bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of operating lights on laminar flow
Authors: Refaie R. , Rushton P. , McGovern P. , Thompson D. , Serrano-Pedraza I. , Rankin K. S. , Reed M. 
Published: August 2017

Aims The interaction between surgical lighting and laminar airflow is poorly understood. We undertook an experiment to identify any effect contemporary surgical lights have on laminar flow and recommend practical strategies to limit any negative effects. Materials and Methods Neutrally buoyant bubbles were introduced into the surgical field of a simulated setup for a routine total knee arthroplasty in a laminar flow theatre. Patterns of airflow were observed and the number of bubbles remaining above the surgical field over time identified. Five different lighting configurations were assessed. Data were analysed using simple linear regression after logarithmic transformation. Results In the absence of surgical lights, laminar airflow was observed, bubbles were cleared rapidly and did not accumulate. If lights were placed above the surgical field laminar airflow was abolished and bubbles rose from the surgical field to the lights then circulated back to the surgical field. The value of the decay parameter (slope) of the two setups differed significantly; no light (b = -1.589) versus one light (b = -0.1273, p < 0.001). Two lights touching (b = -0.1191) above the surgical field had a similar effect to that of a single light (p = 0. 2719). Two lights positioned by arms outstretched had a similar effect (b = -0.1204) to two lights touching (p = 0.998) and one light (p = 0.444). When lights were separated widely (160 cm), laminar airflow was observed but the rate of clearance of the bubbles remained slower (b = -1.1165) than with no lights present (p = 0.004). Conclusion Surgical lights have a significantly negative effect on laminar airflow. Lights should be positioned as far away as practicable from the surgical field to limit this effect. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1061–6.
Usefulness of an accelerometer-based portable navigation system in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ikawa T. , Takemura S. , Kim M. , Takaoka K. , Minoda Y. , Kadoya Y. 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using a portable, accelerometer-based surgical navigation system (KneeAlign2) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on the alignment of the femoral component, and blood loss.Patients and MethodsA total of 241 consecutive patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee were enrolled in this prospective, randomised controlled study. There were 207 women and 34 men. The mean age of the patients was 74.0 years (57 to 89). The KneeAlign2 system was used for distal femoral resection in 121 patients (KA2 group) and a conventional intramedullary femoral guide was used in 120 patients (IM group).ResultsOne patient (0.8%) in the KA2 group and 19 in the IM group had an alignment which was > 3° away from the neutral mechanical axis (p < 0.01). The mean deviation from neutral alignment was 1.01° (standard deviation (sd) 1.0°) in the KA2 group and 1.93° (sd 1.7°) in the IM group (p < 0.01). Blood loss was significantly less in the KA2 group compared with the IM group (784 ml (sd 357) versus 1071 ml (sd 310), p < 0.001).ConclusionThe KneeAlign2 system provides a technically straightforward method for identifying the femoral head and performing an accurate distal femoral resection at TKA with significantly less blood loss compared with a conventional intramedullary guide. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1047–52.
Cost effectiveness of patellofemoral versus total knee arthroplasty in younger patients
Authors: Chawla H. , Nwachukwu B. U. , van der List J. P. , Eggman A. A. , Pearle A. D. , Ghomrawi H. M. 
Published: August 2017

Aims Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has experienced significant improvements in implant survivorship with second generation designs. This has renewed interest in PFA as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for younger active patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PF OA). We analysed the cost-effectiveness of PFA versus TKA for the management of isolated PF OA in the United States-based population. Patients and Methods We used a Markov transition state model to compare cost-effectiveness between PFA and TKA. Simulated patients were aged 60 (base case) and 50 years. Lifetime costs (2015 United States dollars), quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated from a healthcare payer perspective. Annual rates of revision were derived from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed for all parameters against a $50 000/QALY willingness to pay. Results PFA was more expensive ($49 811 versus $46 632) but more effective (14.3 QALYs versus 13.3 QALYs) over a lifetime horizon. The ICER associated with the additional effectiveness of PFA was $3097. The model was mainly sensitive to utility values, with PFA remaining cost-effective when its utility exceeded that of TKA by at least 1.0%. PFA provided incremental benefits at no increased cost when annual rates of revision decreased by 24.5%. Conclusions Recent improvements in rates of implant of survival have made PFA an economically beneficial joint-preserving procedure in younger patients, delaying TKA until implant failure or tibiofemoral OA progression. The present study quantified the minimum required marginal benefit for PFA to be cost-effective compared with TKA and identified survivorship targets for PFA to become both less expensive and more effective. These benchmarks might be used to assess clinical outcomes of PFA from an economic standpoint within the United States healthcare system. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1028–36.
Posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a convex pedicle screw technique
Authors: Tsirikos A. I. , Mataliotakis G. , Bounakis N. 
Published: August 2017

Aims We present the results of correcting a double or triple curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a convex segmental pedicle screw technique. Patients and Methods We reviewed 191 patients with a mean age at surgery of 15 years (11 to 23.3). Pedicle screws were placed at the convexity of each curve. Concave screws were inserted at one or two cephalad levels and two caudal levels. The mean operating time was 183 minutes (132 to 276) and the mean blood loss 0.22% of the total blood volume (0.08% to 0.4%). Multimodal monitoring remained stable throughout the operation. The mean hospital stay was 6.8 days (5 to 15). Results The mean post-operative follow-up was 5.8 years (2.5 to 9.5). There were no neurological complications, deep wound infection, obvious nonunion or need for revision surgery. Upper thoracic scoliosis was corrected by a mean 68.2% (38% to 48%, p < 0.001). Main thoracic scoliosis was corrected by a mean 71% (43.5% to 8.9%, p < 0.001). Lumbar scoliosis was corrected by a mean 72.3% (41% to 90%, p < 0.001). No patient lost more than 3° of correction at follow-up. The thoracic kyphosis improved by 13.1° (-21° to 49°, p < 0.001); the lumbar lordosis remained unchanged (p = 0.58). Coronal imbalance was corrected by a mean 98% (0% to 100%, p < 0.001). Sagittal imbalance was corrected by a mean 96% (20% to 100%, p < 0.001). The Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire score improved from a mean 3.6 to 4.6 (2.4 to 4, p < 0.001); patient satisfaction was a mean 4.9 (4.8 to 5). Conclusions This technique carries low neurological and vascular risks because the screws are placed in the pedicles of the convex side of the curve, away from the spinal cord, cauda equina and the aorta. A low implant density (pedicle screw density 1.2, when a density of 2 represents placement of pedicle screws bilaterally at every instrumented segment) achieved satisfactory correction of the scoliosis, an improved thoracic kyphosis and normal global sagittal balance. Both patient satisfaction and functional outcomes were excellent. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1080–7.
The surgical treatment of non-specific low back pain
Authors: Todd N. V. 
Published: August 2017

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has issued guidelines that state fusion for non-specific low back pain should only be performed as part of a randomised controlled trial, and that lumbar disc replacement should not be performed. Thus, spinal fusion and disc replacement will no longer be routine forms of treatment for patients with low back pain. This annotation considers the evidence upon which these guidelines are based.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1003–1005.
James VanDerZee’s New Negro vision
Authors: White Russell 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In her article ‘Selecting the Harlem Renaissance’, Daylanne English notes that ‘we must not underestimate the importance of photographs for the period’s construction of the New Negro, nor for our construction of the Harlem Renaissance’. As one of the foremost photographers working in Harlem in the 1920s, James VanDerZee played a pivotal role in conveying and perpetuating the image of Jazz Age Harlem as a flourishing black community. Despite his self-confessed distance from many of the cultural movements of the time, this article argues that much of VanDerZee’s approach was consistent with elements of New Negro philosophy and ideology, particularly that articulated by W. E. B. DuBois. That ideology viewed, as Henry Louis Gates Jr observes, the public self as something to be fashioned and shaped. Drawing upon a variety of visual tropes, some old such as cartes de visites and cabinet card portraiture, and some much more modern such as publicity photographs found in film magazines of the time, VanDerZee’s images chronicled the aspirational lifestyles of the emergent black middle class of ‘Strivers Row’ (north beyond 139th Street) and the various religious and sporting organizations that permeated Harlem and played a crucial role in developing a civic culture. In doing so, VanDerZee challenged prevailing stereotypes of African Americans then in circulation within American popular culture and helped to change the image of African Americans in the United States.
Potencial antifúngico de quitosanases extracelulares de Fusarium solani FA14 contra os fitopatógenos Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Bezerra Neto Samuel Alves , Da Costa Lorena Nogueira Frota , Magalhães Erlândia Alves , Batista Francisco Lucas Alves , Moura Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves , Franca Maria Gleiziane Araújo , De Paiva Cristiane Félix , De Lima Daniele Rodrigues , De Oliveira Messias Vital , Guedes Maria Izabel Florindo , Freire Francisco das Chagas de Oliveira , Magalhães Francisco Ernani Alves 
Published: August 2017

O trabalho reporta o potencial antifúngico de quitosanases extracelulares do fungo Fusarium solani FA14 contra os fitopatógenos Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Inicialmente, a cepa foi submetida a ensaio de atividade quitosanase (AQ) e se mostrou ativa, com valor de AQ igual a 1,1 significantemente igual (p<0,05) ao do controle positivo, Penicillium sp. Posteriormente a cepa foi empregada como fonte de quitosanases extracelulares para avaliar o percentual de inibição do crescimento (PIC) dos fungos Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Como resultado, o extrato enzimático de F. solani FA14 se mostrou ativo contra todos os fungos desafiados, com valores de PIC variando de 21 a 64%, significantemente maiores (p<0,05) do que os dos extratos do Penicillium sp. O extrato enzimático do F. solani FA14 apresentou atividade antifúngica mais expressiva contra o fitopatógeno Lasiodiplodia theobromae, com valor de PIC igual a 64%, significantemente maior (p<0,05) do que os dos extratos do Penicillium sp. (PIC = 50%).
