bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Cavity Q-factor on Near-Infrared Emitting Microcavity Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cheung C. H. , Djuriši A. B. , Kwong C. Y. , Tam H. L. , Cheah K. W. , Liu Z. T. , Chan W. K. , Chui P. C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, we fabricated near-infrared emitting MOLEDs with two organic layers. The hole transporting layer was N, N′ – di(naphthalene-1-yl) - N,N′- diphenylbenzidine (NPB), while tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) was the emissive and electron transporting layer. The bilayer structure was sandwiched between two silver mirrors. In order to investigate the influence of cavity Q-factor to the emission spectra, devices with different thickness of bottom mirror (anode) were fabricated. The influence of the choice of the bottom mirror (anode) was also investigated, and the devices with copper anode were also fabricated. The devices were characterized by angular dependent electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and transmittance measurements. Possible origins of the observed phenomena are discussed.
Orientation of Organic Semiconductor Films on Photoreactive Polyimide Films and its Influence on Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroshi , Uchida Yuichiro , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Sato Hiroto , Fujikake Hideo , Kurita Taiichiro , Takizawa Kuniharu , Sato Fumio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the effect of surface treatment on the orientation and mobility of pentacene by using a photoreactive polyimide film to modify the gate-insulator surfaces of organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Surface modification includes a photoreactive polyimide film, presenting a passivated interface on which the semiconductor can grow. This polyimide film can control of the orientation of semiconductor by using linearly polarized deep UV (LPDUV) irradiation. Fabricated OFETs include stacked structures of Ta2O5 as the gate insulators and the photoreactive polyimide. Most of the characteristic parameters of the OFETs, such as carrier mobility and on/off current ration, have been improved by using the photo-alignment treatment achieved with LPDUV irradiation.
Turn-on and Charge Build-up Dynamics in Polymer Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Roichman Yohai , Tessler Nir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTurn-on dynamics of polymer field effect transistors were examined experimentally over a wide timescale. We found that the source current dependence on time following switch on of the gate bias exhibits a power law at the short time range, and an exponential decay at the intermediate to long time range. We demonstrate that the transistor dynamic behavior is governed by the channel charge build-up, and can be described accurately by a simple capacitor-resistor distributed line model.
Enhanced Mobility of Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Epitaxially Grown C60 Film by in-situ Heat Treatment of the Organic Dielectric
Authors: Singh Th. B. , Marjanovic N. , Matt G. J. , Günes S. , Sariciftci N. S. , Montaigne Ramil A. , Andreev A. , Sitter H. , Schwödiauer R. , Bauer S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractElectron mobilities were studied as a function of thin-film growth conditions in hot wall epitaxially grown C60 based field-effect transistors. Mobilities in the range of ∼ 0.5 to 6 cm2/Vs are obtained depending on the thin-film morphology arising from the initial growth conditions. Moreover, the field-effect transistor current is determined by the morphology of the film at the interface with the dielectric, while the upper layers are less relevant to the transport. At high electric fields, a non-linear transport has been observed. This effect is assigned to be either because of the dominance of the contact resistance over the channel resistance or because of the gradual move of the Fermi level towards the band edge as more and more empty traps are filled due to charge injection.
Interfacial electronic states of TNAP thin film deposited on metal substrates
Authors: Kanai Kaname , Ikame Tadanobu , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStrong substrate dependence of interfacial electronic structure of 11, 11, 12, 12-tetracyanonaphtho-2, 6-quinodimethane (TNAP) thin film was observed by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission measurements. It was found that an apparent charge transfer interaction exists in the interface between the TNAP film and Ag substrate and Cu complex is formed by deposition of TNAP onto Cu substrate.
Large-Area Wet Micro-Printing (LAMP)for Organic Device Patterning
Authors: Jin Hongzheng , Sturm James C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn important challenge for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) manufacturing is patterning method of the organic materials used for different colors. In this talk, a Large-Area wet Micro-Printing (LAMP) technique is proposed and demonstrated for organic device patterning. A printing plate is first prepared by surface engineering so that a designed surface energy pattern is achieved. The printing plate is then coated with “ink,” brought into contact the device substrate, and the “ink” is transferred. With this approach, the red (R), green (G) blue (B) sub-pixel arrays needed in a full-color display can be printed in three successive steps, one step for each color. Both single-color pixel arrays and R, G, B sub-pixel arrays have been patterned as a demonstration of the feasibility of this method. The technique has the potential advantages of low-cost and high-throughput and it avoids some of the practical problems associated with the design and operation of an ink-jet apparatus.
Optimization of Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors Based on Pentacene Thin Films
Authors: Yoo S. , Domercq B. , Kippelen B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report on the photovoltaic properties of efficient multilayer devices based on pentacene thin films as a function of light intensity. Light-induced effects are characterized by the refined equivalent circuit model which incorporates an additional shunt resistance and an additional diode whose properties are function of the light intensity. Relative effects of these intensity-dependent parameters as well as the route to further optimization are discussed.
Charge Carrier Mobility Measurements in Tetracene Single Crystals
Authors: Pflauma Jens , Niemax Jens , Tripathi Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present data on the transport of charge carriers in the organic semiconductor tetracene. Comparative measurements by time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy and measurements in field-effect transistor (FET) geometry reveal hole mobilities of about 1 cm2/Vs. Whereas for FETs only hole transport can be detected, from TOF a strong dispersive transport for negative charge carriers is observed. This observation is mainly caused by deep-level trapping of electrons. By fitting the temperature dependent hole mobility to a model of multiple-trapping and release of charge carriers the trap energy and the relative trap density can be adjusted to 130 meV and 5·10-3, respectively. Comparative chemical and structural analysis of inhomogeneities show that the traps affecting the transport are mainly caused by chemical defects rather than by structural imperfections.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of the Optical Functions of Some Widely Used Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) Materials.
Authors: Liu Z. T. , Oey C. C. , Djuriši A. B. , Kwong C. Y. , Cheung C. H. , Chan W. K. , Chui P. C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, optical functions of some widely used OLEDs materials 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3), (N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′- diphenylbenzidine (NPB),poly(3,4,-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) and indium tin oxide (ITO)) were studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the spectral range from 1.55 eV to 4.1 eV (wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm). The samples were prepared either by thermal evaporation in high vacuum or spin-coating of thin films onto glass substrates. For determination of the optical functions of ITO, commercial ITO glass was used. Measurements at different incident angles were performed to determine whether the samples can be considered isotropic. The SE data were modeled using an oscillator model (Lorentz for semiconducting and Lorentz-Drude for conducting materials). The absorption spectra were also measured, and the comparison with the data determined by SE is given.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of Interface Formation Between poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)- 1,4-phenylene vinylene) and Aluminum
Authors: Demirkan K. , Mathew A. , Opila R. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAl was thermally evaporated onto the conjugated semiconductor polymer, poly(2-methoxy-5,2′- ethyl-hexyloxy-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) in successive steps. Interface formation and chemical interactions between the polymer and Al were investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron source Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS). XPS analyses (angle resolved and sputtering depth profile) proved the formation of an insulating aluminum oxide layer at the polymer metal interface. The C-O bonds in the polymer decreased as more Al was evaporated on the MEH-PPV. Also reaction between Al and the carbon backbone of the polymer leading to the creation of carbon-metal bonds was observed. UPS analysis suggested the possibility of Al reacting with the phenylene ring of the polymer.
Inorganic Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes in Organic Films
Authors: Könenkamp R. , Word Robert , Schlegel Christoph 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report room-temperature, white-color electroluminescence in ZnO nanowires embedded solidly in organic thin films. Excitonic luminescence around 380 nm is observed as a shoulder on a broader, defect-related band covering all of the visible range and centered at 620 nm. The ZnO nanowires are grown in a low-temperature process employing a technique that is suitable for large-area applications. The nanowires are robustly encapsulated in organic films deposited from high-molecular-weight solutions. Electron injection occurs through a transparent SnO2 layer, while hole injection is mediated by a p-doped polymer and an evaporated Au-contact.
Programmable Conductance Switching and Negative Differential Resistance in Nanoscale Organic Films
Authors: Graves-Abe Troy , Sturm J.C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThin (12-nm) self-assembled films of the insulating molecule 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were contacted by gold electrodes in a sandwich structure. Current-voltage scans of the resulting devices revealed symmetric negative differential resistance (NDR) with peaks at ±3 V and large peak current densities of up to 104 A/cm2. Devices could be programmed reversibly into nonvolatile high- and low-conductance states by applying 1-ms voltage pulses of 4 V and 10 V, respectively; this conductance could be probed non-destructively with voltages below 2.5 V. A conductance ratio of 103 between the high- and low-conductance states was measured. The NDR is attributed to the dynamic alteration of the device conductivity as the voltage is scanned. Devices fabricated with one gold and one aluminum electrode displayed NDR only for positive bias on the gold electrode, which supports a model in which the observed programming and NDR is due to the movement of gold in the film leading to the formation and destruction of conductive pathways through the insulating layer.
Water-Soluble Paracyclophane Fluorophores with Large Two-Photon Action Cross Sections
Authors: Woo Han Young , Korystov Dmitry , Mikhailovsky Alexander , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of tetradonor substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-based two-photon absorption (TPA) fluorophores were designed, synthesized and characterized. Different substituents were chosen to modulate the conjugation and the donor strength and to allow the molecules to be neutral (N series, organic-soluble) or charged (C series, water-soluble). The overall set of compounds series allows us to examine the correlation among the solvent polarity, donor ability of the substituents, and TPA action cross section (ηδd, where δ is the TPA cross section and η is the quantum yield). In water, a significant drop of both δ and η is observed, approximately one-third relative to those in toluene. Weaker donors and/or weaker acceptors with enhanced conjugation are a better choice due to a minimized quenching related to strong charge transfer (CT) upon excitation. One thus needs to fine-tune the magnitude of CT and find an optimal balance among CT,δ and η.
Comparative study between posturography and caloric test in balance disorders
Authors: Swami Himanshu , Sivan Maneesha , M. Bharath 
Published: September 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vertigo is a common clinical problem encountered by otolaryngologist. There are various causes balance disorders including pathologies of inner ear, somatosensory system and visual disturbances to name a few. Caloric test is suitable for inner ear disorders. Posturography promises to be more holistic in diagnosis of balance disorders.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients suffering from imbalance were accrued. They were subjected to caloric test and posturography by using static balance platform. Canal paresis and directional preponderance were measured by caloric test and modified clinical test for sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB was performed on static balance platform). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Caloric test was found to be positive in 17 whereas static balance platform detected abnormalities in 28 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Posturography by use of static balance platform can be an important tool in determining the cause of imbalance. The detection of abnormalities as compared to caloric test is statistically significant.</p>
THE POTENCY OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES TO CONTROL Aphis gossypii (HEMIPTERA:COCCOIDEA:APHIDIDAE) ON PATCHOULI PLANT
Authors: Mardiningsih Tri Lestari , Tarigan Nurbetti , Sukmana Cucu , Kardinan Agus 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Attack of <em>Aphis gossypii</em> is one of constraints in cultivating of patchouli plant. An experiment with the purpose to examine the effectiveness of botanical insecticides to <em>A. gossypii </em>on patchouli plant. The experiment was carried out in Research Station of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, at Cicurug, Sukabumi from June to October 2011. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design, nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were mixing of neem oil + soap nuts, neem oil + clove oil, neem oil + citronellal oil, neem oil + clove oil + citronellal oil, citronellal oil, clove oil, neem extract, carbosulfan, and control. Patchouli plants were planted with spacing of 40 cm x 60 cm. The number of plant population plot<sup>-1</sup> was 25 plants and the number of sample plot<sup>-1</sup> for observation was five plants. Sampling of observed plants was conducted diagonally. Observation was carried out by counting population of <em>A. gossypii</em> on one shoot. Application of insecticides was conducted one day after the first observation. Interval of application was every week, conducted eight times. Other parameters observed were plant height and production of patchouli. Results showed that all treatments of botanical insecticides were effective to decrease of <em>A. gossypii</em><em> </em>population. The most effective treatment was that of neem extract with the value of efficacy was more than 80% occurred at seven assessments. Plant high between treatment is not significant different.</p>
STABILITAS HASIL DAN MUTU SOMAKLON HARAPAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) PADA TIGA AGROEKOLOGI
Authors: Amalia NFN , Sirait Nursalam , Hadipoentyanti Endang 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Nilam merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri, oleh sebab itu produksi, kadar dan mutu minyak merupakan faktor penting yang menetukan keunggulan suatu varietas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui stabilitas hasil dan mutu lima somaklon harapan nilam di tiga agroekologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Banten (100 m dpl), Kuningan (400 m dpl) dan Purwokerto (600 m dpl) selama dua tahun (2011 sampai 2012). Somaklon harapan A, B, C, D, E dan varietas Sidikalang sebagai pembanding ditanam dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) empat ulangan. Data perbedaan lima somaklon dianalisa menggunakan uji Duncan pada taraf lima persen. Stabilitas hasil dianalisa berdasarkan metode Eberhart dan Russell. Parameter yang diamati adalah produksi terna (basah dan kering angin), produksi minyak, kadar minyak dan mutu minyak (kadar patchouli alkohol). Hasil penelitian diperoleh somaklon harapan nilam A dan E yang stabil pada hasil terna, kadar minyak dan mutu minyak serta mampu beradaptasi pada semua tempat pengujian. Somaklon harapan nilam A unggul pada produksi terna basah per tahun 36,62 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, produksi terna kering angin per tahun 12,67 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, produksi minyak per tahun 356,37 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, kadar minyak 2,85%, serta kadar patchouli alkohol 32,53%. Somaklon harapan nilam E unggul pada produksi terna basah per tahun 37,73 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, produksi terna kering angin per tahun 12,56 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, produksi minyak per tahun 343,22 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, kadar minyak 2,78%, kadar patchouli alkohol 32,31%. Perbedaan somaklon harapan A dan E terletak pada bentuk daunnya. Somaklon harapan A mempunyai bentuk pangkal daun tumpul (obtusus), ujung daun runcing-tumpul (acutus-obtusus) serta tepi daun bergerigi tumpul (crenatus). Somaklon harapan E mempunyai bentuk pangkal daun runcing (acutus), ujung daun runcing (acutus) serta tepi daun bergerigi tajam ganda (biserratus).<em></em></p>
TANGGAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN BIOMASA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) PADA APLIKASI FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DAN PEMUPUKAN DI TANAH ANDOSOL
Authors: Hartoyo Budi , Trisilawati Octivia , Ghulamahdi Munif 
Published: September 2016

Penggunaan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) sebagai agensia hayati pada beberapa jenis tanaman saat ini mulai banyak mendapat perhatian. FMA diyakini berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, perkembangan, produksi, dan mutu tanaman serta menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih tahan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Pupuk anorganik N, P, K digunakan sebagai sumber hara esensial pada budidaya pegagan (<em>Centella asiatica</em>). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran dan efektivitas FMA dan pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi biomasa tanaman pegagan pada tanah Andosol. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri dari 2 faktor, diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama ialah perlakuan FMA (inokulasi FMA dan tanpa FMA). Faktor kedua ialah dosis pupuk (5 taraf: tanpa pupuk sebagai kontrol, 25% dosis pupuk optimal, 50% dosis pupuk optimal, 75% dosis pupuk optimal, dan dosis optimal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan FMA nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pegagan yaitu jumlah stolon primer 26,46%, jumlah buku 12,20% dan jumlah daun pada stolon primer terpanjang 17,94%, serta bobot kering akar 25,76%, terna 17,53% dan total 18,85%. Selain itu, pegagan yang bersimbiosis dengan FMA pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk menunjukkan serapan hara N, P, K lebih tinggi (N 24,4%; P 20,3% dan K 4,2%) dibandingkan tanpa FMA.
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: A Useful Tool for Early Detection of Airway Obstruction in School Children
Authors: Mehta Bharati , Garg Kunal , Ambwani Sneha , Bhandari Bharti , Bhagat Om Lata 
Published: September 2016

