bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Milk Yield and Quality During Lactation in Polish Red and White-Backed Cows Included in the Genetic Resources Conservation Programme in Comparison with the Simmental Breed
Authors: Litwińczuk Zygmunt , Barłowska Joanna , Matwijczuk Alicja , Słomiany Jan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Milk yield and quality was assessed in cows raised on low-input farms (traditional feeding), i.e. two breeds covered by genetic resources conservation (RP and BG) and the SM breed. The reference group was PHF HO cows from an intensive milk production system (PMR feeding). A total of 1,212 milk samples were collected from three periods of lactation: I (up to 120 days), II (121–200) and II (over 200). The milk was analysed for content of fat, protein, casein, lactose, dry matter, non-fat dry matter and the protein-to-fat ratio, coagulation time, heat stability and the percentage of fat globules in different size ranges. Fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were determined in a representative number of 180 milk samples. Daily yield in the native breeds in the third phase of lactation was 9.6 and 8.7 kg, which was slightly over 55% of their yield in phase I, compared to 66% in the SM and 73.4% in the reference group (PHF HO). The increase in fat and protein (including casein) in the milk during lactation was much higher in the native breeds, so its energy value in phase II of lactation was 11% higher in the BG cows and 9% higher in RP, but only 4% higher in the SM with regard to phase I of lactation. The milk fat from the Polish Red cows had the highest proportion of PUFA in each phase of lactation, including CLA, and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio. Over the course of lactation the percentage of large fat globules in the milk decreased, particularly in the native breeds (P≤0.01), while in the SM the differences were much smaller and statistically insignificant. Lactation persistency in both native breeds raised in a low-input system was worse than in the SM, but the increase in basic components during lactation was markedly higher, while that of cholesterol was lower.
The Effectiveness of the Use of Oregano and Laurel Essential Oils in Chicken Feeding
Authors: Giannenas Ilias , Tzora Athina , Sarakatsianos Ioannis , Karamoutsios Achilleas , Skoufos Stylianos , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Anastasiou Ioannis , Skoufos Ioannis 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of essential oils of oregano, laurel and their combination on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal morphology as replacers of antibiotic growth promoters, as well as on the antioxidant capacity and mineral content of breast and thigh meat. A total of 256 day-old broiler chickens were randomized into 4 groups with 4 replicates. Control group received a basal corn-soybean diet, whereas the other experimental groups received the basal diet plus 25 mg/kg oregano essential oil, 2.5 mg/kg laurel essential oil or their combination, respectively. Chickens had free access to water and feed. Body weight gain and feed to gain ratio was calculated for the total fattening period and mortality was daily recorded. Intestinal microbiota was enumerated by conventional techniques with selective agar media at the end of the trial at both ileum and caecum. Also, evaluation of intestinal morphology was carried out in small intestine and caecum. At the end of the trial, birds were slaughtered, their carcasses were processed and samples of breast and thigh meat were analyzed for moisture, fat and protein content. Total phenolic content was determined in feeds and breast and thigh meat in order to assess its antioxidant capacity. Mineral content of breast and thigh meat was evaluated by ICP-MS. The results of the trial showed that the group that received oregano or the mixture of oregano and laurel presented better BW and FCR and mortality compared to control group. Bacterial counts for the Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria were higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group at both ileum and caecum, and total coliforms were lower in caecum in the experimental groups compared to control. Higher values for villus height were found for the oregano supplemented groups compared to control or laurel ones. Oregano supplemented groups showed higher antioxidant capacity of breast and thigh meat compared to control and laurel groups, however no changes in mineral content were noted among the different groups. In conclusion, oregano essential oil alone or as a mixture with laurel essential oil can be used to improve growth performance and gut health in broiler chickens.
Novel Membrane Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons: A Review
Authors: Lu Ningning , Xie Donglai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMembrane reactors are attracting increasing attention for ultrapure hydrogen production from fossil fuel, integrating catalytic reaction and separation processes into one single unit thus can realize the removal of hydrogen or introduction of reactantin situ, which removes the thermodynamic bottleneck and improves hydrogen yield and selectivity. In this review, the state-of-the-art concepts for hydrogen production through membrane reactors are introduced, mainly including fixed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-channel membrane reactors, referring higher hydrocarbons as feedstock, such as ethanol, propane, or heptane; novel heating methods, like solar energy realized through molten salt; new modular designs, including panel and tubular configurations; ultra-compact micro-channel designs; carbon dioxide capture with chemical looping; multifuel processors for liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons; etc. Recent developments and commercialization hurdles for each type of membrane reactor are summarized. Modeling the reactor is fundamental to explore complex hydrodynamics in reactor systems, meaningful to investigate the effects of some important operating factors on reactor performances. Researches for reactor modeling are also discussed. Reaction kinetics for hydrocarbons reforming and reactor hydrodynamics are summarized respectively. Cold model is introduced to investigate physical phenomena in reactors.
