bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes
Authors: Senica Mateja , Stampar Franci , Veberic Robert , Mikulic‐Petkovsek Maja 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDElderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) possesses high antioxidant activity and has been used to treat numerous medicinal disorders. In addition to their antioxidant properties, elderberry parts accumulate toxic cyanogenic glycosides (CGG). It has been proven that altitude influences the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. In the present study we investigated the change of phenolics and CGG in elder leaves, flowers, and berries induced by different altitudes and locations.RESULTSThe data indicate that the accumulation of CGG and phenolics is affected by the altitude of the growing site. An increase of anthocyanin content was recorded in elder berries collected at higher elevations in both locations. Fruit collected at the foothills of location 2 contained 3343 µg g−1 anthocyanins as opposed to fruit from the hilltop, which contained 7729 µg g−1. Elder berries contained the lowest levels of harmful CGG compared to other analysed plant parts. However, more cyanogenic glycosides were always present in plant parts collected at the hilltop. Accordingly, berries accumulated 0.11 µg g−1 CGG at the foothills and 0.59 µg g−1 CGG at the hilltop.CONCLUSIONElder berries and flowers collected at the foothill were characterised by the lowest levels of both beneficial (phenolics) and harmful compounds (CGG) and are suitable for moderate consumption. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Increase of protein extraction yield from rapeseed meal through a pretreatment with phytase
Authors: Rodrigues Ivo M , Carvalho M Graça VS , Rocha Jorge MS 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapeseed meal is a good source of high‐quality vegetal protein but contains antinutritional compounds that limit its use for human and animal feed. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to enhance alkaline protein extraction of rapeseed meal and to produce protein‐rich products with low levels of phytic acid. Different phytase dosages and operating conditions were used for rapeseed meal pretreatment followed by alkaline extraction at different temperatures, time, pH and solid/liquid ratios (S/L).RESULTSThe highest protein extraction yield attained was 72.1%, for 2 h at 55 °C, with a phytase dosage of 0.8 U g−1 when the alkaline extraction was performed at 75 °C, pH 12.5 and 60 min for an S/L ratio of 10 g 100 mL−1 water. The extraction yields were higher than those previously obtained without enzymatic pretreatment.CONCLUSIONPhytase pretreatment enhanced alkaline extraction yield of proteins from rapeseed meal. This procedure allowed also the production of rapeseed protein concentrates with very low levels of phytic acid, ∼1 g kg−1, improving their nutritional properties and commercial value. Moreover, after the pretreatment, the amount of phytic acid in the remaining rapeseed meal decreases about 25%. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Multidimensional comparative analysis of phenolic compounds in organic juices with high antioxidant capacity
Authors: Nowak Dariusz , Gośliński Michał , Szwengiel Artur 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDA diet rich in fruit, vegetables and juices is associated with health benefit and reduced risk of certain civilization diseases. Antioxidant properties depend mainly on the total content of polyphenols and their composition. The aim of this study was to perform a multidimensional comparative analysis of phenolic compounds of organic juices with high antioxidant capacity (chokeberry, elderberry, cranberry, pomegranate).RESULTSAll the analyzed juices were a rich source of phenolic compounds. Chokeberry juices had the highest total polyphenol content (up to 7900 mg GAE L−1). These juices as well as pomegranate juice were characterized by the highest antioxidant capacity (∼5000 mg Trolox equivalents L−1). Other samples had lower total polyphenols content and total antioxidant capacity. Multidimensional analysis of the profiles of phenolic compounds showed that chokeberry juices differ from the other juices. Cranberry and pomegranate juices were similar to each other, and elderberry juice was closer to these samples than to chokeberry. The predominant polyphenols of chokeberry juices were anthocyanins (especially cyanidin‐3‐galactoside and cyanidin‐3‐arabinoside) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acid). Elderberry juice was an exception by having flavonols (quercetin derivatives) as the principal compounds.CONCLUSIONChokeberry juices were characterized by the highest antioxidant properties, which predispose them to further clinical research concerning the supporting cardiovascular disease prophylaxis. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers using acrylamide‐β‐cyclodextrin as a cofunctional monomer for the specific capture of tea saponins from the defatted cake extract of Camellia oleifera
Authors: Guo Huiqin , Xiong Jingjing , Ma Wentian , Wu Minghuo , Yan Liushui , Li Kexin , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2016

Molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized using mixed tea saponins as a template and acrylamide‐β‐cyclodextrin as a cofunctional monomer for the specific binding and purification of tea saponins from the defatted cake extract of Camellia oleifera. The adsorption properties of the prepared polymers were systematically evaluated including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and selective recognition characteristics. It showed that the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo first‐order kinetic model (R2 = 0.995) with an equilibrium time of 3 h, adsorption isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir–Freundlich model (R2 = 0.984) with an adsorption capacity of 14.23 mg/g. The relative selectivity coefficient (k´) in the presence of the analogues glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were 1.16 and 17.21, respectively. The performance of the molecularly imprinted polymers as solid‐phase extraction materials was investigated and the results indicated that using acrylamide‐β‐cyclodextrin as a cofunctional monomer improved both the adsorption capacity and active sites stability of the imprinted polymers. The solid‐phase extraction using the polymers as packing materials was subsequently applied for the separation of tea saponins in raw C. oleifera press extract, and targets were obtained with a purity reaching 89%.
Easy Access to the Characteristic Ratio of Polymers Using Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kokubo Shinsuke , Vana Philipp 
Published: October 2016

Ion‐mobility mass spectrometry is used for measuring single‐charged sodium cation (Na+) adducted polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG). The collision cross sections of PEG and PPG are measured in dependence of the number of monomer units per chain, which can directly be related to the value of chain stiffness, i.e., the characteristic ratio (Cn). The evaluation of the data according to the globule model, which assumes that the chain in the gas phase exhibits spherical dimensions, yields very good agreement with the literature‐known reference values and Cn of 3.96 and 5.76 for PEG and PPG, respectively, is obtained. The presented method, for which practical guidelines are also presented, is extremely quick and easy to perform and provides stunningly rapid access to the conformation data of synthetic polymers.
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Hybrid MRI‐Ultrasound acquisitions, and scannerless real‐time imaging
Authors: Preiswerk Frank , Toews Matthew , Cheng Cheng‐Chieh , Chiou Jr‐yuan George , Mei Chang‐Sheng , Schaefer Lena F. , Hoge W. Scott , Schwartz Benjamin M. , Panych Lawrence P. , Madore Bruno 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo combine MRI, ultrasound, and computer science methodologies toward generating MRI contrast at the high frame rates of ultrasound, inside and even outside the MRI bore.MethodsA small transducer, held onto the abdomen with an adhesive bandage, collected ultrasound signals during MRI. Based on these ultrasound signals and their correlations with MRI, a machine‐learning algorithm created synthetic MR images at frame rates up to 100 per second. In one particular implementation, volunteers were taken out of the MRI bore with the ultrasound sensor still in place, and MR images were generated on the basis of ultrasound signal and learned correlations alone in a “scannerless” manner.ResultsHybrid ultrasound‐MRI data were acquired in eight separate imaging sessions. Locations of liver features, in synthetic images, were compared with those from acquired images: The mean error was 1.0 pixel (2.1 mm), with best case 0.4 and worst case 4.1 pixels (in the presence of heavy coughing). For results from outside the bore, qualitative validation involved optically tracked ultrasound imaging with/without coughing.ConclusionThe proposed setup can generate an accurate stream of high‐speed MR images, up to 100 frames per second, inside or even outside the MR bore. Magn Reson Med 78:897–908, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Conventionality and Intentionality as Potential Contributors to Ideational Praxis in Japanese Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study with Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Hagihara Hiromichi , Shimo Saori , Matsushima Kanae , Kato Toshihiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIdeation is an essential central concept in sensory integration theory. The Test of Ideational Praxis (TIP) (May‐Benson, ) is the first instrument developed to