bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via a One‐Pot Metal‐Free Strategy.
Authors: Wei Hongbo , Li Yun , Xiao Ke , Cheng Bin , Wang Huifei , Hu Lin , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA cascade consisting of a Wittig reaction, a Staudinger reaction between propargyl azide and triphenylphosphine followed by an aza‐Wittig reaction with subsequent 6π‐3‐azatriene electrocyclization and 1,3‐H shift furnishes polysubstituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Pyrimidin‐2‐yl Phosphates Using Amines and Thiols as Nucleophiles Mediated by PEG‐400 as an Environmentally Friendly Solvent.
Authors: Xing Ting , Wei Kai‐Jie , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple, rapid and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of C‐2 substituted pyrimidines under catalyst‐, base‐, and ligand‐free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Azine and Diazine Functionalization Using 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidino‐Based Lithium—Metal Combinations: Application to the Synthesis of 5,9‐Disubstituted Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐c]pyrimidines.
Authors: Marquise Nada , Nguyen Tan Tai , Chevallier Floris , Picot Laurent , Thiery Valerie , Lozach Olivier , Bach Stephane , Ruchaud Sandrine , Mongin Florence 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe title compounds show moderate antiproliferative activity and low kinase inhibition in melanoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlojapolactone A, an Unprecedented 1,3‐Dioxolane Linked‐Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Dimer from Chloranthus japonicus.
Authors: Guo Yan‐Qiong , Tang Gui‐Hua , Li Zhen‐Zhen , Lin Shu‐Ling , Yin Sheng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe title compound shows nitric oxide production inhibitory activity: IC50 = 14.87 μM (comparable to quercetin).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Pure (S)‐2‐Amino‐5‐arylpent‐4‐ynoic Acids by Sonogashira Reactions and Their Potential Use as Highly Selective Potent Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al.  
Published: April 2016

AbstractA Ni complex is prepared and then arylated via a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction.
Spectroscopic Investigation on the Primary Photoreaction of Bathy Phytochrome Agp2‐Pr of Agrobacterium fabrum: Isomerization in a pH‐dependent H‐bond Network
Authors: Singer Patrick , Wörner Sybille , Lamparter Tilman , Diller Rolf 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBathy phytochrome Agp2 from Agrobacterium fabrum exhibits an unusually low pKa=7.6 in the Pr state in contrast to a pKa>11 in the Pfr state, indicating a pH‐dependent charge distribution and H‐bond network in the Pr chromophore binding pocket around neutral pH. Here, we report on ultrafast UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy of the primary Pr photoisomerization of Agp2 at pH 6 and pH 9 and upon H2O/D2O buffer exchange. The triexponential Pr kinetics slows down at increased pH and pronounced pH‐dependent kinetic isotope effects are observed. The results on the Pr photoreaction suggest: 1) component‐wise hindered dynamics on the chromophore excited‐state potential energy surface at high pH and 2) proton translocation processes either via single‐proton transfer or via significant reorganization of H‐bond networks. Both effects reflect the interplay between the pH‐dependent charge distribution in the Pr chromophore binding pocket on the one hand and chromophore excitation and its Z→E isomerization on the other hand.
Selective Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfuraldehyde Using Cp*Ir Catalysts in Aqueous Formate Buffer Solution
Authors: Wu Wei‐Peng , Xu Yong‐Jian , Zhu Rui , Cui Min‐Shu , Li Xing‐Long , Deng Jin , Fu Yao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe highly selective hydrogenation/hydrolytic ring‐opening reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (5‐HMF) was catalyzed by homogeneous Cp*IrIII half‐sandwich complexes to produce 1‐hydroxy‐2,5‐hexanedione (HHD). Adjustment of pH was found to regulate the distribution of products and reaction selectivity, and full conversion of 5‐HMF to HHD with 99 % selectivity was achieved at pH 2.5. A mechanistic study revealed that the hydrolysis/ring‐opening reaction of 2,5‐bis‐(hydroxymethyl)furan is the important intermediate reaction step. In addition, an isolated yield of 85 % for HHD was obtained in a 10 g‐scale experiment, and the reaction with fructose as the starting material also led to a 98 % GC yield (71.9 % to fructose) of HHD owing to the excellent tolerance of the catalyst under acidic conditions.
Improved Electrodes for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: Zamora Héctor , Plaza Jorge , Cañizares Pablo , Lobato Justo , Rodrigo Manuel A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work evaluates the use of carbon nanospheres (CNS) in microporous layers (MPL) of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) electrodes and compares the characteristics and performance with those obtained using conventional MPL based on carbon black. XRD, hydrophobicity, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory, and gas permeability of MPL prepared with CNS were the parameters evaluated. In addition, a short life test in a fuel cell was carried out to evaluate performance under accelerated stress conditions. The results demonstrate that CNS is a promising alternative to traditional carbonaceous materials because of its high electrochemical stability and good electrical conductivity, suitable to be used in this technology.
Labeling nanoparticles: Dye leakage and altered cellular uptake
Authors: Snipstad Sofie , Hak Sjoerd , Baghirov Habib , Sulheim Einar , Mørch Ýrr , Lélu Sylvie , von Haartman Eva , Bäck Marcus , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Klymchenko Andrey S. , de Lange Davies Catharina , Åslund Andreas K. O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) is often studied by tracing the NPs with fluorescent dyes. This requires stable incorporation of dyes within the NPs, as dye leakage may give a wrong interpretation of NP biodistribution, cellular uptake, and intracellular distribution. Furthermore, NP labeling with trace amounts of dye should not alter NP properties such as interactions with cells or tissues. To allow for versatile NP studies with a variety of fluorescence‐based assays, labeling of NPs with different dyes is desirable. Hence, when new dyes are introduced, simple and fast screening methods to assess labeling stability and NP–cell interactions are needed. For this purpose, we have used a previously described generic flow cytometry assay; incubation of cells with NPs at 4 and 37°C. Cell–NP interaction is confirmed by cellular fluorescence after 37°C incubation, and NP‐dye retention is confirmed when no cellular fluorescence is detected at 4°C. Three different NP‐platforms labeled with six different dyes were screened, and a great variability in dye retention was observed. Surprisingly, incorporation of trace amounts of certain dyes was found to reduce or even inhibit NP uptake. This work highlights the importance of thoroughly evaluating every dye–NP combination before pursuing NP‐based applications. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A blind signal‐to‐jamming‐plus‐noise ratio estimation based on second‐order cyclostationarity under typical tone‐jamming and its CRLB
Authors: Yao Fuqiang , Gao Zezhong , Niu Yingtao , Li Yonggui 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a blind signal‐to‐jamming‐plus‐noise ratio (SJNR) estimation under typical tone‐jamming is proposed in a Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the differences among communication signal, jamming, and noise in cyclostationarity, the proposed algorithm obtained SJNR values by using different parts of the cyclic autocorrelation matrix of received signals and applying the minimum square error (MSE) method to estimate the communication signal power and jamming‐plus‐noise power, respectively. Through deriving the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the SJNR estimation, the normalized MSE performance is examined. Simulation results show that the proposed estimation performs better than the subspace‐based eigenvalue decomposition estimation on a normalized estimation bias, and its normalized MSE performance is also closer to CRLB. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verification of Characteristics of a Boost‐Type Matrix Converter for a Three‐Phase Four‐Wire System
Authors: HIROKADO KEIICHIRO , YAMAMURA NAOKI , ISHIDA MUNEAKI 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThis paper describes an improvement to the control method of a boost‐type matrix converter (MC) for a three‐phase four‐wire system. The system is intended for use in a stand‐alone power source with a constant voltage and frequency. However, the conventional method is not able to control the output voltage with a low power‐factor load. To resolve this problem, we propose a new control method by using a MC and revising the conventional control method.
Nanostructure Restoration of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode upon Incorporation of Nafion for Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lee Pui Mun , Ng Hai Woon , Lim Ju Dy , Khun Nay Win , Chen Zhong , Liu Erjia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHigh performance reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐Nafion (N) thin film electrodes coated on silicon (Si) substrates (RGO‐N/Si) were successfully developed through thermal reduction of GO‐N without delamination from the substrates. The restoration of the RGO‐N nanostructure upon the addition of Nafion was proven by Raman spectroscopy (RS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the restoration mechanism of the RGO‐N nanostructure was proposed. Through the investigation using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the polyfluorocarbon from Nafion possessed a function that could prevent the delamination of the RGO sheets from the substrates during the thermal reduction. The RGO‐N/Si samples were later used for the determination of trace heavy metals, such as divalent lead, cadmium and copper ions (Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 5). Based on the electroanalytical measurements, the RGO‐N/Si samples exhibited a highly linear behavior in the detection of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ over the concentration range of 50 nM to 300 nM with detection limits at nM levels. In addition, the RGO‐N/Si samples presented good recoveries of target metals in tap water samples.
A review of classical dimensionless numbers for the Yusa problem based on discriminated non‐dimensionalization of the governing equations
Authors: Cánovas M. , Alhama I. , Trigueros E. , Alhama F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhen the governing equations of a problem are known, the non‐dimensionalization of these equations (applied in their classical form) is a useful and widely used method that can be used to identify the dimensionless groups that rule the solution. However, neither this technique nor dimensional analysis necessarily provides the most precise solution in terms of the sought numbers. The use of discrimination, a qualitative rather than quantitative extension of the non‐dimensionalization method, has demonstrated notable advantages over the classical method because it invariably provides a more precise set of dimensionless groups. The basis for the correct application of discrimination depends on a deep understanding of the phenomena involved in the problem, particularly in complex (coupled) problems. In this paper, discriminated non‐dimensionalization is applied to investigate a mixed convection problem in porous media, the Yusa problem. The derived discriminate groups are compared with those already known in the literature and deduced by classical methods. A number of scenarios are numerically solved to check the reliability of the discriminated groups in contrast with classical groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Assay Selection on Prothrombin Time Measured in Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shimomura Daiki , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kondo Hirokazu , Tamura Toshihiro , Amano Masashi , Enomoto Soichiro , Onishi Naoaki , Tamaki Yodo , Miyake Makoto , Kaitani Kazuaki , Izumi Chisato , Fukuda Aya , Nakamura Fumihiko , Kawano Seiji 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundProthrombin time (PT) can provide a qualitative assessment of the relative intensity of anticoagulation by rivaroxaban. More than ten types of assay are available for the measurement of PT in clinical settings, but it is not yet fully understood whether their interactions with rivaroxaban are uniform or inconsistent.MethodsWe examined 139 blood samples from patients taking rivaroxaban. We measured PT using five different commercially available assays. We also evaluated the estimated rivaroxaban concentration using a chromogenic anti‐factor Xa assay.ResultsThe median estimated concentration of rivaroxaban was 192 ng/ml (interquartile range 85–284 ng/ml). The correlation coefficient (r) between PT and the estimated concentrations of rivaroxaban was as follows: Thromborel S, r = 0.768; Thrombocheck PT, r = 0.861; Coagpia PT‐N, r = 0.909; Neoplastin Plus, r = 0.882; and Triniclot PT Excel S, r = 0.870. The gradients of the regression plots differed more than fourfold, and the standard deviation of the regression line ranged from 1.001 to 2.980, which tended to be higher for the assays with the higher regression slope gradients.ConclusionThe estimated concentration of rivaroxaban varied greatly depending on the assay, so the PT measured in patients taking rivaroxaban should be interpreted with caution.
Common Salivary Protein 1 in Serum of Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang HongTao , Heo Seok‐Mo , Jin Heung Yong , Choi Eui Yul , Oh Sang Wook 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundRecently, the human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) was identified as an ortholog of the Demilune cell and parotid protein of mouse. However, its function remains to be determined. Here, we show that the serum CSP1 concentration of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is much higher than that of healthy controls.MethodsRecombinant human CSP1 was expressed as a Glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐tagged protein, and the purified fusion protein was used as an immunogen to generate monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CSP1. The produced mAb was tested as a probe in Western blotting of human saliva and in immunohistochemistry of various human tissues. The serum CSP1 levels of 31 DM patients and 38 normal adults were quantified by a house‐fabricated CSP1 sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system.ResultsImmunoblot analysis by mAb‐hCSP1#4 showed that CSP1 in human saliva exists in a 27 kDa glycosylated form. Among the various human tissues tested, the salivary gland was the only tissue stained with mAb‐hCSP1#4 by immunohistochemistry. Quantification of serum CSP1 concentration by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th–75th percentile) of DM patients and healthy adults were 22.2 (15.8–28.2) and 3.2 (0–11.4), respectively. Student's t‐test results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe significant difference between the CSP1 levels of the two groups indicated that CSP1 would be a potential biomarker for detection or screening of DM patients.
Impact of an Institutional Change in Prothrombin Time Methodology on INR and MELD Scores in Liver Transplant Evaluations
Authors: Kumral Dennis , Caldwell Stephen H. , Argo Curtis K. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAllocation of liver grafts based on the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) has been questioned because the prothrombin time (PT) measurement in cirrhosis patients changes with different commercially available thromboplastin reagents due to variations in the international sensitivity index (ISI). Our hospital laboratory electively changed the thromboplastin used in the PT/INR from PT‐HS (ISI of 1.464) to Recombiplastin (ISI of 0.870). Theoretically, this change may yield lower INR and MELD scores in cirrhosis patients at our institution and thus impact access to organs.Methods27 patients listed for liver transplant prior to change in thromboplastin (Cohort A) were compared to 36 patients listed after the change (Cohort B).ResultsPatients in Cohort A had a mean INR of 1.41 and mean MELD of 13.9 compared to Cohort B with a mean INR of 1.39 and mean MELD of 13.8. Student's t‐tests showed no statistically significant difference in INR (p = 0.799) or MELD (p = 0.955) between cohorts.ConclusionWe expected overall INR and MELD scores to decrease following the change to a thromboplastin with a lower ISI. On the contrary, we found no evidence of a major trend in these values supporting the relative robustness of the MELD.
An Improved PCR‐RFLP Assay for the Detection of a Polymorphism rs2289487 of PLIN1 Gene
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Wang Sihua , Duan Xiaoran , Li Chunyang , Yan Zhen , Feng Feifei , Yu Songcheng , Wu Yongjun , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIn recent research, it has been shown that rs2289487 within the PLIN1 gene has different variants that have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases. However, the isochizomers such as the BsmI enzyme required for detection of this polymorphism through polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method are expensive. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel PCR‐RFLP method for identifying the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs2289487 of PLIN1 gene.MethodsA new restriction enzyme site was created through created restriction site PCR. In the forward primer, a deoxynucleotide A was substituted with C, and after PCR a new restriction enzyme site for BstUI was introduced into the PCR products. A total of 108 samples from Han Chinese were tested to evaluate this new method.ResultsAllele frequencies in the Asian population were 0.326 for allele A and 0.674 for allele G, and the genotype frequencies were 12.8% for AA, 39.5% for AG, and 47.7% for GG.ConclusionThe PCR‐RFLP with new site for detecting the SNP of rs2289487 is an improved method with low cost and high accuracy.
Relationship Between Serum High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein and Myocardial Infarction in a General Japanese Population
Authors: Sugiyama Teruyuki , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Kotani Kazuhiko , Gotoh Tadao , Itoh Yoshihisa , Kayaba Kazunori , Kajii Eiji 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundDue to ethic differences in its serum levels, clinical applicability of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) to the primary prevention of atherosclerotic events has not completely been established in Japanese people whose hsCRP levels are lower than in Western people. This study investigated the relationship between hsCRP and myocardial infarction (MI) in general Japanese people.MethodsIn relation to hsCRP, the incidence of MI was determined in a multiregional population‐based prospective cohort study (n = 6,637; mean age 54.9 years; 2,513 men/4,124 women).ResultsFifty‐six cases of MI were confirmed during a follow‐up period of 10.7 years. The cut‐off levels of hsCRP between the highest quartile (fourth quartile) and the other quartiles combined were 0.368 mg/l in men and 0.279 mg/l in women. The hazard ratio (HR) of the highest quartile for MI was significantly greater than that of the other quartiles combined (multivariate‐adjusted HR: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–4.15) in men, but not in women (1.03, 0.35–2.21).ConclusionsIn this population, serum hsCRP measurement predicted MI in men, but not in women. Under the low hsCRP level, a method of applicability of hsCRP to a risk assessment for preventing MI among Japanese people should be further explored.
Causative Agents of Onychomycosis: A 7‐Year Study
Authors: Chadeganipour Mostafa , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOnychomycosis is principally caused by dermatophyte species, but nondermatophyte molds and yeasts have also been involved, causing different clinical manifestations. The aim of this investigation is to determine the clinicomycological and epidemiological profile of the etiologic agents of onychomycosis.MethodsThe study population included 9,785 suspected cases of onychomycosis referred to the Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory in Isfahan, Iran, during 2007–2014. Nail clipping was collected in sterile Petri dishes for direct microscopic examination and culture. Clinical isolates were identified by using phenotypic tests and molecular techniques.ResultsOf total 9,785 cases with clinical suspicion of onychomycosis comprised in the present study, 1,284 patients (13.1%) were positive by direct microscopy. Age range of patients was between 1 and 82 years. Housewives were the commonest infected population. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated from patients in this study (34.9%) followed by Trichophyton interdigitale (11.7%) and Aspergillus flavus (9.1%).ConclusionThe pattern of causative agents and clinical signs of onychomycosis is altering region to region, so repeated epidemiological surveys of onychomycosis seems to be fundamental. The present study provides novel and appropriate epidemiologic data of onychomycosis for the better prevention and treatment of this fungal infection.
Comparing the Natural and Anthropogenic Sodium Channel Blockers Tetrodotoxin and Indoxacarb in Garter Snakes
Authors: Neuman‐Lee Lorin A. , Brodie Edmund D. , Hansen Tyler , Brodie Edmund D. , French Susannah S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTSynthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, are used in a variety of ways in the agricultural industry. Anthropogenic chemicals pose a unique challenge to organisms because of the lack of evolutionary history between the chemical and the organism. However, research has shown that some organisms have a resistance to these synthetic chemicals due to their evolved resistance to a natural compound with a similar structure or mode of action. Indoxacarb (INDOX) is a relatively new pesticide with a similar mode of action to that of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Tetrodotoxin is a naturally occurring toxin that is used as an antipredator defense in the rough‐skinned newt (Taricha granulosa). Some populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) have developed a resistance to tetrodotoxin. Here, we investigated the correlation between TTX and INDOX resistance in snakes. We hypothesized that INDOX would induce a much higher stress response than the naturally occurring TTX. We injected each snake with tetrodotoxin (1 mass‐adjusted mouse unit). We did the same with mass‐adjusted units of INDOX. We measured corticosterone, testosterone, and bactericidal ability. Our results show an acute stress response to INDOX, but not TTX through an elevate corticosterone and innate immune response, although there was no difference in testosterone concentration. These results suggest that, although INDOX may have a similar mechanism of action, garter snakes do not react in a similar manner as to TTX. This research gives a physiological perspective on the differences between naturally occurring compounds and synthetic compounds.