bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Psychiatric Disorders following Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shen Cheng-Che , Hu Li-Yu , Yang Albert C. , Kuo Benjamin Ing-Tiau , Chiang Yung-Yen , Tsai Shih-Jen 
Published: February 2016

Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease. A higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, including depressive disorder, has been proven in patients with AS. However, a clear temporal causal relationship between AS and psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to analyze the relationship between AS and the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders.Methods.We identified subjects who were newly diagnosed with AS between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008, in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. A comparison cohort was constructed of patients without AS who were matched according to age and sex. All patients with AS and control patients were observed until diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, or until death or withdrawal from the NHI system, or until December 31, 2009.Results.The AS cohort consisted of 2331 patients and the comparison cohort consisted of 9324 matched control patients without AS. The adjusted HR for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders in subjects with AS were higher than those of the controls during followup (HR 1.718, 95% CI 1.303–2.265; HR 1.848, 95% CI 1.369–2.494; and HR 1.494, 95% CI 1.031–2.162, respectively).Conclusion.AS might increase the risk of a subsequent newly diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, or sleep disorder, but not schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. These observations highlight the need for psychiatric evaluation and intervention for patients with AS.
Quand les sociétés s’effondrent
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit 
Published: February 2016

Si la cité est fondée dans la violence, elle ne peut survivre sans pacifier la société. Selon Ibn Khaldûn, les marges « barbares » mobilisent alors leurs ressources matérielles et symboliques pour faire dissidence et conquérir le pouvoir. La dissidence urbaine permet de comprendre l’effondrement des cités contemporaines, ainsi Mossoul en 2014.
Dénomination référentielle, désignation, nomination
Authors: Frath Pierre 
Published: February 2016

Qu’est-ce qui distingue la dénomination référentielle de la désignation et de la nomination ? Cet article entend aborder cette question en mettant l’accent sur l’importance des phénomènes de lexicalisation et des liens entre les dénominations, la référence et les corpus. Il se place dans le cadre d’une vision plus anthropologique que cognitive de notre être, donc plus collective qu’individuelle, pour laquelle la pensée et le langage sont avant tout issus de la communauté linguistique où vivent les locuteurs.
« Voir le monde » : les images dans l'œuvre d'Alexander von Humboldt
Authors: Péaud Laura 
Published: February 2016

Au début du xix e siècle, la géographie est en pleine construction disciplinaire. Parmi tant d'autres, une figure participe spécialement à ce processus : Alexander von Humboldt. Un de ses principaux apports se trouve sans aucun doute dans son usage de l'image. Les images, et en particulier les cartes, ne sont jamais mobilisées comme de simples illustrations des savoirs géographiques qu'il produit, mais participent pleinement à son programme scientifique. Cela se traduit notamment par la réalisation d'une nouvelle forme cartographique, qu'il nomme pasigraphie. Cet article vise à saisir en quoi l'usage des images dans l'œuvre de Humboldt participe à sa vision géographique du monde.
Fab Labs : assembler les compétences de la communauté locale pour créer une nouvelle forme d’entreprise : l’artisanat collectif
Authors: Le Roux Serge 
Published: February 2016

Le territoire gagne en épaisseur à la mesure des mouvements économiques globaux qui tendent à déstabiliser les constructions et institutions issues du modèle fordiste-keynésien du siècle dernier. Lieu de concentration de forces réactives à ces mouvements, il peut trouver dans les technologies émergentes de nouvelles sources de dynamisme : les Fab Labs, permettant de créer une production d’objets, réalisée directement par des individus « amateurs » (l’artisanat collectif) au sein de ces territoires, peut en être une illustration symbolique.
Broad-Band Source Signature Modelling to Assess the Environmental Impact of Seismic Exploration in Vulnerable Regions
Authors: Wisløff Jens Fredrik , Goertz Alexander V. , Ali Jaafar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mitigation measures to protect marine mammals from sound emissions can be implemented more effectively if the sound output of a seismic source is known beforehand. We present a forward modelling workflow to assess the environmental impact of seismic exploration in areas with marine mammal activity at the survey planning stage. The focus is on modeling the output sound exposure level created by the seismic source, typically an airgun array. The employed physical model considers the hydrodynamics of marine airguns, including air bubble oscillations, near-source interactions with other airguns in array-configurations as well as interaction with, and impact of, the surface ghost reflection. Sound pressure and/or sound exposure levels can be obtained as a function of distance from the source through consideration of different geometrical spreading models and a hearing threshold term for different marine mammal species. Combined, these results allow for the estimation of sound output and propagation properties in a number of different scenarios, in line with most recent regulatory requirements. The presented model allows an accurate estimation of sound output of seismic sources up to about 1 kHz, which marks on average the frequency at which airgun sources have decayed by 50 dB from their respective spectral maximum. We present example modeling results that illustrate how the workflow can be employed for the planning of specific mitigation measures, such as exclusion zones, safety radii, and soft-start procedures.
Intratumorally Establishing Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Blocks Tumor Growth
Authors: Kim Juyang , Kim Wonyoung , Moon U J. , Kim Hyun J. , Choi Hye-Jeong , Sin Jeong-Im , Park Neung H. , Cho Hong R. , Kwon Byungsuk 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A long-standing question in the field of tumor immunotherapy is how Th2 cytokines block tumor growth. Their antitumor effects are particularly prominent when they are secreted continuously in tumors, suggesting that Th2 cytokines may create a tumor microenvironment unfavorable for tumor growth independently of adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that local production of IL-33 establishes a high number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) with potent antitumor activity. IL-33 promotes secretion of a massive amount of CXCR2 ligands from ILC2s but creates a tumor microenvironment where tumor cells express CXCR2 through a dysfunctional angiogenesis/hypoxia/reactive oxygen species axis. These two signaling events converge to reinforce tumor cell–specific apoptosis through CXCR2. Our results identify a previously unrecognized antitumor therapeutic pathway wherein ILC2s play a central role.
Basal shear stress under alpine glaciers: insights from experiments using the iSOSIA and Elmer/Ice models
Authors: Brædstrup C. F. , Egholm D. L. , Ugelvig S. V. , Pedersen V. K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Shear stress at the base of glaciers exerts a significant control on basal sliding and hence also glacial erosion in arctic and high-altitude areas. However, the inaccessible nature of glacial beds complicates empirical studies of basal shear stress, and little is therefore known of its spatial and temporal distribution. In this study we seek to improve our understanding of basal shear stress using a higher-order numerical ice model (iSOSIA). In order to test the validity of the higher-order model, we first compare the detailed distribution of basal shear stress in iSOSIA and in a three-dimensional full-Stokes model (Elmer/Ice). We find that iSOSIA and Elmer/Ice predict similar first-order stress and velocity patterns, and that differences are restricted to local variations at length scales of the order of the grid resolution. In addition, we find that subglacial shear stress is relatively uniform and insensitive to subtle changes in local topographic relief. Following the initial comparison studies, we use iSOSIA to investigate changes in basal shear stress as a result of landscape evolution by glacial erosion. The experiments with landscape evolution show that subglacial shear stress decreases as glacial erosion transforms preglacial V-shaped valleys into U-shaped troughs. These findings support the hypothesis that glacial erosion is most efficient in the early stages of glacial landscape development.
Incorporating natural and human factors in habitat modelling and spatial prioritisation for the &lt;i&gt;Lynx lynx martinoi&lt;/i&gt;
Authors: Laze K. , Gordon A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Countries in south-eastern Europe are cooperating to conserve a sub-endemic lynx species, Lynx lynx martinoi. Yet, the planning of species conservation should go hand-in-hand with the planning and management of (new) protected areas. Lynx lynx martinoi has a small, fragmented distribution with a small total population size and an endangered population. This study combines species distribution modelling with spatial prioritisation techniques to identify conservation areas for Lynx lynx martinoi. The aim was to determine locations of high probability of occurrence for the lynx, to potentially increase current protected areas by 20 % in Albania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. The species distribution modelling used generalised linear models with lynx occurrence and pseudo-absence data. Two models were developed and fitted using the lynx data: one based on natural factors, and the second based on factors associated with human disturbance. The Zonation conservation planning software was then used to undertake spatial prioritisations of the landscape using the first model composed of natural factors as a biological feature, and (inverted) a second model composed of anthropological factors such as a cost layer. The first model included environmental factors as elevation, terrain ruggedness index, woodland and shrub land, and food factor as chamois prey (occurrences) and had a prediction accuracy of 82 %. Second model included anthropological factors as agricultural land and had a prediction accuracy of 65 %. Prioritised areas for extending protected areas for lynx conservation were found primarily in the Albania–Macedonia–Kosovo and Montenegro–Albania–Kosovo cross-border areas. We show how natural and human factors can be incorporated into spatially prioritising conservation areas on a landscape level. Our results show the importance of expanding the existing protected areas in cross-border areas of core lynx habitat. The priority of these cross-border areas highlight the importance international cooperation can play in designing and implementing a coherent and long-term conservation plan including a species conservation plan to securing the future of the lynx.
Mainstreaming Human Rights Education: What’s Radical About That?
Authors: Blanchard Rosemary Ann 
Published: February 2016

One of the most radical ways of teaching about universal human rights and international humanitarian law would be to teach about these fundamental internationally-recognized standards for humane interpersonal conduct to every child who enters school in the United States. American illiteracy about human rights and humanitarian law standards contributes to the climate in which the United States preaches human rights to it's perceived opponents while refusing to apply universally recognized hr and ihl principles to itself. From the failure to incorporate into the American educational structure the cultural and linguistic rights of Indigenous peoples and ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities to the refusal to submit to the same standards of international humanitarian law which apply to all combatants, U.S. political and military leaders have been able to rely on the unfamiliarity of most Americans with the fundamental principles of human rights and international humanitarian law to insulate them from effective public scrutiny and meaningful challenge. This article describes efforts to mainstream human rights education at all levels of public education so it becomes a part of the educational experience of every child and, thus, part of the background of every adult. The risks of having HRE co-opted are dwarfed by the risks of having HRE sidelined.
Estratégia para a redução da pobreza no estado no Rio de Janeiro: algumas reflexões sobre o Plano Rio Sem Miséria
Authors: Hullen Angelica Cristina Nagel , Brotto Márcio Eduardo 
Published: February 2016

<p>Este artigo resulta da pesquisa desenvolvida no mestrado em Serviço Social na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro – PUC/RJ que tem como objetivo de realizar uma análise do Plano Rio Sem Miséria e sua contribuição para a redução da pobreza no RJ. Parte-se da premissa de que o Brasil tem se destacado no, período recente, pela redução da pobreza, especialmente a extrema pobreza. O crescimento econômico e a inclusão social são fatores preponderantes para esta redução. Em 2011 é lançado o Plano Brasil Sem Miséria com o objetivo de reduzir a extrema pobreza no país até 2014. Alinhado a estratégia federal e mediante o cenário de pobreza presente no Estado, o Rio de Janeiro cria seu plano de superação da pobreza, com vistas a proteção social, o Plano Rio Sem Miséria. </p>
Validation of Modifications to the ANSR® Listeria Method for Improved Ease of Use and Performance
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Alles Susan , Le Quynh-Nhi , Gray R Lucas , Hosking Edan , Pinkava Lisa , Norton Paul , Tolan Jerry , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer , Chen Yi , Odumeru Joseph , Ryser Elliot 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A study was conducted to validate minor reagent formulation, enrichment, and procedural changes to the ANSR® Listeria method, Performance-Tested MethodSM 101202. In order to improve ease of use and diminish risk of amplicon contamination, the lyophilized reagent components were reformulated for increased solubility, thus eliminating the need to mix by pipetting. In the alternative procedure, an aliquot of the lysate is added to lyophilized ANSR reagents, immediately capped, and briefly mixed by vortexing. When three foods (hot dogs, Mexican-style cheese, and cantaloupe) and sponge samples taken from a stainless steel surface were tested, significant differences in performance between the ANSR and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual or U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedures were seen with hot dogs and Mexican-style cheese after 16 h enrichment, with the reference methods producing more positive results. After 24 h enrichment, however, there were no significant differences in method performance for any of the four matrixes tested. Robustness testing was also conducted, with variations to lysis buffer volume, lysis time, and sample volume having no demonstrable effect on assay results. Accelerated stability testing was carried out over a 10-week period and showed no diminishment in assay performance. A second phase of the study examined performance of the ANSR assay following enrichment in a new medium, LESS Plus broth, designed for use with all food and environmental sample types. With the alternative LESS Plus broth, there were no significant differences in performance between the ANSR method and the reference culture procedures for any of the matrixes tested after either 16 or 24 h enrichment, although 24 h enrichment is recommended for hot dogs due to higher sensitivity. Results of inclusivity and exclusivity testing using LESS Plus broth showed that the ANSR assay is highly specific, with 100% expected results for target and nontarget bacteria.
Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformations: A Retrospective Review of 40 Cases
Authors: Cho Byung Chae , Kim Jae Bong , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Lee Seok-Jong , Kim Yong-Sun , Lee Jong Min , Huh Seung , Chung Ho Yun 
Published: February 2016

Background Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a form of congenital vascular malformation with a low incidence. Although LM has been studied, no consensus has emerged regarding its cause or treatment.Methods In this study, we retrospectively evaluated 40 patients who visited our vascular anomalies center for the treatment of cervicofacial LM, which is a common manifestation of LM. The medical records of patients over a period of 12 years were reviewed and analyzed for commonalities regarding the diagnosis and the results of treatment.Results Suspected cervicofacial LM was confirmed through imaging studies. No difference in incidence was observed according to sex, and 73% of patients first presented with symptoms before the age of two years. The left side and the V2–V3 area were most commonly affected. No significant differences in incidence were observed among the macrocystic, microcystic, and combined types of LM. A total of 28 out of 36 patients received sclerotherapy as the first choice of treatment, regardless of the type of lesion. Complete resolution was achieved in only 25% of patients.Conclusions LM is important to confirm the diagnosis early and to choose an appropriate treatment strategy according to the stage of the disease and each individual patient's symptoms. When treatment is delayed or an incorrect treatment is administered, patient discomfort increases as the lesion gradually spreads. Therefore, more so than is the case for most other diseases, a team approach on a case-by-case basis is important for the accurate and appropriate treatment of LM.
Closure of Myelomeningocele Defects Using a Limberg Flap or Direct Repair
Authors: Shim Jung-Hwan , Hwang Na-Hyun , Yoon Eul-Sik , Dhong Eun-Sang , Kim Deok-Woo , Kim Sang-Dae 
Published: February 2016

Background The global prevalence of myelomeningocele has been reported to be 0.8–1 per 1,000 live births. Early closure of the defect is considered to be the standard of care. Various surgical methods have been reported, such as primary skin closure, local skin flaps, musculocutaneous flaps, and skin grafts. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of myelomeningocele defects and present the surgical outcomes of recent cases of myelomeningocele at our institution.
Methods Patients who underwent surgical closure of myelomeningocele at our institution from January 2004 to December 2013 were included in this study. A retrospective chart review of their medical records was performed, and comorbidities, defect size, location, surgical procedures, complications, and the final results were analyzed.
Results A total of 14 patients underwent surgical closure for myelomeningocele defects. Twelve cases were closed with direct skin repair, while two cases required local skin flaps to cover the skin defects. Three cases of infection occurred, requiring incision and either drainage or removal of allogenic materials. One case of partial flap necrosis occurred, requiring secondary revision using a rotational flap and a full-thickness skin graft. Despite these complications, all wounds eventually healed completely.
Conclusions Most myelomeningocele defects can be managed by direct skin repair alone. In cases of large defects, in which direct repair is not possible, local flaps may be used to cover the defect. Complications such as wound dehiscence and partial flap necrosis occurred in this study; however, all such complications were successfully managed with simple ancillary procedures.
Analysis of 344 Hand Injuries in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Jeon Byung-Joon , Lee Jung-Il , Roh Si Young , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: February 2016

Background The purpose of this study was to identify comprehensive hand injury patterns in different pediatric age groups and to assess their risk factors.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted among patients younger than 16-year-old who presented to the emergency room of a general hospital located in Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, and were treated for an injury of the finger or hand from January 2010 to December 2014. The authors analyzed the medical records of 344 patients. Age was categorized according to five groups.
Results A total of 391 injury sites of 344 patients were evaluated for this study. Overall and in each group, male patients were in the majority. With regard to dominant or non-dominant hand involvement, there were no significant differences. Door-related injuries were the most common cause in the age groups of 0 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9 years. Sport/recreational activities or physical conflict injuries were the most common cause in those aged 10 to 12 and 13 to 15. Amputation and crushing injury was the most common type in those aged 0 to 3 and 4 to 6 years. However, in those aged 10 to 12 and 13 to 15, deep laceration and closed fracture was the most common type. With increasing age, closed injuries tended to increase more sharply than open injuries, extensor tendon rupture more than flexor injuries, and the level of injury moved proximally.
Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of hand injuries in the pediatric population.
Lateral Nasal Artery Perforator Flaps: Anatomic Study and Clinical Applications
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe AG , Tamburino Serena , Tracia Luciano , Tarico Maria Stella , Perrotta Rosario Emanuele 
Published: February 2016

Background Previous studies have investigated facial artery perforators, but have reported inconsistent results regarding lateral nasal artery (LNA) perforators. Although several authors have described the use of LNA perforators for ala nasi and nasal sidewall reconstruction, the literature contains little information regarding the cadaveric dissection of LNA perforators, and most previously published studies have focused on facial artery perforators.
Methods Sixteen hemifaces from eight fresh cadavers were dissected to study the LNA perforators. After the dissection was performed, the total length and diameter of the LNA and its perforators were measured. The quantity and the distribution of the LNA perforators supplying the overlying skin were then assessed. LNA perforator flaps were used for reconstruction in 10 nasal and perinasal defects.
Results The mean total lengths of the LNA and its perforators were 49.37 mm and 16.06 mm, respectively. The mean diameters of the LNA and its perforators were 2.08 mm and 0.91 mm, respectively. Based on our findings, we mapped the face to indicate zones with a higher probability of finding perforators. No infection, hematoma, or complete flap necrosis were observed after the procedures.
Conclusions Nasal reconstruction is a challenging procedure, and LNA propeller/V-Y perforator flaps are an excellent reconstructive option in certain cases. Based on our cadaveric study, we were able to identify an area in the upper third of the nasolabial groove with a high density of perforators.