bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the South China Sea in Regulating the North Pacific Double-Gyre System
Authors: Yang Haiyuan , Wu Lixin , Sun Shantong , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe role of the South China Sea (SCS) in regulating the North Pacific circulation is investigated using a two-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model. The double-gyre circulations in the North Pacific with and without the SCS are compared and analyzed. It is found that the SCS acts as a sink of both potential vorticity (PV) and energy in the Pacific–SCS system for the mean state. Consequently, the Kuroshio and the upstream Kuroshio Extension (KE) are weaker in the presence of the SCS. Moreover, the eddy activity is also lower in the North Pacific Ocean because the barotropic instability is suppressed for a weaker circulation. In terms of low-frequency variations at interannual to decadal time scale, the presence of the SCS is found to enhance the variability of the latitudinal position and intensity of the KE jet. This is explained by a positive feedback process that is associated with the negative correlation between the inertia of the Kuroshio and its intrusion into the SCS.
Large Tank Evaluation of a GPS Wave Buoy for Wind Stress Measurements
Authors: Suzuki Naoya , Waseda Takuji , Donelan Mark A. , Kinoshita Takeshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere exists considerable disagreement among the observed values of the drag coefficient CD. To develop a model of CD, the wind stress generally will be calculated from the eddy correlation method. A buoy is suitable to measure the wind stress in many sea surface conditions. However, the motion correction is very difficult because the anemometer measures the wind components, including the motion of the buoy. In this study, as a first approach, the motion of a prototype buoy system with a three-axis sonic anemometer and a six-axis motion sensor installed in the small-size GPS observation buoy was investigated. The wave tank is in the ocean engineering basin of the Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. The imposed conditions were wave periods from 1.1 to 2.5 s; wind speeds of 0, 2, and 5 m s−1; and the wave spectrum was either regular or irregular. The motion of the buoy was measured in 120 cases. For all the wave periods and without wind, the wind velocity measured by the sonic anemometer and the velocity of the anemometer motion calculated from the motion sensor data showed good agreement. Also, in the condition with wind speeds of 2 and 5 m s−1, the motion-corrected wind velocity, obtained by deducting the velocity of the anemometer motion from the wind velocity measured by the anemometer, yielded the true wind velocity with better-than-average (4.3%) accuracy. The friction velocity from corrected wind velocity components shows agreement with the friction velocity measured from a fixed sonic anemometer within expected intrinsic error. The buoy system is expected to be able to measure the wind stress in the field. The next stage is to do comprehensive field tests.
Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes
Authors: Nivette Amy , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: This study examines the influence of collective strain on support for violent extremism among an ethnically diverse sample of Swiss adolescents. This study explores two claims derived from general strain theory: (1) Exposure to collective strain is associated with higher support for violent extremism and (2) the effect of collective strain is conditional on perceptions of moral and legal constraints. Methods: This study uses data from two waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youth. We use ordinary least squares procedures to regress violent extremist attitudes at age 17 on strain, moral and legal constraints, and control variables measured at ages 15 to 17. Conditional effects were examined using an interaction term for collective strain and moral neutralization and legal cynicism, respectively. Results: The results show that collective strain does not have a direct effect on violent extremist attitudes once other variables are controlled. However, the degree to which individuals neutralize moral and legal constraints amplifies the impact of collective strain on violent extremist attitudes. Conclusions: This study shows that those who already espouse justifications for violence and rule breaking are more vulnerable to extremist violent pathways, particularly when exposed to collective social strife, conflict, and repression.
Research 101: An Initiative to Encourage and Facilitate Quality Resident Research in a Military Setting
Authors: Marshall Kathryn E. , Hammill Tanisha L. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveDescribe and evaluate a structured research program initiated at a tertiary Department of Defense (DOD) Medical Training Facility (MTF) to encourage and facilitate the conduct of research investigations, specifically among residents and junior or inexperienced investigators, but applicable for all DOD otolaryngology (ENT) and audiology providers.MethodsA new comprehensive program was deployed in the ENT clinic at Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) to help improve the research program. Identified gaps in research methods and regulatory training were incorporated into the existing graduate medical education program along with structured mentorship between residents and senior staff. Academic achievements (eg, research protocols, publications, presentations at national/international meetings, and funding) for the ENT clinic were examined from 1992 to 2016, and changes in academic achievements were analyzed for success.ResultsThe implementation of a structured research curriculum improved the number of protocols submitted and the quality of research being accepted for publication (ie, journal impact factor). Funding for research increased significantly to represent a third of the total research portfolio for the entire hospital.DiscussionThe benefit of employing a research specialist to oversee the resident research experience can greatly influence the quantity and quality of a resident program’s research portfolio.Implications for PracticeImproving resident research activity can potentially advance the quality of the resident program, help with evidence‐based medical approaches, and increase residents’ chances of matching for fellowship.
