bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Política de combate dos efeitos da Seca no Semiárido Potiguar: o caso de Riacho do Sangue em Macaíba(RN), 2002-2010 / Policy to combat to effects of Drought in the Semiárido Potiguar: the case of Riacho do Sangue in Macaíba(RN), 2002-2010
Authors: Da Silva Figueiredo Suzete Câmara , Saraiva Júnior João Correia , FIGUEIREDO JONILSON DE SOUZA 
Published: March 2016

<p>O Rio Grande do Norte, juntamente com o Ceará e a Paraíba são os estados que detêm o maior percentual de área no semiárido. No Rio Grande do Norte-RN, apenas 20 municípios não pertencem a esta região. Os processos históricos de degradação em consonância às características naturais levam a um quadro de atenção no semiárido potiguar, cujas políticas públicas são importantes no controle e mitigação desses efeitos. Pretende-se, portanto, analisar a Política de Combate dos efeitos da Seca no Semiárido Potiguar, para compreender de que forma esta política se territorializa e se esse processo de fato ocorre, por meio de um estudo exploratório, via delineamentos bibliográfico e documental, subsidiado por estudo de caso em Riacho do Sangue, Macaíba/RN. Os resultados apontam que em Riacho do Sangue essa política não é territorial e os programas PCPR I e PCPR II conseguiram apenas alcançar uma de suas metas: promover o acesso a água a população e mitigar os efeitos da seca de forma branda.</p><p><strong>P</strong><strong>alavras-chave:</strong> Política Pública, Semiárido Potiguar, PCPR I, PCPR II.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The Rio Grande do Norte, along with Ceará and Paraíba States which have the highest percentage of area in the semi-arid. In Rio Grande do Norte-RN, only 20 municipalities do not belong to this region. The historical processes of degradation in keeping natural characteristics lead to a framework for attention in the semi-arid potiguar, whose public policies are important in the control and mitigation of those effects. It is intended, therefore, to analyse the policy to combat the effects of drought in the Semi-arid Potiguar, to understand how this policy if territorializa and if this process actually occurs by means of an exploratory study, via bibliographic and documentary delineations, subsidized by case study in Riacho do Sangue, Macaíba/RN. The indicator results in Riacho do Sangue that is not territorial political and programs get to reach only PCPR I and PCPR II one of its goals: to promote access to water for population and to mitigate the effects of drought in mild form.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Public Policy, Semiárido Potiguar, PCPR I, PCPR II.<strong> </strong></p>
O conforto térmico humano na primavera-verão em Santa Maria – RS / The human thermal comfort in the spring-summer in Santa Maria - RS
Authors: Gobo João Paulo Assis , Galvani Emerson 
Published: March 2016

<p>A presente pesquisa avaliou as condições de conforto térmico humano no estado em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, com base na dinâmica atmosférica regional para anos-padrão classificados como mais chuvoso, menos chuvoso e habitual, em meses representativos de primavera e verão. Para tal, utilizou-se da base de dados climáticos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), sob a qual procedeu-se a construção do banco de dados, no qual foi atribuído o de Temperatura Resultante (TR). Verificou-se que os sistemas atmosféricos atuantes não exercem expressiva influência sobre as situações de conforto térmico humano em Santa Maria nos meses representativos de primavera e verão, pois estes são atenuados pelos fatores geográficos que tornam-se os principais responsáveis pela definição das zonas de conforto.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> conforto térmico humano; dinâmica atmosférica; anos-padrão.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study evaluated the human thermal comfort in the Rio Grande do Sul state in Santa Maria city, based on regional atmospheric dynamics in the years classified as standard rainier, less rainy and customary in representative months of spring and summer. Thus, was used the weather data base of the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) under which was realized the construct the database, where it was assigned the resulting temperature (RT). It was found that the active weather systems do not exert significant influence on human thermal comfort conditions in Santa Maria on representative months of spring and summer. These aspects are mitigated by the geographic factors that make up the primary responsibility for defining the comfort zones.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: human thermal comfort; atmospheric dynamics; standard years.</p>
Cancer Stem Cell-Based Models of Colorectal Cancer Reveal Molecular Determinants of Therapy Resistance
Authors: De Angelis Maria Laura , Zeuner Ann , Policicchio Eleonora , Russo Giorgio , Bruselles Alessandro , Signore Michele , Vitale Sara , De Luca Gabriele , Pilozzi Emanuela , Boe Alessandra , Stassi Giorgio , Ricci-Vitiani Lucia , Amoreo Carla Azzurra , Pagliuca Alfredo , Francescangeli Federica , Tartaglia Marco , De Maria Ruggero , Baiocchi Marta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy mainly relies on the use of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs combined, in a subset of patients, with epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]-targeting agents. Although CRC is considered a prototype of a cancer stem cell (CSC)-driven tumor, the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment are largely unknown. We have optimized a protocol for colorectal CSC isolation that allowed us to obtain CSC-enriched cultures from primary tumor specimens, with high efficiency. CSC isolation was followed by in vitro and in vivo validation, genetic characterization, and drug sensitivity analysis, thus generating panels of CSC lines with defined patterns of genetic mutations and therapy sensitivity. Colorectal CSC lines were polyclonal and maintained intratumor heterogeneity in terms of somatically acquired mutations and differentiation state. Such CSC-enriched cultures were used to investigate the effects of both conventional and targeted therapies on the CSC compartment in vivo and to generate a proteomic picture of signaling pathways implicated in sensitivity/resistance to anti-EGFR agents. We propose CSC lines as a sound preclinical framework to test the effects of therapies in vitro and in vivo and to identify novel determinants of therapy resistance.

Significance
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be responsible for tumor propagation, metastatic dissemination, and relapse. However, molecular pathways present in CSCs, as well as mechanisms of therapy resistance, are mostly unknown. Taking advantage of genetically characterized CSC lines derived from colorectal tumors, this study provides an extensive analysis of CSC response to EGFR-targeted therapy in vivo and an overview of factors implicated in therapy response or resistance. Furthermore, the implementation of a biobank of molecularly annotated CSC lines provides an innovative resource for future investigations in colorectal cancer.
L’intervention entre espoirs et échecs
Authors: Badie Bertrand 
Published: March 2016

L’intervention militaire dans le conflit des autres a inauguré, dès la chute du Mur, une thématique nouvelle en Relations internationales qui mêlait la volonté d’enrichir les dispositifs de « conflict solving » et de mettre en place une véritable « diplomatie transformationnelle » ayant pour objectif de changer et d’améliorer les régimes politiques des autres. Dans l’euphorie d’une bipolarité disparue, le projet paraissait audacieux mais prometteur : il bouleversait les canons souverainistes, mais il relançait aussi la double idée de gendarme du monde et de projet émancipateur des peuples souffrants. Le point d’aboutissement de ce processus intellectuel et politique se trouve incontestablement dans l’idée-phare de la responsabilité de protéger, édictée en 2001. Pour autant, le bilan est loin d’être convaincant : fin plutôt que moyen et finalité de puissance plus que finalité de régulation. La pratique suggère bien des échecs, des effets pervers et surtout un énorme décalage par rapport à la nature nouvelle des conflits visés. Ce désordre, souvent occulté, implique que soient posées, à propos de cette démarche nouvelle, trois questions encore oubliées : qui est habilité à intervenir, comment et pourquoi ?
À la croisée du droit des obligations et de l’ingénierie financière — Remarques sur la nécessité sociale de l’analyse juridique
Authors: Forray Vincent 
Published: March 2016

Ce texte propose un croisement entre le droit des obligations et certaines techniques de l’ingénierie financière qui se sont révélées au public lors de la grande crise de 2007 : la titrisation des créances et le crédit dérivé. Il en ressort à un premier niveau de lecture que, si ces techniques correspondent à la structure de l’obligation juridique lorsqu’on considère l’opération de financement qu’elles configurent, elles ont aussi vocation à déstabiliser cette structure lorsqu’on considère la logique du refinancement qui les anime. À un second niveau de lecture, ce travail indique la nécessité de recourir à l’analyse juridique afin de pousser notre compréhension de certains phénomènes sociaux, tels que la crise financière en question. Il suggère que les intermédiaires conceptuels, culturels ou sémiotiques du droit, ainsi que l’ensemble de ses tropes, sont plus profondément implantés dans la culture, le langage et l’appareil conceptuel de nos sociétés qu’au niveau de la règle, du jugement ou de l’exercice du pouvoir politique.
La loi applicable à la responsabilité du fabricant en droit international privé canadien et européen
Authors: Laganière Guillaume 
Published: March 2016

L’auteur aborde l’épineuse question de la loi applicable à la responsabilité du fabricant en droit international privé. Adoptant l’approche du droit comparé mais examinant plus particulièrement l’article 3128 du Code civil du Québec, il soutient que la loi applicable à cette question devrait être celle du lieu du domicile ou de la résidence de la victime, ou encore la loi du lieu où le dommage a été subi si le produit en cause y a été commercialisé. Le texte débute par un aperçu des régimes en vigueur au Québec, dans les autres provinces canadiennes et en Europe. L’auteur se penche par la suite sur quatre facteurs de rattachement fréquemment invoqués, soit l’établissement ou la résidence du fabricant, le domicile ou la résidence de la victime, le lieu d’acquisition du bien et le lieu du délit. Enfin, l’auteur propose une version remodelée de l’article 3128.
Une autonomie collective sous contraintes : l’exercice de la grève et du lock-out dans l’industrie québécoise de la construction
Authors: Bilodeau Pier-Luc 
Published: March 2016

Depuis 1968, les relations du travail dans l’industrie québécoise de la construction sont encadrées par un régime d’exception au Code du travail, prévu dans la Loi sur les relations du travail, la formation professionnelle et la gestion de la main-d’oeuvre dans l’industrie de la construction. En plus des contraintes très strictes contenues dans ce régime en ce qui a trait au recours à la grève ou au lock-out, le législateur semble avoir renoué, depuis 2013, avec une pratique délaissée au milieu des années 90 : l’adoption systématique de lois spéciales de retour au travail. L’examen de l’importance du secteur d’activité et de la conflictualité patronale-syndicale que l’on y observe depuis 20 ans soulève de nombreuses questions quant au bien-fondé de telles mesures extraordinaires, particulièrement depuis la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l’arrêt Saskatchewan Federation of Labour c. Saskatchewan.
Do MODIS‐defined dust sources have a geomorphological signature?
Authors: Baddock Matthew C. , Ginoux Paul , Bullard Joanna E. , Gill Thomas E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe preferential dust source (PDS) scheme enables large‐scale mapping of geomorphology in terms of importance for dust emissions but has not been independently tested other than at local scales. We examine the PDS qualitative conceptual model of surface emissivity alongside a quantitative measurement of dust loading from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Collection 6 for the Chihuahuan Desert. The predicted ranked importance of each geomorphic type for dust emissions is compared with the actual ranked importance as determined from the satellite‐derived dust loading. For this region, the predicted variability and magnitude of dust emissions from most surface types present coincides with the observed characteristics demonstrating the significance of geomorphological controls on emission. The exception is for areas of low magnitude but persistent emissions such as alluvial surfaces where PDS overpredicts dustiness. As PDS is a good predictor of emissions and incorporates surface dynamics it could improve models of future dust emissions.
Increasing influence of air temperature on upper Colorado River streamflow
Authors: Woodhouse Connie A. , Pederson Gregory T. , Morino Kiyomi , McAfee Stephanie A. , McCabe Gregory J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis empirical study examines the influence of precipitation, temperature, and antecedent soil moisture on upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) water year streamflow over the past century. While cool season precipitation explains most of the variability in annual flows, temperature appears to be highly influential under certain conditions, with the role of antecedent fall soil moisture less clear. In both wet and dry years, when flow is substantially different than expected given precipitation, these factors can modulate the dominant precipitation influence on streamflow. Different combinations of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture can result in flow deficits of similar magnitude, but recent droughts have been amplified by warmer temperatures that exacerbate the effects of relatively modest precipitation deficits. Since 1988, a marked increase in the frequency of warm years with lower flows than expected, given precipitation, suggests continued warming temperatures will be an increasingly important influence in reducing future UCRB water supplies.
Seismic slip history of the Pizzalto fault (central Apennines, Italy) using in situ‐produced36Cl cosmic ray exposure dating and rare earth element concentrations
Authors: Tesson J. , Pace B. , Benedetti L. , Visini F. , Delli Rocioli M. , Arnold M. , Aumaître G. , Bourlès D. L. , Keddadouche K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMorphological and geological observations reveal that most Apenninic faults are highly segmented and that the majority of the fault segments are less than 10 km long. Although these faults have undergone numerous paleoseismological investigations, quantitative data remain crucially lacking for a large number of fault segments. Because such data are essential to understanding how these faults have ruptured and interacted in the past and how they might behave in the future, we investigated the Holocene seismic history of the Pizzalto normal fault, a 13 km long fault segment belonging to the Pizzalto‐Rotella‐Aremogna fault system in the Apennines. We collected 44 samples from the Pizzalto fault plane exhumed during the Holocene and analyzed the36Cl and rare earth element (REE) contents. Together, the36Cl and REE concentrations show that at least six events have exhumed 4.4 m of the fault scarp between 3 and 1 ka, with slip per event values ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 m. No major events have been detected over the last 1 kyr. The Rotella‐Aremogna‐Pizzalto fault system has a clustered earthquake behavior with a mean recurrence time of 1.2 kyr and a low to moderate probability (ranging from 4% to 26%) of earthquake occurrence over the next 50 years.
Investigation of sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at Mount Lushan in southern China
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wang Yan , Li Hongli , Zhu Chen , Mao Huiting , Yang Minmin , Wang Ruixia , Wang Wenxing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGaseous and particulate samples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected at the summit of Mount Lushan (29.58°N, 115.98°E, 1165 m asl) in southern China from August to September of 2011 and March to May of 2012 except special meteorological conditions such as rainy or very foggy days. The concentration of PAHs in total (gaseous and particulate PAHs) ranged from 15.79 to 160.53 ng m−3 (mean 41.67 ng m−3). Observed logarithmic values of particulate mass fraction (log θ) and partitioning coefficient (log Kp) were all higher than values calculated by the three gas‐particle partitioning models, presenting higher fraction of particulate PAHs, indicating continual contribution of gaseous PAHs to particulate PAHs concentrations during long‐range transport of air masses. Identified potential source regions using potential source contribution function analysis suggested significant contributions of emissions from coking, thermal power, and steel plants. The sources of PAHs levels at Mount Lushan that were identified using positive matrix factorization included diesel vehicles (43%), coal‐fired boiler combustion (33%), coke oven source (17%), and incineration source (7%).
Asian irrigation, African rain: Remote impacts of irrigation
Authors: de Vrese Philipp , Hagemann Stefan , Claussen Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIrrigation is not only vital for global food security but also constitutes an anthropogenic land use change, known to have strong effects on local hydrological and energy cycles. Using the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Earth System Model, we show that related impacts are not confined regionally but that possibly as much as 40% of the present‐day precipitation in some of the arid regions in Eastern Africa are related to irrigation‐based agriculture in Asia. Irrigation in South Asia also substantially influences the climate throughout Southeast Asia and China via the advection of water vapor and by altering the Asian monsoon. The simulated impact of irrigation on remote regions is sensitive to the magnitude of the irrigation‐induced moisture flux. Therefore, it is likely that a future extension or decline of irrigated areas due to increasing food demand or declining fresh water resources will also affect precipitation and temperatures in remote regions.
Optimal designing of polyurethane‐based nanocomposite system for aerostat envelope
Authors: Chatterjee U. , Butola B. S. , Joshi M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis article reports an optimal designing of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite formulation, particularly targeting aerostat envelope for enhanced weathering and gas barrier properties. The synergistic effect of conventional UV protective additive with advanced nano materials (i.e. nanoclay and graphene) on TPU‐based formulations was explored. A series of formulations were prepared in accordance with a mixture design for three components additives (UV stabilizer, nanoclay, and graphene) and coated on to a woven polyester (PET) fabric. The coated systems were evaluated for resistance to UV radiation, resistance to helium gas permeability, and loss in both the properties against accelerated artificial weathering. The composition of the additive mixture was simultaneously optimized by desirability function approach with a view to maximize UV radiation protection and minimize helium gas permeability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43529.
POSS‐based fluorinated azobenzene‐containing polymers: Photo‐responsive behavior and evaluation of water repellency
Authors: Chen Liang , He Chuanglong , Huang Yangen , Huang Jianbao , Zhang Yanzhong , Gao Yu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe photoresponsive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) based fluorinated azobenzene‐containing polymers were prepared and characterized by NMR, FT‐IR, GPC, XRD, TG and UV–Vis spectra. The thermal property of the polymers was improved by the introduction of POSS cage. The trans‐cis photoisomerization of the polymers in solution was similar to that of the fluorinated azobenzene monomer and in accordance with the first‐order reaction kinetics equation within the first 250 seconds UV irradiation. The cotton fabrics coated with the polymers showed excellent water repellency and possessed switchable wettability under UV irradiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43540.
Enhanced water flux through ultrafiltration polysulfone membrane via addition‐removal of silica nano‐particles: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Habibi Samin , Nematollahzadeh Ali 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present paper, hierarchically structured ultrafiltration polysulfone (PSf) membrane was prepared to explore the effect of addition and subsequent removal of SiO2 nano‐particles on the membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, and separation properties. The PSf based membranes namely PSf, PSf/SiO2 and PSf/WSiO2 (i.e. SiO2 nano‐particles was acid‐washed and removed from PSf/SiO2), were synthesized and characterized by different characterization methods. Pure water flux through the membranes was determined using a filtration unit operating at a continuous dead‐end flow mode. The modification enhanced the morphology, hydrophobicity, porosity and transport properties of the modified membranes, although the molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of the membranes was not changed considerably. In comparison, PSf/WSiO2 membrane exhibited excellent pure water flux (about 4.5 times the flux of PSf, and 17 times the flux of PSf/SiO2), although antifouling property of PSf/SiO2 in separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was better than that of PSf and PSf/WSiO2 membranes. The results suggested that the addition/removal of sacrificial solid fillers within/from a membrane matrix may provide a promising strategy to enhance PSf membrane transport property. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43556.
Exfoliating and Dispersing Few‐Layered Graphene in Low‐Boiling‐Point Organic Solvents towards Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Zhang Lu , Miao Zhongshuo , Hao Zhen , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWith normal organic surfactants, graphene can only be dispersed in water and cannot be dispersed in low‐boiling‐point organic solvents, which hampers its application in solution‐processed organic optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report the exfoliation of graphite into graphene in low‐boiling‐point organic solvents, for example, methanol and acetone, by using edge‐carboxylated graphene quantum dots (ECGQD) as the surfactant. The great capability of ECGQD for graphene dispersion is due to its ultralarge π‐conjugated unit that allows tight adhesion on the graphene surface through strong π–π interactions, its edge‐carboxylated structure that diminishes the steric effects of the oxygen‐containing functional groups on the basal plane of ECGQD, and its abundance of carboxylic acid groups for solubility. The graphene dispersion in methanol enables the application of graphene:ECGQD as a cathode interlayer in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the PSC device performance of graphene:ECGQD is better than that of Ca, the state‐of‐the‐art cathode interlayer material.
Dual‐Reactable Fluorescent Probes for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Biological H2S
Authors: Wei Chao , Wang Runyu , Zhang Changyu , Xu Guoce , Li Yanyan , Zhang Qiang‐Zhe , Li Lu‐Yuan , Yi Long , Xi Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important endogenous signaling molecule with a variety of biological functions. Development of fluorescent probes for highly selective and sensitive detection of H2S is necessary. We show here that dual‐reactable fluorescent H2S probes could react with higher selectivity than single‐reactable probes. One of the dual‐reactable probes gives more than 4000‐fold turn‐on response when reacting with H2S, the largest response among fluorescent H2S probes reported thus far. In addition, the probe could be used for high‐throughput enzymatic assays and for the detection of Cys‐induced H2S in cells and in zebrafish. These dual‐reactable probes hold potential for highly selective and sensitive detection of H2S in biological systems.