Avaliação da síndrome de burnout em servidores da guarda municipal de Fortaleza
Authors: De Freitas Melo Cynthia , Mourão Thais Helena  Ramos Queiroz 
Published: August 2017

O profissional de defesa civil, que possui um trabalho que sempre foi considerado nobre, sofre com os custos emocionais eminentes de sua profissão, o que pode resultar em agravos como a síndrome de burnout, um esgotamento profissional. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa objetiva avaliar se os profissionais da Guarda Municipal de Fortaleza (GMF) apresentam a síndrome de burnout. Por meio de um estudo correlacional contou-se com uma amostragem não probabilística por conveniência composta por 147 servidores da GMF que responderam a Escala Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Service Survey (MBI – HSS) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, com apoio do software Statistical Packageof Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS). Como resultados, verificou-se que os guardas municipais apresentam índices moderados com sinal de alerta de exaustão emocional (M = 22,23; DP = 14,55), despersonalização (M = 8,15; DP = 7,69) e realização profissional (M = 32,63; DP = 10,33). Contempla-se ainda que 35 participantes (23,80%) apresentam a combinação de altos níveis de exaustão emocional e despersonalização. Desses, 26 participantes (17,70%) apresentam, além dos altos níveis de exaustão emocional e despersonalização, baixo nível de realização profissional; configurando-se o quadro de burnout. Nessa perspectiva, conclui-se que os profissionais da guarda municipal apresentam burnout ou risco de adoecimento, fazendo-se necessárias intervenções de prevenção e recuperação.
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Zeins Extracted from Maize Seeds
Authors: Ştefănescu Raluca , Băncilă Sabina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report the mass spectrometric analysis of zeins extracted from degreased maize flour with either an aqueous 70% ethanol solution or 60% acetonitrile containing 10 mM dithiothreitol. The analysis was performed on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as matrix. The method allowed the detection of α-, β- and γ-zeins, but not δ-zeins and was used for the analysis of zein content in the maize inbred KWS 3381 and in commercial flour at different flour particles sizes: between 710 μm and 1.0 mm, between 250 μm and 355 μm and smaller than 100 μm.
The Properties of Nanosilver – Doped Nanohydroxyapatite Coating On the Ti13zr13Nb Alloy
Authors: Bartmanski M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the properties of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) and nanohydroxyapatite, doped with nanosilver (nanoHAp/nanoAg), coatings obtained by an electrophoretic deposition process. The suspensions was prepared by dispersing 0.1 g of HAp nanopowder for nanoHAp coatings and 0.1 g of nanoHAp and 0.025 g nanoAg for nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings. The deposition was carried out for 1 min at 50 V voltage followed by drying at room temperature for 24 h and heating at 800°C for 1 h in vacuum. The thickness of the nanoHAp and nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings was found as of about 5 μm. The corrosion behavior tests made by potentiodynamic methods brought out slightly higher values of corrosion current for nanoHAp coatings and nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings as compared to the reference Ti13Zr13Nb specimen. The nanohardness of the nanoHAp coatings achieved 0.020 ± 0.004 GPa and of the nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings 0.026 ± 0.012 GPa. Nanoscratch test of the nanoHAp and nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings revealed an increased Critical Friction (mN) in the presence of nanosilver particles. The wettability angles decreased for nanoHAp/nanoAg coatings comparing to pure nanoHAp coatings on titanium alloy.
Increasing of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Introducing Alumina Particles
Authors: Tashkandi M. A. , Al-Jarrah J. A. , Ibrahim M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The main aim of this investigation is to produce a welding joint of higher strength than that of base metals. Composite welded joints were produced by friction stir welding process. 6061 aluminum alloy was used as a base metal and alumina particles added to welding zone to form metal matrix composites. The volume fraction of alumina particles incorporated in this study were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 vol% were added on both sides of welding line. Also, the alumina particles were pre-mixed with magnesium particles prior being added to the welding zone. Magnesium particles were used to enhance the bonding between the alumina particles and the matrix of 6061 aluminum alloy. Friction stir welded joints containing alumina particles were successfully obtained and it was observed that the strength of these joints was better than that of base metal. Experimental results showed that incorporating volume fraction of alumina particles up to 6 vol% into the welding zone led to higher strength of the composite welded joints as compared to plain welded joints.
Lung Cancer in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jozicic Mirela , Imsirovic Alen , Katalinic Lea , Krtalic Branimir , Jukic Nikolina Basic 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Although the incidence of malignancy has increased after solid organ transplantation, data on lung cancer in this group of patients is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine clinical characteristics and outcome of patients who developed lung cancer after renal transplantation. Methods. Among a cohort of 1658 patients who received a transplant at our institution and were followedup between 1973 and 2014, five patients developed lung cancer. We analyzed risk factors, transplantation characteristics, treatment options and survival. Results. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 5 patients (0.3%). Time to diagnosis after the transplant procedure ranged from 26 to 156 months (mean 115 months). All of them had a smoking history. Tumors were classified as IIB (20%), IIIA (40%), and IV (40%). Histological types included adenocarcinoma (80%) and there was one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma (20%). One patient had concomitant thyroid papillary carcinoma. Radiotherapy was applied in 2 patients, 2 underwent chemotherapy (erlotinib and combination of carboplatinum and etopozide in one patient each), and 2 died within one month after the diagnosis from disseminated malignant disease. Patients with stage IIIA survived 14 and 24 months after the diagnosis. The patient with sarcomatoid cancer underwent thoracotomy with a complete resection, lost his graft function and died 7 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion. Lung cancer is relatively rare malignancy in renal transplant recipients, but associated with high mortality. Smoking is a significant risk factor, thus smoking cessation should be promoted among renal transplant recipients, as well as regular screening for lung cancer.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Medical Students
Authors: Bharambe Vaishaly K. , Rathod Hetal , Angadi Kalpana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction. All over the world people on organ transplant waiting lists die due to shortage of donor organs. The success of organ donation program needs education of the population regarding organ donation for which healthcare professionals are most suitable. The present study was taken up to assess the knowledge and attitude of 1st, 2ndand 3rdyear medical students about organ donation. Methods. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was distributed amongst all willing 1st, 2nd and 3rdyear medical students at our Medical College and later analyzed statistically. Results. A total of 157, 145 and 92 students from each year of medical education respectively gave their consent for participation in the study. Awareness regarding organ donation was found to be 98.7-100%, 69.4% claimed television as their source of information regarding organ donation and 46.7% stated that it is possible for patient to recover from brain death. The awareness regarding eye, liver, heart and kidney donations was found to be 92.4%, 87%, 87% and 97.8%, respectively. 87% of medical students were aware of need for legal supervision, and awareness regarding the existing laws was found to be 57.6%. Conclusion. Medical students had a high level of awareness and a positive attitude towards organ donation. However, knowledge regarding “brain-death”, organs and tissues donated, legislation and ethical issues was poor. A teaching intervention designed to specifically address these issues could help increase the confidence of the health-care professionals and may result finally in increased organ procurement rates.
Bardet Biedel Syndrome: a Rare Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yildirim Tuba Demirci , Ugur Mehmet Can , Soyaltin Utku Erdem , Akar Harun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is characterized by obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, hypogonadism, mental retardation and polydactyly. Additionally, renal, cardiac and neurological manifestations may be seen. We report a case of BBS with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the age of 43.
The South African Adventure Tourism Economy: An urban phenomenon
Authors: McKay Tracey 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The international adventure tourism literature is remarkably silent on the geographical nature of the industry. This study seeks to provide a geographical analysis of the sector within the context of South Africa. The spatial analysis was undertaken by metropolitan area, secondary towns and small towns, using a dataset of adventure tourism enterprises. It was found that the sector is spatially concentrated and highly urbanised, despite the perception that adventure tourism requires ‘wild’ and outdoor spaces. With many adventure tourism enterprises located in South Africa’s metropolitan areas, it is a hither too unknown sub-sector of the South African urban tourism market. Urban settlements with large populations and a strong general tourism sector form a significant support base for adventure tourism operators. Cape Town is the dominant adventure tourism destination, making it the adventure capital of South Africa. A few small settlements were found to be highly dependent upon the sector for survival.
Can Increasing Dividends be a Symptom of the Financialization of the Polish Economy?
Authors: Kowerski Mieczyslaw 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Because operationally financialization may be detected by the increase of interest, dividends, or capital gains, the paper tries to answer the question as to whether the increased dividend payments observed in Poland can be a symptom of financialization. Analysis of basic tendencies of changes in propensities to pay dividends, values, structures and payout ratios of companies quoted in the years 1992-2014 on the Warsaw Stock Exchange tend towards the conclusion that the increase of dividend payouts at this time is not a sign of financialization of the economy. But because most of the phenomena connected with the dividend policy of the companies quoted on the WSE show similar tendencies to those of the developed equity markets, this may be a symptom of the financialization of the Polish economy in the future.