bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Attenuation for Characterization of Gas Hydrate Reservoir in Krishna-Godavari Basin, Eastern Indian Margin
Authors: Jyothi Veligeti , Sain Kalachand , Pandey Vivekanand , Bhaumik Ajoy K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Gas hydrates have received global attention as a possible alternative non-conventional energy resource. Hence, the detection, characterization and quantification of gas hydrates are very important for evaluating the resource potential. Presence of gas hydrates in sediments above the bottom simulating reflector or BSR is associated with low attenuation or high quality factor (Q), whereas, free gas bearing sediments below the BSR exhibit high attenuation or low seismic Q. Here the logarithm spectral ratio (LSR) method is applied to marine seismic reflection data along two cross lines (18 and 46) in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin in eastern Indian margin, where gas hydrates have already been established by drilling/coring. The interval Qs is calculated for three sedimentary layers (A, B, and C) bounded by the seafloor, BSR, one reflector above and another reflector below the BSR at some common depth points (CDPs) to study the attenuation characteristics of sediments across the BSR. The estimated average interval Q (160) for the hydrate bearing sediments (layer B) is much higher than the average interval Q (80) for both the loose clayey sediments (Layer A) and underlying free gas saturated sediments (layer C). This demonstrates that estimation of seismic quality factor Q can be used for characterization of gas hydrate reservoir.
Analysis of macrolinguistic aspects of narratives from individuals with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and no cognitive impairment
Authors: Toledo Cíntia Matsuda , Aluísio Sandra Maria , dos Santos Leandro Borges , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Trés Eduardo Sturzeneker , de Oliveira Maira Okada , Mansur Letícia Lessa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe depiction of features in discourse production promotes accurate diagnosis and helps to establish the therapeutic intervention in cognitive impairment and dementia. We aimed to identify alterations in the macrolinguistic aspects of discourse using a new computational tool.MethodsSixty individuals, aged 60 years and older, were distributed in three different groups: mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls. A narrative created by individuals was analyzed through the Coh‐Metrix‐Dementia program, extracting the features of interest automatically.ResultsmAD showed worse overall performance compared to the other groups: less informative discourse, greater impairment in global coherence, greater modalization, and inferior narrative structure. It was not possible to discriminate between amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls.DiscussionOur results are in line with the literature, verifying a pathological change in the macrostructure of discourse in mAD.
Winter birth, urbanicity and immigrant status predict psychometric schizotypy dimensions in adolescents
Authors: Mimarakis D. , Roumeliotaki T. , Roussos P. , Giakoumaki S.G. , Bitsios P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundUrbanicity, immigration and winter-birth are stable epidemiological risk factors for schizophrenia, but their relationship to schizotypy is unknown. This is a first examination of the association of these epidemiological risk factors with positive schizotypy, in nonclinical adolescents, controlling for a range of potential and known confounders.MethodsWe collected socio-demographics, life-style, family and school circumstances, positive schizotypy dimensions and other personality traits from 445 high school pupils (192 males, 158 immigrants) from 9 municipalities in Athens and Heraklion, Greece, which covered a range of host population and migrant densities. Using multivariate hierarchical linear regressions models, we estimated the association of schizotypy dimensions with: (1) demographics of a priori interest (winter-birth, immigrant status, urban characteristics), including family financial and mental health status; (2) factors resulting from principal component analysis (PCA) of the demographic and personal data; (3) factors resulting from PCA of the personality questionnaires.ResultsAdolescent women scored higher on schizotypy than men. High anxiety/neuroticism was the most consistent and significant predictor of all schizotypy dimensions in both sexes. In the fully adjusted models, urbanicity predicted magical thinking and unusual experiences in women, while winter-birth and immigration predicted paranoid ideation and unusual experiences respectively in men.ConclusionsThese results support the continuum hypothesis and offer potential insights in the nature of risk conferred by winter-birth, urbanicity and immigration and the nature of important sex differences. Controlling for a wide range of potential confounding factors increases the robustness of these results and confidence that these were not spurious associations.
U–Pb age of zircon from paragneisses in granulite terrane of the Sharyzhalgai uplift (southwest of the Siberian craton): evidence for the Archean sedimentation and evolution of continental crust from Eoarchean to Mesoarchean
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Sergeev S.A. , Sukhorukov V.P. , Rodionov N.V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Archean stage of sedimentation has been first substantiated for the granulite–gneiss terranes of the Sharyzhalgai uplift (southwest of the Siberian craton). High-alumina paragneisses contain detrital zircons varying in age from 3.7 to 2.74 Ga and corresponding in REE patterns to magmatic zircons. The Paleoproterozoic (~ 1.86 Ga) metamorphic zircons are strongly depleted in HREE and Y as a result of their formation in equilibrium with garnet. Zircons with an age of ~ 2.5 Ga also show geochemical signs of alteration during metamorphism. The formation of terrigenous sedimentary rocks preceded the Neoarchean stage of magmatism (~ 2.7-2.6 Ga), and their metamorphism occurred at the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic boundary and in the Late Paleoproterozoic. The sources of detrital zircons were mainly Mesoarchean rocks, such as magmatic protoliths of granulites and intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks. The single Eoarchean and Paleoarchean detrital zircon grains in the paragneisses are the first direct evidence for the oldest crust (up to 3.7 Ga) in the granulite terranes of the Sharyzhalgai uplift. The set of geochronological data for granulites and paragneisses suggests the following sequence of geologic events for the granulite-gneiss terranes: ~ 3.7—the beginning of crustal formation, 3.4-3.2 Ga—intermediate-felsic magmatism, including the recycling of the more ancient crust, and ~ 3.0 Ga—coeval magmatic and metamorphic processes and differentiation of the continental crust. Thus, the whole cycle from the beginning of crustal growth to the crustal differentiation and turn into continental crust proceeded from 3.7 to 3.0 Ga.
Particulate fluxes in South Baikal: Evidence from sediment trap experiments
Authors: Vologina E.G. , Sturm M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present original data on fluxes of particulate matter through a 1366 m thick water column, measured with sediment traps near the Neutrino Telescope Station in South Baikal. The research was part of a long-term international research project which started in March 1999 in order to investigate current sedimentation in the lake. The total flux of sedimenting particles was considerably higher in 2000 as compared with 1999. This was due to the exceptional growth of siliceous diatoms of the genus Aulacoseira in 2000, leading to the so-called Melosira year. Biogenic silica is predominant in the particulate matter and might reach 56%, while the concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen do not exceed 16% and 1%, respectively.
Fluid inclusions in quartz from uranium mineralization areas of the Litsa ore cluster (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Kaulina T.V. , Avedisyan A.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Ryabukha M.A. , Il’chenko V.L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Fluid inclusions in quartz from rocks of different ages and with different uranium contents were studied by microthermometry, gas chromatography, and Raman spectroscopy in three areas with uranium mineralization (Skal’noe, Polyarnoe, and Dikoe) in the Litsa ore district of the Kola Peninsula. The studies have revealed differences in the homogenization temperatures, composition of water–salt systems, and salinity of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in the rocks of these areas. Primary fluid inclusions in the rocks of the Skal’noe and Dikoe areas are characterized by a water–salt system with K and Mg (seldom, Na) chlorides and salinity of 0.2 to 13.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. Secondary inclusions are of higher salinity, up to 19.5 wt.% NaCl equiv., and contain Ca chlorides. Primary inclusions in the rocks of the Polyarnoe area show a more complex salt composition with K, Mg, Ca, and, probably, Li chlorides, with salinity varying from 1.7 to 10.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. Salinity of secondary inclusions is higher, up to 16.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. The gas component of fluid in the rocks of the Skal’noe and Dikoe areas is almost pure CO2 (99.3–100 mol.%); the presence of N2 (1.1 mol.%) and CH4 (0.4 mol%.) was revealed in few inclusions only. In the Polyarnoe area, only water inclusions with N2 were found in the rocks. Thus, the fluids in the rocks of the three areas have mostly a CO2–H2O composition with the presence of K, Mg, and Ca chlorides and, seldom, a water–salt composition with the presence of Na salts only. The increased salinity of secondary inclusions and their more complex composition (CO2 with N2 and CH4 impurities) indicate that the fluid became more reducing and might be responsible for the formation of uranium mineralization.
Investigation of fractal properties of the magnetic survey data array in the Pechenga ore region using two-dimensional wavelet analysis
Authors: Lyubchich V.A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article deals with a study of the fractal properties of geophysical data arrays obtained by areal geophysical works over hierarchically organized geologic systems. It was shown by the example of magnetic survey data in the Pechenga ore region that two-dimensional wavelet analysis is a useful tool for investigating the fractal properties of geophysical data arrays. The application of wavelet analysis allows detecting the hierarchical structure of organization of the whole ore region, estimating the degree of the system inhomogeneity, and concluding about local properties of a geologic system, for example, the ore potential of separate sites.
Composition and sources of mineral-forming fluids of the Orlovka orogenic gold deposit (Southern Urals)
Authors: Znamenskii S.E. , Ankusheva N.N. , Velivetskaya T.A. , Shanina S.N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Fluid inclusions, REE and Y patterns, and carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in the minerals of sulfide–carbonate–quartz mineralization of the Orlovka orogenic gold deposit were studied. We have established that fluid inclusions in calcite and quartz homogenize in the same temperature range 217–170 °C and contain aqueous Mg–K–Na solutions with salinity of 3.0–6.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. According to the results of gas chromatography of inclusions in quartz, the gas phase is a mixture H2O (79–977 ppm) + CO2 (2.64–5.35 ppm) + CH4 (0.002–0.018 ppm) ± N2 (0–1.22 ppm). The REE pattern of calcite shows accumulation of LREE ((La/Yb)N = 1.28–7.18), (La/Lu)N = 1.10–6.58 (indicating a predominance of REE sorption in the fluid), and weak negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies. Negative Ce anomalies in calcite might be due to the interaction of the fluid with limestones and to the presence of a small amount of meteoric water in it. The positive Eu anomalies reflect the high-temperature environment (&gt;200–250 °C) that existed in the fluid system before the crystallization of calcite. The δ13CCO2 (–2.0 to +0.9‰) values of the fluid, close to the carbon isotope composition of carbonates of the host rocks (–2.3 to +1.9‰), testify to the metamorphogenic source of carbon. The δ18OH2O values of the fluid depositing quartz (3.1 to 4.5‰) and calcite (4.0 to 4.6‰; one sample has 6.6‰) suggest that metamorphic water with an impurity of meteoric water prevailed in the fluid system. We propose a model for the gold deposit formation, which takes into account the generation of a mineral-forming fluid at the progressive stage of greenschist dynamometamorphism of the host rocks and the formation of gold mineralization at the regressive stage.
Major impurity elements in native gold and their association with gold mineralization settings in deposits of Asian folded areas
Authors: Gas’kov I.V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Contents of major impurities (Ag, Cu, and Hg) have been studied in gold from ore deposits of various types: (1) associated with skarns and black shales (Altai–Sayan folded area (ASFA) and North Vietnam), (2) pluton-related porphyry Cu–Mo (ASFA), and (3) volcanic pyritic (Rudny Altai, the Urals, and North Vietnam). Analysis of gold ore mineralization in deposits of these types reveals diverse gold compositions along with diverse compositions of productive mineral assemblages. Silver is the most abundant impurity in gold from all fields studied, but its contents vary broadly even within a field type. The content of silver in gold depends not only on its abundance in hydrothermal solutions but also on other independent solution parameters: sulfur fugacity, temperature, salt composition, and pH. The regular decrease in native gold fineness from early to late generations in sulfide ore deposits is related to temperature decrease and large-scale sulfide formation. These processes reduce sulfur fugacity in the solutions and favor silver deposition in native gold rather than in sulfides. Gold of later generations is enriched in mercury in many deposits studied, whereas copper gravitates to earlier, high-temperature ones. In addition to deposition temperature, the contents of copper in gold are determined by its content in hydrothermal solutions, as evidenced by the association of copper-rich gold with basic–ultrabasic, skarn, and porphyry copper deposits. The processes causing the deposition of gold of various chemical compositions are complex. They correlate, to an extent, with gold mineralization temperature, whereas the spectrum of impurities often depends on the belonging of a gold deposit to a certain igneous complex.
Viscosity of hydrous kimberlite and basaltic melts at high pressures
Authors: Persikov E.S. , Bukhtiyarov P.G. , Sokol A.G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
New experimental data on the temperature and pressure dependences of the viscosity of synthetic hydrous kimberlite melts (82 wt.% silicate + 18 wt.% carbonate; degree of depolymerization: 100·NBO/T = 313 for anhydrous melts and 100·NBO/T = 247 for melts with 3 wt.% H2O) were obtained at a water pressure of 100 MPa and at lithostatic pressures of 5.5 and 7.5 GPa in the temperature range 1300–1950 °C. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of these melts follows the exponential Arrhenius–Frenkel–Eyring equation in the investigated range of temperatures and pressures. The activation energies of viscous flow for hydrous kimberlite melts were first shown to increase linearly with increasing pressure. Under isothermal conditions (T = 1800 °C), the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts increases exponentially by about an order of magnitude as the pressure increases from 100 MPa to 7.5 GPa.
The new experimental data on the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts (error ±30 rel.%) are compared with forecast viscosity data for anhydrous kimberlite and basaltic melts (100·NBO/T = 51.5) and for hydrous basaltic melts (100·NBO/T = 80). It is shown that at comparable temperatures, the viscosity of hydrous kimberlite melts at a moderate pressure (100 MPa) is about an order of magnitude lower than the viscosity of hydrous basaltic melts, whereas at a high pressure (7.5 GPa) it is more than twice higher.
It is first established that water dissolution in kimberlite melts does not affect seriously their viscosity (within the measurement error) at both moderate (100 MPa) and high (7.5 GPa) pressures, whereas the viscosity of basaltic melts considerably decreases with water dissolution at moderate pressures (100 MPa) and remains unchanged at high pressures (P &gt; 3.5 GPa).
Influence of gas hydrate formation on methane seeps at the bottom of water reservoirs
Authors: Degterev A.Kh. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
It is shown by numerical modeling that the height of gas flares above underwater methane seeps depends strongly on water parameters. A simulation model of the dynamics of a rising bubble was used. Along with gas exchange through the bubble wall, the model takes into account gas hydrate formation, whose rate is determined by turbulent heat exchange with water. Calculations were performed for depths of 250 to 1500 m with an initial bubble diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 cm. It is shown that at the water temperature of the Arctic seas, rising methane bubbles transform into gas hydrate ice within the first 1–2 m of their path. At the same time, when the water temperature is higher than the hydrate formation temperature near the sea bottom or close to it, the bubbles travel a distance of tens or hundreds of meters before complete dissolution or complete hydration.
Prehospital Response Time Delays for Emergency Patients in Events of Concurrent Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Kim Jungeun , Kim Chu Hyun , Shin Sang Do , Park Ju Ok 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the extent of delays in the response time of emergency medical services (EMS) as an impact of mass casualty incidences (MCIs) in the same area.MethodsWe defined an MCI case as an event that resulted in 6 or more patients being transported by EMS, and prehospital response time as the time from the call to arrival at the scene. We matched patients before and after MCIs by dividing them into categories of 3 hours before, 0-1 hour after, 1-2 hours after, and 2-3 hours after the MCIs. We compared prehospital response times using multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 33,276 EMS-treated patients were matched. The prehospital response time for the category of 3 hours before the MCIs was 8.8 minutes (SD: 8.2), treated as the reference, whereas that for the category of 0-1 hour after the MCI was 11.3 minutes (P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that prehospital response time increased by 2.5 minutes (95% CI: 2.3-2.8) during the first hour and by 0.3 minutes (95% CI: 0.1-0.6) during the second hour after MCIs.ConclusionThere were significant delays in the prehospital response time for emergency patients after MCIs, and it lasted for 2 hours as the spillover effect. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:94–100)
‘Drawing aside the curtain’: natural childbirth on screen in 1950s Britain
Authors: AL-GAILANI SALIM 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article recovers the importance of film, and its relations to other media, in communicating the philosophies and methods of ‘natural childbirth’ in the post-war period. It focuses on an educational film made in South Africa around 1950 by controversial British physician Grantly Dick-Read, who had achieved international fame with bestselling books arguing that relaxation and education, not drugs, were the keys to freeing women from pain in childbirth. But he soon came to regard the ‘vivid’ medium of film as a more effective means of disseminating the ‘truth of [his] mission’ to audiences who might never have read his books. I reconstruct the history of a film that played a vital role in teaching Dick-Read's method to both the medical profession and the first generation of Western women to express their dissatisfaction with highly drugged, hospitalized maternity care. The article explains why advocates of natural childbirth such as Dick-Read became convinced of the value of film as a tool for recruiting supporters and discrediting rivals. Along the way, it offers insight into the British medical film industry and the challenges associated with producing, distributing and screening a depiction of birth considered unusually graphic for the time.
Animating embryos: thein totorepresentation of life
Authors: WELLMANN JANINA 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the recent advent of systems biology, developmental biology is taking a new turn. Attempts to create a ‘digital embryo’ are prominent among systems approaches. At the heart of these systems-based endeavours, variously described as ‘in vivoimaging’, ‘live imaging’ or ‘in totorepresentation’, are visualization techniques that allow researchers to image whole, live embryos at cellular resolution over time. Ultimately, the aim of the visualizations is to build a computer model of embryogenesis. This article examines the role of such visualization techniques in the building of a computational model, focusing, in particular, on the cinematographic character of these representations. It asks how the animated representation of development may change the biological understanding of embryogenesis. By situating the animations of the digital embryo within the iconography of developmental biology, it brings to light the inextricably entwined, yet shifting, borders between the animated, the living and the computational.
Why we write (nuclear) history
Authors: Hecht David K. 
Published: September 2017

Nuclear history always compels. Scholars (and readers) can immerse themselves in the existential threat posed by the atomic bomb and its successor weapons, the tantalizing prospect of carbon-free energy, or the study of a natural phenomenon deeply at odds with our everyday experience of the world. There is thus always something profound at stake when we write nuclear history – be it physical, economic or intellectual. And while it may seem that the end of the Cold War should have diminished the academic attention accorded to the subject, it actually just allowed the historiography to evolve. To the wealth of technical and political studies that once dominated nuclear history, we can now add a host of excellent cultural, environmental, literary and transnational studies. Those of us who entered the field shortly after the break-up of the Soviet Union have been able to follow these developments first-hand, from the initial uncertainty of where nuclear history would go without its original raison d’être to seeing the possibilities opened up in a post-Cold War world. The books under review here provide important and timely additions to this historiography. Luis A. Campos's Radium and the Secret Life provides a rigorous and compelling account of the uses of radium in early twentieth-century biology; Timothy J. Jorgensen's Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation offers an accessible and illuminating analysis of the benefits and risks of radiation. The books also make for a fascinating juxtaposition. They complement each other well, but also contain some intriguing differences that allow us to reflect on the nature of nuclear history in the early twenty-first century.