bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size phenology in a regional bee fauna: a temporal extension of Bergmann's rule
Authors: Osorio‐Canadas Sergio , Arnan Xavier , Rodrigo Anselm , Torné‐Noguera Anna , Molowny Roberto , Bosch Jordi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBergmann's rule originally described a positive relationship between body size and latitude in warm‐blooded animals. Larger animals, with a smaller surface/volume ratio, are better enabled to conserve heat in cooler climates (thermoregulatory hypothesis). Studies on endothermic vertebrates have provided support for Bergmann's rule, whereas studies on ectotherms have yielded conflicting results. If the thermoregulatory hypothesis is correct, negative relationships between body size and temperature should occur in temporal in addition to geographical gradients. To explore this possibility, we analysed seasonal activity patterns in a bee fauna comprising 245 species. In agreement with our hypothesis of a different relationship for large (endothermic) and small (ectothermic) species, we found that species larger than 27.81 mg (dry weight) followed Bergmann's rule, whereas species below this threshold did not. Our results represent a temporal extension of Bergmann's rule and indicate that body size and thermal physiology play an important role in structuring community phenology.
Habitats across the life cycle of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in aquatic ecosystem of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Sharifuzzaman S. M. , Chowdhury S. R. , Sarker S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAquatic habitat connectivity is vital for the continued existence of migratory fish. Using GIS and outranking multicriteria analysis based on hydrometeorological data, this study describes habitat preference of egg, fry, juvenile and adult phases of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton), as well as their spawning areas in the aquatic ecosystems of Bangladesh. The total area studied was 29 484 km2, about 29% of which belonged to the Meghna, Shahbajpur, Tetulia and Ander Manik rivers, and the channels of Sandwip, Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands, which provide the most suitable habitat for the species. An additional 27% of moderately suitable area was located in other deltaic rivers and inshore waters. The remaining 44% was offshore deeper water, which was least suitable for hilsa. The most suitable area for spawning, eggs, fry, adults and juveniles was 6, 11, 29, 38 and 56% of the area, respectively. The model outputs were validated against field measurements and fishers’ indigenous knowledge with an accuracy level of 92%. Thus, this study provides key information about the location of hilsa at different stages of its life cycle, information useful in understanding its occurrence over a relatively large geographical area. Information of this kind is useful in fishery conservation and management.
Phytoplankton dynamics in the Congo River
Authors: Descy Jean‐Pierre , Darchambeau François , Lambert Thibault , Stoyneva‐Gaertner Maya P. , Bouillon Steven , Borges Alberto V. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

We report a dataset of phytoplankton in the Congo River, acquired along a 1700‐km stretch in the mainstem during high water (HW, December 2013) and falling water (FW, June 2014). Samples for phytoplankton analysis were collected in the main river, in tributaries and one lake, and various relevant environmental variables were measured. Phytoplankton biomass and composition were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and marker pigments and by microscopy. Primary production measurements were made using the 13C incubation technique. In addition, data are also reported from a 19‐month regular sampling (bi‐monthly) at a fixed station in the mainstem of the upper Congo (at the city of Kisangani).

Chl a concentrations differed between the two periods studied: in the mainstem, they varied between 0.07 and 1.77 μg L−1 in HW conditions and between 1.13 and 7.68 μg L−1 in FW conditions. The relative contribution to phytoplankton biomass from tributaries (mostly black waters) and from a few permanent lakes was low, and the main confluences resulted in phytoplankton dilution. Based on marker pigment concentration, green algae (both chlorophytes and streptophytes) dominated in the mainstem in HW, whereas diatoms dominated in FW; cryptophytes and cyanobacteria were more abundant but still relatively low in the FW period, both in the tributaries and in the main channel.

Daily integrated production measured in the mainstem (n = 15) varied between 64.3 and 434.1 mg C m−2 day−1 in FW conditions and between 51.5 and 247.6 mg C m−2 day−1 in HW. Phytoplankton biomass in the Congo River mainstem was likely constrained by hydrological factors (accumulation due to increased retention time during FW, dilution by increased discharge during HW), even though increased nutrient availability in the FW period might have also stimulated phytoplankton production.

In contrast to other tropical river systems where connectivity with the floodplain and the presence of natural lakes and man‐made reservoirs play a prominent role in the recruitment of phytoplankton to the main river, our results show that phytoplankton growth in the Congo River can take place in the main channel, with hydrological processes allowing maintenance of phytoplankton biomass even during HW.
