bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition and body composition in urban and rural schoolchildren: A cross‐sectional study in San Rafael, Mendoza (Argentina)
Authors: Garraza Mariela , Cesani María F. , Navone Graciela T. , Oyhenart Evelia E. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to analyze the nutritional status and body composition of children from San Rafael, Mendoza, avoiding urban and rural categorization by generating subpopulations as a function of their socio‐environmental characteristics.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 3,596 schoolchildren from 4.0 to 13.9 years of age. Body weight, height, upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold were measured. Body mass index, total muscle, and fat areas of the arm were calculated. To estimate nutritional status and body composition, the NHANES III reference was used. The socio‐environmental variables were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. These variables were processed by categorical principal‐component analysis (catPCA).ResultsThe catPCA allowed the differentiation of four groups, three with urban characteristics (high urban, medium urban, impoverished urban), and a rural group. Stunting occurred at a higher rate in the impoverished urban group, and the occurrence of underweight children was higher in the rural group. The prevalence of excess weight varied in the range of 20–26%. The latter value corresponded to children of the high urban group, who also did not show reduced muscle mass.ConclusionChildren from San Rafael presented differences in nutritional condition and body composition associated with pronounced socio‐environmental heterogeneity. Thus, we could observe a gradient from the “high urban” group, with better social, economic, and sanitation conditions and at the same time a more obesogenic environment to the “impoverished urban” and “rural” groups, whose vulnerability reflected a higher prevalence of child undernutrition and the association with excess weight and reduced muscle mass. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:796–803, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Directional asymmetry of upper limbs in a medieval population from Poland: A combination of linear and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria , Lubiatowski Przemysław , Długosz Jan Dawid , Romanowski Leszek , Piontek Janusz 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesDegrees of upper‐limb bilateral asymmetry reflect habitual behavior and activity levels throughout life in human populations. The shoulder joint facilitates a wide range of combined motions due to the simultaneous motion of all three bones: clavicle, scapula, and humerus. Accordingly, we used three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to analyze shape differences in the glenoid cavity and linear morphometrics to obtain the degree of directional asymmetry in a medieval population.MethodsTo calculate directional asymmetry, clavicles, humeri, and scapulae from 100 individuals (50 females, 50 males) were measured. Landmarks and semilandmarks were placed within a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the glenoid cavity for analysis of shape differences between sides of the body within sexes.ResultsLinear morphometrics showed significant directional asymmetry in both sexes in all bones. Geometric morphometrics revealed significant shape differences of the glenoid cavity between sides of the body in females but not in males. Both indicators of directional asymmetry (%DA and %AA) did not show significant differences between sexes. PLS analysis revealed a significant correlation between glenoid shape and two humeral head diameters only in females on the left side of the body.ConclusionsThe studied population, perhaps due to a high level of activity, exhibited slightly greater upper‐limb bone bilateral asymmetry than other agricultural populations. Results suggest that the upper limbs were involved in similar activity patterns in both sexes but were characterized by different habitual behaviors. To obtain comprehensive results, studies should be based on sophisticated methods such as geometric morphometrics as well as standard measurements. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:817–824, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interaction of cultural consonance and a polymorphism in the 2A serotonin receptor in relation to depression in Brazil: failure to replicate previous findings
Authors: Dressler William W. , Balieiro Mauro C. , de Araújo Luiza Ferreira , Silva Wilson A. , dos Santos José ERNESTO 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo replicate a previously identified gene‐environment interaction between a genetic polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor and cultural consonance in family life in relation to depressive symptoms (Dressler et al., 2009).MethodsA sample of 402 individuals in a sample drawn from four different economic strata in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil was interviewed and genotyped.ResultsCultural consonance in family life has an inverse association with depressive symptoms (beta = −0.439, P < 0.001) and with high depressive symptoms (OR = 2.36, P < 0.001), but the interaction with genotype was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe previously identified gene‐environment interaction was not replicated. Limitations of the study are discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:936–940, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selektive katalytische Synthesen mit Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff: Katalyse‐Schach an der Nahtstelle zwischen Energie und Chemie
Authors: Klankermayer Jürgen , Wesselbaum Sebastian , Beydoun Kassem , Leitner Walter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Chancen und Herausforderungen für die Nutzung der Kombination aus Kohlendioxid und Wasserstoff als C1‐Synthon in katalytischen Reaktionen und Prozessen. Die Transformationen werden anhand des Reduktionsgrades und der Bindungsknüpfung geordnet, wobei die chemische Wertschöpfungskette von großvolumigen Grundchemikalien bis hin zu komplexen Molekülen mit biologischer Wirkung abgedeckt wird. Die chemischen Transformationen erlauben zum einen die Speicherung und Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien in stofflichen Produkten und bieten gleichzeitig Möglichkeiten für ressourcenschonende und umweltfreundliche Herstellungsprozesse. Interdisziplinäre Grundlagenforschung von Chemikern und Ingenieuren kann so zu nachhaltigen Technologien an der Schnittstelle von Energie und Chemie beitragen. Der Aufsatz lädt den Leser dazu ein, das “katalytische Schachbrett” der Nutzung von CO2 und H2 kennenzulernen und vielleicht selbst einige Partien darauf zu beginnen.
