bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisa Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro pada Proses Friction Stir Welding Alumunium 5052
Authors: Tarmizi Tarmizi , Prayoga Boy 
Published: August 2017

Friction stir welding (FSW) is solid state joining technique or the metal didn’t melt when joining process. This method is used the characteristic of the parent metal has not change. This process is widely used for materials, especially aluminum heat treatment usually must be done first before welding, FSW method invented by The Welding Institute W.Thomas from the welding institute (TWI). Friction stir welding process is used to alumunium 5052 T-0 to form butt joint as much as nine plate. Parameter which varied is pin design form with form triangle, cylinder and cone with screw. The next testing which includes the observation radiography test, tensile test, hardnest test and metallography examination. The results of the study that the variation of the form triangle screw, cylinder screw and cone screw cause hardness value and tensile strength increase and a decrease to triangle screw. Of variation this thesis hardness and tensile strength was highest in cylinder screw as big as 38.27 HV and 120.442 MPa.The microstructure results weld tool 2 (pin cylinder screw) produce finer grain structure than the tool 1 (cone with screw) and the tool 3 (triangle screw).ABSTRAK Friction stir welding (FSW) adalah proses penyambungan material dengan kondisi solid state atau logam tidak meleleh saat di lakukan penyambungan. Metoda ini digunakan agar karakteristik dari logam induk tidak banyak berubah. Proses ini banyak digunakan untuk material khususnya alumunium yang biasanya harus di heat treatment terlebih dahulu sebelum dilakukan pengelasan, metoda FSW ditemukan oleh W.Thomas dari The Welding Institute (TWI). Proses FSW dilakukan pada alumunium seri 5052 T0 dengan bentuk sambungan tumpul sebanyak 9 pelat. Paramter yang divariasikan adalah design bentuk pin dengan bentuk segitiga ulir, silinder ulir dan kerucut ulir. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian yang meliputi pengamatan uji radiografi, uji tarik, uji kekerasan dan pemeriksaan metalografi. Hasil penelitian bahwa dengan variasi bentuk pin segitiga ulir, silinder ulir dan kerucut ulir menyebabkan nilai kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik meningkat serta terjadi penurunan pada pin segitiga ulir. Hasil kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik tertinggi terdapat pada silinder ulir sebesar 38.27 HV dan 120.442 MPa. Struktur mikro hasil lasan tool 2 (pin silinder ulir) menghasilkan struktur butir yang lebih halus dibandingkan dengan tool 1 (kerucut ulir) dan tool 3 (segitiga ulir).Kata kunci: silinder ulir, segitiga ulir, kerucut ulir
Pengaruh Anti Kempal Terhadap Daya Simpan dan Kinetika Umur Simpan Serbuk Ekstrak Sirsak
Authors: Junaid Lukman , Loebis Enny Hawani 
Published: August 2017

Soursop is a potential tropical fruit as raw material for food industry. To increase its value added, soursop need to be processed to extend its shelf life, by co-crystallization technique. The research aim was to define kinetics formula and establishing shelf life of soursop extract product. Shelf life testing is conducted for the product that processed using variety of variable of treatments anti-caking types: magnesium oxide (MO), magnesium carbonate (MC), magnesium silicate (MS), and temperature storage: 27°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C . The results showed that kinetics formula for the soursop powder MO, MC and MS were ln K = 3,963 - 2259 (1/T), ln K = 2,219 - 1651 (1/T) and ln K = 8,597 - 3636 (1/T). Based on the kinetics, the shelf life of product which is store in 27°C, were: 9.49, 7.44 and 6.91 months respectively. The variation of anti-caking type was significantly affect the product shelf life. Using anti-caking of MS and temperature storage 27°C will resulted in a longer shelf life 9.49 months. The effect of storage temperature on the product shelf life is more significant for the product using anti-caking MS compared to product using anti-caking MO or MC.ABSTRAKBuah sirsak merupakan buah tropis yang potensial dijadikan sebagai bahan baku industri pangan. Untuk meningkatkan nilai tambahnya, buah sirsak dapat diproses dengan teknik kokristalisasi, untuk memperpanjang umur simpan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan persamaan kinetika dan menetapkan umur simpan produk serbuk ekstrak sirsak. Pengukuran umur simpan dilakukan terhadap produk yang di proses dengan variasi perlakuan jenis anti kempal: magnesium oksida (MO), magnesium karbonat (MC) dan magnesium silikat (MS), serta suhu penyimpanan: 27°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C dan 45°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persamaan kinetika umur simpan serbuk sirsak MO, MC dan MS berturut-turut: ln K = 3,963 - 2259 (1/T), ln K = 2,219 - 1651 (1/T) dan ln K = 8,597 - 3636 (1/T). Berdasarkan persamaan kinetika tersebut dapat ditetapkan umur simpan produk pada suhu 27°C, berturut turut adalah: 9,49, 7,44 dan 6,91 bulan. Variasi perlakuan jenis anti kempal sangat berpengaruh terhadap masa simpan produk. Penggunaan anti kempal MS dan suhu penyimpanan 27°C memberikan masa simpan yang lebih lama yaitu 9,49 bulan. Pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap umur simpan produk lebih nyata untuk produk dengan anti kempal MS dibandingkan dengan produk dengan anti kempal MO atau MCKata kunci : umur simpan, serbuk ekstrak sirsak, ko-kristalisasi, anti-kempal
Pengaruh Iradiasi terhadap Tingkat Cemaran Mikroba Bahan Pangan Berbasis Aneka Sayur pada Skala Semi Pilot
Authors: Kadir Idrus 
Published: August 2017

Irradiation technology is one of the alternative technologies that can be used to improve the hygienic quality of food, including various food based on vegetables. Research has been conducted to determine the effect of irradiation on the level of microbial contamination of various food based on vegetables e.g. carrots, celery and mushrooms food. Assorted vegetables that have been cleaned dried by sun drying for 4 days weighed and then packed with plastic packaging polyethylene (PE) laminates, and then put in a carton box of a certain size. Various dried vegetables were then irradiated with a dose of 5 kGy and 7.5 kGy at doses rate 9 kGy/hour, and control (0 kGy) as a comparison . The results showed that a dose of 5-7,5 kGy irradiation is effective enough to reduce the level of microbial contamination dried vegetables 1-4 log cycle and on the irradiation dose levels of microbial contamination can meet the requirements of SNI . Thus , irradiation can improve the hygienic quality of various vegetable in order to improve the competitiveness of various dried vegetables commerciallyABSTRAKTeknologi iradiasi merupakan salah satu teknologi alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas higienik bahan pangan, termasuk bahan pangan berbasis aneka sayur. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi terhadap tingkat cemaran mikroba bahan pangan berbasis aneka sayur (wortel, seledri dan jamur pangan). Aneka sayuran yang telah dibersihkan dikeringkan dengan pengeringan sinar matahari selama 4 hari lalu ditimbang dan dikemas dengan pengemas plastik polietilen (PE), dan selanjutnya dimasukkan ke dalam kotak karton dengan ukuran tertentu. Aneka sayur kering tersebut selanjutnya diiradiasi dengan dosis 5 kGy dan 7.5 kGy dengan laju dosis 9 kGy/jam, dan kontrol (0 kGy) sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis iradiasi 5-7,5 kGy cukup efektif untuk menurunkan tingkat cemaran mikroba aneka sayur kering 1-4 log cycle dan pada dosis iradiasi tersebut tingkat cemaran mikroba dapat memenuhi persyaratan SNI. Dengan demikian, iradiasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas higienik aneka sayur kering dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing aneka sayur kering secara komersial. Kata kunci : aneka sayur, iradiasi, kualitas higienik, cemaran mikroba
Pengaruh Penambahan Perekat Tepung Sagu dan Bentonit Terhadap Briket Limbah Arang Tempurung Kelapa
Authors: Patandung Petrus 
Published: August 2017

The effect of the addition of corn starch adhesive and bentonite to waste coconut shell charcoal briquettes research are purposed to determine the effect of corn starch adhesive and bentonite waste coconut shell charcoal briquette with the variation of the concentration of corn starch and bentonite so it can produce briquettes that qualify as fuel. Design research method using the addition of corn starch and bentonite 3:2; 2,5:2,5 and 2:3 (w /w) g by using coconut shell charcoal waste 5kg with descriptive data analysis, while treatment has 5 (five) times repetation. The results showed that the range: 4.20 to 4.40% moisture content, ash 9.24 to 9.80%, from 0.63 to 0.68 density type g/m³, the missing part on the heating temperature of 950 °C 13,77 to 13.92% and the calorific value of 6728.15 to 6729.61 cal/g. Briquettes obtained can be used as an alternative fuel, using 700 g briquettes can cooked 5 (five) liters water, and it’s takes 45-56 minutes. The analysis showed that the best treatment is using corn starch and bentonite is 3:2, which produces a high enough caloric value is equal to 6729.61 cal/g.ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh penambahan perekat tepung sagu dan bentonit terhadap briket limbah arang tempurung kelapa dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perekat tepung sagu dan bentonit briket limbah arang tempurung kelapa dengan variasi konsentrasi tepung sagu dan bentonit sehingga dihasilkan briket yang memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan bakar. Metode rancangan penelitian adalah penambahan tepung sagu dan bentonit 3:2; 2,5:2,5 dan 2:3 (b/b) gram dengan menggunakan limbah arang tempurung kelapa sebanyak 5 kg dengan data dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan ulangan dilakukan sebanyak 5 (lima) kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kisaran: kadar air 4,20-4,40%, abu 9,24-9,80%, kerapatan jenis 0,63-0,68 g/m³, bagian yang hilang pada pemanasan suhu 950°C 13,77-13,92% dan nilai kalori 6728,15-6729,61 kal/g. Briket yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, dengan menggunakan 700 gr briket pemasakan air 5 (lima) liter memerlukan waktu 45-56 menit. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dengan perbandingan tepung sagu dan bentonit yaitu 3:2 yang menghasilkan nilai kalori yang cukup tinggi adalah sebesar 6729,61 kal/g. Kata kunci : Tempurung kelapa,limbah arang, tepung sagu, bentonit, briket
Deteksi Kanker Kulit Melanoma dengan Linear Discriminant Analysis-Fuzzy k-Nearest Neigbhour Lp-Norm
Authors: Mentari Mustika , Sari Yuita Arum , Dewi Ratih Kartika 
Published: August 2017

Abstrak
Seiring perkembangan teknologi dilakukan otomatisasi deteksi kanker kulit melalui citra dermoscopy. Pengambilan informasi fitur citra dermoscopy terganggu dengan outlier dan overfitting, karena faktor jenis kulit, penyebaran kanker yang tidak merata atau kesalahan sampling. Penelitian ini mengusulkan deteksi kanker kulit melanoma dengan mengintegrasikan metode fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN), Lp-norm dan Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) untuk mengurangi outlier dan overfitting. Masukan berupa citra warna RGB yang dinormalisasi menjadi RGBr. Reduksi dimensi dengan LDA menghasilkan fitur dengan nilai eigen paling menonjol. LDA pada penelitian ini menghasilkan dua fitur paling menonjol dari 141 jenis fitur, yaitu wilayah tumor dan minimum wilayah tumor channel R. Kemudian dilakukan klasifikasi FuzzykNN dan metode pengukur jarak Lp-norm. Penggunaan metode LDA dan Lp-norm dalam proses klasifikasi ini mengatasi terjadinya overfitting. Akurasi yang dihasilkan metode LDA-fuzzykNN Lp Norm, yaitu 72% saat masing-masing nilai p dan k = 25. Metode gabungan ini terbukti cukup baik dari pada metode yang dijalankan terpisah.
Kata kunci: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA.

Abstract
As the advancement of technology skin cancer detection need to be automated with the use of dermoscopy image. Outlier and overfitting are the problem in feature extraction of dermoscopy image, this can be caused by skin type, uneven cancer distribution or sampling error. This study proposed melanoma skin cancer detection by fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN) with Lp-norm integrated with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to reduce the problem of outlier and overfitting. Input used in this study are images with RGB channel, then it adapted to RGBr. Dimensional reduction with LDA result in features with highest eigen value. LDA in this research select 2 discriminant, they are tumor area and minimum tumor area in R channel. This features then classified by fuzzykNN with Lp-Norm. Integration of LDA and Lp-norm in classification can reduce the problem of overfitting. This study results in 72% accuracy when the value of p and k are 25. Integration of LDA and fuzzykNN with Lp-norm has better result than unintegrated method.
Key word: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA.
Validation of an In-Mold Multivariate Sensor for Measurement of Melt Temperature, Pressure, Velocity, and Viscosity
Authors: Gordon G. , Kazmer D. O. , Tang X.-Y. , Fan Z.-Y. , Gao R. X. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A multivariate sensor (MVS) is described for measurement of melt temperature, melt pressure, melt velocity, and melt viscosity. Melt pressure and temperature are respectively obtained through the incorporation of a piezo-ceramic element and infrared thermopile. Melt velocity is derived from the initial response of the melt temperature as the polymer melt flows across the sensor lens. The apparent melt viscosity is then derived based on the melt velocity and the time derivative of the increasing melt pressure. The response of the MVS is analyzed using an instrumented mold including piezoelectric pressure sensors, an infrared pyrometer, and thermocouples. A 12-run, blocked half-fractional design of experiments (DOE) was run to characterize the effect of melt temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure, and ram velocity. The results show that the MVS provides excellent measurement of melt temperature and pressure. The accuracy of the melt velocity estimations depended on the ram velocity set-point, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.91 for the lower ram velocities, and reaching saturation for melt velocities about 450 mm/s. The apparent melt viscosity estimated by the MVS are close to those predicted by the Cross-WLF model, exhibiting appropriate shear thinning but behavior but inconsistent temperature dependence.
Numerical Modelling of the Non-Isothermal Flow of a Non-Newtonian Polymer in a Co-Kneader
Authors: Sardo L. , Vergnes B. , Valette R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The co-kneader is a particular single-screw extruder with pins fixed on the barrel, interrupted screw flights, and a screw with both rotational and reciprocating motions. The co-kneader is principally used for its excellent mixing capacities. In order to calculate the flow in the co-kneader, we developed a simplified Hele-Shaw model which takes into account the mixing pins and the reciprocating motion of the screw. In this paper we describe the model and the effects of the reciprocating motion and the presence of mixing pins on the polymer flow.
Investigations on Blending and Foaming Behavior of Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Banerjee R. , Ray S. S. , Ghosh A. K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The interplay of screw speed and residence time during polymer blend extrusion profoundly influences blend properties. Herein, blends of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) and polystyrene (PS) containing 30% by weight PS were prepared at a constant feed rate but different screw speeds (50, 100, 200 and 300 min−1). The blend produced at 100 min−1 (B100) possessed a finer morphology, better mechanical and rheological properties, attributed to suitability of residence time and viscosity ratio. When batch foamed with carbon dioxide at 110°C and 100°C, all blends produced stable foams. B100 foams exhibited higher volume expansion ratio (VE) due to higher complex viscosity and storage modulus. When foaming was conducted at 35°C, all foams shrank. B100 foams possessed higher cell density, lower VE and showed faster shrinkage due to increased nucleation and hindered expansion by the finely dispersed stiff PS aggregates during selective foaming of the elastomeric phase.
3D Simulation of Nanostructures Replication via Injection Molding
Authors: Pina-Estany J. , García-Granada A. A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how and when 3D simulations are preferable over 2D simulations in order to predict the replicated height of nanocavities via plastic injection moulding. Simulations are necessary since not all the cavity is copied depending on geometrical and injection conditions. A 3D simulation is preferable over a 2D simulation in two cases: (i) when the heat transfer through the walls parallel to the simulated domain is not negligible and (ii) when the polymer final shape is relevant. This work explains when 2D simulations like the more commonly found in the literature are not enough to obtain reliable results and how to obtain such results by means of a 3D simulation.
Phonological Movement in Ukrainian
Authors: Teliga Victoria , Agbayani Brian , Golston Chris 
Published: August 2017

Extant accounts of scrambling in Ukrainian generally don’t extend past object- and other NP-related processes (Féry et al. 2007, Mykhaylyk 2010). Analysis of Slavic scrambling as XP movement (Corver 1992, Bošković 2005) runs into problems with split constituency, as does OT syntax (Gouskova 2001). Remnant movement (Sekerina 1997, Bašić 2004) runs afoul of Slavic data and theory too (Pereltsvaig 2008, Kariaeva 2009). Analyses that mix syntax with prosody (Antonyuk-Yudina & Mykhaylyk 2013; Mykhaylyk 2012) are more promising but also fail. Ukrainian scrambles only prosodic entities, ignores core principles of syntax, and respects core principles of phonology.The driving force behind the scrambling is not our focus here. It is generally assumed to be pragmatic in nature, based on things like topic, focus, and givenness (e.g., Féry et al. 2007). Fanselow & Lenertová have recently argued against this, however, and claim for most scrambling that ‘accentuation rather than informational status determines which categories can be fronted’ (2012:169); their findings support Chomsky’s (2008) view that information structure does not result in movement. We leave this to future research and focus here on which part of the grammar the movement takes place in. We propose that Ukrainian scrambling is phonological movement of exactly the sort found in Ancient Greek and Latin (Agbayani & Golston 2010, 2016), and similar to the more limited type found in Japanese (Agbayani, Golston & Ishii 2015) and Irish (Bennett, Elfner, & McCloskey 2016).
Mayak and the Typology of Labial Harmony
Authors: McCollum Adam 
Published: August 2017

