bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pump‐Up in Pop Music of the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: RICCI ADAM 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe pump‐up, which transposes an entire section of a pop song up by semitone or whole tone, has been widely castigated as a cheap trick for investing an inferior song with more energy towards its end. And cheap trick it often is, especially when the procedure seems unmotivated by anything within the song itself but is instead imposed from without. Indeed, previous scholars have focused especially on songs that prepare their pump‐ups through various means. This study continues that focus while also providing some useful generalizations from a corpus study of approximately 250 songs. Concentrating on the decades of the 1970s and '80s as critical to the development of the pump‐up, it identifies common harmonic types and their interaction with particular intervals of transposition – including those larger than a whole step – and then examines some more unusual and nuanced examples.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Norovirus Transmission in Food Establishments: Evaluating the Impact of Intervention Strategies and Food Employee Behavior on the Risk Associated with Norovirus in Foods
Authors: Duret Steven , Pouillot Régis , Fanaselle Wendy , Papafragkou Efstathia , Liggans Girvin , Williams Laurie , Van Doren Jane M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe developed a quantitative risk assessment model using a discrete event framework to quantify and study the risk associated with norovirus transmission to consumers through food contaminated by infected food employees in a retail food setting. This study focused on the impact of ill food workers experiencing symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting and potential control measures for the transmission of norovirus to foods. The model examined the behavior of food employees regarding exclusion from work while ill and after symptom resolution and preventive measures limiting food contamination during preparation. The mean numbers of infected customers estimated for 21 scenarios were compared to the estimate for a baseline scenario representing current practices. Results show that prevention strategies examined could not prevent norovirus transmission to food when a symptomatic employee was present in the food establishment. Compliance with exclusion from work of symptomatic food employees is thus critical, with an estimated range of 75–226% of the baseline mean for full to no compliance, respectively. Results also suggest that efficient handwashing, handwashing frequency associated with gloving compliance, and elimination of contact between hands, faucets, and door handles in restrooms reduced the mean number of infected customers to 58%, 62%, and 75% of the baseline, respectively. This study provides quantitative data to evaluate the relative efficacy of policy and practices at retail to reduce norovirus illnesses and provides new insights into the interactions and interplay of prevention strategies and compliance in reducing transmission of foodborne norovirus.
Safe‐haven currency: An empirical identification
Authors: Lee Kang‐Soek 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts to empirically identify strong safe havens among six currencies: the Swiss franc, Japanese yen, British pound, euro, Canadian dollar and Norwegian krone. Using Markov regime‐switching vector autoregressive models, we test whether the currencies are negatively related to risky assets and whether the negative relation is stronger in times of crisis than in times of growth. We find that (1) the Swiss franc and Japanese yen qualify as strong safe havens, and (2) the other currencies qualify as “equity‐like” or risky currencies.
From bias to coverage: What explains how news organizations treat social movements
Authors: Amenta Edwin , Elliott Thomas Alan , Shortt Nicole , Tierney Amber Celina , Türkoğlu Didem , Vann Burrel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhy do newspapers cover social movement actors, and why is this coverage sometimes favorable? Early scholarship saw the news media mainly as a source of data on collective action, and sought to ascertain its biases, but scholarship has increasingly focused directly on why movements gain coverage, especially coverage that can advance their goals. To understand why and how newspapers cover movement actors, we start with the insight that movements rely on the news media for many reasons, but their coverage is largely in the control of news institutions. In this review, we focus on perspectives that specify 3‐way interactions between the characteristics of newspapers, social movement actors, and the social and political contexts, but we begin with how news media institutions are organized. We conclude with suggestions for future research that take advantage of the digital revolution of the last generation.
No art without propaganda: la constitución de NYKino contra la institución documental.
