bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term gut microbiota’s shift after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y vs one anastomosis gastric bypass: results of a multicenter randomized control trial
Authors: De Maio Flavio , Boru Cristian Eugeniu , Velotti Nunzio , Capoccia Danila , Santarelli Giulia , Verrastro Ornella , Bianco Delia Mercedes , Capaldo Brunella , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Musella Mario , Raffaelli Marco , Leonetti Frida , Delogu Giovani , Silecchia Gianfranco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Roux-en-Y (RYGB) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) represent two of the most used bariatric/metabolic surgery (BMS) procedures. Gut microbiota (GM) shift after bypass surgeries, currently understated, may be a possible key driver for the short- and long-term outcomes.

Methods
Prospective, multicenter study enrolling patients with severe obesity, randomized between OAGB or RYGB. Fecal and blood samples were collected, pre- (T0) and 24 months postoperatively (T1). GM was determined by V3-V4 16S rRNA regions sequencing and home-made bioinformatic pipeline based on Qiime2 plugin and R packages.

Objects
To compare OAGB vs RYGB microbiota profile at T1 and its impact on metabolic and nutritional status.

Results
54 patients completed the study, 27 for each procedure. An overall significant variation was detected in anthropometric and serum nutritional parameters at T1, with a significant, similar decrease in overall microbial alpha and beta diversity observed in both groups. An increase in relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and a reduction of Bacteroidetes, no significant changes in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, with an increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were observed.

Conclusions
BMS promotes a dramatic change in GM composition. This is the first multicenter, RCT evaluating the impact of OAGB vs Roux-en-Y bypass on GM profile. The bypass technique per se did not impact differently on GM or other examined metabolic parameters. The emergence of slightly different GM profile postoperatively may be related to clinical conditions or may influence medium or long-term outcomes and as such GM profile may represent a biomarker for bariatric surgery’s outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Effect of prehabilitation programmes on functional capacity in patients awaiting oncological resections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Laza-Cagigas Roberto , Larumbe-Zabala Eneko , Rampal Tara , Seijo Marcos , Naclerio Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of prehabilitation on the perioperative functional capacity of patients awaiting oncological resections.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and within the databases Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, MEDLINE PubMed, and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria were set to include peer-reviewed randomised control trials including only adult (≥ 18 years old) patients undergoing any type of prehabilitation (PREHAB) prior to any type of oncological resection. The studies had to feature at least one control group undergoing standard care (SC) and had to assess functional capacity by means of a 6-min walk distance (6MWD) or peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak) at different stages pre- and post- operatively.

Results
Twenty-seven randomised controlled trials involving 1994 patients were included. After processing the data, the number of patients was 1889. Studies featured different cancer specialties: lung (11), colorectal (5), urological (4), abdominal (3), esophagogastric (2), liver (1), and gastrointestinal (1). Overall, PREHAB enhanced both 6MWD (g = 0.273, 95% CI 0.174 to 0.371, Z = 5.406, p < 0.001) and VO2Peak (g = 0.615, 95% CI 0.243 to 0.987, Z = 3.240, p = 0.001) compared with SC. The 6MWD subgroup analysis revealed a small mean effect size favouring both unimodal and multimodal PREHAB interventions.

Conclusion
These findings support that prehabilitation, whether implemented as unimodal or multimodal format, elicits small preoperative improvements in functional capacity in patients awaiting oncological resections.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42023428676.
CRAFITY score as a predictive marker for refractoriness to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Ueno Masayuki , Takeda Haruhiko , Takai Atsushi , Morimura Hiroki , Nishijima Norihiro , Iwamoto Satoru , Okuyama Shunsuke , Umeda Makoto , Seta Takeshi , Ikeda Atsuyuki , Goto Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Shin’ichi , Kayahara Takahisa , Uenoyama Yoshito , Matsumura Kazuyoshi , Nakano Shigeharu , Mishima Masako , Inuzuka Tadashi , Eso Yuji , Takahashi Ken , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Osaki Yukio , Hatano Etsuro , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Although atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) therapy has been used as the preferred first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), up to 26% of patients do not achieve disease control, suggesting alternative treatments might be more beneficial for such patients. We investigated key predictors for refractoriness to Atezo/Bev therapy, particularly in the first-line setting.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients with HCC who received Atezo/Bev therapy between October 2020 and September 2022 across nine hospitals in Japan. Refractoriness was defined as best overall response (BOR) of progressive disease or stable disease and a progression-free survival (PFS) of < 180 days (RECIST v1.1). Clinical benefit was defined as BOR of partial/complete response or stable disease with PFS of ≥ 180 days. Baseline characteristics and potential predictors, identified through literature review, were compared between these groups. Stratifications of overall survival (OS), and PFS were also assessed.

