bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling between skeletal muscle fiber size and capillarization is maintained during healthy aging
Authors: Barnouin Yoann , McPhee Jamie S. , Butler‐Browne Gillian , Bosutti Alessandra , De Vito Giuseppe , Jones David A. , Narici Marco , Behin Anthony , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , Degens Hans 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs muscle capillarization is related to the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the size of muscle fibres, capillary rarefaction may contribute to sarcopenia and functional impairment in older adults. Therefore, it is important to assess how ageing affects muscle capillarization and the interrelationship between fibre capillary supply with the oxidative capacity and size of the fibres.MethodsMuscle biopsies from healthy recreationally active young (22 years; 14 men and 5 women) and older (74 years; 22 men and 6 women) people were assessed for muscle capillarization and the distribution of capillaries with the method of capillary domains. Oxidative capacity of muscle fibres was assessed with quantitative histochemistry for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity.ResultsThere was no significant age‐related reduction in muscle fibre oxidative capacity. Despite 18% type II fibre atrophy (P = 0.019) and 23% fewer capillaries per fibre (P < 0.002) in the old people, there was no significant difference in capillary distribution between young and old people, irrespective of sex. The capillary supply to a fibre was primarily determined by fibre size and only to a small extent by oxidative capacity, irrespective of age and sex. Based on SDH, the maximal oxygen consumption supported by a capillary did not differ significantly between young and old people.ConclusionsThe similar quantitative and qualitative distribution of capillaries within muscle from healthy recreationally active older people and young adults indicates that the age‐related capillary rarefaction, which does occur, nevertheless maintains the coupling between skeletal muscle fibre size and capillarization during healthy ageing.
Reactive extraction of acrylic acid with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate in natural oils
Authors: Kar Aparajita , Bagde Ashwini , Athankar Kanti Kumar , Wasewar Kailas L , Shende Diwakar Z 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcrylic acid has a wide range of applications in plastic additives, textiles, sealants, adhesives, and surface coatings industries. Owing to its widespread demand, production through a biotechnological method has emerged as low‐cost, energy‐efficient, environment friendly with few challenges at downstream stage. Reactive extraction is a promising method to recover carboxylic acid, but suffers from toxicity problems of the diluent and extractant employed. Therefore, there is a need for a nontoxic extractant and diluent or a combination of less toxic extractants in a nontoxic diluent that can recover acid efficiently. In this context, reactive extraction of acrylic acid from aqueous phase was employed with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate dissolved in natural diluents soybean oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil.RESULTSReactive extraction results are discussed in terms of the partition coefficient (α), dimerization constant (β), distribution coefficient (KD), extraction efficiency (η%), overall equilibrium complexation constant (KE), and loading ratio (ϕs). Higher distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency range was found in tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) + sunflower oil as 0.672 to 2.019 and 39.76 to 66.49, respectively. Average extraction efficiency was in the range 30.85 to 71.94% for soybean oil, 39.76 to 66.49% for sunflower oil, and 31.27 to 69.42% for rice bran oil with 0.366 to 1.464 mol kg−1 of tri‐n‐butyl phosphate.CONCLUSIONSunflower oil with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate showed higher extraction efficiency for the reactive extraction of acrylic acid. The order of extraction efficiency was observed as: TBP+sunflower oil > TBP+soybean oil > TBP+rice bran oil. Since evasion of direct contact of the organism with the organic phase or use of nontoxic diluents can substantially reduce toxic effects, natural oils were used in the present study. Reactive extraction results can be employed for the design of extraction columns. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
New opportunities for fracture healing detection: Impedance spectroscopy measurements correlate to tissue composition in fractures
