bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of claims‐based algorithms for epilepsy research: Revealing the unseen performance of claims‐based studies
Authors: Moura Lidia M. V. R. , Price Maggie , Cole Andrew J. , Hoch Daniel B. , Hsu John 
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate published algorithms for the identification of epilepsy cases in medical claims data using a unique linked dataset with both clinical and claims data.MethodsUsing data from a large, regional health delivery system, we identified all patients contributing biologic samples to the health system's Biobank (n = 36K). We identified all subjects with at least one diagnosis potentially consistent with epilepsy, for example, epilepsy, convulsions, syncope, or collapse, between 2014 and 2015, or who were seen at the epilepsy clinic (n = 1,217), plus a random sample of subjects with neither claims nor clinic visits (n = 435); we then performed a medical chart review in a random subsample of 1,377 to assess the epilepsy diagnosis status. Using the chart review as the reference standard, we evaluated the test characteristics of six published algorithms.ResultsThe best‐performing algorithm used diagnostic and prescription drug data (sensitivity = 70%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 66–73%; specificity = 77%, 95% CI 73–81%; and area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73, 95%CI 0.71–0.76) when applied to patients age 18 years or older. Restricting the sample to adults aged 18–64 years resulted in a mild improvement in accuracy (AUC = 0.75,95%CI 0.73–0.78). Adding information about current antiepileptic drug use to the algorithm increased test performance (AUC = 0.78, 95%CI 0.76–0.80). Other algorithms varied in their included data types and performed worse.SignificanceCurrent approaches for identifying patients with epilepsy in insurance claims have important limitations when applied to the general population. Approaches incorporating a range of information, for example, diagnoses, treatments, and site of care/specialty of physician, improve the performance of identification and could be useful in epilepsy studies using large datasets.
Female Intrasexual Territoriality and its Potential Adaptive Significance: The Pampean Grassland Mouse as an Ecological Model Species
Authors: Bonatto Florencia , Priotto José , Coda José , Steinmann Andrea R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTerritorial behaviour in female small mammals has been proposed as a mechanism to defend limited ecological resources or their pups against conspecific infanticidal or predators. Female territorial behaviour very often is associated with reproductive activity due to the fact that frequency and intensity of aggression are exhibited mainly when females are pregnant or lactating. In vole and mice species, female territoriality would be a counterstrategy to prevent the killing of their pups by conspecific breeding females. To study whether female territoriality is a strategy for pups or nest defence against infanticidal breeding females, and whether time invested in nursing young affects aggressive response of mothers, we used the Pampean grassland mouse (Akodon azarae) as an ecological model species. We conducted resident–intruder tests between lactating females. Differences in residency time (48 vs. 72 h) of focal females in their home territory were also included in the analysis. In all cases, the pups of both resident and intruder mothers were placed with the nesting material from their reproductive cages. Resident mothers were always more aggressive than intruders and they were even more aggressive when they spent more time nursing their pups. Contrarily, intruder females exhibited the greatest values of submissive behaviours. Our results show that female territoriality of A. azarae would represent a strategy to protect pups from potentially infanticidal females. We discuss the extent of female intrasexual territoriality and its potential adaptive significance in relation to strategies which lead to increase their reproductive success.
Beyond facilitator? State roles in global value chains and global production networks
Authors: Horner Rory 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDesigned to break with state‐centric approaches to understanding economic development, global commodity chain, global value chain (GVC), and global production network (GPN) analyses have deepened our understanding of the corporate governance of global lead firms and associated development outcomes in an era of globalisation. Although this research field is recognised to have provided considerable insight into private governance, a rapidly emerging body of research has given greater attention to the role of the state in GVCs and GPN. Although the state playing a role as facilitator towards firms participating in GPNs has often been an emphasis, this article argues that a variety of other roles are of increasing prominence, including as regulator, producer (state‐owned enterprises), and buyer (public procurement). A major challenge for both policymakers and researchers is to understand how a range of state initiatives not just shape but also are shaped by their positioning in GVCs and GPNs.
Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in older Portuguese adults: An EMPIRE substudy
Authors: Robalo Nunes António , Fonseca Cândida , Marques Filipa , Belo Aurora , Brilhante Dialina , Cortez José 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to characterize the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in older Portuguese adults, and to compare it with the prevalence in younger individuals.MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional study (EMPIRE study) enrolling a representative sample of 6267 adults aged <65 years and 1617 adults aged ≥65 years was carried out. Hemoglobin, ferritin, creatinine and C‐reactive protein levels were measured by Point‐of‐Care tests.ResultsAnemia was more prevalent (P < 0.001) in participants aged ≥80 years (31.4%) compared with participants aged <65 years (19.6%) and 65–79 years (17.3%). At a 30‐ng/mL ferritin cut‐off, iron deficiency was more prevalent in participants aged ≥80 years (42.8%) compared with participants aged <65 years (31.5%) and 65–79 years (30.2%). Alternative ferritin cut‐offs showed overall similar patterns. Anemia and iron deficiency were significantly more prevalent in older individuals who self‐reported heart failure, coronary heart disease and gastritis. Anemia was more prevalent in participants aged <65 years in the north of Portugal and participants aged ≥65 years in central Portugal, following the prevalence of iron deficiency in the regions. In all regions, anemia was more prevalent in participants aged ≥80 years (reaching 39.0% in Lisbon and Tagus Valley, and 51.0% in the south).ConclusionsAnemia and iron deficiency are highly prevalent in older Portuguese adults, particularly among those aged ≥80 years. Better diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies should be implemented taking into account the outstanding role of iron deficiency in older Portuguese adults, the differences between regions and the intrinsic characteristics of this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1814–1822.
Association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and physical activity among community‐dwelling Chinese adults aged 60 years and older
Authors: Hai Shan , Cao Li , Wang Hui , Zhou Jianghua , Liu Ping , Yang Ying , Hao Qiukui , Dong Birong 
Published: February 2017

AimAimThe aim of the present study was to examine the association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and physical activity among community‐dwelling Chinese people aged 60 years and older.MethodsThis study was carried out on 836 community‐dwelling Chinese individuals aged ≥60 years to evaluate sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits were collected using a general questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment and biochemical parameters, whereas physical activity was assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In addition, univariate and multivariate analysis was used to analyze the association between sarcopenia with nutritional status and physical activity.ResultsThe total prevalence rate of sarcopenia was 10.5%, 47 (11.3%) men and 41 (9.7%) women who were classified as sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly lower among the participants of normal nutrition status. Compared with the participants with sarcopenia, those without sarcopenia had higher levels of prealbumin (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin (P < 0.05) for both sexes. In the multivariate model, after adjustment for all covariates, the Mini Nutritional Assessment score (adjusted OR 0.769, 95% CI 0.689–0.859, P < 0.05) was statistically significantly associated with sarcopenia, but the relationship between physical activity and sarcopenia was not significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in the Chinese community‐dwelling population aged 60 years and older was high. There was a significant association between sarcopenia and nutritional status, but not with physical activity, based on a questionnaire. Further studies should evaluate whether maintaining a good nutritional status might be effective in lowering the risk of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1959–1966.
Tic, Triggering, and Tearing: From CTN to SUNHA
Authors: Benoliel R. , Sharav Y. , Haviv Y. , Almoznino G. 
Published: February 2017

PremiseClassical trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) and the short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA) are clinically similar.ProblemThe SUNHAs include short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA). Shared clinical signs with CTN include severe, unilateral trigeminal pain that is often triggered by innocuous stimuli and accompanied by a dull persistent background pain. Recent reports on trigeminal neuralgia cases with atypical features such as autonomic signs and prolonged attack duration further blur the clinical distinction between CTN and SUNHAs.Potential solutionsAre the similarities greater than their differences? If so, this may reflect a spectrum of disease ranging from typical CTN attacks to typical SUNHAs with a mixed phenotype in the middle. In this review they will summarize the overlap between these entities and contrast the pathophysiology and treatment approach.
Performance of zeolite powder and tubular membrane having different Si/Al ratio for removing As(III) in aqueous phase
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Pal Pameli , Sensharma Sudendu , Das Nandini , Bandyopadhyay Amitava 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThree different types of zeolite having pore sizes in the range 0.26‐0.74 nm, (NaP, NaA, and NaY) powders and membranes are synthesized with different Si:Al ratio on low cost clay alumina tubular support. The results of the permeation and separation studies showed that the NaP zeolite powder and membrane removes maximum As(III) from the water solution (more than 80%) compared to other zeolites. The removal of As(III) to achieve drinking water standard, by zeolite membrane, in a single step process does not seem to have been reported before the present investigation. These are the novelty achieved.
Vulvar infections: beyond sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Cymerman Rachel M. , Kaplan Hoffmann Rachel , Rouhani Schaffer Panta , Pomeranz Miriam Keltz 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe vulva is an under‐studied area of the female genitourinary tract which is prone to maceration, overgrowth of organisms, and atypical presentations of common dermatologic conditions. In current practice, dermatologists must recognize and manage vulvar infections and infestations beyond the more commonly recognized sexually transmitted infections. Herein, this article reviews the literature on a selection of under‐recognized viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic vulvar infections and infestations.
Study of the association between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and pemphigus vulgaris in Brazilian patients
Authors: Gil Julio M. , Weber Raimar , Rosales Claudia B. , Rodrigues Helcio , Sennes Luiz U. , Kalil Jorge , Chagury Azis , Miziara Ivan D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus vulgaris is a mucocutaneous blistering autoimmune disease that manifests as painful blisters or erosions on the skin and/or mucosal surfaces. IgG autoantibodies target desmoglein, playing a major role in disease pathogenesis. Genetic predisposal to pemphigus vulgaris, especially the HLA DR and DQ alleles, has been known since the 1980s. The unique constitution of the Brazilian population favors exploratory genetic studies.MethodsThe study group included 51 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris from a tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo city, Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and HLA A, B, C, DR, and DQ typing was performed. The control group was composed of a database of 297 deceased donors from the city of São Paulo typed with the same method. The statistical significance level was adjusted using the Bonferroni correction depending on the phenotypic frequencies evaluated for HLA A, HLA B, HLA C, HLA DRB1, DQA1, and HLA DQB1.ResultsThe alleles HLA‐B*57, HLA‐C*15, HLA‐DRB1*04:02, HLA‐DRB1*08:04, HLA‐DRB1*14:01, DQA1*03:01, DQB1*03:02, and DQB1*05:03 were associated with susceptibility. Alleles HLA DRB1*04:02 and HLA‐DRB1*14:01 and their respective haplotypes DRB1*04‐DQA1*03:01‐DQB1*03:02, and DRB1*14‐DQA1*01:01‐DQB1*05:03 conferred a risk of the disease.ConclusionsThe DRB1*04:02 and DQB1*05:03 alleles are associated with pemphigus vulgaris in our study as well as in various populations. The association with HLA‐DRB1*08:04 in our study was confirmed to be specific to this allele and not to linkage disequilibrium to any adjacent gene. The association between HLA‐B*57 and pemphigus vulgaris is reported for the first time in the present study.
Combined use of cocoa dietary fibre and steviol glycosides in low‐calorie muffins production
Authors: Karp Sabina , Wyrwisz Jarosław , Kurek Marcin Andrzej , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2017

SummaryToday, consumers are more conscious about nutrition and food products with health benefits. In this study, partial sucrose replacement (20%) with steviol glycosides derived from Stevia Rebaudiana and total replacement of cocoa powder with cocoa fibre preparation in muffins were conducted. There were three levels of dietary fibre addition – 3%, 6% and 12%. Physical analysis of texture, colour, cooking yield and porosity was conducted. Moreover, chemical analysis of total dietary fibre and total phenol content was made as well. Sensory evaluation in two parts was also carried out. The experiment revealed the increase in firmness, porosity, TDF and TCP and the decrease in springiness, cohesiveness and lightness. The best‐ranked sample in sensory evaluation was muffin with 6% of TDF sweetened with mixture of sugar and stevia. Stevia addition enhanced cocoa and sweet taste in tested muffins.
Adoption and Outcomes of ISO 14001: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Guillaumie Laurence , Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Tayo Tene Christian Valery 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyze the adoption and outcomes of the ISO 14001 standard through a systematic review of the main studies on this issue published in peer‐reviewed journals between 1996 and 2015. The 94 papers analyzed make it possible to paint a comprehensive picture of the effectiveness of ISO 14001 in environmental management practices, performance in this area and social aspects such as employee awareness. The systematic review also sheds more light on the main pitfalls and success factors of the standard. Nevertheless, the similarities and even redundancies of the literature in terms of objectives, approaches and methods used tend to produce quite predictable and optimistic results, which do not reflect the complexity of the impact of ISO 14001. The paper highlights the importance of more diverse and critical approaches that might challenge the successful rhetoric of the dominant literature, which tends to focus on positive aspects and be limited to a few countries that are not representative of the wide international distribution of certification. The findings of this systematic review can also help managers in making decisions on the adoption and renewal of certification.
An in vitro investigation of pre‐treatment effects before fissure sealing
Authors: Bagheri Mahshid , Pilecki Peter , Sauro Salvatore , Sherriff Martyn , Watson Timothy F. , Hosey Marie Therese 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundFissure sealants prevent occlusal caries in permanent molars. Enamel preparation methods are used before fissure sealing.AimsTo investigate effects of bioglass air‐abrasion pre‐treatment with and without an adhesive, on fissure enamel of permanent teeth, with respect to etchability, microleakage and microtensile bond strength.DesignHalf of the occlusal surfaces of 50 extracted premolars underwent bioglass air‐abrasion. Dye was applied to the entire occlusal surface. Photographs were taken to score etched surface by dye uptake. Adhesive was applied to 25 of the bioglass‐treated areas and all teeth were fissure sealed, sectioned, and evaluated using confocal microscopy. Buccal and lingual surfaces of a further eight premolars were acid‐etched and randomly received: air‐abrasion, adhesive, both, or none before sealant application for microtensile bond strength measurement in half of the samples immediately and half following 6 months of water immersion.ResultsLinear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression were used (P = 0.05). Bioglass air‐abrasion significantly improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage. The addition of an adhesive made no difference to either microleakage or microtensile bond strength. The combination of bioglass abrasion and adhesive led to more cohesive, rather than adhesive, failure.ConclusionsBioglass air‐abrasion improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage irrespective of the adhesive use but neither pre‐treatment affected the microtensile bond strength.
The effectiveness of negative pressure therapy on infected wounds: preliminary results
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Ruggiero Marco , Parisi Paola , Borab Zachary , Sergi Manuel , Carlesimo Bruno 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTVacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a sophisticated system that maintains a closed, humid, sterile and isolated environment. Wound infection is considered a relative contraindication. The objective of this study is to extend the indications for VAC therapy to include infected wounds by demonstrating its ability to increase the antibiotic concentration in the damaged and infected tissues. Patients who presented with ulcers infected with daptomycin‐sensitive bacteria were eligible to be enrolled in this prospective study. They were given antibiotic therapy with daptomycin with a specific protocol. A biopsy of the lesion was carried out to detect tissue concentration of the drug at time 0. Afterwards, the patients were subjected to VAC therapy. At the end of VAC therapy, a second lesion biopsy was performed and analysed to detect tissue concentration of the drug at time 1. A control group was enrolled in which patients followed the same protocol, but they were treated with traditional dressings. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the two groups. The results highlighted a significant increase in the concentration of antibiotics in the study group tissue; the improvement was sensibly lower in the control group. Statistical differences were not found between the two groups. The preliminary analysis of the data showed an important increase of antibiotic concentration in the tissue after VAC therapy. Despite the encouraging data, it is necessary to broaden the sample of patients and perform the same study with other antibiotics.
Enteroatmospheric fistula management by endoscopic gastrostomy PEG tube
Authors: Miranda Luiz EC , Miranda Ana CG 
Published: February 2017

AbstractManagement of small‐bowel fistulas which are in an open abdomen and have no soft tissue overlay or a fistula tract involves many complications and challenges. Controlling the local leakage of enteric contents has a central role in the success of medical treatment. There are several methods to deal with fistula discharge but unfortunately, the technical solutions only partially address such problems and a definitive management of fistula discharge still remains an insoluble challenge. We describe a simple and cheap method to control fistula leakage by using a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube.
Dakin's solution: is there a place for it in the 21st century?
Authors: Duarte Bruno , Cabete Joana , Formiga Ana , Neves José 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDakin's solution (DS) is a time‐honoured antiseptic that still remains part of the wound care armamentarium. In spite of its cytotoxicity, some question its use in the current era. We report the case of a 52‐year‐old diabetic woman who was admitted for sepsis because of a severely infected diabetic foot. Urgent surgical drainage and debridement left a 9 × 9‐cm deep, complex, infected wound with both bone and tendon involvement. Treatment with local negative pressure was unsuccessful. DS was regularly instilled through a tube left in the wound dressing. A marked improvement was observed with this strategy as the wound bed was much cleaner and fully granulated after 6 weeks. No adverse effects were noted. This case debunks the myth that topical antiseptics necessarily impair wound healing. DS can still be considered an option for difficult‐to‐treat, complex and heavily infected wounds.