bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of bacterial pathogens in inflammatory and noninflammatory cutaneous ulcers of American tegumentary leishmaniasis
Authors: Kariyawasam Ruwandi , Gascon Bryan , Challa Priyanka , Mah Jordan , Lau Rachel , Valencia Braulio M. , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Boggild Andrea K. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by purulent exudate, erythema, pain, and/or lymphatic involvement, are empirically treated with antibiotics. Objective: The spectrum of bacteria present in localized versus inflammatory phenotypes of CL is elucidated herein. Methods: Filter paper lesion impressions (FPLIs) from 39 patients with CL (19 inflammatory and 20 noninflammatory ulcers) were evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and end-point PCR targeting: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus spp., Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 16S rDNA. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on six specimens. Results: In total, 30/39 (77%) patients’ ulcers had ⩾1 bacterium detected, which included the following species: S. aureus ( n = 16, 41%), C. freundii ( n = 13, 33%), P. aeruginosa ( n = 12, 31%), E. cloacae ( n = 12, 31%), K. pneumoniae ( n = 11, 28%), Enterococcus spp. ( n = 7, 18%), E. coli ( n = 6, 15%), and S. pyogenes ( n = 4, 10). Prevalence of bacterial species did not differ by CL phenotype ( p = 0.63). However, patients with inflammatory phenotypes were, on average, over a decade older than patients with noninflammatory phenotypes (42 years vs 27 years) ( p = 0.01). The inflammatory phenotype was more prevalent among ulcers of Leishmania Viannia braziliensis (58%) and L. V. panamensis (83%) compared to those of L. V. guyanensis (20%) ( p = 0.0369). Conclusion: The distribution of flora did not differ between inflammatory and noninflammatory CL phenotypes. Further prospective analysis, including additional WGS studies of all CL ulcers for nonbacterial organisms, is necessary to determine the role of empiric antibiotic therapy in inflammatory and purulent CL.
The effectiveness of telemedicine in the management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Dat Truong Van , Binh Van , Hoang Thai Minh , Tu Vo Linh , Luyen Pham Dinh , Anh Le Thi Kim 
Published: September 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes, a lifestyle-related disease demanding daily self-management, is a significant health concern. In this context, the use of telemedicine as a management tool is a relatively new and promising approach. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge by identifying the effectiveness of telemedicine in managing type 2 diabetes through a systematic review approach. Methods: Four databases were searched including PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Global Health Library, and Google Scholar on 27 July 2022. Additionally, a manual search was performed to identify any relevant articles that may have been missed. The quality of the included articles was rigorously assessed using the Study Quality Assessment Tools of the National Institute of Health. Results: We analyzed data from 134 articles. All 134 studies were published between 2002 and 2022, including 103 controlled intervention trials, 13 cohort studies, 7 before–after (pre–post) studies with no control group, 1 initial trial, 1 case study, 1 pilot study, and 8 two-arm studies that did not report the study design. Accordingly, most studies show positive changes in glycemic index in every group using telemedicine. Overall, although the BMI and weight indices in the studies improved at the end of the course, the improvement values were considered insignificant. Conclusion: Telemedicine may be a valuable solution for blood sugar management in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the effectiveness of telemedicine in improving BMI and quality of life is unclear.
HiCMC: High-Efficiency Contact Matrix Compressor
Authors: Adhisantoso Yeremia Gunawan , Körner Tim , Müntefering Fabian , Ostermann Jörn , Voges Jan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Chromosome organization plays an important role in biological processes such as replication, regulation, and transcription. One way to study the relationship between chromosome structure and its biological functions is through Hi-C studies, a genome-wide method for capturing chromosome conformation. Such studies generate vast amounts of data. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that chromosome organization is dynamic, requiring snapshots at different points in time, further increasing the amount of data to be stored. We present a novel approach called the High-Efficiency Contact Matrix Compressor (HiCMC) for efficient compression of Hi-C data.

Results
By modeling the underlying structures found in the contact matrix, such as compartments and domains, HiCMC outperforms the state-of-the-art method CMC by approximately 8% and the other state-of-the-art methods cooler, LZMA, and bzip2 by over 50% across multiple cell lines and contact matrix resolutions. In addition, HiCMC integrates domain-specific information into the compressed bitstreams that it generates, and this information can be used to speed up downstream analyses.

