bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New 4‘‐Functionalized Bis‐Terpyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Anti‐Inflammatory Activity Advances
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Abou‐El‐Sherbini Khaled S. , Samir Safia , Sharmoukh Walid , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed S. , Shaker Yasser M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRuthenium complexes incorporating 2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine ligands have emerged as promising candidates due to their versatile biological activities including DNA‐binding, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, three new 4′‐functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes were synthesized. These complexes feature one ligand as 4‐(2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine‐4′‐yl) benzoic acid and the second ligand as either 4′‐(2‐thienyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine, 4′‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine, or 4′‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine. Besides the chemical characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy, the complexes were tested for their biological activity as anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the toxicity of the Ru(II) complexes was assessed and benchmarked against diclofenac potassium and ibuprofen using a haemolysis assay. Biological evaluations demonstrate that these ruthenium complexes exhibit promising therapeutic potential with reduced haemolytic activity compared to standard drugs. They demonstrate substantial anti‐inflammatory effects through inhibition of albumin denaturation along with moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the multifaceted biomedical applications of 4′‐functionalized bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) complexes, suggesting their potential for further development as effective and safe therapeutic agents.
A Neuropeptide Signaling Network That Regulates Developmental Timing and Systemic Growth in Drosophila
Authors: Ohhara Yuya , Blick Mikkal , Park Donghyun , Yoon Sung‐Eun , Kim Young‐Joon , Pankratz Michael J. , O'Connor Michael B. , Yamanaka Naoki 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnimals sense chemical cues such as nutritious and noxious stimuli through the chemosensory system and adapt their behavior, physiology, and developmental schedule to the environment. In the Drosophila central nervous system, chemosensory interneurons that produce neuropeptides called Hugin (Hug) peptides receive signals from gustatory receptor neurons and regulate feeding behavior. Because Hug neurons project their axons to the higher brain region within the protocerebrum where dendrites of multiple neurons producing developmentally important neuropeptides are extended, it has been postulated that Hug neurons regulate development through the neuroendocrine system. In this study, we show that Hug neurons interact with a subset of protocerebrum neurons that produce prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and regulate the onset of metamorphosis and systemic growth. Loss of the hug gene and silencing of Hug neurons caused a delay in larval‐to‐prepupal transition and an increase in final body size. Furthermore, deletion of Hug receptor‐encoding genes also caused developmental delay and body size increase, and the phenotype was restored by expressing Hug receptors in PTTH‐producing neurons. These results indicate that Hug neurons regulate developmental timing and body size via PTTH‐producing neurons. This study provides a basis for understanding how chemosensation is converted into neuroendocrine signaling to control insect growth and development.
A Multi‐Constrained Green Routing Protocol for IoT‐Based Software‐Defined WSN
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Beniwal Rohit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent times, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) network devices due to their vast applications. However, this rapid growth has undoubtedly led to raised energy consumption, which, in turn, has raised significant concerns about the environment. Consequently, there is a growing demand for green computing techniques that can mitigate IoT device's energy usage and carbon footprint. Clustering IoT networks is a useful strategy for extending their lifespan. However, clustering presents a complex optimization problem that falls under the category of NP‐hard; hence making it a challenging issue. Nevertheless, using meta‐heuristics algorithms has greatly improved our ability to tackle such challenges. Therefore, this study introduces a clustering scheme called EQ‐AHA, which combines Equilibrium optimization and artificial hummingbird optimization techniques to enhance the efficiency of IoT‐based Software‐Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (IoT‐SDWSN). The primary goal of EQ‐AHA is to select the Cluster Heads (CHs) and determine the optimal path between CHs and the Base Station (BS). EQ‐AHA employs a fitness function that considers three important factors: the distance between CHs, the distance between nodes and the CHs, and the energy levels of the nodes. Overall, this strategy improves the network's performance by 31.6% compared to other State‐of‐the‐Art (SoA) algorithms.
Modalities of Mediation: Reflections on a Dispute System Design Project During the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Juliano Jane , Mamo Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis Practice Insight presents a reflective analysis of a collaborative project launched in early 2020, initially aimed at comparing in‐person, video, and telephone mediation modalities. That project shifted its focus to the implementation of remote mediation through videoconferencing during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Through firsthand experiences and observations, this essay offers a unique, dual perspective: from within a U.S. Federal agency managing an established mediation program through the pandemic, and from within an academic clinic engaged in dispute systems design. These reflections on the 2020 project and its aftermath illuminate the challenges and learnings from transitioning to remote mediation, offering insights into adapting dispute resolution mechanisms to unforeseen circumstances and how technological change can spur new insights into general practices of mediation. This work not only contributes to the understanding of mediation modalities today but also underscores the importance of flexibility and innovation in dispute system design during crises.
Nitrogen leaching and groundwater recharge of alternative lawn conversions in subtropical climates
Authors: Boeri P. Agustin , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Blount Ann R. S. , Schiavon Marco , Reisinger Alexander J. , Iannone Basil V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate change, recurrent droughts, and increasing urban water demands have limited water availability in urban landscapes. Water quantity challenges have led to irrigation restrictions and turfgrass removal programs. An experiment was conducted at the University of Florida, West Florida Research and Education Center, Jay, FL, to evaluate the effect of turfgrass conversion to other landscape types on nutrient leaching and groundwater recharge. In April 2021, all surface vegetation was removed from existing turfgrass plots using a sod harvester. Thereafter, plots were planted or covered with three landscape types: a pollinator landscape with flowering forbs (Mimosa sp., Coreopsis sp., and Phyla sp.) + turfgrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides); a nitrogen (N)‐efficient lawn (Arachis glabrata + Paspalum notatum); and a low‐input landscape with unplanted woodchip mulch. Undisturbed turfgrass (E. ophiuroides) served as a control. For 2 years, leachate samples were collected weekly from previously installed 168‐L drainage lysimeters for NO3‐N and NH4‐N load determination. Temporal changes in landscape composition, groundwater recharge, water use, and soil bulk density were also quantified. While the mulch leached 44.7 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1, this landscape still offers positive attributes, including erosion protection and water conservation. Conversely, the pollinator landscape minimized nitrogen leaching (8.3 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1) due to their relatively greater water use rates (3.56 mm day−1). The turfgrass and nitrogen‐efficient lawn returned ∼35% of the water inputs as groundwater recharge while maintaining relatively low nitrogen leaching (3.6 and 2.7 kg ha−1 NO3‐N year−1, respectively), making these landscapes efficient for protecting both water quality and quantity.
Development of Brassica carinata A. Braun resistant to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Bennett Rick , Chandra Saket 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBrassica carinata A. Braun (carinata) has become an important oil crop for biofuel production in subtropical regions. Carinata is highly sensitive to acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides, limiting its introduction into existing crop rotations. The objective of the study was to develop carinata lines resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. A susceptible carinata line was crossed with a resistant Brassica napus L. line. Lines derived from those crosses were screened at high doses of imidazolinones, which allowed identifying five lines with high levels of resistance. Doses to reduce plant growth 50% (GR50) and cause 50% injury (ID50) were four to nine times greater than susceptible lines. Resistant lines exhibited cross resistance with halosulfuron (sulfonylurea). Resistance was confirmed under field conditions with doses 2X and 4X for imazethapyr and 4X–8X for halosulfuron of their respective label doses. While susceptible lines died, resistant lines exhibited no injury or growth reductions compared with nontreated controls. Sequencing of the ALS gene indicated that all resistant lines carried a Trp574Leu amino acid substitution, a mutation responsible for resistance in other species. Crosses between resistant lines and a susceptible line demonstrated that the inheritance of the mutation corresponded with the resistance phenotype in the F2. The resistance trait behaved as a single, fully dominant allele, which makes it easier to transfer it to carinata lines with desirable agronomic traits. The resistant lines developed here provide flexibility for use in multiple crop rotations and opens the possibility to use ALS‐inhibiting herbicides for weed control within this crop's growing season.
Single‐cell transcriptional atlas of human breast cancers and model systems
Authors: Altman Julia E. , Olex Amy L. , Zboril Emily K. , Walker Carson J. , Boyd David C. , Myrick Rachel K. , Hairr Nicole S. , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Puchalapalli Madhavi , Hu Bin , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Chen X. Steven , Chen Yunshun , Perou Charles M. , Lehmann Brian D. , Visvader Jane E. , Harrell J. Chuck 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer's complex transcriptional landscape requires an improved understanding of cellular diversity to identify effective treatments. The study of genetic variations among breast cancer subtypes at single‐cell resolution has potential to deepen our insights into cancer progression.MethodsIn this study, we amalgamate single‐cell RNA sequencing data from patient tumours and matched lymph metastasis, reduction mammoplasties, breast cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), PDX‐derived organoids (PDXOs), and cell lines resulting in a diverse dataset of 117 samples with 506 719 total cells. These samples encompass hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, including isogenic model pairs. Herein, we delineated similarities and distinctions across models and patient samples and explore therapeutic drug efficacy based on subtype proportions.ResultsPDX models more closely resemble patient samples in terms of tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with TNBC cell lines. Acquired drug resistance was associated with an increase in basal‐like cell proportions within TNBC PDX tumours as defined with SCSubtype and TNBCtype cell typing predictors. All patient samples contained a mixture of subtypes; compared to primary tumours HR+ lymph node metastases had lower proportions of HER2‐Enriched cells. PDXOs exhibited differences in metabolic‐related transcripts compared to PDX tumours. Correlative analyses of cytotoxic drugs on PDX cells identified therapeutic efficacy was based on subtype proportion.ConclusionsWe present a substantial multimodel dataset, a dynamic approach to cell‐wise sample annotation, and a comprehensive interrogation of models within systems of human breast cancer. This analysis and reference will facilitate informed decision‐making in preclinical research and therapeutic development through its elucidation of model limitations, subtype‐specific insights and novel targetable pathways.Key points
Patient‐derived xenografts models more closely resemble patient samples in tumour heterogeneity and cell cycle characteristics when compared with cell lines.
3D organoid models exhibit differences in metabolic profiles compared to their in vivo counterparts.
A valuable multimodel reference dataset that can be useful in elucidating model differences and novel targetable pathways.
The effect of experiential learning on academic achievement of children aged 4–14: A rapid evidence assessment
Authors: Ranken Emily , Wyse Dominic , Manyukhina Yana , Bradbury Alice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKnowledge and its acquisition are central to the field of curriculum studies, but the ways in which empirical studies of pedagogical approaches relate to theories of knowledge acquisition are under researched. This paper reports the outcomes of a rapid evidence assessment about the impacts ofexperiential learning(EL), regarded by some as progressive pedagogy, on the school attainment of children aged 4–14. Database searches of the Education Resources Information Center, the British Education Index, the Teacher Reference Center, the Education Database and APA PsycINFO were carried out to review peer‐reviewed research studies published between 2013 and 2023. In total, 465 studies were screened for their relevance, and the Mixed methods appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of relevant studies; 44 studies were included in the final analysis. The findings of the research showed the overall positive impact of EL pedagogies on children's academic achievement. Key examples of positive impact included evidence for the beneficial effects of EL on the achievement of children with lower academic achievement; strong links between EL and science achievement; and the positive impact that EL has on domain‐general academic skills including memory and vocabulary development. Some links between EL and children's motivation, engagement, agency, and wellbeing, factors which underpin academic achievement, are also noted. The findings indicate that EL can be a highly valuable approach to enhancing children's acquisition of knowledge, skills and understanding.
Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Pleurogenoides japonicus (Digenea, Pleurogenidae): Comparison With the Members of Microphalloidea and Phylogenetic Implications
Authors: Gao Jun‐Feng , Ma Tian‐Shuai , Hou Mei‐Ru , An Qi , Liu Xue‐Wei , Zhang Xin‐Hui , Wang Jia‐Wen , Zhou Lu , Wang Xue , Bai Xue , Jiao Chen‐Long , Lan Zhuo , Qiu Hong‐Yu , Wang Chun‐Ren 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPleurogenoides japonicus (Trematoda: Microphalloidea) is an important parasite in wood frogs with high infection rates and significant ecological, economic, and societal importance. The scarcity of molecular data for these parasites severely limits population genetics and phylogenetic studies. In the present study, for the first time, we determined and described the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. japonicus as the first representative of the family Pleurogenidae. The entire mt genome of P. japonicus was circular, with 15,043 bp (GenBank accession number OR900118), containing 36 genes, comprising 12 protein‐coding genes (cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L, cytb, and atp6), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two non‐coding regions. There were 23 intergenic spacers, ranging from 2 to 162 bp, and only one 40 bp overlap between nad4L and nad4 genes in the P. japonicus mt genome. The nucleotide composition of P. japonicus mt genome exhibited a strong AT bias with a 63.75% A + T content, while the AT‐ and GC‐skews were − 0.435 and 0.407, respectively. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the P. japonicus mt genome shared the most common characteristics with Microphalloidea trematodes, and the cox1 gene was the longest and most conserved gene in Microphalloidea trematodes. The gene arrangements of Xiphidiata trematodes were of the same order based on protein‐coding genes and rRNA genes, except for tRNA. More than two gene arrangement types exist in Echinostomata and Xiphidiata, and the gene rearrangement events mainly occurred in “trnE‐trnG” and “trnG‐trnE”. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that trematodes of the family Pleurogenidae clustered more with Prosthogonimidae than Eucotylidae. The mt genome data of P. japonicus provide an accurate genetic marker for further studies of Xiphidiata trematodes.
Globally Distributed Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Invasive Cinchona pubescens on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos
Authors: Herrera Paulo , Haug Ingeborg , Suárez Juan Pablo , Jäger Heinke 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is essential for the survival and establishment of most plant species in nature. The reproductive success of invasive plant species in a particular habitat could also depend on these AM fungi. Cinchona pubescens, commonly known as quinine, is highly invasive on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, but at the same time severely endangered in its native range on mainland Ecuador due to overexploitation in the past. In this study, we aim at determining the AMF communities associated with C. pubescens at both locations to investigate whether the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz is related to its association with a particular community of AMF. For this, roots of C. pubescens trees were sampled at three sites, one site on Santa Cruz and two sites in the province of Loja, on mainland Ecuador. Communities of AM fungi were determined through the molecular cloning and sequencing of the 18S nrDNA gene and through the delimitation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), associated with the plant roots. We found 36 AMF OTUs associated with C. pubescens, most of them belonging to the genus Glomus. The highest richness of AMF OTUs was detected in samples from sites located on mainland Ecuador. The AMF communities between Santa Cruz and mainland Ecuador were significantly different, and only five OTUs were shared between both locations. Two dominant OTUs in C. pubescens from Santa Cruz were detected but no dominant OTUs from mainland Ecuador. Almost two thirds of the OTUs associated with C. pubescens had a wide global distribution. Our results suggest that the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz could have been facilitated by local generalist AMF and not by particular AMF. The observed generalist AMF from both locations could be important for conservation plans of restoring the endangered C. pubescens in the native forests on mainland Ecuador.
Convenient Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran‐Fused Spirocyclopentane‐1,2‐Diindolinone Scaffolds
Authors: Tang Ting , Han Ying , Yan Chao‐Guo , Huang Kun , Sun Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe diverse functionalized dihydrobenzofuran‐fused spirocyclopentane‐1,2‐diindolin‐one scaffolds were conveniently synthesized by base promoted domino cyclization reaction of MBH (Morita‐Baylis‐Hillmann) carbonates of isatins and 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones. The base promoted reactions of MBH maleimides of isatins and MBH formates of isatins with 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones afforded polycyclic dispiro[indoline‐3,4′‐benzofuro[2′,3′:1,5]cyclopenta[1,2‐c]pyrrole‐5′,3′′‐indolines] and dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopenta[b]benzofuran‐2′,3′′‐indolines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. More importantly, DMAP facilitated annulation reaction of MBH nitriles of isatins and 3‐(o‐hydroxybenzylidene)indolin‐2‐ones selectively resulted in dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopentane‐2′,3′′‐indolines], while Cs2CO3 promoted reaction gave dispiro[indoline‐3,1′‐cyclopenta[b]benzofuran‐2′,3′′‐indolines] in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The relative configurations of the various polycyclic compounds were clearly elucidated by determination several single crystal structures.
Change in sprint cycling torque is not associated with change in isometric force following six weeks of sprint cycling and resistance training in strength‐trained novice cyclists
Authors: Connolly Shannon , Peeling Peter , Binnie Martyn J. , Goods Paul S. R. , Timmerman Wouter P. , Haddad Toni , Abbiss Chris R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStrong relationships exist between sprint cycling torque and isometric mid‐thigh pull (IMTP) force production at one timepoint; however, the relationships between the changes in these measures following a training period are not well understood. Accordingly, this study examined the relationships in the changes of sprint cycling torque and IMTP force following six‐weeks of sprint cycling and resistance training performed by strength‐trained novice cyclists (n = 14). Cycling power, cadence, torque and IMTP force (Peak force [PF]/torque, average and peak rate of force/torque development [RFD/RTD], and RFD/RTD from 0 to 100 ms and 0–200 ms) were assessed before and after training. Training consisted of three resistance and three sprint cycling sessions per week. Training resulted in improvements in IMTP PF (13.1%) and RFD measures (23.7%–32.5%), cycling absolute (10.7%) and relative (10.5%) peak power, peak torque (11.7%) and RTD measures (27.9%–56.7%). Strong‐to‐very strong relationships were observed between cycling torque and IMTP force measures pre‐ (r = 0.57–0.84; p < 0.05) and post‐training (r = 0.63–0.87; p < 0.05), but no relationship (p > 0.05) existed between training‐induced changes in cycling torque and IMTP force. Divergent training‐induced changes in sprint cycling torque and IMTP force indicate that these measures assess distinct neuromuscular attributes. Training‐induced changes in IMTP force are not indicative of training‐induced changes in sprint cycling torque.