bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Data on Immigration or Immigration Perceptions? What Accounts for the Electoral Success of the Radical Right in Europe?
Authors: Stockemer Daniel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTargeting immigrants as a threat to employment, security and cultural cohesion, the radical right has averaged 10 percent of the vote in elections. What drives this vote? Are voters affected by the numbers of foreign‐born individuals in a geographical region, by negative perceptions about immigrants, or both? In this article, I entertain the possibility that it is not the number of foreigners but citizens’ perceptions about immigrants that explain individuals’ tendencies to vote for the radical right. To test this stipulation, I combine European Social Survey (ESS) data on individual perceptions of immigrants for more than 25,000 individuals with macro‐level data on the actual percentage of foreign‐born citizens across 200 European regions. Using a bivariate and multivariate framework, I highlight that it is only the individual perceptions of immigration indicator, and not the number of foreign‐born citizens, that is positively related to higher support for radical right‐wing parties.
DELLA proteins interact with FLC to repress flowering transition
Authors: Li Mingzhe , An Fengying , Li Wenyang , Ma Mengdi , Feng Ying , Zhang Xing , Guo Hongwei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFlowering is a highly orchestrated and extremely critical process in a plant's life cycle. Previous study has demonstrated that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) integrate the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway and vernalization pathway in regulating flowering time, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In GA signaling pathway, DELLA proteins are a group of master transcriptional regulators, while in vernalization pathway FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a core transcriptional repressor that down‐regulates the expression of SOC1 and FT. Here, we report that DELLA proteins interact with FLC in vitro and in vivo, and the LHRI domains of DELLAs and the C‐terminus of MADS domain of FLC are required for these interactions. Phenotypic and gene expression analysis showed that mutation of FLC reduces while over‐expression of FLC enhances the GA response in the flowering process. Further, DELLA‐FLC interactions promote the repression ability of FLC on its target genes. In summary, these findings report that the interaction between MADS box transcription factor FLC and GRAS domain regulator DELLAs may integrate various signaling inputs in flowering time control, and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism both for FLC and DELLAs in regulating gene expression.
Prevalence of Bruxism in Hemifacial‐Spasm Patients
Authors: Ella Bruno , Guillaud Etienne , Langbour Nicolas , Guehl Dominique , Burbaud Pierre 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeA previous study reported an increased prevalence of bruxism (25%) in patients with cranio‐cervical dystonia (CCD) compared to normal controls (13%). CCD can affect the muscles of the head and neck. Besides the CCD affecting these muscles, hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a form of peripheral myoclonus due to a neurovascular conflict affecting the muscles of the face. The fact that they affect the same muscle regions could lead to other links in clinical manifestations such as bruxism, which is more common in patients with CCD than in the normal population. The aim was to study the prevalence of bruxism in patients with HFS.Materials and MethodsPatients with HFS were enrolled in the department of clinical neurophysiology (Bordeaux University Hospital) over a 6‐month period. They were paired regarding age, the absence of neurological pathology or neuroleptics intake. To be included in the study, patients needed to have had unilateral involuntary facial muscle contractions affecting one hemiface. A hetero‐questionnaire and a clinicial study were performed. The diagnostic criteria of bruxism included parafunction items such as grinding and clenching and at least one of the following clinical signs: abnormal tooth wear, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, TMJ clicking, muscle hypertonia (masseter or temporal muscles). Additional epidemiological data were collected including age, sex, disease duration, stress, and sleep disorders. Stress symptoms inventory included symptoms like depression, strong heartbeat, dry mouth, anger, inability to concentrate, weakness, fatigability, insomnia, headache, and excessive sweating. The sleep disorder diagnosis included at least two of the symptoms described in the ICSD‐3. All these criteria were recorded as either present (scored “1”) or absent (scored “0”).ResultsThe prevalence of bruxism in the two groups (normal and HFS) was not significantly different (p = 0.37). The rate was not significantly different between sleep and awake bruxism (p = 0.15) in both groups. Stress influenced the occurrence of bruxism in these two groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that clenching behaviors were higher in the HFS group, and that factors such as stress affected this group. The prevalence of bruxism was not higher in this population than in the normal control.
WHAT DRIVES THE URBAN WAGE PREMIUM? EVIDENCE ALONG THE WAGE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Matano Alessia , Naticchioni Paolo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper aims at disentangling the role played by different explanations on the urban wage premium along the wage distribution. We analyze the wage dynamics of migrants from lower to higher density areas in Italy, using quantile regressions and individual data. The results show that unskilled workers benefit more from a wage premium accruing over time, while skilled workers enjoy a wage premium when they migrate as well as a wage increase over time. Further, we find that for unskilled workers the wage growth over time is mainly due to human capital accumulation in line with the “learning” hypothesis, while for skilled workers the wage growth is mainly explained by the “coordination” hypothesis, i.e., cities enhance the probability of better matches between workers and firms.
Bacterial influence on alkenones in live microalgae
Authors: Segev Einat , Castañeda Isla S. , Sikes Elisabeth L. , Vlamakis Hera , Kolter Roberto 
Published: November 2015

The microalga Emiliania huxleyi produces alkenone lipids that are important proxies for estimating past sea surface temperatures. Field calibrations of this proxy are robust but highly variable results are obtained in culture. Here, we present results suggesting that algal‐bacterial interactions may be responsible for some of this variability. Co‐cultures of E. huxleyi and the bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens resulted in a 2.5‐fold decrease in algal alkenone‐containing lipid bodies. In addition levels of unsaturated alkenones increase in co‐cultures. These changes result in an increase in the reconstructed growth temperature of up to 2°C relative to axenic algal cultures.
Teaching writing: a multilayered participatory scaffolding practice
Authors: Dix Stephanie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article adds to the research on teachers' writing pedagogy. It reviews and challenges the research literature on scaffolding as an instructional practice and presents a more inclusive framework for analysis. As student participation and voice were absent from much of the literature, a participatory scaffolding framework was developed to observe, analyse and interpret how one teacher and her primary school aged students co‐constructed learning to write. The case study revealed that the scaffolding interactions were complex, recursive and responsive to students' learning. The teacher wove multiple layers of scaffolding, encouraging student talk and metacognitive awareness, thus creating a 'magic space’ where minds could meet allowing negotiation and handover.
Dealing with uncertainty in landscape genetic resistance models: a case of three co‐occurring marsupials
Authors: Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Worthington Wilmer Jessica , Hanson Jeffrey O. , Warren Matthew , Bell Sarah , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLandscape genetics lacks explicit methods for dealing with the uncertainty in landscape resistance estimation, which is particularly problematic when sample sizes of individuals are small. Unless uncertainty can be quantified, valuable but small data sets may be rendered unusable for conservation purposes. We offer a method to quantify uncertainty in landscape resistance estimates using multimodel inference as an improvement over single model‐based inference. We illustrate the approach empirically using co‐occurring, woodland‐preferring Australian marsupials within a common study area: two arboreal gliders (Petaurus breviceps, and Petaurus norfolcensis) and one ground‐dwelling antechinus (Antechinus flavipes). First, we use maximum‐likelihood and a bootstrap procedure to identify the best‐supported isolation‐by‐resistance model out of 56 models defined by linear and non‐linear resistance functions. We then quantify uncertainty in resistance estimates by examining parameter selection probabilities from the bootstrapped data. The selection probabilities provide estimates of uncertainty in the parameters that drive the relationships between landscape features and resistance. We then validate our method for quantifying uncertainty using simulated genetic and landscape data showing that for most parameter combinations it provides sensible estimates of uncertainty. We conclude that small data sets can be informative in landscape genetic analyses provided uncertainty can be explicitly quantified. Being explicit about uncertainty in landscape genetic models will make results more interpretable and useful for conservation decision‐making, where dealing with uncertainty is critical.
