bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary channel and floodplain formation in a partly confined subtropical river, eastern Australia
Authors: Daley James , Croke Jacky , Thompson Chris , Cohen Tim , Macklin Mark , Sharma Ashneel 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAlong the eastern margin of Australia, hydrological variability reaches a peak in the subtropics of south‐east Queensland and many rivers have entrenched characteristics. To address the nature of entrenchment and the relationship with adjacent alluvium, this paper presents the results of detailed chrono‐stratigraphic analysis of alluvial units in the partly confined mid‐reaches of Lockyer Creek, Australia. Four sites were investigated using topographic, sedimentological and chronological data. Radiocarbon and single grain optically stimulated luminescence dating indicate a large proportion of the valley fill reflects a major phase of aggradation of fine‐grained alluvium fromca. 35 ka throughout the Last Glacial Cold Period. Synchronous incision of Pleistocene alluvial fills between 11.5 and 9.3 ka suggests the current entrenched Lockyer Creek formed in response to changes in late Quaternary climate. Holocene floodplains set within the entrenched Pleistocene valley floor have basal ages ofca. 7.5 ka, but whose proximal margins are still actively accreting. This Holocene fill has accreted over the mid‐ to late Holocene but overlaps with the contemporary hydrological regime. The sedimentary nature of the Holocene fill appears to be related to persistent antecedent controls in the form of bedrock and terrace constriction.
Tympanosclerosis
Authors: Morgan W. C. 
Published: February 2017

Tympanosclerosis is a pathological condition which results in deposits of dense hyaline tissue or even bone in the lamina propria of the middle ear mucous membrane. It is induced by chronic inflammation in the middle ear, and is likely a Type III immune complex disease.Clinical tympanosclerosis results in decreased sound conduction by fixing ossicles or the tympanic membrane, or by obstruction to ventilation of the middle ear or mastoid. Management is dictated by the location and extent of the tympanosclerotic involvement. Ossicular problems are met by removal of the tympanosclerosis and reconstruction of the chain. The exception to this is in involvement of the stapes and oval window where stapedectomy is usually necessary. Tympanosclerosis is not expected to recur, but in the oval window fibrous scarring usually refixes a mobilized stapes.A greater incidence in recent years is due to an increased awareness and interest.
Trigeminal Neuralgia: Retrolabyrinthine Selective Posterior Root Section
Authors: Pulec Jack L. , Hitselberger WiLliam E. 
Published: February 2017

Selective section of the posterior root of the trigeminal nerve was performed 42 times on 41 patients over the past 5 years. Twenty‐eight retrolabyrinthine procedures for the selective section of the posterior root of the trigeminal nerve were performed for typical tic douloureux with complete lasting relief in 25; 1 was relieved with the addition of aspirin; and 2 were relieved by Tegratol, even though it was ineffective before surgery. Of 8 patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia, 5 required subsequent surgery for treatment of geniculate neuralgia before relief was obtained. Two patients with atypical pain continued their discomfort despite surgery. Selective Vth nerve section was accomplished during translabyrinthine approach in 5 cases with acoustic neuroma and 1 during VIIIth nerve section and facial nerve decompression.There were no deaths and no serious complications. None had facial paralysis or anesthesia dolorosa resulting from the nerve section. The retrolabyrinthine approach to the posterior root of the trigeminal nerve is ideally suited for those patients with refractory tic douloureux or patients with facial pain secondary to other causes such as tumor. Because of its effectiveness and low morbidity this procedure offers advantages over other surgical techniques.
Limitations of Pathologic Diagnosis in Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Harker Lee A. 
Published: February 2017

The pathologist's diagnosis of mucoepidermoid tumor, acinic cell tumor, or oncocytoma may lull the surgeon into a false sense of security about the biologic potential of these tumors. A small percentage of low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas pursue an aggressive biologic course leading to metastases and death of the host. There are also acinic cell tumors and oncocytomas which biologically behave malignantly, metastasizing and causing death. Histologically and cytologically, these malignant varieties cannot be separated from those which pursue a benign course and would theoretically require only conservative excision.It is suggested that when the surgeon receives one of these three diagnoses, the extent of surgical resection be determined by the patient's clinical presentation, as well as knowledge of the tumor's potential, rather than the histopathologic appearance. Evidence from the literature is presented to support this concept.
Evaluation of the Polytetrafluoroethylene‐Membrane Ventilation Tube
Authors: Cantekin Erdem I. , Bluestone Charles D. , Rood Stewart R. 
Published: February 2017

In an effort to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the currently available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐membrane ventilation tube, in a group of 41 children, the experimental tube was inserted into one ear and a conventional tympanostomy tube was placed in the other ear. The membrane tubes, except in a few instances, were inserted into ears without effusion. After the procedure the children were forbidden to swim and their ears were protected during bathing. In addition to pneumatic otoscopy, a specially designed tympanometric test—which determined if the membrane tube was functioning—was used to assess the operation of the new device postoperatively. In many of the children, Eustachian tube function studies were also performed on the ears with the conventional tympanostomy tubes.The study was aborted early in the clinical trial period due to the early findings: only 10 of 41 (24%) of the membrane tubes continued to function, the remainder having become occluded; whereas 35 of 41 (85%) of the conventional tympanostomy tubes were found to be still functioning during the same period of observation. Twelve of the 41 membrane tubes had to be removed prematurely and replaced with conventional tympanostomy tubes due to recurrence of middle ear effusion. Scanning electron microscopic studies of the removed tubes revealed blockage of the membrane pores.From the extraordinarily high failure rate of the PTFE‐membrane ventilation tube in this study, it is evident that the experimental tube should not replace the conventional tympanostomy tube at this time. The selection of the PTFE covering‐membrane on this tube was ill advised, but the rationale of a semipermeable‐membrane ventilation tube has merit. However, should another membrane ventilation tube be designed, its routine use must await controlled clinical trials to determine safety and efficacy in humans.
Metabolic Aspects Of MéNièRe's Disease
Authors: Powers W. Hugh 
Published: February 2017

Metabolic dysfunction is one of many factors mentioned as a primary or contributing cause of Ménière's disease. This evaluation consists of three parts: (1) thyroid studies, (2) five‐hour glucose tolerance test, and (3) adrenal and pituitary tests.Ninety‐eight patients with Ménière's disease are evaluated with an FTA absorption test. neuro‐otologic, allergic, and metabolic studies. The results of the metabolic evaluation are reviewed.Thyroid function is evaluated with the thyroxine (T4) free index test and the serum‐bound thyroxine (T4) test of Murphy‐Pattee. Although 27% had low normal or hypothyroid findings, it was of clinical significance in only 17% of the patients.The five‐hour glucose tolerance test was used to diagnose hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.Thirty percent of the 70 patients evaluated had an abnormal five‐hour glucose tolerance test. The 19 patients (28%) with a hypoglycemic curve are almost equally divided between a flat glucose tolerance curve, a reactive hypoglycemic curve, and chemical or latent diabetic curve. A manifest diabetic curve was present in two patients. Hypoglycemia was not a primary factor in Ménière's disease but was an important contributing cause in 12 patients that responded to a combination of dietary, allergic or endocrine therapy.The symptoms of Ménière's disease often become manifest during periods of stress. The adrenal pituitary axis plays a vital role in man's reaction to stress. For this reason, hypoadrenal function was suggested as an etiology in some patients with Ménière's disease.In this study two recently devised tests were used to measure adrenocortical reserve: (1) ACTH plasma cortisol stimulation test, and (2) insulin stimulation test.Sixty of the 98 patients were evaluated with the ACTH plasma cortisol stimulation test, and one‐third had a lowered adrenocortical reserve. Further endocrine studies are being performed to determine the presence of a specific endocrine problem.After evaluation of 98 patients with Ménière's disease, we concluded the following:

The five‐hour glucose tolerance test is helpful in identifying hypoglycemia, which may be a contributing factor in Ménière's disease.
Non‐myxedematous hypothyroidism may play an important role in some patients with Ménière's disease.Further endocrine studies will be necessary to determine the significance of the lowered adrenocortical reserve as shown by the ACTH plasma cortisol stimulation test.
Bell's Palsy: Progressive Ascending Paralysis, Therapeutic Implications
Authors: May Mark 
Published: February 2017

