bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why businesses succeed or fail: a study on small businesses in Pakistan
Authors: Hyder Shabir , Lussier Robert N. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to examine the factors that lead to either success or failure of small firms in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study methodology is a survey research applying the Lussier Model of business success and failure with a sample of 143 small businesses to better understand the reasons of their success or failure using logistic regression statistical analysis.

Findings
– Results indicate that business planning, proper employee staffing, adequate capital inflows and partnerships are important for the viability and success of small businesses in Pakistan.

Practical implications
– Results provide further support for the validity of the Lussier Model in Pakistan and globally. Thus, small business owner/managers can use the model to help improve their chances of success and to avoid failure. Other stakeholders, including parties that assist and advise them, investors and institutions who/that provide them with capital and other resources and communities and society by and large, can also benefit from this model. The results and discussion also provide information to assist public policymakers in developing programs to support small business development.

Originality/value
– This is the first study on success and failure of small businesses in Pakistan. With the great discrepancy in the literature as to which variables, in fact, distinguish success from failure, there is no accepted theory. Thus, this study contributes to the literature to better understand why some businesses succeed and others fail, and it supports the use of the Lussier Model globally.
Trust building with Chinese host country nationals
Authors: Ang Fenny , Tan Hwee Hoon 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Integrating the literature on trust building and cultural intelligence, the purpose of this paper is to understand how expatriate managers build trust with their host country nationals (HCNs) in China.Design/methodology/approach– Qualitative data collected via extensive interviews with 12 expatriate managers and 34 HCNs from seven multinational companies in Shanghai.Findings– The authors find that expatriate managers and HCN managers build trust via competence/ability at the onset. The trust relationship becomes stronger over time with the development of affect-based trust via cultural intelligence of the expatriate managers.Research limitations/implications– Implications for theory and practice following the results are discussed.Originality/value– This study used the cultural intelligence perspective to understand the trust building process. In addition this study interviewed both sides to the trust dyad; the expatriate manager and the HCN manager. Hence, it provides perspectives from both sides of the trust building process, one of the first studies to do so.
A practical perspective on repatriate knowledge transfer
Authors: Burmeister Anne , Deller Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify organizational support practices that facilitate repatriate knowledge transfer (RKT) in order to overcome the lack of strategic utilization of repatriate knowledge.Design/methodology/approach– In Study 1, 134 repatriates responded to an online questionnaire and evaluated the organizational support that their organizations provided to facilitate RKT. In Study 2, 22 repatriates and human resource managers were interviewed. Interviewees were asked to assess to which extent the use of seven high-performance work practices – selection and staffing, training, career development, job design, performance appraisal, compensation and rewards, and internal communication – before, during, and after international assignments facilitated RKT. They also explained how these practices were implemented in their organizations.Findings– The results of Study 1 showed that organizations primarily provide administrative repatriation support, while more strategic and knowledge transfer-related support is missing. Study 2 indicated that certain support practices are more important for the utilization of repatriate knowledge than others. Knowledge-related debriefing sessions after repatriation and targeted internal communication mechanisms were seen as important enablers of RKT. In contrast, selection and financial rewards were not seen as relevant facilitators of RKT.Originality/value– Research on RKT reports that organizations still lack the right tools to harvest repatriate knowledge. This study indicates which organizational support practices appear to be most important for the facilitation of RKT, and provides some guidance regarding their implementation.
Do you know how much your expatriate costs? An activity-based cost analysis of expatriation
Authors: Nowak Christian , Linder Christian 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to assess the costs and benefits of expatriation persists as a difficult challenge for many organizations and scholarly guidance on the process of compiling and allocating the costs of expatriation remains insufficient. The authors argue therefore that there is a need for developing an instrument that enables practitioners to calculate an estimate of the total cost of expatriation which can eventually be set in relation to the expected benefits of an assignment.Design/methodology/approach– To investigate how the total cost of expatriation can be computed, the authors provide an exploratory overview of previous research on international assignments, expatriate return of investment (eROI) and principles of cost accounting. Then, essential costs of expatriation are discussed and combined in one model for assessing the total cost of expatriation.Findings– The authors will demonstrate that expatriation costs are best understood as process costs. In addition, the authors will provide a tool to calculate eROI.Originality/value– The paper show how to determine the costs of major phases of expatriation. It allows us to calculate the break-even point of an international assignment and it can be used to compare this investment with alternative methods of international mobility. Most importantly, the authors are able to identify crucial cost drivers which allow the development of more precise and targeted recommendations for management action.
The impacts of fans’ sincerity perceptions and social media usage on attitude toward sponsor
Authors: Demirel Abdullah , Erdogmus Irem 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute understanding of sponsorship by examining the impacts of team attachment, perceived fit, perceived sincerity and sport team focussed social media consumption on attitudes toward sponsor and intentions to purchase products of sponsor.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected through survey method. The questionnaires were completed by 310 fans in the arena before the beginning of a professional football game in Istanbul, Turkey. The hypothesized model was tested by using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– The results reveal that sport consumers who see a fit between the sponsor and sport team are more likely to believe that the sponsor’s motives are sincere and sincerity perceptions, in turn, positively influence attitudes toward sponsor and intentions to purchase sponsor’s products. The research also provides empirical evidence for the direct impacts of perceived fit and fans’ usage of social media for receiving team-related information on purchase intentions.

