bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The remarkable activity of template‐containing Mg/MCM‐41 and Ni/MCM‐41 in CO2 sequestration
Authors: Pirouzmand Mahtab , Asadi Mehdi , Mohammadi Arina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMagnesium and nickel incorporated MCM‐41 were prepared by two approaches: direct synthesis (DS) and wet impregnation (WI). The ionic template was removed by calcination. In some experiments, the ionic template was removed by calcination process and in the others it was preserved to investigate the template effect. For comparison, MgO and NiO nanoparticles were also synthesized. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, EDX‐SEM, and FT‐IR. The catalysts obtained were evaluated for hydration of CO2 and its precipitation as CaCO3 at room temperature. The results showed that template‐containing Mg/MCM‐41 and Ni/MCM‐41 prepared by the DS approach have high CO2 hydration activity. This high activity is due to the presence of strong basic sites. Nano MgO and NiO also exhibited a high yield of CaCO3. It was also found that template‐containing MCM‐41 can be recovered easily from the reaction mixture and reused without deactivation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiR‐320 promotes B cell proliferation and the production of aberrant glycosylated IgA1 in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Li Chunmei , Shi Jie , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis. However, the etiology of this disease is complex and the pathogenesis of IgAN is still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in a lot of pathological and physiological processes. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR‐320 was significantly upregulated in renal tissues and urinary of IgAN patients. Moreover, the intra‐renal expression level of miR‐320 had significant correlation with miR‐320 expression in the urinary of IgAN patients. Overexpression of miR‐320 increased B cell proliferation and promoted cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, we identified that PTEN was direct target gene of miR‐320 in the B cell. Ectopic expression of miR‐320 suppressed PTEN expression. Overexpression of miR‐320 decreased Cosmc expression in the B cell. In addition, we demonstrated that Cosmc expression was significantly downregulated in the renal tissues and urinary of IgAN patients. The intra‐renal expression level of Cosmc had significant correlation with Cosmc expression of urinary in IgAN patients. We proved that the expression level of Cosmc was negatively correlated with the expression of miR‐320 in the renal tissues of IgAN patients. Overexpression of miR‐320 promoted the B cell proliferation through suppressing PTEN expression. Taken together, these data suggested that miR‐320 acted an important role in the development of IgAN.
PPARγ activation mitigates glucocorticoid receptor‐induced excessive lipolysis in adipocytes via homeostatic crosstalk
Authors: Hasan Arif U. , Ohmori Koji , Hashimoto Takeshi , Kamitori Kazuyo , Yamaguchi Fuminori , Rahman Asadur , Tokuda Masaaki , Kobori Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProper balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipocytes determines the release of free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which is crucial for whole body lipid homeostasis. Although, dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to various metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, the regulatory mechanism remains elusive. This study clarified the individual and combined roles for glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathways in lipid metabolism of adipocytes. In mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, GCR activation using dexamethasone upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and downregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), resulting in enhanced glycerol release into the medium. In contrast, PPARγ ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release. Dexamethasone showed permissive like effect on PPARγ target genes including perilipin A and aP2, therefore co‐administration of dexamethasone and pioglitazone demonstrated synergistic upregulation of these enzymes excepting PEPCK, of which downregulation by dexamethasone was abolished by pioglitazone to the level above control. Thus, the excessive glycerol release was prevented as the net outcome of the co‐administration. Consistently, the bodipy stain demonstrated that dexamethasone reduced the amount of cytosolic lipid, which was preserved in co‐treated adipocytes. Moreover, silencing of PPARγ suppressed the synergistic effects of co‐treatment on the lipolytic and lipogenic genes, and therefore the GCR pathway indeed involves PPARγ. In conclusion, crosstalk between GCR and PPARγ is largely synergistic but counter‐regulatory in lipogenic genes, of which enhancement prevents excessive glycerol and possibly FFA release by glucocorticoids into the circulation.
Hypertonic saline inhalations in bronchiolitis—A cumulative meta‐analysis
Authors: Heikkilä Paula , Renko Marjo , Korppi Matti 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe undertook a cumulative meta‐analysis for the efficacy of hypertonic saline (HS) compared to normal saline (NS) inhalations or no inhalations as controls in bronchiolitis. We performed literature searches from PubMed, Scopus, and by hand search until 20 June 2017. We accepted published randomized controlled trials of HS inhalations in children with bronchiolitis aged <24 months. We evaluated the differences between treatment group with HS and control group without HS inhalations for the length‐of‐stay in hospital (LOS) by cumulative mean difference (MD) and in hospitalization rate by cumulative risk ratio (RR). We identified 18 studies including 2102 children treated in hospital, and the cumulative MD in LOS was −0.471 days (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.765 to −0.177, Higgins heterogeneity test [I2] 72.9%). The cumulative MD reduced in more recently published papers. In studies with the upper age limit of 12 months, the cumulative MD was −0.408 days (95%CI −0.733 to −0.083) without any important heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). If only studies with a very low risk of bias were included, the cumulative MD was 0.034 (95%CI −0.361 to 0.293) without any important heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). We identified eight studies including 1834 children in the outpatient setting, and the cumulative risk ratio for hospitalization was 0.771 (95%CI 0.619‐0.959, I2 55.8%). In conclusion, HS inhalations offered only limited clinical benefits, though the differences between HS and control groups were statistically significant. The heterogeneity between the studies was substantial. Further studies are warranted with consistent definitions of bronchiolitis and comparable research frames.
The dynamics of transnational family relations and remittance flow in Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Girmachew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the dynamics of family relations among Ethiopian transnational families with particular emphasis on how the use of communication media shapes remittance flows and helps maintain family ties. The study is grounded on a survey conducted on 544 households in Gondar, a northern Ethiopian city, which has been an important source of emigrants since the late 1970s, when the country's first wave of emigration occurred as a result of war and political repression. The respondents of the survey are transnational families who maintained strong ties through the use of diverse communication methods such as telephone, email, SMS messaging, and face‐to‐face visits. The transnational social field is a space increasingly used to advance emotional well‐being and to transfer skills and knowledge at family level. The characteristics of transnational families and their ability to access new communication media determines the types of media used which in turn influences the frequency and intensity of family contact. This also explains why Ethiopian emigrants often adopt multiple media links. Migration and remittances were found to significantly improve access to new technologies by migrant households. As the results of this study show, families and communities left behind are not passive recipients of remittances but as proactive agents who co‐construct and reconstruct transnational networks. Their role in influencing the monetary and nonmonetary diaspora resource flows is also significant. This paper seeks to make a contribution to the transnational migration literature by examining how origin communities shape and influence the dynamics of these transnational social spaces.
Ecological Balance of Oral Microbiota Is Required to Maintain Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Su Yingying , Chen Chider , Guo Lijia , Du Juan , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Yi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Oral microbiome is essential for maintenance of oral cavity health. Imbalanced oral microbiome causes periodontal and other diseases. It is unknown whether oral microbiome affect oral stem cells function. This study used a common clinical antibiotic treatment approach to alter oral microbiome ecology and examine whether oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are affected. We found that altered oral microbiome resulted gingival MSCs deficiency, leading to a delayed wound healing in male mice. Mechanistically, oral microbiome release lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that stimulates the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and then impair the normal function of gingival MSCs and wound healing process through miR-21/Sp1/telomerase reverse transcriptase pathway. This is the first study indicate that interplay between oral microbiome and MSCs homeostasis in male mice.
Analysis of Hopf bifurcations in differential equations with state‐dependent delays via multiple scales method
Authors: Pei Lijun , Wang Shuo , Wiercigroch Marian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a multiple scales method (MMS) is employed to analyze Hopf bifurcations in differential equations with two linearly state‐dependent time delays. Firstly, the linear stability of the linearized equation near the only equilibrium (the trivial equilibrium) is performed analytically. Then, the case for which the coefficients of the delayed terms are small, the method of multiple scales (MMS) bypassing the need to use center manifold reduction allows the normal form to be easily obtained. Furthermore, the stability and bifurcation analysis are undertaken for the normal form to determine the types of the Hopf bifurcation. The proposed method can not only determine the direction of Hopf bifurcation but also its type. The numerical simulation results agree well with the analytical predictions. This suggests that the MMS employed in this paper provides a simple, accurate and effective means of analyzing Hopf bifurcations in the state‐dependent delayed differential equations.
The Non-Pauper Insane: Private, Voluntary and State Concerns
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the developments leading up to the admission of paying patients to private, voluntary and district asylums. Focusing primarily on the reports of Ireland’s lunacy inspectors, the national press and the emerging psychiatric community, it is concerned with the debates aired at national level on how best to accommodate different social groups. It examines proposals for the establishment of separate accommodation for paying patients, negative press coverage of private asylums and the abuses identified by the lunacy inspectors, the growing social importance of Ireland’s four voluntary asylums and the implications of the eventual reception of paying patients in the district asylum system. Ultimately, this chapter argues that in the absence of a single effective solution, the result was a patchwork of public, voluntary and private accommodation, each the outcome of a set of shared convictions as to how, why and by whom the non-pauper insane should be treated.
Respect and Respectability: The Treatment and Expectations of Fee-Paying Patients
Authors: Mauger Alice 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the experiences and impressions of paying patients in nine selected asylums, exploring their care and treatment primarily in the 1890s. It suggests that social status and class identity heavily influenced patients’ expectations of care. In district asylums, paying patients were particularly anxious to affirm their social standing in order to distance themselves from the pauper patients with whom they were forced to share lodgings. This, coupled with the social and political upheaval in Ireland, led to the kind of class, religious and political divisions between patients that were largely absent in the voluntary and private asylums, where the payment of higher maintenance fees translated into more ‘class-appropriate’ accommodation and treatment. Asylum doctors’ expectations of paying patients were equally informed by class and status. While wealthier patients expected to be treated with ‘respect’, their carers anticipated certain standards of ‘respectable’ behaviour in return and asylum doctors frequently commented on patients’ violent behaviour, manners, dress and appearance. These considerations were influenced by not only the doctrines of moral therapy but also the physician’s own understanding of class identity and social status. Yet, staff’s attempts to maintain a sense of social decorum in even the most expensive asylums were often frustrated by patients’ violence and ‘inappropriate’ behaviour.
Transvaginal Hybrid NOTES Cholecystectomy: A Single‐Centre Long‐Term Experience on Sexual Function
Authors: Pohlen U. , Feller A. , Holmer C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionTransvaginal hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy is an alternative approach to the traditional laparoscopic technique. Despite increasing data regarding clinical outcomes following transvaginal hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy, there is still a lack of long‐term results, particularly with regard to sexual function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term outcome of a series of transvaginal hybrid cholecystectomy.
Patients and methodsFemale patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis who underwent transvaginal hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy were retrospectively analysed regarding clinical and surgical outcome parameters. Furthermore, all patients received a 17‐question survey postoperative with questions about sexual intercourse, the domains satisfaction and pain of the German Female Sexual Function Index.ResultsOverall, 47 of 80 patients were included in the study with a completed survey responses (return rate 58.6%), with a mean age of 48 years, mean body mass index of 29 and mean operative time of 47 min. The median follow‐up was 40 months. There were no intra‐ or postoperative complications and no conversion to a laparoscopic or open approach. No significant differences were found for postoperative sexual function (painful intercourse, inability to achieve orgasm), although sexual intercourse was less frequent postoperatively (p = 0.022). Forty‐four patients (93.7%) were satisfied with the aesthetic and the overall postoperative result, and 40 patients (85.1%) would recommend the applied surgical technique to friends and family.ConclusionThe findings show that transvaginal hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for female patients, particularly with regard to sexual function.
Intravenous Infusion of Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Erectile Dysfunction Following Cavernous Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Matsuda Yohei , Sasaki Masanori , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Takayanagi Akio , Kobayashi Ko , Oka Shinichi , Nakazaki Masahito , Masumori Naoya , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Intravenous preload (delivered before cavernous nerve [CN] injury) of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can prevent or decrease postoperative erectile dysfunction (J Sex Med 2015;12:1713–1721). In the present study, the potential therapeutic effects of intravenously administered MSCs on postoperative erectile dysfunction were evaluated in a rat model of CN injury.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 2 groups after electric CN injury. Intravenous infusion of bone marrow–derived MSCs (1.0 × 106 cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium 1 mL) or vehicle (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium 1 mL) was performed 3 hours after electrocautery-induced CN injury.

Main Outcome Measures
To assess erectile function, we measured intracavernous pressure at 4 weeks after MSC or vehicle infusion. Histologic examinations were performed to investigate neuronal innervation and inhibition of smooth muscle atrophy. Green fluorescent protein–positive bone marrow–derived MSCs were used for cell tracking. To investigate mRNA expression levels of neurotrophins in the major pelvic ganglia (MPGs), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed.

Results
The decrease of intracavernous pressure corrected for arterial pressure and area under the curve of intracavernous pressure in the bone marrow–derived MSC group was significantly lower than that in the vehicle group at 4 weeks after infusion (P &lt; .05). Retrograde neuronal tracing indicated that the MSC group had a larger number of FluoroGold-positive neurons in the MPGs compared with the vehicle group. The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen in the MSC group was significantly higher than in the vehicle group. Green fluorescent protein–positive bone marrow–derived MSCs were detected in the MPGs and injured CNs using confocal microscopy, indicating homing of cells to the MPGs and injured CNs. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor expression levels in the MPGs were significantly higher in the MSC group than in the vehicle group (P &lt; .01).

Conclusion
Intravenous infusion of bone marrow–derived MSCs after CN injury might have therapeutic efficacy in experimental erectile dysfunction.
Avaliação biomecânica de diferentes métodos de fixação tibial na reconstrução do ligamento anterolateral em ossos suínos
Authors: Costa Rogério Nascimento , Nadal Rubens Rosso , Saggin Paulo Renato Fernandes , Lopes Junior Osmar Valadão , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas , Israel Charles Leonardo 
Published: December 2017

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a força de resistência à tração de diferentes métodos de fixação tibial na reconstrução do ligamento anterolateral (LAL). Além disso, comparar os mecanismos de falha da fixação tibial dessa reconstrução em joelhos suínos.
