bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood life events, immune activation and the development of mood and anxiety disorders: the TRAILS study
Authors: Jonker I , Rosmalen J G M , Schoevers R A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe experience of childhood life events is associated with higher vulnerability to develop psychiatric disorders. One of the pathways suggested to lead to this vulnerability is activation of the immune system. The aim of this study is to find out whether the association between childhood life events and the development of mood and anxiety disorders is predicted by the activation of the immune system. This study was performed in TRAILS, a large prospective population cohort, from which a subgroup was selected (N=1084, 54.3% female, mean age 19.0 (s.d., 0.6)). Childhood life events before age 16 were assessed using questionnaires at age 12, 14, 16 and 19. Immune activation was assessed at age 16 by elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and by levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the herpes viruses herpes simplex virus 1, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus. At age 19, the presence of mood and anxiety disorders was determined using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0. Regression analyses were used to study the association between life events, the inflammatory markers and mental health. We found that childhood life events score was associated with risk of mood disorders (B=0.269, P<0.001) and anxiety disorders (B=0.129, P<0.001). Childhood life events score was marginally associated with elevated hsCRP (B=0.076, P=0.006), but not with the antibody levels. This was especially due to separation trauma (P=0.015) and sexual abuse (P=0.019). Associations lost significance after correcting for lifestyle factors such as body mass index and substance abuse (P=0.042). None of the inflammatory markers were associated with development of anxiety disorders or mood disorders. In conclusion, the life event scores predicted the development of anxiety disorders and mood disorders at age 19. Life event scores were associated with elevated hsCRP, which was partly explained by lifestyle factors. Elevated hsCRP was not associated with the development of psychiatric disorders at age 19.
Epigenetic and transgenerational mechanisms in infection-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Weber-Stadlbauer U 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrenatal infection is an environmental risk factor for various brain disorders with neurodevelopmental components, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Modeling this association in animals shows that maternal immune activation negatively affects fetal brain development and leads to the emergence of behavioral disturbances later in life. Recent discoveries in these preclinical models suggest that epigenetic modifications may be a critical molecular mechanism by which prenatal immune activation can mediate changes in brain development and functions, even across generations. This review discusses the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal infections, thereby highlighting how infection-mediated epigenetic reprogramming may contribute to the transgenerational transmission of pathological traits. The identification of epigenetic and transgenerational mechanisms in infection-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders appears relevant to brain disorders independently of existing diagnostic classifications and may help identifying complex patterns of transgenerational disease transmission beyond genetic inheritance. The consideration of ancestral infectious histories may be of great clinical interest and may be pivotal for developing new preventive treatment strategies against infection-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders.
Enantioselective Catalytic Methods for the Elaboration of Chiral Tetrahydro-β-carbolines and Related Scaffolds
Authors: Glinsky-Olivier Nicolas , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: May 2017

Tetrahydro-β-carbolines are important synthetic intermediates in the total synthesis of natural products and of compounds exhibiting strong bioactivities. Over the last decades, catalytic methods using chiral catalysts have been described for their synthesis. This review covers catalytic and enantioselective methods to access chiral tetrahydro-β-carbolines and their applications in the elaboration of complex chiral molecules.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Reduction of Dihydro-β-carbolines2.1	Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions2.2	Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions2.3	Biocatalyzed Reduction of Dihydro-β-carbolines3	Organocatalyzed Pictet–Spengler Reactions3.1	Chiral Thiourea-Catalyzed Reactions3.2	Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Reactions4	Pictet–Spengler Reactions of In Situ Generated Cyclic Iminiums5	Organocatalyzed Functionalization of Dihydro-β-carboliniums6	Organocatalyzed Alkylation of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines7	Biocatalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines8	Conclusion and Perspectives