Assessment of paediatric pain: a critical review
Authors: Manocha Sachin , Taneja Navneet 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Pain is a complex experience, and its quantification involves many aspects including physiological, behavioural, and psychological factors. References related to the topic were selected and analysed, along with a PubMed search of the recent and earlier reports. Assessment of pain in infants and children has always been a dilemma for the clinicians. Unlike in adults, it is difficult to assess and effectively treat pain in paediatric age groups, and it often remains untreated or undertreated. Misperceptions are attributed not only to the difficulties in isolating the specific signs of pain but also in recognising and inferring the meaning of the cues available in the complex of individual differences in the reaction pattern of children to pain. In children, several parameters such as age, cognitive level, type of pain, etc. are required to be considered for the selection of appropriate pain assessment tools. Although considerable progress has been made, there is a critical need for a more accurate measurement tool for both research and clinical purposes. This review has critically analysed the various techniques available to assess pain in children with emphasis on current research and present-day status of paediatric pain assessment.
Tick Population in Goats and Sheep in Šabac
Authors: Pavlović Ivan , Ivanović Snežana , Dimitrić Aleksandar , Vegara Mensur , Vasić Ana , Živković Slavica , Mijatović Bojana 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
During our examination performed in the period from 2010 to 2012, we collected ticks from 52 flocks of sheep and 38 goat flocks. Ticks infestation occured in 15.97% (214/1340) of sheep and 16.93% (107/632) of goats. The result showed the presence of Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. bursa, Dermacentor marginatus, D. pictus, Haemaphysalis punctata and Ha. inermis. Additional to determination of tick species during the research, the sex ratio and the monthly influence of microclimate conditions (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation quantity) on the dynamics of populations of ticks were followed. Obtained results indicate the importance of the impact of climatic factors on the population dynamics of some species of ticks as well as the dynamics and abundance of different sexes within established species of ticks.
Special quasirandom structures: A selection approach for stochastic homogenization
Authors: Le Bris Claude , Legoll Frédéric , Minvielle William 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe adapt and study a variance reduction approach for the homogenization of elliptic equations in divergence form. The approach, borrowed from atomistic simulations and solid-state science [23], [24], [25], consists in selecting random realizations that best satisfy some statistical properties (such as the volume fraction of each phase in a composite material) usually only obtained asymptotically. We study the approach theoretically in some simplified settings (one-dimensional setting, perturbative setting in higher dimensions), and numerically demonstrate its efficiency in more general cases.
Counter Terrorism in the 21st Century and the Role of the European Union
Authors: Bonansinga Donatella 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Terrorism is designed, as it has always been, to have profound psychological repercussions on a target audience and to undermine confidence in government and leadership. Nevertheless, after the 9/11 attacks, it is possible to claim that terrorism has changed and the European Union’s response, along with the world one, has also changed. By means of discursive analysis, this paper aims at exploring the complexity of the new threats that terrorism poses to the globalised world by combining 21st century technologies with the most extreme reading and vision of the clash of civilisation. The analysis will then proceed with an assessment of the change of approach that has guided EU action in the aftermath of 9/11 and with a critical examination of the issue of global actorness.
The Rules on Political Parties in Romania Under Comparative Scrutiny
Authors: Carp Radu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article is based on two premises. First, the requirements for establishing political parties in Romania are the most restrictive in Europe. When a party has succeeded to register and took a non-ideological position, the electoral participation slightly increased. If the requirements for registering political parties were relaxed, new parties could emerge while greater participation to the elections is under question. The current legal procedure for registering political parties is contrary to Article 40 of the Constitution (the right to association) and the requirement according to which a political party wishing to participate in parliamentary elections must make a deposit is contrary to Article 37 of the Constitution (the right to be elected). Proving the validity of these premises leads to the necessity of changing the current normative framework in the sense of relaxing the requirements for the registration of political parties. This change may be accomplished by a draft law (which is already registered in the parliament) or by the intervention of the Constitutional Court.
Progress on sorption-enhanced reaction process for hydrogen production
Authors: Wu Yi-Jiang , Li Ping , Yu Jian-Guo , Cunha Adelino F. , Rodrigues Alirio E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConcerns about the environment and fossil fuel depletion led to the concept of “hydrogen economy”, where hydrogen is used as an energy carrier. Nowadays, hydrogen is mostly produced from fossil fuel resources by natural gas reforming, coal gasification, as well as the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction involved in these processes. Alternatively, bioethanol, glucose, glycerol, bio-oil, and other renewable biomass-derived feedstocks can also be employed for hydrogen production via steam reforming process. The combination of steam reforming and/or WGS reaction with
Moving Towards Integrated Policy Formulation and Evaluation: The Green Economy Model
Authors: Bassi Andrea M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The mainstreaming of concepts related to the Green Economy, an action-oriented approach to reach sustainable development, has increased demands for integrated models that can shed light on the complex relations existing across social, economic and environmental indicators. A gap exists, whereby our thinking is rapidly evolving, but the tools available are still in the vast majority of cases sectorial, leading to planning processes taking place in silos. To avoid the emergence of side effects, and anticipate future threats and opportunities, a more systemic approach is needed. The Green Economy Model (GEM) was created taking into account four main capitals and their interconnections: physical capital, human capital, social capital and natural capital. The application of GEM in 10 countries has shown its capability to coherently represent reality and generate results that can more effectively inform decision making.
Mineralogy and chemical composition of technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from fly ash and bottom ash from selected thermal power stations in Poland
Authors: Uzarowicz Łukasz , Zagórski Zbigniew 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the mineral and chemical composition of technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from fly ash and bottom ash from power plants in which bituminous coal and lignite was combusted. The mineral composition of the “fresh” wastes (i.e. fly ash and bottom ash) and soil samples derived from them was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition (content of major elements) was determined using ICP-AES method. Quartz, mullite, and amorphous substances (glass) predominated in the mineral composition of wastes after bituminous coal combustion. Magnetite was also found there. Soils developed from wastes after bituminous coal combustion contained all above mentioned minerals inherited from fly ash and bottom ash. Moreover, small amounts of secondary calcite were identified. In some soil horizons containing large amounts of inherited magnetite, secondary iron oxides and oxyhydroxides (goethite and lepidocrocite) also occurred. Quartz predominated in the mineral composition of the “fresh” wastes after lignite combustion. Relatively small amounts of iron oxides (magnetite and hematite) were also found there. In “fresh” fly ash, apart from minerals mentioned above, anhydrite and calcium oxide (lime) was identified. Soils developed from wastes after lignite combustion contained inherited quartz, magnetite, and hematite. Furthermore, calcite which sometimes was a predominating mineral in certain soil horizons occurred. Moreover, sulphates (gypsum, bassanite, and ettringite), and vaterite (a polymorph of Ca carbonate) were also found in soils. Silicon predominated among major elements in “fresh” ashes after bituminous coal combustion and soil derived from them followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, Na, P, and Mn. On the other hand, the contents of major elements in the samples (ashes and soils) after lignite combustion can be arranged as follows: Si, Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, K, Mn, Na, and P. However, in some horizons (i.e. in calcareous materials deposited in the topsoil of some profiles) in soil developed on landfills near TPSs combusting lignite, Ca was a predominating element.
On the origin of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity
Authors: Laurentino Sandra , Borgmann Jennifer , Gromoll Jörg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe influence of epigenetic modifications on reproduction and on the function of male germ cells has been thoroughly demonstrated. In particular, aberrant DNA methylation levels in sperm have been associated with abnormal sperm parameters, lower fertilization rates and impaired embryo development. Recent reports have indicated that human sperm might be epigenetically heterogeneous and that abnormal DNA methylation levels found in the sperm of infertile men could be due to the presence of sperm populations with different epigenetic quality. However, the origin and the contribution of different germ cell types to this suspected heterogeneity remain unclear. In this review, we focus on sperm epigenetics at the DNA methylation level and its importance in reproduction. We take into account the latest developments and hypotheses concerning the functional significance of epigenetic heterogeneity coming from the field of stem cell and cancer biology and discuss the potential importance and consequences of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity for reproduction, male (in)fertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Based on the current information, we propose a model in which spermatogonial stem cell variability, either intrinsic or due to external factors (such as endocrine action and environmental stimuli), can lead to epigenetic sperm heterogeneity, sperm epimutations and male infertility. The elucidation of the precise causes for epimutations, the conception of adequate therapeutic options and the development of sperm selection technologies based on epigenetic quality should be regarded as crucial to the improvement of ART outcome in the near future.
