bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy of architectural elements in a buried volcanic system and implications for hydrocarbon exploration
Authors: Bischoff Alan Patrick , Nicol Andrew , Beggs Mac 
Published: April 2017

The interaction between magmatism and sedimentation creates a range of petroleum plays at different stratigraphic levels due to the emplacement and burial of volcanoes. This study characterizes the spatio-temporal distribution of the fundamental building blocks (i.e., architectural elements) of a buried volcano and enclosing sedimentary strata to provide insights for hydrocarbon exploration in volcanic systems. We use a large data set of wells and seismic reflection surveys from the offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, compared with outcropping volcanic systems worldwide to demonstrate the local impacts of magmatism on the evolution of the host sedimentary basin and petroleum system. We discover the architecture of Kora volcano, a Miocene andesitic polygenetic stratovolcano that is currently buried by more than 1000 m of sedimentary strata and hosts a subcommercial discovery within volcanogenic deposits. The 22 individual architectural elements have been characterized within three main stratigraphic sequences of the Kora volcanic system. These sequences are referred to as premagmatic (predate magmatism), synmagmatic (defined by the occurrence of intrusive, eruptive, and sedimentary architectural elements), and postmagmatic (degradation and burial of the volcanic structures after magmatism ceased). Potential petroleum plays were identified based on the distribution of the architectural elements and on the geologic circumstances resulting from the interaction between magmatism and sedimentation. At the endogenous level, emplacement of magma forms structural traps, such as drag folds and strata jacked up above intrusions. At the exogenous level, syneruptive, intereruptive, and postmagmatic processes mainly form stratigraphic and paleogeomorphic traps, such as interbedded volcano-sedimentary deposits, and upturned pinchout of volcanogenic and nonvolcanogenic coarse-grained deposits onto the volcanic edifice. Potential reservoirs are located at systematic vertical and lateral distances from eruptive centers. We have determined that identifying the architectural elements of buried volcanoes is necessary for building predictive models and for derisking hydrocarbon exploration in sedimentary basins affected by magmatism.
All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Diabetes Under Treatment With Dapagliflozin: A Population-Based, Open-Cohort Study in The Health Improvement Network Database
Authors: Toulis Konstantinos A. , Willis Brian H. , Marshall Tom , Kumarendran Balachadran , Gokhale Krishna , Ghosh Sandip , Thomas G. Neil , Cheng Kar Keung , Narendran Parth , Hanif Wasim , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
Empagliflozin was found to decrease mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) event.

Objectives:
To establish whether these benefits can be replicated in a real-world setting, should be expected with the use of dapagliflozin, and apply to T2DM patients at low risk of CVD.

Design:
General practice, population-based, retrospective cohort study (January 2013 to September 2015).

Setting:
The Health Improvement Network database.

Participants:
A total of 22,124 T2DM patients (4444 exposed to dapagliflozin; 17,680 unexposed T2DM patients) matched for age, sex, body mass index, T2DM duration, and smoking.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (high and low risk for CVD) in the total study population, expressed as the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). As a secondary analysis in the low-risk population, all-cause mortality and incident CVD were considered.

Results:
Patients with T2DM exposed to dapagliflozin were significantly less likely to die of any cause (aIRR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.75; P = 0.001). Similarly, in low-risk patients, death from any cause was significantly lower in the cohort exposed to dapagliflozin (aIRR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.78; P = 0.002). The difference in the risk of incident CVD did not reach statistical significance between groups in low-risk patients (aIRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.31; P = 0.546).

Conclusions:
Patients with T2DM who were exposed to dapagliflozin had a lower risk of death from any cause irrespective of baseline CVD status.
Risk Profile of the RET A883F Germline Mutation: An International Collaborative Study
Authors: Mathiesen Jes Sloth , Habra Mouhammed Amir , Bassett John Howard Duncan , Choudhury Sirazum Mubin , Balasubramanian Sabapathy Prakash , Howlett Trevor A. , Robinson Bruce G. , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Castinetti Frederic , Vestergaard Peter , Frank-Raue Karin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
The A883F germline mutation of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene causes multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B. In the revised American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the A883F mutation has been reclassified from the highest to the high-risk level, although no well-defined risk profile for this mutation exists.

Objective:
To create a risk profile for the A883F mutation for appropriate classification among the ATA risk levels.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
International collaboration.

Patients:
Included were 13 A883F carriers.

Intervention:
The intervention was thyroidectomy.

Main Outcome Measures:
Earliest age of MTC, regional lymph node metastases, distant metastases, age-related penetrance of MTC and pheochromocytoma (PHEO), overall and disease-specific survival, and biochemical cure rate.

Results:
One and three carriers were diagnosed at age 7 to 9 years (median, 7.5 years) with a normal thyroid and C-cell hyperplasia, respectively. Nine carriers were diagnosed with MTC at age 10 to 39 years (median, 19 years). The earliest age of MTC, regional lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis was 10, 20, and 20 years, respectively. Fifty percent penetrance of MTC and PHEO was achieved by age 19 and 34 years, respectively. Five- and 10-year survival rates (both overall and disease specific) were 88% and 88%, respectively. Biochemical cure for MTC at latest follow-up was achieved in 63% (five of eight carriers) with pertinent data.

Conclusions:
MTC of A883F carriers seems to have a more indolent natural course compared with that of M918T carriers. Our results support the classification of the A883F mutation in the ATA high-risk level.
Principlism: when values conflict
Authors: Lindridge Jacqualine 
Published: April 2017

To ensure morally justified decisions, clinicians are encouraged to apply ethical theories and frameworks. Beauchamp and Childress’ ‘Four Principles’ approach to medical ethics, or ‘Principlism’ for short, is highly regarded as a simple methodology for considering ethical dilemmas, and is common to many undergraduate clinical programmes. On occasion, ethical dilemmas are complex and one or more of the four principles come into conflict with each other. Critics of the approach have suggested that there is a lack of guidance on how to resolve this conflict. This paper will argue that principlism facilitates an organised and thorough method of reflecting upon an ethical problem and is well suited to the pre-hospital setting. The problem of how to resolve conflicts between the principles will be explored, demonstrating the merit of the approach through its application to a real-life moral problem from the pre-hospital setting.
Energy Demo(S): Towards a Rhthmanalysis of Capital and Extraction
Authors: Janzen David W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Emerging social and political movements are challenging the violence perpetrated by capital’s exploitation of the planet’s resources. Yet, a collective response requires a re-imagining of this systemic exploitation through new representative forms. Incorporating creative-research sound experiments, this article suggests that rhythm, understood in a broad, material sense, provides a starting point for the project of reimaging environmental representation.
Creative Publics: DIY Political Culture and the 2015 Canadian Federal Election
Authors: Mahoney Tara 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article draws on a sample of do-it-yourself (DIY) engagement projects created by citizens leading up to the 2015 federal election to illustrate the myriad of ways Canadians used participatory politics and cultural production to assert new forms agency in the 2015 federal election. Drawing on my own election-related field study, Creative Publics, as well as the literature on citizenship studies and participatory politics, I explore the possibility of a significant shift in Canadian political culture towards a more expressive, critical and potentially transformative approach to political engagement.
Geschlechterverhältnisse in Digitalisierungsprozessen von Arbeit
Authors: Kutzner Edelgard , Schnier Victoria 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Digitalisierung der Arbeit ist auch ein Thema sozialwissenschaftlicher Arbeitsforschung. Hier finden derzeit zahlreiche, eher tastende Bewegungen in unterschiedliche Richtungen statt. Die Aussagen über erwartete Arbeitsmarkteffekte und die Gestaltbarkeit von Arbeit bis hin zu den Grenzen der Digitalisierung sind bislang jedoch widersprüchlich und teilweise stark an technischer Realisierbarkeit orientiert. Möglichkeiten für Veränderungen im Geschlechterverhältnis werden im Digitalisierungsdiskurs eher marginal berührt. Ziel des Artikels ist es, geschlechterbezogene Fragen mit Fragestellungen der Arbeitsforschung zum Thema Digitalisierung zu verknüpfen und anhand eines konkreten Beispiels anschaulich darzustellen. Der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung liegt auf geschlechtersensiblen inhaltlichen Einfluss- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten in Prozessen der Digitalisierung von Arbeit. Dazu werden einige eher konzeptionelle Überlegungen zum Zusammenhang von Arbeit und Geschlecht vorgestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit Impulsen für die aktuelle Debatte um die Digitalisierung von Arbeit.
Arctic marine fungi: from filaments and flagella to operational taxonomic units and beyond
Authors: Rämä Teppo , Hassett Brandon T. , Bubnova Ekaterina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFungi have evolved mechanisms to function in the harsh conditions of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas. Despite the ecological and industrial potential of these fungi and the unique species discovered in the cold seas, Arctic marine fungi remain poorly characterised, with only 33 publications available to date. In this review, we present a list of 100 morphologically identified species of marine fungi detected in the Arctic. Independent molecular studies, applying Sanger or high-throughput sequencing (HTS), have detected hundreds of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in single substrates, with no evidence for decreased richness of marine fungi towards northern latitudes. The dominant fungal phyla may be substrate-specific, as sea-ice and seawater seem to host more Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota than Ascomycota-dominated driftwood and sediments. Molecular studies have revealed the presence of the Chytridiomycota and Leotiomycetes in Arctic waters, with mounting evidence suggesting a significant role in nutrient and carbon cycling. The high detection frequency of Leotiomycetes is partly due to OTUs from marine
Fibrinogen determination according to Clauss: commutability assessment of International and commercial standards and quality control samples
Authors: van den Besselaar Antonius M.H.P. , van Rijn Claudia J.J. , Cobbaert Christa M. , Reijnierse G. Louis A. , Hollestelle Martine J. , Niessen René W.L.M. , Hudig Francisca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Many clinical laboratories use a clotting rate assay according to Clauss for the determination of fibrinogen in citrated plasma. The aim of the present study was to assess the commutability of the current International Standard for fibrinogen (coded 09/264), three commercial fibrinogen standards, and 10 freeze-dried plasma quality control samples from various sources.Methods:Clotting rate assays according to Clauss were performed on three automated instruments (Sysmex CA1500, STA-Rack Evolution and ACL-Top 700), using three commercial thrombin reagents (Siemens, Stago, and Instrumentation Laboratory). Relationships between the results obtained with the three instruments were determined with 25 fresh-frozen plasma samples obtained from patients. The deviations of the assay results obtained with the freeze-dried samples were compared with the deviations obtained with the fresh-frozen samples, according to approved CLSI guideline C53A.Results:Freezing and thawing had no influence on the assay results. There were significant differences in the mean assay results (fibrinogen, g/L) for the fresh-frozen plasma samples between the three automated instruments: 2.51 (STA-Rack Evolution), 2.25 (ACL-Top 700) and 2.20 (Sysmex CA1500). Similar differences were observed for several freeze-dried plasma samples. Some freeze-dried plasma samples, including the International Standard, were out of the 95% confidence interval for the relationship between STA-Rack Evolution and Sysmex CA1500.Conclusions:Some freeze-dried plasmas including the international standard for fibrinogen are not commutable among automated instruments for fibrinogen clotting rate assays according to Clauss. Our results have consequences for all interested parties in the traceability chain (WHO, industry, external quality assessment schemes, clinical laboratories).
Combined measurement of factor XIII and D-dimer is helpful for differential diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Tang Ning , Sun Ziyong , Li Dengju , Yang Jun , Yin Shiyu , Guan Qing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:D-dimer has been used to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE). Based on previous reports of decreased concentrations of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) in venous thromboembolism, and no change in FXIII concentration in patients with acute cardiovascular disease, we evaluated the benefit of simultaneously measuring D-dimer and FXIII concentrations for diagnosing PE.Methods:In this prospective single-center study, we enrolled 209 patients initially suspected of having PE, and measured their D-dimer and FXIII concentrations. Forty-one patients were diagnosed with PE and 168 with other final diagnoses, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS); aortic dissection (AD); spontaneous pneumothorax (SP); other respiratory, heart, digestive and nervous diseases; and uncertain diagnoses.Results:Patients with PE had significantly higher D-dimer and lower FXIII concentrations than did patients without PE. Combined D-dimer and FXIII measurements provided a higher positive predictive value (76.6%) for PE than single tests, especially in patients with Wells score >4.0 (89.3%). Specifically, patients with AD or ACS showed higher FXIII concentrations and mean platelet volumes than did patients with PE or SP, and patients with PE and AD had higher D-dimer concentrations than did other patients. At the thresholds of 69.0% for FXIII and 1.10 μg/mL for D-dimer, 123/151 patients (81.5%) with serious diseases (PE, AD, ACS and SP) were correctly distinguished.Conclusions:Combined measurement of D-dimer and FXIII helps distinguish PE from serious diseases with similar symptoms and appears to relate to increased FXIII release from active platelets in cardiovascular disease.
Are admission procalcitonin levels universal mortality predictors across different medical emergency patient populations? Results from the multi-national, prospective, observational TRIAGE study
Authors: Sager Ramon , Wirz Yannick , Amin Devendra , Amin Adina , Hausfater Pierre , Huber Andreas , Haubitz Sebastian , Kutz Alexander , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Procalcitonin (PCT), an inflammatory blood biomarker, is well studied in infectious diseases. Its prognostic value in unselected emergency department (ED) patients remains yet undefined. Herein, we investigated association of admission PCT levels and mortality in a large, international-multicenter ED patient cohort.Methods:We prospectively enrolled 6970 unselected, consecutive, adult, medical patients seeking ED care in three tertiary-care hospitals in Switzerland, France and the USA. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine association of admission PCT levels (as a continuous predictor and across cut-offs) and 30-day mortality. We also investigated subgroup effects by main diagnosis, comorbidities and clinical features at presentation.Results:During the 30-day follow-up, 328 (4.7%) participants died. Mortality increased stepwise within higher PCT cut-offs (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 ng/mL) from 1%, 3%, 7%, 13% to 15%, respectively. This association was also confirmed in a fully-adjusted model including age, gender, main symptom, main diagnosis and vital parameters on admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that PCT differentiated well between survivors and non-survivors in the overall cohort (area under ROC curve [AUC] 0.75) with best results for patient with metabolic (AUC: 0.85) and cardiovascular disease (AUC: 0.82). Addition of PCT also improved the prognostic accuracy of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score from an AUC of from 0.61 to 0.76 (p<0.001). Results were similar for other secondary endpoints including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and hospital readmission.Conclusions:In this large and heterogenous medical ED patient cohort, admission PCT was a strong and independent outcome predictor for 30-day mortality across different medical diagnoses independent of underlying infection. PCT may help to improve risk stratification in unselected medical ED patients.
Plasma kisspeptin and ghrelin levels in puberty variant cases
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Şen Yaşar , Aydın Süleyman 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of kisspeptin and ghrelin (GAH), as well as the relationship of these two peptides with each other in premature thelarche (PT) and premature adrenarche (PA) cases and to investigate the possibility of using these peptides as markers in the differentiation of puberty disorders.Methods:A PT group aged 1–8 years (n = 40), a PA group aged 1–9 years (n = 23, female/male = 20/3) and control groups consistent with each of the previous groups in terms of age and gender were created for the study. Kisspeptin and ghrelin levels were measured with ELISA methods from blood samples drawn while fasting in the morning.Results:When the PT group was compared with the controls, the plasma kisspeptin levels of the cases were significantly higher than the control group (165.47 ± 15.45 pmol/L, 96.82 ± 12.33 pmol/L, p = 0.005, respectively). Kisspeptin levels in the PA group did not show a difference with the control group (121.36 ± 17.99 pmol/L, 95.52 ± 11.54 pmol/L, p = 0.249, respectively). No significant difference could be found when GAH levels in the PT and PA groups were compared with controls. No significant correlation was found between kisspeptin and GAH levels in the PT and PA groups.Conclusions:Our results indicate that kisspeptin plays an important role in the PT, but GAH is not associated with puberty disorders.
Impact of European wild rabbits foraging in different habitat and vegetation types in an insular environment
Authors: Kontsiotis Vasileios J. , Bakaloudis Dimitrios E. , Liordos Vasilios 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are prolific herbivores, affecting natural and agricultural ecosystems. We installed 10 experimental units, each consisting of two fenced plots, one excluding all herbivores and one allowing rabbit access only, to estimate the impact of rabbit grazing in three vegetation types occurring in two dominant habitat types on Lemnos Island, Greece. Plant productivity was significantly higher in barley crops than on both fallow land and Mediterranean scrublands. Rabbit grazing caused significant reduction of productivity in barley crops and Mediterranean scrublands, but not on fallow land. Selective feeding and seasonal food availability may have shaped patterns of rabbit impact.
Advanced Life Support Research and Technology Transfer at the University of Guelph
Authors: Dixon M. , Stasiak M. , Rondeau T. , Graham T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Research and technology developments surrounding Advanced Life-Support (ALS) began at the University of Guelph in 1992 as the Space and Advanced Life Support Agriculture (SALSA) program, which now represents Canada’s primary contribution to ALS research. The early focus was on recycling hydroponic nutrient solutions, atmospheric gas analysis and carbon balance, sensor research and development, inner/intra-canopy lighting and biological filtration of air in closed systems. With funding from federal, provincial and industry partners, a new generation of technology emerged to address the challenges of deploying biological systems as fundamental components of life-support infrastructure for long-duration human space exploration. Accompanying these advances were a wide range of technology transfer opportunities in the agri-food and health sectors, including air and water remediation, plant and environment sensors, disinfection technologies, recyclable growth substrates and advanced light emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. This report traces the evolution of the SALSA program and catalogues the benefits of ALS research for terrestrial and non-terrestrial applications.
Food waste valorization options: opportunities from the bioeconomy
Authors: Imbert Enrica 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The world is confronted with the depletion of natural resources due to their unsustainable use, increased global competiveness, increasing population and other environmental and economic challenges. Under the European 2020 growth strategy launched in 2010, Europe has set itself the goal of shifting from linear to circular models of production and consumption. In this context, food waste management poses a great challenge. This study focusses on the possible destinations for food waste, specifically, on the most sustainable practices that turn waste into valuable resources. Particular attention is devoted to the potential offered by fast-growing sectors such as the bioeconomy, which is contributing to increased energy and materials production with reduced environmental impact, at the same time creating new job opportunities. In this paper we will argue that an holistic approach considering the issue of food wastage as part of a broader emerging bio-economy and circular-economic model, might provide win-win solutions able to minimize wastage, promote income growth and job creation, and prompt sustainable local development. However, in order to enable an effective transition to a circular bioeconomy able to minimize the impact of food wastage, the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of this new model must be properly evaluated through appropriate tools, e.g. through an overall Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA).