bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of Adaptive Immunity Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progression in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chandra Goutam , Roy Avik , Rangasamy Suresh B. , Pahan Kalipada 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model is the most widely used animal model for Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is known that nigrostriatal pathologies do not persist in the acute MPTP mouse model. This study highlights the importance of adaptive immunity in driving persistent and progressive disease in acute MPTP-intoxicated mice. Although marked infiltration of T cells into the nigra was found on 1 d of MPTP insult, T cell infiltration decreased afterward, becoming normal on 30 d of insult. Interestingly, twice-weekly supplementation of RANTES and eotaxin, chemokines that are involved in T cell trafficking, drove continuous T cell infiltration to the nigra and incessant glial inflammation. Supplementation of RANTES and eotaxin was also associated with the induction of nigral α-synuclein pathology, persistent loss of dopaminergic neurons and striatal neurotransmitters, and continuous impairment of motor functions in MPTP-intoxicated mice. In contrast, supplementation of TNF-α and IL-1β, widely studied proinflammatory cytokines, did not induce persistent disease in MPTP-insulted mice. Our results suggest that induction of adaptive immunity by RANTES and eotaxin could hold the key for driving persistent nigrostriatal pathologies in the MPTP mouse model, and that targeting these factors may halt disease progression in PD patients.
Poincaré Lemma on Quaternion-like Heisenberg Groups
Authors: Chang Der-Chen , Yang Nanping , Wu Hsi-Chun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor smooth functions a1, a2, a3, a4 on a quaternion Heisenberg group, we characterize the existence of solutions of the partial differential operator system X1f = a1, X2f = a2, X3f = a3, and X4f = a4. In addition, a formula for the solution function f is deduced, assuming solvability of the system.
A Multiplier Theorem on Anisotropic Hardy Spaces
Authors: Wang Li-an Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a multiplier theorem on anisotropic Hardy spaces. When m satisfies the anisotropic, pointwise Mihlin condition, we obtain boundedness of the multiplier operator Tm: → , for the range of p that depends on the eccentricities of the dilation A and the level of regularity of a multiplier symbol m. This extends the classical multiplier theorem of Taibleson andWeiss.
“Misfits” in Fin-de-Siècle France and Italy
Authors: Ashley Susan A. 
Published: April 2017

As the 19th century drew to a close, France and Italy experienced an explosion of crime, vagrancy, insanity, neurosis and sexual deviance. “Misfits” in Fin-de-Siècle France and Italy examines how the raft of self-appointed experts that subsequently emerged tried to explain this aberrant behavior and the many consequences this had.
Susan A. Ashley considers why these different phenomena were understood to be interchangeable versions of the same inborn defects. The book looks at why specialists in newly-minted disciplines in medicine and the social sciences, such as criminology, neurology and sexology, all claimed that biological flaws – some inherited and some arising from illness or trauma – made it impossible for these ‘misfits’ to adapt to modern life. Ashley then goes on to analyse the solutions these specialists proposed, often distinguishing between born deviants who belonged in asylums or prisons and ‘accidental misfits’ who deserved solidarity and social support through changes to laws relating to issues like poverty and unemployment.
The study draws on a comprehensive examination of contemporary texts and features the work of leading authorities like Cesare Lombroso, Jean-Martin Charcot, and Théodule Ribot, as well as investigators less known now but influential at the time. The comparative aspect also interestingly shows that experts collaborated closely across national and disciplinary borders, employed similar methods and arrived at common conclusions.
This is a valuable study for all social and cultural historians of France and Italy and anyone interested in knowing more about the history of medicine in modern Europe.
Movies with Meaning
Authors: Shaw Daniel 
Published: April 2017

This book pairs close readings of some of the classic writings of existentialist philosophers with interpretations of films that reveal striking parallels to each of those texts, demonstrating their respective philosophies in action. Individual chapters include significant excerpts from the original texts being discussed and illustrated. Pairings cover Schopenhauer and Waking Life, Stirner and Hud, Kierkegaard and Winter Light, Nietzsche and The Fountainhead, Heidegger, Blade Runner and The Thin Red Line, Camus, Leaving Las Vegas and Missing, Sartre, Husbands and Wives, and Michael Collins, de Beauvoir and Revolutionary Road, and Foucault and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.
Movies with Meaning offers a clear and insightful examination of the relationships between existential philosophers and film, providing both digests of their most significant texts and cinematic illustrations of what each had in mind. For the first time in one place, this book analyses the implications for film of the perspectives of a wide array of the most significant existentialist thinkers. Organized chronologically, like most existentialism anthologies, this is an ideal textbook for an intermediate level existentialism course, or as a companion to a selection of primary texts.
Aesthetics, Arts, and Politics in a Global World
Authors: Herwitz Daniel 
Published: April 2017

A different set of purposes define culture today than those that preoccupied the world in the immediate decades of decolonization. Focusing on art and music in diverse parts of the world, Daniel Herwitz explores a world that has largely shifted from the earlier days of nationalism, decolonization and cultural exclusion, to one of global markets and networks.
Using examples from India and Mexico to South Africa, Australia and China, Herwitz argues that the cultural politics and art being produced in these places are now post- postcolonial. Where the postcolonial downplayed formerly Eurocentric forms and celebrated art with national consciousness, the rules for 21st century cultural authenticity are quickly disappearing. Young people think of themselves in relation to global culture rather than nation-building; the project of producing a new and modern art for the incipient and rising postcolonial nation is out of date.
By examining the shift in which art accesses the past and the rise of trends such as hitching consumer culture to celebrity forms and branding, Herwitz’s original and engaging exploration of contemporary art captures the ways in which art has given way to a new form of production, altering everything from the role of tradition and heritage in contemporary art to the terms of its vision and circulation.
Urbanization-induced urban heat island and aerosol effects on climate extremes in the Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: Zhong Shi , Qian Yun , Zhao Chun , Leung Ruby , Wang Hailong , Yang Ben , Fan Jiwen , Yan Huiping , Yang Xiu-Qun , Liu Dongqing 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The WRF-Chem model coupled with a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) is integrated for 5 years at convection-permitting scale to investigate the individual and combined impacts of urbanization-induced changes in land cover and pollutant emissions on regional climate in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in eastern China. Simulations with the urbanization effects reasonably reproduced the observed features of temperature and precipitation in the YRD region. Urbanization over the YRD induces an urban heat island (UHI) effect, which increases the surface temperature by 0.53 °C in summer and increases the annual heat wave days at a rate of 3.7 d yr−1 in the major megacities in the YRD, accompanied by intensified heat stress. In winter, the near-surface air temperature increases by approximately 0.7 °C over commercial areas in the cities but decreases in the surrounding areas. Radiative effects of aerosols tend to cool the surface air by reducing net shortwave radiation at the surface. Compared to the more localized UHI effect, aerosol effects on solar radiation and temperature influence a much larger area, especially downwind of the city cluster in the YRD. Results also show that the UHI increases the frequency of extreme summer precipitation by strengthening the convergence and updrafts over urbanized areas in the afternoon, which favor the development of deep convection. In contrast, the radiative forcing of aerosols results in a surface cooling and upper-atmospheric heating, which enhances atmospheric stability and suppresses convection. The combined effects of the UHI and aerosols on precipitation depend on synoptic conditions. Two rainfall events under two typical but different synoptic weather patterns are further analyzed. It is shown that the impact of urban land cover and aerosols on precipitation is not only determined by their influence on local convergence but also modulated by large-scale weather systems. For the case with a strong synoptic forcing associated with stronger winds and larger spatial convergence, the UHI and aerosol effects are relatively weak. When the synoptic forcing is weak, however, the UHI and aerosol effects on local convergence dominate. This suggests that synoptic forcing plays a significant role in modulating the urbanization-induced land-cover and aerosol effects on individual rainfall event. Hence precipitation changes due to urbanization effects may offset each other under different synoptic conditions, resulting in little changes in mean precipitation at longer timescales.
A FORMAÇÃO DE JOVENS FUTEBOLISTAS ALÉM DAS QUATRO LINHAS: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DOS TÉCNICOS DE BRASIL E PORTUGAL
Authors: Do Prado Szeremeta Thaynara , Szmyczak Conde Juan Henrique , Barata Figueiredo António José , De Barros Gonçalves Carlos Eduardo , Cavichiolli Fernando Renato 
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o processo de formação de jovens futebolistas sob a perspectiva de técnicos de Brasil e Portugal. Oito técnicos participaram do estudo, sendo quatro brasileiros e quatro portugueses. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, da qual emergiram quatro categorias. O processo de formação de atletas é diferente entre os países. O contexto social e pedagógico no Brasil passa por diversos departamentos específicos antes de chegar ao técnico, por outro lado, em Portugal o técnico tem mais proximidade com as questões sociais que envolvem os atletas. Uma realidade pode aprender com a outra, a fim de que os atletas se desenvolvam tecnicamente, mas que também desenvolvam outras competências no caso de insucesso no futebol.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: John Albert 
Published: April 2017

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2 Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USAAhmet Ozan Gezerman, Institute of Science, TurkeyAsghari Gul, Comsats IIT, PakistanAyodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South AfricaBhargava Karumudi, University of Illinois at Chicago, USABinod P Pandey, The Pennsylvania State University, USADesheng Zheng, University of Houston, USAFatima Tuz Johra, Kookmin University, BangladeshGreg Peters, University of Findlay, USAJiajue Chai, Brown University, USAMaolin Lu, Yale University, USAMeriem Belhachemi, University of Bechar, AlgeriaMohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, EgyptMonira Nessem Michael, National institute of standards (NIS), EgyptMustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, TurkeyNejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, TunisiaPraveen Kumar, Texas Tech University, USAR. K. Dey, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), IndiaSayandev Chatterjee, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USASitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USASujan Kumar Sarkar, Ruhr University Bochum, GermanyWaseem Hassan, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education
Seismic anisotropy of Precambrian lithosphere: Insights from Rayleigh wave tomography of the eastern Superior Craton
Authors: Petrescu Laura , Darbyshire Fiona , Bastow Ian , Totten Eoghan , Gilligan Amy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe thick, seismically fast lithospheric keels underlying continental cores (cratons) are thought to have formed in the Precambrian and resisted subsequent tectonic destruction. A consensus is emerging from a variety of disciplines that keels are vertically stratified, but the processes that led to their development remain uncertain. Eastern Canada is a natural laboratory to study Precambrian lithospheric formation and evolution. It comprises the largest Archean craton in the world, the Superior Craton, surrounded by multiple Proterozoic orogenic belts. To investigate its lithospheric structure, we construct a frequency‐dependent anisotropic seismic model of the region using Rayleigh waves from teleseismic earthquakes recorded at broadband seismic stations across eastern Canada. The joint interpretation of phase velocity heterogeneity and azimuthal anisotropy patterns reveals a seismically fast and anisotropically complex Superior Craton. The upper lithosphere records fossilized Archean tectonic deformation: anisotropic patterns align with the orientation of the main tectonic boundaries at periods ≤110 s. This implies that cratonic blocks were strong enough to sustain plate‐scale deformation during collision at 2.5 Ga. Cratonic lithosphere with fossil anisotropy partially extends beneath adjacent Proterozoic belts. At periods sensitive to the lower lithosphere, we detect fast, more homogenous, and weakly anisotropic material, documenting postassembly lithospheric growth, possibly in a slow or stagnant convection regime. A heterogeneous, anisotropic transitional zone may also be present at the base of the keel. The detection of multiple lithospheric fabrics at different periods with distinct tectonic origins supports growing evidence that cratonization processes may be episodic and are not exclusively an Archean phenomenon.
