bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Mechanistic Basis for Fine Sediment Biomonitoring: Inconsistencies among the Literature, Traits and Indices
Authors: Wilkes M. A. , Mckenzie M. , Murphy J. F. , Chadd R. P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClassification of species sensitivity for biomonitoring has been approached under two different frameworks, using either empirical data or expert opinion. Two tools for fine sediment (i.e. clogging and colmation) biomonitoring in the UK tend towards these contrasting approaches. The Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI) index was developed using expert judgement. Empirical weightings were subsequently added at genus or species (EPSI) and mixed (EPSImixed) taxonomic levels, but scores remain constrained by the original categories. In contrast, the Combined Fine Sediment Index, composed of separate taxon scores along organic matter and total fine sediment gradients, was developed using a purely empirical approach. We tested the mechanistic bases for these indices by relating taxon scores to species traits. We compared the results with those for the well‐established Whalley Hawkes Paisley Trigg index of organic pollution. After controlling for varying sample sizes, Whalley Hawkes Paisley Trigg could be better predicted by a linear combination of all available traits (mean R2 = 0.92) than any of the fine sediment indices (0.68 < mean R2 < 0.76). When only traits expected to respond to fine sediment were offered as independent variables, the goodness of fit was substantially reduced for all fine sediment indices (0.27 < mean R2 < 0.46). Our findings demonstrate the lack of integration between the literature on macroinvertebrate responses to fine sediment, the available trait data and taxon scores. Refinement of the trait database is recommended to build on the valuable work performed to date. As the UK has taken the lead in embedding fine sediment into routine biomonitoring programmes, these findings have important international implications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracting the dielectric function from high‐energy REELS measurements
Authors: Vos Maarten , Grande Pedro L. 
Published: March 2017

A method is described for extracting the dielectric function directly from a reflection electron energy loss spectrum taken at relatively high energies (2.5 to 40 keV). It makes simplifying assumptions on separation of surface and bulk losses. The approach uses a description based on partial intensities and surface excitation parameters and fits directly the reflection electron energy loss data. Several different model dielectric functions are implemented (extended Drude, Drude Lindhard, Mermin, and the Levine–Louie dielectric functions with relaxation time), and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Justification of this approach is in the end based on a comparison with the dielectric function as obtained by other means, which is generally quite good, provided that the solution obtained is restrained by sum rules to the right refractive index and electron density. The fitting program, to be used in conjunction with commercial plotting software, is provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation and analysis of Ryukyu lacquerwares decorated with wisteria vine by pyrolysis GC/MS and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio
Authors: Sung Meesook , Honda Takayuki , Lu Rong , Jung Jaekook , Miyakoshi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2017

Three lacquer trays decorated with wisteria vine (rattan) produced in the 18–19th century in Ryukyu Kingdom were analyzed by cross‐section, pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr), radioactive carbon‐14 dating, and field emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. One sample had only one red lacquer layer, and the other two samples had two layers with top red lacquer and a bottom layer of natural lacquer, respectively. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of three samples were 0.7091–0.7107, consistent with that of the Japanese mainland (<0.7110). The wood species of lacquer objects were identified as Japanese white pine, Japanese cedar, and Cunninghamia lanceolata, which grow in the Japanese islands. The carbon‐14 dating results showed that the lacquer films were about 1719–1785. In pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 3‐heptylphenol (C7) and 3‐pentadecylphenol (C15) were detected in the mass chromatograms at m/z = 108 and palmitic acid and stearic acid were detected in the mass chromatograms at m/z = 60, implying that the coating material was sap collected from Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer tree and included a drying oil. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry revealed that mainly mercury sulfide was used as red pigment in these three Ryukyu lacquerwares. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Star‐Shaped Phenanthroimidazole‐Triphenylamine‐Based Yellow Organic Emitter for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tagare Jairam , Ulla Hidayath , Kajjam Aravind Babu , Satyanarayan M.N. , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this work, new star‐shaped conjugated organic emitter, namely tris(4‐(1‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine (PIFTPA) with donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) structure, was designed and synthesized by combining three fluoren‐phenanthroimidazole arms into a triphenylamine core and characterized using 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The detailed photophysical, thermal, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties were systematically studied. The organic emitter exhibits high glass transition temperature (230 °C) and high thermal stability with decomposition temperature. Electrochemical analysis reveals that the emitter has distinct oxidation and reduction behaviours. Furthermore, theoretical calculations (DFT) were performed to get a better understanding of the electronic structure. The OLEDs using this emitter as emissive material showed good device performance (6.45 cd/A, 4.39 lm/W, and 3.01%) with yellow emission and a low turn‐on voltage (2.87 V). The results demonstrate that TPA integrated with phenthroimdazole plays an important role in the device performance.
Total Synthesis of Damirone C, Makaluvamine O, Makaluvone, Batzelline C and Batzelline D
Authors: Backenköhler Jana , Spindler Stefanie , Spiteller Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of makaluvamine O and batzelline D, pyrroloquinoline alkaloids isolated from marine sponges, are described. Key steps in the biomimetic synthesis are an intramolecular Michael addition leading to the pyrrolo[4,3,2‐de]quinoline core and the following selective halogenation at C‐6 position with NBS/NCS. Moreover, the related marine alkaloids damirone C, makaluvone and batzelline C were synthesised via this approach.
Zn(II) Chloride Promoted Benzannulation Strategy for One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 6H‐Benzo[c]chromenes
Authors: Muralidhar Baitinti , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA facile highly regioselective Zn(II) chloride promoted protocol for the synthesis of polycyclic chromene derivatives (6H‐benzo[c]chromenes) is described starting from 4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehydes (1) and terminal alkynes (2). The reaction proceeds through a formal [4+2] cycloaddition between an intermediate formed in situ between 1, Zn(II) chloride and alkyne (2) followed by a retro Diels‐Alder step. Developed method provides the desired heterocyclic compounds in high yields under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Diaryl Ketones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Triarylbismuthines and Aryl(Heteroaryl) Iodides
Authors: Dansereau Julien , Gautreau Stéphane , Gagnon Alexandre 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHighly functionalized diaryl ketones were prepared by carbonylative cross‐coupling reaction between triarylbismuthines and aryl and heteroaryl iodides. The reaction is catalyzed by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and is performed in the presence of rubidium carbonate. The procedure requires only 1 atmosphere of carbon monoxide and 0.4 equivalents of triarylbismuthine. Addition of lithium chloride provides higher yields of the desired diaryl ketones. This simple protocol shows wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The reactivity of ditolylbismuth chloride and tolylbismuth dichloride is investigated.
Differential medial temporal lobe morphometric predictors of item‐ and relational‐encoded memories in healthy individuals and in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gomar Jesus J. , Ragland J. Daniel , Uluğ Aziz M. , Sousa Amber , Huey Edward D. , Conejero‐Goldberg Concepcion , Davies Peter , Goldberg Terry E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionEpisodic memory processes are supported by different subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In contrast to a unitary model of memory recognition supported solely by the hippocampus, a current model suggests that item encoding engages perirhinal cortex, whereas relational encoding engages parahippocampal cortex and the hippocampus. However, this model has not been examined in the context of aging, neurodegeneration, and MTL morphometrics.MethodsForty‐four healthy subjects (HSs) and 18 cognitively impaired subjects (nine mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and nine Alzheimer's disease [AD] patients) were assessed with the relational and item‐specific encoding task (RISE) and underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging. The RISE assessed the differential contribution of relational and item‐specific memory. FreeSurfer was used to obtain measures of cortical thickness of MTL regions and hippocampus volume.ResultsMemory accuracies for both item and relational memory were significantly better in the HS group than in the MCI/AD group. In MCI/AD group, relational memory was disproportionately impaired. In HSs, hierarchical regressions demonstrated that memory was predicted by perirhinal thickness after item encoding, and by hippocampus volume after relational encoding (both at trend level) and significantly by parahippocampal thickness at associative recognition. The same brain morphometry profiles predicted memory accuracy in MCI/AD, although more robustly perirhinal thickness for item encoding (R2 = 0.31) and hippocampal volume and parahippocampal thickness for relational encoding (R2 = 0.31).DiscussionOur results supported a model of episodic memory in which item‐specific encoding was associated with greater perirhinal cortical thickness, while relational encoding was associated with parahippocampal thickness and hippocampus volume. We identified these relationships not only in HSs but also in individuals with MCI and AD. In the subjects with cognitive impairment, reductions in hippocampal volume and impairments in relational memory were especially prominent.
Public Health and Disasters: An Emerging Translational and Implementation Science, Not “Lessons Learned”
Authors: Koenig Kristi L. , Schultz Carl H. , Gould Runnerstrom Miryha , Ogunseitan Oladele A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDisaster Medicine is a relatively new multidisciplinary field of science with clear public health implications as it focuses on improving outcomes for populations rather than for individual patients. As with any other scientific discipline, the goal of public health and disaster research is to create new knowledge and transfer evidence-based data to improve public health. The phrase “lessons learned” has crept into the disaster lexicon but must be permanently erased as it has no place in the scientific method. The second edition of Koenig and Schultz’s Disaster Medicine: Comprehensive Principles & Practice adds to the growing knowledge base of this emerging specialty and explains why “lessons learned” should be discarded from the associated vocabulary. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:610–611)
Reduced Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi parasitic loads in humans exposed to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites in the Amazon region of Brazil
Authors: LAURENTI MÁRCIA DALASTRA , CHAVES LUIS FERNANDO , TOMOKANE THAÍSE YUMIE , ABBASI IBRAHIM , WARBURG ALON , SILVEIRA FERNANDO TOBIAS 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARY
We performed a cross-sectional survey in humans to evaluate Lutzomyia longipalpis, i.e. sand fly vector, bite exposure association with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Bujarú municipality, Northern Brazil, an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. In recruited individuals, which were stratified by sex and age, we measured L. (L.) i. chagasi parasitic loads with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), exposure to sand fly bites with an anti-saliva immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and performed immunological diagnostic tests, in order to evaluate the association between exposure to sand fly bites, and infection. The prevalence increased from 11% when using immunological diagnostic tests to 28% when using qPCR, being around that value for all age classes, but children below 5 years (40%) and people over 60 years (15%). The association between PCR-based L. (L.) i. chagasi prevalence and saliva exposure was convex, reflecting the fact that at both high and low saliva exposure the PCR-based L. (L.) i. chagasi prevalence decreases. This scenario indicates that low sand fly exposure is likely associated with low parasite transmission, while high anti-saliva prevalence, i.e. a large sand fly bite exposure could be associated with anti-Leishmania protective immune mechanisms driven by vector saliva and/or increased parasite exposure.
Before Hegel and Beyond Kant: Risto Saarinen'sRecognition and Religion
Authors: Smith Suzanne E. 
Published: March 2017

When religious tolerance appears in the literature on ecumenicism, religious pluralism, and other modes of peaceful coexistence, it is frequently juxtaposed with the words “beyond,” “more than,” and “is not enough.” To be sure, it is generally conceded in these contexts, tolerance is an improvement on intolerance, and, relatively speaking, then, a fine thing, as far it goes. For many, however, it does not go very far. “Religious tolerance,” we are told, “however virtuous, does nothing to remove our ignorance of one another.” It is thought to lack strenuousness, and hence, to be unsuited for modern moral conflicts, which tend increasingly toward the polarity characteristic of war: “Tolerance, especially of the knee-jerk variety. . . works as long as people can slink off by themselves, avoiding contact, and never facing up to what they truly believe.” No one says, “I am fighting for [fill in the blank] with all the toleration I can muster.”
Returns to research and outreach for integrated pest management of western flower thrips infesting French bean and tomato in Kenya
Authors: Mujuka E.A. , Affognon H. , Muriithi B.W. , Subramanian S. , Irungu P. , Mburu J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), is a major invasive pest that causes extensive yield losses in French bean and tomato in Kenya. Thrips management is based on the application of pesticides. In addition to increased environmental risks associated with pesticides, frequent use of these chemicals increases production costs and pesticide resistance. Furthermore, exports are restricted due to non-compliance to maximum residue levels in important consumer export markets, especially the European Union (EU). This study was conducted to estimate the potential benefits of the effectiveness of theicipe-developed strategy for control of western flower thrips before dissemination of the technology in Kenya, using the economic surplus model. We calculated the benefit–cost ratio, the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) using Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA). Assuming a maximum conservative adoption rate of 1% and a 10% discount rate for the base deterministic scenario, the NPV of the research was estimated at US$2.2 million, with an IRR of 23% and a BCR of 2.46. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at an increasing rate as adoption rates increased. However, as elasticities of supply and demand increased, the NPV, IRR and BCR increased at a decreasing rate. The findings demonstrate that farmers from developing countries can gain when they obtain access to suitable pest management innovations such as integrated pest management technologies. Consequently, investment in IPM technologies for suppression of western flower thrips should be enhanced.
PTENβ is an alternatively translated isoform of PTEN that regulates rDNA transcription
Authors: Liang Hui , Chen Xi , Yin Qi , Ruan Danhui , Zhao Xuyang , Zhang Cong , McNutt Michael A. , Yin Yuxin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPTEN is a critical tumour suppressor that is frequently mutated in human cancer. We have previously identified a CUG initiated PTEN isoform designated PTENα, which functions in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here we report the identification of another N-terminal extended PTEN isoform, designated PTENβ. PTENβ translation is initiated from an AUU codon upstream of and in-frame with the AUG initiation sequence for canonical PTEN. We show that the Kozak context and a downstream hairpin structure are critical for this alternative initiation. PTENβ localizes predominantly in the nucleolus, and physically associates with and dephosphorylates nucleolin, which is a multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein. Disruption of PTENβ alters rDNA transcription and promotes ribosomal biogenesis, and this effect can be reversed by re-introduction of PTENβ. Our data show that PTENβ regulates pre-rRNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. These results demonstrate the complexity of the PTEN protein family and the diversity of its functions.
Padé resummation of many-body perturbation theories
Authors: Pavlyukh Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a typical scenario the diagrammatic many-body perturbation theory generates asymptotic series. Despite non-convergence, the asymptotic expansions are useful when truncated to a finite number of terms. This is the reason for the popularity of leading-order methods such as the GW approximation in condensed matter, molecular and atomic physics. Appropriate truncation order required for the accurate description of strongly correlated materials is, however, not known a priori. Here an efficient method based on the Padé approximation is introduced for the regularization of perturbative series allowing to perform higher-order self-consistent calculations and to make quantitative predictions on the convergence of many-body perturbation theories. The theory is extended towards excited states where the Wick theorem is not directly applicable. Focusing on the plasmon-assisted photoemission from graphene, we treat diagrammatically electrons coupled to the excited state plasmons and predict new spectral features that can be observed in the time-resolved measurements.
A simple technique to overcome self-focusing, filamentation, supercontinuum generation, aberrations, depth dependence and waveguide interface roughness using fs laser processing
Authors: Lapointe Jerome , Kashyap Raman 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeveral detrimental effects limit the use of ultrafast lasers in multi-photon processing and the direct manufacture of integrated photonics devices, not least, dispersion, aberrations, depth dependence, undesirable ablation at a surface, limited depth of writing, nonlinear optical effects such as supercontinuum generation and filamentation due to Kerr self-focusing. We show that all these effects can be significantly reduced if not eliminated using two coherent, ultrafast laser-beams through a single lens - which we call the Dual-Beam technique. Simulations and experimental measurements at the focus are used to understand how the Dual-Beam technique can mitigate these problems. The high peak laser intensity is only formed at the aberration-free tightly localised focal spot, simultaneously, suppressing unwanted nonlinear side effects for any intensity or processing depth. Therefore, we believe this simple and innovative technique makes the fs laser capable of much more at even higher intensities than previously possible, allowing applications in multi-photon processing, bio-medical imaging, laser surgery of cells, tissue and in ophthalmology, along with laser writing of waveguides.
Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases
Authors: Álvarez Mar , Sebastián-Martín Alba , García-Marquina Guillermo , Menéndez-Arias Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors constitute the backbone of current therapies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively). However, mutational pathways leading to the development of nucleoside analogue resistance are different in both types of HIV. In HIV-2, resistance to all approved nucleoside analogues is conferred by the combination of RT substitutions K65R, Q151M and M184V. Nucleotide incorporation kinetic analyses of mutant and wild-type (WT) HIV-2 RTs show that the triple-mutant has decreased catalytic efficiency due to the presence of M184V. Although similar effects were previously reported for equivalent mutations in HIV-1 RT, the HIV-2 enzymes were catalytically less efficient. Interestingly, in highly divergent HIV-1 RTs, K65R confers several-fold increased accuracy of DNA synthesis. We have determined the intrinsic fidelity of DNA synthesis of WT HIV-2 RT and mutants K65R and K65R/Q151M/M184V. Our results show that those changes in HIV-2 RT have a relatively small impact on nucleotide selectivity. Furthermore, we found that there were less than two-fold differences in error rates obtained with forward mutation assays using mutant and WT HIV-2 RTs. A different conformation of the β3-β4 hairpin loop in HIV-1 and HIV-2 RTs could probably explain the differential effects of K65R.
Loss of chromosome Y leads to down regulation of KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Arseneault Madeleine , Monlong Jean , Vasudev Naveen S. , Laskar Ruhina S. , Safisamghabadi Maryam , Harnden Patricia , Egevad Lars , Nourbehesht Nazanin , Panichnantakul Pudchalaluck , Holcatova Ivana , Brisuda Antonin , Janout Vladimir , Kollarova Helena , Foretova Lenka , Navratilova Marie , Mates Dana , Jinga Viorel , Zaridze David , Mukeria Anush , Jandaghi Pouria , Brennan Paul , Brazma Alvis , Tost Jorg , Scelo Ghislaine , Banks Rosamonde E. , Lathrop Mark , Bourque Guillaume , Riazalhosseini Yasser 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent genomic studies of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have uncovered novel driver genes and pathways. Given the unequal incidence rates among men and women (male:female incidence ratio approaches 2:1), we compared the genome-wide distribution of the chromosomal abnormalities in both sexes. We observed a higher frequency for the somatic recurrent chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) of autosomes in male subjects, whereas somatic loss of chromosome X was detected exclusively in female patients (17.1%). Furthermore, somatic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) was detected in about 40% of male subjects, while mosaic LOY was detected in DNA isolated from peripheral blood in 9.6% of them, and was the only recurrent CNV in constitutional DNA samples. LOY in constitutional DNA, but not in tumor DNA was associated with older age. Amongst Y-linked genes that were downregulated due to LOY, KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers have functionally-similar X-linked homologs whose deficiency is involved in ccRCC progression. Our findings establish somatic LOY as a highly recurrent genetic defect in ccRCC that leads to downregulation of hitherto unsuspected epigenetic factors, and suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the somatic and mosaic LOY observed in tumors and peripheral blood, respectively.