Pd4+ in oxoanionischer Umgebung: Die XeF2‐unterstützte Synthese von [Pd(S2O7)3]2−
Authors: Bruns Jörn , van Gerven David , Klüner Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractErstmalig wurde eine Verbindung synthetisiert, in der Pd4+‐Kationen ausschließlich von einfachen Oxoanionen koordiniert werden. Die Stabilisierung des vierwertigen Palladiums erfolgt durch Bildung des Komplexanions [Pd(S2O7)3]2−, in dem das Metallatom von drei chelatisierenden Disulfatgruppen umgeben wird. Interessanterweise wird das Salz K2[Pd(S2O7)3] nur dann erhalten, wenn die Reaktion von K2[PdCl6] und reinem SO3 in Gegenwart von XeF2 durchgeführt wird.
A General Method for Growing Two‐Dimensional Crystals of Organic Semiconductors by “Solution Epitaxy”
Authors: Xu Chunhui , He Ping , Liu Jie , Cui Ajuan , Dong Huanli , Zhen Yonggang , Chen Wei , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) crystals of organic semiconductors (2DCOS) have attracted attention for large‐area and low‐cost flexible optoelectronics. However, growing large 2DCOS in controllable ways and transferring them onto technologically important substrates, remain key challenges. Herein we report a facile, general, and effective method to grow 2DCOS up to centimeter size which can be transferred to any substrate efficiently. The method named “solution epitaxy” involves two steps. The first is to self‐assemble micrometer‐sized 2DCOS on water surface. The second is epitaxial growth of them into millimeter or centimeter sized 2DCOS with thickness of several molecular layers. The general applicability of this method for the growth of 2DCOS is demonstrated by nine organic semiconductors with different molecular structures. Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on the 2DCOS demonstrated high performance, confirming the high quality of the 2DCOS.
A Modular Synthetic Approach to Monocyclic 1,4‐Azaborines
Authors: Liu Xuguang , Zhang Yuanzhe , Li Bo , Zakharov Lev N. , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Liu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA simple and general method for the synthesis of a wide range of monocyclic 1,4‐azaborines, including the first examples containing B heteroatoms is described. Post‐heterocycle‐formation olefin isomerization was employed as a key strategy. This new synthetic method provides fundamental insight into the resonance stabilization and photophysical properties of 1,4‐azaborines.
Using Single‐Cell Amperometry To Reveal How Cisplatin Treatment Modulates the Release of Catecholamine Transmitters during Exocytosis
Authors: Li Xianchan , Dunevall Johan , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pretreatment of cultured pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin), an anti‐cancer drug, influences the exocytotic ability of the cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Low concentrations of cisplatin stimulate catecholamine release whereas high concentrations inhibit it. Single‐cell amperometry reflects that 2 μm cisplatin treatment increases the frequency of exocytotic events and reduces their duration, whereas 100 μm cisplatin treatment decreases the frequency of exocytotic events and increases their duration. Furthermore, the stability of the initial fusion pore that is formed in the lipid membrane during exocytosis is also regulated differentially by different cisplatin concentrations. This study thus suggests that cisplatin influences exocytosis by multiple mechanisms.
