bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaption of microbial community during the start-up stage of a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating food waste
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Xing , Deng Ya-Yue , He Xiao-Lan , Li Zheng-Wei , Li Qiang , Qin Han , Chen Jing-Tao , He Ming-Xiong , Zhang Min , Hu Guo-Quan , Yin Xiao-Bo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A successful start-up enables acceleration of anaerobic digestion (AD) into steady state. The microbial community influences the AD performance during the start-up. To investigate how microbial communities changed during the start-up, microbial dynamics was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing in this study. The results confirmed that the AD was started up within 25 d. Thermophilic methanogens and bacterial members functioning in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and syntrophic oxidation became predominant during the start-up stage, reflecting a quick adaption of microorganisms to operating conditions. Such predominance also indicated the great contribution of these members to the fast start-up of AD. Redundancy analysis confirmed that the bacterial abundance significantly correlated with AD conditions. The stable ratio of hydrogenotrophic methanogens to aceticlastic methanogens is also important to maintain the stability of the AD process. This work will be helpful to understand the contribution of microbial community to the start-up of AD.
Boccaccio and the Early Modern Reception of Tragedy
Authors: Kriesel James C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFourteenth-century Italian humanists discussed the properties of tragedy while considering the value of Latin versus vernacular literature. Boccaccio was interested in these discussions because humanists were promoting classicizing tragic and epic literatures at the expense of vernacular writing. This article explores Boccaccio’s role in these debates by examining the tragic stories of the Decameron. It suggests that Boccaccio highlighted the virtues of his erotic tales by contrasting them to the tragic stories of day 4, a strategy inspired by Ovid’s elegiac poems. Boccaccio thus underscored the dignity of his low, Ovidian-inspired Decameron, and counterbalanced humanist fascination with high tragic-epic literatures.
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate is Involved in the Occlusive Arteriopathy of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gairhe Salina , Joshi Sachindra R. , Bastola Mrigendra M. , McLendon Jared M. , Oka Masahiko , Fagan Karen A. , McMurtry Ivan F. 
Published: June 2016

Despite several advances in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Current therapy improves symptoms but has disappointing effects on survival. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid synthesized by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and SphK2. Considering the regulatory roles of S1P in several tissues leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis, we investigated whether S1P plays a role in the pathogenesis of PAH. To test this hypothesis, we used plasma samples and lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and the Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia rat model of occlusive PAH. Our study revealed an increase in the plasma concentration of S1P in patients with IPAH and in early and late stages of PAH in rats. We observed increased expression of both SphK1 and SphK2 in the remodeled pulmonary arteries of patients with IPAH and PAH rats. Exogenous S1P stimulated the proliferation of cultured rat pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth‐muscle cells. We also found that 3 weeks of treatment of late‐stage PAH rats with an SphK1 inhibitor reduced the increased plasma levels of S1P and the occlusive pulmonary arteriopathy. Although inhibition of SphK1 improved cardiac index and the total pulmonary artery resistance index, it did not reduce right ventricular systolic pressure or right ventricular hypertrophy. Our study supports that S1P is involved in the pathogenesis of occlusive arteriopathy in PAH and provides further evidence that S1P signaling may be a novel therapeutic target.
Assessment of the Physiologic Contribution of Right Atrial Function to Total Right Heart Function in Patients with and without Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sivak Joseph A. , Raina Amresh , Forfia Paul R. 
Published: June 2016

Total right heart function requires normal function of both the right ventricle and the right atrium. However, the degree to which right atrial (RA) function and right ventricular (RV) function each contribute to total right heart function has not been quantified. In this study, we aimed to quantify the contribution of RA function to total right heart function in a group of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients compared to a cohort of normal controls without cardiovascular disease. The normal cohort comprised 35 subjects with normal clinical echocardiograms, while the PAH cohort included 37 patients, of whom 31 had echocardiograms before and after initiation of PAH‐specific therapy. Total right heart function was measured via tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE). TAPSE was broken down into two components, the excursion occurring during RA contraction (TAPSERA) and that occurring before RA contraction (TAPSERV). RA fractional area change (RA‐FAC) was also compared between the two groups. In the PAH cohort, more than half of the total TAPSE occurred during atrial systole, compared to less than one‐third in the normal cohort (51.0% vs. 32.1%; P < 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between RA‐FAC and TAPSE in the PAH cohort but not in the normal cohort. TAPSE improved significantly in the posttreatment cohort (1.7 vs. 2.1 cm), but TAPSERA continued to account for about half of the total TAPSE after treatment. RA function accounts for a significantly greater proportion of total right heart function in patients with PAH than in normal subjects.
How Women in Biomedical PhD Programs Manage Gender Consciousness as They Persist Toward Academic Research Careers
Authors: Remich Robin , Jones Remi , Wood Christine V. , Campbell Patricia B. , McGee Richard 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Women remain underrepresented as biomedical faculty and are more likely than white and Asian men to lose interest in faculty careers in graduate school. However, some women maintain interest in academic research careers during PhD training and are the most likely candidates for faculty positions. This study explored how these women described and interpreted gender issues at early stages in their training.

Method
Annual interviews from 2009 to 2014 with 22 female PhD students aspiring to research faculty careers were analyzed using an iterative, content analysis approach rooted in the interview data. Focusing on career intentions and experiences with gender, race, and ethnicity, authors arrived at 11 themes which describe a range of gendered experiences and strategies.

Results
Of the 22 women, 19 (86%) acknowl edged systemic gender inequities in science and/or reported instances of bias, while 15 of them also said they had not yet experienced unequal treatment. All 22 described using at least one “gender-explicit strategy,” where they based decisions on gender or in response to perceived biases. “Gender-agnostic strategies” emerged for 12 (55%) who doubted that gender will affect their career.

Conclusions
Findings show that women biomedical PhD students continue to face conditions that can lead to unequal treatment; gender biases continue to persist. Students displayed a range of perceptions and strategies in response to these conditions at this early training stage. Following these students over time will determine whether these or other strategies are required and sufficient to enable persistence toward academic careers.
Prediction of Postoperative Pain From Electrical Pain Thresholds After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Persson Anna K.M. , Dyrehag Lars-Erik , Åkeson Jonas 
Published: June 2016

Objective:
Early postoperative pain correlates to persisting pain, psychosocial distress, and delayed mobilization with thromboembolic and infectious complications. Electrical pain thresholds (EPT) have shown promising results in being able to predict postoperative pain, but the results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to test whether EPT levels can be used to predict the postoperative pain in patients of both sexes.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred eighty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this prospective clinical study. Individual levels of EPT were measured before surgery, and the pain intensity was evaluated in the early postoperative period.

Results:
There were significant correlations between EPT and the maximum postoperative pain intensity (r
s=−0.21, P=0.009), time to the first rescue opioid (r
s=0.26, P=0.006), and the total dose of rescue opioid (r
s=−0.22, P=0.001). The interaction test showed significant influence of the sex on the ability of EPT to predict the postoperative pain intensity. Female patients with low EPT (<15) had a 4.5 times higher risk of postoperative pain (P=0.003).

Discussion:
Levels of EPT are reproducible, and the technique is well tolerated. However, it can be used to predict postoperative pain only in women. A weak correlation with the postoperative pain intensity, found here as well as previously, and the high sex dependency of the EPT levels obtained considerably limit the predictive value of this technique for routine use in perioperative clinical practice.
Endometrial ‘scratching’: what the data show
Authors: Santamaria Xavier , Katzorke Nora , Simón Carlos 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Since its first description in 2003, the endometrial scratching procedure has been the topic of over 1000 studies. This procedure, used to improve endometrial receptivity for assisted reproduction, is accessible – any gynecologist can easily perform it – and has been adapted into clinical routine by some reproductive units. However, the available data are controversial, and no biological plausibility exists to support the use of this intervention. This study aims to critically review the existing data, focusing on the last 2 years, regarding the efficiency of endometrial scratching.

Recent findings
A total of five randomized controlled studies, one meta-analysis, and a systematic review related to endometrial scratching/injury were published in 2014 and 2015. Considerable heterogeneity exists among these studies regarding the selected population, type of treatment, and even timing and devices used to perform the endometrial injury. Importantly, none of these studies reported improved reproductive outcomes in terms of live birth rates following endometrial scratching.

Summary
Overall, data from properly designed and powered randomized controlled studies demonstrate no beneficial effect of this intervention that is based on unknown biological effects. Endometrial scratching produces pain, costs money, and the side-effects of systematic scratching in the production of Asherman syndrome remain to be seen. Think before scratching.
Management considerations for patients with uterine fibroids and concurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Moulder Janelle K. , Siedhoff Matthew T. , Till Sara R. , Moll Stephan 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose is to provide an update on management strategies for uterine fibroids in the setting of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Recent findings
Uterine fibroids and VTE are independently associated with morbidity and increasing healthcare costs. Women with large uterine fibroids have a higher likelihood of VTE. Current strategies for stratifying patients with VTE take into account the nature of the VTE (i.e., truly provoked or unprovoked) and many patients may only require short-term anticoagulation. In those patients with risk factors for recurrent VTE, longer term anticoagulation may be required.

Summary
In women with large uterine fibroids, the likelihood of concurrent VTE increases. Peri and postoperative management should be determined based on patient-specific risk stratification, with the majority of patients requiring short-term anticoagulation. Further risk stratification may be required for patients with essentially an unprovoked VTE, and consultation with a thrombosis specialist is recommended.
Hysteroscopy safety
Authors: Cholkeri-Singh Aarathi , Sasaki Kirsten Jill 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Hysteroscopy is a very common tool providing the gynecologist the ability to diagnose and treat a variety of intrauterine disorders. This outpatient therapy has provided quick and effective relief for women worldwide. Although simple in concept, hysteroscopy is associated with minor and major complications. Awareness of these difficulties and methods of prevention and management is key to good surgical outcomes. This article reviews well tolerated practices for hysteroscopy complications.

Recent findings
Although complications with both diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy are rare, they can often be prevented with thorough preoperative evaluation and appropriate intraoperative decision making. Understanding the patient, disorder, and surgical process can assist the surgeon in providing the best outcome for the patient.

Summary
With appropriate training and education, gynecologists can safely incorporate hysteroscopy into their surgical practice.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Past and Present—88 Surgeries in 30 Years at Chang Gung
Authors: Chwei-Chin Chuang David , Fang Frank , Nai-Jen Chang Tommy , Chuieng-Yi Lu Johnny 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a highly controversial clinical entity. There is much debate on its terminology, existence, diagnosis, and treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe our opinions about these controversial topics of TOS and the treatment of TOS over the past 30 years.

Methods:
From 1985 to 2014, a total of 80 patients underwent decompressive surgery for TOS. Eight patients requested a second surgery on the contralateral limb. They all had at least 1-year follow-up. Preoperative evaluation included provocative tests, plain X-ray, magnetic resonance angiography/computed tomography angiography, and electromyography. Surgical intervention for each patient involved a supraclavicular approach and near-total resection of the anterior scalene muscle and the first rib and of any cervical rib if it was present. Rib resection was performed with the use of Kerrison bone punch forceps. The operative time was typically 2 hours.

Results:
Major postoperative complications were rare. Nearly all patients (98%) experienced significant symptom relief, with improvement in soreness and tightness of the shoulder, neck, and arm immediately on the first postoperative day or within a few weeks thereafter. There were no cases with symptoms recurring.

Conclusions:
It is evident that decompressive surgery through a supraclavicular approach for TOS not only is an effective and safe procedure but also provides a diagnosis of the cause of TOS. For a patient who meets the criteria for surgical indication, decompressive surgery usually results in resolution of symptoms and no recurrence.
Rhinofacial Entomophthoromycosis Presenting as a Oronasal Tumor
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Wadood , Mohammed Babitha Alingal 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Entomophoromycosis is a rare mycotic infection affecting the subcutaneous tissue and nasal mucosa. Entomophthorales are seen in immunocompetent individuals. We present the case of a 22-year-old man who presented with nasal obstruction, unilateral watering from eye, and oral mass. On examination, the patient had an oronasal mass completely filling the left nasal cavity and extending into the left oropharynx. He also had left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The mass was excised by a combined endoscopic and transoral microscopic approach along with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Postoperative biopsy was entomophthoromycosis. The patient was put on itraconazole and is on follow-up. This case is unique because of its atypical presentation. We also discuss the nuances regarding its optimal management as per the available literature and how we successfully managed the case.
Assessment of the Abuse Potential of the Orexin Receptor Antagonist, Suvorexant, Compared With Zolpidem in a Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Schoedel Kerri A. , Sun Hong , Sellers Edward M. , Faulknor Janice , Levy-Cooperman Naama , Li Xiaodong , Kennedy William P. , Cha Jang-Ho , Lewis Nicole M. , Liu Wen , Bondiskey Phung , McCrea Jacqueline B. , Panebianco Deborah L. , Troyer Matthew D. , Wagner John A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved in the United States and Japan for the treatment of insomnia at a maximum dose of 20 mg. This randomized double-blind crossover study evaluated the abuse potential of suvorexant in 36 healthy recreational polydrug users with a history of sedative and psychedelic drug use. Single doses of suvorexant (40, 80, and 150 mg: 2–7.5 × maximum dose), zolpidem (15 and 30 mg: 1.5–3 × maximum dose), and placebo were administered, with a 10-day washout between treatments. Subjective and objective measures, including visual analog scales (VASs), Addiction Research Center Inventory, and cognitive/psychomotor tests, were evaluated for 24-hour postdose. Suvorexant had significantly greater peak effects on “drug liking” VAS (primary endpoint) than placebo. Although effects of suvorexant on abuse potential measures were generally similar to zolpidem, they remained constant across doses, whereas zolpidem often had greater effects at higher doses. Suvorexant (all doses) had significantly fewer effects than zolpidem 30 mg on secondary measures, such as “high” VAS, Bowdle VAS, and Addiction Research Center Inventory morphine-benzedrine group. The overall incidence of abuse-related adverse events, such as euphoric mood and hallucination, was numerically lower with suvorexant than zolpidem. In agreement with its classification as a schedule IV drug, suvorexant demonstrated abuse potential, compared with placebo. The abuse potential was similar to zolpidem using certain measures, but with a reduced incidence of abuse-related adverse events. Although this suggests that the overall abuse liability of suvorexant may be lower than zolpidem, the actual abuse rates will be assessed with the postmarketing experience.
Postoperative complications in cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery
Authors: De Hert Stefan , Moerman Annelies , De Baerdemaeker Luc 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of reviewIn this article we review the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of perioperative myocardial injury, the preoperative methods of predicting these complications, the diagnostic tools for detecting perioperative myocardial injuries, and the available protective strategies to prevent or attenuate the extent of myocardial injury.Recent findingsThe last years’ new insights have provided a better understanding of the problem of perioperative myocardial injury and infarction. Specifically, the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment are increasingly getting attention. Concomitantly, the results of recent large multicenter studies have challenged classical therapeutic approaches in the perioperative treatment of cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.SummaryThese new insights will help to better tailor individual strategies to prevent or minimize perioperative cardiac complications. Especially, early diagnosis and intensification of treatment will get specific interest in the coming years.
Postoperative hemodynamic instability and monitoring
Authors: Minokadeh Anushirvan , Pinsky Michael R. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose of the review is to identify the recently validated minimally invasive or noninvasive monitoring devices used to both monitor and guide resuscitation in the critically ill patients.

Recent findings
Recent advances in noninvasive measures of blood pressure, blood flow, and vascular tone have been validated and complement existing minimally invasive and invasive monitoring techniques. These monitoring approaches should be used within the context of a focused physical examination and static vital sign analysis. When available, measurement of urinary output is often included. All studies show that minimally invasive and noninvasive measure of arterial pressure and cardiac output are possible and often remain as accurate as invasive measures. The noninvasive techniques degrade in severe circulatory failure and the use of vasopressor therapy. Importantly, these output parameters form the treatment goals for many goal-directed therapies protocols.

Summary
When coupled with a focused physical examination and functional hemodynamic monitoring analyses, these measures become even more specific at defining volume responsiveness and vasomotor tone and can be used to drive resuscitation strategies.
Fracture risk calculation tool enhances dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan referral pathway in cirrhosis patients
Authors: Nicoll Ruairidh , Black Alison , Bailey Lorna , Dundas Pauline , McLeman Lindsay , Vijayan Balasubramaniam , Fraser Andrew , Mukhopadhya Ashis 
Published: June 2016

Objectives
Liver cirrhosis is associated with osteoporosis leading to an increased risk of fractures. We aimed to establish whether a risk stratification strategy using a fracture risk calculation tool (FRAX) to determine which patients should receive a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is effective in reducing scan rates without compromising sensitivity for detecting osteoporosis.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 252 patients with liver cirrhosis attending hepatoma surveillance clinics. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess sensitivity and specificity at 10-year fracture risk thresholds of 5, 10 and 15%.

Results
DXA scans were performed among 252 patients. Mean age was 61.6±10.2 years, of which 53.2% were male. Cirrhosis aetiology was largely a result of alcohol excess (n=33.3%), chronic hepatitis C virus infection (n=20.2%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n=15.9%). The majority of patients were in good prognostic groups (87.4% Child–Pugh A, 11.3% Child–Pugh B, 1.3% Child–Pugh C). Osteoporosis was present in 19.0% of those who underwent DXA scanning. The optimum 10-year fracture risk threshold was found to be 10% using the FRAX tool. This retained a high sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity 64.7%, and negative predictive value 98.5%. Introduction of a 10% FRAX threshold would result in a reduction of the DXA scanning rate to 46.8% of the current rate.

Conclusion
A risk stratification strategy for DXA scanning using a fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) and a 10-year fracture risk threshold of 10% leads to a significant reduction in scan rates without compromising osteoporosis detection rates.