bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of transitions from single to multiple job holding: Results of a longitudinal study among employees aged 45‐64 in the Netherlands
Authors: Bouwhuis Stef , Geuskens Goedele A. , Boot Cécile R. L. , Bongers Paulien M. , van der Beek Allard J. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo construct prediction models for transitions to combination multiple job holding (MJH) (multiple jobs as an employee) and hybrid MJH (being an employee and self‐employed), among employees aged 45‐64.MethodsA total of 5187 employees in the Netherlands completed online questionnaires annually between 2010 and 2013. We applied logistic regression analyses with a backward elimination strategy to construct prediction models.ResultsTransitions to combination MJH and hybrid MJH were best predicted by a combination of factors including: demographics, health and mastery, work characteristics, work history, skills and knowledge, social factors, and financial factors. Not having a permanent contract and a poor household financial situation predicted both transitions. Some predictors only predicted combination MJH, e.g., working part‐time, or hybrid MJH, e.g., work‐home interference.ConclusionsA wide variety of factors predict combination MJH and/or hybrid MJH. The prediction model approach allowed for the identification of predictors that have not been previously studied.
Capture and coding of industry and occupation measures: Findings from eight National Program of Cancer Registries states
Authors: Freeman MaryBeth B. , Pollack Lori A. , Rees Judy R. , Johnson Christopher J. , Rycroft Randi K. , Rousseau David L. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin ,   On behalf of the enhancement of NPCR for comparative effectiveness research team
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAlthough data on industry and occupation (I&O) are important for understanding cancer risks, obtaining standardized data is challenging. This study describes the capture of specific I&O text and the ability of a web‐based tool to translate text into standardized codes.MethodsData on 62 525 cancers cases received from eight National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) states were submitted to a web‐based coding tool developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for translation into standardized I&O codes. We determined the percentage of sufficiently analyzable codes generated by the tool.ResultsUsing the web‐based coding tool on data obtained from chart abstraction, the NPCR cancer registries achieved between 48% and 75% autocoding, but only 12‐57% sufficiently analyzable codes.ConclusionsThe ability to explore associations between work‐related exposures and cancer is limited by current capture and coding of I&O data. Increased training of providers and registrars, as well as software enhancements, will improve the utility of I&O data.
Trends in exposure to respirable crystalline silica (1986‐2014) in Australian mining
Authors: Peters Susan , Vermeulen Roel , Fritschi Lin , Musk AW (Bill) , Reid Alison , de Klerk Nicholas 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundRespirable crystalline silica (RCS) has been associated with severe health risks. Exposures in Western Australia (WA) have been typically high in hard‐rock mining and have reduced substantially since the mid‐1900s. We described trends in RCS exposure in WA miners over the past 30 years.MethodsA total of 79 445 reported personal RCS exposure measurements, covering the years 1986‐2014, were examined. Mixed‐effects models were applied to estimate RCS exposure levels, including spline terms to estimate a time trend.ResultsAn overall downward trend of about −8% per year was observed for RCS exposures in WA mining. Highest RCS exposure levels were modeled for base metal mining and exploration settings. Drilling occupations were among the highest exposed jobs.ConclusionRCS exposure levels have fallen considerably in the last three decades. However, there are still mining occupations that may need further attention to avoid adverse health effects in these workers.
Kaskaden in Kompartimenten: auf dem Weg zu maschinengestützter Biotechnologie
Authors: Rabe Kersten S. , Müller Joachim , Skoupi Marc , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiologische Kompartimentierung ist ein fundamentales Prinzip des Lebens, das Zellen den Stoffwechsel, die Vermehrung und die Kommunikation mit ihrer Umgebung ermöglicht. Es wird viel am Verständnis dieses grundsätzlichen Prinzips geforscht, um biomimetische Kompartimente und katalytische Kaskaden als Hilfsmittel für den technologischen Fortschritt zu nutzen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung zusammen und legt besondere Schwerpunkte auf die Größenordnung der Systeme, den Stofftransport und die Anordnung katalytischer Einheiten mithilfe von molekularen Gerüsten. Dabei reicht das Spektrum von kleinen Vernetzern über Proteine und Nucleinsäuren bis zu Kolloiden und strukturierten Oberflächen. Die Schlussfolgerung lautet, dass die zukünftige Erforschung und Anwendung dieser komplexen Systeme stark von technischen Lösungen profitieren wird, die eine integrierte, maschinengestützte Entwicklung und Durchführung einer nächsten Generation biotechnologischer Prozesse ermöglichen. Dieses Ziel sollte durch Implementierung von Mikrofluidik, Robotik und ergänzenden Fertigungsverfahren erreichbar sein und maßgeblich durch Simulationen und computergestützte Prozessmodellierung auf Basis von “Big Data” aus multiskalaren experimentellen Analysen ergänzt werden.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Complex Artificial Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Madhavachary Rudrakshula , Abdelraheem Eman M. M. , Rossetti Arianna , Twarda‐Clapa Aleksandra , Musielak Bogdan , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Kalinowska‐Tłuścik Justyna , Holak Tad A. , Dömling Alexander 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe design and synthesis of head‐to‐tail linked artificial macrocycles using the Ugi‐reaction has been developed. This synthetic approach of just two steps is unprecedented, short, efficient and works over a wide range of medium (8–11) and macrocyclic (≥12) loop sizes. The substrate scope and functional group tolerance is exceptional. Using this approach, we have synthesized 39 novel macrocycles by two or even one single synthetic operation. The properties of our macrocycles are discussed with respect to their potential to bind to biological targets that are not druggable by conventional, drug‐like compounds. As an application of these artificial macrocycles we highlight potent p53–MDM2 antagonism.
Metal‐Free Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon for Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethanol
Authors: Song Yanfang , Chen Wei , Zhao Chengcheng , Li Shenggang , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCO2 electroreduction is a promising technique for satisfying both renewable energy storage and a negative carbon cycle. However, it remains a challenge to convert CO2 into C2 products with high efficiency and selectivity. Herein, we report a nitrogen‐doped ordered cylindrical mesoporous carbon as a robust metal‐free catalyst for CO2 electroreduction, enabling the efficient production of ethanol with nearly 100 % selectivity and high faradaic efficiency of 77 % at −0.56 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergetic effect of the nitrogen heteroatoms and the cylindrical channel configurations facilitate the dimerization of key CO* intermediates and the subsequent proton–electron transfers, resulting in superior electrocatalytic performance for synthesizing ethanol from CO2.
Photo‐induced grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) onto polyamide thin film composite membranes
Authors: Hong Anh Ngo Thu , Mori Shinsuke , Thi Tran Dung 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, the surface grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) onto commercial polyamide thin film composite (TFC‐PA) membranes was carried out, using ultraviolet photo‐induced graft polymerization method. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectra verify a successful grafting of PEG onto the TFC‐PA membrane surface. The scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope analyses demonstrate the changes of the membrane surface morphology due to the formation of the PEG‐grafted layer on the top. The contact angle measurements illustrate the increased hydrophilicity of the TFC‐PA‐g‐PEG membrane surfaces, with a significantly reduced water contact angles compared to the unmodified one. Consequently, the separation performance of the PEG‐grafted membranes is highly improved, with a significant enhancement of flux at a great retention for removal of the different objects in aqueous feed solutions. In addition, the antifouling property of the modified membranes is also clearly improved, with the higher maintained flux ratios and the lower irreversible fouling factors compared to the unmodified membrane. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45454.
Polyaniline salt containing dual dopants, pyrelenediimide tetracarboxylic acid, and sulfuric acid: Fluorescence and supercapacitor
Authors: Gottam Ramesh , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Srinivasan Palaniappan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTStorage of energy is considered as the most germane technologies to address the future sustainability. In this study, aniline was chemically oxidized with a controlled concentration of pyrelenediimide tetracarboxylic acid (PDITCA) by ammonium persulfate to polyaniline salt (PANI‐H2SO4‐PDITCA), with nanorods morphologies, having a sensibly decent conductivity of 0.8 S cm−1, wherein H2SO4 was generated from ammonium persulfate during polymerization. PANI‐H2SO4‐PDITCA salt showed bathochromic fluorescence shift (595 nm) compared to PDITCA (546 nm). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the PANI‐H2SO4‐PDITCA‐25 and PANI‐H2SO4‐PDITCA‐50 were 18.3 and 21.4 m2 g−1, respectively. Furthermore, its energy storage efficiency was evaluated by supercapacitor cell configuration. The composite PANI‐H2SO4‐PDITCA‐50 showed capacitance 460 F g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 and large cycle life 85,000 cycles with less retention of 77% to its original capacitance (200 F g−1) even at a better discharge rate of 3.3 A g−1. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45456.
Socio‐sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analyses of existing literature
Authors: Hancock Grace I. P. , Stokes Mark A. , Mesibov Gary B. 
Published: July 2017

Socio‐sexual functioning encompasses an individual's interests, behaviors, and knowledge with respect to sexual, romantic, and social aspects of life. An individual's understanding of these domains is developed through a range of informal and formal avenues of sexual health education. The current model demonstrated this and proposed that, compared to typically developing individuals, those with ASD develop socio‐sexual functioning differently due to having less peer engagement, less relationship experience, more parental guidance, greater use of online materials, receive less school‐based sexual health education, and more support from wellbeing services. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues. Some of the current meta‐analytic results are cautioned by large l‐square statistics which suggest that a degree of variance is being caused by extraneous factors. Further empirical research in this area is needed to overcome current design and sample limitations. Finally, the Sexual Behavior Scale was the most commonly utilized tool in the meta‐analyzed studies, thus comprehensive evaluation of its functioning is warranted. The importance of work in this area is highlighted by the central role of social and sexual wellbeing on one's quality of life. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1823–1833. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryReview of existing literature revealed that individuals with ASD have greater difficultly adhering to privacy norms, engage in less social behavior, are described as engaging in less appropriate sexual behavior, have greater concerns about themselves, and receive less sexual health education. Having fewer opportunities for appropriate informal and formal sexual health education leaves them at a double disadvantage from others who are receiving this information from both of these avenues.
Hematuria as the first sign of multiple myeloma
Authors: Alves Mariana , Moreno Raul , Rodrigues Fátima , Rodrigues Anabela , Fonseca Teresa 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessagePatients with multiple myeloma may present with several signs and symptoms, inclusive of hemorrhagic diathesis. This case emphasizes the need to suspect uncommon etiologies for common signs and to be aware of the atypical effects of paraproteinemia.
Double‐Arm Lanthanide Tags Deliver Narrow Gd3+–Gd3+ Distance Distributions in Double Electron–Electron Resonance (DEER) Measurements
Authors: Welegedara Adarshi P. , Yang Yin , Lee Michael D. , Swarbrick James D. , Huber Thomas , Graham Bim , Goldfarb Daniella , Otting Gottfried 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDouble‐arm cyclen‐based Gd3+ tags are shown to produce accurate nanometer scale Gd3+–Gd3+ distance measurements in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments by confining the space accessible to the metal ion. The results show excellent agreement with predictions both for the maximum and width of the measured distance distributions. For distance measurements in proteins, the tags can be attached to two cysteine residues located in positions i and i+4, or i and i+8, of an α‐helix. In the latter case, an additional mutation introducing an aspartic acid at position i+4 achieves particularly narrow distribution widths. The concept is demonstrated with cysteine mutants of T4 lysozyme and maltose binding protein. We report the narrowest Gd3+–Gd3+ distance distributions observed to date for a protein. By limiting the contribution of tag mobility to the distances measured, double‐arm Gd3+ tags open new opportunities to study the conformational landscape of proteins in solution with high sensitivity.
Self‐Assembly of Nucleobase, Nucleoside and Nucleotide Coordination Polymers: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Lopez Anand , Liu Juewen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith multiple metal binding sites, nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides form various coordination polymers (CPs) with metal ions. These self‐assembled materials are very interesting for their simplicity to prepare, highly tunable structure and properties, and excellent biocompatibility. Polymerization is achieved under ambient conditions without the need of free radical initiators or UV light. Different nucleobases have different metal‐binding preferences, but in general most of their coordination sites prefer borderline or soft metals, while the phosphate groups in the nucleotides prefer hard Lewis acids. In this Focus Review, recent developments in this field are summarized starting from the synthesis and characterization of these CPs. Various metal ions including gold, silver, lanthanides, zinc, copper, and iron are individually reviewed, and each metal brings its own property into the CP materials. While most of these materials are non‐crystalline nanoparticles, under certain conditions crystalline metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and hydrogels can also be prepared. The applications of such CPs are then described including enzyme entrapment, drug loading and delivery, biosensor development, catalysis, coating of nanoparticles, and luminescence. Finally, future research opportunities of this field are discussed.
Relativistic Effect on 1J(M,C) in Me4M, Me3M−, Ph4M, and Ph3M− (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, and/or C): Role of s‐Type Lone Pair Orbitals in the Distinct Effect for the Anionic Species
Authors: Hayashi Satoko , Nishide Taro , Nakanishi Waro , Saito Masaichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIndirect one‐bond nuclear spin–spin couplings between M and C [1J(M,C)] in Me4M, Me3M−, Ph4M, and Ph3M− (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, C) are analyzed with consideration of the relativistic effect and by employing Slater‐type basis sets. The evaluated total values 1JTL(M,C) reproduced the observed values with some systematic calculation errors. Fermi contact terms 1JFC(M,C) contribute predominantly to 1JTL(M,C) (≈99 %). A distinct relativistic effect on 1J(Pb,C) is predicted for Me3Pb− and Ph3Pb−. The mechanisms for the distinct effect are elucidated by using the comparison between Me3Pb− and Me4Pb as an example. The contributions to 1JFC(M,C) [or 1JSD+FC(M,C), where SD denotes the spin–dipolar term] are decomposed into those of occupied orbitals and occupied‐to‐unoccupied transitions. The s‐type lone‐pair orbitals are demonstrated to contribute to the distinct relativistic effect on 1J(Pb,C) of Me3Pb− (and Ph3Pb−). The results are in sharp contrast to the cases of 1J(M,C) for M atoms lighter than Pb, such as Si, and are explained by the s character of the M−C bonds. This treatment enables visualization and clear recognition the origin of the nuclear couplings for the species exhibiting a relativistic effect.
Prominent Electron Penetration through Ultrathin Graphene Layer from FeNi Alloy for Efficient Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Bi Qingyuan , Wang Xin , Gu Feng , Du Xianlong , Bao Hongliang , Yin Guoheng , Liu Jianjun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe chemical transformation of CO2 is an efficient approach in low‐carbon energy system. The development of nonprecious metal catalysts with sufficient activity, selectivity, and stability for the generation of CO by CO2 reduction under mild conditions remains a major challenge. A hierarchical architecture catalyst composed of ultrathin graphene shells (2–4 layers) encapsulating homogeneous FeNi alloy nanoparticles shows enhance catalytic performance. Electron transfer from the encapsulated alloy can extend from the inner to the outer shell, resulting in an increased charge density on graphene. Nitrogen atom dopants can synergistically increase the electron density on the catalyst surface and modulate the adsorption capability for acidic CO2 molecules. The optimized FeNi3@NG (NG=N‐doped graphene) catalyst, with significant electron penetration through the graphene layer, effects exceptional CO2 conversion of 20.2 % with a CO selectivity of nearly 100 %, as well as excellent thermal stability at 523 K.