Altered inherent optical properties and estimates of the underwater light field during an Arctic under‐ice bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii
Authors: Pavlov Alexey K. , Taskjelle Torbjørn , Kauko Hanna M. , Hamre Børge , Hudson Stephen R. , Assmy Philipp , Duarte Pedro , Fernández‐Méndez Mar , Mundy C. J. , Granskog Mats A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn spring 2015, we observed an extensive phytoplankton bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii, with chlorophyll a concentrations up to 7.5 mg m−3, under compact snow‐covered Arctic sea ice at 80–81°N during the Norwegian young sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) expedition. We investigated the influence of the under‐ice bloom on inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the upper ocean. Absorption and scattering in the upper 20 m of the water column at visible wavebands increased threefold and tenfold, respectively, relative to prebloom conditions. The scattering‐to‐absorption ratio during the Phaeocystis under‐ice bloom was higher than in previous Arctic studies investigating diatom blooms. During the bloom, absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (at 375 nm), seemingly of autochthonous origin, doubled. Total absorption by particles (at 440 nm), dominated by phytoplankton (>90%), increased tenfold. Measured absorption and scattering in the water were used as inputs for a 1D coupled atmosphere‐ice‐ocean radiative transfer model (AccuRT) to investigate effects of altered IOPs on the under‐ice light field. Multiple scattering between sea ice and phytoplankton in the ocean led to an increase in scalar irradiance in the photosynthetically active radiation range (Eo(PAR)) at the ice‐ocean interface by 6–7% compared to prebloom situation. This increase could have a positive feedback on ice‐algal and under‐ice phytoplankton productivity. The ratio between Eo(PAR) and downwelling planar irradiance (Ed(PAR)) below sea ice reached 1.85. Therefore, the use of Ed(PAR) might significantly underestimate the amount of PAR available for photosynthesis underneath sea ice. Our findings could help to improve light parameterizations in primary production models.
3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region
Authors: Raoof J. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Koulakov I. , Kayal J. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have evolved 3‐D seismic velocity structures in northeast India region and its adjoining areas to understand the geodynamic processes of Indian lithosphere that gently underthrusts under the Himalayas and steeply subducts below the Indo‐Burma Ranges. The region is tectonically buttressed between the Himalayan arc to the north and the Indo‐Burmese arc to the east. The tomographic image shows heterogeneous structure of lithosphere depicting different tectonic blocks. Though our results are limited to shallower depth (0–90 km), it matches well with the deeper continuation of lithospheric structure obtained in an earlier study. We observe low‐velocity structure all along the Eastern Himalayas down to ~70 km depth, which may be attributed to deeper roots/thicker crust developed by underthrusting of Indian plate. Parallel to this low‐velocity zone lies a high‐velocity zone in foredeep region, represents the Indian lithosphere. The underthrusting Indian lithosphere under the Himalayas as well as below the Indo‐Burma Ranges is well reflected as a high‐velocity dipping structure. The buckled up part of bending Indian plate in study region, the Shillong Plateau‐Mikir Hills tectonic block, is marked as a high‐velocity structure at shallower depth. The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, tectonic block where the two arcs meet, is identified as a high‐velocity structure. The Bengal Basin, tectonic block to the south of Shillong Plateau, shows low velocity due to its thicker sediments. Based on the tomographic image, a schematic model is presented to elucidate the structure and geodynamics of Indian lithosphere in study region.
