bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fluid Rheology and Density Ratio in Droplet Collision: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Kant Krishna , Rajesh Reddy S. , Banerjee R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research delves into the intricate interplay of fluid rheology, characterized by the power-law model, and density ratio ρr=ρl/ρg in the context of droplet collision dynamics. The power-law index (n) is systematically varied within the range of 0.5–1.5, while the density ratio spans 2 orders of magnitude, ranging from 101 to 103. Comprehensive investigations are conducted across various impact parameters (B = 0–0.75) and Weber numbers (We = 40–160). A noteworthy finding is the cessation of droplet coalescence at elevated Weber numbers (We = 160), revealing a critical threshold beyond which coalescence is no longer sustained. The impact of fluid rheology on internal fluid flow dynamics within the complex droplet structure is substantial. The variation in viscous dissipation with (n) contributes to observable changes in the critical wavelength of the complex droplet rim structure, consequently influencing the size of child droplets. Furthermore, the density ratio is a pivotal factor influencing the deformation rate during collision events. A decrease in density ratio correlates with a reduction in the deformation ratio, shedding light on the significant role of density ratio in shaping the dynamics of droplet collisions.
Effects of Absorption on the Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide-6 Composites Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Zhang Z. , Chang L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present work studied the water absorption behavior of polymeric composite materials fabricated using 3D printing technology, as well as its effect on their tribological properties. Polyamide-6 was selected as the base matrix material. Short and continuous carbon fibers are used as the reinforced material. The results showed that the moisture absorption would impair the mechanical properties of polymer matrix and interface bonding between the fiber and the matrix. As a result, the tensile strength of the fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) decreases with water absorption. Nevertheless, the effects of moisture absorption on the wear properties of FRPCs are more complicated, which are depending on the fiber length and sliding conditions. With the short fiber reinforcements, moisture absorption deteriorated the wear resistance under all the testing conditions. With the increase of moisture level, more severe fiber damage/removal was observed, associated with the higher wear loss. With a relative high volume fracture of continuous carbon fiber (∼35 vol%), however, the wear resistance of the FRPC increased with moisture level, especially under a relatively low load. Based on microscopic observations, it was proposed that water inside FRPC specimens is able to provide the lubricating and cleaning effects, which contribute to a lower friction and smooth worn surfaces. The work provides new insights into designing and selecting printed polymer materials, subjected to different loading conditions.
Leakage Control Mechanisms and Strategies for Hydraulically Driven Controllable Rod Seals
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Li Xiaoxuan , Li Yuntang , Peng Xudong , Chen Yuan , Li Xiaolu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary function of rod seals in hydraulic systems is to prevent the leakage of the hydraulic medium, which would otherwise result in environmental pollution and the loss of energy. However, the leakage control performance of conventional rod seals is limited by the level of product design. As a result, the performance of these seals will gradually degrade during the service process. Furthermore, it is not possible to adaptively adjust the performance of these seals in response to changes in operating conditions. Hydraulically controllable rod seals (HCRS) can be driven hydraulically to adjust the internal stress distribution of the seal to regulate the sealing performance. This may be an effective solution, although the leakage control mechanism and strategy remain unclear. This paper employs a thermoelastohydrodynamic mixed lubrication model to comparatively analyze the behaviors and performances of the HCRS with or without a cavity structure. The leakage control mechanism of the HCRS is revealed, namely that it is achieved by increasing the interface contact pressure and reducing the fluid film thickness through external pressurization. Furthermore, the functional relationship between the sealing performance and the regulating variables under different operating conditions is obtained through multivariate regression analysis, thereby forming the quantitative leakage control strategy of the HCRS.
Methods for Remaining Useful Life Prognosis of Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures
Authors: Zhang Yang , Radzieński Maciej , Ostachowicz Wiesław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach for assessing damage and predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) structures. It combines fracture mechanics (FM) and deep learning (DL) techniques grounded to emulate the fatigue and damage behaviors of the adhesively bonded composite material. Furthermore, the paper presents a crack growth simulation methodology that merges the extended finite element method (XFEM) and fracture mechanics to theoretically predict damage extent. It redefines the relationship between bonded area degradation and fatigue cycles by considering crack propagation direction. Lastly, the paper leverages a database of hybrid model samples to integrate Dropout and Monte Carlo methods, replacing traditional Bayesian dynamic network quantification of uncertainty. This enhancement allows the DL network to generate the RUL along with an associated confidence interval for uncertainty. The results underscore the advantages of this hybrid model in accurately predicting RUL and identifying damage in FRP structures.
Assessing Impact-Related Damage in Urban Air Mobility with Acoustic Emission Sensing
Authors: Ai Li , Mesaric Tanner , Flowers Sydney , Widawsky Joshua , Houck Sydney , Banerjee Sourav , Ziehl Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The integrity and reliability of composite components for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is critical to operational safety and performance. A significant challenge to maintaining this integrity comes from airborne particulate impacts, which can lead to unforeseen damage and degradation. Timely and accurate monitoring and assessment of such impact damage is a critical requirement for safe operations. This paper introduces a novel in-flight impact assessment methodology employing acoustic emission sensing technology. The focus of the approach is to evaluate the extent of impact damage on a given UAM component by scrutinizing the acoustic emission signals generated under in-flight stress conditions. A sophisticated algorithm, based on the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model, is proposed to estimate the probability that the damage sustained by a component belongs to different damage classes. A series of composite material panels were fabricated and exposed to impacts at various energy levels. Subsequently, C-scan imaging was conducted on the intermediate regions, followed by a series of Compression After Impact (CAI) tests. The entire CAI testing process was monitored using acoustic emission sensors. The acoustic emission signals collected from the CAI testing provided preliminary validation for the approach proposed in this paper, demonstrating its potential feasibility in assessing impact damage.
Eddy Current Probe Design for Graphite Pebble Inspection in Advanced Reactors
Authors: Elmer Thomas , Koehl Eugene , Gariazzo Claudio , Bakhtiari Sasan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the exploration of eddy current (EC) inspection in its application to graphite pebbles. These pebbles are being used at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) as simulated fuel elements in high temperature reactor (HTR) design concepts. Eddy current inspection is a fast and economical non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique that can detect flaws, impregnations, or manufactured discontinuities in the outer layer of graphite pebbles. Rapid testing for sorting pebbles is crucial when dealing with quantities of pebbles in the hundreds of thousands. In the existing paradigm, pebble batches can be sorted using their radioactivity levels, however, conventional radioactivity level sensors typically require lower operating temperatures, and therefore time for the pebbles to cool. With the current developments in high temperature EC probes, this NDE method could considerably reduce the downtime required for the sorting of marked pebbles under harsh environments. This paper describes the numerical electromagnetic modeling results and measurements on a sample pebble, which are used to optimize the EC probe design and frequency selection. We also present experimental data collected on a sample pebble with a thin film surface array probe, demonstrating the capability to detect flaws in the outer graphite layer of the pebble. We conclude that EC inspection is a promising technique for rapid and reliable testing of graphite pebbles for HTR applications.
3D Tomography of Hydrogen and Helium Plasma Produced in the Proto-Sphera Experiment
Authors: Pau Annamaria , Naghinajad Shayesteh , Alladio Franco , Micozzi Paolo , Boncagni Luca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose an approach to image reconstruction based on a formulation of the Fourier slice theorem in 3D, which relates a set of projections onto planes -or 3D Radon transform- to a 3D Fourier transform. After a suitable transformation of coordinates, by calculating the 3D inverse Fourier transform of projections, the 3D image of the scanned object is reconstructed. The formulation is applied to the reconstruction of the distribution of light emission density of magnetically confined plasma, employing data provided by ENEA (Italian National Agency for Technology, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development). Data include light emission by Hydrogen and Helium plasma, recorded within the framework of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment, where plasma is produced within a transparent vessel and monitored by six cameras. This experiment displayed the appearance and sustainment of a plasma torus around an internal plasma centerpost by self-organisation; an entirely unexplored phenomenon to date. The 3D image reconstruction enabled observation of the formation of the plasma torus at different time instants and of the emission spectrum of its cross-sections.
Lamb Wave Anomaly Detection by Ensembling Spatial and Wavenumber Domains
Authors: Eum Woohyun , Simon G. Austin , Tran Charlie , Harley Joel B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Guided wave field anomaly detection has proven to be a feasible tool for nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring. These anomaly detection methods are often based on the fact that waves in damaged regions and undamaged regions propagate differently. Yet, most anomaly detection approaches are performed over a single domain, resulting in poor damage discrimination under certain conditions. By analyzing wave propagation in multiple domains, we should be able to achieve more robust detection. We present two methods for analyzing wave propagation in the spatial domain and wavenumber domain to detect and locate damaged regions. To validate our approach, we generate simulated guided wave fields and varied wave speed in two square-shaped regions, representing damage. In the spatial domain, we utilize pixel intensity change to detect anomalies. In the wavenumber domain, we cluster wave modes in polar coordinates using insights from solutions to the Helmholtz equation. By ensembling results from our detection methods in both domains, we can achieve more robust damage detection. We employ the intersection over union (IOU) score to quantitatively assess this approach. Our approach achieves an IoU score of 47% when utilizing only the spatial domain, with improvements to 78.5% upon model ensembling.
Smart Edge Computing Framework for In-Line Signal Detection and Classification
Authors: Gullapalli Anirudh , Aburakhis Taha , Featherston Carol , Pullin Rhys , Kundu Abhishek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Composite structures’ complex, anisotropic nature poses challenges for damage monitoring. Non-intrusive inspection methods are crucial for continuous monitoring, aiding the shift to predictive maintenance. Onboard monitoring systems must efficiently acquire and analyze signals, correlating them with damage metrics for automated assessment of structural integrity and optimal maintenance planning. Real-time monitoring faces hurdles in handling large data volumes due to computing constraints. This paper proposes a cyber-physical architecture for acquiring and classifying ultrasonic guided wave signals. It employs a sparse transducer array and an edge device for signal processing. Experiments involved exciting a 12-layer carbon fiber composite panel with tone-burst sinusoidal signals.The responses to these excitations were captured and subjected to soft-threshold-based wavelet denoising to extract the structural acoustic response in the ultrasonic frequency band. Subsequently, the conditioned signals were transformed into time-frequency scalograms, which were then employed to train a multi-class classification algorithm operating on the edge device for effective real-time signal classification in an in-service setting.
Clinical pilot of bacterial transcriptional profiling as a combined genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test
Authors: Young E. L. , Roach D. J. , Martinsen M. A. , McGrath G. E. G. , Holbrook N. R. , Cho H. E. , Seyoum E. Y. , Pierce V. M. , Bhattacharyya R. P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health threat, but standard methods for determining antibiotic susceptibility are slow and can delay optimal treatment, which is especially consequential in severe infections such as bacteremia. Novel approaches for rapid susceptibility profiling have emerged that characterize either bacterial response to antibiotics (phenotype) or detect specific resistance genes (genotype).
G
en
o
typic and
Ph
enotypic
AST
through
R
NA detection (GoPhAST-R) is a novel assay, performed directly on positive blood cultures, that integrates rapid transcriptional response profiling with the detection of key resistance gene transcripts, thereby providing simultaneous data on both phenotype and genotype. Here, we performed the first clinical pilot of GoPhAST-R on 42 positive blood cultures: 26 growing
Escherichia coli
, 15 growing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, and 1 with both. An aliquot of each positive blood culture was exposed to nine different antibiotics, lysed, and underwent rapid transcriptional profiling on the NanoString platform; results were analyzed using an in-house susceptibility classification algorithm. GoPhAST-R achieved 95% overall agreement with standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, with the highest agreement for beta-lactams (98%) and the lowest for fluoroquinolones (88%). Epidemic resistance genes including the extended spectrum beta-lactamase
bla
CTX-M-15
and the carbapenemase
bla
KPC
were also detected within the population. This study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of using transcriptional response profiling for rapid resistance determination, although further validation with larger and more diverse bacterial populations will be essential in future work. GoPhAST-R represents a promising new approach for rapid and comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility testing in clinical settings.

IMPORTANCE

Exposure to antibiotics causes differential transcriptional signatures in susceptible vs resistant bacteria. These differences can be leveraged to rapidly predict resistance profiles of
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in clinically positive blood cultures.
Urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: El Husseini Nour , Carter Jared A. , Lee Vincent T. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in otherwise healthy individuals. UTI is also common in healthcare settings where patients often require urinary catheters to alleviate urinary retention. The placement of a urinary catheter often leads to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) caused by a broad range of opportunistic pathogens, commonly referred to as ESKAPE (
Enterococcus
,
Staphylococcus
,
Klebsiella
,
Acinetobacter
,
Pseudomonas
, and
Enterobacter
) pathogens. Our understanding of CAUTI is complicated by the differences in pathogens, in initial microbial load, changes that occur due to the duration of catheterization, and the relationship between infection (colonization) and disease symptoms. To advance our understanding of CAUTI, we reviewed UTI and CAUTI caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
which is unique in that it is not commonly found associated with human microbiomes. For this reason, the ability of
P. aeruginosa
to cause UTI and CAUTI requires the introduction of the bacteria to the bladder from catheterization. Once in the host, the virulence factors used by
P. aeruginosa
in these infections remain an area of ongoing research. In this review, we will discuss studies that focus on
P. aeruginosa
UTI and CAUTI to better understand the infection dynamics and outcome in clinical settings, virulence factors associated with
P. aeruginosa
isolated from the urinary tract, and animal studies to test which bacterial factors are required for this infection. Understanding how
P. aeruginosa
can cause UTI and CAUTI can provide an understanding of how these infections initiate and progress and may provide possible strategies to limit these infections.
Complete genome sequence of Wildflower, an O cluster mycobacteriophage
Authors: Sungu Nday Lucie , Machowski Edith Erika , Ealand Christopher Shawn , Kana Bavesh Davandra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Wildflower is a cluster O mycobacteriophage with a siphoviral morphotype that displays lytic activity in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
. It was isolated from soil in Johannesburg, South Africa. The double-stranded genome consists of 69,364 base pairs with a GC content of 65.5% encoding 121 predicted open reading frames.
Complete genome sequence of
Algimonas porphyrae
type strain LMG 26424, a prosthecate bacterium isolated from the red alga
Porphyra yezoensis
Authors: LaSarre Breah , Kierstead Eva M. , Corby Emma M. , Randich Amelia M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Algimonas porphyrae
is a dimorphic, prosthecate member of the family
Robigintomaculaceae
, order Caulobacterales, in the class Alphaproteobacteria, originally isolated from the red alga
Porphyra yezoensis
. Here we report the complete genome of type strain LMG 26424
T
(0 C-2-2
T
) obtained by sequencing with Oxford Nanopore technology.
The choice of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis impacted characterization of highly variable surface microbiota in dairy processing environments
Authors: Daly Sarah E. , Feng Jingzhang , Daeschel Devin , Kovac Jasna , Snyder Abigail B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Accurate knowledge of the microbiota collected from surfaces in food processing environments is important for food quality and safety. This study assessed discrepancies in taxonomic composition and alpha and beta diversity values generated from eight different bioinformatic workflows for the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from the microbiota collected from surfaces in dairy processing environments. We found that the microbiota collected from environmental surfaces varied widely in density (0–9.09 log
10
CFU/cm
2
) and Shannon alpha diversity (0.01–3.40). Consequently, depending on the sequence analysis method used, characterization of low-abundance genera (i.e., below 1% relative abundance) and the number of genera identified (114–173 genera) varied considerably. Some low-abundance genera, including
Listeria
, varied between the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) methods. Centered log-ratio transformation inflated alpha and beta diversity values compared to rarefaction. Furthermore, the ASV method also inflated alpha and beta diversity values compared to the OTU method (
P
< 0.05). Therefore, for sparse, uneven, low-density data sets, the OTU method and rarefaction are better for taxonomic and ecological characterization of surface microbiota.

IMPORTANCE
Culture-dependent environmental monitoring programs are used by the food industry to identify foodborne pathogens and spoilage biota on surfaces in food processing environments. The use of culture-independent 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize this surface microbiota has been proposed as a tool to enhance environmental monitoring. However, there is no consensus on the most suitable bioinformatic analyses to accurately capture the diverse levels and types of bacteria on surfaces in food processing environments. Here, we quantify the impact of different bioinformatic analyses on the results and interpretation of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences collected from three cultured dairy facilities in New York State. This study provides guidance for the selection of appropriate 16S rRNA analysis procedures for studying environmental microbiota in dairy processing environments.
Grasping rehabilitation using motor imagery with or without neurofeedback after tetraplegia: a study protocol for a bicentric randomised controlled trial
Authors: Charbonnier Geoffroy , Reilly Karen T , Schwartz Denis , Daligault Sébastien , Luauté Jacques , Rossetti Yves , Collet Christian , Gelis Anthony , Rode Gilles , Mateo Sébastien 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionTetraplegia causes extensive sensorimotor deficits affecting activity, participation and quality of life. People with C6-C7 tetraplegia can learn to grasp objects by performing wrist extension movement (ie, tenodesis grasp), and motor imagery (MI) added to rehabilitation significantly improved tenodesis grasp. We hypothesise that this improvement can be further boosted by adding neurofeedback during MI. Thus, we design a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of MI training on grasping ability in people with C6-C7 tetraplegia.Methods and analysisWe will perform a bicentric, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled study. During rehabilitation, 21 inpatients with C6-C7 tetraplegia will be allocated to MI with neurofeedback (MI training with graphical display on a computer screen based on mu (8–13 Hz) and beta (18–25 Hz) frequency rhythms measured with 32-channel electroencephalography), MI alone (only MI training) and control (watching movies and visualisation of geometric shapes). All participants will receive three 45-min training sessions per week for 5 weeks.The primary outcome measure will be wrist extension angle immediately after the intervention during tenodesis grasp measured with a 3D motion analysis system (VICON). Secondary outcomes will include a range of measures: kinematic, grip strength, upper limb range of motion, upper limb strength (manual muscle test and hand-held dynamometer measure), dexterity (box and block test, 9-hole peg test, Jebsen test, capabilities of upper extremity questionnaire), quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), daily life autonomy (Quadriplegic Index of Function), MI capacity and brain reorganisation (magnetoencephalography only available in Lyon, n=15). We will measure all outcomes five times: during weeks 1, 3 and 5 (baseline), week 11 (immediately after the intervention end) and week 18 (8 weeks after the intervention end).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted on 29 September 2017 (CPP Nord-Ouest-IV 17/25, N°2017-A00990-53). Dissemination will occur via presentation of results in scientific meetings and publication in peer-reviewed academic journals.Trial registration numberNCT03190863(ClinicalTrials.gov).