bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ocean forcing on the Aurora Basin in the 21st and 22nd centuries
Authors: Sun S. , Cornford S. L. , Gwyther D. E. , Gladstone R. M. , Galton-Fenzi B. K. , Zhao L. , Moore J. C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe grounded ice in the Totten and Dalton glaciers is an essential component of the buttressing for the marine-based Aurora basin, and hence their stability is important to the future rate of mass loss from East Antarctica. Totten and Vanderford glaciers are joined by a deep east-west running subglacial trench between the continental ice sheet and Law Dome, while a shallower trench links the Totten and Dalton glaciers. All three glaciers flow into the ocean close to the Antarctic circle and experience ocean-driven ice shelf melt rates comparable with the Amundsen Sea Embayment. We investigate this combination of trenches and ice shelves with the BISICLES adaptive mesh ice-sheet model and ocean-forcing melt rates derived from two global climate models. We find that ice shelf ablation at a rate comparable with the present day is sufficient to cause widespread grounding line retreat in an east-west direction across Totten and Dalton glaciers, with projected future warming causing faster retreat. Meanwhile, southward retreat is limited by the shallower ocean facing slopes between the coast and the bulk of the Aurora sub-glacial trench. However the two climate models produce completely different future ice shelf basal melt rates in this region: HadCM3 drives increasing sub-ice shelf melting to ~2150, while ECHAM5 shows little or no increase in sub-ice shelf melting under the two greenhouse gas forcing scenarios.
Observations on the Ethical and Social Aspects of Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Racine Eric , Rodrigue Catherine , Bernat James L. , Riopelle Richard , Shemie Sam D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe care of chronically unconscious patients raises vexing medical, ethical, and social questions concerning diagnosis, prognosis, communication with family members, and decision making, including the withdrawal of life support. We provide updates on major controversies surrounding disorders of consciousness. Issues such as withdrawal of artificial nutrition and hydration – which had been considered “settled” by many in the medical, legal and ethical communities – have resurfaced under the pressure of social groups and religious authorities. Some assumptions about the level of awareness and the prognosis of vegetative state and minimal conscious patients are questioned by advances in clinical care because of insights produced by neuroscience research techniques, particularly functional neuroimaging. Both the clinical and neuroscience dimensions of disorders of consciousness raise complex issues such as resource allocation and high levels of diagnostic inaccuracies (at least, for the vegetative state). We conclude by highlighting areas needing further research and collaboration.
Diet quality as measured by the Diet Quality Index–International is associated with prospective changes in body fat among Canadian children
Authors: Setayeshgar Solmaz , Maximova Katerina , Ekwaru John Paul , Gray-Donald Katherine , Henderson Mélanie , Paradis Gilles , Tremblay Angelo , Veugelers Paul 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity.DesignChildren participating in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) study underwent examination at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index–International (DQII) using three non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls at baseline. The DQII has four main categories: dietary adequacy, variety, moderation and overall balance. Fat mass index (FMI; [fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), central FMI (CFMI; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), percentage body fat (%BF; [total fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) and percentage central BF (%CBF; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.SettingChildren were selected from schools in the greater Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City metropolitan areas between 2005 and 2008, Quebec, Canada.SubjectsA total of 546 children aged 8–10 years, including 244 girls and 302 boys.ResultsRegression analysis adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, physical activity and Tanner stage revealed that every 10-unit improvement in overall DQII score was associated with lower gain in CFMI (β=−0·08; 95 % CI −0·17, −0·003) and %BF (β=−0·55; 95 % CI −1·08, −0·02). Each unit improvement in dietary adequacy score was associated with lower gain in FMI (β=−0·05; 95 % CI −0·08, −0·008), CFMI (β=−0·03; 95 % CI −0·05, −0·007), %BF (β=−0·15; 95 % CI −0·28, −0·03) and %CBF (β=−0·09; 95 % CI −0·15, −0·02).ConclusionsPromotion of dietary quality and adequacy may reduce weight gain in childhood and prevent chronic diseases later in life.
Distal airway epithelial progenitor cells are radiosensitive to High-LET radiation
Authors: McConnell Alicia M. , Konda Bindu , Kirsch David G. , Stripp Barry R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExposure to high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation occurs in a variety of situations, including charged particle radiotherapy, radiological accidents, and space travel. However, the extent of normal tissue injury in the lungs following high-LET radiation exposure is unknown. Here we show that exposure to high-LET radiation led to a prolonged loss of in vitro colony forming ability by airway epithelial progenitor cells. Furthermore, exposure to high-LET radiation induced clonal expansion of a subset of progenitor cells in the distal airway epithelium. Clonal expansion following high-LET radiation exposure was correlated with elevated progenitor cell apoptosis, persistent γ-H2AX foci, and defects in mitotic progression of distal airway progenitors. We discovered that the effects of high-LET radiation exposure on progenitor cells occur in a p53-dependent manner. These data show that high-LET radiation depletes the distal airway progenitor pool by inducing cell death and loss of progenitor function, leading to clonal expansion. Importantly, high-LET radiation induces greater long-term damage to normal lung tissue than the relative equivalent dose of low-LET γ-rays, which has implications in therapeutic development and risk assessment.
Gut microbiota Modulated by Probiotics and Garcinia cambogia Extract Correlate with Weight Gain and Adipocyte Sizes in High Fat-Fed Mice
Authors: Heo Jaeyoung , Seo Minseok , Park Hwanhee , Lee Woon Kyu , Guan Le Luo , Yoon Joon , Caetano-Anolles Kelsey , Ahn Hyeonju , Kim Se-Young , Kang Yoon-Mo , Cho Seoae , Kim Heebal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractResults of recent studies on gut microbiota have suggested that obesogenic bacteria exacerbate obesity and metabolic dysfunction in the host when fed a high fat diet (HFD). In order to explore obesity-associated bacterial candidates and their response to diet, the composition of faecal bacterial communities was investigated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences in mice. Dietary intervention with probiotics and Garcinia cambogia extract attenuated weight gain and adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. To identify obesity-causative microbiota, two statistical analyses were performed. Forty-eight bacterial species were found to overlap between the two analyses, indicating the commonly identified species as diet-driven and obesity-associated, which would make them strong candidates for host-microbiome interaction on obesity. Finally, correlation based network analysis between diet, microbe, and host revealed that Clostridium aminophilum, a hyper-ammonia-producing bacterium, was highly correlated with obesity phenotypes and other associated bacteria, and shown to be suppressed by the combination of probiotics and Garcinia cambogia extract. Results of the present study suggest that probiotics and Garcinia cambogia extract alleviate weight gain and adiposity, in part via differentially modulating the composition of gut microbiota in HFD fed mice.
Predator-prey interactions in the plankton: larval fish feeding on evasive copepods
Authors: Jackson James M. , Lenz Petra H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCapture success and prey selectivity were investigated in clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris larvae using videography. Three prey types were tested using developmental stages (nauplii, copepodites and adults) of the copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris. Predatory abilities improved rapidly between days 1 and 14 post-hatch. Initially, capture success was limited to nauplii with few attacks on larger stages. Captures of copepodites were first observed at 3 dph, and of adults at 8 dph. Consistent strikes at the larger prey were observed on the day prior to successful captures (2 dph for copepodites, 7 dph for adults). Difference in capture success between nauplii and adults at 8 dph was an order of magnitude. Differences in capture success among prey types persisted but decreased to three-fold by 14 dph. Younger A. ocellaris attacked nauplii preferentially and avoided adult prey. Strike selectivity declined with age, and no selectivity was observed after 10 dph. However, numerically 50% of the ingested prey were still nauplii at 14 dph under the experimental conditions.
Using an Artificial Neural Bypass to Restore Cortical Control of Rhythmic Movements in a Human with Quadriplegia
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Friedenberg David A. , Annetta Nicholas , Glenn Bradley , Bockbrader Marcie , Majstorovic Connor , Domas Stephanie , Mysiw W. Jerry , Rezai Ali , Bouton Chad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeuroprosthetic technology has been used to restore cortical control of discrete (non-rhythmic) hand movements in a paralyzed person. However, cortical control of rhythmic movements which originate in the brain but are coordinated by Central Pattern Generator (CPG) neural networks in the spinal cord has not been demonstrated previously. Here we show a demonstration of an artificial neural bypass technology that decodes cortical activity and emulates spinal cord CPG function allowing volitional rhythmic hand movement. The technology uses a combination of signals recorded from the brain, machine-learning algorithms to decode the signals, a numerical model of CPG network, and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation system to evoke rhythmic movements. Using the neural bypass, a quadriplegic participant was able to initiate, sustain, and switch between rhythmic and discrete finger movements, using his thoughts alone. These results have implications in advancing neuroprosthetic technology to restore complex movements in people living with paralysis.
