bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Core–Shell‐Structured ZnO/ZnS Hybridized with Graphite‐Like C3N4 for Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Changhai , Qiu Yangyang , Wang Fang , Wang Ke , Liang Qian , Chen Zhidong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNumerous efforts have been focused on the heterojunction structure for enhancing the electron injection across the interface in application of photocatalysis or photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis. The electrochemically deposited ZnO nanorods arrays are sulfurated following hydrothermal reaction to form core–shell heterojunction structure. Furthermore, the graphite‐like C3N4 (g‐C3N4) is added into the formed ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanorods during the sulfuration process to get ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode. The heterojunction structure is characterized via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐vis diffuse‐reflectance spectra, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and Raman. The ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode yields a photocurrent of ≈0.66 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is fourfold as large as pure ZnO electrode. The enhanced photocurrent is attributed to the improved separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and accelerated transport of hole to the electrode surface for the oxidation of water. These results suggest substantial potential of metal oxide nanorods arrays with controlled heterojunction construction in PEC water splitting applications.
Understanding the Collective Optical Properties of Complex Plasmonic Vesicles
Authors: Randrianalisoa Jaona , Li Xiuying , Serre Maud , Qin Zhenpeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVesicular assembly of small plasmonic nanoparticles, or plasmonic vesicle, is a promising multifunctional theranostic platform for photothermal therapy, near infrared (NIR) light‐responsive drug release, and rapid clearance of small inorganic particles from the body. Wide ranges of optical properties are reported including characteristic absorption peak in the visible or NIR ranges, or broadband absorption. It is unclear how the complex interaction among a large number of small gold nanoparticles contribute to the collective optical property of a plasmonic vesicle. In this study, the collective optical properties of plasmonic vesicles are examined and four characteristic regimes, namely the isolated nanoparticle regime, Coulomb interaction regime, black gold regime, and nanoshell regime, are revealed. Small plasmonic nanoparticles need to be very close or weakly overlap to give a broadband absorption (i.e., black gold regime) or form a NIR plasmon peak. Furthermore, smaller gold nanoparticle or larger core size leads to higher NIR peak shift and photothermal conversion efficiency. It is anticipated that this study provides design guidelines and thus have a significant impact on further design and development of complex plasmonic nanostructures and vesicles for biomedical applications.
Tunable Black Gold: Controlling the Near‐Field Coupling of Immobilized Au Nanoparticles Embedded in Mesoporous Silica Capsules
Authors: ElKabbash Mohamed , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Nguyen Quang , Mariño‐Fernández Rosalia , Hoffman Nathaniel , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. , Strangi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient light‐to‐heat conversion is central for various applications such as thermo‐photovoltaics and solar steam generation. Although metals can strongly absorb light and generate heat, their free electrons shield the electric field before any substantial penetration in the metal. Excitation of surface plasmons can suppress metal reflection and convert it into a black metal, for example, black gold. In this work, mesoporous silica capsules grafted with immobilized Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes via controlled chemical synthesis are synthesized. It is shown that changing the size of immobilized NPs modifies the interparticle coupling strength, thus, modifying the NPs absorption. The broadness of the plasmon resonance is tuned across the visible, near‐infrared, and short wavelength infrared regions. The ability to control the broadness of black gold absorption is not possible in other systems based on bottom‐up synthesis. The proposed approach broadens the possibilities of utilizing black gold in many applications such as thermo‐photovoltaics, and solar energy harvesting especially in hybrid solar converters.
High Solar Desalination Efficiency Achieved with 3D Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanosheet‐Assembled Membranes
Authors: Mu Chunhong , Song Yuanqiang , Deng Kai , Lin Shuai , Bi Yutie , Scarpa Fabrizio , Crouse David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlasmonic structures are gaining tremendous interest due to their unique capability to trap light into subwavelength units, beneficial for high efficient light harvesting and related applications. Here, a plasmonic structure realized on a monocrystallized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanosheet‐assembled membrane is presented. This unique CZTS structure exhibits high absorption efficiency (≈92.25%) in a broad solar spectrum (200–2500 nm), leading to a solar desalination efficiency of ≈84.5% under 1 Sun irradiation. This highly efficient broadband absorption is due to the structure induced localized surface plasmon resonance absorption. Besides, owing to its high chemical stability, salty water containing heavy metal ions can be effectively desalinated with a constant long time (>20 h) durability using this CZTS membranes as the absorber. The combination of the robust desalination effect, high stability and durability, as well as the low‐cost and scalable process for production, makes this type of CZTS membranes one of the most competitive desalination candidates.
Outstanding Performance of Hole‐Blocking Layer‐Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using Hierarchically Porous Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrate
Authors: Yu Haejun , Lee Jong Woo , Yun Juyoung , Lee Kisu , Ryu Jaehoon , Lee Jungsup , Hwang Doyk , Kim Seong Keun , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are of great interest in current photovoltaic research due to their extraordinary power conversion efficiency of ≈20% and boundless potentialities. The high efficiency has been mostly obtained from TiO2‐based PSCs, where TiO2 is utilized as a hole‐blocking, mesoporous layer. However, trapped charges and the light‐induced photocatalytic effect of TiO2 seriously degrade the perovskite and preclude PSCs from being immediately commercialized. Herein, a simplified PSC is successfully fabricated by eliminating the problematic TiO2 layers, using instead a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/perovskite/hole–conductor/Au design. Simultaneously, the sluggish charge extraction at the FTO/perovskite interface is overcome by modifying the surface of the FTO to a porous structure using electrochemical etching. This surface engineering enables a substantial increase in the photocurrent density and mitigation of the hysteretic behavior of the pristine FTO‐based PSC; a remarkable 19.22% efficiency with a low level of hysteresis is obtained. This performance is closely approaching that of conventional PSCs and may facilitate their commercialization due to improved convenience, lower cost, greater stability, and potentially more efficient mass production.
Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Hole‐Transport Bilayer
Authors: Zhou Zhongmin , Li Xing , Cai Molang , Xie Fengxian , Wu Yongzhen , Lan Zhang , Yang Xudong , Qiang Yinghuai , Islam Ashraful , Han Liyuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLow‐temperature‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be fabricated on rigid or flexible substrates, are attracting increasing attention because they have a wide range of potential applications. In this study, the stability of reduced graphene oxide and the ability of a poly(triarylamine) underlayer to improve the quality of overlying perovskite films to construct hole‐transport bilayer by means of a low‐temperature method are taken advantage of. The bilayer is used in both flexible and rigid inverted planar PSCs with the following configuration: substrate/indium tin oxide/reduced graphene oxide/polytriarylamine/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/bathocuproine/Ag (PCBM = [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester). The flexible and rigid PSCs show power conversion efficiencies of 15.7 and 17.2%, respectively, for the aperture area of 1.02 cm2. Moreover, the PSC based the bilayer shows outstanding light‐soaking stability, retaining ≈90% of its original efficiency after continuous illumination for 500 h at 100 mW cm−2.
All‐Nanomat Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A New Cell Architecture Platform for Ultrahigh Energy Density and Mechanical Flexibility
Authors: Kim Ju‐Myung , Kim Jeong A. , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Uhm In Sung , Kang Sung Joong , Kim Guntae , Lee Sun‐Young , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe ongoing surge in demand for high‐energy/flexible rechargeable batteries relentlessly drives technological innovations in cell architecture as well as electrochemically active materials. Here, a new class of all‐nanomat lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) based on 1D building element‐interweaved heteronanomat skeletons is demonstrated. Among various electrode materials, silicon (Si, for anode) and overlithiated layered oxide (OLO, for cathode) materials are chosen as model systems to explore feasibility of this new cell architecture and achieve unprecedented cell capacity. Nanomat electrodes, which are completely different from conventional slurry‐cast electrodes, are fabricated through concurrent electrospinning (for polymeric nanofibers) and electrospraying (for electrode materials/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)). Si (or rambutan‐shaped OLO/CNT composite) powders are compactly embedded in the spatially interweaved polymeric nanofiber/CNT heteromat skeletons that play a crucial role in constructing 3D‐bicontinuous ion/electron transport pathways and allow for removal of metallic foil current collectors. The nanomat Si anodes and nanomat OLO cathodes are assembled with nanomat Al2O3 separators, leading to the fabrication of all‐nanomat LIB full cells. Driven by the aforementioned structural/chemical uniqueness, the all‐nanomat full cell shows exceptional improvement in electrochemical performance (notably, cell‐based gravimetric energy density = 479 W h kgCell−1) and also mechanical deformability, which lie far beyond those achievable with conventional LIB technologies.
Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic performance of a dinuclear triazenidosilver(I) complex for hydrogen production
Authors: Xue Dan , Luo Su‐Ping , Zhan Shu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2017

Our group has developed a series of molecular electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation based on triazenido–metal complexes (cobalt, copper, etc.). In this paper, we first present the electrocatalytic performance of a new dinuclear silver complex, [Ag2(L)2], formed by the reaction of the triazenido ligand 1‐[(2‐carboxymethyl)benzene]‐3‐[(2‐methoxy)benzene]triazene (HL) with AgNO3. At room temperature, the silver complex shows photoluminescence at 653 nm. The electrocatalytic systems based on this silver complex can afford 106.57 and 1536.36 moles of hydrogen per mole of catalyst per hour from acetic acid at an overpotential (OP) of 991.6 mV and from a neutral aqueous buffer (pH = 7.0) at an OP of 837.6 mV, respectively. Electrochemical investigations show that both silver ion and triazenido ligand play a role in determining the catalytic activities of the electrocatalytic system.
