bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine and home care: controversies and opportunities
Authors: Vitacca M. , Scalvini S. , Spanevello A. , Balbi B. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsThe costs for care assistance in chronic disease patients are dramatically increasing.Telemedicine may be a very useful application of information and communication technologies in high-quality healthcare services.The efficacy of respiratory disease telemedicine projects is promising (i.e.to tailor therapeutic intervention; to avoid useless hospital and emergency department admissions, reduce GP visits and specialised visits; and to involve the patients and their families).The nurse practitioner is common to all the trials and appears to have a key role in the management of chronic disease.Different programmes based on specific and local situations, on specific diseases and levels of severity with a high level of flexibility should be utilised.Respiratory team members and the ERS need to identify the ideal candidates and the most appropriate systems to deliver telemedicine with an acceptable cost/efficacy and costs/benefits balance.Educational aimsTo motivate the interest of chest physicians in a new approach to delivering medical care.To define the different types of telemedicine: telecare and telesurveillance.To provide information on the main clinical results in this field and give examples of case studies.To provide details on the recommendations and limitations of telemedicine programmes.SummaryThis review focuses on the prospects, and possible drawbacks, of a new innovative instrument of care known as “home telehealth”, “telecare” or “telemedicine”. The main results from utilising telemedicine in respiratory diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the illustrative conditions) are presented. A principal goal of telemedicine is to improve access to healthcare services. During this process, savings in time and travel costs should be achieved, thereby rationalising access to medical care. The field of telemedicine is relatively new and expanding. In order to establish evidencebased guidelines for the design and implementation of disease management plans that employ telemedicine, further research is required. Telemedicine is not simply “technology” but an innovative medical approach (based more on a dedicated healthcare team than on high-tech instruments) that will help the medical team to care for patients and their families. In the future, it is hoped that telemedicine will form a valuable part of the disease management process, because, when used intelligently, home telehealth should supplement conventional delivery techniques and not replace them.
Ireland's workplace smoking ban
Authors: Clancy L. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsSuccessful attributes of the workplace smoking ban campaignstrong clear health messagestrong political support and commitmenttrade union supportunified approach of all tobacco-control agenciesEducational aimsTo highlight the role of chest physicians in tobacco control.To present the important elements in achieving the workplace ban.To review some of the outcomes of the ban, including the impact on respiratory health.SummaryTobacco control is arguably the most important health intervention of our time, and it is appropriate and important that chest physicians play an active role in this process. Smoking is the main cause of COPD and lung cancer, and is important in asthma. Its clear role in infections of both children and adults is such that there are very few respiratory physicians whose work is not affected by smoking. The workplace ban in Ireland is an example of a successful intervention with immediate beneficial respiratory health outcomes and, in all likelihood, enormous long-term benefits. This review examines the processes in the formation of a national tobacco control policy which supported the implementation of the ban and also reviews the effectiveness of the intervention, in particular with regard to acute respiratory health.
Asthma and pregnancy: interactions and management
Authors: Gaga M. , Oikonomidou E. , Zervas E. , Papageorgiou-Georgatou N. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsAsthma is one of the most common diseases complicating pregnancy.Pregnancy influences the control of asthma; its effect may be beneficial or detrimental.Asthma during pregnancy should be treated according to its severity in a step-wise manner and as aggressively as asthma in nonpregnant patients.It is safer for pregnant women with asthma to be treated with asthma medications than to have asthma symptoms and exacerbations.Uncontrolled and severe asthma is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and foetus.Frequent monitoring, severity-based pharmacotherapy, and prevention and prompt treatment of exacerbations are very important for the safe delivery of a healthy baby.Breastfeeding is strongly recommended for asthmatic females; it is associated with a reduction in the development of atopy in children, and the use of asthma medications is safe during breastfeeding.Integrated care (obstetrics and pulmonary), patient education, compliance with treatment and avoidance of triggering factors are key issues in the management of a pregnant asthmatic patient.Educational aimsTo describe interactions between asthma and pregnancy.To present management guidelines and discuss the use of specific asthma medications during pregnancy.SummaryAsthma is one of the most common diseases complicating pregnancy. It can lead to significant morbidity for both mother and foetus. Pregnancy may also affect asthma control and severity. Therefore, pregnant asthmatic patients should receive integrated obstetric and respiratory care.The focus of asthma treatment remains the control of symptoms and maintenance of normal lung function of the mother. However, during pregnancy, the safe delivery of a healthy baby is an additional goal. It is safer for pregnant women with asthma to be treated with asthma medications than for them to have asthma symptoms and exacerbations.Asthma treatment during pregnancy follows the same step-wise approach as normal, and studies have shown that first-line asthma medications (such as inhaled glucocorticosteroids and ß2-agonists) are not associated with an increased incidence of foetal abnormalities. Moreover, inhaled glucocorticosteroids have been shown to prevent exacerbations of asthma in pregnancy and should be used in persistent asthma to control the disease and prevent exacerbations. If acute exacerbations develop, they should be treated promptly and aggressively in order to avoid foetal hypoxia.Good pregnancy and asthma outcomes are achieved through integrated obstetric and respiratory care, close monitoring, meticulous tailoring of pharmacotherapy, patient education and reassurance. This review describes interactions between asthma and pregnancy and briefly presents treatment guidelines.
Postgraduate Course ERS Munich 2006 - Diagnostic procedures to detect the causes of hypoxic respiratory failure: is being less invasive necessarily better?
Authors: Ferrer M. 
Published: September 2016

