bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-Needle Aspiration Versus Frozen Section in the Evaluation of Malignant Thyroid Nodules in Patients With the Diagnosis of Suspicious for Malignancy or Malignancy by Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: Ye Qin , Woo Jennifer S. , Zhao Qunzi , Wang Ping , Huang Pintong , Chen Lirong , Li Xin , Xu Kanlun , Yong Ying , (Sung-Eun) Yang Stephanie , Rao Jianyu 
Published: April 2017

Context.—The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology recommends against the use of intraoperative frozen section (FS) during lobectomy of a thyroid nodule with a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of malignant. Bethesda recommendations for FS in the FNA category of suspicious for malignancy (SFM) is less well-defined. In some institutions in China, FS examination is performed during lobectomy even for FNA-proven malignant cases.Objective.——To compare the efficacy of FNA versus FS in the evaluation of malignant thyroid lesions.Design.—A 3-year retrospective analysis from a single institution was performed on cases with an FNA diagnosis of SFM or malignant with subsequent FS examination during thyroidectomy. The results of FNA and FS findings were compared to the final thyroidectomy pathology.Results.——A total of 5832 thyroidectomy procedures were performed: 1265 cases had FNA and FS results available. Fine-needle aspiration gave a diagnosis of SFM to 306 cases and a diagnosis of malignant to 821 cases. Of the SFM cases, 10.5% (32 of 306) had benign/indeterminate, 4.6% (14 of 306) suspicious, and 84.9% (260 of 306) malignant FS results. Final pathology showed 56.3% (18 of 32), 64.3% (9 of 14), and 100% (260 of 260) malignancy rates, respectively. For the malignant FNA group, 10.0% (82 of 821) had benign/indeterminate, 4.4% (36 of 821) suspicious, and 85.6% (703 of 821) malignant FS results. The final pathology showed 96.4% (79 of 82), 97.2% (35 of 36), and 99.9% (702 of 703) malignancy rates, respectively.Conclusions.—Frozen section should not be performed for the malignant FNA category because FS evaluation may result in 10% falsely negative findings. Performing FS for SFM may be better justified; however, more than half of FS cases read as benign in this category had malignant final pathology. Therefore, caution should be taken for FS results even in the SFM group.
Responsabilité environnementale des entreprises et régulation extraterritoriale
Authors: Bommier Swann 
Published: April 2017

Dans une économie globalisée, promouvoir la responsabilité environnementale des entreprises est un défi majeur. Des organisations internationales ont peu à peu établi des cadres normatifs et des instances de régulation pour rendre les entreprises redevables de leurs impacts environnementaux devant des audiences transnationales. Durant deux ans, nous avons étudié l’instance de régulation mise en place par l’ocdedans le cadre de ses principes directeurs à l’intention des multinationales. Nous démontrons ici que cette instance ne répond que partiellement aux enjeux environnementaux contemporains : son architecture institutionnelle compromet son indépendance, tandis que son mandat extraterritorial ne parvient pas à envisager les enjeux environnementaux dans leur globalité.
Factors associated with retention in Option B+ in Malawi: a case control study
Authors: Hoffman Risa M , Phiri Khumbo , Parent Julie , Grotts Jonathan , Elashoff David , Kawale Paul , Yeatman Sara , Currier Judith S , Schooley Alan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction: There are limited data on factors associated with retention in Option B+. We sought to explore the characteristics of women retained in Option B+ in Malawi, with a focus on the role of HIV disclosure, awareness of partner HIV status, and knowledge around the importance of Option B+ for maternal–child health.Methods: We performed a case‐control study of HIV‐infected women in Malawi initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ART) under Option B+. Cases were enrolled if they met criteria for default from Option B+ (out of ART for >60 days), and controls were enrolled in approximately 3:1 ratio if they were retained in care for at least 12 months. We surveyed socio‐demographic characteristics, HIV disclosure and awareness of partner HIV status, self‐report about receiving pre‐ART education, and knowledge of Option B+. Univariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with retention. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between HIV disclosure, Option B+ knowledge, and retention after adjusting for age, schooling, and travel time to clinic.Results: We enrolled 50 cases and 153 controls. Median age was 30 years (interquartile range (IQR) 25–34), and the majority (82%) initiated ART during pregnancy at a median gestational age of 24 weeks (IQR 16–28). Ninety‐one per cent of the cases (39/43) who started ART during pregnancy defaulted by three months postpartum. HIV disclosure to the primary sex partner was more common among women retained in care (100% versus 78%, p < 0.001). Odds of retention were significantly higher among women with: age >25 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.44), completion of primary school (OR 3.06), awareness of partner HIV status (OR 5.20), pre‐ART education (OR 6.17), higher number of correct answers to Option B+ knowledge questions (OR 1.82), and support while taking ART (OR 3.65). Pre‐ART education and knowledge were significantly correlated (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, awareness of partner HIV status (OR 4.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–10.94, p = 0.02) and Option B+ knowledge (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15–2.23, p = 0.004) remained associated with retention.Conclusions: Interventions that address partner disclosure and strengthen pre‐ART education around the benefits of ART for maternal and child health should be evaluated to improve retention in Malawi's Option B+ programme.
Whole genome sequencing of group AStreptococcus: development and evaluation of an automated pipeline foremmgene typing
Authors: Kapatai Georgia , Coelho Juliana , Platt Steven , Chalker Victoria J. 
Published: April 2017

