bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic performance-based evaluation of a tall steel moment resisting frame under post-earthquake fires
Authors: Elhami Khorasani Negar , Garlock Maria , Gardoni Paolo 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a framework to assess the reliability of structures subject to a fire following an earthquake (FFE) event. The proposed framework is implemented in one seamless programming environment and is used to analyze an example nine-story steel moment-resisting frame (MRF) under an FFE. The framework includes uncertainties in load and material properties at elevated temperatures and evaluates the MRF performance based on various limit states.

Design/methodology/approach
Specifically, this work models the uncertainties in fire load density, yield strength and modulus of elasticity of steel. The location of fire compartment is also varied to investigate the effect of story level (lower vs higher) and bay location (interior vs exterior) of the fire on the post-earthquake performance of the frame. The frame is modeled in OpenSees to perform non-linear dynamic, thermal and reliability analyses of the structure.

Findings
Results show that interior bays are more susceptible than exterior bays to connection failure because of the development of larger tension forces during the cooling phase of the fire. Also, upper floors in general are more probable to reach specified damage states than lower floors because of the smaller beam sizes. Overall, results suggest that modern MRFs with a design that is governed by inter-story drifts have enough residual strength after an earthquake so that a subsequent fire typically does not lead to results significantly different compared to those of an event where the fire occurs without previous seismic damage. However, the seismic damage could lead to larger fire spread, increased danger to the building as a whole and larger associated economic losses.

Originality/value
Although the paper focuses on FFE, the proposed framework is general and can be extended to other multi-hazard scenarios.
De-noising interferogram inSAR using variance and absolute deviation functions
Authors: Bentahar Tarek , Benatia Djamel , Boulila Mohamed 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
In this paper, a new efficient method to de-noise the interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar interferogram, also called wrapped phase image, is proposed with the aim to reduce the residue number and make the phase unwrapping process easy.

Design/methodology/approach
This method is based on two statistics functions, the former is the phase derivative variance (PDV) defined as a quality map to select the badness areas, the second one is the phase derivative variance (PAD) for a local 3 × 3 pixels filtering which allows to assign an estimated phase for each bad area selected by PDV function. Our filter was tested with a simulated interferograms and compared to other most used filters.

Findings
With this proposed method, the residues in the interferogram are minimized better than using a conventional filters, and the phase unwrapping process gives a better estimation.

Originality/value
Combining two statistical functions (PDV and PAD) is efficient in terms of minimizing the noise in the interferogram; this is very helpful to minimize the processing time of the InSAR image particularly the phase unwrapping treatment and have a good quality of the image.
The physiochemical properties of submicron particles from emissions of industrial furnace
Authors: Niu Hongya , Cheng Wenjing , Pian Wei , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Smoke and dust emissions from industrial furnaces can do great harm to the environment and human health. This paper aims to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the nearby ambient air by using two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace.

Design/Methodology/Approach
Two typical industrial furnaces, the sintering furnace and the electric furnace, were chosen in this study, to analyze the morphology, diameter and elements of the submicron particles from the furnace flues and the near-by ambient air.

Findings
The results show that the particles from the two furnaces are mainly in the small sizes of 0.3-0.6 μm. Particles from sintering plant flue are mainly spherical and rich in K and Cl, whereas those from the electric plant flue are mainly particles rich in metal elements, such as Zn and Fe, and have different morphology.

Originality/value
The particles in the atmosphere nearby the two furnaces contain aged particles from the flue, lots of spherical particles, rectangle particles and various aggregations. The elements of those particles are complex.
Modeling and process simulation of vibration assisted workpiece in micro-EDM using FEM
Authors: Maity Kalipada , Choubey Mayank 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Micro-electro discharge machining (EDM) plays an important role in the fabrication of micro holes in an electrically conductive high-strength material. The flushing of debris poses a great challenge in the micro-EDM operation. The vibration of workpiece plays a significant role in the flushing of debris of the workpiece.

Design/methodology/approach
This study aims that the finite element analysis is performed using ANSYS software to find out the maximum displacement of the workpiece at a different location at different frequencies. For the convergence of this analysis, the natural frequency obtained from ANSYS is validated with some available literature.

Findings
The continuous up and down vibration of the workpiece results in the formation of vapor bubbles in a low-pressure region that contributes to material removal due to the fracture of bubbles. The vibration-assisted workpiece in the micro-EDM process causes the pressure variation of dielectric between the electrode and workpiece that enhances material removal rate because of cavitation.

Originality/value
In workpiece vibration-assisted micro-EDM, the selection of correct vibration frequency and displacement is of greater importance because improper frequency selection can cause bending of the wire electrode, affecting machining stability and short circuiting.
Mapping of optimum placement of distributed generation in meshed power networks with appropriate technologies
Authors: Warid Warid Sayel , Hizam Hashim , Mariun Norman , Abdul-Wahab Noor Izzri 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This study aims to propose a sensitivity-based methodology for the optimum accommodation of distributed generation (DG) units in meshed power networks with appropriate technologies. The effect of load variation is incorporated into the proposed methodology to identify the most trusted locations for DG placement.

Design/methodology/approach
The effectiveness of minimizing active power losses is considered a key criterion. A priority list comprising both sensitivity indexes and realistic indicators is deduced to rank the optimum sites for the placement of DG units. A sorting index for distinguishing the suitable DG type(s) for each candidate location is organized. Three common DG types are considered in this work. The modified IEEE 30-bus meshed system is chosen to perform the proposed methodology.

Findings
Results demonstrate that the obtained priority index can be used to achieve the best real loss minimization rates. Numerous load buses can be safely excluded as candidate locations using the proposed approach. Consequently, the methodology can minimize the computational process of diagnosing the optimum sites for DG accommodation.

Originality/value
The findings determine that instead of installing many DG units at various locations with one DG type, a few certain load buses can be used to accommodate more than one DG type and significantly reduce losses.
Investigating optimal operating parameters of DI diesel engine: a CFD approach using CONVERGETM
Authors: Rao Ganji Prabhakar , Dhyani Vipin , Kumar Deepak , Raju V.R.K. , Rao S. Srinivasa 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present the effects of varying different operating parameters such as Start of Injection (9 to 21 deg bTDC), compression ratio (16 to 12.5), fuel injection pressure (400 to 1,400 bar) and exhaust gas recirculation (0 to 25 per cent) on the performance and emissions of the engine for constant engine speed of 1,600 rpm.

Design/methodology/approach
Simulation results were validated with experimental data available in the literature for baseline configuration. The effect of each parameter on the performance characteristics such as pressure and temperature, emission characteristics such as NOx and soot are presented and discussed. Optimization has been carried out based on the regression equations developed from the simulation results to obtain the optimum set of the parameters to achieve the desired performance and emissions. Numerical simulations have been performed for the optimized set and compared with the reference engine.

Findings
Results of optimization showed that there was a simultaneous reduction in NOx and soot while maintaining the same level of performance as that of the baseline case.

Originality/value
Based on the present work, it can be said that lesser emissions are achieved in terms of NOx and soot while maintaining the same performance in terms of peak pressure.
Wind turbine rank method for a wind park scenario
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Zamri , Albani Aliashim 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a method of the wind turbine ranking, either stall or pitch-regulated wind turbine (WTG), to determine the suitability of wind turbine in a selected site.

Design/methodology/approach
The method included the wind park target capacity, the maximum hub-height, the standard rotor diameter and the characteristic of wind speed on the site. As the method had been applied to a wind park, with more than one wind turbine, the wake losses had been considered by subtracting the gross capacity factor. Besides, the turbine-site matching index (TSMI) was computed by dividing the net capacity factor with the total installed capital cost per kilowatt.

Findings
The components of the total installed capital cost were cost of turbine, installation, as well as operation and maintenance. Meanwhile, the target capacity index (TCI) was calculated by dividing the estimated wind park capacity with the target wind park capacity.

Originality/value
Both TSMI and TCI were used together to rank the wind turbines. Furthermore, a site in the eastern part of Kudat was selected as the case study site, where ten models of wind turbines were tested and ranked.
Influence of an inclined magnetic field on heat and mass transfer of the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid in an inclined channel
Authors: Dar Ajaz Ahmad , Elangovan K. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to intend for investigating the influence of an inclined magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid through an inclined channel with heat and mass transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
Long wavelength and low Reynolds number methodology is actualized for simplifying the highly nonlinear equations. Mathematical expressions of axial velocity, pressure gradient and volume flow rate are obtained. Pressure rise, frictional force and pumping phenomenon are portrayed and symbolized graphically. Exact and numerical solutions have been carried out. The computed results are presented graphically for various embedded parameters. Temperature and concentration profile are also scrutinized and sketched.

Findings
Results from the current study concluded that the fluid motion can be enhanced by increasing the inclination of both the magnetic field and the channel.

Originality/value
The elemental characteristics of this analysis is a complete interpretation of the influence of couple stress parameter and inclination of magnetic field on the velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise and frictional forces.
Modeling the effect of entrained sand particles on pressure transverse in a flowing gas well
Authors: Fadairo Adesina , Oyedele-Adeyi Olusegun , Oladepo Adebowale , Temitope Ogunkunle 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The production of natural gas from the reservoir is always associated with entrained solid particle of different sizes mainly sand particles and crystalline salts. Entrained solid transport along the gas phase has been a great concern for gas production engineer, as the detrimental consequences are often associated to a desirable high operational parameters such rate and pressure transverse in producing well.

Design/methodology/approach
A variety of models for predicting pressure transverse in flowing gas wells have been reported in the literatures. Most of the models were based on steady state fluid flow equation that did not consider time factor which results in inaccurate at early production time. Some of the early investigators overlooked the effect of the entrained solid on the pressure transverse phenomena in a gas well. Hence, there is a need for developing a more realistic model for estimating pressure transverse at all times in flowing solid-gas vertical well.

Findings
This study presents equation for pressure drop in flowing vertical well without neglecting any term in the momentum equation by the inclusion of accumulation and kinetic term. The solution of the resulting differential equation gives functional relationship between solid-gas flow rates and pressure at any point in flowing well at any given production time.

Originality/value
The results show improvement over previous studies, as the assumptions previously neglected were all considered.
Using dark diversity and plant characteristics to guide conservation and restoration
Authors: Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Brunbjerg Ane Kirstine , Clausen Kevin Kuhlmann , Dalby Lars , Fløjgaard Camilla , Juel Anders , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Dark diversity is a promising concept for prioritising management efforts as it focuses on species that are present in the regional pool, but locally absent even though environmental requirements are met. Currently, we lack knowledge of what characterises species belonging to the dark diversity more often than others, although this is important knowledge for restoration and conservation actions.

We applied the concept to a massive national (Danish) plant diversity data base, containing 236 923 records from 15 160 surveys involving 564 species. This enabled the first geographically comprehensive (43 000 km2) assessment of dark diversity, at a spatial resolution relevant for conservation and restoration planning (78 m2) across multiple terrestrial habitats, thereby maximising the practical applications of this concept. The probability for a given plant species to belong to the dark diversity was computed and logistically regressed against variables representing its ecological preferences (e.g. nutrient availability), strategies (competitor, stress tolerant, ruderal), mycorrhizal relationships, establishment capacities (seed mass) and dispersal abilities.

Forty‐six percent of the species had a high probability (>95%) of being part of dark diversity, whereas for 7% of the species this probability was less than 60%.

Typical dark diversity plant species tended to depend on mycorrhiza, were mostly adapted to low light and low nutrient levels, had poor dispersal abilities and were ruderals and stress intolerant.

Synthesis and applications. Characterising species that are more often absent from suitable sites than others (dark diversity species) has important implications for the planning and management of natural ecosystems. From our study, practitioners gain insight into the factors triggering the absence of individual plant species in a seemingly suitable habitat. We highlight the need to carefully consider mycorrhizal inoculations with a suitable assemblage of fungi to promote the establishment success of dark diversity plants. Additionally, time‐lags in plant species dispersal and establishment as well as spatial connectivity in fragmented habitats are central to consider in nature management although assisted migration might also aid poor dispersers. Finally, nutrient‐poor localities are probably important ‘islets’ allowing nitrophobic dark diversity plant species to thrive within agricultural landscapes that are generally nutrient‐rich.
Stoichiometric N:P flexibility and mycorrhizal symbiosis favour plant resistance against drought
Authors: Mariotte Pierre , Canarini Alberto , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Drought induces changes in the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycle but most plant species have limited flexibility to take up nutrients under such variable or unbalanced N and P availability. Both the degree of flexibility in plant N:P ratio and of root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might control plant resistance to drought‐induced changes in nutrient availability, but this has not been directly tested.

Here, we examined the role of plant N:P stoichiometric status and mycorrhizal symbiosis in the drought‐resistance of dominant and subordinate species in a semi‐natural grassland.

We reduced water availability using rainout shelters (control vs. drought) and measured how plant biomass responded for the dominant and subordinate species. We then selected a dominant (Paspalum dilatatum) and a subordinate species (Cynodon dactylon), for which we investigated the N:P stoichiometric status, mycorrhizal root colonization and water‐use efficiency.

The biomass of all dominant plant species, but not subordinate species, decreased under drought. Drought increased soil available nitrogen, and thus increased soil N:P ratio, due to decreasing plant N uptake. The dominant P. dilatatum showed a high degree of plant N:P homeostasis and a considerable reduction in biomass under drought. At the opposite, the more flexible subordinate species C. dactylon increased its N uptake and water‐use efficiency, apparently due to stronger symbiosis with mycorrhizae, and maintained its biomass.

