bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nineteen years of whistleblowing legislation in the UK: is it time for a more comprehensive approach?
Authors: Lewis David Balaban 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA 1998) was the model for South Africa’s Protected Disclosures Act 2000 and has been regarded as an exemplary piece of legislation in debates in other countries, for example, the Netherlands, New Zealand and some Australian states. However, in the light of international developments since PIDA 1998 came into force, in particular the principles contained in the Council of Europe Recommendation and the enactment of more sophisticated statutes elsewhere, it is contended that the UK legislation is no longer fit for purpose. The purpose of this article is to make suggestions for reform in the light of developments elsewhere.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper assesses the operation of PIDA 1998 (as amended) in the light of the case law and empirical research.

Findings
The paper makes detailed suggestions for reform in relation to both the law and practice of whistleblowing.

Research limitations/implications
The paper focuses on the main issues raised by the UK whistleblowing provisions. It has implications both nationally and internationally.

Practical implications
It is hoped that the recommendations will provoke thought about legislative reforms and changes in management practices.

Social implications
If the reforms suggested in the paper are enacted, it is expected that workers will be more confident about raising concerns about wrongdoing. This should benefit society generally in that economic inefficiencies can be dealt with and citizens can enjoy greater freedom of speech.

Originality/value
This review of the UK legislation over 19 years should be of value to academics, students, legal and management practitioners both at home and abroad.
Medical negligence in Bangladesh: criminal, civil and constitutional remedies
Authors: Hossaini Md Rafiqul Islam 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to determine the available remedies for medical negligence instances in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
This research work is qualitative in nature. Books, journal articles, case law and statutory laws have been reviewed to formulate this work.

Findings
A victim of medical negligence in Bangladesh can approach the court seeking remedy under the Criminal Law, Civil Law and Constitutional Law. Moreover, medical professionals are expected to be aware about the legal consequences of their medically negligent practices, and they should indulge in ethical practices so as to avoid getting embroiled in controversial situations and litigations.

Originality/value
The main reasons for unaccountability of medical practitioners include the unwillingness of people to initiate action against medical practitioners and the lack of legal knowledge about the remedies for medical negligence instances. This paper will assist in gather the required legal knowledge.
The implementation of sustainability practices in Portuguese higher education institutions
Authors: Aleixo Ana Marta , Azeiteiro Ulisses , Leal Susana 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to analyze the current state of implementation of sustainability development (SD) in Portuguese higher education institutions (HEIs).

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was developed to measure the level of implementation of SD practices in HEIs as well as the number of rankings, certifications and declarations of these institutions. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to all rectors, presidents, directors of faculties, departments and schools of Portuguese universities and polytechnics. A sample of 53 leaders was obtained.

Findings
Portuguese HEIs are mainly engaged in the social dimension of sustainability. The economic dimension emerges in second place and the institutional in third; the environmental dimension is the least developed. Except for a few specific topics (e.g. related to research on SD, and the offer of degree courses in SD), there are no significant differences between universities and polytechnics in the implementation of SD practices. Only 11 per cent of HEIs are innovators in the implementation of SD practices, and a majority of HEIs have implemented less than 34 per cent of the SD practices studied.

Research limitations/implications
This research has a national scope, and the results should be interpreted only in the Portuguese context. Future studies should include a larger range of institutional actors within the faculty.

Practical implications
This study provides valuable insights and theoretical and methodological guidance for future implementation processes supporting the transition to sustainability in HEIs.

Originality/value
This is the first study conducted in Portuguese HEIs with the aim of determining their efforts to implement and promote sustainability.
Universities and smart specialisation strategy
Authors: Rinaldi Chiara , Cavicchi Alessio , Spigarelli Francesca , Lacchè Luigi , Rubens Arthur 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The paper analyses the emerging role of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) universities in contemporary society via third- and fourth-mission activities. In particular, the paper investigates the potential contributions that SSH universities can offer in developing and enhancing capacities, supporting the changing conception of innovation coherently through a Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The case study presents multiple third- and fourth-mission activities carried out by the University of Macerata (Italy). The activities are framed according to the roles universities could have in supporting S3.

