bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled analysis of oral microbiome profiles defines robust signatures associated with periodontitis
Authors: Soueidan Assem , Idiri Katia , Becchina Camille , Esparbès Pauline , Legrand Arnaud , Le Bastard Quentin , Montassier Emmanuel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Oral microbial dysbiosis has been associated with periodontitis in studies using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. However, this technology is not sufficient to consistently separate the bacterial species to species level, and reproducible oral microbiome signatures are scarce. Obtaining these signatures would significantly enhance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes of this condition and foster the development of improved therapeutic strategies, potentially personalized to individual patients. Here, we sequenced newly collected samples from 24 patients with periodontitis, and we collected available oral microbiome data from 24 samples in patients with periodontitis and from 214 samples in healthy individuals (
n
= 262). Data were harmonized, and we performed a pooled analysis of individual patient data. By metagenomic sequencing of the plaque microbiome, we found microbial signatures for periodontitis and defined a periodontitis-related complex, composed by the most discriminative bacteria. A simple two-factor decision tree, based on
Tannerella forsythia
and
Fretibacterium fastidiosum
, was associated with periodontitis with high accuracy (area under the curve: 0.94). Altogether, we defined robust oral microbiome signatures relevant to the pathophysiology of periodontitis that can help define promising targets for microbiome therapeutic modulation when caring for patients with periodontitis.

IMPORTANCE

Oral microbial dysbiosis has been associated with periodontitis in studies using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. However, this technology is not sufficient to consistently separate the bacterial species to species level, and reproducible oral microbiome signatures are scarce. Here, using ultra-deep metagenomic sequencing and machine learning tools, we defined a simple two-factor decision tree, based on
Tannerella forsythia
and
Fretibacterium fastidiosum
, that was highly associated with periodontitis. Altogether, we defined robust oral microbiome signatures relevant to the pathophysiology of periodontitis that can help define promising targets for microbiome therapeutic modulation when caring for patients with periodontitis.
Detection of hypertension from pharyngeal images using deep learning algorithm in primary care settings in Japan
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi , Tsugawa Yusuke , Fukuda Memori , Okiyama Sho , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe early detection of hypertension using simple visual images in a way that does not require physical interaction or additional devices may improve quality of care in the era of telemedicine. Pharyngeal images include vascular morphological information and may therefore be useful for identifying hypertension.ObjectivesThis study sought to develop a deep learning-based artificial intelligence algorithm for identifying hypertension from pharyngeal images.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial, in which demographic information, vital signs and pharyngeal images were obtained from patients with influenza-like symptoms in multiple primary care clinics in Japan. A deep learning-based algorithm that included a multi-instance convolutional neural network was trained to detect hypertension from pharyngeal images and demographic information. The classification performance was measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Importance heatmaps of the convolutional neural network were also examined to interpret the algorithm.ResultsThis study included 7710 patients from 64 clinics. The training dataset comprised 6171 patients from 51 clinics (460 positive cases), and the test dataset comprised 1539 patients from 13 clinics (130 positive cases). Our algorithm achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.922 (95% CI, 0.904 to 0.940), significantly improving over the baseline prediction model incorporating only demographic information, which scored 0.887 (95% CI, 0.862 to 0.911). Our algorithm had consistent classification performance across all age and sex subgroups. Importance heatmaps revealed that the algorithm focused on the posterior pharyngeal wall area, where blood vessels are mainly located.ConclusionsThe results indicate that a deep learning-based algorithm can detect hypertension with high accuracy using pharyngeal images.
Breast and endometrial safety of micronised progesterone versus norethisterone acetate in menopausal hormone therapy (PROBES): study protocol of a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lundell Christina , Stergiopoulos Nikolaos , Blomberg Liselott , Ujvari Dorina , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina , Kopp-Kallner Helena , Iliadis Stavros I , Skalkidou Alkistis , Hirschberg Angelica Linden 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionData suggest that micronised progesterone (mP) in menopausal hormone therapy is safer for the breast than synthetic progestins, while protection of the endometrium appears to be less effective. However, comparative randomised trial data are lacking. The objective of the Progesterone Breast Endometrial Safety Study is to investigate breast and endometrial safety of mP versus norethisterone acetate (NETA) in continuous combination with oral oestrogen.Methods and analysisThis multicentre trial, conducted at three University Hospitals in Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden, consists of two phases: part 1 focuses on breast safety and is designed as a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. 260 postmenopausal women will be randomised to 100 mg mP or 0.5 mg NETA per day in continuous combination with 1 mg oestradiol. The primary objective is to compare the treatments with respect to percentage change in mammographic breast density after 12-month treatment. Secondary outcomes are breast proliferation, endometrial histology and proliferation, bleeding pattern, gut and vaginal microbiome, hormone levels and coagulation and metabolic factors, mood, and health-related quality of life. Part 2 features an open, single-arm design to study endometrial safety of 1-year treatment with mP in continuous combination with oestradiol on endometrial pathology (hyperplasia and cancer). We will treat 260 additional women with 100 mg mP/1 mg oestradiol resulting in an endometrial safety population of 390 women. The total number of participants in part 1 and part 2 will be 520.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2021-03033) on 29 June 2021 with amendment (2023-01480-02, protocol version 3.1) on 14 March 2023. Results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05586724.
Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus standard oxygen on mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (SOHO)
Authors: Frat Jean-Pierre , Coudroy Remi , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Guitton Christophe , Badie Julio , Gacouin Arnaud , Ehrmann Stephan , Demoule Alexandre , Jarousseau Fabien , Carteaux Guillaume , Rigaud Jean Philippe , Reignier Jean , Sedillot Nicholas , Contou Damien , Beloncle François , Daubin Cédric , Dureau Anne-Florence , Fatah Abdelhamid , Besse Marie-Catherine , Ferre Alexis , Turbil Emanuele , Merdji Hamid , Galerneau Louis-Marie , Lacombe Béatrice , Richard Jean-Christophe , Romen Antoine , Delbove Agathe , Prat Gwenael , Lautrette Alexandre , Colin Gwenhaël , Soum Edouard , Bourdin Gaël , Hernández Gonzalo , Ragot Stéphanie , Thille Arnaud W 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFirst-line oxygenation strategy in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure consists in standard oxygen or high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. Clinical practice guidelines suggest the use of high-flow nasal oxygen rather than standard oxygen. However, findings remain contradictory with a low level of certainty. We hypothesise that compared with standard oxygen, high-flow nasal oxygen may reduce mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.Method and analysisThe Standard Oxygen versus High-flow nasal Oxygen-trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial comparing high-flow nasal oxygen versus standard oxygen in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for acute respiratory failure with moderate-to-severe hypoxaemia. 1110 patients will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups with a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome is the number of patients who died 28 days after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include comfort, dyspnoea and oxygenation 1 hour after treatment initiation, the number of patients intubated at day 28, mortality in ICU, in hospital and until day 90, and complications during ICU stay.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the central Ethics Committee ‘Sud Méditerranée III’ (2020-07-05) and patients will be included after informed consent. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04468126.
A digital health-supported and community pharmacy-based lifestyle intervention program for adults with pre-diabetes: a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Teoh Kah Woon , Ng Choon Ming , Chong Chun Wie , Cheong Wing Loong , Ng Yi Ling , Bell J Simon , Lee Shaun Wen Huey 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPre-diabetes indicates an elevated risk of developing type-2 diabetes and presents a window for preventive actions. The Pre-diabetes Intervention, Management and Evaluation (PRIME) programme is a community pharmacy-based pre-diabetes management programme that uses a mobile application for self-monitoring and pre-diabetes education, aiming to promote lifestyle changes among participants with pre-diabetes.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial that aims to evaluate the impact of the PRIME programme on participants’ clinical outcomes and explore participants’ and pharmacists’ views towards its implementation. This protocol describes the development of the PRIME programme and mobile app, its feasibility and implementation in community pharmacy settings. 16 pharmacies from two states in Malaysia will be randomised to the intervention arm or standard care. The study will include overweight or obese adults with pre-diabetes. During each follow-up visit at the pharmacy, intervention participants will receive in-depth counselling from pharmacists after reviewing their self-monitoring data recorded in the PRIME app. They will also receive pre-diabetes education through the app and join a peer support chatgroup. The primary clinical outcome includes changes in body weight at 6 months, while the secondary clinical outcomes include changes in blood glucose profile, lipid profile, blood pressure and adiposity measures. The sustainability of the PRIME programme will be accessed using a follow-up questionnaire, while participants’ engagement with the intervention will be evaluated using attendance rate and the app data. Focus group discussions and one-to-one interviews will be conducted for process evaluation. This study will inform the impact of community pharmacists-led digital health intervention in pre-diabetes management.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04832984) and approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Project ID: 27512).Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov (NCT04832984).
Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment for postoperative axial symptoms of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Xuhao , Yang Xiaolong , Dong Yuanwei , Liao Tiannan , Gou Xin , Zou Jinwen , Ren Liangjuan , Li Ling 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAxial symptoms (AS) represent one of the primary complications after cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) surgery. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a complementary and alternative therapy, is widely used in the treatment of postoperative AS in CSM. However, it lacks standardised treatment protocols, uniform therapeutic criteria, assessment methods and a sufficiently in-depth understanding of its mechanisms of action. These shortcomings impact the credibility of TCM treatment in clinical practice.Methods and analysisWe will conduct comprehensive searches, both manual and electronic, on literature published up to 31 July 2024, and database searches will commence after the publication of this agreement, with an estimated commencement date of 1 October 2024 and the end date of 31 March 2025, without language restrictions. Key databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, China National Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wanfang Database will be explored. In addition, we will include resources such as library journals and conference abstracts. After identifying and screening all randomised controlled trials focused on TCM for postoperative AS of CSM, the two investigators will conduct a meta-analysis of the included studies. The results will be summarised as the risk ratio for binary data and the standardised or weighted average difference for continuous data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since this review does not involve individual patient data. The review’s findings will provide clinicians with evidence on using TCM treatment for AS post-CSM surgery, disseminated through peer-reviewed publications or conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024505160.
Fathers’ knowledge of neonatal danger signs and its associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kebie Adugnaw Bantie , Abitie Tilksew Ayalew , Mequanint Fikir Tadesse , Emrie Ambaw Abebaw , Nega Selamsew Kindie , Tilahun Werkneh Melkie 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess fathers’ knowledge of neonatal danger signs and their associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingEnarji and Enawga Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study was conducted on 613 participants in Enarji and Enawga Woreda from 13 May to 13 June 2022. Participants were selected using stratified simple random sampling. Participants with serious illnesses who were unable to respond to the questions were excluded from the study. A total of 602 participants completed the questionnaire. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted by four well-trained data collectors. To assess participants’ knowledge, 10 structured and standardised questions were adopted from WHO and the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. The data were analysed using SPSS V.26. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with knowledge about neonatal danger signs. An adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI and a p value <0.05 was used to declare factors as significantly associated.ResultLess than a quarter (23.26%) of fathers had good knowledge of neonatal danger signs (95% CI 19.9, 26.8). The study also found that several factors were significant predictors of good knowledge, including: secondary education (AOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.08, 8.24), college education or higher (AOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.09, 10.85), number of children (AOR 3.68, 95% CI 1.62, 8.34), history of sickness in the index baby (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.18, 4.01), fathers’ attendance on postnatal care visits (AOR 4.32, 95% CI 2.06, 9.08), history of neonatal death (AOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.80, 8.64), receiving information on neonatal danger signs (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.30, 5.64) and health professionals as a source of information (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.52, 7.04). These factors were all significantly associated with good knowledge of neonatal danger signs.ConclusionFathers’ knowledge of neonatal danger signs was found to be low. Therefore, substantial efforts are needed to enhance their knowledge. It is essential to develop strategies that actively involve fathers in the continuum of postnatal care for both mothers and newborns. Additionally, providing targeted information on neonatal danger signs through health professionals can significantly improve fathers’ knowledge.
