bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of blind percutaneous jugular venous cannulation in resource-limited settings
Authors: Komolafe Opeyemi , Olatise Olalekan 
Published: November 2016

Background For the nephrologist practicing in resource-limited settings, vascular ultrasound is often unavailable; consequently, blind percutaneous puncture of large veins is often employed to establish vascular access for hemodialysis. Methods To examine the efficacy and safety of this approach we evaluated 53 consecutive patients in whom central vascular access was required. The vascular access route utilized was primarily the right internal jugular vein. In the majority of cases, the indication for central vascular access was hemodialysis. Results The average number of needle passes required to obtain vascular access was 1.6 for the patient population studied. A total of 90.6% of the patients required ≤2 needle passes during cannulation. Complication rate for the blind approach was low (7.6%) and no serious or life-threatening complications occurred. Conclusions Our findings suggest that blind percutaneous puncture of the internal jugular vein by trained hands is a relatively safe and effective approach for establishing vascular access for hemodialysis in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, wherever vascular ultrasound is available, it should be primarily utilized because of the documented advantages of image-guided insertion. Keeping in view the risk of serious peri-procedural complications which include death, the emphasis on image-guided insertion, is appropriate, particularly, in non-emergent situations.
Association between Toll-like Receptor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Immunological Pathways in Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Authors: de Matos Lucas G.G. , Cândido Eduardo B. , Vidigal Paula V.T. , Bordoni Polyanna H.C. , Lamaita Rivia M. , Carneiro Márcia M. , da Silva-Filho Agnaldo L. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction The immune system plays a critical role in the defense against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its persistence. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane receptors responsible for activation of the innate immune response, and an association between TLR expression and uterine cervical cancer has been shown. Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are among the main mediators of skin and mucosa inﬂammation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between TLR and TNF immune expression and cervical cancer and premalignant cervical lesions. Methods A total of 64 embedded tissues were obtained from gynecological procedures, including 35 specimens with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 10 specimens with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) as well as 19 normal cervical samples. The expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TNF-α and TNF-β was measured by immunohistochemistry and graded into low and high levels of expression. Results There was an association between the expression levels of TLR2 and those of TNF-α and TNF-β (p = 0.01 and p = 0.021, respectively) in the cervical cancer and CIN groups. TLR4 expression was associated with TNF-α and TNF-β expression (p = 0.016 and p = 0.025, respectively) in these 2 groups. By contrast, TLR3 was not statistically associated with TNF-α or TNF-β in any of the groups. Conclusions There might be an association of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways with the immunological response of TNF-α and TNF-β in cervical cancer. These markers are also expressed at higher levels in cervical cancer and premalignant lesions compared to normal controls.
Addition of Docetaxel and/or Zoledronic Acid to Standard of Care for Hormone-naive Prostate Cancer: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wen Feng , Fu Ping , Yang Yu , Li Qiu 
Published: November 2016

Background The effectiveness of the addition of docetaxel and/or zoledronic acid to the standard of care (SOC) for hormone-naive prostate cancer has been evaluated in the STAMPEDE trial. The object of the present analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these treatment options in the treatment of advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer in China. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model was carried out from the Chinese societal perspective. The efficacy data were obtained from the STAMPEDE trial and health utilities were derived from previous studies. Transition probabilities were calculated based on the survival in each group. The primary endpoint in the analysis was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and model uncertainties were explored by 1-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results SOC alone generated an effectiveness of 2.65 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a lifetime cost of $20,969.23. At a cost of $25,001.34, SOC plus zoledronic acid was associated with 2.69 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $100,802.75/QALY compared with SOC alone. SOC plus docetaxel gained an effectiveness of 2.85 QALYs at a cost of $28,764.66, while the effectiveness and cost data in the SOC plus zoledronic acid/docetaxel group were 2.78 QALYs and $32,640.95. Conclusions Based on the results of the analysis, SOC plus zoledronic acid, SOC plus docetaxel, and SOC plus zoledronic acid/docetaxel are unlikely to be cost-effective options in patients with advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer compared with SOC alone.
Pollution Transfer as Optimal Mass Transport Problem
Authors: Ndiaye L. , Ndiaye Mb. , Sy A. , Seck D. 
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we use mass transportation theory to study pollution transfer in porous media. We show the existence of a $L^2-$regular vector field defined by a $W^{1, 1}-$ optimal transport map. A sufficient condition for solvability of our model, is given by a (non homogeneous) transport equation with a source defined by a measure. The mathematical framework used, allows us to show in some specifical cases, existence of solution for a nonlinear PDE deriving from the modelling. And we end by numerical simulations.
Mechanical properties of In/Si(111)-(8×2) investigated by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Iwata Kota , Yamazaki Shiro , Shiotari Akitoshi , Sugimoto Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We use noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to investigate the mechanical properties of quasi-one-dimensional indium chains on an In/Si(111) surface. The system shows phase transition from the 4×1 to 8×2 periodicity at temperatures near 120 K. AFM could not detect ×2 modulation along the chains near point defects at room temperature, but STM could. In contrast, the 8×2 phase at 80 K could be observed by AFM in phase with the STM image. High-resolution AFM images show that the 8×2 phase is not perturbed by mechanical interaction with the AFM tip because of misalignment between the reaction coordinates of the phase transition and the direction of the vertical force of the tip.
Monitoring the CO2 consumption of Monoraphidium sp. microalgae: Characterization of algal biomass produced
Authors: Figuera A. , Reyes Y. , González R. , Paula R. , Basto L. , Aranda D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis, turning sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) into rich biomass, precisely because of this definition in recent years, various sectors have been targeting the ability to reduce CO2 emissions and the capacity of simultaneously synthesize biomass which can later be used to produce bio-fuels. In respect to the capturing and utilization of CO2 emitted by different industries (cement, generation of electric energy, cellulose and ethanol production by fermentation of sugars) for the cultivation of microalgae destined to the production of bio-fuels, for example, biodiesel, ethanol or bio-oil. However, this research was developed in the Green Technologies Laboratory - Greentec / EQ / UFRJ, which focussed on the monitoring of CO2 consumption in microalgae Monoraphidium sp. cultivated in closed-window type photobioreactor, as well as, the characterization of the microalgal biomass produced in relation to the total lipid content (TL), convertible lipids into biodiesel (CLB), carbohydrates and proteins.The overall procedure involved the evaluation of the following parameters: injection of CO2, temperature (°C), lighting (μE m-2 s-1), pH, cell density (cells ml-1) and dry biomass. From the results of this study, it was observed that at the beginning of the culture (day 0) 0.79 g of CO2 were consumed per each gram of biomass produced. On the last day (12), 0.3 g of CO2 were consumed per gram of culture. On the sixth day of cultivation, the consumption of CO2 per gram of biomass increased, resulting in a CO2 consumption of 0.61 g. The best result was obtained on the second day of cultivation, when for each gram of biomass produced approximately 1.2 grams of CO2 were consumed. The biomass Monoraphidium sp. produced, contained 17,37 ± 3,27% of total lipid content, approximately 8.36 ± 2.69% of convertible lipids into biodiesel, 32% ± 3.37 of carbohydrates and 34.26% ± 0.41 of protein. The analysis performed by -GC-MS Gas chromatography showed the following composition of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) mainly the C16:0 (palmitic), as in monounsaturated acids (MUFAs), in high quantity C18:1 (oleic) and polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) mainly represented by C18:2 (Linoleic) and C18:3 (linolenic).
Mizellen, Bizellen und Nanoscheiben: Einfluss von membranimitierenden Umgebungen auf die Membranproteindynamik
Authors: Frey Lukas , Lakomek Nils‐Alexander , Riek Roland , Bibow Stefan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFür strukturelle und dynamische Untersuchungen von Membranproteinen werden heutzutage Tenside eingesetzt, in denen die strukturelle Integrität der Membranproteine meistens erhalten bleibt, ihre Funktionalität jedoch oft eingeschränkt wird. Diese Funktionalität kann in den meisten Fällen in einer Lipidumgebung wiederhergestellt werden. Hier zeigen wir mit Aminosäuren‐spezifischer Auflösung, dass OmpX eine stabile β‐Fass‐3D‐Struktur sowohl in DPC‐Tensidmizellen als auch in DHPC/DMPC‐Bizellen und DMPC‐Nanoscheiben bilden kann. Die Dynamiken dagegen unterscheiden sich stark im Piko/Nanosekunden‐ und im Mikro/Millisekundenbereich zwischen der Tensid‐ und Lipidumgebung. Vor allem in den β‐Strängen konnte eine hohe dynamische Variabilität für die Lipidumgebung festgestellt werden, die in der Tensidumgebung nicht vorhanden war. Dieses membranabhängige Verhalten könnte einen Zusammenhang für den häufig auftretenden Aktivitätsverlust von Membranproteinen in Gegenwart von Tensiden aufzeigen.
Targeting Cancer with PCPA‐Drug Conjugates: LSD1 Inhibition‐Triggered Release of 4‐Hydroxytamoxifen
Authors: Ota Yosuke , Itoh Yukihiro , Kaise Asako , Ohta Kiminori , Endo Yasuyuki , Masuda Mitsuharu , Sowa Yoshihiro , Sakai Toshiyuki , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTargeting cancer with small molecule prodrugs should help overcome problems associated with conventional cancer‐targeting methods. Herein, we focused on lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to trigger the controlled release of anticancer drugs in cancer cells, where LSD1 is highly expressed. Conjugates of the LSD1 inhibitor trans‐2‐phenylcyclopropylamine (PCPA) were used as novel prodrugs to selectively release anticancer drugs by LSD1 inhibition. As PCPA‐drug conjugate (PDC) prototypes, we designed PCPA‐tamoxifen conjugates 1 a and 1 b, which released 4‐hydroxytamoxifen in the presence of LSD1 in vitro. Furthermore, 1 a and 1 b inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells by the simultaneous inhibition of LSD1 and the estrogen receptor without exhibiting cytotoxicity toward normal cells. These results demonstrate that PDCs provide a useful prodrug method that may facilitate the selective release of drugs in cancer cells.
Tailoring Renal Clearance and Tumor Targeting of Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles with Particle Density
Authors: Tang Shaoheng , Peng Chuanqi , Xu Jing , Du Bujie , Wang Qingxiao , Vinluan Rodrigo D. , Yu Mengxiao , Kim Moon J. , Zheng Jie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdentifying key factors that govern the in vivo behavior of nanomaterials is critical to the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Overshadowed by size‐, shape‐, and surface‐chemistry effects, the impact of the particle core density on clearance and tumor targeting of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) remains largely unknown. By utilizing a class of ultrasmall metal NPs with the same size and surface chemistry but different densities, we found that the renal‐clearance efficiency exponentially increased in the early elimination phase while passive tumor targeting linearly decreased with a decrease in particle density. Moreover, lower‐density NPs are more easily distributed in the body and have shorter retention times in highly permeable organs than higher‐density NPs. The density‐dependent in vivo behavior of metal NPs likely results from their distinct margination in laminar blood flow, which opens up a new path for precise control of nanomedicines in vivo.
Imaging the Atomic Position of Light Cations in a Porous Network and the Europium(III) Ion Exchange Capability by Aberration‐Corrected Electron Microscopy
Authors: Mayoral Alvaro , Hall Reece M. , Jackowska Roksana , Readman Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present work, ETS‐10 microporous titanosilicate has been synthesized and its structure characterized by means of powder XRD and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs‐corrected STEM). For the first time, sodium ions have been imaged sitting inside the 7‐membered rings. The ion‐exchange capability has been tested by the inclusion of rare earth metals (Eu, Tb and Gd) to produce a luminescent material which has been studied by atomic‐resolution Cs‐corrected STEM. The data produced has allowed unambiguous imaging of light atoms in a microporous framework as well as determining the cationic metal positions for the first time, providing evidence of the importance of advanced electron microscopy methods for the study of the local environment of metals within zeolitic supports providing unique information of both systems (guest and support) at the same time.
Controlled Retention and Release of Biomolecular Transport Systems Using Shape‐Changing Polymer Bilayers
Authors: Stoychev Georgi , Reuther Cordula , Diez Stefan , Ionov Leonid 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBiomolecular transport systems based on cytoskeletal filaments and motor proteins have become promising tools for a wide range of nanotechnological applications. In this paper, we report control of such transport systems using substrates with switchable shape. We demonstrate this approach on the example of microtubules gliding on surfaces of self‐folding polymer bilayers with adsorbed kinesin motors. The polymer bilayers are able to undergo reversible transitions between flat and tube‐like shapes that allow the externally controlled retention and release of gliding microtubules. The demonstrated approach, based on surfaces with reconfigurable topography, opens broad perspectives to control biomolecular transport systems for bioanalytical and sensing applications, as well as for the construction of subcellular compartments in the field of synthetic biology.
The Association of Forefoot Varus Deformity with Patellofemoral Cartilage Damage in Older Adult Cadavers
Authors: Lufler Rebecca S. , Stefanik Joshua J. , Niu Jingbo , Sawyer F. Kip , Hoagland Todd M. , Gross K. Douglas 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTForefoot alignment may contribute to patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA) via its influence on the closed chain kinematics of the lower limb. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to investigate the relationship between forefoot varus and ipsilateral cartilage damage in the medial and lateral PFJ. Forefoot alignment measurements were obtained from the feet of 25 cadavers (n = 50). Cartilage damage in the medial and lateral PFJ of each knee was scored using the Outerbridge scale. The relative odds of medial and lateral PFJ cartilage damage in limbs with forefoot varus and valgus were determined using logistic regression. The relationship between increasing varus alignment and increasing odds of medial and lateral PFJ cartilage damage was assessed. Of the 51% of limbs with forefoot varus, 91.3% had medial, and 78.3% had lateral PFJ cartilage damage, compared with 54.6% and 68.2% of those with forefoot valgus. The former also had 3.0 times (95% CI 1.2, 7.7) the odds of medial PFJ damage; no association was found with lateral damage (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.7, 3.0). Feet in the highest tertile of varus alignment had 3.9 times (95% CI 10, 15.3, P = 0.058) the odds of medial PFJ damage as those in the lowest tertile. The results of this study suggest a relationship between forefoot varus and medial PFJ cartilage damage in older adults. As forefoot varus may be modified with foot orthoses, these findings indicate a potential role for orthoses in the treatment of medial PFJ OA. Anat Rec, 300:1032–1038, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Lycopene and Rosmarinic Acid on Gentamicin Induced Renal Cortical Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Adult Male Albino Rat
Authors: Bayomy Naglaa A. , Elbakary Reda H. , Ibrahim Marwa A. A. , Abdelaziz Eman Z. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGentamicin nephrotoxicity accounts for 10%–15% of all cases of acute renal failure. Several natural antioxidants were found to be effective against drug‐induced toxicity. The possible protective effects of lycopene (Lyc) and rosmarinic acid (RA) alone or combined on gentamicin (Gen) induced renal cortical oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated. Sixty‐three rats were randomly divided into seven groups named: control, group II received RA 50 mg/kg/day, group III received Lyc 4 mg/kg/day, group IV received Gen 100 mg/kg/day, group V (RA + Gen), group VI (Lyc + Gen), and group VII (RA + Lyc + Gen). At the end of the experiment, kidney functions were estimated then the kidneys were sampled for histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical studies. Administration of rosmarinic acid and lycopene decreased elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal malondialdehyde and immunoexpression of the proapoptotic protein (Bax), autophagic marker protein (LC3/B), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by gentamicin. They increased reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and immunoexpression of the antiapoptotic protein (Bcl2). They also improved the histopathological changes induced by gentamicin. The combination therapy of rosmarinic acid and lycopene shows better protective effects than the corresponding monotherapy. Anat Rec, 300:1137–1149, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective reduction in the expression of UGTs and SULTs, a novel mechanism by which piperine enhances the bioavailability of curcumin in rat
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Cai Dake , Zeng Qiaohuang , Chen Zhao , Zhong Guoping , Zhuo Juncheng , Gan Haining , Huang Xuejun , Zhao Ziming , Yao Nan , Huang Dane , Zhang Chengzhe , Sun Dongmei , Chen Yuxing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCurcumin (CUR) is known to exert numerous health‐promoting effects in pharmacological studies, but its low bioavailability hinders the development of curcumin as a feasible therapeutic agent. Piperine (PIP) has been reported to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In an attempt to find the mechanism by which piperine enhances the bioavailability of curcumin, the dosage ratio (CUR: PIP) and pre‐treatment with piperine were hypothesized as key factors for improving the bioavailability in this combination. Therefore, combining curcumin with piperine at various dose ratios (1:1 to 100:1) and pre‐dosing with piperine (0.5–8 h prior to curcumin) were designed to investigate their contributions to the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin in rats and their effects on the expression of UGT and SULT isoforms. It was shown that the Cmax and AUC0‐t of curcumin were slightly increased by 1.29 and 1.67 fold at a ratio of 20:1, while curcumin exposure was enhanced significantly in all the piperine pre‐treated rats (0.5–8 h), peaking at 6 h (a 6.09‐fold and 5.97‐fold increase in Cmax and AUC0‐t, p < 0.01), regardless of the unchanged t1/2 and Tmax. Also observed was a time‐dependent inhibition of the hepatic expression of UGT1A6, 1A8, SULT1A1, 1A3, and the colonic expression of UGT1A6 that occurred within 6 h of piperine pre‐treatment but was reversed at 8 h, which correlated with the changes in curcumin exposure. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of piperine on most of the UGTs and SULTs are time‐dependent in Caco‐2 and HepG2 cells. It is concluded that piperine pre‐treatment time‐dependently improves the bioavailability of curcumin through the reversible and selective inhibition of UGTs and SULTs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The high expression instead of mutation of p53 is predictive of overall survival in patients with esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Ziran , Wang Pan , Gao Yibo , He Jie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEsophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers where biomarkers are needed for assist guiding management. We performed a meta‐analysis to clarify the prognostic value of p53 high expression and TP53 mutations, which remain controversial for decades in patients with ESCC. We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Current Contents Connect to identify studies published between January 1990 and February 2016 of esophageal cancer populations that measured p53 expression and/or mutation status and reported hazard ratios (HRs), or adequate data for estimation of HRs for survival for p53‐defined subgroups. We calculated pooled HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random‐effects model. A total of 56 eligible studies including 6537 patients were identified. The p53 high expression was associated with reduced survival (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.21–1.50, I2 = 42%). In subgroup analyses, a greater prognostic effect was observed in those studies that reported survival for pure ESCC cohorts and were assessed at low risk of bias (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29–1.65, I2 = 8%). Patients with ESCC and p53 high expression have reduced overall survival, and this effect is independent of tumor stage and greater than that of TP53 mutations.
Populating virtual cities using social media
Authors: Bulbul Abdullah , Dahyot Rozenn 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe propose to automatically populate geo‐located virtual cities by harvesting and analyzing online contents shared on social networks and websites. We show how pose and motion paths of agents can be realistically rendered using information gathered from social media. 3D cities are automatically generated using open‐source information available online. To provide our final rendering of both static and dynamic urban scenes, we use Unreal game engine.
Alternative Mechanistic Strategy for Enzyme Catalysis in a Ni‐Dependent Lactate Racemase (LarA): Intermediate Destabilization by the Cofactor
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong , Chung Lung W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecently, a lactate racemase was discovered as a new Ni‐dependent enzyme with a unique tethered NAD‐like cofactor. We report the first computational study aimed at deciphering the previously unclear role of the Ni‐tethered cofactor in reactions of the lactate racemase. Our calculations revealed that the cofactor increases the dehydrogenation barriers. The formation of a metastable NADH‐like pyruvate intermediate and two nearby histidine bases are proposed as the key factors in the racemization reaction. Such destabilization of intermediates by the cofactor is uncommon in enzymatic catalysis. This result provides new insight into the design of a reactive metal‐tethered NADH‐like complex for synthetic hydrogenations.