Virtual Mapping of the Frontal Recess: Guiding Safe and Efficient Frontal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Patel Neil S. , Dearking Amy C. , O’Brien Erin K. , Pallanch John F. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo define relationships between the frontal sinus opening, ostia of other frontal recess cells, and endoscopic landmarks and to develop a clinically useful framework to guide frontal sinus surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary care academic referral center.MethodsAdult patients with computed tomography (CT) without sinonasal pathology were included. Virtual endoscopy (using OsiriX) and corresponding CT reconstructions were used to identify all visible ostia in the frontal recess and characterize their positions in spaces between the uncinate/agger nasi (U), bulla ethmoidalis (EB), and middle turbinate (MT).ResultsTwo hundred sides in 100 patients (median age 51 years, 62% female) were analyzed. The “center” of each map was defined as the intersection of spaces between U, EB, and MT. The frontal sinus opening was in the “center” in 53% of frontal recesses, lateral to this position in 29%, and anterior in 11%. When the frontal sinus opening was at the “center,” anterior ostia drained frontal Kuhn T cells in 51% and intersinus septal cells in 23%. The skull base attachment of the apical strut of the uncinate process demarcated medial and lateral within the space between U and EB, with the opening to the frontal sinus medial in 68% and lateral in 31%. Left‐right asymmetry in frontal sinus openings was noted in 46% of patients.ConclusionCombining preoperative imaging and knowledge of these anatomic relationships may facilitate more efficient frontal outflow tract identification and instrumentation. This represents the first and largest description of ostial configurations relative to endoscopic structural landmarks.Level of Evidence:4
Locoregional Flaps for Oral Cavity Reconstruction: A Review of Modern Options
Authors: Patel Urjeet A. , Hartig Gregory K. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Lin Derrick T. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo review state‐of‐the‐art modifications and advances in soft tissue local and regional flap reconstruction of the oral cavity and to determine the role these techniques play in current practice.Data SourcesReview of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstruction.Review MethodsThe authors describe advances in locoregional reconstructive options and assimilate data from the literature that compare recent advances to the historic standards.ConclusionsModern advances in regional reconstruction of the oral cavity offer outstanding results and demonstrate potential advance over free tissue transfer. These modifications demonstrate the prominent role that regional reconstruction can play in oral cavity reconstruction.Implications for PracticeWith a more complete understanding of these options, the surgeon is better able to tailor the reconstruction to the needs of the patient to provide high‐quality cost‐effective care.
Anti-heparan sulfate antibody and functional loss of glomerular heparan sulfate proteoglycans in lupus nephritis
Authors: Kim H-J , Hong Y-H , Kim Y-J , Kim H-S , Park J-W , Do J-Y , Kim K-J , Bae S-W , Kim C-W , Lee C-K 
Published: April 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as agrins of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and circulating anti–heparan sulfate (HS) antibodies in lupus nephritis, comparing titers among the following groups: lupus nephritis (LN), non-renal lupus, non-lupus nephritis, and healthy controls. Methods The stage of nephritis was determined based on the kidney biopsy. Alcian blue staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for agrin were performed for histological evaluation of GBM HSPGs in normal glomeruli, non-lupus membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), and lupus MGN. The results were used for measurement of the serum anti-HS antibody titers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the following groups: 38 healthy controls, 38 non-lupus nephritis, 37 non-renal lupus, and 38 LN. Results Glomerulus HSPGs were stained bluish-green along the GBM with Alcian blue. However, IHC staining against agrin was almost completely negative in the lupus MGN group compared with the normal and non-lupus MGN groups, which showed brown staining of GBM. A higher level of anti-HS IgG was detected in LN compared with other groups, respectively. Higher titers were associated with the presence of SLE and nephritis. A higher degree of proteinuria normalized to glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed in association with higher anti-HS antibody titers in LN. Conclusion This study demonstrated a functional loss of GBM HSPGs and higher levels of circulating anti-HS antibodies as a characteristic feature of lupus nephritis, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and proteinuria.
