bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loving and angry? Happy and sad? Understanding and reporting of mixed emotions in mother–child relationships by 6‐ to 12‐year‐olds
Authors: Heubeck Bernd G. , Butcher Phillipa R. , Thorneywork Kristie , Wood Jeff 
Published: December 2015

The Evaluative Space Model of emotions allows for the coactivation of positive‐appetitive and negative‐avoidant systems, but few studies have examined mixed emotions in child development. Existing research suggests children's understanding of opposite valence emotion combinations emerges by approximately 11 years of age. However, it is not yet clear whether various opposite valence combinations are understood at different ages, nor whether children can understand them in others before they have experienced such mixed emotions themselves. Semi‐structured interviews with 97 children investigated whether they regarded six combinations of opposite valence mixed emotions as possible, could provide reasons for them, and report their own experience of each in the context of mother–child relationships. Both understanding that such combinations are possible and ability to provide reasons for them increased after age 6 and up to age 11, but were still incomplete in 12‐year‐olds. Understanding of different opposite valence combinations developed at different rates. At each age, fewer children who showed understanding of these combinations in others reported having had a similar experience themselves. The findings suggest a need to systematically examine a range of mixed emotions in order to develop a comprehensive theory of the development of mixed emotion understanding. They also suggest extending research into adolescence.
Immediate Implants Placed in Fresh Sockets Associated with Periapical Pathology: A Split‐Mouth Design and Survival Evaluation after 1‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Hita‐Iglesias Cristina , Sánchez‐Sánchez Francisco J. , Montero Javier , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Mesa Francisco , Martínez‐Lara Ildefonso , Sánchez‐Fernández Elena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare the immediate implant success rates between sites with chronic apical lesions and healthy sites in the same patients 1 year postdelayed loading.Materials and MethodsOne hundred sixty‐eight immediate implants were placed in sixty patients at upper incisor, canine, and premolar sites. A split‐mouth design was used, placing a minimum of two implants, one in a fresh socket associated with chronic periapical disease, the average lesion size was larger than 4 mm and less than 8 mm (test group), and the other(s) in a healthy fresh socket (control group). Implant survival rate at 1 year postloading delayed was compared between the groups.ResultsThe implant survival rate was 98.2% for the total sample (n = 168); out of the three implants lost, two were from the test group, and one was from the control group (in the same patient as one of the former). Among the surviving implants, five were also considered failures due to excessive bone loss (n = 3) and also because of the recurrence of the periapical lesions (n = 2). Survival rates were significantly lower in the test than control sites at 12 months postloading.ConclusionsImplant survival rates were significantly lower after the immediate implantation in postextraction sockets associated with chronic periapical disease (90.8%) than in healthy postextraction sockets (98.1%).
Effects of Farm Size on Technical Efficiency in China's Broiler Sector: A Stochastic Meta‐Frontier Approach
Authors: Xin Xiangfei , Zhang Yi , Wang Jimin , Nuetah John Alexander 
Published: December 2015

This paper employs the stochastic meta‐frontier approach to measure technical efficiency and to investigate the effects of farm size on the technical efficiency in China's broiler sector. Empirical results show a positive association between farm size and technical efficiency in China's broiler sector. The medium and large farm sizes exhibit increases of 0.058 and 0.160, respectively, in technical efficiency scores, relative to small farms, which have a mean technical efficiency score of 0.722. Results indicate that there are significant differences in technical efficiency across regions. Technical efficiency in the southern region, which is dominated by yellow‐feathered broilers, is significantly lower than that in the northern region where white‐feathered broilers are the dominant species. Also, the technical efficiency scores estimated from the meta‐frontier model vary substantially across farm sizes in the southern region. Increased farm size improves the technical efficiency for yellow‐feathered broiler production.Dans la présente étude, nous avons utilisé l'analyse métafrontière stochastique pour mesurer l'efficience technique et pour déterminer les effets de la taille de la ferme sur l'efficience technique du secteur du poulet à griller en Chine. Les résultats empiriques indiquent qu'il existe un lien positif entre la taille de la ferme et l'efficience technique. Les fermes de moyenne et grande taille affichent une augmentation du pointage d'efficience technique de 0,058 et de 0,160 respectivement, comparativement aux fermes de petite taille dont le pointage d'efficience technique moyen est de 0,722. Les résultats indiquent que l'efficience technique varie considérablement d'une région à l'autre. L'efficience technique dans la région du Sud, où l’élevage du poulet à griller blanc domine, est significativement plus faible que celle de la région du Nord, où l’élevage du poulet à griller jaune domine. De plus, les pointages d'efficience technique estimés à partir du modèle de métafrontière varient considérablement dans la région du Sud. L'augmentation de la taille de la ferme améliore l'efficience technique de la production du poulet à griller jaune.
