bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of chemotherapy and loco‐regional therapy in stage IA triple‐negative breast cancer and their association with oncologic outcomes: A cancer registry study
Authors: Pfob André , Surovtsova Irina , Kokh Daria B. ,   Baden‐Württemberg Cancer Registry (BWCR), Heil Joerg , Banys‐Paluchowski Maggie , Morakis Philipp 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy and loco‐regional therapy for stage IA (pT1, pN0) triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a real‐world setting. We identified patients with pT1, pN0 TNBC diagnosed between 2009 and 2021 within the Baden‐Württemberg cancer registry (BWCR), Germany. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier statistics and multivariate Cox regression models (adjusted for age, use of chemotherapy, local therapy (breast conserving therapy [breast conserving surgery + radiotherapy] vs. mastectomy), and tumor histologic subtype). A total of 1231 patients with a median follow‐up of 45.9 months were identified: 1.0% (12 of 1231) with pT1mi stage, 9.5% (117 of 1231) with pT1a, 23.7% (292 of 1231) with pT1b, and 65.8% (810 of 1231) with pT1c. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed no significant influence for the use of chemotherapy on OS in pT1b patients (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.43–1.90). For pT1c patients with Grade 1–2 tumors, the use of chemotherapy was not significantly associated OS (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.48–2.11) but breast conserving therapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.93). For pT1c patients with Grade 3 tumors, the use of chemotherapy (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.78) as well as breast conserving therapy (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.76) was associated with OS. This data suggests that OS in stage IA TNBC is strongly influenced by local therapy rather than the use of chemotherapy, except for pT1c patients with Grade 3 tumors. Larger studies with longer‐term follow‐up are welcomed to fully inform this discussion.
Machine learning and multiple linear regression models can predict ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity in strawberries
Authors: Zushi Kazufumi , Yamamoto Miyu , Matsuura Momoka , Tsutsuki Kan , Yonehana Asumi , Imamura Ren , Takahashi Hiromi , Kirimura Masaaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDStrawberry is a rich source of antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (ASA) and polyphenols, which have numerous health benefits. Antioxidant content and activity are often determined manually using laboratory equipment, which is destructive and time‐consuming. This study constructs a prediction model for antioxidant compounds utilizing machine learning (ML) and multiple linear regression based on environmental, plant growth and agronomic fruit quality‐related parameters as well as antioxidant levels. These were studied in three farms at two‐week intervals during two years of cultivation.RESULTSDuring the ML model screening, artificial neural network (ANN)‐boosted models displayed a moderate coefficient of determination (R2) at 0.68–0.78 and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) at 3.8–4.8% in polyphenols and total ASA levels, as well as a high R2 of 0.96 and low RRMSE at <3.0% in antioxidant activity. Additionally, we developed variable selection models regarding the antioxidant activity, and variables two and five (environmental parameters and leaf length, respectively) with high accuracy were selected. The linear regression analysis between the actual and predicted data of antioxidants in the ANN‐boosted models revealed high fitness with all parameters in almost all training, validation and test sets. Furthermore, environmental parameters are essential in developing such reliable models.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that ANN‐boosted, stepwise and double‐Lasso regression models can predict antioxidant compounds with enhanced accuracy, and the relevant parameters can be easily acquired on‐site without the need for any specific equipment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Walnut peptide relieves hypertension and associated kidney and heart injury by regulating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Chen Shupeng , Huan Pengtao , Ma Ting , Zhong Yujie , Ning Delu , Zhuang Yongliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypertension is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Previously, we screened a walnut meal peptide FDWLR (PEP) with significant angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The present study further investigated the anti‐hypertensive effects of PEP in vivo using spontaneously hypertensive rats.RESULTSThe results indicated that PEP reduced blood pressure and the