bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Orographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Mesosphere over the Auckland Islands during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE)
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D. , Broutman Dave , Ma Jun , Doyle James D. , Pautet Pierre-Dominique , Taylor Michael J. , Bossert Katrina , Williams Bifford P. , Fritts David C. , Smith Ronald B. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
On 14 July 2014 during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), aircraft remote sensing instruments detected large-amplitude gravity wave oscillations within mesospheric airglow and sodium layers at altitudes z ~ 78–83 km downstream of the Auckland Islands, located ~1000 km south of Christchurch, New Zealand. A high-altitude reanalysis and a three-dimensional Fourier gravity wave model are used to investigate the dynamics of this event. At 0700 UTC when the first observations were made, surface flow across the islands’ terrain generated linear three-dimensional wave fields that propagated rapidly to z ~ 78 km, where intense breaking occurred in a narrow layer beneath a zero-wind region at z ~ 83 km. In the following hours, the altitude of weak winds descended under the influence of a large-amplitude migrating semidiurnal tide, leading to intense breaking of these wave fields in subsequent observations starting at 1000 UTC. The linear Fourier model constrained by upstream reanalysis reproduces the salient aspects of observed wave fields, including horizontal wavelengths, phase orientations, temperature and vertical displacement amplitudes, heights and locations of incipient wave breaking, and momentum fluxes. Wave breaking has huge effects on local circulations, with inferred layer-averaged westward flow accelerations of ~350 m s−1 h−1 and dynamical heating rates of ~8 K h−1, supporting recent speculation of important impacts of orographic gravity waves from subantarctic islands on the mean circulation and climate of the middle atmosphere during austral winter.
Algorithm for Determining the Statistical Properties of Cloud Particles through In Situ Ensemble Measurements
Authors: Hayman Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn algorithm is described for inverting individual particle properties from statistics of ensemble observations, thereby dispelling the notion that coincident particles create inherently erroneous data in particle probes. The algorithm assumes that the observed property obeys superposition, that the particles are independently randomly distributed in space, and that the particle distribution is stationary over the accumulation distance. The fundamental principle of the algorithm is based on a derived analytical relationship between ensemble and individual particle statistics with fully defined derivatives. This enables rapid convergence of forward inversions. Furthermore, this relationship has no dependence on the particular instrument realization, so the accuracy of the relationship is not fundamentally constrained by the accuracy to which a measurement system can be characterized or modeled. This algorithm is presented in terms of a single observed property, but the derivation is valid for correlated multiparameter retrievals. Because data are collected in histograms, this technique would require relatively little storage and network bandwidth on an aircraft data system. This statistical analysis is derived here for measuring particle geometric extinction cross sections, but it could also be applied to other particle properties, such as scattering cross-section and phase matrix elements. In this example application, a simulated beam passes through a sampled environment onto a single detector to periodically measure beam extinction. This measured extinction may be the result of one or more particles, but it is shown that the probability distribution function of the ensemble (multiparticle) extinction measurement can be used to obtain the distribution of individual particle extinction cross sections (used here as a proxy for particle size distribution).
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome During Combined Modality Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wakasaki Takahiro , Gotoh Seiji , Tomonobe Eri , Mihara Takenao , Fukushima Junichi 
Published: June 2016

Objectives: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare and acute disease with central nervous system symptoms. Without appropriate therapy, patients may exhibit a poor prognosis. PRES should be recognized as a possible problem during therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: A 56-year-old female developed PRES during combined modality therapy for HNSCC. On the fourth day after surgery and following chemoradiotherapy, PRES developed with a sudden visual disorder, followed by headache located at the back of the head and convulsions accompanied by impaired consciousness. We diagnosed PRES based on the clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging data. Results: The patient recovered from PRES by appropriate treatment. Conclusion: This is the first case report of PRES developed during treatment for HNSCC. Masked by other cerebrovascular disorders, more cases of PRES could exist than usually expected; therefore, we should consider PRES as a differential diagnosis for central nervous system disorders developing during high-intensity therapy.
The Orientation and Variation of the Acromioclavicular Ligament
Authors: Nakazawa Masataka , Nimura Akimoto , Mochizuki Tomoyuki , Koizumi Masahiro , Sato Tatsuo , Akita Keiichi 
Published: June 2016