Conclusion
HiCMC is a novel compression approach that utilizes intrinsic properties of contact matrix, such as compartments and domains. It allows for a better compression in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. HiCMC is available at https://github.com/sXperfect/hicmc.
Non-viral approaches in CAR-NK cell engineering: connecting natural killer cell biology and gene delivery
Authors: McErlean Emma M. , McCarthy Helen O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNatural Killer (NK) cells are exciting candidates for cancer immunotherapy with potent innate cytotoxicity and distinct advantages over T cells for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) therapy. Concerns regarding the safety, cost, and scalability of viral vectors has ignited research into non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. This review comprehensively analyses recent advancements and challenges with non-viral genetic modification of NK cells for allogeneic CAR-NK therapies. Non-viral alternatives including electroporation and multifunctional nanoparticles are interrogated with respect to CAR expression and translational responses. Crucially, the link between NK cell biology and design of drug delivery technologies are made, which is essential for development of future non-viral approaches. This review provides valuable insights into the current state of non-viral CAR-NK cell engineering, aimed at realising the full potential of NK cell-based immunotherapies.
Graphical Abstract

Non-viral production of “off-the-shelf” CAR-NK cells. 1. NK cells may be purified from donor blood, differentiated from stem cells or produced from immortalised cell lines in the lab. 2. NK-specific CAR design modified from CAR-T designs to include NK transmembrane domains (NKG2D, NKp44), co-stimulatory receptors (e.g., DAP10, 2B4) and NK cell receptors (NKG2D). 3. Non-viral genetic modification of NK cells can include delivery of CAR construct via DNA or mRNA, and knock-in/out of specific genes using gene editing tools (e.g., CRISPR Cas9, transposons). This requires a gene delivery method which may include electroporation, lipid and multifunctional nanoparticles and cell penetrating peptides. The resultant CAR-NK cells are then expanded in vitro and may be delivered as an "off-the-shelf" product to treat multiple patients.
Storage of firearms in vehicles: findings from a sample of firearm owners in nine U.S. states
Authors: Testa Alexander , Semenza Daniel C. , Anestis Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there has been a growing number of thefts of firearms stored in vehicles. Despite this trend, there is limited research on firearm storage patterns in vehicles in the United States. This study investigates these storage patterns and evaluates the relationship between the surge in firearm purchases after March 2020 and the practice of storing firearms in vehicles.

Methods
Firearm storage practices were classified into four categories: (a) no vehicle storage, (b) locked vehicle storage only, (c) unlocked vehicle storage only, and (d) both locked and unlocked vehicle storage. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between vehicle firearm storage practices and the main independent variable (firearm purchases since March 2020), adjusting for covariates.

Results
Those who purchased a firearm since March 2020 were significantly more likely to store at least one firearm in a vehicle unlocked only (RRR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.45–3.99) or both locked and unlocked (RRR = 2.57, 95% CI .180–3.67) compared to the reference category of no vehicle storage.

Conclusion
Individuals who purchased a firearm after March 2020 were more likely to report storing a firearm in a vehicle. Given the limited research on patterns of firearm storage in vehicles, these findings provide novel evidence suggesting that firearm purchases following the March 2020 firearm purchasing surge may have fomented behaviors that increased the likelihood of firearm storage in automobiles. Moving forward, there is a need for additional quantitative and qualitative research that can better understand patterns and motivations of firearm storage in vehicles.
Consequences of slope instability and existing practices of mitigation in hydropower projects of Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sanjeev , Dahal Ranjan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Nepal has witnessed several instances of slope instability associated with Hydroelectric Projects in the recent decades. Despite this, slope instability tends to receive less attention compared to other hazards.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to investigate fourteen hydroelectric projects with the aim of identifying the types and causes of slope failures. Additionally, it seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of slope stability conditions and challenges encountered during construction at project sites.

Methods
To accomplish this, the study employs Key Informant Interviews with Questionnaires to delve into the slope stability concerns within Nepal’s hydropower projects. The findings are then validated through an extensive review of pertinent literature. To conduct a thorough assessment of slope stability, the study relies on on-site observations, measurements, investigations, and both in-situ and laboratory tests.

Results
It becomes evident that the careful selection of study sites, the application of geotechnical methods, and the establishment of regular monitoring are pivotal for ensuring favorable slope stability outcomes.

