bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality predictors of pneumonia in children
Authors: Kisworini Priyanti , Setyati Amalia , Sutaryo Sutaryo 
Published: March 2017

Background Pneumonia is one of the main causes of death in children in developing countries. It is important to identify clinical signs, demographic factors, and laboratory data which can be used to predict children who have higher risk of mortality from pneumonia.Objective To find the clinical signs, demographic factors and laboratory data that can be used as predictors of mortality from pneumonia.Methods T his historical case􀀽control study was carried out in Sardjito Hospital between January 2004 and December 2006. Data were obtained from medical records. Differential proportion between groups was analyzed with chi square. Regression analysis was used to identify clinical factors, demographic factors and laboratory factors that associated with mortality from pneumonia.Results Fifty􀀽eight patients were enrolled in this study, 29 patients were dead (case group) and 29 patients were cured (control group). Baseline data between the two groups were similar in terms of gender and mean of age. Bivariate analyses show that the predictors of mortality in children with pneumonia were: age < 1 year (OR3.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 9.08), malnutrition (OR 7.30,95% CI 1.62- to 21.03), age of the mother < 20 years (OR 2.21,95%CI 1.64 to 2.97),t achycardia (OR 6.075,95% CI 1.18 to 31.24), and anemia (OR 5 .83, 95% CI 1.88 to 18.10). Logistic regression analysis shows that tachycardia (OR 6.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 36.17) and anemia (OR 4.41,95% CI 1.25 to 15.51) were predictor of mortality in children 'With pneumonia.Conclusions Tachycardia and anemia play as independent mortality predictors of pneumonia in children.
Nutritional status of school going children and adolescents aged 9-13 years at Haldia in West Bengal, India
Authors: Banik Sudip Datta , Chatterjee Soumita 
Published: March 2017

Background Malnutrition in children and adolescents is a global problem. In developing nations of Africa and Southeast Asia, the prevalence of undernutrition in children is very high. There is scanty data 'With respect to the nutritional status of school going children and adolescents, especially from sub􀁉urban and rural areas in India.Objective A study was undertaken among boys (n = 174) and girls (n = 128) aged 9􀁉 13 years in a sub􀁉urban area of Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal in India to understand age and sex variation of nutritional status of the subjects.Methods A cross􀁉sectional study among the school􀁉going children and adolescent aged 9􀁉 13 years was done during June􀁉September 2009 in Haldia.Results Age and sex variation of anthropometric characteristics (body mass index or BMI and conicity index or CI) revealed that remarkable sections of both the sexes were suffering from underweight (8.30%), stunting (14.60%) and wasting (2.80%). Significant sex differences were observed in cases of mean CI (P=O.OO1), weight􀁉for􀁉age z􀁉score (P = 0.0001) and weight-for-height ,-score (P 􀀂 0.0001).Discussion Besides notable prevalence of under nutrition in both sexes, situation of the girls is worse (underweight - 11.70% and stunting - 21.10%) compared to the boys. This is most evident among the subjects of both sexes aged 11 and 12 years.
Comparison of pulmonary function test results before and after exercise in junior high school students
Authors: Zulkarnain Hendy , Lubis Munar , P. Gabriel , D. Ridwan M. , Lubis Helmi M. 
Published: March 2017

Background During exercise, bronchoconstriction occurs due to heat loss from mucosal respiratory ract. Exercise test can be performed to evaluate hyper-reactivity of the bronchus. The examination of pulmonary function is beneficial to confinn the diagnosis, to determine precipitating factors, and to evaluate disease severity and therapeutic response.Objective To compare pulmonary function test values before and after exercise in junior high school students aged 13 to 15 years.Methods Experimental study of 60 junior high school students from Bilah Hulu was performed using spirometry to evaluate pulmonary function before and after eight minutes of exercise. Results Functional vital capacity (FVC) values before and after eight􀁅minute exercise were 2.20 (SD 0.52) and 2.18 (SD 0.42), respectively. There was no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P>0.05). The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) values before and aftereight minutes of exercise were 2.21 (SD 0.42) and 2.13 (SD 0.50) respectively. There was no significant difference between FEV 1 before and after the exercise (P>0.05).Conclusion Eight􀁅minute exercise does not influence the pulmonary function test results in healthy children.
Rapid improvement of respiratory quality in asthmatic children after "assisted drainage" therapy
Authors: Utomo Haryono , Harsono Ariyanto 
Published: March 2017

