bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globale und regionale Klimapolitik
Authors: Huckestein Brigitta , Breiner Timo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDer Klimawandel ist eine globale Herausforderung. Globale Vereinbarungen erreichen bisher aber nicht das Ziel, den Klimawandel auf 2°C bis 1,5°C zu begrenzen. Es fehlt an Maßnahmen mit weltweiter Gültigkeit – wie dies beispielsweise ein globaler Preis auf Treibhausgasemissionen darstellen würde. Die chemische Industrie leistet durch ihre Produkte und innovative Produktionsprozesse wertvolle Beiträge zum Klimaschutz. Damit sie jedoch ihr Innovationspotenzial weiter ausschöpfen kann, bedarf es geeigneter politischer Rahmenbedingungen – regional und global. Maßnahmen der EU sollten die effizientesten Produzenten im Vergleich zu ihren internationalen Wettbewerbern nicht benachteiligen.
Ein Wirkstoff gegen Malaria aus der Natur: Artemisinin
Authors: Eckhardt Katrin , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractArtemisinin, ein ungewöhnliches tetracyclisches, endoperoxidisches Sesquiterpen ist ein wegen der überragenden Wirkung gegen den Malariaparasiten außergewöhnlich intensiv erforschter, bioaktiver Naturstoff. Seine chinesische Entdeckerin Tu Youyou erhielt dafür 2015 den Nobelpreis für Medizin. Als Malariawirkstoff ist sein Potential aber nicht ausgeschöpft. Wir setzen die beiden ChiuZ‐Beiträge von 2014 über Artemisinin fort und beschreiben die Isolierung von Artemisinin aus Blättern des Einjährigen Beifußes. Wir präsentieren und interpretieren den kompletten Satz analytischer Spektren zur Strukturzuordnung. Hintergrundinformationen ergänzen das Bild.
Effect of Partially Fluorinated N‐Alkyl‐Substituted Piperidine‐2‐carboxamides on Pharmacologically Relevant Properties
Authors: Vorberg Raffael , Trapp Nils , Zimmerli Daniel , Wagner Björn , Fischer Holger , Kratochwil Nicole A. , Kansy Manfred , Carreira Erick M. , Müller Klaus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe modulation of pharmacologically relevant properties of N‐alkyl‐piperidine‐2‐carboxamides was studied by selective introduction of 1–3 fluorine atoms into the n‐propyl and n‐butyl side chains of the local anesthetics ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. The basicity modulation by nearby fluorine substituents is essentially additive and exhibits an exponential attenuation as a function of topological distance between fluorine and the basic center. The intrinsic lipophilicity of the neutral piperidine derivatives displays the characteristic response noted for partially fluorinated alkyl groups attached to neutral heteroaryl systems. However, basicity decrease by nearby fluorine substituents affects lipophilicities at neutral pH, so that all partially fluorinated derivatives are of similar or higher lipophilicity than their non‐fluorinated parents. Aqueous solubilities were found to correlate inversely with lipophilicity with a significant contribution from crystal packing energies, as indicated by variations in melting point temperatures. All fluorinated derivatives were found to be somewhat more readily oxidized in human liver microsomes, the rates of degradation correlating with increasing lipophilicity. Because the piperidine‐2‐carboxamide core is chiral, pairs with enantiomeric N‐alkyl groups are diastereomeric. While little response to such stereoisomerism was observed for basicity or lipophilicity, more pronounced variations were observed for melting point temperatures and oxidative degradation.
