bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background factors associated with problem avoidance behavior in healthy partners of breast cancer patients
Authors: Shiozaki Mariko , Sanjo Makiko , Hirai Kei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated avoidance behaviors of healthy partners of breast cancer patients and sought to (1) describe men's perception of their own avoidance behavior and (2) identify the background factors associated with such behavior.MethodsAn Internet‐based survey was conducted, and analysis was performed on the responses of 368 male spouses of female breast cancer patients.ResultsThirty to forty percent of spouses had some type of problem avoidance behavior toward their wives. There was a high correlation (r = 0.70, P < .001) between problem avoidance behavior at the time of diagnosis and subsequent problem behavior (mean follow‐up period after diagnosis: 1.3 + 1.1 years). The characteristics of spouses with avoidant behaviors included having wives with recurrence, having wives treated with anticancer drug therapy or total resection, and having their own experience of cancer. Covariance structure analysis revealed 2 factors related to the background of spouses with problem avoidance behavior: (1) having a sense of difficulty in coping (beta = 0.68, P < .001) and (2) having a poor marital relationship (beta = ‐0.27, P < .001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that problem avoidance behavior among healthy male partners of breast cancer patients is common and correlates with difficulty coping and a poor marital relationship. It is important to address both the problem avoidance behavior itself and to support couples early, before this behavior surfaces.
Structural equation modeling of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychosocial factors in women with breast cancer
Authors: Tomita Makiko , Takahashi Miyako , Tagaya Nobumi , Kakuta Miyako , Kai Ichiro , Muto Takashi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change occurring after struggling with a highly challenging experience. The purposes of this study were to investigate how women's demographic and clinical characteristics as well as psychosocial factors are associated with PTG and to reveal the influence of PTG on depressive symptoms.MethodsParticipants were 157 women with breast cancer (BC) who attended a breast oncology clinic at a university hospital in Japan. The questionnaire included demographic and clinical characteristics, social support, coping strategies, depressive symptoms, and PTG. Structural equation modeling was conducted.ResultsCoping was directly related to PTG, and social support and having a religion were partially related to PTG. There was a moderate association between social support and coping. PTG mediated the effect of coping on depressive symptoms. PTG as well as a high level of perceived social support and using positive coping decreased depressive symptoms, whereas using self‐restraining coping increased depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study indicated the role of coping strategies and social support in enhancing PTG in Japanese women with BC. Furthermore, perceived social support, a positive approach coping style, and PTG may reduce depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that health care professionals should consider whether patients receive enough support from others, and whether the patients are using the appropriate coping style to adapt to stressors associated with the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
Barriers and facilitators to asthma self‐management in adolescents: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Holley Simone , Morris Ruth , Knibb Rebecca , Latter Sue , Liossi Christina , Mitchell Frances , Roberts Graham 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundMany adolescents have poor asthma control and impaired quality of life despite the availability of modern pharmacotherapy. Research suggests that poor adherence to treatment and limited engagement in self‐management could be contributing factors.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the barriers and facilitators to self‐management of asthma reported by adolescents using a narrative synthesis approach to integrate the findings.DesignMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for all types of study design. Full papers were retrieved for study abstracts that included data from participants aged 12–18 years referring to barriers or facilitators of asthma self‐management behaviors.ResultsSixteen studies (5 quantitative and 11 qualitative) underwent data extraction, quality appraisal, and thematic analysis. Six key themes were generated that encompassed barriers and/or facilitators to self‐management of asthma in adolescents: Knowledge, Lifestyle, Beliefs and Attitudes, Relationships, Intrapersonal Characteristics, and Communication.ConclusionsThere is a pressing need to prepare adolescents for self‐management, using age‐appropriate strategies that draw on the evidence we have synthesized. Current clinical practice should focus on ensuring adolescents have the correct knowledge, beliefs, and positive attitude to self‐manage their illness. This needs to be delivered in a supportive environment that facilitates two‐way communication, fosters adolescents’ self‐efficacy to manage their disease, and considers the wider social influences that impinge on self‐management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:430–442. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a child with tracheomalacia
Authors: Dewulf Jonas , Van Daele Sabine , De Baets Frans 
Published: October 2016

SummarySpontaneous pneumomediastinum in children is a very rare, benign entity. Recurrent episodes are exceptional. Identifying an underlying trigger is crucial, and very often, spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurs in association with an asthma exacerbation. We report the case of a patient in which we hypothesize that an underlying tracheomalacia can be held responsible for the recurrent pneumomediastinum, which is to this date the first case with this assumption. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:E29–E31. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of Deactivation of Pd(OH)2/C Catalyst in Reductive Debenzylation of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane
Authors: Fotouhi‐Far Farshad , Bashiri Hadis , Hamadanian Masood 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe conversion of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) to 2,6,8,12‐tetraacetyl‐4,10‐dibenzyl‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADB) is the major challenge in the production of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) which only proceeds over supported palladium catalyst in a reductive debenzylation reaction. The catalyst is quickly deactivated during the debenzylation reaction. In this study, the change in Pd content in the catalyst during the reaction was measured. It was demonstrated that a portion of the palladium particles in the catalyst was leached during the reaction. The H2 chemisorption isotherm on the catalyst at 303 K showed that the volume of chemisorbed H2 on spent catalyst was significantly less than that on fresh catalyst. The N2 physisorption isotherm on the catalyst at 77 K revealed that the surface area of spent catalyst was less than that of fresh catalyst. Moreover, the FESEM‐EDS and TEM images and also wide‐angle XRD patterns demonstrated that the mean sizes of palladium crystallites and particles in spent catalyst were larger than those in the fresh catalyst. These results demonstrated that the leaching of palladium particles and the aggregation of palladium particles in catalyst play active roles in the deactivation of catalyst in the debenzylation of HBIW.
