bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNN-based Integrated Framework for Enhanced Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Authors: R Chitra , A M Anusha Bamini , S Punitha , Stephan Thompson , Martha Sheshikala 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a significant cause of vision loss globally,
is characterized by retinal damage caused by diabetes. Early detection is vital to prevent irreversible
blindness, yet challenges remain in accurately identifying DR stages and enhancing
blood vessel visibility in fundus images. This paper aims to develop an early detection methodology
for DR, addressing the need for early diagnosis and the difficulties in distinguishing
DR severity through fundus imaging. The challenges in the early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
(DR) and enhancing blood vessel visibility in fundus images are multifaceted, including
issues such as data imbalance, image noise, and complex patterns. By addressing these
challenges through advanced ML techniques and image processing methodologies, the proposed
methodology in the paper aims to overcome the limitations in early detection and severity
assessment of DR, contributing to improved patient outcomes and vision preservation.

Methods:
This study utilizes Machine Learning (ML) to analyze complex patterns in fundus
color images of DR, employing spatial domain filtering to reduce image noise and address data
imbalances across DR severity levels through data augmentation. A Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN), enhanced with a Gabor filter, is applied for stage-specific DR detection and
to pinpoint infected areas. The dataset includes 1000 color fundus images, with a 70:30 split
for training and testing, respectively. The adoption of a Gabor filtering technique aims to refine
the model’s performance further.

Results:
The incorporation of a CNN with a Gabor filter has shown outstanding efficacy in detecting
DR from fundus color images, achieving a training accuracy of 97.5%, validation accuracy
of 96.5%, Cohen kappa score of 89.76%, and testing accuracy of 95.87%. This method
effectively illustrates the disease-affected areas in the fundus images provided.

Conclusion:
Through a comparative analysis of image processing techniques, this research
highlights the advantages of using advanced DR analysis for image preprocessing. The proposed
CNN-Gabor filter approach demonstrates significant success in identifying diabetic retinopathy
in fundus color photographs and accurately delineating the affected regions, contributing
valuable insights to the field of medical image processing.
Structuring of public administration entities in the sphere of security
Authors: Pozdnyakova E. V. 
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Any subject of management has specific functions, rights, obligations and has certain resources. Analysis of subjects of management and synthesis of connections between such subjects presupposes search, legal analysis of the entire system, which consists in allocation of elements, subsystems. For this purpose, the system of subjects of management, as well as their powers, is structured. The structure of the apparatus of management as a whole, as well as in the sphere of security in particular, as well as the mechanism of its functioning must fully correspond to the economic, social, political and cultural interests of citizens, state and non-state organizations.Purpose. Establishing a mechanism for structuring public administration entities in the field of security.Objectives: determine the legal status of the subject of governance in the sphere of security; highlight the grounds for structuring the subjects of state governance in the sphere of ensuring security.Methodology. The study used a combination of methods, such as: a general scientific method for studying legal phenomena and processes, formal legal and formal logical methods.Results. The study provides a description of the legal status of the subject of governance in the field of security, and also provides various grounds for structuring the subjects of public administration in the field of security.Conclusion. Each body vested with rights and obligations in the sphere of ensuring security is considered as a subject of management in this sphere. A unified system of subjects of management is an internal consistency between its elements. This is a determining quality for structuring subjects of management in the sphere of ensuring the security of citizens. For this, various grounds are used that form different types of subjects and their powers. It is important to ensure the optimal choice, clear interaction in order to exclude poor-quality work, parallelism and duplication in management, to ensure the professionalism and competence of personnel.
"Recipes" for original socio-cultural construction in pre-Revolutionary Old Believer journals
Authors: Apanasenok A. V. 
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the research topic is related to the importance of scientific understanding of the influential socio-cultural discourse presented by Orthodox traditionalists in the context of the socio-political and cultural transformation of Russia in the early XX century.The purpose of the study: to analyze the public rhetoric of the thick Old Believer journals published in Russia in 1906-1916.Objectives: to characterize the reasons that determine the value of Old Believers' journals for the history of public thought; to identify the range of socially significant problems that were raised on the pages of Old Believers' periodicals in 1906-1916; to assess the level of practical significance of studying the "recipes" of socio-cultural construction of Russia proposed by Old Believers.Methods. In the course of working with publications traditional methods of textual analysis were used, including elements of content analysis, which involves a qualitative and quantitative study of the content of certain publications in order to identify their central ideas. To process and interpret obtained data the author used methods of description and historical induction as well as historical-statistical and historical-genetic methods.Results. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the Old Believer authors' understanding of the negative consequences of mechanical copying of Western socio-cultural norms, examines the specifics of strategies for effective nationally oriented construction proposed by traditionalists in the conditions of the social crisis of the early 20th century. the expediency of using the ideas of "soil" socio-cultural construction in modern conditions is considered.Conclusions. On the pages of the "thick" Old Believer journals there is a significant number of "recipes" aimed at strengthening national consciousness, education, countering radicalism in politics and vulgar consumerism in everyday life, maintaining family values, combating drunkenness and smoking. Their analysis will enrich the scientific understanding of the social and intellectual realities of the late Empire, some of the strategies of Russia presented by Old Believer publicists at the beginning of the 20th century can be adapted to modern realities.
Remote interaction of participants in civil transactions and methods of their individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia
Authors: Trofimov A. A. 
Published: October 2024