Wildlife and wildlife management in Tanzania
Authors: Caro Tim , Davenport Tim R.B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTanzania, arguably mainland Africa's most important nation for conservation, is losing habitat and natural resources rapidly. Moving away from a charcoal energy base and developing sustainable finance mechanisms for natural forests are critical to slowing persistent deforestation. Addressing governance and capacity deficits, including law enforcement, technical skills, and funding, across parts of the wildlife sector are key to effective wildlife protection. These changes could occur in tandem with bringing new models of natural resource management into play that include capacity building, corporate payment for ecosystem services, empowering nongovernmental organizations in law enforcement, greater private‐sector involvement, and novel community conservation strategies. The future of Tanzania's wildlife looks uncertain—as epitomized by the current elephant crisis—unless the country confronts issues of governance, embraces innovation, and fosters greater collaboration with the international community.
Frequency of cutis laxa‐like clinical features and elastolysis in scleromyxedema: a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 19 patients with scleromyxedema
Authors: Gonzalez Santiago Tania M. , Lehman Julia S. , Buonaccorsi J. Noelle , Kalaaji Amer N. , Wieland Carilyn N. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundCutis laxa‐like features were observed in a subset of patients with scleromyxedema. Given this observation, clinical and histopathologic features of scleromyxedema were reviewed in correlation with elastic tissue staining.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical records and histopathologic features from patients with scleromyxedema seen at our institution from 1992 through 2013. We also evaluated available skin biopsies with an elastin stain and assessed whether dermal elastin fibers were diminished in density or were fragmented (or both).ResultsNineteen patients with scleromyxedema and 34 skin biopsies were identified. Alcian blue (mucin) stain was used to grade mucin deposition as weakly positive (24%), positive (44%) and markedly positive (32%). Eight patients (42%) had clinical findings of cutis laxa, which were often observed in conjunction with areas of papular eruption or induration. Elastic tissue fibers were normal in 9 of 34 skin specimens (26%), 18 of 34 specimens (53%) had diminished elastic fiber density and 7 of 34 (21%) had markedly decreased density. The elastic tissue was fragmented in 25 specimens (74%).ConclusionsA cutis laxa‐like clinical presentation and decreased elastic tissue density on skin biopsy were consistent findings. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists should be aware of these previously unreported clinical and histopathologic findings.
Updates from guardian™: a comprehensive registration programme
Authors: Ozelo Margareth C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTuroctocog alfa is an approved B‐domain truncated recombinant factor VIII concentrate for adults and children with haemophilia A. Clinical data for turoctocog alfa have been reported from the guardian™1, guardian™2 and guardian™3 phase III trials. guardian™1 and guardian™3 phase III trials enrolled 150 adolescents/adults (≥12 yr), and 63 children (<12 yr), respectively, with previously treated severe haemophilia A and no history of inhibitors; 188 of these patients continued into the ongoing guardian™2 extension trial. In the three trials, patients have received prophylaxis with turoctocog alfa three times weekly or every second day, with breakthrough bleeds resolved to an expected postinjection level of ≥0.50 IU/mL. No safety concerns have arisen, and no patients have developed confirmed inhibitors (primary endpoint). Indeed, no confirmed inhibitors have been detected in >200 patients treated for a cumulative total of >54 000 exposure days in the phase III trials. Pooled efficacy data show a favourable long‐term effect of turoctocog alfa on annualised bleeding rate and a success rate for haemostatic response of 86%; 90% of bleeds were resolved with 1–2 doses. This article reviews the clinical development of turoctocog alfa with reference to the guardian™ clinical programme, describing results obtained to date and ongoing trials.
Short‐ and long‐term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis: Relationships with neuropathology
Authors: Deleo Francesco , Garbelli Rita , Milesi Gloria , Gozzo Francesca , Bramerio Manuela , Villani Flavio , Cardinale Francesco , Tringali Giovanni , Spreafico Roberto , Tassi Laura 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveHippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most frequent neuropathologic finding in patients undergoing surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has recently proposed a new classification of HS based on specific patterns of cell loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between HS types, their etiologic factors, and the short‐ and long‐term postsurgical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery because of drug‐resistant TLE with HS.MethodsTwo hundred thirteen patients with a neuropathologic diagnosis of HS and a minimum follow‐up of 2 years were divided on the basis of their ILAE HS type and further classified into: (1) isolated HS, (2) HS associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD IIIa), or (3) HS associated with other lesions. Their clinical and neuropathologic data were correlated with their Engel class postsurgical outcomes.ResultsThe main findings were the following: (1) HS type 1 was associated with a longer duration of epilepsy; (2) >80% of the patients had an Engel class I short‐ and long‐term outcomes, regardless of HS type and associated pathology; (3) short‐ and long‐term postsurgical outcomes were less satisfactory in the patients who were completely seizure‐free (Engel class Ia), and patients with HS type 2 had better long‐term seizure outcomes than those with type 1; (4) the concomitant presence of FCD contributed to a worse outcome, regardless of HS type; and (5) a shorter duration of epilepsy significantly correlated with an Engel class Ia outcome.SignificanceThese data suggest that HS type and associated pathologies may predict the risk of recurrence, but other variables such as the duration of epilepsy need to be considered. A common neuropathologic classification system may help to identify preoperative predictive factors and improve the selection of patients who may benefit from epilepsy surgery.
