bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Determination of Molecular Structure Trends in Amphiphilic Core Corona Star Polymer Synthesis via Dielectric Property Measurement
Authors: Hild Frederic , Nguyen Nam T. , Deng Eileen , Katrib Juliano , Dimitrakis Georgios , Lau Phei‐Li , Irvine Derek J. 
Published: June 2016

The use of dielectric property measurements to define specific trends in the molecular structures of poly(caprolactone) containing star polymers and/or the interbatch repeatability of the synthetic procedures used to generate them is demonstrated. The magnitude of the dielectric property value is shown to accurately reflect: (a) the number of functional groups within a series of materials with similar molecular size when no additional intermolecular order is present in the medium, (b) the polymer molecular size for a series of materials containing a fixed core material and so functional group number, and/or (c) the batch to batch repeatability of the synthesis method. The dielectric measurements are validated by comparison to spectroscopic/chromatographic data.
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Interleaved neuromuscular electrical stimulation reduces muscle fatigue
Authors: Lou Jenny W.H. , Bergquist Austin J. , Aldayel Abdulaziz , Czitron Jennifer , Collins David F. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be delivered over a muscle belly (mNMES) or nerve trunk (nNMES). Both methods generate contractions that fatigue rapidly due, in part, to non‐physiologically high motor unit (MU) discharge frequencies. In this study we introduce interleaved NMES (iNMES), whereby stimulus pulses are alternated between mNMES and nNMES. iNMES was developed to recruit different MU populations with every other stimulus pulse, with a goal of reducing discharge frequencies and muscle fatigue. Methods: Torque and electromyography were recorded during fatigue protocols (12 min, 240 contractions) delivered using mNMES, nNMES, and iNMES. Results: Torque declined significantly 3 min into iNMES and 1 min into both mNMES and nNMES. Torque decreased by 39% during iNMES and by 67% and 58% during mNMES and nNMES, respectively. Conclusions: iNMES resulted in less muscle fatigue than mNMES and nNMES. Delivering NMES in ways that reduce MU discharge frequencies holds promise for reducing muscle fatigue during NMES‐based rehabilitation. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 179–189, 2017
A quasi‐linear reproducing kernel particle method
Authors: Yreux Edouard , Chen Jiun‐Shyan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryReproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) has been applied to many large deformation problems. RKPM relies on polynomial reproducing conditions to yield desired accuracy and convergence properties but requires appropriate kernel support coverage of neighboring nodes to ensure kernel stability. This kernel stability condition is difficult to achieve for problems with large particle motion such as the fragment‐impact processes that commonly exist in extreme events. A new reproducing kernel formulation with ‘quasi‐linear’ reproducing conditions is introduced. In this approach, the first‐order polynomial reproducing conditions are approximately enforced to yield a nonsingular moment matrix. With proper error control of the first‐order completeness, nearly second‐order convergence rate in L2 norm can be achieved while maintaining kernel stability. The effectiveness of this quasi‐linear RKPM formulation is demonstrated by modeling several extremely large deformation and fragment‐impact problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic risk scores link body fat distribution with specific cardiometabolic profiles
Authors: Svendstrup Mathilde , Sandholt Camilla H. , Andersson Galijatovic Ehm Astrid , Linneberg Allan , Jørgensen Torben , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Pedersen Oluf , Grarup Niels , Hansen Torben , Vestergaard Henrik 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveForty‐nine known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associating with body mass index (BMI)‐adjusted waist‐hip‐ratio (WHR) (WHRadjBMI) were recently suggested to cluster into three groups with different associations to cardiometabolic traits. Genetic risk scores of the clusters on the risk of incident diabetes and associations with detailed cardiometabolic phenotypes were tested.MethodsIn a prospective study of 6,121 Inter99 individuals, the risk of incident diabetes using Cox proportional hazards regression was evaluated. Using linear regession, the associations between genetic risk scores and anthropometry and blood samples at fasting and during an oral glucose tolerance test were tested. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.ResultsCluster 1 associated with an increased risk of diabetes (HR = 1.05, P = 2.74 × 10−4) and with a poor metabolic profile, including fasting serum triglyceride (β = 0.98% mmol/L, P = 3.33 × 10−8) and Matsuda index (β = −0.74%, P = 1.29 × 10−4). No similar associations for Clusters 2 and 3 were found. The three clusters showed different patterns of association with waist circumference, hip circumference, and height.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the 49 WHRadjBMI‐associated SNPs affect metabolic health differently depending on the cluster of SNPs. The clusters further associate differently with anthropometric measures.
Reduced expression of collagen VI alpha 3 (COL6A3) confers resistance to inflammation‐induced MCP1 expression in adipocytes
Authors: Gesta Stephane , Guntur Kalyani , Majumdar Ishita Deb , Akella Syamala , Vishnudas Vivek K. , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveCollagen VI alpha 3 (COL6A3) is associated with insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. In this study, the role of COL6A3 in human adipocyte function was characterized.MethodsImmortalized human preadipocyte cell lines stably expressing control or COL6A3 shRNA were used to study adipocyte function and inflammation.ResultsCOL6A3 knockdown increased triglyceride content, lipolysis, insulin‐induced Akt phosphorylation, and mRNA expression of key adipogenic genes (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, glucose transporter, adiponectin, and fatty acid binding protein), indicating increased adipocyte function and insulin sensitivity. However, COL6A3 knockdown decreased basal adipocyte chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 [CCL2, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP1)] mRNA expression, reduced secreted protein levels, and abrogated tumor necrosis factor‐α‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐induced MCP1 mRNA expression. In addition, while control adipocytes co‐cultured with THP1 macrophages showed a threefold increase in adipocyte MCP1 mRNA expression, in COL6A3 knockdown adipocytes MCP1 mRNA expression was unaltered by co‐culturing. Lastly, in normal differentiated adipocytes, matrix metalloproteinase‐11 treatment reduced expression of COL6A3 protein, MCP1 mRNA, MCP1 secretion, and abrogated tumor necrosis factor‐α‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐induced MCP1 mRNA expression and protein secretion.ConclusionsCOL6A3 knockdown in adipocytes leads to the development of a unique state of inflammatory resistance via suppression of MCP1 induction.
Expression pattern and pharmacological characterisation of two novel alternative splice variants of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Wu Shun‐Fan , Mu Xi‐Chao , Dong Yao‐Xue , Wang Li‐Xiang , Wei Qi , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlutamate‐gated chloride channels (GluCl) mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission in invertebrate nervous systems. Although only one GluCl gene was presented in insects, it showed diverse alternative splicing that was speculated could affect channel function and pharmacology.RESULTSIn this study, we isolated GluCl cDNAs from adults of the small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striatellus and showed that six L. striatellus GluCl variants (LsGluCl‐AS, LsGluCl‐BS, LsGluCl‐CS, LsGluCl‐AL, LsGluCl‐BL, LsGluCl‐CL) were present in the SBPH. The expression patterns of six variants differed among developmental stages (egg, first‐ to fifth‐instar nymphs, male and female adults) and among the body parts (head, thorax, abdomen, leg) of the female adult SBPH. All the transcripts were abundant in the head of the adult. When expressed in African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, oocytes, the two functional variants (LsGluCl‐AS, LsGluCl‐AL) had similar EC50 and IC50 values for L‐glutamate and channel blockers picrotoxinin and fipronil.CONCLUSIONThis study represents a comprehensive molecular, expression and pharmacological characterisation of GluCl in the SBPH. These findings should be useful in providing more opportunities to discover novel insect control chemicals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Micro protocol engineering for unstructured carriers: on the embedding of steganographic control protocols into audio transmissions
Authors: Naumann Matthias , Wendzel Steffen , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Keller Joerg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNetwork steganography conceals the transfer of sensitive information within unobtrusive data in computer networks. So‐called micro protocols are communication protocols placed within the payload of a network steganographic transfer. They enrich this transfer with features such as reliability, dynamic overlay routing, or performance optimization — just to mention a few. We present different design approaches for the embedding of hidden channels with micro protocols in digitized audio signals under consideration of different requirements. On the basis of experimental results, our design approaches are compared and introduced into a protocol engineering approach for micro protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband‐Solubility Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivative with Both Polar Cyano and Nonpolar Alkyl Groups for Stable Organic Photosensors and Diffusion‐Processed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Hyena , Han Hyemi , Jeong Jaehoon , Kim Hwajeong , Song Dong‐Ik , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA small‐molecular diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivative with cyano groups, (2E,2′E)‐diethyl‐3,3′‐((5,5′‐(2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,6‐dioxo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl) bis(thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(4,1‐phenylene)) bis (2‐cyanoacrylate) (EHTPPD‐ECPA), was synthesized via Suzuki‐coupling reaction. The synthesized EHTPPD‐ECPA exhibited a broadband solubility in both polar and nonpolar solvents due to the presence of both polar (cyano) and nonpolar (alkyl) groups. A bright pink photoluminescence (PL) was measured from EHTPPD‐ECPA solutions, whereas almost no PL was observed from the EHTPPD‐ECPA films because of high intermolecular stacking (band gap=1.7 eV). EHTPPD‐ECPA was found to act as an electron‐donating component in all‐small‐molecular bulk heterojunction layers for organic photosensors (photodetectors), while it played a critical role in improving the efficiency of diffusion‐processed polymer/fullerene solar cells with the mixed electron‐donating layers.
Ecocompatible Halloysite/Cucurbit[8]uril Hybrid as Efficient Nanosponge for Pollutants Removal
Authors: Massaro M. , Riela S. , Cavallaro G. , Colletti C. G. , Milioto S. , Noto R. , Lazzara. G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHybrid materials based on halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) were prepared with the aim to obtain efficient nanosponges towards hydrocarbons both in liquid and vapor phases. The loading on both HNT surfaces and the hybrid morphology were evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In order to highlight the interactions in the hybrid 13C {1H} CP‐MAS NMR experiments were performed. The aqueous colloidal stability of HNT/CB[8] was highlighted through ζ potential and dynamic light scattering measurements. The HNT/CB[8] composite was employed as nanosponge to capture aromatic oils in aqueous phase as evidenced by fluorescence emission spectra of pyrene. These results were correlated with the adsorption capacity of the hybrid toward toluene in vapor phase. This paper provides an efficient way to prepare a biocompatible hybrid material that could be used as a potential multi‐pockets nano‐container for decontamination of polluted water and/or air.
An Expeditious Green Cascade Synthesis of 3‐Arylideneaminoquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives via ‘Solvent Drop Grinding’ and Their Antioxidant and DNA Protective Studies
Authors: Kuntikana Sahana , Bhat Chinmay , Kongot Manasa , Bhat Subrahmanya I , Kumar Amit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented, green protocol for the combinatorial synthesis of 3‐arylideneaminoquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones is explored by a ‘solvent assisted grinding’ reaction of o‐aminobenzhydrazide and aldehydes/ketones. The present methodology found special utility by overcoming the problems associated with commercial ‘ball milling’ and ‘solvent‐ free grindstone’ techniques. The operational simplicity, product selectivity, short reaction time, high yield, and wide functional group tolerance are the promising advantages of the current protocol. The antioxidant activity of the selected products was studied using 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique and compounds which displayed considerable antioxidant activity were screened for their protective ability against Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage.
Organoplatinum(II) Complexes Featuring the 2‐Vinylpyridine Ligand
Authors: Niazi Maryam , Shahsavari Hamid R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRoom temperature reaction of 2‐vinylpyridine ligand (L, 2 equiv.) with the known dimethylplatinum(II) complex cis,cis‐[Me2Pt(µ‐SMe2)2PtMe2], A, provided a novel dimeric platinum(II) complex [PtMe2(µ2‐η1:η2‐2‐vpy)]2, 2, by displacement of the dimethyl sulfide (SMe2) ligands with the nitrogen atom and the olefinic double bond donors of 2‐vpy. The single crystal structure of complex 2 reveals a distorted square‐planar geometry around platinum centers. Two L groups in this complex act as bridging ligands between platinum centers, displaying a short Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interaction with unique orientation in a head‐to‐tail (HT) arrangement. Complex 2 was not stable in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) solution, and through C‐H bond activation produced methane and cyclometalated complex [PtMe(η1:η1‐2‐vpy)(dmso)], 1.
Interaction–dependent native chemical ligation and protein trans–splicing (IDNCL‐PTS) for detection and visualization of ligand–protein interactions
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Saito Akinori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe constructed a detection system to visualize ligand‐protein interactions by specific enzyme activity based on interaction‐dependent native chemical ligation and protein trans‐splicing (IDNCL‐PTS). We engineered β‐galactosidase (βGal) capable of generating enzyme activity through protein trans‐splicing (PTS) using a split intein derived from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Ssp) DnaB. Two short peptide reactive tags, each having the sequence of βGal(24–34) or DnaB(1–11), were incorporated into a ligand and a target protein, and the ligand‐protein interaction promoted the ligation between the peptide tags by a proximity effect. Combining IDNCL and PTS, interactions of carbohydrates with maltose binding protein (MBP) and phosphopeptides with peptidyl‐prolys cis/trans isomerase NIMA‐interacting 1 (Pin1) were clearly detected by βGal activity. Interestingly, phosphopeptide‐Pin1 interactions were visualized directly in crude periplasmic extracts.
Fetal cardiac axis in tetralogy of Fallot: associations with prenatal findings, genetic anomalies and postnatal outcome
Authors: Zhao Y. , Edington S. , Fleenor J. , Sinkovskaya E. , Porche L. , Abuhamad A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare prenatal findings, associated genetic anomalies and postnatal outcome in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with normal cardiac axis (CAx) and those with abnormal CAx.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 85 cases diagnosed with TOF by prenatal ultrasound at our clinic between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed. Follow‐up ultrasound and postnatal outcome were available for 68 cases. One case complicated with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and a further seven cases diagnosed postnatally with anomalies other than TOF were excluded from the study. The remaining 60 cases of postnatally confirmed TOF were divided according to CAx into two groups: those with normal CAx (n = 33) and those with abnormal CAx (n = 27). CAx was defined as the angle between the interventricular septum and midline of the fetal thorax at the level of the four‐chamber view. CAx > 65° or < 25° was considered abnormal. Prenatal sonographic findings, associated genetic anomalies and postnatal outcome were compared between the two groups.ResultsFetuses with TOF and abnormal CAx were more likely to have pulmonary atresia (40.7% vs 15.2%; P = 0.026) and right‐sided aortic arch (48.1% vs 21.2%; P = 0.028) than those with normal CAx. Postnatal death occurred in 30.4% of infants with abnormal CAx vs 6.5% with normal CAx (P = 0.028). Incidence of tested genetic anomalies was similar between the two groups.ConclusionIn fetuses with TOF, abnormal CAx is associated with the presence of pulmonary atresia, right‐sided aortic arch and a higher risk of postnatal death. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kubo Hidemasa , Murayama Yasutoshi , Arita Tomohiro , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Masayoshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prognostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported in several cancers included colorectal cancer; however, it is not clear if there is an association between NLR and cancer‐specific survival in colorectal cancer. And the optimal cut‐off value is controversial. This study was designed to assess the prognostic value of preoperative NLR in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsTotal 823 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for all stages of colorectal cancer in our hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in the study. Preoperative NLR was calculated from their hospital records.ResultsUsing the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, we found that the optimal preoperative NLR cut‐off value that was strongly associated with cancer‐specific survival was 2.1. Using this value, 505 patients were identified as having high NLR (≥2.1) and 397 patients were identified as having low NLR (<2.1). High NLR was associated with preoperative serum albumin values <4.0 g/dl (p < 0.001), positive preoperative serum C‐reactive protein (CRP; p < 0.001), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values ≥5.0 ng/dl (p = 0.003), and stage progression (p = 0.002). Cox proportional hazard analyses identified preoperative high NLR as an independent poor prognostic factor (p = 0.020, HR 1.66 (95 % CI: 1.08–2.63)). When comparing stage of disease, preoperative high‐NLR patients with Stage III disease (p = 0.024) and Stage IV disease (p = 0.036) had significantly poorer prognoses.ConclusionsIn this study, we have demonstrated that preoperative NLR ≥2.1 was a prognostic indicator for cancer‐specific survival of colorectal cancer patients.
Mid‐Term Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Laparoscopic Roux En‐Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Vasas Peter , Al‐Khyatt Waleed , Idris Iskandar , Leeder Paul C. , Awan Altaf K. , Awad Sherif , Ahmed Javed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic Roux en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is an established therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is paucity of data on the outcomes of LRYGB on T2DM beyond 2 years. This study aimed to examine the medium‐term effects of LRYGB on T2DM and determine the predictors of T2DM resolution.MethodsProspective data were collected for all consecutive LRYGB performed from September 2009 to November 2010. The American Diabetes Association guidelines were used to define complete (CR) or partial (PR) remission of diabetes. Diabetes status was considered improved when there was >50 % reduction in the dose of medications or when glycaemic control was achieved after stopping insulin. The effects of baseline characteristics, diabetes data and weight loss data at 4 years on T2DM remission were studied.ResultsForty‐six patients with T2DM underwent LRYGB with mean ± SD age and body mass index (BMI) of 48.6 ± 9.6 years and 50.4 ± 6.5 kg/m2, respectively. Median (IQR, interquartile range) duration of T2DM preoperatively was 60 (36–126) months. Median (IQR) follow‐up was 52 (50–57) months. T2DM remission was achieved in 64 % of patients (44 % CR, 20 % PR), and a further 28 % of patients had improvement in their diabetes status. Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant excess weight loss (EWL) [P = 0.008] and lower BMI [P = 0.04] at 4 years to be the only independent predictors of T2DM medium‐term outcomes.ConclusionThe medium‐term effects of LRYGB on T2DM remission/improvement were maintained in 92 % of patients. EWL and lower BMI at 4 years were independent predictors of T2DM remission.
P.013 Conflicts of interest in neurosurgical research - comparing voluntary physician disclosure to mandatory company data
Authors: McDonald PJ , Shon ER , Kulkarni AV 
Published: June 2016

Background: Industry involvement in neurosurgical research is common, creating financial conflicts of interest (COIs). Most journals require voluntary disclosure of financial COIs. In 2013, the Sunshine Act (SA) was passed in the US, mandating industry disclosure of all payments to physicians. The accuracy of voluntary disclosure can now be determined by comparing voluntary author disclosure with industry data. Methods: We reviewed disclosure statements and calculated rates of voluntary disclosure in major neurosurgical journals before (2011) and after (2013) the Sunshine Act to determine if voluntary disclosure increased after its implementation. We then determined the accuracy of voluntary disclosure in 2013, comparing voluntary disclosure with industry disclosure on the Open Payments Database (OPD). Mean, median and range of industry payments to neurosurgeons were calculated Results: Voluntary disclosure significantly increased in JNS-Spine only (10.7% to 35.4%,p<0.001) after implementation of the SA. The average rate of non-disclosure in all journals studied was 38.3% (Range 33.8%-42.2%)$32,598,522.97 of industry payments were provided to 656 authors in the five-month period studied (Average $49,692.87/author) Conclusions: Voluntary COI disclosure in JNS- Spine increased after implementation of the Sunshine Act. Industry payments to physicians publishing in neurosurgery journals are common and rates of non-disclosure of COIs are high. The ethical implications of COIs and non-disclosure are discussed.
P.134 Spinal epidural abscess associated with septic facet joints-one center experience
Authors: Meguro K , Pirlot B , Ellchuk T , Ahmad U 
Published: June 2016

Background: Infection to the facet joints has been reported sporadically but the significance of this type of infection has not been clarified. In our study on spine infection, we identified the cases of spinal epidural abscess with septic joints and was able to compare to cases of epidural abscess with discitis and osteomyelitis. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, we experienced 176 cases of spine infection including discitis, osteomyelitis and epidural abscess. Retrospective review of the clinical data and radiological findings was performed. Among 176 cases, 80 patients had epidural abscess. They were divided to two groups, one with septic joint and the other with discitis and osteomyelitis. Results: 23 patients were found to have septic joints with epidural abscess based on the MRI findings. Mean age was 45.5. 15 of 23 patients (65%) required surgery and all treated with laminectomy. 78% had a good neurological outcome.57 patients had epidural abscess with discitis and osteomyelitis. Mean age was 54. 51% required surgery. Only 62 % was treated with laminectomy alone. Good neurological outcome was seen in 67% of the patients. Conclusions: Infected facet joints are not as rare as generally believed. The patients with septic joints are younger. Surgery was done more often and laminectomy provided better neurological outcome