bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a critical agenda to understand pro‐environmental actions: contributions from Social Representations and Social Practices Theories
Authors: Batel Susana , Castro Paula , Devine‐Wright Patrick , Howarth Caroline 
Published: June 2016

Debates over the value and compatibility of different approaches to understanding and changing environmental‐relevant actions proliferate across the social sciences. This article reviews and discusses some of the (socio‐)psychological and sociological approaches in those debates. We will start by critically reviewing the (socio‐)psychological perspectives, highlighting two main shortcomings. First, they are often partial in their focus—concentrating on the consumption side of climate‐relevant actions and, relatedly in changing these actions at the individual level. They tend to assume that individual change equates to social change and, with that, fail to contextualize ‘anti’‐environmental actions in current neoliberal, capitalist societies. Second, they usually present the mainstream (socio‐)psychological approaches, which are ontologically individualistic and cognitive, as the only existent ones, therefore neglecting other perspectives within Social Psychology which might actually be (more) compatible with sociological perspectives. We then suggest that Social Representations Theory (SRT), as an ontologically social‐psychological approach and a theory of social change, might be reconciled with sociological approaches, such as Social Practices Theory (SPT), in contrast to the more individualistic (socio‐)psychological perspectives. After reviewing the main tenets ofSRT, its discrepancies and potential synergies withSPT, we discuss how both can be articulated to understand different stages of the social change process toward more environmentally sustainable societies. WhileSPTmight be more suitable to understand stability or how some actions become habitual,SRTmight be better equipped to understand how those change, or how individuals and groups negotiate new actions with old ones.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:727–745. doi: 10.1002/wcc.417This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
The diameter of mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Peng Yunfeng , Jia Riheng , Gao Xing , Gan Xiaoying 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWith the prevalence of mobile devices, it is of much interest to study the properties of mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we extend the concept of diameter from static ad hoc network to mobile ad hoc network, which is the expected number of rounds for one node to transmit a message to all other nodes in the network, reflecting the worst end‐to‐end delay between any two node. Specifically, we investigate the diameter of identically and independently mobility model in cell‐partitioned network and random walk mobility model in two‐dimensional torus network, achieving the boundary
, when (k=Ω(n)), and O(k log2k), respectively, where n is the number of nodes and k is the number of cells of network and especially under random walk mobility model
. A comparison is made among the diameter of mobile ad hoc networks under identically and independently mobility model, random walk mobility model and static ad hoc network, showing that mobility dramatically decreases the diameter of the network and speed is an essential and decisive factor of diameter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5G multimedia massive MIMO communications systems
Authors: Ge Xiaohu , Wang Haichao , Zi Ran , Li Qiang , Ni Qiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, a majority of the traffic demands are contributed by various multimedia applications. To support the future 5G multimedia communication systems, the massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technique is recognized as a key enabler because of its high spectral efficiency. The massive antennas and radio frequency chains not only improve the implementation cost of 5G wireless communication systems but also result in an intense mutual coupling effect among antennas because of the limited space for deploying antennas. To reduce the cost, an optimal equivalent precoding matrix with the minimum number of radio frequency chains is proposed for 5G multimedia massive MIMO communication systems considering the mutual coupling effect. Moreover, an upper bound of the effective capacity is derived for 5G multimedia massive MIMO communication systems. Two antennas that receive diversity gain models are built and analyzed. The impacts of the antenna spacing, the number of antennas, the quality‐of‐service (QoS) statistical exponent, and the number of independent incident directions on the effective capacity of 5G multimedia massive MIMO communication systems are analyzed. Comparing with the conventional zero‐forcing precoding matrix, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimal equivalent precoding matrix can achieve a higher achievable rate for 5G multimedia massive MIMO communication systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bellwether Procedures for Monitoring and Planning Essential Surgical Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: Caesarean Delivery, Laparotomy, and Treatment of Open Fractures
Authors: O’Neill Kathleen M. , Greenberg Sarah L. M. , Cherian Meena , Gillies Rowan D. , Daniels Kimberly M. , Roy Nobhojit , Raykar Nakul P. , Riesel Johanna N. , Spiegel David , Watters David A. , Gruen Russell L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundSurgical conditions represent a significant proportion of the global burden of disease, and therefore, surgery is an essential component of health systems. Achieving universal health coverage requires effective monitoring of access to surgery. However, there is no widely accepted standard for the required capabilities of a first‐level hospital. We aimed to determine whether a group of operations could be used to describe the delivery of essential surgical care.MethodsWe convened an expert panel to identify procedures that might indicate the presence of resources needed to treat an appropriate range of surgical conditions at first‐level hospitals. Using data from the World Health Organization Emergency and Essential Surgical Care Global database, collected using the WHO Situational Analysis Tool (SAT), we analysed whether the ability to perform each of these procedures—which we term “bellwether procedures”—was associated with performing a full range of essential surgical procedures.FindingsThe ability to perform caesarean delivery, laparotomy, and treatment of open fracture was closely associated with performing all obstetric, general, basic, emergency, and orthopaedic procedures (p < 0.001) in the population that responded to the WHO SAT Survey. Procedures including cleft lip, cataract, and neonatal surgery did not correlate with performing the bellwether procedures.InterpretationCaesarean delivery, laparotomy, and treatment of open fractures should be standard procedures performed at first‐level hospitals. With further validation in other populations, local managers and health ministries may find this useful as a benchmark for what first‐level hospitals can and should be able to perform on a 24/7 basis in order to ensure delivery of emergency and essential surgical care to their population. Those procedures which did not correlate with the bellwether procedures can be referred to a specialized centre or collected for treatment by a visiting specialist team.
The Quality of Open-Access Video-Based Orthopaedic Instructional Content for the Shoulder Physical Exam is Inconsistent
Authors: Urch Ekaterina , Taylor Samuel A. , Cody Elizabeth , Fabricant Peter D. , Burket Jayme C. , O'Brien Stephen J. , Dines David M. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: June 2016

Background The internet has an increasing role in both patient and physician education. While several recent studies critically appraised the quality and accuracy of web-based written information available to patients, no studies have evaluated such parameters for open-access video content designed for provider use. Questions/Purposes The primary goal of the study was to determine the accuracy of internet-based instructional videos featuring the shoulder physical examination. Methods An assessment of quality and accuracy of said video content was performed using the basic shoulder examination as a surrogate for the “best-case scenario” due to its widely accepted components that are stable over time. Three search terms (“shoulder,” “examination,” and “shoulder exam”) were entered into the four online video resources most commonly accessed by orthopaedic surgery residents (VuMedi, G9MD, Orthobullets, and YouTube). Videos were captured and independently reviewed by three orthopaedic surgeons. Quality and accuracy were assessed in accordance with previously published standards. Results Of the 39 video tutorials reviewed, 61% were rated as fair or poor. Specific maneuvers such as the Hawkins test, O'Brien sign, and Neer impingement test were accurately demonstrated in 50, 36, and 27% of videos, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (mean kappa 0.80, range 0.79–0.81). Conclusion Our results suggest that information presented in open-access video tutorials featuring the physical examination of the shoulder is inconsistent. Trainee exposure to such potentially inaccurate information may have a significant impact on trainee education.
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix: Experience at La Paz University Hospital of Madrid (1967–2014)
Authors: Arellano Miguel León , González-Domínguez Yannko , Molina-Ortiz Fernando , Heras Garceau María Alexandra , Cantero Ramón , Rodríguez-Montes José Antonio 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix (PAA) is a rare tumor, and it represents 0.03% of all appendiceal pathology. Diagnosis is made during histopathological study in patients with acute appendicitis.

Objective:
This study aimed to present our experience in this pathology.

Methods and Materials:
Retrospective study of all patients with acute appendicitis (AA) at University Hospital La Paz of Madrid, during 47 years (1967–2014). We studied age, gender, preoperative diagnose, surgery, histopathology, evolution and survival rate.

Results:
There were 44 patients with mean age 60.3 years (32–91) with PAA; 25 (47%) were male. The most common preoperative diagnosis was AA in 29 cases (66%), followed by right lower quadrant plastron in 12 cases (27%). AA coexisted in 12 cases (27%). The first surgery was an appendectomy in 32 patients (73%) and right colectomy in 12 (27%). In 32 patients who had an appendectomy, a right colectomy was done between 2 and 5 weeks after first surgery. 30 cases (68%) were well differentiated mucosecretor adenocarcinoma. In 37 cases, tumoral invasion affected serous layer without lymph node affection. 12-year survival rate was 59%. Mean follow up time was 8.2 years (4 months–32 years).

Conclusions:
PAA is a rare tumor, and in our series it represented 0.01% of 53,019 appendectomies. Preoperative diagnosis was unusual. Clinical presentation was similar to appendicitis. Elective treatment was right colectomy.

Highlights
Partial least squares path modeling: Time for some serious second thoughts
Authors: Rönkkö Mikko , McIntosh Cameron N. , Antonakis John , Edwards Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPartial least squares (PLS) path modeling is increasingly being promoted as a technique of choice for various analysis scenarios, despite the serious shortcomings of the method. The current lack of methodological justification for PLS prompted the editors of this journal to declare that research using this technique is likely to be desk‐rejected (Guide and Ketokivi, 2015). To provide clarification on the inappropriateness of PLS for applied research, we provide a non‐technical review and empirical demonstration of its inherent, intractable problems. We show that although the PLS technique is promoted as a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, it is simply regression with scale scores and thus has very limited capabilities to handle the wide array of problems for which applied researchers use SEM. To that end, we explain why the use of PLS weights and many rules of thumb that are commonly employed with PLS are unjustifiable, followed by addressing why the touted advantages of the method are simply untenable.
The performance of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in predicting liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hung , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Yang Jeng‐Fu , Liang Po‐Cheng , Huang Chung‐Feng , Dai Chia‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSonography‐based noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment is promising in the prediction of treatment efficacy and prognosis in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) is a newly‐developed transient elastography (TE) method integrated into a conventional ultrasound machine. The study aimed to assess the performance of ARFI imaging in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in Taiwanese CLD patients. We also aimed to search for the optimal cut‐off values in different fibrosis stages. A total of 60 CLD patients (40 males; mean age, 51.8 ± 11 years) were consecutively included. They received standard ARFI measurement within 2 weeks at the time of liver biopsy. There were eight patients with Metavir fibrosis stage 0 (F0), 16 patients with F1, 20 patients with F2, eight patients with F3, and eight patients with F4, respectively. The mean values among patient with F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 1.17 ± 0.13, 1.30 ± 0.17, 1.31 ± 0.24, 2.01 ± 0.45, and 2.69 ± 0.91, respectively (p < 0.001). The optimal cut‐off ARFI value for significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 1.53 with the accuracy of 0.733, while it was 1.66 for advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) with the accuracy of 0.957. Our study demonstrated that ARFI imaging is competent for fibrosis diagnosis, particularly in CLD patients with advanced fibrosis.
Educación médica basada en competencias: la nueva Torre de Babel
Authors: Martinez-Folgar Kevin 
Published: June 2016

A partir del proyecto Tunning desarrollado en Europa, las universidades en América Latina han optado por la educación basada en competencias como un nuevo paradigma y guía docente que promete ser la solución a la necesidad del mercado laboral. Poco se sabe sobre métodos de estandarización del aprendizaje basado en competencias y, aún más importante, sobre el poder evaluarlas para brindar una certificación que asegure el dominio de las distintas competencias.
“Just-in-Time” Personal Preparedness: Downloads and Usage Patterns of the American Red Cross Hurricane Application During Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Kirsch Thomas D. , Circh Ryan , Bissell Richard A. , Goldfeder Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivePersonal preparedness is a core activity but has been found to be frequently inadequate. Smart phone applications have many uses for the public, including preparedness. In 2012 the American Red Cross began releasing “disaster” apps for family preparedness and recovery. The Hurricane App was widely used during Hurricane Sandy in 2012.MethodsPatterns of download of the application were analyzed by using a download tracking tool by the American Red Cross and Google Analytics. Specific variables included date, time, and location of individual downloads; number of page visits and views; and average time spent on pages.ResultsAs Hurricane Sandy approached in late October, daily downloads peaked at 152,258 on the day of landfall and by mid-November reached 697,585. Total page views began increasing on October 25 with over 4,000,000 page views during landfall compared to 3.7 million the first 3 weeks of October with a 43,980% increase in views of the “Right Before” page and a 76,275% increase in views of the “During” page.ConclusionsThe Hurricane App offered a new type of “just-in-time” training that reached tens of thousands of families in areas affected by Hurricane Sandy. The app allowed these families to access real-time information before and after the storm to help them prepare and recover. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)
Disaster Medicine in China: Present and Future
Authors: Hou Shi-ke , Lv Qi , Ding Hui , Zhang Yong-zhong , Yu Bao-guo , Liu Zi-quan , Su Bin , Liu Jin-Yang , Yu Meng-yang , Sun Zhi-guang , Fan Hao-jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDisaster can strike people in any community at any time anywhere in the world. Disasters occur with high frequency, take on multiple forms, and exert wide influence, typically causing property damage, injuries, and death. As the world’s largest developing country, China incurs great costs when a disaster hits. After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the Chinese government focused its attention on the construction of an emergency response system, the creation of disaster prevention and mitigation systems, and the development of a disaster medicine program. Here, we describe the current status of disaster medicine in China, focusing on the following four aspects: the Emergency Management System, Education & Training, Rescue Practices, and Research. We also discuss the future of disaster medicine in China. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:157–165)
Policies for Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in US Healthcare Facilities Reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2014
Authors: Weiner Lindsey M. , Webb Amy K. , Walters Maroya S. , Dudeck Margaret A. , Kallen Alexander J. 
Published: June 2016