Simulating seasonal variations of tile drainage discharge in an agricultural catchment
Authors: De Schepper G. , Therrien R. , Refsgaard J. C. , He X. , Kjaergaard C. , Iversen B. V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeasonal variations of tile drainage discharge were simulated in the 6 km2 Fensholt catchment, Denmark, with the coupled surface and subsurface HydroGeoSphere model. The catchment subsurface is represented in the model by 3 m of topsoil and clay, underlain by a heterogeneous distribution of sand and clay units. Two subsurface drainage networks were represented as nodal sinks. The spatial distribution of the heterogeneous units was generated stochastically and their hydraulic properties were calibrated to reproduce drainage discharge for one network and verified with drainage discharge for the other network. Simulated discharge was compared to that of another model for which the heterogeneous sand and clay units were replaced by a homogeneous unit, whose hydraulic conductivity was the mean value of the heterogeneous model. With the homogeneous model, drainage dynamics were correctly simulated but drainage discharge was less accurate compared to the heterogeneous model. Simulated discharge was also compared to that of a larger‐scale model created with the MIKE SHE code, built with the same heterogeneous model. HydroGeoSphere and MIKE SHE generated drainage discharge that was significantly different, with better simulated groundwater dynamics data produced by HydroGeoSphere. Nodal sinks in HydroGeoSphere reproduced drain flow peaks more accurately. Calibration against drainage discharge data suggests that drain flow is controlled primarily by geological heterogeneities included in the model and, to a lesser extent, by the nature of the soil units located between the drains and ground surface.
Pyroxenite causes fat plumes and stagnant slabs
Authors: Adam Claudia , Caddick Mark J. , King Scott D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConventional wisdom holds that there is a change in the pattern of mantle convection between 410 and at 660 km, where structural transformations convert olivine into its high‐pressure polymorphs. In this regard, recent tomographic studies have been a complete surprise, revealing (i) rapid broadening of slow seismic anomalies beneath hotspots from hundreds of kilometers wide at shallow depths to 2000–3000 km wide deeper than ~800 km, and (ii) fast seismic anomalies associated with subducted lithosphere that appear to flounder at 800–1000 km. It is difficult to reconcile these observations with the conventional view of a mantle that experiences limited mineralogical change below 660 km. Here we propose that plumes and slabs contain significant proportions of lithologies that experience an entirely different suite of mineral reactions, demonstrating that both subducted basalt and pyroxenite upwelling in plumes experience substantial changes in mineralogy and thus physical properties at ~800 km depth. We show the importance of this for mantle rheology and dynamics and how it can explain hitherto puzzling mantle tomographic results.
W
insorized Robust Measures
Authors: Wilcox Rand R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Winsorizing observations leads to robust measures of location, variation, and correlation, and it plays a fundamental role in a variety of situations where the goal is to compare groups or study associations. For example, it has been used to judge the relative importance of the independent variables in the usual linear regression model in a manner that takes into account which independent variables are included in the model.
Measurement Error in Astronomy
Authors: Banerjee Tathagata , Roy Surupa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMeasurement error is ubiquitous in astronomy. In the astronomical literature, discussion on measurement error problems is almost entirely confined to linear regression. We introduce a linear regression measurement error model (LRMM) highlighting the distinguishing features of the model and the data that typically arise in astronomy. Standard methods, proposed in the statistics literature for tackling measurement error problems in regression analysis, are not useful for the analysis of astronomical data. We briefly discuss the methods, and their appropriateness, commonly used by the astronomers for analysis of data using LRMM. A short discussion, on their relative performances based on the available numerical studies, is given. We conclude with some remarks on data characteristics typical to astronomical data and on an emerging measurement error problem in astronomy.
Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Phosphonamides and Phosphinamides with Aryl Siloxanes
Authors: Zhong Longjin , Su Qiong , Xiao Jing , Peng Zhihong , Dong Wanrong , Zhang Yingjun , An Delie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA general arylation protocol between phosphonamides and phosphinamides with aryl siloxanes is herein described. The reaction proceeded in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu(OAc)2 and tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) and in the absence of any external ligands. The arylated products were obtained in high efficiency (up to 88 % yields), and the reaction demonstrated good substituent tolerance (up to 26 examples). Furthermore, competition experiments revealed that the amino groups of the phosphonamides and phosphinamides have similar activities under the reaction conditions.