Juvenile Collared Lizards Adjust Tail Display Frequency in Response to Variable Predatory Threat
Authors: York Joshua R. , Baird Troy A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAntipredator behavioral tactics have evolved in phylogenetically diverse animal clades and often involve prey initiating conspicuous display patterns when encountering potential predators. Using detailed behavioral observations in the field, we report the first description of conspicuous tail displays in juvenile collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris), a species that does not have tail autotomy. When approached in the field, lizards gave four stereotypical displays involving the tail, suggesting that these might function as antipredator signals. To test this hypothesis, we compared the frequency of tail displays given by juveniles during approach experiments relative to control trials involving observation from afar. We then further manipulated the intensity (low threat, high threat) with which we threatened lizards by varying our angle of approach relative to the body‐axis orientation of lizards resting on a perch sloping away from the observer. Our results show that juveniles consistently performed all four types of tail displays in response to our approaches, but subjects never displayed during non‐threat control trials. Moreover, lizards were more likely to remain emergent and give tail displays when we approached them head‐on with their bodies sloping away (low threat), but were more likely to take refuge when approached from the side and behind (high threat). The positive relationship between the frequency of display and risk level suggests that tail displays function to signal that juvenile lizards have detected potential predators, which may deter further pursuit. Together, our results provide the first account of visual displays involving the tail in collared lizards and suggest that these displays function to signal potential predators.
Silage fermentation profile, chemical composition and economic evaluation of millet and soya bean grown in monocultures and as intercrops
Authors: Jahanzad E. , Sadeghpour A. , Hashemi M. , Keshavarz Afshar R. , Hosseini M. B. , Barker A. V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn recent years, dairy farmers in semi‐arid regions have shifted from maize (Zea mays L.) as their primary source of feed to drought‐tolerant crops, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), due to lack of water for irrigation. However, millet alone may not provide feed of sufficient quality and crude protein content for dairy cows. A field experiment was conducted in 2 years to evaluate (i) whether intercropping millet with a relatively drought‐tolerant soya bean cultivar (Glycine max Merr, cv. Williams) could improve silage quality with minimum yield penalty, and (ii) if the application of molasses could further enhance the nutritive value of silage of millet–soya bean intercrops. There were three intercropping ratios (60% millet with 40% soya bean, 50% millet with 50% soya bean, 40% millet with 60% soya bean) and monocultures of millet and soya bean. Mixed forages were treated with three levels of molasses: M0 (without molasses), M1, and M2 (2·5 and 5% fresh matter respectively). Inclusion of soya bean in millet crops resulted in decreased silage yield compared with millet alone. The highest yield was obtained from the ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean. Molasses‐treated silage had higher lactic acid, lower pH, and lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Silage produced from millet–soya bean intercrops exhibited enhanced fermentation, indicated by lower pH (3·64) and higher lactic acid (16·63 g kg−1 DM) than silage from monocultures. Intercropping ratios had lower water‐soluble carbohydrate, ADF and NDF than millet monoculture. Overall, an intercropping ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean was advantageous over other ratios in terms of higher yield, nutritive value and economic value.
Is There a Global Safe Haven?
Authors: Habib Maurizio Michael , Stracca Livio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper we search for global safe‐haven assets by analysing the impact of crisis episodes and risk shocks on the behaviour of foreign investors and selected asset prices and yields. We regress de‐trended net purchases by foreign investors of debt instruments issued in safe and liquid financial markets on estimated global risk‐aversion shocks and crisis episodes identified by both quantitative and qualitative means. On the price side, we also look at changes in long‐term government bond yields and the appreciation of the effective exchange rate conditional on risk shocks. We find that US short‐term debt – in particular government debt – is the best, though still imperfect, example of a global safe‐haven asset. In the majority of cases we find that foreign investors head for the exit.
Distances in multimedia phylogeny
Authors: Oikawa Marina A. , Dias Zanoni , Rocha Anderson , Goldenstein Siome 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe distance between two objects determines how far apart they are with respect to each other. In this paper, we provide an overview of the distance concept in multimedia phylogeny, a novel research field that aims at discovering the phylogenetic relationships among digital objects that belong to the same population. With applications in digital forensics, copyright enforcement, and security, existing approaches are often based on dissimilarity computations among digital objects in a nonmetric space, but with enough information to correctly reconstruct the underlying relationships of these objects. As we discuss throughout the paper, a proper and well‐designed dissimilarity is paramount for differentiating whether two multimedia objects are related and, also, the directionality of such relationship. In phylogeny setups, there is also the additional requirement of low complexity: fast and accurate dissimilarity measures to cope with the massive amount of data we often have to handle.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐1 and ‐2 activity in keratinocytes inhibits PGE2 formation and impairs vascular endothelial growth factor release and neovascularisation in skin wounds
Authors: Goren Itamar , Lee Seo‐Youn , Maucher Damian , Nüsing Rolf , Schlich Thomas , Pfeilschifter Josef , Frank Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInhibition of cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzymatic activity by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides the molecular basis of analgesia following wounding or surgery. This study investigated the role of Cox activity in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in keratinocytes and the formation of new blood vessels in acute wounds in mice. To this end, human HaCaT keratinocytes were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF increased Cox‐1 mRNA in the presence of the constitutively expressed Cox‐1 protein in keratinocytes. EGF coinduced Cox‐2 and VEGF165 mRNA and protein expression and an accumulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in cell culture supernatants. Inhibition of Cox isozyme activity by Cox‐1 and ‐2 siRNA or ibuprofen reduced PGE2 and VEGF165 release from keratinocytes. In a mouse model of excisional wound healing, Cox‐2 and VEGF165 expression were colocalized in the granulation tissue of acute wounds. Oral treatment of mice with the Cox‐1 and ‐2 inhibitor diclofenac was associated with reduced levels of VEGF165 protein and an impaired blood vessel formation in acute wound tissue. In summary, our data suggest that a reduction of PGE2‐triggered VEGF165 protein expression in wound keratinocytes is likely to contribute to the observed impairment of wound neovascularisation upon Cox inhibition.
Aggregation and Species Discrimination in Newborn Snakes
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn a study of the grouping tendencies of newborn snakes and their ability to discriminate each other by species, experiments were performed involving 20 brown snakes (Storeria dekayi) and 20 garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) released in the same enclosure after being born on the same day. Both species were found most often under covers, and under some covers more than others. They were also more likely to be found in clumps involving conspecifics, but mixed aggregations were common and there was no evidence of repulsion. Species discrimination was demonstrated. Thamnophis aggregated more extensively than Storeria and Storeria was more spatially disoriented by disturbances to the environment.ZusammenfassungNeugeborene Braunnattern (Storeria dekayi) und Strumpfbandnattern (Thamnophis sirtalis) wurden unmittelbar nach der Geburt in ein Terrarium mit Kiesboden und 8 Pappverstecken gegeben. Die 40 Schlangen (20 von jeder Art) wurden 11 Tage lang beobachtet. Nach fünftägiger allgemeiner Beobachtung (Verteilung der Schlangen auf deckungsbietende Objekte, Gruppenbildung mit Berührung) wurden folgende Manipulationen durchgeführt: Wechsel der deckungsbietenden Objekte, Käfigdrehung, Veränderung des Bodenbelags (Kies) sowie Entfernen der Schlangen aus dem Käfig für eine bestimmte Zeit.Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt: 1. Beide Arten haben die starke Neigung, sich unter Objekten zu verstecken; 2. Individuen beider Arten gesellten sich eindeutig zu artgleichen, besonders zu Gruppen; 3. Bestimmte Orte im Käfig waren anziehend für beide Arten; 4. Thamnophis war geselliger als Storeria, und 5. Gruppierungen von Storeria wurden durch Käfigmanipulationen stärker gestört.Aggregationen und intraspezifisches Erkennen gibt es bei neugeborenen Schlangen; es ist von Art zu Art unterschiedlich und wird wahrscheinlich durch das Vomeronasalorgan vermittelt.
Antipredator Benefits of Schooling Behaviour in a Cyprinodontid Fish, the Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)
Authors: Morgan M. Joanne , Godin Jean‐Guy J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFish schools are believed to provide antipredator benefits to their members. Two potential antipredator benefits, the dilution and confusion effects, of schooling were investigated in the laboratory using banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus). Individual risk of being attacked and killed by a fish predator (white perch, Morone americana) declined with increasing killifish school size in a manner closely predicted by the dilution hypothesis. Perch were apparently not confused by schooling killifish since fish in groups of one did not suffer a disproportionately greater predation rate than fish in all larger school sizes. However, killifish straggling from the school were preferentially attacked and more successfully captured compared with school members. Schooling in the banded killifish therefore confers a considerable antipredator benefit to individual group members, at least through a dilution effect, and straying from a school has an associated increased risk of mortality to predation, which selects for schooling behaviour.