bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary observations of necrophagous dipteran activities and a new host record of parasitoids on a high-rise building
Authors: Heo Chong Chin , Latif Baha , Kurahashi Hiromu , Tan Siew Hwa , Chew Wai Kian , Nazni Wasi Ahmad , Omar Baharudin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A preliminary study on the ecological activities of necrophagous Diptera on a highrise building in Malaysia was conducted from April to August 2010. Fresh chicken livers (approximately 500 g) serving as bait were placed on the rooftop (101.6 m from the ground). Three replicates were carried out, each replicate lasting 30 days with daily observations and fly sampling. Maggots found in the bait were collected at random: some were preserved in 70% ethanol while the others were reared to the adult stage. Results showed that the flies arrived on the bait between 8 hours and 3 days after placement. The oriental latrine blow fly Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was the first to reach this altitude, followed by the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) and the flesh fly Liopygia ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The larvae of Chrysomya megacephala were first recovered from the bait. However, they were succeeded by sarcophagid larvae. The predominant sarcophagid larvae were then raised to the adult stage and the resulting adults were identified as Parasarcophaga dux. The other sarcophagid pupae were either parasitized by hymenopteran parasitoids or dead. We recorded two species of parasitoids emerging from Liopygia ruficornis pupae: Exoristobia philippinensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Dirhinus himalayanus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Liopygia ruficornis is recorded as a new host for these parasitoids for the first time.
Redescription of Erythmelus dichromocnemus NOVICKY, 1953 stat. rev. (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and a new synonymy
Authors: Triapitsyn Serguei V. , Berezovskiy Vladimir V. , Jałoszyński Paweł 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Erythmelus (Erythmelus) dichromocnemus NOVICKY, 1953 stat. rev. (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) is removed from its previous synonymy under E. (Erythmelus) flavovarius (WALKER, 1846), reinstated as a valid name, and redescribed. Its morphological structures are illustrated, and a lectotype is designated based on a syntype female collected in Warsaw, Poland. Erythmelus (Erythmelellus) lygivorus VIGGIANI & JESU, 1985 syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym under E. dichromocnemus. Specimens of E. (Erythmelus) agilis (ENOCK, 1909), E. dichromocnemus, E. flavovarius, E. (Parallelaptera) panis (ENOCK, 1909) and Litus cynipseus HALIDAY, 1833 in the Svatoslav NOVICKY (Światosław NOWICKI) collection of Mymaridae in Portici, Italy were remounted in Canada balsam from the dried and often darkened original water-soluble mountant medium to prevent further deterioration, and their distribution data are given.
A step by step approach in differential diagnosing of adrenal incidentaloma (epinephroma), (with comments on the new Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Endocrinology)
Authors: Farrugia Frederick-Anthony , Misiakos Evangelos , Martikos Georgios , Tzanetis Panagiotis , Charalampopoulos Anestis , Zavras Nicolaos , Sotiropoulos Dimitrios , Koliakos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectives. To present a step by step approach for the diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma (AI).Method. An extensive review of the literature was conducted, searching the Pub-Med and Google Scholar using the Mesh terms; Adrenal; Incidentaloma; Adrenal tumours; Radiology; Diagnosis. We also did a cross-referencing search of the literature. Comments on the new European guidelines are presented.Results. The majority of the tumours are non-functioning benign adenomas. The most important radiological characteristic of an adrenal incidentaloma is the radiation attenuation coefficient. Wash out percentage and the imaging characteristics of the tumour may help in diagnosis.Conclusion. Density less than 10 HU is in most cases characteristic of a lipid rich benign adenoma. More than 10 HU or/and history of malignancy raise the possibility for cancer. 1 mg dexamethasone test and plasma metanephrines should be done in all patients. If there is history of hypokalemia and/or resistant hypertension we test the plasma aldosterone to plasma renin ratio (ARR). Newer studies have shown that tumours even nonfunctioning and less than 4 cm may increase the metabolic risks so we may consider surgery at an earlier stage.
Revisión de los aspectos para la evaluación de la nutrición y alimentación en programas de salud de hato de ganado lechero I: evaluación del hato
Authors: Alpízar Solís Carlos 
Published: June 2017

La alimentación desempeña un rol preponderante en el rendimiento de las vacas lecheras y busca, fundamentalmente, llenar los requerimientos nutricionales de los animales, garantizar la salud y función digestivas, así como optimizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos disponibles y las raciones, para obtener la más óptima relación beneficio-costo por alimentación. Por tanto, las prácticas de alimentación empleadas deben orientarse a cumplir alguno o todos los aspectos anteriores. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo orientar sobre los principales aspectos de la alimentación del ganado bovino que deben considerarse, como mínimo, en los programas para la atención veterinaria de fincas dedicadas a la producción de leche bovina y apoyar las labores del veterinario. Además, busca la integración de diferentes aspectos médicos y de manejo, especialmente la alimentación y de esa manera, motivar a los veterinarios encargados de atender las fincas lecheras, a desarrollar y emplear las mejores herramientas o métodos de abordaje en las fincas. Se describen aspectos que se pueden medir y evaluar en la práctica, además de ser utilizados como referencia para el control de la alimentación, el estado nutricional, la salud ruminal, el desempeño de los animales y el balance de las raciones. Los aspectos de la nutrición y alimentación que se incluyen en el cuerpo del texto son el consumo de alimento, la condición corporal, el balance energético, la producción láctea, el metabolismo de nitrógeno y el funcionamiento y salud digestivas. Finalmente, se concluye que el manejo alimentario en la finca debe ir apoyado por el análisis integral de los datos obtenidos en la evaluación del sistema de alimentación, en conjunto con otros como la producción y reproducción; además, debe involucrarse a todo el equipo de trabajo en la evaluación de los resultados. Los esfuerzos deben orientarse a obtener las metas propuestas inicialmente para el sistema de alimentación.
Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Psychological Distress in the Children’s Hospital
Authors: Jones Jessica , Nowacki Amy S. , Greene Amy , Traul Christine , Goldfarb Johanna 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Greater parent participation in a child’s hospital care is associated with better child outcomes in the hospital and after discharge. This study examined the relationships between perceived need fulfillment for parents, parent participation in hospital care, and parent psychological distress. We hypothesized that greater perceived need fulfillment would be associated with greater participation in hospital care and decreased psychological distress.

METHODS:
In this prospective cohort study, 166 parents completed questionnaires on a pediatric (nonintensive care) floor. Eligible parents were fluent in English and had a child who was hospitalized ≥2 nights. Previously validated questionnaires were used to assess parent participation in hospital care and psychological distress (defined here as symptoms of anxiety/depression). A modified version of the Bereaved Parent Needs Assessment was used to assess perceived need fulfillment. The association between perceived need fulfillment and each outcome variable was examined using multiple linear regression analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 186 eligible parents, 166 were enrolled (1 declined, 19 missed/not present). In multivariable analyses, greater perceived need fulfillment was associated with greater participation in hospital care and fewer symptoms of depression, even after controlling for relevant covariates. Exploratory analyses identified needs that were differentially important within groups of parents at risk for distress.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that assessing and supporting parent needs during a child’s hospitalization may improve parent and child outcomes by increasing parents’ ability to participate in hospital care and decreasing psychological distress. Future research is needed to investigate the impact of interventions targeting specific parent needs.
Risk Factors for Fractures in Children Hospitalized in Intensive and Intermediate Care Units
Authors: Zenlea Ian S. , Melvin Patrice , Huh Susanna Y. , Mehta Nilesh , Reidy Suzanne J. , Rhodes Erinn T. , Ma Nina S. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Fragility fractures are increasingly recognized in hospitalized children. Our study aim was to identify risk factors for fracture in children hospitalized in intensive and intermediate care units.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, case-control study comparing the clinical characteristics of children with fractures (cases) to children without fractures (controls) matched for age, sex, hospital unit, admission quarter and year, ICU length of stay, severity of illness, and resource utilization. Bivariate comparisons and matched multivariable logistic regression modeling were used to determine associations between potential risk factors and fracture.

RESULTS:
Median age at fracture for the 35 patients was 5.0 months (interquartile range 2.0 to 10.0 months) and at a comparable interval for the 70 matched controls was 3.5 months (interquartile range 2.0 to 7.0 months). In bivariate analyses, factors associated with fracture included: primary diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia and stenosis; diagnosis of kidney disease; and per 5-day increase in median cumulative ICU days at risk. In the final model, a respiratory disease diagnosis (odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1–13.7) and per 5-day increase in median cumulative ICU days at risk (odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0–1.6) were significant independent risk factors for fracture.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children prone to fracture in the hospital are young, medically complex patients who require extended periods of intensive level medical care and potentially life-sustaining treatment modalities. The children who would benefit most from fracture reduction efforts are those with respiratory disease and prolonged ICU stays.
Vowel Deletion and Insertion in Úwù
Authors: Idris Olawale Allison 
Published: June 2017

Úwù is one of the many endangered languages in Nigeria.The number of its fluent speakers is believed to be less than 2000.The language is spoken in a small community known as Àyèré in Ìjùmú Local Government Area (LGA) of Kogi state. This paper describes the manifestation of vowel deletion and insertion in the language with the view of testing earlier assertions on the nature of vowel deletion and insertion in languages that are genetically related to Úwù. Apart from this, the paper is also an attempt to document these phonological phenomena (i.e. vowel deletion and insertion) before the language goes into extinction. About six hundred (600) lexical items of Úwù were collected for this research work with the aid of the 1000 word-list of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Both linear and non-linear models were adopted for analysis in this research work. Cases involving segmental phonemes were analyzed with the linear phonology, while cases of feature stability and feature spread wereanalyzed using the non-linear model. The paper, among other things, reveals that the pattern of vowel deletion is predictable in Úwù, auto-segments like tone (mostly high tone), nasality and labial or round features usually persist even when the vowel which bore them was deleted. Apart from this, the paper also reveals that [i] is the epenthetic vowel in Úwù, and lastly, it is argued in the paper that nouns in Úwù are virtually vowel initial.

This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the incision designs by Bayne and Evans in the correction of congenital radial clubhand in children
Authors: Govorov Anton V. , Avdeychik Natalia V. , Safonov Andrey V. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction. In 1733, Petit first described the deformation of the forearm, congenital radial clubhand. A large number of modifications in the surgical treatment of this deformation have been developed. In the available literature, there is no comparative analysis of the applied designs of the sections.
Aim. The goal is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of dorsal rotation flap by Evans, and incision designs by Bayne, in the correction of congenital radial clubhand in children.
Material and methods. Between 2013 and 2016, block randomization of 40 children with congenital radial clubhand was used and grouped by procedures. Surgical correction was performed using two different incision designs (the first group by Bayne and the second by Evans). The analysis of the early postoperative complications was performed. The evaluation in the late postoperative period of soft tissue condition of the forearm using a pinch test, Vancouver scale, and a visual analog scale was carried out.
Results. Based upon gender, patients were divided with male predominance in both groups with 7 girls and 13 boys in the first group, and 8 girls and 12 boys in the second group. In the immediate postoperative period, marginal necrosis was observed in the first group (35%). In the late postoperative period, the study showed an advantage of using dorsal rotation flap by Evans versus the incision designs by Bayne.
Conclusion. Using incision designs by Evans with the formation of a dorsal rotation flap provided a more aesthetic and functional result.
Conspiración de silencio: una barrera en la comunicación médico, paciente y familia.
Authors: Espinoza-Suárez Nataly R. , Zapata del Mar Carla Milagros , Mejía Pérez Lina Andrea 
Published: June 2017

La conspiración de silencio es una barrera en torno a la verdad, que puede definirse como el acuerdo tanto implícito como explícito al que llega la familia, el entorno o los profesionales de la salud, de cambiar la información que se le brinda al paciente con la finalidad de ocultarle el diagnóstico, la gravedad y el pronóstico de la situación clínica por la que está atravesando. El rol de la familia del paciente con enfermedad terminal debe ser considerado punto sumamente importante en las decisiones y acciones del personal de salud, ya que de ella depende el apoyo físico, material, psicosocial y espiritual del enfermo. La comunicación adecuada con la familia debe establecerse desde la primera consulta, aun antes de arribar a un diagnóstico, ya que permite cumplir con los objetivos del manejo multidimensional e integral de todo paciente. Es importante definir con la mayor claridad posible la información al paciente y su familia sobre el diagnóstico, enfermedad y pronóstico, y debe ejercerse receptividad plena a sus dudas,creencias, expectativas y aun los mitos o fabulaciones que todos ellos tengan respecto a la enfermedad diagnosticada. Es vital que los médicos estén adecuadamente entrenados en el manejo de información y que desarrollen habilidades de comunicación que favorezcan la adecuada adaptación del paciente y la familia al proceso clínico, desde el diagnóstico inicial hasta el duelo que sigue a la muerte del paciente, evitando de esta forma el surgimiento y desarrollo de una conspiración de silencio y sus negativas consecuencias sobre todos los involucrados.
Intra-District Disparities in Primary Education: A Case Study of Bankura District, West Bengal
Authors: Maji Krishnendu , Sarkar Sumana 
Published: June 2017

The level of education and its response to different educational opportunities vary from one spatial unit to another depending on various factors like social, economic, cultural, and institutional. It is understood that certain regions acquire relative advancements over others in terms of human resource development and human capital formation. The key purpose of this research is to examine the intra-district disparities in primary education in Bankura District one of the districts of West Bengal. It ranks 11thamong the 19 districts of West Bengal (Human Development Report, 2007). Overall literacy rate of the district stands at 70.26% but the district scores low in terms of female literacy rates, which is 60.05%,whereas the male literacy rate is 80.05%, which is a huge gender literacy gap of 20%. There are also regional inequalities existing at block level. Kotulpur ranks first with a literacy rate of 78.01% while Saltora occupies the bottom position with literacy rate of just 61.45% (Census of India, 2011). The level of educational development is dependent on several factors—enrolment ratio, dropout and repetition rates, pupil-teacher ratio, habitations covered by educational institutions, space-student ratio, drinking water and sanitation facilities in school, etc. In this context, the present study aims at examining the issues of intra-district disparities in educational attainment with regard to various educational amenities of Bankura district, West Bengal. Ten attributes have been selected to examine the level of development in primary education. It is clear from the study that the level of development in eastern part of the district is relatively better in comparison to other regions. Economic backwardness and physical bottlenecks continue to be major issues in western blocks.
Effects of Lime and Organic Amendments Derived from Varied Source Materials on Cadmium Uptake by Potato
Authors: Al Mamun Shamim , Lehto Niklas J. , Cavanagh Jo , McDowell Richard , Aktar Munmun , Benyas Ebrahim , Robinson Brett H. 
Published: June 2017

