bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High serum serotonin in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Haynes Robin L. , Frelinger Andrew L. , Giles Emma K. , Goldstein Richard D. , Tran Hoa , Kozakewich Harry P. , Haas Elisabeth A. , Gerrits Anja J. , Mena Othon J. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Paterson David S. , Berry Gerard T. , Adeli Khosrow , Kinney Hannah C. , Michelson Alan D. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality, is defined as the sudden death of an infant less than 1 y of age that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and death scene investigation. Although SIDS has been associated with deficiencies in central (brainstem) serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), there are no known peripheral biomarkers for SIDS. Here we demonstrate increased serum serotonin levels in a subset (31%) of SIDS infants compared with control infants. These findings suggest the potential of a high serum serotonin level as a forensic biomarker at autopsy to differentiate SIDS deaths with serotonergic defects from other causes of sudden death and, importantly, as evidence of a peripheral 5-HT abnormality in SIDS.
Elucidating reaction mechanisms on quantum computers
Authors: Reiher Markus , Wiebe Nathan , Svore Krysta M. , Wecker Dave , Troyer Matthias 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Our work addresses the question of compelling killer applications for quantum computers. Although quantum chemistry is a strong candidate, the lack of details of how quantum computers can be used for specific applications makes it difficult to assess whether they will be able to deliver on the promises. Here, we show how quantum computers can be used to elucidate the reaction mechanism for biological nitrogen fixation in nitrogenase, by augmenting classical calculation of reaction mechanisms with reliable estimates for relative and activation energies that are beyond the reach of traditional methods. We also show that, taking into account overheads of quantum error correction and gate synthesis, a modular architecture for parallel quantum computers can perform such calculations with components of reasonable complexity.
E-cadherin and LGN align epithelial cell divisions with tissue tension independently of cell shape
Authors: Hart Kevin C. , Tan Jiongyi , Siemers Kathleen A. , Sim Joo Yong , Pruitt Beth L. , Nelson W. James , Gloerich Martijn 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Tissue morphogenesis requires coordinated regulation of cellular behavior through instructive signals from the local tissue environment, including mechanical forces exerted by neighboring cells. The cell–cell adhesion protein E-cadherin plays an important role in converting tensile forces across the tissue into an intracellular response to regulate actin cytoskeleton organization, reinforce cell–cell adhesion, and activate transcriptional programs. We show E-cadherin also transduces these forces to orient the mitotic spindle, which occurs irrespectively of tension-induced changes in cell shape and instead involves regulation of junctional recruitment of the protein LGN, a core component of the spindle orientation machinery. Because the orientation of cell division controls tissue architecture, these findings support a key role of E-cadherin in mechanical regulation of tissue morphogenesis.
Changes in ventromedial prefrontal and insular cortex support the development of metamemory from childhood into adolescence
Authors: Fandakova Yana , Selmeczy Diana , Leckey Sarah , Grimm Kevin J. , Wendelken Carter , Bunge Silvia A. , Ghetti Simona 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Metamemory monitoring, or the ability to introspect about the accuracy of our memories, improves during childhood and is intimately connected with learning because it limits memory errors and can promote additional information gathering or review. However, the neural changes underlying this development and its relevance for general intellectual development are largely unknown. We assessed 7- to 15-year-old children on multiple occasions and showed continued longitudinal improvements in introspection on memory accuracy into adolescence. We demonstrated that introspection ability contributes to longitudinal changes in children’s general intelligence and identified specific patterns of developmental changes in brain anatomy that predicted improvements in metamemory monitoring. This research highlights the mechanisms supporting metamemory development and their critical role for learning.
Morphological self-repair
Authors: Fox Barbara A. , Wouk Fay , Fincke Steven , Hernandez Flores Wilfredo , Hayashi Makoto , Laakso Minna , Maschler Yael , Mehrabi Abolghasem , Sorjonen Marja-Leena , Uhmann Susanne , Yang Hyun Jung 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this study we explore patterns of same-turn self-repair within the word, across ten typologically and areally diverse languages.
We find universal processes emerging through language-specific resources, namely: recycling is used to delay a next item due,
while replacement is used to replace an inappropriate item. For example, most of our languages with prefixes or proclitics recycle
those elements to delay production of the root/host, while languages with suffixes tend not to recycle just suffixes without their
roots/hosts, since that would not serve to delay the production of the root/host; rather, the whole word is recycled. Replacement
of affixes and clitics is rare, regardless of position. We provide several possible explanations for these facts, all based on the
nature of replacement.
First Detection of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Fleas Collected From Client-Owned Companion Animals in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Noden Bruce H , Davidson Suzanna , Herdlitchka Haven T , Williams Faithful 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Flea-borne rickettsiosis occurs worldwide and includes a number of pathogens, namely, Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis. Most studies in the United States have occurred in southern Texas and California where flea-borne rickettsiosis is endemic, resulting in a lack of information from other regions of the country. Between March and August 2016, 222 fleas were collected from 52 client-owned dogs and cats in two urban areas in Oklahoma. Fleas were identified using morphological characteristics then pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using published primers for gltA, ompB, and 17-kDa. The majority (98.6%) of fleas collected were Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) followed by Pulex irritans (L) (1.4%). Overall, fleas collected from 30.0% (6/20) cats and 43.8% (14/32) dogs were infected with R. felis. Three C. felis-pools collected from three dogs, two in the Enid area (central Oklahoma) and one in the Elk City area (western Oklahoma), were infected with R. typhi as well as R. felis. ‘Candidatus R. senegalensis’ was detected in one pool of fleas taken from a cat in Oklahoma City. This is the first evidence that flea-borne Rickettsia species occur in fleas obtained from client-owned dogs and cats in the Great Plains region. The impact of these Rickettsia species on public health in the region needs further investigation.
Are You Sure You Want to Do That? Fostering the Responsible Conduct of Medical Education Research
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Artino Anthony R. , Picho Katherine , Driessen Erik W. 
Published: July 2017

Engaging in questionable research practices (QRPs) is a noted problem across many disciplines, including medical education. While QRPs are rarely discussed in the context of medical education, that does not mean that medical education researchers are immune. Therefore, the authors seek to raise medical educators’ awareness of the responsible conduct of research (RCR) and call the community to action before QRPs negatively affect the field.
The authors define QRPs and introduce examples that could easily happen in medical education research because of vulnerabilities particular to the field. The authors suggest that efforts in research, including medical education research, should focus on facilitating a change in the culture of research to foster RCR, and that these efforts should make explicit both the individual and system factors that ultimately influence researcher behavior. They propose a set of approaches within medical education training initiatives to foster such a culture: empowering research mentors as role models, open airing of research conduct dilemmas and infractions, protecting whistle blowers, establishing mechanisms for facilitating responsibly conducted research, and rewarding responsible researchers.
The authors recommend that efforts at culture change be focused on the growing graduate programs, fellowships, and faculty academies in medical education to ensure that RCR training is an integral component for both students and faculty. They encourage medical education researchers to think creatively about solutions to the challenges they face and to act together as an international community to avoid wasting research efforts, damaging careers, and stunting medical education research through QRPs.
Pregnancy and reproductive aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Andreoli Laura , Crisafulli Francesca , Tincani Angela 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewTo discuss pregnancy and reproductive aspects in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with particular focus on preconception counselling, maternal and foetal outcomes, safety and beneficial effects of drugs during pregnancy as well as contraception methods, assisted reproduction techniques and strategies for thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies.Recent findingsEvidence-based recommendations for the management of family planning and women's health issues in SLE and/or APS have been developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. The primary aim of these recommendations is to provide a practical tool for facilitating physician–patient communication on reproductive issues. Points-to-consider and guidelines were also released on the use of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation.SummaryWomen with SLE should be timely and periodically counselled on family planning. Preconception counselling and risk stratification (based on disease activity and serological profile) are key points for having successful pregnancies thanks to individualized treatments and close monitoring for maternal and foetal complications. Contraception and assisted reproduction techniques are feasible in women with SLE, provided that potential risks are minimized by individualized management and appropriate prophylaxis.
Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome
Authors: Wendt Wendi-Jo , Hashikawa Andrew 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) is the most common congenital ear anomaly that causes sensorineural hearing loss in children and may predispose a child to sudden hearing loss from sudden pressure changes or minor head trauma. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with a history of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and migraines who presented to the emergency department with parental and child care provider reports of acute hearing loss, without a history of trauma, infection, or hardware malfunction, who was diagnosed with bilateral EVAS. Diagnosis of EVAS occurs with specific temporal bone imaging with either high-resolution, thin-cut computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome is typically refractory to medical treatment and often results in hearing loss that is too severe to benefit from amplification, requiring cochlear implantation.
