bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel processing of micro-channels in micro-grinding with automated laser-assistance
Authors: Sahu Ashish Kumar , Iqbal Faiz , Jha Sunil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicro-structures are widely utilized in various fields such as optical, medical, defense, and aerospace. The accuracy and performance of micro-structures depend on fabrication methods, including conventional and non-conventional machining. High-quality micro-channel fabrication is challenging by conventional micro-grinding (CMG) which uses a micro-pencil grinding tool during micro-machining. However, in CMG, high-cutting forces act in the machining zone leading to tool deflection, tool failure, high temperature, and poor surface finish. The challenges of CMG can be overcome by using automated laser-assisted micro-grinding (LAMG), one of the modern micro-machining processes for fabricating high-quality, precise micro-channels. The novel processing of micro-channels in this work is through the in tandem use of LAMG and CMG. In this, the laser structuring is performed using LAMG followed by a micro-pencil grinding tool processing in a sequential manner on a same machine tool to achive high-quality parts and accuracy. This helps in fabrication of a micro-channel directly in one go without the need to remove the part to perform the two operations on two different machining setups, thereby reducing systematic fixturing errors which are significant when we are working at the micro-scale. This paper thus investigates the effect of various parameters viz. laser input energy densities and laser power on cutting forces and surface roughness on the tool as well as the work surface with two distinct scan patterns. In LAMG, at lower laser input energy density (pattern 1), the tangential and normal forces decreased by 10.3% and 20.5%, and surface roughness Sa and Sq reduced by 24% and 22% compared to CMG. Similarly, a normal force decreased by 20.5% in pattern 1 and 38% less in pattern 2. Still, the higher laser energy density (pattern 2) is unsuitable for structure due to an increase in Sa and Sq by 11% and 14.6%, respectively. Results have shown a maximum reduction in the normal and tangential force magnitude by 31 and 44% at 25 W compared to CMG. The work concludes that LAMG with novel laser assistance scan patterns has lower dynamic deflections resulting in better dimensional accuracy and surface finish compared to CMG with a lower tool.
The complex rheological behavior of a simple yield stress fluid
Authors: Accetta Francesco , Venerus David C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConcentrated emulsions and foams and microgels are comprised of deformable particles making these materials display complex rheological behavior that includes a yielding transition from an elastic solid to viscous fluid. Most studies of this class of soft matter involve shear flows and only a few report both shear and normal stresses. Here, we report measurements of the shear stress and two normal stress differences for a Carbobol microgel, which is usually classified as simple yield stress fluid, subjected to constant shear rate flows. Similar to our previous study, the shear stress evolves through the yield point in a manner indicative of simple yield stress fluid behavior while the normal stress differences evolve in a reproducibly chaotic manner. We also find that the evolution of the stresses is dependent on the whether the microgel has been in a state of relaxation or recovery prior to the measurement.
Evolutionary derivation inferences of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles in crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus, Caniformia, Carnivora) based on the topology, innervation, and anatomical variants
Authors: Vélez García Juan Fernando , Carrión Blanco Diego Alejandro , Moreno Gómez Gabriela , de Carvalho Barros Roseâmely Angélica , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a carnivoran of the family Procyonidae geographically distributed in Central and South America. It is a scansorial species with more terrestrial than arboreal abilities. Previous studies have described the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles in this species; however, the terminology and some muscle attachments differ among them. Besides, these studies did not consider the innervation to infer the evolutionary derivation of the muscles, and did not address the arterial supply. The present study aimed to analyze the anatomical arrangement of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles in six Procyon cancrivorus specimens fixed with 10% formaldehyde. The shape, origin, insertion, arterial supply, and variations were described. Furthermore, the innervation previously reported was reviewed again in detail to infer the evolutionary derivation of these muscles. Differences were found with previously reported findings in the same species and other procyonids. Some intraspecific anatomical variants were discovered, such as an accessory head in the biceps brachii muscle bilaterally; a biceps brachii muscle joined to the brachialis muscle unilaterally; and a fusion of the lateral and accessory heads of the triceps brachii muscle. Tensor fasciae antebrachii muscle is divided into two parts in most cases, which are innervated by the radial nerve. The anconeus medialis muscle is independent of the triceps brachii muscle and is innervated by the ulnar nerve. In conclusion, these muscles in P. cancrivorus potentially conserve the evolutionary derivation of the last common ancestor of mammals based on the topology, anatomical variations, and innervation.
Matrix weighted $$\alpha $$-modulation spaces
Authors: Nielsen Morten 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Given a matrix-weight W in the Muckenhoupt class

$$\textbf{A}_p({{\mathbb {R}}}^n)$$

A
p

(

R

n

)

