bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous brain activity following fear reminder of fear conditioning by using resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Feng Pan , Zheng Yong , Feng Tingyong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough disrupting reconsolidation may be a promising approach to attenuate or erase the expression of fear memory, it is not clear how the neural state following fear reminder contribute to the following fear extinction. To address this question, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to measure spontaneous neuronal activity and functional connectivity (RSFC) following fear reminder. Some brain regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) showed increased amplitude of LFF (ALFF) in the fear reminder group than the no reminder group following fear reminder. More importantly, there was much stronger functional connectivity between the amygdala and vmPFC in the fear reminder group than those in the no reminder group. These findings suggest that the strong functional connectivity between vmPFC and amygdala following a fear reminder could serve as a key role in the followed-up fear extinction stages, which may contribute to the erasing of fear memory.
Electrostatic-Force-Assisted Dispensing Printing to Construct High-Aspect-Ratio of 0.79 Electrodes on a Textured Surface with Improved Adhesion and Contact Resistivity
Authors: Shin Dong-Youn , Yoo Sung-Soo , Song Hee-eun , Tak Hyowon , Byun Doyoung 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs a novel route to construct fine and abnormally high-aspect-ratio electrodes with excellent adhesion and reduced contact resistivity on a textured surface, an electrostatic-force-assisted dispensing printing technique is reported and compared with conventional dispensing and electrohydrodynamic jet printing techniques. The electrostatic force applied between a silver paste and the textured surface of a crystalline silicon solar cell wafer significantly improves the physical adhesion of the electrodes, whereas those fabricated using a conventional dispensing printing technique peel off with a silver paste containing 2 wt% of a fluorosurfactant. Moreover, the contact resistivity and dimensionless deviation of total resistance are significantly reduced from 2.19 ± 1.53 mΩ·cm2 to 0.98 ± 0.92 mΩ·cm2 and from 0.10 to 0.03, respectively. By utilizing electrodes with an abnormally high-aspect-ratio of 0.79 (the measured thickness and width are 30.4 μm and 38.3 μm, respectively), the cell efficiency is 17.2% on a polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an emitter sheet resistance of 60 Ω/sq. This cell efficiency is considerably higher than previously reported values obtained using a conventional electrohydrodynamic jet printing technique, by +0.48–3.5%p.
Five-aza-2′-deoxycytidine-induced hypomethylation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase gene is responsible for cell death of myelodysplasia/leukemia cells
Authors: Tsujioka Takayuki , Yokoi Akira , Itano Yoshitaro , Takahashi Kentaro , Ouchida Mamoru , Okamoto Shuichiro , Kondo Toshinori , Suemori Shin-ichiro , Tohyama Yumi , Tohyama Kaoru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMT inhibitors) are administered for high-risk MDS, but their action mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation assay and focused on cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) among the genes whose expression was up-regulated and whose promoter region was hypomethylated after decitabine (DAC) treatment in vitro. CH25H catalyzes hydroxylation of cholesterol and produces 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC). Although CH25H mRNA expression level was originally low in MDS/leukemia cell lines, exposure to DNMT inhibitors enhanced CH25H mRNA expression. The promoter region of CH25H was originally hypermethylated in HL-60 and MDS-L cells, but DAC treatment induced their hypomethylation together with increased CH25H mRNA expression, activation of CH25H-oxysterol pathway, 25-OHC production and apoptotic cell death. We further confirmed that normal CD34-positive cells revealed hypomethylated status of the promoter region of CH25H gene. CH25H-knockdown by transfection of shRNA lentiviral vector into the cell lines partially protected the cells from DAC-induced cell death. Exogenous addition of 25-OHC suppressed leukemic cell growth. The present study raises a possibility that DNMT inhibitors activate CH25H-oxysterol pathway by their hypomethylating mechanism and induce leukemic cell death. Further investigations of the promoter analysis of CH25H gene and therapeutic effects of DNMT inhibitors on MDS/leukemia will be warranted.
Upregulation of Ih expressed in IB4-negative Aδ nociceptive DRG neurons contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity associated with cervical radiculopathic pain
Authors: Liu Da-Lu , Lu Na , Han Wen-Juan , Chen Rong-Gui , Cong Rui , Xie Rou-Gang , Zhang Yu-Fei , Kong Wei-Wei , Hu San-Jue , Luo Ceng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCervical radiculopathy represents aberrant mechanical hypersensitivity. Primary sensory neuron’s ability to sense mechanical force forms mechanotransduction. However, whether this property undergoes activity-dependent plastic changes and underlies mechanical hypersensitivity associated with cervical radiculopathic pain (CRP) is not clear. Here we show a new CRP model producing stable mechanical compression of dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which induces dramatic behavioral mechanical hypersensitivity. Amongst nociceptive DRG neurons, a mechanically sensitive neuron, isolectin B4 negative Aδ-type (IB4− Aδ) DRG neuron displays spontaneous activity with hyperexcitability after chronic compression of cervical DRGs. Focal mechanical stimulation on somata of IB4- Aδ neuron induces abnormal hypersensitivity. Upregulated HCN1 and HCN3 channels and increased Ih current on this subset of primary nociceptors underlies the spontaneous activity together with neuronal mechanical hypersensitivity, which further contributes to the behavioral mechanical hypersensitivity associated with CRP. This study sheds new light on the functional plasticity of a specific subset of nociceptive DRG neurons to mechanical stimulation and reveals a novel mechanism that could underlie the mechanical hypersensitivity associated with cervical radiculopathy.
Molecular basis of canalization in an ascidian species complex adapted to different thermal conditions
Authors: Sato Atsuko , Kawashima Takeshi , Fujie Manabu , Hughes Samantha , Satoh Noriyuki , Shimeld Sebastian M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCanalization is a result of intrinsic developmental buffering that ensures phenotypic robustness under genetic variation and environmental perturbation. As a consequence, animal phenotypes are remarkably consistent within a species under a wide range of conditions, a property that seems contradictory to evolutionary change. Study of laboratory model species has uncovered several possible canalization mechanisms, however, we still do not understand how the level of buffering is controlled in natural populations. We exploit wild populations of the marine chordate Ciona intestinalis to show that levels of buffering are maternally inherited. Comparative transcriptomics show expression levels of genes encoding canonical chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp90 do not correlate with buffering. However the expression of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones does correlate. We also show that ER chaperone genes are widely conserved amongst animals. Contrary to previous beliefs that expression level of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) can be used as a measurement of buffering levels, we propose that ER associated chaperones comprise a cellular basis for canalization. ER chaperones have been neglected by the fields of development, evolution and ecology, but their study will enhance understanding of both our evolutionary past and the impact of global environmental change.
Macroscopic CNT fibres inducing non-epitaxial nucleation and orientation of semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Yue Hangbo , Monreal-Bernal Alfonso , Fernández-Blázquez Juan P. , Llorca Javier , Vilatela Juan J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the presence of macroscopic fibres of carbon nanotubes (CNT), various semicrystalline polymers are shown to present accelerated crystallisation through the formation of a transcrystalline (TC) layer perpendicular to the fibre axis. From differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction we establish this to be due to much faster nucleation rates at the fibre surface. The formation of a TC layers is demonstrated for polyvinyldene fluoride, isotactic polypropylene and poly(lactic acid) in spite of the large differences in their chemistry and structure unit cells, suggesting that epitaxy in terms of lattice type or size matching is not a prerequisite. For the three polymers as well as poly(ether ether ketone), the TC layer is identically oriented with the chain axis in the lamella parallel to the CNTs, as observed by wide and small angle X-ray scattering. These results point to polymer chain orientation at the point of adsorption and the formation of a mesomorphic layer as possible steps in the fast nucleation of oriented lamella, with wetting of the CNT fibre surface by the molten semi-crystalline polymer a key condition for heterogeneous nucleation to take place.
Role of the clock gene Bmal1 and the gastric ghrelin-secreting cell in the circadian regulation of the ghrelin-GOAT system
Authors: Laermans J. , Vancleef L. , Tack J. , Depoortere I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAs adequate food intake is crucial to survival, organisms have evolved endogenous circadian clocks to generate optimal temporal patterns of food-related behavior and physiology. The gastric ghrelin-secreting cell is thought to be part of this network of peripheral food-entrainable oscillators (FEOs), regulating the circadian release of this orexigenic peptide. This study aimed to determine the role of the core clock gene Bmal1 and the gastric ghrelin-secreting cell as an FEO in the circadian rhythmicity of ghrelin expression and secretion in vivo and in vitro. Bmal1-deficient mice not only lacked circadian rhythmicity in plasma ghrelin levels and food intake, but also showed decreased gastric mRNA expression of ghrelin and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), the ghrelin activating enzyme. Furthermore, in the absence of the hypothalamic master clock, food-related stimuli entrained the molecular clock of gastric ghrelinoma cells to regulate the rhythmic release of ghrelin. Divergent responses in octanoyl and total ghrelin release towards different food cues were observed, suggesting that the FEO also regulates the circadian rhythmicity of GOAT. Collectively, these findings indicate that circadian rhythmicity of ghrelin signaling requires Bmal1 and is driven by a food-responsive clock in the gastric ghrelin-secreting cell that not only regulates ghrelin, but also GOAT activity.
Effectiveness and safety of Glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Zeng Chao , Wei Jie , Li Hui , Wang Yi-lun , Xie Dong-xing , Yang Tuo , Gao Shu-guang , Li Yu-sheng , Luo Wei , Lei Guang-hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched through from inception to February 2015. A total of 54 studies covering 16427 patients were included. Glucosamine plus chondroitin, glucosamine alone and celecoxib were all more effective than placebo in pain relief and function improvement. Specifically, celecoxib is most likely to be the best treatment option, followed by the combination group. All treatment options showed clinically significant improvement from baseline pain, but only glucosamine plus chondroitin showed clinically significant improvement from baseline function. In terms of the structure-modifying effect, both glucosamine alone and chondroitin alone achieved a statistically significant reduction in joint space narrowing. Although no significant difference was observed among the five options with respect to the three major adverse effects (withdrawal due to adverse events, serious adverse events and the number of patients with adverse events), the additional classical meta-analysis showed that celecoxib exhibited a higher rate of gastrointestinal adverse effect comparing with the placebo group. The present study provided evidence for the symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine plus chondroitin in the treatment of knee OA.
Magnetic interactions in the Zn-Co-O system: tuning local structure, valence and carrier type from extremely Co doped ZnO to ZnCo2O4
Authors: Henne Bastian , Ney Verena , Ollefs Katharina , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Ney Andreas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have investigated the relation between local structure, valence and carrier type with magnetism in the Zn-Co-O system. Thin films ranging from wurtzite Zn1−xCoxO (Co:ZnO) to ZnCo2O4 spinel were grown on c-sapphire substrates. On the one hand, the unprecedented doping of x = 0.6 Co in ZnO enables to study the structural and magnetic properties well-above the coalescence limit. On the other hand, the ZnCo2O4 spinel provides a p-type environment. We find a strong correlation between local structure, valence and carrier type throughout the Zn-Co-O system. In contrast to earlier publications neither 60% Co:ZnO nor ZnCo2O4 exhibit any sign of ferromagnetic order despite of the high concentration of magnetic ions and a p-type carrier background. Instead, antiferromagnetic exchange is found to be the predominant magnetic interaction in the Zn-Co-O system.
Novel morphology changes from 3D ordered macroporous structure to V2O5 nanofiber grassland and its application in electrochromism
Authors: Tong Zhongqiu , Lv Haiming , Zhang Xiang , Yang Haowei , Tian Yanlong , Li Na , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBecause vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is the only oxide that shows both anodic and cathodic coloration electrochromism, the reversible lithium ion insertion/extraction processes in V2O5 lead to not only reversible optical parameter changes but also multicolor changes for esthetics. Because of the outstanding electrochemical properties of V2O5 nanofibers, they show great potential to enhance V2O5 electrochromism. However, the development and practical application of V2O5 nanofibers are still lacking, because traditional preparation approaches have several drawbacks, such as multiple processing steps, unsatisfactory electrical contact with the substrate, expensive equipment and rigorous experimental conditions. Herein, we first report a novel and convenient strategy to prepare grass-like nanofiber-stacked V2O5 films by a simple annealing treatment of an amorphous, three-dimensionally ordered macroporous vanadia film. The V2O5 nanofiber grassland exhibits promising transmittance modulation, fast switching responses and high color contrast because of the outstanding electrochemical properties of V2O5 nanofibers as well as the high Li-ion diffusion coefficients and good electrical contact with the substrate. Moreover, the morphology transformation mechanism is investigated in detail.
p53/PUMA expression in human pulmonary fibroblasts mediates cell activation and migration in silicosis
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Haijun , Dai Xiaoniu , Fang Shencun , Wang Xingang , Zhang Yingming , Yao Honghong , Zhang Xilong , Chao Jie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhagocytosis of SiO2 into the lung causes an inflammatory cascade that results in fibroblast proliferation and migration, followed by fibrosis. Clinical evidence has indicated that the activation of alveolar macrophages by SiO2 produces rapid and sustained inflammation characterized by the generation of monocyte chemotactic protein 1, which, in turn, induces fibrosis. However, the details of events downstream of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 activity in pulmonary fibroblasts remain unclear. Here, to elucidate the role of p53 in fibrosis induced by silica, both the upstream molecular mechanisms and the functional effects on cell proliferation and migration were investigated. Experiments using primary cultured adult human pulmonary fibroblasts led to the following results: 1) SiO2 treatment resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in p53 and PUMA protein levels; 2) the MAPK and PI3K pathways were involved in the SiO2-induced alteration of p53 and PUMA expression; and 3) RNA interference targeting p53 and PUMA prevented the SiO2-induced increases in fibroblast activation and migration. Our study elucidated a link between SiO2-induced p53/PUMA expression in fibroblasts and cell migration, thereby providing novel insight into the potential use of p53/PUMA in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for silicosis treatment.
Cumulative metabolic effects of low-dose benzo(a)pyrene exposure on human cells
Authors: Ba Qian , Huang Chao , Fu Yijing , Li Junyang , Li Jingquan , Chu Ruiai , Jia Xudong , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) is a common environmental and foodborne pollutant which has been identified as a Group I carcinogen. Although the carcinogenicity of B[a]P has been illustrated, its comprehensive influence on metabolism and further relevance in adverse health outcomes are not well understood. To investigate the global metabolic effects of long-term B[a]P exposure at environmental dosage, we utilized the human SMMC-7721 cell-based B[a]P exposure models to perform a metabolomics study and network analysis. A total of 316 biochemicals were identified and 104 metabolites were found to be significantly altered. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism pathways and the nucleotide metabolism pathway were influenced by prolonged B[a]P exposure. Notably, the metabolic effects of B[a]P varied with different dosages. In addition, B[a]P exposure caused a decline in the glycolysis process but enhanced the glycolytic capability of SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. These findings establish the overall B[a]P-induced metabolic network, characterize the metabolic effects of chronic and environmental B[a]P exposure on human-relevant cells, and enhance the understanding of the adverse outcome pathway frame of B[a]P.
Who Receives Speech/Language Services by 5 Years of Age in the United States?
