bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin microbiome and causal relationships in three dermatological diseases: Evidence from Mendelian randomization and Bayesian weighting
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Chen Shiyu , Chen Shupeng , Cheng Shiping , Lan Hongrong , Wu Yunbo , Qiu Guirong , Zhang Lingjin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), rosacea, and other related immune skin diseases are affected by multiple complex factors such as genetic and microbial components. This research investigates the causal relationships between specific skin microbiota and these diseases by using Mendelian randomization (MR), and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR).MethodsWe utilized genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data to analyze the associations between various skin bacteria and three dermatological diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) served as instrumental variables (IVs) in MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), and MR Egger. BWMR was employed to validate results and address pleiotropy.ResultsThe IVW analysis identified significant associations between specific skin microbiota and dermatological diseases. ASV006_Dry, ASV076_Dry, and Haemophilus_Dry were significantly positively associated with AD, whereas Kocuria_Dry was negatively associated. In PSO, ASV005_Dry was negatively associated, whereas ASV004_Dry, Rothia_Dry, and Streptococcus_Moist showed positive associations. For rosacea, ASV023_Dry was significantly positively associated, while ASV016_Moist, Finegoldia_Dry, and Rhodobacteraceae_Moist were significantly negatively associated. These results were corroborated by BWMR analysis.ConclusionBacterial species such as Finegoldia, Rothia, and Streptococcus play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD, PSO, and rosacea. Understanding these microbial interactions can aid in developing targeted treatments and preventive strategies, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Effects of unbalanced fertilizer use on system productivity and profitability under rice‐based cropping systems: Evidence from Eastern Gangetic Plain
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Bell Richard W. , Miah M. A. Monayem , Alam Mohammad Jahangir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnbalanced nutrient supply is one of the key causes of yield gaps and low farming profitability which impact food insecurity globally. However, the effects of an unbalanced nutrient supply on rice yields and farming profitability have not been quantified for diverse rice‐based cropping systems. To explore the effects, 412 respondents (mostly smallholder farmers) were surveyed in 2019 for the rice crops in three fully rice‐based cropping systems in four agro‐ecological zones of Bangladesh. Two robust estimation approaches namely propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression approaches were used to quantify the effects of unbalanced fertilizer use. The results show that about 68% of farmers in the study areas used unbalanced (over‐doses or under‐doses) nutrient rates relative to government‐endorsed recommendations. Adoption of recommended fertilizer rates was influenced by education, amount of organic manure used, off‐farm income, crop farming‐related training, organizational membership and lack of soil testing tendency. The findings also indicate that adopters of recommended nutrient rates received almost 16% and 46% higher system rice yield and system net return, respectively, relative to non‐adopters. However, based on our research findings, formulation and implementation of effective agricultural policies like effective extension services, strengthening soil testing facilities, increasing organizational membership and targeted awareness programmes could motivate smallholder rice farmers towards adoption of recommended nutrient rates. Adoption of recommended fertilizer rates can significantly enhance crop yields and farming profitability which can boost food security and rural livelihoods in the Eastern Gangetic Plain.
Sustainability, Local Environmental Behaviour and Firm Location Decisions
Authors: Arauzo‐Carod Josep‐Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper uses Mercantile Register data to analyse the location decisions of firms in Catalan municipalities (between 2010 and 2019). Using count data panel estimations, we focus on local sustainability characteristics. The identification of the location patterns and the effects of local environmental policies on firms belonging to different sustainability industries constitute a contribution to the empirical location literature. Our results help in understanding entry processes at the local level and how both citizens' environmental values and local environmental policies shape these. We show that (i) firms locate differently depending on their sustainability profile and (ii) local environmental policies have stronger effects on the location decisions of sustainability‐oriented firms.
Digoxin and exercise effects on skeletal muscle Na+,K+‐ATPase isoform gene expression in healthy humans
Authors: McKenna Michael J. , Gong Xiaofei , Petersen Aaron C. , Sostaric Simon , Goodman Craig A. , Garnham Andrew , Aw Tai‐Juan , Steward Collene H. , Murphy Kate T. , Carey Kate A. , Krum Henry , Snow Rodney J. , Cameron‐Smith David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn muscle, digoxin inhibits Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) whereas acute exercise can increase NKA gene expression, consistent with training‐induced increased NKA content. We investigated whether oral digoxin increased NKA isoform mRNA expression (qPCR) in muscle at rest, during and post‐exercise in 10 healthy adults, who received digoxin (DIG, 0.25 mg per day) or placebo (CON) for 14 days, in a randomised, double‐blind and cross‐over design. Muscle was biopsied at rest, after cycling 20 min (10 min each at 33%, then 67% ), then to fatigue at 90% and 3 h post‐exercise. No differences were found between DIG and CON for NKA α1–3 or β1–3 isoform mRNA. Both α1 (354%, P = 0.001) and β3 mRNA (P = 0.008) were increased 3 h post‐exercise, with α2 and β1–2 mRNA unchanged, whilst α3 mRNA declined at fatigue (−43%, P = 0.045). In resting muscle, total β mRNA (∑(β1+β2+β3)) increased in DIG (60%, P = 0.025) and also when transcripts for each isoform were normalised to CON then either summed (P = 0.030) or pooled (n = 30, P = 0.034). In contrast, total α mRNA (∑(α1+α2+α3), P = 0.348), normalised then summed (P = 0.332), or pooled transcripts (n = 30, P = 0.717) did not differ with DIG. At rest, NKA α1–2 and β1–2 protein abundances were unchanged by DIG. Post‐exercise, α1 and β1–2 proteins were unchanged, but α2 declined at 3 h (19%, P = 0.020). In conclusion, digoxin did not modify gene expression of individual NKA isoforms at rest or with exercise, indicating NKA gene expression was maintained consistent with protein abundances. However, elevated resting muscle total β mRNA with digoxin suggests a possible underlying β gene‐stimulatory effect.Highlights
What is the central question of this study?Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) in muscle is important for Na+/K+ homeostasis. We investigated whether the NKA‐inhibitor digoxin stimulates increased NKA gene expression in muscle and exacerbates NKA gene responses to exercise in healthy adults.
What is the main finding and its importance?Digoxin did not modify exercise effects on muscle NKA α1–3 and β1–3 gene transcripts, which comprised increased post‐exercise α1 and β3 mRNA and reduced α3 mRNA during exercise. However, in resting muscle, digoxin increased NKA total β isoform mRNA expression. Despite inhibitory‐digoxin or acute exercise stressors, NKA gene regulation in muscle is consistent with the maintenance of NKA protein contents.
Enhancing Personalized Rehabilitation: Integrating Assist-as-Needed System With Real-Time Feedback
Authors: Yihun Yimesker , Delgado Pablo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conventional rehabilitation programs often lack precise real-time feedback, leading to varied training results at different centers. To address this, personalized rehabilitation strategies have been developed using robotic technologies and exoskeletons with assist-as-needed (AAN) controllers to improve recovery rates for individuals with stroke and neuromuscular disorders. This research introduces an automated therapy approach with a patient-specific AAN support strategy that provides immediate feedback, enhancing the rehabilitation process. The system uses minimal data to create effective personalized models and integrates sensors and algorithms for continuous monitoring, improving the efficacy of therapy. Initial trials with an exoskeleton that focused on elbow movements showed promising results in adjusting support in real-time and providing personalized interventions through torque-controlled motors. This system assesses impairment levels, visualizes motor energy needs, and helps design customized rehabilitation programs, significantly enhancing therapeutic results.
NICA Facilities for the Search for EDM Light Nuclei
Authors: Senichev Yu. , Aksentyev A. , Kolokolchikov S. , Melnikov A. , Nikolaev N. , Ladygin V. , Syresin E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To search for proton Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) using proton storage ring with purely electrostatic elements, the concept of frozen spin method has been proposed by Brookhaven National Laboratory. This method is based on two facts: in the equation of spin precession, the magnetic field dependence is entirely eliminated, and at the ‘‘magic’’ energy, the spin precession frequency coincides with the precession frequency of the particle momentum. In case of deuteron, we have to use the electrical and magnetic field simultaneously, keeping the frozen spin direction along the momentum as in the pure electrostatic ring. Later, Yu. Senichev proposed the concept of quasi-frozen spin, in which the spin oscillates around the direction of the pulse within half the value of the advanced phase of rotation in magnetic arcs, each time returning back in deflectors with an electrostatic field. Due to the low value of the anomalous magnetic moment of deuteron, an effective contribution to the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent compared with frozen spin method. In this work, we consider the adapted structure of the NICA and Nuclotron synchrotrons, in which the ‘‘quasi-frozen spin’’ option can be implemented. The advantage of the ‘‘quasi-frozen spin’’ concept is the possibility of using synchrotrons already existing in the world that are not focused on studying EDM, which makes this method the only one possible for the accelerators of the NICA complex.
No-go for the formation of heavy mass Primordial Black Holes in Single Field Inflation
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Gangopadhyay Mayukh R. , Sami M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examine the possibility of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) formation in single field models of inflation. Using the adiabatic or wave function renormalization scheme in the short range modes, we show that one-loop correction to the power spectrum is free from quadratic UV divergence. We consider a framework in which PBHs are produced during the transition from Slow Roll (SR) to Ultra Slow Roll (USR) followed by the end of inflation. We demonstrate that the renormalized power spectrum soften the contribution of the logarithmic IR divergence and severely restricts the possible mass range of produced PBHs in the said transition, namely, $$M_\textrm{PBH}\sim 10^{2}\,\textrm{g}$$

M
PBH

∼

10
2

g

$$\hat{\textrm{a}}$$

a
^

la a no-go theorem. In particular, we find that the produced PBHs are short lived ($$t^\textrm{evap}_\textrm{PBH}\sim 10^{-20}\,\textrm{s}$$

t
PBH
evap

∼

10

-
20

s

) and the corresponding number of e-folds in the USR region is restricted to $$\Delta {\mathcal {N}}_\textrm{USR}\approx 2$$

Δ

N
USR

≈
2

.
Searching for signatures of new physics in $$\varvec{B \rightarrow K \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }}$$ to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos
Authors: Kim C. S. , Sahoo Dibyakrupa , Vishnudath K. N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe conduct a model-independent analysis of the distinct signatures of various generic new physics possibilities in the decay $$B \rightarrow K \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
→
K

ν

ν
¯

by analyzing the branching ratio as well as the missing mass-square distribution. Considering the final neutrinos to be of the same flavor with non-zero mass, we discuss the new physics contributions for both Dirac and Majorana neutrino possibilities. In our study, we utilize the analytical relations among form factors in semi-leptonic $$B \rightarrow K$$

B
→
K

transitions, which are consistent with current lattice QCD predictions to a very high numerical accuracy. We provide constraints on different new physics parameters, taking into account the recent measurement of $$B^+ \rightarrow K^+ \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

branching ratio by the Belle-II collaboration. In future, if the missing mass-square distribution for $$B^+ \rightarrow K^+ \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

decay gets reported by Belle-II with analysis of more events than their present data set, one can not only investigate possible new physics effects in these decays, but also probe the Dirac/Majorana nature of the neutrinos using quantum statistics, since a difference between the two cases is known to exist in the presence of non-standard neutrino interactions.
Can Mobile Financial Services Influence Financial Behaviour  in India?
Authors: Biswas Shreya 
Published: September 2024

The study examines the relationship between mobile financial services and individual financial behaviour in India, wherein a sizeable population is yet to be financially included. The study utilises the nationally representative data from the Financial Inclusion Insights survey conducted during 2018, representing over 45,000 individuals aged 15 years or above for the empirical analysis. The study indicates that the use of mobile financial services improves financial behaviour in India. Specifically, the study finds that using mobile financial services increases the likelihood of investment, having insurance and borrowing from formal financial institutions. Further, to address endogeneity concerns, we also employ Lewbel’s method and propensity score method, and the findings remain qualitatively similar. The empirical results of the study highlight that fastening the pace of access to mobile financial services can improve financial outcomes in developing country settings. JEL Codes: G51, G52, O16
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in adult patients: Comparing COVID-19- and non-COVID-19-associated respiratory failure
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Song In-Ae 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a vital intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), yet its efficacy with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. This study compared the long-term mortality rates of patients receiving ECMO for COVID-19 with those experiencing other respiratory disease-associated ARDS. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adults with ARDS receiving ECMO for respiratory disease (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19) based on information collected from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea from February 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 6 months and 1 year post-ECMO initiation. Results Data from 3094 patients with COVID-19 ( N = 1095) and non-COVID-19 respiratory disease-associated ARDS ( N = 1999) who received ECMO support were analyzed. Despite a higher Charlson Comorbidity index in the non-COVID group, patients with COVID-19 had higher cumulative mortality rates at 6 months and 1 year post-ECMO initiation compared to those with non-COVID-19 respiratory diseases, after adjusting for confounders. Patients with COVID-19 also experienced longer intensive care unit stays, higher hospitalization costs, longer ECMO and mechanical ventilation durations, and lower intensity coverage. Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 requiring ECMO showed higher mortality rates, possibly due to its distinct long-lasting and potentially fatal consequences compared to other respiratory illnesses.
“How well do we know our patients?”: Further validation of a complexity rating scale for HIV
Authors: Begley Kim , Smith Don , Wand Handan , Chan Derek , Furner Virginia , Kelly Melissa Louise , McGrath Patrick , Hennessy Ruth , Price Anthony , Purnomo Lia , Bowden Bruce Hamish , Bulsara Shiraze M 
Published: September 2024

Background Despite advances in the management and treatment of HIV, identifying risks for disengagement are essential to maximize positive outcomes. The current study investigated the validity of the Clinical Complexity Rating Scale for HIV (CCRS-HIV), a risk-prediction tool, by assessing agreement between patient and clinician scores of patient complexity. Methods 207 patients completed the patient version of the CCRS-HIV (CCRS-HIVP), and six Attending Medical Officers (AMOs) caring for those individuals completed the original clinician version (CCRS-HIVC). Kappa statistics, sensitivity and specificity were used to assess patient-clinician agreement. Results Patient-clinician agreement was highest for problematic crystal methamphetamine use (86%), polypharmacy (84%) and other physical health concerns (67%). Cut-offs of 40 and 45 for the total CCRS-HIV score were identified as most appropriate, with high sensitivity (79.31% and 76.0% respectively). Conclusions Overall agreement between the clinician and patient complexity scores was high. These findings provide further evidence of the validity of the scale. The study demonstrates that the unique role of AMOs at the center contributes to them knowing their patients well, allowing them to manage and refer when required for interdisciplinary care which likely contributes to their ongoing engagement in care and may account for the high level of agreement.
Evaluation of contraception methods in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: A Turkish multicenter study
Authors: Çiftçiler Rafiye , Selim Cem , Cömert Melda , Zengin Haydar , İpek Yıldız , Gürsoy Vildan , Yıldızhan Esra , Yıldız Abdülkerim , Yaman Samet , Elibol Tayfun , Güven Serkan , Arslan Davulcu Eren , Özmen Deniz , Tekinalp Atakan , Narlı Özdemir Zehra , Baysal Mehmet , Mersin Sinan , Güven Zeynep , Pınar İbrahim Ethem , Çelik Serhat , Eşkazan Ahmet Emre 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) incidence has recently increased in younger individuals. With time, given the nature of the disease and available therapies, as well as the existing paucity and inconsistency of advice, worries about fertility have surfaced. With all these clear unknowns, we designed this study to raise awareness among both physicians and CML patients about whether male and female patients of childbearing age were using contraception at the time of diagnosis, and if so, which methods they were using. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the contraception methods in patients with CML. Materials and Methods Eighteen centres from Turkey participated in the study. Male and female patients of childbearing age diagnosed with chronic and accelerated phase CML between the years 2000 and 2024 were evaluated retrospectively. Results Of the two hundred and thirty-two patients included, one hundred and twenty-five (53.9%) of these patients were female and 107 (46.1%) were male. At diagnosis, all female patients were in the childbearing age, and male patients were sexually active. The median age at diagnosis of the patients was 38 (range, 18–77) years. Eighty-six (68.8%) female patients were using any contraception method, while this was 53.2% (n = 57) among male patients. Conclusion In conclusion, since CML patients are diagnosed at an earlier age and the desire of these patients to have children, adequate information and evaluation should be provided regarding fertility and contraception issues, especially in female patients, from the moment of diagnosis.
Depression influences fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease amongst other factors: a structural modelling approach
Authors: Barnes Alex , Bryant Robert V. , Mukherjee Sutapa , Andrews Jane M. , Bampton Peter , Fraser Robert J. , Mountifield Réme 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Fatigue is common in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with IBD activity, sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression. The relative contribution of these factors to fatigue is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fatigue and these factors through a novel approach using structural equation modelling. Design: Online questionnaire circulated via three tertiary IBD centres and Crohn’s Colitis Australia. Methods: Fatigue was assessed using the Functional assessment of chronic illness measurement system fatigue subscale. Validated measures of sleep, anxiety, depression and IBD activity were included. Following correlation analyses, a structural equation model was developed for the outcome of the fatigue score. Direct and indirect effects were calculated. Results: There were 630 complete responses to the online questionnaire. The median age of respondents was 41 with the majority female and over half (52%) on biologic medication. Structural equation models for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis demonstrated a good fit. In Crohn’s disease, the relationship between IBD activity and fatigue was mostly mediated indirectly through the influence of IBD activity on sleep, anxiety and primarily depression. Sleep quality mediated the influence of IBD activity and the indirect effects of depression on fatigue, but not anxiety. Unlike in Crohn’s disease, the direct influence of IBD activity on fatigue in ulcerative colitis was non-negligible, although remained of lesser magnitude than the indirect effect of IBD activity on fatigue. Depression was the primary indirect mediator of the influence of IBD activity on fatigue in ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: In Crohn’s disease, IBD activity leads to fatigue through its influence on sleep quality and mental health. The data suggest treatment of clinically significant depression, in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, may result in the largest decline in fatigue score compared to other variables. Treatment algorithms for fatigue should consider depression a priority.