bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic and living statuses of community‐dwelling older adults and the related factors
Authors: Chen Meng‐Chin , Chen Kuei‐Min 
Published: August 2016

AimThe health and well‐being of older adults are closely related to their economic and living statuses. Socioeconomic inequality has a substantial impact on the healthcare received by these older adults. The present study aimed to understand the current economic and living statuses of community older adults, and examine the relationships among their demographics, economic status and living status.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional correlational design. Stratified random sampling was applied to recruit 384 community‐dwelling older adults. A face‐to‐face structured questionnaire was used to collect data.ResultsThe economic and living statuses of older adults were significantly correlated with age, sex, and educational level. Young‐old adults were more likely than the oldest‐old adults to possess economic power in their households (OR 2.80, P < 0.001). Men were less likely than women to be financially supported by others (OR 0.28, P = 0.001). Participants with a high school education or above were less likely than uneducated participants to be financially supported by others (OR 0.11, P < 0.001); the probability of participants with an elementary school education living alone was 2.65‐fold that of uneducated participants (OR 2.65, P = 0.028).ConclusionsWe suggest that in addition to placing its concern over age, the government should focus on older women and uneducated older adults to further refine the current social welfare policies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1689–1697.
An institutional pilot study to investigate physical activity patterns in boys with haemophilia
Authors: Bouskill V. , Hilliard P. , Stephens S. , Zhang C. , Whitney K. , Carcao M. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionHaemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by musculoskeletal bleeding. Trauma‐induced bleeding into joints and muscles may be associated with participation in physical activities. Recognizing this, persons with haemophilia may limit physical activities to avoid bleeding. The characterization of physical activity profiles (type, intensity, frequency and duration) in children with differing severities of haemophilia has not been well documented. This is required to better understand the relationship between physical activity and bleeding in children with haemophilia.AimThis study was a prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study to compare the quantity, type and intensity of physical activity as measured by accelerometry in boys with different haemophilia severities.MethodsSubjects wore an accelerometer daily for 1 week and completed validated self‐report PedHAL and 3DPAR questionnaires. Accelerometer activity levels were classified as sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous.ResultsA total of 66 males were enrolled, 24 had mild/moderate and 42 had severe haemophilia. Subjects average age was 11.52 years (±3.99) and their average BMI was 20.74 kg m2 (±5.68). Boys with severe haemophilia reported significantly more time per day spent in sedentary activities compared to those with mild/moderate haemophilia. Furthermore, the amount of time engaged in sedentary activities increased with age in those boys with severe haemophilia, whereas the opposite was true in those with mild/moderate haemophilia.ConclusionWe speculate that prophylaxis in children with severe haemophilia permitted them to engage in similar amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as children with mild/moderate haemophilia. Increasing sedentary time in the severe cohort with age may be attributed to increasing arthropathy among other psychosocial factors.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Leja Mārcis , Axon Anthony , Brenner Hermann 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis review of recent publications related to the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori highlights the origin of the infection, its changing prevalence, transmission, and outcome. A number of studies have addressed the ancestor roots of the bacteria, and the first genomewide analysis of bacterial strains suggests that its coexistence with humans is more ancient than previously thought. As opposed to the generally declining prevalence of H. pylori (including China and Japan), in Sweden, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis in the young population has risen. The prevalence of the infection remains high in the indigenous populations of the Arctic regions, and reinfection rates are high. A high prevalence is permanently found in the Siberian regions of Russia as well. Several studies, some of which used multiplex serology, addressed prevalence of and risks associated with various H. pylori serotypes, thereby enabling more precise risk assessment. Transmission of H. pylori was discussed, specifically fecal–oral transmission and the use of well‐water and other unpurified water. Finally, the long‐term course of H. pylori infection was considered, with an estimated 89% of noncardia gastric cancer cases being attributable to the infection.
Recent “omics” advances in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Berthenet Elvire , Sheppard Sam , Vale Filipa F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of high‐throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies is changing the face of microbiology, facilitating the comparison of large numbers of genomes from different lineages of a same organism. Our aim was to review the main advances on Helicobacter pylori “omics” and to understand how this is improving our knowledge of the biology, diversity and pathogenesis of H. pylori. Since the first H. pylori isolate was sequenced in 1997, 510 genomes have been deposited in the NCBI archive, providing a basis for improved understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of this important pathogen. This review focuses on works published between April 2015 and March 2016. Helicobacter “omics” is already making an impact and is a growing research field. Ultimately these advances will be translated into a routine clinical laboratory setting in order to improve public health.
