bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy: Measurement of the Posterior Fundus Spots and Macular Edema Using a Retinal Thickness Analyzer, before and after Treatment
Authors: De Geronimo F. , Glacet-Bernard A. , Coscas G. , Soubrane G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To measure the retinal thickness in the macular area and at the typical fundus spots in a patient with birdshot retinochoroidopathy, using the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA), a new image analyzer involving laser-slit biomicroscopy, and to quantify the changes after systemic corticosteroid therapy. Case Report A 54-year-old man with posterior uveitis underwent visual acuity measurement, fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiographies, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and RTA measurements before and after steroid treatment. Results The thickness at the birdshot spots measured with RTA remained unchanged after treatment, but the thickness at the fovea decreased in both eyes. Fluorescein and ICG angiographies and OCT showed no change with treatment. Conclusions RTA seems a more sensitive method for assessing changes in macula thickness in the course of birdshot retinochoroidopathy and can help document the effect of treatment.
Does Surgical Technique Influence Cataract Surgery Contamination?
Authors: Koç F. , Akçam Z. , Kuruoğlu S. , Öge I. , Günaydin M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare cataract surgery contamination rates in large-incision extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification (PE), we studied 65 cases prospectively. Methods Thirty-five cases were operated by large-incision ECCE (Group I) and 30 by PE (Group II). Conjunctival swab cultures were taken immediately before surgery and anterior chamber aspirate was taken for culture upon completion of surgery for each case. Results Anterior chamber cultures were positive in 22.8% of the cases in group I and 23% in Group II. Frequencies of contamination in each group were no different (x2: 0.22, p>0.05). When the contaminations were evaluated in relation to operating time, prolongation of the operating time raised the contamination rate in Group I (p<0.05) but not in Group II (p>0.05). Silicone and PMMA intraocular lenses (IOL) were tested to see whether they had any additional risk of contamination. The frequencies of contaminated silicone IOL implanted cases (6/26) and contaminated PMMA IOL implanted cases (8/39) were similar (x2: 0.36, p>0.05). Conclusions Although the architecture of the incision and irrigation dynamics provided an advantage to the PE technique as the operating time became longer, routine PE was not superior to classical ECCE with respect to contamination when performed in the same circumstances. Prolonging the operating time raised the contamination rate in classical ECCE.
Lipoprotein (a) in Behçet's Disease as an Indicator of Disease Activity and in Thrombotic Complications
Authors: Gürbüz Ö. , Özdemir Y. , Coşar C.B. , Kural G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the utility of plasma concentrations of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) as an indicator of disease activity in Behçet's disease and to investigate its role in thrombotic complications of this disease. Methods 30 patients (19 male, 11 female) with Behçet's disease (8 active, 22 inactive) were enrolled in the study group and 30 healthy individuals (16 male, 14 female) in the control group. Seven of the inactive Behçet's disease patients had a history of thrombotic complications. The disease activity was evaluated by clinical manifestations (oral aphthous lesions, genital ulcerations, uveitis and vasculitis) and laboratory investigations (leucocyte count, lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) concentrations). Results Plasma Lp(a) and other acute phase reactant concentrations were significantly higher in the study group than in the controls (p < 0.01). These concentrations were also higher during the active period of the disease than during the inactive phase (p < 0.01). Lp(a) concentrations were significantly correlated with concentrations of other acute phase reactants. There was no difference between the groups with and without thrombotic complications for any of these measurements. Conclusions Plasma levels of Lp(a) might be an indicator of disease activity in Behcet's disease. There is no correlation between Lp(a) levels and thrombotic sequela in inactive Behçet's disease. However, further studies are needed on the thrombogenic role of Lp(a) during the active phase of thrombophlebitis, and in larger series.
Keratoconus and Fuchs' Heterochromic Iridocyclitis: A Coincidence or a Defect during Embryogenesis?
Authors: Yagci A. , Uretmen O. , Egrilmez S. , Gunenc U. , Kusbeci T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We aimed to discuss the possible role of developmental embryologic factors in neural crest cells in the aetiology of keratoconus and Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis by presenting this case. Case Report We diagnosed bilateral keratoconus and unilateral Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis in a 19 year old women complaining of progressively blurring vision in her left eye. We also examined most of her first and second degree relatives. One niece had FHI in addition to a choroidal nevus in the inferior temporal quadrant of her left eye. Discussion Regarding the common embryological origins of iris stroma, uveal melanocytes and corneal stroma, it might be worth considering that the combination of FHI and keratoconus is not coincidental. A role of embryologic factors in neural crest cells in the etiology of both diseases cannot be excluded.
Interactions between Ocular Surface Fluid and Cornea Related to Contact Lenses
Authors: Reim M. , Schrage N.F. , Becker J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To improve the quantification of damage to the ocular surface, metabolite levels, electrolyte concentrations, and enzyme activities were assayed in corneal epithelium, stroma and tears. Methods In rabbits, rinsing or contact lenses were used to induce microtrauma. For more severe trauma, experimental injuries were induced with 1 N NaOH. Human accidents included epithelial lesions and mild chemical burns. Enzymatic test systems and electron dispersive X-ray analyses (EDXA) were employed. Corneal hydration was assessed by wet and dry weights. Interleukins were analysed with ELISA. Results In contrast to normal eyes, in ocular surface trauma the interaction between tear fluid and cornea played an important part. After wearing contact lenses or rinsing, glucose and lactate levels in the cornea and in tears increased, and ATP and glycogen in the cornea decreased. After epithelial lesions, N-acetylglucose aminidase (NAcGA, E.C.3.2.1.50) was released into the tears. Epithelial defects alone and – much more – rinsing the denuded stromal surface produced an increase of lactate and glucose in tears and a dramatic fall in Na, Cl, and S levels in the stroma. Rinsing with phosphate induced corneal calcification. IL-1 and IL-6 were increased in human corneal buttons from patients with trauma and inflammation. Conclusions Biochemical analyses may be useful to quantify trauma to the ocular surface.
Susac Syndrome: A Vasospastic Disorder?
Authors: Flammer J. , Kaiser H. , Haufschild T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The Susac syndrome is a microangiopathy that leads to visual symptoms, hearing loss and neurological symptoms. Case Report We report on a young woman suffering from this syndrome who also presented the following signs and symptoms typical of a vasospastic syndrome; 1) a history of cold hands, low blood pressure and migraine; 2) a typical alteration of conjunctival vessels; 3) prolonged flow arrest time after cooling in nailfold capillaromicroscopy; 4) increased resistivity in the orbital vessels measured by color Doppler imaging; and 5) an increased plasma level of endothelin-1. Conclusions We postulate that the Susac syndrome is a manifestation of the vasospastic syndrome.
Multilayer Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Severe Ocular Graft versus Host Disease
Authors: Peris-Martínez C. , Menezo J.L. , Díaz-Llopis M. , Aviñó-Martínez J.A. , Navea-Tejerina A. , Risueño-Reguillo P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To clarify the usefulness of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation in an unusual case of calcareous corneal degeneration in a patient with graft-versus-host disease. Methods A 20-year-old Caucasian woman had bilateral calcareous corneal degeneration of one year of evolution, secondary to graft-versus-host disease. Treatment for both eyes with topical steroids and antibiotic ointment was not successful. Right eye had a spontaneous corneal perforation, and a three-layer circle amniotic membrane graft was applied to the whole cornea. Results During a follow-up period of 20 months we observed stability of the corneal epithelium and stroma. The amniotic membrane-covered area showed rapid epithelization, reduced inflammation and suppressed fibrosis formation. Conclusions Multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation may be considered an alterantive for reconstructing the ocular surface in a patient with severe dry eyes and calcareous corneal degeneration, even with little perforation.