Marine species in ambient low‐oxygen regions subject to double jeopardy impacts of climate change
Authors: Stortini Christine H. , Chabot Denis , Shackell Nancy L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have learned much about the impacts of warming on the productivity and distribution of marine organisms, but less about the impact of warming combined with other environmental stressors, including oxygen depletion. Also, the combined impact of multiple environmental stressors requires evaluation at the scales most relevant to resource managers. We use the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, characterized by a large permanently hypoxic zone, as a case study. Species distribution models were used to predict the impact of multiple scenarios of warming and oxygen depletion on the local density of three commercially and ecologically important species. Substantial changes are projected within 20–40 years. A eurythermal depleted species already limited to shallow, oxygen‐rich refuge habitat (Atlantic cod) may be relatively uninfluenced by oxygen depletion but increase in density within refuge areas with warming. A more stenothermal, deep‐dwelling species (Greenland halibut) is projected to lose ~55% of its high‐density areas under the combined impacts of warming and oxygen depletion. Another deep‐dwelling, more eurythermal species (Northern shrimp) would lose ~4% of its high‐density areas due to oxygen depletion alone, but these impacts may be buffered by warming, which may increase density by 8% in less hypoxic areas, but decrease density by ~20% in the warmest parts of the region. Due to local climate variability and extreme events, and that our models cannot project changes in species sensitivity to hypoxia with warming, our results should be considered conservative. We present an approach to effectively evaluate the individual and cumulative impacts of multiple environmental stressors on a species‐by‐species basis at the scales most relevant to managers. Our study may provide a basis for work in other low‐oxygen regions and should contribute to a growing literature base in climate science, which will continue to be of support for resource managers as climate change accelerates.
The pathological features of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia‐associated pulmonary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kojima Yoko , Okudela Koji , Matsumura Mai , Omori Takahiro , Baba Tomohisa , Sekine Akimasa , Woo Tetsukan , Umeda Shigeaki , Takemura Tamiko , Mitsui Hideaki , Suzuki Takehisa , Tateishi Yoko , Iwasawa Tae , Arai Hiromasa , Tajiri Michihiko , Ogura Takashi , Kameda Yoichi , Masuda Munetaka , Ohashi Kenich 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo investigate the pathological features of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP)‐associated pulmonary adenocarcinoma.Methods and resultsSurgically resected adenocarcinomas associated with IIP (the IIP group) and adenocarcinomas without IIP (the non‐IIP group) were subjected to analysis. Adenocarcinomas in the IIP group were subdivided into two groups: one group included tumours connected to bronchiolar metaplasia in honeycomb lesions (the H‐IIP group), and the other included tumours unrelated to honeycomb lesions (the NH‐IIP group). Histomorphological appearance and immunohistochemical expression were compared among the H‐IIP group, the NH‐IIP group, and the non‐IIP group. Most of the tumour cells in the H‐IIP group had a tall, columnar shape that showed similar features to proximal bronchial epithelium, whereas tumour cells in the NH‐IIP group and the non‐IIP group had a club‐like shape that showed similar features to respiratory bronchiolar/alveolar epithelium. Adenocarcinomas in the H‐IIP group tended to be negative for thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) and positive for hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF‐4α). The frequency of EGFR mutations was significantly lower in adenocarcinomas in the H‐IIP group, although the frequencies of KRAS and ALK mutations did not differ among the three groups.ConclusionsIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia‐associated pulmonary adenocarcinomas, especially those arising from honeycomb lesions, have distinct pathological features.
Antioxidant activity of predigested protein obtained from a range of farmed edible insects
Authors: Zielińska Ewelina , Karaś Monika , Jakubczyk Anna 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the antioxidant activities of peptides obtained by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of edible insects. The antioxidant potential of edible insects' hydrolysates was determined as the free radical‐scavenging activity, ion chelating activity and reducing power. The highest antiradical activity against DPPH˙, whose IC50 value is the lowest, was noted for Amphiacusta annulipes (19.1 μg/mL) and that against ABTS˙+ was the highest for Zophobas morio (4.6 μg/mL). The peptides obtained from A. annulipes also showed the highest Fe2+ chelation ability (58.82%) and reducing power (0.652). The highest ability to chelate Cu2+ was noted for Locusta migratoria (86.05%). The locust was characterised by the highest concentration of peptides before digestion and after digestion (3.13 and 5.88 mg/mL, respectively), and the DH was 36.29%.
Tumor size and Fuhrman grade further enhance the prognostic impact of perinephric fat invasion and renal vein extension in T3a staging of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kenneth , Lee Bing Long , Huang Hong Hong , Tan Benjamin Yongcheng , Lee Lui Shiong , Ng Lay Guat , Lau Weber , Yuen John Shyi Peng 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic values of perinephric fat invasion and renal vein invasion in pT3a renal cell carcinoma, as stand‐alone factors and in combination with tumor size and Fuhrman grade.MethodsSurvival data of pT1 and pT2 renal cell carcinomas were analyzed alongside pT3a tumors of similar size bands (pT1 vs pT3a <7 cm, pT2 vs pT3a >7 cm). Patients with adjuvant therapy, positive surgical margins, metastasis or pT3b–pT4 tumors were excluded.ResultsNo significant baseline demographic differences existed between the groups. Patients with renal vein invasion had larger tumors (median, 7.2 ± 3.0 cm vs 5.5 ± 3.6 cm, P = 0.039), and were more symptomatic (90.0% vs 61.7%, P = 0.028) compared with patients with perinephric fat invasion alone. Patients with perinephric fat invasion alone appeared to have better disease‐free survival compared with those with renal vein invasion (P = 0.009). Having both perinephric fat invasion and renal vein invasion did not result in a poorer disease‐free survival. pT3a (perinephric fat invasion) tumors <4 cm and 4–7 cm have significantly worse disease‐free survival compared with pT1a and pT1b tumors (P < 0.001). Similarly, pT3a (perinephric fat invasion) tumors measuring ≥7 show a trend of poorer disease‐free survival compared with pT2a and pT2b tumors (P = 0.267). Disease‐free survival correlated with Fuhrman grading for patients with perinephric fat invasion (P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, the survival curve of pT3a perinephric fat invasion group closely approximates that of pT2 group, whereas survival of the renal vein invasion group was significantly worse than the pT2 and perinephric fat invasion groups (P = 0.001).ConclusionpT3a tumors with perinephric fat invasion appear to have better prognosis than those with renal vein invasion. Further stratification of pT3a renal cell carcinomas with regard to tumor size and Fuhrman grade further enhances the prognostic value in this group.
Effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kaya Vildan , Aytekin Aynur 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the effects of pacifier use on transition to full breastfeeding and sucking skills in preterm infants.BackgroundFeeding problems in preterm infants cause delays in hospital discharge, extend mother–infant reunification and increase medical cost. Nutritive sucking skills of preterm infants may develop by improving non‐nutritive sucking skills and increasing sucking experiences.DesignA prospective, randomised controlled trial conducted in the Eastern Turkey.MethodsSeventy infants were randomised into two groups: a pacifier group (n = 34) and a control group (n = 36). Pacifier use was applied in the preterm infants in the pacifier group, up to switching to full breastfeeding. The infants in the control group did not use pacifiers. Data were collected by a researcher using the Preterm Infant Introductory Information Form, the Preterm Infant Monitoring Form and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool. For the study, ethics committee approval, official permission and written informed consents of the families were obtained.ResultsThe time to transition to full breastfeeding (123·06 ± 66·56 hours) and the time to discharge (434·50 ± 133·29 hours) in the pacifier group were significantly shorter compared to the control group (167·78 ± 91·77 and 593·63 ± 385·32 hours, respectively) (p < 0·05). The weight at transition to full breastfeeding (1944·12 ± 275·67 g) and the weight of discharge (1956·45 ± 268·04 g) in the pacifier group were significantly lower compared to the control group (2155·58 ± 345·57 and 2159·75 ± 341·22 g, respectively) (p < 0·05). Sucking skills of the infants in the pacifier group at 48 hours after transition to oral feeding and before the discharge was better than in the control group (p < 0·05).ConclusionPacifier use improved the sucking skills and shortened the time to transition to full breastfeeding and to discharge in preterm infants receiving complementary feeding.Relevance to clinical practicePacifier use may be recommended to accelerate transition to full breastfeeding and to improve the sucking skills in preterm infants who were fed by both oral route and complementary feeding in the neonatal intensive care units.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Phytophthora tropicalis as Causal Agent of Crown and Root Rot on Albizia julibrissin
Authors: Luongo Laura , Vitale Salvatore , Galli Massimo , Haegi Anita , Wagner Stefan , Werres Sabine , Belisario Alessandra 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIsolates of a Phytophthora sp. were obtained from soil and root baiting of declining Albizia julibrissin plants grown in soil in an Italian nursery. Identification was performed on the basis of morphological, pathological and molecular features. As main characteristics, isolates did not grow at 35°C, were poorly pathogenic when inoculated on bell pepper plants, and had the average sporangium pedicel length longer than 100, being similar to Phytophthora tropicalis. A comparative study of internal transcribed spacer, beta‐tubulin, translation elongation factor‐1 alpha and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (CoxII) sequences supported the identification of the isolates as P. tropicalis. Comparison included all the European isolate sequences available in GenBank. Pathogenicity tests reproduced symptoms of root and crown browning and rotting and wilting as originally observed on nursery plants. Considering all the results, we identified P. tropicalis as the causal agent of A. julibrissin decline, crown and root rot. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this host–pathogen combination in Italy or elsewhere. P. tropicalis has to be considered a serious threat to agricultural and natural environment because it is highly polyphagous and easy to spread due to its caducous sporangia.
