bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating individualized glycaemic targets using an algorithm based on expert worldwide diabetologists: Implications in real‐life clinical practice
Authors: Alvarez‐Guisasola Fernando , Cebrián‐Cuenca Ana M. , Cos Xavier , Ruiz‐Quintero Manuel , Millaruelo Jose M. , Cahn Avivit , Raz Itamar , Orozco‐Beltrán Domingo ,   on behalf of the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Group
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical implications of calculating an individualized HbA1c target using a recently published algorithm in a real‐life clinical setting.MethodsGeneral practitioners (GPs) from the Spanish Society of Family Medicine Diabetes Expert Group were invited to participate in the study. Each GP selected a random sample of patients with diabetes from his or her practice and submitted their demographic and clinical data for analysis. Individualized glycaemic targets were calculated according to the algorithm. Predictors of good glycaemic control were studied. The rate of patients attaining their individualized glycaemic target or the uniform target of HbA1c < 7.0% was calculated.ResultsForty GPs included 408 patients in the study. Of the 8 parameters included in the algorithm, “comorbidities,” “risk of hypoglycaemia from treatment,” and “diabetes duration” had the greatest impact on determining the individualized glycaemic target. Number of glucose‐lowering agents and adherence were independently associated with glycaemic control. Overall, 60.5% of patients had good glycaemic control per individualized target, and 56.1% were well controlled per the uniform target of HbA1c < 7.0% (P = .20). However, 12.8% (23 of 246) of the patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% were adequately controlled per individualized target, and 2.6% (6 of 162) of the patients with HbA1c < 7.0% were uncontrolled since their individualized target was lower.ConclusionsIn a real‐life clinical setting, applying individualized targets did not change the overall rate of patients with good glycaemic control yet led to reclassification of 7.1% (29 of 408) of the patients. More studies are needed to validate these results in different populations.
Co‐morbidities in Chinese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disabilities
Authors: Wang Li‐Chih , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa 
Published: December 2017

The co‐morbidity of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorder (RD) is more frequent than expected. This investigation assessed the potential uniqueness of the co‐morbidity of ADHD and RD and extended existing findings to the Chinese language. A parallel group design with a post hoc analysis of group differences was employed to compare 4 groups of children (30 with ADHD, 33 with RD, 28 with ADHD + RD, and 30 typically developing) regarding their reading comprehension, attention, reading‐related abilities, and cognitive abilities. The findings indicated that children with RD and/or ADHD symptom(s) exhibited diverse cognitive profiles, and the distinguishing factor contributed to different inhibitions. Additionally, Chinese‐speaking children with the co‐morbid symptoms of RD and ADHD demonstrated greater deficits in auditory working memory and rapid naming than did the pure‐deficit groups. Furthermore, although problems with phonological awareness were similar between the 2 groups, the deficiency of orthographic knowledge was more severe in children with RD than in the co‐morbid group. The ADHD + RD group's cognitive and reading‐related abilities displayed a relatively complicated pattern that should be considered in the diagnosis of either RD or ADHD and their remediation design.
Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of the Iodine Value and Saponification Number of Edible Oils by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Lirong , Zhu Xufei , Yu Xiuzhu , Huyan Zongyao , Wang Xingguo 
Published: December 2017

A rapid method is developed to facilitate the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of edible oils using disposable polyethylene (PE) films as sample support for the determination of the iodine value (IV) and saponification number (SN). For direct IV analysis, quantification is achieved using the cis and trans double band region (3206–2992 cm−1) by a partial least squares calibration model, whereas, SN is directly determined using the area in carbon chain skeleton vibration absorption region (781–650 cm−1). The proposed method is applicable to various edible oils ranging in IV from 7.0 to 190.0 g 100 g−1 and SN from 162.7 to 222.0 mg g−1 with good precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations 0.39 and 0.32%, respectively) relative to the AOCS standard methods but with markedly less sample preparation and analytical effort.Practical Applications: Standard titration methods for determining the IV and SN of edible oils are labor intensive and require complex solvents and reagents. The PE‐film‐based FTIR method is more sensitive than attenuated total reflectance‐FTIR method and free from problems associated with the viscosity of oils, which is practical and easy to operate. The method can further simplify and facilitate simultaneous FTIR IV and SN analyses and is applicable to various edible oils over a wide range.A PE‐film‐based FTIR method is developed to determine the iodine value (IV) and saponification number (SN) of edible oils. The regions 3206–2992 cm−1 and 781–650 cm−1 are selected for IV and SN analysis, respectively. In the graphical abstract the IV and SN calibration and validation figures are presented.
Soft and Hard Piezoelectric Ceramics and Single Crystals for Random Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Shahab Shima , Zhao Sihong , Erturk Alper 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVibration‐based energy harvesting for enabling next‐generation self‐powered devices is a rapidly growing research area. In real‐world applications, the ambient vibrational energy is often available in non‐deterministic forms rather than the extensively studied deterministic scenarios, such as simple harmonic excitation. It is of interest to choose the best piezoelectric material for a given random excitation. Here, performance comparisons of various soft and hard piezoelectric ceramics and single crystals are presented for electrical power generation under band‐limited off‐resonance and wideband random vibration energy‐harvesting scenarios. For low‐frequency off‐resonance excitation, it is found that soft piezoelectric ceramics based upon lead zirconate titanate (e.g., PZT‐5H and PZT‐5A) outperform their hard counterparts (e.g., PZT‐4 and PZT‐8), and likewise soft single crystals based upon lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate as well as PZT (e.g., PMN‐PT and PMN‐PZT) outperform the relatively hard ones (e.g., manganese‐doped PMN‐PZT‐Mn). Overall, for such off‐resonance random vibrations, PMN‐PT is the most suitable choice among the materials studied. For wideband random excitation with a bandwidth covering the fundamental resonance of the harvester, hard piezoelectric ceramics offer larger power output compared to soft ceramics, and likewise hard single crystals produce larger power compared to their soft counterparts. Remarkably, a hard piezoelectric ceramic (e.g., PZT‐8) can outperform a soft single crystal (e.g., PMN‐PT) for wideband random vibration energy harvesting.
Influence of Impregnation Processes on Ruthenium–Molybdenum Carbon Catalysts for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Sorbitol into Renewable Alkanes
Authors: Weng Yujing , Wang Tiejun , Duan Peigao , Wang Chenguang , Wang Feng , Liu Qiying , Chen Lungang , Wang Haiyong , Liang Zheng , Ma Longlong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSorbitol, as a C6 sugar related compound derived from cellulose, is regarded as a promising biomass‐derived substrate and has characteristically higher oxygen content than in fossil‐based resources. In this work, ruthenium–molybdenum carbon catalysts prepared by different impregnation processes were employed and extensively studied in a trickle‐bed reactor for sorbitol hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Interestingly, these catalysts afforded remarkably different HDO performance. Ruthenium–molybdenum catalysts prepared by ultrasonic treatment and calcination obtained high HDO performance in sorbitol conversion with 79.8 % carbon yield of C5/C6 alkanes (pentane and hexane), almost twice that of ruthenium–molybdenum catalysts prepared without using a calcination processes. Therefore, a series of characterization studies (N2‐adsorption, XRD, HRTEM, XPS, H2‐TPR, CO‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, Py‐IR spectra, etc.) were performed over relevant catalysts to study the catalytic mechanism. The results suggest that prior calcination offers a better chance for the proximity between Ru and Mo precursors to produce the bimetallic catalytic structure Ru–MoOx, which produces high HDO performance.
