bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Functional Organization of Corticomotor Neurons Within the Motor Cortex Differs Among Basketball and Volleyball Athletes With Patellar Tendinopathy Compared to Asymptomatic Controls
Authors: Vallance Patrick , Kidgell Dawson J. , Vicenzino Bill , Frazer Ashlyn K. , Garofolini Alessandro , Malliaras Peter 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPatellar tendinopathy (PT) typically affects jumping‐sport athletes with functional impairments frequently observed. Alterations to the functional organization of corticomotor neurons within the motor cortex that project to working muscles are evident in some musculoskeletal conditions and linked to functional impairments. We aimed to determine if functional organization of corticomotor neuron projections differs between athletes with PT and asymptomatic controls, and if organization is associated with neuromuscular control. We used a cross‐sectional design, and the setting was Monash Biomedical Imaging. Basketball and volleyball athletes with (n = 8) and without PT (n = 8) completed knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion force matching tasks while undergoing fMRI. We determined functional organization via identification of the location of peak corticomotor neuron activation during respective tasks (expressed in X, Y, and Z coordinates) and calculated force matching accuracy for both tasks to quantify neuromuscular control. We observed significant interactions between group and coordinate plane for functional organization of corticomotor projections to knee extensors (p < 0.001) and ankle dorsiflexors (p = 0.016). Compared to controls, PT group peak corticomotor activation during the knee extension task was 9.6 mm medial (p < 0.001) and 5.2 mm posterior (p = 0.036), and during the ankle dorsiflexion task 8.2 mm inferior (p = 0.024). In the PT group, more posterior Y coordinate peak activation location during the knee extension task was associated with greater task accuracy (r = 0.749, p = 0.034). Functional organization of corticomotor neurons differed in jumping athletes with PT compared to controls. Links between functional organization and neuromuscular control in the PT group suggest organizational differences may be relevant to knee extension neuromuscular control preservation.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq in diabetic foot ulcer wound healing
Authors: Dong Yan , Wang Mengting , Wang Qianqian , Cao Xiaoliang , Chen Peng , Gong Zhenhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. It is mainly caused by hyperglycaemia, diabetic peripheral vasculopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. These conditions result in ulceration of foot tissues and chronic wounds. If left untreated, DFU can lead to amputation or even endanger the patient's life. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a technique used to identify and characterise transcriptional subpopulations at the single‐cell level. It provides insight into cellular function and the molecular drivers of disease. The objective of this paper is to examine the subpopulations, genes and molecules of cells associated with chronic wounds of diabetic foot by using scRNA‐seq. The paper aims to explore the wound‐healing mechanism of DFU from three aspects: inflammation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of DFU wound healing and identify possible DFU therapeutic targets, providing new insights for the application of DFU personalised therapy.
Assessing the role of wound debridement in pyoderma gangrenosum—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bar Danielle , Beberashvili Ilia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe role of wound debridement in pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is controversial, largely due to concerns regarding pathergy. This study sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes and utility of wound debridement in PG management. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 104 patients diagnosed with PG at a single tertiary referral centre, stratified into two treatment groups: those receiving debridement in conjunction with immunosuppressive therapy (n = 38) and those treated with immunosuppression alone (control group, n = 66). The primary outcomes measured were remission (absence of active PG lesions without necessitating additional treatment), time to remission and disease progression (new lesions or expansion of existing ones). Remission was achieved by 60.53% (n = 23) in the debridement group versus 87.88% (n = 58) in the control group (p = 0.003). The mean time to remission was 12.3 months for the debridement group versus 8.67 months for the control group (p = 0.2). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that debridement significantly decreased the likelihood of disease remission (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.78, p = 0.005). Disease progression was significantly higher in the debridement group (68.42%, n = 26) compared to the control group (15.15%, n = 10) (p < 0.001). Additionally, 28.95% (n = 11) of patients in the debridement group required repeated procedures, and 10.53% (n = 4) underwent amputations due to deteriorating conditions. The timing and duration of immunosuppressive therapy relative to the procedure did not mitigate the risk of post‐surgical exacerbations. These findings suggest that debridement is associated with poorer healing outcomes in PG, advocating for its contraindication in the management of this condition.
Steenbrink‐type vanishing for surfaces in positive characteristic
Authors: Kawakami Tatsuro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet be a pair of a normal surface over a perfect field of characteristic and an effective ‐divisor on . We prove that Steenbrink‐type vanishing holds for if it is log canonical and , or it is ‐pure. We also show that rational surface singularities satisfying the vanishing are ‐injective.
