bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quenching for a degenerate parabolic problem due to a concentrated nonlinear source
Authors: Chan C. Y. , Jiang X. O. 
Published: December 2016

Let

q
q

,

a
a

,

T
T

, and

b
b

be any real numbers such that

q
≥
0

q \ge 0

,

a
>
0

a > 0

,

T
>
0

T > 0

, and

0
>
b
>
1

0 > b > 1

. This article studies the following degenerate semilinear parabolic first initial-boundary value problem with a concentrated nonlinear source situated at

b
b

:
\[

x
q

u
t

−

u

x
x

=

a
2

δ

(
x
−
b
)

f

(
u

(
x
,
t
)

)

i
n

(
0
,
1
)

×

(
0
,
T
]

,

{x^q}{u_t} - {u_{xx}} = {a^2}\delta \left ( x - b \right )f\left ( u\left ( x, t \right ) \right ) in \left ( 0, 1 \right ) \times \left ( 0, T \right ],

\]

\[

u

(
x
,
0
)

=
0
o
n

[
0
,
1
]

,
u

(
0
,
t
)

=
u

(
1
,
t
)

=
0
f
o
r

0
>
t
≤
T
,

u\left ( x, 0 \right ) = 0 on \left [ 0, 1 \right ], u\left ( 0, t \right ) = u\left ( 1, t \right ) = 0 for \; 0 > t \le T,

\]
where

δ

(
x
)

\delta \left ( x \right )

is the Dirac delta function,

f
f

is a given function such that

lim

u
→

c
−

f

(
u
)

=
∞

{\lim _{u \to {c^ - }}}f\left ( u \right ) = \infty

for some positive constant

c
c

, and

f

(
u
)

f\left ( u \right )

and

f
′

(
u
)

f’\left ( u \right )

are positive for

0
≤
u
>
c

0 \le u > c

. It is shown that the problem has a unique continuous solution

u
u

before

m
a
x

{

u

(
x
,
t
)

:
0
≤
x
≤
1

}

max\left \{ {u\left ( x, t \right ) : 0 \le x \le 1} \right \}

reaches

c
−

{c^ - }

,

u
u

is a strictly increasing function of

t
t

for

0
>
x
>
1

0 > x > 1

, and if

m
a
x

{

u

(
x
,
t
)

:
0
≤
x
≤
1

}

max\left \{ {u\left ( x, t \right ):0 \le x \le 1} \right \}

reaches

c
−

{c^ - }

, then

u
u

attains the value

c
c

only at the point

b
b

. The problem is shown to have a unique

a
∗

{a^*}

such that a unique global solution

u
u

exists for

a
≤

a
∗

a \le {a^*}

, and

m
a
x

{

u

(
x
,
t
)

:
0
≤
x
≤
1

}

max\left \{ {u\left ( x, t \right ):0 \le x \le 1} \right \}

reaches

c
−

{c^ - }

in a finite time for

a
>

a
∗

a > {a^*}

; this

a
∗

{a^*}

is the same as that for

q
=
0

q = 0

. A formula for computing

a
∗

{a^*}

is given, and no quenching in infinite time is deduced.
Oscillation and nonoscillation of even-order nonlinear delay-differential equations
Authors: Singh Bhagat 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to compare the equations
\[

y

(

2
n

)

(
x
)

+
p

(
x
)

g

(

y

(
x
)

,

y
τ

(
x
)

)

=
0

{y^{\left ( {2n} \right )}}\left ( x \right ) + p\left ( x \right )g\left ( {y\left ( x \right ),{y_\tau }\left ( x \right )} \right ) = 0

\]
(1)
\[

y

(

2
n

)

(
x
)

+
p

(
x
)

g

(

y

(
x
)

,

y
τ

(
x
)

)

=
f

(
x
)

{y^{\left ( {2n} \right )}}\left ( x \right ) + p\left ( x \right )g\left ( {y\left ( x \right ),{y_\tau }\left ( x \right )} \right ) = f\left ( x \right )

\]
(2) for their oscillatory and nonoscillatory nature. In Eqs. (1) and (2)

y

(
i
)

(
x
)
≡

(

d
i

/

d

x
i

)

y
(
x
)
,
i
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
2
n

{y^{(i)}}(x) \equiv \\ \left ( {{d^i}/d{x^i}} \right )y(x),i = 1,2,...,2n

;

t
2

>

t
1

{t_2} > {t_1}

;

y
τ

(
x
)
≡
y

(

x
−
τ

(
x
)

)

{y_\tau }(x) \equiv y\left ( {x - \tau \left ( x \right )} \right )

;

d
y

/

d
x

dy/dx

and

d
2

y

/

d

x
2

{d^2}y/d{x^2}

will also be denoted by

y
′

y’

and

y
y

respectively. Throughout this paper it will be assumed that

p

(
x
)

p\left ( x \right )

,

f

(
x
)

f\left ( x \right )

,

τ

(
x
)

\tau \left ( x \right )

are continuous real-valued functions on the real line

(

−
∞
,
∞

)

\left ( { - \infty ,\infty } \right )

;

f

(
x
)

f\left ( x \right )

,

p

(
x
)

p\left ( x \right )

and

τ

(
x
)

\tau \left ( x \right )

, in addition, are nonnegative,

τ

(
x
)

\tau \left ( x \right )

is bounded and

f

(
x
)

f\left ( x \right )

,

p

(
x
)

p\left ( x \right )

eventually become positive to the right of the origin. In regard to the function

g
g

we assume the following: (i)

g
:

R
2

→
R

g:{R^2} \to R

is continuous,

R
R

being the real line, (ii)

g

(

λ
x
,
λ
y

)

=

λ

2
q
+
1

g

(

x
,
y

)

g\left ( {\lambda x,\lambda y} \right ) = {\lambda ^{2q + 1}}g\left ( {x,y} \right )

for all real

λ
≠
0

\lambda \ne 0

and some integer

q
≥
1

q \ge 1

, (iii)

sgn
⁡
g

(

x
,
y

)

=
sgn
⁡
x

\operatorname {sgn} g\left ( {x,y} \right ) = \operatorname {sgn} x

, (iv)

g

(

x
,
y

)

→
∞

g\left ( {x,y} \right ) \to \infty

as

x
,
y
→
∞

x,y \to \infty

;

g
g

is increasing in both arguments monotonically. Eq. (1) is called oscillatory if every nontrivial solution

y

(
t
)

∈

[

t
0

,
∞

)

y\left ( t \right ) \in \left [ {{t_0},\infty } \right )

has arbitrarily large zeros; i.e., for every such solution

y

(
t
)

y\left ( t \right )

, if

y

(

t
1

)

=
0

y\left ( {{t_1}} \right ) = 0

then there exists

t
2

>

t
1

{t_2} > {t_1}

such that

y

(

t
2

)

=
0

y\left ( {{t_2}} \right ) = 0

. Eq. (1) is called nonoscillatory if it has a solution with a last zero or no zero in

[

t
0

,
∞

)

,

t
0

≥
a
>
0

\left [ {{t_0},\infty } \right ), {t_0} \ge a > 0

. A similar definition holds for eq. (2). All solutions of (1) and (2) considered henceforth are continuous and nontrivial, existing on some halfline

[

t
0

,
∞

)

\left [ {{t_0},\infty } \right )

.
BclI Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism in Relation to Arterial Stiffening and Cardiac Structure and Function: The Hoorn and CODAM Studies
Authors: van Moorsel Dirk , Henry Ronald M. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. , ‘t Hart Leen M. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , van der Kallen Carla J. , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Stehouwer Coen D. , Havekes Bas 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chronic glucocorticoid excess is associated with arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction. The BclI glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphism increases GR sensitivity and is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) and some proxies for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether BclI influences arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the BclI polymorphism with arterial stiffening and cardiac structure and function.

METHODS
We conducted an observational cohort study, combining 2 cohort studies designed to investigate genetic and metabolic determinants of CVD. We genotyped 1,124 individuals (age: 64.7 ± 8.5 years) from the Hoorn study and Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study for BclI. Several arterial stiffening indices of the carotid (Hoorn and CODAM study), brachial and femoral artery and the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Hoorn study only) were determined. In addition, in the Hoorn study, we determined several variables of cardiac structure and function.

RESULTS
We identified 155 homozygous carriers (GG), 498 heterozygous carriers (CG), and 471 noncarriers (CC) of the BclI polymorphism. BclI genotypes did not display significant differences in variables of arterial stiffening (e.g., carotid distensibility coefficient (DC): 12.41 ± 5.37 vs. 12.87 ± 5.55 10−3/kPa [mean ± SD]; P = 0.38; homozygous vs. noncarriers). In addition, no clear differences in estimates of cardiac structure and function were found.

CONCLUSIONS
Even though BclI is associated with a higher BMI and some proxies of CVD, our results do not support the concept that BclI carrier status is associated with greater arterial stiffening or cardiac dysfunction.
Evaluating the impacts of fishing on sex-changing fish: a game-theoretic approach
Authors: Robinson Orin J. , Jensen Olaf P. , Provost Mikaela M. , Huang Shuochen , Fefferman Nina H. , Kebir Amira , Lockwood Julie L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Sex change has been widely documented in many commercially and recreationally important fish species, yet the implications of this life history trait are not considered in most stock assessments. This omission can lead to poor estimates of parameters vital to understanding the health of sequentially hermaphroditic stocks. Here, we present a game theoretic approach to model the sex changing behaviour of a stock of protogynous (female first) hermaphroditic fish and produce estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY), equilibrium biomass at MSY (BMSY) and sex ratio, then compare these reference points to those from an otherwise identical gonochoristic (non-sex changing) stock. We tested each stock at varying levels of exploitation and with a range of assumptions about how sex ratio impacts fertilization rate. We show that a protogynous hermaphroditic stock with flexible timing of sex change produces similar MSY and slightly higher BMSY than a gonochoristic stock with otherwise identical vital rates. Sex changing stocks were also able to maintain a higher proportion of males in the population than did non-sex changing stocks as exploitation increased. Although sex changing stocks were able to maintain their sex ratio, the age at which females changed sex decreased with increased exploitation, suggesting smaller body size, and presumably lower fecundity, for females in heavily exploited sex changing stocks. Our game theoretic approach to evaluating hermaphroditic stocks can accommodate a wide variety of sex changing cues and behaviours and allows a flexible model for understanding the effects of exploitation on hermaphroditic stocks.
Bitter Melon Extract Promotes Granulation Tissue Growth and Angiogenesis in the Diabetic Wound
Authors: Singh Rekha , Garcia-Gomez Ignacio , Gudehithlu Krishnamurthy P. , Singh Ashok K. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
Bitter melon is a plant fruit that has been shown to exert a hypoglycemic effect when used systemically in patients with diabetes. This study was designed to investigate the topical effect of bitter melon on diabetic wounds using the wound chamber model in rats.

DESIGN:
Two bilateral wound chambers were implanted subcutaneously in the thoracic-lumbar region of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin 7 days after implantation of wound chambers. After 24 hours of induction of diabetes, aqueous extract of bitter melon was injected into 1 wound chamber, and saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) was injected into the contralateral chamber once daily for 3 days. Wound fluid was collected on day 4 for analysis, following which rats were euthanized. The granulation tissue encapsulating the wound chamber was removed and processed for histology. Controls included diabetic rats with wound chambers injected with saline (instead of bitter melon) and nondiabetic rats with wound chambers injected with bitter melon.

RESULTS:
In rats with diabetes, wound granulation tissue treated with bitter melon was well formed, with distinct cellular layers, whereas the saline-treated granulation tissue showed a severe loss of tissue organization and blood vessels. Moreover, the bitter melon treatment increased angiogenesis in the diabetic granulation tissue, marked by abundant microvessels and large blood vessels. In nondiabetic rats, no differences in wound granulation tissues were observed between saline- and bitter melon-treated groups. Bitter melon treatment had no effect on systemic blood glucose levels or insulin receptor substrate 1, suggesting that its stimulatory effect on diabetic granulation tissue was not due to alteration of systemic blood glucose levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
When applied locally to diabetic wounds, bitter melon extract prevents regression of granulation tissue and blood vessels, thus accelerating and improving wound healing.
Polyethylene Glycol 3350 and Docusate Sodium Compared With Docusate Sodium Alone After Urogynecologic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Edenfield Autumn L. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. , Wu Jennifer M. , Dieter Alexis A. , Garrett Melissa A. , Visco Anthony G. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:543–549)
Patients who undergo pelvic reconstruction are at high risk of constipation following surgery due to use of narcotics, anesthesia, mechanical bowel preparations, and anatomic manipulation. Few rigorous studies have compared the efficacy of medications for the management of postoperative constipation after urogynecologic surgery.
Metabolic Screening in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Largely Underutilized Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists
Authors: Dhesi Amy S. , Murtough Katie L. , Lim Jonathan K. , Schulkin Jay , McGovern Peter G. , Power Michael L. , Morelli Sara S. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215:579.e1–579.e5)
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at significantly increased risk of several metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome) and have substantially higher rates of these abnormalities compared with women without PCOS. Published guidelines issued by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Endocrine Society recommend that all women with PCOS undergo screening for impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia (with a 2-hour, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] and fasting lipid profile upon diagnosis) and undergo repeat screening every 2 to 5 years and every 2 years, respectively.
Evaluation of Smartphone Menstrual Cycle Tracking Applications Using an Adapted APPLICATIONS Scoring System
Authors: Moglia Michelle L. , Nguyen Henry V. , Chyjek Kathy , Chen Katherine T. , Castaño Paula M. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;127:1153–1160)
Tracking of menstrual cycles is a form of self-monitoring that promotes patient empowerment and informed decision making. Tracking is useful in women for self-understanding and achieving fertility goals.
Post–Policy Implementation Review of Rapid Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) Testing for Preterm Labour in Alberta
Authors: Chuck Anderson W. , Thanh Nguyen X. , Chari Radha S. , Wilson Robert Douglas , Janes-Kelley Selikke , Wesenberg James C. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2016;38(7):659–666)
Research indicates that worldwide an estimated 13 million infants are born prematurely each year. Preterm delivery, a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, can be defined as birth prior to 37 weeks’ gestation and has accounted for 60% to 80% of perinatal deaths in infants without congenital anomalies and up to 75% of neonatal morbidity.
Modeled Fetal Risk of Genetic Diseases Identified by Expanded Carrier Screening
Authors: Haque Imran S. , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Peter Kang H. , Evans Eric A. , Goldberg James D. , Wapner Ronald J. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from JAMA 2016;316(7):734–742)
As part of routine obstetrical practice, many prospective parents undergo genetic testing to detect carriers of specific inherited recessive diseases. There are recommendations provided by professional organizations to test for a limited number of individual diseases that are in part based on self-reported racial/ethnic backgrounds.
Outcome After Tibial Plateau Fracture: How Important Is Restoration of Articular Congruity?
Authors: Singleton Neal , Sahakian Vahe , Muir Dawson 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
Does restoration of articular congruity have any effect on long-term outcome following tibial plateau fracture?

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
A secondary hospital in New Zealand, which services a population of 150,000.

Patients:
All patients with a depressed tibial plateau fracture seen over a 6 year period were invited to participate in the study. There were 41 patients (average age 54 years) recruited from an eligible population of 97. Average follow-up was 3.9 years after injury.

Intervention:
Patients had either been treated operatively or nonoperatively after depressed tibial plateau fracture.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The primary outcome analyzed was residual articular depression (as measured on coronal plane tomogram) and its effect on clinical outcome [Oxford Knee Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Iowa knee score, and a visual analogue satisfaction score] and functional outcome (knee range of motion) at a minimum of 12 months after fracture. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the amount of articular depression: <2.5, 2.5–5.0, and ≥5.0 mm. The secondary outcome analyzed was mechanical axis (as measured on weightbearing long leg alignment radiographs) and its effect on clinical and functional outcomes.

Results:
Statistical analysis found that patients with <2.5 mm of articular depression had significantly smaller losses in knee range of motion (P = 0.000), better Oxford (P = 0.006), Iowa (P = 0.003), and KOOS symptom (P = 0.011) and pain (P = 0.001) scores. We found that there was no significant relationship between restoration of mechanical axis and loss in range of motion (P = 0.126), Oxford (P = 0.584), WOMAC (P = 0.101), IOWA (P = 0.418), Visual Analogue Score (VAS) (P = 0.466) or any subgroup within the KOOS survey other than activities of daily living (P = 0.029).

Conclusions:
This study found that patients with smaller amounts of residual articular depression at a minimum of 12 months after tibial plateau fracture had significantly smaller losses in knee range of motion and better functional outcomes than those with greater amounts of articular depression.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Family Functioning Predicts Body Mass Index and Biochemical Levels of Youths with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Montaño Zorash , Maynard Andrew , Miloh Tamir 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:

Family functioning is associated with obesity-related chronic illnesses and impedes effective treatment of weight-related conditions, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objectives:
Evaluate the utility of a brief screening measure of family functioning among youth aged 8 to 18 years being treated in a specialty care clinic for NAFLD.

Methods:
Thirty-nine youths and their caregivers participated. Relations between family functioning and anthropometric and biochemical variables assessed 3 to 6 months later were evaluated using regression analyses, controlling for child age, gender, and ethnicity.