Prenatal maternal cortisol measures predict learning and short‐term memory performance in 3‐ but not 5‐month‐old infants
Authors: Thompson Laura A. , Morgan Gin , Unger Cynthia A. , Covey LeeAnna A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLittle is known about relations between maternal prenatal stress and specific cognitive processes—learning and memory—in infants. A modified crib‐mobile task was employed in a longitudinal design to test relations between maternal prenatal cortisol, prenatal subjective stress and anxiety, psychosocial variables, and learning and memory in 3‐ and 5‐month‐old infants. Results revealed that maternal prenatal cortisol was affected by particular psychosocial variables (e.g., maternal age, whether or not the infant's grandmother provided childcare, financial status), but was unrelated to measures of maternal depression, anxiety, and stress. Although maternal prenatal cortisol was not predictive of learning or memory performance in 5‐month‐old infants, higher levels of basal maternal cortisol and reduced prenatal cortisol response was predictive of some learning and short‐term memory measures in 3‐month‐old infants. These results suggest an influence of maternal neuroendocrine functioning on fetal neurological development, and the importance of separate examination of subjective and biological measures of stress.
Association between early life adversity and inflammation during infancy
Authors: David Jason , Measelle Jeffrey , Ostlund Brendan , Ablow Jennifer 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEarly life adversity is associated with adult elevations of inflammatory markers such as circulating levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have measured inflammation or its association with psychosocial stress during infancy. Existing evidence suggests that early adversity can embed itself into young children's biology with implications for lifelong development. This study examined the association between psychosocial stress and salivary CRP in infants. Early adversity in the form of socioeconomic disadvantage and maternal psychosocial stress were measured when infants were 17 months old. Resting state saliva samples were collected to assess CRP (pg/ml) levels via enzyme immunoassay. Results revealed that both socioeconomic disadvantage and maternal psychosocial stress were independently associated with higher infant CRP levels. These results raise questions about timing of exposure to adversity, and about the potentially lasting effects on inflammatory processes when such exposure occurs early in development.
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems
Authors: Heggenes Jan , Odland Arvid , Chevalier Tomas , Ahlberg Jörgen , Berg Amanda , Larsson Håkan , Bjerketvedt Dag K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMammalian herbivores have important top‐down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free‐ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low‐intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified. The cold‐adapted northern tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a wide‐ranging keystone herbivore in large open alpine and Arctic ecosystems. Reindeer may largely subsist on different species of slow‐growing ground lichens, particularly in winter. Lichen grows in dry, snow‐poor habitats with frost. Their varying elasticity makes them suitable for studying trampling. In replicated factorial experiments, high‐resolution 3D laser scanning was used to quantify lichen volume loss from trampling by a reindeer hoof. Losses were substantial, that is, about 0.3 dm3 per imprint in dry thick lichen, but depended on type of lichen mat and humidity. Immediate trampling volume loss was about twice as high in dry, compared to humid thin (2–3 cm), lichen mats and about three times as high in dry vs. humid thick (6–8 cm) lichen mats, There was no significant difference in volume loss between 100% and 50% wetted lichen. Regained volume with time was insignificant for dry lichen, whereas 50% humid lichen regained substantial volumes, and 100% humid lichen regained almost all lost volume, and mostly within 10–20 min. Reindeer trampling may have from near none to devastating effects on exposed lichen forage. During a normal week of foraging, daily moving 5 km across dry 6‐ to 8‐cm‐thick continuous lichen mats, one adult reindeer may trample a lichen volume corresponding to about a year's supply of lichen. However, the lichen humidity appears to be an important factor for trampling loss, in addition to the extent of reindeer movement.