bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and of the newborn with congenital cytomegalovirus
Authors: Rawlinson William D. , Hamilton Stuart T. , van Zuylen Wendy J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to assess the recent studies of therapy of pregnant women and neonates, aimed at preventing the consequences of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Recent findings
A recent randomized controlled trial of treatment of CMV during pregnancy with hyperimmune globulin did not show significant efficacy in prevention of foetal infection and morbidity, although there was a trend towards improvement with treatment. Trials of antiviral therapy of the mother during pregnancy have involved small numbers only, confounded by ethical and practical difficulties, and further studies are needed to demonstrate whether or not antivirals are useful and well tolerated in this setting.
Antiviral treatment of neonatal CMV acquired congenitally has been studied in well controlled trials and the antiviral valganciclovir has shown efficacy in reducing the more severe outcomes. Trials are ongoing of the use of antivirals in less severe disease, although results are likely to take several years.

Summary
Congenital CMV infection is the most frequent cause of congenital malformation in developed countries, with a symptomatic prevalence of 0.64% of all live births. Infection may result in neurodevelopmental delay, foetal or neonatal death, and most frequently, sensorineural hearing loss. Successful control of viral infections during pregnancy and in the newborn period is essential in reducing early and late morbidity and mortality. Control of congenital CMV infection may be via primary prevention methods such as reducing contact with the pathogen, improved hygiene – both for the pregnant mother and for the neonate, or secondary prevention via reduction of vertical transmission from mother to foetus and reduction in consequences of infection by treatment of infected pregnant women and infected neonates.
Simulation for Operational Readiness in a New Freestanding Emergency Department
Authors: Kerner Robert L. , Gallo Kathleen , Cassara Michael , D'Angelo John , Egan Anthony , Simmons John Galbraith 
Published: September 2016

Summary Statement
Simulation in multiple contexts over the course of a 10-week period served as a core learning strategy to orient experienced clinicians before opening a large new urban freestanding emergency department. To ensure technical and procedural skills of all team members, who would provide care without on-site recourse to specialty backup, we designed a comprehensive interprofessional curriculum to verify and regularize a wide range of competencies and best practices for all clinicians. Formulated under the rubric of systems integration, simulation activities aimed to instill a shared culture of patient safety among the entire cohort of 43 experienced emergency physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and patient technicians, most newly hired to the health system, who had never before worked together. Methods throughout the preoperational term included predominantly hands-on skills review, high-fidelity simulation, and simulation with standardized patients. We also used simulation during instruction in disaster preparedness, sexual assault forensics, and community outreach. Our program culminated with 2 days of in-situ simulation deployed in simultaneous and overlapping timeframes to challenge system response capabilities, resilience, and flexibility; this work revealed latent safety threats, lapses in communication, issues of intake procedure and patient flow, and the persistence of inapt or inapplicable mental models in responding to clinical emergencies.
Real-time detection of PRT1-mediated ubiquitination via fluorescently labeled substrate probes
Authors: Mot Augustin C. , Prell Erik , Klecker Maria , Naumann Christin , Faden Frederik , Westermann Bernhard , Dissmeyer Nico 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe N-end rule pathway has emerged as a major system for regulating protein functions by controlling their turn-over in medical, animal and plant sciences as well as agriculture. Although novel functions and enzymes of the pathway were discovered, ubiquitination mechanism and substrate specificity of N-end rule pathway E3 Ubiquitin ligases remained elusive. Taking the first discoveredbona fideplant N-end rule E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS1 (PRT1) as a model, we use a novel tool to molecularly characterize polyubiquitination live, in real-time.We gained mechanistic insights in PRT1 substrate preference and activation by monitoring live ubiquitination by using a fluorescent chemical probe coupled to artificial substrate reporters. Ubiquitination was measured by rapid in-gel fluorescence scanning as well as in real time by fluorescence polarization.Enzymatic activity, substrate specificity, mechanisms and reaction optimization of PRT1-mediated ubiquitination were investigatedad hocin short time and with significantly reduced reagent consumption.We demonstrated for the first time that PRT1 is indeed an E3 ligase, which was hypothesized for over two decades. These results demonstrate that PRT1 has the potential to be involved in polyubiquitination of various substrates and therefore pave the way to understanding recently discovered phenotypes ofprt1mutants.
Gene expression analysis provides insight into the physiology of the important staple food crop cassava
Authors: Wilson Mark C. , Mutka Andrew M. , Hummel Aaron W. , Berry Jeffrey , Chauhan Raj Deepika , Vijayaraghavan Anupama , Taylor Nigel J. , Voytas Daniel F. , Chitwood Daniel H. , Bart Rebecca S. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCassava (Manihot esculenta) feeds approximately 800 million people worldwide. Although this crop displays high productivity under drought and poor soil conditions, it is susceptible to disease, postharvest deterioration and the roots contain low nutritional content.Here, we provide molecular identities for eleven cassava tissue types through RNA-sequencing and develop an open access, web-based interface for further interrogation of the data.Through this dataset, we report novel insight into the physiology of cassava and identify promoters able to drive specified tissue expression profiles. Specifically, we focus on identification of the transcriptional signatures that define the massive, underground storage roots used as a food source and the favored target tissue for transgene integration and genome editing, friable embryogenic callus (FEC).The information gained from this study is of value for both conventional and biotechnological improvement programs.
Network Modules Driving Plant Stress Response, Tolerance and Adaptation: A case study using Abscisic acid Induced Protein-protein Interactome ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shameer Khader , Naika Mahantesha , Mathew Oommen K. , Sowdhamini Ramanathan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding key protein-protein interaction network mediated by genes responsive to biotic and abiotic stress could help to understand the functional modules and network topologies driven genes responsive to stresses. It still remains to be an open question whether distinct protein-protein interaction networks have functional or regulatory role in mediating abiotic or biotic stress response in plants. To address this question we compiled abscisic acid responsive genes from Stress-responsive TranscrIption Factor DataBase (version 2; STIFDB2); derived protein-protein interaction network mediated by the genes from STRING database and performed biological network analyses using Cytoscape plugins. We have used Molecular Complex Detection algorithm for deriving highly connected module from the abscisic acid responsive network. Biological Network Gene Ontology tool was used to derive functional enrichment of abscisic acid responsive interaction network using GOSlim_Plants ontology. GraphletCounter was used to identify graph motifs in the network and NetworkAnalyzer was used to compute various network topological parameters. We found 26S proteasome subunits as a highly clustered module using Molecular Complex Detection algorithm. Enrichment analysis indicates that several biological processes terms including “flower development” are associated with the network. Results from this case study can be used to understand network properties of abiotic stress responsive genes and gene products in a model plant system.
Evolution of plant defences along an invasion chronosequence: defence is lost due to enemy release – but not forever
Authors: Gruntman Michal , Segev Udi , Glauser Gaétan , Tielbörger Katja 
Published: September 2016

