bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of seasonal drought and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on prokaryotic rhizosphere communities
Authors: Drigo Barbara , Nielsen Uffe N. , Jeffries Thomas C. , Curlevski Nathalie J. A. , Singh Brajesh K. , Duursma Remko A. , Anderson Ian C. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGlobal change models indicate that rainfall patterns are likely to shift towards more extreme events concurrent with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). Both changes in [CO2] and rainfall regime are known to impact above‐ and belowground communities, but the interactive effects of these global change drivers have not been well explored, particularly belowground. In this experimental study, we examined the effects of elevated [CO2] (ambient + 240 ppm; [eCO2]) and changes in rainfall patterns (seasonal drought) on soil microbial communities associated with forest ecosystems. Our results show that bacterial and archaeal communities are highly resistant to seasonal drought under ambient [CO2]. However, substantial taxa specific responses to seasonal drought were observed at [eCO2], suggesting that [eCO2] compromise the resistance of microbial communities to extreme events. Within the microbial community we were able to identify three types of taxa specific responses to drought: tolerance, resilience and sensitivity that contributed to this pattern. All taxa were tolerant to seasonal drought at [aCO2], whereas resilience and sensitivity to seasonal drought were much greater in [eCO2]. These results provide strong evidence that [eCO2] moderates soil microbial community responses to drought in forests, with potential implications for their long‐term persistence and ecosystem functioning.
Discovery of a new intravacuolar protein required for the autophagy, development and virulence of Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Chu Zhen‐Jian , Sun Huan‐Huan , Zhu Xiao‐Guan , Ying Sheng‐Hua , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHigh proportions of hypothetical proteins exist in genomic databases of fungi, including putative secretory proteins (PSPs) likely involved in fungal invasion and virulence. Here we characterize one of many PSPs revealed in the previous transcriptome of Beauveria bassiana (a fungal insect pathogen) infecting a global lepidopteran pest and name it vacuole‐localized protein 4 (VLP4) because this small, domain‐lacking protein (22.96 kDa) was specifically localized in the vacuoles of hyphal cells. Deletion of VLP4 resulted in repression of almost all genes acting in autophagy and central development pathways. Consequently, the deletion mutant formed no autophagosome in hyphal vacuoles and displayed severe defects in aerial conidiation. conidial hydrophobicity to the insect surface, and secretion of cuticle‐degrading Pr1 proteases required for normal cuticle infection. Blastospore formation was inhibited in the submerged mutant culture mimic to insect haemolymph, and formation of hyphal bodies in vivo was delayed. The fungal virulence was attenuated in the absence of VLP4. These phenotypic defects were well restored by targeted gene complementation. Our findings unveil a vital role of VLP4 in B. bassiana and call attention to many more PSPs for new insights into the interactions of fungal insect pathogens with insects.
Why Be Accountable? Exploring Voluntary Accountability of Australian Private Ancillary Funds
Authors: Williamson Alexandra , Luke Belinda , Furneaux Craig 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to consider why Private Ancillary Funds (PAFs), endowed philanthropic foundations with no public reporting requirements, engage in accountability in its various forms. This exploratory, qualitative study reports on perspectives on accountability from 10 semi‐structured interviews with PAF managers and/or trustees from three Australian states. Through the lens of March and Olsen's (2011) logics of action and Karsten's (2015) typology of motivational forms for voluntary accountability, findings show that although logics of appropriateness and consequentiality explain many reasons why PAFs engage in voluntary accountability, some reasons do not fit comfortably within either logic. The findings challenge conceptions embedded in much non‐profit accountability literature that motivations for and purposes of accountability are linked with sustainability and survival. By examining this subset of non‐profit organisations subject to limited regulatory accountability, a clearer understanding of motivations for voluntary accountability is achieved.
Concluding Comments to the Debate
Authors: Lipsey Richard G. , Ng Yew‐Kwang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this final piece to the symposium for a special issue ofPacific Economic Reviewon the theories and applications of second‐best and third‐best theories, Richard Lipsey and Yew‐Kwang Ng provide their final comments to the debate. Several issues of agreement and disagreement are discussed. Most importantly, while both agree on the formal correctness of both the second‐best and third‐best theories, Lipsey believes the main proposition of third‐best theory (following the first‐best rules under Informational Poverty) is applicable only to a situation (status quo) where the first‐best rule (such as taxing a pollution at the marginal damage of $N) is already being followed; Ng regards it as applicable whether or not the first‐best rule is currently being followed. This also partly explains their difference on the practical policy relevance and the importance of that theory.
