bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Occupational Therapy Fall Reduction Home Visit Program for Community‐Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong After an Emergency Department Visit for a Fall
Authors: Chu Mary Man‐Lai , Fong Kenneth Nai‐Kuen , Lit Albert Chau‐Hung , Rainer Timothy Hudson , Cheng Stella Wai‐Chee , Au Frederick Lap‐Yan , Fung Henry Kwok‐Kwong , Wong Chit‐Ming , Tong Hon‐Kuan 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of an occupational therapy fall reduction home visit program for older adults admitted to the emergency department (ED) for a fall and discharged directly home.DesignSingle‐blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.SettingsEDs in three acute care hospitals in Hong Kong.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older who had fallen (N = 311).InterventionsAfter screening for eligibility, 204 consenting individuals were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and received a single home visit from an occupational therapist (OT) within 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital or a control group (CG) and received a well‐wishing visit from a research assistant not trained in fall prevention.MeasurementsBoth groups were followed for 12 months through telephone calls made every 2 weeks by blinded assessors with a focus on the frequency of falls. Another blinded assessor followed up on their status with telephone calls 4, 8, and 12 months after ED discharge. Prospective fall records on hospital admissions were retrieved from electronic databases; 198 individuals were followed for 1 year on an intention‐to‐treat basis.ResultsThe percentage of fallers over 1 year was 13.7% in the IG (n = 95) and 20.4% in the CG (n = 103). There were significant differences in the number of fallers (P = .03) and the number of falls (P = .02) between the two groups over 6 months. Significant differences were found in survival analysis for first fall at 6 months (log‐rank test 5.052, P = .02) but not 9 or 12 months.ConclusionOne OT visit after a fall was more effective than a well‐wishing visit at reducing future falls at 6 months. A booster OT visit at 6 months is suggested.
Resting‐State Functional Connectivity and Cognition After Major Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults without Preoperative Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Berger Miles , Harshbarger Todd B. , Smith Patrick J. , White William , Bisanar Tiffany L. , Alexander John H. , Gaca Jeffrey G. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen , Newman Mark F. , Mathew Joseph P. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo look for changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity associated with postoperative changes in cognition, a common complication in seniors undergoing major surgery, using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging.DesignObjective cognitive testing and functional brain imaging were prospectively performed at preoperative baseline and 6 weeks after surgery and at the same time intervals in nonsurgical controls.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsOlder adults undergoing cardiac surgery (n = 12) and nonsurgical older adult controls with a history of coronary artery disease (n = 12); no participants had cognitive impairment at preoperative baseline (Mini‐Mental State Examination score >27).MeasurementsDifferences in resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) and global cognitive change relationships were assessed using a voxel‐wise intrinsic connectivity method, controlling for demographic factors and pre‐ and perioperative cerebral white matter disease volume. Analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate P < .01).ResultsGlobal cognitive change after cardiac surgery was significantly associated with intrinsic RSFC changes in regions of the posterior cingulate cortex and right superior frontal gyrus—anatomical and functional locations of the brain's default mode network (DMN). No statistically significant relationships were found between global cognitive change and RSFC change in nonsurgical controls.ConclusionClinicians have long known that some older adults develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after anesthesia and surgery, yet the neurobiological correlates of POCD are not well defined. The current results suggest that altered RSFC in specific DMN regions is positively correlated with global cognitive change 6 weeks after cardiac surgery, suggesting that DMN activity and connectivity could be important diagnostic markers of POCD or intervention targets for potential POCD treatment efforts.
Consistency Matters in Formally Selecting Incremental and Radical New Product Ideas for Advancement
Authors: Eling Katrin , Griffin Abbie , Langerak Fred 
Published: November 2016

Several new product development (NPD) scholars have argued that formal processes should be used when selecting incremental new product ideas for advancement at the very beginning of the fuzzy front end (FFE), but that such formal processes may be less beneficial when selecting radical new product ideas. However, arguments also exist for using formal idea selection processes for both types of new product ideas. In practice, informal processes are used for selecting both idea types and more formal processes are used for selecting radical ideas. Unequivocal empirical evidence for either of the opposing views or practices is lacking.This study sheds light on this matter using data from 161 of the firms that participated in the Product Development and Management Association's latest (2012) Comparative Performance Assessment Study. The results reveal that the highest idea success rate (i.e., the proportion of selected ideas that are eventually launched as new products and are successful in the marketplace) is associated with firms’ use of formal processes to select the vast majority of both incremental and radical new product ideas for advancement. This finding supports earlier claims that even for (raw) idea selection processes that take place at the very beginning of the FFE, managers need to adopt a portfolio perspective and consistently use formal idea advancement selection processes to ensure attaining the right balance between radical and incremental projects in later stages of the NPD pipeline to enhance overall NPD success. Notably, this finding shows that common managerial practices of using inconsistent approaches for selecting radical and incremental ideas for advancement need to be reconsidered.
The Challenges of Extreme Moral Stress: Claudia Card's Contributions to the Formation of Nonideal Ethical Theory
Authors: Norlock Kathryn J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis essay argues that Claudia Card numbers among important contributors to nonideal ethical theory (NET), and it advocates for the worth of NET. Following philosophers including Lisa Tessman and Charles Mills, the essay contends that it is important for ethical theory, and for feminist purposes, to carry forward the interrelationship that Mills identifies between nonideal theory and feminist ethics. Card's ethical theorizing assists in understanding that interrelationship. Card's philosophical work includes basic elements of NET indicated by Tessman, Mills, and others, and further offers two important and neglected elements to other nonideal ethical theorists: (i) her rejection of the “administrative point of view,” and (ii) her focus on “intolerable harms” as forms of “extreme moral stress” and obstacles to excellent ethical lives. The essay concludes that Card's insights are helpful to philosophers in developing nonideal ethical theory as a distinctive contribution to, and as a subset of, nonideal theory.
Current evidence for the use of sugammadex in children
Authors: Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySugammadex is a novel pharmacologic agent, which reverses neuromuscular blockade with a mechanism that differs from the commonly used, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Although sugammadex has not received approval from the United States Food & Drug administration in children, its use has already been reported to reverse neuromuscular blockade in several clinical scenarios in the pediatric population including the ‘cannot intubate–cannot ventilate’ scenario. To date, there remains limited data from prospective trials in the pediatric‐aged patient. Anecdotal use has been reported for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in difficult clinical scenarios such as children with neuromuscular diseases including myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy.
Engineering a gene silencing viral construct that targets the cat hypothalamus to induce permanent sterility: An update
Authors: Dissen GA , Adachi K , Lomniczi A , Chatkupt T , Davidson BL , Nakai H , Ojeda SR 
Published: November 2016

ContentsThe intent of this contribution is to provide an update of the progress we have made towards developing a method/treatment to permanently sterilize cats. Our approach employs two complementary methodologies: RNA interference (RNAi) to silence genes involved in the central control of reproduction and a virus‐based gene therapy system intended to deliver RNAi selectively to the hypothalamus (where these genes are expressed) via the systemic administration of modified viruses. We selected the hypothalamus because it contains neurons expressing Kiss1 and Tac3, two genes essential for reproduction and fertility. We chose the non‐pathogenic adeno‐associated virus (AAV) as a vector whose tropism could be modified to target the hypothalamus. The issues that must be overcome to utilize this vector as a delivery vehicle to induce sterility include modification of the wild‐type AAV to target the hypothalamic region of the brain with a simultaneous reduction in targeting of peripheral tissues and non‐hypothalamic brain regions, identification of RNAi targets that will effectively reduce the expression of Kiss1 and Tac3 without off‐target effects, and determination if neutralizing antibodies to the AAV serotype of choice are present in cats. Successful resolution of these issues will pave the way for the development of a powerful tool to induce the permanent sterility in cats.
Spatial Ca2+ profiling: decrypting the universal cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation
Authors: Samanta Krishna , Parekh Anant B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStimulation of cell‐surface receptors that couple to phospholipase C to generate the second messenger inositol trisphosphate often evokes repetitive oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+. Signalling information is encoded in both the amplitude and frequency of the Ca2+ spikes. Recent studies have revealed that the spatial profile of the oscillation also imparts signalling power; Ca2+ microdomains near store‐operated CRAC channels in the plasma membrane and inositol trisphosphate‐gated channels in the endoplasmic reticulum both signal to distinct downstream targets. Spatial profiling therefore increases the transduction power of the universal oscillatory cytosolic Ca2+ signal.
image
High resolution three‐dimensional reconstruction of fibrotic skeletal muscle extracellular matrix
Authors: Gillies Allison R. , Chapman Mark A. , Bushong Eric A. , Deerinck Thomas J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: November 2016

Key points
Fibrosis occurs secondary to many skeletal muscle diseases and injuries, and can alter muscle function.
It is unknown how collagen, the most abundant extracellular structural protein, alters its organization during fibrosis.
Quantitative and qualitative high‐magnification electron microscopy shows that collagen is organized into perimysial cables which increase in number in a model of fibrosis, and cables have unique interactions with collagen‐producing cells.
Fibrotic muscles are stiffer and have a higher concentration of collagen‐producing cells.
These results improve our understanding of the organization of fibrotic skeletal muscle extracellular matrix and identify novel structures that might be targeted by antifibrotic therapy.
AbstractSkeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and organization are not well understood, yet the ECM plays an important role in normal tissue homeostasis and disease processes. Fibrosis is common to many muscle diseases and is typically quantified based on an increase in ECM collagen. Through the use of multiple imaging modalities and quantitative stereology, we describe the structure and composition of wild‐type and fibrotic ECM, we show that collagen in the ECM is organized into large bundles of fibrils, or collagen cables, and the number of these cables (but not their size) increases in desmin knockout muscle (a fibrosis model). The increase in cable number is accompanied by increased muscle stiffness and an increase in the number of collagen producing cells. Unique interactions between ECM cells and collagen cables were also observed and reconstructed by serial block face scanning electron microscopy. These results demonstrate that the muscle ECM is more highly organized than previously reported. Therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle fibrosis should consider the organization of the ECM to target the structures and cells contributing to fibrotic muscle function.
Pre-mRNA Processing Factor Prp18 Is a Stimulatory Factor of Influenza Virus RNA Synthesis and Possesses Nucleoprotein Chaperone Activity
Authors: Minakuchi M. , Sugiyama K. , Kato Y. , Naito T. , Okuwaki M. , Kawaguchi A. , Nagata K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The genome of influenza virus (viral RNA [vRNA]) is associated with the nucleoprotein (NP) and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and forms helical viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. The NP-vRNA complex is the biologically active template for RNA synthesis by the viral polymerase. Previously, we identified human pre-mRNA processing factor 18 (Prp18) as a stimulatory factor for viral RNA synthesis using a
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
replicon system and a single-gene deletion library of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(T. Naito, Y. Kiyasu, K. Sugiyama, A. Kimura, R. Nakano, A. Matsukage, and K. Nagata, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104:18235–18240, 2007,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705856104
). In infected Prp18 knockdown (KD) cells, the synthesis of vRNA, cRNA, and viral mRNAs was reduced. Prp18 was found to stimulate
in vitro
viral RNA synthesis through its interaction with NP. Analyses using
in vitro
RNA synthesis reactions revealed that Prp18 dissociates newly synthesized RNA from the template after the early elongation step to stimulate the elongation reaction. We found that Prp18 functions as a chaperone for NP to facilitate the formation of NP-RNA complexes. Based on these results, it is suggested that Prp18 accelerates influenza virus RNA synthesis as an NP chaperone for the processive elongation reaction.

IMPORTANCE
Templates for viral RNA synthesis of negative-stranded RNA viruses are not naked RNA but rather RNA encapsidated by viral nucleocapsid proteins forming vRNP complexes. However, viral basic proteins tend to aggregate under physiological ionic strength without chaperones. We identified the pre-mRNA processing factor Prp18 as a stimulatory factor for influenza virus RNA synthesis. We found that one of the targets of Prp18 is NP. Prp18 facilitates the elongation reaction of viral polymerases by preventing the deleterious annealing of newly synthesized RNA to the template. Prp18 functions as a chaperone for NP to stimulate the formation of NP-RNA complexes. Based on these results, we propose that Prp18 may be required to maintain the structural integrity of vRNP for processive template reading.