Authors: Morgan Paul. L. , Hammer Carol Scheffner , Farkas George , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Maczuga Steve , Cook Michael , Morano Stephanie 
Published: November 2015

PurposeWe sought to identify factors predictive of or associated with receipt of speech/language services during early childhood. We did so by analyzing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Andreassen & Fletcher, 2005), a nationally representative data set maintained by the U.S. Department of Education. We addressed two research questions of particular importance to speech-language pathology practice and policy. First, do early vocabulary delays increase children's likelihood of receiving speech/language services? Second, are minority children systematically less likely to receive these services than otherwise similar White children?MethodMultivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for a population-based sample of 9,600 children and families participating in the ECLS-B.ResultsExpressive vocabulary delays by 24 months of age were strongly associated with and predictive of children's receipt of speech/language services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 4.32–16.60). Black children were less likely to receive speech/language services than otherwise similar White children at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 0.42–0.55). Lower socioeconomic status children and those whose parental primary language was other than English were also less likely to receive services. Being born with very low birth weight also significantly increased children's receipt of services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age.ConclusionExpressive vocabulary delays at 24 months of age increase children’s risk for later speech/language services. Increased use of culturally and linguistically sensitive practices may help racial/ethnic minority children access needed services.
500 V SOI lateral pin diode with dual deep‐oxide trenches for fast reverse recovery and suppressed oscillation
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Long , Sun Weifeng , Huang Keqin , Du Yicheng 
Published: November 2015

A 500 V silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) lateral pin diode is proposed. The proposed structure features dual deep‐oxide trenches (DDOTs) arranged in the i‐layer. In off‐state, the dual DDOTs can help to sustain the potential between the cathode and the anode. With the breakdown voltage of 500 V level, the i‐layer length of the proposed structure can be dramatically shortened compared with the conventional SOI diode. The fast reverse recovery is obtained due to the reduced amount of the stored carrier in on‐state. During the reverse recovery, the holes can be trapped by the gap between the adjacent deep‐oxide trenches (DOTs). Therefore, dynamic punch‐through is avoided and suppressed oscillation can be realised. The proposed structure achieves a reverse recovery time of 72 ns which is an improvement by 28% compared with the conventional SOI diode. Meanwhile, the waveform oscillation of the proposed structure is successfully suppressed, which is superior to the normal DOTs SOI lateral pin diode.
Q‐switched thulium‐doped fibre ring lasers operating at 1.9 μm using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in UV‐curing resin
Authors: Sakata H. , Kimpara K. , Takahashi N. 
Published: November 2015

The passively Q‐switched operation of all‐fibre thulium fibre lasers using UV‐curing resin doped with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a saturable absorber is demonstrated. A single‐mode thulium‐doped silica fibre is pumped by a laser diode emitting at 1.63 µm through a wavelength‐division multiplexing coupler. Unidirectional laser output from the fibre ring resonator is attained by using the retroreflector at the counter‐directional output port. The fibre laser exhibits 1.9 µm wavelength pulsed oscillation at a repetition rate of 7.2 kHz. When the pump power is increased to 161 mW, the output pulse power is measured by 150 mW with a pulse width of 3.2 µs.
Compact 3‐dB waveguide hybrid with full bandwidth
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Wang Qingyuan , Tian Xi 
Published: November 2015

A compact waveguide 3‐dB hybrid with full bandwidth is proposed in this Letter. The tight coupling and full bandwidth of Ka‐band (from 26.3 to 40 GHz) are achieved by introducing multi‐sections of waveguide with different width and depth, together with loaded posts on the bottom of some waveguide sections. The whole structure is symmetric both longitudinally and transversely (patent pending). The measured results show that return loss and isolation of the hybrid better than 25 dB and 26 dB, respectively, phase difference of the two output terminals within 90° ± 3° and the power‐split unbalance within 3.1 dB ± 0.5 dB are achieved over the full Ka‐band waveguide bandwidth.