,

$$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

, we introduce corresponding vector-valued continuous and discrete

$$\alpha $$

α

-modulation spaces

$$M^{s,\alpha }_{p,q}(W)$$

M

p
,
q

s
,
α

(
W
)

and

$$m^{s,\alpha }_{p,q}(W)$$

m

p
,
q

s
,
α

(
W
)

and prove their equivalence through the use of adapted tight frames. Compatible notions of molecules and almost diagonal matrices are also introduced, and an application to the study of Fourier multipliers on vector valued spaces is given.
Dogs distinguish authentic human emotions without being empathic
Authors: Bräuer Juliane , Eichentopf Dorothea , Gebele Nomi , Jandke Louise , Mann Veronique , Schulte Katharina , Bender Yana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Several recent studies have investigated how dogs perceive human emotional expressions. They have measured the reactions of dogs when exposed to stimuli presented in different modalities, such as photographs, audio recordings or odor samples, or to humans simulating various emotional situations. In the current study, dog owners were manipulated to genuinely experience emotions of happiness, sadness, and neutrality. We measured how dogs responded to their owners’ authentic emotions in two different natural situations: induction of the emotion through a video clip and training of a new task. Through a detailed analysis of dog behavior in these naturalistic settings, we investigated whether dogs show behavioral responses to genuine human emotions. We found that dogs behaved differently depending on the owner’s emotional state: they gazed and jumped less at owners when they were sad, and their compliance with the ‘sit’ command was also diminished. When owners were happy, dogs performed better in the trained task. These results are discussed in light of how dogs perceive human emotional expressions and the adaptive value of this skill.
Benthic response to the strong Silurian climatic fluctuations—implications from Gotland (Sweden)
Authors: Claussen Anna Lene , Munnecke Axel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimatically the Silurian was a most unstable period, as it is shows several strong δ13C excursions, with the Lau excursion being the strongest short-lived positive δ13C excursion of the entire Phanerozoic. The causes of these excursions remain a topic of debate. In order to determine how benthic communities responded to these climatic perturbations, a microfacies analysis of carbonate rocks from the Silurian period (Late Telychian to the uppermost Ludfordian) of Gotland was conducted. The development of reefs was significantly enhanced during periods characterized by carbon isotope excursions, compared to time intervals without. In periods of elevated δ13C values (≥ 3 ‰) the abundance of bryozoans and microbes increases, and in some areas, they form reefs (bryostromatolites), while corals and stromatoporoids were the main reef builders in periods of lower isotope ratios (0–3 ‰). Furthermore, a significant increase of phosphatic components, gypsum pseudomorphs and the microproblematicum Palaeomicrocodium is observed in times of increased isotope ratios. A model is proposed that explains the changes in the benthic communities over time. It is based on previously published models and explains the geochemical processes from coastal areas to the open ocean. Changes are assumed from a humid climate in times without isotope excursions to an arid climate in times of isotope excursions. It emphasizes processes that may have led to the strong δ13C shifts during the Silurian period, and includes the phosphorus cycle in sea water as an important factor in the development of the benthic communities.
Visual activities of daily living survey for retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sugawara Takeshi , Pak Kyongsun , Miura Gen , Baba Takayuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To gauge the value of low-vision-specific function and activities of daily living measures (LVFAM) in the assessment of Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP).

Study design
Prospective observation study.

Methods
The May-July 2023 Visual activities of daily living (ADL) Survey of the low-vision-specific function and activities of daily living measure (LVFAM) was conducted on 15 RP patients attending our Ophthalmology outpatient clinic. We used the better corrected visual acuity, and the better Mean Deviation (MD) values of the central 10 degrees of Humphrey’s visual field as macular sensitivity, and examined the total scores after Rasch Analysis for each of the low-vision-specific function of Daily Living (LVFDL) and the low-vision-specific activities of Daily Living (LVADL) among LVFAM, as well as the relationship between the items.

Results
Age 26–78 (mean 60.8), 5 men and 10 women, corrected visual acuity of 0.01-1.0 (mean 0.45) in the better eye, macular sensitivity of 3.47-40.00 (mean 18.60) dB, mean 52.2 for LVFDL and 66.4 for LVADL. The correlations were positive for visual acuity and LVFDL and LVADL, and negative for macular sensitivity, LVFDL and LVADL. In addition, four items were scored 0 by at least 5 (33%) of the LVFDL respondents, and two items were scored 1 by at least 5 (33%) of the LVADL respondents, suggesting that the results differed by question items.

