bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer Enhancement of Electro-Thermo-Convection in Dielectric Liquids With Residual Conductivity
Authors: Huang Junyu , Wang Qi , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The flow features and heat transfer enhancement of electro-thermo-convection (ETC) in dielectric liquids with residual conductivity between concentric electrodes are numerically studied based on an injection–conduction model. The strongly coupled flow field, electric field, and positive/negative charge density of the ETC system are solved numerically based on the finite volume framework of OpenFOAM®. The total variation-diminishing algorithm is adopted to handle the complex nonlinearity of the positive/negative charge transport equations. The bifurcation of plentiful flow states that are characterized by variable plumes and vortex pairs in the ETC system is investigated. It is discovered that the residual conductivity postpones the beginning of ETC flow, inhibits the convection intensity, and also diminishes heat transfer of the ETC system. In addition, the transition sequences of ETC flow are also influenced by residual conductivity. A higher residual conductivity suppresses the occurrence of different intermediate steady-states. Three different transition sequences of steady ETC states at different Rayleigh numbers (Ra) are identified. The critical point where the ETC flow bifurcates to S8 is postponed at higher Ra. And the ETC system is more prone to chaos in a system of higher Ra. The periodicity of the ETC system is analyzed and found that Ra has little influence on the periodicity.
Mechanical Viability and Functionality Assessment of a New Sutureless Endoluminal Microvascular Device: A Preliminary In Vivo Rabbit Study
Authors: Descarrega Jordi , Fontdevila Joan , Segura Erica , Oyonate Héctor , Bellemi German , Taylor Brittany 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our group has developed a new nitinol endoluminal self-expandable device for microvascular anastomosis. It attaches to each vessel ending with opposite directed microspikes and reaches complete expansion at body temperature, using the nitinol shape memory capacity. The main purpose of this first in vivo trial is to evaluate the mechanical viability of the device and its immediate and early functionality. A recuperation study with seven New Zealand White rabbits was designed. A 1.96 mm outer diameter prototype of the new device was placed on the right femoral artery of each rabbit. Each anastomosis was reassessed on the seventh postoperative day to reevaluate the device function. The average anastomosis time with the new device was 18 min and 45 seg (±0.3 seg). It could be easily placed in all the cases with an average of 1.14 (1) complementary stitches needed to achieve a sealed anastomosis. Patency test was positive for all the cases on the immediate assessment. On the 1 week revision surgery, patency test was negative for the seven rabbits due to blood clot formation inside the device. The new device that we have developed is simple to use and shows correct immediate functionality. On the early assessment, the presence of a foreign body in the endoluminal space caused blood clot formation. We speculate that a heparin eluting version of the device could avoid thrombosis formation. We consider that the results obtained can be valuable for other endoluminal sutureless devices.
Thermal Stress Analysis of Compact Heat Exchanger Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Junior M. Teixeira , Zilio G. , Mortean M. V. V. , Oliveira J. L. G. , Paiva K. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Compact heat exchangers are renowned for their high heat transfer rates and efficiency, achieved by incorporating mini and microchannels in their core design. However, operating under conditions of high-pressure fluctuations and significant temperature differences between hot and cold streams can potentially induce fatigue failure. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation into the thermal stresses experienced by heat exchanger samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) technology, focusing on circular channels. Experiments were conducted using hot water in the inner channel, while the remaining channels and the sample surface were subjected to natural convection in ambient air. Strain gauges, thermocouples, and resistance temperature detector (RTDs) were employed to measure strain and temperature variations over time. These data were utilized as inputs for a numerical model based on finite element method (FEM). The strain measurements were compared with those obtained from the numerical model, revealing an average difference of approximately 20%. Lastly, a thermal fatigue analysis based on the maximum equivalent stresses predicted by the numerical model is presented. The evaluation considered both S–N curves: outlined in the ASME standard and the one obtained with specimens produced through selective laser melting. In the case of circular channels manufactured through additive manufacturing evaluated in this work, thermal stresses alone are insufficient to cause component failure due to fatigue. However, significant pressure cycles superimposed on the model can reverse this situation, making the combined effect of thermal and mechanical stresses influential in determining the component's fatigue behavior.
