bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of guiding and interpreting in red tourism
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Timothy Dallen 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Despite the significance of tour guiding and interpreting in the tourism system, relevant research is lacking in both depth and breadth. Current scholarly work tends to ignore tour guides’ self-expectations and assumes they are altruistic mediators who carry out their tasks without question. Considering tourism intermediaries are rational individuals who attempt to maximize their own benefits, the purpose of this paper is to situate tour guiding and interpreting practices in a larger political and social context, to explore the external and intrapersonal factors that might influence the content and approaches of interpreting Chinese communist heritage.

Design/methodology/approach
Considering tourism intermediaries are rational individuals who attempt to maximize their own benefits, this study situates tour guiding and interpreting practices in a larger political and social context, to explore the external and intrapersonal factors that might influence the content and approaches of interpreting Chinese communist heritage.

Findings
The study reveals that institutional arrangements, environmental settings, characteristics of tourists and tourist-intermediary onsite interactions can have salient repercussions on intermediaries’ job skills, career attitudes and orientation, and self-perceived roles, and further shape their way of interpreting the past. Several managerial implications regarding enhancing the effectiveness of tour guiding and interpreting are also discussed.

Originality/value
It is mentioned above. The Chinese government has invested enormously in red tourism to achieve a political end. In reality, however, there are always gaps between official narratives and actual interpretation. To lessen such deviation, efforts are needed to understand the dynamics of tour guiding practices. Anchoring interpretation and guiding practices in a broader political, social, and economic context, this paper attempts to improve the static research by comparing two major types of intermediaries, site interpreter and tour guide, with regard to the content of, and approach to their interpretation of red heritage. It provides an in-depth insight into the meaning-making process of the communist heritage tourism in China.
Determining the contribution of distraction factors on Malaysian seafarers using a systematic average mean value
Authors: Othman Mohammad Khairuddin , Abdul Rahman Noorul Shaiful Fitri , Fadzil Mohd Naim 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the distraction factors based on their contributions in affecting seafarers’ physical and psychological well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic average mean value technique incorporated with quantitative data collection is applied to determine the contributions of the involved factors in establishing the distraction problems among seafarers.

Findings
Element of “Food and nutrition” is recorded as the highest contributing factor to Malaysian seafarers, for deck and engine department, respectively, in establishing the distraction-related problem among five other factors involved.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is only providing a scope of knowledge regarding the contribution of potential distraction factors existing on board the offshore ships. However, the potential distraction factors and their contributions, respectively, are very dynamic and may vary, depending on the situation of a particular area and who are being involved.

Practical implications
The result assists the shipping industry in recognizing the actual causes of the occurrences of marine casualties and incidents related to human factors.

Social implications
The benefits are addressed to seafarers’ community where their well-being and work performances could be enhanced, thus reducing the occurrences of marine casualties and incidents. Local community at the shores also will be less threatened by marine pollution caused by the accidents of ships at sea.

Originality/value
The result provides a scope of knowledge regarding distraction-related factors in shipboard operation and also the introduction to a systematic assessment approach to determine and rank the parameters by using the systematic average mean value technique which is also a straightforward method and can be applied in any other circumstances.
Location of regional and international hub ports in liner shipping
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Fu Cong , Kuang Haibo 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the location of regional and international hub ports in liner shipping by proposing a hierarchical hub location problem.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a mixed-integer linear programming model for the authors’ proposed problem. Numerical experiments based on a realistic Asia-Europe-Oceania liner shipping network are carried out to account for the effectiveness of this model.FindingsThe results show that one international hub port (i.e. Rotterdam) and one regional hub port (i.e. Zeebrugge) are opened in Europe. Two international hub ports (i.e. Sokhna and Salalah) are located in Western Asia, where no regional hub port is established. One international hub port (i.e. Colombo) and one regional hub port (i.e. Cochin) are opened in Southern Asia. One international hub port (i.e. Singapore) and one regional hub port (i.e. Jakarta) are opened in Southeastern Asia and Australia. Three international hub ports (i.e. Hong Kong, Shanghai and Yokohama) and two regional hub ports (i.e. Qingdao and Kwangyang) are opened in Eastern Asia.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a hierarchical hub location problem, in which the authors distinguish between regional and international hub ports in liner shipping. Moreover, scale economies in ship size are considered. Furthermore, the proposed problem introduces the main ports.
Strategic positioning analysis of Spanish cruise ports
Authors: Esteve-Perez Jeronimo , Garcia-Sanchez Antonio 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Cruise traffic has dynamically advanced worldwide over the past two decades. This maritime business and tourism typology is strongly concentrated in several links that comprise the cruise product. With regard to destination regions, the concentration occurs both in the few worldwide destination regions and in the specific ports within a given destination region. Moreover, in a cruise itinerary’s configuration, there is a strong spatial dependence between the ports that comprise it. Taking these into account, the aims of this paper are to identify the current competitive positions of Spanish cruise ports and to explain the different features of the competitive positions obtained.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 21 Spanish ports is selected to conduct a competitive positioning analysis. The analysis is developed by applying portfolio analysis based on the “growth-share matrix” adapted to the port industry. Moreover, the sample of ports is divided into three groups based on geographical positions of ports on the Spanish coast, and each group is analysed separately.

