bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study to assess the Perception of Psychosocial Elements among Pediatric Patients visiting Dental Clinics
Authors: Rajasekaran UB , Singh Madhavi , Goutam Manish , Bhalla Ashish , Grover Nikhil , Galav Ashok 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Children with high dental fear and perception usually encounter high prevalence of dental caries. Data showed that individuals with dental fear will probably defer dental appointments which may result in the formation of a setup of an endless loop of dental fear. Present study was aimed to assess different psychosocial parameters among pediatric patients visiting dental clinics.

Materials and methods
In the present cross-sectional study, the data of 200 schoolchildren were collected and analyzed by means of a questionnaire. Evaluation of the oral health status was done by experienced pedodontists. All the answers were recorded and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
Nearly 120 were regular attendees while remaining 80 were found to be irregular attendees. Significant difference was observed while comparing the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, decayed teeth, dental fear, cognitive vulnerability, and dental prevention belief between the regular and irregular group. Significant correlation was observed between higher number of decayed teeth and increasing level of dental fear.

Conclusion
Various psychosocial parameters, by affecting the dental visits, are associated with outcome of oral health measures.

Clinical significance
Special attention should be paid to the pediatric patients with such kind of behavior so that their psychosocial attitude could be modified in favor of dental treatment.

How to cite this article
Bhalla A, Rajasekaran UB, Singh M, Goutam M, Grover N, Galav A. A Cross-sectional Study to assess the Perception of Psychosocial Elements among Pediatric Patients visiting Dental Clinics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1021-1024.
Evaluation and Comparison between Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite as Pulpotomy Medicament: A Randomized Study
Authors: Gupta Mukesh , Ahmed Hina , Chauhan Shikhar P , Sharma Dheeraj , Chugh Bhanu 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pulpotomy is the most common treatment to preserve vitality of cariously exposed molars. Various pulpotomy medicaments used should be antimicrobial, should help in healing without damaging surrounding tissue, and should not affect eruption of permanent teeth. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of formocresol (FC) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in primary molars. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of FC and 5% NaOCl as a pulpotomy medicament in primary molars.

Materials and methods
Forty children aged 4 to 9 years with primary carious molar were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: FC and NaOCl. Pulpotomy procedure was then performed followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at an interval of 3 to 6 months.

Results
Clinical success rate at 3 and 6 months was 100% for both groups. Radiographic success rate for FC was 95% at 3 months and 90% at 6 months, whereas for NaOCl, it was 90% at 3 months and 85% at 6 months.

Conclusion
Based on this study, result of 5% NaOCl and FC showed no significant difference in their success rate. Hence, NaOCl can be used as pulpotomy medicament; however, further clinical trials with long follow-up period are required.

Clinical significance
Sodium hypochlorite is a potential clinical substitute of FC for vital pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth because of its exceptional biological compatibility and to evade carcinogenic effect of FC.

How to cite this article
Chauhan SP, Gupta M, Ahmed H, Tongya R, Sharma D, Chugh B. Evaluation and Comparison between Formocresol and Sodium Hypochlorite as Pulpotomy Medicament: A Randomized Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1029-1033.
Effect of Interimplant Distance and Cyclic Loading on the Retention of Overdenture Attachments
Authors: Shayegh Seyed S , Hakimaneh Seyed MR , Baghani Mohammad T , Shidfar Shireen , Kashi Farinaz K , Zamanian Amirhosein , Arezoobakhsh Ali 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of interimplant distance and cyclic loading on the retention of two locator attachment systems.

Materials and methods
A total of 72 acrylic resin blocks were fabricated and divided into six groups of six pairs each. Locators of DIO and 3i implant systems were positioned on analogs in three different interimplant distances (19, 23, and 29 mm). The blocks were attached to a universal testing machine, and 1,440 dislodging cycles by the force of 136 N were applied. After 0, 120, 360, 720, and 1,440 cycles, the retention was recorded. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in retention between the various combinations of the locator, interimplant distance, and cyclic loadings.

Results
Interimplant distance was significantly associated with retention, independent of the locator system used, and dislodgement force cycles. Mean retention was significantly higher under the 3i system relative to the DIO system (p < 0.0001). This association varied with both interimplant distance (p > 0.0001) and dislodgement force (p < 0.0001) as well as across the various combinations of distance and cycle (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Interimplant distances could affect the initial retention of locator attachments. There was little difference in retention between distances of 23 and 29 mm across all cycles when both locator systems were combined. Distance of 23mm was associated with superior retention in the DIO system. With regard to the speed of retention decrease, the 23 mm distance was associated with better performance.

Clinical significance
Interimplant distance could play a significant role in overdenture retention with locator attachments.

How to cite this article
Shayegh SS, Hakimaneh SMR, Baghani MT, Shidfar S, Kashi FK, Zamanian A, Arezoobakhsh A. Effect of Interimplant Distance and Cyclic Loading on the Retention of Overdenture Attachments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1078-1084.
Effect of Balance Training on Postural Analysis of Patients suffering from Balance Disorders: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Bari Swapnil , Saxena Somya , Sherwani Kashif , Kumar Neelesh 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postural stability assessment is an important task that has found widespread medical and therapeutic applications. Typically, balance measurement systems are used for this purpose. The quantitative score of postural balance is very important in determining improvement of the patients suffering from balance disorder. Postural stability of humans is highly dependent on the position of centre of pressure of the body. The analysis of sway of a human body can be successfully done by studying oscillations of its centre of pressure. The distribution of foot pressure over different regions namely medial—lateral and anterior— posterior, governs the balance of the posture in both directions.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess quantitative changes in the postural stability of patients suffering from balance disorders after providing them biofeedback based balance training.

Materials and methods
We used Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs) to sense the magnitude of forces acting at various points of both the feet. The centre of pressure is determined using the positions of various force points and magnitude of the force acting on them. The higher capability of the body to remain at that position implies higher postural stability and a lower power of sway. The force sensors produce signal proportional to the magnitude of the foot pressure. This signal after being collected by the Data Acquisition Board is fed to the system for calculating the centre of pressure and drawing a real time graph. Different algorithms are used to determine its mean position and compare the stability. The repeated analysis shows the amount of change in patient's postural behaviour, before and after the training.

Results
Until the publication of this research work, analysis of the data of 4 patients was performed. Post intervention trials resulted in higher scores of their postural performance. Hence, favourable results were obtained showing improvement in postural stability of the patients.

Conclusion
Wider variety of ataxia patients can be chosen to perform this assessment. The system is capable of determining a quantitative score of improvement of the postural stability and thus can be used to assess the postural performance of patients suffering from different postural disorders.

How to cite this article
Bari S, Saxena S, Sherwani K, Kumar N, Dhillon MS. Effect of Balance Training on Postural Analysis of Patients suffering from Balance Disorders: A Preliminary Report. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):170-174.
Merging fluxgate and induction coil data to produce low-noise geomagnetic observatory data meeting the INTERMAGNET definitive 1 s data standard
Authors: Brunke Heinz-Peter , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf , Korte Monika 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. For frequencies above 30 mHz the instrument intrinsic noise level of typical fluxgate magnetometers used at geomagnetic observatories usually masks ambient magnetic field variations on magnetically quiet days. This is especially true for stations located at middle and low latitudes, where variations are generally smaller than at high latitudes. INTERMAGNET has set a minimum quality standard for definitive 1 s data. Natural field variations referred to as pulsations (Pc-1, Pc-2, Pi-1) fall in this band. Usually their intensity is so small that they rarely surpass the instrumental noise of fluxgate magnetometers. Moreover, high-quality magnetic field observations in the band 30 mHz–0.5 Hz contain interesting information, e.g., for the study of ionospheric electron interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron plasma waves. We propose a method to improve 1 Hz observatory data by merging data from the proven and tested fluxgate magnetometers currently in use with induction coil magnetometers into a single data stream. We show how measurements of both instruments can be combined without information loss or phase distortion. The result is a time series of the magnetic field vector components, combining the benefits of both instruments: long-term stability (fluxgate) and low noise at high frequencies (induction coil). This new data stream fits perfectly into the data management procedures of INTERMAGNET and meets the requirements defined in the definitive 1 s data standard. We describe the applied algorithm and validate the result by comparing power spectra of the fluxgate magnetometer output with the merged signal. Daily spectrograms from the Niemegk observatory show that the resulting data series reveal information at frequencies above 30 mHz that cannot be seen in raw fluxgate data.
Ice shelf fracture parameterization in an ice sheet model
Authors: Sun Sainan , Cornford Stephen L. , Moore John C. , Gladstone Rupert , Zhao Liyun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Floating ice shelves exert a stabilizing force onto the inland ice sheet. However, this buttressing effect is diminished by the fracture process, which on large scales effectively softens the ice, accelerating its flow, increasing calving, and potentially leading to ice shelf breakup. We add a continuum damage model (CDM) to the BISICLES ice sheet model, which is intended to model the localized opening of crevasses under stress, the transport of those crevasses through the ice sheet, and the coupling between crevasse depth and the ice flow field and to carry out idealized numerical experiments examining the broad impact on large-scale ice sheet and shelf dynamics. In each case we see a complex pattern of damage evolve over time, with an eventual loss of buttressing approximately equivalent to halving the thickness of the ice shelf. We find that it is possible to achieve a similar ice flow pattern using a simple rule of thumb: introducing an enhancement factor ∼ 10 everywhere in the model domain. However, spatially varying damage (or equivalently, enhancement factor) fields set at the start of prognostic calculations to match velocity observations, as is widely done in ice sheet simulations, ought to evolve in time, or grounding line retreat can be slowed by an order of magnitude.
Toward a Social-Ecological Methodology for Theological-Structural Analysis: Comparing Responses to Anti-Christian Sentiment at Yanjing and St. John’s Universities in Republican China (1920–1935)
Authors: Law Easten 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines how two prominent Chinese Christian universities, Yanjing (Yenching) and St. John’s, responded to the anti-Christian movements of the 1920s. I argue that China’s Christian universities became places of vocational and institutional praxis during this period when the implicit theologies of culture undergirding each university’s sense of Christian mission were tested by central government policy and student activism. Despite their common theological worldviews, Yanjing’s and St. John’s responses reflect different views toward Chinese culture and nationalism. Whereas Yanjing University leaders actively reformed administrative structure and curriculum, St. John’s put forth sustained resistance. To conduct this analysis, this article presents a three-step method for theological-structural analysis that includes (1) identifying the ways implicit theologies of culture are structurally institutionalized, (2) critical observation of the way these structures respond to conflicting sociopolitical pressures, and (3) analysis of these responses in the context of the organizations’ institutional and environmental patterns.
A Letter from Jail: Christian Culture in Seventeenth-Century Nagasaki
Authors: Hesselink Reinier Herman 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
This article provides an analysis and translation of a curious letter, dated October 25, 1619, and sent from the Nagasaki jail by the Japanese Jesuit brother Kimura Leonardo (1575–1619) to Padre Geronimo Rodrigues (1567–1628) in Macao. The letter is preserved in the Japonica/Sinica section of the Archive of the Society of Jesus in Rome. It is curious because it is one of the very few surviving handwritten documents belonging to a now-defunct category of writings in Japanese that used the Roman alphabet (romaji) and was the particular cultural achievement of the Jesuit mission in Japan. The letter is proof that there existed a written culture in Christian Japan that used the alphabet as an easy way to correspond not only between Japanese and European members of the Society of Jesus but also possibly, if necessary, between the educated Christian public and European missionaries in Japan.
The response of soil microbial communities to variation in annual precipitation depends on soil nutritional status in an oligotrophic desert
Authors: Montiel-González Cristina , Tapia-Torres Yunuen , Souza Valeria , García-Oliva Felipe 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSoil microbial communities (SMC) play a central role in the structure and function of desert ecosystems. However, the high variability of annual precipitation could results in the alteration of SMC and related biological processes depending on soil water potential. The nature of the physiological adjustments made by SMC in order to obtain energy and nutrients remains unclear under different soil resource availabilities in desert ecosystems. In order to examine this dynamic, the present study examined the effects of variation in annual precipitation on physiological adjustments by the SMC across two vegetation-soil systems of different soil organic matter input in an oligotrophic desert ecosystem.MethodsWe collected soil samples in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (Mexico) under two vegetation covers: rosetophylous scrub (RS) and grassland (G), that differ in terms of quantity and quality of organic matter. Collections were conducted during the years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, over which a noticeable variation in the annual precipitation occurred. The ecoenzymatic activity involved in the decomposition of organic matter, and the concentration of dissolved, available and microbial biomass nutrients, were determined and compared between sites and years.ResultsIn 2011, we observed differences in bacterial taxonomic composition between the two vegetation covers. The lowest values of dissolved, available and microbial nutrients in both cover types were found in 2012. The G soil showed higher values of dissolved and available nutrients in the wet years. Significant positive correlations were detected between precipitation and the ratios Cmic:Nmic and Cmic:Pmic in the RS soil and Cmic:Pmic and Nmic:Pmic in the G soil. The slopes of the regression with Cmic and Nmic were higher in the G soil and lower in the RS soil. Moreover, the SMC under each vegetation cover were co-limited by different nutrients and responded to the sum of water stress and nutrient limitation.DiscussionSoil community within both sites (RS and G) may be vulnerable to drought. However, the community of the site with lower resources (RS) is well adapted to acquire P resources by ecoenzyme upregulation during years with adequate precipitation, suggesting that this community is resilient after drought occurs. Under the Global Climate Change scenarios for desert ecosystems that predict reduced annual precipitation and an increased intensity and frequency of torrential rains and drought events, the soil microbial communities of both sites could be vulnerable to drought through C and P co-limitation and reallocation of resources to physiological acclimatization strategies in order to survive.
Preoperative cervical sagittal alignment parameters and their impacts on myelopathy in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Wei , Zhu Yue , Zhu Haitao , Cui Cui , Pei Lei , Huang Zhuxi 
Published: November 2017

Background
Cervical sagittal alignment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), but there are limited studies on the cervical sagittal parameters in CSM patients and their correlations with myelopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlations among the preoperative cervical sagittal alignment parameters and their correlations with the development of myelopathy in patients with CSM.

Methods
We retrospectively collected 212 patients with CSM who underwent surgical interventions. Gender, age, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), cervical lordosis (CL), C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2–C7 SVA), T1 slope (T1S), neck tilt (NT) and thoracic inlet angle (TIA) were collected before operation. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated for all measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC). Data were analyzed with Pearson and Spearman correlation tests and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
A total of 212 patients with CSM were included in this study (male: 136, female: 76) with an average age of 54.5 ± 10.1 years old. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for all included radiographic parameters presented good to excellent agreement (ICC > 0.7). No significant differences in demographic and radiological parameters have been observed between males and females (P > 0.05). We found statistically significant correlations among the following parameters: age with CL (r = 0.135, P = 0.049), age with T1S (r = 0.222, P = 0.001), CL with T1S (r = 0.291, P < 0.001), CL with C2-C7 SVA (r = − 0.395, P < 0.001), mJOA with age (r = − 0.274, P < 0.001), mJOA with C2–C7 SVA (r = − 0.219, P < 0.001) and mJOA with T1S(r = − 0.171, p = 0.013). Linear regression analysis showed that C2–C7 SVA was the predictor of CL (adjusted R2 = 0.152, P < 0.001) and multiple linear regression showed that age combined with C2–C7 SVA was a sensitive predictor of mJOA (adjusted R2 = 0.106, P < 0.001).

Discussion
There were significant correlations among certain preoperative cervical sagittal parameters in CSM patients. CL was the only predictor of C2–C7 SVA. Age combined with C2–C7 SVA could predict the severity of myelopathy.
Production of Juveniles of the mullet Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836, by controlled reproduction in Cuba
Authors: Alvarez-Lajonchere L , Hernández-Molejón OG , Pérez-Sánchez L 
Published: November 2017

Induced spawning and larval rearing experiments were carried out with the mullet Mugil liza Valenciennes at the end of the 1987/1988 natural spawning season at Tunas de Zaza, in which the juvenile stage of a mugilid species was reached for the first time in Cuba. All examined females had atretic oocytes. From the selected 18, four (22.2%) died during the hormone treatment and from the 14 that finished it, natural spawning or artificial fertilization was obtained from seven of them (50%). Best spawning results were obtained with 60-90 mg/kg of mullet pituitary in 3-4 partial doses (24 h interval). The eggs of one female with the highest fertilization rate (60%) were incubated at 24ºC, obtaining 90% survival of the fertilized eggs at hatching. The rearing experiments demonstrated that larvae were ready for exogenous feeding at day 3-4 and that the postlarval stage ended 40 days after hatching; also, that tarpaulin tanks were not adequate, that a strong aeration at the centre is beneficial and that the use of an intermediate food organism between rotifers and Artemia should improve the results. At the end of the rearing cycle (49 days), 220 juveniles were harvested in one of the four treatments used (0.20% survival). The difficulties faced and possible technique improvements for increasing survival are discussed.
Sensitivity of Induced Seismic Sequences to Rate‐and‐State Frictional Processes
Authors: Kroll Kayla A. , Richards‐Dinger Keith B. , Dieterich James H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is well established that subsurface injection of fluids increases pore fluid pressures that may lead to shear failure along a preexisting fault surface. Concern among oil and gas, geothermal, and carbon storage operators has risen dramatically over the past decade due to the increase in the number and magnitude of induced earthquakes. Efforts to mitigate the risk associated with injection‐induced earthquakes include modeling of the interaction between fluids and earthquake faults. Here we investigate this relationship with simulations that couple a geomechanical reservoir model and RSQSim, a physics‐based earthquake simulator. RSQSim employs rate‐ and state‐dependent friction (RSF) that enables the investigation of the time‐dependent nature of earthquake sequences. We explore the effect of two RSF parameters and normal stress on the spatiotemporal characteristics of injection‐induced seismicity. We perform >200 simulations to systematically investigate the effect of these model components on the evolution of induced seismicity sequences and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of our synthetic catalogs to observations of induced earthquakes. We find that the RSF parameters control the ability of seismicity to migrate away from the injection well, the total number and maximum magnitude of induced events. Additionally, the RSF parameters control the occurrence/absence of premonitory events. Lastly, we find that earthquake stress drops can be modulated by the normal stress and/or the RSF parameters. Insight gained from this study can aid in further development of models that address best practice protocols for injection operations, site‐specific models of injection‐induced earthquakes, and probabilistic hazard and risk assessments.