bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity Level and Function After Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair Versus Reconstruction
Authors: Matheny Lauren M. , Johnson Nicholas S. , Liechti Daniel J. , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Few studies have compared outcomes of Broström-Gould repair and allograft reconstruction. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes and revision rates after Broström-Gould lateral ankle ligament repair versus anatomic allograft reconstruction in patients with lateral ankle instability. The hypothesis was that patients who underwent lateral ankle ligament repair would have outcomes and revision rates similar to those of patients who underwent anatomic allograft reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients who underwent surgical repair or reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament and/or the calcaneofibular ligament by a single surgeon between September 2009 and February 2013 were included in this study. Patients completed a subjective questionnaire at minimum 2 years after ankle surgery. Outcomes measures included the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score, Lysholm score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form–12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores, Tegner activity scale, and patient satisfaction with outcome. Detailed surgical data and intraoperative findings were documented at the time of surgery. All data were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 86 patients were included in this study: 45 men and 41 women (mean age, 38 years; range, 19-68 years) with a mean body mass index of 26.5 (range, 17.5-47.1). There were 61 (71%) patients in the repair cohort and 25 (29%) in the reconstruction cohort. There was no significant difference in age or sex between cohorts. Seventy-six (88%) patients had minimum 2-year follow-up (mean follow-up, 3.0 years; range, 2.0-5.3 years). There was no significant difference in FADI (87 vs 91; P = .553), AOFAS (77 vs 82; P = .372), Lysholm score (83 vs 87; P = .110), Tegner activity scale (6 vs 4; P = .271), patient satisfaction (9 vs 10; P = .058), WOMAC (8 vs 5; P = .264), or Short Form–12 PCS (51.3 vs 54.6; P = .169) or MCS (54.8 vs 51.5; P = .239) score between the repair cohort and the reconstruction cohort, respectively. No patient in either cohort underwent revision lateral ligament surgery. Conclusion: When compared with lateral ankle repair, anatomic allograft reconstruction produced similarly favorable outcomes, including high patient satisfaction, high function and activity levels, and no revision surgeries in either cohort.
Prevalence of Sport Specialization in High School Athletics
Authors: Bell David R. , Post Eric G. , Trigsted Stephanie M. , Hetzel Scott , McGuine Timothy A. , Brooks M. Alison 
Published: February 2016

Background: The prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletes is unknown. This information is needed to determine the scope of this issue in an active population. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletes and to determine if specialization is influenced by classification method, year in school, sex, and school size. A secondary purpose was to determine if highly specialized athletes would be more likely to report a history of lower extremity injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: High school athletes between the ages of 13 and 18 years from 2 local high schools completed both a sport specialization survey and an injury history survey. Athletes were classified into low, moderate, or high specialization groups using a recently developed 3-point system and were also classified using a self-classification method. Results: A total of 302 athletes completed the surveys and were classified as low specialization (n = 105, 34.8%), moderate specialization (n = 87, 28.8%), or high specialization (n = 110, 36.4%). Athletes from the small school were more likely to be classified in the low specialization group (low, 43%; moderate, 32%; high, 25%) compared with those from the large school (low, 26%; moderate, 26%; high, 48%) ( P < .001). Athletes in the high specialization group were more likely to report a history of overuse knee injuries (n = 18) compared with moderate (n = 8) or low specialization (n = 7) athletes ( P = .048). Athletes who trained in one sport for more than 8 months out of the year were more likely to report a history of knee injuries (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.22-4.44; P = .009), overuse knee injuries (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.16-7.36; P = .018), and hip injuries (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.09-6.86; P = .026). Using the self-classification method, more participants self-classified as multisport (n = 213, 70.5%) than single sport (n = 89, 29.5%). Athletes from the small school were more likely to classify themselves as multisport (n = 128, 86%) ( P < .001) than those from the large school (n = 85, 56%). There were no differences in the history of hip, knee, or ankle injuries between athletes who self-classified as single sport (hip: n = 10, 3%; knee: n = 19, 6%; ankle: n = 35, 12%) versus those who self-classified as multisport (hip: n = 45, 8%; knee: n = 23, 15%; ankle: n = 98, 33%) ( P > .370). Conclusion: Classification method and school size influenced the prevalence of specialization in high school athletes. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report a history of overuse knee or hip injuries. Participating in a single sport for more than 8 months per year appeared to be an important factor in the increased injury risk observed in highly specialized athletes.
Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Reconstruction
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Bryan Andrew J. , Larson Dirk R. , Dahm Diane L. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: February 2016

Background: The incidence of isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in the general population is not well defined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to define the population-based incidence of ACL tears, describe trends in ACL injuries over time, and evaluate changes in the rate of surgical management. The hypothesis was that the incidence of ACL injury and the rate of subsequent ACL reconstruction increase over time. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study population included 1841 individuals who were diagnosed with new-onset, isolated ACL tears (without concomitant ligament injury that required surgery) between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2010. The complete medical records were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and to extract injury and treatment details. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 US population. Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine incidence trends by age, sex, and calendar period. Results: The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of ACL tears was 68.6 per 100,000 person-years. Incidence was significantly higher in male patients than in females (81.7 vs 55.3 per 100,000, P < .001). The incidence of isolated ACL tears decreased significantly over time in males ( P < .001) but remained relatively stable in females. Age-specific patterns differed in male and female patients, with a peak in incidence (241.0 per 100,000) between 19 and 25 years in males and a peak in incidence (227.6 per 100,000) between 14 and 18 years in females. The rate of ACL reconstruction increased significantly over time in all age groups ( P < .001). Conclusion: With an annual incidence of 68.6 per 100,000 person-years, isolated ACL tears remain a common orthopaedic injury. Differences in age-specific incidence trends in male and female patients may potentially reflect differences in sports participation patterns through the high school and college years. The significant increase in the rate of ACL reconstruction over time may reflect changing surgical indications or an increasing desire among patients to return to high levels of activity after ACL injury.
Risk of Injuries in Paralympic Track and Field Differs by Impairment and Event Discipline
Authors: Blauwet Cheri A. , Cushman Daniel , Emery Carolyn , Willick Stuart E. , Webborn Nick , Derman Wayne , Schwellnus Martin , Stomphorst Jaap , Van de Vliet Peter 
Published: February 2016

Background: The incidence rates (IRs) and factors associated with injuries in the sport of Paralympic athletics (track and field) have not been comprehensively and prospectively studied. Purpose: To determine injury IRs, characteristics of injuries, and associated factors in the sport of athletics at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 977 athletes competing in the sport of athletics were followed over a total 10-day competition period of the Paralympic Games. Daily injury data were obtained via 2 databases: (1) a custom-built, web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS), maintained by team medical personnel; and (2) the organizing committee database, maintained by medical providers in the medical stations operated by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Athlete impairment and event discipline were obtained via the International Paralympic Committee athlete database. IRs (injuries per 1000 athlete-days) by impairment, event discipline, sex, and age were examined. Results: The overall IR was 22.1 injuries per 1000 athlete-days (95% CI, 19.5-24.7). In track disciplines, ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy experienced a lower incidence of injuries (IR, 10.2; 95% CI, 4.2-16.2) when compared with ambulant athletes from other impairment categories. Athletes in seated throwing experienced a higher incidence of injuries (IR, 23.7; 95% CI, 17.5-30.0) when compared with athletes in wheelchair racing (IR, 10.6; 95% CI, 5.5-15.6). In both track and field disciplines, the majority of injuries did not result in time loss from competition or training. Ambulant athletes experienced the greatest proportion of injuries to the thigh (16.4% of all injuries; IR, 4.0), observed predominantly in track athletes. Wheelchair or seated athletes experienced the greatest proportion of injuries to the shoulder/clavicle (19.3% of all injuries; IR, 3.4), observed predominantly in field athletes. Conclusion: This is the first prospective cohort study examining injury IRs and associated factors in the sport of athletics at the Paralympic Games. Injury patterns were specific to the event discipline and athlete impairment. The majority of injuries occurred to the thigh (ambulant athletes) or shoulder/clavicle (wheelchair or seated athletes) and did not result in time loss.
The relationship between the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and violations of business ethics in China: Unbalanced time perspective increases the acceptance of unethical business behavior
Authors: Unger Alexander , Yan Jin , Busch Rainer 
Published: February 2016

