bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-GlcNAc Transferase Is Essential for Sensory Neuron Survival and Maintenance
Authors: Su Cathy , Schwarz Thomas L. 
Published: January 2017

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) regulates a wide range of cellular processes through the addition of theO-GlcNAc sugar moiety to thousands of protein substrates. Because nutrient availability affects the activity of OGT, its role has been broadly studied in metabolic tissues. OGT is enriched in the nervous system, but little is known about its importance in basic neuronal processesin vivo. Here, we show that OGT is essential for sensory neuron survival and maintenance in mice. Sensory neuron-specific knock-out of OGT results in behavioral hyposensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli accompanied by decreased epidermal innervation and cell-body loss in the dorsal root ganglia. These effects are observed early in postnatal development and progress as animals age. Cultured sensory neurons lacking OGT also exhibit decreased axonal outgrowth. The effects on neuronal healthin vivoare not solely due to disruption of developmental processes, because inducing OGT knock-out in the sensory neurons of adult mice results in a similar decrease in nerve fiber endings and cell bodies. Significant nerve-ending loss occurs before a decrease in cell bodies; this phenotype is indicative of axonal dieback that progresses to neuronal death. Our findings demonstrate that OGT is important in regulating axonal maintenance in the periphery and the overall health and survival of sensory neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show the importance ofO-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) for sensory neuron health and survivalin vivo. This study is the first to find that loss of OGT results in neuronal cell death. Moreover, it suggests that aberrantO-GlcNAc signaling can contribute to the development of neuropathy. The sensory neurons lie outside of the blood–brain barrier and therefore, compared to central neurons, may have a greater need for mechanisms of metabolic sensing and compensation. Peripheral sensory neurons in particular are subject to degeneration in diabetes. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding the role of OGT under normal physiological conditions in the peripheral nervous system. This knowledge will be important for gaining greater insight into such disease states as diabetic neuropathy.
A Deletion Variant of the α2b-Adrenoceptor Modulates the Stress-Induced Shift from “Cognitive” to “Habit” Memory
Authors: Wirz Lisa , Wacker Jan , Felten Andrea , Reuter Martin , Schwabe Lars 
Published: January 2017

