bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Benefits and Challenges of Health Disparities and Social Stress Frameworks for Research on Sexual and Gender Minority Health
Authors: Frost David M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on the health of sexual and gender minority populations has been predominantly framed within the context of health disparities and social stress. Findings produced from research employing health disparities and social stress frameworks have spurred significant advancements in basic and applied science on sexual and gender minority health, and have been useful in arguing for the removal of discriminatory social policies. Critiques of these frameworks suggest their dominant role in the research literature risks an artificially narrow portrayal of relevant lived experience, and further pathologizes and stigmatizes sexual and gender minority populations. Methodological challenges involve the measurement of explanatory variables within comparative research designs. By taking stock of these benefits and challenges, suggestions can be made for future research designed to maximize the benefits of health disparities and social stress frameworks for understanding and improving the health of sexual and gender minority populations in ways that are responsive to critiques while recognizing variability in lived experience.
The Role of Healthcare Stereotype Threat and Social Identity Threat in LGB Health Disparities
Authors: Fingerhut Adam W. , Abdou Cleopatra M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHealth disparities exist between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and heterosexuals and can be explained by differential access to healthcare, unique experiences with discrimination, and higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS. This article will examine another possible explanation, namely healthcare stereotype threat and social identity threat in the healthcare experiences of sexual minority individuals. In doing so, this article integrates previous research on stereotypes and discrimination with regard to LGB individuals as well as research concerning LGB individuals’ experiences with healthcare providers. The article concludes with a discussion about future research and potential interventions to ameliorate identity threats for LGB individuals in healthcare contexts. From a social justice perspective, identity threats serve as an important contextual variable feeding health disparities among sexual minorities. If better understood, such threats and resultant disparities may be reduced via cost‐effective changes in environmental cues and educational strategies.
Proximal Minority Stress, Psychosocial Resources, and Health in Sexual Minorities
Authors: Williams Stacey L. , Mann Abbey K. , Fredrick Emma G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough minority stress processes of internalized stigma and anticipated discrimination are related to poor mental and physical health, limited research has explored mechanisms through which they become related. Uncovering mechanisms could provide additional points of intervention to improve sexual minority health. Using data from 218 sexual minorities (gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals) who participated in an online study, we examined the indirect explanatory role of reduced psychosocial resources (social support, self‐compassion, self‐esteem) in the link between proximal minority stress (concealment, internalized stigma, anticipated discrimination) and health outcomes (psychological distress, self‐reported health). Results revealed proximal minority stress processes were indirectly associated with self‐reported health through reduced social support, and indirectly associated with psychological distress through reduced self‐compassion and self‐esteem. Findings highlight the compromised psychosocial resources that explain how minority stressors become linked with health. Interventions aimed at improving resources may be avenues for improving sexual minority health.
Exploring the Mother–Adolescent Relationship as a Promotive Resource for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Authors: Bouris Alida , Hill Brandon J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch often analyzes gender minority youth and sexual minority youth as a single group, a practice that obscures differences in how gender identity and sexual orientation shape health. The present study uses intersectionality to explore similarities and differences in the relationships between minority stress theory variables in a sample of 28 gender minority and 135 sexual minority youth of color. We also explore the mother–adolescent relationship as a potential promotive resource for minority stress research with youth. Results find few differences in minority stressors, promotive resources, or health between sexual and gender minority youth. However, different patterns in the correlations between stressors, resources, and health were observed for each group, underscoring the need for researchers to consider sexual and gender minority youth as distinct groups. Furthermore, study findings suggest that the maternal relationship may be an important promotive resource for both sexual and gender minority youth.
Perceptions of Healthcare Experiences: Relational and Communicative Competencies to Improve Care for LGBT People
Authors: Smith Sheila K. , Turell Susan C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article presents findings from a small‐sample, exploratory focus group study examining LGT persons’ descriptions of healthcare experiences and perceptions of best practices in healthcare. Goals of the study were to identify areas in which healthcare experiences can be improved through enhancements in healthcare provider education, consciousness‐raising, skill development, and/or healthcare system. This article presents focus group data, which revealed major interpersonal and healthcare system‐level themes, including similarities and differences between and among sexual orientation/gender identity groups (lesbian, gay, HIV+ gay men, and transgender individuals). Implications are discussed for improved quality in LGBT healthcare delivery, health professions’ education, patient–provider relationships, and reducing social injustices associated with discriminatory healthcare experiences.
Identification of sensory and non‐sensory factors involved in food consumption: A study with extruded corn‐based snacks
Authors: Menis‐Henrique Michele Eliza Cortazzo , Janzantti Natália Soares , Conti‐Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the sensory and non‐sensory factors which determine the purchase and consumption of extruded corn‐based snacks using market research and a rank preference test. Most consumers had the habit of consuming extruded corn‐based snacks at least once a week based on personal preference, and the cheese‐flavored snacks were found to be purchased most frequently and, as a consequence, the most frequently consumed. The purchase of extruded cheese‐, bacon‐, and ham‐flavored corn‐based snacks was most frequently associated with both brand and flavor. Consumers over 30 years of age, in committed relationships, and with relatively high incomes and education levels were found to consume extruded corn‐flavored snacks less frequently than single individuals under 30 years of age with relatively low incomes and education levels. The rank preference test complemented the market research results, as consumers preferred cheese‐flavored corn snacks.Practical applicationsGiven the importance of identifying the sensory and non‐sensory factors involved in the purchase and consumption of food, and the lack of studies on extruded snacks, this study brings information about the socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics of consumer niches of extruded corn‐based snacks. This information is important to industries that can drive production based on the consumer public of expanded snacks, besides to contribute to researches focused on nutrition and health public. Moreover, we identified cheese‐flavored expanded corn‐based snacks as the preferred flavor by consumers, fact that helped us to drive the development of a snack with lower fat content and better nutritive value, since this work is part of a wider project.
Digestive Enzyme Activity during Larval Development of Black Snook, Centropomus nigrescens
Authors: Yanes‐Roca Carlos , Toledo‐Cuevas Mayra E. , Sánchez Lizbeth J. , Born‐Torrijos Ana , Rhody Nicole , Main Kevan L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBlack snook, Centropomus nigrescens, have been identified as a promising candidate for aquaculture although, like many of the Centropomid species, high mortality associated with early larval stages presents a significant bottleneck to their commercialization. The digestive capacity of black snook larvae throughout the first 37 d after hatch (d.a.h.) was evaluated by quantifying digestive enzyme activities using biochemical techniques. Results showed that black snook larvae have alkaline proteases at hatching, which are known to be important during the first days of feeding for digestion. Toward the end of the study, acid proteases concentration increased (37 d.a.h.). Enzymes for lipid digestion, pancreatic lipase and bile salt‐activated lipase, were already present in the larvae before exogenous feeding commenced, and their activity increased with age and growth (length). Intracellular digestion, measured as the activity of leucine‐alanine peptidase, was high early on (5 d.a.h.) and decreased as development progressed (next 32 d). In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was lowest at first feeding and subsequently increased with age. Overall patterns in enzyme activity suggest the possibility of live feed weaning before 32 d.a.h. if artificial diets can be properly balanced.
Long‐term follow‐up of clinical trial patients treated for chronic HCV infection with daclatasvir‐based regimens
Authors: Reddy K. Rajender , Pol Stanislas , Thuluvath Paul J. , Kumada Hiromitsu , Toyota Joji , Chayama Kazuaki , Levin James , Lawitz Eric J. , Gadano Adrian , Ghesquiere Wayne , Gerken Guido , Brunetto Maurizia R. , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Silva Marcelo , Strasser Simone I. , Heo Jeong , McPhee Fiona , Liu Zhaohui , Yang Rong , Linaberry Misti , Noviello Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsDaclatasvir has achieved high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in diverse hepatitis C virus (HCV) populations. This study evaluated the long‐term efficacy and safety of daclatasvir‐based regimens administered during clinical studies.MethodsPatients enrolled within 6 months of parent study completion or protocol availability at the study sites. The primary objective was durability of SVR at follow‐up Week 12 (SVR12). Secondary objectives included analysing HCV sequences in non‐responders or responders who relapsed, and characterization of liver disease progression.ResultsBetween 24 February 2012 and 17 July 2015, this study enrolled and began following 1503 recipients of daclatasvir‐based regimens (follow‐up cut‐off, 13 October 2015); 60% were male, 18% aged ≥65 years, 87% had genotype‐1a (42%) or ‐1b (45%) infection, and 18% had cirrhosis. Median follow‐up from parent study follow‐up Week 12 was 111 (range, 11‐246) weeks. 1329/1489 evaluable patients were SVR12 responders; 1316/1329 maintained SVR until their latest visit. Twelve responders relapsed by (n = 9) or after (n = 3) parent study follow‐up Week 24; one was reinfected. Relapse occurred in 3/842 (0.4%) and 9/487 (2%) responders treated with interferon‐free or interferon‐containing regimens, respectively. Hepatic disease progression and new hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed in 15 and 23 patients, respectively. Among non‐responders, emergent non‐structural protein‐5A (NS5A) and ‐3 (NS3) substitutions were replaced by wild‐type sequences in 27/157 (17%) and 35/47 (74%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsSVR12 was durable in 99% of recipients of daclatasvir‐based regimens. Hepatic disease progression and new hepatocellular carcinoma were infrequent. Emergent NS5A substitutions persisted longer than NS3 substitutions among non‐responders.
Association of donor small ubiquitin‐like modifier 4 rs237025 genetic variant with tacrolimus elimination in the early period after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Yuan , Zeng Rong , Ling Qi , Wen Peihao , Fan Junwei , Peng Zhihai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgrounds & AimsIndividualized tacrolimus treatment can improve drug safety and efficacy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of donor and recipient small ubiquitin‐like modifier 4 (SUMO4) rs237025 polymorphisms with tacrolimus elimination and the potential mechanism.MethodsA total of 297 liver transplant patients were enrolled in the study. CYP3A5 rs776746 and SUMO4 rs237025 were genotyped using TaqMan SNPs assays. The activity of nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐kB) was evaluated by luciferase assay. The expressions of CYP3A5 were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blotting.ResultsTacrolimus C/D ratios was significantly lower for donor SUMO4 rs237025 AA carriers than AG/GG carriers at weeks 1, 2, 3. In multivariate analysis, donor and recipient CYP3A5 rs776747, donor SUMO4 rs237025 and total bilirubin were independent predictors of tacrolimus C/D ratios in the early post‐transplantation period both in Cohort A and Cohort B. When combined donor CYP3A5 rs776746 and donor SUMO4 rs237025 genotypes, tacrolimus C/D ratios was highly significant at all investigated time points within the four groups. CYP3A5 mRNA expression in liver tissues was significantly higher for AA carriers than AG/GG patients under inflammatory stimuli after liver transplantation (LT). Furthermore, we demonstrated that SUMO4 rs237025 G allele could increase NF‐κB transcriptional activity under inflammatory condition. And activation of NF‐kB suppressed the expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR)‐mediated CYP3A5 gene.ConclusionsDonor SUMO4 rs237025 genetic variant was associated with higher Tac C/D ratios in the early period after LT, which might be related to the down‐regulation of CYP3A5 enzyme through the NF‐kB signalling pathway.
Bullous diaper dermatitis with cloth diaper use
Authors: Harfmann Katya , Chen Amy Y , Witman Patricia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIrritant diaper dermatitis occurs at a higher frequency with cloth diaper use than disposable diapers. We present four cases of vesiculobullous, erosive diaper dermatitis occurring in older infants and toddlers with cloth diaper use that resolved completely after transitioning to disposable diapers. This is the first report of vesicles and bullae as a type of irritant diaper dermatitis.
Orofacial granulomatosis in a 12‐year‐old girl successfully treated with intravenous pulse corticosteroid therapy and chloroquine
Authors: Lalosevic Jovan , Gajic‐Veljic Mirjana , Nikolic Milos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrofacial granulomatosis, a rare disease in childhood, is characterized by orofacial swelling in the absence of systemic disease. We report the case of a 12‐year‐old girl with asymptomatic erythematous infiltration of her upper lip, cheeks, and chin that had persisted for more than 2 years; biopsy confirmed granuloma formation. Because a large area was affected, intralesional corticosteroids were inappropriate and six cycles of 3‐day intravenous pulse corticosteroid therapy (dexamethasone 1.5mg/kg), repeated once after 4 weeks, was given. Our patient also received oral chloroquine and topical emollients. At the end of the sixth pulse cycle, the infiltration had completely resolved, leaving slight residual erythema.
Tick bite mimicking indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Authors: Stringer Thomas , Ghazi Elizabeth , Alvarez del Manzano Gilberto , Beasley Jenna , Brinster Nooshin , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTicks are a well‐known vector for viral, bacterial, and rickettsial infections, many of which are accompanied by cutaneous eruptions, but the bite itself can induce a spectrum of inflammatory reactions, including foreign body granuloma, tick bite alopecia, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. We describe the development of an indeterminate cell histiocytic infiltrate at the site of a tick bite. Although the etiology of intermediate cell histiocytosis is not well understood, this case raises the possibility that such infiltrates may represent an inflammatory reaction in some patients.
Morphophysiological response of young olive trees to verticillium wilt under different surface drip irrigation regimes
Authors: Santos‐Rufo A. , Hidalgo J. J. , Hidalgo J. C. , Vega V. , Rodríguez‐Jurado D. 
Published: September 2017

The effects of irrigation on verticillium wilt in olive, in terms of morphological, biomass and physiological parameters were evaluated on pot‐grown trees maintained in the field for 3 years. Plants inoculated and noninoculated with Verticillium dahliae were irrigated to high and low range of soil water content (HR and LR) at daily (DF; about 2 days/event), weekly (WF) and daily‐weekly (DWF) drip‐irrigation frequency. Morphological parameters, relative biomass and biomass water‐use efficiency were higher at LR than at HR (with few exceptions) and at DF than at other frequencies in noninoculated and inoculated plants, but the fungus reduced those parameters by 17.0–38.5%. Lower root weight ratio, relative biomass and shoot length as area originated at HR in noninoculated plants, could be favourable to the accumulation of root infections and the amount of fungus per tissue length in inoculated plants because higher infection was known at HR. Moreover, higher aerial biomass and length promoted by irrigation at DF could prevent the more severe expression of symptoms, which occurred at WF and DWF in the presence of Verticillium. Negative correlations were found between indicated parameters and disease. Lower water stress (SΨ), and higher stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis at DF in noninoculated plants could limit the disease by improving water status, as SΨ was increased by the fungus only at WF and DWF, and gs and disease were negatively correlated. LR‐DF treatment minimized the disease and kept the growth, water‐use efficiency and physiological parameters in inoculated plants to levels close to noninoculated plants.
Noncontact measurement of emotional and physiological changes in heart rate from a webcam
Authors: Madan Christopher R. , Harrison Tyler , Mathewson Kyle E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeart rate, measured in beats per minute, can be used as an index of an individual's physiological state. Each time the heart beats, blood is expelled and travels through the body. This blood flow can be detected in the face using a standard webcam that is able to pick up subtle changes in color that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Due to the light absorption spectrum of blood, we are able to detect differences in the amount of light absorbed by the blood traveling just below the skin (i.e., photoplethysmography). By modulating emotional and physiological stress—that is, viewing arousing images and sitting versus standing, respectively—to elicit changes in heart rate, we explored the feasibility of using a webcam as a psychophysiological measurement of autonomic activity. We found a high level of agreement between established physiological measures, electrocardiogram, and blood pulse oximetry, and heart rate estimates obtained from the webcam. We thus suggest webcams can be used as a noninvasive and readily available method for measuring psychophysiological changes, easily integrated into existing stimulus presentation software and hardware setups.
Consistency of abnormal sensory gating in first‐admission and chronic schizophrenia across quantification methods
Authors: Schubring David , Popov Tzvetan , Miller Gregory A. , Rockstroh Brigitte 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe auditory P50/M50 ERP/event‐related field is subject to sensory gating, with partial suppression of the amplitude of the second of two (S1 and S2) clicks presented 500 ms apart. Schizophrenia patients have less gating, although quantification methods and associated effect sizes vary across studies using first‐admission and/or using chronic patients. The present study evaluated the impact of several methods of quantifying gating in first‐admission (FA) and chronic (CHR) schizophrenia patients and in healthy controls (HC). Magnetoencephalogram was measured in 35 FA, 58 CHR, and 28 HC during a paired‐click protocol. Sensory gating was quantified on sensor and source levels as a ratio (S2/S1) and as a S1‐minus‐S2 difference, with M50 amplitude scored relative to baseline and relative to M100 and to M40. Independent of quantification method, patients showed less sensory gating than HC, with medium‐to‐large effect sizes, without differences between FA and CHR. Results indicate that the frequently reported sensory gating deficit in schizophrenia is robust to variations in quantification methods and stage of disorder.
I can feel my heartbeat: Dancers have increased interoceptive accuracy
Authors: Christensen Julia F. , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Calvo‐Merino Beatriz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInteroception is the process of perceiving afferent signals arising from within the body including heart rate (HR), gastric signals, etc., and has been described as a mechanism crucially involved in the creation of self‐awareness and selfhood. The heartbeat perception task is a tool to measure individuals' interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). IAcc correlates positively with measures of self‐awareness and with attributes including emotional sensitivity, empathy, prosocial behavior, and efficient decision making. IAcc is only moderate in the general population, and attempts to identify groups of people who might have higher IAcc due to their specific training (e.g., yoga, meditation) have not been successful. However, a recent study with musicians suggests that those trained in the arts might exhibit high IAcc. Here, we tested IAcc in 20 professional dancers and 20 female control participants on a heartbeat perception task. Dancers had a higher IAcc, and this effect was independent of their lower heart rates (a proxy measure of physical fitness), counting ability, and knowledge about HR. An additional between‐groups analysis after a median split in the dancer group (based on years of dance experience) showed that junior dancers' IAcc differed from controls, and senior dancers' IAcc was higher than both junior dancers and controls. General art experience correlated positively with IAcc. No correlations were found between IAcc and questionnaire measures of empathy, emotional experience, and alexithymia. These findings are discussed in the context of current theories of interoception and emotion—highlighting the features of arts training that might be related to IAcc.