Comprehensive cellular‐resolution atlas of the adult human brain
Authors: Ding Song‐Lin , Royall Joshua J. , Sunkin Susan M. , Ng Lydia , Facer Benjamin A.C. , Lesnar Phil , Guillozet‐Bongaarts Angie , McMurray Bergen , Szafer Aaron , Dolbeare Tim A. , Stevens Allison , Tirrell Lee , Benner Thomas , Caldejon Shiella , Dalley Rachel A. , Dee Nick , Lau Christopher , Nyhus Julie , Reding Melissa , Riley Zackery L. , Sandman David , Shen Elaine , van der Kouwe Andre , Varjabedian Ani , Write Michelle , Zollei Lilla , Dang Chinh , Knowles James A. , Koch Christof , Phillips John W. , Sestan Nenad , Wohnoutka Paul , Zielke H. Ronald , Hohmann John G. , Jones Allan R. , Bernard Amy , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Hof Patrick R. , Fischl Bruce , Lein Ed S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTDetailed anatomical understanding of the human brain is essential for unraveling its functional architecture, yet current reference atlases have major limitations such as lack of whole‐brain coverage, relatively low image resolution, and sparse structural annotation. We present the first digital human brain atlas to incorporate neuroimaging, high‐resolution histology, and chemoarchitecture across a complete adult female brain, consisting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and 1,356 large‐format cellular resolution (1 µm/pixel) Nissl and immunohistochemistry anatomical plates. The atlas is comprehensively annotated for 862 structures, including 117 white matter tracts and several novel cyto‐ and chemoarchitecturally defined structures, and these annotations were transferred onto the matching MRI dataset. Neocortical delineations were done for sulci, gyri, and modified Brodmann areas to link macroscopic anatomical and microscopic cytoarchitectural parcellations. Correlated neuroimaging and histological structural delineation allowed fine feature identification in MRI data and subsequent structural identification in MRI data from other brains. This interactive online digital atlas is integrated with existing Allen Institute for Brain Science gene expression atlases and is publicly accessible as a resource for the neuroscience community. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3127–3481, 2016. © 2016 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platinum Cubic Nanoframes with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Durability Toward Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Park Jinho , Wang Helan , Vara Madeline , Xia Younan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of Pt cubic nanoframes with ultrathin ridges less than 2 nm in thickness. The nanoframes were synthesized through site‐selected deposition of Pt onto the corner and edge sites of Pd nanocubes, followed by selective removal of the Pd cores via chemical etching. The Br− ions chemisorbed on the side faces of a Pd nanocube played a critical role in enabling the siteselected deposition. In addition, the kinetics of deposition and the diffusion of Pt adatoms was optimized by carefully controlling the injection rate of the Pt precursor and the reaction temperature, respectively, to obtain the frame‐like structure. When benchmarked against a commercial Pt/C comprised of Pt particles 2–3 nm in size, the Pt frame/C catalyst exhibited not only enhanced mass activity toward oxygen reduction, but also substantially improved catalytic durability. In an accelerated durability test, the Pt frame/C catalyst showed a mass activity more than 6× greater than for the Pt/C reference after 20 000 cycles of repeated potential sweeping. This improvement can be largely attributed to the frame‐like structure, which is unique in suppressing both the detachment and aggregation of catalytic particles owing to the significantly enhanced interaction with carbon support.
Mass cytometry panel optimization through the designed distribution of signal interference
Authors: Takahashi Chikara , Au‐Yeung Amelia , Fuh Franklin , Ramirez‐Montagut Teresa , Bolen Chris , Mathews William , O'Gorman William E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMass cytometry is capable of measuring more than 40 distinct proteins on individual cells making it a promising technology for innovating biomarker discovery. However, in order for this potential to be fully realized, best practices in panel design need to be further defined in order to achieve consistency and reproducibility in data analysis. Of particular importance are controls that reveal, and panel design principles that mitigate the effects of signal interference or overlap. We observed a disparity between the staining profiles of two noncompeting anti‐ integrin β7 mAbs and hypothesized that signal interference was responsible. A mass‐minus‐one (MMO) control was applied and demonstrated that signal overlap caused the perceived interclonal discrepancy in β7 expression. Panel redesign in consideration of mass‐cytometry specific interference dynamics dramatically improved concordance between both mAbs by redistributing background signals caused by overlap. These studies visualize how signal overlap can complicate mass cytometry data interpretation and demonstrate how the rational distribution of interference can greatly improve panel design and data quality. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Novel Flow Cytometric Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies Against Platelet, Lymphocyte, And Neutrophil
