bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemistry with Plane‐Polarized Light: Controlling Selectivity of a Photochemical Rearrangement
Authors: Barashkin Aleksandr A. , Amadou Harouna , Nesterov Evgueni E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past 50 years, a principal approach to controlling conventional photochemical reactions has relied on imposing geometric constraints on reactant or transition state via conducting photochemistry in the organized or constraining media. Herein, we describe a fundamentally different approach to affect the course of photochemical reactions (photochemical rearrangements) by utilizing spatially selective excitation of specific electronic transitions with plane‐polarized light in the reactant molecules uniformly aligned in the nematic liquid crystal phase. In particular, we focused on the Type B enone rearrangement of 4,4‐diarylcyclohexenones – one of the most common photochemical rearrangements. We demonstrated that the aryl migratory aptitude in this reaction was attenuated in response to changing an angle between the polarization plane of the incident light and the alignment direction of the nematic liquid crystal, with the enhanced aryl migration achieved when the polarization plane coincided with the transition dipole moment leading to the excited state responsible for this migration. The spatially‐selective initial excitation therefore was overruling the electronic factors responsible for the relative ratio of the two alternative photoproducts. The experimental findings were further supported by the results of a computational study. This work showcases a new fundamental paradigm in controlling photochemical reactivity and selectivity of photoreactions.
Anisotropic Porosity and Interface Synergy Enhanced Gas Permselectivity in Heterolayer Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane
Authors: Kundu Susmita , Maity Tanmoy , Panda Suvendu , Haldar Ritesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of sustainable, carbon‐free separation technology hinges on the efficient separation of gas mixtures with high separation factors and flow rates, i. e. high permselectivity. However, achieving this objective is arduous due to the meticulous engineering at the angstrom scale and intricate chemical manipulation required to design the pores within membranes. To address this challenge, a proof‐of‐concept for an anisotropic porous membrane has been devised. Employing a meticulous step‐by‐step methodology, two distinct porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are integrated to form a monolithic anisotropic membrane. By harnessing pore anisotropy (3.4 to 6 Å) aligned with the gas permeation direction and a unique interface characterized by cross‐linked pores derived from the two distinct MOFs, this membrane transcends the performance limitations inherent in the individual MOF membranes (~45 % enhanced selectivity). This approach not only sheds light on the heterolayer membrane design strategy but also elucidates the intricate CO2/N2 permselectivity relationship inherent in the interface structure.
Enantioselective Separation and Pharmacokinetics of a Chiral 1,4‐Dihydropyrimidine Derivative in Rats: A Combined Chromatography and Docking Approach
Authors: Sri Chiriki Devi , Faizan Syed , Chandra Muttavarapu Rohit , Kumar B. R. Prashantha , Gurupadayya B. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChirality in 1,4‐Dihydropyrimidines influences their pharmacological properties and synthetic strategies. Enantiomers of chiral drugs often exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, separating and studying individual enantiomers is crucial to optimize drug efficacy and safety. Enantiomeric separation of ±4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐N‐(O‐toyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxamide (DP‐1), which is a 1,4‐Dihydropyrimidine derivative is achieved on CHIRALCEL® OD‐H column (particle size: 5 μm, inner diameter: 4.6 mm, length:150 mm), following by investigating the kinetic properties of (R) and (S) enantiomers. The separation was achieved with a mobile phase composed of 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol and 30% (v/v) n‐hexane. For the bioanalytical study, acetonitrile was used to precipitate the rat plasma samples and validated the method according to USFDA guidelines. The validated bioanalytical method was then successfully applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in biological samples. Molecular modeling techniques, specifically docking simulations, were employed to predict the elution order of DP‐1 enantiomers. The docking results revealed moderate binding interactions between the enantiomers and the chiral stationary phase (CSP), which aligns with the theoretical expectation that stronger interactions lead to longer retention times on the column.
Recurrent tick bites induce high IgG1 antibody responses to α‐Gal in sensitized and non‐sensitized forestry employees in Luxembourg
Authors: Chakrapani Neera , Swiontek Kyra , Hübschen Judith M. , Fischer Jörg , Ruiz‐Castell Maria , Codreanu‐Morel Francoise , Hannachi Farah , Morisset Martine , Ollert Markus , Kuehn Annette , Muller Claude P. , Hilger Christiane 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe α‐Gal syndrome (AGS) is characterized by the presence of specific IgE‐antibodies to the carbohydrate galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐Gal). Sensitization to α‐Gal has been associated with tick bites and individuals exposed to ticks have an elevated risk of sensitization. The aim of this study was to analyze IgG and IgE antibody responses to α‐Gal in a high‐risk cohort of forestry employees (FE) in Luxembourg.MethodsQuestionnaires and serum samples of FE from Luxembourg (n = 219) were retrospectively analyzed. α‐Gal specific IgE was quantified by ImmunoCAP, α‐Gal specific IgG and subclasses IgG1–4 were determined by ELISA. Additionally, sera from population‐based controls (n = 150) and two groups of food‐allergic patients, patients with AGS (n = 45) and fish‐allergic patients (n = 22) were assessed for IgG antibody responses to α‐Gal and cod extract.ResultsTwenty‐one percent of FE was sensitized to α‐Gal (sIgE ≥ 0.1 kUA/L). Both sensitized and non‐sensitized FE exhibited high levels of α‐Gal specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 compared with controls, indicating a stimulation of IgG responses by recurrent tick bites, independent of the sensitization status. AGS patients had the highest levels of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies, whereas the profile of fish‐allergic patients was similar to the profile of the controls for which anti‐α‐Gal responses were dominated by IgG2 antibodies. α‐Gal sIgG4 levels were either very low or undetectable in all groups.ConclusionOur study provides evidence for a continuous stimulation of α‐Gal related immune responses by repeated tick bites, translating into highly elevated levels of IgG1 antibodies directed against α‐Gal.
Female chief financial officers (CFOs) and environmental decoupling. The moderating impact of sustainability board committees
Authors: Velte Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the link between chief financial officer (CFO) gender and environmental decoupling. Moreover, the moderator effect of sustainability board committees is tested. Based on upper echelons theory, a sample of listed firms headquartered in the European Union (2312 firm‐year observations) from the business years 2017–22 is used. In line with the theoretical framework and based on correlation and regression analyses, CFO gender is significantly and negatively linked with environmental decoupling. The existence of sustainability board committees strengthens this relationship. The results are robust to various robustness tests and endogeneity checks. This study contributes to the increasing research activity on the influence of corporate governance on environmental decoupling. Future research should analyze specific environmental decoupling dimensions and the impact of other CFO characteristics (e.g., expertise) on environmental decoupling. Regarding the stakeholder concerns on corporate environmental decoupling in recent years, firms should increase the quality of their environmental reports to build up increased stakeholder relations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical study on the relationship between CFO gender and corporate environmental decoupling. Moreover, the moderator effect of sustainability board committees is included as an innovative complementary driver.
From Green to Black Gold: Highly Microporous Carbons from Pistachio Shells by a Controlled Physical Activation Process
Authors: Fernández‐Lera Ana , Casal María Dolores , Judalet Quentin , Díez Noel , Valdés‐Solís Teresa , Sevilla Marta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHighly microporous carbons with BET surface areas of up to ca. 3300 m2 g−1 and pore volumes of up to 1.6 cm3 g−1 have been successfully synthesized from pistachio shells, a waste whose generation is growing on account of the nutritive value of pistachios and the resilience of this crop to climate change. Such a high pore development has been achieved by a simple and benign CO2 physical activation process assisted by a custom pre‐treatment of the biomass. Different approaches have been explored in this work for the transformation of pistachio shells into carbon materials with diverse microstructures, mineral matter content and particle size/morphology, tuning thereby their reactivities towards CO2 and diffusion kinetics and, in this way, pore development. In particular, the most efficient route for the production of highly microporous carbons from pistachio shells involves a hydrothermal carbonization process which increases the degree of aromatization and effectively removes the mineral matter, enhancing thereby the efficiency of both carbon production and porosity generation. By increasing the activation temperature, substantial shortening of the operation time can be achieved without compromising pore development. This work provides new integral strategies towards the production of biomass‐based, CO2‐activated carbons with a focus on optimizing pore structure, minimizing energy consumption and maximizing product yield.
Rutile‐Phase Sn‐Ti Mixed Oxides as Acid Catalysts for the Condensation of C2‐C3 Oxygenated Compounds in Water
Authors: Fernández‐Arroyo A. , Domine Marcelo E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe design of new cost‐effective and water‐resistant acid catalysts is crucial for valorizing aqueous side‐streams to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of bio‐refineries in a sustainable way. In this work, Sn−Ti mixed oxides are prepared via a green and scalable co‐precipitation method. This synthesis procedure allows obtaining homogeneous rutile‐phase Sn−Ti mixed oxides with enhanced textural properties and a higher amount of Lewis acid sites. More importantly, the catalytic behavior of these Sn−Ti mixed oxides is investigated by using an aqueous mixture of C2‐C3 representative oxygenated compounds, closer to real industrial conditions and differing from usual individual probe molecules studies performed even in the absence of water. Catalytic experiments combined and correlated with spectroscopic measurements (i. e., XRD, TEM, FT‐IR with pyridine adsorption‐desorption and N2 adsorption) are performed to better understand the properties of different Sn−Ti catalysts. These materials show promising results in the condensation of light oxygenated compounds present in aqueous fractions. Homogeneous and robust rutile‐phase structures with inherent hydrophobic characteristics turn these Sn−Ti materials into active and highly resistant catalysts capable to transform these low‐value oxygenated compounds into a mixture of hydrocarbons and aromatics useful for blending with automotive fuels, especially under complex acidic aqueous environments and moderate process conditions.
Treatment Targets and Strategies for Eating Disorders Recovery: A Delphi Consensus With Lived Experience, Carers, Researchers, and Clinicians
Authors: Hanegraaf Lauren , Anderson Alexandra , Neill Erica , Giddens Emily , Boon Evelyn , Bryant Emma , Calvert Shannon , Carroll Bronwyn , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Ikin Sam , Luna Maya , Mitchell Fiona , Murphy Rebecca , Phillipou Andrea , Robinson Julian , Wierenga Christina , Wilksch Simon , Maguire Sarah , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveLong‐term recovery rates following eating disorders (EDs) treatment remain low. This might be partly due to a lack of agreement between key stakeholder groups, including people with lived experience, carers, clinicians, and researchers, regarding optimal therapeutic targets and strategies. We aimed to reach a consensus across these diverse groups on the most valued treatment targets and strategies for fostering ED recovery.MethodWe used the Delphi method with two phases: (i) Survey development and (ii) Expert rating. The survey development phase included the design of an initial set of items through scoping review and feedback from a committee of 14 experts. During the survey rating, we engaged a larger panel of 185 experts who comprised the stakeholder groups: Individuals with lived ED experience (n = 49), carers (n = 44), researchers (n = 46), and clinicians (n = 46).ResultsThirty‐one targets and 29 strategies reached consensus (> 70% agreement over three rounds). Psychological‐emotional–social targets including quality of life, sense of purpose, and emotion regulation, along with ED behaviors, reached the highest agreement (> 90%). Strategies reflecting an individualized approach to treatment (i.e., considering diversity, assessing comorbidities, and enhancing rapport) achieved the highest agreement (> 90%). Responses across groups were similar, except researchers leaning more towards consideration of weight‐ and eating‐related targets.DiscussionHolistic targets and individualized therapeutic strategies have consistent support from the different stakeholder groups involved in ED treatment. The agreed set of targets/strategies may be used, in triangulation with other sources of evidence, to design and evaluate coproduced and personalized interventions.
Ecometrics demonstrates that the functional dental traits of carnivoran communities are filtered by climate
Authors: Siciliano‐Martina Leila , McGuire Jenny L. , Hurtado‐Materon Maria A. , Short Rachel A. , Lauer Daniel A. , Schap Julia A. , Müller Johannes , Manthi Fredrick K. , Head Jason J. , Lawing A. Michelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTerrestrial carnivorans, with their diverse diets and unique adaptations such as the carnassial tooth, offer insights into the connections between functional traits and the climatic and environmental conditions they inhabit. They shed light on functional trait‐environment relationships at the highest trophic levels across a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between relative blade length (RBL) of the lower carnassial tooth, a key dietary adaptation among terrestrial carnivorans for slicing and grinding food items, and climate. We propose RBL as an ecometric trait and test the hypothesis that community‐level RBL is correlated with climate and mediated by environmental effects on food availability. Our findings show that communities with higher mean and broader variance of RBL are typically located in warmer and wetter climates, suggesting a relationship between carnivoran dietary diversity and climate. Conversely, communities with a lower mean and narrower variance of RBL predominantly occupy cooler, drier places. This indicates that community‐level carnivoran dietary traits have the potential to serve as indicators of environmental conditions. Given the robust fossil record associated with carnivorans, we also show how RBL can be used as a proxy for reconstructing paleoclimates by examining trait change at seven sites in North America to estimate changes in temperature and precipitation over time in relation to changes in carnivoran community assembly. Understanding the nature of trait‐environment relationships can help us anticipate biological impacts of ongoing environmental change and the geographic regions at the greatest risk of ecological disruption.
Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues
Authors: Pilliod David S. , Jeffries Michelle I. , Arkle Robert S. , Olson Deanna H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe assessed changes in fundamental climate‐niche space for lizard and snake species in western North America under modeled climate scenarios to inform natural resource managers of possible shifts in species distributions. We generated eight distribution models for each of 130 snake and lizard species in western North America under six time‐by‐climate scenarios. We combined the highest‐performing models per species into a single ensemble model for each scenario. Maps were generated from the ensemble models to depict climate‐niche space for each species and scenario. Patterns of species richness based on climate suitability and niche shifts were calculated from the projections at the scale of the entire study area and individual states and provinces, from Canada to Mexico. Squamate species' climate‐niche space for the recent‐time climate scenario and published known ranges were highly correlated (r = 0.81). Overall, reptile climate‐niche space was projected to move northward in the future. Sixty‐eight percent of species were projected to expand their current climate‐niche space rather than to shift, contract, or remain stable. Only 8.5% of species were projected to lose climate‐niche space in the future, and these species primarily occurred in Mexico and the southwestern U.S. We found few species were projected to lose all suitable climate‐niche space at the state or province level, although species were often predicted to occupy novel areas, such as at higher elevations. Most squamate species were projected to increase their climate‐niche space in future climate scenarios. As climate niches move northward, species are predicted to cross administrative borders, resulting in novel conservation issues for local landowners and natural resource agencies. However, information on species dispersal abilities, landscape connectivity, biophysical tolerances, and habitat suitability is needed to contextualize predictions relative to realized future niche expansions.
Centurial Variation in Size at Maturity of Eastern Baltic Cod (Gadus morhua) Mirrors Conditions for Growth
Authors: Svedäng Henrik , Hornborg Sara , Grimvall Anders 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe status of Eastern Baltic cod (EBC) Gadus morhua has remained poor despite low fishing mortality for over a decade, including a fishing ban since 2019. Although the decline in productivity can be explained by lower individual growth and survival rates, other aspects of life‐history changes such as maturation patterns for EBC has so far not been sufficiently explored. According to current stock assessments, the median size at maturity (L50) has halved from 40 to around 20 cm in total length since the 1990s, while the overall size distribution has become increasingly truncated. It has previously been suggested that changes in L50 can be attributed to both fishing‐induced evolution and phenotypic plasticity induced by growth rates. However, since L50 is currently occurring around 20 cm, the maturation process must have been initiated at much smaller sizes, that is, long before the fish could be caught in the dominant trawl fishery at around 35 cm. In this study, we aimed to further investigate what drivers may have led to reduced productivity in EBC by determining variations in size at sexual maturity in longer time series than has been done before (1930s to 1980s) and include prey productivity and quality. We found that L50 declined already in the 1930s and thereafter remained stable at around 40 cm up to the 1990s. On a centurial perspective, L50 has been positively correlated to growth potential (L95), length diversity, total stock biomass, total catch and yield per recruit, while Fulton's condition factor was not related to L50. Our results suggest that the links between life‐history parameters and external drivers are complex, but the present unprecedented early onset of maturity and hence decline in L50 since the 1990s signals a decline in growth potential, which also has hampered the productivity of EBC.
Urbanization drives partner switching and loss of mutualism in an ant–plant symbiosis
Authors: Youngsteadt Elsa , Prado Sara Guiti , Duran Aquino Alexandra Karlyz , Peña Valdeiglesias Joel , Gonzales Ojeda Therany , Garate Quispe Jorge Santiago 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMutualistic interactions between species underpin biodiversity and ecosystem function, but may be lost when partners respond differently to abiotic conditions. Except for a few prominent examples, effects of global anthropogenic change on mutualisms are poorly understood. Here we assess the effects of urbanization on a symbiosis in which the plant Cordia nodosa house ants in hollow structures (domatia) in exchange for defense against herbivores. We expected to find that mutualist ants would be replaced in the city by heat‐tolerant opportunists, leaving urban plants vulnerable to herbivory. In five protected forest sites and five urban forest fragments in southeast Perú, we recorded the identity and heat tolerance (CTmax) of ant residents of C. nodosa. We also assayed their plant‐defensive behaviors and their effects on herbivory. We characterized the urban heat‐island effect in ambient temperatures and within domatia. Forest plants housed a consistent ant community dominated by three specialized plant ants, whereas urban plants housed a suite of 10 opportunistic taxa that were, collectively, about 13 times less likely than forest ants to respond defensively to plant disturbance. In the forest, ant exclusion had the expected effect of increasing herbivory, but in urban sites, exclusion reduced herbivory. Despite poor ant defense in urban sites, we detected no difference in total standing herbivory, perhaps because herbivores themselves also declined in the city. Urban sites were warmer than forest sites (daily maxima in urban domatia averaged 1.6°C hotter), and the urban ant community as a whole was slightly more heat tolerant. These results illustrate a case of mutualism loss associated with anthropogenic disturbance. If urbanization is representative of increasing anthropogenic stressors more broadly, we might expect to see destabilization of myrmecophytic mutualisms in forest ecosystems in the future.
Multifunctional Copper Sulfide Urchin‐Like Nanostructures for Adsorption and Photocatalysis of Water Contaminants
Authors: Lopes Joana L. , Estrada Ana C. , Trindade Tito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe reported here a one‐step chemical route to prepare nanocomposites comprising CuS nanophases supported on GO sheets with magnetic properties. The synthesis reported here combines such materials in single‐nanostructures that show morphological features well‐suited for wastewater treatment. The photocatalytic performance of CuS/GO nanocomposites was first investigated towards the removal of a common organic dye (rhodamine B) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), which is an antibiotic considered a water contaminant of emerging concern. The RhB and SMX adsorption efficiency of CuS/GO and Fe3O4/GO/CuS hybrids, as well as of CuS particles, was significantly higher than GO or Fe3O4/GO. Overall, the CuS‐based magnetic and CuS/GO hybrids have shown the capacity to uptake more than 80 % of RhB or SMX, after 120 minutes. Under blue‐led irradiation, almost complete degradation of RhB was achieved in the presence of CuS/Fe3O4/GO, after 180 minutes; and higher than 85 % degradation of SMX, after 240 minutes of irradiation. The photocatalytic behaviour of nanocomposites was best described by the first–order kinetic model, for which k values for degradation of RhB and SMX followed the order: CuS/Fe3O4/GO>CuS/GO>CuS. The tricomponent CuS/Fe3O4/GO can be easily recovered after use and be reused maintain their high photocatalytic performance, thus providing a sustainable and cost‐effective hybrid solution for water treatment.