bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suffragettes of the Empire, Daughters of the Republic: Women Auto/biographers Narrate National History (1918-1935)
Authors: Adak Hülya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper explores modes of autobiographical writing by female authors in the early republican period. Women's autobiographies draw a strict distinction between the narration of the private and the public self, as they promote the narration of the undomestic, professional self at the expense of the private. Ironically, even if the autobiographers in question were politically active in suffrage, women's autobiographies either do not represent the authors' involvement in such campaigns, or praise state feminism for granting emancipation. “Personal is political” only becomes a maxim for a later generation of women writers, with autobiographies and autobiographical novels of the post-1970 period underscoring the importance of exploring the subjectivity of the adult woman/narrator. More recent examples of auto/biographical writing blur the boundaries between private and public and narrate gendered accounts of republican history.
“Cinema Grande” and the Rhetoric of Illusion in Uyurkulak'sHar
Authors: Gürle Meltem 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article traces the patterns of irony and thecarnivalesquein Murat Uyurkulak's fantastic fictionHar, focusing especially on the depiction of a group of misfits,yamuklar(the crooked), as portrayed in the central chapter, “Cinema Grande.” Arguing that a reconfigured carnival spirit finds its way into Uyurkulak's novel, the article explores from a Bakhtinian perspective the ways in which the author offers a modern version of popular festive elements, especially the jester or the fool who signifies the symbolic destruction of authority and resistance to the mechanisms of power. The employment of thecarnivalesqueenables the author not only to speak of what is essentially unspeakable, but also to displace the illusion of progress fabricated by authority. This turns out to be possible only through artistic illusion. By focusing on the portrayal of the outcasts in Cinema Grande, this article also draws attention to the different representations of madness in Atay's “disconnected” and Uyurkulak's “crooked.”
Labor Transformation through the Prism of the Household: Evidence from The Turkish Tourism Industry
Authors: Aykaç Aslıhan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to use the household as an analytical construct in order to examine how the process of labor transformation in the tourism industry is experienced within the immediate circumstances of workers in three coastal towns in Turkey. I argue that the recent growth of the tourism industry in Turkey absorbs a major portion of its labor force from agriculture, and factors such as the scale of operation, maintenance of links to the rural background, and the social composition of tourism workers yield different patterns of labor transformation. The best site for evaluating these patterns of labor transformation is the household, which provides access to social as well as economic aspects of labor transformation. Household analysis explains the complexity of labor transformation due to the coexistence of traditional forms of production and the market economy. The article is based on ethnographic evidence on household structures, household composition and division of labor in three coastal towns.
Missing Links in Poverty Analysis in the Age of Neoliberal Globalization: Some Lessons from Turkey
Authors: Şenses Fikret 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe main objective of this essay is to point out the missing links between neoliberalism on the one hand, and a comprehensive analysis of poverty and effective policies to tackle it, on the other. After identifying the main channels through which neoliberalism affects poverty, I will draw attention to the inadequacy of the neoliberal approach in coming to terms with the main reasons behind poverty, as well as in developing a comprehensive and effective mechanism for its alleviation. I emphasize the role of international institutions in determining the dominant development discourse and changes in the importance given to the issue of poverty over time. The essay links the ineffectiveness of existing poverty alleviation policies to distributional imbalances at both the global and domestic levels. Against the background of the main constraints and opportunities for effective poverty alleviation policies in individual countries, it emphasizes the need for a poverty alleviation strategy as an integral part of a broader development strategy and identifies its main premises. It calls for action on the academic, domestic and international fronts and stresses the central role of the state, a more balanced reliance on domestic and international markets, emphasis on productive employment creation, the development of effective redistribution mechanisms, and the creation of effective domestic and international constituencies as the main components of such a strategy.
Community Matters: A Study of the Interaction of Microcredit Borrowers in Diyarbakır with the Market Economy?
Authors: Bulut Tuğçe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper analyzes the processes of integration of the poor into the market, as instigated by their involvement in microfinance projects. This analysis is based on the findings of an ethnographic study of the Turkish Grameen Microcredit Project (TGMP), conducted in Diyarbakır at different time periods between September of 2004 and July of 2005. By analyzing in detail the nature of economic life revolving around the microfinance practices, this paper intends to elucidate the way in which the integration of the microcredit borrowers into the market is guided by societal processes. The findings of the field research show that in everyday practices the borrowers adjust the microfinance system to their own needs and accommodate the economic activities originating in microcredit into their wider social structure. Thus, one can conclude that they are integrated into the market in their own way, guiding the integration process with their own socio-cultural institutions.
The fight over nobody's children: Religion, nationality and citizenship of foundlings in the late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Maksudyan Nazan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the late nineteenth century, the religion, nationality, and citizenship of abandoned children became a contested terrain over which much effort was spent by local authorities, foreign missionaries, religious and civil leaders of the communities, municipalities, the police force, and the central state. Relying on Ottoman and French archival sources, together with periodicals and contemporary literature, this paper discerns the elevated political significance of abandoned children within such realms as demographic politics, politics of conversion, and national identities. The state's new preoccupation of properly registering new-born infants, in line with the new Regulation on Population Registration created controversy over the nationality and citizenship of abandoned children. As new administrative reforms challenged the customary jurisdiction and the autonomy of the communal authorities and as the power of the governmental bureaus, police departments, the municipality, and the foundling unit of theDârü'l-acezeincreased, non-Muslim leadership resisted these practices: they both submitted official appeals to the government and opened or strengthened their own foundling facilities. Furthermore, the child gathering efforts of Catholic missionaries created an atmosphere of self-defense on the part of the communities, as they felt threatened with losing prospective members of their newly conceived and idealized imagined communities. In this context, abandoned children attracted interest hardly due to pity, or disinterested charity. Institutional solutions, policies, and strategies of diverse and competing actors were closely related to the emergence of a modernized governmental structure and attempts to strengthen communities as its mirror image.
Fruitless Attempts? The Kurdish Initiative and Containment of the Kurdish Movement in Turkey
Authors: Casier Marlies , Jongerden Joost , Walker Nic 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFollowing the victory of the Kurdish party DTP (Demokratik Toplum Partisi, Democratic Society Party) in Turkey's southeastern provinces in the local elections of March 2009, Turkey witnessed the AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Justice and Development Party) government's Kurdish initiative, the closure of the victorious Kurdish party, and waves of arrests of Kurdish activists and politicians. This rush of action constituted a renewed effort to contain and roll back the political and societal influence of the Kurdish movement. But what is it exactly that the government and the state were attempting to contain, and why? This article considers the recent moves of the ruling AKP, the judiciary, and the Turkish Armed Forces in regard to the “Kurdish problem” in Turkey's southeast, interpreting them as different responses to the regional success of the Kurdish movement.
Astray and Stranded at the Gates of The European Union: African Transit Migrants in İstanbul
Authors: Yükseker Deniz , Brewer Kelly Todd 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the consequences of EU migration control policies on irregular and transit migration in Turkey by focusing on African migrants. Our argument is that the EU's concern with transit migration through the Mediterranean and hence its externalization and securitization of migration control have contributed to Turkey's becoming a waiting room for irregular and transit migrants. Based on the findings of a survey with African migrants in İstanbul and analysis of secondary sources, we show that many African migrants get stranded in Turkey. In the absence of an institutional setup for migration management and the prevalence of a security approach, migrants are faced with humanitarian problems and human rights violations.
Migration From Turkey to Germany: An Ethnic Approach
Authors: Sirkeci İbrahim 
Published: February 2016

Ülkemin ırmakları dışarı akarNeden bilmem can havliyle akar…(Cemal Süreya, 1988)(The rivers of my country are flowing outFrightened to death they flow, I know not why…)The growth in the numbers of asylum seekers to Western European countries over the past decade (Castles and Loughna, 2002) has underlined the significance of “political” and other non-economic factors in shaping migration flows, drawing attention to the inadequacy of theoretical explanations based on socio-economic differentials. The need to reassess earlier research on labor flows to take into account the existence of migrants obliged to flee from situations involving political persecution has become apparent, whether the migrants be directly or personally a target of persecution or whether they feel threatened by association for reasons of ethnicity, geography, etc. My main aim in this article is to raise the issue of the role of “Kurdish ethnicity” as one instance of such political forces in shaping migration flows from Turkey to Germany. During the 1970s and 1980s, research on patterns of migration between the two countries was almost exclusively concerned with the “incorporation of guest workers” into German labor markets and the contribution of their remittances to the Turkish economy.
The Politics of Poor Relief in the Late Ottoman Empire 1876-1914
Authors: Özbek Nadir 
Published: February 2016

This article examines the Ottoman state's increasing involvement in caring for the poor and the needy and the emergence of modern relief institutions and hospitals throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The particular focus will be on the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876-1909) and the second constitutional period (1908-14) up until World War I.Rather than presenting the emergence of poor-relief institutions in the Ottoman Empire as a function of increasing poverty and need, or as a function of the state's desire to control and regulate the urban population for various concerns, I concentrate on the dynamics of the political sphere. I will focus particularly on the political conflict between the sultan and the new political elite, whose identity was defined in relation to newly structured state functions and services.
Information or Culture: The Intellectual Dissemination of Americanism as Common Sense
Authors: Kaçel Ela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe discourse of postwar modern architecture is dominated by historical accounts that easily describe the processes of modernization in Turkey during the Cold War as a unilateral flow of ideas and expertise from the United States. Yet, the relation between benefactor and beneficiary is much more complex. This article explores culture production as a state function and intellectual practice through which bureaucrats and intellectuals representing the state agencies disseminated Americanism as common sense in postwar Turkey. Drawing on the cultural activities of two parallel organizations, the Turkish Information Office (TIO) acting in New York and the United States Information Service (USIS) in Turkey, it illustrates how the intricate relations among ideology, politics, and architecture affect the practices of bureaucrats and their audiences in the process of culture production. Promoting ideologies of Americanism, these organizations simultaneously popularized American architects and their buildings to their audiences. The comparative analysis of two case studies, the photo bookTalking Turkeyby the TIO and the Architecture Series of the Voice of America Forum Lectures, demonstrates how the division created between information and culture as two separate functions of foreign diplomacy perpetuated similar divisions in architectural discourse such as the iconic and the ordinary.
A success story or a flawed example? The anatomy of the Turkish model for the Middle East
Authors: Özdikmenli İlkim , Ovalı Şevket 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article argues that it is fallacious to promote the Turkish democratic experience under the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) as a model for the emerging Arab democracies. Despite the early political reformism of the AKP, an empirical analysis of the government’s recent crackdown on basic rights and freedoms demonstrates that the “Turkish model,” defined as a marriage of Islam and liberal democracy, cannot respond to the demands of Arab reformers. In this regard, the article falls into three sections. In the first section, assets of the “Turkish model” according to various actors are examined, which casts doubt on the emancipatory discourse underlying the promotion of the model. The second section proposes the term “leader democracy”—or, more specifically, “Erdoğanism”—as a way of denoting the governmental structure of Turkey as of early 2014. The final section depicts the current Turkish democracy in terms of the state of checks and balances and of basic political and social rights.
Gypsies in the economy of Turkey: A focus on Gypsy flower sellers in two central districts of İstanbul
Authors: Özateşler Gül 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article aims to explore the conditions and roles of Gypsies in the economy of Turkey through a focus on street flower sellers in two central districts of İstanbul, Şişli and Taksim. It proposes a multidimensional analysis that demonstrates different dynamics of social exclusion, socio-economic and political relations, and agency positions. After first reviewing several approaches to Gypsies’ roles in non-Gypsy economies, Gypsies’ conditions in Turkey are then examined in relation to their roles in the economy. Finally, their positions in the flower-selling sector in the two districts, Şişli and Taksim, are analyzed through working conditions, socioeconomic dynamics, social exclusion, and perceptions of Gypsyness.
In vitromaturation alters gene expression in bovine oocytes
Authors: Adona Paulo R. , Leal Cláudia L.V. , Biase Fernando H. , De Bem Tiago H. , Mesquita Lígia G. , Meirelles Flávio V. , Ferraz André L. , Furlan Luiz R. , Monzani Paulo S. , Guemra Samuel 
Published: February 2016

SummaryGene expression profiling ofin vivo- andin vitro-matured bovine oocytes can identify transcripts related to the developmental potential of oocytes. Nonetheless, the effects ofin vitroculturing oocytes are yet to be fully understood. We tested the effects ofin vitromaturation on the transcript profile of oocytes collected fromBos taurus indicuscows. We quantified the expression of 1488 genes inin vivo- andin vitro-matured oocytes. Of these, 51 genes were up-regulated, whereas 56 were down-regulated (≥2-fold) inin vivo-matured oocytes in comparison within vitro-matured oocytes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nine genes confirmed the microarray results of differential expression betweenin vivo- andin vitro-matured oocytes (EZR, EPN1, PSEN2, FST, IGFBP3, RBBP4, STAT3, FDPSandIRS1). We interrogated the results for enrichment of Gene Ontology categories and overlap with protein–protein interactions. The results revealed that the genes altered byin vitromaturation are mostly related to the regulation of oocyte metabolism. Additionally, analysis of protein–protein interactions uncovered two regulatory networks affected by thein vitroculture system. We propose that the differentially expressed genes are candidates for biomarkers of oocyte competence.In vitrooocyte maturation can affect the abundance of specific transcripts and are likely to deplete the developmental competence.