specifically assess children's ideational abilities but qualitative differences of its performance are not well examined. The purpose of the present study was to explore the components of ideational abilities that influenced the TIP score or its developmental change. The TIP was administered to 119 Japanese preschoolers, aged 3–6 years. The demonstrated actions were categorized based on the scoring criteria, and scores were calculated by summing the number of actions. Correspondence analysis was conducted to summarize the data into several components. Results indicate that conventionality and intentionality are contributors to ideational abilities in preschoolers. Conventionality was significantly related to the development of ideation, while intentionality was significantly associated with the TIP score. These results suggest that action differences during the TIP, in addition to the score, may be helpful for interpreting the results of the TIP when it is used clinically. Although the data does not sufficiently explain these two components, the results add new evidence for understanding preschoolers' ideational praxis. Further research is needed on factors related to the TIP score and development of ideational abilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of extravascular lung water by ultrasound after congenital cardiac surgery
Authors: Kaskinen Anu K. , Martelius Laura , Kirjavainen Turkka , Rautiainen Paula , Andersson Sture , Pitkänen Olli M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackground: Lung ultrasounds show vertical artifacts known as B‐lines in the presence of increased extravascular lung water (EVLW). We aimed to investigate whether lung ultrasound could estimate EVLW after congenital cardiac surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study comprised 61 children (age range 3 days to 7.4 years) undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. We compared postoperative B‐line scores from lung ultrasounds, early postoperative ultrasound as our primary interest, with corresponding postoperative chest radiography (CXR) lung edema scores, with static lung compliance, and with short‐term clinical outcome interpreted as time on mechanical ventilation and length of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay. Results: Our findings showed lung ultrasound B‐line scores and CXR lung edema scores as correlating 1–6 hr postoperatively (r2 = 0.41, P < 0.0001), on the first postoperative day (r2 = 0.15, P = 0.004) and on the fourth postoperative day (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.008). The B‐line score or CXR lung edema score showed no correlation with lung compliance. We found that in multivariable analyses, with length of perfusion and presence of postoperative complications as covariates, both lung ultrasound (P ≤ 0.02) and CXR (P ≤ 0.002) 1–6 hr postoperatively predicted the length of mechanical ventilation and PICU stay. The interobserver variability was less for lung ultrasound B‐line score than for CXR lung edema score (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our results show that lung ultrasound in assessment of postoperative EVLW predicted length of mechanical ventilation and stay in the PICU, and it had less interobserver variability than CXR. Accordingly, lung ultrasound may complement CXR in assessment of lung edema after surgery for congenital heart defect. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:345–352. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DRESS syndrome in a patient with cystic fibrosis: A case report
Authors: Gohy Sophie , Froidure Antoine , Lebecque Patrick 
Published: October 2016

SummaryDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and severe side‐effect, mainly described after intake of anticonvulsants, allopurinol, or antibiotics. It usually begins within 2 months after drug introduction. Symptoms include cutaneous rash, hematologic abnormalities, and internal organ involvement and the diagnosis might be challenging. This case report illustrates for the first time this life‐threatening complication in a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this case, withdrawal of the offending drug was sufficient for full recovery. Clinicians involved in CF care should be aware of DRESS syndrome, as they commonly prescribe several potentially culprit drugs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:E18–E21. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of airborne respiratory syncytial virus in a pediatric acute care clinic
Authors: Grayson Stephanie A. , Griffiths Pamela S. , Perez Miriam K. , Piedimonte Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory illness in infants and young children, but this virus is also capable of re‐infecting adults throughout life. Universal precautions to prevent its transmission consist of gown and glove use, but masks and goggles are not routinely required because it is believed that RSV is unlikely to be transmitted by the airborne route. Our hypothesis was that RSV is present in respirable‐size particles aerosolized by patients seen in a pediatric acute care setting. Study Design: RSV‐laden particles were captured using stationary 2‐stage bioaerosol cyclone samplers. Aerosol particles were separated into three size fractions (<1, 1–4.1, and ≥4.1 μm) and were tested for the presence of RSV RNA by real‐time PCR. Samplers were set 152 cm (“upper”) and 102 cm (“lower”) above the floor in each of two examination rooms. Results: Of the total, 554 samples collected over 48 days, only 13 (or 2.3%) were positive for RSV. More than 90% of the RSV‐laden aerosol particles were in the ≥4.1 μm size range, which typically settle to the ground within minutes, whereas only one sample (or 8%) was positive for particles in the 1–4.1 μm respirable size range. Conclusions: Our data indicate that airborne RSV‐laden particles can be detected in pediatric outpatient clinics during the epidemic peak. However, RSV airborne transmission is highly inefficient. Thus, the logistical and financial implications of mandating the use of masks and goggles to prevent RSV spread seem unwarranted in this setting.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:684–688.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural products, their derivatives, mimics and synthetic equivalents: role in agrochemical discovery
Authors: Sparks Thomas C , Hahn Donald R , Garizi Negar V 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNatural products (NPs) have a long history as a source of, and inspiration for, novel agrochemicals. Many of the existing herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides have their origins in a wide range of NPs from a variety of sources. Owing to the changing needs of agriculture, shifts in pest spectrum, development of resistance, and evolving regulatory requirements, the need for new agrochemical tools remains as critical as ever. As such, NPs continue to be an important source of models and templates for the development of new agrochemicals, demonstrated by the fact that NP models exist for many of the pest control agents that were discovered by other means. Interestingly, there appear to be distinct differences in the success of different NP sources for different pesticide uses. Although a few microbial NPs have been important starting points in recent discoveries of some insecticidal agrochemicals, historically plant sources have contributed the most to the discovery of new insecticides. In contrast, fungi have been the most important NP sources for new fungicides. Like insecticides, plant‐sourced NPs have made the largest contribution to herbicide discovery. Available data on 2014 global sales and numbers of compounds in each class of pesticides indicate that the overall impact of NPs to the discovery of herbicides has been relatively modest compared to the impact observed for fungicides and insecticides. However, as new sourcing and approaches to NP discovery evolve, the impact of NPs in all agrochemical arenas will continue to expand. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐temperature mass spectrometric study of the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of samples in the Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system
Authors: Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Shilov Andrey L. , Sapega Vladimir F. 
Published: October 2016

RationaleThe Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system possesses a number of valuable properties that may be of use for various practical applications, both for obtaining new materials, e.g. optical fibers, and for replacing systems based on toxic lead silicate. Information on vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties obtained in the present study will be useful for the development of synthetic methods and approaches for modeling the thermodynamic properties of materials based on this system.MethodsHigh‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to study the vaporization processes and to determine the thermodynamic properties of the components in the Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system. Measurements were performed with a MS‐1301 magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using an iridium‐plated molybdenum twin effusion cell containing the sample under study and pure bismuth(III) oxide as a reference substance. Electron ionization at an energy of 30 eV was employed in the study.ResultsAt a temperature of 950 K, Bi and O2 were found to be the main vapor species over the samples studied. The Bi2O3 activity as a function of composition in the Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system was derived from the obtained Bi partial pressures. The excess Gibbs energy of the system studied was calculated at 950 K and 1273 K. The possibility of using the Kohler method for the calculation of thermodynamic properties in the Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system was illustrated.ConclusionsThe excess Gibbs energy of the Bi2O3‐P2O5‐SiO2 system obtained in the present study using the Knudsen mass spectrometric method at 950 K and 1273 K demonstrated significant negative deviations from ideal behavior. The excess Gibbs energy values calculated by the Kohler method were shown to be in good agreement with those obtained from experimental data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite anti‐disturbance resilient control for Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partly unknown transition probabilities and multiple disturbances
Authors: Li Yankai , Sun Haibin , Zong Guangdeng , Hou Linlin 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of composite anti‐disturbance resilient control is studied for Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partly unknown transition probabilities and multiple disturbances. The multiple disturbances include two types: one is in the input channel generated by an exogenous system with perturbations, and the other is belong to L2[0,∞). The first class of disturbances is estimated by designing a disturbance observer. Combining the disturbance estimation with conventional L2 − L∞ resilient control law, a composite anti‐disturbance control scheme is constructed such that the closed‐loop system is stochastically stable, and different types of disturbances can be attenuated and rejected. By using Lyapunov function method and linear matrix inequalities technique, some sufficient conditions for the desired controller and observer gains are developed. Finally, an application example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small Fractions of Muscular Dystrophy Embryonic Stem Cells Yield Severe Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Defects in Adult Mouse Chimeras
Authors: Gonzalez J. Patrick , Kyrychenko Sergii , Kyrychenko Viktoriia , Schneider Joel S. , Granier Celine J. , Himelman Eric , Lahey Kevin C. , Zhao Qingshi , Yehia Ghassan , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Bhaumik Mantu , Shirokova Natalia , Fraidenraich Diego 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by the loss of the protein dystrophin, leading to muscle fragility, progressive weakening, and susceptibility to mechanical stress. Although dystrophin-negative mdx mouse models have classically been used to study DMD, phenotypes appear mild compared to patients. As a result, characterization of muscle pathology, especially in the heart, has proven difficult. We report that injection of mdx embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into Wild Type blastocysts produces adult mouse chimeras with severe DMD phenotypes in the heart and skeletal muscle. Inflammation, regeneration and fibrosis are observed at the whole organ level, both in dystrophin-negative and dystrophin-positive portions of the chimeric tissues. Skeletal and cardiac muscle function are also decreased to mdx levels. In contrast to mdx heterozygous carriers, which show no significant phenotypes, these effects are even observed in chimeras with low levels of mdx ESC incorporation (10%-30%). Chimeric mice lack typical compensatory utrophin upregulation, and show pathological remodeling of Connexin-43. In addition, dystrophin-negative and dystrophin–positive isolated cardiomyocytes show augmented calcium response to mechanical stress, similar to mdx cells. These global effects highlight a novel role of mdx ESCs in triggering muscular dystrophy even when only low amounts are present.
Vakuummessung im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Iwicki Jaroslaw , Gottschall Sophie , Flämmich Michael , Bergner Ute 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeit der ersten Vakuummessung, Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts wurden vielfältige Methoden zur Totaldruckmessung im Vakuum entwickelt. Mit der breiteren Anerkennung der kinetischen Gastheorie im späten 19. Jahrhundert begann die Entwicklung verschiedener indirekter Messverfahren. Die bis dahin bei direkten Verfahren (wie z.B. Quecksilberröhren) bestehende untere Messgrenze verschob sich im 20. Jahrhundert vom Feinvakuum immer weiter Richtung Ultrahochvakuum. Das Kombinieren unterschiedlicher Sensortypen in einem Weitbereichssensor ermöglichte bald die Messung über erweiterte Druckbereiche — mit nur einem Gerät. Neueste, hier vorgestellte Entwicklungen in der Vakuummesstechnik sind ausheizbare passive Weitbereichssensoren. Sie vereinen optimierte Ionisations‐Vakuum‐Sensoren mit einer neuartigen Einbindung eines digitalen Pirani‐Sensors. Mit diesen ausheizbaren Sensoren gelingt erstmals die präzise Totaldruckmessung mit einem Gerät über 15 Dekaden hinweg — von Atmosphäre bis ins Ultrahochvakuum (10+3 bis 10‐12 mbar).