Streptococcus pyogenesgroup AStreptococcus(GAS) is the most common cause of bacterial throat infections, and can cause mild to severe skin and soft tissue infections, including impetigo, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, as well as systemic and fatal infections including septicaemia and meningitis. Estimated annual incidence for invasive group A streptococcal infection (iGAS) in industrialised countries is approximately three per 100,000 per year. Typing is currently used in England and Wales to monitor bacterial strains ofS. pyogenescausing invasive infections and those isolated from patients and healthcare/care workers in cluster and outbreak situations. Sequence analysis of theemmgene is the currently accepted gold standard methodology for GAS typing. A comprehensive database ofemmtypes observed from superficial and invasive GAS strains from England and Wales informs outbreak control teams during investigations. Each year the Bacterial Reference Department, Public Health England (PHE) receives approximately 3,000 GAS isolates from England and Wales. In April 2014 the Bacterial Reference Department, PHE began genomic sequencing of referredS. pyogenesisolates and those pertaining to selected elderly/nursing care or maternity clusters from 2010 to inform future reference services and outbreak analysis (n = 3, 047). In line with the modernizing strategy of PHE, we developed a novel bioinformatics pipeline that can predictemmtypes using whole genome sequence (WGS) data. The efficiency of this method was measured by comparing theemmtype assigned by this method against the result from the current gold standard methodology; concordance toemmsubtype level was observed in 93.8% (2,852/3,040) of our cases, whereas in 2.4% (n = 72) of our cases concordance was observed toemmtype level. The remaining 3.8% (n = 117) of our cases corresponded to novel types/subtypes, contamination, laboratory sample transcription errors or problems arising from high sequence similarity of the allele sequence or low mapping coverage. De novo assembly analysis was performed in the two latter groups (n = 72 + 117) and was able to diagnose the problem and where possible resolve the discordance (60/72 and 20/117, respectively). Overall, we have demonstrated that our WGS emm-typing pipeline is a reliable and robust system that can be implemented to determine emm type for the routine service.
Barriers to the use of personal health records by patients: a structured review
Authors: Showell Chris 
Published: April 2017

Introduction
An increasing focus on personal electronic health records (PHRs) offers healthcare benefits for patients, particularly those in undeserved and marginalised populations, who are at risk of receiving less effective healthcare, and may have worse health outcomes. However, PHRs are likely to favour text, technical and health literate users, and be less suitable for disadvantaged patients. These concerns have prompted this review of the literature, which seeks evidence about barriers to the adoption and continued use of PHRs, the nature of the evidence for those barriers, and the stage of PHR implementation where particular barriers apply.

Methods
Searches in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and ProQuest databases were used to retrieve articles published in English after 2003 in a refereed journal, or presented in a refereed conference or scientific meeting. After screening to remove items which were out of scope, the phase of the PHR implementation, the type of investigation, and PHR barriers were categorised using thematic coding.

Results
The search retrieved 395 items; screening identified 34 in-scope publications, which provided evidence of 21 identified barriers to patient adoption and continued use of PHRs, categorised here as Individual, Demographic, Capability, Health-related, PHR or Attitudinal factors. Barriers were identified in most phases of PHR implementation, and in most types of study. A secondary outcome identified that eleven of the publications may have introduced a bias by excluding participants who were less affluent, less capable, or marginalised.

Conclusions
PHR barriers can interfere with the decision to start using a PHR, with the adoption process, and with continued use, and the impact of particular barriers may vary at different phases of PHR adoption. The complex interrelationships which exist between many of the barriers is suggested in some publications, and emerges more clearly from this review. Many PHR barriers appear to be related to low socioeconomic status. A better understanding is needed of how the effect of barriers is manifested, how that effect can be countered, and how planning and implementation of PHR initiatives can make allowance for patient level barriers to PHR adoption and use, with appropriate actions to mitigate the effect of those barriers for more disadvantaged patients.
MMS observations of whistler waves in electron diffusion region
Authors: Cao D. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang T. Y. , Graham D. B. , Chen Z. Z. , Peng F. Z. , Huang S. Y. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , André M. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. L. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Torbert R. B. , Ergun R. E. , Le Contel O. , Burch J. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhistler waves that can produce anomalous resistivity by affecting electrons' motion have been suggested as one of the mechanisms responsible for magnetic reconnection in the electron diffusion region (EDR). Such type of waves, however, has rarely been observed inside the EDR so far. In this study, we report such an observation by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. We find large‐amplitude whistler waves propagating away from the X line with a very small wave‐normal angle. These waves are probably generated by the perpendicular temperature anisotropy of the ~300 eV electrons inside the EDR, according to our analysis of dispersion relation and cyclotron resonance condition; they significantly affect the electron‐scale dynamics of magnetic reconnection and thus support previous simulations.
Fragmentation of wind‐blown snow crystals
Authors: Comola Francesco , Kok Jasper F. , Gaume Johan , Paterna Enrico , Lehning Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics driving the transformation of snowfall crystals into blowing snow particles is critical to correctly account for the energy and mass balances in polar and alpine regions. Here we propose a fragmentation theory of fractal snow crystals that explicitly links the size distribution of blowing snow particles to that of falling snow crystals. We use discrete element modeling of the fragmentation process to support the assumptions made in our theory. By combining this fragmentation model with a statistical mechanics model of blowing snow, we are able to reproduce the characteristic features of blowing snow size distributions measured in the field and in a wind tunnel. In particular, both model and measurements show the emergence of a self‐similar scaling for large particle sizes and a systematic deviation from this scaling for small particle sizes.
Pore network modeling of the electrical signature of solute transport in dual‐domain media
Authors: Day‐Lewis F. D. , Linde N. , Haggerty R. , Singha K. , Briggs M. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDual‐domain models are used to explain anomalous solute transport behavior observed in diverse hydrologic settings and applications, from groundwater remediation to hyporheic exchange. To constrain such models, new methods are needed with sensitivity to both immobile and mobile domains. Recent experiments indicate that dual‐domain transport of ionic tracers has an observable geoelectrical signature, appearing as a nonlinear, hysteretic relation between paired bulk and fluid electrical conductivity. Here we present a mechanistic explanation for this geoelectrical signature and evaluate assumptions underlying a previously published petrophysical model for bulk conductivity in dual‐domain media. Pore network modeling of fluid flow, solute transport, and electrical conduction (1) verifies the geoelectrical signature of dual‐domain transport, (2) reveals limitations of the previously used petrophysical model, and (3) demonstrates that a new petrophysical model, based on differential effective media theory, closely approximates the simulated bulk/fluid conductivity relation. These findings underscore the potential of geophysically based calibration of dual‐domain models.
Statistical Modeling of Behavioral Finance
Authors: Caginalp Gunduz , DeSantis Mark 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present a methodology that is designed to examine the efficiency of a market as well as uncover the motivations of traders. Using a data set of 124 000 daily ETF (exchange traded fund) price observations, the relationship between volume and price efficiency of ETFs is measured by regressing the fractional deviation between the ETF price and net asset value against the volume of the ETF relative to its own mean and standard deviation. A nonlinear relationship is found, providing support for the thesis that for low to moderate levels of volume greater volume leads to greater efficiency. However, efficiency diminishes as one attains very high volume. To determine trader motivations and examine hypothesized behavioral effects, we present a methodology whereby valuation is modeled and used as an independent variable so that much of the noise inherent in changes in valuation is removed. One can thus examine an open‐ended list of behavioral effects. The impact of these effects on price changes can be compared with one another quantitatively. Using higher powers of the trend variable, we find a nonlinear (cubic) relationship for both the ETF and the S&P 100 studies that involve 77 000 and 185 000 data points, respectively.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Auria‐Luna Fernando , Marqués‐López Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis review aims to bring light upon a very interesting group of compounds, the 1,4‐dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHPs). These structures are well‐known pharmacophores, used for many years to treat cardiovascular diseases because of their activity as calcium channel blockers. In addition, their potential as drugs to treat other affections has been recently exposed. The racemic synthesis of 1,4‐DHPs has been well studied, while the asymmetric approaches are mainly based on the use of chiral auxiliaries or chiral resolutions. However, there are scarce examples regarding enantioselective organocatalytic methods. Herein, we will summarize the existing examples in this field of research.magnified image
Pyrazine based Pt(II) bis‐alkynyl organometallic complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effect on A549 human lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Bhowmick Sourav , Jana Achintya , Marri Subba R. , Gupta Prerak , Behera J.N. , Mandal Biman B. , Das Neeladri 
Published: April 2017

A facile and efficient synthesis of a series of five new pyrazine‐based organometallic complexes is being reported. The complexes (2–6) have been fully characterized. Molecules 2, 3 and 6 were structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Additionally, anticancer properties of these organometallic complexes have been studied against A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Biological studies suggest that complex 5 (with pendant pyridine moieties) exhibited maximal growth inhibitory cytotoxic effect even at lower concentration (nearly 0.5–1 μM) whereas the other four compounds (2, 3, 4 and 6) were non‐toxic below 1 μM concentration. Two complexes (4 and 6) were effective only at higher doses (approx 30 μM) while the remaining two organometallic complexes (2 and 3) were able to inhibit 50% cell growth at slightly lower concentration (nearly 10 μM). As far as IC50 is concerned, 5 exhibited a minimum value ranging between 3–5 μM which is comparable with cisplatin under similar conditions.
Vowel decoding from single‐trial speech‐evoked electrophysiological responses: A feature‐based machine learning approach
Authors: Yi Han G. , Xie Zilong , Reetzke Rachel , Dimakis Alexandros G. , Chandrasekaran Bharath 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionScalp‐recorded electrophysiological responses to complex, periodic auditory signals reflect phase‐locked activity from neural ensembles within the auditory system. These responses, referred to as frequency‐following responses (FFRs), have been widely utilized to index typical and atypical representation of speech signals in the auditory system. One of the major limitations in FFR is the low signal‐to‐noise ratio at the level of single trials. For this reason, the analysis relies on averaging across thousands of trials. The ability to examine the quality of single‐trial FFRs will allow investigation of trial‐by‐trial dynamics of the FFR, which has been impossible due to the averaging approach.MethodsIn a novel, data‐driven approach, we used machine learning principles to decode information related to the speech signal from single trial FFRs. FFRs were collected from participants while they listened to two vowels produced by two speakers. Scalp‐recorded electrophysiological responses were projected onto a low‐dimensional spectral feature space independently derived from the same two vowels produced by 40 speakers, which were not presented to the participants. A novel supervised machine learning classifier was trained to discriminate vowel tokens on a subset of FFRs from each participant, and tested on the remaining subset.ResultsWe demonstrate reliable decoding of speech signals at the level of single‐trials by decomposing the raw FFR based on information‐bearing spectral features in the speech signal that were independently derived.ConclusionsTaken together, the ability to extract interpretable features at the level of single‐trials in a data‐driven manner offers unchartered possibilities in the noninvasive assessment of human auditory function.
Additional coronary sinus shocking lead as rescue therapy after multiple internal and external defibrillation failures
Authors: Chauveau Samuel , Dulac Arnaud , Sebbag Laurent , Morel Elodie , Chevalier Philippe 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageHigh defibrillation threshold (DFT) and defibrillation failure can lead to intractable ventricular arrhythmias. Additional coronary sinus coil is an effective strategy to achieve marked reduction in DFT. However, physicians should retain this might prevent future coronary sinus lead placement in case the patient would develop complete left bundle branch block.
Palladium Copper Chromium Ternary Nanoparticles Constructed In situ within a Basic Resin: Enhanced Activity in the Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Naka Kohei , Masuda Shinya , Miyawaki Kohei , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPdCuCr ternary nanoparticles (NPs) responsible for the efficient production of H2 from formic acid are constructed in situ during the initial catalytic reaction within a macroreticular basic resin that possesses −N(CH3)2 functional groups. A high H2 production rate of 174 000 mL h−1 gpd−1 with a high turnover frequency of 830 h−1 based on Pd can be achieved, which is substantially higher than that obtained with bimetallic PdCu and PdCr and monometallic Pd NPs. Physicochemical characterization was performed by using X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The kinetic isotope effect revealed not only the stabilization of highly dispersed NPs but also the boosting of the C−H bond dissociation step by a synergistic alloying effect induced by the introduction of Cr atoms, which plays an important role to achieve efficient catalytic activity. Moreover, this heterogeneous catalytic system exhibits high durability without agglomeration and leaching and has potential for applications in high‐pressure gas‐evolution systems.
Water‐Soluble Naked Gold Nanoclusters Are Not Luminescent
Authors: Londoño‐Larrea Pablo , Vanegas Julie P. , Cuaran‐Acosta Daniel , Zaballos‐García Elena , Pérez‐Prieto Julia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHere, the synthesis of water‐dispersible naked gold nanoclusters (AuNCnaked) is reported by a simple reduction of HAuCl4 with NaOH at room temperature, and it is shown that they are non‐luminescent. They are then easily passivated with different thiols and adenosine monophosphate, leading to luminescent NCs. This is an important finding because the photoluminescence of the passivated NCs can now be clearly attributed to the ligand–AuNC surface interaction. These results are also highly relevant from the point of view of the preparation of luminescent NCs from the same NC batch. This strategy can be valuable for the preparation of a broad range of nano(bio)composites.