bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol Levels Are Dramatically and Rapidly Increased Under Acute Ischemia‐Injury Which Is Prevented by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Brose Stephen A. , Golovko Svetlana A. , Golovko Mikhail Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe involvement of brain 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) in a number of critical physiological and pathophysiological regulatory mechanisms highlights the importance for an accurate brain 2‐AG determination. In the present study, we validated head‐focused microwave irradiation (MW) as a method to prevent postmortem brain 2‐AG alterations before analysis. We compared MW to freezing to prevent 2‐AG induction and estimated exogenous and endogenous 2‐AG stability upon exposure to MW. Using MW, we measured, for the first time, true 2‐AG brain levels under basal conditions, 30 s after brain removal from the cranium, and upon exposure to 5 min of brain global ischemia. Our data indicate that brain 2‐AG levels are instantaneously and dramatically increased approximately 60‐fold upon brain removal from the cranium. With 5 min of brain global ischemia 2‐AG levels are also, but less dramatically, increased 3.5‐fold. Our data indicate that brain tissue fixation with MW is a required technique to measure both true basal 2‐AG levels and 2‐AG alterations under different experimental conditions including global ischemia, and 2‐AG is stable upon exposure to MW.
Investigating Chemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Kernel Oil from Pistacia khinjuk Growing Wild in Iran
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Hamedani Fatemeh , Haddad Khodaparast Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study in order to introduce a new vegetable oil, oxidative stability and chemical characteristics of Pistacia khinjuk kernel oil (PKKO) as compared with P. atlantica kernel oil (PAKO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were investigated. Oxidative stability of studied oils was considered based on the conjugated diene value (CDV), carbonyl value (CV) and oil/oxidative stability index (OSI) through an 8‐h thermal process at 170 °C. Also, chemical characteristics [fatty acid composition, unsaponifiable matter (USM), total tocopherols (TT), total phenolics (TP) and total sterols (TS), iodine value, saponification number and waxes] of these oils were analyzed. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and the oxidizability (Cox) value of PKKO (1.14 and 2.78; respectively) were between those of PAKO (2.37 and 4.23; respectively) and EVOO (1.14 and 2.78; respectively). USM content of the three studied oils was between 1.1 and 1.51 %. TT and TP contents of PKKO (619.4 and 26.6 ppm) were lower than those of PAKO (845.33 and 75.22 ppm) and higher than those of EVOO (365.23 and 19.78 ppm). TS contents of PKKO, PAKO and EVOO were 2,500, 2,150 and 3,800 ppm, respectively. Oxidative stability data indicated that PKKO is the most resilient oil against lipid oxidation, followed by PAKO and EVOO. CDV significantly increased by the lowest speed for PKKO, followed by PAKO and EVOO. Increase of CV and reduction of OSI for PKKO, PAKO and EVOO were 29.2, 128 and 338.7 and 32.8, 67.9 and 79.3 %; respectively.
Dual Constant Domain‐Fab: A novel strategy to improve half‐life and potency of a Met therapeutic antibody
Authors: Cignetto Simona , Modica Chiara , Chiriaco Cristina , Fontani Lara , Milla Paola , Michieli Paolo , Comoglio Paolo M. , Vigna Elisa 
Published: March 2016

The kinase receptor encoded by the Met oncogene is a sensible target for cancer therapy. The chimeric monovalent Fab fragment of the DN30 monoclonal antibody (MvDN30) has an odd mechanism of action, based on cell surface removal of Met via activation of specific plasma membrane proteases. However, the short half‐life of the Fab, due to its low molecular weight, is a severe limitation for the deployment in therapy. This issue was addressed by increasing the Fab molecular weight above the glomerular filtration threshold through the duplication of the constant domains, in tandem (DCD‐1) or reciprocally swapped (DCD‐2). The two newly engineered molecules showed biochemical properties comparable to the original MvDN30 in vitro, acting as full Met antagonists, impairing Met phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways. As a consequence, Met‐mediated biological responses were inhibited, including anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent cell growth. In vivo DCD‐1 and DCD‐2 showed a pharmacokinetic profile significantly improved over the original MvDN30, doubling the circulating half‐life and reducing the clearance. In pre‐clinical models of cancer, generated by injection of tumor cells or implant of patient‐derived samples, systemic administration of the engineered molecules inhibited the growth of Met‐addicted tumors.
MODELING THE NUMBER OF INSURED HOUSEHOLDS IN AN INSURANCE PORTFOLIO USING QUEUING THEORY
Authors: Boucher Jean-Philippe , Couture-Piché Guillaume 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we use queuing theory to model the number of insured households in an insurance portfolio. The model is based on an idea from Boucher and Couture-Piché (2015), who use a queuing theory model to estimate the number of insured cars on an insurance contract. Similarly, the proposed model includes households already insured, but the modeling approach is modified to include new households that could be added to the portfolio. For each household, we also use the queuing theory model to estimate the number of insured cars. We analyze an insurance portfolio from a Canadian insurance company to support this discussion. Statistical inference techniques serve to estimate each parameter of the model, even in cases where some explanatory variables are included in each of these parameters. We show that the proposed model offers a reasonable approximation of what is observed, but we also highlight the situations where the model should be improved. By assuming that the insurance company makes a $1 profit for each one-year car exposure, the proposed approach allows us to determine a global value of the insurance portfolio of an insurer based on the customer equity concept.
Negotiating natural history in transitional China and British India
Authors: FAN FA-TI , MATHEW JOHN 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article examines scientific developments in China and India by comparing and contrasting the enterprises of natural history during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From this perspective, the cases of China and India shared some similarities, but also exhibited important differences with respect to the conditions, ideologies, personnel, processes and strategies in scientific development. Two very large countries, with much left unexplored, attracted broad scientific interest in their flora and fauna from the early modern period; the interest intensified in the nineteenth century because of increasing accessibility to their interiors. However, the different historical situations that involved empire, nation, professionalization, geography and domestic and international politics helped shape the respective trajectories of scientific development in the two countries. Yet, despite their differences, China and India shared important similarities in the co-production of science and state, the global hierarchy of knowledge production, and the coloniality of power relations. This historical complexity also represented an important aspect of the global history of science, one that still bears poignancy and resonance in the contemporary world.
Morphology of the nematode Deletrocephalus dimidiatus Diesing, 1851 from the rhea, Rhea americana Linnaeus, 1758, together with a key to species of Deletrocephalinae
Authors: Ederli N.B. , Oliveira F.C.R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe family Deletrocephalidae consists of three species, from two genera: Deletrocephalus dimidiatus, D. cesarpintoi and Paradeletrocephalus minor, which differ from one another in terms of the buccal capsule structure, the dorsal ray from the male copulatory bursa and the length of the vagina in the female. All these species are parasites of the gastrointestinal tract of the rhea, Rhea americana. Only D. dimidiatus was reported to be a parasite of the other rhea species, Darwin's rhea, R. pennata. Currently, there are no studies on the ultrastructure and biology of these parasites or their pathogenicity in these birds. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the ultrastructure and add more details of the morphology of D. dimidiatus from R. americana. Four adult rheas were necropsied, and the gastrointestinal tract was collected and examined for the presence of parasites. Nematodes were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All birds were parasitized by D. dimidiatus. Some morphological and morphometric characters were observed that differ from reports of other studies of this species by other authors. In addition, new details were added, well described by SEM, and a key to the species of the subfamily Deletrocephalinae is given.
Tb theorem on product spaces
Authors: HAN YONGSHENG , LEE MING-YI , LIN CHIN-CHENG 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a Tb theorem on product spaces $\mathbb{R}$n × $\mathbb{R}$m, where b(x1, x2) = b1(x1)b2(x2), b1 and b2 are para-accretive functions on $\mathbb{R}$n and $\mathbb{R}$m, respectively.
Meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Qingdao, China, 2007–2014
Authors: JIANG F. C. , YANG F. , CHEN L. , JIA J. , HAN Y. L. , HAO B. , CAO G. W. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has caused public health concerns worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the HFMD epidemic in Qingdao, a port city in China. A total of 78641 cases were reported in Qingdao between January 2007 and December 2014. Of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0–5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. The incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. Aetiological agents in all severe cases and selected mild cases were characterized by examining throat swabs. Except for enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), other EVs caused >50% of the HFMD cases between 2011 and 2014. EV71 was more frequent in the off-peak months than in the peak months and prone to causing more severe cases compared to CA16 (χ2 = 46·3, P < 0·001). CA10 caused more severe HFMD than did CA6 (χ2 = 20·49, P < 0·001) and all non-CA10 EVs (χ2 = 41·01, P < 0·001). Community-derived HFMD cases accounted for 65·11%. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HFMD incidence in children aged 0–5 years was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature (rs = 0·77, P < 0·001), relative humidity (rs = 0·507, P < 0·001), and precipitation (rs = 0·328, P < 0·001). Climate changes and CA10 surveillance in communities should be integrated into the current prophylactic programme.
Public Attitudes toward an Epidemiological Study with Genomic Analysis in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Area
Authors: Ishikuro Mami , Nakaya Naoki , Obara Taku , Sato Yuki , Metoki Hirohito , Kikuya Masahiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nagami Fuji , Kuriyama Shinichi , Hozawa Atsushi ,   the ToMMo Study Group
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 may have influenced the long-term health of those in the disaster area. It is important to collect current and future health information of the people living in the post-disaster area to provide appropriate health support and quality-oriented care. However, public perceptions of health and genomic studies in the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster area are still unknown.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted in one town affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami. The results of the questionnaire were tailed and the differences in responses to each question were assessed by sex and age.ResultsIn 284 eligible people (137 men, 147 women), almost all participants agreed to join a health survey investigating the adverse effects of the disaster, and over 80% of the total participants agreed to genomic analysis. Over 70% of the participants wanted to receive pharmacogenetic testing and to receive feedback on which medications were suitable or unsuitable for them.ConclusionsMost people living in the disaster area are interested in health surveys. Most of the participants also showed interest in genomic analysis.IshikuroM, NakayaN, ObaraT, SatoY, MetokiH, KikuyaM, TsuchiyaN, NakamuraT, NagamiF, KuriyamaS, HozawaA, the ToMMo Study Group. Public attitudes toward an epidemiological study with genomic analysis in the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster area. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):330–334.
Fire Engine Support and On-scene Time in Prehospital Stroke Care – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Puolakka Tuukka , Väyrynen Taneli , Erkkilä Elja-Pekka , Kuisma Markku 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionOn-scene time (OST) previously has been shown to be a significant component of Emergency Medical Services’ (EMS’) operational delay in acute stroke. Since stroke patients are managed routinely by two-person ambulance crews, increasing the number of personnel available on the scene is a possible method to improve their performance.HypothesisUsing fire engine crews to support ambulances on the scene in acute stroke is hypothesized to be associated with a shorter OST.MethodsAll patients transported to hospital as thrombolysis candidates during a one-year study period were registered by the ambulance crews using a case report form that included patient characteristics and operational EMS data.ResultsSeventy-seven patients (41 [53%] male; mean age of 68.9 years [SD=15]; mean Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] of 15 points [IQR=14-15]) were eligible for the study. Forty-five cases were managed by ambulance and fire engine crews together and 32 by the ambulance crews alone. The median ambulance response time was seven minutes (IQR=5-10) and the fire engine response time was six minutes (IQR=5-8). The number of EMS personnel on the scene was six (IQR=5-7) and two (IQR=2-2), and the OST was 21 minutes (IQR=18-26) and 24 minutes (IQR=20-32; P =.073) for the groups, respectively. In a following regression analysis, using stroke as the dispatch code was the only variable associated with short (<22 minutes) OST with an odds ratio of 3.952 (95% CI, 1.279-12.207).ConclusionDispatching fire engine crews to support ambulances in acute stroke care was not associated with a shorter on-scene stay when compared to standard management by two-person ambulance crews alone. Using stroke as the dispatch code was the only variable that was associated independently with a short OST.PuolakkaT, VäyrynenT, ErkkiläE-P, KuismaM. Fire engine support and on-scene time in prehospital stroke care – a prospective observational study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):278–281.
Prevention of Crush Syndrome through Aggressive Early Resuscitation: Clinical Case in a Buried Worker
Authors: Mardones Alvaro , Arellano Pablo , Rojas Carlos , Gutierrez Rodrigo , Oliver Nicolas , Borgna Vincenzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionCrush syndrome, of which little is known, occurs as a result of compression injury to the muscles. This syndrome is characterized by systemic manifestations such as acute kidney injury (AKI), hypovolemic shock, and hydroelectrolytic variations. This pathology presents high morbidity and mortality if not managed aggressively by prehospital care.Clinical CaseA 40-year-old worker was rescued after being buried underground in a ditch for 19 hours. The patient was administered early resuscitation with isotonic solutions and monitored during the entire rescue operation. Despite having increased plasma levels of total creatine kinase (CK), the patient did not develop AKI or hydroelectrolytic variations.ConclusionAggressive early management with isotonic solutions before hospital arrival is an effective option for nephron-protection and prevention of crush syndrome.MardonesA, ArellanoP, RojasC, GutierrezR, OliverN, BorgnaV. Prevention of crush syndrome through aggressive early resuscitation: clinical case in a buried worker. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):340–342.
Widespread natural variation of DNA methylation within angiosperms
Authors: Niederhuth Chad E. , Bewick Adam J. , Ji Lexiang , Alabady Magdy S. , Kim Kyung Do , Li Qing , Rohr Nicholas A. , Rambani Aditi , Burke John M. , Udall Josh A. , Egesi Chiedozie , Schmutz Jeremy , Grimwood Jane , Jackson Scott A. , Springer Nathan M. , Schmitz Robert J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo understand the variation in genomic patterning of DNA methylation we compared methylomes of 34 diverse angiosperm species. By analyzing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data in a phylogenetic context it becomes clear that there is extensive variation throughout angiosperms in gene body DNA methylation, euchromatic silencing of transposons and repeats, as well as silencing of heterochromatic transposons. The Brassicaceae have reduced CHG methylation levels and also reduced or loss of CG gene body methylation. The Poaceae are characterized by a lack or reduction of heterochromatic CHH methylation and enrichment of CHH methylation in genic regions. Reduced CHH methylation levels are found in clonally propagated species, suggesting that these methods of propagation may alter the epigenomic landscape over time. These results show that DNA methylation patterns are broadly a reflection of the evolutionary and life histories of plant species.
Korean word frequency and commonality study for augmentative and alternative communication
Authors: Shin Sangeun , Hill Katya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundVocabulary frequency results have been reported to design and support augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions. A few studies exist for adult speakers and for other natural languages. With the increasing demand on AAC treatment for Korean adults, identification of high‐frequency or core vocabulary (CV) becomes essential.AimsThe overall objective was to identify the frequency and commonality of spoken Korean words that occurred in spontaneous conversations for the development of AAC interventions. The specific aims were: (1) to generate a Korean CV list based on the conversations of Korean adults; (2) to address the characteristics of the identified words; and (3) to determine whether a quantitative data analysis procedure, based on a grouped frequency distribution, would support identifying high‐ and low‐frequency words.Methods & ProceduresLanguage samples were collected from 12 native Korean‐speaking adults during conversation. CV words were identified based on a grouped frequency distribution analysis and a word commonality analysis.Outcomes & ResultsResults established a Korean CV list of 219 words with high frequency and commonality accounting for 60.82% of the total sample. Analysis of word types showed a wide range of particles and verb endings in the CV list. Finally, a distinct distribution pattern was identified from a frequency of 0.2‰ to support high‐frequency word selection.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe CV list and consideration of the linguistic characteristics of Korean are expected to be used to develop Korean AAC interventions. The grouped frequency distribution revealed a robust method to distinguish high‐frequency words and to improve AAC vocabulary selection and organization.
Dual language versus English‐only support for bilingual children with hearing loss who use cochlear implants and hearing aids
Authors: Bunta Ferenc , Douglas Michael , Dickson Hanna , Cantu Amy , Wickesberg Jennifer , Gifford René H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is a critical need to understand better speech and language development in bilingual children learning two spoken languages who use cochlear implants (CIs) and hearing aids (HAs). The paucity of knowledge in this area poses a significant barrier to providing maximal communicative outcomes to a growing number of children who have a hearing loss (HL) and are learning multiple spoken languages. In fact, the number of bilingual individuals receiving CIs and HAs is rapidly increasing, and Hispanic children display a higher prevalence of HL than the general population of the United States. In order to serve better bilingual children with CIs and HAs, appropriate and effective therapy approaches need to be designed and tested, based on research findings.AimsThis study investigated the effects of supporting both the home language (Spanish) and the language of the majority culture (English) on language outcomes in bilingual children with HL who use CIs and HAs as compared to their bilingual peers who receive English‐only support.Methods & ProceduresRetrospective analyses of language measures were completed for two groups of Spanish‐ and English‐speaking bilingual children with HL who use CIs and HAs matched on a range of demographic and socio‐economic variables: those with dual‐language support versus their peers with English‐only support. Dependent variables included scores from the English version of the Preschool Language Scales, 4th Edition.Outcomes & ResultsBilingual children who received dual‐language support outperformed their peers who received English‐only support at statistically significant levels as measured by Total Language and Expressive Communication as raw and language age scores. No statistically significant group differences were found on Auditory Comprehension scores.Conclusions & ImplicationsIn addition to providing support in English, encouraging home language use and providing treatment support in the first language may help rather than hinder development of both English and the home language in bilingual children with HL who use CIs and HAs. In fact, dual‐language support may yield better overall and expressive English language outcomes than English‐only support for this population.
The social dynamics of safe sex practices among Canadian sex industry clients
Authors: Atchison Chris , Burnett Patrick John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMuch of what we know about the safe sex practices of people who pay for sexual services (clients) remains firmly grounded in empirical and interpretive tendencies to overemphasise the causal link between social, cultural or individual characteristics and sexual decision‐making. In this study we apply Adam Green's Bourdieu‐inspired sexual fields theory to examine the ways in which safe sex practices are interdependently shaped by social, personal and interpersonal forces. Using data from 697 questionnaires and 24 semi‐structured interviews with Canadian clients, we implemented a series of six additive logistic regression models and contextualised the results with the interview data to reveal the relational interdependencies of intra‐psychic, macro, meso and micro‐level factors related to safe sex practices. The questionnaire responses and interview data used in the study were gathered from a diverse sample of clients who were over the age of 19, had paid money for sexual services on one or more occasions during their lifetime and who resided in Canada at the time of participation. Our results illustrate the ways in which factors related to the venue where sexual acts take place, clients' relationships with commercial and non‐commercial partners and personal choices related to substance use interdependently inform safe sex practices.