bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Efficacy of Two Ixodicide Collars Against Rhipicephalus Sanguineus, 1995
Authors: Estrada-Pena A. , Ascher F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The ixodicide activity of two collars against brown dog tick was evaluated by laboratory infestations of dogs with ticks, checking their mortality and antifixing-antifeeding effect. Collars were a 9% Amitraz (AMZ) formulation (Preventic®, Virbac) and a Propoxur + Flumethrin (PPX) (Kiltix®, Bayer). In the mortality test, we used 3 groups of 8 dogs each. Dogs of one group had AMZ collars, 2nd group PPX collars and the 3rd group with only placebo collars served as untreated check (UTC). One day before fitting the collars, dogs were infested with 100 females and 25 males. The numbers of ticks were checked every 24 h for 5 consecutive days. After the last count, ticks were manually detached and allowed to oviposit under laboratory conditions. For the antifixing-antifeeding test, we used 12 dogs in 3 groups, following a crossed assay. Seven days after the collar fitting dogs were infested with 100 female and 25 male ticks. Twenty-four hours after the infestation, ticks were counted and detached, and a second infestation was carried out. Ticks were again counted and detached after 48h, followed by a third infestation. These ticks were counted after 72 hours, and again manually detached. Each time, ticks were counted as alive unfed females, alive feeding females, dead unfed females, and dead feeding females.
The Effectiveness of Br-Corn Hybrids for Control of European Corn Borer, 1996
Authors: Shaw J.T. , Steffey K.L. , Gray M.E. , Finger J.W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Corn was planted at the University of Illinois Cruse Farm, Champaign, Illinois, on 24 May. The experimental design was a split plot with natural or manual infestation of ECB as the main plots and 5 different B/-corn hybrids and their non-Br isolines as the subplots. Each plot was 4 rows (30-inch) wide X 40 ft long with 35 plants per row (after thinning). Treatments were replicated 5 times. Manual ECB infestations to simulate the first-generation were made on 3 and 6 July at the V7 corn leaf stage by releasing approximately 50 neonate larvae in corn grit into the whorls of corn plants using a ‘bazooka’ applicator. Manual ECB infestations to simulate the second-generation were made at corn anthesis on 7 Aug by applying approximately 25 neonate larvae in corn grit to the leaf exiles above and below the ear node. On 8 Aug, 25 neonate larvae were applied to the ear node and the second leaf axil above the ear node. All manual infestations were made to all plants (70 total) in the middle 2 rows of each plot. On 31 Jul, 20 consecutive plants were rated for leaf feeding by first generation larvae by using the 1 to 10 Guthrie scale. On 9 and lOOct, 15 consecutive plants from 1 of the middle 2 rows were split with a corn knife for evaluation. The number of plants with cavities and the total length of cavities per plant were recorded. Also, the number of live larvae per plant was recorded. The mean percentage of plants with cavities, the mean length of stalk tunneling (in inches) per plant and the mean number of live larvae were determined for each plot. ECB damage to the ear and shank were analyzed separately from the stalk damage data. An ear rating scale of 1 to 3 was used, with 1 being tip damage only, 2 being side damage only, and 3 being tip + side damage on the same ear. Shelled grain weights (yields) were taken from the 15 dissected plants, corrected to 15.5% moisture, and added to the machine harvested weights (moisture corrected) for the remaining plants of the middle 2 rows in each plot.
Evaluation of Winter Wheats For Resistance to Hessian Fly, 1995 And 1996
Authors: Buntin G. D. , Johnson J. W. , Raymer P. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for Hessian fly resistance in a field at the Southwest Branch Experiment Station near Plains, GA. In each year, lines were planted in single 3-ft rows in a RCB design with 3 replications. One row ft of plants was examined. In 1995, lines were evaluated on 5 May during dough stage and percentage of infested stems and immatures per stem counted. In 1996, evaluations were at full tillering on 14 Feb, when the percentage of infested plants and immatures per plant was recorded. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were compared with protected LSD test.
Peach, Control of Peachtree Borers with Chemical Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Polk D. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied during the late summer of 1995 to mature (greater than 15 year old) Autumhglo peach trees in a commercial orchard. Most trees had heavy gumming at the base, showing symptoms of prolonged borer activity. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates, 10 trees per replicate for a total of 40 trees per treatment. Applications were made with a Durand Wayland 100 gal. handgun sprayer set at 250 psi. Applications were made on 11 Aug and 26 Sep, and applied to the base of each tree with 1.25 gal of spray volume per tree. Pupal cases were counted on each tree on 6 Sep and 26 Oct, 1995, and again on 7 Aug, 12 Sep and 1 Oct, 1996. Pupal case counts were combined to give yearly totals.
Flea Beetle Control in Broccoli, 1996
Authors: Al-Doghairi Mohammed , Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Gerace Dan , Tupy Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on spring-transplanted (13 May) broccoli (cv. Green Comet) at the Horticulture Field Research Center in Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots consisted 20 ft long single rows with 15-in in-row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were made 3 Jun and 21 Jun using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 30 psi in two passes directed along the sides of the planting. An organosilicant spreader (Kinetic, 6 fl oz/A) was added to all treatments. Evaluations were made by visual observations of flea beetles on six plants/plot.
Control of Cabbage Looper, Diamondback Moth and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage with Mi-Crobial Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Boltz Melanie , Cain Carol 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Bravo’ cabbage were planted in 1 row plots 35 ft. long on 31 Jul. Plants were spaced 22 inches apart in the row with 72 inches between rows. The treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments-were mixed in 2.0 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi Treatments were applied on 29 Aug; 4, 11, 19, 25 Sep and 2 Oct. Confirm was only applied on 29 Aug; and 11 and 25 Sep. Foliage injury was rated on a scale of 1-6: 1 = no apparent insect feeding; 2 = minor insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves, 0-1% leaf area eaten; 3 = moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with no head damage, 2-5% leaf area eaten; 4 = moderate insect feeding on wrapper or outer leaves with minor feeding on head. 6-10% leaf head unmarketable during normal marketing conditions; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on wrapper and head leaves and moderate number o\ feeding scars on head, 11 -30% of leaf area eaten; 6 = considerable insect feeding on wrapper and head leaves with head having numerous feeding scars, over 30% of leaf area eaten.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Dbm, 1995
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Dunbar D. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from July to September. The field was set up in a RCB design with six treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot measured 70 ft. by 7.5 ft. It consisted of four rows of cabbage on 36 in. centers and 18 in. in-row spacing. Adjacent rows were offset to allow equidistant plant spacing between rows. Treatment plots in each block were separated by a 4.5 ft. row spacing. Blocks were separated by a 10 ft. wide space that allowed sprayer access. Total field size was 150 ft. by 109 ft. Treatments were applied using a tractor mounted with a PTO driven spray pump equipped with a 30 ft. boom. The boom was set with three banks nozzles that coincided with row spacing. Each group of nozzles had its own line from the main tank, therefore, spray output to specific treatment plots could be easily controlled by the sprayer operator. The first two treatments were applied using twin jet TJ 60-8006 nozzles at 25 psi with an output of 100 gpa. Thereafter, the pressures was increased to 45 psi to give an output of 125 gpa. The first treatment was made on 18 July, 5 days after transplanting. Subsequent applications were made on the following dates: 25 July, 1,8, 15, 22, and 29 Aug.
Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles on Spring and Fall Cucumbers, 1997
Authors: Speese John , Nault Brian A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cucumbers were planted on 21 May (spring crop) and 13 Aug (fall crop) at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of either two 25-ft-long rows (spring crop) or 20-ft-long rows (fall crop) with 5-ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by 10 ft of bare ground.Each treatment was replicated either 6 times (spring crop) or 5 times (fall crop) in a RCBD. Sprays were applied with a propane-powered backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 44 gal of spray/acre at 40 psi. The Adios AG treatments were broadcast over the appropriate rows with a hand-held shaker. The screens were removed from the nozzles before applications of Adios were made. Treatments were applied before the vines began to bloom. Spring crop application dates were 18 and 30 Jun; fall crop application dates were 16 and 24 Sep. In both the spring and the fall, the most uni-form row in each plot was selected and marked for sampling. The number of live beetles per 6 ft X 5 ft section of each row was recorded on the dates in-dicated in the tables. Market-sized fruit was harvested from the entire marked row. The spring crop was harvested on 16, 22, and 30 Jul; the combined to-tal yields for all 3 harvest dates are recorded in the table. The fall crop was harvested once on 29 Oct.
Control of Aphids on Lettuce, 1997
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘New Red Fire’ leaf lettuce was planted at the Muck Crops Branch, Celeryville, OH, on 1 Aug. The field was fertilized with 800 lbs of 17-17-17 per acre. The experimental plots were three rows 20 inches apart, 20 ft long, with plant spacing at 12 inches within rows. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design. Foliar treatment applications were made 18 Sep using a Cagle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three conejet TXVS-12 nozzles. Aphid populations were evaluated 22 Sep by randomly selecting five lettuce plants from the middle row of each plot and rating the density of aphids on each plant as follows: (0 = no aphids; 1 = 1-4 aphids; 2 = 5-10 aphids; 3 = 11-33 aphids; 4 = 34-100 aphids; 5 = 101-300 aphids; 6 = more than 300 aphids).
Evaluation of Conventional Insecticides for Western Flower Thrips Control in Lettuce, 1997
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field trial was conducted at the University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center. Lettuce was direct seeded Dec 2 into double-row beds on 42-inch centers. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 60 feet long with a two-bed buffer between the plots. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. The foliar treatments were applied in 40 gpa total volume at 160 psi. A spreader/sticker was used with all treatments (Latron at 0.25% v/v). Three disc-type cone nozzles were used per bed. Two applications were made in each trial; 12 and 24 Feb. Evaluations of thrips control were based on the number of live adults and nymphs per plant sampled from the center 2 rows of each replicate on 11, 18 Feb, and 2 Mar. Numbers of thrips from 5 plants per replicate were recorded on each sample. Samples were taken by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan. Inside of the pan was a sticky trap to catch the dislodged thrips. Sticky traps were then taken to the laboratory where adult and immature thrips were identified to species and counted. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA using a protected LSD F test to distinguish treatment mean differences.
Evaluation of Azadirachtinl for Control of Pepper Maggot, European Corn Borerl, and Aphids on Bell Peppers, 1997
Authors: Boucher J. , Nixon G. , Ashley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Boynton Bell’ peppers were transplanted into fields at three farms in E. Hartford and Enfield, Connecticut, between 28 May and 5 Jun. Weeds were controlled by regular hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 300 plants in 10 rows, 45 ft long, with 1.5 ft between plants and 4 ft between rows. A single treatment and control plot were planted end to end at each farm in a RCBD so that rows within the experiment were 90 ft long at each location. Treatments consisted of seven applications of Neemix on 17 and 24 Jul and 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 Aug, and an unsprayed check. Plants were sprayed from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. Both the treatment and control plots at the E. Hart-ford farm were inadvertently sprayed by the farmer with a single application of dimethoate at a rate of 0.5 pt per acre on 15 Jul. Aphid and beneficial arthro-pod populations were counted on four leaves per plant on 30 plants per plot, prior to Neemix applications on 17 Jul, and post-treatment on 1 Aug and 4 Sep. Beneficial arthropods sampled included ladybird beetles, lacewings, Aphidoletes midge larvae, Surphid fly larvae, spiders, and wasp-parasitized aphids. One to three extra-large fruits from each of 20 plants per plot were harvested and dissected on 25 Aug. External PM oviposition fruit-scars and internal larvae were counted. A single extra-large fruit from each of 50 plants per plot was harvested and dissected on 4 Sep and ECB larvae were counted. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests.
Control of Aphids on Irish Potato, 1996
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was an RCB design replicated 5 times and was conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1995. It was planted 28 May. The 3.0-m space between blocks and the 1.8-m space between the four-row plots were sown to oats on 19 Jun. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (approx. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Early and late blight were controlled by 7 foliar applications of mancozeb. Fur-row applications of insecticides were made by sprinkle can. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 5.6 kg/cm2 (80 psi) pressure and 0.47 kl/ha (50 gpa). Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, a middle, and a bottom leaf on 20 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analy-ses of variance were calculated following transformation of the data using log10(x +1). Transformed means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Fisher’s LSD Test and then applied to the actual means. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 8.5, 11.8, and 6.2 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 18.3, 19.4, and 20.0 deg. C.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Tomato Insects, 1997
Authors: Griffin R. P. , Khan M.F.R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 2 May at the Cherry Farm, Clemson, SC. Experimental plots consisted of two adjacent 3-ft-wide bedded rows, 15 ft long, with 6-ft spacing between rows, arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Seedlings were placed 18 inches apart within rows and were drip irrigated. Treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using TX10 hollow-cone tips on a three nozzle boom, delivering 48 gal finished spray/acre at 60 psi. Both sides of each row were sprayed. Treatments were applied on 12,23 Jun and 3, 11,21, and 31 Jul. Maintenance sprays comprising of the fungicides Manzate 200 at 3 lb product/acre and Kocide DF at 2 lb product/acre were tank mixed and applied with the insecticide treatments. FT population was evaluated on 7 and 15 Jul by selecting 10 flowers at random from each plot, dissecting the flower and counting the numbers of FT. Actual numbers of thrips/10 flowers/plot are reported. PA populations were monitored on 7 and 15 Jul by observing 10 leaves selected at random from each plot and recording the number of aphid/10 leaves/plot. All plants (20) in each plot were examined for TBHW injury on 25 Jul and the data are expressed as number of plants damaged/20 plants. On 4 Aug, 25 fruits were picked at random from each plot and examined for TFW injury. The data are expressed as percent TFW injury/plot. Twenty-five fruits were harvested at random from each plot on 4 Aug and examined for SB injury. The data are expressed as percent SB injury/plot. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using LSD (P = 0.05).
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1997
Authors: Spomer Stephen M. , Higley Leon G. , Haile Fikru J. , Hoback W. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 2-yr-old stand during the 3rd alfalfa growth period at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, NE. Plots were 20 X 30 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 31 Jul with a CO2 backpack sprayer fitted with four flat-fan nozzles, which delivered approximately 9.1 gpa at 20-22 PSI. Each plot received about 0.5 liter of water along with the treatment (the untreated check received water only). Alfalfa height at application was 36 cm. Rainfall was measurable on 10 Aug (4.5 cm). Plots were sampled 1, 7, and 14 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net (stratified by date). Samples were frozen for later evaluation.
Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides Against Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, 1997
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Kuhar T. P. , Laub C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seventeen insecticide treatments and an un-treated check were evaluated against AW in a 4th-year stand of ‘Anstar’ alfalfa located in Floyd Co., VA. Plots of 18 X 20 ft were arranged in a RCBD in each of four replications. AW densities were determined in each plot prior to spray treatment on 15 Apr. Post-treatment AW densities and stem ht were sampled every four to six days in all plots through 13 May. AW density was estimated by collecting and then vigorously shaking 5 stems against the sides of a 5-gal bucket for 10 seconds, then recording the number of small and large AW larvae in the bucket. Stem ht was determined by measuring the length of 2 stems per plot. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 15 Apr using a CO2 backpack sprayer. The backpack sprayer was equipped with 4, 8002VS stainless steel spray tips and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 40 psi. Weather conditions during application averaged 51°F air temperature, 63% relative humidity, clear skies, and minimal wind movement. A two-way ANOVA and LSD were used to analyze differences among treatments in AW densities, after (x + 0.5)1/2 transformation, and stem ht.
Evaluation of Labelled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Larval Corn Rootworm, Clay Center, Ne, 1997
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Planting and first-cultivation time insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE to evaluate their effectiveness for larval corn rootworm control. The local population consisted of &gt;95% WCR and &lt;5% NCR. All plots were in trap crop (insecticide free) during 1996. In 1994-5, European corn borer insecticide trials were conducted in the study area. Multi-class soil insecticide and nematode trials were conducted in the study area during 1993. All plots were insecticide free in 1992. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each plot consisted of a single row 30 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. All plots were planted on 29 Apr. Granular insecticides were applied using 10-inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes on a 2-row John Deere 7100 plateless planter. Pre-weighed amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly around the belt cone by a divider funnel and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with a drag rake (TB). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.25 gpa @ 8 psi (LP). Established plant populations were evaluated on 2 Jun. On 9 Jun, initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected. First-cultivation time treatments were applied on 10 Jun. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply granular insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were applied basally by shaking the mason jar and immediately incorporated with a garden rake (GC). A CO3-pressurized backpack sprayer with an output of 21 gpa at 30 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides at first-cultivation. Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the top of the plant whorl and insecticide reaching the soil surface was immediately incorporated with a garden rake (LC). Plots were cultivated on 13 Jun. Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 17 Jul. Five plants were dug from each plot and rated for root damage using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1: no feeding; 6: 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT
Chinch Bug Management with Foliar Insecticides in Field Corn, 1997
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Riley T. J. , Castro B. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments was compared with that of an untreated control at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Corn seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 6.1, 1.1% organic matter) on 27 Mar in 2-row plots (40 inch centers) X 40 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Treatments were applied with a handboom and a CO2-charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through 8002 flat-fan nozzles (2/row) at 28 psi. Insecticides were applied on 14 May to V5 stage corn plants. Ten plants/plot were randomly chosen for sampling on 16 and 20 May. Total numbers of chinch bugs were recorded by visually examining mainstems of the plant and leaf sheaths. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated according to DMRT. Rainfall did not influence the results of this test.