bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Parabolic Microphone to Detect Hidden Subjects in Search and Rescue
Authors: Bowditch Nathaniel L. , Searing Stanley K. , Thomas Jeffrey A. , Thompson Peggy K. , Tubis Jacqueline N. , Bowditch Sylvia P. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction This study compares a parabolic microphone to unaided hearing in detecting and comprehending hidden callers at ranges of 322 to 2510 m. Methods Eight subjects were placed 322 to 2510 m away from a central listening point. The subjects were concealed, and their calling volume was calibrated. In random order, subjects were asked to call the name of a state for 5 minutes. Listeners with parabolic microphones and others with unaided hearing recorded the direction of the call (detection) and name of the state (comprehension). Results The parabolic microphone was superior to unaided hearing in both detecting subjects and comprehending their calls, with an effect size (Cohen’s d) of 1.58 for detection and 1.55 for comprehension. For each of the 8 hidden subjects, there were 24 detection attempts with the parabolic microphone and 54 to 60 attempts by unaided listeners. At the longer distances (1529–2510 m), the parabolic microphone was better at detecting callers (83% vs 51%; P<0.00001 by χ2) and comprehension (57% vs 12%; P<0.00001). At the shorter distances (322–1190 m), the parabolic microphone offered advantages in detection (100% vs 83%; P=0.000023) and comprehension (86% vs 51%; P<0.00001), although not as pronounced as at the longer distances. Conclusions Use of a 66-cm (26-inch) parabolic microphone significantly improved detection and comprehension of hidden calling subjects at distances between 322 and 2510 m when compared with unaided hearing. This study supports the use of a parabolic microphone in search and rescue to locate responsive subjects in favorable weather and terrain.
Habitual dietary fibre intake influences gut microbiota response to an inulin-type fructan prebiotic: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, human intervention study
Authors: Healey Genelle , Murphy Rinki , Butts Christine , Brough Louise , Whelan Kevin , Coad Jane 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDysbiotic gut microbiota have been implicated in human disease. Diet-based therapeutic strategies have been used to manipulate the gut microbiota towards a more favourable profile. However, it has been demonstrated that large inter-individual variability exists in gut microbiota response to a dietary intervention. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether habitually low dietary fibre (LDF)v. high dietary fibre (HDF) intakes influence gut microbiota response to an inulin-type fructan prebiotic. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, thirty-four healthy participants were classified as LDF or HDF consumers. Gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing) and SCFA concentrations were assessed following 3 weeks of daily prebiotic supplementation (Orafti®Synergy 1; 16 g/d) or placebo (Glucidex®29 Premium; 16 g/d), as well as after 3 weeks of the alternative intervention, following a 3-week washout period. In the LDF group, the prebiotic intervention led to an increase inBifidobacterium(P=0·001). In the HDF group, the prebiotic intervention led to an increase inBifidobacterium(P<0·001) andFaecalibacterium(P=0·010) and decreases inCoprococcus(P=0·010), Dorea(P=0·043) andRuminococcus(Lachnospiraceae family) (P=0·032). This study demonstrates that those with HDF intakes have a greater gut microbiota response and are therefore more likely to benefit from an inulin-type fructan prebiotic than those with LDF intakes. Future studies aiming to modulate the gut microbiota and improve host health, using an inulin-type fructan prebiotic, should take habitual dietary fibre intake into account.
The God Came to Me in a Dream: Epiphanies in Voluntary Associations as a Context for Paul's Vision of Christ
Authors: Rollens Sarah E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMuch of the written evidence for Greco-Roman associations provides information about meeting frequency, group activities, venues for gathering, and membership requirements. At the same time, many inscriptions and papyri also contain short narratives that directly contribute to the common identity of the association. These narrative elements often take the form of a vision, a dream, or an oracle that a patron receives that encourages him or her to found the association or direct its practices in some way. I suggest in this article that many of Paul's audiences would have received his story about encountering the risen Christ as rather commonplace given the frequency of these similar claims among voluntary associations. In other words, the article explores how Paul's (mainly non-Judean) audiences would have slotted his claims into their cultural repertoire of ideas, especially if they considered his Christ group to be just like the many other associations with which they were already familiar. Association inscriptions offer an important collection of examples that can be analyzed alongside Paul's claim to have seen the risen Christ.
Regular and Agency Workers: Attitudes and Resistance in Chinese Auto Joint Ventures
Authors: Chen Yiu Por (Vincent) , Chan Anita 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on agency workers in China's auto industry. Some scholars foresee that this new category of workers, particularly in the auto industry, will play a leading role in global labour resistance. In this context, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 483 regular and agency workers at five major auto joint ventures in China and compared their work conditions, job satisfaction and willingness to take collective actions. Based on these findings, we argue that these companies have good reasons to keep the gap in wages and in work conditions small. This, along with management practices inherited from the Maoist system, can mitigate workers' dissatisfaction and reduce their tendency to take militant actions.
Lamin A/C augments Th1 differentiation and response against vaccinia virus and Leishmania major
Authors: Toribio-Fernández Raquel , Zorita Virginia , Rocha-Perugini Vera , Iborra Salvador , Martínez del Hoyo Gloria , Chevre Raphael , Dorado Beatriz , Sancho David , Sanchez-Madrid Francisco , Andrés Vicente , Gonzalez-Granado Jose-Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDifferentiation of naive CD4+ T-cells into functionally distinct T helper (Th) subsets is critical to immunity against pathogen infection. Little is known about the role of signals emanating from the nuclear envelope for T-cell differentiation. The nuclear envelope protein lamin A/C is induced in naive CD4+ T-cells upon antigen recognition and acts as a link between the nucleus and the plasma membrane during T-cell activation. Here we demonstrate that the absence of lamin A/C in naive T-cell reduces Th1 differentiation without affecting Th2 differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Rag1
−/−
mice reconstituted with Lmna
−/−
CD4+CD25
−
T-cells and infected with vaccinia virus show weaker Th1 responses and viral removal than mice reconstituted with wild-type T-cells. Th1 responses and pathogen clearance upon Leishmania major infection were similarly diminished in mice lacking lamin A/C in the complete immune system or selectively in T-cells. Lamin A/C mediates Th1 polarization by a mechanism involving T-bet and IFNγ production. Our results reveal a novel role for lamin A/C as key regulator of Th1 differentiation in response to viral and intracellular parasite infections.
Quantum engine efficiency bound beyond the second law of thermodynamics
Authors: Niedenzu Wolfgang , Mukherjee Victor , Ghosh Arnab , Kofman Abraham G. , Kurizki Gershon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccording to the second law, the efficiency of cyclic heat engines is limited by the Carnot bound that is attained by engines that operate between two thermal baths under the reversibility condition whereby the total entropy does not increase. Quantum engines operating between a thermal and a squeezed-thermal bath have been shown to surpass this bound. Yet, their maximum efficiency cannot be determined by the reversibility condition, which may yield an unachievable efficiency bound above unity. Here we identify the fraction of the exchanged energy between a quantum system and a bath that necessarily causes an entropy change and derive an inequality for this change. This inequality reveals an efficiency bound for quantum engines energised by a non-thermal bath. This bound does not imply reversibility, unless the two baths are thermal. It cannot be solely deduced from the laws of thermodynamics.
A versatile MOF-based trap for heavy metal ion capture and dispersion
Authors: Peng Yaguang , Huang Hongliang , Zhang Yuxi , Kang Chufan , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Liu Dahuan , Zhong Chongli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCurrent technologies for removing heavy metal ions are typically metal ion specific. Herein we report the development of a broad-spectrum heavy metal ion trap by incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into a robust metal-organic framework. The capture experiments for a total of 22 heavy metal ions, covering hard, soft, and borderline Lewis metal ions, show that the trap is very effective, with removal efficiencies of >99% for single-component adsorption, multi-component adsorption, or in breakthrough processes. The material can also serve as a host for metal ion loading with arbitrary selections of metal ion amounts/types with a controllable uptake ratio to prepare well-dispersed single or multiple metal catalysts. This is supported by the excellent performance of the prepared Pd2+-loaded composite toward the Suzuki coupling reaction. This work proposes a versatile heavy metal ion trap that may find applications in the fields of separation and catalysis.
Uncovering the anticancer mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection against HCC by integrating quantitative analysis, network analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Gao Li , Wang Ke-xin , Zhou Yu-zhi , Fang Jian-song , Qin Xue-mei , Du Guan-hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCompound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparation that has been clinically used in China to treat various types of solid tumours. Although several studies have revealed that CKI can inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, the active compounds, potential targets and pathways involved in these effects have not been systematically investigated. Here, we proposed a novel idea of “main active compound-based network pharmacology” to explore the anti-cancer mechanism of CKI. Our results showed that CKI significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMMC-7721 cells. Four main active compounds of CKI (matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine and N-methylcytisine) were confirmed by the integration of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with cell proliferation assays. The potential targets and pathways involved in the anti-HCC effects of CKI were predicted by a network pharmacology approach, and some of the crucial proteins and pathways were further validated by western blotting and metabolomics approaches. Our results indicated that CKI exerted anti-HCC effects via the key targets MMP2, MYC, CASP3, and REG1A and the key pathways of glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism. These results provide insights into the mechanism of CKI by combining quantitative analysis of components, network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Premature recruitment of oocyte pool and increased mTOR activity in Fmr1 knockout mice and reversal of phenotype with rapamycin
Authors: Mok-Lin E. , Ascano M. , Serganov A. , Rosenwaks Z. , Tuschl T. , Williams Z. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile mutations in the fragile X mental retardation-1 (FMR1) gene are associated with varying reproductive outcomes in females, the effects of a complete lack of FMR1 expression are not known. Here, we studied the ovarian and reproductive phenotypes in an Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model and the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Breeding, histologic and mTOR signaling data were obtained at multiple time points in KO and wild type (WT) mice fed a control or rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) diet. KO mice showed an earlier decline in ovarian reserve than WT mice with an increased proportion of activated follicles. mTOR and phosphorylated S6 kinase (p-S6K) levels, a measure of downstream mTOR signaling, were elevated in the KO ovaries. Rapamycin blocked these effects in KO mice, and increased the primordial follicle pool and age of last litter in WT mice. Our data demonstrates an early decline in reproductive capacity in Fmr1 KO mice and proposes that premature recruitment of the primordial pool via altered mTOR signaling may be the mechanism. Reversal of phenotypes and protein levels in rapamycin-treated KO mice, as well as increased reproductive lifespan of rapamycin-fed WT mice, suggest the mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
Iron-induced calcification in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells through interleukin-24 (IL-24), with/without TNF-alpha
Authors: Kawada Sayuri , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Kawabe Mutsuki , Ohyama Hideki , Kida Aritoshi , Kato-Kogoe Nahoko , Nanami Masayoshi , Hasuike Yukiko , Kuragano Takahiro , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Nakasho Keiji , Nakanishi Takeshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn CKD patients, arteriosclerotic lesions, including calcification, can occur in vascular smooth muscle cells in a process called Moenckeberg’s medial arteriosclerosis. Iron overload induces several complications, including the acceleration of arteriosclerosis. However, the relationship between Moenckeberg’s arteriosclerosis in vascular smooth muscle cells and iron accumulation has remained unknown. We tested the accelerated effect of iron on calcification in cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). After establishment of this model, we performed a microarray analysis using mRNA from early stage culture HASMCs after iron stimulation with or without TNF-alpha stimulation. The role of interleukin-24 (IL-24) was confirmed from candidate genes that might contribute to calcification. HASMCs demonstrated calcification induced by iron and TNF-alpha. Calcification of HASMCs was synergistically enhanced by stimulation with both iron and TNF-alpha. In the early phase of calcification, microarray analysis revealed up-regulation of IL-24. Stimulation of HASMCs by IL-24 instead of iron induced calcification. The anti-IL-24 antibody reversed the effect of IL-24, supporting the important role of IL-24 in HASMCs calcification. In conclusion, iron-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells occurred via IL-24, IL-24 was increased during the calcification process induced by iron, and IL-24 itself caused calcification in the absence of iron.
Kinetics and equilibrium studies of the adsorption of methylene blue on Euryale ferox shell‐based activated carbon
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Liu Yangai , Wu Xiaowen , Jin Xiaozhao , Zhang Zhijie , Zhao Hang , Liu Jia , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao , Min Xin 
Published: January 2018

Euryale ferox shells were used to prepare activated carbon (AC) by physiochemical activation using potassium hydroxide as the activation agent at 800°C for 2 h. The as‐prepared AC surface area was 2028 m2 g−1, while the average pore diameter and total pore volume were 3.425 nm and 0.98 cm3 g−1, respectively. The equilibrium and kinetics for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on E. ferox shell‐based AC were investigated at 20°C. The equilibrium data for MB adsorption were in agreement with Langmuir equation, and the maximum adsorption value was 617 mg g−1. Adsorption was denoted by two simplified kinetic models, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order equations, respectively. The MB adsorption was well fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order model. Thermodynamics parameters were calculated and discussed and the adsorption of MB on E. ferox shell‐based AC was exothermic and spontaneous.
Nanomorphological investigation of graphite surface after cryo‐ultrasonication in liquid nitrogen by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Moro Daniele , Ulian Gianfranco , Valdrè Giovanni 
Published: January 2018

Mineral graphite has been effectively used to produce high quality graphene sheets, and a promising top‐down approach for the production of graphene from graphite is liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPF) because of its versatility and intrinsic ease of operation. Here, the work introduces a novel method for LPF, and they present preliminary results on the effects of ultrasonication assisted LPF of graphite in liquid nitrogen (cryo‐ultrasonication at 77 K), comparing it with untreated graphite and graphite exfoliated by ultrasonication in distilled water at room temperature (∼300 K). Atomic force microscopy was employed to investigate and to assess at the nanoscale the effect of the cryo‐ultrasonication on the exfoliation of the graphite surface. Various graphene single‐layers with an area of >0.2 μm2 were obtained after cryo‐ultrasonication in liquid nitrogen working at 40 kHz, 100 W for 10 min. The present investigation demonstrates that graphene single‐layers can be easily produced by ultrasonication assisted LPF of graphite immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Solar polarimetry in the K I D2 line : A novel possibility for a stratospheric balloon
Authors: Quintero Noda C. , Villanueva G. L. , Katsukawa Y. , Solanki S. K. , Orozco Suárez D. , Ruiz Cobo B. , Shimizu T. , Oba T. , Kubo M. , Anan T. , Ichimoto K. , Suematsu Y. 
Published: January 2018

Of the two solar lines, K I D1 and D2, almost all attention so far has been devoted to the D1 line, as D2 is severely affected by an O2 atmospheric band. This, however, makes the latter appealing for balloon and space observations from above (most of) the Earth’s atmosphere. We estimate the residual effect of the O2 band on the K I D2 line at altitudes typical for stratospheric balloons. Our aim is to study the feasibility of observing the 770 nm window. Specifically, this paper serves as a preparation for the third flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne observatory. The results indicate that the absorption by O2 is still present, albeit much weaker, at the expected balloon altitude. We applied the obtained O2 transmittance to K I D2 synthetic polarimetric spectra and found that in the absence of line-of-sight motions, the residual O2 has a negligible effect on the K I D2 line. On the other hand, for Doppler-shifted K I D2 data, the residual O2 might alter the shape of the Stokes profiles. However, the residual O2 absorption is sufficiently weak at stratospheric levels that it can be divided out if appropriate measurements are made, something that is impossible at ground level. Therefore, for the first time with Sunrise III, we will be able to perform polarimetric observations of the K I D2 line and, consequently, we will have improved access to the thermodynamics and magnetic properties of the upper photosphere from observations of the K I lines.
Alumina – drei Beobachtungen aus der Literatur und der Versuch einer Charakteristik
Authors: Minder Peter 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDrei Kasuistiken aus der Literatur und der Versuch, eine Charakteristik von Alumina zu erstellen, wie er in Gruppenarbeit der Materia-medica-Studiumsgruppe erarbeitet wurde.
Kentʼs Repertorium, übersetzt von v. Keller u. Künzli: Verlegen, Beschwerden, nach
Authors: Lang Gerhardus 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungEine ursprünglich fehlerhafte Übersetzung der Rubrik „Verlegen, Beschwerden, nach“ aus Kentʼs Repertorium führt in der Folge zu einer völlig andere Bedeutung in den modernen Repertorien. Es ist eine neue Rubrik mit einer neuen Bedeutung gebildet worden, in der nun die Mittel untergebracht wurden, die in einer Rubrik standen, die eine völlig andere Bedeutung hat.
Meritocracy and inequality: moral considerations
Authors: Teklu Theodros Assefa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigates where religion stands in relation to economic life, characterised by meritocracy. To this end, first, the deeper logic of economic merit-retribution—which captures humans, as an ideology of everyday life—will be explicated through a cursory review of the metaphysical and religious grounding of economic life. Here, the paper discusses both the religious legitimation and critique of meritocracy by generating theological resources from the books of Job and Qohelet. The paper then draws on the historical archives and cultural memories of Ethiopians to illustrate how and why religion should be considered important for a deeper understanding of inequality and poverty. Of particular interest in this context are the oral poetic expressions of ordinary people suffering the consequences of drought and famine in Ethiopia. Such voices—usually passed unheard by authorities, whether governmental or non-governmental agents—are not only illustrative of the way the logic of merit/retribution is implicated in metaphysical and religious worldviews in Ethiopia (the metaphysics of fate/idil), but also demonstrate a challenge to the religious, socio-economic, and political status quo. Finally, the paper suggests a number of moral considerations on meritocracy vis-à-vis inequality and poverty, which will contribute towards correcting flawed conceptions of economic poverty and development.
Women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics
Authors: Zarulli Virginia , Barthold Jones Julia A. , Oksuzyan Anna , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune , Christensen Kaare , Vaupel James W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Women live longer than men in nearly all populations today. Some research focuses on the biological origins of the female advantage; other research stresses the significance of social factors. We studied male–female survival differences in populations of slaves and populations exposed to severe famines and epidemics. We find that even when mortality was very high, women lived longer on average than men. Most of the female advantage was due to differences in mortality among infants: baby girls were able to survive harsh conditions better than baby boys. These results support the view that the female survival advantage is modulated by a complex interaction of biological environmental and social factors.
Computational prediction of drug–target interactions using chemogenomic approaches: an empirical survey
Authors: Ezzat Ali , Wu Min , Li Xiao-Li , Kwoh Chee-Keong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Computational prediction of drug–target interactions (DTIs) has become an essential task in the drug discovery process. It narrows down the search space for interactions by suggesting potential interaction candidates for validation via wet-lab experiments that are well known to be expensive and time-consuming. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview and empirical evaluation on the computational DTI prediction techniques, to act as a guide and reference for our fellow researchers. Specifically, we first describe the data used in such computational DTI prediction efforts. We then categorize and elaborate the state-of-the-art methods for predicting DTIs. Next, an empirical comparison is performed to demonstrate the prediction performance of some representative methods under different scenarios. We also present interesting findings from our evaluation study, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we highlight potential avenues for further enhancement of DTI prediction performance as well as related research directions.