bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masters Women Runners
Authors: Ransdell Lynda B. , Wells Christine L. 
Published: August 2016

Women’s running has made significant gains during the past century. The Feminine Sportive Federation International, an international organization for women in sport, was an early advocate for women’s running. They lobbied for the inclusion of 5 new women’s events in the 1928 Olympics, the longest of which was 800 meters. Unfortunately, some competitors in the 800 m event collapsed, providing “rationale” for excluding women from distance racing (Noakes, 1991). Later, the 800 meter event was re-introduced in the 1960 Olympics, and so the interest in “women’s distance running” was re-kindled. Women continued to call for greater challenges, and eventually in 1972, they were officially allowed to run the Boston Marathon (Noakes, 1991). Today, distances of 5,10, and 42 kilometers make up the majority of road races throughout the country. These events are not limited to top-flight women athletes racing for fame and fortune or a chance to represent America in the Olympic Games. Rather, thousands of women—of all shapes, running styles and fitness levels—enter these weekend races, most with little hope of winning a prize.Currently, women runners are recognized at the national level as “open” (any age) or “masters” (40 years of age and older) competitors. This separation is important because performance varies with age. How age affects performance depends upon a number of factors including overall health, injury status, training, and genetic endowment. Considerable individual variability exists, but at some point in middle-age, performance declines. Although equal performance is not likely from outstanding 45 year old and 25 year old competitors, each may be considered an “elite” performer when competition is separated into age groups. The separation of athletes into masters and open categories and further into age groups results in opportunities for many to receive recognition, and for competitors to set and achieve goals relative to their age. Age-group competition has attracted thousands and thousands of “new” runners and encouraged former competitors to “stay with it for a few more years.”Very little is known about women who run at the “masters” level. There is general information about how aging affects the male athlete’s performance, but little information about how aging affects women’s performances. This paper is a review of the literature on masters women runners and a description of 1) their physical and physiological characteristics, 2) their performance, 3) their performance decline with advancing age, and 4) the health related benefits of physical activity.
The Cell Wall Polymer Lipoteichoic Acid Becomes Nonessential in Staphylococcus aureus Cells Lacking the ClpX Chaperone
Authors: Bæk Kristoffer T. , Bowman Lisa , Millership Charlotte , Dupont Søgaard Mia , Kaever Volkhard , Siljamäki Pia , Savijoki Kirsi , Varmanen Pekka , Nyman Tuula A. , Gründling Angelika , Frees Dorte 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria and a promising target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobial compounds against
Staphylococcus aureus
. Here we demonstrate that mutations in the conditionally essential
ltaS
(LTA synthase) gene arise spontaneously in an
S. aureus
mutant lacking the ClpX chaperone. A wide variety of
ltaS
mutations were selected, and among these, a substantial portion resulted in premature stop codons and other changes predicted to abolish LtaS synthesis. Consistent with this assumption, the
clpX ltaS
double mutants did not produce LTA, and genetic analyses confirmed that LTA becomes nonessential in the absence of the ClpX chaperone. In fact, inactivation of
ltaS
alleviated the severe growth defect conferred by the
clpX
deletion. Microscopic analyses showed that the absence of ClpX partly alleviates the septum placement defects of an LTA-depleted strain, while other phenotypes typical of LTA-negative
S. aureus
mutants, including increased cell size and decreased autolytic activity, are retained. In conclusion, our results indicate that LTA has an essential role in septum placement that can be bypassed by inactivating the ClpX chaperone.

IMPORTANCE
Lipoteichoic acid is an essential component of the
Staphylococcus aureus
cell envelope and an attractive target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobials directed against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, we showed that the lipoteichoic acid polymer is essential for growth of
S. aureus
only as long as the ClpX chaperone is present in the cell. Our results indicate that lipoteichoic acid and ClpX play opposite roles in a pathway that controls two key cell division processes in
S. aureus
, namely, septum formation and autolytic activity. The discovery of a novel functional connection in the genetic network that controls cell division in
S. aureus
may expand the repertoire of possible strategies to identify compounds or compound combinations that kill antibiotic-resistant
S. aureus
.
Effect of the Channel Height of the Enthalpy Exchanger on Energy Saving by Enthalpy Recovery Ventilator
Authors: Kim Nae-Hyun 
Published: August 2016

Nowadays, apartments as well as office buildings are built air-tight with heavy insulation to reduce the energy loss from air-conditioned indoor. In such buildings, mechanical ventilation becomes necessity to maintain proper indoor air quality. Ventilation, however, inevitably accompanies energy loss from the conditioned indoor air, which may be mitigated if enthalpy recovery ventilators (ERV) are used. In this study, annual energy savings by installing a 250 CMH ERV in an apartment or an office building of Seoul and Pusan area were assessed with special focus on the effect of channel pitch of the enthalpy exchanger. Separate tests were conducted to obtain performance data of the ERV. The largest energy saving was obtained for the enthalpy exchanger having the smallest channel pitch of 1.8[Formula: see text]mm. Annual energy saving calculated to gas energy amounted to 49 899 MJ for Seoul area. Both efficiencies and power consumption increased as the channel pitch of enthalpy exchanger decreased. In addition, both the temperature efficiency and the humidity efficiency were larger at heating condition compared at cooling condition.
Era um corpo de mulher...
Authors: Rocha Ewelter 
Published: August 2016

O ensaio audiovisual “Era um corpo de mulher...” consiste em uma experiência de escritura etnográfica audiovisual, tendo sido a sua forma concebida sob os auspícios dessa presunção. Nessa perspectiva, desenvolvemos uma narrativa em que sonoridades, imagens, textos e falas se entrecruzam na construção de uma montagem que favoreça imbricar no mesmo suporte a evocação de uma experiência etnográfica e a produção artística que representa seus protagonistas principais. Nesse caso, enfocando as esculturas de madeira e as peças de barro que retratam as beatas de Juazeiro do Norte – CE.

https://vimeo.com/175552589
Frequency of Poor Outcome (Death or Poor Quality of Life) After Left Ventricular Assist Device for Destination Therapy
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Jones Philip G. , Allen Larry A. , Cohen David J. , Fendler Timothy J. , Holtz Jonathan E. , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Spertus John A. 
Published: August 2016

Background—
A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) improves survival and quality of life for many, but not all, patients with end-stage heart failure who are ineligible for transplantation. We sought to evaluate the frequency of poor outcomes using a novel composite measure that integrates quality of life with mortality.

Methods and Results—

Within the INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) national registry, poor outcome was defined as death or an average Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire <45 during the year after LVAD (persistently limiting heart failure symptoms and poor quality of life). Among 1638 patients with LVAD, 29.7% had a poor outcome, with death in 22.4% and persistently poor quality of life in 7.3%. Patients who had a poor outcome were more likely to have higher body mass indices (29.3 versus 28.2 kg/m
2
;
P
=0.007), lower hemoglobin levels (11.1 versus 11.4 g/dL;
P
=0.005), previous cardiac surgery (47.8% versus 39.8%;
P
=0.004), history of cancer (13.8% versus 9.7%;
P
=0.025), severe diabetes mellitus (15.6% versus 11.5%;
P
=0.038), and poorer quality of life preimplant (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores: 29.8 versus 35.3;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Nearly one third of patients die or have a persistently poor quality of life during the year after LVAD. We identified several factors associated with a poor outcome, which may inform discussions before LVAD implantation to enable more realistic expectations of recovery.
Tropical–Extratropical Interactions with the MJO Skeleton and Climatological Mean Flow
Authors: Chen Shengqian , Majda Andrew J. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Simplified asymptotic models are developed to investigate tropical–extratropical interactions. Two kinds of interactions are illustrated in the model: (i) MJO initiation through extraction of energy from barotropic Rossby waves and (ii) MJO termination via energy transfer to extratropical Rossby waves. A new feature, in comparison to previous simplified models, is that here these waves interact directly in the presence of a climatological mean flow given by the Walker circulation. The simplified models are systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for the amplitudes of barotropic Rossby waves and the MJO, and they are systematically derived from the MJO skeleton model by using multiscale asymptotics. The simplified ODEs allow for rapid investigation of a wide range of model parameters, such as initial conditions and wind shear. Zonally uniform wind shear is shown to have only a minor effect on these interactions here, in contrast to the important role of the zonally varying wind shear associated with the Walker circulation. The models illustrate some realistic features of tropical–extratropical interactions on intraseasonal to seasonal time scales. A key aspect of the models here is that the water vapor and convective activities are interactive components of the model, rather than specified external heating sources.
Influence of Oceanic Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves on Eastern Pacific Hurricane Activity
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Jin Fei-Fei , England Matthew H. , Dewitte Boris , Lin I. I. , Huang Hsiao-Ching , Balmaseda Magdalena A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the role of subsurface ocean dynamics in modulating eastern Pacific (EPac) hurricane activity on interannual time scales. In particular, the well-known El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge–discharge mechanism has been suggested to provide a good understanding of the year-to-year variability of hurricane activity in this region. This paper investigates the influence of equatorial subsurface subannual and intraseasonal oceanic variability on tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the EPac. That is to say, it examines previously unexplored time scales, shorter than interannual, in an attempt to explain the variability not related to ENSO. Using ocean reanalysis products and TC best-track archive, the role of subannual and intraseasonal equatorial Kelvin waves (EKW) in modulating hurricane intensity in the EPac is examined. It is shown first that these planetary waves have a clear control on the subannual and intraseasonal variability of thermocline depth in the EPac cyclone-active region. This is found to affect ocean subsurface temperature, which in turn fuels hurricane intensification with a marked seasonal-phase locking. This mechanism of TC fueling, which explains up to 30% of the variability of TC activity unrelated to ENSO (around 15%–20% of the total variability), is embedded in the large-scale equatorial dynamics and therefore offers some predictability with lead time up to 3–4 months at seasonal and subseasonal time scales.
The immunotherapy era of myeloma: monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapies
Authors: Hoyos Valentina , Borrello Ivan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe treatment of multiple myeloma has evolved significantly over the last decades from primarily alkylator-based chemotherapeutic agents with minimal efficacy to the introduction of more effective agents including immune modulators and proteasome inhibitors, which have changed the landscape of therapy for this disease. We are now entering a new era that will increasingly integrate immunotherapy into standard treatment. This review discusses the current immune-based strategies currently approved, as well as various immune approaches being actively investigated including monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
Ultrasound Identification of the Guidewire in the Brachiocephalic Vein for the Prevention of Inadvertent Arterial Catheterization During Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter Placement
Authors: Bowdle Andrew , Jelacic Srdjan , Togashi Kei , Ferreira Renata 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Imaging the guidewire with ultrasonography in the internal jugular vein during central venous catheterization often is used to verify proper guidewire placement and to aid in prevention of inadvertent arterial catheterization. It is known, however, that inadvertent arterial catheterization can occur despite imaging the guidewire in the internal jugular vein because the guidewire may continue through the far wall of the internal jugular vein and into an adjacent artery. We propose confirmation of the guidewire in the brachiocephalic vein with ultrasonography as a more reliable method of confirming proper guidewire placement.

METHODS:
A prospective feasibility study of 200 adult cardiothoracic surgery patients undergoing internal jugular vein catheterization was performed to determine whether the guidewire could be imaged with ultrasonography in the brachiocephalic vein. The guidewire was imaged in the internal jugular vein in a short-axis view, and the transducer was then angled caudally under the clavicle, following the guidewire into the brachiocephalic vein.

RESULTS:
The right internal jugular vein was catheterized in 193 patients and the left internal jugular in 7 patients. The brachiocephalic vein was successfully imaged in all but 2 patients. In 3 patients, the guidewire could not be clearly identified in the brachiocephalic vein because of interference from the leads of a heart rhythm device (pacemaker or defibrillator) or preexisting catheter. In 2 patients, the guidewire was not seen initially in the brachiocephalic vein because of coiling in the internal jugular vein, and in 1 patient because of the guidewire passing into the right subclavian vein, but all 3 were subsequently imaged in the brachiocephalic vein after repositioning.

CONCLUSIONS:
During internal jugular vein catheterization, the brachiocephalic vein was imaged with ultrasonography in 99% of patients (the lower 1-sided 99% confidence limit is 96%). The guidewire was imaged in the brachiocephalic vein in all cases except when leads from a heart rhythm device caused interference, although in some patients with leads, the guidewire could be imaged without difficulty. The absence of the guidewire from the brachiocephalic vein was indicative of a malpositioned guidewire.
Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Thrombocytopenia: Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Registry
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Zafar Aiman , Miran Muhammad Shah , Jani Vishal B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is infrequently performed in patients with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative thrombocytopenia is associated with a higher rate of complications after CEA.

METHODS: We analyzed patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, operative details, and 30-day postoperative outcomes for patients who underwent CEA in the CEA-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Registry. Thrombocytopenia was defined based on the preprocedure platelet count of ≤150  000 platelets/μL. The odds ratios (ORs) for selected outcomes were calculated using logistic regression with stepwise forward selection with age, sex, symptomatic status, and high-risk individuals as potential confounders.

RESULTS: Thrombocytopenia was present in 896 of 8658 patients (10.3%) who underwent CEA: mild (100 000-149 000 platelets/μL) and moderate (50 000-99 000 platelets/μL) in 805 patients (89.8%) and 91 patients (10.2%), respectively. The adjusted rates of myocardial infarction/arrhythmia (3.7% vs 1.8%; OR: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.8; P = .001), unplanned intubations (2.6% vs 1.2%; OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5; P = .001), ventilator requirement >48 hours (1.5% vs 0.7%; OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8; P = .02), deep venous thrombosis/thrombophlebitis (0.7% vs 0.2%; OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.4-9.7; P = .01), and surgical deep incisional infections (0.3% vs 0.1%; OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1-17.4; P = .04) post-CEA were higher among patients with thrombocytopenia compared with those without thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia did not significantly contribute to 1-month mortality or stroke.

CONCLUSION: The higher rate of postprocedure complications in patients with preoperative thrombocytopenia needs to be recognized for adequate risk stratification before CEA.
Developing understanding of challenging behaviour through masterclasses
Authors: Hopes Paula 
Published: August 2016

This article provides insight into the development of a three-hour masterclass for support workers in care homes across Durham and Darlington. The aim of the masterclass was to give practical understanding of—and approaches to—the management of challenging behaviour. A variety of teaching approaches was used to support learning and development. Feedback from support workers was collected and is discussed, along with implications for practice. This paper is structured in line with the layout of the session.
Cinema–in–the–round: Doug Aitken’s SONG 1 (2012), the Hirshhorn Museum and the pleasures of cinematic projection
Authors: Dell’Aria Annie 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the spring of 2012, eleven projectors transformed Washington, DC’s Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden into a nocturnal cinematic spectacle: Doug Aitken’s SONG 1, a 360° cinematic homage to the great pop standard ‘I Only Have Eyes for You’. To experience SONG 1 was to be entranced and seduced by its high production values, rich soundscape and (most importantly) its monumental scale. This cinematic revelling in the image, I argue, is one that operates on registers between the work’s status as film, public art and major museum event to create an active viewer engagement. This article analyses SONG 1 in terms of its institutional setting, its imagery and mode of installation. Using Roland Barthes’s reflections on the in-between state of leaving a movie theatre, I argue that SONG 1 illustrates a mode of public art that uses the moving image’s visual attraction to create positive encounters with art in public spaces.
“High Quality Securitisation and EU Capital Markets Union – Is it Possible?”
Authors: Bavoso Vincenzo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe resurrection of the securitisation market lies at the heart of the recent EU project to build a pan-European capital markets union (CMU). This is in line with the existing policy goal to expand market-based, disintermediated financing channels, which has been ongoing since the 1980s. Initial efforts to restart the moribund securitisation market in Europe have been carried out through a number of public consultations which have more recently converged towards the Commission’s proposal for a Regulation laying down the rules to create a European framework for Simple, Transparent and Standardised (STS) securitisation. This article provides a critical perspective on the EU project to create a capital market union and in particular on the proposed framework for STS securitisation. The critique is firstly centred on the problematic coordination of the different policy objectives, which emerged from the consultations’ responses. Secondly, it points to four specific areas of concern, namely, the difficulty to define securitisation for the purpose of the regulation, the dangers of linkages with the shadow banking system, the unresolved reliance on external ratings, and the question of STS supervision. It is argued in this article that the persistence of these problems in the current design leads to questioning whether a revived securitisation market would still fuel the shadow banking system and create systemic risks. It is pointed out that the difficulty to regulate complex legal relationships typical of long intermediation chains – such as tranched securitisation – makes the proposed framework still weak. This article submits that only a tighter approach to transaction standardisation could ensure the simplicity and transparency that the Commission is hoping to achieve. Equally, a supervisory infrastructure centred on the overseeing power of a pan-European authority is needed to prevent pre-crisis legal problems from recurring.
Whither the Concept of Income?
Authors: Saito Shizuki , Fukui Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Since the 1970s, the decision-usefulness has taken center stage and our attention has been concentrated on valuation of assets and liabilities instead of income measurement. The concept of income, once considered the gravitational center of accounting has lost its primacy and become a byproduct of the balance sheet derived from the measurement of assets and liabilities. However, we have not been equipped with robust conceptual foundation supporting theoretically reasoned accounting measurement. It is not only theoretically but also practically important to renew our seemingly waned interest in the concept of income because ongoing reforms of accounting standards cannot be successfully implemented without a sound understanding of the concept of income.
The Mathematical Modeling and Investigation of the Stress-Strain State of the Three-Layer Thermosensitive Hollow Cylinder
Authors: Rakocha Iryna , Popovych Vasyl 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Stationary temperature distribution in a three-layer infinite hollow cylinder based on the thermosensitive body model was determined. The cylinder is subjected to the steady temperature on the inner surface and on the outer one is present the convective heat exchange. In the second layer exist heat sources with parabolic dependence on radial coordinate. The components of the thermostressed state have been found. The influence of the temperature dependence of the thermal and mechanical components characteristics of materials on the temperature distribution has been investigated.
Analysis of radiative heat transfer impact in cross-flow tube and fin heat exchangers
Authors: Hanuszkiewicz-Drapała Małgorzata , Bury Tomasz , Widziewicz Katarzyna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA cross-flow, tube and fin heat exchanger of the water – air type is the subject of the analysis. The analysis had experimental and computational form and was aimed for evaluation of radiative heat transfer impact on the heat exchanger performance. The main element of the test facility was an enlarged recurrent segment of the heat exchanger under consideration. The main results of measurements are heat transfer rates, as well as temperature distributions on the surface of the first fin obtained by using the infrared camera. The experimental results have been next compared to computational ones coming from a numerical model of the test station. The model has been elaborated using computational fluid dynamics software. The computations have been accomplished for two cases: without radiative heat transfer and taking this phenomenon into account. Evaluation of the radiative heat transfer impact in considered system has been done by comparing all the received results.