bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The functional anatomy of the cerebrocerebellar circuit: A review and new concepts
Authors: Benagiano Vincenzo , Rizzi Anna , Lorusso Loredana , Flace Paolo , Saccia Matteo , Cagiano Raffaele , Ribatti Domenico , Roncali Luisa , Ambrosi Glauco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe cerebrocerebellar circuit is a feedback circuit that bidirectionally connects the neocortex and the cerebellum. According to the classic view, the cerebrocerebellar circuit is specifically involved in the functional regulation of the motor areas of the neocortex. In recent years, studies carried out in experimental animals by morphological and physiological methods, and in humans by magnetic resonance imaging, have indicated that the cerebrocerebellar circuit is also involved in the functional regulation of the nonmotor areas of the neocortex, including the prefrontal, associative, sensory and limbic areas. Moreover, a second type of cerebrocerebellar circuit, bidirectionally connecting the hypothalamus and the cerebellum, has been detected, being specifically involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic functions. This review analyzes the morphological features of the centers and pathways of the cerebrocerebellar circuits, paying particular attention to their organization in different channels, which separately connect the cerebellum with the motor areas and nonmotor areas of the neocortex, and with the hypothalamus. Actually, a considerable amount of new data have led, and are leading, to profound changes on the views on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the cerebrocerebellar circuits, so much they may be now considered to be essential for the functional regulation of many neocortex areas, perhaps all, as well as of the hypothalamus and of the limbic system. Accordingly, clinical studies have pointed out an involvement of the cerebrocerebellar circuits in the pathophysiology of an increasing number of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Semantic enhanced deep learning for image classification
Authors: Li Siguang , Li Maozhen , Jiang Changjun 
Published: December 2017

SummaryExtracting training data semantics mainly depends on manual annotation samples prepared in advance, and semantic mapping largely relies on the prior conditions in image classification. A majority of the data samples in reality are unlabeled data, which necessitates a more efficient way to extract image semantics in classification. Deep learning, as an advanced machine learning technique, has recently received significant attention from both the academia and industry. Deep learning has the potential to extract semantic features from images in an automated way to fill up the semantic gap. This paper presents 2 novel deep learning models (ie, stacked denoising auto‐encoder and convolution deep Boltzmann machine). A stacked denoising auto‐encoder builds on a stacked auto‐encoder but uses a denoising auto‐encoder to improve the learning quality. Convolution deep Boltzmann machine combines the convolutional neural network model with the deep Boltzmann machine. These 2 models are evaluated on CIFAR‐10 and STL‐10 datasets, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed 2 models outperform the original models in terms of both precision and recall.
High‐Resolution Absorption and Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra of (R)‐(+)‐1‐Phenylethanol. Confident Interpretation Based on the Synergy between Experiments and Computations
Authors: Santoro Fabrizio , Mortaheb Farinaz , Lepelmeier Jörn , Boesl Ulrich , Heiz Ulrich , Kartouzian Aras 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing density functional theory and its time‐dependent extension for excited states, the S0→S1 high‐resolution vibronic absorption and electronic circular dichroism spectra of (R)‐(+)‐1‐phenylethanol are computed and compared to experimental spectra measured in jet‐cooled conditions in the region within 1000 cm−1 of the 0–0 transition. The agreement between theory and computation is satisfactory and allows a confident assignment of several experimental bands in terms of fundamentals of different modes. Cases are documented for which the analysis of optical anisotropy factors, owing to their signed nature, remarkably enhances the possibility of a robust assignment of the experimental absorption bands. Computational analysis shows that the experimental spectra are dominated by Herzberg–Teller contributions and that the electronic circular dichroism spectrum and the anisotropy factors are also strongly modulated by the effect of Duschinsky mixings.
Complex effects of mammalian grazing on extramatrical mycelial biomass in the Scandes forest‐tundra ecotone
Authors: Vowles Tage , Lindwall Frida , Ekblad Alf , Bahram Mohammad , Furneaux Brendan R. , Ryberg Martin , Björk Robert G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMycorrhizal associations are widespread in high‐latitude ecosystems and are potentially of great importance for global carbon dynamics. Although large herbivores play a key part in shaping subarctic plant communities, their impact on mycorrhizal dynamics is largely unknown. We measured extramatrical mycelial (EMM) biomass during one growing season in 16‐year‐old herbivore exclosures and unenclosed control plots (ambient), at three mountain birch forests and two shrub heath sites, in the Scandes forest‐tundra ecotone. We also used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing for taxonomic identification to investigate differences in fungal species composition. At the birch forest sites, EMM biomass was significantly higher in exclosures (1.36 ± 0.43 g C/m2) than in ambient conditions (0.66 ± 0.17 g C/m2) and was positively influenced by soil thawing degree‐days. At the shrub heath sites, there was no significant effect on EMM biomass (exclosures: 0.72 ± 0.09 g C/m2; ambient plots: 1.43 ± 0.94). However, EMM biomass was negatively related to Betula nana abundance, which was greater in exclosures, suggesting that grazing affected EMM biomass positively. We found no significant treatment effects on fungal diversity but the most abundant ectomycorrhizal lineage/cortinarius, showed a near‐significant positive effect of herbivore exclusion (p = .08), indicating that herbivory also affects fungal community composition. These results suggest that herbivory can influence fungal biomass in highly context‐dependent ways in subarctic ecosystems. Considering the importance of root‐associated fungi for ecosystem carbon balance, these findings could have far‐reaching implications.
Cultural identity dynamics: Capturing changes in cultural identities over time and their intraindividual organization
Authors: Amiot Catherine E. , Doucerain Marina M. , Zhou Biru , Ryder Andrew G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportant life transitions – such as migration – have the potential to enrich one's sense of self, but they are also demanding and challenging. The current research investigates how cultural identities change and become configured over time among newly arrived international students and the social factors that predict these longitudinal changes. A four‐wave longitudinal study was conducted during international students' first year in their new country (N = 278). Multivariate hierarchical linear modeling analyses allowed us to unpack both baseline (between‐person) and intraindividual change (within‐person) effects. Whereas increased psychological need satisfaction via both the new and one's heritage cultural group predicted increased identity integration, greater discrimination (i.e., both at baseline and an increase over time) predicted increased compartmentalization and the predominance (categorization) of one identity over the others. Results are discussed in light of novel theoretical developments in the acculturation and identity change literatures.
Electrochemical Detection of Sialic Acid Using Phenylboronic Acid‐modified Poly(Diaminobenzoic Acid) Electrodes
Authors: Broncová Gabriela , Matějka Pavel , Němečková Zuzana , Vrkoslav Vladimír , Shishkanova Tatiana V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study is focused on the electrochemical detection of sialic acid (SA) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiometric approaches with the polymeric film derived from 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid (3,4‐DABA) and modified with 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (3‐APBA). The polymeric film derived from 3,4‐DABA was prepared using cyclic voltammetry at 0.5 M H2SO4 on a platinum disc electrode from 0 to 1.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl and characterized by FTIR‐Raman spectroscopy. It has been found that the polymerization process goes through the amino group and a free carboxyl group serves for the covalent binding of 3‐APBA onto the polymeric backbone. Both the electrochemical approaches independently confirmed the recognition of SA by APBA‐modified PDABA electrodes. In contrast to known electrochemical sensors in the literature, the APBA‐modified PADABA sensor for SA gave a response in the range from 0.025 to 0.998 mM at neutral pH using the EIS method. The decrease in the EIS signal of ca 12 % was observed after two weeks of intensive use. Importantly, the selective APBA‐modified polymeric electrode enabled the use of SA determination in artificial urine samples in a concentration range that is useful for diagnostic purposes, specifically 12–102 μg mL−1.
Designing Medical, Point of Care Sensors to Aid Health Care Providers in Diagnosing and Managing Diseases: Addressing Pertinent Issues and Some Contemporary Opportunities
Authors: Pendley Bradford D. , Lindner Erno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPoint of care sensors play an important role in clinical medicine and are used daily to guide clinical decisions. This paper discusses clinical considerations in designing such devices for both the diagnosis and management of diseases as well as two contemporary needs for sensor development.
The role of beach morphology on coastal cliff erosion under extreme waves
Authors: Earlie Claire , Masselink Gerhard , Russell Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractErosion of hard‐rock coastal cliffs is understood to be caused by a combination of both marine and sub‐aerial processes. Beach morphology, tidal elevation and significant wave heights, especially under extreme storm conditions, can lead to variability in wave energy flux to the cliff‐toe. Wave and water level measurements in the nearshore under energetic conditions are difficult to obtain and in situ observations are rare. Here we use monthly cliff‐face volume changes detected using terrestrial laser scanning alongside beach morphological changes and modelled nearshore hydrodynamics to examine how exposed cliffs respond to changes in extreme wave conditions and beach morphology. The measurements cover the North Atlantic storms of 2013 to 2014 and consider two exposed stretches of coastline (Porthleven and Godrevy, UK) with contrasting beach morphology fronting the cliffs; a flat dissipative sandy beach at Godrevy and a steep reflective gravel beach at Porthleven. Beach slope and the elevation of the beach–cliff junction were found to influence the frequency of cliff inundation and the power of wave–cliff impacts. Numerical modelling (XBeach‐G) showed that under highly energetic wave conditions, i.e. those that occurred in the North Atlantic during winter 2013–2014, with Hs = 5.5 m (dissipative site) and 8 m (reflective site), the combination of greater wave height and steeper beach at the reflective site led to amplified wave run‐up, subjecting these cliffs to waves over four times as powerful as those impacting the cliffs at the dissipative site (39 kWm‐1 compared with 9 kWm‐1). This study highlighted the sensitivity of cliff erosion to extreme wave conditions, where the majority (over 90% of the annual value) of cliff‐face erosion ensued during the winter. The significance of these short‐term erosion rates in the context of long‐term retreat illustrates the importance of incorporating short‐term beach and wave dynamics into geomorphological studies of coastal cliff change. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Isodesmic Reactions in Catalysis – Only the Beginning?
Authors: Bhawal Benjamin N. , Morandi Bill 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this perspective article, we discuss catalytic isodesmic reactions, a group of chemical reactions that proceed through the redistribution of chemical bonds – i. e. all bonds present in the starting materials are reformed in the products. These reactions are usually reversible and provide a complementary approach to the kinetically controlled strategies traditionally employed in chemical synthesis. To emphasize the power of these reactions across the molecular sciences, we present selected applications of these reactions in organic synthesis, chemical biology, biomass valorization, waste treatment, and materials science. We finally speculate that the development of novel catalytic isodesmic reactions beyond the “classics” (alkene/alkyne metathesis and transfer hydrogenation) holds great promise to solve crucial challenges in synthetic chemistry in the years to come.
Technology Smart Approach to Keep Drip Irrigation Systems Functional
Authors: Reinders Felix B. , Van Niekerk Adriaan S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInnovative technology that uses ultrasonic sound to clean drip pipes was developed to embrace the efficiencies offered by drip irrigation in order to preserve precious water resources and to get a return on the investment. The technology known as Greendrum technology uses only sound for cleaning and maintenance of drip irrigation pipes. It uses ultrasonic sound in a small body of water to effectively and quickly clean drip irrigation lines and pipes with ease. It is environmentally friendly and does not use any chemicals.Through testing by the Agricultural Research Council–Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ARC‐IAE), results were obtained and analysed that gave some insight into the performance of drip irrigation systems under field conditions and how effective the cleaning process of the Greendrum technology was.There was a tendency that the emission uniformity (EU) and coefficient of variation (CV) as measured in the field of all the dripper types, deteriorated over time.Greendrum dripline cleaning machine results showed that there was a 73% positive change in the CV of the dripper line from a bad CV of 10.6% to an excellent CV of 2.85%. As the drippers could not be cleaned in any other way, the Greendrum ultrasonic sound way was extremely effective and totally restored the drippers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanism for the red blood cell senescence clock
Authors: Badior Katherine E. , Casey Joseph R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLacking protein synthesis machinery and organelles necessary for autophagy or apoptosis, aged red blood cells (RBCs) are marked by circulating auto‐antibodies for macrophage‐mediated clearance. The antigen recognized by these auto‐antibodies is the major protein of the RBC membrane, Band 3. To ensure regulation and specificity in clearance, the molecular “clock” must mark senescent cells in a way that differentiates them from younger cells, to prevent premature clearance. Predominant models of Band 3 senescence signaling are reviewed, and merits are discussed in light of the recently published crystal structure of the Band 3 membrane domain. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(1):32–40, 2018
Hyperthermia enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells through ROS inducing autophagic cell death
Authors: Ba Ming‐Chen , Long Hui , Wang Shuai , Wu Yin‐Bing , Zhang Bo‐Huo , Yan Zhao‐Fei , Yu Fei‐Hong , Cui Shu‐Zhong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHyperthermia (HT) enhances the anti‐cancer effects of radiotherapy (RT), but the precise biochemical mechanisms involved are unclear. This study was aim to investigate if mild HT sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to RT through reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐inducing autophagic cell death in a mice model of HCT116 human colorectal cancer. HCT116 mice model were randomly divided into five groups: mock group, hyperthermia group (HT), radiotherapy group (RT), HT + RT group, and HT + RT +N‐acetyl L‐cysteine (NAC) group (HT + CT + NAC). After four weeks of treatment, cancer growth inhibition, rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured with MTT and JC‐1 assays, respectively, while ROS were estimated fluorimetrically. The relationship of these parameters to expressions of autophagy‐related genes Beclin1, LC3B, and mTOR was analyzed. Gene expression was measured by Real‐Time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). There were significant increases in ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in the HT + RT group. ROS levels in the HT + RT group increased more significantly than in any other group. In contrast, ROS levels in the HT + RT + NAC group were significantly decreased relative to the HT + RT group. The number of autophagic bodies in HT + RT group was higher than that of mock group. There were significant increases in the expression of Beclin1 and LC3B genes, while mTOR expression was significantly decreased in the HT + CT group. Treatment with NAC reversed the pattern of these changes. These results indicate that HT enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to RT through ROS inducing autophagic cell death.
Pharmacokinetics of Osimertinib in Chinese Patients With Advanced NSCLC: A Phase 1 Study
Authors: Zhao Hongyun , Cao Junning , Chang Jianhua , Zhang Zhenxian , Yang Li , Wang Jia , Cantarini Mireille , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOsimertinib is an oral, irreversible, central nervous system active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selective for both EGFR‐TKI sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. The study's (NCT02529995) primary objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of osimertinib and its metabolites in Chinese patients enrolled in China. PK was assessed following single and multiple doses of 40 or 80 mg osimertinib once daily. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR‐TKI‐sensitizing (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer and World Health Organization performance status of 0/1, who had progressed following prior EGFR‐TKI. Thirty‐one patients were assigned to treatment (40 mg, n = 15; 80 mg, n = 16), and 25 were included in the PK analyses set (40 mg, n = 12; 80 mg, n = 13). Six were excluded from analyses because of prior treatment with an osimertinib‐like substance. At steady state a flat PK profile with a low maximum–minimum plasma concentration ratio was observed. Investigator‐assessed objective response rate was 47% (7 of 15; 95%CI, 21.3–73.4) in the 40‐mg cohort and 75% (12 of 16; 95%CI, 47.6–92.7) in the 80‐mg cohort. Adverse events (AEs) leading to dose modification and treatment discontinuation were reported in 2 patients (6%) and 3 patients (10%), respectively. Serious AEs were reported in 8 patients (26%) and AEs leading to death in 1 patient (3%). Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis‐like event was reported in 1 patient (3%). Osimertinib PK in a Chinese patient population is well characterized and consistent with the global population, supporting the use of a once‐daily 80‐mg dose.
Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Drug‐Drug‐Disease Interaction Model of Rivaroxaban and Verapamil in Healthy and Renally Impaired Subjects
Authors: Ismail Mohamed , Lee Vincent H. , Chow Christina R. , Rubino Christopher M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCurrent dosing recommendations for rivaroxaban advocate dosage reduction in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment and avoidance of concomitant strong inhibitors of CYP3A or P‐glycoprotein. However, rivaroxaban dosing in patients with mild renal impairment taking concomitant moderate inhibitors of CYP3A and P‐glycoprotein is not addressed. To quantify the impacts of concomitant verapamil administration and renal impairment on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics, a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model system was developed and used to evaluate potential increases in rivaroxaban exposure and the consequent increase in risk of major bleeding. Data from a phase 1, drug‐drug interaction study were used to qualify the minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model system. Model‐based simulations indicate that coadministration of rivaroxaban with verapamil substantially increases rivaroxaban exposure across all renal function categories, resulting in an exponential increase in bleeding risk. Reduction of the daily rivaroxaban dose to 10 to 15 mg reduces the major bleeding risk below the designated 4.5% threshold in the majority of patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function. A reduction to 10 mg daily in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment provides additional risk reduction so that 90% of those patients fall below the 4.5% threshold. A risk threshold of 4.5% was selected because it is the median predicted risk in patients treated concomitantly with ketoconazole, which is contraindicated for use with rivaroxaban. Patients taking both rivaroxaban and verapamil should take a reduced daily dose of rivaroxaban to minimize bleeding risk.
Fault diagnosis in switched‐linear systems by emulation of behavioral models on FPGA: A case study of current‐mode buck converter
Authors: Bhattacharya Rahul , Kumar Subindu , Biswas Santosh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an Field‐Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)‐based fault emulation and detection framework for switched‐linear systems commonly encountered in power electronics. The proposed framework exploits high‐level behavioral modeling that maps analog functionality into fixed‐point architectures supported by FPGAs. This work is mainly concerned with modeling and validation of effectiveness of a fault diagnoser of a power converter much before its fabrication. The proposed concept of fault diagnosis at presilicon stage overcomes several reliability issues in power electronic systems and enables design and development of test resources, verification of test bed, and interconnecting circuitry at an early stage of the design. To illustrate applicability of this environment, well‐accepted fault events including hard and soft faults are emulated with the help of a nonideal model of a buck converter and a piecewise linear detection filter, which follow an observer‐based residual generation for fault detection. The paper also shows that the proposed method is equally applicable for detection of faults under unstable operation of the converter. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated through FPGA‐based simulation (or “emulation”) of a peak‐current‐mode–controlled buck‐type switching converter implemented on Xilinx Kintex‐7 FPGA in MATLAB/Simulink environment with Xilinx System Generator support. To the best of our knowledge, fault diagnosis in power converter by emulation of its nonideal model on FPGA is attempted for the first time in the literature. Experimental results show that power converter faults can be easily detected by monitoring detection filter residuals while some of the faults can be precisely identified.