Authors: Lin Monica C. , Yang Frank , Herfat Safa T. , Bahney Chelsea S. , Marmor Meir , Maharbiz Michel M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAccurate evaluation of fracture healing is important for clinical decisions on when to begin weight‐bearing and when early intervention is necessary in cases of fracture nonunion. While the stages of healing involving hematoma, cartilage, trabecular bone, and cortical bone have been well characterized histologically, physicians typically track fracture healing by using subjective physical examinations and radiographic techniques that are only able to detect mineralized stages of bone healing. This exposes the need for a quantitative, reliable technique to monitor fracture healing, and particularly to track healing progression during the early stages of repair. The goal of this study was to validate the use of impedance spectroscopy to monitor fracture healing and perform comprehensive evaluation comparing measurements with histological evidence. Here, we show that impedance spectroscopy not only can distinguish between cadaver tissues involved throughout fracture repair, but also correlates to fracture callus composition over the middle stages of healing in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice. Specifically, impedance magnitude has a positive relationship with % trabecular bone and a negative relationship with % cartilage, and the opposite relationships are found when comparing phase angle to these same volume fractions of tissues. With this information, we can quantitatively evaluate how far a fracture has progressed through the healing stages. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of impedance spectroscopy for detection of fracture callus composition and reveals its potential as a method for early detection of bone healing and fracture nonunion. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2620–2629, 2017.
Potential applications of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) predictions
Authors: White Christopher J. , Carlsen Henrik , Robertson Andrew W. , Klein Richard J.T. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Kumar Arun , Vitart Frederic , Coughlan de Perez Erin , Ray Andrea J. , Murray Virginia , Bharwani Sukaina , MacLeod Dave , James Rachel , Fleming Lora , Morse Andrew P. , Eggen Bernd , Graham Richard , Kjellström Erik , Becker Emily , Pegion Kathleen V. , Holbrook Neil J. , McEvoy Darryn , Depledge Michael , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah , Brown Timothy J. , Street Roger , Jones Lindsey , Remenyi Tomas A. , Hodgson‐Johnston Indi , Buontempo Carlo , Lamb Rob , Meinke Holger , Arheimer Berit , Zebiak Stephen E. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWhile seasonal outlooks have been operational for many years, until recently the extended‐range timescale referred to as subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) has received little attention. S2S prediction fills the gap between short‐range weather prediction and long‐range seasonal outlooks. Decisions in a range of sectors are made in this extended‐range lead time; therefore, there is a strong demand for this new generation of forecasts. International efforts are under way to identify key sources of predictability, improve forecast skill and operationalize aspects of S2S forecasts; however, challenges remain in advancing this new frontier. If S2S predictions are to be used effectively, it is important that, along with science advances, an effort is made to develop, communicate and apply these forecasts appropriately. In this study, the emerging operational S2S forecasts are presented to the wider weather and climate applications community by undertaking the first comprehensive review of sectoral applications of S2S predictions, including public health, disaster preparedness, water management, energy and agriculture. The value of applications‐relevant S2S predictions is explored, and the opportunities and challenges facing their uptake are highlighted. It is shown how social sciences can be integrated with S2S development, from communication to decision‐making and valuation of forecasts, to enhance the benefits of ‘climate services’ approaches for extended‐range forecasting. While S2S forecasting is at a relatively early stage of development, it is concluded that it presents a significant new window of opportunity that can be explored for application‐ready capabilities that could allow many sectors the opportunity to systematically plan on a new time horizon.
Crystal structure of importin‐α bound to the nuclear localization signal of Epstein‐Barr virus EBNA‐LP protein
Authors: Nakada Ryohei , Matsuura Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus EBNA‐LP protein is a transcriptional coactivator of EBNA2. Efficient nuclear localization of EBNA‐LP is essential for cooperation with EBNA2. Here, we report the crystal structure of the nuclear import adaptor importin‐α1 bound to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of EBNA‐LP that shows EBNA‐LP residues 44‐RRVRRR‐49 binding to the major NLS‐binding site at the P0‐P5 positions. In contrast to previously characterized classical NLSs that invariably have a basic residue [either lysine (in the vast majority of cases) or arginine] at the P2 position, the EBNA‐LP NLS is unique in that it has valine at the P2 position. The loss of the critical P2 lysine (or arginine) is compensated by arginine at the P0 position in the EBNA‐LP NLS.
Altered dynamics upon oligomerization corresponds to key functional sites
Authors: Mishra Sambit Kumar , Sankar Kannan , Jernigan Robert L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIt is known that over half of the proteins encoded by most organisms function as oligomeric complexes. Oligomerization confers structural stability and dynamics changes in proteins. We investigate the effects of oligomerization on protein dynamics and its functional significance for a set of 145 multimeric proteins. Using coarse‐grained elastic network models, we inspect the changes in residue fluctuations upon oligomerization and then compare with residue conservation scores to identify the functional significance of these changes. Our study reveals conservation of about ½ of the fluctuations, with ¼ of the residues increasing in their mobilities and ¼ having reduced fluctuations. The residues with dampened fluctuations are evolutionarily more conserved and can serve as orthosteric binding sites, indicating their importance. We also use triosephosphate isomerase as a test case to understand why certain enzymes function only in their oligomeric forms despite the monomer including all required catalytic residues. To this end, we compare the residue communities (groups of residues which are highly correlated in their fluctuations) in the monomeric and dimeric forms of the enzyme. We observe significant changes to the dynamical community architecture of the catalytic core of this enzyme. This relates to its functional mechanism and is seen only in the oligomeric form of the protein, answering why proteins are oligomeric structures. Proteins 2017; 85:1422–1434. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Norovirus RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase: A computational study of metal‐binding preferences
Authors: Shaik Md Munan , Bhattacharjee Nicholus , Feliks Mikolaj , Ng Kenneth K.‐S. , Field Martin J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTNorovirus (NV) RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) is essential for replicating the genome of the virus, which makes this enzyme a key target for the development of antiviral agents against NV gastroenteritis. In this work, a complex of NV RdRP bound to manganese ions and an RNA primer‐template duplex was investigated using X‐ray crystallography and hybrid quantum chemical/molecular mechanical simulations. Experimentally, the complex crystallized in a tetragonal crystal form. The nature of the primer/template duplex binding in the resulting structure indicates that the complex is a closed back‐tracked state of the enzyme, in which the
‐end of the primer occupies the position expected for the post‐incorporated nucleotide before translocation. Computationally, it is found that the complex can accept a range of divalent metal cations without marked distortions in the active site structure. The highest binding energy is for copper, followed closely by manganese and iron, and then by zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Proteins 2017; 85:1435–1445. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulating the fidelity and the three Mg mechanism of pol η and clarifying the validity of transition state theory in enzyme catalysis
Authors: Yoon Hanwool , Warshel Arieh 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPol η belongs to the important Y family of DNA polymerases that can catalyze translesion synthesis across sites of damaged DNA. This activity involves the reduced fidelity of Pol η for 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dhyedro‐2′‐deoxoguanosin(8‐oxoG). The fundamental interest in Pol η has grown recently with the demonstration of the importance of a 3rd Mg2+ ion. The current work explores both the fidelity of Pol η and the role of the 3rd metal ion, by using empirical valence bond (EVB) simulations. The simulations reproduce the observed trend in fidelity and shed a new light on the role of the 3rd metal ion. It is found that this ion does not lead to a major catalytic effect, but most probably plays an important role in reducing the product release barrier. Furthermore, it is concluded, in contrast to some implications, that the effect of this metal does not violate transition state theory, and the evaluation of the catalytic effect must conserve the molecular composition upon moving from the reactant to the transition state. Proteins 2017; 85:1446–1453. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the Effects of Peyronie's Disease After Treatment With Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum: Male Patients and Their Female Partners
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Knoll L. Dean , Lipshultz Larry I. , Smith Ted , Kaufman Gregory J. , McMahon Chris G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) intralesional injection was efficacious for the management of Peyronie's disease (PD) in the double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled Investigation for Maximal Peyronie's Reduction Efficacy and Safety Studies I and II (IMPRESS I and II). Little is known about the consequences of PD or treatment on the sexual partners of affected men.

Aim
To assess the safety and efficacy of CCH treatment in men who received placebo in the IMPRESS I or II study and to evaluate the men's PD symptoms and partner bother as reported by female sexual partners.

Methods
In this phase 3, open-label study (NCT01685437), men (n = 189) received up to eight injections of CCH (0.58 mg/injection). Female sexual partners who provided informed consent at screening (n = 30) participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measures
Co-primary end points were change or percentage of change in penile curvature deformity and change in PD symptom bother domain score of the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) from baseline to week 36. Participating women completed the PDQ for female sexual partners (PDQ-FSP) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Results
Statistically significant mean improvements were observed in penile curvature deformity (36.3% decrease; 95% CI = −41.6 to −30.9) and PDQ symptom bother score (2.4-point decrease; 95% CI = −3.0 to −1.8) from baseline to week 36. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate. After CCH treatment of their male partners, female sexual partners reported improvement (using the PDQ-FSP) in their male partner's PD symptoms and female bother regarding their partner's PD. The percentage of female sexual partners with sexual dysfunction (FSFI total score ≤ 26.55) also decreased after male partner treatment, from 75.0% at baseline to 33.3%.

Conclusions
These results support the safety and efficacy of CCH in the management of appropriate patients with PD and the potential benefits for patients' partners. Goldstein I, Knoll LD, Lipshultz LI, et al. Changes in the Effects of Peyronie's Disease After Treatment With Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum: Male Partners and Their Female Partners. Sex Med 2017;5:e124–e130.
An Impulsive Control Problem with State Constraint
Authors: Lions P.L. , Perthame B. 
Published: April 2017

We consider an impulsive control problem where state constraints are imposed by minimizing the cost function only over admissible controls such that the controlled diffusion exists from an open set

Ω

only when no impulse can get it back into

Ω

.

Then, the optimal cost function satisfies the Quasi-Variational Inequality

\tag{1}
\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\mathrm{Max}(-\Delta\mathrm{u} + \lambda\mathrm{u}-\mathrm{f},\mathrm{u}-\mathrm{Mu}) = 0\:\mathrm{in}\:\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{\mathrm{N}}, \\
\mathrm{u}\rvert_{\Gamma_{\mathrm{o}}} = \varphi, \\
\mathrm{u}\rvert_{\partial\Omega\setminus\Gamma_{\mathrm{o}}} = \mathrm{Mu},
\end{array}\right.

where

\mathrm{Mu}(\mathrm{x}) = \mathrm{k} + \inf\limits_{\substack{\mathrm{x} + \xi \in \bar{\Omega} \\ \xi\geq 0}}
\{\mathrm{c}_{\mathrm{o}}(\xi) + \mathrm{u}(\mathrm{x} + \xi)\}

\Gamma_{\mathrm{O}} = \{\mathrm{x}\in\partial\Omega,\;\forall\:\xi = (\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_{\mathrm{N}}),\:
\xi_{\mathrm{i}}\geq 0,\:\forall\:\mathrm{i},\:\exists\:\mathrm{j},\:
\xi_{\mathrm{j}} > 0,\:\mathrm{x} + \xi \notin \bar{\Omega}\}.

The solution of (1) is not continuous on the boundary and we give a notion of weak solution such that (1) has one and only one solution which is the optimal cost.

Résumé

On considère un problème de contrôle impulsionnel dans lequel on impose une contrainte d’état en minimisant la fonction coût seulement sur les contrôles admissibles tels que la diffusion contrôlée ne sort de l’ouvert de référence

Ω

, que si aucune impulsion ne peut la ramener dans

Ω

.

La fonction coût optimal satisfait alors l’inéquation quasi-variationnelle

\tag{1}
\left\{\begin{array}{l}
\mathrm{Max}(-\Delta\mathrm{u} + \lambda\mathrm{u}-\mathrm{f},\mathrm{u}-\mathrm{Mu}) = 0\:\mathrm{in}\:\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{\mathrm{N}}, \\
\mathrm{u}\rvert_{\Gamma_{\mathrm{o}}} = \varphi, \\
\mathrm{u}\rvert_{\partial\Omega\setminus\Gamma_{\mathrm{o}}} = \mathrm{Mu},
\end{array}\right.

où:

\mathrm{Mu}(\mathrm{x}) = \mathrm{k} + \inf\limits_{\substack{\mathrm{x} + \xi \in \bar{\Omega} \\ \xi\geq 0}}
\{\mathrm{c}_{\mathrm{o}}(\xi) + \mathrm{u}(\mathrm{x} + \xi)\}

\Gamma_{\mathrm{O}} = \{\mathrm{x}\in\partial\Omega,\;\forall\:\xi = (\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_{\mathrm{N}}),\:
\xi_{\mathrm{i}}\geq 0,\:\forall\:\mathrm{i},\:\exists\:\mathrm{j},\:
\xi_{\mathrm{j}} > 0,\:\mathrm{x} + \xi \notin \bar{\Omega}\}.

La solution de (1) n’est pas continue au bord et nous étudions une notion de solution faible telle que (1) ait une unique solution qui coïncide avec le coût optimal.
Human resources practices as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviour: The role of job breadth and organizational support
Authors: Pohl Sabine , Vonthron Anne-Marie , Closon Caroline 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study contributes to our understanding of the mediating and moderating processes through which satisfaction with developmental human resources practices are linked with organizational citizenship behaviour. Our model posits that the effect of satisfaction with developmental human resources practices on organizational citizenship behaviour is mediated by perceived organizational support and is moderated by job breadth. The methodology consisted of collecting data from 331 nurses who were surveyed about their satisfaction with developmental human resources practices, perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behaviours and job breadth. Results support this model.
Anthropogenic origins of a late Holocene, basin-wide unconformity in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Luoyang Basin, Henan Province, China
Authors: Storozum Michael J. , Mo Duowen , Wang Hui , Ren Xiaolin , Zhang Yifei , Kidder Tristram R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe evaluate the relative importance of climate change, fluvial dynamics, and anthropogenic environmental modification in forming the Holocene sedimentary record of the Luoyang Basin, a tributary drainage basin of the Yellow River, located in western Henan Province, China. Our 2011 fieldwork south of the Erlitou site in the Luoyang Basin indicates that an unconformity dating to ca. AD 1100 is roughly coincident with a major southward shift in the lower course of the Yellow River. In AD 1128, the governor of Kaifeng breached the dikes of the Yellow River to impede an advancing army, causing the Yellow River to flow south out to the Yellow Sea. We argue that the dike breach not only changed the fluvial dynamics of the Yellow River but also switched the rivers in the Luoyang Basin from an aggrading to an incising system. The resumption of sedimentation in the Luoyang Basin is roughly coincident with the next major shift of the Yellow River’s main course northward to the Bohai Sea in AD 1855. The unconformity found in the Luoyang Basin may be a legacy of historically contingent human agency rather than climatic shifts or gradual environmental modification.
Associations of estimated Δ-5-desaturase and Δ-6-desaturase activities with stroke risk factors and risk of stroke: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Daneshmand Roya , Kurl Sudhir , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Virtanen Jyrki K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of PUFA in reducing the risk of stroke is uncertain. The concentrations of PUFA in the human body are determined both by dietary intake and by activities of desaturase enzymes. Desaturase enzymes have been associated with chronic diseases, but little is known about their association with stroke risk. We investigated the associations of Δ-6-desaturase (D6D) and Δ-5-desaturase (D5D) activities with stroke risk factors and risk of stroke among 1842 men from the prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42–60 years and free of CVD at baseline in 1984–1989. ANCOVA and Cox regression models were used for the analyses. Whole serum desaturase activities were estimated as product:precursor ratios – γ-linolenic acid:linoleic acid for D6D and arachidonic acid:dihomo-γ-linolenic acid for D5D. Higher D6D activity was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, serum insulin and TAG concentrations and worse homoeostatic model assessment (HOMA) indices. In contrast, higher D5D activity was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, serum insulin, LDL-cholesterol, TAG and C-reactive protein concentrations, higher HDL-cholesterol concentration, and better HOMA indices. During the mean follow-up of 21·2 years, 202 stroke cases occurred. Neither D6D activity (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile hazard ratios (HR) 1·18; 95 % CI 0·80, 1·74) nor D5D activity (HR 1·06; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·60) were associated with stroke risk. In conclusion, higher D5D activity was favourably associated and higher D6D activity unfavourably associated with several stroke risk factors, but not with the risk of incident stroke.
Jibhabhu's Rights to Ghee: Land control and vernacular capitalism in Gujarat,circa1803–10
Authors: SHEIKH SAMIRA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBy examining the career of a woman agrarian entrepreneur in early nineteenth-century Gujarat, this article seeks to foreground the role of family firms specializing in the assessment, realization, and investment of land revenue. The article argues that such firms, which were commonly found service providers in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, were deemed to be alienators of the loyalties and revenues that the East India Company state considered its due. They were allowed to persist on sufferance for a few decades but were phased out by the 1830s, an obliteration that has erased their role from the history of South Asian capitalism.