Summary

The success of invasive plants has often been attributed to their rapid evolution at the introduced range. In particular, release from native enemies has been suggested to select for an evolutionary shift in resource allocation patterns from herbivore defence to increased size. Such evolutionary processes can take place not only between the native and invasive ranges but also within the invasive range over time, but this premise has been very seldom studied.

In this study, we examined the potential for post‐invasion evolution in two traits hypothesized to facilitate plant invasion success, that is herbivore resistance and allelopathic ability. We studied these traits in the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera by comparing plants from its native populations and from populations across its invasion chronosequence.

Results of common‐garden experiment and chemical analyses revealed that plants from native populations or older populations within the invasive range show greater resistance to the generalist herbivore, Deilephila elpenor, coupled with greater production of the secondary defence compound 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone glycoside. In contrast, no differences were found between populations in their allelopathic effect on the germination of the co‐occurring neighbour, Urtica doica. Finally, results from a field survey suggested that older populations within the invasive range incur greater attack rates from local herbivores compared to more recently established populations.

Synthesis. Our findings support the idea that the selection pressure of enemy release at the introduced range might attenuate over time, leading to the evolutionary recovery of enemy resistance. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating the effect of time since introduction when examining evolutionary or ecological processes of plant invasions.
Association between ambulance dispatch priority and patient condition
Authors: Ball Stephen J , Williams Teresa A , Smith Karen , Cameron Peter , Fatovich Daniel , O'Halloran Kay L , Hendrie Delia , Whiteside Austin , Inoue Madoka , Brink Deon , Langridge Iain , Pereira Gavin , Tohira Hideo , Chinnery Sean , Bray Janet E , Bailey Paul , Finn Judith 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare chief complaints of the Medical Priority Dispatch System in terms of the match between dispatch priority and patient condition.MethodsThis was a retrospective whole‐of‐population study of emergency ambulance dispatch in Perth, Western Australia, 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2015. Dispatch priority was categorised as either Priority 1 (high priority), or Priority 2 or 3. Patient condition was categorised as time‐critical for patient(s) transported as Priority 1 to hospital or who died (and resuscitation was attempted by paramedics); else, patient condition was categorised as less time‐critical. The χ2 statistic was used to compare chief complaints by false omission rate (percentage of Priority 2 or 3 dispatches that were time‐critical) and positive predictive value (percentage of Priority 1 dispatches that were time‐critical). We also reported sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThere were 211 473 cases of dispatch. Of 99 988 cases with Priority 2 or 3 dispatch, 467 (0.5%) were time‐critical. Convulsions/seizures and breathing problems were highlighted as having more false negatives (time‐critical despite Priority 2 or 3 dispatch) than expected from the overall false omission rate. Of 111 485 cases with Priority 1 dispatch, 6520 (5.8%) were time‐critical. Our analysis highlighted chest pain, heart problems/automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator, unknown problem/collapse, and headache as having fewer true positives (time‐critical and Priority 1 dispatch) than expected from the overall positive predictive value.ConclusionScope for reducing under‐triage and over‐triage of ambulance dispatch varies between chief complaints of the Medical Priority Dispatch System. The highlighted chief complaints should be considered for future research into improving ambulance dispatch system performance.
The ED‐inpatient dashboard: Uniting emergency and inpatient clinicians to improve the efficiency and quality of care for patients requiring emergency admission to hospital
Authors: Staib Andrew , Sullivan Clair , Jones Matt , Griffin Bronwyn , Bell Anthony , Scott Ian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPatients who require emergency admission to hospital require complex care that can be fragmented, occurring in the ED, across the ED‐inpatient interface (EDii) and subsequently, in their destination inpatient ward. Our hospital had poor process efficiency with slow transit times for patients requiring emergency care. ED clinicians alone were able to improve the processes and length of stay for the patients discharged directly from the ED. However, improving the efficiency of care for patients requiring emergency admission to true inpatient wards required collaboration with reluctant inpatient clinicians. The inpatient teams were uninterested in improving time‐based measures of care in isolation, but they were motivated by improving patient outcomes. We developed a dashboard showing process measures such as 4 h rule compliance rate coupled with clinically important outcome measures such as inpatient mortality. The EDii dashboard helped unite both ED and inpatient teams in clinical redesign to improve both efficiencies of care and patient outcomes.
Which patients should be transported to the emergency department? A perpetual prehospital dilemma
Authors: Tohira Hideo , Fatovich Daniel , Williams Teresa A , Bremner Alexandra , Arendts Glenn , Rogers Ian R , Celenza Antonio , Mountain David , Cameron Peter , Sprivulis Peter , Ahern Tony , Finn Judith 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the ability of paramedics to identify patients who could be managed in the community and to identify predictors that could be used to accurately identify patients who should be transported to EDs.MethodsLower acuity patients who were assessed by paramedics in the Perth metropolitan area in 2013 were studied. Paramedics prospectively indicated on the patient care record if they considered that the patient could be treated in the community. The paramedic decisions were compared with actual disposition from the ED (discharge and admission), and the occurrence of subsequent events (ambulance request, ED visit, admission and death) for discharged patients at the scene was investigated. Decision tree analysis was used to identify predictors that were associated with hospital admission.ResultsIn total, 57 183 patients were transported to the ED, and 10 204 patients were discharged at the scene by paramedics. Paramedics identified 2717 patients who could potentially be treated in the community among those who were transported to the ED. Of these, 1455 patients (53.6%) were admitted to hospital. For patients discharged at the scene, those who were indicated as suitable for community care were more likely to experience subsequent events than those who were not. The decision tree found that two predictors (age and aetiology) were associated with hospital admission. Overall discriminative power of the decision tree was poor; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.686.ConclusionLower acuity patients who could be treated in the community were not accurately identified by paramedics. This process requires further evaluation.
Pneumococcal vaccinations effectively prevent blood culture‐negative infections that resemble occult pneumococcal bacteraemia or bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia at one to 36 months of age
Authors: Laaksonen Neea , Rintamäki Lilja , Korppi Matti 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe occurrence of blood culture‐positive pneumococcal bacteraemia and bacteraemic pneumonia decreased after large‐scale pneumococcal vaccinations were introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pneumococcal vaccinations on hospitalisations due to blood culture‐negative infections with fever and leucocytosis, without any other focus than pneumonic infiltration.MaterialThis was a retrospective hospital chart review covering the prevaccination era of 2008–2009 and postvaccination era of 2012–2013. The number of study subjects with fever and blood leucocytosis of >17.5 × 10E9/L at one to 36 months of age was 202.ResultsThe incidence of hospitalisation for infections associated with fever and leucocytosis, when pneumonic infiltration was present on the chest radiograph, was 4.7/10 000/year, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.2–8.8 in children under 36 months in 2012–2013. When pneumonic infiltration was not present, the respective incidence was 14.6/10 000/year (95% CI: 9.6–21.1). The figure from the 2008–2009 prevaccination era was 11.3 (95% CI: 8.1–15.3) when pneumonic infiltration was present and 24.0/10 000/year (95% CI: 19.2–29.7) when pneumonic infiltration was absent.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccinations in preventing blood culture‐negative infections that resembled occult pneumococcal bacteraemia (pneumococcaemia) or bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia at one to 36 months of age.
Does noninvasive electrical stimulation of acupuncture points reduce heelstick pain in neonates?
Authors: Mitchell Anita J. , Hall Richard W. , Golianu Brenda , Yates Charlotte , Williams David Keith , Chang Jason , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimNoninvasive electrical stimulation at acupuncture points (NESAP) for analgesia is used in children, but has not been widely studied in neonates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NESAP alone or in combination with sucrose relieved heelstick pain in neonates.MethodsTerm neonates (n = 162) receiving routine heelsticks for newborn screening were enrolled following parental consent. All infants received facilitated tucking and non‐nutritive sucking. Neonates were randomised to standard care, sucrose, NESAP or sucrose plus NESAP. NESAP (3.5 mA, 10 Hz) or sham was administered over four acupuncture points. The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol were used to measure heelstick pain.ResultsPIPP scores among all four treatment groups increased during heelstick, F (9,119) = 1.95, p = 0.05 and NESAP therapy had no significant effect on PIPP scores. However, PIPP scores from baseline to heelstick increased the most in the two groups not receiving sucrose (p < 0.01). Mean PIPP scores remained below five during the heelstick in all four groups, indicating minimal or no pain. Differences in HRV and salivary cortisol among groups were insignificant.ConclusionNESAP at 3.5 mA, 10 Hz is not effective in relieving pain during heelsticks in neonates.
Explaining Suicide in Organizations: Durkheim Revisited
Authors: Clegg Stewart , Cunha Miguel Pina E , Rego Arménio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDrawing on Durkheim's concept of anomie, we address the under‐explored phenomenon of anomic suicide in contemporary organizations and discuss the consequences of solidarity for organizations and society. The relations of social solidarity to issues of identity and insecurity are explored through the cases of France Telecom Orange and Foxconn. Remedial implications for organizing, considered as community building, are discussed. Durkheim wrote not only about anomic but also altruistic suicide. We will also analyze examples of this type of suicide. Some tentative suggestions are made for how to organize to minimize the incidence of suicidal violence in organizations.
Prevention of cardiotoxicity among survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Hutchins Kelley K. , Siddeek Hani , Franco Vivian I. , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: September 2016

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a joint Themed section with the British Journal of Pharmacology on Cardiotoxicity. The rest of the Themed section will appear in a future issue of BJP and will be available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1476‐5381The number of survivors of childhood cancers has increased exponentially over the past few decades. However, these survivors are also at substantially increased long‐term risk of morbidity and mortality, especially from treatment‐related cardiotoxicity. Preventing these risks is now a priority when treating children and adolescents with cancer. Dexrazoxane reduces the risk of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity among adults and children with cancer without reducing its antineoplastic effects or event‐free survival. Thus, it should be strongly considered as a part of therapy for children and adolescents treated with anthracyclines.
Foetal Fentanyl Exposure and Ion Trapping after Intravenous and Transdermal Administration to the Ewe
Authors: Heikkinen Emma M. , Kokki Hannu , Heikkinen Aki , Ranta Veli‐Pekka , Räsänen Juha , Voipio Hanna‐Marja , Kokki Merja 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOpioids given to pregnant and parturient women are relatively freely transferred across the placenta. Spinal, epidural and intravenous fentanyl has been studied in pregnant women and neonates, but foetal safety of fentanyl dosing with transdermal patch during pregnancy and labour is not sufficiently studied. Foetal pH is physiologically lower than maternal pH, and thus, opioids, which are weak bases, are ionized and may cumulate to foetus. Foetal asphyxia may further worsen acidosis, and ion trapping induced by low pH is assumed to increase the foetal exposure to opioids. Here, we show that no correlation between foetal acidosis and ion trapping of fentanyl could be found. In three experiments, 29 pregnant sheep were administered fentanyl with 2 μg/kg/h patch supplemented with IV boluses/infusion. Foetal exposure to fentanyl was extensive, median 0.34 ng/ml (quartiles 0.21, 0.42), yet drug accumulation to foetus was not observed, and median of foetal/maternal concentration (F/M) ratio was 0.63 (0.43, 0.75) during the first hours after the fentanyl administration. Low foetal pH and pH difference between ewe and the foetus did not correlate with fentanyl concentration in the foetus or F/M ratio. At steady‐state during the second patch worn, foetal plasma fentanyl was low, 0.13 ng/ml, and the median of F/M ratio was 0.69. Our results demonstrate that drug accumulation to foetus caused by ion trapping seen with some weak base opioids may not be that significant with fentanyl. These results have a clinical relevance when fentanyl is dosed to pregnant woman and the foetus is acidemic.