bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes through breath volatile organic compound profiling using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Nicolier Cléo , Künzler Juri , Lizoain Aritz , Kerber Daniel , Hossmann Stefanie , Rothenbühler Martina , Laimer Markus , Witthauer Lilian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and glycaemic states in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on identifying specific VOCs as biomarkers for hypoglycaemia to offer a non‐invasive diabetes‐monitoring method.Materials and MethodsTen individuals with T1D underwent induced hypoglycaemia in a clinical setting. Breath samples, collected every 10‐15 minutes, were analysed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS). Correlation analysis and machine learning models, including Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) and Support Vector Machine classifiers, were used to classify glycaemic states based on VOC profiles.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed moderate correlations between specific VOCs (e.g. isoprene, acetone) and venous blood glucose levels. Machine learning models showed high accuracy in classifying glycaemic states, with the best performance achieved by a two‐class PLS‐DA model showing an accuracy of 93%, sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 94%. Key biomarkers identified included isoprene, acetone, 2‐butanone, methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol and 2‐pentanone.ConclusionsThis study shows the potential of breath VOCs to accurately classify glycaemic states in individuals with T1D. While key biomarkers such as isoprene, acetone and 2‐butanone were identified, the analysis emphasizes the importance of using overall VOC patterns rather than individual compounds, which can be markers for multiple conditions. Machine learning models leveraging these patterns achieved high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that breath analysis using GC‐IMS could be a viable non‐invasive method for monitoring glycaemic states and managing diabetes.
Increased sugarcane productivity and environmental improvement in acid sulfate soils: A win–win system
Authors: Quirk Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a sugarcane farming system on acid sulfate soils (ASS) in coastal, eastern Australia which has improved crop production, increased carbon sequestration, enhanced soil health and controlled drainage discharge to estuaries. The farming system has evolved as a collaboration between innovative sugarcane farmers, researchers and government agencies. The collaboration started when discharge from the farmed coastal floodplain ASS acidified an entire estuary in eastern Australia, wiping out all gilled and benthic organisms for 18 months. The event produced major conflicts between fishers, farmers, the community, entrained researchers and local and state governments. It led to a major initiative to develop sugarcane farming systems which enhanced environmental benefits and increased crop production. Such a win–win system has applicability to other locations with variable resource use conflicts. The system of cane land management adopted on the Tweed site is described.
Five decades' experience of long‐term soil monitoring, and key design principles, to assist the EU soil health mission
Authors: Robinson David A. , Bentley Laura , Jones Laurence , Feeney Chris , Garbutt Angus , Tandy Susan , Lebron Inma , Thomas Amy , Reinsch Sabine , Norton Lisa , Maskell Lindsay , Wood Claire , Henrys Pete , Jarvis Susan , Smart Simon , Keith Aidan , Seaton Fiona , Skates James , Higgins Suzanne , Giuffrè Giovanna , Emmett Bridget A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe European Union has a long‐term objective to achieve healthy soils by 2050. The European Commission has proposed a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law, SML), the first stage of which is to focus on setting up a soil monitoring framework and assessing soils throughout the EU. Situated in NW Europe, the UK has substantial experience in soil monitoring over the last half century which may usefully contribute to this wider EU effort. A set of overarching principles have and continue to guide design of national soil monitoring and may prove helpful as other European countries embark on similar monitoring programmes. Therefore, we present the principles of design from five decades of national soil monitoring. The monitoring discussed is based on a stratified‐random design, has matured in support of policy questions, and operates over space and time scales relevant to the SML. The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) Countryside Surveys (CS) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Welsh Government, Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring and Modelling Programme (ERAMMP) and the England Ecosystem Survey (EES) monitoring programme are national programmes currently operating in the UK. Some important lessons learnt include: adopting a question‐based approach; having a clear robust statistical design for the purpose; selecting indicators that address policy and underlying scientific questions; and selecting indicators that can detect change and use robust and well‐tested methodologies across a wide range of soil and land use types, remaining valid over long time scales, supporting thinking long‐term. Technical lessons learned include the proven cost effectiveness of a stratified‐random design including replication, while adopting a common stratification layer of stable environmental attributes aids comparability between monitoring programmes. Common protocols are vital for future intercomparisons, but a full ecosystem approach that includes co‐located soil and vegetation samples for interpreting a co‐evolving system has proved hugely advantageous. UK monitoring programmes offer a range of experience that may prove valuable to future soil monitoring design to address the major societal challenges of our time, such as maintaining food production and addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.
