bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic Sensitization Underlies Hyperreactive Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Coincident Filarial Infection
Authors: Gazzinelli-Guimarães Pedro H. , Bonne-Année Sandra , Fujiwara Ricardo T. , Santiago Helton C. , Nutman Thomas B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmong the various hypotheses put forward to explain the modulatory influence of helminth infection on allergic effector responses in humans, the IL-10–induced suppression of Th2-associated responses has been the leading candidate. To explore this helminth/allergy interaction more fully, parasite- and allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in 12 subjects with filarial infections, and coincident allergic sensitization (filarial [Fil]+allergy [A]+) were compared with the responses to three appropriate control groups (Fil−A− [n = 13], Fil−A+ [n = 12], Fil+A− [n = 11]). The most important findings revealed that Fil+A+ had marked (p &lt; 0.0001 for all cytokines) increases in parasite Ag-driven Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), and the regulatory (IL-10) cytokines when compared with Fil+A−. Moreover, using multiparameter flow cytometry, filarial parasite Ag induced a marked increase in not only the frequency of CD4+ T cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-2, and TNF-α in Fil+A+ when compared with Fil+A− patients, but also in the frequencies of polyfunctional Th2-like (CD4+IL-4+IL-5+ and CD4+IL-2+IL-4+IL-5+TNF-α+) cells. The Th2-associated responses seen in the Fil+A+ group were correlated with serum IgE levels (p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.5165 for IL-4; p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.5544 for IL-5; and p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.4901 for IL-13) and levels of circulating eosinophils (p &lt; 0.0116, r = 0.5656) and their degranulation/activation products (major basic protein [p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.7353] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [p &lt; 0.01, r = 0.7059]). CD4+ responses to allergen were not different (to a large extent) among the groups. Taken together, our data suggest that allergic sensitization coincident with filarial infection drives parasite Ag-specific T cell hyperresponsiveness, which is characterized largely by an augmented Th2-dominated immune response.
Tropical and Extratropical predictions of the summer and autumn Niño3.4
Index: a comparison
Authors: Tasambay-Salazar Miguel , OrtizBeviá María José , RuizdeElvira Antonio , Alvarez-García Francisco José 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the main source of the predictability skill in many regions of the world for seasonal and interannual timescales. Longer lead predictability experiments of Niño3.4 Index using simple statistical linear models have shown an important skill loss at longer lead times when the targeted season is summer or autumn. We develop different versions of the model substituting some its variables with others that contain tropical or extratropical information, produce a number of hindcasts with these models using two different predictions schemes and cross validate them. We have identified different sets of tropical or extratropical predictors, which can provide useful values of potential skill. We try to find out the sources of the predictability by comparing the sea surface temperature (SST) and heat content (HC) anomalous fields produced by the successful predictors for the 1980–2012 period. We observe that where tropical predictors are used the prediction reproduces only the equatorial characteristics of the warming (cooling). However, where extratropical predictors are included, the predictions are able to simulate the absorbed warming in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ).
Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric
dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes
Authors: Meler Justyna , Kowalczuk Piotr , Ostrowska Mirosława , Ficek Dariusz , Zabłocka Monika , Zdun Agnieszka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter aCDOM(λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) – Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), lay within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7–119 mg m−3). The chlorophyll a concentration and aCDOM(400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R2 =  0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was aCDOM(400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.
