bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of biocompatible polycaprolactone/poly (l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffolds with and without microgrooves for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Alvim Valente Cristhiane , Cesar Chagastelles Pedro , Fontana Nicoletti Natália , Ramos Garcez Giovanna , Sgarioni Bruna , Herrmann Fábio , Pesenatto Gustavo , Goldani Eduardo , Zanini Mara Lise , Campos Maria Martha , Meurer Papaléo Ricardo , Braga da Silva Jefferson , de Souza Basso Nara Regina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of smooth and microgrooved membrane blends, with different polycaprolactone (PCL)/ poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) ratios on the viability, proliferation, and adhesion of different mammalian cell types. The polymer matrices with and without microgrooves, obtained by solvent casting, were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle and Young's modulus. Blend characterization showed an increase in roughness and stiffness of membranes with 30% PLGA, without any effect on the contact angle value. Pure PCL significantly decreased the viability of Vero, HaCaT, RAW 264.7, and human fetal lung and gingival fibroblast cells, whereas addition of increasing concentrations of PLGA led to a reduced cytotoxicity. Increased proliferation rates were observed for all cell lines. Fibroblasts adhered efficiently to smooth membranes of the PCL70/PLGA30 blend and pure PLGA, compared to pure PCL and silicone. Microgrooved membranes promoted similar cell adhesion for all groups. Microstructured membranes (15 and 20‐μm wide grooves) promoted suitable orientation of fibroblasts in both PCL70/PLGA30 and pure PLGA, as compared to pure PCL. Neuronal cells of the dorsal root ganglion exhibited an oriented adhesion to all the tested microgrooved membranes. Data suggest a satisfactory safety profile for the microgrooved PCL70/PLGA30 blend, pointing out this polymer combination as a promising biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration when cell orientation is required. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1522–1534, 2018.
Silibinin protects human endothelial cells from high glucose‐induced injury by enhancing autophagic response
Authors: Rezabakhsh Aysa , Fathi Farzaneh , Bagheri Hesam Saghaei , Malekinejad Hassan , Montaseri Azadeh , Rahbarghazi Reza , Garjani Alireza 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSilibin, a flavonoid from the seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) has been reported to produce curative properties in diabetes. Autophagy is generated by a vast array of insults for removal of damaged proteins and organelles from the cell. Inadequate autophagy promotes endothelial cells dysfunction and delays in diabetic ulcers recovery. We hypothesized that silibinin could protect endothelial cells against high glucose‐induced damage by engaging autophagic responses. HUVECs viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The Griess method and TBARS assay were used to monitor changes in the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, respectively. ROS generation was recorded in DCFDA‐stained cells analyzed by flow cytometry. To investigate the role of silibinin on migration, we used scratch test. The level of autophagy proteins LC3, Becline‐1, and P62 were measured by Western blotting. Our data showed that silibinin had potential to increase cell survival after exposure to high glucose condition. Total levels of oxidative stress markers were profoundly reduced and the activity of GSH was increased by silibinin. High glucose suppressed HUVECs migration to the scratched area. However, a significant increase in cell migration was observed after exposure to silibinin. Autophagy was blocked at the late stage by high glucose concentration and silibinin initiated an autophagic response by reducing P62 and enhancing Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II‐LC3‐I ratio. These effects were blocked by autophagy inhibitor of 3‐Methyladenine. These observations suggest that silibinin could protect HUVECs from high glucose induced‐damage possibly by activation of autophagy pathway.
Separation dimension and sparsity
Authors: Alon Noga , Basavaraju Manu , Chandran L. Sunil , Mathew Rogers , Rajendraprasad Deepak 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe separation dimension of a hypergraph G is the smallest natural number k for which the vertices of G can be embedded in so that any pair of disjoint edges in G can be separated by a hyperplane normal to one of the axes. Equivalently, it is the cardinality of a smallest family of total orders of , such that for any two disjoint edges of G, there exists at least one total order in in which all the vertices in one edge precede those in the other. Separation dimension is a monotone parameter; adding more edges cannot reduce the separation dimension of a hypergraph. In this article, we discuss the influence of separation dimension and edge‐density of a graph on one another. On one hand, we show that the maximum separation dimension of a k‐degenerate graph on n vertices is and that there exists a family of 2‐degenerate graphs with separation dimension . On the other hand, we show that graphs with bounded separation dimension cannot be very dense. Quantitatively, we prove that n‐vertex graphs with separation dimension s have at most edges. We do not believe that this bound is optimal and give a question and a remark on the optimal bound.
The evolution of HIV-1 entry phenotypes as a guide to changing target cells
Authors: Joseph Sarah B , Swanstrom Ronald 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Through a twist of fate the most common form of HIV-1, as defined by entry phenotype, was not appreciated until recently. The entry phenotype is closely linked to the target cell and thus to virus–host interactions and pathogenesis. The most abundant form of HIV-1 uses CCR5 as the coreceptor and requires a high density of CD4 for efficient entry, defining its target cell as the CD4+ memory T cell. This is the transmitted form of the virus, the form that is found in the blood, and the form that rebounds from the latent reservoir. When CD4+/CCR5+ T cells become limiting the virus evolves to use alternative target cells to support viral replication. In the CNS, the virus can evolve to use a cell that displays only a low density of CD4, while maintaining the use of CCR5 as the coreceptor. When this evolutionary variant evolves, it must be sustaining its replication in either macrophages or microglial cells, which display only a low density of CD4 relative to that on T cells. In the blood and lymphoid system, the major switch late in disease is from T cells expressing CD4 and CCR5 to T cells expressing CD4 and CXCR4, with a change in coreceptor specificity. Thus the virus responds in two different ways to different environments when its preferred target cell becomes limiting.
SALMFamide2 and serotonin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of some acoels (Xenacoelomorpha)
Authors: Dittmann Isabel L. , Zauchner Thomas , Nevard Lucy M. , Telford Maximilian J. , Egger Bernhard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAcoel worms are simple, often microscopic animals with direct development, a multiciliated epidermis, a statocyst, and a digestive parenchyma instead of a gut epithelium. Morphological characters of acoels have been notoriously difficult to interpret due to their relative scarcity. The nervous system is one of the most accessible and widely used comparative features in acoels, which have a so‐called commissural brain without capsule and several major longitudinal neurite bundles. Here, we use the selective binding properties of a neuropeptide antibody raised in echinoderms (SALMFamide2, or S2), and a commercial antibody against serotonin (5‐HT) to provide additional characters of the acoel nervous system. We have prepared whole‐mount immunofluorescent stainings of three acoel species: Symsagittifera psammophila (Convolutidae), Aphanostoma pisae, and the model acoel Isodiametra pulchra (both Isodiametridae). The commissural brain of all three acoels is delimited anteriorly by the ventral anterior commissure, and posteriorly by the dorsal posterior commissure. The dorsal anterior commissure is situated between the ventral anterior commissure and the dorsal posterior commissure, while the statocyst lies between dorsal anterior and dorsal posterior commissure. S2 and serotonin do not co‐localise, and they follow similar patterns to each other within an animal. In particular, S2, but not 5‐HT, stains a prominent commissure posterior to the main (dorsal) posterior commissure. We have for the first time observed a closed posterior loop of the main neurite bundles in S. psammophila for both the amidergic and the serotonergic nervous system. In I. pulchra, the lateral neurite bundles also form a posterior loop in our serotonergic nervous system stainings.
