bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first complete genome of Robbsia andropogonis reveals its arsenal of virulence system causing leaf spot disease of areca palm
Authors: Sun Jingyang , Li Yonglin , Zheng Li , Chen Daipeng , Zhou Xiaofan , Li Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobbsia andropogonis is one of the most destructive leaf spot disease pathogens of numerous host plants and causes heavy economic damage. In the present study, the complete genome of R. andropogonis strain BLB1, causing the leaf spot disease of areca palm, was generated using a hybrid method combining ONT PromethION long reads and BGISEQ-500 short reads. The resulting genome consists of seven replicons totaling 6,828,120 bp, and 5,808 genes were annotated, including 788 virulence-related genes. Function analysis showed that genes involved in metabolism were the most abundant group. Impressively, the bacteria were well-equipped with four, two, and four sets of type three, four, and six secretion systems, respectively, highlighting the virulence features of R. andropogonis BLB1. As the first complete genome sequence of the species of genus Robbsia, the BLB1 genome provides a solid foundation for investigation of mechanisms underlying the pathogen virulence and disease control, and will promote further discovery and characterization of the genus Robbsia.
Influence of the shock wave-turbulence interaction on the swirl distortion in hypersonic inlet
Authors: Wu Zhenlong , Li Yiqing , Lu Limei , Xu Xinyi , Liang Ranhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique to conduct an exhaustive analysis of the flow characteristics within the Rectangular-to-Elliptical shape Transition (REST) inlet under Mach 6 conditions. It mainly focuses on investigating the influence of the shock wave-turbulence interaction on the swirl distortion at the inlet exit. At the design condition, characterized by 0° Attack and 0° Sideslip, the incident shock wave at the inlet lip undergoes multiple reflections within the boundary layer of the domain wall, culminating in the formation of turbulent structures. The first reflected shock wave has the highest energy, exerting a significant impact on the boundary layer and the exit swirl distortion. On the contrary, the energy of the incident shock wave is progressively reduced due to repeated reflections, which results in reducing the exit swirl distortion. Under off-design conditions, characterized by 6° Attack and 0° Sideslip as well as 6° Attack with 6° Sideslip, variations in the incoming flow make the incident shock wave move inward, decreasing the frequency of shock wave reflections and even significantly reducing the reflected shock waves under conditions of 6° Attack and 6° Sideslip. However, this results in significantly increasing the exit swirl angle and distortion intensity. The obtained results demonstrate that changes in the incoming flow conditions significantly affect the level of exit swirl distortion by modulating the shock wave-turbulence interaction, especially in terms of the positioning of the incident shock wave and the quantity of reflected shock waves. In addition, this paper studies the wall heat transfer coefficient of the inlet. The obtained results show that the interaction between shock waves and the boundary layer significantly affects the heat transfer coefficient. This study provides a foundation for the comprehension and prediction of the performance of hypersonic inlets across a spectrum of flight conditions, and for the guidance of the design and optimization of such inlets.
Assessment of left atrial function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in cryptogenic stroke patients
Authors: Setouhi Amr , Abdelrahman Tarek Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Mohamed , Abdelwahab Mohamed Abdelkadir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Cryptogenic cerebrovascular stroke can be defined as an ischemic stroke that lacks a clear cause, even after a thorough evaluation. It should be distinguished from the embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), a subgroup that includes cardio-embolic sources. This study aims to assess left atrial function through two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to determine its potential association with cryptogenic stroke and its predictive value for subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF). Our prospective cohort study involved 62 patients with unexplained cerebrovascular stroke or TIA, regardless of gender. Following TEE assessments, 22 patients were excluded due to identified sources of cardio-embolism. The remaining 40 participants were clustered into Group I. Group II, consisted of 40 healthy individuals without significant medical history, served as a control group. Both groups underwent two-dimensional trans-thoracic echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography.

Results
LA dysfunction parameters exhibited significant differences between Group I and Group II. LV diastolic dysfunction, LAVI, LAEF, and LASr were notably affected in Group I. At the same time, LA diameter in the parasternal long-axis view (PLAX) displayed a significant difference with a p value of 0.001. Within Group I, 14 patients experienced AF episodes (Group Ia, 35%); while, the remaining 26 were categorized as Group Ib (65%). LV diastolic dysfunction displayed a p value < 0.011; while, LAVI, LAEF, and LASr exhibited considerable differences with p values < 0.0001. However, the LA diameter showed no significant variation between the two groups. LASr emerged as the most sensitive and specific parameter for predicting AF, with a cutoff point of ≤ 24.5% and a p value < 0.0001. LAEF showed a cutoff point of ≤ 40.5% and a p value of 0.011. Meanwhile, LAVI demonstrated the lowest sensitivity and specificity, with a mean cutoff point of ≥ 38.5 ml/m2 and a p value of 0.003.

