bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel method using 3-dimensional segmentation in spectral domain-optical coherence tomography imaging in the chick reveals defocus-induced regional and time-sensitive asymmetries in the choroidal thickness
Authors: NAVA DIANE R. , ANTONY BHAVNA , ZHANG LI , ABRÀMOFF MICHAEL D. , WILDSOET CHRISTINE F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStudies into the mechanisms underlying the active emmetropization process by which neonatal refractive errors are corrected, have described rapid, compensatory changes in the thickness of the choroidal layer in response to imposed optical defocus. While high frequency A-scan ultrasonography, as traditionally used to characterize such changes, offers good resolution of central (on-axis) changes, evidence of local retinal control mechanisms make it imperative that more peripheral, off-axis changes also be tracked. In this study, we used in vivo high resolution spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging in combination with the Iowa Reference Algorithms for 3-dimensional segmentation, to more fully characterize these changes, both spatially and temporally, in young, 7-day old chicks (n = 15), which were fitted with monocular +15 D defocusing lenses to induce choroidal thickening. With these tools, we were also able to localize the retinal area centralis, which was used as a landmark along with the ocular pectin in standardizing the location of scans and aligning them for subsequent analyses of choroidal thickness (CT) changes across time and between eyes. Values were derived for each of four quadrants, centered on the area centralis, and global CT values were also derived for all eyes. Data were compared with on-axis changes measured using ultrasonography. There were significant on-axis choroidal thickening that was detected after just one day of lens wear (∼190 µm), and regional (quadrant-related) differences in choroidal responses were also found, as well as global thickness changes 1 day after treatment. The ratio of global to on-axis choroidal thicknesses, used as an index of regional variability in responses, was also found to change significantly, reflecting the significant central changes. In summary, we demonstrated in vivo high resolution SD-OCT imaging, used in combination with segmentation algorithms, to be a viable and informative approach for characterizing regional (spatial), time-sensitive changes in CT in small animals such as the chick.
A Critical Review: S. Harris (1990) Two-Way Schooling: Education and Cultural Survival
Authors: Willis Cecily 
Published: August 2016

This paper reviews the research work of Dr Stephen Harris in his 1990 book entitled Two-Way Schooling: Education and Cultural Survival. It is not possible to review the book in its entirety in great detail, so an overall view will be taken and the following key questions will be answered:• who is doing the talking?• what kind of Indigenous subjects are being constructed?• how is the construction ofworld view achieved?• are there any alternatives?
The Injinoo Home Language Program: A Positive Community Response to Marginalisation and Institutional Racism
Authors: Turner Christine 
Published: August 2016

Teaching in and of itself is a difficult task fraught with obstacles to classroom success. For those who teach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students these obstacles are compounded by a political atmosphere that colours every decision made within the school and indeed within education departments.As classroom teachers it is easy to say that politics has nothing to do with teaching and pretend that it is not an issue. As convenient as this attitude may be, it is denying the facts. Indeed all teachers involved in Indigenous education must accept that their role is political. They must see that part of their task is to overcome years of institutional policy and attitude that have contributed significantly to poor educational performances for Indigenous students in Australia.
Another Country: Non-Aboriginal Tertiary Students' Perceptions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
Authors: Ryan Josephine 
Published: August 2016

Even though Aboriginal people are from Australia it does not mean they speak the English language (non-Aboriginal tertiary student).Jo Lampert's (1996) research discussed in her articleIndigenous Australian perspectives in teaching at the University of Queenslandspeaks volumes about the challenges of attempting to make university curricula inclusive of Indigenous Australian perspectives. She documents the often ambivalent attitudes of academics towards opening up the curriculum to Indigenous Australians. The research discussed here seeks to add to our understanding of this process, focussing this time on the response of students to the introduction of Australian Indigenous perspectives into a single unit within a Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Teaching program. The impetus to reflect on the process came with the shock of reading student papers, written at the end of the unit, and finding that effective communication about the educational needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples did not seem to have taken place, making a closer analysis of the teaching/learning process imperative. This investigation will address questions abouthowuniversities can communicate effectively about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Indigenous Research Ethics: Policy, Protocol and Practice
Authors: Smith Arthur 
Published: August 2016

There is growing interest and respect in the world regarding the knowledge and experience of Indigenous peoples. This is particularly so in industrialised ‘post-colonial’ societies such as Australia, which see themselves as committed to principles of equity and social justice.There is a new political, economic and social context in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural knowledge is widely recognised and valued, even if not properly understood. In the search for a more precisely articulated national identity, Indigenous identity is claimed by many as integral to Australian identity. Coupled with this is a revised sense of coming to terms with the past, a recognition of what has been left out of histories taught from non-Indigenous perspectives. The cold war of invasion and resistance goes on but there are signs of an end in view.
We Are Learning - Slowly
Authors: Bailey Peter 
Published: August 2016

