bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the number of excitation elements-dependent acoustic field characteristics of a histotripter
Authors: Xiong Jiupeng , Xing Baicheng , Zhou Yufeng , Li Faqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Histotripsy is an emerging ultrasound technology for disintegrating various soft tissues noninvasively and accureately. However, it is difficult to characterize the acoustic field of a histotripter using the existing measurement methods (i.e., hydrophones) because of the damage potential of bubble cavitation on the sensing element under such high irradiation power. In this work, according to a quantitative relationship between the acoustic pressure and ultrasonic focusing gain G, nonlinearity β, attenuation coefficient α, a numerical reconstruction method is proposed to accurately and reliably estimate the acoustic field of a histotripter. The k-Wave toolbox was used to calculate the acoustic field produced from identical sectors on a common concave surface by gradually increasing the number of excitation elements (i.e., up to 256 that cover the whole surface). The excitation frequency is 0.8 MHz, and the initial pressure at the transducer surface is 0.4 MPa. The focusing gains, peak positive and negative pressure, positive to negative peak acoustic pressure ratio, and harmonic distributions in the focal region under different numbers of excited elements were analysed. It is found that when about a quarter of the transducer surface is excited (64 elements), the nonlinear effect becomes obvious, resulting in significant peak pressures and harmonics. Furthermore, the relationship between the positive and negative pressure peaks (p
+ and p
¬) and the number of excited elements fits a quadratic curve function quite well (R = 0.999). Altogether, the proposed method can be applied to estimate the acoustic pressure at an extremely high intensity that exceeds the range of current measurement apparatus. Acoustic pressures using a low number of excited elements are measured first and then extrapolated to the full surface coverage using the built-in regression models. In the near future, the field calculation scheme for the therapeutic focused transducers with higher irradiation power and larger dimensions, as well as experimental work, will be done to further validate our model.
The deterioration of microstructure and biochemical components in cancellous bone characterizing by the photoacoustic microscopy imaging
Authors: Xie Qiang , Li Boyi , Zhou Tianhua , Liu Xin , Han Shuai , Liu Chengcheng , Yang Chunshan , Li Ying , Li Dan , Ta Dean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background/Objective: Osteoporosis is mainly characterized by a deterioration of microstructure and a loss of biochemical components in bone tissues. Developing an imaging technique for measuring bone tissue microstructure and the biochemical components is of great significance for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has the advantage of high optical resolution and the potential to diagnose osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of the photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) technique for bone tissue imaging, and the deterioration of microstructure and biochemical components in cancellous bone was characterized by the PAM. Statement of Contribution/Methods: We performed the optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) for bone tissue imaging and the trabecular microstructure and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were degraded by immersion in JYBL-I solution. The PAM imaging method was developed for the measurement of the surface and subsurface of cancellous bone with a high resolution. Specifically, a 532 nm pulse laser was used to excite the PA signal from the bone. The PA signal sampling frequency was 80 MHz. A motor rotated a 15 MHz central frequency transducer to receive 1000 × 1000 × 250 points data. The envelope of the signal was obtained using the Hilbert transform for reconstruction. Then, the JYBL-I solution was used to reduce the HAP component in the bone. The PAM imaging was performed after different immersion times, (i.e., at 0, 5, and 10 mins). In the PAM measurement of the cancellous bone, the imaging area was a cylinder with an 8 mm diameter and an 8 μm/pixel resolution. Results/Discussion: The results showed that the trabecular microstructure could be imaged with a relatively high quality using the PAM technique. With the different extent of HAP degradation by immersion in JYBL-I solution, some trabecular bone disappeared corresponding with PA signals decreased significantly in amplitude. Conclusion: These results indicate that the PA technique has potential application in the characterization of bone microstructure and biochemical components with a high resolution.
Dual-mode photoacoustic and ultrasonic quantitative evaluation of cancellous bone
Authors: Zhou Tianhua , Li Boyi , Liu Xin , Ta Dean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bone diseases, especially osteoporosis, is highly prevalent, and the chronic consequences often have debilitating effects on patients. Early diagnosis and intervention are desired, but existing bone assessment methods do not allow for regular screening as required for such early detection. We were inspired to explore the potential of photoacoustic (PA) imaging for bone assessment due to its molecular imaging capabilities and its shared advantages with ultrasonics (US). In this study, an experimental system was constructed for PA/US dual-mode imaging of cancellous bone, and the resulting images were analysed based on a new quantitative framework. The results from the quantitative analysis clearly differentiated cancellous bones with varying apparent densities, demonstrating the potential of such a method for efficient bone assessment.
3D computational modeling of multispectral photoacoustic microscopy: Simulations aiding systematic optimization and data acquisition
Authors: Gao Yang , Feng Ting , Zuo Chao , Ma Haigang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), a fruitful application modality for photoacoustic imaging, is capable of directly measuring optical absorption properties in skin tissue, providing high-contrast, high-resolution medical images as well as functional and pathologic information. However, optical attenuation and unknown optical and acoustic nonuniformities limit its imaging performance in deep tissue regions. New instrumentation, image reconstruction, and artificial intelligence methods are being investigated to overcome these limitations, and a reliable PAM simulation tool is required for the effective implementation of these methods. In this paper, we propose and validate a 3D quantitative computational multispectral PAM imaging model. It provides a theoretical basis for the application of quantitative PAM in skin diagnosis and aids in the development and optimization of PAM devices, as well as the acquisition of deep learning datasets.
Photoacoustic Signal Propagation Modes in Bone Tissue: a Simulation Study
Authors: Liang Shijie , Feng Ting , Liu Chengcheng , Cheng Qian , Sun Ming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has great potential in brain imaging. However, the strong acoustic attenuation and reverberation caused by the skull bone layers present challenges for PA brain imaging. In this work, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) photoacoustic numerical simulation platform using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to study PA signal generation and propagation in the human brain. This platform can simulate not only the propagation of longitudinal waves in soft tissues but also shear and longitudinal waves in hard tissues. Using this numerical simulation platform, we extensively simulated the propagation of PA waves in skull models with varying porosities, The results demonstrate that our 3D PA simulation platform accurately captures the propagation details of PA signals in the skull, including the refraction, reflection, and mode conversion of photoacoustic waves at tissue boundaries. Furthermore, an increase in skull porosity prolongs the duration of the photoacoustic signals and leads to high attenuation of PA signals for high frequency components. We expect that this study will contribute to the understanding of the impact on acoustic propagation of photoacoustic signals in cranial bone photoacoustic imaging.
Ultrasound 3D beam-forming with distributed electrodes and frequency sub-band compounding
Authors: Nakazawah E , Syaryadhi M , Tagawa N 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Array probes are commonly used in ultrasound equipment. These are transducers arranged in an array. This system requires multiple transmitter and receiver circuits, making it an expensive system; three-dimensional ultrasound imaging requires a two-dimensional array, which is even more expensive and difficult to popularize. We propose an imaging system with a single transducer and a single transmitter/receiver circuit for low-cost implementation of ultrasound imaging. The system uses a distributed electrode, which consists of multiple electrodes on a single transducer. Each electrode is connected to a single transmit/receive circuit. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the proposed and existing array probe systems and systems by simulation.
Parallel Optimization of Message Passing Interface for 3D Sound Propagation Model BELLHOP3D
Authors: Miao Zihua , Zhou Yiqing , Luo Wenyu , Wu Shuanglin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
BELLHOP3D is a widely used three-dimensional computational model for acoustic wave propagation in the ocean based on the ray method. Although its computational efficiency is relatively high, there is still significant scope for improvement. This paper presents an optimized version of BELLHOP3D that utilizes the message passing interface (MPI) to parallelize the calculation of azimuth and pitch angles. The parallel algorithm developed in this study exhibits high efficiency and produces stable and reliable results. The current work introduces both the serial and parallel algorithms of BELLHOP3D, and subsequently validates the accuracy of the parallel program via numerical simulations and also evaluates the parallel computing performance. The computation results demonstrate that parallel calculation of both azimuth and pitch angles through the use of the message transfer interface considerably enhances the parallel efficiency of BELLHOP3D.
Design of seismoelectric experiment and logging instrument in full-scale borehole models
Authors: Ma Wanli , Sun Xiangyang , Nie Zaiping , Sun Sheng , Qu Jiasong , Li Zixuan , Yang Yifei , Zhao Haiyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, a full-scale horizontally placed sandstone semi-wellbore borehole model is built for seismoelectric signals measurement experiments. A set of seismoelectric signal-measuring instruments is designed, including excitation and receiving systems. The excitation system is composed of a signal generator, power amplifier, and acoustic-electric transducer, which can generate high-power, frequency-adjustable sound waves to excite seismic signals. The receiving system consists of an antenna array, receiving circuits, and a shield, which can receive, amplify and filter seismoelectric signals at different reception distances. The SNR of the receiving system is improved by using pre-amplification and electromagnetic shielding, it has a sensitivity of 1 μV, a dynamic range of 100dB, and a noise level of 0.75 μV. The instrument has been verified and measured seismoelectric signals in semi-wellbore borehole models.
A method for calculating radiation resistance of the simply supported rectangular radiator
Authors: Li N 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Radiation resistance in general is a key parameter to measure the radiation efficiency of a vibrating radiator. The traditional calculation method of self-radiation resistance of simply supported rectangular radiator needs to be calculated by numerical integration. In this study, a calculation method for the radiation resistance is proposed based on ANSYS. To verify the correctness of the method provided in this paper, several examples are provided. The calculation results show that the radiation resistance of the simply supported rectangular radiator tends to be stable after reaching its peak value, and this is consistent with the results obtained by the traditional calculation method.
Modeling of Scattered Wavefield in Complex Structures Based on Physics-informed Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Wang Hao , Li Jian , Liang Lin , Zeng Zhoumo , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The scattered wavefield of complex structures, bearing various information about the medium, serves as an effective basis for structural defect monitoring. The solution of the scattered wavefield has consistently drawn a considerable amount of attention. The commonly used approaches for solving scattered wavefields include analytical methods, numerical methods, and deep learning methods. However, it is well known that analytical methods are complex and computationally demanding, often accompanied by specific assumptions during the solving process. Numerical methods face a contradiction between computational complexity and accuracy. Deep learning methods are relatively dependent on data sets. In this work, we apply physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to the modeling of scattered wavefield in a 2D plate. Wave equation loss and initial condition losses are represented by automatic differentiation technique, and then weighted together to form the total loss function, which constrains the iteration of the network. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in the modeling of scattered wavefield for both single and multiple damage models, and validate the effectiveness through a 3D printed sphere wavefield scanning experiments.
Ultrasonic guided Wave Signal Denoising Method Based on one-dimensional convolution and Full connection Model Fusion Denoising autoencoder
Authors: Yang Yingfeng , Qiu Guangwen , Lin Yizhou , Wang Chao , Wu Jing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) detection is widely used in pipeline monitoring but faces challenges from weak flaw echo signals within the detection data, making weak UGW signals difficult to recognize. It is essential to denoise the UGW detection signals to identify weak echo signals. This paper proposes an improved denoising autoencoder (DAE) based on the fusion of one-dimensional convolution neural network (1DCNN) and full connection (FC). The model expands the amount of training data by adding noise in batches and uses 1DCNN to enhance the ability of extracting UGW signal features. The model was validated using Several numerical simulation signals. Numerical simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the UGW signals can be improved from -20 dB to 8 dB; it has a strong improved SNR, and the mean square error is greatly reduced while maintaining the original phase almost unchanged. The improved DAE method has significant advantages in denoising effect, and it can effectively reduce the noise of the UGW detection signal and realize the identification of small defects of the simulation pipeline.
Development of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing System Using Distributed Architecture
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Juntao , Mao Jie , Zhang Yicheng , Lian Guoxuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With more rigorous requirements for reliability and safety of structures and materials, high resolution and fast imaging have been urgent needs of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT). In order to improve the detection resolution and efficiency of complex structures and materials such as ultra-thick carbon steel and honeycomb plate, a PAUT system is proposed in this paper. The system uses a distributed architecture, which not only divides hardware resources, improves system performance, but also is scalable. PA, single- and multi-channel conventional UT, and TOFD (Time Of Flight Diffraction) modalities are combined, and PA modality is carried by the fully parallel non-multiplexed 128 PE (Pulse Echo) electronics with independently adjustable emitting and receiving parameters. In addition, the ultrasound analog front-end circuit is designed using discrete devices, providing more powerful analog performance than integrated chips. GTX (Gigabit Transceiver) and PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) are applied to high-speed data transmission, providing raw ultrasound data. Characterization and verification results indicate that the system is ideal for challenging inspections in many industries.
Research on Phased Array Ultrasonic Imaging Method Based on Time Reversal Theory
Authors: Xia Yuxiu , Zhang Yifeng , Xue Feng , Jiang Jiansheng , Gao Jiaqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the wide application of additive manufacturing components and composite materials, it is of great significance to detect defects with non-destructive testing methods in the material manufacturing process and in service. Due to the strong attenuation and inhomogeneity characteristics, it is inefficient and poor imaging results to detect its internal defects by conventional ultrasonic testing methods. To improve the detection accuracy, this paper proposes an improved imaging algorithm with time reversal-total focusing method (TR-TFM) imaging technology to improve the defects detection in strongly attenuating materials. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the defect signal is increased by 8.30 dB, and compared with total focusing method (TFM), the diameter of the detected defect with TR-TFM imaging is increased from 1.20 mm to 1.60 mm, which is more adjacent to the accurate size. Meanwhile, with the sparse matrix based on FMC data, TR-TFM could obtain the same image quality with the approximate time of TFM imaging.
Performance enhancement of SAW based hydrogen sensor employing Pd/Ni alloy thin film
Authors: Cui Baile , Jin Jing , Ren Zixuan , Hu Anyu , Liang Yong , Wang Wen , Cheng Lina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on determining the optimized design parameters of palladium/nickel (Pd/Ni) thin film coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) hydrogen (H2) sensors with high sensitivity and fast response by modulating the ratio and thickness of Pd/Ni thin film. The Pd/Ni thin films deposited on the wave propagation path of delay-line patterned SAW sensors had Ni content ranging from 0 to 30 at% and thickness ranging from 20 to 400 nm. A phase discrimination circuit was used to collect the signal of SAW H2 sensor. The experimental results indicated that the response sensitivity of the sensor decreased with the increase of Ni content, while the response time gradually accelerated. Besides, the stability of the sensor deteriorated with increasing thickness, and there existed a non-linear relationship between sensitivity and thickness, and the response time slowed down as the thickness increased. To analyze the SAW sensing mechanism, a theoretical simulation model of the Pd/Ni thin film coated SAW H2 sensor was established using perturbation theory, which was well-validated by experimental results. Considering the requirements of fast response, high sensitivity, and stability of the H2 sensor, the optimal thin film structure parameters were determined as Pd9Ni1 thin film with the thickness of 40 nm.
Online ultrasonic monitoring of FDM nozzle temperature based on metamaterial buffer rod
Authors: Li H C , Zhu Q , Wang C , Zhang H Y , Zhang Q Q 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been widely used for fabricating parts with complex geometries. However, during the printing process the nozzle temperature fluctuates which may cause nozzle blockage, inter-filament delamination, over-melting, etc. Therefore, it is of significance to develop an online and in-situ nozzle monitoring system which could overcome such drawbacks for quality assurance. In this work, a multifunctional system is designed by incorporating a traditional ultrasonic probe and a metamaterial buffer rod to online monitor the nozzle temperature and ensure a correct extrusion force and speed. A parametric simulation model is first constructed implicitly based on thermal-acoustic metamaterial structures for the buffer rod. Secondly, since the high-fidelity calculation is computationally expensive, an efficient surrogate model with kriging approach is constructed based on the dataset drawn from limited trials for rapid prediction. Thirdly, multidisciplinary optimization is performed by the NSGA-III algorithm considering the thermal insulation performance, ultrasonic attenuation and structure integrity. The rod is fabricated according to the best parameters decided. A cross-correlation algorithm is calibrated with thermocouple measurement after waveform recording at different temperatures. The online and in-situ temperature measurement can be realized during 3D printing successfully eventually. This will help to improve the printing quality with potential feedback strategies.
Laser ultrasonic characterization of grains in titanium alloy by the inversion method
Authors: Yang Zhao , Pinghua Yang , Mingzhen Wang , Yifei Cao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The polycrystalline materials have been usually described by the average grain size (AGS). This paper provides a nondestructive method for determination of the AGS in titanium alloy from an inversion of experimental ultrasonic attenuation spectrum (UAS). The detailed analyses of the inverse algorithm and sensitivity of UAS to the AGS are presented, and the sensitivity is identified as a criterion for selecting the experimental data of UAS used in inversion. An example of the inverse method and experimental measurement for UAS comparison was given for the titanium alloy specimen with the AGS of 26 μm. The relative error between the AGS determined by the inversion and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation was found to be about 1.5 %. The provided method demonstrates the feasibility of laser ultrasonic technology used for the non-destructive evaluation of AGS in polycrystalline materials.
PA-LCR: A flexible ultrasonic characterization method
Authors: Li Fengzhong , Jin Shijie , Zhang Song , Wang Hong , Luo Zhongbing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Critically refracted longitudinal (LCR) wave is demonstrated to be prominent in the characterization sensitivity of stress or surface/sub-surface defects. According to Snell’s law, however, its excitation seriously relies on the inclined angle of wedge, i.e., the first critical angle (θ
CR). From this, it shows poor adaptability to the variations of wave velocity, especially for elastic anisotropic materials, e.g., carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. An enhanced strategy based on the phased array ultrasonic, termed PA-LCR, is introduced here. It applies a wide angular distribution of energy to achieve beam steering, and then the beam is targeted at θ
CR. LCR wave is successfully excited both in isotropic steel and anisotropic laminate, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is as high as 19.0-34.6 dB. With the same delay law, the wave can be excited within a wide wave velocity range about 6000 m/s for the steel, and about 3600 m/s for the CFRP laminate, for -6 dB amplitude. The performance of the LCR technique is strengthened by the proposed PA-LCR method.
Double-side debonding detection of honeycomb sandwich structure based on air-coupled ultrasonic guided waves
Authors: Zong Zhaoyu , Liu Si , Sun Jing , Rui Xiaobo , Hu Cong , Zhang Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In structural health monitoring, fast, non-destructive, and non-contact testing has gradually become an important demand. This paper presents a double-side debonding detection method of honeycomb sandwich structure (HSS) based on the air-coupled guided wave. We analyze the dispersion characteristics and propagation law of guided waves in a honeycomb sandwich structure (HSS) using numerical simulation. Moreover, dispersion compensation was employed to reduce the stacking of signals. Finally, the debonding region was imaged. It realizes debonding detection on both upper and lower skins according to the amplitude changes of the direct wave signal and coda wave signal.