bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substructures within Substructures in the Complex Postmerging System A514 Unveiled by High-resolution Magellan/Megacam Weak Lensing
Authors: Ahn Eunmo , Jee M. James , Lee Wonki , Joo Hyungjin , ZuHone John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abell 514 (A514) at z = 0.071 is an intriguing merging system exhibiting highly elongated (∼1 Mpc) X-ray features and three large-scale (300 ∼ 500 kpc) bent radio jets. To dissect this system with its multiwavelength data, it is critical to robustly identify and quantify its dark matter substructures. We present a weak-lensing analysis of A514 using deep Magellan/Megacam observations. Combining two optical band filter imaging data obtained under optimal seeing (∼0.″6) and leveraging the proximity of A514, we achieve a high source density of

∼
46

arcmin

−
2

or ∼6940 Mpc−2, which enables high-resolution mass reconstruction. We unveil the complex dark matter substructures of A514, which are characterized by the NW and SE subclusters separated by ∼0.7 Mpc, each exhibiting a bimodal mass distribution. The total mass of the NW subcluster is estimated to be

M

200
c

NW

=

1.08

−
0.22

+
0.25

×

10
14

M
⊙

and is further resolved into the eastern (

M

200
c

NW
E

=

2.6

−
1.1

+
1.4

×

10
13

M
⊙

)

and western (

M

200
c

NW
W

=

7.1

−
2.0

+
2.3

×

10
13

M
⊙

) components. The mass of the SE subcluster is

M

200
c

SE

=

1.55

−
0.26

+
0.28

×

10
14

M
⊙

, which is also further resolved into the northern (

M

200
c

SE
N

=

2.9

−
1.3

+
1.8

×

10
13

M
⊙

) and southern (

M

200
c

SE
S

=

8.5

−
2.6

+
3.1

×

10
13

M
⊙

) components. These four substructures coincide with the A514 brightest galaxies and are detected with significances ranging from 3.3σ to 4.7σ. Comparison of the dark matter substructures with the X-ray distribution suggests that A514 might have experienced an off-axis collision, and the NW and SE subclusters are currently near their apocenters.
CANUCS: An Updated Mass and Magnification Model of A370 with JWST
Authors: Gledhill Rachel , Strait Victoria , Desprez Guillaume , Rihtaršič Gregor , Bradač Maruša , Brammer Gabriel , Willott Chris J. , Martis Nicholas , Sawicki Marcin , Noirot Gaël , Sarrouh Ghassan T. E. , Muzzin Adam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present an updated mass and magnification model of galaxy cluster A370 using new NIRCam, NIRISS, and NIRSpec data from the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). Using Lenstool and a combination of archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and MUSE data with new JWST data as constraints, we derive an improved gravitational lensing model and extract magnifications of background galaxies with uncertainties. Using our best fit model, we perform a search for new multiply imaged systems via predicted positions. We report no new multiply imaged systems with identifiable redshifts, likely due to already very deep HST and Spitzer data but confirm a z ∼ 8 multiply imaged system by measuring its redshift with NIRISS and NIRSpec spectra. We find that the overall shape of the critical curve for a source at z = 9.0 is similar to previous models of A370, with small changes. We investigate the z ∼ 8 galaxy with two images observable with an apparent magnitude in the F125W band of 26.0 ± 0.2 and 25.6 ± 0.1. After correcting for the magnifications of the images,

7.4

−
0.3

+
0.5

and

9.4

−
0.4

+
0.5

, we use spectral energy distribution fitting to find an intrinsic stellar mass of log(M
*/M
⊙) =

7.49

−
0.05

+
0.04

, intrinsic star formation rate of

2.8

−
0.3

+
0.4

M
⊙ yr−1, and M
UV of −21.3

−
0.2

+
0.2

, which is close to the knee of the luminosity function at that redshift. Our model, and corresponding magnification, shear, and convergence maps are available on request and will be made publicly available on MAST in a CANUCS data release (doi:10.17909/ph4n-6n76).
Constraining Wind-driven Accretion onto Gaia BH3 with Chandra
Authors: Cappelluti Nico , Pacucci Fabio , Hasinger Günther 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gaia BH3 is the most massive known stellar-origin black hole in the Milky Way, with a mass M
• ≈ 33 M
⊙. Detected from Gaia’s astrometry, this black hole is in the mass range of those observed via gravitational waves, whose nature is still highly debated. Hosted in a binary system with a companion giant star that is too far away for Roche-lobe mass transfer, this black hole could nonetheless accrete at low levels due to wind-driven mass loss from its companion star, thus accreting in advection-dominated accretion flow, or ADAF, mode. Using stellar wind models, we constrain its Eddington ratio in the range 10−9 < f
Edd < 10−7, corresponding to radiative efficiencies 5 × 10−5 < ϵ < 10−3, compatible with radiatively inefficient accretion modes. Chandra ACIS-S observed this object and obtained the most sensitive upper bound of its [2–10] keV flux: F

X
< 3.25 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 at 90% confidence level corresponding to L
[2–10] < 2.10 × 1029 erg s−1. Using ADAF emission models, we constrained its accretion rate to f
Edd < 4.91 × 10−7 at the apastron, in agreement with our theoretical estimate. At the periastron, we expect fluxes ∼50 times larger. Because of the inferred low rates, accretion did not significantly contribute to black hole growth over the system’s lifetime. Detecting the electromagnetic emission from Gaia BH3 will be fundamental to informing stellar wind and accretion disk models.
Citizen Scientists Discover “Asteroid in a Cometary Orbit” 2010 MK43 has a Comet Tail
Authors: Kueny Jay K. , Chandler Colin Orion , Frissell Maxwell K. , Oldroyd William J. , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Burris William A. , Farrell Kennedy A. , Sedaghat Nima , Hsieh Henry H. , DeSpain Jarod A. , Magbanua Mark Jesus Mendoza , Sheppard Scott S. , Mazzucato Michele T. , Bosch Milton K. D. , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Gonano Virgilio , Lamperti Al , da Silva Campos José A. , Goodwin Brian L. , Terentev Ivan A. , Dukes Charles J. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the discovery of a short, diffuse tail on minor planet 2010 MK43 (alternate designation 2010 RA78)—an object previously identified as an asteroid in a cometary orbit—by volunteers of our Citizen Science program Active Asteroids. Our follow-up investigation revealed eight Dark Energy Camera images showing 2010 MK43 with a tail spanning UT 2024 February 12–UT 2024 February 18 when the object was outbound from perihelion. We now classify 2010 MK43 as a Jupiter-family comet based on its Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter T
J = 2.888, though our dynamical simulations reveal that, due to frequent close encounters with Jupiter, 2010 MK43 was likely a quasi-Hilda within the last 10 kyr.
Atlantique, xvi e - xviii e siècle. Les pirates, l’État et la guerre sur mer
Authors: Morieux Renaud 
Published: September 2024

