bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between XPA gene rs1800975 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xin , Lin Qunying , Fu Cuiping , Liu Chengying , Zhu Fen , Liu Zilong , Li Shanqun , Jiang Liyan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundXeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) gene is a key member of nucleotide excision repair pathway. It was reported that XPA rs1800975 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to lung cancer. However, the conclusions were controversial.MethodsWe conducted a computer retrieval of PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, and WanFang infrastructure platform from 1980 to 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Publication bias was detected by means of a funnel plot.ResultsA total of 11 articles (12 studies) involving 4257 cases and 5294 controls were included. Significant associations could be found between rs1800975 and lung cancer risk in these three models (codominant model AG vs. AA, overdominant genetic model AG vs. AA + GG, dominant model AG + GG vs. AA) in overall. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, we found similar results as above in the Asian population. In the smoking population, the G allele carriers were associated with a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer (AG + GG vs. AA) compared with the AA carriers．Stratified analysis showed the AG genotype and G allele carriers (AG + GG) might be a protective factor compared with the AA gene for squamous carcinoma (AG vs. AA, AG + GG vs. AA).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggested that the XPA gene rs1800975 Polymorphism was associated with lung cancer susceptibility. By performing multiple separate pairwise comparisons, carriers with AG genotype under the codominant genetic model (AG vs. AA) might play actually the leading role in associating with lung cancer susceptibility in overall and in Asians.
Radiologic computed tomography features of Mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lam Diana L. , Kapnadak Siddhartha G. , Godwin J. David , Kicska Gregory A. , Aitken Moira L. , Pipavath Sudhakar N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionMycobacterium abscessus infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can lead to poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is important, but there are no studies outlining specific imaging features of M. abscessus in CF.ObjectivesTo describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of early M. abscessus infection in our CF population.MethodsThirteen CF patients with sputum cultures positive for M. abscessus from 2006 to 2013 were identified at our institution. Clinical characteristics including culture dates and lung function were reviewed. Positive cultures were classified as “disease” versus “colonization” based on published criteria. Chest CT scans were reviewed at times closest to initial infection, and features including bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, consolidation, ground glass opacities, nodules, and cavitation were evaluated. Brody scores were calculated to evaluate extent of CF lung disease.ResultsAll patients had bronchiectasis and mucous plugging, with 10 of 13 (76.9%) in an upper lobe distribution. Consolidation was seen in 12 of 13 (92.3%) patients, 8 (61.5%) patients had nodules, and 5 (38.5%) with cavitation. The average Brody score was 59.5, which was no different than previously described CF cohorts without M. abscessus. There were no significant differences between subjects with disease versus colonization.ConclusionThe most common CT features of early M. abscessus in our CF population include bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, and consolidation, but the findings did not reveal a unique radiologic signature. CT at this initial time point may not distinguish early M. abscessus infection from background lung disease or mycobacterial colonization in CF patients.
Dabigatran can cause eosinophilic pleural and pericardial effusion with blood eosinophilia
Authors: Voulgaris Thanasis , Anevlavis Stavros , Karpathiou Georgia , Forest Fabien , Koulelidis Andreas , Froudarakis Marios 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEosinophilic pleural effusions (EPE) account for 5%–8% of all exudative pleural effusions. A pleural effusion is defined as eosinophilic if it contains 10% or more eosinophils. We present the case of a 70‐year‐old man with EPE, blood eosinophilia and pericardial effusion due to dabigatran, a novel anti‐thrombin agent.
Automated quantification of Ki67/MART1 stains may prevent false‐negative melanoma diagnoses
Authors: Wandler Anne , Spaun Eva , Steiniche Torben , Nielsen Patricia S 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundInability to distinguish melanomas from benign nevi is the most frequent reason for malpractice lawsuits in surgical pathology. Reliable diagnostic tools to support hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and induce diagnostic vigilance are thus highly needed. Because high diagnostic performance recently was showed using automated image analysis, the immunohistochemical proliferation marker Ki67 seems a potential candidate. This study aimed to investigate if this previously presented automated algorithm could have prevented 10 false‐negative melanoma diagnoses. In addition, diagnostic utility of another, but narrower, immunohistochemical proliferation marker, phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), was explored.MethodsA total of 10 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded melanocytic tumors, initially classified as benign or dysplastic but revised as melanomas at metastatic debut, were dual‐stained for Ki67/MART1 and PHH3/MART1. A Ki67 index was automatically calculated in epidermis, dermis, a combination of such, and a dermal hot spot. Dermal PHH3/MART1 scores were established semi‐automatically.ResultsThe dermal Ki67 index identified all 10 melanomas, the hot‐spot index 8 and the epidermal and combined indices only 2 and 5, respectively. Nine melanomas were PHH3 positive and scores correlated with Ki67.ConclusionsPHH3 added limited information, but supplemental automated Ki67 assessment could possibly have prevented the misdiagnosis of most melanomas had the algorithm been available at the time of diagnosis.
Study of Regional Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function in Fetuses with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Velocity Vector Imaging
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Lian Yajun , Wang Xiaofang , Tian Min 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of velocity vector imaging in the assessment of regional left ventricular longitudinal function in fetuses with gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsDigital dynamic four‐chamber views of 98 fetuses with gestational diabetes mellitus and 135 normal fetuses were collected and analyzed using velocity vector imaging. The regional tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate of the interventricular septum and left lateral wall were separately measured in systole and diastole.ResultsA total of 207 of 233 cases were analyzed successfully. Vs (systolic velocity) and Vd (diastolic velocity) were age‐dependent and gradually decreased from the basal segment to the apical segment in the left ventricle (P < 0.05). The Vs after 32+0weeks, Vd after 28+0weeks, and S (strain), SRs (systolic strain rate), and SRd (diastolic strain rate) after 24+0weeks in the left ventricle of fetuses with GDM were obviously lower than the corresponding parameters of normal fetuses (P < 0.05).ConclusionVVI can evaluate the fetal regional left ventricular longitudinal function.
Investigating social cognition in epilepsy using a naturalistic task
Authors: Bujarski Krzysztof A. , Flashman Laura , Li Zhongze , Tosteson Tor D. , Jobst Barbara C. , Thadani Vijay M. , Kobylarz Erik J. , Roberts David W. , Roth Robert M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe primary objective for this study was to assess social cognition in patients with focal epilepsy using a naturalistic task, which accurately models complex real‐world social interaction.MethodsWe conducted an observational study of social cognition in 43 patients with focal epilepsy and in 22 controls. Patients and controls completed The Awareness of Social Inference Test, which measures both basic and advanced social cognition in a realistic video‐based format. Patient and controls also completed standard measures of cognitive functioning and measures of depression.ResultsCompared to controls, we found that patients with epilepsy (PWEs) had no difficulty identifying positively valenced emotional states (happiness) yet had difficulty identifying most negatively valenced emotional states (anger, fear, and disgust). In addition, PWEs were able to identify sincere exchanges correctly but could not identify sarcastic and insincere exchanges. We found that basic social cognition significantly correlated with standard generalized cognitive measures, whereas advanced social cognition did not. Finally, age at onset had significant impact on social cognition, whereas other epilepsy characteristics did not.SignificancePWEs have deficits in social cognition when measured using a naturalistic video‐based task. Advanced social cognition may be an independent cognitive domain in PWEs that is not adequately measured using standard psychometric instruments. Problems with social cognition may arise as a consequence of epilepsy during the periods of robust social development in childhood and adolescence.
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Cardiomyopathy Associated With Loperamide Abuse
Authors: VAUGHN PATRICIA , SOLIK MICHELLE M. K. , BAGGA SHIV , PADANILAM BENZY J. 
Published: July 2016

Electrocardiographic Abnormalities Associated With Loperamide AbuseA 20‐year‐old man presented with recurrent syncope and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). His evaluation revealed a prolonged QT interval >600 milliseconds, witnessed torsades de pointes (TdP), and dilated cardiomyopathy. At his initial admission, an ICD was implanted and atrial pacing at 80 beats per minute suppressed ventricular arrhythmias. The patient was readmitted with device infection and recurrent TdP leading to intubation. This led to the discovery of a hitherto unrevealed loperamide abuse and his cardiac arrhythmias and LV dysfunction were determined to be related to large doses of loperamide. Following abstinence, his ejection fraction and ECG returned to normal.
Can hair re‐growth be considered an early clinical marker of treatment resistance to Hedgehog inhibitors in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma? A report of two cases
Authors: Soura E. , Plaka M. , Dessinioti C. , Syrigos K. , Stratigos A.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionBasal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common skin cancers in the Caucasian population. BCCs are in the majority of cases adequately managed with surgical excision, however a small subset of these tumours exhibit resistance to conventional therapies and progress to become locally advanced or even metastatic. Although Hedgehog inhibitors have been successfully used during the last few years in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BCCs, resistance to treatment remains an issue. Until this point, no biomarkers or clinical markers of drug resistance for Hedgehog inhibitors have been identified.Methods and resultsWe report two patients, a female patient with Gorlin syndrome and a male patient with locally advanced BCC, which received treatment with the Hedgehog inhibitor Vismodegib. These patients responded adequately to treatment and they both developed Hedgehog inhibitor‐induced alopecia as an adverse event. However, after 2.5 and 1.5 years of treatment, respectively, the patients exhibited progressive disease that was accompanied by reversal of the Hedgehog inhibitor‐induced alopecia, although still under treatment with Vismodegib.ConclusionAlthough alopecia is a well‐known adverse event associated with the administration of Hh inhibitors, data associated with the appearance and/or clinical severity of alopecia and the treatment efficacy of Hedgehog inhibitors are limited. The Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in the normal cycling of the hair follicles in adults and, therefore, the pathomechanism of Hedgehog inhibitor‐induced alopecia is considered unique for this drug class. Based on the fact that Hh inhibitor resistance is associated with partial reactivation of the Hh pathway, it would not be illogical to suggest that reversal of Hh inhibitor‐induced alopecia in patients under treatment with Hh inhibitors could serve as a clinical marker of drug resistance. However, this observation, as reported in this paper, is only limited in two patients and therefore more information is needed in order to assess its actual clinical importance.
Development and validation of a shared decision‐making instrument for health‐related quality of life one year after total hip replacement based on quality registries data
Authors: Nemes Szilard , Rolfson Ola , Garellick Göran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesClinicians considering improvements in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after total hip replacement (THR) must account for multiple pieces of information. Evidence‐based decisions are important to best assess the effect of THR on HRQoL. This work aims at constructing a shared decision‐making tool that helps clinicians assessing the future benefits of THR by offering predictions of 1‐year postoperative HRQoL of THR patients.MethodsWe used data from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. Data from 2008 were used as training set and data from 2009 to 2012 as validation set.We adopted two approaches. First, we assumed a continuous distribution for the EQ‐5D index and modelled the postoperative EQ‐5D index with regression models. Second, we modelled the five dimensions of the EQ‐5D and weighted together the predictions using the UK Time Trade‐Off value set.As predictors, we used preoperative EQ‐5D dimensions and the EQ‐5D index, EQ visual analogue scale, visual analogue scale pain, Charnley classification, age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists, surgical approach and prosthesis type. Additionally, the tested algorithms were combined in a single predictive tool by stacking.ResultsBest predictive power was obtained by the multivariate adaptive regression splines (R2 = 0.158). However, this was not significantly better than the predictive power of linear regressions (R2 = 0.157). The stacked model had a predictive power of 17%.ConclusionsSuccessful implementation of a shared decision‐making tool that can aid clinicians and patients in understanding expected improvement in HRQoL following THR would require higher predictive power than we achieved. For a shared decision‐making tool to succeed, further variables, such as socioeconomics, need to be considered.
Registered nurses' experience of delegating the administration of medicine to unlicensed personnel in residential care homes
Authors: Gransjön Craftman Åsa , Grape Charlotte , Ringnell Katarina , Westerbotn Margareta 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectiveThe aim was to describe registered nurses' experience in the context of delegating the administration of medication to unlicensed personnel in residential care homes.BackgroundThe residents in residential care homes have a need for extensive care and nursing, and large amounts of medicines are common practice. Registered nurses' workload and difficulties in fulfilling their duties, such as administration of medicines, have led to frequent delegation of this task between the registered nurses and unlicensed assisting personnel. It is, of course, a great responsibility to ensure that the care of the older people remains safe while maintaining quality in the prevailing situation.DesignA qualitative inductive descriptive study.MethodsData were collected using audio‐recorded semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 18 registered nurses and interpreted using manifest content analysis. The study was approved by the ethical research committee.ResultsRegistered nurses found the organisation unsupportive with regard to nursing interventions. The delegation context was experienced as a grey zone; the rules and regulations were not in line with the unspoken expectation to delegate the administration of medicine to unlicensed personnel, in order to be able to manage their daily work.ConclusionsThe slimmed organisation of residential care homes relies upon registered nurses' use of delegation of medicine administration to unlicensed assistant personnel. It becomes an inevitable assignment entailing a challenging responsibility for patient safety and the quality of care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of caring for older people in residential care homes and to improving the work environment of all healthcare personnel.
