bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Optimisation of Curved Interconnecting Ducts
Authors: Srinivasan K. , Balamurugan V. , Jayanti S. 
Published: November 2015

<p class="AbstractText">Practical ducting layout in process plants needs to satisfy a number of on-site constraints. The search for an optimal flow path around the obstructions is a multi-parameter problem and is computationally prohibitively expensive. In this study, authors proposed a rapid and efficient methodology for the optimal linkage of arbitrarily oriented fluid flow ducts using a single-parameter quadratic/cubic Bézier curves in two/three dimensions to describe the centreline of the curved duct. A smooth interconnecting duct can then be generated by extruding the duct face along the curve. By varying the parameter either along the angular bisector or along the axes of the ducts, a family of Bézier curves is generated. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the relationship between pressure drop and the adjustable parameter is a unimodal curve and the optimal connecting duct is the one which has the least pressure drop while satisfying on-site constraints can be used for linking the ducts. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by applying it to some cases of practical interest.</p><p class="AbstractText"><strong>Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 4, July 2015, pp. 300-306, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8353</strong></p><p class="AbstractText"> </p>
The relationship between prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport, general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy: Study in department of physical education and sport teacher education
Authors: Yıldız Mevlüt , Şenel Ender , Şahan Hasan 
Published: November 2015

<p>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport, general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy beliefs of students studying in physical education and sport teacher education department. 118 students in department of physical education and sport teacher education at Mugla Sitki Kocman University voluntarily participated in the study. 31 of the participants were national athletes while 87 of them were non-national athletes. 50 of the participant were females while 68 of them were males. Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS) was used to determine the behaviors of students whether prosocial or antisocial. General self-efficacy scale<strong> </strong>was used to determine the self-efficacy beliefs of participants.<strong> </strong>Academic Self-Efficacy scale<strong> </strong>was used to determine academic self-efficacy beliefs of students. Positive correlations have been found between age and prosocial opponent. Positive correlations have been found between general self-efficacy and prosocial teammate, prosocial opponent. Positive correlations have been found between academic self-efficacy and prosocial teammate, prosocial opponent, general-self-efficacy. Consequently, students having high level of self-efficacy beliefs in physical education and sport teacher education department can adopt prosocial behaviors.</p>
Ball Indentation Studies on the Effect of Nitrogen on the Tensile Properties of 316LN SS
Authors: Mathew M. D. , Ganesh Kumar J. , Ganesan V. , Laha K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Type 316L(N) stainless steel (SS) containing 0.02–0.03 wt% carbon and 0.06–0.08 wt% nitrogen is used as the major structural material for the components of fast reactors. Research is underway to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of 316LN SS by increasing the nitrogen content in the steel above the level of 0.08 wt%. In this investigation, ball indentation (BI) technique was used to evaluate the effect of nitrogen content on the tensile properties of 316LN SS. BI tests were conducted on four different heats of 316LN SS containing 0.07, 0.11, 0.14 and 0.22 wt% nitrogen in the temperature range 300–923 K. The tensile properties such as yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with increase in nitrogen content at all the investigated temperatures. These results were consistent with the corresponding uniaxial tensile test results. These studies showed that BI technique can be used to optimize the chemical composition during alloy development by evaluating tensile properties with minimum volume of material.
High-Temperature Graphitization Failure of Primary Superheater Tube
Authors: Ghosh D. , Ray S. , Roy H , Mandal N. , Shukla A. K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Failure of boiler tubes is the main cause of unit outages of the plant, which further affects the reliability, availability and safety of the unit. So failure analysis of boiler tubes is absolutely essential to predict the root cause of the failure and the steps are taken for future remedial action to prevent the failure in near future. This paper investigates the probable cause/causes of failure of the primary superheater tube in a thermal power plant boiler. Visual inspection, dimensional measurement, chemical analysis, metallographic examination and hardness measurement are conducted as the part of the investigative studies. Apart from these tests, mechanical testing and fractographic analysis are also conducted as supplements. Finally, it is concluded that the superheater tube is failed due to graphitization for prolonged exposure of the tube at higher temperature.
Kinetics Study on Reduction of CaWO4 by Si from 1423 K to 1523 K
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Wu Jing , Chou Kuochih 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Investigation on reduction kinetics of scheelite(CaWO4) provides important fundamental knowledge to control and optimize process of Ferrotungsten manufacturing and direct reduction of scheelite in steelmaking. In this work, the isothermal reduction kinetics of CaWO4 powder by Si powder at 1,423 K, 1,473 K and 1,523 K, where all reactants and products are in solid state, was investigated by using X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) attached with energy dispersive spectra (EDS) was also employed to investigate the microstructure of reaction interface. Both Jander model and Ginstling–Brounshtein model could describe kinetics of reduction of CaWO4 well, whereas 3D interfacial reaction model could not describe the kinetics of reduction of CaWO4. The rate determining step for reduction of CaWO4 could be diffusion of Si across product layer. The values of activation energies obtained by fitting kinetic data using Jander and Ginstling–Brounshtein model are as great as 379.93 kJ/mol and 387.16 kJ/mol respectively. The oxygen partial pressure during reduction has impact on the kinetics of reduction. The reduction was retarded by increase of oxygen partial pressure.
Adsorption of As (III) on Iron Coated Quartz Sand: Influence of Temperature on the Equilibrium Isotherm, Thermodynamics and Isosteric Heat of Adsorption Analysis
Authors: Gautam Shashi Bala , Alam Siraj , Kamsonlian Suantak 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The influence of temperature on the sorption of As(III) onto iron oxide coated quartz sand (IOCQS) was studied in the temperature range of 298–318 K. An increase in temperature was found to have positive influence on the adsorption of As(III) ions onto IOCQS surfaces because of increased diffusion of As(III) ions into the pores of IOCQS at higher temperature. The enhanced sorption at higher temperature indicated endothermic adsorption process. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of As(III) on IOCQS were analyzed at different temperatures. Among the conventional isotherms, Freundlich isotherm best predicted specific uptake at different temperatures, followed by Redlich–Peterson, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. Various thermodynamic parameters namely heat of adsorption (∆H
0), change in entropy (∆S
0), and Gibbs free energy change (∆G
0) were computed from the equilibrium constant (K
D) values. The results indicated positive value for heat of adsorption ∆H
0, a positive ∆S
0 and a negative ∆G
0. Finally, the isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔH
st,a) values were calculated and quantitatively correlated with the fractional loading of As(III) onto IOCQS. The surface heterogeneity of adsorbents could be quantitatively described with an isosteric enthalpy function of fractional loading based on Do and Do model. The results show that the IOCQS possesses heterogeneous surface with sorption sites having different activities.
Helices of fractionalized Maxwell fluid
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Abro Kashif Ali , Khan Najeeb Alam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper the helical flows of fractionalized Maxwell fluid model, through a circular cylinder, is studied. The motion is produced by the cylinder that at the initial moment begins to rotate around its axis with an angular velocity Omegatp, and to slide along the same axis with linear velocity Utp. The solutions that have been obtained using Laplace and finite Hankel transforms and presented in series form in terms of the newly defined special function M(z), satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, the corresponding solutions for ordinary Maxwell and Newtonian fluid obtained as special cases of the present general solution. Finally, the influence of various pertinent parameters on fluid motion as well as the comparison among different fluids models is analyzed by graphical illustrations.
Effects of remedial measures for mitigating embankment settlement due to foundation liquefaction
Authors: Okamura Mitsu , Matsuo Osamu 
Published: November 2015

In Japan, after the Hyogoken-nambu earthquake remedial measures have often been constructed for river dikes supported on liquefiable sand beds. In this study a series of dynamic centrifuge tests was conducted to assess seismic performances of embankments with and without countermeasures and to provide a basis for establishing conventional methods to evaluate crest settlement. Three types of countermeasures used in the current practice in Japan (the solidification by the deep mixing method, the densification by the sand compaction piles and the sheet pile enclosure) were tested. It was observed that the excess pore pressure under the embankment toes tends to be higher for models with countermeasures than benchmark models without countermeasures. The horizontal displacement constraint imposed by the remedial zone is considered to be responsible for this. It was also found that the countermeasure techniques could reduce lateral deformation of the liquefied foundation sand and shear deformation of the embankment significantly, however, some embankment crest settlement was inevitable. The higher excess pore pressure under the embankment due to the existence of the remedial countermeasures resulting in an increase in contractive volume change of sand under embankment was responsible for the inevitable crest settlement. It is concluded that displacement predictions of the remediation zone as well as a volumetric strain of the liquefied sand beneath the embankment are key aspects to assess crest settlements.
Studies on magnetron-sputtered V2O5/ZnO thin films
Authors: Therasa Ranjani Perchamy , Deepak Raj Pattabiraman , Lakshmi Shree Balakrishnan , Selva Priya Subramanian , Sridharan Madanagurusamy 
Published: November 2015

Crystalline vanadium oxide (V2O5) thin films were grown over zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layer-coated glass substrates at room temperature by magnetron sputtering technique. Initially, ZnO thin films have been formed by oxidizing sputtered zinc films at different annealing temperatures (300–500°C) in ambient air for 1 h. The influence of ZnO buffer layer on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the V2O5 films was studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and four-point probe method. The thickness values of the deposited films were measured using the stylus probe profilometer. XRD patterns of the V2O5 deposited over ZnO (VZO) showed reflection planes corresponding to V2O5 and ZnO buffer layer. The optical studies showed the enhancement on the optical properties of V2O5 films deposited over ZnO buffer layer. The electrical studies of the VZO films showed that the resistivity of VZO films varied from 400 to 60 Ω cm. The enhancement in the optical and electrical properties may be due to the improvement in the crystallinity of the film because of ZnO buffer layer.
Encapsulation of urea and caffeine in Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework
Authors: Loera-Serna Sandra , Zarate-Rubio Jocelyn , Medina-Velazquez Dulce Y. , Zhang Lei , Ortiz Elba 
Published: November 2015

The Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework (MOF) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), also known as HKUST-1 (or MOF-199), is one of the most studied MOFs because it has a large surface area, high pore volume, high chemical stability and the ability to bind water, among other molecules, by coordinating to the unsaturated Cu(II) sites. In this study, Cu3(BTC)2 was used for the first time to remove the pharmaceutical products of urea and caffeine. Two strategies for retention of urea and caffeine in Cu3(BTC)2 were studied. The first strategy corresponds to in situ encapsulation, where urea and caffeine were added to Cu3(BTC)2 synthesis precursors and the porous structure was formed around the urea or caffeine molecules resulting in the encapsulation. The second one corresponds to post-synthesis encapsulation. The adsorption of urea or caffeine in MOF structure was realized by adding the as-synthesized dry Cu3(BTC)2 into urea or caffeine aqueous solution. The results show that in situ encapsulation of caffeine and urea in Cu3(BTC)2 produced a guest loading of 38 and 25 wt%, respectively, whereas, post-synthesis encapsulation had a guest loading of 52 and 30 wt% for caffeine and urea, respectively.
Measurement of innovation in South Africa: An analysis of survey metrics and recommendations
Authors: Manzini Sibusiso T. 
Published: November 2015

The National System of Innovation (NSI) is an important construct in South Africa’s policy discourse as illustrated in key national planning initiatives, such as the National Development Plan. The country’s capacity to innovate is linked to the prospects for industrial development leading to social and economic growth. Proper measurement of innovation activity is therefore crucial for policymaking. In this study, a constructive analytical critique of the innovation surveys that are conducted in South Africa is presented, the case for broadening current perspectives of innovation in the national policy discourse is reinforced, the significance of a broad perspective of innovation is demonstrated and new metrics for use in the measurement of the performance of the NSI are proposed. Current NSI survey instruments lack definition of non-technological innovation. They emphasise inputs rather than outputs, lack regional and sectoral analyses, give limited attention to innovation diffusion and are susceptible to respondent interpretation. Furthermore, there are gaps regarding the wider conditions of innovation and system linkages and learning. In order to obtain a comprehensive assessment of innovation in South Africa, there is a need to sharpen the metrics for measuring non-technological innovation and to define, account for and accurately measure the ‘hidden’ innovations that drive the realisation of value in management, the arts, public service and society in general. The new proposed indicators, which are mostly focused on innovation outputs, can be used as a basis for plugging the gaps identified in the existing surveys.
Characterization of Two Adult‐Plant Stripe Rust Resistance Genes on Chromosomes 3BS and 4BL in Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Subramanian Nithya K. , Mason Richard Esten , Milus Eugene A. , Moon David E. , Brown‐Guedira Gina 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTStripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is an important foliar disease of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) (Triticum aestivum L.) in the eastern United States. However, very few resistance genes have been characterized in the SRWW germplasm pool. The SRWW line VA96W‐270 is known to be resistant to stripe rust race PST‐100, which was the predominant race in the United States from 2003 to 2006. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between VA96W‐270 and the susceptible cultivar Coker 9835 was evaluated for response to stripe rust infection in inoculated field nurseries over a 3‐yr period. The RIL population was then genotyped with stripe rust‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, located on chromosomes 3BS and 4BL, both contributed by VA96W‐270. The 3BS and 4BL QTL explained up to 28 and 25% of the phenotypic variation for area under disease pressure curve (AUDPC), respectively. Recombinant inbred lines containing both QTL had average disease severity of 6%, compared with 38 to 45% for lines containing one of the two QTL and 69% for those containing neither QTL. Based on susceptibility of VA96W‐270 to infection at the seedling stage, the two genes appear to be associated with adult‐plant resistance. Markers associated with the two QTL were polymorphic in various wheat genotypes, suggesting they could be useful in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to develop wheat cultivars with improved stripe rust resistance.
Improving Maize Grain Yield under Drought Stress and Non‐stress Environments in Sub‐Saharan Africa using Marker‐Assisted Recurrent Selection
Authors: Beyene Yoseph , Semagn Kassa , Crossa Jose , Mugo Stephen , Atlin Gary N. , Tarekegne Amsal , Meisel Barbara , Sehabiague Pierre , Vivek Bindiganavile S. , Oikeh Sylvester , Alvarado Gregorio , Machida Lewis , Olsen Michael , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Bänziger Marianne 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn marker‐assisted recurrent selection (MARS), a subset of molecular markers significantly associated with target traits of interest are used to predict the breeding value of individual plants, followed by rapid recombination and selfing. This study estimated genetic gains in grain yield (GY) using MARS in 10 biparental tropical maize (Zea may L.) populations. In each population, 148 to 184 F2:3 (defined as C0) progenies were derived, crossed with a single‐cross tester, and evaluated under water‐stressed (WS) and well‐watered (WW) environments in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The C0 populations were genotyped with 190 to 225 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A selection index based on marker data and phenotypic data was used for selecting the best C0 families for recombination. Individual plants from selected families were genotyped using 55 to 87 SNPs tagging specific quantitative trait loci (QTL), and the best individuals from each cycle were either intercrossed (to form C1) or selfed (to form C1S1 and C1S2). A genetic gain study was conducted using test crosses of lines from the different cycles F1 and founder parents. Test crosses, along with five commercial hybrid checks were evaluated under four WS and four WW environments. The overall gain for GY using MARS across the 10 populations was 105 kg ha−1 yr−1 under WW and 51 kg ha−1 yr−1 under WS. Across WW environments, GY of C1S2–derived hybrids were 8.7, 5.9, and 16.2% significantly greater than those of C0, founder parents, and commercial checks, respectively. Results demonstrate the potential of MARS for increasing genetic gain under both drought and optimum environments in SSA.
Effects of repeated petting sessions on leukocyte counts, intestinal parasite prevalence, and plasma cortisol concentration of dogs housed in a county animal shelter
Authors: Dudley Emily S. , Schiml Patricia A. , Hennessy Michael B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe changes in WBC counts, plasma cortisol concentration, and fecal parasite shedding of dogs housed in an animal shelter and determine the effects of daily petting sessions on these variables.
Design—Hybrid prospective observational and experimental study.
Animals—92 healthy dogs newly arrived to an animal shelter and 15 healthy privately owned dogs (control group).
Procedures—Blood and fecal samples were collected from shelter dogs 1, 3, and 10 days after arrival and from control dogs once. A subset of shelter dogs (n = 15) was assigned to receive 30 minutes of petting daily. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured, CBCs were performed, and fecal samples were evaluated for parasite ova.
Results—For shelter dogs, total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts increased significantly between days 1 and 10, with less consistent increases in monocyte count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio. Parasite shedding was unaffected by duration of shelter stay but was greater for shelter versus control dogs. For shelter dogs, plasma cortisol concentration decreased with time and was higher than that of control dogs on each day. Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratios were also higher for shelter versus control dogs. Petting sessions resulted in a decrease in plasma cortisol concentration but in no other variables.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Large increasing immunologic responses, heavy parasite shedding, and high but decreasing plasma cortisol concentration were identified in shelter dogs. Daily 30-minute petting sessions affected only cortisol values, so the clinical importance of petting for immunologic and other health outcomes remains unclear.
Endoscopic treatment of an intrathoracic tracheal osteochondroma in a dog
Authors: Hawley Melissa M. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Johnson Eric G. , Pascoe Peter J. , Murphy Brian G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Case Description—A 1.5-year-old spayed female Bernese Mountain Dog was examined for a 6-month history of intermittent vomiting, regurgitation, wheezing, and coughing. Initially, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease with secondary aspiration pneumonitis was made but clinical signs did not resolve with treatment.
Clinical Findings—Thoracic and cervical radiography and CT revealed a sessile, irregularly marginated soft tissue opacity at the level of the fourth rib. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were within reference limits. Results of abdominal ultrasonography were normal.
Treatment and Outcome—Tracheoscopy revealed a firm, irregularly marginated mass apparently originating from the ventral aspect of the trachea, occluding approximately one-half of the tracheal lumen, and located 2 cm cranial to the carina. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of fine-needle aspirate and biopsy samples suggested a benign etiology; therefore, endoscopic minimally invasive laser and electrocautery resection of the mass was scheduled. A total IV anesthetic protocol was administered with an oxygen-air mixture used to decrease the risk of fire during tracheal surgery. The mass was successfully resected, and histopathologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of osteochondroma. Clinical signs resolved, and at follow-up 32 months later, no regrowth of the mass was evident.
Clinical Relevance—Tracheoscopy-guided electrocautery and surgical diode laser resection was successful in removing an obstructive tracheal mass that was not resectable by means of a conventional open surgical approach. Minimally invasive procedures may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve outcome in appropriately selected small animal patients.