bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Birgunj, Nepal
Authors: Bhargava Dipak , Pandit Bijay Raj , Shidiki Amarullah , Gupta Ravi Shankar 
Published: October 2017

Urinary tract infection is the second most common infection following respiratory tract infection. Among the outdoor and the indoor patients it is one of the common clinical state of affairs. For the effective management of this common clinical condition isolation of the common bacterial uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity profile is obligatory. In this present brief work an effort has been made to isolate the common bacterial uropathogen and their susceptibility pattern to the regularly used antimicrobial agents. We carried out this work in the Microbiology department of National Medical College from June 2016 to December 2016. In our study beside clean catched mid stream urine sample, catheterized urine sample and suprapubic aspirates are also collected. In our study we included a total of 516 UTI samples of patients. In our work 319 (62%) culture positive urine samples were from outpatient patient department while 197 (38%) were from inpatient department. Among both the outdoor and the indoor patient E. coli was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella, Staphylococci, Enterococci and Pseudomonas. In our present work we found that the common bacterial isolates from the indoor patient showed higher degree resistance towards Aminopenicillin, Piperacillin, Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Common bacterial uropathogens were found to be sensitive against Norfloxacin, Nitrofurantoin and Cephalosporins like Cefuroxime and Ceftazidime. It has also been found that beside E. coli other bacterial uropathogens were effective against third generation Cepahalosporins and Amikacin. This study clearly denotes that antibiotic sensitivity test should be carried out for determination of optimal treatment regimen against UTI.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 74-77
Intraoperative test stimulation versus stereotactic accuracy as a surgical end point: a comparison of essential tremor outcomes after ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation
Authors: Chen Tsinsue , Mirzadeh Zaman , Chapple Kristina M. , Lambert Margaret , Evidente Virgilio G. H. , Moguel-Cobos Guillermo , Oravivattanakul Srivadee , Mahant Padma , Ponce Francisco A. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEVentral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor is traditionally performed with intraoperative test stimulation and conscious sedation, without general anesthesia (GA). Recently, the authors reported retrospective data on 17 patients undergoing DBS after induction of GA with standardized anatomical coordinates on T1-weighted MRI sequences used for indirect targeting. Here, they compare prospectively collected data from essential tremor patients undergoing DBS both with GA and without GA (non-GA).METHODSClinical outcomes were prospectively collected at baseline and 3-month follow-up for patients undergoing DBS surgery performed by a single surgeon. Stereotactic, euclidean, and radial errors of lead placement were calculated. Functional (activities of daily living), quality of life (Quality of Life in Essential Tremor [QUEST] questionnaire), and tremor severity outcomes were compared between groups.RESULTSFifty-six patients underwent surgery: 16 without GA (24 electrodes) and 40 with GA (66 electrodes). The mean baseline functional scores and QUEST summary indices were not different between groups (p = 0.91 and p = 0.59, respectively). Non-GA and GA groups did not differ significantly regarding mean postoperative percentages of functional improvement (non-GA, 47.9% vs GA, 48.1%; p = 0.96) or QUEST summary indices (non-GA, 79.9% vs GA, 74.8%; p = 0.50). Accuracy was comparable between groups (mean radial error 0.9 ± 0.3 mm for non-GA and 0.9 ± 0.4 mm for GA patients) (p = 0.75). The mean euclidean error was also similar between groups (non-GA, 1.1 ± 0.6 mm vs GA, 1.2 ± 0.5 mm; p = 0.92). No patient had an intraoperative complication, and the number of postoperative complications was not different between groups (non-GA, n = 1 vs GA, n = 10; p = 0.16).CONCLUSIONSDBS performed with the patient under GA to treat essential tremor is as safe and effective as traditional DBS surgery with intraoperative test stimulation while the patient is under conscious sedation without GA.