bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF (3,3‐(PH3P)2‐3‐H‐4‐(POLYSTYRYLMETHYL)‐3,1,2‐RHC2B9H10). A POLYMER‐BOUND METALLOCARBORANE CATALYST
Authors: SOSINSKY B. A. , KALB W. C. , GREY R. A. , USKI V. A. , HAWTHORNE M. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Dicarbolliddianions (I) mit dem chlormethylierten Polystyrolpolymer (II) in Gegenwart des Kronenäthers liefert das in B‐9‐alkylierte Derivat (III), das als Na‐ oder K‐Salz isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF LOW‐VALENT METAL COMPLEX
Authors: SMART L. E. , BROWNING J. , GREEN M. , LAGUNA A. , SPENCER J. L. , GORDON F. , STONE A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBis‐[cyclooctadien( 1 ,5)]‐Pt (I) setzt sich mit Hexafluorbutin‐(2) zu dem Pt(II)‐Komplex (III) um, der mit weiterem Butin den Dreikernkomplex (IV) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATED SUGARS. PART 21. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DEOXY‐D‐MANNO‐ AND 3‐DEOXY‐D‐GLUCO‐OCT‐2‐ULOSONIC ACID 5‐(DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATES)
Authors: SARFATI R. S. , MONDANGE M. , SZABO L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (IVa) und (IVb) werden durch basen‐katalysierte Kondensation der nach aufgezeigtem Schema aus dem Benzyl‐β‐D‐arabinosid (I) dargestellten 2‐O‐Phosphoryl‐D‐arabinose (II) mit Oxalessigsäure (III) synthetisiert, als Trilithium‐Salze isoliert und mittels Ionenaustauscherchromatographie getrennt.
ChemInform Abstract: ICACINE, A NEW DITERPENE ALKALOID FROM ICACINA GUSSFELDTII
Authors: ON'OKOKO P. , HANS M. , COLAU B. , HOOTELE C. , DECLERCQ J. P. , GERMAIN G. , VAN MEERSSCHE M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Struktur des neu isolierten Alkaloids (I) wurde durch Röntgenbeugungsanalyse bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF PHOSPHORYLATION. V. 8‐QUINOLYL DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AS A PHOSPHORYLATING REAGENT IN NUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: TAKAKU H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Phosphorylierung von Nucleosiden (II) mit 8‐Chinolyldihydrogenphosphat (I), dessen Synthese beschrieben wird, in Gegenwart von Kupfer(II)‐chlorid in wasserfreiem Pyridin erhält man in 59 ‐ 76%iger Ausbeute die Nucleosid‐5′‐phosphate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE O‐BENZOYLATION IN AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: SAEKI H. , HAYASHI T. , SHIMADA Y. , TAKEDA N. , OHKI E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Benzoylierung des Butirosin A‐Derivates (Ia) mit Benzoylchlorid in wäßrigem Aceton in Gegenwart von K2CO3 entsteht in 95%iger Ausbeute das Dibenzoat (Ib), das sich ′mit 1,1‐Dimethoxycyclohexan direkt zum Di‐O‐cyclohexylidenderivat (Ic) umsetzen läßt. Verseifung dieser Verbindung führt in guter Ausbeute zum Butirosin A‐Derivat (Id).
ChemInform Abstract: DEOXYSUGAR SYNTHESIS. III. REMOVAL OF VICINAL MESYLOXY GROUPS WITH NAPHTHALENE‐SODIUM
Authors: HAYASHI T. , TAKEDA N. , SAEKI H. , OHKI E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Behandlung der 3,4‐Dimesylate (I) von N‐geschützten 2,6‐Diamino‐ 2,6‐dideoxy‐a‐D‐glykosiden mit Naphthalin‐natrium entstehen in guter Ausbeute die 3‐En‐Verbindungen (II).
Given What I Know: Seeing the Past as a Portal to an Intentional Future
Authors: Clauss‐Ehlers Caroline S. , Parham William D. 