Values exchange: using online technology to raise awareness of values and ethics in radiography education
Authors: Mc Inerney John , Lees Amanda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionEthics and values are increasingly significant aspects of patient‐centred healthcare. While it is widely agreed that ethics and values are essential for healthcare delivery, there is also an acknowledgement that these are areas that are challenging to teach. The purpose of this study is to report a small‐scale evaluative research project of a web‐based technology with the educational potential to facilitate learning in relation to ethics, values, self‐reflection and peer‐based learning.MethodsFive diagnostic radiography students took part in a semi‐structured focus group with the aim of exploring their experiences of using Values Exchange, an online ethical decision‐making framework, to examine practice‐based ethical issues. Transcripts were interrogated for key themes.ResultsFrom the thematic analysis three major themes emerged, understanding and appreciating others, addressing the theory‐practice gap and delivering a safe and effective learning environment.Perceived limitations of the platform included students' fear of misinterpreted responses and possibility of poor group dynamics.ConclusionsThere are varied approaches to how ethics and values are taught and assessed within health‐related environments. Values Exchange is one such teaching tool and has been investigated and described positively by radiography students in this study. Online teaching tools can have a positive effect in helping students identify their own values but require skilled implementation to reap positive rewards.
Estimating symbiotic N2 fixation in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Marron Nicolas , Gana Cécilia , Gérant Dominique , Maillard Pascale , Priault Pierrick , Epron Daniel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEstimating symbiotic di‐nitrogen (N2) fixation is challenging, especially when working with woody N2 fixers in field trials. Fortunately, isotope methods based on 15N natural abundance or on 15N artificial enrichment (dilution method) make it possible to estimate the proportion of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) in N2‐fixing species. These methods have been extensively used in the field for herbaceous species, much less for tree species such as alder and acacia, and rarely for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). The objectives of this study were to characterize the fixation potential of black locust in a plantation by using the two 15N isotope methods in the field, and to document values of isotope fractionation occurring during N2 fixation (the B value). B values were estimated both by growing trees on an N‐free medium in controlled conditions (Blab) and by making Ndfa calculated with the natural abundance method converge with Ndfa calculated with the 15N dilution method in the field (Bfield). The two methods gave consistent estimates of the B value. B values ranging between –1.4 and –3.2‰ were found, varying with the age of the plant material. Up to 76% of the N in the black locust trees came from the atmosphere, representing more than 45 kg N ha−1 over five years and confirming that black locust may be well adapted to N‐poor soils.
GC‐MS olfactometric and LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS characterization of key odorants and phenolic compounds in black dry‐salted olives
Authors: Selli Serkan , Kelebek Hasim , Kesen Songul , Sonmezdag Ahmet Salih 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlives are processed in different ways depending on consumption habits, which vary between countries. Different de‐bittering methods affect the aroma and aroma‐active compounds of table olives. This study focused on analyzing the aroma and aroma‐active compounds of black dry‐salted olives using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC–MS‐O) techniques.RESULTSThirty‐nine volatile compounds which they have a total concentration of 29 459 µg kg−1, were determined. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was used to determine key aroma compounds of table olives. Based on the flavor dilution (FD) factor, the most powerful aroma‐active compounds in the sample were methyl‐2‐methyl butyrate (tropical, sweet; FD: 512) and (Z)‐3‐hexenol (green, flowery; FD: 256). Phenolic compounds in table olives were also analyzed by LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS. A total of 20 main phenolic compounds were identified and the highest content of phenolic compound was luteolin‐7‐glucoside (306 mg kg−1), followed by verbascoside (271 mg kg−1), oleuropein (231 mg kg−1), and hydroxytyrosol (3,4‐DHPEA) (221 mg kg−1).CONCLUSIONAlcohols, carboxylic acids, and lactones were qualitatively and quantitatively the dominant volatiles in black dry‐salted olives. Results indicated that esters and alcohols were the major aroma‐active compounds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Performance Among Children With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Segev Shira , Shorer Maayan , Peleg Tammy Pilowsky , Apter Alan , Fennig Silvana , Rassovsky Yuri 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are frequent sequelae after motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). These two pathologies often have overlapping neurocognitive deficits across several domains, such as attention, memory, and executive functions. The present study was an effort to examine the contribution of gender to these overlapping symptoms. To this end, psychodiagnostic and neuropsychological data were collected on 61 children and adolescents 3 months following MVA. All participants were diagnosed with PTSD, and about half (n = 33) also received a diagnosis of mTBI. Analyses of variance revealed significant interactions between gender and mTBI (), such that girls with mTBIs preformed significantly worse than noninjured girls on measures of executive functions (Cohen's d = 3.88) and sustained attention (Cohen's d = 3.24). Boys, on the other hand, did not differ significantly on any of those measures, irrespective of TBI injury status. Similarly, comparisons to the normative population revealed that, whereas boys showed impaired neurocognitive performances regardless of TBI status, impaired performances in girls were limited to those cases in which the girls were comorbid for PTSD and mTBI. It appears then that whereas PTSD alone might explain boys’ reduced neurocognitive performance, among girls the comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI is required to account for performance deficits.
Topiramate as Monotherapy or Adjunctive Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Varma Archana , Moore Michael B. , Miller Christopher W. T. , Himelhoch Seth 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and debilitating condition for which clinicians sometimes turn to anticonvulsants as a treatment for symptoms. This study was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) that have assessed the efficacy of topiramate as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, compared to placebo, for the treatment of PTSD in adults. Prescribers may be reluctant to turn to topiramate, given the commonly reported side effects of impaired cognition, sedation, fatigue, and headache. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Central databases for relevant trials. Five studies were identified as RCTs and thus met inclusion criteria; one additional nonpublished study was identified via phone contact with its authors. Of these six studies, one was excluded from the statistical meta‐analysis due to its high dropout rate (16 of 40 participants). One of these studies was excluded from a stratified analysis of symptom types because this subscale data were unavailable. For overall symptomatology, topiramate showed a medium, but not significant effect, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.55, p = .082. Topiramate showed a small and significant reduction of hyperarousal symptoms, SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.029, 0.689], p = .033. Topiramate did not significantly reduce reexperiencing symptoms, SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [−0.019, 0.597], p = .067, or avoidance symptoms, SMD = 0.20, 95% CI [−0.105, 0.509], p = .198. Results did not differ significantly between veteran and nonveteran subjects, or between topiramate as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy. Further studies on topiramate will clarify its role in PTSD treatment.
Telepresent Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma Examination Training Versus Traditional Training for Medical Students: A Simulation‐Based Pilot Study
Authors: Poland Scott , Frey Jennifer A. , Khobrani Ahmad , Ondrejka Jason E. , Ruhlin Michael U. , George Richard L. , Gothard M. David , Ahmed Rami A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTelepresent education is becoming an important modality in medical education, as it provides a means for instructors to lead education sessions via videoconferencing technologies. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of telepresent ultrasound training versus traditional in‐person ultrasound training.MethodsMedical student cohorts were educated by either traditional in‐person instruction or telementoring on how to perform a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination. Effectiveness was evaluated by pre– and post–multiple‐choice tests (knowledge), confidence surveys, and summative simulation scenarios (hands‐on FAST simulation). Formative simulation scenario debriefings were evaluated by each student using the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare student version (DASH‐SV).ResultsEach method of instruction had significant increases in knowledge, confidence, and hands‐on FAST simulation performance (P < .05). The collective increase in knowledge was greater for the in‐person group, whereas the improvement in FAST examination performance during simulations was greater for the telementored group. Confidence gains were comparable between the groups. The DASH‐SV scores were significantly higher for the in‐person group for each criterion; however, both methods were deemed effective via median scoring.ConclusionsTelepresent education is a viable option for teaching the FAST examination to medical students.
Combining human input with machine learning: A case study
Authors: Upshall Michael 
Published: February 2018

Key points
Publishers increasingly wish to create subject collections but need automated systems to carry this out in a cost‐effective fashion.
The capabilities of unsupervised machine‐based tools to create subject collections have improved dramatically.
Experts are still likely to find errors and exceptions in automated unsupervised content extractions and need ways to interact with semantic tools.
Many semi‐automated content solutions require highly skilled and expensive technical staff to develop and maintain them.
Karger's use of UNSILO's Package Manager appears to have improved efficiency and also fed back to UNSILO to help improve the product.
Carbon dioxide and methane emissions of Swedish low‐order streams—a national estimate and lessons learnt from more than a decade of observations
Authors: Wallin Marcus B. , Campeau Audrey , Audet Joachim , Bastviken David , Bishop Kevin , Kokic Jovana , Laudon Hjalmar , Lundin Erik , Löfgren Stefan , Natchimuthu Sivakiruthika , Sobek Sebastian , Teutschbein Claudia , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Grabs Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLow‐order streams are suggested to dominate the atmospheric CO2 source of all inland waters. Yet, many large‐scale stream estimates suffer from methods not designed for gas emission determination and rarely include other greenhouse gases such as CH4. Here, we present a compilation of directly measured CO2 and CH4 concentration data from Swedish low‐order streams (> 1600 observations across > 500 streams) covering large climatological and land‐use gradients. These data were combined with an empirically derived gas transfer model and the characteristics of a ca. 400,000 km stream network covering the entire country. The total stream CO2 and CH4 emission corresponded to 2.7 Tg C yr−1 (95% confidence interval: 2.0–3.7) of which the CH4 accounted for 0.7% (0.02 Tg C yr−1). The study highlights the importance of low‐order streams, as well as the critical need to better represent variability in emissions and stream areal extent to constrain future stream C emission estimates.
Supramolecular Stimuli‐Responsive Microgels Crosslinked by Tannic Acid
Authors: López Catalina Molano , Pich Andrij 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe application of biomolecules as building blocks is substantial for the design of bioinspired dynamic nanomaterials with tailored properties. In this communication, the facile synthesis of aqueous supramolecular temperature‐responsive microgels is reported using the natural polyphenol tannic acid (TA) as physical crosslinker. The precipitation polymerization of N‐vinylcaprolactam in the presence of this polyphenol leads to the formation of well‐defined microgels crosslinked by hydrogen bonds. A systematic variation of the tannic acid content leads to tailored microgel properties. The obtained microgels exhibit reversible temperature‐dependent swelling/deswelling and undergo pH‐triggered degradation in aqueous solutions.
Wave‐CAIPI ViSTa: highly accelerated whole‐brain direct myelin water imaging with zero‐padding reconstruction
Authors: Wu Zhe , Bilgic Berkin , He Hongjian , Tong Qiqi , Sun Yi , Du Yiping , Setsompop Kawin , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis study introduces a highly accelerated whole‐brain direct visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa) imaging using a wave controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) technique, for acquisition within a clinically acceptable scan time, with the preservation of high image quality and sufficient spatial resolution, and reduced residual point spread function artifacts.MethodsDouble inversion RF pulses were applied to preserve the signal from short T1 components for directly extracting myelin water signal in ViSTa imaging. A 2D simultaneous multislice and a 3D acquisition of ViSTa images incorporating wave‐encoding were used for data acquisition. Improvements brought by a zero‐padding method in wave‐CAIPI reconstruction were also investigated.ResultsThe zero‐padding method in wave‐CAIPI reconstruction reduced the root‐mean‐square errors between the wave‐encoded and Cartesian gradient echoes for all wave gradient configurations in simulation, and reduced the side‐main lobe intensity ratio from 34.5 to 16% in the thin‐slab in vivo ViSTa images. In a 4 × acceleration simultaneous‐multislice scenario, wave‐CAIPI ViSTa achieved negligible g‐factors (gmean/gmax = 1.03/1.10), while retaining minimal interslice artifacts. An 8 × accelerated acquisition of 3D wave‐CAIPI ViSTa imaging covering the whole brain with 1.1 × 1.1 × 3 mm3 voxel size was achieved within 15 minutes, and only incurred a small g‐factor penalty (gmean/gmax = 1.05/1.16).ConclusionWhole‐brain ViSTa images were obtained within 15 minutes with negligible g‐factor penalty by using wave‐CAIPI acquisition and zero‐padding reconstruction. The proposed zero‐padding method was shown to be effective in reducing residual point spread function for wave‐encoded images, particularly for ViSTa.