Authors: Rodríguez Granell Ana 
Published: March 2017

<p>Este artículo analiza a través de fuentes históricas y obras de historia cultural, la emergencia de colectivos de cine y documental militante durante el periodo del New Deal estadounidense teniendo en cuenta las tensiones entre éstos y las políticas documentalistas institucionales o las directrices realistas de los años treinta. Se plantea así que, ante la eclosión de nuevas tecnologías audiovisuales, y la organización de redes de cooperación al margen de los estudios cinematográficos, algunas posiciones críticas no sólo retan ciertas políticas estéticas hegemónicas si no que también establecen nuevos diálogos con narrativas instituidas a la vez que retan los modelos de organización del trabajo de la industria cultural. Para ello se tendrá en cuenta el caso de NYKino, como plataforma escindida que reformulará los preceptos del dogmatismo anti-vanguardista del PCUSA o la pretendida objetividad del documentalismo institucional, llevando a cabo una crítica del trabajo en los espacios de la militancia. De este modo, intentaremos insertar estas prácticas en el marco del modernismo estadounidense. </p>
Comparison of two treatment approaches for prostate cancer: intensity‐modulated radiation therapy combined with seed‐implant brachytherapy or seed‐implant brachytherapy alone
Authors: Song Yulin , Chan Maria F. , Burman Chandra , Cann Donald 
Published: March 2017

The purpose of the present study was to assess the results of two different treatment approaches for clinically localized prostate cancer: intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) followed by seed‐implant brachytherapy and seed‐implant brachytherapy alone. We studied our 30 most recent consecutive patients. The sample population consisted of 15 cases treated with IMRT (50.4 Gy) followed by seed‐implant boost (95 Gy), and 15 cases treated with seed implant only (144 Gy). We analyzed established dosimetric indices and various clinical parameters. In addition, we also evaluated and compared the acute urinary morbidities of the two treatment approaches, as assessed by the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). In our series, acute urinary morbidity was slightly increased with IMRT followed by seed‐implant brachytherapy as compared with seed‐implant brachytherapy alone. In addition, we observed no statistically significant correlation between the IPSS and the maximum or mean urethral dose. The combination of IMRT and seed‐implant brachytherapy presents an alternative opportunity to treat clinically localized prostate cancer. The full potential of the procedure needs to be further investigated.PACS number: 87.53.Tf
Dosimetric evaluation of Plastic Water Diagnostic Therapy
Authors: Ramaseshan Ramani , Kohli Kirpal , Cao Fred , Heaton Robert 
Published: March 2017

High‐precision radiotherapy planning and quality assurance require accurate dosimetric and geometric phantom measurements. Phantom design requires materials with mechanical strength and resilience, and dosimetric properties close to those of water over diagnostic and therapeutic ranges. Plastic Water Diagnostic Therapy (PWDT: CIRS, Norfolk, VA) is a phantom material designed for water equivalence in photon beams from 0.04 MeV to 100 MeV; the material has also good mechanical properties. The present article reports the results of computed tomography (CT) imaging and dosimetric studies of PWDT to evaluate the suitability of the material in CT and therapy energy ranges.We characterized the water equivalence of PWDT in a series of experiments in which the basic dosimetric properties of the material were determined for photon energies of 80 kVp, 100 kVp, 250 kVp, 4 MV, 6 MV, 10 MV, and 18 MV. Measured properties included the buildup and percentage depth dose curves for several field sizes, and relative dose factors as a function of field size. In addition, the PWDT phantom underwent CT imaging at beam qualities ranging from 80 kVp to 140 kVp to determine the water equivalence of the phantom in the diagnostic energy range. The dosimetric quantities measured with PWDT agreed within 1.5% of those determined in water and Solid Water (Gammex rmi, Middleton, WI). Computed tomography imaging of the phantom was found to generate Hounsfield numbers within 0.8% of those generated using water. The results suggest that PWDT material is suitable both for regular radiotherapy quality assurance measurements and for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) verification work. Sample IMRT verification results are presented.PACS number: 87.53Dq
A Localized Complex of Two Protein Oligomers Controls the Orientation of Cell Polarity
Authors: Perez Adam M. , Mann Thomas H. , Lasker Keren , Ahrens Daniel G. , Eckart Michael R. , Shapiro Lucy 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Signaling hubs at bacterial cell poles establish cell polarity in the absence of membrane-bound compartments. In the asymmetrically dividing bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
, cell polarity stems from the cell cycle-regulated localization and turnover of signaling protein complexes in these hubs, and yet the mechanisms that establish the identity of the two cell poles have not been established. Here, we recapitulate the tripartite assembly of a cell fate signaling complex that forms during the G
1
-S transition. Using
in vivo
and
in vitro
analyses of dynamic polar protein complex formation, we show that a polymeric cell polarity protein, SpmX, serves as a direct bridge between the PopZ polymeric network and the cell fate-directing DivJ histidine kinase. We demonstrate the direct binding between these three proteins and show that a polar microdomain spontaneously assembles when the three proteins are coexpressed heterologously in an
Escherichia coli
test system. The relative copy numbers of these proteins are essential for complex formation, as overexpression of SpmX in
Caulobacter
reorganizes the polarity of the cell, generating ectopic cell poles containing PopZ and DivJ. Hierarchical formation of higher-order SpmX oligomers nucleates new PopZ microdomain assemblies at the incipient lateral cell poles, driving localized outgrowth. By comparison to self-assembling protein networks and polar cell growth mechanisms in other bacterial species, we suggest that the cooligomeric PopZ-SpmX protein complex in
Caulobacter
illustrates a paradigm for coupling cell cycle progression to the controlled geometry of cell pole establishment.

IMPORTANCE
Lacking internal membrane-bound compartments, bacteria achieve subcellular organization by establishing self-assembling protein-based microdomains. The asymmetrically dividing bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
uses one such microdomain to link cell cycle progression to morphogenesis, but the mechanism for the generation of this microdomain has remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the ordered assembly of this microdomain occurs via the polymeric network protein PopZ directly recruiting the polarity factor SpmX, which then recruits the histidine kinase DivJ to the developing cell pole. Further, we find that overexpression of the bridge protein SpmX in
Caulobacter
disrupts this ordered assembly, generating ectopic cell poles containing both PopZ and DivJ. Together, PopZ and SpmX assemble into a cooligomeric network that forms the basis for a polar microdomain that coordinates bacterial cell polarity.
Randomised controlled trial of a livestock productive asset transfer programme to improve economic and health outcomes and reduce intimate partner violence in a postconflict setting
Authors: Glass Nancy , Perrin Nancy A , Kohli Anjalee , Campbell Jacquelyn , Remy Mitima Mpanano 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDiverse economic empowerment programmes (eg, microcredit, village-led savings and loan, cash and productive asset transfers) for the poor have demonstrated mixed results as vehicles for improved economic stability, health and women's empowerment. However, limited rigorous evaluations exist on the impact of financial and non-financial outcomes of these programmes, especially in conflict-affected areas.MethodsThe team evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative livestock productive asset transfer intervention—Pigs for Peace (PFP)—on economic, health and women's empowerment outcomes with participants in households in 10 villages in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Residual change analysis was used to examine the amount of change from baseline to 18 months between the intervention and delayed control groups, controlling for baseline scores.FindingsThe majority of the 833 household participants were women (84%), 25 years of age or older, married, had on average 3 children and had never attended school. At 18 months postbaseline, the number of participants in the PFP households having outstanding credit/loans was 24.7% lower than households in the control group (p=0.028), and they had an 8.2% greater improvement in subjective health (p=0.026), a 57.1% greater reduction in symptoms of anxiety (p=0.020) and a 5.7% greater improvement in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<−0.001). At 18 months postbaseline, partnered women and men reported a reduction in experience and perpetration of all forms of intimate partner violence, although not statistically significant between groups.InterpretationThe findings support scalability of a livestock productive asset transfer programme in rural and conflict-affected settings where residents have extremely limited access to financial institutions or credit programmes, health or social services and where social norms that sustain gender inequality are strong.Trial registration numberNCT02008708.
