bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care assessment of C‐reactive protein and white blood cell count to identify bacterial aetiologies in malaria‐negative paediatric fevers in Tanzania
Authors: Hildenwall Helena , Muro Florida , Jansson Jaqueline , Mtove George , Reyburn Hugh , Amos Ben 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of point‐of‐care (PoC) assessment of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count to identify bacterial illness in Tanzanian children with non‐severe non‐malarial fever.MethodsFrom the outpatient department of a district hospital in Tanzania, 428 patients between 3 months and 5 years of age who presented with fever and a negative malaria test were enrolled. All had a physical examination and bacterial cultures from blood and urine. Haemoglobin, CRP and WBC were measured by PoC devices.ResultsPositive blood cultures were detected in 6/428 (1.4%) children and urine cultures were positive in 24/401 (6.0%). Mean WBC was similar in children with or without bacterial illness (14.0 × 109, 95% CI 12.0–16.0 × 109 vs. 12.0 × 109, 95% CI 11.4–12.7 × 109), while mean CRP was higher in children with bacterial illness (41.0 mg/l, 95% CI 28.3–53.6 vs. 23.8 mg/l, 95% CI 17.8–27.8). In ROC analysis, the optimum cut‐off value for CRP to identify bacterial illness was 19 mg/l but with an area under the curve of only 0.62. Negative predictive values exceeded 80%, while positive predictive values were under 40%.ConclusionWBC and CRP levels had limited value in identifying children with bacterial infections. The positive predictive values for both tests were too low to be used as single tools for treatment decisions.
Assessment of radial torsion using computed tomography in dogs with and without antebrachial limb deformity
Authors: Kroner Kevin , Cooley Katie , Hoey Seamus , Hetzel Scott J. , Bleedorn Jason A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability of radial torsion assessment in dogs using computed tomography (CT).Study DesignCadaveric and retrospective observational clinical study.AnimalsThoracic limbs (n = 40) from bilateral normal cadaveric canine specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial angular limb deformity (ALD) dogs (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities).MethodsLimbs were evaluated using CT. Frontal, sagittal, and axial plane (torsion) values were obtained using published guidelines and compared between groups and limbs. Radial torsion reliability was assessed among 3 observers using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsThe mean (±SD) radial torsion of normal dogs was 3.6° ± 6.4° and contained a significant right to left limb variation of 2.6°. Mean radial torsion in uniapical ALD limbs (3.6° ± 18.7°) was not significantly different from biapical ALD limbs (8.9° ± 17.9°). There was a wide range of torsion values in normal and ALD limbs. The interobserver reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.8) for normal dogs, good (0.73) for uniapical, and excellent (0.89) for biapical ALD limbs. The intraobserver reliability was excellent (>0.8) for all groups.ConclusionThere was a small side‐to‐side variation of radial torsion in normal dogs. With directed training, torsion assessment using CT is reliable in dogs with and without antebrachial bone deformity.
Effectiveness and user experience of web-based interventions for increasing physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive systematic review protocol
Authors: Dennett Rachel , Coulter Elaine , Paul Lorna , Freeman Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

Review questions/objectives:
The overall aim of this comprehensive systematic review is to explore the use of web-based interventions for increasing physical activity levels in people with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
The quantitative objectives are to identify:The clinical effectiveness of web-based interventions in enabling people with MS to increase their physical activity levels as evaluated by measures of physical activity.If (short- or long-term) web-based interventions enable people with MS to achieve the physical activity levels recommended in guidelines for adults with MS.
1

If the use of web-based interventions enables people with MS to maintain recommended levels of physical activity after the intervention has ceased and at short- and long-term follow-up.

The qualitative objectives are to:Explore the experiences of people with MS using web-based interventions that aim to improve their physical activity levels.Gain further information regarding the enablers and barriers for people with MS in the use of web-based interventions designed to increase physical activity.Identify whether, from the perspective of people with MS, web-based interventions help them improve and sustain their physical activity levels over the short- and long-term.
Effective treatment of Madura foot: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Salim Amos Omondi , Mwita Clifford Chacha , Gwer Samson 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the best available evidence on the effective treatment of Madura foot. More specifically, the objectives are to identify:1. The most effective antibiotics for treatment of actinomycetoma.2. The most effective antifungal agents for treatment of eumycetoma.3. The most appropriate stage or timing for surgical intervention for eumycetoma.
Perceptions of the Canadian occupational performance measure in enhancing the client-centered approach in the rehabilitation process: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Enemark Larsen Anette , Rasmussen Betina 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to identify whether the use of the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM) enhances the perceived experience of a client-centered approach throughout the rehabilitation process. Specifically the review questions are:
How do healthcare professionals and their clients perceive the use of the COPM as an instrument to enhance the client-centered approach in the rehabilitation process?
Does the use of the COPM provide a more client-centered approach and more involvement in the rehabilitation process, as experienced by the client and professionals?
How do the clients and/or the professionals perceive the usability of the COPM in regard to facilitating the client-centered approach in specific settings or phases of the rehabilitation process?
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage MA12, Which Infects both Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Lee Sunjin , Kwon Taesoo , Chae Su-Jin , Kim Jong-Hyun , Kang Yeon Ho , Chung Gyung Tae , Kim Dae-Won , Lee Deog-Yong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis (
S
. Enteritidis) bacteriophage MA12, a 41-Kb chromosome. The strain can infect both
Campylobacter jejuni
(
C. jejuni
) and
S
. Enteritidis and can be used in phage therapy experiments with poultry and poultry meat.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype III Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Isolated from Pigs in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhou Yuancheng , Zhuo Xiuping , Ye Jianqiang , Cai Yuhan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A complete genomic sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected by viral metagenome analysis on aborted piglets. A phylogenetic analysis of this genome reveals that it is highly similar to previously reported India JEV genomes. The complete JEV sequence is 10,718 nucleotides long.
Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Four Strains of the Bloom-Forming Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo
Authors: Ogura Yoshitoshi , Nakayama Natsuko , Hayashi Tetsuya , Ueki Shoko 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of four strains of bloom-forming raphidophytes from
Heterosigma akashiwo
. These 39-kb sequences contain 42 protein-, two rRNA-, and 26 tRNA-coding sequences. Notable sequence variations were observed among these four newly sequenced and three previously characterized strains, suggesting their potential usage as strain-specific markers.
Detection and Whole-Genome Characterization of a G8P[1] Group A Rotavirus Strain from Deer
Authors: Anbalagan Srivishnupriya , Peterson Jessica 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Rotavirus A strain 14-02218-2, with genome constellation G8P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3, was isolated from newborn fawns. The 14-02218-2 rotavirus strain is related to bovine and bovine-like rotavirus strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report on whole-genome-based characterization of a deer rotavirus G8P[1] strain.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Subgenotype 1b Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Sansui Sheldrake Ducks in Guizhou, China
Authors: Hu Yan , Duan Zhiqiang , Ji Xinqin , Zhao Jiafu , Xu Houqiang , Hu Shunlin , Liu Xiufan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two Newcastle disease viruses, Sheldrake duck/China/Guizhou/01/2016 and Sheldrake duck/China/Guizhou/02/2016, isolated from Sansui Sheldrake ducks in Guizhou Province, China. The genome of the isolates is 15,198 nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates are clustered into subgenotype 1b in class I.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Strains Isolated from a Wild Duck and a Pigeon in Russia
Authors: Kabilov Marsel R. , Alikina Tatyana Y. , Yurchenko Kseniya S. , Glushchenko Alexandra V. , Gunbin Konstantin V. , Shestopalov Alexander M. , Gubanova Natalya V. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates, Adygea/duck/12/2008, from a wild duck in Russia, and Altai/pigeon/777/2010, from a pigeon in Russia. Based on comparative sequence analysis of the F gene, these strains were classified as NDV class II, genotypes VIId and VIb/2, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel
Marinobacter
sp. Strain from Honolulu Harbor, Hawai‘i
Authors: Wan Xuehua , Hou Shaobin , Burns Siobhan L. , Saito Jennifer A. , Donachie Stuart P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Marinobacter
sp. strain X15-166B
T
was cultivated from sediment in Honolulu Harbor, Hawai‘i. The X15-166B
T
draft genome of 3,490,661 bp encodes 3,115 protein-coding open reading frames. We anticipate that the genome will provide insights into the strain's lifestyle and the evolution of
Marinobacter
.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas citronellolis SJTE-3, an Estrogen- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Zheng Daning , Wang Xiuli , Wang Pingping , Peng Wanli , Ji Nannan , Liang Rubing 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas citronellolis
SJTE-3, isolated from the active sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in China, can utilize a series of environmental estrogens and estrogen-like toxicants. Here, we report its whole-genome sequence, containing one circular chromosome and one circular plasmid. Genes involved in estrogen biodegradation in this bacterium were predicted.
