bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morales Folguera, José M., Escalera Pérez, Reyes y Talavera Esteso, Francisco J. (eds.). Confluencia de la imagen y la palabra.
Authors: Cazalla Canto Silvia 
Published: February 2017

Recensión del libro:MORALES FOLGUERA, José M., ESCALERA PÉREZ, Reyes y TALAVERA ESTESO, Francisco J. (eds.) [2015]. Confluencia de la imagen y la palabra, Valencia, Universitat de València, pp. 468.
Equation‐derived body fat percentage indicates metabolic abnormalities among normal‐weight adults in a rural Chinese population
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Yaling , Li Qiang , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesObesity classification using body mass index (BMI) may miss subjects with elevated body fat percentage (BF%) and related metabolic risk factors. We aimed to evaluate whether BF% calculated by equations could provide more information about metabolic risks, in addition to BMI classification, in a cross‐sectional rural Chinese population.MethodsA total of 2,990 men and women aged 18–80 years were included in this study. BF% was calculated using previously validated Chinese‐specific equations. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Panel III criteria for Asian Americans.ResultsIn total, 33.6% men and 32.9% women were overweight/obese according to BMI classification. Among those within the normal BMI range, 25.4% men and 54.7% women were indicated as overweight or obese given their elevated BF% (men: BF% ≥ 20%; women: BF% ≥ 30%). In both men and women, compared with those with normal BMI and BF% (NBB), subjects with normal BMI but elevated BF% (NBOB) were more likely to carry abnormal serum lipid profile and to have higher risks of metabolic syndrome. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for metabolic syndrome were 5.45 (2.37–9.53, P < 0.001) and 5.65 (3.36–9.52, P < 0.001) for men and women, respectively. Moreover, the women with NBOB also showed higher blood pressure and serum uric acid than women with NBB.ConclusionsOur study suggested that high BF% based on equations may indicate adverse metabolic profiles among rural Chinese adults with a normal BMI.
Weight, gender, and depressive symptoms in South Korea
Authors: Brewis Alexandra A. , Han Seung Yong , SturtzSreetharan Cindi L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesObesity consistently predicts depression risk, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Body concerns are proposed as key. South Korean society is characterized by extremely high levels of explicit weight stigma, possibly the highest globally. Using cross‐sectional Korean 2014 National Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, we test this proposition in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults (N = 5,632).MethodsDepressive symptoms (outcome variable), was based on the PHQ‐9. Weight status (predictor variable), was based on direct measures of height and weight converted to BMI. Weight concern was self‐reported. Mediation analyses tested how weight concern mediated the influence of weight status on depressive symptoms for women and men.ResultsCurrent weight status influenced depressive symptoms in Korean adults, but not always directly. Concerns of being “fat” mediated that relationship. The effect increased significantly as BMI increased within “normal” and overweight/obese categories for women, and in overweight/obese categories for men. Even though women classified as underweight were significantly more depressed than those in other weight categories, there was no similar mediation effect related to weight concerns.ConclusionFor South Koreans, the stress of adhering to social norms and avoiding stigma related to body weight seems to explain the relationship between higher body weight and more depressive symptoms. Women are more vulnerable overall, but men are not immune. This study demonstrates that body concerns help explain why weight predicts depression, and more broadly supports the proposition that widespread weight‐related stigma is a potentially major, if unrecognized, driver of population‐level health disparities.
Total and central obesity in elderly associated with a marker of undernutrition in early life – sitting height‐to‐stature ratio: A nutritional paradox
Authors: Silveira Erika Aparecida , Ferreira Carla Cristina da Conceição , Pagotto Valéria , Santos Annelisa Silva e Alves de Carvalho , Velasquez‐Melendez Gustavo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether sitting height‐to‐stature ratio (SHSR) is associated with total and central obesity in the elderly.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with 133 noninstitutionalized elderly. High SHSR (≥ 1SD above the mean) was used as a marker of undernutrition (MU) in early life. Poisson's multiple regression was used to determine the association between variables.ResultsThe prevalence of high SHSR was 21.0%, total obesity 43.6% and central obesity 50.4%. Elderly with high SHSR presented a statistically significant association with total obesity (PR 1.50; 95% CI 1.04–2.18) and central obesity (PR 1.42; 95% CI 1.03–1.95) after adjustment for sex, age, educational level and income in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe occurrence of total and central obesity in the elderly was associated with a MU in early life. This result indicates that nutritional deficiencies in childhood may increase the risk of obesity in the elderly, a nutritional paradox.
Milder Alzheimer's disease pathology in heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sposato Luciano A. , Ruíz Vargas Estefanía , Riccio Patricia M. , Toledo Jon B. , Trojanowski John Q. , Kukull Walter A. , Cipriano Lauren E. , Nucera Antonia , Whitehead Shawn N. , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether HF and AF are related to AD by enhancing AD neuropathological changes is unknown.MethodsWe applied network analyses and multiple logistic regression models to assess the association between HF and AF with severity of AD neuropathology in patients from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database with primary neuropathological diagnosis of AD.ResultsWe included 1593 patients, of whom 129 had HF and 250 had AF. HF and AF patients were older and had milder AD pathology. In the network analyses, HF and AF were associated with milder AD neuropathology. In the regression analyses, age (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.95 per 1‐year increase in age, P < .001) and the interaction term HF × AF (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40–0.91, P = .014) were inversely related to severe AD pathology, whereas APOE ε4 genotype showed a direct association (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.31–2.16). Vascular neuropathology was more frequent in patient with HF and AF patients than in those without.DiscussionHF and AF had milder AD neuropathology. Patients with milder AD lived longer and had more exposure to vascular risk factors. HF and AF patients showed a higher frequency of vascular neuropathology, which could have contributed to lower the threshold for clinically evident dementia.
Survival after dementia diagnosis in five racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Mayeda Elizabeth R. , Glymour M. Maria , Quesenberry Charles P. , Johnson Julene K. , Pérez‐Stable Eliseo J. , Whitmer Rachel A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionInformation on anticipated survival time after dementia diagnosis among racially/ethnically diverse patients is needed to plan for care and evaluate disparities.MethodsDementia‐free health care members aged ≥64 years were followed (1/1/2000–12/31/2013) for dementia diagnosis and subsequent survival (n = 23,032 Asian American; n = 18,778 African American; n = 21,000 Latino; n = 4543 American Indian/Alaska Native; n = 206,490 white). Kaplan–Meier curves were estimated for survival after dementia diagnosis by race/ethnicity. We contrasted mortality patterns among people with versus without dementia using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAfter dementia diagnosis (n = 59,494), whites had shortest median survival (3.1 years), followed by American Indian/Alaska Natives (3.4 years), African Americans (3.7 years), Latinos (4.1 years), and Asian Americans (4.4 years). Longer postdiagnosis survival among racial/ethnic minorities compared with whites persisted after adjustment for comorbidities. Racial/ethnic mortality inequalities among dementia patients mostly paralleled mortality inequalities among people without dementia.DiscussionSurvival after dementia diagnosis differs by race/ethnicity, with shortest survival among whites and longest among Asian Americans.
Setting Foundations for Developing Disaster Response Metrics
Authors: Abir Mahshid , Bell Sue Anne , Puppala Neha , Awad Osama , Moore Melinda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere are few reported efforts to define universal disaster response performance measures. Careful examination of responses to past disasters can inform the development of such measures. As a first step toward this goal, we conducted a literature review to identify key factors in responses to 3 recent events with significant loss of human life and economic impact: the 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Using the PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) database, we identified 710 articles and retained 124 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy-two articles pertained to the Haiti earthquake, 38 to the Indian Ocean tsunami, and 14 to the Bam earthquake. On the basis of this review, we developed an organizational framework for disaster response performance measurement with 5 key disaster response categories: (1) personnel, (2) supplies and equipment, (3) transportation, (4) timeliness and efficiency, and (5) interagency cooperation. Under each of these, and again informed by the literature, we identified subcategories and specific items that could be developed into standardized performance measures. The validity and comprehensiveness of these measures can be tested by applying them to other recent and future disaster responses, after which standardized performance measures can be developed through a consensus process. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:505–509)
Child, maternal and household-level correlates of nutritional status: a cross-sectional study among young Samoan children
Authors: Choy Courtney C , Desai Mayur M , Park Jennifer J , Frame Elizabeth A , Thompson Avery A , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututia S , Duckham Rachel L , Deziel Nicole C , Hawley Nicola L 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveYoung children are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition as nutrition transition progresses. The present study aimed to document the prevalence, coexistence and correlates of nutritional status (stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia) in Samoan children aged 24–59 months.DesignA cross-sectional community-based survey. Height and weight were used to determine prevalence of stunting (height-for-age Z-score <−2) and overweight/obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >+2) based on WHO growth standards. Anaemia was determined using an AimStrip Hemoglobin test system (Hb <110 g/l).SettingTen villages on the Samoan island of Upolu.SubjectsMother–child pairs (n 305) recruited using convenience sampling.ResultsModerate or severe stunting was apparent in 20·3 % of children, 16·1 % were overweight/obese and 34·1 % were anaemic. Among the overweight/obese children, 28·6 % were also stunted and 42·9 % anaemic, indicating dual burden of malnutrition. Stunting was significantly less likely among girls (OR=0·41; 95 % CI 0·21, 0·79, P<0·01) than boys. Overweight/obesity was associated with higher family socio-economic status and decreased sugar intake (OR per 10 g/d=0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99, P=0·032). The odds of anaemia decreased with age and anaemia was more likely in children with an anaemic mother (OR=2·20; 95 % CI 1·22, 3·98, P=0·007). No child, maternal or household characteristic was associated with more than one of the nutritional status outcomes, highlighting the need for condition-specific interventions in this age group.ConclusionsThe observed prevalences of stunting, overweight/obesity and anaemia suggest that it is critical to invest in nutrition and develop health programmes targeting early childhood growth and development in Samoa.
Compact dual‐band microstrip filtering power divider using T‐junction structure and quarter‐wavelength SIR
Authors: Shao Chuan , Li Yang , Chen Jian‐Xin 
Published: February 2017

This Letter presents a design of microstrip filtering power divider for dual‐band application. The proposed dual‐band filtering power divider is based on the traditional Wilkinson power divider and employs T‐junction structures and quarter‐wavelength stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) to realise dual‐band power allocation and bandpass response simultaneously. The design process is simple and effective. For validation, a dual‐band microstrip filtering power divider with centre frequencies of 0.9 and 2.1 GHz for the GSM and WCDMA applications is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate that the proposed dual‐band filtering power divider showcases low‐loss characteristics, high isolation as well as good selectivity.
Modified transformer winding ladder network model to assess non‐dominant frequencies
Authors: Nosratian Ahour Jafar , Seyedtabaie Saeed , Gharehpetian Gevork B. 
Published: February 2017

In this study, the challenging problem of computing the frequency‐dependent lumped parameter ladder network model for transformer winding based on impedance frequency response is investigated. It is shown that the existing conventional model is not capable of simulating the non‐dominant resonances; rather, this phenomenon can be adequately modelled using extra intersection capacitors. As usual, this large‐scale non‐linear optimisation problem is addressed using properly lined‐up genetic algorithm. To accelerate the success of the estimation, the dimension of the problem and the search space is reduced by using logical and real constraints and equations derived from the transformer geometry and its electromagnetic specifications; if this is not done, the optimisation fails. The test results on a 20/0.4 kV, 1600 kVA transformer indicates that the computed model, which is improved and detailed, is superior to the conventional one in terms of simulating the non‐dominant resonances of the transformer winding. Therefore, it is more reliable for the transformer transient behaviour analysis.
Series‐connected multi‐half‐bridge modules converter for integrating multi‐megawatt wind multi‐phase permanent magnet synchronous generator with dc grid
Authors: Elserougi Ahmed A. , Daoud Mohamed I. , Abdel‐Khalik Ayman S. , Mohamed Massoud Ahmed , Ahmed Shehab 
Published: February 2017

In this study, a new transformerless wind energy conversion system to integrate high‐power multi‐phase permanent magnet wind generators to medium‐voltage local grids is presented. The proposed converter topology consists of multi‐half‐bridge modules with a high ac–direct current (dc) boosting capability. Each phase of an open winding multi‐phase generator is connected to the ac side of a half‐bridge module, whereas the dc sides of the half‐bridge modules are connected in series forming the high‐voltage dc‐link output. The proposed architecture facilitates the employment of semiconductor switches with a relatively low‐voltage rating, which equals the dc‐link voltage divided by the number of generator phases. A detailed analysis of the proposed architecture along with the required closed‐loop control is presented. The proposed architecture is simulated under different operating conditions using a typical 2 MW system, while the experimental validation is carried out using a low‐scale prototype converter.
Occipitocervical Instability After Far-Lateral Transcondylar Surgery: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Mazur Marcus D. , Couldwell William T. , Cutler Aaron , Shah Lubdha M. , Brodke Darrel S. , Bachus Kent , Dailey Andrew T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: After a far-lateral transcondylar approach, patients may maintain neutral alignment in the immediate postoperative period, but severe occipitoatlantal subluxation may occur gradually with cranial settling and possible neurological injury. Previous research is based on assumptions regarding the extent of condylar resection and the change in biomechanics that produces instability.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the extent of bone removal during a far-lateral transcondylar approach, determine the changes in range of motion (ROM) and stiffness that occur after condylar resection, and identify the threshold of condylar resection that predicts alterations in occipitocervical biomechanics.

METHODS: Nine human cadaveric specimens were biomechanically tested before and after far-lateral transcondylar resection extending into the hypoglossal canal (HC). The extent of condylar resection was quantified using volumetric comparison between pre- and postresection computed tomography scans. ROM and stiffness testing were performed in intact and resected states. The extent of resection that produced alterations in occipitocervical biomechanics was assessed with sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS: Bone removal during condylar resection into the HC was 15.4%-63.7% (mean 35.7%). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that changes in biomechanics may occur when just 29% of the occipital condyle was resected (area under the curve 0.80-1.00).