Comparison of force fields for Alzheimer's A: A case study for intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Carballo‐Pacheco Martín , Strodel Birgit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins are essential for biological processes such as cell signalling, but are also associated to devastating diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or type II diabetes. Because of their lack of a stable three‐dimensional structure, molecular dynamics simulations are often used to obtain atomistic details that cannot be observed experimentally. The applicability of molecular dynamics simulations depends on the accuracy of the force field chosen to represent the underlying free energy surface of the system. Here, we use replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations to test five modern force fields, OPLS, AMBER99SB, AMBER99SB*ILDN, AMBER99SBILDN‐NMR and CHARMM22*, in their ability to model Aβ42, an intrinsically disordered peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease, and compare our results to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental data. We observe that all force fields except AMBER99SBILDN‐NMR successfully reproduce local NMR observables, with CHARMM22* being slightly better than the other force fields.
Violation of detailed balance for charge‐transfer statistics in Coulomb‐blockade systems
Authors: Stegmann Philipp , König Jürgen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe discuss the possibility to generate in Coulomb‐blockade systems steady states that violate detailed balance. This includes both voltage biased and non‐biased scenarios. The violation of detailed balance yields that the charge‐transfer statistics for electrons tunneling into an island experiencing strong Coulomb interaction is different from the statistics for tunneling out. This can be experimentally tested by time‐resolved measurement of the island's charge state. We demonstrate this claim for two model systems.
An Objective Method to Prioritize Socio‐Environmental Water Management Tradeoffs Using Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Martin D. M. , Powell S. J. , Webb J. A. , Nichols S. J. , Poff N. L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRivers provide many social and environmental services that benefit humanity. A critical role of water mangers is to prioritize water allocation options that trade off socio‐economic and hydro‐ecological benefits in rivers. Methods for multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) provide a structured and systematic manner for researchers to aid in this process. In this paper, we describe a new MCDA method that prioritizes large multi‐dimensional sets of tradeoffs to support well‐informed water management in rivers. The method was developed based on an environmental flows planning study in the Goulburn‐Broken River catchment, Victoria, Australia. A combined simulation and heuristic optimization procedure was previously integrated into a hydrological catchment network model. That process resulted in a large set of viable daily water allocation schedules that traded off long‐term irrigation and hydro‐ecological benefits at the catchment outlet. We provided new guidance procedures to identify priority tradeoffs that can be used in stakeholder deliberations and catchment decision‐making. Our MCDA method included combined multi‐dimensional ordination and cluster analysis to spread the water allocation alternatives onto a two‐dimensional plane to discover alternatives with similar criteria tradeoffs. A geometric distance‐based method was performed on the full set of alternatives and on the identified clusters to rank the alternatives in accordance with minimizing the distance of the alternatives to an ideal but non‐feasible reference point in multi‐dimensional space. This method complements the use of elicitation procedures when water manager or other stakeholder interaction is not an option or when objectivity is desired. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photosensitizing Electron Transfer Processes of Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanohorns
Authors: Ito Osamu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this account, studies on the photosensitizing electron transfer of nanocarbons, such as fullerenes, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and carbon nanohorns (CNH), performed in our laboratory for about 15 years in the early 21st century have been briefly reviewed. These novel nanocarbons act as excellent electron acceptors, when they are linked to light‐absorbing electron donors, such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines. For such molecule–nanocarbon hybrids, the direct confirmation of fast, transient, electron‐transfer phenomena must be performed with time‐resolved spectroscopic methods, such as transient absorption spectral measurements, in addition to fluorescence time‐profile measurements in the wide‐wavelength regions. Careful use of these methods affords useful information to understand photoinduced electron‐transfer mechanisms. In addition, kinetic data obtained by these methods can assist in the construction of light‐active devices, such as photovoltaic cells and solar H2‐generation systems.
