bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spray drying of pomegranate juice using maltodextrin/cyclodextrin blends as the wall material
Authors: Watson Michael A. , Lea Jeanne M. , Bett‐Garber Karen L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicroencapsulation protects sensitive nutrients, masks flavors, or enhances delivery. Ratios of maltodextrin and γ‐cyclodextrin (20:0, 19:1, and 17:3% w/w) were dissolved in water and mixed with pomegranate juice for spray drying with inlet temperatures of 120, 140, and 160°C. The effects on physical properties (water activity, % water content, color, pH, soluble solids (Brix), and methyl cellulose precipitable tannin assay (MCPTA) were examined. Based on the principle component analysis, formulation influenced color parameters and pH accounted for 46.8% of the variation in the data. Temperature influenced Chroma and water‐holding capacity with 31.8% of the variation. The pH of the reconstituted spray‐dried powder significantly influenced color. Blending of γ‐cyclodextrins to maltodextrins slightly increased the water‐holding capacity, increased pH, slightly affected color, and preserved the color over time, slightly better. Increased inlet temperature affected color, decreased water‐holding capacity, and decreased astringency index. Small additions of γ‐cyclodextrin affect spray‐dried powders.
Nutritional advantages of sous‐vide cooking compared to boiling on cereals and legumes: Determination of ashes and metals content in ready‐to‐eat products
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Daglia Maria , Meneghini Silvia , Di Lorenzo Arianna , Peroni Gabriella , Faliva Milena Anna , Perna Simone 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn order to guarantee the highest quality of ready‐to‐eat cereals and legumes, two different cooking methods have been applied: traditional cooking and sous‐vide. Ashes and metals content (magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, and copper) has been determined and compared in 50 samples of red lentils, peas, Borlotti beans, pearl barley, and cereals soup. All the samples cooked with sous‐vide showed a significant increase in the content of minerals with the exception of potassium in cereal soup, iron in Borlotti beans, and magnesium in pearl barley. Ash content increased in legumes and in cereal soup cooked with sous‐vide method. The higher different ashes concentration between total samples cooked with traditional cooking and with sous‐vide was registered in zinc (+862 mg), iron (+314 mg), potassium (+109 mg), and copper (+95 mg). Sous‐vide is preferred as it provides products with a higher concentration of metals compared to the ones cooked with traditional cooking.
Central compartment management in patients with papillary thyroid cancer presenting with metastatic disease to the lateral neck: Anatomic pathways of lymphatic spread
Authors: Likhterov Ilya , Reis Laura L. Dos , Urken Mark L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) occasionally presents with metastases to the lateral neck, without clinically evident disease in the central neck. These cases may ultimately manifest as either skip metastases to the lateral compartment or as occult metastases in the central compartment.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 80 patients with PTC with metastases to the lateral cervical lymph nodes treated from 2006 to 2015. Photographs of the cadaveric dissections were used with permission from the author. Schematic illustrations were created to highlight lymphatic drainage pathways.ResultsThe rate of skip metastasis in this cohort was 5%. Clinical evidence of central neck disease did not predict the pathologic status of the compartment.ConclusionPTC rarely spreads to the lateral neck without depositing metastases within the central neck. This finding is supported by the anatomic pathways for lymphatic spread, not previously highlighted in the English literature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 853–859, 2017
The Bandung neurosurgery patient outcomes project, Indonesia (Part II): Patient pathways and feasibility and acceptability of telephone follow‐up
Authors: Sutiono Agung Budi , Faried Ahmad , McAllister Susan , Ganefianty Amelia , Sarjono Kalih , Arifin Muhammad Zafrullah , Derrett Sarah 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionSupport of neurosurgery patients following discharge from hospital is important. Currently, little is known about patients' in low‐ and middle‐income countries before and after their hospital treatment. This companion paper reports patients' pathways before and after hospital admission and the feasibility of following up this ill‐patient population by telephone.MethodsEligible patients were aged ≥18 years admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital—a regional referral hospital in Bandung City, Indonesia. Clinical data were collected on admission by clinicians. In‐person interviews were undertaken with a clinical research nurse 1 to 2 days pre‐discharge, and telephone follow‐up interviews at 1, 2, and 3 months post‐discharge. Information was also collected on pathways prior to admission and following discharge. The number of contact attempts for each patient interview was documented, as was the overall acceptability of undertaking a telephone interview.ResultsOf 178 patients discharged from hospital, 12 later died. Of the remaining 166 patients, 95% were able to be followed up to 3 months. Two‐thirds of patients had been referred from another hospital. Patients came from, and were discharged to, locations throughout the West Java region. At the 1‐month interview, 84% participants reported that they had had a follow‐up consultation with a health professional—mostly with a neurosurgeon.ConclusionThis study has shown that, with a neurosurgery nurse delegated to the role, it is feasible to conduct follow‐up telephone interviews with patients after discharge from a neurosurgery ward and that in fact such follow‐up was appreciated by patients.