The Effects of Elbow Bracing on Medial Elbow Joint Space Gapping Associated With Repetitive Throwing in High School Baseball Players
Authors: Hattori Hiroshi , Akasaka Kiyokazu , Otsudo Takahiro , Takei Keiichi , Yamamoto Mitsuru 
Published: April 2017

Background: Throwing athletes risk medial elbow injury from extreme valgus stress generated across the medial elbow during throwing. Braces have been developed to protect the elbow joint; however, no previous study has investigated the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping associated with repetitive throwing. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elbow bracing on medial elbow joint space gapping during repetitive throwing. Our hypothesis was that an elbow brace may reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-five high school baseball players participated in this study. Each subject pitched 100 times under 2 conditions: control (without elbow brace) and elbow brace. The ulnohumeral joint space was measured ultrasonically before pitching and after every block of 20 pitches. Measurement of the ulnohumeral joint space was carried out using ultrasound with the forearm hanging by the side. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to compare ulnohumeral joint space with repeated pitching and between the elbow brace and control conditions. Results: In the control condition, ulnohumeral joint space after 60 pitches was significantly greater than that before pitching ( P < .01). In contrast, in the elbow brace condition, ulnohumeral joint space was not significantly different after repeated pitching. When comparing these 2 conditions, ulnohumeral joint space in the control condition was significantly greater than that in the elbow brace condition after 60 pitches ( P < .01). Conclusion: An elbow brace has the effect of preventing medial elbow joint space gapping with repeated throwing when determined ultrasonically by measuring the ulnohumeral joint space under gravity load. Clinical Relevance: An elbow brace worn during baseball pitching practice may help reduce mechanical stress on the elbow by reducing medial elbow joint space gapping.
Reliability of velocity measurements made by monopole acoustic logging-while-drilling tools in fast formations
Authors: Wang Hua , Fehler Michael , Miller Douglas 
Published: April 2017

The accuracy of velocity measurements made using a monopole acoustic logging-while-drilling (ALWD) measurement tool is influenced by the eccentering of the tool due to complex drill string movements. We have used the velocity of collar flexural mode (at the source frequency range) as a reference and classified the fast formations into (1) fast-fast (FF) formations with compressional velocity far larger than the collar flexural velocity and (2) slow-fast (SF) formations with compressional velocity approaching that of the collar flexural velocity. We use a 3D finite-difference method to simulate the response of an eccentered monopole ALWD tool with different eccentering magnitudes (offsets) for the two types of formations to facilitate better interpretation of velocity measurements made in an actual drilling environment. We find that the collar extensional mode, existing in the centralized and eccentered tool cases, only affects the formation P-wave measurement and can be eliminated by using an isolator. The collar flexural mode, which is a shear motion in the collar and can only be excited in a centralized tool by a dipole source, is also excited when a monopole tool is eccentered, and it significantly affects the measurement of the compressional velocity in the SF formation and that of the shear velocity in the FF formation, even for small eccentering offsets. Thus, the uncorrected monopole ALWD tool provides unreliable formation velocities (either the compressional or shear velocities) in fast formations because of the significant influence of the tool offsets on the measurement. To minimize the influence of tool offset on the measurements, we compared the differences between the waveforms collected for different azimuths and tool offsets and the centralized monopole waveforms.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy may be involved in the development of neuropathic pain via a reduction in neurosteroid synthesis
Authors: Humble Stephen R. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Recent work in a model of diabetic neuropathy revealed that layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurones of the pain pathway exhibited reduced endogenous neurosteroid modulation of the GABAAR and exogenously applied neurosteroids had an exaggerated impact. It is postulated that this is related to reduced precursor synthesis, due to mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy. Benzodiazepines are also known to activate neurosteroidogenesis by binding to mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO). This study explored the differential effect of diazepam on GABAAR modulation via neurosteroidogenesis in diabetic and wild type (WT) mice. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used on slices of neural tissue. Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons of the pain pathway from mice with type-II diabetic neuropathy (ob/ob) and WT controls aged 60-80 days. Results: There was a key difference in the response of the WT and ob/ob cortical neurons to simultaneous incubation with diazepam and flumazenil. In contrast, diazepam and the 5a-reductase inhibitor finasteride, individually or in combination, produced the same response in both strains. Conclusions: The exaggerated effect of diazepam on GABAergic inhibitory tone in the ob/ob, despite the presence of the GABAAR benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil is likely observed due to physiological upregulation of key neurosteroidogenic enzymes in response to the reduced pregnenolone synthesis by the mitochondria. By increasing pregnenolone via TSPO activation, it is possible to promote enhanced neurosteroidogenesis and increase GABAergic inhibitory tone via an alternate route. In diabetic neuropathic pain, mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role. Enhancing the GABAergic neurosteroid tone could be of potential therapeutic benefit.
