bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatology of the middle atmosphere in LMDz: Impact of source‐related parameterizations of gravity wave drag
Authors: de la Cámara A. , Lott F. , Abalos M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGravity wave (GW) parameterizations control the mean state and variability of the middle atmosphere in present‐day climate models. The most recent parameterizations relate the GWs to their nonorographic sources (fronts and convection), which impacts the annual cycle of the GW drag, and makes the GWs respond to the changing climate. These issues are addressed using the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDz) climate model, showing first a climatology of the middle atmosphere in the presence of nonorographic GW sources. The model performance is comparable with that documented in earlier model versions, illustrating that there are no major difficulties in including nonorographic GW sources in models. A twin experiment where the parameterization of GWs has no link with the nonorographic sources is also performed. Provided that in the twin experiment the launched GW stress is very intermittent, its climatology compares reasonably well with the experiment with sources. This illustrates that GW intermittency is a key factor in GW dynamics, but also that the dynamical filtering of the waves by the background flow strongly modulates the significance of the sources. Some impacts of having GW sources on the annual cycle of the zonal mean circulation of the middle atmosphere are nevertheless evident. In a changing climate, the impact of introducing GW sources also seems to be substantially mitigated by the dynamical filtering. The experiments and diagnostics are nevertheless limited in time and to the averaged climatology, respectively, calling for longer tests to measure the impacts on the atmospheric low frequency variability.
Electrophilic Activation of Silicon–Hydrogen Bonds in Catalytic Hydrosilations
Authors: Lipke Mark C. , Liberman‐Martin Allegra L. , Tilley T. Don 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHydrosilation reactions represent an important class of chemical transformations and there has been considerable recent interest in expanding the scope of these reactions by developing new catalysts. A major theme to emerge from these investigations is the development of catalysts with electrophilic character that transfer electrophilicity to silicon by Si‐H activation. This type of mechanism has been proposed for catalysts ranging from Group 4 transition metals to Group 15 main group species. Additionally, other electrophilic silicon species, such as silylene complexes and η3‐H2SiRR′ complexes, have been identified as intermediates in hydrosilation reactions. In this Review, different types of catalysts are compared to highlight the range of hydrosilation mechanisms that feature electrophilic silicon centers. The importance of these catalysts to the development of new hydrosilation reactions is also discussed.
Dichotomizing the Oxygen Electrocatalytic Properties of Doped Carbon Catalysts in Acid through a Salt‐Activated Synthesis
Authors: Yang Shiliu , Zhan Yi , Yang Liuqing , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe dearth of acidproof non‐platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a low pH environment has been the greatest challenge in the development of aqueous rechargeable acid metal–air batteries, which are free from the electrolyte carbonation problem of alkaline batteries. Carbon‐based catalysts by far form the largest group of non‐PGM oxygen electrocatalysts. The performance of carbon catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be improved by using a salt‐activated synthesis. This method, however, is not applied to improve the catalytic performance of carbon in the OER. In view of the very different reaction microenvironments for the ORR and OER, the carbon active sites for the ORR and OER are expected to be mutually exclusive. Is it then possible to switch between the ORR and OER properties of carbon‐based catalysts by using salts with different chemical labilities in a salt‐activated synthesis? This communication is a report of our investigation of the effects of lithium salts on the microstructure and performance of doped carbon catalysts in oxygen electrocatalysis in acid.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Novel Pt−Au Bimetallic Nanoclusters Decorated on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensitive Detection of Ofloxacin
Authors: Jiang Zhiming , Liu Qin , Tang Yuran , Zhang Mingxiao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPt−Au nanoclusters decorated on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Pt−Au) was facilely prepared by one‐pot electrochemical reduction. The morphology and composition of rGO/Pt−Au composites had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and electrochemical methods. Ofloxacin is a member of synthetic quinolones which has been widely used for the treatment of common diseases in humans and animals. The performance of the rGO/Pt−Au nanocomposite toward the oxidation of ofloxacin was compared with the other similar nanostructures like rGO/Pt and rGO/Au. In the optimized conditions, two linear calibration curves were obtained, from 0.08 to 10 μM and 10 to 100 μM ofloxacin. A detection limit of 0.05 μM ofloxacin was observed at pH 5.7 for the GCE/rGO/Pt−Au. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to determine ofloxacin in tablets and human urine samples and the results were satisfactory.
Hats Off to Self‐Organisation and Self‐Assembly!
Authors: Herz Andreas , Wang Dong , Schaaf Peter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetallic films of nanometer thickness are used for electronic applications in which they must be stable and not decompose into nanoparticles. On the other hand, nano‐sized metallic spheres of uniform size in a defined arrangement are very interesting for new applications in optics, sensor technology and medicine. Researchers are looking to nature for help in fabricating such complicated nanomaterials. The magic word is “dewetting“, a process that could enable their easy fabrication.
