bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction does not affect circulating haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self‐renewal ability in a rat model
Authors: Kröpfl J. M. , Spengler C. M. , Frobert A. , Ajalbert G. , Giraud M. N. 
Published: November 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Although peripheral blood haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are potentially important in regeneration after acute myocardial infarction, their self‐renewal ability in the post‐acute phase has not yet been addressed.

What is the main finding and its importance?
In rat peripheral blood, we show that myocardial infarction does not negatively affect circulating haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self‐renewal ability 2 weeks after acute infarction, which suggests a constant regenerative potential in the myocardial infarction post‐acute phase.

Given the importance of peripheral blood haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs) in post‐acute regeneration after acute myocardial infarction (MI), the aim of the present study was to investigate the number and secondary replating capacity/self‐renewal ability of HPCs in peripheral blood before and 2 weeks after MI. In female Lewis inbred rats (n = 9), MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery, and another nine underwent sham surgery, without ligation, for control purposes. Myocardial infarction was confirmed by troponin I concentrations 24 h after surgery. Peripheral blood was withdrawn and fractional shortening and ejection fraction of the left ventricle were assessed before (day 0) and 14 days after MI or sham surgery (day 14). After mononuclear cell isolation, primary and secondary functional colony‐forming unit granulocyte–macrophage (CFU‐GM) assays were performed in order to detect the kinetics of functional HPC colony counts and cell self‐renewal ability in vitro. The CFU‐GM counts and cell self‐renewal ability remained unchanged (P > 0.05) in both groups at day 14, without interaction between groups. In the intervention group, higher day 0 CFU‐GM counts showed a relationship to lower fractional shortening on day 14 (ρ = −0.82; P < 0.01). Myocardial infarction did not negatively affect circulating HPC self‐renewal ability, which suggests a constant regenerative potential in the post‐acute phase. A relationship of cardiac contractile function 14 days after MI with circulating CFU‐GM counts on day 0 might imply functional colony count as a predictive factor for outcome after infarction.
Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans
Authors: Katzelnick Leah C. , Gresh Lionel , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Mercado Juan Carlos , Kuan Guillermina , Gordon Aubree , Balmaseda Angel , Harris Eva 
Published: November 2017

Too much or too little—better than someDengue fever is caused by a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus resembling Zika virus. Both viruses can cause severe diseases in humans with catastrophic sequelae. It has been suspected in humans, and shown in animal models, that the host's immune responses can make disease worse. Katzelnicket al.examined data from a long-term study of Nicaraguan children exposed to dengue virus (see the Perspective by Feinberg and Ahmed). They confirmed that antibody-dependent enhancement of disease occurs at a specific range of antibody concentrations. Low levels of antibody did not enhance disease, intermediate levels exacerbated disease, and high antibody titers protected against severe disease. These findings have major implications for vaccines against flaviviruses. Indeed, recent vaccine trials have shown evidence of severe disease in some recipients who were previously exposed to virus.Science, this issue p.929; see also p.865
Early academic achievement in children with isolated clefts: a population-based study in England
Authors: Fitzsimons Kate Jane , Copley Lynn P , Setakis Efrosini , Charman Susan C , Deacon Scott A , Dearden Lorraine , van der Meulen Jan H 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesWe used national data to study differences in academic achievement between 5-year-old children with an isolated oral cleft and the general population. We also assessed differences by cleft type.MethodsChildren born in England with an oral cleft were identified in a national cleft registry. Their records were linked to databases of hospital admissions (to identify additional anomalies) and educational outcomes. Z-scores (signed number of SD actual score is above national average) were calculated to make outcome scores comparable across school years and across six assessed areas (personal development, communication and language, maths, knowledge of world, physical developmentandcreative development).Results2802 children without additional anomalies, 5 years old between 2006 and 2012, were included. Academic achievement was significantly below national average for all six assessed areas with z-scores ranging from −0.24 (95% CI −0.32 to −0.16) forknowledge of worldto −0.31 (−0.38 to −0.23) forpersonal development. Differences were small with only a cleft lip but considerably larger with clefts involving the palate. 29.4% of children were documented as having special education needs (national rate 9.7%), which varied according to cleft type from 13.2% with cleft lip to 47.6% with bilateral cleft lip and palate.ConclusionsCompared with national average, 5-year-old children with an isolated oral cleft, especially those involving the palate, have significantly poorer academic achievement across all areas of learning. These outcomes reflect results of modern surgical techniques and multidisciplinary approach. Children with a cleft may benefit from extra academic support when starting school.
PURA syndrome: clinical delineation and genotype-phenotype study in 32 individuals with review of published literature
Authors: Reijnders Margot R F , Janowski Robert , Alvi Mohsan , Self Jay E , van Essen Ton J , Vreeburg Maaike , Rouhl Rob P W , Stevens Servi J C , Stegmann Alexander P A , Schieving Jolanda , Pfundt Rolph , van Dijk Katinke , Smeets Eric , Stumpel Connie T R M , Bok Levinus A , Cobben Jan Maarten , Engelen Marc , Mansour Sahar , Whiteford Margo , Chandler Kate E , Douzgou Sofia , Cooper Nicola S , Tan Ene-Choo , Foo Roger , Lai Angeline H M , Rankin Julia , Green Andrew , Lönnqvist Tuula , Isohanni Pirjo , Williams Shelley , Ruhoy Ilene , Carvalho Karen S , Dowling James J , Lev Dorit L , Sterbova Katalin , Lassuthova Petra , Neupauerová Jana , Waugh Jeff L , Keros Sotirios , Clayton-Smith Jill , Smithson Sarah F , Brunner Han G , van Hoeckel Ceciel , Anderson Mel , Clowes Virginia E , Siu Victoria Mok , DDD study The , Selber Paulo , Leventer Richard J , Nellaker Christoffer , Niessing Dierk , Hunt David , Baralle Diana 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundDe novo mutations inPURAhave recently been described to cause PURA syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, feeding difficulties and neonatal hypotonia.ObjectivesTo delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome and study genotype-phenotype correlations.MethodsDiagnostic or research-based exome or Sanger sequencing was performed in individuals with ID. We systematically collected clinical and mutation data on newly ascertained PURA syndrome individuals, evaluated data of previously reported individuals and performed a computational analysis of photographs. We classified mutations based on predicted effect using 3D in silico models of crystal structures ofDrosophila-derived Pur-alpha homologues. Finally, we explored genotype-phenotype correlations by analysis of both recurrent mutations as well as mutation classes.ResultsWe report mutations inPURA(purine-rich element binding protein A) in 32 individuals, the largest cohort described so far. Evaluation of clinical data, including 22 previously published cases, revealed that all have moderate to severe ID and neonatal-onset symptoms, including hypotonia (96%), respiratory problems (57%), feeding difficulties (77%), exaggerated startle response (44%), hypersomnolence (66%) and hypothermia (35%). Epilepsy (54%) and gastrointestinal (69%), ophthalmological (51%) and endocrine problems (42%) were observed frequently. Computational analysis of facial photographs showed subtle facial dysmorphism. No strong genotype-phenotype correlation was identified by subgrouping mutations into functional classes.ConclusionWe delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome with the identification of 32 additional individuals. The identification of one individual through targeted Sanger sequencing points towards the clinical recognisability of the syndrome. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed no significant correlation between mutation classes and disease severity.
Progressive neurological deficits after general anaesthesia in a horse
Authors: Küls Nina , Rocchi Attilio 
Published: November 2017

An otherwise healthy eight‐year‐old Irish Sports Horse mare weighing 590 kg underwent general anaesthesia for bilateral tarsal arthroscopy and arthrotomy with subsequent removal of two osseous intra‐articular fragments. The horse was positioned in dorsal recumbency, with the pelvic limbs stretched backwards. The anaesthetic was uneventful except for a brief period of hypertension and mild hypoxaemia. However, a bilateral pelvic limb paralysis became evident during recovery, while the thoracic limb function and mental state of the horse remained normal. Postanaesthetic myopathy and fractures were excluded early on in the investigation and repeated neurological examinations revealed initially intact nociception, withdrawal and cutaneous trunci reflexes in both pelvic limbs, as well as normal anal and tail tone. A bilateral femoral neuropathy was suspected at first. However, the horse’s neurological function progressively deteriorated over the following night, leading to a flaccid paralysis of both pelvic limbs and complete loss of withdrawal and cutaneous trunci reflexes, and anal and tail tone, suggesting a central lesion. A histopathological examination was consistent with postanaesthetic myelomalacia.
The sustainability of water resources in High Mountain Asia in the context of recent and future glacier change
Authors: Rowan Ann V. , Quincey Duncan J. , Gibson Morgan J. , Glasser Neil F. , Westoby Matthew J. , Irvine-Fynn Tristram D. L. , Porter Phillip R. , Hambrey Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
High Mountain Asia contains the largest volume of glacier ice outside the polar regions, and contain the headwaters of some of the largest rivers in central Asia. These glaciers are losing mass at a mean rate of between –0.18 and –0.5 m water equivalent per year. While glaciers in the Himalaya are generally shrinking, those in the Karakoram have experienced a slight mass gain. Both changes have occurred in response to rising air temperatures due to Northern Hemisphere climate change. In the westerly influenced Indus catchment, glacier meltwater makes up a large proportion of the hydrological budget, and loss of glacier mass will ultimately lead to a decrease in water supplies. In the monsoon-influenced Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments, the contribution of glacial meltwater is relatively small compared to the Indus, and the decrease in annual water supplies will be less dramatic. Therefore, enhanced glacier melt will increase river flows until the middle of the twenty-first century, but in the longer term, into the latter part of this century, river flows will decline as glaciers shrink. Declining meltwater supplies may be compensated by increases in precipitation, but this could exacerbate the risk of flooding.
Recent Advances of Cell-Cycle Inhibitor Therapies for Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Mills Christopher C. , Kolb EA. , Sampson Valerie B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis review describes the pivotal roles of cell-cycle and checkpoint regulators and discusses development of specific cell-cycle inhibitors for therapeutic use for pediatric cancer. The mechanism of action as well as the safety and tolerability of drugs in pediatric patients, including compounds that target CDK4/CDK6 (palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib), aurora kinases (AT9283 and MLN8237), Wee1 kinase (MK-1775), KSP (ispinesib), and tubulin (taxanes, vinca alkaloids), are presented. The design of mechanism-based combinations that exploit the cross-talk of signals activated by cell-cycle arrest, as well as pediatric-focused drug development, are critical for the advancement of drugs for rare childhood diseases. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6489–98. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting the Lysosome for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Towers Christina G. , Thorburn Andrew 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Summary: Lysosomes are the recycling centers of the cell where organelles and proteins are degraded during autophagy and macropinocytosis; they also serve as signaling hubs that control the activity of mTORC1. In this issue, Rebecca and colleagues report the development of a new type of lysosomal inhibitor for cancer therapy that can inhibit multiple lysosomal activities that are needed for tumor cell survival and growth. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1218–20. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Rebecca et al., p. 1266.
Implementation of a New High-Volume Circular Stapler in Stapled Anopexy for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Is Patient’s Short-Term Outcome Affected by a Higher Volume of Resected Tissue?
Authors: Grotenhuis Brechtje A. , Nonner Joost , de Graaf Eelco J.R. , Doornebosch Pascal G. 
Published: November 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Stapled anopexy is a safe technique for the treatment of hemorrhoids but carries a higher risk of recurrence, which might be caused due to the limited volume of resected tissue. In this study, we investigated the introduction of a high-volume circular stapling device; in particular whether an increased amount of resected tissue could affect patients’ short-term postoperative outcome. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Between 2011 and 2015, stapled anopexy was performed for hemorrhoids and/or anal prolapse in 141 patients (<i>n</i> = 25 conventional PPH-3<sup>©</sup>-stapler versus <i>n</i> = 116 high-volume CHEX<sup>©</sup>-stapler). In this prospectively collected dataset, operation details and short-term postoperative outcome were compared. <b><i>Results:</i></b> With the high-volume stapler, a significantly higher amount of tissue was resected: 9.8 g (range 6.2–11.4) vs. 6.4 g (range 4.9–8.8) with the conventional stapler, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01. Postoperative short-term outcome did not differ in terms of readmission and complication rates. In all 5 patients who underwent a redo operation for residual hemorrhoids or prolapse, the high-volume stapler was used in the primary operation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A high-volume stapling device for stapled anopexy was introduced safely with a significantly higher amount of resected tissue without a worse short-term outcome. However, it remains unclear whether higher stapling volumes may lead to improved long-term outcome with less reinterventions.
Nonfasting Triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Heart Failure Risk
Authors: Varbo Anette , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: November 2017

Objective—
The prevalence of heart failure is increasing in the aging population, and heart failure is a disease with large morbidity and mortality. There is, therefore, a need for identifying modifiable risk factors for prevention. We tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of nonfasting triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with higher risk of heart failure in the general population.

Approach and Results—

We included 103 860 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and 9694 from the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 2 prospective observational association studies. Nonfasting triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline. Individuals were followed for ≤23 years, during which time 3593 were diagnosed with heart failure. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. In the Copenhagen General Population Study, stepwise higher concentrations of nonfasting triglycerides were associated with stepwise higher risk of heart failure (
P
for trend <0.001), with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 2.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.48–4.54) for individuals with nonfasting triglycerides ≥5 mmol/L (440 mg/dL) compared with individuals with concentrations <1 mmol/L (88 mg/dL). Concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not associated with risk of heart failure. Results were independently confirmed in the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Conclusions—
Stepwise higher concentrations of nonfasting triglycerides were associated with stepwise higher risk of heart failure; however, concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not associated with risk of heart failure in the general population.
Intercomparison of Model-Estimated Potential Evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau during 1981–2010
Authors: Song Lulu , Zhuang Qianlai , Yin Yunhe , Wu Shaohong , Zhu Xudong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPotential evapotranspiration (PET), the maximum evapotranspiration rate under unlimited water supply, reflects the capacity for transpiration flow and plant primary production. Numerous models have been developed to quantify PET, but there are still large uncertainties in PET estimations. In this study, the authors conducted spatially explicit estimations of daily PET from 1981 to 2010 for eight different land-cover types on the Tibetan Plateau by applying three types of PET models including a combination model (Penman–Monteith), a radiation-based model (Priestley–Taylor), and a temperature-based model (Thornthwaite). This study found that the PET estimated by Thornthwaite model (PETT) was lower than those estimated by Priestley–Taylor (PETPT) and Penman–Monteith models (PETPM). Penman–Monteith model gave the highest estimates of PET on annual and daily scales. The mean annual PET for the whole plateau estimated by these three models varied from 675.1 to 700.5 mm yr−1, and daily PET varied from 1.33 to 1.92 mm day−1. The spatial pattern of PETT did not agree with the PETPT and PETPM, while the latter two agreed well with each other. Because of different model structures and dominant meteorological drivers, the interannual variability of PET varied significantly among the models. PETPT and PETPM showed a transition around 1993 since the dominant meteorological drivers were different before and after 1993. These disagreements among different models suggested that PET models with different algorithms should be used with caution. This study provided a validation to assist those undertaking PET estimations on the Tibetan Plateau.
Observations and Mechanisms of a Simple Stochastic Dynamical Model Capturing El Niño Diversity
Authors: Chen Nan , Majda Andrew J. , Thual Sulian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has significant impact on global climate and relevance for seasonal forecasts. Recently, a simple modeling framework was developed that captures the ENSO diversity, where state-dependent stochastic wind bursts and nonlinear advection of sea surface temperature are coupled to a simple ocean–atmosphere model that is otherwise deterministic, linear, and stable. In this article, the coupled model is compared with observations using reanalysis data over the last 34 yr, where the observed non-Gaussian statistics and the overall mechanisms of ENSO are both captured by the model. Then the formation mechanisms of both the central Pacific (CP) and the traditional El Niño in the model are systematically studied. First, ocean Rossby waves induced by easterly trade wind anomalies facilitate the heat content buildup. Then the reflected ocean Kelvin waves and the nonlinear advection lead to positive SST anomalies in the CP region and create a CP El Niño. Second, two formation mechanisms are revealed for the traditional El Niño, including the super (extreme) El Niño. The first mechanism indicates a preferred wind structure with easterly wind bursts (EWBs) leading westerly wind bursts (WWBs), where the EWBs build up heat content and then the WWBs trigger the El Niño. The second mechanism links the two types of El Niño, where a CP El Niño favors a heat content buildup and the advent of a traditional El Niño. This article also highlights the mechanisms of La Niña formation and El Niño termination.
Observing the May 2015 Record Rainfall at Norman, Oklahoma, Using Various Methods
Authors: Duchon Claude E. , Fiebrich Christopher A. , Illston Bradley G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The May 2015 record rainfall that occurred across Oklahoma was the result of a large number of high-intensity rain events. A unique set of observations from gauges in the Oklahoma Mesonet, the NWS Cooperative Observer (COOP) network, the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network, an experimental pit gauge system, and NWS radar was available that covered an area in and around Norman, Oklahoma. This paper documents the performance of the various gauges throughout the course of the month. Key findings are 1) observations from all methods significantly exceeded the 200-yr return interval; 2) a weighing-bucket gauge at ground level recorded amounts up to 4.5% higher than a similarly located ground-level tipping-bucket gauge and up to 8.2% higher than a nearby aboveground tipping-bucket gauge; 3) a manual COOP gauge recorded nearly identical (within 1.2%) observations as compared to an automated tipping-bucket gauge at a collocated Mesonet station; and 4) observations from 26 CoCoRaHS gauges yielded an average rainfall within 1% of the aerially averaged radar rainfall derived from the Multisensor Precipitation Estimator.
Strategies for Improving the Intonation of Your Orchestra
Authors: Hopkins Michael 
Published: November 2017

Orchestra directors who address tone production, intonation and rhythmic precision as important priorities in rehearsal will greatly improve the sound of their orchestras. Of these three areas, fixing poor intonation can be the most challenging to address because it requires tremendous patience and ongoing attention from both director and students. As Cohen (2009) writes, “Intonation is a problem for string players, from beginner to advanced. And, it's a skill that most work on constantly.” (p. 23). All orchestra directors would likely agree with Curry's observation that “slow and disciplined intonation practice is essential to becoming a great string player” (Curry, 2011, p. 94). Yet in an orchestra rehearsal, fixing intonation can bring the pace to a grinding halt. Teacher and students can be frustrated if rehearsals are consumed by slow work on intonation. Sometimes in rehearsal we apply an intonation “bandage” to a problem that actually requires a much lengthier treatment to cure. Fortunately, there are ways that intonation can be easily addressed in every rehearsal and gradually refined over time. This article will describe strategies that are commonly used to improve intonation in orchestras. Many of these strategies can be used at all levels, from elementary to the college level, as developmental or remedial strategies. Some will be more appropriate to use with younger students, some with older students.