bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 7‐yr spatial time series resolves the island mass effect and associated shifts in picocyanobacteria abundances near O'ahu, Hawai'i
Authors: Comfort Christina M. , Ostrander Chris , Nelson Craig E. , Karl David M. , McManus Margaret A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIslands in oligotrophic oceans act as local sources of nutrients. These nutrients originate from land and from deep oceanic nutrients introduced to the photic zone by tides, currents, and internal waves interacting with island bathymetry. These processes create the island mass effect (IME), in which increased chlorophyll a (Chl a) is found near islands compared to oceanic waters. The IME has been described via satellite observations, but the effects on phytoplankton community structure are not well documented. From 2013 to 2020, chlorophyll, nutrient, and picoplankton samples were collected from multiple depths on quarterly cruises at two sites south of O'ahu, Hawai'i. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated using flow cytometry. We compared nearshore results to Sta. ALOHA, 100 km from O'ahu. Consistent with the expected IME, Chl a concentrations were significantly enhanced at both nearshore sites compared to Sta. ALOHA. Prochlorococcus concentrations increased with greater distance from shore, particularly below 50 m; mixed layer concentrations of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes significantly decreased with greater distance from shore, as did concentrations of nitrate and phosphate below the mixed layer. Heterotrophic bacteria concentrations did not show a spatial trend. Carbon‐based biomass estimates of the picoplankton population indicated that the IME‐associated Chl a increases near the island are likely driven by larger phytoplankton classes. This study describes the IME‐associated shift in the picophytoplankton community distribution, which has implications for nutrient cycling, food web dynamics and fisheries in oligotrophic island ecosystems, and adds to the understanding of spatial heterogeneity in carbon fixation in the ocean.
Tailoring Arrays of Optical Stokes Skyrmions in Tightly Focused Beams
Authors: Ma Jia , Xie Zhenwei , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSkyrmions, topologically stable quasiparticles with complex vector textures, have been extensively studied across various fields. Their presence in optics has only recently been observed. Optical skyrmions can be generated using various 3D vector fields, including electric fields, spin angular momentum, and Stokes vectors. In this study, a method is proposed for creating customized arrangements of tightly focused optical Stokes skyrmions on the focal plane. Both simulations and experiments confirm that distinct focused fields can be achieved by adjusting the phase of the incident vector beam, resulting in formations of arbitrary arrays of Stokes skyrmions. These tailored fields, characterized by multiple Stokes skyrmions and their topological stability, offer promising potential for applications in information processing, transfer, and storage.
Data‐Driven Discovery for Robust Optimization of Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers
Authors: Church Stephen A. , Vitale Francesco , Gopakumar Aswani , Gagrani Nikita , Zhang Yunyan , Jiang Nian , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Liu Huiyun , Joyce Hannah , Ronning Carsten , Parkinson Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActive wavelength‐scale optoelectronic components are widely used in photonic integrated circuitry, however coherent sources of light – namely optical lasers – remain the most challenging component to integrate. Semiconductor nanowire lasers (NWLs) represent a flexible class of light source where each nanowire (NW) is both gain material and cavity; however, strong coupling between these properties and the performance leads to inhomogeneity across the population. While this has been studied and optimized for individual material systems, no architecture‐wide insight is available. Here, nine NWL material systems are studied and compared using 55,516 NWLs to provide statistically robust insight into performance. These results demonstrate that, while it may be important to optimize internal quantum efficiency for certain materials, cavity effects are always critical. The study provides a roadmap to optimize the performance of NWLs made from any material: this can be achieved by ensuring a narrow spread of lengths and end‐facet reflectivities.
Variations in Packing as a Function of Side Chains in Random Copolymers and its Impact on Charge Carrier Mobility
Authors: Swain Gitanjali , Kumar Subramani , Samudre Nikhil S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHomopolymers and alternating copolymers of conjugated molecules exhibit impressive performance in electronic devices. Despite the well‐established procedures, the synthesis of alternating copolymers using three monomers is not as easy as random copolymers. Besides facile synthesis, the random copolymers can match the performance of alternating copolymers in electronic devices. Herein, random copolymers are designed and synthesized comprising thienoisoindigo (TIIG), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), and thiophene. The DPP monomers installed with various side chains including branched alkyl chain, branched alkyl chain with ester functionality, linear oligo ethylene glycol, and siloxane terminated alkyl chain are incorporated into the polymers (P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively). All the thermally stable, low bandgap random copolymers exhibited strong H‐type aggregation in thin film. The relationship between thin film microstructure originating from diverse side chains and the charge transport in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is investigated. All the random copolymers exhibited predominantly p‐type charge transport and a maximum hole mobility of 2 × 10−2 cm2 V−1s−1 is observed for P3. The packing of all the polymers is examined theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) and compared with experimental values obtained from grazing incident X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD).
Soluble Polyimide Coated UHMWPE Fibers with Multiple Property Enhancements: Surface Activity, Tensile Strength, Heat Resistance, Acid Resistance, and Erasability
Authors: Yin Lijie , Li Wei , Lu Yichen , He Liang , Tian Ming , Ning Nanying , Wang Wencai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUltrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers possess excellent mechanical properties, yet their applications are severely limited by surface inertness and low melting points. To enhance surface activity and temperature resistance, soluble polyimide (PI) is applied to the surface of UHMWPE fibers. A mussel‐inspired biomimetic polycatechol/polyamine (PA) coating is initially constructed on the UHMWPE fiber surface by oxidative self‐polymerization, serving as a secondary reaction platform. Subsequently, multifunctional UHMWPE‐PA‐PI fibers are prepared by depositing soluble PI on the fiber surface via impregnation. The PA and PI layers are firmly bonded by hydrogen bonding interactions and physical adhesion. The results show that the PI‐coated UHMWPE fiber surface exhibits enhanced chemical activity, hydrophilicity, and thermal stability, with an increased thermal decomposition temperature of approximately 30 °C. Compared to pristine UHMWPE, the breaking force of UHMWPE‐PA‐PI fibers increases by 14.9%, and the interfacial adhesion strength between the fiber and rubber improves by 65.5%. The PI coatings also provide thermal insulation, acid resistance, and erasability functionalities. This modification strategy is highly efficient, simple, and less damaging, offering a novel solution to address UHMWPE fibers' surface inertness and temperature intolerance.
Humulus lupulus L.: Evaluation of Phytochemical Profile and Activation of Bitter Taste Receptors to Regulate Appetite and Satiety in Intestinal Secretin Tumor Cell Line (STC‐1 Cells)
Authors: Lela Ludovica , Carlucci Vittorio , Kioussi Chrissa , Choi Jaewoo , Stevens Jan F. , Milella Luigi , Russo Daniela 
Published: October 2024

ScopeInflorescences of the female hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) contain biologically active compounds, most of which have a bitter taste. Given the rising global obesity rates, there is much increasing interest in bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). Intestinal TAS2Rs can have beneficial effects on obesity when activated by bitter agonists. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of a hydroalcoholic hop extract in promoting hormone secretion that reduces the sense of hunger at the intestinal level through the interaction with TAS2Rs.Methods and resultsThe results demonstrate that the hop extract is a rich source of bitter compounds (mainly α‐, β‐acids) that stimulate the secretion of anorexigenic peptides (glucagon‐like peptide 1 [GLP‐1], cholecystokinin [CCK]) in a calcium‐dependent manner while reducing levels of hunger‐related hormones like ghrelin. This effect is mediated through interaction with TAS2Rs, particularly Tas2r138 and Tas2r120, and through the activation of downstream signaling cascades. Knockdown of these receptors using siRNA transfection and inhibition of Trpm5, Plcβ‐2, and other calcium channels significantly reduces the hop‐induced calcium response as well as GLP‐1 and CCK secretion.ConclusionsThis study provides a potential application of H. lupulus extract for the formulation of food supplements with satiating activity capable of preventing or combating obesity.
