bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HÆMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: HICKIE J. B. , SELDON W. A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryDirect percutaneous puncture of the left ventricle has been performed on 17 occasions in 16 patients with aortic stenosis. It is a simple, repeatable procedure and causes no significant change in circulatory hæmodynamics. The systolic gradient, aortic valve area and brachial artery upstroke time were calculated by comparison with an immediately consecutive brachial artery record. A systolic gradient of 50 mm. Hg indicates a severe lesion, and moderately large gradients were found in patients with slight electrocardiographic changes. Further study is needed to decide the place of this investigation in the surgical assessment of aortic stenosis.
DYSTROPHIA MYOTONICA—DEATH UNDER “PENTOTHAL” ANÆSTHESIA
Authors: PACHOMOV N. , CAUGHEY J. E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA girl of twelve had suffered locking of the knees, lumbar lordosis and ptosis since birth. Her physical development had been generally retarded. Her maternal grandfather and her mother had both suffered “locking” of the knees and myopathy.Various muscles showed atrophy and pseudohypertrophy, and there was myotonia of the tongue. Early cataracts were present in both eyes. Examination revealed no abnormality of the heart.Operation for the ptosis, under “Pentothal”, ethyl chloride and open ether anæsthesia, was uneventful but respiration ceased suddenly 30 minutes after operation, and she died 25 minutes later. At autopsy the heart showed adipose and collagenous replacement of myocardial fibres. Similar changes were present in skeletal muscles.Cardiac involvement has been reported in 62 of 98 cases of dystvophia myotonica and in a further 18 of 35 previously reported by the author. It is usually manifested by electrocardiographic changes, and physical signs are rare. Such patients have been reported to be particularly prone to respiratory troubles during “Pentothal” anæsthesia. Enzymes concerned with the detoxication of “Pentothal” may be deficient in myotonica dystrophia.
THE ARGENTAFFIN CARCINOMA SYNDROME
Authors: HAY D. R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA case of the argentaffin carcinoma syndrome is recorded. Attacks of trembling, sleeplessness and dyspnœa at night had been present for 14 years, and laparotomy 12 years before her death showed significant abnormalities in the intestine. Symptoms had been present for at least fourteen years, and in the terminal stages typical skin changes, asthma, diarrhœa, borborygmi, hepatomegaly and tricuspid valve disease were present. (Edema, oliguria and sweating were also prominent symptoms, and there was a high urinary excretion of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
BOECK'S SARCOID WITH INVOLVEMENT OF THE HEART
Authors: ADAMS JOHN L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThere have been 37 recorded cases of myocardial and two of pericardial sarcoidosis. The diagnosis was made clinically in seven cases and at autopsy in 32. Twelve patients died from primarily cardiac causes, eight suddenly and four in cardiac failure. Abnormalities of rhythm and condition were recorded in 11 patients. The condition is exceedingly rare in the white races, the first case being reported in 1951.The case history and autopsy findings are presented of a 38‐year‐old male who died of pulmonary and cardiac sarcoidosis in May, 1956. The illness commenced with morning cough in 1953, when X‐ray examination showed opacity in both lung fields. In 1954 he began to suffer recurring attacks of dyspnœa, cyanosis and syncope due to paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Electrocardiograms showed right bundle branch block and there was progressive deterioration in the T‐wave voltage.The arrhythmia was controlled partly by procaine amide and by quinidine, but these eventually became ineffective. Cortisone therapy was continued for two years. Pulmonary lesions appeared to clear, and the arrhythmia was improved, but recurred on several occasions when the dosage was tapered off.