Authors: Suh Myung Chul , Suh Jang Soo , Won Dong Il 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPlatelet or neutrophil antibodies (Ab) detected by an indirect method need to be further investigated to confirm that they are HLA (lymphocyte)‐specific. This can only be determined by the assessment of lymphocytes from the same donor. We have developed an improved flow cytometric method for the simultaneous detection of Abs against three distinct cell types (platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) in a single suspension.MethodsWe prepared white blood cell (WBC) suspensions using an overlay procedure. To enhance the retrieval of the three cell types during flow cytometry, the acquisition time was divided into two periods, platelet phase and WBC phase, and a different live acquisition gate was applied to each phase. The sample/control ratio of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured for each cell type.ResultsThe number of cells in the starting cell suspension and the retrieved cell numbers of the three cell types were sufficient to detect their cognate antibodies. There was no significant difference between the MFI ratios observed in the current protocol and those from the conventional method (P > 0.05), and positive correlations were found (P < 0.05) for all three cell types. Each positive control serum with a specific set of Abs showed the typical comprehensive reaction pattern to the three cell types. Based on such patterns, 47% (14/30) of the patient sera that reacted with platelets were demonstrated to be due to anti‐HLA Abs without platelet Abs.ConclusionsOur method could enhance both interpretation accuracy of the diagnostic test results and laboratory efficiency. As an increased reaction with platelets is commonly due to anti‐HLA Abs, the reactivity of the lymphocytes from the same donor should also be tested, which can be routinely done by using our protocol. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Using Computerized Cytomorphometry to Distinguish between Benign and Malignant Cases in Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Celik Zeliha Esin , Altinay Serdar , Kilinc Fahriye , Arslan Nur , Yilmaz Burcu Sanal , Karabagli Pınar , Ugurluoglu Ceyhan 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundOnly a small number of studies on computerized cytomorphometry have been performed for thyroid FNAC. The present study aimed to determine the usefulness of computerized cytomorphometry methods to further classify thyroid lesions as benign or malignant and to compare the practicability and value of using Papanicolaou (Pap) and Giemsa stains in thyroid FNAC by evaluating their association to various cytologic nuclear parameters.MethodsFifty‐eight thyroid lesions diagnosed by FNAC and categorized according to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology were evaluated in terms of various cytologic nuclear parameters, including nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), nuclear density (ND), long nuclear diameter (LND), and short nuclear diameter (SND). The Pap‐ and Giemsa‐stained slides were examined separately.ResultsIn the malignant cases, NA, NP, LND, and SND were higher than in the benign cases for both the Pap and Giemsa stains. NA, NP, LND, and SND were higher in Giemsa than Pap for both the benign and malignant groups. Statistically significant differences were detected between the benign and malignant cases in the AUS category.ConclusionsComputerized cytomorphometry is useful in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions in thyroid FNAC. The measurement of cytologic nuclear parameters in cases suggestive of AUS may be useful for the probable classification of cases as benign or malignant. Although further studies are needed, in nuclear morphometric assessment of thyroid FNAC, Giemsa staining may be more useful and valuable than the Pap stain because of its association with various cytologic nuclear parameters. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:902–911. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Electromagnetic Analysis for Cryptographic Module on the Frequency Domain
Authors: HAYASHI YU‐ICHI , HOMMA NAOFUMI , MIZUKI TAKAAKI , AOKI TAKAFUMI , SONE HIDEAKI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYAn efficient analysis method in the frequency domain for the extraction of information under the degradation of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is proposed. When the electromagnetic emission from the cryptographic module on the hardware is analyzed, the electromagnetic fields caused by operation on the other modules interfere to the electromagnetic field from the cryptographic module. Therefore, the amount of the measured data required for the extraction of information under the condition of degraded SNR increases and the analysis for this increase in data needs additional computation time. In order to accelerate the analysis under the degradation of SNR, we focus on only the processing of analysis target data. Furthermore, the signal of information and noises is separated with the analysis on the frequency domain. The proposed method is examined through experiments.
