bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effect of Saharan dust and UVR on autotrophic picoplankton in nearshore versus offshore waters of Mediterranean Sea
Authors: González‐Olalla J. M. , Medina‐Sánchez J. M. , Cabrerizo M. J. , Villar‐Argáiz Manuel , Sánchez‐Castillo Pedro M. , Carrillo Presentación 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutotrophic picoplankton (APP) is responsible for the vast majority of primary production in oligotrophic marine areas, such as the Alboran Sea. The increase in atmospheric dust deposition (e.g., from Sahara Desert) associated with global warming, together with the high UV radiation (UVR) on these ecosystems, may generate effects on APP hitherto unknown. We performed an observational study across the Alboran Sea to establish which factors control the abundance and distribution of APP, and we made a microcosm experiment in two distinct areas, nearshore and offshore, to predict the joint UVR × dust impact on APP at midterm scales. Our observational study showed that temperature (T) was the main factor explaining the APP distribution whereas total dissolved nitrogen positively correlated with APP abundance. Our experimental study revealed that Saharan dust inputs reduced or inverted the UVR damage on the photosynthetic quantum yield (ΦPSII) and picoplanktonic primary production (PPP) in the nearshore area but accentuated it in the offshore. This contrasting effect is partially explained by the nonphotochemical quenching, acting as a photorepair mechanism. Picoeukaryotes reflected the observed effects on the physiological and metabolic variables, and Synechococcus was the only picoprokaryotic group that showed a positive response under UVR × dust conditions. Our study highlights a dual sensitivity of nearshore versus offshore picoplankton to dust inputs and UVR fluxes, just at the time in which these two global‐change factors show their highest intensities and may recreate a potential future response of the microbial food web under global‐change conditions.
Freeze‐Drying as a Novel Biofabrication Method for Achieving a Controlled Microarchitecture within Large, Complex Natural Biomaterial Scaffolds
Authors: Brougham Claire M. , Levingstone Tanya J. , Shen Nian , Cooney Gerard M. , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Flanagan Thomas C. , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe biofabrication of large natural biomaterial scaffolds into complex 3D shapes which have a controlled microarchitecture remains a major challenge. Freeze‐drying (or lyophilization) is a technique used to generate scaffolds in planar 3D geometries. Here we report the development of a new biofabrication process to form a collagen‐based scaffold into a large, complex geometry which has a large height to width ratio, and a controlled porous microarchitecture. This biofabrication process is validated through the successful development of a heart valve shaped scaffold, fabricated from a collagen‐glycosaminoglycan co‐polymer. Notably, despite the significant challenges in using freeze‐drying to create such a structure, the resultant scaffold has a uniform, homogenous pore architecture throughout. This is achieved through optimization of the freeze‐drying mold and the freezing parameters. We believe this to be the first demonstration of using freeze‐drying to create a large, complex scaffold geometry with a controlled, porous architecture for natural biomaterials. This study validates the potential of using freeze‐drying for development of organ‐specific scaffold geometries for tissue engineering applications, which up until now might not have been considered feasible.
High Intensity Generation of Entangled Photons in a Two‐Mode Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Makarov D. N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAt present, the sources of entangled photons have a low rate of photon generation. This limitation is a key component of quantum informatics for the realization of such functions as linear quantum computation and quantum teleportation. In this paper, we propose a method for high intensity generation of entangled photons in a two‐mode electromagnetic field. On the basis of exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation, when electrons interact in an atom with a strong two‐mode electromagnetic field, it is shown that there may be large quantum entanglement between photons. The quantum entanglement is analyzed on the basis of the Schmidt parameter. It is shown that the Schmidt parameter can reach very high values depending on the choice of characteristics of the two‐mode fields. We find the Wigner function for the considered case. Violation of Bell's inequalities for continuous variables is demonstrated.
Quantum Transition Between Magnetically Ordered and Mott Glass Phases
Authors: Syromyatnikov A. V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe discuss a quantum transition from a superfluid to a Mott glass phases in disordered Bose‐systems by the example of an isotropic spin‐ antiferromagnet with spatial dimension and with disorder in tunable exchange couplings. Our analytical consideration is based on general properties of a system in critical regime, on the assumption that the magnetically order part of the system shows fractal properties near the transition, and on a hydrodynamic description of long‐wavelength magnons in the magnetically ordered (“superfluide”) phase. Our results are fully consistent with a scaling theory based on an ansatz for the free energy proposed by M. P. Fisher et al. (Phys. Rev. B 40, 546 (1989)). We obtain for the dynamical critical exponent and , where ϕ, β, and ν are critical exponents of the critical temperature, the order parameter, and the correlation length, respectively. The density of states of localized excitations (fractons) is found to show a superuniversal (i.e., independent of d) behavior.
1D and 2D Graphdiynes: Recent Advances on the Synthesis at Interfaces and Potential Nanotechnological Applications
Authors: Chen Zhi , Molina‐Jirón Concepción , Klyatskaya Svetlana , Klappenberger Florian , Ruben Mario 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn solution‐based chemistry butadiyne linkage through the homocoupling reaction of alkynes is a versatile tool for the synthesis of π‐conjugated polymers, scaffolds and networks. To date this strategy was actively implemented towards chemical synthesis at interfaces. In this review paper we summarize recent advances in the syntheses of 1D wires, 2D single‐layers and thin films of graphdiyne‐related carbon materials at interfaces and their potential applications in nanotechnology. With a high degree of π‐conjunction, uniformly distributed pores and tunable electronic properties such 2D all‐carbon networks with butadiyne linkages also known as ‘graphdiynes’ have been successfully employed in the field‐effected emission devices, solar cells, for Li ion storage and oil water separation, and as catalysis or chemical sensors.
Metall‐Metall‐Mehrfachbindung oder keine Bindung? Die elektronische Struktur von V2O2
Authors: Hübner Olaf , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie detaillierte Kenntnis der elektronischen Struktur von Vanadiumoxidclustern bildet die Basis für das Verständnis und die Abstimmung ihrer wichtigen katalytischen Eigenschaften. Allerdings existieren in der Literatur schon für das einfache vieratomige V2O2‐Molekül widersprüchliche Berichte bezüglich des elektronischen Grundzustandes und einer möglichen Vanadium‐Vanadium‐Bindung. Mit einer Kombination aus experimentellen (Matrixisolation) und theoretischen Ergebnissen zeigen wir hier, dass eine Vanadium‐Vanadium‐Bindung in diesem prototypischen Vanadiumoxidmolekül gebildet wird.
Rheological behaviors exhibited by soy protein systems under dynamic aqueous environments
Authors: Garrity Nancy K. , Grigsby Warren J. , Jin Jianyong , Edmonds Neil R. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, rheological behaviors of soy protein and soy flour as powders, pastes, and dispersions are characterized over a range of water contents and temperature to understand their processing in adhesives or paints. At ambient temperature, soy protein samples were characterized by low critical strain values (<0.1%), whereas soy flour samples exhibit linear viscoelastic regions >1% strain with 30–90% water content. On heating, the aqueous soy protein and soy flour compositions have complex rheological behaviors due to plasticization by water and the thermal denaturing and crosslinking of protein and carbohydrate with increasing temperature. Below 100 °C, soy protein rheological behaviors were attributable to the glass transition of the 7S and 11S soy globulin fractions, polymer flow, and plasticization by residual moisture. Above 100 °C, the onset of protein crosslinking was observed with this shifting to higher temperatures for samples still dehydrating. With soy flour samples, the residual moisture present above 100 °C similarly increase protein crosslinking to higher temperatures (125–148 °C) for samples with initial water contents of 30–90%. These results provide a basis for understanding why soy systems undergoing heat processing and rapid dehydration will require higher temperature and longer processing time to attain a cured, crosslinked state. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45513.
