bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sodium intake with insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Kim So Hyun , Shim Young Suk 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sodium intake and insulin resistance indices.

Methods:
A total of 718 Korean children and adolescents (411 boys) aged 10–18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were included in the study. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was used as a surrogate for sodium intake. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used as indices of insulin resistance.

Results:
The mean urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was 11.34 in males and 10.17 in females. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.165, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with QUICKI (r=−0.181, p<0.001) in Pearson’s correlation analyses. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was independently and significantly positively associated with HOMA-IR (β=0.073, p=0.018) and significantly inversely associated with QUICKI (β=−0.080, p=0.007) after adjustment for possible confounders. HOMA-IR was independently and significantly positively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=0.087, p=0.018), whereas QUICKI was independently and significantly negatively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=−0.097, p=0.009) after controlling for confounders.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that sodium intake, as estimated by the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio, may be independently associated with insulin resistance in children and adolescents.
Associations of leptin, insulin and lipids with retinal microvasculature in children and adolescents
Authors: van Aart Carola J.C. , Michels Nathalie , Sioen Isabelle , De Decker Annelies , Nawrot Tim S. , De Henauw Stefaan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
We investigated whether cardiometabolic risk factors measured in serum (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], triglyceride, leptin, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance) are associated with the retinal microvasculature, a marker of cardiovascular aging, in healthy children and adolescents. Moreover, we tested whether these associations are due to direct biological effects or more indirectly due to adiposity-related side effects.

Methods:
We recruited 168 healthy Flemish children (7–16 years old, 54.8% boys). Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken during clinical examinations. Arteriolar and venular vessel calibers were calculated using a semi-automated computer program. Multivariable regression models were used and adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and alternate retinal caliber. In a second step, we adjusted for body mass index z-score (zBMI).

Results:
Only continuous serum leptin was associated with retinal parameters, i.e. wider arterioles; however, this disappeared after adjustment for zBMI. Children with high cardiometabolic risk factors (>90th percentile for serum leptin, insulin and insulin resistance) had wider arterioles compared to children with lower concentrations, even after additional adjustment for zBMI. No significant associations were found with lipids.

Conclusions:
In this healthy population of children and adolescents, the hormones insulin and leptin and insulin resistance were associated with retinal microvasculature alterations, mainly in children with high cardiometabolic factors (>90th percentile), while lipids were not. These associations were independent of zBMI.
A new compact finite difference quasilinearization method for nonlinear evolution partial differential equations
Authors: Dlamini P.G. , Khumalo M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article presents a new method of solving partial differential equations. The method is an improvement of the previously reported compact finite difference quasilinearization method (CFDQLM) which is a combination of compact finite difference schemes and quasilinearization techniques. Previous applications of compact finite difference (FD) schemes when solving parabolic partial differential equations has been solely on discretizing the spatial variables and another numerical technique used to discretize temporal variables. In this work we attempt, for the first time, to use the compact FD schemes in both space and time. This ensures that the rich benefits of the compact FD schemes are carried over to the time variable as well, which improves the overall accuracy of the method. The proposed method is tested on four nonlinear evolution equations. The method produced highly accurate results which are portrayed in tables and graphs.
Medicinal plants with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Authors: Patel Sita Sharan , Raghuwanshi Ramsaneh , Masood Misha , Acharya Ashish , Jain Surendra Kumar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by hypofunction of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter in the distinct region of brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that metabolises the ACh at synaptic cleft resulting in Alzheimer’s disease. Medicinal plants have been used to treat numerous ailments and improve human health from ancient time. A traditional system of medicine is long recognised for its effective management of neurological disorders. The present review confers the scope of some common medicinal plants with a special focus on AChE-mediated central nervous system complications especially Alzheimer’s disease. Literature suggests that medicinal plants reduce neuronal dysfunctions by reducing AChE activity in different brain regions. In some instances, activation of AChE activity by medicinal plants also showed therapeutic potential. In conclusion, medicinal plants have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to efficiently manage neurological disorders associated with AChE dysregulation.
Mechanisms of disordered neurodegenerative function: concepts and facts about the different roles of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)
Authors: Taalab Yasmeen M. , Ibrahim Nour , Maher Ahmed , Hassan Mubashir , Mohamed Wael , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Salama Mohamed , Johar Dina , Bernstein Larry 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a dissimilar group of disorders that share a hallmark feature of accumulation of abnormal intraneuronal or extraneuronal misfolded/unfolded protein and are classified as protein misfolding disorders. Cellular and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates multiple signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Consequently, translational and transcriptional alterations in target gene expression occur in response directed toward restoring the ER capacity of proteostasis and reestablishing the cellular homeostasis. Evidences from in vitro and in vivo disease models indicate that disruption of ER homeostasis causes abnormal protein aggregation that leads to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. However, the exact mechanism by which it contributes to disease progression and pathophysiological changes remains vague. Downstream signaling pathways of UPR are fully integrated, yet with diverse unexpected outcomes in different disease models. Three well-identified ER stress sensors have been implicated in UPR, namely, inositol requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6. Although it cannot be denied that each of the involved stress sensor initiates a distinct downstream signaling pathway, it becomes increasingly clear that shared pathways are crucial in determining whether or not the UPR will guide the cells toward adaptive prosurvival or proapoptotic responses. We review a body of work on the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on oxidative stress and cell death pathways with emphasis on the role of PERK.
Nonselective Wiring Accounts for Red-Green Opponency in Midget Ganglion Cells of the Primate Retina
Authors: Wool Lauren E. , Crook Joanna D. , Troy John B. , Packer Orin S. , Zaidi Qasim , Dacey Dennis M. 
Published: January 2018