Blastocyst vs cleavage‐stage embryo transfer: systematic review and meta‐analysis of reproductive outcomes
Authors: Martins W. P. , Nastri C. O. , Rienzi L. , van der Poel S. Z. , Gracia C. , Racowsky C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesBlastocyst transfer in assisted reproduction techniques could be advantageous because the timing of exposure of the embryo to the uterine environment is more analogous to a natural cycle and permits embryo self‐selection after activation of the embryonic genome on day 3. Conversely, the in-vitro environment is likely to be inferior to that in vivo, and in-vitro culture beyond embryonic genomic activation could potentially harm the embryo. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarize the available evidence comparing the effectiveness of blastocyst vs cleavage‐stage embryo transfer.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the transfer of blastocysts (days 5–6) with the transfer of cleavage‐stage embryos (days 2–3) in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The last electronic searches were run on 1 August 2016. Abstracts and studies with a mean difference between the two study groups of > 0.5 for the number of embryos transferred were excluded.ResultsWe screened 1187 records and assessed 33 potentially eligible studies. Twelve studies were included, comprising a total of 1200 women undergoing blastocyst transfer and 1218 undergoing cleavage‐stage embryo transfer. We observed low‐quality evidence of no significant difference of blastocyst transfer on live birth/ongoing pregnancy (relative risk (RR), 1.11 (95% CI, 0.92–1.35), 10 RCTs, 1940 women, I2 = 54%), clinical pregnancy (RR, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.93–1.31), 12 RCTs, 2418 women, I2 = 64%), cumulative pregnancy (RR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.67–1.16), four RCTs, 524 women, I2 = 63%) and miscarriage (RR, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.74–1.56), 10 RCTs, 763 pregnancies, I2 = 0%). There was moderate‐quality evidence of a decrease in the number of women with surplus embryos after the blastocyst‐stage embryo transfer (RR, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.91)). Overall, the quality of the evidence was limited by the quality of the included studies and by unexplained inconsistency across studies.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows no superiority of blastocyst compared with cleavage‐stage embryo transfer in clinical practice. As the quality of the evidence for the primary outcomes is low, additional well‐designed RCTs are still needed before robust conclusions can be drawn. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Rotor‐tower interactions of DTU 10MW reference wind turbine with a non‐linear harmonic method
Authors: Horcas Sergio González , Debrabandere François , Tartinville Benoît , Hirsch Charles , Coussement Grégory 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a computational study of the DTU 10MW reference wind turbine unsteady aerodynamics is presented. The whole wind turbine assembly was considered, including the complete rotor and the tower. The FINE/Turbo flow solver developed by NUMECA International was employed for the simulations. In particular, the Non‐Linear Harmonic (NLH) method was applied in order to accurately model flow unsteadiness at reduced computational cost. Important vortex shedding structures were identified at low blade span range and all along the tower height. A strong interaction between rotor and tower flows was also observed. Lastly, the performance of the NLH approach was compared against a standard Unsteady Reynolds‐Averaged Navier Stokes simulation. The same complex unsteady flow phenomena were captured by both technologies. Nevertheless, the NLH approach was found to be 10 times faster than the Unsteady Reynolds‐Averaged Navier Stokes method for this particular application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Nomogram to Distinguish Between Atypical Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Normal Patients
Authors: Lavryk Olga A. , Siperstein Allan E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (1°HP) has become more complex, as fewer patients present with classic phenotype of concomitant elevation of calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, the distinction between normal versus abnormal patients is challenging, with an increasing number of patients with 1°HP, who have calcium and/or PTH values within the “reference” range. Patients with “inappropriately” elevated PTH values relative to their serum calcium are considered to have 1°HP.MethodsThe study population consisted of 1753 patients with pathologically proven 1°HP and 74 healthy control patients. Nomograms were created by plotting PTH versus calcium of the two groups. The 95 % confidence zone of calcium and PTH for normal individuals was plotted and compared to patients with 1°HP.ResultsThe comparison of control and disease groups showed a clear demarcation zone on the plots of calcium versus PTH. In the group of 1°HP, 70 % had classic 1°HP presentation with the concomitant elevation of both calcium (≥10.5 mg/dL) and PTH (≥65 pg/dL). 21 % had “normocalcemic” HP with calcium ≤10.5 mg/dL and PTH ≥65 pg/dL. 6 % had “normohormonal” HP with calcium ≥10.5 mg/dL and PTH ≤65 pg/dL. 3 % had both calcium and PTH within the reference range. 68.5 % of patients had single adenoma, 16 % double adenoma, and 15.5 % hyperplasia.ConclusionThis nomogram serves as a diagnostic tool to distinguish normal patients from those with 1°HP, particularly those with atypical presentations. This recognition would permit previously observed patients to benefit from curative surgery.
Remote Access Robotic Facelift Thyroidectomy: A Multi‐institutional Experience
Authors: Duke William S. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Kandil Emad , Richmon Jeremy D. , Singer Michael C. , Terris David J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundRobotic facelift thyroidectomy (RFT) was developed as a new surgical approach to the thyroid gland using a remote incision site. Early favorable results led to this confirmatory multi‐institutional experience.MethodsProspectively collected data on consecutive patients undergoing RFT in five North American academic endocrine surgical practices were compiled. Surgical indications, operative times, final pathology, nodule size, complications, and postoperative management (drain use and length of hospital stay) were evaluated.ResultsA total of 102 RFT procedures were undertaken in 90 patients. All but one of the patients (98.9 %) were female, and the mean age was 41.9 ± 13.1 years (range 12–69 years). The indication for surgery was nodular disease in 91.2 % of cases; 8.8 % were completion procedures performed for a diagnosis of cancer. The mean size of the largest nodule was 1.9 cm (range 0–5.6 cm). The mean total operative time for a thyroid lobectomy was 162 min (range 82–265 min). No permanent complications occurred. There were 4 cases (3.9 %) of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve weakness, no cases of hypocalcemia, and 3 (2.9 %) hematomas. There were no conversions to an anterior cervical approach. The majority of patients were managed on an outpatient basis (61.8 %) and without a drain (65.7 %).ConclusionsRFT is technically feasible and safe in selected patients. RFT can continue to be offered to carefully selected patients as a way to avoid a visible cervical scar. Future prospective studies to compare this novel approach to other remote access approaches are warranted.
The Impact of Healthcare Privatization on Access to Surgical Care: Cholecystectomy as a Model
Authors: Al‐Jazaeri Ayman , Ghomraoui Firas , Al‐Muhanna Wejdan , Saleem Ahmed , Jokhadar Hazem , Aljurf Tareq 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrivatization is widely perceived as a tool to improve healthcare access; however, its impact on the access of surgical care has not been quantified. We used cholecystectomy as a model to assess the variation in access between coexisting public (PB) and private providers (PVs).MethodsWe performed cross‐sectional analysis of patients who underwent cholecystectomy at two major PB and PV groups serving Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Representative sample sizes were estimated based on 95 % confidence level and ±5 confidence interval (CI). Exclusion criteria were major comorbidities, emergency cholecystectomies, age ≥60 and concurrent non‐minor procedures. Data collected were patients’ demographics, payer status, and durations of symptoms, diagnosis and hospitalization.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2104, samples of 330 and 297 were randomly selected from the total of 2164 and 1315 cases performed at PV and PB, respectively. Seventy‐eight PV and 73 PB cases were excluded. The distribution of publically funded/insured/self‐paid was (3/179/70 PV) and (209/0/4 PB), respectively. Median durations between symptoms and surgery for PV and PB cases were 90 and 365 days (P < 0.001), respectively, while the wait times after ultrasound‐based diagnosis were 125 and 11 days (P < 0.001), respectively. Median hospitalization time was significantly shorter in PV compared to PB (1 vs. 2 days, P = 0.001), and same‐day admissions were more frequent in PV 94 % than PB 41 % (RR 2.3, CI 1.9–2.7).ConclusionsWhen coexist in a competitive environment, PV offers a remarkably better access to cholecystectomies compared to PB. Facilitating access to PV can be an effective strategy to improve patient’s access to surgical care.
Suicide in Ireland in the 19th century
Authors: Walsh D. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionThis paper is an attempt to determine the extent and characteristics of suicide in 19th-century Ireland and the proportion of these that occurred in asylums.MethodsThe procedures used in this presentation involve analysis of data from the 1841 and 1851 Censuses of Ireland and the Reports of the Registrar-General of Ireland from 1864 to 1899 and the Annual Reports of the Inspectors of Lunacy, 1850 to 1899.ResultsReported suicides had relatively low rates in the 19th century, ranging from 0.9 to 3.3 per 100 000 per year. The proportion of these suicides that occurred in asylums was low at ~4%.ConclusionsThe reporting of suicide as a cause of death was relatively rare in the first-half of the 19th century in Ireland, but increased in frequency progressively throughout the second-half of that century. The reported numbers are likely to have minimised the real rates because of under-reporting.