bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in trajectories according to early amyloid accumulation in cognitively unimpaired elderly
Authors: Kim Young Ju , Yun Jihwan , Seo Sang Won , Kim Jun Pyo , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Woo Sookyoung , Chun Min Young ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeAmyloid β (Aβ), a major biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, leads to tau accumulation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Modelling the trajectory of Aβ accumulation in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals is crucial, as treatments targeting Aβ are anticipated. The evolution of Aβ levels was investigated to determine whether it could lead to classification into different groups by studying longitudinal Aβ changes in older CU individuals, and differences between the groups were compared.MethodsA total of 297 CU participants were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, and these participants underwent apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, neuropsychological testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and an average of 3.03 follow‐up 18F‐florbetapir positron emission tomography scans. Distinct Aβ trajectory patterns were classified using latent class growth analysis, and longitudinal cognitive performances across these patterns were assessed with a linear mixed effects model.ResultsThe optimal model consisted of three classes, with a high entropy value of 0.947. The classes were designated as follows: class 1, non‐accumulation group (n  = 197); class 2, late accumulation group (n  = 70); and class 3, early accumulation group (n  = 30). The late accumulation and early accumulation groups had more APOE ε4 carriers than the non‐accumulation group. The longitudinal analysis of cognitive performance revealed that the early accumulation group showed the steepest decline (modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite with digit symbol substitution [mPACCdigit], p < 0.001; modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite with trails B [mPACCtrailsB], p < 0.001) and the late accumulation group showed a steeper decline (mPACCdigit, p = 0.014; mPACCtrailsB, p = 0.007) compared to the non‐accumulation group.ConclusionsOur study showed the heterogeneity of Aβ accumulation trajectories in CU older individuals. The prognoses for cognitive decline differ according to the Aβ trajectory patterns.
Effect of peroxide‐free and peroxide‐based in‐office bleaching on the surface and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials
Authors: Alsarani Majed M. , Khan Aftab Ahmed , Bautista Leonel S. J. , Alsunbul Hanan , Matinlinna Jukka P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the influence of H2O2‐based and H2O2‐free in‐office bleaching on the surface and mechanical attributes of CAD/CAM composite blocks. CAD/CAM composite blocks from five different composite materials (CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4, and CC5) were randomly divided into two groups according to bleaching application (H2O2‐based and H2O2‐free). The surface topography, morphology, nanohardness, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and fracture toughness were measured. A paired and unpaired sample t‐tests gauged the effect of pre‐ and post‐bleaching on the substrates. The estimated mean differences (before‐after bleaching) suggested an increase in surface roughness for two materials CC2 and CC4, and a significant decrease in nanohardness for material CC4 and in elastic modulus for materials CC2 and CC4 with H2O2‐based bleaching, whereas H2O2‐free bleaching resulted in changes compatible with no change in these properties. Flexural strength and fracture toughness showed no evidence of changes, irrespective of the bleaching gel used. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed erosive effects and micropore formation due to H2O2‐based bleaching. H2O2‐based bleaching deteriorates the surface of CAD/CAM composite materials while H2O2‐free bleaching gel had an insignificant effect on both surface and bulk properties. The clinician should carefully evaluate the potential effects of H2O2‐based bleaching on the surface properties of CAD/CAM composites.
Centromedian thalamic deep brain stimulation for idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Connectivity and target optimization
Authors: Park Sihyeong , Permezel Fiona , Agashe Shruti , Osman Gamaleldin , Simpson Hugh D. , Miller Kai J. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Starnes Keith , Lundstrom Brian N. , Worrell Gregory A. , Gregg Nicholas M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere are limited treatment options for individuals with drug‐resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Small, limited case series suggest that centromedian thalamus deep brain stimulation (CM‐DBS) may be an effective treatment option. The optimal CM‐DBS target for IGE is underexamined. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of CM‐DBS targeting and efficacy for five patients with drug‐resistant IGE. Volume of tissue activated (VTA) overlap with CM nucleus was performed using an open‐source toolbox. Median follow‐up time was 13 months. Median convulsive seizure frequency reduction was 66%. One patient had only absence seizures, with >99% reduction in absence seizure frequency. Four patients had electrode contacts positioned within the CM nucleus target, all of whom had >50% reduction in primary semiology seizure, with 85% median seizure reduction (p = .004, paired‐sample t test). Volumetric “sweet‐spot” mapping revealed that best outcomes were correlated with stimulation of the middle ventral CM nucleus. Connectivity strength between the sweet‐spot region and central peri‐Rolandic cortex was increased significantly relative to other cortical regions (p = 8.6 × 10−4, Mann–Whitney U test). Our findings indicate that CM‐DBS can be an effective treatment for patients with IGE, highlight the importance of accurate targeting and targeting analysis, and within the context of prior work, suggest that ideal CM‐DBS targets may be syndrome specific.
Heart rate variability in horses with and without severe equine asthma
Authors: Nyerges‐Bohák Zsófia , Kovács Levente , Povázsai Ágnes , Hamar Enikő , Póti Péter , Ladányi Márta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine asthma in severe form (severe equine asthma [sEA]) shares remarkable similarities with human asthma. Human studies detected changes in the autonomic nervous system function in asthmatic patients based on heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.Study designObservational study.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between sEA and HRV in horses.MethodsTwenty horses diagnosed with sEA and 20 asymptomatic (non‐sEA) horses were investigated. SEA horses showed clinical signs. The RR intervals of the ECG were recorded for 1 h at rest between 9 AM and 11 AM using a heart rate (HR) monitor. HRV data were calculated using Kubios software. Parameters recorded for the sEA and non‐sEA groups were compared using one‐way MANOVA model. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.ResultsSD2 (mean 99.6 ± SD 25.3 vs. 42.5 ± 17.1), SDNN (82.7 ± 20.7 vs. 41.3 ± 14.3), TINN (398.1 ± 104.9 vs. 209.3 ± 71.9), SD2/SD1 ratio (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3), Total power (4740.2 ± 1977.9 vs. 1503.0 ± 1179.3), LF (2415.3 ± 1072.4 vs. 707.4 ± 649.9), SD1 (60.9 ± 15.9 vs. 39.2 ± 14.1), RMSSD (86.0 ± 22.6 vs. 55.3 ± 19.8) and HF (1575.8 ± 902.5 vs. 578.1 ± 491.1) were lower in sEA horses compared with the non‐sEA horses (p < 0.01 for each variable). SD2, SDNN, TNN, the SD2/SD1 ratio and Total power showed the greatest discriminatory power in differentiating the sEA and non‐sEA groups.Main limitationsSmall sample size.ConclusionOur findings indicate that like humans, asthmatic horses show an overall reduction in autonomic control. A relative increase of the parasympathetic modulation of the heart was also observed. After further investigations, HRV measurement might be a non‐invasive approach to monitor autonomic nervous system responses of sEA horses.
MTFDN: An image copy‐move forgery detection method based on multi‐task learning
Authors: Liang Peng , Tu Hang , Hussain Amir , Li Ziyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImage copy‐move forgery, where an image region is copied and pasted within the same image, is a simple yet widely employed manipulation. In this paper, we rethink copy‐move forgery detection from the perspective of multi‐task learning and summarize two characteristics of this problem: (1) Homology and (2) Manipulated traces. Consequently, we propose a multi‐task forgery detection network (MTFDN) for image copy‐move forgery localization and source/target distinguishment. The network consists of a hard‐parameter sharing feature extractor, global forged homology detection (GFHD) and local manipulated trace detection (LMTD) modules. The difference of feature distribution between the GFHD module and the LMTD module is significantly reduced by sharing parameters. Experimental results on several benchmark copy‐move forgery datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MTFDN.
The second glass ceiling: The dark side of women recategorization in corporate boards
Authors: Pascual‐Fuster Bartolomé , Federo Ryan , Crespí‐Cladera Rafel , Gabaldón Patricia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown evidence of the existence of glass ceilings, especially for women who face several barriers to reach the most powerful corporate positions. However, even when these women have reached the board, they seem to experience resistance within this group, a second glass ceiling that prevents them from being appointed to the most influential positions of the board. Based on categorization and recategorization theories and using a sample of publicly listed Spanish firms during the period 2004–2012, we find that women directors with characteristics that should facilitate their promotion to most board leadership and major board committee positions are not reaching them, that is, are not recategorized. Moreover, we uncover that it is also hard for women to attract more women and evolve into their own majority group, as the number of women directors does not increase when women are already directors in those boards.
Novel protocol for prevention from hepatitis B reactivation following living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Toshima Takeo , Itoh Shinji , Yoshiya Shohei , Bekki Yuki , Iseda Norifumi , Tsutsui Yuriko , Toshida Katsuya , Nakayama Yuki , Ishikawa Takuma , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimReactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after liver transplantation (LT) remains a problem; thus, development of more effective HBV reactivation prophylaxis is desirable. We evaluated the efficacy of a combination of a long‐term nucleotide analog (NA), such as entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and short‐term hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in preventing HBV reactivation and compared it with conventional HBV prophylaxis.MethodsBetween February 1999 and August 2023, 135 patients underwent living‐donor liver transplantation for liver cirrhosis or acute liver failure caused by HBV infection or received an LT from a hepatitis B core antibody‐positive donor. Recipients who had undergone LT were classified as being in the first or second era (namely until September 2017 and from October 2017), respectively, and outcomes of prophylaxis against HBV reactivation were compared between the two eras.ResultsIn the second era, recipients with HBV‐related disease or who had received hepatitis B core antibody‐positive liver received combination therapy with short‐term HBIG and an NA such as TAF and ETV long‐term. The duration of HBIG treatment was markedly shorter than in the first era in both categories of patients and HBIG could be discontinued in all cases. Surprisingly, we observed HBV reactivation in the first era, but not in the second era, in both groups.ConclusionsWe have established a protocol for prophylaxis against HBV reactivation using a combination of short‐term HBIG and long‐term NA. This protocol was found to be sufficient to prevent HBV reactivation after LT.
Multiple facets of diversity reveal different patterns and processes in aquatic arthropod communities across the world's most extreme high‐altitude treasure
Authors: Zhang Junqian , Li Zhengfei , García‐Girón Jorge , Ge Yihao , Heino Jani , Yang Jiali , Xiong Xiong , Ma Li , Xie Zhicai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms underlying community organization has long been a central interest for ecologists and biogeographers. Recent findings have suggested that different dimensions of biodiversity may be shaped by contrasting ecological processes, offering complementary insights about community assembly. However, studies integrating multiple diversity facets across the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) remain insufficient.
We combined multiple analytical frameworks to unravel the patterns (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) and correlates (local environment, land use and dispersal pathways) of aquatic arthropod diversity in lotic (stream) and lentic (wetland) ecosystems of the QTP.
We observed strong phylogenetic signals in most functional traits, pointing to the influence of evolutionary processes on these faunas.
Null models indicated that community structure in most streams and wetlands was mostly the result of random draws from the regional functional and phylogenetic species pool. The prevalence of stochasticity was most likely associated with the interplay of the paleogeographical history, the extremely harsh environmental conditions at high elevations and the subsequent impoverishment of the regional species pool.
However, some streams and wetlands also exhibited phylogenetic overdispersion and functional clustering, emphasizing the potential importance of competitive exclusion and habitat filtering, respectively.
Variation partitioning further revealed that both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation accounted for the spatial variation of diversity measures, with local environment overriding the effects of space and catchment land use.
Overall, this study improves our understanding of community organization and diversity patterns in environmentally extreme alpine catchments, with broad implications for the conservation and management of one of the world’s most important high‐altitude treasures.
Deep Learning‐Based Blood Abnormalities Detection as a Tool for VEXAS Syndrome Screening
Authors: De Almeida Braga Cédric , Bauvais Maxence , Sujobert Pierre , Heiblig Maël , Jullien Maxime , Le Calvez Baptiste , Richard Camille , Le Roc'h Valentin , Rault Emmanuelle , Hérault Olivier , Peterlin Pierre , Garnier Alice , Chevallier Patrice , Bouzy Simon , Le Bris Yannick , Néel Antoine , Graveleau Julie , Kosmider Olivier , Paul‐Gilloteaux Perrine , Normand Nicolas , Eveillard Marion 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionVEXAS is a syndrome described in 2020, caused by mutations of the UBA1 gene, and displaying a large pleomorphic array of clinical and hematological features. Nevertheless, these criteria lack significance to discriminate VEXAS from other inflammatory conditions at the screening step. This work hence first focused on singling out dysplastic features indicative of the syndrome among peripheral blood (PB) polymorphonuclears (PMN). A deep learning algorithm is then proposed for automatic detection of these features.MethodsA multicentric dataset, comprising 9514 annotated PMN images was gathered, including UBA1 mutated VEXAS (n = 25), UBA1 wildtype myelodysplastic (n = 14), and UBA1 wildtype cytopenic patients (n = 25). Statistical analysis on a subset of patients was performed to screen for significant abnormalities. Detection of these features on PB was then automated with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for multilabel classification.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the proportions of PMNs with pseudo‐Pelger, nuclear spikes, vacuoles, and hypogranularity between patients with VEXAS and both cytopenic and myelodysplastic controls.Automatic detection of these abnormalities yielded AUCs in the range [0.85–0.97] and a F1‐score of 0.70 on the test set. A VEXAS screening score was proposed, leveraging the model outputs and predicting the UBA1 mutational status with 0.82 sensitivity and 0.71 specificity on the test patients.ConclusionThis study suggests that computer‐assisted analysis of PB smears, focusing on suspected VEXAS cases, can provide valuable insights for determining which patients should undergo molecular testing. The presented deep learning approach can help hematologists direct their suspicions before initiating further analyses.
Maternal influences on offspring food allergy
Authors: Lee Hwa Yeong , Nazmul Tanuza , Lan Jinggang , Oyoshi Michiko K. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe prevalence of allergies has been globally escalating. While allergies could appear at any age, they often develop in early life. However, the significant knowledge gap in the field is the mechanisms by which allergies affect certain people but not others. Investigating early factors and events in neonatal life that have a lasting impact on determining the susceptibilities of children to develop allergies is a significant area of the investigation as it promotes the understanding of neonatal immune system that mediates tolerance versus allergies. This review focuses on the research over the recent 10 years regarding the potential maternal factors that influence offspring allergies with a view to food allergy, a potentially life‐threatening cause of anaphylaxis. The role of breast milk, maternal diet, maternal antibodies, and microbiota that have been suggested as key maternal factors regulating offspring allergies are discussed here. We also suggest future research area to expand our knowledge of maternal–offspring interactions on the pathogenesis of food allergy.
Hemodynamic phenotypes in chronic kidney disease patients based on linear regression of blood pressure parameters
Authors: Cierpka‐Kmieć Katarzyna , Khursa Raissa , Hering Dagmara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClassic and non‐classic cardiovascular (CV) risk factors accumulate in chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to vascular remodeling and hemodynamic abnormalities. This study aimed to determine hemodynamic phenotypes based on linear regression of blood pressure (BP) parameters in stage G3‐G4 CKD patients at very high CV risk. 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central BP were obtained from 52 patients (aged 60 ± 11 years, BMI 30 ± 6 kg/m2) with stage G3‐G4 CKD (eGFR 44 ± 12 mL/min./1.73 m2). Linear BP regression coefficients were generated to determine hemodynamic phenotypes using ABPM data. Coexisting hypertension was present in 45 (86%) patients, out of whom 33 (73%) had BP controlled. 24‐h mean systolic/diastolic BP was 128 ± 18/75 ± 12 mm Hg. Twenty‐six patients demonstrated the harmonious (H) and 26 patients diastolic dysfunctional (D) hemodynamic phenotypes. eGFR was not significantly different between both phenotypes. Compared to phenotype H, patients with phenotype D were older (57 ± 11 vs. 63 ± 10 years, p = .04), had higher PWV (8.2 [7.3–10.3] vs. 9.7 [8.3–10.9] m/s, p = .02), ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) (0.31 ± 0.1 vs. 0.40 ± 0.1, p = .02), systolic BP (128 [122–130] vs. 137 [130–150] mm Hg, p = .001) and systolic BP variability (BPV) (11.7 ± 2.3 vs. 15.7 ± 3.4 mm Hg, p < .0001). Our findings suggest that one in two patients with stage G3‐G4 CKD demonstrates an unfavorable D hemodynamic phenotype based on a linear regression model, associated with higher PWV, AASI, systolic BP, and systolic BPV. Further studies are required to assess the clinical utility of hemodynamic phenotypes and whether the D phenotype may predict latent circulatory disorders and outcomes.
Association between fibrosis‐4 index and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with hypertension: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ding Hong , Wang Jingtao , Liu Shu , Xie Yafei , Zhang Xiaowei , Yu Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) is a noninvasive fibrosis test that is recommended for patients who are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis. The aim of the study was to explore the correlation between FIB‐4 index and the decline of cognitive function among older patients with hypertension. The study used a cross‐sectional design to analyze data obtained from the NHANES 2011–2014. The significance of the FIB‐4 index correlation with cognitive function in individuals over the age of 60 was evaluated via multivariate regression models. The nonlinear link was described and fitted smoothed curves. There were a total of 2039 participants in the study, and those with a higher FIB‐4 index were more susceptible to developing cognitive decline. In the completely adjusted model, the association remained statistically significant between the FIB‐4 index and poor cognitive function as measured by CERAD: Total Score (OR = 0.72, 0.57−0.91), Animal Fluency Score (OR = 0.66, 0.48−0.91), and Digit Symbol Score (OR = 0.36, 0.17−0.77). A nonlinear association was found between the FIB‐4 and poor cognitive ability: Total Score, CERAD: Score Delayed Recall, Digit Symbol Score, and Animal Fluency Score. In elderly patients with hypertension, a high FIB‐4 index is correlated with an increased prevalence of cognitive decline. Hence, the FIB‐4 index could potentially serve as a valuable tool for determining individuals with hypertension who are susceptible to both liver‐related complications and cognitive impairment.
Trends in child support receipt and regularity in the United States, 1996–2018
Authors: Pilarz Alejandra Ros , Cuesta Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined trends in child support receipt and regularity in the U.S. from 1996 to 2018, as well as whether inequality in these child support outcomes has grown by mothers' education, marital status, and race.BackgroundChild support from noncustodial fathers is an important income source for custodial mothers. Yet, many custodial mothers do not receive any child support or receive irregular payments. Demographic, economic, and policy changes over the past 20 years suggest custodial mothers' child support receipt, and especially regular receipt, may be declining, particularly among socioeconomically‐disadvantaged mothers.MethodUsing nationally‐representative data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study describes trends in child support receipt and regularity among custodial mothers (N = 11,456). Regression models were used to examine maternal and household characteristics associated with child support receipt and regularity and to examine how gaps in child support receipt and regularity by maternal characteristics have changed over time.ResultsChild support receipt and regularity declined by nearly 30% between 1996 and 2018. Any receipt, and especially regular receipt, declined by a larger margin for less‐educated and never married mothers relative to higher‐educated and married mothers, respectively.ConclusionGrowing gaps in child support receipt and regularity by mothers' education and marital status likely contribute to economic inequality, highlighting the need for reforms in child support policy and the social safety net.