bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day‐to‐day variability of midlatitude ionospheric currents due to magnetospheric and lower atmospheric forcing
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Häusler K. , Wild J. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs known from previous studies on the solar quiet (Sq) variation of the geomagnetic field, the strength and pattern of ionospheric dynamo currents change significantly from day to day. The present study investigates the relative importance of two sources that contribute to the day‐to‐day variability of the ionospheric currents at middle and low latitudes. One is high‐latitude electric fields that are caused by magnetospheric convection, and the other is atmospheric waves from the lower atmosphere. Global ionospheric current systems, commonly known as Sq current systems, are simulated using the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model. Simulations are run for 1–30 April 2010 with a constant solar energy input but with various combinations of high‐latitude forcing and lower atmospheric forcing. The model well reproduces geomagnetic perturbations on the ground, when both forcings are taken into account. The contribution of high‐latitude forcing to the total Sq current intensity (Jtotal) is generally smaller than the contribution of wave forcing from below 30 km, except during active periods (Kp≥4), when Jtotal is enhanced due to the leakage of high‐latitude electric fields to lower latitudes. It is found that the penetration electric field drives ionospheric currents at middle and low latitudes not only on the dayside but also on the nightside, which has an appreciable effect on the Dst index. It is also found that quiet time day‐to‐day variability in Jtotal is dominated by symmetric‐mode migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tidal winds at 45–60° latitude at ∼110 km.
Morphological convergence in the pubis of slow‐moving primates and xenarthrans
Authors: Lewton Kristi L. , Dingwall Heather L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesDetermining the functional significance of pubic rami is important for reconstructing locomotor behavior of fossil species. The slow loris pelvis, characterized by long pubic rami, is unusual among primates. Long pubic rami may be related to increasing the moment arm of the abdominal musculature during ventroflexion after the termination of hindlimb suspension, which is a common component of slow arboreal quadrupedalism (AQ). Some extant xenarthran species are also slow AQ taxa, and provide an ideal group to test hypotheses of morphologically convergent adaptations to slow AQ.Materials and MethodsA model relating abdominal moment arms to pubic morphology is tested in three genera of slow‐moving xenarthrans (Bradypus, Choloepus, and Cyclopes) and two species of slow loris (Nycticebus coucang and Perodicticus potto), using a comparative sample of 37 species of primates and xenarthrans. Phylogenetic analyses of variance and regression were performed on pubic dimensions (superior and inferior pubic ramus length, pubic symphysis length).ResultsAs a locomotor group, slow‐moving xenarthrans and lorises share superior pubic rami that are longer than all other locomotor groups; at the species level, there is some overlap among slow AQ and non‐slow‐AQ taxa. Inferior pubic ramus and pubic symphysis lengths also differ according to locomotor category, but multiple comparisons among locomotor groups are non‐significant.DiscussionThese results support the hypothesis that superior pubic ramus length is functionally related to slow, suspensory locomotion by increasing the leverage of the ventral abdominal musculature, and demonstrates morphological convergence among two phylogenetically distant groups of mammals that have evolved adaptations for slow, suspensory locomotion.
Selective and Efficient Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide on Oxide‐Derived Nanostructured Silver Electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Ming , Trześniewski Bartek J. , Xie Jie , Smith Wilson A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, the selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide on oxide‐derived silver electrocatalysts is presented. By a simple synthesis technique, the overall high faradaic efficiency for CO production on the oxide‐derived Ag was shifted by more than 400 mV towards a lower overpotential compared to that of untreated Ag. Notably, the Ag resulting from Ag oxide is capable of electrochemically reducing CO2 to CO with approximately 80 % catalytic selectivity at a moderate overpotential of 0.49 V, which is much higher than that (ca. 4 %) of untreated Ag under identical conditions. Electrokinetic studies show that the improved catalytic activity is ascribed to the enhanced stabilization of COOH. intermediate. Furthermore, highly nanostructured Ag is likely able to create a high local pH near the catalyst surface, which may also facilitate the catalytic activity for the reduction of CO2 with suppressed H2 evolution.
Rephrasing Sue Bulmer's six‐style Port Moresby pottery sequence
Authors: ALLEN JIM 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn her 1978 PhD thesis, Sue Bulmer delineated a sequence of six pottery styles for the past 2000 years of Port Moresby prehistory. This aspect of her thesis became the standard reference for Port Moresby pottery for all Papuan researchers over the past 38 years. This paper considers the way in which Bulmer constructed this sequence from limited available data. A more recent analysis of another pottery sequence from the Bootless Bay site of Motupore now allows a rephrasing of the latter part of the Bulmer sequence (Styles III, IV, V and VI). These new data revise two accepted views: (1) that these styles were chronologically sequential; and (2) that these different styles reflected different Port Moresby manufacturing centres.
Langzeitverhalten geklebter Bauteile aus Holz und hochfestem Beton bei natürlichem Klima
Authors: Eisenhut Lars , Seim Werner 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHolz‐Beton‐Verbundkonstruktionen kombinieren die Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe Holz und Beton auf vorteilhafte Weise. Im Vergleich zur reinen Holzbau‐Lösung weist die Verbundstruktur eine optimierte Tragfähigkeit, ein verbessertes Schwingungsverhalten, einen höheren Schallschutz sowie eine größere thermisch aktivierbare Masse auf. Der Verbund zwischen Holz und Beton wird bisher üblicherweise durch mechanische Verbindungsmittel oder mittels Formschluss erreicht. Dies führt zu einem mehr oder weniger nachgiebigen Verbund. Durch den Einsatz der Klebtechnologie als Verbundmittel wird ein „starrer Verbund” erreicht und durch die Vorfertigung von Verbund‐Fertigteilelementen bleiben die Vorteile einer „trockenen Bauweise” erhalten. Die Fragen zur Herstellungstechnologie und zum Kurzzeitverhalten geklebter Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbauteile wurden am Fachgebiet Bauwerkserhaltung und Holzbau der Universität Kassel bereits in der Vergangenheit untersucht. Für die Anwendung in der Baupraxis fehlten jedoch Kenntnisse des Langzeitverhaltens. Diese Lücke wurde in den vergangenen drei Jahren im Rahmen des von der AiF geförderten Forschungsclusters „BestKleb” geschlossen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird von den Untersuchungen an Bauteilen und der Schlussfolgerung für eine baupraktische Anwendung berichtet.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of Trifluoromethylated/Perfluoroalkylated 2‐Quinazolinones with High Enantioselectivity
Authors: Zhou Bo , Jiang Chunhui , Gandi Vasudeva Rao , Lu Yixin , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAsymmetric arylation of 4‐fluoroalkyl‐2‐quinazolinone derivatives with arylboronic acids proceeded smoothly in the presence of a cationic palladium catalyst (1 mol %) coordinated with a chiral phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligand to create the corresponding fluorine‐containing arylated dihydroquinazolinones in high yields and with greater than 99 % ee.
Versuchsplanerische Untersuchung der Umesterung von Sojaöl mit Ethanol im Mikroreaktor
Authors: Ulrich Tobias , Borovinskaya Ekaterina S. , Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie basisch katalysierte Umesterung pflanzlicher und tierischer Fette und Öle mit einwertigen Alkoholen zur Herstellung von Biodiesel ist im diskontinuierlichen Betrieb ein etabliertes industrielles Verfahren. Der Einsatz von Mikroreaktionstechnik und die kontinuierliche Prozessführung tragen zu einer Intensivierung des Prozesses bei. Die Fettsäureethylester‐Ausbeute der mit KOH katalysierten Ethanolyse von Sojaöl im Mikroreaktor wird am stärksten durch das Ethanol/Sojaöl‐Stoffmengenverhältnis bei niedrigen Eduktvolumenströmen sowie durch die Reaktorgeometrie beeinflusst. Die Katalysatorkonzentration spielt hingegen eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Indazole, Pyrazole, and Oxazole Derivatives Targeting Nitric Oxide Synthases and Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Maccallini Cristina , Di Matteo Mauro , Vullo Daniela , Ammazzalorso Alessandra , Carradori Simone , De Filippis Barbara , Fantacuzzi Marialuigia , Giampietro Letizia , Pandolfi Assunta , Supuran Claudiu T. , Amoroso Rosa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is an essential endogenous mediator with a physiological role in the central nervous system as neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal nitrergic signaling is a crucial event in the development of neurodegeneration. In particular, the uncontrolled production of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is observed in several neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it is well recognized that specific isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) physiologically modulate crucial pathways of signal processing and that low expression of CA affects cognition, leading to mental retardation, Alzheimer′s disease, and aging‐related cognitive impairments. In light of this, dual agents that are able to target both NOS (inhibition) and CA (activation) could be useful drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer′s disease, aging, and other neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, we show the design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of new nitrogen‐based heterocyclic compounds. Among the tested molecules, 2‐amino‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐N‐(1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)propanamide hydrochloride (10 b) was revealed to be a potent dual agent, able to act as a selective nNOS inhibitor and activator of the hCA I isoform.
Replication of Polymer‐Based Peptide Microarrays by Multi‐Step Transfer
Authors: Striffler Jakob , Mattes Daniela S. , Schillo Sebastian , Münster Bastian , Palermo Andrea , Ridder Barbara , Welle Alexander , Trouillet Vanessa , Stadler Volker , Markovic Goran , Proll Günther , Bräse Stefan , Loeffler Felix F. , Nesterov‐Müller Alexander , Breitling Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPeptide microarrays serve as a high‐throughput tool for the readout of protein–peptide interactions. We present a multi‐step purification of high‐complexity peptide microarrays by transfer to specialized surfaces. Only correctly synthesized peptides are transferred from the synthesis surface to various substrates where they can be immobilized by a variety of different anchor molecules. Here, we demonstrate the transfer to rigid streptavidin, epoxide, gold, and azide surfaces. The reported method reduces the cost of purified peptide array production through the reproduction of one array several times.
Micronutrient composition and acceptability of Moringa oleifera leaf‐fortified dishes by children in Ada‐East district, Ghana
Authors: Glover‐Amengor Mary , Aryeetey Richmond , Afari Edwin , Nyarko Alexander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMoringa oleifera (M. oleifera), a green leafy vegetable, is a good source of minerals and vitamins which could be consumed as part of diet to improve human health and well‐being. Drying M. oleifera leaves could make it readily available for use as a food fortificant. The objectives of the study were to determine micromineral and β ‐carotene content of dried M. oleifera leaves, and leaf‐incorporated local dishes, and also assess school children's (4‐12 yr) acceptability of dried M. oleifera leaf‐incorporated local dishes and feasibility of introducing dried leaves into a school lunch menu. M. oleifera leaves were solar dried, milled into powder, and packaged into polythene bags. Moisture level in the dried leaves and pH were determined. Minerals in the leaf powder were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Beta‐carotene levels were determined by spectrophotometry. Acceptability tests of dishes fortified with M. oleifera leaf powder were conducted with score sheets (Smileys) on a 5‐point hedonic scale of “Like Extremely” to “Dislike Extremely”, and dishes ranked to determine preference. Dried M. oleifera leaves contained high levels of micronutrients: 0.36 ± 0.04 mg/100 g Copper (Cu); 5.80 ± 0.68 mg/100 g Manganese (Mn); 20.96 ± 1.37 mg/100 g Iron (Fe); 6.79 ± 1.82 mg/100 g Zn; and 21.42 ± 1.67 mg/100 g β‐carotene. The dishes showed significant levels of these minerals compared to the nonfortified dishes (P < 0.05). M. oleifera leaf‐fortified dishes were also highly acceptable to the children (highest mean score of 5.0 ± 0 of 5 and lowest of 3.50 ± 1.43 of 5). M. oleifera leaf powder contains high levels of the micronutrients β‐carotene, Zn, Mn, and Fe, comparable to levels found in amaranth and spinach. M. oleifera leaf‐fortified local dishes were well accepted by children in Ada‐East district. M. oleifera leaf fortified dishes could be good sources of β‐carotene and other minerals for children vulnerable to malnutrition in Ghana.
Migration of nonylphenol and plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride stretch film into food simulants, rapeseed oil, and foods
Authors: Kawamura Yoko , Ogawa Yuko , Mutsuga Motoh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNonylphenol (NP) has been suspected as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical. Japanese polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stretch films contained 0.5–3.3 mg/g of NP and 100–400 mg/g of plasticizers such as diisononyl adipate (DINA), di‐n‐alkyl adipate (DAA), and diacetyllauroyl glycerol (DALG). Migration of NP and plasticizers from PVC stretch films into food simulants (water; 4% acetic acid; 20%, 50%, and 95% ethanol; and heptane), rapeseed oil, and foods was investigated. Plasticizers migrated only in small amounts into aqueous simulants and foods, although they migrated at much higher levels into 50% and 95% ethanol, heptane, rapeseed oil, and fatty foods, whereas NP more easily migrated into aqueous simulants and foods. At 5°C for 24 hr, migration of NP into vegetable and fruit was 2.9%–6.4% of their contents, and that of DINA and DAA was 0.1%–0.3%. The migration ratios of NP into aqueous foods were much higher than those of DINA and DAA. The migration ratio of NP into fatty foods, such as minced tuna and pork, was 33% and 24%, which was almost similar to that of DINA and DAA. The estimated daily intakes of NP and DINA for Japanese individuals of those days were 35 and 1,050 μg, respectively, and should not be associated with any safety concerns.
Comparative toxicities of 3 platinum‐containing chemotherapy regimens in relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients
Authors: Tixier F. , Ranchon F. , Iltis A. , Vantard N. , Schwiertz V. , Bachy E. , Bouafia‐Sauvy F. , Sarkozy C. , Tournamille J. F. , Gyan E. , Salles G. , Rioufol C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOptimal salvage chemotherapy regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma remains unclear but often based on platinum regimens. This retrospective study assesses in real life the toxicities profiles of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma treated with DHA (dexamethasone, high dose aracytine cytarabine) plus platinum salt (dexamethasone‐High dose aracytine (cis)platin (DHAP), dexamethasone‐High dose aracytine carboplatin (DHAC), or dexamethasone‐High dose aracytine Oxaliplatin (DHAOX)), from February 2007 to May 2013 in 2 French hospitals. Toxicities were recorded from medical files and assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0. Potential risk factors of renal insufficiency were tested by univariate analyses. A total of 276 patients were treated: 168 with DHAP (60.9%), 79 with DHAOX (28.6%), and 29 with DHAC (10.5%). Rituximab was associated in 80.1% of patients (n = 221). Renal failure was reported in 97 patients, mainly with cisplatin regimen (86.6%) leading to 8.9% grade III to IV renal failure (P = .001). Renal insufficiency was reversible in most patients but remained persistent in 24, with all of them being treated with DHAP except 1. Cisplatin‐based regimen (50.0% versus 12.0%, P < .05) and female (44.6% versus 29.7%, P < .05) appeared to be at higher risks of renal failure. Platinum cumulative dose is a significant risk factor of nephrotoxicity. Hematologic toxicity was more frequent with carboplatin and cisplatin with at least 1 event (all toxicity grade) respectively in 79.3% and 71.4% of patients treated (P < .005). Auditory toxicity was mainly reported with cisplatin (n = 19; 4 grade I‐II and 15 grade III‐IV). Oxaliplatin was implicated in 77.6% of neurotoxicity (n = 59), mainly moderate (grade I‐II). In conclusion, DHAOX and DHAC regimens have more favorable toxicity profile than DHAP regimen. Their lack of renal toxicity makes them attractive regimens, which may be interesting for patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. Nevertheless, these results have to be confirmed by the therapeutic efficacy of these 3 regimens.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Television Watching Across Childhood and Adolescence Predict Bone Mass at Age 20 Years in the Raine Study
Authors: McVeigh Joanne A , Zhu Kun , Mountain Jenny , Pennell Craig E , Lye Stephen J , Walsh John P , Straker Leon M 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Sedentary behaviors such as watching television (TV) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The effects of TV watching during key developmental stages on skeletal health are uncertain. Hours of TV watching/week were recorded by parental or self-report at 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years of age in 1181 members (48% female) of a pregnancy cohort (the Raine Study). Participants were classified into one of three TV-watching trajectories (using latent class analysis): low (consistently &lt;14 h/week; 20.3%), high (consistently ≥14 h/week; 44.4%), or increasing (increased from &lt;14 to ≥14 h/week during adolescence; 35.3%). General linear models tested associations between TV trajectory and bone mineral content (BMC) measured at age 20 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for height, body mass, physical activity, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, alcohol, and smoking (all at age 20 years), males in the low TV-watching trajectory had greater BMC for whole body (mean ± SEM, 3338 ± 59 g versus 3111 ± 31 g), legs (612 ± 12 g versus 569 ± 6 g), and arms (234 ± 5 g versus 214 ± 3 g) than those in the high TV-watching trajectory. Differences between low and high TV-watching trajectories were similar for females. BMC in the increasing TV-watching trajectory also differed for both sexes, for example males in the increasing TV-watching trajectory had greater whole-body BMC (3252 ± 38 g) than males in the high TV-watching trajectory (3111 ± 31 g) but less arm BMC (218 ± 3 g) than those in the low TV-watching trajectory (234 ± 5 g). In this community-based cohort, consistently high TV watching during childhood and adolescence independently predicted reduced peak bone mass at age 20 years. Because attainment of optimal peak bone mass is protective against osteoporosis in later life, reducing sedentary time in children may have long-term skeletal benefits. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Semi‐Automatic Rating Method for Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Sugano Kanae , Hashi Kotomi , Goto Misaki , Nishi Kiyotaka , Maeda Rie , Kono Keigo , Yamamoto Mai , Okada Kazunori , Kaga Sanae , Miwa Keiko , Mikami Taisei , Masauzi Nobuo 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score is a valuable test for the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms, but it has still manually rated. Therefore, we developed a semi‐automatic rating method using Photoshop® and Image‐J, called NAP‐PS‐IJ.MethodsNeutrophil alkaline phosphatase staining was conducted with Tomonaga's method to films of peripheral blood taken from three healthy volunteers. At least 30 neutrophils with NAP scores from 0 to 5+ were observed and taken their images. From which the outer part of neutrophil was removed away with Image‐J. These were binarized with two different procedures (P1 and P2) using Photoshop®. NAP‐positive area (NAP‐PA) and granule (NAP‐PGC) were measured and counted with Image‐J.ResultsThe NAP‐PA in images binarized with P1 significantly (P < 0.05) differed between images with NAP scores from 0 to 3+ (group 1) and those from 4+ to 5+ (group 2). The original images in group 1 were binarized with P2. NAP‐PGC of them significantly (P < 0.05) differed among all four NAP score groups. The mean NAP‐PGC with NAP‐PS‐IJ indicated a good correlation (r = 0.92, P < 0.001) to results by human examiners.ConclusionsThe sensitivity and specificity of NAP‐PS‐IJ were 60% and 92%, which might be considered as a prototypic method for the full‐automatic rating NAP score.
The versatility of profunda femoral artery perforator flap for oncological reconstruction after cancer resection—Clinical cases and review of literature
Authors: Ito Ran , Huang Jung‐Ju , Wu Jerry Chih‐Wei , Lin Miffy Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe profunda feomris artery perforator (PAP) flap was recently revisited and gains popularity as an alternative method of autologous breast reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that PAP flap can be used reliably for reconstruction of various soft tissue defects.MethodsA total of 55 free PAP flaps and 16 pedicle PAP flaps were transferred in 63 patients. Each case was reviewed to verify a PAP flap was performed identifying defect location, flap size, flap design, and postoperative complications.ResultsSeven flaps in five patients underwent breast reconstructions, 48 patients underwent head and neck reconstructions using free PAP flaps. The mean perforator number was 1.9, and the average pedicles length was 9.7 cm. The majority of perforators were musculocutaneous, and the others were septocutaneous. The mean ischemia time was 121.4 min. Minor complications included wound poor healing, flap partial necrosis, and pedicle vessels problems. Sixteen pedicle PAP flaps were transferred in 10 patients for vulvar reconstruction. Minor complications included urinary tract infection, poor wound healing, wound infection, hematoma.ConclusionsThe anatomy and number of perforators of PAP flap are reliable with adequate pedicle length. This flap can be an excellent option for reconstruction of most soft tissue defects. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:193–201. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.