bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolism occurring during adolescence
Authors: Biss Tina , Alikhan Raza , Payne Jeanette , Alamelu Jayanthi , Williams Michael , Richards Michael , Mathias Mary , Tunstall Oliver , Chalmers Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveRisk assessment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and thromboprophylaxis in those with risk factors is established in adult practice. Evidence to support efficacy and safety of this approach in adolescents is lacking. We aimed to describe thrombotic risk factors and to determine the proportion of potentially preventable events in a retrospective cohort study of adolescents with VTE.Design, setting and patientsData were collected between 2008 and 2014 from eight tertiary UK centres. Qualifying events were radiologically confirmed VTE in subjects aged 12–17 years. Central venous line-related upper venous system events were excluded.Results76 cases were identified, 41 males, median age 15 years. Frequent risk factors were: reduced mobility, 45%; thrombophilia, 24%; malignancy, 20%; surgery, 18%; combined oral contraceptive pill, 12%; congenital venous anomaly, 5%. 28 (37%) had no significant underlying diagnosis and no provoking event/hospitalisation, presenting as outpatients with VTE which was considered ‘unpreventable’. Of 48 where there had been opportunity for risk assessment, chemical thromboprophylaxis was not indicated in 26 and was contraindicated in 8. 14/76 (18%) had an indication to consider thromboprophylaxis and no contraindication. Of these, four had cerebral palsy, five malignancy and two inflammatory bowel disease. All had reduced mobility with recent surgery in eight. Four received chemical thromboprophylaxis prior to presentation.ConclusionsAmong a cohort of adolescents with VTE, a small proportion (13%) had an indication to consider chemical thromboprophylaxis but did not receive it. VTE risk assessment and prevention should focus on adolescents with immobility or surgery, particularly in those with malignancy.
A cognitive network for oracle bone characters related to animals
Authors: Dress Andreas , Grünewald Stefan , Zeng Zhenbing 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we present an analysis of oracle bone characters for animals from a “cognitive” point of view. After some general remarks on oracle-bone characters presented in Sec. 1 and a short outline of the paper in Sec. 2, we collect various oracle-bone characters for animals from published resources in Sec. 3. In the next section, we begin analyzing a group of 60 ancient animal characters from www.zdic.net , a highly acclaimed internet dictionary of Chinese characters that is strictly based on historical sources, and introduce five categories of specific features regarding their (graphical) structure that will be used in Sec. 5 to associate corresponding feature vectors to these characters. In Sec. 6, these feature vectors will be used to investigate their dissimilarity in terms of a family of parameterized distance measures. And in the last section, we apply the SplitsTree method as encoded in the NeighborNet algorithms to construct a corresponding family of dissimilarity-based networks with the intention of elucidating how the ancient Chinese might have perceived the “animal world” in the late bronze age and to demonstrate that these pictographs reflect an intuitive understanding of this world and its inherent structure that predates its classification in the oldest surviving Chinese encyclopedia from approximately the third century BC, the Er Ya, as well as similar classification systems in the West by one to two millennia. We also present an English dictionary of 70 oracle bone characters for animals in Appendix A. In Appendix B, we list various variants of animal characters that were published in the Jia Gu Wen Bian (cf. 甲骨文编, A Complete Collection of Oracle Bone Characters, edited by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published by the Zhonghua Book Company in 1965). We recall the frequencies of the 521 most frequent oracle bone characters in Appendix C as reported in [T. Chen, Yin-Shang Jiaguwen Zixing Xitong Zai Yanjiu, (The Structural System of Oracle Inscriptions) (Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, Shanghai, 2010); Jiaguwen Shiwen Yongzi Pinlü Biao (A Frequency List of Oracle Characters), Center for the Study and Application of Chinese Characters (East China Normal University, Shanghai, 2010), http://www.wenzi.cn/en/default.aspx . And in Appendix D, we list the animals registered in the last five chapters of the Er Ya.
Observation of blue phase in chiral nematic liquid crystal and its stabilization by silica nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Malik Praveen , Jayoti Divya 
Published: January 2016

In the present work, we report the blue phase (BP) in a binary mixture of cholesteryl nonanoate (CN) and N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (EBBA). The mixture exhibits BP over a temperature range of 2.3 K at optimum composition (50:50) of liquid crystals (LCs). The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) doping on thermal stability of BPs has also been demonstrated and nearly 6 K wide BP temperature range was achieved at 0.5 wt.% of SNPs. A porous type texture was also observed during the BP formation process in the doped samples.
Tunable and switchable resonance in optically-controlled nested metamaterials at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Che Yong-Li , Cao Xiao-Long , Yao Jian-Quan 
Published: January 2016

The asymmetrical nested metamaterial, composed of two split-ring resonators (SRRs) and two embedded gallium arsenide (GaAs) islands placed in the two SRRs, has been elaborately designed on quartz substrate. Its tunable and switchable resonances at terahertz (THz) frequencies are numerically demonstrated here based on different conductivities of GaAs, which can be transformed from semiconductor to metallic state through appropriate optical excitation. Without photoexcitation, our designed metamaterial has three resonance peaks in the range of monitored frequency range, and they are located at 0.813, 1.269 and 1.722 THz, respectively. As the conductivity of the two GaAs islands increases, different new resonances appear and constantly strengthen. Finally, four new resonant points are generated, at 0.432, 0.948, 1.578 and 1.875 THz, respectively. At the same time, the metamaterial structure is changed from the original nested mode to a new integral mode. Applying reversible changing conductivity of semiconductor to push the conversion of resonance, this asymmetrical nested design provides a new instance in application and development of additional THz devices.
Uniform energy bound and asymptotics for the Maxwell field on a slowly rotating Kerr black hole exterior
Authors: Andersson Lars , Blue Pieter 
Published: January 2016

We consider the Maxwell equation in the exterior of a very slowly rotating Kerr black hole. For this system, we prove the boundedness of a positive definite energy on each hypersurface of constant [Formula: see text]. We also prove the convergence of each solution to a stationary Coulomb solution. We separate a general solution into the charged, Coulomb part and the uncharged part. Convergence to the Coulomb solutions follows from the fact that the uncharged part satisfies a Morawetz estimate, i.e. that a spatially localized energy density is integrable in time. For the unchanged part, we study both the full Maxwell equation and the Fackerell–Ipser equation for one component. To treat the Fackerell–Ipser equation, we use a Fourier transform in [Formula: see text]. For the Fackerell–Ipser equation, we prove a refined Morawetz estimate that controls 3/2 derivatives with no loss near the orbiting null geodesics.
NADPH Oxidase 1 Activity and ROS Generation Are Regulated by Grb2/Cbl-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of NoxO1 in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Joo Jung Hee , Oh Hyunjin , Kim Myungjin , An Eun Jung , Kim Rae-Kwon , Lee So-Young , Kang Dong Hoon , Kang Sang Won , Keun Park Cheol , Kim Hoguen , Lee Su-Jae , Lee Daekee , Seol Jae Hong , Bae Yun Soo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for proper cell signaling, but must be tightly regulated to minimize deleterious oxidizing effects. Activation of the NADPH oxidases (Nox) triggers ROS production and, thus, regulatory mechanisms exist to properly control Nox activity. In this study, we report a novel mechanism in which Nox1 activity is regulated through the proteasomal degradation of Nox organizer 1 (NoxO1). We found that through the interaction between NoxO1 and growth receptor–bound protein 2 (Grb2), the Casitas B–lineage lymphoma (Cbl) E3 ligase was recruited, leading to decreased NoxO1 stability and a subsequent reduction in ROS generation upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Additionally, we show that EGF-mediated phosphorylation of NoxO1 induced its release from Grb2 and facilitated its association with Nox activator 1 (NoxA1) to stimulate ROS production. Consistently, overexpression of Grb2 resulted in decreased Nox1 activity, whereas knockdown of Grb2 led to increased Nox1 activity in response to EGF. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NoxO1 knockout in human colon cancer cells abrogated anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumor-forming ability in athymic nude mice. Moreover, the expression and stability of NoxO1 were significantly increased in human colon cancer tissues compared with normal colon. Taken together, these results support a model whereby Nox1 activity and ROS generation are regulated by Grb2/Cbl-mediated proteolysis of NoxO1 in response to EGF, providing new insight into the processes by which excessive ROS production may promote oncogenic signaling to drive colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 76(4); 855–65. ©2016 AACR.
