bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the correlation between flow physics and cylinder acoustic using different turbulence models
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Sun Peng , Zhao Teng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper focuses on an underwater cylindrical body and conduct a comparative study of its hydrodynamic and hydrodynamic noise characteristics based on the LES turbulence model, the DDES EB k-epsilon turbulence model, and the IDDES SST (Menter) k-omega turbulence model combined with the FW-H equation. Quadrupole noise is captured through a penetrable integral surface combined with the "vanishing sphere" formula. The mechanisms behind the differences in flow noise calculations of different turbulence models are explored by considering both dipole and quadrupole noise sources. The main research content of this paper is as follows: Firstly, the primary dipole and quadrupole noise sources of the cylindrical body are quickly predicted based on a broadband noise source model, and the effects of three turbulence models on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the cylindrical body are compared. Secondly, based on three different turbulence models, the far-field flow noise radiated from the cylindrical body and the penetrable integral surface as sound sources is compared with experimental data. The LES turbulence model and the far-field noise radiated from the penetrable integral surface show better agreement with the experimental results. Finally, by identifying the dipole and quadrupole noise sources of the cylindrical body using the three turbulence models, the reasons why the LES turbulence model provides more accurate flow noise predictions are explained. This paper offers valuable references for the applicability of turbulence models in flow noise prediction.
Information Mismatch in PHH3-Assisted Mitosis Annotation Leads to Interpretation Shifts in H&amp;E Slide Analysis
Authors: Ganz Jonathan , Marzahl Christian , Ammeling Jonas , Rosbach Emely , Richter Barbara , Puget Chloé , Denk Daniela , Demeter Elena A. , Tăbăran Flaviu A. , Wasinger Gabriel , Lipnik Karoline , Tecilla Marco , Valentine Matthew J. , Dark Michael J. , Abele Niklas , Bolfa Pompei , Erber Ramona , Klopfleisch Robert , Merz Sophie , Donovan Taryn , Jabari Samir , Bertram Christof , Breininger Katharina , Aubreville Marc 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker, as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. In a computer-aided setting, deep learning algorithms can help to mitigate this, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithms' performance. Unlike H&E, where identification of MFs is based mainly on morphological features, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E.
However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E staining alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce an interpretation shift and even label noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance.
This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. Subsequently, MF detectors, including a novel dual-stain detector, were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models' performance.

We found that the annotators' object-level agreement significantly increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling (F1: 0.53 to 0.74). However, this enhancement in label consistency did not translate to improved performance for H&E-based detectors, neither during the training phase nor the evaluation phase. Conversely, the dual-stain detector was able to benefit from the higher consistency. This reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect, which renders PHH3-assisted annotations not well-aligned for use with H&E-based detectors. Based on our findings, we propose an improved PHH3-assisted labeling procedure.
The effect of audio-recorded program on knowledge and self-reported practices of menstruation and hygiene among visually impaired young girls in Rwanda: a mixed method study
Authors: Bagirisano Justine , Bazakare Marie Laetitia Ishimwe , Nkururnziza Aimable , Hitayezu Jean Bosco Henri , Uwera Yvonne Delphine Nsaba , Mukankusi Juliet Norah , Ntirushwa David , Godfrey Katende , Mukamana Donatilla , Habtu Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:Menstrual hygiene practices among visually impaired young girls are a significant public health concern in Rwanda due to cultural taboos and beliefs. Limited knowledge about menstruation leads to inadequate hygiene practices, increasing the risk of cervical cancer, urinary tract infections, and reduced quality of life. The menstrual hygiene needs of girls who are visually impaired and who depend on daily help for personal hygiene are not adequately addressed in previous studies.
Objectives:This research aimed to assess the effect of audio-recorded program on knowledge and self-reported practices of menstruation and hygiene among visually impaired young girls in Rwanda.
Methodology:A pre-post intervention study was conducted involving 93 visually impaired adolescent girls from four selected institutions. Convenience sampling was employed, and after obtaining consent and assent, baseline socio-demographic data were collected. Prior to and following an audio-recorded intervention, a pretested tool was used to measure participants' knowledge and practices about menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Paired t tests was used to analyze changes in knowledge and practices scores. In addition, a qualitative approach using focus group discussions was used to evaluate the perceived effect of the audio recorded program. Data were organized by Dodoose software and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results:The majority of participants (67.7%) were enrolled in secondary education and lived in rural areas (76.3%), with the biggest proportion (43%) being between the ages of 16 and 20. The young visually impaired girls' mean knowledge score about menstruation increased significantly (p<0.001) from 3.62 prior to the audio-recorded program implementation to 7.55 following the program. Similarly, prior to the program, the overall mean practice score was 7.30; after the program, it significantly (<0.001) increased to 9.03. Besides, four themes emerged from the qualitative research, including improved knowledge and abilities, boosted confidence, the convenience of audio, and the perceived need to increase audio effectiveness.
Conclusion: The study underscores the success of audio-recorded interventions and this suggests that the intervention is helpful to promote knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among visually impaired girls. Furthermore, randomized controlled trial with control groups is recommended.
The effect of the use of drainage or not on blood loss and knee function after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Shuyin , Zhou Yishu , Ma Yukun , Xiong Yang , Yue Xinliang , Wei Jieyun , Meng Letian , Zhao Dingyan , Yu Xing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To observe the impact of drainage on blood indices and knee function recovery in patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 115 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA for knee osteoarthritis from January 2015 to October 2022 in our hospital. Patients were categorized into two groups: the drainage group (D group) and the non-drainage group (ND group) based on the use of a postoperative drainage tube. Data collected included hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), total theoretical surgical blood loss, degree of knee swelling, knee range of motion, Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS), and visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results
The baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Preoperative HGB and HCT levels were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). Postoperatively, HGB and HCT levels decreased significantly at all time points in both groups compared to preoperative levels (P < 0.05). HGB and HCT levels continued to decline on postoperative day 1 and day 3, rebounding on day 7. At each postoperative time point, HGB and HCT levels were significantly higher in the ND group compared to the D group (P < 0.05). Specific values for HGB on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 were 119.2 ± 11.6, 109.0 ± 11.7, and 112.7 ± 12.2 in the ND group, and 112.9 ± 10.2, 100.1 ± 9.2, and 103.8 ± 9.6 in the D group. HCT levels on the same days were 35.3 ± 3.6, 32.3 ± 3.6, and 33.4 ± 3.8 in the ND group, and 33.2 ± 2.9, 29.5 ± 2.5, and 30.6 ± 2.7 in the D group. Total perioperative blood loss was significantly lower in the ND group (809.4 ± 228.6) compared to the D group (1029.2 ± 203.4) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
For patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA, postoperative drainage may not be necessary. Omitting drainage does not compromise surgical efficacy and does not significantly impact knee swelling or pain levels. Conversely, the use of a drainage tube can lead to increased total blood loss.
Expression of synaptic proteins and development of dendritic spines in fetal and postnatal neocortex of the pig, the European wild boar Sus scrofa
Authors: Sobierajski Eric , Czubay Katrin , Schmidt Marc-André , Wiedenski Sebastian , Rettschlag Sarah , Beemelmans Christa , Beemelmans Christoph , Wahle Petra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Synapse formation is a critical step in neuronal development. Current knowledge is largely based on altricial rodents where synapse formation and maturation proceed largely postnatally. In precocially born mammals such as guinea pig presynapse and spine formation start well before birth. Here, we analysed the developmental expression of proteins associated with synapse formation and maturation together with the development of basal dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of visual and somatosensory cortex of the pig, an emerging translational model for human neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 23 selected proteins was quantified with Western blots. Most were detectable from midgestation embryonal day (E) 65 onwards. About half reached the adult expression level seen in postnatal day (P) 90 pig cortex already two weeks before birth (gestation 114 days) in somatosensory, albeit not yet in visual cortex. For instance, major molecular components of synaptic plasticity such as GluN2B, CamKIIα, α-actinin-2, synaptopodin and T286 phosphorylated CamKIIα were expressed at E100 in somatosensory cortex. Dendritic spine type quantification with DiI-labeled material revealed an increase of total dendritic protrusion from E70 onwards. The increase was steepest in somatosensory cortex which had, at E110, a proportion of mushroom spines equal to the proportion present at P90. Together, matching the ungulate life history, a rapid development of functional synaptic connectivity in prenatal somatosensory cortex serves the somatomotor abilities essentially required by the newborn nest-fledgling. Results support the “cascading” model of a sequential maturation of cortical areas, and in precocial species the cascade starts well before birth.
Results of an observational intervention trial: A promising harm reduction approach for persons with mental health and substance use disorders
Authors: McGirr Kevin , Pratt Sarah , Ferron Joelle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Individuals with mental health and substance use disorders smoke at much higher rates and have lower quit rates than the general population. This observational study evaluated the impact of a novel harm reduction intervention model on tobacco use in this group.
Methods: The intervention included weekly support and allowed participants to set personal change goals and to use any of seven “aids” (patch, lozenge, gum, e-cigarettes, varenicline, bupropion, snus) or to decline the use of aids. The support consisted of 24 weeks of brief counseling or "SWITCH It," (8 weeks of coaching on replacing cigarettes with e-cigarettes). Primary outcomes included salivary DNA methylation, breath carbon monoxide (CO), and self-reported cigarettes per day (CPD). Eligibility required fluency in English or Spanish, salivary DNA methylation score <68, receipt of public health services, and the capacity to provide consent, but did not require an intention to quit. Qualitative data included focus groups, individual staff interviews, and counselor notes regarding barriers to change. Participants received modest compensation for interventions and data collection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, t-tests, and longitudinal multiple regression models.
Results: Analyses included 270 eligible individuals. There were significant increases in salivary DNA methylation scores from baseline to 6 and 12 months, and reductions over 6 months in CPD and breath CO. More weeks using e-cigarettes was associated with greater reduction in CPD and CO, but not salivary DNA methylation. Fewer years of smoking was associated with greater reduction in CPD. Most (85%) participants chose to use e-cigarettes, followed by FDA-approved nicotine replacement; very few individuals elected to use medications or snus. Participants appreciated the flexibility, lack of pressure to stop smoking, easy access to pharmacotherapy, and longer-term nature of the behavioral support. Examining cessation based on CO<6, outcomes resembled other large community-based trials in which desire to quit smoking was required.
Conclusions: While the results demonstrate some promise in reducing tobacco use, it appears that most individuals require a more sustained commitment on the part of behavioral systems to enhance continued tobacco reduction.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04523948.
Braving the Dark: Mental Health Challenges and Academic Performance of Ukrainian University Students During the War
Authors: Pinchuk Irina , Feldman Inna , Seleznova Violetta , Virchenko Volodymyr 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose The paper aims to analyse the impact of mental health problems on the academic performance of university students using data from a cross-sectional survey of Ukrainian university students during the war. The prevalence of mental health problems among students with their subsequent division into different severity groups is investigated.Methods The study combines a cross-sectional survey method to collect data and a regression analysis technique to identify mental health problems that have the most negative impact on students' academic performance during the war. The survey questionnaire includes a demographic section, mental health screening tools, as well as Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Special Health Problems (WPAI: SHP) section, adapted for the purpose of the study. The data sample includes responses from 1398 university students from different regions of Ukraine.Results According to survey data 85.8% of all respondents had depression symptoms, 66.1% – anxiety symptoms, 56.9% – symptoms of sleep disorder, and 48.1% – PTSD symptoms. Results of econometric modeling confirms the devastating effect of mental health problems on academic performance of university students during the war, in particular, a severe depression symptoms, anxiety disorder symptoms and sleep disorder symptoms are associated with 17.4%, 12.2% and 11.0% decrease in academic performance of university students, respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of mental health problems and related academic performance impairment among students during wartime become a challenge for the successful recovery of Ukrainian society and therefore require a quick response at both the institutional and public policy levels.
Adaptive Divergence and Functional Convergence: The Evolution of Pulmonary Gene Expression in Amphibians of the Qingzang Plateau
Authors: Chang Liming , Zhu Wei , Chen Qiheng , Zhao Chunlin , Sui Lulu , Shen Cheng , Zhang Qunde , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Qingzang Plateau, with its harsh environmental conditions—low oxygen, high ultraviolet radiation, and significant temperature fluctuations—demands specialized adaptations for survival. While extensive research has focused on genetic adaptations to these extreme conditions, the role of gene expression in amphibian adaptation remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to investigate pulmonary gene expression variation across multiple amphibian species on the plateau, seeking to understand how genetic and environmental factors contribute to gene expression evolution in these challenging environments.
Results
Our analysis reveals significant variation in pulmonary gene expression among amphibian species, driven by both genetic diversity and environmental pressures. Contrary to the predictions of the unbounded neutral evolution model, we found no significant correlation between gene expression divergence and genetic distance. Instead, species-specific characteristics and environmental factors, such as UVB radiation, oxygen availability, and temperature, significantly influence gene expression patterns. For example, B. gargarizans exhibited high gene expression responsiveness to multiple environmental factors, while S. boulengeri showed limited responsiveness, suggesting different adaptive strategies among species. Despite divergence in specific gene expression profiles, functional enrichment analysis highlighted a convergence in critical biological processes like angiogenesis, ATP binding, and cellular responses to environmental stressors, which are vital for high-altitude survival.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the evolution of gene expression in high-altitude amphibians is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors playing significant roles. The convergence in essential biological functions, despite divergence in specific gene expression profiles, underscores the shared adaptive requirements of high-altitude environments. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of gene expression evolution and highlight the importance of considering both genetic and environmental components when studying adaptation in extreme habitats.
Enhancing movement opportunity and fulfilling behavioural needs for movement- restricted cattle by providing different conditions of access to exercise
Authors: Cellier Marjorie , Shepley Elise , Aigueperse Nadège , Robichaud Marianne Villettaz , Vasseur Elsa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Intensification in animal productions has led to increased indoor confinement for animals, thereby limiting their opportunities to fulfill some behavioural needs such as exploration and locomotion. This poses a crucial question as to how these restrictions can be alleviated by providing additional space designed with that specific purpose in mind. Working with cows housed in a movement-restricted environment, our study aimed to: 1) quantify how providing an exercise area outside the normal housing environment affects locomotor behaviour; 2) evaluate how exercise access conditions can contribute to optimize benefits for animals; 3) investigate the cows’ time budgets during exercise access. Six trials involving different exercise access conditions (indoor vs outdoor, outing duration, exercise area size) enrolled 141 tie-stall-housed lactating Holsteins. A meta-analysis compared daily steps for exercise vs non-exercise treatments, while generalized linear mixed models determined exercise conditions’ impact on daily steps. Providing 1-hour exercise access increased daily steps by 53% (304 more steps), influenced by type of access (167 more steps outdoor vs indoor), larger space (146 more steps) and longer outings (84 more steps). Cows spent 50–85% of exercise time idle, exploring (5–20%) and socializing (5%). Our results highlight the significant impact of 1h daily exercise on movement-restricted cattle.
Point prevalence survey on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Ukrainian acute care hospitals: results of the pilot survey in 2021
Authors: Vodianyk Arkadii , Diomin Eugene , Kolesnyk Roman , Panasiuk Maria , Rehse Ana Paula Coutinho , Vatcheva-Dobrevska Rossitza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
According to official statistics, 2611 cases of health care associated infections (HAI) were reported in 2019 in Ukraine, however true burden of HAI remains unknown. The pilot point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAI and antimicrobial use was organized in Ukrainian acute care hospitals in 2021 to assess prevalence of HAI and antimicrobial use.
Methods
Five acute healthcare facilities participated in the point prevalence survey applying European Centre’s for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) protocol “Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals” (version 5.3). Hospital and patient data were collected during March-April 2021. In total, 1,373 patients were included. Analysis of data was conducted using HelicsWin.Net (HWN).
Results
The HAI prevalence among the five hospitals was 5,7% (95% CI: 4,5% – 6,9%). 93% of HAI were detected during the period of hospitalization, and 7% were present on admission and were associated with another hospital. HAI prevalence was 16,7% in intensive care units, and 7,6% in surgical units. HAIs were less prevalent in medical and obstetrics/gynecology units − 3,0% and 1,9% respectively. Surgical site infections were the most prevalent type of HAI – 33,7%. Antimicrobial (AM) prescription prevalence was 36.9% (CI 95% 34.5–39.5%).
Conclusions
The PPS was instrumental to raise awareness regarding HAI and antimicrobial use. The pilot PPS results indicate that current official statistics may not quantify the actual HAI burden in the country. A nationwide PPS is highly recommended to further understand the extent of the HAI burden in Ukraine, and to support implementation of tailored infection prevention and control measures.
Automation of Opinion Analysis in Social Networks Using Transformers
Authors: Ruiz Alberto González , Honrubia Antonio Jesús Díaz , Ruiz Ernestina Menasalvas , Galán Luis Mengual 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The analysis of opinions on social networks is a fundamental task to understand perceptions and trends within online communities. This work presents an automated methodology based on transformers, a deep learning architecture that has proven highly effective in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Automation using transformers allows for faster and more accurate analysis of large volumes of textual data, providing valuable insights for decision-making. The main challenges are discussed, and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.