Aerosol Keratopathy: A Revised Maclean Classification
Authors: Al-Abdulla N.A. , Kim M.C. 
Published: January 2018

Case Report Chemical keratopathy has been linked to many household aerosols. We present a dramatic case of aerosol keratopathy. The finding of an unexplained epithelial or superficial stromal keratopathy must alert the physician to inquire about the use of household aerosols near the patient's face. We also propose a revised classification system based on the work of MacLean.
Retinal Vessel Reaction to Short-Term IOP Elevation in Ocular Hypertensive and Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Nagel E. , Vilser W. , Lanzi I.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Regulation of ocular blood flow might be impaired in glaucoma patients. We compared the reaction of retinal vessels to a short-term increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), using a retinal vessel analyzer (RVA), in normal volunteers, ocular hypertensive patients (OH) and primary open angle glaucoma patients (POAG). Methods Ten healthy subjects (56 ± 8 years, IOP 13.7 ± 1.6 mmHg), 10 OH patients (55 ± 12 years, IOD 23.4 ± 4.1 mmHg) and 11 POAG patients (60 ± 11 years, IOP 23.3 ± 1.95 mmHg) were evaluated. Arterial and venous retinal vessel diameter was measured continuously before, during and after raising IOP to suprasystolic values by the suction cup method, described as ocular oscillo-dynamography. Results The change in vessel diameter after the IOP rise differed in its temporal sequence and in absolute values depending on the group examined. In the retinal branch veins the reduction of vessel diameter during the IOP rise was significantly different in POAG (0% ± 6.7) and volunteers (-6.7% ± 8.5; p = 0.06) and in POAG and OH (-6.7% ± 7.0; p = 0.04). At 70–130 sec after IOP increase a dilatation occurred, again differing significantly in POAG (+5.8% ± 3.9) and volunteers (+9.7% ± 4.3; p = 0.03). Systemic blood pressure did not show any significant differences between groups or during the course of the examination. Discussion At short-term rise in IOP leads to less retinal vessel reaction in POAG patients than in volunteers and OH. This might be due to impaired autoregulation to ocular perfusion changes in POAG patients.
Animal and Culture Models of Glaucoma for Studying Neuroprotection
Authors: Levin L.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Neuroprotection aims to treat nervous system disease by maintaining the health and function of neurons. The final proof of the neuroprotective strategy relies on randomized, controlled clinical trials, but the choice of which agents to study for these trials depends on studies in the laboratory using culture and animal models. Most culture models for studying ocular neuroprotection use retinal cells, and a range of mechanisms can be studied in culture, e.g. axotomy and serum or growth factor deprivation. Methods A variety of animal models are available for studying neuroprotection as possible therapy for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Those most closely related to glaucoma are probably associated with moderate elevation of the intraocular pressure to levels similar to those seen in patients with untreated glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Conclusions Care should be taken when applying the results of these models to humans, and there is no single criterion for deciding which culture or animal model is most relevant to the clinical situation. The most important feature is whether the model's results correlate with clinical results, and this information will only become available over time, as randomized clinical trials are completed.
Influence of Topical Brimonidine on Visual Field in Glaucoma
Authors: Lapuente C. Ruiz , Lapuente A. Ruiz , Link B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We evaluated the efficacy of topical brimonidine in visual field preser vation and/or improvement in eyes undergoing controlled glaucoma. Methods Seventy eyes of patients were trained with two different visual field test strategies: The Octopus Tendency Oriented Perimetry (TOP) G1 and the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) 30°. Following 2–4 months of brimonidine treatment, there were significant improvements in visual field, as assessed using the TOP G1 strategy (p = 0.003). The FDT 30° test revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions These data support the results of other studies, which indicate that brimonidine may increase mean sensitivity in visual field tests. Since it is known that the control of intraocular pressure does not fully protect glaucomatous eyes from visual field loss, it is possible that the neuroprotective qualities of brimonidine may contribute to visual field preservation in glaucomatous eyes.
Indolent Corneal Ulcers in a Patient with Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jarade E.F. , El-Sheikh H.F. , Tabbara K.F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of bilateral corneal neurotrophic ulcer in patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) and review the literature. Case Report A 6 year-old boy presented with bilateral central corneal sterile ulcer, decreased corneal sensitivity, moderately altered corneal reflex and normal tearing response. History taken, systemic evaluation and medical chart review were undertaken. Discussion Fifty-two cases of CIPA have been reported worldwide. Fourteen cases had corneal involvement. The clinical picture of our patient is characteristic of CIPA. Conclusions Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis may present as neurotrophic corneal ulcer. We report herewith, this vision threatening corneal congenital abnormality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are mandatory to prevent corneal complications such as scarring and perforation.
Ophthalmologic Findings in Fifteen Patients with Wolfram Syndrome
Authors: Al-Till M. , Jarrah N.S. , Ajlouni K.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To look for ophthalmologic abnormalities in 15 patients with Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD syndrome (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness). Methods Fifteen patients from four inbred families diagnosed as having Wolfram syndrome at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, in Amman, Jordan, were evaluated ophthalmologically. Their examination included best-corrected visual acuity, color vision testing, pupillary light reflexes, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. Fundus fluorescein angiography was done in all patients. Results The prevalence of optic atrophy was (93.3%), color defect (92.9%), cataract (66.6%), pigmentary retinopathy (30%) and diabetic retinopathy (20%). Abnormal pupillary light reflexes and nystagmus were also reported. Conclusions Although our group of patients was genetically heterogeneous, the ophthalmic findings are consistent with those reported in other series, except for cataract which was highly prevalent but mild and did not contribute significantly to loss of vision. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12: 84–8)
Retinal Thickness in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Mapping Software
Authors: Massin P. , Erginay A. , Haouchine B. , Mehidi A. Ben , Paques M. , Gaudric A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To define the normal retinal thickness in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT) mapping software and to assess the ability of OCT to detect early macular thickening in diabetic patients. Methods Six radial scans centered on the fixation point were done on 60 healthy eyes and 70 eyes of 35 diabetic patients without macular edema on biomicroscopy. Retinal thickness was measured automatically with OCT mapping software. Mean retinal thickness was compared in subgroups of healthy patients based on age, sex, and eye, and in the eyes of diabetic patients and healthy subjects. Thickening was diagnosed if mean retinal thickness of an area was greater than the mean thickness + 2SD in the corresponding area in healthy subjects; or if the difference between right and left eye exceeded the mean difference + 2 SD in a given area in healthy subjects. Results In healthy subjects, mean retinal thickness in the central macular area 1000 μm in diameter was 170±18 μm. There was no significant difference according to age, or left or right eye, but central macular thickness was significantly greater in men than women (p=0.0139). No difference was observed between the eyes of healthy subjects and diabetic patients without macular edema on biomicroscopy, but OCT detected early macular thickening in 12 diabetic eyes. Conclusions In this study average retinal thickness and mean local variations in a normal population were defined using a commercially available mapping software. OCT seems a sensitive tool for detecting early retinal thickening.
Comparison of the Effects of Argon and Neodymium: YAG Laser Iridotomy on Cytokines in the Rabbit Aqueous Humor
Authors: Er H. , Doganay S. , Evereklioglu C. , Turkoz Y. , Gündüz A. , Borazan M. , Ozyalin F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We compared the effects in rabbits of iridotomy using the argon or Nd:YAG laser on cytokines such as interleukin 1–beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods Twenty pigmented rabbits (20 eyes) underwent argon and Nd:YAG iridotomy under general and topical anesthesia. Group 1 (10 right eyes) was treated with the argon laser and group 2 (10 right eyes) with the Nd:YAG laser, using an equal number of shots and the same laser parameters for each group. Left eyes in both groups were evaluated as controls. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye preoperatively and 1 and 3 days postoperatively. Results Aqueous IL-6 and TNF-α levels rose more on day 1 in the Nd:YAG group than the argon group. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher on days 1 and 3 than the preoperative and control levels (p<0.05). TNF-α levels on day 1 were significantly lower in the Nd:YAG than the argon group. There were no significant differences between the two laser groups for IL-6 on days 1 and 3. IL-1β and IL-8 did not change Conclusions Our findings suggest that cytokines, particularly IL-6 and TNF-α, may be inflammatory mediators in the early inflammation following argon and Nd:YAG laser iridotomies. These results also indicate that cytokines contribute to the acute effects of Nd:YAG and argon laser applications on inflammation.
Dacryoadenitis as the Earliest Presenting Manifestation of Systemic Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Soheilian M. , Bagheri A. , Aletaha M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case presenting with dacryoadenitis as the earliest manifestation of systemic Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Design Observational case report. Methods A 41-year-old woman initially presented symptoms of bilateral dacryoadenitis. She subsequently developed upper and lower respiratory tract involvement, scleritis and keratitis. Results Cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibody (c-ANCA) titer was positive. The lacrimal gland and lung biopsies were consistent with WG. The patient responded well to cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. Conclusions Dacryoadenitis may be the earliest presenting manifestation of WG and prompt immunosuppressive chemotherapy may control it preventing the limited disease from progressing to a complete form and reducing its morbidity and mortality
Macular Phototrauma after Cataract Extraction and Multifocal Lens Implantation: Case Report
Authors: Menezo J.L. , Peris-Martínez C. , Taboada Esteve J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a patient who developed photic injury after cataract surgery and multifocal MF4 lens implantation Methods A 41-year-old caucasian woman without antecedents of interest was subjected to left catarct surgery involving phacoemulsification with capsular sac implantation of a new type of multifocal lens. A coaxial light microscope was used for surgery. The operation was filmed and anterior pole photographs were obtained. Results Two days after the operation, the patient noted a paracentral scotoma and hand movement visual acuity in the left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed an oval, hyper-pigmented macular lesion compatible with phototoxic maculopathy. Conclusions Phototoxic injury to the macula may occur after cataract extraction. Implantation of an intraocular lens is an important factor in the producion of maculopathy, on account of its light-focusing effect on the retina. This effect was probably increased in our patient by the use of a new autofocus multifocal lens.
Clinical, Genetic and Histopathologic Findings in Two Siblings with Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease
Authors: Zervos A. , Hunt K.E. , Tong H.-Q. , Avallone J. , Morales J. , Friedman N. , Cohen B.H. , Clark B. , Guo S. , Gazda H. , Beggs A.H. , Traboulsi E.I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We present the clinical, genetic and histopathologic findings in two siblings with Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease (MEB-D), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by mental retardation, muscular dystrophy, retinal hypoplasia and brain abnormalities. Methods Clinical, histopathologic and gene mapping studies of a family with two normal and two children with MEB-D. Results Two siblings presented in the first few months of life with developmental delay, hypotonia, and strabismus. MRI of the brain showed colpocephaly, pontine and cerebellar atrophy, and diffuse white matter disease. Both patients were blind and had high myopia, strabismus, and retinal and optic nerve abnormalities. The older boy had glaucoma. Both children died from uncontrolled seizures. There was retinal, choroidal and RPE atrophy and optic nerve hypoplasia on ocular histopathology. Both patients shared the same parental haplotypes at the MEB locus on chromosome 1p, while an unaffected sibling did not, indicating possible linkage to the MEB locus. Conclusions Patients with MEB-D have severe visual impairment from retinal and optic nerve hypoplasia. High myopia appears to be a consistent finding. The ocular manifestations of MEB-D appear to be distinct from those of patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome.