bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Infused Interpenetrating Network as Gate Dielectric for High Performance Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Han Guoqiang , Zhang Jun , Zhang Guocheng , Yang Huihuang , Lan Shuqiong , Wang Xiumei , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang 
Published: March 2017

An effectively novel surface infusion method is proposed and employed as a modification process of insulator to simultaneously improve surface morphology and densification of dielectric layers in an organic filed effect transistor. The process involves two steps: infusion of liquid monomers into the cross‐linked poly(4‐vinylphenol) films and photopolymerization to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) within the surface. The modified films exhibit excellent insulating properties with smooth surface, high densification, and low leakage current. Moreover, the improved dielectric surface with infused IPN results in a better semiconducting polymer ordering, which facilitates charge transport. In correlation to device performance, it shows that the charge mobility improves from 0.24 to 1.60 cm2 V−1 s−1 along with improved threshold voltage and on/off ratio. This novel method can be broadly applicable to the simple optimization of polymeric gate dielectric for the further improvement of organic thin film transistors.
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An example of synergistic coupling of upper‐ and lower‐level jets associated with flash flooding
Authors: Kastman Joshua S. , Mccoy Laurel D. , Market Patrick S. , Fox Neil I. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA brief case study is provided of a striking example of vertical and horizontal jet coupling associated with the upper jet level as well as upper‐ and lower‐level jet coupling; these jet interactions also supported the development of elevated convection and led to flash flooding. The case constitutes a faithful, real‐world verification of what has been suggested in idealized conceptual models by several investigators for similar situations of elevated convection with excessive precipitation.
Is Modeling the PSD in Emulsion Polymerization a Finished Problem? An Overview
Authors: Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Vale Hugo M. , Pohn Jordan M. , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSignificant progress has been made over the past 20–30 years in terms of the ability to develop and solve mechanistic models of emulsion polymerization processes, and in particular models for prediction of the particle size distribution. However, this does not imply that modeling of these economically important processes is by any means a “solved problem,” or that it is no longer necessary to perform fundamental research in this area. There are a number of areas where strong scientific work would increase the understanding of the process, including events in the aqueous phase, radical entry into growing particles, monomer partitioning, and especially the mechanisms and modeling of particle coagulation.
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Towards rigorous robust optimal control via generalized high‐order moment expansion
Authors: Houska Boris , Li Jiaqi C. , Chachuat Benoît 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis study is concerned with the rigorous solution of worst‐case robust optimal control problems having bounded time‐varying uncertainty and nonlinear dynamics with affine uncertainty dependence. We propose an algorithm that combines existing uncertainty set‐propagation and moment‐expansion approaches. Specifically, we consider a high‐order moment expansion of the time‐varying uncertainty, and we bound the effect of the infinite‐dimensional remainder term on the system state, in a rigorous manner, using ellipsoidal calculus. We prove that the error introduced by the expansion converges to zero as more moments are added. Moreover, we describe a methodology to construct a conservative, yet more computationally tractable, robust optimization problem, whose solution values are also shown to converge to those of the original robust optimal control problem. We illustrate the applicability and accuracy of this approach with the robust time‐optimal control of a motorized robot arm.
Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium and lead from aqueous solutions by s‐triazine containing nanoporous polyamide
Authors: Dinari Mohammad , Haghighi Atefeh 
Published: March 2017

s‐Triazine containing dicarboxylic acid was synthesized. Then, it was reacted with 1,3‐phenylenediamine in molten tetrabutylammonium bromide to formed soluble aromatic polyamide with good yield and moderate inherent viscosity of 0.35 dL g−1. The solubility and flexibility of polyamides are low. So, we used ether group such as di(4‐aminephenyl) ether in building polyamide. The structure of monomer and polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal properties of synthesized polyamide, and their results show that this polymer had a good thermal stability. The surface morphology of s‐triazine containing polyamide was studied by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the results show that it has a porous morphology and moderate Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface (367 m2 g−1). It was further investigated for Pb (II) and Cr(VI) ion removal by optimizing the parameters including pH and contact time. The maximum uptakes of Pb(II) and Cr(VI) at pH 5.0 and pH 4.0 are 57% and 76%, respectively. Also, sorption kinetics of this polymer was investigated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) on the electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS films
Authors: Håkansson Anna , Han Shaobo , Wang Suhao , Lu Jun , Braun Slawomir , Fahlman Mats , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier , Fabiano Simone 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been reported as a successful functional material in a broad variety of applications. One of the most important advantages of PEDOT:PSS is its water‐solubility, which enables simple and environmental friendly manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, this also implies that pristine PEDOT:PSS films are unsuitable for applications in aqueous environments. To reach stability in polar solvents, (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) is typically used to cross‐link PEDOT:PSS. Although this strategy is widely used, its mechanism and effect on PEDOT:PSS performance have not been articulated yet. Here, we present a broad study that provides a better understanding of the effect of GOPS on the electrical and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS. We show that the GOPS reacts with the sulfonic acid group of the excess PSS, causing a change in the PEDOT:PSS film morphology, while the oxidation level of PEDOT remains unaffected. This is at the origin of the observed conductivity changes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 814–820
Adaptive model predictive control of nonlinear systems with state‐dependent uncertainties
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Lixing , Sun Yu , Deng Kun 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper studies adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) of systems with time‐varying and potentially state‐dependent uncertainties. We propose an estimation and prediction architecture within the min‐max MPC framework. An adaptive estimator is presented to estimate the set‐valued measures of the uncertainty using piecewise constant adaptive law, which can be arbitrarily accurate if the sampling period in adaptation is small enough. Based on such measures, a prediction scheme is provided that predicts the time‐varying feasible set of the uncertainty over the prediction horizon. We show that if the uncertainty and its first derivatives are locally Lipschitz, the stability of the system with AMPC can always be guaranteed under the standard assumptions for traditional min‐max MPC approaches, while the AMPC algorithm enhances the control performance by efficiently reducing the size of the feasible set of the uncertainty in min‐max MPC setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridging Reading Comprehension and Conceptual Change in Science Education: The Promise of Refutation Text
Authors: Sinatra Gale M. , Broughton Suzanne H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe use of texts in science classrooms has waned significantly over the past two decades. However, recently, researchers have shown renewed interest in the use of refutation texts as a tool for promoting conceptual change and science learning. In this article, we examine the intersection of conceptual change and reading comprehension research in science education. We begin by explaining how researchers in conceptual change have turned their interests toward text comprehension. We then examine models of reading comprehension that contribute to our understanding of how text can promote science learning in general and conceptual change in particular. Next, we examine recent empirical research concerning the effect of refutation text in promoting conceptual change in science. We close with suggestions for future research that seeks to integrate these two areas for the advancement of both scientific literacy and literacy skill development.
Multilingual Practices, Critical Literacies, and Visual Culture: A Focus on African Contexts
Authors: Hoffman James V. , Rogers Theresa , Sailors Misty , Tierney Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this essay, we review and comment on three books that focus on language, literacy, and visual and cultural communication: English as a Local Language: Post‐Colonial Identities and Multilingual Practices by Christina Higgins; Literacy and Power by Hilary Janks; and South African Visual Culture, edited by Jeanne van Eeden and Amanda du Preez. Each of these books takes a critical stance toward language, literacy, and culture and each is focused on particular contexts in Africa. Taken as a whole, these books reveal the complexity of social practices that surround literacy in particular contexts through the careful examination of historical contexts, power relationships, and social interactions. While focused on African contexts, the arguments related to language diversity, multimodal literacy practices, and cultural representations of meaning in these books have global relevance.
Reading Leveled Books in −Assessment‐Saturated Classrooms: A Close Examination of Unmarked Processes of Assessment
Authors: Kontovourki Stavroula 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines the reading of leveled books and the assessment of students’ reading levels in a public school classroom. The purpose of the research study was to examine how these processes of assessment, which often go unnoticed, shaped the ways reading and readers were defined. The research was located in a third grade, public school classroom in a large metropolitan city in the United States. Theoretically grounded in sociocultural perspectives on literacy and poststructural notions of power and positioning, the research methodology involved a series of nested case studies of the classroom as a whole and of one particular reader, whose performances allowed a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of reading levels and reading leveled books in the particular classroom. Data analysis involved the thematic analysis of reading events with the purpose of identifying the materials, norms, and routines connected to reading leveled books. Attention was paid to processes of naming, to students’ efforts to discipline selves and others, and to the meaning of reading as measurable that extended beyond the boundaries of the local classroom and into broader institutional contexts. This allowed tracing and interpreting the productive and regulatory power of leveling. The findings show that reading leveled books and assessing students’ levels were integral parts of schooled literacy as performed in the particular classroom. The study offers grounded theoretical hypotheses about the intersection of reading instruction and assessment and calls readers to consider the complexities of reading and reading instruction in elementary classrooms.
Combining Contextual and Morphemic Cues Is Beneficial During Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition: Semantic Transparency in Novel Compound Word Processing
Authors: Brusnighan Stephen M. , Folk Jocelyn R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn two studies, we investigated how skilled readers use contextual and morphemic information in the process of incidental vocabulary acquisition during reading. In Experiment 1, we monitored skilled readers’ eye movements while they silently read sentence pairs containing novel and known English compound words that were either semantically transparent (e.g., milkshake, drinkblend) or opaque (e.g., cocktail, deskdoor) in informative and neutral sentence contexts. In Experiment 2, we included a postreading vocabulary test following self‐paced reading, which allowed for an examination of word learning success. We found that readers showed processing time advantages for novel transparent compounds in informative contexts, when contextual and morphemic information converged on a meaning. Conversely, these readers showed processing time disadvantages for novel opaque compounds in informative contexts when contextual and morphemic information conflicted as to the interpretation of the novel compound. Postreading vocabulary test performance revealed that readers retained new word meanings after a single exposure, and retention rates were significantly improved as a result of combining contextual and morphemic cues. Further, readers spent more time reading sentences containing novel words for which they subsequently correctly identified the meaning of the novel word. The data suggest that skilled readers automatically decompose novel compound words, that readers’ ability to derive word meanings for novel English compounds is aided by pooling contextual and morphemic sources of information, and that readers’ monitoring of their comprehension when reading texts containing novel words leads to further gains in vocabulary knowledge.
Transnationalism and Literacy: Investigating the Mobility of People, Languages, Texts, and Practices in Contexts of Migration
Authors: Lam Wan Shun Eva , Warriner Doris S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis review of research offers a synthesis and analysis of research studies that address issues of language and literacy practices and learning in transnational contexts of migration. We consider how theoretical concepts from transnational migration studies, including particular Boudieusian‐inspired concepts such as transnational social field, capital, and habitus, as well as sociolinguistic studies of language and transnational space, might inform and extend the field of literacy research. We mobilize these concepts in relation to each other as interpretive frames for discussing an emerging body of empirical studies that address various aspects of language and literacy practices as they are intertwined with issues of cross‐border relations and mobility. Studies reviewed examine practices in families and communities, practices among youth and within educational settings, and practices with transnational media (broadcast and digital communications). We argue that as a whole these studies show the important role of language and literacy practices in constructing and maintaining social relations across borders, and in how migrants navigate and position themselves in various social fields within and across national boundaries. We consider the intergenerational process in the family in mediating participation in these social practices, how language ideologies at multiple scale levels influence family and youth practices, and the variable ways in which institutional structures of schooling position the transnational affiliations and linguistic resources of migrant students.
Reading Attitudes of Middle School Students: Results of a U.S. Survey
Authors: McKenna Michael C. , Conradi Kristin , Lawrence Camille , Jang Bong Gee , Meyer J. Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo examine the current state of reading attitudes among middle school students in the United States, a survey was developed and administered to 4,491 students in 23 states plus the District of Columbia. The instrument comprised four subscales measuring attitudes toward: recreational reading in print settings, recreational reading in digital settings, academic reading in print settings, and academic reading in digital settings. Factor analysis confirmed the factor structure corresponding to the four subscales, and reliability coefficients for these subscales ranged from 0.78 to 0.86. Correlations among the subscales varied considerably, due largely to the recreational digital subscale. Analyses of variance subsequently confirmed a pattern for the recreational digital subscale that differed from that of the others. For academic digital, recreational print, and academic print, the attitudes of females were more positive than those of males; however, for attitudes toward recreational reading in digital settings, the pattern was reversed. In addition, results for three of the subscales showed a gradual worsening of attitudes from 6th to 8th grade. The exception was academic print, for which attitudes did not differ by grade. No interactions were observed between grade and gender for any of the subscales. Results are discussed in the context of attitude theory and the rapid evolution of digital literacy and its social uses by adolescents.
A Rapid Pipeline to Model Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Simultaneous CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing
Authors: Bell Scott , Peng Huashan , Crapper Liam , Kolobova Ilaria , Maussion Gilles , Vasuta Cristina , Yerko Volodymyr , Wong Tak Pan , Ernst Carl 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The development of targeted therapeutics for rare neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) faces significant challenges due to the scarcity of subjects and the difficulty of obtaining human neural cells. Here, we illustrate a rapid, simple protocol by which patient derived cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an episomal vector and differentiated into neurons. Using this platform enables patient somatic cells to be converted to physiologically active neurons in less than two months with minimal labor. This platform includes a method to combine somatic cell reprogramming with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing at single cell resolution, which enables the concurrent development of clonal knockout or knock-in models that can be used as isogenic control lines. This platform reduces the logistical barrier for using iPSC technology, allows for the development of appropriate control lines for use in rare neurodevelopmental disease research, and establishes a fundamental component to targeted therapeutics and precision medicine.
Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature
Authors: Medina Reinhold J. , Barber Chad L. , Sabatier Florence , Dignat-George Francoise , Melero-Martin Juan M. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Ohneda Osamu , Randi Anna M. , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Yamaguchi Teruhide , Van Hinsbergh Victor W.M. , Yoder Mervin C. , Stitt Alan W. 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually grouped under the term “EPC.” It would be highly advantageous to agree on standards to confirm an endothelial progenitor phenotype and this should include detailed immunophenotyping, potency assays, and clear separation from hematopoietic angiogenic cells which are not endothelial progenitors. In this review, we seek to discourage the indiscriminate use of “EPCs,” and instead propose precise terminology based on defining cellular phenotype and function. Endothelial colony forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells are examples of two distinct and well-defined cell types that have been considered EPCs because they both promote vascular repair, albeit by completely different mechanisms of action. It is acknowledged that scientific nomenclature should be a dynamic process driven by technological and conceptual advances; ergo the ongoing “EPC” nomenclature ought not to be permanent and should become more precise in the light of strong scientific evidence. This is especially important as these cells become recognized for their role in vascular repair in health and disease and, in some cases, progress toward use in cell therapy.
Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy
Authors: Phinney Donald G. , Pittenger Mark F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is undergoing extensive evaluation as a cellular therapy in human clinical trials. Because MSCs are easily isolated and amenable to culture expansion in vitro there is a natural desire to test MSCs in many diverse clinical indications. This is exemplified by the rapidly expanding literature base that includes many in vivo animal models. More recently, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles (MV), are being examined for their role in MSC-based cellular therapy. These vesicles are involved in cell-to-cell communication, cell signaling, and altering cell or tissue metabolism at short or long distances in the body. The exosomes and MVs can influence tissue responses to injury, infection, and disease. MSC-derived exosomes have a content that includes cytokines and growth factors, signaling lipids, mRNAs, and regulatory miRNAs. To the extent that MSC exosomes can be used for cell-free regenerative medicine, much will depend on the quality, reproducibility, and potency of their production, in the same manner that these parameters dictate the development of cell-based MSC therapies. However, the MSC exosome's contents are not static, but rather a product of the MSC tissue origin, its activities and the immediate intercellular neighbors of the MSCs. As such, the exosome content produced by MSCs appears to be altered when MSCs are cultured with tumor cells or in the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Therefore, careful attention to detail in producing MSC exosomes may provide a new therapeutic paradigm for cell-free MSC-based therapies with decreased risk.
Effect of a nitric oxide donor on maternal hemodynamics in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Tiralongo G. M. , Pisani I. , Vasapollo B. , Khalil A. , Thilaganathan B. , Valensise H. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effect on maternal cardiovascular parameters of treatment with a nitric oxide (NO) donor and plasma volume expansion in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsTwenty‐six pregnant women with a diagnosis of FGR were treated with transdermal patches of a NO donor and plasma volume expansion by co‐administration of oral fluids. We compared the treated group to a historical control group of untreated FGR patients. Hemodynamic indices were obtained using the UltraSonic Cardiac Output Monitor system.ResultsAt diagnosis, the two groups were similar in terms of maternal and hemodynamic characteristics. In the treated group, we found a significant increase in maternal cardiac output and stroke volume and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance after 2 weeks of therapy. No significant differences were found 2 weeks after diagnosis in the untreated group. The treated group delivered infants with higher birth‐weight centile than did the untreated control group.ConclusionsThe combined therapeutic approach of NO donor administration and plasma volume expansion in FGR apparently improves significantly maternal hemodynamic indices. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.