Conclusion
The LVFAM was useful not only for the total score but also for each question item in the development strategy of PROs in RP with no treatment.
Mental and physical well-being among students in Germany: results from the StudiBiFra study
Authors: Heinrichs Katherina , Lehnchen Jennifer , Burian Julia , Deptolla Zita , Heumann Eileen , Helmer Stefanie , Kucenko Sergej , Stock Christiane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study is to investigate the mental and physical health status among higher education students in Germany and to analyse potential health differences according to gender and strictness of COVID-19 protective measures.

Subject and methods
In the cross-sectional “StudiBiFra” study, students at 13 higher education institutions in Germany participated in an online survey on their mental and physical well-being. Data were assessed between June 2021 and March 2023 using the “Bielefeld Questionnaire on Study Conditions and Mental Health”. Besides descriptive analyses, χ2-tests were conducted to analyse differences in health variables according to gender or strictness of COVID-19 measures.

Results
Out of the sample of 24,533 students, about two-thirds were under 26 years old, another two-thirds were female, and 1.8% identified as gender-diverse. Approximately half of the sample participated under strict COVID-19 measures (spring 2021 to spring 2022). A high percentage of students reported physical complaints and mental health symptoms, especially exhaustion and tiredness. For most health variables, female students felt more affected than male students and students who identified as gender-diverse were more affected than the other two groups. Participants generally felt worse when surveyed under strict COVID-19 measures than under loosened conditions.

Conclusion
The mental and physical health status among higher education students in Germany was found to be rather poor. The observed symptoms can have a substantial impact on students’ daily lives. By addressing these issues, preferably in a gender-sensitive way, higher education institutions can improve the mental and physical well-being among their students.
How does interprofessional education affect attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration? A rapid realist synthesis
Authors: Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud Jean Anthony , Cignacco Eva , MacPhee Maura , Carron Tania , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) in healthcare is regarded as important by professionals, as it increases the quality of care while decreasing costs. Interprofessional education (IPE) is a prerequisite for IPC and influences learners’ attitudes, knowledge, and collaboration skills. Since attitudes shape behavior, understanding how they are formed is crucial for influencing IPC in learners’ professional practice. We investigated what kind of IPE works, for which students, how, and in what circumstances to develop positive attitudes towards IPC. Using realist synthesis, we extracted causal mechanisms that produce positive attitude outcomes and the conducive contexts that trigger them. Our analysis resulted in six plausible context-mechanism-outcome configurations that explain positive attitude development. Positive IPC attitudes are more likely to arise in contexts where IPE provides time and facilities for formal and informal interactions, as this allows learners to get to know each other both professionally and personally, fostering trust, respect, and mutual liking. Additionally, positive attitudes are more likely in contexts where the IPE curriculum is perceived as career-relevant and boosts confidence. Key mechanisms of positive attitude development include getting to know the other learners professionally and personally, experiencing positive affect during IPE, and learners experiencing mutual dependence. Sustained positive attitudes are more likely to develop when there is organizational support for IPC and professionals attend IPE on an ongoing basis, allowing the attitudes and values expected in IPC to be positively reinforced and eventually integrated into the learners’ personal value system.
Power positions in the farm family, marrying in, and negative peer pressure: the social relations that impact agricultural practice
Authors: Wicklow Dagmar , Shortall Sally 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we wish to consider relationships internal and external to the farm household, and how these enable and/or mitigate the adoption of better farm practices. We find that internally, members of the farm household (successors or spouses ‘marrying in’), can influence the future direction of agricultural practice in a positive way, that is more profitable and sustainable. It is not a straightforward process though. Interpersonal household relations play a role; status and standing within the family can impact on how decisions about change are made. This relates to both people marrying in and the position of the successor in an inter-generational household. We found that the power of the farming peer group to influence change is underestimated. Our data shows that farming is an occupation subject to strong cultural norms regarding acceptable farming practice. Sometimes farm family decisions to change agricultural practice falter under the weight of sanctions and derision encountered when trying to make adjustments. This paper draws from two data sets in Germany and England. We conclude that understanding internal farm household interactions, and their external relations with farming peer groups is critical to supporting the future of agriculture.
Two-agent proportionate flowshop scheduling with deadlines: polynomial-time optimization algorithms
Authors: Ying Kuo-Ching , Pourhejazy Pourya , Sung Chuan-En 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVolatility in the supply chain of critical products, notably the vaccine shortage during the pandemic, influences livelihoods and may lead to significant delays and long waiting times. Considering the capital- and time-intensive nature of capacity expansion plans, strategic operational production decisions are required best to address the supply-demand mismatches given the limited production resources. This research article investigates the production scenarios where the demand of one agent must be completed within a specified due date, hereinafter referred to as the deadline, while minimizing the maximum or total completion time of another agent's demand. For this purpose, the Two-Agent Proportionate Flowshop Scheduling Problem with deadlines is introduced. Two polynomial-time optimization algorithms are developed to solve these optimization problems. This study will serve as a basis for further developing this practical yet understudied scheduling problem.
Cole–Hopf linearization of the thermocapillary Marangoni dynamics of a two-dimensional bubble with insoluble surfactant
Authors: Crowdy Darren 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Marangoni stress-induced dynamics of a two-dimensional inviscid bubble loaded with insoluble surfactant moving in a linear temperature gradient is studied in the limit of small Reynolds, capillary and thermal Péclet numbers. The bubble moves due to the combined effects of thermocapillary Marangoni stresses and those induced by the advective-diffusive spreading of an initial concentration of surfactant on the bubble boundary. It is shown that this nonlinear multiphysics initial value problem is linearizable at any finite non-zero value of a surface Péclet number$$Pe_s$$Pesgoverning the size of surface diffusion of the insoluble surfactant relative to its advective spreading. This is done by showing that the dynamics can be encoded in the evolution of a function, analytic and single-valued outside the bubble, that satisfies a complex partial differential equation of Burgers type. It is shown that this equation can be linearized by a complex generalization of the classical Cole–Hopf transformation. A numerical method is formulated to solve this linear partial differential equation and determine the Marangoni dynamics of a bubble with some initial surfactant concentration and illustrative calculations are carried out. Results are shown to be consistent with exact equilibrium solutions available from the formulation as$$Pe_s \rightarrow 0$$Pes→0and$$Pe_s \rightarrow \infty $$Pes→∞and a perturbative formula for the bubble migration velocity at large but finite$$Pe_s$$Pes.
Socio-economic Development and Carbon Productivity: A Panel Data Analysis of the World’s Largest Carbon-Emitting Countries
Authors: Mehmood Bilal , Raza Mohsin , Pervaiz Mariyam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs global concerns about climate change intensify, assessing the environmental efficiency of production processes through carbon productivity has become increasingly important. This study examines the impact of socio-economic development on carbon productivity in the top 18 CO2-emitting countries, which contribute approximately 82% of global CO2 emissions, over the period 1990–2019. Using a class of econometric tests to address heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, we employ the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model for final estimation, ensuring robustness with Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimations. The empirical findings reveal that GDP per capita, Trade, and FDI increase carbon productivity while energy consumption and urbanization curtail carbon productivity. The country-specific effects indicated that 83% of the sample countries exhibit positive relationships between socio-economic development and carbon productivity, suggesting that these nations can serve as models for effective low-carbon policies. Moreover, the results demonstrate bi-directional relationships for GDP per capita, FDI, and energy use with carbon productivity and uni-causal relationship for trade and urbanization. The study highlights the need for implementing stricter regulations to improve energy efficiency and promote the adoption of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power. Additionally, countries should incentivize green technology investments through tax breaks and subsidies, enhance international trade agreements that support the exchange of clean technologies, and develop sustainable urban planning initiatives to mitigate the negative impact of urbanization on carbon productivity.
Inter-linkages between in-stream plant diversity and macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Baattrup-Pedersen Annette , Friis Klaus Bertram , Friberg Nikolai , Riis Tenna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEvidence of freshwater biodiversity decline, species extinction and severe alterations in the biological structure and function of freshwater ecosystems is accumulating. Here we explore the role of macrophyte diversity in lowland streams for the abundance, taxon richness and composition of macroinvertebrate communities also including the abundance of different functional feeding groups. We applied a controlled in situ experiment in four small lowland stream reaches situated in rural landscapes in Denmark. We were able to explain a major fraction of the variability in the macroinvertebrate communities by differences in total macrophyte surface areas among treatments, but the number of macrophyte species in the experimental treatment also played a highly significant role (i.e. one, two or three plant species) for both the abundance, richness and composition of the macroinvertebrate community. We strongly encourage managers to protect plant diversity in streams, not only because the plants themselves constitute an important part of the biodiversity, but also because they positively affect the macroinvertebrate community. Moreover, macrophyte-friendly management can be seen as a nature-based solution to mitigate the degraded physical conditions characterising many streams in agricultural catchments.