Metabolism of 7‐ethoxycoumarin, flavanone and steroids by cytochrome P450 2C9 variants
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Nakano Ryosuke , Kanamaru Kengo , Takenaka Shinji , Uno Yuichi , Imaishi Hiromasa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCYP2C9 is a human microsomal cytochrome P450c (CYP). Much of the variation in CYP2C9 levels and activity can be attributed to polymorphisms of this gene. Wild‐type CYP2C9 and mutants were coexpressed with NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli. The hydroxylase activities toward 7‐ethoxycoumarin, flavanone and steroids were examined. Six CYP2C9 variants showed Soret peaks (450 nm) typical of P450 in reduced CO‐difference spectra. CYP2C9.38 had the highest 7‐ethoxycoumarin de‐ethylase activity. All the CYP2C9 variants showed lower flavanone 6‐hydroxylation activities than CYP2C9.1 (the wild‐type). CYP2C9.38 showed higher activities in testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation, progesterone 6β−/16α‐hydroxylation, estrone 11α‐hydroxylation and estradiol 6α‐hydroxylation than CYP2C9.1. CYP2C9.40 showed higher testosterone 17‐oxidase activity than CYP2C9.1; CYP2C9.8 showed higher estrone 16α‐hydroxylase activity and CYP2C9.12 showed higher estrone 11α‐hydroxylase activity. CYP2C9.9 and CYP2C9.10 showed similar activities to CYP2C9.1. These results indicate that the substrate specificity of CYP2C9.9 and CYP2C9.10 was not changed, but CYP2C9.8, CYP2C9.12 and CYP2C9.40 showed different substrate specificity toward steroids compared with CYP2C9.1; and especially CYP2C9.38 displayed diverse substrate specificities towards 7‐ethoxycoumarin and steroids.
A Sensitive Luminescent Acetylacetone Probe Based on Zn‐MOF with Six‐Fold Interpenetration
Authors: Kang Xiao‐Min , Cheng Rui‐Rui , Xu Hang , Wang Wen‐Min , Zhao Bin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel metal‐organic framework {[Zn(XL)2](ClO4)2⋅6 H2O}n (XL=N,N′‐bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxdiimide bi(1,2,4‐triazole)) was synthesized and structurally characterized, presenting the first example of six‐fold interpenetrating 3 D framework with the topology type of sqc6, which displays high thermostability and solvent stability. Additionally, the luminescence investigations reveal that this MOF can sensitively and selectively detect acetylacetone with a detection limit of 1.72 ppm. More importantly, it is rather rare for an MOF‐based luminescence probe to serve as a sensor to effectively detect acetylacetone.
Dissecting Trichalcogenasumanenes: π‐Bowl to Planar, Invertible Curvature, and Chiral Polycycles
Authors: Hou Xueqing , Li Xuexiang , Sun Chunlin , Chen Lichuan , Sun Yantao , Liu Zhe , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe buckybowl trichalcogenasumanenes show cleavage of flanking benzene ring upon oxidation, which leads their dissection by fusing various amidine moieties onto peripheral region. By gradually increasing the ring size of amidine from five‐ to six‐ and seven‐membered, the molecule engineering results in the [7‐5‐6]‐, [7‐6‐6]‐, and [7‐7‐6]‐fused polycycles. Three systems are distinct in the molecular geometries, packing motifs, and optoelectronic properties. The [7‐5‐6]‐fused case adopts the flat backbone, displays strong emission with the fluorescence quantum yield up to 52.3 %, and undergoes a two‐photon absorption process. The [7‐6‐6]‐fused one is of a curvature with molecular geometry inversion, forms a tight stack of curved π‐system, shows broad absorption extended to 700 nm, and exhibits the p‐type semiconducting behavior with hole mobility of 4.4×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The [7‐7‐6]‐fused one possesses the highly twisted skeleton to show stable chirality, and exhibits red emission in both solution and solid state. The surgery on trichalcogenasumanene is a promising approach to create polycycles with diverse functionalities.
Distribution and chemical composition of estrogen receptor β neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the female and male mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Oyola Mario G. , Thompson Maranda K. , Handa Aaron Z. , Handa Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractActivation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)‐expressing neurons regulates the mammalian stress response via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. These neurons densely populate the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Recent research has revealed striking differences between rat and mouse PVN cytochemistry, but careful exploration of PVN ERβ neurons in mice has been hindered by a lack of specific ERβ antisera. Therefore, we used male and female transgenic mice expressing EGFP under the control of the mouse ERβ promoter (ERβ‐EGFP) to examine the chemical architecture of PVN ERβ cells. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that 90% of ERβ‐immunoreactivity (‐ir) colocalized with EGFP. Cellular colocalization of EGFP with neuropeptides, transcription modulators, and neuronal tracers was examined throughout the PVN. ERβ‐EGFP cells expressed oxytocin more abundantly in the rostral (71 ± 3%) than caudal (33 ± 8%) PVN. Arginine vasopressin colocalized with EGFP more often in females (18 ± 3%) than males (4 ± 1%). Moreover, estrogen receptor α‐ir colocalized with ERβ‐EGFP at low levels (15 ± 3%). Using a corticotropin releasing hormone‐cre driver X tdTomato reporter mouse, we found a moderate colocalization with ERβ‐ir (48 ± 16%) in the middle PVN. Peripheral injection of fluorogold revealed that the rostral PVN ERβ‐EGFP cells are neuroendocrine neurons whereas non‐neuroendocrine (presumably pre‐autonomic) ERβ‐EGFP neurons predominated in the posterior PVN. These data demonstrate chemoarchitectural differences in ERβ neurons of the mouse PVN that are different from that previously described for the rat, thus, elucidating potential neuronal pathways involved in the regulation of the HPA axis in mice.
Revisiting Hansen Solubility Parameters by Including Thermodynamics
Authors: Louwerse Manuel J. , Maldonado Ana , Rousseau Simon , Moreau‐Masselon Chloe , Roux Bernard , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Hansen solubility parameter approach is revisited by implementing the thermodynamics of dissolution and mixing. Hansen's pragmatic approach has earned its spurs in predicting solvents for polymer solutions, but for molecular solutes improvements are needed. By going into the details of entropy and enthalpy, several corrections are suggested that make the methodology thermodynamically sound without losing its ease of use. The most important corrections include accounting for the solvent molecules’ size, the destruction of the solid's crystal structure, and the specificity of hydrogen‐bonding interactions, as well as opportunities to predict the solubility at extrapolated temperatures. Testing the original and the improved methods on a large industrial dataset including solvent blends, fit qualities improved from 0.89 to 0.97 and the percentage of correct predictions rose from 54 % to 78 %. Full Matlab scripts are included in the Supporting Information, allowing readers to implement these improvements on their own datasets.
How relative size and abundance structures the relationship between size and individual growth in an ontogenetically piscivorous fish
Authors: Chamberlin Joshua W. , Beckman Brian R. , Greene Correigh M. , Rice Casimir A. , Hall Jason E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile individual growth ultimately reflects the quality and quantity of food resources, intra and interspecific interactions for these resources, as well as individual size, may have dramatic impacts on growth opportunity. Out‐migrating anadromous salmonids make rapid transitions between habitat types resulting in large pulses of individuals into a given location over a short period, which may have significant impact on demand for local resources. We evaluated the spatial and temporal variation in IGF‐1 concentrations (a proxy for growth rate) and the relationship between size and concentration for juvenile Chinook salmon in Puget Sound, WA, USA, as a function of the relative size and abundance of both Chinook salmon and Pacific herring, a species which commonly co‐occurs with salmonids in nearshore marine habitats. The abundance of Chinook salmon and Pacific herring varied substantially among the sub‐basins as function of outmigration timing and spawn timing, respectively, while size varied systematically and consistently for both species. Mean IGF‐1 concentrations were different among sub‐basins, although patterns were not consistent through time. In general, size was positively correlated with IGF‐1 concentration, although the slope of the relationship was considerably higher where Pacific herring were more abundant than Chinook salmon; specifically where smaller individual herring, relative to Chinook salmon, were more abundant. Where Pacific herring were less abundant than Chinook salmon, IGF‐1 concentrations among small and large Chinook salmon were more variable and showed no consistent increase for larger individuals. The noticeable positive effect of relative Pacific herring abundance on the relationship between size and individual growth rates likely represents a shift to predation based on increased IGF‐1 concentrations for individual Chinook salmon that are large enough to incorporate fish into their diet and co‐occur with the highest abundances of Pacific herring.
The influence of herbivory and weather on the vital rates of two closely related cactus species
Authors: Sauby Kristen E. , Kilmer John , Christman Mary C. , Holt Robert D. , Marsico Travis D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerbivory has long been recognized as a significant driver of plant population dynamics, yet its effects along environmental gradients are unclear. Understanding how weather modulates plant–insect interactions can be particularly important for predicting the consequences of exotic insect invasions, and an explicit consideration of weather may help explain why the impact can vary greatly across space and time. We surveyed two native prickly pear cactus species (genus Opuntia) in the Florida panhandle, USA, and their specialist insect herbivores (the invasive South American cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, and three native insect species) for five years across six sites. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the impact of herbivory and weather on plant relative growth rate (RGR) and sexual reproduction, and we used Fisher's exact test to estimate the impact of herbivory on survival. Weather variables (precipitation and temperature) were consistently significant predictors of vital rate variation for both cactus species, in contrast to the limited and varied impacts of insect herbivory. Weather only significantly influenced the impact of herbivory on Opuntia humifusa fruit production. The relationships of RGR and fruit production with precipitation suggest that precipitation serves as a cue in determining the trade‐off in the allocation of resources to growth or fruit production. The presence of the native bug explained vital rate variation for both cactus species, whereas the invasive moth explained variation only for O. stricta. Despite the inconsistent effect of herbivory across vital rates and cactus species, almost half of O. stricta plants declined in size, and the invasive insect negatively affected RGR and fruit production. Given that fruit production was strongly size‐dependent, this suggests that O. stricta populations at the locations surveyed are transitioning to a size distribution of predominantly smaller sizes and with reduced sexual reproduction potential.
Discriminating patterns and drivers of multiscale movement in herpetofauna: The dynamic and changing environment of the Mojave desert tortoise
Authors: Sadoti Giancarlo , Gray Miranda E. , Farnsworth Matthew L. , Dickson Brett G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChanges to animal movement in response to human‐induced changes to the environment are of growing concern in conservation. Most research on this problem has focused on terrestrial endotherms, but changes to herpetofaunal movement are also of concern given their limited dispersal abilities and specialized thermophysiological requirements. Animals in the desert region of the southwestern United States are faced with environmental alterations driven by development (e.g., solar energy facilities) and climate change. Here, we study the movement ecology of a desert species of conservation concern, the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). We collected weekly encounter locations of marked desert tortoises during the active (nonhibernation) seasons in 2013–2015, and used those data to discriminate movements among activity centers from those within them. We then modeled the probability of movement among activity centers using a suite of covariates describing characteristics of tortoises, natural and anthropogenic landscape features, vegetation, and weather. Multimodel inference indicated greatest support for a model that included individual tortoise characteristics, landscape features, and weather. After controlling for season, date, age, and sex, we found that desert tortoises were more likely to move among activity centers when they were further from minor roads and in the vicinity of barrier fencing; we also found that movement between activity centers was more common during periods of greater rainfall and during periods where cooler temperatures coincided with lower rainfall. Our findings indicate that landscape alterations and climate change both have the potential to impact movements by desert tortoises during the active season. This study provides an important baseline against which we can detect future changes in tortoise movement behavior.