Genomic Sequence of Canine Papillomavirus 19
Authors: Tisza Michael J. , Yuan Hang , Schlegel Richard , Buck Christopher B. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
It is generally assumed that individual papillomas (warts) are caused by infection with individual papillomavirus types. Deep sequencing of virions extracted from a canine oral papilloma revealed the presence of canine papillomavirus 1 (CPV1), CPV2, and a novel canine papillomavirus, CPV19. This suggests that papillomas sometimes harbor multiple viral species.
Combining radiocarbon and cosmogenic ages to constrain the timing of the last glacial-interglacial transition in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. , Laabs Benjamin J.C. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Twenty lake sediment cores extracted upstream from Last Glacial Maximum terminal moraines constrain the timing of the glacial-interglacial transition in the Uinta Mountains, Utah (USA). The stratigraphy observed in the cores, and accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of inorganic silty clay beneath gyttja, temporally constrain local deglaciation. The majority of basal ages fall within the Bølling-Allerød interval, with strong overlap at ca. 12.7 cal. (calibrated) kyr B.P. This convergence matches regional evidence of rising temperatures, increasing aridity, falling pluvial lake levels, and glacial retreat near the end of the last glacial-interglacial transition. Normalized estimates of glacier terminus retreat and elevation rise in the Uinta Mountains and elsewhere in the Rocky Mountains derived from consideration of cosmogenic ages on terminal moraines consistently average ∼10%/k.y. between ca. 20 and 13 ka, implying a regionally uniform climate forcing during deglaciation. Minor variations between these rates likely reflect hypsometric effects during deglaciation. Seven lakes dammed by cirque-floor moraines have basal ages within, or slightly younger than, the Younger Dryas interval, suggesting advances of favorably located cirque glaciers before the glacial-interglacial transition was complete.
Global-ocean redox variation during the middle-late Permian through Early Triassic based on uranium isotope and Th/U trends of marine carbonates
Authors: Elrick Maya , Polyak Victor , Algeo Thomas J. , Romaniello Stephen , Asmerom Yemane , Herrmann Achim D. , Anbar Ariel D. , Zhao Laishi , Chen Zhong-Qiang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Uranium isotopes (238U/235U) in carbonates, a proxy for global-ocean redox conditions owing to their redox sensitivity and long residence time in seawater, exhibit substantial variability in the Daxiakou section of south China from the upper-middle Permian through the mid-lower Triassic (∼9 m.y.). Middle and late Permian ocean redox conditions were similar to that of the modern ocean and were characterized by improving oxygenation in the ∼2 m.y. prior to the latest Permian mass extinction (LPME), countering earlier interpretations of sustained or gradually expanding anoxia during this interval. The LPME coincided with an abrupt negative shift of &gt;0.5‰ in δ238U that signifies a rapid expansion of oceanic anoxia. Intensely anoxic conditions persisted for at least ∼700 k.y. (Griesbachian), lessening somewhat during the Dienerian. Th/U concentration ratios vary inversely with δ238U during the Early Triassic, with higher ratios reflecting reduced U concentrations in global seawater as a consequence of large-scale removal to anoxic facies. Modeling suggests that 70%–100% of marine U was removed to anoxic sinks during the Early Triassic, resulting in seawater U concentrations of &lt;5% that of the modern ocean. Rapid intensification of anoxia concurrent with the LPME implies that ocean redox changes played an important role in the largest mass extinction event in Earth history.
Is Walk Score associated with hospital admissions from chronic diseases? Evidence from a cross-sectional study in a high socioeconomic status Australian city-state
Authors: Mazumdar Soumya , Learnihan Vincent , Cochrane Thomas , Phung Hai , O'Connor Bridget , Davey Rachel 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo explore patterns of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).To ascertain the effect of the neighbourhood built environmental features and especially walkability on health outcomes, specifically for hospital admissions from NCDs.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of public hospital episode data (2007–2013).SettingHospitalisations from the ACT, Australia at very small geographic areas.ParticipantsSecondary data on 75 290 unique hospital episodes representing 39 851 patients who were admitted to ACT hospitals from 2007 to 2013. No restrictions on age, sex or ethnicity.Main exposure measuresGeographic Information System derived or compatible measures of general practitioner access, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, alcohol access, exposure to traffic and Walk Score walkability.Main outcome measuresHospitalisations of circulatory diseases, specific endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases and specific cancers.ResultsGeographic clusters with significant high and low risks of NCDs were found that displayed an overall geographic pattern of high risk in the outlying suburbs of the territory. Significant relationships between neighbourhood walkability as measured by Walk Score and the likelihood of hospitalisation with a primary diagnosis of myocardial infarction (heart attack) were found. A possible relationship was also found with the likelihood of being hospitalised with 4 major lifestyle-related cancers.ConclusionsOur research augments the growing literature underscoring the relationships between the built environment and health outcomes. In addition, it supports the importance of walkable neighbourhoods, as measured by Walk Score, for improved health.
Time-saving screening for diabetes in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from EUROASPIRE IV
Authors: Gyberg Viveca , De Bacquer Dirk , Kotseva Kornelia , De Backer Guy , Schnell Oliver , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Wood David , Rydén Lars 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundWHO advocates 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for detecting diabetes mellitus (DM). OGTT is the most sensitive method to detect DM in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Considered time consuming, the use of OGTT is unsatisfactory. A 1-hour plasma glucose (1hPG) test has not been evaluated as an alternative in patients with CAD.ObjectivesTo create an algorithm based on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 1hPG limiting the need of a 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) in patients with CAD.Methods951 patients with CAD without DM underwent OGTT. A 2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L was the reference for undiagnosed DM. The yield of HbA1c, FPG and 1hPG was compared with that of 2hPG.ResultsMean FPG was 6.2±0.9 mmol/L, and mean HbA1c 5.8±0.4%. Based on 2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L 122 patients (13%) had DM. There was no value for the combination of HbA1c and FPG to rule out or in DM (HbA1c≥6.5%; FPG≥7.0 mmol/L). In receiver operating characteristic analysis a 1hPG≥12 mmol/L balanced sensitivity and specificity for detecting DM (both=82%; positive and negative predictive values 40% and 97%). A combination of FPG<6.5 mmol/L and 1hPG<11 mmol/L excluded 99% of DM. A combination of FPG>8.0 mmol/L and 1hPG>15 mmol/L identified 100% of patients with DM.ConclusionsBased on its satisfactory accuracy to detect DM an algorithm is proposed for screening for DM in patients with CAD decreasing the need for a 2-hour OGTT by 71%.
