bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surreptitious sympatry: Exploring the ecological and genetic separation of two sibling species
Authors: Cordes Line S. , O'Corry‐Crowe Gregory , Small Robert J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClimate change is having profound impacts on animal populations, and shifts in geographic range are predicted in response. Shifts that result in range overlap between previously allopatric congeneric species may have consequences for biodiversity through interspecific competition, hybridization, and genetic introgression. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and spotted seals (Phoca largha) are parapatric sibling species and areas of co‐occurrence at the edges of their range, such as Bristol Bay, Alaska, offer a unique opportunity to explore ecological separation and discuss potential consequences of increased range overlap resulting from retreating sea ice. Using telemetry and genetic data from 14 harbor seals and six spotted seals, we explored the ecological and genetic separation of the two species by comparing their utilization distributions, distance from haul‐out, dive behavior (e.g., depth, duration, focus), and evidence of hybridization. Firstly, we show that harbor and spotted seals, which cannot be visually distinguished definitively in all cases, haul‐out together side by side in Bristol Bay from late summer to early winter. Secondly, we observed subtle rather than pronounced differences in ranging patterns and dive behavior during this period. Thirdly, most spotted seals in this study remained close to shore in contrast to what is known of the species in more northern areas, and lastly, we did not find any evidence of hybridization. The lack of distinct ecological separation in this area of sympatry suggests that interspecific competition could play an important role in the persistence of these species, particularly if range overlap will increase as a result of climate‐induced range shifts and loss of spotted seal pagophilic breeding habitat. Our results also highlight the added complexities in monitoring these species in areas of suspected overlap, as they cannot easily be distinguished without genetic analysis. Predicted climate‐induced environmental change will likely influence the spatial and temporal extent of overlap in these two sibling species. Ultimately, this may alter the balance between current isolating mechanisms with consequences for species integrity and fitness.
Preferential Methanation of CO using Halogen‐Doped (F, Cl, Br) Ceria‐Supported Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Konishcheva Margarita V. , Potemkin Dmitriy I. , Snytnikov Pavel V. , Pakharukova Vera P. , Sobyanin Vladimir A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHalogen‐doped Ni(F)/CeO2, Ni(Cl)/CeO2, and Ni(Br)/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by treating halogen‐free Ni/CeO2 with aqueous solutions of NH4F, NH4Cl, and NH4Br, respectively. It was demonstrated that the halogen dopants had distinct effects on the catalyst properties for the CO preferential methanation using realistic reformate gas: fluorine did not change catalytic activity, chlorine inhibited CO2 methanation activity and provided high selectivity towards CO methanation, and bromine completely inhibited both the CO and CO2 methanation activity.
Screening of cadmium and copper phytoremediation ability of Tagetes erecta, using biochemical parameters and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis
Authors: Goswami Sunayana , Das Suchismita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Tagetes erecta thrived in phytotoxic levels of cadmium (Cd; 50–300 mg kg−1) and copper (Cu; 150–400 mg kg−1) for 21 d. It accumulated high metal contents in its above-ground tissues (3675 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt and 3948 mg Cu kg−1 dry wt) and showed greater root to shoot translocation and a high extraction coefficient, all of which pointed toward its potential as a hyperaccumulator. Both Cd stress and Cu stress reduced the plant biomass, foliar area, and number. In addition, there were significant declines in pigment contents as well as boosts in lipid peroxidation levels. However, the plant triggered a number of stress-mitigation strategies to abate reactive oxygen species formed as a result of Cd/Cu excess, mostly via significant augmentation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities. Though the root and leaf anatomy revealed some signs of toxic symptoms at 50 mg Cd kg−1 and at 150 mg Cu kg−1, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, the root showed maximum tolerance, with tolerance indexes of 85.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis showed specific Ca2+ signals in both root and stomata, which could be associated with a specific signaling pathway leading to increased root metal uptake and stomatal closure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2533–2542. © 2017 SETAC
Gene‐based segregation method for identifying rare variants in family‐based sequencing studies