Educational aimsTo review the diagnostic approach to the most relevant pulmonary causes of hypoxic acute respiratory failure.To focus on the use of invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques for these diseases.SummaryBoth acute and chronic pulmonary disorders can lead to hypoxic acute respiratory failure (ARF), in which patients are unable to maintain arterial oxygenation despite not retaining carbon dioxide. The three major acute disorders which can underly ARF are (ventilator-assisted) pneumonia (VAP), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary embolism. Each of these conditions poses its own diagnostic and treatment difficulties. This article will review diagnostic procedures relating to these most relevant causes of this syndrome.
Optimal consultations for those with respiratory illness
Authors: Roberts N.J. , Partridge M.R. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsThe spectrum of disease seen by health services has changed over time, but in many cases the mode of consultation has remained the same.Patients can be encouraged to attend either by making consultations more convenient or by using reminders.Preparation and follow-up are vital aspects of a successful consultation.Patients who are helped to understand their treatment may be more compliant.Educational aimsTo increase awareness of the need for specialist consultation clinics to be configured in a manner that is convenient for patients with long-term respiratory conditions.To encourage clinicians to consider the problems associated with non-attendance of patients in specialist clinics.To provide clinicians with the necessary knowledge to improve patient satisfaction with specialist outpatient consultations.SummaryConsultations with those with respiratory disease increasingly involve those with longterm conditions. Such conditions merit greater attention being paid to the selection of simple treatment regimens, self-management education, enhancing compliance and good communication. The design and running of a respiratory consultation service can be enhanced by addressing the best use of the time before the consultation, the consultation itself and methods for reinforcing messages during follow-up.
Allergy diagnosis: pros and cons of different tests, indications and limitations
Authors: Brand P.L.P. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsAllergy and sensitisation are not the same.Sensitisation to both food and airborne allergens may change over time.Double-blind placebocontrolled food challenges are by far the best way to diagnose food allergy.Size matters: the degree, not the presence, of sensitisation determines risk of allergy.Educational aimsTo describe different methods of allergy diagnosis, with pros and cons.To explain the difference between sensitisation and allergy.To demonstrate that allergic sensitisation is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon, but that the degree of sensitisation is also important.SummaryAlthough related, allergy and sensitisation are not identical. It is quite common for sensitisation to occur asymptomatically, while “allergic” symptoms may also appear independent of the presence of sensitisation. In addition, the risk of allergic disease (symptoms) depends on the degree of sensitisation, rather than whether sensitisation is present.The results of tests for sensitisation, such as skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E tests, must be interpreted with this in mind. Because of their low cost and rapid results, SPTs are the preferred method to screen for allergic sensitisation. Specific IgE tests are more useful to confirm or reject the suspicion of specific sensitisation to a certain allergen. Caution is necessary when interpreting published results from tertiary-care reference centres; because the population studied is usually distinctly different from the patients in your centre, the results of such studies may not be applicable in your own clinical practice.
Management of blast and inhalation injury
Authors: Gregoretti C. , Decaroli D. , Stella M. , Mistretta A. , Mariano F. , Tedeschi L. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsAll patients with facial burns may be suspected of having ‘difficult-to-control’ airways owing to smoke inhalation injury (SII). Many of them either have an incorrect diagnosis, or mild-to-moderate injury with unrecognised aggravating respiratory failure.For a diagnosis of inhalation injury, it is necessary to follow the patient closely for >48 h.Inhalation injury is a condition with different clinical presentations. Clinical follow-up is necessary to improve patient care, to help guide treatment and to provide clues for therapeutic interventions.Notwithstanding intensive care treatment including airway intubation and mechanical ventilation, many patients with severe inhalation injury remain under-treated.Educational aimsTo discuss the initial approach and assessment of a patient with SII.To help the reader recognise different clinical pictures of inhalation injury.To outline management and discuss treatment.Summary“Inhalation injury” describes a variety of insults caused by the aspiration of superheated gases, steam or noxious products of incomplete combustion. Inhalation injury involves the entire respiratory system. Early diagnosis based on history and physical examination, in addition to careful monitoring for respiratory complications, is mandatory. As there is no specific treatment for inhalation injury, management involves providing the necessary degree of support required to compensate for upper airway swelling and impairment in gas exchange. Airway intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required while the endobronchial and alveolar mucosa are regenerating.Primary blast injury (BI) is caused by immediate pressure variations, which are the product of rapid sequences of compression and decompression. Secondary and tertiary BI include lesions caused when the subject is thrown against rigid structures or is hit by flying objects. Its diagnosis and therapy follows guidelines for emergency care.
The effect of mesenchymal stromal cell sheets on the inflammatory stage of flexor tendon healing
Authors: Shen Hua , Kormpakis Ioannis , Havlioglu Necat , Linderman Stephen W. , Sakiyama-Elbert Shelly E. , Erickson Isaac E. , Zarembinski Thomas , Silva Matthew J. , Gelberman Richard H. , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
The clinical outcomes following intrasynovial flexor tendon repair are highly variable. Excessive inflammation is a principal factor underlying the formation of adhesions at the repair surface and affecting matrix regeneration at the repair center that limit tendon excursion and impair tendon healing. A previous in-vitro study revealed that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) modulate tendon fibroblast response to macrophage-induced inflammation. The goal of the current study was therefore to explore the effectiveness of autologous ASCs on the inflammatory stage of intrasynovial tendon healing in vivo using a clinically relevant animal model.

Methods
Zone II flexor tendon transections and suture repairs were performed in a canine model. Autologous ASC sheets were delivered to the surface of repaired tendons. Seven days after repair, the effects of ASCs on tendon healing, with a focus on the inflammatory response, were evaluated using gene expression assays, immunostaining, and histological assessments.

Results
ASCs delivered via the cell sheet infiltrated the host tendon, including the repair surface and the space between the tendon ends, as viewed histologically by tracking GFP-expressing ASCs. Gene expression results demonstrated that ASCs promoted a regenerative/anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype and regulated tendon matrix remodeling. Specifically, there were significant increases in M2-stimulator (IL-4), marker (CD163 and MRC1), and effector (VEGF) gene expression in ASC-sheet treated tendons compared with nontreated tendons. When examining changes in extracellular matrix expression, tendon injury caused a significant increase in scar-associated COL3A1 expression and reductions in COL2A1 and ACAN expression. The ASC treatment effectively counteracted these changes, returning the expression levels of these genes closer to normal. Immunostaining further confirmed that ASC treatment increased CD163+ M2 cells in the repaired tendons and suppressed cell apoptosis at the repair site.

Conclusions
This study provides a novel approach for delivering ASCs with outcomes indicating potential for substantial modulation of the inflammatory environment and enhancement of tendon healing after flexor tendon repair.
Autophagy in adhesion and migration
Authors: Kenific Candia M. , Wittmann Torsten , Debnath Jayanta 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Autophagy, a pathway for lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation, has recently been described as a regulator of cell migration. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy-dependent motility are only beginning to emerge, new work demonstrates that selective autophagy mediated by the autophagy cargo receptor, NBR1, specifically promotes the dynamic turnover of integrin-based focal adhesion sites during motility. Here, we discuss the detailed mechanisms through which NBR1-dependent selective autophagy supports focal adhesion remodeling, and we describe the interconnections between this pathway and other established regulators of focal adhesion turnover, such as microtubules. We also highlight studies that examine the contribution of autophagy to selective degradation of proteins that mediate cellular tension and to integrin trafficking; these findings hint at further roles for autophagy in supporting adhesion and migration. Given the recently appreciated importance of selective autophagy in diverse cellular processes, we propose that further investigation into autophagy-mediated focal adhesion turnover will not only shed light onto how focal adhesions are regulated but will also unveil new mechanisms regulating selective autophagy.
The Impact of Art Therapy on the Development of Emotional Sphere of the Older Pre-Schoolchildren
Authors: Николаева  , Nikolaeva Viktoriya , Байкенова  , Baykenova A. 
Published: September 2016

This article is devoted to the issue of development of the
emotional sphere of the pre-schoolchildren. Pre-school education
and training is the first level of continuing education, it creates
developing environment for the full formation of the child&#180;s personality,
taking into account age and individual characteristics. At
the present stage of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
there is a great task to educate fully developed personality to society.
An important role in this is the development of emotional sphere
of preschool children. The authors examine the art therapy as a
means of correcting the emotional state of children of the senior
preschool age. The article presents the experimental work on the
problem of research, including: states and forming a control experiment.
In order to try to make changes in the emotional state
of children preventive and developmental program on the use of
art therapy was drawn up. The end, the authors come to the conclusion
that in the conditions of a single art - a qualitatively new and
higher educational and social progress has been made in aesthetic
environment.
Issues of the System Forecasting: an Analysis of the Inversions
Authors: Севостьянов  , Sevostyanov D. 
Published: September 2016

The article analyzes common form of internal system
relations, specifically the inversion&#96;s relationship. These relations
are a manifestation of the systemic contradictions between the
formal location of the element in the hierarchy and from its actual
role in it. In complex systems there are several organizing
principles. These have the potential to collide with each other, and
this causes the inversion in this system.
Lack of understanding of the mechanisms of development of inversions
leads to the fact that the system state is assessed as chaotic.
It is shown that knowledge of the conditions under which likely to
develop inverse relations, it is necessary for creating an adequate
picture of the system and preparation of a realistic forecast of its
further functioning.
Institutional Environment of Education and Competitiveness of Educational Services of Russian Universities
Authors: Муравьёва  , Muraveva E. , Сазанова  , Sazanova S. 
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the concept of “institutional environment education”, “educational service”,
“competitiveness of educational services”, clarifying their contents. The authors analyzed the nature and
content of the competitive educational services offered criteria for the competitiveness of educational
institutions in terms of the value-oriented approach. The authors examined the effect of the institutional
environment of education at institute of education and justify the link between the institutional environment of
education and competitiveness of educational institutions and educational services. Improving the Russian
education system, the institutional environment of education and competitiveness of educational services
of Russian universities is only possible on the basis of a deep and comprehensive study of the described
relationship.
The Problems of the Society Human Resources Management in Market Conditions
Authors: Турчинов  , Turchinov Alyeksandr 
Published: September 2016

The article considers the current governance problems associated with the position of the polity in relation
to the human resource potential of society in market conditions. The author gives an overview of facts
that characterizes the condition of the human resources potential in Russia for the past decades. In the
article it is noted, that over the years the polity rashly confided the regulatory role of market in the creation
of highly complex mechanisms of understanding professional man as a precious asset of society, the
state, the organization. The author emphasizes that the capability of human resource strategy is not quite
comprehended in state governance yet. The need of a holistic scientific approach to reproduction and
demand for human resource capacity is justified, that will provide personnel security of the society and the
state in the conditions of human resource globalization.
Erratum
Authors: AMS Editorial 
Published: September 2016

<p>The publisher regrets that the acknowledgements, authors name and/or affiliations of the authors attributed to these papers are incorrect.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left">The correct submitting acknowledgements for the first paper listed above is:</p><p align="left">This research was fully supported by the Slovak Grant Agency for Science (VEGA 1/0425/14).</p>
Continuing Professional Development: Survivability of PreHospital Cardiac Arrest: A Survey
Authors: Jenkins Steven 
Published: September 2016

Overview Prehospital cardiac arrest patients are historically known to have low survival rates. It is also a common medical presentation that ambulance clinicians have to treat. This survey looks at survivability figures of these patients brought into one hospital over a 12-month period, and discusses factors such as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), advanced life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS). It also discusses the difficult choice of whether to ‘stay on scene’ or ‘load and go’. Learning Outcomes After completing this module you will be able to: • Appreciate the appropriate use of data and how it is affected by the Data Protection Act. • Appreciate that effective basic life support (BLS) is the most important factor in achieving a successful outcome from prehospital cardiac arrest. • Understand the importance of interprofessional and interdepartmental collaboration in allowing research and data compilation. • Understand that each prehospital cardiac arrest case is unique, and accept that each clinician must make their decision in a dynamic environment. • Reflect on future cardiac arrest patients, and be more open to the two options of ‘load and go’ or ‘stay on scene’.