bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring paternal history of rural African‐derived Brazilian populations from Y chromosomes
Authors: Kimura Lilian , Nunes Kelly , Macedo‐Souza Lúcia Inês , Rocha Jorge , Meyer Diogo , Mingroni‐Netto Regina Célia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesQuilombo remnants are relics of communities founded by runaway or abandoned African slaves, but often with subsequent extensive and complex admixture patterns with European and Native Americans. We combine a genetic study of Y‐chromosome markers with anthropological surveys in order to obtain a portrait of quilombo structure and history in the region that has the largest number of quilombo remnants in the state of São Paulo.MethodsSamples from 289 individuals from quilombo remnants were genotyped using a set of 17 microsatellites on the Y chromosome (AmpFlSTR‐Yfiler). A subset of 82 samples was also genotyped using SNPs array (Axiom Human Origins—Affymetrix). We estimated haplotype and haplogroup frequencies, haplotype diversity and sharing, and pairwise genetic distances through FST and RST indexes.ResultsWe identified 95 Y chromosome haplotypes, classified into 15 haplogroups. About 63% are European, 32% are African, and 6% Native American. The most common were: R1b (European, 34.2%), E1b1a (African, 32.3%), J1 (European, 6.9%), and Q (Native American, 6.2%). Genetic differentiation among communities was low (FST = 0.0171; RST = 0.0161), and haplotype sharing was extensive. Genetic, genealogical and oral surveys allowed us to detect five main founder haplotypes, which explained a total of 27.7% of the Y chromosome lineages.ConclusionsOur results showed a high European patrilineal genetic contribution among the founders of quilombos, high amounts of gene flow, and a recent common origin of these populations. Common haplotypes and genealogical data indicate the origin of quilombos from a few male individuals. Our study reinforces the importance of a dual approach, involving the analysis of both anthropological and genetic data.
An introduction to microbiome analysis for human biology applications
Authors: Amato Katherine R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResearch examining the gut microbiota is currently exploding, and results are providing new perspectives on human biology. Factors such as host diet and physiology influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota, which in turn affects human nutrition, health, and behavior via interactions with metabolism, the immune system, and the brain. These findings represent an exciting new twist on familiar topics, and as a result, gut microbiome research is likely to provide insight into unresolved biological mechanisms driving human health. However, much remains to be learned about the broader ecological and evolutionary contexts within which gut microbes and humans are affecting each other. Here, I outline the procedures for generating data describing the gut microbiota with the goal of facilitating the wider integration of microbiome analyses into studies of human biology. I describe the steps involved in sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, high‐throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics. While this review serves only as an introduction to these topics, it provides sufficient resources for researchers interested in launching new microbiome initiatives. As knowledge of these methods spreads, microbiome analysis should become a standard tool in the arsenal of human biology research.
Reversible Stannylenoid Formation from the Corresponding Stannylene and Cesium Fluoride
Authors: Yan Chenting , Li Zhifang , Xiao Xu‐Qiong , Wei Ningka , Lu Qiong , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA fluorostannylenoid(Cs+[R2SnF]−(9), R2=(TMS)2CCH2CH2C(TMS)2) was prepared by reacting a stable dialkylstannylene (R2Sn (8), R2=(TMS)2CCH2CH2C(TMS)2) with cesium fluoride at room temperature in THF. While9is stable in THF and DME, removal of the solvent leads to the regeneration of stannylene8. No reaction occurred when8was treated with CsF in a hydrocarbon solvent. Addition of dibenzo‐21‐crown‐7 ether to the THF solution of stannylenoid9followed by usual workup affords the corresponding crystalline stannylenoid crown ether complex, the X‐ray structural analysis of which revealed a fluorine‐bridged contact ion‐pair structure. The reaction of9with excess phenylacetylene gives the corresponding di(phenylethynyl)stannane.
Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung
Authors: Bähr Susanne , Oestreich Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie elektrophile aromatische Substitution ist eine grundlegende Reaktion in der Synthesechemie. Damit werden C‐H‐Bindungen ausreichend nukleophiler Aromaten durch entweder stöchiometrisch zugesetzte oder katalytisch erzeugte Elektrophile in C‐X‐ oder C‐C‐Bindungen überführt. Diese Reaktionen verlaufen über Wheland‐Komplexe, also kationische Zwischenstufen, die unter Freisetzung von Protonen rearomatisieren. Demnach sind diese energiereichen Zwischenstufen nichts anderes als protonierte Aromaten und als solche starke Brønsted‐Säuren. Die Bildung von Protonen ist in den seltenen Fällen problematisch, in denen die elektrophile aromatische Substitution reversibel ist. Diese Situation trifft man bei der elektrophilen Silylierung von C‐H‐Bindungen an, bei der der zwischenzeitlich auftretende Wheland‐Komplex durch den β‐Siliciumeffekt energetisch abgesenkt ist. Dadurch ist die Protonierung des silylierten Aromaten leicht möglich, und in der Regel erfolgt die Rückreaktion zum desilylierten Aromaten. Mehrere neue Ansätze, um diese grundsätzliche Herausforderung in der C‐H‐Silylierung durch SEAr zu meistern, wurden kürzlich veröffentlicht, und dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst diese Fortschritte zusammen.
Destructive changes of polymer matrices during preparation, storage, and mechanical testing of neat and C60‐filled polystyrene films
Authors: Chubarova Elena V. , Lebedeva Marina F. , Melenevskaya Elena Yu. , Shamanin Valerii V. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTMechanical properties of filled and neat polystyrene films prepared under the same conditions have been studied. Composite films have been obtained from mixed dilute solutions of polystyrene and C60 fullerene in various solvents by solvent evaporation on glass substrate. Morphology of the composite films has been shown to depend on preparation conditions and to change both with time and during deformation. Mechanical parameters obtained in tensile tests and by dynamic mechanical analysis of filled and unfilled samples have been found to change with molecular weight of the matrix and preparation conditions as well as during testing. Variability of mechanical properties has been shown to be the effect of destructive changes in polymer matrices during preparation, storage, and deformation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44520.
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane/silica aerogel nanocomposite materials
Authors: Dourbash Alireza , Buratti Cinzia , Belloni Elisa , Motahari Siamak 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, silica aerogel (SA)/Rigid Polyurethane (PUR) foam composites and silica aerogel/Polyurethane (PU) composites were prepared by dry mixing of granular and grinded silica aerogels with polyol part. They were then combined with diisocyanate part. Three different types of PUR foams and an elastomeric coating grade of PU were studied as well. Results show that thermal conductivity of foams did not decrease by adding silica aerogel. It even increased for some grades which is assumed to be due to the change in cell configuration of these foams. It was also found that sound insulation performance of these cellular composites did not improve significantly. Unlike foam composites, addition of silica aerogel into elastomeric PU improved its thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Because of the more promising properties of elastomeric PU composites, further examinations including measurements of compression strength and water contact angle of silica aerogel/PU composites were also taken. Final results showed a significant improvement in general properties of PU coatings by adding little amounts of silica aerogel (1–4 wt %). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44521.
In Vivo 3D Analysis of Thoracic Kinematics: Changes in Size and Shape During Breathing and Their Implications for Respiratory Function in Recent Humans and Fossil Hominins
Authors: Bastir Markus , García‐Martínez Daniel , Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , Sanchis‐Gimeno Juan Alberto , O'Higgins Paul , Utrilla Cristina , Torres Sánchez Isabel , García Río Francisco 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe human ribcage expands and contracts during respiration as a result of the interaction between the morphology of the ribs, the costo‐vertebral articulations and respiratory muscles. Variations in these factors are said to produce differences in the kinematics of the upper thorax and the lower thorax, but the extent and nature of any such differences and their functional implications have not yet been quantified. Applying geometric morphometrics we measured 402 three‐dimensional (3D) landmarks and semilandmarks of 3D models built from computed tomographic scans of thoraces of 20 healthy adult subjects in maximal forced inspiration (FI) and expiration (FE). We addressed the hypothesis that upper and lower parts of the ribcage differ in kinematics and compared different models of functional compartmentalization. During inspiration the thorax superior to the level of the sixth ribs undergoes antero‐posterior expansion that differs significantly from the medio‐lateral expansion characteristic of the thorax below this level. This supports previous suggestions for dividing the thorax into a pulmonary and diaphragmatic part. While both compartments differed significantly in mean size and shape during FE and FI the size changes in the lower compartment were significantly larger. Additionally, for the same degree of kinematic shape change, the pulmonary thorax changes less in size than the diaphragmatic thorax. Therefore, variations in the form and function of the diaphragmatic thorax will have a strong impact on respiratory function. This has important implications for interpreting differences in thorax shape in terms of respiratory functional differences within and among recent humans and fossil hominins. Anat Rec, 300:255–264, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mobile augmented reality system to support machinery operations in scholar environments
