bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐SAF: Twitter sentiment analysis framework using a hybrid classification scheme
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Zubair , Kundi Fazal Masud , Ahmad Shakeel , Khan Aurangzeb , Khan Furqan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOf the many social media sites available, users prefer microblogging services such as Twitter to learn about product services, social events, and political trends. Twitter is considered an important source of information in sentiment analysis applications. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning‐based techniques for Twitter data analysis have been investigated in the last few years, often resulting in an incorrect classification of sentiments. In this paper, we focus on these issues and present a unified framework for classifying tweets using a hybrid classification scheme. The proposed method aims at improving the performance of Twitter‐based sentiment analysis systems by incorporating 4 classifiers: (a) a slang classifier, (b) an emoticon classifier, (c) the SentiWordNet classifier, and (d) an improved domain‐specific classifier. After applying the preprocessing steps, the input text is passed through the emoticon and slang classifiers. In the next stage, SentiWordNet‐based and domain‐specific classifiers are applied to classify the text more accurately. Finally, sentiment classification is performed at sentence and document levels. The findings revealed that the proposed method overcomes the limitations of previous methods by considering slang, emoticons, and domain‐specific terms.
Helping from home: Singaporean youth volunteers with migrant‐rights and human‐trafficking NGOs in Singapore
Authors: Yea Sallie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSocial science literature on development volunteering has mainly focused on the interstices between overseas travel experiences and organised placements, with a particular focus on youth. To date, this literature has not engaged with development volunteering that takes place within one's “home country” where subjects of helping are nonetheless racially and developmentally inscribed “Others”, such as refugee groups and exploited or trafficked migrants. This paper explores the motivations for and meanings of youth volunteering in development “at home”. The site for this examination is volunteers with NGOs oriented to migrant rights and human trafficking in Singapore. The paper makes a case for recognition of a more complicated geography of volunteering in development which is inclusive of development issues and subjects at home. Following this, the paper argues that this expression of development volunteering complicates existing characterisations, principally as volunteers express opposition to socially and state sanctioned discourses of service learning through development. Therefore, it is important to consider the political and social context of development volunteering to understand the motivations and meanings attached to development volunteering.
Determinants of Interest Rates on Time Deposits and Savings Accounts: Macro Factors, Bank Risk, and Account Features
Authors: Bikker Jacob A. , Gerritsen Dirk F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsing a novel dataset from the Netherlands' banking sector, we examine how macroeconomic, bank‐specific, and account‐specific characteristics affect the interest rates of banking products. Our results show that interest rates have become more sensitive to bank risk since the onset of the global financial crisis. More generally, we show that time deposits reflect more closely the economic environment than bank interest rates on savings accounts do. Interest rates on deposit products vary not only across, but also within banks (i.e., across account of individual banks). We find that maturity‐increasing conditions (i.e., withdrawal fees for savings accounts and product maturity for time deposits) positively influence a product's interest rate.
De Novo Bodies and EU Integration: What is the Story behind EU Agencies' Expansion?
Authors: Scipioni Marco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe contributions of EU agencies are significant components of the EU policy response to migration issues. The extent to which this has come to be in the context of migration, and the successive waves of policy and institutional reforms concerning these agencies in the last decade, pose several questions that the existing literature is only partially equipped to answer. This paper addresses this gap by charting the evolution of EU agencies through documentary analysis, reflecting on the meaning of this evolution for current trends in European integration as captured by the recent theorization on de novo bodies. Findings demonstrate that, far from being static entities, these bodies have constantly deepened their reach into the formation and application of migration policy, while posing no substantial erosion of the authority of the Commission. This incremental empowerment has created accountability issues from the beginning, many of which are still far from being resolved.
Prediabetes awareness among Southeastern European physicians
Authors: Kokic Visnja , Kokic Slaven , Krnic Mladen , Petric Marin , Liberati Ana Marija , Simac Petra , Milenkovic Tatjana , Capkun Vesna , Rahelic Dario , Blaslov Kristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionPrediabetes (PD) represents a transitional state where the glucose levels are higher than normal, but not enough for diabetes mellitus diagnosis. As there is a growing number of the population with PD, its early detection and treatment could prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. We aimed to assess the overall knowledge of PD among medical professionals of different varieties.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire‐based study addressing PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus knowledge among Southeastern European general practitioners, postgraduates, physicians and superior specialists was carried out.ResultsA total of 397 physicians completed the questionnaire. The total rate of correct answers from diabetologists, non‐diabetologist internists, residents and general practitioners was 69, 56.1, 54 and 53%, respectively. Questions related to the PD definition achieved a total of 46.6% correct answers. Correct responses considering the numerical definition of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance were 46.3 and 46.8%, respectively. Younger physicians had better knowledge of numerical values regarding PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus criteria (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe present results show that overall knowledge of PD is poor among Southeastern European physicians, which necessitates adequate educational programs on PD in this region.
The O‐ring theory of the firm
Authors: Rauh Michael T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe develop an O‐ring production function characterized by specialization and division of labor and where shirking or negative shocks can have major adverse consequences. We show that when the principal can monitor individual output, the firm tends be large (potentially larger than first best), with a high degree of specialization and division of labor, weak incentives, and low pay as in traditional nonunion manufacturing. Moral hazard can only limit the size of the firm relative to the first best when the principal can only monitor team output, in which case the firm has the opposite characteristics.
Factors Associated with Age of Diagnosis in Four Neurogenetic Syndromes
Authors: Reilly Colin , Murtagh Lelia , Senior Joyce 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: Early identification of developmental disabilities is advocated, so that affected children and families can be adequately supported. There is a lack of data on factors associated with earlier diagnosis in four of the most common neurogenetic syndromes. Aims: The aim was to identify the mean ages of diagnosis in four of the most common neurogenetic syndromes and identify factors associated with early diagnosis. Method: The parents of school‐aged children (4–19 years) with one of the four genetic syndromes (Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qdel)) in the UK and Ireland were surveyed and asked about age of diagnosis and the presence of a range of medical conditions. Findings: Mean age of diagnosis was lowest in Prader–Willi syndrome (0.47 years), and this was significantly lower than Fragile X syndrome (3.52 years), Williams syndrome (1.76 years), and 22qdel (3.21years) (all p < 0.001). Factors associated with diagnosis before 3 years in 22qdel included (1) the presence of a cardiac difficulty (OR 4.9 (95% CI 1.1–21.0)) (2) hearing difficulty (OR 2.5 (95% CI 2.01–70.8)), and (3) chronological age <12 years (OR 9.1 (95% CI 1.8–46.0)). The only factor significantly associated with diagnosis before 18 months in Williams syndrome was the presence of a cardiac difficulty (OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.1–8.3)). None of the assessed predictors was associated with a diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome before 3 years of age. Discussion: Mean age of diagnosis differed significantly in the four neurogenetic syndromes. While the presence of medical factors is likely to lead to earlier diagnosis in 22qdel and Williams syndrome, factors associated with earlier diagnosis in Fragile X syndrome were not identified. Delays in diagnosis could have significant implications with respect to understanding of children's needs and nature and level of support accessed by affected children and their families.
Risk management with weighted VaR
Authors: Wei Pengyu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article studies the optimal portfolio selection of expected utility‐maximizing investors who must also manage their market‐risk exposures. The risk is measured by a so‐called weighted value‐at‐risk (WVaR) risk measure, which is a generalization of both value‐at‐risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). The feasibility, well‐posedness, and existence of the optimal solution are examined. We obtain the optimal solution (when it exists) and show how risk measures change asset allocation patterns. In particular, we characterize three classes of risk measures: the first class will lead to models that do not admit an optimal solution, the second class can give rise to endogenous portfolio insurance, and the third class, which includes VaR and ES, two popular regulatory risk measures, will allow economic agents to engage in “regulatory capital arbitrage,” incurring larger losses when losses occur.
Shock metamorphism of planetary silicate rocks and sediments: Proposal for an updated classification system
Authors: Stöffler Dieter , Hamann Christopher , Metzler Knut 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe reevaluate the systematics and geologic setting of terrestrial, lunar, Martian, and asteroidal “impactites” resulting from single or multiple impacts. For impactites derived from silicate rocks and sediments, we propose a unified and updated system of progressive shock metamorphism. “Shock‐metamorphosed rocks” occur as lithic clasts or melt particles in proximal impactites at impact craters, and rarely in distal impactites. They represent a wide range of metamorphism, typically ranging from unshocked to shock melted. As the degree of shock metamorphism, at a given shock pressure, depends primarily on the mineralogical composition and the porosity of a rock or sediment sample, different shock classification systems are required for different types of planetary rocks and sediments. We define shock classification systems for eight rock and sediment classes which are assigned to three major groups of rocks and sediments (1) crystalline rocks with classes F, M, A, and U; (2) chondritic rocks (class C); and (3) sedimentary rocks and sediments with classes SR, SE, and RE. The abbreviations stand for felsic (F), mafic (M), anorthositic (A), ultramafic (U), sedimentary rocks (SR), unconsolidated sediments (SE), and regoliths (RE). In each class, the progressive stages of shock metamorphism are denominated S1 to Sx. These progressive shock stages are introduced as: S1–S7 for F, S1–S7 for M, S1–S6 for A, S1–S7 for U, S1–S7 for C, S1–S7 for SR, S1–S5 for SE, and S1–S6 for RE. S1 stands for “unshocked” and Sx (variable between S5 and S7) stands for “whole rock melting.” We propose a sequence of symbols characterizing the degree of shock metamorphism of a sample, i.e., F‐S1 to F‐S7 with the option to add the tabulated pressure ranges (in GPa) in parentheses.
Hydrothermally enhanced magnetization at the center of the Haughton impact structure?
Authors: Zylberman W. , Quesnel Y. , Rochette P. , Osinski G. R. , Marion C. , Gattacceca J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHaughton is a ~24 Myr old midsize (apparent diameter 23 km) complex impact structure located on Devon Island in Nunavut, Canada. The center of the structure shows a negative gravity anomaly of −12 mGal coupled to a localized positive magnetic field anomaly of ~900 nT. A field expedition in 2013 led to the acquisition of new ground magnetic field mapping and electrical resistivity data sets, as well as the first subsurface drill cores down to 13 m depth at the top of the magnetic field anomaly. Petrography, rock magnetic, and petrophysical measurements were performed on the cores and revealed two different types of clast‐rich polymict impactites: (1) a white hydrothermally altered impact melt rock, not previously observed at Haughton, and (2) a gray impact melt rock with no macroscopic sign of alteration. In the altered core, gypsum is present in macroscopic veins and in the form of intergranular selenite associated with colored and zoned carbonate clasts. This altered core has a natural remanent magnetization (NRM) four to five times higher than materials from the other core but the same magnetic susceptibility. Their magnetization is still higher than the surrounding crater‐fill impact melt rocks. X‐ray fluorescence data indicate a similar proportion of iron‐rich phases in both cores and an enrichment in silicates within the altered core. In addition, alternating‐field demagnetization results show that one main process remagnetized the rocks. These results support the hypothesis that intense and possibly localized post‐impact hydrothermal alteration enhanced the magnetization of the clast‐rich impact melt rocks by crystallization of magnetite within the center of the Haughton impact structure. Subsequent erosion was followed by in situ concentration in the subsurface leading to large magnetic gradient on surface.
Porous, S‐bearing silica in metal‐sulfide nodules and in the interchondrule clastic matrix in two EH3 chondrites
Authors: Lehner S. W. , Németh P. , Petaev M. I. , Buseck P. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo new occurrences of porous, S‐bearing, amorphous silica are described within metal‐sulfide nodules (MSN) and as interchondrule patches in EH3 chondrites SAH 97072 and ALH 84170. This porous amorphous material, which was first reported from sulfide‐bearing chondrules, consists of sinewy SiO2‐rich areas containing S with minor Na or Ca as well as Fe, Mg, and Al. Some pores contain minerals including pyrite, pyrrhotite, and anhydrite. Most pores appear vacant or contain unidentified material that is unstable under analytical conditions. Niningerite, olivine, enstatite, albite, and kumdykolite occur enclosed within porous silica patches. Porous silica is commonly interfingered with cristobalite suggesting its amorphous structure resulted from high‐temperature quenching. We interpret the S‐bearing porous silica to be a product of silicate sulfidation, and the Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Al detectable within this material are chemical residues of sulfidized silicates and metal. The occurrence of porous silica in the cores of MSN, which are considered to be pre‐accretionary objects, suggests the sulfidizing conditions occurred prior to final parent‐body solidification. Ubiquitous S‐bearing porous silica among sulfide‐bearing chondrules, MSN, and in the interchondrule clastic matrix, suggests that similar sulfidizing conditions affected all the constituents of these EH3 chondrites.
Young asteroid mixing revealed in ordinary chondrites: The case of NWA 5764, a polymict LL breccia with L clasts
Authors: Gattacceca Jérome , Krzesińska Agata M. , Marrocchi Yves , Meier Matthias M. M. , Bourot‐Denise Michèle , Lenssen Rob 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolymict chondritic breccias—rocks composed of fragments originating from different chondritic parent bodies—are of particular interest because they give insights into the mixing of asteroids in the main asteroid belt (occurrence, encounter velocity, transfer time). We describe Northwest Africa (NWA) 5764, a brecciated LL6 chondrite that contains a >16 cm3 L4 clast. The L clast was incorporated in the breccia through a nondestructive, low‐velocity impact. Identical cosmic‐ray exposure ages of the L clast and the LL host (36.6 ± 5.8 Myr), suggest a short transfer time of the L meteoroid to the LL parent body of 0.1 ± 8.1 Myr, if that meteoroid was no larger than a few meters. NWA 5764 (together with St. Mesmin, Dimmitt, and Glanerbrug) shows that effective mixing is possible between ordinary chondrite parent bodies. In NWA 5764 this mixing occurred after the peak of thermal metamorphism on the LL parent body, i.e., at least several tens of Myr after the formation of the solar system. The U,Th‐He ages of the L clast and LL host, identical at about 2.9 Ga, might date the final assembly of the breccia, indicating relatively young mixing in the main asteroid belt as previously evidenced in St. Mesmin.
The effects of a lipid‐based nutrient supplement and antiretroviral therapy in a randomized controlled trial on iron, copper, and zinc in milk from HIV‐infected Malawian mothers and associations with maternal and infant biomarkers
Authors: Hampel Daniela , Shahab‐Ferdows Setareh , Gertz Erik , Flax Valerie L. , Adair Linda S. , Bentley Margaret E. , Jamieson Denise J. , Tegha Gerald , Chasela Charles S. , Kamwendo Debbie , van der Horst Charles M. , Allen Lindsay H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe evaluated effects of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNSs) on iron, copper, and zinc in milk of exclusively breastfeeding HIV‐infected Malawian mothers and their correlations with maternal and infant biomarkers. Human milk and blood at 2, 6, and 24 weeks post‐partum and blood during pregnancy (≤30 weeks gestation) were collected from 535 mothers/infant‐pairs in the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study. The participants received ARV, LNS, ARV and LNS, or no intervention from 0 to 28 weeks post‐partum. ARVs negatively affected copper and zinc milk concentrations, but only at 2 weeks, whereas LNS had no effect. Among all treatment groups, approximately 80–90% of copper and zinc and <50% of iron concentrations met the current adequate intake for infants at 2 weeks and only 1–19% at 24 weeks. Pregnancy haemoglobin was negatively correlated with milk iron at 2 and 6 weeks (r = −.18, p < .02 for both). The associations of the milk minerals with each other were the strongest correlations observed (r = .11–.47, p < .05 for all); none were found with infant biomarkers. At 2 weeks, moderately anaemic women produced milk higher in iron when ferritin was higher or TfR lower. At 6 weeks, higher maternal α‐1‐acid glycoprotein and C‐reactive protein were associated with higher milk minerals in mildly anaemic women. Infant TfR was lower when milk mineral concentrations were higher at 6 weeks and when mothers were moderately anaemic during pregnancy. ARV affects copper and zinc milk concentrations in early lactation, and maternal haemoglobin during pregnancy and lactation could influence the association between milk minerals and maternal and infant iron status and biomarkers of inflammation.
Word onset phonetic properties and motor artifacts in speech production EEG recordings
Authors: Fargier Raphaël , Bürki Audrey , Pinet Svetlana , Alario F.‐Xavier , Laganaro Marina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectrophysiological research using verbal response paradigms faces the problem of muscle artifacts that occur during speech production or in the period preceding articulation. In this context, this paper has two related aims. The first is to show how the nature of the first phoneme influences the alignment of the ERPs. The second is to further characterize the EEG signal around the onset of articulation, both in temporal and frequency domains. Participants were asked to name aloud pictures of common objects. We applied microstate analyses and time‐frequency transformations of ERPs locked to vocal onset to compare the EEG signal between voiced and unvoiced labial plosive word onset consonants. We found a delay of about 40 ms in the set of stable topographic patterns for /b/ relative to /p/ onset words. A similar shift was observed in the power increase of gamma oscillations (30–50 Hz), which had an earlier onset for /p/ trials (∼150 ms before vocal onset). This 40‐ms shift is consistent with the length of the voiced proportion of the acoustic signal prior to the release of the closure in the vocal responses. These results demonstrate that phonetic features are an important parameter affecting response‐locked ERPs, and hence that the onset of the acoustic energy may not be an optimal trigger for synchronizing the EEG activity to the response in vocal paradigms. The indexes explored in this study provide a step forward in the characterization of muscle‐related artifacts in electrophysiological studies of speech and language production.
Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Latin America over the period 1990 ‐ 2015
Authors: Martorano Bruno 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLatin American countries experienced important changes in the 2000s. The implementation of fiscal reforms, public debt reduction and the high level of accumulated reserves gave them more policy space than in the past. As a result, Latin American countries were able to implement countercyclical policies to face the negative economic and social consequences associated with the recent macroeconomic shock. Some countries performed better than others. In particular, Social Democratic and Centrist governments enjoyed more fiscal space; they had realized larger budget surpluses over the good years and were able to cope with the crisis without impairing their fiscal conditions. Yet, Latin America has experienced a public finance deterioration in the most recent years. While governments are showing an increasing ability on taxation they are still facing some problems on the expenditure side. As a result, fiscal policy returned acyclical after the period of the crisis. The sustainability of public accounts may be strengthened increasing tax pressure on the richest, reducing tax evasion and improving current spending efficiency. However, the increasing political problems are putting many questions about future trends of public finance in the region.
Darlings and Orphans: Interactions across Donors in International Aid
Authors: Davies Ronald B. , Klasen Stephan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe examine how the bilateral aid flows from an individual donor to a recipient depend on the aid flows from all other bilateral and multilateral donors to that recipient. Thereby, we assess to what extent issues including donor coordination, free‐riding, selectivity, specialization, and common donor interests drive bilateral aid allocations. We find that others’ bilateral flows lead to a significant increase in aid flows from a particular donor, but primarily within a given year. The effects are particularly pronounced for large donors and so‐called “darling” recipients. Overall, the results suggest that herding is a dominant feature of aid inter‐relationships.