The Bandung neurosurgery patient outcomes project, Indonesia (Part I): Methods, participant characteristics, and pre‐discharge outcomes
Authors: McAllister Susan , Ganefianty Amelia , Faried Ahmad , Sutiono Agung Budi , Sarjono Kalih , Melia Regina , Sumargo Sheila , Arifin Muhammad Zafrullah , Derrett Sarah 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionLittle is known about neurosurgery patient outcomes in Indonesia. Our study sought to describe patient characteristics, health care pathways, health‐related quality of life, and health/rehabilitation care needs of patients admitted to, and discharged from, a major neurosurgery department.MethodsEligible patients were aged ≥18 years admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in a regional referral hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. Baseline data was collected on admission. An in‐person interview (in the Indonesian language) was held 1 to 2 days pre‐discharge. Sociodemographic along with clinical characteristics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and EQ‐5D‐5L data were collected.ResultsA total of 217 patients were admitted, 37 died before discharge, and a pre‐discharge interview was undertaken by 178 (82%). Almost half (48%) were admitted because of injury, 38% brain tumour, 10% acute illness, and 4% other conditions. The mean age was 41 years. On admission, 63% had a mild Glasgow Coma Scale, 31% moderate, and 3% severe. The average hospital stay was 8 days for injury and 24 days for illness patients. Prior to discharge, one‐third, or less, of the 178 patients interviewed reported “no problems” in the EQ‐5D dimensions of mobility (32%), self‐care (27%), usual activities (16%), and pain/discomfort (32%), whereas 70% reported “no problems” with anxiety/depression.ConclusionA large proportion of patients are being discharged with considerable levels of difficulty in four of the five EQ‐5D dimensions. This stresses the importance of providing good follow‐up and support of patients and their families.
Fracture Risk After Bariatric Surgery: Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Versus Adjustable Gastric Banding
Authors: Yu Elaine W , Lee Moa P , Landon Joan E , Lindeman Katherine G , Kim Seoyoung C 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe long‐term consequences of bariatric surgery on fracture risk are unclear but are likely to vary by procedure type. In physiologic studies, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) have differential effects on rates of bone loss. Therefore, our objective was to compare fracture risk in obese adults after RYGB and AGB procedures. Using claims data from a US commercial health plan, we analyzed rates of nonvertebral fractures within a propensity score–matched cohort (n = 15,032) of morbidly obese adults who received either RYGB or AGB surgery between 2005 and 2013. A total of 281 nonvertebral fractures occurred during a mean follow‐up time of 2.3 ± 1.9 years. RYGB patients had an increased risk of nonvertebral fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.81) compared with AGB patients. In fracture site–specific analyses, RYGB patients had increased risk of fracture at the hip (HR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.03–2.30) and wrist (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.01–2.07). Nonvertebral fracture risk associated with RYGB manifested >2 years after surgery and increased in subsequent years, with the highest risk in the fifth year after surgery (HR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.58–9.64). In summary, RYGB is associated with a 43% increased risk of nonvertebral fracture compared with AGB, with risk increasing >2 years after surgery. Fracture risk should be considered in risk/benefit discussions of bariatric surgery, particularly among patients with high baseline risk of osteoporosis who are deciding between RYGB and AGB procedures. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Urolithin B, a newly identified regulator of skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Rodriguez Julie , Pierre Nicolas , Naslain Damien , Bontemps Françoise , Ferreira Daneel , Priem Fabian , Deldicque Louise , Francaux Marc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe control of muscle size is an essential feature of health. Indeed, skeletal muscle atrophy leads to reduced strength, poor quality of life, and metabolic disturbances. Consequently, strategies aiming to attenuate muscle wasting and to promote muscle growth during various (pathological) physiological states like sarcopenia, immobilization, malnutrition, or cachexia are needed to address this extensive health issue. In this study, we tested the effects of urolithin B, an ellagitannin‐derived metabolite, on skeletal muscle growth.MethodsC2C12 myotubes were treated with 15 μM of urolithin B for 24 h. For in vivo experiments, mice were implanted with mini‐osmotic pumps delivering continuously 10 μg/day of urolithin B during 28 days. Muscle atrophy was studied in mice with a sciatic nerve denervation receiving urolithin B by the same way.ResultsOur experiments reveal that urolithin B enhances the growth and differentiation of C2C12 myotubes by increasing protein synthesis and repressing the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Genetic and pharmacological arguments support an implication of the androgen receptor. Signalling analyses suggest a crosstalk between the androgen receptor and the mTORC1 pathway, possibly via AMPK. In vivo experiments confirm that urolithin B induces muscle hypertrophy in mice and reduces muscle atrophy after the sciatic nerve section.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential usefulness of urolithin B for the treatment of muscle mass loss associated with various (pathological) physiological states.
Implications of Vertebrate Craniodental Evo‐Devo for Human Oral Health
Authors: Boughner Julia C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTHighly processed diets eaten by postindustrial modern human populations coincide with higher frequencies of third molar impaction, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint disorders that affect millions of people worldwide each year. Current treatments address symptoms, not causes, because the multifactorial etiologies of these three concerns mask which factors incline certain people to malocclusion, impaction, and/or joint issues. Deep scientific curiosity about the origins of jaws and dentitions continues to yield rich insights about the developmental genetic mechanisms that underpin healthy craniodental morphogenesis and integration. Mounting evidence from evolution and development (Evo‐Devo) studies suggests that function is another mechanism important to healthy craniodental integration and fit. Starting as early as weaning, softer diets and thus lower bite forces appear to relax or disrupt integration of oral tissues, alter development and growth, and catalyze impaction, malocclusion, and jaw joint disorders. How developing oral tissues respond to bite forces remains poorly understood, but biomechanical feedback seems to alter balances of local bone resorption and deposition at the tooth–bone interface as well as affect tempos and amounts of facial outgrowth. Also, behavioral changes in jaw function and parafunction contribute to degeneration and pain in joint articular cartilages and masticatory muscles. The developmental genetic contribution to craniodental misfits and disorders is undeniable but still unclear; however, at present, human diet and jaw function remain important and much more actionable clinical targets. New Evo‐Devo studies are needed to explain how function interfaces with craniodental phenotypic plasticity, variation, and evolvability to yield a spectrum of healthy and mismatched dentitions and jaws.
Field‐assisted paper spray mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring: 1. the case of imatinib in plasma
Authors: D'Aronco S. , Dall'Armi M. , Crotti S. , Calandra E. , Traldi P. , Di Marco V. , Buonadonna A. , Corona G. , Giodini L. , Marangon E. , Posocco B. , Toffoli G. , Agostini M. 
Published: March 2017

The field‐assisted paper spray (FAPS) – mass spectrometric method has been employed to quantify the imatinib (IMT) plasma levels in treated patients. The quantitative measurements have been performed on the collisionally generated fragment atm/z394 of the protonated molecules of IMT and deuterated IMT (d3‐IMT), used as internal standard. The FAPS‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method exhibits some limitations, because of the high number of operative parameters that need to be carefully controlled. For this aim, papers of different geometry, thickness, and porosity were tested. To obtain a more focalized and intense electrical field, a stainless steel needle was mounted axially and placed at 4 kV voltage. The variability observed in the measurements was ascribed either to the inter‐individual variability (e.g. the concomitant presence of other compounds such as proteins, lipids, drugs and/or salts in the plasma of different patients) or to the uncontrollable variables in the instrumental set‐up (e.g. sample deposition, changes in paper spray conditions). Furthermore, the manual sample deposition and solvent dripping strongly affects the measure reproducibility. Despite this, it is interesting to observe that, once applied in blind on 24 real plasma samples, FAPS‐MS/MS led to results analogous to those obtained by the well‐consolidated liquid chromatography‐MS/MS, even if the mean coefficient of variation % (CV%) values of 20.4% and 2.6% were observed for the two methods, respectively. In conclusion, despite CV values are relatively high, it is worth noting that the FAPS‐MS/MS method is much more straightforward, rapid and economical than the liquid chromatography‐MS/MS one, and it appears therefore very promising for applications where a high precision is not always a required task, as e.g. in some cases of therapeutic drug monitoring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypolipidaemic effect and mechanism of paprika seed oil on Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Chen Xuhui , Ding Yongbo , Song Jiaxin , Kan Jianquan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetails regarding the functional properties of paprika seed oil are relatively scarce. In this study the hypolipidaemic effects and mechanisms of paprika seed oil on Sprague–Dawley rats are explored, which may improve the usage of paprika seed source and provide a theoretical basis of paprika seed oil for the alleviation of hyperlipidaemia.RESULTSIn capsaicin and paprika seed oil (PSO) groups, total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) in serum and liver lipids of rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The contents of serum HDL cholesterol were increased and the contents of serum LDL cholesterol were decreased (P < 0.05). Real‐time PCR analyses revealed that the hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) is decreased and the expression levels of HSL is increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) is decreased and the expression levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is significantly improved (P < 0.05). The cholesterol 7‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression is regulated to control the cholesterol‐to‐bile acid transformation and cholesterol excretion is promoted. Capsaicin and unsaturated fatty acid PSO can activate and improve the mRNA expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) and peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptors (PPARα).CONCLUSIONThe hypolipidaemic effects of paprika seed oil (PSO) may be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis via suppressing the expression of HMG‐CoAR, CYP7A1 and FAS, meanwhile, promoting the metabolism and excretion of lipids via up‐regulating the expression of LDLR, HSL, TRPV1 and PPARα. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of adjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy in esophagogastric cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to definitive surgery
Authors: Saunders John H. , Bowman Christopher R. , Reece‐Smith Alex M. , Pang Vincent , Dorrington Matthew S. , Mumtaz Errum , Soomro Irshad , Kaye Philip , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Parsons Simon L. 
Published: March 2017

Background and ObjectivesFor patients with operable esophagogastric cancer, peri‐operative chemotherapy confers a significant overall survival benefit compared to surgery alone, however only 30‐40% of patients demonstrate histopathological response. It is unclear whether those with no neoadjuvant chemotherapy response should go onto receive adjuvant chemotherapy, as no further benefit may be conferred.MethodsEsophagogastric cancers were prospectively captured with associated histopathological tumor regression grades following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This cohort was then interrogated for clinico‐pathological and survival outcomes.ResultsFollowing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery, patients with chemotherapy responsive cancers, who were administered adjuvant chemotherapy gained a significant overall survival benefit. Multivariate Cox analysis, demonstrated a final adjusted hazard ratio for adjuvant therapy of 0.509; (95%CI 0.28‐0.93); P = 0.028. In contrast, patients with non‐responsive tumors, who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, did not show any survival benefit. Chemotherapy toxicity was prevalent and contributed to only half of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsThese results suggest the benefit of the adjuvant portion of chemotherapy is limited to those who demonstrate a histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The administration of the adjuvant portion of chemotherapy to patients without a response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not provide any survival benefit, while potentially causing increased morbidity.
Vermicompost and Gypsum Amendments Improve Aggregate Formation in Bauxite Residue
Authors: Zhu Feng , Hou Jingtao , Xue Shengguo , Wu Chuan , Wang Qiongli , Hartley William 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImproving aggregate formation and stability of bauxite residue is essential for the development of a soil on the residue. Effects of gypsum and vermicompost on related chemical and physical conditions of bauxite residue were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. The addition of gypsum at 2% and 4% w/w reduced pH and exchangeable sodium percentage while increasing exchangeable calcium content. The addition of vermicompost reduced bulk density while significantly increasing porosity and total organic carbon. Vermicompost had a positive effect on the formation and stabilization of water‐stable aggregates in the residue, while gypsum was more beneficial to silt‐sized microaggregate flocculation. Amendments also enhanced the erosion resistance of bauxite residue. Furthermore, wet sieving using the modified Le Bissonnais' method revealed that in comparison with differential clay swelling and mechanical breakdown, slaking was the major disaggregation mechanism of residue aggregates. The combination of gypsum and vermicompost converted the residue from a sheet‐like structure to a granular macroaggregated structure while converting microaggregates from a grain to a granular or prismatic structure. The findings of this work suggest that application of gypsum and vermicompost to bauxite residue may directly influence aggregate size distribution and its micromorphology, resulting in the improvement of both aggregate stability and structure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calanus hyperboreus and the lipid pump
Authors: Visser Andre W. , Grønning Josephine , Jónasdóttir Sigrún Huld 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLipid‐fuelled overwintering by copepods can be a regionally important contribution to carbon sequestration in the deep oceans. Here, we estimate the contribution for Calanus hyperboreus, found in abundance in the northern reaches of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Estimates for regions with high overwintering populations, Fram Strait, Greenland Sea and Iceland Sea lie between 3.5 gC m−2 yr−1 and 6.0 gC m−2 yr−1 at depths of 1000–3000 m, comparable to the flux of detrital organic carbon at commensurate depths. Apart from the variation in the abundance of overwintering populations, these estimates are most sensitive to mortality rates. We present a general model based on metabolic theory and isomorphism that can be used to constrain estimates for data poor species in other parts of the global ocean.
Novel Anti‐Biofouling Soft Contact Lens: l‐Cysteine Conjugated Amphiphilic Conetworks via RAFT and Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Chengfeng , Liu Ziyuan , Wang Haiye , Feng Xiaofeng , He Chunju 
Published: March 2017

A unique l‐cysteine conjugated antifouling amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) is synthesized through end‐crosslinking of well‐defined triblock copolymers poly(allyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(allyl methacrylate) via a combination of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and thiol–ene “click” chemistry. The synthesized poly(ethylene glycol) macro‐RAFT agent initiates the polymerization of allyl methacrylate in a controlled manner. The vinyl pendant groups of the precursor partially conjugate with l‐cysteine and the rest fully crosslink with mercaptopropyl‐containing siloxane via thiol–ene click chemistry under UV irradiation into APCNs, which show distinguished properties, that is, excellent biocompatibility, more than 39.6% water content, 101 barrers oxygen permeability, optimized mechanical properties, and more than 93% visible light transmittance. What's more, the resultant APCNs exhibit eminent resistance to protein adsorption, where the bovine serum albumin and lysozyme adsorption are decreased to 12 and 21 µg cm−2, respectively. The outstanding properties of APCNs depend on the RAFT controlled method, which precisely designs the hydrophilic/hydrophobic segments and eventually greatly improves the crosslinking efficiency and homogeneity. Meantime, the l‐cysteine monolayer can effectively reduce the surface hydrophobicity and prevent protein adsorption, which exhibits the viability for antifouling surface over and under ophthalmic devices, suggesting a promising soft contact lens.
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