Authors: Qiao Dandi , Lange Christoph , Laird Nan M. , Won Sungho , Hersh Craig P. , Morrow Jarrett , Hobbs Brian D. , Lutz Sharon M. , Ruczinski Ingo , Beaty Terri H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Cho Michael H. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWhole‐exome sequencing using family data has identified rare coding variants in Mendelian diseases or complex diseases with Mendelian subtypes, using filters based on variant novelty, functionality, and segregation with the phenotype within families. However, formal statistical approaches are limited. We propose a gene‐based segregation test (GESE) that quantifies the uncertainty of the filtering approach. It is constructed using the probability of segregation events under the null hypothesis of Mendelian transmission. This test takes into account different degrees of relatedness in families, the number of functional rare variants in the gene, and their minor allele frequencies in the corresponding population. In addition, a weighted version of this test allows incorporating additional subject phenotypes to improve statistical power. We show via simulations that the GESE and weighted GESE tests maintain appropriate type I error rate, and have greater power than several commonly used region‐based methods. We apply our method to whole‐exome sequencing data from 49 extended pedigrees with severe, early‐onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Boston Early‐Onset COPD study (BEOCOPD) and identify several promising candidate genes. Our proposed methods show great potential for identifying rare coding variants of large effect and high penetrance for family‐based sequencing data. The proposed tests are implemented in an R package that is available on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GESE/).
BACE1 regulates the proliferation and cellular functions of Schwann cells
Authors: Hu Xiangyou , Hou Hailong , Bastian Chinthasagar , He Wanxia , Qiu Shupeng , Ge Yingying , Yin Xinhua , Kidd Grahame J. , Brunet Sylvain , Trapp Bruce D. , Baltan Selva , Yan Riqiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACE1 is an indispensable enzyme for generating β‐amyloid peptides, which are excessively accumulated in brains of Alzheimer's patients. However, BACE1 is also required for proper myelination of peripheral nerves, as BACE1‐null mice display hypomyelination. To determine the precise effects of BACE1 on myelination, here we have uncovered a role of BACE1 in the control of Schwann cell proliferation during development. We demonstrate that BACE1 regulates the cleavage of Jagged‐1 and Delta‐1, two membrane‐bound ligands of Notch. BACE1 deficiency induces elevated Jag‐Notch signaling activity, which in turn facilitates proliferation of Schwann cells. This increase in proliferation leads to shortened internodes and decreased Schmidt–Lanterman incisures. Functionally, evoked compound action potentials in BACE1‐null nerves were significantly smaller and slower, with a clear decrease in excitability. BACE1‐null nerves failed to effectively use lactate as an alternative energy source under conditions of increased physiological activity. Correlatively, BACE1‐null mice showed reduced performance on rotarod tests. Collectively, our data suggest that BACE1 deficiency enhances proliferation of Schwann cell due to the elevated Jag1/Delta1‐Notch signaling, but fails to myelinate axons efficiently due to impaired the neuregulin1‐ErbB signaling, which has been documented.
Multicriteria assessment of water dynamics reveals subcatchment variability in a seemingly homogeneous tropical cloud forest catchment
Authors: Timbe Edison , Feyen Jan , Timbe Luis , Crespo Patricio , Célleri Rolando , Windhorst David , Frede Hans‐Georg , Breuer Lutz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo improve the current knowledge of the rainfall–runoff phenomena of tropical montane catchments, we explored the usefulness of several hydrological indicators on a nested cloud forest catchment (76.9 km2). The used metrics belong to 5 categories: baseflow mean transit time, physicochemical properties of stream water, land cover, topographic, and hydrometric parameters. We applied diverse statistical techniques for data analysis and to contrast findings. Multiple regression analysis showed that mean transit times of base flow could be efficiently predicted by sodium concentrations (higher during baseflows) and temperatures of stream water, indicating a major influence of geomorphology rather than topographic or land cover characteristics. Principal component analysis revealed that no specific subset of catchment indicators could be identified as prevailing descriptors for all catchments. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis provided concomitant results, implying larger levels of dissimilarity between smaller subcatchments than between larger ones. Overall, results point out an intricate interdependence of diverse processes at surface and subsurface level indicating a high level of heterogeneity. Disregarding heterogeneity of nested or paired catchments could lead to incomplete or misleading conclusions, especially in tropical mountain regions where pronounced spatial and temporal gradients are present.
Association of ADIPOQ, leptin, LEPR, and resistin polymorphisms with obesity parameters in Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study
Authors: Zayani Nesrine , Omezzine Asma , Boumaiza Imen , Achour Ons , Rebhi Lamia , Rejeb Jihen , Ben Rejeb Nabila , Ben Abdelaziz Ahmed , Bouslama Ali 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAdipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of adipokines, such as adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and resistin (RETN) which may be implicated in obesity. Some adipokines’ polymorphisms of genes might influence their concentrations and/or activities. Our aim was to study the relationship between seven SNPs in ADIPOQ (+45T<G (rs2241766); +276G<T (rs1501299); −4255C<T (rs822393); −395G<T (rs17366568)), LEP (2548G<A (rs7799039)), LEPR (223Q<R (rs1137101)), and RETN (‐420C<G (rs1862513)) and obesity in Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study (HSHS).MethodsThe study, carried out between February and June 2009, is mainly focused on 1121 respondents in HSHS which is a population‐based epidemiological study of type “community‐based” on cardiovascular risk. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Serum lipids and anthropometric parameters were measured. Statistic analysis was performed on SPSSv19.ResultsThe polymorphisms of ADIPOQ 4522C<T and 276G<T, LEP 2548G<A, and RETN 420C<G seem to contribute to obesity. In fact, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of obesity associated with mutated genotypes of each polymorphism were respectively OR=1.38, P=.037; OR=0.608, P<.001; OR=2.23, P=.034; and OR=2.18, P<.001. The 276G<T, 4522C<T, and 420C<G were associated with increased BMI (P=.010, P=.028, and P<.001). A significant association was found between the 276G<T; 4522C<T, LEP 2548G<A and 420C<G, and the waist circumference and hip measurements.ConclusionADIPOQ, LEP, and RETN gene polymorphisms were associated with obesity parameters in HSHS population.
Roasting conditions for preserving cocoa flavan‐3‐ol monomers and oligomers: interesting behaviour of Criollo clones
Authors: De Taeye Cédric , Bodart Marie , Caullet Gilles , Collin Sonia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCocoa bean roasting is important for creating the typical chocolate aroma through Maillard reactions, but it is also a key step deleterious to the polyphenol content and profile.RESULTSCompared with usual roasting at 150 °C, keeping the beans for 30 min at 120 °C or for 1 h at 90 °C proved much better for preventing strong degradation of native P1, P2 and P3 flavan‐3‐ols in cocoa (shown for Forastero, Trinitatio and Criollo cultivars). Surprisingly, Cuban, Mexican and Malagasy white‐seeded beans behaved atypically when roasted for 30 min at 150 °C, releasing a pool of catechin. Enantiomeric chromatographic separation proved that this pool contained mainly (−)‐catechin issued from (−)‐epicatechin by epimerisation. As the (−)‐epicatechin content remained relatively constant through Criollo bean roasting, flavan‐3‐ol monomers must have been regenerated from oligomers. This emergence of (−)‐catechin in Criollo beans only, reported here for the first time, could be due to increased flavan‐3‐ol monomer stability in the absence of anthocyanidin‐derived products.CONCLUSIONThe degradation rate of flavan‐3‐ols through roasting is higher in cocoa beans containing anthocyani(di)ns. The liberation of a pool of (−)‐catechin when submitted to roasting at 150 °C allows to distinguish white‐seeded cultivars. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma on white grape juice quality
Authors: Pankaj Shashi Kishor , Wan Zifan , Colonna William , Keener Kevin M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study focuses on the effects of novel, non‐thermal high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) processing on the quality of grape juice. A quality‐based comparison of cold plasma treatment with thermal pasteurization treatment of white grape juice was done.RESULTSHVACP treatment of grape juice at 80 kV for 4 min resulted in a 7.4 log10 CFU mL−1 reduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without any significant (P > 0.05) change in pH, acidity and electrical conductivity of the juice. An increase in non‐enzymatic browning was observed, but total color difference was very low and within acceptable limits. Spectrophotometric measurements showed a decrease in total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity, but they were found to be comparable to those resulting from thermal pasteurization. An increase in total flavonols was observed after HVACP treatments.CONCLUSIONHVACP treatment of white grape juice at 80 kV for 2 min was found to be comparable to thermal pasteurization in all analyzed quality attributes. HVACP has shown the potential to be used as an alternative to thermal treatment of white grape juice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Huge hepatocellular carcinoma greater than 10 cm in diameter worsens prognosis by causing distant recurrence after curative resection
Authors: Wakayama Kenji , Kamiyama Toshiya , Yokoo Hideki , Orimo Tatsuya , Shimada Shingo , Einama Takahiro , Kamachi Hirofumi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of huge (≥10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the recurrence pattern and the prognosis after hepatectomy.Methods574 patients who underwent hepatectomy by 17 surgeons (Open 536 and Laparoscopic 38) for HCC without major vascular invasion from 1990 to 2013 at single institute were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsHuge tumor, age, HCV, multiple tumors and microscopic portal invasion are independent risk factors for overall survival (OS), and huge tumor, ICGR15 ≥16%, multiple tumors, moderate/poor histology, microscopic portal invasion and a positive pathological margin are risk factors for relapse‐free survival (RFS). The 5‐year OS and RFS of patients with huge HCC (n = 53) (42.9 and 14.2%) were significantly worse than those of patients with HCC <10 cm (n = 521) (71.3 and 33.1%). Huge tumor is an independent risk factor for initial extra‐hepatic recurrence (Hazard ratio 7.86, P < 0.0001). The 5‐year OS of patients with initial extra‐hepatic recurrence (n = 55) was significantly worse than patients with intra‐hepatic recurrence (n = 338) (16.8 vs. 50.5%).ConclusionsHuge HCC (≥10 cm) is an independent risk factor due to a high risk for initial extra‐hepatic recurrence. Future systemic adjuvant therapy is needed for these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:324–329. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of microcystins using high‐performance liquid chromatography and magnetic solid‐phase extraction with silica‐coated magnetite with cetylpyridinium chloride
Authors: Li Qiuying , Lian Lili , Wang Xiyue , Wang Runnan , Tian Yuanyuan , Guo Xiaoyang , Lou Dawei 
Published: February 2017

Microcystins (MCs), produced by freshwater cyanobacteria, can be serious water pollutants, so it is important to monitor their concentration in drinking water. We have developed a method for rapid and accurate determination of microcystin levels in environmental water, using magnetic solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The magnetic composite material, which was combined with cetylpyridinium chloride, was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The optimal extraction of microcystins in water sample was achieved by optimizing the amount of adsorbent, time of adsorption, ratio of eluting solvent, and volume of eluent. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection of MC‐LR was 0.001 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.0028 μg/L. The limit of detection of MC‐RR was 0.001 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.003 μg/L. These values are far lower than those established by the International Health Organization for the maximum concentration of microcystins in drinking water. The magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent used in this method has the advantages of simple preparation, low price, and easy solid–liquid separation, and it can be used for the rapid and sensitive monitoring of trace microcystins in environmental water samples.
Illustrating the Power of fsQCA in Explaining Paradoxical Consumer Environmental Orientations
Authors: Schmitt Ann Kristin , Grawe Andreas , Woodside Arch G. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPrior research on proenvironmental and prosocial behavior focuses primarily on explaining consistent rather than paradoxical tendencies. Even though this field receives wide attention from different scientific disciplines, findings for many causal factors of such proenvironmental orientation are contradictory. Nevertheless, knowing who those individuals are who think and behave in a pro‐/antienvironmental way or show a paradoxical behavior in this regard becomes useful for many different parties in human societies including public policy makers, governmental and nongovernmental environmental protection organizations, and for‐profit firms. Therefore, this study identifies those individuals who show neither consistent proenvironmental nor consistent antienvironmental tendencies as the “walkers‐only” and “talkers‐only” (i.e., for short, “walkers” and “talkers”). The former are defined as persons who put much effort into the recycling of waste materials but do not support pollution standards, whereas the latter term describes individuals who have a strong opinion with regard to the support of pollution standards yet do not engage in recycling efforts. The present study reports evidence of the existence of walkers and talkers. Further, this research is the first study to employ “fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis” to identify the complex antecedent conditions for some individuals’ paradoxical belief–behaviors in the field of socially and environmentally directed behaviors and orientations. The findings yield valuable insights both into the applicability and benefits of configural analysis and for public policy makers and managers in waste management and recycling industries.
Investigation of Tacticity and Living Characteristics of Photoredox‐Mediated Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Pascual Laura M. M. , Goetz Adam E. , Roehrich Adrienne M. , Boydston Andrew J. 
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the microstructures of polymers produced via photoredox‐mediated metal‐free ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. Polynorbornene, poly(exo‐dihydrodicyclopentadiene), and poly(endo‐dicyclopentadiene) were found to have cis olefin contents of 23%, 24%, and 28%, respectively. Additionally, the cis/trans ratio remained consistent during the course of norbornene polymerization. Polymer tacticity was evaluated by quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy, which revealed each polymer to be largely atactic. Specifically, the three polymers were estimated to be 33%, 58%, and 55% syndiotactic, respectively. In parallel, this study also explored the ability to produce diblock copolymers from norbornene and exo‐dihydrodicyclopentadiene. Successful diblock copolymerization was achieved using either monomer order. In each case, however, the results suggested to us that chain–chain coupling (increased molecular weight) and irreversible termination (dead chains observed during attempted chain extension) occurred when reaction times were extended.
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Non‐invasive evaluation of blood oxygen saturation and hematocrit from T1 and T2 relaxation times: In‐vitro validation in fetal blood
Authors: Portnoy Sharon , Seed Mike , Sled John G. , Macgowan Christopher K. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeWe propose an analytical method for calculating blood hematocrit (Hct) and oxygen saturation (sO2) from measurements of its T1 and T2 relaxation times.TheoryThrough algebraic substitution, established two‐compartment relationships describing
and
as a function of hematocrit and oxygen saturation were rearranged to solve for Hct and sO2 in terms of R1 and R2. Resulting solutions for Hct and sO2 are the roots of cubic polynomials.MethodsFeasibility of the method was established by comparison of Hct and sO2 estimates obtained from relaxometry measurements (at 1.5 Tesla) in cord blood specimens to ground‐truth values obtained by blood gas analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to assess the effect of T1, T2 measurement uncertainty on precision of Hct and sO2 estimates.ResultsGood agreement was observed between estimated and ground‐truth blood properties (bias = 0.01; 95% limits of agreement = ±0.13 for Hct and sO2). Considering the combined effects of biological variability and random measurement noise, we estimate a typical uncertainty of ±0.1 for Hct, sO2 estimates.ConclusionResults demonstrate accurate quantification of Hct and sO2 from T1 and T2. This method is applicable to noninvasive fetal vessel oximetry—an application where existing oximetry devices are unusable or require risky blood‐sampling procedures. Magn Reson Med 78:2352–2359, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.