bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Urchin‐Like NiCo2S4 Microsphere Synergized with Sulfur‐Doped Graphene as Bifunctional Catalyst for Superior Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhang Jing , Bai Zhengyu , Jiang Gaopeng , Li Matthew , Feng Kun , Yang Lin , Ding Yuanli , Yu Tongwen , Chen Zhongwei , Yu Aiping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZnABs) are attracting great interest due to their high theoretical specific energy, safety, and economic viability. However, their performance and large‐scale practical applications are largely limited by poor durability and high overpotential on the air‐cathode due to the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER). Therefore, it is highly desired to exploit an ideal bifunctional catalyst to endow the obtained ZnABs with excellent ORR/OER catalytic performances. Herein, a new nonprecious‐metal bifunctional catalyst of urchin‐like NiCo2S4 microsphere synergized with sulfur‐doped graphene nanosheets (S‐GNS/NiCo2S4) is controllably designed and synthesized by simply tailoring the structure and electronic arrangement, which endow the as‐prepared catalyst with excellent electroactivity and long‐term durability toward ORR and OER. Importantly, ZnABs constructed by this outstanding catalyst exhibit high power density, small charge/discharge voltage gap, and excellent cycle stability, notably outperforming the more costly commercial Pt/C + Ir/C mixture catalyst. These excellent electrocatalytic performances together with the simplicity of the synthetic method, make the urchin‐like NiCo2S4 microsphere/S‐GNS hybrid nanostructure exhibit great promise as a superior air‐cathode catalyst for high‐performance rechargeable ZnABs.
Tunable Electrochemistry of Electrosynthesized Copper Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ji Liudi , Wang Juan , Wu Kangbing , Yang Nianjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized using different organic ligands are expected to have varied morphology and properties. Herein, three copper MOFs (Cu‐MOFs) are electrosynthesized using a simple and direct reduction approach and three organic ligands: 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid. The as‐synthesized Cu‐MOFs exhibit varied morphology. Their electrochemistry is further explored via investigating the natures of their capacitive, faradaic, and electrocatalytic behavior. The stability of these Cu‐MOFs is also checked during the course of electrochemical measurements. The secondary built units of organic ligands with copper ions are found theoretically and experimentally to determine both the morphology and active sites of Cu‐MOFs. Namely the electrochemistry of Cu‐MOFs is dependent on the used organic ligands. Cu‐MOF synthesized using 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid owns better electrochemistry than that using 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid or 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid. These MOFs keep their compositions and crystallinity unchanged in short times but loss them for long electrochemical running times. Therefore, the properties and applications of MOFs are designable and can be optimized during the course of reduction electrosynthesis processes via selecting organic ligands and metal ions.
Printing Conductive Micro‐Web Structures via Capillary Transport of Elastomeric Ink for Highly Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Lee Hyungdong , Lee Jaehyun , Seong Baekhoon , Jang Hyung‐Seok , Byun Doyoung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCapillary transport‐based printing dynamics are investigated using viscoelastic ink, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), to fabricate flexible and stretchable conductors. Without any microelectromechanical system techniques (e.g., molding), these soft and transparent structures can be obtained by fast and scalable steps. When attempted to draw mesh structures, microweb‐shaped structures are spontaneously formed due to the low surface energy and flow ability of the viscous PDMS liquid. Unlike the conventional planar‐shaped stretchable geometry, these microweb structures can be more stable because rounded edge area has advantages during stretching/releasing cycles as shown in previous research paper. After printing these microweb structures, functional silver nanoparticles are coated using polydopamine (PDA) solution. Polydopamine based on these structures shows very stable strain sensing cycles and highly durable results by adhesion test. As a result, this fabrication strategy can fabricate stretchable strain sensors with high and stable gauge factor by simple direct printing method, it is expected that it can have many applications such as electronic skin devices.