Transparent ultrafine Yb3+:Y2O3 laser ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Furuse Hiroaki , Nakasawa Shunsuke , Yoshida Hidehiro , Morita Koji , Suzuki Tohru S. , Kim Byung‐Nam , Sakka Yoshio , Hiraga Keijiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConventional ceramic processing techniques do not produce ultrafine‐grained materials. However, since the mechanical and optical properties are highly dependent on the grain size, advanced processing techniques are needed to obtain ceramics with a grain size smaller than the wavelength of visible light for new laser sources. As an empirical study for lasing from an ultrafine‐grained ceramics, transparent Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramics with several doping concentrations were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and their microstructures were analyzed, along with optical and spectroscopic properties. Laser oscillation was verified for 10 at.% Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramics. The laser ceramics in our study were sintered without sintering additives, and the SPS produced an ultrafine microstructure with an average grain size of 261 nm, which is about one order of magnitude smaller than that of ceramics sintered by conventional techniques. A load was applied during heating to enhance densification, and an in‐line transmittance near the theoretical value was obtained. An analysis of the crystal structure confirmed that the Yb3+:Y2O3 ceramics were in a solid solution. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report verifying the lasing properties of not only ultrafine‐grained but also Yb‐doped ceramics obtained by SPS.
Impedance spectroscopy of bismuth sodium titanate: Barium titanate ceramics with manganese doping
Authors: Schmidt V. Hugo , Archer Noah , Tu Chi‐Shun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work we use Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) to study lead‐free ceramics of perovskite structure (Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3)0.925(BaTiO3)0.075 with Mn doping of 0, 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 at.%. We compare our IS results with permittivity results, using dielectric to resistivity transformation equations which allow us to display results either as permittivity or as resistivity. We observe ionic conductivity dominating at lower temperatures, giving way to electronic conductivity at higher temperatures. The permittivity shows deviations from Curie‐Weiss behavior characteristic of relaxor ferroelectrics. The 0.2% Mn samples show the highest ionic resistivity, which will reduce heating for high voltage piezoelectric applications. They also have the highest Curie‐Weiss temperature and Burns temperature.
Risk factors leading to increased rehospitalization rates among adolescents admitted to an acute care child and adolescent psychiatric hospital
Authors: McCarthy Logan , Pullen Lisa M. , Savage Jennifer , Cayce Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProblemSuicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents in the United States, with suicidal behavior peaking in adolescence. Suicidal and self‐harming behavior is often chronic, with an estimated 15–30% of adolescents who attempt suicide having a second suicide attempt within a year. The focus of acute psychiatric hospitalization is on stabilization of these psychiatric symptoms resulting at times in premature discharge. Finding from studies based on high rehospitalization rates among adolescents admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital indicates that adolescents continue to experience crisis upon discharge from an acute psychiatric hospital, leading to the question of whether or not these adolescents are being discharged prematurely.MethodsA chart review was performed on 98 adolescent clients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital to identify risk factors that may increase rehospitalization among adolescents admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital. Clients admitted to the hospital within a 12‐month time frame were compared to clients who were not readmitted during that 12‐month period.ResultsHistory of self‐harming behavior and length of stay greater than 5 days were found to be risk factors for rehospitalization.ConclusionsAdolescent clients who are admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital with a history of self‐harming behavior and extended length of stay need to be identified and individualized treatment plans implemented for preventing repeat hospitalizations.
Weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist albiglutide as monotherapy improves glycemic parameters in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Nino Antonio , Okuda Inaha , Wilson Timothy H , Yue Lynn , Nakajima Hiromu , Tsuboi Maho , Carr Molly C , Seino Yutaka 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present phase 3, randomized, double‐blind 24‐week study with extension to 1 year assessed the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet and exercise with or without a single oral antidiabetic drug.Materials and MethodsPatients received weekly albiglutide 30 mg (n = 160), albiglutide 50 mg (n = 150) or a placebo switched to albiglutide 30 mg after 24 weeks (n = 77). Open‐label daily liraglutide 0.9 mg (n = 103) was included as a reference. Oral antidiabetic drug use was discontinued before baseline. The primary end‐point was 24‐week change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary end‐points included fasting plasma glucose, bodyweight and adverse events.ResultsAt 24 weeks, mean HbA1c changes from baseline were −1.10, −1.30, and 0.25% for albiglutide 30, 50 mg and placebo, respectively (P vs placebo <0.0001 for both albiglutide doses), −1.19% for liraglutide. Decreases in HbA1c with albiglutide were sustained through the study. Mean fasting plasma glucose decreased by ≥20 mg/dL, and the mean change in bodyweight was ≤0.5 kg through 1 year across groups. Most commonly reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis, constipation and nausea. The incidence of adverse events was higher in active treatment groups than in the placebo group. Few hypoglycemia events were reported; no patient withdrew as a result of hypoglycemia. No new safety signals were detected.ConclusionsAlbiglutide monotherapy achieved clinically significant decreases in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose with good tolerability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet and exercise with or without a single oral antidiabetic drug.
Behavioural responses of infective‐stage copepodids of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Copepoda:Caligidae) to host‐related sensory cues
Authors: Fields D M , Skiftesvik A B , Browman H I 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis [Krøyer]) is an ectoparasitic copepod that causes disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and may play a role in the decline of some wild salmonid populations. Controlling lice infestations is a major cost for the salmon industry; this has stimulated the pursuit of alternative approaches to controlling them. One such approach involves determining, and then disrupting, the sensory cues used by the parasite to find its host. In this context, we examined the behavioural responses of lice copepodids to light flicker—simulating light reflecting from the sides of the salmon host and/or the shadows cast by fish passing overhead—and water‐soluble chemicals released from the skin of the salmon. From these observations, we estimate that visual cues such as those presented here would operate at relatively long range (metres to tens of metres). A diffuse host‐related olfactory cue stimulated swimming, however, it remains unclear whether olfactory cues provide directional information. The observations presented herein could be used to disrupt the link between the parasite and host fish, using a large number of traps deployed at a distance from a salmon farm, for example, thereby reducing sea lice infestation pressure.
Susceptibility, behaviour, and retention of the parasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) differ with Atlantic salmon population origin
Authors: Bui S , Dalvin S , Dempster T , Skulstad O F , Edvardsen R B , Wargelius A , Oppedal F 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAtlantic salmon populations across the world have diverse ecological and evolutionary histories, from wild anadromous or landlocked, to domestication and genetic modification. The natural host behaviours confer protection from infestation by ectoparasitic salmon liceLepeophtheirus salmonis, yet whether genetic origin results in different behaviours and thus susceptibility to infestation is unknown. In common garden experiments, we tested antiparasite behaviours, susceptibility and retention of salmon lice in wild anadromous, wild landlocked, domesticated and genetically modified domesticated strains. Within domesticated strains, we tested two infestation histories (previously infested and naïve) and a new phenotype (albino colouring). Farmed stocks initially acquired 24%–44% higher levels of parasite density than the wild and landlocked strains. Burst swimming and displacement behaviours were higher in the domesticated groups, and jumping was more prevalent in the domesticated strains. At 34 days post‐infestation, domesticated strains and the wild anadromous strain did not differ significantly from each other; however, landlocked salmon had increased infestation levels considerably. Domesticated strains lost ~20% (±9.9%–16.5%; 95%CI) of their initial parasite load, while parasite load increased by 5.5% (±30.1%) for wild salmon and 20.1% (±28.5%) in landlocked salmon. This study provides early evidence for diverged host–parasite interactions associated with domestication in this system.
Influence of water quality on plankton in tropical ponds: A multivariate analysis approach
Authors: Ragi Mano Saraswathy , Jaya Divakaran Sarasamma , Moses Sheela A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlankton are highly sensitive to environmental changes, therefore being excellent water indicators. This study was conducted to classify water and sediment quality characteristics and different genera of phytoplankton and zooplankton in three ponds. The prominent water and sediment quality characteristics responsible for the occurrence of phytoplankton and zooplankton were also studied. The nutrient pollution factor is mainly responsible for the abundance of Cyanophyceae and for reduction in Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. The organic pollution factor is responsible for the abundance of Bacillariophyceae and Protozoa. The products of mineralization have more influence on the decreased Chlorophyceae. Thus, it is essential to control the disposal of pollutants into the study pond system.
Transcriptional responses to short‐term and long‐term host plant experience and parasite load in an oligophagous beetle
Authors: Müller Caroline , Vogel Heiko , Heckel David G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOligophagous herbivores must adjust their enzymatic machinery to the different host plant species they consume. If different hosts are used from one generation to the next, adaptation may be highly plastic, while if a single host is used over several generations, there may be a longer‐term response due to natural selection. Using an experimental evolutionary approach, we investigated effects of long‐term experience vs. short‐term responses to different host plants in the oligophagous mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. After 26 generations of continuous feeding on either Brassica rapa, Nasturtium officinale or Sinapis alba, freshly hatched larvae were kept on these plants or moved to one of the other host plants for ten days. Global transcriptional patterns as shown by microarrays revealed that between 1% and 16.1% of all 25,227 putative genes were differentially expressed in these treatments in comparison with the control line constantly feeding on B. rapa. A shift back from S. alba to B. rapa caused the largest changes in gene transcription and may thus represent the harshest conditions. Infection rates with a gregarine parasite were intermediate in all lines that were constantly kept on one host, but much lower or higher when short‐term shifts to other host plants occurred. In conclusion, transcriptional plasticity in genes related to metabolism, digestion and general cellular processes plays a key role in long‐ and short‐term responses of the beetle to changing host plant conditions, whereby the specific conditions also affect the interactions between the beetle host and its gregarine parasite.
PCR‐based detection of Aspergillus fumigatus and absence of azole resistance due to TR34/L98H in a french multicenter cohort of 137 patients with fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Morio Florent , Dannaoui Eric , Chouaki Taieb , Cateau Estelle , Malard Olivier , Bonfils Pierre , Page Cyril , Dufour Xavier , Cottrel Claire , Erwan Tamic , Lavergne Rose‐Anne , Le Pape Patrice 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has a worldwide distribution, comprises distinct clinical entities but is mostly due to Aspergillus among which Aspergillus fumigatus plays a major role in European countries. Although, there is accumulating evidence for the emergence of environmentally acquired‐azole resistance in A. fumigatus (such as TR34/L98H) in various clinical settings, there is few data for patients with FRS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of A. fumigatus azole resistance due to TR34/L98H in a multicentre cohort of patients with FRS. One hundred and thirty‐seven patients with FRS admitted between 2002 and 2016 at four French medical centres were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical and mycological findings were collected. Aspergillus fumigatus and the TR34/L98H alteration conferring azole resistance were investigated directly from clinical samples using the commercial CE‐IVD marked MycoGENIE® A. fumigatus real‐time PCR assay. Fungal ball was the more frequent clinical form (n = 118). Despite the presence of fungal hyphae at direct microscopic examination, mycological cultures remained negative for 83 out of the 137 patients (60.6%). The PCR assay proved to be useful allowing the identification of A. fumigatus and etiological diagnosis in 106 patients (77.4%) compared with 44 patients (32.1%) when using culture as the reference method. Importantly, neither TR34 nor L98H alterations were evidenced.
Isolation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from blood cultures in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Falces‐Romero Iker , Cendejas‐Bueno Emilio , Romero‐Gómez María Pilar , García‐Rodríguez Julio 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRhodotorula species have traditionally been considered as one of common non‐virulent environmental inhabitant. They have emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised hosts and most infections have been associated with intravenous catheters in these patients. We review the isolates in blood cultures of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in our Hospital. We describe the demographic and clinical features of the cases and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Selected patients had an isolation of R. mucilaginosa in blood cultures in our tertiary care Hospital. All data were collected retrospectively from clinical records during 5 years. We report 8 isolates in blood, two of them were considered contaminants. Immunosuppression, surgery, previous antibiotic therapy were common clinical features. For all the isolates, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were high for echinocandins and azoles and low for amphotericin B and 5‐flucytosine. One strain showed atypical susceptibility profile. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa may be present on the skin and blood cultures can be contaminated. Fungaemia due to R. mucilaginosa is a rare clinical entity which requires risk factors but clinically relevant because of the multiresistant profile. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa shows high MIC values for azoles and echinocandins, therefore amphotericin B and flucytosine must be administered as antifungal therapy.
Skeletal fragility in diabetes
Authors: Rubin Mishaela R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFracture risk is heightened in patients with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although bone mineral density by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry is decreased in T1D, it is paradoxically increased with T2D. To predict fracture risk, the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) can be used in diabetes patients, albeit with refinement. Skeletal abnormalities in diabetes include alterations in microarchitecture in T1D and T2D as well as compromised impact microindentation in T2D. Changes in bone microvasculature, advanced glycation end product accumulation, and bone formation may underlie these findings. When fractures occur in T1D and T2D, consequences are worse than in nondiabetic patients with regard to both morbidity and mortality. With regard to treatment, antiresorptive osteoporosis therapies appear to be effective in the setting of diabetes.
Construction of Agropyron Gaertn. genetic linkage maps using a wheat 660K SNP array reveals a homoeologous relationship with the wheat genome
Authors: Zhou Shenghui , Zhang Jinpeng , Che Yonghe , Liu Weihua , Lu Yuqing , Yang Xinming , Li Xiuquan , Jia Jizeng , Liu Xu , Li Lihui 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAgropyron Gaertn. (P genome) is a wild relative of wheat that harbours many genetic variations that could be used to increase the genetic diversity of wheat. To agronomically transfer important genes from the P genome to a wheat chromosome by induced homoeologous pairing and recombination, it is necessary to determine the chromosomal relationships between Agropyron and wheat. Here, we report using the wheat 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to genotype a segregating Agropyron F1 population derived from an interspecific cross between two cross‐pollinated diploid collections ‘Z1842’ [A. cristatum (L.) Beauv.] (male parent) and ‘Z2098’ [A. mongolicum Keng] (female parent) and 35 wheat–A. cristatum addition/substitution lines. Genetic linkage maps were constructed using 913 SNP markers distributed among seven linkage groups spanning 839.7 cM. The average distance between adjacent markers was 1.8 cM. The maps identified the homoeologous relationship between the P genome and wheat and revealed that the P and wheat genomes are collinear and relatively conserved. In addition, obvious rearrangements and introgression spread were observed throughout the P genome compared with the wheat genome. Combined with genotyping data, the complete set of wheat–A. cristatum addition/substitution lines was characterized according to their homoeologous relationships. In this study, the homoeologous relationship between the P genome and wheat was identified using genetic linkage maps, and the detection mean for wheat–A. cristatum introgressions might significantly accelerate the introgression of genetic variation from Agropyron into wheat for exploitation in wheat improvement programmes.
Political corruption
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Ferretti Maria Paola 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe corruption of public officials and institutions is generally regarded as wrong. But in what exactly does this form of corruption consist and what kind of wrong does it imply? This article aims to take stock of the current philosophical discussion of the different senses in which political corruption is generally wrong, beyond the specific negative legal, economic, and social costs it may happen to have in specific circumstances. Political corruption is usually presented as a pathology of the public order. Therefore, the senses in which political corruption has been presented as wrong have varied depending on the normative theory of the public order that is presupposed. In this article, we offer a critical presentation of two major interpretations of the wrongfulness of political corruption that draw respectively on a neo‐republican and a liberal account of the public order. Finally, we show how the analytical distinction between these approaches has important normative implications for the identification of relevant cases of political corruption.