bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated evaluation of peripapillary choroidal thickness in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Munoz‐Negrete F.J. , Rebolleda G. , Perez Sarriegui A. , de Juan V. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare peripapillary choroidal thickness (PTC) between eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), contralateral uninvolved eyes and masked healthy eyes by age using the automated choroidal segmentation provided by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS‐OCT Triton, Topcon, Japan).Methods23 eyes with NAION, 15 uninvolved fellow eyes, and 28 healthy eyes were included in this cross‐sectional observational study. .Automated choroid segmentation by SS‐OCT was performed for a minimum of 6 months after the acute event. The Bruch's Membrane Opening based optic nerve area and peripapillary RNFL thicknesses were evaluated using SD‐OCT Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). The association between PCT and other potential confounding variables including age, gender, axial length, intraocular pressure and disc area was examined using univariable and multivariable regression analyses.ResultsThe mean PCT in the NAION eyes, unaffected fellow eyes, and control group were 121.91 ± 69.7 μm, 133 ± 53 μm, and 116.2 ± 47.1 μm, respectively (ANOVA, p = 0.52). All peripapillary RNFL thicknesses (average and regional) were significantly thinner in NAION eyes compared with unaffected and healthy eyes (p = 0.000). Older age was significantly associated with a thinner mean PCT (rho −0.555, p = 0.000).ConclusionsAlthough controversial regarding PCT in NAION exists in the literature using manual measurements, in the current study automated analysis did not find any significant differences in NAION eyes compared to both unaffected fellow eyes and control eyes.
Reflectometric analysis of normal and ex‐premature foveal microstructure in SD‐OCT images – a comparison to image analysis using directional OCT and manual segmentation
Authors: Sjostrand J. , Rosén R. , Nilsson M. , Popovic Z. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the topography of different foveal layers from reflectometric profiles of conventional OCT images of the fovea and to compare the results to those obtained by directional OCT and manual segmentation.MethodsEyes from normal individuals and young adults with a history of prematurity were imaged with an SD‐OCT system. Ex‐premature cases were grouped to represent different stages of abnormal maturation. Horizontal B‐scans through the foveal center (FC) with a distinct light reflex were selected for profile analysis perpendicular to the flattened retinal pigment epithelial layer at regular intervals from the nasal and temporal points of maximum foveal thickness. Distances between highly reflective peaks in the scans were measured and expressed as layer thicknesses at various positions from FC.ResultsSeveral peaks of reflectivity representing different photoreceptor components could be identified and measured. In spite of the marked abnormality of retinal thickness and the combined thickness of the Henle fiber layer (HFL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) at FC, the thickness of the outer and inner segment layers was within normal range both in center and periphery. A comparison to data obtained by an alternative method using directional OCT revealed that the reflectometric technique was better at characterizing photoreceptor outer segment changes, wheras directional OCT was superior in defining the photoreceptor cell body (ONL) and axon (HFL) layers.ConclusionsAnalysis of reflectometric profiles showed no difference in outer segment thickness between normal and and ex‐premature cases with abnormal central fovea. The technique of OCT reflectometric profile analysis is preferable for characterizing photoreceptor outer segment changes whereas manual segmentation of tilted OCT images is better for defining the HFL and ONL as separate layers.
Fate of donor sclera used to lengthen extraocular muscle in a rabbit model of strabismus surgery
Authors: Conde C. , Lindström M. , Pedrosa Domellöf F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the fate of donor sclera used to elongate the superior rectus muscle in rabbit eyes. Donor sclera is sometimes used to further weaken an extraocular muscle in patients that have had previous strabismus surgery. The fate of the donor sclera is, at present, unknown and a question posed by many patients.MethodsThe superior rectus (SR) muscle was elongated with a 5 mm piece of donor sclera and examined at 1, 2, 4, 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively in a total of 20 rabbits. The SR muscles along with the attachment to the eye were collected, immediately frozen and later serially sectioned and processed for H&E and immunohistology. Multiple antibodies were used to detect the donor and bulbar sclera, as well as activation and proliferation of muscle progenitor cells on the serial sections.ResultsThe donor sclera was easily identified in the collected specimens until 4 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks, only smaller rests of donor sclera were present. Nuclei and muscle progenitor cells were not detected in the donor sclera. At 16 weeks postoperatively, the donor sclera could no longer be identified and the SR insertion on to the bulb was found approximately 5 mm posteriorly from its normal insertion site. Staining for NCAM, myogenin, MyoD and KI‐67 were present in the repairing area in all specimens collected at the 1–12 weeks but practically absent from the specimens collected at 16 weeks.ConclusionsMuscle progenitor cells did not invade the donor sclera and the donor sclera was gradually reabsorbed and no longer present after 16 weeks after surgery, in this rabbit model of strabismus surgery. The method was effective for achievement of a new, more posterior insertion site of the SR.
Osmoprotective activity of alpha‐lipoic acid and taurine on hyperosmolar stress in cultured human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells
Authors: Suárez T. , Soria J. , Chatard‐Baptiste C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo characterize the osmoprotective properties of α‐lipoic acid (ALA) alone and in combination with taurine on both human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells for cell viability and inflammatory biomarkers regulation after hyperosmotic stress.MethodsHuman corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and conjunctival epithelial (WKD) cells were incubated in isotonic media and hyperosmolar media (by addition of 100 mM NaCl), in the presence and absence of ALA, Taurine and ALA + Taurine. The osmoprotective activity on cell viability after 4, 8 and 24 h of hyperosmolar stress was evaluated by XTT assay. The expression of inflammatory biomarkers in cell‐free supernatants was measured using a Human Cytokine 15‐plex ELISA Kit after 4 and 8 h of stress.ResultsThe hyperosmolar conditions significantly reduced the cell viability in a time‐dependent manner and induced an overexpression of a panel of cytokines in corneal and conjunctival cells. Preincubation of cells with ALA alone or in combination with taurine significantly lowered the cell toxicity induced by the stress. The highest cell viability protection was observed within the range of ALA/Taurine ratios from 0.005 to 0.05 in conjunctival cells. In corneal cells the combination of ALA + Taurine, exhibited a higher osmoprotective effect than ALA or Taurine alone. The expression of cytokines was significantly but differentially reduced by ALA, and ALA + Taurine in corneal and conjunctival cells. The combination of ALA + Taurine exhibited a higher anti‐inflammatory effect than ALA or Taurine alone in corneal cells exposed to stress.ConclusionsALA alone or in combination with taurine, was found to protect against cytotoxicity and inflammation of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells cultured in hyperosmolar media. ALA may have potential effects in protecting ocular surface epithelia from hyperosmotic stress.
Possible misdiagnosis of patients with ocular trauma in a Danish emergency room without ophthalmic assistance. A retrospective cohort study of 1,824 patients
Authors: Jakobsen T.M. , Møller F. , Storr‐Paulsen T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo examine weather patients with an eye injury coming to a Danish emergency room without assistance from an ophthalmic specialist were admitted correctly to an ophthalmic specialist or ophthalmic ward.MethodsAll files containing The International Classification of Diseases 10 DS05 (injury of eye and orbit) and DT15 (foreign body on external eye) was found in the Patient Administrative System (FPAS, County of Funen, Denmark) of Svendborg Hospital, Denmark during a 5‐year period (11.01.07–10.31.12). A total of 1,824 patients were registered. From these files patients with a history of (1) trauma against the eye region and/or objective signs of eye trauma or (2) history of hammering against metal or stone were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were included. Eighteen patients had obvious signs of severe eye injury with one or more of the following signs: Decreased visual acuity (n = 14); irregular pupil (n = 4); no pupillary reflex (n = 4); hyphaema (n = 3); open injury visual to the naked eye (n = 2); subconjunctival haemorrhage (n = 2). All eighteen patients were immediately transferred to an ophthalmological ward (n = 15) or private ophthalmic specialist (n = 3). Six patients had a history of hammering against stone or metal, but had no signs of severe ocular injury. Later on, one of these patients contacted an ophthalmic specialist because of continued eye symptoms. An orbital CT‐scan was performed, but no intraocular foreign body was found. The other five patients responded by filling out a questionnaire remarking not to have had any ocular symptoms following the trauma.ConclusionsDuring a 5‐year period there was no severe misdiagnosis of patients with ocular trauma in a Danish emergency room without assistance from an ophthalmic specialist.
The assessment of ocular blood flow with laser speckle flowgraphy in healthy caucasian
Authors: Wozniak P.A. , Luft N. , Aschinger G. , Fondi K. , Bata A.M. , Witkowska K.J. , Schmidl D. , Werkmeister R.M. , Bolz M. , Garhöfer G. , Schmetterer L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the reliability and feasibility of the Laser Speckle Flowgraphy (LSFG) measurement of ocular blood perfusion in a group of healthy Caucasian descents and to explicate the age‐dependence of the obtained parameters.MethodsA population of 80 eyes of 80 healthy, non‐smoking subjects of Caucasian descent aged between 19 and 79 years was included in this cross‐sectional study. A commercially available LSFG system was used to measure optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow three successive times in both miosis and mydriasis. The mean blur rate (MBR), a measure of relative blood flow velocity, was obtained for three regions of the ONH. Additional pulse‐waveform derived perfusion parameters including blowout score (BOS) and falling rate (FR) were also recorded.ResultsThe success rate of LSFG measurement was 93.8% in miosis and 98.8% in mydriasis (p = 0.004). Measurements of MBR showed excellent repeatability with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.937 and were not affected by pupil dilation. The majority of pulse‐waveform derived parameters showed good repeatability. MBR‐related blood flow indices exhibited significant age dependence (p < 0.001). FR (r = 0.706, p < 0.001) and blowout time (BOT; r = −0.698, p < 0.001) most strongly correlated with age.ConclusionsLSFG represents a fast and reliable method for the quantitative assessment of ocular blood flow in Caucasian subjects. Our data confirm that the LSFG‐derived variables FR and BOT can be useful biomarkers for age‐related changes in ocular perfusion.
Ocular surface involvement on GVHD patients
Authors: Lazreg S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo identify the different complications of GVHD on ocular surface.MethodsOcular examen de surface sur les patients atteints de GVHD, visé par le centre de l'os greffe de moelle d'Alger, tous bénéficié de OSDI Questionnaire, fente examen à la lampe, la coloration fluorescéine et test de Schirmer,Results31 patients were assessed, 22 males, tha mean age value were 39.3 years ± 7.4; all patients presented different levels of severity of dry eye at slit lamp examination, 5% of them had a very low visual acuity; Mean OSDI score was 76.4 ± 10.2 corneal staining was present on 92% of cases (oxford: 6.5 ± 2.5) and Schirmer value 10 ± 5.4).ConclusionsDry eye is the most common ocular complication on GVHD patients, in most of cases it is a severe dry eye with corneal involvement and visual impairment, an early diagnosis and treatment of ocular manifestations of GVHD is essential to prevent severe complications.
Differential hypoxic response of human choroidal and retinal endothelial cells proposes tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis
Authors: Mammadzada P. , Gudmundsson J. , Kvanta A. , Andre H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo elaborate molecular differences between choroidal and retinal angiogenesis by generating and comparatively analyzing human primary choroidal and retinal endothelial cell (CEC and REC) lines.MethodsHuman CEC and REC were isolated by positive‐selection and were cultured. Characterization was performed by immunostaining for endothelial cell (EC)‐specific markers. Total RNA and protein were extracted from normoxic or hypoxic CEC and REC cultures. Quantitative PCR arrays were used to comparatively analyze 133 genes between CEC and REC, and the expression differences were calculated by ΔΔCt method. A total of 57 angiogenesis‐related protein expression differences were investigated by western blot and proteome profiler, and were calculated by densitometry.ResultsPrimary human CEC and REC lines stained positively for all EC markers and demonstrated high purity with similar staining and morphology. Under normoxia, CEC showed significantly lower expression levels for cell proliferation and vessel maturation genes and higher expression levels for inflammation‐related genes when compared to REC. In response to hypoxia, CEC and REC displayed differential regulation for a multitude of angiogenesis‐related genes and proteins. Furthermore, within the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, CEC showed preferential upregulation for VEGFA while REC upregulated placenta growth factor (PlGF) levels.ConclusionsDifferential normoxic and hypoxic regulation of angiogenesis‐related factors by CEC and REC outlines tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis and suggests that tissue specificity should be considered as a novel treatment modality for successfully overcoming choroidal and retinal angiogenic conditions in the clinic.
Visual dysfunction and its correlation with retinal changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vilades E. , Garcia‐Martin E. , Satue M. , Rodrigo M.J. , Obis J. , Cipres Alastuey M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate visual dysfunction and its correlation with structural changes in the retina in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPatients with AD (n = 24) and controls (n = 24) underwent evaluation of visual acuity (VA), color vision (using the Farnsworth and L'Anthony desaturated [D]15 color tests), and contrast sensitivity vision (CSV; using the Pelli‐Robson chart and CSV‐1000E test) to measure visual dysfunction. Structural measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness were obtained using spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).ResultsCSV at three of the four spatial frequencies was significantly worse in AD patients than in controls. Color vision was significantly affected in AD patients based on the Farnsworth color test. Compared with controls, macular thinning was detected in all sectors except the fovea, and the RNFL exhibited significant thinning in the superior quadrant and lower average thickness (p < 0.05). CSV was the functional parameter most strongly correlated with structural measurements in patients with AD. Color vision was strongly associated with macular volume (r > 0.70, p < 0.05). VA at different levels of contrast was associated with macular and RNFL thickness.ConclusionsPatients with AD had visual dysfunction that correlated with structural changes evaluated by SD‐OCT. Macular measurements may be reliable indicators of visual impairment in AD patients.
Vessel diameter study: intravitreal versus posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Akpolat C. , Kurt M. , Cekic O. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo detect and compare the vessel diameter effect of intravitreal versus subtenon injection of triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsSixty patients with DME who underwent triamcinolone injection either intravitreally (N = 30) or under the tenon capsule (N = 30) were included. Non‐injected fellow eyes served as control. The main outcome measures were central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), and artery‐vein ratio (AVR).ResultsIn the intravitreal group, pre‐injection mean CRAE (147.07μ) decreased to 141.03 μ at 1 week and to 139.43 μ at 1 month (p < 0.001) while baseline CRVE (209.61 μ) decreased initially to 198.85 μ at 1 week then to 198.49 μ at 1 month (p < 0.001). In the subtenon group, pre‐injection CRAE (152.18 μ) decreased to 149.49 μ at 1 week and to 147.47 μ at 1 month (p = 0.017) while baseline CRVE (215.60 μ) decreased initially to 208.69 μ at 1 week then to 207.25 μ at 1 month (p = 0.003). Pre‐injection AVR values did not change at 1 week and at 1 month in both injection groups (p = 0.66 and p = 0.196, respectively). In the control group, none of the 3 parameters changed throughout the study period compared to the baseline (p > 0.28).ConclusionsIn eyes with DME, both intravitreal and subtenon triamcinolone injection led to a significant constriction of retinal arteries and veins
The effect of systemic tamsulosin hydrochloride on choroidal thickness and pupil diameter sizes
Authors: Doğan M. , Kutluksaman B. , Keles İ. , Halat A.Ö. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate and investigate the effects of α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin hydrochloride on anterior and posterior segment findings using Sirius Scheimpflug/Placido photography‐based topography system and enhanced depth imaging spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT).MethodsThis prospective study was performed with newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, 25 eyes of 25 patients, initiated tamsulosin hydrochloride, were evaluated in this study. Anterior segment and posterior segment findings were noted at baseline, 1st and 3rd month. Results were compared statistically.ResultsThe mean subfoveal choroidal thickness 269.65 μm, and the mean 3 mm nasal and temporal thicknesses were 262.85 and 264.70 μm respectively at baseline and they were 270.15 μm, 263.15 μm and 264.95 μm at 1st month and they were 270.75 μm, 264.05 μm and 265.90 μm at 3rd month (p > 0.05, at all study visits). The mean schirmer test values were 13.10–12.35 and 10.95 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean scotopic, mesopic and photopic pupil diameter values were 6.60 mm, 5.11 mm and 3.48 mm at baseline, and they were 6.58 mm, 5.10 mm and 3.44 mm at 1st month and 6.51 mm, 5.06 mm and 3.45 mm at 3rd month (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSignificant increase of subfoveal choroidal thickness was not detected. But tamsulosin effected the mean nasal and temporal choroidal thicknesses during study period. There were no significant decreases of scothopic, mesopic and photopic pupil diameter sizes in pupillography, it can be considered that tamsulosin doesn't effect pupil size.
Novel clinical method for preventing condensation in noncontact wide‐angle viewing systems
Authors: Kwon S. , Choi D. , Park I. , Lee J.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare the effects of a soaking objective lens into warm saline and a corneal coating with ophthalmicviscoelastic devices (OVDs) for preventing condensation during vitrectomy with noncontact wide‐angle viewingsystems (WAVs).MethodsFour experiments were performed with a noncontact WAVs. First, we explored the condensation timeaccording to the distance between cornea and objective lens. Second, after coating the dispersive ophthalmicviscoelastic devices (OVDs) on cornea surface, we rechecked the condensation time in the same manner. Third, we repeated experiment after soaking the objective lens in warm saline. Before 3rd experiment, to determine the optimalsoaking time, we checked the temperature changes after soaking lens for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min.ResultsThe difference in temperature of the lenses soaked for 1 and 5 min was not statistically significant. Onthe other hand, the lenses soaked for 10, 15 and 20 min showed statistically significant difference compared withthe lenses soaked for 1 min in the saline. There was no difference in the condensation time between control andOVDs coating group at 1, 3 and 5 mm distance from the corneal surface (p = .068, p = .051 and p = .063 respectively).However, the condensation time of the 1 min warm saline soaking group was higher than that of the control at 1, 3and 5 mm distance from the corneal surface (p = .043, p = .041 and p = .043 respectively).ConclusionsA corneal coating with OVDs was not much effective in delaying condensation time while warm salinesoaked lens proved to be simple and effective to get clear surgical view for a long enough time.
Clinical evaluation of oculus keratograph corneal topographer in normal population
Authors: Ehsaei A. , Yazdani N. , Ostadi Moghadam H. , Shahkarami L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCorneal topography is a non‐invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface of the cornea. Since cornea is normally responsible for more than 70% of eye refractive power, its topography is of great importance in determining the quality of vision and corneal health. It seems important to have detailed information of corneal topography in order to understand contribution the cornea makes to vision.Methods500 eyes of 500 normal subjects were investigated using the Oculus Corneal Topographer. Slit lap biomicroscopy was utilized in conjunction with standard descriptions of changes to assess pathologies of anterior segment. Anterior surface of the cornea and lid angle were evaluated using Oculus Corneal topographer.ResultsThe average corneal power in steepest and flattest meridian were 44.28 ± 1.51 and 43.44 ± 1.47, respectively. The mean of corneal astigmatism was −0.90 ± 0.55 diopters. The average value of corneal parameters were as follow: Eccentricity 0.52±0.11, Index of Surface Variation 18.73 ± 5.36, Index of Vertical Asymmetry 0.12 ± 0.05, Keratoconus Index 1.01 ± 0.02, Central Keratoconus Index 1.01 ± 0.01, Index of Height Asymmetry 6.21 ± 4.21 and Index of Height Decentration 0.01 ± 0.00. The mean of pupil diameter was 3.43 ± 0.72. Corneal asphericity was estimated in three diameters of 5, 6 and 7 mm and the average values were −0.21 ± 0.11, −0.24 ± 0.10 and −0.27 ± 0.11, respectively. The mean value of lid angle was reported as 12.29 ± 3.77 degrees.ConclusionsThis study have provided detailed and applicable description of computerized corneal topography parameters in a normal population which is useful in diagnosis and management of anterior segment disorders, such as keratoconus and corneal ectatic, preoperative assessments of refractive surgery procedures and contact lenses prescription.