Jordanian Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Knowledge of Delirium Recognition
Authors: AbuRuz Mohannad Eid 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Delirium is a clinical syndrome that negatively affects the outcomes of the intensive care units patients if undetected early and treated well. However, this condition remains under recognized and poorly managed by health care providers including nurses. The objective of this study was to check nurses' knowledge level about delirium recognition.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS </strong><strong>&amp; METHODS: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study on 176 intensive care units nurses working in four major hospitals in Amman, Jordan. Data were collected using a self-reported likert scale questionnaire.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Nurses lack the basic knowledge about delirium recognition; the mean was (52.65 ± 4.99). Older nurses (aged 31 years and above) have significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding delirium recognition compared to younger nurses (mean ± SD, 56.02 ± 18.1 vs. 49.28 ± 12.65, <em>P </em>&lt; .005). Moreover, nurses with longer experience in intensive care units were more knowledgeable about delirium recognition (r=0.73, p &lt;.001).Graduate studies have a positive effect on the knowledge level. Nurses holding master degree have significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding delirium recognition compared to those with Baccalaureate degree; (mean ± SD, 60.28 ± 16.86 vs. 53.0 ± 12.18, P &lt; .005).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Delirium is a widespread disorder in the intensive care units. Jordanian nurses lack the basic knowledge regarding essential characteristics of delirium and its recognition. Education of nurses in all care settings is vital and necessary.<strong> </strong></p>
The Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Secondary Infections in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Authors: BUDA ANETA , MIĘDZOBRODZKI JACEK 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the mucous membrane of the nasal vestibule of a significant number of healthy people. These microorganisms are opportunistic pathogens, that in favorable conditions, may cause infections of various course, location or manifestation. Secondary infections emerge in cases when other risk factors contribute to such a change. One of the diseases during which S. aureus changes its saprophytic character to a pathogenic one is atopic dermatitis (AD), an allergic skin condition of a chronic and recurrent nature. Patients with AD are highly predisposed to secondary staphylococcal infections due to active S. aureus colonization of the stratum corneum, damage of the skin barrier or a defective immune response. Microorganisms present in skin lesions destroy the tissue by secreting enzymes and toxins, and additionally stimulate secondary allergic reactions. The toxins secreted by strains of S. aureus also act as superantigens and penetrate the skin barrier contributing to a chronic inflammation of the atopic skin lesions. The S. aureus species also releases proinflam- matory proteins, including enzymes that cause tissue damage. When initiating treatment it is particularly important to properly assess that the onset of the secondary bacterial infection is caused by S. aureus and thus justifying the inclusion of antibiotic therapy. Depending on the severity and extent of the staphylococcal infection, topical antibiotics are used, usually mupirocin or fusidic acid, or general antibiotic treatment is introduced. Another therapeutic strategy without antibiotics has given a positive effect in patients.
Partial Characterization of Bacteriocin Produced by Halotolerant Pediococcus acidilactici Strain QC38 Isolated from Traditional Cotija Cheese
Authors: MORALES-ESTRADA AUREA I. , LÓPEZ-MERINO AHIDÉ , GUTIERREZ-MENDEZ NESTOR , RUIZ ENRICO A. , CONTRERAS-RODRÍGUEZ ARACELI 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
During a screening of lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocin from Cotija cheese, the strain QC38 was isolated. Based on the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequencing (516 pb accession no KJ210322) and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici. Neutralized cell-free supernatant was tested for antimicrobial activity against 17 Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Growth inhibition was achieved against Listeria monocytogenes (supplier or indication or source), Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa, Vibrio cholerae NO 01 and Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhimurium. Bacteriocin-like substance, after heating at 121°C for 15 min it remained stable and its antimicrobial activity was observed at pH ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 but inactivated by α-chymotrypsin and proteinase K. Strain QC38 was able to grow in 1–9% NaCl concentration. The plate overlay assay showed an approximate size of bacteriocin-like substance between 3.4 and 6.5 kDa. P. acidilactici QC38 harboured a plasmid that contains a gene for a pediocin (PA-1).
Characterization of Rhizobial Bacteria Nodulating Astragalus corrugatus and Hippocrepis areolata in Tunisian Arid Soils
Authors: MAHDHI MOSBAH , HOUIDHEG NADIA , MAHMOUDI NEJI , MSAADEK ABDELHAKIM , REJILI MOKHTAR , MARS MOHAMED 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Fifty seven bacterial isolates from root nodules of two spontaneous legumes (Astragalus corrugatus and Hippocrepis areolata) growing in the arid areas of Tunisia were characterized by phenotypic features, 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phenotypically, our results indicate that A. corrugatus and H. areolata isolates showed heterogenic responses to the different phenotypic features. All isolates were acid producers, fast growers and all of them used different compounds as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The majority of isolate grew at pHs between 6 and 9, at temperatures up to 40°C and tolerated 3% NaCl concentrations. Phylogenetically, the new isolates were affiliated to four genera Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Agrobacterium. About 73% of the isolates were species within the genera Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium. The isolates which failed to nodulate their host plants of origin were associated to Agrobacterium genus (three isolates).
Pexophagy in Penicillin G Secretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96
Authors: KURZĄTKOWSKI WIESŁAW , GĘBSKA-KUCZEROWSKA ANITA 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Penicillin G oversecretion by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96 is associated with a strictly adjusted cellular organization of the mature and senescent mycelial cells. Abundant vacuolar phagy and extended cellular vacuolization combined with vacuolar budding resulting in the formation of vacuolar vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane are the most important characteristic features of those cells. We suggest as follows: if the peroxisomes are integrated into vacuoles, the penicillin G formed in peroxisomes might be transferred to vacuoles and later secreted out of the cells by an exocytosis process. The peroxisomal cells of the mycelium are privileged in penicillin G secretion.
