bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccines against major ICU pathogens: where do we stand?
Authors: Pletz Mathias W. , Uebele Julia , Götz Karen , Hagel Stefan , Bekeredjian-Ding Isabelle 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens has confronted physicians around the world with the threat of inefficacy of the antibiotic regime, which is particularly important for patients with sepsis. Antibiotic resistance has revived search for alternative nonantibiotic strategies. Among them, prophylaxis by vaccination is an appealing concept.

Recent findings
This review provides a compact overview on available vaccines against community-acquired pathogens such as pneumococci (in synergy with influenza) and meningococci and provides an overview on the ongoing developments of vaccines targeting typical nosocomial pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Acintetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Summary
The effects achieved by some conjugated vaccines (e.g. against Haemophilus influenzae B and Streptococcus pneumoniae) are encouraging. Their widespread use has resulted in a decrease or almost elimination of invasive diseases by the covered pneumococcal serotypes or Haemophilus influenzae B, respectively. These vaccines confer not only individual protection but also exploit herd protection effects. However, a multitude of failures reflects the obstacles on the way to effective and well tolerated bacterial vaccines. Regional differences in strain prevalence and variability of antigens that limit cross-protectivity remain major obstacles. However, promising candidates are in clinical development.
Critical care for dengue in adult patients: an overview of current knowledge and future challenges
Authors: Pang Junxiong , Leo Yee-Sin , Lye David C. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
This review aims to update and summarize the current knowledge about clinical features, management, and risk factors of adult dengue patients requiring intensive care with consequently higher risk of mortality.

Recent findings
Increasingly, there are more adult dengue patients who require intensive care. This may be due to a shift in epidemiology of dengue infection from mainly a pediatric disease toward adult disease. In addition, multiorgan dysfunction was observed to be a key risk factor for ICU admission and mortality. This may be due to older adults having preexisting comorbidities that potentially predispose to have multiple severe organ impairment. Interventions remain largely supportive but also require more evidence-based trials and treatment protocols.

Summary
These findings highlight the common clinical manifestations of adult dengue patients and the challenges of clinical management in ICU. Risk factors for prediction of adult dengue patients who require ICU are available, but they lack validation and consistent study design for meta-analysis in future. Early recognition of these risk factors, with close monitoring and prompt clinical management, remains critical to reduce mortality.
Community-acquired pneumonia: still a major burden of disease
Authors: Feldman Charles , Anderson Ronald 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Describe recent studies that may impact on the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Recent findings
CAP continues to be associated with a considerable burden of disease. Diagnosis remains problematic, and various biomarkers are neither accurate in the diagnosis of the presence of CAP nor superior to standard severity of illness scores in predicting outcome. Current evidence indicates that patients with nonsevere CAP can be effectively treated with antibiotic monotherapy, whereas those with severe infection, particularly ICU cases, do best with early initiation of combination antibiotic therapy. Several studies have investigated anti-inflammatory, adjunctive therapies for severe CAP, with corticosteroids appearing to be most promising. It is well recognized that cardiac complications occur during the course of CAP, being associated with poorer short-term and long-term outcomes, prompting considerable interest in the adjunctive potential of statins and antiplatelet therapies. In addition to evaluating these adjunctive therapies, attention has also focused on identifying strategies that predict the need for ICU admission in patients with CAP.

Summary
Although questions remain, particularly with regard to prediction of outcome, recent studies of CAP, both clinical and experimental, have contributed novel insights into disease pathogenesis that may enable improvement of current treatment strategies.
Sequential Crohn’s Ileitis, Ileosigmoidal Fistula, Segmental Sigmoid Polyposis, and Sigmoid Stricture
Authors: Korelitz Burton I. , Kesar Vivek , Taunk Raja , Schneider Judy 
Published: July 2016

Background:
We have previously recognized segmental sigmoid polyps as an indicator of a fistula from Crohn’s ileitis to the sigmoid or the proximal rectum. In the course of this study, we realized that many patients with this fistula had no sigmoid polyps, but the sigmoid was the site of marked inflammation and early or late stricture formation. Furthermore, in some patients with a stricture, the fistula was not recognized until the surgeon (or the pathologist) dissected an inflammatory peri-ileal and/or a perisigmoidal mass.
In this study, we have sought to clarify the sequence of events by focusing on the segmental inflammation and the stricturing of the sigmoid so that its significance can be recognized as a local complication of the ileitis and the progression of its severity as opposed to arising sui generis.

Materials and Methods:
From our database of >3000 patients with inflammatory bowel disease at Lenox Hill Hospital, we identified 45 patients with Crohn’s ileitis and ileosigmoid fistula (ISF): 24 had segmental sigmoid polyps and 18 had segmental inflammatory sigmoid strictures. The fistula was first seen by imaging in 36 patients, but not until resection by the surgeon or dissection by the pathologist in 7 patients.

Results:
The method of diagnosis for the initial recognition of the ISF and the sigmoid stricture is presented in Table 1. In 36 of the 45 cases, the ISF was recognized by radiologic imaging. In total, 31 of the 36 cases required surgical intervention, not because of the fistula, but because of small-bowel obstruction due to the ileitis. In 7 of the 31 (22%) cases, the fistula was recognized only by dissection of the inflammatory ileosigmoid mass by the surgeon or examination of the surgical specimen by the pathologist. The sequence of events from the originating ileitis to the ISF to the segmental sigmoid polyposis and stricture, with the resulting sigmoid obstruction, is shown in Figures 1A–E.

Conclusions:
We emphasize the natural history of the ISF so that its recognition will lead to earlier medical management of the originating ileitis. Furthermore, it adds evidence of the recognition that the causative agent of Crohn’s disease is carried by the fecal stream.
Mechanism of Increased Intestinal Permeability in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Sonika Ujjwal , Goswami Pooja , Thakur Bhaskar , Yadav Rajni , Das Prasenjit , Ahuja Vineet , Saraya Anoop 
Published: July 2016

Background and Aims:
Intestinal permeability (IP) has been shown to be increased in acute pancreatitis (AP) and is considered to be responsible for development of septic complications. However, the mechanism of increase in IP is not well studied. We studied whether alteration in tight junction proteins (TJP) has any role in altered IP in patients with AP.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care referral center. Twenty consecutive moderate and severe AP patients fulfilling the study criteria were included along with 20 controls that underwent gastroduodenoscopy for dyspepsia. IP was measured with lactulose mannitol (LM) ratio and TJP were studied by measuring expression of claudin-2 and claudin-4 in duodenal biopsy samples. Statistical analysis was done with STATA 13.0.

Results:
IP as depicted by LM ratio was significantly higher in AP patients as compared with controls (4.659±10.4 vs. 0.101±0.297; P<0.001). Claudin-4 expression was reduced in duodenal biopsies in AP patients (P<0.001 for crypt intercellular junction and P=0.007 for crypt cytoplasm). However, LM ratio was not associated with either mortality (P=0.12) or development of infected pancreatic necrosis (P=0.3).

Conclusions:
IP is increased in AP. Alteration in TJP in the form of reduced claudin-4 expressions could be the possible mechanism for increased IP.
True, true, unrelated? A review of recent evidence for a causal influence of breakfast on obesity
Authors: Dhurandhar Emily J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
It has long been known that breakfast skipping is associated with obesity; however, well controlled clinical trials have only recently been conducted to determine a causative relationship.

Recent findings
Skipping breakfast is likely to be detrimental for insulin sensitivity; however, randomized trials suggest that it does not play a large role in weight gain or weight loss. Specific breakfast strategies such as certain types of breakfast, and consuming more calories in the morning relative to the evening, however, may produce greater weight loss.

Summary
The act of eating breakfast, compared to skipping it, does not appear to have a large impact on body weight. More specific strategies regarding the size and type of breakfast may be required for a substantial effect on weight loss, and improving glycemic regulation may be an important reason to consume breakfast rather than skipping it.
Optimizing Team Dynamics: An Assessment of Physician Trainees and Advanced Practice Providers Collaborative Practice*
Authors: Foster Cortney B. , Simone Shari , Bagdure Dayanand , Garber Nan A. , Bhutta Adnan 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
The presence of advanced practice providers has become increasingly common in many ICUs. The ideal staffing model for units that contain both advanced practice providers and physician trainees has not been described. The objectives of this study were to evaluate ICU staffing models that include physician trainees and advanced practice providers and their effects on patient outcomes, resident and fellow education, and training experience. A second aim was to assess strategies to promote collaboration between team members.

Data Sources:
PubMed, CINAHL, OVID MEDLINE, and Cochrane Review from 2002 to 2015.

Study Selection:
Experimental study designs conducted in an ICU setting.

Data Extraction:
Two reviewers screened articles for eligibility and independently abstracted data using the identified search terms.

Data Synthesis:
We found 21 articles describing ICU team structure and outcomes. Four articles were found describing the impact of advanced practice providers on resident or fellow education. Two articles were found discussing strategies to promote collaboration between advanced practice providers and critical care fellows or residents.

Conclusions:
Several articles were identified describing the utilization of advanced practice providers in the ICU and the impact of models of care on patient outcomes. Limited data exist describing the impact of advanced practice providers on resident and fellow education and training experience. In addition, there are minimal data describing methods to enhance collaboration between providers. Future research should focus on determining the optimal ICU team structure to improve patient outcomes, education of trainees, and job satisfaction of team members and methods to promote collaboration between advanced practice providers and physicians in training.
Intralesional Injection of Bevacizumab for the Treatment of an Apical Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation
Authors: Sweeney Adam R. , Chappell Michael , Khorsand Derek A. , Jian-Amadi Arash , Francis Courtney E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Surgical excision of orbital cavernous venous malformations located in the orbital apex is challenging due to difficulty obtaining surgical exposure and higher risk of morbidity. Intralesional bevacizumab injection has been utilized for the treatment of choroidal and intracranial cavernous venous malformations. A 52-year-old woman with an orbital apical mass consistent with a cavernous venous malformation causing decreased visual acuity, diminished color vision, and visual field loss was treated with intralesional bevacizumab injected under direct surgical visualization. Subsequently, she demonstrated improved visual acuity, color vision, and slow but dramatic visual field improvement over one year. Injection of bevacizumab may be a viable alternative treatment for orbital cavernous venous malformations.
Nonglaucomatous Cupping: Fundus Photography and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Features
Authors: Aboobakar Inas F. , Mettu Pradeep , El-Dairi Mays A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Nonglaucomatous cupping is commonly encountered in neuro-ophthalmic practice. However, the progression of clinical and imaging findings over time has not been well described. We present serial fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography from a pediatric patient with neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder, which demonstrated progression of both cupping and optic atrophy in the setting of normal intraocular pressure.
False Negatives Are a Significant Feature of Next Generation Sequencing Callsets
Authors: Bobo Dean , Lipatov Mikhail , Rodriguez-Flores Juan L. , Auton Adam , Henn Brenna M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractShort-read, next-generation sequencing (NGS) is now broadly used to identify rare orde novomutations in population samples and disease cohorts. However, NGS data is known to be error-prone and post-processing pipelines have primarily focused on the removal of spurious mutations or “false positives” for downstream genome datasets. Less attention has been paid to characterizing the fraction of missing mutations or “false negatives” (FN). Here we interrogate several publically available human NGS autosomal variant datasets using corresponding Sanger sequencing as a truth-set. We examine both low-coverage Illumina and high-coverage Complete Genomics genomes. We show that the FN rate varies between 3%-18% and that false-positive rates are considerably lower (<3%) for publically available human genome callsets like 1000 Genomes. The FN rate is strongly dependent on calling pipeline parameters, as well as read coverage. Our results demonstrate that missing mutations are a significant feature of genomic datasets and imply additional fine-tuning of bioinformatics pipelines is needed. To address this, we design a phylogeny-aware tool [PhyloFaN] which can be used to quantify the FN rate for haploid genomic experiments, without additional generation of validation data. Using PhyloFaN on ultra-high coverage NGS data from both Illumina HiSeq and Complete Genomics platforms derived from the 1000 Genomes Project, we characterize the false negative rate in human mtDNA genomes. The false negative rate for the publically available mtDNA callsets is 17-20%, even for extremely high coverage haploid data.
Genomic divergence, introduction history and latitudinal adaptation of grass carp
Authors: Wang Le , Shen Yubang , Fu Jianjun , Xu Xiaoyan , Yue Gen Hua , Li Jiale 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic signatures of population differentiation is fundamental to obtain a comprehensive view of the evolutionary process of organisms. Grass carp is one of the most important fish species in the world due to its significant value in aquaculture and world-wide vegetation biocontrol. However, little is known about the contemporary population structure and also the genetic basis of adaptation to a wide range of latitudinal environments. Using 43310 SNPs generated by genotyping by sequencing in 197 grass carps from nine populations, we examined the patterns of population differentiation, historical introduction and evidence of local selection. The overall genetic differentiation across all native populations was unexpectedly low. Nevertheless, these native populations were clearly differentiated into three genetic clusters, corresponding to the Yangtze River, the Pearl River and the Heilongjiang River System, respectively. Populations in Malaysia, India and Nepal, with the earliest introduction records, most likely have an origin from the Pearl River System. Using conceptually different approaches, 451 loci were detected under potential local selection, among which 84 were annotated to have a gene feature. 19.0% of the genes under putative selection were involved in immune responses, while 42.9% of the annotated loci showed a signature of latitudinal variation. This study provides valuable information for application of genomic tools in addressing questions concerning population differentiation that was influenced by both neutral and adaptive forces, as well as human activities.
The fail-safe mechanism of post-transcriptional silencing of unsplicedHAC1mRNA
Authors: Di Santo Rachael , Aboulhouda Soufiane , Weinberg David E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHAC1encodes a transcription factor that is the central effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in budding yeast. When the UPR is inactive,HAC1mRNA is stored as an unspliced isoform in the cytoplasm and no Hac1 protein is detectable. Intron removal is both necessary and sufficient to relieve the post-transcriptional silencing ofHAC1mRNA, yet the precise mechanism by which the intron prevents Hac1 protein accumulation has remained elusive. Here, we show that a combination of inhibited translation initiation and accelerated protein degradation—both dependent on the intron—prevents the accumulation of Hac1 protein when the UPR is inactive. Functionally, both components of this fail-safe silencing mechanism are required to prevent ectopic production of Hac1 protein and concomitant activation of the UPR. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding ofHAC1regulation and reveal a novel strategy for complete post-transcriptional silencing of a cytoplasmic mRNA.
Process reengineering by using the 4PL approach
Authors: Mehmann Jens , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Sectors with high transport volumes face the challenge of reengineering existing processes. Furthermore, new models that support transportation processing are required. One possible model would be a fourth party logistics service provider (4PL) approach in order to increase the efficient use of resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for reengineering a transportation handling process using the 4PL approach.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based upon a case study approach existing processes for transportation handling are modelled. Specifications of and definitions for the 4PL approach are compiled and analysed through a literature review. With the help of expert interviews essential functions are identified and the target model is validated.

Findings
– The results of the effort demonstrate that the application of a 4PL approach facilitates an improved transportation process. This may be due to the modification of the IT and communication technology (ICT) that have been applied. Based upon expanded planning horizons an improved planning of orders, a strengthening of the competencies of the involved actors were observed.

Practical implications
– Transportation handling in the agricultural sector is of increasing importance in light of the need to feed a growing global population under the condition of limited productive land for agriculture. This paper describes the alterations in the ICT infrastructure as well as the resulting organisational and technical implications, if a 4PL is used.

Originality/value
– The 4PL approach is an issue that is increasingly discussed in scientific publications. Furthermore, this approach has experienced new opportunities for implementation due to recent developments in ICT.
What contributes to adaptive company resilience? A conceptual and practical approach
Authors: Menéndez Blanco Juan Manuel , Montes Botella José Luis 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how companies could adapt to challenges derived from globalization, competitiveness and knowledge-based economy through resiliency as organizational property. It delves to into the factors enhancing the termed nurtured, especially those related to human resources and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The research approach is framed within the long run analysis of the internal perspective of resources and business performance (resources-based model) and the theory of complex adaptive systems. According to these approaches, methods and variables for empirically assess company resilience are proposed.

Findings
Main findings indicate a considerable contribution of human resources and innovation to company resilience. Besides, adaptive company resilience requires product diversification and productivity. By strengthening and developing nurtured resilience, a company is equipped to quickly recovering after being adversely affected by a shock, withstand shocks and avoid shocks.

Practical implications
Resilience focus management could be an additional tool for managing the unexpected and also complementary to early warning systems.

Originality/value
This paper regards resilience as an integrated and overall framework for developing company internal capabilities balancing efficiency and adaptability (and does not consider it, merely, as an add-on).
How women and men business owners perceive success
Authors: Kirkwood Jodyanne Jane 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Women and men business owners are often thought to have different success criteria for their businesses, but there is little empirical research to support this. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of self-defined success factors, and to compare women and men’s success criteria.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study surveyed 216 New Zealand business owners’ (78 women, 138 men) self-perceived success criteria for their businesses. Results are based primarily on an open-ended question on their interpretation of what success means to them. In total, 30 main categories of success factors were identified, and the four main factors analyzed in depth.

Findings
– The four most frequently occurring success factors were financial success, personal satisfaction, work-life/work-family balance, and satisfied stakeholders. Women and men business owners described very similar success criteria, which were balanced across financial success and personal and relationship factors. No statistically significant gender differences were found in the incidence of these success factors, suggesting a movement of male business owners to a more holistic view of business success that incorporates financial success, alongside personal and relationship aspects.

Research limitations/implications
– Offers implications for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners. Highlights the need to be careful when designing research studies in multi-faceted areas such as business success, and also in gender comparative studies.

Originality/value
– Uses self-perceived success criteria to assess gender differences.