Corsaire Marin titulaire d’une « commission en course » attribuée par un souverain pour mener des opérations de guerre sur mer contre les navires des puissances ennemies. Son activité est légale. Pirate Le terme vient du grec piratês , « celui qui attaque ». Individu exerçant des activités de prédation définies comme illégales par les États et le droit international, en temps de guerre ou en temps de paix.
Effects of substrate water content on maturation feeding of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Davis Thomas Seth , Naves Pedro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We test whether tissue moisture content affects settling and feeding behaviours of Monochamus galloprovincialis, a forest insect that feeds on multiple pine species and is a vector of tree disease. In a watering experiment using potted Aleppo pine trees, Pinus halepensis Miller (Pinaceae), water deprivation reduced mid-day shoot water potentials and corresponded to lower phloem water content. In short-term choice assays allowing prereproductive beetles to select among P. halepensis phloem for maturation feeding, beetles preferred to settle and initiate feeding on phloem with lower moisture content and over a 24-hour period consumed more phloem from oven-dried phloem punches. No differences in settling and feeding preferences between males and females were observed. In no-choice feeding assays where beetles were confined to either “dry” or “fresh” shoots (moisture differential ∼10%) over a five-day period, beetles fed on fresh shoots excreted on average 38% more frass, potentially consistent with higher consumption requirements. Our data suggest that water input affects shoot water potentials of Aleppo pine and corresponding phloem water content, which influences feeding preferences of newly emerged M. galloprovincialis.
Prevalence, causes and factors associated with vision impairment in Limpopo province
Authors: Leshabane Modjadji M. , Rampersad Nishanee , Mashige Khathutshelo P. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Epidemiological data on the prevalence, causes and risk factors associated with vision impairment (VI) is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of eye care services.Aim: To determine the prevalence, causes and factors associated with VI among patients presenting to public hospitals of Limpopo province, South Africa.Setting: This study was conducted in public hospitals.Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients seen from April 2019 to March 2022 in 29 public hospitals was conducted. The following information was extracted: demographic information, medical history, visual acuity (VA), refractive and ophthalmoscopy findings.Results: Of the 1140 participants, 56.1% were women. Participants’ ages ranged from 5 to 94 years. The prevalence of VI was 61.5%. Most had moderate-severe VI (57.3%), followed by blindness (22.7%) and mild VI (20.0%). The leading causes of VI were uncorrected refractive error (URE) (28.1%), cataract (26.0%) and glaucoma (25.0%). The main causes of blindness were glaucoma (42.8%) and cataract (32.1%); while URE (7.5%), retinal anomalies (7.5%) and corneal anomalies (6.9%) accounted for almost equal proportions of blindness. Participants aged 50–64 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.6); 65 years and older (OR: 6.6; 95% CI: 4.3–10.2); and those diagnosed with systemic hypertension (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.9–3.2) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.9–4.4) had increased risk of VI.Conclusion: The prevalence of VI in this population is relatively high. The main causes of VI are correctable, suggesting the need for improved measures to prevent avoidable VI.Contribution: The study addresses the gap in the province’s current prevalence, causes and factors related to VI.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Scaphoid Fractures: A Narrative Review of Current Literature
Authors: Parameswaran Apurve , Ramanujapuram Suneel , Eachempati Krishna Kiran , Apsingi Sunil , Ponnala Vinay Kishore Ratnakar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The scaphoid is the most common carpal bone to fracture in adults as well as children. The symptoms of acute scaphoid fractures, however, could be subtle and might be disregarded by patients initially. Conventional radiographs have limited reliability in ruling out these fractures, with 15%–25% of nondisplaced fractures remaining undetected. The resultant delay in diagnosis, along with the inherent tenuous vascularity and high mobility of the scaphoid, results in the high probability of complications such as nonunion, malunion, avascular necrosis, pseudoarthrosis, or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse. The purpose of this review was to systematically present contemporary evidence on the diagnosis and management of acute scaphoid fractures.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted by the authors using the PubMed database and the following search terms: “[scaphoid (title/abstract)] AND [{fracture (title/abstract)} OR {fractures (title/abstract)}] AND [{management (title/abstract)} OR {treatment (title/abstract)} OR {diagnosis (title/abstract)} OR {evaluation (title/abstract)} OR {fixation (title/abstract)}].” Filters were applied to include human studies published between 2014 and 2023 in the English language.

Results:
Relevant research was identified and perused. Evidence was extracted from original research and systematic reviews.

Conclusion:
Data were charted manually, and the aggregated body of information was categorized, summarized, and presented systematically.
Not Everyone Will Be Taken into the Future? The Role of Forecasting in International Relations Theory
Authors: Istomin I. А. 
Published: September 2024

The 2010s witnessed intensified debates in international academia on the relationship between theory and forecast, but Russian scholarship remained detached from these discussions. This article intends to examine the contribution of theory to forecasting in IR, identifying prospects for combining the prescriptive, explanatory, interpretive and predictive functions of science. It reveals the origins of both theoretical skepticism about prediction and the countercriticism of futile theorizing. The article reveals the limitations of both the hypothetico-deductive model of scholarship, which dominates the discipline, and the statistical inductivism that opposes it. The analysis begins by identifying the diﬀerent classes of theories in international relations studies. It demonstrates that the basic assumptions of normative, deconstructive, and interpretive theorizing are poorly compatible with prediction. The article further scrutinizes the ambivalent attitude of explanatory theories towards the matter, claiming the fundamental unpredictability of social interactions. It explores the growth in expectations since the late 2000s that the accumulation of big data and the advancement of methods for processing them will provide predictions without relying on explanatory inferences. Nevertheless, the value of scholarship for foreign policy practice requires a combination of theoretical explanations and predictive studies. This article suggests that for theory to play a major role in forecasting, forecasts must play a major role in theorizing. In this sense, reluctance to test their logical inferences with predictions exemplified by scholars poses a barrier to the development of IR studies.
Development of a modern digital format for registration and analysis of information about flow operations
Authors: Шерхов А.Х. 
Published: September 2024

В данной работе представлена созданная на базе Microsoft Access про- граммная оболочка электронного информационного ресурса «База данных селевых явлений», которая охватывает вопросы организации учета данных о селепрояв- лениях по материалам комплексного и оперативного (космического, наземного маршрутного и др.) мониторинга селевых бассейнов, а также архивных данных по каждому из них. В работе описывается структура вносимой информации; обосновы- вается выбор параметров, подлежащих учету; представлены способы реализации поисковых запросов; вывода данных; их экспорта со сменой формата.
This work presents the software shell of the electronic information resource “Mudflow Phenomena Database” created on the basis of Microsoft Access, which covers the issues of organizing the recording of data on mudflow occurrences based on materials from complex and operational (space, ground-based route, etc.) monitoring of mudflow basins, as well as archival data for each of them. The work describes the structure of the information entered; the choice of parameters to be taken into account is justified; methods for implementing search queries are presented; data output; their export with a change of format.
Contribution of Tsotsko Ambalov to the publication of the “Ossetian-Russian-German Dictionary” by V.F. Miller
Authors: Гостиева Л.К. 
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена активному участию замечательного предста- вителя осетинской интеллигенции, просветителя Ц.Б. Амбалова в работе над Осетинско-русско-немецким словарем В.Ф. Миллера. Выделено два этапа этой работы: дореволюционный, при жизни В.Ф. Миллера, и в 1920-1930-е годы, с ре- дактором А.А. Фрейманом. Указано, что во время второго этапа работы над словарем Ц.Б. Амбалов был командирован на несколько лет в г. Ленинград в каче- стве помощника А.А. Фреймана. Отмечена высокая оценка, данная редактором вкладу Ц.Б. Амбалова в издание словаря, состоящему в его пополнении лексиче- ским и фразеологическим материалом, а также многолетней работе над коррек- турой трехтомного словаря.
The article is devoted to the active participation of the remarkable representative of the Ossetian intelligentsia, educator Ts.B. Ambalova in work on the Ossetian-Russian-German dictionary V.F. Miller. Two stages of this work have been identified: pre-revolutionary, during the life of V.F. Miller, and in the 1920-1930s, with editor A.A. Freiman. It is indicated that at the second stage of work on the dictionary Ts.B. Ambalov was sent to Leningrad for several years as an assistant to A.A. Freyman. The high assessment given by the editor to the contribution of Ts.B. Ambalov in the publication of the dictionary, which consisted of updating it with lexical and phraseological material, as well as many years of work on proofreading the three-volume dictionary.
LANGUAGE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INTENTION OF GREETING IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: КАВЬЯНИ С. 
Published: September 2024

