bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element modelling of lamb waves propagation in 2D plates and thin sheets for damage detection
Authors: Nirbhay M. , Dixit A. , Misra R.K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStructural health monitoring is an evolving technology applied to identify, locate and quantify severity of damages in structures before failure. Lamb waves have become a keen interest for inspection since they can be used to monitor a large area from one single location. The objective of this research is to simulate lamb wave response using finite element method and its application to crack detection and identification in thin metallic engineering structures. Two types of specimen i. e. two‐dimensional aluminium plate and thin aluminium sheets are simulated using commercially available finite element package ABAQUS. Initially phase velocity and group velocity dispersion curve are plotted for aluminium material. Thereafter simulation of individual specimens with cracks and without cracks is performed. Simulation results were compared and validated with actual results and were found to be in reasonably good agreement. This is certainly done by employing group velocity and time of flight for the distance travelled between the monitoring point and crack position. Assessment of lamb waves sensitivity to various sizes and shapes of cracks like rectangular and circular are also investigated and its effect on the structure is discussed in detail.
Digital modelling of the galvanic corrosion behaviour of a self–piercing riveted AZ31 ‐ AA5083 hybrid joint
Authors: Silva E. L. , Höche D. , Bouali A. C. , Serdechnova M. , Sesenes R. L. , Scholz C. S. , Zheludkevich M. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on the corrosion phenomena occurring between aluminium AA5083 and AZ31 magnesium sheets, joined with a coated steel self‐piercing rivet, by punch rivet technology. These assemblies were studied by immersion tests and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) in sodium chloride solutions, in order to evaluate the effects of joint geometry on corrosion resistance. The observed results were also used for validation of transient finite element method (FEM) simulations. A fully coupled continuum model was used to compute the evolution of electrochemically and chemically induced corrosion attack, formation of corrosion products and their influence on the overall system kinetics. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the corrosion products provided evidence for the formation of layered double hydroxides (LDH), which is in accordance with the model outputs. The current study targets the optimization of joint setup for corrosion resistance. The suitability of corrosion simulation for the AZ31‐AA5083‐Almac ternary galvanic system is shown alongside. The developed modelling approach represents a step forward in terms of digital service‐life assessment of multi‐material joints.
Thermal cycling and isothermal oxidation behavior of quadruple EB‐PVD thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kalscheuer C. , Yildirim B. , Welters M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIncrease of energy efficiency by increasing the turbine inlet temperature is the main driving force for further investigations regarding new thermal barrier coating materials. Today, thermal barrier coatings consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia are state of the art. In this study, thermal barrier coatings consisting of 7 weight percent yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) and pyrochlore lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) were deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition. Regarding thermal cycling and isothermal oxidation behavior different layer architectures such as mono‐, double‐ and quadruple ceramic layers were investigated. The thermal shock behavior was examined by thermocycle tests at temperatures in the range between T = 50 °C ‐1,150 °C. Additionally, the isothermal oxidation behavior at a temperature of T = 1,150 °C with dwell times of t= 50 h and t = 100 h was studied in the present work. The conducted research concerning the behavior of various thermal barrier coating systems under thermal cycle and isothermal load highlights the potential of multilayer thermal barrier coatings for operating in high temperature areas.
Randschichteigenspannungen durch mechanisches Schleifen bei hochfesten Federstählen
Authors: Thomisch M. , Kalhöfer E. , Kley M. , Schmid H. , Savsek O. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEin häufiger Vertreter für ölschlussvergütete Federstähle ist der Werkstoff 54SiCr6 (1.7102). Um eine möglichst große Anlagefläche der daraus gefertigten Federn an die angrenzende Auflagefläche zu erreichen, werden die Federenden mechanisch plan geschliffen. Durch alle Bearbeitungsprozesse (Winden, Schleifen und Kugel‐ strahlen) werden die teileweise bereits vorhandenen Eigenspannungen durch zusätzlich eingebrachte Zug‐ oder Druckeigenspannungen beeinflusst und in Betrag und ggf. ihrer Richtung verändert. Die Kenntnis dieser resultierenden Eigenspannung ist bereits in der Entwurfsphase der Feder von Bedeutung, da diese mit den auftretenden Betriebsbelastungen überlagert werden müssen. Das Schleifen an sich hat einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Höhe der Eigenspannungen im Bauteil. Bezüglich der Gestaltung des Schleifprozesses sind die Höhe und die Richtung der Eigenspannungen stark von der Wahl der Schleifparameter abhängig. So lässt sich bestätigen, dass Schleifvorgänge mit dominierendem thermischem Einfluss tendenziell zu Zugspannungen führen; dominierende mechanische Einflüsse spiegeln sich in Druckspannungen wieder. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Eigenspannungen sowohl von der Zustellung je Hub, der wahlweisen Zustellung im Gleich‐ oder Gegenlauf und dem optionalen Einsatz von Kühlschmierstoff, abhängen. Aussagen zur Überlagerung der Eigenspannungen durch Schleifen mit den Eigenspannungen durch Umformen und Kugelstrahlen sind pauschal nicht möglich.
Ensemble Architecture for Prediction of Enzyme‐ligand Binding Residues Using Evolutionary Information
Authors: Pai Priyadarshini P. , Dattatreya Rohit Kadam , Mondal Sukanta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnzyme interactions with ligands are crucial for various biochemical reactions governing life. Over many years attempts to identify these residues for biotechnological manipulations have been made using experimental and computational techniques. The computational approaches have gathered impetus with the accruing availability of sequence and structure information, broadly classified into template‐based and de novo methods. One of the predominant de novo methods using sequence information involves application of biological properties for supervised machine learning. Here, we propose a support vector machines‐based ensemble for prediction of protein‐ligand interacting residues using one of the most important discriminative contributing properties in the interacting residue neighbourhood, i. e., evolutionary information in the form of position‐specific‐ scoring matrix (PSSM). The study has been performed on a non‐redundant dataset comprising of 9269 interacting and 91773 non‐interacting residues for prediction model generation and further evaluation. Of the various PSSM‐based models explored, the proposed method named ROBBY (pRediction Of Biologically relevant small molecule Binding residues on enzYmes) shows an accuracy of 84.0 %, Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.343 and F‐measure of 39.0 % on 78 test enzymes. Further, scope of adding domain knowledge such as pocket information has also been investigated; results showed significant enhancement in method precision. Findings are hoped to boost the reliability of small‐molecule ligand interaction prediction for enzyme applications and drug design.
Impact of prior distributions and central tendency measures on Bayesian intravoxel incoherent motion model fitting
Authors: Gustafsson Oscar , Montelius Mikael , Starck Göran , Ljungberg Maria 
Published: June 2017

PurposeBayesian model fitting has been proposed as a robust alternative for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model‐fitting parameter estimation. However, consensus regarding choice of prior distribution and posterior distribution central tendency measure is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of IVIM parameter estimates produced by different prior distributions and central tendency measures, and to gain knowledge about the effect of these choices.MethodsThree prior distributions (uniform, reciprocal, and lognormal) and two measures of central tendency (mean and mode) found in the literature were studied using simulations and in vivo data from a tumor mouse model.ResultsSimulations showed that the uniform and lognormal priors were superior to the reciprocal prior, especially for the parameters D and f and clinically relevant SNR levels. The choice of central tendency measure had less effect on the results, but had some effects on estimation bias. Results based on simulations and in vivo data agreed well, indicating high validity of the simulations.ConclusionsChoice of prior distribution and central tendency measure affects the results of Bayesian IVIM parameter estimates. This must be considered when comparing results from different studies. The best overall quality of IVIM parameter estimates was obtained using the lognormal prior. Magn Reson Med 79:1674–1683, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Paid domestic work, globalization, and informality
Authors: Guarnizo Luis Eduardo , Rodriguez Guadalupe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the local demand for, and the level of informality of, domestic help in the Sacramento metropolitan area of California. It departs from the prevalent analytical approach that looks at domestic work from the supply side (i.e., the workers' perspective), and instead examines it from the demand side (i.e., the employers' perspective). Using a quantitative analytical strategy, it looks at the employer–employee relationship as embedded in specific social and economic conditions, including the sociodemographic characteristics of the household and its head, and structured by the different types of the housework workers are hired to perform.We present four main findings. First, a sizable, domestic‐work market of global scale exists in the Sacramento metropolitan area; almost three fourths of the hired domestic workers are immigrants coming from three continents. Second, although almost half of the households sampled face a care deficit, only one third of them actually hire domestic help. Third, what determines the likelihood of hiring domestic help is not the presence of a household care deficit but the configuration of the household and its class position. Fourth and finally, informality of domestic work is gendered and varies proportionally to the level of intimacy of the task performed: the more intimate the task, the more feminine it is perceived of to be, the higher the level of informality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autonomous car driving by a humanoid robot
Authors: Paolillo Antonio , Gergondet Pierre , Cherubini Andrea , Vendittelli Marilena , Kheddar Abderrahmane 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnabling a humanoid robot to drive a car requires the development of a set of basic primitive actions. These include walking to the vehicle, manually controlling its commands (e.g., ignition, gas pedal, and steering) and moving with the whole body to ingress/egress the car. We present a sensor‐based reactive framework for realizing the central part of the complete task, consisting of driving the car along unknown roads. The proposed framework provides three driving strategies by which a human supervisor can teleoperate the car or give the robot full or partial control of the car. A visual servoing scheme uses features of the road image to provide the reference angle for the steering wheel to drive the car at the center of the road. Simultaneously, a Kalman filter merges optical flow and accelerometer measurements to estimate the car linear velocity and correspondingly compute the gas pedal command for driving at a desired speed. The steering wheel and gas pedal reference are sent to the robot control to achieve the driving task with the humanoid. We present results from a driving experience with a real car and the humanoid robot HRP‐2Kai. Part of the framework has been used to perform the driving task at the DARPA Robotics Challenge.
Non-Coding Transcripts from Enhancers: New Insights into Enhancer Activity and Gene Expression Regulation
Authors: Chen Hongjun , Du Guangshi , Song Xu , Li Ling 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest in the past decade owing to their enormous amount and surprising functions implicated in a variety of biological processes. Some lncRNAs exert function as enhancers, i.e., activating gene transcription by serving as the cis-regulatory molecules. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that many enhancer elements can be transcribed and produce RNA molecules, which are termed as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). The eRNAs are not merely the by-product of the enhancer transcription. In fact, many of them directly exert or regulate enhancer activity in gene activation through diverse mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of enhancer activity, transcription of enhancer itself, characteristics of eRNAs, as well as their roles in regulating enhancer activity and gene expression.
TRANSPORT PARALLÈLE ET CORRESPONDANCE DE SIMPSON -ADIQUE
Authors: XU DAXIN 
Published: June 2017

Deninger et Werner ont développé un analogue pour les courbes$p$-adiques de la correspondance classique de Narasimhan et Seshadri entre les fibrés vectoriels stables de degré$0$et les représentations unitaires du groupe fondamental topologique pour une courbe complexe propre et lisse. Par transport parallèle, ils ont associé fonctoriellement à chaque fibré vectoriel sur une courbe$p$-adique, dont la réduction est fortement semi-stable de degré$0$, une représentation$p$-adique du groupe fondamental de la courbe. Ils se sont posé quelques questions : leur foncteur est-il pleinement fidèle ? La cohomologie des systèmes locaux fournis par celui-ci admet-elle une filtration de Hodge-Tate ? Leur construction est-elle compatible avec la correspondance de Simpson$p$-adique développée par Faltings ? Nous répondons à ces questions dans cet article.
