bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombotic risk minimization for Diane‐35 and generics
Authors: Bezemer Irene D. , Smits Elisabeth , Penning‐van Beest Fernie J.A. , Asiimwe Alex , Herings Ron M.C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of risk minimization measures on cyproterone acetate/ethinylestradiol (CPA/EE) use in the Netherlands. Potential indications of use and concomitant pharmacy dispensing of other hormonal contraceptives (HC) were assessed among new users in 2011, 2012, and 2014.MethodsIn this retrospective drug utilization study, new CPA/EE users were identified by pharmacy dispensings in the PHARMO Database Network in 2011, 2012, and 2014. Recent dispensing of drugs to treat acne and concomitant dispensing of other HC were also assessed. General practitioner records were linked to identify diagnoses of acne, other hyperandrogenic conditions, menstrual problems, or consultations for contraceptive management in the preceding year.ResultsThe number of new CPA/EE users identified per year was 7876 in 2011 and 7562 in 2012 (3.7 new users per 1000 women in both years) and 1401 in 2014 (0.7 per 1000 women). The proportions of users with acne diagnosis or treatment were 55% in 2011, 52% in 2012, and 47% in 2014. Concomitant use of other HC was observed for 3% of new CPA/EE users in 2011, and 2% in 2012 and 2014 (median duration 78 days). Another 25% were potential concomitant users (median duration 60 days).ConclusionThis descriptive analysis showed similar proportions of CPA/EE users examined with acne or other hyperandrogenic conditions, or with recent acne treatment, or concomitant dispensing of other HC in the Netherlands before and after the referral procedure. The key observation was a strong overall reduction of CPA/EE use in the Netherlands.
Patient information in phase 1 trials: A systematic review
Authors: Gad Katrine Toubro , Lassen Ulrik , Mau‐Søerensen Morten , Høybye Mette Terp , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo review what is known about cancer patients' decisions to enter a phase 1 trial and how they and their relatives perceive the information they receive when they are invited to participate.MethodsThis systematic review is based on the principles of “preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.” A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases, supplemented by a search for unpublished literature.ResultsWe identified 37 studies for inclusion in this review. Patients' decisions to participate in a phase 1 trial were influenced by the drug being tested, information procedures, physician‐related factors, and the patient's individual approach to decision making. Patients have difficulties correctly repeating the purpose of a phase 1 trial. In several studies, most patients expressed expectations of personal benefit from participating. Studies performing analyses of the dialog demonstrated that the language of the physicians was incomplete. The relatives' perceptions of such information remain unexplored. Most studies had a comprehensive risk of bias.ConclusionsPatients' decisions regarding participation in phase 1 trials are based on more than the information of the trial. The way patients express the information they have been given could be limited by the applied methods for evaluating this variable. While relatives are expected to be resources for patients entering a phase 1 trial, this topic has not been investigated.
Time‐between‐events control charts for an exponentiated class of distributions of the renewal process
Authors: Ali Sajid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTime‐between‐events control charts are commonly used to monitor high‐quality processes and have several advantages over the ordinary control charts. In this article, we present some new control charts based on the renewal process, where a class of absolutely continuous exponentiated distributions is assumed for the time between events. This class includes the generalized exponential, generalized Rayleigh, and exponentiated Pareto distributions. Although we discuss the design structure for all the mentioned distributions, our main focus will be on the generalized exponential distribution due to its practical relevance and popularity. Since the generalized exponential distribution is a generalization of the traditional exponential distribution, the new control chart is more flexible than the existing exponential time‐between‐events charts. The control chart performance is evaluated in terms of some useful measures, including the average run length (ARL), the expected quadratic loss, continuous ranked probability, and the relative ARL. The effect of parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods on the ARL is also discussed in this article. The study also presents an illustrative example and 4 case studies to highlight the practical relevance of the proposal.
Reactive oxygen species measured in the unprocessed semen samples of 715 infertile patients
Authors: Yumura Yasushi , Takeshima Teppei , Kawahara Takashi , Sanjo Hiroyuki , Kuroda Shin‐no‐suke , Asai Takuo , Mori Kohei , Kondou Takuya , Uemura Hiroji , Iwasaki Akira 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen samples could be measured with the Monolight™ 3010 Luminometer.MethodsUsing the Monolight™ 3010 Luminometer, the ROS was measured in the unprocessed semen samples of infertile male patients, as well as the luminescence of 190 semen samples. The samples were classified as “luminescence‐detectable” (n = 89) and “luminescence‐undetectable” (n = 101). Thereafter, the luminescence of the semen samples that had been obtained from the 715 infertile patients was measured and compared by using Sperm Motility Analyzing System measurements. Moreover, in order to investigate the ROS measurement consistency, the chemiluminescence values of 84 samples were measured concurrently by using the Monolight™ 3010 Luminometer and the 1251 Luminometer™.ResultsThe semen volume, sperm motility, and progressive motility of the samples were significantly higher in the luminescence‐undetectable samples. The sperm motility, straight‐line velocity, curvilinear velocity, mean amplitude head displacement, beat cross frequency, and progressive motility showed an inverse correlation with the logarithmic‐transformed luminescence level in the luminescence‐detected samples. The integrated chemiluminescence levels in the 84 samples were correlated.ConclusionThe substance that was measured in the unprocessed semen with the Monolight™ 3010 Luminometer and stimulated chemiluminescence is ROS.
Multiobjective optimization–based fault‐tolerant flight control system design
Authors: Ossmann D. , Joos H.‐D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe loss of measurements used for controller scheduling or envelope protection in modern flight control systems due to sensor failures leads to a challenging fault‐tolerant control law design problem. In this article, an approach to design such a robust fault‐tolerant control system, including full envelope protections using multiobjective optimization techniques, is proposed. The generic controller design and controller verification problems are derived and solved using novel multiobjective hybrid genetic optimization algorithms. These algorithms combine the multiobjective genetic search strategy with local, single‐objective optimization to improve convergence speed. The proposed strategies are applied to the design of a fault‐tolerant flight control system for a modern civil aircraft. The results of an industrial controller verification and validation campaign using an industrial benchmark simulator are reported.
Model‐Based Project‐Product Lifecycle Management and Gantt Chart Models: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sharon Amira , Dori Dov 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSystems engineering (SE) and project management (PM) are two complementary disciplines that aim at achieving a common goal. In order for systems engineers and project managers to communicate efficiently, there is a need for a common language that balances system performance, quality, stakeholder expectations and needs, cost, and schedule. We use Object Process Methodology (OPM) as the basis for Project‐Product Lifecycle Management (PPLM), where SE and PM are complementary parts of an overarching system.Since the project plan is one of the first artifacts that both SE and PM professionals should agree on, we compared Gantt chart, a commonly used method, and a PPLM project plan. We present a three‐stage comparative research, investigating how differences between a Gantt chart and an OPM model‐based PPLM project plan are perceived by mid‐career systems engineers, who were graduate students in systems engineering academic programs.The outcomes indicate that the comprehension of information contained in the OPM model‐based PPLM project plan is more easily grasped than the same information presented via the Gantt chart. The results suggest that PPLM has the potential to better clarify the intricate relationships between SE and PM involved in developing systems through projects. It can enable better understanding and communication between systems engineers and project managers, thereby improving decision‐making, project outcomes, and product performance.
Incidence of Clinically Relevant Incisional Hernia After Colon Cancer Surgery and Its Risk Factors: A Nationwide Claims Study
Authors: Seo Gi Hyeon , Choe Eun Kyung , Park Kyu Joo , Chai Young Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs there is scant literature focusing on incisional hernia for which hospital care is sought, the aim of this study was to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of overt incisional hernia (OIH) after colon cancer surgery using nationwide claims data.
MethodsClaims data of colon cancer patients who underwent regional colectomy were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database of South Korea. Data from 2010 to 2012 were collected to ensure adequate follow‐up. OIH was considered to be present when either the diagnosis code for IH or the claim code for IH repair was entered after index colectomy for colon cancer.
ResultsA total of 24,645 patients underwent regional colectomy for colon cancer during the study period. Of these, 376 (1.5%) patients had an OIH within 3 years after surgery, and 50.3% of OIHs developed within the first year after the index colectomy (883.7 cases/10,000 patient‐years). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that age >65 years, female gender, open colectomy, and institution volume <100 colectomies per year were statistically significant risk factors for OIH. The 3‐year cumulative OIH incidence rates according to age >65 years, female gender, open colectomy, and institution volume <100 colectomies per year were 2.1, 2.1, 2.0, and 2.1%, respectively.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors for OIH and its incidence after regional colectomy for colon cancer were identified. These findings are helpful for classifying patients undergoing segmental colectomy who have increased the likelihood of developing IH and are informative for patients and medical providers performing the surgery.
Naïve validity
Authors: Murzi Julien , Rossi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBeall and Murzi (J Philos 110(3):143–165, 2013) introduce an object-linguistic predicate for naïve validity, governed by intuitive principles that are inconsistent with the classical structural rules (over sufficiently expressive base theories). As a consequence, they suggest that revisionary approaches to semantic paradox must be substructural. In response to Beall and Murzi, Field (Notre Dame J Form Log 58(1):1–19, 2017) has argued that naïve validity principles do not admit of a coherent reading and that, for this reason, a non-classical solution to the semantic paradoxes need not be substructural. The aim of this paper is to respond to Field’s objections and to point to a coherent notion of validity which underwrites a coherent reading of Beall and Murzi’s principles: grounded validity. The notion, first introduced by Nicolai and Rossi (J Philos Log. doi:10.1007/s10992-017-9438-x, 2017), is a generalisation of Kripke’s notion of grounded truth (J Philos 72:690–716, 1975), and yields an irreflexive logic. While we do not advocate the adoption of a substructural logic (nor, more generally, of a revisionary approach to semantic paradox), we take the notion of naïve validity to be a legitimate semantic notion that points to genuine expressive limitations of fully structural revisionary approaches.
Arrowhead (Sagittaria cuneata) as a bioindicator of nitrogen and phosphorus for prairie streams and wetlands
Authors: Standen Katherine M. , Chambers Patricia A. , Culp Joseph M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe emergent aquatic plant,Sagittaria cuneata,is an easily-identified and commonly-found species in the Great Plains region of North America and has the potential to be a bioindicator of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) because of its previously-identified leaf plasticity in response to nutrient conditions. To identify associations between leaf morphology and soil and water nutrients, we conducted: (1) a 10-week controlled experiment in which plants were grown in nutrient-enriched sediment, nutrient-enriched water, or unamended control trials, and (2) a field study where emergent leaves were collected from 15 streams of varying nutrient concentrations. Plants grown in experimentally enriched sediment were more productive than those grown in enriched water or control conditions: they produced more emergent leaves and tubers, had a larger final biomass and height, and developed emergent leaves that showed a consistent increase in size and unique change in shape over time. Emergent leaves collected from field plants also showed significant variability of leaf traits; however, this variability occurred at all scales of replication (leaf, plant, quadrat, and site), with linear mixed effects modelling indicating that random chance was likely driving this variability. Although sediment nutrients were crucial to successful growth ofS. cuneataunder controlled conditions, the high variability in leaf morphology under field conditions (likely due to large natural variability at the species, population, and individual scale) make leaf plasticity ofS. cuneataunsuitable as a bioindicator. Our results emphasize the need to quantify within and among plant variation in leaf morphology (and to clarify sampling methods) for the many taxa of aquatic macrophytes that are phenotypically plastic and notoriously difficult to classify.
Total Long‐Chain n‐3 Fatty Acid Intake and Food Sources in the United States Compared to Recommended Intakes: NHANES 2003–2008
Authors: Richter Chesney K. , Bowen Kate J. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Skulas‐Ray Ann C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe American Heart Association recommends consuming fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week, which would provide ≈ 0.5 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Previous analyses indicate that this recommendation is not being met; however, few studies have assessed different ethnicities, subpopulations requiring additional n‐3 fatty acid intake (i.e., children and pregnant and/or lactating women), or deciles of intake. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 was used to assess n‐3 fatty acid intake from foods and supplements in the US population, according to age, sex, and ethnicity. A unique “EPA equivalents” factor, which accounts for potential conversion of shorter‐chain n‐3 fatty acids, was used to calculate total long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid intake. Data are reported for 24,621 individuals. More than 90% consumed less than the recommended 0.5 g/day from food sources (median = 0.11 g/day; mean = 0.17 g/day). Among the top 15% of n‐3 fatty acid consumers, fish was the largest dietary contributor (71.2%). Intake was highest in men aged 20 years or more, and lowest in children and women who are or may become pregnant and/or are lactating. Among ethnicities, intake was lowest in Mexican‐Americans. Only 6.2% of the total population reported n‐3 fatty acid supplement use, and this did not alter median daily intake. Additional strategies are needed to increase awareness of health benefits (particularly among Mexican‐Americans and women of childbearing age) and promote consumption of oily fish or alternative dietary sources to meet current recommendations.
Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Two Unusual Non‐Methylene‐Interrupted Fatty Acids in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
Authors: Shimada Kazuaki , Sugawara Ayako , Korenaga Toshinobu , Kawashima Hideki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn our previous study, unusual odd‐numbered dienoic acids with a terminal olefin were found as minor components in ovaries of the Japanese limpet Cellana toreuma, and the synthetic interests have been focused onto their structural confirmation and the inspection into their potential biological activity. Here, we describe an efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of two new unusual dienoic acids, 19:2∆7,18 and 21:2∆7,20, through a common pathway involving the strategic combination of alkyne‐zipper reaction and Lindlar hydrogenation for the construction of their unique carbon chains. In our synthetic study, 2‐propyn‐1‐ol was at first subjected to alkylation and alkyne‐zipper reaction to form the two fragments, and the subsequent carbon chain elongation was achieved by the usual coupling reaction to obtain the C‐19 and C‐21 products bearing an internal acetylenic group. Then, the internal acetylenic group of these products was subjected to Lindlar hydrogenation to form a Z‐alkenyl moiety, and the subsequent deprotection of the products was carried out under an acidic condition without isomerization of the internal Z‐alkenyl group. Total synthesis of target fatty acids, 19:2∆7,18 and 21:2∆7,20, was finally accomplished by two‐step oxidation of the resulting alcohols into carboxylic acids in a highly chemoselective manner, and the structures of these unusual natural fatty acids were finally elucidated by identifying the GC–MS spectra of the methyl esters of authentic and synthetic fatty acids.
Pharmakogenetik
Authors: Cascorbi Ingolf 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Interindividuelle Unterschiede zur Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Arzneimitteln sind ein erhebliches Problem der Gesundheitsversorgung. Genetische Varianten tragen hierzu bei. Ziel der Arbeit ist eine Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Erkenntnisstand und regulatorische Aspekte der Pharmakogenetik zu geben sowie Fragen zur Problematik der Implementierung in die Klinik unter Hinzuziehung der aktuellen Literatur zu diskutieren. Die Empfehlungen des Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortiums (CPIC) stellen gegenwärtig den wissenschaftlich solidesten Ausgangspunkt für auf Pharmakogenetik beruhende Auswahl und Dosierung ausgewählter Arzneistoffe dar. Auf nationaler Ebene geben die Richtlinien der Gendiagnostikkommission einen Rahmen, welche Klassen bei der Einordnung der Bedeutung hereditärer Varianten für Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit berücksichtigt werden sollten. Während für bestimmte Gen-Arzneistoff-Paare neben dem klinischen auch der ökonomische Nutzen bereits gezeigt werden konnte, sind für eine Vielzahl weiterer prospektive bzw. auf präemptiver Testung beruhende Studien notwendig, um den Erfolg der Anwendung in der Klinik zu belegen. Hierzu werden gegenwärtig Studien durch große Konsortien in Europa und besonders in Nordamerika durchgeführt.
Carbapenem Resistance, Initial Antibiotic Therapy, and Mortality inKlebsiella pneumoniaeBacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kohler Philipp P. , Volling Cheryl , Green Karen , Uleryk Elizabeth M. , Shah Prakesh S. , McGeer Allison 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDMortality associated with infections caused by carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE) is higher than mortality due to carbapenem-sensitive pathogens.OBJECTIVETo examine the association between mortality from bacteremia caused by carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) and carbapenem-sensitiveKlebsiella pneumoniae(CSKP) and to assess the impact of appropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IAT) on mortality.DESIGNSystematic review and meta-analysisMETHODSWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Wiley Cochrane databases through August 31, 2016, for observational studies reporting mortality among adult patients with CRKP and CSKP bacteremia. Search terms were related toKlebsiella, carbapenem-resistance, and infection. Studies including fewer than 10 patients per group were excluded. A random-effects model and meta-regression were used to assess the relationship between carbapenem-resistance, appropriateness of IAT, and mortality.RESULTSMortality was higher in patients who had CRKP bacteremia than in patients with CSKP bacteremia (15 studies; 1,019 CRKP and 1,148 CSKP patients; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–2.6; I2=0). Mortality was lower in patients with appropriate IAT than in those without appropriate IAT (7 studies; 658 patients; unadjusted OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8; I2=36%). CRKP patients (11 studies; 1,326 patients; 8-year period) were consistently less likely to receive appropriate IAT (unadjusted OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.7; I2=43%). Our meta-regression analysis identified a significant association between the difference in appropriate IAT and mortality (OR per 10% difference in IAT, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.6).CONCLUSIONSAppropriateness of IAT is an important contributor to the observed difference in mortality between patients with CRKP bacteremia and patients with CSKP bacteremia.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1319–1328
Politics, the People, and Extra-Institutional Participation in Scotland, c. 1603–1712
Authors: Bowie Karin , Raffe Alasdair 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines popular political participation in early modern Scotland. In Scotland, some of the preconditions of public politics identified by recent scholars were less obviously present than in England or France. There was no culturally dominant metropolis or royal court; the volume of printed publications, though rising across the period, remained comparatively small. Because of these characteristics, historians of popular involvement in Scottish politics should pay particular attention to the traditional means of participation inherited from the medieval and Reformation periods. The article explores three forms of extra-institutional participation, each of which evolved out of formal, institutional political practices, but were deployed by ordinary Scots seeking to express their views. Protestations––formal statements of dissent from a statute or decision––developed in the courts, but were used in extramural contexts in the seventeenth century. Crowd demonstrations in towns took the place of traditional means of consultation, as urban government became increasingly oligarchical. And after congregational involvement in the appointment of parish ministers was legally instituted in 1690, significant numbers of small landowners and the landless poor claimed to have a say in the choice of their minister.