bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of clinically and ethically fine-tuning decision-making about cesarean delivery
Authors: Nguyen Michelle T. , McCullough Laurence B. , Chervenak Frank A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn obstetric practice, each pregnant woman presents with a composite of maternal and fetal characteristics that can alter the risk of significant harm without cesarean intervention. The hospital’s availability of resources and the obstetrician’s training, experience, and skill level can also alter the risk of significant harm without cesarean intervention. This paper proposes a clinical ethical framework that takes these clinical and organizational factors into account, to promote a deliberative rather than simplistic approach to decision-making and counseling about cesarean delivery. The result is a clinical ethical framework that should guide the obstetrician in fine-tuning his or her evidence-based, beneficence-based analysis of specific clinical and organizational factors that can affect the strength of the beneficence-based clinical judgment about cesarean delivery. We illustrate the clinical application of this framework for three common obstetric conditions: Category II fetal heart rate tracing, prior non-classical cesarean delivery, and breech presentation.
On homological classification of pomonoids by GP-po-flatness of S-posets
Authors: Liang Xingliang , Feng Xinyang , Luo Yanfeng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce GP-po-flatness property of S-posets over a pomonoid S, which lies strictly between principal weak po-flatness and po-torsion freeness. Furthermore, we investigate the homological classification problems of pomonoids by using this new property. Finally, we consider direct products of GP-po-flat S-posets. As an application, characterizations of pomonoids over which direct products of nonempty families of principally weakly po-flat S-posets are principally weakly po-flat are obtained, and some results of Khosravi, R. in a certain extent are generalized.
The Comparative Analysis of Hydrodynamic Pressures in Cylindrical Tanks
Authors: Butnaru Bogdan Alexandru , Şandru Mirela , Furiş Dumitrel , Creţu Dan Ilie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article presents a comparative study of the values of hydrodynamic pressure and their resultants occurred during the seismic action using P100-1/2013 technical rules and the relations defined in the papers: [1], [3], [5] and the Romanian standard [2] SR EN 1998-4 (silos, tanks and pipelines), which is implemented in Romania. Two cylindrical tanks placed in the same seismic zone have been chosen, with the same amount of storage (about 5000 m3), but of different geometries, to illustrate the influence of hydrodynamic pressures on the construction size (long and short wall behavior) as a function of ratio of the fluid height on the cylinder radius and ratio of corner period on the eigenperiod of the fluid mass. Also in the analyses, in order to evaluate the hydrodynamic convective pressure both the fundamental period of oscillation of the fluid mass and the first ten periods of oscillation were used.
Thematic maps in Eugeniusz Romer’s Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Poland from 1916 – the historical and methodological perspective (on the 100-year anniversary of the publication)
Authors: Osowska Anna , Przybytek Dariusz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Geograficzno-statystyczny atlas Polski (Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Poland), printed in Vienna in 1916, was elaborated due to remind the world about Poland and the Polish issue. At that time Poland had been partitioned for over 120 years and it was very important to provide comprehensive information about historical Polish territory and its inhabitants before the end of the ongoing war. It was a significant decision because the atlas appeared to be crucial to establishing borders of the Second Polish Republic at the Paris Peace Conference. In 2016 the hundredth anniversary of first edition of atlas is a great occasion for a historical and methodical brief outline.
The atlas was the fundamental work of Eugeniusz Romer, a distinguished geographer, cartographer and geo-politician. All of the 65 maps and 5 diagrams were elaborated by himself and his collaborators: W. Semkowicz, J. Nowak, W. Szafer, S. Weigner, J. Rutkowski, K. Nitsch, B. Chodkiewicz. It includes maps showing physiograpy, administrative division, history of the Polish territory, population, nationality, religion, agriculture, industry and transport, developed on the basis of official data sources. It is noteworthy that E. Romer introduced the isarithmic method on a large scale to present both population and socio-economic phenomena.
As an all-embracing work, Atlas played a major role in drawing the boundaries of the reborn Poland in post-war Europe. This also shows that thematic cartography has been an essential instrument in argumentation for the national interest of Poland.
Conceptualizing Leisure Within the Highly Regimented World of Elite Hockey
Authors: MacCosham Bradley 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptualization of leisure that can help us understand what constitutes as leisure and how leisure is attained in a highly regimented context such as elite hockey. Leisure researchers are unable to agree on a definition of leisure that best represents the field, which is perhaps why leisure has lost its significance within contemporary academia. In this paper, a conceptualization is provided that was developed through research on Junior level ice hockey players. Junior level hockey has a highly structured and professionalized regiment but yet, leisure is still attainable for players despite having little control over their involvement. Traditional definitions of leisure do not capture what it means to be in leisure even though theoretically Junior level hockey players are considered to be in serious leisure as amateurs. Thus, this paper can help justify and lets us understand how leisure is attained in Junior level hockey.
Knowledge of women living in Otwock county about breast cancer
Authors: Winiarska Małgorzata , Matosiuk Dariusz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. In 2012 alone, some 17000 women developed breast cancer and the condition accounted for 5574 deaths. Breast tumor poses a huge threat for women aged 46-65 (working age) and other age groups are at an only slightly lower risk. An early diagnosis of breast cancer would increase chances of survival, which means that it is essential to educate women about breast tumors, risk factors, symptoms and diagnosis.
The authors of this work aimed at assessing the knowledge of women residents of Otwock County about breast tumors. The study included a questionnaire including 31 questions, containing queries looking at women’s knowledge of breast tumors and it was distributed to residents of Otwock County between September and October 2014.
An analysis of the questionnaire responses suggests what follows: (i) women of all ages are not knowledgeable enough about cancer; (ii) medical professionals, like general practitioners, gynecologists, pharmacists and even nurses should encourage women to learn more about tumors, (iii) women still do not know how to perform breast self-exams, (iv) women are aware of the fact that routine checkups are essential but they do not have them and also mistake the names of preventive programs for names of institutions and organizations that deal with fighting cancer, (v) women still do not know that mammogram tests are free of charge and in order to have them done, they do not need to have a referral.
Global Character of International Labour Migration: Challenges and Objectives for Higher Education in World Context
Authors: Zhuravska Nina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article deals with analysis of challenges and objectives for higher education in the context of globalization: the forming of international labour market proves the fact that the process of international integration is affecting economy and technology as well as social and labour relations that are becoming more and more global. The peculiarities of structure (gradation, succession, multivectorability, continuity), content (narrow profile, sustainable development, competency-based orientation, specialization, curriculum flexibility, combination of core and optional subjects, possibility to choose courses and modules of different levels), forms (designing and modeling in small groups, workshops, practical intensive and extended learning, role playing, lectures, online sessions, problem-oriented excursions, seminars, internships and extended pedagogical placements) in training of specialists at universities in European countries have been established. According to the project “Implementation and Influence of Curriculum Reforms in Higher Education in Europe” a competency-based approach is given much significance on the institutional level. Urgent objectives for higher education in Ukraine in the context of the return of emigrants to their home country, highly qualified specialists, in particular, is fast effective reforming of education based on practical orientation; appreciation of social phenomena in the context of their cultural values and the dynamics of society; global character of curricula (ethnocentrism, multiculturalism, interdisciplinarity, universality, innovativeness of international comparison and large potential for fulfilling needs in developing skills).
Organizational and Content Peculiarities of English Teachers’ Professional Training in Canada
Authors: Ikonnikova Maryna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article deals with studying organizational and content peculiarities of English teachers’ professional training in Canada. It has been found out that professional training of English teachers, in particular, is provided in many Canadian higher education institutions, namely, universities, university colleges, community colleges and CEGEP colleges. Students are offered the curricula ensuring their high mobility as they may define specificity, a mode and a level of study according to their educational needs and interests. It has been concluded that the content of philological training is a process coordinating the content according to its components, namely, theoretical, empirical and practical knowledge and skills form the block system of interrelated elements. It has been defined that main theoretical and methodical principles for structuring curricula and syllabi for English teachers’ professional training in Canada are multiculturalism; combination, concordance and rational correspondence of theory and practice; pedagogical ideas of equal opportunities, respect for cultures, identity and unity of learning and socialization; consistency and succession; collegiality, partnership, transparency and a dialogue of cultures. It has been specified that programme specifications for English teachers’ training are based on such directions of pedagogical activity as developing students’ interest and respect for cultures of the nations of the world, understanding their general and specific values, comprehending the essence of global events and their consequences, accepting different views on them. As a result, future English teachers obtain the abilities and skills that will ensure their effective activity in multicultural environment as well as learn how to solve the issues associated with adaptation, integration and learning of children from different ethnic groups.
Control Engineering as a Part of Undergraduate Curriculum for Mechanical Engineering in India
Authors: Akhtar Shagil , Iqbal Syed Muneeb , Bajpai Shrish 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this present study we have traced the genesis of control engineering in the scope of mechanical engineering and then some analysis on its recent developments, their increasing need and how this particular subject has evolved machines functioning nowadays specifically its standard of education in India. We have probed this field right from its starting. We have examined how it is required as a proper course for mechanical engineering students and in which order the evolution in this field is expanding and, at the same time, its level of education in India and where we are in confronting the business need in terms of quality and quantity of students. The point is that it holds significance in near future. Over the years control engineering has been expanding its perimeter in various branches such mechanics, electronics, instrumentation, electrics, chemistry, aeronautics, mechatronics, etc. As a result, numerous interactive feedback structure from the output and the ability to alter the input accordingly have given the world a new era of equipment commonly termed as “smart devices” which have changed the lifestyle of common people. Furthermore, its various applications in different industry have also favored its development. So, some views from the industry prospective have been included to find out about the skills that are required for aspiring and practicing control engineers having mechanical engineering background.
Content Peculiarities of Master’s Professional Foreign Language Training in Translation Studies and Interpretation at the Universities of Slovakia
Authors: Shumeiko Natalia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article is devoted to the content analysis of peculiarities of Master’s professional foreign language training in Translation Studies and Interpretation at the universities of Slovakia. In the context of globalization and integration processes the study of European countries’ experience, in particular, of the Slovak Republic has been actualized. The possibility of implementing progressive ideas of Slovak experience in university level foreign language training of specialists in humanities has been pointed out. The structure and content of the Master’s curricula in Translation Studies and Interpretation have been analyzed. The communicative and intercultural approaches have been defined as the principle approaches of training. It has been noted that university level foreign language training of future specialists in humanities contributes to the forming of students’ linguistic and socio-cultural knowledge. It has been indicated that students acquire conceptual knowledge of the problem on the coexistence of different cultures in socio-cultural space. The general positive characteristics of Master’s professional foreign language training have been defined.
Future Physicians’ Professional Communication Skills Training at US Universities: Structure and Content
Authors: Manyuk Lubov 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProfessional training of physicians able to apply their skills in order to reflect the patients’ needs related to care, prevention and treatment of the diseases is one of the most common current trends in higher medical education. Due to the development of patient-centered relationships of physicians the attention of medical educators and scientists to the problem of professional communication and factors stimulating its development has grown drastically. The medical schools and colleges of US universities have already reached significant results in this area. Communicative training is one of the primary educational tasks of higher medical education in this country. Communicative courses are an obligatory component of professional training programs and curricula throughout all years of study. Valuable experience of the USA in this sphere may be useful for the educational development of our country. The paper analyzes the process of communicative training of future physicians at US universities; researches on the structure, content and evolution of professional communication programs and courses during the undergraduate years at medical schools and colleges. The key communicative skills have been defined and described. The main aspects of educational methodology referring to the evaluation of the communicative skills have been determined. The importance of physicians’ professional communication and its influence on the treatment outcomes have been stated. Moreover, the paper discusses the difficulties of the professional communicative training implementation into the undergraduate university curriculum in the USA and describes the ways of solving the problematic aspects of professional communication training of medical students caused by the personal ethical and educational issues.
