bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-enabled reversible self-assembly and tunable optical properties of stable hairy nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yihuang , Wang Zewei , He Yanjie , Yoon Young Jun , Jung Jaehan , Zhang Guangzhao , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: January 2018

Significance
This work reports a versatile and robust strategy for creating monodisperse plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) intimately and permanently capped with photoresponsive polymers via capitalizing on amphiphilic star-like diblock copolymer nanoreactors. The reversibly assembled nanostructures comprising photoresponsive NPs may exhibit a broad range of new attributes, functions, and applications as a direct consequence of size-dependent physical property from individual NP and the collective property originated from the NP interaction due to their close proximity within nanostructure.
Endocrine regulation of airway clearance inDrosophila
Authors: Kim Do-Hyoung , Kim Young-Joon , Adams Michael E. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThe branched epithelial structure of the respiratory system, which is highly conserved in the animal kingdom, develops under liquid-filled conditions. In mammals at birth and insects at ecdysis, such respiratory networks undergo air-filling. We found that the neuropeptide Kinin promotes air-filling in the fruit fly respiratory system just prior to ecdysis by mobilizing calcium in tracheal epithelial pickpocket cells, which express homologs of mammalian epithelial Na+channels.
Multidimensional photon correlation spectroscopy of cavity polaritons
Authors: Dorfman Konstantin E. , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: January 2018

Significance
We propose a spectroscopic technique that can track the time-dependent state of a dressed molecule in an optical cavity (polariton) by measuring coincidence of two emitted photons. The proposed technique offers an independent control of the spectral and temporal resolution; single-photon detection allows for low-intensity measurements, which do not disturb the state of the cavity field, and time-dependent atom/cavity coupling provides a control tool. Tracking the evolution of the polariton states with time-dependent atom/cavity coupling should be of interest in photochemistry and photobiology and could improve fundamental understanding of many physical processes in strongly coupled atom/radiation states. Possible applications include chemical sensors and quantum information processing.
Family with sequence similarity 13, member A modulates adipocyte insulin signaling and preserves systemic metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Wardhana Donytra Arby , Ikeda Koji , Barinda Agian Jeffilano , Nugroho Dhite Bayu , Qurania Kikid Rucira , Yagi Keiko , Miyata Keishi , Oike Yuichi , Hirata Ken-ichi , Emoto Noriaki 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Adipose tissue dysfunction such as impaired insulin action in adipocytes is causally implicated in obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-related adipocyte insulin resistance remain unclear. Here we identify a mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte insulin signaling by Fam13a, which is impaired in obesity. We revealed that Fam13a protects IRS1 from proteasomal degradation by recruiting PP2A and consequently accentuates adipocyte insulin signal cascade. We further demonstrated that genetic loss of Fam13a exacerbated obesity-related metabolic disorders, while targeted activation of Fam13a in adipocytes improved it by altering adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Our data unveiled a previously unknown mechanism underlying obesity-related adipocyte insulin resistance through Fam13a, highlighting Fam13a as a vital player in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Platelets release pathogenic serotonin and return to circulation after immune complex-mediated sequestration
Authors: Cloutier Nathalie , Allaeys Isabelle , Marcoux Genevieve , Machlus Kellie R. , Mailhot Benoit , Zufferey Anne , Levesque Tania , Becker Yann , Tessandier Nicolas , Melki Imene , Zhi Huiying , Poirier Guy , Rondina Matthew T. , Italiano Joseph E. , Flamand Louis , McKenzie Steven E. , Cote Francine , Nieswandt Bernhard , Khan Waliul I. , Flick Matthew J. , Newman Peter J. , Lacroix Steve , Fortin Paul R. , Boilard Eric 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceImmune complexes (ICs) form when antibodies encounter their antigens. ICs are present in blood in multiple pathological conditions. Given the abundance of platelets in blood and that they express a receptor for ICs, called Fcγ receptor IIA (FcγRIIA), we examined the impact of ICs in blood in a mouse model. We found that circulating ICs induced systemic shock, characterized by loss of consciousness, by activating platelet FcγRIIA. Shock was mediated by the liberation of serotonin, a molecule better known for its role in the brain, from platelet granules. During shock, platelets were sequestered in the lungs and brain and returned to the blood circulation after their degranulation. Platelets are thus crucial in response to ICs.
Effect of a combination of inulin and polyphenol-containing adzuki bean extract on intestinal fermentation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Nagata Ryuji , Echizen Mao , Yamaguchi Yukari , Han Kyu-Ho , Shimada Kenichiro , Ohba Kiyoshi , Kitano-Okada Tomoko , Nagura Taizo , Uchino Hirokatsu , Fukushima Michihiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effect of a combination of inulin (INU) and polyphenol-containing adzuki bean extract (AE) on intestinal fermentation was examined in vitro using fermenters for 48 h and in vivo using rats for 28 d. The total short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fermenters were decreased by a combination of INU and AE, but the concentration in the INU + AE group was higher than the cellulose (CEL) and CEL + AE groups. The cecal propionate concentration was increased by a combination of INU and AE compared with their single supplement. The ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the fermenters and rat cecum was decreased by INU and AE. Cecal mucin levels were increased by INU and AE respectively. Therefore, our observations suggested that the combination of INU and AE might be a material of functional food that includes several healthy effects through intestinal fermentation.
Clinical Characterization of Invasive Disease Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b in a High Vaccination Coverage Setting
Authors: Monge Susana , Mollema Liesbeth , de Melker Hester , Sanders Elisabeth , van der Ende Arie , Knol Mirjam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This national study characterized invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infections. Vaccinated (n = 41) and nonvaccinated (n = 10) cases were similar regarding presentation as meningitis (68.8% vs 90.0%; P = .25), predisposing factors (29.3% vs 20.0%; P = .76), admission to intensive care unit or death (22.0% vs 10.0%; P = 1.00), or sequelae (21.6% vs 10.0%; P = .81). Haemophilus influenzae serotype b occurred in vaccinated, healthy children with comparable disease course.
Advancing Tobacco Product Warning Labels Research Methods and Theory: A Summary of a Grantee Meeting Held by the US National Cancer Institute
Authors: Thrasher James F , Brewer Noel T , Niederdeppe Jeff , Peters Ellen , Strasser Andrew A , Grana Rachel , Kaufman Annette R 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends prominent pictorial health warnings on tobacco products. To advance research methods, theory and understanding of how tobacco product warning labels (TPWLs) work, the US National Cancer Institute convened a grantee meeting. Our article describes the key insights that emerged from the meeting, situated within the context of the scientific literature.

Results & Recommendations
First, presentations confirmed that large, pictorial TPWLs motivate people to try to quit and encourage smoking cessation. Second, pictorial TPWLs increase attention, knowledge, negative affect, and thinking about the warning. Third, TPWL studies have primarily used brief-exposure laboratory studies and observational studies of sustained exposure through national policy implementation, with a few randomized trials involving several weeks of exposure—with generally consistent results found across study designs. Fourth, novel assessment methods include brain imaging, eye tracking and “best-worst” discrete choice experiments. To make TPWL even more effective, research is needed to confirm the mechanisms of their influence, their impact across vulnerable populations, and their effect on social media posts about tobacco products. Research is also needed on the effect of trial design choices, the predictive validity of new measurement approaches, and warning labels for non-cigarette tobacco products.

Implications
To improve scientific understanding of TPWL effects, this grantee meeting summary describes emerging research methods, theory and study results. Directions for future research include examination of the mechanisms of how warning labels work across diverse tobacco products and across different populations and contexts.
Whose Paper Is It Anyway? Authorship Criteria According to Established Scholars in Health Professions Education
Authors: Uijtdehaage Sebastian , Mavis Brian , Durning Steven J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The health professions education (HPE) community is a crossroad of scholars from various disciplines with potentially conflicting views on who qualifies as author. Established HPE scholars are expected to model ethical research conduct, but no research has investigated the extent to which authorship criteria are understood and applied by leaders in the field. This study investigated what leading scholars consider appropriate criteria for authorship and how often these criteria are ignored.

Method
Directors of research and editors of HPE journals completed an anonymous survey between September 2015 and August 2016 with questions about authorship practices they experienced and recommended, common authorship criteria, and how often they had encountered unethical authorship decisions.

Results
Out of 82 invited scholars, 46 participated in the survey (response rate = 56.0%). They reported a stark contrast between current and recommended authorship practices. Twenty-two (51.2%) had experienced unethical pressure regarding authorship order, 15 (34.9%) had not been included as author when they qualified, and 25 (58.1%) had seen authors included who did not qualify. A slight majority (n = 25; 58.1%) correctly identified authorship standards widely adopted by biomedical journals.

Conclusions
A surprising proportion of leaders in the HPE field had encountered unethical authorship practices. Despite widely disseminated authorship criteria, the findings suggest that offering authorship to those who do not qualify, or arguably worse, excluding those who should have been included, remains a common practice. The authors offer strategies to scholars, editors, and tenure and promotion committees to combat these practices.
An Early Finding of Keratoconus: Increase in Corneal Densitometry
Authors: Koc Mustafa , Tekin Kemal , Tekin Merve Inanc , Uzel Mehmet Murat , Kosekahya Pinar , Ozulken Kemal , Yilmazbas Pelin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the corneal densitometry in subclinical keratoconus with normal elevation and pachymetric parameters.

Methods:
Patients with clinical keratoconus in one eye and subclinical keratoconus in the fellow eye were identified. The study group was selected from patients with subclinical keratoconus who showed normal results from topographic and Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display III (BAD) analysis (Kmean <47.2 diopters, inferior–superior asymmetry <1.4 diopters, and KISA% <60%, elevation <5 μm, PPIaverage <1.06, PPImaximum <1.44, ARTaverage <414 μm, ARTmaximum <339 μm, and final D <1.6). The control group was selected from candidates for refractive surgery. The densitometric analyses were performed through the Pentacam HR (Oculus, Germany).

Results:
The medical records of 3474 patients with keratoconus were examined, and 116 (3.3%) subclinical keratoconus cases were detected. Normal BAD analysis results were obtained from 38 patients (1.1%). The control group also consisted of 38 patients. There were no significant differences between the eyes with subclinical keratoconus and those of the control in corrected distance visual acuity and topographic, topometric, and tomographic parameters (P > 0.05). In all layers of the 0- to 2-mm zone and in the anterior and central layers of the 0- to 6-mm zone, corneal densitometry was significantly higher in the subclinical keratoconus than the control (P < 0.001). In discriminating eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal, the anterior layer in the 0- to 2-mm zone showed the highest area under the curve (0.883; cutoff: 19.7; sensitivity: 75%; specificity: 90%) in a receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Conclusions:
The increase in densitometry in the central zone could be useful in detecting subclinical keratoconus.
High rate of acute pancreatitis during the Ramadan fast
Authors: Drozdinsky Genady , Agabaria Amir , Zuker-Herman Rona , J. Drescher Micheal , Bleetman Tony , Shiber Shachaf 
Published: January 2018

Background
During the Ramadan fast Muslims celebrate a month of prayer, dawn-to-dusk fasting, and nightly feasts. We aimed to assess whether acute pancreatitis (AP) is more common during the Ramadan fast in individuals who celebrate it.

Patients and methods
The study was carried out at the emergency department of Rabin Medical Center, Israel. We compared the occurrence of AP in a fasting population and a nonfasting population during the Ramadan versus the rest of the year.

Results
Over the 10-year study period, 1167 patients were admitted to the emergency department with AP. Of these, 1069 (91.6%) were nonfasting and 98 (8.4%) were fasting. Of these, 17/98 (17.3%) fasting patients and 95/1069 (8.8%) nonfasting patients were admitted with AP during the Ramadan [relative risk: 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004–1.2; odds ratio (OR): 2.15; 95% CI: 1.23–3.8; P=0.01]. During the Ramadan, the rate of AP out of referrals was 0.1% (17/15 068) in fasting patients versus 0.004% (95/213 913) in nonfasting individuals (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.5–4.25). During the other months of the year, the rate of AP out of referrals was 0.009% (81/86 072) in fasting patients versus 0.008% (974/1 202 405) in nonfasting individuals (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.92–1.45; P<0.001).

Conclusion
We found a high rate of AP in the fasting population during the Ramadan. Physicians should be aware of this link and suspect it for fasting patients presenting with epigastric pain during the Ramadan fast.
Probiotics for Preterm Infants
Authors: van den Akker Chris H.P. , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Szajewska Hania , Embleton Nicholas D. , Hojsak Iva , Reid Daan , Shamir Raanan ,   ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics, Prebiotics & Committee on Nutrition
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of probiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in preterm infants have provided inconsistent results. Although meta‐analyses that group all of the used strains together are suggesting efficacy, it is not possible to determine the most effective strain that is more relevant to the clinician. We therefore used a network meta‐analysis (NMA) approach to identify strains with greatest efficacy.Methods:A PubMed search identified placebo‐controlled or head‐to‐head RCTs investigating probiotics in preterm infants. From trials that recorded mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, late‐onset sepsis, or time until full enteral feeding as outcomes, data were extracted and Bayesian hierarchical random‐effects models were run to construct a NMA.Results:Fifty‐one RCTs involving 11,231 preterm infants were included. Most strains or combinations of strains were only studied in one or a few RCTs. Only 3 of 25 studied probiotic treatment combinations showed significant reduction in mortality rates. Seven treatments reduced necrotizing enterocolitis incidence, 2 reduced late‐onset sepsis, and 3 reduced time until full enteral feeding. There was no clear overlap of strains, which were effective on multiple outcome domains.Conclusions:This NMA showed efficacy in reducing mortality and morbidity only in a minority of the studied strains or combinations. This may be due to an inadequate number, or size, of RCTs, or due to a true lack of effect for certain species. Further large and adequately powered RCTs using strains with the greatest apparent efficacy will be needed to more precisely define optimal treatment strategies.
Character of Gluteal Region Morphology in Young Chinese Females
Authors: Cao Saisai , Peng Zhe , Bi Ye , Liu Yan , Yang Kai , Li Guangxue , Tang Hui , Zang Huiran , Qian Youlei , Liu Xiangyu , Song Ping , Pu Lee L.Q. , Mu Lan 
Published: January 2018

Background
The female gluteal morphology is an important secondary sexual characteristic and helps accentuate and define the female body shape. Despite the increasing prevalence of gluteal augmentations in our country, little data exist regarding the morphology of the gluteal region in young Chinese females. This study analyzed a convenience sample of Chinese females and their gluteal region.

Methods
Data, measurements, and photos of the following parameters were taken: age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). Morphology was classified into four types: A shape, V shape, round shape, and square shape. Aesthetic characteristics of each buttock were recorded. Height, weight, BMI, and gluteal projection ratio differences in different shape groups were analyzed.

Results
The study sample consisted of 103 women, with ages from 23 to 27 years. The V-shaped buttock was not found in this sample. The A shape, square shape, and round shape occupied 55.3%, 38.8%, and 5.8% accordingly. Short infragluteal fold, supragluteal fossettes, lateral depression, and V-shaped crease appeared in 42.7%, 14.6%, 11.7%, and 2.9% of samples, respectively. Of the 103 samples, 39 (37.9%) fulfilled the aesthetic gluteal projection(ratio ≥ 2). The average BMI was statistically significant between each gluteal shape (P = 0.009). Height, weight, and gluteal projection ratio showed no significant difference with the buttock shapes.

Conclusions
We are the first to describe gluteal morphology in young Chinese woman using gluteal anthropometrics. The findings of the study may provide a guideline for plastic surgeons who perform gluteal augmentation in Asian patients.
Airway and ventilation management strategies for hemorrhagic shock. To tube, or not to tube, that is the question!
Authors: Hudson Anthony J. , Strandenes Geir , Bjerkvig Christopher K. , Svanevik Marius , Glassberg Elon 
Published: January 2018

abstract
Many standard trauma management guidelines advocate the early use of endotracheal intubation (ETI) and positive pressure ventilation as key treatment interventions in hemorrhagic shock. The evidence for using these airway and ventilation strategies to manage a circulation problem is unclear. The potentially harmful effects of drug-assisted intubation and positive pressure ventilation include reduced cardiac output, apnea, hypoxia, hypocapnea (due to inadvertent hyperventilation), and unnecessarily prolonged on-scene times. Conversely, the beneficial effects of spontaneous negative pressure ventilation on cardiac output are well described. Few studies, however, have attempted to explore the potential advantages of a strategy of delayed intubation and ventilation (together with a policy of aggressive volume replacement) in shocked trauma patients. Given the lack of evidence, the decision making around how, when, and where to subject shocked trauma patients to intubation and positive pressure ventilation remains complex. If providers choose to delay intubation, they must have the appropriate skills to safely manage the airway and recognize the need for subsequent intervention. If they decide to perform intubation and positive pressure ventilation, they must understand the potential risks and how best to minimize them. We suggest that for patients with hemorrhagic shock who do not have a compromised airway and who are able to maintain adequate oxygen saturation (or mentation if monitoring is unreliable), a strategy of delayed intubation should be strongly encouraged.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Review article, level IV.
Alien leaf beetles of European Russia: native ranges, invasion history, biology and vectors of dispersal
Authors: Bieńkowski Andrzej O. , Orlova-Bienkowskaja Marina J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInvasions of leaf beetles are of great ecological and economic significance, but poorly studied. The rate of these invasions in Europe is dramatically increasing. Some established species spread quickly occupying almost the whole continent within several decades. We present the first inventory of alien leaf beetles of European Russia. For each species the map of distribution is provided and the history of invasion in the world is discussed. Two species native to Mediterranean Region:Chrysolina americana(pest ofRosmarinusandLavandula)andLeptomona erythrocephalafeeding onLotus corniculatusare recorded in European Russia for the first time. A polyphagous pest of floricultureLuperomorpha xanthoderanative to China and Korea and pest of soybeansMedythia nigrobilineatanative to East Asia were recorded in 2016. A pest of tobaccoEpitrix hirtipennisnative to North America was recorded in 2013. A pest of cornDiabrotica virgiferawas intercepted at the border of Russia in 2011, but is not established. Three alien species were recorded in the 20th century:Zygogramma suturalisintroduced from North America for control ofAmbrosia, Phyllotreta reitterinative to Afghanistan and Tajikistan and feeding onLepidium latifolium, and the Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineata. The Black Sea region is more prone to leaf beetle invasions than other regions of European Russia. Leaf beetles usually occur only on alien or cultivated plants. Some species feed on native plants in native communities. So it is difficult to distinguish species established before the 20th century from native ones.