bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Reedijk Jan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A joint IUPAC/IUPAP Working Party (JWP) has confirmed the discovery of the elements with atomic numbers (Z) 113, 115, 117 and 118. In accordance with the 2016 IUPAC guideline for naming new elements, the discoverers were invited to propose names and symbols for the elements. Claims have been assigned to them and the following are proposed: (a) nihonium and symbol Nh, for the element with Z=113, (b) moscovium with the symbol Mc, for the element with Z=115, (c) tennessine with the symbol Ts, for the element with Z=117, and oganesson with the symbol Og, for the element with Z=118. After careful deliberation on these names and symbols, considering the 2016 rules and a public review period, the Inorganic Chemistry Division recommended these proposals for acceptance by the IUPAC Council.
Recent advances in the synthesis of fungal antigenic oligosaccharides
Authors: Krylov Vadim B. , Paulovičová Lucia , Paulovičová Ema , Tsvetkov Yury E. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The driving force for the constant improvement and development of new synthetic methodologies in carbohydrate chemistry is a growing demand for biologically important oligosaccharide ligands and neoglycoconjugates thereof for numerous biochemical investigations such as cell-to-pathogen interactions, immune response, cell adhesion, etc. Here we report our syntheses of the spacer-armed antigenic oligosaccharides related to three groups of the polysaccharides of the fungal cell-wall including α- and β-mannan, α- and β-glucan and galactomannan chains, which include new rationally designed synthetic blocks, efficient solutions for the stereoselective construction of glycoside bonds, and novel strategy for preparation of furanoside-containing oligosaccharides based on recently discovered pyranoside-into-furanoside (PIF) rearrangement.
Redox-sensitive GFP to monitor oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Esposito Sonia , Masala Alessandra , Sanna Simona , Rassu Mauro , Pimxayvong Viengsavanh , Iaccarino Ciro , Crosio Claudia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRedox processes are key events in the degenerative cascade of many adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), but the biological relevance of a single redox change is often dependent on the redox couple involved and on its subcellular origin. The biosensors based on engineered fluorescent proteins (redox-sensitive GFP [roGFP]) offer a unique opportunity to monitor redox changes in both physiological and pathological contexts in living animals and plants. Here, we review the use of roGFPs to monitor oxidative stress in different three adult-onset NDs: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite the many differences spanning from incidence to onset, the hypotheses on biological processes underlying both sporadic and familiar ND forms in humans outline a model in which noncompeting mechanisms are likely to converge in various unsuccessful patterns to mediate the selective degeneration of a specific neuronal population. roGFPs, targeted to different cell compartments, are successfully used as specific markers of cell toxicity, induced by expression of causative genes linked to a determined ND. We also report the use of roGFP to monitor oxidative stress induced by the expression of the ALS-causative gene SOD1.
New dimensions of connectomics and network plasticity in the central nervous system
Authors: Guidolin Diego , Marcoli Manuela , Maura Guido , Agnati Luigi F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCellular network architecture plays a crucial role as the structural substrate for the brain functions. Therefore, it represents the main rationale for the emerging field of connectomics, defined as the comprehensive study of all aspects of central nervous system connectivity. Accordingly, in the present paper the main emphasis will be on the communication processes in the brain, namely wiring transmission (WT), i.e. the mapping of the communication channels made by cell components such as axons and synapses, and volume transmission (VT), i.e. the chemical signal diffusion along the interstitial brain fluid pathways. Considering both processes can further expand the connectomics concept, since both WT-connectomics and VT-connectomics contribute to the structure of the brain connectome. A consensus exists that such a structure follows a hierarchical or nested architecture, and macro-, meso- and microscales have been defined. In this respect, however, several lines of evidence indicate that a nanoscale (nano-connectomics) should also be considered to capture direct protein-protein allosteric interactions such as those occurring, for example, in receptor-receptor interactions at the plasma membrane level. In addition, emerging evidence points to novel mechanisms likely playing a significant role in the modulation of intercellular connectivity, increasing the plasticity of the system and adding complexity to its structure. In particular, the roamer type of VT (i.e. the intercellular transfer of RNA, proteins and receptors by extracellular vesicles) will be discussed since it allowed us to introduce a new concept of ‘transient changes of cell phenotype’, that is the transient acquisition of new signal release capabilities and/or new recognition/decoding apparatuses.
The Economic Impacts of Broadband Internet: A Survey
Authors: Bertschek Irene , Briglauer Wolfgang , Hüschelrath Kai , Kauf Benedikt , Niebel Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe provide a structured overview of the quantitative research on the economic impacts of broadband internet. Differentiating between wireline and wireless technologies as well as broadband availability and broadband adoption, respectively, we review studies investigating the impacts on economic growth, employment and regional development as well as productivity and firm performance. Eventually, the survey does not only allow the identification of main research gaps but also provides useful information for policy makers on the significance and importance of communication networks for social welfare.
Statistical models and computational algorithms for discovering relationships in microbiome data
Authors: Shaikh Mateen R. , Beyene Joseph 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Microbiomes, populations of microscopic organisms, have been found to be related to human health and it is expected further investigations will lead to novel perspectives of disease. The data used to analyze microbiomes is one of the newest types (the result of high-throughput technology) and the means to analyze these data is still rapidly evolving. One of the distributions that have been introduced into the microbiome literature, the Dirichlet-Multinomial, has received considerable attention. We extend this distribution’s use uncover compositional relationships between organisms at a taxonomic level. We apply our new method in two real microbiome data sets: one from human nasal passages and another from human stool samples.
Implications of Stisa2 catalytic residue restoration through site directed mutagenesis
Authors: Hussain Hasnain , Chong Nikson Fatt Ming 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
Restoration of catalytic activity of Isa2 from Solanum tuberosum (Stisa2) through restoration of conserved catalytic residues by site directed mutagenesis.

Methods
The six conserved amino acid residues absent in the Stisa2 gene were restored by mutation using the overlap extension PCR and the asymmetrical overlap extension PCR methods. Next, mutant Stisa2 with restored catalytic residues was expressed in E. coli Rosetta 2 under optimized conditions. Evaluation of debranching activity on starch, amylopectin and β-limit dextrin was carried out by measuring the amount of glucose equivalents released using the bicinchoninic acid assay.

Results
Both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that the restoration of the conserved residues in the catalytic site did not restore starch debranching activity. Molecular modeling showed greater than expected distances between the catalytic triad in mutant Stisa2. These additional distances are likely to prevent hydrogen bonding which stabilizes the reaction intermediate, and are critical for catalytic activity.

Conclusions
These results suggest that during evolution, mutations in other highly conserved regions have caused significant changes to the structure and function of the catalytic network. Catalytically inactive Isa2, which is conserved in starch-producing plants, has evolved important non-catalytic roles such as in substrate binding and in regulating isoamylase activity.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrimidine bearing 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as cytotoxic agents
Authors: Kaya Betül , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım , Yurttaş Leyla , Çiftçi Gülşen Akalın 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
As a result of adverse effects including drug-resistance, toxicity and low bioavailability, there has been a crucial need for novel anticancer agents. In this present study, some novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing pyridine moiety were synthesized and their potential cytotoxic activities were examined.

Materials and methods
A series of seven new compounds of 2-[(5-(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)propyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)]-1-(4-substituted)ethan-1-one derivatives were synthesized by reacting 5-[(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol and 4-substituted phenacyl bromide derivatives in acetone with potassium carbonate. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and MS spectral data and elemental analyses. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated by MTT assay.

Results
Among the tested compounds, compound 4a was found to be the most active cytotoxic agent against A549 cells, in compared with cisplatin as standard drug.

Conclusions
It was determined that some of synthesized compounds had considerable anticancer activity against the A549 cell lines. Compound 4a including phenyl moiety was the most active compound against the A549 cell line and was identified as a lead moiety. Besides, compound 4c including 4-metoxy phenyl moiety exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 cells. Consequently, compounds possess phenyl and 4-methoxy phenyl moieties have been determined to be important for cytotoxic activity of these compounds.
Numerical Study of Combinations of Strut and Cavity in a Round Supersonic Combustor
Authors: Song Wenyan , Zhang Dongqing , Shi Deyong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Different strut-cavity configurations and fuel injection patterns employed in a round supersonic combustor are numerically investigated. A new parameter defined as an ideal nozzle outlet velocity is used to evaluate performances of different strut-cavity configurations and fuel injection patterns. This parameter is a reflection of the contribution of the combustor performance to the engine thrust. The peak of the velocity curve stands for the best performance of the combustor. Then the flowfields are discussed in detail. The flow structures indicate that the injection from the wall behind a strut achieves a great penetration because of the strong upward transport that results from the streamwise vortices behind the strut. Results show that the combustor performance and the flowfields are greatly influenced by the fuel injection patterns. The fuel injections from the strut sides and from the center ring achieve the better performances than that from the wall behind the struts.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Probe Support Tail Structure on the Compressor Cascade Flow Field
Authors: Xiang Honghui , Ge Ning , Gao Jie , Yang Rongfei , Hou Minjie 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Aiming at resolving the problem of measuring probe blockage effect in the performance experiments of high loaded axial flow compressors, an experimental investigation of the probe support disturbance effect on the compressor cascade flow field was conducted on a transonic plane cascade test facility. The influence characteristics of the probe support tail structure on the cascade downstream flow field under different operation conditions were revealed through the detailed analysis of the test data. The results show that the aerodynamic coupling effect between the upstream probe support wake and the downstream cascade flow field is very intense. Some factors, i. e. inlet Mach number, probe support tail structure, circumferential installing position of probe, and axial distance from the probe support trailing edge to the downstream cascade, are found to have the most impact on the probe disturbance intensity. Under high speed inlet flow condition, changing probe support tail structure can’t inhibit probe support disturbance intensity effectively. Whereas under low speed inlet flow condition, compared with the cylindrical probe, the elliptic probe can inhibit probe support wake loss and reduce disturbance effects on the downstream cascade flow field.
Thermotronics: Towards Nanocircuits to Manage Radiative Heat Flux
Authors: Ben-Abdallah Philippe , Biehs Svend-Age 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The control of electric currents in solids is at the origin of the modern electronics revolution that has driven our daily life since the second half of 20th century. Surprisingly, to date, there is no thermal analogue for a control of heat flux. Here, we summarise the very last developments carried out in this direction to control heat exchanges by radiation both in near and far-field in complex architecture networks.
New oxaphenalene derivative from marine-derived Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4
Authors: Hamed Abdelaaty , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Frese Marcel , Wibberg Daniel , El-Haddad Atef F. , Ibrahim Tarek M. A. , Kalinowski Jörn , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
During our search for novel bioactive compounds from extremophilic actinomycetes, the new Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4 was isolated from a soft coral collected in the Red Sea at the Hurghada coast, Egypt, and characterized taxonomically. It was fermented on large scale using a modified solid rice medium as the first example for actinomycetes so far. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatographic techniques afforded the new oxaphenalene derivative, 8-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-7-acetyl-1-oxaphenalene (1a), together with seven known metabolites: ferulic acid (2), glycerol linoleate, linoleic acid methyl ester, (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one/(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one, anthranilic acid, phenylacetic acid, and benzoic acid. The chemical structure of the new compound (1a) was confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution electron impact mass measurements, and by comparison with literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract and compounds 1a and 2 were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the bacterial extract was studied against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1) and its multi-drug-resistant subclone (KB-V1).
Structural, Thermal and Optical Properties of Mn2+ Doped Methacrylic Acid – Ethyl Acrylate (MAA:EA) Copolymer Films
Authors: Madhava Kumar Y. , Bhagyasree K. , Gopal N.O. , Ramu Ch. , Nagabhushana H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Pure and Mn2+ doped Methacrylic Acid Ethylacrylate (MAA:EA) copolymer films were prepared by using the solution cast technique. Investigations were conducted using DSC, TGA, XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM and EPR. Thermal properties of these films were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Using the DSC thermograms, glass transition temperature (Tg
) and melting temperature (Tm
) of copolymer films were measured. Thermogravimetric curves of the pure and Mn2+ doped MAA:EA copolymer showed two distinct steps of weight loss. The optical absorbance of the pure and Mn2+ doped films were measured in the 200–800 nm wavelength range. The values of absorption edge, direct and indirect band gaps were calculated. The optical band gap decreased with the increase of mol% of Mn2+ ions. The enhanced amorphous nature of the doped copolymer has been identified from X-ray diffraction analysis. FTIR spectral studies of pure and Mn2+ doped MAA:EA copolymer films display significant structural changes within the copolymer film indicating the complexation. The morphology of the copolymer samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). EPR spectra of all the doped samples exhibit a single absorption line centered at g=2.005. The observed variation in the EPR signal intensity is due to the existence of interacting paramagnetic centers.
Sex-Dependent Regulation of Aromatase-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Basolateral Amygdala
Authors: Bender Roland A. , Zhou Lepu , Vierk Ricardo , Brandt Nicola , Keller Alexander , Gee Christine E. , Schäfer Michael K.E. , Rune Gabriele M. 
Published: December 2016

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) integrates sensory input from cortical and subcortical regions, a function that requires marked synaptic plasticity. Here we provide evidence that cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM), the enzyme converting testosterone to 17β-estradiol (E2), contributes to the regulation of this plasticity in a sex-specific manner. We show that AROM is expressed in the BLA, particularly in the basolateral nucleus (BL), in male and female rodents. Systemic administration of the AROM inhibitor letrozole reduced spine synapse density in the BL of adult female mice but not in the BL of male mice. Similarly, in organotypic corticoamygdalar slice cultures from immature rats, treatment with letrozole significantly reduced spine synapses in the BL only in cultures derived from females. In addition, letrozole sex-specifically altered synaptic properties in the BL: in acute slices from juvenile (prepubertal) female rats, wash-in of letrozole virtually abolished long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas it did not prevent the generation of LTP in the slices from males. Together, these data indicate that neuron-derived E2 modulates synaptic plasticity in rodent BLA sex-dependently. As protein expression levels of AROM, estrogen and androgen receptors did not differ between males and females and were not sex-specifically altered by letrozole, the findings suggest sex-specific mechanisms of E2 signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure of the fear circuit. This research reveals a sexually dimorphic regulation of synaptic plasticity in the BLA involving neuronal aromatase, which produces the neurosteroid 17β-estradiol (E2). As male and female neurons in rodent BLA responded differently to aromatase inhibition bothin vivoandin vitro, our findings suggest that E2 signaling in BLA neurons is regulated sex-dependently, presumably via mechanisms that have been established during sexual determination. These findings could be relevant for the understanding of sex differences in mood disorders and of the side effects of cytochrome P450 aromatase inhibitors, which are frequently used for breast cancer therapy.
Differences in Glomerular-Layer-Mediated Feedforward Inhibition onto Mitral and Tufted Cells Lead to Distinct Modes of Intensity Coding
Authors: Geramita Matthew , Urban Nathan N. 
Published: December 2016

Understanding how each of the many interneuron subtypes affects brain network activity is critical. In the mouse olfactory system, mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs) comprise parallel pathways of olfactory bulb output that are thought to play distinct functional roles in odor coding. Here, in acute mouse olfactory bulb slices, we test how the two major classes of olfactory bulb interneurons differentially contribute to differences in MC versus TC response properties. We show that, whereas TCs respond to olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) stimulation with short latencies regardless of stimulation intensity, MC latencies correlate negatively with stimulation intensity. These differences between MCs and TCs are caused in part by weaker excitatory and stronger inhibitory currents onto MCs than onto TCs. These differences in inhibition between MCs and TCs are most pronounced during the first 150 ms after stimulation and are mediated by glomerular layer circuits. Therefore, blocking inhibition originating in the glomerular layer, but not granule-cell-mediated inhibition, reduces MC spike latency at weak stimulation intensities and distinct temporal patterns of odor-evoked responses in MCs and TCs emerge in part due to differences in glomerular-layer-mediated inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOlfactory bulb mitral and tufted cells display different odor-evoked responses and are thought to form parallel channels of olfactory bulb output. Therefore, determining the circuit-level causes that drive these differences is vital. Here, we find that longer-latency responses in mitral cells, compared with tufted cells, are due to weaker excitation and stronger glomerular-layer-mediated inhibition.