bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home nursing care with the self‐care model improves self‐efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bal Özkaptan Bilge , Kapucu Sevgisun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis study was carried out as an intervention study to determine the effect of nursing care provided at home with the self‐care model on the self‐efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in northern Turkey.MethodsThe study sample totaled 106 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease divided into two groups. The intervention group and the control group each included 53 patients. To collect data, the patient data sheet, Orem's self‐care model‐based data collection form, symptom evaluation form, Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale (CSES) were used. The nursing care applied for the intervention group consisted of four visits, two during the first month and two for the next 2 months. An educational guidebook was distributed to the intervention group during the first visit, and at all visits, education, care, and supervision were provided according to the care plan. All data were analyzed with the number, percentage, χ2‐test, Kruskal‐Wallis H test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe dyspnea level measured at the last visit for the control group was high compared with the intervention group (P < 0.05). The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐efficacy scale scores for subscale dimensions at the last visit and the general score for the intervention group were high compared with the first visit scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the study results, home nursing care based on the Orem's self‐care model is effective in improving self‐efficacy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thermomechanical evolution of the high‐grade core in the nappe zone of Variscan Sardinia, Italy: the role of shear deformation and granite emplacement
Authors: Cruciani G. , Franceschelli M. , Massonne H.‐J. , Musumeci G. , Spano M. E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the nappe zone of the Sardinian Variscan chain, the deformation and metamorphic grade increase throughout the tectonic nappe stack from lower greenschist to upper amphibolite facies conditions in the deepest nappe, the Monte Grighini Unit. A synthesis of petrological, structural and radiometric data is presented that allows us to constrain the thermal and mechanical evolution of this unit. Carboniferous subduction under a low geothermal gradient (~490–570 °C GPa−1) was followed by exhumation accompanied by heating and Late Carboniferous magma emplacement at a high apparent geothermal gradient (~1200–1450 °C GPa−1). Exhumation coeval with nappe stacking was closely followed by activity on a ductile strike‐slip shear zone that accommodated magma intrusion and enabled the final exhumation of the Monte Grighini Unit to upper crustal levels. The reconstructed thermo‐mechanical evolution allows a more complete understanding of the Variscan orogenic wedge in central Sardinia. As a result we are able to confirm a diachronous evolution of metamorphic and tectonic events from the inner axial zone to the outer nappe zone, with the Late Variscan low‐P/high‐T metamorphism and crustal anatexis as a common feature across the Sardinian portion of the Variscan orogen.
Ultra‐thin resin embedding method for scanning electron microscopy of individual cells on high and low aspect ratio 3D nanostructures
Authors: BELU A. , SCHNITKER J. , BERTAZZO S. , NEUMANN E. , MAYER D. , OFFENHÄUSSER A. , SANTORO F. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe preparation of biological cells for either scanning or transmission electron microscopy requires a complex process of fixation, dehydration and drying. Critical point drying is commonly used for samples investigated with a scanning electron beam, whereas resin‐infiltration is typically used for transmission electron microscopy. Critical point drying may cause cracks at the cellular surface and a sponge‐like morphology of nondistinguishable intracellular compartments. Resin‐infiltrated biological samples result in a solid block of resin, which can be further processed by mechanical sectioning, however that does not allow a top view examination of small cell–cell and cell–surface contacts. Here, we propose a method for removing resin excess on biological samples before effective polymerization. In this way the cells result to be embedded in an ultra‐thin layer of epoxy resin. This novel method highlights in contrast to standard methods the imaging of individual cells not only on nanostructured planar surfaces but also on topologically challenging substrates with high aspect ratio three‐dimensional features by scanning electron microscopy.
Photo‐convertible fluorescent proteins as tools for fresh insights on subcellular interactions in plants
Authors: GRIFFITHS N. , JAIPARGAS E.‐A. , WOZNY M.R. , BARTON K.A. , MATHUR N. , DELFOSSE K. , MATHUR J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryOptical highlighters comprise photo‐activatable, photo‐switchable and photo‐convertible fluorescent proteins and are relatively recent additions to the toolbox utilized for live cell imaging research. Here, we provide an overview of four photo‐convertible fluorescent proteins (pcFP) that are being used in plant cell research: Eos, Kaede, Maple and Dendra2. Each of these proteins has a significant advantage over other optical highlighters since their green fluorescent nonconverted forms and red fluorescent converted forms are generally clearly visible at expression levels that do not appear to interfere with subcellular dynamics and plant development. These proteins have become increasingly useful for understanding the role of transient and sustained interactions between similar organelles. Tracking of single organelles after green‐to‐red conversion has provided novel insights on plastids and their stroma‐filled extensions and on the formation of mega‐mitochondria. Similarly colour recovery after photo‐conversion has permitted the estimation of nuclear endo‐reduplication events and is being developed further to image protein trafficking within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. We have also applied photo‐convertible proteins to create colour‐differentiation between similar cell types to follow their development. Both the green and red fluorescent forms of these proteins are compatible with other commonly used single coloured FPs. This has allowed us to develop simultaneous visualization schemes for up to five types of organelles and investigate organelle interactivity. The advantages and caveats associated with the use of photo‐convertible fluorescent proteins are discussed.
Systematic review: what interventions improve dignity for older patients in hospital?
Authors: Zahran Zainab , Tauber Marcelle , Watson Holly Howe , Coghlan Phoebe , White Sarah , Procter Sue , Addis Gulen , Norton Christine 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo review the evidence for interventions to improve dignity for older patients in acute care.BackgroundHigh profile cases have highlighted failure to provide dignified care for older people in hospitals. There is good evidence on what older people consider is important for dignified care and abundant recommendations on improving dignity, but it is unclear which interventions are effective.DesignNarrative systematic review.MethodsThe Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI and HMIC electronic databases were searched for intervention studies of any design aiming to improve inpatients’ dignity. The main population of interest was older patients, but the search included all patients. Studies that focused on ‘dignity therapy’ were excluded.ResultsThere were no intervention studies found in any country which aimed to improve patient dignity in hospitals which included evaluation of the effect. A narrative overview of papers that described implementing dignity interventions in practice but included no formal evaluation was, therefore, undertaken. Five papers were identified. Three themes were identified: knowing the person; partnership between older people and health care professionals; and, effective communication and clinical leadership. The effect on dignity of improving these is untested.ConclusionsThere are currently no studies that have tested interventions to improve the dignity of older people (nor anyone else) in hospitals. Further research using well designed trials of interventions is needed. There is also a need to develop and validate outcome measures for interventions to improve dignity.Relevance to clinical practiceAt present nurses lack robust evidence on how to improve dignity. There is ample evidence on what undermines patients’ dignity and there is a need to develop and test interventions designed to improve patient dignity.
The effect of sucrose as pain relief/comfort during immunisation of 15‐month‐old children in health care centres: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Despriee Åshild Wik , Langeland Eva 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the effect of 30% sucrose compared with a placebo (water) as pain relief and comfort during immunisation of 15‐month‐old children in health care centres.BackgroundChildren experience different levels of pain and distress during immunisation. Sweet solutions function as pain relief during immunisation for infants up to one year of age. However, there are few studies of older children.DesignAn experimental design in which the participants (15‐month‐old infants) were randomly assigned to an intervention group that received a 30% sugar solution or a control group that received a placebo (water).MethodsThe study was performed at three health care centres in a large Norwegian municipality. The parents of all 15‐month‐old infants who were recommended for vaccination (for measles, mumps and rubella) between 5 September 2013 and 31 March 2014 were invited to have their infant participate. Duration of crying was the outcome measure.ResultsA total of 114 children were included (59 in the intervention group, 55 in the control group). The intervention group infants’ crying was shorter (18 seconds mean) compared with the control group infants (33 seconds mean). The difference in crying duration between the groups was both statistically and clinically significant.ConclusionThis trial revealed that 30% sucrose orally has a calming and pain‐relieving effect on 15‐month‐old infants during immunisation.Relevance to clinical practicePublic health nurses should use a 30% sucrose solution for pain relief during immunisation of 15‐month‐old infants.
Tracking the footsteps: a constructivist grounded theory of the clinical reasoning processes that registered nurses use to recognise delirium
Authors: Hussein Mohamed El , Hirst Sandra 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo construct a grounded theory that explains the clinical reasoning processes that registered nurses use to recognise delirium while caring for older adults in acute care settings.BackgroundDelirium is often under‐recognised in acute care settings; this may stem from underdeveloped clinical reasoning processes. Little is known about registered nurses’ clinical reasoning processes in complex situations such as delirium recognition.DesignSeventeen registered nurses working in acute care settings were interviewed. Concurrent data collection and analysis, constant comparative analysis and theoretical sampling were conducted in 2013–2014.MethodsA grounded theory approach was used to analyse interview data about the clinical reasoning processes of registered nurse in acute hospital settings.ResultsThe core category that emerged from data was ‘Tracking the footsteps’. This refers to the common clinical reasoning processes that registered nurses in this study used to recognise delirium in older adults in acute care settings. It depicted the process of continuously trying to catch the state of delirium in older adults.ConclusionsUnderstanding the clinical reasoning processes that contribute to delirium under‐recognition provides a strategy by which this problem can be brought to the forefront of awareness and intervention by registered nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceRegistered nurses could draw from the various processes identified in this research to develop their clinical reasoning practice to enhance their effective assessment strategies. Delirium recognition by registered nurses will contribute to quality care to older adults.
‘Living with tics’: self‐experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome during peer interaction
Authors: Lee Mei‐Yin , Mu Pei‐Fan , Wang Wen‐Sheng , Wang Huei‐Shyong 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the essence of the self‐experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome in the context of peer interaction.BackgroundTourette syndrome has an adverse impact on adolescents’ physical, psychological and interpersonal interactions. Peers provide adolescents with social interactions that are crucial to the formation of self‐identity. Studies exploring the self‐experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome in the context of peer relationships are lacking.DesignA qualitative, phenomenological research design was used.MethodsA total of 12 adolescents with Tourette syndrome from the Taiwan Tourette Family Association were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using open‐ended questions in one‐on‐one in‐depth interviews that lasted 60–90 minutes. Giorgi's phenomenological methods were applied to analyse the data obtained. Four criteria were employed to evaluate methodological rigour.ResultsThe findings showed that the self‐experience of adolescents with Tourette syndrome during peer interaction reflected their lived experiences of peer identity, social identity and self‐identity. Themes included: (1) the inexplicable onset of tics during encounters with other people, (2) sources inspiring the courage for self‐acceptance and (3) strategies of self‐protection in response to changes in situation.ConclusionsThe self‐experience of peer interaction among adolescents with Tourette syndrome is a dynamic and interactive process characterised by the symbolic meanings conferred on the tics by the interacting adolescents. The adolescents with Tourette syndrome obtain self‐identity through peer responses and recognition, while the tolerance, respect and support of parents and teachers spark the adolescents’ courage for self‐acceptance.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers who assist adolescents with Tourette syndrome must understand that tics occur in the context of peer interaction and how this affects the adolescents’ relationships with their peers in various life situations. Furthermore, healthcare providers should provide support, respect and offer coping strategies regarding peer interaction based on an understanding of the social dynamics of such peer interactions.
Experiences of Spanish women undergoing hysterosalpingography as part of the infertility process: a phenomenological study
Authors: Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Martínez‐Caba María Isabel , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel , Carmona‐Samper Esther , Granero‐Molina José 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe and understand the experiences and perceptions of women who undergo hysterosalpingography as part of the infertility process.BackgroundNurses and midwives should conduct research into the emotional aspects of caring for patients undergoing infertility treatment. The hysterosalpingography is considered to be the most feared test in the infertility process and the one about which very little is known.DesignA phenomenological qualitative study.MethodsTen Spanish women who had undergone hysterosalpingography participated in this study. In‐depth interviews were carried out between October 2012–May 2013. Data analysis was performed with the help of atlas.ti software to identify emerging themes.ResultsThe experience of the participants who underwent hysterosalpingography during the infertility process is represented by the following three themes: (1) becoming a mother to feel complete as a person and as a woman, with the subthemes ‘maternity as a life objective’ and ‘maternity in terms of gender identity’; (2) infertility – an intimate experience which provokes negative feelings, with the subthemes ‘negative feelings regarding own infertility’ and ‘infertility as an experience that is little shared with others’; (3) Undergoing hysterosalpingography, with the subthemes ‘feelings regarding hysterosalpingography’, ‘treatment by medical providers’ and ‘areas for improvement regarding the service given by the providers’.ConclusionFor women who undergo hysterosalpingography, maternity may be seen as a life objective that could identify them as women. Results suggest that although infertility is experienced with negative feelings such as anxiety, frustration and sadness, hysterosalpingography seems to be related with both hope and fear when facing the test.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowing the experiences of these women could help nurses, midwives and physicians to provide better patient‐centred care.
Effects of gum chewing on abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and intake adherence to polyethylene glycol solution of patients in colonoscopy preparation
Authors: Lee Jisun , Lee Eunjin , Kim Yumi , Kim Eun , Lee Yaera 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectiveThis study aimed to reduce the common discomfort of colonoscopy patients when taking a bowel cleansing solution. Gum chewing, a form of sham feeding, was examined as a possible efficient intervention to reduce the discomfort from consuming polyethylene glycol.BackgroundSham feeding is a method that is similar to food intake, which stimulates the cephalic‐vagal reflex, promotes secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, and stimulates movement of the gastrointestinal tract. Sham feeding with chewing gum has been shown to promote bowel motility.DesignThis was an experimental study utilising a randomised control group post‐test design.MethodsThis study was conducted in Seoul, Korea from August–October 2012. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; a gum‐chewing group (n = 66) or a control group (n = 65). In the control group, patients drank a polyethylene glycol solution according to the general protocol. For the gum‐chewing group, patients had to chew one stick of sugarless gum during the pause interval of drinking the polyethylene glycol solution. Results were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, t‐test, Chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe gum‐chewing group reported significantly lower abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting and took a shorter time to ingest the polyethylene glycol solution than the control group.ConclusionGum chewing is efficient in improving abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting and the intake adherence of patients in colonoscopy preparation.Relevance to clinical practiceGum chewing was demonstrated by this study to be a potentially effective nursing intervention that is easy for patients to perform with simple instructions and is low cost with no side effects.
The experiences of family carers in the delivery of invasive clinical interventions for young people with complex intellectual disabilities: policy disconnect or policy opportunity?
Authors: Brown Michael , Hoyle Louise , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of family carers in the delivery of invasive clinical interventions within community settings.BackgroundMany young people with intellectual disabilities present with complex health needs and require clinical interventions to sustain life. As the population lives into older age there is growing demand for the delivery of these interventions within the community setting.DesignAn interpretivist qualitative design.MethodsTen family carers of children with intellectual disabilities and complex care needs requiring invasive clinical interventions participated in semi‐structured interviews.ResultsThere are barriers identified regarding the delivery of invasive clinical interventions in the home setting by social care support workers. These include a reluctance to carry out invasive clinical interventions both for family carers and staff, anxiety, a lack of knowledge and training and difficulties in recruiting appropriate staff.ConclusionsThere needs to be strategic policy developments focusing on this population who are cared for in the community and require invasive clinical interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceRegistered Nurses have a key role in educating and preparing families and social care support workers to safely deliver invasive clinical interventions in community settings for both children and adults with intellectual disabilities.
Implementing evidence‐based practices in an emergency department: contradictions exposed when prioritising a flow culture
Authors: Kirk Jeanette W , Nilsen Per 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAn emergency department is typically a place of high activity where practitioners care for unanticipated presentations, which yields a flow culture so that actions that secure available beds are prioritised by the practitioners.ObjectivesHow does the flow culture in an emergency department influence nurses’ use of a research‐based clinical guideline and a nutrition screening routine.MethodsEthnographic fieldwork was carried out over three months. The first author followed nurses, medical secretaries and doctors in the emergency department. Data were also collected by means of semi‐structured interviews. An activity system analysis, as described in the Cultural Historical Activity Theory, was conducted to identify various contradictions that could exist between different parts of the activity system.ResultsThe main contradiction identified was that guidelines and screening routines provided a flow stop. Four associated contradictions were identified: insufficient time to implement guidelines; guilty conscience due to perceived nonadherence to evidence‐based practices; newcomers having different priorities; and conflicting views of what constituted being a professional.ConclusionWe found that research‐supported guidelines and screening routines were not used if they were perceived to stop the patient flow, suggesting that the practice was not fully evidence based.
Subhaplogroup D4b1 enhances the risk of cervical cancer initiation: A case‐control study in southern China
Authors: Li Yuanyan , Li Ximei , Wang Zhihui , Feng Zejiao , Li Lijiao , Ke Xiaohui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) background (haplogroup) is associated with cervical cancer in patients in southern China.MethodsA case‐control study of 150 patients with cervical cancer and 217 geographically matched controls was conducted in Wenzhou, a southern Chinese city in the Zhejiang province. DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and sequenced. Sequences were aligned to the mtDNA revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (GenBank number NC_012920) to determine mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplogroups.ResultsWe found that both M and N haplogroups and their diagnostic SNPs (A10398G and C10400T) are not associated with the risk of cervical cancer. However, individuals with haplogroup D4b1/D4b1*, an M subhaplogroup, exhibited an increased risk of cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004, 1.066; P = 0.011/OR =1.027; 95% CI 1.001, 1.055; P = 0.027). Individuals with SNPs C10181T/A10136G (OR =1.034; 95% CI 1.004, 1.066; P = 0.011/OR =1.027; 95% CI 1.001, 1.055; P = 0.027) were more susceptible to cervical cancer than individuals without. Furthermore, we determined that mtDNA background is not associated with the progression of cervical cancer.ConclusionsOur results indicate that mtDNA haplogroups play a role in cervical cancer initiation.