bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Short Glance at the Role of Olfactory Tubercle in Odour Processing
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Wang Haiping , Yang Jian , Wang Mengyue , Zhang Pengbo , Zhu Zheng , Wei Liya , Zhong Yanbiao , Zhang Yun‐Feng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe mammalian olfactory system is one of the most precocious sensory systems during development and is innately endowed with versatile functions distinct from other sensory systems. Perception of time‐locked olfaction‐related stimuli quickly from the external environment and encoding them accurately via the olfactory system is paramount for the survival and reproduction in the animal kingdom. The olfactory system of mammals encompasses the main and accessory parts. As one key component of the ventral striatum, the olfactory tubercle (OT), is also an important as well as indispensable sub‐region of the main olfactory system and plays a crucial role in the central processing of odours. The OT also serves as a hub linking the olfactory system with the reward system in the brain. Although extensive research has underscored the involvement of the ventral striatum in the reward and punishment process as well as motivational behaviour, the encoding mechanism of neural circuits engaged in odour detection and recognition by the OT is still largely unknown. Herein, we make a brief overview of the olfactory system and underscore the crucial role of olfactory receptors in odour detection. We also emphasize the structural and functional characterisations of the OT and corresponding neural circuits involved in odour processing.
Validation of the Chinese Version of Quality of Life Instrument (QUALIDEM‐C) for People With Dementia in Long‐Term Care Home
Authors: Yuen Ivo Y. C. , Kwok Timothy C. Y. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo validate and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of QUALIDEM (QUALIDEM‐C).MethodsThe psychometric properties of the Chinese QUALIDEM were tested in a sample of 150 residents in long‐term care homes. Concurrent validity, internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, test‐retest reliability and factor structure were determined.ResultsQUALIDEM‐C demonstrated good semantic equivalence with original version and good content validity. QUALIDEM‐C showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbachs' alpha = 0.895), inter‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.970) and test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.942). Acceptable concurrent validity was showed by consistently moderate correlations of QUALIDEM‐C with generic and disease specific quality of life measures.ConclusionsQUALIDEM‐C is reliable and valid scales to measure quality of life of residents in long‐term care home. Its applicability across residents with different levels of cognitive function favors its use over other measures in this context. It is potentially an effective tool, rather by multiple measures, to evaluate quality of life in future long‐term care home research.
The Benefits of Silicone Laryngectomy Tubes at the Time of Laryngectomy—A Case Series Spanning 17 Years
Authors: Kearney Ann , Samad Idris , Belsky Michael A. , Doyle Philip C. , Damrose Edward J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAlthough total laryngectomy (TL) is a well‐established surgical procedure with clear functional or oncologic indications, the peri‐ and postoperative care for those undergoing TL is variable, particularly regarding postlaryngectomy tracheostoma management. This study examined TL outcomes from a single institution with the immediate perioperative use of soft silicone laryngectomy tubes. More specifically, we explored potential complications associated with immediate perioperative use of a flexible laryngectomy tube (LaryTube and StomaSoft) and the use of heat and moisture exchange (HME) devices in association with peri‐ and postoperative care.MethodsA case series including all patients undergoing TL by one primary surgeon at a tertiary care hospital between 2006 and 2023 were assessed. Variables of interest included hospital average length of stay (LOS) in hospital, use of laryngectomy tube and an HME, primary tracheoesophageal puncture voice restoration at time of TL, discharge feeding, stoma‐related complications, and overall complications.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included over the study period, and all utilized a laryngectomy tube and HME in the perioperative period without complications. Fifty‐six patients (77.7%) had concurrent neck dissections and nine (15%) underwent total laryngopharyngectomy. Sixty‐two patients (86%) underwent TL for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx and 35 of these (56%) were salvage surgeries. Mean LOS was 8.4 (3–45) days, and 63 patients (88%) were discharged with nasal gastric tube feeding. Of the six patients (8%) who were readmitted for complications, zero (0%) were related to the laryngectomy tube or to stoma‐related complications (e.g., dehiscence, infection, mucous plugging). No patient who utilized a laryngectomy tube and HME device in the perioperative period experienced stomal stenosis.ConclusionsLaryngectomy tubes combined with an HME can be employed safely and successfully in a high percentage of laryngectomy patients placed perioperative. No instances of postlaryngectomy tracheostoma stenosis occurred in association with perioperative laryngectomy tube with HME use. These collective data support the use of a laryngectomy tube with HME in the immediate perioperative period, with low risk of complications.
Educational outcomes school year nine in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A nationwide registry‐based study from Sweden
Authors: Zhou Otto , Harila Arja , Hovén Emma , Lönnerblad Malin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes approximately 25% of pediatric cancers, and with contemporary protocols, the 5‐year survival rate is over 90%. Despite improved survival, neurocognitive impairments from treatment raise concerns. This registry study aimed to explore the impact of ALL treatment on educational outcomes from school year nine in Swedish children. A population‐based cohort of 503 children diagnosed with ALL from 1990 to 2010 was identified from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry and matched with five controls each. Assessed variables were delayed graduation, high school eligibility, total merit value, school grades in Swedish, English, mathematics, and physical education, and results in national tests. Analyses were performed between cases and controls and by sex, age at diagnosis, and risk group. Our results showed that, compared to controls, cases had higher odds for delayed graduation, poorer results in physical education, and higher rates of absence in national tests in English and mathematics. Children in the standard‐risk group (treated with first‐line chemotherapy only) exhibited similar results to matched controls whereas children in the high‐risk group (treated with cranial irradiation, hematological stem cell transplantation, or/and for ALL relapse and thus likely received also radiotherapy) had lower total merit value compared to controls. We conclude that Swedish children diagnosed with ALL between the years 1990–2010 mainly exhibited comparable educational outcomes to controls, although children in the high‐risk group had lower results. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating especially children with high‐risk ALL in order to identify those requiring educational support and for designing targeted interventions.
Political Favoritism and Value of Corporate Cash Holdings
Authors: Panta Humnath , Adhikari Ramesh , Narayanasamy Arun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of political favoritism on the value of corporate cash holdings. We define stock ownership by a member of the US Congress as a measure of political favoritism to a firm. We hypothesize that political investment in a firm influences the value of cash holdings. Consistent with our hypothesis, this study finds cash holding, on average, is less valuable for politically favored firms. Economically, political favoritism is associated with a decrease of $0.44 in value for a $1.00 cash holding. We also find that political favoritism negatively affects cash value in financially unconstrained firms, which is consistent with the overinvestment hypothesis. The results are robust to controlling for many firm‐level characteristics and a spectrum of robustness tests. This study extends the literature on the role of political economy in the value of corporate cash holdings by documenting political favoritism as the stock ownership of the US Congress members and evaluating its effect on the value of corporate cash holdings.
AI may enable robots to make a clinical impact in total knee arthroplasty, where navigation has not!
Authors: Hirschmann Michael T. , von Eisenhart‐Rothe Rüdiger , Graichen Heiko , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is on the verge of being revolutionized by artificial intelligence (AI), which will make it possible for robots to have a clinical influence in areas where navigation systems have been rendered ineffective. Navigation has been shown to increase surgical accuracy; nevertheless, it has not been shown to provide major gains in terms of clinical outcome for the patient. On the other hand, robotic systems that are powered by artificial intelligence have the potential to improve functional outcomes, boost precision, and tailor procedures to the specific anatomy of each unique patient. Through the utilization of real‐time data and prediction algorithms, artificial intelligence‐guided robots have the potential to overcome the limits of conventional approaches, thereby establishing a new benchmark for TKA.
Impact of El Niño−Southern Oscillation on Quasi‐Biweekly Oscillation Over the Western North Pacific in Boreal Winter
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin , Zhu Yan , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTImpacts of El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the quasi‐biweekly oscillation over the western North Pacific (WNP‐QBWO) in boreal winter are investigated in the study. The WNP‐QBWO in boreal winter primarily propagates westward from the tropical western Pacific to WNP. During the La Niña winter, the QBWO over the WNP has stronger intensity and propagates westward at a faster speed, while it is weaker and propagates more slowly during the El Niño winter. The possible mechanisms may involve the ENSO‐related background moisture and zonal wind vertical shear changes that can significantly modulate the WNP‐QBWO's behaviours in boreal winter. A 2.5‐layer atmospheric model is applied in the study and confirms the results. It is further revealed that the moisture change is dominant in modulating the WNP‐QBWO's intensity, while both the moisture and vertical shear changes may together contribute to the zonally propagating speed of the WNP‐QBWO in boreal winter. These results can deepen our understanding of dynamic processes associated with the WNP‐QBWO in boreal winter and are conducive to the predictability study.