Female Adult Aedes albopictus Suppression by Wolbachia-Infected Male Mosquitoes
Authors: Mains James W. , Brelsfoard Corey L. , Rose Robert I. , Dobson Stephen L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDengue, chikungunya and zika viruses are pathogens with an increasing global impact. In the absence of an approved vaccine or therapy, their management relies on controlling the mosquito vectors. But traditional controls are inadequate and the range of invasive species such as Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger Mosquito) is expanding. Genetically modified mosquitoes are being tested, but their use has encountered regulatory barriers and public opposition in some countries. Wolbachia bacteria can cause a form of conditional sterility, which can provide an alternative to genetic modification or irradiation. It is unknown however, whether openly released, artificially infected male Ae. albopictus can competitively mate and sterilize females at a level adequate to suppress a field population. Also, the unintended establishment of Wolbachia at the introduction site could result from horizontal transmission or inadvertent female release. In 2014, an Experimental Use Permit from the United States Environmental Protection Agency approved a pilot field trial in Lexington, Kentucky, USA. Here, we present data showing localized reduction of both egg hatch and adult female numbers. The artificial Wolbachia type was not observed to establish in the field. The results are discussed in relation to the applied use of Wolbachia-infected males as a biopesticide to suppress field populations of Ae. albopictus.
Growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana under single-wavelength red and blue laser light
Authors: Ooi Amanda , Wong Aloysius , Ng Tien Khee , Marondedze Claudius , Gehring Christoph , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIndoor horticulture offers a sensible solution for sustainable food production and is becoming increasingly widespread. However, it incurs high energy and cost due to the use of artificial lighting such as high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent light or increasingly, the light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The energy efficiency and light quality of currently available horticultural lighting is suboptimal, and therefore less than ideal for sustainable and cost-effective large-scale plant production. Here, we demonstrate the use of high-powered single-wavelength lasers for indoor horticulture. They are highly energy-efficient and can be remotely guided to the site of plant growth, thus reducing on-site heat accumulation. Furthermore, laser beams can be tailored to match the absorption profiles of different plant species. We have developed a prototype laser growth chamber and demonstrate that plants grown under laser illumination can complete a full growth cycle from seed to seed with phenotypes resembling those of plants grown under LEDs reported previously. Importantly, the plants have lower expression of proteins diagnostic for light and radiation stress. The phenotypical, biochemical and proteome data show that the single-wavelength laser light is suitable for plant growth and therefore, potentially able to unlock the advantages of this next generation lighting technology for highly energy-efficient horticulture.
Mitigation of indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal damages in fat-1 transgenic mice via gate-keeper action of ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Han Young-Min , Park Jong-Min , Kang Jing X. , Cha Ji-Young , Lee Ho-Jae , Jeong Migeyong , Go Eun-Jin , Hahm Ki Baik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) damage the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cell membranes by inducing several signals through lipid raft organization after membrane incorporation, whereas ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) relieve inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and provide cytoprotection, consequent to lipid raft disorganization. Therefore, we hypothesized that ω-3 PUFAs can protect the GI from NSAID-induced damages by initiating the gatekeeper action of cell membranes, subsequent to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. Administration of indomethacin (IND) leads to the formation of lipid rafts and activation of caveolin-1; however, no such observations were made upon co-administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and IND. In addition, the EPA-induced lipid raft disorganization, caveolin-1 inactivation, and cellular cytotoxicity were inhibited when target cells were knocked-out using G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR 120). EPA significantly attenuated IND-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. IND administration induced significant ulceration, bleeding, and oedema in the stomach or small intestine of wild-type (WT) mice; however, such severe damages to the GI significantly decreased in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice (P < 0.001), which exhibited decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and apoptosis, decreased interleukin-1β and FAS concentrations, and increased heme oxygenase-1 concentration. Our study indicates that the gatekeeper function of ω-3 PUFAs improves GI safety when administered with NSAID.
Elemental characterisation of melanin in feathers via synchrotron X-ray imaging and absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Edwards Nicholas P. , van Veelen Arjen , Anné Jennifer , Manning Phillip L. , Bergmann Uwe , Sellers William I. , Egerton Victoria M. , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Shosuke , Wogelius Roy A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMelanin is a critical component of biological systems, but the exact chemistry of melanin is still imprecisely known. This is partly due to melanin’s complex heterogeneous nature and partly because many studies use synthetic analogues and/or pigments extracted from their natural biological setting, which may display important differences from endogenous pigments. Here we demonstrate how synchrotron X-ray analyses can non-destructively characterise the elements associated with melanin pigment in situ within extant feathers. Elemental imaging shows that the distributions of Ca, Cu and Zn are almost exclusively controlled by melanin pigment distribution. X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the atomic coordination of zinc and sulfur is different within eumelanised regions compared to pheomelanised regions. This not only impacts our fundamental understanding of pigmentation in extant organisms but also provides a significant contribution to the evidence-based colour palette available for reconstructing the appearance of fossil organisms.