Published: April 2016

Dr. Terrence Roberts is our second guest for the Hearing Our Elders series. Dr. Roberts is one of the Little Rock Nine, the first group of African American students to attend Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Interview segments are woven into the article, providing a historical and political context from which to understand the current national climate with regard to social justice and multicultural responsiveness. Dr. Roberts's interview revealed 6 critical themes: resilience, understanding context in the face of the status quo, reimagining language, choice as key to good mental health, use of the self as an intervention tool, and the importance of being historical in one's thinking. Intentionality is identified as a metatheme that asks the question of where one falls on the status quo versus change agent continuum.Dr. Terrence Roberts es nuestro segundo invitado en la serie Escuchar a Nuestros Mayores. El Dr. Roberts es uno de los Little Rock Nine, el primer grupo de estudiantes afroamericanos que estudiaron en la escuela Little Rock Central High School en 1957. Se insertan fragmentos de la entrevista en el artículo, lo que proporciona un contexto histórico y político desde el que se puede comprender el clima nacional actual respecto a la justicia social y la sensibilidad multicultural. La entrevista con el Dr. Roberts reveló 6 temas críticos: la resiliencia, comprender el contexto frente al status quo, reimaginar el lenguaje, la capacidad de elección como clave para una buena salud mental, el uso del autoconcepto como herramienta de intervención y la importancia de ser histórico en el pensamiento personal. La intencionalidad se identifica como un metatema que formula la pregunta de dónde se sitúa uno mismo a lo largo del continuo entre status quo y agente de cambio.
Evaluation of Service‐Learning‐Infused Courses With Refugee Families
Authors: Midgett Aida , Doumas Diana M. 
Published: April 2016

This study evaluated the impact of service‐learning‐infused courses on multicultural competence and social justice advocacy skills among counseling students. The project, in which students acted as job coaches for refugee families, was integrated into 1st‐ and 2nd‐year counseling courses. Results indicated an increase in multicultural knowledge and advocacy skills, with greater changes reported among 1st‐year students. Implications for counselor training, including placement of service‐learning projects within the counseling curriculum, are discussed.Este estudio evaluó el impacto de cursos con elementos de aprendizaje por medio del servicio en la competencia multicultural y las habilidades de defensoría de justicia social entre estudiantes de consejería. El projecto, en el cual los estudiantes proporcionaron orientación laboral a familias de refugiados, estaba integrado en cursos de consejería de primer y segundo año. Los resultados indicaron un aumento del conocimiento multicultural y las habilidades de defensoría, con mayores cambios comunicados por los estudiantes de primer año. Se discuten las implicaciones para la formación de consejeros, incluyendo la inserción de projectos de aprendizaje por medio del servicio en el currículum de consejería.
Application of genetics and genomics to wildlife epidemiology
Authors: Blanchong Julie A. , Robinson Stacie J. , Samuel Michael D. , Foster Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWildlife diseases can have significant impacts on wildlife conservation and management. Many of the pathogens that affect wildlife also have important implications for domestic animal and human health. However, management interventions to prevent or control wildlife disease are hampered by uncertainties about the complex interactions between pathogens and free‐ranging wildlife. We often lack crucial knowledge about host ecology, pathogen characteristics, and host–pathogen dynamics. The purpose of this review is to familiarize wildlife biologists and managers with the application of genetic and genomic methodologies for investigating pathogen and host biology to better understand and manage wildlife diseases. The genesis of this review was a symposium at the 2013 annual Wildlife Society Conference. We reviewed the scientific literature and used our personal experiences to identify studies that illustrate the application of genetic and genomic methods to advance our understanding of wildlife epidemiology, focusing on recent research, new techniques, and innovative approaches. Using examples from a variety of pathogen types and a broad array of vertebrate taxa, we describe how genetics and genomics can provide tools to detect and characterize pathogens, uncover routes of disease transmission and spread, shed light on the ways that disease susceptibility is influenced by both host and pathogen attributes, and elucidate the impacts of disease on wildlife populations. Genetic and increasingly genomic methodologies will continue to contribute important insights into pathogen and host biology that will aid efforts to assess and mitigate the impacts of wildlife diseases on global health and conservation of biodiversity. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Femtosecond Lasers in Ophthalmology
Authors: Matthias Ben , Krüger Alexander , Ripken Tammo , Oberheide Uwe , Lubatschowski Holger 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPresbyopia is the most common visual defect of the human eye. Beginning with the age of 45 years, most people lose the ability to focus on near objects due to the loss of accommodation ability of the crystalline lens. Within the research network IKARUS, a femtosecond laser system has been realized, which is able to generate microscopic sliding into the crystalline lens, to restore the accommodative capacity of the eye. The surgical procedure only takes a few seconds and is non‐invasive. As a consequence, there is no risk of infection for the patient and the pro cedure can be carried out in non‐sterile environment. In addition, other clinical applications with extremely high market potential were evaluated in the context of ex vivo investigations. It could be shown that, using adaptive optics, it is possible to create precise cuts even in the posterior segment of the eye (retina) and thus open up a multitude of new treatment options.
Optical Diffraction Gratings for Spectroscopic Instruments
Authors: Triebel Peter , Moeller Tobias , Diehl Torsten , Burkhardt Matthias , Erdmann Lars , Gatto Alexandre 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDiffraction gratings are an essential part of a spectrometer. The optical properties of a grating with respect to high grating efficiency, low polarization sensitivity and low stray light level improve the signal to noise ratio and the spectral resolution of a spectrometer, thus enabling further applications of spectroscopy. The production of gratings with a highest level of optical performance is therefore a prerequisite for high‐resolution spectrometers. The complete process of grating production is established on an industrial scale based on holography or mechanical ruling, the subsequent step of replication will be used for the production of higher quantities.
Monitoring High Temperatures in Industrial Applications
Authors: Schiewe Christian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractState of the art IR cameras in the near infrared spectral range for monitoring high temperatures in industrial applications are characterized by a number of small measurement ranges. Scenes with a high temperature contrast require several measures switching between these ranges and result in pictures with under‐ or overexposed parts, respectively.New developed high temperature IR cameras with high‐dynamic silicon detectors are using a spectral range in the near infrared and a very special signal processing. A continuous temperature measurement range from 600 up to 1,500 °C or optional 1,400 to 3,000 °C is realized with a resolution of 512 × 384 or 768 × 576 pixels and a measuring frequency of 60 or 50 Hz. Using a InGaAs high‐dynamic detector with 320 × 256 pixels, a continuous temperature measurement range from 300 to 1,200 °C is realized (measuring frequency 100 Hz). Each resulting image contains the full dynamic range and is transmitted via a Gigabit‐Ethernet interface in real time.
Get the Picture!
Authors: Briggs Stephan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe power of today's high‐resolution fluorescence imaging brings new capabilities to bear on everything from serum analysis to water quality inspection. Fluorescence filter cubes help scientists and engineers develop and create powerful new systems. Tight control over chromatic bands and optical wavefront, coupled with infinity‐corrected optical train design, brings unprecedented interchangeability and performance to new form factors for analytical instrumentation.
Two‐Photon Polymerization — A Versatile Microfabrication Tool
Authors: Niesler Fabian , Hermatschweiler Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWith additive manufacturing entering the consumer market and exciting the stock market, “3D printing” has become fashionable in society. Freedom in design as well as easy workflows are positive attributes associated with this umbrella terminology for a variety of fabrication techniques. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, gives designers previously unknown flexibilities and eliminates one of the most cost‐, time‐ and labour‐intensive stages of the product development process in industrial manufacturing, the production of tools. 3D printing is more precise, faster and mostly less expensive than traditional forms of manufacturing, especially in respect of rapid prototyping of individual parts. 3D objects of almost any shape can be printed from a virtual model in a variety of materials.
Impact of varying outcomes and definitions of suicidality on the associations of antiepileptic drugs and suicidality: comparisons from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Danish national registries (DNR)
Authors: Schuerch Markus , Gasse Christiane , Robinson Noah Jamie , Alvarez Yolanda , Walls Robert , Mors Ole , Christensen Jakob , Hesse Ulrik , de Groot Mark , Schlienger Raymond , Reynolds Robert , Klungel Olaf , de Vries Frank 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of the different outcomes and definitions of suicidality on the association between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and suicidality.MethodsRetrospective cohort studies of selected AEDs (carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenytoin, pregabalin, topiramate and valproate) using data from UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) alone and linked to UK Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and UK Office of National Statistics (ONS), and from Danish national registries (DNR). Follow‐up started at initiation of one of the study AEDs, divided into exposure periods, a maximum 90‐day post‐exposure period, and the reference period starting the day after the 90‐day post‐exposure period ended. Primary outcomes were completed suicide (SUI)/suicide attempt (SA) for CPRD and SUI/deliberate self‐harm (DSH) for DNR. We applied adjusted Cox regression analyses and sensitivity analyses with varying outcome definitions.ResultsWe analyzed 84 524 AED users from CPRD‐HES‐ONS (1188 SUI/SA; 96 SUI) and 258 180 users from DNR (7561 SUI/DSH; 781 SUI). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) on SUI/SA ranged between 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–2.00) for lamotrigine and 2.7 (1.24–5.81) for phenytoin in CPRD‐HES‐ONS, and between 0.9 (0.78–1.00) for valproate and 1.8 (1.10–3.07) for phenytoin on SUI/DSH in DNR. HRs for the primary outcomes varied consistently across exposure periods and data sources. HRs for SUI were in general lower, more stable and similar for periods of exposure and the 90‐day post‐exposure period.ConclusionApplying different outcomes and definitions of suicidality had an impact on the relative risks of suicidality associated with the investigated AEDs with results for SUI being most consistent and reliable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐centre, multi‐database studies with common protocols: lessons learnt from the IMI PROTECT project
Authors: Klungel Olaf H. , Kurz Xavier , de Groot Mark C. H. , Schlienger Raymond G. , Tcherny‐Lessenot Stephanie , Grimaldi Lamiae , Ibáñez Luisa , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Reynolds Robert F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of a variety of methodological parameters on the association between six drug classes and five key adverse events in multiple databases.MethodsThe selection of Drug–Adverse Event pairs was based on public health impact, regulatory relevance, and the possibility to study a broad range of methodological issues. Common protocols and data analytical specifications were jointly developed and independently and blindly executed in different databases in Europe with replications in the same and different databases.ResultsThe association between antibiotics and acute liver injury, benzodiazepines and hip fracture, antidepressants and hip fracture, inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and acute myocardial infarction was consistent in direction across multiple designs, databases and methods to control for confounding. Some variation in magnitude of the associations was observed depending on design, exposure and outcome definitions, but none of the differences were statistically significant. The association between anti‐epileptics and suicidality was inconsistent across the UK CPRD, Danish National registries and the French PGRx system. Calcium channel blockers were not associated with the risk of cancer in the UK CPRD, and this was consistent across different classes of calcium channel blockers, cumulative durations of use up to >10 years and different types of cancer.ConclusionsA network for observational drug effect studies allowing the execution of common protocols in multiple databases was created. Increased consistency of findings across multiple designs and databases in different countries will increase confidence in findings from observational drug research and benefit/risk assessment of medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modifying the tumor microenvironment using nanoparticle therapeutics
Authors: Roy Aniruddha , Li Shyh‐Dar 
Published: April 2016

Treatment of cancer has come a long way from the initial ‘radical surgeries’ to the multimodality treatments. For the major part of the last century, cancer was considered as a monocellular disorder, and treatment strategies were designed according to that hypothesis. However, the mortality rate from cancer continued to be high and a comprehensive treatment remained elusive. Recent progress in research has demonstrated that tumors are a complex network of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic cells. The non‐neoplastic cells, which are collectively called stroma, assist in tumor survival and progression. It has been shown that disrupting the tumor‐stromal balance leads to significant effects on the tumor survival, and effective treatment can be achieved by targeting one or more of the stromal components. In this review, we summarize the roles of various stromal components in promoting tumor progression, and discuss innovative nanoparticle‐mediated drug targeting strategies for stromal depletion and the subsequent effects on the tumors. Perspectives and the future directions are also provided. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:891–908. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1406This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
The Prevalence of Incidentally Detected Idiopathic Misty Mesentery on Multidetector Computed Tomography: Can Obesity be the Triggering Cause?
Authors: Unlu Ebru , Okur Nazan , Acay Mehtap Beker , Kacar Emre , Ozdinc Serife , Balcik Cinar , Tokgoz Ozlem Turksoy 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Misty mesentery appearance is commonly reported in daily practice, usually as a secondary finding of various pathological entities, but sometimes it is encountered as an isolated finding that cannot be attributed to any other disease entity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cases with incidentally detected idiopathic misty mesentery on computed tomography (CT) and to summarize the pathologies leading to this appearance. Methods Medical records and initial and follow-up CT features of patients with misty mesentery appearance between January 2011 and January 2013 were analysed. The study included cases with no known cause of misty mesentery according to associated CT findings, clinical history, or biochemical manifestations, and excluded patients with diseases known to cause misty mesentery, lymph nodes greater than a short-axis diameter of 5 mm, discrete mesenteric masses, or bowel wall thickening. Results There were a total of 561 patients in whom misty mesentery appearance was depicted on abdominopelvic CT scans. A total of 80 cases were found to have isolated incidental idiopathic misty mesentery, giving a prevalence of 7%. The common indication for CT examination was abdominal pain. There was a slight female predominance (51.3%). 67.5% of all patients were classified as obese and 17.5% as overweight. Conclusions The results of the present study show that idiopathic incidental misty mesentery appearance has a significant prevalence. Also, the high body mass index of these patients and the growing evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue are suggestive of an association between obesity and misty mesentery appearance on CT.
Wolbachiaconfers sex-specific resistance and tolerance to enteric but not systemic bacterial infection inDrosophila
Authors: Vasanthakrishnan Radhakrishnan B. , Vanika Gupta , Siva-Jothy Jonathon , Monteith Katy M. , Brown Sam P. , Vale Pedro F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWolbachia-mediatedprotection against viral infection has been extensively demonstrated inDrosophilaand in mosquitoes that are artificially inoculatedwith D. melanogaster Wolbachia(wMel), but to date no evidence forWolbachia-mediated antibacterial protection has been demonstrated inDrosophila.Here we show thatD. melanogastercarrying wMel shows reduced mortality during enteric – but not systemic - infection with the opportunist pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa, and that protection is more pronounced in male flies.Wolbachia-mediatedprotection is associated with increased early expression of the antimicrobial peptideattacinA, followed by increased expression of a ROS detoxification gene (gstD8), and other tissue damage repair genes which together contribute to greater host resistance and disease tolerance. These results highlight that the route of infection is important for symbiont-mediated protection from infection, thatWolbachiacan protect hosts by eliciting a combination of resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms, and that these effects are sexually dimorphic.
The evolution of mutual mate choice under direct benefits
Authors: Courtiol Alexandre , Etienne Loïc , Feron Romain , Godelle Bernard , Rousset François 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn nature, the intensity of mate choice (i.e., choosiness) is highly variable within and between sexes. Despite growing empirical evidence showing male and/or mutual mate choice, theoretical investigations of the joint evolution of female and male choosiness are few. In addition, previous approaches have often assumed an absence of trade-off between the direct benefits per mating and the lower mating rate that results from being choosy. Here, we model the joint evolution of female and male choosiness when it is solely ruled by this fundamental trade-off. We show that this trade-off can generate a diversity of stable combinations of choosiness. Mutual mate choice can only evolve if both females and males exhibit long latency after mating. Further, we show that an increase in choosiness in one sex does not necessarily prevent the evolution of mutual mate choice: the outcome depends on details of the life history, the decision rule for mate choice, and how the fecundity of a pair is shaped by the quality of both individuals. Lastly, we discuss the power of the sensitivity of the relative searching time (i.e., of the proportion of lifetime spent searching for mates) as a predictor of the joint evolution of choosiness.