Background Whilst current asthma management is well-developed, there are still 5-10% uncontrolled asthma patients with unknown etiologies. However, its connection with oral focal infection is still uncertain. Therefore, a collaborated research for asthma management was conducted by pediatricians and dental practitioners. Within minutes after the "assisted drainage" therapy, a modification of healing root planning procedure, there is rapid improvement of respiratory function, ie., forced expiratory-volume one second (FEV1) in asthmatic children. This quick response usually achieved by oral inhalation.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the assisted drainage therapy in the improvement of respiratory quality.Methods Fifteen asthmatic children were subjected to a longitudinal study for two weeks. In tbe first week they were instructed for al lergen avoidance only and the fOllowing one week was combined with tbe assisted drainage therapy, followed by mental health education and dental plaque control therapy. Each s'ubject was af'sef'sed for respiratory quality with a computerized spirometer and blood sampling test. Paired t-test analysis was used for statistical analysis.Results Assisted drainage therapy was performed, within minutes FEV1 increased significantly (P= 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences serum histamine (P= 0,001) pre and post treatment.Conclusions The assisted drainage therapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy for mild persistent asthma in children.
Acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children
Authors: Tirtamulia Kristellina Sangirta , Umboh Adrian , Warouw Sarah Maria , Pateda Vivekenanda , Regina Frecillia 
Published: March 2017

Background Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by darkening and thickening of skin. AN has been reported to be linked to insulin resistance (IR), that associated with type 2 diabetes, in obese children in many country.Objective To determine the relation between acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in obese children.Methods We conducted a cross sectional study in Wenang District, Manado, from October 2009 until January 2010. We examined 54 obese children aged 10-14 years for insulin resistance using Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). We analyzed the results byT-test and phi coefficient correlation. The value of P<O.05 was significant in statistical analysis.Results Acanthosis nigricans was positive in 33 children. Insulin resistance was found in 34 from 54 subjects, 28 of them has AN and 6has no AN. Obese children with AN had higher HOMA-IR than children without AN. Presence of AN was associated with IR (P<O.OOl, r=0.57).Conclusions There is a weak correlation between AN and IR in obese children. It is important to identify obese children with IR for early intervention and prevention of type 2 diabetes, but AN could not be a reliable marker of IR.
Relationship between obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy in children
Authors: Rompis Johnny , Kaunang Erling David 
Published: March 2017

Background Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) increasing morbidity-mortality rates. It is apparent that a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure and function occurs as excessive adipose tissue accumulates. This leads to a decrease in diastolic compliance, eventually resulting in an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and left ventricular enlargement.Objective To evaluate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among obese using electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 children aged 10-15 years from February 2009 to October 2009. The subjects were divided into obese and control groups. Physical examination and standard 12 lead electrocardiography (ECG) were done in both groups.Results Of 37 obese children, LVH were featured in 3 subjects, while in control group, only 1 child had LVH (P= 0.304). We found that mean RV6 in obese and control group were 9.8446 (SD 3.5854) and 11.9662 (SD 3.2857), respectively (P=0.005). As an additional findings, we found that birth weight was related to obesity in children.Conclusion There is no relation between obesity and left ventricular using ECG criteria in obese children aged 10-15 years.
Clinical manifestations and hematological and serological findings in children with dengue infection
Authors: Karyanti Mulya Rahma 
Published: March 2017

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is endemic to Indonesia and remains a public health problem, with its highest incidence in children. There have been few reports on the clinical, hematological and serological data in children \\lith dengue.Objective To assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of children \\lith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods Clinical, hematological and serological infonnation from children diagnosed v.ith dengue infection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were collected from 2007 to 2009.Results Of611 children admitted with dengue, 143 (23.4%) had dengue fever (DF), 252 (41.2%) had DHF grades I and II; and 216 (35.4%) had DHF grades III and IV. Of the 81 cases where dengue serotypes were identified, 12.3% were DENV1, 35.8% were DENV-2, 48.2% were DENV-3 and 3.7% were DENV-4. Mean age of subjects was 8.9 years (SD 4.4), and 48.4% of cases were boys. The mean length of fever before hospital admission was 4.2 days (SD 1.1) and mean length of stay in the hospital was 4 days (SD 2.7). Common symptoms observed were petechiae, hepatomegaly and epistaxis. Complications found mostly in those with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were hematemesis (30 cases, 4.9% of all patients), encephalopathy (19 cases, 3.1 %) and melena (17 cases, 2.8%).Conclusion Signs and symptoms of fever, bleeding manifestations and thrombocytopenia were present in children 'With DF and DHF, while signs of increased vascular permeability were found only in those 'With DHF. Encephalopathy and gastrointestinal bleeding were found mostly in DSS cases. At admission, leukopenia was found in more DF patients than in DHF patients. Absence of leukopenia may be a sign of more severe dengue infection.
Effect of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy on T3, T 4 and TSH levels in newborns
Authors: Suratmin Suratmin , Lubis Siska Mayasari , Deliana Melda , Hakimi Hakimi 
Published: March 2017

