bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual Effects on Crowding Perception: An Analysis of Antwerp and Amsterdam
Authors: Neuts Bart , Vanneste Dominique 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCrowding studies have a long history in urban geography and environmental psychology, although results are mixed at best. While crowding is found to influence residential quality and visitor experience and crowding perception models show some agreement on influential determinants, research is typically limited to a single setting, therefore minimising generalisability. To account for contextual effects, this paper tested a crowding perception model in two study areas: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Antwerp, Belgium. The results confirm that while most variables from earlier studies are significant, their effect on crowding perception depends largely on environmental context, with elements such as street layout, primary functionality of the area, and local culture affecting strength and direction of the relationship. The study reveals the importance of a case based approach to crowding perception, while demonstrating the overall applicability of the methodology and the possibilities of comparative analyses to suggest policy recommendations for specific areas.
Factor allocation, economic growth and unbalanced regional development in China
Authors: Liu Guanchun , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Chengsi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOn the basis of development accounting techniques and a factor misallocation framework, we use panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2013 to assess how factor allocation affects economic growth and unbalanced regional development in China. In particular, we decompose economic growth into three parts, namely sector productivity (SP), factor market efficiency (FME) and factor endowment (FE). We then conduct counterfactual analyses to investigate the short and long‐run roles of factor allocation in the income distribution across provinces. The results show that SP, FME and FE can explain 23%, 8.5% and 68.5% of economic growth, while labour, capital and energy reallocation account for aggregate productivity growth of about 47%, −4.8% and −0.1%. Furthermore, when the factors are efficiently allocated, transferring labour (capital, energy) from agriculture (service, industry) to the other sectors will increase the income per capita by 29.5% and 42.5% in the short and long term. Meanwhile, efficient factor allocation accounts for 32% and 29.7% of aggregate productivity and reduces the income variation across provinces by 25.5% and 23% in the short and long run, respectively.
Consensus guidelines for the identification and treatment of biofilms in chronic nonhealing wounds
Authors: Schultz Gregory , Bjarnsholt Thomas , James Garth A. , Leaper David J. , McBain Andrew J. , Malone Matthew , Stoodley Paul , Swanson Theresa , Tachi Masahiro , Wolcott Randall D. ,   for the Global Wound Biofilm Expert Panel
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground: Despite a growing consensus that biofilms contribute to a delay in the healing of chronic wounds, conflicting evidence pertaining to their identification and management can lead to uncertainty regarding treatment. This, in part, has been driven by reliance on in vitro data or animal models, which may not directly correlate to clinical evidence on the importance of biofilms. Limited data presented in human studies have further contributed to the uncertainty. Guidelines for care of chronic wounds with a focus on biofilms are needed to help aid the identification and management of biofilms, providing a clinical focus to support clinicians in improving patient care through evidence‐based medicine. Methods: A Global Wound Biofilm Expert Panel, comprising 10 clinicians and researchers with expertise in laboratory and clinical aspects of biofilms, was identified and convened. A modified Delphi process, based on published scientific data and expert opinion, was used to develop consensus statements that could help identify and treat biofilms as part of the management of chronic nonhealing wounds. Using an electronic survey, panel members rated their agreement with statements about biofilm identification and treatment, and the management of chronic nonhealing wounds. Final consensus statements were agreed on in a face‐to‐face meeting. Results: Participants reached consensus on 61 statements in the following topic areas: understanding biofilms and the problems they cause clinicians; current diagnostic options; clinical indicators of biofilms; future options for diagnostic tests; treatment strategies; mechanical debridement; topical antiseptics; screening antibiofilm agents; and levels of evidence when choosing antibiofilm treatments. Conclusion: This consensus document attempts to clarify misunderstandings about the role of biofilms in clinical practice, and provides a basis for clinicians to recognize biofilms in chronic nonhealing wounds and manage patients optimally. A new paradigm for wound care, based on a stepped‐down treatment approach, was derived from the consensus statements.
Use of Traditional and Genetically Modified Probiotics in Human Health: What Does the Future Hold?
Authors: Bermúdez-Humarán Luis G. , Langella Philippe 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Probiotics are live, nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer benefits to human health when administered in adequate amounts. Among the frequent proposed health benefits attributed to probiotics, their ability to interact with the host immune system is now well demonstrated. Although history has revealed that probiotics were part of fermented foods in the past, clinicians have started to use them therapeutically in regular diets. Moreover, the use of genetically modified probiotics to deliver molecules of therapeutic interest is gaining importance as an extension of the probiotic concept. This chapter summarizes some of the recent findings and perspectives on the use of both traditional and genetically modified probiotics to treat human diseases as well as what the future may hold concerning the use of these probiotics in humans.
PERCEPÇÃO E CONFORTO DOS USUÁRIOS DO PARQUE TRIANON EM SÃO PAULO/SP
Authors: Dobbert Léa Yamaguchi , Prata-Shimomura Alessandra Rodrigues , Zanlorenzi Helena Cristina Padovani , Franco Maria De Assunção Ribeiro 
Published: September 2017

O excesso de impermeabilização do solo e a crescente verticalização, unidos ao adensamento dos grandes centros metropolitanos, têm prejudicado as condições térmicas do espaço urbano. A presença de vegetação em parque urbanos pode atenuar esses efeitos na medida em que proporciona maior conforto aos seus usuários. O presente estudo analisou a percepção e conforto dos usuários do parque Tenente Siqueira Campos (Trianon) na cidade de São Paulo. A quantidade de cobertura arbórea na área de estudo, assim como em seu entorno, foi calculada pelo método de classificação supervisionada. Para a avaliação das condições térmicas foram aferidas as seguintes variáveis climáticas: temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, temperatura de globo e a velocidade do vento, a fim de verificar as condições do microclima local. Questionários, contendo questões relacionadas ao conforto e à sensação térmica foram aplicados aos usuários para detectar o grau de satisfação em relação ao parque. Constatou-se, pelo relato dos entrevistados, que estes demonstraram satisfação e bem estar no local analisado. As variáveis climáticas aferidas mostraram condições de microclima agradável com temperatura (máx. 29°C e mín. 22,80°C) e umidade relativa (máx. 69% e mín. 49%) contribuindo assim para o conforto de seus usuários. Evidenciou-se a interferência da presença de vegetação na sensação de bem estar da população entrevistada comprovando a influência positiva das árvores inseridas no meio urbano.
Knowledge in Motion: An Early European Astrolabe and Its Possible Medieval Itinerary
Authors: Schmidl Petra G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article discusses the place and date of origin, the earlier whereabouts, and subsequent travels of an unsigned and undated early European astrolabe (International Instrument Checklist iic #0191) now preserved in Oxford, in the Museum of the History of Science. After taking into consideration earlier descriptions, it investigates the evidence given by the astrolabe concerning its localisation and dating, and suggests a possible itinerary of this instrument. In the Appendix a full description of the astrolabe is provided.
The Europeanization of Love. The Marriage of Convenience in European Migration Law
Authors: de Hart Betty 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The tension between the right to family reunification as laid down in European Directives and Member States’ concern to protect their sovereignty in regulating migration has resulted in growing attention to and concern about fraudulent family relationships (especially marriages of convenience). This contribution addresses the question of what forms of control are permissible from a European law perspective and whether national practices are in conformity with European law and fundamental rights. Looking at these national practices several problems are identified: definitions of ‘marriages of convenience’ extending beyond what European law allows; systematic checks of certain nationalities/ethnic groups, mixed couples and/or gender may amount to discrimination and the burden of proof seems to be shifting to couples. Comparing control practices for marriages of convenience with those of homosexual asylum seekers, it is argued that human dignity is at stake.
Schooling and Social Reproduction
Authors: Taylor Sandra 
Published: September 2017

The need for theory in the sociology of education which deals with both structure and identity is discussed. It is argued that such theory is particularly relevant to an analysis of how schooling acts as an agent of social reproduction. Using Berger and Luckmann's social construction of reality theory (1966) as a basis, a number of theoretical perspectives which are relevant to the development of a theory of schooling and social reproduction are discussed. Two levels of analysis are considered: firstly the development of identity in the school context, and secondly the role of the education system in the reproduction of the social structure. Drawing on these ideas, the paper attempts to begin to move towards a theory of schooling and social reproduction which deals with both levels of analysis. It is suggested that the school processes which centre on school organization are significant mediators between identity and structure. It seems to be important that future empirical and theoretical work in sociology of education should focus on this mediating level. Only when we fully understand how schools replicate the social structure can we develop a viable pedagogy for change.
Quality and Equality in Education
Authors: Karmel Peter 
Published: September 2017

