bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Några uppgifter som belyser elevers uppfattningar om vad som är teknik
Authors: Andersson Björn , Svensson Maria , Zetterqvist Ann 
Published: October 2017

Discussions about technological literacy have resulted in statements about the technological literate citizen who should recognize technology as something that permeates modern society and should be able to differentiate between nature (shaped by evolution) and technology (shaped by humans). Earlier studies show that pupils express rather limited views of technology, often as modern tools (computers) and isolated from human needs. In the light of these results we wondered if Swedish pupils differentiate between technology and nature, what they view as examples of technology and if they recognize technology as an old enterprise. Our study involved 150-200 pupils in school year 7-9 who answered three questions individually in writing. The results indicate that the pupils in our group differentiate between technology and nature but many of them express limited views of what technology is. Common everyday products are regarded as technology by a minority. Furthermore several pupils seemed to regard technology as a recent activity, for example a stone axe was agreed to be technology by less than half the group and about 1/5 of the group agreed that ’technology is something rather new that only has existed a few hundred years’. Some possible implications of these results are discussed.
Hållbar utveckling i de nationella utvärderingarna av inläringsresultat i Finland
Authors: Salmio Kaija 
Published: October 2017

This article examines how sustainable development has been defined in two Finnish National Core Curricula for Basic Education for a considerable period of time, and how their Curricula objectives have been achieved in two national tests in natural sciences. The objectives, test assignments and results of the two tests have been analysed according to the principles of sustainable development, in what ways the principles had been included in the assignments, and what were the pupils´ results. One of the outcomes was, that it was possible to teach sustainable development in different subjects as well as in different themes according to the two Finnish National Core Curricula. Based on national assessments of learning outcomes, however, pupils did not fully understand the whole process of sustainable development or its principles, even though they had a fair command of some details related to sustainable development. The reports on national tests lack a systematic analysis of learning the principles of sustainable development.Most test assignments were related to the ecological dimension. The economic and cultural dimensions of sustainable development were not included to any significant extent in national assessments. The 2006 national assessment in the subject known as “environment and nature studies” was the first occasion where pupils carried out experimental group assignments. Their performances were assessed in terms of both progress of the process and knowledge of the content.Research data consisted of two National Core Curricula for Basic Education, national tests in natural sciences held in the final (9th) grade of basic education and the results of these tests. The data were analysed through content analysis.
Interesse og interesse for naturfag
Authors: Troelsen Rie Popp 
Published: October 2017

This paper considers the concept of interest and especially interest in science. An empirical study, which is based on theoretical considerations of the concept of interest and its relation to motivation and engagement, is described. The empirical study consists of life history interviews with six individuals, who all are engaged in nature and/or science as part of their job or hobby. The results from these interviews point to the need of a broader understanding of interest than is generally accepted in the traditional psychological sense. It is suggested that in terms of expressed interest, the notion of interest should be viewed partly as interest based on attitude and partly as interest based on action. The results also point to the need of clarifying the meaning of interest in science as it covers both interest in nature and being in nature, interest in science as a school subject, and interest in science itself
Hur används läroboken av lärare och elever?
Authors: Nelson Johan 
Published: October 2017

The textbook plays an important role in science education. It has been criticised, though, for several reasons, and therefore it is important to raise the question of whether the textbook is written and used in the most effective way. This article presents a literature review of the different roles of the textbook when used by teachers and students. Research shows that the textbook is important for teachers in planning of lessons and for the classroom activities. However, ﬁndings also indicate that students do not appreciate the textbook as much as might be expected by teachers and textbook producers. Finally, it is evident that neither teachers nor students use the textbook according
Pupil interest in physics: A survey in Finland
Authors: Lavonen Jari , Byman Reijo , Juuti Kalle , Meisalo Veijo , Uitto Anna 
Published: October 2017

Factors interrelating with interest in physics learning are gender, perceived relevance, contents and contexts of physics, and teaching methods. Finnish ninth grade secondary school pupil interest in physics in different contexts was investigated with a survey conducted in connection with the international ROSE project. The sample consisted of 3626 pupils (median age 15) in 61 schools. Means of all items that belong to school physics context for both girls and boys were under the middle of the scale. The most interesting things (especially for girls) were connected with human being and the less interesting (especially for girls) were connected in artefacts and technological processes. Astronomical context was rather interesting for both genders. The main message of the study is that interesting new curricular approaches and textbooks can be developed by combining technological and human or astronomical contexts.
Inquiry Based Science Education og den sociokulturelt forankrede dialog i naturfagsundervisningen. "Inquiry Based Science Education and the socio-cultural anchored dialogue in science teaching"
Authors: Østergaard Lars Domino 
Published: October 2017

Through study, investigation and discussion of the concept Best Practice in science education (Ellebæk & Østergaard, 2009) it was shown, that the dialogue in the teaching sequences was an important factor for the children’s understanding, engagement and interest for the science subjects and phenomena. In this article we will discuss dialogue in the light of sociocultural learning theories, and relate it to Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), as the pedagogical and didactical method, which are promoted most strongly these years (e.g. in the inter-European Pollen and Fibonacci projects). The method is central in the action research project NatSats, where focus is on children’s hypothesizing and the way teacher’s use dialogue in their teaching or guiding of children in kindergarten and primary school. Results from the project indicate that an open and interrogative dialogue based on the student’s premises is able to support hypothesizing, which initiates explorative and investigative challenges for the students.
Global Climate Exchange: Peer collaboration in a “Global classroom”
Authors: Korsager Majken , Slotta James D , Jorde Doris 
Published: October 2017

This paper reports on student peer collaboration in an online environment in an international shared curriculum, the Global Climate Exchange. Four cohorts of students (age 16 -19) from Canada, China, Norway and Sweden (n=157) were engaged in four wiki-based activities where they collaborated with peers locally and internationally. Previously, impact from Global Climate Exchange on students’ conceptual understanding was analysed, indicating a positive impact which might be explained by the amount of interactions with peers and international peer collaboration. This paper looks further into the details of the students’ peer interactions in terms of how they communicate in the online Global Climate Exchange learning environment. The study revealed that communication between international peers might be more constructive than when communication is limited to national peers. This might be a possible explanation for our previously findings indicating that international peer collaboration may well be an approach to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of climate change.
Selektiva traditioner i grundskolans tidigare år: Lärares betoningar av kvalitéer i naturvetenskapsundervisningen
Authors: Johansson Annie-Maj , Wickman Per-Olof 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to elucidate the selective traditions of Swedish primary school teachers in using inquiry-based learning. Material from thirteen interviews where teachers described their own inquiry practice was used to study the selective traditions along with the qualities these traditions emphasized. Four different selective traditions were identified: the fact oriented, the activity oriented, the collaboration oriented and the community oriented traditions. Different qualities were emphasized in the different traditions, for instance regarding whether teaching and inquiry should be difficult, correct, free or fun.
Muntlig kommunikation under en lektion om energikällor i årskurs 5 <br>Oral Communication during a Lesson on Energy Sources in Grade 5
Authors: Norberg Brorsson Birgitta , Enghag Margareta , Engström Susanne 
Published: October 2017

There are alarming signals of a decreasing interest in science among students and, according to research, one reason for this development is, the exclusion of the students’ experiences and thoughts in the teaching process. This article presents a study of oral communication patterns during a lesson on energy sources in year five in a Swedish primary school. The teaching sequence is analysed with both quantitative and qualitative methods to make evident the use of time, question – answer patterns, roles, and genres. The teacher creates a dialogue, using both everyday and academic language to explain complicated concepts, and allowing plenty of time for the students’ contributions. The students are also given opportunities to internalise the scientific language by means of demanding roles and genres. By including writing elements this wholly oral lesson would have provided even greater learning opportunities.
Norske masterutdanninger i naturfag for grunnskolelærere – store variasjoner i omfang på masteroppgaver og fagsammensetning<br>Norwegian master educations in natural science for lower secondary school
Authors: Olufsen Magne , Karlsen Solveig , Andreassen Monica , Sortland Andy 
Published: October 2017

English title: Norwegian master educations in natural science for lower secondary school – large differences in courses offered and size of master thesisCurrently, the majority of students in lower secondary school teacher education take a four-year education in Norway. From 2017 this education will be prolonged to a five-year master education. In connection to this, there is an ongoing debate in Norway about the content of the new teacher education programs. In 2010, the Arctic University of Norway (UiT) began the first integrated five-year master education for lower secondary teacher education students in Norway. This program is described in the article, with a focus on the subject natural science in the 5–10 level education. UiT has made progress regarding the difficult link between the student’s school practice and their education at the University. As teacher educators, we experience that the new education also seems to give the students a higher identity and motivation towards teaching natural science. There are four teacher education colleges/universities in Norwegian offering a master degree in natural science/pedagogical content knowledge for teachers in lower secondary school. These master educations are relatively different in structure, and especially the subjects offered and the size of the master thesis is considerably different.
An Account of ‘Life after Guantánamo’: a rehabilitation project for former Guantánamo detainees across continents
Authors: Rossdale Polly , Taylor Katie 
Published: October 2017

This paper describes a project established in 2009 by the human rights charity, Reprieve, to coordinate rehabilitation for men who have been released from long-term detention at the US military base of Guantánamo Bay. The majority of the men referred to the project were deemed unable to return to their home country because of the risk they faced of torture or other persecution and were therefore resettled in a third country. This paper also refers to Tunisian former Guantánamo detainees with whom Reprieve worked, who had initially been resettled in a third country but then following the Jasmine Revolution and the fall of the Ben Ali regime, were able to return to their home country. Reprieve then provided assistance to them and their families under the Life after Guantánamo in Tunisia project. This paper briefly outlines the abuse and nature of psychological control at Guantánamo and, based on the first-hand experiences of the Project Coordinator and Caseworker, offers non-clinical observations of the apparent consequences of this control on the former detainees who were referred to the project. The Life after Guantánamo project facilitated social, medical, psychological, legal and financial assistance in partnership with local service providers and through liaison with host governments and intergovernmental organisations, such as the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The paper recounts the type of assistance provided, highlights some of the challenges faced and, based on learnings made over the project’s eight year duration, makes recommendations, for future work with former Guantánamo detainees and others who have been detained and subject to torture and inhuman and degrading treatment in the ‘War on Terror’.
L'évaluation conjointe des emplois à la Commission des Écoles catholiques de Montréal
Authors: Nadeau Jocelyn 
Published: October 2017

S'il est plus difficile de rendre compte des actions des hommes que de rapporter leurs idées, la démarche en ce sens n'en présente que plus d'intérêt. Sans dissocier les deux ordres, qu'il nous soit permis de décrire une expérience, inspirée de propositions implicites; elle nous servira à formuler des hypothèses précises. L'expérience des prédécesseurs et les connaissances que nous ont léguées les théoriciens permirent la réalisation du projet; le compte rendu de sa mise en oeuvre dans un cadre nouveau servira, nous l'espérons, à d'autres organismes. Si ce compte rendu contribue à l'amélioration des méthodes d'évaluation, il aura dépassé son but; s'il fait réfléchir sur leur application, il l'aura atteint.
Le déroulement d'opérations souvent simultanées nous oblige à adopter un plan dont les séquences mettent l'accent sur les jalons principaux. Après un bref aperçu historique, nous passerons aux travaux préliminaires, notamment l'étude pilote, les termes et les formules. Nous retracerons ensuite les étapes majeures de la procédure. Le choix et l'élaboration du système et du plan feront l'objet dun chapitre distinct ainsi que l'essai et la modification de ce plan. Nous verrons enfin l'évaluation de tous les emplois et leur classement.
Christian Trade Unions and European Integration
Authors: Barnes Samuel H. 
Published: October 2017

Christian trade unions of the countries of « Little Europe » have established organizations to coordinate their European activities and to represent their interests before the agencies concerned with European economic integration. They have been forced to seek allies in order to increase their influence. In this search they have two major alternatives: they can work closely with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, or they can try to increase their influence within the Christian Democratic political milieu. This article describes the supranational structure of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions and analyses the problems of orientation with which its supranational activities has confronted it.
The present article was suggested by a broader study of Christian trade unionism in the world. A grant from the Social Science Research Council enabled the author to visit several European countries during the summer of 1959, and this assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Additional research was accomplished in Europe in the summer of 1961.
Dark
tourism ou tourisme mémoriel symbolique ?
Authors: FOLIO Fabrice 
Published: October 2017

À travers cette contribution sera esquissée une lecture critique des
ressorts des prestations du dark tourism ou tourisme sombre.
Qu’est-ce qui peut inciter à la mise en tourisme puis au succès – en termes de notoriété –
d’objets historiques dits sensibles ? En nous inspirant du terrain sud-africain, une mise
en perspective sera opérée en le confrontant à la littérature scientifique et à des
exemples notoires tirés de la scène internationale. Ce choix se justifie par le fait que
les prestations du dark tourism en Afrique du Sud, en plus
d’apparaître comme nombreuses et diversifiées dans leurs formes, paraissent combiner
plusieurs facteurs de réussite. Pour certains, il est possible de les associer à une
tendance inscrite dans un contexte de mondialisation touristique, pour d’autres, à des
particularismes locaux aux enjeux affirmés. Parmi les principaux lieux proposés, on trouve
ceux plongeant dans la politique ségrégative de développement séparé ou apartheid. En
vertu du fait qu’ils sont l’émanation ou la résultante d’une période discriminatoire
longue (1948-1991), instable et souvent violente, laquelle a marqué la nation au fer
rouge, nous questionnerons ici la pertinence de les rattacher au tourisme sombre, ou
plutôt à une forme de tourisme de mémoire « grave », très symbolique.
Le viol de Sébastien. À propos de Sébastien Roch d’Octave Mirbeau
Authors: Glaudes Pierre 
Published: October 2017

En publiant Sébastien Roch en 1890, Mirbeau, qui y relate le viol d’un adolescent par l’un des jésuites du collège où il fait ses études, a certes des finalités idéologiques : dans la perspective anarchiste où il se place, le viol figure, en les intensifiant, les effets, néfastes pour tout individu, des mécanismes d’intégration et de régulation sociales qu’assurent la famille, l’école, la communauté religieuse et l’armée. Les attouchements du père de Kern portent à son comble un processus destructeur au terme duquel l’éducation reçue par le héros transforme sa vie en un effroyable gâchis. Mais l’originalité du romancier consiste à combiner ce réalisme satirique à une psychologie des profondeurs, qui permet d’explorer de l’intérieur la conscience de la victime. Ainsi l’intérêt du roman tient-il en grande partie aux tensions qui résultent de cette double approche de la question du viol : la restitution de l’expérience intime de Sébastien déborde le cadre idéologique de la satire des institutions sociales pour donner lieu à une tentative de compte rendu quasi phénoménologique des perceptions et des émotions qui traversent la psyché du personnage, laissant ainsi entrevoir la confusion des sentiments qui le lient à son agresseur.
Pulmonary transcriptomic responses indicate a dual role of inflammation in pneumonia development and viral clearance during 2009 pandemic influenza infection
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Martínez-Orellana Pamela , Rico Lucía , Iglesias Verónica , Ortega Alicia , Vidaña Beatriz , Martínez Jorge , Expósito Ana , Montoya María , Bermejo-Martin Jesús F. 
Published: October 2017

Background
The interaction between influenza virus and the host response to infection clearly plays an important role in determining the outcome of infection. While much is known on the participation of inflammation on the pathogenesis of severe A (H1N1) pandemic 09-influenza virus, its role in the course of non-fatal pneumonia has not been fully addressed.

Methods
A systems biology approach was used to define gene expression profiles, histology and viral dynamics in the lungs of healthy immune-competent mice with pneumonia caused by a human influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, which successfully resolved the infection.

Results
Viral infection activated a marked pro-inflammatory response at the lung level paralleling the emergence of histological changes. Cellular immune response and cytokine signaling were the two signaling pathway categories more representative of our analysis. This transcriptome response was associated to viral clearance, and its resolution was accompanied by resolution of histopathology.

Discussion
These findings suggest a dual role of pulmonary inflammation in viral clearance and development of pneumonia during non-fatal infection caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus. Understanding the dynamics of the host’s transcriptomic and virological changes over the course of the infection caused by A (H1N1) pdm09 virus may help identifying the immune response profiles associated with an effective response against influenza virus.