bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin in animal models of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Peñagarikano Olga 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder is a behavioral disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication together with the presence of stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Although highly genetic, its etiology is complex which correlates with the extensive heterogeneity found in its clinical manifestation, adding to the challenge of understanding its pathophysiology and develop targeted pharmacotherapies. The neuropeptide oxytocin is part of a highly conserved system involved in the regulation of social behavior, and both animal and human research have shown that variation in the oxytocin system accounts for interindividual differences in the expression of social behaviors in mammals. In autism, recent studies in human patients and animal models are starting to reveal that alterations in the oxytocin system are more common than previously anticipated. Genetic variation in the key players involved in the system (i.e., oxytocin receptor, oxytocin, and CD38) has been found associated with autism in humans, and animal models of the disorder converge in an altered oxytocin system and/or dysfunction in oxytocin related biological processes. Furthermore, oxytocin administration exerts a behavioral and neurobiological response, and thus, the oxytocin system has become a promising potential therapeutical target for autism. Animal models represent a valuable tool to aid in the research into the potential therapeutic use of oxytocin. In this review, I aim to discuss the main findings related to oxytocin research in autism with a focus on findings in animal models. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 202–213, 2017
Inferring the timing of long‐distance dispersal between Rail metapopulations using genetic and isotopic assignments
Authors: Hall Laurie A. , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe stochastic and infrequent nature of long‐distance dispersal often makes it difficult to detect. We quantified the frequency, distance, and timing of long‐distance dispersal in a nonmigratory, secretive wetland bird, the California Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus), between an inland and a coastal metapopulation separated by greater than 100 km. Using 15 microsatellites in conjunction with stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes, we classified Rails as residents of their capture population, recent migrants that dispersed to their capture population less than one year before capture, established migrants that dispersed to their capture population more than one year before capture, and seasonal migrants that dispersed away from their capture population to forage, but returned the next season. Most Rails (195 of 204, or 95.6%) were classified as residents, but we detected two established migrants that had moved >100 km more than a year before capture. Seven Rails appeared to be seasonal migrants, but comparisons of feather isotope values with isotope values from wetland soils indicated that the isotope values in the feathers of these Rails likely resulted from natural environmental variation (e.g., source element effects) rather than long‐distance dispersal of individuals. Thus, these seven Rails were most likely misassigned by isotopic population assignments due to small‐scale variation in the isoscape. Using genetic data in conjunction with isotopic data allowed us to not only infer the timing of long‐distance dispersal events, but to successfully track long‐distance movements of nonmigratory Rails between metapopulations even when environmental variation of isotopes occurred across small spatial scales.
SHP1‐ing thymic selection
Authors: Gascoigne Nicholas R.J. , Brzostek Joanna , Mehta Monika , Acuto Oreste 
Published: September 2016

Thymocyte development and maintenance of peripheral T‐cell numbers and functions are critically dependent on T‐cell receptor (TCR) signal strength. SHP1 (Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase‐1), a tyrosine phosphatase, acts as a negative regulator of TCR signal strength. Moreover, germline SHP1 knockout mice have shown impaired thymic development. However, this has been recently questioned by an analysis of SHP1 conditional knockout mice, which reported normal thymic development of SHP1 deficient thymocytes. Using this SHP1 conditional knockout mice, in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Martinez et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 2103–2110] show that SHP1 indeed does have a role in the negative regulation of TCR signal strength in positively selected thymocytes, and in the final maturation of single positive thymocytes. They report that thymocyte development in such mice shows loss of mature, post‐selection cells. This is due to increased TCR signal transduction in thymocytes immediately post positive‐selection, and increased cell death in response to weak TCR ligands. Thus, SHP1‐deficiency shows strong similarities to deficiency in the T‐cell specific SHP1‐associated protein Themis.
Intensified design of experiments for upstream bioreactors
Authors: von Stosch Moritz , Willis Mark J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStatistical Design of Experiments (DoE) is a widely adopted methodology in upstream bioprocess development (and generally across industries) to obtain experimental data from which the impact of independent variables (factors) on the process response can be inferred. In this work, a method is proposed that reduces the total number of experiments suggested by a traditional DoE. The method allows the evaluation of several DoE combinations to be compressed into a reduced number of experiments, which is referred to as intensified Design of Experiments (iDoE). In this paper, the iDoE is used to develop a dynamic hybrid model (consisting of differential equations and a feedforward artificial neural network) for data generated from a simulated Escherichia coli fermentation. For the case study presented, the results suggest that the total number of experiments could be reduced by about 40% when compared to traditional DoE. An additional benefit is the simultaneous development of an appropriate dynamic model which can be used in both, process optimization and control studies.
CATEGORICAL DIAGNOSIS OF EXTREME HYPERACTIVITY, IMPULSIVITY, AND INATTENTION IN VERY YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Gleason Mary Margaret , Humphreys Kathryn L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSevere hyperactivity and impulsivity are common reasons for referral to infant mental health services. Past versions of ZERO TO THREE's () diagnostic nosology, the Diagnostic Classification of Mental and Developmental Disorders in Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0–3), did not address this clinical issue because it had been addressed in other nosologies. These general diagnostic nosologies describe attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with little attention to developmentally specific aspects of the diagnosis in very young children. Categorical diagnosis related to hyperactivity and impulsivity in very young children warrants careful review of existing literature. Explicit attention must be paid to ensure that categorical diagnoses serve to describe syndromes that cause significant impairment to the family to allow children and families to access effective supports and ensure that behaviors typical of the developmental level are not described as pathologic. This article reviews proposed diagnostic criteria for ADHD and overactivity disorder of toddlerhood as well as the rationale for the criteria and evidence supporting validity and reliability of the diagnoses in very young children. Clinical implications also are presented.
Economic Transition and Growth: A Replication
Authors: Schnurbus Joachim , Haupt Harry , Meier Verena 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPhillips and Sul (Journal of Applied Econometrics 2009, 24, 1153–1185) provide an algorithm to identify convergence clubs in a dynamic factor model of economic transition and growth. We provide a narrow replication of their key results, using the open source R software instead of the original GAUSS routines. We are able to exactly replicate their results on convergence clubs, corresponding point estimates and standard errors. We comment on minor differences between their reported results and their clustering algorithm. We propose simple adjustments of the original algorithm to make manual intervention unnecessary. The adjustments allow automated application of the algorithm to other data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular responses of osteoblast‐like cells to 17 elemental metals
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Wong Cynthia S , Wen Cuie , Li Yuncang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractElemental metals have been widely used to alloy metallic orthopedic implants. However, there is still insufficient research data elucidating the cell responses of osteoblastic cells to alloying elemental metals, which impedes the development of new metallic implant materials. In this study, the cellular responses of osteoblast‐like cells (SaOS2) to 17 pure alloying elemental metals, that is, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and tin (Sn) were comparatively investigated in vitro. Cellular responses including intracellular total protein synthesis and collagen content, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on these elemental metals were systematically assessed and compared. It was found that these elemental metals could be categorized into three groups based on the cellular functions on them. Group 1, including Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ru, and Si, showed excellent cell proliferation and varied ALP activity for SaOS2 cells. Cells exposed to Group 2, including Mo and Sn, although initially attached and grew, did not proliferate over time. In contrast, Group 3, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, showed severe cytotoxicity toward SaOS2 cells. It is vital to consider the cell responses to the elemental metals when designing a new metallic implant material and the findings of this study provide insights into the biological performance of the elemental metals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 148–158, 2017.
Sol–gel derived bioactive coating on zirconia: Effect on flexural strength and cell proliferation
Authors: Shahramian Khalil , Leminen Heidi , Meretoja Ville , Linderbäck Paula , Kangasniemi Ilkka , Lassila Lippo , Abdulmajeed Aous , Närhi Timo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sol–gel derived bioactive coatings on the biaxial flexural strength and fibroblast proliferation of zirconia, aimed to be used as an implant abutment material. Yttrium stabilized zirconia disc‐shaped specimens were cut, ground, sintered, and finally cleansed ultrasonically in each of acetone and ethanol for 5 minutes. Three experimental groups (n = 15) were fabricated, zirconia with sol–gel derived titania (TiO2) coating, zirconia with sol–gel derived zirconia (ZrO2) coating, and non‐coated zirconia as a control. The surfaces of the specimens were analyzed through images taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a non‐contact tapping mode atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to record the surface topography and roughness of the coated specimens. Biaxial flexural strength values were determined using the piston‐on‐three ball technique. Human gingival fibroblast proliferation on the surface of the specimens was evaluated using AlamarBlue assay™. Data were analyzed using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test. Additionally, the biaxial flexural strength data was also statistically analyzed with the Weibull distribution. The biaxial flexural strength of zirconia specimens was unaffected (p > 0.05). Weibull modulus of TiO2 coated and ZrO2 coated groups (5.7 and 5.4, respectively) were lower than the control (8.0). Specimens coated with ZrO2 showed significantly lower fibroblast proliferation compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sol–gel derived coatings have no influence on the flexural strength of zirconia. ZrO2 coated specimens showed significantly lower cell proliferation after 12 days than TiO2 coated or non‐coated control. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2401–2407, 2017.
