bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The progressive routes for carbon capture and sequestration
Authors: Nanda Sonil , Reddy Sivamohan N. , Mitra Sushanta K. , Kozinski Janusz A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe global warming is directly related to the increased greenhouse gas emissions from both natural and anthropogenic origins. There has been a drastic rise in the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases since the industrial revolution primarily due to the intensifying consumption of fossil fuels. With the need to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate global warming certain strategies relating to carbon capturing and sequestration are indispensable. This paper comprehensively describes several physicochemical, biological and geological routes for carbon capture and sequestration. The trend of the increase in greenhouse gases over the years is illustrated along with the global statistics for fossil fuels usage and biofuels production. The physicochemical carbon capturing technologies discussed include absorption, adsorption, membrane separation and cryogenic distillation. The algal and bacterial systems, dedicated energy crops and coalbed methanogenesis have been vividly explained as the biological routes for carbon sequestration. The geological carbon sequestering route centers on biochar application and oceanic carbon storage. A systematic survey has been made on the origin and impact of greenhouse gases along with the potential for sequestration based on some fast‐track and long‐term sequestration technologies.
Isolation of Marine Paracoccus sp. Ss63 from the Sponge Sarcotragus sp. and Characterization of its Quorum‐Sensing Chemical‐Signaling Molecules by LC‐MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Saurav Kumar , Burgsdorf Ilia , Teta Roberta , Esposito Germana , Bar‐Shalom Rinat , Costantino Valeria , Steindler Laura 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria often use N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum‐sensing (QS) signal molecules. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the production of AHLs by Paracoccus sp. Ss63, which was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Sarcotragus sp. High performance liquid chromatography – high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS) provided evidence for the production, by Paracoccus sp. Ss63, of twelve saturated long‐chain AHLs (3‐OH‐C10‐HSL, 3‐OH‐C12‐HSL, C10‐HSL, 3‐OH‐C14‐HSL, C12‐HSL, 3‐O‐C16‐HSL, 3‐OH‐C16‐HSL, C14‐HSL, 3‐OH‐C18‐HSL, C16‐HSL, 3‐O‐C18‐HSL, and C18‐HSL), along with four putative unsaturated long‐chain AHLs (C10 : 1‐HSL, 3‐OH‐C18 : 1‐HSL, C16 : 1‐HSL, and C18 : 1‐HSL). The distribution of Paracoccus sp. Ss63 in different sponge species, as well as in seawater and marine sediment samples, suggests a mixed lifestyle for this bacterium, i.e., free‐living and host‐associated. The high pH of seawater is likely to inactivate the AHL signal molecules, and limit the possibility of AHLs to accumulate to the concentration required for QS‐based gene regulation. We hypothesize that Paracoccus sp. Ss63 utilizes quorum sensing to sense and respond to the different environments it experiences, with an active QS only when found inside enclosed niches (host‐associated and at lower pH).
Effect of Low‐ and High‐Fat Meals on the Pharmacokinetics of Venetoclax, a Selective First‐in‐Class BCL‐2 Inhibitor
Authors: Salem Ahmed Hamed , Agarwal Suresh K. , Dunbar Martin , Nuthalapati Silpa , Chien David , Freise Kevin J. , Wong Shekman L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVenetoclax is a selective, first‐in‐class, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 inhibitor that has demonstrated clinical efficacy in several hematological malignancies. Two studies evaluated the relative bioavailability of venetoclax in healthy subjects: (1) a bioequivalence study to compare the bioavailability of the film‐coated tablet with that of an earlier uncoated tablet and (2) a food effect study to evaluate the effect of food on venetoclax pharmacokinetics. Both studies were open‐label, single‐dose, crossover studies. In the bioequivalence study, 15 subjects received a single dose of venetoclax 50 mg under nonfasting conditions, in each of 2 periods; one period used the uncoated tablet, and the other used the film‐coated tablet. In the food effect study, 24 subjects received a single dose of venetoclax film‐coated 100‐mg tablet under fasting conditions, after a low‐fat breakfast or after a high‐fat breakfast in different periods. The venetoclax film‐coated tablet was bioequivalent to the uncoated tablet, which indicates that the film coating does not affect bioavailability. The median Tmax of venetoclax was delayed by about 2 hours when administered with food. Compared with fasting conditions, Cmax and AUC increased by approximately 3.4‐fold following a low‐fat breakfast. High‐fat meals increased Cmax and AUC by approximately 50% relative to low‐fat meals. The mean terminal half‐life was comparable between the high‐fat meal and fasting conditions (19.1 versus 16.1 hours). Based on these results and the venetoclax exposure–response profile, venetoclax should be administered with food and without specific recommendations for fat content to ensure adequate and consistent bioavailability.
