bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual Colorimetric/Fluorescence System for Determining pH Based on the Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of an o‐Hydroxymerocyanine Dye
Authors: Yue Yongkang , Huo Fangjun , Lee Songyi , Yin Caixia , Yoon Juyoung , Chao Jianbin , Zhang Yongbin , Cheng Fangqin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOwing to their ability to monitor pH in a precise and rapid manner, optical probes have widely been developed for biological and nonbiological applications. The strategies thus far employed to determine pH rely on two types of processes including reversible protonation of amine nitrogen atoms and deprotonation of phenols. We have developed a novel dual, colorimetric/fluorescence system for determining the pH of a solution. This system utilizes an o‐hydroxymerocyanine dye that undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction that subsequently causes reversible structural changes interconverting a merocyanine to a spirocyanine and a spirocyanine to a spiropyran. It was demonstrated that the dye can be employed to measure the pH of solutions in the 2.5–5.75 and 9.6–11.8 ranges with color changes from yellow to dark blue and then to lavender. Moreover, the fluorescence response associated with the spirocyanine–spiropyran transformation of the dye occurring in alkaline solutions provides a precise method.
Potential risks associated with traditional herbal medicine use in cancer care: A study of Middle Eastern oncology health care professionals
Authors: Ben‐Arye Eran , Samuels Noah , Goldstein Lee Hilary , Mutafoglu Kamer , Omran Suha , Schiff Elad , Charalambous Haris , Dweikat Tahani , Ghrayeb Ibtisam , Bar‐Sela Gil , Turker Ibrahim , Hassan Azza , Hassan Esmat , Saad Bashar , Nimri Omar , Kebudi Rejin , Silbermann Michael 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe authors assessed the use of herbal medicine by Middle Eastern patients with cancer, as reported by their oncology health care professionals (HCPs). Herbal products identified by the study HCPs were evaluated for potential negative effects.METHODSOncology HCPs from 16 Middle Eastern countries received a 17‐item questionnaire asking them to list 5 herbal products in use by their patients with cancer. A literature search (PubMed, Micromedex, AltMedDex, and the Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database) was conducted to identify safety‐related concerns associated with the products listed.RESULTSA total of 339 HCPs completed the study questionnaire (response rate of 80.3%), identifying 44 herbal and 3 nonherbal nutritional supplements. Safety‐related concerns were associated with 29 products, including herb‐drug interactions with altered pharmacodynamics (15 herbs), direct toxic effects (18 herbs), and increased in vitro response of cancer cells to chemotherapy (7 herbs).CONCLUSIONSHerbal medicine use, which is prevalent in Middle Eastern countries, has several potentially negative effects that include direct toxic effects, negative interactions with anticancer drugs, and increased chemosensitivity of cancer cells, requiring a reduction in dosedensity. Oncology HCPs working in countries in which herbal medicine use is prevalent need to better understand the implications of this practice. The presence of integrative physicians with training in complementary and traditional medicine can help patients and their HCPs reach an informed decision regarding the safety and effective use of these products. Cancer 2016;122:598–610. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
2D Transition Metal Oxides/Hydroxides for Energy‐Storage Applications
Authors: Tan Hui Teng , Sun Wenping , Wang Libo , Yan Qingyu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe development of 2‐dimensional materials has expanded beyond the realm of graphene, and now includes inorganic 2‐dimensional transition metal oxides/hydroxides, which show promise for a wide range of applications. As an emerging class of nanoscale materials, they show unprecedented properties that are unattainable in their bulk lamellar systems, which can be attributed to their confined thickness compared to several tens of micrometer lateral dimensions. Such qualities make them viable candidates for battery and supercapacitor applications. There are a few challenges ahead for 2‐dimensional transition metal oxides/hydroxides, including the limited types of 2‐dimensional parent materials in bulk form, the controlled synthesis of 2‐dimensional nanostructures with nonlayered structures, and the ability to control the properties of layers by tuning the chemistry and nanoscopic features. This Focus Review will cover the research landscape of 2‐dimensional transition metal oxides/hydroxides, ranging from synthetic approaches, to understanding the properties that emerge at the single‐layer scale, to exploiting these properties in both new and existing technologies.
Ultrasonic Mastering of Filter Flow and Antifouling of Renewable Resources
Authors: Radziuk Darya , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInadequate access to pure water and sanitation requires new cost‐effective, ergonomic methods with less consumption of energy and chemicals, leaving the environment cleaner and sustainable. Among such methods, ultrasound is a unique means to control the physics and chemistry of complex fluids (wastewater) with excellent performance regarding mass transfer, cleaning, and disinfection. In membrane filtration processes, it overcomes diffusion limits and can accelerate the fluid flow towards the filter preventing antifouling. Here, we outline the current state of knowledge and technological design, with a focus on physicochemical strategies of ultrasound for water cleaning. We highlight important parameters of ultrasound for the delivery of a fluid flow from a technical perspective employing principles of physics and chemistry. By introducing various ultrasonic methods, involving bubbles or cavitation in combination with external fields, we show advancements in flow acceleration and mass transportation to the filter. In most cases we emphasize the main role of streaming and the impact of cavitation with a perspective to prevent and remove fouling deposits during the flow. We also elaborate on the deficiencies of present technologies and on problems to be solved to achieve a wide‐spread application.
Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material
Authors: Budarin Vitaliy L. , Clark James H. , Henschen Jonatan , Farmer Thomas J. , Macquarrie Duncan J. , Mascal Mark , Nagaraja Gundibasappa K. , Petchey Tabitha H. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe lignin by‐product of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) has been characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, N2 physisorption porosimetry, attenuated internal reflectance IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The lignin (LCMF) has a moderate level of mesoporosity before thermal treatment and a surface area of 63 m2 g−1, which increases dramatically on pyrolysis at temperatures above 400 °C. An assessment of the functionality and textural properties of the material was achieved by analysing LCMF treated thermally over a range of pyrolysis temperatures. Samples were sulfonated to test their potential as heterogeneous acid catalysts in the esterification of levulinic acid. It was shown that unpyrolysed catalysts gave the highest ester yields of up to 93 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of mesoporous lignin with an appreciable surface area that is produced directly from a bio‐refinery process and with further textural modification of the material demonstrated.
The vicious circle of religious prejudice: Islamophobia makes the acculturation attitudes of majority and minority members clash
Authors: Kunst Jonas R. , Sadeghi Talieh , Tahir Hajra , Sam David , Thomsen Lotte 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPublic discourse often portrays Islam as the main obstacle for Muslim minorities' integration, paying little attention to the contextual factors hindering this process. Here, we focus on islamophobia as one destructive factor that hinders the mutual integration between Muslim minority and Western majority members, affecting both groups. In Study 1, the more islamophobic majority members were, the more they expected Muslims to give up their heritage culture and the less they wanted them to integrate. In Study 2, only when Muslims experienced substantial religious discrimination did religious identity negatively relate to national engagement and particularly positively relate to ethnic engagement. Together, the studies suggest that religious prejudice in the form of islamophobia is a major obstacle to Muslims' integration because it increases the incongruity between majority and minority members' acculturation attitudes.
A framework for screening sites at risk from contaminants of emerging concern
Authors: Diamond Jerry , Munkittrick Kelly , Kapo Katherine E. , Flippin Jennifer 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Trace levels of a variety of currently unregulated organic chemicals have been detected in treated wastewater effluents and surface waters that receive treated effluents. Many of these chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) originate from pharmaceuticals and personal care products that are used widely and that frequently are transported “down the drain” to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Actual effects of CECs on aquatic life have been difficult to document, although biological effects consistent with effects of some CECs have been noted. There is a critical need to find appropriate ways to screen wastewater sites that have the greatest potential of CEC risk to biota. Building on the work of several researchers, the authors present a screening framework, as well as examples based on the framework, designed to identify high-risk versus lower-risk sites that are influenced by WWTP effluent. It is hoped that this framework can help researchers, utilities, and the larger water resource community focus efforts toward improving CEC risk determinations and management of these risks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2671–2681. © 2015 SETAC
Disparity between state fish consumption advisory systems for methylmercury and US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations: A case study of the south central United States
Authors: Adams Kimberly J. , Drenner Ray W. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Donato David I. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Fish consumption advisories are used to inform citizens in the United States about noncommercial game fish with hazardous levels of methylmercury (MeHg). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) suggests issuing a fish consumption advisory when concentrations of MeHg in fish exceed a human health screening value of 300 ng/g. However, states have authority to develop their own systems for issuing fish consumption advisories for MeHg. Five states in the south central United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas) issue advisories for the general human population when concentrations of MeHg exceed 700 ng/g to 1000 ng/g. The objective of the present study was to estimate the increase in fish consumption advisories that would occur if these states followed USEPA recommendations. The authors used the National Descriptive Model of Mercury in Fish to estimate the mercury concentrations in 5 size categories of largemouth bass–equivalent fish at 766 lentic and lotic sites within the 5 states. The authors found that states in this region have not issued site-specific fish consumption advisories for most of the water bodies that would have such advisories if USEPA recommendations were followed. One outcome of the present study may be to stimulate discussion between scientists and policy makers at the federal and state levels about appropriate screening values to protect the public from the health hazards of consuming MeHg-contaminated game fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:247–251. © 2015 SETAC
Impact of xerostomia on dysphagia after chemotherapy–intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: Prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Vainshtein Jeffrey M. , Samuels Stuart , Tao Yebin , Lyden Teresa , Haxer Marc , Spector Matthew , Schipper Matthew , Eisbruch Avraham 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess how xerostomia affects dysphagia.MethodsProspective longitudinal studies of 93 patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with definitive chemotherapy–intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Observer‐rated dysphagia (ORD), patient‐reported dysphagia (PRD), and patient‐reported xerostomia (PRX) assessment of the swallowing mechanics by videofluoroscopy (videofluoroscopy score), and salivary flow rates, were prospectively assessed from pretherapy through 2 years.ResultsORD grades ≥2 were rare and therefore not modeled. Of patients with no/mild videofluoroscopy abnormalities, a substantial proportion had PRD that peaked 3 months posttherapy and subsequently improved. Through 2 years, highly significant correlations were observed between PRX and PRD scores for all patients, including those with no/mild videofluoroscopy abnormalities. Both PRX and videofluoroscopy scores were highly significantly associated with PRD. On multivariate analysis, PRX score was a stronger predictor of PRD than the videofluoroscopy score.ConclusionXerostomia contributes significantly to PRD. Efforts to further decrease xerostomia, in addition to sparing parotid glands, may translate into improvements in PRD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1605–E1612, 2016
Running per se stimulates the dendritic arbor of newborn dentate granule cells in mouse hippocampus in a duration‐dependent manner
Authors: Dostes Sandrine , Dubreucq Sarah , Ladevèze Elodie , Marsicano Giovanni , Abrous Djoher N. , Chaouloff Francis , Koehl Muriel 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTLaboratory rodents provided chronic unlimited access to running wheels display increased neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In addition, recent studies indicate that such an access to wheels stimulates dendritic arborization in newly formed neurons. However, (i) the presence of the running wheel in the housing environment might also bear intrinsic influences on the number and shape of new neurons and (ii) the dendritic arborization of new neurons might be insensitive to moderate daily running activity (i.e., several hours). In keeping with these uncertainties, we have examined neurogenesis and dendritic arborization in newly formed granular cells in adult C57Bl/6N male mice housed for 3 weeks under standard conditions, with a locked wheel, with a running wheel set free 3 h/day, or with a running wheel set permanently free. The results indicate that the presence of a blocked wheel in the home cage increased cell proliferation, but not the number of new neurons while running increased in a duration‐dependent manner the number of newborn neurons, as assessed by DCX labeling. Morphological analyses of the dendritic tree of newborn neurons, as identified by BrdU‐DCX co‐staining, revealed that although the presence of the wheel stimulated their dendritic architecture, the amplitude of this effect was lower than that elicited by running activity, and was found to be running duration‐dependent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the Role of Leadership in Enabling Contextual Ambidexterity
Authors: Havermans Liselore A. , Den Hartog Deanne N. , Keegan Anne , Uhl‐Bien Mary 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSustainable success calls for contextually ambidextrous organizing. According to theory, this entails enabling simultaneous high levels of exploration and exploitation within a subsystem. The practices involved in enabling contextual ambidexterity form a major and relatively unexplored leadership challenge. Our main aim is to draw on a combination of ambidexterity and complexity theory insights to understand how contextual ambidexterity emerges in dynamic contexts. We contribute to the literature on the role of leadership in enabling contextual ambidexterity by exploring the daily practices leaders enact to stimulate exploration and exploitation as well as to shift dynamically between them to (re)gain contextual ambidexterity. We present the results of two qualitative studies exploring leadership in project‐based organizations where the pressure for contextual ambidexterity is relevant. We show that in responding adaptively to environmental stimuli, leaders shift between practices to emphasize exploitation or exploration to (re)gain the needed high levels of both, and their enactments are bounded by the conditions of keeping exploration and exploitation simultaneously high. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding contextual ambidexterity as a dynamic accomplishment that emerges in everyday interactions, the role of leaders in enabling contextual ambidexterity, and the need for HR managers to support leaders in enacting this dynamic form of leadership. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Empowering GaN HEMT models: The gateway for power amplifier design
Authors: Crupi Giovanni , Vadalà Valeria , Colantonio Paolo , Cipriani Elisa , Caddemi Alina , Vannini Giorgio , Schreurs Dominique M. M.‐P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this invited paper is to give readers a comprehensive and critical overview on how to extract equivalent‐circuit models for GaN HEMTs, which are the preferred devices for high‐power high‐frequency applications. This overview is meant to provide a practical modeling know‐how for this advanced type of transistor, in order to support its development for improving device technology and circuit design. With the aim to broaden knowledge to empower models, experimental results are presented as illustrative examples of the most crucial challenges faced by the microwave engineers in modeling high‐power GaN HEMTs. All the relevant aspects are covered, going from linear (also noise) to nonlinear models. The analysis is mainly focused on the modeling of distinctive peculiarities of GaN HEMTs. Particular attention is paid to study the importance of accurately modeling the kink effect in the output reflection coefficient, because of the relatively high transconductance, the peak in the magnitude of the short circuit current‐gain, because of the relatively large intrinsic capacitances, and the low‐frequency dispersion, because of trapping and thermal effects. Furthermore, to emphasize the key role of accurate device models for a successful circuit design, a practical example of power amplifier is discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electro‐Optic and Dielectric Studies on Quantum Dot Doped Nematic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Gupta R. K. , Kumar Sandeep , Manjuladevi V. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryLiquid crystals are shape anisotropic organic materials which find many applications in a wide variety of fields such as display technology, bioscience and surface science. On doping the liquid crystals with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes the switching properties can be altered. In this report, the electro‐optic and dielectric properties of cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) doped nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is presented. The nematic liquid crystal was doped with different concentrations of the semiconducting QDs. The nematic to isotropic (N‐I) transition temperature for doped sample is comparable to that of pure NLC. The doped sample is found to have a lower threshold voltage than that of pure NLC. The value of threshold voltage decreases with increasing concentration of the QDs. The dielectric permittivity is estimated as a function of temperature in both planar and homeotropic geometry. Doping QDs led to increase in dielectric anisotropy in comparison with that of pure liquid crystal. The result showed that the incorporation of QDs into NLC provides a way to improve the performance of LC based devices.
Large Scale Preparation of Polyethylene Based Ion Exchange Membranes and Their Application for Water Desalination
Authors: Kulshrestha Vaibhav , Chatterjee Uma , Sharma Saroj , Makwana B. S. , Maru P. D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHere in we are reporting the large scale preparation and characterization of polyethylene (PE) based interpolymer ion exchange membranes (IEMs) and their performance evaluation during water desalination by electrodialysis. The cation exchange membrane (CEM) has been prepared from cross‐linked PE/polystyrene interpolymer film and the anion exchange membrane (AEM) has been prepared from cross‐linked PE/polypmethylstyrene based interpolymer film by suitable functionalization reaction. Both the prepared CEM and AEM exhibited 1.5–1.30 meq g−1 ion‐exchange capacity, 2.85–1.15 m Scm−1 ionic conductivity and 0.92–0.93 transport number respectively. The prepared AEM and CEM were used for brackish water desalination containing total solid content (2000–3000 mg/L) by electrodialysis in a unit of size 200 cm2 using 30 pieces of each kind of membrane under single pass mode with final flow of purified water 7.2–8.4 L/h. The power consumption (W) and current efficiency (CE %) of the desalination processes were 0.789–0.796 kWh/kg and 87–86% respectively. On the contrary the W and CE% values were 1.125–1.07 kWh/kg and 61–64% for commercial IONSEP membranes during water desalination under similar experimental condition. These values indicate the better performance of developed membranes and established the validation of the process in large scale.
Optical and Structural Study of Polyaniline/Polystyrene Composite Films
Authors: Kumar Anil , Jangir Lokesh Kumar , Kumari Yogita , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Vinod , Awasthi Kamlendra 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPolyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by oxidative polymerization method using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as an oxidising agent. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) results confirm the emerlandine salt formation of PANI. Polystyrene and PANI based composites were prepared by solution cast method. Ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry (UV‐Vis) results of polymer composite film in the range of 200–400 nm indicate the interaction between neighbouring phenyl groups. Structural properties of the composite films were determined by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological changes of PS‐PANI film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical micrographs.
The basics of calibration procedure and estimation of uncertainty budget for meteorological temperature sensors
Authors: Grykałowska Agnieszka , Kowal Aleksandra , Szmyrka‐Grzebyk Anna 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe primary aim of this study was to develop the basic principles for calibration of meteorological temperature sensors. The sensors commonly used in the meteorological community were calibrated using a comparison method in the temperature range from −40 to +50 °C. Measurements were carried out using a typical liquid thermostatic bath and a climatic chamber. The experiments allowed the identification of characteristics for each calibration system and the definition of metrological parameters for sensors used in weather stations. Components of uncertainty budget were identified and estimated, and the total uncertainty was calculated. The calibration procedure allowed to reach the uncertainty of calibration in a liquid–air equipment U < 0.10 °C and in a climatic chamber: 0.27 °C ≤ U ≤ 0.99 °C. Presented outcomes were obtained as a result of the project MeteoMet – Metrology for Meteorology.