Os2–Os4 Switch Controls DNA Knotting and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Fu Ying , Romero María J. , Salassa Luca , Cheng Xi , Habtemariam Abraha , Clarkson Guy J. , Prokes Ivan , Rodger Alison , Costantini Giovanni , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDinuclear trihydroxido‐bridged osmium–arene complexes are inert and biologically inactive, but we show here that linking dihydroxido‐bridged OsII–arene fragments by a bridging di‐imine to form a metallacycle framework results in strong antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells and distinctive knotting of DNA. The shortened spacer length reduces biological activity and stability in solution towards decomposition to biologically inactive dimers. Significant differences in behavior toward plasmid DNA condensation are correlated with biological activity.
Super‐heptazethrene
Authors: Zeng Wangdong , Sun Zhe , Herng Tun Seng , Gonçalves Théo P. , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe challenging synthesis of a laterally extended heptazethrene molecule, the super‐heptazethrene derivative SHZ‐CF3, is reported. This molecule was prepared using a strategy involving a multiple selective intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation followed by oxidative dehydrogenation. Compound SHZ‐CF3 exhibits an open‐shell singlet diradical ground state with a much larger diradical character compared with the heptazethrene derivatives. An intermediate dibenzo‐terrylene SHZ‐2H was also obtained during the synthesis. This study provides a new synthetic method to access large‐size quinoidal polycyclic hydrocarbons with unique physical properties.
A Selective C−H Deprotonation Strategy to Access Functionalized Arynes by Using Hypervalent Iodine
Authors: Sundalam Sunil K. , Nilova Aleksandra , Seidl Thomas L. , Stuart David R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDescribed here is an efficient method to access highly functionalized arynes from unsymmetrical aryl(mesityl)iodonium tosylate salts. The iodonium salts are prepared in a single pot from either commercially available aryl iodides or arylboronic acids. The aryne intermediates are generated by ortho‐C−H deprotonation of aryl(mesityl)iodonium salt with a commercially available amide base and trapped in a cycloaddition reaction with furan in moderate to good yields. Coupling partners for the aryne intermediates beyond furan are also described, including benzyl azide and alicyclic amine nucleophiles. The regio‐ and chemoselectivity of this reaction is discussed and evidence for the spectator aryl ligand of the iodonium salt as a critical control element in selectivity is presented.
Ein zweikerniger 1,1′‐Bis(boratabenzol)‐Komplex: beispiellose intramolekulare Metall‐Metall‐Kommunikation durch eine B‐B‐Bindung
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Demeshko Serhiy , Ewing William C. , Krummenacher Ivo , Macha Bret B. , Mattock James D. , Meyer Franc , Mies Jan , Schäfer Marius , Vargas Alfredo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer erste 1,1′‐Bis(boratabenzol)‐Komplex wurde durch eine Tetrabromdiboran(4)‐induzierte Ringerweiterung von Cobaltocen erhalten. Um [{(η5‐C5H5)Co}2{μ:η6,η6‐(BC5H5)2}] zu gewinnen, werden sechs Cobaltocen‐Äquivalente benötigt, da Cobaltocen als Reagens wie auch als Reduktionsmittel fungiert. Die formal dianionische Bis(boratabenzol)‐Einheit im Komplex mit einer B‐B‐Einfachbindung kann als symmetrisches Dimer des entsprechenden Boratabenzol‐Anions oder auch als erstes Beispiel eines Dibor‐Analogons von Biphenyl betrachtet werden. Elektrochemische Messungen in Lösung zeigen, dass die Verbindung vier schrittweise Redoxprozesse eingeht, was auf eine merkliche intramolekulare Wechselwirkung der beiden Cobalt‐Ionen über die Bis(boratabenzol)‐Einheit schließen lässt. Die durch temperaturabhängige SQUID‐Messungen bestimmten magnetischen Eigenschaften deuten auf eine schwache intramolekulare antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkung hin. DFT‐Rechnungen untermauern die experimentellen Befunde und geben Einblick in die elektronischen Zustände des Komplexes.
3D SERS Imaging Using Chemically Synthesized Highly Symmetric Nanoporous Silver Microparticles
Authors: Vantasin Sanpon , Ji Wei , Tanaka Yoshito , Kitahama Yasutaka , Wang Mengfan , Wongravee Kanet , Gatemala Harnchana , Ekgasit Sanong , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging with highly symmetric 3D silver microparticles as a SERS substrate was developed. Although the synthesis method is purely chemical and does not involve lithography, the synthesized nanoporous silver microparticles possess a regular hexapod shape and octahedral symmetry. By using p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) as a probe molecule, the 3D enhancement patterns of the particles were shown to be very regular and predictable, resembling the particle shape and exhibiting symmetry. An application to the detection of 3D inhomogeneity in a polymer blend, which relies on the predictable enhancement pattern of the substrate, is presented. 3D SERS imaging using the substrate also provides an improvement in spatial resolution along the Z axis, which is a challenge for Raman measurement in polymers, especially layered polymeric systems.
