bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project to Develop an Interoperable Seafood Traceability Technology Architecture: Issues Brief
Authors: Bhatt Tejas , Cusack Chris , Dent Benjamin , Gooch Martin , Jones Dick , Newsome Rosetta , Stitzinger Jennie , Sylvia Gil , Zhang Jianrong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Interoperable Seafood Traceability Technology Architecture Issues Brief reflects the growing need to establish a global, secure, interoperable support system for seafood traceability. Establishing effective traceability systems relies on the development of a cohesive and consistent approach to the delivery of information technology capabilities and functions. The ability of business to utilize traceability for commercial gain is heavily influenced by the supply chain in which they operate. The Issues Brief describes factors associated with enterprise‐level traceability systems that will impact the design of technology architecture suited to enabling whole chain interoperable traceability. The Brief details why a technology architecture is required, what it means for industry in terms of benefits and opportunities, and how the architecture will translate into practical results. The current situation of many heterogeneous proprietary systems prevents global interoperable traceability from occurring. Utilizing primary research and lessons learned from other industries, the Brief details how the present situation can be addressed. This will enable computerized information systems to communicate syntactically by sharing standardized packages of data. The subsequent stage, semantic interoperability, is achieved by establishing a common language (ontology). The report concludes with a series of recommendations that industry can act upon to design a technology architecture suited to enabling effective global interoperable traceability.
Adipokinetic hormones control amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) gut
Authors: Bodláková Karolina , Jedlička Pavel , Kodrík Dalibor 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study examined the biochemical characteristics of α‐amylase and hormonal (adipokinetic hormone: AKH) stimulation of α‐amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) midgut. We applied two AKHs in vivo and in vitro, then measured resultant amylase activity and gene expression, as well as the expression of AKH receptor (AKHR). The results revealed that optimal amylase activity is characterized by the following: pH: 5.7, temperature: 38.4 °C, Km (Michaelis–Menten constant): 2.54 mg starch/mL, and Vmax (maximum reaction velocity): 0.185 μmol maltose/mL/min. In vivo application of AKHs resulted in significant increase of amylase activity: by two‐fold in the gastric caeca and 4–7 fold in the rest of the midgut. In vitro experiments supported results seen in vivo: a 24‐h incubation with the hormones resulted in the increase of amylase activity by 1.4 times in the caeca and 4–9 times in the midgut. Further, gene expression analyses reveal that AKHR is expressed in both the caeca and the rest of the midgut, although expression levels in the former were 23 times higher than levels in the latter. A similar pattern was found for the amylase (AMY) gene. Hormonal treatment did not affect the expression of either gene. This study is the first to provide evidence indicating direct AKH stimulation of digestive enzyme activity in the insect midgut, supported by specific AKHR gene expression in this organ.
Enrichment of Antioxidant Capacity and Vitamin E in Pita Made from Barley
Authors: Do Thi Thu Dung , Muhlhausler Beverly , Box Amanda , Able Amanda J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to enhance total antioxidant and vitamin E content of pita bread, by replacing 50% of the standard baker's flour with flours milled from covered (WI2585 and Harrington) or hulless (Finniss) barley genotypes, previously shown to have high antioxidant and vitamin E levels at harvest. Pita breads were made from either 100% baker's flour (control) or 50% malt flour, whole‐grain flour, or flour from barley grains pearled at 10%, 15%, and 20% grain weight. Antioxidant capacity and vitamin E content of flours and pitas were determined by their ability to scavenge 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The physical and sensory properties of the pitas were also assessed. All pitas made from either whole grain or pearled barley flour had a higher antioxidant capacity and most also had higher vitamin E content than standard pita. The antioxidant and vitamin E levels were reduced in pearled compared to whole grains, however the extent of that reduction varied among genotypes. The greatest antioxidant and vitamin E levels were found in pita made from malt flour or Finniss whole grain flour. Furthermore, sensory analysis suggested these pitas were acceptable to consumers and retained similar physical and sensory properties to those in the control pita.
Obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome and breastfeeding: an observational study
Authors: Joham Anju E. , Nanayakkara Natalie , Ranasinha Sanjeeva , Zoungas Sophia , Boyle Jacqueline , Harrison Cheryce L. , Forder Peta , Loxton Deborah , Vanky Eszter , Teede Helena J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 9–21% of reproductive‐age women. The relations between PCOS, body mass index (BMI) and breastfeeding are unclear. Our aim was to examine breastfeeding in women with and without PCOS and the relation with BMI.Material and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study set in the general community. Participants are women, aged 31–36 years, from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), a large community‐based study. Data was analyzed from the first child of respondents to Survey five (2009) reporting at least one live born child. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with breastfeeding. The main outcome measures studied were breastfeeding initiation and duration and the main explanatory variables included self‐reported PCOS and BMI.ResultsOf the 4898 women, 6.5% reported PCOS (95% confidence interval 5.8–7.2%). Median duration of breastfeeding was lower in women reporting PCOS (6 months, range 2–10 months) than in women not reporting PCOS (7 months, range 3–12 months) (p = 0.001). On multivariable regression analysis, there was no association between PCOS and breastfeeding outcomes. However, being overweight or obese was associated with not initiating breastfeeding and with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsHigh BMI is negatively associated with breastfeeding, whereas PCOS status per se does not appear to be related to breastfeeding initiation and duration, after adjusting for BMI.
Laparoscopic reduction and repair of a strangulated interparietal inguinal hernia
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Shimaguchi Mayu , Lefor Alan K , Kishida Akihiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn interparietal hernia is defined as a hernia in which the hernial sac lies between the tissue layers comprising the abdominal wall. A strangulated interparietal inguinal hernia without an external bulge is a rare cause of an acute abdomen and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We report a patient with a history of a right inguinal hernia who presented with abdominal pain without inguinal bulging. An interparietal (preperitoneal) inguinal hernia was diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic reduction and a transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair. This is the first case report of an interparietal inguinal hernia managed entirely laparoscopically. Although the laparoscopic approach is not considered standard treatment for strangulated intestinal obstruction, it may be worth considering, especially for patients with uncertain etiology, because of its decreased invasiveness compared to open exploration.
Successful treatment of large adenoma extending close to the papilla in the duodenum by laparoscopy‐assisted pancreas‐sparing duodenectomy
Authors: Abe Nobutsugu , Hashimoto Yoshikazu , Kawaguchi Shouhei , Shimoyama Hayato , Kojima Youhei , Yoshimoto Eri , Kondo Eri , Ohki Atsuko , Takeuchi Hirohisa , Nagao Gen , Suzuki Yutaka , Masaki Tadahiko , Mori Toshiyuki , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man had a 65‐mm infrapapillary, circular, and laterally spreading tubular adenoma in the distal second and proximal third parts of the duodenum. The papilla was 15 mm from the proximal margin of the tumor. Because the patient requested organ‐preserving laparoscopic surgery, we conducted laparoscopy‐assisted pancreas‐sparing duodenectomy (LAPSD). LAPSD consists of five major procedures: (i) laparoscopic wide Kocher maneuver and transection of the proximal jejunum; (ii) laparoscopic separation of the duodenum from the pancreas; (iii) creation of a small upper median laparotomy; (iv) extracorporeal completion of the segmental duodenectomy; and (v) extracorporeal intestinal reconstruction. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 8. Histopathological examination revealed that the circumferential margin of the specimen was negative for tumor cells. LAPSD provided a clear margin without damaging the papilla and eliminated the possibility of peritoneal or port‐site seeding of tumor cells because part of the procedure was performed extracorporeally. LAPSD is a useful alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with a large adenoma extending close to the papilla in the duodenum.
Aberrant right hepatic artery arising from the celiac trunk: A potential pitfall during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Katagiri Hideki , Sakamoto Takashi , Okumura Kenji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Kubota Tadao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAberrant extrahepatic arteries and variants of biliary anatomy are well known. During surgery in this area, surgeons have to concentrate on avoiding inadvertent injuries to these structures. We present a patient with an aberrant right hepatic artery arising directly from the celiac trunk, resulting in an abnormal path of the cystic artery. A 62‐year‐old man was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A preoperative abdominal computed tomography scan showed an aberrant right hepatic artery arising directly from the celiac trunk. The cystic artery did not pass through Calot's triangle. During operation, the cystic artery was anterior and adherent to the cystic duct. Surgeons must be familiar with anatomical variations of the extrahepatic biliary tree and arterial supply to prevent inadvertent injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Modified laparoscopic biliary enteric anastomosis procedure using handmade double‐armed needles
Authors: Mizuguchi Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Uchida Eiji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic biliary enteric anastomosis (BEA) offers several advantages, including good visualization, which helps to overcome the compromised visual field resulting from the biliary tract being located on the right anterior side of the body at some distance from the surgical opening. Laparoscopic BEA, however, requires skillful manipulation of the forceps over a limited range to achieve optimal outcomes. Here we describe a modified and reorganized BEA technique that increases the simplicity and feasibility of the procedure.Materials and Surgical TechniquesAfter biliary tract surgery for benign diseases such as laparoscopic choledocholithotomy, handmade double‐sided needles were used for BEA in 20 patients. First, one of the needles was placed at the right edge of the bile duct wall from the outside to the inside, while the other arm of the needle entered the right edge of the intestine from the outside to the inside. Next, continuous sutures were placed on the posterior wall with the needle that was placed on the intestine. Then, continuous sutures were placed on the anterior wall with a second needle. Finally, both threads were laparoscopically tied.DiscussionThis relatively simple and feasible method has demonstrated excellent results and will be beneficial in the clinical setting.
Impact of Olmesartan Medoxomil on Amiodarone‐Induced Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats: Focus on Transforming Growth Factor‐ß1
Authors: Sharaf El‐Din Abeer A. I. , Abd Allah Omaima M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAmiodarone (AD) is one of the most frequently prescribed anti‐arrhythmic agents worldwide, but its effectiveness is limited due to the development of pulmonary toxicity. Several lines of evidence have suggested that AT1 receptor antagonists can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in different animal models. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of olmesartan medoxomil (OM) on lung injury induced in rats by AD which was assessed biochemically (hydroxyproline content, MDA level and SOD activity), histologically (Ashcroft criteria and Masson's trichrome stain) and immunohistochemically (TGF‐β1 expression in lung tissue). The expression levels of TGF‐β1 and type I collagen mRNA were also determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Forty‐eight adult male rats were randomized into six equal groups: control group, OM control groups, AD group received 40 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 4 weeks to induce pulmonary injury in rats and OM‐treated groups received 0.6 and 6 mg/kg/day, p.o. concomitantly with AD for the same period. The results indicated that OM significantly decreased collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content, ameliorated pathological score and decreased the elevation in type I collagen and TGF‐ß1 mRNA expression in lung tissue. Furthermore, it attenuated the AD‐induced increase in the MDA level and increased SOD activity in lung tissue. It can be concluded that OM exerts a protective effect against AD‐induced lung damage in rats which is attributed to modulation of pro‐fibrogenic cytokine (TGF‐β1) and antioxidant effect.
Clinical utility of C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ting Kay R. , Brady Jennifer J. , Hameed Abdul , Le Giao , Meiller Justine , Verburgh Estelle , Bayers Christopher , Benjamin Dalia , Anderson Kenneth C. , Richardson Paul G. , Dowling Paul , Clynes Martin , Fitzgibbon Maria C. , O'Gorman Peter 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMyeloma bone disease (MBD) is a major cause of morbidity in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated bone turnover markers (BTM) as relapse predictors and biomarkers for monitoring MBD. We measured C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐1), and Procollagen type 1 N Propeptide (P1NP) in 86 MM patients and 26 controls. CTX‐1 was higher in newly diagnosed patients compared to control, remission and relapse (P < 0·05), and decreased following treatment. In the setting of relapse, a CTX‐1 rise greater than the calculated least significant change (LSC) was observed in 26% of patients 3–6 months prior to relapse (P = 0·007), and in 60·8% up to 3 months before relapse (P = 0·015). Statistically significant changes in CTX‐1 levels were also observed in patients who were with and without bisphosphonate therapy at the time of relapse. In patients with normal renal function, mean CTX‐1 level was highest in the newly diagnosed group (0·771 ± 0·400 μg/l), and lowest in the remission group (0·099 ± 0·070 μg/l) (P < 0·0001). P1NP levels were not statistically different across the patient groups. We conclude that CTX‐1, measured on an automated hospital laboratory platform, has a role in routine treatment monitoring and predicting relapse of MBD, even in patients on bisphosphonates.
Levels of Employee Share Ownership and the Performance of Listed Companies in Europe
Authors: Richter Ansgar , Schrader Susanne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigate the effects of employee share ownership (ESO) on three alternative measures of firm performance in a panel of 1,115 companies from the five largest European economies. The results show that firms with ESO enjoy significantly higher levels of capital market performance and of accounting performance than firms without ESO; however, the marginal effects of ESO are declining with increasing ESO levels. ESO does not have a clear effect on productivity. These findings hold for all countries except Spain. Variations in ESO levels within firms over time exert few performance effects.
Detecting moxifloxacin‐induced QTc prolongation in thorough QT and early clinical phase studies using a highly automated ECG analysis approach
Authors: Panicker Gopi Krishna , Karnad Dilip R , Kadam Pramod , Badilini Fabio , Damle Anil , Kothari Snehal 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeExposure–response (ER) modelling (concentration–QTc analysis) is gaining as much acceptance as the traditional by‐time analysis of the placebo‐adjusted change from baseline in the QTc interval (ΔΔQTcF). It has been postulated that intensive ECG analysis and ER modelling during early‐phase drug development could be a cost‐effective approach of estimating QT liability of a new drug, in a small number of subjects.Experimental ApproachWe used a highly automated analysis of ECGs from 46 subjects from a crossover thorough QT/QTc study to detect ΔΔQTcF with moxifloxacin. Using these data, we also simulated (bootstrapped) 1000 datasets of a parallel study with eight subjects receiving moxifloxacin and eight others receiving placebo.Key ResultsThe slope from the concentration–QTc analysis for moxifloxacin in 46 subjects was 4.12 ms of ΔΔQTcF per μg‐1 mL‐1; at mean Cmax of 2.95 μg·mL−1, estimated ΔΔQTcF was 13.4 ms (90% confidence interval 11.3, 15.4 ms). In the 1000 simulated datasets, in 996 datasets, ER modelling showed that the upper bound of the 90% confidence interval for ΔΔQTcF at geometric mean Cmax exceeded 10 ms. In 895 of these 996 datasets, the slope of the ER relationship was statistically significantly positive. Thus, with a small sample size (eight subjects on active drug and eight on placebo), moxifloxacin‐induced QTc prolongation was demonstrated using ER analysis with statistical power of >80%.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study adds to the growing body of data supporting intensive ECG collection and analysis in early‐phase studies to estimate QT liability.
The metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor is necessary for extinction of cocaine‐associated cues
Authors: Perry Christina J , Reed Felicia , Zbukvic Isabel C , Kim Jee Hyun , Lawrence Andrew J 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeThere is currently no medication approved specifically to treat cocaine addiction. Behavioural interventions such as cue exposure therapy (CET) rely heavily on new learning. Antagonism of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential treatment, by reducing the reinforcing properties of cocaine. However, mGlu5 receptor activity is necessary for learning; therefore, such agents could interfere with behavioural treatments. We used a novel rodent model of CET to test the effects of mGlu5 negative and positive allosteric modulators (NAM and PAM) on behavioural therapy.Experimental ApproachRats were trained to press a lever for cocaine in the presence of a discrete cue [conditioned stimulus (CS)] and then extinguished in the absence of the CS. Following lever extinction, half the rats received CS extinction in the same chambers but with the levers withdrawn; the remaining rats received no CS extinction. Before this session, rats received a systemic administration of either vehicle or a mGlu5 NAM (MTEP, experiment 1) or PAM (CDPPB, experiment 2). Cue‐induced reinstatement was tested in a drug‐free session the following day.Key ResultsAt reinstatement, rats that had received CS extinction showed reduced responding. This effect was attenuated by MTEP treatment before CS extinction. In contrast, administration of CDPPB (PAM) led to decreased reinstatement the following day, regardless of extinction condition.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results suggest that mGlu5 receptor activity is both necessary and sufficient for efficient extinction of a cocaine‐associated CS. Therefore, mGlu5 PAMs could enhance the efficacy of CET.
Physiological Responsivity and Executive Functioning: Implications for Adaptation and Resilience in Early Childhood
Authors: Obradović Jelena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKnowledge of how physiological responsivity and executive functioning relate to adaptation and resilience in early childhood has improved dramatically over the last decade, yet most studies focus on only one of these processes. By highlighting new findings and ongoing research, in this article, I advocate for investigating the dynamic interplay among physiological arousal, executive functions, and contextual experiences. New analytic approaches advance the conceptualization and measurement of physiological response as a process that comprises both reactivity and recovery. I also offer strategies for capturing complexities in contextual influences through examination of stimulating experiences, unique proximal and distal pathways, nonlinear effects, and longitudinal cascade models. This work can improve our understanding of how young children cope with stressors, engage with challenges, and achieve the optimal arousal and well‐regulated behavior that supports development and learning.
Multimodality Diagnosis Approach of Cardiac Aspergillosis
Authors: El Ghannudi Soraya , Imperiale Alessio , Dégot Tristan , Germain Philippe , Trinh Annie , Petean Roxana , Le Van Quyen Paulette , Chenard Marie‐Pierrette , Letscher‐Bru Valerie , Kessler Romain , Herbrecht Raoul 
Published: January 2016

Mini‐AbstractA 56‐year‐old patient with a history of bilateral lung transplantation for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia not responding to corticosteroids therapy had a good initial postoperative outcome. One month later, subcutaneous nodules appeared and histopathology revealed septate hyphae in the nodules and Aspergillus fumigatus in bronchial lavage. FDG PET/CT and CMR revealed multiple left and right ventricles abscesses consistent with cardiac aspergillosis. The combination of FDG PET/CT and CMR was useful to detect the cardiac localization of systemic aspergillosis, to define the precise morphological details of myocardial lesions and to evaluate the response to treatment.
Ketogenic diets: from cancer to mitochondrial diseases and beyond
Authors: Branco Ana F. , Ferreira André , Simões Rui F. , Magalhães‐Novais Sílvia , Zehowski Cheryl , Cope Elisabeth , Silva Ana Marta , Pereira Daniela , Sardão Vilma A. , Cunha‐Oliveira Teresa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe employment of dietary strategies such as ketogenic diets, which force cells to alter their energy source, has shown efficacy in the treatment of several diseases. Ketogenic diets are composed of high fat, moderate protein and low carbohydrates, which favour mitochondrial respiration rather than glycolysis for energy metabolism.DesignThis review focuses on how oncological, neurological and mitochondrial disorders have been targeted by ketogenic diets, their metabolic effects, and the possible mechanisms of action on mitochondrial energy homeostasis. The beneficial and adverse effects of the ketogenic diets are also highlighted.Results and conclusionsAlthough the full mechanism by which ketogenic diets improve oncological and neurological conditions still remains to be elucidated, their clinical efficacy has attracted many new followers, and ketogenic diets can be a good option as a co‐adjuvant therapy, depending on the situation and the extent of the disease.