Financing China's Suburbanization: Capital Accumulation through Suburban Land Development in Hangzhou
Authors: Liu Yong , Yue Wenze , Fan Peilei , Peng Yi , Zhang Zhengtao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChina's rapid urbanization has resulted in substantial suburbanization over recent decades. However, limited research has been conducted into how land‐based capital is mobilized, accumulated and circulated within the circuits of the capital accumulation process, or how land‐based capital is used to finance massive investment in suburbanization by China's local governments, especially since the trend in land commodification during the 2000s. We examined the capital switching experience in the city of Hangzhou and our findings indicate that local governments have attempted to simultaneously strengthen housing development and industrial growth. In contrast to experiences of suburbanization in Western countries, a real estate boom during the early days of suburbanization in Hangzhou was not necessarily the result of diversion of excess capital from over‐accumulated investments in the manufacturing industry. Rather, it was a consequence of capital accumulation facilitated by land‐reserve systems and land‐based financing of infrastructure orchestrated by local government. Local governments and their affiliated land‐reserve centers and local investment platforms have acted as entrepreneurs by using profits from suburban property development to subsidize industrial investments and fund the infrastructure‐supported expansion of outer suburbs. These findings highlight the potential risks of land‐centered accumulation and provide important reflections upon the theory of David Harvey in the context of urban China.
Using Alkylate Components for Classifying Gasoline in Fire Debris Samples
Authors: Peschier Leo J.C. , Grutters Michiel M.P. , Hendrikse Jeanet N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe characteristic that discriminates gasoline from other ignitable liquids is that it contains high‐octane blending components. This study elaborates on the idea that the presence of gasoline in fire debris samples should be based on the detection of known high‐octane blending components. The potential of the high‐octane blending component alkylate as a characteristic feature for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples is explored. We have devised characteristic features for the detection of alkylate and verified the presence of alkylate in a large collection of gasoline samples from petrol stations in the Netherlands. Alkylate was detected in the vast majority of the samples. It is demonstrated that alkylate can be detected in fire debris samples that contain traces of gasoline by means of routine GC‐MS methods. Detection of alkylate, alongside other gasoline blend components, results in a more solid foundation for gasoline detection and identification in fire debris samples.
Workplace bullying and absenteeism: The mediating roles of poor health and work engagement
Authors: Magee Christopher , Gordon Ross , Robinson Laura , Caputi Peter , Oades Lindsay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWorkplace bullying is a major problem that affects the well‐being and productivity of employees. Some previous studies have found that workplace bullying is associated with absenteeism, which is a major contributor to lost workplace productivity. However, a comprehensive understanding of how different workplace bullying experiences are associated with absenteeism is currently lacking. In particular no previous studies have examined potential mediators of these relationships. The present article aimed to provide new insights into the relationship between workplace bullying and absenteeism. In a 12‐month prospective study of 500 Australian employees, we identified 5 distinct subtypes of workplace bullying experiences using a person‐centred approach. These bullying subtypes were found to be associated with absenteeism via health impairment and lower work engagement. The findings can be used to inform HR strategies to prevent and manage workplace bullying.
The cross‐cultural study of LMX and individual employee voice: The moderating role of conflict avoidance
Authors: Park Joo‐Young , Nawakitphaitoon Kritkorn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article examines the role of national culture, measured by conflict avoidance, on the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and individual employee voice. Using data collected from automotive industry employees in the United States and Korea, the findings show that conflict avoidance is negatively related to employee voice and also moderates the relationship between LMX and employee voice in the Korean sample. In particular, the relationship between LMX and voice becomes less positive when conflict avoidance is high. On the other hand, conflict avoidance does not have a direct effect on employee voice as well as an interactive effect with LMX on employee voice in the U.S. sample. This study, therefore, highlights the importance of the national culture in the comparative study of employee voice.
Strengthening Labour Rights Provisions in Bilateral Trade Agreements: Making the Case for Voluntary Sustainability Standards
Authors: Marx Axel , Brando Nicolás , Lein Brecht 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince 2008, most bilateral and regional EU trade agreements contain so‐called Trade and Sustainable Development chapters. Such sustainability chapters typically include commitments to core ILO labour rights and provide specific monitoring mechanisms to ensure compliance. Several observers however, have voiced concern about the enforcement potential of these provisions in practice, beyond legal and institutional reforms. As a means to overcome this compliance gap, this article explores how the inclusion of existing Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) in trade agreements could potentially enhance the monitoring and enforcement of labour provisions in EU trade agreements. Based on experiences captured in a case‐study on the functioning of the 2013 EU‐Colombia Trade Agreement, we argue that linking VSS to labour provisions in trade agreements could significantly contribute to rendering these provisions more effective. Linking labour provisions to the monitoring and auditing mechanisms of accredited but independent VSS, we argue, could help close a regulatory gap, add credibility to the provisions and help overcome capacity challenges in the implementing countries. In turn, the integration of VSS in trade agreements offers public regulators the opportunity to demand a strengthening of the quality of VSS in terms of their design and procedures.
Support for Ethical Consumerism and Welfare States in the Global Economy: Complements or Substitutes?
Authors: Burgoon Brian , Fransen Luc 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper explores attitudes about alternative paths to promoting labor and social standards in the global political economy: public welfare states protecting workers and social standards through policy and regulation, versus private ‘red consumerism’ protecting standards through consumer buying‐power and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Scholarly debate has emerged over whether these public and private realms reinforce or undermine one another, but has lacked empirical traction to systematically judge such relationships. This paper provides such traction by analyzing European public opinion towards welfare redistribution and towards using consumer power to protect labor and social standards. It matches public opinion data on attitudes towards such issues to measures of existing public and private social protection. The analysis of public opinion suggests that red consumerism is more popular in settings with already‐generous public protection, including strong social‐policy programs and labor regulation. But the tendency of trade competition and other economic risks to spur a citizen's support for welfare‐state redistribution is diminished where CSR activity and ethical consumerism have stronger footholds. While ‘red’ ethical consumerism and CSR activities may be facilitated by generous existing social policies, they might well erode citizen support for those policies.
Progression of early repolarization patterns at a four year follow‐up in a female flight crew population: Implications for aviation medicine
Authors: Rohel Gwénolé , Perrier Eric , Delluc Aurélien , Monin Jonathan , Manen Olivier , Paule Philippe , Piquemal Marie , Mansourati Jacques , Vinsonneau Ulric 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence, the appearance, and the distribution, as well as the fluctuation over time of early repolarization patterns after four years in a female population derived from the French aviation sector.MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal study from 1998 to 2010 of a population of female employees who received a full clinical examination and an electrocardiogram (ECG) upon their recruitment and after a period of four years.ResultsA total of 306 women were included (average of 25.87 ± 3.3 years of age). The prevalence of early repolarization was 9.2%. The most common appearance was J‐point slurring for 64.3% (i.e. 20/28 subjects) that occurred in the inferior leads for 28.6% (i.e. 8/28 subjects). After four years, the prevalence was 7.5%, with a regression of this aspect in five of the subjects. There were no changes in the ECG in terms of the distribution and the appearance among the 23 subjects for whom the aspect persisted. Over the course of this four year period all of the subjects remained asymptomatic.ConclusionsEarly repolarization in this largely physically inactive female population was common, and it fluctuated over time. At present, no particular restrictions can be placed on asymptomatic flight crew who exhibit this feature in the absence of a prior medical history for heart disease.
Application of endobronchial ultrasonography in laparoscopic liver segmentectomy in an animal model
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Seiichi , Hamaoka Michinori , Iwako Hiroshi , Hashimoto Masakazu , Mikuriya Yoshihiro , Kuroda Shintaro , Tashiro Hirotaka , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated whether laparoscopic ultrasound‐guided segment staining and real‐time ultrasound‐guided hepatectomy, with endobronchial ultrasonography equipped with a guide sheath, would be useful for laparoscopic liver segmentectomy in a porcine model.Material and Surgical TechniqueThe abdominal cavity (in two pigs) was reached via a 12‐mm umbilical trocar. An artificial tumor was created by radiofrequency ablation within the intended resection area. Portal vein puncture and staining were performed by the endobronchial ultrasonography‐guided method. The targeted portal branch was successfully visualized and punctured with a needle through an equipped guide sheath. After targeted segment staining, the liver parenchyma was resected with a bipolar energy device; the regional Glisson's sheath was ligated and cut, and a surgical specimen was extracted. Real‐time endobronchial ultrasonography from the cut surface provided information vital for preserving the surgical margin. All procedures were performed laparoscopically.DiscussionThis study demonstrated the technical feasibility of laparoscopic ultrasound‐guided portal vein staining and safe surgical resection during laparoscopic liver segmentectomy.
Tehran's Tie: A simple trick to fix the trocar to the abdominal wall and close the entry site of first trocar in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Mohammadhosseini Bijan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionTrocar dislodgment can occur frequently during minimally invasive surgery. Closing the entry port at the fascial layer after the end of a long laparoscopic surgery is time‐consuming. Here, I introduce Tehran's Tie, a simple trick to overcome these problems.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAfter the first trocar site has been created with the open technique and before the first port is inserted, the fascial wound is grasped with a loop of nylon thread, similar to a transverse matrix suture. Then, the trocar is inserted through the loop into the abdominal cavity. One thread is tied around the trocar to fix it. Another thread is used to tie and close the fascial defect at the end of laparoscopic surgery.DiscussionTehran's Tie is a simple trick for managing the first trocar site in laparoscopic surgery. It is a very useful and easy trick for fixing the first trocar to the abdominal wall and for closing the port site at the end of the procedure.
Endo‐laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: What is its role?
Authors: Sharma Anil , Chelawat Priyank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHernia repair techniques vary greatly depending upon the setting, surgeons, insurance reimbursement systems, resources, and logistical capabilities. Open mesh repair is the most frequently used technique.Choosing the best technique for inguinal hernia repair is a challenge. There is no single technique to manage every type of hernia.Today, laparoscopy and robotics are at the forefront of advanced surgical tools and offer a range of options for general surgeons who are critically evaluating new procedures. However, before using a new procedure, such as endo‐laparoscopic hernia repair, surgeons often ask the rhetorical question, “Why change?” The common considerations are the availability of equipment, familiarity with the anatomy when using these techniques, operative time, cost to the patient, and the potential need to convert to an open procedure. Additionally, we are now seeing a significant shift away from surgeon‐defined benefits to patient‐defined benefits. As patients become more aware of their options for hernia procedures and share their experiences, more and more patients are likely to demand a particular technique. Hence, hernia surgeons should be educated on the different techniques available for inguinal hernia repair, including endo‐laparoscopic procedures. In this article, we review the existing literature on the current role of endo‐laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
From intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair to preperitoneal onlay mesh repair
Authors: Yang George Pei Cheung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLaparoscopic repair for ventral and incisional hernias was first reported in the early 1990s. It uses intraperitoneal only mesh placement to achieve a tension‐free repair of the hernia. However, in recent years, there has been greater concern about long‐term complication involving intraperitoneal mesh placement. Many case reports and case series have found evidence of mesh adhesion, mesh fistulation, and mesh migration into hollow organs including the esophagus, small bowel, and large bowel, resulting in various major acute abdominal events. Subsequent management of these complications may require major surgery that is technically demanding and difficult; in such cases, laparotomy and bowel resection have often been performed. Because of these significant, but not common, adverse events, many surgeons favor open sublay repair for ventral and incisional hernias. Investigators are therefore searching for a laparoscopic approach for ventral and incisional hernias that might overcome the mesh‐induced visceral complications seen after intraperitoneal only mesh placement repair. Laparoscopic preperitoneal onlay mesh is one such approach. This article will explore the fundamental of intraperitoneal only mesh placement and its problems, the currently available peritoneal visceral‐compatible meshes, and upcoming developments in laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair. The technical details of preperitoneal onlay mesh, as well as its potential advantages and disadvantages, will also be discussed.
Delicate changes of bioapatite mineral in pig femur with addition of dietary xylooligosaccharide: Evidences from Raman spectroscopy and ICP
Authors: Wang Shujie , Zhang Penghao , Kong Xiangfeng , Xie Shengda , Li Qiao , Li Zhen , Zhou Zhenlei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBone mineral is strongly correlated with performance and health of animal bodies. The mineral bioapatite (BAp) is the dominant component in bone tissue. This study investigated mineralogical changes of BAp in pig femur by Raman spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). The pigs had been raised with various xylooligosaccharide (XOS) additions at two stages of growth (growing and fattening periods). The results show that XOS can decrease the degree of carbonate substitution for PO4in BAp mineral and improve the mineral's crystallinity. ICP data is consistent with the Raman results, that is the low solubility of bone BAp for pigs fed with XOS. Additionally, the effect of XOS is much better in the growing period (before 65 kg) than in the fattening period (after 65 kg). Moreover, the high addition of XOS (within the range of 0.1–0.5 g/kg) would be appropriate to improve the crystallinity of bone BAp. This study sheds light on applying Raman and ICP techniques to investigate the delicate changes of mineral in pig bones undergoing different managements.