bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigmatisation de l’usager de substances illicites et enjeux de l’entretien individuel
Authors: Hoareau Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2016

La plupart des travaux sur la réduction des risques (RdR) s’intéressent aux dispositifs et outils liés à la pratique d’injection, négligeant ces outils relationnels que sont l’entretien individuel et le counselling. Ceci laisse supposer une dépréciation de leur rôle d’étayage de la réflexivité des personnes sur leur relation à l’usage de substances illicites et de leur impact sur les pratiques et les trajectoires d’usage, tant par les chercheurs que par les intervenants de RdR. Si cette dépréciation reste à vérifier, d’autres éléments relevant du contexte culturel et historique compliquent son utilisation : la stigmatisation de l’usager de substances illicites, les représentations et affects des intervenants à son endroit, la rationalisation de l’activité des structures de RdR. Cet article de réflexion s’appuie sur l’expérience de l’auteur en tant que bénévole de réduction des risques en rave et free party et sur une thèse en cours de finalisation sur l’expérience de l’usage chez leurs participants.
Savoirs « profanes » et savoirs « savants » : jeux de miroir dans le cabinet médical
Authors: Lalande Aude 
Published: May 2016

Les consommateurs de substances psychoactives manipulent un savoir spécifique des effets des produits, à la fois proche et très différent de celui des médecins. Comment prendre en compte dans la relation médicale ce savoir singulier, qui vient parfois en brouiller les repères ? Après s’être efforcé de caractériser ce qu’il est coutume d’appeler les « savoirs profanes » des utilisateurs de drogues, l’article s’arrête sur quelques situations concrètes d’interactions (ou de non-interaction) entre patients et médecins, favorisant plus ou moins l’enrichissement mutuel de leurs savoirs respectifs. Puis il s’interroge sur les conditions de leur alliance et les moyens de favoriser une meilleure écoute de la voix toujours un peu dissonante de ces patients.
Jeunes et syndicalisme. Une intégration réussie ou un divorce annoncé ? Regard critique sur deux organisations syndicales au Québec
Authors: Durand-Allard Marc-Antoine , Dufour-Poirier Mélanie , Laroche Mélanie 
Published: May 2016

Résumé Les jeunes syndiqués québécois seraient-ils réticents face aux opportunités de participation syndicale ? Saisissent-ils les opportunités d'action que leur offrent les Comités jeunes, une forme avancée d'implication syndicale ? Contrairement à une idée reçus, nos données empiriques nuancent la prétendue apathie des « jeunes ». En fait, un retour à l'action syndicale de proximité semble essentiel pour stimuler leur participation et leur éveil syndical.
Après la fête : la sphère privée du chant chez les Amhara d’Éthiopie
Authors: Morand Katell 
Published: May 2016

Cet article porte sur la pratique dite privée du chant chez les paysans Amhara du Goğğam, en Éthiopie. Il se penche sur ce qu’il se passe dans les interstices de la vie sociale, lorsque fêtes et commémorations sont passées et que les individus se retrouvent seuls avec eux-mêmes : que chantent-ils, pourquoi, et quel est le statut énonciatif de ces performances sans public ? L’analyse des discours et des poèmes chantés est combinée à une ethnographie de la sphère privée pour saisir la place de ces chants dans l’univers musical des Amhara. Dialogues imaginés et sans cesse réinterprétés, ils n’existent, on le comprend, que par référence à un monde social dont la solitude ne peut être l’échappatoire.
Les mots d’autrui, leur mise en texte, leurs publics
Authors: Masquelier Bertrand 
Published: May 2016

Les chanteurs de calypso (calypsonians) jouent un rôle public de premier plan à Trinidad. C’est toujours le cas aujourd’hui, bien que les styles musicaux et textuels du calypso changent. Dans le contexte local, ces chanteurs, lorsqu’ils commentent les affaires politiques du moment, se présentent comme les porte-paroles du peuple. Une manière de participer au débat public à Trinidad consiste donc à mettre en chanson ce que l’on souhaite dire. Qu’en est-il lorsqu’un calypso, dans une version remaniée, est approprié et interprété, hors contexte, par des chanteurs européens ou nord‑américains pour un public étranger ? L’article explore une telle situation. Il montre comment ce que signifie un calypso fait écho, à travers le temps et l’espace, à d’autres performances et d’autres versions. Il faut aussi compter avec la manière dont les auteurs de la littérature caribéenne se sont appropriés cette manière de parler.
Construire un système de formation professionnelle
Authors: Gbato Maninga 
Published: May 2016

La formation professionnelle en Côte d’Ivoire est en pleine structuration, en vue de s’adapter aux évolutions technologiques et organisationnelles. Celles-ci conduisent les acteurs du système à se poser les « bonnes questions » aux « bons moments », pour améliorer, notamment, la qualité des formations, en renforçant l’employabilité des formés. Cependant, comme le dit X. Greffe, « si les formations professionnelles peuvent contribuer au bon fonctionnement des économies des pays en développement, elles sont très dépendantes des possibilités offertes par l’économie, plus encore que dans les pays développés. »
La formation professionnelle et continue au service de l’employabilité à Singapour et aux Philippines
Authors: Ramos Catherine , Gopinathan S. 
Published: May 2016

Cet article se penche sur la formation préalable à l’emploi et sur la formation continue à Singapour, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la formation technique et professionnelle, au projet national SkillsFuture (« Compétences avenir ») ainsi qu’au système de qualification de la main d’œuvre. La formation technique et professionnelle aux Philippines est également abordée, en faisant valoir l’idée que les différences d’approches dans ce domaine dépendent du degré de développement et du contexte géopolitique. Le contexte constitue ainsi un élément clé pour appréhender les politiques et les approches propres aux systèmes éducatifs et comprendre la façon dont les pays abordent le problème des compétences.
The estimation of daily mean soil temperature at different depths in three Agroecological regions of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumarathunge M. D. P. , Waidyarathne K. P. , Samita S. 
Published: May 2016

Soil temperature is an important climatic variable in regulating ecosystem process, yet it is difficult and costly to measure daily. Several mathematical models are available to estimate soil temperature; however, most are with complicated independent variables. In this research, site specific parsimonious models were developed to estimate daily mean soil temperature in deeper depths (i.e.>10 cm) using air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm depth and day of the year as independent variables. Different models were developed for four Coconut growing sites and results showed that 5 cm depth soil temperature along with day of the year estimate the soil temperature at deeper depths with high accuracy. Further, models with air temperature and day of the year estimate the soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm depths satisfactorily. These models can be used to estimate the daily mean soil temperature simply and cost effectively and it also allows the reconstruction of missing soil temperature values. COCOS Vol. 20: 9-25 (2013)
Almost Disjointness Preservers
Authors: Oikhberg Timur , Tradacete Pedro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe study the stability of disjointness preservers on Banach lattices. In many cases, we
prove that an “almost disjointness preserving” operator is well approximable by a disjointness preserving
one. However, this approximation is not always possible, as our examples show.
Lubich Second-Order Methods for Distributed-Order Time-Fractional Differential Equations with Smooth Solutions
Authors: Du Rui , Hao Zhao-peng , Sun Zhi-zhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article is devoted to the study of some high-order difference schemes for the distributed-order time-fractional equations in both one and two space dimensions. Based on the composite Simpson formula and Lubich second-order operator, a difference scheme is constructed with convergence in the L1(L∞)-norm for the one-dimensional case, where τ,h and σ are the respective step sizes in time, space and distributed-order. Unconditional stability and convergence are proven. An ADI difference scheme is also derived for the two-dimensional case, and proven to be unconditionally stable and convergent in the L1(L∞)-norm, where h1 and h2 are the spatial step sizes. Some numerical examples are also given to demonstrate our theoretical results.
On Preconditioned MHSS Real-Valued Iteration Methods for a Class of Complex Symmetric Indefinite Linear Systems
Authors: Ren Zhi-Ru , Cao Yang , Zhang Li-Li 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA generalized preconditioned modified Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (GPMHSS) real-valued iteration method is proposed for a class of complex symmetric indefinite linear systems. Convergence theory is established and the spectral properties of an associated preconditioned matrix are analyzed. We also give several variants of the GPMHSS preconditioner and consider the spectral properties of the preconditioned matrices. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Integrated management of water resources demand and supply in irrigated agriculture from plot to regional scale
Authors: Schütze Niels , Wagner Michael 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Growing water scarcity in agriculture is an increasing problem in future in many regions of the world. Recent trends of weather extremes in Saxony, Germany also enhance drought risks for agricultural production. In addition, signals of longer and more intense drought conditions during the vegetation period can be found in future regional climate scenarios for Saxony. However, those climate predictions are associated with high uncertainty and therefore, e.g. stochastic methods are required to analyze the impact of changing climate patterns on future crop water requirements and water availability. For assessing irrigation as a measure to increase agricultural water security a generalized stochastic approach for a spatial distributed estimation of future irrigation water demand is proposed, which ensures safe yields and a high water productivity at the same time. The developed concept of stochastic crop water production functions (SCWPF) can serve as a central decision support tool for both, (i) a cost benefit analysis of farm irrigation modernization on a local scale and (ii) a regional water demand management using a multi-scale approach for modeling and implementation. The new approach is applied using the example of a case study in Saxony, which is dealing with the sustainable management of future irrigation water demands and its implementation.
Evidentials in Chinese
Authors: Liu Zhaohui 
Published: May 2016

<p>Evidentiality has long been a heated topic in the field of linguistics recently. It focuses on the source of information and language user’s attitude towards the reliability of information. It first aroused in the study of Indian languages. Then, linguists pay more and more attention to evidentiality. This paper would first introduce the history, definition and classification of evidentiality, and then several related notions will be detailed with comparison to evidentiality. After a brief understanding of evidentiality, this paper will further introduce some evidentials in Chinese based on Hu’s model of evidentiality. </p>
Evaluación del control interno y su incidencia en la cuentas por cobrar de Foro Miraflor
Authors: Cruz Cruz Leyla Marielka 
Published: May 2016

En el presente trabajo se realizó la Evaluación del sistema de control interno y su incidencia en los procesos de las cuentas por cobrar de la Asociación de Pobladores y Productores de Miraflor “FORO MIRAFLOR”, Estelí en el periodo 2010-2011. El desarrollo de este estudio se hizo tomando en cuenta el enfoque cualitativo La investigación es estudio de caso, de tipo descriptivo- explicativo. El universo estuvo conformado por toda la información financiera de la Asociación de Pobladores y productores de Miraflor Moropotente del periodo 2010-2011, tomando como muestra las cuentas por cobrar.Es fundamental que se analice la necesidad de elaborar un manual de crédito, así como la depuración de las cuentas por cobrar para que la información presentada en los estados financieros sea oportuna para la toma de decisiones en la organización.
Monitoring of droughts in municipalities of the Sertão Paraibano
Authors: De Farias André Aires , Salviano de Sousa Francisco de Assis , Bezerra Alves Telma Lucia , Silva Geovane da , De Oliveira Júlio Cézar 
Published: May 2016

Drought is a natural phenomenon that affects all regions. There is great difficulty in getting a consensus to define the real meaning of the theme, this happens mainly be differences in hydrometeorological variables and socioeconomic factors as well as the stochastic nature of the demand for water. Despite the large number of researchers working with dried in the world, there is an information gap, especially in duration, water deficit, intensity and return period of droughts in Northeast Brazil. The research objective is to analyze the duration, water deficit, intensity and return period of droughts in the municipalities of Sertão Paraibano. They were used data of precipitates monthly totals for the period of 1994-2014 the municipalities of Cajazeiras, Catolé do Rocha, Patos, Pombal, São Bento and Sousa. The execution method was used in order to identify periods of droughts and assess their statistical properties. The municipality of Sousa had the highest number of droughts, eight in total, followed by Cajazeiras, Catolé do Rocha, São Bento (seven droughts), Patos and Pombal (six droughts). The longest occurred in Patos, starting in 1997 and ending in 2001, lasting five years. The more severe droughts in the municipalities occurred during 1997-1999, 2001-2003 and 2012-2014, that is, those who had longer duration, water deficit and intensity. The analysis of period of return of droughts most severe in the municipalities show very different values, with the longest occurring in Patos, during the drought of 1997-2001, where the likelihood of ocurred another drought of the same duration is every 89 years. Droughts with durations equal or superior this may occur in 67 years. Already the water deficit can be overcome in 33 years.
Temporal analysis of rainfall and vegetation index using satellite images in Pernambuco State
Authors: Dantas Milena 
Published: May 2016

The development of this work aimed, analyze and interpret the temporal standards of precipitation and NDVI in the Pernambuco state (Brazil). We used monthly average data of rainfall and NDVI obtained by Terra/MODIS satellite image, with spatial resolution of 1km, for the period from 2003 to 2013. We applied the Principal Components Factorial Analysis method to determine the variability seasonal standard variables. The results showed that the technique applied to the temporal analysis of precipitation explained 84.61% (CPs) of the data variance, and to NDVI the temporal analysis explained 90.21% (3 CPs). Altogether, we observed that the vegetation index is proportional to the amount of rain of the region and that the vegetation takes a while after the rainfall to develop
Impact de la politique d’aménagement sur la mobilité : Cas des éco-quartiers de Vauban et Rieselfeld à Fribourg
Authors: Imerzoukene Driad H. , Hamman P. , Freytag T. 
Published: May 2016

Les pratiques de mobilité sont associées à différents facteurs, incluant l’environnement physique, la distance et les motifs de déplacement ou encore les caractéristiques sociodémographiques. À travers une enquête quantitative et comparative (2013) menée au sein des éco-quartiers de Vauban et Rieselfeld (Fribourg, Allemagne), nous analysons les comportements de mobilité des habitants et leurs motifs. L’étude s’articule autour des liens entre modes de déplacement et facteurs structurels environnementaux, et suggère que la disponibilité d’infrastructures de transport, de services et d’espaces verts accessibles à proximité du lieu de vie représente un facteur favorable à l’utilisation des « modes actifs ».
Anisotropic charge carrier transport in free-standing hexagonal boron nitride thin films
Authors: Dahal Rajendra , Ahmed Kawser , Wu Jia Woei , Weltz Adam , Lu James Jian-Qiang , Danon Yaron , Bhat Ishwara B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The in-plane and out-of-plane mobility–lifetime products of electrons and holes in free-standing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films are extracted from current–voltage characteristics of metal–hBN–metal structures measured under external excitations. The in-plane mobility–lifetime products for electrons and holes are ∼2.8 × 10−5 and ∼4.85 × 10−6 cm2/V, measured from lateral carrier collection, whereas the out-of-plane mobility–lifetime products for electrons and holes are ∼5.8 × 10−8 and ∼6.1 × 10−9 cm2/V, measured from vertical carrier collection, respectively. The mobility–lifetime product is a few orders of magnitude higher along the plane than along the out of plane in hBN films.
Atmospheric vapor phase deposition of nanometer-thick anti-stiction fluoropolymer coatings for silicon surfaces
Authors: Itoh Shintaro , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Morita Hiroyuki , Fukuzawa Kenji , Zhang Hedong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Anti-stiction coatings for silicon surfaces are a key technology to prevent the failure of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) during operation and improve the forming accuracy in nanoimprint technology. In this study, we propose an atmospheric vapor phase deposition method to coat a silicon surface with fluoropolymers such as the perfluoropolyethers Fomblin Zdol 2000 and Zdol 4000. Thickness distributions, surface energies, coverages, and stiction forces for the deposited films were evaluated experimentally. The proposed method resulted in over 90% coverage with a film thickness of about 1 nm. The film thickness uniformity was around 0.1 nm over an area of 5 × 5 mm2. This coating effectively reduced the stiction forces by half compared with a bare silicon surface.
Anisotropic tomography of the European lithospheric structure from surface wave studies
Authors: Nita Blanka , Maurya Satish , Montagner Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present continental‐scale seismic isotropic and anisotropic imaging of shear wave upper‐mantle structure of tectonically diversified terranes creating the European continent. Taking into account the 36–200 s period range of surface waves enables us to model the deep subcontinental structure at different vertical scale‐lengths down to 300 km. After very strict quality selection criteria, we have obtained phase wave speeds at different periods for fundamental Rayleigh and Love modes from about 9000 three‐component seismograms. Dispersion measurements are performed by using Fourier‐domain waveform inversion technique named “roller‐coaster‐type” algorithm. We used the reference model with a varying average crustal structure for each source‐station path. That procedure led to significant improvement of the quality and number of phase wave speed dispersion measurements compared to the common approach of using a reference model with one average crustal structure. Surface wave dispersion data are inverted at depth for retrieving isotropy and anisotropy parameters. The fast axis directions related to azimuthal anisotropy at different depths constitute a rich database for geodynamical interpretations. Shear wave anomalies of the horizontal dimension larger than 200 km are imaged in our models. They correlate with tectonic provinces of varying age‐provenance. Different anisotropy patterns are observed along the most distinctive feature on our maps–the bordering zone between the Palaeozoic and Precambrian Europe. We discuss the depth changes of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary along the profiles crossing the chosen tectonic units of different origin and age: Fennoscandia, East European Craton, Anatolia, Mediterranean subduction zones. Within the flat and stable cratonic lithosphere, we find traces of the midlithospheric discontinuity.
Radial diffusion of radiation belt particles in nondipolar magnetic fields
Authors: Cunningham Gregory S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fact that charged particles trapped in Earth's magnetic field can be redistributed along their radial distance from Earth due to drift‐resonant interactions with small‐amplitude waves has been known since early in the space age. Early theoretical efforts assumed that a dipole background magnetic field was modified by a time‐varying electromagnetic perturbation that changed the particle's distance from Earth while preserving the first two invariants of motion. The stochastic nature of the perturbation allowed the effect of the waves on the trapped particles to be represented by a Fokker‐Planck equation, which updates the phase space density in time via radial diffusion with diffusion coefficients that depend on the wave characteristics. In this paper, we extend those early theoretical efforts to define radial diffusion coefficients in arbitrary static background fields and define a numerical scheme for their evaluation. The background fields we consider are allowed to have significant deviations from a dipole field. Radial diffusion coefficients are computed using the new scheme for one of the empirical magnetic field models (T89) developed by Tsyganenko and coauthors as the background on top of which the perturbations are added. The new diffusion coefficients are shown to be substantially larger than those computed with a dipole background field model, especially at large radial distances and during geomagnetically active times, and it is suggested that outward radial diffusion may be a more substantial loss process for trapped electrons in the outer radiation belt than previously believed.
The life cycle of a coherent Lagrangian Agulhas ring
Authors: Wang Y. , Beron‐Vera F. J. , Olascoaga M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe document the long‐term evolution of an Agulhas ring detected from satellite altimetry using a technique from nonlinear dynamical systems that enables objective (i.e., observer‐independent) eddy framing. Such objectively detected eddies have Lagrangian (material) boundaries that remain coherent (unfilamented) over the detection period. The ring preserves a quite compact material entity for a period of about 2 years even after most initial coherence is lost within 5 months after detection. We attribute this to the successive development of short‐term coherent material boundaries around the ring. These boundaries provide effective short‐term shielding for the ring, which prevents a large fraction of the ring's interior from being mixed with the ambient turbulent flow. We show that such coherence regain events cannot be inferred from Eulerian analysis. This process is terminated by a ring‐splitting event which marks the ring demise, near the South American coast. The genesis of the ring is characterized by a ring‐merging event away from the Agulhas retroflection, followed by a 4 month‐long partial coherence stage, scenario that is quite different than a current occlusion and subsequent eddy pinch off.