The Understanding America Study (UAS)
Authors: Kapteyn Arie , Angrisani Marco , Darling Jill , Gutsche Tania 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe Understanding America Study (UAS) is a probability-based Internet panel housed at the Center for Economic and Social Research at the University of Southern California (USC). The UAS serves as a social and health sciences infrastructure for collecting data on the daily lives of US families and individuals. The collected information includes survey data, DNA from saliva samples, information from wearables, contextual and administrative linkages, ecological momentary assessments, self-recorded narratives and electronic records of financial transactions. The information collected focuses on a defining challenge of our time—identifying factors explaining racial, ethnic, geographic and socioeconomic disparities over the life course, including racial discrimination, inequalities in access to education and healthcare, differences in physical, economic and social environments, and, more generally, the various opportunities and obstacles one encounters over the life course. The UAS infrastructure aims to optimise engagement with the wider research community both in data dissemination and in soliciting input on content and methods. To encourage input from the research community, we have reserved 100 000 min of survey time per year for outside researchers, who can propose to add survey questions four times a year.ParticipantsThe UAS currently comprises about 15 000 US residents (including a 3500-person California oversample) recruited by Address-Based Sampling and provided with Internet-enabled tablets if needed. Surveys are conducted in English and Spanish.Findings to dateSince the founding of the UAS in 2014, we have conducted more than 600 surveys, including a sequence of surveys collecting biennial information on health and retirement (the complete Health and Retirement Study instrument), 11 cognitive assessments, personality, knowledge and use of information on Social Security programme rules, work disability and subjective well-being. Several hundreds of papers have been published based on the collected data in the UAS. Studies include documentations of the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and how this varied across socioeconomic groups; comparisons of physical activity measured with accelerometers and by self-reports showing the dramatic biases in the latter; extensive studies have shown the power of using paradata in gauging cognitive change over time; several messaging experiments have shown the effectiveness of information provision on the quality of decision-making affecting well-being at older ages.Future plansThe UAS national sample is planned to grow to 20 000 respondents by 2025, with subsamples of about 2500 African American, 2000 Asian and 3000 Hispanic participants and an oversample of rural areas. An increasing amount of non-interview data (contextual information, data from a suite of wearables and administrative linkages) is continually being added to the data files.
Comorbid ADHD and schizophrenia and the use of psychostimulants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bamford Jordan , Qurashi I , Axiaq Ariana , Marwaha Steven , Husain Nusrat 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSchizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are psychiatric disorders that have a profound impact on patients and healthcare systems globally. There is preliminary evidence suggesting a potential association between the two in terms of symptomatology and genetic underpinning. There is a paucity of guidance regarding pharmacological approaches for patients with comorbid ADHD and schizophrenia. There is a concern that psychostimulants may be more harmful than therapeutic. This scoping review protocol aims to systematically review the evidence for potential harm and benefit of psychostimulants among patients with comorbid ADHD and schizophrenia and identify research gaps.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will employ a systematic and iterative approach to identify and synthesise the literature on the topic of psychostimulant use among patients with comorbid schizophrenia and ADHD, based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. A search will be conducted in relevant databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science. Additionally, grey literature will be sought. The scoping review will involve two independent reviewers screening the search results. The initial screen will be of title and abstract, and the subsequent full-text review will determine eligibility. A descriptive overview of the eligible studies will be provided. This scoping review has been registered athttps://osf.io/cmn5s.Ethics and disseminationThere is a paucity of high-quality evidence available to clinicians when making decisions regarding the prescription of psychostimulants to patients with comorbid schizophrenia and ADHD. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to examine the evidence addressing this clinical scenario. This review, therefore, has the potential to contribute to decision-making processes for this patient group, thereby improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, as this review is designed to identify research gaps, we aim to contribute to the development of a research agenda that will benefit patients, clinicians and healthcare systems. The dissemination strategy will involve open access peer review publication and scientific presentations.
Effects of myopia on health-related quality of life in adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional causal empirical survey
Authors: Lu Liyong , Zheng Yu , Xu Yanjiao , Feng Junchao , Li Shunping 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveMyopia is a prevalent disease affecting adolescent vision and harms various health outcomes. However, the evidence about the effects of myopia on adolescents’ overall health status is limited. Using health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a comprehensive health measurement indicator, this study aims to evaluate the effects of myopia on adolescents’ HRQoL.Methods and analysisAdolescents’ HRQoL was measured by the Child Health Utility 9D instrument. Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Shandong province of China. To mitigate the potential endogeneity bias, parents’ myopia degree was used as the instrumental variable for adolescents’ myopia status. The causal model was built to explore the effects and potential mediators of myopia on the HRQoL of adolescents. Heterogeneity analysis was used to identify susceptible groups.Results108 657 adolescents with an average age of 12 were included in the analysis. Compared with adolescents without myopia, the health utility value of individuals with low, moderate and high decreases by 0.5%, 1.1% and 2.2%, respectively. The reduction of outdoor activity time and increase in electronic device usage time play the mediator role. Myopia leads to a greater decrease in the health utility value of adolescents in higher grades, boarding schools and low-income households compared with their counterparts.ConclusionMyopia impairs adolescents’ HRQoL and damages the overall health level of adolescents. The frequency of outdoor activity and electronic device usage could be the potential mediators. The susceptibility of adolescents in higher grades, boarding schools and low-income households would be exacerbated.