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: long-term seizure outcome of patients primarily treated with transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: Dorfer Christian , Czech Thomas , Aull-Watschinger Susanne , Baumgartner Christoph , Jung Rebekka , Kasprian Gregor , Novak Klaus , Pirker Susanne , Seidl Birgit , Stefanits Harald , Trimmel Karin , Pataraia Ekaterina 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to present long-term seizure outcome data in a consecutive series of patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy primarily treated with transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE).METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data for all patients who had undergone resective surgery for medically refractory epilepsy at their institution between July 1994 and December 2014. Seizure outcome was assessed according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the Engel classifications.RESULTSThe authors performed an SAHE in 158 patients (78 males, 80 females; 73 right side, 85 left side) with a mean age of 37.1 ± 10.0 years at surgery. Four patients lost to follow-up and 1 patient who committed suicide were excluded from analysis. The mean follow-up period was 9.7 years. At the last available follow-up (or before reoperation), 68 patients (44.4%) had achieved an outcome classified as ILAE Class 1a, 46 patients (30.1%) Class 1, 6 patients (3.9%) Class 2, 16 patients (10.4%) Class 3, 15 patients (9.8%) Class 4, and 2 patients (1.3%) Class 5. These outcomes correspond to Engel Class I in 78.4% of the patients, Engel Class II in 10.5%, Engel Class III in 8.5%, and Engel Class IV in 2.0%. Eleven patients underwent a second surgery (anterior temporal lobectomy) after a mean of 4.4 years from the SAHE (left side in 6 patients, right side in 5). Eight (72.7%) of these 11 patients achieved seizure freedom.The overall ILEA seizure outcome since (re)operation after a mean follow-up of 10.0 years was Class 1a in 72 patients (47.0%), Class 1 in 50 patients (32.6%), Class 2 in 7 patients (4.6%), Class 3 in 15 patients (9.8%), Class 4 in 8 patients (5.2%), and Class 5 in 1 patient (0.6%). These outcomes correspond to an Engel Class I outcome in 84.3% of the patients.CONCLUSIONSA satisfactory long-term seizure outcome following transsylvian SAHE was demonstrated in a selected group of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.
Is there added value in obtaining cervical spine MRI in the assessment of nontraumatic angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage? A retrospective study and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Sadigh Gelareh , Holder Chad A. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Dehkharghani Seena , Allen Jason W. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEDiagnostic algorithms for nontraumatic angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (AN-SAH) vary, and the optimal method remains subject to debate. This study assessed the added value of cervical spine MRI in identifying a cause for nontraumatic AN-SAH.METHODSConsecutive patients 18 years of age or older who presented with nontraumatic SAH between February 1, 2009, and October 31, 2014, with negative cerebrovascular catheter angiography and subsequent cervical MRI were studied. Patients with intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural hemorrhage; recent trauma; or known vascular malformations were excluded. All cervical MR images were reviewed by two blinded neuroradiologists. The diagnostic yield of cervical MRI was calculated. A literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting the diagnostic yield of cervical MRI in patients with AN-SAH. The weighted pooled estimate of diagnostic yield of cervical MRI was calculated.RESULTSFor all 240 patients (mean age 53 years, 48% male), catheter angiography was performed within 4 days after admission (median 12 hours, interquartile range [IQR] 10 hours). Cervical MRI was performed within 19 days of admission (median 24 hours, IQR 10 hours). In a single patient, cervical MRI identified a source for SAH (cervical vascular malformation). Meta-analysis of 7 studies comprising 538 patients with AN-SAH produced a pooled estimate of 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.5%–2.5%) for diagnostic yield of cervical MRI. No statistically significant between-study heterogeneity or publication bias was identified.CONCLUSIONSCervical MRI following AN-SAH, in the absence of findings to suggest spinal etiology, has a very low diagnostic yield and is not routinely necessary.
Potential utility of FLAIR in MRI-negative Cushing’s disease
Authors: Chatain Grégoire P. , Patronas Nicholas , Smirniotopoulos James G. , Piazza Martin , Benzo Sarah , Ray-Chaudhury Abhik , Sharma Susmeeta , Lodish Maya , Nieman Lynnette , Stratakis Constantine A. , Chittiboina Prashant 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEAccurate presurgical localization of microadenomas in Cushing’s disease (CD) leads to improved remission rates and decreased adverse events. Volumetric gradient recalled echo (3D-GRE) MRI detects pituitary microadenomas in CD in up to 50%–80% cases as a focus of hypointensity due to delayed contrast wash-in. The authors have previously reported that postcontrast FLAIR imaging may be useful in detecting otherwise MRI-negative pituitary microadenomas as foci of hyperintensity. This reflects theoretically