Results
Refractoriness was observed in 126 (41.7%) patients, while 154 (51.0%) achieved clinical benefit. Due to a significant association between the treatment line and refractory rate, the subsequent analysis focused on the first-line cohort (n = 214; 72 [33.6%] patients showed refractoriness). Among 13 potential predictors, the CRP and AFP in immunotherapy (CRAFITY) score had the best predictive performance, with refractory rates of 24.6%, 44.6%, and 57.9% in CRAFITY-0, 1, and 2 patients, respectively (p < 0.001). OS and PFS were also well-stratified by this scoring system.

Conclusions
Approximately one-third of patients were refractory to first-line Atezo/Bev therapy. The CRAFITY score demonstrated superior performance in predicting refractoriness.
Rapid sloshing-free transport of liquids in arbitrarily shaped containers
Authors: Toth Florian , Scharner Andreas , Schirrer Alexander , Hametner Christoph , Jakubek Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a model-based feedforward control strategy suitable for designing swift rest-to-rest maneuvers for liquids in arbitrarily shaped containers. We employ the commonly used equivalent pendulum model to represent the sloshing dynamics and suggest a novel parameter identification scheme suitable for arbitrary container shapes and any number of sloshing modes. By computing natural modes and fluid reaction forces and torques for imposed harmonic container motions via a finite element model, we obtain data for the identification scheme. A fitting procedure then yields highly accurate parameters for a physical pendulum model, where each pendulum represents one sloshing mode. We also provide a thorough analysis of parameter identifiability and guidelines for obtaining robust parameter estimates. The proposed feedforward control method uses a virtual tray pendulum on which we place the container (in the form of its equivalent pendulum model). Designing the virtual tray such that the fluid’s dominant sloshing mode cannot be excited by horizontally moving the tray pendulum pivot effectively zeros out any sloshing motion in this mode. We then exploit the flatness property of the resulting system to design rest-to-rest maneuvers where any residual sloshing motion (in higher modes) can be exactly stopped at the end of the maneuver. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through extensive simulations and experimental results using a Martini cocktail glass, whose shape is challenging in terms of sloshing. The experimental results show the successful, accurate suppression of sloshing, validating the efficacy of the proposed concept.
Dynamic change of lymphocytes associated with short-term prognosis in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tian Yaqiong , He Ping , Ren Lijun , Xin Hongxia , Xi Bin , Zou Ruyi , Zhao Qi , Yan Xin , Qiu Xiaohua , Gao Yujuan , Liu Yin , Cao Min , Jiang Hanyi , Chen Bi , Chen Juan , Cai Hourong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLymphopenia is a unique manifestation of anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease (MDA5 + DM-ILD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dynamic changes in peripheral lymphocytes and short-term prognosis in patients of MDA5 + DM-ILD. Two hundred sixty-three MDA5 + DM-ILD patients were divided into different groups according to lymphocyte count and death or survival within 1 month, then the differences in clinical features and outcomes were compared. Associations between lymphocytes and risk of death within 1 month were also investigated in different lymphocyte groups using Cox proportional hazard models. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was established to analyze the dynamic changes of lymphocytes in the death 1-month group. Lymphocytes of the patients who died within 1 month were significantly lower than survivors by different lymphocyte grouping methods, and the total lymphocytes showed a gradually decreasing trend in non-survivors. And the difference between survivors and non-survivors was more obvious over time. The lowest tertile of baseline lymphocytes as a reference, the hazard ratios for death within 1 month in the highest tertile were 0.497 (95% CI 0.26–0.949, P for trend = 0.033) after adjustment for potential confounders. GAMM analysis found a mean daily decrease of lymphocytes (0.034 × 10^9/L) after admission in death 1-month patients. Low baseline lymphocytes and gradually declined lymphocytes are both associated with a high risk of death within 1 month. However dynamic changes in lymphocytes can better reflect the disease status and better predict the short-term prognosis than baseline lymphocytes in MDA5 + DM-ILD patients.

Key points•Low baseline lymphocytes and gradually decreased trend along time correlated with poor short-term prognosis in MDA5 + DM-ILD patients.•Dynamic changes of lymphocytes can better reflect the disease status and better predict the 1-month prognosis than baseline lymphocytes in MDA5 + DM-ILD patients.•Generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) analysis found that in 1-month non-survivors, peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased by 0.034 × 10^9/L per day, while the lymphocytes in survivors gradually increased.
Environmental interference
Authors: Kovaka Karen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the guiding ideas in modern environmentalist thought is that we shouldn’t interfere with nature. It’s better to leave it alone. Many of the arguments offered in favor of this presumption against environmental interference are epistemic. One such argument focuses on ineffectiveness. It says that conservation interventions often do not accomplish their goals. A second argument says that well-intentioned interference in nature produces many harmful unintended consequences. I show that these arguments do not justify the presumption against environmental interference. Both arguments depend on stronger claims, such as the claim that conservation interventions do more harm than good overall. Yet, evidence-based conservation studies do not support the idea that conservation interventions generally do not work, or that they do more harm than good. These facts seriously undermine the presumption against environmental interference.
Communication in multiplex transportation networks
Authors: Noschese Silvia , Reichel Lothar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComplex networks are made up of vertices and edges. The edges, which may be directed or undirected, are equipped with positive weights. Modeling complex systems that consist of different types of objects leads to multilayer networks, in which vertices in distinct layers represent different kinds of objects. Multiplex networks are special vertex-aligned multilayer networks, in which vertices in distinct layers are identified with each other and inter-layer edges connect each vertex with its copy in other layers and have a fixed weight $$\gamma >0$$

γ
>
0

associated with the ease of communication between layers. This paper discusses two different approaches to analyze communication in a multiplex. One approach focuses on the multiplex global efficiency by using the multiplex path length matrix, the other approach considers the multiplex total communicability. The sensitivity of both the multiplex global efficiency and the multiplex total communicability to structural perturbations in the network is investigated to help to identify intra-layer edges that should be strengthened to enhance communicability.
Enhancing pyromorphite formation through hydroxyapatite application in lead-contaminated, water-unsaturated soils: influence of low percolation velocity and high soil porosity
Authors: Shimizu Soh , Ogawa Shohei , Katoh Masahiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Chemical immobilization using hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a cost effective and environmentally sound strategy for remediating lead-contaminated soils, such as shooting range soils. Understanding the combined impact of soil chemical and physical properties on enhancing the formation of pyromorphite, a lead-insoluble phase, is crucial for mitigating environmental risks associate with contaminated soil. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between percolation velocity and lead leaching as well as pyromorphite transformation to optimize pyromorphite formation in water-unsaturated soils.

Methods
Two up-flow suction percolation tests were performed: one varying percolation velocity with soil porosity achieved by incorporating clay minerals, and the other varying percolation velocity while keeping soil porosity constant.

Results
Application of HAP substantially suppressed lead leaching in both percolation tests. Enhanced pyromorphite formation was observed with higher percolation velocities relative to soil porosity. Pyromorphite formation was more pronounced at lower percolation velocities compared to higher velocities at equivalent soil porosity level. The percentages of lead formed as pyromorphite in HAP-treated soil were higher than those of lead leached in non-HAP-treated soil among the lower percolation velocities.

Conclusions
This study provides experimental evidence indicating pyromorphite formation is favored in soils with lower percolation velocities and higher soil porosities. Therefore, considering both soil chemical and physical properties is essential for understanding immobilization mechanisms in contaminated soils.
Languaging-as-practice in science education: an alternative to metaphors of language-as-tool
Authors: León Maricela , Lemmi Catherine , Sedlacek Quentin , Ortiz Nickolaus Alexander , Feldman Kimberly 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis commentary proposes the metaphor of “languaging-as-practice” in science education as an alternative to “language-as-tool” metaphors. Describing language as a tool implicitly positions language as static and unchanging and assumes that named languages are distinct and bounded entities. In contrast, describing languaging as a practice acknowledges the multiple and advanced ways speakers draw on many aspects of their linguistic repertoires while often crossing purported boundaries between named languages. This approach is grounded in translanguaging theory and offers a dynamic understanding of language in educational settings. It envisions students constructing and expressing scientific knowledge by drawing on their complete linguistic repertoires. By advocating for this approach, we aim to promote practices that acknowledge and leverage the diverse linguistic backgrounds of students, fostering inclusive and effective learning environments. While this approach has gained some traction in language-education circles, we believe it needs more consideration in the science education community. We also critique the limitations of viewing language merely as a tool for reproducing predefined scientific concepts and discourses, proposing that a more expansive approach to language can enhance opportunities for scientific sense-making and knowledge construction. We urge science education researchers and practitioners to shift how we think and talk about language in the science classroom to adopt and act upon a metaphor of “languaging-as-practice.”
Model for random atmospheric inhomogeneities in engine noise auralization
Authors: Prescher Andrej , Moreau Antoine , Schade Stephen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModelling the impact of atmospheric turbulence is not often encountered in aircraft noise auralizations despite its relevance to human-ear perception. As sound waves propagating through turbulent media undergo modulations, observable in phase and amplitude fluctuations, the plausibility of aircraft noise auralizations is increased by taking this effect into account. This paper presents an extension of a method first developed by Rietdijk et al., for modelling these fluctuations for spherical sound waves travelling through randomly inhomogeneous media. The extensions of the method presented in this paper are: (1) Height-dependent von Kármán spectra are implemented to model slanted or vertical sound propagation. (2) An overlap-add-method is introduced to model a moving sound source when height-dependent changes of turbulence characteristics are considered. (3) Easier to measure input parameters for the (meteorological) conditions are implemented, like e.g. the day time or relative humidity. The method is integrated into a global framework dedicated to engine noise simulation, propagation and auralization, developed and validated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). A good match with measured functions of phase and amplitude fluctuations are observed, as well as realistic reproduction of spectrograms, time signals and the psychoacoustic fluctuation strength of the auralizations with respect to real flyovers.
A comparative study of linear type multiple instance learning techniques for detecting COVID-19 by chest X-ray images
Authors: Avolio Matteo , Fuduli Antonio , Vocaturo Eugenio , Zumpano Ester 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAt the end of 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) referred that the Public Health Commission of Hubei Province, China, reported cases of severe and unknown pneumonia. A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified as responsible for the lung infection, called COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019). Although the definitive COVID-19 diagnosis is made through specific molecular tests, an early diagnosis by imaging became crucial to contain the spread, morbidity and mortality of the pandemic. In such context, chest X-ray radiography, as an element that assists the diagnosis allowing also the follow-up of the disease, plays a very important role since it is the most easily available and least expensive alternative. This work focuses on applying different linear type instance-level Multiple Instance Learning techniques to discriminate between COVID-19 and common viral pneumonia chest X-ray images, which is a difficult task due to the strong similarity characterizing the two classes. A relevant advantage of such approaches is that they are also suitable in terms of interpretability, as they easily allow clinicians to identify abnormal subregions in a positive radiographic image. Numerical experiments have been performed on a set of 200 images, obtaining the following results: accuracy = 95%, sensitivity = 99.29%, specificity = 91.24% and MCC = 0.9. The used algorithms appear promising in practical applications, taking into account their high speed and considering that no particular pre-processing techniques have been employed.
Amenorrea primaria funzionale: epidemiologia, diagnosi e trattamento
Authors: Minnetti Marianna , Tarantino Chiara , D’Amico Monica , Filice Emanuele , Graziadio Chiara , Mocini Edoardo , Tiralongo Giuseppe , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Tarsitano Maria Grazia , Donini Lorenzo M. 
Published: September 2024

SommarioIl ciclo mestruale è un importante indicatore di salute femminile che riflette l’equilibrio ormonale e metabolico di una donna. L’amenorrea primaria, caratterizzata dall’assenza di menarca nelle ragazze con età superiore ai 15 anni e con segni di sviluppo puberale, o superiore ai 13 anni senza tali segni, può derivare da diverse cause. Tra queste possiamo riscontrare disturbi ormonali, cause genetiche, anomalie utero-vaginali e cause funzionali. In particolare, l’amenorrea ipotalamica funzionale (FHA) è spesso associata a bassa disponibilità energetica, che può essere causata da disturbi della nutrizione e dell’alimentazione o eccessiva attività fisica. Durante la pubertà, il rilascio pulsatile di GnRH dall’ipotalamo stimola la produzione di LH e FSH dall’ipofisi, promuovendo la maturazione sessuale e il menarca. Tuttavia, nelle pazienti con FHA la secrezione pulsatile di GnRH è soppressa a causa di una ridotta disponibilità energetica, portando a ipoestrogenismo e amenorrea. La leptina, prodotta dal tessuto adiposo, svolge un ruolo chiave nella regolazione dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-gonadi; livelli ridotti di leptina possono contribuire alla soppressione del GnRH. L’epidemiologia dell’amenorrea primaria funzionale riflette una prevalenza variabile, con una maggiore incidenza nelle pazienti con disturbi alimentari come l’anoressia nervosa. Le atlete adolescenti, soprattutto quelle coinvolte in sport che enfatizzano la magrezza, presentano un rischio aumentato di FHA. La diagnosi di questa condizione richiede un’attenta esclusione di altre cause di amenorrea primaria attraverso esami del sangue e una valutazione clinica e psicologica approfondita. Il trattamento dell’amenorrea primaria funzionale si concentra sul ripristino dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-ovaio attraverso la promozione di cambiamenti comportamentali e la correzione dello squilibrio energetico. Il coinvolgimento di un team multidisciplinare è essenziale per una gestione efficace. In conclusione, un’approfondita comprensione della fisiopatologia, dell’epidemiologia e della gestione dell’amenorrea primaria funzionale è cruciale per garantire un trattamento adeguato e migliorare la salute riproduttiva e il benessere generale delle pazienti colpite. Ulteriori ricerche sono necessarie per affinare le strategie diagnostiche e terapeutiche e per sviluppare interventi preventivi mirati.