Emergency medical services responders’ perceptions of the effect of stress and anxiety on patient safety in the out-of-hospital emergency care of children: a qualitative study
Authors: Guise Jeanne-Marie , Hansen Matthew , O'Brien Kerth , Dickinson Caitlin , Meckler Garth , Engle Phil , Lambert William , Jui Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivePrehospital emergency medical services (EMS) providers report anxiety as the second most common contributor to paediatric patient safety events. The objective of this study was to understand how EMS providers perceive the effect of stress and anxiety on paediatric out-of-hospital patient safety.SettingThis was a nationwide study of EMS providers from 44 of 50 (88%) US states.ParticipantsA total of 753 eligible EMS professionals, including emergency medical technicians, emergency department physicians and nurses (general and paediatric), and respiratory therapists who participate in out-of-hospital transports.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included responses to: (1) clinical situations where heightened stress or anxiety was likely to contribute to safety events, (2) aspects of these clinical situations that cause stress or anxiety and (3) how stress or anxiety may lead to paediatric safety events.ResultsEMS providers reported that the clinical situations where stress and anxiety were more likely to contribute to paediatric patient safety events were trauma, respiratory distress and cardiac issues. Key themes were: (1) provider sympathy or identification with children, (2) difficulty seeing an innocent child hurt and the inherent value of children and (3) insufficient exposure to paediatric emergencies.ConclusionsCaring for paediatric emergencies creates unique stresses on providers that may affect patient safety. Many of the factors reported to cause provider stress and anxiety are inherent attributes of children and therefore not modifiable. Tools that support care during stressful conditions such as cognitive aids may help to mitigate anxiety in the prehospital care of children. Further research is needed to identify opportunities for and attributes of interventions.
Evaluating process and clinical outcomes of a primary care mental health integration project in rural Rwanda: a prospective mixed-methods protocol
Authors: Smith Stephanie L , Misago Claire Nancy , Osrow Robyn A , Franke Molly F , Iyamuremye Jean Damascene , Dusabeyezu Jeanne D'Arc , Mohand Achour A , Anatole Manzi , Kayiteshonga Yvonne , Raviola Giuseppe J 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionIntegrating mental healthcare into primary care can reduce the global burden of mental disorders. Yet data on the effective implementation of real-world task-shared mental health programmes are limited. In 2012, the Rwandan Ministry of Health and the international healthcare organisation Partners in Health collaboratively adapted the Mentoring and Enhanced Supervision at Health Centers (MESH) programme, a successful programme of supported supervision based on task-sharing for HIV/AIDS care, to include care of neuropsychiatric disorders within primary care settings (MESH Mental Health). We propose 1 of the first studies in a rural low-income country to assess the implementation and clinical outcomes of a programme integrating neuropsychiatric care into a public primary care system.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods evaluation will be conducted. First, we will conduct a quantitative outcomes evaluation using a pretest and post-test design at 4 purposively selected MESH MH participating health centres. At least 112 consecutive adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression or epilepsy will be enrolled. Primary outcomes are symptoms and functioning measured at baseline, 8 weeks and 6 months using clinician-administered scales: the General Health Questionnaire and the brief WHO Disability Assessment Scale. We hypothesise that service users will experience at least a 25% improvement in symptoms and functioning from baseline after MESH MH programme participation. To understand any outcome improvements under the intervention, we will evaluate programme processes using (1) quantitative analyses of routine service utilisation data and supervision checklist data and (2) qualitative semistructured interviews with primary care nurses, service users and family members.Ethics and disseminationThis evaluation was approved by the Rwanda National Ethics Committee (Protocol #736/RNEC/2016) and deemed exempt by the Harvard University Institutional Review Board. Results will be submitted for peer-reviewed journal publication, presented at conferences and disseminated to communities served by the programme.
Evaluating the effectiveness, impact and safety of live attenuated and seasonal inactivated influenza vaccination: protocol for the Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Effectiveness II (SIVE II) study
Authors: Simpson Colin R , Lone Nazir I , Kavanagh Kimberley , Robertson Chris , McMenamin Jim , von Wissmann Beatrix , Vasileiou Eleftheria , Butler Chris , Ritchie Lewis D , Gunson Rory , Schwarze Jürgen , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionSeasonal (inactivated) influenza vaccination is recommended for all individuals aged 65+ and in individuals under 65 who are at an increased risk of complications of influenza infection, for example, people with asthma.Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was recommended for children as they are thought to be responsible for much of the transmission of influenza to the populations at risk of serious complications from influenza. A phased roll-out of the LAIV pilot programme began in 2013/2014. There is limited evidence for vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the populations targeted for influenza vaccination. The aim of this study is to examine the safety and effectiveness of the live attenuated seasonal influenza vaccine programme in children and the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccination programme among different age and at-risk groups of people.Methods and analysisTest negative and cohort study designs will be used to estimate VE. A primary care database covering 1.25 million people in Scotland for the period 2000/2001 to 2015/2016 will be linked to the Scottish Immunisation Recall Service (SIRS), Health Protection Scotland virology database, admissions to Scottish hospitals and the Scottish death register. Vaccination status (including LAIV uptake) will be determined from the primary care and SIRS database. The primary outcome will be influenza-positive real-time PCR tests carried out in sentinel general practices and other healthcare settings. Secondary outcomes include influenza-like illness and asthma-related general practice consultations, hospitalisations and death. An instrumental variable analysis will be carried out to account for confounding. Self-controlled study designs will be used to estimate the risk of adverse events associated with influenza vaccination.Ethics and disseminationWe obtained approval from the National Research Ethics Service Committee, West Midlands—Edgbaston. The study findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN88072400; Pre-results.
Phenomenological signatures of mixed complex scalar WIMP dark matter
Authors: Kakizaki Mitsuru , Santa Akiteru , Seto Osamu 
Published: March 2017

We discuss phenomenological aspects of models whose scalar sector is extended by an isospin doublet scalar and a complex singlet scalar as an effective theory of supersymmetric models with mixed sneutrinos. In such models, the lighter of the mixed neutral scalars can become a viable dark matter (DM) candidate by imposing a global U(1) symmetry. We find that the thermal WIMP scenario is consistent with the cosmological DM abundance when the mass of the scalar is half of that of the discovered Higgs boson or larger than around 100 GeV. We also point out that, with an additional isospin singlet Majorana fermion mediator, even the mass of the scalar WIMP less than around 5 GeV is compatible with the observed DM abundance. We show that such cosmologically allowed regions can be explored at future collider experiments and DM detections.
Design of microwave signal source for CS chip-scale atomic clock
Authors: Lei Ji , Zhi Meng Hui , Li Xin Wei , Liang Tang , Qiao Dong Hai 
Published: March 2017

Nowadays, some countries have already invented chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) based on coherent population trapping (CPT), and it has been applied in every areas. According to its working principle, the microwave signal source is one of the decisive factors affecting its stability. Usually the microwave signal source is a phase-locked loop circuit, it mainly includes a frequency synthesizer, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a loop filter. This paper aims to develop a microwave signal source for Cs CSAC. First, a VCO should be designed, in order to validate the characteristic of the designed VCO, the VCO needs to be tested at high and low temperatures, and the results show that it has good stability of high and low temperatures. Second, for the purpose of verifying that the design and production consistency of the VCO are in good condition, 1000 VCOs are test, respectively. The statistical distribution of the phase noise at 1 kHz offset would be painted a curve. Finally, the designed VCO (PN: 61.01dBc/Hz@1kHz) will be applied in phase-locked loop, the test results show that the phase noise is −83.57dBc/Hz@300Hz, it is much better than −43dBc/Hz@300Hz which is the spec of CSAC. If the microwave signal source would be used in CSAC, its stability would be greatly improved.