“The Minister directs that you take up duties at X school.” Ye gods and little fishes! What does a teacher new to a school like this do?The school concerned in this paper is in a small, isolated, North Queensland town with a population of about 200. The racial mix is about 75% Aboriginal descent. The “best” jobs are mainly confined to the European sector, with the high profile occupations being held by itinerants, (teachers, nurses, and police). The local council is the main employer in the town, but there is still a high level of unemployment. Low socio-economic and educational standards and high alcohol consumption are prevalent throughout the community.
An Induction Program for New Appointees to Aboriginal Schools
Authors: Darvall Ken 
Published: August 2016

The author was fortunate to be awarded a New South Wales Teaching Service Fellowship for 1990 to undertake an investigation of the professional development of teachers, including executive, in schools with significant Aboriginal enrolments. This fellowship was undertaken in South Australia over a four-week period in March and April this year.Perhaps the highlight of this investigation was the emphasis placed on appropriate and adequate induction programs within the human resource management portfolio of the South Australian Department of Education.
Warmth, Demandingness, and What Else? A Reassessment of What It Takes to Be an Effective Teacher of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Children
Authors: Fanshawe John P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper re-evaluates Fanshawe’s (1976) description of effective teachers of adolescent Aborigines in the light of more recent literature and research pertaining to the effective teaching of children from a variety of cultural backgrounds. While particular attention is paid to the two-dimensional warmth-demandingness model of teacher effectiveness which informed the work of Kleinfeld (1972, 1975) and Fanshawe (1976, 1978, 1989), consideration is also given to other teacher characteristics besides warmth and demandingness, as well as teaching strategies and learning environments which are likely to be associated with positive educational outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children. The discussion concludes with the identification of important possibilities for future cross-cultural research into teacher effectiveness.
Evaluation: Westcap MacIntosh Computer Reading Program
Authors: Scott Wayne J. 
Published: August 2016

In early 1989 a proposal was submitted for the purchase of three Macintosh computers and software for the purpose of assisting lower streamed students in their reading difficulties. A condition of the purchase was that some form of evaluation would be implemented in order to gauge the worth of the program.The computers were installed in the schools and a program of instruction was written for the commencement of Term IV, which ran for 10 weeks.
An Aboriginal Viewpoint
Authors: Brown R. 
Published: August 2016

The creation of the College of Aboriginal Education, within the Torrens College of Advanced Education, is to me, one of the most meaningful adventures undertaken within Aboriginal society ever. I would place its importance as equal to, if not above, the success of Senator Neville Bonner, the appointment of Charles Perkins, together with the creation and formation of the National Aboriginal Consultative Committee.Almost every other program and plan within the framework of Aboriginality is dogged by the criterion of having a measure of success within the eyes of the mainstream of society, which has not and perhaps cannot understand the vein of Aboriginal thinking. This has prevented many good Aboriginal men from adding their two bits of expertise to a successful future within Aboriginality. The College has no prerequisite for entry into the College apart from a strong desire to attend the College for reasons important only to the person applying.
A Major School Problem
Authors: Ennis Carolyn G. 
Published: August 2016

This skit was designed to emphasize the negative attitudes of teachers and parents toward students who are poor readers. Reading and discussion of the skit may help teachers become aware of alternative solutions that will eliminate the negative attitudes and will accentuate positive practices for reading improvement of students.As a follow-up, teacher s are divided into groups to discuss one of the problems presented and to report to the total group suggestions for eliminating the problem discussed.
Reliability and Validity of PIRLS and TIMSS
Authors: Schult Johannes , Sparfeldt Jörn R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Academic achievements are often assessed in written exams and tests using selection-type (e.g., multiple-choice, MC) and supply-type (e.g., constructed-response, CR) item response formats. The present article examines how MC items and CR items differ with regard to reliability and criterion validity in two educational large-scale assessments with 4th-graders. The reading items of PIRLS 2006 were compiled into MC scales, CR scales, and mixed scales. Scale reliabilities were estimated according to item response theory (international PIRLS sample; n = 119,413). MC showed smaller standard errors than CR around the reading proficiency mean, whereas CR was more reliable for low and high proficiency levels. In the German sample (n = 7,581), there was no format-specific differential validity (criterion: German grades, r ≈ .5; Δr = 0.01). The mathematics items of TIMSS 2007 (n = 160,922) showed similar reliability patterns. MC validity was slightly larger than CR validity (criterion: mathematics grades; n = 5,111; r ≈ .5, Δr = −0.02). Effects of format-specific test extensions were very small in both studies. It seems that in PIRLS and TIMSS, reliability and validity do not depend substantially on response formats. Consequently, other response format characteristics (like the cost of development, administration, and scoring) should be considered when choosing between MC and CR.
TMEM166/EVA1A interacts with ATG16L1 and induces autophagosome formation and cell death
Authors: Hu Jia , Li Ge , Qu Liujing , Li Ning , Liu Wei , xia Dan , Hongdu Beiqi , Lin Xin , Xu Chentong , Lou Yaxin , He Qihua , Ma Dalong , Chen Yingyu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe formation of the autophagosome is controlled by an orderly action of ATG proteins. However, how these proteins are recruited to autophagic membranes remain poorly clarified. In this study, we have provided a line of evidence confirming that EVA1A (eva-1 homolog A)/TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) is associated with autophagosomal membrane development. This notion is based on dotted EVA1A structures that colocalize with ZFYVE1, ATG9, LC3B, ATG16L1, ATG5, STX17, RAB7 and LAMP1, which represent different stages of the autophagic process. It is required for autophagosome formation as this phenotype was significantly decreased in EVA1A-silenced cells and Eva1a KO MEFs. EVA1A-induced autophagy is independent of the BECN1-PIK3C3 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3) complex but requires ATG7 activity and the ATG12–ATG5/ATG16L1 complex. Here, we present a molecular mechanism by which EVA1A interacts with the WD repeats of ATG16L1 through its C-terminal and promotes ATG12–ATG5/ATG16L1 complex recruitment to the autophagic membrane and enhances the formation of the autophagosome. We also found that both autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms contributed to EVA1A-induced cell death while inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis attenuated EVA1A-induced cell death. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive view to our understanding of the pathways involved in the role of EVA1A in autophagy and programmed cell death.
Australian human and parrot Chlamydia psittaci strains cluster within the highly virulent 6BC clade of this important zoonotic pathogen
Authors: Branley James , Bachmann Nathan L. , Jelocnik Martina , Myers Garry S. A. , Polkinghorne Adam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChlamydia psittaci is an avian pathogen and zoonotic agent of atypical pneumonia. The most pathogenic C. psittaci strains cluster into the 6BC clade, predicted to have recently emerged globally. Exposure to infected parrots is a risk factor with limited evidence also of an indirect exposure risk. Genome sequencing was performed on six Australian human and a single avian C. psittaci strain isolated over a 9 year period. Only one of the five human patients had explicit psittacine contact. Genomics analyses revealed that the Australian C. psittaci strains are remarkably similar, clustering tightly within the C. psittaci 6BC clade suggested to have been disseminated by South America parrot importation. Molecular clock analysis using the newly sequenced C. psittaci genomes predicted the emergence of the 6BC clade occurring approximately 2,000 years ago. These findings reveal the potential for an Australian natural reservoir of C. psittaci 6BC strains. These strains can also be isolated from seriously ill patients without explicit psittacine contact. The apparent recent and global spread of C. psittaci 6BC strains raises important questions over how this happened. Further studies may reveal whether the dissemination of this important zoonotic pathogen is linked to Australian parrot importation rather than parrots from elsewhere.
HDL subfractions and very early CAD: novel findings from untreated patients in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Xu Rui-Xia , Li Sha , Li Xiao-Lin , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Gao Ying , Qing Ping , Cui Chuan-Jue , Sun Jing , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) in very young individuals is a rare disease associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of specific lipoprotein subfractions in very young CAD patients (≤45 years) is not established yet. A total of 734 consecutive CAD subjects were enrolled and were classified as very early (n = 81, ≤45), early (n = 304, male: 45–55; female: 45–65) and late (n = 349, male: >55; female: >65) groups. Meanwhile, a group of non-CAD subjects were also enrolled as controls (n = 56, ≤45). The lipoprotein separation was performed using Lipoprint System. As a result, the very early CAD patients have lower large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction and higher small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction (p < 0.05). Although body mass index was inversely related to large HDL subfraction, overweight did not influence its association with very early CAD. In the logistic regression analysis, large HDL was inversely [OR 95% CI: 0.872 (0.825–0.922)] while small LDL was positively [1.038 (1.008–1.069)] related to very early CAD. However, after adjusting potential confounders, the association was only significant for large HDL [0.899 (0.848–0.954)]. This study firstly demonstrated that large HDL subfraction was negatively related to very early CAD suggestive of its important role in very early CAD incidence.
Boron isotope fractionation in magma via crustal carbonate dissolution
Authors: Deegan Frances M. , Troll Valentin R. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Jolis Ester M. , Freda Carmela 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCarbon dioxide released by arc volcanoes is widely considered to originate from the mantle and from subducted sediments. Fluids released from upper arc carbonates, however, have recently been proposed to help modulate arc CO2 fluxes. Here we use boron as a tracer, which substitutes for carbon in limestone, to further investigate crustal carbonate degassing in volcanic arcs. We performed laboratory experiments replicating limestone assimilation into magma at crustal pressure-temperature conditions and analysed boron isotope ratios in the resulting experimental glasses. Limestone dissolution and assimilation generates CaO-enriched glass near the reaction site and a CO2-dominated vapour phase. The CaO-rich glasses have extremely low δ11B values down to −41.5‰, reflecting preferential partitioning of 10B into the assimilating melt. Loss of 11B from the reaction site occurs via the CO2 vapour phase generated during carbonate dissolution, which transports 11B away from the reaction site as a boron-rich fluid phase. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of boron isotope fractionation during crustal carbonate assimilation and suggest that low δ11B melt values in arc magmas could flag shallow-level additions to the subduction cycle.
Asymmetry-induced resistive switching in Ag-Ag2S-Ag memristors enabling a simplified atomic-scale memory design
Authors: Gubicza Agnes , Manrique Dávid Zs. , Pósa László , Lambert Colin J. , Mihály György , Csontos Miklós , Halbritter András 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrevailing models of resistive switching arising from electrochemical formation of conducting filaments across solid state ionic conductors commonly attribute the observed polarity of the voltage-biased switching to the sequence of the active and inert electrodes confining the resistive switching memory cell. Here we demonstrate stable switching behaviour in metallic Ag-Ag2S-Ag nanojunctions at room temperature exhibiting similar characteristics. Our experimental results and numerical simulations reveal that the polarity of the switchings is solely determined by the geometrical asymmetry of the electrode surfaces. By the lithographical design of a proof of principle device we demonstrate the merits of simplified fabrication of atomic-scale, robust planar Ag2S memory cells.
The environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene induces a Warburg-like metabolic reprogramming dependent on NHE1 and associated with cell survival
Authors: Hardonnière Kévin , Saunier Elise , Lemarié Anthony , Fernier Morgane , Gallais Isabelle , Héliès-Toussaint Cécile , Mograbi Baharia , Antonio Samantha , Bénit Paule , Rustin Pierre , Janin Maxime , Habarou Florence , Ottolenghi Chris , Lavault Marie-Thérèse , Benelli Chantal , Sergent Odile , Huc Laurence , Bortoli Sylvie , Lagadic-Gossmann Dominique 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCancer cells display alterations in many cellular processes. One core hallmark of cancer is the Warburg effect which is a glycolytic reprogramming that allows cells to survive and proliferate. Although the contributions of environmental contaminants to cancer development are widely accepted, the underlying mechanisms have to be clarified. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the prototype of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exhibits genotoxic and carcinogenic effects and it is a human carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In addition to triggering apoptotic signals, B[a]P may induce survival signals, both of which are likely to be involved in cancer promotion. We previously suggested that B[a]P-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, especially membrane hyperpolarization, might trigger cell survival signaling in rat hepatic epithelial F258 cells. Here, we further characterized these dysfunctions by focusing on energy metabolism. We found that B[a]P promoted a metabolic reprogramming. Cell respiration decreased and lactate production increased. These changes were associated with alterations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle which likely involve a dysfunction of the mitochondrial complex II. The glycolytic shift relied on activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) and appeared to be a key feature in B[a]P-induced cell survival related to changes in cell phenotype (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration).
Wrinkled silica/titania nanoparticles with tunable interwrinkle distances for efficient utilization of photons in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kang Jin Soo , Lim Joohyun , Rho Won-Yeop , Kim Jin , Moon Doo-Sik , Jeong Juwon , Jung Dongwook , Choi Jung-Woo , Lee Jin-Kyu , Sung Yung-Eun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEfficient light harvesting is essential for the realization of high energy conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). State-of-the-art mesoporous TiO2 photoanodes fall short for collection of long-wavelength visible light photons, and thus there have been efforts on introduction of scattering nanoparticles. Herein, we report the synthesis of wrinkled silica/titania nanoparticles with tunable interwrinkle distances as scattering materials for enhanced light harvesting in DSCs. These particles with more than 20 times larger specific surface area (>400 m2/g) compared to the spherical scattering particles (<20 m2/g) of the similar sizes gave rise to the dye-loading amounts, causing significant improvements in photocurrent density and efficiency. Moreover, dependence of spectral scattering properties of wrinkled particles on interwrinkle distances, which was originated from difference in overall refractive indices, was observed.