complementary imaging of microadenomas due to delayed contrast washout. The authors report on the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of FLAIR imaging in the detection of microadenomas in patients with CD.METHODSThe authors prospectively analyzed imaging findings in 23 patients (24 tumors) with biochemically proven CD who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for CD. Preoperatively, the patients underwent pituitary MRI with postcontrast FLAIR and postcontrast 3D-GRE sequences.RESULTSPostcontrast FLAIR hyperintensity was detected in macroadenomas, and in 3D-GRE–positive or –negative microadenomas. Overall, 3D-GRE was superior in detecting surgically and histopathologically confirmed, location-concordant microadenomas. Of 24 pituitary adenomas, 18 (75%; sensitivity 82%, positive predictive value 95%) were found on 3D-GRE, and 13 (50% [1 was false positive]; sensitivity 55%, positive predictive value 92%) were correctly identified on FLAIR. The stand-alone specificity of 3D-GRE and FLAIR was similar (50%). These results confirm the superiority of 3D-GRE as a stand-alone imaging modality. The authors then tested the utility of FLAIR as a complementary tool to 3D-GRE imaging. All 5 patients with negative 3D-GRE MRI displayed a distinct focus of FLAIR enhancement. Four of those 5 cases (80%) had location-concordant positive histopathological results and achieved postsurgical biochemical remission. The remaining patient was not cured, because resection did not include the region of FLAIR hyperintensity.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that delayed microadenoma contrast washout may be detected as FLAIR hyperintensity in otherwise MRI-negative CD cases. The authors propose adding postcontrast FLAIR sequences to complement 3D-GRE for surgical planning in patients with CD.Clinical trial registration no.: NIH protocol 03-N-0164, NCT00060541 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Effect of body mass index on outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with clipping versus coiling
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Hughes Joshua D. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEIt has been suggested that increased body mass index (BMI) may confer a protective effect on patients who suffer from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Whether the modality of aneurysm occlusion influences the effect of BMI on patient outcomes is not well understood. The authors aimed to compare the effect of BMI on outcomes for patients with aSAH treated with surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the outcomes for patients admitted to their institution for the management of aSAH treated with either clipping or coiling. BMI at the time of admission was recorded and used to assign patients to a group according to low or high BMI. Cutoff values for BMI were determined by classification and regression tree analysis. Predictors of poor functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score > 2 measured ≥ 90 days after the ictus) and posttreatment cerebral hypodensities detected during admission were then determined separately for patients treated with clipping or coiling using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTSOf the 469 patients admitted to the authors’ institution with aSAH who met the study’s inclusion criteria, 144 were treated with clipping and 325 were treated with coiling. In the clipping group, the frequency of poor functional outcome was higher in patients with BMI ≥ 32.3 kg/m2 (47.6% vs 19.0%; p = 0.007). In contrast, in the coiling group, patients with BMI ≥ 32.3 kg/m2 had a lower frequency of poor functional outcome at ≥ 90 days (5.8% vs 30.9%; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, high BMI was independently associated with an increased (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.20–13.41; p = 0.024) and decreased (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.40; p < 0.001) likelihood of poor functional outcome for patients treated with clipping and coiling, respectively. For patients in the surgical group, BMI ≥ 28.4 kg/m2 was independently associated with incidence of cerebral hypodensities during admission (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.16–5.25; p = 0.018) on multivariate analysis. For patients treated with coiling, BMI ≥ 33.2 kg/m2 was independently associated with reduced odds of hypodensities (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.89; p = 0.021).CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that BMI may differentially affect functional outcomes after aSAH, depending on treatment modality. These findings may aid in treatment selection for patients with aSAH.
Who’s good this year? Comparing the information content of games in the four major US sports
Authors: Wolfson Julian , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , DiLernia Andrew 
Published: October 2017

In all four major North American professional sports (baseball, basketball, football, and hockey), the primary aim of the regular season is to identify the best teams. Yet the number of regular season games used to distinguish between the teams differs dramatically between the sports, ranging from 16 (football) to 82 (basketball and hockey) to 162 (baseball). While length of season is partially determined by factors including travel logistics, rest requirements, playoff structure and television contracts, from a statistical perspective the 10-fold difference in the number of games between leagues suggests that some league’s games are more “informative” than others. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify the amount of information games yield about the relative strengths of the teams involved. Our strategy is to estimate a predictive accuracy curve which assesses how well simple paired comparison models fitted from X% of games within a season predict the outcomes of the remaining (100 - X)% of games, across multiple values of X. We compare predictive accuracy curves between seasons within each sport and across all sports, and find dramatic differences in the amount of information yielded by game results in the four major North American sports leagues.
Solar Spectral Lines with Special Polarization Properties for the Calibration of Instrument Polarization
Authors: Li W. , Casini R. , Alemán T. del Pino , Judge P. G. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We investigate atomic transitions that have previously been identified as having zero polarization from the Zeeman effect. Our goal is to identify spectral lines that can be used for the calibration of instrumental polarization of large astronomical and solar telescopes, such as the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, which is currently under construction on Haleakala. We use a numerical model that takes into account the generation of scattering polarization and its modification by the presence of a magnetic field of arbitrary strength. We adopt values for the Landé factors from spectroscopic measurements or semi-empirical results, thus relaxing the common assumption of LS-coupling previously used in the literature. The mechanisms dominating the polarization of particular transitions are identified, and we summarize groups of various spectral lines useful for the calibration of spectropolarimetric instruments, classified according to their polarization properties.
NuSTAR Hard X-Ray Observation of the Gamma-Ray Binary Candidate HESS J1832–093
Authors: Mori Kaya , Gotthelf E. V. , Hailey Charles J. , Hord Ben J. , Wilhelmi Emma de Oña , Rahoui Farid , Tomsick John A. , Zhang Shuo , Hong Jaesub , Garvin Amani M. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Zhang William W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present a hard X-ray observation of the TeV gamma-ray binary candidate HESS J1832−093, which is coincident with the supernova remnant G22.7−0.2, using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. Non-thermal X-ray emission from XMMU J183245−0921539, the X-ray source associated with HESS J1832−093, is detected up to ∼30 keV and is well-described by an absorbed power-law model with a best-fit photon index

