bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) in the fetus: retrospective analysis of perinatal prognostic indicators in a two‐center series of 49 cases
Authors: Paladini D. , Deloison B. , Rossi A. , Chalouhi G. E. , Gandolfo C. , Sonigo P. , Buratti S. , Millischer A. E. , Tuo G. , Ville Y. , Pistorio A. , Cama A. , Salomon L. J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveVein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare fetal anomaly, the neurological outcome of which can be good with appropriate perinatal management. However, most fetal series are too small to allow reliable statistical assessment of potential prognostic indicators. Our aim was to assess, in a two‐center series of 49 cases, the prognostic value of several prenatal variables, in order to identify possible prenatal indicators of poor outcome, in terms of mortality and cerebral disability.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 49 cases of VGAM diagnosed prenatally and managed at two centers over a 17‐year period (1999–2015). All cases had undergone detailed prenatal cerebral and cardiac assessment by grayscale ultrasound, color and pulsed‐wave Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound and MRI examination reports and images were reviewed and outcome information was obtained from medical reports. Volume of the VGAM (on ultrasound and MRI) was calculated and development of straight‐sinus dilatation, ventriculomegaly and other major brain abnormalities was noted. Cardiothoracic ratio, tricuspid regurgitation and reversed blood flow across the aortic isthmus were evaluated on fetal echocardiography. Major brain lesions were considered by definition to be associated with poor outcome in all cases. Pregnancy and fetoneonatal outcome were known in all cases. Fetoneonatal outcome and brain damage were considered as dependent variables in the statistical evaluation. Poor outcome was defined as death, late termination of pregnancy due to association with related severe brain anomalies or severe neurological impairment.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up time of 20 (range, 0–72) months, 36.7% of the whole series and 52.9% of the cases which did not undergo late termination were alive and free of adverse sequelae. Five (10.2%) cases showed progression of the lesion between diagnosis and delivery. On univariate analysis, dilatation of the straight sinus, VGAM volume ≥ 20 000 mm3 and tricuspid regurgitation were all significantly related to poor outcome. However, on logistic regression analysis, the only variables associated significantly with poor outcome were tricuspid regurgitation and, to a lesser extent, VGAM volume ≥ 20 000 mm3. The former was also the only variable associated with brain damage.ConclusionsMajor brain lesions, tricuspid regurgitation and, to a lesser extent, VGAM volume ≥ 20 000 mm3 are the only prenatal variables associated with poor outcome in fetal VGAM. Prenatal multidisciplinary counseling should be based on these variables. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical utility of non‐invasive prenatal testing in pregnancies with ultrasound anomalies
Authors: Beulen L. , Faas B. H. W. , Feenstra I. , van Vugt J. M. G. , Bekker M. N. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the application of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as an alternative to invasive diagnostic prenatal testing in pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound findings.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 251 singleton and multiple pregnancies at high risk for fetal chromosomal abnormality based on findings at sonographic examination, in which NIPT was performed as a first‐tier genetic test. NIPT was performed by massively parallel sequencing of cell‐free DNA in maternal plasma, allowing genome‐wide detection of whole‐chromosome, as well as partial, autosomal aneuploidy. Sex chromosomes were not analyzed, according to the current protocol in Dutch laboratories.ResultsNIPT was performed at a median gestational age of 20 weeks, indicated by the presence of multiple congenital anomalies (n = 13), isolated structural anomalies (n = 57), increased nuchal translucency ≥ 3.5 mm (n = 58), soft markers (n = 73), growth restriction (n = 40) and other anomalies (n = 10). NIPT results were normal in 224 (89.2%) pregnancies, inconclusive in one (0.4%) and abnormal in 26 (10.4%). Most genetic aberrations detected by NIPT were common whole‐chromosome aneuploidies: trisomy 21 (n = 13), trisomy 18 (n = 6) and trisomy 13 (n = 3). Four further NIPT results were abnormal; one was suspected of being confined placental mosaicism and one was of maternal origin. In those with normal NIPT results, sonographic follow‐up or examination of the newborn indicated the need for diagnostic genetic testing in 33/224 (14.7%) pregnancies. Clinically relevant genetic aberrations were revealed in 7/224 (3.1%) cases, two of which were whole‐chromosome aneuploidies: trisomy 13 and monosomy X. As sex chromosomal aberrations are not included in NIPT analysis, the latter cannot be considered a false‐negative result. Other discordant findings were subchromosomal aberrations (< 20 megabases, n = 2) and monogenic aberrations (n = 3).ConclusionsNIPT should not be recommended for genetic evaluation of the etiology of ultrasound anomalies, as both resolution and sensitivity, or negative predictive value, are inferior to those of conventional karyotyping and microarray analysis. Nonetheless, some pregnant women consider NIPT to be an acceptable alternative to invasive diagnostic testing. © 2016 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Cover Image, Volume 5, Issue 5
Authors: Azizoglu D. Berfin , Cleaver Ondine 
Published: August 2016

The cover image, by Ondine Cleaver and D. Berfin Azizoglu, is based on the Focus Article Blood vessel crosstalk during organogenesis—focus on pancreas and endothelial cells, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.240. Image courtesy of Alethia Villasenor.
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Indoor simulation of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise
Authors: Fernandez Felipe A. , Burdisso Ricardo A. , Arenas Jorge P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWind energy is the world's fastest‐growing renewable energy source; as a result, the number of people exposed to wind farm noise is increasing. Because of its broadband amplitude‐modulated characteristic, wind turbine noise (WTN) is more annoying than noise produced by other common community/industrial sources. As higher frequencies are attenuated by air absorption and building transmission, the noise from modern large wind farms is mainly below 1000 and 500 Hz for outdoor and indoor conditions, respectively. Many WTN complaints relate to indoor, nighttime conditions when background noise levels are lower. As recently reported, indoor noise has the potential to cause sleeping disorders. Studies on human response to amplitude modulated WTN have been mainly focused on the outdoors, where a large amount of measured data exists. This is not the case for indoors, where it is much harder to gather data. Hence, there is a need to understand the transmission of WTN into dwellings and to develop indoor annoyance metrics. In this article, we investigate the transmission of WTN into residential‐type structures. Using an outdoor WTN recording and structures with different properties/configurations, we made a series of computer simulations for indoor noise predictions and assessed the results employing several widely used metrics for WTN, for example, spectral content, modulation depth and overall levels. In general, the indoor noise levels are higher, and the average modulation depth is similar to those of outdoor recordings. In addition, there is a significant change in the spectral shape. These results could potentially explain indoor WTN annoyance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A long‐term evaluation of biopsy darts and DNA to estimate cougar density: An agency‐citizen science collaboration
Authors: Beausoleil Richard A. , Clark Joseph D. , Maletzke Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAccurately estimating cougar (Puma concolor) density is usually based on long‐term research consisting of intensive capture and Global Positioning System collaring efforts and may cost hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. Because wildlife agency budgets rarely accommodate this approach, most infer cougar density from published literature, rely on short‐term studies, or use hunter harvest data as a surrogate in their jurisdictions; all of which may limit accuracy and increase risk of management actions. In an effort to develop a more cost‐effective long‐term strategy, we evaluated a research approach using citizen scientists with trained hounds to tree cougars and collect tissue samples with biopsy darts. We then used the DNA to individually identify cougars and employed spatially explicit capture–recapture models to estimate cougar densities. Overall, 240 tissue samples were collected in northeastern Washington, USA, producing 166 genotypes (including recaptures and excluding dependent kittens) of 133 different cougars (8–25/yr) from 2003 to 2011. Mark–recapture analyses revealed a mean density of 2.2 cougars/100 km2 (95% CI = 1.1–4.3) and stable to decreasing population trends (β = −0.048, 95% CI = −0.106–0.011) over the 9 years of study, with an average annual harvest rate of 14% (range = 7–21%). The average annual cost per year for field sampling and genotyping was US$11,265 ($422.24/sample or $610.73/successfully genotyped sample). Our results demonstrated that long‐term biopsy sampling using citizen scientists can increase capture success and provide reliable cougar‐density information at a reasonable cost. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Factors affecting trapping success of northern bobwhites in the rolling plains of Texas
Authors: Ruzicka Rebekah E. , Rollins Dale , Lacoste Lloyd M. , Wester David B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTrapping of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) is commonly conducted for research purposes. We investigated the influence of weather, lunar phase, time of day, and season on bobwhite trapping success in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas, USA, from 2009 to 2011. We trapped bobwhites in autumn (Oct–Nov) and spring (Feb–Mar) using walk‐in funnel traps baited with sorghum. We used a negative binomial regression to examine effects of temperature, humidity, wind speed, lunar phase, time of day, season, the number of traps set, and year on the number of bobwhites captured per trapping session. More bobwhites were trapped during the spring, in the evenings, and when temperatures were cooler. There was also some evidence for an influence of lunar phase on the number of bobwhites captured with greater counts during the new moon and third quarter. These variables may be important to consider for maximizing catch‐per‐unit‐effort, when using trapping data to estimate relative abundance, or when conducting mark–recapture studies. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Foraging at the wildland–urban interface decouples weather as a driver of recruitment for desert bighorn sheep
Authors: Longshore Kathleen , Lowrey Christopher , Cummings Patrick 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA growing number of ungulate populations are living within or near the wildland–urban interface. When resources at the interface are of greater quality than that of adjacent natural habitat, wildlife can be attracted to these developed areas. Little is known about how use of the wildland–urban interface by wildlife may affect vital rates. Under natural conditions, recruitment by desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) correlates with variation in the timing and amount of rainfall that initiates and enhances growth of annual plant species. However, for populations that forage in developed areas, this relationship may become decoupled. In the River Mountains of Nevada, USA, desert bighorn sheep have been feeding in a municipal park at the wildland–urban interface since its establishment in 1985. Approximately one‐third of the population now uses the park during summer months when nutritional content of natural forage is low. We hypothesized that use of this municipal area, with its abundant vegetation and water resources, may have decoupled the previous relationship between precipitation and lamb recruitment. We assessed variables known to affect lamb recruitment before (1971–1986) and after (1987–2006) establishment of the park using linear regression models. Our top candidate model for the pre‐park period indicated that total November precipitation was the greatest driver of lamb recruitment in this population. After park establishment, this relationship became decoupled because lamb recruitment was no longer driven by weather variables. These results raise questions about the effects of decoupling drivers of population growth and maintaining natural populations near urban areas. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 5
Authors: Cho Kwang‐Hyun , Joo Jae Il , Shin Dongkwan , Kim Dongsan , Park Sang‐Min 
Published: August 2016

The cover image, by Kwang‐Hyun Cho et al., is based on the Opinion The reverse control of irreversible biological processes, 10.1002/wsbm.1346.
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Abstract conjunctive partial deduction for the analysis and compilation of coroutines
Authors: Nys Vincent , De Schreye Danny 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe provide an approach to formally analyze the computational behavior of coroutines in logic programs and to compile these computations into new programs, not requiring any support for coroutines. The problem was already studied near to 30 years ago, in an analysis and transformation technique called compiling control. However, this technique had a strong ad hoc flavor: the completeness of the analysis was not well understood and its symbolic evaluation was also rather ad hoc. We show how abstract conjunctive partial deduction, introduced by Leuschel in 2004, provides an appropriate setting to redefine compiling control. We define an abstract domain and all abstract operations required by abstract conjunctive partial deduction. We prove that these concepts satisfy all the correctness conditions imposed by the framework and therefore inherit its main correctness theorem. We also show that there exist more complex coroutining examples which do not fit within abstract conjunctive partial deduction and we propose some further extensions to include them.
Co-regulation of mRNA translation by TDP-43 and Fragile X Syndrome protein FMRP
Authors: Majumder Pritha , Chu Jen-Fei , Chatterjee Biswanath , Swamy Krishna B. S. , Shen Che-Kun James 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
For proper mammalian brain development and functioning, the translation of many neuronal mRNAs needs to be repressed without neuronal activity stimulations. We have discovered that the expression of a subclass of neuronal proteins essential for neurodevelopment and neuron plasticity is co-regulated at the translational level by TDP-43 and the Fragile X Syndrome protein FMRP. Using molecular, cellular and imaging approaches, we show that these two RNA-binding proteins (RBP) co-repress the translation initiation of Rac1, Map1b and GluR1 mRNAs, and consequently the hippocampal spinogenesis. The co-repression occurs through binding of TDP-43 to mRNA(s) at specific UG/GU sequences and recruitment of the inhibitory CYFIP1-FMRP complex by its glycine-rich domain. This novel regulatory scenario could be utilized to silence a significant portion of around 160 common target mRNAs of the two RBPs. The study establishes a functional/physical partnership between FMRP and TDP-43 that mechanistically links several neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Characterization of Femoral Head Taper Corrosion Features Using a 22-Year Retrieval Database
Authors: Cartner Jacob , Aldinger Patrick , Li Chenxi , Collins David 
Published: August 2016

Background Modularity in total hip arthroplasty has been used for decades with great success, but new findings regarding corrosion artifacts have caused a resurgence in tapered junction research. Mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) is thought to be the mechanism by which corrosive attack occurs. Myriad multi-factorial variables are known to influence the susceptibility of a modular taper junction to MACC. Some of these variables are design and manufacture related and others can be controlled by the surgeon. Questions/Purposes This study was performed to assess a 22-year retrieval database to determine if correlations exist between severity of corrosion artifacts and head size, time in vivo, head offset, or head material. Secondarily, the agreement of visual and semi-quantitative scoring methods was assessed using the retrieved components. Methods A total of 210 femoral head tapers were scored and heads receiving high scores were measured to quantify material loss due to MACC. Results Increased head size and increased time in vivo did not correlate to higher corrosion scores. Contrarily, there were differences in corrosion scores based on femoral head offset and material. Deviations away from a neutral offset (where neutral is defined as the alignment of femoral head center and stem taper gage point) resulted in higher scores. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum heads were associated with higher corrosion scores and higher material loss as compared to oxidized zirconium heads. Conclusion Reducing the moment arm at the head-neck junction and choosing a more inert material appears to provide greater resistance to corrosion.