indices in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) including angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) (decreased by 15.36%), angiotensin II (Ang II) (decreased by 31.56%), angiotensinogen (AGT) (decreased by 58.84%) and aldosterone (ALD) (decreased by 18.27%), whereas NO levels increased by 54.96%. The pathological analysis showed that PEP relieved cardiac and renal damage. PEP also alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidney. Mechanistically, PEP mitigated cardiac and renal damage by simultaneously regulating ACE‐Ang II‐AT1R and the ACE2‐Ang (1–7)‐MAS axis. Additionally, PEP increased the levels of short chain fatty acids by 224.16% and improved gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Prevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto and Bifidobacterium, at the same time as decreasing Bacteroides and Alistipes abundances.CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that PEP prevented hypertension and associated heart and kidney damage by modulating the RAAS system and gut microbiota, which is valuable in guiding future development and optimal utilization of walnut meal. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dietary secoisolariciresinol diglucoside crude extract improves growth through modulating rumen bacterial community and epithelial development in lambs
Authors: Liu Ning , Yu Shiqiang , Qu Jinrui , Tian Boya , Liu Junhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlaxseed lignans, types of polyphenolic compounds, primarily consist of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Natural plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as feed for ruminant animals. An underutilized plant bioactive component, SDG shows promising benefits for young ruminant production. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of SDG on rumen fermentation using an in vitro rumen simulation technology. Additionally, we tested the effects of SDG (0.20 g kg−1 body weight) on rumen development and production performance of lambs in a production setting.RESULTSThe in vitro addition of 100 mg L−1 SDG demonstrated significant regulatory effects, with a notable decrease in the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.05). Feeding trials revealed that SDG significantly increased average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain (P < 0.05), and reduced the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.05). This led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Eubacterium ruminantium (P = 0.038) and Butyrivibrio (P = 0.002). Furthermore, it promoted rumen development and upregulated the relative expression of mRNA of Cyclin E1 and CDK2 in rumen epithelial cells (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe SDG extract optimizes the composition of rumen microbiota and the development of rumen epithelial cells, promoting the growth of pre‐weaning lambs. The SDG additive exhibits potential as a novel growth promoter for ruminant animals, offering a promising solution for sustainable livestock production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cereal‐Based Intercropping Systems Improve Yield Advantage and Crop Yield Under Superabsorbent Application in Semiarid Conditions
Authors: Narimani Yosof , Taleshi Kazem , Khorgami Ali , Vafaei Seyyed Hossein 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTConsidering the yield advantage of cereal:legume intercropping in low nitrogen conditions, an experiment was laid out to examine the barley:chickpea intercropping treatments and their effects on biological yield and yield advantage of two plants under rain‐fed conditions as affected by a superabsorbent polymer (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha−1) in two cropping seasons. In both years, increasing the chickpea population increased the chickpea biological yield, total land equivalent ratio (TLER), competition index (CI), and barley and chickpea relative yields. Increasing the amount of the superabsorbent polymer to 100 kg ha−1 increased the chickpea competition ratio (0.86). The highest TLER (4.00) was related to 100:100 barley:chickpea intercropping without superabsorbent polymer application. In both years, the highest CI (0.21) was attained in the 100:100 barley:chickpea intercrop system in the first year. This was followed by the 100:100 barley:chickpea intercrop ratio (0.16) in the second year. The highest barley relative yields in the first year (3.91) and second year (3.57) were related to the 100:100 barley:chickpea plant ratio, which was higher than the yields for the 100:25 (38% and 35%), 100:50 (26% and 23%), and 100:75 (12% and 10%) ratios. Based on the results, the superiority of mixed cultivation, compared with pure cultivation, in the exploitation of production resources and integration of crop plants was observed.
