bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall status of carbapenem resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghahramani Ali , Naghadian Moghaddam Mohammad Mahdi , Kianparsa Joben , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Resistance to carbapenems, the first-line treatment for infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, is increasing throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to determine the global status of resistance to carbapenems in clinical isolates of this pathogen, worldwide.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched using the appropriate keywords, including: ‘Acinetobacter’ ‘baumannii’, ‘Acinetobacter baumannii’ and ‘A. baumannii’, ‘resistance’, ‘antibiotic resistance’, ‘antibiotic susceptibility’, ‘antimicrobial resistance’, ‘antimicrobial susceptibility’, ‘carbapenem’, ‘carbapenems’, ‘imipenem’, ‘meropenem’ and ‘doripenem’. Finally, following some exclusions, 177 studies from various countries were included in this study. The data were then subjected to a meta-analysis.

Results
The average resistance rate of A. baumannii to imipenem, meropenem and doripenem was 44.7%, 59.4% and 72.7%, respectively. A high level of heterogeneity (I2 &gt; 50%, P value &lt; 0.05) was detected in the studies representing resistance to imipenem, meropenem and doripenem in A. baumannii isolates. Begg’s and Egger’s tests did not indicate publication bias (P value &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings of the current study indicate that the overall resistance to carbapenems in clinical isolates of A. baumannii is relatively high and prevalent throughout the world. Moreover, time trend analysis showed that the resistance has increased from the year 2000 to 2023. This emphasizes the importance of conducting routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing before selecting a course of treatment, as well as monitoring and controlling antibiotic resistance patterns in A. baumannii strains, and seeking novel treatment options to lessen the emergence and spread of resistant strains and to reduce the treatment failure.
Long-term monitoring of the hypogeal Etruscan Tomba degli Scudi, Tarquinia, Italy. Early detection of black spots, investigation of fungal community, and evaluation of their biodeterioration potential
Authors: Kratter Matilde , Beccaccioli Marzia , Vassallo Ylenia , Benedetti Francesca , La Penna Giancarlo , Proietti Anacleto , Zanellato Gianluca , Faino Luigi , Cirigliano Angela , Neisje de Kruif Fiona , Tomassetti Maria Cristina , Rossi Marco , Reverberi Massimo , Quagliariello Andrea , Rinaldi Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Hypogeal environments with cultural heritage interest pose a real challenge for their preservation and conservation. The ancient Etruscan Necropolis of Tarquinia, Italy, consists of 200 tombs decorated with extraordinary mural paintings, of great artistic and historical value. Since the beginning of the restoration campaign in 2016, a regular microbiological survey has been performed in the Tomba degli Scudi. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of an expansion of black spots on the pictorial layers recently observed.

Methods and results
To determine the origin of the black spots in the atrium chamber of the Tomba degli Scudi, the fungal community was sampled using various techniques: cellulose discs, swabs, and nylon membranes and investigated by a multi-analytical approach. The obtained results suggest that the identified fungal strains (e.g. Gliomastix murorum and Pseudogymnoascus pannorum) are common to many subterranean environments around the world, such as Lascaux cave.

Conclusions
The continuous and long-term monitoring made it possible to detect alterations at an early stage and assess the harmfulness of different fungal strains. This work is a demonstration of the effectiveness of prevention and monitoring actions within these fragile and valuable environments.
Specific Determination of (-)- and (+)-Gossypol in Vegetable Oil by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Chiral Pre-Column Derivatization
Authors: Guo Mimi , Wang Yameng , Xue Yalin , Duan Zhangqun , Chang Qiaoying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
As the unique ingredient of cottonseed oil, gossypol is toxic and there are differences between the enantiomers. Although the determination of (-)- and (+)-gossypol in cotton plants or cottonseed has been performed, the detection of the gossypol enantiomers in vegetable oil has rarely been reported.

Objective
To develop a specific inspection method for (-)- and (+)-gossypol in vegetable oil by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–tandem mass spectrometry with chiral pre-column derivatization.

Methods
(-)- and (+)-Gossypol were separated on an ACQUITY C18 reverse-phase column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) maintained at 40°C on an UPLC system with gradient elution. The mobile phases were composed of methanol (solvent A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid (solvent B). Analytes were detected using an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. The contents of (-)- and (+)-gossypol standard derivatives were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with the transitions of m/z 633/483 for quantitative ion pairs and m/z 633/558 for qualitative ion pairs.

