bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A homomeric geranyl diphosphate synthase-encoding gene from Camptotheca acuminata and its combinatorial optimization for production of geraniol in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang Lixia , Jiang Liangzhen , Li Wei , Yang Yun , Zhang Guolin , Luo Yinggang 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Geranyl diphosphate (GPP), the unique precursor for all monoterpenoids, is biosynthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate via the head-to-tail condensation reaction catalyzed by GPP synthase (GPPS). Herein a homomeric GPPS from Camptotheca acuminata, a camptothecin-producing plant, was obtained from 5′- and 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and subsequent overlap extension and convenient PCR amplifications. The truncate CaGPPS was introduced to replace ispA of pBbA5c-MevT(CO)-MBIS(CO, ispA), a de novo biosynthetic construct for farnesyl diphosphate generation, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, together with the truncate geraniol synthase-encoding gene from C. acuminata (t CaGES), to confirm CaGPPS-catalyzed reaction in vivo. A 24.0 ± 1.3 mg L−1 of geraniol was produced in the recombinant E. coli. The production of GPP was also validated by the direct UPLC-HRMSE analyses. The t CaGPPS and t CaGES genes with different copy numbers were introduced into E. coli to balance their catalytic potential for high-yield geraniol production. A 1.6-fold increase of geraniol production was obtained when four copies of t CaGPPS and one copy of t CaGES were introduced into E. coli. The following fermentation conditions optimization, including removal of organic layers and addition of new n-decane, led to a 74.6 ± 6.5 mg L−1 of geraniol production. The present study suggested that the gene copy number optimization, i.e., the ratio of tCaGPPS and tCaGES, plays an important role in geraniol production in the recombinant E. coli. The removal and addition of organic solvent are very useful for sustainable high-yield production of geraniol in the recombinant E. coli in view of that the solubility of geraniol is limited in the fermentation broth and/or n-decane.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Use of Statins Is Associated with a Reduced Incidence of Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Thomas Tom , Loke Yoon , Beales Ian L. P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Purpose
Laboratory studies have suggested that statins may have useful anti-cancer effects against Barrett’s epithelial cancer lines. A variety of effects have been reported in clinical studies.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between statin use and the development of oesophageal cancer. Multiple databases were searched for studies reporting the association of statin use and oesophageal cancer. Meta-analysis on the relationship between statin use and cancer incidence was performed.

Results
Twenty publications met eligibility criteria, yielding 22 datasets for meta-analysis. All were observational studies. Population-level studies included 372,206 cancer cases and 6,086,906 controls. Studies examining adenocarcinoma development in Barrett’s oesophagus included 1057 cancers and 17,741 controls. In patients with Barrett’s oesophagus, statin use was associated with a reduced incidence of adenocarcinoma (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.59 (95% confidence intervals 0.50–0.68)), with no heterogeneity between 11 studies. Population-based studies demonstrated more heterogeneity but showed that statin use was associated with a lower incidence of both oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 0.57 (0.43–0.76)) and all oesophageal cancers (OR 0.82 (0.7–0.88)). Information on statin type, dose, and duration was reported too infrequently for statistical analysis but individual studies showed a tendency to a dose- and duration-dependant decrease in cancer incidence.

Conclusions
Statin use is associated with a significantly lower incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This is seen in both Barrett’s cohorts and general populations. Further studies should focus on drug, dose, and duration and the interaction with other risk and preventative factors.
Fertility and Life Satisfaction in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Conzo Pierluigi , Fuochi Giulia , Mencarini Letizia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite recent strong interest in the link between fertility and subjective well-being, the focus has centered on developed countries. For poorer countries, in contrast, the relationship remains rather elusive. Using a well-established panel survey—the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS)—we investigate the empirical relationship between fertility and life satisfaction in rural Ethiopia, the largest landlocked country in Africa. Consistent with the fertility theories for developing countries and with the sociodemographic characteristics of rural Ethiopia, we hypothesize that this relationship varies by gender and across life stages, being more positive for men and for parents in old age. Indeed, our results suggest that older men benefit the most in terms of life satisfaction from having a large number of children, while the recent birth of a child is detrimental for the subjective well-being of women at reproductive ages. We address endogeneity issues by using lagged life satisfaction in ordinary least squares regressions, through fixed-effects estimation and the use of instrumental variables.
To which countries do European psychiatric trainees want to move to and why?
Authors: Pinto da Costa M. , Giurgiuca A. , Holmes K. , Biskup E. , Mogren T. , Tomori S. , Kilic O. , Banjac V. , Molina-Ruiz R. , Palumbo C. , Frydecka D. , Kaaja J. , El-Higaya E. , Kanellopoulos A. , Amit B.H. , Madissoon D. , Andreou E. , Uleviciute-Belena I. , Rakos I. , Dragasek J. , Feffer K. , Farrugia M. , Mitkovic-Voncina M. , Gargot T. , Baessler F. , Pantovic-Stefanovic M. , De Picker L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:There is a shortage of psychiatrists worldwide. Within Europe, psychiatric trainees can move between countries, which increases the problem in some countries and alleviates it in others. However, little is known about the reasons psychiatric trainees move to another country.Methods:Survey of psychiatric trainees in 33 European countries, exploring how frequently psychiatric trainees have migrated or want to migrate, their reasons to stay and leave the country, and the countries where they come from and where they move to. A 61-item self-report questionnaire was developed, covering questions about their demographics, experiences of short-term mobility (from 3 months up to 1 year), experiences of long-term migration (of more than 1 year) and their attitudes towards migration.Results:A total of 2281 psychiatric trainees in Europe participated in the survey, of which 72.0% have ‘ever’ considered to move to a different country in their future, 53.5% were considering it ‘now’, at the time of the survey, and 13.3% had already moved country. For these immigrant trainees, academic was the main reason they gave to move from their country of origin. For all trainees, the overall main reason for which they would leave was financial (34.4%), especially in those with lower (<500€) incomes (58.1%), whereas in those with higher (>2500€) incomes, personal reasons were paramount (44.5%).Conclusions:A high number of psychiatric trainees considered moving to another country, and their motivation largely reflects the substantial salary differences. These findings suggest tackling financial conditions and academic opportunities.
University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a literature review
Authors: Sedgwick J. A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo review existing literature about university students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).MethodsA framework for scoping studies and content analysis were used to source and review selected publications from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and relevant bibliographies.ResultsSeventy-four publications were reviewed and key findings were categorised under six core themes that represent the issues germane to university students with ADHD. These themes are:academic, social and psychological functioning, giftedness, new media technologies, treatment, substance misuseandthe non-medical use of prescription stimulants, andmalingering.ConclusionIn Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) young people with ADHD are unlikely to enrol into further education, and of those who do go to university, few will graduate at the same time as their non-ADHD peers. ADHD is associated with poor educational outcomes and it may be a hidden disability within institutions of higher education (e.g. universities). Surprisingly, in this topic area, there is a paucity of research in Ireland and the UK. Most studies originate from North America were research activity in the field has been ongoing since the 1990s. These studies however, tend to use relatively small samples of college (university) students recruited at a single institution. It is difficult to generalise the findings of these studies to student populations in North America, let alone in Ireland and the UK. At the very least, these North American studies provide insights into key areas of concern. This topic area straddles education and psychiatry. This means an inter-disciplinary approach is required to examine, better understand and address the impact of ADHD on the educational outcomes of university students. The philosophies ofdifference,equityandself-realisationcan offer a conceptual framework for conducting further research and/or developing services to deliver more personalised learning support for university students with ADHD.
Anxiety and depression among patients with alcohol dependence: co-morbid or substance-related problems?
Authors: Gallagher C. , Radmall Z. , O’Gara C. , Burke T. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThere are conflicting reports on the levels of anxiety and depression in individuals with alcohol problems and whether these conditions are substance-related or independent of the alcohol problem. The aim of this study was to characterise rates of co-morbid psychiatric symptoms among a group of individuals commencing treatment for alcohol dependence, and to examine the stability of these symptoms following treatment of the alcohol problem.MethodsSymptoms of anxiety and depression were examined in a group of individuals (n=93) undergoing residential treatment for alcohol dependence. Symptoms were measured at treatment entry and again at treatment completion using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory – II.ResultsHigh levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were reported at treatment entry, but on completion of treatment (28 days later) the majority of participants were no longer reporting symptoms suggestive of a possible co-morbid condition.ConclusionsThe significant change in rates of reported symptoms following completion of treatment suggests that a large proportion of symptoms reported at treatment entry were substance related. Diagnosing co-morbid conditions is best left until after a period of abstinence during which the alcohol problem has been treated. Assessing for co-morbidity at time of treatment seeking is likely to result in inappropriate co-morbid diagnoses being made and inappropriate or unnecessary treatments being prescribed for such individuals.
Formononetin, a methoxy isoflavone, enhances bone regeneration in a mouse model of cortical bone defect
Authors: Singh Krishna Bhan , Dixit Manisha , Dev Kapil , Maurya Rakesh , Singh Divya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe bone regeneration and healing effect of formononetin was evaluated in a cortical bone defect model that predominantly heals by intramembranous ossification. For this study, female Balb/c mice were ovariectomised (OVx) and a drill-hole injury was generated in the midfemoral bones of all animals. Treatment with formononetin commenced the day after and continued for 21 d. Parathyroid hormone (PTH1–34) was used as a reference standard. Animals were killed at days 10 and 21. Femur bones were collected at the injury site for histomorphometry studies using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and confocal microscopy. RNA and protein were harvested from the region surrounding the drill-hole injury. For immunohistochemistry, 5 µm sections of decalcified femur bone adjoining the drill-hole site were cut.μCT analysis showed that formononetin promoted bone healing at days 10 and 21 and the healing effect observed was significantly better than in Ovx mice and equal to PTH treatment in many aspects. Formononetin also significantly enhanced bone regeneration as assessed by calcein-labelling studies. In addition, formononetin enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers at the injury site in a manner similar to PTH. Formononetin treatment also led to predominant runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin localisation at the injury site. These results support the potential of formononetin to be a bone-healing agent and are suggestive of its promising role in the fracture-repair process.
Double burden for women in mid- and later life: evidence from time-use profiles in Cebu, the Philippines
Authors: CHEN FEINIAN , BAO LUOMAN , LIN ZHIYONG , ZIMMER ZACHARY , GULTIANO SOCORRO , BORJA JUDITH B. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTUsing data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2012), we utilise latent class analysis to develop time-use class membership to characterise the degree to which women in Cebu are subject to the double burden of work and family responsibilities in mid- and later life. Results suggest that close to a third of the sample are engaged in high-intensity work for pay (either outside or home-based), while combining it with a substantial amount of household chores and with a low level of personal time in a span of 18 years. Our latent transition analysis also shows that, with the addition of grandchildren into the household, some women experience a shift in time-use class membership by becoming high-intensity care-givers or by completely transitioning out of the work arena, while others remain double-burdened with active involvement in both work and family responsibilities.
Rapidly progressive heart failure requiring transplantation in muscular dystrophy: a need for frequent screening
Authors: Pick Justin M. , Ellis Zachary D. , Alejos Juan C. , Chang Anthony C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy weakens both skeletal and cardiac muscles, but the rate of cardiomyopathic progression can accelerate faster than that of skeletal muscles. A 14-year-old boy with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy presented with mild skeletal myopathy but severe cardiomyopathy requiring heart transplantation within 1 year of declining heart function. These patients need frequent screening regardless of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Behaviour change in overweight and obese pregnancy: a decision tree to support the development of antenatal lifestyle interventions
Authors: Ainscough Kate M , Lindsay Karen L , O’Sullivan Elizabeth J , Gibney Eileen R , McAuliffe Fionnuala M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective
Antenatal healthy lifestyle interventions are frequently implemented in overweight and obese pregnancy, yet there is inconsistent reporting of the behaviour-change methods and behavioural outcomes. This limits our understanding of how and why such interventions were successful or not.

Design
The current paper discusses the application of behaviour-change theories and techniques within complex lifestyle interventions in overweight and obese pregnancy. The authors propose a decision tree to help guide researchers through intervention design, implementation and evaluation. The implications for adopting behaviour-change theories and techniques, and using appropriate guidance when constructing and evaluating interventions in research and clinical practice are also discussed.

Conclusions
To enhance the evidence base for successful behaviour-change interventions during pregnancy, adoption of behaviour-change theories and techniques, and use of published guidelines when designing lifestyle interventions are necessary. The proposed decision tree may be a useful guide for researchers working to develop effective behaviour-change interventions in clinical settings. This guide directs researchers towards key literature sources that will be important in each stage of study development.
Topics and techniques in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training
Authors: Weck Florian , Kaufmann Yvonne M. , Witthöft Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClinical supervision is regarded as one of the most important components of psychotherapy training. In clinical practice, it has been found that the implementation of clinical supervision varies substantially and often differs from the recommendations made in the literature. The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency of topics (e.g. ethical issues) and techniques (e.g. role play) in the clinical supervision of psychotherapy trainees in Germany. To this end, we considered supervisions in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy (PT). A total of 791 psychotherapy trainees (533 CBT and 242 PT) were asked via the internet to provide information about their current supervision sessions. We found that clinical supervision in psychotherapy training addressed topics that are central for the effective treatment of supervised patients (i.e. therapeutic interventions, therapeutic alliance, maintaining factors, and therapeutic goals). However, the most frequently used intervention in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training was case discussion. Rarely were techniques used that allowed the supervisor to give the supervisee feedback based on the supervisee's demonstrated competencies. For example, 46% of the supervisors never used audiotapes or videotapes in the supervision. Differences between CBT and PT were rather small. Current practice regarding the techniques used in clinical supervision for psychotherapy trainees contradicts recommendations for active and feedback-oriented clinical supervision. Thus the potential of clinical supervision might not be fully used in clinical practice.
MicroRNA-26a inhibits the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma and directly targets on MITF gene
Authors: Qian Hui , Yang Chen , Yang Yixin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is refractory to therapy. MicroRNAs have been recently discovered as novel molecules that provide therapeutic benefits against melanoma. This work aims to examine the effects of miR-26a and let-7a on the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanomain vitroandin vivo. In addition, we elucidate the mechanism of action by identifying the target gene of miR-26a. Both miR-26a and let-7a inhibited proliferation and invasiveness and halted the cell cycle at the G1/G0phase in SKMEL-28 and WM1552C malignant melanoma cell lines. Moreover, miR-26a potently induced apoptosis and downregulated the expressions ofmicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)and MAP4K3 in both cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-26a suppresses MITF expression by binding the 3′-UTR, suggesting that MITF is abona fidetarget of miR-26a. SiRNA knockdown of theMITFgene confirmed that miR-26a reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis by regulating MITF. Using a murine model, we also found miR-26a significantly retarded the growth of melanoma tumorsin vivo. In conclusion, miR-26a and let-7a suppressed the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, suggesting that miR-26a and let-7a may represent novel therapies for malignant melanoma.
miR-200b inhibits proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer by targeting fucosyltransferase IV and α1,3-fucosylated glycans
Authors: Zheng Q , Cui X , Zhang D , Yang Y , Yan X , Liu M , Niang B , Aziz F , Liu S , Yan Q , Liu J 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAberrant protein fucosylation is associated with cancer malignancy. Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) is the key enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of α1,3-linkage fucosylated glycans carried by glycoproteins on the cell surface, such as the tumor-associated sugar antigen Lewis Y (LeY). An abnormal increase in the levels of FUT4 and LeY is observed in many cancers and correlated with cell proliferation and metastasis. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to negatively regulate gene expression. FUT4 is an oncogenic glycogene, and thus it is important to identify the specific miRNA targeting FUT4. In current study, we first identified miR-200b as a specific miRNA that inhibited FUT4 expression. We found that miR-200b level was decreased, whereas that of FUT4 was increased in tissues and serum of breast cancer compared with that in the control by real-time PCR, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The alterations of miR-200b and FUT4 level were recovered after chemotherapy. The results also showed that miR-200b suppressed FUT4 expression and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, as well as in the xenografted tumor tissues and metastatic lung tissues. miR-200b decreased the α1,3-fucosylation and LeY biosynthesis on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as well as inactivation of EGFR and downstream phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, the study highlights that FUT4 could apply as a novel target for miR-200b that suppress the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by reducing α1,3-fucosylation and LeY biosynthesis of glycoproteins. miR-200b and FUT4 are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Hydrogen embrittlement of grain boundaries in nickel: an atomistic study
Authors: Huang Shan , Chen Dengke , Song Jun , McDowell David L. , Zhu Ting 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe chemomechanical degradation of metals by hydrogen is widely observed, but not clearly understood at the atomic scale. Here we report an atomistic study of hydrogen embrittlement of grain boundaries in nickel. All the possible interstitial hydrogen sites at a given grain boundary are identified by a powerful geometrical approach of division of grain boundary via polyhedral packing units of atoms. Hydrogen segregation energies are calculated at these interstitial sites to feed into the Rice–Wang thermodynamic theory of interfacial embrittlement. The hydrogen embrittlement effects are quantitatively evaluated in terms of the reduction of work of separation for hydrogen-segregated grain boundaries. We study both the fast and slow separation limits corresponding to grain boundary fracture at fixed hydrogen concentration and fixed hydrogen chemical potential, respectively. We further analyze the influences of local electron densities on hydrogen adsorption energies, thereby gaining insights into the physical limits of hydrogen embrittlement of grain boundaries.