bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype by sequencing identifies natural selection as a driver of intraspecific divergence in Atlantic populations of the high dispersal marine invertebrate, Macoma petalum
Authors: Metivier Stacy L. , Kim Jin‐Hong , Addison Jason A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMitochondrial DNA analyses indicate that the Bay of Fundy population of the intertidal tellinid bivalve Macoma petalum is genetically divergent from coastal populations in the Gulf of Maine and Nova Scotia. To further examine the evolutionary forces driving this genetic break, we performed double digest genotype by sequencing (GBS) to survey the nuclear genome for evidence of both neutral and selective processes shaping this pattern. The resulting reads were mapped to a partial transcriptome of its sister species, M. balthica, to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein‐coding genes. Population assignment tests, principle components analyses, analysis of molecular variance, and outlier tests all support differentiation between the Bay of Fundy genotype and the genotypes of the Gulf of Maine, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Nova Scotia. Although both neutral and non‐neutral patterns of genetic subdivision were significant, genetic structure among the regions was nearly 20 times higher for loci putatively under selection, suggesting a strong role for natural selection as a driver of genetic diversity in this species. Genetic differences were the greatest between the Bay of Fundy and all other population samples, and some outlier proteins were involved in immunity‐related processes. Our results suggest that in combination with limited gene flow across the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, local adaptation is an important driver of intraspecific genetic variation in this marine species with high dispersal potential.
A geographic cline in the ability to self‐fertilize is unrelated to the pollination environment
Authors: Koski Matthew H. , Grossenbacher Dena L. , Busch Jeremiah W. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe reproductive assurance (RA) hypothesis predicts that the ability to autonomously self‐fertilize should be favored in environments where a lack of mates or pollinators limits outcross reproduction. Because such limits to outcrossing are predicted to be most severe at range edges, elevated autonomy in peripheral populations is often attributed toRA. We test this hypothesis in 24 populations spanning the range ofCampanula americana, including sampling at the range interior and three geographic range edges. We scored autonomous fruit set in a pollinator‐free environment and detected clinal variation—autonomy increased linearly from the southern to the northern edge, and from the eastern to the western edge. We then address whether the cline reflects the contemporary pollination environment. We measured population size, plant density, pollinator visitation, outcross pollen limitation andRAin natural populations over two years. Most populations were pollen limited, and those that experienced higher visitation rates by bumblebees had reduced pollen limitation. Reproductive assurance, however, was generally low across populations and was unrelated to pollen limitation or autonomy. Neither pollen limitation norRAdisplayed geographic clines. Finally, autonomy was not associated with pollinator visitation rates or mate availability. Thus, the data do not support theRAhypothesis; clinal variation in autonomy is unrelated to the current pollination environment. Therefore, geographic patterns of autonomy are likely the result of historical processes rather than contemporary natural selection forRA.
Plant diversity maintains long‐term ecosystem productivity under frequent drought by increasing short‐term variation
Authors: Wagg Cameron , O'Brien Michael J. , Vogel Anja , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Eisenhauer Nico , Schmid Bernhard , Weigelt Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIncreasing frequency of extreme climatic events can disrupt ecosystem processes and destabilize ecosystem functioning. Biodiversity may dampen these negative effects of environmental perturbations to provide greater ecosystem stability. We assessed the effects of plant diversity on the resistance, recovery and stability of experimental grassland ecosystems in response to recurring summer drought over 7 yr. Plant biomass production was reduced during the summer drought treatment compared with control plots. However, the negative effect of drought was relatively less pronounced at high than at low plant diversity, demonstrating that biodiversity increased ecosystem resistance to environmental perturbation. Furthermore, more diverse plant communities compensated for the reduced productivity during drought by increasing spring productivity compared to control plots. The drought‐induced compensatory recovery led to increased short‐term variations in productivity across growing seasons in more diverse communities that stabilized the longer‐term productivity across years. Our findings show that short‐term variation between seasons in the face of environmental perturbation can lead to longer‐term stability of annual productivity in diverse ecosystems compared to less diverse ecosystems.
Preparation of MoS2‐graphene Hybrid Nanosheets and Simultaneously Electrochemical Determination of Levodopa and Uric Acid
Authors: Yue Hong Yan , Song Shan Shan , Huang Shuo , Zhang Hong , Gao Xuan P. A. , Gao Xin , Lin Xuan Yu , Yao Long Hui , Guan En Hao , Zhang Hong Jie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMoS2 nanoflakes were prepared by exfoliating commercial MoS2 powders with the assistance of ultrasound and graphene foam was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using nickel foam as the template. MoS2‐graphene hybrid nanosheets were developed through the combination of MoS2 nanoflakes and graphene nanosheets by ultrasonic dispersion. The hybrid nanosheets were sprayed onto the ITO coated glass, which acts as an electrode for the simultaneously electrochemical determination of levodopa and uric acid. The MoS2‐graphene hybrid nanosheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the hybrid nanosheets are composed of MoS2 and graphene with a sheet‐like morphology. The sensitivity of the electrode for levodopa and uric acid is 0.36 μA μM−1 and 0.39 μA μM−1, respectively. The electrode also shows low limit of detection, good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. And it is potential for use in clinical research.
