bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between hope and depression in college students: A cross‐lagged regression analysis
Authors: li Zhihua , Wang Yi , Mao Xinjie , Yin Xiayun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between depression and two dimensions of hope (pathways thinking and agency thinking) in college students and explore the dynamics of the causal relationship between these variables.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted and included 381 college students. Hope and depression were measured using Snyder's State Hope Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale respectively, four times within a year (at 4‐month intervals), and cross‐lagged regression analysis was performed.ResultsThe bidirectional paths between pathways thinking and depression were highly significant. The paths from agency thinking to depression were non‐significant, but the paths from depression to agency thinking were significant.ConclusionThere was a significant bidirectional relationship between pathways thinking and depression. In addition, depression levels predicted levels of agency thinking, but levels of agency thinking did not predict depression levels. Therefore, interventions for depression should include strategies that assist individuals in the use of pathways thinking to establish specific routes via which to achieve their goals. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Super‐Absorbent Polymer Valves and Colorimetric Chemistries for Time‐Sequenced Discrete Sampling and Chloride Analysis of Sweat via Skin‐Mounted Soft Microfluidics
Authors: Kim Sung Bong , Zhang Yi , Won Sang Min , Bandodkar Amay J. , Sekine Yurina , Xue Yeguang , Koo Jahyun , Harshman Sean W. , Martin Jennifer A. , Park Jeong Min , Ray Tyler R. , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Choi Jungil , Pitsch Rhonda L. , Grigsby Claude C. , Strang Adam J. , Chen Yu‐Yu , Xu Shuai , Kim Jeonghyun , Koh Ahyeon , Ha Jeong Sook , Huang Yonggang , Kim Seung Wook , Rogers John A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces super absorbent polymer valves and colorimetric sensing reagents as enabling components of soft, skin‐mounted microfluidic devices designed to capture, store, and chemically analyze sweat released from eccrine glands. The valving technology enables robust means for guiding the flow of sweat from an inlet location into a collection of isolated reservoirs, in a well‐defined sequence. Analysis in these reservoirs involves a color responsive indicator of chloride concentration with a formulation tailored to offer stable operation with sensitivity optimized for the relevant physiological range. Evaluations on human subjects with comparisons against ex situ analysis illustrate the practical utility of these advances.
Using a Task Analysis Process for Reading and Writing Assignments
Authors: Philippakos Zoi A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProficient writers spend substantial time planning for writing, and that planning begins with analyzing the writing task. They spend time considering the topic, the audience and its needs, and the genre and form of the writing. This rhetorical analysis helps them set goals, orient their attention, and get organized. Task analysis can also help students navigate reading tasks and challenging combined reading–writing tasks. This teaching tip explains a process for critically reading and analyzing writing tasks, as well as combined reading–writing tasks, that can be immediately applied in teachers’ classrooms.
Intellectual property policies for solar geoengineering
Authors: Reynolds Jesse L. , Contreras Jorge L. , Sarnoff Joshua D. 
Published: February 2018

Governance of solar geoengineering is important and challenging, with particular concern arising from commercial actors’ involvement. Policies relating to intellectual property, including patents and trade secrets, and to data access will shape private actors’ behavior and regulate access to data and technologies. There has been little careful consideration of the possible roles of and interrelationships among commercial actors, intellectual property, and intellectual property policy. Despite the current low level of commercial activity and intellectual property rights in this domain, we expect both to grow as research and development continue. Given the public good nature of solar geoengineering, the relationship between the public and private sectors would likely assume a procurement structure. Innovative policy approaches to intellectual property and data access that are specific to solar geoengineering are warranted. These current circumstances also present opportunities for the development of policy and norms that might soon be lost. We consider some possible approaches, and recommend a bottom‐up, primarily nonstate, voluntary “research commons” for patents and data that are related to solar geoengineering. This would facilitate information sharing and limit data fragmentation and trade secrecy. It would also provide an incentive for commons members to pledge to limit some forms of intellectual property acquisition and to assure access on reasonable terms, thereby limiting the need for enforcement. This should help reduce downstream barriers to innovation and to encourage the potential development of technologies at reasonable cost. Such a research commons might also catalyze the adoption of best practices in research and development.This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
The Promise and Pitfalls of Facebook Advertising: a Genetic Counselor's Perspective
Authors: Verbrugge Jennifer , Rumbaugh Malia , Cook Lola , Schulze Jeanine , Miller Mandy , Heathers Laura , Arnedo Vanessa , Kuhl Maggie McGuire , Foroud Tatiana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFacebook advertising is a powerful tool for increasing the outreach and recruitment of research participants. We describe our experience as genetic counselors within the context of an internet‐based research study, recruiting subjects for a Parkinson disease (PD) biomarker study.
Optimization of fMRI methods to determine laterality of cortical activation during ankle movements of children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Hilderley A.J. , Taylor M.J. , Fehlings D. , Chen J.L. , Wright F.V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMeasurement of laterality of motor cortical activations may provide valuable information about lower limb control in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Evidence from upper limb research suggests that increased contralateral activity may accompany functional gains. However, lower limb areas of activation and associated changes have been underexplored due to challenges with imaging motor cortical leg representations. In this study, methods for a task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ankle dorsiflexion paradigm were refined with three pilot groups of participants: (i) adults (n = 5); (ii) typically developing (TD) children (n = 5) and; (iii) children with UCP (n = 4). Parameters of experimental design, task resistance, reproducibility, and pre‐scan procedures were tested/refined using a staged development approach with additions or changes introduced if image quality did not meet pre‐defined standards. When image quality was acceptable for two consecutive participants, the next participant group was recruited to test/refine the next parameter. The final paradigm involved an event‐related design of a single dorsiflexion movement against individualized resistance, with two runs per leg. It included a pre‐scan session to increase child comfort and determine task resistance. This paradigm produced valid data for laterality index (LI) calculations to determine the ratio of activity in each hemisphere. Ventricle and lesion masks were used in non‐linear image registration, and individual thresholds were used for extent‐based LI calculations. LI of dominant ankle movements were contralateral (LI ≥ +0.2) for TD children (mean LI = +0.89, std = 0.27) and children with UCP (mean LI = +0.86, std = 0.26). For the affected ankle of children with UCP, LI values indicated ipsilateral and/or contralateral activation (mean LI = +0.02, std = 0.71, range −0.92 to +1.00). This fMRI paradigm will support investigations of cortical activation and mechanisms of skill improvement following lower limb interventions.
Social Information Processing and Aggravation of Conduct in Young Offenders
Authors: Franco Mariana Guedes de Oliveira , Bazon Marina Rezende 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated the differences in patterns of social information processing (SIP) among adolescents with two trajectories of offending: group 1 (G1) composed of adolescents with atrajectory of major persistent offenses, which includes illegal acts considered violent; group 2 (G2) composed of individuals with a trajectory ofminor persistent offenses, in which there is no escalation of the gravity of the offenses; and a comparison group (G3) with adolescents without involvement in offenses. SIP is one of the theoretical models most widely evoked to study and explain violent behavior in children/adolescents, in regarding the psychological processes that underlie behavior, specifically the cognitive nature. The participants answered a self-report delinquency interview and a SIP measure protocol. The results showed differences between the groups of offenders (G1 and G2) and the comparison group (G3) on the SIP pattern related to the competent responses. G1 and G2 revealed a SIP pattern poorly associated with socially competent behavior. However, G1 presented an SIP pattern more associated with the emission of aggressive behaviors. This pattern, although also present in G2, is more evident for those adolescents who reported committing crimes with the use of violence against people.
Medical Liability for Trafficking in Persons for the Purpose of Human Experimentation: International Standards and Comparative Models from Arab Jurisdictions
Authors: Mattar Mohamed Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConducting experiments on humans may subject them to abuse and exploitation. The international community has developed principles, rules and norms that provide for safeguards against exploitative human experimentation. Recruiting a person by illegal means for illicit purposes has been criminalized as human trafficking. This article attempts, for the first time, to address human experimentation as a form of human trafficking. The article advocates for an expansive definition of the concept of human trafficking to include not only sex or labor but also medical or scientific tests that are conducted in violation of the law, also arguing that the international medical ethical principles, rules and norms may be more appropriately analyzed by using the three basic elements of a case of human trafficking, namely: (a) absence of consent; (b) abuse of a position of vulnerability; and (c) exploitation.