Local Treatment with Adjuvant Therapy for Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumors in the Long Bones
Authors: Dierselhuis Edwin F. , Gerbers Jasper G. , Ploegmakers Joris J.W. , Stevens Martin , Suurmeijer Albert J.H. , Jutte Paul C. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
A central atypical cartilaginous tumor (ACT)—formerly known as chondrosarcoma grade 1 (CS1)—is a tumor of intermediate-type malignancy, often treated with surgery. The extent of surgery remains controversial, as some advocate resection and others favor local treatment by curettage. Because of the low prevalence of ACT/CS1, the available data are limited and generally not uniform. The purpose of this study was to present the outcome for a large cohort of patients with ACT/CS1 in the long bones who were treated with curettage and adjuvant phenolization and followed for a minimum of two years according to national guidelines.

Methods:
A retrospective study was designed to analyze data from 108 patients treated for central ACT/CS1 in the long bones between 2006 and 2012. All patients were treated with curettage and adjuvant phenolization, and defects were filled with polymethylmethacrylate, bone graft, or bone substitutes. The primary end point was local recurrence or residual tumor. Secondary end points included the type and rate of complications and reoperations.

Results:
All patients were free from local recurrence at a mean follow-up of 48.7 months (range, 24.3 to 97.5 months). Residual tumor was suspected in five patients, leading to a 95.4% disease-free survival rate. A fracture occurred in eleven patients (10.2%). Other complications were osseous penetration during the surgery (two patients), wound infection (one patient), arthrofibrosis (one patient), and skin necrosis (one patient). Tumor volume was related neither to the risk of fracture nor to the occurrence of residual tumor.

Conclusions:
In our experience, curettage of ACT/CS1 in the long bones with adjuvant phenolization is safe, even with large tumors of up to 100 cm3. Most worrisome is the risk of fracture, which occurred in 10.2% of our patients. Considering the relatively mild behavior of ACT/CS1, less aggressive treatment, by observation or by minimally invasive surgery, could be the next step that should be evaluated prospectively.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Total Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes
Authors: Hogan Craig , Bucknell Allan L. , King Karen B. 
Published: February 2016

➢ Diabetes has negative effects on the outcomes of total joint arthroplasty, including increased numbers of complications, decreased function, early revision, and higher costs.➢ The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide; therefore, the orthopaedic surgeon should have an understanding of how diabetes affects surgical outcomes.
Hydrops associated with chondrodysplasia of the fetus in a miniature Scottish Highland cow
Authors: Catalina Cabrera L. , McNabb Bret R. , Woods Sarah E. , Cartoceti Andrew N. , Busch Rosie C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old primiparous miniature Scottish Highland cow with an unknown breeding date was evaluated for suspected hydrops.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonographic examination identified a large amount of hypoechoic fluid within an enlarged uterus; the fetus could not be identified. Presence of a severely distended uterus and concerns regarding associated health risks to the cow led to the decision to induce labor. Although fluids were expelled, parturition did not progress further over the following 48 hours. Vaginal examination revealed a partially dilated cervix and an abnormally shaped fetus that was too large to pass vaginally.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Supportive care was provided to the cow, and a stillborn bull calf was delivered by cesarean section. Grossly evident chondrodystrophic dwarfism with hydrocephalus, compatible with so-called bulldog calf malformations, was confirmed by diagnostic imaging and histopathologic evaluation. The cow recovered from surgery uneventfully and was discharged from the hospital the following day. Genetic analysis of DNA from hair roots collected from the sire and dam confirmed both were carriers of an aggrecan-1 gene mutation (bulldog dwarfism1) previously associated with dwarfism and bulldog calf malformations in Dexter cattle.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bulldog calf malformations associated with an aggrecan-1 gene mutation in miniature Scottish Highland cattle, confirming that at least 1 genetic mutation associated with this condition is found in cattle breeds other than Dexter. The findings highlighted the clinical importance of testing for known genetic diseases in breeding cattle, particularly among miniature breeds.