Effect of aclidinium bromide on cough and sputum symptoms in moderate-to-severe COPD in three phase III trials
Authors: McGarvey Lorcan , Morice Alyn H , Smith Jaclyn A , Birring Surinder S , Chuecos Ferran , Seoane Beatriz , Jarreta Diana 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundCough and sputum are troublesome symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with adverse outcomes. The efficacy of aclidinium bromide 400 µg twice daily in patients with stable COPD has been established in two phase III studies (ACCORD COPD I and ATTAIN) and a phase IIIb active-comparator study. This analysis evaluated cough-related symptoms across these studies.MethodPatients were randomised to placebo, aclidinium 200 µg or 400 µg twice daily in ACCORD (12 weeks) and ATTAIN (24 weeks), or to placebo, aclidinium 400 µg twice daily or tiotropium 18 µg once daily (6-week active-comparator study). Analysed end points included changes from baseline in Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms (E-RS; formerly known as EXAcerbations of Chronic pulmonary disease Tool), total and cough/sputum scores and frequency/severity of morning and night-time cough and sputum symptoms.ResultsData for 1792 patients were evaluated. E-RS cough/sputum domain scores were significantly reduced with aclidinium 400 µg versus placebo in ATTAIN (−0.7 vs −0.3, respectively; p<0.01) and the active-comparator study (−0.6 vs −0.2, respectively; p<0.01). In the active-comparator study, significantly greater improvements were observed with aclidinium versus placebo for severity of morning cough (−0.19 vs −0.02; p<0.01) and phlegm (−0.19 vs −0.02; p<0.05). In ACCORD, aclidinium reduced night-time cough frequency (−0.36 vs 0.1 for placebo; p<0.001) and severity (−0.24 vs −0.1 for placebo; p<0.05), and frequency of night-time sputum production (−0.37 vs 0.05 for placebo; p<0.001).ConclusionsAclidinium 400 µg twice daily improves cough and sputum expectoration versus placebo in stable COPD.Trial registration numbersNCT00891462;NCT01001494;NCT01462929.
Lymph node yield is an independent predictor of survival in rectal cancer regardless of receipt of neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Xu Zhaomin , Berho Mariana E , Becerra Adan Z , Aquina Christopher T , Hensley Bradley J , Arsalanizadeh Reza , Noyes Katia , Monson John R T , Fleming Fergal J 
Published: December 2016

AimsLymph node yield (LNY) is used as a marker of adequate oncological resection. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) currently recommends that at least 12 nodes are necessary to confirm node-negative disease for rectal cancer. A LNY of 12 is not always achieved, particularly in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant treatment. This study attempts to examine factors associated with LNY and its prognostic impact following neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.MethodsThe 2006–2011 National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients with clinical stage I–III rectal cancer who underwent a proctectomy. Suboptimal LNY was defined as <12 lymph nodes examined. A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify independent factors associated with LNY. Mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted effect of LNY on 5-year overall survival.Results25 447 patients met inclusion criteria. Overall, 62% of the cohort received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 32% had suboptimal LNY. The median LNY for patients who received neoadjuvant therapy was 13 (IQR: 9–18) and for patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy was 15 (IQR: 12–21). After risk adjustment, there was a 3.5-fold difference in the rate of suboptimal LNY among individual hospitals (27%–95%). Suboptimal LNY was independently associated with an 18% increased hazard of death among patients who did not receive neoadjuvant treatment and a 20% increased hazard of death among those who did receive neoadjuvant treatment when controlled for adjuvant treatment, staging, proximal/distal margins and other patient factors.ConclusionsSuboptimal LNY is independently associated with worse overall survival regardless of neoadjuvant therapy, pathological staging and patient factors in rectal cancer. This finding underlies the importance and challenge of an optimal lymph node evaluation for prognostication, especially for patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy.
Archaean granitoids: an overview and significance from a tectonic perspective
Authors: Halla Jaana , Whitehouse Martin J. , Ahmad Talat , Bagai Zibisani 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This special publication presents a collection of papers on Archaean igneous rocks which aim to provide evidence of a tectonic scenario that is increasingly accepted by scientists studying the evolution of the early Earth. Papers on diverse igneous rocks from the North Atlantic Craton, as well as Archaean terrains of the Fennoscandian, Indian and Ukrainian shields, have a common focus on crust–mantle interactions and granitoid diversification, especially at the end of the Archaean, accompanied by insights into metamorphic rocks. This volume, together with present research, provides evidence for a change in global tectonic regime close to the Archaean–Proterozoic boundary. After the long-term episodic formation of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suites of oceanic origin, convergent continental margins with abundant batholiths of potassic granitoids appeared for the first time at 3.0–2.5 Ga. The batholiths involve both mantle-derived and recycled crustal material. It seems that the diversification of granitoids was caused by increased crust–mantle interactions, reflecting a significant change in mantle dynamics and plate tectonics during the Neoarchaean.