Stress induces a shift from hippocampus-based “cognitive” toward dorsal striatum-based “habitual” learning and memory. This shift is thought to have important implications for stress-related psychopathologies, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is large individual variability in the stress-induced bias toward habit memory, and the factors underlying this variability are completely unknown. Here we hypothesized that a functional deletion variant of the gene encoding the α2b-adrenoceptor (ADRA2B), which has been linked to emotional memory processes and increased PTSD risk, modulates the stress-induced shift from cognitive toward habit memory. In two independent experimental studies, healthy humans were genotyped for theADRA2Bdeletion variant. After a stress or control manipulation, participants completed a dual-solution learning task while electroencephalographic (Study I) or fMRI measurements (Study II) were taken. Carriers compared with noncarriers of theADRA2Bdeletion variant exhibited a significantly reduced bias toward habit memory after stress. fMRI results indicated that, whereas noncarriers of theADRA2Bdeletion variant showed increased functional connectivity between amygdala and putamen after stress, this increase in connectivity was absent in carriers of the deletion variant, who instead showed overall enhanced connectivity between amygdala and entorhinal cortex. Our results indicate that a common genetic variation of the noradrenergic system modulates the impact of stress on the balance between cognitive and habitual memory systems, most likely via altered amygdala orchestration of these systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStressful events have a powerful effect on human learning and memory. Specifically, accumulating evidence suggests that stress favors more rigid dorsal striatum-dependent habit memory, at the expense of flexible hippocampus-dependent cognitive memory. Although this shift may have important implications for understanding mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, little is known about the source of individual differences in the sensitivity for the stress-induced bias toward habit memory. We report here that a common genetic variation of the noradrenergic system, a known risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder, modulates the stress-induced shift from cognitive to habit memory, most likely through altered crosstalk between the hippocampus and dorsal striatum with the amygdala, a key structure in emotional memory.
A Challenge for Equity Markets on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Can Liquidity be Augmented, Volatility Better Controlled, and Price Discovery Sharpened?
Authors: Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
After suggesting that optimizing equity market structure remains a work in progress (as it has for the past five decades), the paper focuses on liquidity provision – a critical determinant of market quality – and its associations with intraday volatility and price discovery. Controlling intraday volatility and sharpening price discovery is of critical importance, it is not a simple matter, and it depends on market structure. After considering each term separately, we call attention to the public goods property of price discovery, set forth the traditional suppliers of liquidity (market makers, high frequency traders, and limit order placers), and contrast continuous and call auction trading. As liquidity is widely thought to be insufficient in equity markets in the US and Europe, we stress that listed companies should provide supplemental liquidity for their own shares and, to this end, we address a proposal that formalizes a corporate involvement.
Corporate Governance of Banks – A German Alternative to the Standard Model
Authors: Kotz Hans-Helmut , Schmidt Reinhard H. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The paper provides an overview and an economic analysis of the development of the corporate governance of German banks since the 1950s, highlighting peculiarities – as seen from the meanwhile prevailing standard model perspective – of the German case. These peculiarities refer to the specific German notion and legal-institutional regime of corporate governance in general as well as to the specific three-pillar structure of the German banking system.
The most striking changes in the corporate governance of German banks during the past 50 years occurred in the case of the large shareholder-owned banks. For them, capital markets have become an important element of corporate governance, and their former orientation towards the interests of a broadly defined set of stakeholders has largely been replaced by a one-sided concentration on shareholders’ interests. In contrast, the corporate governance regimes of the smaller local public savings banks and the local cooperative banks have remained virtually unchanged. They acknowledge a broader horizon of stakeholder interests and put an emphasis on monitoring via the auditing divisions of the respective associations.
The Great Financial Crisis, beginning in 2007, has led to a considerable reassessment in the academic and political debate on bank governance. On an international level, it has revived the older notion that, in view of their high leverage and their innate complexity, banks are “special” and bank corporate governance also – and needs to be seen in this light, not least because research indicates that banks with a strong and one-sided shareholder orientation – and thus with what appears to be the best corporate governance according to the standard model – have suffered most in the crisis. In the German case, the crisis has shown that the smaller local banks have survived the crisis much better than large private and public banks, whose funding strongly depends on wholesale markets. This may point to certain advantages of their governance and ownership regimes. But the differences in the performance during the crisis years may also, or even more so, be a consequence of the business models of large vs small banks than of their different governance regimes.
A história por trás da foto
Authors: B. de Barros Luiz Felipe 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo, intitulado “A história por trás da foto”, tem por objetivo resgatar uma passagem singular e esquecida da aviação comercial brasileira, especialmente nas décadas de 1930 e 1940. Utiliza-se o método monográfico e bibliográfico para, a partir da análise detalhada de uma fotografia sem qualquer relevância, descortinar e revelar a forte influência germânica na América do Sul. Mostra-se os reflexos da cultura germânica, principalmente no modal aéreo, bem como as particularidades das relações Brasil-Alemanha-Brasil após a Primeira Guerra Mundial.********************************************************************A story behind the photoAbstract: This article, entitled “The story behind the photo”, aims to examine a unique and forgotten period from Brazilian commercial aviation, principally from the decades of the 1930s and 1940s. The monographic and bibliographic method attempts, from a detailed analysis of the photograph, to discover and reveal the strong Germanic influence in South America. It shows the effects of the German culture, especially on air transportation, as well as the characteristics of the Brazil-Germany-Brazil relationship after the First World War.Keywords: History of Aviation; Photography; Aircraft; Porto Alegre
El impacto de la violencia en la vida cotidiana de los pueblos nahuas del estado de Guerrero, México
Authors: Díaz Vásquez Rosalba , Díaz Vázquez María del Carmen 
Published: January 2017

El ensayo aborda el impacto de la violencia en la región Montaña Baja del estado de Guerrero, específicamente, en comunidades nahuas pertenecientes a los municipios de Chilapa y Zitlala. Nos interesa poner atención en estos porque, en su mayoría, están poblados por los nahuas, uno de los cuatro pueblos originarios que subsisten en el estado y que ha resistido históricamente a la represión, a la pobreza y a la exclusión. Si bien la historia del estado se ha caracterizado por la presencia de los múltiples rostros de la violencia, en años recientes esta se ha intensificado a raíz de la proliferación de los grupos de la llamada delincuencia organizada,de la irrupción del ejército y de las fuerzas de seguridad en la región. Ante esta situación, la vida cotidiana de las comunidades, se ha trastocado, no obstante, desde ahí han surgido importantes formas de resistencia comunitaria.
In situ space-resolved X-ray diffraction and time-resolved EDXD on efficient polymer-based photovoltaic devices: Microstructural properties and aging effects
Authors: Silvestri Francesco , Generosi Amanda , Guaragno Marco , Albertini Valerio Rossi , Ferrero Claudio , Susanna Gianpaolo , Brunetti Francesca , Davoli Ivan , Paci Barbara 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Fluorinated Amorphous Carbon as a Low-Dielectric-Constant Interlayer Dielectric
Authors: Endo Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2017

Low-k organic polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are promising materials for use as interlayer dielectrics (ILD) because their dielectric constants are generally lower than those of inorganic materials. However poor adhesion with Si substrates, poor thermal stability, and production difficulties have hindered their use in microelectronics.On the other hand, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of polymer films (plasma polymerization) has many advantages that help to overcome these problems. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition uses a glow discharge to create activated species such as radicals and ions from the original monomer, and the polymer films are deposited through various gas-phase and surface reactions of these active species, including ablation of the deposited film. No water is generated during plasma polymerization, and the influence of a solvent can be ignored. Also a layered structure that promotes adhesion can be easily fabricated by changing the source compounds.Recently the use of fluorinated amorphous carbon thin films (a-C:F) as new low-dielectric-constant interlayer dielectrics has been proposed. These thin films have an amorphous C–C cross-linked structure (including sp3 and sp2 bonded carbon) and have the same C–F bonds found in PTFE. The strong C–F bonds decrease the dielectric constant, and the C–C crosslinked structure maintains the film's thermal stability. The a-C:F film can be deposited from fluorocarbon source materials using PECVD. Typically fluorocarbons such as CF4, C2F6, C4F8, and their hydrogen mixtures are used as source materials. First the a-C:F films for low-k ILD, with a dielectric constant of 2.1, were deposited from CH4 + CF4 mixtures by using parallel-plate PECVD.
DIVERSITY OF REEF FISH FUNGSIONAL GROUPS IN TERMS OF CORAL REEF RESILIENCES
Authors: Edrus Isa Nagib , Abrar Muhammad Abrar 
Published: January 2017

Infrastructure development in the particular sites of Seribu Islands as well as those in main land of Jakarta City increased with coastal population this phenomenon is likely to increase the effects to the adjacent coral waters of Seribu Islands. Chemical pollutants, sedimentation, and domestic wastes are the common impact and threatening, the survival of coral reef ecosystem. Coral reef resiliences naturaly remained on their processes under many influences of supporting factors. One of the major factor is the role of reef fish functional groups on controling algae growth to recolonize coral juveniles. The aim of this study to obtain data of a herbivory and other fish functional groups of reef fishes in the Pari Islands that are resilience indicators, or that may indicate the effectiveness of management actions. A conventional scientific approach on fish diversity and abundance data gathering was conducted by the underwater visual cencus. Diversity values of the reef fish functional groups, such as the abundance of individual fish including species, were collected and tabulated by classes and weighted as a baseline to understand the resilience of coral reed based on Obura and Grimsditch (2009) techniques. The results succesfully identified several fish functional groups such as harbivores (21 species), carnivores (13 species) and fish indicator (5 species) occurred in the area. Regarding the aspects of fish density and its diversity, especially herbivorous fish functional group, were presumably in the state of rarely available to support the coral reef resiliences. Resilience indices ranged from 1 (low level) to 3 (moderate level) and averages of the quality levels ranged from 227 to 674. These levels were inadequate to support coral reef recolonization.
Spór o możliwość i sensowność przypisywania korporacjom moralnej odpowiedzialności. Analiza argumentacji
Authors: Kwarciński Tomasz 
Published: January 2017

The article seeks to determine if corporations can be expected to act in a morally responsible manner and what possible factors can make such a view sensible. In the article, I analyse three different views of corporate moral responsibility: first, that it is not possible; second, that such a responsibility is based on an appropriately understood conception of moral corporate subjectivity; and, third, that it is not necessary to acknowledge its moral subjectivity in order to assign moral responsibility to a corporation. I consider different types of argumentation, the implications regarding stakeholder theory and social expectations included in the concept of corporate social responsibility.
Hooking Up Data with Literacy: Creating an Educational Framework for Uppsala University Library
Authors: Duffner-Ylvestedt Nadja , Rayner Johanna 
Published: January 2017

Uppsala University Library offers a range of workshops and lectures for students and researchers in order to help them improve their information seeking skills, academic writing and critical scientific thinking. Our library education program mainly focuses on sources such as books or scholarly articles but students in many subject fields often face additional challenges since they have to handle large amounts of data. We identified the fact that we were hardly incorporating data management in our library education as a potential weakness. This project was developed in order to determine if the library should get involved in teaching data literacy.The project involved gathering knowledge on how data is being taught at the university by conducting a student and teacher survey. A data module was developed and incorporated to the existing framework focusing on information literacy. The module was tested and evaluated by a pilot group of students. Our findings indicate that the University Library should begin teaching data literacy. We believe data to be one of the current challenges for Academic libraries and a key for staying relevant for students and researchers.
Educational investment towards the ideal future: South Africa’s strategic choices
Authors: Shay Suellen 
Published: January 2017

Although there has been rapid expansion of higher education around the globe, such expansion has not resulted in a more equitable system. Drawing on the work of Nancy Fraser, equity in higher education is conceptualised as ‘parity of participation’ and includes both equity of access and outcomes. The tensions between expansion and equity are illustrated by comparing South Africa’s equity challenges with those of Brazil and the USA. Focusing on South Africa’s critical choices, four scenarios or possible futures are provided to illustrate some of the trade-offs and strategic choices. The main argument is that if South Africa’s higher education system continues to expand without a concomitant investment in the effectiveness of teaching and learning, it will not achieve the policy goals of equity of access and outcomes. Furthermore the investment needs to be strategically targeted to interventions that can serve as systemic levers of change for reducing drop-out rates and improving graduation rates. To this end, over the next decade the state needs to prioritise an investment in an undergraduate curriculum more ‘fit for purpose’. The investment needs to be in curriculum reform that normalises different levels of foundational provision, identifies and removes curriculum obstacles that delay or impede graduation, and provides opportunities for ‘breadth’ for all students, not only those who come from privileged backgrounds.

Significance:

If South Africa’s higher education system continues to expand without a concomitant investment in the effectiveness of teaching and learning, it will not achieve the policy goals of equity of access and outcomes.
Baseline physical fitness as a determinant of resting neuro-psychological profile in students undergoing stressful professional course
Authors: Vinod Ashwin P. , Sinha Meenakshi , Ghate Jayshri , Sinha Ramanjan 
Published: January 2017

Background: Several reports indicate that exercise has a positive impact on mental health. However, studies on whether altered physiological status in high fit individuals is reflected in their baseline neuro-psychological profile remains to be ascertained. The aim was to compare the EEG profile and their ability to handle stress in young adult students of high physical fitness with those of low physical fitness.Methods: To achieve this objective, healthy adult male students (18-22 years age) undergoing stressful professional course were grouped into High fitness group (GI: PFI>80) and Low fitness group (GII:PFI<50) as per their Physical Fitness Index (PFI) scores in Harvard Step Test. Thereafter, their state and trait anxiety scores (STAI) were obtained and resting EEG were recorded for ten minutes.Results: No significant difference in the STAI scores between these groups (State: 34.8±4.26 vs 37.57±7.89; Trait: 39.1±6.21 vs 40.29±8.77 in GI vs GII) were observed, supported by absence of significant cerebral lateralization in anterior alpha power band in either group (Right vs Left Frontal GI: 5.56±2.10 vs 6.55±2.12 uV2; GII: 5.03±1.14 vs 4.51±1.83 uV2) in addition to lack of right anterior dominance, thereby nullifying the cerebral lateralisation hypothesis as an indicator of anxiety level. However, there was a generalized predominance of alpha power in the anterior (GI vs GII: 6.05±1.82 vs 4.77±1.28 uV2), temporal (GI vs GII: 23.89±11.87 vs 19.10±12.41 uV2) and posterior (GI vs GII: 25.00±2.18 vs 18.37±0.72 uV2) regions in GI mainly in the right hemisphere.Conclusions: Thus anxiety alone may not be a determinant of mental health in the high fit subjects who may have other dominant characteristics as envisaged by alpha predominance in their EEG profile.
Association of comorbidities in atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ahamed H.B. Irfan , Abdullah Bilal Bin , Ismail Mohammed , Jagirdar Syed Aman 
Published: January 2017

Background: Atrial fibrillation is a most common arrhythmia in patients with and without structural heart disease with an increasing incidence mainly due to the aging population. As the population ages, one can expect that AF will remain a frequent and troublesome complication of AMI with comorbidities. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the association of co-morbidities in atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction.Methods: The study was performed after the institutional ethical clearance and consent from all the patients. Heart rate, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure, ventricular fibrillation and stroke after acute myocardial infarction were recorded. The blood sugar and serum lipid levels were also measured using commercially available kit as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. The data was analyzed for statistical significance using univariate analysis and comparison was performed by Fisher Exact test and by using SPSS Version 20.Results: In our study, all the patients who developed AF after AMI were more than 60 years of age. Higher heart rate was more than or equal to 100 in 62.5% of the patients. 25% of patients had diabetes mellitus 75% of 8 patients had atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction, 77% of patients without atrial fibrillation were known hypertensive’s. Out of the patients who had atrial fibrillation, 50% had hyperlipidemia and developed ventricular fibrillation.Conclusions: Higher heart rate (>100 bpm) at time of presentation is a risk factor for AF following to AMI. Patients with new onset AF after AMI had more complication during hospital stay.