Scope of research In a sample of 316 Chinese MBA students, the influence of Time Perspective on two types of unethical behaviors was tested. We differentiated between rule-based and social-concern issues. Time Perspective was measured by using a Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Participants’ evaluation of the issues as ethical—or unethical—and their behavioral intention to violate business ethics were measured. Hypotheses We assumed that Past-Positive and Future will enhance ethical orientation, whereas Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic and deviance from balanced time perspective (DBTP) will reduce ethical orientation (evaluation of unethical practices as ethical and high behavioral intention to apply unethical practices). Results For evaluation of rule-based issues, Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic and Future significantly influenced in the predicted direction, whereas no significant effects of time perspectives for social concern issues were observed. According to behavioral intention, only Present-Fatalistic reached significance for both types of ethical issues in the predicted direction. Further, it was shown in a mediation-model that the influence of DBTP on behavioral intention to show unethical practices is mediated by the evaluation as ethical/unethical in the case of rule-based issues (in the case of social concern, the factors reached no significance or only nearby significances, respectively). Chinese managers with a high deviation from a balanced time perspective showed reduced evaluation of unethical practices as unethical, and an enhanced behavioral intention to show unethical practices. Other potential variables of influence, such as age, gender, the size of company, and the degree of globalization were considered, and their influences were controlled. Conclusions and limitations Time perspectives are of relevance for business ethics, but the relationship was only shown for rule-based issues. In the case of social concern, the relationship was only shown for Present-Fatalistic on behavioral intention.
HPV self-sampling in Japanese women: A feasibility study in a population with limited experience of tampon use
Authors: Hanley Sharon JB , Fujita Hiromasa , Yokoyama Susumu , Kunisawa Shiori , Tamakoshi Akiko , Dong Peixin , Kobayashi Noriko , Watari Hidemichi , Kudo Masataka , Sakuragi Noriaki 
Published: February 2016

Objectives Cervical cancer incidence and mortality is increasing in Japanese women under age 50. Screening uptake is low and proactive recommendations for human papillomavirus vaccination have been suspended. Other cervical cancer prevention initiatives are urgently needed. We assessed whether human papillomavirus self-sampling might be an acceptable alternative to physician-led screening, particularly in women with limited experience of tampon use. We also sought to identify any practical, logistical, or safety issues in women already attending for screening, before carrying out further large-scale studies in non-responders. Methods In total, 203 women aged 20–49 attending their annual workplace healthcheck in Sapporo, northern Japan, performed unsupervised human papillomavirus self-sampling before undergoing a physician-led cervical smear and human papillomavirus test, and completing a measure of acceptability for both tests. Results Ninety per cent of participants stated they would use self-sampling again. They found instructions easy to follow and reported no issues with the usability of the self-sampling device. Compared with physician-led testing, women found self-sampling significantly less painful, less embarrassing and could relax more (p < 0.001), regardless of history of tampon use, which was associated with negative experiences in physician sampling (p = 0.034). Women lacked confidence the test had been performed correctly, despite no unsatisfactory samples. No safety issues were reported. Conclusions Self-sampling was highly acceptable in this population of women. They could perform the test safely unsupervised, but lacked confidence the test has been carried out correctly. Japanese women need to be educated about the accuracy of human papillomavirus self-sampling and further large-scale studies are necessary in non-responders.
Exploring How Knowledge and Communication Influence Natural Resources Management With ReHab
Authors: Page Christophe Le , Dray Anne , Perez Pascal , Garcia Claude 
Published: February 2016

Background and Aim. It is often assumed in natural resources management that communication helps with solving the ‘tragedy of the commons’ by way of shared knowledge and better coordination. ReHab is a role-playing game, both cooperative and competitive, exploring the role of knowledge production and communication for the conservation and management of natural resources through experiential learning. Method. ReHab pitches players as Harvesters or Rangers in an abstract landscape representation where a resource is distributed in discrete units of Biomass. The landscape is also a nesting and breeding ground for a protected migratory Bird. The Rangers’ task is to maximize Bird reproduction by creating protected areas, while Harvesters have to collect Biomass. Rules about biomass regeneration, distribution amongst harvesters, and bird reproduction are not disclosed to the players. A typical game session includes two successive scenarios: No communication between players, followed by open communication. A final debriefing session with all players focuses on eliciting a common understanding of the hidden rules, as well as the influence of individual or collective strategies on scenario outputs. The analysis includes records from 45 sessions played since 2008. Results. Our results show that in most cases communication improves the outcomes for both roles, Harvesters and Rangers, even though players construct and articulate rational decisions based on limited or even flawed understandings of the rules. In the absence of enforcement mechanisms, trust and communication prevail over knowledge and understanding when it comes to managing natural resources and resolving trade-offs between conservation and development.
Longitudinal Effects of Parent–Child Interactions on Children’s Social Competence
Authors: Gadaire Dana M. , Henrich Christopher C. , Finn-Stevenson Matia 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: This study examined normative change in children’s levels of social competence and parent–child interactions (PCIs) from kindergarten through second grade as well as relations between levels of PCI and children’s social development. Methods: Multiple waves of data were collected from parents and teachers of 379 children ranging in age from 4 to 6½ years. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate change over time in social competence controlling for children’s exposure to early learning programs such as home visiting and preschool programs. Next, frequency of PCI was entered as a time-varying predictor of children’s social competence levels. Results: Results indicated discrepancies between parent and teacher reports of children’s social development. Parents reported normative growth in children’s social competence, whereas teachers reported declines in this area. Parents also reported decreases in PCIs over time. Parent-reported social competence scores were positively associated with levels of PCIs, whereas no significant association was found between teacher-rated social competence scores and levels of PCI. Discussion: These results highlight the importance of viewing children’s social competence as a dynamic variable related to a multitude of individual, familial, and social factors. Findings also emphasize PCIs as a potential target for interventions aimed at enhancing such competence.
Drug interactions with aprepitant or fosaprepitant: Review of literature and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Dushenkov Anna , Kalabalik Julie , Carbone Antonia , Jungsuwadee Paiboon 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Aprepitant and its parenteral formulation fosaprepitant are widely used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Aprepitant exerts modest inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 and modest inductive effect on CYP2C9 substrates such as some antineoplastics and multiple other medications. This article is aimed to provide pharmacists and other healthcare professionals with an updated summary of drug–drug interactions of aprepitant/fosaprepitant and implications for clinical practice. Method We reviewed publications reporting drug–drug interactions between aprepitant/fosaprepitant and other medications. Results Coadministration of aprepitant with antineoplastics or opiods may result in significant elevations in the serum levels of the agents metabolized via CYP3A4, with the best documentation for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, erlotinib and oxycodone. These alterations did not translate into adverse outcomes and/or necessitate dosing adjustments. The levels of warfarin were significantly decreased by aprepitant requiring prolonged monitoring after discontinuation of aprepitant. Among direct oral anticoagulants, a theoretical interaction between aprepitant and rivaroxaban or apixaban exists. Interactions between aprepitant and quetiapine or diltiazem or sirolimus required dose reductions to avoid adverse outcomes. The intravenous route had a weaker inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 than the oral pathway. Conclusion The evidence on drug interactions of aprepitant with other medications is limited, and the impact on therapeutic outcomes remains to be determined. The intravenous regimen may be a preferred option. As utilization of aprepitant is expanding, practitioners and patients need to be educated about the potential for drug interactions and a need for careful monitoring of patients concurrently receiving aprepitant and CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 substrates, especially those with a narrow therapeutic window.
Microsatellites within the feline androgen receptor are suitable for X chromosome-linked clonality testing in archival material
Authors: Farwick Nadine M , Klopfleisch Robert , Gruber Achim D , Weiss Alexander Th A 
Published: February 2016

Objectives A hallmark of neoplasms is their origin from a single cell; that is, clonality. Many techniques have been developed in human medicine to utilise this feature of tumours for diagnostic purposes. One approach is X chromosome-linked clonality testing using polymorphisms of genes encoded by genes on the X chromosome. The aim of this study was to determine if the feline androgen receptor gene was suitable for X chromosome-linked clonality testing. Methods The feline androgen receptor gene was characterised and used to test clonality of feline lymphomas by PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Results Clonality of the feline lymphomas under study was confirmed and the gene locus was shown to represent a suitable target in clonality testing. Conclusions and relevance Because there are some pitfalls of using X chromosome-linked clonality testing, further studies are necessary to establish this technique in the cat.
Reading, writing, and reserve: Literacy activities are linked to hippocampal volume and memory in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sumowski James F , Rocca Maria A , Leavitt Victoria M , Riccitelli Gianna , Meani Alessandro , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo 
Published: February 2016

Background: Engagement in cognitive leisure activities during early adulthood has been linked to preserved memory and larger hippocampal volume in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate which specific types of cognitive leisure activities contribute to hippocampal volume and memory. Methods: We investigated links between three types of cognitive activities (Reading-Writing, Art-Music, Games-Hobbies) and (a) hippocampal volume within independent samples of Italian (n=187) and American (n=55) MS patients and (b) memory in subsamples of Italian (n=97) and American (n=53) patients. Results: Reading-Writing was the only predictor of hippocampal volume (rp=.204, p=.002), and the best predictor of memory (rp=.288, p=.001). Conclusions: Findings inform the development of targeted evidence-based enrichment programs aiming to bolster reserve against memory decline.