bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Rossby Wave Packets: A Climatological Perspective
Authors: Quinting Julian F. , Jones Sarah C. 
Published: March 2016

Many studies have highlighted the importance of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) in triggering Rossby waves. This study investigates the impact of western North Pacific (WNP), south Indian Ocean, and North Atlantic recurving TCs on the amplitude and frequency of synoptic-scale Rossby wave packets (RWPs) over a 30-yr period. The results indicate a significant increase of RWP frequency downstream of WNP and south Indian Ocean TCs. A statistically significant RWP amplitude anomaly downstream of these TCs suggests that RWPs, which are associated with TCs, are stronger than those that generally occur in midlatitudes. North Atlantic TCs do not seem to be associated with a statistically significant increase in RWP frequency and amplitude downstream.Processes that contribute to Rossby wave amplification are identified by creating composites for WNP TCs with and without downstream development. Potential vorticity, eddy kinetic energy, and quasigeostrophic forcing diagnostics highlight dynamical mechanisms that contribute to the synergistic interaction between the TC and the midlatitude flow. The existence of an upstream Rossby wave favors a downstream development. Diabatically enhanced upper-level divergent flow that can be attributed to the nonlinear interaction between the TC and the midlatitude flow impedes the eastward propagation of the upstream trough, amplifies the downstream ridge, and intensifies the jet. The amplified midlatitude flow provides upper-level forcing, which helps to maintain the predominantly diabatically driven divergent flow.Forecast uncertainties that are related to these complex TC–midlatitude flow interactions may spread into downstream regions. A climatological analysis of ensemble reforecast data emphasizes the importance of TC–midlatitude flow interactions and Rossby wave amplification on downstream predictability.
Communicating Increased Risk: An Empirical Investigation of the National Weather Service’s Impact-Based Warnings
Authors: Casteel Mark A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn 2014, following a Central Region pilot assessment, the National Weather Service implemented large-scale use of an experimental product of enhanced severe weather warnings known as impact-based warnings (IBWs). The overarching goal of these IBWs is to improve the threat warning process and motivate appropriate responses by using event tags and additional text that provides more specificity about the magnitude of the storm and its potential consequences. These IBWs are designed to be used by individuals in the field to make more effective decisions. Although qualitative research has shown overall satisfaction with IBWs (Harrison et al. 2014; Losego et al. 2013), little published experimental research has been conducted on these new enhanced warnings. The research reported here therefore empirically investigates the effectiveness of the new IBW experimental product. In three experiments, participants adopted the role of a plant manager and read both IBWs and non-IBWs. At three different decision points, participants made decisions about shutting down the plant and having employees shelter in place. The results of all three experiments show that the IBWs produced higher likelihoods of closing the plant and sheltering in place, but only after the additional IBW text (providing information about the hazard, source, and impact) was presented. Interestingly, participant background knowledge of tornadoes and severe weather had little impact on their shelter in place decisions. The results support the conclusion that the additional enhanced text in IBWs promotes a higher stated likelihood of sheltering in place, at least as measured by behavioral intentions.
Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: the elderly
Authors: McMillan Alison , Morrell Mary J. 
Published: March 2016

Key pointsSleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common and its prevalence increases with age. Despite this high prevalence, SDB is frequently unrecognised and undiagnosed in older people.There is accumulating evidence that SDB in older people is associated with worsening cardio- cerebrovascular, cognitive and functional outcomes.There is now good evidence to support the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in older patients with symptomatic SDB.Educational aimsTo highlight the prevalence and presentation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in older people.To inform readers about the risk factors for SDB in older people.To explore the impact of SDB in older people.To introduce current evidence based treatment options for SDB in older people.Sleep disordered breathing (SBD) increases in prevalence as we age, most likely due to physiological and physical changes that occur with ageing. Additionally, SDB is associated with comorbidity and its subsequent polypharmacy, which may increase with increasing age. Finally, the increased prevalence of SDB is intrinsically linked to the obesity epidemic. SDB is associated with serious outcomes in younger people and, likewise, older people. Thus, identification, diagnosis and treatment of SDB is important irrelevant of age. This article reviews the age-related changes contributing to SDB, the epidemiology and the risk factors for SDB in older people, the association of SDB with adverse outcomes, and diagnostic and treatment options for this population.
Win-Win Capacity Allocation Contracts in Coproduction and Codistribution Alliances
Authors: Roels Guillaume , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: March 2016

In some strategic alliances, a firm shares its manufacturing capacity with another, and the latter shares its distribution capacity with the former. Even though such bidirectional alliances have become more common, they remain challenging to manage because of the frequent disputes over capacity allocation, especially when demand is uncertain. In this paper, we investigate whether there exists a contractual mechanism that can mitigate the extent of these disputes while improving the profits of all participating firms. We consider two types of bidirectional contracts, namely, the ex post transfer payment contract and the ex ante capacity reservation contract. By modeling the capacity allocation and the bidirectional contract design as a noncooperative game between two firms with noncompeting product lines, we show that, relative to a situation with no contract, either contract can improve the alliance’s total profit in equilibrium. In terms of distribution of the total surplus, we find that capacity reservation contracts always make both firms better off, whereas ex post transfer payment contracts may make one firm worse off. Hence, capacity reservation contracts are more likely to be implemented in practice in such bidirectional alliances. This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Research roundup: March 2016
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: March 2016

In brief ‘Socially motivated’ interventions aimed at prescribers cut inappropriate antibiotic use The risk of injurious falls increases several years before a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease Prenatal and infant paracetamol exposure seems to increase risk of asthma Long-term golimumab is effective in rheumatoid arthritis with no increase in adverse events
Minimizers of the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi Functionals in Bounded Domains
Authors: Jiang Mei-Yue 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We give some explicit formulas for the minimizers of the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi functionals

and

on BV(Ω), where Ω ⊂ ℝ2 is a bounded domain containing the ball BR(0) and f = χR(x) is the characteristic function of BR(0).
Nonlocal Robin Problem for Elliptic Quasilinear Second Order Equations
Authors: Borsuk Mikhail , Żyjewski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigate the behavior of weak solutions to the nonlocal Robin problem for quasilinear elliptic divergence second order equations in a neighborhood of the boundary corner point. We find an exponent of the solution decreasing rate near the boundary corner point.
Regularity for Fully Nonlinear P-Laplacian Parabolic Systems: the Degenerate Case
Authors: Le Dung 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper introduces new nonlinear heat approximation and L∞ preserving homotopy techniques to investigate regularity properties of bounded weak solutions of strongly coupled p-Laplacian parabolic systems which consist of more than one equation defined on a domain of any dimension. The main results imply everywhere Hölder continuity of bounded weak solutions and the global existence of strong solutions to nonlinear p-Laplacian systems.
An Obstacle Problem in a Plane Domain with two Solutions
Authors: Figueiredo Giovany M. , Furtado Marcelo , Montenegro Marcelo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We prove the existence of two nontrivial solutions for the variational inequality
∫Ω ∇u∇(v − u) ≥ ∫Ω f(u)(v − u)
for every v belonging to some convex set, where Ω ⊂ ℝ2. The function f has critical exponential growth, in the sense that it behaves like exp(α0s2) as |s| → ∞, for some α0 > 0. We use variational methods for lower semicontinuous functionals.
Existence for the Hénon Equation Involving the Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Zhu Yu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions of the following problem

where Ω ⊂ ℝN, N ≥ 2α, is a smooth bounded domain, λ > 0, β > 0, 0 < α < 2, and is the critical exponent. We show that problem (0.1) possesses a ground state solution provided that N = 2α and λm < λ < λm+1 for some m ∈ℕ and β > 0 small or ℕ > (1 + √ 2)α and λm ≤ λ < λm+1 for some m ∈ ℕ and β > 0 small, where λm is the eigenvalue of −Δ with Dirichlet boundary condition.
New Super-quadratic Conditions on Ground State Solutions for Superlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Tang X. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Consider the semilinear Schrödinger equation

where f is a superlinear, subcritical nonlinearity. We mainly study the case where both V and f are periodic in x and 0 belongs to a spectral gap of −Δ + V. Based on the work of Szulkin and Weth [J Funct Anal 257: 3802-3822, 2009], we develop a new technique to show the boundedness of Cerami sequences and derive a new super-quadratic condition that there exists a θ0 ∈ (0, 1) such that

for the existence a “ground state solution” which minimizes the corresponding energy among all nontrivial solutions. Our result unifies and improves some known ones and the recent ones of Szulkin and Weth [J Funct Anal 257: 3802-3822, 2009] and Liu [Calc. Var. 45: 1-9, 2012].
Convergence Rates in a Weighted Fučik Problem
Authors: Salort Ariel Martin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this work we consider the Fučik problem for a family of weights depending on ε with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We study the homogenization of the spectrum. We also deal with the special case of periodic homogenization and we obtain the rate of convergence of the first non-trivial curve of the spectrum.
Bound States with Clustered Peaks for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Compactly Supported Potentials
Authors: Deng Yinbin , Peng Shuangjie , Pi Huirong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We consider the existence of positive bound states for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation −ε2Δu + V(x)u = up, u > 0, u ∈ H1(ℝN), where N ≥ 3, 1 < p < (N + 2)/(N − 2), and V is a nonnegative potential with compact support. For arbitrary positive integer k ∈ Z+, we construct higher energy solutions with exactly k peaks which interact with each other and cluster around a local maximum point of V when ε is sufficiently small. The main part of the solutions decays exponentially but the perturbation part decays algebraically at infinity.
Existence of a Least Energy Nodal Solution for a Class of p&q-Quasilinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Barile Sara , Figueiredo Giovany M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper we prove an existence result for a least energy nodal (or sign-changing) solution for the class of p&q problems given by

where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in ℝN, N ≥ 3 and 2 ≤ p < N. The function a : ℝ+ → ℝ+ grows like as t → +∞ for some p ≤ q < N, the case q = p meaning that a is bounded away from zero and infinity. The nonlinearity f : ℝ → ℝ grows like |t|m-1 at infinity with Moreover, we find that u has exactly two nodal domains or changes sign exactly once in Ω. The functions f and a satisfy suitable additional growth and monotonicity conditions which allow this result to extend previous ones to a larger class of p&q type problems. The proof is based on a minimization argument and a variant of quantitative deformation lemma.
On a Parametric Nonlinear Dirichlet Problem with Subdiffusive and Equidiffusive Reaction
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study a nonlinear parametric elliptic equation (nonlinear eigenvalue problem) driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator. Our setting incorporates equations driven by the p-Laplacian, the (p, q)-Laplacian, and the generalized p-mean curvature differential operator. Applying variational methods we show that for λ > 0 (the parameter) sufficiently large the problem has at least three nontrivial smooth solutions whereby one is positive, one is negative and the last one has changing sign (nodal). In the particular case of (p, 2)-equations, using Morse theory, we produce another nodal solution for a total of four nontrivial smooth solutions.
Multi-Valued Parabolic Variational Inequalities and Related Variational-Hemivariational Inequalities
Authors: Carl Siegfried , Le Vy Khoi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper we study multi-valued parabolic variational inequalities involving quasilinear parabolic operators, and multi-valued integral terms over the underlying parabolic cylinder as well as over parts of the lateral parabolic boundary, where the multi-valued functions involved are assumed to be upper semicontinuous only. Note, since lower semicontinuous multi-valued functions allow always for a Carathéodory selection, this case can be considered as the trivial case, and therefore will be omitted. Our main goal is threefold: First, we provide an analytical frame work and an existence theory for the problems under consideration. Unlike in recent publications on multi-valued parabolic variational inequalities, the closed convex set K representing the constraints is not required to possess a nonempty interior. Second, we prove enclosure and comparison results based on a recently developed sub-supersolution method due to the authors. Third, we consider classes of relevant generalized parabolic variational-hemivariational inequalities that will be shown to be special cases of the multi-valued parabolic variational inequalities under consideration.
Existence for Second Order Differential Inclusions on ℝ+ Governed by Monotone Operators
Authors: Moroşanu Gheorghe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Consider in a real Hilbert space H the differential equation (inclusion) (E): p(t)u″(t) + q(t)u′(t) ∈ Au(t) + f (t) for a.a. t ∈ ℝ+ = [0,∞), subject to the condition , where A: D(A) ⊂ H → H is a (possibly set-valued) maximal monotone operator whose range contains 0; p, q ∈ L∞(ℝ+), with ess inf p > 0 and either ess inf q > 0 or ess sup q < 0. Eq. (E) has been investigated under various assumptions by Barbu [1]-[2], Brezis [4], Véron [9]-[10] and others. Recently (see Moroşanu [8]), we proved existence and uniqueness of a strong solution to Eq. (E) subject to u(0) = x ∈ D(A) in the weighted space X = Lb
2(ℝ+; H), where b(t) = a(t)/p(t), a(t) = exp(∫0
t q(s)/p(s) ds), under our weak conditions on p and q (see above). Here we extend this result to the general case , while keeping the other assumptions unchanged, thus solving a long standing problem. In addition, the proof of our recent result, which is the starting point of the present paper, is considerably simplified. Furthermore, some qualitative properties of solutions are pointed out, an application to a minimization problem is given, and some open problems are formulated.
Collapse for the Generalized Three-Dimensional Nonlocal Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Jiang Xin , Gan Zaihui 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Finite time collapse of solutions to the generalized three-dimensional nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations is studied. This result is achieved through establishing some a priori estimates for the nonlocal terms and by introducing a type of virial identities.
Pointwise Lower Bounds for Solutions of Semilinear Elliptic Equations and Applications
Authors: Aghajani Asadollah , Mosleh Tehrani Alireza , Ghoussoub Nassif 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe consider the semilinear elliptic problem −Δu = f (x, u), posed in a smooth bounded domain Ω of ℝNwith Dirichiel data u|∂Ω = 0, where f : Ω × [0, αf) → ℝ+(0 < αf≤ +∞) is a function of appropriate regularity which blows up at αf. We give pointwise lower bounds for the supersolutions under some appropriate conditions on f , and apply them to eigenvalue problem −Δu = λ f (x, u), by giving upper and lower bounds for the extremal parameter λ∗ and the extremal solution u∗. To demonstrate the sharpness of our results, we consider the eigenvalue problem −Δu = λ f (up) (p ≥ 1) with Dirichlet boundary condition, and show that for every increasing, convex and superlinear C2function f: ℝ+→ℝ+with, where ψΩ is the maximum of the torsion function of Ω. Also, we consider the eigenvalue problem −Δu = λρ(x) f (u), where f is either a regular singularity such as f (u) = eu, or a singular one such asand give explicit estimates on λ∗ and u∗, that improve and extend several results in the literature, by Payne[17], Sperb [21], Brezis-Vasquez [3], Guo-Pan-Ward [11], Ghoussoub-Guo [10], Cowan-Ghoussoub [6], and others.
Conjectures and Suggestions for Directions in Pursuing Research in Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Bahri Abbas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, which is a mixture of original and expository ideas, the author shares some sketches of his research ideas and projects on certain important areas in Nonlinear Analysis. In addition to stating some open conjectures and suggestions for directions, the paper also contains an erratum to a previously published article.
Heteroclinic Connections for the Swift-Hohenberg Equation with Multi-wells Potentials
Authors: Mosconi Sunra J. N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Given a C2 nonnegative potential F with a discrete set of zeros we consider the existence of heteroclinics connecting two arbitrary zeros of F for the Swift-Hohenberg equation, i.e.
uʺʺ− βuʺ + Fʹ (u) = 0,
for β ≤ 0. The emphasis is on the case where F has more than two zeros. We prove that when Fʹ has a sign near the zeros of F, |β| is sufficiently small in a variational sense, and

then given any two different zeros z– and z+, there exists a solution to the Swift-Hohenberg equation with boundary values

.
We also consider heteroclinics constrained in a strip of the form {l < u(x) < r}, and consider some local conditions on F which produce heteroclinics regardless of the behavior of F outside [l, r].
Symbolic Calculus and Boundedness of Multi-parameter and Multi-linear Pseudo-differential Operators
Authors: Hong Qing , Lu Guozhen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Since the work of Hörmander on linear pseudo-differential operators, the applications of pseudo-differential operators have played an important role in partial differential equations, harmonic analysis, theory of several complex variables and other branches of modern analysis (e.g., they are used to construct parametrices and establish the regularity of solutions to PDEs such as the ∂̅ problem, etc.). The work of Coifman and Meyer on multi-linear Fourier multipliers and pseudo-differential operators has stimulated further such applications. In [2], the authors developed a fairly satisfactory theory of symbolic calculus for multi-linear pseudo-differential operators. Motivated by this work [2] and Lp estimates of [34, 35] on multi-parameter and multi-linear Fourier multipliers and of [12] on multi-parameter and multi-linear pseudo-differential operators, we study and carry out the theory of symbolic calculus for multi-parameter and multi-linear pseudo-differential operators. Our results include the symbol estimates of the adjoints, asymptotic behavior, kernel estimates and boundedness properties and extend those in [2] to the multi-parameter and multi-linear setting. The estimates of the distributional kernel of associated multi-parameter and multilinear pseudo-differential operators can be found useful in establishing the boundedness of such multi-parameter and multi-linear pseudo-differential operators.
Multiplicity of Solutions to a Concave–Convex Problem
Authors: Lis José C. Sabina de , León Sergio Segura de 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper studies two related problems. A first one,

where Δpu = div(|∇u|p−2∇u) stands for the p-Laplacian operator, Ω is a ball in ℝN, ν stands for the outer unit normal and λ > 0 is a parameter. Exponents are supposed to satisfy 1 < q < p < r ≤ p*, p* = N p/(N − p) if 1 < p < N, p* = ∞ otherwise. The existence of Λ > 0 is shown so that (P) does not admit positive solutions if λ > Λ, a minimal positive solution exists when 0 < λ ≤ Λ and most importantly, a further second positive solution arises if 0 < λ < Λ. Hence, extensions of results in [2], [3], [12] and [13] in the framework of (P) are provided. The second problem considered is the variant of (P):

where Ω is a ball and 1 < q < p < r. Features described above are shown to be also exhibited by (Q) and more importantly, it is proved that minimal solutions to (Q) develop flat patterns in the degenerate regime p > 2. Finally, it should be stressed that some of the properties satisfied by (P) and (Q) hold true when Ω is a general smooth domain.
The p-Laplace Equation in Domains with Multiple Crack Section via Pencil Operators
Authors: Álvarez-Caudevilla Pablo , Galaktionov Victor A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The p-Laplace equation
∇ · (|∇u|p−2∇u) = 0, where p > 2,
in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ2, with inhomogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the smooth boundary ∂Ω is considered. In addition, there is a finite collection of curves
Γ = Γ1 ∪ ... ∪ Γm ⊂ Ω, on which we assume homogeneous Dirichlet conditions u = 0,
modeling a multiple crack formation, focusing at the origin 0 ∈ Ω. This makes the above quasilinear elliptic problem overdetermined. Possible types of the behaviour of solution u(x, y) at the tip 0 of such admissible multiple cracks, being a “singularity” point, are described, on the basis of blow-up scaling techniques and a “nonlinear eigenvalue problem” via spectral theory of pencils of non self-adjoint operators. Specially interesting is the application of those techniques to non-linear problems as the one considered here.
To do so we introduce a very novel change of variable compared with the classical one introduced by Kondratiev for the analysis of non-smooth domains, such as domains with corner points, edges, etc, studying the behaviour of the solutions at those problematic points. Typical types of admissible cracks are shown to be governed by nodal sets of a countable family of nonlinear eigenfunctions, which are obtained via branching from harmonic polynomials that occur for p = 2. Using a combination of analytic and numerical methods, saddle-node bifurcations in p are shown to occur for those nonlinear eigenvalues/ eigenfunctions.
Radial Solutions of the Dirichlet Problem for the Prescribed Mean Curvature Equation in a Robertson-Walker Spacetime
Authors: Fuente Daniel de la , Romero Alfonso , Torres Pedro J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We consider the prescribed mean curvature problem of spacelike graphs in Robertson- Walker spacetimes of flat fiber with homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on an Euclidean ball. Under reasonable assumptions, it is shown that every possible solution must be radially symmetric. Besides, an existence result for a singular nonlinear equation is proved by making use of the classical Schauder fixed point Theorem. The results are applied to realistic examples of Robertson-Walker spacetimes.