Body mass prediction from femoral volume and sixteen other femoral variables in the elderly: BMI and adipose tissue effects
Authors: Chevalier Tony , Clarys Jan Pieter , Lefèvre Philippe , Beauthier Jean‐Pol , Louryan Stéphane , Cattrysse Erik 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe frequently used prediction equations of body mass do not seem appropriate for elderly individuals. Here, we establish the relationship between femoral dimensions and known body mass in elderly individuals in order to develop prediction formulas and identify the factors affecting their accuracy.Materials and MethodsThe body mass linear least‐squares regression is based on 17 femoral dimensions, including femoral volume, and 66 individuals. Body proportion and composition effects on accuracy are analyzed by means of the body mass index (BMI) and on a subset sample (n = 25), by means of the masses of adipose, bone and muscle tissues.ResultsMost variables significantly reflect body mass. Among them, six dimensions (e.g., biepicondylar breadth, femoral volume, and head femoral diameter) present percent standard errors of estimate ranging from 9.5 to 11% (r = 0.72–0.81) in normal BMI samples. Correlations are clearly lower in samples with normal and abnormal BMI [r = 0.38–0.58; % of standard error of estimate (SEE) = 17.3–19.6%] and not significantly correlated in females (femoral volume) who present high proportions of abnormal BMI and adipose tissue. In the subset, femoral volume is well correlated with bone mass (r = 0.88; %SEE = 7.9%) and lean body mass (r = 0.67; %SEE = 17.2%).DiscussionOur body mass estimation equations for elderly individuals are relevant since relatively low correlations are recurrent in studies using younger individuals of known body mass. However, age, sex, lifestyle, and skeleton considerations of studied populations can provide information about the relevance of the body mass estimation, which is dependent on the BMI classification and the proportion of adipose tissue. Our general considerations can be used for studies of younger individuals.
The continuing misuse of null hypothesis significance testing in biological anthropology
Authors: Smith Richard J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is over 60 years of discussion in the statistical literature concerning the misuse and limitations of null hypothesis significance tests (NHST). Based on the prevalence of NHST in biological anthropology research, it appears that the discipline generally is unaware of these concerns. The p values used in NHST usually are interpreted incorrectly. A p value indicates the probability of the data given the null hypothesis. It should not be interpreted as the probability that the null hypothesis is true or as evidence for or against any specific alternative to the null hypothesis. P values are a function of both the sample size and the effect size, and therefore do not indicate whether the effect observed in the study is important, large, or small. P values have poor replicability in repeated experiments. The distribution of p values is continuous and varies from 0 to 1.0. The use of a cut‐off, generally p ≤ 0.05, to separate significant from nonsignificant results, is an arbitrary dichotomization of continuous variation. In 2016, the American Statistical Association issued a statement of principles regarding the misinterpretation of NHST, the first time it has done so regarding a specific statistical procedure in its 180‐year history. Effect sizes and confidence intervals, which can be calculated for any data used to calculate p values, provide more and better information about tested hypotheses than p values and NHST.
Tuning the High‐Temperature Wetting Behavior of Metals toward Ultrafine Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Yubing , Natarajan Bharath , Fan Yanchen , Xie Hua , Yang Chunpeng , Xu Shaomao , Yao Yonggang , Jiang Feng , Zhang Qianfan , Gilman Jeffrey W. , Hu Liangbing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe interaction between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and their substrate plays a critical role in determining the particle morphology, distribution, and properties. The pronounced impact of a thin oxide coating on the dispersion of metal NPs on a carbon substrate is presented. Al2O3‐supported Pt NPs are compared to the direct synthesis of Pt NPs on bare carbon surfaces. Pt NPs with an average size of about 2 nm and a size distribution ranging between 0.5 nm and 4.0 nm are synthesized on the Al2O3 coated carbon nanofiber, a significant improvement compared to those directly synthesized on a bare carbon surface. First‐principles modeling verifies the stronger adsorption of Pt clusters on Al2O3 than on carbon, which attributes the formation of ultrafine Pt NPs. This strategy paves the way towards the rational design of NPs with enhanced dispersion and controlled particle size, which are promising in energy storage and electrocatalysis.
MoP Nanoparticles Supported on Indium‐Doped Porous Carbon: Outstanding Catalysts for Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Sun Xiaofu , Lu Lu , Zhu Qinggong , Wu Congyi , Yang Dexin , Chen Chunjun , Han Buxing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 into value‐added product is an interesting area. MoP nanoparticles supported on porous carbon were synthesized using metal–organic frameworks as the carbon precursor, and initial work on CO2 electroreduction using the MoP‐based catalyst were carried out. It was discovered that MoP nanoparticles supported on In‐doped porous carbon had outstanding performance for CO2 reduction to formic acid. The Faradaic efficiency and current density could reach 96.5 % and 43.8 mA cm−2, respectively, when using ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the supporting electrolyte. The current density is higher than those reported up to date with very high Faradaic efficiency. The MoP nanoparticles and the doped In2O3 cooperated very well in catalyzing the CO2 electroreduction.
Total Synthesis and Conformational Study of Callyaerin A: Anti‐Tubercular Cyclic Peptide Bearing a Rare Rigidifying (Z)‐2,3‐ Diaminoacrylamide Moiety
Authors: Zhang Shengping , De Leon Rodriguez Luis M. , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Cook Gregory M. , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first synthesis of the anti‐TB cyclic peptide callyaerin A (1), containing a rare (Z)‐2,3‐diaminoacrylamide bridging motif, is reported. Fmoc‐formylglycine‐diethylacetal was used as a masked equivalent of formylglycine in the synthesis of the linear precursor to 1. Intramolecular cyclization between the formylglycine residue and the N‐terminal amine in the linear peptide precursor afforded the macrocyclic natural product 1. Synthetic 1 possessed potent anti‐TB activity (MIC100=32 μm) while its all‐amide congener was inactive. Variable‐temperature NMR studies of both the natural product and its all‐amide analogue revealed the extraordinary rigidity imposed by this diaminoacrylamide unit on peptide conformation. The work reported herein pinpoints the intrinsic role that the (Z)‐2,3‐diaminoacrylamide moiety confers on peptide bioactivity.
Development of highly reinforced maleated natural rubber nanocomposites based on sol–gel‐derived nano alumina
Authors: Roy Kumarjyoti , Jatejarungwong Chainut , Potiyaraj Pranut 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn the present study, sol–gel synthesized alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. Then, Al2O3 nanoparticles were employed to improve cure, mechanical, and thermal properties of maleated natural rubber (MNR) nanocomposites. The MNR nanocomposite with 2 phr nano Al2O3 exhibited excellent value of cure rate index and exceptionally high value of mechanical properties like modulus and tensile strength in comparison to unfilled MNR compound. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that nano Al2O3 was able to improve the thermal stability of MNR composites to some extent. Additionally, the present study revealed that the interfacial interaction between MNR and nano Al2O3 was far better than that between NR and nano Al2O3 as confirmed from crosslinking degree measurement and morphological analysis. The present article offers a fresh approach to prepare high performance nano Al2O3‐based MNR compounds for future industrial application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46248.
Neuropeptide AF Induces Piecemeal Degranulation in Murine Mucosal Mast Cells: A New Mediator in Neuro‐Immune Communication in the Intestinal Lamina Propria?