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Backert Steffen , Neddermann Matthias , Maubach Gunter , Naumann Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is estimated to infect more than half of the worlds human population and represents a major risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori infection and clinical consequences are controlled by highly complex interactions between the host, colonizing bacteria, and environmental parameters. Important bacterial determinants linked with gastric disease development include the cag pathogenicity island encoding a type IV secretion system (T4SS), the translocated effector protein CagA, vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, adhesin BabA, urease, serine protease HtrA, secreted outer membrane vesicles, and many others. The high quantity of these factors and allelic changes in the corresponding genes reveals a sophisticated picture and problems in evaluating the impact of each distinct component. Extensive work has been performed to pinpoint molecular processes related to H. pylori‐triggered pathogenesis using Mongolian gerbils, mice, primary tissues, as well as novel in vitro model systems such as gastroids. The manipulation of host signaling cascades by the bacterium appears to be crucial for inducing pathogenic downstream activities and gastric disease progression. Here, we review the most recent advances in this important research area.
Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases
Authors: Goni Elisabetta , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring the past year, many articles were published on the extragastric diseases related to Helicobacter pylori infection. This supports the theory that some microorganisms may cause diseases even far from the primary site of infection by interfering with different biologic processes. The role of H. pylori on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, sideropenica anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency is well known. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the bacterium's association with cardiovascular, neurologic, hematologic, dermatologic, head and neck, and uro‐gynecologic diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, with very promising results. This review has been aimed at summarizing the results of the most relevant studies published over the last year on this fascinating topic.
Delayed mowing promotes planthoppers, leafhoppers and spiders in extensively managed meadows
Authors: Buri Pierrick , Humbert Jean‐Yves , Stańska Marzena , Hajdamowicz Izabela , Tran Eléonore , Entling Martin H. , Arlettaz Raphaël 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiodiversity‐rich grasslands have been severely impacted by agricultural intensification. Although agri‐environment schemes (AES) have been launched partly to combat grassland biodiversity erosion, they could neither halt nor revert it, and this calls for alternative solutions.We carried out controlled experiments on the effects of three mowing regimes on the arthropod biodiversity of extensively managed meadows, testing whether alternative mowing regimes can improveAESeffectiveness: (i) mowing according to the SwissAESprescriptions, i.e. first cut not before 15 June (control meadows); (ii) first cut not before 15 July (delayed mowing); (iii) refuge left uncut on 10–20% of the meadow area, otherwise first cut not before 15 June. Leaf‐ and planthoppers (Auchenorrhyncha) and spiders (Araneae) were sampled before and after mowing during 3 years, which enabled testing for immediate (within season) and carry‐over (1 year to the next) effects.Regarding immediate effects, Auchenorrhyncha and Araneae increased in abundance under the delayed mowing regime, with densities 3.5 and 1.8 times higher, respectively, than in control meadows. Furthermore, a positive carry‐over effect was detected for Araneae density under the delayed mowing regime. The refuge mowing regime had no effect on abundance. Finally, no statistically significant changes were detected for species richness and diversity (Shannon index) after 2 years of manipulations.We conclude that delaying the first cut in extensively managed meadows promotes these two taxa. It could be easily implemented by slight adjustments of the extant grasslandAES.
The revolving door: antibiotic allergy labelling in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Knezevic B. , Sprigg D. , Seet J. , Trevenen M. , Trubiano J. , Smith W. , Jeelall Y. , Vale S. , Loh R. , McLean‐Tooke A. , Lucas M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPatients frequently report antibiotic allergies; however, only 10% of labelled patients have a true allergy.AimWe investigated the documentation of antibiotic ‘allergy’ labels (AAL) and the effect of labelling on clinical outcomes, in a West Australian adult tertiary hospital.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of patients captured in the 2013 and 2014 National Antimicrobial Prescribing Surveys was carried out. Data were collected on documented antibiotic adverse drug reactions, antibiotic cost, prescribing appropriateness, prevalence of multi‐drug resistant organisms, length of stay, intensive care admission and readmissions.ResultsOf the 687 patients surveyed, 278 (40%) were aged 70 or above, 365 (53%) were male and 279 (41%) were prescribed antibiotics. AAL were recorded in 122 (18%) patients and the majority were penicillin labels (n = 87; 71%). Details of AAL were documented for 80 of 141 (57%) individual allergy labels, with 61 describing allergic symptoms. Patients with beta‐lactam allergy labels received fewer penicillins (P = 0.0002) and more aminoglycosides (P = 0.043) and metronidazole (P = 0.021) than patients without beta‐lactam labels. Five patients received an antibiotic that was contraindicated according to their allergy status. Patients with AAL had significantly more hospital readmissions within 4 weeks (P = 0.001) and 6 months (P = 0.025) of discharge, compared with unlabelled patients. The majority (81%) of readmitted labelled patients had major infections.Conclusions
AAL are common, but poorly documented in hospital records. Patients with AAL are significantly more likely to require alternative antibiotics and hospital readmissions. There may be a role for antibiotic allergy delabelling to mitigate the clinical and economic burdens for patients with invalid allergy labels.
