bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage conditions on virulence of Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria alternata on apple fruits
Authors: Tarlanović Jelena , Grahovac Mila , Milić Biserka , Keserović Zoran , Magazin Nenad , Petreš Mladen , Miodragović Maja 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo overcome difficulty in phytopathogenic fungi control during storage of apple fruits, the effect of different storage conditions on the occurrence and development of Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria alternata infections on apple cultivar “Cripps Pink” was investigated during and after storage. Inhibitory effects of wild oregano essential oil on apple fruit rots caused by F. avenaceum and A. alternata were also tested as possible rot control measure. Artificially inoculated apple fruits were kept in cold storage with normal (NA) and controlled (CA) atmosphere for 95 days and at room temperature only. The obtained results indicated that different storage conditions significantly affect necrosis development on apple fruits caused by F. avenaceum and A. alternata after storage, as well as during shelf life.
Down regulation ofAPETALA3 homolog resulted in defect of floral structure critical to explosive pollen release inCornus canadensis
Authors: Liu Xiang , Li Lu , (Jenny) Xiang Qiu‐Yun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn mature buds of the dwarf dogwood lineage (DW) ofCornus, petals and filaments form an “x”‐like box containing mechanical energy from the filaments to allow explosive pollen dispersal. As a start to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the origin of this unique structure inCornus, we cloned and characterized the sequences ofAPETALA3(AP3) homologs fromCornus canadensisof the DW lineage and five otherCornusspecies, given the function ofAP3on petal and stamen development inArabidopsis, and tested the function ofCorcanAP3using a stableAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation system. The clonedCorAP3s(AP3‐like genes inCornus) were confirmed to belong to theeuAP3lineage. qRT‐PCR analysis indicated strong increase ofCorcanAP3expression in floral buds of wildtypeC. canadensis. A hairpin construct ofCorcanAP3was successfully introduced into wild type plants ofC. canadensis, resulting in significant reduction ofCorcanAP3expression and abnormal floral development. The abnormal floral buds lost the “x” form and opened immaturely due to delay or retard of petal and stamen elongation and the push of style elongation. The results suggestedCorcanAP3may function to regulate the coordinated rate of development of petals and stamens inC. canadensis, necessary for the x‐structure formation, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. Comparison among sixCornusspecies indicated a greater ratio of stamen to petal and style growth inC. canadensis, suggesting an evolutionary change ofCorAP3expression pattern in the DW lineage, leading to the greater growth of filaments to form the “x”‐box.
Winter climate affects torpor patterns and roost choice in New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats
Authors: Czenze Z. J. , Brigham R. M. , Hickey A. J. R. , Parsons S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVariation in winter conditions differentially impacts thermoregulation of endotherms, with some species using torpor as an energy‐saving strategy during periods of negative energy balance. We evaluated how differences in energy balance due to winter ambient temperatures (Ta), would lead to differing torpor expression and roost choice between populations. Here, we monitored Ta and skin temperatures (Tsk) of New Zealand lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) using temperature telemetry from an inland population from Pureora, North Island and another from Hauturu/Little Barrier Island (Hauturu), an offshore island. Relative to Pureora, all recorded Ta variables were higher in Hauturu. Hauturu bats used short torpor (<24 h) more frequently (51% of observational days) than their Pureora conspecifics (33%). Furthermore, minimum Tsk of Hauturu bats correlated positively with mean Ta and Hauturu bats were more likely to arouse on nights with warmer sunset Ta. No correlation was found for Pureora bats. Torpor bout duration did not differ between sites. On Hauturu, bats preferred thermally unstable roosts and preferentially roosted inside dead punga/silver fern‐trees (Cyathea dealbata). As punga thermal characteristics did not differ from Ta, Hauturu bats may take advantage of warm Ta to reduce rewarming costs. We did not observe differences in any thermoregulatory variables between sexes in Hauturu. Differences in winter Ta may differentially impact populations across a latitudinal gradient. Although bat populations in warmer climates are under less thermoregulatory stress, site and climate specific adaptations appear to be employed that affect roost choice and torpor patterns.
Online Networks and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Sabatini Fabio , Sarracino Francesco 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe test the relationship between the use of social networking sites (SNS) and a proxy of utility, i.e. subjective well‐being (SWB), using instrumental variables. Additionally, we disentangle the indirect effects of SNS on well‐being mediated by face‐to‐face interactions and social trust using a structural equation model. Results suggest that the use of SNS hampers people's well‐being directly and indirectly, through its negative effects on social trust. However, the use of SNS also has a positive impact on well‐being because it increases the probability of face‐to‐face interactions. Yet, the net effect of the use of SNS for SWB remains negative.
Experimental work on the norms of assertion
Authors: Turri John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCommunication is essential to human society, and assertion is central to communication. This article reviews evidence from life science, cognitive science, and philosophy relevant to understanding how our social practice of assertion is structured and sustained. The principal conclusion supported by this body of evidence is that knowledge is a central norm of assertion—that is, according to the rules of the practice, assertions should express knowledge.
The Future of Cognitive Neuroscience? Reverse Inference in Focus
Authors: Nathan Marco J. , Del Pinal Guillermo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article presents and discusses one of the most prominent inferential strategies currently employed in cognitive neuropsychology, namely, reverse inference. Simply put, this is the practice of inferring, in the context of experimental tasks, the engagement of cognitive processes from locations or patterns of neural activation. This technique is notoriously controversial because, critics argue, it presupposes the problematic assumption that neural areas are functionally selective. We proceed as follows. We begin by introducing the basic structure of traditional “location‐based” reverse inference (§1) and discuss the influential lack of selectivity objection (§2). Next, we rehearse various ways of responding to this challenge and provide some reasons for cautious optimism (§3). The second part of the essay presents a more recent development: “pattern‐decoding reverse inference” (§4). This inferential strategy, we maintain, provides an even more convincing response to the lack of selectivity charge. Due to this and other methodological advantages, it is now a prominent component in the toolbox of cognitive neuropsychology (§5). Finally, we conclude by drawing some implications for philosophy of science and philosophy of mind (§6).
A Flavour of Class‐Based Spatial Change: Geographies of Haute Cuisine in the Netherlands
Authors: Boterman Willem R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the changing culinary geography of the Netherlands applying GIS methods. The changing location of Michelin star‐rated restaurants in the period 1986–2016 is put into a context of the changing relations between urban centres and their suburbs as well as the Randstad and the rest of the country. This paper suggests that the changing culinary geography of the Netherlands is related to the re‐emergence of larger cities, particularly of Amsterdam, associated with the rise of an urban middle class epitomised by processes of gentrification. High end award‐winning restaurants are argued to be a useful lens to study the symbolic geography of place, which integrates economic and symbolic perspectives on spatial change.
Refined methods to evaluate the in vivo hemostatic function and viability of transfused human platelets in rabbit models
Authors: Watanabe Naohide , Nogawa Masayuki , Ishiguro Mariko , Maruyama Hitomi , Shiba Masayuki , Satake Masahiro , Eto Koji , Handa Makoto 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDTo bridge the gap between in vitro function and clinical efficacy of platelet (PLT) transfusion products, reliable in vivo PLT functional assays for hemostasis and survival in animal models are required. However, there are no standardized methods for assessing the in vivo quality of transfused human PLTs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma‐depleted human PLT concentrates (PCs; Day 3, Day 5, Day 7, Day 10, and damaged) were transfused into busulfan‐induced rabbits with thrombocytopenia with prolonged bleeding times 1 day after treatment with ethyl palmitate (EP) to block their reticuloendothelial systems. The hemostatic effect of PC transfusion was evaluated by the ear fine vein bleeding time. For the in vivo survival assay, splenectomized EP‐treated rabbits were transfused with human PCs, and viability of the human PLTs in the rabbits was determined by flow cytometry using human PLT‐specific antibodies and Trucount tubes.RESULTSThe hemostatic effect of PCs was slightly reduced with increasing storage periods for early time points, but more dramatically reduced for later time points. PLT survival was similar after 3 and 7 days of storage, but PLTs stored for 10 days showed significantly poorer survival than those stored only 3 days.CONCLUSIONOur new and improved protocol for in vivo assessment of transfused PLTs is sufficiently sensitive to detect subtle changes in hemostatic function and viability of human PLTs transfused into rabbit models. This protocol could contribute to preclinical in vivo functional assessment and clinical quality assurance of emerging novel PLT products such as cultured cell–derived human PLTs.
Prevalence of positive direct antiglobulin test and clinical outcomes in Surinamese newborns from D‐negative women
Authors: Zonneveld Rens , Lamers Margriet , Schonewille Henk , Brand Anneke , Kanhai Humphrey H.H. , Zijlmans Wilco C.W.R. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDIn low‐resource countries, screening for D antibodies to detect pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn is not routine practice. Retrospective data showed that 5.5% of Surinamese newborns of D‐negative women had a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indicating the presence of maternal antibodies against fetal antigens. Here, the frequency and clinical relevance of DAT positivity is evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBetween April 2015 and June 2016, an observational, multicenter cohort study was undertaken among Surinamese newborns born to D‐negative women. In newborns, the DAT was performed, and clinical outcomes between DAT‐negative and DAT‐positive newborns were compared.RESULTSOf the 232 evaluable newborns, 19 (8.2%) had a positive DAT, of which 11 of 15 antibody‐tested newborns had D antibodies. DAT‐positive newborns had lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.02) and a trend toward higher bilirubin concentrations (p = 0.09) in the first days of life compared with DAT‐negative newborns. DAT‐positive newborns were admitted more frequently (p = 0.02), needed phototherapy treatment almost four times as often as DAT‐negative newborns (26% vs. 7%; p = 0.008), and therapy took 2 days longer (p = 0.01). Exchange transfusions were performed in two newborns with D antibodies, both complicated with sepsis. The hospital stay was 2.5 days longer for DAT‐positive newborns (p = 0.007). Overall, the prevalence of hemolytic disease of the newborn requiring treatment was 2.2% among the whole cohort of newborns.CONCLUSIONWe found a high prevalence of DAT positivity with substantial need for hyperbilirubinemia treatment in newborns in Suriname. These results stress the necessity for better management procedures in D‐negative women.
Exercise Testing Reveals Everyday Physical Challenges of Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Authors: Creel David B. , Schuh Leslie M. , Newton Robert L. , Stote Joseph J. , Cacucci Brenda M. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Few studies have quantified cardiorespiratory fitness among individuals seeking bariatric surgery. Treadmill testing allows researchers to determine exercise capacity through metabolic equivalents. These findings can assist clinicians in understanding patients’ capabilities to carry out various activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to determine exercise tolerance and the variables associated with fitness, among individuals seeking bariatric surgery. Methods: Bariatric surgery candidates completed submaximal treadmill testing and provided ratings of perceived exertion. Each participant also completed questionnaires related to history of exercise, mood, and perceived barriers/benefits of exercise. Results: Over half of participants reported that exercise was “hard to very hard” before reaching 70% of heart rate reserve, and one-third of participants reported that exercise was “moderately hard” at less than 3 metabolic equivalents (light activity). Body mass index and age accounted for the majority of the variance in exercise tolerance, but athletic history, employment status, and perceived health benefits also contributed. Perceived benefit scores were higher than barrier scores. Conclusion: Categories commonly used to describe moderate-intensity exercise (3–6 metabolic equivalents) do not coincide with perceptions of intensity among many bariatric surgery candidates, especially those with a body mass index of 50 or more.
Dose Selection for an Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein Vaccine for Older Adults Based on Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses
Authors: Falloon Judith , Talbot H. Keipp , Curtis Craig , Ervin John , Krieger Diane , Dubovsky Filip , Takas Therese , Yu Jing , Yu Li , Lambert Stacie L. , Villafana Tonya , Esser Mark T. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This is the second phase 1 study of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine containing RSV fusion protein (sF) adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA) in a squalene-based 2% stable emulsion (GLA-SE). In this randomized, double-blind study, 261 subjects aged ≥60 years received inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), a vaccine containing 120 μg sF with escalating doses of GLA (1, 2.5, or 5 μg) in SE, or a vaccine containing 80 μg sF with 2.5 μg GLA in SE. Subjects receiving 120 μg sF with 2.5 or 5 μg GLA were also randomized to receive IIV or placebo. Immunity to RSV was assessed by detection of microneutralizing, anti-F immunoglobulin G, and palivizumab-competitive antibodies and F-specific gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay T-cell responses. Higher adjuvant doses increased injection site discomfort, but at the highest dose, the reactogenicity was similar to that of IIV. Significant humoral and cellular immune responses were observed. The 120 μg sF plus 5.0 μg GLA formulation resulted in the highest responses in all subjects and in older subjects. These results confirm previous observations of vaccine tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity and were used to select the 120 μg sF plus 5.0 μg GLA formulation for phase 2 evaluation. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02289820.)
Draft Genome Sequence of Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn (ATCC 12698)
Authors: Putonti Catherine , Cudone Evan , Kalesinskas Laurynas , Engelbrecht Kathleen C. , Koenig David W. , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The actinobacterium
Micrococcus luteus
can be found in a wide variety of habitats. Here, we report the 2,411,958-bp draft genome sequence of the type strain
M. leuteus
(Schroeter) Cohn (ATCC 12698). Characteristic of this taxa, the genome sequence has a high G+C content, 73.14%.
Next-Generation Sequence Analysis Reveals Transfer of Methicillin Resistance to a Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strain That Subsequently Caused a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreak: a Descriptive Study
Authors: Weterings Veronica , Bosch Thijs , Witteveen Sandra , Landman Fabian , Schouls Leo , Kluytmans Jan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Resistance to methicillin in
Staphylococcus aureus
is caused primarily by the
mecA
gene, which is carried on a mobile genetic element, the staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
). Horizontal transfer of this element is supposed to be an important factor in the emergence of new clones of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) but has been rarely observed in real time. In 2012, an outbreak occurred involving a health care worker (HCW) and three patients, all carrying a fusidic acid-resistant MRSA strain. The husband of the HCW was screened for MRSA carriage, but only a methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) strain, which was also resistant to fusidic acid, was detected. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing showed that both the MSSA and MRSA isolates were MT4053-MC0005. This finding led to the hypothesis that the MSSA strain acquired the SCC
mec
and subsequently caused an outbreak. To support this hypothesis, next-generation sequencing of the MSSA and MRSA isolates was performed. This study showed that the MSSA isolate clustered closely with the outbreak isolates based on whole-genome multilocus sequence typing and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, with a genetic distance of 17 genes and 44 SNPs, respectively. Remarkably, there were relatively large differences in the mobile genetic elements in strains within and between individuals. The limited genetic distance between the MSSA and MRSA isolates in combination with a clear epidemiologic link supports the hypothesis that the MSSA isolate acquired a SCC
mec
and that the resulting MRSA strain caused an outbreak.
Risk of dementia in patients with non-haemorrhagic stroke receiving acupuncture treatment: a nationwide matched cohort study from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database
Authors: Shih Chun-Chuan , Yeh Chun-Chieh , Hu Chaur-Jong , Lane Hsin-Long , Tsai Chin-Chuan , Chen Ta-Liang , Liao Chien-Chang 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of dementia in patients with stroke who did and did not receive acupuncture treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThis study was based on Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database that included patients with stroke hospitalised between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004.ParticipantsWe identified 11 220 patients aged 50 years and older with newly diagnosed stroke hospitalisation.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe compared the incident dementia during the follow-up period until the end of 2009 in patients with stroke who did and did not receive acupuncture. The adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of dementia associated with acupuncture were calculated in multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions.ResultsAcupuncture treatment was associated with a decreased risk of dementia with multivariate adjustment (HR, 0.73; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80), and the association was significant in both sexes and every age group, as well as in groups with ischaemic stroke, with fewer medical conditions and those hospitalised after stroke. Patients with stroke received acupuncture treatment, and conventional rehabilitation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of poststroke dementia (HR, 0.64; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.74).ConclusionsThis study raises the possibility that patients with non-haemorrhagic stroke who received acupuncture had a reduced risk of dementia. The results suggest the need for prospective sham-controlled and randomised trials to establish the efficacy of acupuncture in preventing dementia.
Prevalence and injury patterns among electronic waste workers in the informal sector in Nigeria
Authors: Ohajinwa Chimere May , van Bodegom Peter M , Vijver Martina G , Olumide Adesola O , Osibanjo Oladele , Peijnenburg Willie J G M 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundDespite the large volume of e-waste recycled informally, the prevalence of work-related injuries among e-waste workers is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with occupational injuries among e-waste workers in the informal sector in Nigeria.MethodsThis cross-sectional study adopted a multistage sampling method to select 279 respondents from three cities (Ibadan, Lagos and Aba) in Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographics, work practices and injury occurrences from the respondents in 2015. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and standard logistic regression.ResultsWe found high injury prevalence of 38% and 68% in 1–2 weeks and 6 months preceding the study, respectively. The most common injuries were cuts (59%). Injuries were mainly caused by sharp objects (77%). The majority (82%) of the injuries occurred on the hands/fingers. Despite the high occurrence of injury, only 18% of the workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) and 51% of those that use PPE got at least an injury in 1–2 weeks and 88% got at least an injury in 6 months preceding the study. The factors associated with injury in 1–2 weeks were job designation and the geographical location, while the factors associated with injury in 6 months were job designation, geographical location and age.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of injury and low use of PPE among the e-waste workers in Nigeria. Occupational injury can be reduced through health education and safety promotion programmes for e-waste workers.