bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actin Gamma 1, a new skin cancer pathogenic gene, identified by the biological feature‐based classification
Authors: Dong Xinqian , Han Yingsheng , Sun Zhen , Xu Junlong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSkin cancer is the most common form of cancer that accounting for at least 40% of cancer cases around the world. This study aimed to identify skin cancer‐related biological features and predict skin cancer candidate genes by employing machine learning based on biological features of known skin cancer genes. The known skin cancer‐related genes were fetched from database and encoded by the enrichment scores of gene ontology and pathways. The optimal features of the skin cancer related genes were selected with a series of feature selection methods, such as mRMR, IFS, and Random Forest algorithm. Quantitative PCR (Q‐PCR) was performed for the predicted genes. Effects on proliferation and metastasis of skin cancer cell line A431 were detected through MTT and transwell assay. The effects on myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation of Actin Gamma 1 (ACTG1) were detected by Western blot. A total of 1233 GO terms and 55 KEGG pathway terms were identified as the optimal features for the depiction of skin cancer. According to those terms, 1134 possible skin cancer‐related genes were predicted. We further identified 16 new biomarkers in expression and the classification model can predict skin cancer cases with 100% accuracy. Among the 16 genes, ACTG1 had significantly high expression in skin cancer tissue. Our investigation suggested that ACTG1 can regulate the cell proliferation and migration through ROCK signaling pathway.
Efficient solvent extraction of phosphoric acid with dibutyl sulfoxide
Authors: Chen Ming , Li Jun , Jin Yang , Luo Jianhong , Zhu Xinhua , Yu Defang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn china, the grade of phosphate ores has decreased sharply in recent years. Existing solvents are inefficient for the extraction of wet‐process phosphoric acid produced by low‐grade phosphate ores. Organic solvent dibutyl sulfoxide was developed to improve the extraction capacity of wet‐process phosphoric acid, especially at low‐acid concentration.RESULTSThe effects of extraction time, temperature, phosphoric acid concentration and impurities concentration on the extraction were investigated. The extraction process is exothermic and the enthalpy change is –5.86 kJ mol‐1. Dibutyl sulfoxide is relatively selective for Mg2+ and Al3+ while the selectivities of Fe3+, F‐ and SO42‐ are moderate. The liquid–liquid equilibrium of water–dibutyl sulfoxide–phosphoric acid system was determined at 298.15 K. The stability of dibutyl sulfoxide and the process flows of extraction, scrubbing and stripping were investigated. The extraction mechanism of dibutyl sulfoxide for phosphoric acid was proposed and the extracted complex H3PO4·0.3DBSO was obtained.CONCLUSIONDibutyl sulfoxide is demonstrated to be a powerful solvent for the extraction of wet‐process phosphoric acid even at low concentrations. Dibutyl sulfoxide can be a potential supplemental organic solvent for the extraction of wet‐process phosphoric acid produced by low‐grade phosphate ores. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A smart engineering material with UV‐induced switchable wettability for controllable oil/water separation
Authors: Chen Xi , He Yi , Fan Yi , Yang Qiangbin , Yang Xi , Zeng Guangyong , Zhang Liyun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, some smart superwetting materials with switchable wettability have attracted great interest due to their ability to controllably separate oil/water mixtures. However, the fabrication of most smart materials requires complex procedures and precious chemical reagents for surface modification, limiting large‐scale engineering applications of the fabricated smart surface.RESULTSIn this study, a silver surface was prepared by extremely simple displacement deposition on copper mesh. The silver‐coated mesh exhibits superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity after heating treatment, which allows oil to permeate while blocking water. Interestingly, the heated silver‐coated mesh gains superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties after UV irradiation, which allows water to permeate but prevents oil. As a consequence, the as‐fabricated mesh is capable of achieving two completely different oil/water separation processes. In addition, the silver‐coated mesh shows excellent environmental stability under a series of harsh conditions.CONCLUSIONA novel smart engineering material with UV‐induced switchable wettability was successfully fabricated. In view of the rapid and simple fabrication approach, it is envisaged that this work will provide a promising prospect of large‐scale production in smart oil/water separation materials. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A robust and stable nano‐biocatalyst by co‐immobilization of chloroperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase for the decolorization of azo dyes
Authors: Jin Xinyu , Li Saisai , Long Nengbing , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDImmobilization of more than one peroxidase on the same support is an ideal technology for application because such a multi‐enzyme catalytic system may show high activity over a very wide optimal range of pH, temperature and H2O2 concentration. In this work, chloroperoxidase (CPO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were co‐immobilized on ZnO nanowires/macroporous SiO2 composite support through an in situ cross‐linking method. An anionic bi‐epoxy cross‐linker was used by adsorption on the surface of ZnO nanowires before cross‐linking.RESULTSThe cross‐linking was carried out under suitable conditions: pH 6.5, reaction temperature 15°C and reaction time 15 h. Using a 1/1 mixture of CPO and HRP resulted in a co‐immobilized enzyme with loading 79.6 mgCPO g‐1support and 52.8 mgHRP g‐1support, and total specific activity up to 15.7 U per mgsupport. The co‐immobilized enzyme also showed good stability after 60 days of storage, and excellent reusability over 20 repeat uses.CONCLUSIONSFor the decolorization of azo dyes the co‐immobilized CPO (60%)/HRP (40%) exhibited high catalytic activity over very wide ranges of pH, temperature and H2O2 concentration. Using this robust biocatalyst, complete decolorizations of azo dyes have been realized within 3 h of reaction. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Model validation for enzymatic reactive distillation to produce chiral compounds
Authors: Wierschem Matthias , Langen Anke Alexandra , Lins Janine , Spitzer Rüdiger , Skiborowski Mirko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzymatic reactive distillation (ERD) is a biocatalyzed process, in which enzymes are immobilized in catalytic packing. The combination of enzymatic reaction and thermal separation helps to overcome chemical reaction and phase equilibrium limitations. Processing of chiral molecules, in particular, can benefit from ERD application, which might lead to more eco‐efficient processing of these valuable chemicals. Therefore an integrated approach to evaluate this technology is followed.RESULTSTo evaluate ERD the transesterification of racemic (R/S)‐1‐phenylethanol (RPE/SPE) to (R)‐phenylethyl acetate (PEA) catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (EC: 3.1.1.3) is investigated with regard to kinetics and physical property data, which provide a basis for the modeling of an ERD process. Furthermore, ERD experiments show a selective conversion of RPE to PEA, which is predicted by the established ERD model with high accuracy.CONCLUSIONThe ERD experiments demonstrate the feasibility of chiral processing for the transesterification by means of ERD and a validated ERD model is developed, allowing for a conceptual evaluation of ERD. This provides the basis for a future comparison of ERD with benchmark processes that will reveal the economic potential of ERD processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Research on corrosion resistance of metal films sputtered by rotating target and planar target
Authors: Ma Weijie , Hu Haifeng , Ding Xianlin , Chen Qicheng , Zhang Ming , Guo Zongjie , Shao Xibin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe corrosion resistance of MoNb/AlNd/MoNb film during different sputter conditions was studied for G6 rotating target sputter equipment. The results show that with the increase of sputter power and the increase of the thickness, top MoNb tends to form coarse columnar crystals, and the corrosion resistance of the metal thin films, at first, increases and then decreases with the increase of sputter power and metal thickness. As the sputter temperature increases, top MoNb tends to form coarse grains while the corrosion resistance of the film is poor. The result also release that with the increase of the target speed, top MoNb film becomes loose so that it is difficult to play a protective role because of its poor corrosion resistance ability. Under the same conditions, the sputter of the planar target film is denser; as a result, the top MoNb layer can protect the inner AlNd layer from corrosion.
Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part IV. The Effect of Temperature in the Presence of Induced Condensing Agents
Authors: Andrade Fabiana N. , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn experimental investigation of the impact of changes in temperature on the observed rate of polymerization of ethylene in the gas phase using a commercial Ziegler–Natta catalyst in the presence of induced condensing agents (ICAs) reveals some unexpected behavior. In the absence of ICA, the effect of temperature is as expected: raising the temperature of the gas phase from 70 to 90 °C causes the observed rate of polymerization to increase monotonically. It is demonstrated in the past that ICA can increase rate of polymerization of the ethylene in the gas phase due to a cosolubility effect. However, in the current study, it is shown that when ICA is present in the reactor, the same increase in temperature can actually lead to an observable decrease in the reaction rate under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. This is attributed to a lower impact of the ICA on the solubility of ethylene in the amorphous phase of the high‐density polyethylene in the reactor at higher temperatures. An order of magnitude analysis also reveals that the presence of ICA can have an impact on the particle temperature as well.
A damage to crack transition model accounting for stress triaxiality formulated in a hybrid nonlocal implicit discontinuous Galerkin‐cohesive band model framework
Authors: Leclerc Julien , Wu Ling , Nguyen Van Dung , Noels Ludovic 
Published: July 2017

SummaryModelling the entire ductile fracture process remains a challenge. On the one hand, continuous damage models succeed in capturing the initial diffuse damage stage but are not able to represent discontinuities or cracks. On the other hand, discontinuous methods, as the cohesive zones, which model the crack propagation behaviour, are suited to represent the localised damaging process. However, they are unable to represent diffuse damage. Moreover, most of the cohesive models do not capture triaxiality effect. In this paper, the advantages of the two approaches are combined in a single damage to crack transition framework. In a small deformation setting, a nonlocal elastic damage model is associated with a cohesive model in a discontinuous Galerkin finite element framework. A cohesive band model is used to naturally introduce a triaxiality‐dependent behaviour inside the cohesive law. Practically, a numerical thickness is introduced to recover a 3D state, mandatory to incorporate the in‐plane stretch effects. This thickness is evaluated to ensure the energy consistency of the method and is not a new numerical parameter. The traction‐separation law is then built from the underlying damage model. The method is numerically shown to capture the stress triaxiality effect on the crack initiation and propagation.
A generalized Nash equilibrium approach for optimal control problems of autonomous cars
Authors: Dreves Axel , Gerdts Matthias 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe consider optimal control problems with ordinary differential equations that are coupled by shared, possibly nonconvex, constraints. For these problems, we use the generalized Nash equilibrium approach and provide a reformulation of normalized Nash equilibria as solutions to a single optimal control problem. By this reformulation, we are able to prove existence, and in some settings, exploiting convexity properties, we also get a limited number or even uniqueness of the normalized Nash equilibria. Then, we use our approach to discuss traffic scenarios with several autonomous vehicles, whose dynamics is described through differential equations, and the avoidance of collisions couples the optimal control problems of the vehicles. For the solution to the discretized problems, we prove strong convergence of the states and weak convergence of the controls. Finally, using existing optimal control software, we show that the generalized Nash equilibrium approach leads to reasonable results for a crossing scenario with different vehicle models.
Homochirality of β‐Peptides: A Significant Biomimetic Property of Unnatural Systems
Authors: Mándity István M. , Nekkaa Imane , Paragi Gábor , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHomochirality, an interesting phenomenon of life, is mainly an unresolved problem and was thought to be a property of living matter. Herein, we show that artificial β‐peptides have the tendency toward homochiral diastereoselective chain elongation. Chain‐length‐dependent stereochemical discrimination was investigated in the synthesis of foldamers with various side chains and secondary structures. It was found that there is a strong tendency toward the synthesis of homochiral oligomers. The size of the side chain drastically influenced the selectivity of the stereodiscriminative chain‐elongation reaction. It is noteworthy that water as the co‐solvent increases the selectivity. Such behavior is a novel fundamental biomimetic property of foldamers with a potential of future industrial application.
Vascular anomaly cases for the pediatric hematologist oncologists—An interdisciplinary review
Authors: Adams Denise M. , Brandão Leonardo R. , Peterman Caitlin M. , Gupta Anita , Patel Manish , Fishman Steven , Trenor Cameron C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVascular anomalies (VAs) are classified as tumors or malformations depending on their clinical characteristics, pathological diagnosis, and genomic information. Diagnosis can be challenging because of the heterogeneity of clinical presentation; thus, the best diagnosis and care are provided by an interdisciplinary team of specialists. Over the past 10 years, an increasing number of pediatric hematologist/oncologists are caring for patients with VAs secondary to new medical therapy options and clinical trials. This paper focuses on complicated VA issues often seen by the pediatric hematologist/oncologist. The paper reviews clinical pearls on diagnosis, histology, radiology, and treatment options.
How to differentiate congenital from noncongenital chronic neutropenia at the first medical examination? Proposal of score: A pilot study from the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia registry
Authors: Bejjani Naim , Beaupain Blandine , Bertrand Yves , Bellanne‐Chantelot Christine , Donadieu Jean 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe developed a diagnostic score to differentiate congenital from noncongenital neutropenia at the time of diagnosis using reliable data collected at the first visit of a patients with neutropenia.Study designIn a pilot retrospective study, we included 120 patients diagnosed with chronic neutropenia; 61 had congenital and 59 had noncongenital neutropenia. We reviewed patient medical charts and collected the initial complete blood count (CBC) and other reliable data. We used logistic regression to determine the probability that the neutropenia was congenital.ResultsOn the initial CBC, the degree of neutropenia had no predictive value; only monocytosis >1.5 × 109/l, hemoglobin <90 g/l, or mild thrombocytopenia <150 × 109/l suggested congenital neutropenia. The most predictive factors for congenital neutropenia were a medical history (consanguinity and patient history of neutropenia), severe infections, and oral stomatitis or gingivitis at the time of diagnosis. The age at diagnosis had limited predictive value.ConclusionA diagnosis of congenital neutropenia may be reliably suspected based only on information from the CBC, some basic information from patient and parent interviews, and a clinical examination. A pilot score with six factors that could be readily, reliably collected, should facilitate the diagnosis of congenital neutropenia.
Correlation between Z score, fetal fraction, and sequencing reads in non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Balslev‐Harder Marie , Richter Stine R. , Kjærgaard Susanne , Johansen Peter 
Published: July 2017

What's already known about this topic?

A reliable result from non‐invasive prenatal testing depends on sufficient amount of fetal DNA and sequencing reads.
A common fixed lower cutoff value of fetal fraction increases the incidence of test failures compared with study‐specific cutoff values.
It is not straightforward to define study‐specific lower cutoff values of fetal DNA and sequencing reads.
What does this study add?

The study examined the relationship between Z scores and fetal fractions and sequencing reads as well as the combination of cutoff values between Z score, fetal fraction, and sequencing reads in 35 women carrying a trisomy 21 fetus in order to define the optimal study‐specific cutoff values and possibly decrease the test failure rate.
This underscores the importance of evaluating the correlation between Z score and fetal fraction and optimal combination of cutoff values when assessing non‐invasive prenatal testing results, suggesting that each laboratory should define its own correlation and optimal combination of cutoff values, because those are study specific.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The course of fear of cancer recurrence: Different patterns by age in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Starreveld Daniëlle E.J. , Markovitz Sabine E. , van Breukelen Gerard , Peters Madelon L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the time course and predictors of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in breast cancer survivors over a period of 18 months after initial surgery.MethodsBreast cancer patients (n = 267) were followed until 18 months after primary breast surgery. Shortly after surgery, participants completed the Life Orientation Test‐Revised to measure optimism and the Concerns about Recurrence Scale to measure FCR. Mixed regression analysis was performed with age, optimism, marital status, education, type of surgery, with or without lymphectomy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy, time since surgery, and all interactions with time as predictors of FCR.ResultsThe final model included a significant interaction between age and time since surgery and a main effect for optimism.ConclusionThese results suggest that the course of FCR depends on the age of breast cancer survivors. Younger survivors showed an increase of fear during the first 1.5 years after breast surgery, whereas older survivors showed stable levels during the first 6 months after which it declined. Also, less optimistic survivors reported higher levels of FCR. Health care providers should pay (extra) attention to FCR in younger and less optimistic patients and offer psychological help when needed.
Men's information‐seeking behavior regarding cancer risk and screening: A meta‐narrative systematic review
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Reidy Mary , Hegarty Josephine , O'Mahony Mairin , Murphy Mike , Von Wagner Christian , Drummond Frances J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivePreventive strategies are known to reduce cancer risk and incidence and improve prognosis. Men seldom seek medical information about cancer prevention and risk reduction. The aim of this meta‐narrative systematic review was to critically appraise evidence from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies that explored men's information‐seeking behaviors in relation to cancer prevention and risk reduction.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Education Full Text, and ERIC were systematically searched for studies published in English between January 1, 2006 and May 30, 2016. A total of 4117 titles were identified; of which, 31 studies were included (21 qualitative studies, 9 quantitative studies, and 1 mixed‐methods study). The methodological quality of the studies was appraised by using different tools.ResultsMost studies focused on screening for prostate (n = 18) and colorectal cancer (n = 7). Most men were passive information‐gatherers rather than active information‐seekers. Key sources of information included the Internet for active information‐seekers and health care professionals for passive information‐gatherers. Barriers to information‐seeking included information overload, embarrassment, and fear. Low literacy and health literacy levels were addressed in 3 studies and were identified as impediments to active information‐seeking. Facilitators to information‐seeking included family support, media, celebrity endorsements, and targeted information.ConclusionsMen's information‐seeking behavior regarding cancer risk reduction, prevention, and screening is influenced by several factors. This necessitates targeted interventions aimed at raising awareness of cancer prevention and screening, while accounting for men's informational needs, preferred learning strategies, and literacy levels.
Palaeoenvironmental Proxies for Permafrost Presence During the Younger Dryas, Central Poland
Authors: Petera‐Zganiacz Joanna , Dzieduszyńska Danuta A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvolutions and small frost fissures have been recorded over a wide area of the lower terrace of the Warta River valley (central Poland). They developed at the lithological boundary between an organic‐rich deposit with a thin peat layer (unit b) and an underlying fluvial sandy deposit (unit a). Most of the involutions are products of a reversed density gradient and loading, or developed under the influence of cryohydrostatic pressure. Among them are drop‐like and flat‐bottomed structures, diapirs, flame‐like and fold structures and irregular involutions. Some frost fissures have also been recorded in the same stratigraphic position. The sedimentological properties and formative mechanism of the involutions, together with environmental data (lithology, groundwater conditions, snow cover and vegetation), reveal their origin as periglacial. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the structures formed during the Younger Dryas. Overall, the involutions and frost fissures indicate that permafrost re‐aggraded in this region of central Poland during the Younger Dryas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.