bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study investigating the attitudes and opinions of cattle farmers and veterinarians in the UK on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for post-disbudding analgesia of calves
Authors: Hambleton SYN , Gibson TJ 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe study examined cattle farmers' and veterinarians' opinions of pain-induced distress associated with disbudding and attitudes towards non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An emphasis was placed on investigating pain perception, veterinary-client communication and factors influencing analgesic use. Data were collected from an online questionnaire, links to which were published in professional periodicals, promoted by industry organisations and distributed on private practice mailing lists. A total of 110 veterinarians and 116 farmers who regularly disbud calves completed the questionnaires. Of the respondents, 56% of veterinarians and 14% of farmers routinely use NSAIDs for disbudding. Respondents perceived disbudding to be severely painful without medication and 82% of veterinarians and 43% of farmers perceived post-procedural pain to persist beyond 24 h. There was a significant difference between female and male veterinarians' pain scores for disbudding without medication. Veterinarians underestimate the influences of welfare and analgesic duration and effectiveness on farmers' decisions and overrated cost impact. The study highlights that improvements in veterinarian-farmer communication regarding calf disbudding analgesia are required; both in terms of refining veterinarians' understanding of farmers' priorities and guiding clients on methods to improve calf welfare.
Fit for transport? Broiler chicken fitness assessment for transportation to slaughter
Authors: Jacobs L , Delezie E , Duchateau L , Goethals K , Vermeulen D , Buyse J , Tuyttens FAM 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEU legislation stipulates that unfit broilers may not be transported, but no guidelines for fitness-for-transport assessment are provided. Moreover, the impact of pre-slaughter conditions (eg crate stocking density) may depend on broiler fitness. We aimed to evaluate a fitness-assessment method and test physiological responses to the pre-slaughter phase with different stocking densities. Broilers (41 days; n = 1,939) were transported for 45 min at ‘high’ (160 cm2per kg), ‘medium’ (190 cm2per kg) or ‘low’ (220 cm2per kg) stocking density, and were subjected to a commercially representative pre-slaughter phase duration of ≈ 16 h. Pre-loading, lameness, illness, hock burns, foot-pad dermatitis, lesions, physical defects, cleanliness and cachexia were scored on a sample, for categorisation as fit (n = 49) or unfit (n = 25). Blood was collected before and after the pre-slaughter phase for determination of plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT), lactate, glucose and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Lameness, foot-pad dermatitis, lesions, illness, defects, and cachexia scores were, or tended to be, correlated with ≥ 1 physiological stress indicators. Unfit chickens tended to show or showed lower pre-transport glucose and lactate levels than fit chickens. Post-lairage, unfit chickens had higher TBARS and lower lactate levels compared to fit chickens. At high and low stocking densities, unfit chickens showed higher CORT levels than fit chickens. Furthermore, CORT levels of unfit chickens increased more at low stocking density. The results show that our method potentially identifies chickens experiencing additional stress during the pre-slaughter phase, due to poor physical condition. High and low stocking density proved a stressor for all, and especially for unfit chickens, with detrimental implications for their welfare.
Characteristics of ex-racing greyhounds in New Zealand and their impact on re-homing
Authors: Thomas JB , Adams NJ , Farnworth MJ 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA small proportion of greyhounds surplus to the racing industry are entered into specialist re-homing organisations to be re-purposed as pets. Records of 835 greyhounds, from New Zealand Greyhounds as Pets, were used to investigate whether pre-adoption characteristics (age, sex, racing record, reason entered) and management factors (temperament test result, foster and trainer effects) had a bearing on re-homing success, and comparisons were made with shelter studies. Re-homing greyhounds as pets is very successful with 85.5% ultimately successfully re-homed. Only 2.9% fail as a result of failed adoptions and 11.6% fail the initial temperament test and are therefore not considered for adoption. Greyhounds were more likely than shelter dogs to pass an initial temperament test and be adopted, and less likely to be returned after one month. However, adopted greyhounds were just as likely as shelter dogs to be returned after six months. Logistic regression revealed the youngest age group (< 25 months old) were more likely to pass the initial temperament test than older greyhounds. The re-homing success of greyhounds subsequently made available for adoption was not affected by age, but a sex effect was evident with females more likely to be successfully re-homed than males. Whether or not a dog had raced had no significant effect on the likelihood of successful re-homing. Greyhounds passing the temperament test with a basic pass were less likely to be successfully re-homed than greyhounds scoring a higher pass indicative of lower prey drive. Further investigation of the validity and reliability of the temperament test is warranted.
Feather-pecking and injurious pecking in organic laying hens in 107 flocks from eight European countries
Authors: Bestman M , Verwer C , Brenninkmeyer C , Willett A , Hinrichsen LK , Smajlhodzic F , Heerkens JLT , Gunnarsson S , Ferrante V 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFeather-pecking and cannibalism may reduce the potential of organic husbandry to enhance the welfare of laying hens. We report risk factors for these issues based on a large survey of 107 commercial flocks in eight European countries. Information was collected regarding housing, management and flock characteristics (age, genotype). Near the end of lay, 50 hens per flock were assessed for plumage condition and wounds. Potential influencing factors were screened and submitted to a multivariate model. The majority of the flocks (81%) consisted of brown genotypes and were found in six countries. Since white genotypes (19%) were found only in the two Scandinavian countries, a country effect could not be excluded. Therefore, separate models were made for brown and white genotypes. Feather damage in brown hens could be explained by a model containing a lower dietary protein content and no daily access to the free range (30% of the variation explained). For feather damage in white hens, no model could be made. Wounds in brown hens were associated with not having daily access to free range (14% of the variation explained). Wounds in white hens were explained by a model containing not topping-up litter during the laying period (26% of the variation explained). These results suggest that better feeding management, daily access to the free-range area and improved litter management may reduce incidence of plumage damage and associated injurious pecking, hence enhancing the welfare of organic laying hens. Since this was an epidemiological study, further experimental studies are needed to investigate the causal relationships.
Targeted dianthin is a powerful toxin to treat pancreatic carcinoma when applied in combination with the glycosylated triterpeneSO1861
Authors: Bhargava Cheenu , Dürkop Horst , Zhao Xiangli , Weng Alexander , Melzig Matthias F. , Fuchs Hendrik 
Published: July 2017

Targeted cancer therapy provides the basis for the arrest of tumor growth in aggressive pancreatic carcinoma; however, a number of protein‐based targeted toxins lack efficacy due to insufficient endosomal escape after being endocytosed. Therefore, we tested a fusion protein of the ribosome‐inactivating protein dianthin and human epidermal growth factor in combination with a glycosylated triterpene (SO1861) that serves as an endosomal escape enhancer.In vitroinvestigations with the pancreatic carcinoma cell lines BxPC‐3 andMIAPaCa‐2 revealed no significant differences to off‐target cells in the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the fusion protein. In contrast, combination withSO1861 decreased theIC50for BxPC‐3 cells from 100 to 0.17 nm, whereas control cells remained unaffected. Monotherapy of BxPC‐3 xenografts inCD‐1 nude mice led to a 51.7% average reduction in tumor size (40.8 mm3) when compared to placebo; however, combined treatment withSO1861 resulted in a more than 13‐fold better efficacy (3.0 mm3average tumor size) with complete regression in 80% of cases. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that tumor cells with lower target receptor expression are, in contrast to the combination therapy, able to escape from the monotherapy, which finally results in tumor growth. At the effective concentration, we did not observe liver toxicity and saw no other side effects with the exception of a reversible skin hardening at theSO1861 injection site, alongside an increase in platelet counts, plateletcrit, and platelet distribution width. In conclusion, combining a targeted toxin withSO1861 is proven to be a very promising approach for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Uplift and denudation history of the Akaishi Range, a thrust block formed by arc‐arc collision in central Japan: Insights from low‐temperature thermochronometry and thermokinematic modeling
Authors: Sueoka S. , Ikeda Y. , Kano K. , Tsutsumi H. , Tagami T. , Kohn B. P. , Hasebe N. , Tamura A. , Arai S. , Shibata K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFission track (FT), (U‐Th)/He (He), and U‐Pb data were used to identify the denudation history of the Akaishi Range, central Japan. The northern Akaishi Range is bounded on the east by the Itoigawa‐Shizuoka Tectonic Line Fault Zone (ISTL‐FZ). The thermochronometric ages progressively decrease with the decreasing distance to the ISTL‐FZ. Thermokinematic calculations suggest that the age pattern observed can be explained by 5–7.5 mm/yr reverse slip on the ISTL‐FZ that dips 34–45° west and soles onto detachment at 20–22.5 km depth. By assuming the same geometry and slip rate of the fault, the bedrock uplift rates and denudation rates are estimated at ~4 mm/yr. Thus, the uplift and denudation style of the northern Akaishi Range is well explained as a simple tilted thrust block that has been exhumed along the listric ISTL‐FZ. On the other hand, considering both the difference in apatite FT age and the active fault distribution, the southern Akaishi Range might be different in uplift origin and timing, although the difference in apatite FT ages between them may be attributable to the chlorine content variation in apatite. The inferred total denudation is larger than several kilometers and likely exceeds 10 km since the beginning of the northern Akaishi Range uplift, suggesting that the low‐relief surfaces on the ridges and the relatively constant elevations of the summits reflect postuplift denudation rather than preexisting low‐relief landforms.
The impact of higher‐order ionospheric effects on estimated tropospheric parameters in Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Zus F. , Deng Z. , Wickert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe impact of higher‐order ionospheric effects on the estimated station coordinates and clocks in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is well documented in literature. Simulation studies reveal that higher‐order ionospheric effects have a significant impact on the estimated tropospheric parameters as well. In particular, the tropospheric north‐gradient component is most affected for low‐latitude and midlatitude stations around noon. In a practical example we select a few hundred stations randomly distributed over the globe, in March 2012 (medium solar activity), and apply/do not apply ionospheric corrections in PPP. We compare the two sets of tropospheric parameters (ionospheric corrections applied/not applied) and find an overall good agreement with the prediction from the simulation study. The comparison of the tropospheric parameters with the tropospheric parameters derived from the ERA‐Interim global atmospheric reanalysis shows that ionospheric corrections must be consistently applied in PPP and the orbit and clock generation. The inconsistent application results in an artificial station displacement which is accompanied by an artificial “tilting” of the troposphere. This finding is relevant in particular for those who consider advanced GNSS tropospheric products for meteorological studies.
Monitoring deep inspiration breath hold for left‐sided localized breast cancer radiotherapy with an in‐house developed laser distance meter system
Authors: Jensen Christer A. , Abramova Tatiana , Frengen Jomar , Lund Jo‐Åsmund 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) in left‐sided breast cancer radiotherapy is a technique to reduce cardiac and pulmonary doses while maintaining target coverage. This study aims at evaluating an in‐house developed DIBH system. Free‐breathing (FB) and DIBH plans were generated for 22 left‐sided localized breast cancer patients who had radiation therapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery. All patients were treated utilizing an in‐house laser distance measuring system. 50 Gy was prescribed, and parameters of interest were target coverage, left anterior descending coronary artery, (LAD) and heart doses. Portal images were acquired and the reproducibility and stability of DIBH treatment were compared to FB. The comparing result shows there is a significant reduction in all LAD and heart dose statistics for DIBH compared to FB plans without compromising the target coverage. The maximum LAD dose was reduced from 43.7 Gy to 29.0 Gy and the volume of the heart receiving >25 Gy was reduced from 3.3% to 1.0% using the in‐house system, both statistically significant. The in‐house system gave a reproducible and stable DIBH treatment where the systematic error ∑, and random error σ, were less than 2.2 mm in all directions, but were not significantly better than at FB. The system was well tolerated and all patients completed their treatment sessions with DIBH.
Antibodies to TRIM46 are associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
Authors: van Coevorden‐Hameete Marleen H. , van Beuningen Sam F.B. , Perrenoud Matthieu , Will Lena M. , Hulsenboom Esther , Demonet Jean‐Francois , Sabater Lidia , Kros Johan M. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , Titulaer Maarten J. , de Graaff Esther , Sillevis Smitt Peter A.E. , Hoogenraad Casper C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractParaneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are often characterized by the presence of antineuronal antibodies in patient serum or cerebrospinal fluid. The detection of antineuronal antibodies has proven to be a useful tool in PNS diagnosis and the search for an underlying tumor. Here, we describe three patients with autoantibodies to several epitopes of the axon initial segment protein tripartite motif 46 (TRIM46). We show that anti‐TRIM46 antibodies are easy to detect in routine immunohistochemistry screening and can be confirmed by western blotting and cell‐based assay. Anti‐TRIM46 antibodies can occur in patients with diverse neurological syndromes and are associated with small‐cell lung carcinoma.
Gold‐Catalyzed [4+2]‐ and [3+3]‐Annulations of Ynamides with 1‐Yn‐3‐ols to Access Six‐Membered Carbocycles and Oxacycles via Three Distinct Cyclizations
Authors: Giri Sovan Sundar , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThree distinct strategies for catalytic annulations between ynamides and 1‐yn‐3‐ols are described; the resulting carbo‐ and heterocycles were produced efficiently in one‐pot operations using a gold catalyst. The chemoselectivities of these annulations are controlled by variations of the substituents of the ynamides and the 1‐yn‐3‐ols. This reaction sequence involves initial alkoxylations of ynamides, followed by Claisen rearrangement of propargylic enol ethers, and ends with 6‐endo‐trig cyclizations of 1‐allenyl‐5‐amide intermediates. Among these cascade annulations, the cyclizations of 5‐allenyl‐1‐amides to yield 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐pyranones and 6‐alkylenecyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐carboxamides are unprecedented in the literature.magnified image
Chemical Origin of the Stability Difference between Copper(I)‐ and Silver(I)‐Based Halide Double Perovskites
Authors: Xiao Zewen , Du Ke‐Zhao , Meng Weiwei , Mitzi David B. , Yan Yanfa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecently, CuI‐ and AgI‐based halide double perovskites have been proposed as promising candidates for overcoming the toxicity and instability issues inherent within the emerging Pb‐based halide perovskite absorbers. However, up to date, only AgI‐based halide double perovskites have been experimentally synthesized; there are no reports on successful synthesis of CuI‐based analogues. Here we show that, owing to the much higher energy level for the Cu 3d10 orbitals than for the Ag 4d10 orbitals, CuI atoms energetically favor 4‐fold coordination, forming [CuX4] tetrahedra (X=halogen), but not 6‐fold coordination as required for [CuX6] octahedra. In contrast, AgI atoms can have both 6‐ and 4‐fold coordinations. Our density functional theory calculations reveal that the synthesis of CuI halide double perovskites may instead lead to non‐perovskites containing [CuX4] tetrahedra, as confirmed by our material synthesis efforts.
Microfluidic Lithography of Bioinspired Helical Micromotors
Authors: Yu Yunru , Shang Luoran , Gao Wei , Zhao Ze , Wang Huan , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConsiderable efforts have been devoted to developing artificial micro/nanomotors that can convert energy into movement. A flow lithography integrated microfluidic spinning and spiraling system is developed for the continuous generation of bioinspired helical micromotors. Because the generation processes could be precisely tuned by adjusting the flow rates and the illuminating frequency, the length, diameter, and pitch of the helical micromotors were highly controllable. Benefiting from the fast online gelation and polymerization, the resultant helical micromotors could be imparted with Janus, triplex, and core–shell cross‐sectional structures that have never been achieved by other methods. Owing to the spatially controlled encapsulation of functional nanoparticles in the microstructures, the helical micromotors can perform locomotion not only by magnetically actuated rotation or corkscrew motion but also through chemically powered catalytic reaction.
In Situ Localization of Enzyme Activity in Live Cells by a Molecular Probe Releasing a Precipitating Fluorochrome
Authors: Liu Hong‐Wen , Li Ke , Hu Xiao‐Xiao , Zhu Longmin , Rong Qiming , Liu Yongchao , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Hasserodt Jens , Qu Feng‐Li , Tan Weihong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrent enzyme‐responsive, fluorogenic probes fail to provide in situ information because the released fluorophores tend to diffuse away from the reaction sites. The problem of diffusive signal dilution can be addressed by designing a probe that upon enzyme conversion releases a fluorophore that precipitates. An excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐based solid‐state fluorophore HTPQ was developed that is strictly insoluble in water and emits intense fluorescence in the solid state, with λex/em=410/550 nm, thus making it far better suited to use with a commercial confocal microscope. HTPQ was further utilized in the design of an enzyme‐responsive, fluorogenic probe (HTPQA), targeting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a model enzyme. HTPQA makes possible diffusion‐resistant in situ detection of endogenous ALP in live cells. It was also employed in the visualizing of different levels of ALP in osteosarcoma cells and tissue, thus demonstrating its interest for the diagnosis of this type of cancer.
Multicavity Metallosupramolecular Architectures
Authors: Vasdev Roan A. S. , Preston Dan , Crowley James D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDiscrete metallosupramolecular systems are often macrocyclic or cage‐like architectures with an accessible internal cavity. Guest molecules can reside within these cavities and much of the interest in these systems is derived from these fascinating host–guest interactions. A range of potential applications stem from the ability of these metallosupramolecular architectures to encapsulate guests. These applications include catalysis or acting as molecular reaction flasks, the molecular scavenging of pollutants, storage of reactive species, and drug delivery. Multicavity metallosupramolecular architectures combine the ability of large hollow assemblies to bind multiple guests concurrently with the binding specificity associated with small cages. A variety of different approaches to generating separate compartments within a single metallosupramolecular assembly have emerged. These include interpenetrated cages, cages with polytopic ligands that have a long backbone, and molecules that have two or more clefts. This review examines these approaches, and highlights key contributions to the field.
Hypospadias, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and Abnormalities of the Placenta
Authors: Toufaily M. Hassan , Roberts Drucilla J. , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Hunt Anne‐Therese , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundHypospadias is more common among male infants with growth restriction, defined as a birth weight less than the 10th centile, than in infants with a normal birth weight. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been associated, also, with abnormalities of the placenta, such as maternal vascular malperfusion. In a consecutive sample of newborn infants, the association between hypospadias, IUGR and abnormalities of the placenta could be analyzed.MethodsAffected infants were identified among 289,365 liveborn and stillborn infants in the Active Malformations Surveillance Program between 1972 and 2012. The four anatomic locations of the ectopic urethral opening, based on the recorded physical examination findings, were: (1) glandular; (2) subcoronal; (3) penile; (4) penoscrotal. Affected infants with associated malformations, a chromosome abnormality, teratogenic exposure, maternal diabetes mellitus, or multiple gestations were excluded.ResultsThree hundred sixteen affected infants were identified: 52.2% glandular, 11.7% subcoronal, 27.8% penile, and 8.2% penoscrotal. The highest frequency of IUGR (34.6%) was in the infants with the most severe hypospadias (penoscrotal). The 39 reports of placenta findings showed a high frequency of abnormalities.ConclusionAn increased rate of occurrence of hypospadias and abnormalities of the placenta were present in infants with intrauterine growth restriction. The postulated cause of this association is a deficiency in the function of the placenta during weeks 10 to 14 of gestation when normal masculinization occurs due to an increase in the level of placental human chorionic gonadotropin and fetal testosterone. The cause of the placental deficiency has not been established. Birth Defects Research 110:122–127, 2018.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.