Strong variation in weathering of layered rock maintains hillslope‐scale strength under high precipitation
Authors: Von Voigtlander Jennifer , Clark Marin K. , Zekkos Dimitrios , Greenwood William W. , Anderson Suzanne P. , Anderson Robert S. , Godt Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe evolution of volcanic landscapes and their landslide potential are both dependent upon the weathering of layered volcanic rock sequences. We characterize critical zone structure using shallow seismic Vp and Vs profiles and vertical exposures of rock across a basaltic climosequence on Kohala peninsula, Hawai’i, and exploit the dramatic gradient in mean annual precipitation (MAP) across the peninsula as a proxy for weathering intensity. Seismic velocity increases rapidly with depth and the velocity–depth gradient is uniform across three sites with 500–600 mm/yr MAP, where the transition to unaltered bedrock occurs at a depth of 4 to 10 m. In contrast, velocity increases with depth less rapidly at wetter sites, but this gradient remains constant across increasing MAP from 1000 to 3000 mm/yr and the transition to unaltered bedrock is near the maximum depth of investigation (15–25 m). In detail, the profiles of seismic velocity and of weathering at wet sites are nowhere monotonic functions of depth. The uniform average velocity gradient and the greater depths of low velocities may be explained by the averaging of velocities over intercalated highly weathered sites with less weathered layers at sites where MAP > 1000 mm/yr. Hence, the main effect of climate is not the progressive deepening of a near‐surface altered layer, but rather the rapid weathering of high permeability zones within rock subjected to precipitation greater than ~1000 mm/yr. Although weathering suggests mechanical weakening, the nearly horizontal orientation of alternating weathered and unweathered horizons with respect to topography also plays a role in the slope stability of these heterogeneous rock masses. We speculate that where steep, rapidly evolving hillslopes exist, the sub‐horizontal orientation of weak/strong horizons allows such sites to remain nearly as strong as their less weathered counterparts at drier sites, as is exemplified by the 50°–60° slopes maintained in the amphitheater canyons on the northwest flank of the island. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential uptake of and sensitivity to diphenhydramine in embryonic and larval zebrafish
Authors: Kristofco Lauren A. , Haddad Samuel P. , Chambliss C. Kevin , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

The zebrafish fish embryo toxicity (FET) test is increasingly employed for alternative toxicity studies, yet our previous research identified increased sensitivity of zebrafish slightly older than embryos employed in FET methods (0–4 d postfertilization [dpf]). We identified rapid steady-state accumulation of diphenhydramine across zebrafish embryo and larval stages. However, significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower accumulation was observed at 48 h compared to 96 h in chorionated and dechorionated embryos (0–4 dpf), but not in zebrafish at 7 to 11 and 14 to 18 dpf. Increased uptake and toxicity of diphenhydramine was further observed in zebrafish at 7 to 11 and 14 to 18 dpf compared with 0–4 dpf embryos with chorion or dechorionated, which indicates that differential zebrafish sensitivity with age is associated with accumulation resulting from gill and other toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic changes during development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1175–1181. © 2017 SETAC
Androgen deprivation therapy for androgen receptor‐positive advanced salivary duct carcinoma: A nationwide case series of 35 patients in The Netherlands
Authors: Boon Eline , van Boxtel Wim , Buter Jan , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , van Es Robert J. J. , Bel Miranda , Fiets Edward , Oosting Sjoukje F. , Slingerland Marije , Hoeben Ann , Tesselaar Margot E. T. , Jonker Marianne A. , Flucke Uta E. ,   Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology (PALGA) Group, van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van Herpen Carla M. L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma, an aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancer, is mostly androgen receptor‐positive. Only limited data are available on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).MethodsPatients with advanced androgen receptor‐positive salivary duct carcinoma treated with first‐line ADT were retrospectively evaluated for clinical benefit (ie, partial response [PR] and stable disease, progression‐free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]). The OS was compared with patients with advanced salivary duct carcinoma who received best supportive care.ResultsThirty‐four of 35 patients who were ADT‐treated were evaluable: 6 patients had a PR (18%) and 11 had stable disease (32%) leading to a clinical benefit ratio of 50%. The median PFS for the ADT‐treated patients was 4 months and the median duration of clinical benefit was 11 months. The median OS was 17 months versus 5 months in 43 patients receiving best supportive care (P = .02).ConclusionWe recommend ADT in advanced androgen receptor‐positive salivary duct carcinoma given its response and clinical benefit. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2017
Optimization and comparison of CD4‐targeting lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles using different binding ligands
Authors: Cao Shijie , Jiang Yonghou , Levy Claire N. , Hughes Sean M. , Zhang Hangyu , Hladik Florian , Woodrow Kim A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies and peptides are conjugated to the surface of nanocarriers (NCs) for targeting purposes in numerous applications. However, targeting efficacy may vary with their specificity, affinity, or avidity when linked to NCs. The physicochemical properties of NCs may also affect targeting. We compared the targeting efficacy of the CD4 binding peptide BP4 and an anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody (CD4 mAb) and its fragments, when conjugated to lipid‐coated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid nanoparticles (LCNPs). Negatively charged LCNPs with cholesteryl butyrate in the lipid layer (cbLCNPs) dramatically reduced nonspecific binding, leading to higher targeting specificity, compared to neutral or positively charged LCNPs with DOTAP (dtLCNP). cbLCNPs surface conjugated with a CD4 antibody (CD4‐cbLCNPs) or its fragments (fCD4‐cbLCNPs), but not BP4, showed high binding in vitro to the human T cell line 174xCEM, and preferential binding to CD3+ CD14‐CD8‐ cells from pigtail macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD4‐cbLCNPs showed 10‐fold higher binding specificity for CD4+ than CD8+ T cells, while fCD4‐cbLCNPs demonstrated the highest binding level overall, but only three‐fold higher binding specificity. This study demonstrates the importance of ζ‐potential on NC targeting and indicates that CD4 mAb and its fragments are the best candidates for delivery of therapeutic agents to CD4+ T cells. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1177–1188, 2018.
Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on chemically crosslinked carbon nanomaterial coatings
Authors: Patel Sunny C. , Alam Owais , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCarbon nanomaterial coatings have been widely investigated for many biomedical applications including bone tissue engineering. Current methods to fabricate carbon nanomaterial coatings are limited by specific substrate requirements and the lack of strong bonds between the nanomaterials. Furthermore, few studies compare the effect of carbon nanoparticle architecture on stem cell differentiation and mineralization for osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we report a study comparing chemically crosslinked carbon nanotubes (of various diameters), graphene nanoplatelets, and graphene nanoribbons coatings for adipose derived stem cell differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage. We observed greatest autodeposition of calcium on graphene nanoribbon surfaces, while multiwalled carbon nanotubes of high diameter had the greatest influence on stem cell fate (by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteocalcin measurements). Studies indicate the cause for multiwalled carbon nanotube related stem cell differentiation, may be related to early timepoint toxicity as indicated by lactose dehydrogenase release. These results indicate suggestions for orthopedic tissue engineering applications for carbon nanomaterial coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1189–1199, 2018.
Usefulness of hard X‐ray microscope using synchrotron radiation for the structure analysis of insects
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Lee Onseok 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has the advantage of enabling specific visualization of creative ideas. Since synchrotron based images can provide high sensitivity and high resolution, they are a very useful technology to identify the 3D anatomy of microscale samples. X‐ray images using such synchrotron radiation are grafted to 3D printing technology. We can be obtained 3D images and modeling data of an ant using synchrotron radiation, and then, it were outputted with the 3D printer. A new way to identify the usefulness of the structure analysis is then found by visualizing the micro‐internal structure of diverse biomedical samples and creating an enlarged model. This study suggests methods of utilizing a 3D printed model produced through synchrotron radiation imaging in various fields such as bioengineering, medical, and education.
A statement by the Japan‐Korea expert pathologists for future clinicopathological and molecular analyses toward consensus building of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct through several opinions at the present stage
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Jang Kee‐Taek , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Furukawa Toru , Hong Seung‐Mo , Kim Haeryoung , Lee Kyung Bun , Zen Yoh , Jang Jin‐Young , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB) was described as a preinvasive neoplastic lesion of the biliary tract in the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Although a number of studies have since been conducted on IPNBs, controversy remains, particularly regarding the standardization of its definition. Meetings by Japanese and Korean expert pathologists were held twice to resolve the pathological diagnostic aspects of IPNB. Through round‐table discussions and histological reviews, we reached the common understanding that IPNBs diagnosed according to the criteria of WHO 2010 are characterized by intraductal predominant papillary or villous biliary neoplasms covering delicate fibrovascular stalks and are classified into two types pathologically. One type (type 1 IPNB) is histologically similar to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of pancreas, and typically develops in the intrahepatic bile ducts, while the other (type 2 IPNB) has a more complex histological architecture with irregular papillary branching or with foci of solid‐tubular components and typically involves the extrahepatic bile ducts. This report states the diagnostic pathologic features of IPNB proposed by WHO 2010. Since currently, the concept of IPNB is still confusing, the proposed diagnostic pathologic features stated here will be of use for future clinicopathological and molecular analyses toward consensus building of IPNB.
Basalt fibers functionalized with gold nanoparticles for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Feng Juanjuan , Tian Yu , Wang Xiuqin , Luo Chuannan , Sun Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBasalt fibers were functionalized with gold nanoparticles and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. An in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction device was developed by packing the functionalized basalt fibers in a polyether ether ketone tube. The device was connected into high performance liquid chromatography equipment with a diode array detector to build online enrichment and analysis system. Eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as model analytes, important factors including sampling rate, sampling volume, organic solvent content in sample, and desorption time were investigated. Linear range (0.01–20 μg/L), detection limits (0.003–0.015 μg/L), and enrichment factors (130–1628) were given by the online analysis method. Relative standard deviations (n = 5) of extraction repeatability on one tube and tube‐to‐tube repeatability were less than 5.2 and 14.7%, respectively. The analysis method was applied to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples, and relative recoveries ranged from 87 to 128%.
Normative Values for Tonsils in Pediatric Populations Based on Ultrasonography
Authors: Hong Hyun Sook , Lee Ji Ye , Jeong Sun Hye 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesPediatric tonsillar infections are common, particularly in adolescents. Ultrasonography (US) has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing peritonsillar abscesses and can diagnose tonsillitis by enlargement of the gland. In this study, we established normal tonsillar measurements and volumes according to age in pediatric populations.MethodsTranscervical US of the peritonsillar region to measure tonsillar size and volume was performed in patients who had undergone neck US without throat symptoms from October 2016 to May 2017. Transverse and anteroposterior diameters, length, and volume were measured.ResultsIn total, 161 patients (age range, 1 month–18 years) were enrolled in the study. The mean tonsillar volumes ± SD were 1.58 ± 1.26 (total), 0.30 ± 0.14 (<1 year), 1.27 ± 0.57 (1–<5 years), 2.06 ± 1.09 (5–<10 years), and 2.19 ± 1.48 (>10 years) cm3. Mean measurements for the sums of both tonsils for the transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and length were 1.98 ± 0.61, 2.17 ± 0.66, and 2.28 ± 0.69 cm, respectively. Tonsillar size and volume increased according to age. Simplified models for volume estimation showed that anteroposterior diameters had the highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.71 and 0.74). Regression models for the tonsillar volume of 6 measurements in the multiple linear regression models showed an R2 of 0.89. Regression models for log(volume) showed an improved coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.96).ConclusionsThese normal tonsillar sizes on transcervical ultrasound in pediatric patients can be used to diagnose tonsillar lesions.