Excess health care use is significantly and persistently reduced following diagnosis of late‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Berglund Marta , Gonzalez‐Izquierdo Arturo , Denaxas Spiros , Lethebe B. Cord , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Engbers Jordan D. T. , Wiebe Samuel , Josephson Colin B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of late‐onset epilepsy (LOE) is rising, and these patients may use an excess of health care resources. This study aimed to measure pre‐/post‐diagnostic health care use (HCU) for patients with LOE compared to controls.MethodsThis was an observational open cohort study covering years 1998–2019 using UK population‐based linked primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]) and hospital (HES) electronic health records. The participants included patients with incident LOE enrolled in CPRD and 1:10 age‐, sex‐, and general practice–matched controls. The exposure was incident LOE (diagnosed at age ≥65) using a 5‐year washout. The main outcome was all HCU (primary care [PC], accident and emergency [A&E], admitted patient and outpatient care) using inverse proportional weighting to PC use and HCU by setting. An interrupted time‐series analysis was used to examine pre‐/post‐diagnostic HCU between patients with LOE and controls over 4 years either side of diagnosis/matching date. An adjusted mixed‐effects negative binomial regression was used for post‐diagnosis HCU interactions.ResultsOf 2 569 874 people ≥65 years of age, 1048 (4%) developed incident LOE. Mean weighted total HCU increased by 32 visits per patient‐year (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 13–50, p = .003) until LOE diagnosis, and then dropped by a mean of 60 visits per patient‐year (95% CI: −81 to −40). There was an acute rise and fall over the 1–2 years immediately pre‐/post‐diagnosis. Incident HCU remained higher for LOE compared to controls post‐diagnosis (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.65–1.70; p < .001), including A&E, outpatient, and admitted care.SignificanceHealth care use demonstrates an acute on chronic rise over the 4 years before diagnosis of LOE. To what extent the partial reversal of the acute pre‐diagnosis rise, and the mediators of the accelerated increase compared to controls are attributed to epilepsy, comorbid and bidirectional disease states, or a combination of both warrants further exploration.
Effects of antiseizure medication withdrawal during the first trimester of pregnancy on seizure control and offspring outcomes
Authors: Fu Yutong , Shi Fanfan , Sha Leihao , Yang Ximeng , Li Rui ,   the WECARE study group, Chen Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore seizure control and offspring outcomes associated with antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal during the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsBased on a prospective multicenter study in China, pregnancies followed up between 2009 and 2023 at the neurology outpatient clinic of 50 hospitals were included in this study. Information on demographics, epileptic characteristics, treatment during pregnancy, and offspring outcomes was collected. Pregnancies were categorized into an ASM withdrawal group and an ASM continuation group. Balance tests and univariate log‐binomial regression analysis were conducted to identify imbalanced factors between groups and potential risk factors for seizure deterioration during pregnancy. Multivariate log‐binomial regression was then used to estimate the adjusted effects of ASM withdrawal on seizure deterioration during pregnancy and fetal outcomes. In addition, exploratory subgroup analysis was conducted to identify high‐risk patients who should avoid ASM withdrawal.ResultsOf the 695 pregnancies enrolled, 14.2% withdrew ASMs in the first trimester of pregnancy. ASM withdrawal during this period was associated with a risk of seizure deterioration during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.405, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.876). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant risk of seizure deterioration in pregnancies with seizures in 9 months (aRR 1.590, 95% CI 1.079–2.344). After adjusting the folic acid dose, no evidence of protective effects on fetus after ASM withdrawal was observed compared to patients with continued treatment, whereas seizure deterioration during pregnancy increased the risk of fetal death (aRR 3.577, 95% CI 1.086–11.651).SignificanceASM withdrawal in the first trimester of pregnancy did not show a protective effect on fetal outcomes but rather resulted in increased seizure frequency during pregnancy. However, this finding requires a larger sample for validation. Furthermore, seizure deterioration during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal death.
Pharmaceutical treatment of equine glandular gastric disease: A contextualised review of recent developments
Authors: Rendle David I. , Gough Sarah L. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryRecent studies report the use of a range of treatments for equine glandular gastric disease, but with all treatments, refractory disease is common. The evidence for some widely used treatments is very poor. Treatments may aim to suppress acid production (e.g. omeprazole), promote mucosal barrier function (e.g. misoprostol/sucralfate), or both. It is imperative that all treatments are combined with management to minimise known risk factors, primarily physiological and psychological stressors.
Multidimensional complex signal processing and feature extraction for fatigue testing data
Authors: Liu Weihao , Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on implementing a multiaxial racetrack amplitude filter designed for processing fatigue testing data. The filter utilizes the concept of a multiaxial racetrack to map a multidimensional signal into a multidimensional space and employs amplitude filtering to eliminate noise while preserving structural outliers and sequential characteristics inherent in the signal. This research evaluates the effectiveness of this method in processing multidimensional data and compares it to conventional data preprocessing methods in the context of fatigue test data. Furthermore, the effectiveness of two optimization strategies proposed to address the limitations related to the filter's “filtering radius” and “filtering direction” has been validated. The findings reveal that the proposed filter is a versatile multidimensional signal processing technique suitable for diverse domains requiring signal order and shape preservation, particularly in fatigue analysis.
A Spatially Restricted Distribution of Thermophilic Endospores in Laptev Sea Shelf Sediments Suggests a Limited Dispersal by Local Geofluids
Authors: Ståhl Emelie , Linderholm Anna , Brüchert Volker 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThermospores, the dormant resting stages of thermophilic bacteria, have been shown to be frequent but enigmatic components of cold marine sediments around the world. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain their distribution, emphasizing their potential as model organisms for studying microbial dispersal via ocean currents. In the Arctic Ocean, the abundance and diversity of thermospores have previously been assumed to be low. However, this assessment has been based on data mainly from the western fjords of Svalbard, thus leaving most of the Arctic unexplored. Here, we expand the knowledge about the distribution of thermospores in the Arctic Ocean by investigating the abundance and diversity of thermospores in heated shelf sediments from three sites in the outer Laptev Sea. Two of the sites are located in an area with methane‐emitting cold seeps with a thermogenic source signature suggestive of an origin in a deep hydrocarbon reservoir, while the third site is a reference site not known to be impacted by seepage. We found that activity of viable thermospore populations was more prominent at one of the investigated seep sites. This finding is supported by both radiotracer growth experiments showing thermophilic, sulfate‐reducing activity triggered by heating, as well as 16S gene sequence analyses showing significantly enriched ASVs affiliated to the phylum Firmicutes following high‐temperature incubations. An enrichment of the sulfate‐reducing, endospore‐forming class Desulfotomaculia in heated samples compared to unheated samples was also observed. Furthermore, several ASVs identified at the seep site are closely related to thermospore‐producing bacteria associated with the deep biosphere, including hydrocarbon and hydrothermal systems. Based on the combined information from induced activity, estimated abundance, and phylogenetic composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we propose likely source environments and dispersal vectors for thermospores in the Arctic Ocean.
Did the U.S. Fracking Boom Shale‐Shock Regional Patenting?
Authors: Han Luyi , Winters John V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe shale boom of the early 21st century turned the U.S. into an energy powerhouse and significantly disrupted local economies with shale resources. This study examines the impacts of the U.S. shale boom on regional patenting at a commuting zone level. The shale boom may negatively affect patents if it crowds out labor and capital investments in other non‐energy industries. Our findings show that a one standard deviation increase in non‐vertical well density decreases patent intensity by 3.74% of the mean. Areas with higher drilling densities have lower levels of patented innovation compared to their counterfactuals. This paper contributes to the existing literature related to the “natural resource curse.” We provide new evidence based on regional patenting, which is an important indicator for regional innovation and long‐term economic growth.
Elimination of physiological senescent cutaneous cells in a novel p16‐dependent senolytic mouse model impacts lipid metabolism in skin aging
Authors: Sugiyama Yuma , Kawabe Yoichiro , Harada Tanenobu , Aoki Yu , Tsuji Keiko , Sugiyama Daijiro , Maruyama Mitsuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe evidence of the correlation between cellular senescence and aging has increased in research with animal models. These models have been intentionally generated to target and regulate cellular senescent cells with the promoter activity of p16Ink4a or p19Arf, genes that are highly expressed in aging cells. However, the senolytic efficiency in various organs and cells from these models represents unexpected variation and diversity in some cases. We have generated a novel knock‐in model, p16tdT‐hDTR mice, which possess tdTomato and human diphtheria toxin receptor (hDTR) downstream of Cdkn2a, an endogenous p16Ink4a gene. We successfully demonstrated that p16‐derived tdTomato and hDTR expressions are observed in these mouse embryo fibroblasts and following treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT) eliminates those cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the efficacy of eliminating p16‐positive cells in vivo, and also observed a tendency to decrease their cutaneous SA‐β‐gal activity after subcutaneous DT injection into p16tdT‐hDTR mice. In particular, comprehensive gene expression analysis in skin revealed that upregulated genes related to lipid metabolisms with aging exhibited remarkable expressions under the senolysis. These results clearly unveiled p16‐positive senescent cells contribute to age‐related changes in skin.
Transitions: Living With Young‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Aspö Malin , Visser Leonie N. C. , Kivipelto Miia , Boström Anne‐Marie , Cronfalk Berit Seiger 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPersons with young‐onset dementia (YOD) are confronted with specific challenges. Due to the neurodegenerative nature of the disease, people diagnosed with YOD face many changes with different consequences, for example, regarding their life perspective. These changes can give rise to transition processes and strategies for coping, hopefully stimulating well‐being and acceptance. However, this might not always be the case, and support may be warranted. Our aim was to describe the experiences of those living with YOD due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and identify signs of transitions during the first year after diagnosis.MethodIn this qualitative interview study, we explore the experiences of younger persons living with AD. Thirteen participants under the age of 65 years (nine female and four male; mean age: 57) were included 1 year after being diagnosed with AD. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach. To gain a deeper understanding of the data, Meleis's transitions theory was used as a theoretical framework.ResultsTwo categories were identified: ‘Life has changed’ and ‘Mastering a changed life situation’. One year after diagnosis, participants described how they experienced a changed life situation, changing symptoms, a loss of meaningful activities and an increased risk of social isolation. Furthermore, living with uncertainty about the future caused feelings of being disconnected. Awareness was described as an important aspect of coping with YOD and progressing in the transition process. Participants also highlighted the importance of support from others.ConclusionThe results suggest that preventing social isolation is important in facilitating healthy transitions. Therefore, professionals need to identify signs of transitions and be aware of the complexity of coping with YOD, thereby helping to prevent unwanted responses to change and facilitate a healthy transition process.Patient or Public ContributionThe findings are based on interviews with 13 persons with YOD and provide insight into experiences of living with YOD.
Thermoporometry measurements of human hair via differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Habe Taichi , Inoue Shigeto , Breakspear Steven , Noecker Bernd , Popescu Crisan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveHair fibres possess an inherently porous structure, which is affected by physical and chemical agents from the environment, as well as those from cosmetic treatments. The present work aims to investigate the potential of a calorimetric method for evaluating the changes of hair porosity, in terms of pore size and size distribution.MethodsThe temperature of the phase transition from solid to liquid is known to be depressed if the liquid is confined within a pore. This shift in temperature can be measured by a calorimetric method like differential scanning calorimetry, DSC. This method is termed thermoporometry and it is the tool used for investigating hair porosity in this work.ResultsVirgin and bleached hair fibres are measured by DSC and, by using the equations developed for water behaviour confined in pores of a solid, the size and size distribution of the hair pores are evaluated, and the influence of the cosmetic treatment on the pores is discussed.ConclusionThermoporometry measurements of hair produced results in good agreement with those obtained by other methods for measuring hair porosity. The analysis of the data suggests that the fibre pores are mostly of a radius of 4 nm, and that the bleaching process increases the total volume of pores through the addition of smaller pores. A prolonged bleaching process appears to reduce the amount of fine pores produced by the first short process, resulting in fewer, but larger, cavities, most likely through a process of pore‐merging.
Pathogenic mechanisms in the evolution of food allergy
Authors: Martinez‐Blanco Monica , Mukhatayev Zhussipbek , Chatila Talal A. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe early development of the neonatal immune system is profoundly influenced by exposure to dietary and microbial antigens, which shapes mucosal tolerance. Successful oral tolerance induction is crucially dependent on microbially imprinted immune cells, most notably the RORγt+ regulatory T (Treg) and antigen presenting cells and is essential for preventing food allergy (FA). The development of FA can be envisioned to result from disruptions at key checkpoints (CKPTs) that govern oral tolerance induction. These include gut epithelial sensory and effector circuits that when dysregulated promote pro‐allergic gut dysbiosis. They also include microbially imprinted immune regulatory circuits that are disrupted by dysbiosis and pro‐allergic immune responses unleashed by the dysregulation of the aforementioned cascades. Understanding these checkpoints is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to restore immune homeostasis in FA.
Caregivers as experimenters: Reducing unfamiliarity helps shy children learn words
Authors: Hilton Matt , Twomey Katherine E. , Westermann Gert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious work has found that shy children show chance‐level disambiguation and retention of novel word meanings in a typical lab‐based word learning task. This effect could be explained in terms of shy children's aversion to unfamiliarity disrupting the requisite attentional processes, because the task is marked by a high degree of unfamiliarity. To test this argument, we examined whether increasing the familiarity of the task facilitates shy children's ability to form and retain word meanings. Two‐year‐old children (N = 23) took part in a word learning task in which their caregiver acted as the experimenter. On referent selection trials, children were presented with sets of three objects, one novel and two familiar, and were asked for either a familiar object using its known label, or a novel object using a novel word. Children were then tested on their retention of the previously formed novel word‐object mappings. In this context of increased familiarity, shyness was unrelated to performance on referent selection trials. However, shyness was positively related to children's retention of the word‐object mappings, meaning that shyer children outperformed less‐shy children on this measure of word learning. These findings show that context‐based familiarity interacts with intrinsic individual differences to affect word learning performance.