Synonymous Mutations Add a Layer of Complexity in the Diagnosis of Human Osteopetrosis
Authors: Palagano Eleonora , Susani Lucia , Menale Ciro , Ramenghi Ugo , Berger Massimo , Uva Paolo , Oppo Manuela , Vezzoni Paolo , Villa Anna , Sobacchi Cristina 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Autosomal recessive osteopetroses (AROs) are rare, genetically heterogeneous skeletal diseases with increased bone density that are often lethal if left untreated. A precise molecular classification is relevant for the patient's management, because in some subgroups hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is the only curative therapy, is contraindicated. In two unrelated ARO patients, the molecular analysis revealed the presence of a synonymous variant in known ARO genes, namely in the TCIRG1 gene in one patient and in the CLCN7 in the other patient, predicted to impact on the splicing process. In the latter case, sequencing of the transcript confirmed the splicing defect, whereas in the former, for whom an RNA sample was not available, the defect was reconstructed in vitro by the minigene technology. These results strongly suggest that these synonymous changes were responsible for the disease in our patients. Our findings are novel with respect to ARO and add to the few reports in literature dealing with different diseases, underlining the importance of cDNA analysis for the correct assessment of exonic changes, even when exome sequencing is performed. In particular, we highlight the possibility that at least in some cases ARO is due to synonymous changes, erroneously considered clinically silent, in the genes already described in literature, and suggest carefully reevaluating the sequencing results of these genes when mutations are not found at a first analysis. In addition, with respect to the CLCN7 gene, we suggest that synonymous variants might also contribute to the large spectrum of severity typical of CLCN7-dependent osteopetrosis through more subtle, but not negligible, effects on protein availability and functionality. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sinus opacification in the intensive care unit patient
Authors: Huyett Phillip , Lee Stella , Ferguson Berrylin J. , Wang Eric W. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe significance of sinus opacification in intensive care unit (ICU) patients remains uncertain. Our objectives were to determine the baseline incidence and risk factors associated with the development of radiographic sinus abnormalities in the ICU population.MethodsA retrospective study of head computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging from April 2013 through April 2014 of 612 neurologic ICU patients at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was performed. Images were scored by the Lund‐Mackay system (LMS). Exclusion criteria included prior sinus or skull base surgery, history of sinonasal malignancy, facial fractures, ICU admission less than 3 days, or inadequate imaging.ResultsAt the time of admission, 40.7% of patients had a LMS greater than zero (mean 2.2). Worsening sinus opacification occurred in 42.6% of patients (mean highest LMS 4.6) during ICU admission. There was a peak between days 8 and 10, during which 65% of scans exhibited worsening opacification compared to baseline. On multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with increased sinus opacification (higher LMS) included the presence of an endotracheal tube (odds ration [OR] 3.28, P < .001) or nasogastric tube (OR 3.34, P < .001) and increased length of stay (OR 2.50, P < .001). Age greater than 60 was found to be protective for the development of worsening sinus opacification (OR 0.57, P = .007).ConclusionUsing serial imaging and comparison control groups, this study finds that there is a high baseline incidence of sinus opacification in the ICU population. Prolonged length of stay, younger age, and presence of nasogastric or endotracheal tubes all corresponded to worsening LMS.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2433–2438, 2016
Canal reconstruction and mastoid obliteration using floating cartilages and musculoperiosteal flaps
Authors: Lee Ho Jun , Chao Janet Ren , Yeon Yeung Kyu , Kumar Vijay , Park Chan Hum , Kim Hyung‐Jong , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo reduce the mastoid cavity‐associated problems secondary to canal wall down mastoidectomy, we designed a new surgical procedure that includes canal wall reconstruction using free‐floating cartilages and double musculoperiosteal flaps.Study DesignRetrospective study.Materials and methodsThirty‐three patients were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry/speech discrimination score and postoperative status (complications and EAC status) were analyzed.ResultsAir conduction thresholds were statistically improved (P = 0.008). The air–bone gap was significantly reduced following surgery (P = 0.001). There were no other major complications in any of the patients. Long‐term follow‐up demonstrated gradual widening of the neo‐EAC in 18 patients (54.5%) but normal contour of the neo‐EAC in the other 13 patients (39.4%). In just one case did the neo‐EAC become extremely widened.ConclusionMastoid obliteration and canal wall reconstruction using free‐floating cartilages and double musculoperiosteal flaps is very useful to achieve optimal surgical view, eliminate the middle ear pathology, and prevent recurrence of cholesteatoma and cavity problem.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1153–1160, 2017
Stereocontrolled Entanglement‐Directed Self‐Alignment of Poly(lactic acid) Cylindrites
Authors: Xu Huan , Hua Geng , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: September 2016

The concept of stereocontrolled entanglements, in which the tunable H‐bonded chiral pairs serve as crosslinks to create topological constraints on the local chain dynamics, is introduced to tailor the crystalline morphology of stereocomplex poly(lactic acid). For the entanglements to be interconnected and activated, poly(d‐lactic acid) with statistical branched architecture is incorporated, enabling the construction of 3D association with linear poly(l‐lactic acid) chains. With thermodynamically graded disentanglement relaxation for the blends, the profound influence of entanglements on the crystalline morphology is revealed during isothermal crystallization. Orderly aligned cylindrites some with an exceptional length of over 500 μm, resembling the structural features of the classical shish‐kebab superstructure, are observed in the blends penetrated with dense entanglement constraints. By contrast, only dendritic spherulites are formed in the highly disentangled blends. The selectively suppressed homo‐crystallization by the entanglements offers insights into the contribution of constraints. This bottom‐up strategy opens up pathways to engender oriented crystals of long‐range order under quiescent conditions, which has potential implications for other chiral polymers.
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Low‐bandwidth space/frequency component separation for quantitative imaging
Authors: Zubkov Mikhail , Stait‐Gardner Timothy , Price William S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuantitative MRI is often used to analyse multicomponent systems. The analysis requires the contributions from different species to be isolated. Species with distinct chemical shifts can be separated by using a low acquisition bandwidth, which is easy to achieve in common quantitative imaging protocols. The bandwidth reduction leads to separation of NMR contributions from different species in the image space. This new method was implemented and tested on two multicomponent systems containing several spectrally and spatially unresolved components with both distinctly different and similar diffusion coefficients and relaxation times. Separation was achieved with routine MRI diffusion and relaxation measurement pulse sequences in a microimaging environment for water/polyethylene glycol solution and for chloroform/TMS/polyethylene glycol solution. Conventional monoexponential fitting was used to determine diffusion coefficients and relaxation times from the spectrally separated data, whereas biexponential or triexponential fitting was required in the unseparated reference experiments. In the two‐component sample, the variation in the determined fast diffusing components was on the same order of magnitude for all experiments, while the variation in the slow diffusing polyethylene glycol was larger when no separation was present. The separation technique provided lower variability for all the determined diffusion coefficients and relaxation times in the three‐component sample. The low‐bandwidth separation method can provide separation of multicomponent systems based on the chemical shift difference between the species. The accuracy of the technique is comparable with the commonly used methods for bicomponent system analysis and surpasses those when there are more than two components in the sample. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiopoietin‐2, its soluble receptor Tie‐2, and metabolic syndrome components in a population‐based sample
Authors: Lorbeer Roberto , Baumeister Sebastian E. , Dörr Marcus , Nauck Matthias , Grotevendt Anne , Schlesinger Sabrina , Teumer Alexander , Völzke Henry , Grabe Hans‐Jörgen , Wallaschofski Henri , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Lieb Wolfgang 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveSince angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) levels strongly correlate with cardiovascular mortality and subclinical cardiovascular disease, it was hypothesized that levels of Ang‐2 and its soluble receptor (sTie‐2) were associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual MetS components.MethodsWithin the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania, two sets of analyses were performed. First, Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 were related to the prevalence of MetS and its components cross‐sectionally (n = 3,205). Second, the association between baseline Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 and incident MetS or longitudinal changes in its components in 1,295 individuals was investigated.ResultsHigh Ang‐2 levels (90th percentile), compared with low Ang‐2 levels (10th percentile), were positively associated with MetS (OR: 1.78) and with the following MetS criteria: increased triglycerides, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher non‐fasting glucose. Furthermore, high sTie‐2 levels (90th percentile), compared with low levels (10th percentile), were positively related to MetS (OR: 1.58) and most of its components. However, Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 levels were not associated with incident MetS or longitudinal change in components of MetS.ConclusionsAng‐2 and sTie‐2 levels were cross‐sectionally associated with MetS and several of its components. However, Ang‐2 and sTie‐2 levels were not associated with incident MetS or changes in individual MetS components during follow‐up.