bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating and calibrating the Real‐World Progression In Diabetes (RAPIDS) model in a non‐Veterans Affairs population
Authors: Basu Anirban , Montano‐Campos Felipe , Huang Elbert S. , Laiteerapong Neda , Barthold Douglas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo present the Real‐World Progression In Diabetes (RAPIDS) 2.0 Risk Engine, the only simulation model to study the long‐term trajectories of outcomes arising from dynamic sequences of glucose‐lowering treatments in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Research Design and MethodsThe RAPIDS model's risk equations were re‐estimated using a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)‐based regularization of features that spanned baseline data from the last two quarters of current time and interactions with age. These equations were supplemented with estimates for the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor classes of drugs as monotherapies and their combinations with metformin based on newer trial data and comprehensive meta‐analyses. The probabilistic RAPIDS 2.0 model was calibrated (N = 25 000) and validated (N = 263 816) using electronic medical records (EMR) data between 2008 and 2021 from a national network of US healthcare organizations.ResultsThe EMR‐based cohort had a mean age of 61 years at baseline, with 50% women, 70% non‐Hispanic White individuals and 20% non‐Hispanic Black individuals, and was followed for 17.5 quarters (range: 3–50). The final RAPIDS 2.0 risk engine accurately predicted the long‐term trajectories of all nine biomarkers and nine outcomes in the hold‐out validation sample. Similar accuracies in predictions were observed in each of the 14 subgroups studied.ConclusionThe RAPIDS 2.0 model demonstrated valid long‐term predictions of outcomes in individuals with T2DM in the United States as a function of dynamic sequences of treatment use patterns. This highlights its potential to project long‐term comparative effectiveness between alternative sequences of glucose‐lowering treatment uses in the United States.
The association of type 2 diabetes‐related characteristics with fracture risk at different sites
Authors: van Hulten Veerle , Souverein Patrick C. , Starup‐Linde Jakob , Viggers Rikke , Klungel Olaf H. , Vestergaard Peter , Brouwers Martijn C. J. G. , van den Bergh Joop P. , Driessen Johanna H. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the association of diabetes‐related characteristics with fractures at different sites in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. Patients aged over 30 years with T2D were identified within the CPRD. Patients were followed from the start of diabetes treatment until the end of data collection, death, or the occurrence of a fracture. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for the association of the individual characteristics (diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] level, and microvascular complications) with fracture risk, adjusted for demographics, comorbidities and comedication.ResultsA diabetes duration of >10 years was associated with an increased risk of any fracture and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs), while a diabetes duration of >8 years was associated with an increased hip fracture risk, compared to a duration <2 years. An HbA1c level <6% was associated with an increased fracture risk compared to HbA1c values of 6% to <7%. The presence of one or two microvascular complications was associated with an increased risk of any fracture and MOFs and the presence of two microvascular complications was associated with an increased hip fracture risk, compared to no microvascular complications.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study shows that a diabetes duration of 10 years or more, strict glycaemic control resulting in HbA1c levels below 6%, and/or the presence of at least one microvascular complication increased the risk of any fracture, hip fractures, MOFs, and humerus fractures, but not ankle, scapula or skull fractures.
Beneficial effect of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Arai Taeang , Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Tada Toshifumi , Matsuura Kentaro , Ishikawa Toru , Abe Hiroshi , Kato Keizo , Morishita Asahiro , Tani Joji , Okubo Tomomi , Nagao Mototsugu , Iwabu Masato , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐arm, multicentre, prospective study. Among 80 consecutive patients with MASLD and T2DM who newly received oral semaglutide, 70 completed 48‐week oral semaglutide treatment as scheduled and were included in an efficacy analysis. Dose adjustments of oral semaglutide were determined by each physician while monitoring efficacy and adverse events.ResultsSignificant improvements in body weight, liver enzymes, lipid profile, and glycaemic control were found at 48 weeks compared with baseline values (all p < 0.01). Controlled attenuation parameter values significantly decreased from baseline to 48 weeks (p < 0.01). Changes in alanine aminotransferase concentrations (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and controlled attenuation parameter values (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with changes in body weight. Liver fibrosis markers, such as type IV collagen 7S, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein, fibrosis‐4 index, and liver stiffness measurement, significantly decreased from baseline to 48 weeks (all p < 0.01). The most common adverse events were Grades 1–2 transient gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea (23 patients, 28.8%), dyspepsia (12, 15.0%) and appetite loss (4, 5.0%).ConclusionsOral semaglutide treatment for T2DM in patients with MASLD leads to an improvement in liver steatosis and injury, surrogate markers of fibrosis, diabetic status, and lipid profile, and reduces body weight.