Conclusion
A majority of respondents concur that cutslope is the primary factor causing slope instability with 44.4% answering affirmatively. An independent t-test reveals there is no significant difference between the variables. Moreover, the correlation which is closed to 1 suggests that perception of respondents are interconnected and tend to vary in a synchronized manner. Participants in the study widely acknowledge numerical modeling methods as a means to overcome the limitations of slope stability studies.
Mir-150-5p distinguishes acute pulmonary embolism, predicts the occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and regulates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury
Authors: Wu Yue , Sun Xin , Cui Guangqiang , Wang Shu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a major type of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with a high risk of mortality and disability. There is a lack of biomarkers for APE to indicate deteriorating development and predict adverse outcomes. This study evaluated the significance of miR-150-5p in APE aiming to explore a novel potential biomarker for APE.

Methods
The study enrolled APE (n = 137) and deep wein thrombosis (DVT, n = 67) patients and collected plasma samples from all study subjects. The expression of miR-150-5p was analyzed by PCR and its significance in screening APE and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was assessed by receiver operating curve (ROC) and logistic analyses. The study established oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through cell transfection combined with cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the effect of miR-150-5p on ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury was evaluated.

Results
Significant downregulation of miR-150-5p was observed in the plasma of APE patients compared with DVT patients (P < 0.0001). The plasma miR-150-5p levels in APE patients occurred PAH was much lower than in patients without PAH (P < 0.0001). Reducing miR-150-5p distinguished APE patients from DVT patients (AUC = 0.912) and was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of PAH in APE patients (OR = 0.385, P = 0.010). In HUVECs, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD). Overexpressing miR-150-5p could promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress of ox-LDL-treated HUVECs.

Conclusions
Downregulated plasma miR-150-5p served as a diagnostic biomarker for APE and predicted the predisposition of PAH in APE patients. Overexpressing miR-150-5p could alleviate ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury in HUVECs.
Identification of autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy caused by a novel mutation in RELN in China: a case report
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhu Yanmei , Zhong Wenqiang , He Jia , Gou Haiyan , Zhu Yulan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal epilepsy, but hereditary factors are usually overlooked. Reelin (RELN) is considered to be the second most common pathogenic gene implicated in autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE). However, this mutation is not frequently discovered in the Chinese population. Additionally, there are few clinical studies regarding the connection between RELN and glioma.

Case presentation
The healthcare records of an 8-year-old child who experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) during sleep for 7 years were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to experiencing his first seizure at the age of one, his mother also suffered from GTCS during her pregnancy, and a glioma was discovered. An investigation involving gene sequencing was conducted on the proband and his parents. He was diagnosed with ADLTE once a missense mutation in RELN (c.1799 C > T) was identified as the causal factor. The mutation was inherited from his mother. He was taking levetiracetam (500 mg twice a day) to avoid seizures, but his mother died of status epilepticus caused by glioma recurrence two years earlier.

Conclusions
Genetic issues should be given more consideration in cases of temporal lobe epilepsy. If the source of the seizures is determined to be inherited, anti-seizure medications should be used for prolonged periods. Furthermore, more research is required to determine whether mutations in RELN are related to the occurrence and progression of gliomas.
Diet and selected stimulants as factors promoting carcinogenesis in oral cancer
Authors: Kras Magdalena , Lelek Katarzyna , Poborowska Dominika , Polańska Katarzyna , Kahan Weronika , Szafrańska Weronika , Wojaczek Marta , Niedbał Piotr , Kosińska Agnieszka , Łata Marcin 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
Oral cancer belongs to a heterogeneous group of head and neck cancers. In many cases, it is detected at an advanced stage, which translates into a relatively high mortality rate among patients. For this reason, the identification of risk factors promoting carcinogenesis is of great importance in terms of prevention. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate the relationship between the type of diet consumed and the intake of stimulants and the risk of developing oral cancer.
State of knowledge
This article is an overview of selected dietary ingredients and stimulants - tobacco, alcohol and betel, presenting their possible effects on the oral area. We have presented both dietary products known for their harmfulness and those with health-promoting effects.
Material and method
In our work, we focused on analyzing medical literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar. The sources we have chosen are based on studies conducted in epidemiology, biochemistry and oncology.
Summary
Dietary habits and ingested stimulants have a direct impact on the development of oral cancer. Depending on the content of various components, the diet may exhibit protective properties or promote carcinogenesis. On the other hand, chronic habitual use of certain substances has been found to be a strong factor in increasing the risk of oral malignancies. Therefore, efforts should be made to raise public awareness of the potential consequences of pro-inflammatory diets and stimulants intake.
METROPOLİTAN MÜZESİ'NDEKİ BAZI EPİGRAFİK VE PALEOGRAFİK ESERLER
Authors: Dursun Necla , Sokhanpardaz Kamran 
Published: September 2024