Load Balancing of Processing Servers for Cloud Control System
Authors: OHNISHI NAOYA , TAKANAKA TOORU , NAKATANI HIROSHI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYWhen a large‐scale disaster occurs in control systems for social infrastructure, field equipment and control programs of the control systems might be lost. We have proposed the control system that operates control processing on cloud servers for rapid recovery from a disaster. This paper proposes architecture for cloud control system and a method for balancing the processing load of cloud servers. We examine the response time of the control processing operated by the cloud control system built on Amazon Web Services.
Threshold Fluence for Femtosecond Laser Nanoablation for Metals
Authors: HASHIDA MASAKI , MIYASAKA YASUHIRO , NISHII TAKAYA , SHIMIZU MASAHIRO , INOUE SHUNSUKE , SAKABE SHUJI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYFemtosecond laser nanoablation of Ti by short‐pulse laser irradiation (800 nm/40 fs) is studied in the laser fluence range of 0.07 J/cm2 to 0.5 J/cm2. To determine the ablation threshold, the ablation rate dependence on laser fluence is precisely measured. Multishot ablation threshold of titanium is found to be 0.074 J/cm2 in which value is good agreement with that reported previously by other group. To discuss the ablation mechanism, all the ablation thresholds for metals previously published are plotted as a function of work function and melting temperature. We found that the ablation thresholds correlated with work function of metals. Experimental data suggested that the femtosecond laser ablation is mainly due to multiphoton absorption and optical field ionization.
Transfer Methods of PZT Thin Capacitor to Flexible Polymer by Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: MIZUNO YUKI , BYUN IKJOO , KIM BEOMJOON , ICHIKI MASAAKI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThis paper describes the fabrication method that a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film capacitor, which is formed on a Si substrate by metal organic decomposition (MOD), can be easily transferred to flexible polymer (polydimenthylsiloxane; PDMS) without additional chemical contamination. The thin film capacitor is composed of sandwich structure of PZT between two metal layers. To embed the capacitor structure in the polymer substrate by dry peel‐off process, three kinds of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) were investigated for adhesion or antiadhesion layer between metal, polymer, and Si substrate, respectively. Also, the MOD's annealing process with SAMs for PZT lamination was investigated. As a result, the PZT capacitors of 1 μm thickness with a perovskite structure were successfully transferred and embedded in PDMS substrate. These results will be useful for fabricating MEMS devices and integration technology of electrical device to a polymer substrate such as capacitors in three‐dimensional integration or for flexible electronics.
Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide with β‐cyclodextrin Modified Palladium Nanoparticles for the Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Sakthinathan Subramanian , Kubendhiran Subbiramaniyan , Chen Shen‐Ming , Sireesha Pedaballi , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Su Chaochin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA sensitive and selective hydrazine sensor was developed by β‐cyclodextrin modified palladium nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO) nanocomposite. The PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO hybrid material was prepared by simple electrochemical method. The hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD ineracts with palladium nanoparticles by hydrophobic interaction and further it is uniformly assembled on the rGO surface through hydrogen bond formation, which is clearly confirmed by FT‐IR, FESEM and TEM. The high electrocatalytic activity of hydrazine oxidation was observed at −0.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) on PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO modified electrode; due to the excellent stabilization, high catalytic activity and large surface area of the PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO composite. The PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO fabricated hydrazine sensor exhibited an excellent analytical performance, including high sensitivity (1.95 μA μM−1 cm−2), lower detection limit (28 nM) and a wide linear range (0.05 to 1600 μM). We also demonstrated that the PdNPs‐β‐CD/rGO nanocomposite modified electrode is a highly selective and sensitive sensor towards detection of hydrazine among the various interfering species. Hence, the proposed hydrazine sensor is able to determine hydrazine in different water samples.
