bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of hypothalamic obesity in craniopharyngioma patients: A risk factor analysis in a well‐defined cohort
Authors: van Iersel Laura , Meijneke Ruud W.H. , Schouten‐van Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. , Reneman Liesbeth , de Win Maartje M. , van Trotsenburg A.S. Paul , Bisschop Peter H. , Finken Martijn J.J. , Vandertop W. Peter , van Furth Wouter R. , van Santen Hanneke M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypothalamic obesity (HO) is a major concern in patients treated for craniopharyngioma (CP). The influence of degree of resection on development of HO, event‐free survival (EFS), and neuroendocrine sequelae is an issue of debate.ProcedureA retrospective cohort consisting of all CP patients treated between 2002 and 2012 in two university hospitals was identified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the associations between preoperative BMI, age at diagnosis, tumor volume, performed surgical resection, and presence of HO at follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐five patients (21 children and 14 adults) were included. Median follow‐up time was 35.6 months (4.1–114.7). Four patients were obese at diagnosis. HO was present in 19 (54.3%) patients at last follow‐up of whom eight were morbidly obese. Thirteen (37.1%) patients underwent partial resection (PR) and 22 (62.9%) gross total resection (GTR). GTR was related to HO (OR 9.19, 95% CI 1.43–59.01), but for morbid HO, obesity at diagnosis was the only risk factor (OR 12.92, 95% CI 1.05–158.73). EFS in patients after GTR was 86%, compared to 42% after PR (log‐rank 9.2, P = 0.003). Adjuvant radiotherapy after PR improved EFS (log‐rank 8.2, P = 0.004). Panhypopituitarism, present in 15 patients, was mainly seen after GTR.ConclusionsHO is less frequent after PR than after GTR, but PR cannot always prevent the development of morbid obesity in patients with obesity at diagnosis. PR reduces the occurrence of panhypopituitarism. When developing a treatment algorithm, all these factors should be considered.
In situ preparation of magnetite/cuprous oxide/poly(AMPS/NIPAm) for removal of methylene blue from waste water
Authors: Atta Ayman M , Al‐Hussain Sami A , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A , Ezzat Abdelrhman O , Tawfeek Ahmed M , Al‐Otabi Talal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn situ techniques have attracted great attention for the formation of nanomaterials with controlled sizes, shapes and dispersion within supramolecular hydrogels. In the present work, the doping of copper oxides onto magnetite nanoparticles into hydrogels based on sodium 2‐acylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) and N‐isopropylacrylamide NIPAm copolymers was investigated. The contents, morphology and thermal stability of magnetite, cupreous oxide and doped copper oxides onto the magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated. The optimum conditions for removal the cationic dye methylene blue (MB), such as solution pH, concentration of adsorbents, contact time and stirring time, were determined to investigate the effect of MB concentrations on the removal efficiencies of the prepared adsorbents. The recyclability of the prepared AMPS/NIPAm composites for the removal of MB was examined for up to six cycles without changes in removal effectiveness. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cancer patients' motives for psychosocial consultation—Oncology social workers' perceptions of 226 patient cases
Authors: Isaksson Joakim , Lilliehorn Sara , Salander Pär 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough oncology social workers (OSWs) have emerged as a core profession in the provision of psychosocial services, there is a lack of empirical studies that describe their daily clinical work with patients. The overall aim of this study was to explore cancer patients' motives for consulting an OSW.MethodsFrom a nationwide survey, we used data from 226 patient cases that OSWs met face to face. The OSWs were asked to describe how the case was referred to them, the patient's characteristics, and what they perceived as the patient's motives for contacting them as well as additional motives that came up during the consultations.ResultsPatients have different motives for consulting an OSW, and these motives change over the course of consultations; while feelings associated with being diagnosed with cancer were often the initial motive, questions associated with moving on in life and dealing with relationships and the overall life situation were added over time.ConclusionsThe results show that Swedish OSWs' function is multifaceted and that the initial motives among patients rarely predict the content in consultations over time. Based on the diversity of motives, it seems obvious that OSWs (at least in Sweden) need a broad education in the psychology of counselling. It also seems obvious that even if patients initially were referred by health care staff to the OSW due to psychological reactions to being ill, staff should also be attentive to the fact that relational and socio‐economic/juridical issues are of great concern for the patients.
A bench study of inhaled nitric oxide delivery during high frequency percussive ventilation
Authors: Branson Richard D. , Griebel Jeff , Rodriquez Dario 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSafe and effective delivery of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) requires the appropriate interface of ventilator and INO delivery device.MethodsWe compared INO delivery using four configurations with the Transport Sinusoidal Bronchotron® and INOmax DSIR Plus® in a lung model. Ventilator settings and lung model values were held constant. Delivered NO, NO2, and inspired oxygen (FIO2) were measured. The mean difference between set and measured NO was calculated and compared using ANOVA.ResultsPlacement of the injector module in line with the sliding venturi resulted in a ventilator failure. With both continuous flow techniques there was no appreciable NO2 generated and the mean difference between set NO and measured NO at 20 and 40 ppm was −16.5 ppm and −33.2 ppm at flows of 5 and 10 L/min. Placement of the injector module between the sliding venturi and lung model resulted in an increase of NO2 to a peak of 2.4 ppm (mean 2.3 + 0.1) and a mean difference between set and measured NO of + 11.3 ppm and +30 ppm at 20 and 40 ppm, 300 cycles per minute (cpm), and 22.1 ppm and 37.6 ppm, at 20 and 40 ppm, 600 cpm. None of the test configurations delivered INO within 30% of set concentrations. No alarms or interruption of INO delivery occurred.ConclusionThe dual gas delivery system of the Bronchotron prevents accurate delivery of INO. The combination of these two devices should be accomplished with caution and vigilance.
Respiratory viral infections in infancy and school age respiratory outcomes and healthcare costs
Authors: MacBean Victoria , Drysdale Simon B. , Yarzi Muska N. , Peacock Janet L. , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Greenough Anne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the impact of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infancy including rhinovirus (RV) and infancy respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), on school age pulmonary function and healthcare utilization in prematurely born children.Working hypothesisSchool age respiratory outcomes would be worse and healthcare utilization greater in children who had viral LRTIs in infancy.Study designProspective study.Subject selectionA cohort of prematurely born children who had symptomatic LRTIs during infancy documented, was recalled.MethodsPulmonary function was assessed at 5 to 7 years of age and health related costs of care from aged one to follow‐up determined.ResultsFifty‐one children, median gestational age 33+6 weeks, were assessed at a median (IQR) age 7.03 (6.37–7.26) years. Twenty‐one children had no LRTI, 14 RV LRTI, 10 RSV LRTI, and 6 another viral LRTI (other LRTI). Compared to the no LRTI group, the RV group had a lower FEV1 (P = 0.033) and the other LRTI group a lower FVC (P = 0.006). Non‐respiratory medication costs were higher in the RV (P = 0.018) and RSV (P = 0.013) groups. Overall respiratory healthcare costs in the RV (£153/year) and RSV (£27/year) groups did not differ significantly from the no LRTI group (£56/year); the other LRTI group (£431/year) had higher respiratory healthcare costs (P = 0.042).ConclusionsIn moderately prematurely born children, RV and RSV LRTIs in infancy were not associated with higher respiratory healthcare costs after infancy. Children who experienced LRTIs caused by other respiratory viruses (including RV) had higher respiratory healthcare costs and greater pulmonary function impairment.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A marker of lung disease severity
Authors: Berdah Laura , Taytard Jessica , Leyronnas Sophie , Clement Annick , Boelle Pierre‐Yves , Corvol Harriet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile the prevalence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased in the last decades, its pathogenicity remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. maltophilia initial infection on the progression of lung disease in CF children.MethodsThis case‐control retrospective study took place in a pediatric CF center. A total of 23 cases defined by at least one sputum culture positive for S. maltophilia, were matched for age, sex, and CFTR mutations to 23 never infected CF controls. The clinical data were collected for 2 years before and after S. maltophilia initial infection and comprised lung function analyses, rates of exacerbations and of antibiotic courses.ResultsCompared with controls, cases had lower lung function (P = 0.05), more frequent pulmonary exacerbations (P = 0.01), hospitalizations (P = 0.02), and intravenous antibiotic courses (P = 0.04) before S. maltophilia acquisition. In the year following S. maltophilia initial infection, lung function decline was similar in cases and controls but cases remained more severe, with more frequent pulmonary exacerbations (P = 0.01), hospitalizations (P = 0.02) and intravenous antibiotic courses (P = 0.02).ConclusionsS. maltophilia seems to be a marker of CF lung disease severity and international recommendations to reduce lung infection by this pathogen should rapidly emerge.
Scale matters:The scale of environmental issues in corporate collective actions
Authors: Bowen Frances E. , Bansal Pratima , Slawinski Natalie 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary:Much of the research on corporate collective action to manage common pool resources is focused on coordinated actions, such as voluntary programs, rather than collaborative actions, such as technology sharing. In this article, we examine inductively the collective actions taken by a consortium of 12 oil sands companies to address three environmental issues of different scale. We identified a set of organizing rules that determined whether the relationship among industry members would be collaborative or competitive, and found that the organizing rules for collaborative collective action were more effective for smaller scale issues (i.e., tailings ponds and water) than the larger scale issue (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions). Our findings contribute to research on the competitive dynamics of collaborating with competitors and on industry self‐regulation.Managerial Summary:Many environmental issues, such as climate change, water quality, and contaminated land, are caused by the overexploitation of commonly shared natural resources. Firms will often overuse resources because their cost of use is less than the benefit that accrues. In Alberta’s oil sands, 12 of the major oil sands operators, all competitors, have agreed to collaborate by sharing technology, which goes against the received wisdom of competition. This multiparty collaboration among competitors, while still relatively rare, is becoming increasingly commonplace. In this article, we outline the rules that allow this collaboration to flourish. Our most important finding is that the rules are shaped by the scale of the issue being managed, not the size of the collaboration.
Follow the leader (or not): The influence of peer CEOs’ characteristics on interorganizational imitation
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Misangyi Vilmos F. 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary:We argue that because charisma and narcissism represent widely held prototypes of effective and ineffective forms of leadership, respectively, the likelihood that a focal firm will imitate the practices of its peer firms is affected by these peer firms’ CEO characteristics. We theorize that peer firm CEO charisma enhances the focal firm’s imitation of peer firms’ behaviors, while peer firm CEO narcissism diminishes it. We further posit that the uncertainty of the context affects these imitation processes: industry dynamism and prior experience in a given strategic domain, respectively, strengthens and dampens focal firms’ susceptibility to these peer CEOs’ attributes. We test and find support for these ideas using a longitudinal sample of Fortune 500 firms in two distinct domains, corporate strategy and corporate social responsibility.Managerial Summary:When companies are uncertain about the costs and benefits of strategic actions this may lead them to imitate the actions of peer companies. But given the uncertainty, the challenge for executives is: which companies to emulate and which to ignore? In a sample of Fortune 500 companies, we find that the charisma or narcissism of a peer company’s CEO positively or negatively influences, respectively, the degree to which the peer company’s strategic actions are imitated. We reason that this is because these particular CEO attributes are widely believed to drive leadership effectiveness or ineffectiveness, respectively. We also find that the effects of these CEO characteristics on imitation are stronger in dynamic industry environments and weaker for companies that already have experience with the given strategy.
Performance and preparation of cation‐exchange chromatographic stationary phases without negatively charged groups for protein separation
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Fei , Zhang Lian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe synthesized a novel polymer‐based stationary phase modified by N‐methyl‐d‐glucamine. Although there is a tertiary amine group on the ligand of the special stationary phase, the performance of protein separation is cation exchange chromatography, instead of anion exchange chromatography. The similar retention behavior was also observed in ion exchange chromatography mode of two similar stationary phases and a commercial hydrophobic interaction chromatography column, which have no negatively charged groups. It could be caused by the hydrogen‐bonding interaction between chloride ions and hydroxyl groups.
A-Kinase Anchor Protein 12 Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in Adult White Matter
Authors: Maki Takakuni , Choi Yoon Kyung , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Shindo Akihiro , Liang Anna C. , Ahn Bum Ju , Mandeville Emiri T. , Kaji Seiji , Itoh Kanako , Seo Ji Hae , Gelman Irwin H. , Lok Josephine , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kim Kyu-Won , Lo Eng H. , Arai Ken 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes in cerebral white matter. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate this process remain to be fully defined, especially in adult brains. Recently, it has been suggested that signaling via A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12), a scaffolding protein that associates with intracellular molecules such as protein kinase A, may be involved in Schwann cell homeostasis and peripheral myelination. Here, we asked whether AKAP12 also regulates the mechanisms of myelination in the CNS. AKAP12 knockout mice were compared against wild-type (WT) mice in a series of neurochemical and behavioral assays. Compared with WTs, 2-months old AKAP12 knockout mice exhibited loss of myelin in white matter of the corpus callosum, along with perturbations in working memory as measured by a standard Y-maze test. Unexpectedly, very few OPCs expressed AKAP12 in the corpus callosum region. Instead, pericytes appeared to be one of the major AKAP12-expressing cells. In a cell culture model system, conditioned culture media from normal pericytes promoted in-vitro OPC maturation. However, conditioned media from AKAP12-deficient pericytes did not support the OPC function. These findings suggest that AKAP12 signaling in pericytes may be required for OPC-to-oligodendrocyte renewal to maintain the white matter homeostasis in adult brain.
Second Generation of a Fast‐track Liver Resection Programme
Authors: Schultz Nicolai A. , Larsen Peter N. , Klarskov B. , Plum L. M. , Frederiksen Hans‐Jørgen , Kehlet Henrik , Hillingsø Jens G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent developments in perioperative pathophysiology and care have documented evidence‐based, multimodal rehabilitation (fast‐track) to hasten recovery and decrease morbidity and hospital stay in several major surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect over time of a modified previously published fast‐track programme in unselected patients undergoing open or laparoscopic liver resection.MethodsA prospective study includes the first 121 consecutive patients following an updated fast‐track programme for liver resection. High‐dose methylprednisolone was given to all patients before surgery, catheters and drains were systematically removed early, and patients were mobilized and started eating and drinking from the day of surgery. An opioid‐sparing multimodal pain treatment was given for the first week. The discharge criteria were (1) pain sufficiently controlled by oral analgesics only; (2) patient comfortable with discharge; (3) no untreated complications.ResultsThe median length of stay (LOS) for all patients was 4 days, with 2 days after laparoscopic vs. 4 days for open resections. The median LOS after major hepatectomies (≥3 segments) was 5 days. The readmission rate was 6% and the 30‐day mortality zero. The LOS decreased compared to our first‐generation fast‐track programme with LOS 5 days.ConclusionsFast‐track principles for perioperative care and early discharge are safe even after major liver resection. The introduction of high‐dose steroids preoperatively might have facilitated a shorter LOS. Routine discharge on POD 1 or 2 after laparoscopic resection and on POD 4 after open liver resection has proven to be feasible.
Does Surgery Without Lugol’s Solution Pretreatment for Graves’ Disease Increase Surgical Morbidity?
Authors: Mercier Frederic , Bonal Mathieu , Fanget Florian , Maillard Laure , Laplace Nathalie , Peix Jean‐Louis , Lifante Jean‐Christophe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTotal thyroidectomy can be performed for Graves’ disease after a euthyroid state is achieved using inhibitors of thyroid hormone synthesis (thioamides). However, hypervascularization of the thyroid gland is associated with increased hemorrhage risk, in addition to complicating identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland. Saturated iodine solution (Lugol’s solution) has been recommended to reduce thyroid gland hypervascularization and intraoperative blood loss, although this approach is not used at our center based on our experience that it induces thyroid firmness and potentially hypoparathyroidism.
MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study evaluated patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease between November 2010 and November 2015. The rates of various complications at our center were compared to those from the literature (e.g., cervical hematoma, hypocalcemia, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy).ResultsThree hundred and eighty consecutive patients underwent total thyroidectomy without preoperative Lugol’s solution (311 women [81.84%] and 69 men [18.16%], mean age 43.41 years). No postoperative deaths were reported, although 30 patients (7.89%) experienced recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and 9 patients experienced permanent injuries (2.37%). Hypoparathyroidism was experienced by 87 patients (25.53%) and 14 patients experienced permanent hypoparathyroidism (3.68%). Four patients required reoperation for cervical hematoma (1.05%; 2 deep and 2 superficial hematomas).ConclusionDespite the recommendation of iodine pretreatment, few of our non‐pretreated patients experienced permanent nerve injury (2.37%) or permanent hypoparathyroidism (3.68%). These results are comparable to the outcomes from the literature. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether iodine pretreatment is necessary before surgery for Graves’ disease.
Basic modelling of tertiary creep of copper
Authors: Sui Fangfei , Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMechanisms that are associated with acceleration of the creep rate in the tertiary stage such as microstructure degradation, cavitation, necking instability and recovery have been known for a long time. Numerous empirical models for tertiary creep exist in the literature, not least to describe the development of creep damage, which is vital for understanding creep rupture. Unfortunately, these models almost invariably involve parameters that are not accurately known and have to be fitted to experimental data. Basic models that take all the relevant mechanisms into account which makes them predictive have been missing. Only recently, quantitative basic models have been developed for the recovery of the dislocation structure during tertiary creep and for the formation and growth of creep cavities. These models are employed in the present paper to compute the creep strain versus time curves for copper including tertiary creep without the use of any adjustable parameters. A satisfactory representation of observed tertiary creep has been achieved. In addition, the role of necking is analysed with both uniaxial and multiaxial methods.
Prevalence of Rotator Cuff Repairs with and without Concomitant Subacromial Decompressions Has Not Changed
Authors: Buss Daniel D. , Stern Steve H. , Tervola Ned , McCarty L. Pearce , Giveans M. Russell 
Published: January 2018

Background Recent research from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery database indicates a decreasing rate of subacromial decompression (SAD) performed with rotator cuff repair (RCR) by younger orthopedic surgeons. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of RCR with and without SAD and whether the rate of RCR with SAD decreased over time. Further, we set out to determine if there was significant variation in the rate of RCR with SAD by state. Methods Rates of RCR with and without open or arthroscopic SAD from 2010 to 2012 were determined based upon de-identified data from a national health insurance carrier. Data were normalized per 10, 000 insured patients for comparative analysis. Results Rates of RCR with concomitant SAD were higher than RCR without SAD in each year analyzed. In patients 50 years old and older, this same significant difference was also seen for each year. The rate of RCR with or without SAD did not decrease over the 3-year time period. The rate of RCR performed concomitantly with SAD was significantly higher than RCR performed without SAD in all patient age groups combined. There was wide variation in the rate of RCR with or without concurrent SAD across states. Conclusion Disproving our hypothesis, the overall rate of RCR with or without SAD did not decrease over the period from 2010 to 2012. There was wide variation in the rate of RCR by state; however, this variation was not seen in the incidence of SAD performed concomitant with the RCR.
First Trimester Diagnosis of Iniencephaly Confirmed by Postnatal Autopsy
Authors: Sharma Shreyasi , Singh Chanchal , Aggarwal Aradhana , Kant Anita , Thakur Seema , Kaul Anita 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIniencephaly (Greek: “inoin” meaning nape of neck) is an extremely rare and uniformly lethal form of neural tube defect. We report a case diagnosed in the first trimester using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound. The diagnosis was confirmed on postnatal autopsy. This case highlights the importance of diagnosing structural abnormalities in the first trimester itself.