Urease inhibition stimulates fungal degradation of chitin in frass‐amended soil
Authors: Watson Conor , Leal Hugo , Wichern Florian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe by‐product of insect larval production, frass, can be applied to soil as an organic fertiliser. Its three main organic N fractions are assumed to be ureic, protein and chitin. The significance of the latter is unknown, and it is not known if lignaceous sources have been overlooked.AimsThis study sought to gauge the activities of the (respectively, lignolytic and chitinolytic) enzymes peroxidase and N‐acetyl‐ß‐D‐glucosaminidase following frass application to soil. Their activities were monitored under conditions of urease inhibition, with a particular focus on the fungal domain.MethodsMealworm or buffalo worm frass was applied, with or without inhibitors, to a sand/soil substrate at 3% (w/w). After 16 weeks, concentrations of the fungal biomarker ergosterol and enzyme activities were determined.ResultsSoil amendment with frass had no significant effect on peroxidase activity. Fungal biomass was stimulated in particular by application of mealworm frass, which was further improved by urease inhibition. Chitinase activity was positively correlated with fungal biomass, and was increased under urease inhibition when applied with mealworm frass.ConclusionsThere were no appreciable quantities of lignaceous compounds in the frass used in this study. Importantly, the use of urease inhibitors co‐applied with frass has demonstrated that when its ureic N breakdown is prevented, chitin becomes a significant organic N source to soil fungi. The superior fungal response to mealworm frass indicates a larger chitin content than in buffalo worm frass.
Priming effects on decomposition depend on organic matter in the growing media
Authors: You Hana , Martinez Paul , Evans Richard , Volder Astrid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and root exudates contain easily decomposable carbon that can stimulate microbial growth. It is unknown what role the amount of organic matter (OM) in the growing media, and potential interactions between root presence and LOF, might play in enhancing the breakdown of OM.AimsThe aim was to better understand how the decomposition rate of plant litter is affected by added fertilizer, plant presence, and growing media OM content.MethodsA container experiment was conducted with and without tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.; Heinz 5608 variety) present to evaluate the effect of three one‐time fertilizer additions (no fertilizer, LOF, and synthetic fertilizer) on litter decomposition rate. The equivalent amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium(K) was added in both fertilizer treatments. The experiment was conducted using two growing media, one containing high OM and one with negligible OM.ResultsThe presence of tomato roots stimulated litter decomposition in high OM media, but not in low OM media. Adding LOF did not affect decomposition in either growing medium. Adding synthetic fertilizer led to a negative priming effect in low OM media when roots were present. The rate of decomposition was not affected by root traits.ConclusionsWhen ample OM was available, the presence of plant roots had a strong positive impact on litter decomposition. In both low and high OM media, a one‐time addition of fertilizer had minimal or negative effects on litter decomposition. We speculate that the continuous nature of root exudation leads to sustained changes in the microbial population (both community composition and size). Boosting root length growth via the one‐time addition of inorganic fertilizer when OM was negligible allowed the plant to outcompete decomposing microbes for N, possibly leading to selection for microbes that primarily feed on exudates, which resulted in retarded litter decomposition rates. In conclusion, as adding inorganic fertilizer stimulated plant and root growth more than adding the equivalent nutrients in LOF, particularly in growth media with a high OM content, it is better to add inorganic nutrients than LOF to stimulate OM breakdown when plants are present.
The Role of Collaboration in Prenatal Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Kuichanuan Matinuch , Sompagdee Nalat , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Soongswang Jarupim 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study compared the accuracy of prenatal congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by maternal‐fetal medicine specialists (MFMs) and pediatric cardiologists (PCs), using postnatal cardiac findings as the reference standard.MethodsThis retrospective analysis at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, involved 125 pregnancies with fetal CHD diagnosed by MFMs and evaluated by PCs later. Prenatal CHD diagnoses by either MFM or PC were compared with postnatal diagnoses obtained through echocardiography, cardiac surgery/catheterization, or autopsy. Diagnostic accuracy was classified as (A) correct diagnosis, (B) minor differences not impacting clinical management or outcomes, or (C) major differences affecting prognosis or treatment.ResultsCardiac sonography by MFM achieved diagnostic accuracies of 73.6% (A), 16% (B), and 10.4% (C), while fetal echocardiography by PC resulted in accuracies of 72% (A), 20% (B), and 8% (C). No statistically significant differences were found between MFM and PC in each category (P = .375–.832). The MFMs' accuracy was highest for tetralogy of Fallot (94.4%; 95% CI, 72.7–99.9%) and lowest for right atrial isomerism (71.4%; 95% CI, 29–96.3%) and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (57.1%; 95% CI, 18.4–90.1%).ConclusionsMFMs and PCs demonstrated high and comparable accuracy in prenatal CHD diagnosis. Although PCs tended to outperform MFMs in cases where misdiagnosis could significantly impact neonatal care and outcomes, MFMs can effectively perform primary screening for fetal CHD in all pregnancies. Collaboration with PCs remains essential when fetal CHD is suspected, particularly in complex cases.
