bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Issues: How Should Government Coordinate Farm Regulations and Policy?
Authors: Johnson Larry A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgricultural sustainability is an evolving process ever-seeking a balance between society's economic, environmental and social demands. Governmental policy and regulations while attempting to correct adverse externalities, have at times within themselves created adverse externalities. Failures often lie within the policies themselves, but poor coordination among government agencies is also at fault. This paper outlines a number of coordination issues and attempts to show how the empowerment of communities through ecosystem management is a partial solution to environmental degradation.
Developing Flexible Economic Thresholds for Pest Management Using Dynamic Programming
Authors: Harper Jayson K. , Mjelde James W. , Rister M. Edward , Way Michael O. , Drees Bastiaan M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe rice stink bug is a major pest of rice in Texas, causing quality related damage. The previous thresholds used for assisting in rice stink bug spray decisions lacked flexibility in economic and production decision variables and neglected the dynamics of the pest population. Using stochastic dynamic programming, flexible economic thresholds for the rice stink bug were generated. The new thresholds offer several advantages over the old, static thresholds, including increased net returns, incorporation of pest dynamics, user flexibility, ease of implementation, and a systematic process for updating.
The Adoption of IPM Techniques By Vegetable Growers in Florida, Michigan and Texas
Authors: Fernandez-Cornejo Jorge , Beach E. Douglas , Huang Wen-Yuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFactors influencing the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques are studied using survey data from individual vegetable producers from Florida, Michigan, and Texas. Farmers who adopt IPM tend to be less risk averse and use more managerial time on farm activities than nonadopters. Adopters are also more likely to operate large, irrigated farms and use more family labor. Locational factors and the type of crop grown are also influential in IPM adoption. The analysis uses a logit framework and introduces adopter categories first conceptualized by rural sociologists.
Determinants of Wholesale Beef-Cut Prices
Authors: Capps Oral , Farris Donald E. , Byrne Patrick J. , Namken Jerry C. , Lambert Charles D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKey determinants of monthly wholesale prices for 12 beef cuts include the quantity of the specific cut, stickiness in prices, marketing costs, quantities of pork and chicken, and seasonality. Seasonal patterns across the respective cuts are very different. Relative to the price in December, prices at the wholesale level in other months can be as much as 6 percent lower to as much as 21 percent higher.
An Analysis of Potential Conservation Effort of CRP Participants in the State of Missouri: A Latent Variable Approach
Authors: Kalaitzandonakes N.G. , Monson M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of economic, personal, and attitudinal factors on the intended conservation effort of a sample of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders after their contracts have expired. Economic factors were found to dominate the decision about future conservation effort. Attitudes towards conservation were found to have no significant influence on the decision. This fact may relate to the recent changes in the regulatory environment brought about by the 1985 Food Security Act which changed conservation from a voluntary to regulated nature.
Factors Influencing Technology Adoption in a Louisiana Aquaculture System
Authors: Caffey Rex H. , Kazmierczak Richard F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA multinomial logit model was estimated and used to analyze the impact of various producer characteristics on the adoption of flow-through and recirculating technology in soft-shelled crab production. Because of the industry's geographic isolation and high turnover rate, data was collected by personal interviews in 1991. The results suggest that increased adoption might be fostered by targeting education programs towards full time, family operated businesses in non-traditional production regions. However, development of effective education programs may be hindered by the lack of a significant relationship between producer adoption decisions and the information provided by university or extension personnel.
Agricultural Industrialization and Sustainable Development: A Global Perspective
Authors: Davis Carlton G. , Langham Max R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgricultural industrialization and sustainable development issues are important contemporary areas of debate. This paper argues that the two processes are a consequence of a set of forces operating in our global system. It outlines a number of conceptual interactions between the two phenomena and examines economic development and sustainable development policy implications that appear to be logical extensions of the arguments presented.
Factors Affecting Commercial Bank Lending to Agriculture
Authors: Betubiza Eustacius N. , Leatham David J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA tobit econometric procedure was used to examine the effect of selected demand and supply factors on nonreal estate agricultural lending by commercial banks in Texas. Results show that banks have reduced their agricultural loan portfolios in response to increased use of interest sensitive deposits after deregulation. Moreover, almost half of this decrease came from banks that stopped making agricultural loans. Also, results show that banks affiliated with multi-bank holding companies lend less money to agriculture relative to their assets than do independent banks.
Factors Affecting the Probability of Consuming Fish and Shellfish in the Away from Home and at Home Markets
Authors: Nayga Rodolfo M. , Capps Oral 
Published: July 2016

AbstractModels are developed to measure the effect of socioeconomic factors on the probability of consuming fish and shellfish in both the away from home and at home markets. Factors that significantly affect the likelihood of eating fish and shellfish at home include: urbanization, region, race, ethnicity, age, diet status and income. On the other hand, region, employment, diet status, household size, age and income significantly affect the likelihood of eating fish and shellfish away from home.
Marginal Price of Lake Recreation and Aesthetics: An Hedonic Approach
Authors: Lansford Notie H. , Jones Lonnie L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEfficient allocation of water requires knowledge of water's value in both consumptive and nonconsumptive uses. This study estimates the marginal value of water in lake recreational and aesthetic (RA) use. An hedonic price equation (employing the Box-Cox functional form) indicates lake front location, distance to lake, and scenic view are significant RA characteristics of housing. Water front properties command a premium price for the private access they offer. Beyond the water front, the marginal RA price falls rapidly with increasing distance, becoming asymptotic to some minimum. Twenty-two percent of housing price is found to be attributable to the RA component.
Incentive-Based Solutions to Agricultural Environmental Problems: Recent Developments in Theory and Practice
Authors: Randall Alan , Taylor Michael A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTheory predicts that incentive-based regulatory instruments reduce compliance costs by encouraging efficient resource allocation and innovation in environmental technology. Cost reductions from pollution permit trading often have exceeded expectations, but the devil is in the details: the rules matter. In recent years, IB instruments of many kinds, from permit trading to various informal voluntary agreements, have been introduced in many countries. Point-nonpoint trading programs have been established in the U.S., but recorded trades have been rare. We speculate about prospects for performance-based monitoring of agricultural nonpoint pollution which, we believe, would encourage trading to the benefit of farmers and society.
Biodiesel as a Substitute for Petroleum Diesel in a Stochastic Environment
Authors: Tareen Irfan Y. , Wetzstein Michael E. , Duffield James A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objective of the research presented in this paper is the development of a stochastic adoption threshold. The option pricing approach for modeling investment under uncertainty is extended for the case of comparing two stochastic input prices associated with inputs that are perfect substitutes in a production process. Based on this methodology, a threshold decision rule influenced by the drift and volatility of these two input prices is developed. Theoretical results establish an empirical link for measuring the tradeoff of a relatively more expensive input (biodiesel) with lower price drift and volatility compared with a lower but more volatile priced input (petroleum diesel).
Incorporation of Within-Season Yield Growth into a Mathematical Programming Sugarcane Harvest Scheduling Model
Authors: Salassi Michael E. , Champagne Lonnie P. , Legendre Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of a optimal harvest scheduling mathematical programming model which incorporates within-season changes in perennial crop yields. Daily crop yield prediction models are estimated econometrically for major commercially grown sugarcane cultivars. This information is incorporated into a farm-level harvest scheduling linear programming model. The harvest scheduling model solves for an optimal daily harvest schedule which maximizes whole farm net returns above harvesting costs. Model results are compared for a commercial sugarcane farm in Louisiana.
Landowner Decision Making about Riparian Buffers
Authors: Lynch Lori , Brown Cheryl 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA two-stage model is used to examine a landowner's decision to use riparian buffers. First, the farmer chooses whether to continue farming or to sell the land for development. If the farmer continues farming, then he or she must decide whether or not to plant a buffer. If the farmer plants a buffer, he or she must choose its type: trees or grass. Simulations of a representative farmer determine the parameters and parameter values that affect each decision. The farmer chooses to plant a buffer unless the net crop price is high or the land rental rate is low. The choice of buffer type is affected by crop price, farm size, relative incentive payments, relative cost share rates, and amount of deer damage.
World Fibers Demand
Authors: Clements Kenneth W. , Lan Yihui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the world demand for fibers using the system-wide approach with three dimensions—product × space × time. We investigate to what extent differences in international consumption patterns of fibers can be explained by differences in incomes and prices faced by different consumers. A novel approach to cross-country consumption comparisons is employed to avoid the troublesome problem of what exchange rates to use when converting data into a common currency unit. We use data from the ten largest consuming countries to estimate demand systems and then examine how they perform in predicting consumption patterns in a large number of out-of-sample countries.
An Economic, Hydrologic, and Environmental Assessment of Water Management Alternative Plans for the South Central Texas Region
Authors: Gillig Dhazn , McCarl Bruce A. , Boadu Frederick 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRegional water scarcity has motivated the South Central Texas Regional Water Planning Group to actively develop water management plans to address long-/short-term regional water needs. This study, therefore, develops an integrated Edwards Aquifer groundwater and river system simulation model to determine the “best” choice of regional water management plans using mixed-integer linear programming. The economic, hydrologic, and environmental consequences of the “best” choice of regional and other water management plans and options are evaluated and compared. Results indicate a tradeoff between the economic and environmental benefits. A slight decrease in economic benefit results in a substantial increase in environmental benefit.
Pre-Harvest Pricing Strategies in Ohio Corn Markets: Their Effect on Returns and Cash Flow
Authors: Zulauf Carl R. , Larson Donald W. , Alexander Christopher K. , Irwin Scott H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on whether pre-harvest pricing strategies can improve returns over cash sales at harvest. It also examines cash flow needs of such strategies. The analysis is conducted for Ohio corn produced from 1986 through 1999. The pre-harvest strategies evaluated (short futures, long put, synthetic long put, put-call fence) did not statistically improve returns over cash sales at harvest. However, if implemented during or before planting, these naïve strategies reduced the standard deviation of annual gross income. Substantial cash flow may be incurred, either to establish the strategy or meet margin calls. Therefore, assessments of pre-harvest pricing strategies should include cash flow needs, along with return and risk.
Adult Equivalent Scales Revisited
Authors: Demoussis Michael , Mihalopoulos Vassilis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUse of the Tobit model for estimation of adult equivalent scale (AES) parameters and expenditure equations presupposes that zero observations represent exclusively corner solutions. This paper tests for the underlying causes of zero observations and estimates accordingly the AES parameters, the household size in adult equivalents and the resulting expenditure equations and consumption profiles. The empirical application concerns Greek household “soft” and “hard” cheese consumption. The statistical results indicate that for the examined cheese categories the “double hurdle participation” model adjusted for non-normality and heteroskedasticity is the appropriate model for the estimation of AES parameters and expenditure equations.
Effect of Risk Aversion on Feeder Cattle Prices
Authors: Lee Jung-Hee , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper determines the effects of cattle feeders' risk aversion on feeder cattle prices using pen data of Kansas feedlots. Higher profit risk results in lower feeder cattle prices. The elasticity of feeder cattle price with respect to profit risk was small (-0.013). The risk elasticity estimated here is similar to risk elasticities in previous studies and thus, the use of pen-level data does not seem to add much to the study of risk.
Demand Relationships Among Juice Beverages: A Differential Demand System Approach
Authors: Brown Mark G. , Lee Jonq-Ying , Seale James L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNielsen ScanTrack data were used to study how income and prices influenced consumer juice beverage demand in the United States during the period from 1988-89 through 1991-92. Alternative differential demand models combining the features of the Rotterdam model and the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) were tested. Results indicate the CBS type demand responses describe consumer behavior better than the other specifications for this particular data set.
Economics of Trade-off Between Urea Nitrogen and Poultry Litter for Rice Production
Authors: Govindasamy Ramu , Cochran Mark J. , Miller David M. , Norman Richard J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper identifies optimal combinations of nitrogen in the form of urea, fresh litter and composted litter for rice production. Traditional cost minimization techniques using data from experimental results conducted at three sites in Arkansas during 1991 have been employed. Comparisons between different scenarios indicate that the trade-off between the use of poultry litter and urea nitrogen depends on such factors as soil fertility, the yield response to litter application and the relative prices of nitrogen and litter. The use of litter is more economical at high target yields than at low target yields.
Cost of Forward Contracting Hard Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Townsend John P. , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTwo methods were used to estimate the cost of forward contracting hard red winter wheat. One hundred days before delivery, the estimated cost of forward contracting ranged from six cents/bu. to eight cents/bu. Thus, further evidence is provided that the cost of forward contracting grain is not zero.
The Effect of Personal and Farm Characteristics upon Grain Marketing Practices
Authors: Sartwelle James , O'Brien Daniel , Tierney William , Eggers Tim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA survey of Kansas, Texas, and Iowa agricultural producers was taken to examine the factors affecting their grain marketing practices. Sales indices models and models of qualitative choice are used to determine whether marketers' choices of cash market, forward contract, or futures and options oriented marketing practices are significantly affected by their personal and farm business characteristics. Results indicate that geographic location, farm size, grain enterprise specialization, farming experience, use of grain storage, and use of crop insurance have significant effects upon the respondents' choice of grain marketing practices.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Florida Cooperative's Seasonal Pricing Plan on Seasonal Production Variability
Authors: Washington Andrew A. , Lawson Robert W. , Kilmer Richard L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFrom 1993–1995, Florida dairy cooperatives implemented a seasonal pricing plan in an attempt to decrease the variability in seasonal production. Farmers that participated in the seasonal pricing plan were able to reduce seasonality in each year when compared to 1992 by as much as 20 percent. For farmers that did not participate, seasonality increased in each year by as much as 32 percent. Overall, the seasonal pricing plan was effective in reducing seasonality for those farmers that chose to participate in the plan and that its limited short-run success was the result of seasonality increases by non-participating farms.
Uncertain Yields in Sectoral Welfare Analysis: An Application to Global Warming
Authors: Lambert D.K. , McCarl B.A. , He Q. , Kaylen M.S. , Rosenthal W. , Chang C.C. , Nayda W.I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgriculture operates in an uncertain environment. Yields, prices, and resource usage can change dramatically from year to year. However, most analyses of the agricultural sector, at least those using mathematical programming methods, assume decision making is based on average yields, ignoring yield variability. This study examines how explicit consideration of stochastic yield outcomes influence a sector analysis. We develop a model that can be used for stochastic sector analysis. We extend the risk framework developed by Hazell and others to incorporate discrete yield outcomes as well as consumption activities dependent upon yield outcomes. An empirical application addresses a comparison between sector analysis with and without considerations of the economic effects of yield variability in a global warming context.
Rural-Urban Differences in Nursing Home Access, Quality and Cost
Authors: Yu Wei , Bradford Garnett 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRural-urban differences in the supply of nursing home services are hypothesized to be jointly affected by competitive and regulatory forces, government policies, and the cost structure. Study findings indicate that rural services are slightly less accessible and lower in quality. A translog cost share function reveals no difference in the operating cost structure of rural and urban homes. Cost shares for nursing care are directly related to the degree of skilled nursing provided by homes. Significant scale economies were not detected for any of the major operating costs.
Employment History and Off-Farm Employment of Farm Operators
Authors: Stallmann Judith I. , Nelson James H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEmployment history affects subsequent choices. Based on their original job choice, operators are divided into farmers and workers. Equations are estimated to determine their probabilities of working off-the-farm. Education increases the probability that workers work off-the-farm, whereas vocational training increases farmers' probability. The probability of working off-the-farm decreases as unearned income increases, and its impact on workers is larger than on farmers. An employed spouse increases the probability that farmers work off-the-farm, but has the opposite impact for workers. Employment density increases the probability that workers will work off-the-farm.
Do the Japanese Discriminate Against Australian Beef Imports?: Evidence From the Differential Approach
Authors: Weatherspoon Dave D. , Seale James L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper considers an application of the differential approach to Japanese demand for beef imports from 1970 to 1993. Results of homothetic demand and negative (significant) own-price elasticities indicate that the Japanese did not discriminate against Australian beef, but the decrease in Australia's trade shares was due to changes in relative prices.
Computer Adoption and Use of Information Services by North Carolina Commercial Farmers
Authors: Amponsah William A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe extent of information use by farmers for farm management is tracked in terms of computer adoption and usefulness, and the use of professional providers of information services. The study is based on a survey conducted in 1991, on North Carolina, as part of a regional project involving about fourteen states. The results revealed a low rate of computer adoption by the farmers surveyed. However, computer adoption and usefulness were explained by farm size, educational attainment and farm income. Also farmers' use of professional services, such as that provided by tax preparers and extension agents were positively influenced by farm size, age and education level.
Vertical and Horizontal Coordination in the Agro-biotechnology Industry: Evidence and Implications
Authors: Kalaitzandonakes Nicholas , Bjornson Bruce 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgro-biotechnology is evolving from a pre-commerical phase dominated by basic research science to a commercial phase oriented around marketing products. In pursuing innovation rents in the commercial phase, firms are reorienting their strategies around complementary marketing and distribution assets. This is impacting vertical and horizontal industry structure. Conversely, industry structure is also impacting firm strategies. Horizontal alliances and consolidation continue from the pre-commercial phase into the commercial phase, while vertical coordination and integration strategies are accelerating rapidly. Interplay between firm strategy and industry structure is too complex for firms to anticipate early in the pre-commercial phase for long-term strategy formulation.
Detection of the Fixation Coefficient F from MNS Blood Group Data
Authors: Rao D.C. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySince the MNS blood group system does not exhaust the total degrees of freedom under the Wright's equilibrium law, it was felt that the peculiar problems facing the detection of F (the fixation coefficient of Wright's model) from ABO blood group data may not be totally relevant to the MNS system. To verify this, a short discussion on the detection of F from MNS blood group data is given here.
Fertility as a Function of the Woman's Age and Year of Birth in Italy
Authors: Mascioli Flavia M. , Rossi Carla 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA mathematical model is suggested to represent the trend of the fertility coefficient in the Italian woman as a function of her age and year of birth. The study has been based on data from the fertility tables by Livi Bacci-Santini interpreted by one single formula.