Change in children's oral health‐related quality of life following dental treatment under general anaesthesia for the management of dental caries: a systematic review
Authors: Knapp Rebecca , Gilchrist Fiona , Rodd Helen D. , Marshman Zoe 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDental caries has significant impact on children and their families and may necessitate treatment under general anaesthesia (GA). The use of oral health‐related quality‐of‐life (OHRQoL) measures enables evaluation of dental treatment from a patient's perspective.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to assess change in OHRQoL in children following treatment under GA for the management of dental caries.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify articles which were assessed against inclusion criteria before data extraction. Studies involving children under 16 years, having treatment for dental caries under GA, were considered eligible. Included studies were quality assessed.ResultsTwenty studies were included, which demonstrated significant heterogeneity. Most studies employed a pre‐test–post‐test design. All but one study relied on proxy reports of OHRQoL. Only half the studies used instruments validated in the study population. Whereas all studies reported improved OHRQoL overall, some subscales showed changes which were not significant or worsened OHRQoL. The scientific quality of the studies varied considerably.ConclusionHeterogeneity of included papers limited the conclusions which could be drawn. Treatment under GA appears to result in overall improvements in proxy‐reported OHRQoL; however, there is a need for further high‐quality studies employing validated, child‐reported measures of OHRQoL.
Aesthetic preformed paediatric crowns: systematic review
Authors: Aiem Elody , Smaïl‐Faugeron Violaine , Muller‐Bolla Michèle 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDifferent aesthetic preformed crowns (APC) are proposed to restore decayed and damaged primary teeth because the stainless steel crowns (SSCs) do not satisfy parents concerned about aesthetic.AimThe objective was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of all types of APC for restoring primary teeth compared with conventional filling materials or other types of crowns.DesignRelevant articles were searched in electronic databases of PubMed via MEDLINE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias in the included articles and extracted data.ResultsFrom 555 potentially eligible articles, seven relevant articles were included. The overall risk of bias was high for all the studies. SCCs cannot be replaced by APC, such as the open‐faced SSCs and the pre‐veneered SCCs, for restoring badly decayed primary molars. Zircon crowns were assessed only in primary incisors and compared with pre‐veneered SCCs and resin composite strip crowns. After a follow‐up of only 6 months, Zircon crowns gave significantly better results than the others with regard to gingival health and crown fractures.ConclusionDue to the small number of RCTs on this topic and their risk of bias, future RCTs should be carried out in primary teeth.
Patient experiences of caring and person‐centredness are associated with perceived nursing care quality
Authors: Edvardsson David , Watt Elizabeth , Pearce Frances 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the extent to which patient ratings of perceived caring and person‐centredness are associated with perceived nursing care quality in an acute hospital sample of inpatients.BackgroundSelf‐reported patient experiences have had limited attention in conceptualizations of healthcare quality as described in policy and national standards, as well as in health and nursing care practice. The impact of central nursing concepts such as caring and person‐centredness on patient ratings of nursing care quality is largely unknown.DesignA descriptive non‐experimental correlational design was used to collect and analyse data from a sample of Australian acute hospital inpatients (n = 210) in December 2012.MethodsThe study collected self‐report patient data through a study survey including demographic data and the Caring Behaviours Inventory, the Person‐centred Climate Questionnaire, the SF‐36 and the Distress thermometer. Descriptive statistics together with Pearson correlation and hierarchical linear regression were used.FindingsPerceived caring behaviours of staff and the person‐centredness of wards were significantly associated with nursing care quality as evidenced by Pearson correlations being significant and exceeding the pre‐set cut‐off of r > 0·5. Staff caring behaviours and ward person‐centredness also accounted for more than half of the total variance in perceived nursing care quality as evidenced by the final regression model. Knowledgeable and communicable staff, timeliness of assistance and environmental support stood out as most significantly related to patient perceived nursing care quality.ConclusionsPatient experiences of caring and person‐centredness seem to have an influential role in the extent to which patients experience the quality of nursing care. Knowledgeable and communicable staff, timeliness of assistance and environmental support stand out as most significantly related to patient‐perceived nursing care quality.
