bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiresponse Optimization of Edm Process with Nanofluids Using Topsis Method and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Prabhu S. , Vinayagam B. K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process with copper tool electrode is used to investigate the machining characteristics of AISI D2 tool steel material. The multi-wall carbon nanotube is mixed with dielectric fluids and its end characteristics like surface roughness, fractal dimension and metal removal rate (MRR) are analysed. In this EDM process, regression model is developed to predict surface roughness. The collection of experimental data is by using L9 Orthogonal Array. This study investigates the optimization of EDM machining parameters for AISI D2 Tool steel using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test are used to check the validity of the regression model and to determine the significant parameter affecting the surface roughness. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is used to capture the machined image at micro size and using spectroscopy software the surface roughness and fractal dimensions are analysed. Later, the parameters are optimized using MINITAB 15 software, and regression equation is compared with the actual measurements of machining process parameters. The developed mathematical model is further coupled with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the optimum conditions leading to the minimum surface roughness value of the workpiece.
Fe Analysis of a Steam Turbine HP Rotor Blade Stage Concerning Material Effort, Dynamic Properties and Creep Damage Assessment
Authors: Borkowski Paweł , Głowacki Dominik , Nowakowska Agnieszka , Pawlicki Jakub , Zwolinski Janisław 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the 1st stage of HP rotor blade assembly steam turbine TK 120. The methodology was focused on the selection of mechanical properties and the way of the rotor disc modeling and estimating the degree of damage caused by creep. Then the dynamic interference between the frequencies of excitation and the natural frequencies was assessed. Static calculations were performed for the cyclic sectors consisting of the disc, disc blades, spacers and shrouding, including loads as temperature, mass forces from the angular velocity and the pressure on the blades. Then, the creep analysis using a Norton’s model and the modal analysis were performed. Static analysis gave information concerning the distributions of displacements, stress and strain components. In the creep analysis, the creep displacements and stress relaxation versus time were determined and the estimated degree of damage caused by creep was evaluated at each part of the rotor disc. In the modal analysis, the natural frequencies and modes of vibrations corresponding to the nodal diameters were found. The results of modal analysis were shown in the SAFE graph. Numerical calculations have shown that the rotor disc was a well-designed structure and did not reveal any dynamic interference.
Raman spectroscopy and microwave dielectric properties of Sn substituted SrLa4Ti5O17 ceramics
Authors: Manan Abdul , Ullah Atta , Ahmad Arbab Safeer 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
SrLa4Ti5−xSnxO17 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) ceramics were fabricated through solid state ceramic route and their microwave dielectric properties were investigated in an attempt to tune their temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) to zero. The compositions were sintered to single phase SrLa4Ti5O17 and SrLa4Ti4.5Sn0.5O17 ceramics at x = 0 and x = 0.5, and SrLa4Ti4−xSnxO17 along with a small amount of La2Ti2O7 at x = 1. The major phase observed at x = 2 was La2Ti2O7 but along with SrLa4Ti4SnO17 and SrLa4Ti4O15 as the secondary phases. τf decreased from 117 to 23.0 ppm/°C but at the cost of dielectric constant (εr) and quality factor multiplied by resonant frequency (Qufo) which decreased from 65 to 33.6 and 11150 to 4191 GHz, respectively. The optimum microwave dielectric properties, i.e. τf = 38.6 ppm/°C, εr = 45.5 and Q
u
fo = 7919 GHz, correspond to the SrLa4Ti5−xSnxO17 composition with x = 1.