Authors: Abdellah Nada , van Remoortel Samuel , Mohey‐Elsaeed Omnia , Mustafa Mohamed‐Nabil , Ahmed Yasser A. , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Buckinx Roeland 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTNeuropeptides AF (NPAF), FF (NPFF) and SF (NPSF) are RFamide neuropeptides known to be widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system, where they fulfill a wide range of functions with pain modulation being the most prominent one. Recent evidence indicates that RFamides act as mediators in mast cell–sensory nerve communications related to allergic disease. Previous work by our group has shown that the expression levels of some members of the Mas‐related gene receptor (Mrgpr) family in both enteric neurons and mucosal mast cells change during intestinal inflammation. The Mrgpr subtypes C11 and A4 can be activated by NPAF, while A1 and C11 are triggered by NPFF. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether RFamides of the NPFF group are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and to identify possible targets and receptors that might be involved in RFamide‐associated mast cell modulation. To this end, the expression and distribution patterns of NPFF/AF receptors and the NPFF precursor protein were determined in bone marrow‐derived mucosal mast cells (BMMCs) by immunocytochemistry and (RT‐) PCR. BMMCs were found to express MrgprA4 and A1, and functional analysis of the effects of NPAF by means of a β‐hexosaminidase assay, mMCP‐1 ELISA, electron microscopy and live cell calcium imaging revealed a piecemeal degranulation induced by NPAF. However, knock‐out of MrgprA4 and A1 did not reduce the effect of NPAF, indicating that the BMMC response to NPAF was receptor independent. ProNPFF was expressed in neurons and BMMCs, suggesting that both cell types are potential sources of NPAF in situ. Our results show that the RFamide NPAF can be considered as a novel modulator of BMMC activity in the neuro‐immune communication in the gastrointestinal tract, although the exact signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. Anat Rec, 00:000–000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:1103–1114, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supramolecular Gels Derived from the Salts of Variously Substituted Phenylacetic Acid and Dicyclohexylamine: Design, Synthesis, Structures, and Dye Adsorption
Authors: Roy Rajdip , Adalder Tapas Kumar , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA well‐studied supramolecular synthon, namely, secondary ammonium monocarboxylate (SAM), was exploited to generate a new series of organic salts derived from variously substituted phenylacetic acid and dicyclohexylamine as potential low‐molecular‐weight gelators. As much as 25 % of the SAM salts under study were gelators. The gels were characterized by rheology, and the morphology of the gel networks was studied by high‐resolution electron microscopy. Single‐crystal and powder XRD data were employed to study structure–property (gelation) correlations. One of the gels could adsorb a hydrophobic dye (Nile Red) more efficiently than that of a hydrophilic dye (Calcein) from dimethyl sulfoxide; this might provide useful clues towards the development of stain‐removing gels.
Graph theory analysis of cortical thickness networks in adolescents with d‐transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Watson Christopher G. , Stopp Christian , Newburger Jane W. , Rivkin Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents with d‐transposition of the great arteries (d‐TGA) who had the arterial switch operation in infancy have been found to have structural brain differences compared to healthy controls. We used cortical thickness measurements obtained from structural brain MRI to determine group differences in global brain organization using a graph theoretical approach.MethodsNinety‐two d‐TGA subjects and 49 controls were scanned using one of two identical 1.5‐Tesla MRI systems. Mean cortical thickness was obtained from 34 regions per hemisphere using Freesurfer. A linear model was used for each brain region to adjust for subject age, sex, and scanning location. Structural connectivity for each group was inferred based on the presence of high inter‐regional correlations of the linear model residuals, and binary connectivity matrices were created by thresholding over a range of correlation values for each group. Graph theory analysis was performed using packages in R. Permutation tests were performed to determine significance of between‐group differences in global network measures.ResultsWithin‐group connectivity patterns were qualitatively different between groups. At lower network densities, controls had significantly more long‐range connections. The location and number of hub regions differed between groups: controls had a greater number of hubs at most network densities. The control network had a significant rightward asymmetry compared to the d‐TGA group at all network densities.ConclusionsUsing graph theory analysis of cortical thickness correlations, we found differences in brain structural network organization among d‐TGA adolescents compared to controls. These may be related to the white matter and gray matter differences previously found in this cohort, and in turn may be related to the cognitive deficits this cohort presents.
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism associates with affect and cortisol levels in women
Authors: Hill Lauren D. , Lorenzetti Margaret S. , Lyle Sarah M. , Fins Ana I. , Tartar Aurélien , Tartar Jaime L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe tested the extent to which the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism is associated with affective state and evening cortisol levels. We limited our study to women as previous research suggests that the link between COMT genotype and psychological health is entangled by sex differences.Materials and MethodsThe participants were assessed on measures of anxiety, mood disturbance, depressive symptomatology, and perceived stress. We also evaluated participants on a quality of life measures that included two emotion domains and two physical domains (physical health and environment).ResultsWe found that under normal (nonstress) conditions, the COMT A allele (Met carriers, higher dopamine) associates with healthier affect and lower afternoon cortisol levels in women. These effects were limited to affective measures and not to physical or environmental quality of life.ConclusionsThese findings help to shed light on the complex nature of COMT and emotion, and suggest that both sex and task condition (stress vs. nonstress) should be considered when examining the relationship between COMT genotype and emotion.
Propranolol can induce PTSD‐like memory impairments in rats
Authors: Zhu Rong‐Ting , Liu Xiang‐Hui , Shi Yan‐Wei , Wang Xiao‐Guang , Xue Li , Zhao Hu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionOne hallmark symptom of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an inability to restrict fear responses to the appropriate predictor. An infusion of glucocorticoids (GCs) after a high‐intensity shock has been shown to induce PTSD‐like memory impairments. In addition to GCs, noradrenergic signalling is also recognized as a key biomarker underlying PTSD symptomatology.MethodsTo explore the role of the noradrenergic system in PTSD‐like memory impairments, in this study, various doses of the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol were systemically or bilaterally injected into the dorsal hippocampus immediately after unpaired cue‐shock contextual fear conditioning, and then the rats were tested 24 h later.ResultsInterestingly, we found that only low‐dose propranolol could induce PTSD‐like memory impairments, as rats showed reduced freezing to the correct predictor and generalized fear responses to the safe cues, accompanied by increased NE levels in the hippocampus and altered neural activity within the frontal‐subcortical circuit.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that the noradrenergic system is involved in regulating the consolidation of contextual fear memory and that propranolol can dose‐dependently induce PTSD‐like memory impairments.
Surface‐Passivated Hierarchically Structured ZSM5 Zeolites: High‐Performance Shape‐Selective Catalysts for para‐Xylene Production
Authors: Lv Jian , Hua Zile , Zhou Jian , Liu Zhicheng , Guo Hangle , Shi Jianlin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHierarchically structured ZSM‐5 zeolites (HSZ) were synthesized and used as high‐performance catalysts for para‐xylene (p‐X) production by tuning their pore structures and external surface acidity, which was achieved by two independent passivation approaches: dealumination in oxalic acid solution and chemical liquid deposition of tetra‐ethoxysilane (CLD of TEOS). The mesoporous structures of HSZ were well‐preserved after dealumination or CLD of TEOS, and the external surfaces of HSZ were passivated significantly. Compared to dealumination, CLD is more efficient because not only the external surface could be passivated, but also the pore‐openings of HSZ had been effectively narrowed, which both favored the enhancement of product p‐X selectivity in ortho‐xylene (o‐X) isomerization. The constraint index (CI) of as‐synthesized catalysts derived from the competitive reactions of ethylbenzene (EB) dealkylation and meta‐xylene (m‐X) isomerization and gravimetric adsorption measurements were introduced to investigate the extent of pore‐narrowing by CLD of TEOS. Benefitting from the auxiliary mesopores and surface‐passivation treatments, the optimized catalyst HSZ(Si0.5) showed remarkably enhanced catalytic activity over the microporous ZSM‐5 counterpart in the model reaction of o‐X isomerization.
3D Printing for Chemical Process Laboratories II: Measuring Liquid‐Solid Mass Transfer Coefficients
Authors: Gelhausen Marius Gerrit , Lenz Daniel , Krull Fabian , Korkmaz Vedat , Agar David William 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sulfonation of solid acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene, a feedstock that is often used in the 3D printing process of fused filament fabrication, and its application in characterizing liquid‐solid mass transfer is reported. The ion‐exchange capacity was assessed experimentally, and intraparticle diffusion coupled with extraparticle liquid‐solid mass transfer was simulated. Tubular reactors and spherical particles were fabricated by 3D printing, modified by sulfonation, and used to determine mass transfer coefficients for laminar flow in a tubular reactor and a fixed bed of spherical particles. The results show good agreement with published correlations and demonstrate the applicability of this cost‐effective, accurate, and reliable method.