bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P16.02: Sognefjord buoyancy bridge: Feasibility and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Visser Wouter , Amico Fabio , Torsing Rob , Top Reinald , Oosterman Kay , Bhattacharya Anurag , Bijlaard Frans S.K. , Yip Christine 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis abstract regards the feasibility and sensitivity analysis of the Sognefjord buoyancy bridge. The bridge will be located in Norway, along the coastal highway E39, between Lavik and Oppedal. It is 4.5km long and has an S‐shape which can change depending on the weather and flow conditions. The S‐shape smoothly extends and connects the two part of the coast roads. As an architectural requirements no cable‐stayed bridge or pylons extruding above the deck are allowed. The deck has a width of 24m and an height of about 25m and in its highest point is positioned at 75m above the sea level. It will bear on 22 separate floating pontoons which will be restrained below the sea level by 44 secondary cables linked to two big main cables spanning from coast to coast and having a diameter of around 1.2m. The typical length of the side spans between the pylons is 200m and the simple supported central span has a length of 450m to allow the passing of the ship. There is no other bridge with the dimensions of the Sognefjord bridge which is the most structural challenging buoyancy bridge ever designed. An extensive analysis of the feasibility of the bridge, pontoons and anchoring system has been developed together with a sensitivity analysis of the main parameters which govern and can affect the design. The outcome of the feasibility analysis is positive and the sensitivity analysis shows that the bridge design has quite good margins to compensate for an increase of the loads. Even though future and further analysis need to be run the design and several other evaluations need to be done (connections, second order effects, fatigue, impact loads). our intermediate conclusion is that it is a feasible concept.
01.13: Experimental study of cover‐plate bolted joints with large or slotted holes
Authors: Cavène Edouard , Durif Sébastien , Bouchaïr Abdelhamid , Toussaint Evelyne 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTConnections in steel structures are of main importance in the design process. Cover‐plate connections with circular or slotted holes are of common use in steel structures. The behavior of such connections is characterized by various failure modes. Bearing mode is one of the most complex due to the distribution of stresses and strain around the loaded holes. This paper deals with the characterization of the behavior of cover‐plate bolted joints with slotted holes. Numerical simulations using the Cast3M FE package are performed in association with an original experimental method based on full‐field measurements. The strain fields obtained with these methods (grid method and Digital Image Correlation (DIC)) give the possibility to observe the evolution of the local deformations in the loaded zones of the connections. These evolutions are compared to those given by the Finite Element model for each configuration at different loadings stages. Thus, the experimental results are used to validate the numerical model. The comparisons are based on the load‐displacement curves, the failure modes and the local deformations in the zones around the bolts holes. Six different geometrical parameters of the holes and their positions are considered in the tests. The validated numerical model is used to evaluate the influences of the dimensions of the slotted hole. The results showed that the geometry has a significant influence on the failure mode of the connections such as net section and bearing. Both numerical and experimental results are compared to those given by the analytical approach of Eurocode 3 to evaluate the accuracy of the analytical prediction. The study shows the influence of various geometrical parameters on the resistance and the failure mode of the connections with slotted holes. The strain fields obtained with the grid method and DIC are observed in the plate around the bolt in the elastic and plastic phases. They give the possibility to observe experimentally the evolution of strains in a wide area of the most stressed zones in order to develop more accurate analytical models based on experimental evolutions of strains.
01.27: Numerical analysis E‐stubs with four bolts per row
Authors: Lopez M. , Loureiro A. , Gutierrez R. , Reinosa J. M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe characterization of bolted steel joint behavior and properties have been matter of research for a number of years and all the accumulated knowledge has been compiled to a large extent in the currently available steel design codes like Eurocode 3. This design code uses the component method to evaluate the behavior of the steel joints.This paper will be focused in the study of E‐stub component with four bolts per row. This component appears in three dimensional joints with additional plates welded to the column flanges to attach beams in the minor axis. The E‐stub component is not covered by the formulation of Eurocode 3. Some works have been done in the component, formulations of stiffness and strength have been proposed in previous works but only for the case of two bolts per row. Because of that a 3D advanced finite element model has been developed in order to evaluate the influence of the 4 bolts per row and to compares the results of stiffness and strength with the case of 2 bolts per row.
