bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both high and low testosterone levels may play a role in suicidal behavior in adolescent, young, middle-age, and older men: a hypothesis
Authors: Sher Leo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many studies suggest that testosterone plays a role in the regulation of mood and behavior. Most but not all investigations of the relationship between testosterone and suicidality found relations between testosterone and suicidal behavior. The balance of evidence is in favor of the view that testosterone is involved in the pathophysiology of suicidality. The author has previously proposed that suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults is associated with high testosterone levels, whereas suicidality in older men is associated with decreased testosterone levels. However, both high and low testosterone levels can be observed in adolescent, young, middle-aged and older men. In this article, the author proposes that both high and low testosterone levels may play a role in suicidal behavior in men of any age.
Effect of Type of Plasticizers on Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties of Transglutaminase Cross-Linked Zein–Oleic Acid Composite Films
Authors: Masamba Kingsley , Li Yue , Hategekimana Joseph , Liu Fei , Ma Jianguo , Zhong Fang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The effect of using four plasticizers namely ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol on mechanical and water barrier properties of transglutaminase cross-linked zein–oleic acid composite films was investigated. Results revealed that both mechanical and water barrier properties of the films were significantly affected (p<0.05) by plasticizer type. Tensile strength (TS), water vapour permeability (WVP) and solubility (SB) values were all better in ethylene glycol control plasticized films compared to other plasticizers. Furthermore, irrespective of plasticizer type, transglutaminase treatment improved TS while when oleic acid was incorporated into the films in the range of 1–4% based on zein weight, the mechanical and water barrier properties of the composite film were diversely affected. Results from scanning electron microscopy for the 2% oleic acid-incorporated composite films revealed a rough and irregular surface morphology for the sorbitol plasticized films. Overall, ethylene glycol provided better mechanical and water barrier properties.
Cystinosis in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Doğan Murat , Bulan Keziban , Kaba Sultan , Cesur Yaşar , Ceylaner Serdar , Ustyol Lokman 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
This study was conducted to investigate CTNS (cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter) gene mutations and the clinical spectrum of nephropathic cystinosis among patients diagnosed with the disease in a single center in Turkey.

Methods:
Patients’ clinical and laboratory data were extracted from an electronic health registry. Molecular CTNS gene analysis was performed using either next-generation sequencing or Sanger sequencing.

Results:
Eleven patients (age range: 1.5–12 years) from nine families were identified. The presenting complaint was growth retardation in seven patients; polydipsia and polyuria in three patients; and vomiting in two patients. At presentation, electrolyte loss was noted in all patients, of which eight patients presented with metabolic acidosis, and three patients presented with metabolic alkalosis. All patients also presented with proteinuria and glucosuria, and four patients developed varying degrees of renal insufficiency, for which peritoneal dialysis was initiated in one patient. Cystine crystals were detected via ocular examination in one patient at presentation. No cystine crystals were detected among patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration. In the CTNS gene, a p.T7FX7 (c.18-21del4bp) mutation was detected in three patients, whereas a p.E227E (c.681 G>A) (homozygous) mutation was detected in eight patients.

Conclusions:
We detected two distinct mutations, p.T7FX7 (c.18-21del4bp) and p.E227E (c.681 G>A) (homozygous), in the CTNS gene in 11 patients with cystinosis from the East Anatolian region of Turkey. Patients with a homozygous c.681 G>A (p.E227E) mutation are more likely to develop chronic renal failure and should be monitored closely, whereas patients with a p.T7FX7 (c.18-21del4bp) mutation have a milder phenotype. Additionally, metabolic alkalosis does not exclude cystinosis, although cystinosis is a cause of proximal renal tubular acidosis.
Permissible measurement uncertainty in the lower part of measurement intervals
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Gurr Eberhard , Keller Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many laboratories observe that requirements of the Guideline of the German Medical Association RiliBÄK for the internal quality assurance are difficult to fulfill in the lower part of the measurement interval (e.g. thrombocyte count at 50·109/L). With 10 measurands, the RiliBÄK contain special limits for lower measurement quantities. But, these limits lead to artificial “jumps” and even may be too stringent in the very low region of the measurement interval. Requirements which are too stringent usually lead to repeats and unnecessary costs, and to unnecessary time delay. The DGKL working group Guide Limits proposes variable permissible limits depending on the measurand concentration applied in the control material. Then, in the 10 critical cases, higher permissible limits are obtained in the very low part of measurement intervals. The control materials used in ring trials should contain concentrations close to the lower decision limits. Then, the permissible limits provided by the RiliBÄK also appear too stringent in the lower part of the measurement intervals of many measurands.
On annihilators in BL-algebras
Authors: Zou Yu Xi , Xin Xiao Long , Fei He Peng 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the paper, we introduce the notion of annihilators in BL-algebras and investigate some related properties of them. We get that the ideal lattice (I(L), ⊆) is pseudo-complemented, and for any ideal I, its pseudo-complement is the annihilator I
⊥ of I. Also, we define the An (L) to be the set of all annihilators of L, then we have that (An(L); ⋂,∧
An(L),⊥,{0}, L) is a Boolean algebra. In addition, we introduce the annihilators of a nonempty subset X of L with respect to an ideal I and study some properties of them. As an application, we show that if I and J are ideals in a BL-algebra L, then

J
I
⊥

$J_I^ \bot $

is the relative pseudo-complement of J with respect to I in the ideal lattice (I(L), ⊆). Moreover, we get some properties of the homomorphism image of annihilators, and also give the necessary and sufficient condition of the homomorphism image and the homomorphism pre-image of an annihilator to be an annihilator. Finally, we introduce the notion of α-ideal and give a notation E(I ). We show that (E(I(L)), ∧
E
, ∨
E
, E
(0), E(L) is a pseudo-complemented lattice, a complete Brouwerian lattice and an algebraic lattice, when L is a BL-chain or a finite product of BL-chains.
On derivations of quantales
Authors: Xiao Qimei , Liu Wenjun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A quantale is a complete lattice equipped with an associative binary multiplication distributing over arbitrary joins. We define the notions of right (left, two) sided derivation and idempotent derivation and investigate the properties of them. It’s well known that quantic nucleus and quantic conucleus play important roles in a quantale. In this paper, the relationships between derivation and quantic nucleus (conucleus) are studied via introducing the concept of pre-derivation.
On-chip continuous-variable quantum entanglement
Authors: Masada Genta , Furusawa Akira 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEntanglement is an essential feature of quantum theory and the core of the majority of quantum information science and technologies. Quantum computing is one of the most important fruits of quantum entanglement and requires not only a bipartite entangled state but also more complicated multipartite entanglement. In previous experimental works to demonstrate various entanglement-based quantum information processing, light has been extensively used. Experiments utilizing such a complicated state need highly complex optical circuits to propagate optical beams and a high level of spatial interference between different light beams to generate quantum entanglement or to efficiently perform balanced homodyne measurement. Current experiments have been performed in conventional free-space optics with large numbers of optical components and a relatively large-sized optical setup. Therefore, they are limited in stability and scalability. Integrated photonics offer new tools and additional capabilities for manipulating light in quantum information technology. Owing to integrated waveguide circuits, it is possible to stabilize and miniaturize complex optical circuits and achieve high interference of light beams. The integrated circuits have been firstly developed for discrete-variable systems and then applied to continuous-variable systems. In this article, we review the currently developed scheme for generation and verification of continuous-variable quantum entanglement such as Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen beams using a photonic chip where waveguide circuits are integrated. This includes balanced homodyne measurement of a squeezed state of light. As a simple example, we also review an experiment for generating discrete-variable quantum entanglement using integrated waveguide circuits.
Ontologische Erlösung und menschliche Sünde: John Milbank und Kathryn Tanner über die Erlösung der Menschheit durch die exzessive Positivität Gottes
Authors: Alpers Christiane 
Published: June 2016

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel untersuche ich die Rolle der menschlichen Sündhaftigkeit in John Milbanks Erlösungsverständnis. Milbank argumentiert, dass eine wahrhaft gedeihende Kultur nicht auf säkulare Philosophien, sondern auf eine christliche Theologie aufbauen müsse. Um gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Probleme zu überwinden, muss die Welt erneut in ihrer Partizipation an Gott gedacht werden. Es wurde vermehrt kritisiert, dass diese Behauptung vernachlässige, dass jeder Mensch von der Sünde erlöst werden muss, bevor solch eine Partizipation Wirklichkeit ist. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung dieses Kritikpunkts verteidige ich Milbank im zweiten Teil dieses Artikels, indem ich argumentiere, dass Milbank das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Erlösung und Sünde im Sinne der exzessiven Gutheit der Wirklichkeit und des Mangels an Wirklichkeit der Sünde versteht. Die Erlösungswirklichkeit wird durch jeden zusätzlichen erlösten Menschen erweitert. Menschliche Sündhaftigkeit hat auf diese Wirklichkeit keinen Einfluss, da Sünden im Nichts verschwinden. Zuletzt versöhne ich diese Erlösungsvorstellung mit den Einwürfen seitens Milbanks Kritiker / innen, indem ich mich an Kathryn Tanners Theologie wende, die mit Milbank bezüglich der unumstößlichen Erlösungswirklichkeit übereinstimmt. Jedoch weist sie größere Sensibilität für die bei Milbank beanstandete Marginalisierung der Wichtigkeit der Sündenlehre auf. Tanner schlägt vor, dass die exzessive Gutheit der Wirklichkeit menschliche Gutheit dermaßen übersteigt, dass die Partizipation der Welt an Gott erstrangig ein unnachlässiges Vergeben der menschlichen Sündhaftigkeit und nur in äußerst seltenen Fällen eine Erweiterung des wahrhaft Guten durch menschliche Gutheit darstellt. Dies führt zu einer bescheideneren christlichen Kultur als diejenige, welche Milbank sich vorstellt.
Jonathan Edwards, Hypostasis, impeccability, and Immaterialism
Authors: Hamilton S. Mark 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMore and more theologians are giving up the doctrine of Christ’s impeccability. This has a great deal to do with how one construes certain metaphysical assumptions about human nature. For some theologians of the Reformed tradition, in particular, Christ’s human nature consists of an immaterial soul and a material body, so much so, that this so-called ‘mind-body dualist’ structure of human nature has become seemingly indispensible to maintaining an impeccable Christ. In this paper, I explore how an alternative metaphysical story about Christ’s human nature, put forward by the American Reformed theologian, Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), offers both a coherent Christological account of Christ’s human nature and at the same time, offers some ancillary promise for maintaining Christ’s impeccability by virtue of its being able to overcome the challenge to mind-body dualist metaphysics known as ‘interactionism’.
Effect of aluminum doped iron oxide nanoparticles on magnetic properties of the polyacrylonitrile nanofibers
Authors: Ourang Armin , Pilehvar Soheil , Mortezaei Mehrzad , Damircheli Roya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was electrospun with and without magnetic nanoparticles (aluminum doped iron oxide) and was turned into magnetic nanofibers. The results showed that nanofibers diameter decreased from 700 nm to 300 nm by adding nanoparticles. Furthermore, pure PAN nanofibers were indicated to have low magnetic ability due to polar bonds that exist in their acrylonitrile groups. Obviously by adding only 4 wt% of the nanoparticles to PAN nanofibers, magnetic ability soared by more than 10 times, but at a higher percentage, it was shown to change just a little due to negative interaction among nanoparticles. This event relates to antiferromagnetically coupling of nanoparticles due to incomplete dispersion at higher percentage.
Studies on the synthesis and properties of 1,1,1-trinitroprop-2-yl urea, carbamate and nitrocarbamate
Authors: Axthammer Quirin J. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPotential high energetic dense oxidizers with the 1,1,1-trinitropropan-2-yl moiety are described in this study. The urea,N,N′-bis(1,1,1-trinitropropan-2-yl)urea (1), is synthesized by the reaction of urea with acetaldehyde and trinitromethane. The reaction of 1,1,1-trinitropropan-2-ol (2) with the reagent chlorosulfonyl isocyanate results in the formation of 1,1,1-trinitroprop-2-yl carbamate (3). The nitration of3with anhydrous nitric and sulfuric acid yields the nitrocarbamate (4). All compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H,13C,14/15N) and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis (C,H,N). For analysis of the thermostability differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used. Energetic properties, the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were tested and compared with the corresponding 2,2,2-trinitroethyl and 3,3,3-trinitropropyl derivatives. The crystal structures of two compounds with that of the 1,1,1-trinitroprop-2-yl moiety have been determined by low temperature X-ray diffraction and discussed. The energies of formation were evaluated and several detonation parameters such as the velocity of detonation and the propulsion performance were calculated with the program packageexplo5.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-induced pituitary apoplexy
Authors: Keane Fergus , Egan Aoife M , Navin Patrick , Brett Francesca , Dennedy Michael C 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Pituitary apoplexy represents an uncommon endocrine emergency with potentially life-threatening consequences. Drug-induced pituitary apoplexy is a rare but important consideration when evaluating patients with this presentation. We describe an unusual case of a patient with a known pituitary macroadenoma presenting with acute-onset third nerve palsy and headache secondary to tumour enlargement and apoplexy. This followed gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) agonist therapy used to treat metastatic prostate carcinoma. Following acute management, the patient underwent transphenoidal debulking of his pituitary gland with resolution of his third nerve palsy. Subsequent retrospective data interpretation revealed that this had been a secretory gonadotropinoma and GNRH agonist therapy resulted in raised gonadotropins and testosterone. Hence, further management of his prostate carcinoma required GNRH antagonist therapy and external beam radiotherapy. This case demonstrates an uncommon complication of GNRH agonist therapy in the setting of a pituitary macroadenoma. It also highlights the importance of careful, serial data interpretation in patients with pituitary adenomas. Finally, this case presents a unique insight into the challenges of managing a hormonal-dependent prostate cancer in a patient with a secretory pituitary tumour.

