bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of a bis‐Pocket Corrole through a 14‐fold Bromination Reaction
Authors: Norheim Hans‐Kristian , Schneider Christian , Gagnon Kevin J. , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA one‐pot protocol, effecting 14‐fold bromination with elemental bromine, has afforded copper β‐octabromo‐meso‐tris(2,6‐dibromo‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)corrole, a new bis‐pocket metallocorrole. The Cu complex underwent smooth demetalation under reductive conditions, affording the free corrole ligand, which in turn could be readily complexed to MnIII and AuIII. A single‐crystal X‐ray structure was obtained for the MnIII complex.
Azido chelating fiber: synthesis, characterization and adsorption performances towards Hg2+ and Pb2+ from water
Authors: Zhang Like , Wang Yanan , Huang Jiajia , Yuan Siguo 
Published: February 2017

Herein, we report the synthesis and adsorption property of a novel chelating fiber containing azido group. Firstly, the brominated fiber (PP‐St‐DVB‐Br) was obtained via the reaction of polypropylene‐(g)‐styrene‐divinylbenzene fiber (PP‐St‐DVB) with bromine in CH2Cl2 solution. Then, azido chelating fiber (PP‐St‐DVB‐N3) was prepared by azidation of PP‐St‐DVB‐Br fiber. Its structure and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and chemical titration, respectively. The micromophology and functional group distribution in fibrous matrix were investigated by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the chelating fiber has high functional group contents (2.11 mmol/g for PP‐St‐DVB‐N3) and uniform distribution. Different from granulate chelating resin, the novel fibrous adsorbent possesses excellent adsorption ability for Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions (408.9 mg/g for Hg2+ and 334.4 mg/g for Pb2+), and the adsorption capacity of the fiber has no loss until five cycles. The novel absorbent material shows the potential application prospect in the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire safety of bridges – methodology supporting design and forensic evaluation
Authors: Yanagisawa Norifumi , Imagawa Yusuke , Ohyama Osamu , Rutner Marcus , Kurita Akimitsu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr. Eng. Akimitsu Kurita on his 70th birthday, in honour of his scientific achievements, guidance and the education of his students.Fire safety in bridge design is not as developed as fire safety in building design, even though a bridge failure can cause significant economic damage impacting on an area. This paper addresses an unanswered question with regard to fire safety, i.e. the capability to identify the governing failure mode of a bridge subjected to severe fire loading and ranking the regions of greatest fire exposure risk. Hence, this proposed methodology is also expected to support forensic work identifying the failure mode where a bridge has failed due to a severe fire, as will be shown using the 9‐Mile Road Overpass collapse as an example. In an effort to mitigate fire damage, the fire protection panel (FFP) is introduced, which is part of a sacrificial structure shielding the bridge superstructure from exposure to fire from underneath.
Design of composite columns with cross‐sections not covered by Eurocode 4
Authors: Hanswille Gerhard , Bergmann Marco , Bergmann Reinhard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr. Akimitsu Kurita on his 70th birthdayThe use of composite columns with special types of sections e.g. concrete filled tubes with massive inner cores became very popular in the last years. These sections are not in the scope of the simplified design method of Eurocode 4. The paper deals with a design proposal for columns with those sections based on the general design method and it shows how this method can also be used extending the scope of the simplified design method in Eurocode 4.
Evaluating early‐age shrinkage effects in steel concrete composite beam‐like structures
Authors: Li Xi , Glisic Branko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr. Akimitsu Kurita on his 70th birthdayThe shrinkage of concrete is a material phenomenon that occurs due to the reduction in the concrete's volume over time. In composite beam‐like structures, the shrinkage of concrete elements affects strains and stresses in the overall composite section. The ability to identify and estimate early‐age shrinkage in beam‐like structures allows the creation of a baseline for strain‐based structural health monitoring, and enables a more thorough understanding of structural performance and condition. In this project, the early‐age shrinkage behaviour of steel‐concrete composite beam structures was studied with an integrated approach using monitoring data from a reduced‐scale test structure and simulation results from finite element analysis. A simplified analytical expression was developed to study further the range of magnitude of shrinkage in the concrete slab and the resultant strain distribution in steel girders. The goal of this paper is to create an innovative, comprehensive and widely applicable procedure that identifies and quantifies early‐age shrinkage in steel‐concrete composite beam‐like structures and its effects on the overall composite cross‐section.
Experimental and numerical analyses of the effectiveness of high‐frequency peening processes
Authors: Mangerig Ingbert , Kroyer Robert , Koller Matthias 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr. Akimitsu Kurita on his 70th birthdayTo assess fatigue behaviour, experimental tests were conducted on material specimens furnished with hammer peening tracks, with two different types of treatment being employed. The results of fatigue tests on treated specimens were compared with those of untreated specimens and assessed. Non‐linear analyses with the FE program ADINA, taking into account the stress–distortion behaviour of a material subjected to fatigue, were conducted as part of the test concept, specimen analysis, evaluation of the test results and probing the mode of action of both techniques.
Hybrid Text: An Engaging Genre to Teach Content Area Material Across the Curriculum
Authors: Bintz William P. , Ciecierski Lisa M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards for English language arts expect that teachers will use narrative and informational texts to teach content area material across the curriculum. However, many teachers at all grade levels struggle to incorporate both kinds of text, especially given the vast amount of specialized content they are required to teach. The purpose of this article is to introduce hybrid text as an engaging genre that artfully integrates narrative and informational text and teaches content area material across the curriculum. It begins by situating hybrid text within the Common Core Anchor Standards for Reading. Next, it describes how hybrid texts can integrate narrative and informational text. Then, it identifies several design features and discusses potentials of hybrid text. It ends by sharing suggested hybrid texts that teachers can use to teach mathematics, science, social studies, and language arts.
“Spherulite-like” jadeite growth in shock-melt veins of the Novosibirsk H5/6 chondrite
Authors: Bazhan I.S. , Ozawa Shin , Miyahara M. , Ohtani E. , Litasov K.D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Novosibirsk H5/6 ordinary chondrite has signs of shock metamorphism, such as dark shock-melt veins (SMVs) crossing the chondrite host rock. The plagioclase composition grains (Ab78An14Or7) with jadeite were found in the host-rock fragments inside the SMVs. Jadeite has an unusual radial-concentric spherulite-like microtexture. The spherulite-like jadeite formed from the molten plagioclase grain under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions during an impact event. The crystallization was accompanied by sodium–potassium differentiation between coexisting jadeite and residual melt. The PT-conditions of jadeite formation were estimated to be 3–14 GPa and 1400–2150 °C. Jadeite crystallization, Na–K differentiation, and the pressure–temperature estimates of jadeite formation in the Novosibirsk chondrite are very close to those in the Chelyabinsk LL5 chondrite. The spherulite-like microtexture and jadeite–glass coexistence, most likely, point to a high cooling rate of the SMVs at the pressure release stage of the metamorphic process.
Mineralogical and geochemical features of bacterial mats and travertines of the Khoito-Gol thermal spring (East Sayan)
Authors: Tatarinov A.V. , Yalovik L.I. , Kashkak E.S. , Danilova E.V. , Khromova E.A. , Khakhinov V.V. , Namsaraev B.B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The mineralogical and geochemical features of the Khoito-Gol ecosystem (fresh thermal waters–microorganisms–travertines) of the Baikal Rift Zone and the aspects of the interaction among its components were studied. The research has shown that the behavior, distribution, and accumulation of trace elements are determined mostly by the geochemical barriers of geologic and biologic genesis in the flowing-water habitat of bacteria of the Khoito-Gol spring. Formation of biominerals by different functional groups of its bacterial community is considered.
Sur une généralisation de l’inégalité de Wirtinger
Authors: Dacorogna B. , Gangbo W. , Subía N. 
Published: February 2017

A generalization of Wirtinger’s inequality
. – Let

\alpha_{\mathrm{I}} = \alpha_{\mathrm{I}}(p,q) = \min \left\{\frac{\|u'\|_{\mathrm{L}^p}}{\|u\|_{\mathrm{L}^q}} \;\vert\;
u \in \mathrm{W}^{1,p}(-1,1)\{0\}, u(-1) = u(1), \int_{-1}^1 u|u|^{q-2} = 0 \right\},

\alpha_{\mathrm{II}} = \alpha_{\mathrm{II}}(p,q) = \min \left\{\frac{\|u'\|_{\mathrm{L}^p}}{\|u\|_{\mathrm{L}^q}} \;\vert\;
u \in \mathrm{W}^{1,p}(-1,1)\{0\}, u(-1) = u(1),\int _{-1}^1 u = 0\right\}.

We compute explicitly αI, and we show that for

q ≦ 2p

,

\alpha_{\mathrm{I}}=\alpha_{\mathrm{II}}

while for

q

sufficiently large

\alpha_{\mathrm{II}}<\alpha_{\mathrm{I}}

.

Résumé
Soient

\alpha_{\mathrm{I}} = \alpha_{\mathrm{I}}(p,q) = \min \left\{\frac{\|u'\|_{\mathrm{L}^p}}{\|u\|_{\mathrm{L}^q}} \;\vert\;
u \in \mathrm{W}^{1,p}(-1,1)\{0\}, u(-1) = u(1), \int_{-1}^1 u|u|^{q-2} = 0 \right\},

\alpha_{\mathrm{II}} = \alpha_{\mathrm{II}}(p,q) = \min \left\{\frac{\|u'\|_{\mathrm{L}^p}}{\|u\|_{\mathrm{L}^q}} \;\vert\;
u \in \mathrm{W}^{1,p}(-1,1)\{0\}, u(-1) = u(1),\int _{-1}^1 u = 0\right\}.

On calcule explicitement αI, et on montre que pour

q ≦ 2p

,

\alpha_{\mathrm{I}}=\alpha_{\mathrm{II}}

, mais pour

q

suffisamment grand

\alpha_{\mathrm{II}}<\alpha_{\mathrm{I}}

.
Régularité de la solution d’un problème variationnel
Authors: Tahraoui R. 
Published: February 2017

Regularity of the solution of a variational problem
. − We give a regularity result for a variationnal problem, as a consequence, we obtain an existence result for a class of non convex optimization problems.

Résumé
Nous donnons un résultat de régularité pour un problème variationnel. Comme conséquence, nous obtenons un résultat d’existence pour une classe de problèmes en optimisation non convexe.
Un principe de concentration-compacité pour les suites de surfaces Riemanniennes
Authors: Troyanov M. 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study sequences of metrics on a compact surface

S

, with bounded area and curvature. We prove that, if the conformal structure of these metrics remains bounded, then either the sequence has a convergent subsequence or there exists a point at which a certain amount of positive curvature concentrates. This level of concentration is computed. (When the curvature is uniformely bounded, then this level is

2 π

.)

Résumé

Nous étudions dans cet article des suites de métriques à aire et courbure bornées sur une surface compacte

S

. Nous démontrons que, si la structure conforme reste bornée, alors ou bien il existe une sous-suite convergente, ou bien il existe un point où une certaine quantité positive de courbure se concentre. Ce niveau de concentration est calculé, (dans le cas où la courbure est bornée uniformément, ce niveau est

2π

).
PROBABILITY OF RECEIVING AN INDEMNITY PAYMENT FROM FEEDER CATTLE LIVESTOCK RISK PROTECTION INSURANCE
Authors: MERRITT MEAGAN G. , GRIFFITH ANDREW P. , BOYER CHRISTOPHER N. , LEWIS KAREN E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLivestock risk protection (LRP) insurance is a price risk management tool available to cattle producers; however, producers have been hesitant to adopt LRP. The objective of the study was to determine the monthly feeder cattle LRP contract coverage level and length maximizing the probability of the LRP net price being greater than the CME Feeder Cattle Index (CME FCI) price. The CME FCI prices were higher than the LRP net price for the majority of the contract lengths and coverage levels. Several coverage lengths and levels provided similar price protection, and there was no consistent preferred coverage length and level.
MHD Double Diffusive Natural Convection Flow Over Exponentially Accelerated Inclined Plate
Authors: Seth G. S. , Tripathi R. , Sharma R. , Chamkha A. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn investigation of unsteady MHD double diffusive natural convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, heat absorbing, radiating and chemically-reactive fluid past an exponentially accelerated moving inclined plate in a fluid-saturated porous medium, when the temperature of the plate and the concentration at the surface of the plate have ramped profiles, is carried out. Exact solutions for the fluid velocity, fluid temperature and the species concentration, under Boussinesq approximation, are obtained in closed form by the Laplace transform technique. The expressions for the shear stress, rate of heat transfer and the rate of mass transfer at the plate are also derived. Numerical evaluations of the fluid velocity, fluid temperature and the species concentration are performed and displayed graphically whereas those of the shear stress, rate of heat transfer and the rate of mass transfer at the plate are presented in tabular form for various values of the pertinent flow parameters.
Reduction of HbA1c levels by fucoxanthin-enriched akamoku oil possibly involves the thrifty allele of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1): a randomised controlled trial in normal-weight and obese Japanese adults
Authors: Mikami Nana , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo , Sohma Hitoshi , Ito Yoichi M. , Kokai Yasuo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLifestyle-related problems are becoming a major health threat in East Asian countries. Therefore, finding an efficacious nutraceutical for this population is important. One candidate is fucoxanthin (Fx), a carotenoid abundantly found in edible brown seaweed that has been associated with a number of valuable health-promoting benefits. Unfortunately, clinical studies of Fx are limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Fx on obesity-related parameters in Japanese subjects harbouring an SNP associated with lifestyle-related problems. In all, sixty normal-weight and obese Japanese adults with BMI over 22 kg/m2were single-blinded and randomly assigned to three Fx-dose cohorts and administered Fx-enriched akamoku oil containing Fx at 0, 1 or 2 mg/d for 8 weeks (n20 per group). Parameters relating to obesity and serum Fx metabolites were measured before and after intervention, but no significant differences were observed between and within the groups. Despite no changes in visceral fat areas and resting energy expenditures after intervention, we observed a significant decline in HbA1c levels in the 2 mg/d Fx group compared with that in the 0 mg/d group (P < 0·05), which was correlated with an increase in serum fucoxanthinol (Fx metabolite) levels. In addition, HbA1c levels declined more significantly in subjects with G/G alleles of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene than in those with the A/A and A/G alleles (P < 0·05). We conclude that although Fx supplementation does not affect visceral fat areas, it may reduce HbA1c levels in those harbouring the thrifty allele ofUCP1-3826A/G.
The Founding of the African Studies Association
Authors: Carter Gwendolen M. 
Published: February 2017

As the African Studies Association celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary, it is a good time to look back at the circumstances of its founding in 1957, and to acknowledge the key role played by the Carnegie Corporation and, in particular, by its President, Dr. Alan Pifer, in facilitating that event. For the Corporation, this was only one of a long series of constructive activities related to Africa, dating back to 1926. For American scholars concerned with that continent, the concept of an American African Studies Association was at first problematic, but in practice it has created new and fruitful opportunities for interaction with colleagues at home and abroad, stimulating the growth and maturity of African studies.Discussions by an ad hoc committee on the potentialities of an American scholarly body concerned with the study of Africa took place intermittently in Alan Pifer's office from 1955 on. The group involved in these discussions was composed at various times of William Brown, Gwendolen Carter, Gray Cowan, William Hance, Ruth Sloan, Franklin Frazier, and George Carpenter. Pifer felt strongly that there should be a scholarly association concerned with Africa that would be free of government influences such as inevitably were affecting the African-American Institute because of its almost complete dependence on government agencies for support. The ad hoc committee ultimately agreed that it would be appropriate to call a meeting of scholars concerned with Africa in order to decide whether or not there was substantial support for such an association.It was in the name of the ad hoc committee that the invitations went out to approximately thirty-six individuals from scholarly and other fields to attend what was called The African Studies Association Conference to be held at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York from March 22–24, 1957. The participants were selected with a view to geographical and disciplinary distribution as well as their reputation as Africanists. Their function was to decide whether or not an organization should be formed to promote the serious study of Africa. The cost of the conference was met by a discretionary grant of $6,500 from the Carnegie Corporation, but the management of the conference was left entirely in the hands of the conferees.
A Note on Government Sponsored African Programs at Boston University
Authors: Fletcher John L. 
Published: February 2017

The Boston University African Studies Program inaugurated a program for the United States Government in June 1959 when an orientation and training course for International Cooperation Administration (the predecessor of the Agency for International Development) career personnel to be assigned to African posts was undertaken. A special staff was appointed to administer the program under the direction of the Director of the African Studies Program. In 1961 the Development Research Center was formally established within the African Studies Program with responsibility for administering contract activities. John D. Montgomery, who was in charge of contract activities from 1960 to 1963, was succeeded as Director of the Development Research Center by John L. Fletcher, Jr., Professor of Government at Boston University. Other members of the Center's staff have included Edouard Bustin, Associate Research Professor of Government; Wilbert J. LeMelle, Assistant Research Professor of Government; John W. Sommer, Research Assistant; and Claudia W. Moyne, Research Associate. Regular staff members of the African Studies Program also participate in the work of the Development Research Center by delivering lectures and giving informal instruction.
During the period of the first contract, 140 career employees studied at Boston University. The program for the first group of employees included seven months of study, part of which was at Boston University and part in Europe and Africa. For the second group of employees, trained in 1960, a shorter period of study included work in Boston as well as a European phase at Oxford, London, Brussels, and Paris. For the third group there was a seven-week's program conducted entirely in Boston. Subsequent groups received four weeks of instruction in Boston. In addition to the lectures and published written materials, the course also included the study and discussion of special case studies in technical assistance and group exercises in the design and analysis of foreign aid programs for selected countries.
United States Economic Aid to Africa: I. A Background Paper
Authors: Black Lloyd D. 
Published: February 2017

This brief discussion of United States economic aid to Africa has been compiled as a factual summary rather than an analysis or critical evaluation of present programs. A general description of economic aid, and of the activities of the Agency for International Development, is followed by a more detailed note on a country program in operation, that in the Sudan.
Although not the largest single donor in Africa, the U.S. Government in fiscal 1962 and again in fiscal 1963 provided about $500 million in economic assistance to 34 African countries. Surplus food and fiber under the Food for Peace Program accounted for nearly half of this aid. In contrast, other Free World government sources provided about $1, 200 million, and the Sino-Soviet Bloc extended $200 to $250 million in credits. Thus, the U.S. contributed roughly one-fourth of Africa's $2 billion in annual external economic assistance from government sources. In addition important contributions were made by U.S. private foundations, religious organizations, and other nongovernment groups. U.S. direct investments in “AID Africa” rose to about $800 million in 1962 from about $100 million in 1950.
Colonialism and the African Liberation Committee
Authors: Kambona Oscar 
Published: February 2017

Each century has its dominant themes, which invest with particular significance all the varied events and situations which are chronicled as history. As “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité” dominated the eighteenth century, and slavery, abolition and emancipation agitated the nineteenth, so the liberation movement or decolonization is one of the outstanding phenomena of the twentieth century. Save for the great issues of communism versus capitalism, and the geopolitical and ethical considerations surrounding nuclear weapons and rocketry, no other issue has so captured men's imaginations and allegiance or wrought such dramatic transformation in the status and condition of peoples. The remarkable effect of this phenomenon can be demonstrated by reference to the continent of Africa alone, although the full significance and effect can be grasped only by appreciating similar transformations in Asia, in the Caribbean, and miscellaneous other places in the world.
For many decades prior to 1957, there had been only two independent states in the whole of Africa. The continent which had been the cradle of human civilization and enriched the cultures of many other distant lands and nations had seen its lights of freedom snuffed out one by one. My own country, in which the oldest surviving evidences of early human society exist, struggled valiantly but vainly to resist the tide of European imperialism which flowed irresistibly over Africa -- indeed over most of the world -- and was at its full flood during the latter half of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century. Only Ethiopia, with its proud dynasty tracing its lineage backward through two thousands of years, and Liberia -- a symbol of the brave efforts of the emancipation movement -- survived the blandishments and violence of the imperialist forces. Those forces had signified their ascendancy in the Berlin Treaty of 1885, and for another three-quarters of a century the eclipse of freedom in this part of the world justified its description as “the Dark Continent.”