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants is associated v.ith maternal iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Infants from anemic mothers often have lower hemoglobin levels than those from non􀁐anemic mothers. S everal studies have suggested that IDA in infants can impair thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme which is required to produce thyroid hormones. Objective To detennine the effects of IDA during pregnancy on T3, T4, and TSH levels in newborns.Methods We conducted a cross􀁐sectional study from September to December 2010 in two hospitals. Mothers' blood specimens were examined for IDA. Newborns' hematocrit, hemoglobin, ferritin, T3, T4, and TSH levels were measured in umbilical vein bloodspecimens taken at 24 hours of life.Results Mean T3, T4, and TSH levels of 40 newborns whose mothers suffered from IDA were 2.2 nmollL (SD 1.19), 8.4 ug/dL (SD 6.12), and 15.3 mIU/mL (SD 3.99), respectively. There was no significant relationship between maternal IDA duringpregnancy and infant T3 and TSH levels (P=0.96, P=0.29, respectively ). However, maternal IDA significantly correlated 'With infant T4 levels.Conclusion There was no significant relationship between maternal IDA during pregnancy and levels of T3 and TSH in newborns. However, maternal IDA significantly correlated with lower infant T4 levels.
Generational control over young urban couples in West Africa : Involvement of elders in union formation and infant care in Ouagadougou
Authors: Calvès Anne-Emmanuèle 
Published: March 2017

Résumé
Les transformations importantes qu’a connues le processus de constitution de la famille dans les villes africaines au cours des dernières décennies se sont accompagnées de bouleversements tout aussi marquants dans les relations intergénérationnelles. Les statistiques sur le sujet demeurent pourtant rares. En mobilisant les données d’une enquête réalisée en 2010 à Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso, l’étude explore l’implication des parents dans la sélection des conjoints, le mariage et l’entrée en maternité des jeunes adultes. Malgré une liberté manifeste des jeunes dans le choix de leurs partenaires, le mariage demeure une «affaire de famille» à Ouagadougou et les parents sont encore très impliqués dans le paiement de la dot. Le rôle des «vieilles», et notamment celui de la belle-mère, dans la transmission du savoir maternel et dans l’assistance des jeunes mères après la naissance demeure également central, et ce, peu importe le profil socio-économique et culturel des jeu­nes femmes.
Abstract
The major transformations observed over the last decades in the process of family formation in African cities seem to have been accompanied by equally important changes in intergenerational relationships. Statistics on the topic are rare, however. Using unique survey data collected among young adults in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso in 2010, the study assesses the extent of the involvement of parents in the partner selection, marriage and transition to motherhood of their adult children. Despite clear indication of freedom of partner choice among youth, the study suggests that marriage in Ouagadougou remains a «family business» and parents are still actively involved in bridewealth payment in the majority of marriages. Female elders, especially «mothers-in-law», also remain central in the transmission of maternity knowledge and assistance of young mothers after birth, regardless of young women’s socioeconomic and cultural profiles.
Multimorbidity of Four Cardiometabolic and Chronic Pulmonary Disease Groups: Prevalence and Attributable Fraction in US Adults, 2007–2012
Authors: Staimez Lisa R. , Wei Melissa Y. , Kim Min , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Saydah Sharon H. 
Published: March 2017

Background Cardiometabolic and chronic pulmonary diseases may be associated with modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to prevent multimorbidity. Objectives (i) Estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity across four cardiometabolic and chronic pulmonary disease groups; (ii) compare the prevalence of multimorbidity to that of one disease and no disease; and (iii) quantify population attributable fractions (PAFs) for modifiable risk factors of multimorbidity. Design Data from adults aged 18–79 years who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 were examined. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 co-occurring diseases across four common cardiometabolic and chronic pulmonary disease groups. Multivariate-adjusted PAFs for poverty, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were estimated. Results Among 16,676 adults, the age-standardized prevalence of multimorbidity was 9.3%. The occurrence of multimorbidity was greater with age, from 1.5% to 5.9%, 15.0% and 34.8% for adults aged 18–39, 40–54, 55–64 and 65–79 years, respectively. Multimorbidity was greatest among the poorest versus non-poorest adults and among blacks versus other races/ethnicities. Multimorbidity was also greater in adults with obesity, hypertension, and low HDL cholesterol. Risk factors with greatest PAFs were hypertension (38.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 29.4–47.4) and obesity (19.3%; 95% CI 10.2–28.2). Conclusions In the USA, 9.3% of adults have multimorbidity across four chronic disease groups, with a disproportionate burden among older, black, and poor adults. Our results suggest that targeting two intermediate modifiable risk factors, hypertension and obesity, might help to reduce the prevalence of multimorbidity in US adults.
Diagnosis and treatment challenges of parathyroid carcinoma in a 27-year-old woman with multiple lung metastases
Authors: Rozhinskaya Liudmila , Pigarova Ekaterina , Sabanova Ekaterina , Mamedova Elizaveta , Voronkova Iya , Krupinova Julia , Dzeranova Larisa , Tiulpakov Anatoly , Gorbunova Vera , Orel Nadezhda , Zalian Artur , Melnichenko Galina , Dedov Ivan 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare disorder with little treatment options. It could be misdiagnosed in medical centers with little experience in management of such cases. Our clinical case shows that the initial misdiagnosis of a parathyroid carcinoma in a young woman has led to the development of multiple lung metastases, thus making its treatment hardly possible. Initiation of treatment with sorafenib – a multi-kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of different types of cancer but not parathyroid carcinoma – has led to a significant decrease in the size of lung metastases and has prevented the progression of hyperparathyroidism, which is usually severe in cases of parathyroid carcinoma. The detection of a germline CDC73 mutation in this patient has raised additional concerns about the necessity of periodic screening for early detection of renal, jaw and uterine lesions.

Learning points:

Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma may be challenging due to the absence of reliable diagnostic criteria. Thus, thorough histological examination is needed using immunohistochemical staining of resected tissue in suspicious cases.

CDC73 genetic testing should be considered in patients with parathyroid carcinoma.

Sorafenib may be a promising treatment of patients with parathyroid carcinoma with distant metastases.
Delayed dyskinesia and prolonged psychosis in a patient presenting with profound hyponatraemia
Authors: John Victoria , Evans Philip , Kalhan Atul 
Published: March 2017

Summary
A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency unit with a 48 h history of generalised weakness and confusion. On examination, she had mild slurring of speech although there was no other focal neurological deficit. She had profound hyponatraemia (serum sodium level of 100 mmol/L) on admission with the rest of her metabolic parameters being within normal range. Subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer with paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). She was monitored closely in high-dependency unit with an attempt to cautiously correct her hyponatraemia to prevent sequelae associated with rapid correction. The patient developed prolonged psychosis (lasting over 2 weeks) and displayed delayed dyskinetic movements, even after a gradual increase in serum sodium levels close to 130 mmol/L. To our knowledge, delayed neurological recovery from profound hyponatraemia (without long-term neurological sequelae) has previously not been reported. This case should alert a clinician regarding the possibility of prolonged although reversible psychosis and dyskinetic movements in a patient presenting with profound symptomatic hyponatraemia.

Learning points:

Patients with profound hyponatraemia may develop altered sensorium, dyskinesia and psychotic behaviour.

Full recovery from psychotic symptoms and dyskinesia may be delayed despite cautious correction of serum sodium levels.

Careful and close monitoring of such patients can help avoid long-term neurological sequelae.
Proline but not Glutathione Actively Participates in the Tolerance Mechanism of Young <i>Schizolobium parahyba</i> var. <i>amazonicum </i> Plants Exposed to Boron Toxicity
Authors: SILVA Paula Francyneth Nascimento , LOBATO Elaine Maria Silva Guedes , SOUZA PÃªola Reis , SANTOS HÃ©lio JosÃ© Medeiros dos , BRAGA Rita Oliveira , MOURA Adriano dos Santos , LOBATO Allan Klynger da Silva 
Published: March 2017

Glutathione, a peptide frequently associated with the antioxidant mechanism of plants against reactive oxygen species, and proline, an amino acid whose function is related to cellular homeostasis, can both contribute to improve plant tolerance under situations of abiotic stress, such as boron toxicity. Aims of this research were to (i) quantify the oxidant and antioxidant compounds, (ii) evaluate the photosynthetic pigments, (iii) determine amino acids and PRO, and (iv) determine whether GSH and PRO contribute to the tolerance mechanisms in young Schizolobium parahyba var.Â amazonicum plants under B toxicity. This experiment tested five boron levels (25, 50, 100, 150 and 250 ÂµM B), being evaluated physiological and biochemical variables. The values reported to proline levels presented significant variation for treatments with 50, 100, 150 and 250 ÂµM B, with increases for the 150 and 250 ÂµM B levels, being 45.2 and 52.4%, respectively. This study found that boron toxicity promoted similar behaviours in both the leaves and root, which included progressive increases in hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, amino acids and proline, and decreases in total glutathione, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, confirming that proline but not glutathione actively participates in the tolerance mechanism of young Schizolobium parahyba plants exposed to boron toxicity.