bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Buildings and Small Budgets
Authors: Hutson Scott R. , Kidder Barry , Lamb Céline , Vallejo-Cáliz Daniel , Welch Jacob 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the success of lidar in making ancient features visible in certain tropical environments, researchers often have difficulty using lidar to identify small, low, non-linear features. This study juxtaposes lidar data with data gathered from pedestrian survey along the Ucí-Cansahcab causeway, located in the Northern Maya lowlands, to assess the degree to which the invisibility of small buildings in lidar imagery affects demographic research. The juxtaposition shows that demographic research with lidar can move forward in some cases once pedestrian survey has been used as a baseline to establish correction factors for using lidar data on their own. Another current barrier to the use of lidar is cost. This paper provides examples of the kinds of questions that can be addressed by projects with smaller budgets and, therefore, smaller amounts of lidar coverage. These questions include site size comparisons and the degree to which settlement clustered around ancient features such as the Ucí-Cansahcab causeway.
Mapping the Tres Zapotes Polity
Authors: Loughlin Michael L. , Pool Christopher A. , Fernandez-Diaz Juan C. , Shrestha Ramesh L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeasonal wetlands and exuberant crop growth present challenges to systematic archaeological survey in alluvial settings, particularly in the tropical lowlands. Lidar can reduce the time and cost required to survey such areas by allowing targeting of elevated features not buried under recent alluvium, but demographic interpretation requires estimating post-abandonment alluvial depths. The broad alluvial plain between the Papaloapan delta and the Tuxtla Mountains in southern Veracruz, Mexico, offers a valuable case study, featuring seasonally inundated marshes, lakes, and vast fields of sugar cane, a crop infamously obstructive to lidar mapping. Undertaken to reconstruct demographic and organizational change in the Tres Zapotes polity, this study evaluates the benefits and limitations of lidar for archaeological survey in tropical alluvial settings based on overlap between lidar and systematic pedestrian survey and estimates of alluvial depth obtained by auger testing and underscores the importance of timing for lidar mapping in sugar cane.
Boots on the Ground at Yaxnohcah
Authors: Reese-Taylor Kathryn , Hernández Armando Anaya , Esquivel F. C. Atasta Flores , Monteleone Kelly , Uriarte Alejandro , Carr Christopher , Acuña Helga Geovannini , Fernandez-Diaz Juan Carlos , Peuramaki-Brown Meaghan , Dunning Nicholas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study proposes a sampling method for ground-truthing LiDAR-derived data that will allow researchers to verify or predict the accuracy of results over a large area. Our case study is focused on a 24 km2area centered on the site of Yaxnohcah in the Yucatan Peninsula. This area is characterized by a variety of dense tropical rainforest and wetland vegetation zones with limited road and trail access. Twenty-one 100 x 100 m blocks were selected for study, which included examples of several different vegetation zones. A pedestrian survey of transects through the blocks was conducted, recording two types of errors. Type 1 errors consist of cultural features that are identified in the field, but are not seen in the digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM). Type 2 errors consist of features that appear to be cultural when viewed on the DEM or DSM, but are caused by different vegetative features. Concurrently, we conducted an extensive vegetation survey of each block, identifying major species present and heights of stories. The results demonstrate that the lidar survey data are extremely reliable and a sample can be used to assess data accuracy, fidelity, and confidence over a larger area.
Vegetable Fibers
Authors: Aranguren M. I. , Marcovich N. E. , Reboredo M. M. 
Published: August 2016

Plant‐derived vegetable fibers are classified according to their source in plants as bast, leaf, and seed‐hair. The fibers in bast and leaf plants are integrated to the plant structure, providing strength and support. The main chemical component of vegetable fibers is cellulose, with varying amounts of lignin and hemicelluloses also usually present; thus these fibers are also referred to as cellulosic or lignocellulosic. The fibers are grown throughout the world. The principal bast fibers are flax, jute, and hemp, which are utilized primarily for fabrics (linen‐flax, hessian‐jute), bags, ropes, in newer biobased composites, and as a source of papermaking fibers. The primary leaf fibers are abaca and sisal, which have uses similar to bast fibers, except fabrics are not produced from the leaf fibers. Cotton, coir, and kapok are the main seed‐hair fibers, with cotton by far the most important commercial vegetable fiber. Bast fibers are obtained from the plant, after harvest, by retting. The leaf fibers are obtained by crushing and scraping, followed by washing. Vegetable fibers are generally graded according to color, luster, cleanliness, strength, fineness, and uniformity.In this article, general aspects on plant fiber structure, processing techniques, and fiber classification are introduced, together with some examples of the most utilized fibers. Fibers characteristics, their commercial applications, and recent developments in the use of these fibers are also discussed.
Characteristics on fault coupling along the Solomon megathrust based on GPS observations from 2011 to 2014
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ting , Ku Chin‐Shang , Chen Yue‐Gau , Wang Yu , Lin Yu‐Nung Nina , Chuang Ray Y. , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Taylor Frederick W. , Huang Bor‐Shouh , Tung Hsin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Solomon megathrust along the western Solomon arc generated two megathrust earthquakes in the past decade (Mw 8.1 in 2007 and Mw 7.1 in 2010). To investigate the interseismic deformation and inferred coupling on the megathrust, we deployed the first continuous GPS network in the Western Solomon Islands. Our 2011–2014 GPS data and the back slip inversion model show coupling ratio as high as 73% along the southeastern 2007 rupture segment but only 10% on average along the segment of 2010 event. Based on the spatial distribution of coseismic slip, aftershock clusters, derived coupling pattern, and paleogeodetic records, we discovered the former as a semipermanent asperity and the latter as a potential megathrust barrier. We propose that a characteristic earthquake of magnitude not less than Mw 8 will recur in an interval of 100 or more years by either single or doublet earthquake.
Modern precipitation δ18O and trajectory analysis over the Himalaya‐Tibet Orogen from ECHAM5‐wiso simulations
Authors: Li Jingmin , Ehlers Todd A. , Mutz Sebastian G. , Steger Christian , Paeth Heiko , Werner Martin , Poulsen Christopher J. , Feng Ran 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVariations in oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) measured from modern precipitation and geologic archives provide a promising tool for understanding modern and past climate dynamics and tracking elevation changes over geologic time. In areas of extreme topography, such as the Tibetan Plateau, the interpretation of δ18O has proven challenging. This study investigates the climate controls on temporal (daily and 6 h intervals) and spatial variations in present‐day precipitation δ18O (δ18Op) across the Tibetan Plateau using a 30 year record produced from the European Centre/Hamburg ECHAM5‐wiso global atmospheric general circulation model (GCM). Results indicate spatial and temporal agreement between model‐predicted δ18Op and observations. Large daily δ18Op variations of −25 to +5‰ occur over the Tibetan Plateau throughout the 30 simulation years, along with interannual δ18Op variations of ~2‰. Analysis of extreme daily δ18Op indicates that extreme low values coincide with extreme highs in precipitation amount. During the summer, monsoon vapor transport from the north and southwest of the plateau generally corresponds with high δ18Op, whereas vapor transport from the Indian Ocean corresponds with average to low δ18Op. Thus, vapor source variations are one important cause of the spatial‐temporal differences in δ18Op. Comparison of GCM and Rayleigh Distillation Model (RDM)‐predicted δ18Op indicates a modest agreement for the Himalaya region (averaged over 86°–94°E), confirming application of the simpler RDM approach for estimating δ18Op lapse rates across Himalaya.
Aerosol effects on the anvil characteristics of mesoscale convective systems
Authors: Saleeby S. M. , van den Heever S. C. , Marinescu P. J. , Kreidenweis S. M. , DeMott P. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSimulations of two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that occurred during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment were performed to examine the impact of aerosol number concentration on the vertical distributions of liquid and ice condensate and the macrophysical, microphysical, and radiative properties of the cirrus‐anvil cloud shield. Analyses indicate that for an increase in aerosol concentration from a clean continental to a highly polluted state, there was an increase in the rime collection rate of cloud water, which led to less lofted cloud water. Aerosol‐induced trends in the cloud mixing ratio profiles were, however, nonmonotonic in the mixed phase region, such that a moderate increase in aerosol concentration produced the greatest reduction in cloud water. Generally, less lofted cloud water led to less anvil ice mixing ratio but more numerous, small ice crystals within the anvil. In spite of reduced anvil ice mixing ratio, the anvil clouds exhibited greater areal coverage, increased albedo, reduced cloud top cooling, and reduced net radiative flux, which led to an aerosol‐induced warming (reduced cooling) effect in these squall lines.
Interplay of brain structure and function in neonatal congenital heart disease
Authors: Birca Ala , Vakorin Vasily A. , Porayette Prashob , Madathil Sujana , Chau Vann , Seed Mike , Doesburg Sam M. , Blaser Susan , Nita Dragos A. , Sharma Rohit , Duerden Emma G. , Hickey Edward J. , Miller Steven P. , Hahn Cecil D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether structural and microstructural brain abnormalities in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) correlate with neuronal network dysfunction measured by analysis of EEG connectivity.MethodsWe studied a prospective cohort of 20 neonates with CHD who underwent continuous EEG monitoring before surgery to assess functional brain maturation and network connectivity, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the presence of brain injury and structural brain development, and diffusion tensor MRI to assess brain microstructural development.ResultsNeonates with MRI brain injury and delayed structural and microstructural brain development demonstrated significantly stronger high‐frequency (beta and gamma frequency band) connectivity. Furthermore, neonates with delayed microstructural brain development demonstrated significantly weaker low‐frequency (delta, theta, alpha frequency band) connectivity. Neonates with brain injury also displayed delayed functional maturation of EEG background activity, characterized by greater background discontinuity.InterpretationThese data provide new evidence that early structural and microstructural developmental brain abnormalities can have immediate functional consequences that manifest as characteristic alterations of neuronal network connectivity. Such early perturbations of developing neuronal networks, if sustained, may be responsible for the persistent neurocognitive impairment prevalent in adolescent survivors of CHD. These foundational insights into the complex interplay between evolving brain structure and function may have relevance for a wide spectrum of neurological disorders manifesting early developmental brain injury.
Interaction with virtual crowd in Immersive and semi‐Immersive Virtual Reality systems
Authors: Kyriakou Marios , Pan Xueni , Chrysanthou Yiorgos 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study examines attributes of virtual human behavior that may increase the plausibility of a simulated crowd and affect the user's experience in Virtual Reality. Purpose‐developed experiments in both Immersive and semi‐Immersive Virtual Reality systems queried the impact of collision and basic interaction between real‐users and the virtual crowd and their effect on the apparent realism and ease of navigation within Virtual Reality (VR). Participants' behavior and subjective measurements indicated that facilitating collision avoidance between the user and the virtual crowd makes the virtual characters, the environment, and the whole Virtual Reality system appear more realistic and lifelike. Adding basic social interaction, such as verbal salutations, gaze, and other gestures by the virtual characters towards the user, further contributes to this effect, with the participants reporting a stronger sense of presence. On the other hand, enabling collision avoidance on its own produces a reduced feeling of comfort and ease of navigation in VR. Objective measurements showed another interesting finding that collision avoidance may reduce the user's performance regarding their primary goal (navigating in VR following someone) and that this performance is further reduced when both collision avoidance and social interaction are facilitated.
1D Model for Coupled Simulation of Steam Cracker Convection Section with Improved Evaporation Model
Authors: Verhees Pieter , Amghizar Ismaël , Goemare Jühl , Akhras Abdul Rahman , Marin Guy B. , Van Geem Kevin M. , Heynderickx Geraldine J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe radiation and convection section of a steam cracker are thermally coupled. Optimization and design requires a coupled simulation of both sections. In this work a 1D model for the convection section, CONVEC‐1D, is developed. Several models for the different heat transfer phenomena are implemented and evaluated. For flow boiling, an empirical and a mechanistic model are developed and compared for both single‐ and multicomponent hydrocarbon feeds. The latter is performing best over a wide range of operating conditions, taking into account the different two‐phase flow regimes. The coupled iterative procedure is demonstrated for ann‐pentane steam cracker convection section.
Phase Ib study of duligotuzumab (MEHD7945A) plus cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil or carboplatin/paclitaxel for first‐line treatment of recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Jimeno Antonio , Machiels Jean‐Pascal , Wirth Lori , Specenier Pol , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Mardjuadi Feby , Wang Xiaodong , Kapp Amy V. , Royer‐Joo Stephanie , Penuel Elicia , McCall Bruce , Pirzkall Andrea , Clement Paul M. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDThis open‐label, multicenter, phase Ib study assessed the safety and preliminary activity of duligotuzumab, a dual‐action antibody that blocks ligand binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) and epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with chemotherapy, in the first‐line treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.METHODSOn day 1, duligotuzumab at a dose of 1650 mg intravenously was combined with cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 and 5‐fluorouracil at a dose of 1000 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 4 in treatment arm A, or carboplatin (area under the curve, 6 mg/mL/min) and paclitaxel (at a dose of 200 mg/m2) in treatment arm B. Up to 6 cycles (21 days/cycle) were followed by duligotuzumab maintenance until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurred.RESULTSNine patients in arm A and 15 patients in arm B received a median of 6 cycles of chemotherapy, and a median of 11 cycles (arm A) and 9 cycles (arm B) of duligotuzumab. Dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in 3 patients in arm A and 1 patient in arm B. Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐related adverse events (graded according to graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]) in ≥ 3 patients were neutropenia (5 patients), hypokalemia (4 patients), dehydration (3 patients), anemia (3 patients), and diarrhea (3 patients) in arm A, and neutropenia (8 patients), anemia (5 patients), febrile neutropenia (4 patients), leukopenia (3 patients), thrombocytopenia (3 patients), and hypomagnesemia (3 patients) in arm B. The chemotherapy dose was reduced in 19 of 24 patients. Sixteen patients (67%) demonstrated objective responses regardless of human papillomavirus status or neuregulin 1 (NRG1) mRNA expression (arm A: 2 confirmed complete responses and 4 confirmed partial responses; arm B: 2 confirmed complete responses and 8 confirmed partial responses).CONCLUSIONSDuligotuzumab in combination with cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil or carboplatin/paclitaxel demonstrated encouraging activity in patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck; an association with increased frequency and severity of select adverse events relative to historical data was suggestive of the potentiation of chemotherapy‐related adverse events. Cancer 2016;122:3803–3811. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Breast carcinoma with an Oncotype Dx recurrence score <18: Rate of distant metastases in a large series with clinical follow‐up
Authors: Wen Hannah Y. , Krystel‐Whittemore Melissa , Patil Sujata , Pareja Fresia , Bowser Zenica L. , Dickler Maura N. , Norton Larry , Morrow Monica , Hudis Clifford A. , Brogi Edi 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDA 21‐gene expression assay (Oncotype DX recurrence score [RS]) that uses reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction is used clinically in patients with early‐stage, estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative breast carcinoma (ER+/HER2‐ BC) to determine both prognosis with tamoxifen therapy and the usefulness of adding adjuvant chemotherapy. Use of the assay is associated with reductions in overall chemotherapy use. The current study examined the treatments and outcomes in patients with low RS.METHODSThe authors reviewed the institutional database to identify patients with lymph node‐negative, ER+/HER2‐ BC who were treated at the study institution between September 2008 and August 2013 and their 21‐gene RS results.RESULTSA total of 1406 consecutive patients with lymph node‐negative ER+/HER2‐ BC and a low RS were identified (510 patients had an RS of 0‐10 and 896 patients had an RS of 11‐17). The median age at the time of diagnosis of BC was 56 years; 63 patients (4%) were aged <40 years. Overall, 1361 patients (97%) received endocrine therapy and 170 patients (12%) received chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 46 months. Six patients (0.4%) developed distant metastases (1 patient with an RS of 5 and 5 patients with an RS of 11‐17). In the cohorts of patients with an RS of 11 to 17, the absolute rate of distant metastasis among patients aged <40 years was 7.1% (3 of 42 patients) versus 0.2% among patients aged ≥40 years (2 of 854 patients).CONCLUSIONSThe data from the current study document a 0.4% rate of distant metastasis within 5 years of BC diagnosis among patients with lymph node‐negative ER+/HER2‐ BC with an RS <18. Patients aged <40 years at the time of BC diagnosis were observed to have a higher rate of distant metastases. Analysis of data from other studies is necessary to validate this observation further. Cancer 2017;131–137. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Do fish go with the flow? The effects of periodic and episodic flow pulses on 0+ fish biomass in a constrained lowland river
Authors: Walton S. E. , Nunn A. D. , Probst W. N. , Bolland J. D. , Acreman M. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe hydrological regime is a significant driver of fish population dynamics in rivers, but there is a dearth of information regarding the mechanisms behind its effects on temperate species, especially non‐salmonids. This study investigated the effects of periodic and episodic flow pulses on 0+ fish biomass in a constrained lowland river. De‐seasonalized cross‐correlation analysis was used to examine time‐lagged correlations in episodic signals, in isolation of seasonal periodicity, to identify the responses and response timings of 0+ fish production to abiotic variables, and whether apparent “pulse‐depletions” in biomass occur instantaneously (e.g., due to fish displacement during high pulses) or after a time lag. As anticipated, 0+ fish biomass was highest during periods of low discharge and high temperatures in summer, but cross‐correlation analysis revealed a negative impact of high pulses on 0+ fish biomass with a lag of 7 months. There was no evidence for an instantaneous pulse‐depletion effect of discharge on 0+ fish biomass, suggesting that the indirect effects of high pulses, such as habitat or food‐web modifications, are more influential.
A mixed‐interpolation finite element method for incompressible thermal flows of electrically conducting fluids
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA new mixed‐interpolation finite element method is presented for the two‐dimensional numerical simulation of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows which involve convective heat transfer. The proposed method applies the nodal shape functions, which are locally defined in nine‐node elements, for the discretization of the Navier–Stokes and energy equations, and the vector shape functions, which are locally defined in four‐node elements, for the discretization of the electromagnetic field equations. The use of the vector shape functions allows the solenoidal condition on the magnetic field to be automatically satisfied in each four‐node element. In addition, efficient approximation procedures for the calculation of the integrals in the discretized equations are adopted to achieve high‐speed computation. With the use of the proposed numerical scheme, MHD channel flow and MHD natural convection under a constant applied magnetic field are simulated at different Hartmann numbers. The accuracy and robustness of the method are verified through these numerical tests in which both undistorted and distorted meshes are employed for comparison of numerical solutions. Furthermore, it is shown that the calculation speed for the proposed scheme is much higher compared with that for a conventional numerical integration scheme under the condition of almost the same memory consumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and construction of the mined Kısıklı Station on the Üsküdar‐Çekmeköy Metro Line Project
Authors: Özcan Barış , Duman Emre , Türkoǧlu Aykut , Kayalı Sanem , Saenz Ignacio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Üsküdar‐Çekmeköy Metro Line (UCM), which is located on the Asian side of Istanbul, is an 18 km underground metro line with 27 km of TBM tunnel, 13 km of NATM tunnel and 16 stations. Apart from being a completely tunnelled station, it has several other features. It is the deepest station in this metro line with the platform depth 45 m below surface level. The station is being built in a complex geology that contains several passive fault zones. The ticket hall and technical rooms are also located in an NATM tunnel with an excavated width of 20 m. Most of the passenger circulation is planned to be carried out by elevators.The station has been designed with two levels of NATM tunnels with four main elliptical shafts. The geology varies from very strong quartz arenite with a compressive strength of 77 MPa to highly weathered fault zones containing andesite. The complex geometry and geology of the station dictated utmost care for excavation and final lining design of the NATM sections in order to provide stability during excavation and sufficient structural capacity in case of a seismic event.