bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear behaviour of titanium diboride and zirconium carbide reinforced LM13 hybrid composite for automotive applications
Authors: Siddharthan Balakrishnan , Kumaravel Arumugam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the wear behaviour of a hybrid composite material reinforced with titanium diboride and zirconium carbide in LM13. The ASTM standard is followed for conducting wear tests, utilizing a pin-on-disc setup to assess the wear rate. An empirical relationship is established to predict the wear rate using statistical tool analysis of variance, and the model’s adequacy is checked. Low wear is observed at a sliding distance of 110 mm, sliding speed of 2.5 m s−1, and sliding load of 12.5 N. The observed low wear is attributed to the optimal level of reinforcement provided by titanium diboride and zirconium carbide. From the analysis of variance, sliding speed is identified as the major contributing factor to wear rate, followed by sliding distance and load. The reinforcement materials enhance the wear resistance of the hybrid composite and their effectiveness is particularly evident under the specified sliding conditions.
Ca2Co5.66Zn11.34, Ca2Co4.62Zn12.38 and Ca2Co2.36Zn14.64 – First intermetallic compounds in the Ca–Co–Zn system
Authors: Block Theresa , Kösters Jutta , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pröbsting Wilma , Chamard Valentin Antoine , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Single crystals of Ca2Co5.66Zn11.34, Ca2Co4.62Zn12.38 and Ca2Co2.36Zn14.64 were obtained from reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. The crystal structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Th2Zn17 type, R

3
‾

$\overline{3}$

m, a = 879.93(7), c = 1282.81(11) pm, wR = 0.0394, 432 F
2 values, 25 variables for Ca2Co5.66Zn11.34, a = 886.0(4), c = 1293.1(6) pm, wR = 492 F
2 values, 25 variables for Ca2Co4.62Zn12.38 and a = 894.62(16), c = 1307.2(3) pm, wR = 0.0463, 460 F
2 values, 24 variables for Ca2Co2.36Zn14.64. The crystal chemistry of these phases is driven by different Co/Zn mixed occupied sites. The structures are explained as a rod packing of infinite strands that are built up from pairs of interpenetrating Ca@(Co/Zn)19 and Zn1@(Co/Zn)13Ca polyhedra.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOL DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF CRIMEA IN SPRING 2020
Authors: АРТАМОНОВА М.С. , ЧХЕТИАНИ О.Г. , ИОРДАНСКИЙ М.А. , МАКСИМЕНКОВ Л.О. , ЛАПЧЕНКО В.А. 
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты исследования аэрозоля в приземном слое атмосферы в юго-восточной части Крымского полуострова на «Карадагской научной станции им. Т.И. Вяземского - природный заповедник РАН» филиала ФИЦ «Института биологии южных морей им. А.О. Ковалевского». Работы проводились с 21 марта по 17 июня 2020 г. Среднесуточная массовая концентрация аэрозоля за весь период измерений варьировалась от 3 до 35 мкг/м3 при среднем значении 13 мкг/м3. Исключение составили высокие концентрации частиц во время эпизода 25-27.03.2020 г. (48, 195 и 49 мкг/м3), когда был зарегистрирован мощный восточный перенос от источников в Казахстане (пыльная буря на Арале) через Калмыкию в Крым. С учетом этого эпизода среднее значение массовой концентрации аэрозоля - 16 мкг/м3. Из 89 дней наблюдений выделены дни с различными направлениями прихода воздушных масс, а также дни с наиболее высокими среднесуточными значениями массовой концентрации аэрозоля. Для этой выборки (31 проба) определено содержание 64 химических элементов в пробах. Проведена оценка аккумуляции химических элементов в почве и аэрозольных частицах, рассчитаны кларки концентрации химических элементов в почве, коэффициенты аэрозольной концентрации и обогащения химических элементов в аэрозолях. Рассмотрены вопросы зависимости массовой концентрации, дисперсного и элементного составов приземного аэрозоля от дальней аэрозольной миграции.
The results of experimental studies of aerosol in the surface air layer in the southeastern part of the Crimean Peninsula at the background environmental monitoring station of the Vyazemsky Karadag scientific station from March 21 to June 17, 2020, are presented. The daily average mass concentration over aerosol for the entire measurement period ranged from 3 to 35 mg/m3, with an average value of 13 mg/m3. The exception was high concentrations of particles during the episode of 25-27.03.2020 (48, 195, and 49 mg/m3), when a extreme eastward transfer from sources in Kazakhstan (a dust storm on the Aral Sea) through Kalmykia to the Crimea took place. Taking into account this episode, the daily average aerosol mass concentration was 16 mg/m3. Days with different directions of air masses arrival, as well as days with the highest daily mean values of aerosol mass concentration were identified out of 89 observation days. For this sample (31 samples), the content of 64 chemical elements was determined in the samples. Accumulation of chemical elements in soil and in aerosol particles was estimated; clarks of chemical element concentrations in soil, aerosol concentration coefficients, and enrichment coefficients of chemical elements in aerosols were calculated. The dependences of the mass concentration and disperse and elemental composition of the surface aerosol on further aerosol migration are considered.
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF TROPOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR IN THE VICINITY OF ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: ВИРОЛАЙНЕН Я.А. , ШПАК К.А. 
Published: September 2024

Водяной пар играет ключевую роль в целом ряде климатообразующих процессов на различных высотах земной атмосферы. Мониторинг изотопологов водяного пара позволяет получать информацию об атмосферном гидрологическом цикле и исследовать процессы, связанные с испарением и конденсацией, определяющие влажность в тропосфере и водный обмен между тропосферой и стратосферой. Впервые проанализированы временные вариации общего содержания изотопологов водяного пара (H2O и δD) за 2009-2020 гг. на основе результатов наземных измерений солнечного ИК-излучения Фурье-спектрометром Bruker IFS 125HR в Петергофе. Максимальные значения H2O и δD приходятся на летний период, минимальные - на зимний, при этом наибольшая изменчивость H2O наблюдается в летние, а δD в зимние месяцы, что обусловлено климатическими особенностями Санкт-Петербурга, т.е. происхождением и историей приходящих воздушных масс. Банк данных изотопического состава водяного пара в окрестностях Санкт-Петербурга может быть использован в моделях общей циркуляции атмосферы с целью повышения точности прогнозирования погоды и долгосрочных изменений регионального климата.
Water vapor plays a key role in different climate-forming processes at various altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere. Water vapor isotopologues monitoring provides information on the atmospheric hydrological cycle. It helps to study the processes associated with evaporation and condensation that control the humidity in the troposphere and water exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere. For the first time, temporal variability of water vapor isotopologues (H2O and δD) in Peterhof in 2009–2020 were analyzed using ground-based measurements of solar IR radiation by the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier spectrometer. For both H2O and δD, the maxima occur in summer, the minima – in winter, while the largest variability of H2O is observed in summer, and δD, in winter months due to the climatic features of St. Petersburg, i.e., the origin and history of incoming air masses. The database of water vapor isotopic composition in the vicinity of St. Petersburg can be used in models of the general circulation of the atmosphere to improve the accuracy of weather forecasting and longterm changes in the regional climate.
CALCULATION OF THE COORDINATES OF A LIDAR SENSING OBJECT AND ITS MAPPING
Authors: ЧЖАН Ш. , КЛИМКИН А.В. , КОХАНЕНКО Г.П. , КУРАЕВА Т.Е. , ОСИПОВ К.Ю. 
Published: September 2024

Лидар как важное средство исследования атмосферного аэрозоля широко используется при изучении распространения атмосферных аэрозольных загрязнений. При проведении экологического мониторинга и тем более при использовании для этой цели мобильного лидара важно иметь информацию не только о наличие загрязнений, но и о динамике их распространения, о пространственных координатах их источника. Предложен метод расчета координат объекта исследования исходя из координат лидара, направления зондирования и расстояния до объекта. Представлены программный модуль расчета координат и пример его применения при разработке вспомогательных лидарных систем.
Lidar is an important tool for studying atmospheric aerosol; it is widely used in studying the propagation of aerosol pollution in the atmosphere. During environmental monitoring, especially with a mobile lidar, it is important not only to detect a pollutant, but also to determine the spatial coordinates of its source and the propagation dynamics. In the work, we suggest a technique for calculating the coordinates of an object under study from the lidar coordinates, sensing direction, and the distance between the lidar and the object. The software implementation of the technique and an example of its application in the design of an auxiliary lidar system are described.
Production and evaluation of high nutritional sheets formulated from red beetroot puree and pomegranate juice
Authors: Mamdoh Ershidat Omar Turki , El-Sayed Eatemad M. , Hozifa Shaymaa A. , Ahmed El-Farsy Marwa Fawzi , El-Mesiry Dalia M. , ElMeslamy Soher Abd-Elfattah , Shehata Rehab A. , Ahmed Marwa A. , Antar Faramawy Asmaa , Mohamed Elsebaie Essam 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this investigation was studying the Physicochemical characteristics and microbiological stability of five innovative fruit sheets containing red beetroot puree (RBRP) and pomegranate juice (PJ) in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 during 6-month storage at room temperature (25–30ºC). The results showed that moisture content (ranging from 14.64% to 14.96%), water activity (ranging from 0.638 to 0.642), total phenols (ranging from 18.94 to 19.20 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (ranging from 16.50 to 16.59 mg rutin [RE]/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (ranging from 73.66% to 77.02%), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity (ranging from 50.13% to 52.09%) in 100% RBRP sheets were more than in 100% PJ sheets. In contrast, 100% RBRP sheets had a lower pH (ranging from 4.09 to 4.13), total soluble solids (TSS) (ranging from 63.99 Brix to 65.08 Brix), total sugars (ranging from 59.58% to 59.90%), and hardness (ranging from 12.88 N to 14.10 N) than that of 100% PJ sheets. In addition, the findings revealed that at zero time when the replacement percentage of PJ for RBRP increased in the sheets formula from 25% to 100%, there was increase in TSS (from 65.11 Brix to 67.41 Brix), acidity (from 1.03% to 1.90%), total sugars (from 59.29% to 61.72%), and hardness (from 12.27 N to 13.85 N) as well as decrease in moisture content (from 15.01% to 14.75%), water activity (from 0.652 to 0.630), total phenols content (18.71 to 17.01 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids content (15.74 to 12.97 mg RE/g), DPPH scavenging activity (from 72.19% to 63.28%), ABTS scavenging activity (from 50.86% to 44.28%), and L* value (from 22.80 to 21.86). Significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) was observed in pH, moisture, water activity, total sugars, total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity during the storage period. All sheets were found to be extremely sensory-acceptable and microbiologically safe. In conclusion, RBRP and PJ or a mix of them could be used as functional sheets with high storage stability.
Dendritic cells and type I and II interferon production in the local microenvironment of sinonasal tumors
Authors: Nizheharodava D. B. , Marozava N. A. , Ivanchyk G. I. , Kulinich S. S. , Kolyadich J. V. , Zafranskaya M. M. 
Published: September 2024

The subpopulations of dendritic cells and their functional potential determined by endogenous interferon status in tumor microenvironment is an important stage in tumor-specific T-lymphocytes effector reactions development. In this regard, understanding the patterns of sinonasal neoplasms immune cells changes is important in the context of the search for biomarkers of the tumor process which may open up new opportunities for targeted therapy. This study is the first to provide a comparative description of dendritic cells subsets and the type I and type II interferon production in patients with malignant and benign sinonasal tumors.Tumor tissue from 30 patients with neoplasms – main group (15 patients with malignant tumors and 15 patients with inverted papilloma) and biopsy material of the mucous membrane from 15 patients with polypous rhinosinusitis (comparison group) were used. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were isolated from tissue using automated and enzymatic cell dissociation. The surface and intracellular cells phenotype was assessed using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The production of α- and γ-interferons was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical data analysis was proceeded in Statistica 10.0.An increase of tumor-infiltrating myeloid dendritic cells number was found in patients with malignant tumors as compared to control group what correlated with the stage of the pathological process (R = -0.67; p = 0.01). There was an increase in both myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the neoplasm tissue in patients with inverted papilloma relative to the comparison group. The microenvironment of malignant growth was characterized by an increase in α- and γ-interferons production in combination with a pronounced decrease in IFNγ-producing T cells percent while a decrease in both intracellular and extracellular production of γ-interferons was detected in tumor tissue of patients with inverted papilloma as compared with control group.In patients with sinonasal tumors changes in dendritic cells subpopulations as well as a decrease in the reserve capacity of γ-interferon synthesis were revealed what may characterize the involvement of these mechanisms in the formation of the antitumor immune response failure and requires further research to establish their pathogenetic role.
Synthetic small interfering RNAs selectively suppress the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (IL-25 and TSLP) in experiments in vitro
Authors: Kaganova M. M. , Shilovskiy I. P. , Timotievich E. D. , Yumashev K. V. , Gurskii D. A. , Vinogradova K. V. , Popova M. V. , Khaitov M. R. 
Published: September 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract (nasal mucosa). AR affects up to 40% of the world’s population; in the Russian Federation, the incidence is 18% to 30%, depending on the region. Despite the fact that AR is not a severe pathology, it causes significant economic burden. Another threat associated with this disease is that in 40% of cases, patients with AR eventually develop a more severe disabling pathology – AD. Widespread prevalence and significant economic disadvantages caused by AR determine the importance of developing new ways of prevention and control of this disease, as the existing methods of therapy are insufficient. However, the search for new ways of therapy is impossible without a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanisms of AR pathogenesis. For a long time it was considered that this allergic inflammation is formed by Th2-dependent mechanism with involvement of Th2-lymphocytes, B-cells and eosinophils and pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. However, experimental evidence has now accumulated on the role of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and the proinflammatory cytokines they secrete (IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP) in the pathogenesis of AR and AD. IL-25 has been shown to induce the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, directing a Th2-type immune response. At the same time, mice with inactivated IL-25 developed barely any Th2-immune response. Inactivation of IL-33 significantly reduces inflammation (mediated by eosinophils) of the respiratory tract. Mice knockout for the cytokine receptor TSLP did not develop nasal hyperreactivity in response to allergen, but the level of nasal mucosal inflammation remained high. Currently, work is actively progressing on the development of new drugs capable of specifically blocking the activity of the listed cytokines; first of all, drugs based on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. However, there are other technologies that can be used to regulate the activity of genes, such as the technology based on the RNA interference. It can be used to suppress the expression of any gene with a known nucleotide sequence, including genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines.Considering the above, the aim of this work was to design synthetic miRNA molecules and study their ability to specifically block the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines IL-25 and TSLP in experiments in vitro.
The role of MCP-1 and SDF-1 in impaired mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow in coronary heart disease
Authors: Chumakova S. P. , Denisenko O. A. , Urazova O. I. , Shipulin V. M. , Andreev S. L. , Vins M. V. , Gladkovskaya M. V. , Demin M. S. , Dmitrieva A. A. , Gulomzhenov A. G. 
Published: September 2024

It is relevant to study of angiogenesis mediators and the mobilization of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPС) from bone marrow into the blood in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), suffering and not suffering from ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).СHD patients: 30 people with ICMP and 22 people without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. The content of early EPС (VEGFR2+CD34+CD14+) was determined in the blood and bone marrow by flow cytofluorometry, the concentration of MSP-1, SDF-1, VEGF-A – by multiplex analysis, of HIF-1α – by ELISA.Тhe content of SDF-1 and HIF-1α in peripheral blood in patients with CHD without cardiomyopathy was higher than in healthy individuals (respectively 60.00 (50.00-80.00) pg/mL and 6.00 (5.00-6.20) ng/mL versus 30.00 (5.00-45.00) pg/mL, p = 0.049 and 4.60 (3.28-5.11) ng/mL, p = 0.049), with ICMP corresponded to the norm. Тhe concentration of SDF-1 in the bone marrow was higher, and the level of HIF-1α was less than their content in the bloodstream, regardless of the presence of ICMP (respectively 130.0 (90.0-170.0) pg/mL, p = 0.005 and 0.97 (0.80-1.11) ng/mL, p < 0.001). The level of MCP-1 in the blood varied within the normal range in patients with CHD of both study groups (190.0 (168.0-215.0) pg/mL), and in the bone marrow was higher only in patients with ICMP (406.5 (265.0-583.0) pg/mL, p = 0.028). Regardless of ICMP presence, the content of VEGF-A in the blood of patients with CHD corresponded to the norm (3.80 (1.00-6.50) pg/mL) and in myeloid tissue. The number of EPC was increased in the blood of patients with CHD without cardiomyopathy (0.70 (0.46-1.23) and 0.19 (0.13-0.32) %, p < 0.001) and corresponded to their number in the bone marrow. And in patients with ICMP, normal values of the indicator were recorded in the blood with the accumulation of EPC in myeloid tissue (0.57 (0.45-0.98) %, p = 0.019).The development of ICMP is associated with the accumulation of early EPC in myeloid tissue due to their increased retention by an excess of MCP-1 in the bone marrow with weak involvement in the bloodstream due to the lack of a surplus of SDF-1 and HIF-1a in the blood.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS E AS CRIANÇAS DO SÉCULO XXI: OS DESAFIOS EDUCACIONAIS PÓS ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL (2020-2022)
Authors: Almeida Nilson Ferreira de , Santinello Jamile 
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo é um recorte temporal da pesquisa de doutoramento, em andamento, e tem por objetivo estabelecer parâmetros e reflexões entre os pressupostos teóricos das tecnologias digitais, bem como algumas especificidades sobre questões relacionadas a cultura digital, apresentando-se investigações literárias acerca da temática e dissertando sobre os modos da inclusão da criança no processo tecnológico e como ele interfere no universo infantil. vislumbrando que estes sujeitos estiveram e estão com maior intensidade, expostos aos artefatos midiáticos. A investigação toma como base teóricos como: Cury (2017), Moran (2017), Lévy (1999), Martins (2011), Base Nacional Curricular Comum /BNCC (2017), Santella (2012), Fantin (2006), Kenski (2012). Assim problematiza-se: quais os desafios, reflexões e perspectivas do uso e das apropriações de tecnologias digitais para com o público infantil no contexto pós-pandêmico? o estudo apresentará uma análise dos reflexos sobre a cultura digital nos contextos escolares, familiares e sociais, centraliza sobre os desafios enfrentados na educação da criança no período pandêmico e pós pandêmico, o que resultou na suposta inclusão das tecnologias digitais no cotidiano infantil, Assim, a presente pesquisa torna-se emergente, diante da mudança de hábitos, e a inclusão das tecnologias digitais, que por encontrarem em um contexto de desigualdades, os desafios familiares e escolas aumentam e requerem mediação dos responsáveis. a pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico com análises qualitativas dos dados coletados, que levam ao conhecimento e compreensão da cultura digital que foram se construindo paralelo a cultura social.
Tantangan Guru Melaksanakan Pembelajaran Konvensional pada Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di Jenjang SMP
Authors: Nabila Alifian 
Published: September 2024

Guru adalah pembimbing bagi siswa dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang bermakna. Guru memiliki kewajiban mendidik siswa terlepas dari apapun latar belakang, kondisi, dan karakteristiknya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut guru juga harus siap membimbing siswa berkebutuhan khusus sesuai dengan haknya yang tertera pada UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas Pasal 10. Maka dari itu, terdapat tantangan yang dihadapi dalam melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari sumber data primer yang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling serta sumber sekunder dari catatan dan jurnal. Teknik pengumpulan data diambil melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilaksanakan di SMPN 8 Malang. Wawancara dilakukan dengan 11 guru mata pelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data model interaktif yang berpedoman pada Huberman (2014). Terdapat banyak tantangan yang ditemukan oleh guru dalam memberikan pendidikan bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus seperti cara memahami siswa, memberikan lingkungan belajar yang aman tanpa diskriminasi, memberikan pembelajaran di ranah kognitif (pembelajaran di kelas), afektif (pendidikan karakter), dan psikomotorik (ekstrakurikuler). Penelitian ini relevan dengan teori belajar humanistik yang berfokus pada peran aktif siswa dalam proses belajar. Fokus penelitian ini relevan dengan pendekatan Teaching at The Right Level yang mengutamakan pendidikan sesuai dengan ketercapaian belajar siswa.