bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor Exposure to Natural Bright Light Prevents Afternoon Sleepiness
Authors: Kaida Kosuke , Takahashi Masaya , Haratani Takashi , Otsuka Yasumasa , Fukasawa Kenji , Nakata Akinori 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
The present study examined the effects of indoor exposure to natural bright light on afternoon sleepiness.

Design:
Participants took part in 3 experimental conditions: (1) a natural bright light condition in which they carried out performance and arousal tests sitting near a window (3260.0 ± 1812.43 lux) from 12:40 PM to 1:10 PM, (2) a nap condition in which they were provided a nap opportunity for 20 minutes from 12:45 PM, and (3) a control condition in which they performed the tests in less than 100 lux surroundings from 12:40 PM to 1:10 PM. Before and after each treatment, the same series of tests were administered.

Setting:
A temperature- and light-controlled sleep laboratory.

Participants:
Sixteen healthy female paid volunteers aged 33 to 43 (38.1 ± 2.68) years.

Interventions:
Indoor natural bright light and a short nap.

Measurements and Results:
Arousal levels were measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, Alpha Attenuation Test, Karolinska Drowsiness Test, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The tests were repeated every 30 minutes from 11:00 AM to 4:10 PM. Ambient light intensity was maintained at less than 100 lux, except during natural bright light exposure. Short-term exposure to natural bright light significantly improved afternoon arousal levels, as measured by the Karolinska Drowsiness Test and Alpha Attenuation Test, the effects of which continued for at least 60 minutes (1:10–2:10 PM). However, no significant differences were observed between conditions for Psychomotor Vigilance Test performance.

Conclusions:
Brief indoor exposure to natural bright light may decrease afternoon sleepiness. This technique of light could be used in work settings in which napping is not permitted.

Citation:
Kaida K; Takahashi M; Haratani T et al. Indoor exposure to natural bright light prevents afternoon sleepiness.
OCULAR HYPERTENSION AND GLAUCOMA FOLLOWING VITRECTOMY
Authors: Miele Alba , Govetto Andrea , Fumagalli Carlo , Donati Simone , Biagini Ilaria , Azzolini Claudio , Rizzo Stanislao , Virgili Gianni 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
Pars plana vitrectomy has been reported to increase the risk of ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized studies to compare the incidence of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in vitrectomized versus nonvitrectomized eyes.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE until August 2016. Data on ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma incidence and mean intraocular pressure after at least 1 year were pooled using random-effects metaanalysis models. Because only nonrandomized studies were retrieved, ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias in the review.

Results:
Seven included studies had a paired design to compare the outcomes of vitrectomized versus fellow eyes, with mean follow-up of least 12 months. Four studies (851 patients) provided data on open-angle glaucoma: incidence in vitrectomized versus non-vitrectomized eyes was 7.8% and 4.8%, respectively, yielding a metaanalytic odds ratio of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.08–2.57). Six studies (1,060 patients) reported on the occurrence of ocular hypertension, which was 5.8% in vitrectomized eyes versus 3.1% in fellow eyes (odds ratio: 2.03, 95% CI: 0.97–4.22), without significant differences in the mean postoperative intraocular pressure (mean difference 0.31 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.89).

Conclusion:
Although the review found increased risk of open-angle glaucoma with pars plana vitrectomy, the studies were heterogenous or inconsistent regarding ocular hypertension and intraocular pressure increase. Larger studies should be conducted in homogenous cohorts of patients undergoing macular surgery, excluding complex conditions such as retinal detachment or diabetic retinopathy.
The Effect of Cancer Patients’ and Their Family Caregivers’ Physical and Emotional Symptoms on Caregiver Burden
Authors: Johansen Safora , Cvancarova Milada , Ruland Cornelia 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Although there is significant evidence that the family caregivers (FCs) of cancer patients can experience significant caregiver burden and symptoms, less is known about the relationships between FCs and patient characteristics that influence caregiver burden.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cancer patients’ and FCs’ symptoms and demographic characteristics on caregiver burden at initiation of the patients’ radiation treatment.

Methods:
Two hundred eighty-one dyads of FCs and cancer patients who received a diagnosis of breast, prostate, melanoma, lymphoma, and head and neck cancers were recruited at the beginning of the patients’ radiation treatment. Measures of depression, sleep disturbance, fatigue, social support, and self-efficacy were obtained from both FCs and cancer patients. The family caregivers were also assessed for caregiver burden. Associations between patients’ and caregivers’ symptoms and demographic characteristics and caregiver burden were investigated using multivariate analyses.

Results:
There were significant associations between caregiver burden and the patient-related variables such as self-efficacy (P = .02), sleep disturbance (P = .03), and social support (P = .04). Among FC-related variables, higher scores of depression (P < .01), fatigue (P < .01), and symptoms (P < .01) were significantly associated with higher caregiver burden. Being a female, either as a patient or FC, increased the likelihood of experiencing fatigue and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion:
Caregiver burden in FCs is influenced by interplay of patients’ and their own symptoms and problems. These interdependencies exist from the beginning of treatment.

Implications for Practice:
Nurses should systematically assess the problems and symptoms of the patients and FCs and support them from the time of diagnosis to help prevent symptom development and deterioration.
The Impact of Couple HIV Testing and Counseling on Consistent Condom Use Among Pregnant Women and Their Male Partners: An Observational Study
Authors: Rosenberg Nora E. , Graybill Lauren A. , Wesevich Austin , McGrath Nuala , Golin Carol E. , Maman Suzanne , Bhushan Nivedita , Tsidya Mercy , Chimndozi Limbikani , Hoffman Irving F. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Miller William C. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
In sub-Saharan Africa couple HIV testing and counseling (CHTC) has been associated with substantial increases in safe sex, especially when at least one partner is HIV infected. However, this relationship has not been characterized in an Option B+ context.

Setting:
The study was conducted at the antenatal clinic at Bwaila District Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi in 2016 under an Option B+ program.

Methods:
Ninety heterosexual couples with an HIV-infected pregnant woman (female-positive couples) and 47 couples with an HIV-uninfected pregnant woman (female-negative couples) were enrolled in an observational study. Each couple member was assessed immediately before and 1 month after CHTC for safe sex (abstinence or consistent condom use in the last month). Generalized estimating equations were used to model change in safe sex before and after CHTC and to compare safe sex between female-positive and female-negative couples.

Results:
Mean age was 26 years among women and 32 years among men. Before CHTC, safe sex was comparable among female-positive couples (8%) and female-negative couples (2%) [risk ratio (RR): 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5 to 29.8]. One month after CHTC, safe sex was higher among female-positive couples (75%) than among female-negative couples (3%) (RR: 30.0, 95% CI: 4.3 to 207.7). Safe sex increased substantially after CTHC for female-positive couples (RR 9.6, 95% CI: 4.6 to 20.0), but not for female-negative couples (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.1 to 18.7).

Conclusions:
Engaging pregnant couples in CHTC can have prevention benefits for couples with an HIV-infected pregnant woman, but additional prevention approaches may be needed for couples with an HIV-uninfected pregnant woman.
Motor-Like Properties of Non-Motor Enzymes
Authors: Slochower David R. , Gilson Michael K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMolecular motors are thought to generate force and directional motion via nonequilibrium switching between energy surfaces. Because all enzymes can undergo such switching, we hypothesized that the ability to generate rotary motion and torque is not unique to highly adapted biological motor proteins, but is instead a common feature of enzymes. We used molecular dynamics simulations to compute energy surfaces for hundreds of torsions in three enzymes, adenosine kinase, protein kinase A, and HIV-1 protease, and used these energy surfaces within a kinetic model that accounts for intersurface switching and intrasurface probability flows. When substrate is out of equilibrium with product, we find computed torsion rotation rates up ~140 cycle s-1, with stall torques up to ~2 kcal mol-1cycle-1, and power outputs up to ~50 kcal mol-1s-1. We argue that these enzymes are instances of a general phenomenon of directional probability flows on asymmetric energy surfaces for systems out of equilibrium. Thus, we conjecture that cyclic probability fluxes, corresponding to rotations of torsions and higher-order collective variables, exist in any chiral molecule driven between states in a non-equilibrium manner; we call this the Asymmetry-Directionality conjecture. This is expected to apply as well to synthetic chiral molecules switched in a nonequilibrium manner between energy surfaces by light, redox chemistry, or catalysis.
Non-monotonic spatial structure of inter-neuronal correlations in prefrontal microcircuits
Authors: Safavi Shervin , Dwarakanath Abhilash , Kapoor Vishal , Werner Joachim , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCorrelated fluctuations of single neuron discharges, on a mesoscopic scale, decrease as a function of lateral distance in early sensory cortices, reflecting a rapid spatial decay of lateral connection probability and excitation. However, spatial periodicities in horizontal connectivity and associational input as well as an enhanced probability of lateral excitatory connections in the association cortex could theoretically result in non-monotonic correlation structures. Here we show such a spatially non-monotonic correlation structure, characterized by significantly positive long-range correlations, in the inferior convexity of the macaque prefrontal cortex. This functional connectivity kernel was more pronounced during wakefulness than anesthesia and could be largely attributed to the spatial pattern of correlated variability between functionally similar neurons during structured visual stimulation. These results suggest that the spatial decay of lateral functional connectivity is not a common organizational principle of neocortical microcircuits. A non-monotonic correlation structure could reflect a critical topological feature of prefrontal microcircuits, facilitating their role in integrative processes.Significance statementThe spatial structure of correlated activity of neurons in lower-order visual areas has been shown to linearly decrease as a measure of distance. The shape of correlated variability is a defining feature of cortical microcircuits as it constrains the computational power and diversity of a region. We show here for the first time a non-monotonic spatial structure of functional connectivity in the pre-frontal cortex where distal interactions are just as strong as proximal interactions during visual engagement of functionally similar PFC neurons. Such a nonmonotonic structure of functional connectivity could have far-reaching consequences in rethinking the nature and the role of prefrontal microcircuits in various cognitive states.
NOTES ON THE BIOMETRY, ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL LOCALIZATION OF THE NESTS OF THE GLOBALLY NEAR-THREATENED STRAIGHT-BILLED REEDHAUNTER (LIMNOCTITES RECTIROSTRIS)
Authors: Gonçalves Maycon S. S. , Pons Priscila dos S. , Andretti Christian B. , Bonow Felipe C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report the records of three nests of Straight-billed Reedhaunter,Limnoctites rectirostris, in southernmost Brazil. For each nest, we collected information about the biometry, spatial localization within the patch (border or inland) and cardinal orientation of the incubation chamber. Information on number of eggs and reproductive success is also presented. All nests were found early in September. The three nests were situated on the edge of patches and guided incubation chamber opening between north and east. All results are discussed. The information presented herein extends the scarce knowledge about the breeding biology of the Straight-billed Reedhaunter.
Dissociating frontoparietal brain networks with neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization
Authors: Lorenz Romy , Violante Ines R. , Monti Ricardo Pio , Montana Giovanni , Hampshire Adam , Leech Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the unique contributions of frontoparietal networks (FPN) in cognition is challenging because different FPNs spatially overlap and are co-activated for diverse tasks. In order to characterize these networks involves studying how they activate across many different cognitive tasks, which previously has only been possible with meta-analyses. Here, building upon meta-analyses as a starting point, we use neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization, an approach combining real-time analysis of functional neuroimaging data with machine-learning, to discover cognitive tasks that dissociate ventral and dorsal FPN activity from a large pool of tasks. We identify and subsequently refine two cognitive tasks (Deductive Reasoning and Tower of London) that are optimal for dissociating the FPNs. The identified cognitive tasks are not those predicted by meta-analysis, highlighting a different mapping between cognitive tasks and FPNs than expected. The optimization approach converged on a similar neural dissociation independently for the two different tasks, suggesting a possible common underlying functional mechanism and the need for neurally-derived cognitive taxonomies.
Advancing the physical activity curriculum at the collegiate level
Authors: Warren Bradley (BJ) , Odenheimer Brin Eleanor 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess college students’ pre- and post- health-related, fitness levels, as determined by the American College of Sports Medicine’s (ACSM) five components of fitness, in a one-credit, graded college course and to objectively measure any differences between those pre- and post- health-related fitness levels.

Design/methodology/approach
In a field setting, the investigators conducted health-related, fitness assessments using the ACSM validated protocols. In addition, descriptive statistics were collected including demographic information, such as, age and sex.

Findings
Paired-sample t tests were used to calculate the pre- and post-test scores for six fitness- and health-related categories across four semesters. There were statistically significant (p<0.001) improvements in six different areas in each of the four semesters with the exception of the resting heart rate and VO2 Max measurements in the fall semester of 2014.

Originality/value
This study builds upon the current body of work tracking trends in physical activity, college courses. The results answer health promotion scientists’ call for more research on the implementation and evaluation of programmatic interventions (Domitrovich and Greendberg, 2000; Durlack, 1998; Durlak and DuPre, 2008) “in real-world settings in order to understand if and how an intervention works” (Søvik et al., 2016, p. 238). This results in addressing a research gap in assessing the effectiveness of physical activity courses in higher education (Keating et al., 2005).
How do we keep them coming back? A look at individual factors impacting attendee satisfaction and intention to return to festivals
Authors: Pope Jennifer Angela , Isely Paul , Agbetunsin Busuyi 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the level of satisfaction or festival attendees and how that influences their intention to return. The impact of other factors such as past attendance and distance traveled to the festival were also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The data for this study were collected using an online survey from attendees at a LaughFest™, a comedy festival hosted as a fund and awareness raiser for a non-profit organization (NPO) in a medium-sized Midwestern city. The data related to reasons for level of satisfaction and intention to return were coded into dichotomous variables, and along with income, gender and distance traveled to the event were analyzed using logistic regression.

Findings
Of the factors that impacted satisfaction, performers, venue, and ticket prices were found to have the largest impact on intention to return, with negative experiences having a greater impact than positive. Previous attendance was also significant with regard to intention to return.

Practical implications
This information will allow this festival’s managers to target specific areas for improvement to increase the rate of repeat attendance.

Originality/value
This paper aims to contribute to the literature addressing specific factors influencing level of satisfaction and how those factors impact intention to return by examining them in a comedy festival that is also a fund and awareness raiser for a local NPO. There are few studies examining this aspect in regard to this particular type of festival.
Determinants of job satisfaction in a lean environment
Authors: Rodríguez Denise , Van Landeghem Hendrik , Lasio Virginia , Buyens Dirk 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the situational and dispositional determinants of job satisfaction in environments created by implementing employee-supportive lean.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a questionnaire to measure the determinants of job satisfaction (perceived job demands, perceived job autonomy and core self-evaluations) and job satisfaction. Afterwards, the paper proposes a conceptual framework and uses hierarchical multiple regression to test the relationships among perceived job demands, perceived job autonomy, core self-evaluations and job satisfaction. Additionally, the study describes the implementation of employee-supportive lean in four small companies using an action research approach.

Findings
The findings reveal that perceived job demands has a negative impact on job satisfaction. In addition, the authors find that perceived job autonomy and core self-evaluations have a positive impact on job satisfaction. Finally, the results show that core self-evaluations buffer the impact of perceived job demands on job satisfaction.

Originality/value
The present research underscores the importance of work and personal characteristics for employees’ job satisfaction in an environment created by implementing employee-supportive lean.
Six Sigma project selections: a critical review
Authors: Padhy Ramakrushna 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to review the literature on Six Sigma projects through a broad framework of Six Sigma project selection process. It proposes a process framework approach of six sigma project selection and enumerates various recent tools and methods required for each stage. The review aims to expand the domain of Six Sigma project selection by identifying the importance of project portfolio approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a process framework approach and systematic literature review to identify and classify various literature pertaining six sigma projects and its associated tools and methods

Findings
The paper provides broad insights about the opportunity and direction to future research in the area of Six Sigma project. Emerging research opportunities exist in the area of Six Sigma project risk management and selecting portfolio of projects.

Research limitations/implications
The study has its own limitations because of its chosen research approach. The process framework developed for classification of literature is based on expert opinion. Further research can be carried out to validate it.

Practical implications
This study will benefit new researchers entering the field of Six Sigma to identify new research opportunities and issues for their research interest. Second, industry practitioners and consultants working in the area of Six Sigma may work towards more successful implementation of Six Sigma.

Originality/value
The paper fulfils an identified gap of review of Six Sigma project selection.
Impact of team members’ composition on construction projects delivery in selected higher institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Olatunde Nathaniel Ayinde , Ogunsemi Deji Rufus , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of team members’ composition on cost and time of completion of construction projects in selected higher institutions with a view to improving construction project delivery in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the purposive sampling technique to select two higher institutions out of six in the study area, and census survey was used in selecting 35 completed construction projects executed by the institutions within the time frame 2000 to 2013. A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed to obtain information from construction team members (quantity surveyors, architects, structural/civil engineers, services engineers, contractors and clients) who participated in the selected construction projects. Mean item score and Kendall’s test were used in examining team members’ composition, while the relationship between team members’ composition and construction cost and time was tested usingt-test and eta-squared.FindingsThe results revealed that construction team members’ composition has a significant impact on the completion time of construction projects, though with small magnitude, while the impact of construction team members’ composition on construction cost is not significant. Also, it was revealed that some team members did not play any team role due to the fact that the main criterion for team members’ composition was knowledge, skill and abilities (KSA).Practical implicationsThe study finally recommended that a deliberate effort should be made in studying and ascertaining the team role every construction team member will play before appointing them to be member of a team, as improper team members’ composition could hamper effective construction project delivery in terms of completion time.Originality/valueThe study is an attempt to discourage the traditional construction team members’ selection system which was based on KSAs, which is deficient under team environment.