bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escaping blood-fed malaria mosquitoes minimize tactile detection without compromising on take-off speed
Authors: Muijres F. T. , Chang S. W. , van Veen W. G. , Spitzen J. , Biemans B. T. , Koehl M. A. R. , Dudley R. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTTo escape after taking a blood meal, a mosquito must exert forces sufficiently high to take off when carrying a load roughly equal to its body weight, while simultaneously avoiding detection by minimizing tactile signals exerted on the host's skin. We studied this trade-off between escape speed and stealth in the malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii using 3D motion analysis of high-speed stereoscopic videos of mosquito take-offs and aerodynamic modeling. We found that during the push-off phase, mosquitoes enhanced take-off speed using aerodynamic forces generated by the beating wings in addition to leg-based push-off forces, whereby wing forces contributed 61% of the total push-off force. Exchanging leg-derived push-off forces for wing-derived aerodynamic forces allows the animal to reduce peak force production on the host's skin. By slowly extending their long legs throughout the push-off, mosquitoes spread push-off forces over a longer time window than insects with short legs, thereby further reducing peak leg forces. Using this specialized take-off behavior, mosquitoes are capable of reaching take-off speeds comparable to those of similarly sized fruit flies, but with weight-normalized peak leg forces that were only 27% of those of the fruit flies. By limiting peak leg forces, mosquitoes possibly reduce the chance of being detected by the host. The resulting combination of high take-off speed and low tactile signals on the host might help increase the mosquito's success in escaping from blood-hosts, which consequently also increases the chance of transmitting vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, to future hosts.
Validação da Escala Abreviada de Sintomas em Pacientes com Neoplasias Mieloproliferativas (MPN-SAF-TSS): Avaliação em Pacientes Colombianos
Authors: Lozano Teófilo , Wiesner Carolina , Mesa Rubén , Robyn Marie Emanuel , Suárez Martha , Salguero Edgar 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: validar na Colômbia, a escala abreviada de sintomas representativos de neoplasias mieloproliferativas, para u seu posterior uso em investigação e a sua aplicação no âmbito clínico. Materiais e métodos: realizouse a adaptação transcultural da escala MPN-SAF-TSS (pelas suas siglas em inglês mieloproliferative neoplasm symptom assesment form total sympton score) ao espanhol colombiano, com análises estadísticas de validez e con abilidade com um tamanho de amostra determinado para cada propriedade psicométrica. Resultados: com base nas propriedades psicométricas conseguiuse verificar a confiabilidade e a estrutura interna da escala com alfa de Cronbach de 0,8552, o que denota uma boa consistência interna; se obteve um coeficiente de correlação de concordância de Lin de 0,765 mostrando uma boa confiabilidade; a análise fatorial mostrou múltiplos valores de coeficiente de correlação por acima de 0.3 indicando que as variáveis da escala medem fatores comuns, a validez de critério concorrente determina que a escala mede o que deve medir, com um adequado coe ciente de correlação de Spearman de -0,71 e -0,73 ao confrontá-la com as escalas facit-Fatigue e Fact-Lym respectivamente. Conclusão: a escala MPN-SAF-TSS adaptada ao espanhol colombiano, é um instrumento válido para a avaliação de sintomas em pacientes com neoplasias mieloproliferativas e pode ser utilizado na prática clínica ou em estudos clínicos pelas suas adequadas propriedades psicométricas.
Utilización de medicamentos antidepresivos en población adolescente de Colombia: un estudio tipo prescripción-indicación
Authors: Machado-Duque MD, MSc Manuel Enrique , Echeverri-Chabur MD, MSc Jorge Enrique , Machado-Alba MD, MSc, PhD Jorge Enrique 
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: determinar las indicaciones de uso de antidepresivos en adolescentes (14-19 años) de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal donde se incluyeron datos de pacientes adolescentes, de cualquier sexo, que estuvieran recibiendo algún antidepresivo entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2016. Se revisaron las historias clínicas en las que se evaluaron variables sociodemográ cas, farmacológicas, clínicas, incluidos el diagnóstico, la indicación aprobada o no y las comedicaciones. Se realizaron análisis multivariados. Resultados: se evaluaron 350 adolescentes tratados con antidepresivos, con edad media de 16,3 ± 1,4 años, ligero predominio femenino, con 209 pacientes (59,7%). La mayoría de prescripciones fueron realizadas por médico general (n=258; 73,7%). Los antidepresivos más utilizados fueron uoxetina (n=130; 37,1%), sertralina (n=56; 16,0%) y trazodona (n=47; 13,4%). Las principales indicaciones de uso fueron depresión (n=92; 26,3%), ansiedad (n=53; 15,1%), migraña (n=48; 13,7%), control de abuso de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (n=34; 9,7%) e insomnio (n=20; 5,7%). Solo 150 (42,9%) prescripciones se realizaron según aprobación por parte de agencias reguladoras. El análisis multivariado de la prescripción en indicaciones no aprobadas mostró que tener depresión (or: 0,004; ic95%: ,001-0,018), ansiedad (or: 0,028; ic95%: 0,010-0,076) o trastorno afectivo bipolar (or: 0,071; ic95%:0,011-0,461) estaban asociadas a una menor probabilidad de uso por fuera del aprobado. Discusión: la prescripción de los fármacos antidepresivos en pacientes adolescentes colombianos se está haciendo en especial con fluoxetina, sertralina y trazodona, principalmente para indicaciones no aprobadas. No hay una guía de práctica clínica en el país para el uso de estos medicamentos en la población adolescente.
Female genital mutilation: An exploratory study of teachers' knowledge and experiences
Authors: Wood Rebecca 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is prevalent in the United Kingdom (UK) but there is a dearth of evidence on teachers' understandings of the practice. This study explored primary school teachers' knowledge and experiences of FGM. Methods: A grounded theory study, using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 11 primary school teachers, from the North West of England. Data analysis adhered to the principles of grounded theory. Findings: Three themes were generated: fear, cultural subjectivity and teaching culture. Despite teachers wanting to ‘do the right thing’ their lack of confidence and perception that they needed authorisation to intervene prevented them from doing so. Conclusions: This study has provided insight into teachers' perceptions of their role in relation to FGM. Supportive professional guidelines aimed at those working in schools could provide the confidence needed to tackle issues related to FGM.
Tractor Power Take-Off Torque Measurement and Data Acquisition System
Authors: Roeber James BW , Pitla Santosh K , Hoy Roger M , Luck Joe D , Kocher Mike F 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. With the mechanization of agricultural operations, agricultural machinery management has become an extensive research field. Sizing tractors and implements to provide the most efficient power transfer has become an ongoing process with advances in technology. Utilization of the rotational power transferred through gear trains from the tractor engine to the power take-off (PTO) shaft is one of the most efficient methods of power transfer to an implement. This research used commercially available torque sensors that were installed on a tractor PTO shaft for measuring the torque delivered to an implement. The torque sensor was calibrated using the Nebraska Tractor Test Lab’s (NTTL) dynamometer by following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Code 2 test procedure for varying PTO loads. The calibration of the sensor was verified using the full load at varying speeds test as described in the OECD Code 2. Tractor PTO shaft torque values measured by the torque sensor were compared to the NTTL’s dynamometer torque measurement. Differences in torque values measured between the sensor and the dynamometer ranged from 3 to 23 N·m. Student’s t-test showed no significant difference between the measurements during the full load varying speed tests which demonstrated that the sensor can be mounted on the tractor’s PTO shaft for torque data collection in field operations. Keywords: Data Acquisition, LabVIEW, Power Take-off, Torque, Tractor.
Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain
Authors: Armstrong Paul R , McNeil Samuel , Manu Naomi , Bosomtwe Augustine , Danso James K , Osekre Enoch , Opit George 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Storage of grain in bags is common in Africa, Asia, and many other less developed countries making a bag probing method well-suited for moisture content (MC) measurement. A low-cost meter was developed under a USAID project to reduce post-harvest loss (PHL). The meter, referred to as the PHL meter, measures the MC of maize and other grains based on relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements obtained by a small digital sensor located in the tip of a tubular probe that can be inserted into bags of grain or other grain bulks. Measurements are used by equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations programmed into the meter to predict MC. A handheld reader connected to the probe provides a user interface. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, Grain storage, Maize, Moisture content, Moisture meter, Post-harvest
Existence Results for Solutions to Nonlinear Dirac Systems on Compact Spin Manifolds
Authors: Yang Xu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, we study the existence of solutions for the Dirac system

{

D
⁢
u

=

∂
⁡
H

∂
⁡
v

⁢

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

on
⁢
M

,

D
⁢
v

=

∂
⁡
H

∂
⁡
u

⁢

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

on
⁢
M

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle Du&\displaystyle=\frac{\partial H}{% \partial v}(x,u,v)\quad\text{on }M,\\ \displaystyle Dv&\displaystyle=\frac{\partial H}{\partial u}(x,u,v)\quad\text{% on }M,\end{aligned}\right.

where M is an m-dimensional compact Riemannian spin manifold,

u
,
v

∈

C
∞

⁢

(
M
,

Σ
⁢
M

)

{u,v\in C^{\infty}(M,\Sigma M)}

are spinors, D is the Dirac operator on M, and the fiber preserving map

H
:

Σ
⁢
M

⊕

Σ
⁢
M

→
ℝ

{H:\Sigma M\oplus\Sigma M\rightarrow\mathbb{R}}

is a real-valued superquadratic function of class

C
1

{C^{1}}

with subcritical growth rates. Two existence results of nontrivial solutions are obtained via Galerkin-type approximations and linking arguments.
ℋ∞-Sliding-Mode Beobachterentwurf
Authors: Misgeld Berno Johannes Engelbert , Thiel Michael , Schubert Philipp , Leonhardt Steffen 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird die Erweiterung eines Luenberger-Beobachters mit einem strukturvariablen Anteil vorgestellt. Ziel
ist die Zustandsrekonstruktion in unsicheren Systemen. Die Synthese der stetigen Rückführung des Beobachters erfolgt
über die Minimierung der ℋ∞-Systemnorm. Für die Minimierung des
ℋ∞-Problems werden neben der Vorgabe einer statischen Rückführungsmatrix des Beobachters weitere
strukturelle Bedingungen gefordert. Diese strukturellen Bedingungen werden wiederum benötigt, um die Stabilität der
Fehlerdynamik des Beobachters für die Kombination von stetiger (Luenberger) Rückführung und unstetigem Anteil zu
zeigen. Abschließend wird der Entwurf am Beispiel eines nichtlinearen mathematischen Pendels demonstriert.
Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus dietary intake in active and sedentary Polish students
Authors: Malara Marzena , Tkaczyk Joanna , Kęska Anna , Lutosławska Grażyna , Mazurek Krzysztof 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Study aim: To evaluate energy, macronutrient, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate daily intake in young healthy Polish male students. Material and methods: Two hundred and sixteen participants were physical education students engaged in regular physical ac­tivity (about 9 h/week) and were recognized as physically active. One hundred and fourteen students were from other speciali­zations participating in 1.5 h/week gymnastics classes and were recognized as sedentary. Body mass and height were measured using standard medical equipment. Body fat was evaluated from four skinfold measurements. In all subjects daily intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, magnesium and phosphate was briefly assessed from 24-hour food records taken over 4 days. Results: The active students’ diet was characterized by significantly higher energy, macronutrient and mineral daily intake. Moreover, calcium to phosphorus and calcium to magnesium ratios in active subjects were higher than in sedentary ones. There was no significant difference between groups in protein or magnesium intake expressed per 1000 kcal. In contrast, daily intake of fat and phosphate expressed per 1000 kcal was significantly lower in the active students vs. sedentary ones (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for fat and phosphate, respectively). Active students were characterized by significantly higher carbohydrate and cal­cium intake per 1000 kcal in comparison with their sedentary counterparts (p < 0.001 for both variables). Conclusions: The dietary pattern of active students was found to be slightly but significantly better than that of their sedentary counterparts. However, in both groups it was far from being a healthy one.
Situation-Bound Utterances and Formulaic Competence: The Case of Chinese Learners of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Zhiqi Gong , Hui Jiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between situation-bound utterances (SBUs thereafter) and formulaic competence, focusing on the acquisition of three subcategories of SBUs among early intermediate and early advanced Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). A group of native English speakers also participated in this study to provide baseline data. One-way ANOVA analysis and post hoc tests confirmed that linguistic competence usually preceded formulaic competence for EFL learners. The findings also showed no statistically significant difference existing between the three groups of participants in the use of plain SBUs, and this could be attributed to the low degree of cultural-embeddedness and high semantic transparency of plain SBUs. It was further argued that a threshold has to be reached for EFL learners to go through a movement from rules to wholes.
The Effect of the Continuation Task on the Acquisition of the Chinese Spatial Phrase Structure by L2 Chinese Learners
Authors: Liyun Zeng , Zhicheng Mao , Lin Jiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of the continuation task (CT) on the acquisition of the Chinese spatial phrase structure (SPS) by learners of various L1 backgrounds learning Chinese as a second language (CSL). Two groups of participants were formed: a continuation group and a reading comprehension group. The former was required to continue in Chinese a text with its ending removed, while the latter needed to complete the Q&A questions after reading the same text. The effect of the tasks was measured by examining the CSL learners’ correct use of the Chinese SPS in three aspects — the circum-construction, the use of prepositions and the use of the locative. The study found that the continuation group made significant improvement from the pretest to the posttests while the reading comprehension group did not. Moreover, the continuation group outperformed the reading comprehension group significantly in the posttests, though there was no significant difference between them in the pretest. The results showed that CT can facilitate CSL learners’ acquisition of the Chinese SPS, with a better effect than the reading comprehension task.
Generalized n-circular projections on JB*-triples and Hilbert C0(Ω)-modules
Authors: Ilišević Dijana , Liu Chih-Neng , Wong Ngai-Ching 
Published: October 2017

