bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Carbon Stocks Following Reforestation of Pastures: A Sampling Scenario‐Based Approach for Testing the Utility of Field‐Measured and Remotely Derived Variables
Authors: Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Cunningham Shaun C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReforestation of agricultural lands is an important means of restoring land and sequestering carbon (C). At large scales, the labour and costs of direct measurement of ecosystem responses can be prohibitive, making the development of models valuable. Here, we develop a new sampling scenario‐based modelling approach coupled with Bayesian model averaging to build predictive models for absolute values in mixed‐species woody plantings and differences from their adjacent pasture, for litter stocks, soil C stocks and soil C:N ratios. Modelling scenarios of increasing data availability and effort were tested. These included variables that could be derived without a site visit (e.g. location, climate and management) that were sampled in the adjacent pasture (e.g. soil C and nutrients) or were sampled in the environmental planting (e.g. vegetation, litter properties, soil C and nutrients). The predictive power of models varied considerably among C variables (litter stocks, soil C stocks and soil C:N ratios in tree plantings and their differences to their adjacent pastures) and the model scenarios used. The use of a sampling scenario‐based approach to building predictive models shows promise for monitoring changes in tree plantings, following reforestation. The approach could also be readily adapted to other contexts where sampling effort for predictor variables in models is a major potential limitation to model utilization. This study demonstrates the benefit of exploring scenarios of data availability during modelling and will be especially valuable where the sampling effort differs greatly among variables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hidden sister of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: A review on nonmotor fluctuations
Authors: Martínez‐Fernández Raul , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Krack Paul 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTOnly a few years after the introduction of levodopa, the first descriptions of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia related to dopaminergic therapy appeared. In PD, attention turned to their management, that had dampened the euphoria of the “levodopa miracle.” It soon became clear that neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and sensory features also tend to develop fluctuations after chronic exposure to l‐dopa. The diversity of fluctuating nonmotor symptoms, their largely subjective nature, coupled with a frequent lack of insight led to difficulties in identification and quantification. This may explain why, despite the high impact of nonmotor symptoms on patient autonomy and quality of life, evaluation of nonmotor fluctuations is not part of clinical routine. In view of the lack of specific validated assessment tools, detailed anamnesis should ideally be coupled with an evaluation in both ON and OFF drug conditions. The mechanisms of nonmotor fluctuations are not well understood. It is thought that they share dopaminergic presynaptic pharmacokinetic and postsynaptic pharmacodynamic mechanisms with the classical motor complications, but involve different neural pathways. Although symptoms fluctuate with dopaminergic treatment, serotonine and norepinephrine denervation, as well as interactions between neurotransmitter systems, probably contribute to their diversity. The lack of validated tools for assessment of these phenomena explains the almost complete absence of treatment studies. Management, largely resulting from expert opinion, includes psychiatric follow‐up, nondopaminergic drugs, and advanced dopaminergic treatment, including drug delivery pumps and DBS. This review aims to provide a starting point for the understanding, diagnosis, and management of nonmotor fluctuations. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated mesh sampling for the hyper reduction of nonlinear computational models
Authors: Chapman Todd , Avery Philip , Collins Pat , Farhat Charbel 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn nonlinear model order reduction, hyper reduction designates the process of approximating a projection‐based reduced‐order operator on a reduced mesh, using a numerical algorithm whose computational complexity scales with the small size of the projection‐based reduced‐order model. Usually, the reduced mesh is constructed by sampling the large‐scale mesh associated with the high‐dimensional model underlying the projection‐based reduced‐order model. The sampling process itself is governed by the minimization of the size of the reduced mesh for which the hyper reduction method of interest delivers the desired accuracy for a chosen set of training reduced‐order quantities. Because such a construction procedure is combinatorially hard, its key objective function is conveniently substituted with a convex approximation. Nevertheless, for large‐scale meshes, the resulting mesh sampling procedure remains computationally intensive. In this paper, three different convex approximations that promote sparsity in the solution are considered for constructing reduced meshes that are suitable for hyper reduction and paired with appropriate active set algorithms for solving the resulting minimization problems. These algorithms are equipped with carefully designed parallel computational kernels in order to accelerate the overall process of mesh sampling for hyper reduction, and therefore achieve practicality for realistic, large‐scale, nonlinear structural dynamics problems. Conclusions are also offered as to what algorithm is most suitable for constructing a reduced mesh for the purpose of hyper reduction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Very long survival in complete cytogenetic remission in an adolescent with lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia after treatment with intensive ALL‐directed chemotherapy combined with continuous imatinib
Authors: Maschan Alexey , Novichkova Galina , Miakova Natalia , Persiantseva Marina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old male was diagnosed with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 1998 and received therapy with interferon‐α2b and low‐dose cytarabine. In 6 years, he progressed to lymphoid blast crisis and received induction chemotherapy with prednisolone, vincristine, daunorubicin, andl‐asparaginase concomitantly with imatinib 400 mg/day, and continuation with vincristine + prednisolone, cytarabine + etoposide, vincristine +l‐asparaginase, cyclophosphamide + etoposide, and 6‐mercaptopurine + methotrexate. Complete molecular response (MR) was achieved and therapy was continued with imatinib 800 mg/day. He relapsed to chronic‐phase CML after interruption of imatinib and regained MR after its restart. The patient is alive 17.5 years after CML diagnosis and 11.5 years after lymphoid blast crisis.
