bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How included are mental health service users in decisions about their medication?
Authors: Holttum Sue 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider four recent articles relating to how included service users are in decision making about their medication in mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach
– One article describes conversations between a psychiatrist and service users about medication. The second paper describes a study in which young people were supported with the aim of developing their confidence to challenge medication decisions. The third paper reports on interviews with both professionals and service users about medication decisions. The fourth paper presents a theory of how the wider context can affect medication decision making in mental health.

Findings
– The first paper shows how a psychiatrist can persuade service users to accept medication decisions. The second paper shows how some young people can challenge medication decisions if they have the right support. The third paper illustrates how both professionals and service users may doubt service users’ ability to decide about medication, and pessimistically suggests that shared decision making may be unrealistic. In contrast to this, the fourth paper offers hope of changing how mental health services are organised in order to enable service users to be more empowered about medication decisions.

Originality/value
– A model of shared decision making is being imported into mental health from physical health. These four papers illustrate problems with a simple transfer from physical to mental health. The present paper points to differences in apparent awareness of different clinical researchers of the need to tackle service users’ disempowerment in mental health care, showing how some researchers are tackling this.
Teaching the reference interview through practice-based assignments
Authors: Saunders Laura 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore the effectiveness and learning outcomes of two reference interview assignments – one in which students worked with a family member or friend and a “practice-based” assignment in which students were paired with other graduate students working on a class assignment.

Design/methodology/approach
Students completed reflective essay and submitted a survey rating their perceptions of their patrons’ satisfaction, completeness of the answer and overall success of the transaction.

Findings
Students in both classes were successful and applied the skills and competencies of the reference interview, but students with the practice-based assignment had a more realistic experience and were somewhat less confident about their performance.

Practical implications
The study offers some implications and suggestions for a more effective and realistic approach to teaching the reference interview.

Originality/value
There is a lack of literature on how to teach the reference interview and on the effectiveness of different types of assignments. This study addresses that gap and the results of this study will be of interest to Library and Information Science faculty, as well as library directors and reference managers who might offer training to staff.
Impact of web-scale discovery on reference inquiry
Authors: Copenhaver Kimberly , Koclanes Alyssa 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine shifts in the volume and complexity of reference questions received at a small liberal arts college following the implementation of a Web-scale discovery service.Design/methodology/approachResearchers used the Warner model of reference classification to review and classify reference questions from the academic year prior to the implementation of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) and the academic year following EDS implementation to evaluate the change in volume of questions and complexity.FindingsResearch findings are significant as they document a 34 per cent decline in overall volume of reference activity following the integration of a Web-scale discovery service into the research process. Notably, the question category rated as the highest level of reference complexity (level IV) registered an 18.5 per cent increase in volume, post-EDS implementation. Question levels I-III all saw declines in volume ranging from 45 to 14 per cent.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study relate to multiple librarians having recorded questions as they were received by reference services and, as a result, some variation in transaction description should be expected. The concurrent deployment of a Web-scale discovery service and an integrated link resolver made delineation of the respective impact of each tool difficult.Practical implicationsLibraries contemplating the integration of a Web-scale discovery service into the research process will be able to use the research analysis to contemplate service redesign in advance of discovery implementation. The research results support additional training of reference personnel to service higher levels of in-depth inquiries. A redesign of reference services incorporating a tiered reference model using proactive chat with referrals to library faculty for in-depth research consultations is recommended.Originality/valueAfter a literature review of relevant research, the researchers discovered few similar studies. As a result, this analysis will be of significant value to the library profession.
Adaptation to heat stress reduces phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in a marine copepod
Authors: Kelly Morgan W. , Pankey M. Sabrina , DeBiasse Melissa B. , Plachetzki David C. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Organisms may respond to changing environments through phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution. These two processes are not mutually exclusive and may either dampen or strengthen each other's effects, depending on the genetic correlation between trait values and the slopes of their norms of reaction.

To examine the effect of adaptation to heat stress on the plasticity of heat tolerance, we hybridized populations of the crustacean Tigriopus californicus that show divergent phenotypes for heat tolerance. We then selected for increased heat tolerance in hybrids and measured heat tolerance and the phenotypic plasticity of heat tolerance in both selected lines and unselected controls.