Study of a distributed feedback diode laser based hygrometer combined Herriot-gas cell and waterless optical components
Authors: Wei Yubin , Chang Jun , Lian Jie , Wang Qiang , Wei Wei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A distributed feedback diode laser (DFB-DL) based hygrometer combined with a long-path-length Herriot gas cell and waterless optical components was proposed and investigated. The main function of this sensor was to simultaneously improve the measurement reliability and resolution. A comparison test between a 10-cm normal transmission-type gas cell and a 3-m Herriot gas cell was carried out to demonstrate the improvement. Reliability improvement was achieved by influence suppression of water vapor inside optical components (WVOC) through combined action of the Herriot gas cell and waterless optical components. The influence of WVOC was suppressed from 726 ppmv to 25 ppmv using the Herriot gas cell. Moreover, combined with waterless optical components, the influence of WVOC was further suppressed to no more than 4 ppmv. Resolution improvement from 11.7 ppmv to 0.32 ppmv was achieved mainly due to the application of the long-path-length Herriot gas cell. The results show that the proposed sensor has a good performance and considerable potential application in gas sensing, especially when probed gas possibly permeates into optical components.
Bone and Gallium Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography is Equivalent to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Infectious Spondylodiscitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tamm Alexander S. , Abele Jonathan T. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives Spondylodiscitis has historically been a difficult clinical diagnosis. Two imaging techniques that address this problem are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and combined bone (99mTc-methylene diphosphonate) and gallium-67 single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT). Their accuracies have not been adequately compared. The purpose of this study is to compare the sensitivities and specificities of bone and gallium SPECT-CT and MRI in infectious spondylodiscitis. Methods This retrospective study assessed all patients who underwent a bone or gallium SPECT-CT of the spine to assess for infectious spondylodiscitis from January 1, 2010, to May 2, 2012, at a single tertiary care centre. Thirty-four patients (23 men; average 62 ± 14 years of age) were included. The results of the bone or gallium SPECT-CT were compared against MRI for all patients in the cohort who underwent an MRI within 12 weeks of the SPECT-CT. A diagnosis of spondylodiscitis in the discharge summary was considered the reference standard, and was based on a combination of clinical scenario, response to therapy, imaging, or microbiology. Results Spondylodiscitis was diagnosed in 18 patients and excluded in 16. Bone or gallium SPECT-CT and MRI had similar ( P > .05; κ = 0.74) sensitivities (0.94 vs 0.94), specificities (1.00 vs 1.00), positive predictive values (1.00 vs 1.00), negative predictive values (0.94 vs 0.80), and accuracies (0.97 vs 0.95) when compared to the reference standard. Conclusion Although MRI remains the initial modality of choice in diagnosing spondylodiscitis, bone and gallium SPECT-CT appears diagnostically equivalent and should be considered a viable supplementary or alternative imaging modality particularly if there is contraindication or inaccessibility to MRI.
Clinical Outcomes of Mammographic BI-RADS 3 Lesions in the Community Hospital Setting
Authors: Friedman Paul , Kerwin Lauren , Chung Jean 
Published: August 2016

Objectives Per the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) manual, a lesion designated as BI-RADS 3 should have less than a 2% chance of becoming malignancy. With this study, we evaluated the outcome of patients given a BI-RADS 3 designation in the community hospital. Specifically, whether our cancer detection rate for BI-RADS 3 lesions was less than 2% and comparable to rates obtained at other institutions. Methods The records of 1037 patients given a BI-RADS 3 on screening mammogram were reviewed over a 1-year period between May 2007 and May 2008. A total of 142 of these patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 885 patients. Some of these patients had more than 1 BI-RADS 3 lesion during this study period, yielding a total of 923 BI-RADS 3 lesions to evaluate out of the 885 patients remaining. Of these, 478 of the patients' lesions were biopsied. The pathology was then reviewed to determine whether the lesions were cancerous. Results Only 6 of the 882 lesions initially classified as a BI-RADS 3 were later diagnosed as cancer, or 0.65% of the study population. The positive predictive value of receiving a BI-RADS 3 was 99.3%, which demonstrates a high accuracy in predicting that a lesion is not cancerous. Conclusion Most lesions that are diagnosed as a BI-RADS 3 have a very low probability of eventually being diagnosed as cancer. The findings from this study are comparable to studies performed at other institutions.