bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis What Is It? What Are the Diagnostic Criteria? Why Do We Care?
Authors: Churg Andrew , Bilawich AnaMaria , Wright Joanne L. 
Published: May 2017

Context.—
Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) has emerged from obscurity during the past 15 years and is now recognized as a very common form of fibrosing interstitial pneumonia but one that is frequently misdiagnosed both clinically and on surgical lung biopsy as usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) or fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

Objective.—
To review the pathologic features of CHP.

Data Sources.—
Clinical, pathology, and radiology literature were used.

Conclusions.—
Upper lobe–predominant fibrosis and/or air-trapping on computed tomography scan are features of CHP but not UIP/IPF; however, radiologic separation is possible in only about 50% of cases. Morphologically, CHP sometimes mimics UIP/IPF, but CHP often shows isolated foci of peribronchiolar (centrilobular) fibrosis, frequently associated with fibroblast foci, and in CHP, fibrosis may bridge from the centrilobular region to another bronchiole, an interlobular septum, or the pleura (“bridging fibrosis”). This set of findings is uncommon in UIP/IPF. In addition, CHP may produce a picture of fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Although giant cells/granulomas are usually present in subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, they are much less frequently found in CHP, and their absence does not contradict the diagnosis. This diagnostic separation is clinically important because CHP is treated differently than UIP/IPF is (immunosuppressive agents versus antifibrotic agents); further, there are some data to suggest that removing the patient from antigen exposure improves outcome, and there is evidence that patients with CHP have a much better survival prognosis after lung transplantation than do patients with UIP/IPF. In most cases, accurate diagnosis of CHP requires consultation among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists.
Real‐time monitoring of nutrients in the Changjiang Estuary reveals short‐term nutrient‐algal bloom dynamics
Authors: Wang Kui , Chen Jianfang , Ni Xiaobo , Zeng Dingyong , Li Dewang , Jin Haiyan , Glibert Patricia M. , Qiu Wenxian , Huang Daji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Changjiang Estuary is a large‐river estuary ecosystem in the East China Sea, and its plume, the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), transports a large mass of nutrients (
+
,
,
) to the shelf sea, leading to substantial eutrophication; the CDW also supports high primary production. However, relationships between nutrient delivery and phytoplankton responses have been difficult to establish, as many nutrient delivery events and algal blooms are episodic, and the CDW may expand or become detached with changing winds. To study the relationship between nutrient delivery events, algal blooms and estuarine metabolism dynamics, a buoy system was deployed in the CDW from 9 September to 10 October 2013, with measurements of chlorophyll a and dissolved nutrients. Day‐to‐day nutrient increases covaried with salinity decreases, regulated by both the spring‐neap tidal cycle and wind events. Several specific nutrient injection periods were detected, each followed by nutrient drawdown and chlorophyll a accumulation (algal blooms). Each algal bloom had its own unique pattern of nutrient uptake based on change in nutrient ratios (ΔN:ΔP; ΔN:ΔSi) and appeared to be dominated by different algal groups. These events occurred under weak wind and stable hydrodynamic conditions. Ecosystem metabolism based on net community production (NCP) showed that the upper estuarine ecosystem was autotrophic when chlorophyll a accumulated, but heterotrophic when wind‐induced mixing strengthened, and upwelling brought organic‐rich water to the near surface. In spite of several short‐lived algal blooms, the average NCPdaily was negative during the observation period, indicating a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere.