Understanding Voluntary Knowledge Provision and Content Contribution Through a Social-Media-Based Prediction Market: A Field Experiment
Authors: Qiu Liangfei , Kumar Subodha 
Published: April 2017

The performance of prediction markets depends crucially on the quality of user contribution. A social-media-based prediction market can utilize aspects of social effects to improve users’ contribution quality. In this study, we examine the causal effect of social audience size and online endorsement on prediction market participants’ prediction accuracy through a randomized field experiment. By conducting a comprehensive treatment effect analysis, we estimate both the average treatment effect (ATE) and the quantile treatment effect using the difference-in-differences method. Our empirical results on ATE show that an increase in audience size leads to an improvement in prediction accuracy, and that a higher level of online endorsement also leads to prediction improvements. Interestingly, we find that the quantile treatment effects are heterogeneous: users of intermediate prediction ability respond most positively to an increase in social audience size and online endorsement. These findings suggest that prediction markets can target people of intermediate abilities to obtain the most significant prediction improvement. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016.0679 .
Reorganization and Tie Decay Choices
Authors: Kleinbaum Adam M. 
Published: April 2017

Whereas most research on network evolution has focused on the role of interaction opportunities in the formation of new ties, this paper addresses tie decay choices. When the opportunity structure gets reorganized, social actors make choices about which ties to retain and which to allow to decay, informed by their past experience of the tie. I argue that, conditional on changes in opportunity, people (especially those with Machiavellian personalities) choose to retain ties to valuable contacts, they retain reciprocated ties (especially with highly empathic others), and they retain socially embedded ties (especially if they are low self-monitors). The empirical design, which exploits a randomized natural experiment, confirms these hypotheses and suggests that our understanding of tie decay choices—and, consequently, of network evolution—is enhanced by an integrated theoretical perspective that encompasses both social structure and social psychology.This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Effect of Nitrogen, shading and intercropping on alfalfa-ziziphus agroforestry system under arid land conditions
Authors: Al-Zamanan Saleh Mohammed , El-Nakhlawy Fathy Saad , Elfeil Abdullah 
Published: April 2017

<p>To assess the arid lands agroforestry potential, a field experiment was performed at the Agricultural Research Station of King Abdulaziz University, located at Hada Al-Sham during the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Alfalfa was evaluated in a <em>Ziziphus</em> agroforestry system at a distance of 1 m, 2 m and 4 m from the ziziphus tree and were supplied with three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer 0 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 400 kg/ha in the form of commercial Urea. The fertilizer were subdivided into split doses and applied as manual broadcasting after each cutting. A split-split plot design was used with three replications. Forage growth rate and biomass accumulation were measured at ten different intervals approximately at a period of 30-40 days. Forage was harvested in 10 different cuts and all this data consisting of plant height, fresh biomass accumulation and dry biomass accumulation and leaf nitrogen content were also measured. Statistical analysis described significant impact for intercropping, planting distance and nitrogen fertilizer on all studied traits. The maximum effect of urea fertilizer was documented for the highest dose of 400 kg/ha but it was statistically non-significant to 200 kg/ha. Distance of planting from the Ziziphus tree produced variable trend for all forages at different cut numbers but 2 m produced maximum plant height and biomass accumulation for most of the cut numbers. The interaction of 200 kg N/ha, intercropping and 2 m distance produced optimum forage growth and biomass accumulation as compared to the sole plantation under no fertilization. </p>
HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA E EDUCAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: “Professores contra o projeto Escola Sem Partido” - Narrativas em Debate
Authors: Almeida Juniele Rabelo , Caldas Renan Rubim 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo, na interface História Pública e Educação, tem como objetivo analisar a resistência ao programa “Escola Sem Partido” (ESP) e suas narrativas ofensivas contra os professores. Observa-se o debate público promovido pelos “Professores Contra o Escola Sem Partido” (PCESP) com a defesa da educação democrática e plural. De um lado, o ESP afirma a existência da “doutrinação ideológica” por parte dos professores e, de outro, o PCESP se opõe ao afirmar a liberdade e autonomia docentes. A discussão mostra-se urgente, nas fronteiras da História Pública, ao valorizar: As questões socialmente vivas na educação democrática em história (debates públicos que ultrapassam espaços escolares e acadêmicos); A educação histórica que compreende a relevância da “história construída com o público” – a partir dos diálogos com movimentos (ativismos contemporâneos) pela educação democrática.