Conclusions
2D-STE is crucial for assessing LA dysfunction as a potential cryptogenic stroke cause after TEE and ruling out cardio-embolism sources. LASr serves as a key LA cardiopathy indicator, even preceding AF. LASr independently poses an AF risk. While LAEF and LAVI are significant LA dysfunction parameters and AF predictors, they exhibit lower sensitivity and specificity than LASr.
The relationship between smartphone overuse, anxiety, and depression among middle school adolescents in the city of Kenitra, Morocco: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Meskini Nadia , Lamtai Mouloud , Chakit Miloud , El Aameri Mohammed , Sfendla Anis , Loukili Nabila , Ouahidi Moulay Laarbi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescents face various addiction issues, including excessive smartphone use, which significantly impacts their mental health, leading to anxiety and depression. This study aimed to analyze the impact of smartphone use on the mental health of middle school adolescents in the city of Kenitra, Morocco, focusing particularly on the prevalence of depression and anxiety and to identify the factors influencing these behaviors. The present cross-sectional study included a sample of 341 middle school adolescents from Kenitra city, Morocco. Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire covering various aspects, including sociodemographic information, smartphone addiction assessment using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and mental health assessment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics were performed, and Mann–Whitney U-test and chi-square test were both used for comparisons between the excessive and non-excessive group, respectively. A Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to evaluate associations of smartphone overuse with depression and anxiety.

Results
Among 341 participants, 37.4% demonstrated smartphone overuse. Males exhibited nonsignificantly higher scores on the SAS than females (p = 0.082). In addition, the mean psychological distress scores for the study participants were 7.62 ± 3.31 for anxiety and 7.75 ± 3.7 for depression. Males exhibited significantly lower scores on the HADS subscales in comparison with females (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the results of the study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between anxiety (r = 0.2441, p = 0.013) and depression (r = 0.4035, p < 0.0001) subscales of HADS and SAS.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that adolescent students exposed to smartphone overuse are vulnerable to mental disorders. The results will be useful in helping schools put in place efficient measures to prevent excessive use of smartphones.
Covid-19-related pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm managed with endovascular intervention
Authors: Yadav Rajnikant R. , Charan Bheru Dan , Shah Shariq Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a fatal complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 infections in the lungs. Other causative agent such as fungal and tubercular also responsible for this entity. Early detection and treatment can save a patient’s life.

Case presentation
Here we describe a case of a left pulmonary artery pseudo aneurysm in a 54-year-old patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with massive hemoptysis and which was treated with endovascular embolization.

Conclusion
It is caused by vasculopathy due to immunosuppression /immune dysregulation in COVID-19. Minimally invasive endovascular embolization of pseudoaneurysm carries less mortality and morbidity.
Dynamics of capital structure determinants: empirical evidence from GCC countries
Authors: Khan Shoaib , Akhtar Tahir , Qasem Ameen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study empirically examines the factors affecting the financing decisions of non-financial listed companies in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using static and dynamic two-step generalized method of moments techniques, it analyzes unbalanced panel data from 364 non-financial companies across six GCC countries from 2011 to 2021. The findings partially support optimal capital structure theories, highlighting significant internal factors such as profitability, market-to-book ratio, firm size, earnings volatility, and growth opportunities that influence financing decisions. While no single theory fully explains the financing choices, the association of internal factors with book and market leverage is consistent. The study provides robust and generalizable results, aiding financial institutions and policymakers in formulating pro-development policies and regulations. This research facilitates better coordination between corporate managers and financial institutions, supporting the region’s economic transition. It is the first study to use extensive data from GCC non-financial firms to investigate financing decisions, offering valuable insights for investors and a basis for further analysis of capital structure choices in the region and beyond.
Effect of crude ethanolic seed extract from Mucuna pruriens on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells
Authors: Chinnasamy Arulvasu , Jayaprakash Vennila , Padmanaban Deepakrajasekar , Sekar Niranjni , Valayapathi Rajasekar , Azhagudurai Aarthi , Ethiraj Sumathi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer is a prevalent form of malignancy among many common carcinoma cases globally. This study was designed to assess the anticancer potential of the crude ethanolic seed extract from Mucuna pruriens against the gastric cancer cell line (AGS). Various assays were employed to assess the anticancer properties, including examinations of cell viability, nuclear morphology, apoptosis using AO/EB staining, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, lactate dehydrogenase activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest.