Learning points

While non-functioning gonadotropinomas represent the most common form of pituitary macroadenoma, functioning gonadotropinomas are exceedingly rare.
Acute tumour enlargement, with potential pituitary apoplexy, is a rare but important adverse effect arising from GNRH agonist therapy in the presence of both functioning and non-functioning pituitary gonadotropinomas.
GNRH antagonist therapy represents an alternative treatment option for patients with hormonal therapy-requiring prostate cancer, who also have diagnosed with a pituitary gonadotropinoma.
The solitary sellar plasmacytoma: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Soejbjerg Anne , Dyve Suzan , Baerentzen Steen , Thorsell Georg , Poulsen Per L , Jorgensen Jens O L , Kampmann Ulla 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Solitary sellar plasmacytomas are exceedingly rare and difficult to distinguish from other pituitary tumors. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with blurred vision of the right eye and tenderness of the right temporal region, which was interpreted as temporal arteritis. MRI revealed a pituitary mass lesion (20mm×14mm×17mm) without compression of the optic chiasm and her pituitary function was normal. Pituitary surgery was undertaken due to growth of the lesion, and histopathological examination showed a highly cellular neoplasm composed of mature monoclonal plasma cells. Subsequent examinations revealed no evidence of extrasellar myeloma. The patient received pituitary irradiation and has remained well and free of symptoms apart from iatrogenic central diabetes insipidus. Until now, only eight cases of solitary sellar plasmacytoma have been reported. Most frequent symptoms stem from compression of the cranial nerves in the cavernous sinus (III, IV, V), whereas the anterior pituitary function is mostly intact.

Learning points

A solitary plasmacytoma is a rare cause of a sellar mass lesion.
The radiological and clinical features are nonspecific, but cranial nerve affection and intact pituitary function are usually present.
The diagnosis is made histologically and has important therapeutic implications.
Treatment of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with dopamine agonists
Authors: Greenman Y , Cooper O , Yaish I , Robenshtok E , Sagiv N , Jonas-Kimchi T , Yuan X , Gertych A , Shimon I , Ram Z , Melmed S , Stern N 
Published: June 2016

Objective
Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) remains the only pituitary tumor subtype for which no effective medical therapy is available or recommended. We evaluated dopamine agonist (DA) therapy for preventing growth of postsurgical pituitary tumor remnants.

Design
The study design included historical cohort analysis of clinical results at two pituitary referral centers with different standard practices for postoperative NFPA management: DA therapy or conservative follow-up.

Methods
Seventy-nine patients followed for 8.8±6.5 years were treated with DA, initiated upon residual tumor detection on postoperative MRI (preventive treatment (PT) group, n=55), or when tumor growth was subsequently detected during follow-up (remedial treatment (RT) group, n=24). The control group (n=60) received no medication. Tumoral dopamine and estrogen receptor expression assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining were correlated with response to treatment.

Results
Tumor mass decreased, remained stable, or enlarged, respectively, in 38, 49, and 13% of patients in the PT group, and in 0, 53, and 47% of control subjects; shrinkage or stabilization was achieved in 58% of enlarging tumors in the RT group, P < 0.0001.
Fifteen-year progression-free survival rate was 0.805, 0.24, and 0.04, respectively, for PT, RT, and control groups (P<0.001). About 42% of patients in the control group required additional surgery or radiotherapy, compared with 38 and 13% subjects in the RT and PT groups, respectively (P=0.002). Outcome measures were not related to NFPA D2R abundance.

Conclusions
Dopamine agonist therapy in patients with NFPA is associated with decreased prevalence of residual tumor enlargement after transsphenoidal surgical resection.
Adekvatumas ar etinė cenzūra? Jaunimo kalbos vertimo iš vokiečių į lietuvių kalbą problematika
Authors: Kohrs Jurgita 
Published: June 2016

Straipsnyje pateikiama vokiečių rašytojo B. Lebert jaunimui skirto romano Crazy ir jo vertimo į lietuvių kalbą (J. Kunčinas) lingvistinė-stilistinė analizė, kurios tikslas, remiantis konkrečiais pavyzdžiais, aptarti pagrindinius jaunimo kalbos vertimo ypatumus. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas konotacinėms jaunimo žargono perteikimo problemoms bei stiliaus adekvatumo klausimams.Jaunimo kalboje, kaip žinia, gausu vulgarizmų, keiksmažodžių ir kitokių nepadorių žodžių. Tai viena iš priežasčių, dėl ko šiai sričiai lietuvių kalbotyrininkai ir normintojai skiria tiek mažai dėmesio ir vengia apie tai viešai kalbėti. Jei Vokietijoje tokie žodžiai jau seniai fiksuoti ir stilistiškai įvertinti netgi mažesnės apimties universaliuose vienkalbiuose žodynuose, tai į Lietuvoje leidžiamus šiuolaikinius žodynus nepatenka jokie grubesni, net ir labai plačiai vartojami šnekamosios kalbos žodžiai. Vertėjas, susidūręs su tokiais žodžiais, atsiduria gan keblioje padėtyje, nes, ieškodamas kuo tikslesnio atitikmens, jis priverstas vadovautis vien tik savo kalbine kompetencija.Tyrimas parodė, kad vertėjas, neturėdamas jokių patikimų, legalizuotų gimtosios nenorminės leksikos vartojimo šaltinių, ją verčia vadovaudamasis etinėmis-moralinėmis normomis, o ypač grubesnius žodžius neretai sušvelnina ar pagražina.Straipsnyje keliama mintis, kad bandydami sukurti dirbtinai pagražintą kalbos vaizdą nei vertėjas nei leksikografas nepakeis kalbos vartojimo realybės ir neišspręs jos švarumo problemos. Užuot nutylėjus tam tikrus leksinius vienetus ar jų reikšmes, visų pirma turėtų būti pripažintas jų egzistavimo faktas, įtraukus tokius žodžius į žodynus ir aiškiai apibrėžus jų stilistinį atspalvį bei vartojimo sferas.
Vokiečių kalbos veiksmažodžio scheinen semantika ir vartojimas istoriniu požiūriu
Authors: Norkaitienė Irena Marija 
Published: June 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas vokiečių kalbos veiksmažodis scheinen istoriniu aspektu. Svarbiausias dėmesys skiriamas šio veiksmažodžio semantikai ir vartojimui. Įvairių vokiečių kalbos istorinės raidos kontekstų analizė rodo, kad veiksmažodis scheinen senojoje vokiečių kalboje turėjo konkrečią leksinę reikšmę šviesti ir veiksnio funkciją dažniausiai atliko konkrečios reikšmės daiktavardžiai, turintys švietimo, spindėjimo požymį. Kartais pasitaiko abstrakčios reikšmės daiktavardžiai veiksnio funkcijoje, tačiau veiksmažodis realizuoja savo pirminę reikšmę.Vėlesnių vokiečių kalbos raidos etapų kontekstuose veiksmažodis scheinen, jungdamasis su būdvardžiais, dalyviais arba daiktavardžiais prėdikatyvinėje funkcijoje, įgyja abstraktesnę reikšmę, kuri leidžia jam atlikti jungties tarp požymio ir jo turėtojo funkciją bei sakinio modalinimo funkciją.