Electrochemically Controlled Ion‐exchange Property of Carbon Nanotubes/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite in Various Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Choi Daiwon , Zhu Chengzhou , Fu Shaofang , Du Dan , Engelhard Mark H. , Lin Yuehe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe electrochemically controlled ion‐exchange properties of multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/electronically conductive polypyrrole (PPy) polymer composite in the various electrolyte solutions have been investigated. The ion‐exchange behavior, rate and capacity of the electrochemically deposited polypyrrole with and without carbon nanotube (CNT) were compared and characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that the presence of carbon nanotube backbone resulted in improvement in ion‐exchange rate, stability of polypyrrole, and higher anion loading capacity per PPy due to higher surface area, electronic conductivity, porous structure of thin film, and thinner film thickness providing shorter diffusion path. Chronoamperometric studies show that electrically switched anion exchange could be completed more than 10 times faster than pure PPy thin film. The anion selectivity of CNT/PPy film is demonstrated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
A Meta‐analysis on the neural basis of planning: Activation likelihood estimation of functional brain imaging results in the Tower of London task
Authors: Nitschke Kai , Köstering Lena , Finkel Lisa , Weiller Cornelius , Kaller Christoph P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ability to mentally design and evaluate series of future actions has often been studied in terms of planning abilities, commonly using well‐structured laboratory tasks like the Tower of London (ToL). Despite a wealth of studies, findings on the specific localization of planning processes within prefrontal cortex (PFC) and on the hemispheric lateralization are equivocal. Here, we address this issue by integrating evidence from two different sources of data: First, we provide a systematic overview of the existing lesion data on planning in the ToL (10 studies, 211 patients) which does not indicate any evidence for a general lateralization of planning processes in (pre)frontal cortex. Second, we report a quantitative meta‐analysis with activation likelihood estimation based on 31 functional neuroimaging datasets on the ToL. Separate meta‐analyses of the activation patterns reported for Overall Planning (537 participants) and for Planning Complexity (182 participants) congruently show bilateral contributions of mid‐dorsolateral PFC, frontal eye fields, supplementary motor area, precuneus, caudate, anterior insula, and inferior parietal cortex in addition to a left‐lateralized involvement of rostrolateral PFC. In contrast to previous attributions of planning‐related brain activity to the entire dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and either its left or right homolog derived from single studies on the ToL, the present meta‐analyses stress the pivotal role specifically of the mid‐dorsolateral part of PFC (mid‐dlPFC), presumably corresponding to Brodmann Areas 46 and 9/46, and strongly argue for a bilateral rather than lateralized involvement of the dlPFC in planning in the ToL. Hum Brain Mapp 38:396–413, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cofactors in allergic reactions to food: physical exercise and alcohol are the most important
Authors: Versluis Astrid , van Os‐Medendorp Harmieke , Kruizinga Astrid G. , Blom W. Marty , Houben Geert F. , Knulst André C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionInvolvement of cofactors, like physical exercise, alcohol consumption and use of several types of medication, are associated with more severe food allergic symptoms. However, there is limited evidence on how often cofactors play a role in food allergic reactions. The study aimed to get more insight into the frequency of exposure to cofactors and how often cofactors are associated with more severe symptoms in food allergic patients.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by patients visiting the Allergology outpatient clinic. Patients with food allergy were included. Outcome measures were the frequency of medication use of medication groups that might act as cofactor and the frequency that physical exercise, alcohol consumption and use of analgesics are associated with more severe food allergic symptoms.ResultsFour hundred ninety‐six patients were included in the study. The frequency with which patients used one or more types of medication that might act as cofactors was 7.7%: antacids/acid neutralizing medication (5%), NSAIDs (2%), beta blockers (0.6%), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (0.6%), and angiotensin receptor blockers (0.2%). Of all patients, 13% reported more severe symptoms to food after involvement of one or more of the cofactors: physical exercise (10%), alcohol consumption (5%), and use of analgesics (0.6%). Sixty‐five percent did not know if these cofactors caused more severe symptoms; 22% reported that these cofactors had no effect.ConclusionsOnly a small percentage of patients (7.7%) used medication that might aggravate food allergic reactions. Physical exercise and alcohol consumption were the most frequently reported cofactors, but occurring still in only 10% or less.