bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of tree biochar in PDMS pervaporation membranes
Authors: Lan Yongqiang , Wang Weihong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, three kinds of biomass materials (lodgepole pine bark, larch wood, larch bark) were used to prepare biochar (BB), and the prepared products as fillers were mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for preparing composite membranes which were used for separating ethanol from water by pervaporation (PV). In accordance with the experiment results, the lodgepole pine bark BB was the best filler for the selective membrane to ethanol. The silane coupling agents NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 (KH‐550) and CH2=CH‐Si(OCH3)3 (YDH‐171) were applied in the modification of lodgepole pine bark BB. And the separation performances of the BB/PDMS composite membranes were researched in detail. The results showed that the permeability (flux and separation factor) of composite membranes has been significantly improved with the addition of modified BB. YDH‐171 was more effective than KH‐550. The optimum PV performances (the separation factor 11.3 and the corresponding flux 227.25 g m−2 h−1) were obtained by adding 3 wt. % modified BB for a 10 wt. % and 40°C ethanol solution. This study indicated the potential application of BB nanoparticles in preparing pervaporation separation membrane.
Recent Advances in Designing and Fabricating Self‐Supported Nanoelectrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Huaping , Liu Long , Vellacheri Ranjith , Lei Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOwing to the outstanding advantages as electrical energy storage system, supercapacitors have attracted tremendous research interests over the past decade. Current research efforts are being devoted to improve the energy storage capabilities of supercapacitors through either discovering novel electroactive materials or nanostructuring existing electroactive materials. From the device point of view, the energy storage performance of supercapacitor not only depends on the electroactive materials themselves, but importantly, relies on the structure of electrode whether it allows the electroactive materials to reach their full potentials for energy storage. With respect to utilizing nanostructured electroactive materials, the key issue is to retain all advantages of the nanoscale features for supercapacitors when being assembled into electrodes and the following devices. Rational design and fabrication of self‐supported nanoelectrodes is therefore considered as the most promising strategy to address this challenge. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in designing and fabricating self‐supported nanoelectrodes for supercapacitors towards high energy storage capability. Self‐supported homogeneous and heterogeneous nanoelectrodes in the forms of one‐dimensional (1D) nanoarrays, two‐dimensional (2D) nanoarrays, and three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous architectures are introduced with their representative results presented. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed.
FeS2 Nanoparticles Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide toward Robust, High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yanan , Xu Shaomao , Li Yuanchang , Jacob Rohit Jiji , Kuang Yudi , Liu Boyang , Wang Yilin , Pastel Glenn , Salamanca‐Riba Lourdes G. , Zachariah Michael R. , Hu Liangbing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, highly efficient, and robust earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical for the scalable production of clean and sustainable hydrogen fuel through electrochemical water splitting. This study presents a facile approach for the synthesis of nanostructured pyrite‐phase transition metal dichalcogenides as highly active, earth‐abundant catalysts in electrochemical hydrogen production. Iron disulfide (FeS2) nanoparticles are in situ loaded and stabilized on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) through a current‐induced high‐temperature rapid thermal shock (≈12 ms) of crushed iron pyrite powder. FeS2 nanoparticles embedded in between RGO exhibit remarkably improved electrocatalytic performance for HER, achieving 10 mA cm−2 current at an overpotential as low as 139 mV versus a reversible hydrogen electrode with outstanding long‐term stability under acidic conditions. The presented strategy for the design and synthesis of highly active earth‐abundant nanomaterial catalysts paves the way for low‐cost and large‐scale electrochemical energy applications.
Long‐Lasting Nanophosphors Applied to UV‐Resistant and Energy Storage Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Cong , Li Hao , Jin Junjie , Chen Xu , Cheng Yu , Zheng Yan , Liu Dali , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei , Dai Qilin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecently, considerable progress is achieved in lab prototype perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, the stability of outdoor applications of PSCs remains a challenge due to the high sensitivity of perovskite material under moist and ultraviolet (UV) light conditions. In this work, the UV photostability of PSC devices is improved by incorporating a photon downshifting layer—SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAED)—prepared using the pulsed laser deposition approach. Light‐induced deep trap states in the photoactive layer are depressed, and UV light‐induced device degradation is inhibited after the SAED modification. Optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.8% is obtained through the enhanced light harvesting and reduced carrier recombination provided by SAED. More importantly, a solar energy storage effect due to the long‐persistent luminescence of SAED is obtained after light illumination is turned off. The introduction of downconverting material with long‐persistent luminescence in PSCs not only represents a new strategy to improve PCE and light stability by photoconversion from UV to visible light but also provides a new paradigm for solar energy storage.
Sustainable and Site‐Selective C−H Sulfenylation of Aromatic Compounds with Thiol using Catalytic Graphene Oxide and NaI
Authors: Choudhury Prasun , Roy Babli , Basu Basudeb 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) in combination with NaI is used as the catalytic system for site‐selective C−H sulfenylation of 1H‐indole, 2‐naphthol, resorcinol and 2‐naphthylamines with thiols. The reaction is usually achieved in the presence of metal catalysts as well as under metal‐free conditions using iodine and a strong oxidizing agent. The present protocol avoids the use of any metal catalysts, strong oxidizing agents and the use of thiols instead of other sulfur‐based reagents making it atom‐economic and environmentally benign. Broader tolerance to functional groups has been tested and a plausible mechanism is proposed. The recovered GO can be recycled without significant loss in catalytic activity up to four runs.
Synthesis of Chlorine‐Substituted Graphdiyne and Applications for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Ning , He Jianjiang , Tu Zeyi , Yang Ze , Zhao Fuhua , Li Xiaodong , Huang Changshui , Wang Kun , Jiu Tonggang , Yi Yuanping , Li Yuliang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChlorine‐substituted graphdiyne (Cl‐GDY) is prepared through a Glaser–Hay coupling reaction on the copper foil. Cl‐GDY is endowed with a unique π‐conjugated carbon skeleton with expanded pore size in two dimensions, having graphdiyne‐like sp‐ and sp2‐ hybridized carbon atoms. As a result, the transfer tunnels for lithium (Li) ions in the perpendicular direction of the molecular plane are enlarged. Moreover, benefiting from the bottom‐to‐up fabrication procedure of graphdiyne and the strong chemical tailorability of the alkinyl‐contained monomer, the amount of substitutional chlorine atoms with appropriate electronegativity and atom size is high and evenly distributed on the as‐prepared carbon framework, which will synergistically stabilize the Li intercalated in the Cl‐GDY framework, and thus generate more Li storage sites. Profiting from the above unique structure, Cl‐GDY shows remarkable electrochemical properties in lithium ion half‐cells.
Brief Report: Rare X Chromosome Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Rohan , Harris Valerie M. , Cavett Joshua , Kurien Biji T. , Liu Ke , Koelsch Kristi A. , Fayaaz Anum , Chaudhari Kaustubh S. , Radfar Lida , Lewis David , Stone Donald U. , Kaufman C. Erick , Li Shibo , Segal Barbara , Wallace Daniel J. , Weisman Michael H. , Venuturupalli Swamy , Kelly Jennifer A. , Pons‐Estel Bernardo , Jonsson Roland , Lu Xianglan , Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Anaya Juan‐Manuel , Cunninghame‐Graham Deborah S. , Huang Andrew J. W. , Brennan Michael T. , Hughes Pamela , Alevizos Ilias , Miceli‐Richard Corinne , Keystone Edward C. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Hirschfield Gideon , Nordmark Gunnel , Bucher Sara Magnusson , Eriksson Per , Omdal Roald , Rhodus Nelson L. , Rischmueller Maureen , Rohrer Michael , Wahren‐Herlenius Marie , Witte Torsten , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta , Mariette Xavier , Lessard Christopher J. , Harley John B. , Ng Wan‐Fai , Rasmussen Astrid , Sivils Kathy L. , Scofield R. Hal 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveSjögren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are related by clinical and serologic manifestations as well as genetic risks. Both diseases are more commonly found in women than in men, at a ratio of ~10 to 1. Common X chromosome aneuploidies, 47,XXY and 47,XXX, are enriched among men and women, respectively, in either disease, suggesting a dose effect on the X chromosome.MethodsWe examined cohorts of SS and SLE patients by constructing intensity plots of X chromosome single‐nucleotide polymorphism alleles, along with determining the karyotype of selected patients.ResultsAmong ~2,500 women with SLE, we found 3 patients with a triple mosaic, consisting of 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX. Among ~2,100 women with SS, 1 patient had 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX, with a triplication of the distal p arm of the X chromosome in the 47,XXX cells. Neither the triple mosaic nor the partial triplication was found among the controls. In another SS cohort, we found a mother/daughter pair with partial triplication of this same region of the X chromosome. The triple mosaic occurs in ~1 in 25,000–50,000 live female births, while partial triplications are even rarer.ConclusionVery rare X chromosome abnormalities are present among patients with either SS or SLE and may inform the location of a gene(s) that mediates an X dose effect, as well as critical cell types in which such an effect is operative.
Loss of SRY-box2 (SOX2) expression and its impact on survival of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: ten Kate F J C , van Olphen S H , Bruno M J , Wijnhoven B P L , van Lanschot J J B , Looijenga L H J , Fitzgerald R C , Biermann K 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor survival, which is highly variable amongst patients with comparable conventional prognosticators. Therefore molecular biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the prediction of survival in these patients. SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor involved in embryonal development of the gastrointestinal tract as well as in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to see whether SOX2 expression is associated with survival in patients with OAC.

Methods
SOX2 was studied by immunohistochemistry in patients who had undergone potentially curative oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma. Protein expression of SOX2 was evaluated using tissue microarrays from resection specimens, and results were analysed in relation to the clinical data by Cox regression analysis. SOX2 was evaluated in two independent OAC cohorts (Rotterdam cohort and a multicentre UK cohort).

Results
Loss of SOX2 expression was independently predictive of adverse overall survival in the multivariable analysis, adjusted for known factors influencing survival, in both cohorts (Rotterdam cohort: hazard ratio (HR) 1·42, 95 per cent c.i. 1·07 to 1·89, P = 0·016; UK cohort: HR 1·54, 1·08 to 2·19, P = 0·017). When combined with clinicopathological staging, loss of SOX2 showed an increased effect in patients with pT1–2 tumours (P = 0·010) and node-negative OAC (P = 0·038), with an incrementally adverse effect on overall survival for stage I OAC with SOX2 loss (HR 3·18, 1·18 to 8·56; P = 0·022).

Conclusion
SOX2 is an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival in OAC, especially in patients with stage I OAC.
Performance Testing of Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Using a Single‐Pellet‐String Reactor
Authors: Moonen Roel , Alles Jeroen , Ras Erik-jan , Harvey Clare , Moulijn Jacob A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSmall‐scale parallel trickle‐bed reactors were used to evaluate the performance of a commercial hydrodesulfurization catalyst under industrially relevant conditions. Catalyst extrudates were loaded as a single string in reactor tubes. It is demonstrated that product sulfur levels and densities obtained with the single‐pellet‐string reactor are close to the results obtained in a bench‐scale fixed‐bed reactor operated under the same conditions. Moreover, parallel single‐pellet‐string reactors show high reproducibility. To study the hydrodynamic effects of the catalyst‐bed packing, the catalyst‐bed length was varied by loading different amounts of catalysts, and crushed catalyst was also loaded.
Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Cotton Stalks for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Xiaonan , Wang Chuanyi , Yin Jiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, cotton stalks (CSs), as an earth‐abundant biomass, were originally proposed as a new carbonaceous precursor to prepare hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs) with the activation of various concentrations of H3PO4 at high temperatures. A variety of measurements including SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, XPS and FTIR have been adopted to systemically investigate the micromorphology, pore structure, and surface chemistry of the HPCs. The CS‐derived HPCs (CSHPCs) have large specific surface areas up to 1403.123 m2 g−1 and a broad pore‐size distribution indicates their hierarchically porous structures. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the capacitance and rate performance of the HPCs. The investigations illustrated that CSHPCs possess a high specific capacitance up to 175 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in 2 M KOH. In addition, CSHPCs have good long‐term cycling stability and more than 90 % of the initial capacity is retained after 10000 cycles at a large current density of 1 A g−1.
In Situ Autofluorescence Spectroelectrochemistry for the Study of Microbial Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Schmidt Igor , Pieper Alexander , Wichmann Hilke , Bunk Boyke , Huber Katharina , Overmann Jörg , Walla Peter Jomo , Schröder Uwe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere, we propose the use of in situ autofluorescence spectroelectrochemistry to gain access to the mechanisms of the extracellular electron transfer (EET) of electrochemically active bacteria. By studying the spectroelectrochemical behavior of biofilms enriched with Geobacter anodireducens, we i) determine the chemical nature of the respective EET components, ii) address kinetic EET aspects, and iii) propose potential‐dependent structural changes of outer membrane cytochromes during EET.
Short Peptides Directing 1D Helical Arrays of Polyoxometalates with Controllable Pitches
Authors: Li Jingfang , Li Xiangyi , Jiang Fengrui , Li Xiaodong , Xie Xiaoming , Wu Lixin , Wang Liyan , Lee Myongsoo , Li Wen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of cationic peptides with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues were elaborately designed and synthesized. These kinds of short peptides with protonated lysine groups can interact with anionic polyoxometalate nanoclusters through multivalent ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of helical polyoxometalate arrays in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were utilized to characterize the self‐assembled structures. TEM revealed that the polyoxometalate clusters form periodic arrays within the helical nanofibers. This work reports that the handedness of the helical fibers was attributed to the precise chirality expression of peptides. The l‐type peptide directed the formation of left‐handed polyoxometalate arrays, whereas right‐handed polyoxometalate arrays were observed when the peptide was constituted by d‐amino acids. It was also found that the pitch of the helical nanofibers is inversely proportional to the hydrophobicity of peptides with less hydrophobicity giving a larger helical pitch.
Cooperative Activation of Cobalt–Salen Complexes for Epoxide Hydration Promoted on Flexible Porous Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhong Mingmei , Li He , Chen Jian , Tao Lin , Li Can , Yang Qihua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeveloping solid catalysts with multiple active sites working cooperatively is desirable for efficient chemical transformations. However, most solid catalysts are rigid and impede the cooperation between their spatially isolated active sites. Two flexible porous organic frameworks (POFs) with integrated Co(salen) as active sites have been successfully synthesized for mimicking the cooperative modes of enzymes. The POFs exhibit second‐order rate dependence on Co(salen) concentration in the network and afford much higher TOF (3300 versus 2670 h−1) than the homogeneous counterpart in the hydration of propylene epoxide. POFs with a flexible network thus not only facilitate but also enhance the cooperation of nearby Co(salen). Moreover, POFs could catalyze oversized substrates, have a wide substrate scope, and exhibit high stability.
Vitamin K antagonists with or without long‐term antiplatelet therapy in outpatients with stable coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation: Association with ischemic and bleeding events
Authors: Lemesle Gilles , Ducrocq Gregory , Elbez Yedid , Van Belle Eric , Goto Shinya , Cannon Christopher P. , Bauters Christophe , Bhatt Deepak L. , Steg Philippe Gabriel ,   for the REACH Investigators
Published: July 2017

BackgroundIt remains uncertain whether patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring long‐term oral anticoagulation (OAC) and with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) should receive antiplatelet therapy (APT) in addition to OAC.HypothesisAPT in addition to OAC would be more effective than OAC alone in preventing ischaemic events in such patients.MethodsIn the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry including 68 236 outpatients with or at risk for atherothrombosis, we identified 2347 patients with stable CAD and AF receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Using propensity score matching, patients treated with VKA (n = 1481) were compared with those receiving VKA + APT at inclusion (n = 866). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 4 years (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke). Secondary outcomes were all‐cause death and bleeding leading to hospitalization and transfusion.ResultsPatients receiving VKA only were older (74 vs 72 years, P < 0.01), had less diabetes (37% vs 42%, P = 0.02), and less frequent history of percutaneous coronary intervention (28.7% vs 43.9%, P < 0.01). The mean CHA2DS2‐VaSc score was 4.9 in the VKA group vs 4.7 in the VKA + APT group (P < 0.01). After propensity score matching, the rate of MACE was similar between groups: hazard ratio = 1.01 (0.77‐1.33) (P = 0.94), whereas bleeding tended to be more frequent in the VKA + APT group: odds ratio = 1.87 (0.99‐3.50) (P = 0.051).ConclusionsIn this observational analysis, the use of APT in addition to OAC in patients with stable CAD and AF was not associated with lower risk of ischemic events but possibly with higher bleeding rates. Randomized trials are necessary to determine the optimal long‐term antithrombotic strategy.
Influence of the Water Phase State on the Thermodynamics of Aqueous‐Phase Reforming for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ripken Renée M. , Meuldijk Jan , Gardeniers Johannes G. E. , Le Gac Séverine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydrogen is a promising renewable energy source that can be produced from biomass using aqueous‐phase reforming (APR). Here, using data obtained from AspenPlus and the literature, we evaluated the phase state, temperature‐dependent enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy for the APR of small biomass model substrates. Phase equilibrium studies reveal that, under typical APR reaction conditions, the reaction mixture is in the liquid phase. Therefore, we show for the first time that the water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR), which is the second main reaction of APR, must be modeled in the liquid phase, resulting in an endothermic instead of an exothermic enthalpy of reaction. A significant implication of this finding is that, although APR has been introduced as more energy saving than conventional reforming methods, the WGSR in APR has a comparable energy demand to the WGSR in steam reforming (SR).
Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocyte polyploidy and a labile intracellular protein using zinc‐based fixation
Authors: Gertz Jacqueline M. , Meuser Megan , Bouchard Beth A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDifferentiating megakaryocytes undergo a unique endomitotic cell cycle leading to large polyploidal cells, which fragment to generate platelets, blood cells important for normal hemostasis. Simultaneous assessment of DNA content and cellular proteins by flow cytometry is a useful tool to study megakaryocyte differentiation and to define expression of proteins important for megakaryocyte development and platelet formation. The usefulness of zinc salt‐based fixation (ZBF), a non‐crosslinking method of cell fixation that permits downstream analysis of nucleic acids (Jensen et al., Cytometry A 2010;77A:798–804), in flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocyte ploidy in conjunction with extracellular and intracellular proteins was assessed. ZBF of a megakaryocyte‐like cell line resulted in preservation of proteins similar to paraformaldehyde fixation, and preservation of DNA content in a manner similar to methanol fixation. This is highlighted by experiments in which polyploidal megakaryocytes were analyzed simultaneously for endocytosis of a fluorescently‐labeled, endocytosed labile protein or expression of a cell surface integrin and DNA content. These studies demonstrate that ZBF will be a valuable tool to study the molecular events leading to platelet formation. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry