bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Square Msplit Estimation in Determination of Vessel Position in Coastal Shipping
Authors: Zienkiewicz Marek Hubert , Czaplewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to assess the possibility of using non-conventional geodetic estimation methods in maritime navigation. The research subject of this paper concerns robust determination of vessel’s position using a method of parameters estimation in the split functional model (Msplit estimation). The studies performed will help in finding out if and in which situations the application of Msplit estimation as the method for determining vessel’s position is beneficial from the perspective of navigation safety. The results obtained were compared with the results of traditional estimation methods, i.e. least squares method and robust M-estimation.
Middle Rules and Rhumb-Line Sailing
Authors: Petrović Miljenko 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This work tackles the problem of misconception when using sophisticated mathematical tools, nonlinear optimization in this particular case, to solve a navigational problem. Namely, to reach the Great Circle vertex with two rhumb line legs ensuing the optimized distance, an initial rhumb line course equal to the orthodromic course at middle latitude may be used. The initial course is thereupon optimized by the incremental value steps. The optimized distance is achieved if the rhumb line course is altered towards the vertex at the orthodrome-loxodrome intersection point. As determination of this point cannot be formulated in a closed form, an iterative solution is to be applied. The derived transcendental equation forms a basis for an iterative solution of intersection using the Newton-Raphson method. To the contrary, finding solutions to a system of nonlinear equations can mislead a researcher unable to comprehend and grasp the mathematical meanings of the algorithm. The gist of this essay is a novel concept showing an intrinsic property i.e. orthodrome-loxodrome correlation using a well-known formula.
Experimental Research and CFD Calculations Based Investigations Into Gas Flow in a Short Segment of a Heavily Worn Straight Through Labyrinth Seal
Authors: Joachimiak Damian , Krzyślak Piotr 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Steam turbines are used as propulsion components in not only power plants but also on merchant and naval ships. The geometry of the steam turbine seals changes throughout the machine life cycle. The rate of deterioration of these seals, in turn, affects heavily the efficiency of the thermal machine. However, the literature overview does not provide any research reports on flow phenomena occurring in heavily deteriorated seals. The paper describes the course and results of investigations into a model straight through labyrinth seal composed of 4 discs, each with the slot height of 2 mm. The investigations have been conducted with air as the working medium. Changes of gas flow parameters due to wear were analysed. Based on the experimental data, more intensive leakage was observed as the result of the increased slot height. The static pressure distribution along the examined segment was measured. The experimentally recorded distribution differed remarkably from the theoretical assumptions. Another part of the experimental research focused on comparing the gas velocities at points situated upstream of the first and second seal disc. The velocity measurements were carried out using a constant temperature wire probe. This part of the investigations provided opportunities for analysing the influence of seal wear on gas flow conditions in the seal segment. The paper compares the results of the experimental research with those obtained using the CFX software. The presented results of velocity distributions provide a clear picture of the nature of the gas flow in the seal, which enables its analysis.
Identifying the Issue of Reducing the Emission of Harmful Compounds in the Exhaust Gas from Marine Main Engines and Description of the Emission Process of These Compounds in Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Łosiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article discusses the results of actions performed by marine engine manufacturers towards the reduction of emission of harmful substances in the exhaust gas from these engines. The discussion is limited to main engines produced by MAN B&W. A model is proposed to describe the process of emission of harmful substances from Diesel engines based on the semi-Markov process, discrete in states and continuous in the operating time. The states of this process are: engine ability state (s1) and engine inability state (s2). A method to calculate probabilities P1 and P2 of the appearance of states s1 and s2 is proposed. State s1 is interpreted as corresponding to the inequality ek<ek(dop), while state s2 is characterised by the inequality ek>ek(dop), where ek represents the mass of harmful substances emitted by the engine during its operation and ek(dop) is the maximum mass of emission of these substances permitted by relevant regulations.
Particulate Matter Emission from Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas
Authors: Stelmasiak Zdzisław , Larisch Jerzy , Pielecha Jacek , Pietras Dariusz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the results of examination of particulate matter emission from the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT simultaneously fuelled with diesel oil and natural gas CNG. The basic premise for engine adaptation was the addition of a small amount of CNG to reduce exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. At this assumption, diesel oil remained the basic fuel, with contribution amounting to 0,70-0,85 of total energy delivered to the engine. The dual fuel engine was examined using an original controller installed in the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT which controlled the diesel fuel dose. The dose of the injected natural gas was controlled by changing the opening time of gas injectors at constant pressure in the gas collector. The examined issues included the exhaust gas opacity, and the total number and fractional distribution of the emitted particles. The measurements were performed at twenty selected measuring points corresponding to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test. The performed tests have demonstrated a positive effect of gas addition on exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. Depending on test conditions, the exhaust gas opacity was reduced by 10÷92%, and the total number of particles by 30÷40%. The performed tests have revealed that a small addition of gas can reduce the load of the DPF filter, extend its lifetime, and increase engine reliability. Longer time intervals between successive DPF filter regenerations improve ecological properties of the engine.
Structure and Management of the National Automated System for Permanent Control of the Radiation Gamma Background in Bulgaria
Authors: Dolchinkov Nicolai Todorov , Nichev Nicolai Bonev 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the up-to-date complicated political situation it’s imperative to monitor the status of the radiation background not only in Bulgaria, but also in Europe and worldwide. Since 1992 in Bulgaria operates an automated system for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB). The system has been modernized by means of a European program during its last operation period and is connected with EURDEP - the European System for Exchange of Radiological Data of the European Commission. The operation of the System and its management are assigned to the Executive Environment Agency of the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources. In the present article we have shown the structure of the National Automated System for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB) and its functions.
Energy Consumption and GGP in the OECD Countries: A Causality Analysis
Authors: Jaiyesimi Mondiu T. , Osinubi Tokunbo S. , Amaghionyeodiwe Lloyd 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the nature or direction of causality between GDP, electricity consumption and total energy consumption in the OECD. Secondary data was used while both the ordinary least square (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were employed to test for causality in our model. Our result found the presence of a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and GDP for the total energy demand model and between electricity consumption and GDP for the electricity demand model. By implication, the bi-directional causality in our estimated models suggest that both energy consumption and GDP are important factors in economic development in the OECD. Thus, if misguided policy measures are made to reduce energy consumption it could have a detrimental effect on GDP which will slow down economic growth. A recommendation is for policy makers to concentrate on encouraging energy efficiency as a way to reduce energy and electricity consumption.
Electricity Consumption in Botswana:the Role of Financial Development, Industrialisation and Urbanization
Authors: Sekantsi Lira P. , Timuno Sayed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBotswana’s electricity supply is overwhelmed by the growing energy demands with the peak electric power deficits being met through imports. This study seeks to understand the key drivers of this increasing electricity demand. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and Error Correction Model (ECM), it examines the role played by financial development, industrialisation and urbanization in Botswana’s energy (or more specifically electricity)-growth nexus between 1981 and 2011. The findings reveal that economic growth, financial development and industrialization positively affect electricity consumption in the short-run and long-run. However, urbanization increases electricity consumption only in the long-term. These finding not only support conservation hypothesis but also imply that policy-makers should take into account the increase in electricity demand arising from financial development, urbanization and industrialisation in energy (electricity) consumption planning in the economy to avoid energy crisis. In addition, policy-makers should search and invests in renewable energy sources such as solar to increase access to cheap energy source.
Efficient synthesis of optimal multiband filter
Authors: Bogatyrev Andrei B. , Goreinov Sergei A. , Lyamaev Sergei Yu. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A novel analytical approach to the synthesis of electrical (e.g., analogue, digital or microwave) filters is proposed. This approach allows to obtain the lowest possible order filters with given involved specification including, e.g., many pass- and stopbands, narrow transition bands, high attenuation at the stopbands and low magnitude oscillations at the passbands. Comparison to other existing approaches is given.
Monotone discretizations for diffusion equations on triangular and tetrahedral meshes
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuri A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We propose and investigate a new nonconforming finite element method for the diffusion equation on general triangular and tetrahedral meshes. We prove that the method results in the condensed system for the Lagrange multipliers with a diagonally dominant M-matrix. We also prove that the proposed method is monotone with respect to the solution function on the interfaces between mesh cells.
Stabilizing Lateritic Soil Using Terrasil Solution
Authors: Aderinola Olumuyiwa S. , Nnochiri Emeka S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study assesses stabilizing lateritic soil using Terrasil solution. Preliminary tests were carried out on six natural soil samples from three borrow pit locations-two soil samples from a particular borrow pit location, for the purpose of identification and classification. Soil samples 1 and 2 from borrow pit 3 were found to be poor, hence, needed stabilization. While the other four samples from borrow pits 1 and 2 were found to be good enough. Engineering property tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Compaction tests were performed on both the natural soil samples and the stabilized lateritic soil samples which were stabilized by adding terrasil solution in percentages ranging from 0% to 16% at 2% interval. The results showed that the addition of terrasil solution enhanced the strength of the two soil samples from borrow pit 3. For soil sample 1, the unsoaked CBR values increased from 8.4% at 0% to optimum value of 30.3% at 12% terrasil solution, while for soil sample 2, the unsoaked CBR values increased from 6.2% to optimum value of 32.0% at 12% terrasil solution. It was therefore concluded that the terrasil solution serves as a cheap and effective stabilizing agent for poor soil.
Comparison of Hexavalent Chromium Leaching Levels of Zeoliteand Slag-based Concretes
Authors: Oravec Jozef , Eštoková Adriana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this experiment, the reference concrete samples containing Portland cement as binder and the concrete samples with the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (85% and 95%, respectively as replacement of Portland cement) and other samples containing ground zeolite (8% and 13%, respectively as replacement of Portland cement) were analyzed regarding the leachability of chromium. The prepared concrete samples were subjected to long-term leaching test for 300 days in three different leaching agents (distilled water, rainwater and Britton-Robinson buffer). Subsequently, the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the various leachates spectrophotometrically was measured. The leaching parameters as values of the pH and the conductivity were also studied. This experiment clearly shows the need for the regulation and control of the waste addition to the construction materials and the need for long-term study in relation to the leaching of heavy metals into the environment.
Monitoring the Error Rate of Modern Methods of Construction Based on Wood
Authors: Švajlenka Jozef , Kozlovská Mária 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A range of new and innovative construction systems, currently developed, represent modern methods of construction (MMC), which has the ambition to improve the performance parameters of buildings throughout their life cycle. Regarding the implementation modern methods of construction in Slovakia, assembled buildings based on wood seem to be the most preferred construction system. In the study, presented in the paper, were searched already built and lived-in wood based family houses. The residents’ attitudes to such type of buildings in the context with declared designing and qualitative parameters of efficiency and sustainability are overlooked. The methodology of the research study is based on the socio-economic survey carried out during the years 2015 - 2017 within the Slovak Republic. Due to the large extent of data collected through questionnaire, only selected parts of the survey results are evaluated and discussed in the paper. This paper is aimed at evaluating the quality of buildings expressed in a view of users of existing wooden buildings. Research indicates some defects, which can be eliminated in the next production process. Research indicates, that some defects occur, so the production process quality should be improved in the future development.
Modeling Košice Green Roofs Maps
Authors: Poorova Zuzana , Vranayova Zuzana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The need to house population in urban areas is expected to rise to 66% in 2050, according to United Nations. The replacement of natural permeable green areas with concrete constructions and hard surfaces will be noticed. The densification of existing built-up areas is responsible for the decreasing vegetation, which results in the lack of evapotranspiration cooling the air. Such decreasing vegetation causes urban heat islands. Since roofs and pavements have a very low albedo, they absorb a lot of sunlight. Several studies have shown that natural and permeable surfaces, as in the case of green roofs, can play crucial role in mitigating this negative climate phenomenon and providing higher efficiency for the building, leading to savings. Such as water saving, what is the main idea of this research.
Exclusion: Property Analogies in the Immigration Debate
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBy what right do sovereign states prohibit migrants from entering their territories? It cannot be assumed that they do, certainly not as a matter of the way we define “sovereignty.” Can the sovereign right to exclude immigrants be derived from the sovereign’s status as owner of the territory it controls? This Article shows that the idea of the sovereign as owner is too problematic to be the basis of any argument for the right to exclude. It also argues against the proposition that communities, considered as informal sovereigns, have a right to exclude based on their communal property in the land they inhabit. In both cases, an “ownership conception” is distinguished from a more attractive “responsibility conception” of sovereignty. The former remains unclear, while the latter leaves open the question of who the sovereign (state or community) is responsible for.
Property and Sovereignty Imbricated: Why Religion Is Not an Excuse to Discriminate in Public Accommodations
Authors: Singer Joseph William 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMay a hotel owner that objects to same-sex marriage on religious grounds refuse to host a same-sex wedding in its ballroom or deny the couple the right to book the honeymoon suite? Do public accommodation laws oppress religious dissidents by forcing them to act contrary to their religious beliefs or does discriminatory exclusion threaten equal access to the market economy and deny equal citizenship to LGBTQ persons? Answering these questions requires explaining why one property claim should prevail over another and why one liberty should prevail when it clashes with another. And answering those questions requires analysis of the relationship between property and sovereignty.Sovereign power both creates and regulates the types of property rights that can be tolerated in a free and democratic society that values each person equally. Should we view sovereignty as a threat to property or property as a threat to sovereignty? Libertarians choose the first and liberals the second. But this is the wrong way to understand the relation between property and sovereignty. Property and sovereignty are not separate and independent concepts or spheres of social life that can be brought into relationship with each other. Rather, they are imbricated; they overlap like roof tiles. Our aspiration to live in a free and democratic society places certain constraints on both property and sovereignty. Such societies do not recognize absolute power, whether public or private. Free and democratic societies are committed to a substantive vision of both social relations and politics. We have fruitful debates about property and sovereignty and, in the end, must construct a legal system that effects an acceptable compromise between access and exclusion in the property regime.Our historic practices regarding racial and other forms of discrimination and our evolving norms suggest that public accommodation laws enable access to the marketplace without regard to invidious discrimination. Religious freedom cannot operate to deny equal citizenship or opportunity. For that reason, a same-sex couple should not have to call ahead to see if they are welcome to book the honeymoon suite. Public accommodation laws do not infringe on legitimate property rights or religious freedoms; rather, they define the legitimate contours of liberty and property in a society that treats each person with equal concern and respect.
Individual Gap Measures from Generalized Zeckendorf Degompositions
Authors: Dorward Robert , Ford Pari L. , Fourakis Eva , Harris Pamela E. , Miller Steven. J. , Palsson Eyvindur A. , Paugh Hannah 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of nonconsecutive Fibonacci numbers. The distribution of the number of summands converges to a Gaussian, and the individual measures on gajw between summands for m € [Fn,Fn+1) converge to geometric decay for almost all m as n→ ∞. While similar results are known for many other recurrences, previous work focused on proving Gaussianity for the number of summands or the average gap measure. We derive general conditions, which are easily checked, that yield geometric decay in the individual gap measures of generalized Zerkendorf decompositions attached to many linear recurrence relations.
Additive Energy and Irregularities of Distribution
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Larcher Gerhard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We consider strictly increasing sequences (an)n≥1 of integers and sequences of fractional parts ({anα})n≥1 where α ∈ R. We show that a small additive energy of (an)n≥1 implies that for almost all α the sequence ({anα})n≥1 has large discrepancy. We prove a general result, provide various examples, and show that the converse assertion is not necessarily true.
Temporal Processing in the Visual Cortex of the Awake and Anesthetized Rat
Authors: Aasebø Ida E. J. , Lepperød Mikkel E. , Stavrinou Maria , Nøkkevangen Sandra , Einevoll Gaute , Hafting Torkel , Fyhn Marianne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe activity pattern and temporal dynamics within and between neuron ensembles are essential features of information processing and believed to be profoundly affected by anesthesia. Much of our general understanding of sensory information processing, including computational models aimed at mathematically simulating sensory information processing, rely on parameters derived from recordings conducted on animals under anesthesia. Due to the high variety of neuronal subtypes in the brain, population-based estimates of the impact of anesthesia may conceal unit- or ensemble-specific effects of the transition between states. Using chronically implanted tetrodes into primary visual cortex (V1) of rats, we conducted extracellular recordings of single units and followed the same cell ensembles in the awake and anesthetized states. We found that the transition from wakefulness to anesthesia involves unpredictable changes in temporal response characteristics. The latency of single-unit responses to visual stimulation was delayed in anesthesia, with large individual variations between units. Pair-wise correlations between units increased under anesthesia, indicating more synchronized activity. Further, the units within an ensemble show reproducible temporal activity patterns in response to visual stimuli that is changed between states, suggesting state-dependent sequences of activity. The current dataset, with recordings from the same neural ensembles across states, is well suited for validating and testing computational network models. This can lead to testable predictions, bring a deeper understanding of the experimental findings and improve models of neural information processing. Here, we exemplify such a workflow using a Brunel network model.