bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of telephone counselling and internet‐ and text‐message‐based support for smoking cessation: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Skov‐Ettrup Lise S. , Dalum Peter , Bech Mickael , Tolstrup Janne S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of proactive telephone counselling, reactive telephone counselling and an internet‐ and text‐message‐based intervention with a self‐help booklet for smoking cessation.DesignA randomized controlled trial with equal allocation to four conditions: (1) proactive telephone counselling (n = 452), (2) reactive telephone counselling (n = 453), (3) internet‐ and text‐message‐based intervention (n = 453) and (4) self‐help booklet (control) (n = 452).SettingDenmark.ParticipantsSmokers who had participated previously in two national health surveys were invited. Eligibility criteria were daily cigarette smoking, age ≥ 16 years, having a mobile phone and e‐mail address.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was prolonged abstinence to 12 months from the end of the intervention period.FindingsAt 12‐month follow‐up, higher prolonged abstinence was found in the proactive telephone counselling group compared with the booklet group [7.3 versus 3.6%, odds ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–4.0]. There was no clear evidence of a difference in prolonged abstinence between the reactive telephone counselling group or the internet‐based smoking cessation program and the booklet group: 1.8 versus 3.6%, OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6–1.2 and 5.3 versus 3.6%, OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.8–3.0, respectively. In the proactive telephone counselling group, the cost per additional 12‐month quitter compared with the booklet group was £644.ConclusionsProactive telephone counselling was more effective than a self‐help booklet in achieving prolonged abstinence for 12 months. No clear evidence of an effect of reactive telephone counselling or the internet‐ and text‐message‐based intervention was found compared with the self‐help booklet.
When psychopathology matters most: identifying sensitive periods when within‐person changes in conduct, affective and anxiety problems are associated with male adolescent substance use
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Prins Seth J. , Galea Sandro , Howe Chanelle J. , Pardini Dustin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsThere is a documented link between common psychiatric disorders and substance use in adolescent males. This study addressed two key questions: (1) is there a within‐person association between an increase in psychiatric problems and an increase in substance use among adolescent males and (2) are there sensitive periods during male adolescence when such associations are more evident?DesignAnalysis of longitudinal data collected annually on boys selected randomly from schools based on a comprehensive public school enrollment list from the Pittsburgh Board of Education.SettingRecruitment occurred in public schools in Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA.ParticipantsA total of 503 boys assessed at ages 13–19 years, average cooperation rate = 92.1%.MeasurementsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)‐oriented affective, anxiety and conduct disorder problems were measured with items from the caregiver, teacher and youth version of the Achenbach scales. Scales were converted to t‐scores using age‐ and gender‐based national norms and combined by taking the average across informants. Alcohol and marijuana use were assessed semi‐annually by a 16‐item Substance Use Scale adapted from the National Youth Survey.FindingsWhen male adolescents experienced a 1‐unit increase in their conduct problems t‐score, their rate of marijuana use subsequently increased by 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.05], and alcohol quantity increased by 1.01 (95% CI = 1.0002, 1.02). When adolescents experienced a 1‐unit increase in their average quantity of alcohol use, their anxiety problems t‐score subsequently increased by 0.12 (95% CI = 0.05, 0.19). These associations were strongest in early and late adolescence.ConclusionsWhen adolescent boys experience an increase in conduct disorder problems, they are more likely to exhibit a subsequent escalation in substance use. As adolescent boys increase their intensity of alcohol use, they become more likely to develop subsequent anxiety problems. Developmental turning points such as early and late adolescence appear to be particularly sensitive periods for boys to develop comorbid patterns of psychiatric problems and substance use.
