bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Lanthanide‐Dependent DNAzyme Cleaving 2′–5′‐Linked RNA
Authors: Zhou Wenhu , Ding Jinsong , Liu Juewen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRNA can form two types of linkage. In addition to the predominant 3′–5′ linkage, 2′–5′‐linked RNA is also important in biology, medicine, and prebiotic studies. Here, in vitro selection was used to isolate a DNAzyme that specifically cleaves 2′–5′ RNA by using Ce3+ as the metal cofactor, but leaves the 3′–5′ counterpart intact. This Ce5 DNAzyme requires trivalent light lanthanide ions and shows a rate of 0.16 min−1 in the presence of 10 μm Ce3+; the activity decreases with heavier lanthanide ions. This is the fastest DNAzyme reported for this reaction, and it might enable applications in chemical biology. As a proof‐of‐concept, using this DNAzyme, the reactions between phosphorothioate‐modified RNA and strongly thiophilic metals (Hg2+ and Tl3+) were studied as a function of pH.
Attaching Redox Proteins onto Electrode Surfaces by using bis‐Silane
Authors: Trashin Stanislav , de Jong Mats , Meynen Vera , Dewilde Sylvia , De Wael Karolien 
Published: March 2016

AbstractImmobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces is of special interest for mechanistic studies and applications, because of the well‐controlled redox state of protein molecules at a polarized electrode and fast electron‐transfer kinetics that are free from diffusion limitation. Here, bis‐organosilane [1,2‐bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane] was used as a fresh solution in a pH 7 phosphate buffer without the use of any organic solvent, sol‐gel, or mesoporous bulk matrix. A short aging period of 30 min before deposition on the electrodes was optimal for the immobilization of proteins. Three redox proteins (cytochrome c, neuroglobin, and GLB‐12) were confined to the gold surface of electrodes with high coverages and stabilities, indicating that the suggested technique is simple, efficient, and generic in nature.
Fluorinated Hyperbranched Cyclotriphosphazene Simultaneously Enhances the Safety and Electrochemical Performance of High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Choon‐Ki , Shin Dong‐Seon , Kim Ko‐Eun , Shin Kyomin , Woo Jung‐Je , Kim Saheum , Hong Sung You , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are being developed, their thermal stability problems become more apparent. In spite of elaborate precautions, exothermic reactions between electrolytes and electrode materials at elevated temperatures can lead to battery explosion. In this study, we introduce a novel flame‐retardant additive with a fluorinated hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene structure for high‐voltage LIBs. Along with the effective reduction of flammability, it enhances the electrochemical performance by generating a thermally and electrochemically stable solid electrolyte interphase on both the cathode and the anode, which is rare for conventional additives. In full cells composed of a 5 V‐class spinel cathode and a graphite anode with practical‐level mass loading, this new additive demonstrates significant improvements in discharge capacity retention and coulombic efficiency during cycle testing.
How novel actors achieve a positive reputation: A case of prep schools with elite‐level hockey programs
Authors: Washington Marvin , Edwards Jonathon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow are novel organizations able to build a positive reputation while attempting to enter into a system with established organizations? To address this, we examined the field of elite‐level amateur hockey. Private Secondary Schools (PSS) are novel in that they offer a nontraditional pathway for players with respect to fielding elite‐level hockey teams. Findings from interviews with PSS with elite‐level hockey programs revealed that PSS highlight their Selection Processes, Player Development Practices, and the enhanced Player Experience in an effort to build a positive reputation. This study contributes to the literature on reputation by showing that novel organizations can build a reputation through highlighting the unique value they add. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe3O4 Anisotropic Nanostructures in Hydrogels: Efficient Catalysts for the Rapid Removal of Organic Dyes from Wastewater
Authors: Gao Yang , Hu Chen , Zheng Wen Jiang , Yang Sen , Li Fei , Sun Shao Dong , Zrínyi Miklós , Osada Yoshihito , Yang Zhi Mao , Chen Yong Mei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFe3O4 anisotropic nanostructures that exhibit excellent catalytic performance are rarely used to catalyze Fenton‐like reactions because of the inevitable drawbacks resulting from traditional preparation methods. In this study, a facile, nontoxic, water‐based approach is developed for directly regulating a series of anisotropic morphologies of Fe3O4 nanostructures in a hydrogel matrix. In having the advantages of both the catalytic activity of Fe3O4 and the adsorptive capacity of an anionic polymer network, the hybrid nanocomposites have the capability to effect the rapid removal of cationic dyes, such as methylene blue, from water samples. Perhaps more interestingly, hybrid nanocomposites loaded with Fe3O4 nanorods exhibit the highest catalytic activity compared to those composed of nanoneedles and nanooctahedra, revealing the important role of nanostructure morphology. By means of scanning electrochemical microscopy, it is revealed that Fe3O4 nanorods can efficiently catalyze H2O2 decomposition and thus generate more free radicals (.OH, .HO2) for methylene blue degradation, which might account for their high catalytic activity.
A Highly Sensitive Luminescent Dye@MOF Composite for Probing Different Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Zheng Jun‐Ping , Ou Sha , Zhao Min , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe probing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is critical and challenging in biotechnology and environmental monitoring. Incorporation of luminescent moieties into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has produced many unique luminescent sensors for probing different VOCs. The emissions of most MOF sensors are based mainly on the single transitions of luminescent moieties, so the luminescence readouts are only predominant for some special VOCs. We use a natural amino acid derivative as the luminescent moiety to result in a lamellar coordination polymer, and further embed luminescent dye molecules in the crystal matrix to result in a luminescent dye@MOF sensor. The composite sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity for decoding different VOCs with clearly differentiable fluorescence emission by tuning the energy transfer efficiency from the organic ligand to the dye moieties. The composite luminescent sensor is self‐calibrated, and much more stable and instantaneous than other more widely explored luminescent sensors.
Proficient selection of gateway and base station by adroit algorithm in cloud‐VMesh network
Authors: Dharanyadevi P. , Venkatalakshmi K. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryCloud computing is alluring for the vehicular mesh (VMesh) network. Cloud computing stipulates the computing resources and services on demand using the Internet. The VMesh network is a type of networking where each vehicle must not only capture and disseminate its own data but also serve as a gateway for another vehicle. The cloud‐VMesh network is a convergent technology encompassed of three key technologies, namely, vehicular mesh network, cloud computing, and networking. In this paper, we propose a new routing algorithm for cloud‐VMesh network, dubbed as adroit algorithm. The proposed adroit algorithm addresses the choosing of an optimal gateway and base station in the network layer from and to the service requesters and cloud server. The simulation study shows that the adroit algorithm augments the routing issues such as delay, packet loss, congestion and deployment cost in the cloud‐VMesh network, and it is justified based on the packet delivery ratio, average response time, routing overhead ratio, and packet collision ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that the adroit algorithm outperforms the existing protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of non‐neoplastic adrenal pathology
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Dey Pranab 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe incidence of many fungal and parasitic lesions are on the rise over the last few decades. In this study, we have analyzed the spectrum of non‐malignant lesions in adrenal gland diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in a tertiary health care center.MethodsFNAB of the adrenal gland was done under CT (4 cases) and ultrasound guidance (11 cases). In six cases, the lesions were present in both the adrenal glands. Special stains were done whenever needed. No complications were encountered in any of the FNAB procedure. Detailed cytomorphological study was done along with clinical history.ResultsThere were total of 15 cases comprising of 5 tuberculosis, 5 Histoplasma, 2 acute inflammation, 2 granulomatous inflammation, and 1 myelolipoma. Acid fast bacilli positive on Ziehl Neelsen stain were labeled as mycobacterial infection possibly tuberculosis. The capsule of Histoplasma was bright pink on Periodic Acid Schiff stain.ConclusionsFNAB is an easy, reliable, and minimally invasive method to diagnose and categorize the various benign non‐neoplastic diseases of adrenal gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:472–476. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Little or no gene flow despite F1hybrids at two interspecific contact zones
Authors: Mckean Natasha E. , Trewick Steven A. , Morgan‐Richards Mary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHybridization can create the selective force that promotes assortative mating but hybridization can also select for increased hybrid fitness. Gene flow resulting from hybridization can increase genetic diversity but also reduce distinctiveness. Thus the formation of hybrids has important implications for long‐term species coexistence. This study compares the interaction between the tree wētāHemideina thoracicaand its two neighboring species;H. crassidensandH. trewicki. We examined the ratio of parent and hybrid forms in natural areas of sympatry. Individuals with intermediate phenotype were confirmed as first generation hybrids using nine independent genetic markers. Evidence of gene flow from successful hybridization was sought from the distribution of morphological and genetic characters. Both species pairs appear to be largely retaining their own identity where they live in sympatry, each with a distinct karyotype.Hemideina thoracicaandH. trewickiare probably reproductively isolated, with sterile F1hybrids. This species pair shows evidence of niche differences with adult size and timing of maturity differing whereHemideina thoracicais sympatric withH. trewicki. In contrast, evidence of a low level of introgression was detected in phenotypes and genotypes whereH. thoracicaandH. crassidensare sympatric. We found no evidence of size divergence although color traits in combination with hind tibia spines reliably distinguish the two species. This species pair show a bimodal hybrid zone in the absence of assortative mating and possible sexual exclusion byH. thoracicamales in the formation of F1hybrids.
A DFT Insight on LnPu+(L = C4H4, C5H5, C6H6;n= 1–3) Complexes: Nature of Interactions and Electronic Spectroscopy
Authors: Du Jiguang , Jiang Gang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe structures, bonding nature, and electronic spectra of Pu+–hydrocarbon complexes were investigated by using DFT. Our results indicate that electron promotion from 7s to 6d orbitals occurs when the Pu+ion is involved in chemical bonding. Nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values and electron localization function (ELF) analyses suggest that Pu+C5H5is aromatic and shows a large reinforcement of the ring delocalization. The weakly covalent characters of Pu+–C bonds were revealed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) topological analyses. Simulated electronic spectra show that the absorption bands are localized at 200–500 nm and are mainly attributed to the Pu(f)→Pu(d) transition or LMCT.
Corrosion‐Resistant Hybrid Nanoparticles of Polydimethylsiloxane@Fe Obtained by Thermolysis of Fe(CO)5
Authors: Aouat Yohann , Marom Gad , Avnir David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, in the presence of small amounts of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) leads to a hybrid aggregate of pure nanosized (about 10 nm) zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (PDMS@Fe) with remarkable corrosion‐resistance properties even after three months of immersion in saline solution. Various tests, including potentiodynamic polarization measurements and impedance spectroscopy, were carried out in a 3.5 wt.‐% NaCl solution; the results indicate a corrosion protection efficiency (η, %) of up to 99.7 % and an iron corrosion rate estimation of 3 µm per year. Detailed characterization of the materials, including Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements, was used to provide a mechanism for the remarkable corrosion inhibition properties of this PDMS‐doped iron nanohybrid.
Deep‐Red Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Chromophoric N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Photophysical Properties, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Lanoë Pierre‐Henri , Chan Jonny , Gontard Geoffrey , Monti Filippo , Armaroli Nicola , Barbieri Andrea , Amouri Hani 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of three deep‐red‐emitting iridium(III) complexes featuring a naphthalimide N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand was investigated. The introduction of this organic chromophore onto the carbene moiety changed the character of the lowest excited state from triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer to triplet ligand centered, as corroborated by time‐dependent DFT calculations. All complexes displayed a naphthalimide‐based deep‐red phosphorescence emission above λ = 630 nm in polymer matrix with good quantum yields (Φ ≈ 0.2) and long lifetimes.
Lipid quantification techniques for screening oleaginous species of microalgae for biofuel production
Authors: Hounslow Emily , Noirel Josselin , Gilmour D. James , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: March 2016

This review examines the available literature on quantifying lipids in microalgae suitable for biofuels research. It discusses their advantages and disadvantages, their prevalence in the literature, and draws conclusions about the best way to approach choosing a suitable lipid measurement technique for microalgal biofuels research. We conclude that the method must be chosen based on the following key criteria: (1) the level of detail required in the results, and (2) the amount of biomass that can be spared for the assay. This review establishes that no method can be used as a “golden standard” for all microalgae. However, we present a systematic decision chart to choose the best measurement method or combination of methods to provide a guide to those wishing to understand the differences between the myriad of lipid measurement techniques.Practical applications: This review will allow researchers new to the field to choose the most appropriate techniques for quantifying lipids in the microalgal species under study. The review is also intended to act as a gateway to the wider literature and will enable researchers to look in depth at a particular technique before carrying out experimental work.These two figures show contrasting results obtained from one set of samples using esterification with GC (left hand figure), and Nile Red staining with fluorescence measurement (right hand figure). The Nile Red method indicates a high accumulation of lipids over time in 0.3 M NaCl, whereas the GC method indicates the opposite pattern of decreasing FAME content over time in the high salt conditions (green line in each figure). The contrasting results highlight the problem of accuracy in lipid measurement, and how it is possible to be misled if only one experimental technique is used.
Production of Hydrogen‐Rich Syngas from Lignite using Different Pyrolysis Methods
Authors: Wang Qing‐dong , Wang Guang‐hua , Li Wen‐bing , Chen Biao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe efficiency of hydrogen production by the pyrolysis of lignite from Dongsheng in Inner Mongolia was investigated. Three pyrolysis methods, namely, temperature‐programmed pyrolysis, isothermal pyrolysis, and microwave pyrolysis, were applied and compared. The online analysis of the composition of the pyrolysis gas showed the effects of the different pyrolysis methods on the gas composition and the yield of hydrogen. The reasons were discussed on the basis of infrared thermography of the semicoke samples, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis. The microwave pyrolysis was improved by the addition of a shimming device to the furnace chamber. Consequently, the efficiency of hydrogen production by the pyrolysis of lignite was increased substantially, and the yield of hydrogen surged by 430 % compared with the yield for the original microwave pyrolysis.
Mercury concentrations in Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) and sediments in the Columbia River basin
Authors: Linley Timothy , Krogstad Eirik , Mueller Robert , Gill Gary , Lasorsa Brenda 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The accumulation of mercury was investigated in Pacific lamprey and stream sediments in the Columbia River basin. Mercury concentrations in larval lamprey differed significantly among sample locations (p &lt; 0.001) and were correlated with concentrations in sediments (r2 = 0.83). Adult concentrations were highly variable (range, 0.1–9.5 μg/g) and unrelated to holding time after collection. The results suggest that Pacific lamprey in the Columbia River basin may be exposed to mercury levels that have adverse ecological effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2571–2576. © 2016 SETAC
S1P prophylaxis mitigates acute hypobaric hypoxia‐induced molecular, biochemical, and metabolic disturbances: A preclinical report
Authors: Chawla Sonam , Rahar Babita , Saxena Shweta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is emerging to have hypoxic preconditioning potential in various preclinical studies. The study aims to evaluate the preclinical preconditioning efficacy of exogenously administered S1P against acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH)‐induced pathological disturbances. Male Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were preconditioned with 1, 10, and 100 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) S1P (i.v.) for three consecutive days. On the third day, S1P preconditioned animals, along with hypoxia control animals, were exposed to HH equivalent to 7,620 m (280 mm Hg) for 6 h. Postexposure status of cardiac energy production, circulatory vasoactive mediators, pulmonary and cerebral oxidative damage, and inflammation were assessed. HH exposure led to cardiac energy deficit indicated by low ATP levels and pronounced AMPK activation levels, raised circulatory levels of brain natriuretic peptide and endothelin‐1 with respect to total nitrate (NOx), redox imbalance, inflammation, and alterations in NOx levels in the pulmonary and cerebral tissues. These pathological precursors have been routinely reported to be coincident with high‐altitude diseases. Preconditioning with S1P, especially 1 µg/kg b.w. dose, was seen to reverse the manifestation of these pathological disturbances. The protective efficacy could be attributed, at least in part, to enhanced activity of cardioprotective protein kinase C and activation of small GTPase Rac1, which led to further induction of hypoxia‐adaptive molecular mediators: hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)−1α and Hsp70. This is a first such report, to the best of our knowledge, elucidating the mechanism of exogenous S1P‐mediated HIF‐1α/Hsp70 induction. Conclusively, systemic preconditioning with 1 μg/kg b.w. S1P in rats protects against acute HH‐induced pathological disturbances. © 2016 IUBMB Life 68(5):365–375, 2016
Gender Inequality, Female Leadership and Aid Allocation
Authors: Kleemann Linda , Nunnenkamp Peter , Thiele Rainer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper contributes to the aid allocation literature by assessing whether recipient countries with persistent gender inequality in schooling receive more aid for education. Furthermore, we analyze whether female leadership of the relevant ministries in the donor countries results in better targeted aid by directing aid for education to where girls receive less schooling than boys. Our empirical findings suggest that female as well as male leaders have rewarded countries with more years of schooling of all children, or specifically of girls, rather than allocating aid for education according to general or gender‐specific needs with regard to schooling. Female leadership appears to have played a marginal role in the allocation of aid for education. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Governance, Gender Equality and Development: Past Achievements and Remaining Challenges
Authors: Ravnborg Helle Munk , Spichiger Rachel , Broegaard Rikke Brandt , Pedersen Rasmus Hundsbæk 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMost land governance reforms seek to enhance tenure security, encourage investments and thereby promote economic growth. Increasingly, land reforms attempt to secure women's and other vulnerable groups' access to land. This article reviews the extent to which gender equality in land tenure has been pursued in these reforms and examines the role played by donor cooperation. Despite significant progress in developing land legislation that upholds gender equality, implementation often does not follow suit, and women still face discrimination. Based on country case studies, the article identifies six challenges, which should be addressed to achieve gender equality in land tenure. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selection of promising sweet potato clones using projective mapping
Authors: Vicente Esteban , Ares Gastón , Rodríguez Gustavo , Varela Pablo , Bologna Franco , Lado Joanna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing demand for sweet potato in regions with temperate climates has triggered interest in the development of new cultivars. Breeding of this crop should consider sensory characteristics in order to meet consumers' expectations. This requires the application of simple and cost‐effective methodologies that allow quality evaluation from a sensory perspective.RESULTSWith the objective of identifying the key sensory characteristics of different sweet potato genotypes, two commercial cultivars and seven clones were evaluated during three consecutive years using projective mapping by an untrained consumer panel. This methodology allowed the discrimination of the genotypes, identifying similarities and differences among groups based on sensory terms selected by the assessors. Genotypes were differentiated in terms of texture and flavor characteristics (firmness, moisture, smoothness, creaminess, flavor intensity, sweetness and bitterness). Materials for future crossings were identified.CONCLUSIONSThe evaluation of the sensory characteristics of sweet potato clones and cultivars using projective mapping is a quick, cost‐effective and reliable tool for the selection of new advanced sweet potato clones with superior sensory characteristics compared to the reference cultivars INIA Arapey and Cuarí. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry