bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodologic Strategies for Quantifying Associations of Historical and Contemporary Mortgage Discrimination on Population Health Equity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Edwards Janelle R. , Ong Christian , Barber Sharrelle , Headen Irene , Tabb Loni P. , De Roos Anneclaire J. , Schinasi Leah H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Mortgage discrimination refers to the systematic withholding of home mortgages from minoritized groups. In recent years, there has been an increase in empirical research investigating associations of historical and contemporary mortgage discrimination on contemporary outcomes. Investigators have used a variety of measurement methods and approaches, which may have implications for results and interpretation.

Purpose
We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature that has quantified links between both historical and current mortgage discrimination with contemporary adverse environmental, social, and health outcomes. Our goals were to document the methodology used to measure and assign mortgage discrimination, to assess implications for results and interpretation, and to make recommendations for future work.

Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, literature searches were conducted in September 2022 using terms that combined concepts of mortgage discrimination, health, and neighborhood environment.

Results
In total, 45 papers fit the eligibility criteria. In these, researchers investigated associations between mortgage discrimination and: (1) health outcomes (N = 28); (2) environmental and social exposures including heat, air pollution, greenspace, soil lead levels, and crime (N = 12); and (3) built environment features, including presence of retail alcohol, fast food, and tobacco stores (N = 5). Eleven included studies used Home Mortgage Discrimination Act (HMDA) data to identify racialized bias in mortgage discrimination or redlining, and 34 used Homeowner Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps. The construction and parametrization of mortgage discrimination or redlining and the spatial assignment of HOLC grades to contemporary addresses or neighborhoods varied substantially across studies.

Conclusions
Results from our review suggest the need for careful consideration of optimal methods to analyze mortgage discrimination such as HOLC spatial assignment or HMDA index parametrization, contemplation of covariates, and place-based knowledge of the study location.
Insight into Limited Recoveries in Printed Circuit Board Leaching: Evidence of Gold Adsorption Loss to Polymeric Particles
Authors: Oluokun Oluwayimika Olasunkanmi , Otunniyi Iyiola Olatunji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSustainable resource utilization ultimately depends on total recovery during recycling operations. PCB leach pulp for target metal recovery contains ceramic and polymeric particles resistant to reagent attack. The investigation herein shows the physicochemical behavior of five polymeric particles namely green, red, black, white, and blue in gold chloride complex [AuCl4]− solution. Gold concentration change was monitored over time to study how the gold solution interacted with the polymeric particles and how the interaction conforms to known adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. The black and green polymeric particles have the highest adsorption per unit mass to about 1.81 mg/g and 2.18 mg/g, respectively. Four adsorption kinetic models evaluated for insight on the adsorption mechanism observed show Elovich and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models fit the kinetic data best compared to other models with correlation coefficients of 0.9867 and 0.9863, respectively. Of the seven adsorption isotherm models evaluated, Sips model shows best fit for the isotherm data with correlation coefficients of 0.9727 and 0.9328 for green and black particles, respectively. Isotherm and kinetic model analyses of the experimental data indicated physisorption and chemisorption as driving mechanism of the interaction between PCB polymeric particles and gold chloride complex aliquot.
Graphical Abstract
Climate change and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa: an empirical analysis of aggregate- and sector-level growth
Authors: Chamma Desalegn Dawit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper utilizes a panel dataset encompassing 43 sub-Saharan African countries spanning from 1970 to 2019 to investigate the impact of climate change on both aggregate- and sector-specific economic growth. Via fixed effects and seemingly unrelated regression models, I show that climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and diminishing precipitation, exerts a detrimental influence on both aggregate and sectoral growth, albeit with varying degrees of severity. Such diverse effects emanate from the significant impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector, resulting in discernible alterations in output. Conversely, the industry, manufacturing, and service sectors demonstrate comparatively minor susceptibility to climate-induced change. Furthermore, the analysis highlights that the sub-Saharan African countries most vulnerable to climate change experience the greatest economic repercussions, and the most sensitive countries suffer the most.
Emerging trends in large format additive manufacturing processes and hybrid techniques
Authors: Vanerio Daniele , Guagliano Mario , Bagherifard Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge format additive manufacturing (LFAM) technologies are rapidly growing with significant potential for application in multiple technological sectors like aerospace, tooling, automotive, marine, construction, and energy. LFAM processes offer significant advantages including reduced lead time, cost, and material waste, which are further amplified due to the increased volume of the components. This review paper focuses on LFAM technologies with the highest technology readiness level, i.e., metal Directed Energy Deposition (DED), polymer extrusion, and solid-state deposition (i.e. cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM)). Common system setups, the maximum deposition rate, and the range of processable materials, along with the achievable mechanical properties and geometrical characteristics, are outlined for each technology, both in individual and hybrid manufacturing formats. The main technological challenges are gathered and discussed to highlight the areas that require further development. Finally, the current industrial applications for LFAM technologies and the expected future developments are outlined. This review provides an overview of LFAM technologies’ current status and discusses their potential in improving the manufacturing of complex and large geometries, with a significant reduction in material and energy consumption, while ensuring high-quality and high-performance components.
Use of QR Codes to Enhance Learning in a Graduate-Level Clinical Course
Authors: Minard Carey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTeaching health professions at the graduate level often involves instructors guiding students through active learning labs for the practical application of content. Clinical courses may necessitate covering a substantial amount of information, requiring instructors to adopt efficient and effective teaching methods to maximize lab time. In a Master of Occupational Therapy Program, students were observed being off-task and disengaged with provided materials during group work in active learning labs. In response to this, Quick Response (QR) codes were introduced as a strategy to enhance self-directed learning and maintain focus on tasks while the instructor offered supplemental assistance as needed. A Microsoft Form survey was administered after classes to assess the effectiveness of QR codes as a technology-supported instructional method and gather students’ perceptions. The survey results overwhelmingly indicated that students were receptive to using QR codes and found them helpful in facilitating learning and maintaining attention during lab activities.
‘Saying No’: Frames of Sexual Abuse in Survivors’ Narratives
Authors: Girod Romaine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing qualitative interviews with survivors and activists against sexual violence in the Catholic Church in Switzerland, this article suggests that the expression “saying no” or the idea of “refusal” frames discussions regarding child sexual abuse with detrimental consequences. This discourse is sometimes linked to a restrictive understanding of sexual consent and is applied to children in very asymmetrical relationships, who should be placed outside the scope of sexual consent. Particularly for men who have been sexually abused as children, this understanding of consent is referred to when speaking about sexual abuse. This asks questions about the gender norms influencing the discourse of consent and the challenges of understanding oneself as a victim of abuse. The article argues for a critical examination of the concept of consent and its connection to children and minors. It suggests that it is crucial, as many (feminist) scholars in different fields have argued, to abandon a negative standard of consent (saying no, resisting) in politics against sexual violence and instead focus on the capability to participate in and determine the sexual relationship.
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors: guardians against excitotoxicity in ischemic brain injury, with implications for neonatal contexts
Authors: Mielecki Damian , Salińska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), comprising mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8, offer neuroprotective potential in mitigating excitotoxicity during ischemic brain injury, particularly in neonatal contexts. They are G-protein coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and reduce neurotransmitter release, mainly located presynaptically and acting as autoreceptors. This review aims to examine the differential expression and function of group III mGluRs across various brain regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, with a special focus on the neonatal stage of development. Glutamate excitotoxicity plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia in neonates. While ionotropic glutamate receptors are traditional targets for neuroprotection, their direct inhibition often leads to severe side effects due to their critical roles in normal neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Group III mGluRs provide a more nuanced and potentially safer approach by modulating rather than blocking glutamatergic transmission. Their downstream signaling cascade results in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, neuronal hyperpolarization, and reduced neurotransmitter release, effectively decreasing excitotoxic signaling without completely suppressing essential glutamatergic functions. Importantly, the neuroprotective effects of group III mGluRs extend beyond direct modulation of glutamate release influencing glial cell function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which contribute to secondary injury cascades in brain ischemia. This comprehensive analysis of group III mGluRs multifaceted neuroprotective potential provides valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat excitotoxicity in neonatal ischemic brain injury.
Decolonising Australian Gold Rush Narratives with Critical Geopolitics
Authors: Bellingham Robin A. , Fricker Aleryk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSettler-colonial futurity and colonial onto-epistemology are embedded across mainstream Australian public education institutions and schooling. While Country is central to Indigenous being, knowledges and pedagogy, Australian public and school education and curricula regularly fail to engage with Country and place in its historical, political, institutional, more-than-human, and relational dimensions. This paper investigates how colonial discourse and narratives permeate public and schooling education resources about mining and the Australian gold rush, including those presented in local Victorian gold rush museums. These support an influential story of Australia’s past/present that erases First Nations1 custodial relations with Country, strengthens settler-colonial futurity and celebrates and legitimises its colonising and extractive relations between people, Country, and ecologies. The paper presents an argument for attending to critical, relational geopolitics in education and environmental education to destabilise and shift these ways of understanding. It considers opportunities and challenges presented by Australian curricula in terms of their capacity to develop geopolitical understandings of past/present/future social and ecological in/justice, and to support new political understandings and sense of connection and belonging with Country.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Non-Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Canadian Single-Center Experience
Authors: Hansen Megan , Kapadia Ronak , Alikhani Katayoun , de Robles Paula , Hahn Christopher 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT:

