bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Changes in the Rainfall Erosivity in Hungary
Authors: Mezősi Gábor , Bata Teodóra 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
According to the forecasts of numerous regional models (eg. REMO, ALADIN, PREGIS), the number of predicted rainfall events decreases, but they are not accompanied by considerably less precipitation. It represents an increase in rainfall intensity. It is logical to ask (if the limitations of the models make it possible) to what extent rainfall intensity is likely to change and where these changes are likely to occur in the long run. Rain intensity is considered to be one of the key causes of soil erosion. If we know which areas are affected by more intense rain erosion, we can identify the areas that are likely to be affected by stronger soil erosion, and we can also choose effective measures to reduce erosion. This information is necessary to achieve the neutral erosion effect as targeted by the EU. We collected the precipitation data of four stations every 30 minute between 2000 and 2013, and we calculated the estimated level of intensity characterizing the Carpathian Basin. Based on these data, we calculated the correlation of the measured data of intensity with the values of the MFI index (the correlation was 0.75). According to a combination of regional climate models, precipitation data could be estimated until 2100, and by calculating the statistical relationship between the previous correlation and this data sequence, we could estimate the spatial and temporal changes of rainfall intensity.
Identification and Spectral Evaluation of Agricultural Crops on Hyperspectral Airborne Data
Authors: Csendes Bálint , Mucsi László 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Hyperspectral remote sensing combined with advanced image processing techniques is an efficient tool for the identification of agricultural crops. In our study we pursued spectral analysis on a relatively small sample area using low number of training points to examine the potential of high resolution imagery. Spectral separability measurements were applied to reveal spectral overlapping between 4 crop species and for the discrimination we also used statistical comparisons such as plotting the PC values and calculating standard deviation of single band reflectance values on our classes. These statistical results were proven to be good indicators of spectral similarity and potential confusion of data samples. The classification of Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) had an overall accuracy of 72% for the four species where the poorest results were obtained from the test points of garlic and sugar beet. Comparing the statistical analyses we concluded that spectral homogeneity does not necessarily have influence on the accuracy of mapping, whereas separability scores strongly correlate with classification results, implying also that preliminary statistical assessments can improve the efficiency of training site selection and provide useful information to specify some technical requirements of airborne hyperspectral surveys.
Strategies to Improve Sustainability in Urban Landscape, Literature Review
Authors: Rakhshandehroo Mehdi , Mohd Yusof Mohd Johari , Arabi Roozbeh , Jahandarfard Rasul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDecreasing green spaces is a significant concern in today’s compact cities while they provide various dimensions of sustainability; therefore, sustainable development has become the key idea to solve a series of environmental, economic and social problems. Because urban green space can be seen from different distinct disciplinary perspectives, this study reviews theories and material based on multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches. Urban development and renewal should be accompanied by a green vision, to insert more plantable spaces into the urban environment. Therefore, sustainable urban planning, design and management are needed to improve urban greening by innovative and creative strategies.
Time-Spatial Contextuality, Complexity, and Integrity of the Development and Cognition of Landscape Ecology (Selected Theoretical and Meta-Scientific Aspects)
Authors: Žigrai Florin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The view of the development and cognition of landscape ecology should not be an isolated one. In order to comprehend the connection, complexity and cohesion of natural and social nature which influence the genesis, development and function of landscape ecology should be studied in time-spatial and landscape-ecological contextuality, complexity and integrity. This paper is devoted to the topic of time-spatial contextuality, complexity, and integrity of landscape ecology as a science approached from two points of view: firstly, the potential development of landscape ecology reflecting its object and approach of research and secondly, cognition of landscape ecology by landscape ecologists, i.e. subject of landscape ecological research. The mission of this paper is to at least partially enlighten so far less studied meta-scientific research field by means of selected theoretical and meta-scientific aspects.
Improvement of bio-compatible AZ61 magnesium alloy corrosion resistance by fluoride conversion coating
Authors: Drábiková J. , Pastorek F. , Fintová S. , Doležal P. , Wasserbauer J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys are perspective bio-degradable materials used mainly due to their mechanical properties similar to those of mammal bones. Potential problems in utilization of magnesium alloys as bio-materials may relate to their rapid degradation which is associated with resorption problems and intensive hydrogen evolution. These problems can be eliminated by magnesium alloys surface treatment. Therefore, this work aims with analysis of the influence of fluoride conversion coating on corrosion characteristics of magnesium alloy. Unconventional technique by insertion of wrought magnesium alloy AZ61 into molten Na[BF4] salt at temperature of 450 °C at different treatment times was used for fluoride conversion coating preparation. The consequent effect of the coating on magnesium alloy corrosion was analyzed by means of linear polarization in simulated body fluid solution at 37 ± 2 °C. The obtained results prove that this method radically improve corrosion resistance of wrought AZ61magnesium alloy even in the case of short time of coating preparation.
Wear of PVD coated tools for joining by clinching method
Authors: Kubík R. , Kaščák Ľ. , Spišák E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Clinching is a joining method in which sheet metal parts are deformed locally by creating a mechanical interlock without the use of any additional elements such as screws or rivets. Steel sheets are plastically deformed and the shape of the tools remains theoretically unchanged during the clinching process. The clinching tool with a rigid die of ø5 mm with a specially formed gap and a punch of ø3.6 mm were used for mechanical joining of hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel sheets HCT600X of 0.8 mm thickness. The punch and die were deposited by PVD coating of CrN and TiCN type with LARC technology. The state of the coating was evaluated and documented by scanning electron microscopy – SEM. The wear of the coating was evaluated after each 50 manufactured joints starting with the initial state of tool.
Morphological probabilistic hierarchies for
texture segmentation
Authors: Jeulin Dominique 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A general methodology is introduced for texture segmentation in binary, scalar, or multispectral
images. Textural information is obtained from morphological operations on images. Starting from a fine partition
of the image in regions, hierarchical segmentations are designed in a probabilistic framework by means
of probabilistic distances conveying the textural or morphological information, and of random markers accounting
for the morphological content of the regions and of their spatial arrangement. The probabilistic
hierarchies are built from binary or multiple fusion of regions.
Experimental Electric Vehicle eŠus Gen2
Authors: Břoušek Josef , Bukvic Martin , Jandura Pavel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In the introduction to the article, the conception and development of an experimental electric vehicle is described. It is followed by a description of the used mechanical and electrical components in combination with the design solutions of sub-units, such as the vehicle powertrain and traction battery. The choice of components and design solutions is evaluated here with regard to the current trends in the development of battery electric vehicles.
Overview and Trends in Automotive Gearboxes of Standard Powertrains
Authors: Achtenová Gabriela 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this article we present an overview and summarize trends in automotive gearboxes of standard powertrains. The majority of data used in the statistics are obtained from Catalogue de la Revue Automobile published in years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2012 and 2015. Observed statistical data gives overview about trends in technical parameter of automotive transmissions. Only “standard powertrains”, where the only energy source is the internal combustion engines are taken into account. The hybridization or electrification of powertrains was not an issue on the beginning of the study.
Can β-D-Glucan Protect Oat Seeds against a Heat Stress?
Authors: Havrlentová Michaela , Deáková Ľubomíra , Kraic Ján , Žofajová Alžbeta 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlants have evolved to live in environments where they are often exposed to different stress factors. Being sessile, they have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to detect precisely environmental changes and respond to complex conditions, minimizing damage while conserving valuable resources for growth and reproduction. The cell wall polysaccharide β-D-glucan observed in some species of Poales can determine responses to various environmental factors in specific plant developmental stages. It is located in the outer epidermal layer, at the place of stress attack and therefore its metabolism could relate to response of plant to environmental factors within moderate, physiological range. Putative protective role of β-D-glucan during heat stress was indicated through naked oats with higher content of β-D-glucan. It appeared that oats with higher β-D-glucan content are better adapted to stress conditions. The presented article discusses the β-D-glucan as a possible protective mechanism in oat during (heat) stress conditions.
Beta-1,3-Glucanase Activities in Wheat and Relative Species
Authors: Moravčíková Jana , Margetínyová Denisa , Gálová Zdenka , Žur Iwona , Gregorová Zuzana , Zimová Mária , Boszorádová Eva , Matušíková Ildikó 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The (1,3)-β-D-glucan also referred to as callose is a main component of cell walls of higher plants. Many physiological processes are associated with the changes in callose deposition. Callose is synthesised by the callose synthase complex while its degradation is regulated by the hydrolytic enzymes β-1,3-glucanases. The latter one specifically degrade (1,3)-β-D-glucans. This work is aimed to study β-1,3-glucanase activities in the leaves of plants at two leaf stage in two diploids (Agilops tauschii, Triticum monococcum L.), four tetraploids (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. triuncialis, T. araraticum, T. dicoccum) and two hexaploids (T. aestivum L, T. spelta L.). The leaves were subjected to qualitative and quantitative β-1,3-glucanase activity assays. Our results showed that the total β-1,3-glucanase activities were variable and genotype dependent. No significant correlation between β-1,3-glucanase activities and ploidy level was observed. The gel activity assays revealed a single fraction of ~52 kDa Glu1 that was found in all genotypes. The Glu1 fraction corresponds to a single or two acidic Glu isoforms in dependence on genotype. However, none of the acidic Glu fractions can be assigned as a specific for di-, tetra- or hexaploid genotypes. A single basic GluF isoform was detected and found as present in all genotypes.
Natural Microflora of Raw Cow Milk and their Enzymatic Spoilage Potential
Authors: Pukančíková Lucia , Lipničanová Sabina , Kačániová Miroslava , Chmelová Daniela , Ondrejovič Miroslav 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify the main microbiota in raw cow milk from dairy farm of Slovakia and to describe the selected microorganisms responsible for thermostable protease and lipase production which can affected the quality of dairy products. The main bacterial classes identifying by MALDI-TOF MS were Gammaproteobacteria (62 %), Actinobacteria (19 %) and Bacilli (12 %). The dominant microbial genus of raw cow milk was Pseudomonas. From milk bacteria, the strain Lactococcus lactis and from the family Enterobacteriaceae, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter braakii and Raoultella ornithinolytica were observed in raw milk. The spoilage of milk products is caused by thermostable enzymes with lipolytic and proteolytic activity. Qualitative proteolytic and lipolytic activities were performed on skin milk agar and olive oil, respectively. From 16 identified microorganisms, only 8 strains (P. fragii, P. gessardii, P. lundesis, H. alvei, C. braakii, R. ornithinolytica, Kocuria rhizophila and Candida inconspicua) showed protease activity. Quantitative protease and lipase activities were determined by casein and olive oil, respectively. The highest both activities were measured for the genus Pseudomonas. While lipases produced by all isolated microbial species lose enzymatic activity at 77 °C for 30 – 40 min, almost proteases showed comparable activities during whole pasteurization experiment at selected experimental conditions (70 °C, 40 min).
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectral Properties of Copper(II) 2-Chloronicotinato Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Ligands
Authors: Miklovič Jozef , Valigura Dušan , Svoboda Ingrid , Moncol Ján , Mazúr Milan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of nine new copper(II) complexes [Cu(2-Clnic)2L2] (where 2-Clnic is 2-chloronicotinate anion, L is imidazole – Im, benzimidazole – Bim, furo[3,2-c]pyridine – FP, 2-methylfuro[3,2-c]pyridine – MFP, or [1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine – BFP), [Cu(2-Clnic)2(INA)] (where INA is isonicotinamide), [Cu(2-Clnic)2(4-py)]·H2O (where 4-py is 4-methylpyridine) and [Cu2(2-Clnic)4(IQ)2] (where IQ is isoquinoline) are reported. The characterizations were based on elemental analysis, infrared, electronic and EPR spectra. The dimeric character of [Cu2(2-Clnic)4(IQ)2] is assumed on the EPR spectrum and the other spectral methods. The crystal structure of the [Cu(2-Clnic)2(Bim)2] and [Cu(2-Clnic)2(FP)2] complexes have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Both complexes exhibit the hexacoordination coordination polyhedra around copper atom that lies in the crystallographic center of symmetry. The distorted tetragonal-bipyramidal (4+2) arrangement is in good agreement with spectral data that have suggested an asymmetric chelate coordination of the carboxylic group.
The Information and Data Protection Commissioner’s Effectiveness on Transparency
Authors: Asllani Dorina Ndreka 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe new Albanian law of 2014 “On the Right of Information” fully reformed the existing system regarding the obligation of the public-administration institutions to make available public data to any interested party. Inspired by Western European countries’ models like the UK, Sweden, Spain, Germany, etc. it created the Information and Data Protection Commissioner. Considered a special form of external control, the new Institution has the obligation to guarantee the citizens’ right to access public data and, at the same time, to have their personal data protected.The 2014 law makes considerable changes compared with the previous law by liberalizing the citizens’ access on public data, making it possible for anyone to request and obtain information considered public, without the need to explain their motives. Notwithstanding, the main novelty is the Information Commissioner, whose main role is to supervise, control and assist the new law implementation. Bearing this in mind, the aim of the paper is to analyze the activity of the Information Commissioner and its decision-making, in order to answer the question whether this new institution will be able to implement the new law and its ambitious objectives. The available data on complaints addressed to the Commissioner, their resolution’s modalities and the willingness of the Commissioner to decide when deemed necessary will help in assessing how effective the implementation of the new law and the new institution has been so far, considering that transparency is one of the main pillars of a responsible public administration.
Transparency and Trust in Government (2007–2014): A Comparative Study
Authors: Mabillard Vincent , Pasquier Martial 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article exposes contemporary approaches to transparency and trust. It explores the links between the two concepts in 10 countries between 2007 and 2014, using open-data indexes and access-to-information requests as proxies for transparency. So far, most studies have focused on conceptual models, specific aspects of transparency in particular case studies or have compared legal frameworks from different countries. Here, data about citizens’ requests to get access to administrative documents have been gathered. This dataset, combined with existing indexes on open data and government, has enabled us to establish a national ranking, particularly useful in a comparative perspective. Data about trust have been collected from reports published by international organisations. Key findings prove that there is no sharp decline of trust in government in all countries considered in this article. They also tend to show that transparency and trust in government are not systematically positively associated. Therefore, this article challenges the common assumption, mostly found in the normative literature, about a positive interrelation between the two, where trust in government is conceived as a beneficial effect of administrative transparency. Finally, it suggests that mis(trust) may be considered a key driver of transparency and would as such call for more transparency from public bodies.
Main Factors Determining the Slovak Tax System Performance
Authors: Burak Emil , Nemec Juraj 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The main goal of this paper was to identify the main factors determining the performance of the Slovak tax system. For practical reasons, we decided to deal with all of the potentially relevant dimensions that can be included in the theme – from tax policy to tax administration. The paper is based on primary and secondary data; it combines qualitative and quantitative research methods. The primary data were collected in two rounds, with long-term research about the needs perceived by tax officials and with the “Delphi method”. The comparison of the opinions of tax officials and tax experts with the existing evidence serves as the basis for the paper’s conclusions and policy proposals. The research shows that the most important areas mentioned by tax officials and experts are relevant (to simplify tax collection, to decrease tax bureaucracy, to provide better information about the tax system to businesses and citizens and to improve tax administration services). However, the second most frequent answer by tax officials (to decrease the tax burden) is somewhat disputable – the research indicates the existence of some level of tax illusion, even at the level of tax administration professionals. The research also reveals the relatively low priority given to the need to increase the level of risk connected with tax evasion, which is surprising because the data clearly indicate a very high level of tax fraud in the country.
Between Two Places: Archaeology and Metal-detecting in Europe
Authors: Deckers Pieterjan , Lewis Michael , Thomas Suzie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSince the Valletta Convention (1992), the debate concerning non-professional archaeological
metal-detecting in Europe has been conducted largely at the level of individual legislations. Papers
in this Topical Issue take stock of current knowledge of and attitudes towards metal-detecting across
Europe; its nature and impact as well as the policies and approaches that arise from it within professional
archaeology and heritage management. With this collection of papers, the editors aim to stimulate a
more unified debate and, ultimately, a common understanding of ethics and best practices in relation to
metal-detecting that transcends national and jurisdictional boundaries in Europe.
Atticism: The Language of 5th-century
Oratory or a Quantifiable Stylistic
Phenomenon?
Authors: Bozia Eleni 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper comparatively explores Atticism as it first appeared in fifth-century Greek oratory
and was later revived by Imperial Greek authors. Using Dionysius’ of Halicarnassus and his appreciations
of oratory and orators as a frame of reference and then expanding his inferences on works of Imperial era,
I attempt to parameterize Atticism as a phenomenon. Ultimately this study will apprise us of the usage of
Atticism in Imperial Roman oratory as well, as it then becomes obvious that Atticism has transcended the
boundaries of language and has transformed into a constructional rhetorical system. This paper employs
a unified node-based metric formulation for implementing various syntactical construction metrics,
indicative of the syntactical attributes of the sentences. The developed metrics were applied to annotated
texts of six authors, which were then comparatively examined using Principal Component Analysis.
Imitation of human expressions based on emotion estimation by mental simulation
Authors: Horii Takato , Nagai Yukie , Asada Minoru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHumans can express their own emotion and estimate the emotional states of others during communication. This paper proposes a unified model that can estimate the emotional states of others and generate emotional self-expressions. The proposed model utilizes a multimodal restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) —a type of stochastic neural network. RBMs can abstract latent information from input signals and reconstruct the signals from it. We use these two characteristics to rectify issues affecting previously proposed emotion models: constructing an emotional representation for estimation and generation for emotion instead of heuristic features, and actualizing mental simulation to infer the emotion of others from their ambiguous signals. Our experimental results showed that the proposed model can extract features representing the distribution of categories of emotion via self-organized learning. Imitation experiments demonstrated that using our model, a robot can generate expressions better than with a direct mapping mechanism when the expressions of others contain emotional inconsistencies.Moreover, our model can improve the estimated belief in the emotional states of others through the generation of imaginary sensory signals from defective multimodal signals (i.e., mental simulation). These results suggest that these abilities of the proposed model can facilitate emotional human–robot communication in more complex situations.