Findings
The three Spanish coastal areas have a behavioural pattern in which few ports concentrate the greater share of the cruising activity. The highest number of competitive positions are mature leader and high potential. In the three Spanish coastal areas, there are ports with these positions. Additionally, there are homeports available in the three coastal areas.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the research of the cruise industry sector especially from the point of view of cruise ports. The results obtained may be useful to cruise port managers for developing strategies aimed at increasing cruise traffic in a port.
Key success factors of international market development
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Fen , Chang Kai-Lin 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an evaluation model to determine the relative weights of key factors influencing international market development (IMD) success through analysis network process (ANP) during group decision-making. An empirical case of the Taiwan bulk shipping industry is used to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review is performed to generate 20 key success factors (KSFs) along with four factor categories in IMD (such as organizational capability, environmental scanning, international strategy and internationalization behavior). Then, ANP is applied to develop an evaluation model that prioritizes the relative importance linking the above four factor categories with 20 evaluated KSFs.FindingsWith respect to the final weights for factor categories, “international strategy” and “environmental scanning” are the two most important criteria, followed by “organizational capability” and “internationalization behavior”. The results also showed that by reviewing the global weights of the 20 KSFs of IMD, “service as competitive advantage”, “market potential” and “risk taking” have the highest rankings.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that firm expansion into international markets typically depends on a successful international strategy. Hence, to enhance their global market competitiveness, Taiwan bulk shipping firms should focus their efforts on planning international market entry strategy and prioritizing shipping services with high-potential target markets.Originality/valueTheoretically, the study results can provide both theoretical basis and empirical evidence, indicating the relative weights and priorities of KSFs of IMD for the Taiwan bulk shipping industry. From the managerial perspective, the analytical results can help managers focus on main factors and identify the best policy to improve their IMD practice and performance.
Resource availability, international acquisition experience, and cross-border M&A target search
Authors: Zakaria Rimi , Fernandez Whitney Douglas , Schneper William D. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain how factors relating to resource availability affect managerial risk-taking with regard to the geographic and institutional proximity of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) targets. The paper further considers the impact of organizational learning by testing the moderating effect of the acquiring firms’ prior international M&A experience.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses linear regression with robust standard errors to account for dependence among clustered observations at the firm level. The authors used country and industry fixed-effects specifications to account for unobserved heterogeneity.FindingsThe results suggest that when internal and external resources are more abundant, firms pursue cross-border M&As that are more geographically and institutionally distant. The findings further indicate that a firm’s prior international M&A experience positively moderates the aforementioned relationships..Research limitations/implicationsExtending the behavioral theory of the firm beyond organizational slack resources, the results highlight the importance of taking a multi-level, open-systems perspective of the strategic impact of resource availability. The authors’ theory and findings also provide a more nuanced view of the critical role organizational learning plays in the relationship between resource availability and organizational outcomes.Originality/valueThis is the first study to the authors’ knowledge that develops and tests a theoretical model exploring the impact of both internal (organizational slack) and external (environmental munificence at both the industry and home-country levels) resource availability, as well as prior organizational experience on an important multinational business practice.
Industry 4.0, global value chains and international business
Authors: Strange Roger , Zucchella Antonella 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an assessment of how the widespread adoption of new digital technologies (i.e. the Internet of things, big data and analytics, robotic systems and additive manufacturing) might affect the location and organisation of activities within global value chains (GVCs).

Design/methodology/approach
The approach in this paper is to review various sources about the potential adoption and impact of the new digital technologies (commonly known collectively as Industry 4.0), to contrast these technologies with existing technologies, and to consider how the new technologies might lead to new configurations involving suppliers, firms and customers.

