bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of genetic variants on haematopoiesis in patients with thrombocytopenia absent radii (TAR) syndrome
Authors: Manukjan Georgi , Bösing Hendrik , Schmugge Markus , Strauß Gabriele , Schulze Harald 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThrombocytopenia absent radii (TAR) syndrome is clearly defined by the combination of radial aplasia and reduced platelet counts. The genetics of TAR syndrome has recently been resolved and comprises a microdeletion on Chromosome 1 including the RBM8A gene and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) either at the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) or within the first intron of RBM8A. Although phenotypically readily diagnosed after birth, the genetic determination of particular SNPs in TAR syndrome harbours valuable information to evaluate disease severity and treatment decisions. Here, we present clinical data in a cohort of 38 patients and observed that platelet counts in individuals with 5′UTR SNP are significantly lower compared to patients bearing the SNP in intron 1. Moreover, elevated haemoglobin values could only be assessed in patients with 5′UTR SNP whereas white blood cell count is unaffected, indicating that frequently observed anaemia in TAR patients could also be SNP‐dependent whereas leucocytosis does not correlate with genetic background. However, this report on a large cohort provides an overview of important haematological characteristics in TAR patients, facilitating evaluation of the various traits in this disease and indicating the importance of genetic validation for TAR syndrome.
Widespread brain distribution and activity following i.c.v. infusion of anti‐β‐secretase (BACE1) in nonhuman primates
Authors: Yadav Daniela Bumbaca , Maloney Janice A , Wildsmith Kristin R , Fuji Reina N , Meilandt William J , Solanoy Hilda , Lu Yanmei , Peng Kun , Wilson Blair , Chan Pamela , Gadkar Kapil , Kosky Andrew , Goo Marisa , Daugherty Ann , Couch Jessica A , Keene Thomas , Hayes Karen , Nikolas Lisa Jungbauer , Lane Deanna , Switzer Robert , Adams Eric , Watts Ryan J , Scearce‐Levie Kimberly , Prabhu Saileta , Shafer Lisa , Thakker Deepak R , Hildebrand Keith , Atwal Jasvinder K 
Published: August 2017

Background and PurposeThe potential for therapeutic antibody treatment of neurological diseases is limited by poor penetration across the blood–brain barrier. I.c.v. delivery is a promising route to the brain; however, it is unclear how efficiently antibodies delivered i.c.v. penetrate the cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF)‐brain barrier and distribute throughout the brain parenchyma.Experimental ApproachWe evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody against β‐secretase 1 (anti‐BACE1) following continuous infusion into the left lateral ventricle of healthy adult cynomolgus monkeys.Key ResultsAnimals infused with anti‐BACE1 i.c.v. showed a robust and sustained reduction (~70%) of CSF amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides. Antibody distribution was near uniform across the brain parenchyma, ranging from 20 to 40 nM, resulting in a ~50% reduction of Aβ in the cortical parenchyma. In contrast, animals administered anti‐BACE1 i.v. showed no significant change in CSF or cortical Aβ levels and had a low (~0.6 nM) antibody concentration in the brain.Conclusion and ImplicationsI.c.v. administration of anti‐BACE1 resulted in enhanced BACE1 target engagement and inhibition, with a corresponding dramatic reduction in CNS Aβ concentrations, due to enhanced brain exposure to antibody.
Trait emotional intelligence in a sample of Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Abo Elella Eman , Hassan Ghada A.M. , Sabry Walaa , Hendawy Heba , Shorub Eman , Zyada Fadia , Medany Omar 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe link between types and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is still underinvestigated, especially in children. We aimed to examine the relationship between TEI and ADHD symptoms in a sample of Egyptian children.MethodThe study included 50 children with ADHD, who were compared on the basis of their TEI and contrasted with 25 matched healthy controls. They were subjected to the Arabic version of the following scales: Connors scale 3rd edition, parent rating form, Kiddie‐Schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia present and Lifetime Version (K‐SADS‐PL), Stanford Binet intelligence scale, 4th edition and Trait Emotional Intelligence Child form (TEI) and a semistructured clinical data sheet for sociodemographic data.ResultsUsing TEI scale, the control group was shown to have higher scores in TEI than cases, there was a high significant difference with regards to eight of nine TEI facets together with the TEI global score. Moreover, the control group significantly outperformed ADHD children with mixed and hyperactive subtypes on TEI global score in all facets except for adaptability. Meanwhile, the inattentive group performed significantly poorer than those in the control group on TEI global score, adaptability, emotional expression, self‐motivation and emotion regulation facets. Trait Emotional Intelligence was negatively correlated with four of ADHD symptom groups assessed by Connors test, namely; impulsivity, cognitive, social problem, and emotional liability symptoms. However, Impulsivity was negatively correlated with all the domains of TEI except for adaptability and emotional expression. On the other hand, oppositional symptoms did not show a significant correlation with any of the TEI facets.ConclusionsTrait emotional intelligence is highly impaired in children with ADHD and emotional deficits are corner stone features of that disorder, low impulsivity facet of TEI is highly correlated with social problems and poor peer relations.