Relevance. In pre-revolutionary Russia, participants in civil transactions used methods of remote interaction aimed at the emergence, change and termination of private law relations. Remote interaction between participants in civil transactions necessitated their individualization. Nowadays, Russia is undergoing a transition to a digital economy based on the use of the digital environment. Remote interaction of participants in digital civil circulation initiates a solution to the problem of their individualization in the digital environment, which is carried out through the communicative process of identification. The results of scientific research concerning the methods of individualization of participants in remote interaction in pre-revolutionary Russia may be in demand in civil law at the present time. Their application is possible for the development of theoretical provisions concerning the identification of private law entities implementing remote interaction using digital tools.The purpose of the study is to consider the issue of types of remote interaction between participants in civil transactions and methods of their individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia.Objectives: research of types of remote interaction of participants in civil transactions; identifying ways to individualize participants in civil transactions who carried out remote interaction.Methodology. In the process of working on the article, methods of synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, historical-legal, comparative-legal, logical.Results. In the course of the study, the types of remote interaction between participants in civil transactions and their inherent methods of individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia, were identified.Conclusions. Remote interaction of participants in civil circulation in pre-revolutionary Russia was associated with their individualization, carried out in order to ensure the stability of civil circulation.
Population-Level Distribution, Risk Factors, and Burden of Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Attributable to Major Noncommunicable Diseases in Western Europe (1990-2021): Ecological Analysis
Authors: Mubarik Sumaira , Naeem Shafaq , Shen Hui , Mubarak Rabia , Luo Lisha , Hussain Syeda Rija , Hak Eelko , Yu Chuanhua , Liu Xiaoxue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neoplasms are leading causes of mortality worldwide.

Objective
This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the mortality burden and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to CVDs and neoplasms in Western Europe, investigate associated risk factors, and identify regional disparities. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in promoting healthier lives in the region.

Methods
The study collected data on mortality and DALYs due to CVDs and cancers from 24 Western European countries using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The analysis explored age, sex, and country-specific patterns, as well as risk factors contributing to these deaths. Additionally, the study examined time trends by calculating the annual percent change in mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 by region and cause.

Results
In 2021, CVDs and neoplasms accounted for 27.8% and 27.1% of total deaths in Western Europe, with age-standardized death rates of 106.8 and 125.8 per 100,000, respectively. The top two CVDs in this region were ischemic heart disease and stroke, with age-standardized death rates of 47.27 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 50.42-41.45) and 27.06 (95% UI 29.17-23.00), respectively. Similarly, the top two neoplasms were lung cancer and colorectal cancer, with age-standardized death rates of 26.4 (95% UI 27.69-24.47) and 15.1 (95% UI 16.25-13.53), respectively. Between 1990 and 2021, CVD mortality rates decreased by 61.9%, while cancer rates decreased by 28.27%. Finland had the highest CVD burden (39.5%), and Monaco had the highest rate of cancer-related deaths (34.8%). Gender differences were observed, with males experiencing a higher burden of both CVDs and cancer. Older individuals were also more at risk. Smoking had a stronger impact on CVD mortality and DALYs in males, while a higher Human Development Index was associated with increased cancer deaths and DALYs in females.

Conclusions
The study findings highlight the substantial burden of NCDs, particularly CVDs and cancer, in Western Europe. This underscores the critical need for targeted interventions and effective implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs to achieve the goal of ensuring healthy lives for all.
construcción de la realidad: grupos de poder y su influencia en la criminalidad en México
Authors: Gutiérrez Domínguez Ana María 
Published: October 2024

Este artículo postula que en el México actual los representantes del gobierno y los propietarios de medios de información tienen tal cantidad de poder que pueden modificar la percepción de la realidad de la población mexicana. Aquí se analiza cómo funcionarios y grupos de poder fabrican la criminalidad y deciden a quiénes se criminaliza al legislar, mediante el ejercicio de la acción penal y la toma de decisiones judiciales, cuyo monopolio tienen las fiscalías dependientes del poder ejecutivo, en acciones concertadas con los medios masivos de información. Así, bajo la ficción de que el Estado representa los intereses de todos, la justicia se imparte de manera selectiva e inequitativa y los medios muestran y dictan lo que las personas deben creer. La conclusión del trabajo es que los instrumentos para enfrentar las distorsiones de la percepción y acercarse a la realidad son el conocimiento científico y el pensamiento crítico, aunque gran parte de la población mexicana cada vez se interesa menos en estos, sin percatarse de que la democracia está siendo socavada.
The effects of Selenium phytotoxicity on two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars differing in Se tolerance and the role of antioxidant enzymes in the tolerance mechanism
Authors: Gokbulut Tarik , Akbulut Mikail , Temizgul Ridvan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wheat seedlings were hydroponically grown in Hoagland solution containing various levels of Se. Tolerance response to Se toxicity was investigated by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), proline and chlorophyll content, the growth parameters, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The toxic level of Se treatment significantly retarded the seedling growth. A substantial amount of proline accumulation was also observed in response to toxic Se concentration, but it was more pronounced in putative-sensitive cultivars. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased in Se-intoxicated seedlings and increased at the lowest Se dose in both cultivars. Severe and mild chlorosis was observed in putative-sensitive and tolerant cultivars at the highest Se level. Alterations in the activities of glutathione reductase (GR, 1.6.4.2), glutathione S transferase (GST, 2.5.1.18), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 1.11.1.11) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) were determined. TBAR level did not significantly increase in putative tolerant cultivars as an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation. However, a significant increase was observed in putative-sensitive cultivars in response to higher selenium concentrations. In higher Se treatment groups, CAT and GST activities significantly increased in putative Se tolerant cultivars. However, excluding SOD, the activity of all the studied enzymes was increased considerably in putative-sensitive cultivars in a dose-dependent manner. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a substantial amount of proline accumulation did not significantly contribute to overcoming Se phytotoxicity in wheat seedlings grown in media supplemented with toxic selenium levels.
Examining Tongue Movement Intentions in EEG-Based BCI with Machine and Deep Learning: An Approach for Dysphagia Rehabilitation
Authors: Aslan Sevgi Gökçe , Yılmaz Bülent 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dysphagia, a common swallowing disorder particularly prevalent among older adults and often associated with neurological conditions, significantly affects individuals’ quality of life by negatively impacting their eating habits, physical health, and social interactions. This study investigates the potential of brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies in dysphagia rehabilitation, focusing specifically on motor imagery paradigms based on EEG signals and integration with machine learning and deep learning methods for tongue movement. Traditional machine learning classifiers, such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Bagging, and Kernel were employed in discrimination of rest and imagination phases of EEG signals obtained from 30 healthy subjects. Scalogram images obtained using continuous wavelet transform of EEG signals corresponding to the rest and imagination phases of the experiment were used as the input images to the CNN architecture. As a result, KNN (79.4%) and SVM (63.4%) exhibited lower accuracy rates compared to ensemble methods like AdaBoost, Bagging, and Random Forest, all achieving high accuracy rates of 99.8%. These ensemble techniques proved to be highly effective in handling complex EEG datasets, particularly in distinguishing between rest and imagination phases. Furthermore, the deep learning approach, utilizing CNN and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), achieved an accuracy of 83%, highlighting its potential in analyzing motor imagery data. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising role of BCI technologies and advanced machine learning techniques, especially ensemble and deep learning methods, in improving outcomes for dysphagia rehabilitation.
Environmental Management in Lithium Extraction: Optimization of the Hydrometallurgical Process for Lepidolite with Focus on Eco-Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Sarmiento Antonio Walter Sarmiento , Pasco Pedro Alvaro Edwin Gallegos , Gil Julio Alberto Maquera , Canqui Alfredo Mamani , Huanca Faviola Ccoa 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Develop and optimize an eco-efficient hydrometallurgical process for lithium extraction from lepidolite, enhancing environmental management in the lithium mining industry.

Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in principles of eco-efficiency, life cycle assessment (LCA), and optimization of chemical processes applied to lithium extraction within the context of organizational environmental management.

Method: A fractional factorial design 2^(5-2) was employed for process optimization. Mineralogical characterization was conducted using XRD and ICP-MS. Extraction efficiency, product purity, and environmental parameters were evaluated through LCA.

Results and Discussion: Extraction efficiency increased from 91.0 ± 1.5% to 94.5 ± 0.8%, with a product purity of 99.62 ± 0.04%. LCA revealed a carbon footprint of 5.9 ± 0.3 kg CO₂ eq / kg Li₂CO₃ and a water consumption of 38 ± 2 m³/t Li₂CO₃. Implications in relation to conventional extraction methods are discussed.

Research Implications: The study provides a framework for implementing more sustainable processes in lithium mining, potentially applicable to the battery industry and natural resource management.

Originality/Value: The research innovatively integrates process optimization, LCA, and eco-efficiency principles in lithium extraction, contributing to the sustainable transformation of the lithium mining industry.
Functionalized 1,3,5-triazine-derivatives as promising anticancer agents: synthesis and cytotoxic activity in vitro
Authors: Protas A. V. , Mikolaichuk O. V. , Popova E. A. , Timoshchuk K. V. , Maistrenko D. N. , Molchanov O. E. , Sharoyko V. V. , Semenov K. N. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. A promising area of application of 1,3,5-triazines in medical chemistry is the development of highly effective anticancer agents. It is noteworthy that a significant cytotoxic effect may occur with 2,4,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing aziridine rings as substituents. These compounds interact with DNA molecules of tumor cells and they are alkylating agents.The objective was to synthesize and investigate the cytotoxic activity in vitro of new aziridine–containing 1,3,5-triazine derivatives against tumor cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 and to evaluate the effect of the length of the hydrocarbon radical in the dioxane cycle on the cytotoxic effect of the obtained compounds.Methods and materials. The synthesis of the 1,3,5-triazine derivatives was carried out using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) as the starting reagent. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were proven by elemental CHN analysis and 1H, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity was studied using the MTT colorimetric assay.Results. Novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized: (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol and (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol. Also, cytotoxic effect against tumor cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human hepatocarcinoma (Huh7) was studied using the MTT assay. It has been shown that an increase in the length of hydrocarbon radicals in the dioxane ring at position C2 leads to a decrease in cytotoxic effect.Conclusion. The synthesized (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5 -yl) methanol and (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol cause a dose-dependent decrease against the survival of tumor cell lines A549 and Huh7.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Zahirah Afifah Nabilah , Santioso Linda 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of operating cash flow, profitability, leverage, and sales growth on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 - 2020. The criteria that have been set are using a sample of 61 manufacturing companies. which have been selected using purposive sampling technique. The data is processed using Eviews version 12. Based on the results of this study, it shows that operating cash flow has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value, profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value, leverage has a negative and insignificant effect on firm value, and sales growth has a positive effect. and not significant to firm value.
Analisis Pengaruh Arus Kas Bebas, Struktur Modal, Dan Investment Opportunity Set Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen
Authors: Taniel Levi , Tjakrawala Kurniawan 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to know effect of free cash flow, modal structure, Investment Opportunity Set on dividend policy based on annual financial reports that have been prepared by manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study, the population was obtained using purposive sampling method in manufacturing companies listed on the. which are listed on the IDX with the category of manufacturing companies having financial statement data for the 2015-2019 period. Based on the sample research method, the obtained companies are 14. The analysis in this study uses the multiple linear regression analysis method using the SPSS Version 21 and Microsoft Excel 2016 . This study proves that free cash flow has a significant positive effect on dividend policy, modal structure has a significant negative effect on dividend policy, and Investment Opportunity Set has a significant negative effect on dividend policy