CONCLUSION: Changes in occipitocervical biomechanics may be observed if one-third of the occipital condyle is resected. During surgery, the HC may not be a reliable landmark to guide the extent of resection. Patients who undergo condylar resections extending into or beyond the HC require close surveillance for occipitocervical instability.
From Russian Refugee to Iowa's First Neurosurgeon and Pioneer of Cranial Hemostasis: The Legacy of Anatole Kolodny (1892-1948)
Authors: Abel Taylor , Zanaty Mario , Walch Timothy , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
After immigrating to the United States from Russia in the wake of the First World War, Anatole Kolodny became the first surgeon in Iowa to specialize in neurological surgery. Kolodny was vital to the initial practice of neurosurgery in the state of Iowa and to the specific development of academic neurosurgery at the University of Iowa. In an effort to improve his surgical outcomes, Kolodny invented a hemostat that bears his name and is still used for cranial hemostasis. He also provided early outcomes of myelomenigocele repair and wrote extensively on bone sarcoma. Kolodny's achievements brought favorable attention to the university and altered the course of neurosurgery at the University of Iowa. Of significant importance, Kolodny influenced and trained Iowa's second neurosurgeon, Olan Hyndman, and this action led the way to the eventual recruitment of the university's first division head of neurosurgery. The purpose of this manuscript is to shed light on Kolodny's important contributions to the development of neurosurgery not only at Iowa, but also in the profession as a whole.
Sellar and Parasellar Imaging
Authors: Zamora Carlos , Castillo Mauricio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The skull base is a complex anatomical region that harbors many important neurovascular structures in a relatively confined space. The pathology that can develop at this site is varied, and many disease processes may present with similar clinical and neuroimaging findings. While computed tomography maintains a role in the evaluation of many entities and can, for instance, delineate osseous erosion with great detail and characterize calcified tumor matrices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the mainstay in the neuroimaging assessment of most pathology occurring at the skull base. Various MRI sequences have proven to be robust tools for tissue characterization and can provide information on the presence of lipids, paramagnetic and diamagnetic elements, and tumor cellularity, among others. In addition, currently available MRI techniques are able to generate high spatial resolution images that allow visualization of cranial nerves and their involvement by adjacent pathology. The information obtained from such examinations may aid in the distinction of these disease processes and in the accurate delineation of their extent prior to biopsy or treatment planning.
Long-Term Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes Following Pipeline Embolization Device Treatment of Complex Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: Five-Year Results of the Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms Trial
Authors: Becske Tibor , Brinjikji Waleed , Potts Matthew B. , Kallmes David F. , Shapiro Maksim , Moran Christopher J. , Levy Elad I. , McDougall Cameron G. , Szikora István , Lanzino Giuseppe , Woo Henry H. , Lopes Demetrius K. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Fiorella David J. , Saatci Isil , Cekirge Saruhan H. , Berez Aaron L. , Cher Daniel J. , Berentei Zsolt , Marosfői Miklós , Nelson Peter K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early and mid-term safety and efficacy of aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has been well demonstrated in prior studies.

OBJECTIVE: To present 5-yr follow-up for patients treated in the Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms clinical trial.

METHODS: In our prospective, multicenter trial, 109 complex internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms in 107 subjects were treated with the PED. Patients were followed per a standardized protocol at 180 d and 1, 3, and 5 yr. Aneurysm occlusion, in-stent stenosis, modified Rankin Scale scores, and complications were recorded.

RESULTS: The primary endpoint of complete aneurysm occlusion at 180 d (73.6%) was previously reported. Aneurysm occlusion for those patients with angiographic follow-up progressively increased over time to 86.8% (79/91), 93.4% (71/76), and 95.2% (60/63) at 1, 3, and 5 yr, respectively. Six aneurysms (5.7%) were retreated. New serious device-related events at 1, 3, and 5 yr were noted in 1% (1/96), 3.5% (3/85), and 0% (0/81) of subjects. There were 4 (3.7%) reported deaths in our trial. Seventy-eight (96.3%) of 81 patients with 5-yr clinical follow-up had modified Rankin Scale scores ≤2. No delayed neurological deaths or hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular events were reported beyond 6 mo. No recanalization of a previously occluded aneurysm was observed.

CONCLUSION: Our 5-yr findings demonstrate that PED is a safe and effective treatment for large and giant wide-necked aneurysms of the intracranial ICA, with high rates of complete occlusion and low rates of delayed adverse events.