02.03: A reliable modelling of thermal, microstructure, and stress in arc stud welding joints and effect on fatigue strength
Authors: Soltanzadeh Hadi , Hildebrand Jörg , Kraus Matthias 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents numerical calculations of welding residual stresses and the evolution of microstructure in stud joints embedded in common structural steels S235 and S355. The study deals with a numerical transient thermal modelling of stud welding using the commercial software suite SYSWELD FE. Microstructure phase fraction of Martensite, Bainite and Ferrite‐Pearlite are also calculated by trajectory tracking of the thermal profile on the CCT diagram for the weld region. Thermal loading from welding as non‐moving heat source is further fed into the stress solver and welding residual stresses are computed. The computational stresses are validated by comparison with stresses of XRD experimental measurements. The aim of this paper is to specify the stress distributions regarding residual stresses from the manufacturing and welding processes as well as stress states due to operational loads, which can constitute the basis of fatigue analyses.
02.06: Weldability of old mild steels within the rehabilitation of historical steel structures
Authors: Sieber Lars , Kilian Andrè , Flederer Holger , Göbel Gunther , Steinhauser Marco 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWelding process causes notch effects and residual stresses. Accordingly, the risk of brittle fracture grows. In comparison with currently used steels, old mild steels have a lower toughness. The weldability of mild steel is limited and only feasible under specific conditions. If for structural reasons welding is preferred instead of the use of bolts, the metallurgical characteristics of the steels have to be considered. These include the concentrations of impurities in the zones of segregation and the tendency to embrittlement by nitrogen‐induced ageing.In the corresponding paper, experimental and analytical studies of the weldability of old mild steels are presented. Extensive material analyses to determine the mechanical and the technological properties of the material will be an essential part of the investigations. Particularly, the increased impurities of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and also oxygen in the segregation zones as well as the distinctive non‐metallic inclusions complicate to produce load‐bearing butt welds. Welding materials currently available are not designed for welding such materials. Nevertheless, in the context of a research project welding tests on old mild steels has been carried out using current welding electrodes. Supported by involved industrial partners, a stick electrode adapted to the characteristics of old steels will be developed.
03.03: Feasibility of hybrid simulation for testing steel connections of braces with intentional eccentricity
Authors: Skalomenos Konstantinos A. , Shimada Hironari , Kurata Masahiro , Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAn online hybrid test environment to examine the seismic performance of the gusset plate connections of steel braces is developed by incorporating sub‐structuring techniques and finite element methods. In the developed test system, the behaviour of the brace member is simulated by the finite element analysis program ABAQUS, while the brace end connection is physically tested. Two hydraulic jacks are used to simulate the physical continuity between the analytical and experimental substructures by controlling axial load and out‐of‐plane rotation. A MATLAB user subroutine is created as the interface between the main control program and ABAQUS to impose the target rotation and axial force to the connection quasi‐statically. A gusset plate connection designed to behave as a pin connection is tested and its efficiency to accommodate inelastic rotations was evaluated up to 4% story drift. The test method is reasonable, with smooth operation and ensures realistic loading and boundary conditions.
03.07: Robustness in fire of a new type of beam‐to‐column connection
Authors: Malendowski Michał , Burgess Ian , Glema Adam 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper a new type of beam‐to‐column connection is introduced, which is capable of absorbing both very large rotations and axial movements, due firstly to thermal elongation and subsequently to extreme weakening of the connected beam. The main idea is to connect the beam and column using a special connector bolted to the column flange using a face‐plate and to the beam web using a fin‐plate. Between these a highly ductile element, which is in this case a hollow circular tube, is included. This plays the crucial role in absorbing beam‐end movements occurring firstly during the expansion of the beam and secondly during its catenary behaviour at very high temperatures.This study aims to extend the research on this connection to structural case studies in the context of performance‐based structural fire engineering design. The connection has been modelled using different approaches, starting with 3‐D finite element modelling and proceeding to validated simplifications which feed into a component‐based model. In order to make calculations feasible, the mathematical model of the ductile component is developed and calibrated using the information provided by parametrized numerical FEM computations. The component model is developed to be capable of representing the hysteresis occurring due to deformation‐reversals as temperatures rise, as well as failure corresponding to fracture in tension. Thus, the component model is described as a function of displacement and temperature, including sufficiently realistic plastic deformation and fracture criteria. This model is then implemented into global FEM models and utilized to assemble the stiffness matrix of a special connector element used to join the beam and column nodes. This component‐based connection model is then applied in some comparative studies.