Results
The crude extract exhibited significant anticancer activity against the human gastric cancer cell line (AGS), as determined by the MTT assay, with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 600 µg/mL at 24 h. Distinct cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed with different concentrations of crude ethanolic seed extract. The LDH release assay reveals cell death in AGS cells, as evidenced by a significant increase in the release of LDH enzyme. DNA fragmentation analysis and flow cytometry results indicate that the extract induces chromatin condensation, apoptotic cell death, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the AGS cancer cell line. These results highlight the potential therapeutic advantages of Mucuna pruriens seed extract against gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion
This study could pave the way for identifying diverse natural bioactive compounds sourced from Mucuna pruriens seed, leading to the development of novel drug with potential anticancer properties.
Level of disability in stroke survivors in the greater accra region of ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammed Tawagidu , Nyante Gifty Gyamah , Abdul-Rahman Mubarak , Mothabeng Diphale Joyce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Many stroke survivors in low- and middle-income countries such as Ghana live with various degrees of disabilities. Insight into the level of disability and its determinants in stroke survivors has become very important. This study aimed to assess disability and determinants in stroke survivors in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

Methods
One hundred and eight community-dwelling stroke survivors undergoing outpatient physiotherapy rehabilitation were sampled for the study. The World Health Organization disability assessment schedule (WHODAS) questionnaire was used to assess the level of disability in the participants. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered to help assess the determinants of disability. Association between sociodemographics and disability, and clinical characteristics and disability were determined using chi-square/Fisher’s exact test. p values less than 0.005 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Most of the study participants were reported to have moderate to severe disabilities in their bodily function. Age, gender, marital status, and employment status were found to be associated with the level of disability in stroke survivors.

Conclusion
Disability and its determinants in stroke need to be given much attention as disability affects the ability of stroke survivors to function independently.
Air Pollution and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Anna H. , Wu Jun , Tseng Chiuchen , Stram Daniel O. , Shariff-Marco Salma , Larson Timothy , Goldberg Deborah , Fruin Scott , Jiao Anqi , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Ihenacho Ugonna , Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne , Haiman Christopher , Ritz Beate , Cheng Iona 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

Recent studies suggested fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) exposure increases the risk of breast cancer, but evidence among racially and ethnically diverse populations remains sparse.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Among 58,358 California female participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study followed for an average of 19.3 years (1993-2018), we used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine associations of time-varying PM with invasive breast cancer risk (n = 3,524 cases; 70% African American and Latino females), adjusting for sociodemographics and lifestyle factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted for race and ethnicity, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer risk factors.

RESULTS

Satellite-based PM
2.5
was associated with a statistically significant increased incidence of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 μg/m
3
, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.51]). We found no evidence of heterogeneity in associations by race and ethnicity and hormone receptor status. Family history of breast cancer showed evidence of heterogeneity in PM
2.5
-associations (
P
heterogeneity
= .046). In a meta-analysis of the MEC and 10 other prospective cohorts, breast cancer incidence increased in association with exposure to PM
2.5
(HR per 10 μg/m
3
increase, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.10];
P
= .064).

CONCLUSION

Findings from this large multiethnic cohort with long-term air pollutant exposure and published prospective cohort studies support PM
2.5
as a risk factor for breast cancer. As about half of breast cancer cannot be explained by established breast cancer risk factors and incidence is continuing to increase, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, our results highlight that breast cancer prevention should include not only individual-level behavior-centered approaches but also population-wide policies and regulations to curb PM
2.5
exposure.
A Multicenter Open-Label Randomized Phase II Study of Osimertinib With and Without Ramucirumab in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Naïve
EGFR
-Mutant Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (RAMOSE trial)
Authors: Le Xiuning , Patel Jyoti D. , Shum Elaine , Baik Christina , Sanborn Rachel E. , Shu Catherine A. , Kim Chul , Fidler Mary Jo , Hall Richard , Elamin Yasir Y. , Tu Janet , Blumenschein George , Zhang Jianjun , Gibbons Don , Gay Carl , Mohindra Nisha A. , Chae Young , Boumber Yanis , Sabari Joshua , Santana-Davila Rafael , Rogosin Shane , Herzberg Benjamin , Creelan Ben , Pellini Bruna , Tanvetyanon Tawee , Heeke Simon , Hernandez Mike , Gray Jhanelle E. , Saltos Andreas , Heymach John V. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Preclinical studies demonstrated that dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways delay the emergence of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and in trials with first-generation EGFR TKIs, the combination of EGFR VEGF pathway inhibitors prolonged progression-free survival (PFS).

METHODS

The RAMOSE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03909334
, HCRN LUN-18-335) is a randomized, open-label multicenter phase II study comparing osimertinib with ramucirumab (arm A) to osimertinib (arm B) for initial treatment of metastatic
EGFR
-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with 2:1 random assignment. The primary end point is PFS for evaluable patients; secondary end points include objective response rates (ORRs), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival, and safety. The stratification criteria were
EGFR
mutation type and the presence of CNS metastasis.

RESULTS

At data cutoff on August 29, 2023, 160 patients consented, 147 patients received treatment, and 139 patients were evaluable with at least one scan. In this preplanned interim analysis, the median follow-up was 16.6 months. Among the evaluable patients, 57 PFS events occurred. The median PFS was 24.8 (A) versus 15.6 (B) months (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.93]; log-rank
P
= .023), 12-month PFS rate was 76.7% (A) versus 61.9% (B;
P
= .026). No significant difference was observed in the ORRs and DCRs between arms. Any-grade (G) adverse events (AEs) occurred in 100% (A) and 98% (B) of patients, with no G5 treatment-related AE (TRAE), one G4 TRAE (hyponatremia, A), and 53% (A) versus 41% (B) G3 TRAEs. AE-related discontinuation occurred in 13 patients (9.7% in A and 8.7% in B). The safety profile was in line with known safety of each drug.

CONCLUSION

Ramucirumab plus osimertinib significantly prolonged PFS compared with osimertinib alone in patients with TKI-naïve
EGFR
-mutant NSCLC. The combination is safe and well tolerated.
Vanilla inflation predicts negative running
Authors: Martin Jérôme , Ringeval Christophe , Vennin Vincent 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that the simplest, and currently favoured, theoretical realizations of cosmic inflation yield a sharp prediction for the running of the spectral index

. Using latest cosmological data, we compute its marginalized posterior probability distribution over the space of nearly 300 models of single-field slow-roll inflation. The most probable value is

, lying within the

credible interval

. Within the landscape of all the proposed slow-roll inflationary models, positive values for the running are therefore disfavoured at more than three-sigma.
Systematic Analysis and Network Mapping of Disease Associations in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
Authors: Pham-Dobor Greta , Kaltenecker Peter , Temesfoi Viktoria , Bajnok Laszlo , Nemes Orsolya , Bodis Beata , Mezosi Emese 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of our work was to provide a data-driven perspective to autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS), a complex autoimmune disorder, supplementing traditional clinical observations.

Methods
Medical records of 7559 patients were analyzed, and autoimmune origin was proved in 3180 cases of which 380 (12%) had APS. Associations of component disorders were investigated by computational methods to reveal typical patterns of disease development.

Results
Twenty-eight distinct autoimmune disorders were diagnosed forming 113 combinations. The 10 most frequent combinations were responsible for 51.3% of cases. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) were differentiated as the main cornerstones of APS, sharing several comorbidities. HT was the most common manifestation (67.4%), followed by GD (26.8%) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) (20.8%). APS started significantly earlier in men than in women. Thyroid autoimmunity was frequently linked to gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations, and these patterns of associations substantially differed from that of T1D, Addison’s disease, or coeliac disease when present as first manifestations, suggesting the possibility of a common biological cause.

Conclusion
APS is more frequent than reported. Classifying APS requires a shift of perspective toward disease associations rather than disorder prevalence.
Acute Implantation of a Bioresorbable Polymer Scaffold in Patients With Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial (INSPIRE 2.0)
Authors: Harrop James S. , Kim Kee D. , Okonkwo David O. , Goldstein Ira M. , Lee K. Stuart , Toselli Richard M. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating condition with no proven effective treatment options available. In a prior single-arm study of patients with thoracic complete SCI (INSPIRE; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02138110), acute implantation of an investigational bioresorbable polymer scaffold (Neuro-Spinal Scaffold [NSS]) appeared to be safe through 24 months postimplantation and was associated with an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) conversion rate that exceeded historical controls. Here, we evaluated whether NSS implantation demonstrates probable benefit for safety and neurological recovery in patients with thoracic complete SCI vs standard-of-care spine surgery.

METHODS:
INSPIRE 2.0 was a randomized, controlled, parallel, multicenter study conducted at Level I trauma centers in the United States (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03762655; funded by InVivo Therapeutics Corporation). Patients with AIS grade A, thoracic (T2-T12), nonpenetrating SCI requiring spine surgery ≤7 days postinjury were randomized (1:1, computer-generated allocation) to undergo NSS implantation or spine surgery alone (control group). Patients and follow-up International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI assessors were blinded. A predefined study success criterion required the proportion of patients with improvement of ≥1 AIS grade at 6 months postsurgery (primary endpoint) to be ≥20% higher in the NSS group than in the control group.

RESULTS:
Target enrollment was reached (N = 20) with 10 patients randomized and analyzed in each group. At 6 months postsurgery, an improvement in the AIS grade was reported in 2 NSS patients (20%; both to AIS C) and 3 control group patients (30%; to AIS B [n = 2] or AIS C [n = 1]). No serious or unanticipated adverse device effects were reported. The study was closed to further follow-up because of not meeting its primary endpoint.

CONCLUSION:
In this small group of patients with thoracic complete (AIS A) SCI, implantation of an intraparenchymal bioresorbable scaffold did not produce probable clinical benefit. However, this study provides evidence that surgical intervention in an injured spinal cord parenchyma may be performed safely.