bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Theoretical Model for Employees’ Intention to Participate in Non-Mandatory Trainings
Authors: Sutha Jayaranjani , Kailasapathy Pavithra , Jayakody J. A. S. K. 
Published: October 2016

<p>The significance of non-mandatory training is presently being acknowledged across the globe and currently its importance has been raised to a level near to that of compulsory training. However, research evidence indicates that if the training is non-mandatory, employees are generally reluctant to participate in training programs. Yet, a study of the current literature suggests there is no appropriate theoretical framework to predict and explain the motivational and inhibitory factors underlying employee participation in non-mandatory training. This paper addresses this lacuna, drawing from the Adult Learning theory, the Expectancy theory and the Perceived Organizational Support (POS) theory; it argues that the perception of a supportive environment in the organization, the fostering of employees’ dispositional characteristics, job involvement and career motivation, working together enhance employees’ intention to participate in the non-mandatory training programs. Building on this argument further, it is proposed that when the perceived benefit of training is stronger, its effect on employee dispositional characteristics, job involvement and career motivation pertaining to participation in non-mandatory training becomes stronger. Being one of the early attempts at theorizing on employees’ intention to participate in non-mandatory training, this paper hopes to provide an appropriate theoretical foundation for the empirical work in this field, while providing an insight for managers involved in non-mandatory training of employees. </p>
Alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Guoli , Yi Tingzhuang , Liu Qianqian , Wang Min , Tang Shaohui 
Published: October 2016

Background
Observational studies have shown inconsistent results regarding alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver. We performed a meta-analysis of published literature to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and fatty liver disease (FLD).

Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases, identifying studies that reported an association between alcohol consumption and the risk of FLD.

Results
A total of 16 studies with 76,608 participants including 13 cross-sectional studies, two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies, and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria. For light to moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC), there was a 22.6% reduction in risk of FLD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.774, 95% confidence interval CI [0.695–0.862], P <0.001), and subgroup analysis showed that a greater reduction in risk of FLD was found in the female drinkers (30.2%) and the drinkers with BMI ≥25 kg/m2(31.3%) compared with the male drinkers (22.6%) and the drinkers with BMI <25 kg/m2(21.3%), respectively. For heavy alcohol consumption, there was no significant influence on risk of FLD (OR = 0.869, 95% CI [0.553–1.364], P = 0.541) in Japanese women, but there was a 33.7% reduction in risk of FLD (OR = 0.663, 95% CI [0.574–0.765], P < 0.001) in Japanese men and a significant increased risk of FLD (OR = 1.785, 95% CI [1.064–2.996], P = 0.028) in Germans.

Conclusion
LMAC is associated with a significant protective effect on FLD in the studied population, especially in the women and obese population. However, the effect of heavy alcohol consumption on FLD remains unclear due to limited studies and small sample sizes.
Controlled Polymerization of Multivinyl Monomers: Formation of Cyclized/Knotted Single‐Chain Polymer Architectures
Authors: Gao Yongsheng , Newland Ben , Zhou Dezhong , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Wang Wenxin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeventy years ago, Flory and Stockmayer predicted that the polymerization of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) would inevitably lead to insoluble cross‐linked gel networks. Since then, the use of MVMs has largely been limited to as cross‐linking agents. More recently, however, polymerization strategies such as reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) have paved the way for the exploration of new possibilities in terms of both polymer architectures and functional capabilities. This Minireview provides historical context to the problem of polymerizing MVMs, before highlighting how RDRP has led to the formation of new cyclized/knotted polymer structures. Although the potential of such cyclized/knot polymer architectures is far from being fulfilled, some emerging applications are discussed.
(R)‐12‐Hydroxystearic Acid Hydrazides as Very Efficient Gelators: Diffusion, Partial Thixotropy, and Self‐Healing in Self‐Standing Gels
Authors: Li Jingjing , Zhang Mohan , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe gelation properties of derivatives of N‐alkylated (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid hydrazide (n‐HSAH, n=0, 2, 6, 10; n is the length of an n‐alkyl chain on the terminal nitrogen atom) in a wide variety of liquids is reported. The n‐HSAH compounds were derived from a naturally occurring alkanoic acid, (R)‐12‐hydroxystearic acid (R‐12HSA), and although they differ from the analogous N‐alkyl (R)‐12‐hydroxystearamides (n‐HSAA) only by the presence of one N−H group, their behavior as gelators is very different. For example, the parent molecule (0‐HSAH) is a supergelator in ethylene glycol, in which it forms self‐standing gels that are self‐healing, partially thixotropic, moldable, and load‐bearing; gels of 0‐HSAA are not self‐standing. 0‐HSAH is structurally the simplest molecular gelator of which we are aware that is capable of forming both self‐standing and partially thixotropic gels. Also, diffusion of the cationic dye erythrosine B and the anionic dye methylene blue in 0‐HSAH/ethylene glycol gel blocks is much slower than the self‐diffusion of ethylene glycol. Polarizing optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR studies revealed that the self‐assembled fibrillar networks (SAFINs) of the gels are crystalline, and that 0‐HSAH molecules may be arranged in a triclinic subcell with bilayer stacking. The SAFINs are stabilized by strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the hydrazide groups of adjacent molecules and a perpendicular hydrogen‐bonding network between the pendent hydroxyl groups of 0‐HSAH. The other n‐HSAH (n=2, 6, 10) molecules appear to be arranged in orthorhombic subcells with monolayers and strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the hydrazide group of one gelator molecule and the hydroxyl group of a neighboring one. These results show how small structural modifications of structurally simple gelator molecules can be exploited to form gels with novel properties that can lead potentially to valuable applications, such as in drug delivery.
Synthesis of Half‐Sphere/Half‐Funnel‐Shaped Silica Structures by Reagent Localization and the Role of Water in Shape Control
Authors: Datskos Panos , Polizos Georgios , Cullen David A. , Bhandari Mahabir , Sharma Jaswinder 
Published: October 2016

AbstractShape control of silica structures is demonstrated by localization of the reagents. A uniform dispersion of reagents provided straight silica rods, whereas localization of the reagents in the emulsion droplet periphery provided a new type of half‐sphere/half‐funnel structure. The effect of water concentration appeared to be related to the ease of diffusion of the silica precursor inside the emulsion droplet (i.e., the higher the water concentration, the lower the silica precursor diffusion).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component Reactions of N‐Tosylhydrazones, 2‐Iodoanilines and CO2 towards 4‐Aryl‐2‐Quinolinones
Authors: Sun Song , Hu Wei‐Ming , Gu Ning , Cheng Jiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed three‐component reaction between N‐tosylhydrazones, 2‐iodoanilines and atmospheric pressure CO2 was developed whereby a tandem carbene migration insertion/lactamization strategy afforded 4‐aryl‐2‐quinolinones in moderate to good yields. Notably, a wide range of functional groups were tolerated in this procedure. This protocol features the simultaneous formation of four novel bonds; two C−C, one C=C and one C−N (amide), representing an efficient methodology for incorporation of CO2 into heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Free TBHP‐Promoted Intramolecular Carbonylation of Arenes via Radical Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: Synthesis of Indenoquinolinones, 4‐Azafluorenones and Fluorenones.
Authors: Mishra Kalpana , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Singh Jay Bahadur , Singh Radhey M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA tBuOOH‐promoted cyclization of aromatic ortho‐phenyl aldehydes gives the title compounds in high yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Position‐Selective C—H Perfluoroalkylation and Perfluoroarylation of Six‐Membered Heteroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Nagase Masahiro , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Kanai Motomu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPerfluoroalkylation of six‐membered N‐heterocycles proceeds regioselectively at the position para to the ring‐nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations by Imidate Assistance with Aryl and Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA catalytic system comprising inexpensive Co(acac)2 and an NHC ligand (ICy) enables versatile and regioselective C—H arylations by oxazoline assistance.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Mediated Redox Condensation of Alcohols.
Authors: Kato Terumasa , Matsuoka Shin‐ichi , Suzuki Masato 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMitsunobu‐type coupling reactions of alcohols with phenols, carboxylic acids, and phthalimide are promoted by N‐heterocyclic carbenes as reducing agents in the presence of appropriate oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorination of α‐Oxoketenedithioacetals: One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐α‐oxoketenedithioacetals.
Authors: Charanraj T. P. , Ramachandra P. , Ramesh N. , Junjappa H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe dithioacetals (IV) are prepared by two routes.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Functionalization/Carbenoid Insertion: All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers via Multiple C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Gutierrez‐Bonet Alvaro , Julia‐Hernandez Francisco , de Luis Beatriz , Martin Ruben 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA mild and robust Pd‐catalyzed tandem C(sp3)‐H functionalization/carbenoid insertion process is developed to convert ortho‐brominated alkylbenzenes to 1,1,3,3,‐tetrasubstituted indans with a variety of diazo compounds as coupling partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Thiolated Spiro‐γ‐lactam Oxindoles Bearing Three Stereocenters.
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Miao , Pham Kenny , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yi Wen‐Bin , Jasinski Jerry P. , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first asymmetric synthesis of spiro‐γ‐lactam oxindoles via a thiol‐Michael/Mannich/lactamization sequence is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free and Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes and 2‐Amino‐4,5‐dihydrothiophenes from 4‐Thiazolidinones in Water.
Authors: Zeng Fanxun , Liu Pengjian , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong , Xu Xiaoyong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThiazolidinones are selectively converted into thiophene or dihydrothiophenes upon treatment with NaBH4 and KBH4, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to Construct Benzisothiazol‐3(2H)‐ones via Copper‐Catalyzed Consecutive Reaction of 2‐Halobenzamides and Carbon Disulfide.
Authors: Li Ting , Yang Lei , Ni Kaidong , Shi Zhenyu , Li Fei , Chen Dongyin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA cyclization of ortho‐halobenzamides and carbon disulfide affords benzisothiazolones via a consecutive process involving S—C and S—N bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)—Y Zeolite Catalyzed N‐Sulfonylketenimine Mediated Annulation of Hydroxynaphthoquinones: Syntheses of Naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2,5‐diones and Benzo[de]chromene‐2,6‐diones.
Authors: Ramanathan Devenderan , Namitharan Kayambu , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotochemical properties as well as the anticarcinocenic activity of some products are examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative β‐Benzylation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines with Aryl Aldehydes: Access to Functionalized Quinolines.
Authors: Tan Zhenda , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe step and atom‐economic reaction uses oxygen as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Weinstein Adam B. , Ellman Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStarting from directing group‐substituted arenes and electrophilic olefin coupling partners a strategy towards the preparation of bi or tricyclic products is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselection in Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions of 2‐Cyano‐1‐azadienes: Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Synthesis.
Authors: Tay Gidget C. , Sizemore Nicholas , Rychnovsky Scott D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe diastereoselection of the title reaction is further examined by computational calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclization of 2‐Pyridylesters and Chalcones: Metal‐Free Approach for the Synthesis of Substituted Indolizines.
Authors: Reddy N. Naresh Kumar , Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy , Ravi Chitrakar , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe title reaction allows the synthesis of a wide range of substituted indolizines.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Silver Synergistic Catalysis in Direct Aerobic Carbonylation of C(sp2)‐H Bonds Using DMF as a Carbon Source: Synthesis of Pyrido‐Fused Quinazolinones and Phenanthridinones.
Authors: Nageswar Rao D. , Rasheed Sk. , Das Parthasarathi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe reaction has a good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Catalyzed Borylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Atack Thomas C. , Cook Silas P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA mild and convenient synthesis of alkyl bispinacolato esters is developed using primary, secondary and even tertiary alkyl halides in the presence of MnBr2 and TMEDA as low cost catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Base‐Catalyzed Diboration of Alkynes Using the Unsymmetrical Diborane(4), pinB‐BMes2.
Authors: Kojima Chiemi , Lee Ka‐Ho , Lin Zhenyang , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe catalyst‐free diboration of terminal alkynes affords two regioisomeric diborylalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Base‐Catalyzed Double Addition of H‐Phosphine Oxides to Alkynes.
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Saga Yuta , Sato Yuki , Ogawa Akiya , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReaction conditions are developed for the 1,2‐double addition of H‐phosphine oxides to terminal alkynes using LiOtBu as convenient catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: New Lycopodine‐Type Alkaloids from Lycopodium carinatum.
Authors: Kogure Noriyuki , Maruyama Moe , Wongseripipatana Sumphan , Kitajima Mariko , Takayama Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe structures of revised lycocarinatine A (II) as well as lycocarinatine B (I), C (IIIa), D (IVa), E (IVb) and F (IIIb) are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Undesirable Anode Lithium Plating Issues in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Du Chunyu , Shen Bin , Zuo Pengjian , Cheng Xinqun , Ma Yulin , Yin Geping , Gao Yunzhi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReview: 196 refs.
Introducing Glycolinkers for the Functionalization of Cytotoxic Drugs and Applications in Antibody–Drug Conjugation Chemistry
Authors: Ekholm Filip S. , Pynnönen Henna , Vilkman Anja , Pitkänen Virve , Helin Jari , Saarinen Juhani , Satomaa Tero 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising alternatives to naked antibodies for selective drug‐delivery applications and treatment of diseases such as cancer. Construction of ADCs relies upon site‐selective, efficient and mild conjugation technologies. The choice of a chemical linker is especially important, as it affects the overall properties of the ADC. We envisioned that hydrophilic bifunctional chemical linkers based on carbohydrates would be a useful class of derivatization agents for the construction of linker–drug conjugates and ADCs. Herein we describe the synthesis of carbohydrate‐based derivatization agents, glycolinker–drug conjugates featuring the tubulin inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E and an ADC based on an anti‐EGFR antibody. In addition, an initial in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of the individual components and the ADC is provided against EGFR‐positive cancer cells.
Family caregivers' level of mastery predicts survival of patients with glioblastoma: A preliminary report
Authors: Boele Florien W. , Given Charles W. , Given Barbara A. , Donovan Heidi S. , Schulz Richard , Weimer Jason M. , Drappatz Jan , Lieberman Frank S. , Sherwood Paula R. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis, and patients rely heavily on family caregivers for physical and emotional support. The capability and mental health of family caregivers may influence their ability to provide care and affect patient outcomes. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether caregivers' anxiety, depressive symptoms, burden, and mastery influenced survival in a sample of patients newly diagnosed with GBM.METHODSBaseline data from caregiver‐patient dyads participating in a longitudinal study funded by the National Institutes of Health were used. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine whether caregiver anxiety (Profile of Mood States‐Anxiety), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale), burden (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), and feelings of mastery (Mastery Scale) predicted the survival time of patients with GBM after controlling for known covariates (patient age, Karnofsky performance status, type of surgery, and postsurgical treatment).RESULTSA total of 88 caregiver‐patient dyads were included. The median overall survival for the sample was 14.5 months (range, 0‐88 months). After controlling for covariates, caregiver mastery was found to be predictive of patient survival. With each unit increase in mastery, there was a 16.1% risk reduction in patient death (95% confidence interval, 0.771‐0.913; P<.001).CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the results of the current study are among the first to explore the impact of family caregiving on the outcomes of patients with GBM. If these results are supported in other studies, providing neuro‐oncology caregivers with more structured support and guidance in clinical practice has the potential to improve caregivers' feelings of mastery, thereby influencing patients' well‐being for the better. Cancer 2017;123:832–40. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Winter conditions influence biological responses of migrating hummingbirds
Authors: Graham Catherine H. , Supp Sarah R. , Powers Donald R. , Beck Pieter , Lim Marisa C. W. , Shankar Anusha , Cormier Tina , Goetz Scott , Wethington Susan M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConserving biological diversity given ongoing environmental changes requires the knowledge of how organisms respond biologically to these changes; however, we rarely have this information. This data deficiency can be addressed with coordinated monitoring programs that provide field data across temporal and spatial scales and with process‐based models, which provide a method for predicting how species, in particular migrating species that face different conditions across their range, will respond to climate change. We evaluate whether environmental conditions in the wintering grounds of broad‐tailed hummingbirds influence physiological and behavioral attributes of their migration. To quantify winter ground conditions, we used operative temperature as a proxy for physiological constraint, and precipitation and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as surrogates of resource availability. We measured four biological response variables: molt stage, timing of arrival at stopover sites, body mass, and fat. Consistent with our predictions, we found that birds migrating north were in earlier stages of molt and arrived at stopover sites later when NDVI was low. These results indicate that wintering conditions impact the timing and condition of birds as they migrate north. In addition, our results suggest that biologically informed environmental surrogates provide a valuable tool for predicting how climate variability across years influences the animal populations.
A composite model for accurate colorimetric characterization of liquid crystal displays
Authors: Zhang Jian‐qing , Cai Fang , Liu Zhen , Wu Guang‐yuan , Zhu Ming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a composite color‐characterization model for Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), considering channel dependence and poor chromaticity constancy of primaries. The proposed model consists of two parts, that is, the Piecewise Linear assuming Variation in Chromaticity (PLVC) model and a partition compensation error model. PLVC model can accurately predict CIEXYZ for primaries and calculate the CIEXYZ of any digital input values (dr, dg, db) based on the channel independence assumption. In addition, the prediction error of PLVC model is compensated in RGB subspace using the partition compensation error model. The color difference Δ
was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The result of this experiment shows that PLVC model performs well for LCDs with channel independence and poor chromaticity constancy of primaries, compared with other characterization models. For channel dependence and poor chromaticity constancy LCDs, our result shows that proposed composite color‐characterization model also has better prediction accuracy than all other tested models. In this study, measurements were conducted in ambient light environment, and the experiment results consist with practical applications.
Multifunctional Surface Modification: Facile and Flexible Reactivity toward a Precisely Controlled Biointerface
Authors: Yuan Ruei‐Hung , Wu Chih‐Yu , Tung Hsing‐Ying , Hsieh Hung‐Pin , Li Yi‐Jye , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Chen Hsien‐Yeh 
Published: October 2016

A multicomponent functional polymer is synthesized to support specific reactivity for successful conjugation with the vast array of functionality present in biological systems and the flexibility to conjugate biomolecules without requiring additional modification to install a terminal functional group. The multifunctional surface is realized using a novel coating composed of distinct N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester and benzoyl functionalities, which can provide accessibility to both the NHS ester‐amine coupling reaction and the photochemically induced benzophenone crosslinking reaction, respectively. In addition, the multifunctional polymer is fabricated and transformed to form nanoscale colloids through the solvent displacement of a water/DMF system due to solubility characteristics of the resulting polymer with high polarity. A facile and efficient fabrication approach using the multifunctional nanocolloid is thus demonstrated to create a drug carrier by installing paclitaxel and folic acid for targeted cancer therapy.
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