bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Processes Controlling the Tide in the Tropical Lower Atmosphere Investigated Using a Comprehensive Numerical Model
Authors: Sakazaki T. , Hamilton K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The lower-atmospheric circulation in the tropics is strongly influenced by large-scale daily variations referred to as atmospheric solar tides. Most earlier studies have used simplified linear theory to explain daily variations in the tropics. The present study employs a comprehensive limited-area atmospheric model and revisits some longstanding issues related to atmospheric tidal dynamics. The tides in the tropical lower atmosphere are realistically simulated in the control experiment with a near-global (75°S–75°N) version of the model. Sensitivity experiments with different aspects of the solar heating suppressed showed that the semidiurnal (S2) tide near the surface can be attributed roughly equally to stratospheric and tropospheric direct solar heating and that the diurnal (S1) tide is excited almost entirely by tropospheric direct solar heating as well as solar heating of Earth’s surface. Linear theory with forcing only by direct radiative heating predicts the phase of the S2 barometric oscillation should be ~0910 LT versus the ~0945 LT phase seen in low-latitude observations. The roles of (i) convective and latent heating and (ii) mechanical dissipation, in determining the S2 phase, are assessed in the model. It is found that the former effect delays the phase by ~25 min and the latter by ~5 min; these two effects together explain the observed phase. When the model is run in limited-area domains comparable to those used in typical regional climate studies the S2, but not S1, tide is found to be significantly weaker than observed, even using atmospheric reanalysis data to drive the lateral boundaries.
Comparison of Next-Day Probabilistic Severe Weather Forecasts from Coarse- and Fine-Resolution CAMs and a Convection-Allowing Ensemble
Authors: Loken Eric D. , Clark Adam J. , Xue Ming , Kong Fanyou 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Given increasing computing power, an important question is whether additional computational resources would be better spent reducing the horizontal grid spacing of a convection-allowing model (CAM) or adding members to form CAM ensembles. The present study investigates this question as it applies to CAM-derived next-day probabilistic severe weather forecasts created by using forecast updraft helicity as a severe weather proxy for 63 days of the 2010 and 2011 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments. Forecasts derived from three sets of Weather Research and Forecasting Model configurations are tested: a 1-km deterministic model, a 4-km deterministic model, and an 11-member, 4-km ensemble. Forecast quality is evaluated using relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves, attributes diagrams, and performance diagrams, and forecasts from five representative cases are analyzed to investigate their relative quality and value in a variety of situations. While no statistically significant differences exist between the 4- and 1-km deterministic forecasts in terms of area under ROC curves, the 4-km ensemble forecasts offer weakly significant improvements over the 4-km deterministic forecasts over the entire 63-day dataset. Further, the 4-km ensemble forecasts generally provide greater forecast quality relative to either of the deterministic forecasts on an individual day. Collectively, these results suggest that, for purposes of improving next-day CAM-derived probabilistic severe weather forecasts, additional computing resources may be better spent on adding members to form CAM ensembles than on reducing the horizontal grid spacing of a deterministic model below 4 km.
Non-penetrating traumatic injuries of the aortic arch
Authors: Schicho Andreas , Lürken Lukas , Meier Ramona , Stroszczynski Christian , Schreyer Andreas , Dendl Lena-Marie , Schleder Stephan 
Published: June 2017

Background In severely injured trauma patients, non-penetrating aortic arch injuries (NAAI) have a remarkable incidence and mortality. Both diagnostics and therapy of NAAI recently underwent significant changes. Purpose To assess mortality, morbidity, and the risk factors associated with NAAI in severely injured patients (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥16) under the light of recent technical and procedural advances in trauma care. Material and Methods A total of 230 consecutive trauma patients with ISS ≥16 admitted to our level-I trauma center during a 24-month period, were prospectively included and underwent standardized whole-body computed tomography (CT) in a 2 × 128-detector-row scanner. Incidence, mortality, patient and trauma characteristics, and concomitant injuries were recorded for patients with NAAI. Localization of NAAI was described referring to Mitchell and Ishimaru; severity was graded according to the proposal of Heneghan et al. Results Thirteen of 230 patients had a NAAI, yielding an incidence of 5.6%. Mean age and ISS was not elevated in NAAI (44.4 ± 14.8 years, ISS = 38 ± 12.4). Mortality was 23.1%. One patient had severe neurologic sequelae from a stroke; all surviving patients had to undergo (transient) anticoagulant therapy. Trauma mechanism was of high kinetic energy in all cases. Concomitant injuries were predominantly thoracic (rib fractures = 76.9%, thoracic spine fracture = 38.5%). Conclusion Whenever an individual possibly encountered a deceleration–acceleration trauma mechanism, a high level of suspicion for NAAI should be maintained. It remains to be determined whether recent advances in mortality are due to changes in trauma care or due to improved vehicle and road safety.
Age and Anatomical Location–Related Dermoscopic Patterns of 210 Acral Melanocytic Nevi in a Turkish Population
Authors: Emiroglu Nazan , Cengiz Fatma Pelin , Onsun Nahide 
Published: June 2017

Background: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for earlier diagnosis and differentiating benign lesions from melanoma. Objectives: We aim to investigate dermoscopic features of acral nevi, age, and localisation-related findings of these lesions. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive study. Patients were retrospectively collected from the Department of Dermatology. The patients with acral nevi were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were Turkish nationality and the presence of at least 1 acral nevus diagnosed both clinically and dermoscopically. Lesions in dorsal and subungual areas were excluded. All nevi were examined by the same dermatologist. Results: The most common dermoscopic patterns were as follows: parallel furrow (87 patients; 41.4%), globular (24 patients; 11.4%), fibrillar (22 patients; 10.5%), combination patterns (19 patients; 9.1%), globulostreak-like (16 patients; 7.6%), lattice-like (15 patients; 7.1%), homogeneous (12 patients; 5.7%), nontypical (8 patients; 3.8%), parallel ridge (4 patients; 1.9%), reticular (2 patients; 1.0%), and crista dotted pattern (1 patient; 0.5%). The parallel furrow pattern was the most common pattern in all localisations. The number of parallel furrow patterns (5 lesions) was equal to the globulostreak-like pattern (5 lesions) on the thenar area. The number of parallel furrow patterns (4 lesions) was equal to the fibrillar pattern (4 lesions) on the heel. Parallel furrow (dotted variants) (11 lesions) and globulostreak-like patterns (5 lesions) were the most common patterns in the pediatric population (0-15 years old). The fibrillar pattern showed a tendency for soles (12 lesions), while a lattice-like pattern was seen more often in the plantar arch (3 lesions). Conclusions: Description of the dermoscopic features of acral nevi is important to improve management and reduce the number of unnecessary excisions. The most common patterns were parallel furrow, globular, and fibrillar in our study. Parallel furrow (dotted variants) and globulostreak-like patterns were the most common patterns in the pediatric population. The fibrillar pattern showed a tendency for soles, while a lattice-like pattern was seen more often on the plantar arch. Therefore, there may be a relation between anatomic localisation, age, and dermoscopic pattern.
The effect of endograft device on patient outcomes in endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Nagpal Sudhir , Jetty Prasad 
Published: June 2017

Objective Endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is being increasingly applied as the intervention of choice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether survival and reintervention rates after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm vary between endograft devices. Methods This cohort study identified all ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms performed at The Ottawa Hospital from January 1999 to May 2015. Data collected included patient demographics, stability index at presentation, adherence to device instructions for use, endoleaks, reinterventions, and mortality. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare outcomes between groups. Mortality outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and multivariate Cox regression modeling. Results One thousand sixty endovascular aneurysm repairs were performed using nine unique devices. Ninety-six ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms were performed using three devices: Cook Zenith ( n = 46), Medtronic Endurant ( n = 33), and Medtronic Talent ( n = 17). The percent of patients presented in unstable or extremis condition was 30.2, which did not differ between devices. Overall 30-day mortality was 18.8%, and was not statistically different between devices ( p = 0.16), although Medtronic Talent had markedly higher mortality (35.3%) than Cook Zenith (15.2%) and Medtronic Endurant (15.2%). AUI configuration was associated with increased 30-day mortality (33.3% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.02). Long-term mortality and graft-related reintervention rates at 30 days and 5 years were similar between devices. Instructions for use adherence was similar across devices, but differed between the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and elective endovascular aneurysm repair cohorts (47.7% vs. 79.0%, p < 0.01). Notably, two patients who received Medtronic Talent grafts underwent open conversion >30 days post-endovascular aneurysm repair ( p = 0.01). Type 1 endoleak rates differed significantly across devices (Cook Zenith 0.0%, Medtronic Endurant 18.2%, Medtronic Talent 17.6%, p = 0.01). Conclusion Although we identified device-related differences in endoleak rates, there were no significant differences in reintervention rates or mortality outcomes. Favorable outcomes of Cook Zenith and Medtronic Endurant over Medtronic Talent reflect advances in endograft technology and improvements in operator experience over time. Results support selection of endograft by operator preference for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Tom Chapman and the Glasgow Punch
Authors: Goddard Jonathan Charles 
Published: June 2017

Thomas Lightbody Chapman (1903 – 1966) founded the urological department at the Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow. After travelling to the Mayo Clinic in America to learn the new technique of punch prostatectomy he brought that procedure back to Glasgow. The prostatic punch required skill to master but could be successful in the right hands. Chapman was a great teacher who used innovative techniques to educate his students in the skills of punch prostatectomy. These included a training model where the trainee surgeon could be observed punching out a phantom prostate and a cine-film using both live action and animation to demonstrate the technique. Keen to share his enthusiasm for the punch prostatectomy he organized a meeting of like-minded urologists, a group which became the Punch Club, a travelling urology club still active today. Tom Chapman was a colourful and dynamic individual, devoted to his work and his patients. His name will be remembered as being almost synonymous with the punch prostatectomy in Great Britain.
Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens core but not shell reduces motivational components of heroin taking and seeking in rats
Authors: Schippers Maria C. , Gaastra Mathijs , Mesman Tanja , Schetters Dustin , van Mourik Yvar , Denys Damiaan , Pattij Tommy , De Vries Taco J. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Deep brain stimulation is explored as a new intervention for treatment-resistant substance use dependence. A candidate brain region is the nucleus accumbens, due to its involvement in reward and motivation. This study aimed to explore effects of NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation on aspects of heroin taking and seeking in a self-administration model for rats. Methods: NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation was applied during 25 or 100 µg/kg/infusion heroin self-administration on an FR4 schedule of reinforcement and during cue- and heroin-induced reinstatement. In a separate group, effects of NAcore deep brain stimulation on heroin self-administration on a progressive ratio schedule and the first extinction session were examined. Results: NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation did not alter heroin self-administration on an FR4 schedule. NAcore deep brain stimulation decreased cue – but not drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, whereas NAshell deep brain stimulation did not affect reinstatement responding. In the second experiment, NAcore deep brain stimulation reduced responding during a progressive ratio schedule of heroin reinforcement. Finally, deep brain stimulation facilitated extinction from day 1 throughout the course of extinction learning. Conclusion: Taken together, the differential effects of NAcore and NAshell deep brain stimulation on heroin taking and seeking are in line with the distinct functional roles of these sub-regions therein. Conditioned cues have been shown to be very powerful stimuli for the persistence of addiction and relapse to drug use. Therefore, the present findings that NAcore deep brain stimulation decreases motivation for heroin taking and cue-conditioned behaviour and facilitates extinction learning are very promising, supporting the positive findings from clinical case studies.
Civil and forensic patients in secure psychiatric settings: A comparison
Authors: Galappathie Nuwan , Khan Sobia Tamim , Hussain Amina 
Published: June 2017

Aims and methodTo evaluate differences between male patients in secure psychiatric settings in the UK based on whether they are detained under civil or forensic sections of the Mental Health Act 1983. A cohort of patients discharged from a secure psychiatric hospital were evaluated for length of stay and frequency of risk-related incidents.ResultsOverall, 84 patients were included in the study: 52 in the forensic group and 32 in the civil group. Civil patients had more frequent incidents of aggression, sex offending, fire-setting and vulnerability, whereas forensic patients had more frequent episodes of self-harm.Clinical implicationsSecure hospitals should ensure treatment programmes are tailored to each patient's needs. Civil patients require greater emphasis on treatment of their mental illness, whereas forensic patients have additional offence-related treatment needs. Regular liaison between forensic and general adult services is essential to help ensure patients can return to appropriate settings at the earliest opportunity in their recovery.
Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants? Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden
Authors: Sundbom Lena Thunander , Bingefors Kerstin , Hedborg Kerstin , Isacson Dag 
Published: June 2017

Aims and methodTo examine gender differences in self-reported depression and prescribed antidepressants (ADs). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess depression, and information on prescribed ADs was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.ResultsDepression was reported by 11.7% of the participants (12.3% men and 11.2% women). ADs were prescribed for 7.6% of the participants (5.3% men, 9.8% women). Among men, 1.8% reported depression and used ADs, 10.5% reported depression but did not use ADs, and 3.6% used ADs but did not report depression. The corresponding figures for women were 2.6%, 8.6% and 7.2%.Clinical implicationsMen report depression to a greater extent than women but are prescribed ADs to a lesser extent, possibly a sign of under-treatment. Women are prescribed ADs without reporting depression more often than men, possibly a sign of over-treatment. Although the causes remain unclear, diagnostic and treatment guidelines should benefit from considering gender differences in these respects.
Adherence to NICE guidance on lifestyle advice for people with schizophrenia: A survey
Authors: Swaby Lizzie , Hind Daniel , Gossage-Worrall Rebecca , Shiers David , Mitchell Jonathan , Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: June 2017

Aims and methodThe STEPWISE trial (STructured lifestyle Education for People WIth SchizophrEnia, schizoaffective disorder and first episode psychosis) is currently evaluating a lifestyle education programme in addition to usual care. However, it is difficult to define what constitutes ‘usual care’. We aimed to define ‘usual care’ for lifestyle management in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and first-episode psychosis in STEPWISE study sites. Ten National Health Service (NHS) mental health trusts participated in a bespoke survey based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance.ResultsEight trusts reported offering lifestyle education programmes and nine offered smoking cessation support. Reported recording of biomedical measures varied.Clinical implicationsAlthough recommended by NICE, lifestyle education programmes are not consistently offered across UK NHS mental health trusts. This highlights missed opportunities to improve the physical health of people with psychotic illness. Our survey benchmarks ‘usual care’ for the STEPWISE study, against which changes can be measured. Furthermore, future studies will be able to identify whether any progress in clinical practice has been made towards achieving the NICE recommendations.
Chronic Mild Stress Causes Bone Loss via an Osteoblast-Specific Glucocorticoid-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Henneicke Holger , Li Jingbao , Kim Sarah , Gasparini Sylvia J. , Seibel Markus J. , Zhou Hong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Chronic stress and depression are associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal signaling cascade and considered a risk factor for bone loss and fractures. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between stress and poor bone health are unclear. Using a transgenic (tg) mouse model in which glucocorticoid signaling is selectively disrupted in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes [11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2)OB-tg mice], the present study examines the impact of chronic stress on skeletal metabolism and structure. Eight-week-old male and female HSD2OB-tg mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) for the duration of 4 weeks. At the endpoint, L3 vertebrae and tibiae were analyzed by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry, and bone turnover was measured biochemically. Compared with nonstressed controls, exposure to CMS caused an approximately threefold increase in serum corticosterone concentrations in WT and HSD2OB-tg mice of both genders. Compared with controls, CMS resulted in loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass in male WT mice but not in male HSD2OB-tg littermates. Furthermore, both tibial cortical area and area fraction were reduced in stressed WT but not in stressed HSD2OB-tg male mice. Osteoclast activity and bone resorption marker were increased in WT males following CMS, features absent in HSD2OB-tg males. Interestingly, CMS had little effect on vertebral and long-bone structural parameters in female mice. We conclude that in male mice, bone loss during CMS is mediated via enhanced glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts (and osteocytes) and subsequent activation of osteoclasts. Female mice appear resistant to the skeletal effects of CMS.
Partograph initiation and completion: a criteria-based audit study in Uganda
Authors: Namwaya Ziidah , Birungi Susan , Namutebi Elizabeth , Ayebare Elizabeth , Namutebi Mariam , Muwanguzi Sarah , Mwebaza Enid , Smyth Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

Background: Although it is a cost effective tool in labour management, the partograph is not always used appropriately. The aim of this audit was to assess the initiation and completion of the partograph for women in labour at Mulago Hospital. Methods: A criteria-based audit was conducted, using patients’ files and delivery records from February to May 2016. A checklist was used to gather data and descriptive statistics computed. Findings: Of 7170 files, 256 (3.57%) had the partograph initiated. The recording of maternal wellbeing was low. For example, pulse was recorded in 20% of cases and blood pressure in 35%. Recording of vaginal examination results was 90% on admission but reduced to 57% in the first stage of labour. Similarly, recording of fetal heart rate in the first stage of labour was 62%. Conclusions: Partograph initiation was unacceptably low. Maternal well-being documentation was generally low compared to the set standard. There is need to strengthen the use of a partograph to improve care during labour
Exploring community midwives' perceptions of their work experience after deployment in the rural areas of Chitral, Pakistan
Authors: Jaffer Mehtab Qutbuddin , Jan Rafat , Kaufman Karyn , Lakhani Arusa , Shahid Shahnaz 
Published: June 2017

Aims: To explore the perceptions of community midwives about their work experiences after deployment in the rural settings of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was used, conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 community midwives. Findings: The three major themes that emerged from the analysis of the data were: (1) rural community midwives' perceptions of their role and competencies, (2) factors facilitating and hindering the rural community midwives' ability to function, and (3) continuation of community midwives' services in the future. Conclusions: The study findings highlighted the factors that empower and obstruct community midwives in providing services in rural areas. The majority of the community midwives felt empowered because of their increased earning capacity and enhanced competencies in performing their roles. However, some of them shared challenges in terms of socio-cultural and financial constraints. These findings have important implications for midwives working in rural areas.
Quando a escultura transborda – entrevista com Carlos Valverde
Authors: Bonfim Carolina Felice 
Published: June 2017

Tempo, metodologia, técnica, referentes, pesquisa, reflexão, diário de bordo, tentativas, anotações, making of, entre outros, são elementos próprios da prática artística que, na maioria das vezes, não estão explicitados ao público. O que há por trás de uma obra de arte? Interessada pelos processos artísticos e no relato em primeira pessoa, convido o artista espanhol Carlos Valverde para compartilhar os procedimentos utilizados no seu trabalho, bem como as motivações/inquietações de uma obra que gira em torno de uma reflexão sobre corpo, objeto e espaço.

ABSTRACT
Time, methodology, skill, models, research, reflection, logbook, attempts, notes, making of, and so forth, are elements related to the art practice that are mostly unknown to the public. What is behind an artwork? Interested on artistic processes and first-person accounts, I am inviting the Spanish artist Carlos Valverde to share the procedures used in his work as well as the motivations/concerns of a work that moves around a reflection on body, object and space.

KEYWORDS
Contemporary art, Sculpture, empowerment of the spectator, artistic practice.