Unusual Formation of CoSe@carbon Nanoboxes, which have an Inhomogeneous Shell, for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Hu Han , Zhang Jintao , Guan Buyuan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHybrid hollow nanostructures with tailored shell architectures are attractive for electrochemical energy storage applications. Starting with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we demonstrate a facile formation of hybrid nanoboxes with complex shell architecture where a CoSe‐enriched inner shell is intimately confined within a carbon‐enriched outer shell (denoted as CoSe@carbon nanoboxes). The synthesis is realized through manipulation of the template‐engaged reaction between Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) nanocubes and Se powder at elevated temperatures. By virtue of the structural and compositional features, these unique CoSe@carbon nanoboxes manifest excellent lithium‐storage performance in terms of high specific capacity, exceptional rate capability, excellent cycling stability, and high initial Coulombic efficiency.
The Preparation of Complexes of Germanone from a Germanium μ‐Oxo Dimer
Authors: Sinhababu Soumen , Yadav Dhirendra , Karwasara Surendar , Sharma Mahendra Kumar , Mukherjee Goutam , Rajaraman Gopalan , Nagendran Selvarajan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractComplexes of germanone containing formal Ge=O→M bonds (M=Zn, B, Ge, Sn) were isolated and characterized. The compounds were prepared through a novel synthetic route using a germanium μ‐oxo dimer 3 as the starting material. This method circumvents the need to employ germanones to prepare complexes of germanones.
Infinite Polyiodide Chains in the Pyrroloperylene–Iodine Complex: Insights into the Starch–Iodine and Perylene–Iodine Complexes
Authors: Madhu Sheri , Evans Hayden A. , Doan‐Nguyen Vicky V. T. , Labram John G. , Wu Guang , Chabinyc Michael L. , Seshadri Ram , Wudl Fred 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report the preparation and X‐ray crystallographic characterization of the first crystalline homoatomic polymer chain, which is part of a semiconducting pyrroloperylene–iodine complex. The crystal structure contains infinite polyiodide I∞δ−. Interestingly, the structure of iodine within the insoluble, blue starch–iodine complex has long remained elusive, but has been speculated as having infinite chains of iodine. Close similarities in the low‐wavenumber Raman spectra of the title compound and starch–iodine point to such infinite polyiodide chains in the latter as well.
Modulation of the E. coli rpoH Temperature Sensor with Triptycene‐Based Small Molecules
Authors: Barros Stephanie A. , Yoon Ina , Chenoweth David M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRegulation of the heat shock response (HSR) is essential in all living systems. In E. coli, the HSR is regulated by an alternative σ factor, σ32, which is encoded by the rpoH gene. The mRNA of rpoH adopts a complex secondary structure that is critical for the proper translation of the σ32 protein. At low temperatures, the rpoH gene transcript forms a highly structured mRNA containing several three‐way junctions, including a rare perfectly paired three‐way junction (3WJ). This complex secondary structure serves as a primitive but highly effective strategy for the thermal control of gene expression. In this work, the first small‐molecule modulators of the E. coli σ32 mRNA temperature sensor are reported.
Palladium(IV) in an Oxoanionic Environment: The XeF2 Assisted Synthesis of [Pd(S2O7)3]2−
Authors: Bruns Jörn , van Gerven David , Klüner Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor the first time tetravalent palladium is detected, coordinated exclusively by simple oxoanions. Stabilization was achieved by formation of the [Pd(S2O7)3]2− complex in which three chelating disulfate groups surround the metal atom. The salt K2[Pd(S2O7)3] could only be obtained if the reaction of K2[PdCl6] and neat SO3 was performed in the presence of XeF2.
Short, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Highly Oxidized Taxanes
Authors: Yuan Changxia , Jin Yehua , Wilde Nathan C. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the realm of natural product chemistry, few isolates have risen to the level of fame justifiably accorded to Taxol (1) and its chemical siblings. This report describes the most concise route to date for accessing the highly oxidized members of this family. As representative members of taxanes containing five oxygen atoms, decinnamoyltaxinine E (2) and taxabaccatin III (3), have succumbed to enantioselective total synthesis for the first time in only 18 steps from a simple olefin starting material. The strategy holistically mimics nature's approach (two‐phase synthesis) and features a carefully choreographed sequence of stereoselective oxidations and a remarkable redox‐isomerization to set the key trans‐diol present in 2 and 3. This work lays the critical groundwork necessary to access even higher oxidized taxanes such as 1 in a more practical fashion, thus empowering a medicinal chemistry campaign that is not wedded to semi‐synthesis.
Dissecting Hofmeister Effects: Direct Anion–Amide Interactions Are Weaker than Cation–Amide Binding
Authors: Balos Vasileios , Kim Heejae , Bonn Mischa , Hunger Johannes 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhereas there is increasing evidence for ion‐induced protein destabilization through direct ion–protein interactions, the strength of the binding of anions to proteins relative to cation–protein binding has remained elusive. In this work, the rotational mobility of a model amide in aqueous solution was used as a reporter for the interactions of different anions with the amide group. Protein‐stabilizing salts such as KCl and KNO3 do not affect the rotational mobility of the amide. Conversely, protein denaturants such as KSCN and KI markedly reduce the orientational freedom of the amide group. Thus these results provide evidence for a direct denaturation mechanism through ion–protein interactions. Comparing the present findings with results for cations shows that in contrast to common belief, anion–amide binding is weaker than cation–amide binding.
A Long‐Lived Mononuclear Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complex Grafted onto Anatase TiO2 for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Huang Haowei , Lin Jinjin , Zhu Gangbei , Weng Yuxiang , Wang Xuxu , Fu Xianzhi , Long Jinlin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work shows a novel artificial donor–catalyst–acceptor triad photosystem based on a mononuclear C5H5‐RuH complex oxo‐bridged TiO2 hybrid for efficient CO2 photoreduction. An impressive quantum efficiency of 0.56 % for CH4 under visible‐light irradiation was achieved over the triad photocatalyst, in which TiO2 and C5H5‐RuH serve as the electron collector and CO2‐reduction site and the photon‐harvester and water‐oxidation site, respectively. The fast electron injection from the excited Ru2+ cation to TiO2 in ca. 0.5 ps and the slow backward charge recombination in half‐life of ca. 9.8 μs result in a long‐lived D+–C–A− charge‐separated state responsible for the solar‐fuel production.
Polyvalent Catalysts Operating on Polyvalent Substrates: A Model for Surface‐Controlled Reactivity
Authors: McKay Craig S. , Finn M. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnusually fast rates of nucleophilic catalysis of hydrazone ligation were observed when polyvalent anthranilic acid catalysts operating on polyvalent aldehyde substrates were used with PAMAM dendrimers as the common platform. When presented in this way, the catalyst has a strong accelerating effect at concentrations 40–400 times lower than those required for similar monovalent catalysts and displays unique kinetic parameters. We attribute these properties to polyvalent engagement between the dendrimer surface groups, and a potential “rolling” effect leading to fast interparticle kinetic turnover. The phenomenon is sensitive to the density of functional groups on each dendrimer, and insensitive to factors that promote or inhibit nonspecific particle aggregation. These findings constitute a rare experimental example of an underappreciated phenomenon in biological and chemical systems that are organized on interacting surfaces.
BSA imprinted polyethylene glycol grafted calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres
Authors: Liu Jiangquan , Ying Xiaoguang , Wang Hongxun , Li Xiao , Zhang Weiying 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTPolyethylene glycol grafted calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres are synthesized by ring‐opening and addition reaction of epoxy chloropropane. FTIR, 13C NMR, optical microscope, SEM, TG, and DSC are used for characterization. Swelling behaviors are studied and it is found that polyethylene glycol grafted calcium alginate microspheres are improved in anti‐swelling properties. Protein‐imprinted polyethylene glycol grafted calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres exhibit enhanced specific rebinding quantity (11.16 mg/g) and selective recognition properties (4.71 against BHb), towards target molecule in the presence of competing protein, compared with that of the unmodified samples (4.96 mg/g and 1.75, respectively). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43617.