bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the Carbon‐Crime Blind Spot: A Carbon Footprint Approach
Authors: Skudder Helen , Druckman Angela , Cole John , McInnes Alan , Brunton‐Smith Ian , Ansaloni Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2016

SummaryGovernments estimate the social and economic impacts of crime, but its environmental impact is largely unacknowledged. Our study addresses this by estimating the carbon footprint of crime in England and Wales and identifies the largest sources of emissions. By applying environmentally extended input‐output analysis–derived carbon emission factors to the monetized costs of crime, we estimate that crime committed in 2011 in England and Wales gave rise to over 4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Burglary resulted in the largest proportion of the total footprint (30%), because of the carbon associated with replacing stolen/damaged goods. Emissions arising from criminal justice system services also accounted for a large proportion (21% of all offenses; 49% of police recorded offenses). Focus on these offenses and the carbon efficiency of these services may help reduce the overall emissions that result from crime. However, cutting crime does not automatically result in a net reduction in carbon, given that we need to take account of potential rebound effects. As an example, we consider the impact of reducing domestic burglary by 5%. Calculating this is inherently uncertain given that it depends on assumptions concerning how money would be spent in the absence of crime. We find the most likely rebound effect (our medium estimate) is an increase in emissions of 2%. Despite this uncertainty concerning carbon savings, our study goes some way toward informing policy makers of the scale of the environmental consequences of crime and thus enables it to be taken into account in policy appraisals.
Puzzling out presynaptic differentiation
Authors: Pinto Maria J. , Almeida Ramiro D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProper brain function in the nervous system relies on the accurate establishment of synaptic contacts during development. Countless synapses populate the adult brain in an orderly fashion. In each synapse, a presynaptic terminal loaded with neurotransmitters‐containing synaptic vesicles is perfectly aligned to an array of receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Presynaptic differentiation, which encompasses the events underlying assembly of new presynaptic units, has seen notable advances in recent years. It is now consensual that as a growing axon encounters the receptive dendrites of its partner, presynaptic assembly will be triggered and specified by multiple postsynaptically‐derived factors including soluble molecules and cell adhesion complexes. Presynaptic material that reaches these distant sites by axonal transport in the form of pre‐assembled packets will be retained and clustered, ultimately giving rise to a presynaptic bouton. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects of presynaptic differentiation in the central nervous system, with a particular emphasis on the identity of the instructive factors and the intracellular processes used by neuronal cells to assemble functional presynaptic terminals.
image
We provide a detailed description of the mechanisms leading to the formation of new presynaptic terminals. In brief, soma‐derived packets of pre‐assembled material are trafficked to distant axonal sites. Synaptogenic factors from dendritic or glial provenance activate downstream intra‐axonal mediators to trigger clustering of passing material and their correct organization into a new presynaptic bouton.This article is part of a mini review series: “Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases”.
Palliative care needs of patients with gynaecologic cancer
Authors: Seven Memnun , Sahin Eda , Yilmaz Sakine , Akyuz Aygul 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify gynaecologic cancer patients' palliative care needs using the three levels of needs questionnaire.BackgroundMeasuring both the burden of symptoms and patient‐reported palliative care needs is valuable to improve cancer care. Data representing the palliative care needs of cancer patients in Turkey remain limited.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA total of 134 cancer patients were included in the study at an oncology hospital in Turkey. A data collection form, a short‐form medical outcomes health survey, and the three levels of needs questionnaire were used to collect data.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 59 ± 8·76, of 69·4% were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 52·2% had stage‐3‐4 cancer. Of patients, 69·3% had no desire for sexual intimacy, 33·5% expressed feeling as though they burden their families and 28·4% feel lonely at some level. The most prevalent problems were tiredness, to feel depressed and problems performing physical activities. The most frequent unmet needs were tiredness (60·5%), feel depressed (47·4%) and lack of appetite (38·5%).ConclusionsGynaecologic cancer patients have relatively high prevalence of symptoms and unmet palliative care needs. Health professions mostly were unable to recognise and properly manage tiredness, depression as well as lack of appetite as an integral part of quality cancer care.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses trained in palliative care are needed to evaluate and meet cancer patients' needs regularly to improve quality of palliative care. Nurses should examine the underlying reasons for most prevalent problems and give nursing care accordingly.
Don't Simplify, Complexify: From Disjunctive to Conjunctive Theorizing in Organization and Management Studies
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper I argue that, rather than theory development aim at simplifying complex organizational phenomena, it should aim at complexifying theories – theoretical complexity is needed to account for organizational complexity. Defining the latter as the capacity for ‘nontrivial’ action, I explore a complex ‘system of picturing’ organizations as objects of study that provides an alternative to the hitherto dominant disjunctive style of thinking. A complex ‘system of picturing’ consists of an open‐world ontology, a performative epistemology, and a poetic praxeology. Complex theorizing is conjunctive: it seeks to make connections between diverse elements of human experience through making those analytical distinctions that will enable the joining up of concepts normally used in a compartmentalized manner. Insofar as conjunctive theorizing is driven by the need to preserve the ‘living‐forward – understanding backward’ dialectic, it is better suited to grasping the logic of practice and, thus, to doing justice to organizational complexity. We come close to grasping complexity when we restore the past to its own present and make distinctions that overcome dualisms, preserving as much as possible relationality, temporality, situatedness and, interpretive open‐endedness. I illustrate the argument with several examples from organizational and management research.
Evaluation of efficacy of aloe vera in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis – a clinical study
Authors: Anuradha Ardra , Patil Bharati , Asha Venkataswamy Reddy 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundOral submucous fibrosis is a chronic disease, treatment of which has largely been symptomatic. Aloe vera has immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities. All such properties of aloe vera suggest the possibility of its use in the management of oral submucous fibrosis.MethodsSeventy‐four patients of oral submucous fibrosis were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A patients were treated with systemic (juice) and topical aloe vera (gel) for 3 months. Group B patients were treated with intralesional injection of hydrocortisone and hyaluronidase for 6 weeks with antioxidant supplements for 3 months. Patients were assessed for reduction in burning sensation and increase in mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion at an interval of 1, 2, and 3 months.ResultsBoth the groups showed statistically significant improvements in all the study parameters at the end of study period (P < 0.001). The clinical response to aloe vera was comparable to that of intralesional injections of hydrocortisone and hyaluronidase with antioxidant supplementation.ConclusionThe study concludes that aloe vera can be an alternative, safe, and effective treatment regime in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Long‐term follow‐up studies with larger sample size are recommended.
Literacy as material engagement: the abstract, tangible and mundane ingredients of childhood reading
Authors: Mackey Margaret 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores questions that arise when we consider the things that make literacy possible. How do they interact with ordinary household objects and activities, and what intertextual implications arise from such mundane interactions? The concept of dual representation suggests that some objects may have both a physical and a symbolic existence; a book is a thing that sits on a shelf but it is also a representation of an imaginary content. It is commonplace to think of electronic texts as having only a virtual life, but they also reside within an object that has a tangible household existence. Objects are very often managed by hands, and this article explores the role of the hands in directing attention and in connecting the objects of literacy to their surrounding environment. It draws on an extended study of one child's access to analogue literacy material. Comparing that access to the repertoire of contemporary children, it suggests that we may better understand the role of literacy in our lives if we attend to the tangible as well as the abstract associations the objects of literacy evoke and if we think of literacy as a form of material as well as intellectual engagement.
Habitat specialization predicts genetic response to fragmentation in tropical birds
Authors: Khimoun Aurélie , Eraud Cyril , Ollivier Anthony , Arnoux Emilie , Rocheteau Vincent , Bely Marine , Lefol Emilie , Delpuech Martin , Carpentier Marie‐Laure , Leblond Gilles , Levesque Anthony , Charbonnel Anaïs , Faivre Bruno , Garnier Stéphane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is one of the most severe threats to biodiversity as it may lead to changes in population genetic structure, with ultimate modifications of species evolutionary potential and local extinctions. Nonetheless, fragmentation does not equally affect all species and identifying which ecological traits are related to species sensitivity to habitat fragmentation could help prioritization of conservation efforts. Despite the theoretical link between species ecology and extinction proneness, comparative studies explicitly testing the hypothesis that particular ecological traits underlies species‐specific population structure are rare. Here, we used a comparative approach on eight bird species, co‐occurring across the same fragmented landscape. For each species, we quantified relative levels of forest specialization and genetic differentiation among populations. To test the link between forest specialization and susceptibility to forest fragmentation, we assessed species responses to fragmentation by comparing levels of genetic differentiation between continuous and fragmented forest landscapes. Our results revealed a significant and substantial population structure at a very small spatial scale for mobile organisms such as birds. More importantly, we found that specialist species are more affected by forest fragmentation than generalist ones. Finally, our results suggest that even a simple habitat specialization index can be a satisfying predictor of genetic and demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation, providing a reliable practical and quantitative tool for conservation biology.
Again on the Relevance of Reverse Capital Deepening and Reswitching
Authors: Dvoskin Ariel , Petri Fabio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmong the recent interventions in the capital controversy, the debate between Paola Potestio and Kurz & Salvadori has raised important issues. We agree with Potestio's rejection of the legitimacy of a value endowment of capital but we disagree with her dismissal of the relevance of reswitching and reverse capital deepening: these phenomena are very important because they undermine the demand‐side role of the conception of capital as a single factor. For the marginal approach to be plausible, this demand‐side role had to imply the stability of the savings‐investment market even in shorter time frames than those required by a complete adaptation of the ‘form’ of capital; this was taken by Marshall to authorize doing without a given endowment of value capital, which opened the door to the shift to the modern neo‐Walrasian versions of the marginal approach. With proof from Hayek, Hicks, Malinvaud, and Lucas we argue that a continuing belief in traditional time‐consuming marginalist disequilibrium adjustments based on capital‐labour substitution is the hidden reason why the claim often made by contemporary marginalist economists, that the economy can be assumed to be all the time on the equilibrium‐growth path, is not found patently unacceptable. The true microfoundation of DSGE macromodels is not intertemporal equilibrium theory, but the time‐consuming adjustment mechanisms on whose basis the marginal approach was born and accepted, and on whose basis monetarism was then able to re‐assert a pre‐Keynesian view of the working of the economy.
Harmony without Voice Leading? The Challenge of Interpreting Exact Leaping Transpositions
Authors: Goldenberg Yosef 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn common‐practice tonal music, normative voice leading is challenged when motives based on arpeggiated chords recur transposed by leaps. Most often, linear readings become possible by means of choosing a different member from each participating chord. The exact details depend on the specific harmonic progression. Some alternative readings are also possible. There is a danger of theoretical bias in such readings, although many of the actual instances are strongly convincing.
Development(s) in the Theology of Revelation: From Francisco Marin-Sola to Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Brotherton Joshua R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe twentieth century has seen a dramatic shift even within Catholic theology when it comes to how the Church understands divine revelation and her own historical reception of it. The Second Vatican Council was a pivotal point in which contrasting views of doctrinal truth seemed to meet head-to-head. But while it might seem that the now popular understanding of revelation as an event, rather than a set of propositions, represents a victory for modernism, there is no contradiction between this personalistic paradigm and the propositional, which reigned in the neo-scholastic era. Rather, there are points of contact between the traditional Thomistic approach of an early-twentieth century Dominican theologian, Francisco Marin-Sola, and the understanding of revelation, particularly, the nature of doctrinal truth, that has risen to prominence thanks to the so-called nouvelle theologie. It is especially evident in the work of Yves Congar and Joseph Ratzinger that it is possible to reconcile the Tubingen approach to reality, which inspired the new school, and the (Augustinian-)Thomistic insistence on the immutability of truth.
Caveolin‐1 serves as a negative effector in senescent human gingival fibroblasts during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection
Authors: Ahn S.H. , Cho S.‐H. , Song J.‐E. , Kim S. , Oh S.S. , Jung S. , Cho K.A. , Lee T.‐H. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIt is well established that aging is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a well‐known bacterial species that plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers in the human oral cavity. Further, the ability of F. nucleatum to invade gingival fibroblasts (GFs) is critical to the development of periodontal diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the age‐related infection of GFs by F. nucleatum remain unknown. We used young (fourth passage) and senescent (22nd passage) GFs to investigate the mechanisms of F. nucleatum infection in aged GFs and first observed increased invasion of F. nucleatum in senescent GFs. We also found that the co‐localization of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1), a protein marker of aging, with F. nucleatum and the knockdown of Cav‐1 in GFs reduced F. nucleatum invasion. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through activation of NADPH oxidase in GFs, but senescent GFs exhibited significantly lower levels of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production compared with young GFs in both the uninfected and infected conditions. Also, senescent GFs exhibited a decline in proinflammatory cytokine production and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation following F. nucleatum infection. Interestingly, the knockdown of Cav‐1 in senescent GFs increased NADPH oxidase activity and caused the upregulation of interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 and the phosphorylation of ERK. Collectively, the increased expression of Cav‐1 might play a critical role in F. nucleatum invasion and could hinder the host response in senescent GFs.
A Shortened Version of the Suicide Cognitions Scale for Identifying Chronic Pain Patients at Risk for Suicide
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Kanzler Kathryn E. , Grieser Emily , Martinez Annette , Allison Sybil , McGeary Donald 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveResearch in psychiatric outpatient and inpatient populations supports the utility of the Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS) as an indicator of current and future risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Designed to assess suicide‐specific thoughts and beliefs, the SCS has yet to be evaluated among chronic pain patients, a group with elevated risk for suicide. The purpose of the present study was to develop and test a shortened version of the SCS (the SCS‐S).Study DesignA total of 228 chronic pain patients completed a battery of self‐report surveys before or after a scheduled appointment.SettingThree outpatient medical clinics (pain medicine, orofacial pain, and clinical health psychology).MethodsConfirmatory factor analysis, multivariate regression, and graded item response theory model analyses.ResultsResults of the CFAs suggested that a 3‐factor solution was optimal. A shortened 9‐item scale was identified based on the results of graded item response theory model analyses. Correlation and multivariate analyses supported the construct and incremental validity of the SCS‐S.ConclusionsResults support the reliability and validity of the SCS‐S among chronic pain patients, and suggest the scale may be a useful method for identifying high‐risk patients in medical settings.
Overexpression of a novel peanutNBS‐LRRgeneAhRRS5enhances disease resistance toRalstonia solanacearumin tobacco
Authors: Zhang Chong , Chen Hua , Cai Tiecheng , Deng Ye , Zhuang Ruirong , Zhang Ning , Zeng Yuanhuan , Zheng Yixiong , Tang Ronghua , Pan Ronglong , Zhuang Weijian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBacterial wilt caused byRalstonia solanacearumis a ruinous soilborne disease affecting more than 450 plant species. Efficient control methods for this disease remain unavailable to date. This study characterized a novel nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeat resistance geneAhRRS5from peanut, which was up‐regulated in both resistant and susceptible peanut cultivars in response toR. solanacearum. The product ofAhRRS5was localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, treatment with phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethephon (ET) increased the transcript level ofAhRRS5with diverse responses between resistant and susceptible peanuts. Abiotic stresses such as drought and cold conditions also changedAhRRS5expression. Moreover, transient overexpression induced hypersensitive response inNicotiana benthamiana. Overexpression ofAhRRS5significantly enhanced the resistance of heterogeneous tobacco toR. solanacearum, with diverse resistance levels in different transgenic lines. Several defence‐responsive marker genes in hypersensitive response, includingSA,JAandETsignals, were considerably up‐regulated in the transgenic lines as compared with the wild type inoculated withR. solanacearum. Nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related gene 1 (NPR1) and non‐race‐specific disease resistance 1 were also up‐regulated in response to the pathogen. These results indicate thatAhRRS5participates in the defence response toR. solanacearumthrough the crosstalk of multiple signalling pathways and the involvement ofNPR1and R gene signals for its resistance. This study may guide the resistance enhancement of peanut and other economic crops to bacterial wilt disease.
A prospective view of animal and human Fasciolosis
Authors: Cwiklinski K. , O'Neill S. M. , Donnelly S. , Dalton J. P. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFasciolosis, a food‐borne trematodiasis, results following infection with the parasites, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. These trematodes greatly affect the global agricultural community, infecting millions of ruminants worldwide and causing annual economic losses in excess of US $3 billion. Fasciolosis, an important zoonosis, is classified by WHO as a neglected tropical disease with an estimated 17 million people infected and a further 180 million people at risk of infection. The significant impact on agriculture and human health together with the increasing demand for animal‐derived food products to support global population growth demonstrate that fasciolosis is a major One Health problem. This review details the problematic issues surrounding fasciolosis control, including drug resistance, lack of diagnosis and the threat that hybridization of the Fasciola species poses to future animal and human health. We discuss how these parasites may mediate their long‐term survival through regulation and modulation of the host immune system, by altering the host immune homeostasis and/or by influencing the intestinal microbiome particularly in respect to concurrent infections with other pathogens. Large genome, transcriptome and proteomic data sets are now available to support an integrated One Health approach to develop novel diagnostic and control strategies for both animal and human disease.
Colletotrichum species associated with chili anthracnose in Australia
Authors: De Silva D. D. , Ades P. K. , Crous P. W. , Taylor P. W. J. 
Published: June 2016

Phylogenetic relationships were determined for 45 Colletotrichum isolates causing anthracnose disease of chili in Queensland, Australia. Initial screening based on morphology, ITS and TUB2 genes resulted in a subset of 21 isolates being chosen for further taxonomic study. Isolates in the C. acutatum complex were analysed using partial sequences of six gene regions (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS‐1, TUB2 and HIS3), and in the C. gloeosporioides complex were analysed using four gene regions (ITS, TUB2, ApMat and GS). Phylogenetic analysis delineated four Colletotrichum species including C. siamense, C. simmondsii, C. queenslandicum, C. truncatum and a new Colletotrichum species, described here as C. cairnsense sp. nov. This is the first reported association of C. queenslandicum, C. simmondsii and C. siamense with chili anthracnose in Australia; these species were previously associated with anthracnose on papaya and avocado. Furthermore, the dominant species causing anthracnose of chili in Southeast Asia, C. scovillei, was not detected in Australia. Inoculations on chili fruit confirmed the pathogenicity of C. cairnsense and the other four species in the development of chili anthracnose in Australia.