ÖZ: Amerika Birleşik Devletinin New York şehrinde yer alan Metropolitan Sanat Müzesi, dünyanın en büyük müzelerinden biridir. 1872 yılında kurulan müzenin koleksiyonunda Asya, Eski Yakın Doğu, Mısır, Yunan ve Roma, Orta Çağ, İslam, Avrupa resim ve modern sanat eserleri bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede Metropolitan Müzesi koleksiyonunda yer alan bugüne kadar transkripsiyonu yapılmamış, İslami döneme ait 11 eser incelenmiştir. Bu eserler 8 ila 14. Yüzyıl aralığında, farklı bölgelerden müzeye intikal etmiş, 2 adet süslemeli taş yapı elemanı, 2 ahşap levha, 1 cam ağırlık, 6 kûfi yazılı Kur’an-ı Kerim sayfasıdır. Çalışmanın amacı bu eserlerin, okunuşları ile tanımlanması, genel özelliklerinin ortaya konulması ve motif ile süsleme detaylarının incelenmesidir. Müze seksiyonunda yer alan pek çok eser bugün literatüre girmiştir. Burada incelenen eserlerin transkripsiyonu ve detaylı incelemeleri üzerinde pek durulmamıştır hatta müze envanterinde eser okunuşları ve bilgileri eksiktir. Bu eserlerin detaylı incelemelerinin yapılması, alanda çalışma yapacaklar için yol gösterici olacaktır.	Makale nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanmış olup, örneklem üzerinden betimleme ve gözleme dayalı sonuca ulaşılmıştır.
Assessment of the carbon footprint of total hip arthroplasty and opportunities for emission reduction in a UK hospital setting
Authors: Kodumuri Preetham , Joshi Pushkar , Malek Ibrahim 
Published: September 2024

AimsThis study aimed to assess the carbon footprint associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a UK hospital setting, considering various components within the operating theatre. The primary objective was to identify actionable areas for reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable orthopaedic practices.MethodsUsing a life-cycle assessment approach, we conducted a prospective study on ten cemented and ten hybrid THA cases, evaluating carbon emissions from anaesthetic room to recovery. Scope 1 and scope 2 emissions were considered, focusing on direct emissions and energy consumption. Data included detailed assessments of consumables, waste generation, and energy use during surgeries.ResultsThe carbon footprint of an uncemented THA was estimated at 100.02 kg CO2e, with a marginal increase to 104.89 kg CO2e for hybrid THA. Key contributors were consumables in the operating theatre (21%), waste generation (22%), and scope 2 emissions (38%). The study identified opportunities for reducing emissions, including instrument rationalization, transitioning to LED lighting, and improving waste-recycling practices.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the substantial carbon footprint associated with THA. Actionable strategies for reducing emissions were identified, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices in orthopaedic surgery. The findings prompt a critical discussion on the environmental impact of single-use versus reusable items in the operating theatre, challenging traditional norms to make more environmentally responsible choices.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):742–748.
The effects of substance use on non-communicable diseases among older adults aged 60 and above in the North-eastern States of India
Authors: Boro Sasanka , Saikia Nandita 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
The North-eastern region of India has a relatively higher prevalence of substance use, which together with poor dietary practices and a lack of physical activity is one of the key risk factors for NCDs among older adults in the region. Understanding the prevalence of NCDs and their relationship to substance use can help develop preventive strategies and sensitization in North-eastern India.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of NCDs and the strength of the association of substance abuse among the geriatric population of North-eastern states in India, for the development of preventive strategies.

Methods
Data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI Wave-I, 2017–18) were drawn to develop this paper. The bi-variate and binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to predict the association between non-communicable diseases and substance use adjusting select socio-demographic characteristics.

Results
The paper revealed the prevalence of NCDs among urban people (61.45%) is higher than among rural people (42.45%). Hypertension (37.29%) can be seen as the most prevalent disease among the following given NCDs followed by Diabetes (8.94%). The chances of having Cancer are nineteen times higher (OR = 19.8; C.I. = 18.82–20.83) if an individual has past smoking behaviour after controlling for socio-demographic and physical activity variables.

Conclusion
Since, the high prevalence of hypertension correlated with the high level of substance abuse, require immediate attention to develop appropriate intervention strategies for its control (substance abuse) and prevention of hypertension. In a lower middle-income country like India, preventive measures, rather than curative measures will be cost-effective and helpful.