Являясь функционально-семантической категорией, вежливость располагает индивидуальным планом содержания, который складывается из семантических компонентов вежливого общения: уважения, дружелюбия, обходительности, равенства и паритетности. План выражения вежливости составляют разноуровневые языковые средства, благодаря которым выражается данная категория. Приветствие, являясь одним из средств выражения категории вежливости, в содержательно-смысловом плане речевого взаимодействия относится к фатической речи. В рамках фатических речевых актов первостепенная роль отводится прагматической ценности речи, ее самобытности и самостоятельности в установлении контакта между коммуникантами. Другим важным понятием в рамках настоящей статьи является понятие речевой интенции, благодаря которой говорящий способен выражать важный для него коммуникативно значимый смысл посредством речевых средств, соответствующих ситуации общения. В статье посредством языковых маркеров, выражающихся как правило на уровне семантики, лексики, синтаксиса, морфологии и лексикологии русского языка, изучаются языковые средства выражения интенции приветствия. Вместе с тем важно отметить, учитывая объем статьи, что в ней рассмотрены только самые частые формулы приветствия, распространенные в современном русском языке. В данном исследовании, помимо всего перечисленного, представлен краткий обзор средств выражения приветствия и в персидском языке.
As a functional-semantic category, politeness has an individual content plan, which consists of the semantic components of polite communication: respect, friendliness, courtesy, equality and parity. The plan for expressing politeness is made up of multi-level linguistic means through which this category is expressed. Greeting, as one of the means of expressing the category of politeness, in the content-semantic plan of speech interaction refers to phatic speech. Within the framework of phatic speech acts, the primary role is given to the pragmatic value of speech, it is originality and independence in establishing contact between communicants. Another important concept within the framework of this article is the concept of speech intention, thanks to which the speaker is able to express a communicatively significant meaning that is important to him through speech means appropriate to the communication situation. The article studies the linguistic means of expressing the intention of greeting through language markers, which are usually expressed at the level of semantics, vocabulary, syntax, morphology, and lexicology of the Russian language. At the same time, it is important to note, given the length of the article, it considers only the most common greeting formulas common in modern Russian. Along with this, an overview of the means of expressing greetings in the Persian language is presented in an extremely concise form.
POLITENESS IN NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: A COMMENTARY ON NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN A LINGUISTICS CLASSROOM CONTEXT IN A SELECTED KENYAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Abaya Ruth , Ongarora David , Magonya Lilian 
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article was to explain the effects of politeness as entailed in nonverbal language use in the instructional process. Non-verbal communication skills also known as silent language, include all behaviours performed in the presence of others or perceived either consciously or unconsciously. Nonverbal communication entails; facial expressions, body movements, posture, gestures, eye contact, touch, dressing, space, voice and paying attention to inconsistencies. All these are synchronized to reinforce verbal messages, clarify meaning and create a sense of the speaker’s presence and purpose. Thus, instructors in a classroom setting determine whether a message sent has been received majorly through immediate nonverbal feedback. This paper tries to substantiate the pivotal role enhanced by body language and the impression both the teacher and the student draw from using nonverbal language and the politeness issues that are accrued to such usage. The study adopted the qualitative method and used observation and the data collection procedures were observation and focus group discussions. The findings indicated that instructors/ lecturers use politeness through diverse nonverbal cues during their linguistics lessons in order to convey the relevant message to students. This enables the students to grasp the major concepts being learned and at times the use of nonverbal consciously or unconsciously posed a threat to both the negative and positive faces of lecturers and students.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0031/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
SECONDARY SCHOOL EFL STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS TO LEARNING ENGLISH PARAGRAPH WRITING
Authors: Dao Vo Thi Anh , Dan Thai Cong 
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the difficulties faced by secondary school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, when learning English paragraph writing, and explores potential solutions to these challenges. The study involved 100 students from a secondary school, with insights gathered through questionnaires and interviews with 6 students and 4 EFL teachers. The aim was to understand the obstacles students encounter and the effectiveness of current teaching practices. Data were collected using questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed through qualitative impressions rather than specific ratings for each criterion. The results indicated that students perceived their difficulties in learning paragraph writing as moderate. Common challenges included choosing appropriate writing styles for different contexts, insufficient practice in combining sentences, and limited feedback on sentence structures from teachers. Students also reported that the amount of writing practice provided in class was inadequate. To address these issues, the research suggests creating a collaborative learning environment, integrating vocabulary instruction with contextual topics, and focusing on sentence pattern practice. Students rated the strategy of collaborative learning highly, emphasizing the benefits of increased interaction between teachers and students. While students acknowledged their difficulties in paragraph writing, they also recognized potential solutions that involve more interactive and contextually relevant instruction. Teachers and curriculum developers should consider these findings to enhance writing instruction and better support EFL students in overcoming their writing challenges.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0871/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>