Sex‐specific fitness effects of unpredictable early life conditions are associated with DNA methylation in the avian glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Rubenstein Dustin R. , Skolnik Hannah , Berrio Alejandro , Champagne Frances A. , Phelps Steven , Solomon Joseph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOrganisms can adapt to variable environments by using environmental cues to modulate developmental gene expression. In principle, maternal influences can adaptively adjust offspring phenotype when early life and adult environments match, but they may be maladaptive when future environments are not predictable. One of the best‐studied ‘maternal effects’ is through modification of the offspring's hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the neuroendocrine system that controls responses to stress. In addition to the direct transfer of glucocorticoids from mother to offspring, offspring HPA function and other phenotypes can also be affected by epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. Here we examine how among‐year variation in rainfall is related to DNA methylation during development and fitness in adulthood in the superb starling (Lamprotornis superbus), which lives in a climatically unpredictable environment where early life and adult environments are unlikely to match. We found that DNA methylation in the putative promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is reduced in chicks – particularly in males – born following drier prebreeding periods. Additionally, DNA methylation is lower in males that become breeders than those that never breed. However, there is no relationship in females between DNA methylation and the likelihood of dispersing from the natal group to breed elsewhere. These results suggest that early life conditions may positively affect fitness in a sex‐specific manner through chemical modification of an HPA‐associated gene. This study is the first to show that epigenetic modifications during early life may influence the fitness of free‐living organisms adapted to unpredictable environments.
PROFESSIONALS AS KNOWLEDGE BROKERS: THE LIMITS OF AUTHORITY IN HEALTHCARE COLLABORATION
Authors: KISLOV ROMAN , HODGSON DAMIAN , BOADEN RUTH 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProfessionals with managerial responsibilities are often seen as natural boundary spanners, brokering knowledge between the professional and managerial domains. However, the tensions implicit in their knowledge brokering activities, especially when the latter are formalized, remain under‐researched. Using interviews and observational data, we examine the case of an inter‐organizational collaborative research partnership that deployed clinical professionals as designated knowledge brokers across multiple sites. We identify three strategies that such hybrid professionals utilized to surmount challenges associated with knowledge brokering in the fragmented healthcare context: (1) relying on additional boundary ‘bridges’; (2) conforming to existing ways of doing things; and (3) shifting from ‘facilitating’ to ‘doing’. An analysis of these strategies highlights the tensions between different dimensions of brokering reinforced by macro‐level institutional arrangements, the intertwining of formalized and emergent elements of brokering as a collectively enacted phenomenon, and the limitations of knowledge brokering professionals arising from their professional expertise and authority.
Better Understanding Through Falsehood
Authors: Rancourt Benjamin T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCan understanding be based on false beliefs? I argue that it can. I first argue that the best way to understand the question is that it is whether one can increase one's degree of understanding by adopting an overall less accurate body of beliefs. I identify three sufficient conditions for one body of beliefs to be more accurate than another. Next, I appeal to two widely used methods of comparing degrees of understanding. With these methods, I show that understanding can be gained by acquiring false beliefs. In addition, I show that this implies that understanding is not factive.
Chloroplast avoidance movement is not functional in plants grown under strong sunlight
Authors: Higa Takeshi , Wada Masamitsu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChloroplast movement in nine climbing plant species was investigated. It is thought that chloroplasts generally escape from strong light to avoid photodamage but accumulate towards weak light to perform photosynthesis effectively. Unexpectedly, however, the leaves of climbing plants grown under strong sunlight showed very low or no chloroplast photorelocation responses to either weak or strong blue light when detected by red light transmittance through leaves. Direct observations of Cayratia japonica leaves, for example, revealed that the average number of chloroplasts in upper periclinal walls of palisade tissue cells was only 1.2 after weak blue‐light irradiation and almost all of the chloroplasts remained at the anticlinal wall, the state of chloroplast avoidance response. The leaves grown under strong light have thin and columnar palisade tissue cells comparing with the leaves grown under low light. Depending on our analyses and our schematic model, the thinner cells in a unit leaf area have a wider total plasma membrane area, such that more chloroplasts can exist on the plasma membrane in the thinner cells than in the thicker cells in a unit leaf‐area basis. The same strategy might be used in other plant leaves grown under direct sunlight.
Improved cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric renal transplant recipients on steroid avoidance immunosuppression: A study of the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium
Authors: Weaver Donald J. , Selewski David , Janjua Halima , Iorember Franca 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSeveral centers have examined the implementation of immunosuppression protocols that minimize steroid exposure. This study retrospectively examined cardiovascular risk factors in 70 pediatric renal transplant recipients on steroid avoidance‐based immunosuppression over three yr compared to matched pediatric patients maintained on chronic corticosteroids. Although higher rates of acute rejection were noted in the steroid‐avoidant group (22% vs. 16%, p = 0.034), graft function was similar (67 + 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 72 + 12 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p = 0.053). The steroid‐avoidant group demonstrated improved growth (height z‐score −0.41 + 5.9 vs. −1.1 + 0.041) with a decrease in the prevalence of obesity (24% vs. 34%, p = 0.021). Indexed systolic blood pressures were lower beginning at six months post‐transplant in the steroid‐avoidant group (1.21 + 0.15 vs. 1.51 + 0.22, p = 0.020). Indexed diastolic blood pressures were lower beginning at 12 months post‐transplant (0.91 + 0.11 vs. 1.12 + 0.18, p = 0.037). Differences in total serum cholesterol values and serum glucose values were not statistically significant. Beginning at 12 months, a statistically significant decrease in left ventricular mass index (39.2 + 11.3 vs. 49.4 + 14.5, p = 0.014) was noted in patients on steroid‐avoidant immunosuppression, which corresponded to a significant decrease in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in these patients by two yr post‐transplant (35% vs. 48%, p = 0.012). Systolic blood pressure and BMI were independent predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy.
The plant secondary metabolite citral alters water status and prevents seed formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Graña E. , Díaz‐Tielas C. , López‐González D. , Martínez‐Peñalver A. , Reigosa M. J. , Sánchez‐Moreiras A. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBased on previous results, which showed that the secondary metabolite citral causes disturbances to plant water status, the present study is focused on demonstrating and detailing these effects on the water‐related parameters of Arabidopsis thaliana adult plants, and their impact on plant fitness. Clear evidence of effects on water status and fitness were observed: plants treated with 1200 and 2400 μm citral showed decreased RWC, reduced Ψs, increased Ψw and reduced stomatal opening, even 7 days after the beginning of the experiment. Plant protection signals, such as leaf rolling or increased anthocyanin content, were also detected in these plants. In contrast, 14 days after beginning the treatment, treated plants showed signs of citral‐related damage. Moreover, the reproductive success of treated plants was critically compromised, with prematurely withered flowers and no silique or seed development. This effect of citral on fitness of adult plants suggests a promising application of this natural compound in weed management by reducing the weed seed bank in the soil.
Salt tolerance of Beta macrocarpa is associated with efficient osmotic adjustment and increased apoplastic water content
Authors: Hamouda I. , Badri M. , Mejri M. , Cruz C. , Siddique K. H. M. , Hessini K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe chenopod Beta macrocarpa Guss (wild Swiss chard) is known for its salt tolerance, but the mechanisms involved are still debated. In order to elucidate the processes involved, we grew wild Swiss chard exposed to three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mm NaCl) for 45 days, and determined several physiological parameters at the end of this time. All plants survived despite reductions in growth, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in plants exposed to salinity (100 and 200 mm NaCl). As expected, the negative effects of salinity were more pronounced at 200 mm than at 100 mm NaCl: (i) leaf apoplastic water content was maintained or increased despite a significant reduction in leaf water potential, revealing the halophytic character of B. macrocarpa; (ii) osmotic adjustment occurred, which presumably enhanced the driving force for water extraction from soil, and avoided toxic build up of Na+ and Cl– in the mesophyll apoplast of leaves. Osmotic adjustment mainly occurred through accumulation of inorganic ions and to a lesser extent soluble sugars; proline was not implicated in osmotic adjustment. Overall, two important mechanisms of salt tolerance in B. macrocarpa were identified: osmotic and apoplastic water adjustment.
Framing and Misperception in Public Good Experiments
Authors: Fosgaard Toke Reinholt , Hansen Lars Gårn , Wengström Erik 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEarlier studies have found that framing has a substantial impact on the degree of cooperation observed in public good experiments. We show that the way the public good game is framed affects misperceptions about the incentives of the game. Moreover, we show that such framing‐induced differences in misperceptions are linked to the framing effect on subjects' cooperation behavior. When we do not control for the different levels of misperceptions between frames, we observe a significant framing effect on subjects' cooperation preferences. However, this framing effect becomes insignificant once we remove subjects who misperceive.
Gendered Space‐Time Constraints, Activity Participation and Household Structure: A Case Study Using A GPS‐Based Activity Survey in Suburban Beijing, China
Authors: Ta Na , Kwan Mei‐Po , Chai Yanwei , Liu Zhilin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSpace‐time constraints imposed by employment and household responsibilities may lead to greater gender differences in individuals’ participation in daily activities. However, few studies have directly examined the impact of household structure on the gender differences in space‐time constraints associated with various daily activities due to the lack of accurate space‐time data. Using a 7‐day GPS‐based activity‐travel diary dataset collected in Beijing, this paper investigates how household structure influences men's and women's space‐time constraints and reduces the related gender differences in daily activity participation. The results suggest that gender and household structure matters. Getting help from retired parents reduces the level of fixity household heads perceive and decreases gender differences in space‐time constraints. However, the degree of the impact differs among activities and retired parents’ age, and fixity level depends on the individual and household background of the person initiating the activity.
CD4 count‐based failure criteria combined with viral load monitoring may trigger worse switch decisions than viral load monitoring alone
Authors: Hoffmann Christopher J. , Maritz Jean , van Zyl Gert U. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveCD4 count decline often triggers antiretroviral regimen switches in resource‐limited settings, even when viral load testing is available. We therefore compared CD4 failure and CD4 trends in patients with viraemia with or without antiretroviral resistance.MethodsRetrospective cohort study investigating the association of HIV drug resistance with CD4 failure or CD4 trends in patients on first‐line antiretroviral regimens during viraemia. Patients with viraemia (HIV RNA >1000 copies/ml) from two HIV treatment programmes in South Africa (n = 350) were included. We investigated the association of M184V and NNRTI resistance with WHO immunological failure criteria and CD4 count trends, using chi‐square tests and linear mixed models.ResultsFewer patients with the M184V mutation reached immunologic failure criteria than those without: 51 of 151(34%) vs. 90 of 199 (45%) (P = 0.03). Similarly, 79 of 220 (36%) patients, who had major NNRTI resistance, had immunological failure, whereas 62 of 130 (48%) without (chi‐square P = 0.03) did. The CD4 count decline among patients with the M184V mutation was 2.5 cells/mm3/year, whereas in those without M184V it was 14 cells/mm3/year (P = 0.1), but the difference in CD4 count decline with and without NNRTI resistance was marginal.ConclusionOur data suggest that CD4 count monitoring may lead to inappropriate delayed therapy switches for patients with HIV drug resistance. Conversely, patients with viraemia but no drug resistance are more likely to have a CD4 count decline and thus may be more likely to be switched to a second‐line regimen.