Skull shapes of the Lissodelphininae: radiation, adaptation and asymmetry
Authors: Galatius Anders , Goodall R. Natalie P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWithin Delphinidae, the sub‐family Lissodelphininae consists of 8 Southern Ocean species and 2 North Pacific species. Lissodelphininae is a result of recent phylogenetic revisions based on molecular methods. Thus, morphological radiation within the taxon has not been investigated previously. The sub‐family consists of ecologically diverse groups such as (1) theCephalorhynchusgenus of 4 small species inhabiting coastal and shelf waters, (2) the robust species in theLagenorhynchusgenus with the coastalLa. australis, the offshoreLa. cruciger, the pelagic speciesLa. obscurusandLa. obliquidens, and (3) the morphologically aberrant genusLissodelphis. Here, the shapes of 164 skulls from adults of all 10 species were compared using 3‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. The Lissodelphininae skulls were supplemented by samples ofLagenorhynchus albirostrisandDelphinus delphisto obtain a context for the variation found within the subfamily. Principal components analysis was used to map the most important components of shape variation on phylogeny. The first component of shape variation described an elongation of the rostrum, lateral and dorsoventral compression of the neurocranium and smaller temporal fossa. The twoLissodelphisspecies were on the high extreme of this spectrum, whileLagenorhynchus australis,La. crucigerandCephalorhynchus heavisidiiwere at the low extreme. Along the second component,La. crucigerwas isolated from the other species by its expanded neurocranium and concave facial profile. Shape variation supports the gross phylogenetic relationships proposed by recent molecular studies. However, despite the great diversity of ecology and external morphology within the subfamily, shape variation of the feeding apparatus was modest, indicating a similar mode of feeding across the subfamily. All 10 species were similar in their pattern of skull asymmetry, but interestingly, two species using narrowband high frequency clicks (La. crucigerandC. hectori) were among the most asymmetric species, contradicting previous interpretations of odontocete skull asymmetry. J. Morphol. 277:776–785, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteolytic and mixed cancer metastasis modulates collagen and mineral parameters within rat vertebral bone matrix
Authors: Burke Mikhail V. , Atkins Ayelet , Akens Margarete , Willett Thomas L. , Whyne Cari M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTMetastatic involvement in vertebral bone diminishes the mechanical integrity of the spine; however minimal data exist on the potential impact of metastases on the intrinsic material characteristics of the bone matrix. Thirty‐four (34) female athymic rats were inoculated with HeLa (N = 17) or Ace‐1 (N = 17) cancer cells lines producing osteolytic or mixed (osteolytic and osteoblastic) metastases, respectively. A maximum of 21 days was allowed between inoculation and rat sacrifice for vertebrae extraction. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to determine modifications in collagen‐I parameters such as proline hydroxylation and the formation of specific enzymatic and non‐enzymatic (pentosidine) cross‐links. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine relative changes in mineral crystallinity, mineral carbonation, mineral/collagen matrix ratio, collagen quality ratio, and proline hydroxylation. HPLC results showed significant increase in the formation of pentosidine and decrease in the formation of the enzymatic cross‐link deoxy‐pryridinoline within osteolytic bone compared to mixed bone. Raman results showed decreased crystallinity, increased carbonation, and collagen quality (aka 1660/1690 sub‐band) ratio with osteolytic bone compared to mixed bone and healthy controls along with an observed increase in proline hydroxylation with metastatic involvement. The mineral/matrix ratio decreased in both osteolytic and mixed bone compared to healthy controls. Quantifying modifications within the intrinsic characteristics of bone tissue will provide a foundation to assess the impact of current therapies on the material behavior of bone tissue in the metastatic spine and highlight targets for the development of new therapeutics and approaches for treatment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2126–2136, 2016.
Osteophyte formation after ACL rupture in mice is associated with joint restabilization and loss of range of motion
Authors: Hsia Allison W. , Anderson Matthew J. , Heffner Mollie A. , Lagmay Earl P. , Zavodovskaya Regina , Christiansen Blaine A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTOsteophytes are a typical radiographic finding during osteoarthritis (OA). Osteophytes are thought to form in response to joint instability; however, the time course of osteophyte formation and joint stabilization following joint injury is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the time course of osteophyte formation and joint function following non‐invasive knee injury in mice. We hypothesized that initial joint instability following knee injury would initiate osteophyte formation, which would in turn restabilize the joint and reduce range of motion (ROM). Mice were subjected to non‐invasive anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Anterior–posterior (AP) joint laxity, ROM, and chondro/osteophyte formation were measured immediately after injury, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post‐injury. Chondrophyte areas at each time point were measured with histology, while mineralized osteophyte volume was determined using micro‐computed tomography. Immediately after ACL rupture, AP joint laxity was increased twofold, while ROM was increased 11.7%. Chondrophytes appeared by 2 weeks post‐injury, corresponding with a decrease in AP joint laxity and ROM. By 8 weeks post‐injury, considerable osteophyte formation was observed around the joint, AP joint laxity returned to control levels, and joint ROM decreased to 61% of control values. These data support a role for chondro/osteophytes in joint restabilization after injury, and provide crucial insight into the time course and pathology of joint degeneration during OA development in the mouse. Statement of Clinical Significance: Results from this study increase understanding of conditions leading to osteophyte formation.© 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:466–473, 2017.
Phytoplankton growth and the interaction of light and temperature: A synthesis at the species and community level
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Thomas Mridul K. , Klausmeier Christopher A. , Litchman Elena 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTemperature strongly affects phytoplankton growth rates, but its effect on communities and ecosystem processes is debated. Because phytoplankton are often limited by light, temperature should change community structure if it affects the traits that determine competition for light. Furthermore, the aggregate response of phytoplankton communities to temperature will depend on how changes in community structure scale up to bulk rates. Here, we synthesize experiments on 57 phytoplankton species to analyze how the growth‐irradiance relationship changes with temperature. We find that light‐limited growth, light‐saturated growth, and the optimal irradiance for growth are all highly sensitive to temperature. Within a species, these traits are co‐adapted to similar temperature optima, but light‐limitation reduces a species' temperature optimum by ∼5°C, which may be an adaptation to how light and temperature covary with depth or reflect underlying physiological correlations. Importantly, the maximum achievable growth rate increases with temperature under light saturation, but not under strong light limitation. This implies that light limitation diminishes the temperature sensitivity of bulk phytoplankton growth, even though community structure will be temperature‐sensitive. Using a database of primary production incubations, we show that this prediction is consistent with estimates of bulk phytoplankton growth across gradients of temperature and irradiance in the ocean. These results indicate that interactions between temperature and resource limitation will be fundamental for explaining how phytoplankton communities and biogeochemical processes vary across temperature gradients and respond to global change.
Ex‐Situ Synthesis of Polythiophene/CeO2 Composite for Carbon Dioxide Sensing
Authors: Barde Rajesh , Nemade Kailash , Waghuley Sandeep 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn the present study, ex‐situ approach of synthesis of polythiophene/CeO2 composite was adopted. The polythiophene used for the preparation of composite was synthesized by chemical route using oxidant TiCl4. The as‐synthesized composite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and UV‐VIS spectroscopy. The various sensing parameters such as sensing response, stability, response time and recovery time of sample was evaluated. The operating temperature of sample was found to be 423 K.
Effect of Tl+ Intercalation on Electrochromic Behavior of Tungsten Heteropolyoxometalate Polymeric Thin Films
Authors: Mane Sambhaji , Walekar Balaji , Kharade Rohini , Mane Rahul , Patil Pramod , Bhosale Popatrao 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTungsten oxide (WO3) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) are an extensively studied EC materials due to its outstanding electrochromic properties. Hence in present investigation Tl+ intercalated tungsten heteropolyoxometalate polymeric thin films have been successfully deposited on the FTO‐coated glass substrates using low cost chemical bath deposition technique. The films formed were uniform and well adherent. For the electrochemical characterization, the standard three‐electrode electrochemical cell was used. The polymeric thin films show good EC properties. By observing various parameters obtained from cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and iono‐optical studies of tungsten heteropolyoxometalate thin films it is clear that, reversibility of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) increases after intercalation of thallium but coloring efficiency (CE) decreases.
Mechanical Behaviors of Rice Husk and Boiled Egg Shell Particles Impregnated Coir‐Polyester Composites
Authors: Bharathiraja G. , Jayabal S. , Kalyana Sundaram S. , Rajamuneeswaran S. , Manjunath B. H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper aims at improving the mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced polyester composites through impregnation of rice husk and boiled egg shell in polyester matrix. The composites sheets were manufactured by varying the fabrication parameters such as fiber length, particulate content and fiber content. The mechanical properties of the fabricated composites were determined as per ASTM standards and the effects of fiber length, particulate content and fiber content on mechanical properties of rice husk and boiled egg shells impregnated coir ‐ polyester composites were studied. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to characterize the fracture behavior of the composites. The investigation witnessed the improvement in mechanical properties on addition of rice husk particulate in coir fiber reinforced polyester composites. Similarly the addition of boiled egg shell in to the composites has enhanced mouldability of the composites. The SEM investigation evidenced the arrest of crack propagation and voids formation on addition of rice husk and egg shell particulates in polyester matrix. This study confirmed the possibility of using rice husk and boiled egg shell impregnated coir fiber reinforced polyester composites in low load bearing applications.
Characterization of Terephthalic Acid Monomer Recycled from Post‐Consumer PET Polymer Bottles
Authors: Ravichandran Sankaranarayanan Ayyakudi , Rajan Vignesh Peranamallur , Aravind Pritham Velamur , Seenivasan A. , Prakash D. Gnana , Ramakrishnan K. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe idea of recycling of PET to obtain terephthalic acid (TPH) monomer is fast gaining traction; therefore it has become imperative to develop standard characterization methods to assess the purity of terephthalic acid using reliable and easily available laboratory equipment/techniques. Experimental studies on recycling of post‐consumer PET waste were conducted in a batch reactor. The PET was subjected to a de‐esterification reaction to break down the ester bonds via alkali decomposition in ethylene glycol at 155 °C under the influence of ultrasound. The end product, terephthalic acid, was characterized for the functional purity using UV‐Visible spectrophotometry, FT‐IR, and thermal methods. The terephthalic acid was ascertained by the characteristic peak at 240 nm using UV‐Visible spectrophotometer and was quantified using a commercially available standard sample of terephthalic acid. The purity of end product was confirmed using FT‐IR and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis.
Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber/Modified Ground Tire Rubber Blends Co‐Vulcanization: Effect of Accelerator Type
Authors: Formela Krzysztof , Formela Magdalena , Thomas Sabu , Haponiuk Józef 
Published: March 2016

SummaryGround tire rubber was thermo‐mechanically modified with using a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. Modification of GTR was conducted in autothermal conditions. Styrene‐butadiene rubber and modified ground tire rubber blends were prepared via two‐roll milling. Obtained compounds were cured with conventional system (sulfur/vulcanization accelerator ratio was 2:1). During this research three commonly vulcanization accelerators (MBT, TBBS, TMTD) were used. Curing characteristics, static mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, resilience), dynamic mechanical properties, swelling degree and thermal properties of obtained SBR/mGTR blends were determined. SBR/modified GTR blends with higher amount of modified GTR shown improvement in tensile strength, on the other hand vulcanization accelerator type had strong influence on curing parameters, tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling degree and glass transition temperature. The best curing and mechanical properties were estimated for SBR/mGTR blend with 50 phr mGTR cured with TMTD accelerator.