In primate retina, “red-green” color coding is initiated when signals originating in long (L) and middle (M) wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors interact antagonistically. The center-surround receptive field of “midget” ganglion cells provides the neural substrate for L versus M cone-opponent interaction, but the underlying circuitry remains unsettled, centering around the longstanding question of whether specialized cone wiring is present. To address this question, we measured the strength, sign, and spatial tuning of L- and M-cone input to midget receptive fields in the peripheral retina of macaque primates of either sex. Consistent with previous work, cone opponency arose when one of the cone types showed a stronger connection to the receptive field center than to the surround. We implemented a difference-of-Gaussians spatial receptive field model, incorporating known biology of the midget circuit, to test whether physiological responses we observed in real cells could be captured entirely by anatomical nonselectivity. When this model sampled nonselectively from a realistic cone mosaic, it accurately reproduced key features of a cone-opponent receptive field structure, and predicted both the variability and strength of cone opponency across the retina. The model introduced here is consistent with abundant anatomical evidence for nonselective wiring, explains both local and global properties of the midget population, and supports a role in their multiplexing of spatial and color information. It provides a neural basis for human chromatic sensitivity across the visual field, as well as the maintenance of normal color vision despite significant variability in the relative number of L and M cones across individuals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRed-green color vision is a hallmark of the human and nonhuman primate that starts in the retina with the presence of long (L)- and middle (M)-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptor types. Understanding the underlying retinal mechanism for color opponency has focused on the broad question of whether this characteristic can emerge from nonselective wiring, or whether complex cone-type-specific wiring must be invoked. We provide experimental and modeling support for the hypothesis that nonselective connectivity is sufficient to produce the range of red-green color opponency observed in midget ganglion cells across the retina. Our nonselective model reproduces the diversity of physiological responses of midget cells while also accounting for systematic changes in color sensitivity across the visual field.
Perceptual Surprise Improves Action Stopping by Nonselectively Suppressing Motor Activity via a Neural Mechanism for Motor Inhibition
Authors: Dutra Isabella C. , Waller Darcy A. , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: January 2018

Motor inhibition is a cognitive control ability that allows humans to stop actions rapidly even after initiation. Understanding and improving motor inhibition could benefit adaptive behavior in both health and disease. We recently found that presenting surprising, task-unrelated sounds when stopping is necessary improves the likelihood of successful stopping. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of this effect. Specifically, we tested whether surprise-related stopping improvements are due to a genuine increase in motor inhibition. In Experiment 1, we measured motor inhibition in primary motor cortex of male and female humans by quantifying corticospinal excitability (CSE) via transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography during a hybrid surprise–Go/NoGo task. Consistent with prior studies of motor inhibition, successful stopping was accompanied by nonselective suppression of CSE; that is, CSE was suppressed even in task-unrelated motor effectors. Importantly, unexpected sounds significantly increased this motor-system inhibition to a degree that was directly related to behavioral improvements in stopping. In Experiment 2, we then used scalp encephalography to investigate whether unexpected sounds increase motor-inhibition-related activity in the CNS. We used an independent stop-signal localizer task to identify a well characterized frontocentral low-frequency EEG component that indexes motor inhibition. We then investigated the activity of this component in the surprise–Go/NoGo task. Consistent with Experiment 1, this signature of motor inhibition was indeed increased when NoGo signals were followed by unexpected sounds. Together, these experiments provide converging evidence suggesting that unexpected events improve motor inhibition by automatically triggering inhibitory control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to stop ongoing actions rapidly allows humans to adapt their behavior flexibly and rapidly. Action stopping is important in daily life (e.g., stopping to cross the street when a car approaches) and is severely impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, finding ways to improve action stopping could aid adaptive behaviors in health and disease. Our current study shows that presenting unexpected sounds in stopping situations facilitates successful stopping. This improvement is specifically due to a surprise-related increase in a neural mechanism for motor inhibition, which rapidly suppresses the excitability of the motor system after unexpected events. These findings suggest a tight interaction between the neural systems for surprise processing and motor inhibition and yield a promising avenue for future research.
Safety assessment of corroded jacket platform considering decommissioning event
Authors: Kim D. K. , Zalaya M. A. , Mohd M. H. , Choi H. S. , Park K. S. 
Published: January 2018

Continuous assessment of aged offshore structures is becoming extremely important to avoid any hazardous consequences throughout their design life. In Malaysian waters where most of the offshore structures are jacket platforms, it was found that many of these structures are currently operating beyond their design life. With continuous corrosion taking place, structural reliability and operation will be affected. Therefore, for the safety evaluation, this study focuses on the reassessment of an existing aged jacket platform in Malaysian waters pertaining to corrosion effect. In this study, pushover analysis was carried out to determine the ultimate strength of the corroded jacket platform by quantifying the reserve strength ratio value. Two different time-dependent corrosion wastage models were used in the present study to simulate the corrosion behaviour at the splash zone of the jacket platform. It was observed that average corrosion condition relatively simulated the calm waters of Malaysia and by applying this corrosion, the jacket platform can withstand the environmental load acting on it. The results developed in the present study will be useful for future study in predicting and modelling corrosion tolerance of jacket platforms in Malaysian waters.
Propeller shrouding influence on lift force of mini unmanned quadcopter
Authors: Penkov I. , Aleksandrov D. 
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the lift force generated by a mini unmanned aerial vehicle. Shrouded propellers were considered and analyses of shroud influence on lift force and energy saving were done. By help of laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations (propeller velocity varied from 1000 rpm to 6000 rpm, shroud height from 20 mm to 60 mm, gap from 3 mm to 28 mm), it was shown that the shroud diameter influenced the rotor energy consumption up to 30% at velocities of more than 4000 rpm. With the increase shroud diameter (increase of distance between shroud and propeller borders), the lifting force increased. A gap of more than 30 mm practically did not influence the lifting force. Shroud height (from 20 mm to 60 mm, gap is 28 mm) also influenced the propeller efficiency (up to 10%) on small shroud heights (up to 30 mm). With the increase of the shroud height, the lift force decreased about 3% and then it increased up to 12%. From a value of about 50 millimetres, this influence will be unchanged but the total lifting force will be about 5% less in comparison with the force produced by propeller without shroud
Produção de identidades nos trabalhos apresentados em colóquios luso-brasileiros de 2002 e 2004
Authors: Dias Ferreira Leonardo 
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo trata-se do estudo da internacionalização do campo do currículo com enfoque em trabalhos apresentados em colóquios luso-brasileiros de 2002 e 2004 sobre questões curriculares e produção de identidades. Para isso, faremos uma contextualização histórica do colóquio luso-brasileiro, depois refletiremos sobre a internacionalização do campo do currículo e a visão desta concepção presente nos editoriais dos colóquios Luso-Brasileiros e na última seção falaremos sobre a categoria identidade. Concluiu-se que entender a relação direta de questões sobre multiculturalidade e formação da identidade do sujeito envolvido no processo de ensino-aprendizagem escolar é essencial para que a escola seja voltada para formação e interação social, de tal modo, que os alunos possam compartilhar suas crenças e valores e aprender a respeitar, reconhecer e valorizar as diferenças do outro.Palavras Chaves: internacionalização do campo do currículo; colóquios luso-brasileiros, identidade.
Kampanye Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Produksi PNRI
Authors: Laksmi Laksmi 
Published: January 2018

<p>This study examines the message of the public services announcement (PSA) produced by PNRI. The PSA are supposed to encourage audiences to read books to improve their live. Indonesian society is known as oral tradition, meanwhile, reading habit helps people develop a critical thinking. I use qualitative approach to analyze dialogues, characters, virtual images, and information. The aim of the study is to understand how PSA is produced, communicated, and consumed by people. This research analyses meaning construction of reading and its relevance to welfare. I collect the data from seven PSA and analyze them by critical discourse analysis method.</p><p><br /> The first finding is that people understand partially the message: they understand that library and reading are important for their life. But they do not understand the relevancy between reading and improving their live. Second finding, most of society belief that they learn knowledge not necessary from the books, but they can gain it from parents, friends, religion, and television. Meanwhile, PSA reveals social reality that there are different values between society and PNRI. The contradictions of values become barriers to deliver the message of the importance of reading. The recommendation for it is to improve technique of campaign.</p>
Two-Spirits and The Decolonization Of Gender
Authors: Kristianto Bayu 
Published: January 2018

<p>Masyarakat pribumi di Amerika dan di bagian dunia yang lain menolak pendapat para teoretisi poskolonial bahwa kolonialisme telah berlalu meski efeknya masih dirasakan sampai sekarang. Bagi mereka, kolonialisme masih berjaya dan tetap mencengkeram kehidupan masyarakat pribumi yang hidup di tengah masyakat asing dominan di tanah milik mereka. Usaha-usaha menuju dekolonisasi telah dilakukan dari dulu sampai sekarang, dan bentuknya semakin beragam seiring berjalannya waktu. Makalah ini bermaksud menunjukkan bahwa usaha menuju dekolonisasi telah dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat pribumi Amerika semenjak proses kolonisasi dimulai. Analisa dipusatkan pada figur Two-Spirit, We’wha yakni figur individu pribumi yang memiliki identitas gender ganda. Bahwa masyarakat penjajah hanya mengakui adanya dua identitas gender merupakan suatu bentuk penjajahan yang senantiasa mendapat perlawanan dari masyarakat pribumi. Dengan demikian, usaha untuk menonjolkan gender alternatif merupakan suatu bentuk dekolonisasi yang signifikan karena binari gender merupakan bagian integral dari ilmu pengetahuan dan filsafat barat. Figur We’wha, tokoh Two-Spirit terkenal dari suku Zuni, membawa gender alternatif ini tepat ke tengah-tengah masyarakat elit Washington D.C. yang berpegang teguh pada oposisi gender yang ketat. Dengan menonjolkan perpaduan kualitas pria dan wanita dalam satu individu, We’wha menciptakan krisis epistemologi yang tidak bisa dipahami oleh masyarakat dominan Amerika. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa masyarakat pribumi Amerika telah terlibat dalam proses dekolonisasi dalam berbagai bentuk, baik fisik, psikologis,maupun kognitif.</p>
Portfólio Éder Oliveira
Authors: Oliveira Éder 
Published: January 2018

Nasceu em Timboteua, no Pará, em 1983. Trabalha e vive em Belém. Licenciado em Educação Artística - Artes Plásticas pela UFPA. Pintor por ofício, desde 2004 desenvolve trabalhos relacionando retratos e identidade, tendo como objeto principal o homem amazônico. Através de intervenções, site-specifics e óleos sobre tela aborda temas como marginalidade, mídia, sensacionalismo e preconceitos, entre outros. Realizou as exposições individuais: Pintura – ou a Fotografia como Violência, Palácio das Artes – MG, 2017; Malerei - oder die Fotogafie als Gewaltakt, Kunstalle Lingen – Alemanha, 2016; Você é a Seta, Periscópio Arte Contemporânea – MG, 2016; Páginas Vermelhas, Blau Projects – SP, 2015 e Alistamento, Sesc Boulevard – Belém, 2015. Dentre os projetos coletivos podemos citar: Modos de ver o Brasil: Itaú Cultural 30 anos, Oca SP, 2017; A Cor do Brasil, Museu de Arte do Rio - MAR, 2016; Zona de Perigo, MON Curitiba e MAMAM Recife, 2016; 31a Bienal de Artes de São Paulo, 2014, bem como sua itinerância para Campinas e ao Porto, Portugal, no Museu de Serralves, 2015; Pororoca: A Amazônia no MAR, Museu de Arte do Rio – MAR, 2014; Amazônia, Ciclos de Modernidade, CCBB Rio de Janeiro e Brasília, 2012; Amazônia, Lugar da Experiência, Espaço Cultural Casa das Onze Janelas, 2012 e intervenção com pintura mural na Rua da Marinha, 250; Amazônia, a Arte, Museu Vale, Vitória e Fundação Clóvis Sangado, Palácio das Artes, BH, 2010. Recebeu as seguintes premiações: Prêmio PIPA Voto Popular Exposição, 2017; Lingener Kunstpreis 2016 Lingen – Alemanha, 2016; Programa Rede Nacional Funarte Artes Visuais – 11a Edição, 2015; Prêmio SEIVA Projetos Artísticos Fundação Cultural do Pará, 2015; Bolsa Funarte de Estímulo à Produção em Artes Visuais, 2014; Prêmio SIM de Artes Visuais do Sistema Integrado de Museus, 2008; 2o Grande Prêmio Salão Arte Pará, 2007.