During the past 25 years there has been a fivefold expansion in educational activity in Australia. There has also been a change in the atmosphere: the supportive environment of the earlier years has been replaced by hostility. In the education debate, this has been manifested in a switch from an inputs to an outcomes orientation and an emphasis on accountability. An assessment of quality involves the selection of the relevant elements of the educational system, the assessment of their quality, and the weighting to be attached to them. The selection of the relevant elements depends on the avowed purposes of education and these include social objectives as well as objectives for the individual. One of the social purposes of education relates to equality. The concept of educational equality can be interpreted at three levels: equality of educational provision, equality of educational opportunity, and equality of group educational outcomes. These have a bearing on social mobility and, to a lesser degree, on the distribution of occupations, income, and power. Quality and equality in education have many dimensions, and discussions of them are necessarily value-laden. Public debate abounds with simplistic conclusions. There are no simple summary measures of trends in quality and equality in education. Detailed analyses, with all the appropriate reservations and warnings, are required.
A qualitative study of healthcare provider perspectives on measuring functional outcomes in geriatric rehabilitation
Authors: Glenny Christine , Kuspinar Ayse , Naglie Gary , Stolee Paul 
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To explore, from the perspective of healthcare providers, the barriers to and facilitators of using standardized outcome measures of physical function in geriatric rehabilitation settings. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews with medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were conducted from three geriatric rehabilitation hospitals in Ontario. Qualitative content analysis through an inductive approach was used to identify barriers to and facilitators of outcome measurement in geriatric rehabilitation settings. Results: A total of 20 healthcare providers from different disciplines were interviewed. Barriers are standardized outcome measures that (1) cannot be used in isolation to inform clinical decision-making for older patients, (2) are difficult to complete and interpret in older complex patients, (3) may not be useful for all members of the clinical team and (4) are used for reasons unrelated to patient care. Facilitators are to (1) divide the standardized outcome measure into components that are useful for each team member’s practice, (2) encourage standardized outcome measures as tools for improving daily communication and (3) provide adequate education and support for their daily use. Conclusion: This study revealed important barriers to using standardized outcome measures in geriatric rehabilitation from the perspective of healthcare providers. However, it also identified multiple factors that may help facilitate their use.
Transthoracic Coronary Flow Data at Rest Predict High-Risk Stress Tests
Authors: Zagatina Angela , Zhuravskaya Nadezhda , Vareldzhyan Yuliya , Kamenskikh Maxim , Shmatov Dmitry , Benacka Jozef , Kucera Martin , Kruzliak Peter 
Published: September 2017

Background Several recent studies have reported the opportunity to diagnose significant narrowing of the coronary arteries without stress testing using local flow acceleration. Purpose To define how often patients with increased coronary flow velocities at rest (≥ 0.70 m/s) have a positive exercise echocardiography test. Material and Methods A total of 150 patients scheduled for exercise echocardiography were studied using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in order to assess coronary artery flow velocity before exercise. Pulsed wave Doppler registered blood flow velocity placed on the color signal. The maximal diastolic velocity of coronary flow was measured. Results Of participants, 16% had a velocity of more than 0.70 m/s in the left main/proximal left anterior/proximal left circumflex arteries (LM/pLAD). A significant correlation was observed between the value of the maximal velocity in LM/pLAD and the ejection fraction at the peak of exercise ( r ≈ –0.39, P < 0.0001); between the value of the maximal velocity in LM/pLAD and index of wall motion abnormalities (IWMA) at the peak of exercise ( r ≈ 0.44, P < 0.0001); and between the value of the maximal velocity in LM/pLAD and dIWMA ( r ≈ 0.41, P < 0.0001). Afterwards, severe ischemia in stress echocardiography tests was observed in this group. The average IWMA of these tests was found to be 2.3. Sixty-two angiograms were available for comparison with Doppler data. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the value of the maximal velocity in LM/pLAD/pLCx at rest and the severity of wall motion abnormalities during exercise tests.
Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in an STD clinic in Paris
Authors: Janier M , Lassau F , Bloch J , Spindler E , Morel P , Gérard P , Aufrère A 
Published: September 2017

Our objective was to evaluate the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and HSV-1 in a population of men and women attending the STD clinic of Hôpital St-Louis (Paris, France). Four hundred and eighty-seven patients (264 men and 223 women) were tested for HSV-2 and HSV-1 antibodies by specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Smithkline-Beecham Biologicals). Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out for correlations with clinical, socio-epidemiological and behavioural data. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 55% (44.7% in men, 67.3% in women). HSV-1 seroprevalence was 93% (94.7% in men, 91% in women). The predictive factors of HSV-2 seropositivity being female (OR: 3.37), age (OR: 1.04), country of origin (Central Africa OR: 3.52, North Africa OR: 1.36), history of genital herpes (OR: 10.97), hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers (OR: 1.92) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers (OR: 3.96). The only protective factor was HSV-1 seropositivity (OR: 0.25). The predictive factors of HSV-1 seropositivity were only the country of origin (Central Africa OR: 2.95, North Africa OR: 1.83) and the absence of genital herpes (OR: 11.01). Only 23 (8.6%) HSV-2 seropositive patients had a history of genital herpes. This study underlines the very high HSV-2 seroprevalence of patients with STDs, only a few of whom have a history of genital herpes. Detection and counselling is urgently needed for these patients.
Profile-Based Intervention: Developing Gender-Sensitive Treatment for Adolescent Substance Abusers
Authors: Ellis Rodney A. , O'hare Maggi , Sowers Karen M. 
Published: September 2017

Objective To identify differential treatment profiles between genders among adolescent substance abusers and make treatment recommendations based on those profiles, if identified. Method The sample included 137 adolescents in a residential treatment facility. Psychosocial Problems and problem behaviors were examined using a cluster analysis of 23 variables. When differential profiles were identified, the literature was reviewed for treatment implications. Results: Important implications for treatment based on the profiles were identified and discussed. Conclusions The current study suggests that treatment for adolescent substance abusers should have different characteristics for each gender. The findings have important implications for micro, policy, and research practitioners.
A Comparison of Using the Internet versus Lectures to Teach Social Work History
Authors: Faux Tamara L. , Black-Hughes Christine 
Published: September 2017

Objective This study's goal was to determine the effectiveness of using the Internet as a primary teaching method. Method Introduction to Social Work students in three different class sections were taught social work history using three different teaching methods. One class section was taught using traditional lecture and discussion, a second was taught through a self-directed Internet assignment, and a third was taught using a combination of the Internet assignment and classroom discussion. A pretest and a posttest were administered to each class section to evaluate learning. Results Contrary to preresearch expectations, it was found that students stated a preference for teacher contact over Internet instruction and performed better on a posttest when taught through traditional lectures than when taught through the Internet. Conclusion Using Internet-only instruction may not be the most effective way to teach students about social work.
Family Treatment of Preschool Behavior Problems
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: September 2017

Objective Behavioral problems in youth pose a serious mental health and social issue with early-onset problems associated with particular risk for continuation across the lifespan. Given these risks, social workers in clinical practice must be knowledgeable about empirically validated treatments in this area. Method A literature review was conducted on all family-based interventions with preschool behavior problems to determine the efficacy of various approaches. Using these search criteria, only behaviorally oriented parent-training interventions were located. Results Both group and individual parent-training approaches have been found effective over control conditions. When considering cognitive-behavioral adjunctive packages to parent training, more advantages are posed for child rather than parent supplements. Conclusions Not only should social workers be using empirically validated approaches but they can also be involved in evaluating other family-based interventions with preschool behavior problems.
Dealing with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Psychological Sequelae of Bloody Sunday and the Response of State Services
Authors: Hayes Patrick , Campbell Jim 
Published: September 2017

Objective This article describes the political context of health and social care services in Northern Ireland at a time of intense social conflict. Method Concepts from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other relevant international psychological literature are then used to study the experience of the Bloody Sunday families, victims of a traumatic event that happened in Derry in January 1972. Results High levels of psychological morbidity within this population are reported, alongside some evidence that families had not received services that may have helped resolve the trauma. Conclusions The authors noted that new services planned as a result of the current peace process may offer social workers and other professionals new ways to address the unmet needs of people traumatized by the Troubles.
Outline for the Development of a Screening Procedure for Children who Have Been Sexually Abused
Authors: McGlinchey Attracta , Keenan Mickey , Dillenburger Karola 
Published: September 2017

Objective Child sex abuse has become an increasingly well-researched phenomenon. Issues addressed include preconditions of abuse, short-term and long-term effects on the child, therapeutic interventions to help overcome the effects of abuse, and treatment of perpetrators. However, lack of reliable and nonintrusive detection and disclosure techniques remains a main obstacle for obtaining exact data regarding prevalence of child sex abuse, initiating effective treatment of the child, and ensuring adequate sentencing of the perpetrator. Method This article outlines the potential for a reliable and nonintrusive screening procedure based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm. Results The main issue addressed in three experiments was how current stimulus equivalence procedures may be refined to identify specific social experiences.
Freeing for Adoption in Northern Ireland: A Policy Analysis
Authors: Kelly Greg , Ince Emma 
Published: September 2017

The freeing order is a United Kingdom procedure that enables the court to vest parental rights in an adoption agency. This permits the placement of the child for adoption, with legal security, in advance of the adoption order. Objective To review the operation of the freeing order procedure in Northern Ireland. Method A study of social workers’ reports in the first 50 freeing cases of one Health and Social Services Board. Results The procedure is used infrequently. The process is fraught with delays resulting in very young children waiting long periods in temporary foster homes before moving to their adoptive placements. The children's mothers were from troubled backgrounds; more than a third had other children in public care or adopted. Neglect was the most common form of parenting failure. Conclusions The current legislation and procedures do not facilitate the movement of children from long-term public care to adoption.