bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II Trial of Sorafenib in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: INST 08-20
Authors: Patt Yehuda , Rojas-Hernandez Cristhiam , Fekrazad Houman Mohammad , Bansal Pranshu , Lee Fa Chyi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLessons LearnedThere continues to be a lack of systemic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); sorafenib and, very recently, regorafenib are the only approved options. There exists a potential to combine sorafenib with chemotherapeutic agents shown to be active in HCC, such as capecitabine, safely. Good tumor response was observed, with objective improvement in a few patients seldom seen by single agent sorafenib; however, because of the limited number of patients, meaningful conclusions on survival cannot be drawn.BackgroundSorafenib is the currently approved first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Capecitabine has antitumor activity in hepatobiliary cancers. The combination of the two, if tolerated, could possibly improve antitumor response, and survival.MethodsPatients with advanced HCC ineligible for locoregional therapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤2, Child-Pugh class A or B-7 cirrhosis, hemoglobin ≥8.5 g/dL, platelets ≥50,000/μL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500 cells/μL, and serum creatinine of ≤2.0 mg/dL were recruited. All subjects received a combination of sorafenib and capecitabine, on a 14-day 7-days on 7-days off schedule. The primary end point was safety and secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and disease control rate.ResultsA total of 15 out of 47 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 64 years (56–79) and 77% were male. With a median follow-up of 12 months, median OS was 12.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5–23.4). Disease control rate was 77% (complete response 8%, partial response 8%, and stable disease 61%). Common adverse events were as follows: (a) thrombocytopenia (64%); (b) anemia (14%); (c) hypophosphatemia (21%); (d) hypomagnesemia (14%); (e) hyperbilirubinemia (21%); (f) increased aspartate transaminase (AST) (14%); (g) hand-foot syndrome (21%); and (h) deep vein thrombosis (21%).ConclusionAt tolerable doses, the combination of sorafenib and capecitabine seems an active and safe palliative treatment for HCC in class A and B-7 patients with cirrhosis. The small sample size does not allow comparison with single-agent sorafenib.
Responses of Various of Wheat (Triticum spp.) Cultivars to Water Status
Authors: Sakri Faisal , Ghafour Noori , Amin Shireen 
Published: July 2017

This research was conducted to study the response of various wheat cultivars to water status through plant length , flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, weight of loosed, plant dry weight, protein content in kernel%, and total carbohydrates, Results indicate that the drought periods significantly days for Sham-3-hard(durum) cultivars and signifiecantly decreased for Maxipak and Abu-Greb cultivars at drought period 21 days and Bakrajow at drought period of 7, 14 and 21 days period fo Aras.
Water stress periods significantly decreased number of spike per plant, number of seed per spike, number of seed per plant for all cultivars except Bakrajow for number of seed per spike, and also it significantly decreased weight of loosed especially of the two water stress periods 14, and 21 days and plant dry weight for all cultivars except Sham-3-Soft(aestivum). Drought period significantly decreased protien content in kernel% of Sham-3-Hard in all drought periods and Sham-6-soft at 21 days period.
Ability of Certain Clays in Decolarization of Lubricant Oil
Authors: Karim Abdulsalam , Jubrail Karim , Abdullah Mohhamad 
Published: July 2017

Various types of clays (namely, yellow bentonite, brown bentonite, and Kaolin) of Iraqi Kurdistan
have been used for decolorizing dark oils and compared with activated China clay and Iranian clay called
(Rose); which are largely used for the industriai processing of mineral oils. Chemical analysis has been
made for all clay saniples for determination of their chemical compositions then different amounts
(percentage) ofeach clay (3-11%iviv) have been used lor the decolorizing process ofthe lubricant oil, that
manufactured at Sulaimani city at tixed temperature and particle size. Later, studies of different
temperatures (150,200.250,300"C) at fixed amount of clay have been carried out to show the temperature
effect on adsorption process. The decolorizing efficiency' of clays was found to be in the following order;
China clay, Iranian clay. Kaolin. yellow clay , brown clay. Also the effecl of acid has been studied to
activate and improve the adsorption process in the decolorization ol dark lubricant oil. The adsorption
isotherms data obtained rvere found to follow the Freundiich adsorption isotherm model.
Computing the two first probability density functions of the random Cauchy-Euler differential equation: Study about regular-singular points
Authors: Cortés J.-C. , Navarro-Quiles A. , Romero J.-V. , Roselló M.-D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper the randomized Cauchy-Euler differential equation is studied. With this aim, from a statistical point of view, both the first and second probability density functions of the solution stochastic process are computed. Then, the main statistical functions, namely, the mean, the variance and the covariance functions are determined as well. The study includes the computation of the first and second probability density functions of the regular-singular infinite point via an adequate mapping transforming the problem about the origin. The study is strongly based upon the Random Variable Transformation technique along with some results that have been recently published by some of authors to the random homogeneous linear second-order differential equation. Finally, an illustrative example is shown.
Water pollution management in China: recent incidents and proposed improvements
Authors: Wu Gaojie , Cao Wenzhi , Liu Lusan , Wang Feifei 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The problem of water pollution is a growing concern in China. About 183 typical water pollution incidents took place between 2001 and 2014 in China and were analyzed in this study. The results indicate that chemical pollution, heavy metal pollution, and algal blooms were the main types of contamination, accounting for 36%, 20%, and 9%, respectively, of the total pollution. Illegal discharges, pollution water leakage, and leakage during transport were the main sources of chemical pollution, accounting for 63%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Illegal industrial discharges, leakage incidents, industrial production, and engineering construction pollution were the main contributors to heavy metal pollution, and accounted for 81%, 11%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. Industries should promote their environmental responsibility. It is also essential for government and industry to work together to strengthen supervision of industrial discharges and strictly control pollution sources. Alternative emergency response mechanisms for different pollution sources were analyzed allowing guidance to reduce pollution and providing a theoretical basis to establish and improve water pollution management.
Assessment of coagulation pretreatment of leachate by response surface methodology
Authors: Lessoued Ridha , Souahi Fatiha , Castrillon Pelaez Leonor 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation is a relatively simple technique that can be used successfully for the treatment of old leachate by poly-aluminum chloride (PAC). The main objectives of this study are to design the experiments, build models and optimize the operating parameters, dosage m and pH, using the central composite design and response surface method. Developed for chemical organic matter (COD) and turbidity responses, the quadratic polynomial model is suitable for prediction within the range of simulated variables as it showed that the optimum conditions were m of 5.55 g/L at pH 7.05, with a determination coefficient R² at 99.33%, 99.92% and adjusted R² at 98.85% and 99.86% for both COD and turbidity. We confirm that the initial pH and PAC dosage have significant effects on COD and turbidity removal. The experimental data and model predictions agreed well and the removal efficiency of COD, turbidity, Fe, Pb and Cu reached respectively 61%, 96.4%, 97.1%, 99% and 100%.
Higher alkyl sulfatase activity required by microbial inhabitants to remove anionic surfactants in the contaminated surface waters
Authors: Icgen Bulent , Salik Salih Batuhan , Goksu Lale , Ulusoy Huseyin , Yilmaz Fadime 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Biodegradation of anionic surfactants, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are challenged by some bacteria through the function of the enzyme alkyl sulfatases. Therefore, identifying and characterizing bacteria capable of degrading SDS with high alkyl sulfatase enzyme activity are pivotal. In this study, bacteria isolated from surfactant contaminated river water were screened for their potential to degrade SDS. Primary screening carried out by the conventional enrichment culture technique and assessment of SDS-degrading ability through methylene blue active substance assay revealed 12, out of 290, SDS-degrading surface water bacteria with maximum SDS degrading abilities of 46–94% in 24–54 h. The isolates exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1 g/L, but tolerated up to 15–75 g/L. Eleven isolates were identified as the species of Pseudomonas and one isolate was identified as Aeromonas through 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteolytic activity of alkyl sulfatases in the identified isolates was shown by using native-PAGE analysis. The determined enzyme activities changed in between 1.32 and 2.90 U/mg in the crude extracts. Preliminary experiments showed that the isolates with the alkyl sulfatase enzyme activities ≥2.50 U/mg were strong gratuitous degraders. However, their relative importance in soil, sewage, and wastewater treatment plants remains to be assessed.
Statins and the Brain: More than Lipid Lowering Agents?
Authors: Fracassi Anna , Marangoni Martina , Rosso Pamela , Pallottini Valentina , Fioramonti Marco , Siteni Silvia , Segatto Marco 
Published: July 2017

Background:Statins represent a class of medications widely prescribed to efficiently treat dyslipidemia. These drugs inhibit 3-βhydroxy 3β-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), the rate-limiting enzyme of mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Besides cholesterol, MVA pathway leads to the production of several other compounds, which are essential in the regulation of a plethora of biological activities, including in the central nervous system. For these reasons, statins are able to induce pleiotropic actions, and acquire increased interest as potential and novel modulators in brain processes, especially during pathological conditions. </P><P> Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize and examine the current knowledge about pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins in the brain. In addition, effects of statin on brain diseases are discussed providing the most up-to-date information. </P><P> Methods: Relevant scientific information was identified from PubMed database using the following keywords: statins and brain, central nervous system, neurological diseases, neurodegeneration, brain tumors, mood, stroke. </P><P> Results: 315 scientific articles were selected and analyzed for the writing of this review article. Several papers highlighted that statin treatment is effective in preventing or ameliorating the symptomatology of a number of brain pathologies. However, other studies failed to demonstrate a neuroprotective effect.Conclusion:Even though considerable research studies suggest pivotal functional outcomes induced by statin therapy, additional investigation is required to better determine the pharmacological effectiveness of statins in the brain, and support their clinical use in the management of different neuropathologies.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative NMR Method for the Determination of the Commercial Tablet Formulation of Sulfasalazine
Authors: Su Feng , Sun Zi-qing , Liang Xian-rui 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
Quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) is a rapid, simple and efficient
method for the assay of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in commercial tablet formulation.

Materials and Methods:
The qNMR method was demonstrated using maleic acid as an internal standard
and DMSO-d6 as a solvent. The characteristic signals of SSZ at &delta; 8.36 ppm and maleic acid at &delta;
6.28 ppm were quantified. The reliability of the quantification method had been implemented successfully
in validated experiments including specificity and selectivity, linearity, recovery, precision concentration
rang, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), stability and robustness.

Conclusion:
The method was found to be liner (R2 = 0.9991) from 8.62 to 20.14 mg/0.6 mL DMSO-d6
in the drug concentration range. The maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of recovery and precision
were tested to be 0.59% and 0.65%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.02,
0.07 mg/mL, respectively. The RSD of stability was 0.05%. The robustness was demonstrated by
changing four different parameters with the maximum difference less than 0.9%. In addition, the result
of qNMR showed in good agreement with the HPLC and UV methods. Based on the experiments, the
developed method was successfully applied to the determination of SSZ in commercial tablet.
Improved Kalman Filter Based Inverter Control for Reduction of Low Order Current Harmonics due to Isolation Transformers in Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: H. Beltran  , J. Zabalza  , C. Ariño  , E. Belenguer  , E. Perez  , N. Aparicio  
Published: July 2017

This paper is focused on the analysis of a Kalman filter performance when introduced in the current control loop of a distributed generation connection inverter. The idea is to use this kind of filter to reduce the harmonic content of the currents injected in the point of common coupling. The study has been performed by means of simulation using Matlab-Simulink and clearly demonstrates that this kind of control system can improve the response produced by the inverters. The elimination of certain well-known noisy harmonics introduced by an element such as the isolation low voltage transformer has been accomplished.
Detection of cytosolic tRNA in mammal by Northern blot analysis
Authors: Hamad Alshammari Fanar , Jeong Hye-Young , Han Jong-Hun , Rather Irfan Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

Out of entire cascade of technologies and strategies, Northern blot assay remains the most preferential approach for immediate and accurate evaluation of expressed RNA species. However, an abundance of tRNAs species under physiological conditions compared to other small RNAs makes it difficult to accurately evaluate their transcriptional alterations through traditional Northern blot assay. Here, we describe an efficient protocol for detecting subtle alterations in tRNA species in mammals by a modified Northern blot assay. This report also compares the chemical versus UV-based crosslinking of tRNA species to the surface of solid supports.Video Clip of Methodology:Detection of cytosolic tRNA in mammal by Northern blot analysis: 16 min 55 sec Full Screen Alternate
Centenaire Ribot (deuxième partie). La réception de l’œuvre de Théodule Ribot publiée chez l’éditeur baillière (1874-1883)
Authors: Nicolas Serge , Gounden Yannick 
Published: July 2017

Dans le cadre du centenaire de la disparition de Ribot, cet article présente l’œuvre de Ribot publiée chez l’éditeur Germer Baillière (successeur de la maison d’édition Ladrange). Durant la période 1874-1883, Ribot fonde, chez Baillière, une revue mensuelle : la Revue philosophique de la France et de l’étranger , dont le premier numéro paraît le 1 er janvier 1876. Il publiera par la suite un ouvrage important sur la psychologie allemande (1879), dont l’introduction sera jugée subversive par les philosophes spiritualistes et, surtout, une série d’ouvrages où la méthode pathologique qu’il promeut en psychologie est inaugurée. C’est ainsi que paraît, en 1881, son fameux livre sur les maladies de la mémoire, qui inaugure la méthode qu’il va suivre dans ses ouvrages ultérieurs. Sous l’impulsion de la politique éditoriale de Baillière, l’œuvre de Ribot sera largement diffusée en France, mais aussi à l’étranger, grâce à de nombreuses traductions dans diverses langues.
‘Same, same, but different’
Authors: Jadot Clément , Kelbel Camille 
Published: July 2017

Les programmes politiques élaborés par les partis politiques au niveau européen sont réputés consensuels et peu attrayants, à l’image leurs concepteurs, et sont à ce titre marginalisés. Les Euromanifestes constituent néanmoins un matériau dynamique et un indicateur pertinent de la structuration de l’espace politique européen. A partir d’une analyse lexicométrique, cet article examine comment les programmes publiés en amont des élections européennes de 2014 par les 13 Europartis officiellement reconnus donnent à voir une politisation de la sphère politique européenne. Les résultats montrent que, bien qu’ils partagent un espace discursif commun, chaque Europarti se singularise en mobilisant cet espace de manière spécifique, soulignant la diversité des projets européens en compétition.
Les mercuriales du xix e siècle. Le contrôle et la surveillance des prix et de l’offre de grains en France et en Belgique, 1789-1914
Authors: Ronsijn Wouter , Herment Laurent 
Published: July 2017

Les mercuriales des grains dans lesquelles étaient enregistrées les quantités et les prix des blés en France et en Belgique au xix e siècle constituent l’une des sources essentielles pour l’étude de l’intégration des marchés du blé durant cette période. Nous nous intéressons prioritairement au fonctionnement de l’administration dans les deux pays et aux buts qu’elle se fixait en collectant ces données. Nous examinons les méthodes parfois surprenantes qui étaient adoptées pour fixer les prix et le comportement des agents impliqués dans la collecte des prix. Nous étudions enfin le problème de la manipulation des prix. Nous concluons en nous interrogeant sur le rapport ambigu que les mercuriales entretiennent avec les marchés qu’elles prétendent décrire : la rédaction des mercuriales s’efforce d’être le reflet exact des échanges de produits agricoles, mais, dans le même temps, leur publication influe sur le commerce. On peut donc se demander si la production et la publication des mercuriales ne sont pas l’un des facteurs qui contribuent à l’intégration des marchés.
Thomas Jefferson et la réflexion sur l’Autochtone
Authors: Bergeron David 
Published: July 2017

Résumé Cherchant à comprendre les fondements de la représentation de l'Autochtone chez Thomas Jefferson, nous replaçons sa réflexion sur les « races » au sein des paramètres de son libéralisme et des développements scientifiques de son temps. Selon lui, la raison d'être de tout sujet social doit s'inscrire dans une vision expansionniste, agraire et capitaliste d'une Amérique en quête de terres. Pour Jefferson, l'Autochtone - contrairement au Noir – se doit d'être l'égal du Blanc, car ainsi l'exige l'appropriation apaisée de ses territoires nécessaire à la prospérité du citoyen. Sa rationalité permet de négocier avec lui comme éventuellement de le sédentariser pour compléter un processus territorial central au projet humain qu'est l'Amérique.
Neutrophils Induce Astroglial Differentiation and Migration of Human Neural Stem Cells via C1q and C3a Synthesis
Authors: Hooshmand Mitra J. , Nguyen Hal X. , Piltti Katja M. , Benavente Francisca , Hong Samuel , Flanagan Lisa , Uchida Nobuko , Cummings Brian J. , Anderson Aileen J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Inflammatory processes play a key role in pathophysiology of many neurologic diseases/trauma, but the effect of immune cells and factors on neurotransplantation strategies remains unclear. We hypothesized that cellular and humoral components of innate immunity alter fate and migration of human neural stem cells (hNSC). In these experiments, conditioned media collected from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) selectively increased hNSC astrogliogenesis and promoted cell migration in vitro. PMN were shown to generate C1q and C3a; exposure of hNSC to PMN-synthesized concentrations of these complement proteins promoted astrogliogenesis and cell migration. Furthermore, in vitro, Abs directed against C1q and C3a reversed the fate and migration effects observed. In a proof-of-concept in vivo experiment, blockade of C1q and C3a transiently altered hNSC migration and reversed astroglial fate after spinal cord injury. Collectively, these data suggest that modulation of the innate/humoral inflammatory microenvironment may impact the potential of cell-based therapies for recovery and repair following CNS pathology.
Innate IFN-γ–Producing Cells Developing in the Absence of IL-2 Receptor Common γ-Chain
Authors: Resende Mariana , Cardoso Marcos S. , Ribeiro Ana R. , Flórido Manuela , Borges Margarida , Castro António Gil , Alves Nuno L. , Cooper Andrea M. , Appelberg Rui 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
IFN-γ is known to be predominantly produced by lymphoid cells such as certain subsets of T cells, NK cells, and other group 1 innate lymphoid cells. In this study, we used IFN-γ reporter mouse models to search for additional cells capable of secreting this cytokine. We identified a novel and rare population of nonconventional IFN-γ–producing cells of hematopoietic origin that were characterized by the expression of Thy1.2 and the lack of lymphoid, myeloid, and NK lineage markers. The expression of IFN-γ by this population was higher in the liver and lower in the spleen. Furthermore, these cells were present in mice lacking both the Rag2 and the common γ-chain (γc) genes (Rag2−/−γc−/−), indicating their innate nature and their γc cytokine independence. Rag2−/−γc−/− mice are as resistant to Mycobacterium avium as Rag2−/− mice, whereas Rag2−/− mice lacking IFN-γ are more susceptible than either Rag2−/− or Rag2−/−γc−/−. These lineage-negative CD45+/Thy1.2+ cells are found within the mycobacterially induced granulomatous structure in the livers of infected Rag2−/−γc−/− animals and are adjacent to macrophages that expressed inducible NO synthase, suggesting a potential protective role for these IFN-γ–producing cells. Accordingly, Thy1.2-specific mAb administration to infected Rag2−/−γc−/− animals increased M. avium growth in the liver. Overall, our results demonstrate that a population of Thy1.2+ non-NK innate-like cells present in the liver expresses IFN-γ and can confer protection against M. avium infection in immunocompromised mice.
Virus-Triggered ATP Release Limits Viral Replication through Facilitating IFN-β Production in a P2X7-Dependent Manner
Authors: Zhang Chengfei , He Hongwang , Wang Li , Zhang Na , Huang Hongjun , Xiong Qingqing , Yan Yan , Wu Nannan , Ren Hua , Han Honghui , Liu Mingyao , Qian Min , Du Bing 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that innate immune responses are associated with extracellular nucleotides, particularly ATP. In this article, we demonstrate extensive protection of ATP/P2X7 signaling in a host against viral infection. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in ATP as a danger signal in vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cell supernatant and VSV-infected mice in an exocytosis- and pannexin channel–dependent manner. Furthermore, extracellular ATP reduces the replication of VSV, Newcastle disease virus, murine leukemia virus, and HSV in vivo and in vitro through the P2X7 receptor. Meanwhile, ATP significantly increases IFN-β expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ATP facilitates IFN-β secretion through P38/JNK/ATF-2 signaling pathways, which are crucial in promoting antiviral immunity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective role of extracellular ATP and P2X7 in viral infection and suggest a potential therapeutic role for ATP/P2X7 in viral diseases.