Seasonal trends in Subantarctic plankton δ13C and δ15N are driven by phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient preference
Authors: Stirnimann Luca , Bornman Thomas G. , Verheye Hans M. , Fawcett Sarah E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of marine plankton record biogeochemical processes at the base of the food web. In the Southern Ocean, such data, predominantly from summer, have been used to infer surface CO2 concentrations and the potential for biological carbon export. However, variability in plankton δ13C and δ15N remains poorly understood, with the lack of seasonal measurements from the Southern Ocean emerging as a particular limitation. Here, we investigate the δ13C and δ15N of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and zooplankton collected from the Subantarctic Ocean in winter, summer, and autumn. The low summertime δ13CSPM and δ15NSPM can be explained by strong diatom reliance on nitrate supplied during winter mixing. A subsequent increase in δ13CSPM and decrease in δ15NSPM by autumn is consistent with iron limitation in mid‐ to late‐summer favoring diatom succession by nano‐phytoplankton that consume mainly recycled ammonium. By winter, bacterial decomposition of biomass outpaces new biomass production, decreasing δ13CSPM and raising δ15NSPM. The δ13C and δ15N of contemporaneously sampled zooplankton generally reflect the variability in δ13CSPM and δ15NSPM, with one autumn mismatch suggesting that in situ SPM is not always the dominant zooplankton food source. Our study shows how nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton community composition shape the seasonality of the Subantarctic's isotopic baselines, emphasizing a key role for iron availability. This work has implications for isotope‐based food web studies, highlighting the need to consider seasonal variability in δ13CSPM and δ15NSPM, as well as the different turnover times of phytoplankton (i.e., SPM) vs. zooplankton biomass.
Identifying a suitable material model to simulate the mechanical load transfer into the humeral bone in stemless shoulder endoprostheses
Authors: Strackeljan Cornelius , Duvigneau Fabian , Borgolte Melissa , Lohmann Christoph , Döring Joachim , Berth Alexander , Woschke Elmar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModern shoulder arthroplasties with stemless implants help to preserve the original bone substance of the proximal humerus and to reduce potential risks of conventional implants. Their shape allows newly formed bone to grow directly through the implant. However, it is not fully explained how an optimal fixation of the implant by formation of new bone can be achieved or stimulated. In this context, we develop a method to simulate the mechanical loading of the proximal humerus during the surgery using the finite element method to investigate whether one or more mechanical stress variables can be correlated with measurement data of cell activity in the bone, which is available in the form of SPECT/CT data. This contribution presents measurements with explanted humeral heads from patients undergoing planned total shoulder arthroplasties in order to parameterize a material model for trabecular bone to be used in the finite element simulation. The raw data of these measurements were published and can be accessed for further investigations.
Behavior of a phase field model for wetting on structured surfaces
Authors: Kunz Jana , Leroux Louise , Hasse Hans , Müller Ralf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTechnical surfaces are generally not perfectly smooth, but usually exhibit roughness. Additionally, as micro production techniques continue to evolve, geometrical surface structures at the micro scale can be manufactured, which presents a challenge for wetting models that are commonly formulated for smooth surfaces. A phase field model for surface wetting, proposed by Diewald et al., serves as a basis for this investigation. On smooth surfaces, the width of the gas‐liquid interface can be widened for scale bridging purposes, as this allows for accurate computations on coarse grids. However, it was observed that this interface scaling impacts the results when the model is applied to rough surfaces, and therefore a free choice of the interface width is not always sensible. In this work, the ability of the model to deal with sinusoidally shaped surfaces is investigated. An Allen–Cahn evolution equation is used to determine static equilibrium configurations for droplets on such surfaces.
Molecular mechanisms for DNA methylation defects induced by ICF syndrome‐linked mutations in DNMT3B
Authors: Cho Chao‐Cheng , Fei Cheng‐Yin , Jiang Bo‐Chen , Yang Wei‐Zen , Yuan Hanna S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) plays a crucial role in DNA methylation during mammalian development. Mutations in DNMT3B are associated with human genetic diseases, particularly immunodeficiency, centromere instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome. Although ICF syndrome‐related missense mutations in the DNMT3B have been identified, their precise impact on protein structure and function remains inadequately explored. Here, we delve into the impact of four ICF syndrome‐linked mutations situated in the DNMT3B dimeric interface (H814R, D817G, V818M, and R823G), revealing that each of these mutations compromises DNA‐binding and methyltransferase activities to varying degrees. We further show that H814R, D817G, and V818M mutations severely disrupt the proper assembly of DNMT3B homodimer, whereas R823G does not. We also determined the first crystal structure of the methyltransferase domain of DNMT3B‐DNMT3L tetrameric complex hosting the R823G mutation showing that the R823G mutant displays diminished hydrogen bonding interactions around T775, K777, G823, and Q827 in the protein‐DNA interface, resulting in reduced DNA‐binding affinity and a shift in sequence preference of +1 to +3 flanking positions. Altogether, our study uncovers a wide array of fundamental defects triggered by DNMT3B mutations, including the disassembly of DNMT3B dimers, reduced DNA‐binding capacity, and alterations in flanking sequence preferences, leading to aberrant DNA hypomethylation and ICF syndrome.
Multiresolution molecular dynamics simulations reveal the interplay between conformational variability and functional interactions in membrane‐bound cytochrome P450 2B4
Authors: Han Sungho Bosco , Teuffel Jonathan , Mukherjee Goutam , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCytochrome P450 2B4 (CYP 2B4) is one of the best‐characterized CYPs and serves as a key model system for understanding the mechanisms of microsomal class II CYPs, which metabolize most known drugs. The highly flexible nature of CYP 2B4 is apparent from crystal structures that show the active site with either a wide open or a closed heme binding cavity. Here, we investigated the conformational ensemble of the full‐length CYP 2B4 in a phospholipid bilayer, using multiresolution molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Coarse‐grained MD simulations revealed two predominant orientations of CYP 2B4's globular domain with respect to the bilayer. Their refinement by atomistic resolution MD showed adaptation of the enzyme's interaction with the lipid bilayer, leading to open configurations that facilitate ligand access to the heme binding cavity. CAVER analysis of enzyme tunnels, AquaDuct analysis of water routes, and Random Acceleration Molecular Dynamics simulations of ligand dissociation support the conformation‐dependent passage of molecules between the active site and the protein surroundings. Furthermore, simulation of the re‐entry of the inhibitor bifonazole into the open conformation of CYP 2B4 resulted in binding at a transient hydrophobic pocket within the active site cavity that may play a role in substrate binding or allosteric regulation. Together, these results show how the open conformation of CYP 2B4 facilitates the binding of substrates from and release of products to the membrane, whereas the closed conformation prolongs the residence time of substrates or inhibitors and selectively allows the passage of smaller reactants via the solvent and water channels.
Role of Glutathione in Parkinson's Disease Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols
Authors: Niu Chengu , Dong Miaoxian , Niu Yingcai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOxidative stress is recognized to have a central role in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Within the brain, neurons are particularly sensitive to oxidation due in part to their weak intrinsic antioxidant defense. Theoretically, neurons mostly depend on neighboring astrocytes to provide antioxidant protection by supplying cysteine‐containing products for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Astrocytes and neurons possess several amino acid transport systems for GSH and its precursors. Indeed, GSH is the most abundant intrinsic antioxidant in the central nervous system. The GSH depletion and/or alterations in its metabolism in the brain contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Noteworthy, polyphenols possess potent antioxidant activity and can augment the GSH redox system. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that polyphenols exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in PD. Epidemiological studies have found an association between the consumption of dietary polyphenols and a lower PD risk. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the biosynthesis and metabolism of GSH in the brain, with an emphasis on their contribution and therapeutic potential in PD. In particular, we focus on polyphenols that can increase brain GSH levels against PD. Furthermore, some current challenges and future perspectives for polyphenol‐based therapies are also discussed.