Abstract Being expected as a Banach space substitute of the orthogonal projections on Hilbert spaces, generalized n-circular projections also extend the notion of generalized bicontractive projections on JB*-triples. In this paper, we study some geometric properties of JB*-triples related to them. In particular, we provide some structure theorems of generalized n-circular projections on an often mentioned special case of JB*-triples, i.e., Hilbert C*-modules over abelian C*-algebras C0(Ω).
A global perspective to connections on principal 2-bundles
Authors: Waldorf Konrad 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
For a strict Lie 2-group, we develop a notion of Lie 2-algebra-valued differential forms on Lie groupoids, furnishing a differential graded-commutative Lie algebra equipped with an adjoint action of the Lie 2-group and a pullback operation along Morita equivalences between Lie groupoids. Using this notion, we define connections on principal 2-bundles as Lie 2-algebra-valued 1-forms on the total space Lie groupoid of the 2-bundle, satisfying a condition in complete analogy to connections on ordinary principal bundles. We carefully treat various notions of curvature, and prove a classification result by the non-abelian differential cohomology of Breen–Messing. This provides a consistent, global perspective to higher gauge theory.
Gait adaptations after vestibular stimulation in children with congenital visual impairments: a comparative study
Authors: Tsaklis Panagiotis , Zorzos Savvas Alexandros , Mertyri Dimitra 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe study is based on the hypothesis that individuals with congenital total or partial loss of vision develop more effective gait adjustments compared with those who are sighted, after stimulation of the vestibular system. Therefore, they are able to manage their motor control better. The aim was to investigate the way individuals with congenital total or partial vision loss adjust their gait following vestibular stimulation, compared with sighted blindfolded individuals.MethodsThe total of 10 children with congenital visual impairments constituted the experimental group and 10 children with normal vision (blindfolded with special mask) formed the control group. We performed gait analysis (forward and backward gait direction) with a three-dimensional gait analysis system. The walking speed (m/s) of each group, before and after the vestibular stimulation, during forward and backward gait, was analysed.ResultsThe average walking speed of the children in the experimental group, statistically, revealed no significant differences before and after the vestibular stimulation. Conversely, in the control group, statistically significant differences in the mean walking speed before and after the vestibular system stimulation were found.ConclusionsChildren with congenital total or partial blindness may adapt their gait strategy more adequately, after vestibular stimulation, during forward and backward gait, as compared with sighted blindfolded children. Consequently, the first group is in the position to manage their motor control more sufficiently.
The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump and delayed onset muscle soreness in brazilian soccer players
Authors: Fonseca Renato Tavares , Nunes Rodolfo De Alkmim Moreira , Castro Juliana Brandão Pinto de , Lima Vicente Pinheiro , Silva Sérgio Gregorio , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Vale Rodrigo Gomes De Souza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurpose. To compare the effects of aquatic and land plyometric training on the vertical jump (VJ) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in soccer players. Methods. Twenty-four male soccer players aged 16-18 years (16.53 ± 0.5 years) were randomly divided into three groups: aquatic plyometric training (APT) (n = 8; age: 16.4 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 68.3 ± 7.54 kg; height: 179.75 ± 8.13 cm); land plyometric training (LPT) (n = 8; age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass: 68.2 ± 7.8 kg; height: 177.0 ± 7.4 cm); and control group (n = 8; age: 16.7 ± 0.6 years; body mass: 61.2 ± 6.5 kg; height: 171.43 ± 5.75 cm), not performing any jump program. An identical training program was applied for 6 weeks, totalling 944 jumps. The VJ was evaluated on a leap jump platform and the Visual Analogue Scale measured the change in DOMS perception. Results. There was a significant increase in the VJ height in both experimental groups (LPT and APT) (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in DOMS perception was verified for the APT group in comparison with the LPT group (p < 0.05) between the first and last week of training. The foot contact time significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the APT group from pre- to posttest. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the flight time and jump speed from pre- to post-test in both LPT and APT groups. Conclusions. APT can increase the VJ height and reduce DOMS perception in soccer players.
A Comparative Study of the Activity of TiO2 Degussa P25 and Millennium PCs in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Bromothymol Blue
Authors: Bouanimba Nour , Laid Nassima , Zouaghi Razika , Sehili Tahar 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 Degussa P25 and Millennium PCs (PC50, PC100, PC105 and PC500) were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of Bromothymol Blue (BTB). The relationship between the photocatalytic reaction and the adsorption of BTB on the TiO2 catalysts at acidic, natural and basic mediums of pH was investigated. The crystalline phase, average crystalline size and surface area of the catalyst were found to have a significant influence on the adsorption and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 samples. The mixed phase of anatase/rutile (Degussa P25) was found to be the most efficient photocatalytical material than pure phase anatase (Millennium PCs) and faster degradation is observed for PC500 compared to other Millennium PCs, this was attributed to the high surface area of PC500. Within the PC50, PC100 and PC105 series, the photocatalytic efficiency increased with the decrease of the surface area. The COD and TOC removals increased slowly, however, the decolorization ratio of BTB increased rapidly at the same time. Thereafter, the efficiency of P25 and PC500 were compared in presence of H2O2, Cl− and HCO3− at different mediums of pH. H2O2 was found to enhance strongly the BTB degradation in presence of P25 with an optimum at natural pH. In contrast, the reaction was inhibited in the presence of PC500, due to the inhibition of dye adsorption. At different pH, the BTB degradation has been significantly inhibited in the presence of the mixtures of HCO3−/H2O2. In contrast, the mixtures of Cl−/H2O2 accelerate the BTB degradation at acidic pH.