Endophytic Detection in Selected European Herbal Plants
Authors: GORYLUK-SALMONOWICZ AGATA , PIÓREK MONIKA , REKOSZ-BURLAGA HANNA , STUDNICKI MARCIN , MIECZYSŁAW BŁASZCZYK 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A total of 181 cultivable endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from stems of 13 species of herbs inhabiting Europe (Poland): Chelido- nium majus L., Elymus repens L., Erigeron annuus L., Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne, Foeniculum vulgare L., Geranium pratense L., Humulus lupulus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha arvensis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Solidago gigantea L. and Vinca minor L. The isolates were screened for their antifungal activity and fifty three were found to inhibit fungal growth. Of these, five had strong antifungal properties. These selected isolates were identified as: Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. cedrina, Bacillus subtilis group and Erwinia persicina.
Le droit humain à la protection sociale et le risque du chômage : doit-on capituler ?
Authors: Lamarche Lucie 
Published: August 2016

La plus récente réforme de l’assurance-emploi au Canada remonte à 2013. C’est une réforme qui prétend maximiser le potentiel de ce régime de protection sociale d’arrimer les besoins du marché du travail et les travailleurs disponibles à l’emploi. La réforme de 2014 comporte à cet effet des dispositions brutales, telles celles relatives à l’évaluation du refus d’un emploi jugé convenable, refaçonné, lequel peut entraîner la suspension des prestations d’assurance-emploi. Pour plusieurs, cette dernière réforme s’inscrit dans le continuum des mesures législatives destinées à rendre plus hasardeux l’accès aux prestations d’assurance-emploi. Nous croyons cependant que celle-ci s’inscrit plutôt dans le récent virage de l’État néo-providentiel. Si l’État social néo-libéral a eu pour effet de transformer le statut des bénéficiaires du droit à la protection sociale en celui de ressources humaines mises à la disponibilité immédiate du marché du travail, l’État néo-providentiel se distingue pour sa part par la reconnaissance du besoin d’un réinvestissement dans les mesures de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale, et ce, à l’échelle planétaire. Dans ce contexte nouvellement minimaliste en matière de protection sociale, doit-on renoncer au droit à l’assurance-emploi ?La première partie de cet article s’intéresse aux dimensions philosophiques – la liberté du travail et ses conditions d’exercice – et politiques – l’exercice du travail nécessite que l’on veille à la satisfaction des besoins des base- de la plus récente réforme canadienne en matière d’assurance-emploi. La seconde partie de l’article propose l’analyse de la même question sous l’angle des droits humains, et plus particulièrement du droit à la sécurité sociale prévu au Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels. Puis, elle s’intéresse à la récente initiative de l’Organisation internationale du travail pour les socles minima de protection sociale concrétisée par la Recommandation no202 adoptée en 2012.Suite à cette analyse, nous concluons à l’existence d’un virage international en faveur de la fonction minimaliste – à savoir la satisfaction des besoins de base des personnes et des familles – des mesures dites de protection sociale. Un tel niveau de protection sociale consacre non pas la préséance de l’égalité dans le paradigme de la protection sociale mais bien plutôt celui de la liberté et de l’égalité des chances, sis tant est que les besoins de base soient satisfaits. Dans un tel contexte, il reste bien peu de choses du régime canadien d’assurance-emploi, historiquement destiné à remplacer le revenu de l’emploi perdu.
Les magistrats face à l’ignorance de la Loi sur l’assurance-emploi – de la lutte contre la « fraude » et « l’insouciance » à la reconnaissance du non-recours aux prestations
Authors: Gallié Martin 
Published: August 2016

Dans la lignée des travaux sur le « non-recours » aux droits et aux prestations, cet article veut montrer en quoi le discours sur les « fraudeurs » ou sur les « profiteurs » de l’assurance-emploi – véhiculé par le patronat et le gouvernement conservateur pour justifier la vaste réforme de 2012 – renforce les stéréotypes sur les prestataires et contribue à discréditer le droit à la protection contre le chômage. Ce discours participe ainsi à limiter la demande de prestations et à masquer les dysfonctionnements graves de ce régime au coeur de l’État social canadien. Or, selon les données disponibles, plus du quart des chômeurs et des chômeuses admissibles ne perçoivent pas les prestations auxquelles ils pourraient légalement prétendre ; et ce, en raison notamment, d’un manque d’information ou d’une mauvaise information. Malgré ces chiffres, les demandes de prestations déposées hors délai pour ces motifs restent majoritairement traitées comme un problème d’ordre individuel, une preuve « d’indifférence ou d’insouciance » pour reprendre les termes de la jurisprudence. L’ignorance de la loi ou la désinformation ne sont qu’exceptionnellement reconnues comme des arguments recevables par les magistrats pour accorder des prestations demandées hors délai. Et cela, même quand les juges se déclarent convaincus de la bonne foi des prestataires.
Étude d’un cas abordé selon deux cadres de références : approches systémique et psychanalytique
Authors: Bouabdallah Lahcène , Hamaidia Ali 
Published: August 2016

Dans la pratique de la psychologie clinique, l’approche systémique n’est utilisée que dans un champ très étroit : la thérapie familiale. Cependant, on pourrait en user dans d’autres champs d’application de la psychologie, ce que cet article souhaite prouver empiriquement, à travers la présentation d’un cas clinique abordé (étudié et analysé) par deux approches différentes représentées par deux cadres de référence différents : le premier est d’inspiration psychanalytique (adopté réellement dans la prise en charge qui a eu effectivement lieu), et le deuxième basé sur une approche systémique pour aboutir à soutenir une tendance qui vise à tirer profit de toutes les approches dans l’intérêt final du patient : l’approche intégrative et multi-théorique.
Quantum repeaters using orbitals in quantum dot molecules
Authors: Ohshima Toshio 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We propose quantum repeaters using quantum dot molecules, in which matter-photon entanglement is generated by Raman scatterings in lambda systems composed of various coherent exciton levels formed in the ensembles of asymmetric coupled quantum dots. In our scheme, the wavelength of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons can be chosen to fulfill the requirements of optical fiber communication. Further, the relative superposition phase in the entangled states can be stabilized by the active feedback to the gate voltage in quantum dot system. These characteristics are favorable for implementing our scheme in practice.
Orientation control of (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics using platelike NaNbO3 templates prepared by single-step molten salt synthesis with mixed salt
Authors: Ishii Keisuke , Tashiro Shinjiro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In order to shorten the firing time for sintering textured (K,Na)NbO3 system ceramics, the fabrication method of the single-step molten salt synthesis for preparing platelike NaNbO3 single-crystal particles was improved. An uneven shape was formed on the surfaces of platelike NaNbO3 single-crystal particles obtained by single-step molten salt synthesis in the mixed salts of KCl and NaCl. Using these single-crystal particles as the templates, textured (K,Na)NbO3 ceramics were fabricated. The sinterability of the textured ceramics and their piezoelectricity were compared between two kinds of templates synthesized in the mixed salt and in the conventional NaCl salt. The diffusivity of K atoms into these templates from the matrix powder of (K,Na)NbO3 during firing was also compared.
Measurement of the Human Calcaneus In Vivo Using Ultrasonic Backscatter Spectral Centroid Shift
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Xu Feng , Ta Dean , Tang Tao , Jiang Yunqi , Dong Jian , Wang Wen-Ping , Liu Xindang , Wang Yi , Wang Wei-Qi 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the backscattered spectral centroid shift and the bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and investigate the feasibility of using the backscattered spectral centroid shift to characterize the cancellous bone status.MethodsUltrasonic backscatter measurements were performed in vivo on 1216 participants at the right calcaneus using an ultrasonic backscattered bone diagnostic system, and the backscattered spectral centroid shift was calculated at central frequencies of 3.5 and 5.0 MHz. The BMD values were measured at the sites of the lumbar spine and left hip by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsThe study population included 592 male and 624 female participants aged 20 to 89 years. The correlations between the backscattered spectral centroid shift in the calcaneus and the spine and hip BMD were found to be statistically significant in both the male and female groups (P < .0001). Linear regression showed that the spectral centroid shift at 3.5 MHz had negative correlations with the spine BMD (R = −0.65 for male participants; R = −0.67 for female participants) and hip BMD (R = −0.64 for male participants; R = −0.64 for female participants). The spectral centroid shift at 5.0 MHz was also found to be closely related to the spine BMD (R = −0.68 for male participants; R = −0.68 for female participants) and hip BMD (R = −0.66 for male participants; R = −0.64 for female participants).ConclusionsThe moderate correlations observed between the spectral centroid shift and the spine and hip BMD demonstrate that the ultrasonic backscattered spectral centroid shift may be a useful measurement for assessment of the cancellous bone status.