Context:
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an effort-dependent parameter, emerging from the large airways within about 100-120 msec of the start of forced expiration. It measures the degree of obstruction in the airways. A child from an asthmatic family, having significantly low PEFR values than its height and age matched peers, can be considered under impending asthma category.

Aims:
The present study was proposed to detect early stages of airway obstruction in school going children.

Settings and Design:
Observational study conceived in the department of Physiology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Methods and Material:
Hundred students of age group 7-15 years participated in the study. A family history for presence/absence of asthmatic symptoms was taken from all subjects. After anthropometric examination, PEFR values were recorded in standing position, using the Mini Wright Peak Flow meter after demonstrating them the right procedure. Three measurements were taken and the highest reading was recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Fisher’s exact test was done to calculate the two tailed ‘P’ value, Odd’s ratio and relative risk.

Results:
Thirty-one Percent children with family history of airway obstruction showed PEFR values below 80% of the predicted value, while 5.74% who were not having any family history of asthma, also showed values below 80% of the predicted value. With Fisher’s exact test, the two tailed ‘P’ value was 0.0155 (significant).

Conclusion:
The results of this study support the vital role of PEFR related to changes in airflow, which eventually can result in early identification of children with airway obstruction.
Liturgiczna eklezjologia sakramentu kapłaństwa w obrządku wschodnim
Authors: Nowakowski Przemysław 
Published: September 2016

The subject matter of the above paper is the role and position of the Church community in the rite of ordination to the priesthood in the byzantine tradition. It has been considered the split of the orthodox ministers into the church ministers (lower ordination) and ordained ministers (higher ordination). The influence of the local community upon the election of the candidates to priesthood has been weakened with time and nowadays within the Orthodox Church only the local bishop decides about the appointment of the new ministers and only the imposition of hands is regarded as the sacramental rite. The contemporary liturgy of ordination, however, has preserved some significant elements reminding us about the former equal importance of the community influence, who used to elect by offering to God and at the same time to accept their shepherds. This role of the Church is expressed by three main parts of the rites: 1) the election of a candidate, 2) the imposition of hands of the bishop and prayer, 3) the reception of ordination and of the newly ordained. Out of the presented liturgy of ordination one can draw the outline of the eastern ecclesiology of the sacrament of ordination, already elaborated by Prof. N. Afanasiev. This kind of liturgical ecclesiology may be of some help to the contemporary Church in regaining her more active role in electing and apointing her ministers and shepherds.