To test whether the changes in phenotypic plasticity were associated with changes in the plasticity of gene expression, we also sequenced transcriptomes of selected and unselected lines, both under heat shock and at ambient temperatures.

We observed increased heat tolerance in selected lines, but also lower phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in response to heat stress. The plastic response to heat stress was highly enriched for hydrolytic and catalytic activities, suggesting a prominent role for degradation of misfolded proteins.

Our findings have important implications for biological responses to climate change: if adaptation to environmental stress reduces plasticity, then plasticity and adaptive evolution will make overlapping, rather than additive contributions to buffering populations from environmental change.
Noise from a phantom road experiment alters the age structure of a community of migrating birds
Authors: McClure C. J. W. , Ware H. E. , Carlisle J. D. , Barber J. R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral past studies have demonstrated the effects of anthropogenic noise on populations of animals. Yet, differing effects of noise by age and subsequent changes in the age structure of populations are poorly understood. We experimentally tested the effects of traffic noise alone on the age structure of a community of migrating birds at a fall stopover site in south‐western Idaho using an array of speakers – creating a phantom road – that replicated the sound of a roadway without other confounding aspects of roads. Both hatch‐year and adult birds were negatively affected by noise – having lower capture rates, lower body condition and lower stopover efficiency along the phantom road when the noise was on compared to control conditions. However, hatch‐year birds responded more strongly which lead to a significant shift in the ratio of hatch‐year to adult birds under noisy conditions. Our previous work using the phantom road demonstrated that traffic noise can degrade the quality of a stopover site by affecting the ability of migrating birds to gain body condition. Here, we demonstrate differences between age classes such that although noise degrades habitat for both hatch‐year and adult migrants, there are still differences in responses to noise between age groups. Despite alternative explanations of our results such as changes in behavior affecting capture likelihood, evidence suggests that younger birds avoided the phantom road more than adult birds perhaps because of different tradeoffs between foraging and predation risk and differing strategies of site selection during migration.
Promising effects of oxytocin on social and food‐related behaviour in young children with Prader–Willi syndrome: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled crossover trial
Authors: Kuppens R.J. , Donze S.H. , Hokken‐Koelega A.C.S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is known for hyperphagia with impaired satiety and a specific behavioural phenotype with stubbornness, temper tantrums, manipulative and controlling behaviour and obsessive–compulsive features. PWS is associated with hypothalamic and oxytocinergic dysfunction. In humans without PWS, intranasal oxytocin administration had positive effects on social and eating behaviour, and weight balance.Objective and hypothesesTo evaluate the effects of intranasal oxytocin compared to placebo administration on social behaviour and hyperphagia in children with PWS.DesignRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in a PWS Reference Center in the Netherlands.MethodCrossover intervention with twice daily intranasal oxytocin (dose range 24‐48 IU/day) and placebo administration, both during 4 weeks, in 25 children with PWS (aged 6 to 14 years).ResultsIn the total group, no significant effects of oxytocin on social behaviour or hyperphagia were found, but in the 17 children younger than 11 years, parents reported significantly less anger (P = 0·001), sadness (P = 0·005), conflicts (P = 0·010) and food‐related behaviour (P = 0·011), and improvement of social behaviour (P = 0·018) during oxytocin treatment compared with placebo. In the eight children older than 11 years, the items happiness (P = 0·039), anger (P = 0·042) and sadness (P = 0·042) were negatively influenced by oxytocin treatment compared to placebo. There were no side effects or adverse events.ConclusionsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study suggests that intranasal oxytocin administration has beneficial effects on social behaviour and food‐related behaviour in children with PWS younger than 11 years of age, but not in those older than 11 years of age.
Advanced oxidation protein products induce apoptosis of human chondrocyte through reactive oxygen species‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways
Authors: Ye Wenbin , Zhu Siyuan , Liao Congrui , Xiao Jun , Wu Qian , Lin Zhen , Chen Jianting 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAdvanced oxidation production products (AOPPs) have been confirmed to accumulate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous study demonstrated that AOPPs could accelerate cartilage destruction in rabbit arthritis model. However, the effect of AOPP stimulation on apoptosis of human chondrocyte and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. This study demonstrated that exposure of chondrocyte to AOPPs resulted in cell apoptosis. AOPP stimulation triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) resulted in caspase activation. Furthermore, an antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine, markedly blocked these signals. Our study demonstrated that AOPPs induce apoptosis via ROS‐related mitochondria‐ and ER‐dependent signals in human chondrocyte. Targeting AOPP‐triggered ROS generation might be as a promising option for patients with RA.
MTHFR and ACE Polymorphisms Do Not Increase Susceptibility to Migraine Neither Alone Nor in Combination
Authors: Essmeister Rafaela , Kress Hans‐Georg , Zierz Stephan , Griffith Lyn , Lea Rod , Wieser Thomas 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to confirm previous reports in order to substantiate the hypothesis that functional variants of two genes, namely methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and angiotensin I converting enzyme, both involved in an important pathway of migraine, increase migraine susceptibility when present in combination.BackgroundMigraine is a complex genetic disease. The migraine attack is thought to be the result of an interaction of neuronal and vascular events, possibly originating in the brainstem leading to activation of the pain processing trigeminovascular system. Functional variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate gene and the angiotensin I converting enzyme have influence on vascular mechanism and have been investigated intensively in migraine. The published results were inconsistent; however, both polymorphisms in combination have been shown to increase migraine susceptibility.MethodsIn this genetic association study, the prevalence of the functionally relevant polymorphisms C677T in the MTHFR gene and I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene was compared in 420 patients with migraine vs 258 migraine‐free controls using a chi‐square statistic and binary logistic regression.ResultsSusceptibility to any type of migraine (migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and both types combined) was neither increased by each polymorphism on its own, nor in combination (MTHFR: X2 = 0.18 [P = .91]; ACE: X2 = 1.62 [P = .45]; combined: OR = 1.02 [95% CI 0.98‐1.05] P = .97).ConclusionsWe could not replicate a previous study that showed significant increase in migraine susceptibility for two functional polymorphisms in genes affecting relevant pathways.
From ZikV genome to vaccine: in silico approach for the epitope‐based peptide vaccine against Zika virus envelope glycoprotein
Authors: Alam Aftab , Ali Shahnawaz , Ahamad Shahzaib , Malik Md. Zubbair , Ishrat Romana 
Published: August 2016

SummaryZika virus (ZikV) has emerged as a potential threat to human health worldwide. A member of the Flaviviridae, ZikV is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It is related to other pathogenic vector‐borne flaviviruses including dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses, but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans. As a result of its epidemic outbreak and the lack of potential medication, there is a need for improved vaccine/drugs. Computational techniques will provide further information about this virus. Comparative analysis of ZikV genomes should lead to the identification of the core characteristics that define a virus family, as well as its unique properties, while phylogenetic analysis will show the evolutionary relationships and provide clues about the protein's ancestry. Envelope glycoprotein of ZikV was obtained from a protein database and the most immunogenic epitope for T cells and B cells involved in cell‐mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity. We mainly focused on MHC class I potential peptides. YRIMLSVHG, VLIFLSTAV and MMLELDPPF, GLDFSDLYY are the most potent peptides predicted as epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, whereas MMLELDPPF and GLDFSDLYY had the highest pMHC‐I immunogenicity score and these are further tested for interaction against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques to verify the binding cleft epitope. However, this is an introductory approach to design an epitope‐based peptide vaccine against ZikV; we hope that this model will be helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidates.
Low‐Temperature Rapid Synthesis of Rod‐Like ZrB2 Powders by Molten‐Salt and Microwave Co‐Assisted Carbothermal Reduction
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Huang Zhong , Huo Chaoge , Li Faliang , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: August 2016

A novel molten‐salt and microwave coassisted carbothermal reduction (termed as MSM‐CTR) method was developed to prepare ZrB2 powders from raw materials of ZrO2, B4C, and amorphous carbon. The results indicated that the carbothermal reduction reaction for synthesizing ZrB2 was initiated at the temperature as low as 1150°C, and phase pure ZrB2 powders were obtained after only 20 min at 1200°C, which were significantly milder than that of the conventional CTR method as well as the modified CTR method even using active metal as additional reducing agents. More interestingly, the as‐obtained ZrB2 powders consisted of well‐defined single‐crystalline nanorods, which had diameters of 40–80 nm and high aspect ratios of >10. These results demonstrated that the MSM‐CTR is a simple and efficient route for preparation of high‐quality ZrB2 powders.
Contemporary methodological issues in drug development: the functionality of blinding is poorly studied
Authors: Bello Segun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBlinding is an important methodological principle in drug development. This article reviews the functionality of blinding within the context of bias minimizing structures of randomized clinical trials. Blinding is not well understood and not well studied. The risk of bias domain ‘blinding’ is commonly assumed to be ‘low‐risk’ whenever readers come across randomized clinical trials labeled as ‘blinded’. However, empirical evidence has shown that this assumption cannot be taken for granted. The functionality of blinding techniques in preventing bias requires further studies.
Longitudinal bone growth is impaired by direct involvement of caffeine with chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate
Authors: Choi Hyeonhae , Choi Yuri , Kim Jisook , Bae Jaeman , Roh Jaesook 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe showed previously that caffeine adversely affects longitudinal bone growth and disrupts the histomorphometry of the growth plate during the pubertal growth spurt. However, little attention has been paid to the direct effects of caffeine on chondrocytes. Here, we investigated the direct effects of caffeine on chondrocytes of the growth plate in vivo and in vitro using a rapidly growing young rat model, and determined whether they were related to the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. A total of 15 male rats (21 days old) were divided randomly into three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine via gavage with 120 and 180 mg kg−1 day−1 for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, the tibia processed for the analysis of the long bone growth and proliferation of chondrocytes using tetracycline and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Caffeine‐fed animals showed decreases in matrix mineralization and proliferation rate of growth plate chondrocytes compared with the control. To evaluate whether caffeine directly affects chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation, primary rat chondrocytes were isolated from the growth plates and cultured in either the presence or absence of caffeine at concentrations of 0.1–1 mm, followed by determination of the cellular proliferation or expression profiles of cellular differentiation markers. Caffeine caused significant decreases in extracellular matrix production, mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase activity, accompanied with decreases in gene expression of the cartilage‐specific matrix proteins such as aggrecan, type II collagen and type X. Our results clearly demonstrate that caffeine is capable of interfering with cartilage induction by directly inhibiting the synthetic activity and orderly expression of marker genes relevant to chondrocyte maturation. In addition, we found that the adenosine type 1 receptor signaling pathway may be partly involved in the detrimental effects of caffeine on chondrogenic differentiation, specifically matrix production and mineralization, as evidenced by attenuation of the inhibitory effects of caffeine by blockade of this receptor. Thus, our study provides novel information on the integration of caffeine and adenosine receptor signaling during chondrocyte maturation, extending our understanding of the effect of caffeine at a cellular level on chondrocytes of the growth plate.
Violence and depression in a community sample
Authors: Montesó‐Curto Pilar , Aguilar Carina , Lejeune Marylène , Casadó‐Marin Lina , Casanova Garrigós Georgina , Ferré‐Grau Carme 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo understand the relation between the experience of violence and sociodemographic and clinical factors, and to determine whether diagnosed depression and the presence of anxiety and stress are related to having experienced workplace and domestic violence in different genders and age groups.BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that domestic and workplace violence increase the risk of suffering from depression. However, no studies have evaluated these two types of violence in a same cohort.Design and methodsWe designed a descriptive cross‐sectional study from 317 individuals randomly selected from the population in southern Catalonia (Spain). Sociodemographic and Goldberg anxiety–depression questionnaires were administered by telephone survey to 160 men and 157 women in December 2008. The data obtained were analysed by a logistic regression model.ResultsA quarter of the individuals had suffered from violence: 48·29% of them had experienced domestic violence and 32·9% had experienced workplace violence. Nearly half of the individuals with depression had experienced violence. No statistical difference has been observed between domestic and workplace violence regarding diagnosed depression. Women were twice as likely as men to have suffered from violence. People working outside their home and those who claimed to have no social support had a greater risk of suffering from violence. A greater consumption of medication, above all of psychotropic drugs, is associated with experiencing violence and with greater comorbidity. Predictive factors for suffering from depression are being women, having experienced violence, having suffered stress or anxiety, having little or no social support, having overload of task or having no secondary education and no tertiary education.ConclusionsThis study suggests that when considering depression, anxiety and stress, especially in women, we must take into account whether an individual has suffered violence.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying violence can help health professionals, managers and researchers improve care and reduce suffering in families and communities.