bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart forest monitoring: A novel Internet of Things framework with shortest path routing for sustainable environmental management
Authors: Etaati Alireza , Bastam Mostafa , Ataie Ehsan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractForests play a pivotal role in protecting the environment, preserving vital natural resources, and ultimately sustaining human life. However, the escalating occurrences of forest fires, whether of human origin or due to climate change, poses a significant threat to this ecosystem. In recent decades, the emergence of the IoT has been characterised by the utilisation of smart sensors for real‐time data collection. IoT facilitates proactive decision‐making for forest monitoring, control, and protection through advanced data analysis techniques, including AI algorithms. This research study presents a comprehensive approach to deploying a dynamic and adaptable network topology in forest environments, aimed at optimising data transmission and enhancing system reliability. Three distinct topologies are proposed in this research study: direct transmission from nodes to gateways, cluster formation with multi‐step data transmission, and clustering with data relayed by cluster heads. A key innovation is the use of high‐powered telecommunication modules in cluster heads, enabling long‐range data transmission while considering energy efficiency through solar power. To enhance system reliability, this study incorporates a reserve routing mechanism to mitigate the impact of node or cluster head failures. Additionally, the placement of gateway nodes is optimised using meta‐heuristic algorithms, including particle swarm optimisation (PSO), harmony search algorithm (HSA), and ant colony optimisation for continuous domains (ACOR), with ACOR emerging as the most effective. The primary objective of this article is to reduce power consumption, alleviate network traffic, and decrease nodes' interdependence, while also considering reliability coefficients and error tolerance as additional considerations. As shown in the results, the proposed methods effectively reduce network traffic, optimise routing, and ensure robust performance across various environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of these tailored topologies in enhancing energy efficiency, data accuracy, and network reliability in forest monitoring applications.
Abnormal Stokes V profiles observed by Hinode in a sunspot
Authors: Hamedivafa H. , Rezaei R. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Hidden magnetic components in a sunspot are present as small-scale structures that are absent in low-resolution observations.
Aims. We search for traces of the hidden magnetic components in spectro-polarimetric observations of a mature sunspot close to the disk center recorded by Hinode.
Methods. To find extra humps in the far blue and red lobes of Stokes V, we examined the sign reversal in the second derivative of the profile in the umbra and penumbra. We also looked for the hump signature in the Stokes I and the linear polarization profiles.
Results. The amplitudes of the humps are small compared to the main component. More than half of the profiles show one extra hump, while 21% show an extra hump on both the blue and the red lobe of the 630.15 nm line with the same magnetic polarity as the sunspot. The location of the pixels where the extra hump is seen on both lobes has a pseudo-grainy structure in the single wavelength Stokes V magnetograms. This type of profile is better detected in darker parts of the penumbra, as well as in the umbra-penumbra border toward the umbra. The spectral distance between the two humps averaged over elliptical rings levels off in the umbra, decreases toward the penumbra, and levels off again there. We find no correlations between the wavelength positions of the two humps.
Conclusions. We discuss two scenarios that could potentially produce the simultaneously observed blue and red humps: one in which a single hidden magnetic component is responsible for the two humps, and another in which the two humps emanate from two hidden magnetic components.
The star formation history of the first bulge fossil fragment candidate Terzan 5
Authors: Crociati C. , Cignoni M. , Dalessandro E. , Pallanca C. , Massari D. , Ferraro F. R. , Lanzoni B. , Origlia L. , Valenti E. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Terzan 5 and Liller 1 are the only bulge stellar clusters hosting multi-iron and multi-age stellar populations. They are therefore claimed to constitute a novel class of astrophysical objects: the fossils of massive star-forming clumps that possibly sank to the center of the Milky Way and contributed to the formation of the bulge. This is based on the hypothesis that the ancient clumps were able to retain iron-enriched supernova ejecta, later giving rise to younger and more metal-rich populations.
Aims. A way to investigate this scenario is reconstructing their star formation histories (SFHs) and proving a prolonged and multiepisode star formation activity.