Results:
Family functioning was related to significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and levels of cholesterol, HbA1c, and glucose, but not serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)—a marker of NAFLD—controlling for baseline levels. The magnitudes of effects were medium for models of BMI (Cohen's f
2 = 0.29), cholesterol (0.32), and blood glucose (0.30) and small to medium for HbA1c (0.23) and ALT (0.10).

Conclusion:
This is the first study to examine the role of family functioning in youth with NALFD. Treatment programs might consider screening for family functioning to identify families that could benefit from a family-centered behavioral intervention.
Genomic profiling of gynecologic cancers and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Prendergast Emily N. , Elvin Julia A. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
This article summarizes advances in the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to the personalized treatment of gynecologic malignancies.

Recent findings
Many recurrent genomic alterations (GA) in gynecologic malignancies have been identified by studies applying NGS to tumor tissue, which can provide insights into tumor biology, diagnostic or prognostic information, and potential targeted therapy options. NGS can be used to assay single genes, portions of multiple genes (“hot-spot” panels), or the complete coding sequence of a broad range of cancer-associated genes [i.e. comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)]. CGP of a patient's tumor reveals to practitioners clinically relevant GA (CRGA) and associated biomarker-matched treatments, with a goal of improving therapeutic response while limiting cumulative chemotherapeutic toxicities. Although the use of precision medicine for gynecologic cancers holds much promise, the data detailing impact on survival and quality of life is still accumulating, lagging behind other areas of oncology. Enrolling gynecologic oncology patients in genotype-matched trials remains challenging and highlights the need for more molecular-based basket trials for reproductive tract malignancies.

Summary
Identification of molecular subsets with distinct clinical attributes, prognostic significance, and targeted therapy directed options is now feasible in clinical gynecologic oncology practice.
Understanding How to Prevent and Treat Adverse Events of Fillers and Neuromodulators
Authors: Ablon Glynis 
Published: December 2016

Summary:Experience teaches cosmetic surgeons to become good, but avoiding and treating adverse events make them great. In no area is this more true than in cosmetic procedures involving fillers and neuromodulators. By utilizing knowledge of materials and anatomy involved, specialists seek to avoid complications. A well-trained physician is able to reduce the sequelae from an adverse event by acting promptly using algorithms and a methodical approach to treatments. In this article I discuss the difference between perceived and true complications from fillers and neuromodulators, how to avoid, what to look for and how to treat to provide patients with the best possible outcomes, and make the physicians life less stressful.
Review of 3-dimensional Facial Anatomy: Injecting Fillers and Neuromodulators
Authors: Sieber David A. , Scheuer Jack F. , Villanueva Nathaniel L. , Pezeshk Ronnie A. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: December 2016

Summary:
To achieve consistent results utilizing facial injectables, practitioners must understand the pertinent anatomy of the forehead, temple, cheek, nose, and perioral areas. A detailed understanding of facial blood vessels, nerves, and musculature is essential for safe and effective placement of fillers and neuromodulators.
CAPILLARY NONPERFUSION AND PHOTORECEPTOR LOSS IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Kanakis Menelaos G. , Giannouli Konstantina , Andreanos Konstantinos , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Koutsandrea Chrysanthi , Ladas Ioannis , Georgalas Ilias , Petrou Petros , Kotsolis Athanasios I. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the photoreceptor layer in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion associated with macular ischemia, using a method of en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) representation of the ellipsoid zone.

Methods:
Customized macular OCT scans of 9 patients (10 eyes) with branch retinal vein occlusion and macular ischemia were exported and subsequently postprocessed (removal of vascular and cystic spaces' shadows, segmentation, and alignment to the retinal pigment epithelium). The ellipsoid band was then isolated, aligned, and used to produce an en face OCT image. Areas with photoreceptor loss (hyporeflective ellipsoid) were compared with ischemic areas as identified in an early-phase fluorescein angiography.

Results:
The areas of capillary nonperfusion (as detected in fluorescein angiography) were closely associated with disruption of the ellipsoid zone (depicted as areas of low reflectance in the en face reconstruction of the OCT images). The ellipsoid zone disruption had a patchy appearance and either sharp or fuzzy borders, depending on the grade of the loss of reflectance.

Conclusion:
En face OCT reconstruction and subsequent representation of ellipsoid zone revealed a close association between capillary nonperfusion and photoreceptor disruption in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. It seems that the deep capillary plexus plays an important role on the metabolic demands of outer retina and, consequently, an ischemia at the level of deep capillary plexus has significant impact on the integrity of the photoreceptors.