Practical implications
– Findings of the current study suggest that sponsor firms should communicate their sincere motives, their fit with the sponsored sport team and be present and active on social media accounts of the sport team in order to leverage their sponsorship.

Originality/value
– This study showed that sport team focussed social media consumption has a positive influence on intentions to purchase products of sponsor in an emerging market setting, Turkey, which promises growth in sports market and sponsorship.
Transgenerational effects of extreme weather: perennial plant offspring show modified germination, growth and stoichiometry
Authors: Walter Julia , Harter David E. V. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Jentsch Anke 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events. These changes will directly affect plant individuals and populations and thus modify plant community composition. Little is known, however, about transgenerational effects (i.e. the influence of the parental environment on offspring phenotype and performance beyond the effects of transmitted genes) of climate extremes and community composition. Perennial plants have been particularly neglected. This impedes projections on species adaptations and population dynamics under climate change.

Maternal plants of two widespread dwarf‐shrub species (Genista tinctoria and Calluna vulgaris) recurrently experienced extreme weather event manipulations each year (drought and heavy rain). To test for transgenerational effects of community composition, C. vulgaris maternal plants were grown in communities differing in the number of neighbouring species. After 6 years, seeds of maternal plants were collected at least 2 months after the final weather treatments. We assessed transgenerational effects of the extreme events and of altered community composition on germination and monitored the development of offspring over 2 years.

We show that extreme events experienced by maternal plants influence offspring germination and growth beyond the seedling stage. Seeds produced by maternal plants experiencing stress, indicated by increased tissue dieback, germinated earlier in both observed species. We observed differences in leaf stoichiometry and growth rates for G. tinctoria offspring throughout the first year: Offspring from heavy rain‐treated mothers showed reduced leaf C:N ratio and higher growth rates. Results further indicate that not only community density, as investigated in prior studies, but also community composition trigger transgenerational effects.