Preparation and optimization of calcium pectate beads for cell encapsulation
Authors: Zhao Shan , Zhang Ying , Liu Yang , Yang Fan , Xiu Zhilong , Ma Xiaojun , Sun Guangwei 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTA variety of natural polymers are considered suitable for cell entrapment. Pectin, a natural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of all higher terrestrial plants, presents great potential for cell encapsulation because of its ability to form gels. In this study, we investigated the influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the formation and properties of calcium pectate (CP). Beads of CP prepared with 30–35% methyl esterification presented improved gel properties. The molecular weight (Mw), calcium content, and gel time did not significantly affect the gel properties. The gelling properties, sphericity factor (SF), and swelling ratio were significantly influenced by the degree of methyl esterification (DE) and pectin concentration. The DE (<40%), Mw, and calcium concentration had negative effects on the SFs of CP beads. Moreover, increases in the DE (<40%) and pectin concentration increased the swelling ratio. The C3A cells encapsulated in optimized CP beads maintained good viability and proliferation for up to 2 weeks. In conclusion, CP beads are a potential encapsulation material for cell immobilization and application in related fields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45685.
Review: Metabolic Control of Immune System Activation in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Perl Andras 
Published: August 2017

Metabolic pathways mediate lineage specification within the immune system through the regulation of glucose utilization, a process that generates energy in the form of ATP and synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids to enable cell growth, proliferation, and survival. CD4+ T cells, a proinflammatory cell subset, preferentially produce ATP through glycolysis, whereas cells with an antiinflammatory lineage, such as memory and regulatory T cells, favor mitochondrial ATP generation. In conditions of metabolic stress or a shortage of nutrients, cells rely on autophagy to secure amino acids and other substrates, while survival depends on the sparing of mitochondria and maintenance of a reducing environment. The pentose phosphate pathway acts as a key gatekeeper of inflammation by supplying ribose‐5‐phosphate for cell proliferation and NADPH for antioxidant defenses. Increased lysosomal catabolism, accumulation of branched amino acids, glutamine, kynurenine, and histidine, and depletion of glutathione and cysteine activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), an arbiter of lineage development within the innate and adaptive immune systems. Mapping the impact of susceptibility genes to metabolic pathways allows for better understanding and therapeutic targeting of disease‐specific expansion of proinflammatory cells. Therapeutic approaches aimed at glutathione depletion and mTOR pathway activation appear to be safe and effective for treating lupus, while an opposing intervention may be of benefit in rheumatoid arthritis. Environmental sources of origin for metabolites within immune cells may include microbiota and plants. Thus, a better understanding of the pathways of immunometabolism could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of the rheumatic diseases.
Two Series of Homodinuclear Lanthanide Complexes: Greatly Enhancing Energy Barriers through Tuning Terminal Solvent Ligands in Dy2 Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Qin Yaru , Zhang Haifeng , Sun Hao , Pan Yangdan , Ge Yu , Li Yahong , Zhang Yi‐Quan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe utilization of 2‐ethoxy‐6‐{[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzyl)imino]methyl}phenol (H2L) as a chelating ligand, in combination with the employment of alcohols (EtOH and MeOH) as auxiliary ligands, in 4 f‐metal chemistry afforded two series of dinuclear lanthanide complexes of compositions [Ln2L2(NO3)2(EtOH)2] (Ln=Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Dy (5), Ho (6), Er (7)) and [Ln2L2(NO3)2(MeOH)2] (Ln=Sm (8), Eu (9), Gd (10), Tb (11), Dy (12), Ho (13), Er (14)). The structures of 1–14 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complexes 1–7 are isomorphous. The two lanthanide(III) ions in 1–7 are doubly bridged by two deprotonated aminophenoxide oxygen atoms of two μ2:η0:η1:η2:η1:η1:η0‐L2− ligands. One nitrogen atom, two oxygen atoms of the NO3− anion, two methoxide oxygen atoms of two ligand sets, and one oxygen atom of the terminally coordinated EtOH molecule complete the distorted dodecahedron geometry of each lanthanide(III) ion. Compounds 8–14 are isomorphous and their structures are similar to those of 1–7. The slight difference between 1–7 and 8–14 stems from purposefully replacing the EtOH ligands in 1–7 with MeOH in 8–14. Direct‐current magnetic susceptibility studies in the 2–300 K range reveal weak antiferromagnetic interactions for 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, and 14, and ferromagnetic interactions at low temperature for 5, 6, 12, and 13. Complexes 5 and 12 exhibit single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior with energy barriers of 131.3 K for 5 and 198.8 K for 12. The energy barrier is significantly enhanced by dexterously regulating the terminal ligands. To rationalize the observed difference in the magnetic behavior, complete‐active‐space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were performed on two Dy2 complexes. Subtle variation in the angle between the magnetic axes and the vector connecting two dysprosium(III) ions results in a weaker influence on the tunneling gap of individual dysprosium(III) ions by the dipolar field in 12. This work proposes an efficient strategy for synthesizing Dy2 SMMs with high energy barriers.
