bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Literature on the Performance of Chinese Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Rugman Alan M. , Nguyen Quyen T. K. , Wei Ziyi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe synthesize the literature on Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) and find that much of the prior research is based on as few as a dozen case studies of Chinese firms. They are so case-specific that it has led to a misplaced call for new theories to explain Chinese firms’ internationalization. In an attempt to better relate theory with empirical evidence, we examine the largest 500 Chinese manufacturing firms. We aim to find out the number of Chinese manufacturing firms to be true MNEs by definition, and to examine their financial performance relative to global peers using the financial benchmarking method. We develop our theoretical perspectives from new internalization theory. We find that there are only 49 Chinese manufacturing firms to be true MNEs, whereas the rest are purely domestic firms. Their performance is poor relative to global peers. Chinese MNEs have home country bound firm-specific advantages (FSAs), which are built upon home country-specific advantages (home CSAs). They have not yet developed advanced management capabilities through recombination with host CSAs. Essentially, they acquire foreign firms to increase their sales in domestic market, but they fail to be competitive internationally and to achieve superior performance in overseas operations. Our findings have important strategic implications for managers, public policy makers, and academic research.
Nutritional status of lactating women in Bogor district, Indonesia: cross-sectional dietary intake in three economic quintiles and comparison with pre-pregnant women
Authors: Madanijah Siti , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Briawan Dodik , Zulaikhah Zulaikhah , Andarwulan Nuri , Nuraida Lilis , Sundjaya Tonny , Murti Laksmi , Bindels Jacques 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe way in which women accommodate for their increased nutritional needs during the lactation period is poorly investigated. In a cross-sectional study involving 220 lactating women (LW), equally distributed in economic quintiles (Q2, Q3, Q4), we investigated whether habitual dietary intake of LW differed from that of 200 pre-pregnant women (PPW) studied using the same methodology. Differences in dietary intake and nutrition sufficiency according to economic status were also investigated. Dietary intake data were collected using 2×24-h dietary recalls and FFQ. Energy, protein, Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes were calculated utilising local food composition tables and were compared against Indonesian recommendations for adequacy. Energy and protein intakes <70 % of the recommendation and Fe, Ca, Zn and vitamins A and C intakes <77 % of the recommendation were considered insufficient. Except for Zn, dietary intakes of all studied nutrients were higher in LW compared with PPW. However, for all studied nutrients, dietary intake was insufficient in >25 % of LW. For Q2-LW, this proportion was >50 %, except for protein. LW across all studied economic quintiles approximately doubled their vegetable intake, and 71 % of LW indicated a belief that this enhances lactation performance. Biochemical status parameters were analysed in a subset of forty-five women. Anaemia as well as Fe, Zn and Se deficiencies were prevalent among LW, supporting the nutrient intake deficiency data. Despite increasing intakes in LW compared with PPW, habitual diets in the study area do not provide for daily nutrient requirements in substantial proportions for both LW and PPW across all investigated economic groups.
The United States confronts Ebola: suasion, executive action and fragmentation
Authors: Greer Scott L. , Singer Phillip M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe United States’ experience with the Ebola virus in 2014 provides a window into US public health politics. First, the United States provided a case study in the role of suasion and executive action in the management of public health in a fragmented multi-level system. The variable capacity of different parts of the United States to respond to Ebola on the level of hospitals or state governments, and their different approaches, show the limitations of federal influence, the importance of knowledge and executive energy, and the diversity of both powerful actors and sources of power. Second, the politics of Ebola in the United States is a case study in the politics of partisan blame attribution. The outbreak struck in the run-up to an election that was likely to be good for the Republican party, and the election dominated interest in and opinions of Ebola in both the media and public opinion. Democratic voters and media downplayed Ebola while Republican voters and media focused on the outbreak. The media was a key conduit for this strategic politicization, as shown in the quantity, timing and framing of news about Ebola. Neither fragmentation nor partisanship appears to be going away, so understanding the politics of public health crises will remain important.
Dose-dependent role of claudin-1 in vivo in orchestrating features of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tokumasu Reitaro , Yamaga Kosuke , Yamazaki Yuji , Murota Hiroyuki , Suzuki Koya , Tamura Atsushi , Bando Kana , Furuta Yasuhide , Katayama Ichiro , Tsukita Sachiko 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceClaudin-1(CLDN1), which is thought to be a key gene for human skin disease, especially atopic dermatitis (AD), encodes the dominant claudin responsible for the paracellular barrier at tight junctions in the epidermis. Although decreasedCLDN1expression levels are reported in AD patients, it has been difficult to study how CLDN1 contributes to AD development, mainly becauseCldn1knock-out mice die within 1 d after birth from dehydration. In this report, we reproduced features of human AD in mice, by systematically regulating theCldn1expression level. Our experimental approach contributes to the understanding of AD’s etiology and suggests a therapeutic target for this disorder.
A viral kinase mimics S6 kinase to enhance cell proliferation
Authors: Bhatt Aadra Prashant , Wong Jason P. , Weinberg Marc S. , Host Kurtis M. , Giffin Louise C. , Buijnink Joshua , van Dijk Evert , Izumiya Yoshihiro , Kung Hsing-jien , Temple Brenda R. S. , Damania Blossom 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Viruses usurp the host cell machinery to replicate, disseminate, and propagate themselves. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral protein kinase (vPK) also known as ORF36. Using in silico modeling and biochemistry, we report that vPK/ORF36 displays limited homology to cellular S6 kinase B1 (S6KB1). Both kinases share overlapping substrates and can phosphorylate S6. However, unlike S6KB1, vPK augments S6 phosphorylation under conditions where mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is inhibited. vPK modulates cellular proliferation and protein synthesis, augments anchorage independence, and enhances angiogenesis. Depletion of vPK/ORF36 during lytic replication inhibits the production of infectious virions, thereby underscoring the importance of this kinase during the KSHV life cycle. Our collective observations suggest that vPK may function as a constitutively active mimic of S6KB1.
ATP: The crucial component of secretory vesicles
Authors: Estévez-Herrera Judith , Domínguez Natalia , Pardo Marta R. , González-Santana Ayoze , Westhead Edward W. , Borges Ricardo , Machado José David 
Published: June 2016

Significance
ATP is highly concentrated in secretory vesicles. In vitro experiments suggest that the association of ATP with catecholamines reduces their osmotic forces, permitting the extraordinary accumulation of amines within chromaffin granules. However, this has yet to be proved in living cells. Because functional cells cannot be deprived of ATP, we manipulated the vesicular nucleotide carrier, demonstrating that the extent of vesicular ATP is closely linked to the quantum catecholamine size. This is particularly evident in newly synthesized vesicles, the first to be released. This is the in vivo demonstration that vesicular ATP is an essential factor in the accumulation of neurotransmitters, which may well be a wider mechanism supporting quantal transmission.
Theranostic near-infrared fluorescent nanoplatform for imaging and systemic siRNA delivery to metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Liu Yanlan , Gunda Viswanath , Zhu Xi , Xu Xiaoding , Wu Jun , Askhatova Diana , Farokhzad Omid C. , Parangi Sareh , Shi Jinjun 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Current therapies have shown limited success in improving outcomes for lethal anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) characterized by rapid tumor growth and metastatic dissemination caused by the activation of genetic mutations. RNAi nanotechnology is emerging as a promising strategy for effectively treating such cancers and suppressing metastasis. However, suboptimal systemic delivery of RNAi agents to tumors and variable therapeutic responses because of tumor heterogeneity represent challenging hurdles to widespread clinical use. We describe an innovative near-infrared nanoplatform for systemic delivery of siRNA to ATC and real-time tracking of tumor accumulation. Antitumor growth and antimetastasis effects in an orthotopic ATC mouse model suggest this nanoplatform as a valuable tool for personalized treatment of ATC and other advanced malignancies.
Structure of the human 26S proteasome at a resolution of 3.9 Å
Authors: Schweitzer Andreas , Aufderheide Antje , Rudack Till , Beck Florian , Pfeifer Günter , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Sakata Eri , Schulten Klaus , Förster Friedrich , Baumeister Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

Significance
The 26S proteasome is a giant protease assembled from at least 32 different canonical subunits. In eukaryotic cells it is responsible for the regulated degradation of proteins marked for destruction by polyubiquitin tags. Mainly because of the conformational heterogeneity of the 26S holocomplex, its structure determination has been challenging. Using cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis we were able to obtain a high-resolution structure of the human 26S proteasome allowing us to put forward an essentially complete atomic model. This model provides insights into the proteasome’s mechanism of operation and could serve as a basis for structure-based drug discovery.
A Note on Varro and Etymologiae a Contrariis
Authors: Taylor Daniel J. 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 B.C.) has often been accused of propagating etymologies from contraries, e.g., war (bellum) is so called because it is not pretty (bellum). The facts prove otherwise, however, for he adduces only two such etymologies in his De Lingua Latina; one he rejects entirely, and the other he merely transmits. The mistaken attribution of etymologiae a contrariis to Varro derives from a misreading of Marcus Fabius Quintilian’s (c.5–100 A.D.) memorable diatribe against etymological excess wherein Varro can be guilty of formulating etymologiae a contrariis only by a false and unwarranted associatio.
British 18th-Century Orientalism and Arabic Dialectology
Authors: González Vázquez Araceli , Benítez Fernández Montserrat 
Published: June 2016

Summary
This article examines a relatively unknown 18th century European source on Moroccan Arabic. It is the article entitled “Dialogues on the vulgar Arabick of Morocco”, published in London in 1797 by William Price (1771–1830), a self-taught linguist and orientalist from Worcester, England. Price’s work is one of the few European texts predating 1800 focused on Moroccan Arabic, and providing some information about this linguistic variety. As we explain, Price obtained these “Dialogues” from “some natives of Barbary”, who happened to be in London. In the first four sections of the article, we examine the life and works of William Price, we place his activities as an expert in Arabic and other of the so-called “Oriental languages” in the context of 18th century British Orientalism, and we analyse the contents of the “Dialogues” provided in his article. These “Dialogues” consist of a conversation between two interlocutors who are taking a stroll in a walled coastal town of the Moroccan Atlantic strip. The fifth section of our contribution is a linguistic dialectological analysis of both the Arabic and Latin character transcriptions of Moroccan Arabic provided by Price. We analyse different issues concerning the transcriptions given, and we focus our linguistic study on phonological, morphological and syntactical issues.
Protective effects of ulinastatin and methylprednisolone against radiation-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Sun Yu , Du Yu-Jun , Zhao Hui , Zhang Guo-Xing , Sun Ni , Li Xiu-Jiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effectiveness of ulinastatin and methylprednisolone in treating pathological changes in mice with radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) was evaluated. Forty C57BL/6 female mice received whole-chest radiation (1.5 Gy/min for 12 min) and were randomly allocated into Group R (single radiation, n = 10), Group U (ulinastatin treatment, n = 10), Group M (methylprednisolone treatment, n = 10), or Group UM (ulinastatin and methylprednisolone treatment, n = 10). Another 10 untreated mice served as controls (Group C). Pathological changes in lung tissue, pulmonary interstitial area density (PIAD) and expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lung tissue, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Alleviation of pathological changes in lung tissue was observed in Groups U, M and UM. Treatment with ulinastatin, methylprednisolone or both effectively delayed the development of fibrosis at 12 weeks after radiation. Ulinastatin, methylprednisolone or both could alleviate the radiation-induced increase in the PIAD ( P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01). Treatment with ulinastatin, methylprednisolone or both significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, but not TGF-β1, at 9 weeks after radiation compared with Group R ( P &lt; 0.01). Ulinastatin and / or methylprednisolone effectively decreased the level of TNF-α in lung tissue after RILI and inhibited both the inflammatory response and the development of fibrosis.
Assessing Surgical Training and Deliberate Practice Methods in Dermatology Residency: A Survey of Dermatology Program Directors
Authors: Dai Julia , Bordeaux Jeremy S. , Miller Christopher J. , Sobanko Joseph F. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND
Resident surgical education and technical skills may be enhanced with deliberate practice-based learning. Deliberate practice methods, such as simulation-based training and formal skills-based assessments, allow for trainees to repeatedly practice a defined task with expert supervision and feedback.

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to characterize how surgical skills are taught and assessed in dermatology residency, with an emphasis on whether deliberate practice methods are incorporated in the surgical curriculum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A survey was administered to program directors at 117 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–approved dermatology residency programs during 2013 to 2014.

RESULTS
A total of 42 responses (36%) were collected. Over half of programs (57%) devote 10 to 30 hours each year to surgical didactics. Sixty-nine percent of programs use simulation models, and 62% of programs use formal assessment-guided feedback in evaluating surgical skills. Residents most commonly assume the role of primary surgeon in excisional surgery (100%) and less commonly in graft and flap reconstruction (52% and 52%, respectively). Twenty-nine percent of residents are the primary surgeons in Mohs micrographic surgery.

CONCLUSION
Dermatology residency programs are incorporating deliberate practice-based tenets in the surgical curriculum. These results provide a benchmark for programs to assess and improve the quality of dermatologic surgery training.
RESULTS OF PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ENDOGENOUS FUNGAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER URINARY TRACT PROCEDURES
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda H. , Ellakwa Amin F. , Elgemai Emad M. , Mansour Hosam O. , Heikal Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To report the results of pars plana vitrectomy with adjuvant intravitreal amphotericin B and systemic fluconazole in the management of endogenous endophthalmitis after the urinary tract procedures.

Methods:
Retrospective study of 10 eyes of 7 patients diagnosed as endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. Pars planavitrectomy with adjuvant intravitreal amphotericin B and oral fluconazole was conducted once the general condition is suitable. The final anatomical and functional results were evaluated.

Results:
Ten eyes of seven patients, five men and two women had pars plana vitrectomy. Control of infection was achieved in all cases. Visual acuity improved in 7 eyes (70%), remained the same in 2 eyes (20%), and worsened in 1 eye (10%). The retina was flat in all cases. No eye developed phthisis bulbi.

Conclusion:
In cases of fungal endophthalmitis, after urinary tract procedures, the prevention of phthisis bulbi can be achieved in all cases. Improvement of vision can be achieved in most of the cases. The final visual status depends on visual acuity at presentation, macular affection, and the presence of retinal detachment at presentation.
Electroencephalographic signatures of pain and analgesia in rats
Authors: LeBlanc Brian W. , Bowary Paul M. , Chao Yu-Chieh , Lii Theresa R. , Saab Carl Y. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Pain modulates rhythmic neuronal activity recorded by Electroencephalography (EEG) in humans. Our laboratory previously showed that rat models of acute and neuropathic pain manifest increased power in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) recorded by electrocorticography (ECoG). In this study, we hypothesized that pain increases EEG power and corticocortical coherence in different rat models of pain, whereas treatments with clinically effective analgesics reverse these changes. Our results show increased cortical power over S1 and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in awake, freely behaving rat models of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Coherence between PFC and S1 is increased at a late, but not early, time point during the development of neuropathic pain. Electroencephalography power is not affected by ibuprofen in the acute pain model. However, pregabalin and mexiletine reverse the changes in power and S1-PFC coherence in the inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. These data suggest that quantitative EEG might be a valuable predictor of pain and analgesia in rodents.
Intraoperative Handoffs and Postoperative Complications Among Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Oncology Operations
Authors: Doll Kemi M. , Lavery Jessica A. , Snavely Anna C. , Gehrig Paola A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
There is evidence that systems-based factors influence surgical outcomes of intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. The goal of this study was to provide an exploratory analysis of systems-based variables and their associations with surgical outcomes in gynecologic oncology patients. We merged electronic records from operating room software with billing claims from major surgeries performed from 2011 to 2013, at a tertiary care academic medical center. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between baseline demographic and clinical covariates (age, comorbidity, procedure type, and surgeon volume), the main exposure variables (case start time, case order, and personnel handoffs), and the primary outcome of 30-day postoperative complications. Multiple logistic regression models were created to analyze the contributing effect of each systemic variable on postoperative complications. The overall rate of postoperative complications among patients was 31.4% (n = 182). Although traditional risk factors of comorbidity, procedure type, and case length were the strongest primary drivers of complication risk, there was a significant relationship between handoffs among surgical scrub technicians and postoperative complications (odds ratio: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.00–4.47). As a novel finding in surgical quality and safety research, this supports greater efforts into integrating key staffing information into studies of systemic variables and surgical outcomes.
Neurobiology as Information Physics
Authors: Street Sterling 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article reviews thermodynamic relationships in the brain in an attempt to consolidate current research in systems neuroscience. The present synthesis supports proposals that thermodynamic information in the brain can be quantified to an appreciable degree of objectivity, that many qualitative properties of information in systems of the brain can be inferred by observing changes in thermodynamic quantities, and that many features of the brain’s anatomy and architecture illustrate relatively simple information-energy relationships. The brain may provide a unique window into the relationship between energy and information.
The fitness effects of spontaneous mutations nearly unseen by selection in a bacterium with multiple chromosomes
Authors: Dillon Marcus M. , Cooper Vaughn S. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMutation accumulation (MA) experiments employ the strategy of minimizing the population size of evolving lineages to greatly reduce effects of selection on newly arising mutations. Thus, most mutations fix within MA lines independently of their fitness effects. This approach, more recently combined with genome sequencing, has detailed the rates, spectra, and biases of different mutational processes. However, a quantitative understanding of the fitness effects of mutations virtually unseen by selection has remained an untapped opportunity. Here, we analyzed the fitness of 43 sequenced MA lines of the multi-chromosome bacteriumBurkholderia cenocepaciathat had each undergone 5554 generations of MA and accumulated an average of 6.73 spontaneous mutations. Most lineages exhibited either neutral or deleterious fitness in three different environments in comparison with their common ancestor. The only mutational class that was significantly overrepresented in lineages with reduced fitness was the loss of the plasmid, though nonsense mutations, missense mutations, and coding insertion-deletion mutations were also overrepresented in MA lineages whose fitness had significantly declined. Although the overall distribution of fitness effects was similar between the three environments, the magnitude and even the sign of the fitness of a number of lineages changed with the environment, demonstrating that the fitness of some genotypes was environmentally dependent. These results present an unprecedented picture of the fitness effects of spontaneous mutations in a bacterium with multiple chromosomes and provide greater quantitative support of the theory that the vast majority of spontaneous mutations are neutral or deleterious.