Dual role for pannexin 1 at synapses: regulating functional and morphological plasticity
Authors: Casillas Martinez Adriana , Wicki‐Stordeur Leigh E. , Ariano Annika V. , Swayne Leigh Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPannexin 1 (PANX1) is an ion and metabolite membrane channel and scaffold protein enriched in synaptic compartments of neurons in the central nervous system. In addition to a well‐established link between PANX1 and synaptic plasticity, we recently identified a role for PANX1 in the regulation of dendritic spine stability. Notably, PANX1 and its interacting proteins are linked to neurological conditions involving dendritic spine loss. Understanding the dual role of PANX1 in synaptic function and morphology may help to shed light on these links. We explore potential mechanisms, including PANX1's interactions with postsynaptic receptors and cytoskeleton regulating proteins. Finally, we contextualize PANX1's dual role within neurological diseases involving dendritic spine and synapse dysfunction.
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Sex-Based Differences and Asymmetry in Hip Kinematics During Unilateral Extension From Deep Hip Flexion
Authors: Johnson Camille C. , Ruh Ethan , Frankston Naomi , Charles Shaquille , McClincy Michael , Anderst William 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify side-to-side and sex-based differences in hip kinematics during a unilateral step-up from deep flexion. Twelve (eight men, four women) asymptomatic young adults performed a step ascent motion while synchronized biplane radiographs of the hip were collected at 50 images per second. Femur and pelvis position were determined using a validated volumetric model-based tracking technique that matched digitally reconstructed radiographs created from subject-specific computed tomography (CT) bone models to each pair of synchronized radiographs. Hip kinematics and side-to-side differences were calculated and a linear mixed effects model evaluated sex-based differences. Women were on average 10.2 deg more abducted and 0.2 mm more medially translated than men across the step up motion (p &lt; 0.001). Asymmetry between hips was up to 14.1 ± 12.1 deg in internal rotation and 1.3 ± 1.4 mm in translation. This dataset demonstrates the inherent asymmetry during movements involving unilateral hip extension from deep flexion and may be used provide context for observed kinematics differences following surgery or rehabilitation. Previously reported kinematic differences between total hip arthroplasty and contralateral hips may be well within the natural side-to-side differences that exist in asymptomatic native hips.
Effect of Structure and Wearing Modes on the Protective Performance of Industrial Safety Helmet
Authors: Li Tian-Cheng , Zhao Hua , Zhang Bin , Du Cheng-Fei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of helmet structure designs and wearing modes on the protective performance of safety helmets under the impact of falling objects. Four helmet types (no helmet, V-shaped, dome-shaped, and motorcycle helmets) and five wearing modes (left and right tilt by 5 deg, backward tilt by 15 deg, 0 deg without chin strap, 0 deg with chin strap) were included in this study. The axial impact of a concrete block under various impact velocities was simulated. The results indicate that the energy absorption and shock mitigation effects of the foam cushion are superior to those of the suspension system in traditional industrial safety helmets. The structure of the top of V-shaped helmets is designed to withstand greater impact. Regarding the wearing mode, the helmet strap's deflection angle increases stress in the brain tissue and skull, heightens intracranial pressure, and causes pressure diffusion toward the forehead.
Prediction of the Flame Characteristics of an Industrial Gas Turbine Operated With CO2-Diluted Air Through a High-Fidelity Numerical Analysis: A Comparison Between Flamelet Generated Manifolds and Artificially Thickened Flame
Authors: Lemmi G. , Castellani S. , Galeotti S. , Picchi A. , Becchi R. , Andreini A. , Meloni R. , Babazzi G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In light of the global commitment to decarbonize industrial processes, carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from gas turbine (GT) power generation processes. Achieving an efficient GT–CCS coupling requires the employment of high percentages of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to maximize the CO2 content at the CCS inlet. Nevertheless, such operating conditions pose critical challenges for conventional combustion systems due to reduced oxygen levels associated with higher EGR, limiting engine operability. To address this challenge, the development of innovative technical solutions is essential to extend the combustor operational capabilities at high EGR rates. For this goal, a significant number of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are required to identify the flame stability limits across various EGR levels and burner designs. It is imperative, in this context, to minimize computational costs while maintaining high accuracy. In this work, a comprehensive comparative study of an extended version of the flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) and the artificially thickened flame (ATF) model is performed through a large eddy simulation (LES)-based CFD analysis. The investigation is performed within the context of an industrial lean-premixed burner manufactured by Baker Hughes, operating with natural gas and CO2-diluted air at atmospheric pressure. While the extended-FGM has been previously presented by the authors in a study on the same test rig under standard air conditions, the current work aims to extend its application to critical oxygen-depleted conditions, where near-blowout phenomena such as flame liftoff and length elongation may become significantly pronounced. Numerical validation is carried out through a direct comparison of the computed averaged heat release, representing the flame topology, with detailed OH* chemiluminescence images from a test campaign conducted by the technology for high temperature (THT) Lab of the University of Florence. The experimental data will serve as the primary benchmark for assessing the models’ effectiveness in capturing the main dynamics of such critical operating conditions. Furthermore, potential disparities in both thermal and flow fields at the burner exit region between the two models will be discussed.