Findings
The authors report that the new digital technologies have considerable potential to disrupt how and where activities are located and organised within GVCs), and who captures the value-added within those chains. They also report that Industry 4.0 is still in its infancy, but that its effects are already having an impact upon the nature of competition and corporate strategies in many industries.

Social/implications
In particular, the authors draw attention to the potential cyber-risks and implications for the privacy of individuals, and hence, the need for regulation.

Originality/value
This is the first published paper to consider the likely separate and joint impacts of the new digital technologies on the practice and theory of international business.
ELR+ chemokine‐mediated neutrophil recruitment is involved in 2,4,6‐trinitrochlorobenzene‐induced contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Sakai Hiroyasu , Yabe Saori , Sato Ken , Kai Yuki , Sato Fumiaki , Yumoto Tetsuro , Inoue Yuka , Narita Minoru , Matsumoto Kenjiro , Kato Shinichi , Chiba Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractContact dermatitis is a form of delayed‐type hypersensitivity characterized by localized thickening, papules, redness and vesicles of the skin. A model of contact dermatitis involving repeated challenge of a hapten is adapted to assess dermatitis as characterized by skin thickening. Recently, it was reported that neutrophils have crucial roles in contact hypersensitivity. We thus examined the involvement of CXC chemokines bearing the glutamic acid–leucine–arginine (ELR) motif (“ELR+ chemokines”) and neutrophils in the ear swelling induced by 2,4,6‐trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) challenges in the present study. Mice were sensitized by application of TNCB on their abdominal skin. They were then challenged thrice with TNCB to the ear. The CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 (9 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before each TNCB challenge. Gene expressions and protein levels of the ELR+ chemokines CXCL1, 2 and 5 was increased markedly in mouse ear after the final TNCB challenge. In addition, we indicated that gene expression of CXCL1 was enhanced in the epidermis and dermis upon TNCB challenge. Expression of the CXCL2 gene was enhanced in the epidermis, and that of the CXCL5 gene was enhanced in the dermis. The swelling induced by TNCB challenges was significantly attenuated by SB225002. Furthermore, the increases in myeloperoxidase activity, and expression of myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase induced by TNCB challenge in mouse ear were inhibited by SB225002. These data suggest that ear swelling resulting from TNCB challenges might be concerned by upregulated ELR+ chemokine‐induced neutrophil recruitment.
Quality indicators in the care of older persons in the emergency department: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Burkett Ellen , Martin‐Khan Melinda G , Gray Leonard C 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveA systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess the methodological quality of existing quality indicators (QIs) for the emergency department (ED) care of older persons.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and grey literature were searched. Articles were included if they addressed ED care of persons aged ≥65 years and defined a QI amenable to influence by ED providers. The methodological quality of QIs was assessed using relevant items from the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation and the QUALIFY tools.ResultsSixty‐one articles were included in the review, with identification of 50 QIs meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Thirty‐six of fifty ED QIs for older persons were process indicators. The appraisal instruments’ total ratings ranged from 39 to 67%, with only 18 QIs scoring 50% or more for all five domains.ConclusionThere is a need for a balanced, methodologically robust set of QIs for care of older persons in the ED.
The mid‐point transverse process to pleura (MTP) block: a new end‐point for thoracic paravertebral block
Authors: Costache I. , de Neumann L. , Ramnanan C. J. , Goodwin S. L. , Pawa A. , Abdallah F. W. , McCartney C. J. L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCurrent descriptions of thoracic paravertebral block techniques require the needle tip to be anterior to the superior costotransverse ligament. We hypothesised that an injection point midway between the posterior border of the transverse process and the pleura would result in spread to the paravertebral space. We completed bilateral injections of 5 ml methylene blue 0.2% midway between the posterior border of the transverse process and the pleura at T2, T4, T6, T8 and T10 in three unembalmed cadavers. The presence of methylene blue dye at the nerve root in the paravertebral space, the corresponding intercostal nerve and sympathetic chain at the level of injection, and at additional levels, was examined. We identified the superior costotransverse ligament, pleural displacement and spread to the erector spinae plane. We describe two case reports using this technique in patients. Our cadaver results and clinical cases demonstrate that, with the exception of cadaver 1, an injection point midway between the posterior border of the transverse process and pleura consistently achieved spread of dye at least to the paravertebral space at the level of injection, and frequently to adjacent levels. This may be a plausible explanation for the landmark technique's inability to reliably achieve a multilevel block. We describe a new ultrasound‐guided technique for a single level paravertebral block.
Mechanomyography‐Based Wearable Monitor of Quasi‐Isometric Muscle Fatigue for Motor Neural Prostheses
Authors: Krueger Eddy , Popović‐Maneski Lana , Nohama Percy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA motor neural prosthesis based on surface functional electrical stimulation (sFES) can restore functional movement (e.g., standing, walking) in patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI). sFES generates muscle contractions in antigravity muscles and allows balance‐assisted standing. This induced standing has several benefits, such as improved cardiovascular function, decreased incidence of urinary infections, reduced joint contractures, and muscle atrophy. The duration of sFES assisted standing is limited due to the quick onset of muscle fatigue. Currently, there is no method available to reliably estimate real‐time muscle fatigue during sFES. Simply monitoring the M‐wave changes is not suitable due to the high signal disturbances that arise during multi‐channel electrical stimulation. Mechanomyography (MMG) is immune to electrical stimulation artifacts and can be used to detect subtle vibrations on the surface of the skin related to activation of the underlying muscle's motor units (MU). The aim of this study was to develop a method for detecting muscle fatigue brought on by sFES. The method was tested in three different heads of the quadriceps muscle in SCI patients during electrically elicited quasi‐isometric contraction. Six spinal cord–injured male volunteers, with no voluntary control of the quadriceps muscle participated in the study. Electrical bursts of voltage‐controlled monophasic square pulses at frequencies of 1 kHz (50% duty cycle) at 50 Hz (15% duty cycle) were used to generate thigh muscle contractions that controlled the knee joint in the sagittal plane. The pulse amplitudes were set to position the knee joint at a 5° angle from the horizontal plane and when the knee angle dropped to 20° (e.g., the quadriceps were unable to hold the lower leg in the desired position), the test was terminated. Two data segments lasting 10 s each, at the beginning and end of each test, were analyzed. The muscle contraction was assessed by MMG sensors positioned on the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles. Data segments were decomposed into 11 frequency bands using a Cauchy wavelet transform. In the initial time interval (non‐fatigued muscle), the power peak was concentrated in the 11.31 Hz frequency band. In the final interval (muscle fatigued) this peak shifted to lower frequencies (2 and 6 Hz frequency bands). The decreased frequency was most prominent during the last 4 s of the recordings. It was shown that MMG could be used as a real‐time indicator of muscle fatigue during FES‐induced isometric contraction of quadriceps; hence, MMG could be used in closed‐loop control as a fatigue detector. Subsequent studies for non‐isometric contractions could possibly lead to prediction of muscle fatigue before contractile failure during functional use of the muscle.
Hydrolysed ovalbumin offers more effective preventive and therapeutic protection against egg allergy than the intact protein
Authors: Lozano‐Ojalvo D. , Pérez‐Rodríguez L. , Pablos‐Tanarro A. , Molina E. , López‐Fandiño R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe application of specific immunotherapy to stimulate oral tolerance towards food allergens is hampered by the high frequency of adverse side‐effects and the excessive duration of the treatments.ObjectiveIn this work, a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with pepsin (OP), selected for its low IgE reactivity and Th2‐stimulating capacity, was assayed for its ability to prevent and treat allergy to egg white (EW).MethodsAs a first step, the safety of OP, in terms of the absence of sensitizing and eliciting potential, was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Then, its suitability for prophylactic and therapeutic applications was compared with that of the intact allergen, paying attention to the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the control of the allergic process. To this aim, IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and IgA levels, allergic reactions, expression of genes related to Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg responses, dendritic and T cell populations were assessed in intestinal tissues and spleens of EW‐allergic mice, either untreated or treated with intact ovalbumin (OVA) or OP.ResultsThe hydrolysate of OVA with pepsin was hypoallergenic, lacked sensitizing potential and offered preventive and therapeutic protection against allergy to EW through the induction of Treg cells and the up‐regulation of TGF‐β, IL‐10, IL‐17, Foxp3 and RORγt in intestinal tissues. This restrained the expression of GATA3 and the differentiation of Th2 cells, leading to low cytokine responses following ex vivo spleen cell stimulation. As compared with intact OVA, OP was more effective against sensitization. In addition, in the therapeutic setting, OP provided quicker desensitization that lasted for at least 3 weeks after discontinuation of the therapy.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study provides evidence for the superior role of hydrolysed, as compared to intact allergens, in the prevention of allergy development and in the promotion of long‐term desensitization, as well as of intermolecular tolerance.