bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community organizations’ programming and the development of community science teachers
Authors: Varelas Maria , Morales‐Doyle Daniel , Raza Syeda , Segura David , Canales Karen , Mitchener Carole 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, we explored how science teacher candidates construct ideas about science teaching and learning in the context of partnerships with urban community‐based organizations. We used a case study design focusing on a group of 10 preservice teachers’ participation in educational programming that focused on environmental racism and connected science to larger social issues in an economically dispossessed Mexican community in Chicago. Using theoretical lenses of humanistic science education, justice‐centered science pedagogy, and structure–agency dialectic, we studied how preservice high school science teachers made sense of equity and social justice issues facing marginalized communities and how they thought about the goals and nature of science education, along with their role as science teachers, as they participated in a Toxic Tour provided by the Little Village Environmental Justice Organization. By emphasizing both environmental challenges and the community assets in Little Village, the Toxic Tour provided an opportunity for science teacher candidates to develop a complex understanding of this particular community and critically reflect on their own communities. The teacher candidates identified both structures that are enabling or disabling for community members and people's individual and collective agency acting upon these structures. They also recognized communities as places of authentic science learning.
Charge Transfer from Carbon Nanotubes to Silicon in Flexible Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xiaokai , Mariano Marina , McMillon‐Brown Lyndsey , Huang Jing‐Shun , Sfeir Matthew Y. , Reed Mark A. , Jung Yeonwoong , Taylor André D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMechanical fragility and insufficient light absorption are two major challenges for thin flexible crystalline Si‐based solar cells. Flexible hybrid single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/Si solar cells are demonstrated by applying scalable room‐temperature processes for the fabrication of solar‐cell components (e.g., preparation of SWNT thin films and SWNT/Si p–n junctions). The flexible SWNT/Si solar cells present an intrinsic efficiency ≈7.5% without any additional light‐trapping structures. By using these solar cells as model systems, the charge transport mechanisms at the SWNT/Si interface are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption. Although primary photon absorption occurs in Si, transient absorption measurements show that SWNTs also generate and inject excited charge carriers to Si. Such effects can be tuned by controlling the thickness of the SWNTs. Findings from this study could open a new pathway for designing and improving the efficiency of photocarrier generation and absorption for high‐performance ultrathin hybrid SWNT/Si solar cells.
Novel Silicon Doped Tin Oxide–Carbon Microspheres as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries: The Multiple Effects Exerted by Doped Si
Authors: Tan Yuanzhong , Wong Ka‐Wai , Ng Ka Ming 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSilicon doped tin oxide embedded porous carbon microspheres (SiySn1–yOx@C) are synthesized. It is found that the doped Si not only improves the reversibility of lithiation/delithiation reactions, but also prevents Sn from aggregation. In addition, the doped Si introduces extra defects into the carbon matrix and produces Li+ conductive Li4SiO4, which accelerates Li+ diffusion. Together with the conductive, porous carbon matrix that provides void space to accommodate the volume change of Sn during charge/discharge cycling, the novel SiySn1–yOx@C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. It shows a high initial columbic efficiency of 75.9%. A charge (delithiation) capacity of 880.32 mA h g−1 is retained after 150 cycles, i.e., 91% of the initial capacity. These results indicate that the as‐synthesized SiySn1–yOx@C is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.
A Metal–Polyphenol Network Coated Nanotheranostic System for Metastatic Tumor Treatments
Authors: Fan Jin‐Xuan , Zheng Di‐Wei , Mei Wen‐Wen , Chen Si , Chen Si‐Yi , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs a characteristic trait of most tumor types, metastasis is the major cause of the death of patients. In this study, a photothermal agent based on gold nanorod is coated with metal (Gd3+)‐organic (polyphenol) network to realize combination therapy for metastatic tumors. This nanotheranostic system significantly enhances antitumor therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo with the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy, also can remarkably prevent the invasion and metastasis due to the presence of polyphenol. After the treatment, an 81% decrease in primary tumor volumes and a 58% decrease in lung metastasis are observed. In addition, the good performance in magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography, and photothermal imaging of the nanotheranostic system can realize image‐guided therapy. The multifunctional nanotheranostic system will find a great potential in diagnosis and treatment integration in tumor treatments, and broaden the applications of PTT treatment.
Monosodium glutamate suppresses the female reproductive function by impairing the functions of ovary and uterus in rat
Authors: Mondal Mukti , Sarkar Kaushik , Nath Partha Pratim , Paul Goutam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the functions of ovary and uterus in rat. Virgin female rats of Charles Foster strain (120 gms approximately) were administrated MSG by oral gavage at a dose level of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 gm/kgBW/day, respectively for 30 and 40 days duration. We observed a significant decrease in the duration of proestrus, estrus and metestrus phases, and increase in the duration of diestrus phase and diestrus index compared to control. We found significant increase in the levels of serum LH, FSH and estradiol in test groups of rat. We also observed significant increase in the number of primary and primordial follicles, increase in the size of graafian follicle, and decrease in the size of corpus luteum. Further, we have seen significant increase in the activities SOD, CAT and GST, decrease in the activities GR and GPx, and decrease MDA level in MSG exposed groups. These results suggest that MSG impairs the functions of the ovary probably by augmenting the release of FSH, LH and estradiol; promoting the follicular maturation and improving the biochemical mechanism for antioxidant defense. We also observed significant potentiation of the force of contraction of uterus in estrus, metestrus and diestrus phases. This result suggests that MSG potentiates the contraction of uterus probably by stimulating the estradiol sensitivity to oxytocin. From the results it is concluded that MSG suppresses the female reproductive function in rat probably by impairing the functions of ovary and uterus.
Progressive cutaneous viral pigmented plaques in three Hungarian Vizslas and the response of lesions to topical tigilanol tiglate gel
Authors: Hansen Naomi , Nicholas Nikianna , Pack Graeme , Mackie John T. , Shipstone Michael , Munday John S. , Reddell Paul , Orbell Geoff , Malik Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCutaneous pigmented viral plaques is a disorder of epidermal growth caused by canine papillomavirus type 4 (CPV‐4). There is currently no standard of care for managing this condition and it has not been reported in the Hungarian Vizsla. This case series documents the clinical features of canine pigmented viral plaques in Hungarian Vizsla dogs and the treatment of a severe case using a novel topical agent tigilanol tiglate (EBC‐46). A 4‐year‐old spayed Hungarian Vizsla in Australia was presented for multiple cutaneous pigmented plaques extending from the ventral cervical region. Lesions were neither painful nor pruritic. The number and size of these sessile plaques increased over time, with the largest lesions eventually taking on an exophytic (wart‐like) appearance. These lesions did not affect the dog's wellbeing. Two much less severe cases in a 5‐year‐old Vizsla from the UK and a 7‐year‐old Vizsla from New Zealand were also diagnosed. Histology was consistent with papillomavirus‐induced pigmented plaques and CPV‐4 DNA sequences were amplified from paraffin‐embedded formalin‐fixed tissue using the polymerase chain reaction from the most severely affected patient. Topical imiquimod was ineffective although used for only a short time. Two topical applications of novel anti‐neoplastic diterpene ester tigilanol tiglate as a gel, 9 days apart, greatly reduced the size and number of lesions in a limited portion of skin treated, over the lateral hock. While CPV‐4 has been previously reported to cause pigmented plaques, most commonly on pug dogs, but sporadically on other breeds, this is the first report of this virus causing plaques in Hungarian Vizslas. The cases illustrate some of the difficulties in diagnosing papillomavirus‐induced disease in dogs, especially in its early stages. Topical tigilanol tiglate is a potentially useful topical therapy for this viral‐induced disorder of cell growth and represents a treatment deserving of further investigation.
Energy decomposition analysis
Authors: Zhao Lili , von Hopffgarten Moritz , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: November 2017

The energy decomposition analysis (EDA) is a powerful method for a quantitative interpretation of chemical bonds in terms of three major components. The instantaneous interaction energy ΔEintbetween two fragments A and B in a molecule A–B is partitioned in three terms, namely (1) the quasiclassical electrostatic interaction ΔEelstatbetween the fragments; (2) the repulsive exchange (Pauli) interaction ΔEPaulibetween electrons of the two fragments having the same spin, and (3) the orbital (covalent) interaction ΔEorbwhich comes from the orbital relaxation and the orbital mixing between the fragments. The latter term can be decomposed into contributions of orbitals with different symmetry which makes it possible to distinguish between σ, π, and δ bonding. After a short introduction into the theoretical background of the EDA we present illustrative examples of main group and transition metal chemistry. The results show that the EDA terms can be interpreted in chemically meaningful way thus providing a bridge between quantum chemical calculations and heuristic bonding models of traditional chemistry. The extension to the EDA–Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (NOCV) method makes it possible to breakdown the orbital term ΔEorbinto pairwise orbital contributions of the interacting fragments. The method provides a bridge between MO correlations diagrams and pairwise orbital interactions, which have been shown in the past to correlate with the structures and reactivities of molecules. There is a link between frontier orbital theory and orbital symmetry rules and the quantitative charge‐ and energy partitioning scheme that is provided by the EDA–NOCV terms. The strength of the pairwise orbital interactions can quantitatively be estimated and the associated change in the electronic structure can be visualized by plotting the deformation densities.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Molecular StructuresElectronic Structure Theory > Density Functional TheoryComputer and Information Science > Visualization
Modular properties of 6d (DELL) systems
Authors: Aminov G. , Mironov A. , Morozov A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

If super-Yang-Mills theory possesses the exact conformal invariance, there is an additional modular invariance under the change of the complex bare charge "Image missing". The low-energy Seiberg-Witten prepotential ℱ(a), however, is not explicitly invariant, because the flat moduli also change a − → a

D
= ∂ℱ/∂a. In result, the prepotential is not a modular form and depends also on the anomalous Eisenstein series E
2. This dependence is usually described by the universal MNW modular anomaly equation. We demonstrate that, in the 6d SU(N) theory with two independent modular parameters τ and

$$ \widehat{\tau} $$

τ
^

, the modular anomaly equation changes, because the modular transform of τ is accompanied by an (N -dependent!) shift of

$$ \widehat{\tau} $$

τ
^

and vice versa. This is a new peculiarity of double-elliptic systems, which deserves further investigation.
Parathyroid, Thyroid and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Anatomy in an Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Authors: Udelsman R. , Citino S. B. , Prasad M. , Donovan P. I. , Fredholm D. V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe parathyroid gland was first identified in the Indian rhinoceros in 1849 by Sir Richard Owen. We performed a necropsy in an Indian rhinoceros, recapitulating Owen’s dissection and display what appear to be the initial identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in situ and the anatomy and histology of the largest rhinoceros parathyroid glands yet identified.Materials and methodsPatrick T. Rhino, a 41‐year‐old Indian rhinoceros was born in 1974. His early years were unremarkable. In 2006, he was donated to White Oak Conservation in Yulee, Florida, where he bred and sustained minor injuries. In his geriatric years, he developed a cataract and degenerative joint disease (DJD). At age 41, he developed progressive ataxia and lameness and was euthanized to minimize suffering when he was unable to stand. ROS, FH, SH and medication history were unremarkable. Physical exam was age and species appropriate. Pre‐mortem serum demonstrated: creat 1.8 mg/dL (0.8–2.1), calcium 10.6 mg/dL (9.7–13.1), phos 3.8 mg/dL (2.5–6.7), alk phos 69 U/L (26–158) and intact PTH 44.1 pg/mL (rhinoceros reference range: unknown). Necropsy revealed intervertebral DJD with thoracic spondylosis, which combined with osteoporosis, resulted in thoracic myelopathy and ataxia. The neck block was sent in formalin to the Yale University School of Medicine.ResultsDetailed dissection was performed under loupe magnification. Presumed structures were photographed in situ and biopsied. The thyroid was identified deep to the strap muscles, received its blood supply from the inferior and superior thyroid arteries and was blue in color. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve, identified and photographed in situ for the first time in the rhinoceros, was deep to the inferior thyroid artery and was traced throughout its cervical course. Single parathyroid glands identified on the lateral thyroid lobes received their blood supply from the inferior thyroid arteries and were confirmed histologically. They appear to be the largest parathyroids yet identified in the rhinoceros with estimated weights of 6,280 and 11,000 mg, respectively. Although the etiology of the parathyroid gland enlargement is unknown, the specimen has been preserved recapitulating the dissection performed by Sir Richard Owen.ConclusionThe parathyroids, thyroid and recurrent laryngeal nerve were identified in an Indian rhinoceros. This appears to be the first display of the rhinoceros recurrent laryngeal nerve in situ, and the parathyroid glands are the largest yet identified in the rhinoceros.
Recurrent selection breeding by dominant male sterility for multiple abiotic stresses tolerant rice cultivars
Authors: Pang Yunlong , Chen Kai , Wang Xiaoqian , Xu Jianlong , Ali Jauhar , Li Zhikang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecurrent selection has not been extensively applied in rice breeding practices due to lack of male sterility genes. Recently, a male sterile line (named as ‘Jiabuyu’) controlled by a novel single dominant gene was found, which provides an ideal tool for rice recurrent selection breeding. Here, two different kinds of recurrent selection populations facilitated for outcrossing by the dominant male sterile line ‘Jiabuyu’ were developed, that included one population using 31 abiotic stress tolerance introgression lines with common recipient parent as founders, and the other one using 25 popular restorers lines applied in hybrid breeding as founders. After two cycles of recurrent selection through natural outcrossing, the seeds from male fertile progeny plants were screened for higher grain yield under normal irrigated, drought, and salt-stressed natural field conditions. Finally, we identified 11 promising high-yielding lines under irrigated conditions, 12 drought-tolerant and 12 salt-tolerant lines. Among them, one line gave higher grain yield across all three conditions, three lines yielded high in both irrigated and drought conditions and another three lines gave high yields in both drought and salt-stressed conditions. The present study was a commendable attempt at utilizing recurrent selection population facilitated by dominant male sterile line to improve rice complex traits, which provided valuable lessons for other rice breeders. The developed lines are promising to be rice varieties with high yield, drought and/or salinity tolerances.
Crossing boundaries: Shigeru Nakano's enduring legacy for ecology
Authors: Fausch Kurt D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractShigeru Nakano was a Japanese ecologist whose work crossed boundaries among subdisciplines in ecology, between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, and between different languages and cultures. He published his first paper in 1985 while still an undergraduate, and is well known for his early research on the individual behavior of stream salmonids in dominance hierarchies. Shortly after completing his Master's degree in 1987 he began collaborating with many graduate students and other scientists, including those from the US, and expanded his research to include factors controlling stream salmonid distribution and abundance across spatial scales ranging from local to landscape levels. In 1995 he moved to a research station in southwestern Hokkaido and began new collaborative research on interactions between forest and stream food webs. Nakano pioneered large‐scale field experiments using greenhouses to sever the reciprocal fluxes of invertebrate prey between stream and riparian food webs. The strong direct and indirect effects of isolating these food webs from each other on organisms ranging from stream algae to fish, riparian spiders, and bats have revealed new linkages and explained phenomena that were previously unexplained. When combined with similar results from other investigators, they have created a paradigm shift in ecology. Shigeru Nakano was lost at sea in Baja California on March 27, 2000 at the age of 37, but key papers from his 15‐year career set new standards for rigor, detail, and synthesis. They continue to be highly cited and inspire new research, and to foster new collaborations among Japanese and western scientists.
Determination of the best distribution and effective interval using statistical characterization of uncertain variables
Authors: Joo Minho , Doh Jaehyeok , Lee Jongsoo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this paper, an algorithm for estimating the best distribution about data containing uncertainties is proposed. The proposed algorithm combines sequence statistical modeling (SSM) and a method for determining the minimum experimental data. SSM is a method for selecting the best distribution about data using a goodness of fit (GoF) test and a comparison of the likelihood. The method used to determine the minimum experimental data determines the minimum data needed to an estimate the best distribution. The SSM presented herein is a method for selecting a suitable data distribution when considering only a parametric distribution. Thus, in this paper, the SSM was improved in order to select the correct distribution of both parametric and non-parametric distributions simultaneously. In addition, with the existing method for determining the minimum data, the data should be added based on actual experiments when the results data show an insufficient number, and there is a limitation in that the designers cannot broadly identify the data required. To overcome this limitation, SSM and random sampling are applied to the method to determine the minimum data, and thereby, ensure that the designer knows the approximate minimum data needed. To verify the validity of the proposed algorithm, it was applied to a real world case study on determining multiple statistical parameters in the bolt fastening problem. The sequence of verification methods used is as follows: First, the best distribution of the bearing surface and thread friction coefficient estimated by the proposed algorithm and based on a normal distribution are selected as comparison targets. Second, the bearing surface and thread friction coefficient data are sampled within the 95% confidence interval of the two distributions. Third, the reliability of the sampled friction coefficient data are compared using a Monte-Carlo simulation and an equation to calculate the bolt fastening force. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated.
Highlights The algorithm to determine appropriate probability distribution of data is proposed. The sequential statistical modeling is improved to consider both parametric and non-parametric distribution. The method to determine minimum data is improved to verify sufficiency of data without actual experiments. The effectiveness and validation of the proposed algorithm is verified using the bolt-fastening data.
Comparison of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureterorenoscopy for moderate size renal stones in elderly patients
Authors: Ozgor Faruk , Yanaral Fatih , Savun Metin , Ozdemir Harun , Caglar Ufuk , Sarilar Omer 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLife expectancy has become longer, thus the number of elderly people who require treatment for nephrolithiasis has increased. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of flexible ureterorenoscopy (f‐URS) and miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPNL) in the management of 10 and 30 mm renal stones in patients aged >60 years. In prospective non‐randomized series, the data of patients who underwent f‐URS or mPNL for kidney stones between July 2013 and July 2016 were analyzed. The procedure was accepted as successful if the patient was achieved complete stone clearance according to CT imaging between 1–3 months postoperatively. In total 60 patients and 58 patients were underwent f‐URS and mPNL, respectively. The mean operation time, fluoroscopy time and hospitalization time were significantly shorter for the f‐URS (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). According to Clavien classification system, complication rates were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.673). The stone‐free rate was 81.7% for the f‐URS group and 77.6% for the mPNL group after a single‐session procedure (p = 0.747). Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones were the most common stone type in both groups. In multivariate analysis, multiple stones localization was only independent factor to predict complications. Our study had showed that both f‐URS and mPNL are effective treatment modalities for 10–30‐mm renal stones in elderly patients. Additionally, presence of stones in multiple location was the only predictive factor for complication development.