Efficient Catalytic Microreactors with Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Platinum Nanoparticles on Oxide Support
Authors: Rontu Ville , Selent Anne , Zhivonitko Vladimir V. , Scotti Gianmario , Koptyug Igor V. , Telkki Ville‐Veikko , Franssila Sami 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicroreactors attract a significant interest for chemical synthesis due to the benefits of small scales such as high surface to volume ratio, rapid thermal ramping, and well‐understood laminar flows. The suitability of atomic layer deposition for application of both the nanoparticle catalyst and the support material on the surfaces of channels of microfabricated silicon microreactors is demonstrated in this research. Continuous‐flow hydrogenation of propene into propane at low temperatures with TiO2‐supported catalytic Pt nanoparticles was used as a model reaction. Reaction yield and mass transport were monitored by high‐sensitivity microcoil NMR spectroscopy as well as time‐of‐flight remote detection NMR imaging. The microreactors were shown to be very efficient in propene conversion into propane. The yield of 100 % was achieved at 50 °C with a reactor decorated with Pt nanoparticles of average size of roughly 1 nm and surface coverage of 3.2 % in 20 mm long reaction channels with a residence time of 1100 ms. The activity of the Pt catalyst surfaces was on the order of several to tens of mmol s−1 m−2.
A Reusable N‐Doped‐Carbon‐Coated Mo2C Composite Counter Electrode for High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Jiabo , Chen Weilin , Zheng Xiaotao , Wang Enbo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe design and development of efficient and stable nonprecious‐metal‐based catalysts for counter electrodes (CEs) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has received a great deal of attention. In this work, molybdenum carbide nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in a nitrogen‐rich carbon matrix (Mo2C@NC) have been synthesized from inexpensive raw materials (polyoxometalate and dicyandiamide) by a facile one‐step solid‐phase synthesis method. The novel Mo2C@NC hybrid was not only used as a CE in a DSSC, but also showed superior catalytic activity towards I3−/I− as a redox electrolyte. The power conversion efficiency of a DSSC with Mo2C@NC as the CE was as high as 6.49 %, comparable to that with Pt (6.38 %). The CE was prepared by a drop‐coating method, without the addition of another conductive polymer. Most importantly, the method circumvents the problem of the sample falling off from the fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO), and the CE could be repeatedly reused with unchanged efficiency. Therefore, it opens the way for the development of platinum‐free catalysts with low cost, simple processing, good stability, and high efficiency.
Effects of lightning on trees: A predictive model based on in situ electrical resistivity
Authors: Gora Evan M. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Yanoviak Stephen P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effects of lightning on trees range from catastrophic death to the absence of observable damage. Such differences may be predictable among tree species, and more generally among plant life history strategies and growth forms. We used field‐collected electrical resistivity data in temperate and tropical forests to model how the distribution of power from a lightning discharge varies with tree size and identity, and with the presence of lianas. Estimated heating density (heat generated per volume of tree tissue) and maximum power (maximum rate of heating) from a standardized lightning discharge differed 300% among tree species. Tree size and morphology also were important; the heating density of a hypothetical 10 m tall Alseis blackiana was 49 times greater than for a 30 m tall conspecific, and 127 times greater than for a 30 m tall Dipteryx panamensis. Lianas may protect trees from lightning by conducting electric current; estimated heating and maximum power were reduced by 60% (±7.1%) for trees with one liana and by 87% (±4.0%) for trees with three lianas. This study provides the first quantitative mechanism describing how differences among trees can influence lightning–tree interactions, and how lianas can serve as natural lightning rods for trees.
Gut microbiomes of mobile predators vary with landscape context and species identity
Authors: Tiede Julia , Scherber Christoph , Mutschler James , McMahon Katherine D. , Gratton Claudio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLandscape context affects predator–prey interactions and predator diet composition, yet little is known about landscape effects on insect gut microbiomes, a determinant of physiology and condition. Here, we combine laboratory and field experiments to examine the effects of landscape context on the gut bacterial community and body condition of predatory insects. Under laboratory conditions, we found that prey diversity increased bacterial richness in insect guts. In the field, we studied the performance and gut microbiota of six predatory insect species along a landscape complexity gradient in two local habitat types (soybean fields vs. prairie). Insects from soy fields had richer gut bacteria and lower fat content than those from prairies, suggesting better feeding conditions in prairies. Species origin mediated landscape context effects, suggesting differences in foraging of exotic and native predators on a landscape scale. Overall, our study highlights complex interactions among gut microbiota, predator identity, and landscape context.
Convenient and Environmentally Friendly Production of Isostearic Acid with Protonic Forms of Ammonium Cationic Zeolites
Authors: Sarker Majher I. , Latona Renee J. , Moreau Robert A. , Micheroni Daniel , Jones Kerby C. , Ngo Helen 
Published: September 2017

Three ammonium‐cationic zeolites (ferrierite, ZSM5, and zeolite BETA) are individually analyzed to produce branched‐chain fatty acid (i.e., isostearic acid) from unsaturated linear‐chain fatty acid (ulc‐FA) with up to 98% conversion and 80% selectivity. The SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of zeolite, amount of water and choice of additive are found to be the key factors for the efficiency of zeolites in this particular reaction. Detailed characterization of zeolites supports the optimization parameters to produce the best results. Large scale production of isostearic acid achieving a 76% selectivity and 96% conversion demonstrates the potential of this system's capability at the pilot scale. Variation in isomeric composition of branched‐chain fatty acid (bc‐FA) product is observed for the three different catalytic methods. Dimer production due to interaction with the external acidic surface of these zeolites has been observed, but it can be suppressed.Practical Application: Lubricant, cosmetic and surfactant fields are examples where these biodegradable isostearic acid and other bc‐FA materials are applied.Three ammonium cationic zeolites (i.e., ferrierite, BETA, ZSM‐5) are used to produce the iso‐oleic acid (precursor of isostearic acid) with high selectivity. The iso‐oleic acid products are found to have different isomeric compositions which could potentially expand the application of the isostearic acid.
A Voltammetric Sensory System for Recognition of Propranolol Enantiomers Based on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified by Polyarylenephthalide Composites of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid
Authors: Zilberg Rufina A. , Sidelnikov Artem V. , Maistrenko Valery N. , Yarkaeva Yulia A. , Khamitov Edward M. , Kornilov Viktor M. , Maksutova Elza I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn enantioselective voltammetric sensory system based on glassy carbon electrodes modified by polyarylenephthalide composites of melamine and cyanuric acid using chemometric method principal component analysis for the recognition of propranolol enantiomers was developed. It is shown that glassy carbon electrodes modified by polyarylenephthalide composites of melamine and cyanuric acid exhibit the properties of enantioselective sensors. The molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction processes of propranolol enantiomers with polyarylenephthalide composites of melamine and cyanuric acid show that the differences between the voltammograms of propranolol enantiomers on such electrodes are due to differences in the energy of hydrogen bonds formation between enantiomeric molecules and supramolecules of melamine and cyanuric acid. This is reflected not only in the characteristics and shape of the voltammograms, but also in the sensitivity of the electrodes, with respect to the propranolol enantiomers. The possibilities of the sensory system for express recognition of R‐ and S‐propranolol are considered. The recognition of these enantiomers by the registered voltammograms on two glassy carbon electrodes modified by polyarylenephthalide composites of melamine and cyanuric acid allows to increase significantly the percentage of correctly recognised samples in comparison with the registration of voltammograms on only one electrode.
Optimization of cell culture‐derived influenza A virus particles purification using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers
Authors: Fortuna Ana Raquel , Taft Florian , Villain Louis , Wolff Michael W. , Reichl Udo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDownstream processing remains one of the biggest challenges in manufacturing of biologicals and vaccines. This work focuses on a Design of Experiments approach to understand factors influencing the performance of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers for the chromatographic purification of a cell culture‐derived H1N1 influenza virus strain (A/Puerto Rico/8/34). Membranes with a medium ligand density together with low conductivity and a high virus titer in the feed stream resulted in optimum virus yields and low protein and DNA content in the product fraction. Flow rate and salt concentration in the buffer used for elution were of secondary importance while membrane permeability had no significant impact on separation performance. A virus loss of 2.1% in the flow through, a yield of 57.4% together with a contamination level of 5.1 pgDNA HAU−1 and 1.2 ngprot HAU−1 were experimentally confirmed for the optimal operating point predicted. The critical process parameters identified and their optimal settings should support the optimization of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers based purification trains for other influenza virus strains, streamlining cell culture‐derived vaccine manufacturing.
Performance evaluation of anodic nano‐catalyst for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell
Authors: Yavari Zahra , Noroozifar Meissam , Parvizi Tayebeh 
Published: September 2017

In this study, a nano‐scale perovskite NdFeO3 (NdFeO3NPs) was synthesized with usage a rapid ultrasonic‐assisted co‐precipitation process and characterized by several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray powder diffraction, SEM and energy dispersive X‐ray. Electrochemical studies using a modified glassy carbon electrode with Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) and NdFeO3NPs showed that the proposed multifunctional nanocatalyst can be used as an alternative catalyst toward methanol oxidation (MO). A single cell of direct methanol alkaline fuel cell was designed, assembled and tested using PdNPs‐NdFeO3NPs‐CH nanocomposites as an anodic catalyst. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 597–604, 2018

NdFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized.
Catalysts with Pd and NdFeO3 nanoparticles dispersed in chitosan were prepared.
Catalytic activity of nanocatalysts toward MO was studied.
A single fuel cell was designed, assembled and tested with nanocatalyst.