Authors: Monroy Reyes Alejandro , Vergara Villegas Osslan Osiris , Miranda Bojórquez Erasmo , Cruz Sánchez Vianey Guadalupe , Nandayapa Manuel 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a mobile augmented reality (MAR) system aimed to support students in the use of a milling and lathe machines at a university manufacturing laboratory. The system incorporates 3D models of machinery and tools, text instructions, animations and videos with real processes to enrich the information obtained from the real world. The elements are shown when the user points the camera of a mobile device to specific parts of the machinery, where augmented reality (AR) markers are placed. The main goals of the project were (1) create an AR system that guides inexperienced users in machinery handling and (2) measure the acceptance rate and performance of the system in the school manufacturing laboratory. The guidance is provided by means of virtual information about how to operate the machinery when the trainer is not present. The system was implemented as a mobile app for Android devices and it was tested by 16 students and teachers at the university manufacturing laboratory through a survey. The results of this study revealed that students, laboratory technicians, and teachers had positive opinions and good acceptance about the use of the MAR system in the manufacturing laboratory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:967–981, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21772
The possible FAT1‐mediated apoptotic pathways in porcine cumulus cells
Authors: Wu Xinhui , Fu Yao , Sun Xulei , Liu Chang , Chai Menglong , Chen Chengzhen , Dai Lisheng , Gao Yan , Jiang Hao , Zhang Jiabao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPorcine cumulus cells are localized around oocytes and act as a specific type of granulosa that plays essential roles in the development and maturation of oocytes, the development and atresia of follicles, and the development of embryos. Studies of FAT1 have demonstrated its functions in cell–cell contact, actin dynamics, and cell growth suppression. To understand whether the FAT1 gene affects the apoptosis of porcine cumulus cells and to elucidate the mechanism of this potential action, FAT1 was knocked down using RNA interference. The lack of FAT1 resulted in stable expression of CTNNB, enhanced expression of cleaved CASP3, but decreased the BCL2/BAX ratios at both the mRNA and protein levels. These results indicated that FAT1 inhibited porcine cumulus cell apoptosis via different pathways. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the mechanisms of the association between FAT1 and porcine cumulus cell apoptosis.
Rationale of cerebral protection devices in left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Meincke Felix , Spangenberg Tobias , Kreidel Felix , Frerker Christian , Virmani Renu , Ladich Elena , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Ghanem Alexander 
Published: October 2016

AimsAims of this case‐series were to assess the feasibility of cerebral protection devices in interventional left atrial appendage occlusion (iLAAO) procedures and to yield insight into the pathomorphological correlate of early, procedural cerebral embolization during iLAAO.Methods and ResultsFive consecutive patients underwent iLLO flanked by the Sentinel CPS® (Claret Medical, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA) cerebral protection system. Placement and recapture of the Sentinel® device as well as the iLAAO were successful and safe in all cases. Histomorphometric analysis of the collected filters showed embolized debris in all patients. Acute thrombus was found in three patients, organizing thrombus in four. Interestingly, two patients had endocardial or myocardial tissue in their filters.ConclusionsCerebral protection during iLAAO with the Sentinel CPS® device is feasible. Furthermore, this dataset identifies the formation and embolization of thrombus and cardiac tissue as emboligeneic sources and potential future targets to reduce procedural complications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Perovskite Electrocatalysts with Localized Spins and Orbital Rotation Symmetry
Authors: Sharpe Ryan , Lim Tingbin , Jiao Yunzhe , Niemantsverdriet J. W. (Hans) , Gracia Jose 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have studied, by using ab initio calculations, the electronic properties of electro‐catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with polarised density of states caused by localised spins in the d shell. Oxygen is a molecule in the triplet state (i.e., the outer electrons have parallel spins), which means that the spins localised in the p shell (↑O=O↑), the d shell and the conduction band electrons (t2gnegm) will couple through exchange interactions, which we think will provide favourable conditions for the OER. We compare the perovskites CaCu3Fe4O12 (CCF) and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) with RuO2. CCF and BSCF both have fluctuating electronic structures accessible at room temperature that are linked to conducting spin‐polarised density of states, equivalent to the paramagnetic state of covalent transition metal oxides with fine charge conductivity. CCF and BSCF both possess a considerable number of unpaired electrons localised in the inner d shell, high‐spin configurations and competing inter‐atomic exchange interactions. As a first approximation, the average fluctuation of the magnetisation in the metal atoms correlates linearly with the OER onset potential for the studied compositions. By linking the dynamics of the localised inner‐electron spins to the conduction spins through exchange interactions, we can predict that other perovskites, such as Sr2Fe0.75Co0.25MoO6, will be OER active at room temperature, as they have similar electronic properties to CCF and BSCF.
Organocatalytic Vinyl Azide‐Carbonyl [3+2] Cycloaddition: High‐Yielding Synthesis of Fully Decorated N‐Vinyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Reddy G. Surendra , Peraka Swamy , Gujral Jagjeet 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor the first time, an enolate‐mediated organocatalytic vinyl azide‐carbonyl [3+2] cycloaddition (OrgVACC) of various ketones/aldehydes with vinyl azides is reported. It is an efficient intermolecular reaction with excellent outcomes with reference to rate, yield, selectivity, operational simplicity, substrate scope, catalyst simplicity, and vast applications.
Generalized Nernst Layer Model: Application to Bromate Anion Electroreduction and Theory for the Stationary 1D Regime of Proton Transport Limitations
Authors: Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. , Antipov Anatoly 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTheoretical analysis has been developed for the reduction process of the non‐electroactive bromate anion through an autocatalytic cycle composed of the reversible Br2‐to‐Br− transformation and the irreversible (owing to high acidity of the solution) comproportionation reaction. Owing to the autocatalytic character of this redox‐mediating cycle (EC′′ mechanism) even a tracer amount of Br2 in the bulk solution may result in enormous values of the reduction current, which are determined by the diffusion‐limited flux of either bromate anions or protons. The latter case has been analyzed in this study within the framework of the generalized Nernst layer model, which takes into account the non‐equality of the diffusion layer thicknesses for H+, Br−, and Br2 species because of the difference in their diffusion coefficients, as evident from the Levich formula for the rotating disk electrode (RDE). Approximate analytical expressions for all characteristics of the system have been derived for two regimes corresponding either to “weak currents” or to a “thin kinetic layer”. In particular, the maximal current for the diffusion‐limited conditions turned out to depend on the ratio of the diffusion layer thicknesses for H+ and Br2, that is, of their diffusion coefficients.
Insight into Oxide‐Bridged Heterobimetallic Al/Zr Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Boulho Cédric , Zijlstra Harmen S. , Hofmann Alexander , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReaction of (TBBP)AlMe⋅THF with [Cp*2Zr(Me)OH] gave [(TBBP)Al(THF)−O−Zr(Me)Cp*2] (TBBP=3,3’,5,5’‐tetra‐tBu‐2,2'‐biphenolato). Reaction of [DIPPnacnacAl(Me)−O−Zr(Me)Cp2] with [PhMe2NH]+[B(C6F5)4]− gave a cationic Al/Zr complex that could be structurally characterized as its THF adduct [(DIPPnacnac)Al(Me)−O−Zr(THF)Cp2]+[B(C6F5)4]− (DIPPnacnac=HC[(Me)C=N(2,6‐iPr2−C6H3)]2). The first complex polymerizes ethene in the presence of an alkylaluminum scavenger but in the absence of methylalumoxane (MAO). The adduct cation is inactive under these conditions. Theoretical calculations show very high energy barriers (ΔG=40–47 kcal mol−1) for ethene insertion with a bridged AlOZr catalyst. This is due to an unfavorable six‐membered‐ring transition state, in which the methyl group bridges the metal and ethene with an obtuse metal‐Me‐C angle that prevents synchronized bond‐breaking and making. A more‐likely pathway is dissociation of the Al‐O‐Zr complex into an aluminate and the active polymerization catalyst [Cp*2ZrMe]+.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Garnet‐Type Li7La3Hf2O12:Eu3+.