Using Web-based Technologies and Tools in Future Choreographers’ Training: British Experience
Authors: Bidyuk Dmytro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the paper the problem of using effective web-based technologies and tools in teaching choreography in British higher education institutions has been discussed. Researches on the usage of web-based technologies and tools for practical dance courses in choreographers’ professional training at British higher education institutions by such British scholars as L. Bracey, J. Buckroyd, J. Butterworth, B. Cohen, A. Green Gilbert, R. Lakes, L. Lavender, G. Morris, S. Popat, J. Smith-Autard, E. Warburton, D. Watson and others have been studied. The list of web-based technologies and tools used to improve the educational process, inspire and encourage both teachers and students to develop their critical thinking and reveal their potential has been presented. The most common of them have been characterized. They are: The Dance Designer, Wholodance, The Choreographer’s Notebook, Multimodal Video Annotator and DanceForms. It has been found out that one of the possible ways how to overcome the problems while incorporating web-based technologies and tools into the traditional system of education and teaching choreography, in particular, is the balanced combination of web-technologies and tools with a participative approach to teacher-student interaction. It has been concluded that web-based technologies and tools can be categorized as motivational methods appealing to students’ cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement characterized by such attributes as innovation, easy usage and sharing, content control, motivational appeal, etc.
Guidelines for Professional Training of Junior Medical Staff in the Context of European Experience
Authors: Sosnova Myroslava 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article deals with outlining guidelines for improving professional training of junior medical staff based on European experience. Consequently, guidelines and recommendations on enhancing the efficiency of medical education in general and junior medical specialists’ professional training, in particular, published by European Union of Medical Specialists, General Medical Council, World Federation for Medical Education have been studied, analyzed, justified and presented in the paper. According to European Union of Medical Specialists it has been concluded that general aspects of medical specialists’ training are based on the selection process for the access to the medical specialists’ training, duration of training, common trunk, training program and quality assurance; requirements for training institutions involve recognition, size, quality assurance and teaching infructructure; requirements for instructors encompass qualification, training program, teacher/trainee ratio; requirements for trainees cover experience, language and logbook. In addition, the components that define the quality of junior medical specialists’ professional training based on N. Novosolova’s ideas have been indicated. Finally, based on the positive aspects of the guidelines analyzed the appropriate ones that, in our opinion, may be of use in Ukraine, have been presented.
Forming Physical Education Teachers’ Pedagogical Mastery in the Context of Native and Foreign Scholars’ Views
Authors: Maksymchuk Iryna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article deals with studying the process of forming physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery in the context of native and foreign scholars’ views. It has been indicated that the problem of pedagogical activity and pedagogical mastery efficiency has been raised in the works of a number of scholars who developed the principles and criteria of such activity. Thus, such native pedagogues as D. Dmytrenko, S. Krysyuk, I. Maslikova V. Putsov, A. Volovychenko studied the organization and evaluation of pedagogical and methodical work of teachers as well as the measuring of teaching management effectiveness. We have concluded that the forming of future physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery should include the analysis of the education content (syllabi; general, psychological and pedagogical, special subjects; their comparison and volume, etc.) and the study of future physical education teachers’ personality. It is based on the use of general approaches, namely, historical, theoretical and descriptive, experimental, qualimetric (sociological) and is carried out within the diagnosis of a more general concept – a level of professional training (professional competence, the ability to obtain and generate new knowledge, to creatively solve pedagogical problems).
The System of Environmental Education in the USA
Authors: Fasolya Oleg 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article deals with studying the peculiarities of environmental education system in the USA. It has been defined that US environmental policy includes governmental actions at the federal, state and local level. It has been identified that US environmental education is characterized by an extraordinary variety of forms, directions and methodological approaches, deep penetration of the ideas of environmental ethics in the content of all the disciplines, extensive involvement of communities and, in particular, public non-governmental organizations in the process of forming US citizens’ careful and responsible attitude to the environment. It has been stated that the system of US Environmental Education aims to provide a solution to such problems: to ensure citizens’ close contact with the environment; to contribute to the forming of environmentally friendly styles of behaviour and activities; to form a set of knowledge about the environment as a system of interconnected natural, economic and social factors; to involve students in solving local environmental problems. It has been found out that since 1970 Environmental Protection Agency has been operating in the USA. It has been mentioned that Environmental Protection Agency implements an environmental law by writing regulations and set national environmental standards. It has been indicated that Environmental Protection Agency has created the Office of Environmental Education so that national leadership may be provided and environmental literacy may be increased. It has been denoted that main goals of the the Office of Environmental Education include design and implementation of curricula and training programs for environmental education for both pupils and adults; organization of seminars, conferences and discussions on ugent environmental issues; cooperation with state education departments and other agencies. Consequently, recommendations that may be used by native educators to improve the national system of environmetal education have been presented.