Association between OCT-based microangiography perfusion indices and diabetic retinopathy severity
Authors: Lin Alexander D , Lee Aaron Y , Zhang Qinqin , Rezaei Kasra A , Kinyoun James , Wang Ruikang K , Lee Cecilia S 
Published: November 2016

AimTo evaluate the association between retinal capillary non-perfusion and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity using optical coherence tomography-based microangiography (OMAG).Methods33 patients (51 eyes) with a history of diabetes underwent imaging with a 68 kHz Cirrus-5000 spectral domain OMAG prototype. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The perfusion index (PI) was defined as per cent coverage of area by retinal vessels with flow, measured within a minimum of 6.8×6.8 mm2OMAG scan. The PI in each ETDRS zone was analysed using an automated algorithm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the degree of association between PI and DR severity.Results51 eyes with different DR severities were imaged. More severe DR was significantly associated with lower PI after adjusting for logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes type and ETDRS ring in a multivariate mixed linear model. Compared with the none–mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, the moderate–severe NPDR group had 2.7 lower PI (p=0.03) and proliferative DR group had 4.3 lower PI (p=0.003). All ETDRS zones except for the foveal centre showed inverse associations between PI and DR severity (p values<0.001 to 0.862).ConclusionsA statistically significant inverse association exists between PI and DR severity. Our study suggests that PI may become a useful biomarker in evaluating and following the progression of DR.
Efficacy of two injection-site localisation techniques for botulinum toxin injections: a single-blind, crossover, randomised trial protocol among adults with hemiplegia due to stroke
Authors: Morel Claire , Hauret Isabelle , Andant Nicolas , Bonnin Armand , Pereira Bruno , Coudeyre Emmanuel 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionBotulinum toxin injections are an effective treatment for limb spasticity following stroke. Different tracking techniques are used for this purpose: palpation, electrostimulation, electromyography and ultrasound. Yet very few studies have compared these different techniques, and none has successfully proved the superior efficacy of ultrasound-guided injections compared to another tracking method. The primary objective of our study was therefore to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections depending on the tracking technique used: ultrasound versus electrostimulation.Methods and analysisThis is a clinical, single-centre, prospective, interventional, single-blind, crossover, randomised trial. In total, 30 patients aged between 18 and 80 years presenting with triceps surae spasticity (evaluated >1 on the modified Ashworth scale) associated with hemiplegia sequelae due to stroke will be included. The patients will be selected among those who attend for consultation the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital. One group will receive the abobotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) injection guided by electrostimulation then ultrasound, and the second group's botulinum toxin injections will be guided by ultrasound then electrostimulation. For each patient, the duration of study participation is 5 months. The primary end point is variation in passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion at slow and high speeds (Tardieu scale) with the knee straight.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethics approval form the CPP of Rhônes-Alpes region. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT01935544; pre-results.
Age and gender differential relationship between employment status and body mass index among middle-aged and elderly adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Kim Jinseok , Park Jumin , Oh In-Hwan , Kwon Young Dae 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of age and gender, respectively, on the association between employment status and body mass index (BMI) in Korean adults using a large, nationally representative sample.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSouth Korea.Participants7228 from fourth wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), the survey's short form and year: ‘KLoSA 2012’.Main outcome measuresBMI.ResultsBMI among the employed was higher than among the unemployed for those under 60. In terms of gender, employed men reported higher BMI than their unemployed counterparts, whereas employed women reported lower BMI than did unemployed women.ConclusionsEmployment status showed varying impacts on obesity by age and gender. Both unemployment at or after 60, as well as unemployment among women, is associated with increased BMI compared with unemployment among younger individuals or men, respectively.
Effects of increased positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a protocol of a prospective physiological study
Authors: Chen Han , Xu Ming , Yang Yan-Lin , Chen Kai , Xu Jing-Qing , Zhang Ying-Rui , Yu Rong-Guo , Zhou Jian-Xin 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThere are concerns that the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients with brain injury may potentially elevate intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the transmission of PEEP into the thoracic cavity depends on the properties of the lungs and the chest wall. When chest wall elastance is high, PEEP can significantly increase pleural pressure. In the present study, we investigate the different effects of PEEP on the pleural pressure and ICP in different respiratory mechanics.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, single-centre, physiological study in patients with severe brain injury. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with ventricular drainage will be enrolled. An oesophageal balloon catheter will be inserted to measure oesophageal pressure. Patients will be sedated and paralysed; airway pressure and oesophageal pressure will be measured during end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion. Elastance of the chest wall, the lungs and the respiratory system will be calculated at PEEP levels of 5, 10 and 15 cm H2O. We will classify each patient based on the maximal ΔICP/ΔPEEP being above or below the median for the study population. 2 groups will thus be compared.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and consent forms were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fujian Provincial Hospital. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02670733; pre-results.