Findings
Within third- and fourth-mission activities, SSH universities can play different and broader roles (generative, absorptive, collaborative and leadership), which could support regions in designing and implementing S3.

Practical implications
The paper shows the important contributions that SSH universities can make in their regions, both to support S3 and enhance the transition to sustainable development.

Social implications
The article emphasises SSH universities’ multiple contributions to sustainable development and to innovation in the knowledge society/economy framework.

Originality/value
This case study captures SSH universities’ contributions to S3 and the wider innovation paradigm, by highlighting their transformational effect on regional economies.
The “carbon-neutral university” – a study from Germany
Authors: Udas Erica , Wölk Monique , Wilmking Martin 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Nowadays, several higher education institutions around the world are integrating sustainability topics into their daily operations, functionality and education systems. This paper presents a case study from a pilot project implemented by the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald (hereafter, Greifswald University), Germany on its way towards a “carbon-neutral university”. The purpose of this paper is to share an institutional process targeting a gradual transformation towards achieving carbon neutrality. This might be relevant to other higher education institutions striving for a systematic and progressive change from a traditional system to a low emission or carbon-neutral pathway.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve carbon neutrality, three major transformative strategies were adopted: carbon reduction, carbon offsetting and mainstreaming sustainable actions via teaching and research.

Findings
A locally adaptable institutional framework on sustainability was successfully developed to: promote changes in daily operations, implement interdisciplinary research, incorporate sustainability into teaching and education and enhance outreach programs. Strong commitment from all stakeholders resulted in reduction of the university’s carbon footprint from 8,985 to 4,167 tCO2e year−1. Further, the unavoidable emissions could be locally offset through enhanced carbon sequestration on the university-owned forests.

Originality/value
Based on the experiences of Greifswald University, this paper presents major challenges and success lessons learned during the process of gradual institutional transformation to achieve the target of carbon neutrality.
Sustainability attitudes and behavioral motivations of college students
Authors: Perrault Evan K. , Clark Scott K. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeA planet that can no longer sustain life is a frightening thought – and one that is often present in mass media messages. Therefore, this study aims to test the components of a classic fear appeal theory, the extended parallel process model (EPPM) and to determine how well its constructs predict sustainability behavioral intentions. This study also strove to uncover students’ motivations and attitudes that are not present in the EPPM.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 779 college students was conducted.FindingsResults reveal that both threat and efficacy are significant predictors of behavioral intention, consistent with the EPPM. However, an analysis of open-ended comments reveals that subjective normative influence and incentives also play a key role in students performing future sustainable behaviors.Practical implicationsThese findings provide a framework to educators and message designers of sustainability groups on college campuses highlighting the importance of including multiple constructs in their messages to students. Threatening messages will not be enough to increase behavioral intentions. Fear inducing messages must be combined with messages to increase self- and response efficacy. Education is also not the only piece of the puzzle. Students state difficulty in performing some sustainable behaviors as a key barrier, indicating a need to incorporate infrastructure changes at campuses to facilitate greater ease among students to act sustainably.Originality valueThis study tests the EPPM’s utility in helping to find the most effective ways to influence college students’ future behavioral intentions toward acting sustainably.
Assessing environmental competencies of primary education pre-service teachers in Spain
Authors: Alvarez-García Olaya , Sureda-Negre Jaume , Comas-Forgas Rubén 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIn this paper, the results of an investigation aimed at analysing and comparing the environmental competences of future teachers undergoing training in two universities are presented. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the difference in the acquisition of environmental competences amongst two groups of students enrolled in two universities with different levels of introduction of the environmental education (EE) and sustainability contents in their curriculums. This objective is inserted into a wider finality: to provide recommendations regarding the redesign of pre-service teacher training curricula and learning programmes.Design/methodology/approachA specifically designed questionnaire was used in this study to analyse the environmental competencies of students in the final year of their degree in primary education in two Spanish universities. One of them had a highly environmentally oriented programme, and the other had a scarcely environmentally oriented programme.FindingsResults show that no significant differences were observed in the results related to the greening level of the training programmes. Pre-service teachers have insufficient environmental knowledge, but with quite positive, responsible attitudes towards environmental issues, and pro-environmental actions that could be categorised as moderate. Results point to the need for further and better pre-service teacher training in environmental issues.Originality/valueOne of the main factors in the appropriate treatment of EE in schools is teacher training. Despite this principle being widely recognised, not all pre-service teacher training programmes adequately address EE. The added value of this paper is the comparison established between the students that followed a degree with a high impact of the environmental competences in its curriculum and another one that has very few references to these competences in the curriculum.
Toward sustainable publishing and querying of distributed Linked Data archives
Authors: Vander Sande Miel , Verborgh Ruben , Hochstenbach Patrick , Van de Sompel Herbert 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detail a low-cost, low-maintenance publishing strategy aimed at unlocking the value of Linked Data collections held by libraries, archives and museums (LAMs).Design/methodology/approachThe shortcomings of commonly used Linked Data publishing approaches are identified, and the current lack of substantial collections of Linked Data exposed by LAMs is considered. To improve on the discussed status quo, a novel approach for publishing Linked Data is proposed and demonstrated by means of an archive of DBpedia versions, which is queried in combination with other Linked Data sources.FindingsThe authors show that the approach makes publishing Linked Data archives easy and affordable, and supports distributed querying without causing untenable load on the Linked Data sources.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach significantly lowers the barrier for publishing, maintaining, and making Linked Data collections queryable. As such, it offers the potential to substantially grow the distributed network of queryable Linked Data sources. Because the approach supports querying without causing unacceptable load on the sources, the queryable interfaces are expected to be more reliable, allowing them to become integral building blocks of robust applications that leverage distributed Linked Data sources.Originality/valueThe novel publishing strategy significantly lowers the technical and financial barriers that LAMs face when attempting to publish Linked Data collections. The proposed approach yields Linked Data sources that can reliably be queried, paving the way for applications that leverage distributed Linked Data sources through federated querying.
A supply network governance framework: a case study of the South Australian mining industry
Authors: Statsenko Larissa , Gorod Alex , Ireland Vernon 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The competitiveness of mining regions largely depends on the performance of the regional supply chains that provide services to mining companies. These local supply chains are often highly intertwined and represent a regional supply network for the industry. Individual companies often use supply chain strategies that are sub-optimal to overall supply network performance. To effectively respond to an uncertain business environment, policy-makers and supply chain participants would benefit by a governance framework that would allow to incentivise the formation of supply networks structures enabling effective operations. The purpose of this paper is to offer an empirically grounded conceptual framework based on Complex Adaptive Systems (CASs) governance principles, which links network governance mechanisms with supply network structure and operational performance to incentivise the formation of adaptive and resilient supply networks in the mining industry.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed method research design and a case study of the South Australian mining sector were used to collect empirical data. Qualitative interviews and network analysis of the SA mining industry regional supply network structure were conducted. The relationships between network parameters were interpreted using CAS theory.

Findings
An empirically grounded conceptual framework based on CAS governance principles is developed. The case study revealed that supply chain strategies and governance mechanisms in the SA mining industry have led to the formation of a hierarchical, scale-free structure with insufficient horizontal connectivity which limits the adaptability, responsiveness and resilience of the regional supply network.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are drawn from a single case study. This limits generalisability of the findings and the proposed framework.

Practical implications
The proposed framework draws the attention of the policy-makers and supply chain participants towards the need for utilising CAS governance principles to facilitate the formation of adaptive, responsive and resilient regional supply networks in the mining industry.

Originality value
The proposed conceptual framework is an attempt to parameterise the governance of the regional supply networks in the mining industry.
Optimization of postponement process for a two stage modular manufacturer
Authors: Bagchi Shantanu Shankar , Gaur Jighyasu 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Firms have increasingly been using postponement as one of the supply chain strategies to respond to rapid changes in customers’ demands. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimum level of postponement in the context of two-stage modular manufacturing setting, given the information about trade-off between level of postponement and associated cost is known.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical ratio for the manufacturer to determine whether postponement process is to be continued or not is identified. An algebraic formula for the critical ratio is obtained using which managers can identify the optimal level of postponement using differential calculus.

Findings
The authors have analytically arrived at the solution which gives the manager the optimum level of postponement. Here, they identify the optimum level of postponement in the context of manufacturing, given the trade-off between level of postponement and associated cost. They calculate the expected total profit with different demand scenarios. The parametric analysis in this study shows that if price of the product decreases, then optimal amount of postponement also decreases.

Research limitations/implications
It is important for a manager to identify the optimum level of postponement. In practice, managers usually take this decision on the basis of their judgment and trivial analysis of trade-off between costs and benefits of postponement.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors find an optimum amount of postponement for a firm to find an optimal balance between the cost and the benefit garnered by the postponement process.
I can’t but we can!
Authors: Chaurasia Sushil S. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of goal compatibility on value co-creation in a retailer–manufacturer outsourcing relationship. This paper also examines whether power balance, information symmetry and duration of engagement influence the above causal relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a structured questionnaire to test the relationship between goal compatibility and value co-creation through power balance and information symmetry, along with the moderating role of duration of the engagement. The instrument was administered to 230 top and senior management representatives from manufacturing firms located in 11 major Indian industrial cities.

Findings
Goal compatibility is significantly related to value co-creation. The results had also shown that power balance and information symmetry mediated the relationship between goal compatibility and value co-creation.

Research limitations/implications
Future researchers should examine these complex phenomena across more diverse industries and settings to enhance generalizability. Data should be gathered from both side of the channel dyad. Data should be also collected longitudinally to extend the current cross-sectional design.

Practical implications
Understanding the association between goal compatibility and value co-creation, with mediating and moderating factors can provide useful information to strengthen the inter-organizational relationship with maximizing mutual benefits.

Originality value
This research offers new insights into the links between goal compatibility and value co-creation. The retailers engaged in outsourcing can use these value drivers to understand their manufacturer and their respective priorities for value co-creation.
Aligning flexibility with uncertainty in software development arrangements through a contractual typology
Authors: Fink Lior , Wyss Simon , Lichtenstein Yossi 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify a typology of procurement contracts in the context of software development projects that allows firms to align design flexibility with design uncertainty at the project level. The theoretical lenses of contract theory and software engineering are used to explain why the five archetypes in the proposed typology provide gradually increasing levels of design flexibility and to develop hypotheses about the associations between design flexibility and a set of project cost dimensions.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested with objective contractual data from 270 software development contracts entered into by a leading international bank over a period of three years.FindingsData analysis confirms the existence of the proposed typology and shows that design flexibility is negatively associated with control and positively associated with coordination, trust, duration and price.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the findings are based on the contracting practices of a single, albeit sophisticated, organization, they shed light on the ability of firms to align flexibility with uncertainty at the onset of new projects by taking advantage of nuanced contractual mechanisms to produce a broader set of contractual archetypes.Originality/valueThis paper is the first in the outsourcing literature to analyze a nuanced contractual typology in software development projects through the perspectives of both contract theory and software engineering.
On the effectiveness of peer reporting policies
Authors: Lyons Brian D. , Bowling Nathan A. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeUnlike general codes of conduct, little is known about whether peer reporting policies achieve their intended purpose – that is, to increase the base rate of peer reporting counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). The purpose of this paper is to use a person-situation perspective to examine if and when peer reporting policies impact the base rate of peer reporting CWBs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 271 employed participants and used moderated regression to examine whether policy presence and strength (situational variables) enhanced the relationship between a subjective obligation to report CWBs (person variable) and the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. This study also explored whether these interactions differ by CWB target (i.e. the organization vs coworkers).FindingsBoth situational variables – policy presence and policy strength – moderated the relationship between an obligation to report CWBs and the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. The interactions also differed by CWB target.Originality/valueThis study represents one of the initial academic investigations into the effectiveness of peer reporting policies. It primarily draws on the person-situation perspective to explain why peer reporting policies should influence the base rate of peer reporting CWBs. The results support the impact of peer reporting policies, but also suggest the benefit of examining different targets of CWB to help clarify when peer reporting policies are actually effective.