Relations of Inhibition and Emotion‐Related Parenting to Young Children's Prosocial and Vicariously Induced Distress Behavior
Authors: Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Taylor Zoe E. , Liew Jeffrey 
Published: August 2017

Children's prosocial behavior and personal distress are likely affected by children's temperament as well as parenting quality. In this study, we examined bidirectional relations from age 30 to 42 months between children's (N = 218) prosocial or self‐focused (presumably distressed) reactions to a relative stranger's distress and both supportive emotion‐related maternal reactions to children's emotions and children's shyness/inhibition. When controlling for 30‐month prosocial behavior and personal distress behavior, maternal supportive (emotion‐focused and problem‐focused) reactions were positively related to prosocial behavior and marginally negatively related to children's personal distress behaviors and shyness/inhibition at 42 months. Thirty‐month personal distress behavior predicted greater shyness/inhibition at 42 months, and 30‐month shyness/inhibition was negatively related to prosocial behavior at 30 months.
A Model of Maternal and Paternal Ethnic Socialization of Mexican‐American Adolescents’ Self‐Views
Authors: Knight George P. , Carlo Gustavo , Streit Cara , White Rebecca M.B. 
Published: August 2017

Data from a sample of 462 Mexican‐American adolescents (M = 10.4 years, SD = .55; 48.1% girls), mothers, and fathers were used to test an ethnic socialization model of ethnic identity and self‐efficacy that also considered mainstream parenting styles (e.g., authoritative parenting). Findings supported the ethnic socialization model: parents’ endorsement of Mexican‐American values were associated with ethnic socialization at fifth grade and seventh grade; maternal ethnic socialization at fifth grade and paternal ethnic socialization at seventh grade were associated with adolescents’ ethnic identity exploration at 10th grade and, in turn, self‐efficacy at 12th grade. The findings support ethnic socialization conceptions of how self‐views of ethnicity develop from childhood across adolescence in Mexican‐American children.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection influences tight junction integrity
Authors: Kast J I , McFarlane A J , Głobińska A , Sokolowska M , Wawrzyniak P , Sanak M , Schwarze J , Akdis C A , Wanke K 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important risk factor of asthma development and is responsible for severe respiratory tract infections. However, the influence of RSV infection on barrier function of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of RSV in tight junction (TJ) regulation and to compare epithelial integrity between asthmatic and healthy individuals upon RSV infection. Healthy and asthmatic human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were differentiated at air–liquid interface (ALI) and infected with RSV and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated RSV. TJ expression and their integrity were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), transepithelial resistance (TER) and paracellular flux. To determine the effect in vivo, BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with RSV or UV-irradiated RSV A2. Bronchoalveolar lavage and TJ integrity were analysed on days 1, 2, 4 and 6 post-infection by qPCR, bioplex and confocal microscopy. RSV increased barrier integrity in ALI cultures of HBEC from healthy subjects, but no effect was found in HBECs from asthmatics. This was not associated with an increase in TJ mRNA expression. In vivo, RSV induced lung inflammation in mice and down-regulated claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression in whole lungs. Surprisingly, RSV infection was not observed in bronchial epithelial cells, but was found in the lung parenchyma. Decreased expression of occludin upon RSV infection was visible in mouse bronchial epithelial cells in confocal microscopy. However, there was no regulation of claudin-1 and claudin-7 at protein level.
Canadian Business Risk Management: Private Firms, Crown Corporations, and Public Institutions
Authors: Ker Alan P. , Barnett Barry , Jacques David , Tolhurst Tor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper considers the current and possible institutions (programs, policies, participants, etc.) that govern public Business Risk Management (BRM) in Canada. This is an important policy topic for two reasons: BRM spending accounts for the vast majority of public monies funneled to Canadian agricultural producers and the upcoming Canadian Agricultural Partnership includes a mandated BRM review and thus presents an opportunity to change these institutions in meaningful ways. We pay particular attention to the rhetoric surrounding greater involvement of private insurance, the lack of rhetoric regarding the use of crown corporations, and issues of subsidization. We conclude with policy recommendations favoring commodity‐specific revenue versus whole‐farm net margin insurance, a possible reduction in subsidy levels, and a call to reconsider the role of crown corporations. We also make programming recommendations regarding the discontinued use of private reinsurance, a reduction in the level of program reserves, and greater transparency.Ce document examine les institutions actuelles et potentielles (programmes, politiques, participants, etc.) qui gouvernent la gestion des risques d'entreprises (GRE) au Canada. Deux raisons rendent important ce sujet politique : les dépenses liées á la GRE totalisent la grande majorité des fonds publics accordés aux producteurs agricoles, et le futur cadre politique agricole offre l'occasion de modifier ces institutions de manière significative. Nous portons une attention particulière á la rhétorique entourant l'implication plus soutenue des assurances privées, á l'absence de rhétorique au sujet de l'utilisation de sociétés d'État, et aux enjeux de subvention. Nous concluons avec des recommandations politiques favorisant les assurances de revenus provenant spécifiquement de produits agricoles versus celles de la marge nette de l'exploitation globale, une potentielle réduction des niveaux de subvention, et un appel á tenir compte du rôle des sociétés d'État. Nous proposons aussi des recommandations de programmation concernant l'arrêt de l'utilisation des réassurances privées, une réduction du niveau des programmes de réserve, et une transparence accrue.
Estimated peak functional capacity: an accurate method for assessing change in peak oxygen consumption after cardiac rehabilitation?
Authors: Nichols S. , Gleadall‐Siddall D. O. , Antony R. , Clark A. L. , Cleland J. G. F. , Carroll S. , Ingle L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the ‘gold standard’ method of determining VO2peak. When CPET is unavailable, VO2peak may be estimated from treadmill or cycle ergometer workloads and expressed as estimated metabolic equivalents (METs). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes use estimated VO2peak (METs) to report changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the accuracy of determining changes in VO2peak based on estimated functional capacity is not known.MethodsA total of 27 patients with coronary heart disease (88·9% male; age 59·5 ± 10·0 years, body mass index 29·6 ± 3·8 kg m−2) performed maximal CPET before and after an exercise‐based CR intervention. VO2peak was directly determined using ventilatory gas exchange data and was also estimated using the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) leg cycling equation. Agreement between changes in directly determined VO2peak and estimated VO2peak was evaluated using Bland–Altman limits of agreement (LoA) and intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsDirectly determined VO2peak did not increase following CR (0·5 ml kg−1 min−1 (2·7%); P = 0·332). Estimated VO2peak increased significantly (0·4 METs; 1·4 ml kg−1 min−1; 6·7%; P = 0·006). The mean bias for estimated VO2peak versus directly determined VO2peak was 0·7 ml kg−1 min−1 (LoA −4·7 to 5·9 ml kg−1 min−1). Aerobic efficiency (ΔVO2/ΔWR slope) was significantly associated with estimated VO2peak measurement error.ConclusionChange in estimated VO2peak derived from the ACSM leg cycling equation is not an accurate surrogate for directly determined changes in VO2peak. Our findings show poor agreement between estimates of VO2peak and directly determined VO2peak. Applying estimates of VO2peak to determine CRF change may over‐estimate the efficacy of CR and lead to a different interpretation of study findings.
Predictive model and risk factors associated with a revised definition of early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Nicolau‐Raducu Ramona , Cohen Ari J. , Bokhari Amjad , Bohorquez Humberto , Bruce David , Carmody Ian , Bugeaud Emily , Seal John , Sonnier Dennis , Nossaman Bobby , Loss George 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionEarly allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a well‐defined clinical syndrome that reflects overall graft function within the first week after transplant. The aim of this study was to further refine the definition for EAD.MethodIn this study, 1124 patients were included for analysis. Logistic regression was performed to identify markers of liver injury associated with 6‐month patient and graft failure.ResultsRecursive partitioning identified cut‐points for ALT/AST > 3000/6000 IU/dL observed within first week, with bilirubin ≥ 10 mg/dL and INR ≥ 1.6 on postoperative day 7 for the revised EAD model. The incidence of updated EAD was 15% (164/1124). Multivariable analysis identified eight risk factors associated with EAD: % macrosteatosis, donor location, donor weight, nonheart beating donors, type of organ transplanted, recipient‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma, severity of postreperfusion syndrome, and the amount of transfused fresh frozen plasma. In the presence of EAD, the incidence of post‐transplant renal replacement therapy and dialysis dependence increases. There was a significant association of the presence of EAD with 6‐month mortality (12% vs 3%) and 6‐month graft failure (8% vs 1%).ConclusionHigher AST/ALT level needed as cutoff in comparison with the old EAD definition.
