bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effects of Irrigation Schedules on Evapotranspiration Partitioning and Crop Water Productivity of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North China Plain Using RZWQM2
Authors: Gao Mingliang , Liu Fuying , Zhang Haoze , Yuan Huabin , Zong Rui , Zhang Mingming , Li Quanqi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA significant basis for winter wheat production in China is the North China Plain (NCP). However, winter wheat production is severely hampered by water shortages in this area. Transpiration co‐occurs with photosynthesis, affecting crop water productivity (CWP). The purpose of this experiment is to use Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to study actual transpiration (AT) and evaporation (AE) under different irrigation schedules and then determine its impact on grain yield and CWP. In the 2019–2022 winter wheat growing seasons, four experimental treatments were set up: no irrigation during growth period (I0), irrigation at jointing stage (I1), irrigation at jointing and anthesis stage (I2) and irrigation at jointing, anthesis and filling stage (I3), and the RZWQM2 model was calibrated and verified in this experiment. A higher yield (7840.90 kg/ha for an average of 3 years) and the highest CWP can be obtained in I2 treatment (increased by 12.72%, 5.98% and 4.28% for an average of 3 years, respectively, compared to the other three treatments). The model has a good simulation effect on soil water dynamic change and plant physiological performance of the four treatments; the model showed that irrigation increased the simulated AE and AT; however, reduced AE/actual evapotranspiration. For the whole growth period, AT in I3, I2, I1 and I0 was 351.70, 317.30, 271.50 and 223.70 mm, respectively. Especially in the late growth stage of winter wheat, the AT in I3 was 65.20 mm for an average of 3 years, which was significantly higher than I2, I1 and I0 by 31.60, 13.50 and 10.00 mm, respectively. Thus, I3 increased AT at the late growth stage of winter wheat and resulted in an increase in grain yield; however, it did not significantly increase CWP. This study demonstrated that irrigation at winter wheat jointing and anthesis stages can improve the CWP to achieve the goal of stable grain yield and water saving.
Synthesis of near‐spherical BN powders by templated carbothermal reduction and nitridation
Authors: Zhao Dengke , Tian Zhaobo , Du Songmo , Zhao Shuo , Fan Binbin , Zhang Shijia , Wang Bohan , Li Fei , Cao Wenbin , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) powders with near‐spherical particles of more than 10 µm were synthesized by templated carbothermal reduction and nitridation. The effects of processing factors, such as raw material mixing methods, C/B2O3 molar ratios, and carbon templates, were systematically studied, and the reaction mechanism was discussed. The experimental results showed that the integrity and morphology of the carbon templates was usually destroyed during ball milling or grinding, but preserved during magnetic stirring. The morphology of synthesized BN particles depended on the C/B2O3 molar ratio in starting reactant mixtures and gradually changed from sheet‐like to near‐spherical shape with decreasing C/B2O3 molar ratio. The morphology and size of synthesized BN particles agreed with that of the carbon templates, which means that the morphology and size of synthesized BN particles can be tailored by controlling that of the carbon template. The BN near‐spherical particles synthesized in this work may be used as thermally conductive fillers for electronic packaging.
Influence of germanium concentration on the microstructure and optical transparency of terbium gallium garnet ceramics
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhang Lixuan , Zhu Danyang , Wu Junlin , Hu Chen , Li Tingsong , Wu Lexiang , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, transparent terbium gallium garnet (TGG) ceramics have garnered significant interest for their application in high‐power Faraday isolators. However, challenges in achieving high transparency have led researchers to explore the addition of various sintering aids as a key strategy to enhance the optical quality of TGG ceramics. Through this work, the effect of germanium (Ge) addition on the microstructure and optical transparency of TGG magneto‐optical ceramics was investigated. TGG powders were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method, and the source Ge was Ge ethoxide added through a ball‐milling step. Transparent TGG ceramics were prepared by air pre‐sintering combined with hot isostatic pressing post‐treatment and subsequent annealing. The ceramics containing 200 ppm Ge exhibit optimal transmittance of 81.3% at 1064 nm (a value of theoretical transmittance), the Verdet constant was −133.0 rad·T−1·m−1 at 633 nm. When the addition of Ge reaches 600 ppm, a secondary phase can be observed on the surface of ceramic. Subsequently, TGG ceramics prepared from 1425°C to 1500°C with 200 ppm of Ge were analyzed, which revealed that the optimal pre‐sintering temperature is 1450°C.
Electrospun CaZrO3‐BaZrO3 fibrous membrane with enhanced high‐temperature stability and flexibility
Authors: Yuan Kangkang , Shu Chen , Meng Kexin , Zhao Wenjun , Sun Guosheng , Zhu Jien , Chen Jin , Huang Yunlong , Li Chengshun , Jin Xiaotong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCalcium zirconate (CaZrO3)‐based fibrous membrane is a promising candidate in high‐temperature areas for its high melting point, good phase stability up to 1900°C, low thermal conductivity, and low cost. To further enhance the high temperature flexibility of CaZrO3‐based fibrous membrane without sacrificing stability, modification methods should be conducted. In the present work, a CaZrO3‐BaZrO3 dual‐phasic structure was proposed to modify the high‐temperature properties from the standpoint of phase competition. CaZrO3‐BaZrO3 fibrous membranes were prepared with the combination of the electrospinning method and pyrolysis process. The decomposition process, phase transformation, crystallize size, and microstructure evolution of CaZrO3‐BaZrO3 precursor fibrous membrane were characterized. The grain size, particle size, NIR reflectivity, high‐temperature stability, fire retardancy, and high‐temperature flexibility were also characterized and compared with other CaZrO3‐based fibrous membranes. The higher thermal stability and flexibility of the CaZrO3‐BaZrO3 fibrous membrane at 1200°C would make it a good candidate for high‐temperature insulating, high‐temperature supporting, and high‐temperature filtration.
Selenium alleviates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis and inhibits ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4
Authors: Zhao Mengxue , Wang Hongqian , Zhang Yumeng , Lv Chuang , Guan Jing , Chen Xi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSelenium, an essential micronutrient for humans, has been shown to be protective against ulcerative colitis (UC), but the exact mechanism remains unclear. The role of selenium, protecting against ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in colitis, was investigated in this current study.MethodsSerum selenium level and ferroptosis‐related gene expression in the colonic mucosa were measured in UC patients and healthy controls. The effects of sodium selenite supplementation on experimental colitis were investigated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐treated mice. The influence of sodium selenite on IEC ferroptosis was evaluated through assessing cell death rate, intracellular ferrous iron content, lipid reactive oxygen species level, and mitochondrial membrane damage of DSS‐treated Caco‐2 cells. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4, ferroptosis‐related genes, were detected in Caco‐2 cells and mouse intestines.ResultsSerum selenium was decreased in UC patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Additionally, serum selenium level was negatively correlated with disease activity and was associated with clinical inflammation and nutrition indicators. The expression of GPX4 in the mucosa of UC was positively correlated with serum selenium level. The in vivo experiments showed that selenium treatment ameliorated DSS‐induced colitis and inhibited ferroptosis in IECs. The in vitro results suggested that selenium supplementation inhibited DSS‐induced ferroptosis in Caco‐2 cells. GPX4 was upregulated after selenium supplementation both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsSerum selenium level was associated with IEC ferroptosis in UC patients. Selenium supplementation alleviates DSS‐induced colitis and inhibits ferroptosis in IECs by upregulating the expression of GPX4.
The Mediation Impact of Compassion Competence on the Link Between Mindfulness and Job Burnout in Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Li Jiaoyue , Wang Fengling , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Hongqiang , Lan Mengfei , Chen Shuya , Su Jiacheng , Yang Li 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis study explores the link between mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout among nurses, and analyses the mediating role that compassion competence plays in this relationship.BackgroundUnderstanding nurses' mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout is important, which could help devise interventions to relieve burnout in clinical nurses.MethodsThis study adopts convenience sampling method and descriptive design quantitative research. A cross‐sectional study of 513 nurses was conducted from June to October 2023 in mainland China. The Socio‐demographic Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey and Compassion Competence Scale for the Nurses were utilised to gather basic demographic information on nurses and to evaluate their level of mindfulness, compassion competence and job burnout. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation analyses and structural equation model were used to analyse the data.ResultsFive hundred and thirteen valid questionnaires were gathered. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong negative link between mindfulness and job burnout, and between compassion competence and burnout, and a significant positive correlation between mindfulness and compassion competence. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between mindfulness and job burnout was partially mediated by compassion competence, and the mediating effect accounted for 18.6% of the total effect.ConclusionCompassion competence performed as a partial mediator between mindfulness and job burnout among nurses. Nursing managers could enhance nurses' mindfulness level and compassion competence through Mindfulness interventions and Compassion training to reduce their burnout.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study offers a fresh viewpoint on enhancing clinical nurses' compassion competence and reducing job burnout. Healthcare organisations and medical institutions can mitigate nurses' job burnout by improving their mindfulness levels and compassion competence.Reporting MethodThe study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.Patient or Public ContributionAll participants were nurses who completed an electronic questionnaire related to this study.
Specialized medical equipment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities allocated in Home and Community Based Services
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpecialized medical equipment, includes both durable medical equipment—nondisposable, reusable medical equipment—and nondurable medical equipment—disposable, often one time use medical supplies. The aim of this study was to examine if, and how, states allocated specialized medical equipment for people with IDD in their Medicaid HCBS programs. To do so, we examined Medicaid HCBS 1915(c) waivers for people with IDD from across the United States. We found 55 waivers (51.40%) from 27 states (60.00%) provided 71 specialized medical equipment services to people with IDD. HCBS waivers projected spending $61 million on specialized medical equipment for 33 305 people with IDD. The average annual spending per person was $2433. In addition to helping promote community living and integration, for some people with IDD, specialized medical equipment can be life sustaining; as such, it is critical that unmet needs for specialized medical equipment not go unaddressed.
Drive time to care and retention in HIV care: Rural–urban differences among Medicaid enrollees in the United States South
Authors: Kimmel April D. , Bono Rose S. , Pan Zhongzhe , Kiernan Jessica S. , Belgrave Faye Z. , Nixon Daniel E. , Sabik Lindsay , Dahman Bassam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeLess than 50% of people with HIV (PWH) in the United States are retained in care, a key step along the HIV care continuum. We examined the impact of geographic access to care on retention in care for urban and rural PWH.MethodsWe used Medicaid claims and clinician data (Medicaid Analytic eXtract and MAX Provider Characteristics, 2009–2012) for 13 Southern states plus the District of Columbia. We calculated drive time from the enrollees’ ZIP Code Tabulation Area to their usual source of care. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the association between drive time to care >30 min (versus ≤30 min) and retention in care, overall and stratified by rurality. In sensitivity analysis, we examined the definition of retention in care, states included in the analysis, and enrollee‐ and care‐related characteristics.FindingsThe sample included 49,596 PWH. Overall, the association between drive time >30 min and retention was significant, but small (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 1.01) and was not significant in urban areas; however, the significance and direction of the association differed in sensitivity analysis. In rural areas, driving >30 min to care was associated with 7% higher odds of retention in care (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05, 1.08) and this association remained significant and positive in nearly all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsFor PWH in rural areas, greater drive time is consistently associated with greater retention in care. Disentangling the mechanisms of this relationship is a future research priority.
Perspectives of People Living With Chronic Hepatitis D: Impact of Disease and Unmet Needs Along the Care Cascade
Authors: Zovich Beatrice , Patel Poonum , Tu Thomas , Wang Su , Jubah Darlene , Zagorski Jamie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis D virus leads to a severe form of viral hepatitis and affects nearly 5% of people living with chronic hepatitis B. Chronic infection with hepatitis D virus leads to more rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately liver disease‐related death compared with hepatitis B monoinfection. Health outcomes and treatment adherence can be affected by patient perception of, engagement in, and satisfaction with care. Our objective was to better understand the experiences of people with chronic hepatitis D, identify their preferred sources of information, and recognise unmet needs from their perspectives. Sixty‐seven participants from the United States and the European Union took part in monthly, online, self‐guided surveys for a minimum of 3 months with an optional extension. Participants reported feeling anxious and scared at the time of diagnosis but over time came to accept living with chronic hepatitis D. They voiced a need for access to information from trusted sources, fewer barriers to care, and shorter wait times for provider visits and test results after diagnosis. Participants experienced both physical and psychological strain living with chronic hepatitis D. Although most participants reported the ability to continue their regular activities and employment, some stated such activities were done at a reduced pace. Self‐reported overall health appeared to be closely linked with emotional support. Understanding patient perspectives, with concurrent clinician perspectives, is crucial when working toward developing solutions to fulfil unmet patient needs associated with chronic hepatitis D management and advancing health equity.
In Situ Uterine Artery Prostaglandin E2 and Nitric Oxide in Open‐Cervix Pyometra and Medically Treated Bitches
Authors: Faustino Thaís Gomes , da Rosa Filho Roberto Rodrigues , Francischini Maria Claudia Pereda , Brito Maíra Morales , Angrimani Daniel Souza Ramos , Vannucchi Camila Infantosi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUterine vascular alterations take place in pyometra bitches speculatively influenced by prostaglandin and nitric oxide pathways. However, no causative effect of nitric oxide on endometrial vascularization was proved elsewhere for medically treated pyometra bitches. This study aimed to identify the main in situ uterine artery vasodilation pathway in pyometra bitches medically treated with antigestagen solely or coupled with prostaglandin. Pyometra bitches were enrolled into groups: Ovariohysterectomy at diagnosis (Control‐OHE; n = 7), Antigestagen (10 mg/kg aglepristone on Days 1, 2, and 8 after diagnosis; n = 5), and Antigestagen + luteolytic (aglepristone plus 1 μg/kg of cloprostenol from Days 1–7; n = 5). Treated bitches were ovariohysterectomized after 8 days of treatment. Uterine artery fragments from all bitches were collected for tissue nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 assays. Control‐OHE group had lower uterine artery concentration of nitric oxide compared to treated bitches (Antigestagen and Antigestagen + luteolytic groups). No significant difference was verified between the medical treated groups. Uterine artery concentration of prostaglandin E2 was not different between control and treated bitches, as well as between both treated groups. In conclusion, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 are not directly involved in vascular modulation of the uterine artery, albeit pyometra medical treatment influences nitric oxide concentration in the uterine artery.
Revisiting the impact of corruption on income inequality worldwide
Authors: Hartwig Jochen , Sturm Jan‐Egbert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe relationship between corruption and income inequality has been widely studied, but there is no consensus on whether corruption increases or reduces inequality. We conduct an extreme bounds analysis (EBA) to test the robustness of the explanatory variables proposed in the literature. Using a sample of up to 150 countries, with data mostly going back to 1980, we find that corruption does not appear to have a clear positive effect on inequality or may even reduce it. Also, contrary to what is sometimes suggested in the literature, the results do not support an inverted U‐shaped effect of corruption on income distribution. A more important role in explaining income distribution seems to be played by the level of financial development, the old‐age dependency ratio, the unemployment rate, the capital stock to GDP ratio and the population growth rate. These are often found to be significant drivers of inequality, regardless of the set of control variables and the definition of corruption used.
Moral testimony and epistemic privilege
Authors: Chamberlain James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow should we, as philosophers, respond to the pure moral testimony of people in marginalized positions? Some philosophers argue that marginalized people have an epistemic advantage concerning their experiences of marginalization, such that, if we are non‐marginalized, then we should defer to their moral testimony concerning these experiences. We might accept this as a requirement for ordinary conversation but doubt that any such requirement obtains when we do philosophy, since philosophy requires a critical stance. This paper argues that philosophers should also defer in such cases. It concludes that non‐marginalized philosophers can only properly address certain moral propositions concerning the experiences of marginalized people if they engage in ongoing philosophical discussions with such people, starting from a position of trust.
A systematic review of yoga for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Thakur Elyse R. , Shapiro Jordan M. , Wellington Jennifer , Sohl Stephanie J. , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Moshiree Baharak , Ford Alexander C. , Koch Kenneth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reviewed yoga for the treatment of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) with most demonstrating a benefit for symptom reduction; however, yoga has been studied beyond DGBI.PurposeThe aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive summary of yoga as treatment for gastrointestinal conditions.MethodWe conducted literature searches in PubMed and Embase and included yoga trials of adults with a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal disorders and diseases.ResultsWe identified 1275 articles; 12 studies were eligible. Most studies compared yoga to controls, for patients with different GI conditions (irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, chronic pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal cancer). The type, method, and duration of yoga used varied. Across IBS studies, most demonstrated that yoga improved IBS symptom severity, mood‐related symptoms, and quality of life compared with controls. In one study of inflammatory bowel disease, yoga improved quality of life compared to controls. Two studies of gastrointestinal cancer demonstrated that yoga led to a reduction in sleep disturbance and mood symptoms. One study of chronic pancreatitis found that yoga led to improvements in quality of life, stress, mood changes, alcohol dependence, and appetite. Yoga was generally safe, and no serious adverse events were attributed to the intervention.ConclusionIn conclusion, yoga appears to be safe and has potential to improve functioning across a spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases; however, current studies are limited by heterogeneity and methodological weaknesses. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of yoga on health outcomes for a broader range of gastrointestinal conditions.
Morphology and morphometry of the greater palatine foramen: A radio‐anatomical study using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Akkitap Melda Pelin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsThis study included 300 CBCT images and a total of 600 GPFs were evaluated bilaterally. GPF morphology was categorised as round, antero‐posteriorly elongated (APE), or latero‐medially elongated (LME). The distance of GPF relative to the palatine suture (PS), the incisive foramen (IF), and the palatine alveolar ridge (PAR), the distance between the right GPF (GPFr) and left GPF (GPFl) and the angle formed by GPF, IF, and PS were evaluated. The GPF location was also assessed in reference to the maxillary molars.Results64.1% of total GPFs were APE in shape. Male patients presented higher GPF‐related linear and angular measurements on both sides (p < 0.05). Patients aged ≥25 years had larger distances between GPFr–PS, GPFl–PS, GPFr–GPFl, and GPFl–IF (p = 0.001, p = 0.009, p < 0.001, and p = 0.048, respectively; p < 0.05). Patients aged ≤24 years showed a larger distance between GPFl–PAR (p = 0.011; p < 0.05). The distance between GPFl–IF was larger compared to the distance between GPFr–IF, but the angle between GPFr–IF–PS was larger than the angle between GPFl–IF–PS (p = 0.043 and p = 0.004, respectively; p < 0.05). 64.83% of all GPFs were located opposite the maxillary third molar.ConclusionThe shape and location of the GPF exhibit considerable variability. CBCT is a valuable diagnostic modality for assessing anatomical differences in the GPF.