Synthesis. We conclude that the maintenance of N:P homeostasis in dominant species, possibly because of a large root nutrient foraging capacity, becomes inefficient when water stress limits N mobility in the soil. By contrast, we demonstrate that higher stoichiometric N:P flexibility coupled with stronger mutualistic association with mycorrhizae allow subordinate species to better withstand drought perturbations. Using a stoichiometric approach in a field experiment, our study provides for the first time clear and novel understandings of the mechanisms involved in drought‐resistance within the plant‐mycorrhizae‐soil system.
Invasive plants accelerate nitrogen cycling: evidence from experimental woody monocultures
Authors: Jo Insu , Fridley Jason D. , Frank Douglas A. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Although it is widely believed that non‐native invasive species threaten the functional integrity of forest ecosystems, their impact on important ecosystem processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling is not well understood.

To examine how invasive species alter ecosystem N dynamics, we established monocultures of five phylogenetic pairs of native and non‐native invasive understory woody species common to Eastern U.S. forests.

After 3 years, we found invaders increased N cycling by enhancing the flow of N to the soil through greater litter N production and litter N content, and increased the uptake of available soil N, via greater fine root production and specific root length.

Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of linking above‐ and below‐ground processes to better understand invader impacts on ecosystem nutrient processes. The rapid shifts in soil N processes as a result of invader dominance observed in our study suggest that invaders may be an important driver of forest ecosystem functioning.
A Novel Pixel‐Based Method to Estimate the Instantaneous Velocity of a Vehicle from CCTV Images
Authors: Liu Shengxiong , Yang Xiuju , Cui Jianguo , Yin Zhiyong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn traffic forensic identifications, it was usually unfavorable that estimated velocities of questioned vehicles derived from frame‐based methods eventually turned out to be close to but a bit less than speed limits. In this paper, a novel pixel‐based method was presented to estimate vehicles’ relatively instantaneous velocities. First, two adjacent pixels’ actual distance was acquired from the closed‐circuit television (CCTV) images. Then, the instantaneous average velocity within this one frame interval time (FIT) was calculated out. The frame‐based method and its evaluating result were also introduced in this paper. The results showed that the velocity estimated by this new pixel‐based method was higher than which derived from the frame‐based method. Employing this presented novel method in these cases, it could be more accurately identified whether or not the vehicles had exceeded the speed limits, and then the responsibilities could be consequently assigned impartially.
Role of Uremic Toxins on Apoptosis With Varying Periods of Hemodialysis
Authors: Hünkerler Zeynep , Köken Tülay , Koca Buğra , Kahraman Ahmet 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIncreased apoptotic cell death in uremic patients has been confirmed by a variety of studies. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of uremic toxins and duration of hemodialysis (HD) therapy on apoptosis by means of measuring serum caspase cleaved CK18 (CCCK‐18) levels. Seventy chronic HD patients were recruited and divided into three groups with differing periods of HD, from 6 months to 10 years. Twelve healthy subjects served as controls. Serum CCCK‐18 level was found significantly higher in HD patient groups (Group 2; 189 ± 71 IU/L, Group 3; 182 ± 65 IU/L, Group 4; 204 ± 111 IU/L) as compared to the control group (122 ± 20 U/L) (P < 0.05). When all hemodialysis patients considered together serum CCCK‐18 showed positive correlation with serum uric acid and phosphorus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that apoptosis is enhanced in HD patients, phosphorus and uric acid might play a role in this increment, but duration of HD therapy has no effect on apoptosis.
Acoustic monitoring for conservation in tropical forests: examples from forest elephants
Authors: Wrege Peter H. , Rowland Elizabeth D. , Keen Sara , Shiu Yu 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe accelerating loss of biodiversity worldwide demands effective tools for monitoring animal populations and informing conservation action. In habitats where direct observation is difficult (rain forests, oceans), or for cryptic species (shy, nocturnal), passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) provides cost‐effective, unbiased data collection.PAMhas broad applicability in terrestrial environments, particularly tropical rain forests.Using examples from studies of forest elephants in Central African rain forest, we show howPAMcan be used to investigate cryptic behaviour, mechanisms of communication, estimate population size, quantify threats, and assess the efficacy of conservation strategies. We discuss the methodologies, requirements, and challenges of obtaining these data using acoustics. Where applicable, we compare these methods to more traditional approaches.WhilePAMmethods and associated analysis are maturing rapidly, mechanisms are needed for processing the dense raw data efficiently with standard computer hardware, speeding development of detection algorithms, and harnessing communication networks to move data from the field to research facilities.Passive acoustic monitoring is a viable and cost‐effective tool for conservation and should be incorporated in monitoring schemes much more broadly. The capability to quickly assess changes in behaviour, population size, and landscape use, simultaneously over large geographical areas, makes this approach attractive for detecting human‐induced impacts and for assessing the success of conservation strategies.