bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Satellite-Derived Lower-Tropospheric Atmospheric Temperature Dataset Using an Optimized Adjustment for Diurnal Effects
Authors: Mears Carl A. , Wentz Frank J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Temperature sounding microwave radiometers flown on polar-orbiting weather satellites provide a long-term, global-scale record of upper-atmosphere temperatures, beginning in late 1978 and continuing to the present. The focus of this paper is a lower-tropospheric temperature product constructed using measurements made by the Microwave Sounding Unit channel 2 and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit channel 5. The temperature weighting functions for these channels peak in the middle to upper troposphere. By using a weighted average of measurements made at different Earth incidence angles, the effective weighting function can be lowered so that it peaks in the lower troposphere. Previous versions of this dataset used general circulation model output to remove the effects of drifting local measurement time on the measured temperatures. This paper presents a method to optimize these adjustments using information from the satellite measurements themselves. The new method finds a global-mean land diurnal cycle that peaks later in the afternoon, leading to improved agreement between measurements made by co-orbiting satellites. The changes result in global-scale warming [global trend (70°S–80°N, 1979–2016) = 0.174°C decade−1], ~30% larger than our previous version of the dataset [global trend (70°S–80°N, 1979–2016) = 0.134°C decade−1]. This change is primarily due to the changes in the adjustment for drifting local measurement time. The new dataset shows more warming than most similar datasets constructed from satellites or radiosonde data. However, comparisons with total column water vapor over the oceans suggest that the new dataset may not show enough warming in the tropics.
Role of Vertical Structure of Convective Heating in MJO Simulation in NCAR CAM5.3
Authors: Cao Guyu , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Observational studies suggest that the vertical structure of diabatic heating is important to MJO development. In particular, the lack of a top-heavy heating profile was believed to be responsible for poor MJO simulations in global climate models. In this work, the role of the vertical heating profile in MJO simulation is investigated by modifying the convective heating profile to different shapes, from top-heavy heating to bottom cooling, to mimic mesoscale heating in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.3 (CAM5.3). Results suggest that incorporating a mesoscale stratiform heating structure can significantly improve the MJO simulation. By artificially adding stratiform-like heating and cooling in the experiments, many observed features of MJO are reproduced, including clear eastward propagation, a westward-tilted vertical structure of MJO-scale anomalies of dynamic and thermodynamic fields, and strong 20–80-day spectral power. Further analysis shows an abundance of shallow convection ahead of MJO deep convection, confirming the role of shallow convection in preconditioning the atmosphere by moistening the lower troposphere ahead of deep convection during the MJO life cycle. Additional experiments show that lower-level cooling contributes more to improving the MJO simulation. All these features are lacking in the control simulation, suggesting that the mesoscale stratiform heating, especially its lower-level cooling component, is important to MJO simulation.
Estimating Random Uncertainty in Airborne Flux Measurements over Alaskan Tundra: Update on the Flux Fragment Method
Authors: Dobosy Ronald , Sayres David , Healy Claire , Dumas Edward , Heuer Mark , Kochendorfer John , Baker Bruce , Anderson James 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAirborne turbulence measurement gives a spatial distribution of air–surface fluxes that networks of fixed surface sites typically cannot capture. Much work has improved the accuracy of such measurements and the estimation of the uncertainty peculiar to streams of turbulence data measured from the air. A particularly significant challenge and opportunity is to distinguish fluxes from different surface types, especially those occurring in patches smaller than the necessary averaging length. The flux fragment method (FFM), a conditional-sampling variant of eddy covariance in the space–time domain, was presented in 2008. It was shown capable of segregating the mean flux density (CO2, H2O, sensible heat) in maize from that in soybeans over the patchwork farmlands of Illinois. This was, however, an ideal surface for the method, and the random-error estimate used a relatively rudimentary bootstrap resampling. The present paper describes an upgraded random-error estimate that accounts for the serial correlation of the time/space series and the heterogeneity of the signal. Results are presented from the Alaskan tundra. Though recognized as important, systematic error estimates are not covered in this paper. Some discussion is offered on the relation of the FFM to other approaches similarly motivated, particularly those using wavelets. Successful measurement of the variation of air–surface exchange over heterogeneous surfaces has value for developing and improving process models relating surface flux to remotely sensible quantities, such as the vegetative land-cover type and its condition.
Seasonal-to-Subseasonal Model Forecast Performance during Agricultural Drought Transition Periods in the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Schiraldi Nicholas J. , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe prediction of drought onset and decay in the U.S. Corn Belt region (CBR) on seasonal-to-subseasonal time scales has not been well studied. This study utilizes the subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction archive to assess model errors in large-scale circulation patterns associated with agricultural drought transition periods, targeting models used by the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and Australian Bureau of Meteorology. An analysis of the seasonal cycle of bias for geopotential anomalies at 200 hPa and net radiation at the top of the atmosphere in each model is presented and used to subtract the long-term bias from each model. Model fields are decomposed into three spectral bands—low frequency (periods > 100 days), intraseasonal (periods 20–100 days), and synoptic (periods < 20 days)—to demonstrate each model’s ability to predict patterns associated with agricultural drought transition periods in each band. Results demonstrate that ECMWF and NCEP struggle in predicting the large-scale circulation patterns associated with 20-day agricultural drought and onset transitions, but are more skillful in predicting the patterns associated with 60-day agricultural drought onset and decay events at reforecast hour lead window 360–480 (F360–F480). BoM was not skillful in predicting the circulation patterns associated with either type of drought transition. Results also demonstrate that the errors associated with these events are no worse than historical errors for the target study period.
Key performance indicators for Australian mental health court liaison services
Authors: Davidson Fiona , Heffernan Ed , Greenberg David , Butler Tony , Burgess Philip 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe the development and technical specifications of a framework and national key performance indicators (KPIs) for Australian mental health Court Liaison Services (CLSs) by the National Mental Health Court Liaison Performance Working Group (Working Group). Methods: Representatives from each Australian State and Territory were invited to form a Working Group. Through a series of national workshops and meetings, a framework and set of performance indicators were developed using a review of literature and expert opinion. Results: A total of six KPIs for CLSs have been identified and a set of technical specifications have been formed. Conclusions: This paper describes the process and outcomes of a national collaboration to develop a framework and KPIs. The measures have been developed to support future benchmarking activities and to assist services to identify best practice in this area of mental health service delivery.
Posterior communicating artery aneurysms demonstrate faster interval growth than other growing aneurysms
Authors: Chien Aichi , Lau Vicky , Yi Quan , Chang Warren 
Published: June 2017

Background Posterior communicating artery aneurysms are often associated with a high rupture risk. This study compares the differences in the rate of growth and morphological characteristics between growing posterior communicating artery aneurysms and other types of growing aneurysms. Materials and methods Thirteen patients with growing internal carotid artery aneurysms were scanned using Siemens 64 slice computed tomography scanners. Three patients had ophthalmic aneurysms, three had superior hypophyseal aneurysms and seven had posterior communicating artery aneurysms. Each aneurysm case had three distinct time points, with an average separation time of 1.3 ± 0.6 years. Annual aneurysm dimensional growth, annual volume growth, annual increase in surface area, size ratio, aspect ratio, and non-sphericity index were analysed. Results Posterior communicating artery aneurysms demonstrated significantly higher annual increases in dimensional growth, volume and surface area when compared to other internal carotid artery aneurysms. Posterior communicating artery aneurysms also demonstrated a significantly higher increase in aspect ratio, size ratio and lower non-sphericity index. Discussion Posterior communicating artery aneurysms had significantly greater growth per year when compared to other types of internal carotid artery aneurysms, and had different morphological characteristics.
Rituximab prophylaxis to prevent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura relapse: outcome and evaluation of dosing regimens
Authors: Westwood John-Paul , Thomas Mari , Alwan Ferras , McDonald Vickie , Benjamin Sylvia , Lester William A. , Lowe Gillian C. , Dutt Tina , Hill Quentin A. , Scully Marie 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
Rituximab is effective in preventing relapse in TTP patients in remission with low ADAMTS13 levels. Reduced-dose rituximab (200 mg) is associated with higher rates of re-treatment than the standard dose (375 mg/m2).
Protective effects of Xinji′erkang on myocardial infarction induced cardiac injury in mice
Authors: Hu Juan , Zhang Yong-xue , Wang Li , Ding Ling , Huang Guang-yao , Cai Guo-wei , Gao Shan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major risk factor responsible for morbidity and mortality. Xinji′erkang (XJEK) has been clinically used as an effective medication in the treatment of coronary heart disease and myocarditis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Xinji′erkang on MI mice.

Methods
Forty male mice were randomly assigned into four groups as follows (n = 10): sham, model, MI with administration of XJEK and fosinopril for four weeks. At the end of studies, hemodynamic parameters and electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded. Heart and body mass were measured and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio was calculated as index of hypertrophy. The hypertrophy of heart and aorta was examined using the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the collagen deposition was evaluated using Van Gieson (VG) staining. Serum nitric oxide level (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were assayed by colorimetric analysis. The expressions of endothelial NO synthetase (eNOS) expression in serum and cardiac tissues were determined using ELISA assay and immunohistochemistry. Angiotensin II (Ang II) in serum and cardiac tissues was measured using ELISA assay. Besides, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin1β (IL-1β) and interleukin10 (IL-10) were observed in cardiac tissues with ELISA assay as well.

Results
The administration of XJEK significantly improved cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECG with reduced HW/BW ratio and ameliorated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen deposition compared to MI, which was partly due to the decreased SOD and increased MDA in serum. Moreover, XJEK treatment also improved endothelial dysfunction (ED) with not only enhanced eNOS activities in serum and cardiac tissues and elevated NO levels in serum, but also decreased Ang II content in serum and cardiac tissues. Finally, protein expressions of pro-inflammation cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β in the cardiac tissues with XJEK treatment were significantly decreased compared to model. On the contrary, IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrated in cardiac tissues was significantly enhanced compared to model.

Conclusion
Xinji′erkang exerts cardioprotective effect on myocardial infarction in mice, which may be due to the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation response.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Linc00152 promotes malignant progression of glioma stem cells by regulating miR-103a-3p/FEZF1/CDC25A pathway
Authors: Yu Mingjun , Xue Yixue , Zheng Jian , Liu Xiaobai , Yu Hai , Liu Libo , Li Zhen , Liu Yunhui 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background
Glioma is one of the most frequent intracranial malignant tumors. LncRNAs have been identified as new modulators in the origination and progression of glioma.

Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR were conducted to evaluate the expression of linc00152 and miRNA-103a-3p in glioma tissues and cells. Western blot were used to determine the expression of FEZF1 and CDC25A in glioma tissues and cells. Stable knockdown of linc00152 or over-expression of miR-103a-3p in glioma stem cells (GSCs) were established to explore the function of linc00152 and miR-103a-3p in GSCs. Further, luciferase reports were used to investigate the correlation between linc00152 and miR-103a-3p. Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the function of linc00152 and miR-103a-3p in GSC malignant biological behaviors. ChIP assays were employed to ascertain the correlations between FEZF1 and CDC25A.

Results
Linc00152 was up-regulated in glioma tissues as well as in GSCs. Knockdown of linc00152 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoted GSC apoptosis. Linc00152 regulated the malignant behavior of GSCs by binding to miR-103a-3p, which functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, knockdown of linc00152 down-regulated forebrain embryonic zinc finger protein 1 (FEZF1), a direct target of miR-103a-3p which played an oncogenic role in GSCs. FEZF1 elevated promoter activities and up-regulated expression of the oncogenic gene cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A). CDC25A over-expression activated the PI3K/AKT pathways, which regulated the malignant behavior of GSCs.

Conclusions
Linc00152/miR-103a-3p/FEZF1/CDC25A axis plays a novel role in regulating the malignant behavior of GSCs, which may be a new potential therapeutic strategy for glioma therapy.
‘Make life for communists as difficult as possible’ State-run anticommunism and ‘psychological warfare’ in the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Creuzberger Stefan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Ministry for All-German Affairs held a special place among the government departments with a right to define public anticommunist counter-intelligence. At the height of the Cold War it concentrated on advancing the activities of private bodies, and as such had a significant influence on their anticommunist thinking.
2017 ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award: Pavel Pevzner
Authors: Fogg Christiana N. , Kovats Diane E. , Berger Bonnie 
Published: June 2017

The International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) recognizes an established scientist each year with the Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award for significant contributions he or she has made to the field. This award honors scientists who have contributed to the advancement of computational biology and bioinformatics through their research, service, and education work. Pavel Pevzner, PhD, Ronald R. Taylor Professor of Computer Science and Director of the NIH Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry at University of California, San Diego, has been selected as the winner of the 2017 Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award. The ISCB awards committee, chaired by Dr. Bonnie Berger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, selected Pevzner as the 2017 winner. Pevzner will receive his award and deliver a keynote address at the 2017 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology-European Conference on Computational Biology joint meeting (ISMB/ECCB 2017) held in Prague, Czech Republic from July 21-July 25, 2017. ISMB/ECCB is a biennial joint meeting that brings together leading scientists in computational biology and bioinformatics from around the globe.
Understanding Uncontested Director Elections
Authors: Ertimur Yonca , Ferri Fabrizio , Oesch David 
Published: June 2017

We examine the determinants and consequences of voting outcomes in uncontested director elections. Exploiting a unique hand-collected data set of the rationale behind proxy advisors’ recommendations—the primary driver of voting outcomes—we document the director and board characteristics on which voting shareholders focus (as well as those that they neglect), their evolution over time, and their relative importance. Absent a negative recommendation, high votes withheld are infrequent, highlighting the agenda-setting role of proxy advisors. While high votes withheld rarely result in director turnover, our analyses show that firms often respond to an adverse vote by explicitly addressing the underlying concern. Overall, it appears that shareholders use their votes in uncontested director elections to get directors to address specific problems, rather than to vote them onto or off of the board, but they do so only on matters highlighted by the proxy advisors. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2760 . This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Malignancy rate of focal thyroid incidentaloma detected by FDG PET–CT: results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Thuillier Philippe , Roudaut Nathalie , Crouzeix Geneviève , Cavarec Marie , Robin Philippe , Abgral Ronan , Kerlan Véronique , Salaun Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2017

Objective
To evaluate the malignancy rate of focal thyroid incidentaloma (fTI) in a population of patients undergoing a 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FDG PET–CT) for a non-thyroid purpose.

Design
We conducted a prospective cohort study from January 2013 to November 2014. All consecutive patients referred for a FDG PET–CT were prospectively screened. Patients with known neoplastic thyroid disease were excluded from the analysis. All patients presenting one or more fTI and who accepted to benefit from a complementary thyroid ultrasonography (US) were included and managed according to the French endocrine society consensus. Prevalence of fTI in our population and malignancy rate was assessed.

Results
During the inclusion period, 10,171 patients were referred for a FDG PET–CT in our center. Fifty-three patients presenting a known thyroid disease were excluded. Among the remaining 10,118 patients, 127 (1.3%) with 131 fTI were individualized. US could not be performed in 37 patients. The remaining 90 patients (92 fTI) were explored by US ± fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). US results demonstrated a nodule aspect in 80 cases of which 60 benefited from FNAB. Nineteen of 92 fTI underwent surgery with 10 malignant lesions among the 60 patients performing both US and FNAB.

Conclusion
The prevalence of fTI discovered on FDG PET–CT in our population was 1.3% with 10 malignant lesions among the 60 patients performing both US and FNAB.
A case study on geotechnical asset remote monitoring in Network Rail
Authors: Abrams Dave , Brown Mike 
Published: June 2017

The majority of geotechnical assets on the UK railway were constructed over 150 years ago and some are exhibiting signs they are reaching the end of their serviceable life. It is often financially unviable to remediate the asset but the residual risk must still be mitigated. Remote condition monitoring (RCM) is traditionally used in longer-term studies of geotechnical asset failure using satellite and airborne comparison techniques. However, this paper focuses on the use of RCM as a safety mitigation measure to provide early warning of localised rapid earthworks failure in order to halt train movements or prompt further investigation. The inaccessible nature of the railway network provides unique challenges to the successful monitoring of infrastructure, including limited power source availability and communications. Two case studies are presented – Gillingham tunnel, Dorset, and a centralised pilot study aimed at standardising geotechnical RCM across Network Rail.
The Duty to Effect an Appropriate Mode of Payment to Minor Pension Beneficiaries under Scrutiny in Death Claims
Authors: Mhango M , Dyani N 
Published: June 2017

his note focuses on the payment into a trust arrangement in favour of a minor beneficiary as contemplated in terms of section 37C (2) of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956. The aim is to examine the criteria under which the boards of management of pension funds may deprive a guardian the right to administer benefits on behalf of minor beneficiaries. This examination is conducted within the context of the approach adopted by the Pension Funds Adjudicator in four specific determinations decided prior, but relevant, to the amendments to the Pension Funds Act, where the board in each case unlawfully deprived a guardian of the right to administer death benefits in favour of a minor beneficiary. Therefore, the note will discuss four specific determinations and thereafter comment about the criteria to be used by practitioners. The note argues that these determinations should be welcomed because of their progressive interpretation of the Pension Funds Act and for setting an important precedent for pension fund practitioners and boards. In each case, the Pension Funds Adjudicator found a violation of section 37C. The note also criticises the remedy granted in two of the determinations, namely Moralo v Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent, and argues that the Pension Funds Adjudicator’s ruling on these matters was arbitrary and capricious because it disregarded its own precedent in Lebepe v Premier Foods Provident Fund & Others. We therefore submit that the Pension Funds Adjudicator should have ordered the boards in Moralo v
Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent to pay all of the benefits directly to the complainants and guardians in those determinations.