Physical Activity Predicts Better Lung Function in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Balbinot Fernanda , Gerbase Margaret W. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate (1) whether physical activity is associated with lung function in children and adolescents, (2) whether this association is modified by the subjects’ weight status, and (3) whether this association is mediated by the body mass index. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 460 participants aged 7–17 years, randomly selected from 13 public schools in southern Brazil. Collected data included anthropometric measures, physical activity, screen time, and spirometric measures expressed as percent predicted values. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and 2-way analysis of variance. Results: There were positive associations between physical activity and forced vital capacity (β = 3.897, P = .001) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (β = 2.931, P = .021). The effect modification by weight status was not statistically significant (forced vital capacity: Pinteraction = .296 and forced expiratory volume in the first second: Pinteraction = .057). Body mass index did not mediate the association between physical activity and spirometric outcomes (P > .05). Conclusion: Regular physical activity was associated with higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second in children and adolescents. The observed associations were not modified by weight status nor mediated by body mass index. Our results reinforce the importance of regular physical activity for the development of lung function during childhood and adolescence.
Gender Critical Feminism and Trans Tolerance in Sports
Authors: Jones C.J. 
Published: September 2024

Through a systematic review of gender critical feminist rhetoric in the realm of sports, this article excavates a rhetorical strategy of what the author calls “trans tolerance,” a strategy that is at once trans-affirming and trans-exclusionary. The author argues that three themes run across three gender critical feminist organizations: (a) nonpartisanship, (b) biofeminism, and (c) trans tolerance. In a sports world that desperately needs transformation, scholars and activists alike must sharpen analyses of violent transphobic rhetoric in a way that moves beyond a “pro-trans versus anti-trans framework.”
Identification of the organic peroxide scavenging system of
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
and its regulation by OxyR
Authors: Fan Junfeng , Mo Xiaofen , Zhang Hui , Xu Linna , Yin Jianhua , Wan Fen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inevitable for all aerobic microorganisms as ROS are the byproducts of aerobic respiration. For gut pathogens, ROS are an integrated part of colonization resistance which protects the host against bacteria invasion. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpR) and organic hydroperoxide resistance (Ohr) proteins are considered as the main enzymes responsible for the degradation of organic peroxides (OPs) in most bacteria. To elucidate how enteric pathogen
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
YPIII deals with oxidative stress induced by OPs, we performed transcriptomic analysis and identified the OP scavenging system, which is composed of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), thiol peroxidase (Tpx), and AhpR. Gpx serves as the main scavenger of OPs, and Tpx assists in the degradation of OPs. Transcriptional factor OxyR regulates Gpx expression, suggesting that OxyR is the regulator mediating the cellular response to OPs. Although AhpR has little influence on OP degradation, its deletion would greatly impair the scavenging ability of OPs in the absence of
gpx
or
tpx
. In addition, we found that catalase KatG and KatE are responsive to OPs but do not participate in the removal of OPs.

IMPORTANCE

In bacteria, oxidative stress caused by ROS is a continuously occurring cellular response and requires multiple genes to participate in this process. The elimination of OPs is mainly dependent on AhpR and Ohr protein. Here, we carried out transcriptomic analysis to search for enzymes responsible for the removal of organic peroxides in
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
. We found that Gpx was the primary OP scavenger in bacteria, which was positively regulated by the oxidative stress regulator OxyR. The OP scavenging system in
Y. pseudotuberculosis
was composedof Gpx, Tpx, and AhpR. OxyR is the critical global regulator mediating gene expression involved in OPs and H
2
O
2
stress. These findings suggest that
Y. pseudotuberculosis
has a unique defense system in response to oxidative stress.
Predictive performance of urinalysis for urine culture results according to causative microorganisms: an integrated analysis with artificial intelligence
Authors: Choi Min Hyuk , Kim Dokyun , Bae Hye Gyung , Kim Ae-Ran , Lee Mikyeong , Lee Kyungwon , Lee Kyoung-Ryul , Jeong Seok Hoon 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are pervasive and prevalent in both community and hospital settings. Recent trends in the changes of the causative microorganisms in these infections could affect the effectiveness of urinalysis (UA). We aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of UA for urinary culture test results according to the causative microorganisms. In addition, UA results were integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) methods to improve the predictive power. A total of 360,376 suspected UTI patients were enrolled from two university hospitals and one commercial laboratory. To ensure broad model applicability, only a limited range of clinical data available from commercial laboratories was used in the analyses. Overall, 53,408 (14.8%) patients were identified as having a positive urine culture. Among the UA tests, the combination of leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests showed the highest area under the curve (AUROC, 0.766; 95% CI, 0.764–0.768) for predicting urine culture positivity but performed poorly for Gram-positive bacteriuria (0.642; 0.637–0.647). The application of an AI model improved the predictive power of the model for urine culture results to an AUROC of 0.872 (0.870–0.875), and the model showed superior performance metrics not only for Gram-negative bacteriuria (0.901; 0.899–0.902) but also for Gram-positive bacteriuria (0.745; 0.740–0.749) and funguria (0.872; 0.865–0.879). As the prevalence of non-
Escherichia coli
-caused UTIs increases, the performance of UA in predicting UTIs could be compromised. The addition of AI technologies has shown potential for improving the predictive performance of UA for urine culture results.

IMPORTANCE

UA had good performance in predicting urine culture results caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially for
Escherichia coli
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteriuria, but had limitations in predicting urine culture results caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including
Streptococcus agalactiae
and
Enterococcus faecalis
. We developed and externally validated an AI model incorporating minimal demographic information of patients (age and sex) and laboratory data for UA, complete blood count, and serum creatinine concentrations. The AI model exhibited improved performance in predicting urine culture results across all the causative microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.
Augmented pathogen detection in brain abscess using metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Xuyang , Guo Xiaoxiao , Liu Hong , Wang Bei , Wu Jing , Chen Shengsen , Zhang Wenhong , Zhang Xinyun , Wang Xinyu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Brain abscess is a severe infection characterized by the accumulation of pus within the brain parenchyma. Accurate identification of the causative pathogens is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. This 10-year retrospective, single-center study aimed to compare the detection performance of conventional culture methods and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in brain abscess. We reviewed 612 patients diagnosed with brain abscess and identified 174 cases with confirmed etiology. The median age was 52 years, with 69.5% males. Culture tests predominately identified gram-positive bacteria, particularly
Streptococcus
spp. Gram-negative bacteria, including
Klebsiella
spp., were also detected. However, mNGS revealed a more diverse pathogen spectrum, focusing on anaerobes (e.g.,
Fusobacterium
spp.,
Parvimonas
spp.,
Porphyromonas
spp.
, Prevotella
spp., and
Tannerella
spp.). mNGS exhibited significantly higher overall pathogen-positive rates in pus samples (85.0% vs 50.0%,
P
= 0.0181) and CSF samples (84.2% vs 7.9%,
P
< 0.0001) compared to culture. Furthermore, the detection rates for anaerobes displayed a notable disparity, with mNGS yielding significantly higher positive detections in both pus samples (50.0% vs 10%,
P
= 0.0058) and CSF samples (18.4% vs 0%,
P
= 0.0115) when compared to culture methods. The assistance of mNGS in pathogen detection, particularly anaerobes in brain abscess, was evident in our findings. mNGS demonstrated the ability to identify rare and fastidious pathogens, even in culture-negative cases. These results emphasize the clinical value of mNGS as a supplement for brain abscess, enabling more comprehensive and accurate pathogen identification.

IMPORTANCE
The accurate identification of pathogens causing brain abscess is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. In this 10-year retrospective study, the detection performance of conventional culture methods and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was compared. The study analyzed 612 patients with brain abscess and confirmed etiology in 174 cases. The results showed that culture tests predominantly identified gram-positive bacteria, while mNGS unveiled a broader diverse pathogen spectrum, particularly anaerobes. The mNGS method exhibited significantly higher overall rates of pathogen positivity both in pus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, surpassing the culture methods. Notably, mNGS detected a significantly higher number of anaerobes in both pus and CSF samples compared to culture methods. These findings underscore the clinical value of mNGS as a supplement for brain abscess diagnosis, enabling more comprehensive and accurate pathogen identification, particularly for rare and fastidious pathogens that evade detection by conventional culture methods.
Cryophilic polychaetes at the subtropical Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean: Evidence for cold-water ocean circulation and upwelling
Authors: Smelror Morten , Grenne Tor , Bøe Reidulv , Gasser Deta , Solbakk Terje 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Through the Phanerozoic eon, the trace fossil Macaronichnus—made by sediment-burrowing polychaetes—appears to be restricted to intermediate- and high-latitude shallow-marine habitats with cold to temperate waters or coastal areas closer to the equator with cold-water upwelling. We present records of such trace fossils in Ordovician (Darriwilian–Sandbian?) shallow- and deep-water marine deposits in the Central Norwegian Caledonides, pointing toward previously undocumented deep-ocean circulation and upwelling of cold water along the subtropical eastern Laurentian margin and adjacent volcanic arcs and microcontinents in the early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Possible implications for Middle Ordovician ocean circulation patterns are discussed in relation to paleogeographic reconstructions and paleoclimatic models.