The use of composite endpoints in cardiovascular outcome trials for diabetes: A review of 22 randomized clinical trials published since 2008
Authors: Kafai Yahyavi Sam , Kristensen Peter Lommer , Hjorthøj Carsten , Hansen Katrine Bagge , Krogh Jesper 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the use of composite endpoints (CEs) in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the significance of the individual outcomes included within these CEs from the perspectives of both patients and clinicians. Secondary objectives were to estimate the gradient of treatment effects and events across outcomes.Materials and MethodsEligible studies were randomized controlled trials assessing CV outcomes for patients with diabetes from 2008 and onwards. Trials were identified by searching the reports from the CVOT Summit of the Diabetes & CV Disease EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes) Study Group. The individual outcomes comprising the CE were compared for differences in importance for patients and clinicians, proportion of events, and effect size.ResultsWe included 22 trials randomizing a mean of 8098 patients to an active intervention or a comparator group for an average of 33 months (standard deviation 16). All primary outcomes were CEs, and from a patient perspective there was no gradient of importance across outcomes in 22 of 22 (100%) CEs, while the gradient was small in 22 of 22 (100%) from a clinician perspective. The gradient of effect was moderate to large in 9 of 18 (50%) reporting studies, while assessment of events was available in 15 of 22 studies (68%), finding that three of 15 (20%) had a gradient of effect of more than 5% points between included outcomes. In 10 of 22 (45%) trial reports, the results were not clearly presented as based on a CE.ConclusionsTo avoid misinterpretation, clinicians and regulatory authorities should be careful when interpreting the results of trials, of which the main outcomes are CEs.
Is cardiac function associated with the clinical course of disease in patients with gout? A prospective study
Authors: Dong Yanni , Li Yiming , Liu Caijie , Guo Yingnan , Feng Yanhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the function of the left heart in patients with different courses of gout, the independent influencing factors for left heart functional changes, and interactions between left atrial and left ventricular functions.MethodsPatients with gout (n = 171) were selected; 87 patients with a disease course <10 years were included in Group I, and 84 patients with a disease course ≥10 years were included in Group II. Ninety‐four healthy volunteers comprised the control group.ResultsThe intergroup differences in cardiac strain parameters were statistically significant (p < .05). Moreover, the differences gradually declined with disease progression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that uric acid was an independent predictor of decreased left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS). Moreover, LVGLS had a positive effect on the left atrial systolic rate (LASr) and the left atrial systolic contraction time (LASct) but no interaction with the left atrial systolic contraction duration (LAScd).ConclusionThe course of the disease significantly affected the function of the left heart in gout patients, and uric acid was observed to be an independent predictor of decreased LVGLS in gout patients.
Stronger aggregation reduces temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition in croplands
Authors: Ma Chong , Duan Xun , Qiao Hang , Hu Yajun , He Xunyang , Wu Jinshui , Su Yirong , Chen Xiangbi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic C (SOC) decomposition is an important parameter to predict C dynamics under climate change. Given that SOC is mainly protected by aggregates and minerals, differentiating the Q10 of the two C fractions helps to explain bulk soil C dynamics. In the present study, we collected agricultural soils from adjacent paddy and upland areas in mid‐temperate (Mollisols) and subtropic (Ultisols) regions of China. We employed density fractionation to separate aggregate‐protected and free mineral‐associated C fractions of soil samples and determined the Q10 of SOC and the two C fractions at 15 and 25°C incubated conditions. Results showed that the Q10 of SOC for Mollisols were lower than that for Ultisols, with an exception of aggregates in upland soils. Aggregate‐protected C had lower Q10 than free mineral‐associated C, except in the upland Mollisols. The Q10 of SOC was negatively correlated with the proportion of C protected in aggregates, whereas it was positively correlated with the proportions of mass or C of free minerals. Given that the mass and C proportion of aggregates in bulk soils of Mollisols were 271% and 80% higher than of Ultisols, respectively, the SOC of Mollisols exhibited lower Q10 than Ultisols. Therefore, stronger soil aggregation and higher proportion of aggregate‐protected C contributed to the lower temperature sensitivity of SOC in Mollisols. Consequently, agricultural practices aimed at promoting soil aggregation will alleviate SOC loss under future global warming scenarios.