Multi‐stage automatic and rapid ablation and needle trajectory planning method for CT‐guided percutaneous liver tumor ablation
Authors: Li Shengwei , Zhou Fanyu , Zhang Yumeng , Xu Sheng , Wang Yufeng , Cheng Lin , Bie Zhixin , Li Bin , Li Xiao‐Guang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted planning methods have increasingly contributed to preoperative ablation planning; however, these methods cannot automatically obtain the final optimal solution within a short time and are rarely validated in practice, greatly limiting their clinical applicability.PurposeWe aimed to propose a full‐automatic multi‐stage ablation and needle trajectory planning method for CT‐guided percutaneous liver ablation to attain the final optimal plans under multiple clinical constraints rapidly.MethodsOur proposed method integrates the ablation zone planning fulfilling complete tumor coverage and critical structure avoidance while reaching a trade‐off between ablation number and healthy tissue damage, and needle trajectory planning under multiple clinical constraints. Our needle trajectory planning determines feasible skin entry regions based on hard constraints, where the multi‐objective optimization (MOO) considering soft constraints is performed using the Pareto Optimality and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods for the final optimal solution. The performance of our proposed method was evaluated on 30 tumors of various characteristics from 23 patients and clinically validated in five clinical cases.ResultsOur proposed method achieved 99.8% treatment zone coverage and 40.5% ablation efficiency without involving critical structures, and completely satisfied multiple clinical constraints in all needle trajectory planning results. The average planning time was 23.6 s for tumors of different sizes. All the plans were considered clinically acceptable by the doctors’ evaluation. Our method achieved complete tumor coverage without complications in clinical case validation.ConclusionOur proposed planning method can generate a final optimal plan satisfying multiple clinical constraints within a short time, potentially facilitating preoperative planning for hepatic tumor ablation.
Rapid and quantitative CEST‐MRI sequence using water presaturation
Authors: Chen Wenxuan , Chen Zhensen , Ma Lele , Wang Yi , Song Xiaolei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeDespite the significant potential for in vivo metabolic imaging in preclinical and clinical applications, CEST MRI suffers from long scan time and inaccurate quantification. This study aims to suppress the contaminations among signals under different frequencies, which could shorten the TR and thereby facilitate CEST imaging acceleration and quantification.MethodsA novel sequence is proposed by applying a water‐presaturation (WPS) module at the beginning of each TR. WPS CEST quickly knocks down the residual signal from previous TRs so that the magnetization of all TRs recovers from zero, which aligns well with the formula of quasi‐steady‐state theorem and enables accurate quantification within shorter TR. WPS CEST was assessed by simulations, creatine phantom, and healthy human brain scans at 3 T.ResultsIn simulation and phantom experiment, WPS CEST allows accurate estimation of exchange rate (ksw) using omega plot and using shorter delay time (Td) and saturation time (Ts) (e.g., 1 s/1 s) compared with the conventional CEST. Simulations further showed that WPS CEST could obtain consistent spin‐lock relaxation (R1ρ) values over varied Tds and Tss. Six human scans indicated that R1ρ collected from conventional sequences showed significant differences between two groups with Td and Ts of (1 s/1 s) and (2 s/2 s) (amide: 1.721 ± 0.051 s−1 vs. 1.622 ± 0.050 s−1, p = 0.001; nuclear Overhauser enhancement: 1.792 ± 0.046 s−1 vs. 1.687 ± 0.053 s−1, p = 0.004), whereas WPS CEST scans using these 2 Td/Ts values obtained the same mean R1ρ (amide: 1.616 ± 0.053 s−1 vs. 1.616 ± 0.048 s−1, p = 0.862; nuclear Overhauser enhancement: 1.688 ± 0.064 s−1 vs. 1.684 ± 0.054 s−1, p = 0.544).ConclusionWPS CEST demonstrated accurate quantitation within shorter TR compared with conventional sequences, and thereby may allow rapid quantitative CEST scans in various situations.