Does Addition of Adductor Canal Blockade to Multimodal Periarticular Analgesia Improve Discharge Status, Pain Levels, Opioid Use, and Length of Stay after Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Gwam Chukwuweike , Mistry Jaydev , Richards Ifie , Patel Dhrudeep , Patel Nirav , Thomas Melbin , Adamu Hephzibah , Delanois Ronald 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be associated with substantial postoperative pain that may affect satisfaction and return to function. Various forms of pain control have been used; however, multimodal periarticular analgesia (MPA) and adductor canal block (ACB) have recently gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to compare (1) discharge status, (2) pain levels, (3) postoperative opioid consumption, and (4) length of stay (LOS) between TKA patients who received MPA only and those who received both MPA and ACB. A single surgeon database was reviewed for TKA patients who received MPA with or without ACB between January 2015 and April 2016. This yielded 110 patients who had a mean age of 62 years. Forty-five patients received MPA alone, while 65 patients received both modalities. Patient records were reviewed to obtain demographic and end-point data (discharge status, pain scores, opioid consumption, and LOS). Student's t-test and chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. There was no significant difference in discharge status (p = 0.304), pain levels (p = 0.343), and postoperative opioid consumption (p = 0.729) between the two cohorts. When compared with MPA patients, TKA patients who received both MPA and ACB demonstrated shorter LOS (2.44 vs. 1.98 days), a value that trended toward significance (p = 0.061). When comparing TKA patients who received MPA with those who received a combination of MPA and ACB, we were unable to elucidate a significant difference in any of the end points of interest. Therefore, MPA alone is comparable to combined MPA and ACB in managing postoperative pain in TKA patients. However, larger studies may be necessary to verify these findings.
Hypogastric Chimney Patency in Aortic Monoiliacal Endograft Thrombosis: A Life Saved by Collateral Pelvic Circulation
Authors: Santos Africa , Guaita Julia , Gandarias Claudio , Reyes Valdivia Andrés 
Published: May 2017

Background To report a case of a high-risk patient treated with hypogastric chimney and aortic endograft for a native infrarenal aorta aneurysmal degeneration, 20 years after an aortobifemoral bypass procedure for severe iliac occlusive disease.
Methods A two-stage procedure was planned. The first stage was right internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization and simple angioplasty of left IIA. The second stage consisted of aortouniiliac endograft with femoral crossover and left IIA chimney.
Results Femoral crossover complicated with early thrombosis, but a decision on conservative medical treatment with anticoagulation was made based on no rest pain or severe claudication. After 3 months the patient presented with moderate claudication alone. Scheduled computed tomography scan showed femoral crossover graft and aortic endograft thrombosis with left IIA patency. The axillofemoral bypass was scheduled a week later, and the patient discharged home.
Conclusion Preservation of pelvic circulation is mandatory to avoid life-threatening complications. The chimney technique demonstrates good patency and should be considered in the endovascular approach armamentarium for hypogastric artery revascularization.
Plexiform Neurofibroma of Clitoris
Authors: Yesodharan Dhanya , Sudarsanan Bindu , Jojo Annie , Abraham Mohan , Bhavani Nisha , Mathews Hima , Nampoothiri Sheela 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe most frequent genital presentation of neurofibromatosis in females is clitoromegaly. We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 with clitoral plexiform neurofibromatosis. Clitoroplasty was done, and the histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Though rare, plexiform neurofibroma of clitoris should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with clitoromegaly before embarking on detailed investigations.
Preexisting Carpal and Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Has No Impact on Function after Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Davies Jonah , Centomo Hugo , Leduc Stéphane , Beaumont Pierre , Laflamme G.-Yves , Rouleau Dominique 
Published: May 2017

Background Functional outcomes of distal radius fractures vary widely regardless of treatment methods.
Purpose This study aims to verify whether preexisting carpal and carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA) will negatively impact wrist functional outcome in patients with distal radius fractures.
Patients and Methods A retrospective case–control study was done using a prospective trauma database. Patients were matched 1:1 in two groups based on the presence of wrist or carpal arthritis (OA). The groups were matched for sex, follow-up, and treatment type. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year and functional outcomes were assessed using validated scores.
Results A total of 61 patients were included. Mean age was 63 years (range: 20–85) and average follow-up was 26 months. There were 31 patients in the OA+ group and 30 in the OA− group. Forty-one patients were treated surgically and 20 nonoperatively. None of the patients in the OA− developed OA during follow-up. Both groups were comparable for sex, residual deformity, and follow-up. There was no significant difference for the visual analog scale, Short Form-12, Quick Disability Arm Shoulder Hand, and Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation, or for radiographic outcomes.
Conclusion Preexisting OA in the wrist or CMC does not seem to impact outcomes of distal radius fractures, regardless of treatment, age, or sex. Although this is a negative study, the results are important to help counsel patients with distal radius fractures. Further work must be done to identify other potential causes for negative outcomes.
Level of Evidence Level III, prognostic study.
Focused Arterial Anastomotic Assessment in a Novel Univariate Design of a Vertical Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap in a Pig Model
Authors: Fischlin Claudia , Mbaidjol Zacharia , Olariu Radu , Constantinescu Mihai , Leckenby Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

Background Microsurgical anastomosis is the basis for free tissue transfer. The goal of this study was to create an animal model that mimics free tissue transfer but would focus on the arterial anastomotic assessment alone, without additional bias of a venous anastomosis.
Methods A vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (VRAM) flap based on the left deep superior epigastric artery (DSEA) was raised in six large white pigs. The right DSEA was raised and used as the donor vessel. An arterial end-to-end microsurgical anastomosis was then performed between the right and the left SEA artery. The lateral deep epigastric vein (DIEV) was left intact to drain the flap. Perfusion of the flap was confirmed clinically by laser Doppler and by flowmetry.
Results One flap failure was observed in this study that occurred on postoperative day (POD) 5 as a consequence of venous occlusion due to hematoma. There was a significant initial drop in arterial flow across the anastomosis in comparison to preanastomotic flow measurements (p < 0.05); however, this was normalized by the seventh POD (p > 0.05). Flow measurements in the vein significantly increased after the arterial anastomosis was completed and the seventh POD (p < 0.05). Laser Doppler assessment demonstrated adequate tissue perfusion of the skin island flap.
Conclusion This modified VRAM flap is a viable procedure to simulate a free flap transfer and assess the arterial anastomosis alone, while maintaining the flap's innate venous drainage. This method can allow the investigation of new arterial anastomosis techniques and devices.
Lysosomale Speichererkrankungen: Herausforderungen bei der sektorübergreifenden, multiprofessionellen Patientenversorgung mit Enzymersatztherapie
Authors: Das Anibh , Lagler Florian , Beck Michael , Scarpa Maurizio , Lampe Christina 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit sind Studien bei Orphan Diseases schwierig. Nur für wenige dieser Erkrankungen stehen kausale Therapien zur Verfügung. Die Entwicklung und Herstellung von Medikamenten wie bspw. Enzymersatztherapien (ERT) ist aufwändig, die Patientenzahl niedrig, was zu hohen Preisen führt. Am Beispiel einer Gruppe angeborener Stoffwechselerkrankungen, den lysosomalen Speichererkrankungen (LSDs), beleuchten wir die Herausforderungen bei der sektorübergreifenden Dauertherapie unter Zugrundelegung einer Literaturrecherche in Pubmed sowie eigener Erfahrungen. Viele ERTs haben ein positives Kosten-Nutzen Verhältnis. Mögliche Nebenwirkungen sind schwere allergische Reaktionen bis hin zur Anaphylaxie. ERT ist zu Lasten von GKV/PKV verschreibungsfähig, Regresse aufgrund Richtgrößenüberschreitung lassen sich mit „Praxisbesonderheiten“ umgehen. Die Verabreichung der intravenösen ERT ist weniger gut geregelt. Ein stationärer Aufenthalt zur ERT führt oft zu finanziellen Problemen (untere Grenzverweildauer), wenngleich dieser Verabreichungsmodus der sicherste ist. Ein tagesstationärer Aufenthalt ist am günstigsten, wobei bei dieser Option die Übernahme der Kosten für die ERT außerhalb der Tagesklinkpauschale durch GKV/PKV im Vorfeld zu klären ist. Eine ambulante Heimtherapie ist machbar, die Entscheidung hierfür muss für jeden Patienten sorgfältig individuell abgewogen werden. Die Durchführung der ERT wird vom behandelnden Arzt an ein Schwestern-/Pflegerteam delegiert, haftungs-, strafrechtliche sowie ethische Aspekte sind im Vorfeld zu klären. Die sektorübergreifende Therapie von LSDs ist mit (lösbaren) Herausforderungen behaftet.
Depression, rational identity and the educational imperative: concordance-finding in tricky diagnostic moments
Authors: Miller Paul K. , Richardson Beth H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is well-documented, within most medical and much health psychology, that many individuals find diagnoses of depression confusing or even objectionable. Within a corpus of research and practical clinical guidance dominated by the social-cognitive paradigm, the explanation for resistance to a depression diagnosis (or advice pertaining to it) within specific interactions is bordering on the canonical; patients misunderstand depression itself, often as an output of an associated social stigma that distorts public knowledge. The best way to overcome corollary resistance in situ is, logically thus, taken to be a clarification of the true (clinical) nature of depression. In this paper, exploring the diagnosis of depression in UK primary care contexts, the social-cognitive position embedded in contemporary medical reasoning around this matter is critically addressed. It is firstly highlighted how, even in a great deal of extant public health research, the link between an individual holding “correct” medical knowledge and being actively compliant with it is far from inevitable. Secondly, and with respect to concerns around direct communication in clinical contexts, a body of research emergent of Discursive Psychology and Conversation Analysis is explored so as to shed light on how non-cognitive concerns (not least those around the local interactional management of a patient’s social identity) that can inform the manner in which ostensibly “tricky” medical talk plays-out in practice, especially in cases where a mental illness is at stake. Finally, observations are drawn together in a formal Discursive Psychological analysis of a small but highly illustrative sample of three cases where a depression diagnosis is initially questioned or disputed by a patient in primary care but, following further in-consultation activity, concordance with the diagnosis is ultimately reached—a specific issue hitherto unaddressed in either DP or CA fields. These cases specifically reveal the coordinative attention of interlocutors to immediate concerns regarding how the patient might maintain a sense of being an everyday and rational witness to their own lives; indeed, the very act of challenging the diagnosis emerges as a means by which a patient can open up conversational space within the consultation to address such issues. While the veracity of the social-cognitive model is not deemed to be without foundation herein, it is concluded that attention to local interactional concerns might firstly be accorded, such that the practical social concerns and skills of practitioners and patients alike might not be overlooked in the endeavour to produce generally applicable theories.
The role of momentum transfer during incoherent neutron scattering is explained by the energy landscape model
Authors: Frauenfelder Hans , Young Robert D. , Fenimore Paul W. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceQuasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) has been used for > 40 y to study complex systems. Fascinating questions remain. The neutron has to be a de Broglie wave packet to obtain dynamics information on biological systems. During its interaction with a proton in a protein, the wave packet puts pressure on the proton and its environment. The protein acts like an ideal spring and by Hooke’s law transiently stores the energy produced by the pressure. On leaving, the wave packet regains essentially the full energy. However, during the passage, fluctuations in the sample change the neutron energy slightly and broaden the energy spectrum. The results call for a reexamination of the theory of quasielastic neutron scattering from complex systems.
Stability of bound species during alkene reactions on solid acids
Authors: Sarazen Michele L. , Iglesia Enrique 
Published: May 2017

Significance
This report combines kinetic and spectroscopic data with state-of-the-art theoretical methods to provide insights into the stability of covalently bound species ubiquitous as intermediates in hydrocarbon and alcohol reactions on solid acids [e.g., coupling, alkyl(methyl)ation, isomerization, cracking, dehydration,…]. In doing so, the study addresses the long-standing search for a systematic analysis of the effects of the size and shape of organic guests (alkoxides) and inorganic hosts (catalysts). It reveals how framework distortions act to balance the requirements for covalency with the need for optimal void geometries that maximize van der Waals contacts. These details are essential to understand the stability and reactivity of bound alkoxides, prevalent as reactive intermediates in host–guest systems of catalytic interest.
High spatial correspondence at a columnar level between activation and resting state fMRI signals and local field potentials
Authors: Shi Zhaoyue , Wu Ruiqi , Yang Pai-Feng , Wang Feng , Wu Tung-Lin , Mishra Arabinda , Chen Li Min , Gore John C. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
We found that blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes within single-digit representation columns in the primary somatosensory cortices of areas 3b and 1 aligned spatially very closely with local field potential (LFP) signals in response to tactile stimulation. Moreover, resting state BOLD fMRI and LFP signals also exhibited very similar intervoxel spatial correlation profiles. These findings indicate that at a columnar level, BOLD signals faithfully reflect underlying neuronal activity both during information processing and at rest. Importantly, the spread of BOLD activity and correlations at high field are no greater than the extent of LFP signals. These results demonstrate that high-field fMRI has the ability to delineate brain activity at the columnar level, and BOLD signals faithfully reflect electrophysiological activity.
CXCR4 signaling and function require the expression of the IgD-class B-cell antigen receptor
Authors: Becker Martin , Hobeika Elias , Jumaa Hassan , Reth Michael , Maity Palash C. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceMature B cells express two classes of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), IgM and IgD. The relevance of each isotype is still enigmatic. The BCR cross talks with a number of other receptors on the B-cell surface. We here show that CXCR4 engages in broad cross talk with the IgD–BCR specifically. CXCR4 function is strongly compromised in the absence of IgD, revealing its significance for B-cell homeostasis. We show that cross talk is also mediated via CD19 and the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, actin depolymerization by Latrunculin-A (Lat-A) mimics almost all effects of CXCL12. Hence, CXCR4 signaling modifies the actin cytoskeleton to communicate with other receptors such as CD19 and IgD. This view places the cytoskeleton at the center of receptor cross talk.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of the Markovian Mpemba effect and its inverse
Authors: Lu Zhiyue , Raz Oren 
Published: May 2017

Significance
It is commonly expected that cooling a hot system takes a longer time than cooling an identical system initiated at a lower temperature. Surprisingly, this is not always the case; in various systems, including water and magnetic alloys, it has been observed that a hot system can be cooled faster. These anomalous cooling effects are referred to as “the Mpemba effect”, and so far they lack a generic details-independent explanation. Based on recent developments in the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, we propose a generic mechanism for similar effects, demonstrate it in various systems, and predict a similar anomalous behavior in heating.
Biocompatible and totally disintegrable semiconducting polymer for ultrathin and ultralightweight transient electronics
Authors: Lei Ting , Guan Ming , Liu Jia , Lin Hung-Cheng , Pfattner Raphael , Shaw Leo , McGuire Allister F. , Huang Tsung-Ching , Shao Leilai , Cheng Kwang-Ting , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Organic electronics, particularly polymers, can be synthesized and processed with low temperatures and, more importantly, have the potential to be environmentally benign candidates for electronic applications. However, there has been no report of totally decomposable polymer semiconductors. Their availability will enable low-cost and fully disintegrable transient electronics. We have developed an innovative concept based on imine chemistry that allows totally disintegrable and biocompatible semiconducting polymers. Using an ultrathin biodegradable substrate, we successfully fabricated polymer transistors and logic circuits that show high performance and are ultralightweight, but they can be fully disintegrable. Our work significantly advances organic materials to enable environmentally friendly and biointegrated electronic applications.