Intermediate purification of CHO‐derived recombinant human Factor IX using hydrophobic interaction membrane‐based chromatography and its comparison to a sulfated resin
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel A. , Passos Douglas F. , Ferraz Helen C. , Castilho Leda R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work investigated the use of hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography for intermediate purification of recombinant human Factor IX (rFIX) produced by CHO cells. The first purification step was based on a strong anion exchange monolith, thus forming a purification process fully based on convective media, which allow operation at high flow rates and low pressure drops, as well as modular scale‐up. Although the starting material was challenging (CHO cell culture supernatant harvested at 70% cell viability), the two‐step purification process showed promising results, with a global purification factor of 298, a global recovery of 69%, and DNA and endotoxin levels close to regulatory limits. Final host cell DNA (68.8 ng per dose of 500 IU), endotoxins (60 EU per dose of 500 IU) and activated FIX (FIXa/FIX = 2.33%) were in levels close to those recommended by regulatory authorities. HCP removal was of 99.98%, decreasing from 9 424 358 ppm in the supernatant to a final HCP value of 2071 ppm. The use of a supernatant harvested at higher viability and/or the addition of a third polishing step focusing on HCP removal could allow meeting the desired HCP range of 50–100 ppm, as well as the regulatory requirements for the other critical contaminants.
Nitrogen deposition and plant biodiversity: past, present, and future
Authors: Payne Richard J , Dise Nancy B , Field Christopher D , Dore Anthony J , Caporn Simon JM , Stevens Carly J 
Published: September 2017

Reactive nitrogen (N) deposition from intensive agricultural and industrial activity has been identified as the third greatest threat to global terrestrial biodiversity, after land‐use and climate change. While the impacts of N deposition are widely acknowledged, their magnitude is poorly quantified. We combine N deposition models, empirical response functions, and vegetation mapping to simulate the effects of N deposition on plant species richness from 1900 to 2030, using the island of Great Britain as a case study. We find that current species richness values – when averaged across five widespread habitat types – are approximately one‐third less than without N deposition. Our results suggest that currently expected reductions in emissions will achieve no more than modest increases in species richness by 2030, and that emissions cuts based on habitat‐specific “critical loads” may be an inefficient approach to managing N deposition for the protection of plant biodiversity. The effects of N deposition on biodiversity are severe and are unlikely to be quickly reversed.
Miniaturisation? Yes, please!
Authors: Piotter Volker , Eberl Christoph , Kraft Oliver 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaterial and process technology: To develop and use high‐resilience ceramic and metal microcomponents, the entire process chain from prototype to volume production needs to be optimised. To achieve this, researchers are using microforming processes – and the results mean benefits for vehicles, medical devices and more.
Short‐term language switching training tunes the neural correlates of cognitive control in bilingual language production
Authors: Kang Chunyan , Fu Yongben , Wu Junjie , Ma Fengyang , Lu Chunming , Guo Taomei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated how language switching experience would modulate the neural correlates of cognitive control involved in bilingual language production. A group of unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals undertook an 8‐day cued picture naming training during which they named pictures in either of their languages based on visually presented cues. Participants’ brain activation was scanned before and after the training in the same task. Behavioral results revealed a significant training effect such that switch costs were reduced after training. fMRI results showed that after training, activation of brain areas associated with cognitive control including the anterior cingulated cortex and the caudate was reduced. Besides, the activation reduction in the left dorsal anterior cingulated cortex positively correlated with the reduction in switch costs in response time and this training effect could be transferred to untrained stimuli. These findings suggest that neural correlates of cognitive control, especially that of the conflict monitoring process, in bilingual language production could be modulated by short‐term language switching training. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5859–5870, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving Cohesion in Our Writing: Findings From an Identity Text Workshop With Resettled Refugee Teens
Authors: Daniel Shannon M. , Eley Caitlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnalysis of data in an after‐school writing workshop wherein resettled refugee teens were reading and writing identity texts to prepare for achieving their postsecondary goals suggests that a discursive practice of the connective press was productive in helping teens develop cohesion in their writing. Although true communicative competence in an additional language includes grammatical, strategic, sociocultural, and discourse competence, language‐learning environments too often focus on grammatical competence only. Because facilitating language learners’ development of discourse competence can seem more complex than explicitly teaching grammar, this article offers possibilities for educators working with language learners who strive to enhance their reading comprehension and writing skills. The connective press, which is a prompt for someone to notice or create connections between ideas in different parts of a text, seemed productive for teens as they analyzed texts, brainstormed their writing collaboratively, and peer‐edited one another's essays.
Influence of hydrodynamic pressure on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds
Authors: Tang Xiangyu , Teng Songsong , Liu Chaoxu , Jagodzinski Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydraulic pressure has recently been introduced as an effective stimulation in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, a polymer scaffold consisting of polyurethane (PU)‐based 1, 4‐butanediisocyanate was fabricated. A self‐designed bioreactor was employed to produce perfusion and hydrodynamic pressure stimulations. The viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the rat bone mesenchymal stromal cell (rBMSC) growing in the polymer scaffold were investigated after hydrodynamic pressure stimulation. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the cell‐laden constructs were also evaluated. Our findings suggested that the perfusion rate (10 mL/min) and low hydrodynamic pressure stimulation (60 mmHg, 0.5 Hz) maintained the viability of rBMSC during 2 weeks cultivation. The cell proliferation was promoted by 60 mmHg stimulation in the first week. The synthesis of alkaline phosphates and osteocalcin was enhanced after 2 weeks stimulation. Meanwhile, the equilibrium modulus of scaffold was increased by 1.85‐fold using 60 mmHg hydrodynamic pressure stimulation. Additionally, type I and III procollagen produced by rBMSC was increased 4.92‐ and 3.02‐fold, respectively. However, no encouraging results were detected in 120 mmHg hydrodynamic pressure group. Our study suggests that the 60 mmHg hydrodynamic pressure is a promising approach to enhance the functional properties of the rBMSC‐laden PU‐based bone scaffold. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3445–3455, 2017.
The client as the expert in psychotherapy: What clinicians and researchers can learn about treatment processes and outcomes from psychotherapy clients
Authors: Swift Joshua K. , Parkin Susannah R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClients are frequently recognized as perhaps having the largest impact on the eventual success or failure of treatment; however, researchers and clinicians alike often give inadequate attention to clients’ perspectives on psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Researchers who do examine client variables in psychotherapy often conduct research about the client rather than from the client. The purpose of this article is to introduce a special issue focused on the client's perspective in psychotherapy. Specifically, the articles in this issue present case studies and quantitative and qualitative research that seek to (a) demonstrate how to tailor interventions according to the client's perspective and (b) identify common themes in clients’ perspectives about their experiences in psychotherapy.
Repeatability and sources of variation of the bacteria‐killing assay in the common snapping turtle
Authors: Beck Michelle L. , Thompson Molly , Hopkins William A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResearch on reptile ecoimmunology lags behind that on other vertebrates, despite the importance of such studies for conservation and evolution. Because the innate immune system is highly conserved across vertebrate lineages, assessments of its performance may be particularly useful in reptiles. The bacteria‐killing assay requires a single, small blood sample and quantifies an individual's ability to kill microorganisms. The assay's construct validity and interpretability make it an attractive measure of innate immunity, but it requires proper optimization and sample storage. We optimized this assay for the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) to assess the repeatability of the assay and the effects of freezing and thawing on bactericidal capacity. We determined whether age (adult female and hatchlings) or incubation temperature influenced bactericidal capacity. We found that the assay was repeatable and that freezing plasma samples for 6 weeks at −80°C did not decrease bactericidal capacity nor did a single 30‐min thaw and subsequent refreezing. However, we detected subtle interassay variation and results from one assay were 5–6% greater than those from the other two. Adult females had significantly greater bactericidal ability than hatchlings and we found no relationship between incubation temperature and bactericidal capacity. This assay is a useful tool in snapping turtles and may have applicability in other reptiles. However, species‐specific optimization is required to ensure that variation among individuals exceeds interassay variation. Consideration should be given to optimization conditions that facilitate comparisons between or within groups, particularly groups that differ considerably in bactericidal capacity.
Preparation of novel deuterated cyclosporin A standards for quantitative LC‐MS analysis
Authors: Bąchor Remigiusz , Kluczyk Alicja , Stefanowicz Piotr , Szewczuk Zbigniew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe investigation on the synthesis of α‐C deuterated analogues of cyclosporin A (CsA) in N‐methylated amino acid residues was performed. The reaction based on our previous report (Bachor et al 2014 J Mass Spectrom 49, 43–49) proceeds in the presence of bases like TBD or MTBD at pH 13.4. The obtained results suggest the possibility of introduction of 3 deuterons, 2 at the α‐C of sarcosine, and 1 at the chiral α‐C atom of 2‐N‐methyl‐(R)‐((E)‐2‐butenyl)‐4‐methyl‐L‐threonine residue. The stability of the obtained isotopologues was analyzed both under neutral or acidic conditions, and the obtained results revealed that the introduced deuterons do not undergo back exchange. In addition, the co‐elution of deuterated and non‐deuterated forms was observed, which opens the possibility of application of the synthesized isotopologues for the quantitative analysis utilizing isotope dilution strategy. The proposed strategy of the deuterated CsA analogues synthesis is rapid, cost‐efficient, and does not require derivatization reagents or further purification and may be useful in quantitative analysis of cyclosporin A and its metabolites.
Action range communication (ARC): A digital architecture for user and device interaction
Authors: Tsai Hsiung‐Kuang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe propose a new networking interface (ARC) for electronic devices. This interface will unify display, user input, and data transmission into one information broadcasting structure. The concept is based on the dependence of action on vision. Because action and vision are consecutive steps, they should be considered together as one information transmission process. We propose a model to describe this digital information transmission. In this model, a new information carrier containing both image and data is broadcasted to a receiver through the user. The user acts like a network switch that selects information to receiver. On‐screen user input and short‐range data transmission represent such transmission but in different environments. The display function is also included by incorporating the “null” data concept. The display matrix can be converted into an information broadcaster, and the panel becomes a transceiver for ARC. This reduces the cost and leads to a simpler device architecture with only networking interfaces. The information carrier is a generalization of data carrier. A general information transmission is proposed to include both ARC and data communication. We also discuss new interactions based on ARC such as cyborg input.
Rapid separation and simultaneous quantitative determination of 13 constituents in Psoraleae Fructus by a single marker using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection
Authors: Zhang Yimin , Chen Zhiyong , Xu Xiaokun , Zhou Qiang , Liu Xiaolong , Liao Liping , Zhang Zijia , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPsoraleae Fructus is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines. Coumarins, flavonoids, and meroterpenes are the main contributors to the biological activity of Psoraleae Fructus. In this study, a new method for the quality control of Psoraleae Fructus was developed, through the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker with diode array detector. Thirteen components, including psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralidin, neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, corylin, isobavachalcone, corylifol A, bavachinin, bavachalcone, and bakuchiol were rapidly separated and identified within 12 min by the newly developed method. The feasibility and reliability of this method were corroborated. The method was also compared to the external standard method and detection by corona charged aerosol detector. The results of percent difference (%) and cos (θ) have shown that there were no significant differences observed between the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker and external standard method analyses; psoralen and isopsoralen were undetectable with the corona charged aerosol detector due to their but the sensitivity for all the compounds except bakuchiol detected by corona charged aerosol detector are higher than those obtained by diode array detector. In addition, the newly method developed was applied to the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicines containing Psoraleae Fructus.
New minimal hypersurfaces in and
Authors: Hoppe Jens , Linardopoulos Georgios , Turgut O. Teoman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe find a class of minimal hypersurfaces as the zero level set of Pfaffians, resp. determinants of real dimensional antisymmetric matrices. While and are congruent to the quadratic cone resp. Hsiang's cubic invariant in , (special harmonic ‐invariant cones of degree ⩾4) seem to be new.
Environmental stress cracking of polyethylene high density (PE‐HD) induced by liquid media – Validation and verification of the full‐notch creep test (FNCT)
Authors: Schilling M. , Böhning M. , Oehler H. , Alig I. , Niebergall U. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe full‐notch creep test (FNCT) is widely used to characterize the slow crack growth (SCG) behavior of polyolefin materials in “inert” media as well as effects of environmental stress cracking (ESC) in which the medium has decisive influence on damage mechanism and time to failure. The test is of greatest importance for pipe and blow molding types of polyethylene, high density (PE‐HD). Usually the full‐notch creep test is applied as a standardized testing method (ISO 16770) using a few universal liquid media, such as solutions of Arkopal N 100. In our study, selected relevant polyethylene, high density materials are investigated also in real media – practical formulations as well as representative pure chemicals – and influences of temperature and geometry of specimen and notch are explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the investigations comprise also the environmental stress cracking behavior of polyethylene, high density in media that are sorbed to a significant extent – examples are diesel and biodiesel – based on comparison with samples previously saturated with those media. Thus, also the underlying diffusion controlled sorption process has to be assessed before. The investigations were performed using a full‐notch creep testing device with 12 individual sub‐stations, each equipped with individual electronic stress and temperature control and continuous online monitoring of the specimen elongation.