Identification of arginine and its “Downstream” molecules as potential markers of breast cancer
Authors: Hu Lu , Gao Yu , Cao Yunfeng , Zhang Yinxu , Xu Minghao , Wang Yuanyuan , Jing Yu , Guo Shengnan , Jing Fangyu , Hu Xiaodan , Zhu Zhitu 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBreast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Arginine is a semiessential amino acid in humans and is essential for several biological pathways in malignant and normal cells, such as ornithine and N1, N12‐diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm). This study aimed to determine the role of arginine and these downstream molecules in BC. Plasma arginine, ornithine, and arginine–to–ornithine ratio (AOR) were analysed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Urine samples were measured by the colloid gold aggregation to test determination of urinary diAcSpm. A principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the results observed between breast tumor and control characteristics. Differences in individual metabolite concentrations between BC patients and controls were tested by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses. Student's t tests were used to detect the differences between two groups of normally distributed variables, and Wilcoxon sign rank tests were performed for asymmetrically distributed variables. As we analyzed, BC patients had lower plasma arginine and arginine/ornithine level, and higher plasma ornithine and urinary DiAcSpm concentrations as compared with control patients (P = 0.028, 0.020, 0.002, and 0.011, respectively). And the ROC curve was drawn and the area under the curve of the metabolites was calculated to be 0.659 (P = 0.028), 0.645 (P = 0.045), 0.7233 (P = 0.002), 0.683 (P = 0.011), respectively. In addition, our analysis showed that arginine concentrations and AOR had a positive correlation with ER status, while ornithine had a negative correlation with T stage (P = 0.042, 0.083, 0.023, respectively).In conclusion, arginine and these downstream molecules were biomarkers for BC. More studies are needed to highlight the theoretical strengths. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):817–822, 2016
Strategy Induction Enhances Creativity in Figural Divergent Thinking
Authors: Forthmann Boris , Wilken Andrea , Doebler Philipp , Holling Heinz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInstructional effects in creative‐thinking tasks are important to understand in order to promote creative performance of individuals. In divergent‐thinking tasks, for example, instructional and strategic enhancement effects have been extensively studied for verbal tasks. However, while studies on instructional enhancement effects on creative drawing tasks exist, it is surprising that strategy enhancement in figural divergent thinking is still underresearched. In this study, we used a strategy manipulation approach to reassess the role of executive strategy implementation and the moderating role of an indicator of fluid intelligence, figural analogical reasoning, in two types of figural divergent‐thinking tasks (abstract vs. concrete). The sample comprised N = 75 high‐school students. Importantly, we found strategic enhancement effects by combining strategy instructions with a prompt to “be creative.” This combined instruction was contrasted with a standard instruction, and main effects were found for overall, concrete, and abstract creativity. Moreover, we found in a regression analysis a main effect for figural analogical reasoning on overall creativity and creativity for only the concrete object tasks. An expected interaction effect of instruction and figural analogical reasoning was not found. As another addition, the role of current motivation in figural divergent thinking was explored.
Conceptualizing Creativity: General and Cultural Biases in Gough's Creative Personality Scale
Authors: Luescher Raphael , Barthelmess Petra Young‐Zie , Kim Su‐Yeong , Richter Ulf Henning , Mittag Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study analyzes the validity of Gough's Creative Personality Scale (CPS) for the Adjective Check List (ACL) by using 1773 Swiss, South Korean, and Mainland Chinese students as a sample. Four sources of potential bias were identified in Gough's CPS, two of which are general and two cultural in nature. The two general biases were investigated by conducting correlation analyses and evaluating alternative scoring methods for the CPS. As a result of the first bias, checking a large number of adjectives was found to be more important for achieving a high score than checking the relevant ones. Due to the second bias, the CPS score mostly depends on the number of positive adjectives checked while negative items have little impact. The two cultural biases were analyzed using an implicit version of the CPS (iCPS) and factor analysis. The latter revealed three different clusters of creativity type: exploratory‐type, socially responsible‐type, and intellectual‐type creativity. Based on cultural background, they are all weighted differently, causing a potential experiential bias in the CPS. Findings indicate that in South Korea and Mainland China socially responsible‐type creativity dominates whereas in Switzerland exploratory‐type creativity prevails. Findings from the iCPS suggest the second cultural bias, the socially desirable responding bias arising from differences in responding styles among the three cultures.
Value of routine staging imaging studies for patients with stage III breast cancer
Authors: Piatek Caroline I. , Ji Lingyun , Kaur Chandan , Russell Christy A. , Tripathy Debu , Church Terry , Sposto Richard , Sener Stephen F. , Garcia Agustin A. 
Published: September 2016

Background and ObjectivesRoutine staging imaging studies (RSIS) are optional in stage III breast cancer (BC). The impact of RSIS on treatment decisions and patient outcomes has not been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether RSIS in stage III BC affected treatment or patient outcomes.MethodsStage III BC patients from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively identified. RSIS results and treatment plan in response to RSIS results were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models with time‐dependent covariates were used to assess associations between RSIS use and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsOf 420 patients, 362 (86.2%) received RSIS. RSIS were negative in 264 (72.9%), indeterminate in 77 (18.3%), and positive in 21 patients (5.0%) for metastatic disease. Treatment was altered in 21 (5.8%) patients based on RSIS results (20 with metastatic disease, 1 with indeterminate disease). There was no difference in RFS with RSIS use on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.73–2.5, P = 0.32).ConclusionsMost stage III BC patients underwent RSIS, but RSIS results infrequently affected treatment decisions. There was no significant difference in RFS with RSIS use. RSIS to identify metastatic disease for stage III BC has limited value. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:917–921. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Click”‐Triggered Self‐Healing Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Rana Sravendra , Döhler Diana , Nia Ali Shaygan , Nasir Mahmood , Beiner Mario , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: September 2016

Strategies to compensate material fatigue are among the most challenging issues, being most prominently addressed by the use of nano‐ and microscaled fillers, or via new chemical concepts such as self‐healing materials. A capsule‐based self‐healing material is reported, where the adverse effect of reduced tensile strength due to the embedded capsules is counterbalanced by a graphene‐based filler, the latter additionally acting as a catalyst for the self‐healing reaction. The concept is based on “click”‐based chemistry, a universal methodology to efficiently link components at ambient reaction conditions, thus generating a “reactive glue” at the cracked site. A capsule‐based healing system via a graphene‐based Cu2O (TRGO‐Cu2O‐filler) is used, acting as both the catalytic species for crosslinking and the required reinforcement agent within the material, in turn compensating the reduction in tensile strength exerted by the embedded capsules. Room‐temperature self‐healing within 48 h is achieved, with the investigated specimen containing TRGO‐Cu2O demonstrating significantly faster self‐healing compared to homogeneous (Cu(PPh3)3F, Cu(PPh3)3Br), and heterogeneous (Cu/C) copper(I) catalysts.
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A Brief Nonmotor Screen Combined with Transcranial Ultrasound may Improve Diagnostic Accuracy of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hayes Michael , Puhl Peter , Hagenah Johann , Russo Robert 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe addition of a simple nonmotor symptom (NMS) screen and transcranial sonography (TCS) to standard clinical assessment may improve the diagnostic accuracy of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsSixty‐nine subjects (23 established PD group, 23 healthy controls, and 23 possible PD) were enrolled. All completed 3 “yes‐no” NMS questions (score, 0–3) and had a transcranial ultrasound assessing nigral hyperechogenicity (score, 0–1). A combined PD risk score of 0 to 4 was obtained for each subject. A PD risk score of ≥2 was used as the diagnostic cutoff for PD.ResultsIn the established PD group, there was an average of 2 NMSs per person or a group total of 46 of 69 possible NMSs, but only 4 of 69 NMSs in the healthy control group. Of the technically satisfactory TCS, 16 of 20 (80%) of the established PD group and 2 of 16 (12.5%) of the healthy control group were TCS positive. Using ≥2 NMSs alone as the cutoff identified 17 of 23 (74%) of the established PD and 100% of the healthy controls. The PD risk score of ≥2 identified 21 of 23 (91%) of the established PD as PD and 22 of 23 (96%) of the healthy control group as non‐PD. In the possible PD group, the PD risk score identified 9 of 18 (50%) of those with a final clinical diagnosis of PD and 4 of 5 (80%) of non‐PD.ConclusionsThe combination of a brief NMS screen and TCS discriminated well between normal healthy controls and established PD. A positive TCS and one NMS, or a negative TCS with two NMSs, indicated a likely diagnosis of PD.
Prevalence and clinical aspects of immigrants with myasthenia gravis in northern Europe
Authors: Boldingh Marion Ingeborg , Maniaol Angelina , Brunborg Cathrine , Dekker Luuk , Lipka Alexander , Niks Erik Harmen , Verschuuren Jan , Tallaksen Chantal 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Multiethnic studies can provide etiological clues toward the genetic and environmental influence of a disease. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and clinical features of myasthenia gravis (MG) in immigrants compared with native patients in 2 population‐based cohorts. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 843 MG patients (375 from Norway and 468 from the Netherlands). Ethnic background was defined by questionnaires. Results: Among the participating MG patients, 163 of 843 (19.3%) were first or second generation immigrants, mainly from Europe, Asia, and South America. No marked prevalence differences were found between immigrants and native ethnic groups. MG with muscle specific kinase antibodies and MG with thymoma were more frequent in Asian MG immigrants compared with other ethnic groups (8% vs. 0–4%; P < 0.001 and 21% vs. 6–10%; P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Asian immigrant MG patients carry genetic factors or environmental/lifestyle factors which contribute to their specific phenotype, even after migration. Muscle Nerve 55: 819–827, 2017
A fully coupled method for massively parallel simulation of hydraulically driven fractures in 3‐dimensions
Authors: Settgast Randolph R. , Fu Pengcheng , Walsh Stuart D.C. , White Joshua A. , Annavarapu Chandrasekhar , Ryerson Frederick J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a fully coupled finite element/finite volume approach for simulating field‐scale hydraulically driven fractures in three dimensions, using massively parallel computing platforms. The proposed method is capable of capturing realistic representations of local heterogeneities, layering and natural fracture networks in a reservoir. A detailed description of the numerical implementation is provided, along with numerical studies comparing the model with both analytical solutions and experimental results. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for modeling large‐scale problems involving hydraulically driven fractures in three dimensions. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Aberrant methylation of protocadherin 17 and its prognostic value in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Uyen Thanh Nha , Sakashita Kazuo , Al‐Kzayer Lika'a Fasih Y. , Nakazawa Yozo , Kurata Takashi , Koike Kenichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe outcome of approximately 20% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor because of disease recurrence. We examined whether DNA methylation of cadherin superfamily genes is a useful biomarker for ALL relapse.ProcedureWe used Infinium Methylation 450K Arrays to assess genome‐wide DNA methylation status. The methylation status of each individual gene was then determined by a combination of bisulfite restriction analysis and genome bisulfite sequencing. mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse‐transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsCadherin superfamily genes including cadherin (CDH) 1, protocadherin (PCDH) 8, and PCDH17 were selected for analysis of methylation status. In 40 patient samples with B‐cell precursor (BCP) ALL at diagnosis, the methylation frequencies of CDH1, PCDH8, and PCDH17 were 62.5, 55, and 30%, respectively. CDH1 and PCDH8 methylation was also detected in 80 and 20% of control bone marrow (BM) samples, respectively. On the contrary, PCDH17 was unmethylated in all control BM samples. There was a significant correlation between the methylation status of PCDH17 (but not CDH1 and PCDH8) and event‐free survival or overall survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only PCDH17 methylation was associated with an increased risk for relapse and mortality in patients with BCP ALL.ConclusionPCDH17 methylation at diagnosis was closely related to poor prognosis and thus could be used as a new biomarker to predict relapse in patients with BCP ALL.
Atomic modeling of the ITS2 ribosome assembly subcomplex from cryo‐EM together with mass spectrometry‐identified protein–protein crosslinks
Authors: Wu Shan , Tan Dan , Woolford John L. , Dong Meng‐Qiu , Gao Ning 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe assembly of ribosomal subunits starts in the nucleus, initiated by co‐transcriptional folding of nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcripts and binding of ribosomal proteins and assembly factors. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) is a precursor sequence to be processed from the intermediate 27S rRNA in the nucleoplasm; its removal is required for nuclear export of pre‐60S particles. The proper processing of the ITS2 depends on multiple associated assembly factors and RNases. However, none of the structures of the known ITS2‐binding factors is available. Here, we describe the modeling of the ITS2 subcomplex, including five assembly factors Cic1, Nop7, Nop15, Nop53, and Rlp7, using a combination of cryo‐electron microscopy and cross‐linking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry approaches. The resulting atomic models provide structural insights into their function in ribosome assembly, and establish a framework for further dissection of their molecular roles in ITS2 processing.
Substitutions in Spodoptera exigua topoisomerase I modulate its relaxation activity and camptothecin sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhang Lan , Zhang Yanning , Mao Liangang , Jiang Hongyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTopoisomerase I (Top I) is referred as the cellular target of the camptothecins (CPTs) which are now being explored as potential pesticides for insect control. Three amino acid substitutions, including L530P, A653T and S729T, in Top Is of insects were found in our previous studies. In order to investigate the effect of these three substitutions, a comparative analysis was conducted between the wild‐type and mutant Top Is in Spodoptera exigua Hübner.RESULTSThe optimal salt concentration of A653T and S729T was 150 mm, which is consistent with that of the wild‐type Top I, while the mutant L530P showed maximum relaxation activity at a lower KCl concentration (100 mm). The mutated L530P and A653T Top Is showed a higher relaxation efficiency owing to an increased relaxation velocity toward the negatively supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA, which rendered L530P and A653T resistant to CPTs, whereas mutant S729T exhibited sensitivity to CPTs as a result of a decreased relaxation activity toward plasmid pBR322 DNA.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggested that the polymorphism in Top I of insects was related to the biological activity of CPTs, which provided the basic information for reasonable usage of CPTs to control insect pests. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry