bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband multilayer Sierpinski carpet array radar absorber
Authors: Noor A. , Hu Z. 
Published: August 2016

A novel multilayered wideband microwave absorber based on lossy Sierpinski carpet array has been proposed. The absorber consists of four layers of Sierpinski carpet arrays composed of lossy materials with varying conductivities. The absorber has −10 dB absorption bandwidth of more than two octaves for normally incident wave and p‐polarised obliquely incident wave, from 6 to 40 GHz. The thickness of the absorber is 7.2 mm. The structure does not contain any lumped elements and hence can be realised using 3D printing technology.
Differential lipid binding of vinculin isoforms promotes quasi-equivalent dimerization
Authors: Chinthalapudi Krishna , Rangarajan Erumbi S. , Brown David T. , Izard Tina 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Debilitating heart conditions, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), are often due to inherited or acquired mutations in genes that encode specific components of adhesion complexes. In muscle tissue, some of these adhesion complexes have specialized structures, called intercalated discs, which are important for contraction and coordinated movement. Here we provide molecular insights into the cytoskeletal protein metavinculin, which is necessary for the proper development and maintenance of heart tissue and is mutated in human DCM and HCM. We show that the binding of lipid causes metavinculin to dimerize and involves a specific metavinculin amino acid associated with severe DCM/HCM. Collectively, our studies provide insight into how such metavinculin mutations in components of adhesion complexes lead to cardiomyopathies.
Climate warming reduces fish production and benthic habitat in Lake Tanganyika, one of the most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Cohen Andrew S. , Gergurich Elizabeth L. , Kraemer Benjamin M. , McGlue Michael M. , McIntyre Peter B. , Russell James M. , Simmons Jack D. , Swarzenski Peter W. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Understanding how climate change affects ecosystem productivity is critical for managing fisheries and sustaining biodiversity. African lakes are warming rapidly, potentially jeopardizing both their high endemic biodiversity and important fisheries. Using paleoecological records from Lake Tanganyika, we show that declines in commercially important fishes and endemic molluscs have accompanied lake warming. Ongoing declines in fishery species began well before the advent of commercial fishing in the mid-20th century. Warming has intensified the stratification of the water column, thereby trapping nutrients in deep water where they cannot fuel primary production and food webs. Simultaneously, warming has enlarged the low-oxygen zone, considerably narrowing the coastal habitat where most of Tanganyika’s endemic species are found.
Ab initio molecular dynamics of solvation effects on reactivity at electrified interfaces
Authors: Herron Jeffrey A. , Morikawa Yoshitada , Mavrikakis Manos 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Low-temperature fuel cells are efficient energy conversion devices that face a number of hurdles toward commercialization, including difficulties in storing hydrogen. Methanol represents a liquid-phase fuel alternative to hydrogen, yet the high cost of Pt-based catalysts limits fuel cells’ economic viability. Toward improved, lower-cost catalyst design, a fundamental understanding of the methanol electrooxidation reaction mechanism is necessary. Density functional theory calculations have become invaluable in elucidating these reaction mechanisms, although the complex reaction environment including solvation of a charged electrode has been a challenge to model. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, via the Blue Moon Ensemble, we have investigated methanol electrooxidation on a solvated and charged Pt(111) surface to understand the effect of solvation and charge on the reaction energetics.
miR-579-3p controls melanoma progression and resistance to target therapy
Authors: Fattore Luigi , Mancini Rita , Acunzo Mario , Romano Giulia , Laganà Alessandro , Pisanu Maria Elena , Malpicci Debora , Madonna Gabriele , Mallardo Domenico , Capone Marilena , Fulciniti Franco , Mazzucchelli Luca , Botti Gerardo , Croce Carlo M. , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Ciliberto Gennaro 
Published: August 2016