Synthesis. Our findings show that variation in the maternal environment not only affects the number, but also the performance of offspring. Extreme climatic events, terminated before seed set, induce transgenerational effects. Species richness of mother communities can affect the stress level of target species and thereby germination regardless of community density. In contrast to prior studies, which revealed direct effects of chronic stress on plant individuals, this study emphasizes the importance of addressing transgenerational effects of extreme weather events when projecting future ecological responses and adaptation to climate change.
Racial/Ethnic Pay Disparities among Registered Nurses (RNs) in U.S. Hospitals: An Econometric Regression Decomposition
Authors: Moore Jean , Continelli Tracey 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of racial and ethnic pay disparities between minority and white hospital RNs using a national sample.Data Sources/Study SettingThe National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses, 2008, which is representative at both the state and national level.Study DesignCross‐sectional data were analyzed using multivariate regression and regression decomposition. Differences between groups were decomposed into differences in the possession of characteristics and differences in the value of the same characteristic between different groups, the latter being a commonly used measure of wage discrimination.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAs the majority of minority hospital RNs are employed within the most densely populated (central) counties of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), only hospital RNs employed in the central counties of MSAs were selected.Principal FindingsRegression decomposition found that black and Hispanic RNs earned less than whites and Asians, while Asian RNs earned more than white RNs. The majority of pay variation between white RNs, versus Asian, black, or Hispanic RNs was due to unexplained differences in the value of the same characteristic between groups.ConclusionsDifferences in earnings between underrepresented and overrepresented hospital RNs is suggestive of discrimination.
The Impact of Employment on Parental Coresidence
Authors: Engelhardt Gary V. , Eriksen Michael D. , Greenhalgh‐Stanley Nadia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examine the extent to which parents use housing and shared living arrangements as a form of risk‐sharing for their adult children, using detailed data on children and parents in the Health and Retirement Study for 1998–2012. On average, a young man moving from full‐time to nonemployment raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 1.5 percentage points; moving from full‐time employment to being part‐time employed raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 2 percentage points. The implied elasticity of parental coresidence with respect to the son's income is ‐1.1; for daughters, the elasticity is ‐0.5.
Life table analysis under constant temperature for Opisina arenosella (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae), an invasive moth of palm plants
Authors: Lu Baoqian , Tang Zhenzheng , Bellis Glenn , Li Yiqiong , Peng Zhenzheng , Jin Qi‐an , Wen Haibo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe coconut black‐headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker, which is spreading in Southeast Asia and southern China, is a significant pest of palm trees. All life stages of this species were reared at 20, 23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 °C to understand the effect of temperature on the biology of O. arenosella. Total developmental time egg to adult generally was longest (≈114 days) at 20 °C, declined significantly with increasing temperature, and shortest (≈47 days) at 32 °C. Estimated lower developmental threshold temperature was 11.5 °C, and estimated effective accumulated temperature was 996.93°days. A third‐order polynomial model estimated an optimal temperature of 32 °C for development. The predicted number of generations per year was calculated as 4–5 under average climatic conditions experienced in Hainan, China. The oviposition period ranged from 2 to 4 days and was longest at 26 °C while fecundity ranged from 30 to 180 total eggs laid per female and was greatest at 32 °C. The highest reproductive values were found at 32 °C. At this temperature, net reproductive rate (R0), generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and doubling time (DT) were 64, 45 days, 0.09, 1.1 and 7.6 days, respectively. Knowledge of the effect of temperature on the life history characteristics of Opisina arenosella can be used to predict population growth, develop pest management strategies and mass produce insects for production of biocontrol agents.
Identification of STOML2 as a putative novel asthma risk gene associated with IL6R
Authors: Revez J. A. , Matheson M. C. , Hui J. , Baltic S. ,   Australian Asthma Genetics Consortium (AAGC) collaborators, James A. , Upham J. W. , Dharmage S. , Thompson P. J. , Martin N. G. , Hopper J. L. , Ferreira M. A. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundFunctional variants in the interleukin‐6 receptor gene (IL6R) are associated with asthma risk. We hypothesized that genes co‐expressed with IL6R might also be regulated by genetic polymorphisms that are associated with asthma risk. The aim of this study was to identify such genes.MethodsTo identify genes whose expression was correlated with that of IL6R, we analyzed gene expression levels generated for 373 human lymphoblastoid cell lines by the Geuvadis consortium and for 38 hematopoietic cell types by the Differentiation Map Portal (DMAP) project. Genes correlated with IL6R were then screened for nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with both variation in gene expression levels (eSNPs) and asthma risk.ResultsWe identified 90 genes with expression levels correlated with those of IL6R and that also had a nearby eSNP associated with disease risk in a published asthma GWAS (N = 20 776). For 16 (18%) genes, the association between the eSNP and asthma risk replicated with the same direction of effect in a further independent published asthma GWAS (N = 27 378). Among the top replicated associations (FDR < 0.05) were eSNPs for four known (IL18R1, IL18RAP, BCL6, and STAT6) and one putative novel asthma risk gene, stomatin‐like protein 2 (STOML2). The expression of STOML2 was negatively correlated with IL6R, while eSNPs that increased the expression of STOML2 were associated with an increased asthma risk.ConclusionThe expression of STOML2, a gene that plays a key role in mitochondrial function and T‐cell activation, is associated with both IL‐6 signaling and asthma risk.
Interpersonal–psychological theory and parental bonding predict suicidal ideation among soldiers in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Kai‐Cheng , Tzeng Dong‐Sheng , Lin Chi‐Hung , Chung Wei‐Ching 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is an important issue among military personnel, who have higher suicide rates compared with the general population. The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) might provide an empirical explanation of this phenomenon, and parental bonding influences social adjustment and suicide. To investigate the relevance of IPTS and parental bonding for suicide among Taiwanese soldiers, a case–control study was conducted.MethodsUsing a suicide‐reporting system in a teaching general hospital in Southern Taiwan, 226 at‐risk maladjusted soldiers and 229 well‐adjusted controls were enrolled. We collected basic information, and participants answered four IPTS‐based questions. Suicide risk was assessed using the Brief Symptom Rating Scale item 6. A four‐factor model of the Parental Bonding Instrument assessed parental bonding. All participants were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for primary screening and to recheck the accuracy of the Brief Symptom Rating Scale item 6 score.ResultsA parsimonious model obtained by regression analysis of risk factors indicated that poor academic performance, conduct‐related issues in childhood, and exposure to life‐threatening situations are risk factors for suicide intention. Maladjusted suicidal soldiers showed a sense of thwarted belongingness (β = 0.145; P < 0.001), higher perceived burdensomeness (β = 0.311; P < 0.001), less fear of death (β = 0.124; P < 0.05), lower paternal autonomy (β = −0.122; P < 0.05), and higher maternal indifference (β = 0.162; P < 0.0001).DiscussionInterpersonal–psychological theory of suicide, accompanied by an assessment of parental bonding, could be used for assessing suicide risk and preventing suicide attempts.
Constrained Modelling of 3‐Valent Meshes Using a Hyperbolic Deformation Metric
Authors: Richter Ronald , Kyprianidis Jan Eric , Springborn Boris , Alexa Marc 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolygon meshes with 3‐valent vertices often occur as the frame of free‐form surfaces in architecture, in which rigid beams are connected in rigid joints. For modelling such meshes, it is desirable to measure the deformation of the joints' shapes. We show that it is natural to represent joint shapes as points in hyperbolic 3‐space. This endows the space of joint shapes with a geometric structure that facilitates computation. We use this structure to optimize meshes towards different constraints, and we believe that it will be useful for other applications as well.
MicroCT assessment of bone microarchitecture in implant sites reconstructed with autogenous and xenogenous grafts: a pilot study
Authors: de Faria Vasconcelos Karla , dos Santos Corpas Lívia , da Silveira Bernardo Mattos , Laperre Kjell , Padovan Luis Eduardo , Jacobs Reinhilde , de Freitas Paulo Henrique Luiz , Lambrichts Ivo , Bóscolo Frab Norberto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess bone microarchitecture in maxillary sites grafted with autogenous or xenogenous grafts as well as to demonstrate the usefulness of microCT in dental implant research.Materials and MethodsSamples (n = 12) consisting of titanium fixation screws covered by at least 0.5–1 mm of human bone were obtained from 17 sites grafted with autogenous or xenogenous materials and prepared for microCT scanning and conventional histology. Bone histomorphometric parameters were evaluated in three distinct regions (graft region, transitional region, and native bone region). Three‐dimensional (3D) bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) calculation was performed using microCT data. Histological sections were used to calculate two‐dimensional (2D) BIC percentages, which were compared with values obtained from 2D microCT images.ResultsHistomorphometric parameters varied according to the type of graft used, but sites reconstructed with autogenous bone showed higher mean values in general. In autograft samples, indices for parameters such as Tb.Th and Tb.Sp were significantly different when the native bone region was compared to the graft region. While a higher mean 3D BIC was found in the native bone region for both graft materials, significant BIC differences were absent when graft types were compared. The 2D BIC percentages obtained from histological and microCT images were similar.ConclusionsAutografts outperformed the xenogenous material used in this study concerning the histomorphometric parameters assessed. While graft type did not seem to influence 3D BIC, the native bone region showed the highest BIC percentages when compared to the other regions in both graft groups. In addition, 2D BIC ratios were similar regardless of graft material or image source (histological sections x microCT slices). Taken together, our findings suggest that microCT is an effective tool for 2D and 3D histomorphometric and BIC assessments in dental implant research.
The fossil record of the sixth extinction
Authors: Plotnick Roy E. , Smith Felisa A. , Lyons S. Kathleen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComparing the magnitude of the current biodiversity crisis with those in the fossil record is difficult without an understanding of differential preservation. Integrating data from palaeontological databases with information on IUCN status, ecology and life history characteristics of contemporary mammals, we demonstrate that only a small and biased fraction of threatened species (< 9%) have a fossil record, compared with 20% of non‐threatened species. We find strong taphonomic biases related to body size and geographic range. Modern species with a fossil record tend to be large and widespread and were described in the 19th century. The expected magnitude of the current extinction based only on species with a fossil record is about half of that of one based on all modern species; values for genera are similar. The record of ancient extinctions may be similarly biased, with many species having originated and gone extinct without leaving a tangible record.
Sustainable Versus Conspicuous Luxury Fashion Purchase: Applying Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Ki Chung‐Wha , Kim Youn‐Kyung 
Published: March 2016

Building on Self‐Determination Theory, the researchers examined whether consumers’ intrinsic values precede a relatively new concept of a “sustainable luxury purchase (SLP),” in which consumers make a conscious choice of purchasing luxury for its timeless style over short‐lived fashion and long‐lasting quality over excessive quantity. Also, the researchers explored whether extrinsic values drive a traditional, conspicuous luxury purchase (CLP). In addition, the researchers assessed whether both SLP and CLP led to positive affect which in turn influenced repurchase intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis based on 452 responses revealed the critical roles that intrinsic values (i.e., seeking personal style and social consciousness) and extrinsic values (i.e., seeking latest fashion, public self‐consciousness, and status consciousness) played in SLP and CLP, respectively. Interestingly, SLP predicted positive affect more strongly than did CLP stressing the importance of sustainable purchase in creating positive emotional responses toward luxury brands, which ultimately lead to repurchase intention.