Comparison of type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in different phases of hepatitis B virus infection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Yi , Zhang Sheng , Wang Xulin , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Jian , Qin Gang , Li Wenchao , Ding Kun , Zhang Lei , Liang Feng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundBecause whether hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a controversial topic, pair‐wise and network meta‐analyses of published literature were carried out to accurately evaluate the association between different phases of hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA comprehensive literature retrieval was conducted from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database to identify epidemiological studies on the association between hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that were published from 1999 to 2015. A pair‐wise meta‐analysis of direct evidence was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A network meta‐analysis was conducted, including the construction of a network plot, inconsistency plot, predictive interval plot, comparison‐adjusted funnel plot and rank diagram, to graphically link the direct and indirect comparisons between different hepatitis B virus infective phases.ResultsEighteen publications (n=113 639) describing 32 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. In the pair‐wise meta‐analysis, the pooled odds ratio for type 2 diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis patients was 1.76 (95% confidence interval: 1.44‐2.14) when compared with non‐cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients. In the network meta‐analysis, six comparisons of four hepatitis B virus infectious states indicated the following descending order for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: hepatitis B cirrhosis patients, non‐cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients, hepatitis B virus carriers and non‐hepatitis B virus controls.ConclusionThis study suggests that hepatitis B virus infection is not an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the development of cirrhosis may increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus cirrhosis.
Phylogeography of the heavily poached African common pangolin (Pholidota, Manis tricuspis) reveals six cryptic lineages as traceable signatures of Pleistocene diversification
Authors: Gaubert Philippe , Njiokou Flobert , Ngua Gabriel , Afiademanyo Komlan , Dufour Sylvain , Malekani Jean , Bi Sery Gonedelé , Tougard Christelle , Olayemi Ayodeji , Danquah Emmanuel , Djagoun Chabi A. M. S. , Kaleme Prince , Mololo Casimir Nebesse , Stanley William , Luo Shu‐Jin , Antunes Agostinho 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKnowledge on faunal diversification in African rainforests remains scarce. We used phylogeography to assess (i) the role of Pleistocene climatic oscillations in the diversification of the African common pangolin (Manis tricuspis) and (ii) the utility of our multilocus approach for taxonomic delineation and trade tracing of this heavily poached species. We sequenced 101 individuals for two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), two nuclear DNA and one Y‐borne gene fragments (totalizing 2602 bp). We used a time‐calibrated, Bayesian inference phylogenetic framework and conducted character‐based, genetic and phylogenetic delineation of species hypotheses within African common pangolins. We identified six geographic lineages partitioned into western Africa, Ghana, the Dahomey Gap, western central Africa, Gabon and central Africa, all diverging during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. MtDNA (cytochrome b + control region) was the sole locus to provide diagnostic characters for each of the six lineages. Tree‐based Bayesian delimitation methods using single‐ and multilocus approaches gave high support for ‘species’ level recognition of the six African common pangolin lineages. Although the diversification of African common pangolins occurred during Pleistocene cyclical glaciations, causative correlation with traditional rainforest refugia and riverine barriers in Africa was not straightforward. We conclude on the existence of six cryptic lineages within African common pangolins, which might be of major relevance for future conservation strategies. The high discriminative power of the mtDNA markers used in this study should allow an efficient molecular tracing of the regional origin of African common pangolin seizures.
Signatures of local adaptation in candidate genes of oaks (Quercus spp.) with respect to present and future climatic conditions
Authors: Rellstab Christian , Zoller Stefan , Walthert Lorenz , Lesur Isabelle , Pluess Andrea R. , Graf René , Bodénès Catherine , Sperisen Christoph , Kremer Antoine , Gugerli Felix 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTesting how populations are locally adapted and predicting their response to their future environment is of key importance in view of climate change. Landscape genomics is a powerful approach to investigate genes and environmental factors involved in local adaptation. In a pooled amplicon sequencing approach of 94 genes in 71 populations, we tested whether >3500 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the three most common oak species in Switzerland (Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur) show an association with abiotic factors related to local topography, historical climate and soil characteristics. In the analysis including all species, the most frequently associated environmental factors were those best describing the habitats of the species. In the species‐specific analyses, the most important environmental factors and associated SNPs greatly differed among species. However, we identified one SNP and seven genes that were associated with the same environmental factor across all species. We finally used regressions of allele frequencies of the most strongly associated SNPs along environmental gradients to predict the risk of nonadaptedness (RONA), which represents the average change in allele frequency at climate‐associated loci theoretically required to match future climatic conditions. RONA is considerable for some populations and species (up to 48% in single populations) and strongly differs among species. Given the long generation time of oaks, some of the required allele frequency changes might not be realistic to achieve based on standing genetic variation. Hence, future adaptedness requires gene flow or planting of individuals carrying beneficial alleles from habitats currently matching future climatic conditions.