Nonlinear scenario‐based model predictive control for quadrotors with bidirectional thrust
Authors: Wehbeh Jad , Sharf Inna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe control of quadrotor vehicles under state and parameter uncertainty is a well studied problem that is vitally important to the deployment of these systems under real world conditions. In this article, we propose a linearization‐based extension to nonlinear systems of the existing scenario model predictive control (MPC) framework, which quantifies the impact of uncertainty on the vehicle dynamics through repeated sampling of the uncertainty space. Given the computational costs of such an approach, we also propose two simplifications of the scenario MPC algorithm that are significantly more tractable. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, the specific problem of the control of a bidirectionally actuated quadrotor vehicle is considered. Simulations are carried out for each scenario MPC scheme as well as for a reference deterministic MPC scheme. When a sufficiently large sample count is considered, each of the scenario MPC algorithms achieves safer performance than the deterministic formulation without sacrificing any optimality. Additionally, the approximate solution techniques conclusively outperform the original nonlinear scenario MPC formulation for the same computational cost.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor with ZIF‐67@MXene as an Efficient Co‐Reaction Accelerator and Plasmonic Nanozyme as a Smart Signal Amplification Probe
Authors: Wang Jing , Hong Ran , Yang Zhen , Meng Xingxing , Wu Rui , Liu Zhiguo , Li Chuanping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploring novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) co‐reaction accelerators to construct ultrasensitive sensing systems is a prominent focus for developing advanced ECL sensors. However, challenges still remain in finding highly efficient accelerators and understanding their promoting mechanisms. In this paper, ZIF‐67@MXene nanosheet composites, with highly conductive in‐plane structure and confined‐stable pore/channel, are designed to act as high‐efficient co‐reaction accelerators and achieve a significant enhancement in the luminol‐H2O2 based ECL system. Mechanism investigation suggests that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) can be selectively and preferentially generated on ZIF‐67@MXene due to the stable and efficient absorption of ·OH and 1O2, leading to a remarkable enhancement in the ECL efficiency of luminol (830%). Finally, by designing a plasmonic NH2‐MIL‐88@Pd nanozyme, an “on‐off” switch immunosensor is constructed for the detection of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Based on the multiple signal amplification effect, the linear detection range for PSA is expanded by three orders of magnitude. The detection limit is also improved from 1.44 × 10−11 to 9.1 × 10−13 g mL−1. This work proposes an effective method for the preparation of highly efficient co‐reaction accelerators and provides a new strategy for the sensitive detection of cancer markers.
Functional characterization of protein SUMOylation in the miRNA transcription regulation during heat stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xia Simin , Chen Yue , Lai Jianbin , Zhang Zhonghui , Yang Chengwei , Han Danlu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role as non‐coding‐RNA‐type epigenetic regulators in response to high‐temperature stress in plants. There are crucial roles for global transcriptional regulation under SUMO (small ubiquitin‐related MOdifier) stress response (SSR). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its downstream regulation remain unclear. In this study, SUMO‐specific chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis detected specific binding in the promoter region of miRNAs under high‐temperature stress. A correlation analysis between this binding and miRNA profiling revealed that the location of SUMO on the chromosome was correlated with the expression pattern of miRNAs, particularly miR398a and miR824a. In contrast, knockout mutants of the SSR‐dependent SUMO E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ 1 in Arabidopsis exhibited opposing trends in target gene expression for the SUMO‐related miRNAs compared to the wild type. Multi‐omics correlation analyses identified 34 SUMO‐candidate proteins that might be involved in the regulation of miRNA response to high‐temperature stress. Therefore, we propose a potential model whereby high‐temperature exposure induces nuclear entry of SUMO molecules, modifying specific transcription factors that bind to miRNA gene promoters and potentially regulate miRNA expression.
Tree-level R4 correction from O(d, d): NS-NS five-point terms
Authors: Wulff Linus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The tree-level string effective action reduced from D to D − d dimensions possesses a continuous O(d, d) symmetry, closely related to T-duality. A necessary condition for a higher derivative correction to preserve this symmetry is that certain O(d, d) violating terms which appear in the dimensional reduction have to cancel out. We use this idea to complete the quartic Riemann correction with all terms involving five NS-NS sector fields. The resulting Lagrangian is considerably simpler than expressions that have previously appeared in the literature.