Selective social learning in infancy: looking for mechanisms
Authors: Crivello Cristina , Phillips Sara , Poulin‐Dubois Diane 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough there is mounting evidence that selective social learning begins in infancy, the psychological mechanisms underlying this ability are currently a controversial issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether theory of mind abilities and statistical learning skills are related to infants’ selective social learning. Seventy‐seven 18‐month‐olds were first exposed to a reliable or an unreliable speaker and then completed a word learning task, two theory of mind tasks, and a statistical learning task. If domain‐general abilities are linked to selective social learning, then infants who demonstrate superior performance on the statistical learning task should perform better on the selective learning task, that is, should be less likely to learn words from an unreliable speaker. Alternatively, if domain‐specific abilities are involved, then superior performance on theory of mind tasks should be related to selective learning performance. Findings revealed that, as expected, infants were more likely to learn a novel word from a reliable speaker. Importantly, infants who passed a theory of mind task assessing knowledge attribution were significantly less likely to learn a novel word from an unreliable speaker compared to infants who failed this task. No such effect was observed for the other tasks. These results suggest that infants who possess superior social‐cognitive abilities are more apt to reject an unreliable speaker as informant. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/zuuCniHYzqo
Participatory shaping of community futures in e‐waste processing hubs: Complexity, conflict and stewarded convergence in a Palestinian context
Authors: Davis John‐Michael , Garb Yaakov 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article describes an unconventional participatory development approach carried out in an informal e‐waste hub in South‐West Hebron, an area that has collected and processed the bulk of Israeli e‐waste for over a decade. Our approach contributes to the critique and recovery of community representation in participatory development and the search for ways to facilitate representative community engagement. Specifically, we describe our use of a novel Delphi‐like method that allowed us to facilitate a broadly endorsed development trajectory within a heterogeneous and conflicted community. We show how the results yielded by this approach diverged from those that were likely to emerge from more facile forms of participation in ways that are important for other similar e‐waste hubs internationally, which face a destructive status quo on the one hand, or the economically ruinous international policies that ban e‐waste trade from “developed” to “developing” countries on the other. Despite real tensions and cleavages within the affected communities, the process described facilitated a shift from deadlocked environmental versus livelihood positions towards building capacity and regulating existing informal e‐waste trades to preserve livelihoods dependent on these.
Molecular ecology of insect pests of agricultural importance: the case of aphids
Authors: MORALES‐HOJAS RAMIRO 
Published: August 2017

1. Ongoing environmental change is predicted to have a strong impact on biodiversity. Studies have already noted a range shift in many species as they track their favoured environments. A key challenge entomologists are facing is to understand how insect pest species are responding to this rapid environmental change, and molecular ecology has a central role to play in this task. In the present paper, I argue that molecular ecology has much relevance in relation to the monitoring of insect pests of agricultural importance, with a focus on aphids.2. First, I examine how the combination of phylogeography and species distribution modelling can be a powerful approach to understanding species responses to climate change and to forecasting future distributions. Despite such a joint approach being increasingly used to understand these questions (e.g. in conservation biology), there are still very few studies that concern pest species of agricultural importance.3. I then discuss how the use of samples from natural history collections represent an opportunity to directly observe the evolution of species, enhancing our knowledge of the evolutionary processes occurring at ecological time scales. I introduce the Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS) sample archive and the central role it plays in the studies of pest species of agricultural importance.4. Lastly, I assess how the advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed us to investigate genetic variation at the genome‐wide level. Thus, they provide us with the opportunity of studying a variety of questions about the dynamics of pest insects that were previously impossible as well as unmanageable.
Social network confidants, duration of untreated psychosis and cannabis use in people with first episode psychosis: An exploratory study
Authors: Carrà Giuseppe , Battaglia Claudia , Hinton Mark , Sheridan Rains Luke , Crocamo Cristina , Johnson Sonia 
Published: August 2017

AimReduced social network (SN) might be associated with a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in people with first episode psychosis (FEP). We aimed at exploring the specific role of SN confidants on DUP, taking into account cannabis misuse, which is known to influence DUP and might be associated with social functioning.MethodsPeople with FEP recently referred to an inner London Early Intervention Service were assessed with standardized instruments exploring SN characteristics, DUP and cannabis misuse.ResultsTaking into account cannabis misuse, we found an association between confidants and DUP (P = 0.020), with the higher the number of confidants, the shorter the DUP.ConclusionsConfidants may provide access to, and perceptions of, social support and this may increase early engagement for people with FEP, reducing DUP and possibly improving outcomes. Future research should identify correlates of small networks of confidants, which could inform early detection community initiatives.