PD-1 Blockade Expands Intratumoral Memory T Cells
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Zaretsky Jesse , Frederiksen Juliet , Cornish Andrew , Avramis Earl , Seja Elizabeth , Kivork Christine , Siebert Janet , Kaplan-Lefko Paula , Wang Xiaoyan , Chmielowski Bartosz , Glaspy John A. , Tumeh Paul C. , Chodon Thinle , Pe'er Dana , Comin-Anduix Begoña 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tumor responses to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy are mediated by T cells, which we characterized in 102 tumor biopsies obtained from 53 patients treated with pembrolizumab, an antibody to PD-1. Biopsies were dissociated, and single-cell infiltrates were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry using two computational approaches to resolve the leukocyte phenotypes at the single-cell level. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of T cells in patients who responded to therapy. The frequency of intratumoral B cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells significantly increased in patients' biopsies taken on treatment. The percentage of cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype, monocytes, and natural killer cells did not change while on PD-1 blockade therapy. CD8+ memory T cells were the most prominent phenotype that expanded intratumorally on therapy. However, the frequency of CD4+ effector memory T cells significantly decreased on treatment, whereas CD4+ effector T cells significantly increased in nonresponding tumors on therapy. In peripheral blood, an unusual population of blood cells expressing CD56 was detected in two patients with regressing melanoma. In conclusion, PD-1 blockade increases the frequency of T cells, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors, with the CD8+ effector memory T-cell subset being the major T-cell phenotype expanded in patients with a response to therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 194–203. ©2016 AACR.
Educação e literatura infantil: primeiras décadas do Século XX
Authors: Menna Ligia Regina Máximo Cavalari 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo é fruto de nossas pesquisas sobre as relações entre educação e literatura infantil e se propõe a apresentar um breve panorama das tendências pedagógicas no Brasil até meados dos anos de 1930, período de consolidação da Literatura Infantil Brasileira, denominado comumente por Período Lobatiano. Nosso intuito é contribuir com um contexto histórico e pedagógico para os pesquisadores de literatura infantil que optarem por esse período ou mesmo épocas futuras, já que algumas tendências do início do século XX podem ainda ser observadas em nossa contemporaneidade. O reflexo dessas tendências pedagógicas na literatura infantil da década de 1930 pode ser observado em nossa Tese de Doutoramento intitulada “A literatura infantil além do livro: as contribuições do jornal português O senhor doutor e da revista brasileira O Tico-Tico (http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-07122012-105735/pt-br.ph ).
Granular Cell Tumor on the soft palate: a very rare location
Authors: Jacomacci Willian Pecin 
Published: January 2016

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare lesion of neural origin and uncertain nature. It can be a true neoplasm, a degenerative metabolic process or a proliferation trauma-induced. In general, it appears as a singular benign lesion, however, there are rare cases that are malignant multicentric forms. The most frequent orofacial localization is the tongue. The aim of this report was to describe a case of GCT occurring on the soft palate. Patient presented a discrete and asymptomatic nodule for approximately eight months. Definitive diagnosis of granular cell tumor was established by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The case illustrates the occurrence of granular cell tumor in an unusual region and emphasizes the importance of including this entity in differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in otherwise locations besides the tongue.
Literatura de massa na escola: uma proposta de letramento literário
Authors: Espíndola Ana Lúcia , Rocha Flávio Amorim da 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo discute a questão da literatura de massa presente nas leituras realizadas por jovens do ensino médio do IFMS, problematizando a queixa comum de professores ao denunciarem que tais jovens não são leitores. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados a 166 estudantes e nos permitem indicar que obras populares ocupam um importante papel nas leituras que marcaram a vida desses sujeitos e podem vir a promover o letramento literário.
The Impact of Emotional States on Cognitive Control Circuitry and Function
Authors: Cohen Alexandra O. , Dellarco Danielle V. , Breiner Kaitlyn , Helion Chelsea , Heller Aaron S. , Rahdar Ahrareh , Pedersen Gloria , Chein Jason , Dyke Jonathan P. , Galvan Adriana , Casey BJ 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Typically in the laboratory, cognitive and emotional processes are studied separately or as a stream of fleeting emotional stimuli embedded within a cognitive task. Yet in life, thoughts and actions often occur in more lasting emotional states of arousal. The current study examines the impact of emotions on actions using a novel behavioral paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of threat (anticipation of an aversive noise) and excitement (anticipation of winning money). Thirty-eight healthy adult participants were scanned while performing an emotional go/no-go task with positive (happy faces), negative (fearful faces), and neutral (calm faces) emotional cues, under threat or excitement. Cognitive control performance was enhanced during the excited state relative to a nonarousing control condition. This enhanced performance was paralleled by heightened activity of frontoparietal and frontostriatal circuitry. In contrast, under persistent threat, cognitive control was diminished when the valence of the emotional cue conflicted with the emotional state. Successful task performance in this conflicting emotional condition was associated with increased activity in the posterior cingulate cortex, a default mode network region implicated in complex processes such as processing emotions in the context of self and monitoring performance. This region showed positive coupling with frontoparietal circuitry implicated in cognitive control, providing support for a role of the posterior cingulate cortex in mobilizing cognitive resources to improve performance. These findings suggest that emotional states of arousal differentially modulate cognitive control and point to the potential utility of this paradigm for understanding effects of situational and pathological states of arousal on behavior.
Political Power and Political Economy of Media: Nicaragua and Bolivia
Authors: Artz Lee 
Published: January 2016

The apparent democratic shift unfolding in Latin America, from Venezuela and Bolivia to Ecuador and Nicaragua has been quite uneven. Public access to media provides one measurement of the extent to which social movements have been able to alter the relations of power. In nations where working classes, indigenous peoples, women, youth, and diverse ethnic groups have mobilized and organized constituent assemblies and other social and political organizations, political economies of radical democratic media have been introduced, communicating other progressive national policies for a new cultural hegemony of solidarity.Moments of rupture caused by social movements have introduced new social and political norms challenging capitalist cultural hegemony across the continent, with deep connections between media communication and social power revealed in every case. Public access to media production and distribution is a key indicator of democratic citizen participation and social transformation. Those societies that have advanced the farthest towards 21st century socialism and participatory democracy have also established the most extensive democratic and participatory media systems. These media reach far beyond community and alternative media forms to become central to an emerging hegemonic discourse advocating social transformation and working class power.Community media in Nicaragua, Bolivia, and Ecuador demonstrate how radical political power can encourage mass working class participation, including acquiring and using mass communication for social change and social justice.
Business Ethics Education and Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac)
Authors: Rivera Isaias 
Published: January 2016

This article will propose a form of critical business ethics education that will generate Global Age Cosmopolitanism (gac), which is aimed mostly at the propagation of economic justice. Because business practices have the propensity to generate both positive and negative outcomes, a careful review of the social compromises that may underliegacis necessary. It is important to assert that, “thegacethic is a cosmopolitan perspective that presupposes civic universalism” (Rivera 2012). I will identify the key components of the proposed critical business ethics education and will indicate how these differ from standard business ethics education. I will also demonstrate how the proposed form of business ethics education is tied togac.It is the purpose of this article to consider how business ethics educators and curricula should incorporate proactive approaches to economic justice and strive to avoid the reactive nature of past business ethics literature, the primary goal of which has been to repair unethical business behavior.
A checklist of Recent non-marine ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Thailand, including descriptions of two new species
Authors: SAVATENALINTON SUKONTHIP , SUTTAJIT MAITREE 
Published: January 2016

A checklist covering a total of 67 Recent non-marine ostracod species from Thailand, belonging to 33 genera and seven families (Cyprididae, Candonidae, Ilyocyprididae, Notodromadidae, Darwinulidae, Limnocytheridae, Loxoconchidae), is presented. Twenty-five of these are considered endemic to the Oriental region, 17 of which are Thai endemics. Two species (Hemicypris exiqua Broodbakker, 1983, and Notodromas sinensis Neal & Zhao, 1991) are new records for the Oriental region, and four species (Cypretta seurati Gauthier, 1929, Chrissia ceylonica (Daday, 1898), Chrissia formosa (Klie, 1938), and Dolerocypris fasciata (O.F. Müller, 1776)) are new record for Thailand. The most diverse subfamily in Thailand is the Cypricercinae, with 22 species. The most diverse genera are Strandesia Stuhlmann, 1888 (eight species), followed by Pseudostrandesia Savatenalinton & Martens, 2009 (seven species) and Stenocypris Sars, 1889 (five species). Other enigmatic groups and new taxa occur in the checklist, but these need to be described elsewhere in the future. For example, several species of Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900, Cyclocypridinae Kaufmann, 1900, Candoninae Kaufmann, 1900 and other groups await description. Considering regional distributions based on frequency of occurrences, rare species constitute a large fraction, whereas very common species are minor elements. Most of the records were reported from the Northern and Northeastern parts of Thailand. Sampled habitat types ranged from ponds, (oxbow) lakes, swamps, reservoirs, springs, canals, rivers, rice fields, waterfalls, and damp leaf litter. Most of the Thai ostracod fauna exists in a wide range of habitats. A brief discussion on the distribution of described species is included with the list. Additionally, in the present contribution, we describe two new species, Dolerocypris sisaketensis n. sp. and Hungarocypris suranareeae n. sp., from the Northeastern part of Thailand. The main character of Dolerocypris sisaketensis n. sp. is the presence of a spine on the postero-ventral part of the right valve; this feature sets it apart from other Dolerocypris species. Hungarocypris suranareeae n. sp. is the second species of this genus in Thailand and the third one in Southeast Asia. It is clearly distinguished from other Hungarocypris species by the serration on both valves. The genera Dolerocypris and Hungarocypris are briefly discussed and a key to the species of Hungarocypris is provided.
Forced Atmospheric Teleconnections during 1979–2014
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hoerling Martin P. , Perlwitz Judith , Xu Taiyi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Forced atmospheric teleconnections during 1979–2014 are examined using a 50-member ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations subjected to observed variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea ice, and carbon dioxide. Three primary modes of forced variability are identified using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the ensemble mean wintertime extratropical Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa heights. The principal component time series of the first and second modes are highly correlated with Niño-3.4 and trans-Niño (TNI) SST indices, respectively, indicating mostly tropical sources. Their impacts are largely confined to the Pacific–North American (PNA) sector. The leading mode describes the canonical atmospheric teleconnection associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) resembling the tropical/Northern Hemisphere pattern. The second mode describes a wave train resembling the classic PNA pattern resulting from atmospheric sensitivity to ENSO asymmetry and from sensitivity to a tropical precursor SST for ENSO development. The third mode is characterized by a hemisphere-scale increasing trend in heights. Based on a comparison with 50-member coupled ocean–atmosphere model simulations, it is argued that this mode is strongly related to radiatively forced climate change, while the other two forced teleconnections are principally related to internal coupled variability. A trend in the leading forced mode is related to ENSO-like decadal variability and dominates the overall observed 500-hPa height trend since 1979. These model results indicate that the trend in the first mode is due to internal variability rather than external radiative forcing.