Background:
Autoimmune encephalidities (AIE) are becoming an increasingly recognized cause of encephalitis. While diagnosis and acute management are well described, information on long-term management and outcomes is limited. Given this, we reviewed 5 years of AIE patients, reporting on chronic management, relapse incidence and possible relapse predictors.

Methods:
We performed a chart review of all patients with non-paraneoplastic AIE presenting to Calgary Neuro-Immunology Clinic and Tom Baker Cancer Centre between 2015 and 2020. Severity of relapse was determined using the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). Variables were assessed with descriptive analysis and/or t-test.

Results:
Patients were followed for a mean of 38.2 months. Outcome data were assessable in 37/38 patients. Relapse rate ranged from 0% (GFAP) to 67% (NMDA), with a mean of 46%. Most relapses (76%) occurred within 3 years. Time to treatment initiation at relapse was significantly shorter than initial presentation (p = 0.0015), and patients had less severe relapses compared to initial presentation (CASE score 5.18 vs 6.53; p = 0.040).
Use of chronic immunotherapy did not appear to impact overall relapse risk, although patients on any immunotherapy at relapse had milder relapses based on ΔCASE (p = 0.0035).

Conclusion:
Relapse was not uncommon (46%) for various AIE subtypes in our cohort, particularly within the first 3 years. Our data enforce the importance of long-term follow-up, which in our study allowed for earlier treatment and less severe relapses compared to initial presentation, as well as the need to further explore which patients would benefit from chronic immunotherapy.
Management and Enforcement Theories for Compliance with the Rule of Law
Authors: Mavrouli Roila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Following the contemporary debate surrounding two alternative perspectives on compliance – enforcement and management – this article suggests an analysis through the lens of the rule of law crisis. Specifically, the financial and techno-managerial strategy developed by the EU for the indirect protection of the rule of law relies on mechanisms that combine characteristics from both the enforcement and management approaches. This article will identify these mechanisms, namely the European Semester, the Conditionality regulation, the European Structural Investment Funds and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, in order to determine their nature, features, and tools for ensuring compliance with the rule of law. The hypothesis of this article relies on the idea that the EU’s tools are characterised by a mismatch between the causes of the identified problems and the chosen solutions. Considering that the deployment of the above measures has not re-established compliance, the EU strategy toes between inducing rule conformity on the one hand and deterring rule of law violations on the other. However, it seems that only the former can restore the rule of law, as the latter is considered ill-equipped to reverse or at least halt instances of backsliding. This mismatch explains why the Justice Scoreboard, the Framework, and the Review Cycle with its Annual Report have not made any difference, and more generally, why management strategies are unfit for dealing with deliberate backsliding.1
The development of sodium reduction targets for New Zealand fast foods and a comparison with the current sodium contents of products
Authors: Gomes Shona , Mackay Sally , Gerritsen Sarah , Eyles Helen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sodium intake attributed to fast food is increasing globally. This research aims to develop maximum sodium reduction targets for New Zealand (NZ) fast foods and compare them with the current sodium content of products. Sodium content and serving size data were sourced from an existing database of major NZ fast-food chains. Target development followed a step-by-step process, informed by international targets and serving sizes, and previous methods for packaged supermarket foods. Sodium reduction targets were set per 100 g and serving, using a 40% reduction in the mean sodium content or the value met by 35–45% of products. Thirty-four per cent (1797/5246) of products in the database had sodium data available for target development. Sodium reduction targets were developed for 17 fast-food categories. Per 100 g targets ranged from 158 mg for ‘Other salads’ to 665 mg for ‘Mayonnaise and dressings’. Per serving targets ranged from 118 mg for ‘Sauce’ to 1270 mg for ‘Burgers with cured meat’. The largest difference between the current mean sodium content and corresponding target was for ‘Other salads’ and ‘Grilled Chicken’ (both –40% per 100g) and ‘Fries and potato products’ (–45% per serving), and the smallest, ‘Pizza with cured meat toppings’ (–3% per 100 g) and ‘Pies, tarts, sausage rolls and quiches’ (–4% per serving). The results indicate the display of nutrition information should be mandated and there is considerable room for sodium reduction in NZ fast foods. The methods described provide a model for other countries to develop country-specific, fast-food sodium reduction targets.
The Atrato River as a Bearer and Co-creator of Rights: Unveiling Black People’s Legal Mobilization Processes in Colombia
Authors: González-Serrano María Ximena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn 2016, Colombia’s Constitutional Court recognized the Atrato River as the first water body in Latin America to have its own rights. This article interrogates the historical roots of the judicial decision declaring the river a rights holder. Drawing on my long-term engagement with social organizations as an activist, lawyer, and then researcher, I illuminate the influence of Black people from the Atrato River in the transformation of law in at least three areas: ethnic territorial rights, transitional justice, and river rights. To do so, I combine interdisciplinary theoretical critique with socio-legal research using community-based and autoethnographic approaches to trace the community methods and historical practices of political contestation deployed along the rivers. Thus, I conceptualize how an organic and distinctive style of claiming and creating rights has been constructed in the basin. Moreover, by listening to the voices of the riverine representatives, I argue that the river is a nonhuman existence that has participated in the processes of rights-making in conjunction with local communities and a broader mosaic of allied actors. However, I also outline how legal systems still function to overlook crucial socio-legal claims of marginalized and resistant communities.
Italy between liberalism and democracy: universal suffrage and the 1913 elections
Authors: Adinolfi Goffredo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 1912, the Italian parliament approved the extension of male suffrage, making it ‘almost’ universal. This process of revising representation transformed the very idea of the relationship between citizens and the state and shaped a profoundly different Italy. The aim of this article is to trace both the process leading to the approval of universal suffrage and its impact on the party system. With a compilation and analysis of data developed from scratch for the elections of 1909 and 1913, it was possible to analyse the main dimensions of the two rounds in a disaggregated manner. Three aspects make 1913 a year of transition. First, the degree of competition in the electoral process, especially in the South, increased considerably. Second, the decline of liberal formations was not transformed into defeat, thanks only to the Catholic vote. Third, the birth of the Popular Party and the failure to create a mass party of conservatives were causes of the imbalance in the party structure.
Two terms of endearment? Incumbent-party performance in US presidential elections
Authors: Kane John V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Presidential elections are arguably the most consequential recurring political event in the United States. Understanding the factors that determine their outcomes, therefore, is of substantial importance. One proposed factor pertains to presidential candidates' incumbency status, yet its nature is complex and difficult to study with observational data. In particular, the individual-level mechanisms underlying incumbency effects remain unclear. This study proposes many citizens generally believe that, ceteris paribus, presidents should be afforded two terms. Crucially, such a norm implies that incumbency status possesses an inherent effect, operating independent of other mechanisms that may stem from incumbency. A large, pre-registered survey experiment was therefore employed to isolate the effect of incumbency status on presidential vote choice. The experiment finds strong evidence that one-term incumbent candidates have an inherent advantage against their non-incumbent opponents. The results also clarify that the two-term disadvantage present in observational data is not inherent, and is perhaps better understood simply as the absence of the one-term advantage. The study thus points toward a micro-foundational mechanism underlying incumbent-party performance in presidential elections. Finally, analyses of panel data explore which voters may be systematically inclined to vote based upon the incumbency status of presidential candidates.
Blessed are the Pure of Heart
Authors: Frances S. M. 
Published: September 2024

ALL those who would re-enter Paradise must first be tried by fire’, says St Ambrose. Thus the soul which aspires to the earthly Paradise of union with God in contemplation must necessarily be purified, for only the pure of heart can see God. Thus purification both of the senses and of the mind, says Père Garrigou-Lagrange, is caused by a special breathing of the Holy Spirit whose working here becomes manifest in the Gifts of knowledge, Filial Fear and Fortitude for the purification of the senses, and the Gift of Understanding for the purification of the mind.Knowledge shows experimentally the nothingness of creatures, both within and outside ourselves. It differs from Wisdom in that we see created things in their proximate cause (i.e., failures and imperfections) and not in the Supreme Cause. This Knowledge of the nothingness of created things is meant to lead us to the desire of God alone.Filial Fear is the Gift which inspires the soul with the fear of being unfaithful, and in spite of the sensitive nature being greatly depressed, weak and sluggish in good works by reason of the lack of attraction, the spirit is ready and strong.