Significance
In this paper we identify a previously poorly characterized miRNA, namely miR-579-3p, as a master regulator of melanoma progression and drug resistance. Our results underscore the complexity of adaptive mechanisms that help the establishment of resistance to target therapies and the necessity to identify them to develop more effective combination therapies.
Regulatory evolution of
Tbx5
and the origin of paired appendages
Authors: Adachi Noritaka , Robinson Molly , Goolsbee Aden , Shubin Neil H. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Extant vertebrates include jawless and jawed species. Jawless vertebrates, such as lamprey and hagfish, do not possess paired fins, whereas jawed vertebrates have two pairs of appendages. Although paired appendages are important in performing complex movements, including swimming, burrowing, and flying, their evolutionary origin remains elusive. In this study, we compare jawless and jawed vertebrate embryos and identify fundamental differences in the expression and regulation of a gene that is essential for the pectoral fin and girdle formation. Our data suggest that modification of the expression and regulation of this gene is coincident with the origin of paired appendages.
Development of the Q  =  10 scenario for ITER on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG)
Authors: Schweinzer J. , Beurskens M. , Frassinetti L. , Joffrin E. , Bobkov V. , Dux R. , Fischer R. , Fuchs C. , Kallenbach A. , Hopf C. , Lang P.T. , Mlynek A. , Pütterich T. , Ryter F. , Stober J. , Tardini G. , Wolfrum E. , Zohm H. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The development of the baseline H-mode scenario foreseen for ITER on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, i.e. discharges at q
95  =  3, relatively low β
N ~ 1.8, high normalized density n/n
GW ~ 0.85 and high triangularity δ  =  0.4, focused on the integration of elements foreseen for ITER and available on ASDEX Upgrade, such as ELM mitigation techniques and impurity seeding in combination with a metallic wall. Values for density and energy confinement simultaneously came close to the requirements of the ITER baseline scenario as long as β
N stayed above 2. At lower heating power and thus lower β
N normalized energy confinement H
98y2 ~ 0.85 is obtained. It has been found that stationary discharges are not easily achieved under these conditions due to the low natural ELM frequency occurring at the low q
95/high δ operational point. Up until now the ELM parameters were uncontrollable with the tools developed in other scenarios. Therefore studies on an alternative operational point at higher β
N and q
95 have been conducted. In order to prepare for the ITER first non-activation operational phase, Helium operation has been investigated as well.
Controlling the half-metallicity of Heusler/Si(1 1 1) interfaces by a monolayer of Si–Co–Si
Authors: Nedelkoski Zlatko , Kepaptsoglou Demie , Ghasemi Arsham , Achinuq Barat , Hasnip Philip J , Yamada Shinya , Hamaya Kohei , Ramasse Quentin M , Hirohata Atsufumi , Lazarov Vlado K 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
By using first-principles calculations we show that the spin-polarization reverses its sign at atomically abrupt interfaces between the half-metallic Co2(Fe,Mn)(Al,Si) and Si(1 1 1). This unfavourable spin-electronic configuration at the Fermi-level can be completely removed by introducing a Si–Co–Si monolayer at the interface. In addition, this interfacial monolayer shifts the Fermi-level from the valence band edge close to the conduction band edge of Si. We show that such a layer is energetically favourable to exist at the interface. This was further confirmed by direct observations of CoSi2 nano-islands at the interface, by employing atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy.
SRinversion: a tool for detecting short inversions by splitting and re-aligning poorly mapped and unmapped sequencing reads
Authors: Chen Ruoyan , Lau Yu Lung , Zhang Yan , Yang Wanling 
Published: August 2016

Motivation: Rapid development in sequencing technologies has dramatically improved our ability to detect genetic variants in human genome. However, current methods have variable sensitivities in detecting different types of genetic variants. One type of such genetic variants that is especially hard to detect is inversions. Analysis of public databases showed that few short inversions have been reported so far. Unlike reads that contain small insertions or deletions, which will be considered through gap alignment, reads carrying short inversions often have poor mapping quality or are unmapped, thus are often not further considered. As a result, the majority of short inversions might have been overlooked and require special algorithms for their detection.
Results: Here, we introduce SRinversion, a framework to analyze poorly mapped or unmapped reads by splitting and re-aligning them for the purpose of inversion detection. SRinversion is very sensitive to small inversions and can detect those less than 10 bp in size. We applied SRinversion to both simulated data and high-coverage sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project and compared the results with those from Pindel, BreakDancer, DELLY, Gustaf and MID. A better performance of SRinversion was achieved for both datasets for the detection of small inversions.
Availability and Implementation: SRinversion is implemented in Perl and is publicly available at http://paed.hku.hk/genome/software/SRinversion/index.html.
Contact: yangwl@hku.hk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The ‘omics’ revolution: redefining the understanding and treatment of allergic skin diseases
Authors: Oliva Margeaux , Renert-Yuval Yael , Guttman-Yassky Emma 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
To evaluate how the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles of allergic skin diseases, like atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis, contribute to their understanding and promote their therapeutic development.

Recent findings
The ‘-omics’ revolution has facilitated the quantification of inflammatory skin diseases at the molecular level, expanding our understanding of disease pathogenesis. It has also greatly expanded once-limited treatment options and improved the ability to define posttreatment improvements, beyond clinical scores. The findings on the genomic/transcriptomic level are also complemented by proteomic data, contributing to the understanding of the later changes taking place in the final stages of protein formation. Atopic dermatitis is defined as a Th2/Th22 polarized disease with some contributions of Th17 and Th1 pathways. In atopic dermatitis, studies of biologics and small molecules, targeting specific pathways upregulated in atopic dermatitis, seem to provide well tolerated alternatives to conventional immunosuppressive therapies (i.e. corticosteroids and cyclosporine A), particularly for severe patients. Allergic contact dermatitis is defined as having Th1/Th17-centered inflammation, especially with nickel-induced disease, but additional pathways, including Th2 and Th22, are upregulated with other allergens (i.e. fragrance).

Summary
Supplementing studies of allergic skin diseases with ‘-omics’ approaches are transforming the pathogenic understanding, diagnosis and, perhaps, also the treatment of these diseases.
Population Health Science: A Core Element of Health Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hiatt Robert A. , Engmann Natalie J. , Ahmed Mushtaq , Amarsi Yasmin , Macharia William M. , Macfarlane Sarah B. , Ngugi Anthony K. , Rabbani Fauziah , Walraven Gijs , Armstrong Robert W. 
Published: August 2016

Sub-Saharan Africa suffers an inordinate burden of disease and does not have the numbers of suitably trained health care workers to address this challenge. New concepts in health sciences education are needed to offer alternatives to current training approaches.
A perspective of integrated training in population health for undergraduate medical and nursing education is advanced, rather than continuing to take separate approaches for clinical and public health education. Population health science educates students in the social and environmental origins of disease, thus complementing disease-specific training and providing opportunities for learners to take the perspective of the community as a critical part of their education.
Many of the recent initiatives in health science education in sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, and two case studies of innovative change in undergraduate medical education are presented that begin to incorporate such population health thinking. The focus is on East Africa, one of the most rapidly growing economies in sub-Saharan Africa where opportunities for change in health science education are opening. The authors conclude that a focus on population health is a timely and effective way for enhancing training of health care professionals to reduce the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Internationally Educated Health Professionals in Canada: Navigating Three Policy Subsystems Along the Pathway to Practice
Authors: Paul Robert , Martimianakis Maria Athina (Tina) , Johnstone Julie , McNaughton Nancy , Austin Zubin 
Published: August 2016

The integration of internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) into the health workforces of their adopted countries is an issue that has challenged policy makers and policy scholars for decades. In this article, the authors explore the implications of the ideological underpinnings of the policy subsystems that IEHPs must navigate in seeking employment in Canada, with a focus on Ontario.
Using a policy subsystem approach, in 2015 the authors analyzed a large preexisting data set composed of articles, governmental reports, Web sites, and transcripts of interviews and focus groups conducted in Ontario with IEHPs, health care executives, human resource managers, and job counselors to IEHPs. Through this analysis, they identified three policy subsystems—the immigration system, the educational and licensure/regulatory system, and the health human resources system—that conflict ideologically and, as a result, create barriers to IEHP integration.
To make substantive progress on IEHP integration in Canada, four questions should be considered. First, how can researchers bring new research methods to bear to explore why no jurisdiction has been able to create an integrated pathway to practice for IEHPs? Second, how and to what end are the institutions within the three policy subsystems regulating the IEHP pathway to practice? Third, how might the educational and licensure/regulatory policy subsystem create alternative health care employment options for IEHPs? Finally, how might health professions educators pursue a leadership role in the creation of an overarching institution to manage the pathway to practice for IEHPs?
The Availability of Ancillary Counseling in the Practices of Physicians Prescribing Buprenorphine
Authors: Barry Declan T. , Fazzino Tera , Necrason Emily , Ginn Joel , Fiellin Lynn E. , Fiellin David A. , Moore Brent A. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
We set out to examine physicians’ perceptions of the provision of ancillary services for opioid dependent patients receiving buprenorphine.

Methods:
An e-mail invitation describing the study was sent out by the American Society of Addiction Medicine to its membership (approximately 3700 physicians) and other entities (for a total of approximately 7000 e-mail addresses). E-mail recipients were invited to participate in a research study funded by the National Institutes on Drug Abuse involving completion of an online survey; 346 physicians completed the survey.

Results:
The majority of the 346 respondents were internal or family medicine (37%), or addiction medicine providers (30%), who were practicing in urban (57%) or suburban settings (27%). Most respondents reported either offering (66%) or referring patients for ancillary counseling (31%). Interventions that were most frequently offered or referrals provided were individual counseling (51%) and self-help groups (63%), respectively. Counseling availability differed significantly by provider specialization for any, individual, group, family or couples, and self-help groups.

Conclusions:
Generally, respondents reported compliance with ancillary counseling requirements for buprenorphine treatment of opioid use disorder. In addition to examining the efficacy of a variety of ancillary counseling services for patients receiving opioid agonist treatment, further research should examine physicians’ attitudes toward the role of such counseling in buprenorphine treatment. Although the study sample was relatively large, the generalizability of the findings is unclear, suggesting that further investigation of the availability of ancillary counseling in buprenorphine treatment among a larger nationally representative sample of providers may be warranted.
Articular Gap and Step-off Revisited: 3D Quantification of Operative Reduction for Posterior Malleolar Fragments
Authors: de Muinck Keizer Robert-Jan O. , Meijer Diederik T. , van der Gronde Bonheur A. T. D. , Teunis Teun , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. , Goslings J. Carel , Doornberg Job N. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
Despite advanced imaging techniques, classic measurements of fracture reduction have not been revisited to date. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of innovative measurement techniques to quantify operative fragment reduction of posterior malleolar fractures by quantification of three-dimensional computed tomography (Q3DCT).

Methods:
Twenty-eight ankle fractures including a posterior malleolar fragment (AO/OTA type 44) were evaluated using 2DCT and Q3DCT to postoperatively quantify fragment reduction. “Classic” maximum gap and step-off of the posterior fragment were measured on 2DCT and Q3DCT. In addition, 2 innovative Q3DCT parameters were introduced and their reliability was tested using intraclass correlations (ICCs): gap surface (mm2) and multidirectional 3D-displacement (mm).

Results:
“Classic” measurements showed a median maximum step-off of 1.1 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 0.0–1.8 mm] on 2DCT versus a median step-off of 0.6 mm (IQR 0.0–1.1) on Q3DCT. Median maximum gap was 1.2 mm (IQR 0.0–3.8) on 2DCT, and its equivalent on Q3DCT showed no median displacement. Q3DCT measurements revealed a median gap surface of 14.5 mm2 (IQR 4.7–30.0) and a median multidirectional 3D-displacement of 0.7 mm (IQR 0.0–1.1). Interrater reliability of these new Q3DCT parameters of displacement was excellent (ICC 0.92, 95% CI 0.79–0.98) for gap surface and good (ICC 0.64, 95% CI 0.28–0.88) for 3D-displacement.

Conclusions:
Q3DCT is a reliable and promising technique for postoperative evaluation of fracture fragment reduction. In addition to “classic” gap and step-off measurements, we propose to explore total gap surface and 3D-displacement as innovative radiographic measurements in future clinical studies.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Outcome of Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fracture in Children and Adolescents: Comparison Between Nonoperative Treatment (Desault’s Bandage), External Fixation and Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Canavese Federico , Marengo Lorenza , Cravino Mattia , Giacometti Vanessa , Pereira Bruno , Dimeglio Alain , Origo Carlo , Andreacchio Antonio 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The main objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of displaced humeral shaft fractures in children treated by Desault’s bandage (DB), external fixation (EF), and elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN).

Methods:
During the study period, 36 consecutive children with displaced humeral shaft fracture were treated by DB (Group A), EF (Group B) or ESIN (Group C). All the patients underwent full-length preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the injured humerus. One year after the index surgery, patients were asked to answer the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome questionnaire (Quick DASH).

Results:
Ten patients (27.8%) were in Group A, 11 (30%) in Group B, and 15 (41.7%) in Group C. Mean age at the time of injury was 10.8±2.3 years (range, 8 to 15.2 y), 11.7±2.5 years (range, 6.8 to 15.9 y), and 12.7±2.2 years (range, 6.9 to 15.3 y) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.08). Groups A, B, and C did not differ significantly in their demographics (P>0.05).
Surgical treatment (Groups B and C) provided a better radiologic outcome than nonoperative treatment (Group A) (P=0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed for preoperative, postoperative and at last follow-up mean displacement between Groups B and C (P>0.05).
Overall, 9 of 36 patients developed a complication: 2 in Group A (20%), 4 in Group B (37%), and 3 in Group C (20.1) (P=0.92).
Mean Quick DASH score was 3±8.6 (range, 0 to 27.3), 1.4±2.9 (range, 0 to 9), and 1.2±4.7 (range, 0 to 18.2) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. All the patients were able to resume previous physical and sport activities 4 to 6 months after the last fracture reduction procedure.

Conclusions:
Surgery is not contraindicated in children with displaced humeral shaft fractures. EF and ESIN provide a better radiologic outcome, less posttreatment pain and faster mobilization than DB. However, numerical differences, although statistically significant, were not clinically relevant for all variables but immobilization time. Nonoperative treatment was as efficacious as surgical treatment apart from the length of time for immobilization.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Life Expectancy After Cervical En Bloc Laminoplasty
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Nakano Masato , Yasuda Taketoshi , Seki Shoji , Hori Takeshi , Suzuki Kayo , Makino Hiroto , Kanamori Masahiko , Kimura Tomoatsu 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Case series.

Objective.
To clarify the following questions How long after cervical laminoplasty did the patients die? What were the causes of the death? Was the severity of the neurological dysfunction related to early death?

Summary of Background Data.
Life expectancy in patients with cervical myelopathy is unclear. Cervical laminoplasty was performed in 216 patients between 1981 and 1994. It was possible to follow 148 patients for more than 20 years. We used the data of the 68 survivors and the 80 patients had already died.

Methods.
As for the patients who died by the final follow-up, the survival rate was analyzed by a Kaplan-Meier plot; the results were compared between the patients with cervical spondylosis (CS) and the patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The causes of the death were assessed. The neurological evaluation was graded using the score devised by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). The pre- and postoperative scores were compared between the patients in the died group (D group) and the surviving patients group (S group).

Results.
The mean period from surgery to death was 13.4 ± 7.4 years. There was no difference in the survival rate between patients with CS and patients with OPLL. The most frequent cause of death was malignant tumor followed by ischemic heart disease. Preoperative JOA score in the D group was lower than that in the S group. There was no statistical difference in postoperative JOA score between the two groups.

Conclusion.
The patients who underwent cervical laminoplasty caused by compression myelopathy due to CS and OPLL had a long life expectancy, averaging more than 13 years. Life expectancy did not differ between patients with CS and patients with OPLL. Neurological deficit did not directly affect the life expectancy.

Level of Evidence: 4