High on sparsity: Interbin compensation of cardiac motion for improved assessment of left‐ventricular function using 5D whole‐heart MRI
Authors: Yerly Jérôme , Roy Christopher W. , Milani Bastien , Eyre Katerina , Raifee Mozedin Javad , Stuber Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeCardiac magnetic resonance is the gold standard for evaluating left‐ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Standard protocols, however, can be inefficient, facing challenges due to significant operator and patient involvement. Although the free‐running framework (FRF) addresses these challenges, the potential of the extensive data it collects remains underutilized. Therefore, we propose to leverage the large amount of data collected by incorporating interbin cardiac motion compensation into FRF (FRF‐MC) to improve both image quality and LVEF measurement accuracy, while reducing the sensitivity to user‐defined regularization parameters.MethodsFRF‐MC consists of several steps: data acquisition, self‐gating signal extraction, deformation field estimations, and motion‐resolved reconstruction with interbin cardiac motion compensation. FRF‐MC was compared with the original 5D‐FRF method using LVEF and several image‐quality metrics. The cardiac regularization weight () was optimized for both methods by maximizing image quality without compromising LVEF measurement accuracy. Evaluations were performed in numerical simulations and in 9 healthy participants. In vivo images were assessed by blinded expert reviewers and compared with reference standard 2D‐cine images.ResultsBoth in silico and in vivo results revealed that FRF‐MC outperformed FRF in terms of image quality and LVEF accuracy. FRF‐MC reduced temporal blurring, preserving detailed anatomy even at higher cardiac regularization weights, and led to more accurate LVEF measurements. Optimized produced accurate LVEF for both methods compared with the 2D‐cine reference (FRF‐MC: 0.59% [−7.2%, 6.0%], p = 0.47; FRF: 0.86% [−8.5%, 6.7%], p = 0.36), but FRF‐MC resulted in superior image quality (FRF‐MC: 2.89 ± 0.58, FRF: 2.11 ± 0.47; p < 10−3).ConclusionIncorporating interbin cardiac motion compensation significantly improved image quality, supported higher cardiac regularization weights without compromising LVEF measurement accuracy, and reduced sensitivity to user‐defined regularization parameters.
Arbitrary Order Virtual Element Methods for High‐Order Phase‐Field Modeling of Dynamic Fracture
Authors: Leng Y. , Svolos L. , Boureima I. , Manzini G. , Plohr J. N. , Mourad H. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate modeling of fracture nucleation and propagation in brittle and ductile materials subjected to dynamic loading is important in predicting material damage and failure under extreme conditions. Phase‐field fracture models have garnered a lot of attention in recent years due to their success in representing damage and fracture processes in a wide class of materials and under a variety of loading conditions. Second‐order phase‐field fracture models are by far the most popular among researchers (and increasingly, among practitioners), but fourth‐order models have started to gain broader acceptance since their more recent introduction. The exact solution corresponding to these high‐order phase‐field fracture models has higher regularity. Thus, numerical solutions of the model equations can achieve improved accuracy and higher spatial convergence rates. In this work, we develop a virtual element framework for the high‐order phase‐field model of dynamic fracture. The virtual element method (VEM) can be regarded as a generalization of the classical finite element method. In addition to many other desirable characteristics, the VEM allows computing on polytopal meshes. Here, we use ‐conforming virtual elements and the generalized‐ time integration method for the momentum balance equation, and adopt ‐conforming virtual elements for the high‐order phase‐field equation. We verify our virtual element framework using classical quasi‐static benchmark problems and demonstrate its capabilities with the aid of numerical simulations of dynamic fracture in brittle materials.
The implementation of molecular tumor profiling in the practice of pediatric cancer pathology: The pathologists’ experience
Authors: Gestrich Catherine K. , Kreiger Portia , Surrey Lea , Besmer Sherri , Lopez‐Terrada Dolores , Church Alanna J. ,   the Society for Pediatric Pathology (SPP) Practice Committee
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increased accessibility and utilization of molecular testing including next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has impacted the practice of pediatric pathology, with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications for our patients. This survey is the first to describe the utilization of molecular testing in the routine practice of pediatric pathology for the care of children with known or suspected solid tumors.ProcedureThe Society for Pediatric Pathology Practice Committee distributed a survey to our membership asking 25 questions about training, practice setting, molecular ordering practices, and barriers to testing.ResultsSeventy‐five pathologists responded to the survey. The survey provides valuable insight into the current use of molecular testing for the care of children with known or suspected solid tumors. Most respondents reported that they are increasingly using a variety of molecular techniques, with increased use over time, and that NGS is useful.ConclusionsThese results highlight a variety of barriers to molecular testing, including cost, insurance coverage, turnaround time, limitations of available assays (including limited coverage of pediatric‐specific alterations), and difficulty in determining the most appropriate test to order. These data may be useful in supporting pediatric pathologists in their practice.
Investigation of the weld seam quality of particle filled polymers in the fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Beutelspacher Jonas , Elsner Christian Lennart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing process in which thermoplastic strands are deposited. Due to thermal fusion of the strands, the FFF can be characterized as a plastic welding process. The resulting weld seams are weak points in the component structure and, thus, determine the mechanical properties. Thereby, the weld seam quality is significantly influenced by the process temperatures. To estimate the mechanical properties, knowledge of the resulting weld seam quality is required. In the context of material development, the weld seam quality can also be used as a criterion for the basic evaluation of the processability. In the present study, the influence of particulate fillers on the weld seam quality of a thermoplastic polymer matrix is investigated. With regard to the material, the influences of the filler type and the filler volume fraction are considered. In terms of the process, the influence of the process temperatures on the weld seam quality is evaluated. The aim is the description of the resulting weld strength and the comparison to the base material strength by means of the welding factor. For this purpose, an existing method is applied and adapted with regard to process reliability and comparability.Highlights
Test plan is determined on the basis of a thermal analysis
Method adaptation enables faster and reliable specimen manufacturing
Higher process temperatures lead to higher weld seam strengths
Filled polymers show a significantly reduced weld seam strength
Relationship between filler content and weld seam strength is shown
Experimental characterization and numerical analysis of 3D woven preforms torsional deformation
Authors: Zhang Yifan , You Maowang , Guo Qiwei , Xie Junbo , Li Chao , Zhang Daijun , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Tianqi , Chen Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo clarify the torsional deformation performance of 3D angle‐interlock woven preforms, this paper aims to establish the relationship between the structural parameters and the torsional deformation performance of fabrics, examining the torsional deformation mechanism of fabrics. The torsional deformation properties of 3D angle‐interlock fabrics are first characterized by experimental methods, and the influence laws of typical structural parameters on the torsional deformation properties of fabrics are obtained. In continuing, a numerical model for 3D angle‐interlock fabric torsional deformation is established based on virtual fiber modeling technology. To demonstrate the accurateness of the newly developed model, its results are methodically compared with the macro‐ and micro‐morphology of fabric torsional deformation, and a reasonably good agreement between their results is attained. The characteristics of the “arc” and “diagonal” arrangement of yarns in the same column after torsional deformation are effectively employed to propose a quantitative analysis of the deviation degree of yarns. This analysis is essentially based on the variation coefficient index, which is commonly utilized to compare and analyze the variation laws of warp and weft cross‐sections at different torsion angles. This study holds scientific significance and engineering value for optimizing the design and enhancing the performance of composite blades.Highlights
Design the torsional deformation device of the preform.
The torsion Angle torque curve of the preform was tested.
The numerical simulation method of torsion deformation is established.
The microstructure deformation mechanism of the preform was analyzed.