bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention, net neutrality and European Union media policy
Authors: Simpson Seamus 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Net Neutrality was once in Europe thought to be a technically arcane subject with little policy relevance beyond the United States. However, its dominant articulation as the idea that Internet Service Providers should treat equally communication traffic of a broadly similar kind has emerged as a growing site for policy debate and contestation. Academic understanding of Net Neutrality is still in relative infancy, and work on the subject from a European media policy – and specifically an EU – perspective is in particular need of development. This article argues that current dominant Net Neutrality perspectives and their policy complexities, while valuable, do not provide a comprehensive enough policy context within which to consider the future governance of electronic communication networks and services in a context of network convergence around the Internet. This is because debates on the idea of intervention, which sits at the core of Net Neutrality, have been under-addressed and narrowly focused. This is illustrated in the case of EU policy on Net Neutrality, which, the article finds, has been tentative, often blandly rhetorical and, for the most part, focused on a narrow range of techno-economic matters.
Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations
Authors: Sriandayani Sriandayani , Rampengan Tonny H. , Lestari Hesti , Rampengan Novie 
Published: November 2016

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.
Effects of TiO2 Pretreatments on the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Gas-Phase Aromatic Contaminants
Authors: Lewandowski Michael , Ollis David F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effects of various halide salt and inorganic acid pretreatments on the photocatalytic destruction of toluene were examined to determine the source of activity enhancements seen previously with HCl pretreatments. Pretreatments with chloride salts (NaCl, KCl) are found to have little influence on photocatalyst activity, suggesting that the presence of an acid is needed. Acid pretreatments either increase (sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric) or decrease (hydrobromic, hydroiodic, and perchloric) the catalyst activity. These results indicate that acidification alone is not responsible for the observed changes in catalyst activity and that both protons and anions influence photocatalyst behavior.
Sequential Extraction and Photocatalytic Recovery of Lead from Model Contaminated Soils
Authors: Borrell-Damian L. , Ollis D. F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work explores the technical feasibility of a two-step process for the treatment of lead contaminated soils. The first step is an extraction by chelation of lead from soil. The second step is the photocatalytic treatment of the metal-chelate extract with UV radiation and particulate TiO
Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Trichloroethylene -Relation with Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Murabayashi Masayuki , Itoh Kiminori , Kawamura Kouichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractApplications of photocatalytic reactions are now being developed widely for various purposes. These reactions have been especially successful in the remediation of groundwater and soil polluted with organic chlorine compounds. The degradation reactions of these compounds in the gas phase progress fast, but the reaction mechanism is not yet well understood. For example, some unusual phenomena, seen in the effect of the pre-illumination of photocatalysts and that of repeated reactions, have been reported, but the acceleration of the reactions has not been explained based on the surface reactions. For that reason, we studied photochemical reactions and compared them with photocatalytic reactions. We explain the large acceleration of photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in a repeated reaction by taking photochemical reaction into consideration. We also explain the very fast degradation reaction of TCE based on the present results.
Nitrogen Oxides Removal by Using Plate Type Reactor Combined with Catalysts
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo , Oda Tetsuji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon-thermal plasma has been studied to remove nitrogen oxides. In order to improve both high removal and energy efficiency, the combined process of the catalyst with the non-thermal plasma was examined experimentally. Hydrocarbons were added where real exhaust gas contains hydrocarbons from incomplete combustion. However zeolite catalysts have shown NOx adsorption at room temperature. For decreasing the NOx adsorption on the catalyst surface, a plate type reactor, which has mesh electrodes and dielectric barriers inside, has been developed. Adsorption characteristics of zeolite catalyst were investigated by measuring time dependence of NO or NOx concentrations. They were hardly observed in these experiments, since, quantities of catalyst were very small (4-5%) compared to that of wire-cylinder reactor.
Kinetics, Products and Mechanism of Destruction of Ethane in Corona Discharge
Authors: Chernov Anatoli A. , Krishtopa Larisa G. , Korobeinichev Oleg P. , Krasnoperov Lev N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDestruction of ethane in corona discharge was studied using a tubular coaxial wire AC high-voltage dielectric barrier discharge flow reactor coupled to a GC/MS and a quadrupole mass-spectrometer. The experi­ments were performed at ambient temperature (295 ± 3 K) and pressure (1.00 ± 0.04 bar). Mixtures of 12, 109, 1033 and 10000 ppm ethane in synthetic air (21% O
Gas-Phase Photocatalytic Oxidation of Styrene in a Simple Tubular TiO2 Reactor
Authors: Krichevskaya Marina , Preis Sergei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of styrene was studied. Styrene appeared to poison the photocatalyst easily degrading its PCO efficiency at concentrations above certain level. Below this level no poisoning of the photocatalyst was observed. The presence of humidity extended the photocatalyst’s lifetime. The yield of carbon dioxide also increased in humid air, although lower conversion degrees of styrene were observed. Carbon dioxide was the main gaseous PCO product; carbon monoxide was formed in trace amounts. The apparent styrene PCO rate was independent of temperature at the initial stage of oxidation. However, the PCO rate noticeably increased with temperature at stages close to complete photocatalyst poisoning. The photocatalyst’s activity was entirely restored by UV -irradiation in humid airflow: adsorbed by-products were successfully oxidised. The simultaneous PCO of styrene with oxygenated hydrocarbons-alcohols and ethers-resulted in the photocatalyst poisoning along the same pattern as for styrene alone.
Studies on Decolorization of Textile Dyeing Rinse Wastewaters in Solar Photocatalytic Reactors
Authors: Kanmani s. , Thanasekaran K. , Beck Dieter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo ‘Water Fountain Solar Photocatalytic Reactors’ of trapezoidal and circular configurations were developed and the influence of flow rate on solar photocatalytic decolorization of simulated textile dyeing rinse wastewaters was studied in the range of 1.5L h
Progress in the Visualization of Filamentary Gas Discharges. Part 2: Visualization of DC Positive Corona Discharges
Authors: Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Kanazawa Seiji , Ohkubo Toshikazu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecently the filamentary gas discharges at atmospheric pressure, such as dielectric-barrier and corona discharges regained their importance due to numerous new applications. These new applications impose a demand of better understanding of the fundamentals of the filamentary discharges. As a consequence, during the last ten years an essential progress in the diagnostics of the filamentary discharges has been made. The recent progress in the investigations of the dielectric-barrier discharges by cross-correlation spectroscopy was described in Part 1 of this paper. Part 2 is a survey of the recent progress in the visualization of DC positive corona discharges.
Methane Conversion into C2 Hydrocarbons and Carbon Black in Dielectric-barrier and Gliding Discharges
Authors: Schmidt-Szalowski Krzysztof , Opalinska Teresa , Sentek Jan , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Ruszniak Joanna , Zielinski Tomasz , Radomyska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe methane conversion into C
Absorption and Decomposition of CH3CHO in the Cylindrical Foaming System
Authors: Pawtat Joanna , Mizuno Akira , Yamabe Chobei , Polio Iwo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDue to the constantly growing air pollution, the new, cheap and effective methods of exhausted gas treatment should be developed. Foaming apparatus for the gas treatment is proposed in this study. The possibility of the treatment of acetaldehyde in the cylindrical foaming reactor is analysed. Despite of the small amount of required liquid, foaming column could be applied not only for polluted gas treatment but also for the purification of the specific types of water and for the wastewater. The electrical discharge might be applied directly in foam, partly consisted of pollutant or/and after or before the foaming zone.
Low Temperature Metallurgy of Tungsten in Plasma Reactors
Authors: Janca Jan , Brožek Vlastimil , Eliáš Marek , Kudrle Vit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNew plasma chemical reduction techniques of tungsten precursors were investigated in order to produce tungsten powder with a high sintering activity permitting to increase the density of tungsten compact products above the hitherto technological limit. The application of non-isothermic hydrogen plasma allows the initiation of reduction processes at low temperature of neutral gas.
Water Treatment by the Bipolar Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) in Water-Air Mixture
Authors: Ruo-Bing Zhang , Yan Wu , Jie Li , Guo-Feng Li , Teng-Fei Li , Zhi-Gang Zhou 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResults obtained using a bipolar pulsed DBD reactor for Indigo Carmine (IC) water treatment are reported in this investigation. Effects of such parameters as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of IC solution were studied. The results showed that color removal efficiency was greatly enhanced by bubbling air into the reactor. Decolorization efficiency of the reactor increased with the increase of the pulse repetitive rate, decreased with the increase of the initial solution conductivity and gap distance. In addition, concentrations of ozone in the effluent gases and hydroxyl peroxide in the aqueous phase were determined and their functions on the decolorization were analyzed.
Comparisons of Solid By-Products Generated from Thermal Plasma Incineration Ash Melting Systems by Plasma Torch and Three-Phase Submerged Arc Processes
Authors: Chang Jen-Shih , Ara M. , Urashima K. , Jimbo H. , Oinuma K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolid waste disposal has become a major concern since there are a limited number of landfill disposal sites. In the past, incineration of solid wastes was considered a solution to the landfill site limitation since solid waste volume can be reduced to 1/6 by conversion to incinerator ash, and heat and electricity recovery from the incineration processes can be attained. The landfill of fly and bottom ashes has been considered a potential environmental hazard due to leaching of heavy metals from the ashes after landfill, hence recycling them as construction material is beneficial not only economically but also is less impacting on the environment in long term. In this work, two different thermal plasma processes for ash volume reduction (approximately 60 to 70% of the volume of incinerator ashes) based on the plasma torch and submerged three-phase arc processes were compared based on the treatment of ash from the same incineration source. Detailed solid product detoxicity characteristics for each process will be presented and compared.
A Nanostructured YSZ Film Coating by Liquid Suspension Injection into an APS Plasma Flame
Authors: Hwang Changsing , Tzeng Chin-ching 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an atmosphere plasma spray process with a nano-YSZ liquid suspension injection was adopted to produce electrolyte coatings. The process mainly consists of a DC plasma flame generating system and a controllable injection device that injects the atomized nano-YSZ suspension liquid into the plasma flame. Nanostructured coatings produced experimentally are studied by SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. By applying the Scherrer analysis of XRD results, an estimated - 8 n m nano-grain structure is obtained. Experimental apparatus and results will be presented and discussed here.
Influences of Reactor Geometry on Ozone Production with Dielectric Barrier Discharges: Experimental and Simulation Studies
Authors: Lee How Ming , Chang Moo Been 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study developed a model to simulate ozone synthesis in dry oxygen streams with a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Analyzing ozone synthesis chemistry, we found that fast quenching metastable species seems favorable for ozone production. This interpretation was successfully confirmed by the experiment conducted with a packed-bed DBD reactor. Ozone concentration generated by the packed-bed DBD reactor was significantly enhanced compared to non-packed one. Model simulations were carried out to elucidate the effects of reactor geometries on ozone synthesis. Parameters in the simulation include radii of inner and outer electrodes, dielectric thickness, dielectric constant, and discharge gap. More details regarding their effects were extensively discussed in the paper. In brief, a DBD reactor with a thinner dielectric thickness and/ or a greater dielectric constant could achieve higher ozone yields.
A Solution to the Problem of Large Energy Consumption of the De-NOx Process by Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Yoshioka Yoshio , Tezuka Taku 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn order to remove NO from diesel exhaust gas, non-thermal plasma methods have been extensively studied. However, it is known that one of the problems of the de-NOx process by non-thermal plasma is the relatively high energy consumption of the de NOx process. In this paper, we tried to solve this problem by using a water emulsion fuel. Since the use of water emulsion fuel reduces the combustion temperature in the engine, the NO concentration at outlet of the engine should decrease considerably. We prepared a water emulsion fuel with different water content, and carried out NO removal experiments for diesel exhaust gas by both direct discharge and by an ozone injection methods. The experiments showed that a large reduction of discharge power for de-NOx process could be achieved.
Power Supply Systems of Ozone Generators with Magnetic Frequency Multipliers
Authors: Janowski Tadeusz , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDischarge plasma reactors are very complex technological systems. Power supply is not only inseparable part of this system but also one of the most important. Very often efficient and reliable power system decides about application of the plasma processes on industrial scale. Paper presents transformer type power system of ozone generator, its comparison with other systems from their efficiency point of view and designing directions on the example of 150 Hz supplier.
Measurement of Low Gas Concentration Using Photonic Bandgap Fiber
Authors: Pawłat Joanna , Matsuo Takahiro , Sugiyama Tadashi , Ueda Toshitsugu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA high-sensitivity, compact set-up, enabling the precise measurement of a very low concentration of gas was designed. The micro-capillary gas flow phenomenon and the gas absorption inside fiber were estimated. Darcy - Weisbach equation for non-compressible flow and quasi - Panhandle equation for compressible gas flow were used for the calculation of the gas flow rate and gas velocity inside the photonic bandgap fiber. It was assumed that gas flowed mostly in the core. During the experimental part of work several types of optic fiber of various parameters were used. The core diameters ranged from 10.9 to 19.9 μm. It was possible to measure the flow rate of the nitrogen gas inside the fiber with various pressure differences on the opposite ends. Average velocity (Δp = 0.9 atm) ranged 0.17 m/s and was a little bit lower than expected.
Microwave Reactor for Nitrous Oxide Processing
Authors: Krawczyk Krzysztof , Naperty Katarzyna , Drozdowski Michał 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe processing of nitrous oxide in microwave discharge plasma coupled with gliding discharge was investigated. The studies were carried out in a quartz reactor with diameter of microwave discharge space 13 mm or 6mm. The use of the smaller reaction space enabled to achieve a higher overall conversion rate of N
Research on Waste Water Purification by Ozone Treatment and Pulsed Discharge Treatment
Authors: Suda Yoshiaki , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Ohshima Tamiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOzone treatment and high-voltage pulsed discharge treatment have been performed to purify waste water at several places of sedimentation tanks in Sasebo city. Experimental results suggest that ozone treatment is effective for decreasing the number of colon bacillus and the bacteria count; however, ozone treatment is not very effective for decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pulsed discharge treatment is not very effective for decreasing both bacteria count and COD. On the other hand, ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment is effective for decreasing not only bacteria count, but also COD. This may be due to the effect of hydroxyl radicals that have stronger oxidizing and bleaching effects than ozone. These results suggest that advanced oxidation processes can be applied effectively to ozone treatment together with pulsed discharge treatment.
Physicochemical Treatment of Three Chemotherapy Drugs: Irinotecan, Tamoxifen, and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Park Gunyoung , Herckes Pierre , Westerhoff Paul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe removal of three chemotherapy drugs including irinotecan, tamoxifen, and cyclophosphamide in water was examined by both physical and chemical treatment processes. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) absorption tests and oxidation by ozone or an advanced oxidation process (hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation) were conducted on de-ionized water samples spiked with these drugs. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy was successfully applied for the selective and sensitive determination of these three compounds. Removal of the three selected drugs in water samples by PAC was found to be dependant on PAC dosage. The Freundlich isotherm coefficients revealed the PAC absorption capacity sequence as tamoxifen > irinotecan > cyclophosphamide. Ozone was found to be effective in removing tamoxifen and irinotecan but not able to destroy cyclophosphamide in water. Advanced oxidation processes such as UV/H
Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms Optimization of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Alcian Blue 8GX
Authors: Caliman Florentina A. , Curteanu Silvia , Betianu Camelia , Gavrilescu Maria , Poulios Ioannis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn artificial neuronal network (ANN) was developed for predicting the color removal efficiency of the TiO
Aerobic Bio-oxidation with Ozonation for Recalcitrant Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kamenev Inna , Viiroja Andres , Kallas Juha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present research was to find a combination of biological and chemical oxidation processes that improves the purification efficiency of recalcitrant wastewater treatment at reduced ozone consumption. The following wastewater treatment processes were experimentally studied: conventional aerobic biooxidation, post-ozonation of biologically treated wastewater, a combined process - aerobic bio-oxidation with ozonation in a re-circulation system - and aerobic bio-oxidation with direct introduction of ozone-containing water into a bioreactor. A synthetic landfill leachate corresponding in its composition to leachate of young landfills, thermo-mechanical pulping water, and phenolic effluent from the Estonian oil shale industry were used as wastewaters. It was established that compared with conventional aerobic bio-oxidation, the combined process enables an improvement in purification efficiency even at relatively low ozone doses (10 to 60 mgO
Advanced Oxidation of a Commercial Naphthalene Sulphonic Acid: Effects on Organic Carbon and Toxicity Removals
Authors: Arslan-Alaton Idil , Kabdaşlı Işık , Tünay Olcay , Okay Oya , Cekirge Zeynep 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe treatability of a commercial naphthalene sulphonic acid being frequently used in the textile preparation and dyeing industry, via titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
Spectroscopic and Mass-Spectrometric Study of Acridine Orange Photodegradation on the Surface of Mesoporous TiO2, SiO2 /TiO2 and SiO2 Films
Authors: Surovtseva N. I. , Smirnova N. P. , Fesenko Т. V. , Gnatyuk Yu. I. , Eremenko A. M. , Pokrovskiy V. A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe efficiency of nanosized mesoporous TiO