We examined reported policies for the control of common multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in US healthcare facilities using data from the National Healthcare Safety Network Annual Facility Survey. Policies for the use of Contact Precautions were commonly reported. Chlorhexidine bathing for preventing MDRO transmission was also common among acute care hospitals.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–4
Turbulence attenuation in simultaneously heated and cooled annular flows at supercritical pressure
Authors: Peeters Jurriaan W. R. , Pecnik R. , Rohde M. , van der Hagen T. H. J. J. , Boersma B. J. 
Published: June 2016

Heated or cooled fluids at supercritical pressure show large variations in thermophysical properties, such as the density, dynamic viscosity and molecular Prandtl number, which strongly influence turbulence characteristics. To investigate this, direct numerical simulations were performed of a turbulent flow at supercritical pressure (CO$_{2}$at 8 MPa) in an annulus with a hot inner wall and a cold outer wall. The pseudo-critical temperature lies close to the inner wall, which results in strong thermophysical property variations in that region. The turbulent shear stress and the turbulent intensities significantly decrease near the hot inner wall, but increase near the cold outer wall, which can be partially attributed to the mean dynamic viscosity and density stratification. This leads to decreased production of turbulent kinetic energy near the inner wall and vice versa near the outer wall. However, by analysing a transport equation for the coherent streak flank strength, it was found that thermophysical property fluctuations significantly affect streak evolution. Near the hot wall, thermal expansion and buoyancy tend to decrease streak coherence, while the viscosity gradient that exists across the streaks interacts with mean shear to act as either a source or a sink in the evolution equation for the coherent streak flank strength. The formation of streamwise vortices on the other hand is hindered by the torque that is the result of the kinetic energy and density gradients. Near the cold wall, the results are reversed, i.e. the coherent streak flank strength and the streamwise vortices are enhanced due to the variable density and dynamic viscosity. The results show that not only the mean stratification but also the large instantaneous thermophysical property variations that occur in heated or cooled fluids at supercritical pressure have a significant effect on turbulent structures that are responsible for the self-regeneration process in near-wall turbulence. Thus, instantaneous density and dynamic viscosity fluctuations are responsible for decreased (or increased) turbulent motions in heated (or cooled) fluids at supercritical pressure.
Linear stability of Hill’s vortex to axisymmetric perturbations
Authors: Protas Bartosz , Elcrat Alan 
Published: June 2016

We consider the linear stability of Hill’s vortex with respect to axisymmetric perturbations. Given that Hill’s vortex is a solution of a free-boundary problem, this stability analysis is performed by applying methods of shape differentiation to the contour dynamics formulation of the problem in a three-dimensional axisymmetric geometry. This approach allows us to systematically account for the effect of boundary deformations on the linearized evolution of the vortex under the constraint of constant circulation. The resulting singular integro-differential operator defined on the vortex boundary is discretized with a highly accurate spectral approach. This operator has two unstable and two stable eigenvalues complemented by a continuous spectrum of neutrally stable eigenvalues. By considering a family of suitably regularized (smoothed) eigenvalue problems solved with a range of numerical resolutions, we demonstrate that the corresponding eigenfunctions are in fact singular objects in the form of infinitely sharp peaks localized at the front and rear stagnation points. These findings thus refine the results of the classical analysis by Moffatt & Moore (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 87, 1978, pp. 749–760).
Free instability of channel bifurcations and morphodynamic influence
Authors: Redolfi M. , Zolezzi G. , Tubino M. 
Published: June 2016

Channel bifurcations are a fundamental element of a broad variety of flowing freshwater environments worldwide, such as braiding and anabranching rivers, river deltas and alluvial fans. River bifurcations often develop asymmetrical configurations with uneven discharge partition and a bed elevation gap between the downstream anabranches. This has been reproduced by one-dimensional (1-D) analytical theories which, however, rely on the empirical calibration of one or more parameters and cannot provide a clear and detailed physical explanation of the observed dynamics. We propose a novel two-dimensional (2-D) solution for the flow and bed topography in channel bifurcations based on an innovative application to a multi-thread channel configuration of the 2-D steady linear solution developed decades ago to study river bars and meandering in single thread river settings. The resonant value of the upstream channel aspect ratio, corresponding to the theoretical resonance condition of regular river meanders (Blondeaux & Seminara,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 157, 1985, pp. 449–470) is the key parameter discriminating between symmetrical and asymmetrical bifurcations, in quantitative agreement with experimental observations and numerical simulations, and qualitatively matching field observations. Only when the aspect ratio of the upstream channel of the bifurcation exceeds resonance, is the bifurcation node able to trigger the upstream development of a steady alternate bar pattern, thus creating an unbalanced configuration. Ultimately, the work provides an analytical explanation of the intrinsic legacy between bifurcation asymmetry and the phenomenon of 2-D upstream morphodynamic influence discovered by Zolezzi & Seminara (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 438, 2001, pp. 183–211).