Recommendations for Physical Activity in Segments of the School Day Support the Increase in Daily Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Frömel Karel , Groffik Dorota , Heidler Josef , Mitáš Josef , Pratt Michael 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of segment-specific physical activity (PA) recommendations during the school day on the daily PA in both boys and girls. Methods: A total of 426 Czech and 219 Polish adolescents participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: one receiving segment-specific PA recommendations for the school day and the other receiving general daily PA recommendations. The Youth Activity Profile questionnaire, the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index, and the wearable Garmin vívofit were used in the research. Results: The application of segment-specific PA recommendations during the school day was significantly associated with higher PA on school days. It also increased the odds of meeting the recommendations of 6,000 steps/day after school (odds ratio = 1.63, confidence interval [1.19, 2.24], p = .003) and 11,000 steps/day (odds ratio = 1.59, confidence interval [1.16, 2.18], p = .004) on school days. Conclusions: Segment-specific PA recommendations during the school day are effective and should be integrated into physical education curricula, comprehensive school PA programs, and broader school educational strategies.
Constraining the parameters of generalized and viscous modified Chaplygin gas and black hole accretion in Einstein-Aether gravity
Authors: Mukherjee Puja , Debnath Ujjal , Chaudhary Himanshu , Mustafa G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of the accelerated cosmic expansion in the late universe and the mass accretion process for a four-dimensional Einstein-Aether black hole. Starting with the basics of Einstein-Aether gravity theory, we first consider the field equations and two well-known models of Chaplygin gas, i.e., the generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas model and viscous modified Chaplygin gas model. We then obtain the energy density and Hubble parameter equations for these models in terms of various dimensionless density parameters and some unknown parameters. After finding the required parameters, we proceed with the mass accretion process. For both models, we obtain the equation of mass in terms of the redshift function and graphically represent the change in the mass of the black hole with a redshift. At the same time, we perform a graphical comparison between these models and the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model of the universe. Finally, we conclude that the mass of a four-dimensional black hole will increase along the evolution of the universe within the framework of Einstein-Aether gravity.
Quality Evaluation of Locally Manufactured Paracetamol Tablets in East Africa
Authors: Marisa Gerald , Kapala James , Mafuru Tanga , Matinde Raphael , Kimaro Emmanuel , Kaale Eliangiringa 
Published: September 2024

Background: Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is categorized as an analgesic and antipyretic medication and is available as over the counter (OTC) medication. It is commonly used in conditions associated with pain and fever. There is a tendency for community to prefer using imported paracetamol tablets from Europe and United States than from Asia and Africa worrying of the quality of the products. Safety, effectiveness, and efficacy of a medicine can be guaranteed when its quality is reliable; however, there is limited data on the quality of locally manufactured paracetamol tablets, thus necessitating this study.Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the quality of paracetamol tablets 500 mg manufactured by local companies by evaluating their physical parameters, assay results, and dissolution profiles. The compliance of these tablets with the specifications outlined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) was analyzed. Additionally, a comparative dissolution test was conducted to assess dissolution profile for innovator product and generics.Method: Five different brands from East African countries with 76 tablets from each brand were compared with the innovator product regarding weight variation, hardness, friability, assay, and dissolution test based on the BP specifications.Results and discussion: All samples of paracetamol tablets 500 mg from the local manufacturers in this study met the specifications set by the BP for physical parameters, including weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration tests. The weight variation test, directly related to drug content variation, demonstrated compliance within the acceptable deviation of 5%. Similarly, the assay test, which determines the concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), confirmed that all samples complied with the acceptable concentration range of 90%–110% for paracetamol. The dissolution test, assessing the percentage release of the API within a specified time, demonstrated that at 15 min, two samples (diodol and enamol) exhibited lower concentration releases than the required 80%, indicating potential delays in their bioavailability and onset of action.Conclusion: To conclude, all samples had good quality and they can be used for their therapeutic purposes.
The Nature of Community Empowerment in Local Governance: The Case of Selected Amhara Regional State Zones
Authors: Mengistu Ebabu Chekole , Belay Degwale Gebeyehu , Engdaw Besfat Dejen , Abitew Endalsasa Belay , Megbaru Abeje Tafere , Wondim Yetimwork Anteneh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study sought to explore the nature of community empowerment in holding local councils accountable. The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Three Zones, namely Central Gondar, Wag Hemra, and South Wollo, were selected as study areas. From these three Zones, five woredas were selected. Two kebeles were selected purposively from each sample Woreda. Accordingly, 10 study kebeles were selected. A total of 269 samples from the community have been incorporated into the survey. Primary data were collected through survey, key informant interview, fgd, and in-depth interview techniques. The study used thematic analysis technique for the qualitative data and descriptive analysis for the quantitative data. The results show that the level of community empowerment in holding council members accountable for their needs and priorities is low. Local people have little say in their local affairs. Currently, the council members are serving their second term without local elections. Hence, Some Kebeles and Woredas do not have representatives in the local councils.