Racial/ethnic differences in unmet needs for mental health and substance use treatment in a community‐based sample of sexual minority women
Authors: Jeong Yoo Mi , Veldhuis Cindy B , Aranda Frances , Hughes Tonda L 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the unmet needs for mental health and substance use treatment among a diverse sample of sexual minority women (lesbian, bisexual).BackgroundSexual minority women are more likely than heterosexual women to report depression and hazardous drinking. However, relatively little is known about sexual minority women's use of mental health or substance use treatment services, particularly about whether use varies by race/ethnicity.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of existing data.MethodsAnalyses included data from 699 Latina, African American and white sexual minority women interviewed in wave 3 of the 17‐year Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study. Using logistic regression, we examined the associations among sexual identity, race/ethnicity, use of mental health and substance use treatment, as well as potential unmet need for treatment.ResultsOverall, women in the study reported high levels of depression and alcohol dependence, and these varied by sexual identity and race/ethnicity. Use of mental health and substance use treatment also varied by race/ethnicity, as did potential unmet need for both mental health and substance use treatment.ConclusionsOur findings that suggest although use of treatment among sexual minority women is high overall, there is a potentially sizable unmet need for mental health and substance use treatment that varies by race/ethnicity, with Latina women showing the greatest unmet need for treatment.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses and other healthcare providers should be aware of the high rates of depression and hazardous drinking among sexual minority women, understand the factors that may increase the risk of these conditions among sexual minority women, the potentially high unmet need for mental health and substance use treatment – perhaps particularly among Latina women and be equipped to provide culturally sensitive care or refer to appropriate treatment services as needed.
Australian primary health care nurses most and least satisfying aspects of work
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth , Ashley Christine 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify the aspects of working in Australian primary health care that nurses rate as the most and least satisfying.BackgroundThe nursing workforce in Australian primary health care has grown exponentially to meet the growing demand for health care. To maintain and further growth requires the recruitment and retention of nurses to this setting. Understanding the factors that nurses' rate as the most and least satisfying about their job will inform strategies to enhance nurse retention.DesignA cross‐sectional online survey.MethodNurses employed in primary health care settings across Australia were recruited (n = 1166) to participate in a survey which combined items related to the respondent, their job, type of work, clinical activities, job satisfaction and future intention, with two open‐ended items about the most and least satisfying aspects of their work.ResultsPatient interactions, respect, teamwork, collegiality and autonomy were identified as the most satisfying professional aspects of their role. Personal considerations such as family friendly work arrangements and a satisfactory work–life balance were also important, overriding negative components of the role. The least satisfying aspects were poor financial support and remuneration, lack of a career path, physical work environment and time constraints. National restructuring of the primary health care environment was seen as a barrier to role stability and ability to work to a full scope of practice.ConclusionsThis study has identified a range of positive and negative professional and personal aspects of the primary health care nursing role, which may impact on staff recruitment and retention. Findings from the study should be considered by employers seeking to retain and maximise the skills of their primary health care workforce.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the factors that nurses perceive as being the most and least satisfying aspects of the work is can open up dialogue about how to improve the working experience of nurses in primary health care.
Comparison of placental elasticity in normal and pre‐eclamptic pregnant women by acoustic radiation force impulse elastosonography
Authors: Karaman Erbil , Arslan Harun , Çetin Orkun , Şahin Hanιm Güler , Bora Aydin , Yavuz Alparslan , Elasan Sadi , Akbudak İbrahim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this research was to study and compare placental elasticity with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in pre‐eclamptic and normal pregnancies.MethodsA total of 107 singleton pregnancies in the third trimester (38 healthy control subjects, 34 patients with gestational hypertension, and 35 pre‐eclampsia patients) were included in the study. ARFI elastography was used to determine the placental elasticity in the three predetermined regions of the placenta (the fetal edge, maternal edge, and central part of the placenta). The obstetrical data regarding grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography and perinatal outcomes were reviewed. A mean placental shear wave velocity cut‐off value that predicts the presence of pre‐eclampsia was determined.ResultsThe shear wave elasticity values in the pre‐eclampsia group in all three regions were significantly higher than in the gestational hypertension and healthy control groups (P = 0.001). The most significant difference was found in the peripheral edge of the placenta from the fetal surface in the pre‐eclampsia group (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe stiffness of the placenta determined by the ARFI technique is significantly higher in pre‐eclampsia patients. ARFI elastography of the placenta might be used as a non‐invasive and easy method in the diagnosis and evaluation of pre‐eclampsia as a supplement to the already existing methods.