bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leopold Buczkowski’s Czarny potok: Commemoration of a Shtetl as a Humanistic Crisis
Authors: Brenner Rachel F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Leopold Buczkowski (1905–89) is considered one of the most enigmatic Polish prose writers. Czarny potok (Black Torrent), his first postwar novel and his masterpiece, was critically examined in terms of its complex aesthetic. This article focuses on the thematic of Black Torrent, which centers on the destruction of the Jewish town Szabasowa. Thus, in one sense, the novel serves as a Yizkor Book, a testimonial of the destruction of a Jewish community. In another sense, the novel presents a unique vision of Polish and Jewish underground insurgents on a mission to protect the surviving Jewish children and defend the population at large. This Polish-Jewish band proclaims an empathic-dialogic relationship of equals; their shared goal of fighting the occupier and collaborators supersedes the identifications of ethnicity, blood kinship, or religion. However, unavoidable exposure to the inhumane Weltanschauung of the enemy raises the issue of the effects of the genocidal system on the humanistic orientation of the band members. While attempts to reform the perpetrator in an empathic-dialogic interaction fail, the recourse to a violent, ruthless struggle for survival denotes a compromise of the humanistic values of equality, justice, and empathy. The article shows how Buczkowski’s ars poetica informed by his humanistic-enlightened upbringing enabled his vision of human solidarity and mutual obligation under the circumstances of genocidal terror.
Evaluation of Degree of Coordination between Chinese Investment in Basic Research and Economic Growth
Authors: Dandan Wu , Zichen Wang , Shengming Zheng 
Published: May 2016

<p>Based on the theory of complex systems science and synergetics, a model for the coordination degree of complex system “investment in basic research and economic growth” was built in this paper for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of coordination between investment in basic research and economic growth in China in recent 2 decades from a macro perspective. Results show that the subsystem of investment in basic research and the subsystem of economic growth and the whole complete system are showing a good momentum of steady growth. Although the subsystem of investment in basic research is slightly inferior to the subsystem of economic growth in order degree, it more matches the coordination of China's economic growth on the whole. In order to further promote and strengthen the basic research efforts in China, a number of policy recommendations were raised in this paper with a view to advancing the proper operation of the investment in basic research system in China in the new normal of economy and its long-term coordinate development with the complex system of economic growth. </p>
Integratie kan woonplaatsplicht bij personen met subsidiaire bescherming rechtvaardigen
Authors: Pahladsingh A. 
Published: May 2016

Integratie kan woonplaatsplicht bij personen met subsidiaire bescherming rechtvaardigen.
Het Hof van Justitie spreekt zich in het arrest Alo en Osso uit over de verhouding tussen het vrije verkeer van personen met de subsidiaire beschermingsstatus en de maatregelen ter bevordering van hun integratie. Een woonplaatsverplichting mag hun worden opgelegd wanneer zij meer met integratieproblemen worden geconfronteerd dan andere personen die geen burger van de Unie zijn en legaal verblijven op het grondgebied van de lidstaat die deze bescherming heeft verleend.HvJ 1 maart 2016, gevoegde zaken C-443/14 en C-444/14, Alo en Osso, ECLI:EU:C:2016:127
Jurisprudentie zoeken op Europese schaal
Authors: van Opijnen M. , Veenman B. 
Published: May 2016

Jurisprudentie zoeken op Europese schaal: Hoe de ECLI-zoekmachine de grensoverschrijdende toegankelijkheid van rechterlijke uitspraken vergroot
De European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) is inmiddels door acht lidstaten en drie Europese gerechten geïmplementeerd. Het citeren en vinden van uitspraken wordt daarmee reeds vereenvoudigd, maar de echte kracht van het ECLI-raamwerk zal beter zichtbaar worden nu ook de ECLI-zoekmachine beschikbaar is. Op deze door de Europese Commissie ontwikkelde website zijn miljoenen rechterlijke uitspraken op uniforme wijze doorzoekbaar gemaakt. Weliswaar is deze zoekmachine een belangrijke stap voorwaarts, maar de komende jaren zal nog veel werk moeten worden verzet om de grensoverschrijdende toegankelijkheid van rechtspraak verder te verbeteren. Voor een deel kan dat met slimme technologie, maar ook de rechterlijke macht zelf zal een bijdrage moeten leveren.https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_ecli_search_engine-430-nl.do
Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?
Authors: Verloop P.C. , West M.A.J. 
Published: May 2016

Bestuurlijke boete of bestuurlijke strafbeschikking?
Een bijdrage van mr. Verloop en mr. West naar aanleiding van het WODC-rapport De punitieve handhaving van de Omgevingswet in welk rapport wordt ingegaan op de gewenste opzet en inrichting van de punitieve handhaving van de nieuwe Omgevingswet. Aan de hand van de slotbeschouwing van het rapport gaan de schrijvers in op de stelling of bij de keuze tussen de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking en de bestuurlijke boete, primair te dient worden ingezet op de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking.
Van feitgecodeerde naar beleidsgebaseerde bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingen
Authors: Boer P.W.S. 
Published: May 2016

Van feitgecodeerde naar beleidsgebaseerde bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingen
De huidige toepassing van de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking kent knelpunten: te weinig feiten, met rigide feitomschrijvingen en vaste tarieven, zodat onvoldoende rekening kan worden gehouden met specifieke omstandigheden. Voor meer passende bestraffing wordt in het onderzoeksrapport Punitieve handhaving van de Omgevingswet een meer open bestuurlijke strafbeschikkingsbevoegdheid voorgesteld. In dit artikel wordt dit voorstel gesteund. Door niet meer te werken met de systematiek van feitcodes maar met meer algemene omschrijvingen en bandbreedtes voor boetes, en dus met meer beleidsvrijheid kan het instrument van de bestuurlijke strafbeschikking leiden tot een bredere inzet van de kennis en capaciteit van het bestuur binnen de strafvordering.
Conceptions d’enseignants marocains du primaire à propos des démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en oeuvre pour actualiser la pédagogie de l’intégration
Authors: Bou-serdane Ismail 
Published: May 2016

La pédagogie de l’intégration a été prescrite par le ministère de l’Éducation nationale marocain en 2009 afin de mettre en oeuvre une approche par compétences dans les écoles marocaines. Cet article s’interroge sur la mise en oeuvre de cette pédagogie dans les salles de classe. Sur la base d’une recherche conduite sous la forme d’entrevue, il analyse les conceptions d’enseignants marocains du primaire au regard des démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en place pour opérationnaliser cette pédagogie. Les résultats de cette analyse révèlent que les enseignants maintiennent toujours une logique de transmission des savoirs dans la façon dont ils conçoivent les démarches d’enseignement-apprentissage à mettre en oeuvre pour actualiser la pédagogie de l’intégration.
Entre science et politique : les politiques du savoir dans le monde associatif
Authors: Lochard Yves , Simonet-Cusset Maud 
Published: May 2016

Depuis les années 1980, il est possible d’identifier un mouvement général du monde associatif vers la production de savoirs propres et une reconnaissance institutionnelle de cette contribution à l’observation sociale. L’analyse des discours et des pratiques des acteurs met en évidence une diversité de politiques des savoirs : des politiques qui se définissent dans un double rapport au monde scientifique d’une part, et à l’État de l’autre, et qui, dans leur diversité, sont traversées par une même tension : celle de la coexistence et de l’articulation d’une logique de l’action et d’une logique de la connaissance.
High-performance self-aligned graphene transistors fabricated using contamination- and defect-free process
Authors: Park Goon-Ho , Kim Kwan-Soo , Fukidome Hirokazu , Suemitsu Tetsuya , Otsuji Taiichi , Cho Won-Ju , Suemitsu Maki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A contamination- and defect-free process is proposed for self-aligned graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) fabrication using a protective gold layer and by its etching. The gold layer serves as an electrode metal for both the source and drain. GFETs fabricated by this method exhibit superior electrical characteristics, such as an intrinsic carrier mobility of 8900 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a series resistance of 1520 Ω µm, which is ascribed to the effective blocking of unwanted contamination and defect formation as well as to the reduction in access length due to the self-aligned configuration. Our approach is quite promising as a device fabrication method for high-performance GFETs.
Fabrication of free-standing subwavelength metal–insulator–metal gratings using high-aspect-ratio nanoimprint techniques
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Mitsudome Masato , Itoh Shintaro , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the construction of a free-standing metal–insulator–metal (MIM) subwavelength grating by nanoimprint and lift-off techniques, which can be used as a plasmonic color filter for imaging a multicolor spectrum. The free-standing subwavelength grating was designed to be composed of Al (50 nm)–SiO2 (150 nm)–Al (50 nm) layers, and the thickness of the SiO2 layer determined the wavelength selectivity for the color filter. The residual-free nanoimprint with an aspect ratio of

was applied in the lift-off process to the formation of MIM gratings. We successfully developed subwavelength MIM gratings with heights of more than 200 nm. We also demonstrated the fabrication of a free-standing MIM grating without lateral stiction, which was expected to improve the wavelength selectivity of a free-standing plasmonic color filter.
Sheet shape-controlling method for hundreds-of-nanometer-thick polymer film using soluble polymer layer
Authors: Shimbo Sota , Fujie Toshinori , Iwase Eiji 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We proposed a sheet shape-controlling method for a hundreds-of-nanometers-thick polymeric ultrathin film (referred to as a “nanosheet”) for folding the film into a cylindrical shape and unfolding the film into a flat shape. To control the shape of the nanosheet, we used a triple-layered structure, which included a nanosheet and additional two layers of a water-soluble polymer. The additional two layers are thicker than the nanosheet, and one of the two layers was loaded to prestretch that layer. Therefore, the triple-layered structure was folded into a cylindrical shape owing to strain mismatch between the two layers and unfolded into a flat shape after the dissolution of the two layers. In this study, we could successfully estimate the radius of curvature of the triple-layered structure by considering the strain mismatch between the two layers. In addition, we confirmed that the triple-layered structure unfolded into a flat shape by the dissolution of the two layers.
Kinetic evidence of magnetic reconnection due to Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves
Authors: Li W. , André M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Graham D. B. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , Norgren C. , Henri P. , Wang C. , Tang B. B. , Lavraud B. , Vernisse Y. , Turner D. L. , Burch J. , Torbert R. , Magnes W. , Russell C. T. , Blake J. B. , Mauk B. , Giles B. , Pollock C. , Fennell J. , Jaynes A. , Avanov L. A. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Saito Y. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability at the Earth's magnetopause is predominantly excited during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Magnetic reconnection due to KH waves has been suggested as one of the mechanisms to transfer solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. We investigate KH waves observed at the magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission; in particular, we study the trailing edges of KH waves with Alfvénic ion jets. We observe gradual mixing of magnetospheric and magnetosheath ions at the boundary layer. The magnetospheric electrons with energy up to 80 keV are observed on the magnetosheath side of the jets, which indicates that they escape into the magnetosheath through reconnected magnetic field lines. At the same time, the low‐energy (below 100 eV) magnetosheath electrons enter the magnetosphere and are heated in the field‐aligned direction at the high‐density edge of the jets. Our observations provide unambiguous kinetic evidence for ongoing reconnection due to KH waves.
Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Sulfamides via a Lossen‐Like Rearrangement
Authors: Pantaine Loïc , Richard François , Marrot Jérôme , Moreau Xavier , Coeffard Vincent , Greck Christine 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA convenient one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides via a Lossen‐like rearrangement is reported. The protocol operates under simple conditions at room temperature and does not require an inert atmosphere and a dry solvent. The ability of N‐hydroxy arenesulfonamide O‐derivatives to generate under mild conditions N‐sulfonylimine intermediates was a trigger point for developing a general synthetic strategy towards unsymmetrical sulfamides. The synthetic potential of the methodology has been investigated by preparing cyclic sulfamides and new potential chiral organocatalysts.magnified image
Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Bond Functionalization of Pyrroles: Convenient Construction of Spiroindolenines
Authors: Lei Xiantao , Xie Hong‐Yan , Xu Chang , Liu Xiaoyu , Wen Xiaoan , Sun Hongbin , Xu Qing‐Long 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn intramolecular palladium(II)‐catalyzed dearomative arylation reaction of indoles via CH bond functionalization was developed, providing access to structurally novel spiroindolenines with moderate to good yields. A one‐pot process for the synthesis of spiroindoline derivatives was also realized.magnified image
Association between summer temperature and body weight in Japanese adolescents and children: An ecological analysis
Authors: Yokoya Masana , Higuchi Yukito 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveSeveral experimental studies reported evidence of a negative energy balance at higher temperatures. However, corresponding weight loss has not been noted in clinical practice. This study investigated the geographical association between outdoor temperature and body weight in Japanese adolescents and children.MethodsAn ecological analysis was conducted using prefecture‐level data on the mean body weight of Japanese adolescents and children over a 25‐year period and Japanese mesh (regional) climatic data on the mean annual temperature, mean daily maximum temperature in August, and mean daily minimum temperature in January were also analyzed.ResultsCorrelation analysis uncovered a stronger association between weight and the mean daily maximum temperature in August than with other climatic variables. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that height and the mean daily maximum temperature in August were statistically significant predictors of weight. This suggests that geographical differences in weight in Japanese adolescents and children can be explained by the complementary relationship between height‐associated weight gain and weight loss caused by summer heat.ConclusionsSummer temperatures may reduce the proportion of children who are overweight and contribute to geographical differences in body weight in Japanese adolescents and children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:789–795, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH‐sensitive pHluorins as a molecular sensor for in situ monitoring of enzyme‐catalyzed prodrug activation
Authors: Liu Hui , Cao Xiaodan , Wang Ping , Ma Xingyuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work examines the feasibility of using a pH‐sensitive fluorescent protein as a molecular reporter for enzyme‐catalyzed prodrug activation reaction. Specifically, a ratiometric pHluorins was examined for detection of the activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the activation of indole‐3‐acetic acid. The pHluorins and HRP were conjugated chemically, forming a biocatalyst with a self‐reporting function. Results showed that the characteristic fluorescence intensity ratio of the conjugate shifted from 1.47 to 1.40 corresponding to the progress of the prodrug activation reaction. The effectiveness of applying the conjugate for inhibition of the growth of Bcap‐37 cells was also demonstrated simultaneously with reaction monitoring. The results reveal a very promising approach to realizing in situ monitoring of enzyme activities based on pH shifting for enzyme‐based prodrug therapy applications.
Aptamer‐aptamer linkage based aptasensor for highly enhanced detection of small molecules
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Thuan , Lee Bang Hyun , Kim Sang Hoon , Gu Man Bock 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe multi‐target colorimetric aptasensors can be easily fabricated by using two different aptamer sequences. However, there have been no research reports about improvement or enhancing of colorimetric signals based on the aggregation properties of AuNPs. Herein, we report a simple and efficient method to control and enhance the function of the multi‐target aptasensor using an aptamer‐aptamer linkage method. The aptasensor was developed for highly sensitive multiple‐target detection of small molecules. The extension of aptamer DNA sequences using this method resulted in the enhanced analytical sensitivity of this aptasensor in sensing applications for two small molecule targets. Furthermore, the mechanism of the interaction between DNA aptamer and AuNPs was studied by measuring the zeta potential to explain the enhancement of the sensitivity of this multi‐target aptasensor. The limit of detection of this multi‐target aptasensor was found to be 1 nM and 37 nM for kanamycin (KAN) and chlortetracycline (CHLOR), respectively. It is 25‐fold lower than in the previous report using an AuNP‐based sensor for defining the limit of detection (LOD) of KAN and five times lower than the LOD for CHLOR. This aptasensor has great potential in the simultaneous detection of a wide range of KAN and CHLOR concentrations.
Efficient White‐Light Generation from Ionically Self‐Assembled Triply‐Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles
Authors: Das Susmita , Debnath Tanay , Basu Amrita , Ghosh Deepanwita , Das Abhijit Kumar , Baker Gary A. , Patra Amitava 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLow cost, simple, and environmentally friendly strategies for white‐light generation which do not require rare‐earth phosphors or other toxic or elementally scare species remain an essentially unmet challenge. Progress in the area of all‐organic approaches is highly sought, single molecular systems remaining a particular challenge. Taking inspiration from the designer nature of ionic‐liquid chemistry, we now introduce a new strategy toward white‐light emission based on the facile generation of nanoparticles comprising three different fluorophores assembled in a well‐defined stoichiometry purely through electrostatic interactions. The building blocks consist of the fluorophores aminopyrene, fluorescein, and rhodamine 6G which represent blue, green, and red‐emitting species, respectively. Spherical nanoparticles 16(±5) nm in size were prepared which display bright white‐light emission with high fluorescence quantum efficiency (26 %) and color coordinate at (0.29, 0.38) which lie in close proximity to pure white light (0.33, 0.33). It is noteworthy that this same fluorophore mixture in free solution yields only blue emission. Density functional theory calculations reveal H‐bond and ground‐state proton transfer mediated absolute non‐parallel orientation of the constituent units which result in frustrated energy transfer, giving rise to emission from the individual centers and concomitant white‐light emission.
Self‐Assembled Fibers Containing Stable Organic Radical Moieties: Alignment and Magnetic Properties in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Eimura Hiroki , Umeta Yoshikazu , Tokoro Hiroko , Yoshio Masafumi , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Kato Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMacroscopically oriented stable organic radicals have been obtained by using a liquid–crystalline (LC) gel composed of an l‐isoleucine‐based low molecular weight gelator containing a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl moiety. The LC gel has allowed magnetic measurements of the oriented organic radical. The gelator has formed fibrous aggregates in liquid crystals via intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The fibrous aggregates of the radical gelator are formed and oriented on cooling by applying a magnetic field to the mixture of liquid crystals and the gelator. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements have revealed that both oriented and nonoriented fibrous aggregates exhibited antiferromagnetic interactions, in which super‐exchange interaction constant J is estimated as −0.89 cm−1.
A 1,3‐Capped Calix[4] Conjugate Possessing an Amine Moiety as an Anion Receptor: Reversible Anion Sensing Detected by Spectroscopy and Characterization of the Supramolecular Features by Microscopy
Authors: Nehra Anita , Yarramala Deepthi S. , Rao Chebrolu Pulla 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA phenylenediamine‐capped conjugate of calix[4]arene (Lamino) was synthesized by reducing its precursor, Limino, with sodium borohydride in methanol. The Lamino sample binds to anions due to the more flexible and bent conformation of the capped aminophenolic binding core, compared to the precursor Limino. The Lamino sample showed selectivity towards H2PO4− by exhibiting a ratiometric increase in emission by about 11‐fold with a detection limit of (1.2±0.2) μm ((116±20) ppb) over 15 anions studied, including other phosphates, such as P2O74−, adenosine monophosphate (AMP2−), adenosine diphosphate (ADP2−), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP2−). The Lamino sample shows an increase in the absorbance at λ=315 nm in the presence of H2PO4−, CO32−, HCO3−, CH3CO2−, and F−. The 1H NMR spectroscopic titration of Lamino with H2PO4−, F−, and CH3CO2− showed major changes in the phenylene‐capped and salicyl moieties, and thereby, confirming the aminophenolic region as the binding core. However, the binding strength of these anions followed the trend H2PO4−>F−≫CH3CO2−>HSO4−. The heat changes observed by isothermal titration calorimetry support this trend. The Lamino sample showed reversible sensing towards H2PO4− and F− in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, respectively. NOESY studies of Lamino, in comparison with its anionic complexes, revealed that major conformational changes occurred in the capping region to facilitate the binding of anion. ESI‐MS and the Job's method revealed 1:1 stoichiometry between Lamino and H2PO4− or F−. In the SEM micrographs of Lamino, the spherical particles are converted into spherical aggregates and further form large agglomerates and even branched sheets in the presence of anions, depending upon their binding strength.
Pd‐NHC‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of General Aryl Sulfides with Alkynyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Baralle Alexandre , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions of unactivated aryl sulfides with alkynylmagnesium chloride have been invented to afford 1‐aryl‐1‐alkynes with the aid of a palladium/N‐heterocyclic carbene complex. This reaction has by far the widest scope of all transformations utilizing aryl sulfides and alkynes, while known cross‐coupling alkynylations of aryl‐sulfur electrophiles require activated azaaryl sulfides, thiolactams, or arenesulfonyl chlorides. The alkynylation of aryl sulfides is compatible with typical protecting functional groups. The alkynylation is applied to the synthesis of benzofuran‐based fluorescent molecules by taking advantage of characteristic organosulfur chemistry.