The effects of irregular shape on the particle stress of dilute suspensions
Authors: Daghooghi Mohsen , Borazjani Iman 
Published: February 2018

The irregular shape of particles in suspensions is typically approximated by simple geometries such as spheres or ellipsoids. We investigate the accuracy of such an approximation by comparing two irregular-shaped particles with different initial orientations against their equivalent spheroids in dilute volume fractions. Our results show that the average shear particle stress (and also intrinsic viscosity) of irregular particles can be 20 %–120 % higher than the maximum value of their geometric or kinematic equivalent spheroidal particles, and closer to spheroids with higher aspect ratios. We found that two geometric factors of an irregular shape, i.e., dimensionless surface-to-volume ratio and moment of inertia per unit volume (non-dimensionalized by the one-half the largest diameter of the particle), are correlated with the particle stress. In fact, the shear particle stress of a ring-shaped particle, which has a very large value of these factors, is five times larger than its equivalent spheroid. The correlation of these geometric factors with particle stress is further confirmed by considering two families of shapes (cylinder- and sphere-like particles). We also found that acceleration stress and especially Reynolds stress (stress mechanisms due to inertia) can have average values comparable to the stresslet term and effectively increase and decrease the absolute value of the first normal stress difference $N_{1}$ and second normal stress difference $N_{2}$, respectively. However, their contribution to the shear particle stress is negligible. Our results pave the way to define better equivalent particles for irregular ones.
Capital, Market, and Labour in the Western Cape Winelands c.1900: Agricultural Capitalism?
Authors: Olsson Lars 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article is a case study of the political economy of the Western Cape Winelands c.1900. The analysis covers three intertwined processes that were crucial for the advance of a capitalist mode of production: the making of capital, the making of a commodity market, and the making of a labouring class. The making of capital was achieved after the mid-1800s. However, even at the end of the century, the market for Cape wines and the making of a labouring class remained obstacles to the advance of capitalism. Some wealthy farm owners, though, were about to overcome these obstacles. A small group of them were of old Afrikaner origin, while others, mostly investor capitalists of British origin, were quite successful in establishing a capitalist mode of production on their wine farms. In particular, drawing on a vast array of primary sources, we discuss the many labour recruitment programmes that were organized as private and state initiatives.
A Meta-Analytic Re-Appraisal of the Framing Effect
Authors: Steiger Alexander , Kühberger Anton 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We reevaluated and reanalyzed the data of Kühberger’s (1998) meta-analysis on framing effects in risky decision making by using p-curve. This method uses the distribution of only significant p-values to correct the effect size, thus taking publication bias into account. We found a corrected overall effect size of d = 0.52, which is considerably higher than the effect reported by Kühberger (d = 0.31). Similarly to the original analysis, most moderators proved to be effective, indicating that there is not the risky-choice framing effect. Rather, the effect size varies with different manipulations of the framing task. Taken together, the p-curve analysis shows that there are reliable risky-choice framing effects, and that there is no evidence of intense p-hacking. Comparing the corrected estimate to the effect size reported in the Many Labs Replication Project (MLRP) on gain-loss framing (d = 0.60) shows that the two estimates are surprisingly similar in size. Finally, we conducted a new meta-analysis of risk framing experiments published in 2016 and again found a similar effect size (d = 0.56). Thus, although there is discussion on the adequate explanation for framing effects, there is no doubt about their existence: risky-choice framing effects are highly reliable and robust. No replicability crisis there.
Upregulation of kinesin family member 4A enhanced cell proliferation via activation of Akt signaling and predicted a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yanlin , Wang Hongbo , Lian Yifan , Wu Xiaojuan , Zhou Liang , Wang Jialiang , Deng Meihai , Huang Yuehua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the molecular pathogenesis and development of HCC are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that KIF4A expression was upregulated in HCC (678 samples, P = 2.03E-8) based on a meta-analysis of Oncomine database. We further confirmed that both KIF4A mRNA and protein expressions were overexpressed in human HCC tumour tissues as well as cancer cell lines. Higher KIF4A expression was correlated with poorer overall survival (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.0337) in HCC patients. We constructed in vitro KIF4A overexpression and depletion HCC cell models. KIF4A overexpression significantly enhanced cellular proliferation and clonogenic abilities, whereas KIF4A depletion caused a dramatic increase of cells with abnormal chromosome segregation and subsequently resulted in augmentation of apoptosis in HCC cells. In addition, we demonstrated that KIF4A depletion was related to inhibition of Akt kinase activity and induction of intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. Taken together, KIF4A may act as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in human HCC.
IL-6 potentiates BMP-2-induced osteogenesis and adipogenesis via two different BMPR1A-mediated pathways
Authors: Huang Ru-Lin , Sun Yangbai , Ho Chia-Kang , Liu Kai , Tang Qi-Qun , Xie Yun , Li Qingfeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is widely used in the clinic for bone defect reconstruction because of its powerful osteoinductive capacity. However, commercially available rhBMP-2 requires a high concentration in the clinical setting for consistent bone formation. A high dose of rhBMP-2 induces a promising bone formation yield but also leads to inflammation-related events, deteriorated bone quality, and fatty tissue formation. We hypothesize that the seemingly contradictory phenomenon of coformation of new bone and excessive adipose tissue in rhBMP-2-induced bone voids may be associated with interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is significantly elevated after application of rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS). Here, we show that IL-6 injection enhances new bone regeneration and induces excessive adipose tissue formation in an rhBMP-2/ACS-induced ectopic bone formation model in rats. In vitro data further show that IL-6 and its soluble receptor sIL-6R synergistically augment rhBMP-2-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human BMSCs (hBMSCs) by promoting cell surface translocation of BMPR1A and then amplifying BMPR1A-mediated BMP/Smad and p38 MAPK pathways, respectively. Our study suggests elevated IL-6 may be responsible for coformation of new bone and excessive adipose tissue in rhBMP-2-induced bone voids.
Mixed lineage kinase ZAK promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cancer progression
Authors: Li Linna , Su Ning , Zhou Ting , Zheng Dayong , Wang Zheng , Chen Haoyu , Yuan Shoujun , Li Wenliang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractZAK, a mixed lineage kinase, is often described as a positive or negative regulator of cell growth. We identified it as one of the top hits in our kinome cDNA screen for potent regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ectopic expression of ZAK promoted EMT phenotypes and apoptosis resistance in multiple epithelial cell lines, while having different impacts on cell growth in different cell lines. Conversely, depletion of ZAK in aggressive mesenchymal cancer cells reversed EMT phenotypes, increased sensitivity to conventional cytotoxic drugs, and attenuated bone metastasis potential, with little impact on primary tumor growth. Mechanistically, ZAK-mediated EMT is associated with activation of ZEB1 and suppression of epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs), which results in a switch in CD44 expression from the epithelial CD44v8–9 isoform to the mesenchymal CD44s isoform. Of note, transcriptomic analysis showed that ZAK overexpression is significantly associated with poor survival in a number of human cancer types. Tissue microarray analysis on breast invasive carcinoma further supported that ZAK overexpression is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival in breast cancer. Through combination with ZAK, prognostic accuracy of other common clinicopathological markers in breast cancer is improved by up to 21%. Taken together, these results suggest that promoting EMT is the primary role for ZAK in cancer progression. They also highlight its potential as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients, and suggest its promise as a therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis and overcoming drug resistance.
CD24–p53 axis suppresses diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis by sustaining intrahepatic macrophages
Authors: Li Dongling , Hu Minling , Liu Ying , Ye Peiying , Du Peishuang , Li Chi-Shan , Cheng Liang , Liu Ping , Jiang Jing , Su Lishan , Wang Shengdian , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is generally assumed that inflammation following diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment promotes development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the activity of intrahepatic macrophages. However, the tumor-promoting function of macrophages in the model has not been confirmed by either macrophage depletion or selective gene depletion in macrophages. Here we show that targeted mutation of Cd24 dramatically increased HCC burden while reducing intrahepatic macrophages and DEN-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Depletion of macrophages also increased HCC burden and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, thus establishing macrophages as an innate effector recognizing DEN-induced damaged hepatocytes. Mechanistically, Cd24 deficiency increased the levels of p53 in macrophages, resulting in their depletion in Cd24−/− mice following DEN treatment. These data demonstrate that the Cd24–p53 axis maintains intrahepatic macrophages, which can remove hepatocytes with DNA damage. Our data establish a critical role for macrophages in suppressing HCC development and call for an appraisal of the current dogma that intrahepatic macrophages promote HCC development.
High-throughput immune repertoire analysis with IGoR
Authors: Marcou Quentin , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh-throughput immune repertoire sequencing is promising to lead to new statistical diagnostic tools for medicine and biology. Successful implementations of these methods require a correct characterization, analysis, and interpretation of these data sets. We present IGoR (Inference and Generation Of Repertoires)—a comprehensive tool that takes B or T cell receptor sequence reads and quantitatively characterizes the statistics of receptor generation from both cDNA and gDNA. It probabilistically annotates sequences and its modular structure can be used to investigate models of increasing biological complexity for different organisms. For B cells, IGoR returns the hypermutation statistics, which we use to reveal co-localization of hypermutations along the sequence. We demonstrate that IGoR outperforms existing tools in accuracy and estimate the sample sizes needed for reliable repertoire characterization.