Strategies for synthesis of epoxy resins from oleic acid derived from food wastes
Authors: Hayes Theodore , Hu Yingxue , Sanchez‐Vazquez Sandra A. , Hailes Helen C. , Aliev Abil E. , Evans Julian R. G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of biomass‐sourced chemical feedstocks creates a conflict over land use between food and fuel/chemical production. Such conflict could be reduced by making use of the annual 1.3 Pg food waste resource. Oleic acid is available from seed oils such as pumpkin, grape, avocado and mango. Its esterification with diols 1,3‐propanediol, resorcinol and orcinol was used to form diesters and the naturally occurring norspermidine was used to prepare a diamide, all under ambient conditions. These compounds were then epoxidized and polymerized. When esterification was followed by epoxidation and subsequent curing at elevated temperature with p‐phenylenediamine or diethylenetriamine, hard insoluble resins were formed. When the sequence was changed such that the epoxidized oleic acid was first reacted with cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride and then esterified with orcinol and resorcinol, insoluble crosslinked polymers were also obtained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3159–3170
Stress relaxation mechanism in the Si‐SiO2 system and its influence on the interface properties
Authors: Kropman Daniel , Seeman Viktor , Dolgov Sergei , Heinmaa Ivo , Medvid Artur 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe results of the investigation of stress relaxation by strain by means of EPR spectra, IR absorption spectra, SEM and samples deflection are presented. It has been shown that stress relaxation mechanisms depend on the oxidation conditions: temperature, cooling rate, oxide thickness. In the Si‐ SiO2‐Si3N4 system the stress relaxation by strain occur due to the opposite sign of the thermal expansion coefficient of Si‐SiO2 and Si3N4 on Si. Laser irradiation allows to modify the system stresses. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of mobile payment on payment choice
Authors: Trütsch Tobias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of mobile payment on the adoption and use of traditional payment instruments such as cash, checks, and credit, debit and prepaid cards at the point of sale (POS). Data are from a 2012 representative survey on consumer payment choice in the United States. Using discrete-choice random utility models to simulate consumer behavior, the estimation provides two major findings. First, mobile payment does not replace physical payment cards, but is likely to substitute for paper-based payment methods such as cash and checks at the adoption stage. Second, mobile payment does not statistically significantly influence the choice of payment means at the POS in terms of usage. However, there is suggestive evidence that it is complementary to card payments and a substitute for paper-based payment instruments. The findings highlight the potential social welfare gains of mobile payment and provide key insights into challenging issues for the private industry sector. This paper furthermore offers novel evidence on the impact of mobile payment on the use and adoption of existing payment instruments and contributes to the literature on consumer payment choice.
More than words: The association of childhood emotional abuse and suicidal behavior
Authors: de Araújo R.M.F. , Lara D.R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundAll types of abuse and neglect have been associated with suicide attempts. However, the association between the level of each type of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior severity (including the progression from ideation to attempts), adjusting for their co-occurrence, is not yet clear.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) to investigate the isolated effects of each type of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior severity. The sample consisted of 71,429 self-selected volunteers assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the following key question: “Have you ever thought about or attempted to kill yourself?” (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire, SBQ-17).ResultsAfter adjusting for demographic variables, and childhood trauma subtypes, severe emotional abuse (EA) was associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, mainly for serious suicide attempts (OR, 22.71; 95% CI, 2.32–222.05). We found associations of smaller magnitude for severe emotional neglect (EN) with serious suicide attempts, and for severe physical neglect (PN) and sexual abuse (SA) with attempts without really meaning to die. No meaningful trend for physical abuse (PA) was found. Using as reference group ideators, EA was associated with serious suicide attempts, with a peak at the 95th percentile (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 2.04–9.41). We found associations of smaller magnitude for PN and SA, and no meaningful trend for EN and PA.ConclusionsSuicidal behavior was strongly associated with emotional abuse in childhood, even when compared with ideators, suggesting that it is a relevant factor for the progression from ideation to attempts.
Health-related quality of life of primary care patients with depressive disorders
Authors: Riihimäki K. , Sintonen H. , Vuorilehto M. , Jylhä P. , Saarni S. , Isometsä E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundDepressive disorders are known to impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL) both in the short and long term. However, the determinants of long-term HRQoL outcomes in primary care patients with depressive disorders remain unclear.MethodsIn a primary care cohort study of patients with depressive disorders, 82% of 137 patients were prospectively followed up for five years. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with SCID-I/P and SCID-II interviews; clinical, psychosocial and socio-economic factors were investigated by rating scales and questionnaires plus medical and psychiatric records. HRQoL was measured with the generic 15D instrument at baseline and five years, and compared with an age-standardized general population sample (n = 3707) at five years.ResultsDepression affected the 15D total score and almost all dimensions at both time points. At the end of follow-up, HRQoL of patients in major depressive episode (MDE) was particularly low, and the association between severity of depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) and HRQoL was very strong (r = −0.804). The most significant predictors for change in HRQoL were changes in BDI and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. The mean 15D score of depressive primary care patients at five years was much worse than in the age-standardized general population, reaching normal range only among patients who were in clinical remission and had virtually no symptoms.ConclusionsAmong depressive primary care patients, presence of current depressive symptoms markedly reduces HRQoL, with symptoms of concurrent anxiety also having a marked impact. For HRQoL to normalize, current depressive and anxiety symptoms must be virtually absent.
Central-Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Québec Intensive Care Units: Results from the Provincial Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Program (SPIN)
Authors: Li Lynne , Fortin Elise , Tremblay Claude , Ngenda-Muadi Muleka , Quach Caroline ,   for SPIN-BACC
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDFollowing implementation of bundled practices in 2009 in Quebec and Canadian intensive care units (ICUs), we describe CLABSI epidemiology during the last 8 years in the province of Québec (Canada) and compare rates with Canadian and American benchmarks.METHODSCLABSI incidence rates (IRs) and central venous catheter utilization ratios (CVCURs) by year and ICU type were calculated using 2007–2014 data from the Surveillance Provinciale des Infections Nosocomiales (SPIN) program. Using American and Canadian surveillance data, we compared SPIN IRs to rates in other jurisdictions using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).RESULTSIn total, 1,355 lab-confirmed CLABSIs over 911,205 central venous catheter days (CVC days) were recorded. The overall pooled incidence rate (IR) was 1.49 cases per 1,000 CVC days. IRs for adult teaching ICUs, nonteaching ICUs, neonatal ICUs (NICUs), and pediatric ICUs (PICUs) were 1.04, 0.91, 4.20, and 2.15 cases per 1,000 CVC days, respectively. Using fixed SPIN 2007–2009 benchmarks, CLABSI rates had decreased significantly in all ICUs except for PICUs by 2014. Rates declined by 55% in adult teaching ICUs, 52% in adult nonteaching ICUs, and 38% in NICUs. Using dynamic American and Canadian CLABSI rates as benchmarks, SPIN adult teaching ICU rates were significantly lower and adult nonteaching ICUs had lower or comparable rates, whereas NICU and PICU rates were higher.CONCLUSIONQuébec ICU CLABSI surveillance shows declining CLABSI rates in adult ICUs. The absence of a decrease in CLABSI rate in NICUs and PICUs highlights the need for continued surveillance and analysis of factors contributing to higher rates in these populations.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–9
The impact of equol-producing status in modifying the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Birru Rahel L. , Ahuja Vasudha , Vishnu Abhishek , Evans Rhobert W. , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Miura Katsuyuki , Usui Takeshi , Sekikawa Akira 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the ability to produce equol, a metabolite of the soya isoflavone daidzein, is beneficial to coronary health. Equol, generated by bacterial action on isoflavones in the human gut, is biologically more potent than dietary sources of isoflavones. Not all humans are equol producers. We investigated whether equol-producing status is favourably associated with risk factors for CHD following an intervention by dietary soya isoflavones. We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD and that reported equol-producing status. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials published up to April 2015 and hand-searched bibliographies to identify the RCT. Characteristics of participants and outcomes measurements were extracted and qualitatively analysed. From a total of 1671 studies, we identified forty-two articles that satisfied our search criteria. The effects of equol on risk factors for CHD were mainly based on secondary analyses in these studies, thus with inadequate statistical power. Although fourteen out of the forty-two studies found that equol production after a soya isoflavone intervention significantly improved a range of risk factors including cholesterol and other lipids, inflammation and blood pressure variables, these results need further verification by sufficiently powered studies. The other twenty-eight studies primarily reported null results. RCT of equol, which has recently become available as a dietary supplement, on CHD and its risk factors are awaited.
A neural network approach to the calibration of a flush air data system
Authors: Crowther W. J. , Lamont P. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA flush air data system uses surface pressure measurements to obtain speed and aerodynamic orientation of a flight vehicle. This paper investigates the use of a neural network to calibrate the air data system on a low-observable aircraft forebody with 22 pressure tappings. Wind tunnel data were obtained for between 0 and 25° angle of attack, 0 to 10° sideslip for speeds of 32, 37 and 45ms-1. Experimental data were used to train multilayer perceptron neural networks. A calibration accuracy of 0·322ms-1, 0·811° and 0·552° for speed, alpha and beta respectively was achieved just using the first five tappings on the nose cone. Increasing the number of tappings used as inputs to the neural network reduces the calibration error. A neural network with 22 inputs gives a best accuracy of 0·095ms-1, 0·15° and 0·085° for speed, α and β respectively. Trained networks show poor robustness to single sensor failures. Robustness is improved by preprocessing input data with an autoassociative network or by introducing sensor redundancy.
A technique for predicting pilot model parameters using inverse simulation
Authors: Leacock G. R. , Thomson D. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe practice of using mathematical models to simulate pilot behaviour in one–axis stabilisation tasks is a well–known conventional simulation problem. In this paper an accepted mathematical model of a pilot is used as the controller of a rudimentary helicopter model. Flight test manoeuvre data from inverse simulation runs is used to provide time–histories which represent input forcing functions to the pilot–helicopter system, and a constrained optimisation routine is utilised to obtain values for the pilot gain and lead/lag equalisation parameters. It will be shown that as the theoretical pilot is required to ‘fly’ different manoeuvres, or indeed if the level of manoeuvre aggression is varied, the ‘pilot’ adjusts these parameters to perform a tracking task in compensatory control. The paper considers initially the pilot and helicopter models and subsequently analyses the whole system, illustrating how the pilot model changes with different situations.
Laplace-domain approximation to the transfer functions of a rotor blade in forward flight
Authors: F. Nitzsche  
Published: July 2016

AbstractA continuous frequency domain method with roots on the classic Hill’s determinant analysis is presented to approximate the time-varying characteristics of a linear periodic system. The method is particularly useful to derive a time-invariant equivalent form of the time-varying aeroelastic problem of a rotor blade in forward flight. The proposed technique allows methodology usually employed in fixed wing aircraft to obtain closed-loop control laws be extended to rotary wings. The method is first validated solving Mathieu’s equation. Next, the two-degree-of-freedom (flap bending and torsion) problem of rotating beam subject to unsteady and incompressible aerodynamics in forward flight is solved in the laplace domain. As a demonstration of the proposed method, the transfer functions in the ‘s’ plane between a sudden and uniformly distributed input pressure perturbation applied along the beam and the output response of the two elastic degrees of freedom considered are obtained at a set of local sections.
The application of self-organising fuzzy control to station-keeping in unmanned air vehicles
Authors: Platts J. T. , Forsythe W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on part of a larger study examining the applicability of fuzzy logic to the higher level supervisory control functions of unmanned air vehicles and details the work so far in testing the feasibility of a candidate self-organising scheme. The candidate algorithm consists of a regular fuzzy control system whose rule set is improved over time as a function of the deviation of the plant from some desired performance. Historically, virtually all work in this area has examined the application of the algorithm to the classic regulator problem, and focussed on achieving both better performance in that role and establishing tuning guidelines based on a more systematic approach. The application discussed in this paper is assessing the algorithm to ascertain its possible utility in the higher level supervisory capacities. The candidate control problem was one of station-keeping of one air vehicle behind another.
Extensions to Maskell’s theory for blockage effects on bluff bodies in a closed wind tunnel
Authors: Hackett J. E. , Cooper K. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtensions to Maskell’s original correction method, developed over several years, are consolidated and designated ‘Maskell III’. The procedures were applied to dedicated tests on a family of flat-plate wing models in a small, low-speed wind tunnel at NRC. Test conditions included angles of attack from -10° to 110° and models of up to 16% of tunnel area. Off-centre tests were included with model-to-wall distances down to 0.72 chords. Corrected lift and drag data correlated well between models of different sizes and at different offsets from the tunnel centreline. Comparisons are made with corrections using the pressure-signature and two-variable methods, emphasising post-stall conditions. These showed that the ‘Maskell III’ procedures, which require minimal input, correlated as well as the other methods for most model sizes and positions in the tunnel.