Men's experiences of having a partner who requires Mother and Baby Unit admission for first episode postpartum psychosis
Authors: Boddy Rebecca , Gordon Carolyn , MacCallum Fiona , McGuinness Mary 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of men during their partner's admission to a Mother and Baby Unit for first episode postpartum psychosis.BackgroundPostpartum psychosis can be life‐changing for women, however little is known about the impact on their partners or their partners' needs.DesignAn Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was used to analyse interview transcripts.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven participants. Interviews were conducted in 2014–2015.FindingsTwo main themes were identified: ‘What the f*** is going on?’ and ‘Time to figure out how your family works’. Partners experienced shock and confusion during postpartum psychosis onset. Most felt hospital admission was beneficial, although there were barriers to accessing help and involvement in their partner's care. A process of understanding changes to roles, relationships and family identity was described. Loss was a common experience, with a potentially lasting impact.ConclusionsMen reported a range of challenging and positive experiences associated with their partner's postpartum psychosis. Improvements are needed in awareness of postpartum psychosis, access to appropriate services and support of partners.
Calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate aerosol foam provides superior efficacy vs. gel in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: randomized, controlled PSO‐ABLE study
Authors: Paul C. , Stein Gold L. , Cambazard F. , Kalb R.E. , Lowson D. , Bang B. , Griffiths C.E.M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundFixed combination calcipotriol 50 μg/g (Cal) plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (BD) foam has been developed as a new treatment option for patients with psoriasis.MethodsThe randomized, parallel‐group, investigator‐blinded Phase III, 12‐week PSO‐ABLE study compared the efficacy and safety of Cal/BD foam with Cal/BD gel. Patients aged ≥18 years with mild‐to‐severe psoriasis were randomized 4:4:1:1 to once‐daily Cal/BD foam, Cal/BD gel, foam vehicle or gel vehicle (NCT02132936). The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who were clear/almost clear with a ≥ 2 grade improvement according to the physician's global assessment of disease severity (i.e. treatment success) at week 4 for Cal/BD foam vs. week 8 for Cal/BD gel. Secondary efficacy endpoints included: proportion of patients achieving at least a 75% reduction in modified psoriasis area and severity index (mPASI75), and time to treatment success (TTTS). Safety was monitored throughout.ResultsA total of 463 patients were randomized: Cal/BD foam (n = 185), Cal/BD gel (n = 188), foam vehicle (n = 47), gel vehicle (n = 43); overall completion rate was 90%. Cal/BD foam achieved higher treatment success rates (38% vs. 22%; P < 0.001) and mPASI75 (52% vs. 35%; P < 0.001) by week 4 than Cal/BD gel by week 8. Median TTTS with Cal/BD foam was 6 weeks; this could not be determined for Cal/BD gel as 50% treatment success was not achieved (P < 0.001). Adverse drug reactions were reported in 14 (7.6%) Cal/BD aerosol foam patients and 7 (3.7%) Cal/BD gel patients; all were single events except for itch with Cal/BD aerosol foam (n = 5; 2.7%) and worsening psoriasis with Cal/BD gel (n = 3; 1.6%).ConclusionCal/BD aerosol foam showed significantly greater efficacy after 4 weeks, than 8 weeks of treatment with Cal/BD gel, with similar tolerability.
Understanding symptom experiences of muscle tightness from patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives
Authors: Bhimani Rozina H , Gaugler Joseph E , Skay Carol 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine how patients’ symptom experiences of muscle tightness correlate with examiner assessments. To address this question, we (1) obtained the vocabularies used by patients and examiners to describe muscle tightness, (2) correlated patient‐ reported Visual Analog Scale ratings for locations of muscle tightness on a body diagram and (3) explored the similarities and differences between patient and examiner evaluation of muscle tightness analytically and graphically.BackgroundSymptoms of muscle tightness are common complaints that occur due to musculoskeletal and neuromusculoskeletal injuries. Terms such as muscle tightness are often intermingled with other conditions including muscle tension, muscle spasticity and muscle rigidity. Discrepancies between patients and clinicians understanding of similar symptoms have been reported in the literature.DesignA concurrent exploratory mixed methods design was used.MethodFifty‐seven participants (six physical therapists, 51 patients) participated. Participants provided semi‐structured interviews, ratings through Visual Analog Scale and concurrently provided the words used to describe muscle tightness. Patients also provided the location of muscle tightness on a body diagram. Content analysis and hierarchical linear modelling were used for data analysis.ResultsThe patients’ vocabularies contained more sensory and pain experiences when compared to the clinicians’ vocabularies. Examiners and patients ratings were variable (standard deviation >20) and contained discrepancies. Stress played a role in the symptom experience of muscle tightness. Examiners tended to focus on patients’ chief complaints, while patients reported their symptoms from a whole‐body perspective.ConclusionsSymptom experiences of muscle tightness can occur with or without pain. Use of complementary therapy and development of an objective tool that accounts for patients’ sensory experiences is warranted.Relevance to clinical PracticeFindings from this study indicate that in addition to all other available treatments options, nurses must also educate patients about correct posture alignment, breathing exercises and stress management.