Methods. Leveraging ground- and space-based high-resolution images, we derived the SFH of Terzan 5 by employing the colormagnitude diagram fitting routine SFERA.
Results. The best-fit solution predicts an old, main peak occurred between 12 and 13 Gyr ago that generated 70% of the current stellar mass, followed by a lower-rate star formation activity with two main additional bursts.
Conclusions. These results indicate that Terzan 5, similarly to Liller 1, experienced a prolonged, multiepisode star formation activity, fueled by metal-enriched gas deposited in its central regions, in agreement with the expectations of a self-enrichment scenario in a primordial massive clump.
Equilibrium dynamical models in the inner region of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Gaia DR3 kinematics
Authors: Kacharov Nikolay , Tahmasebzadeh Behzad , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , van de Ven Glenn , Zhu Ling , Khoperskov Sergey 
Published: October 2024

Context. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) contains complex dynamics driven by both internal and external processes. The external forces are due to tidal interactions with the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way, while internally its dynamics mainly depend on the stellar, gas, and dark matter mass distributions. Despite this complexity, simple physical models often provide valuable insights into the primary driving factors.
Aims. We used Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) to explore how well equilibrium dynamical models based on the Jeans equations and the Schwarzschild orbit superposition method are able to describe the LMC’s five-dimensional phase-space distribution and line-of-sight (LOS) velocity distribution, respectively. In the Schwarzschild model, we incorporated a triaxial bar component for the first time and derived the LMC’s bar pattern speed.
Methods. We fit comprehensive Jeans dynamical models to all Gaia DR3 stars with proper motion and LOS velocity measurements found in the footprint of the VISTA near-infrared survey of the Magellanic System using a discrete maximum likelihood approach. These models are very efficient at discriminating genuine LMC member stars from Milky Way foreground stars and background galaxies. They constrain the shape, orientation, and enclosed mass of the galaxy under the assumption of axisymmetry. We used the Jeans model results as a stepping stone to more complex two-component Schwarzschild models, which include an axisymmetric disc and a co-centric triaxial bar, which we fit to the LMC Gaia DR3 LOS velocity field using a χ2 minimisation approach.
Results. The Jeans models describe the rotation and velocity dispersion of the LMC disc well, and we find an inclination angle of θ = 25.5° ±0.2°, line of nodes orientation of ψ = 124° ±0.4°, and an intrinsic thickness of the disc of q0d = b/a = 0.23 ± 0.01 (minor to major axis ratio). However, bound to axisymmetry, these models fail to properly describe the kinematics in the central region of the galaxy dominated by the LMC bar. We used the derived disc orientation and the Gaia DR3 density image of the LMC to obtain the intrinsic shape of the bar. Using these two components as input to our Schwarzschild models, we performed orbit integration and weighting in a rotating reference frame fixed to the bar, deriving an independent measurement of the LMC bar pattern speed of Ω = 11 ± 4 km s−1 kpc−1. Both the Jeans and Schwarzschild models predict the same enclosed mass distribution within a radius of 6.2 kpc of ∼ 1.4 × 1010 M⊙.
Conventionalized impoliteness formulae in third-party assessments
Authors: Alvanoudi Angeliki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper examines the ideological work accomplished by the use of conventionalized impoliteness formulae in third
person reference, when the person being criticized or brought into disrepute is not present in the here-and-now of interaction.
Drawing on Interactional Linguistics and data from audio-recorded informal face-to-face Greek conversations, the study shows that
speakers mobilize conventionalized impoliteness formulae, along with other linguistic resources, in the course of third-party
assessments to evaluate sociocultural experience, and establish interlocutors’ shared negative affective stance toward the third
party picked on due to their national group membership. This practice reproduces everyday nationalism that unites offenders
against national ‘others’. The study enhances our understanding of the recontextualization of conventionalized impoliteness
formulae in talk-in-interaction, and the role of affective stance in the discursive formation of (national) identities.
Evaluation of different electrolytic solution composition on the microstructure and corrosion study on AZ31 magnesium alloy using PEO method
Authors: B Nagarajan , C Mathalai Sundaram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic implants due to their mechanical compatibility with bone tissue. However, their susceptibility to corrosion can compromise mechanical strength over time. The present study aims to enhance the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coatings incorporating Hydroxyapatite (HAP). The effects of 5g of HAP in different electrolytic solutions—Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO39H2O) + Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) + Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3)—on the microstructure and corrosion characteristics were evaluated. The phase composition was analyzed using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), while the surface morphology and cross-section of the coatings were assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Corrosion studies were performed using Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) under Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) conditions. The results showed that the sample with the solution containing 5 g of HAP + Na3PO4 + C6H15NO3 (PS-2) exhibited superior anti-corrosion properties compared to the sample with 5 g of HAP + Na2SiO3·9H2O + KOH (PS-1). Notably, the cross-sectional analysis revealed significantly smaller pores in the PS-2 coatings. Among the two coated samples, the highest polarization resistance of 3.06 × 106 Ω·cm2 was observed for PS-1, while PS-2 showed a lower resistance of 2.9 × 106 Ω·cm2, correlating with their morphological characteristics. These findings suggest that sodium phosphate and triethanolamine improve biocompatibility when combined with pure AZ31 Mg alloy and HAP coatings.
Quasinormal modes and shadow of Schwarzschild black holes embedded in a Dehnen-type dark matter halo exhibiting a cloud of strings
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Shaymatov Sanjar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider a static spherically symmetric black hole (BH) embedded in a Dehnen-(1, 4, 0)-type dark matter (DM) halo in the presence of a cloud string. We examine and present data on how the core density of the DM halo parameter and the cloud string parameter affect BH attributes such as quasinormal modes (QNMs) and shadow cast. To do this, we first look into the effective potential of perturbation equations for three types of perturbation fields with different spins: massless scalar field, electromagnetic field and gravitational field. Then, using the sixth-order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, we examine QNMs of the BH disturbed by the three fields and derive quasinormal frequencies. The changes in QNM versus the core density parameter and the cloud string parameter for three disturbances are explored. We also investigate how the core density and the cloud string parameter affect the photon sphere and shadow radius. Interestingly, the study shows that the influence of Dehnen-type DM and cloud strings increases both the photon sphere and the shadow radius. Finally, we employ observational data from Sgr A⋆ and M87⋆ to set limitations on the BH parameters.
On the transverse-traceless gauge condition when matter is presented
Authors: Xue Yadong , He Xiaokai , Cao Zhoujian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The transverse-traceless gauge condition is an important concept in the theory of gravitational waves. It is well known that a vacuum is one of the key conditions to guarantee the existence of the transverse-traceless gauge. Although it is thin, the interstellar medium is ubiquitous in the Universe. Therefore, it is important to understand the concept of gravitational waves when matter is presented. Bondi–Metzner–Sachs theory has solved the gauge problem related to gravitational waves. But it does not help with cases when the gravitational wave propagates in matter. This paper discusses possible extensions of the transverse-traceless gauge condition to Minkowski perturbation with matter presented.
A Photometric and Astrometric Study of Open Star Clusters FSR-163 and Majaess 215 Using Gaia DR3
Authors: Ali Ola , Tadross A. L. , Osman A. I. , Hayman Z. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have examined most of the astrophysical properties of the two star clusters, FSR-163 and Majaess 215, using the third data release of the Gaia space mission (Gaia DR3). We utilized the pyUPMASK method to allocate the probabilities of stars’ membership candidates. Using the clusters’ trigonometric parallaxes of the members with probabilities P > 50%, we calculated the distance to the clusters of 3290 (±140) and 2833 (±140) pc, respectively, which match well with our isochrone fitting results on the color–magnitude diagrams. We determined the age of the clusters, and they are 1.00 (±0.15) and 3.55 (±0.15) Gyr for FSR-163 and Majaess 215, respectively. We evaluated the following photometric parameters: reddenings, distances, galactic geometrical distances, luminosity–mass functions, and total masses of the two clusters. On studying the dynamic state of the two clusters, we found that Majaess 215 is more relaxed than FSR-163.
Breakthrough on Indonesia’s Energy Policy: Adaptive Governance Perspective for Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP)
Authors: Wardhana A R , Aji P , Prasetyo K , Ma’rifatullah W H , Budiarto R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) agreement strives to attain a peak emissions level of 290 Mt CO2eq by 2030 in the power sector while targeting a 34% renewable energy mix. To support these goals, a minimum of 20 billion USD from public sector pledges and private financial institutions is allocated for expedited decarbonisation. This entails retiring coal-fired power plants and concurrently developing renewable energy-based generation. However, implementing the JETP initiative encounters regulatory and technical challenges in Indonesia, arising from conflicting stakeholder interests, inconsistent regulatory frameworks, opposition from established incumbents of fossil fuels industries, and limited implementation capabilities. These barriers pose a significant threat to the efficacy and efficiency of the JETP program. Consequently, enhancing adaptive governance, namely, polycentricity, learning, diversity, deliberation, participation, flexibility, responsiveness, political support, and collaboration, is crucial to mitigate potential obstacles, bolstering the probability of success for the JETP program.
Organic Rankine Cycle System Design by Utilizing The Waste Heat of Internal Combustion Engine Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Nur Taufiq Bin , Putra Danil Wirandi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Most of the energy supply for today’s human activities still comes from fossil energy. Energy based on fossil fuels can cause an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of energy conversion systems based on fossil fuels is necessary to mitigate pollutant emissions. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is one energy conversion machine that still consumes fossil energy to work in the transportation sector. Losses during internal combustion engine operation result in reduced engine thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas heat loss is one of the relatively significant losses. It leads to the waste of heat, which could be utilized and converted into valuable energy in the form of electrical energy that the engine can use, resulting in a considerable amount of primary fuel that could be saved. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is considered in this analysis as a heat recovery unit from the Diesel ICE. The Aspen Plus simulation software was chosen to design the system consisting of an ORC unit integrated with a Diesel ICE unit. The working fluid for ORC used in this analysis is R-141B, R-123, and R-245fa. The simulation results show that the heat the ORC unit receives from the ICE via turbocharger is around 366 °C. Thus, the system has a thermal efficiency of 11.11% when using R-141B as the working fluid, 8.41% if R-123 as the working fluid, and 6.63% when using R-245fa as the working fluid. This study also obtained a condenser design as part of the ORC unit. The condenser can be considered a plate heat exchanger, with 53 plates needed to support the process.
Applying Gaussian Process Regression for Machine Learning-Assisted Reactor Simulations
Authors: Oktavian Muhammad Rizki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the integration of machine learning, specifically Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), into traditional reactor core simulations. Building upon previous work on Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), GPR is implemented to predict and correct errors in lower-fidelity simulation outcomes. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in prediction accuracy when GPR is coupled with the diffusion-based core simulator, exhibiting remarkable reductions in both keff
and nodal power errors. The comparison reveals that the GPR-enhanced core simulation model significantly outperforms both the standalone simulation and a combination of simulation with Multivariate Linear Regression. It also competes effectively with the performance of a Deep Neural Network-enhanced model. Importantly, this methodology enhances simulation accuracy while maintaining low computational costs. The research emphasizes the vast potential of machine learning, particularly GPR, in progressing nuclear reactor simulations, highlighting the immense value of combining traditional simulation methods with advanced statistical learning techniques.
Analysis of Regenerative Braking Energy Utilization in KfW i9000 Electric Trains on the Palur-Yogyakarta Operation
Authors: Darmawan Arief , Budiarto Rachmawan , Irnawan Roni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores the potential assessment. of regenerative braking energy in the operation of Electric Multiple Units (EMU) on the Yogyakarta-Palur railway line, a 65.03 km. Prompted by a noticeable increase in passenger numbers in the Yogyakarta metropolitan buffer zone, the study calls for future energy management strategies, involving regenerative braking to reduce energy consumption. Utilizing a mathematical model implemented via MATLAB Simulink, the research encompasses complex train movement scenarios, considering variables such as acceleration values of 0.558 m/s2 and 1 m/s2, and deceleration values of -0.555 m/s2 and 0.36 m/s2. Speed limitations, travel patterns, and energy profiles are rigorously examined, along with incline influences, such as tangent angles of 0.0032 degrees and 0.0017 degrees. In segments like Purwosari-Solo Jebres, electrical energy consumption is quantified at 23.02 kWh, with regenerative braking energy at 1.42 kWh; in Maguwo-Brambanan, consumption is 15.28 kWh, with regenerative energy at 2.42 kWh. The peak power requirements and regenerative braking potentials were also determined, with values such as 619.9 kW and 225.7 kW, and 1785 kW and 198.2 kW respectively. The total electrical consumption for the routes from Palur to Yogyakarta and vice versa was found to be 325.52 kWh and 276.73 kWh, with energy recovery of 31.43 kWh and 26.6 kWh, and average energy recovery ratios of 9.66% and 9.61%.
Effect of Voltage Supply Unbalance on Vibration of Three-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Kastawan I M W , Raharjo P , Kusumah R D , Kurnia M Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The three-phase induction motor is the most popular electric motor used in industry. It has a simple and robust construction as well as a higher power density. It is a self-starting motor, therefore easier to start as compared to other types of electric motor. As the other benefit, a three-phase induction motor requires fewer maintenance measures. In order to maintain proper and continued operation, many parameters of a three-phase induction motor are constantly monitored. Among them is motor vibration. This is an important operation parameter frequently used to determine repair and maintenance needs to be taken on the motor. The vibration of a three-phase induction motor might be caused by mechanical as well as electrical problems. In this paper, the effect of magnitude unbalance of a three-phase voltage supply on the vibration of a three-phase induction motor is carefully investigated. To achieve this objective, two different laboratory experiments have been conducted. The first one is a three-phase induction motor supplied from a balance three-phase voltage supply. The second one is a three-phase induction motor supplied from an unbalance three-phase voltage supply. The unbalanced three-phase voltage supply condition is achieved by making the magnitude of one phase-voltage is 3%, 4%, and 5% lower than the magnitude of the other two phase-voltages. The vibration measurement is then taken in three different directions of the motor non-drive end (MNDE), i.e., horizontal (MNDEH), vertical (MNDEV), and axial (MNDEA). The experiment data show higher vibration in all directions, MNDEH, MNDEV, and MNDEA, as a load of the three-phase induction motor increases. Further, experiment data also show that higher vibration in all directions, MNDEH, MNDEV and MNDEA, is produced when unbalanced in magnitude voltage supply is higher
Water Turbine Guide Blades Effect of Quartz Sand on Abrasion Rate
Authors: Wirawan Tri Susilo , Firman Firman , Anshar Muhammad , Yunus Muhammad Yusuf , Noor Nirwan A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hydroelectric power plants with the aim of being used to generate electrical energy are mostly operated in areas with sedimentation content which can cause wear and tear on the components of the hydropower plant. This activity is emphasized to determine the effect of quartz sand on the rate of abrasion on the guide vanes of the Francis type water turbine. This activity was carried out using a water turbine guide blade abrasion test tool with a guide blade test object made of SUS 304 stainless steel material. The results are presented quantitatively and qualitatively, the greater the concentration and diameter of the quartz sand particles, the water pressure and the angle given at the same time, the greater the rate of abrasion that occurs in the francis type water turbine guide vane. The highest abrasion rate was 5.10 (g/cm2 x hour) in the angle variation test with a constant Q and a water: sand ratio of 70%: 30%.