Risk factor analysis of equine strongyle resistance to anthelmintics
Authors: Sallé G. , Cortet J. , Bois I. , Dubès C. , Guyot-Sionest Q. , Larrieu C. , Landrin V. , Majorel G. , Wittreck S. , Woringer E. , Couroucé A. , Guillot J. , Jacquiet P. , Guégnard F. , Blanchard A. , Leblond A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntestinal strongyles are the most problematic endoparasites of equids as a result of their wide distribution and the spread of resistant isolates throughout the world. While abundant literature can be found on the extent of anthelmintic resistance across continents, empirical knowledge about associated risk factors is missing. This study brought together results from anthelmintic efficacy testing and risk factor analysis to provide evidence-based guidelines in the field. It involved 688 horses from 39 French horse farms and riding schools to both estimate Faecal Egg Count Reduction (FECR) after anthelmintic treatment and to interview farm and riding school managers about their practices. Risk factors associated with reduced anthelmintic efficacy in equine strongyles were estimated across drugs using a marginal modelling approach. Results demonstrated ivermectin efficacy (96.3% FECR), the inefficacy of fenbendazole (42.8% FECR) and an intermediate profile for pyrantel (90.3% FECR). Risk factor analysis provided support to advocate for FEC-based treatment regimens combined with individual anthelmintic dosage and the enforcement of tighter biosecurity around horse introduction that contributed to lower drug resistance risk by 1.75. Premises falling under this typology also relied more on their veterinarians suggesting they play an important role in the sustainability of anthelmintic usage. Similarly, drug resistance risk was halved in premises with frequent pasture rotation and with stocking rate below five horses/ha. This is the first empirical risk factor analysis for anthelmintic resistance in equids, whose findings should guide the implementation of more sustained strongyle management in the field.
Whippet: an efficient method for the detection and quantification of alternative splicing reveals extensive transcriptomic complexity
Authors: Sterne-Weiler Timothy , Weatheritt Robert J. , Best Andrew , Ha Kevin C. H. , Blencowe Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a widespread process underlying the generation of transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in metazoans. Major challenges in comprehensively detecting and quantifying patterns of AS are that RNA-seq datasets are expanding near exponentially, while existing analysis tools are computationally inefficient and ineffective at handling complex splicing patterns. Here, we describeWhippet, a method that rapidly, and with minimal hardware requirements, models and quantifies splicing events of any complexity without significant loss of accuracy. Using an entropic measure of splicing complexity,Whippetreveals that approximately 33% of human protein coding genes contain complex AS events that result in substantial expression of multiple splice isoforms. These events frequently affect tandem arrays of folded protein domains. Remarkably, high-entropy AS events are more prevalent in tumour relative to matched normal tissues, and these differences correlate with increased expression of proto-oncogenic splicing factors.Whippetthus affords the rapid and accurate analysis of AS events of any complexity, and as such will facilitate biomedical research.
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Alleles Reveal a Role for Peptidylglycine Alpha-amidating Monooxygenase in Beta Cell Function
Authors: Raimondo Anne , Thomsen Soren K. , Hastoy Benoit , Umapathysivam Mahesh M. , Dai Xiao-Qing , Manning Fox Jocelyn E , Barrett Amy , Groves Christopher J. , Bautista Austin , Beer Nicola L. , Clark Anne , MacDonald Patrick E. , Rorsman Patrik , Gloyn Anna L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMolecular mechanisms underpinning the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain poorly understood, hindering translation into new therapies. Recently, genome-wide studies identified two coding variants inPeptidylglycine Alpha-amidating Monooxygenase(PAM) associated with T2D risk and measures of beta cell dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that both risk alleles impact negatively on overall PAM activity, but via distinct effects on expression and catalytic function. In a human beta cell model,PAMsilencing caused decreased insulin content and altered dynamics of granule exocytosis. Analysis of primary human beta cells from cadaveric donors confirmed an effect on exocytosis in carriers of the p.D563G T2D-risk allele. Finally, we show that the granular packaging protein Chromogranin A is a PAM substrate and a strong candidate for mediating downstream effects on insulin secretion. Taken together, our results establish a role for PAM in beta cell function, and uncover a novel mechanism for T2D-associatedPAMalleles.
Saccades phase-locked to alpha oscillations in the occipital and medial temporal lobe enhance memory encoding
Authors: Staudigl Tobias , Hartl Elisabeth , Noachtar Soheyl , Doeller Christian F. , Jensen Ole 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEfficient sampling of visual information requires a coordination of eye movements and ongoing brain oscillations. Using intracranial and MEG recordings, we show that saccades are locked to the phase of visual alpha oscillations, and that this coordination supports mnemonic encoding of visual scenes. Furthermore, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex involvement in this coordination reflects effective vision-to-memory mapping, highlighting the importance of neural oscillations for the interaction between visual and memory domains.
Complex genetic patterns in human arise from a simple range-expansion model over continental landmasses
Authors: Kanitz Ricardo , Guillot Elsa G , Antoniazza Sylvain , Neuenschwander Samuel , Goudet Jérôme 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough it is generally accepted that geography is a major factor shaping human genetic differentiation, it is still disputed how much of this differentiation is a result of a simple process of isolation-by-distance, and if there are factors generating distinct clusters of genetic similarity. We address this question using a geographically explicit simulation framework coupled with an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach. Based on six simple summary statistics only, we estimated the most probable demographic parameters that shaped modern human evolution under an isolation by distance scenario, and found these were the following: an initial population in East Africa spread and grew from 4000 individuals to 5.7 million in about 132 000 years. Subsequent simulations with these estimates followed by cluster analyses produced results nearly identical to those obtained in real data. Thus, a simple diffusion model from East Africa explains a large portion of the genetic diversity patterns observed in modern humans. We argue that a model of isolation by distance along the continental landmasses might be the relevant null model to use when investigating selective effects in humans and probably many other species.
Crisis communication adaptation strategies in the MM&A train explosion in Lac-Mégantic downtown
Authors: David Marc D. , Carignan Marie-Eve 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the adaptation of communication strategies set out in the pre-crisis plan implemented by the members of Quebec’s public safety authorities in the specific case of the rail explosion and fire that destroyed the downtown of Lac-Mégantic in July 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a triangulation approach combining three qualitative methodologies, namely in-depth interviews, analysis of communication artifacts, and news analysis, this research aims to determine how public safety authorities used the existing crisis management plan at the time of the Lac-Mégantic crisis. It also seeks to determine whether or not the crisis managers used emergent communication strategies, as defined by Mintzberg (2007). Finally, the case study also seeks to identify potentially unforeseen contextual elements that influenced the communication strategies deployed.

Findings
The analysis reveals that the disaster, whose magnitude and consequences were unprecedented in Canada, prompted those in charge of public safety to review the established crisis management communication strategies and practices in order to adapt to the realities of a particular terrain and context. It is important to mention, first, that the crisis was managed in an unforeseen context of a twofold digital divide that created a dead zone for emergency and public health messages; and, second, that direct communication with the victims revealed major difficulty in understanding such messages (literacy). As a result, the traditional and digital communication strategies established in the crisis management plan had to be rapidly reviewed in order to incorporate “old-fashioned” communication tools, such as giving out information door-to-door, meeting with people on their front porches, and holding informal street gatherings with public health doctors and social workers to better communicate messages to the disaster victims and to promote the adoption of safe behaviors.

Originality/value
The findings demonstrate that in a crisis and emergency context, communication efforts must sometimes deviate from the planned strategies and come back to simple, direct, and “human” communication methods in order to adapt to the realities of the victims.
Is gender an impediment to firm performance? Evidence from small firms in Mauritius
Authors: Tandrayen-Ragoobur Verena , Kasseeah Harshana 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the female entrepreneurship underperformance hypothesis using a sample of small firms. The paper also attempts to explain why gender matters in entrepreneurship. The paper specifically investigates the differences in turnover of female and male entrepreneurs and also examines the reasons behind this differential performance by accounting for the gender factor.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses survey data on 256 male and female entrepreneurs from the Island of Mauritius. The survey allows for the examination of the performance differential across male- and female-owned small businesses. The paper uses ordinary least squares and logistic estimation techniques to investigate the underperformance of female entrepreneurs. Sensitivity analyses are also undertaken to ensure robustness of the results.FindingsThe study finds evidence that gender matters when comparing the performance of male- and female-owned businesses. The results reveal that access to finance is an important hindrance to the performance of these small firms. Furthermore, the study also reveals that ethnicity plays a major role in influencing firm performance.Originality/valueThis paper is among the few studies, which investigates the female entrepreneurship underperformance hypothesis in a small developing state context and also attempts to explain the reasons why gender matters. The paper is an important empirical contribution to the literature in an African context.