bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life stress and worry in New Zealand Māori and non-Māori women in late pregnancy
Authors: Signal T Leigh , Paine Sarah-Jane , Sweeney Bronwyn , Muller Diane , Priston Monique , Lee Kathryn , Gander Philippa , Huthwaite Mark 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To describe the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the level of life stress and worry in late pregnancy for Māori and non-Māori women. Methods: In late pregnancy, women completed a questionnaire recording their prior history of mood disorders; self-reported current depressive symptoms (⩾13 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), current anxiety symptoms (⩾6 on the anxiety items from the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), significant life stress (⩾2 items on life stress scale) and dysfunctional worry (>12 on the Brief Measure of Worry Scale). Results: Data were obtained from 406 Māori women (mean age = 27.6 years, standard deviation=6.3 years) and 738 non-Māori women (mean age = 31.6 years, standard deviation=5.3 years). Depressive symptoms (22% vs 15%), anxiety symptoms (25% vs 20%), significant life stress (55% vs 30%) and a period of poor mood during the current pregnancy (18% vs 14%) were more prevalent for Māori than non-Maori women. Less than 50% of women who had experienced ⩾2 weeks of poor mood during the current pregnancy had sought help. Being young was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms, significant life stress and dysfunctional worry. A prior history of depression was also consistently associated with a greater risk of negative affect in pregnancy. Conclusion: Antenatal mental health requires at least as much attention and resourcing as mental health in the postpartum period. Services need to specifically target Māori women, young women and women with a prior history of depression.
Implantation of the Jarvik 2000® left ventricular assist device using the miniaturized extracorporeal circulation system – a case report
Authors: Formica Francesco , Bamodu Oluwaseun Adebayo , Mariani Serena , Caruso Rosa , Sangalli Fabio , Paolini Giovanni 
Published: January 2016

Myocardial failure is generally considered to be a progressive, irreversible medical condition with characteristic ventricular enlargement, spatial alteration of the heart chambers, diminished cardiac inotropy and resultant dysfunctional, mechanically inefficient heart. The Jarvik 2000®, similar to the mechanical pump, is an electrically powered, axial-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) designed to enhance the function of the chronically failing heart and, consequently, normalize the cardiac output for a long period of time. We report the case of 70-year-old man with congestive dilated cardiomyopathy and bioprosthetic mitral valve who underwent surgical implantation of the Jarvik 2000® LVAD, using the miniaturized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) system. The LVAD was implanted through a left thoracotomy and the MECC system was used to avoid intraoperative spontaneous hemodynamic instability and/or malignant ventricular arrhythmia. The circulatory support with the MECC system was optimal and no complication in terms of hemodynamic instability and perioperative bleeding was recorded. The MECC system obliterated the adverse effects associated with conventional extracorporeal circulation, which are often fatal in critically-ill patients.
Classification of fatty and dense breast parenchyma: comparison of automatic volumetric density measurement and radiologists’ classification and their inter-observer variation
Authors: Østerås Bjørn Helge , Martinsen Anne Catrine T , Brandal Siri Helene B , Chaudhry Khalida Nasreen , Eben Ellen , Haakenaasen Unni , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Skaane Per 
Published: January 2016

Background Automatically calculated breast density is a promising alternative to subjective BI-RADS density assessment. However, such software needs a cutoff value for density classification. Purpose To determine the volumetric density threshold which classifies fatty and dense breasts with highest accuracy compared to average BI-RADS density assessment, and to analyze radiologists’ inter-observer variation. Material and Methods A total of 537 full field digital mammography examinations were randomly selected from a population based screening program. Five radiologists assessed density using the BI-RADS density scale, where BI-RADS I–II were classified as fatty and III–IV as dense. A commercially available software (Quantra) calculated volumetric breast density. We calculated the cutoff (threshold) values in volumetric density that yielded highest accuracy compared to median and individual radiologists’ classification. Inter-observer variation was analyzed using the kappa statistic. Results The threshold that best matched the median radiologists’ classification was 10%, which resulted in 87% accuracy. Thresholds that best matched individual radiologist’s classification had a range of 8–15%. A total of 191 (35.6 %) cases were scored both dense and fatty by at least one radiologist. Fourteen (2.6 %) cases were unanimously scored by the radiologists, yet differently using automatic assessment. The agreement (kappa) between reader’s median classification and individual radiologists was 0.624 to 0.902, and agreement between median classification and Quantra was 0.731. Conclusion The optimal volumetric threshold of 10% using automatic assessment would classify breast parenchyma as fatty or dense with substantial accuracy and consistency compared to radiologists’ BI-RADS categorization, which suffers from high inter-observer variation.
Iterative reconstruction: comparison of techniques for reduced-dose liver computed tomography following transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cha Min Jae , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Choi Dongil , Kim Young Kon , Lim Sanghyeok , Choi Seo-Youn , Lee Won Jae 
Published: January 2016

Background Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms have the potential to reduce dose while maintaining image quality. Purpose To compare computed tomography (CT) image quality and diagnostic performance among three reconstruction techniques – ASIR, MBIR, and filtered back projection (FBP) – after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Material and Methods Of 60 patients that underwent initial TACE for HCCs, half underwent dynamic liver CT with conventional scanning protocol, and the other half with dose reduction to approximately 60% of conventional exposure. All images were reconstructed using three algorithms: FBP, ASIR, and MBIR. For objective analysis, image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared. For subjective analysis, three radiologists independently assessed image quality. Ability to detect viable HCCs was also evaluated. Results MBIR and ASIR produced images with less noise and higher SNR compared with FBP regardless of radiation dosage ( P < 0.017). However, in terms of subjective parameters, such as image blotchiness, artifacts, and overall quality, MBIR was inferior to FBP and ASIR ( P < 0.001). Regarding diagnostic performance, there were no significant differences among reviewers in the detection of viable HCCs depending on the reconstruction algorithm, regardless of the dose reduction protocol ( P > 0.017). Conclusion Although subjective evaluations suggest that MBIR images are of lower quality compared with FBP and ASIR regardless of radiation dosage, there were no significant differences among reconstruction algorithms in diagnosis of viable HCC after TACE.
Reality, virtual reality, and imagery: Quality of movement in novice dart players
Authors: Kehoe Reggie , Rice Martin 
Published: January 2016

Introduction Meaning and purpose have been tenets of occupational therapy since the profession’s inception. Therefore, it is important to understand how to best employ these central concepts in practice. One way to do this is to study the “same” task under materials-based, imagery-based, and virtual reality conditions. Method Participants included 34 adult novice dart players, each of whom experienced all three conditions in a randomized order. Motion capture technology was used to evaluate the quality of motion during the three conditions. Results Similarities between the materials-based and imagery-based condition ( p > 0.0167) suggest participants utilized preconceived concepts of throwing real darts during these two conditions. Differences between the virtual reality and imagery-based conditions ( p < 0.0167) suggest that the virtual reality condition utilized a different motor performance, focusing less on perceptions of throwing darts and more on achieving successes within the virtual environment. Conclusion Implications are that utilizing materials-based occupations may be more efficient than imagery-based to enhance development of a skill; imagery-based performance is more similar to the materials-based performance than the virtual reality performance. Virtual reality occupations can be utilized should the patient find meaning and purpose in virtual reality occupations or if the patient cannot engage in a materials-based counterpart.
Proper Cartilage Status for Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Cannot Be Accurately Determined by Patient Symptoms
Authors: Lee Bum-Sik , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Kim Jae Hyan , Han Geun-Won 
Published: January 2016

Background: Candidates for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) often already have a significant cartilage lesion when they present with a symptomatic knee. However, the level of symptoms required for MAT to be performed is poorly defined, leading to difficulties in selecting patients and the potential for further cartilage loss. Purpose: To evaluate if various clinical evaluation scores reflect the articular cartilage status of the lateral compartment preoperatively in symptomatic, lateral meniscus–deficient knees. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 113 consecutive patients who underwent lateral MAT were reviewed. All patients were preoperatively assessed by the most common patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Lysholm knee scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form, and Tegner activity scale. The maximum grade from the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale on either femoral or tibial articular cartilage was used for a correlation analysis between PROMs and ICRS grades and a comparison of PROMs between patients with low-grade (ICRS grade ≤2) and high-grade (ICRS grade 3 or 4) cartilage degeneration. Results: More than half of the patients had high-grade cartilage degeneration, even though their mean VAS pain score was low (3.1 ± 1.3). There were no significant relationships between ICRS grades and PROMs, except for the IKDC subjective score, which was weakly associated with the ICRS grade (Spearman ρ test, 2-sided, ρ = −.200, P = .034). When comparing patients with low-grade versus high-grade cartilage degeneration, there were no differences in PROMs except for the Lysholm score (67.8 ± 14.7 vs 62.3 ± 13.9, respectively; P = .044). Notably, 37 of 58 patients (63.8%) with high-grade chondral lesions only felt pain during severe exertion. Conclusion: Mild or tolerable symptoms did not necessarily mean that articular cartilage was well preserved in patients undergoing MAT. The study findings suggest a need for close observation and greater caution concerning possible chondral damage in the treatment of meniscus-deficient knees.
Increased oxidative stress and plasma Hsp70 levels among gasoline filling station attendants
Authors: Xia Bing , Chen Kangcheng , Lv Yingnan , Huang Damin , Liu Jing , Liang Guiqiang , Zhang Li’e , Wang Fenfen , Su Cheng , Zou Yunfeng , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: January 2016

Objectives: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) and is used as an antiknock agent and octane enhancer in gasoline. In this article, we tested the oxidative stress and heat stress protein (Hsp) 70 levels of gasoline station attendants to explore potential plasma biomarkers. Furthermore, the dose–response relationship was also identified. Methods: A total of 144 workers, including 96 petrol fillers and 48 cashiers, participated in the study. Ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and Mn were monitored at nine filling stations. During the measuring process, the individual cumulative exposure index was calculated. Plasma oxidative stress and Hsp70 levels were also analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The BTEX time-weighted average in office areas was significantly lower than in refuelling areas ( p < 0.05). In refuelling areas, the content of Mn ranged from 6.44 μg/m3 to 127.34 μg/m3, which was much higher than that in office areas (3.16–7.22 μg/m3; p < 0.05). Exposed workers had significantly different plasma oxidative stress indicators compared with the control group, respectively: superoxide dismutase (SOD), 39.18 ± 6.05 U/mL versus 52.84 ± 3.87 U/mL; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 186.07 ± 15.63 U versus 194.38 ± 10.42 U; and malondialdehyde (MDA), 1.68 ± 0.52 nmol/L versus 1.43 ± 0.64 nmol/L (in all comparisons, p < 0.05). Plasma Hsp70 level in the exposed group (2.77 ± 0.64 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.87 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Furthermore, Hsp70 levels were inversely correlated with the activities of SOD ( r = −0.305) and GSH-Px ( r = −0.302) in the exposed group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation ( r = 0.653) was found between plasma Hsp70 levels and plasma MDA levels ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to MMT-containing gasoline may result in increasing reactive oxygen stress among filling station attendants. Plasma Hsp70 levels could be used as a sensitive responsive biomarker for exposed workers.
Active bearing force reduction in non-commutated linear actuators
Authors: Poltschak Florian 
Published: January 2016

Planar linear magnetic actuators are used in a wide range of industrial applications. Permanent magnet movers in particular allow high axial thrust forces, which result in considerable destabilizing stiffness in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion. These forces, which can reduce bearing lifetime significantly, must therefore be stabilized with linear bearings. This paper introduces an integrated active bearing-force compensation concept that minimizes the forces acting on the mechanical bearings. The potential and limits of bearing force compensation are analyzed based on a short-stroke linear actuator with an E-shaped stator. Further, the extent to which bearing forces can be compensated for, even with simple actuator layouts, is described. Particularly in linear oscillating drives, such compensation can (i) significantly reduce wear and thus improve lifetime and (ii) reduce the size of mechanical bearings. Measurements of a prototype system confirm the simulated results.
Glycemic Status and Infection Risk in Nondiabetic Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Hammer Marilyn J. , Melkus Gail D’Eramo , Knobf M. Tish , Casper Corey , Fletcher Jason , Cleland Charles M. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematological malignancies experience a number of challenges during treatment. There is growing evidence that malglycemia (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and/or increased glycemic variability) contributes to HCT-related complications, even in patients without preexisting diabetes. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate factors influencing glycemic status and associated infection occurrences in nondiabetic autologous HCT recipients. Methods: Oncology patients without preexisting diabetes treated with autologous HCT at a National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center were followed from admission through discharge or 28 days post-HCT. Patients had morning fasting laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between BG levels and risk for infection while adjusting for baseline covariates including age, body mass index (BMI), cumulative glucocorticoid dose, and diagnosis. Results: The sample included 28 female and 25 male predominately non-Hispanic White patients (mean age 55.7 years, SD = 11.32). Blood glucose (BG) range was 35–325 mg/dl. Twenty-three patients incurred at least one infection. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was associated with high BG and infections. In the multivariate Cox model, an increase of 1 interquartile range in BG 2 days before infection was associated with a moderately increased risk of infection (hazard ratio = 1.44, p = .008). Conclusions: Understanding the contributors to and consequences of malglycemic events can lead to better protocols for identifying patients at greater risk for infection. Further investigation is warranted for interventions to mitigate BG events for improved outcomes.
Qualitative Descriptive Methods in Health Science Research
Authors: Colorafi Karen Jiggins , Evans Bronwynne 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The purpose of this methodology paper is to describe an approach to qualitative design known as qualitative descriptive that is well suited to junior health sciences researchers because it can be used with a variety of theoretical approaches, sampling techniques, and data collection strategies. Background: It is often difficult for junior qualitative researchers to pull together the tools and resources they need to embark on a high-quality qualitative research study and to manage the volumes of data they collect during qualitative studies. This paper seeks to pull together much needed resources and provide an overview of methods. Methods: A step-by-step guide to planning a qualitative descriptive study and analyzing the data is provided, utilizing exemplars from the authors’ research. Results: This paper presents steps to conducting a qualitative descriptive study under the following headings: describing the qualitative descriptive approach, designing a qualitative descriptive study, steps to data analysis, and ensuring rigor of findings. Conclusions: The qualitative descriptive approach results in a summary in everyday, factual language that facilitates understanding of a selected phenomenon across disciplines of health science researchers.
Podoplanin-positive periarteriolar stromal cells promote megakaryocyte growth and proplatelet formation in mice by CLEC-2
Authors: Tamura Shogo , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue , Tsukiji Nagaharu , Shirai Toshiaki , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Osada Makoto , Satoh Kaneo , Ozaki Yukio 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
BM FRC-like cells regulate megakaryocytic clonal expansion via CLEC-2/PDPN interactions. CLEC-2/PDPN binding stimulates BM FRC-like cells to secrete the proplatelet formation-promoting factor, CCL5.
The molecular basis of hypertrophic scars
Authors: Zhu Zhensen , Ding Jie , Tredget Edward E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHypertrophic scars (HTS) are caused by dermal injuries such as trauma and burns to the deep dermis, which are red, raised, itchy and painful. They can cause cosmetic disfigurement or contractures if craniofacial areas or mobile region of the skin are affected. Abnormal wound healing with more extracellular matrix deposition than degradation will result in HTS formation. This review will introduce the physiology of wound healing, dermal HTS formation, treatment and difference with keloids in the skin, and it also review the current advance of molecular basis of HTS including the involvement of cytokines, growth factors, and macrophages via chemokine pathway, to bring insights for future prevention and treatment of HTS.
Pheo-Type: A Diagnostic Gene-expression Assay for the Classification of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Flynn Aidan , Dwight Trisha , Harris Jessica , Benn Diana , Zhou Li , Hogg Annette , Catchpoole Daniel , James Paul , Duncan Emma L. , Trainer Alison , Gill Anthony J. , Clifton-Bligh Roderick , Hicks Rodney J. , Tothill Richard W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context:
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are heritable neoplasms that can be classified into gene-expression subtypes corresponding to their underlying specific genetic drivers.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop a diagnostic and research tool (Pheo-type) capable of classifying PPGL tumors into gene-expression subtypes that could be used to guide and interpret genetic testing, determine surveillance programs, and aid in elucidation of PPGL biology.

Design:
A compendium of published microarray data representing 205 PPGL tumors was used for the selection of subtype-specific genes that were then translated to the Nanostring gene-expression platform. A support vector machine was trained on the microarray dataset and then tested on an independent Nanostring dataset representing 38 familial and sporadic cases of PPGL of known genotype (RET, NF1, TMEM127, MAX, HRAS, VHL, and SDHx). Different classifier models involving between three and six subtypes were compared for their discrimination potential.

Results:
A gene set of 46 genes and six endogenous controls was selected representing six known PPGL subtypes; RTK1–3 (RET, NF1, TMEM127, and HRAS), MAX-like, VHL, and SDHx. Of 38 test cases, 34 (90%) were correctly predicted to six subtypes based on the known genotype to gene-expression subtype association. Removal of the RTK2 subtype from training, characterized by an admixture of tumor and normal adrenal cortex, improved the classification accuracy (35/38). Consolidation of RTK and pseudohypoxic PPGL subtypes to four- and then three-class architectures improved the classification accuracy for clinical application.

Conclusions:
The Pheo-type gene-expression assay is a reliable method for predicting PPGL genotype using routine diagnostic tumor samples.
From where to what: a neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans
Authors: Poliva Oren 
Published: January 2016

In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobe (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and integration of calls with faces. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in non-human primates is the detection and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Detection of contact calls occurs by the ADS identifying a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. Once a contact call is detected, the primate produces a contact call in return via descending connections from the frontal lobe to a network of limbic and brainstem regions.Because the ADS of present day humans also performs speech production, I further propose an evolutionary course for the transition from contact call exchange to an early form of speech. In accordance with this model, structural changes to the ADS endowed early members of the genusHomowith partial vocal control. This development was beneficial as it enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling high or low levels of distress to their mother. Eventually, individuals were capable of participating in yes-no question-answer conversations. In these conversations the offspring emitted a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects (e.g., food), and his/her mother responded with a high- or low-level distress call to signal approval or disapproval of the interaction. Gradually, the ADS and its connections with brainstem motor regions became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Speech emerged once vocal control was sufficient for inventing novel calls.