bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCIONALIDADE ECOLÓGICA DA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS NO BIOMA MATA ATLÂNTICA, RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Altivo Felipe de Souza , Piña Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Marquéz 
Published: April 2017

A funcionalidade ecológica de uma área restaurada está associada ao retornode processos como a ciclagem de nutrientes, aporte e estabelecimento denovos propágulos, os quais podem ser promovidos pela escolha adequadade espécies e pela promoção da diversidade funcional e de espécies. Em umarestauração de 50 ha situada no Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas avaliações aos5 e aos 20 meses após o plantio, visando avaliar o estabelecimento de processosecológicos na restauração assim como identificar indicadores representativosdas alterações observadas. Para tanto, em 23 parcelas (25 x 4 m) foi empregadoum conjunto de indicadores de: (a) estrutura – área basal (AB) [ΣAB e AB/m²],altura média dos indivíduos e densidade (nº de indivíduos/ha); (b) diversidadeda comunidade – índices de diversidade de Shannon (H´) e de equitabilidade (J´)e riqueza de espécies (S=número de espécies); (c) função ecológica - presençade espécies de diferentes grupos funcionais (% de zoocóricas, pioneiras efixadoras de N2) e; (d) contexto da paisagem – cobertura de gramíneas (% decobertura do solo com gramíneas e com as projeções das copas no solo e% de regenerantes). As diferenças entre os anos para os indicadores foramavaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Para determinar quais indicadoresinfluenciaram nos resultados obtidos, foi efetuada a análise de componentesprincipais (PCA) pelo método de médias aritméticas não ponderadas(UPGMA) com 15 indicadores x idade. Do total de 88 espécies observadas nos2 períodos, 15 delas foram dominantes, com 51,1% dos indivíduos plantados.Nesse grupo, 8 tiveram taxas de mortalidade dos indivíduos superioresa 70%. Sugere-se que o plantio dessas espécies em alta densidade podecausar um processo de abertura de clareiras ao longo do tempo, facilitando orestabelecimento de gramíneas invasoras. Os indicadores mais eficientes paraavaliação das áreas foram: densidade, diversidade, equitabilidade (H´ e J) ecobertura de copa. Entre 5 e 20 meses de idade, houve redução significativada riqueza, sendo maior para famílias do que para espécies. Contudo,os indicadores de funções ecológicas não variaram entre as idades, apesar daredução na diversidade, mostrando que houve redundância funcional entrediferentes espécies.
Hybrid Measurement Models for Technology-Enhanced Assessments Through mIRT-bayes
Authors: Scalise Kathleen 
Published: April 2017

Technology-enhanced assessments (TEAs) are rapidly emerging in educational measurement. In contexts such as simulation and gaming, a common challenge is handling complex streams of information, for which new statistical innovations are needed that can provide high quality proficiency estimates for the psychometrics of complex TEAs. Often in educational assessments with formal measurement models, latent variable models such as item response theory (IRT) are used to generate proficiency estimates from evidence elicited. Such robust techniques have become a foundation of educational assessment, when models fit. Another less common approach to compile evidence is through Bayesian networks, which represent a set of random variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph. Network approaches can be much more flexibly designed for complex assessment tasks and are often preferred by task developers, for technology-enhanced settings. However, the Bayesian network-based statistical models often are difficult to validate and to gauge the stability and accuracy, since the models make assumptions regarding conditional dependencies that are difficult to test. Here a new measurement model family, mIRT-bayes, is proposed to gain advantages of both latent variable models and network techniques combined through hybridization. Specifically, the technique described here embeds small Bayesian networks within an overarching multidimensional IRT model (mIRT), preserving the flexibility for task design while retaining the robust statistical properties of latent variable methods. Applied to simulation-based data from Harvard's Virtual Performance Assessments (VPA), the results of the new model show acceptable fit for the overarching mIRT model, along with reduction of the standard error of measurement through the embedded Bayesian networks, compared to use of mIRT alone. Overall for respondents, a finer grain-size of inference is made possible without additiona testing time or scoring resources, showing potentially promise for this family of new hybrid models.
Linear Contrasts Based on an Extension of the Wilcoxon--Mann--Whitney Approach
Authors: Wilcox Rand R 
Published: April 2017

A well-known approach to comparing two independent groups is to focus on the probability that a randomly sampled observation from the first group is less than a randomly sampled observation from the second group. The paper suggests a generalization that can be used with any linear contrast based on J>2 independent groups. Roughly, the proposed measure of effect size reflects the probability that among 2K random variables, the typical average associated with first K variables is less than the typical average among the other K variables. In effect, it represents a relatively simple measure of effect size that might be used to supplement other measures of effect size when dealing with two-way and higher designs.
Former à quelle activité socioculturelle ?
Authors: Buysse Alexandre A.J. 
Published: April 2017

Nous examinons la formation à l’enseignement en tant que formation à des activités socioculturelles. Nous exposons en quoi la formation peut se décomposer comme étant la participation à trois activités distinctes : l’activité académique, l’activité d’enseignement et l’activité réflexive. Chacune des trois activités est porteuse d’une forme socioculturelle et dispose de particularités dans sa transmission. L’étudiant intériorise ainsi trois formations différentes et trois manières différentes de penser et d’élaborer du savoir. Après avoir décrit le cadre théorique qui permet de circonscrire une forme socioculturelle et son lien avec l’activité, nous décrivons les modes de transmission et les trois activités étudiées. Finalement, nous dégageons des propositions quant à la formation des enseignants.
Influences et trajectoire professionnelle : de l’enfance à l’entrée à la RTF (1928-1952)
Authors: Pierre Sylvie 
Published: April 2017

Diplômé de l’IDHEC, Jean-Christophe Averty a entamé sa carrière à la Radiodiffusion-télévision française (RTF) en 1952. Ses réalisations couvrent plusieurs genres (documentaires, variétés, dramatiques), dans lesquels il se distingue par une recherche graphique et narrative sans précédent. Il est aujourd’hui connu comme celui qui est à l’origine de l’art télévisuel, c’est-à-dire de l’écriture par l’image. Apporter un éclairage sur l’influence de la période précédant son entrée à la télévision comme facteur explicatif de ses choix esthétiques constitue le sujet de cet article, qui s’appuie sur une série d’entretiens menés avec lui de 2011 à 2014. Il s’agit ici de présenter les hommes auprès desquels il a oeuvré, ainsi que les courants littéraires et artistiques qui l’ont influencé, afin de reconstituer le cheminement personnel et professionnel au cours duquel se forgeront les idées et les orientations qui marqueront sa carrière à la télévision.
Le jazz à la télévision française dans les années 1950 : du didactisme des premières représentations aux expérimentations de Jean-Christophe Averty
Authors: Mouëllic Gilles 
Published: April 2017

Très présent à la radio et dans la presse françaises après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le jazz va conquérir peu à peu la télévision à partir de 1955. À la recherche du jazz, première série régulière sur le sujet, créée par Maurice Blettery et réalisée, pour l’écrasante majorité des émissions, par Jean-Christophe Averty, révèle une tension entre deux ambitions didactiques : l’une qui fait du jazz un prétexte pour aborder des « sujets de société », l’autre qui marque une volonté d’étudier la musique pour elle-même et d’affirmer le jazz comme témoignage d’un nouvel équilibre entre le « savant » et le « populaire ». Alors que les premières émissions sont construites autour d’une succession souvent maladroite d’extraits de longs métrages et de discours d’experts reconnus, Averty s’émancipe progressivement des contraintes éditoriales de la série pour mettre en images la musique et explorer les moyens propres à la télévision. À partir de la fin de la décennie, il prend en charge de nouvelles émissions, dont Modern Jazz at Studio 4, dans lesquelles il privilégie la performance des musiciens et fait du jazz un terrain d’expérimentation idéal pour inventer un univers plastique que l’on peut qualifier, bien avant les oeuvres de Nam June Paik, d’art vidéo.