Elchasai
Authors: Han Jae Hee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Since the publication of the Cologne Mani Codex, scholars have tended to think about the figure of Elchasai as the “Jewish Christian” past to Mani’s “Christian” future. This article contends that one can also frame Elchasai as the “Jewish Christian” past to a rabbinic future. To make this argument, it focuses on four main points: (1) the concept of piquach nefesh, or the legality of saving a life, (2) prayer toward Jerusalem, (3) the temporality of work in relation to Shabbat, and (4) Gentile ritual impurity. By contextualizing the commandments attributed to Elchasai in relation to early rabbinic law, especially as discussed in the Tosefta, this article suggests that Elchasaites were closer to the rabbis in matters of law than they were with the early followers of Mani.
“And the Earth Spoke to Him”
Authors: Townsend Philippa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article explores the relationships between the various locations in which divine revelation takes place in the Cologne Mani Codex, employing insights from spatial theory and ecocriticism. It argues that the text emphasizes the possibility of revelation from multiple sources, both worldly and otherworldly, and that the accounts of revelation throughout the text can be understood within ongoing apocalyptic discourses in antiquity about natural revelation, raptures, otherworldly journeys, and worldly missions.
Could Manichaeans Be Happy?
Authors: Williams Michael A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There has been an increasing appreciation of Manichaeans’ capability for certain optimistic expressions about the created cosmos, in spite of their reputation for obsessing about the evil agents of darkness. This present study reviews some of the supporting evidence and explores possible implications for day-to-day life experience among Manichaeans. In spite of a cosmology conveying an ostensibly very dark worldview, could a Manichaean ever have enjoyed life in this world? The second part of the essay turns to implications for mythologies such as those represented among Nag Hammadi tractates and some related cosmologies. In spite of some similarities in mythology, Manichaean tradition is often distinguished from these other cosmologies as a tradition with greater potential for reconciling the role of dark forces in the cosmogony with rather ordinary social and even political life. This essay questions why the same must be denied the authors and ancient fans of cosmogonies like those among Nag Hammadi writings.
On Art and the Limits of Dissent: Climate Activism at Museums and Galleries
Authors: Araya López Alexander , Davis Colin J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Since June 2022, activists have been targeting renowned museums and galleries to draw attention to the climate crisis, with protests that often involve the apparent destruction of artworks. These actions have been condemned in global media outlets and are frequently represented as counterproductive and lacking in logic. We contend there is a logic in the actions of these political dissenters that goes beyond a simple attempt to secure media and political attention. The symbolic destruction of famous artworks represents a threat to deep psychological needs to transcend death through the protection of common heritage, which is discursively linked to climate and ecological destruction. Furthermore, considering the current literature on the physical spaces of democratic practices, we highlight the risks of demarcating museums and galleries as “off-limits” for political action and contend that these are legitimate sites for protest and acts of civil disobedience.
Desde junio del 2022, los y las activistas han utilizado museos y galerías de renombre para llamar la atención sobre la crisis climática, con protestas que a menudo implican la aparente destrucción de obras de arte. Estas acciones han sido condenadas en medios de comunicación globales y son frecuentemente representadas como contraproducentes y carentes de lógica. En este artículo argumentamos que hay una lógica en las acciones de estos disidentes políticos que va más allá de la simple intención de capturar la atención política y mediática. La destrucción simbólica de obras de arte famosas representa una amenaza contra necesidades psicológicas profundas de trascender la muerte a través de la protección del patrimonio común, la cual está ligada discursivamente a la degradación climática y ecológica. Además, según la literatura actual sobre los espacios físicos de las prácticas democráticas, subrayamos los riesgos de demarcar los museos y las galerías como “restringidos” para la acción política, y sostenemos que son sitios legítimos para la protesta y la desobediencia civil.
Conversation with Prof. Lee Artz, Purdue University Northwest
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla , Artz Lee , K Lillian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Since Israel’s war on Gaza in the aftermath of the October 2023 attacks, protests have virtually exploded across the world. We see them in Western countries as much as in the ‘Global South’ and the Arab world. In the US, university campuses have become one site of intense protest activity. For this issue’s Protest Voices section, editors Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh interviewed Professor Artz about his reflections on the pro-Palestine campus encampments at his university, and how his own research, teaching, and activism feed into one another. The interview with Professor Artz is followed by a short (anonymized) essay by a student protestor offering a first-hand account about why she protests.
Protest Interview with Prof. Keiko Sakai, Chiba University
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla , SAKAI Keiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This past spring, Protest editors Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh interviewed Prof. Sakai about how she came to research the politics of the Middle East and Iraq, as well as the changes she has observed in the modes and content of Iraqi protests over the past decades. Prof. Sakai also shared some suggestions for young scholars embarking on the study of the Middle East region and told us a bit about her latest projects on comparative studies and the International Relations (ir) of protest. The interview has been lightly edited for clarity.
Rule of Law v. Balancing Test: The Admissibility of Illegally Obtained Evidence in Civil Procedure
Authors: Bartkus Jurgis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article aims to reveal, explain and critically assess the balancing test as a legal tool to decide on the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence in civil procedure. The main part of the article is divided into four sections. First of all, the article provides a general overview of the concept of illegally obtained evidence. In other words, the research tries to outline how the concept of illegally obtained evidence should be understood. Secondly, the article provides an overview of one of the most common ways of resolving the issue of the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence – the balancing test. Thirdly, the article assesses the balancing test while employing two requirements derived from the rule of law. The research shows that, in the context of the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence, the balancing test does not meet 1) the requirement of legal certainty and 2) the requirement that civil procedure must be based on the rule of law and not on the rule of men. Lastly, the article concludes that in order to avoid identified shortcomings, the balancing tests should be characterised by a predefined exhaustive list of criteria that should be balanced when deciding on the admissibility of illegally obtained evidence and should not contain too broad, vague balancing criteria.
Sex and Age Influence the Relationship Between Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C and Carotid Plaque in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Dan , Li Kexin , Zhang Qiujuan , Yu Tian , Liu Ling , Wang You , Kang Shuyuan , Song Shumiao , Xu Baofeng , Liu Rui 
Published: September 2024

We investigated the effect of sex and age on the association between serum creatinine/cystatin C (CCR) ratio and carotid plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The carotid plaque group and the non-plaque group were divided according to cervical vascular ultrasound; the general and biochemical data of the two groups were compared according to CCR, gender, and age. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing carotid plaque. A total of 1429 patients with T2DM were included in this study. On multivariate analysis, CCR was an independent predictor of carotid plaque with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.681 [1.250–2.260]. The risk of carotid plaque in men with T2DM increased significantly ( P < .05) with decreasing levels of CCR. In addition, an association between CCR and carotid plaque was found in individuals with T2DM <65 years of age ( P < .05). CCR is strongly associated with the risk of carotid plaques in persons with T2DM and are an independent risk factor for carotid plaques in men and people aged <65 years with T2DM.
Trading in Turbulent Times: Unravelling the Interplay between Trade Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitics in Russian Mineral Resource Supply
Authors: Islam Md. Monirul , Sohag Kazi 
Published: September 2024

Trade policy plays a pivotal role in shaping import and export volumes within the global economy. However, the escalation of geopolitical tensions has posed significant challenges to the smooth flow of mineral resource trade. This study aims to analyse the consequences of global trade policy uncertainty (TPU) and various measures of geopolitical risk (GPR), including terror threats, war threats and nuclear threats (NCT), on Russian mineral exports (MEX). The analysis covers the period from January 2013 to December 2021. By employing sophisticated quantile regression methodologies, such as the cross-quantilogram (CQ) and cross-spectral quantile coherency (CQC) techniques, this study uncovers a compelling interaction between TPU and Russian MEX across different market conditions. Interestingly, TPU exerts a significantly positive impact on the export volumes of Russian mineral resources. In contrast, the presence of GPRs, particularly warfare and terrorism, proves to be detrimental to MEX during bullish market phases across various memory horizons. Surprisingly, NCT stimulates mineral trade during bearish market conditions, both in monthly and annual timeframes. These findings remain robust and consistent even when the CQC technique is employed. In light of these pressing geopolitical challenges, this study underscores the importance of developing sustainable mineral trade policies that foster enhanced global cohesion. It is crucial to address these challenges effectively to ensure the smooth and efficient flow of mineral resources in the international trade landscape. JEL Codes: C22, F13, F14, P28, Q21, Q27