Computer‐Assisted Design of Imidazolate‐Based Ionic Liquids for Improving Sulfur Dioxide Capture, Carbon Dioxide Capture, and Sulfur Dioxide/Carbon Dioxide Selectivity
Authors: Cui Guokai , Zhao Ning , Wang Jianji , Wang Congmin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new strategy involving the computer‐assisted design of substituted imidazolate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) through tuning the absorption enthalpy as well as the basicity of the ILs to improve SO2 capture, CO2 capture, and SO2/CO2 selectivity was explored. The best substituted imidazolate‐based ILs as absorbents for different applications were first predicted. During absorption, high SO2 capacities up to ≈5.3 and 2.4 mol
molIL−1 could be achieved by ILs with the methylimidazolate anions under 1.0 and 0.1 bar (1 bar=0.1 MPa), respectively, through tuning multiple N⋅⋅⋅S interactions between SO2 and the N atoms in the imidazolate anion with different substituents. In addition, CO2 capture by the imidazolate‐based ILs could also be easily tuned through changing the substituents of the ILs, and 4‐bromoimidazolate IL showed a high CO2 capacity but a low absorption enthalpy. Furthermore, a high selectivity for SO2/CO2 could be reached by IL with 4,5‐dicyanoimidazolate anion owing to its high SO2 capacity but low CO2 capacity. The results put forward in this work are in good agreement with the predictions. Quantum‐chemical calculations and FTIR and NMR spectroscopy analysis methods were used to discuss the SO2 and CO2 absorption mechanisms.
Spacecraft Anti‐Unwinding Attitude Control Using Second‐Order Sliding Mode
Authors: Tiwari Pyare Mohan , Janardhanan S. , un‐Nabi Mashuq 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an anti‐unwinding control method for the attitude stabilization of a rigid spacecraft. Quaternion has double stable equilibrium and this may cause unwinding problems in spacecraft attitude control if both the equilibria are not considered in control design. Here, the initial condition of scalar quaternion is included in sliding surface and an anti‐unwinding control method is formulated in second‐order sliding mode. The presented second‐order sliding mode controller can alleviate chattering and ensure a smooth control for actuator. Further, to eliminate the need of advance information about bounds of uncertainty and external disturbance, adaptive laws are applied to estimate the controller gains. The closed‐loop stability is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. In conclusion, a simulation is conducted in the presence of inertia uncertainty and external disturbances and it is found that the presented control method is efficient to negate the effect of inertia uncertainty and external disturbances, alleviate chattering, eliminate unwinding, and ensure high accuracy and steady state precision.
Verapamil‐sensitive atrial tachycardia with a slow conduction zone near the noncoronary aortic sinus and His bundle
Authors: Inaba Osamu , Nagata Yasutoshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Miyamoto Takamichi , Goya Masahiko , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis report presents a verapamil‐sensitive atrial tachycardia, mid‐atrium septum activating the earliest. Concealed entrainment was obtained at noncoronary aortic sinus (NCS), where the local activation was delayed compared to mid‐septum. The tachycardia was successfully ablated at NCS. The entrance of the slow conduction zone was located at NCS.
Uncommon response of cisplatin and etoposide for treatment of advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Panomuppakarn Nathamon , Witoonpanich Patamintita , Waisayarat Jariya , Jiarpinitnun Chuleeporn , Ativitavas Touch , Ngamphaiboon Nuttapong 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageSystemic treatment of Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is currently limited to the use of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is not routinely recommended in the earlier lines of treatment due to the lack of efficacy. We describe a patient with locally advanced MTC who had an uncommon response to cisplatin and etoposide.
Reaction Calorimetry for Exothermic Reactions in Plate‐Type Microreactors Using Seebeck Elements
Authors: Reichmann Felix , Millhoff Stefan , Jirmann Yannick , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA flexible reactor and measurement setup to safely obtain thermokinetic data for exothermic chemical reactions in plate‐type microreactors is presented. Precise heat flux measurement is realized by means of Seebeck elements and allows for direct as well as space‐ and time‐resolved heat flux determination across the reactor. The microreactor used in this work is manufactured from poly(vinylidene fluoride) foils and consists of 11 SZ‐shaped mixing channel elements. The Seebeck elements are calibrated by the Joule effect, while its performance is demonstrated in heat transfer and neutralization reaction experiments. Furthermore, the local resolution enables an estimation of mixing time scale for rapid reactions. A comparison of obtained results indicates good accordance with literature data and is the base of further investigations using the calorimeter.