Synthesis and characterization of polyimide thin films obtained by thermal evaporation and solid state reaction
Authors: Al-Ajaj Ikram Atta , Kareem Aseel A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this research polyimide films were prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD), using solid state reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and p-phenylene diamine (PDA) to form poly(amic acid) (PAA) films. The resultant films were converted to polyimide by thermal treatment, usually below 300 °C. For this study, a FT-IR spectrometer has been used to measure the effect of imidization temperature on the chemical structure of the vapor-deposited thin films of aromatic PI. When temperature increased, an increase in all absorption peaks was observed. This suggests that residual PAA monomers continued to be converted into PI. The surface topology of the PI films obtained at imidization temperatures of 150, 200, 250 °C for 1 hour was further examined by using AFM atomic force microscopy. It can be clearly seen that the surface became rougher with increasing imidization temperature. The thermal stability of polyimide was also studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Wang Jiangxin , Lee Pooi See 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a new form of mechanically deformable electronics that are gaining increasing interests and believed to be one of the essential technologies for next generation lighting and display applications. Apart from the simple bending capability in flexible EL devices, the stretchable EL devices are required to withstand larger mechanical deformations and accommodate stretching strain beyond 10%. The excellent mechanical conformability in these devices enables their applications in rigorous mechanical conditions such as flexing, twisting, stretching, and folding.The stretchable EL devices can be conformably wrapped onto arbitrary curvilinear surface and respond seamlessly to the external or internal forces, leading to unprecedented applications that cannot be addressed with conventional technologies. For example, they are in demand for wide applications in biomedical-related devices or sensors and soft interactive display systems, including activating devices for photosensitive drug, imaging apparatus for internal tissues, electronic skins, interactive input and output devices, robotics, and volumetric displays. With increasingly stringent demand on the mechanical requirements, the fabrication of stretchable EL device is encountering many challenges that are difficult to resolve. In this review, recent progresses in the stretchable EL devices are covered with a focus on the approaches that are adopted to tackle materials and process challenges in stretchable EL devices and delineate the strategies in stretchable electronics. We first introduce the emission mechanisms that have been successfully demonstrated on stretchable EL devices. Limitations and advantages of the different mechanisms for stretchable EL devices are also discussed. Representative reports are reviewed based on different structural and material strategies. Unprecedented applications that have been enabled by the stretchable EL devices are reviewed. Finally, we summarize with our perspectives on the approaches for the stretchable EL devices and our proposals on the future development in these devices.
Optical and Infrared Helical Metamaterials
Authors: Kaschke Johannes , Wegener Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBy tailoring metamaterials with chiral unit cells, giant optical activity and strong circular dichroism have been achieved successfully over the past decade. Metamaterials based on arrays of metal helices have revolutionized the field of chiral metamaterials, because of their capability of exhibiting these pronounced chiro-optical effects over previously unmatched bandwidths. More recently, a large number of new metamaterial designs based on metal helices have been introduced with either optimized optical performance or other chiro-optical properties for novel applications.The fabrication of helical metamaterials is, however, challenging and even more so with growing complexity of the metamaterial designs. As conventional two-dimensional nanofabrication methods, for example, electron-beam lithography, are not well suited for helical metamaterials, the development of novel three-dimensional fabrication approaches has been triggered.Here, we will discuss the theory for helical metamaterials and the principle of operation. We also review advancements in helical metamaterial design and their limitations and influence on optical performance. Furthermore, we will compare novel nano- and microfabrication techniques that have successfully yielded metallic helical metamaterials. Finally, we also discuss recently presented applications of helical metamaterials extending beyond the use of far-field circular polarizers.
Fossil Fuel Rents: Who Initiates International Crises?
Authors: Bakaki Zorzeta 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExisting research suggests that both natural resource abundance and scarcity are likely to increase the risk of interstate and domestic conflict. Two crucial aspects, however, have largely been neglected in the existing literature: (1) the analysis of international crises (i.e. non-violent conflicts) and (2) the effects of different market conditions of energy resources. Especially a growing number of market participants can affect the strategic value of natural resources and, thus, the incentives for international crisis initiation. It is argued that different market structures make countries to adopt either aggressive or more peaceful behavior towards other states, and this is why I empirically then disaggregate fossil fuels along with the market that they belong to. This study examines 179 countries at the monadic level since 1980. The results suggest variation on the incentives of crisis initiation along the different fossil fuels, while I also correct for potential endogeneity issues.
Early results of liver resection using laparoscopic technique
Authors: Stanek Maciej , Pędziwiatr Michał , Radkowiak Dorota , Zychowicz Anna , Budzyński Piotr , Major Piotr , Budzyński Andrzej 
Published: April 2016

Abstractwas to present early outcomes of liver resection using laparoscopic technique.Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent liver resection using laparoscopic method was conducted. The analyzed group included 23 patients (11 women and 12 men). An average patient age was 61.3 years (37 – 83 years). Metastases of the colorectal cancer to the liver were the cause for qualification to the procedure of 15 patients, metastasis of breast cancer in 1 patient and primary liver malignancy in 5 patients. The other 2 patients were qualified to the liver resection to widen the surgical margins due to gall-bladder cancer diagnosed in the pathological assessment of the specimen resected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, initially performed for other than oncology indications.Hemihepatectomy was performed in 11 patients (9 right and 2 left), while the other 12 patients underwent minor resection procedures (5 metastasectomies, 4 nonanatomical liver resections, 1 bisegmentectomy, 2 resections of the gall-bladder fossa). An average duration of the surgical procedure was 275 minutes 65 – 600). An average size of the resected tumors was 28 mm (7 – 55 mm). In three cases conversion to laparotomy occurred, caused by excessive bleeding from the liver parenchyma. Postoperative complications were found in 4 patients (17.4%). Median hospitalization duration was 6 days (2 – 130 days). One patient (4.3%) was rehospitalized due to subhepatic abscess and required reoperation. Histopathology assessment confirmed radical resection (R0) in all patients in our group.Laparoscopic liver resections seem to be an interesting alternative in the treatment of focal lesions in the liver.
Massive inflammatory reaction following the removal of a ruptured silicone implant masking the invasive breast cancer – case report and literature review
Authors: Nowaczyk Piotr , Budnicka Aleksandra , Wichtowski Mateusz , Kurzawa Paweł , Murawa Dawid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a case of a patient with invasive ductal breast cancer following breast augmentation. Following breast implants rupture in March 2013 the breast implants have been removed – histopathological examination revealed leaked silicone with inflammatory infiltration, without evidence of cancerous lesions. Diagnostic imaging revealed multiple encapsulated silicone particles and clusters of post-inflammatory macrocalcifications in both breasts. In January 2014 the patient presented with symptoms of massive inflammation of the left breast. Following surgical consultation the patient had undergone radical left-sided mastectomy with lymphadenectomy. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed a multifocal advanced invasive ductal cancer G3 pT3pN3a (vascular invasion, metastases in 11 of 12 examined axillary lymph nodes). Following surgery the patient was qualified for further treatment – chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy. The discussion includes a review of literature on the risk evaluation of co-occurrence of breast cancers in women with silicone breast implants and presents diagnostic challenges of breast cancer in this patient group.
Penetrating trauma to the facial skeleton by pickaxe – case report
Authors: Neskoromna-Jędrzejczak Aneta , Bogusiak Katarzyna , Przygoński Aleksander , Timler Dariusz 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNumber of deaths related with injuries suffered as a result of experienced traumas is increasing. Penetrating traumas of the facial skeleton occur relatively rarely and much more often concern rather children than adults. Epidemiology relating this kind of trauma differs depending on the region of the world. In Poland, gunshot injuries as well as traumas caused by explosions of firecrackers or fireworks amount only to a slight percentage among all facial skeleton traumas, and the most common reason for penetrating traumas lies in accidents or assault with the use of sharp, narrow and long objects that easily enter bones of the facial skeleton.The present study reported the case of 50-year-old man who suffered from trauma of the facial skeleton, which resulted from foreign body (pickaxe) penetration into the subtemporal area, zygomatic arch and the right orbital cavity. The surgical treatment method and final outcome was presented and discussed.
Isolation and genetic analysis of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China
Authors: Li Ren-feng , Tian Xiang-qin , Liu Yong , Xu Jing , Liu Dong-yang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is having a severe effect on the pig breeding industry in central China. The mucosa and the content of the small intestine from newborn pre-weaned piglets with diarrhea were tested for the presence of PEDV by molecular and morphologic methods, and found to be positive. Negative-staining electron microscopy (EM) revealed the presence of coronavirus- like particles in the samples. The result of molecular detection by nested RT-PCR based on the amplification of the M gene was positive. Using a novel alternative method we successfully propagated the PEDV strain (CH/QX-2) in Vero cells, confirmed by ultrathin sections of the cells and Immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial S gene showed that the CH/QX-2 isolate was genetically closer to strains more commonly found in China, but differed genetically from two domestic strains (CH/S, 1986 and LZC, 2007), Korean strains (DR13, 2007), and the vaccine strain (CV777 vs) currently being used in China. CH/QX-2 formed a unique clade in the derived phylogenetic tree indicating that the CH/QX-2 strain currently circulating in central China is a new variant of PEDV. This study extends current knowledge on the diversity and epidemiology of PEDV.
An analysis of pH, pO2 and pCO2 in the peritoneal fluid of dogs with ascites of various etiologies
Authors: Glińska-Suchocka K. , Sławuta P. , Jankowski M. , Kubiak K. , Spużak J. , Borusewicz P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 in peritoneal fluid. The study was conducted on a group of 22 dogs with symptoms of ascites. Group 1 consisted of 4 dogs with adenocarcinoma, group 2 - of 6 dogs with glomerulonephritis, group 3 of 8 dogs with hepatic cirrhosis and group 4 of 4 dogs with bacterial peritonitis. An abdominal cavity puncture was performed in all dogs and the fluid was drawn into a heparinized syringe in order to assess pH, pO2 and pCO2 . The analysis of pH in the peritoneal fluid revealed statistically significant differences between group 4 and groups 1 (p=0.01), 2 (p=0.01), and 3 (p=0.01). The lowest pH value compared to the other studied groups was recorded in group 4. In group 4, the pO2 was the lowest compared to the other groups (group 1 p=0.01, group 2 p=0.01, group 3 p=0.01). The value of pCO2 was the highest in group 4 compared to groups 1, 2, and 3. The study found statistically significant differences in pH, pCO2 and pCO2 between group 4 (the group of dogs with bacterial peritonitis) and the other groups of dogs. This was probably linked to the pathogenesis of peritonitis. As a result of an inflammatory reaction within the peritoneal cavity, there is an increase in fibrin accumulations leading to a decreased oxygen supply causing the oxidative glucose metabolism to change into a non-oxidative glucose metabolism. This, in turn, causes a decrease in pH, acidosis, and a low oxidoreduction potential. It also impairs phagocytosis and activates proteolytic enzymes which create ideal conditions for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The obtained results indicate that the pH, pO2 and pCO2 may be used to differentiate bacterial peritonitis from ascites of other etiologies.
Effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on selected quality parameters of cryopreserved bull semen (AI) with reduced sperm motility
Authors: Lecewicz M. , Kordan W. , Majewska A. , Kamiński S. , Dziekońska A. , Mietelska K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on selected quality parameters of cryopreserved bull semen with reduced sperm motility used for artificial insemination. The aim of experiment 1 was to identify the optimal concentration of the phospholipid able to preserve sperm viability. Cryopreserved semen was treated with different PAF concentrations: 1×10-5M, 1×10-6M, 1×10-7M, 1×10-8M and 1×10-9M. The experiment demonstrated that PAF at concentration 1×10-9M increased most the sperm viability parameters (motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function) after 120 min of incubation of thawed semen at 37°C. Cryopreserved bull semen with reduced sperm motility (below 70%) was supplemented with PAF in a concentration of 1×10-9M. A statistically significant increase in sperm motility, percentage of linear motile spermatozoa and VSL value was observed after 120 min incubation of sperm with 1×10-9M PAF. Sperm supplementation with PAF also had positive effects on plasma membrane integrity and percentage of spermatozoa with preserved mitochondrial transmembrane potential, but the differences were not statistically significant. The results indicated positive effects of PAF supplementation at a concentration of 1×10-9M on the selected sperm quality parameters in cryopreserved bull semen with reduced motility.
Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and lipid metabolism parameters changes in different production cycle periods of Holstein-Friesian, Polish Red and Norwegian breeds
Authors: Kulka M. , Kołodziejska-Lesisz J. , Kluciński W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated the measurement of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), as a potential marker of redox state changes in dairy cows, its involvement in lipid metabolism and compared it with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity changes. We also evaluated lipid metabolism parameters associated with dairy production. PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase acitvities, SOD activity, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), uric acid (UA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in Holstein-Friesian, Polish Red and Norwegian breeds serum in two production cycles. Our data showed a significant postpartum depletion in PON1 activity and lipoprotein and lipid products concentrations, with elevated BHB values. However, there were no significant changes in SOD activity and uric acid concentrations in Holstein-Friesian and Polish Red breeds after calving. At lactation peak there was a significant SOD activity decrease correlated with standardized PON1 activity depletion in all examined breeds. The results suggest that PON1 might be a better parameter for minimal redox state changes in serum, shortly after labour in the examined breeds.
Ghrelin and its correlation with leptin, energy related metabolites and thyroidal hormones in dairy cows in transitional period
Authors: Nowroozi-Asl A. , Aarabi N. , Rowshan-Ghasrodashti A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe transition from late gestation to early lactation is a critical period in a dairy cow’s life so that dairy cows undergo tremendous changes during this period.The aim of this study was to determine blood levels of ghrelin, leptin, glucose, β-ydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in dairy Holstein cows (n = 20) and their correlations during the transition period.Blood samples were collected weekly from 3 wk antepartum to 6 wk postpartum from 20 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. Ghrelin and leptin of plasma and glucose, BHB, NEFA, TG, T3, T4 of serum were then measured.Early lactation cows showed significantly higher (p<0.05) values of ghrelin, BHB and NEFA, and lower levels of leptin, TG, T3 and T4 (p<0.05) compared to late dry cows. Serum concentrations of glucose did not differ significantly at any time (P>0.05).Plasma ghrelin concentrations showed positive correlations with the serum BHB and NEFA (p<0.01), while plasma ghrelin had negative correlations (p<0.01) with leptin, TG, T3 and T4. In addition, no significant correlation (p>0.05) was found between ghrelin and glucose.The results of the study showed that blood ghrelin, leptin, BHB and NEFA levels are sensitive indicators of the energy balance during the peri-partum period in dairy cows and glucose values may not be considered as a precise indicator of negative energy balance in dairy cows.
Preparation and characterization of SiO2/fluoroalkyl-trialkoxysilane/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/trimethylolpropane triacrylate and SiO2/3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate/ 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/trimethylolpropane triacrylate coatings on glass substrates using the sol-gel method
Authors: Chiu Wei-Ming , Syu Jhih-Siao , Tsai Peir-An , Wu Jyh-Horng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid materials were formed using the sol-gel process, in which SiO2/fluoroalkyl-trialkoxysilane (FAS)/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA)/trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and SiO2/3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MSMA)/ 2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films were formed on a glass substrate using dip coating. Experimental results revealed that FAS and MSMA improved the pencil hardness of SiO2/2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films without affecting their optical properties. FAS strengthened the hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of SiO2/2-HEMA/TMPTA thin films more than did MSMA. However, an excess of FAS and an increase in withdrawal rates deteriorates the gloss, because both increased the SiO2 content, reducing the reflectivity.