bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent neurocognitive deficits following postnatal day 10 HIV‐1 viral protein exposure: Relationship to hippocampal anatomy parameters
Authors: Fitting Sylvia , McLaurin Kristen A. , Booze Rosemarie M. , Mactutus Charles F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite the availability of antiretroviral prophylactic treatment, pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) continues to be a significant risk factor in the post‐cART era. The time of infection (i.e., during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding) may play a role in the development of neurocognitive deficits in pediatric HIV‐1. HIV‐1 viral protein exposure on postnatal day (P)1, preceding the postnatal brain growth spurt in rats, had deleterious effects on neurocognitive development and anatomical parameters of the hippocampus (Fitting et al., 2008a,b). In the present study, rats were stereotaxically injected with HIV‐1 viral proteins, including Tat1–86 and gp120, on P10 to further examine the role of timing on neurocognitive development and anatomical parameters of the hippocampus (Fitting et al., 2010). The dose‐dependent virotoxin effects observed across development following P10 Tat1–86 exposure were specific to spatial learning and absent from prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity. A relationship between alterations in spatial learning and/or memory and hippocampal anatomical parameters was noted. Specifically, the estimated number of neurons and astrocytes in the hilus of the dentate gyrus explained 70% of the variance of search behavior in Morris water maze acquisition training for adolescents and 65% of the variance for adults; a brain‐behavior relationship consistent with observations following P1 viral protein exposure. Collectively, late viral protein exposure (P10) results in selective alterations in neurocognitive development without modifying measures of somatic growth, preattentive processing, or locomotor activity, as characterized by early viral protein exposure (P1). Thus, timing may be a critical factor in disease progression, with children infected with HIV earlier in life being more vulnerable to CNS disease.
Effectiveness of Circuit‐Based Exercises on Gait Speed, Balance, and Functional Mobility in People Affected by Stroke: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bonini‐Rocha Ana Clara , de Andrade Anderson Lúcio Souza , Moraes André Marques , Gomide Matheus Liana Barbaresco , Diniz Leonardo Rios , Martins Wagner Rodrigues 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral interventions have been proposed to rehabilitate patients with neurologic dysfunctions due to stroke. However, the effectiveness of circuit‐based exercises according to its actual definition, ie, an overall program to improve strength, stamina, balance or functioning, was not provided.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of circuit‐based exercise in the treatment of people affected by stroke.MethodsA search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database databases was performed to identify controlled clinical trials without language or date restriction. The overall mean difference with 95% confidence interval was calculated for all outcomes. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria, and 8 presented suitable data to perform a meta‐analysis. Quantitative analysis showed that circuit‐based exercise was more effective than conventional intervention on gait speed (mean difference of 0.11 m/s) and circuit‐based exercise was not significantly more effective than conventional intervention on balance and functional mobility.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that circuit‐based exercise presents better effects on gait when compared with conventional intervention and that its effects on balance and functional mobility were not better than conventional interventions.Level of EvidenceI
Can intergroup conflict aid the growth of within- and between-group social capital?
Authors: Chang Man-Ling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study seeks to explore the effects of interdepartmental conflict on bonding social capital within a department and bridging social capital between departments. Two-period data were collected from 213 respondents in 71 high-tech and manufacturing firms in Taiwan. These respondents work in research and development departments and cooperate with marketing departments. The results indicate that intergroup task and emotional conflicts promote bonding social capital within the research and development department. Up to a moderate level, task conflict subsequently promotes the development of structural and relational bridging social capital; however, an increase in task conflict above a moderate level becomes detrimental to structural and relational bridging social capital. Intergroup emotional conflict does not influence bridging social capital. Furthermore, intergroup conflict is unrelated to cognitive bridging social capital. The results provide insights into intergroup interactions, offering a novel means for managers to increase group social capital using the levels of conflict that naturally occur between departments.
The ‘Clay-with-Flints’ deposit in Northern Ireland: reassessment of the evidence for an early Paleocene ignimbrite
Authors: COOPER MARK R. , TROLL VALENTIN R. , LEMON KIRSTIN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReassessment of key geological sections, field relationships and petrographical characteristics of the Northern Ireland ‘Clay-with-Flints’ and ‘Donald's Hill Ignimbrite Formation’ show they formed dominantly by sedimentary processes. The involvement of a previously postulated pyroclastic flow during early Paleocene time is not recognized and, as such, the Donald's Hill Ignimbrite Formation stratigraphic term is discounted. Instead a multistage model of formation by sedimentary accumulation and remobilization is presented and the term Clay-with-Flints is retained. Regionally, two dominant facies are recognized in most Clay-with-Flints sections. Facies 1 was formed by an initial accumulation of flints on a chalk landscape undergoing karstification, and involved deposition of a clay matrix derived predominantly from contemporaneous erosion of subtropical soil horizons formed mainly on basalt. In Facies 2, evidence is observed for widespread remobilization of Facies 1 deposits by high-density mudflows driven by the advancement of the Antrim Lava Group, which caused the blockage of subsurface and marginalization of surface drainage. A stratigraphical constraint imposed by the presence of a supposed ignimbrite in this part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province has been problematic, but this is resolved by its identification as a diachronous, sedimentary deposit that formed until buried by either the lower or upper formations of the Antrim Lava Group.
Percolation transition of cooperative mutational effects in colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Shin Dongkwan , Lee Jonghoon , Gong Jeong-Ryeol , Cho Kwang-Hyun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCancer is caused by the accumulation of multiple genetic mutations, but their cooperative effects are poorly understood. Using a genome-wide analysis of all the somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients in a large-scale molecular interaction network, here we find that a giant cluster of mutation-propagating modules in the network undergoes a percolation transition, a sudden critical transition from scattered small modules to a large connected cluster, during colorectal tumorigenesis. Such a large cluster ultimately results in a giant percolated cluster, which is accompanied by phenotypic changes corresponding to cancer hallmarks. Moreover, we find that the most commonly observed sequence of driver mutations in colorectal cancer has been optimized to maximize the giant percolated cluster. Our network-level percolation study shows that the cooperative effect rather than any single dominance of multiple somatic mutations is crucial in colorectal tumorigenesis.
The diverse club
Authors: Bertolero M. A. , Yeo B. T. T. , D’Esposito M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA complex system can be represented and analyzed as a network, where nodes represent the units of the network and edges represent connections between those units. For example, a brain network represents neurons as nodes and axons between neurons as edges. In many networks, some nodes have a disproportionately high number of edges as well as many edges between each other and are referred to as the “rich club”. In many different networks, the nodes of this club are assumed to support global network integration. Here we show that another set of nodes, which have edges diversely distributed across the network, form a “diverse club”. The diverse club exhibits, to a greater extent than the rich club, properties consistent with an integrative network function—these nodes are more highly interconnected and their edges are more critical for efficient global integration. Finally, these two clubs potentially evolved via distinct selection pressures.
Intracellular construction of topology-controlled polypeptide nanostructures with diverse biological functions
Authors: Li Li-Li , Qiao Sheng-Lin , Liu Wei-Jiao , Ma Yang , Wan Dong , Pan Jie , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTopological structures of bio-architectonics and bio-interfaces play major roles in maintaining the normal functions of organs, tissues, extracellular matrix, and cells. In-depth understanding of natural self-assembly mechanisms and mimicking functional structures provide us opportunities to artificially control the natural assemblies and their biofunctions. Here, we report an intracellular enzyme-catalyzed polymerization approach for efficient synthesis of polypeptides and in situ construction of topology-controlled nanostructures. We reveal that the phase behavior and topological structure of polypeptides are encoded in monomeric peptide sequences. Next, we elucidate the relationship between polymerization dynamics and their temperature-dependent topological transition in biological conditions. Importantly, the linearly grown elastin-like polypeptides are biocompatible and aggregate into nanoparticles that exhibit significant molecular accumulation and retention effects. However, 3D gel-like structures with thermo-induced multi-directional traction interfere with cellular fates. These findings allow us to exploit new nanomaterials in living subjects for biomedical applications.
Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque
Authors: Comoy Emmanuel E. , Mikol Jacqueline , Jaffré Nina , Lebon Vincent , Levavasseur Etienne , Streichenberger Nathalie , Sumian Chryslain , Perret-Liaudet Armand , Eloit Marc , Andreoletti Olivier , Haïk Stéphane , Hantraye Philippe , Deslys Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExposure of human populations to bovine spongiform encephalopathy through contaminated food has resulted in <250 cases of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). However, more than 99% of vCJD infections could have remained silent suggesting a long-term risk of secondary transmission particularly through blood. Here, we present experimental evidence that transfusion in mice and non-human primates of blood products from symptomatic and non-symptomatic infected donors induces not only vCJD, but also a different class of neurological impairments. These impairments can all be retransmitted to mice with a pathognomonic accumulation of abnormal prion protein, thus expanding the spectrum of known prion diseases. Our findings suggest that the intravenous route promotes propagation of masked prion variants according to different mechanisms involved in peripheral replication.
Charge-density-wave order takes over antiferromagnetism in Bi2Sr2−x
La
x
CuO6 superconductors
Authors: Kawasaki S. , Li Z. , Kitahashi M. , Lin C. T. , Kuhns P. L. , Reyes A. P. , Zheng Guo-qing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSuperconductivity appears in the cuprates when a spin order is destroyed, while the role of charge is less known. Recently, charge density wave (CDW) was found below the superconducting dome in YBa2Cu3O
y
when a high magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the CuO2 plane, which was suggested to arise from incipient CDW in the vortex cores that becomes overlapped. Here by 63Cu-nuclear magnetic resonance, we report the discovery of CDW induced by an in-plane field, setting in above the dome in single-layered Bi2Sr2−x
La
x
CuO6. The onset temperature TCDW takes over the antiferromagnetic order temperature TN beyond a critical doping level at which superconductivity starts to emerge, and scales with the pseudogap temperature T*. These results provide important insights into the relationship between spin order, CDW and the pseudogap, and their connections to high-temperature superconductivity.
Direct interaction of food derived colloidal micro/nano-particles with oral macrophages
Authors: Ke Lijing , Wang Huiqin , Gao Guanzhen , Rao Pingfan , He Lei , Zhou Jianwu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLike any typical food system, bone soup (or broth), a traditional nourishing food in many cultures, contains a colloid dispersion of self-assembled micro/nano-particles. Food ingestion results in the direct contact of food colloidal MNPs with immune cells. Will they ever interact with each other? To answer the question, MNPs and NPs were separated from porcine bone soup and labeled with Nile Red, and their uptake by murine oral macrophages and its consequent effects were investigated. Colloidal particle samples of UF-MNPs and SEC-NP were prepared from porcine bone soup by ultrafiltration (UF) and size-exclusion chromatography, respectively. Their mean hydrodynamic diameters were 248 ± 10 nm and 170 ± 1 nm with dominant composition of protein and lipid. Particles in both samples were found to be internalized by oral macrophages upon co-incubation at particle/cell ratios of 14,000/1. In normal oral macrophages, the particle uptake exerted influence neither on the cellular cytosolic membrane potential (Vmem) nor mitochondrial superoxide level, as were indicated with fluorescent dyes of DiBAC4(3) and MitoSOX Red, respectively. However, when oral macrophages were challenged by peroxyl radical inducer AAPH, the engulfment of UF-MNPs and SEC-NPs mitigated the peroxyl radical induced membrane hyperpolarization effect by up to 70%, and the suppression on the oxygen respiration in mitochondria by up to 100%. Those results provide evidence of the direct interaction between food colloidal particles with immune cells, implying a possible new mode of food-body interaction.
Temporal consistency between gross primary production and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in the ten most populous megacity areas over years
Authors: Cui Yaoping , Xiao Xiangming , Zhang Yao , Dong Jinwei , Qin Yuanwei , Doughty Russell B. , Zhang Geli , Wang Jie , Wu Xiaocui , Qin Yaochen , Zhou Shenghui , Joiner Joanna , Moore Berrien 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe gross primary production (GPP) of vegetation in urban areas plays an important role in the study of urban ecology. It is difficult however, to accurately estimate GPP in urban areas, mostly due to the complexity of impervious land surfaces, buildings, vegetation, and management. Recently, we used the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), climate data, and satellite images to estimate the GPP of terrestrial ecosystems including urban areas. Here, we report VPM-based GPP (GPPvpm) estimates for the world’s ten most populous megacities during 2000–2014. The seasonal dynamics of GPPvpm during 2007–2014 in the ten megacities track well that of the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data from GOME-2 at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution. Annual GPPvpm during 2000–2014 also shows substantial variation among the ten megacities, and year-to-year trends show increases, no change, and decreases. Urban expansion and vegetation collectively impact GPP variations in these megacities. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of a satellite-based vegetation photosynthesis model for diagnostic studies of GPP and the terrestrial carbon cycle in urban areas.
Distinguishing crystallization stages and their influence on quantum efficiency during perovskite solar cell formation in real-time
Authors: Wagner Lukas , Mundt Laura E. , Mathiazhagan Gayathri , Mundus Markus , Schubert Martin C. , Mastroianni Simone , Würfel Uli , Hinsch Andreas , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRelating crystallization of the absorber layer in a perovskite solar cell (PSC) to the device performance is a key challenge for the process development and in-depth understanding of these types of high efficient solar cells. A novel approach that enables real-time photo-physical and electrical characterization using a graphite-based PSC is introduced in this work. In our graphite-based PSC, the device architecture of porous monolithic contact layers creates the possibility to perform photovoltaic measurements while the perovskite crystallizes within this scaffold. The kinetics of crystallization in a solution based 2-step formation process has been analyzed by real-time measurement of the external photon to electron quantum efficiency as well as the photoluminescence emission spectra of the solar cell. With this method it was in particular possible to identify a previously overlooked crystallization stage during the formation of the perovskite absorber layer. This stage has significant influence on the development of the photocurrent, which is attributed to the formation of electrical pathways between the electron and hole contact, enabling efficient charge carrier extraction. We observe that in contrast to previously suggested models, the perovskite layer formation is indeed not complete with the end of crystal growth.
An impending inhibitor useful for the oil and gas production industry: Weight loss, electrochemical, surface and quantum chemical calculation
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Ansari K. R. , Xu Xihua , Sun Zhipeng , Kumar Ashok , Lin Yuanhua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe influence of a Schiff base namely N,N′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1-(4-methoxyphenyl) methanimine) (PM) on the corrosion of J55 and N80 steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution saturated with CO2was evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Potentiodynamic polarization results suggested that the inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor by reducing both anodic and cathodic reactions. The adsorption of PM on the J55 and N80 steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. XRD, contact angle, SEM, AFM and SECM studies revealed that the surface of the metal was quite unaffected after the addition of inhibitor. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamic simulation support the experimental results well.
A model integrating tonic and antigen-triggered BCR signals to predict the survival of primary B cells
Authors: Yasuda Shoya , Zhou Yang , Wang Yanqing , Yamamura Masayuki , Wang Ji-Yang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe BCR constitutively transmits a “tonic” survival signal in the absence of exogenous antigen-binding. However, the strength of tonic BCR signal and its relationship with antigen-triggered survival signal are poorly understood. We found that primary B cells expressing high levels of BCR had elevated BCR tonic signal and increased survival compared with those expressing low levels of BCR. In addition, we found that crosslinking BCR with low doses of F(ab′)2 α-IgM antibodies did not enhance, but rather decreased, B cell survival and that only when most of the BCR were occupied by F(ab′)2 α-IgM antibodies was B cell survival enhanced. Based on these experimental results, we present a mathematical model integrating tonic and antigen-triggered BCR signals. Our model indicates that the signal generated from crosslinked BCR is 4.3 times as strong as the tonic signal generated from free BCR and that the threshold of B cell activation corresponds to the signal generated by crosslinking 61% of the surface BCR. This model also allows the prediction of the survival probability of a B cell based on its initial BCR level and the strength and duration of antigen stimulation, and fits with the mechanism of B cell tolerance.
Structural basis of katanin p60:p80 complex formation
Authors: Rezabkova Lenka , Jiang Kai , Capitani Guido , Prota Andrea E. , Akhmanova Anna , Steinmetz Michel O. , Kammerer Richard A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInteractions between microtubule (MT) interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains and their binding proteins are important for the accurate progression of many cellular processes that require the AAA+ ATPase machinery. Therefore, knowledge on the structural basis of MIT domain interactions is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AAA+ ATPase function. Katanin is a MT-severing AAA+ ATPase that consists of p60 and p80 subunits. Although, the hexameric p60 subunit is active alone, its association with the p80 subunit greatly enhances both the MT-binding and -severing activities of katanin. However, the molecular mechanism of how the p80 subunit contributes to katanin function is currently unknown. Here, we structurally and functionally characterized the interaction between the two katanin subunits that is mediated by the p60-MIT domain and the p80 C-terminal domain (p80-CTD). We show that p60-MIT and p80-CTD form a tight heterodimeric complex, whose high-resolution structure we determined by X-ray crystallography. Based on the crystal structure, we identified two conserved charged residues that are important for p60-MIT:p80-CTD complex formation and katanin function. Moreover, p60-MIT was compared with other MIT domain structures and similarities are discussed.
Differentially expressed genes in the caecal and colonic mucosa of Landrace finishing pigs with high and low food conversion ratios
Authors: Tan Zhen , Wang Yuan , Yang Ting , Xing Kai , Ao Hong , Chen Shaokang , Zhang Fengxia , Zhao Xitong , Liu Jianfeng , Wang Chuduan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe feed conversion ratio (FCR) is an essential economic trait for pig production, and is directly related to feed efficiency. Studies identifying the differential expression of functional genes involved in biological and molecular mechanisms in the intestine in relation to growth performance are rare. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to identify transcriptomes in caecal and colonic mucosal tissues in order to determine the differential expression of genes from two full-sibling pairs and two half-sibling pairs of Landrace finishing pigs with opposing FCR phenotypes. In total, 138 (comparison of high and low FCR in caecal mucosa), 64 (comparison of high and low FCR in colonic mucosa), and 165 (contrast between the caecal and colonic mucosa) differentially expressed genes were identified. Some of these genes were functionally related to energy and lipid metabolism, particularly short chain fatty acids metabolism, as well as gastrointestinal peristalsis and ion transport. Functional annotation were performed to identify differentially expressed genes, such as GUCA2A, GUCA2B, HSP70.2, NOS2, PCK1, SLCs, and CYPs, which may positively influence feed efficiency in Landrace pigs. These differentially expressed genes need to be further tested for candidate genes that are related to feed efficiency.