bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality outcomes for Chinese and Japanese immigrants in the USA and countries of origin (Hong Kong, Japan): a comparative analysis using national mortality records from 2003 to 2011
Authors: Hastings Katherine G , Eggleston Karen , Boothroyd Derek , Kapphahn Kristopher I , Cullen Mark R , Barry Michele , Palaniappan Latha P 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundWith immigration and minority populations rapidly growing in the USA, it is critical to assess how these populations fare after immigration, and in subsequent generations. Our aim is to compare death rates and cause of death across foreign-born, US-born and country of origin Chinese and Japanese populations.MethodsWe analysed all-cause and cause-specific age-standardised mortality rates and trends using 2003–2011 US death record data for Chinese and Japanese decedents aged 25 or older by nativity status and sex, and used the WHO Mortality Database for Hong Kong and Japan decedents in the same years. Characteristics such as age at death, absolute number of deaths by cause and educational attainment were also reported.ResultsWe examined a total of 10 458 849 deaths. All-cause mortality was highest in Hong Kong and Japan, intermediate for foreign-born, and lowest for US-born decedents. Improved mortality outcomes and higher educational attainment among foreign-born were observed compared with developed Asia counterparts. Lower rates in US-born decedents were due to decreased cancer and communicable disease mortality rates in the US heart disease mortality was either similar or slightly higher among Chinese-Americans and Japanese-Americans compared with those in developed Asia counterparts.ConclusionsMortality advantages in the USA were largely due to improvements in cancer and communicable disease mortality outcomes. Mortality advantages and higher educational attainments for foreign-born populations compared with developed Asia counterparts may suggest selective migration. Findings add to our limited understanding of the racial and environmental contributions to immigrant health disparities.
Cohort profile: Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London: the ENABLE London—Olympic Park cohort
Authors: Ram Bina , Nightingale Claire M , Hudda Mohammed T , Kapetanakis Venediktos V , Ellaway Anne , Cooper Ashley R , Page Angie , Lewis Daniel , Cummins Steven , Giles-Corti Billie , Whincup Peter H , Cook Derek G , Rudnicka Alicja R , Owen Christopher G 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe Examining Neighbourhood Activities in Built Living Environments in London (ENABLE London) project is a natural experiment which aims to establish whether physical activity and other health behaviours show sustained changes among individuals and families relocating to East Village (formerly the London 2012 Olympics Athletes' Village), when compared with a control population living outside East Village throughout.ParticipantsBetween January 2013 and December 2015, 1497 individuals from 1006 households were recruited and assessed (at baseline) (including 392 households seeking social housing, 421 seeking intermediate and 193 seeking market rent homes). The 2-year follow-up rate is 62% of households to date, of which 57% have moved to East Village.Findings to dateAssessments of physical activity (measured objectively using accelerometers) combined with Global Positioning System technology and Geographic Information System mapping of the local area are being used to characterise physical activity patterns and location among study participants and assess the attributes of the environments to which they are exposed. Assessments of body composition, based on weight, height and bioelectrical impedance, have been made and detailed participant questionnaires provide information on socioeconomic position, general health/health status, well-being, anxiety, depression, attitudes to leisure time activities and other personal, social and environmental influences on physical activity, including the use of recreational space and facilities in their residential neighbourhood.Future plansThe main analyses will examine the changes in physical activity, health and well-being observed in the East Village group compared with controls and the influence of specific elements of the built environment on observed changes. The ENABLE London project exploits a unique opportunity to evaluate a ‘natural experiment’, provided by the building and rapid occupation of East Village. Findings from the study will be generalisable to other urban residential housing developments, and will help inform future evidence-based urban planning.
Impact of providing case-specific knowledge in simulation: a theory based study of learning
Authors: Cox Jocelyn , McGregor Marion , Giuliano Dominic , Howard Loretta 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundSimulation-based education (SBE) has been lauded for its ability to help students recognise and react appropriately to common and rare circumstances. While healthcare professions have started to implement SBE into their curriculum, there is no evidence to suggest which educational theory is best for implementation. This study explores the usage of cognitive load theory (CLT) and the unified theory of emotional learning (UTEL).Study designA mixed methods ordered-allocation cohort study.Methods23 patient management teams were allocated into 2 groups. The first group received prior information about the simulation scenario; the second group did not. Each team had 1 student assigned to the role of doctor. The scenarios were filmed at time 1 (T1), time 2 (T2) and follow-up (F/U). The ‘doctor’ role was then graded with a validated checklist by a three-judge panel. The scores were evaluated to determine if prior information enabled better performance. Secondary analysis evaluated the role of gender on performance and also evaluated anxiety at the onset of the simulation.Results23 doctors were evaluated. There was no difference between groups in performance (t=1.54, p=0.13). Secondary analysis indicated that gender did not play a role. There was no difference in anxiety between groups at baseline (t=0.67, p=0.51).ConclusionsTrends were observed, suggesting that when students enter a simulation environment with prior knowledge of the event they will encounter, their performance may be higher. No differences were observed in performance at T2 or F/U. Withholding information appeared to be an inappropriate proxy for emotional learning as no difference in anxiety was observed between groups at baseline. All trends require confirmation with a larger sample size.
Phospholipase D1 Acts through Akt/TopBP1 and RB1 to Regulate the E2F1-Dependent Apoptotic Program in Cancer Cells
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Lee Shin Wha , Hwang Won Chan , Lee Bo Hui , Choi Yong-Seok , Suh Young-Ah , Choi Kang-Yell , Min Do Sik 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The RB1/E2F1 signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in colorectal cancer and has been suggested to intersect with Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways, but molecular evidence for this link is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that phospholipase D1 (PLD1), a transcriptional target of β-catenin/TCF4, orchestrates functional interactions between these pathways during intestinal tumor development. Overexpression of PLD1 in intestinal epithelial cells protected cells from apoptosis induced by PLD1 ablation in the Apcmin/+ mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that genetic and pharmacologic targeting of PLD1 promote the E2F1-dependent apoptotic program via both miR-192/4465–mediated downregulation of RB1 and inhibition of Akt–TopBP1 pathways. Moreover, the miRNA–RB1 axis and Akt pathway also contributed to the PLD1-mediated self-renewal capacity of colon cancer–initiating cells. Finally, PLD1-driven E2F1 target gene expression positively correlated with tumor stage in patients with colorectal cancer. Overall, our findings suggest that PLD1 mediates cross-talk between multiple major signaling pathways to promote the survival and malignancy of colon cancer cells and may therefore represent an ideal signaling node for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res; 77(1); 142–52. ©2016 AACR.
Enhanced Detection of Cancer Biomarkers in Blood-Borne Extracellular Vesicles Using Nanodroplets and Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Paproski Robert J. , Jovel Juan , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Lewis John D. , Zemp Roger J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The feasibility of personalized medicine approaches will be greatly improved by the development of noninvasive methods to interrogate tumor biology. Extracellular vesicles shed by solid tumors into the bloodstream have been under recent investigation as a source of tumor-derived biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids. We report here an approach using submicrometer perfluorobutane nanodroplets and focused ultrasound to enhance the release of extracellular vesicles from specific locations in tumors into the blood. The released extracellular vesicles were enumerated and characterized using micro flow cytometry. Only in the presence of nanodroplets could ultrasound release appreciable levels of tumor-derived vesicles into the blood. Sonication of HT1080-GFP tumors did not increase the number of circulating tumor cells or the metastatic burden in the tumor-bearing embryos. A variety of biological molecules were successfully detected in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, including cancer-associated proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. Sonication of xenograft HT1080 fibrosarcoma tumors released extracellular vesicles that contained detectable RAC1 mRNA with the highly tumorigenic N92I mutation known to exist in HT1080 cells. Deep sequencing serum samples of embryos with sonicated tumors allowed the identification of an additional 13 known heterozygous mutations in HT1080 cells. Applying ultrasound to HT1080 tumors increased tumor-derived DNA in the serum by two orders of magnitude. This work is the first demonstration of enhanced extracellular vesicle release by ultrasound stimulation and suggests that nanodroplets/ultrasound offers promise for genetic profiling of tumor phenotype and aggressiveness by stimulating the release of extracellular vesicles. Cancer Res; 77(1); 3–13. ©2016 AACR.
DNA Repair Capacity in Multiple Pathways Predicts Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Nagel Zachary D. , Kitange Gaspar J. , Gupta Shiv K. , Joughin Brian A. , Chaim Isaac A. , Mazzucato Patrizia , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Samson Leona D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCancer cells can resist the effects of DNA-damaging therapeutic agents via utilization of DNA repair pathways, suggesting that DNA repair capacity (DRC) measurements in cancer cells could be used to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment. However, the limitations of available technologies have so far precluded adoption of this approach in the clinic. We recently developed fluorescence-based multiplexed host cell reactivation (FM-HCR) assays to measure DRC in multiple pathways. Here we apply a mathematical model that uses DRC in multiple pathways to predict cellular resistance to killing by DNA-damaging agents. This model, developed using FM-HCR and drug sensitivity measurements in 24 human lymphoblastoid cell lines, was applied to a panel of 12 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of glioblastoma to predict glioblastoma response to treatment with the chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agent temozolomide. This work showed that, in addition to changes in O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, small changes in mismatch repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and homologous recombination (HR) capacity contributed to acquired temozolomide resistance in PDX models and led to reduced relative survival prolongation following temozolomide treatment of orthotopic mouse models in vivo. Our data indicate that measuring the combined status of MMR, HR, NER, and MGMT provided a more robust prediction of temozolomide resistance than assessments of MGMT activity alone. Cancer Res; 77(1); 198–206. ©2016 AACR.
Identifying Patients at Risk for Prehospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest at the Early Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karam Nicole , Bataille Sophie , Marijon Eloi , Giovannetti Olivier , Tafflet Muriel , Savary Dominique , Benamer Hakim , Caussin Christophe , Garot Philippe , Juliard Jean-Michel , Pires Virginie , Boche Thévy , Dupas François , Le Bail Gaelle , Lamhaut Lionel , Laborne François , Lefort Hugues , Mapouata Mireille , Lapostolle Frederic , Spaulding Christian , Empana Jean-Philippe , Jouven Xavier , Lambert Yves 
Published: October 2016

Background:
In-hospital mortality of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has decreased drastically. In contrast, prehospital mortality from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains high and difficult to reduce. Identification of the patients with STEMI at higher risk for prehospital SCA could facilitate rapid triage and intervention in the field.

Methods:
Using a prospective, population-based study evaluating all patients with STEMI managed by emergency medical services in the greater Paris area (11.7 million inhabitants) between 2006 and 2010, we identified characteristics associated with an increased risk of prehospital SCA and used these variables to build an SCA prediction score, which we validated internally and externally.

Results:

In the overall STEMI population (n=8112; median age, 60 years; 78% male), SCA occurred in 452 patients (5.6%). In multivariate analysis, younger age, absence of obesity, absence of diabetes mellitus, shortness of breath, and a short delay between pain onset and call to emergency medical services were the main predictors of SCA. A score built from these variables predicted SCA, with the risk increasing 2-fold in patients with a score between 10 and 19, 4-fold in those with a score between 20 and 29, and >18-fold in patients with a score ≥30 compared with those with scores <10. The SCA rate was 28.9% in patients with a score ≥30 compared with 1.6% in patients with a score ≤9 (
P
for trend <0.001). The area under the curve values were 0.7033 in the internal validation sample and 0.6031 in the external validation sample. Sensitivity and specificity varied between 96.9% and 10.5% for scores ≥10 and between 18.0% and 97.6% for scores ≥30, with scores between 20 and 29 achieving the best sensitivity and specificity (65.4% and 62.6%, respectively).

Conclusions:
At the early phase of STEMI, the risk of prehospital SCA can be determined through a simple score of 5 routinely assessed predictors. This score might help optimize the dispatching and management of patients with STEMI by emergency medical services.
Partnership in research
Authors: Gélinas Isabelle 
Published: October 2016

Background. Partnerships in occupational therapy between practitioners and researchers are important to advance knowledge relevant to clinical practice and support evidence-based practice in the profession. Purpose. This Muriel Driver lecture discusses why we should support practitioners’ engagement in research and examines essential conditions required for successful collaborative partnerships in research. Key Issues. Collaborative partnerships can alleviate the challenges preventing practitioners from participating in research and ensure that research initiatives are more relevant to clinical practice. Key factors for building and sustaining meaningful partnerships include the presence of favourable pre-partnership conditions related to the context and the use of guiding principles focusing on vision, values, trust, communication, power sharing, and interactions. Implications. Several of the factors found to foster a good collaborative partnership are consistent with our core competency roles and reflect our professional values. Being mindful of these factors when initiating research collaborations would increase the likelihood of success.
Quantifying the performance of a passive deaerator in a gas-fired closed loop domestic wet central heating system
Authors: Johnston David , Glew David , Miles-Shenton Dominic , Benjaber Moaad , Fitton Richard 
Published: October 2016

In the UK, approximately 16% of the energy use can be attributed to domestic wet central heating systems. Government financial support and advances in technology have led to boilers becoming more efficient and a range of technologies are now available that claim to be able to improve the efficiency of domestic wet central heating systems. One such low cost technology is a passive deaerator. This article presents the results obtained from installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a gas-fired wet central heating system, under controlled conditions in the Salford Energy House. The results indicate that although marginally less heat output was required from the boiler when the passive deaerator was operating, these savings are more or less out weighted by the boiler short cycling more frequently. Consequently, the overall reduction is gas consumption achieved by utilising the passive deaerator device is only of the order of 0.5%; this scale of savings may just be a consequence of measurement noise. The implications are that although a marginal benefit may be attributed to these products, if short cycling takes place, then these savings may become insignificant. Practical application: This article describes a test method that has been used to quantify the energy savings that could be achieved by installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a wet central heating system. Although the results indicate that the energy savings associated with using such a device are likely to be marginal, the test method described could be used to test a range of other devices that claim to improve the performance of domestic wet central heating systems, to directly compare before and after performance.
Effect of contrast dose in the quantification of myocardial extra-cellular volume in adenosine stress/rest perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance examinations
Authors: Caballeros Meylin , Bartolomé Pablo , Fernández González Óscar , Greiser Andreas , García del Barrio Loreto , Pueyo Jesús , Bastarrika Gorka 
Published: October 2016

Background Diffuse myocardial fibrosis can be quantified by calculating extra-cellular volume (ECV) from native and post-contrast T1 values using dedicated single bolus contrast medium injection protocols. Purpose To evaluate differences in T1 maps and myocardial ECV measurements in routine stress/rest perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations after injection of single and double dose of contrast medium. Material and Methods Thirty-seven consecutive patients (30 men; mean age, 62 ± 13 years) underwent clinically indicated adenosine stress/rest perfusion CMR examination to rule out myocardial ischemia following a conventional split-dose contrast medium injection strategy. Native and post-contrast T1 mapping was performed 15 min after the first (0.1 mmol/kg) and second (0.1 mmol/kg) dose of contrast medium using a breath-held Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence. Student’s t-test for paired samples, Bland–Altman plots, and concordance-correlation coefficients (CCC) for agreement between T1 and ECV calculations after single and double dose of contrast medium were calculated. Intra- and inter-observer agreement for measurements was also analyzed. Results Myocardial T1 values after single and double dose of contrast medium significantly differed (mean difference of 114.1 ± 19.9 ms, P < 0.01). A single dose of contrast agent provided slightly higher ECV values (mean difference of 2.3 ± 1.1%). CCC for ECV calculations was 0.66. Intra- and inter-observer agreement for all measurements was excellent (CCC ≥ 0.83). Conclusion Quantification of myocardial ECV on conventional stress/rest perfusion CMR examination is feasible. T1 maps obtained 15 min after 0.1 mmol/kg of contrast medium provide slightly higher myocardial T1 measurements and ECV values compared with T1 maps obtained after a total dose of 0.2 mmol/kg.
Biomechanical Effects of an Injury Prevention Program in Preadolescent Female Soccer Athletes
Authors: Thompson Julie A. , Tran Andrew A. , Gatewood Corey T. , Shultz Rebecca , Silder Amy , Delp Scott L. , Dragoo Jason L. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, and children as young as 10 years of age exhibit movement patterns associated with an ACL injury risk. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce injury rates, but the mechanisms behind these programs are largely unknown. Few studies have investigated biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs in children. Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate the effects of the F-MARC 11+ injury prevention warm-up program on changes to biomechanical risk factors for an ACL injury in preadolescent female soccer players. We hypothesized that the primary ACL injury risk factor of peak knee valgus moment would improve after training. In addition, we explored other kinematic and kinetic variables associated with ACL injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 51 female athletes aged 10 to 12 years were recruited from soccer clubs and were placed into an intervention group (n = 28; mean [±SD] age, 11.8 ± 0.8 years) and a control group (n = 23; mean age, 11.2 ± 0.6 years). The intervention group participated in 15 in-season sessions of the F-MARC 11+ program (2 times/wk). Pre- and postseason motion capture data were collected during preplanned cutting, unanticipated cutting, double-leg jump, and single-leg jump tasks. Lower extremity joint angles and moments were estimated using OpenSim, a biomechanical modeling system. Results: Athletes in the intervention group reduced their peak knee valgus moment compared with the control group during the double-leg jump (mean [±standard error of the mean] pre- to posttest change, –0.57 ± 0.27 %BW×HT vs 0.25 ± 0.25 %BW×HT, respectively; P = .034). No significant differences in the change in peak knee valgus moment were found between the groups for any other activity; however, the intervention group displayed a significant pre- to posttest increase in peak knee valgus moment during unanticipated cutting ( P = .044). Additional analyses revealed an improvement in peak ankle eversion moment after training during preplanned cutting ( P = .015), unanticipated cutting ( P = .004), and the double-leg jump ( P = .016) compared with the control group. Other secondary risk factors did not significantly improve after training, although the peak knee valgus angle improved in the control group compared with the intervention group during unanticipated cutting ( P = .018). Conclusion: The F-MARC 11+ program may be effective in improving some risk factors for an ACL injury during a double-leg jump in preadolescent athletes, most notably by reducing peak knee valgus moment. Clinical Relevance: This study provides motivation for enhancing injury prevention programs to produce improvement in other ACL risk factors, particularly during cutting and single-leg tasks.