Repeated applications of Cd‐rich phosphate fertilizers have resulted in elevated concentrations of this toxic element in some New Zealand soils. Exceedance of the food safety standard for Cd (0.1 mg kg−1 fresh weight) has been reported for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Composts may efficiently sorb Cd in soil and therefore reduce its phytoavailability, leading to reduced uptake by plants. We aimed to determine the potential of various composts, shredded corn stover, and lime at two different rates to reduce the transfer of Cd from a soil (containing 1.45 mg kg‐1 Cd) to potato (var. ‘Nadine’). In the control, the peeled tubers, skins, leaves, and stems had Cd concentrations of 0.04, 0.09, 0.26, and 0.53 mg kg‐1 dry weight, respectively. There was a 71% reduction in tuber Cd concentrations in potatoes grown in soil amended with 5% (w/w) shredded corn stover, although it significantly decreased potato biomass. Potatoes grown in soil amended with pig manure compost, mushroom compost, sawdust‐animal waste compost, and municipal compost at rates of either 2.5 or 5% (w/w) reduced tuber Cd concentrations by 58 to 66%, 46 to 63%, 52 to 53%, and 29 to 49%, respectively. Lime (1.3%) application in soil reduced tuber Cd concentrations by 50%. Composts significantly increased tuber biomass. Further work is warranted to identify the key components of composts that result in reduced Cd uptake by plants.Core Ideas
Composts made from contrasting source materials reduced Cd uptake by potatoes.
Unlike lime, composts did not result in reduced micronutrient uptake.
Composts resulted in a greater biomass increase than lime.
Potential Use of Biosolids to Reforest Degraded Areas with New Zealand Native Vegetation
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Ginés María Jesús , Robinson Brett H. , Esperschuetz Juergen , Madejón Engracia , Horswell Jacqui , McLenaghen Roger 
Published: June 2017

Biosolids could potentially be used for reforestation of degraded soils in New Zealand with native vegetation. Many native plant species of New Zealand thrive in low‐fertility soils, and there is scant knowledge about their nutrient requirements. Therefore, it is unclear whether they will respond positively to the addition of biosolids. We used a pot trial to determine the responses of 11 native plant species to biosolids addition (10% w/w, ∼90 Mg hm−2) on two distinct degraded soils, Lismore stony silt loam and a Kaikōura sand. We also intended to prove that the soil microbial activity improves with the addition of biosolids, depending on the plant species. All species grew better in Lismore stony silt loam than the Kaikōura sand. All species in the Lismore stony silt loam responded positively to biosolids. The response to biosolids addition in the Kaikōura sand was variable, with four species showing no improvement in growth when biosolids were added. The nutrient status (N, P, S, Cu, and Zn) of all species improved when the two soils were amended with biosolids. However, some plant species, especially Pittosporum tenuifolium Sol. ex Gaertn. and Coprosma robusta Raoul, showed concerning concentrations of Cd (up to 2.4 mg kg−1). Dehydrogenase activity of soils (indicator of soil microbial activity) increased in biosolids‐amended soils, with a strong species effect. Future work should involve field trials to determine the effect of biosolids addition on the establishment of native plant communities.Core Ideas
Adding biosolids to two low‐fertility soils had contrasting effects on NZ species.
N, S, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations were higher in plants treated with biosolids.
New Zealand native dicots accumulated more nutrients than native monocots.
Trace element accumulation by some species may present an ecological risk.
In ecosystem restoration, biosolids may favor weed growth over NZ native plants.
Optimal design of the main support structure of space camera aiming at the RMS value of random response
Authors: Li Lin , Tan Luyang , Wang Dong , Yang Hongbo 
Published: June 2017

To explore the optimal design method for main support structure of micro satellite, this paper proposed a method targeting the random acceleration response RMS value of the space camera installation position when design the main support structure of LQ-video satellite in Jilin-1 group satellites. Camera main support structure optimization mathematical model was established, and the thickness and flexible beam position of the flexible beam support structure has been optimized in the establishment of the optimization mathematical model. When the flexible beam thickness is 2.5 mm, and the distance between it and the support structure mounting surface is 94.5 mm, the camera installation point acceleration response root mean square (RMS) value is minimal. Engineering analysis showed that the maximal random response RMS of the camera installation point is 19.6 grms and the maximal relative magnification is 0.93. The camera mechanics test showed that the maximal relative error of finite element analysis and experimental measurements is 4.0 % and the maximal relative magnification of the response is 1.2 which is less than the overall index 1.5. It proved that the optimization method is effective and feasible.