This prospective study of 61 patients with Bell's Palsy supports the concept of a progressive ascending paralysis via the chorda tympani nerve. The severity of degeneration is directly related to the linear extent of facial nerve involvement within the fallopian canal.Reliably poor prognostic indicators are progression of paresis to complete paralysis, loss of tearing, reduced submandibular salivary flow to 25% or less, or a decreased or loss of response to maximal percutaneous electrical stimulation.Of the 61 patients selected for this study, 29 patients did not exhibit any of the above indicators and each had, without treatment, a complete or satisfactory return of facial function.However, 32 patients who exhibited one or more of the poor prognostic indicators, did not do as well. Of 12 patients operated on, four patients had complete recovery, while 3 patients had a fair return of facial function. None of the nonoperated‐on or steroid‐treated patients recovered completely. The number of patients having a poor recovery was highest among the steroid treated, lower among those who did not receive steroids, and lowest among those operated on. Decompression of the vertical and horizontal segments of the facial nerve was an effective form of treatment provided it was performed when submandibular salivary flow was 25% or less, while tearing and response to electrical stimulation were still normal. Seven of eight patients operated on with these criteria had a complete or satisfactory return of facial function.A loss of tearing was the most important prognostic sign. There were 14 patients with a loss of tearing on the involved side. Each one had a poor return of facial motor function with severe complications of faulty regeneration in spite of surgical decompression of the vertical‐horizontal segment of the facial nerve in 4 patients, steroid therapy in 7 patients, or no treatment in 3 patients. Based upon these results, a prospective study of the effectiveness of a total facial nerve decompression is justified for the few select cases with a dry eye, who would otherwise be destined to spend their lives as a facial cripple.
Lymphocyte‐Tumor Cell Interaction in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Adelstein Edward H. , Davis William E. , Oxenhandler Ronald W. , Templer Jerry W. , Barrett Barbro A.-L. 
Published: February 2017

Peripheral lymphocytes from 12 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were incubated with autologous tumor explants. Four of the 12 patients demonstrated lymphocyte induced tumor cytotoxicity. These lymphocytes adhered to the tumor cells and deposited a radioactive label from their surface onto tumor cells. The deposition of this label was associated with tumor death.Tissue sections from those patients who demonstrated lymphocyte cytotoxicity showed a marked plasmacytic infiltration. This was in contrast to non‐responders where only a desmoplastic tissue response was observed with few inflammatory cells.
The Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome
Authors: Valvassori Galdino E. , Clemis Jack D. 
Published: February 2017

The radiographic observation of 50 patients, each having an enlarged (greater than 1.5 mm. diameter) vestibular aqueduct, are analyzed. In addition to the aqueduct other associated inner ear anomalies have been identified in 60% of this population including: enlarged vestibule (14); enlarged vestibule and lateral semicircular canal (7); enlarged vestibule and hypoplastic cochlea (4); and hypoplastic cochlea (4). The large aqueduct then presumably represents an arrested phase of inner ear development common to all 50 cases. Only 8 of these cases may fall into the Mondini or Mondini‐Alexander classification wherein cochlear abnormalities have been identified.The size of the aqueduct ranged from 1.5 to 8 mm. in the anteroposterior diameter; the clinical incidence is 50 in 3700 consecutive cases referred for inner ear tomography. Bilateral involvement is twice as common as unilateral with a female to male predominance of 3:2. Most cases are associated with congenital hearing losses.
Laryngotracheoplasty for Acquired Subglottic Stenosis in Infants and Children: Experience With Six Cases
Authors: Gates George A. , Fernandez Alberto T. 
Published: February 2017

Six children aged 6–50 months with acquired subglottic stenosis persisting after medical and endoscopic treatment underwent 7 open resections of the stenotic tissue followed by internal stenting. Five were successfully decannulated after an average treatment time of 6.8 months; the sixth died after accidental extubation. All 5 have satisfactory vocal and respiratory function 11 to 36 months postoperatively (6–18 months postextubation).Transcartilaginous open resection of subglottic stenosis is a feasible treatment option which can be used, even in the infant, when expectant observation is not advisable.
Horizontal Glottectomy
Authors: Calearo Carlo V. , Teatini Gianpietro 
Published: February 2017

Horizontal glottectomy is a procedure which allows removal of the whole glottis, together with its cartilaginous framework. It is performed by means of two horizontal incisions, the lower through the cricothyroid membrane, and the upper one across the wings of the thyroid. The gap is then closed by approximating the cricoid to the thyroid remnants (cricothyropexy).The indications for horizontal glottectomy are: 1) “double” cancers (i.e. two independent tumors, one on each vocal cord). 2) Hyperkeratosis of the glottis associated with carcinoma in situ. 3) Verrucous cancers of the glottis. 4) Cancers of one vocal cord invading the opposite one via the anterior commissure. In a period of 4 years, 16 patients have been operated on with good early results.
Intra and Extracranial Meningiomas Involving the Temporal Bone
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. 
Published: February 2017

Meningiomas involving the temporal bone are very rare. Until 1964, only 39 cases had been reported in the world literature. Most series reported are very small and a physician is unable, based on his own experience, to acquire a sufficient knowledge about this entity and may raise serious doubts regarding the diagnosis and management of these tumors.In the past nine years the author has encountered five cases of meningiomas involving the temporal bone. This became a stimulus for a thorough research of the world literature of meningiomas in general, with emphasis on temporal bone involvement. Nine more cases were collected from cooperative physicians with whom the author has been associated. These 14 cases are the clinical material analysed in this study.This thesis is divided into three sections: 1. Exhaustive review of the world literature on meningiomas with emphasis on involvement of the temporal bone. 2. A detailed presentation and discussion of the clinical material stressing the importance of the newer diagnostic methods available and the most modern microsurgical techniques used in otological and neurological surgery procedures, applied to the treatment of those lesions. A light microscopic histopathological study of all cases reported is presented. Electronmicroscopy demonstrates the true intracellular nature of an atypical, recurrent meningioma occurring in a child. 3. A critical evaluation of the cases presented and the value of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods applied in this series of patients are here analysed. Conclusions are then drawn based on the experience and knowledge accumulated in this study.The histopathological diagnosis of meningiomas sometimes is difficult. Probably those tumors involve the temporal bone more commonly than has been reported in the literature. Some of these lesions probably are being misdiagnosed as chemodectomas or other neoplasias. Computerized axial tomography, particularly applied to the diagnosis of brain lesions, is the major break‐through of recent modern medicine. A noninvasive technique, when used with contrast enhancement, offers great diagnostic possibilities. Early diagnosis of meningiomas and their complete surgical excision are the key factors necessary for a successful result with a good prognosis and a low recurrence rate.Although these tumors are classically considered radioresistant, radiotherapy may play a role in the treatment of incompletely excised lesions or in patients of a poor surgical risk. Further experiences and time will probably lead to more definite conclusions regarding the role of radiation therapy or the combined surgical and postoperative radiation treatment.Of all brain tumors, meningiomas offer the best prognosis.
Relationships between Cervical Node Histological Patterns and Rosette Test Scores: Possible Prognostic Value in Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Menzio P. , Cortesina G. , Sartoris A. , Morra B. , Bussi M. , Tabaro G. 
Published: February 2017

In previous research the authors have remarked that some hystological patterns — macrophagic hyperplasia and thymus‐dependent areas hyperplasia — when prevailing in cervical nodes of laryngeal cancer patients, possess a positive prognostic value.In this study the possible relationship between the results of E and EAC‐rosettes and prevailing hystologic patterns in cervical nodes is investigated. A positive correlation was not found.Conclusively, the inconsistency of aspecific tests for prognostic purposes and the need for a specific immunological monitoring system are outlined.
Management of the Scoliotic Nose
Authors: Stucker Fred J. 
Published: February 2017

The twisted nose represents an enigma to many rhinoplasty surgeons because of its frequent recurrence following correction. Reasons for failure include improper preoperative evaluation, failure to understand and compensate for the dynamics of cartilage and faulty surgical execution.One cannot expect a perfectly straight nose on all occasions but an analytic evaluation and appropriate surgical execution can routinely yield an apparently straight nose.The dynamics of the twisted nose are explored with special emphasis on the septal contribution to the scoliosis. The contribution of the bony and cartilaginous structures to the deformity is emphasized. An appreciation of the nasal cartilage‐osseous unit is essential to understand the production of the twisted nose and its subsequent correction.
Accuracy of Hearing Prediction by the Acoustic Reflex
Authors: Hall James W. , Koval Charles B. 
Published: February 2017

Seven methods of hearing loss prediction from acoustic reflex data were compared in 225 adult subjects. The prediction methods were two versions of Sensitivity Prediction by the Acoustic Reflex (SPAR), four regression equations and a bivariate plot technique. Accuracy of hearing prediction varied significantly among methods. Hearing loss was identified most accurately with the bivariate plot technique. One SPAR version best categorized degree of hearing loss. With two of the regression equations, predicted hearing threshold level (HTL) was within ± 15 dB of actual HTL in two‐thirds of the subjects. When hearing level was categorized, all methods produced a sizeable proportion of predictive errors (29 to 48%). Serious errors, however, were uncommon.Accuracy of hearing loss prediction among methods was assessed as a function of subject age and minor impedance aberration. In general, neither factor was associated with a statistically significant change in predictive accuracy.
Validation of a Vocal Cord Lateralization Procedure
Authors: Lewy Robert B. , Borkenhagen Robert , Hinojosa Jorge 
Published: February 2017

Various corrective procedures have been described to move the midline paralyzed vocal cord laterally in order to create a more desirable air exchange position. They have been complicated and often unsatisfactory, even for the skilled operator.A newer, direct approach by direct laryngoscopy, including incision and debulking of the paralyzed vocal process, as first reported by Fernando Kirchner, M.D., is described. The direct laryngoscopic method permits easier accessability for this problemIn three involved surgical cases discussed, the air exchange in each was improved. The patients have continued to have good functional voices and no longer require tracheostomy.
Treatment of Recurrent Carcinoma at the Base of the Skull With Carbon Dioxide Laser
Authors: Rontal Michael , Rontal Eugene 
Published: February 2017

The extension of carcinoma to the cribriform plate is a poor prognostic finding. Two extremes of treatment approach have been advocated. On the one hand, patients may be abandoned to palliative chemotherapy. On the other hand, heroic and aggressive resections may be advocated including combined neurosurgical transdural and otolaryngologic facial‐orbital resection. Armed with the surgical microscope and the CO2 laser there may be a place for a middle ground of therapy.We present our experience with recurrent tumor after full course radiation therapy and maxilloethmoidectomy. The biopsy proven recurrences were found at the cribriform plate but could not be shown to have crossed into the anterior cranial fossa by polytomography or high resolution CT scanning. The CO2 surgical laser delivered through the surgical microscope was used with repeated applications. Recurrent epidermoid carcinoma found to be confined to the nasal side of the cribriform plate can be controlled by careful microscopic stripping of soft tissue from the cribriform plate with a surgical laser.
Carotid Sinus Itypersensitivity: A Cause of Syncope in Patients with Tumors of the Head and Neck
Authors: Muntz Harlan R. , Smith Peter G. 
Published: February 2017

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity secondary to the presence of an underlying head and neck cancer has only recently been discussed in the literature. We present seven cases of carotid sinus hypersensitivity, each with paroxysmal bradycardia and hypotension associated both with and without palpation of the carotid bifucation. A discussion of the anatomy and the etiology of the hypersensitivity is given. Currently available therapeutic modalities are discussed in regard to their efficacy in this study.Carotid sinus hypersensitivity secondary to tumor in the neck is most often vasodilatory in nature and hence does not respond well to transvenous pacemaker. The best treatment for severe hypersensitivity appears to be periarteriectomy or intracranial nerve root section. Radiation therapy is occasionally beneficial.