Efficacy of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation compared to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahn Chiwon , Kim Wonhee , Cho Youngsuk , Choi Kyu-Sun , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Lim Tae Ho 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe performed a meta-analysis to compare the impact of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to that of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) in adult patients who experience cardiac arrest of cardiac origin. A literature search was performed using criteria set forth in a predefined protocol. Report inclusion criteria were that ECPR was compared to CCPR in adult patients with cardiac arrest of cardiac origin, and that survival and neurological outcome data were available. Exclusion criteria were reports describing non-cardiac origin arrest, review articles, editorials, and nonhuman studies. The efficacies of ECPR and CCPR were compared in terms of survival and neurological outcome. A total of 38,160 patients from 7 studies were ultimately included. ECPR showed similar survival (odds ratio [OR] 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–11.20) and neurologic outcomes (OR 3.14, 95% CI 0.66–14.85) to CCPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. For in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients, however, ECPR was associated with significantly better survival (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.44–3.98) and neurologic outcomes (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.38–5.02) than CCPR. Hence, ECPR may be more effective than CCPR as an adjuvant therapy for survival and neurologic outcome in cardiac-origin IHCA patients.
Elevated ERK/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase activity underlies audiogenic seizure susceptibility in fragile X mice
Authors: Sawicka Kirsty , Pyronneau Alexander , Chao Miranda , Bennett Michael V. L. , Zukin R. Suzanne 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Fragile X syndrome is the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability and autism. Elevated protein synthesis is considered a major contributor to the pathophysiology of fragile X. ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) are key signaling molecules in two prominent pathways that regulate protein synthesis. A major finding of this study is that ERK (but not mTOR) signaling is elevated in the neocortex of fragile X mice. Elevated ERK activity causes overactivation of p90-ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and hyperphosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Audiogenic seizures in fragile X mice, which mimic sensory hypersensitivity in fragile X humans, are prevented by RSK inhibition. Thus, RSK is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of fragile X.
Recruitment of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon in the Savannah River, Georgia
Authors: Bahr Derek L. , Peterson Douglas L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAtlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus were once abundant along the Atlantic coast of North America from the Saint Lawrence River, Canada, to the St. Johns River, Florida. Severe overfishing, coupled with habitat losses during the 1900s, resulted in major population declines that eventually led to the subspecies’ listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2012. Despite this listing, quantified recruitment data are largely lacking for most Atlantic Sturgeon populations, particularly those within the South Atlantic distinct population segment. The objective of this study was to quantify annual recruitment of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Savannah River, Georgia, by estimating annual abundance of age‐1, river‐resident juveniles. During the summers of 2013–2015, we used anchored gill nets and trammel nets to sample juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon throughout the Savannah River estuary. Ages of captured juveniles were determined by using length‐frequency analysis, and abundance of each juvenile age‐class was estimated with Huggins closed‐capture models in RMark. We estimated the Savannah River to contain 528 age‐1 juveniles in 2013, 589 in 2014, and 597 in 2015. The results from this study indicate that the Savannah River population is likely the second largest within the South Atlantic distinct population segment. Future studies are needed to determine the relative importance of the Savannah River as a natural source of recruitment for smaller, more imperiled populations in adjacent rivers. Consequently, we suggest that management efforts continue to prioritize the protection of both the population and the associated critical habitats within the Savannah River estuary.Received April 7, 2016; accepted June 28, 2016 Published online September 23, 2016
Rim15 and Sch9 kinases are involved in induction of autophagic degradation of ribosomes in budding yeast
Authors: Waliullah Talukdar Muhammad , Yeasmin Akter MST , Kaneko Atsuki , Koike Naoki , Terasawa Mashu , Totsuka Takaya , Ushimaru Takashi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Autophagic degradation of ribosomes is promoted by nutrient starvation and inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). Here we show that selective autophagic degradation of ribosomes (called ribophagy) after TORC1 inactivation requires the specific autophagy receptor Atg11. Rim15 protein kinase upregulated ribophagy, while it downregulated non-selective degradation of ribosomes.
GeneEvolve: a fast and memory efficient forward-time simulator of realistic whole-genome sequence and SNP data
Authors: Tahmasbi Rasool , Keller Matthew C 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Computer simulations are excellent tools for understanding the evolutionary and genetic consequences of complex processes that cannot be analytically predicted and for creating realistic genetic data. There are many software packages that simulate genetic data, but they are typically not fast or memory efficient enough to simulate realistic, individual-level genome-wide SNP/sequence data.

Results
GeneEvolve is a user-friendly and efficient population genetics simulator that handles complex evolutionary and life history scenarios and generates individual-level phenotypes and realistic whole-genome sequence or SNP data. GeneEvolve runs forward-in-time, which allows it to provide a wide range of scenarios for mating systems, selection, population size and structure, migration, recombination and environmental effects. The software is designed to use as input data from real or previously simulated phased haplotypes, allowing it to mimic very closely the properties of real genomic data.

Availability and Implementation
GeneEvolve is freely available at https://github.com/rtahmasbi/GeneEvolve.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.