Background: Several biomechanical studies have shown that the acromioclavicular (AC) ligament prevents posterior translation of the clavicle in the horizontal plane. In anatomy textbooks, however, the AC ligament is illustrated as running straight across the AC joint surface. Hypothesis: The AC ligament does not run straight across the joint surface, and the configuration of the AC ligament may vary. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: We used 16 pairs of shoulder girdles in this study. After identifying the AC ligament, we macroscopically investigated the orientation and attachment of the ligament and measured the angle between the ligament and the line perpendicular to the AC joint surface by using a digital goniometer. In addition, the AC joint inclination angle was measured, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the joint inclination and the ligament angle was calculated. Finally, we sought to classify the AC ligament based on its configuration. Of the 16 pairs of specimens, 3 pairs of shoulders were histologically examined. Results: The AC ligament was divided into 2 parts: a bundle at the superoposterior (SP) part and a bundle at the anteroinferior (AI) part of the joint. The well-developed SP bundle was consistent and ran obliquely at an average ± SD 30° ± 6° in relation to the AC joint surface, from the anterior part of the acromion to the posterior part of the distal clavicle. The joint inclination was 70° ± 12°, and a negative moderate correlation was found between the joint inclination and the ligament angle ( P = .02, r = −0.46). In comparison, the AI bundle was thin and narrow, and it could be categorized into 3 types according to its various configurations. Conclusion: The AC ligament could be separated into the SP bundle and the AI bundle. The SP bundle ran posteriorly toward the distal clavicle from the acromion at an average angle of 30° to the joint surface. Clinical Relevance: Anatomic reconstruction, based on the current findings in combination with findings regarding the coracoclavicular ligament, could facilitate improved outcome in the treatment of AC joint disruption.
Characterization of aberrant splicing of von Willebrand factor in von Willebrand disease: an underrecognized mechanism
Authors: Hawke Lindsey , Bowman Mackenzie L. , Poon Man-Chiu , Scully Mary-Frances , Rivard Georges-Etienne , James Paula D. 
Published: June 2016

Key PointsAberrant splicing is an underrecognized mechanism causing VWD and is affected by shear stress. Alternative splicing of endothelial VWF occurs in the normal population.
Peripheral Venous Pressure as an Indicator of Preload Responsiveness During Volume Resuscitation from Hemorrhage
Authors: Kinsky Michael , Ribeiro Nicole , Cannesson Maxime , Deyo Donald , Kramer George , Salter Michael , Khan Muzna , Ju Hyunsu , Johnston William E. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Fluid resuscitation of hypovolemia presumes that peripheral venous pressure (PVP) increases more than right atrial pressure (RAP), so the net pressure gradient for venous return (PVP-RAP) rises. However, the heart and peripheral venous system function under different compliances that could affect their respective pressures during fluid infusion. In a porcine model of hemorrhage resuscitation, we examined whether RAP increases more than PVP, thereby reducing the venous return pressure gradient and blood flow.

METHODS:
Anesthetized pigs (n = 8) were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm Hg and resuscitated with stored blood and albumin for pulmonary artery occlusion pressures (PAOPs) of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm Hg. Venous pressures, inferior vena cava blood flow (ultrasonic flowprobe), and left ventricular diastolic compliance (Doppler echocardiography) were measured. Stroke volume variability was calculated.

RESULTS:
With volume resuscitation, the slope of RAP exceeded PVP (P ≤ 0.0001) when PAOP is 10 to 20 mm Hg, causing the pressure gradient for venous return to progressively decrease. Inferior vena cava blood flow did not further increase after PAOP > 10 mm Hg. The E/e′ ratio increased (P = 0.001) during resuscitation indicating reduced diastolic compliance. A significant curvilinear relationship was found between PVP and stroke volume variability (R
2 = 0.62; P < 0.001), where fluid responders had PVP < 15 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:
Fluid resuscitation above a PAOP 10 mm Hg reduces myocardial compliance and reduces the venous return pressure gradient. The hemodynamic response to fluid resuscitation becomes limited by diastolic properties of the heart. PVP measurement during hemorrhage resuscitation may predict fluid responsiveness and nonresponsiveness.
Total Joint Replacement Perioperative Surgical Home Program: 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Cyriac James , Garson Leslie , Schwarzkopf Ran , Ahn Kyle , Rinehart Joseph , Vakharia Shermeen , Cannesson Maxime , Kain Zeev 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Previously, our group successfully established one of the nation’s first Perioperative Surgical Homes (PSHs) aimed at coordinating services to patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As we now focus on extending the PSH to other service lines within the hospital, the long-term sustainability of this practice model is an important factor to consider moving forward.

METHODS:
We prospectively collected data from all patients who underwent elective primary TKA and THA at our institution between October 1, 2012, and September 30, 2014. Prospectively collected data included length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rate, postoperative pain scores, and complications.

RESULTS:
During the 2-year period, there were 328 primary joint arthroplasty patients. Overall, the median LOS was significantly shorter in the second year of the PSH initiative (P = 0.03). Stratified by procedure, the median LOS for patients undergoing THA was significantly shorter in the second year (P = 0.02), whereas the median LOS for patients undergoing TKA did not differ between the 2 time periods. In the second year of the PSH initiative, significantly more patients were discharged home than to a skilled nursing facility compared with year 1 of the PSH initiative (P = 0.02). Readmission rates within 30 days after surgery to our institution were 0.9% (0.0–4.4) in the first year of the PSH initiative and 3.3% (confidence interval, 1.3%–7.2%) in the second year of the PSH initiative (P = not significant). Pain scores did not change significantly from year 1 to year 2 (P = not significant).

CONCLUSIONS:
Data for the second year of implementation demonstrate similarly positive results in LOS, pain control, discharge destination, readmission, transfusion rates, and complications.
The Use of Electrical Impedance to Identify Intraneural Needle Placement in Human Peripheral Nerves: A Study on Amputated Human Limbs
Authors: Vydyanathan Amaresh , Kosharskyy Boleslav , Nair Singh , Gritsenko Karina , Kim Ryung S. , Wang Dan , Shaparin Naum 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Even as the use of peripheral nerve blockade in the perioperative setting is increasing, neural injury secondary to accidental intraneural injection remains a significant patient safety concern. Current modalities, including electrical stimulation and ultrasound imaging, still lack consistency and absolute reliability in both the detection and prevention of this complication. The measurement of electrical impedance (EI) could be an easy and valuable additional tool to detect intraneural needle placement. Our objectives in this study were to measure the change in EI with intraneural needle advancement in recently amputated human limbs.

METHODS:
The study was conducted within 45 minutes of amputation. The nerves that were studied were the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa in above-knee amputations or the tibial nerve below the calf in below-knee amputations. The amputated limb was placed on a tray and under ultrasound imaging guidance, an insulated peripheral block needle connected to a nerve stimulator was placed extraneurally and subsequently advanced intraneurally. The experiment was repeated on the same nerve after exposure by surgical dissection. The differences in impedance measurements between intraneural and extraneural needle placement were compared.

RESULTS:
In the below-knee amputated extremity (tibial nerve, n = 6) specimens based on the ultrasound methods, mean ± SD for ultrasound-guided intraneural impedance was 10 ± 2 kΩ compared with an extraneural impedance of 6 ± 1.6 kΩ (P = 0.005). The difference between intraneural and extraneural impedance after open dissection was also significant when we repeated the analysis based on the same specimens (P = 0.005). Similarly, in the above-the-knee amputated extremity (sciatic nerve, n = 5) specimens, mean intraneural impedance was 35.2 ± 7.9 kΩ compared with an extraneural impedance of 25.2 ± 5.3 kΩ (P = 0.037). The difference between intraneural and extraneural impedance obtained after open dissection was also significant when we repeated the analysis based on the same specimens (P = 0.0002). The impedance values were consistent and similar to those obtained after open dissection.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is no reliable “gold standard” to predict or prevent intraneural needle placement during peripheral nerve blockade. This small sample-sized study demonstrated that there is a change in EI with intraneural needle advancement. In clinical practice, measurement of the EI in conjunction with nerve stimulation may serve as another tool to use for identifying intraneural needle placement during peripheral nerve blockade.
Molecular organization of the desmosome as revealed by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
Authors: Stahley Sara N. , Bartle Emily I. , Atkinson Claire E. , Kowalczyk Andrew P. , Mattheyses Alexa L. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Desmosomes are macromolecular junctions responsible for providing strong cell–cell adhesion. Because of their size and molecular complexity, the precise ultrastructural organization of desmosomes is challenging to study. Here, we used direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to resolve individual plaque pairs for inner and outer dense plaque proteins. Analysis methods based on desmosomal mirror symmetry were developed to measure plaque-to-plaque distances and create an integrated map. We quantified the organization of desmoglein 3, plakoglobin and desmoplakin (N-terminal, rod and C-terminal domains) in primary human keratinocytes. Longer desmosome lengths correlated with increasing plaque-to-plaque distance, suggesting that desmoplakin is arranged with its long axis at an angle within the plaque. We next examined whether plaque organization changed in different adhesive states. Plaque-to-plaque distance for the desmoplakin rod and C-terminal domains decreased in PKP-1-mediated hyperadhesive desmosomes, suggesting that protein reorganization correlates with function. Finally, in human epidermis we found a difference in plaque-to-plaque distance for the desmoplakin C-terminal domain, but not the desmoplakin rod domain or plakoglobin, between basal and suprabasal cells. Our data reveal the molecular organization of desmosomes in cultured keratinocytes and skin as defined by dSTORM.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Toluene Using a Proton Exchange Membrane Reactor
Authors: Takano Ken , Tateno Hiroyuki , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Fukazawa Atsushi , Kashiwagi Tsuneo , Nakabayashi Koji , Nagasawa Kensaku , Mitsushima Shigenori , Atobe Mahito 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn order to develop an efficient and greener method for organic chemical hydride production in the energy carrier system, the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of toluene to methylcyclohexane was carried out using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor, which generally applied a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and industrial electrolysis technologies. The electrochemical conversion proceeded in high current efficiencies (&gt;90%) under sufficiently mild conditions with various metal-supported catalysts such as Pt/C, Rh/C, Ru/C, and PtRu/C. For example, methylcyclohexane was obtained in 94% current efficiency by the electrochemical hydrogenation of toluene with PtRu/C. Although the current efficiency of the hydrogenation with Pt/C, Rh/C, and Ru/C apparently decreased under high current density conditions due to the side reaction (hydrogen evolution), the hydrogenation with PtRu/C catalysts proceeded in excellent efficiencies even under high current density conditions.
Solid-State E-to-Z Photoisomerization of 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene Examined by Higher-Order Derivative Spectra
Authors: Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
E-to-Z photoisomerization of 4-dimethylaminoazo-benzene (DMAz) in solution and in aqueous dispersion of fine crystals was analyzed by means of higher-order derivatives. UV-induced changes in derivative spectra of DMAz in hexane led to the identification of vibration level transitions (VLTs) of both E- and Z-isomers and to the estimation of conversions of photoisomerization by tracing extrema of VLT sub-peaks of E-isomer. An aqueous dispersion of DMAz crystals prepared by bead-milling exhibits an extraordinarily broad n,π*-band, which is quite different from that in solution. The irradiation of the dispersion with 365 nm light resulted in the decrement of the absorption band due to the solid-state photoisomerization. The corresponding eighth-derivatives showed the distinctive decline of VLT bands assignable to E-isomer to confirm the photoisomerization. The UV-induced decrement of VLT bands was followed by plotting extremum values of the eighth-order derivatives as a function of exposure time. It was proposed that the solid-state photoisomerization of DMAz is comprised of the fast process at the surface layers and the subsequent slow one in the bulk, taking the observation into account that the melting depression of melting transition occurs by the nanodownsizing of the crystals.
The affect of the hashtag: #HandsUpDontShoot and the body in peril
Authors: Hoyt Kate Drazner 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
On 9 August 2014, Michael Brown, a young man of barely 18 years, was killed by Ferguson, Missouri police officer Darren Wilson, which renewed discourse surrounding the occurrences of racial violence in the United States enacted at the hands of police. Brown’s death led to the development of a hashtag movement called #HandsUpDontShoot on Twitter, Facebook and other social media sites, which critiqued the disparate treatment of racial minorities and the excessive use of (often deadly) force by police on black bodies. #HandsUpDontShoot offers an example how the convergence of subjectivities occurs affectively: the hashtag, while making a discursive appeal to consider Michael Brown’s rumoured stance of surrender when he was shot by Wilson, also featured photos of movement participants recreating his pose with their own bodies. Further, the embodied affect of the movement overlapped and entangled with that of offline spaces, where protesters on the ground in Ferguson and other communities began to raise their hands above their head in a desire to not only create an external spectacle of Brown’s victimhood, but to live within the subjectivity of his abject body. Through a media ecology analysis, I argue that the subjectivity of Brown’s body was kept alive through the movement, as the hashtag and associated imagery can be seen as material extensions of Michael Brown’s body and a desire to make sense of Brown’s death through an affective exchange with the body in peril. In this sense, the participants of #HandsUpDontShoot transformed the movement from a space for standing with the victim to a state of standing within the body in peril.
Biomass of karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in central Guizhou province, southwestern China: a comprehensive inventory of a 2 ha plot
Authors: Liu Li-Bin , Wu Yang-Yang , Hu Gang , Zhang Zhong-Hua , Cheng An-Yun , Wang Shi-Jie , Ni Jian 
Published: June 2016

The biomass of a secondary evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was comprehensively inventoried in a permanent 2 ha plot in southwestern China. Biomass models, sub-sampling, soil pit method, and published data were utilized to determine the biomass of all components. Results showed that the total biomass of the forest was 158.1 Mg ha; the total biomass included the major aboveground (137.7 Mg ha) and belowground (20.3 Mg ha) biomass components of vascular plants as well as the minor biomass components of bryophytes (0.078Â Mg ha) and lichens (0.043Â Mg ha). The necromass was 17.6 Mg ha and included woody debris (9.0Â MgÂ ha) and litter (8.6 Mg ha). The spatial pattern of the aboveground biomass was determined by the spatial distribution of dominant trees with large diameter, tall height, and dense wood. The belowground biomass differed in terms of root diameter and decreased with increasing soil depth. The belowground biomass in each soil pit in local habitats was not related to the spatial distribution of woody plants and soil pit depth. The karst forest presented lower biomass compared than the nonkarst forests in the subtropical zone. Biomass carbon in the karst terrains would increase substantially if degraded karst vegetation could be successfully restored to the forest. Comprehensive site-based biomass inventory of karst vegetation will contribute not only to provide data for benchmarking global and regional vegetation and carbon models but also for regional carbon inventory and vegetation restoration.â1â1â1â1â1â1â1â1
Basic Income and Time Use Democratization
Authors: Enríquez Corina Rodríguez 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTime has become a valuable asset within capitalism. “Time is money” is a well known and usually shared principle. As in regard to many other type of assets, the distribution of time is pretty unfair, as well as it is the value consideration of the time allocated for different people to different activities. The distribution of time, as well as what people can or cannot do with their time, is a key issue among feminist debates. The main argument is that time allocation to paid and unpaid work is very different and unfair between genders. Women allocate much more time to unpaid work, and men, on the contrary allocate much more time to paid work. This has a reasonable and direct consequence in terms of income generation. This unequal distribution of time (and work) represents the main obstacle to women’s economic autonomy and to overcome gender income gaps.