REVERSE MATHEMATICS, YOUNG DIAGRAMS, AND THE ASCENDING CHAIN CONDITION
Authors: HATZIKIRIAKOU KOSTAS , SIMPSON STEPHEN G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLetSbe the group of finitely supported permutations of a countably infinite set. Let$K[S]$be the group algebra ofSover a fieldKof characteristic 0. According to a theorem of Formanek and Lawrence,$K[S]$satisfies the ascending chain condition for two-sided ideals. We study the reverse mathematics of this theorem, proving its equivalence over$RC{A_0}$(or even over$RCA_0^{\rm{*}}$) to the statement that${\omega ^\omega }$is well ordered. Our equivalence proof proceeds via the statement that the Young diagrams form a well partial ordering.
RESOLVING INFINITARY PARADOXES
Authors: WALICKI MICHAŁ 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGraph normal form, GNF, [1], was used in [2, 3] for analyzing paradoxes in propositional discourses, with the semantics—equivalent to the classical one—defined by kernels of digraphs. The paper presents infinitary, resolution-based reasoning with GNF theories, which is refutationally complete for the classical semantics. Used for direct (not refutational) deduction it is not explosive and allows to identify in an inconsistent discourse, a maximal consistent subdiscourse with its classical consequences. Semikernels, generalizing kernels, provide the semantic interpretation.
Iron deficiency without anaemia is a potential cause of fatigue: meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cross-sectional studies
Authors: Yokoi Katsuhiko , Konomi Aki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFe deficiency is a prevalent nutritional disease, and fatigue is a common complaint in the general and patient population. The association between Fe deficiency without anaemia (IDNA) and fatigue is unclear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Fe on fatigue in patients with IDNA and the association between IDNA and fatigue in the population. Articles from the PubMed database up to 19 January 2016 were systematically searched. A total of six relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT) and six relevant cross-sectional studies were identified. All outcomes were converted into effect sizes. In the meta-analysis of the six RCT, we identified a significant therapeutic effect of Fe in fatigue patients with IDNA (pooled effect size 0·33; 95 % CI 0·17, 0·48;I2=0·0 %;P<0·0001). A sensitivity analysis found that the overall results (i.e. significant association) were robust. In the meta-analysis of the six cross-sectional studies, the association between IDNA and fatigue was not significant (pooled effect size 0·10; 95 % CI −0·11, 0·31;I2=57·4 %;P=0·362). A sensitivity analysis found that the overall results (i.e. no significant association) were not robust; removal of one study made the outcomes significant. These meta-analyses suggest that improving Fe status may decrease fatigue. Further research is necessary to identify diagnostic criteria for selecting fatigue patients who might benefit from Fe therapy and to assess the prevalence of IDNA with fatigue in the general population.
Auditory verbal hallucinations are related to cortical thinning in the left middle temporal gyrus of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Cui Y. , Liu B. , Song M. , Lipnicki D. M. , Li J. , Xie S. , Chen Y. , Li P. , Lu L. , Lv L. , Wang H. , Yan H. , Yan J. , Zhang H. , Zhang D. , Jiang T. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are one of the most common and severe symptoms of schizophrenia, but the neuroanatomical abnormalities underlying AVHs are not well understood. The present study aims to investigate whether AVHs are associated with cortical thinning.MethodsParticipants were schizophrenia patients from four centers across China, 115 with AVHs and 93 without AVHs, as well as 261 healthy controls. All received 3 T T1-weighted brain scans, and whole brain vertex-wise cortical thickness was compared across groups. Correlations between AVH severity and cortical thickness were also determined.ResultsThe left middle part of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) was significantly thinner in schizophrenia patients with AVHs than in patients without AVHs and healthy controls. Inferences were made using a false discovery rate approach with a threshold at p < 0.05. Left MTG thickness did not differ between patients without AVHs and controls. These results were replicated by a meta-analysis showing them to be consistent across the four centers. Cortical thickness of the left MTG was also found to be inversely correlated with hallucination severity across all schizophrenia patients.ConclusionThe results of this multi-center study suggest that an abnormally thin left MTG could be involved in the pathogenesis of AVHs in schizophrenia.
Abortion and subsequent depressive symptoms: an analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
Authors: Gomez A. M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundTwenty states currently require that women seeking abortion be counseled on possible psychological responses, with six states stressing negative responses. The majority of research finds that women whose unwanted pregnancies end in abortion do not subsequently have adverse mental health outcomes; scant research examines this relationship for young women.MethodsFour waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed. Population-averaged lagged logistic and linear regression models were employed to test the relationship between pregnancy resolution outcome and subsequent depressive symptoms, adjusting for prior depressive symptoms, history of traumatic experiences, and sociodemographic covariates. Depressive symptoms were measured using a nine-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Analyses were conducted among two subsamples of women whose unwanted first pregnancies were resolved in either abortion or live birth: (1) 856 women with an unwanted first pregnancy between Waves 2 and 3; and (2) 438 women with an unwanted first pregnancy between Waves 3 and 4 (unweighted n’s).ResultsIn unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses for both subsamples, there was no association between having an abortion after an unwanted first pregnancy and subsequent depressive symptoms. In fully adjusted models, the most recent measure of prior depressive symptoms was consistently associated with subsequent depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn a nationally representative, longitudinal dataset, there was no evidence that young women who had abortions were at increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms compared with those who give birth after an unwanted first pregnancy.
‘My laptop is an extension of my memory and self’: Post-Internet identity, virtual intimacy and digital queering in online popular music
Authors: Waugh Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article studies the ways that Post-Internet ideas inform much contemporary musical production. Drawing on interviews conducted with musicians/artists self-consciously highlighting Post-Internet themes in their work, including Arca, Ryan Trecartin, 18+, Holly Herndon and ADR, the paper emphasises the significance of the term ‘Post-Internet’ for contemporary identity politics. It outlines the Post-Internet ideas of Karen Archey, Robin Peckham and Nathan Jurgenson, illuminating their indebtedness to posthuman discourses through a study of the music of Holly Herndon. It then introduces the notion of ‘digital queering’, a trend located in the work of many Post-Internet musicians. Mykki Blanco, 18+, Arca and Ryan Trecartin fuse the posthumanism of Post-Internet identity with the fluid gender deconstructions of queer theory. This is inspired by the ability to perform multiple ‘selves’ online as well as the intimate relationship with digital networks that is a consequence of Post-Internet ideas.
Iran's daughter and mother Iran: Googoosh and diasporic nostalgia for the Pahlavi modern
Authors: Hemmasi Farzaneh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article examines Googoosh, the reigning diva of Persian popular music, through an evaluation of diasporic Iranian discourse and artistic productions linking the vocalist to a feminized nation, its ‘victimisation’ in the revolution, and an attendant ‘nostalgia for the modern’ (Özyürek 2006) of pre-revolutionary Iran. Following analyses of diasporic media that project national drama and desire onto her persona, I then demonstrate how, since her departure from Iran in 2000, Googoosh has embraced her national metaphorization and produced new works that build on historical tropes linking nation, the erotic, and motherhood while capitalising on the nostalgia that surrounds her.
PRODUCTION AND COMPREHENSION IN PROCESSABILITY THEORY
Authors: Spinner Patti , Jung Sehoon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether processability theory (PT; Pienemann, 1998, 2005) accounts for the emergence of grammatical forms and structures in comprehension. Sixty-one learners of English participated in oral interviews that elicited a variety of structures relevant to PT. Learners were divided into two groups: those who produced these structures productively in speech (high level) and those who did not (low level). These groups then read grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with PT structures in a self-paced reading task. Based on Pienemann (1998), PT predicts that the high-level group should perform similarly to native speakers. However, only the native speaker control group demonstrated sensitivity to ungrammaticalities. There was evidence that learners might have acquired lower-stage structures in an implicational order in comprehension, but it was quite mixed. These results have implications for PT and for models of the L2 linguistic system that include both production and comprehension.