bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the annual mass balance of the Echaurren Norte glacier (Central Andes, 33.5° S) using local and regional hydroclimatic data
Authors: Masiokas Mariano H. , Christie Duncan A. , Le Quesne Carlos , Pitte Pierre , Ruiz Lucas , Villalba Ricardo , Luckman Brian H. , Berthier Etienne , Nussbaumer Samuel U. , González-Reyes Álvaro , McPhee James , Barcaza Gonzalo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Despite the great number and variety of glaciers in southern South America, in situ glacier mass-balance records are extremely scarce and glacier–climate relationships are still poorly understood in this region. Here we use the longest (>  35 years) and most complete in situ mass-balance record, available for the Echaurren Norte glacier (ECH) in the Andes at  ∼  33.5° S, to develop a minimal glacier surface mass-balance model that relies on nearby monthly precipitation and air temperature data as forcing. This basic model is able to explain 78 % of the variance in the annual glacier mass-balance record over the 1978–2013 calibration period. An attribution assessment identified precipitation variability as the dominant forcing modulating annual mass balances at ECH, with temperature variations likely playing a secondary role. A regionally averaged series of mean annual streamflow records from both sides of the Andes between  ∼  30 and 37° S is then used to estimate, through simple linear regression, this glacier's annual mass-balance variations since 1909. The reconstruction model captures 68 % of the observed glacier mass-balance variability and shows three periods of sustained positive mass balances embedded in an overall negative trend over the past 105 years. The three periods of sustained positive mass balances (centered in the 1920s–1930s, in the 1980s and in the first decade of the 21st century) coincide with several documented glacier advances in this region. Similar trends observed in other shorter glacier mass-balance series suggest that the Echaurren Norte glacier reconstruction is representative of larger-scale conditions and could be useful for more detailed glaciological, hydrological and climatological assessments in this portion of the Andes.
Alta adesão aos medicamentos prescritos apesar de baixo comparecimento às reuniões de grupo entre pacientes do programa HIPERDIA
Authors: Boszczovski Rafaella , Fronza Dilson , Bolson Mayara Angélica 
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os índices de adesão às reuniões do grupo de hipertensos e diabéticos por meio do Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos (HIPERDIA), bem como o uso efetivo das pela retirada dos medicamentos da Unidade de Saúde da Família. Métodos: Durante o período de outubro de 2013 a março de 2014 foi realizado um estudo longitudinal e prospectivo, compreendendo uma coorte de pacientes de ambos os sexos, residentes na área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde da Família São Francisco de Assis cadastrados no HIPERDIA. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante as reuniões mensais nas comunidades, nas quais eram avaliadas as taxas de participação efetiva e a utilização das medicações por meio da checagem da saída mensal da medicação em estoque, vinculada ao paciente. Resultados: Dos 238 pacientes cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA, 226 deles (94%) aderiram ao tratamento, e 12 pacientes (6%) não utilizavam a medicação prescrita pelo médico da Unidade de Saúde. Apenas 34 pacientes (14,3%) participaram das reuniões e retiravam a medicação nos encontros do HIPERDIA. Outros 192 pacientes (80,7%) não participavam das reuniões e retiravam as medicações na Unidade de Saúde em algum momento durante o mês. Doze deles (5%) não participaram das reuniões nem retiraram a medicação junto à Unidade de Saúde. Conclusão: A adesão ao tratamento do diabetes e da hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi considerada satisfatória, apesar do baixo índice de participação dos grupos nas reuniões do HIPERDIA.
Estrogen Receptor and Cytokeratin 5 Are Reliable Markers to Separate Usual Ductal Hyperplasia From Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Martinez Anthony P. , Cohen Cynthia , Hanley Krisztina Z. , Li Xiaoxian (Bill) 
Published: April 2016

Context.—High–molecular weight cytokeratins, such as cytokeratin 5 (CK5), are helpful to distinguish usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) from atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Few studies have looked at combining CK5 with estrogen receptor (ER) to differentiate UDH from ADH.
Objective.—To evaluate the expression pattern of CK5 and ER as single or combined markers to separate UDH from ADH and low-grade DCIS.
Design.—A total of 23 ADH, 10 low-grade DCIS, and 32 UDH whole-tissue slides were stained for ER, CK5, progesterone receptor (PR), and Bcl-2. Nuclear staining of ER and PR was scored as diffuse (&gt;80%), focal (10%–80%), or negative (&lt;10%). Cytoplasmic staining of CK5 and Bcl-2 was scored as diffuse (&gt;60%), focal (10%–60%), or negative (&lt;10%). Differences in staining patterns were evaluated.
Results.—For ER staining: 94% of ADH/DCIS cases showed a diffuse staining pattern, whereas none of the 32 UDH cases showed diffuse staining. For CK5 staining: 96% of ADH/DCIS cases were negative or focally positive, whereas all 32 UDH cases had diffuse staining. The combination of ER and CK5 increased the sensitivity (94% to 97%). For PR staining: 11 of 23 ADH cases (48%), 6 of 10 DCIS cases (60%), and 4 of 32 UDH cases (13%) showed diffuse staining. Bcl-2 staining showed no statistical significance (P = .73).
Conclusions.—Although morphology remains the gold standard, ER and CK5 are useful makers to differentiate UDH from ADH. Progesterone receptor staining may have limited value, and Bcl-2 staining is not useful.
Margin Status in Shave Biopsies of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Is It Worth Reporting?
Authors: Schnebelen Alicia M. , Gardner Jerad M. , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: April 2016

Context.—The practice of reporting margin status in biopsies is relatively unique to biopsies of the skin and highly variable among pathologists.Objective.—To address the accuracy of margin evaluation in shave biopsies of nonmelanoma skin cancers.Design.—We collected shave biopsies of squamous and basal cell carcinomas that appeared to have uninvolved margins on routine sign out. We obtained deeper levels on corresponding tissue blocks until blocks were exhausted and examined them for tumor at biopsy margins.Results.—Forty-seven consecutive cases were collected, including 20 squamous cell (43%) and 27 basal cell (57%) carcinomas. Eleven of 47 cases (23%) with negative margins at initial diagnosis demonstrated positive margins upon deeper-level examination. Margins of 8 of 27 basal cell carcinomas (30%) and 3 of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (15%) were erroneously classified as “negative” on routine examination.Conclusions.—No guidelines exist regarding the reporting of margins in nonmelanoma skin cancer biopsies, and reporting practices vary extensively among pathologists. We found that nearly one-quarter of positive margins in shave biopsies for cutaneous carcinomas are missed on standard histologic examination. Moreover, reporting of a positive margin may also be misleading if the clinician has definitively treated the skin cancer at the time of biopsy. For these reasons, and as routine exhaustion of all tissue blocks is impractical, the decision to include or exclude a comment regarding the margin status should be given conscious consideration, accounting for the clinical intent of the biopsy and any known information regarding postbiopsy treatment.
Influence of Bone and Muscle Injuries on the Osteogenic Potential of Muscle Progenitors: Contribution of Tissue Environment to Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Molligan Jeremy , Mitchell Reed , Schon Lew , Achilefu Samuel , Zahoor Talal , Cho Young , Loube Jeffery , Zhang Zijun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

By using surgical mouse models, this study investigated how the tissue environment influences the osteogenic potential of muscle progenitors (m-progenitors) and potentially contributes to heterotopic ossification (HO). Injury was induced by clamping the gluteus maximus and medius (group M) or osteotomy of greater trochanter (group O) on the right hip, as well as combined muscle injury and osteotomy of greater trochanter (group M+O). The gluteus maximus and medius of the operated hips were harvested at days 1, 3, 5, and 10 for isolation of m-progenitors. The cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium for 3 weeks, and osteogenesis was evaluated by matrix mineralization and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The expression of type I collagen, RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2), and osteocalcin by the m-progenitors of group M+O was significantly increased, compared with groups M and O. Osteogenic m-progenitors in group O increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and also bone morphogenetic protein antagonist differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma. On histology, there was calcium deposition mostly in the muscles of group M+O harvested at day 10. CD56, representing myogenic progenitors, was highly expressed in the m-progenitors isolated from group M (day 10), but m-progenitors of group M+O (day 10) exhibited the highest expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α), a marker of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs). The expressions of PDGFR-α and RUNX2 were colocalized in osteogenic m-progenitors. The data indicate that the tissue environment simulated in the M+O model is a favorable condition for HO formation. Most likely, M-MSCs, rather than myogenic progenitors, in the m-progenitors participate in HO formation.

Significance
The prevalence of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is high in war injury. The pathogenesis of HO is still unknown. This study clarified the contribution of a tissue environment created by bone or muscle injury to the formation of HO. The study also found that muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but not myogenic progenitors, are involved in the formation of HO. The findings of this study could be used to strategize the prevention and treatment of HO.
Self-assembled tin dioxide for forming-free resistive random-access memory application
Authors: Hong Ying-Jhan , Wang Tsang-Hsuan , Wei Shih-Yuan , Chang Pin , Yew Tri-Rung 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A novel resistive switching structure, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)/SnO2−

x
(defined as SnO2 with oxygen vacancies)/SnS was demonstrated with a set voltage of 0.38 V, a reset voltage of −0.15 V, a ratio of high resistance to low resistance of 544, and forming-free and nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The interface of the ITO and the self-assembled SnO2−

x
contributed to the resistive switching behavior. This device showed great potential for resistive random access memory (RRAM) application and solving the sneak path problem in cross-bar memory arrays. Furthermore, a nanostructured resistive switching device was demonstrated successfully.
Thermally induced vertical phase separation and photovoltaic characteristics of polymer solar cells for P3HT/PCBM composites
Authors: Nagai Masaru , Wei Huang , Yoshida Yuji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The occurrence of vertical phase separation has been reported for various spin-cast polymer films, including bulk-heterojunction films of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Focusing on real-space analysis, we conducted a study on the relationship between the morphology and processing conditions of PSCs for typical poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) cells. Our results demonstrated that spin-casting caused a localized reduction in the P3HT concentration in the bulk center. Thermal annealing after cathode formation enhanced the unevenness in concentration and created a multilayered vertical phase-separated morphology in which the P3HT domains were gathered near the electrodes, leaving only PCBM domains at the center of the film. Cells with this morphology had good power conversion efficiency (∼3%).
Improving source/drain contact resistance of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc-oxide thin-film transistors using an n+-ZnO buffer layer
Authors: Hung Chien-Hsiung , Wang Shui-Jinn , Lin Chieh , Wu Chien-Hung , Chen Yen-Han , Liu Pang-Yi , Tu Yung-Chun , Lin Tseng-Hsing 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
To avoid high temperature annealing in improving the source/drain (S/D) resistance (R
DS) of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc-oxide (α-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) for flexible electronics, a simple and efficient technique using a sputtering-deposited n+-ZnO buffer layer (BL) sandwiched between the S/D electrode and the α-IGZO channel is proposed and demonstrated. It shows that the R
DS of α-IGZO TFTs with the proposed n+-ZnO BL is reduced to 8.1 × 103 Ω as compared with 6.1 × 104 Ω of the conventional one. The facilitation of carrier tunneling between the S/D electrode and the α-IGZO channel through the use of the n+-ZnO BL to lower the effective barrier height therein is responsible for the R
DS reduction. Effects of the chamber pressure on the carrier concentration of the sputtering-deposited n+-ZnO BL and the thickness of the BL on the degree of improvement in the performance of α-IGZO TFTs are analyzed and discussed.
The interrater reliability of an objective structured practical examination in measuring the clinical reasoning ability of chiropractic students
Authors: Rose Kevin A. , Babajanian Jesika 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is a case-based assessment that can be used to assess the clinical reasoning ability of students. The reliability of using an OSPE for this purpose has not been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine the interrater reliability of the OSPE in measuring the clinical reasoning ability of chiropractic students.Methods: Two examiners tested each student simultaneously when enough were available as a check for interrater reliability. The scores for students over 4 exam administrations were compiled, and we calculated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using 1-way random single measures.Results: Paired scores were available for 133 students. The ICC was .685, showing a fair-to-good level of agreement for faculty in assessing the clinical reasoning ability of chiropractic students using an OSPE.Conclusion: The OSPE can be a valuable tool for testing clinical reasoning abilities because it can simulate the decision-making process that needs to be implemented in clinical practice. Faculty members at our chiropractic college were able to achieve an acceptable level of reliability in measuring the clinical reasoning abilities of students using an OSPE. Other health professional programs may consider using this tool for assessing the clinical reasoning skills of their students.
Urban enhancement of PM10 bioaerosol tracers relative to background locations in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Rathnayake Chathurika M. , Metwali Nervana , Baker Zach , Jayarathne Thilina , Kostle Pamela A. , Thorne Peter S. , O'Shaughnessy Patrick T. , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBioaerosols are well‐known immune‐active particles that exacerbate respiratory diseases. Human exposures to bioaerosols and their resultant health impacts depend on their ambient concentrations, seasonal and spatial variation, and copollutants, which are not yet widely characterized. In this study, chemical and biological tracers of bioaerosols were quantified in respirable particulate matter (PM10) collected at three urban and three background sites in the Midwestern United States across four seasons in 2012. Endotoxins from Gram‐negative bacteria (and a few Gram‐positive bacteria), water‐soluble proteins, and tracers for fungal spores (fungal glucans, arabitol, and mannitol) were ubiquitous and showed significant seasonal variation and dependence on temperature. Fungal spores were elevated in spring and peaked in summer, following the seasonal growing cycle, while endotoxins peaked in autumn during the row crop harvesting season. Paired comparisons of bioaerosols in urban and background sites revealed significant urban enhancements in PM10, fungal glucans, endotoxins, and water‐soluble proteins relative to background locations, such that urban populations have a greater outdoor exposure to bioaerosols. These bioaerosols contribute, in part, to the urban excesses in PM10. Higher bioaerosol mass fractions in urban areas relative to background sites indicate that urban areas serve as a source of bioaerosols. Similar urban enhancements in water‐soluble calcium and its correlation with bioaerosol tracers point toward windblown soil as an important source of bioaerosols in urban areas.
From conservative to reactive transport under diffusion‐controlled conditions
Authors: Babey Tristan , de Dreuzy Jean‐Raynald , Ginn Timothy R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe assess the possibility to use conservative transport information, such as that contained in transit time distributions, breakthrough curves and tracer tests, to predict nonlinear fluid‐rock interactions in fracture/matrix or mobile/immobile conditions. Reference simulated data are given by conservative and reactive transport simulations in several diffusive porosity structures differing by their topological organization. Reactions includes nonlinear kinetically controlled dissolution and desorption. Effective Multi‐Rate Mass Transfer models (MRMT) are calibrated solely on conservative transport information without pore topology information and provide concentration distributions on which effective reaction rates are estimated. Reference simulated reaction rates and effective reaction rates evaluated by MRMT are compared, as well as characteristic desorption and dissolution times. Although not exactly equal, these indicators remain very close whatever the porous structure, differing at most by 0.6% and 10% for desorption and dissolution. At early times, this close agreement arises from the fine characterization of the diffusive porosity close to the mobile zone that controls fast mobile‐diffusive exchanges. At intermediate to late times, concentration gradients are strongly reduced by diffusion, and reactivity can be captured by a very limited number of rates. We conclude that effective models calibrated solely on conservative transport information like MRMT can accurately estimate monocomponent kinetically controlled nonlinear fluid‐rock interactions. Their relevance might extend to more advanced biogeochemical reactions because of the good characterization of conservative concentration distributions, even by parsimonious models (e.g., MRMT with 3–5 rates). We propose a methodology to estimate reactive transport from conservative transport in mobile‐immobile conditions.
Thermodynamic and dynamic controls on changes in the zonally anomalous hydrological cycle
Authors: Wills Robert C. , Byrne Michael P. , Schneider Tapio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe wet gets wetter, dry gets drier paradigm explains the expected moistening of the extratropics and drying of the subtropics as the atmospheric moisture content increases with global warming. Here we show, using precipitation minus evaporation (P − E) data from climate models, that it cannot be extended to apply regionally to deviations from the zonal mean. Wet and dry zones shift substantially in response to shifts in the stationary‐eddy circulations that cause them. Additionally, atmospheric circulation changes lead to a smaller increase in the zonal variance of P − E than would be expected from atmospheric moistening alone. The P − E variance change can be split into dynamic and thermodynamic components through an analysis of the atmospheric moisture budget. This reveals that a weakening of stationary‐eddy circulations and changes in the zonal variation of transient‐eddy moisture fluxes moderate the strengthening of the zonally anomalous hydrological cycle with global warming.
Skill improvement of dynamical seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasts
Authors: Krikken Folmer , Schmeits Maurice , Vlot Willem , Guemas Virginie , Hazeleger Wilco 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe explore the error and improve the skill of the outcome from dynamical seasonal Arctic sea ice reforecasts using different bias correction and ensemble calibration methods. These reforecasts consist of a five‐member ensemble from 1979 to 2012 using the general circulation model EC‐Earth. The raw model reforecasts show large biases in Arctic sea ice area, mainly due to a differently simulated seasonal cycle and long term trend compared to observations. This translates very quickly (1–3 months) into large biases. We find that (heteroscedastic) extended logistic regressions are viable ensemble calibration methods, as the forecast skill is improved compared to standard bias correction methods. Analysis of regional skill of Arctic sea ice shows that the Northeast Passage and the Kara and Barents Sea are most predictable. These results show the importance of reducing model error and the potential for ensemble calibration in improving skill of seasonal forecasts of Arctic sea ice.
UHF front‐end feeding RFID‐based body sensor networks by exploiting the reader signal
Authors: Pasca M. , Colella R. , Catarinucci L. , Tarricone L. , D'Amico S. , Baschirotto A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated, high‐sensitivity UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) power management circuit for body sensor network applications. The circuit consists of a two‐stage RF‐DC Dickson's rectifier followed by an integrated five‐stage DC‐DC Pelliconi's charge pump driven by an ultralow start‐up voltage LC oscillator. The DC‐DC charge pump interposed between the RF‐DC rectifier and the output load provides the RF to load isolation avoiding losses due to the diodes reverse saturation current. The RF‐DC rectifier has been realized on FR4 substrate, while the charge pump and the oscillator have been realized in 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Outdoor measurements demonstrate the ability of the power management circuit to provide 400 mV output voltage at 14 m distance from the UHF reader, in correspondence of −25 dBm input signal power. As demonstrated in the literature, such output voltage level is suitable to supply body sensor network nodes.