Tree species identity affects soil P bioavailability by altering labile organic P after tree mixing in subtropical China
Authors: Deng Piaoyun , Zhou Yunchao , Tang Fenghua , Chen Wensha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConverting monocultures to mixed plantations has been emphasized to improve ecosystem productivity and services. However, the impact of tree species identity on phosphorus (P) bioavailability in acidic soils in subtropical China, where P is relatively scarce, is not fully understood. This study explored the changes in soil biologically‐based P fractions and the effect of mineral and microbial properties on P transformation after mixing five broadleaved trees (Bretschneidera sinensis, Manglietia conifera, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Michelia maudiae and Camellia oleifera) individually with coniferous trees (Pinus massoniana). The results showed that most mixed plantations significantly increased pH and citric acid and decreased exchangeable Fe3+ and Al3+ and the activation of Fe and Al oxides compared with monospecific plantations, which significantly reduced P precipitation and adsorption. Mixed planting significantly increased phosphatase activity and altered the community composition of P‐mobilizing bacteria carrying phoD and pqqC genes, which contributed to organic P mineralization and inorganic P (Pi) desorption. Mixed planting increased microbial biomass and the relative rate of microbial biomass P turnover. Labile organic P (Enzyme‐P) was a potentially significant source of soluble Pi (CaCl2‐P) among the biologically‐based P fractions, plus microbial biomass P. Overall, introducing broadleaved species, especially in species (e.g. Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Michelia maudiae and Camellia oleifera) with relatively high litter quality and belowground secretions (e.g. citric acid, phosphatase), significantly increased the solubilization of recalcitrant Pi (HCl‐P), desorption of chemisorbed Pi (Citrate‐P) and accumulation and mineralization of Enzyme‐P, thereby increasing the available P pools. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that P fractions were mainly driven by phosphatases, exchangeable cations, floor fresh litter lignin/N and citric acid. Altogether, we highlight the importance of choosing tree species mixtures that have synergistic or complementary effects when constructing mixed plantations in order to alleviate soil P limitations.
Education for fatigue management in people with multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wendebourg Maria Janina , Poettgen Jana , Finlayson Marcia , Gonzalez‐Lorenzo Marien , Heesen Christoph , Köpke Sascha , Giordano Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeFatigue is a common and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Educational interventions have shown potential to reduce fatigue. The aim was to systematically review the current best evidence on patient education programmes for MS‐related fatigue.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis following Cochrane methodology. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases (September 2023). Moreover, reference lists and trial registers were searched and experts in the field were contacted. Randomized controlled trials were included evaluating patient education programmes for people with MS with the primary aim of reducing fatigue.ResultsIn total, 1176 studies were identified and assessed by two independent reviewers; 15 studies (1473 participants) were included. All interventions provided information and education about different aspects of MS‐related fatigue with different forms of application, some with components of psychological interventions. Amongst those, the most frequently applied were cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 5) and energy‐conservation‐based approaches (n = 4). Studies differed considerably concerning mode of intervention delivery, number of participants and length of follow‐up. Interventions reduced fatigue severity (eight studies, n = 878, standardized mean difference −0.28; 95% confidence interval −0.53 to −0.03; low certainty) and fatigue impact (nine studies, n = 824, standardized mean difference −0.21; 95% confidence interval −0.42 to 0.00; moderate certainty) directly after the intervention. Mixed results were found for long‐term effects on fatigue, for secondary endpoints (depressive symptoms, quality of life, coping) and for subgroup analyses.ConclusionEducational interventions for people with MS‐related fatigue may be effective in reducing fatigue in the short term. More research is needed on long‐term effects and the importance of specific intervention components, delivery and context.
Analysis of fracture modes and acoustic emission characteristics of low‐frequency disturbed coal rock bodies with different cyclic amplitudes
Authors: Liang Bin , Wang Dong , Jiang Yujing , Luan Hengjie , Liu Jiankang , Wang Jianlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFrequent mining operations significantly disturb the security of deep weakly cemented rock roadways in western mining areas, constituting one of the primary causes of deformation, instability, and failure within the coal‐rock body. In this paper, dynamic uniaxial compression tests of soft rock‐coal combinations under low‐frequency disturbance with different cyclic amplitudes were conducted based on acoustic emission to elucidate fracture modes. The findings are as follows: Different cycle amplitudes manifested significant degradation effects on the soft rock‐coal combination. With increasing cycle amplitude, the proportion of tensile cracks initially decreased before subsequently increasing, demonstrating a general upward trajectory. The sudden increase in the acoustic emission RA value, the large decrease in the b‐value, and AE counts reaching the peak mean that failure and destabilization of the specimen begin to occur. The results of this study will furnish theoretical direction for dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning in soft rock mines located in western mining regions.
Feeding habits of splendid alfonsino Beryx splendens in the vicinity of Kuroshio, the south of Japan
Authors: Kodama Taketoshi , Ishii Koichi , Horii Sachiko , Gonda Natsuki , Yonezawa Junji , Ando Kazuto , Takahashi Kazutaka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGut contents and nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) analyses were conducted on splendid alfonsino Beryx splendens collected in the vicinity of Kuroshio from May 2015 to November 2016 (n = 708) to identify their feeding habits in the Western North Pacific. Micronektonic fish, shrimp, and squid were the dominant prey species, with the Decapoda Acanthephyra quadrispinosa, Prehensilosergia prehensilis, Cephalopoda Enoploteuthis chunii, Chiroteuthis calyx, Teleostei Sigmops gracilis, and Gonostoma elongatum. These micronektons are common in the Kuroshio Current; thus, B. splendens is a possible opportunistic feeder. Gut content weight (GCW), occurrence (%O) of fish and squid, and δ15N were significantly increased with the fork length (FL) of B. splendens. Only the %O of shrimp does not show a significant relationship with the FL of B. splendens. These indicated the ontogenetic shift of dominant prey from shrimp to fish. Fattened specimens could also prey on a greater number of fish. The seasonality of GCW and %O values was high in spring and autumn and low in summer and winter. This seasonality indicated that the feeding habits of B. splendens are controlled by primary productivity in the surface layer and/or by maturity. When the Kuroshio flowed in the north of Hachijojima Island, the GCW was significantly increased, and some organisms, including C. calyx, G. elongatum, and S. gracilis, were preyed on more. While the offshore area of the Kuroshio has low productivity, B. splendens can actively prey in this area, indicating that it is an important feeding ground for this species.
Survey of General Practitioner Perspectives on Endometriosis Diagnosis, Referrals, Management and Guidelines in New Zealand
Authors: Ellis Katherine , Meador Alina , Ponnampalam Anna , Wood Rachael 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a growing body of literature concerning endometriosis patients' perspectives on the healthcare system and endometriosis care in New Zealand. However, there is little research available on the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) internationally, and none currently in New Zealand. The purpose of this study is to address New Zealand GPs' understanding of and approach to endometriosis diagnosis, referrals, management and guidelines.Methods and MaterialsAn online, anonymous survey was shared with 869 GP clinics and completed by 185 New Zealand‐based GPs regarding their awareness and application of the inaugural 2020 ‘Diagnosis and Management of Endometriosis in New Zealand’ guidelines, their perception of their endometriosis knowledge, the diagnostic value they assign to symptoms, the treatments they recommend and the reasons they refer patients to specialist gynaecologists. Differences between groups were conducted using Chi‐squared tests, and text answers were assessed thematically using inductive, semantic coding.ResultsAll 185 GPs had gynaecology consults, and 73% had gynaecology consults every week. Despite 65% being aware of the 2020 guidelines, only 35% overall had read them. Only 52% of GPs considered themselves to know enough about endometriosis for their routine practice. The most common treatment to be considered first line was intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs; 96%), whereas the most common alternative treatment recommended was exercise (69%). The most common reason for referral to specialist care was the failure of all attempted treatments (84%).ConclusionsMany of the study's results align with current New Zealand and international endometriosis guidelines, particularly the prioritisation of progestin‐only therapies, the reduced emphasis on surgical treatment as the first line and the low rates of alternative treatment recommendations. This study also highlights the need to improve awareness of inappropriate GP recommendations, including long‐term treatment with prescription‐only pain relief such as codeine and pregnancy for symptomatic relief.Patient or Public ContributionTwo of the authors involved in the design and conduct of the study, data interpretation and manuscript preparation have sought care for endometriosis.Trial RegistrationNA
Fermented fruits and legumes in Africa: production factors and health benefits
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua 
Published: September 2024

SummaryFermentation is an age‐long food processing tool used to preserve and develop functional foods and beverages. Fruits in particular have a very short shelf life due to their high water activity, favourable to microbial decomposition and spoilage, while legumes are protein‐rich crops that require improved protein digestibility. These are some standout reasons for applying this tool to develop fermented fruit‐ and legume‐based products. From multifarious fruit‐based beers, non‐alcoholic beverages and alcoholic drinks to legume‐based condiments and meals, fermentation has been used over time in Africa to enhance the food security, safety, nutrition, healthfulness and livelihoods of the people. As the nutrition and economic prospects of African fermented fruit‐ and legume‐based products are huge not only to the African continent but globally (as African diasporans and their interracial friends, spouses and relatives are notably consuming them), they are fraught with opportunities and challenges. This review describes the production factors (including raw material selection, processing techniques, environmental conditions and the role of microorganisms) and health benefits of these African fermented products. Safety concerns, fermentation challenges and other considerations are also discussed. Further studies targeting fermentation and production of novel, healthy and safer fruit‐ and legume‐based African food products are warranted due to their potential positive contribution to African and global hunger and malnutrition issues.