bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate Solubilization from Poorly Crystalline Iron and Aluminum Hydroxides by AVAIL Copolymer
Authors: Doydora Sarah , Hesterberg Dean , Klysubun Wantana 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Dissolved P increased with increasing co‐additions of AVAIL and P to metal oxides.
AVAIL dissolved greater P with Al‐hydroxide than with ferrihydrite.
AVAIL had no effect on P bonding distribution between Al(III) and Fe(III) in mixed sorbents.
Less than 40% of fertilizer phosphate applied to soils is generally taken up by crops because of strong retention of P by soil solids. Our objective was to determine mechanisms by which AVAIL, a maleic‐itaconic copolymer used as a fertilizer additive, potentially affects retention of applied phosphate, and consequently plant availability. We measured competitive sorption of AVAIL and orthophosphate in aqueous suspensions of ferrihydrite and poorly crystalline Al hydroxide [pxl‐Al(OH)3] at pH 6.2, and characterized phosphate bonding distribution between Fe(III) and Al(III) in 1:1 (w/w) mixtures of these solids using P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. With increasing co‐additions of AVAIL and P at the levels evaluated, sorption results showed dissolved P increasing up to 0.45 and 1.25 mM for ferrihydrite and pxl‐Al(OH)3, respectively, which represented 18 and 34% of added P. Negative relationships between sorbed P and sorbed AVAIL implied a competitive adsorption mechanism between these two ligands, and solubilization of Fe by AVAIL indicated complexometric dissolution of ferrihydrite. The XANES results showed that 72 to 86% of sorbed P was bonded with Al(III) in the ferrihydrite/pxl‐Al(OH)3 mixtures, with only a minor (<15%) effect of AVAIL apparent when P was applied at the two levels tested in this study. Our results suggest that optimized AVAIL application rates for enhancing crop availability of P would depend on soil sorption characteristics and the soil content of residual P relative to its soil sorption capacity.
THE TECHNOLOGY READINESS OR SOCIAL PRESENCE, WHICH ONE COULD EXPLAIN THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE BETTER? AN INVESTIGATION ON VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Jubran Said , Sumiyana Sumiyana 
Published: December 2016

Internet technology has accelerated the development of communities from face-to-face into computer-mediated communications. Individuals who joined the virtual communities contributed greatly to building their knowledge by sharing their experiences. This study investigates the individuals’ knowledge sharing intentions using two approaches for the research model. The first approach is adopted from Hung & Cheng’s (2013) model that incorporates technology readiness, compatibility and acceptance. The second approach is a new model built specifically for this study which combines the social presence and compatibility into the technology acceptance. Furthermore, this study compared both models to identify their ability to explain the individuals’ knowledge sharing intentions.This study’s results show that the first model is not better than the second. In the first model, the technology readiness, as represented only by the innovative, is the only one having a positive effect on the technology acceptance. Meanwhile, the three other constructs, i.e. optimism, discomfort, and insecurity are not. In the second model, the social presence and compatibility that are integrated into the Technology Acceptance Model could actually positively affect the technology acceptance.In the technology readiness model, the ease of the technology is not the indicator which assesses the usefulness of the technology. Meanwhile, in the social presence model, the ease of use affects the usefulness of the technology. Furthermore, both in the technology readiness and social presence models, the perceived usefulness and ease of use affect the knowledge sharing intentions. The study finds that the social presence is able to explain the knowledge sharingintentions better than the technology readiness does. It implies practically that virtual community providers should make individuals be more active in their virtual communities. Then, the providers could facilitate the improvement of the individuals’ cognitive capabilities and competencies with their high motivation for knowledge sharing.Keywords: technology readiness, social presence, communications medium, compatibility, virtual community, online learning
The Effect of Visible Light Cure (VLC) Exposure to Gingival Tissue’s Sprague dawley Rats
Authors: Murdiastuti Kwartarini , Suryono Suryono , Moeljono Aini , Sari Mefi Priba , Gamawati Rani 
Published: December 2016

Visible Light Cure (VLC) is a blue light used in dentistry as an activator for restorative material and fixed orthodontic bonding. The wavelength of VLC is between 400-500 nm and considered non-ionizing radiation that can produce free radicals. According to previous research, the light at wavelength < 500 nm could inhibit cells mitosis, cause cells damage, and reduce cells growth and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VLC exposure on gingival epithelial thickness, total neutrophil and macrophage count of gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 Sprague dawley rats, in 2-3 months of age and divided into 4 groups. Each group was 5 rats. The rats in each group were sacrificed before (0 day, as group A) and after 1st (group B), 3rd (group C), 5th (group D) day of VLC exposure, respectively. The exposure of VLC was done in labial aspect of cervical anterior teeth of mandible. The distance of exposure was as thick as 2 layers of celluloid strip and the histological specimens were stained by Hematoxylin Eosin. Each specimen was measured for its gingival epithelial thickness by using a micrometer and the number of neutrophil and macrophage were counted. The data of gingival epithelial thickness from 4 groups were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis. The number of neutrophil and macrophage were analyzed by u sing one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences among groups on the thickness of gingival epithelial, the number of neutrophil and macrophage in the gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats. The result of this study indicated that VLC exposure might decrease the thickness of gingival epithelial but increase the number of neutrophil and macrophage of gingival connective tissue of Sprague dawley rats.
Serum Levels of Apolipoproteins and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brahimaj Adela , Ligthart Symen , Ikram M. Arfan , Hofman Albert , Franco Oscar H. , Sijbrands Eric J.G. , Kavousi Maryam , Dehghan Abbas 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the role of serum levels of various apolipoproteins on the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from 971 individuals from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. We studied the association of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA1, apoCIII, apoD, and apoE as well as the ratios of apolipoproteins with apoA1 with the risk of T2D. All apolipoproteins, ratios, and HDL-C levels were naturally log-transformed to reach normal distribution. First, their cross-sectional associations with fasting glucose and insulin were investigated by using linear regression. Second, Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine whether apolipoproteins predict the risk for T2D among individuals free of diabetes at baseline. We also studied the apolipoproteins jointly by calculating the apolipoproteinic score from the first step and then performing Cox regression with it.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 13.5 years, diabetes developed in 110 individuals. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, parental history of diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and serum lipid–reducing agents, HDL-C (per 1 SD naturally log-transformed hazard ratio 0.74 [95% CI 0.57, 0.97], apoCIII (1.65 [1.42, 1.91]), apoE (1.36 [1.18, 1.55]), apoCIII-to-apoA1 ratio (1.72 [1.51, 1.95]), apoE-to-apoA1 ratio (1.28 [1.13, 1.45]), and apolipoproteinic score (1.60 [1.39, 1.83]) remained significant. Only apoCIII (1.42 [1.03, 1.96]) and apoCIII-to-apoA1 ratio (1.56 [1.04, 2.36]) survived the adjustment for triglycerides in the last model.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum apoCIII levels as well as apoCIII-to-apoA1 ratio are associated with incident T2D. They are associated independent of known risk factors and stronger than HDL-C levels.
Seed Protein Percentage and Mineral Concentration Variability and Their Correlation with Other Seed Quality Traits in the U.S. Peanut Mini-Core Collection
Authors: Wang Ming Li , Grusak Michael A. , Chen Charles Y. , Tonnis Brandon , Barkley Noelle A. , Evans Stacie , Pinnow David , Davis Jerry , Phillips Robert D. , Holbrook C. Corley , Pederson Gary A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Protein percentage and mineral concentrations are important parameters for determining the seed nutrition quality. Although the U.S. peanut mini-core collection is the important genetic resources for peanut breeding programs, the variability in protein percentage and mineral concentrations for this mini-core has not been well evaluated. The lack of information may hinder its optimum utilization. The seeds from this mini-core were collected from two field seasons. Their protein percentage and mineral concentrations of 95 accessions were determined by nitrogen analysis and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, respectively. Significant variability in the seed protein percentage among accessions was revealed, ranging from 20.6 to 30.4%, with an average of 26.2%. Significantly higher variability in plant micronutrient mineral concentrations (more than two-fold for B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, and Zn) than in macronutrient mineral concentrations (less than two-fold for K, Mg, P, and S) was also identified among accessions. Calcium however was an exception, demonstrating 3.7-fold variability among the accessions evaluated. Three accessions (PI 497517, PI 493547, and PI 429429) were identified as lines containing high seed levels of both Fe and Zn. Correlation coefficients were also determined among 28 investigated seed chemical composition traits, using data from a previous study with the same samples. Protein percentage was significantly negatively correlated with seed weight, oil, and oleate percentage. Several mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) were also significantly negatively correlated with oleate percentage. The results from this study will be useful for peanut nutrition breeding and food product development.
Estimation of inventory for deteriorating items with non-linear demand considering discount and without discount policy
Authors: Mondol Manik , Uddin M. Forhad , Hossain M. S. 
Published: December 2016

This paper develops an inventory model for deteriorating items consisting the ordering cost, unit cost, opportunity cost, deterioration cost and shortage cost. In this inventory model instead of linear demand function nonlinear exponential function of time for deteriorating items with deterioration rate has been considered. The effects of inflation and cash flow are also taken into account under a trade-credit policy of discount and without discount with time. In order to validate the model, numerical examples have been solved by bisection method deploying Matlab. Further, in order to estimate the cash flow the sensitivity of different parameters is considered.
Stress distribution in CNT-Aluminum matrix composite by changing distances between CNT bundles
Authors: Chowdhury H. T. , Masud A K M 
Published: December 2016

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are identified as exceptional in terms of mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. CNT based composites are also playing a vital role in several fields of science. In this research, four bundles of CNTs with square Representative Volume Element (RVE) is used and ANSYS Multiphysics 11.0 software is used for simulation purpose. In this study, stress distribution of CNT based Aluminum composite is noticed by changing distances of CNT bundles. Stress distribution and transverse Youngs Modulus are investigated by changing different parameters. From this study it can be known how CNT bundles can be formed together to increase or decrease stress. The brief result is that, if the distance of CNT center from reference point is increased then the stress is decreased.
Flowering phenology, growth forms, and pollination syndromes in tropical dry forest species: Influence of phylogeny and abiotic factors
Authors: Cortés‐Flores Jorge , Hernández‐Esquivel Karen Beatriz , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Analyses of the influence of temporal variation in abiotic factors on flowering phenology of tropical dry forest species have not considered the possible response of species with different growth forms and pollination syndromes, while controlling for phylogenetic relationships among species. Here, we investigated the relationship between flowering phenology, abiotic factors, and plant functional attributes, while controlling for phylogenetic relationship among species, in a dry forest community in Mexico.METHODS:We characterized flowering phenology (time and duration) and pollination syndromes of 55 tree species, 49 herbs, 24 shrubs, 15 lianas, and 11 vines. We tested the influence of pollination syndrome, growth form, and abiotic factors on flowering phenology using phylogenetic generalized least squares.KEY RESULTS:We found a relationship between flowering duration and time. Growth form was related to flowering time, and the pollination syndrome had a more significant relationship with flowering duration. Flowering time variation in the community was explained mainly by abiotic variables, without an important phylogenetic effect. Flowering time in lianas and trees was negatively and positively correlated with daylength, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Functional attributes, environmental cues, and phylogeny interact with each other to shape the diversity of flowering patterns. Phenological differentiation among species groups revealed multiples strategies associated with growth form and pollination syndromes that can be important for understanding species coexistence in this highly diverse plant community.
Very small relict populations suggest high extinction debt of gingers in primary forest fragments of a tropical city
Authors: Niissalo Matti A. , Leong‐Škorničková Jana , Khew Gillian S. , Webb Edward L. 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Tropical plant communities in fragmented forests are likely to experience an extinction debt, i.e., the habitat cannot support as many species as are present due to reduced habitat size and connectivity. There are few estimates of the number of species that represent extinction debt, and the number of extinctions over time has rarely been recorded. We recorded population sizes to assess threats and extinctions in gingers (sensu Zingiberales) in fragmented rainforest in Singapore, ca. 200 yr after fragmentation began.METHODS:We surveyed extant diversity and population sizes of gingers and used the results to estimate species survival. We critically assessed historic specimens to estimate initial extinctions and extinctions realized in present habitats.KEY RESULTS:We recorded 23 species, including five species previously presumed nationally extinct and four species omitted from the national checklist. The revised extinction rate is much lower than previously reported (12 vs. 37%). Most gingers have very small populations or miniscule ranges, implying that extinction debt has not been paid off.CONCLUSIONS:Ginger diversity remains high, but the number of species at immediate risk of extinction outnumber recorded extinctions. Although tropical forest fragments remain arks of plant diversity for a long time, extinction debt may be prevalent in all plant groups in Singapore. Slow relaxation of extinction debt should be explicitly identified as a conservation challenge and opportunity. For conserving plant diversity in tropical fragments, relaxation must be reversed through restoration of degraded landscapes and, where feasible, targeted ex situ conservation and planting.
NEAR-INFRARED EMISSION SPECTRUM OF WASP-103B USING HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/WIDE FIELD CAMERA 3*
Authors: Cartier Kimberly M. S. , Beatty Thomas G. , Zhao Ming , Line Michael , Ngo Henry , Mawet Dimitri , Stassun Keivan G. , Wright Jason T. , Kreidberg Laura , Fortney Jonathan , Knutson Heather 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present here our observations and analysis of the dayside emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-103b. We observed WASP-103b during secondary eclipse using two visits of the Hubble Space Telescope with the G141 grism on Wide Field Camera 3 in spatial scan mode. We generated secondary eclipse light curves of the planet in both blended white-light and spectrally binned wavechannels from

and corrected the light curves for flux contamination from a nearby companion star. We modeled the detector systematics and secondary eclipse spectrum using Gaussian process regression and found that the near-IR emission spectrum of WASP-103b is featureless across the observed near-IR region to down to a sensitivity of 175 ppm, and shows a shallow slope toward the red. The atmosphere has a single brightness temperature of

K across this wavelength range. This region of the spectrum is indistinguishable from isothermal, but may not manifest from a physically isothermal system, i.e., pseudo-isothermal. A solar-metallicity profile with a thermal inversion layer at 10−2 bar fits the spectrum of WASP-103b with high confidence, as do an isothermal profile with solar metallicity and a monotonically decreasing atmosphere with C/O > 1. The data rule out a monotonically decreasing atmospheric profile with solar composition, and we rule out a low-metallicity decreasing profile as unphysical for this system. The pseudo-isothermal profile could be explained by a thermal inversion layer just above the layer probed by our observations, or by clouds or haze in the upper atmosphere. Transmission spectra at optical wavelengths would allow us to better distinguish between potential atmospheric models.
REDSHIFT-INDEPENDENT DISTANCES IN THE NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE: METHODOLOGY, CONTENT, AND USE OF NED-D
Authors: Steer Ian , Madore Barry F. , Mazzarella Joseph M. , Schmitz Marion , Corwin Harold G. , Chan Ben H. P. , Ebert Rick , Helou George , Baker Kay , Chen Xi , Frayer Cren , Jacobson Jeff , Lo Tak , Ogle Patrick , Pevunova Olga , Terek Scott 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Estimates of galaxy distances based on indicators that are independent of cosmological redshift are fundamental to astrophysics. Researchers use them to establish the extragalactic distance scale, to underpin estimates of the Hubble constant, and to study peculiar velocities induced by gravitational attractions that perturb the motions of galaxies with respect to the “Hubble flow” of universal expansion. In 2006 the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) began making available a comprehensive compilation of redshift-independent extragalactic distance estimates. A decade later, this compendium of distances (NED-D) now contains more than 100,000 individual estimates based on primary and secondary indicators, available for more than 28,000 galaxies, and compiled from over 2000 references in the refereed astronomical literature. This paper describes the methodology, content, and use of NED-D, and addresses challenges to be overcome in compiling such distances. Currently, 75 different distance indicators are in use. We include a figure that facilitates comparison of the indicators with significant numbers of estimates in terms of the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum distances spanned. Brief descriptions of the indicators, including examples of their use in the database, are given in an appendix.
THE QUENCHED MASS PORTION OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AND THE ORIGIN OF THE STAR FORMATION SEQUENCE SLOPE
Authors: Pan Zhizheng , Zheng Xianzhong , Kong Xu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Observationally, a massive disk galaxy can harbor a bulge component that is comparably inactive as a quiescent galaxy. It has been speculated that the quenched component contained in star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is the reason why the star formation main sequence (MS) has a shallow slope at high masses. In this paper, we present a toy model to quantify the quenched mass portion of SFGs (f
Q) at fixed stellar mass (M
*) and to reconcile the MS slopes in both the low- and the high-mass regimes. In this model, each SFG is composed of a star-forming plus a quenched component. The mass of the star-forming component (M
SF) correlates with the star formation rate (SFR) following a relation SFR

, where α
SF ∼ 1.0. The quenched component contributes to the stellar mass but not to the SFR. It is thus possible to quantify f
Q based on the departure of the observed MS slope α from α
SF. Adopting the redshift-dependent MS slope reported by Whitaker et al., we explore the evolution of the

relations over z = [0.5, 2.5]. We find that Milky Way-like SFGs (with

) typically have an f
Q = 30%–40% at z ∼ 2.25, whereas this value rapidly rises up to 70%–80% at z ∼ 0.75. The origin of an α ∼ 1.0 MS slope seen in the low-mass regime is also discussed. We argue for a scenario in which the majority of low-mass SFGs stay in a “steady-stage” star formation phase. In this phase, the SFR is mainly regulated by stellar feedback and not significantly influenced by the quenching mechanisms, thus remaining roughly constant over cosmic time. This scenario successfully produces an α ∼ 1.0 MS slope, as well as the observed MS evolution from z = 2.5 to z = 0 at low masses.
CONSTRAINING THE FREQUENCY OF FREE-FLOATING PLANETS FROM A SYNTHESIS OF MICROLENSING, RADIAL VELOCITY, AND DIRECT IMAGING SURVEY RESULTS
Authors: Clanton Christian , Gaudi B. Scott 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A microlensing survey by Sumi et al. exhibits an overabundance of short-timescale events (STEs; t
E < 2 days) relative to what is expected from known stellar populations and a smooth power-law extrapolation down to the brown dwarf regime. This excess has been interpreted as a population of approximately Jupiter-mass objects that outnumber main-sequence stars nearly twofold; however the microlensing data alone cannot distinguish between events due to wide-separation (a ≳ 10 au) and free-floating planets. Assuming these STEs are indeed due to planetary-mass objects, we aim to constrain the fraction of these events that can be explained by bound but wide-separation planets. We fit the observed timescale distribution with a lens mass function comprised of brown dwarfs, main-sequence stars, and stellar remnants, finding and thus corroborating the initial identification of an excess of STEs. We then include a population of bound planets that are expected not to show signatures of the primary lens (host) in their microlensing light curves and that are also consistent with results from representative microlensing, radial velocity, and direct imaging surveys. We find that bound planets alone cannot explain the entire STE excess without violating the constraints from the surveys we consider and thus some fraction of these events must be due to free-floating planets, if our model for bound planets holds. We estimate a median fraction of STEs due to free-floating planets to be f = 0.67 (0.23 ≤ f ≤ 0.85 at 95% confidence) when assuming “hot-start” planet evolutionary models and f = 0.58 (0.14 ≤ f ≤ 0.83 at 95% confidence) for “cold-start” models. Assuming a delta-function distribution of free-floating planets of mass

yields a number of free-floating planets per main-sequence star of N = 1.4 (0.48 ≤ N ≤ 1.8 at 95% confidence) in the “hot-start” case and N = 1.2 (0.29 ≤ N ≤ 1.8 at 95% confidence) in the “cold-start” case.