Prevalência de aloimunização eritrocitária em pacientes portadores de anemia falciforme
Authors: Vizzoni Alexandre Gomes , Moreira Heladya Maria Matos 
Published: April 2017

Embora as transfusões de concentrado de hemácias sejam importantes para o tratamento de pacientes com anemia falciforme, elas acarretam riscos imunológicos tais como a aloimunização a antígenos eritrocitários. Aproximadamente 50% dos pacientes de anemia falciforme recebem transfusões no decorrer da vida, e entre 5 e 10% desses pacientes são submetidos a um programa de transfusão crônica. A aloimunização eritrocitária é uma complicação relativamente comum, podendo até mesmo levar a reações transfusionais hemolíticas tardias, contribuindo para aumentar as comorbidades da doença. Importantes medidas para prevenção dessas complicações nesses pacientes são o uso de hemácias previamente fenotipadas, além da fenotipagem do próprio receptor de concentrado de hemácias, determinando seu correto perfil fenotípico e possibilitando a escolha de concentrado de hemácias com antígenos correspondentes ao do paciente a ser transfundido. Extensa genotipagem eritrocitária profilática para selecionar doadores para pacientes que receberão repetidas transfusões durante um longo período é uma aplicação atraente de tipagem de sangue baseado em DNA. Isso é particularmente relevante para pacientes com doença falciforme, nos quais a taxa de aloimunização é elevada.
Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Schmadel Noah M. , Wondzell Steven M. , Gooseff Michael N. , Singha Kamini 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe hydrologic connectivity between streams and their valley bottoms (stream corridor) is a critical determinant of their ecological function. Ecological functions are known to be spatially and temporally variable, but spatial dimensions of the problem are not easily quantified and thus they are usually overlooked. To estimate the spatial patterns of connectivity, and how connectivity varies with changes in discharge, we developed the hyporheic potential model. We used the model to interpret a series of solute tracer injections in two headwater mountain streams with contrasting valley bottom morphologies to estimate connectivity in the stream corridor. The distributions of flow path origination locations and the lengths of hyporheic flow paths appear to vary with base flow recession, even in cases where transport timescales are apparently unchanged. The modeled distribution of origination locations further allowed us to define a spatial analog to the temporal window of detection associated with solute tracer studies, and enables assessment of connectivity dynamics between streams and their corridors. Altogether, the reduced complexity hyporheic potential model provides an easy way to anticipate the spatial distribution and origination locations of hyporheic flow paths from a basic understanding of the valley bottom characteristics and solute transport timescales.
On the physics‐based processes behind production‐induced seismicity in natural gas fields
Authors: Zbinden Dominik , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Urpi Luca , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInduced seismicity due to natural gas production is observed at different sites worldwide. Common understanding states that the pressure drop caused by gas production leads to compaction, which affects the stress field in the reservoir and the surrounding rock formations and hence reactivates preexisting faults and induces earthquakes. In this study, we show that the multiphase fluid flow involved in natural gas extraction activities should be included. We use a fully coupled fluid flow and geomechanics simulator, which accounts for stress‐dependent permeability and linear poroelasticity, to better determine the conditions leading to fault reactivation. In our model setup, gas is produced from a porous reservoir, divided into two compartments that are offset by a normal fault. Results show that fluid flow plays a major role in pore pressure and stress evolution within the fault. Fault strength is significantly reduced due to fluid flow into the fault zone from the neighboring reservoir compartment and other formations. We also analyze scenarios for minimizing seismicity after a period of production, such as (i) well shut‐in and (ii) gas reinjection. In the case of well shut‐in, a highly stressed fault zone can still be reactivated several decades after production has ceased, although on average the shut‐in results in a reduction in seismicity. In the case of gas reinjection, fault reactivation can be avoided if gas is injected directly into the compartment under depletion. However, gas reinjection into a neighboring compartment does not stop the fault from being reactivated.
Vesicle Origami: Cuboid Phospholipid Vesicles Formed by Template‐Free Self‐Assembly
Authors: Neuhaus Frederik , Mueller Dennis , Tanasescu Radu , Balog Sandor , Ishikawa Takashi , Brezesinski Gerald , Zumbuehl Andreas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhospholipid liposomes are archetypical self‐assembled structures. To minimize the surface tension, the vesicles typically are spherical. Deciphering the bilayer code, the basic physical interactions between phospholipids would allow these molecules to be utilized as building blocks for novel, non‐spherical structures. A 1,2‐diamidophospholipid is presented that self‐assembles into a cuboid structure. Owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the bilayer membranes form an exceptionally tight subgel packing, leading to a maximization of flat structural elements and a minimization of any edges. These conditions are optimized in the geometrical structure of a cube. Surprisingly, the lateral surface pressure in the membrane is only one third of the value typically assumed for a bilayer membrane, questioning a long‐standing rule‐of‐thumb.
Highly Efficient Carbon Monoxide Capture by Carbanion‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids through C‐Site Interactions
Authors: Tao Duan‐Jian , Chen Feng‐Feng , Tian Zi‐Qi , Huang Kuan , Mahurin Shannon M. , Jiang De‐en , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel method for the highly efficient and reversible capture of CO in carbanion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) by a C‐site interaction is reported. Because of its supernucleophilicity, the carbanion in ILs could absorb CO efficiently. As a result, a relatively high absorption capacity for CO (up to 0.046 mol mol−1) was achieved under ambient conditions, compared with CO solubility in a commonly used IL [Bmim][Tf2N] (2×10−3 mol mol−1). The results of quantum mechanical calculations and spectroscopic investigation confirmed that the chemical interaction between the C‐site in the carbanion and CO resulted in the superior CO absorption capacities. Furthermore, the subsequent conversion of captured CO into valuable chemicals with good reactivity was also realized through the alkoxycarbonylation reaction under mild conditions. Highly efficient CO absorption by carbanion‐functionalized ILs provides a new way of separating and converting CO.
Anaerobic Respiration on Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Impact of Chemical Structure
Authors: Kirchhofer Nathan D. , McCuskey Samantha R. , Mai Cheng‐Kang , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe probe anaerobic respiration of bacteria in the presence of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). Three different CPEs were used to probe how structural variations impact biocurrent generation from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. For the self‐doped anionic CPE only, absorption spectroscopy shows that the addition of S. oneidensis MR‐1 leads to the disappearance of the polaron (radical cation) band at >900 nm and an increase in the band at 735 nm due to the neutral species, consistent with electron transfer from microbe to polymer. Microbial three‐electrode electrochemical cells (M3Cs) show an increase in the current generated by S. oneidensis MR‐1 with addition of the self‐doped CPE relative to other CPEs and controls. These experiments combined with in situ cyclic voltammetry suggest that the doped CPE facilitates electron transport to electrodes and reveal structure–function relationships relevant to developing materials for biotic/abiotic interfaces.
Katalytische reduktive Synthese und direkte Derivatisierung ungeschützter Aminoindole, Aminopyrrole und Iminoindoline
Authors: Leijendekker Leonardus H. , Weweler Jens , Leuther Tobias M. , Streuff Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEs wird eine Titan(III)‐katalysierte Radikalcyclisierung zu ungeschützten 3‐Aminoindolen, 3‐Aminopyrrolen oder 3‐Iminoindolinen vorgestellt. Die Reaktion ist ungefährlich, skalierbar und ermöglicht die leichte Isolierung der freien Produkte mittels Extraktion. Die Methode zeigt eine große Substratbandbreite auf und ermöglicht die direkte Stickstoffschützung oder Synthese von Peptidbausteinen in einer einzelnen Sequenz. Anellierte Bisindole sind ebenfalls aus den Cyclisierungsprodukten zugänglich.
Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Substituted Indolines by N‐Sulfonylation using an Atropisomeric 4‐DMAP‐N‐oxide Organocatalyst
Authors: Murray James I. , Flodén Nils J. , Bauer Adriano , Fessner Nico D. , Dunklemann Daniel L. , Bob‐Egbe Opetoritse , Rzepa Henry S. , Bürgi Thomas , Richardson Jeffery , Spivey Alan C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe first catalytic kinetic resolution by N‐sulfonylation is described. 2‐Substituted indolines are resolved (s=2.6–19) using an atropisomeric 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐N‐oxide (4‐DMAP‐N‐oxide) organocatalyst. Use of 2‐isopropyl‐4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride is critical to the stereodiscrimination and enables facile deprotection of the sulfonamide products with thioglycolic acid. A qualitative model that accounts for the stereodiscrimination is proposed.
Mechanical cell disruption of microalgae for investigating the effects of degree of disruption on hydrocarbon extraction
Authors: Tsutsumi Shun , Yokomizo Madona , Saito Yasuhiro , Matsushita Yohsuke , Aoki Hideyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe colonial microalga, Botryococcus braunii, produces and stores hydrocarbons in membranes and in colonies. Although hydrocarbons in B. braunii could easily be extracted for biofuel production, yields are actually poor without energy‐intensive pretreatment such as thermal drying. To develop extraction methods without drying, we applied the mechanical cell disruption to wet B. braunii using either a high‐pressure homogenizer, a bead mill, or a circulating particle disruptor (Jet‐Paster) and examined the relationships between the extent of cell and/or colony disruption and extracted hydrocarbon yields using n‐hexane. When the number of particles over 20 μm classified as colonies, decreased after each treatment, the hydrocarbon yields of samples treated (over 20%) were much larger than those without treatments (under 5%). Thus, the colony disruption may increase hydrocarbon yields by enhancing n‐hexane penetration to the colony. Although the degree of disruption on the Jet‐Paster treatment was the lowest (2.2–9.3%) and that of sample treated by the homogenizer was the highest (27–55%), extracted hydrocarbon yields were improved in both treatments. The facts indicate that disrupting large colonies into small colonies improves hydrocarbon recovery, and the fractionation of cells is not needed for hydrocarbon extraction from B. braunii. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step synthesis of corn starch urea based acrylate superabsorbents
Authors: Liu Ting Guo , Wang Yun Tao , Guo Jun , Liu Tian Bao , Wang Xin , Li Bin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA one‐step synthesis procedure for starch‐based acrylate superabsorbent polymers was proposed. The reaction conditions that may affect the water absorption capacity were discussed. A transparent gel‐like polymer containing urea (USAP) was successfully obtained by dissolving starch in a NaOH solution without further gelatinizing processing and using AA directly without prior neutralization. Urea was used as the nitrogen source and pore‐forming agent to improve the performance of the USAP. The optimum reaction conditions of the swelling ratio were also studied. A corn starch USAP was synthesized under the optimum conditions, and the water absorbency was 2704 ± 22, 561 ± 39, 100 ± 5, and 96 ± 4 g/g, respectively, in distilled water, running water, physiological saline, and artificial urine. Five kinds of starch‐based USAPs were also successfully prepared under the same conditions with excellent water absorption capacities, revealing that the one‐step method was a more convenient method for a potential industrial application pathway. The polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the PAA chains were successfully grafted onto the St backbone. However, the St molecular structure was not completely destroyed during the graft polymerization. The thermal analysis and nitrogen content results proved that urea was also involved in the graft copolymerization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45175.
Performance Improvement of Fuel Cells Using Perturbation‐Based Extremum Seeking and Model Reference Adaptive Control
Authors: Dadkhah Tehrani Reza , Shabani Faridoon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNowadays, fuel cells (FCs) are considered suitable alternative sources for electrical energy applications. One major challenge encountered in FCs is relevant to the performance of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under FC parameter changes and load variations. This challenge is due to the nonlinearity and time‐varying dynamics of FC systems. In this paper, the MPPT is studied in a system composed of a FC and a DC‐DC converter. To improve the performance of the MPPT, application of perturbation‐based extremum seeking (PES) and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is proposed. This control scheme can efficiently handle the uncertainties in the FC as well as the load, through two control levels. The first level is PES utilized to adjust the duty cycle of the DC‐DC converter; and the second level is MRAC employed to achieve the desired dynamic response. Using the proposed control strategy, design and analysis of the control levels can be realized independently, which results in easy implementation. This is achieved due to considerable differences between the time constants of the control levels. The simulation results are utilized to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in response to the variations of FC parameters and load. Also, comparative studies with a combination of PES and PID controller are provided in the simulation.