bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Comparison of Men and Women
Authors: McGregor S Elizabeth , Bryant Heather E 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: New Canadian guidelines recommend screening average-risk adults to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer, the second most common cause of cancer death among Canadians. The present study examined the self-reported prevalence of colorectal cancer testing and sex-specific predictors of having had a fecal occult blood (FOB) test for screening, among a cohort of Alberta residents aged 50 to 69 years.METHODS: Subjects (n=5009) enrolled in a geographically based cohort study completed a Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire between October 2000 and June 2002 that ascertained their colorectal cancer detection practices, as well as demographic and other health and lifestyle characteristics.RESULTS: Patterns of FOB testing, and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, were similar for men and women. The majority of subjects (83.3%) reported no first-degree family history of colorectal cancer or bowel conditions, and they were considered to be at average risk. Few average-risk subjects reported having a screening FOB test within the past two years (7.7% [95% CI 6.7% to 8.7%] of subjects aged 50 to 59 years and 12.5% [95% CI 10.9% to 14.3%] of subjects aged 60 to 69 years). In men, the strongest predictors of having a screening FOB test in the past two years were a recent history of prostate-specific antigen testing and educational attainment. Among women, the strongest predictors were a recent history of having had a Pap test, a recent mammogram, employment status and educational attainment.CONCLUSIONS: Screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk adults was infrequent in this sample and lagged behind screening for other cancers. Screening of average-risk adults occurred primarily in people already accessing the health care system, suggesting that public education programs will be required to increase screening rates.
A Survey of Canadian Gastroenterologists about the Use of Methotrexate in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Chande Nilesh , Ponich Terry , Gregor James 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) is effective in remission induction and maintenance in steroid-dependent Crohn's disease (CD), but is often considered to be a second-line immunosuppressive agent, to be used in cases of failure or intolerance to azathioprine (AZA) or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). This may be related to concerns about hepatotoxicity, but this adverse effect is rare in monitored CD patients taking MTX. Still, there are no guidelines for monitoring patients with CD on MTX, and physicians must decide based on rheumatological literature about how to monitor their patients.PURPOSE: To determine the patterns of MTX use in patients with CD by Canadian gastroenterologists, examining the reasons for choosing MTX versus AZA/6-MP, the doses and routes of administration of MTX, and how patients on MTX are monitored, including the use of liver biopsy.METHODS: A self-report survey was sent to physician members of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, with a second mailing three months later to increase response rate.RESULTS: Of 490 surveys mailed, a 54.9% response rate was achieved. Of adult gastroenterologists, 60.7% stated they never use MTX as a first-line immunosuppressive agent, and 33.3% never use MTX at all. The most common reasons for choosing MTX were a contraindication to the use of AZA/6-MP (43.7%) and patient preference (22.5%). MTX is used intramuscularly in 41.5%, subcutaneously in 31.8%, and orally in 26.7% of patients. The most common dose used for remission induction was 25 mg/week (84.2%; range 7.5 mg/week to 50 mg/week; three responders used more frequent dosing than weekly) and for remission maintenance was 15 mg/week (55.4%; range 7.5 mg/week to 50 mg/week; three responders used more frequent dosing than weekly). Most responders checked a liver profile and complete blood count at baseline and serially. Of those who used MTX, 26.5% routinely performed liver biopsy after an accumulated dose of MTX had been taken (usually 1 g to 2 g), 57.7% sometimes performed liver biopsy, and 16.8% never performed liver biopsy. Of pediatric gastroenterologists, 17.6% never used MTX, but those who used it prescribed it subcutaneously (80.0%) more often than intramuscularly (17.5%) or orally (2.5%).CONCLUSIONS: MTX was used as a first-line immunosuppressive agent in patients with CD by a minority of Canadian gastroenterologists. When used, there is variability in how MTX is prescribed and monitored. Although hepatotoxicity is rare, liver biopsy was performed frequently and probably often unnecessarily.
Management of Acute Bleeding Upper GI Ulcers in the Era of Endoscopic and IV PPI Therapy
Authors: Ilnyckyj Alexandra , Mathew George 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapy, the morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal bleeding remains high. A review of current practice patterns was undertaken in St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba to assess the standard of care provided.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) attributable to a single acute ulcer is treated appropriately with respect to local therapy, acid suppression and Helicobacter pylori status.METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified patients with consecutive acute UGIB attributable to a single gastric or duodenal ulcer presenting to a tertiary care centre over a six-month period. The lesions were classified as high- or low-risk based on endoscopic appearance. Local care of the ulcer, acid suppressive therapy and management of H pylori were determined by reviewing pertinent chart materials. Appropriate care was defined for all three end points a priori using literature-supported standards of care.RESULTS: Fifty-five patients who met study criteria were identified. Twenty-six of 55 (47%) and 29 of 55 (52%) lesions were considered to be low- and high-risk respectively. Of the high-risk lesions, two of 29 received no local therapy, 24 of 29 received adrenaline injection and two had an endoclip placed. Of the 27 patients whose lesions were treated, 16 received thermal coagulation. Twenty-five of 29 (88%) received intravenous proton pump inhibitors. Thirty-three of 55 (55%) patients did not have H pylori status considered in their management.CONCLUSION: Weaknesses in the management of UGIB were identified, particularly with respect to addressing the role of H pylori. Fragmentation and compartmentalization of patient care may be important contributing factors.
Gastrointestinal Complications after Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Sixteen Years of Experience
Authors: Bolcal Cengiz , Iyem Hikmet , Sargin Murat , Mataraci Ilker , şahin Mehmet Ali , Temizkan Veysel , Yildirim Vedat , Demirkilic Ufuk , Tatar Harun 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are one of the serious complications of cardiac surgery. Although rarely seen, they cause major morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the risk factors acting on the GI complications seen after cardiac operations performed under cardiopulmonary bypass.METHOD: The present study was designed to retrospectively evaluate 13,544 patients who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, between 1988 and 2004 in the authors' clinic.RESULTS: The overall mortality was 346 (2.55%) of 13,544 patients. GI complications developed in 128 patients (0.94%). Among those, 18 (14.1%) died because of GI complications, the most common of which was bleeding. Mesenteric ischemia had the highest case-fatality rate at 71.4%. Valve surgery, concomitant valve and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, preoperative chronic renal dysfunction, postoperative acute renal failure, deep sternal infection, prolonged ventilation, need for intra-aortic balloon pump and ejection fraction less than 30% were found to be risk factors acting on GI complications.CONCLUSION: GI complications remain a significant concern after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Higher-risk patients can be identified and treated prophylactically and in the postoperative period.
Os juristas e o direito em Bourdieu: a conflituosa construção histórica da racionalidade jurídica
Authors: Sckell Soraya Nour 
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar com Bourdieu o jurista enquanto agente de transformação social e o direito enquanto motor desta transformação. Tal análise pressupõe uma reconstrução de Bourdieu que possa superar a crítica de que ele teria uma teoria da "determinação" social que não ajudaria a pensar nas possibilidades de "transformação" social, sobretudo pelo direito. Questiona-se primeiro com Bourdieu sobre como o direito pode contribuir para a emancipação social (1); em seguida, sobre como o jurista pode se tornar um agente de emancipação social (2) e, finalmente, sobre que tipos de trabalho em sociologia do direito se inspiram em Bourdieu (3). Pode-se então pensar sobre a forma específica de luta política pela qual juristas, pelo direito, participam do que Bourdieu chama de construção histórica da razão.
Do Self-Management Interventions Work in Patients With Heart Failure?
Authors: Jonkman Nini H. , Westland Heleen , Groenwold Rolf H.H. , Ågren Susanna , Atienza Felipe , Blue Lynda , Bruggink-André de la Porte Pieta W.F. , DeWalt Darren A. , Hebert Paul L. , Heisler Michele , Jaarsma Tiny , Kempen Gertrudis I.J.M. , Leventhal Marcia E. , Lok Dirk J.A. , Mårtensson Jan , Muñiz Javier , Otsu Haruka , Peters-Klimm Frank , Rich Michael W. , Riegel Barbara , Strömberg Anna , Tsuyuki Ross T. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Trappenburg Jaap C.A. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Hoes Arno W. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Self-management interventions are widely implemented in the care for patients with heart failure (HF). However, trials show inconsistent results, and whether specific patient groups respond differently is unknown. This individual patient data meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of self-management interventions in patients with HF and whether subgroups of patients respond differently.

Methods and Results—

A systematic literature search identified randomized trials of self-management interventions. Data from 20 studies, representing 5624 patients, were included and analyzed with the use of mixed-effects models and Cox proportional-hazard models, including interaction terms. Self-management interventions reduced the risk of time to the combined end point of HF-related hospitalization or all-cause death (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.89), time to HF-related hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69–0.92), and improved 12-month HF-related quality of life (standardized mean difference, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.00–0.30). Subgroup analysis revealed a protective effect of self-management on the number of HF-related hospital days in patients <65 years of age (mean, 0.70 versus 5.35 days; interaction
P
=0.03). Patients without depression did not show an effect of self-management on survival (hazard ratio for all-cause mortality, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.69–1.06), whereas in patients with moderate/severe depression, self-management reduced survival (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06–1.83, interaction
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—
This study shows that self-management interventions had a beneficial effect on time to HF-related hospitalization or all-cause death and HF-related hospitalization alone and elicited a small increase in HF-related quality of life. The findings do not endorse limiting self-management interventions to subgroups of patients with HF, but increased mortality in depressed patients warrants caution in applying self-management strategies in these patients.
Modeling the integration of bacterial rRNA fragments into the human cancer genome
Authors: Sieber Karsten B. , Gajer Pawel , Dunning Hotopp Julie C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Cancer is a disease driven by the accumulation of genomic alterations, including the integration of exogenous DNA into the human somatic genome. We previously identified in silico evidence of DNA fragments from a Pseudomonas-like bacteria integrating into the 5′-UTR of four proto-oncogenes in stomach cancer sequencing data. The functional and biological consequences of these bacterial DNA integrations remain unknown.

Results
Modeling of these integrations suggests that the previously identified sequences cover most of the sequence flanking the junction between the bacterial and human DNA. Further examination of these reads reveals that these integrations are rich in guanine nucleotides and the integrated bacterial DNA may have complex transcript secondary structures.

Conclusions
The models presented here lay the foundation for future experiments to test if bacterial DNA integrations alter the transcription of the human genes.
Revisiting the Statutory Regulation of Accounting for Small Businesses
Authors: Терехова  , Terekhova E. 
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to problems of development of small and medium businesses in the Russian Federation,
the main of which, according to the author — the lack of an independent set of documents regulating the activities of
such organizations, accounting and preparation of financial (accounting) statements, as well as possible ways of solutions
indicated in this article problems.
PENGEMBANGAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DENGAN PENDEKATAN KOTA HIJAU DI KOTA KANDANGAN
Authors: Hayati Jamilah , Sitorus Santun R P , Nurisjah Siti 
Published: March 2016

<div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: solid white 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid white .5pt; padding: 10.0pt 10.0pt 10.0pt 10.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 14.2pt;"><p class="AbstractEnglish" style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;">According to Act No 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, each region is required to provide 30% of its territory as green open space (RTH), sharing of 20% as public RTH and 10% as private RTH. Ministry of Public Works introduced the Green City Development Program (P2KH) <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE &lt;EndNote&gt;&lt;Cite&gt;&lt;Author&gt;Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum&lt;/Author&gt;&lt;Year&gt;2012&lt;/Year&gt;&lt;RecNum&gt;117&lt;/RecNum&gt;&lt;DisplayText&gt;(Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, 2012)&lt;/DisplayText&gt;&lt;record&gt;&lt;rec-number&gt;117&lt;/rec-number&gt;&lt;foreign-keys&gt;&lt;key app=&quot;EN&quot; db-id=&quot;0ddwvt090xs55he09tn5ptsyatxsfzwr2wez&quot;&gt;117&lt;/key&gt;&lt;/foreign-keys&gt;&lt;ref-type name=&quot;Legal Rule or Regulation&quot;&gt;50&lt;/ref-type&gt;&lt;contributors&gt;&lt;authors&gt;&lt;author&gt;Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum,&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/authors&gt;&lt;/contributors&gt;&lt;titles&gt;&lt;title&gt; Program Pengembangan Kota Hijau (P2KH) Panduan Pelaksanaan&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/titles&gt;&lt;dates&gt;&lt;year&gt;2012&lt;/year&gt;&lt;/dates&gt;&lt;pub-location&gt;Jakarta&lt;/pub-location&gt;&lt;publisher&gt;Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum&lt;/publisher&gt;&lt;urls&gt;&lt;/urls&gt;&lt;/record&gt;&lt;/Cite&gt;&lt;/EndNote&gt;<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]-->(<a title="Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, 2012 #117" href="file:///E:/TATALOKA/2013/versi%20cetak/november/8.%20Jamilah.docx#_ENREF_8"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, 2012</span></a>)<!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> to assist the implementation of the mandate of this Act. This study aims to identify and predict the needs of public RTH in Kandangan City and organize referrals for expansion using Green City approach. The needs of RTH is calculated based on vast territory, population and comfort index. Comfort index of Kandangan City are in comfortable range. Based on vast territory, it takes 735,39 ha land for public RTH. Based on population, Kandangan City requires 170,81 ha. Atribute of Gren City approach used is Green Open Space. Compared with Zoning, Regulation, there should be more area needed for public RTH as green belt.</p></div>
HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN RECYCLING PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Akil Azilah M , Siong Ho Chin 
Published: March 2016

<p>The increase in per capita income and rapid urbanization, have contributed significantly to changes in consumption behaviour leading to increased waste generation. Waste disposed to landfill sites is fast becoming unfeasible thus requiring a more effective management of waste material involving waste reduction, reuse and recycling. The success of recycling program, however, is largely dependent on household participation activities which are essentially behaviour driven. The recycling performance of Malaysian households is still low as it stands at 5.5% compared to Singapore and Vietnam which are 56% and 22% respectively. This study examines recycling behaviour among households and the influence of socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural characteristics on households’ participation in recycling program in Malaysia. A sample of 300 randomly selected household were surveyed. The findings revealed that most of the households (70%) claim that they are practicing recycling particularly types of paper and old clothes. The factors of participation in recycling show equal results both for environmental concerns and economic benefits. Those who did not participate in recycling, listed household issues or behaviour, namely lack of time and materials to recycle, inconvenient, lack of space, lack of facilities and information as well as laziness, as barriers. The paper finally highlights the factors which can encourage household to be involved in recycling and give recommendations to the authorities in terms of facilities and infrastructures to facilitate the program.</p>
Demographic changes in the area of Śląskie voivodeship – retrospective analysis and projection until 2050
Authors: Sojka Elżbieta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to present already observed as well as expected changes in the condition and age structure of the population of Śląskie voivodeship. The analysis concerns the years between 1990 and 2050. The paper presents changes in population in the years from 1990 to 2013 and the projection of the population situation in 2050. Special attention is focussed on the process of changes in population functional age groups, also the dynamics and the level of ageing advancement of population in total as well as of particular age groups which are significant from the point of view of labour market and future births are presented.
Constructing Synthetic Samples
Authors: Dong Hua , Meeden Glen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We consider the problem of constructing a synthetic sample from a population of interest which cannot be sampled from but for which the population means of some of its variables are known. In addition, we assume that we have in hand samples from two similar populations. Using the known population means, we will select subsamples from the samples of the other two populations which we will then combine to construct the synthetic sample. The synthetic sample is obtained by solving an optimization problem, where the known population means, are used as constraints. The optimization is achieved through an adaptive random search algorithm. Simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We observe that on average, such synthetic samples behave very much like actual samples from the population of interest. As an application we consider constructing a one-percent synthetic sample for the missing 1890 decennial sample of the United States.
SELEKT – A Generic Tool for Selective Editing
Authors: Norberg Anders 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of selective editing is to make the often resource-demanding traditional editing process in business surveys more effective without a substantial loss in the precision of the output statistics. Recently, Statistics Sweden has developed a generic software package for selective editing called SELEKT. The method underpinning the software promotes continuous measurement of the suspicion of error response rather than a dichotomous measure using traditional edits. SELEKT is flexible and can be used in the production of surveys with different designs. Business surveys have diverse output regarding the number of variables, statistical measures, and domains of study definitions. The key objective of selective editing is to rank suspected errors in data according to the anticipated impact on the output. The software therefore has options to set different weights for different parts of the output to meet the needs of the main users of the statistics. Statistics Sweden has implemented SELEKT in eleven surveys to date. The experience gained will be used to provide recommendations on how to perform selective editing. This article will give an insight into SELEKT and its underlying theoretical base.
The Etiology of Syncope in an Emergency Hospital
Authors: Bădilă Elisabeta , Negrea Claudia , Rîpă Alina , Weiss Emma , Bartoş Daniela , Tîrziu Cristina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground. Syncope is a commonly encountered problem in an emergency hospital. Global cerebral hypoperfusion is the final pathway common to all presentations of syncope, but this symptom presentation has a broad differential diagnosis. It is important to identify patients for whom syncope is a symptom of a potentially life-threatening condition.Material and methods. We identified adult patients presenting with syncope to the Emergency Department of our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014. Of 590 patients found in the hospital database we further selected 217 patients who met our criteria, namely having a positive diagnosis of syncope (being clearly distinguished from other TLOCs) and an etiology of the disease. Thus, definite diagnosis was established retrospectively by reviewing medical records.Results. The demographics of our group shows a slightly different distribution between men and women (49% men and 51% women) and a majority of the urban population (67%). As for the age range, most of our patients were in the age group of 70-80 years (30%), 29% were > 80 years old, and the percentage decreases significantly in the 60-70 years range (17%). The most frequent causes of syncope were cardiac (32%), vasovagal (23%) and due to orthostatic hypotension (12%), but we have also found various cases of mixt or iatrogenic causes.Conclusions. The incidence of syncope increases sharply after 70 years of age and poses special consideration in light of multiple comorbid conditions, age-related changes, atypical presentation, and concomitant medication use. The most common causes of syncope in this population are cardiac causes, orthostatic hypotension and carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Often, root cause of syncope remains undiagnosed, despite exhaustive diagnostic testing.