Motor and Nonmotor Features of Carriers of the p.A53T Alpha‐Synuclein Mutation: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Papadimitriou Dimitra , Antonelou Roubina , Miligkos Michael , Maniati Matina , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Bostantjopoulou Sevasti , Leonardos Athannassios , Koros Christos , Simitsi Athina , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Kapaki Elisabeth , Alcalay Roy N. , Papadimitriou Alexandros , Athanassiadou Aglaia , Stamelou Maria , Stefanis Leonidas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundG209A SNCA mutation carriers represent an important group of genetic PD. We describe motor and nonmotor features of G209A SNCA mutation carriers.MethodsLongitudinal clinical assessments over 2 years were collected in 22 symptomatic and 8 asymptomatic G209A SNCA mutation carriers. Motor and nonmotor rating scales were administered. Correlations were performed between clinical variables and disease duration or age. Penetrance was calculated using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves.ResultsAsymptomatic carriers did not manifest clear premotor symptoms, but symptomatic carriers often reported that olfactory dysfunction and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder preceded motor symptoms. Prominent motor decline and deterioration of autonomic and cognitive function occurred at follow‐up; such nonmotor features correlated with disease duration, but not age. Disease penetrance was estimated at around 90%.ConclusionsThis study may help to inform clinical trials and provide the basis for studies of disease modifiers in genetic synucleinopathy cohorts. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Advances in Activity Cliff Research
Authors: Dimova Dilyana , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractActivity cliffs, i.e. similar compounds with large potency differences, are of interest from a chemical and informatics viewpoint; as a source of structure‐activity relationship information, for compound optimization, and activity prediction. Herein, recent highlights of activity cliff research are discussed including studies that have further extended our understanding of activity cliffs, yielded unprecedented insights, or paved the way for practical applications.
Prevention of hormonal breast cancer by dietary jamun
Authors: Aqil Farrukh , Jeyabalan Jeyaprakash , Munagala Radha , Singh Inder Pal , Gupta Ramesh C. 
Published: March 2016

ScopeSyzygium cumini (jamun) is perhaps the only berry that has the diversity of anthocyanidins of blueberry and bilberry and the abundance of ellagitannins/ellagic acid of black raspberry. Here, we report the potential of jamun against 17β‐estrogen‐mediated breast cancer and the role of miRNAs and other targets in disease inhibition.Methods and resultsFemale August‐Copenhagen Irish rats were given AIN‐93M diet or diet supplemented with jamun. Two weeks later, animals received 17β‐estradiol and were palpated weekly for the mammary tumors. At the end of 26 weeks, the jamun‐diet significantly delayed the first tumor appearance by 21 days, and reduced the tumor incidence (65% versus 96%), tumor burden (313 ± 95 versus 661 ± 123 mm3) and tumor multiplicity (1.8 ± 0.3 versus 4.2 ± 0.4 tumors/rat) compared to control. The experimental diet significantly reduced the estrogen‐associated growth of pituitary prolactinomas, circulating prolactin and estradiol levels and offset estrogen‐associated increases in mammary cell‐proliferation, estrogen receptor‐alpha (ER‐α), and cyclinD1. miRNAs that were either overexpressed (miR‐182 and miR‐375) or underexpressed (miR‐127 and miR‐206) following estrogen‐treatment were significantly protected by jamun diet.ConclusionsTogether, our data show that jamun significantly offset estrogen‐mediated alterations in mammary cell‐proliferation, ER‐α, cyclinD1, and candidate miRNAs, and that the modulation of these biomarkers correlated with a reduction in mammary carcinogenicity.