Climate Change and Human Activities: Their Roles in Shaping Land Productivity in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Yabo Ibrahim Abdullahi , Pereira Luís Flávio , Siqueira Rafael Gomes , Imbaná Rugana , Pinheiro Alex Xavier , de Angeli Oliveira Isabelle , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud , Fernandes‐Filho Elpídio Inácio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Northern Nigeria Region (NNR) has historically suffered from land productivity changes due to anthropogenic and climatic factors. The development of methodologies that can evaluate these changes at the pixel level and spatialize the effects of driving factors is a key requisite to provide targeted solutions for land degradation, in a country with population growth and desert advancement. In this study, we applied MODIS series data to assess land productivity changes in the NNR (2001–2021) using NDVI trend analysis. We also used correlation and RESTREND analyses to discriminate between climate and human factors and map their effects. The results indicated that approximately 30.7% of the NNR showed land degradation, whereas 27.1% showed an increase in land productivity. There was a clear spatial pattern, with increasing productivity closer to the northern Nigeria boundary with Niger, and decreasing productivity concentrated in the central and southern parts of the NNR. Anthropogenic factors had a greater impact on land degradation and improvement, compared with rainfall. The climate forcing contributed most to land productivity in the northeastern part of the NNR. Land degradation is mainly associated with overgrazing and unsustainable agricultural practices, which lead to decreasing productivity of grasslands and crops. On the other hand, human influence on improvements involves land abandonment and recovery programs. These results can be used to planning initiatives to better integrate food production with environmental protection in the NNR, contributing to policies to Nigeria achieving land degradation neutrality as soon as possible.
Wideband filtering antenna design inspired by synthesis of flat‐top broadside gain curve
Authors: Zhang Chuan‐Hao , Cheng You‐Feng , Peng Fan , Liao Cheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA common design solution of wideband filtering antennas inspired by the synthesis of a flat‐top gain curve is proposed by using mutual coupling effects. The realization of a frequency‐varied flat‐top gain curve based on specially designed subarrays is analyzed. Analysis results conclude a design process of generating filtering response based on shorting pins and parasitic structures. A single‐layer rectangle patch array loaded with parasitic shorted patches is designed and analyzed for the validation. The proposed antenna possesses an impedance bandwidth of 4.95–6.05 GHz and a peak realized gain of 11.2 dBi. Besides, the design has its out‐of‐band rejection levels higher than 15 dB.
Investigation of Upper Critical Magnetic Field in 1111‐Type High‐Temperature Iron‐Based Superconductor SmFeAsO1−xFx
Authors: Gardew Derejaw 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research work, we used a two‐band model to study the theoretical analysis of the upper critical magnetic field of a high‐temperature iron‐based superconductor . The graphs of the high‐temperature iron‐based superconductor's upper critical magnetic field (((T) and ) and angular dependence of the field () versus temperature were effectively plotted. The phase diagrams of the temperature‐dependent upper critical magnetic fields versus temperature were suppressed at the transitional temperature and decreased with rising temperature for both directions of the symmetry axis. Additionally, we plotted the phase diagrams and derived the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) parameters (( and ). At the superconducting critical temperature of the superconducting material, these GL parameters diverge at the transitional temperature. Furthermore, a phase diagram of GL characteristic parameter temperature dependence was plotted. By doping fluorine atoms into the parent compound Sm‐1111, the transitional temperature of this superconductor material increased, reaching a value of 54 K and above. Finally, our theoretical conclusion is consistent with the previous experimental results.
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Infant: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Leonard James A. , Blumenthal Daniel L. , Almasri Mohamad M. , Zalzal Habib , Riley Charles A. , Lawlor Claire M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the improvement in respiratory parameters of infants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with medical or surgical intervention.Data SourcesA comprehensive review was completed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane libraries including articles published from 1975 to 2024.Review MethodsInterventions studied included adenotonsillectomy, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), tongue/lip adhesion, partial glossectomy, floor‐of‐mouth release, supraglottoplasty, oral appliances, tracheostomy, and positioning. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) served as a control. Outcomes studied included pre‐ and postintervention obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index. Studies included randomized controlled trials and case‐control trials. A total of 2161 records were identified, and 59 studies were included in the analysis. Data was extracted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines and pooled using a random‐effects model. The primary study outcome established prior to data collection was a change in the apnea‐hypopnea index.ResultsA meta‐analysis of MDO performed in infants for OSA demonstrated an overall pooled mean difference (pre‐apnea‐hypopnea index minus post‐apnea hypopnea index) of 30.1 (95% confidence interval: 22.9, 37.4; 10 studies, 373 patients). No other data was pooled for analysis due to study heterogeneity. All CPAP studies showed apnea resolution. Tailored therapies including supraglottoplasty and tongue‐lip adhesion reduced but did not resolve apneic events.ConclusionCurrent investigations of the evaluation and treatment of infant OSA are limited by heterogeneity in reporting and study. Mandibular distraction and CPAP are promising.