Mayak (Western Nilotic) exhibits a pattern of regressive labial harmony that is typologically unique in that non-high vowels undergo cross-height harmony while high vowels do not. This pattern is exceptional under contemporary analyses of labial harmony. This paper demonstrates that harmony in Mayak is not exceptional, but rather necessitates a redefinition of contrast in terms of auditory similarity rather than abstract features. Moreover, it is argued herein that harmony is preferentially triggered by perceptually similar contrasts and also preferentially targets perceptually similar contrasts. A formal analysis using phonetically-enriched representations is able to account for the Mayak pattern. Under this analysis, syntagmatic identity is predicted to predominate the typology of labial harmony. A statistical analysis of harmony from a survey of over sixty languages corroborates this prediction. Thus, the analysis presented herein can account for the seemingly exceptional pattern in Mayak while maintaining key generalizations present in other contemporary analyses of labial harmony.
The First Ionization Potential Effect from the Ponderomotive Force: On the Polarization and Coronal Origin of Alfvén Waves
Authors: Laming J. Martin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We investigate in more detail the origin of chromospheric Alfvén waves that give rise to the separation of ions and neutrals—the first ionization potential (FIP) effect—through the action of the ponderomotive force. In open field regions, we model the dependence of fractionation on the plasma upflow velocity through the chromosphere for both shear (or planar) and torsional Alfvén waves of photospheric origin. These differ mainly in their parametric coupling to slow mode waves. Shear Alfvén waves appear to reproduce observed fractionations for a wider range of model parameters and present less of a “fine-tuning” problem than do torsional waves. In closed field regions, we study the fractionations produced by Alfvén waves with photospheric and coronal origins. Waves with a coronal origin, at or close to resonance with the coronal loop, offer a significantly better match to observed abundances than do photospheric waves, with shear and torsional waves in such a case giving essentially indistinguishable fractionations. Such coronal waves are likely the result of a nanoflare coronal heating mechanism that, as well as heating coronal plasmas, releases Alfvén waves that can travel down to loop footpoints and cause FIP fractionation through the ponderomotive force as they reflect from the chromosphere back into the corona.
Five Potentially Modifiable Factors Predict Poor Quality of Life in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Results from the Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Dean Linda E. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Jones Gareth T. 
Published: August 2017

Objective.A chronic inflammatory condition manifesting in young adulthood, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects both physical and emotional quality of life (QOL). To inform future intervention strategies, this study aimed to (1) assess the QOL of patients with AS, and (2) identify potentially modifiable factors associated with reporting poor QOL.Methods.The Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis collects clinical and patient-reported data on clinically diagnosed patients with AS across Scotland. QOL is measured using the ASQoL questionnaire [range: 0 (high) to 18 (poor)]. Potentially modifiable factors associated with reporting poor QOL (score 12–18) were examined using Poisson regression models, adjusted for a variety of demographic characteristics, plus various nonmodifiable factors. Results are given as risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI.Results.Data were available on 959 patients: 74% male, mean age 52 years (SD 13), median ASQoL 7.0 (interquartile range 2–12). Although many factors were univariately associated with poor QOL, 5 were identified as independent predictors: reporting moderate/severe fatigue (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13–2.28), poor physical function [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) ≥ 4: 3.46, 1.76–6.82], chronic widespread pain (CWP; 1.92, 1.33–2.75), high disease activity [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥ 4: 1.52, 1.09–2.12], and poor spinal mobility [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) ≥ 4: 1.52, 0.93–2.50]. For these factors, population-attributable risks ranged between 20% (disease activity) and 56% (physical function).Conclusion.We have identified 5 potentially modifiable factors independently associated with poor QOL. These findings provide evidence that in addition to traditional clinical targets (BASDAI, BASFI, and BASMI), focus on nonspecific symptoms (CWP and fatigue), perhaps with nonpharmacological therapies, may yield important improvements in QOL.