bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semioperations and Convolutions in Voltammetry
Authors: Mahon Peter J. , Oldham Keith B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is often useful to transform a measured signal into a form that is more easily interpreted. Thus, in voltammetry, where the measurement is of a current responding to a perturbation of the electrode potential, the complications arising from diffusional transport may be readily alleviated through the use of semioperators or convolutions. The use of semiintegration enables the voltammetric current to be transformed into an alternative signal that, in the case of a planar electrode, is linearly related to the concentrations of reactant and product at the electrode surface. Numerous advantages of semiintegration have been widely demonstrated. However, semiintegration is but a special case of the more general procedure of convolution. Convolving the voltammetric current with specifically designed functions of time allows the benefits of semiintegration to be applied to other electrode geometries and other experimental circumstances. The prime motive for semiintegration or convolution is to gain access to information about concentrations at the electrode surface. This information opens the door to the measurement of such quantities as bulk concentrations, rate constants, standard potentials, and diffusivities, as well as suggesting mechanisms and enabling the calibration of electrodes.
Elimination‐Fusion Self‐Assembly of a Nanometer‐Scale 72‐Nucleus Silver Cluster Caging a Pair of [EuW10O36]9− Polyoxometalates
Authors: Zhang Shan‐Shan , Su Hai‐Feng , Wang Zhi , Wang Xing‐Po , Chen Wen‐Xian , Zhao Quan‐Qin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe largest known polyoxometalate (POM)‐templated silver‐alkynyl cluster, [(EuW10O36)2@Ag72(tBuC≡C)48Cl2⋅4 BF4] (SD/Ag20), was isolated under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. It was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) as a {EuW10}2‐in‐{Ag72} clusters‐in‐cluster rod‐like compound. The high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS) shows that such a double anion‐templated cluster is assembled from a crucial single anion‐templated Ag42 intermediate in the solution. The crystallization of Ag42 species (SD/Ag21), followed by SCXRD, gave an important clue about the assembly route of SD/Ag20 in solution: the Ag42 cluster eliminates six silver atoms laterally, then fuses together at the vacant face to form the final Ag72 cluster (elimination‐fusion mechanism). The characteristic emission of [EuW10O36]9− is well maintained in SD/Ag20. This work not only provides a new method for the synthesis of larger silver clusters as well as the functional integration of the silver cluster and POMs, but also gives deep insights about the high‐nuclear silver cluster assembly mechanism.
Biradicaloid and Zwitterion Reactivity of Dicarbondiphosphide Stabilized with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Hou Yuanfeng , Li Yaqi , Hinz Alexander , Chen Xiaodan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrganic biradicals are usually very short lived species under standard laboratory conditions, which makes their experimental studies difficult. In contrast, heteroatom‐substituted analogues of these biradicals show enhanced stability due to π‐electron delocalization, which is why main group biradicals (or biradicaloids) of archetypical heterocyclobutanediyls have been thoroughly investigated. Herein, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized dicarbondiphosphide compounds of the type (L2)C2P2 (L=NHC) were utilized to activate both single and multiple bonds in small molecules with a feasible concerted mechanism. This reactivity is explicable by considerable biradicaloid character of the dicarbondiphosphide compounds, which is further corroborated by theoretical studies. Furthermore, the dicarbondiphosphide compounds also exhibited Lewis base properties towards Lewis acids, such as borane and metal halides.
Effect of phenolic compounds on bioconversion of glucose to ethanol by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE‐2
Authors: Lyra Colombi Bruna , Silva Zanoni Patrícia Raquel , Benathar Ballod Tavares Lorena 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses to ethanol consists of three main steps: pre‐treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation by microorganisms. Most pre‐treatments induce the formation of substances with a potential inhibitory effect on the microbial metabolism, which may hinder the process. The objective of this study was to investigate the behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE‐2 yeast in the presence of four phenolic compounds (vanillin, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, and acetosyringone) resulting from the alkaline pre‐treatment of eucalyptus with green liquor. Eucalyptus is a fast‐growing tree, widely exploited by the paper and pulp industry in Brazil. It was observed that yeast growth and glucose assimilation were affected to an extent directly proportional to the initial amount of vanillin in the medium. Syringaldehyde in a concentration of 1.0 g/L had an adverse effect on the fermentation parameters related to ethanol production, which exhibited a decrease of approximately 50 %. When syringic acid and acetosyringone were used, although the cell growth and glucose consumption profiles were similar to those of the control, they inhibited the conversion at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 g/L.
Analgesic efficacy of preoperative dexketoprofen trometamol: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Esparza‐Villalpando Vicente , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , Masuoka‐Ito David , Gaitán‐Fonseca César , Chavarría‐Bolaños Daniel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Post‐Market Research

Clinical evidence supports the use of dexketoprofen trometamol (DEX) to manage acute postoperative pain. However, controversies surround the impact of the use of this drug in preoperative analgesic protocols. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preoperative administration of DEX under postoperative pain conditions. Electronic and manual searches were conducted through diverse electronic databases. A systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the preoperative administration of DEX was performed including Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) published between 2002 and 2017. Suitable individual studies were evaluated through a quality system, and the data were extracted and analyzed. Fourteen RTCs were included (12 parallel trials and 2 cross‐over trials), published in the English and Turkish languages. Follow‐up periods ranged from 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 hr. All trials measured the outcome result as Acute Pain Level (APL) (VAS, NRS, VRS), time to requiring a second dose of DEX or analgesic emergency and consumption of opioids via patient‐controlled analgesia. When the comparators were other drugs ‐ paracetamol, Lornoxicam or placebo during the preoperative time, preoperative administration of DEX was superior. When the comparison comprised preoperative and postoperative DEX, both alternatives exhibited comparable analgesic effects. The analgesic efficacy of the preoperative administration of DEX when compared to placebo, lornoxicam, and paracetamol on postoperative pain was evident. Preoperative administration of DEX compared to its immediate postoperative administration showed a similar analgesic effect.
A User Interface Design Method based on Quantitative Evaluation of Consistency in Device Operation
Authors: OKAMOTO TEPPEI 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYDigitized electrical products have many functions, and these user interface specifications have become large scale. Therefore, in short development period, it is a problem that time for usability evaluation is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a user interface design method that can evaluate consistency in device operation, by simple processes. Features of the proposed method are to use similarity of functions or interactions, as software metrics. The similarities are calculated from the design information, and are analyzed by using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). As a result of the AHC, functions or interactions are classified into several groups, and their consistencies are able to be judged. This is an automatic evaluation method that does not require manpower. Thus, unlike conventional usability evaluation, efficiency of the design work can be expected. As a result of evaluating user interfaces for digital camera by using the method, this technique was able to identify the points to be corrected in the interactions.
Quantitative Decision Method of Appropriate Apple Harvest Time using Color Information
Authors: ISHII MASAKI , KUSADA IKUMI , YAMANE HARUKI 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYIn fruit farming, the appropriate time of harvesting high‐quality and high‐value fruits is determined by comparing the surface color of tree's fruit and a fruit color chart defined for each fruit cultivar. This comparative examination comprises visual inspection by the farmer and a sensory inspection based on sensibility information. Thus, the decision varies across individuals because the decision criterion is not defined quantitatively and is not unified. This study aims to develop a system to determine the appropriate time for harvesting fruit from the tree. In this paper, we used apples to develop a quantitative method for appropriate harvest time. We focused on the HSV and L*a*b* color spaces used by image processing. Consequently, it was found that using the value of H and a* in deciding on the proper harvest time was useful. We also conducted a comparative analysis of apple growth and color and color differences to investigate our quantitative method for determining appropriate harvest time. These results of the procedure show that quantitatively determining the proper harvesting time of fruit is possible.
Plasmonic Color Filters Integrated on a Photodiode Array
Authors: EMA DAISUKE , KANAMORI YOSHIAKI , SAI HITOSHI , HANE KAZUHIRO 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYArrayed plasmonic color filters integrated on Si photodiodes with 21 elements were experimentally demonstrated. The plasmonic color filters consisted of nanodot subwavelength periodic structures. Optical characteristics of the color filters were measured and compared with calculated results. In order to obtain spectrum of an incident light from the signal of photodiodes, spectrum reconstruction using Tikhonov regularization was adapted. In the spectral sensitivity of each photodiode, the peak wavelength was adjusted between 400 and 850 nm in wavelength by the period of nanodot structure on each photodiode. The measured peak wavelengths roughly agreed with calculated values with errors less than 30 nm in wavelength. Spectral characteristics of a monochromatic light were measured by fabricated device and spectrum reconstruction was carried out. The position of the center wavelength could be successfully detected.
MEMS Resonator‐Based Insulated Voltage Sensor Withstanding Higher Voltage
Authors: WADA YUUKI , NOBUNAGA NAOKI , KUMAGAI SHINYA , ISHIHARA HIROKI , ISHII MAKOTO , SASAKI MINORU 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe Si resonator is applied for measuring the voltage in a highly isolated manner. The working principle is based on the resonant frequency shift caused by the electrical field from the electrode connected to the high‐voltage source (supposing the battery). Here, the resonator is electrically floated, and its potential is decided by the relative position against the electrodes which are connected to the high voltage and the driving voltage. The induced voltage on the resonator is analyzed against the driving frequency. The resonance is found by the paired peaks in the amplitude curve. The setup for the electrical measurement can make the sensor system compact. A new sensor design for avoiding the electrical field concentration realizes the measurement over 400 V without the breakdown. This will match with the high‐voltage dc power supply system.
Pediatric tolerogenic DCs expressing CD4 and immunoglobulin‐like transcript receptor (ILT)‐4 secrete IL‐10 in response to Fc and adenosine
Authors: Franco Alessandra , Kumar Jeetendra , Lin Gene , Behnamfar Negar , Hsieh Li‐En , Shimizu Chisato , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Burns Jane C. , Linden Joel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe characterized a novel population of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells (tmDCs) defined as CD11c+CD11b+CD14+CD4+ and immunoglobulin‐like transcript receptor (ILT)‐4+ that are significantly more abundant in the circulation of infants and young children than in adults. TmDCs secrete the immunosuppressive lymphokine interleukin (IL)‐10 when stimulated with the heavy constant region of immunoglobulins (Fc) and express high levels of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), which, when activated by adenosine, inhibits the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from most immune cells. Here we show that stimulation of the A2AR on tmDCs by regadenoson or N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) rapidly increases cyclic AMP accumulation and enhances IL‐10 production under Fc stimulatory conditions. In co‐culture experiments, tmDCs inhibit the differentiation of naïve T cells to a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, although DCs are classically viewed as antigen presenting cells that activate T cells, we show an independent role of tmDCs in pediatric immune regulation that may be important for suppressing T cell responses to neoantigens in infants and young children.
Mother–infant co‐regulation in dyadic and triadic contexts at 4 and 6 months of age
Authors: Aureli Tiziana , Presaghi Fabio , Garito Maria Concetta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study examined interpersonal co‐regulation in 80 mother–infant dyads when interacting face‐to‐face and with an object, at the infant ages of 4 and 6 months. We found that co‐regulation patterns differed between conditions and with development. Under the dyadic condition, the dyads were mostly unilateral, with only the mother attending to the infant's focus, while in the triadic context, they were mostly symmetrical, with both mother and infant mutually engaged. While confirming previous studies showing that interpersonal co‐ordination is a relatively rare event in face‐to‐face exchanges, this result shows that the contrary is instead true when objects are available. Also, unilateral co‐regulation significantly increased in the triadic context from 4 to 6 months, together with an increase in the active role of the infant during symmetrical exchanges. The development of manipulative skills that occurred during this age period might have promoted these co‐regulation changes, through improvement of the infant activities with objects, both independently and with the mother. Finally, involvement in triadic interactions appears to relate to temperamental aspects, being favoured by the infant's disposition to be soothed by the caregiver. Overall, our results support the view of early social development as a context‐based and multidimensional process.Highlights

Investigation of how mothers and infants co‐regulate in face‐to‐face interactions and with toys in the first 6 months of life.
Eighty mother–infant dyads are observed longitudinally in dyadic and triadic interactions at 4 and 6 months of age.
Social‐mediated object exchanges favour symmetrical co‐regulation in early mother–infant interactions, whereas unilateral co‐regulation prevails in face‐to‐face contexts.
AQP2 can modulate the pattern of Ca2+ transients induced by store‐operated Ca2+ entry under TRPV4 activation
Authors: Pizzoni Alejandro , López González Macarena , Di Giusto Gisela , Rivarola Valeria , Capurro Claudia , Ford Paula 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is increasing evidence indicating that aquaporins (AQPs) exert an influence in cell signaling by the interplay with the TRPV4 Ca2+ channel. Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and plasma membrane hyperpolarization due to opening of Ca2+‐activated potassium channels (KCa) are events that have been proposed to take place downstream of TRPV4 activation. A major mechanism for Ca2+ entry, activated after depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and driven by electrochemical forces, is the store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The consequences of the interplay between TRPV4 and AQPs on SOCE have not been yet investigated. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that AQP2 can modulate SOCE by facilitating the interaction of TRPV4 with KCa channels in renal cells. Using fluorescent probe techniques, we studied intracellular Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential in response to activation of TRPV4 in two rat cortical collecting duct cell lines (RCCD1), one not expressing AQPs (WT‐RCCD1) and the other transfected with AQP2 (AQP2‐RCCD1). We found that AQP2 co‐immunoprecipitates with TRPV4 and with the small‐conductance potassium channel (SK3). We also showed that AQP2 is crucial for the activation of SK3 by TRPV4, leading to hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. This seems to be relevant to modulate the magnitude of SOCE and is accompanied by TRPV4 translocation to the plasma membrane only in AQP2 expressing cells. These findings open the perspective to further investigate whether the interplay between different AQPs with TRPV4 and KCa channels can be an important mechanism to modulate SOCE with physiological relevance.
Diallyl Trisulfide inhibits breast cancer stem cells via suppression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Xiaoting , Meng Yu , Xie Chunfeng , Zhu Jianyun , Wang Xiaoqian , Li Yuan , Geng Shanshan , Wu Jieshu , Zhong Caiyun , Li Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of breast cancer. The canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway is critical for maintaining CSCs characteristics. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a natural organosulfur compound from the garlic, exhibits effective antitumor properties. However, the role of DATS in regulating breast CSCs activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we reported that DATS efficiently inhibited the viability of breast CSCs as evidenced by reducing turmorspheres formation, decreasing the expression of breast CSCs markers (CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog, and Oct4), as well as inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that DATS downregulated the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, while LiCl‐triggered Wnt/β‐catenin activation diminished DATS inhibition on breast CSCs. Taken together, our results illustrated that DATS suppressed breast CSCs through inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. These novel findings could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of breast CSCs regulation as well as its target intervention and might provide new strategies for preventing and treating breast cancers.
Signaling cascades in thyroid cancer: Increasing the armory of archers to hit bullseye
Authors: Rashid Faiza Abdul , Mansoor Qaisar , Tabassum Sobia , Aziz Hafsa , Arfat Waleed O. , Naoum George E. , Ismail Muhammad , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThyroid cancer is a multifaceted and therapeutically challenging disease and rapidly accumulating experimentally verified findings have considerably improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms which underlie its development. Substantial fraction of information has been added into existing landscape of molecular oncology and we have started to develop a sharper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Wealth of information demystified different intracellular signaling cascades which are frequently deregulated in thyroid cancer. In vitro assays and xenografted mice based studies have helped us to identify drug targets and different synthetic and natural products are currently being tested to effectively treat thyroid cancer. Cabozantinib and vandetanib have been approved to treat medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and two agents (lenvatinib and sorafenib) are also being used to treat radioactive‐iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. This review comprehensively summarizes most recent advancements in our knowledge related to dysregulated intracellular signaling cascades in thyroid cancer and how different proteins can be therapeutically exploited. (1) We discuss how loss of TRAIL mediated apoptosis occurred in thyroid cancer cells and how different strategies can be used to restore apoptosis in resistant cancer cells; (2) We provide detailed account of seemingly opposite roles of NOTCH signaling in thyroid cancers; (3) TGF/SMAD mediated signaling also needs detailed research because of context dependent role in thyroid cancer. Researchers have only begun to scratch the surface of how TGF signaling works in thyroid cancer and metastasis; and (4) Role of SHH signaling in thyroid cancer stem cells is also well appreciated and targeting of SHH pathway will be an important aspect in treatment of thyroid cancer. Better concepts and improved knowledge will be helpful for clinicians in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.
Exosomes secreted by hypoxic cardiosphere‐derived cells enhance tube formation and increase pro‐angiogenic miRNA
Authors: Namazi Helia , Mohit Elham , Namazi Iman , Rajabi Sarah , Samadian Azam , Hajizadeh‐Saffar Ensiyeh , Aghdami Nasser , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExosomes are required for the regenerative effects of human cardiosphere‐derived cells (CDCs). Studies show that they mimic the cardioprotective benefits of CDCs in rodents and porcine myocardial infarction (MI) models. Hypoxic preconditioning of stem cells increases the cardioprotective effects of exosomes in MI models by enhancing angiogenesis. Several exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) up‐regulate in response to hypoxia and play a role in cardioprotective and pro‐angiogenic effects. In this study, we have demonstrated that human CDCs secreted exosomes under hypoxic conditions (1% O2 for 2 days) enhanced tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Pro‐angiogenic exosomal miRNAs including miR‐126, miR‐130a, and miR‐210 showed a substantial increase (>2‐, >2‐, and >4‐fold, respectively) in the hypoxic exosomes compared to normoxic CDC‐derived exosomes. Our study suggested a significant benefit of hypoxic CDC exosomes for the treatment of cardiac diseases by induction of angiogenesis via enrichment of pro‐angiogenic exosomal miRNAs.