First trimester screening cut‐offs for noninvasive prenatal testing as a contingent screen: Balancing detection and screen‐positive rates for trisomy 21
Authors: Maxwell Susannah , James Ian , Dickinson Jan E. , O'Leary Peter 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo provide data on how screen‐positive and detection rates of first trimester prenatal screening for fetalDown syndrome vary with changes in the risk cut‐off and maternal age to inform contingency criteria for publicly funded noninvasive prenatal testing.Materials and MethodsFirst trimester screening and diagnostic data were collected for all women attending for first trimester fetal aneuploidy screening inWesternAustralia between 2005 and 2009. Prenatal screening and diagnostic data were linked to pregnancy outcomes, including data from theMidwives'NotificationSystem and theWesternAustralianRegistry ofDevelopmentalAnomalies. The prevalence ofDown syndrome and performance of screening by risk cut‐off and/or for women >35 years were analysed.ResultsThe current screening risk cut‐off of 1:300 has screen‐positive and detection rates of 3.5% and 82%. The screen‐positive rate increases by 0.7–0.8% for each 100 point change in risk, up to 19.2% at 1:2500 (96% detection rate). Including all women >35 years as screen positive would increase the screen‐positive rate and detection rates to 30.2% and 97.2%.ConclusionVariation in screening risk cut‐off and the use of maternal age to assess eligibility for noninvasive testing could significantly impact the demand for, and cost of, the test. A contingent first trimester screening approach for risk assessment is superior to the use of a combination of screening and maternal age alone. These data will inform decisions regarding the criteria used to determine eligibility for publicly funded noninvasive prenatal testing.
A randomised controlled trial of peri‐operative lidocaine infusions for open radical prostatectomy
Authors: Weinberg L. , Rachbuch C. , Ting S. , Howard W. , Yeomans M. , Gordon I. , McNicol L. , James K. , Story D. , Christophi C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe allocated 76 men scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy to peri‐operative lidocaine 2% or saline 0.9%: a pre‐operative 0.075 ml.kg−1 intravenous bolus; an intra‐operative intravenous infusion at 0.075 ml.kg−1.h−1; and 24 hours' postoperative subcutaneous infusion at 0.075 ml.kg−1.h−1. Lidocaine reduced the postoperative hospital stay by a mean (95% CI) of 1.3 (0.3–2.4) days, p = 0.017, from a mean (SD) of 4.6 (3.2) days with saline. Lidocaine reduced pain at rest during the first 24 postoperative hours by a mean (95% CI) of 1.8 (0.7–2.9) mm.h−1, p = 0.001. Lidocaine reduced 24‐h morphine consumption by a mean (95% CI) of 13.9 (2.2–25.7) mg, p = 0.021, from a mean (SD) of 52.3 (26.9) mg with saline. There were no differences in other outcomes.
Serum hepatic enzyme activity in relation to semen quality and serum reproductive hormone levels among Estonian fertile Men
Authors: Ehala‐Aleksejev K. , Punab M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the relations of basic semen parameters and reproductive hormones with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT). In addition, to examine possible interaction between adiposity, alcohol consumption, and liver tests in relation to male reproductive health, standard semen analysis was performed and serum levels of reproductive hormones and liver tests were measured in 245 male partners of pregnant women at a University Hospital Andrology Centres in Estonia. Quartile analysis revealed that after adjustment for covariates GGT was negatively related to sperm concentration and total sperm count. These significant changes appeared from a GGT >35.5 U/L. Next to these changes ALT was not related to sperm parameters. Both enzymes, GGT and ALT, were not related to reproductive hormones. Alcohol consumption was positively related to GGT and in cases with elevated GGT alcohol use was negatively related to sperm concentration and total sperm count. Alcohol consumption was positively related to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Our findings also confirm results of previous studies that BMI and WC are associated positively with ALT and GGT. According to the study, increased GGT activity might represent a possible connection between adiposity, alcohol consumption, and semen quality.
MEF2 and NR2F2 cooperate to regulate Akr1c14 gene expression in mouse MA‐10 Leydig cells
Authors: Di‐Luoffo M. , Brousseau C. , Tremblay J. J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryLeydig cells are essential for male reproductive development and health throughout life. Production of androgens [testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] as well as intermediate steroids [progesterone, dihydroprogesterone (DHP)] is tightly regulated. In the mouse, the 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3α‐HSD, AKR1C14) catalyses the interconversion of DHP and DHT into less potent steroids. Despite its importance, nothing is currently known regarding the regulation of Akr1c14 expression in Leydig cells. Recently, the transcription factors MEF2 and NR2F2 were identified in the mouse testis including in Leydig cells where they were found to regulate expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis. Analyses of transcriptomic data from MEF2‐ or NR2F2‐deficient MA‐10 Leydig cells revealed a significant decrease in Akr1c14 mRNA levels. Using qPCR, we confirmed that Akr1c14 mRNA levels were decreased in MEF2‐ and in NR2F2‐deficient conditions. Conversely, overexpression of MEF2A or/and NR2F2 in MA‐10 Leydig cells led to an increase in endogenous Akr1c14 mRNA levels. Recruitment of MEF2 and NR2F2 to the Akr1c14 promoter was confirmed by ChIP while DNA precipitation assays revealed direct binding of MEF2 but not NR2F2 to this region. In functional promoter studies, NR2F2 was found to activate the Akr1c14 promoter while MEF2A on its own had no effect. Combination of both NR2F2 and MEF2A led to a cooperative activation of the Akr1c14 promoter and this required intact MEF2 and NR2F2 elements. Finally, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that MEF2 and NR2F2 are present in the same protein complex. In conclusion, our results identify a novel cooperation between MEF2 factors and NR2F2 in the expression of the Akr1c14 gene involved in the regulation of DHP/DHT levels.
Retro‐rectus repair of complex incisional hernia leads to low recurrence rate
Authors: Warwick Andrea M. , Smart Neil J. , Daniels Ian R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the outcome of retro‐rectus repair of complex abdominal wall repair (CAWR) in a single institution in relation to the use of biologic and synthetic mesh.MethodA retrospective review was undertaken of complex abdominal wall repairs performed by a single surgical team, assessing the outcome of the retro‐rectus repair and factors affecting the outcome.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2013, 57 (33 male) patients underwent CAWR retro‐rectus repair. The material used was assessed as either synthetic or biologic (cross‐linked porcine dermal collagen). The Ventral Hernia Working Group grades were similar between groups of patients having a repair with synthetic and biologic mesh. Median follow‐up in the synthetic group was 18 months (1–80.5) and 18.4 months (0.5–70.7) in the biologic group. There was no statistical difference in seroma, wound infection or haematoma rates. No fistulae occurred in either group. Overall recurrence was 3.4% and there was no statistical difference between groups.ConclusionThe retro‐rectus repair technique is associated with a low rate of recurrence and is now the technique of choice. The choice of material, biologic or synthetic, in Ventral Hernia Working Group grades 1–3 remains controversial.
Surgical ward round checklist: does it improve medical documentation? A clinical review of Christchurch general surgical notes
Authors: Alamri Yassar , Frizelle Frank , Al‐Mahrouqi Haitham , Eglinton Tim , Roberts Ross 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPoor documentation of medical notes and plans not only adversely affects patient management but also has medico‐legal implications. A standardized ward round checklist (adhesive proforma sticker, PFS) was introduced at our institution in 2013 to improve documentation by junior doctors. We aimed to examine the current pattern of PFS documentation (2 years after its introduction) and to identify which fields, if any, have been the most problematic to complete.MethodsNotes of all current general surgical inpatients admitted to Christchurch Public Hospital on or before the two study days were reviewed. All information written in the PFS, regardless of accuracy, authorship or completeness, was recorded. Documentation of the various PFS fields was classified as well documented (completed in >80% of PFS), inadequate (40–80%) or minimal (<40%).ResultsFour hundred and seventy‐nine PFS were reviewed. Most fields in the PFS were documented to an adequate level (i.e. >80%). Problematic fields identified were dietary plans, diagnosis, national health index number, estimated date of discharge and the patient's first name. Notes of patients on outlying ward contained significantly fewer PFS compared with home‐ward patients' notes (0.71 PFS/day versus 1.21 PFS/day, respectively, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study has shown generally adequate patterns of medical note documentation in the General Surgery service. Certain fields remain challenging to document accurately. The proposed modified PFS was designed to help rectify this; electronic data record may be the step forward, however. It is hoped that other institutions in Australasia would benefit from our experience.
Risk factors for new vertebral compression fractures after vertebroplasty: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Junming , Kong Lingde , Meng Fantao , Zhang Yingze , Shen Yong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors for new vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) after vertebroplasty are unclear. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to identify potential risk factors.MethodsA systematic electronic literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library; the databases were searched from the earliest available records in 1966 to May 2015. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐ or fixed‐effects models. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, and Stata 11.0 was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe primary factors that were associated with new fractures after vertebroplasty were low bone mineral density (SMD −0.375; 95% CI −0.579 to −0.171), steroid usage (OR 2.632; 95% CI 1.399 to 4.950) and the presence of multiple treated vertebrae (OR 2.027; 95% CI 1.442 to 2.851). The data did not support that age, sex, body mass index, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug usage, vacuum cleft, thoracolumbar junction, cement volume, kyphosis correction, or intradiscal cement leakage could lead to infection after vertebroplasty.ConclusionsThe present analysis demonstrated that low bone mineral density, the presence of multiple treated vertebrae and a history of steroid usage were associated with the new VCFs after vertebroplasty. Patients with these factors should be informed of the potential increased risk.
Impact of malnutrition on 12‐month mortality following acute hip fracture
Authors: Bell Jack J. , Pulle Ranjeev C. , Crouch Alisa M. , Kuys Suzanne S. , Ferrier Rebecca L. , Whitehouse Sarah L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating the relationship between malnutrition and post‐discharge mortality following acute hip fracture yield conflicting results. This study aimed to determine whether malnutrition independently predicted 12‐month post‐fracture mortality after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates.MethodsAn ethics approved, prospective, consecutive audit was undertaken for all surgically treated hip fracture inpatients admitted to a dedicated orthogeriatric unit (November 2010–October 2011). The 12‐month mortality data were obtained by a dual search of the mortality registry and Queensland Health database. Malnutrition was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment. Demographic (age, gender, admission residence) and clinical covariates included fracture type, time to surgery, anaesthesia type, type of surgery, post‐surgery time to mobilize and post‐operative complications (delirium, pulmonary and deep vein thrombosis, cardiac complications, infections). The Charlson Comorbidity Index was retrospectively applied. All diagnoses were confirmed by the treating orthogeriatrician.ResultsA total of 322 of 346 patients were available for audit. Increased age (P = 0.004), admission from residential care (P < 0.001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.007), malnutrition (P < 0.001), time to mobilize >48 h (P < 0.001), delirium (P = 0.003), pulmonary embolism (P = 0.029) and cardiovascular complication (P = 0.04) were associated with 12‐month mortality. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that malnutrition (odds ratio (OR) 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.7, P = 0.007)), in addition to admission from residential care (OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.3, P = 0.005)) and pulmonary embolism (OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.5–78.7, P = 0.017)), independently predicted 12‐month mortality.ConclusionsFindings substantiate malnutrition as an independent predictor of 12‐month mortality in a representative sample of hip fracture inpatients. Effective strategies to identify and treat malnutrition in hip fracture should be prioritized.
Impact of workflow on the use of the Surgical Safety Checklist: a qualitative study
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Marshall Andrea P. , Gardiner Therese , Lavin Joanne , Withers Teresa K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundRegardless of the benefits associated of the Surgical Safety Checklist, adherence across its three phases remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to systematically identify issues around workflow that impact on surgical teams’ ability to use the Surgical Safety Checklist in a large tertiary facility in Queensland, Australia.MethodObservational audit of 10 surgical teams and 33 semi‐structured interviews with 70 participants from nursing, medicine and the community were conducted. Data were collected during 2014–2015. Inductive and deductive approaches were used to analyse field observations and interview transcripts.ResultsThe domain, impact of workflow on checklist utilization, was identified. Within this domain, seven categories illustrated the causal conditions which determined the ways in which workflow influenced checklist use. These categories included: ‘busy doing the task’; ‘clashing task priorities’; ‘being pressured, running out of time’; ‘adapting processes to work patterns’; ‘doubling up on work’; ‘a domino effect, leading to delays’ and ‘reality of the workflow’.ConclusionsOne of the greatest systemic challenges to checklist use in surgery is workflow. Process changes in the way that surgical safety checklists are used need to incorporate the temporal demands of the workflow. Any changes made must ensure the process is reliable, is easily embedded into existing work routines and is not disruptive.
Retinal artery occlusion due to Bartonella henselae infection: a case series
Authors: Eiger‐Moscovich Maya , Amer Radgonde , Oray Merih , Tabbara Khalid F. , Tugal‐Tutkun Ilknur , Kramer Michal 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeTo report a case series of six patients suffering from branch retinal artery occlusion due to Bartonella henselae infection, in order to raise awareness to this etiology in the differential diagnosis of retinal artery occlusion.MethodsA retrospective case series of patients with branch retinal artery occlusion due to ocular cat scratch disease who presented at four tertiary medical centers in Israel, Turkey and Saudi Arabia between the years 2008‐2014. Data retrieved from the medical records included demographic data, exposure, complaints, visual acuity, clinical findings and imaging, laboratory assessment, treatment, disease course and visual outcome.ResultsThe study group consisted of six patients who presented with branch retinal artery occlusion with or without neuroretinitis. One patient had multiple artery occlusions. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease was established based on positive serology and accompanying systemic symptoms, after ruling out other causes of retinal artery occlusion. Treatment included various regimens of antibiotics and systemic steroids. Visual outcome depended upon the obstructed artery.ConclusionCat scratch disease may cause retinal artery occlusion in infected patients, leaving them with a permanent visual field defect. When retinal artery occlusion occurs as an early sign of the disease, prompt recognition may prevent further events. Thorough history and relevant tests may be of great value.
Dietary patterns and retinal vascular calibre in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Keel Stuart , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Koklanis Konstandina , Vukicevic Meri , Cameron Fergus , Gilbertson Heather , Brazionis Laima 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the association between dietary patterns and retinal vascular calibre in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.MethodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional study of 83 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was conducted over an 8‐month period. Dietary patterns were extracted using principal components analysis from completed food frequency questionnaires. Retinal vascular calibre was measured by a trained grader using a standardized protocol and later summarized as central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) using a semi‐automated computer program.ResultsThree major dietary patterns were identified as follows: (1) processed foods, (2) plant‐based foods and (3) vegetable/fish avoidance pattern. The processed pattern had high component loadings for processed meats and high fat takeaway foods. The plant‐based pattern had high component loadings for a number of fruits including, but not limited to, pineapple, grapes oranges and mangos as well as a smaller number of vegetables, including beans and leeks. The vegetable and fish avoidance pattern had high inverse component loadings for canned and fresh fish as well as a number of vegetables including, but not limited to, pumpkin, green beans, broccoli, sweet potato and cabbage. Adjusted regression analysis revealed the ‘vegetable/fish avoidance’ dietary pattern was associated with a wider CRVE (ExpB = 3.67, 95% CI = 0.11/7.24, p = 0.039). After multivariable adjustments, a vascular risk profile that included: older age, higher BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, greater gestational age, longer screen viewing time, lower maternal education level, lower physical activity levels and lower high‐density lipoproteins concentrations were more likely to display narrower CRAE (ExpB = −2.43, 95% CI = −4.92/0.06, p = 0.041).ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence for a diet–calibre relationship in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This outcome has potential public health implications, as promotion of healthy eating patterns in children and adolescents might attenuate changes in microvasculature that have been related to an increased risk of microvascular disease, such as retinopathy, in adulthood. Additional studies are warranted to explore and validate this novel finding.