bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and interaction ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosiscold shock protein A with Y‐box single‐strandedDNAfragment
Authors: Caruso Icaro P. , Panwalkar Vineet , Coronado Monika A. , Dingley Andrew J. , Cornélio Marinônio L. , Willbold Dieter , Arni Raghuvir K. , Eberle Raphael J. 
Published: December 2017

Cold shock proteins (Csps) function to preserve cell viability at low temperatures by binding to nucleic acids and consequently control gene expression. The mesophilic bacteriumCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisis the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis in animals, and infection in livestock is a considerable economic burden worldwide. In this report, the structure of cold shock protein A fromCp(Cp‐CspA) and biochemical analysis of its temperature‐dependent interaction with a Y‐box ssDNA motif is presented. TheCp‐CspA structure contains five β‐strands making up a β‐barrel fold with 11 hydrophobic core residues and two salt bridges that confers it with a melting temperature of ~ 54°C that is similar to mesophilicBs‐CspB. Chemical shift perturbations analysis revealed that residues in the nucleic acid‐binding motifs (RNP1 and 2) and loop 3 are involved in binding to the Y‐box fragment either by direct interaction or by conformational rearrangements remote from the binding region. Fluorescence quenching experiments ofCp‐CspA showed that the dissociation constants for Y‐box ssDNAbinding is nanomolar and the binding affinity decreased as the temperature increased, indicating that the interaction is enthalpically driven and the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces are important contributions for complex stabilization. The Y31 ofCp‐CspA is a particular occurrence among Csps from mesophilic bacteria that provide a possible explanation for the higher binding affinity to ssDNAthan that observed forBs‐CspB. Anisotropy measurements indicated that the reduction in molecular mobility ofCp‐CspA upon Y‐box binding is characterized by a cooperative process.DatabaseResonance assignment and structural data are available in the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank and Protein Data Bank under accession number 26802 and5O6F, respectively.
New insights on plant phenological response to temperature revealed from long‐term widespread observations in China
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Liu Shuguang , Regnier Pierre , Yuan Wenping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConstraints of temperature on spring plant phenology are closely related to plant growth, vegetation dynamics, and ecosystem carbon cycle. However, the effects of temperature on leaf onset, especially for winter chilling, are still not well understood. Using long‐term, widespread in situ phenology observations collected over China for multiple plant species, this study analyzes the quantitative response of leaf onset to temperature, and compares empirical findings with existing theories and modeling approaches, as implemented in 18 phenology algorithms. Results show that the growing degree days (GDD) required for leaf onset vary distinctly among plant species and geographical locations as well as at organizational levels (species and community), pointing to diverse adaptation strategies. Chilling durations (CHD) needed for releasing bud dormancy decline monotonously from cold to warm areas with very limited interspecies variations. Results also reveal that winter chilling is a crucial component of phenology models, and its effect is better captured with an index that accounts for the inhomogeneous effectiveness of low temperature to chilling rate than with the conventional CHD index. The impact of spring warming on leaf onset is nonlinear, better represented by a logistical function of temperature than by the linear function currently implemented in biosphere models. The optimized base temperatures for thermal accumulation and the optimal chilling temperatures are species‐dependent and average at 6.9 and 0.2°C, respectively. Overall, plants’ chilling requirement is not a constant, and more chilling generally results in less requirement of thermal accumulation for leaf onset. Our results clearly demonstrate multiple deficiencies of the parameters (e.g., base temperature) and algorithms (e.g., method for calculating GDD) in conventional phenology models to represent leaf onset. Therefore, this study not only advances our mechanistic and quantitative understanding of temperature controls on leaf onset but also provides critical information for improving existing phenology models.
A biocompatible decellularized pulp scaffold for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Matoug‐Elwerfelli M. , Duggal M. S. , Nazzal H. , Esteves F. , Raïf E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the feasibility of decellularizing the entire dental pulp using a mild treatment protocol to develop a decellularized biological extracellular matrix scaffold for use in regenerative endodontic procedures.MethodologyDecellularized human dental pulps were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical methods, scanning electron microscope and DNA quantification assay. Cytotoxicity assays to determine decellularized scaffold biocompatibility were also performed. Decellularized scaffolds were seeded with human dental pulp stem cells and cell viability assessed using Live/Dead® stain. Quantitative data were analysed statistically using Student's t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance to compare mean values between groups depending on group numbers.ResultsAssessment of decellularized tissues revealed an acellular matrix with preservation of native tissue histoarchitecture and composition. Decellularized tissues showed no evidence of cytotoxicity, with cell growth in direct contact with the scaffold and no reduction in cellular activity following extract incubation. Furthermore, the scaffold was able to support human dental pulp stem cell viability and attachment following recellularization.ConclusionsPromising results were observed in developing a decellularized biological scaffold derived from the dental pulp with the perseveration of extracellular structural components which are required for tissue‐specific regeneration.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk in an Italian psychiatric outpatient sample: A chart review of patients treated with second‐generation antipsychotics
Authors: Severi Elena , Ferrara Maria , Tedeschini Enrico , Vacca Francesca , Mungai Francesco , Amendolara Rocco , Baccari Flavia , Starace Fabrizio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the call by the scientific community for a systematic monitoring of physical health in people with psychiatric illnesses, national and international audits have reported poor quality of cardiovascular risk assessments and management in this vulnerable population. Available evidence indicates that in people affected by mental illness, life expectancy is reduced by 10–20 years, mainly due to cardiovascular accidents and metabolic syndrome (MetS)‐related diseases. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of cardiovascular risk monitoring in an outpatient sample of patients taking second‐generation antipsychotics. The sample consisted of 200 patients consecutively recruited from two community mental health centres. A clinical chart review was performed on the following laboratory tests: total cholesterol, high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase. Blood pressure and waist circumference were measured. A complete cardiovascular risk assessment was available only in 60 patients out of 200 (33.3%). The only variable associated with laboratory tests for MetS was receiving three or more psychotropic medications, which increased fourfold the probability of metabolic screening. In the subsample of patients with full screening, the prevalence of MetS was 33.3%. Our findings suggest that mental health professionals working in community mental health services should incorporate a more systematic assessment of physical health in their practice, and intervene proactively to reduce the significant cardiovascular burden carried by people with several mental illness.
Evaluation of data sources and approaches for estimation of influenza‐associated mortality in India
Authors: Narayan Venkatesh Vinayak , Iuliano Angela Danielle , Roguski Katherine , Haldar Partha , Saha Siddhartha , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Kant Shashi , Zodpey Sanjay , Pandav Chandrakant S. , Jain Seema , Krishnan Anand 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundNo estimates of influenza‐associated mortality exist for India.ObjectiveTo evaluate national mortality and viral surveillance data from India for assessing their appropriateness in estimating influenza‐associated mortality using varied analytic approaches.MethodsWe reviewed influenza virus surveillance data from a national influenza surveillance network. We also reviewed national mortality data from Civil Registration System (CRS), Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) and the Sample Registration System (SRS). We compared and scored the different sources of mortality data using specific criteria, including the process of cause of death assignment, sample size, proportion of ill‐defined deaths, representativeness and availability of time series data. Each of these 5 parameters was scored on a scale from 1 to 5. To evaluate how to generate an influenza‐associated mortality estimate for India, we also reviewed 4 methodologic approaches to assess the appropriateness of their assumptions and requirements for these data sets.ResultsThe influenza virus surveillance data included year‐round sample testing for influenza virus and was found to be suitable for influenza mortality estimation modelling. Based on scoring for the 5 mortality data criteria, the SRS data had the highest score with 20 of 25 possible score, whereas MCCD and CRS scored 16 and 12, respectively. The SRS which used verbal autopsy survey methods was determined to be nationally representative and thus adequate for estimating influenza‐associated mortality. Evaluation of the modelling methods demonstrated that Poisson regression, risk difference and mortality multiplier methods could be applied to the Indian setting.ConclusionDespite significant challenges, it is possible to estimate influenza‐associated mortality in India.
Influenza‐associated mortality in South Africa, 2009‐2013: The importance of choices related to influenza infection proxies
Authors: Gul Desmond , Cohen Cheryl , Tempia Stefano , Newall Anthony T. , Muscatello David J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRegression modeling methods are commonly used to estimate influenza‐associated mortality using covariates such as laboratory‐confirmed influenza activity in the population as a proxy of influenza incidence.ObjectiveWe examined the choices of influenza proxies that can be used from influenza laboratory surveillance data and their impact on influenza‐associated mortality estimates.MethodSemiparametric generalized additive models with a smoothing spline were applied on national mortality data from South Africa and influenza surveillance data as covariates to obtain influenza‐associated mortality estimates from respiratory causes from 2009 to 2013. Proxies examined included alternative ways of expressing influenza laboratory surveillance data such as weekly or yearly proportion or rate of positive samples, using influenza subtypes, or total influenza data and expressing the data as influenza season‐specific or across all seasons.ResultBased on model fit, weekly proportion and influenza subtype‐specific proxy formulation provided the best fit. The choice of proxies used gave large differences to mortality estimates, but the 95% confidence interval of these estimates overlaps.ConclusionRegardless of proxy chosen, mortality estimates produced may be broadly consistent and not statistically significant for public health practice.
Risk factors for serious outcomes associated with influenza illness in high‐ versus low‐ and middle‐income countries: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coleman Brenda L. , Fadel Shaza A. , Fitzpatrick Tiffany , Thomas Sera‐Melisa 
Published: December 2017

AimTo determine factors associated with a serious outcome (hospital admission or severe outcome: critical care or death) and associated with illness caused by laboratory‐confirmed influenza, with a specific interest in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).MethodDatabases were searched on 11 March 2016 for reports of influenza and factors associated with mortality or morbidity in humans, with no language restrictions. Pooled risks were estimated using random‐effects models.ResultsDespite the heterogeneity of results across studies, known risk factors for serious disease were associated with both hospital admission and severe outcomes (critical care and/or death). InLMIC, but not in high income countries (HIC), pregnant women, people withHIV/AIDSand children < 5 years old (compared with older children) were at increased risk of a severe outcome. Also, although all patients with neurological conditions were at higher risk of severe outcomes than those without, children were at higher risk than adults and children who lived in aLMICwere at significantly higher risk than those living inHIC. Adults were more likely than children to suffer a severe outcome if they had diabetes or a hematologic condition, were obese or had liver disease. Asthma is a risk factor for hospital admission but not for severe outcomes.ConclusionKnown risk factors for serious disease remain important predictors of hospital admission and severe outcomes with few differences betweenHICandLMICcountries. These differences likely reflect differences in health‐seeking behaviours and health services, but high heterogeneity between studies limits conclusions about the effect size.
Methylation of OPRL1 mediates the effect of psychosocial stress on binge drinking in adolescents
Authors: Ruggeri Barbara , Macare Christine , Stopponi Serena , Jia Tianye , Carvalho Fabiana M. , Robert Gabriel , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L.W. , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Cattrell Anna , Conrod Patricia J. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Jürgen , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean Luc , Martinot Marie‐Laure Paillère , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos‐Orfanos Dimitri , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Smolka Michael N. , Vetter Nora C. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Bakalkin Georgy , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Schumann Gunter ,   the IMAGEN consortium
Published: December 2017

BackgroundNociceptin is a key regulator linking environmental stress and alcohol drinking. In a genome‐wide methylation analysis, we recently identified an association of a methylated region in the OPRL1 gene with alcohol‐use disorders.MethodsHere, we investigate the biological basis of this observation by analysing psychosocial stressors, methylation of the OPRL1 gene, brain response during reward anticipation and alcohol drinking in 660 fourteen‐year‐old adolescents of the IMAGEN study. We validate our findings in marchigian sardinian (msP) alcohol‐preferring rats that are genetically selected for increased alcohol drinking and stress sensitivity.ResultsWe found that low methylation levels in intron 1 of OPRL1 are associated with higher psychosocial stress and higher frequency of binge drinking, an effect mediated by OPRL1 methylation. In individuals with low methylation of OPRL1, frequency of binge drinking is associated with stronger BOLD response in the ventral striatum during reward anticipation. In msP rats, we found that stress results in increased alcohol intake and decreased methylation of OPRL1 in the nucleus accumbens.ConclusionsOur findings describe an epigenetic mechanism that helps to explain how psychosocial stress influences risky alcohol consumption and reward processing, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms underlying risk for substance abuse.
Practitioner Review: School refusal: developments in conceptualisation and treatment since 2000
Authors: Elliott Julian G. , Place Maurice 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundA generation has passed since the literature on the conceptualisation, assessment and treatment of school refusal was reviewed in this journal (Elliott, ). In the light of considerable gaps in the literature, identified at that time, and growing international interest, the current paper sought to identify progress subsequently made this century.MethodsWe open with discussion of continuing conceptual uncertainty as to whether school refusal should incorporate both truancy and absenteeism marked by anxiety and distress. We then consider progress in treatment, and conclude by examining prognosis and subsequent adult functioning. In selecting intervention studies for review, our primary focus has been upon RCTS, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.ResultsThe literature review indicates that, since the turn of the century, there has been little substantial advance in knowledge that can guide practitioners. Many of the issues raised in the 1999 paper, in particular, conceptual confusion over this heterogeneous condition, a dearth of rigorous RCT designs, limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms and uncertainty as to the long‐term effects of specific forms of intervention, are little clearer than before.ConclusionsWhile several sound publications are available to guide intervention for school refusal, there is a continuing need for rigorous studies that can provide evidence to support individualised and tailored responses to an incapacitating problem with many causes and manifestations. While a multisystemic response to intervention approach is considered attractive, the practicalities of operating this across disparate professional borders are likely to present a long‐term challenge.
Developmental stability of general and specific factors of psychopathology from early childhood to adolescence: dynamic mutualism or p‐differentiation?
Authors: McElroy Eoin , Belsky Jay , Carragher Natacha , Fearon Pasco , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRecent research indicates that the best‐fitting structural model of psychopathology includes a general factor capturing comorbidity (p) and several more specific, orthogonal factors. Little is known about the stability of these factors, although two opposing developmental processes have been proposed: dynamic mutualism suggests that symptom‐level interaction and reinforcement may lead to a strengthening of comorbidity (p) over time, whereas p‐differentiation suggests a general vulnerability to psychopathology that gives way to increasingly distinct patterns of symptoms over time. In order to test both processes, we examine two forms of developmental stability from ages 2 to 14 years: strength (i.e., consistency in the amount of variance explained by general and specific factors) and phenotypic stability (i.e., homotypic and heterotypic continuity).MethodsData are from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed nine times between ages 2 and 14 years (n = 1,253) using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by mothers. Confirmatory bifactor modeling was used to test structural models of psychopathology at each age. Consistency in strength was examined by calculating the Explained Common Variance (ECV) and phenotypic stability was investigated with cross‐lagged modeling of the general and specific factors.ResultsBifactor models fit the data well across this developmental period. ECV values were reasonably consistent across development, with the general factor accounting for the majority of shared variance (61%–71%). Evidence of both homotypic and heterotypic continuity emerged, with most heterotypic continuity involving the general factor, as it both predicted and was predicted by specific factors.ConclusionsA bifactor model effectively captures psychopathological comorbidity from early childhood through adolescence. The longitudinal associations between the general and specific factors provide evidence for both the hypothesized processes (dynamic mutualism and p‐differentiation) occurring through development.
Long‐term variability of sleep bruxism and psychological stress in patients with jaw‐muscle pain: Report of two longitudinal clinical cases
Authors: Muzalev K. , Visscher C. M. , Koutris M. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySleep bruxism (SB) and psychological stress are commonly considered as contributing factors in the aetiology of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. However, the lack of longitudinal studies and fluctuating nature of SB, psychological stress and TMD pain have led to contradictory results regarding the association between the possible aetiological factors and TMD pain. In the present study we investigated the contribution of SB and psychological stress to TMD pain in a longitudinal study of 2 clinical TMD pain cases during a 6‐week study protocol. Two female volunteers with clinically diagnosed myalgia based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to record jaw‐muscle pain and psychological stress experience, and an ambulatory polysomnography technique was used to record SB intensity. Visual analysis of the data revealed that the intensity of TMD pain was not hardwired, neither with psychological stress experience nor with increased SB activity. Within the limitations of single‐patient clinical cases design, our study suggested that the presence of TMD pain cannot be explained by a simple linear model which takes psychological stress or SB into account. It also seems that psychological stress was a more important predictor factor for TMD pain than SB.
Non‐cultivated grass hosts of yellow dwarf viruses in Ethiopia and their epidemiological consequences on cultivated cereals
Authors: Bekele Berhanu , Kumari Safaa , Ahmed Seid , Fininsa Chemeda , Yusuf Abdurazak , Abraham Adane 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe yellow dwarf (YD) disease complex epidemics in cultivated cereals grown in a specific period of the year mainly depend on the presence of potential reservoir alternative hosts harbouring both the viruses and the vectors over the off‐season and serve as a source of inoculum in subsequent cropping season, further spread being supported by efficient aphid vectors. As such, an extensive and intensive exploration to generate base line information on the identity and prevalence of YD viruses [barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV and BYDV‐SGV; cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)‐RPV; and maize yellow dwarf virus (MYDV)‐RMV] on wild annual and perennial grasses and forage cereals alternative hosts was conducted consecutively during 2013–2015 main‐ and short‐rainy seasons in cereals growing belts of Ethiopia. Random sampling was employed to collect the samples that were tested by the tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) to identify the YDVs associated with the hosts using a battery of virus‐specific polyclonal antibodies. Of 13,604 samples analysed, YDVs were detected in 392 (2.9%) samples, which consisted of various wild grasses, forage cereals and three cultivated crops. YDVs were identified from at least 26 grass species and forage cereals, some of them are new records, and some are previously documented hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of YDV infection of Andropogon abyssinicus (FresenR.Br. ex Fresen.) (BYDV‐PAV), Avena abyssinica Hochst (BYDV‐PAV), Bromus pectinatus Thunb. (BYDV‐PAV and BYDV‐MAV), Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter (BYDV‐PAV), Eragrostis sp. (BYDV‐PAV), Hyparrhenia anthistrioides Stapf. (BYDV‐PAV), Panicum coloratum L. (BYDV‐PAV), Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (BYDV‐PAV), Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem & Schult (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐SGV and MYDV‐RMV), Setaria australiensis (Scribn. & Merrill) Vickery (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV and CYDV‐RPV) and Snowdenia polystachya (Fresen.) Pilg (BYDV‐PAV, BYDV‐MAV, BYDV‐SGV, CYDV‐RPV and MYDV‐RMV).