bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geographical diversification of Furnariides: the role of forest versus open habitats in driving species richness gradients
Authors: Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús N. , Simon Lorena Mendes , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Villalobos Fabricio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimExplaining species richness gradients in space and time requires understanding the evolutionary processes that ultimately alter the number of species. Here we examine species richness differences between primary habitats (forest versus open) for Furnariides birds, a Neotropical endemic bird clade, to test three major historical hypotheses – diversification rate, out of the tropics and tropical niche conservatism – and assess the role of evolutionary processes in driving the Furnariides species richness gradient.LocationNeotropics.MethodsWe used phylogenetic and spatial data to tests the historical hypotheses. First, we used GeoSSEand Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixture models to evaluate differential diversification and dispersal rates between habitats. Second, we quantify the root distance of each species and examined the phylogenetic structure of the richness gradient and the correlation between total species richness and the richness of early‐diverged and recently originated species.ResultsFurnariides species richness is higher in forest than in open habitats. However, we found higher speciation, extinction, and dispersal rates in open when compared to forest habitats, resulting in a higher diversification rate in open habitats and higher dispersal rate out of open habitats than into them. The phylogenetic structure of the richness gradient showed strong spatial pattern, with early diverged species richness peaking in forest habitats and driving the overall Furnariides gradient.Main conclusionsThe Furnariides species richness gradient results from the joint effect of differential rates of macroevolutionary processes. Our findings highlight dispersal and extinction as dominant forces driving richness differences between habitats, through the addition and extirpation of species from open to forest habitats. Differences in species richness between habitats support niche conservatism of forest habitat preferences of Furnariides species. We suggest that open habitats are effective evolutionary arenas and a key to the maintenance of bird diversity in forest habitats over evolutionary time.
Filaggrin gene mutations and the distribution of filaggrin in oral mucosa of patients with oral lichen planus and healthy controls
Authors: Larsen K.R. , Johansen J.D. , Reibel J. , Zachariae C. , Rosing K. , Pedersen A.M.L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology affecting the skin and oral mucosa. Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), like oral contact reactions, may resemble oral lichen planus (OLP) both clinically and histopathologically. As OLP and OLL are hyperkeratotic diseases and filaggrin is essential to keratinization, the distribution of filaggrin may be altered in these lesions.ObjectivesTo investigate whether patients with OLP/OLL have (i) altered distribution of filaggrin in the oral mucosa; (ii) a higher incidence of mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG); (iii) active dermatoses, apart from cutaneous LP, than healthy controls; and (iv) patients with OLP/OLL and a defect in the FLG have more widespread oral lesions and report more symptoms than OLP/OLL patients without a concomitant defect in the FLG.MethodsForty‐nine Caucasian patients (42 women and 7 men, mean age 61.0 ± 10.3 years), with symptomatic OLP, OLL or stomatitis, and 29 matched healthy controls underwent a clinical oral and dermatological examination, oral mucosal biopsy and filaggrin genotyping (testing for R2447X, R501X, 2282del4). Smear tests for Candida spp. were performed in all patients to exclude oral candidiasis. Immunohistochemistry were performed using poly‐ and monoclonal filaggrin antibodies.ResultsThe immunoreactivity for filaggrin was significantly more intense in the oral mucosa in the patients with OLP/OLL compared with healthy controls (P = 0.000025). No difference was noted in the incidence of defects in the FLG and active dermatoses between patients and healthy controls. No difference was noted in extension and number of symptoms reported by patients with OLP/OLL with or without a concomitant defect in the FLG.ConclusionOLP/OLL is associated with an altered distribution of filaggrin in the oral mucosa independently of defects in the FLG. Patients with OLP/OLL did not display more active dermatoses other than cutaneous LP when compared to healthy controls.
High serum alanine aminotransferase is associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma in Korean men
Authors: Moon Chang Mo , Yun Kyung Eun , Ryu Seungho , Chang Yoosoo , Park Dong Il 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimAn elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is frequently observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome, which is associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, the relationship between ALT and CRA remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether high serum ALT is associated with the risk of CRA in a metabolically healthy population.MethodsWe conducted this cross‐sectional study in 27,717 asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent a health checkup. Subjects were categorized as adenoma‐free, hyperplastic polyp, low‐risk adenoma, or high‐risk adenoma. High‐risk adenoma was defined as three or more adenomas, any adenoma ≥ 10 mm, or adenoma with high‐grade dysplasia or villous features.ResultsAmong all participants, 10.3% and 1.5% of cases were categorized as low‐risk and high‐risk adenoma, respectively. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol intake, regular exercise, aspirin and analgesics use, family history of colon cancer, education level, fatty liver, high‐sensitivity C reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, and triglyceride, an increase in ALT was positively associated with the prevalence of low‐risk and high‐risk adenoma (P for trend = 0.029 and 0.027, respectively). The highest quartile group of ALT level showed a significantly increased prevalence in low‐risk (odds ratio, 1.17) and high‐risk adenoma (odds ratio, 1.48) groups compared with the lowest quartile group. This phenomenon persisted in the subgroup analysis in men, but not in women.ConclusionsIn the asymptomatic healthy population, high serum ALT is significantly associated with the risk of CRA.
Living with persistent rheumatoid arthritis: a BARFOT study
Authors: Bala Sidona‐Valentina , Samuelson Karin , Hagell Peter , Fridlund Bengt , Forslind Kristina , Svensson Björn , Thomé Bibbi 
Published: December 2016

Aim and objectiveTo describe and understand the meaning of living with persistent rheumatoid arthritis.BackgroundA considerable number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis live with an ongoing active and symptomatic illness despite access to potent antirheumatic treatment. There is, however, a lack of knowledge about the meaning of living with this severe long‐term illness, defined as persistent rheumatoid arthritis.DesignA descriptive design based on a hermeneutic phenomenological method was used.MethodsTen adults with persistent rheumatoid arthritis and at least five years disease duration were interviewed. The interviews were analysed according to van Manen's method.ResultsLiving with persistent rheumatoid arthritis revealed four overall themes: an existence dominated by painful symptoms and treatment, radical changes and limitations in one's life, a continual struggle to cope with one's life and to master the illness, and a dependency on those who are close by and the world around. The lifeworld was affected to a varying extent and in various ways by the illness but also by the dependence on its treatment and care that was not experienced as sufficiently meeting needs in terms of security, access to and coordination of care as well as team and rehabilitation services.ConclusionsPersistent rheumatoid arthritis and its treatment entail a radical effect on the person's life and quality of life. Current ordinary rheumatology care does not seem to meet the individual needs of the person with persistent rheumatoid arthritis in an optimal way.Relevance to clinical practiceA greater knowledge about and understanding of the person who lives with persistent rheumatoid arthritis is important for facilitating the development of care and the relief of suffering. A holistic alternative to conventional clinical practice, such as person‐centred care, could be tested as an innovative model of care. Our findings might serve as material for educational and counselling purposes for healthcare professionals.
Social Anhedonia and Romantic Relationship Processes
Authors: Assaad Lily , Lemay Edward P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveSocial anhedonia is a deficiency in the capacity to experience pleasure from social interactions. This study examined the implications of social anhedonia for romantic relationship functioning, including the association of social anhedonia with sentiments toward romantic partners that are central to relationship functioning (satisfaction, commitment, regard for the partner, and care for the partner's welfare) and analogous perceptions of the partner's sentiments.MethodData were collected from 281 participants who were involved in romantic relationships.ResultsSocial anhedonia predicted less satisfaction, regard, and care, and these effects were independent of attachment insecurity and self‐esteem. In addition, social anhedonia had an indirect negative effect on commitment via attachment avoidance. Social anhedonia also predicted more negative perceptions of the partner's sentiments.ConclusionsResults suggest that social anhedonia may undermine the functioning of romantic relationships by reducing positive sentiments toward partners and security in the partner's sentiments toward the self.
Yield, Yield‐related Traits and Response of Potato Clones to Late Blight Disease, in North‐Western Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Hirut Betaw G. , Shimelis Hussein A. , Melis Rob , Fentahun Mengistu , De Jong Walter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLate blight disease of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans poses a significant threat to potato production in Ethiopia. The development of new high yielding genotypes with adequate late blight disease resistance will provide a strong component of an integrated management strategy for farmers. The objective of this study was to determine late blight resistance and yield of potato clones under field condition in north‐western Ethiopia. Twenty‐four clones (17 from the International Potato Centre B3C2 population and seven widely grown cultivars) were evaluated at three locations. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Late blight resistance and yield‐related traits were determined. Results showed that clones differ significantly for all traits across locations. The following five clones combine high to moderate resistance to late blight with high yields: 396029.250, 395017.229, 396004.263, 396034.103 and 395077.12. These clones are useful genetic resources for resistance breeding against late blight disease and for enhanced yields.
Antagonistic Yeasts for Biocontrol of the Banana Postharvest Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum musae
Authors: Zhimo V. Yeka , Dilip Darsana , Sten Jessica , Ravat Vikas Kumar , Bhutia Dawa Dolma , Panja Birendranath , Saha Jayanta 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe biocontrol potentials of Candida tropicalis YZ1, C. tropicalis YZ27 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae YZ7 against the postharvest anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum musae were investigated. Treatments with all the three biocontrol agents (1 × 108 CFU/ml) significantly reduced the natural anthracnose disease severity of harvested banana fruits stored at ambient condition. Germination and survival of C. musae spores were markedly inhibited by all the three yeast strains in in vitro tests. The niche overlap index (NOI) was used to determine the interaction between the antagonists and C. musae, and the results (high NOI values) suggest competitive exclusion of C. musae by the yeast strains. C. tropicalis YZ27 inoculated on banana wounds exhibited rapid colonization and maintenance of its population on the inoculated site. The biocontrol efficacy was also observed as a function of concentration of the antagonist applied. The fruits treated with C. tropicalis YZ27, 36 h before pathogen inoculation, showed the best results with 96.0% disease inhibition followed by those treated 24 h before with 84.0% inhibition. The above results point to competition for nutrients and space as the main mechanism of antagonistic action of C. tropicalis YZ27 against C. musae.
Marker Gene Overexpression in Flowers Treated with Resistance Inducers does not Correlate with Protection Against Flower‐Infecting Fungi in Tomato and Blueberry
Authors: Thomas‐Sharma Sara , Leebens‐Mack James H. , Scherm Harald 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFlowers can serve as infection courts for specialized and unspecialized plant pathogens, but little is known about the ability of floral tissues to undergo induced resistance (IR) responses against these pathogens. We studied the expression of IR marker genes in tomato and blueberry flowers treated with the inducers methyl jasmonate (MeJA), benzothiadiazole‐S‐methyl ester (BTH) and 2,6‐dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). In tomato, spray application of MeJA and BTH (but not INA) to entire plants (leaves, stems and flowers) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) overexpression of Pin2 (5.2‐fold) and PR‐4 (5.6‐fold) in pistil tissues, respectively. A statistically similar expression was obtained in pistils when flowers were protected from direct spray, indicating a systemic response. In blueberry, where information about IR marker genes is limited, PR‐3 and PR‐4 orthologs were first identified and characterized using in silico and wet‐laboratory techniques. In subsequent induction experiments, INA and BTH induced overexpression of PR‐4 in blueberry pistils by 3.2‐ and 1.8‐fold, respectively, when entire plants were treated. In blueberry flowers protected from spray applications, all chemicals applied to vegetative tissues led to significant overexpression of PR‐4 (MeJA: 1.4‐fold, BTH: 2.9‐fold and INA: 1.6‐fold), with BTH also inducing PR‐3 (1.7‐fold). The effect of these responses in protecting flowers was studied by inoculating treated tomato flowers with the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and blueberry flowers with the hemi‐biotroph Monilinia vaccinii‐corymbosi. In both pathosystems, no significant disease suppression associated with resistance inducer application was observed under the conditions studied. Thus, although IR marker genes were shown to be inducible in floral tissue, the magnitude of this response was insufficient to suppress pathogen ingress.
Development and Application of a Quantitative Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Du Yishuai , Liu Ying , Xiao Peng , Meng Lingjie , Liu Pengfei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA rapid, economical, specific, and sensitive quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay coupled with SYBR Green I chemistry was developed for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with the symptoms of furunculosis. The set of primers designed from the virulence array protein (vapA) gene was specific to A. salmonicida. Compared with the conventional PCR, qPCR had a lower detection limit of 5.6 copies of the positive plasmids. The standard curve, which showed the relationship between the copies of A. salmonicida and its quantification cycle (Cq) value, could be described as follows: log (copies of A. salmonicida) = −0.3213 Cq + 10.721. The quantitative detection of copies of A. salmonicida in different tissues of the moribund Atlantic salmon showed that A. salmonicida could be detected in all tissues; the spleen contained the largest number of A. salmonicida and then the kidney. These results suggest that the qPCR assay reported here is a specific, sensitive, and quantitative method for detecting A. salmonicida. It can be used for the routine tests of A. salmonicida in local aquaculture enterprise and for the research of infection routes of A. salmonicida to Atlantic salmon.
Brain size evolution in the frog Fejervarya limnocharis supports neither the cognitive buffer nor the expensive brain hypothesis
Authors: Mai C. L. , Liao J. , Zhao L. , Liu S. M. , Liao W. B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVariable environmental conditions affect brain size evolution. To explain inter‐ and intraspecific brain size variation among vertebrates, two adaptive hypotheses – the expensive brain hypothesis (EBH) and the cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH) – have been proposed. The EBF proposes that relative brain size is reduced in animals that experience longer periods of low food availability in fluctuating environments. Alternatively, the CBH states that a major advantage of a relatively large brain is to enhance cognitive abilities in fluctuating environments. We found considerable variation in brain size and the sizes of brain structures in the Asian grass frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) among populations. Inconsistent with the predictions of the EBH and the CBH, individuals living in habitats with medium variation in temperatures and length of growth seasons at middle latitude and/or altitude had a relatively large brain, suggesting that environmental habitat‐induced energetic constraints do not play an important role in shaping brain size evolution. Moreover, we also detected a significant intersexual difference in telencephalon size. Specifically, none of relative size of brain structures was correlated with variation in temperature and growth season related to environmental habitats, although latitude strongly affected the relative sizes of telencephalon and cerebellum. Our findings decline both the EBH and the CBH to explain brain size variation in the Asian grass frog. Furthermore, our results also suggest the sex‐specificity of the environmental‐induced brain size evolution in adult frogs associated with reproductive behaviors and spawning site selection.
The molecular basis of jaundice: An old symptom revisited
Authors: Gazzin Silvia , Masutti Flora , Vitek Libor , Tiribelli Claudio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIncreased serum bilirubin level is a widely used diagnostic marker for hepatic illnesses. Nevertheless, mild elevation of unconjugated serum bilirubin (such as in Gilbert syndrome) has been recently demonstrated to correlate with low risk of chronic inflammatory and/or oxidative stress‐mediated diseases. In accord, a low serum bilirubin level has emerged as an important predisposing factor or a biomarker of these pathologic conditions including cardiovascular, tumour, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. Bilirubin possesses multiple biological actions with interaction in a complex network of enzymatic and signalling pathways. The fact that the liver is the main organ controlling the bioavailability of bilirubin emphasizes the central role of this organ in human health.
Reconciling inconsistencies in precipitation–productivity relationships: implications for climate change
Authors: Knapp Alan K. , Ciais Philippe , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPrecipitation (PPT) is a primary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over much of the globe. Thus,PPT–ANPPrelationships are important both ecologically and to land–atmosphere models that couple terrestrial vegetation to the global carbon cycle. EmpiricalPPT–ANPPrelationships derived from long‐term site‐based data are almost always portrayed as linear, but recent evidence has accumulated that is inconsistent with an underlying linear relationship. We review, and then reconcile, these inconsistencies with a nonlinear model that incorporates observed asymmetries inPPT–ANPPrelationships. Although data are currently lacking for parameterization, this new model highlights research needs that, when met, will improve our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics, as well as forecasts of ecosystem responses to climate change.ContentsSummary41I.Introduction41II.The PPT–ANPP relationship: spatial vs temporal models42III.Inconsistencies with a linear temporal model43IV.Revision of the temporal PPT–ANPP model to better forecast climate change impacts44V.Conclusions45Acknowledgements46References46
New insights into genotypic thermodependency of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid barley breeding
Authors: Bernhard Timm , Friedt Wolfgang , Snowdon Rod J. , Wittkop Benjamin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system msm1 in barley is known to be thermosensitive, sometimes resulting in spontaneous fertility restoration in the absence of the corresponding restorer gene Rfm1. Here, we investigated genotypic differences concerning temperature sensitivity and the plant developmental stage at which elevated temperature induces spontaneous fertility restoration in three CMS mother lines. While one line stayed completely male sterile, a significantly higher fertility was observed in two lines after treatment from growth stage DC 41 until maturation. Microscopic analysis revealed that sterile anthers contained neither intact pollen, nor remains of aborted pollen grains, whereas pollen was visible in anthers of potentially fertile plants. We conclude that the barley CMS system affects anther and pollen development prior to meiosis. Elevated temperature during heading and flowering can lead to a spontaneous fertility restoration by reactivating pollen growth. Nevertheless, genotypic variation exists enabling the selection for stable CMS mother lines and the development of F1 hybrids with high hybridity. As spontaneous fertility restoration due to environmental effects is difficult to phenotype, further investigations will focus on the development of molecular markers for marker‐assisted selection.
Use of cone beam computed tomography in implant dentistry: current concepts, indications and limitations for clinical practice and research
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Horner Keith , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiagnostic radiology is an essential component of treatment planning in the field of implant dentistry. This narrative review will present current concepts for the use of cone beam computed tomography imaging, before and after implant placement, in daily clinical practice and research. Guidelines for the selection of three‐dimensional imaging will be discussed, and limitations will be highlighted. Current concepts of radiation dose optimization, including novel imaging modalities using low‐dose protocols, will be presented. For preoperative cross‐sectional imaging, data are still not available which demonstrate that cone beam computed tomography results in fewer intraoperative complications such as nerve damage or bleeding incidents, or that implants inserted using preoperative cone beam computed tomography data sets for planning purposes will exhibit higher survival or success rates. The use of cone beam computed tomography following the insertion of dental implants should be restricted to specific postoperative complications, such as damage of neurovascular structures or postoperative infections in relation to the maxillary sinus. Regarding peri‐implantitis, the diagnosis and severity of the disease should be evaluated primarily based on clinical parameters and on radiological findings based on periapical radiographs (two dimensional). The use of cone beam computed tomography scans in clinical research might not yield any evident beneficial effect for the patient included. As many of the cone beam computed tomography scans performed for research have no direct therapeutic consequence, dose optimization measures should be implemented by using appropriate exposure parameters and by reducing the field of view to the actual region of interest.