bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen-rich saline inhibits tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by alleviating airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in rats
Authors: Liu Zibing , Geng Wenye , Jiang Chuanwei , Zhao Shujun , Liu Yong , Zhang Ying , Qin Shucun , Li Chenxu , Zhang Xinfang , Si Yanhong 
Published: August 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by tobacco smoke has been regarded as a great health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline, a novel antioxidant, on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and explore the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were made chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models via tobacco smoke exposure for 12 weeks and the rats were treated with 10 ml/kg hydrogen-rich saline intraperitoneally during the last 4 weeks. Lung function testing indicated hydrogen-rich saline decreased lung airway resistance and increased lung compliance and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s/forced vital capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. Histological analysis revealed that hydrogen-rich saline alleviated morphological impairments of lung in tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. ELISA assay showed hydrogen-rich saline lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. The content of malondialdehyde in lung tissue and serum was also determined and the data indicated hydrogen-rich saline suppressed oxidative stress reaction. The protein expressions of mucin MUC5C and aquaporin 5 involved in mucus hypersecretion were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA and the data revealed that hydrogen-rich saline down-regulated MUC5AC level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue and up-regulated aquaporin 5 level in lung tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that administration of hydrogen-rich saline exhibits significant protective effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through alleviating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and lessening mucus hypersecretion in tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. Impact statement This study was designed to evaluate protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline, a novel antioxidant, on tobacco smoke (TS)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Our results suggest that administration of hydrogen-rich saline improves lung function and alleviates morphological impairments of lung through alleviating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress and lessening mucus hypersecretion in TS-induced COPD rats.
Faecal biomarkers for screening small bowel inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective study
Authors: Shimoyama Takahiro , Yamamoto Takayuki , Umegae Satoru , Matsumoto Koichi 
Published: August 2017

Background: The value of faecal biomarkers for screening small bowel inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remains to be elucidated. This prospective study was to evaluate the utility of faecal biomarkers for detecting small intestinal inflammation. Methods: A total of 122 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CD in the small intestine were screened for eligibility. Computed tomography enterography (CTE) was undertaken to evaluate small bowel inflammation followed by colonoscopy to confirm no large bowel involvement. Seventy eligible patients with inflammation confined to the small intestine were included. Faecal samples were collected for assaying calprotectin, lactoferrin and haemoglobin. For assessing the degree of small bowel inflammation, a semi-quantitative scoring system (CTE0, normal; CTE1, mild; CTE2, moderate; CTE3, severe) was applied. Results: The median calprotectin, lactoferrin and haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in patients with small bowel inflammation, CTE scores 1–3 ( n = 42) versus 0 ( n = 28): calprotectin, 330 versus 40 ng/ml, p < 0.0001; lactoferrin, 14 versus 3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001; haemoglobin, 29.5 versus 6.5 ng/ml, p = 0.005. There was a strong positive relationship between the faecal biomarkers and CTE score: calprotectin, p < 0.0001; lactoferrin, p < 0.0001; haemoglobin, p = 0.0004. A cutoff value of 140 ng/ml for calprotectin had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 82% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.82 to detect small bowel inflammation (CTE scores 1–3), while lactoferrin 6 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 79% with an AUC of 0.83, and haemoglobin 9 ng/ml showed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 39% with an AUC of 0.70. Conclusions: Faecal calprotectin, lactoferrin, and to a lesser degree haemoglobin are relevant biomarkers for screening small bowel inflammation in CD patients without large bowel involvement. Further well-designed large-scale studies in this clinical setting should strengthen our findings.
Commutability and concordance of four hepatitis B virus DNA assays in an international multicenter study
Authors: Maasoumy Benjamin , Bremer Birgit , Lehmann Patrick , Marins Ed G. , Michel-Treil Véronique , Simon Christian O. , Njoya Merlin , Cornberg Markus , Paxinos Ellen , Manns Michael P. , Vermehren Johannes , Sarrazin Christoph , Sohn Ji Yeon , Cho Yunjung , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: August 2017

Background HBV DNA is the most important molecular marker in hepatitis B, used to determine treatment indication and monitoring. Most patients require lifelong hepatitis B virus (HBV) management, thus viral load (VL) monitoring may be performed at different laboratories, with different HBV assays, which may result in different VL results. This multicenter study compares the commutability and concordance of results from four different HBV DNA assays: CAP/CTM HBVv2, HPS/CTM HBVv2 and the new cobas 6800/8800 HBV and cobas 4800 HBV assays. Methods Across all four assays, HBV limit of detection (LoD) and linearity at lower concentrations were assessed using panels traceable to the World Health Organization international standard, and concordance was investigated at the important medical decision cutoffs 2000 and 20,000 IU/ml, using specimens from HBV-positive patients. Results The calculated LoD via a probit curve was 2.7 IU/ml for cobas 6800/8800 HBV, 2.8 IU/ml for cobas 4800 HBV, 9.6 IU/ml for CAP/CTM HBVv2, and 6.2 IU/ml for HPS/CTM HBVv2. The average accuracy was comparable between cobas 6800/8800 HBV, cobas 4800 HBV and CAP/CTM HBVv2 (0.04–0.05 log10 IU/ml), while a slightly lower accuracy was documented for HPS/CTM HBVv2 (−0.16 log10 IU/ml). A total of 211–245 clinical samples were used for a pairwise comparison. Mean paired log differences ranged from −0.17 log10 IU/ml to −0.01 log10 IU/ml. Coefficient of determination was over 98% for all pairs with high overall percent agreement at the 2000 and 20,000 IU/ml cutoffs (from 91.7% to 96.3%). In a subset of samples with VL±0.5 log10 to the 2000 and 20,000 IU/ml thresholds, concordance was still 72% and 82%, respectively. Conclusions The new cobas 6800/8800 HBV and 4800 HBV assays show high accuracy in samples with low-level viremia and a high concordance with the established HBV tests, CAP/CTM HBVv2 and HPS/CTM HBVv2, at 2000 and 20,000 IU/ml. Thus, all four HBV assays have high commutability and may be used interchangeably in routine clinical practice.
Multimodal Pain Management in Older Elective Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Brooks Elaine , Freter Susan H. , Bowles Susan K. , Amirault David 
Published: August 2017

Background: Pain management after elective arthroplasty in older adults is complicated due to the risk of undertreatment of postoperative pain and potential adverse effects from analgesics, notably opioids. Using combinations of analgesics has been proposed as potentially beneficial to achieve pain control with lower opioid doses. Objective: We compared a multimodal pain protocol with a traditional one, in older elective arthroplasty patients, measuring self-rated pain, incidence of postoperative delirium, quantity and cost of opioid analgesics consumed. Methods: One hundred fifty-eight patients, 70 years and older, admitted to tertiary care for elective arthroplasty were prospectively assessed postoperative days 1–3. Patients received either traditional postoperative analgesia (acetaminophen plus opioids) or a multimodal pain protocol (acetaminophen, opioids, gabapentin, celecoxib), depending on surgeon preference. Self-rated pain, postoperative delirium, and time to achieve standby-assist ambulation were compared, as were total opioid doses and analgesic costs. Results: Despite receiving significantly more opioid analgesics (traditional: 166.4 mg morphine-equivalents; multimodal: 442 mg morphine equivalents; t = 10.64, P < .0001), there was no difference in self-rated pain, delirium, or mobility on postoperative days 1–3. Costs were significantly higher in the multimodal group ( t = 9.15, P < .0001). Knee arthroplasty was associated with higher pain scores than hip arthroplasty, with no significant difference in opioid usage. Conclusion: A multimodal approach to pain control demonstrated no benefit over traditional postoperative analgesia in elective arthroplasty patients, but with significantly higher amounts of opioid consumed. This poses a potential risk regarding tolerability in frail older adults and results in increased drug costs.
Disparities in Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty in the Management of Geriatric Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Dangelmajer Sean , Yang Arthur , Githens Michael , Harris Alex H. S. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Recent clinical evidence suggests that total hip arthroplasty (THA) provides improved clinical outcomes as compared to hemiarthroplasty (HA) for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly individuals. However, THA is still utilized relatively infrequently. Few studies have evaluated the factors affecting utilization and the role socioeconomics plays in THA versus HA. Methods: In the United States, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify patients treated surgically for femoral neck fracture, between 2009 and 2010. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes for closed, transcervical femoral neck fractures and closed fractures at unspecified parts of the femoral neck. All candidate predictors of THA versus HA were entered into a multilevel mixed-effect regression model. Results: Older patient age, being Asian or Pacific Islander, and having Medicaid payer status were all associated with lower odds of receiving THA. Patients with private insurance including Health Maintenance organization (HMO) had higher odds of THA as did patients with other insurance. Odds of THA were significantly lower among patients in teaching hospitals and higher at hospitals with greater THA volume. Discussion: Ethnicity, payer status, hospital size, and institutional THA volume were all associated with the utilization of THA versus HA in the treatment of geriatric femoral neck fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective Cohort study.
Preoperative Factors Influencing Decision Between Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty in Femoral Neck Fractures in Indian Patients—Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Selvam Prakash , Soundarapandian Sivamurugan , Soundarapandian Ravisubramaniam , Senguttuvan Cheralathan 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The percentage of elderly population is increasing worldwide, with increasing incidence of femoral neck fractures. An increasing trend of arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture is observed. We aim to retrospectively analyze the preoperative factors that seem to influence the decision between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty for managment of the same. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted with femoral neck fracture during January 2010 to March 2015 in our institute were included in the study. The preinjury independency status was assessed using Katz index scoring system. Based on the data obtained from case sheets, the patients were segregated into hemiarthroplasty group and total hip arthroplasty group. Variables that preferentially appeared in the individual group were identified. Results: A total of 206 hips of 199 patients were included in the study. The factors that seem to influence the decision between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty with a statistical significance were age, Katz index score, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade. Higher ASA grades caused delay in surgery, increasing the length of hospital stay, and these patients more commonly underwent hemiarthroplasty. Discussion: Patients’ preinjury functional status influenced the decision between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, especially in the age between 65 and 80 years. Preoperative comorbidities did not prevent the patient from undergoing total hip replacement due to early optimization for surgery with the help of the dedicated orthogeriatric team. Conclusion: We conclude that preinjury functional independency of a patient is an important decisive factor in the choice between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. In addition to other factors including age and comorbidity pattern, scoring methods for preinjury functional status of patient could aid in decision-making. Early optimization, early surgery, and faster rehabilitation help the patients to achieve their preinjury functional status.
Hip Fractures in Centenarians: Has Care Improved in the National Hip Fracture Database Era?
Authors: Dick Alastair G. , Davenport Dominic , Bansal Mohit , Burch Therese S. , Edwards Max R. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The number of centenarians in the United Kingdom is increasing. An associated increase in the incidence of hip fractures in the extreme elderly population is expected. The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) initiative was introduced in 2007 aiming to improve hip fracture care. There is a paucity of literature on the outcomes of centenarians with hip fractures since its introduction. The aim of this study is to report our experience of hip fractures in centenarians in the era since the introduction of the NHFD to assess outcomes in terms of mortality, time to surgery, length of stay, and complications. Methods: A retrospective case note study of all centenarians managed for a hip fracture over a 7-year period at a London district general hospital. Results: We report on 22 centenarians sustaining 23 hip fractures between 2008 and 2015. Twenty-one fractures were managed operatively. For patients managed operatively, in-hospital, 30-day, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year cumulative mortalities were 30%, 30%, 39%, 50%, 77%, 86%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 100% for those managed nonoperatively. Mean time to surgery was 1.6 days (range: 0.7-6.3 days). Mean length of stay on the acute orthopedic ward was 23 days (range: 2-51 days). Seventy-one percent had a postoperative complication most commonly a hospital-acquired pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Compared to a series of centenarians with hip fractures prior to the introduction of the NHFD, we report a reduced time to surgery. Mortality and hospital length of stay were similar.
Refinement of the crystal structure of sieleckiite and revision
of its symmetry
Authors: Elliott Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure of the copper aluminium phosphate mineral sieleckiite,
Cu3Al4(PO4)2
(OH)12·2H2O, from the Mt Oxide copper mine,
Queensland, Australia was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data
utilizing synchrotron radiation. Sieleckiite has monoclinic rather than
triclinic symmetry as previously reported and is space group
C2/m with unit-cell parameters a =
11.711(2), b = 6.9233(14), c = 9.828(2) Å,
β = 92.88(3)°, V = 795.8(3) Å3and
Z = 2. The crystal structure, which has been refined to
R1 = 0.0456 on the basis of 1186 unique reflections with
Fo > 4σF, is a framework of corner-,
edge- and face- sharing Cu and Al octahedra and PO4
tetrahedra.
Crystallization and destabilization of eudialyte-group minerals in peralkaline granite and pegmatite: a case study from the Ambohimirahavavy complex, Madagascar
Authors: Estrade Guillaume , Salvi Stefano , Béziat Didier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEudialyte-group minerals (EGM) are very common in highly evolved SiO2-undersaturated syenites and are characteristic minerals of agpaitic rocks. Conversely, they are extremely rare in peralkaline granites, with only a handful of EGM occurrences reported worldwide. Here, we study two new examples of EGM occurrence in two types of peralkaline pegmatitic granites from the Cenozoic Ambohimirahavavy complex, and assess the magmatic conditions required to crystallize EGM in peralkaline SiO2-oversaturated rocks. In the transitional granite (contains EGM as accessory minerals) EGM occur as late phases and are the only agpaitic and major rare-earth element (REE) bearing minerals. In the agpaitic granite (contains EGM as rock-forming minerals) EGM are early-magmatic phases occurring together with two other agpaitic minerals, nacareniobsite-(Ce) and turkestanite. In these granites, EGM are partly-to-completely altered and replaced by secondary assemblages consisting of zircon and quartz in the transitional granite and an unidentified Ca-Na zirconosilicate in the agpaitic granite. Ambohimirahavavy EGM, as well as those from other peralkaline granites and pegmatites, are richer inREEand poorer in Ca than EGM in nepheline syenites. We infer that magmatic EGM are rare in SiO2-oversaturated rocks because of low Cl concentrations in these melts. At Ambohimirahavavy, contamination of the parental magma of the agpaitic granite with Ca-rich material increased the solubility of Cl in the melt promoting EGM crystallization. In both granite types, EGM were destabilized by the late exsolution of a fluid and by interaction with an external Ca-bearing fluid.
From structure topology to chemical composition. XXIV. Revision of the crystal structure and chemical formula of vigrishinite, NaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4, a seidozerite-supergroup mineral from the Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia
Authors: Sokolova Elena , Hawthorne Frank C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe crystal structure of vigrishinite, ideally NaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4, a murmanite-group mineral of the seidozerite supergroup from the type locality, Mt. Malyi Punkaruaiv, Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia, was refined in space group C$\bar 1$, a = 10.530(2), b = 13.833(3), c = 11.659(2) Å, α = 94.34(3), β = 98.30(3), γ = 89.80(3)°, V = 1675.5(2.1) Å3 and R1 = 12.52%. Based on electron-microprobe analysis, the empirical formula calculated on 22 (O + F), with two constraints derived from structure refinement, OH + F = 1.96 pfu and H2O = 3.44 pfu, is: (Na0.67Zn0.21Ca0.05□1.07)Σ2 (Zn0.86□1.14)Σ2(Zn0.14□0.36)Σ0.5(Ti2.60Nb0.62Mn0.30${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 23}}^{{\rm 2 +}} $Mg0.10Zr0.06Zn0.05Al0.03Ta0.01)Σ4(Si4.02O14) [O2.60(OH)1.21F0.19]Σ4[(H2O)3.44(OH)0.56]Σ4{Zn0.24P0.03K0.03Ba0.02} with Z = 4. It seems unlikely that constituents in the {} belong to vigrishinite itself. The crystal structure of vigrishinite is an array of TS blocks (Titanium Silicate) connected via hydrogen bonds. The TS block consists of HOH sheets (H = heteropolyhedral and O = octahedral) parallel to (001). In the O sheet, the Ti-dominant MO(1,2) sites, Na-dominant MO(3) and □-dominant MO(4) sites give ideally Na□Ti2 pfu. In the H sheet, the Ti-dominant MH(1,2) sites, Zn-dominant AP(1) and vacant AP(2) sites give ideally Zn□Ti2 pfu. The MH and AP(1) polyhedra and Si2O7 groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal structural formula of vigrishinite of the form ${\rm A}_{\rm 2}^{P} {\rm M}_{\rm 2}^{\rm H} {\rm M}_{\rm 4}^{\rm O} $(Si2O7)2(${\rm X}_{\rm M}^{\rm O} $)2(${\rm X}_{\rm A}^{\rm O} $)2(${\rm X}_{{\rm M,A}}^{P} $)4 is Zn□Ti2Na□Ti2(Si2O7)2O2O(OH)(H2O)4. Vigrishinite is a Zn-bearing, Na-poor and OH-rich analogue of murmanite, ideally Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2O2(H2O)4. Murmanite and vigrishinite are related by the following substitution: H(${\rm Na}_{\rm 2}^{\rm +} $)mur + O(Na+)mur + O(O2–)mur ↔ H(Zn2+)vig + H(□)vig + O(□)vig + O[(OH)–]vig. The doubling of the t1 and t2 translations of vigrishinite compared to those of murmanite is due to the order of Zn and □ in the H sheet and Na and □ in the O sheet of vigrishinite.
MLL-AF9 leukemias are sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors combined with cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Maifrede Silvia , Martinez Esteban , Nieborowska-Skorska Margaret , Di Marcantonio Daniela , Hulse Michael , Le Bac Viet , Zhao Huaqing , Piwocka Katarzyna , Tempera Italo , Sykes Stephen M. , Skorski Tomasz 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
PARP1 is required for the maintenance of MLL-AF9 leukemias. PARP1 inhibitors enhance the therapeutic effect of cytotoxic drugs against MLL-AF9 leukemias.
Pension schemes and labor supply in the formal and informal sector
Authors: Ceni Rodrigo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the participation path of workers in the formal and informal sectors throughout their lives and their pension eligibilities, as well as how the social security scheme can change the aforementioned participation path. High levels of informality have impacts on the benefits that workers receive, especially their pension benefits. I use Argentinean panel data from 1995 to 2008 to construct a structural discrete choice model which estimates the population’s labor path and their pension eligibilities. I find evidence that low-educated workers have difficulties to obtain a pension by the age of 65 and even by age 70. Policy experiments show that if the parameters are fixed as in the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model, there is a slight reduction in the years worked in the formal sector and the percentage of workers who obtain a Full pension. If the pension requirements (minimum age and years contributing) are stricter, there is an increase in the years spent in the formal sector but it is not sufficient to achieve the benchmark level of pension coverage. If the requirements are looser, there is a reduction in the amount of time spent in formality to contribute up to the new threshold.
Measuring links between labor monopsony and the gender pay gap in Brazil
Authors: Vick Brandon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on gender differences in job mobility and earnings for workers in Brazil. Monopsony theory suggests a link between the wage elasticity of labor supply and wage penalties. Should one group of workers be less elastic in their supply choices, that group is predicted to earn less than others. To measure wage elasticity, I estimate a hazard model on voluntary job separations using theRAIS, a linked employer-employee dataset that captures formal-sector workers’ job durations over time. Four models are specified and point to significant gender differences. Across the models, male elasticity ranges from 1.638 to 2.175 while female elasticity ranges from 1.22 to 1.502. The female wage penalty predicted by these elasticity differences ranges from 11.4 to 20.5%, compared to an actual gender wage difference of 16.4%. Results of higher male elasticity are robust to the use of a more parsimonious specification, a discrete-time approach, the use of job spell data for a single year, and disaggregation by region. I extend the model through decomposition methods to help clarify the association between earnings, job separations, and elasticity.