bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
53BP1 Contributes to Igh Locus Chromatin Topology during Class Switch Recombination
Authors: Feldman Scott , Wuerffel Robert , Achour Ikbel , Wang Lili , Carpenter Phillip B. , Kenter Amy L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In B lymphocytes, Ig class switch recombination (CSR) is induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which initiates a cascade of events leading to DNA double-strand break formation in switch (S) regions. Resolution of DNA double-strand breaks proceeds through formation of S–S synaptic complexes. S–S synapsis is mediated by a chromatin loop that spans the C region domain of the Igh locus. S–S junctions are joined via a nonhomologous end joining DNA repair process. CSR occurs via an intrachromosomal looping out and deletion mechanism that is 53BP1 dependent. However, the mechanism by which 53BP1 facilitates deletional CSR and inhibits inversional switching events remains unknown. We report a novel architectural role for 53BP1 in Igh chromatin looping in mouse B cells. Long-range interactions between the Eμ and 3′Eα enhancers are significantly diminished in the absence of 53BP1. In contrast, germline transcript promoter:3′Eα looping interactions are unaffected by 53BP1 deficiency. Furthermore, 53BP1 chromatin occupancy at sites in the Igh locus is B cell specific, is correlated with histone H4 lysine 20 marks, and is subject to chromatin spreading. Thus, 53BP1 is required for three-dimensional organization of the Igh locus and provides a plausible explanation for the link with 53BP1 enforcement of deletional CSR.
Child’s Sensory Profile and Adult Playfulness as Predictors of Parental Self-Efficacy
Authors: Román-Oyola Rosa , Reynolds Stacey , Soto-Feliciano Ivonnellys , Cabrera-Mercader Laura , Vega-Santana Jessica 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have difficulty engaging their children through play, thus affecting the parent–child relationship and parental self-efficacy. This study intended to examine children’s sensory profile and adults’ playfulness as predictors of parental self-efficacy. A total of 136 parents of children ages 3–7 yr completed the Short Sensory Profile, the Playfulness Scale for Adults, and the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy. For the parental couples of children with ASD, the most relevant predictor of general parental self-efficacy was the child’s sensory profile. However, adult playfulness resulted in the most relevant predictor of emotional parental self-efficacy. Findings suggest the importance of considering play as a relevant co-occupation that must be acknowledged when intervening with families of children with ASD and considering the child’s sensory modulation abilities, as well as parents’ playfulness and sense of self-efficacy, as potential outcomes when designing and evaluating treatment programs.
Individual-Level Exposure to Residential Redlining in 1940 and Mortality Risk
Authors: Linde Sebastian , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceHistoric redlining, the practice by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) of systematically denying credit to borrowers in neighborhoods that were inhabited by primarily African American individuals, has been associated with poor community outcomes, but the association with individual risk of death is not clear.ObjectiveTo examine if exposure to residential redlining practices by HOLC in 1940 is associated with increased risk of death later in life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe study linked individuals who resided within HOLC-graded neighborhoods (defined as Census Enumeration Districts) in 1940 with administrative death records data. The study estimated hazard ratios as well as age-specific life expectancy gaps (at age 55, 65, and 75 years) for HOLC grading exposure. This was done using methods that adapted standard parametric survival analysis to data with limited mortality coverage windows and incomplete observations of survivors. The analysis sample consisted of 961 719 individual-level observations across 13 912 enumeration districts within 30 of the largest US cities (based on 1940 population counts) across 23 states. Data were analyzed between December 1, 2023, and September 4, 2024.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe exposure was HOLC grade based on historic HOLC maps, with A representing “best” or creditworthy areas; B, “still desirable”; C, “definitely declining”; and D, “hazardous” areas not worthy of credit (ie, redlined), and the main outcome was age at death from the Social Security Numident file.ResultsThe 961 719-person individual sample had a mean (SD) age of 19.26 (9.26) years in 1940 and a mean (SD) age at death of 76.83 (9.22) years. In a model adjusted for sex (52.48% female; 47.52% male), race and ethnicity (7.36% African American; 92.64% White), and latent place effects, a 1-unit lower HOLC grade was associated with an 8% (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.07-1.09]) increased risk of death. At age 65 years, these hazard differentials translated into an estimated life expectancy gap of −0.49 (95% CI, −0.56 to −0.43) years for each 1-unit decrease of the HOLC grade.ConclusionThis study found that individuals who resided within redlined neighborhoods in 1940 had lower life expectancy later in life than individuals who resided within other HOLC-graded areas.
Redlining and Time to Viral Suppression Among Persons With HIV
Authors: Bassler John R. , Ostrenga Lauren , Levitan Emily B. , Kay Emma S. , Long Dustin M. , Mugavero Michael J. , Nassel Ariann F. , Parman Mariel , Tate Miya , Rana Aadia , Batey D. Scott 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceStructural racism in the US is evidenced in the discriminatory practice of historical racial redlining when neighborhoods were valued, in part, based on the community’s racial and ethnic compositions. However, the influence of these systemic practices in the context of the HIV epidemic is not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of redlining on time to viral suppression among people newly diagnosed with HIV.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational study that included individuals diagnosed with HIV from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, in New Orleans, Louisiana. At the time of their HIV diagnosis, these individuals lived in neighborhoods historically mapped by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC). The HOLC lending risk maps classified neighborhoods into 1 of 4 color-coded grades: A (best), B (still desirable), C (definitely declining), and D (hazardous).Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome of interest was time to viral suppression (estimated as the time from the diagnosis date to the date of the first recorded viral load that was &amp;lt;200 copies/mL). Individual-level demographic factors were used to evaluate time to viral suppression along with a neighborhood measure of gentrification (based on US census tract–level characteristics for educational attainment, housing development and value, and household income) and a Cox gamma frailty model with census tract used as the frailty term.ResultsOf 1132 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV, 871 (76.9%) were men and 620 (54.8%) were 25 to 44 years of age. Of the 697 individuals living in historically redlined neighborhoods (HOLC grade D), 100 (14.6%) were living in neighborhoods that were gentrifying. The median time to viral suppression was 193 days (95% CI, 167-223 days) for persons with HIV living in redlined neighborhoods compared with 164 days (95% CI, 143-185 days) for the 435 persons with HIV living in HOLC grade A, B, or C (nonredlined) neighborhoods. Among persons with HIV living in gentrifying neighborhoods, those living in redlined neighborhoods had a longer time to viral suppression compared with persons living in nonredlined neighborhoods (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36-0.82]).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest the enduring effects of systemic racism on present-day health outcomes among persons with HIV. Regardless of their neighborhood’s contemporary level of gentrification, individuals diagnosed with HIV while living in historically redlined neighborhoods may experience a significantly longer time to viral suppression.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminal Charges and Convictions in Mid and Late Adolescence
Authors: Blaabæk Ea Hoppe , Vigild Daniel Juhász , Elwert Felix , Fallesen Peter , Andersen Lars H. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceChildhood exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Individuals with a childhood history of mTBI experience more frequent criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence and adulthood. No study had been conducted to examine whether the link is causal or spurious.ObjectiveTo determine whether mTBI in childhood causes criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used population-based data for all children born between 1995 and 2000 in Denmark, with data linked to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations before age 10 years and all criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 years. The exposure group contained all individuals diagnosed with mTBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries; the comparison group was individuals not diagnosed with mTBI or intracranial or extracranial injuries. Sibling and twin fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association after controlling for family-level confounding. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to July 2024.ExposuresMild TBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries before or at the time of diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAssociations between mTBI before age 10 years and criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 for the entire study population and separately by sex at birth, controlling for additional covariates.ResultsThe final analytic sample consisted of 343 027 individuals, 13 514 in the exposure group and 329 513 in the comparison group. Of the total sample, 166 455 (49%) were female and 176 572 were male (51%). A total of 326 191 participants (95%) had at least 1 parent with Danish citizenship, and 79 386 mothers (23%) held a college degree. There was a positive association between mTBI and criminal charges (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.34) and convictions (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.33). When controlling for family-level confounding, the associations became statistically insignificant and, in most models, greatly reduced. Results were robust across multiple model specifications.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that although mTBI in childhood was predictive of adolescent criminal justice involvement, there was no evidence that mTBI caused criminal charges or convictions.
Exploring prognostic biomarkers in pathological images of colorectal cancer patients via deep learning
Authors: Wei Binshen , Li Linqing , Feng Yenan , Liu Sihan , Fu Peng , Tian Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole slide images provide valuable information for predicting prognostic outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, extracting prognostic indicators from pathological images is challenging due to the subtle complexities of phenotypic information. We trained a weakly supervised deep learning model on data from 640 CRC patients in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial dataset and validated it using data from 522 CRC patients in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset. We created the colorectal cancer risk score (CRCRS) to assess patient prognosis, visualized the pathological phenotype of the risk score using Grad‐CAM, and employed multiomics data from the TCGA CRC cohort to investigate the potential biological mechanisms underlying the risk score. The overall survival analysis revealed that the CRCRS served as an independent prognostic indicator for both the PLCO cohort (p < 0.001) and the TCGA cohort (p < 0.001), with its predictive efficacy remaining unaffected by the clinical staging system. Additionally, satisfactory chemotherapeutic benefits were observed in stage II/III CRC patients with high CRCRS but not in those with low CRCRS. A pathomics nomogram constructed by integrating the CRCRS with the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging system enhanced prognostic prediction accuracy compared with using the TNM staging system alone. Noteworthy features of the risk score were identified, such as immature tumor mesenchyme, disorganized gland structures, small clusters of cancer cells associated with unfavorable prognosis, and infiltrating inflammatory cells associated with favorable prognosis. The TCGA multiomics data revealed potential correlations between the CRCRS and the activation of energy production and metabolic pathways, the tumor immune microenvironment, and genetic mutations in APC, SMAD2, EEF1AKMT4, EPG5, and TANC1. In summary, our deep learning algorithm identified the CRCRS as a prognostic indicator in CRC, providing a significant approach for prognostic risk stratification and tailoring precise treatment strategies for individual patients.
Prevalence of Clinically Relevant Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Middle‐Aged Adults With Knee Pain and Suspected Meniscal Tear: A Follow‐Up
Authors: Waddell Lily M. , Opare‐Addo Maame B. , Shah Nehal , Jordan Kelly , Bisson Leslie J. , Irrgang James J. , Chen Antonia F. , Musbahi Omar , MacFarlane Lindsey A. , Jones Morgan H. , Selzer Faith , Katz Jeffrey N. , Smith Stacy E. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveRadiographs are frequently obtained for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reserved for those with complex KOA. There are few data on how often subsequent MRI reveals clinically actionable but unanticipated findings. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of these findings on MRI for patients managed nonoperatively for suspected meniscal tears.MethodsThe Treatment of Meniscal Problems and Osteoarthritis (TeMPO) study enrolled patients aged 45 to 85 years with knee pain, osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence [KL] grades 0–3), and suspected meniscal tear. We reviewed baseline MRI and recorded notable findings, including subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee (SIFKs), avascular necrosis (AVN), tumors, and nonsubchondral fractures. Other baseline data included demographic characteristics, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, duration of knee symptoms, and KL grade.ResultsStudy‐ordered MRI was performed on 760 patients, with 61 concerning findings identified (8.03%, 95% confidence interval 6.09%–9.96%). A total of 25 participants had SIFKs, 10 had nonsubchondral fractures, 4 had AVN, 8 had benign tumors, and 14 had other clinically relevant findings.ConclusionWe estimated the prevalence of clinically relevant incidental findings on MRI to be 8.03% in middle‐aged adults with mild to moderate KOA and suspected meniscal tear. These data may prompt clinicians to be more aware of the range of findings that can underlie knee symptoms, some of which could change management but may require different modalities of imaging to detect. Future research is needed to pinpoint factors associated with these concerning findings so that patients who are at risk can be identified and referred for advanced imaging.
Isocyanurate‐Derivative Enables Highly Compatible Poly‐Dioxane Electrolyte for Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Yaru , Cui Jie , Zhao Long , Li Dong , Du Yunfei , Li Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Li+ transport kinetics and electrochemical stability of advanced solid‐state Li metal batteries (SLMBs) are seriously limited by the actual electrolyte compositions. Here, a novel polyether‐based electrolyte (PTGDOX) is presented through in situ co‐polymerization by integrating 1,3‐dioxane with a multifunctional 1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate additive. The isocyanurate group in PTGDOX not only provides abundant coordinating sites for Li+ transfer and restricts the movement of anions, but also prompts a beneficial inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface on the Li electrode. As a result, PTGDOX exhibits a remarkably increased ionic conductivity of 0.48 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and a reasonable Li‐ion transference number of 0.68, enabling the Li||Li symmetric cells to stably cycle for over 2000 h at 1 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, the assembled Li||LiFePO4 exhibit a 97.4% capacity retention after 700 cycles at 3 C with excellent thermal stability. Moreover, PTGDOX also demonstrates excellent interfacial compatibility with high‐voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode. As such, this work provides a facile and accessible strategy for designing interface‐stable polymer electrolytes and achieving practical dendrite‐free SLMBs.
Formulating the Relationship Between Intermolecular Interactions and Photodynamic Effects Based on the Optical Regularity Exhibited by Rare Earth‐BODIPY Crystalline Frameworks System
Authors: Pan Jiachen , Jiang Xu , Gong Zhichao , Li Jichen , Du Xiaobing , Meng Shuxian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research commenced with an exploration of how metal nodes in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) influence photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes. Ultimately, it is revealed that intermolecular interactions are the core mechanism determining the optical properties and PDT efficacy of MOFs. An advanced system of MOFs based on the integration of twelve rare earth ions (RE3+) with boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐derived ligands is reported. Intriguingly, this series of MOFs exhibits a reverse relationship between the radius of RE3+ and PDT efficacy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses along with theoretical calculations indicate that varying RE3+ results in a spatial displacement of the ligands along the dipole direction, diminishing electrostatic (dipole–dipole) interactions while enhancing dispersion (π–π) interactions, thereby enhancing the generation of triplet excitons. Consequently, a novel parameter, Ae‐v = EvdW / Eint × 100%, is proposed to quantify the interplay between non‐radiative energy dissipation via electrostatic interactions and efficient energy utilization in generating singlet oxygen through dispersion interactions. Furthermore, with consistent acoustic sensitivity aligned with the sonoluminescence mechanism, RE‐DCBs are employed in sono‐photodynamic cancer therapy, attaining significant therapeutic results in tumor treatment during in vivo experiments.
Smart Implantable Hydrogel for Large Segmental Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Menghan , Wu Haiping , Gao Ke , Wang Yubo , Hu Jiaqi , Guo Ziling , Hu Ruiwei , Zhang Mengxuan , Pang Xiaoxiao , Guo Minghui , Liu Yuanjie , Zhao Lina , He Wen , Ding Shijia , Li Wenyang , Cheng Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge segmental bone defects often lead to nonunion and dysfunction, posing a significant challenge for clinicians. Inspired by the intrinsic bone defect repair logic of “vascularization and then osteogenesis”, this study originally reports a smart implantable hydrogel (PDS‐DC) with high mechanical properties, controllable scaffold degradation, and timing drug release that can proactively match different bone healing cycles to efficiently promote bone regeneration. The main scaffold of PDS‐DC consists of polyacrylamide, polydopamine, and silk fibroin, which endows it with superior interfacial adhesion, structural toughness, and mechanical stiffness. In particular, the adjustment of scaffold cross‐linking agent mixing ratio can effectively regulate the in vivo degradation rate of PDS‐DC and intelligently satisfy the requirements of different bone defect healing cycles. Ultimately, PDS hydrogel loaded with free desferrioxamine (DFO) and CaCO3 mineralized ZIF‐90 loaded bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) to stimulate efficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Notably, DFO is released rapidly by free diffusion, whereas BMP‐2 is released slowly by pH‐dependent layer‐by‐layer disintegration, resulting in a significant difference in release time, thus matching the intrinsic logic of bone defect repair. In vivo and in vitro results confirm that PDS‐DC can effectively realize high‐quality bone generation and intelligently regulate to adapt to different demands of bone defects.
Conjugated Polymer‐Based Photo‐Crosslinker for Efficient Photo‐Patterning of Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Xue Xiang , Li Cheng , Zhou Qi , Yu Xiaobo , Gao Chenying , Chenchai Kaiyuan , Liao Junchao , Shangguan Zhichun , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhoto‐patterning of polymer semiconductors using photo‐crosslinkers has shown potential for organic circuit fabrication via solution processing techniques. However, the performance of patterning, including resolution (R), UV light exposure dose, sensitivity (S), and contrast (γ), remains unsatisfactory. In this study, a novel conjugated polymer based photo‐crosslinker (PN3, Figure 1a) is reported for the first time, which entails phenyl‐substituted azide groups in its side chains. Due to the potential π–π interactions between the conjugated backbone of PN3 and those of polymer semiconductors, PN3 exhibits superior miscibility with polymer semiconductors compared to the commonly used small molecule photo‐crosslinker 4Bx (Figure 1a). Consequently, photo‐patterning of polymer semiconductors with PN3 demonstrates improved performance with much lower UV light exposure dose, higher S and higher γ compared to 4Bx. By utilizing electron beam lithography, patterned arrays of polymer semiconductors with resolutions down to 500 nm and clearer edges are successfully fabricated using PN3. Furthermore, patterned arrays of PDPP4T, the p‐type semiconductor (Figure 1b), after being doped, can function as source‐drain electrodes for fabricating field‐effect transistors (FETs) with comparable charge mobility and significantly lower sub‐threshold swing value compared to those with gold electrodes.
Molecular Engineering of Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Direct and Continuous Production of Pure Formic Acid from Flue Gas
Authors: Li Geng , Zhang Chengyi , Liu Yong , Song Yun , Guo Weihua , Huang Libei , Su Jianjun , Zhang Qiang , Xin Yinger , Feng Tanglue , Cao Xiaohu , He Mingming , Kwok Tsz Kin , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Jin Zhong , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Ziyun , Ye Ruquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach to close the carbon cycle and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, traditional decoupled CO2RR processes involve energy‐intensive CO2 capture, conversion, and product separation, which increases operational costs. Here, we report the development of a bismuth‐poly(ionic liquid) (Bi‐PIL) hybrid catalyst that exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic performance for CO2 conversion to formate. The Bi‐PIL catalyst achieves over 90% Faradaic efficiency for formate over a wide potential range, even at low 15% v/v CO2 concentrations typical of industrial flue gas. The biphenyl in PIL backbone affords hydrophobicity while maintaining high ionic conductivity, effectively mitigating the flooding issues. The PIL layer plays a crucial role as a CO2 concentrator and co‐catalyst that accelerates the CO2RR kinetics. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of Bi‐PIL catalysts in a solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) electrolyzer for the continuous and direct production of pure formic acid solutions from flue gas. Techno‐economic analysis suggests that this integrated process can produce formic acid at a significantly reduced cost compared to the traditional decoupled approaches. This work presents a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with low‐concentration CO2 utilization and streamline the production of valuable liquid fuels and chemicals from CO2.