Results
The results indicated that the quantitative analysis could be accomplished within 12.5 min and the LODs of (-)- and (+)-gossypol were 25.55 and 14.67 μg/kg, respectively. When this method was applied to olive oil spiked with gossypol standards, good recoveries [95.37–105.84% for (-)-gossypol and 98.96–105.14% for (+)-gossypol] and RSDs [3.41–6.02% for (-)-gossypol and 4.50–6.94% for (+)-gossypol)] were achieved.

Conclusion
The present study confirms the feasibility of determining gossypol enantiomers and achieves trace determination of (-)- and (+)-gossypol in vegetable oil. These results make this method more suitable for the qualitative identification of whether the vegetable oil has been mixed with cottonseed oil.

Highlights
The trace determination of (-)- and (+)-gossypol in vegetable oils has been achieved. This method provides technical support for further identification of whether commercially available vegetable oil has been mixed with cottonseed oil.
Transplantation of fecal microbiota from different breeds improved intestinal barrier condition and modulated ileal microflora of recipient pigs
Authors: Yang Tong , Liu Yang , Yin Jie , Yv Tian , Zhou Feng , Li Yinghui , Yang Lingyuan , Han Li , Huang Xingguo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of transplanting Ningxiang pig fecal bacteria on the ileum microflora and intestinal barrier of Duroc × Landrace × Large White (DLY) pigs. Thirty-two DLY pigs at 90-d-old were equally assigned to either control groups (fed the basal diet) or test groups (fed the basal diet + 10 mL fecal microbiota suspension from Ningxiang pig). Results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) did not influence the growth performance, but increased the number of ileum goblet cells and the expression level of mucin-2. Additionally, the mucosal levels of anti-inﬂammatory cytokines interlukin-4 and interlukin-10 were upregulated, but the level of pro-inﬂammatory cytokine interferon-γ was downregulated by FMT. Moreover, FMT increased the expression level of porcine β defensin-114 in ileum mucus. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileal digesta showed that FMT modulated the diversity and composition of ileal microbiota of DLY pigs by increasing the relative abundances of beneﬁcial bacteria, while decreasing the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus. Taken together, the study showed that FMT of Ningxiang pigs could improve the intestinal barrier condition of DLY pigs by improving intestinal microflora and promoting intestinal health.
Maternal loss of 24-hydroxylase causes increased intestinal calcium absorption and hypercalcemia during pregnancy but reduced skeletal resorption during lactation in mice
Authors: Maekawa Alexandre S , Bennin David , Hartery Sarah A , Kirby Beth J , Poulton Ingrid J , St-Arnaud René , Sims Natalie A , Kovacs Christopher S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inactivation of 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) causes mild hypercalcemia in humans that becomes severe and life-threatening during pregnancy through unclear mechanisms. We studied Cyp24a1 null mice during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning. We hypothesized that Cyp24a1 nulls have a much greater increase in calcitriol during pregnancy and lactation, leading to markedly increased intestinal calcium absorption and reduced lactational bone loss. WT and Cyp24a1 null sisters were mated to Cyp24a1+/- males. Timepoints included baseline (BL), late pregnancy (LP), mid-lactation (ML), late lactation (LL), and weekly x4 weeks of post-weaning recovery (R1-4). Assessments included intestinal calcium absorption (IntCaAbs) by gavage of 45Ca, BMC by DXA, microCT of femurs, 3-point bending tests of tibias, serum hormones, serum and urine minerals, milk analysis, and intestinal gene expression. At LP, whole body BMC increased equally by ~12% in null and WT. Calcitriol was 2.5-fold higher in nulls vs WT, accompanied by 3-fold increased IntCaAbs, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and 6.5-fold higher FGF23. PTH was suppressed in both. Twenty percent of null dams died during delivery but their serum calcium at LP did not differ from Cyp24a1 nulls that survived. At ML, calcitriol, IntCaAbs, and FGF23 declined in both genotypes but remained higher than BL values in Cyp24a1 nulls. By LL, nulls were still hypercalcemic vs WT, and had lost less mean whole body BMC (11% vs. 21%, p&lt;0.02), but by micro-CT there were no differences from WT in cortical or trabecular bone mass. Lactational losses in BMC, cortical thickness, and trabecular number were restored by R4 in both genotypes. In summary, ablation of Cyp24a1 increased IntCaAbs and caused hypercalcemia during pregnancy and lactation, late gestational mortality in some nulls, and reduced lactational BMC loss. Treating women with gestational hypercalcemia from CYP24A1 mutations should focus on reducing calcitriol or IntCaAbs, since increased bone resorption is not the cause.
Significance of honeybee pollination in increasing seed yield of Trifolium alexandrinum (Fabales: Fabaceae) and its impact on economic sustainability of smallholder farmers
Authors: Tufail Muhammad Shoaib , Krebs Gaye L , Southwell Alison , Piltz John W , Wynn Peter C , Cook David F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A major limitation to producing high seed yields in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is failure to set seed, predominantly due to lack of pollination. Despite the importance of berseem clover as a leading forage legume, the contribution of pollinators to seed set is scarce. In Pakistan, the honeybee population is declining mainly because of the extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides and habitat fragmentation. This, combined with the region’s harsh environment and the use of inferior, locally bred genotypes, has resulted in low seed yields. Insufficient seed availability leads to limited forage supply, resulting in poor livestock nutrition, which subsequently impacts livestock health and productivity, and reduces farmers’ income. The present study estimated the seed production of 3 berseem clover genotypes resulting from honeybees [Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)] pollination in 2 growing seasons (2012–2014) in the central Punjab region of Pakistan. Experiments had 2 pollination treatments (open pollination and honeybee inclusion) and 3 seed genotypes, viz. farmer own-saved, market, and the improved variety cultivars. For both growing seasons, honeybee pollination resulted in significant increases in seed yields ranging from 35% to 67%, regardless of seed genotype. With the exception of the number of seed heads/m2, all seed yield parameters also increased significantly in response to honeybee inclusion. The combination of improved variety and honeybee inclusion resulted in the production of a maximum number of seeds per head (45.3), 1,000-seed weight (3.7 g), and estimated seed yield (375.5 kg/ha). In addition, the increase in estimated net income of seed ranged from PKR 82,485 Rs/ha (US$844/ha) to PKR 168,975 Rs/ha (US$1728/ha) with the use of honeybees as an insect pollinator across all the seed genotypes. Honeybee pollination has broader implications for mixed farming systems by playing a key role in preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture. It also enhances the quality and quantity of berseem crops by increasing the production of high-quality seeds and forage leading to improved livestock productivity and family food security which strengthens the economic resilience of rural communities.
Electroantennographic and behavioral responses of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults to the volatiles of plum fruits
Authors: Ling Jing , Li Yuan , Zheng Xia-Lin , Lu Wen , Wang Xiao-Yun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fruit volatiles play a crucial role in the host localization by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study focused on identifying the fruit volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), which are 2 varieties of the same species, and examined their impact on the behavior of B. dorsalis by using a Y-olfactometer. A total of 35 and 54 volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum were identified, respectively. Among these, 23 volatiles elicited electroantennographic (EAG) responses by B. dorsalis adults, showing concentration-dependent effects in males and females. Ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate significantly attracted B. dorsalis compared to liquid paraffin, while nonaldehyde was avoided. There was no significant difference in the behavioral responses of both sexes to sorbitol esters, hexyl isobutyrate, and 1-tetradecene compared with the control liquid paraffin group. Interestingly, (3Z)-C-3-hexenyl acetate significantly attracted females, but not males. The above findings suggest that plum fruit volatiles are likely to facilitate the localization of host fruit by B. dorsalis adults and may even aid in mate-finding. This study opens up new avenues for exploring novel plant-based attractants that might be of value for the integrated management of B. dorsalis.
False Narratives and Political Mobilization
Authors: Eliaz Kfir , Galperti Simone , Spiegler Ran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present an equilibrium model of politics in which political platforms compete over public opinion. A platform consists of a policy, a coalition of social groups with diverse intrinsic attitudes to policies, and a narrative. We conceptualize narratives as subjective models that attribute a commonly valued outcome to (potentially spurious) postulated causes. When quantified against empirical observations, these models generate a shared belief among coalition members over the outcome as a function of its postulated causes. The intensity of this belief and the members’ intrinsic attitudes to the platform’s policy determine the extent to which the coalition is mobilized. Only platforms that generate maximal mobilization prevail in equilibrium. Our equilibrium characterization demonstrates how false narratives can be detrimental to the commonly valued outcome, and how political fragmentation leads to their proliferation. The false narratives that emerge in equilibrium have a flavor of “scapegoating:” They attribute good outcomes to the exclusion of social groups from ruling coalitions.
The miniaturized isolation of neutrophil granules (MING) method allowed a deep proteome mapping of human neutrophil granules
Authors: Alexandria Gabrielly , Valerio Hellen P , Massafera Mariana P , Reis Lorenna R , Coelho Fernando R , Di Mascio Paolo , Ronsein Graziella E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neutrophils are the innate immune system's first line of defense, and their storage organelles are essential to their function. The storage organelles are divided into 3 different granule types named azurophilic, specific, and gelatinase granules, besides a fourth component called secretory vesicles. The isolation of neutrophil's granules is challenging, and the existing procedures rely on large sample volumes, about 400 mL of peripheral blood, precluding the use of multiple biological and technical replicates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a miniaturized isolation of neutrophil granules method, using biochemical assays, mass spectrometry–based proteomics and a machine learning approach to investigate the protein content of these organelles. Neutrophils were isolated from 40 mL of blood collected from 3 apparently healthy volunteers and disrupted using nitrogen cavitation; the organelles were fractionated with a discontinuous 3-layer Percoll density gradient. The method was proven successful and allowed for a reasonable separation and enrichment of neutrophil's storage organelles using a gradient approximately 37 times smaller than the methods described in the literature. Moreover, mass spectrometry–based proteomics identified 368 proteins in at least 3 of the 5 analyzed samples, and using a machine learning strategy aligned with markers from the literature, the localization of 50 proteins was predicted with confidence. When using markers determined within our dataset by a clusterization tool, the localization of 348 proteins was confidently determined. Importantly, this study was the first to investigate the proteome of neutrophil granules using technical and biological replicates, creating a reliable database for further studies.
Grade-stratified meningioma risk among individuals who are non-Hispanic Black and interactions with male sex
Authors: Walsh Kyle M , Price Mackenzie , Raleigh David R , Calabrese Evan , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Meningioma risk factors include older age, female sex, and being Black/African American. Limited data explore how meningioma risk in individuals who are Black varies across the lifespan, interacts with sex, and differs by tumor grade.

Methods
The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States is a population-based registry covering the entire US population. Meningioma diagnoses from 2004 to 2019 were used to calculate incidence rate ratios for non-Hispanic Black individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals across 10-year age intervals and stratified by sex and World Health Organization tumor grade in this retrospective study.

Results
A total of 53 890 non-Hispanic Black individuals and 322 373 non-Hispanic White individuals with an intracranial meningioma diagnosis were included in analyses. Beginning in young adulthood, the non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic White incidence rate ratio was elevated for grade 1 and grades 2-3 tumors. The incidence rate ratio peaked in the seventh decade of life regardless of grade and was higher for grades 2-3 tumors (incidence rate ratio  = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46 to 1.69) than grade 1 tumors (incidence rate ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.30) in this age group. The non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic White incidence rate ratio was elevated in women (incidence rate ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.18) and was further elevated in men (incidence rate ratio = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.30), revealing synergistic interaction between non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity and male sex (Pinteraction = .001).

Conclusions
Relative to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Black individuals are at elevated risk of meningioma from young adulthood through old age. Non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity conferred greater risk of meningioma among men than women and greater risk of grades 2-3 tumors. Population-level differences in meningioma incidence and tumor behavior suggest potential disparities in the geographic, socioeconomic, and racial distribution of meningioma risk factors within the United States.
Clinical guidelines for the management of mammographic density: a systematic review of breast screening guidelines worldwide
Authors: Isautier Jennifer Marie Jacqueline , Houssami Nehmat , Hadlow Claudia , Marinovich Michael Luke , Hope Serena , Zackrisson Sophia , Brennan Meagan Elizabeth , Nickel Brooke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
High breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer and decreases the sensitivity of mammography. This systematic review synthesizes the international clinical guidelines and the evidence base for screening and supplemental screening recommendations in women with dense breasts.

Methods
A systematic search of CINHAL, Embase, and Medline databases was performed in August 2023 and grey literature searched in January 2024. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility and quality (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument).

Results
Of 3809 articles, 23 guidelines published from 2014 to 2024 were included. The content and quality varied between the guidelines; the average AGREE II total score was 58% (range = 23%-87%). Most guidelines recommended annual or biennial screening mammography for women more than 40 years old with dense breasts (n = 16). Other guidelines recommended breast tomosynthesis (DBT, n = 6) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, n = 1) as the preferred screening modality. One third of the guidelines (n = 8) did not recommend supplemental screening for women with dense breasts. Of those that recommended supplemental screening (n = 14), ultrasound was the preferred modality (n = 7), with MRI (n = 3), DBT (n = 3), and contrast-enhanced mammography (n = 2) also recommended.

Conclusions
Consensus on supplemental screening in women with dense breasts is lacking. The quality of the guidelines is variable, and recommendations are based largely on low-quality evidence. As evidence of the benefits versus harms of supplemental screening in women with dense breasts is evolving, it is imperative to improve the methodological quality of breast cancer screening and supplemental screening guidelines.