. A re-analysis of archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data finds that the long-term X-ray flux increase of XMMU J183245−0921539 is

(90% C.L.), much less than previously reported. A search for a pulsar spin period or binary orbit modulation yields no significant signal to a pulse fraction limit of

in the range 4 ms

ks. No red noise is detected in the FFT power spectrum to suggest active accretion from a binary system. While further evidence is required, we argue that the X-ray and gamma-ray properties of XMMU J183245−0921539 are most consistent with a non-accreting binary generating synchrotron X-rays from particle acceleration in the shock formed as a result of the pulsar and stellar wind collision. We also report on three nearby hard X-ray sources, one of which may be associated with diffuse emission from a fast-moving supernova fragment interacting with a dense molecular cloud.
Collective Properties of Quasar Narrow Associated Absorption Lines
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Pan Da-Sheng 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper statistically investigates the properties of C iv and Mg ii narrow absorption lines (NALs) to look for velocity cuts that can constrain quasar-associated NALs. The coverage fraction (f

c
) is defined as the ratio between the number of quasars exhibiting at least one detected absorber and the total number of quasars that can be used to detect absorptions with given criteria. We find that, for both C iv and Mg ii absorbers, both the number density of absorbers in given velocity intervals (

) and the f

c
show very significant excess at the low-velocity offset from the quasars, relative to the random occurrence that is expected for cosmologically intervening absorbers. These relative excess extensions for Mg ii absorptions are not only evidently related to absorption strength but also to quasar luminosity, while they are mainly constrained within 2000

no matter what quasar luminosity and absorption strength are. In addition, we find that the redshift number density (dn/dz) evolution of Mg ii absorbers with v
abs < 2000

evidently differs from that with v
abs > 2000

. Turning to C iv absorptions, the relative excess extensions of both

and f

c
are mainly limited within v
abs < 4000

, and depend neither on absorption strength nor on quasar luminosity. And also, the absorbers with v
abs < 4000

show obviously different redshift number density evolution from those with v
abs > 4000

. We suggest velocity cuts of 4000

and 2000

to define quasar C iv and Mg ii associated NALs, respectively.
Mapping the Lyα Emission around a z ∼ 6.6 QSO with MUSE: Extended Emission and a Companion at a Close Separation
Authors: Farina Emanuele P. , Venemans Bram P. , Decarli Roberto , Hennawi Joseph F. , Walter Fabian , Bañados Eduardo , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Arrigoni-Battaia Fabrizio , McGreer Ian D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We utilize the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope to search for extended Lyα emission around the z ∼ 6.6 QSO J0305−3150. After carefully subtracting the point spread function, we reach a nominal 5σ surface-brightness limit of SB5σ
= 1.9 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 over a 1 arcsec2 aperture, collapsing five wavelength slices centered at the expected location of the redshifted Lyα emission (i.e., at 9256 Å). Current data suggest the presence (5σ accounting for systematics) of a Lyα nebula that extends for 9 kpc around the QSO. This emission is displaced and redshifted by 155 km s−1 with respect to the location of the QSO host galaxy traced by the [

] 158 μm emission line. The total luminosity is

= (3.0 ± 0.4) × 1042 erg s−1. Our analysis suggests that this emission is unlikely to rise from optically thick clouds illuminated by the ionizing radiation of the QSO. It is more plausible that the Lyα emission is due to the fluorescence of the highly ionized optically thin gas. This scenario implies a high hydrogen volume density of

cm−3. In addition, we detect a Lyα emitter (LAE) in the immediate vicinity of the QSO, i.e., with a projected separation of ∼12.5 kpc and a line-of-sight velocity difference of 560 km s−1. The luminosity of the LAE is

= (2.1 ± 0.2) × 1042 erg s−1 and its inferred star-formation rate is SFR ∼ 1.3 M
⊙ yr−1. The probability of finding such a close LAE is one order of magnitude above the expectations based on the QSO–galaxy cross-correlation function. This discovery is in agreement with a scenario where dissipative interactions favor the rapid build-up of supermassive black holes at early cosmic times.
Dynamic Spectral Imaging of Decimetric Fiber Bursts in an Eruptive Solar Flare
Authors: Wang Zhitao , Chen Bin , Gary Dale E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Fiber bursts are a type of fine structure that is often superposed on type IV radio continuum emission during solar flares. Although studied for many decades, its physical exciter, emission mechanism, and association with the flare energy release remain unclear, partly due to the lack of simultaneous imaging observations. We report the first dynamic spectroscopic imaging observations of decimetric fiber bursts, which occurred during the rise phase of a long-duration eruptive flare on 2012 March 3, as obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 1–2 GHz. Our results show that the fiber sources are located near and above one footpoint of the flare loops. The fiber source and the background continuum source are found to be co-spatial and share the same morphology. It is likely that they are associated with nonthermal electrons trapped in the converging magnetic fields near the footpoint, as supported by a persistent coronal hard X-ray source present during the flare rise phase. We analyze three groups of fiber bursts in detail with dynamic imaging spectroscopy and obtain their mean frequency-dependent centroid trajectories in projection. By using a barometric density model and magnetic field based on a potential field extrapolation, we further reconstruct the 3D source trajectories of fiber bursts, for comparison with expectations from the whistler wave model and two MHD-based models. We conclude that the observed fiber burst properties are consistent with an exciter moving at the propagation velocity expected for whistler waves, or models that posit similar exciter velocities.