bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The innovation and internationalisation processes of family businesses
Authors: Braga Vitor , Correia Aldina , Braga Alexandra , Lemos Sofia 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe success of the family firms cannot be detached from the current paradigm where, within the present economic conditions, economic agents struggle to exploit the existing opportunities and need to take into account the risks associated to the international arena and the innovation processes. The internationalisation and innovation processes may trigger resistance within family business due to their relatively higher difficulty to take risks and to invest in industries outside the scope of their original core business. Innovation and internationalisation processes become relevant strategies for the family firms’ continuity and success. In line with such fact, the aim of this paper is to contribute with insights regarding the processes of innovation and internationalisation within family businesses. In particular, this paper aims to assess the propensity of such firms to apply such strategies, to identify the particular business behaviour and to assess the extent to which the particulars of family firms may constraint or lead to the implementation of innovation policies, and thus its internationalisation.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through questionnaires within family business aiming to understand the scope and characteristics of internationalisation and innovation processes within these firms. The 154 replies from such data collection were analysed using different multivariate statistic procedures, although this paper is based on factorial and correlation analysis.FindingsThe analysis of the results shows that there is an association between the processes of innovation and internationalisation within family business. In addition, the results also suggest a typology of firms regarding their innovation and internationalisation strategies and motivations.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this paper are, to some extent, limited because they did not allow comparing the findings with data from non-family business. However, the authors’ aim was not to distinguish family firms, but rather to characterise them.Practical implicationsThis paper expects to contribute with lessons for the management of family business and to raise awareness of the constraints faced by family business. It is important to highlight that family business performance may be affected by a lower propensity to risk-taking attitudes, by the lack of non-family management and to the necessity of separating the family and the business in the business dimensions that the family limits the business growth.Originality/valueAlthough there is a significant amount of the literature devoted to explore family business, innovation and internationalisation studies, very few draw on the relationship between internationalisation and innovation processes within family business. This paper explores such a relationship within a particular business context – the family dynamics that strongly affect management and business development.
Boundary-spanning and boundary-buffering in global markets
Authors: Lehrer Mark , Celo Sokol 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a novel way of thinking about firm internationalization. We offer a stylized view of family firms as internationalizers who choose to engage in “boundary-spanning” across global product markets while engaging in “boundary-buffering” to insulate themselves from global financial markets.Design/methodology/approachThe case of Germany, with its large stock of internationalized family firms, shows how boundary-bufferingvis-à-visglobal capital markets can be compatible with successful and sustained internationalization and boundary-spanning in global product markets. Statistics are supplied.FindingsTo compensate for the lack of resources stemming from their abstinence from global financial markets, German family firms draw on country-specific conditions favorable to the proliferation of large internationalized family firms. Insights from the German case serve to derive propositions.Originality/valueThe developed concept of an internationalization pathway for family firms contrasts with the much more established concept of an internationalization process for family firms. The contrast between a “pathway” and a “process” amounts to the distinction between ends and means: the internationalization pathway (as defined here) has largely to do with strategic choice, whereas the internationalization process (as defined in the literature) focuses more on barriers to internationalization and means for overcoming them.
Internationalization of Mexican family firms: the cases of Xignux and Grupo Alfa
Authors: Velez-Ocampo Juan , Govindan Karthik , Gonzalez-Perez Maria Alejandra 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This theory testing paper compares and analyzes the internationalization process of two Mexican family-owned firms: Xignux and Grupo Alfa. This paper is intended to offer a theoretical understanding using existing frameworks such as OLI (ownership, location and internationalization), LLL (linkage, leverage and learning) and the Uppsala model. Furthermore, it tests whether the theoretical framework of organizational capabilities and international ventures fits the internationalization of these companies.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on case study methodology using the companies’ publically available data. Both within-case and cross-case analysis were carried out to identify specific traits in the internationalization pattern of both firms; cases were also compared with literature to identify conflicts and similarities that enable a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Findings
It was found that not a single theory fully and satisfactorily explains the internationalization of both Xignux and Alfa, instead, issues like internationalization into low psychic distance countries, establishment of strategic alliances and the exploitation of locational-specific advantages contributed in the international expansion of the studied companies.

Originality/value
There is an increasing amount of available literature regarding internationalization strategies and internationalization theories applied to developing and emerging country firms. However, most of the studies analyze companies from Asia, and there are limited studies on multilatinas (i.e. Latin American multinationals). Furthermore, scholars in the field of international business are still debating whether the existing theories, or an adaptation of them, explain the internationalization of multilatinas.
Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Barreda Albert A. , Zubieta Sandra , Chen Han , Cassilha Marina , Kageyama Yoshimasa 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance.Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup.FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city.Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results.Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.
Edu-tourist’s perceived service quality and perception – the mediating role of satisfaction from foreign students’ perspectives
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Hassan Hasliza , Osman-Gani Aahad , Abdel Fattah Fadi Abdel Muniem , Anwar Md. Aftab 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test a conceptual model that takes into account both edu-tourists’ perception and perceived service quality in explaining purchase intention of academic degrees from the foreign universities.

Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on an empirical examination with applying multivariate data analysis. The data were collected through survey questionnaires and analysed by using structural equation modelling procedure.

FindingsThe survey result discovered that the relationship between perceived service quality and edu-tourist’s satisfaction was significant and positive. The relationship between edu-tourist’s satisfaction and intention to purchase was also significant and positive. Meanwhile, edu-tourist’s satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between their perceived service quality and intention to purchase. Nevertheless, this research also explored that the edu-tourist’s satisfaction plays a significant mediating effect in between the relationship of perception and intention to purchase.

Research limitations/implicationsThis empirical study will contribute in understanding the behaviour of international students to construct the theoretical knowledge on the edu-tourism industry, which has been neglected in tourism research.

Originality/valueThe paper will be of use to the management and policymakers in the higher education sector in understanding the customer’s expectation for the edu-tourism destination. This study contributes to the growing literature on education travel destination, where the researchers investigated the role of tourist’s satisfaction by using perception and perceived service quality towards their intention to visit a destination for education tourism. In addition, understanding the role satisfaction on the relationship between perception and perceived service quality towards the purchase intention will make both scientific and practical contributions for the decision-makers.
Safety Aspects of Immunoadsorption in IgG Removal Using a Single‐Use, Multiple‐pass Protein A Immunoadsorber (LIGASORB): Clinical Investigation in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Süfke Sven , Lehnert Hendrik , Uhlenbusch‐Körwer Ingrid , Gebauer Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis and immunoadsorption are used to deplete efficiently pathogenic autoantibodies in crises in several acute autoimmune driven diseases. This prospective, non‐comparative cohort study was conducted at a single study center under standardized conditions in 10 healthy volunteers. Efficient immunoglobulin G (IgG) removal (−86% versus baseline) was achieved after 3 apheresis treatments on 3 consecutive days. The treatments were well tolerated. Safety laboratory parameters did not show unexpected or pathological changes. The effects were transient, with most parameters exhibiting complete recovery between treatments. Minimal complement activation and moderate transient fibrinogen depletion were observed. Immunoadsorption with LIGASORB® provides a safe and effective treatment alternative to TPE in acute episodes of peripheral neurological diseases mediated by pathogenic IgG autoantibodies.
Clinical, nociceptive and psychological profiling to predict acute pain after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Luna I. E. , Kehlet H. , Petersen M. A. , Aasvang E. K. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPre‐operative identification of high‐pain responders for acute pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) could lead to targeted analgesic trials and individualized analgesic strategies to improve recovery and potentially reduce the risk of persistent post‐surgical pain. The aim of this study was to use simple clinical tests and questionnaires to identify predictive nociceptive and psychological factors for acute post‐TKA pain.MethodsSixty consecutive TKA patients were included in a prospective descriptive study of pain during a 5‐m walk‐test 24 h post‐operatively as the primary outcome. Predictive variables collected prior to surgery included demographics, nociceptive testing (pressure pain threshold (PPT), cold pressor tolerance, electrical pain threshold and tolerance) and psychological profile (pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) and hospital anxiety and depression scale). The prediction of acute post‐TKA pain was assessed by univariate analysis, logistic regressions and ROC curves.ResultsReduced PPT on the arm and increased PCS were predictive variables for moderate/severe post‐TKA pain 24 h after surgery (P = 0.007 and P = 0.026, respectively, R‐squared 0.21) in the logistic regression model. Odds ratios were 0.67 for a 50 kPa increased PPT and 1.36 for a 5 point increase in PCS. A predictive model with cut‐off values of PPT ≤ 245 kPa and PCS≥ 8 point had a sensitivity of 71.4 and a specificity of 62.5.ConclusionPre‐operative widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity and pain catastrophizing are predictive of moderate severe post‐TKA pain. If validated in a larger population, the clinically applicable tests should be considered in future interventions aiming to minimize post‐operative pain in high‐risk patients.
A different inhibitor is required for overcoming entecavir resistance: a comparison of four rescue therapies in a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Guosheng , Hu Chengguang , Zhou Yuchen , Liu Junwei , Huang Huaping , Li Yuan , Yang Dinghua , Zhou Fuyuan , Zhang Yong‐Yuan , Zhou Yuanping 
Published: May 2017

AimsLittle clinical data are available regarding re‐establishing the effective inhibition of entecavir (ETV)‐resistant mutants. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the efficacies of four treatment regimens as rescue therapy for those chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with ETV resistance.MethodsA total of 65 patients with ETV resistance were assigned either with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy (n = 21), ETV (0.5 mg) plus adefovir (ADV) combination therapy (n = 19), ETV (1.0 mg) monotherapy (n = 11) or ETV (0.5 mg) plus TDF combination therapy (n = 14). The efficacy and safety of four treatment regimens were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences among the four study groups in baseline characteristics, including HBV DNA levels (χ2 = 0.749, P = 0.862) and hepatitis B e antigen‐positivity (χ2 = 0.099, P = 0.992). The median reduction in serum HBV DNA level from baseline at week 48 was −2.37 ± 1.07 log10 IU ml−1, −2.16 ± 0.81 log10 IU ml−1, −1.17 ± 1.23 log10 IU ml−1 and −2.49 ± 1.10 log10 IU ml−1, respectively (F = 4.078, P = 0.011). The TDF group and ETV (0.5 mg) + TDF group have the highest undetectable HBV DNA rate (76.19% vs. 78.57%) compared to the ETV (0.5 mg) + ADV group and the ETV (1.0 mg) group (63.16% vs. 18.18%, respectively). Two patients in the ETV (1.0 mg) group experienced virological breakthrough at week 48 and was attributed to poor drug adherence.ConclusionsTDF monotherapy appeared to deliver the highest undetectable HBV DNA rate in patients with ETV resistance, and ADV plus ETV combination therapy could be another choice for patients with financial restraint.
A novel multi‐epitope vaccine from MMSA‐1 and DKK1 for multiple myeloma immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Chenyang , Meng Shan , Jin Yanxia , Zhang Wanggang , Li Zongfang , Wang Fang , Wang‐Johanning Feng , Wei Yongchang , Liu Hailing , Tu Honglei , Su Dan , He Aili , Cao Xingmei , Zhou Fuling 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe identification of novel tumour‐associated antigens is urgently needed to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we identified a membrane protein MMSA‐1 (multiple myeloma special antigen‐1) that was specifically expressed in MM and exhibited significantly positive correlation with MM. We then identified HLA‐A*0201‐restricted MMSA‐1 epitopes and tested their cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. The MMSA‐1 epitope SLSLLTIYV vaccine was shown to induce an obvious CTL response in vitro. To improve the immunotherapy, we constructed a multi‐epitope peptide vaccine by combining epitopes derived from MMSA‐1 and Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1). The effector T cells induced by multi‐epitope peptide vaccine‐loaded dendritic cells lysed U266 cells more effectively than MMSA‐1/DKK1 single‐epitope vaccine. In myeloma‐bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice, the multi‐epitope vaccine improved the survival rate significantly compared with single‐epitope vaccine. Consistently, multi‐epitope vaccine decreased the tumour volume greatly and alleviated bone destruction. The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly increased in mouse blood induced by the multi‐epitope vaccine, indicating that it inhibits myeloma growth by changing T cell subsets and alleviating immune paralysis. This study identified a novel peptide from MMSA‐1 and the multi‐epitope vaccine will be used to establish appropriate individualized therapy for MM.
Superorganismality and caste differentiation as points of no return: how the major evolutionary transitions were lost in translation
Authors: Boomsma Jacobus J. , Gawne Richard 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMore than a century ago, William Morton Wheeler proposed that social insect colonies can be regarded as superorganisms when they have morphologically differentiated reproductive and nursing castes that are analogous to the metazoan germ‐line and soma. Following the rise of sociobiology in the 1970s, Wheeler's insights were largely neglected, and we were left with multiple new superorganism concepts that are mutually inconsistent and uninformative on how superorganismality originated. These difficulties can be traced to the broadened sociobiological concept of eusociality, which denies that physical queen–worker caste differentiation is a universal hallmark of superorganismal colonies. Unlike early evolutionary naturalists and geneticists such as Weismann, Huxley, Fisher and Haldane, who set out to explain the acquisition of an unmated worker caste, the goal of sociobiology was to understand the evolution of eusociality, a broad‐brush convenience category that covers most forms of cooperative breeding. By lumping a diverse spectrum of social systems into a single category, and drawing attention away from the evolution of distinct quantifiable traits, the sociobiological tradition has impeded straightforward connections between inclusive fitness theory and the major evolutionary transitions paradigm for understanding irreversible shifts to higher organizational complexity. We evaluate the history by which these inconsistencies accumulated, develop a common‐cause approach for understanding the origins of all major transitions in eukaryote hierarchical complexity, and use Hamilton's rule to argue that they are directly comparable. We show that only Wheeler's original definition of superorganismality can be unambiguously linked to irreversible evolutionary transitions from context‐dependent reproductive altruism to unconditional differentiation of permanently unmated castes in the ants, corbiculate bees, vespine wasps and higher termites. We argue that strictly monogamous parents were a necessary, albeit not sufficient condition for all transitions to superorganismality, analogous to single‐zygote bottlenecking being a necessary but not sufficient condition for the convergent origins of complex soma across multicellular eukaryotes. We infer that conflict reduction was not a necessary condition for the origin of any of these major transitions, and conclude that controversies over the status of inclusive fitness theory primarily emanate from the arbitrarily defined sociobiological concepts of superorganismality and eusociality, not from the theory itself.
Mutual Gaze During Early Mother–Infant Interactions Promotes Attention Control Development
Authors: Niedźwiecka Alicja , Ramotowska Sonia , Tomalski Przemysław 
Published: May 2017

Efficient attention control is fundamental for infant cognitive development, but its early precursors are not well understood. This study investigated whether dyadic visual attention during parent–infant interactions at 5 months of age predicts the ability to control attention at 11 months of age (N = 55). Total duration of mutual gaze (MG) was assessed during free play at 5 months, while infant attention control was measured in a gap‐and‐overlap task at 5 and 11 months. MG predicted attention disengagement at 11 months. Infants who spent more time in MG at 5 months showed better attention control at 11 months. These results provide important insights into developmental pathways linking visual behavior in dyadic interactions with infants’ subsequent attention skills.
Diclofenac for pain associated with intravitreal injections: a prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Makri Olga E , Tsapardoni Foteini N , Pagoulatos Dionisios D , Pharmakakis Nikolaos , Georgakopoulos Constantine D 
Published: May 2017

AbstractImportanceIntravitreal injections (IVI) are often painful.BackgroundTo evaluate the analgesic effect of diclofenac in patients undergoing IVI.DesignSingle‐centre, prospective, randomized, triple‐arm, placebo‐controlled, interventional study in the University Hospital of Patras.ParticipantsSeventy‐four patients.MethodsGroup 1 (n = 25) received topical diclofenac 45 min before IVI, Group 2 (n = 25) received oral diclofenac 4 h before IVI and topical diclofenac while Group 3 (n = 24) received placebo before IVI. Using the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), pain intensity was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS), the main component of the SF‐MPQ and the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) scores immediately and 6 h post‐IVI.Main Outcome MeasuresThe VAS pain score immediately post‐IVI.ResultsImmediately post‐IVI, patients in Group 2 reported significantly lower VAS pain scores compared to placebo while no statistically significant difference was found between patients that received topical diclofenac and placebo. Six hours post‐IVI, patients in both treatment groups reported significant lower VAS pain scores compared to placebo. The scores of the main component of the SF‐MPQ were significantly lower in patients of treatment groups compared to placebo at both time‐points. Finally, while no statistically significant difference was found between the 3 Groups in PPI scores immediately post‐IVI, 6 h later, patients of both treatment groups reported significantly lower PPI scores compared to placebo.Conclusions and RelevanceThe combination of topical and oral diclofenac demonstrated better analgesic effect than topical diclofenac administration in patients undergoing IVI immediately and up to 6 h post‐IVI.