Authors: Leonidov Ivan I. , Baklanova Yana V. , Maksimova Lidiya G. , Tyutyunnik Alexander P. , Akashev Lev A. , Vovkotrub Emma G. , Denisova Tatyana A. , Zubkov Vladimir G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA series of polycrystalline Li7La3‐xEuxHf2O12 (x = 0.05—0.20) is prepared by calcination of a mixture of Li2CO3, La2O3, Eu2O3, and HfO2 using a 10 wt% Li excess (Al2O3 crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of La11+xHg45‐x and RE11Hg44.5 (RE: Nd, Sm) as Hettotypes of the Sm11Cd45 Structure Type
Authors: Tambornino Frank , Schwaerzer Kuno , Hoch Constantin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Hg‐rich amalgams La11,7Hg44,03 (I), Nd11Hg44.5 (II), and Sm11Hg44.5 (III) are prepared by dissolving the lanthanoid metals in a Hg surplus (evacuated glass ampoule, 300 °C, 12 h) followed by removal of excess Hg via distillation.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Structure, and Optical Properties of LiGaGe2Se6.
Authors: Yelisseyev Alexander P. , Isaenko Ludmila I. , Krinitsin Pavel , Liang Fei , Goloshumova Alina A. , Naumov Dmitry Yu. , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe title compound is prepared from the elements (750 °C, 2 d) and large single crystals are obtained by the Bridgman‐Stockbarger method.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Manganese Dioxide by Dissolved Lithium in Liquid Ammonia for Li‐Mn‐O Spinels.
Authors: Xu Minwei , Zhang Yin , Que Wenxiu , Song Xiaoping , Zhou Chao , Yang Sen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLi1.12Mn1.88O4 spinel is synthesized by reduction of MnO2 by lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia (‐33 °C) and subsequent heat treatment (600—700 °C, 5—10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Solution Photocatalyst with Spontaneous Polarization Exhibiting Low Recombination Toward Efficient CO2 Photoreduction.
Authors: Zhou Peng , Wang Xin , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn view of efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, growth of a polar GaN:ZnO solid solution single crystal along its polarization axis is performed by molten salt ion exchange (space group P63mc, powder XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Cationic Network of Thorium Iodate Chloride with Unique Halogen—Halogen Bonds.
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Wang Yaxing , Wang Congzhi , Chen Lanhua , Shi Weiqun , Diwu Juan , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe new compound [Th3O2(IO3)5(OH)2]Cl is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Th(NO3)4, HIO3, and KCl (autoclave, 230 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation and One‐Pot Twofold Unsymmetrical C—H Functionalization of Arenes.
Authors: Ghosh Koushik , Rit Raja K. , Ramesh E. , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMethyl phenyl sulfoximine is used as a directing group in the ruthenium‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of alkene‐tethered benzoic acid derivatives to afford dihydrobenzofurans and indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Trapping of 1,2‐Cyclohexadienes with 1,3‐Dipoles.
Authors: Lofstrand Verner A. , West Frederick G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract1,2‐Cyclohexadienes are transient intermediates that undergo rapid dimerization and intermolecular trapping with activated olefins and heteroatomic nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: The Highly Selective Metal‐Free Oxidation of Sulfides, Tellurides and Phosphines Using Sodium Bromate in the Presence of Recyclable Ionic Liquid [bmim]HSO4, at 80 °C.
Authors: Rajeswari M. , Lumb Anshika , Khurana Jitender M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA range of sulfones, telluroxides, and phosphine oxides is prepared under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydroxydiboron‐Mediated Palladium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation and Deuteriation of Alkenes and Alkynes Using Water as the Stoichiometric H or D Atom Donor.
Authors: Cummings Steven P. , Le Thanh‐Ngoc , Fernandez Gilberto E. , Quiambao Lorenzo G. , Stokes Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbons is achieved in high yields using tetrahydroxydiboron B2(OH)4 as the reagent and water as hydrogen source.