Métodos Foram usados 40 membros recém-congelados de suínos, divididos em quatro grupos de dez espécimes, conforme as técnicas de fixação tibial usadas. No grupo A, a fixação tibial do enxerto tendíneo foi feita por meio de uma âncora e seu fio transpassou o enxerto. No grupo B, a fixação tibial foi feita por meio de parafuso de interferência metálico em túnel ósseo único. No grupo C, a fixação tibial incluiu uma âncora associada à sutura de ponto sobre o tendão (sem a presença de fio que transpassasse o tendão) e, no grupo D, foram usados dois túneis ósseos confluentes associados a um parafuso de interferência em um dos túneis.
Resultados A força média menos elevada (70,56 N) ocorreu no grupo A e a mais elevada (244,85 N), no grupo B; as médias dos outros dois grupos variaram entre 171,68N (grupo C) e 149,43 N (Grupo D). Considerando-se a margem de erro fixada (5%), foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos (p < 0,001).
Conclusão A fixação com parafuso de interferência em túnel ósseo único apresentou a maior força de resistência à tração dentre as técnicas avaliadas.
LIBERAL EDUCATION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF VALUATIONAL PROGRESS
Authors: Callard Agnes 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:This essay discusses two ways in which an agent can make progress with respect to value: self-cultivation and aspiration. The self-cultivator becomes a more coherent version of the person she was before, acquiring beliefs or desires or habits or skills that serve her antecedent valuational condition. The aspirant, by contrast, acquires new values. The existence of aspiration is under pressure from those who would assimilate it either to self-cultivation, or to a change in value that is done to a person rather than a change that is her own work. I show that those two options cannot be exhaustive by discussing liberal arts education; it is, I argue, paradigmatically aspirational.
TRUST, TRADE, AND MORAL PROGRESS: HOW MARKET EXCHANGE PROMOTES TRUSTWORTHINESS
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:Trust is important for a variety of social relationships. Trust facilitates trade, which increases prosperity and induces us to interact with people of different backgrounds on terms that benefit all parties. Trade promotes trustworthiness, which enables us to form meaningful as well as mutually beneficial relationships. In what follows, I argue that when we erect institutions that enhance trust and reward people who are worthy of trust, we create the conditions for a certain kind of moral progress.
Production of monolayer-rich gold-decorated 2H–WS2 nanosheets by defect engineering
Authors: Dunklin Jeremy R. , Lafargue Paul , Higgins Thomas M. , Forcherio Gregory T. , Benamara Mourad , McEvoy Niall , Roper D. Keith , Coleman Jonathan N. , Vaynzof Yana , Backes Claudia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChemical functionalization of low-dimensional nanostructures has evolved as powerful tool to tailor the materials’ properties on demand. For two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, functionalization strategies are mostly limited to the metallic 1T-polytype with only few examples showing a successful derivatization of the semiconducting 2H-polytype. Here, we describe that liquid-exfoliated WS2 undergoes a spontaneous redox reaction with AuCl3. We propose that thiol groups at edges and defects sites reduce the AuCl3 to Au0 and are in turn oxidized to disulfides. As a result of the reaction, Au nanoparticles nucleate predominantly at edges with tuneable nanoparticle size and density. The drastic changes in nanosheet mass obtained after high loading with Au nanoparticles can be exploited to enrich the dispersions in laterally large, monolayered nanosheets by simple centrifugation. The optical properties (for example photoluminescence) of the monolayers remain pristine, while the electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction is significantly improved.
A three-dimensional graphene framework-enabled high-performance stretchable asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Li Ke , Huang Yanshan , Liu Jingjing , Sarfraz Mansoor , Agboola Phillips O. , Shakir Imran , Xu Yuxi 
Published: December 2017

Three-dimensional graphene frameworks enable the development of stretchable asymmetric supercapacitors with a record high energy density of 77.8 W h kg−1, and also excellent stretchability and superior cycling stability.
Advertising addictions
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines the policy role of advertising, marketing, and the media in corporate strategy. This area was shown by our network analysis to be central to corporate networks at the EU level. We examine the extent to which the advertising, marketing, and media industries co-operate with addiction-related industries in their lobbying and related political strategies; how addiction-related industries engage in debate and strategic action in relation to questions of advertising, marketing, and media; and how corporations engage with the news media to protect their interests. In the course of this, we examine case studies of the World Federation of Advertisers, MediaSmart, and the Advertising Education Forum amongst other lobby groups.