Dense water formation in the north‐western Mediterranean area during HyMeX‐SOP2 in 1/36° ocean simulations: Ocean‐atmosphere coupling impact
Authors: Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Léger Fabien , Giordani Hervé , Beuvier Jonathan , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle , Ducrocq Véronique , Fourrié Nadia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe north‐western Mediterranean Sea is a key location for the thermohaline circulation of the basin. The area is characterized by intense air‐sea exchanges favored by the succession of strong northerly and north‐westerly wind situations (mistral and tramontane) in autumn and winter. Such meteorological conditions lead to significant evaporation and ocean heat loss that are well known as the main triggering factor for the Dense Water Formation (DWF) and winter deep convection episodes. During the HyMeX second field campaign (SOP2, 1 February to 15 March 2013), several platforms were deployed in the area in order to document the DWF and the ocean deep convection, as the air‐sea interface conditions. This study investigates the role of the ocean‐atmosphere coupling on DWF during winter 2012–2013. The coupled system, based on the NEMO‐WMED36 ocean model (1/36° resolution) and the AROME‐WMED atmospheric model (2.5 km resolution), was run during 2 months covering the SOP2 and is compared to an ocean‐only simulation forced by AROME‐WMED real‐time forecasts and to observations collected in the north‐western Mediterranean area during the HyMeX SOP2. The comparison shows small differences in terms of net heat, water, and momentum fluxes. On average, DWF is slightly sensitive to air‐sea coupling. However, fine‐scale ocean processes, such as shelf DWF and export or eddies and fronts at the rim of the convective patch, are significantly modified. The wind‐current interactions constitute an efficient coupled process at fine scale, acting as a turbulence propagating vectors, producing large mixing and convection at the rim of the convective patch.
Seasonal and interannual variability in along‐slope oceanic properties off the US West Coast: Inferences from a high‐resolution regional model
Authors: Kurapov A. L. , Pelland N. A. , Rudnick D. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 6 year, 2009–2014 simulation using a 2 km horizontal resolution ocean circulation model of the Northeast Pacific coast is analyzed with focus on seasonal and interannual variability in along‐slope subsurface oceanic properties. Specifically, the fields are sampled on the isopycnal surface
kg m−3 that is found between depths of 150 and 300 m below the ocean surface over the continental slope. The fields analyzed include the depth
, temperature
, along‐slope current
, and the average potential vorticity PV between
26.5 and 26.25 kg m−3. Each field is averaged in the cross‐shore direction over the continental slope and presented as a function of the alongshore coordinate and time. The seasonal cycle in
shows a coherent upwelling‐downwelling pattern from Mexico to Canada propagating to the north with a speed of 0.5 m s−1. The anomalously deep (
m)
displacement in spring‐summer 2014 is forced by the southern boundary condition at 24°N as a manifestation of an emerging strong El Niño. The seasonal cycle in
is most pronounced between 36°N and 53°N indicating that subarctic waters are replaced by warmer Californian waters in summer with the speed close 0.15 m s−1, which is consistent with earlier estimates of the undercurrent speed and also present
analyses. The seasonal patterns and anomalies in
and
find confirmation in available long‐term glider and shipborne observations. The PV seasonality over the slope is qualitatively different to the south and north of the southern edge of Heceta Bank (43.9°N).
Heart assist devices and their impact on arterial Doppler: When the waveform appears flat or serrated
Authors: Wang Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article was to review the principal mechanisms of three types of heart assist devices, to explore their haemodynamic impacts on spectral Doppler and to discuss the associated challenges in diagnostic ultrasound.ConclusionHeart assist devices are used in patients with advanced heart failure as bridge to transplantation or destination therapy. The arterial Doppler waveform features can be altered after the implantation of the devices. A continuous‐flow device converts the arterial waveform into a venous‐like waveform with a mean velocity that can be used in stenosis evaluation. When the pulsatile device produces extra pulses between the natural heartbeats, together they produce serrated arterial waveforms. When the pulsatile device serves as the only pumping source, the arterial waveforms are similar to the natural ones. Colour Doppler features are maintained despite all the spectral Doppler changes. These devices can affect both ultrasound scanning and interpretation. Therefore, it is essential to understand the principal mechanisms of these devices and their haemodynamic impacts so that an accurate ultrasound diagnosis can be made.
Intranasal distribution and clearance of thermoreversible gel in an animal model
Authors: Choi Ji Eun , Kim Ki Ryung , Noh Yangseop , Chung Won‐Ho , Cho Yang‐Sun , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Dhong Hun‐Jong , Kim Hyo Yeol 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPoloxamer 407 (P407) has been investigated for an intranasal drug delivery system. However, there is little known about the distribution and clearance of intranasally applied P407. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and clearance time of P407 in an animal model.MethodsFive male pigs were administered the experimental solution (18% of P407 with 0.01% of fluorescein) and the control solution (normal saline with 0.01% of fluorescein) into their right and left nasal cavity, respectively. For quantitative analysis, endoscopic images of each nasal cavity were taken immediately and at 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes after intranasal administration.ResultsThe experimental group showed a significantly wider distribution of fluorescein than the control group at 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The experimental group also showed a significantly higher mean intensity of fluorescein than the control group at 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The mean intensity in the control group was significantly decreased during 30 minutes but the mean intensity in the experimental group was significantly decreased during 60 minutes.ConclusionA substantial amount of P407 remained in the nasal cavity for at least 30 minutes post‐application.
Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of posterior septectomy as a viable treatment option for large septal perforations
Authors: Otto Bradley A. , Li Chengyu , Farag Alexander A. , Bush Benjamin , Krebs Jillian P. , Hutcheson Ryan D. , Kim Kanghyun , Deshpande Bhakthi , Zhao Kai 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNumerous surgical techniques exist to treat nasal septal perforation (NSP). The surgical closure of large NSPs (>2 cm) is still challenging. Posterior septectomy has been reported as a simple alternative to treat large NSP, yet its mechanisms for symptom relief are not clear, and if failed, its consequence cannot be easily reversed.MethodsTen NSP patients were recruited: 5 underwent posterior septectomy and 5 underwent conventional flap or button repair. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulated the nasal aerodynamics based on computed tomography (CT) scans. All patients had preoperative CT; however, only 4 had postoperative CT: 2 underwent posterior septectomy and the other 2 underwent flap repair. We examined surgical outcomes and the nasal airflow features among the 2 treatment options.ResultsBoth groups of patients had good outcomes based on chart review. Patients undergoing septectomy had significantly larger perforation size (2.32 ± 0.87 vs 1.21 ± 0.60 cm), higher flow rate across the perforation (47.8 ± 28.6 vs 18.3 ± 12.2 mL/second), and higher wall shear stress (WSS) along the posterior perforation margin (1.39 ± 0.52 vs 1.15 ± 0.58 Pa). The posterior WSS significantly correlated with crossover flow velocity (r = 0.77, p = 0.009) and was reduced by almost 67% postseptectomy, and by 29% postrepair.ConclusionThis is the first CFD analysis on an NSP patient cohort. NSP resulted in flow disturbance and increased WSS that potentially led to symptomatology. The removal of high stress points along the posterior margin may explain why posterior septectomy can be an effective treatment option. Aerodynamic abnormalities, in addition to perforation size and location, could serve as basis for future treatment decisions.
Die Kohlenmonoxid‐Dehydrogenase reduziert Cyanat zu Cyanid
Authors: Ciaccafava Alexandre , Tombolelli Daria , Domnik Lilith , Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Dobbek Holger , Mroginski Maria‐Andrea , Zebger Ingo , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDie Kohlenmonoxid‐Dehydrogenase (CODH) hat eine hohe Umweltrelevanz aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit, CO2 biokatalytisch zu reduzieren. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten ist der katalytische Mechanismus der CODH noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärt. In einer spektroskopischen und theoretischen Studie präsentieren wir nun erste Beweise für eine Reduktion von Cyanat (NCO−) zu Cyanid (CN−) am C‐Cluster. Das Addukt bleibt am katalytischen Zentrum gebunden und bildet den so genannten CN−‐inhibierten Zustand. Interessanterweise findet diese Umwandlung nicht in Kristallen von CODHIICh statt, was anhand des Fehlens der entsprechenden CN‐Streckschwingungsbanden belegt werden kann. Die Transformation von NCO−, eines Inhibitors des Cred2‐Zustands der CODH, könnte den CO2‐Umsatz nachahmen und auf diese Weise neue Perspektiven für die Aufklärung des genauen katalytischen Mechanismus der CODH bieten.
Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Alkenylations Enabled by Reversible Alkenylnickel E/Z Isomerization
Authors: Yap Connor , Lenagh‐Snow Gabriel M. J. , Karad Somnath Narayan , Lewis William , Diorazio Louis J. , Lam Hon Wai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnantioselective nickel‐catalyzed arylative cyclizations of substrates containing a Z‐allylic phosphate tethered to an alkyne are described. These reactions give multisubstituted chiral aza‐ and carbocycles, and are initiated by the addition of an arylboronic acid to the alkyne, followed by cyclization of the resulting alkenylnickel species onto the allylic phosphate. The reversible E/Z isomerization of the alkenylnickel species is essential for the success of the reactions.
Layer‐by‐layer modification of porous polybenzoxazine with silver nanoparticles for enhanced CO2 storage
Authors: Manmuanpom Nicharat , Dubas Stephan Thierry , Wongkasemjit Sujitra , Chaisuwan Thanyalak 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPolybenzoxazine (PBZ) xerogels have been synthesized via quasi solventless method and coated with silver nanoparticles using the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition method. After coating, the samples were carbonized at 800 °C to obtain high surface area porous carbon materials to be used for CO2 storage. Evidences of the successful LbL deposition of the coating was provided by ultraviolet–visible and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the silver nanoparticles top layer was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the samples coated with silver nanoparticles displayed an increased CO2 capacity from 3.02 to 3.39 mmol g−1 when compared with the plain carbon PBZ. The LbL method for the modification of the pore surface in porous PBZ is simple and allows the facile tuning of the inner PBZ pore's surface chemistry with metallic nanoparticles that could be enhanced CO2 storage capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45097.
Brief Report: Deficiency of Complement 1r Subcomponent in Early‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Role of Disease‐Modifying Alleles in a Monogenic Disease
Authors: Demirkaya Erkan , Zhou Qing , Smith Carolyne K. , Ombrello Michael J. , Deuitch Natalie , Tsai Wanxia L. , Hoffmann Patrycja , Remmers Elaine F. , Takeuchi Masaki , Park Yong Hwan , Chae JaeJin , Barut Kenan , Simsek Dogan , Adrovic Amra , Sahin Sezgin , Caliskan Salim , Chandrasekharappa Settara C. , Hasni Sarfaraz A. , Ombrello Amanda K. , Gadina Massimo , Kastner Daniel L. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Aksentijevich Ivona 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo identify a genetic cause of early‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large consanguineous family from Turkey and to study the mechanisms of the disease.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing and single‐nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping in family members with and without SLE. Protein and gene expression, cytokine profile, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and presence of low‐density granulocytes were evaluated in patient primary cells and serum samples.ResultsWe identified a novel, homozygous, loss‐of‐function mutation (p.Pro445Leufs*11) in the C1R gene. Using the Sanger method of DNA sequencing in 14 family members, we confirmed the presence of the mutation in 4 patients with SLE and in an asymptomatic 9‐year‐old girl. Complement levels were low in sera from patients with truncated C1r protein. Two siblings with SLE who were available for detailed evaluation exhibited strong type I interferon (IFN) inflammatory signatures despite their disease being clinically inactive at the time of sampling. The type I IFN transcriptional signature in the patients’ blood correlated with disease expressivity, whereas the neutrophil signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was likely associated with disease severity. The female patient with SLE with the most severe phenotype presented with a stronger neutrophil signature, defined by enhanced NET formation and the presence of low‐density granulocytes. Analysis of exome data for modifying alleles suggested enrichment of common SLE‐associated variants in the more severely affected patients. Lupus‐associated HLA alleles or HLA haplotypes were not shared among the 4 affected subjects.ConclusionOur findings revealed a novel high‐penetrance mutation in C1R as the cause of monogenic SLE. Disease expressivity in this family appears to be influenced by additional common and rare genetic variants.
Unprovoked seizures in multiple sclerosis: Why are they rare?
Authors: Kavčič Anamarija , Hofmann Werner E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe frequency of seizures in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) ranges from 1.5% to 7.8% and is considerably more common than chance events. The etiopathogenesis of seizures in MS is still poorly understood.MethodA review of the literature on seizures and MS using PubMed.ResultsCortical gray matter involvement appears to be an all‐too‐common pathological finding in MS to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of seizures in MS patients. There is no clear relationship between seizures and the severity of MS. In approximately 10% of cases, a seizure is actually an initial neurological symptom of MS.ConclusionSearching for coherence in the occurrence of unprovoked seizures in MS directs attention to the dichotomy in MS pathology characterized by a complex intertwining of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. The appearance (or nonappearance) of seizures in MS in relation to disease activity and disease progression indicates a distinct clinical phenotype of MS that opens up new perspectives in MS research.
The Role of Gas in Determining Image Quality and Resolution During In Situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Experiments
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Browning Nigel D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions are molecular in nature, a full mechanistic understanding of the process requires atomic‐scale characterization under realistic operating conditions. Although atomic resolution imaging has become routine in modern high‐vacuum (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), both image quality and resolution nominally degrade on introduction of the reaction gases. In this work, we systematically assess the effects of different gases at various pressures on the quality and resolution of images obtained at room temperature in the annular dark field STEM imaging mode by using a differentially pumped (DP) gas cell. This imaging mode is largely free from inelastic scattering effects induced by the presence of gases and retains good imaging properties over a wide range of gas mass/pressures. We demonstrate the application of ESTEM with atomic resolution images for a complex oxide alkane oxidation catalyst MoVNbTeOx (M1) immersed in light and heavy gas environments.
A Fe/Mn‐Based Prussian Blue Analogue as a K‐Rich Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Xi , Zhang Tianran , Yang Liuqing , Li Guochun , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reversible intercalation of K+ into graphite has spurred interest in new rechargeable battery chemistries based on potassium ions. The viability of commercializing potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) is critically dependent on the availability of pre‐potassiated cathode materials, and the compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode components; which have yet to be fully explored. Herein, we report a Fe and Mn based K‐rich Prussian Blue analogue, which can be used as the cathode of rechargeable KIBs to deliver 115 mAh/g of discharge capacity with two voltage plateaus at 3.9 and 4.1 V vs. K+/K in an electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate additive. In half‐cell studies, the cyclability of this Prussian Blue analogue was found to depend on the formation of a passivation layer on the anode and the decomposition of the active electrode material at the cathode. This study demonstrates the importance of electrode−electrolyte compatibility in the development of new rechargeable battery chemistries, especially when the evaluation is based on half‐cell studies where potassium metal is used.
A surface molecularly imprinted polymer as chiral stationary phase for chiral separation of 1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2‐naphthol racemates
Authors: Dong Hongxing , Zhang Danxia , Lin Hailong , Wang Yudan , Liu Lijia , Zheng Meixia , Li Xiaobo , Zhang Chunhong , Li Junqing , Zhang Peng , So Juhyok 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAcrylamide (AM) was copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of (R)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) as the template molecules on the surface of silica gel by a free radical polymerization to produce a chiral stationary phase based on the surface molecularly imprinted polymer (SMIP‐CSP). The SMIP‐CSP showed a much better separation factor (α = 4.28) than the CSP based on the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP‐CSP) without coating on the silica gel (α = 1.96) during the chiral separation of BINOL enantiomers by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The influence of the pretreatment temperature and the content of the template molecule ((R)‐BINOL) of the SMIP‐CSP, and the mobile phase composition on the separation of the racemic BINOL were systematically investigated.
Patent und Publikation
Authors: Seifert Annekathrin , Wortmann Jens 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDurch die Vorab‐Veröffentlichung der für den Druck vorgesehenen Beiträge in Online‐Plattformen, die Veröffentlichung in reinen Online‐Journalen und die extrem rasche „Open Access“‐Veröffentlichung hat sich die Zeit zwischen der Einreichung eines Manuskripts und seiner öffentlichen Zugänglichkeit drastisch verkürzt. Eine schnelle online Vorab‐Veröffentlichung einer Publikation steht auch vor ihrer redaktionellen Bearbeitung einer Patentanmeldung neuheitsschädlich entgegen. Die öffentliche Zugänglichkeit wird aber nicht dadurch begründet, dass der Autor die Verfügungsgewalt darüber verliert, die Publikation noch verhindern zu können. Da etliche Industrieländer eine Neuheitsschonfrist gewähren, kann es deshalb sinnvoll sein, die Anmeldung möglichst rasch einzureichen, auch wenn die wissenschaftliche Publikation bereits veröffentlicht ist.