Automobile usage and urban rail transit expansion: evidence from a natural experiment in Beijing, China
Authors: Xie Lunyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUsing individual travel diary data collected before and after a rail transit expansion in urban Beijing, the impact of urban rail accessibility improvement on the usage of rail transit, automobiles, buses, walking and bicycling, as well as the cross-area externality induced by congestion alleviation, is estimated. The results show that rail transit usage significantly increased for commuters residing in the affected areas and that the additional rail passengers were previously auto users, rather than bus passengers. The cross-area externality is estimated as small, which implies that the congestion alleviation was not large enough (yet) to change the travel mode choices of commuters residing in areas that did not experience the improvement. Furthermore, the results show that neither the number of commute work trips nor their length increased, indicating that the quantity of travel was not increased by the rail transit expansion.
Medical savings accounts: assessing their impact on efficiency, equity and financial protection in health care
Authors: Wouters Olivier J. , Cylus Jonathan , Yang Wei , Thomson Sarah , McKee Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMedical savings accounts (MSAs) allow enrolees to withdraw money from earmarked funds to pay for health care. The accounts are usually accompanied by out-of-pocket payments and a high-deductible insurance plan. This article reviews the association of MSAs with efficiency, equity, and financial protection. We draw on evidence from four countries where MSAs play a significant role in the financing of health care: China, Singapore, South Africa, and the United States of America. The available evidence suggests that MSA schemes have generally been inefficient and inequitable and have not provided adequate financial protection. The impact of these schemes on long-term health-care costs is unclear. Policymakers and others proposing the expansion of MSAs should make explicit what they seek to achieve given the shortcomings of the accounts.
Sarkoidose – klinische Aspekte
Authors: Kleiner Rebekka , Brutsche Martin 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Sarkoidose ist eine pneumotrope granulomatöse Systemerkrankung unklarer Ursache. Die Diagnose einer Sarkoidose basiert auf der klinischen Präsentation und dem histologischen Nachweis von nicht-nekrotisierenden epitheloidzelligen Granulomen – nach Ausschluss anderer Differentialdiagnosen. In > 90 % der Fälle findet sich ein intrathorakaler Befall. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt deshalb häufig eine Bronchoskopie. Die Indikation zu einer immunosuppressiven Therapie soll aufgrund der mehrheitlich guten Langzeitprognose zurückhaltend gestellt werden.
Disparities in suicide mortality trends between United States of America and 25 European countries: retrospective analysis of WHO mortality database
Authors: Fond Guillaume , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Boucekine Mohamed , Zendjidjian Xavier , Brunel Lore , Lancon Christophe , Auquier Pascal , Boyer Laurent 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe objective was to examine changes in temporal trends in suicide mortality in 26 Western countries by retrospective trend analysis of the WHO mortality database on causes of deaths. From 1990 to 2010, there was a median reduction in suicide mortality of 22.7%, ranging from a 46% reduction in Estonia to a 26.2% increase in Romania. Suicide mortality decreased by ≥20% in 15 countries and the reduction tended to be greater in countries with higher mortality in 1990. In most of the central European countries mortality strongly declined. The median changes in the age groups were −25.3% (range −62.9% to 72.6%) in people aged 15–24 years, −36.9% (−60.5% to 32.4%) in 25–34 years, −3.6% (−57.1% to 92%) in 35–54 years, −12.2% (−37% to 65,7%) in 55–74 years and −16.1% (−54.5% to 166.7%) in ≥75 years. Suicide prevention programs in youths and in the elderly seem to be effective (at least in females for the elderly) and efforts should be pursued in this way. However, suicide mortality of the people aged 35–54 years has increased in half of the studied countries between 1990 and 2010. Public policies should further orientate their efforts toward this population.
Coexistence of multiple metastable polytypes in rhombohedral bismuth
Authors: Shu Yu , Hu Wentao , Liu Zhongyuan , Shen Guoyin , Xu Bo , Zhao Zhisheng , He Julong , Wang Yanbin , Tian Yongjun , Yu Dongli 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDerivative structural polytypes coexisting with the rhombohedral A7 structure of elemental bismuth (Bi) have been discovered at ambient condition, based on microstructure analyses of pure Bi samples treated under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Three structures with atomic positions close to those of the A7 structure have been identified through first-principles calculations, showing these polytypes energetically comparable to the A7 structure under ambient condition. Simulated diffraction data are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. We argue that previously reported some variations of physical properties (e.g., density, electrical conductivity and magnetism) in bismuth could be due to the formation of these polytypes. The coexistence of metastable derivative structural polytypes may be a widely occurring phenomenon in other elemental materials.