bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Sjögren's syndrome is associated with significant cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Tezcan Mehmet Engin , Kocer Emine Belgin , Haznedaroglu Seminur , Sonmez Cemile , Mercan Ridvan , Yucel Aysegul Atak , Irkec Ceyla , Bitik Berivan , Goker Berna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimCognitive dysfunction is a neurologic manifestation in primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS). On the other hand, several antibodies are related to cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study is to assess the cognitive dysfunction of PSS patients via detailed neurologic tests. Moreover, its associations with antibodies were also evaluated.MethodTwenty‐eight female patients with PSS and 17 healthy controls comprised the study groups. Short‐term memory, long‐term memory, verbal learning, visual memory, visual spatial perception, attention, verbal frequency function, executive functions and information processing speed were evaluated with neurologic tests in both of the study groups. Furthermore, anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) type anti‐glutamate‐receptor antibody, anti‐ribosomal‐p and antiganglioside antibodies were assessed in the study groups.ResultsThe attention, data processing speed, verbal learning, short‐term verbal memory and visuo‐spatial perception performances were lower in the patients with PSS when compared to the healthy controls. The difference reached statistical significance in Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (P < 0.01), Serial Digit Learning Test (P < 0.01), clock drawing (P = 0.03), Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate verbal memory (P = 0.01) and Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Test (P = 0.03). Even if antiganglioside antibodies were more likely to be present in the PSS group when compared to the healthy controls, no relationship was found between its positivity and cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionResults of this study suggest that cognitive dysfunction is quite prevalent in PSS patients without being associated with studied antibodies.
Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Dehalobacter UNSWDHB in response to chloroform
Authors: Jugder Bat‐Erdene , Ertan Haluk , Wong Yie Kuan , Braidy Nady , Manefield Michael , Marquis Christopher P. , Lee Matthew 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOrganohalide respiring bacteria (ORB) are capable of utilising organohalides as electron acceptors for the generation of cellular energy and consequently play an important role in the turnover of natural and anthropogenically‐derived organohalides. In this study, the response of a Dehalobacter sp. strain UNSWDHB to the addition of trichloromethane (TCM) after a 50 h period of its absence (suffocation) was evaluated from a transcriptomic and proteomic perspective. The up‐regulation of TCM reductive dehalogenase genes (tmrABC) and their gene products (TmrABC) was confirmed at both transcriptional and proteomic levels. Other findings include the upregulation of various hydrogenases (membrane‐associated Ni‐Fe hydrogenase complexes and soluble Fe‐Fe hydrogenases), formate dehydrogenases, complex I and a pyrophosphate‐energized proton pump. The elevated expression of enzymes associated with carbon metabolism, including complete Wood Ljungdahl pathway, during TCM respiration raises interesting questions on possible fates of intracellular formate and its potential role in the physiology of this bacterium. Overall, the findings presented here provide a broader view on the bioenergetics and general physiology of Dehalobacter UNSWDHB cells actively respiring with TCM.
Documents of indiscipline and indifference: The violence of bureaucracy in a Brazilian juvenile prison
Authors: DRYBREAD K. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBeatings and torture are common elements of prison discipline in Brazil. Yet the nation's juvenile inmates also suffer violence at the hands of prison staff and administrators in less obvious ways—through the production and circulation of institutional paperwork. Every relationship an inmate has with a professional who works in the juvenile‐justice system is mediated by documents in which the discursive and the material interact to construct subjectivities, define relationships, and establish values. Ethnographically attending to the production and circulation of such documents reveals the ways that paperwork participates in structural violence: it circumscribes the identities and the futures of institutional subjects and limits the professional trajectories of lower‐level bureaucrats. Moreover, official paperwork may in some cases contribute to the institutional violence that it purports to only record. [bureaucracy, disciplinary institutions, structural violence, youth crime, prison, courts, Brazil]Tortura e espancamento são estratégias disciplinares freqüentemente utilizadas nas prisões brasileiras. Além disso, adolescentes infratores detidos em unidades de internação permanente também sofrem nas mãos de funcionários e administradores de modo menos aparente—por meio da produção e da circulação de documentação institucional. Cada relação que um adolescente infrator tem com os profissionais da justiça é mediada por documentos nos quais o discursivo e o material interagem na construção de sujeitos, na definição de relações e no estabelecimento de valores. Estudar a produção e circulação desses documentos com um olhar etnográfico revela o modo pelo qual a documentação integra a estrutura da violência: circunscreve as identidades e os futuros dos sujeitos institucionalizados, bem como limita a trajetória profissional de burocratas dos níveis mais baixos. Além disso, os documentos oficiais podem em alguns casos contribuir para a violência institucional que pretendem apenas registrar. [burocracia, instituições disciplinares, violência estrutural, adolescentes infratores, prisão, tribunais, Brasil]
Crimecraft: Journalists, police, and news publics in an Argentine town
Authors: JUSIONYTE IEVA 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCrime narratives emerge from a collaborative process that involves diverse social groups across different locales. This diffused production of stories is captured by the concept of crimecraft, which helps illuminate the relationship among news media, organized crime, and police violence in postdictatorship Argentina. There, news makers must creatively maneuver between official reports and public secrets by shifting the story's authorship from themselves to their audiences. They do this with online news forums, which provide a space for readers to anonymously criticize brutal police practices, sometimes leading to public protests. Such is the negotiated and shifting relationship between law and violence, as well as the processual and performative character of knowledge production, which crimecraft helps unpack. [police, crime, violence, media, publics, journalism, Argentina]Relatos del crimen surgen de un proceso de colaboración que involucra a diversos grupos sociales en diferentes sitios. El concepto de crimecraft captura esta producción difusa de historias y ayuda a aclarar las conexiones entre los medios de comunicación, el crimen organizado y la violencia policial en Argentina. Allí, los encargados de noticias deben maniobrar de manera creativa entre los informes oficiales y secretos públicos desplazando la paternidad literaria de la historia de sí mismos a sus audiencias. Lo hacen con los foros de noticias online, que proveen un espacio para que los lectores critiquen prácticas brutales de la policía de forma anónima y que a veces lleva a las protestas públicas. Crimecraft sirve para esclarecer esta relación negociada e inestable entre la ley y la violencia, así como comprender el carácter procesual y performativo de la producción del conocimiento. [policía, crimen, violencia, medios de comunicación, públicos, periodismo, Argentina]
Metabolic response evaluation for colorectal liver metastases and correlation to pathologic response and tumour markers
Authors: Lau Lawrence F. , Murone Carmel , Williams David S. , Standish Richard , Lee Sze Ting , Christophi Christopher , Scott Andrew M. , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundTumour metabolic response to chemotherapy is increasingly recognized as a prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). However, its clinical role and the underlying biological mechanism of its prognostic ability are unclear. This study compares metabolic to pathologic response for CRCLM, and correlates metabolic response to tumour expression of six key biomarkers.MethodsThirty‐seven patients who had positron emission tomography imaging before and after pre‐operative chemotherapy prior to liver resection for CRCLM were included. Metabolic response was assessed according to the positron emission tomography response criteria in solid tumours (PERCIST) and correlated to recurrence‐free and overall survival. PERCIST was compared to tumour regression grading, computed tomography (CT) response, tumour necrosis and mucin and immunohistochemical expression of Ki‐67, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, p53, p16 and vimentin. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Kaplan–Meier survival, Spearman's correlation (rs
) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used.Results
PERCIST correlated significantly to 2‐year mortality (AUC = 0.162, P < 0.01) and 2‐year recurrence (AUC = 0.284, P = 0.03). Metabolically responsive tumours conferred a better overall survival (P = 0.01) and recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.03). Tumour regression grading did not stratify for outcome. Metabolic response was significantly correlated to Ki‐67 and p16 expression (rs
= 0.559 and rs
= −0.549, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed only PERCIST to be correlated to death and recurrence.ConclusionPre‐operative PERCIST assessment of CRCLM was more prognostic than pathologic and CT response assessment. Metabolic non‐response correlated with tumour proliferation and loss of tumour suppression.
Novel routes of albumin passage across the glomerular filtration barrier
Authors: Castrop H. , Schießl I. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlbuminuria is a hallmark of kidney diseases of various aetiologies and an unambiguous symptom of the compromised integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that albuminuria per se aggravates the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. This review covers new aspects of the movement of large plasma proteins across the glomerular filtration barrier in health and disease. Specifically, this review focuses on the role of endocytosis and transcytosis of albumin by podocytes, which constitutes a new pathway of plasma proteins across the filtration barrier. Thus, we summarize what is known about the mechanisms of albumin endocytosis by podocytes and address the fate of the endocytosed albumin, which is directed to lysosomal degradation or transcellular movement with subsequent vesicular release into the urinary space. We also address the functional consequences of overt albumin endocytosis by podocytes, such as the formation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which might eventually result in a deterioration of podocyte function. Finally, we consider the diagnostic potential of podocyte‐derived albumin‐containing vesicles in the urine as an early marker of a compromised glomerular barrier function. In terms of new technical approaches, the review covers how our knowledge of the movement of albumin across the glomerular filtration barrier has expanded by the use of new intravital imaging techniques.
Climate, pollution and grazing drive long‐term change in moorland habitats
Authors: Britton Andrea J. , Hester Alison J. , Hewison Richard L. , Potts Jacqueline M. , Ross Louise C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuestionDwarf shrub moorland dominated by ericaceous plants is a distinctive, internationally important feature of northwest Europe, with its stronghold in Scotland. There have been major declines in its condition and extent. How has moorland composition changed within Scotland over the past ca. 35 yr and what is the role of climate change, pollution and grazing in driving these changes?LocationFive hundred and forty locations across Scotland, UK.MethodsWe used a long‐term resurvey approach to assess change across Scottish moorlands. We relocated plots sampled ca. 35 yr previously in alpine heath, dry heath, wet heath and bog, and recorded vegetation species composition. We assessed change in species group richness and cover and mean Ellenberg values between surveys, using paired t‐tests. We used CCA with variation partitioning and regression analysis to analyse the vegetation data with spatial data sets on climate, pollution and grazing, to assess the role of each driver in driving vegetation changes.ResultsSignificant diversity and compositional changes between surveys were found for all habitat types, particularly alpine heath. Significant associations were found with climate (many variables), pollution (N and S) and herbivore number (primarily deer). Species richness generally increased, but several specialist species declined in cover, especially those associated with higher altitude habitats (e.g. Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, Salix herbacea and alpine lichens). Many of the most successful species are ubiquitous, e.g. the widespread grazing‐ and pollution‐tolerant graminoids Anthoxanthum odoratum, Juncus squarrosus, Festuca rubra and Nardus stricta and the generalist mosses Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and Hylocomium splendens.ConclusionsDiversity and composition of moorlands in Scotland have changed significantly over the ca. 35‐yr period studied; the drivers of these changes are complex, with climate, pollution and grazing playing variable roles across habitats. The reduction in specialist species, homogenization of alpine heaths and declines in forb and lichen cover all represent negative changes in the biodiversity value of Scottish moorlands.
Wanted: new allometric equations for large lianas and African lianas
Authors: Miao Zewei , Koerner Sally E. , Medjibe Vincent P. , Poulsen John R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLiana abundance appears to be increasing, possibly to the detriment of trees, but methods for measuring liana biomass are undependable. We show that five commonly used allometric equations produce disparate results and discuss two large information gaps—Central African lianas and large lianas—that currently preclude accurate liana biomass estimation.
Acute endurance exercise lowers serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in Japanese men
Authors: Taniguchi Hirokazu , Tanisawa Kumpei , Sun Xiaomin , Higuchi Mitsuru 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe independent effects of acute endurance exercise on FGF21 metabolism are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether acute endurance exercise modulates serum postprandial FGF21 levels in an age‐dependent manner.DesignExercise intervention trial.PatientsTwenty‐eight subjects participated in the experiment, of whom 13 were excluded mainly because of a serum FGF21 level below the limit of detection. Thus, data from seven young (age: 18–22 years) and eight elderly male subjects (age: 62–69 years) were analysed.MeasurementsParticipants were asked to perform a cycling exercise for 30 min at 70% maximal oxygen uptake, following carbohydrate intake. Blood samples were collected pre‐exercise and 0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 24 h after the cessation of exercise. Serum FGF21 levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsHigher serum FGF21 was observed in the elderly subjects group throughout the experiment (P < 0·05). There was no significant increase in serum FGF21 levels after the cessation of exercise, whereas serum FGF21 levels were significantly lower 24 h after the exercise compared with those pre‐exercise, 0 min, 30 min and 1 h after the cessation of exercise in both groups (P < 0·01). The response did not differ between the two groups because of no significant group × time interaction.ConclusionsAcute endurance exercise lowers serum FGF21 levels 24 h following exercise. The results suggest that acute endurance exercise modulates postprandial FGF21 metabolism regardless of age.
Study methodology and diabetes control in patients from the non‐English diabetes management project (NEDMP)
Authors: Dirani Mohamed , Dang Trung M , Xie Jing , Gnanasekaran Sivashanth , Nicolaou Theona , Rees Gwyneth , Fenwick Eva , Lamoureux Ecosse L 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the clinical characteristics of non–English speaking patients from the Diabetes Management Project (NEDMP), and compare their diabetes management and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with the English‐speaking DMP sample (EDMP).DesignA prospective study was conducted on non‐English speaking adults with diabetes who attended the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital.Participants136 (90.1%) non‐English speaking adults were assessed, with a mean age of 72.2 years (range: 50‐88 years); 74 (54.4%) were male.MethodsParticipants completed interviewer‐administered questionnaires and underwent visual acuity, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, biochemistry and anthropometric measurements. The EDMP assessed 609 patients in 2009 using a similar protocol.Main Outcome MeasuresType and duration of diabetes, diabetes control and diabetic retinopathy.ResultsA total of 127 (93.4%) and 8 (5.9%) participants reported having type 2 and type 1 diabetes, respectively, with a median (IQR) duration of 17 (14) years. The proportion of patients with poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) in the NEDMP was similar to the EDMP (64.0% and 68.2%, respectively; P = 0.411). A significantly higher proportion of patients with DR in the NEDMP were found to have poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) compared to those without DR (80.9% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.003). Almost two‐thirds of NEDMP patients (74/118) had DR and 23% (27/115) had diabetic macular edema. The prevalence of DR was similar between the NEDMP and EDMP studies, ranging from 25‐30% and 28‐29%.ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics, diabetes control, and DR severity of English and non‐English‐speaking patients were similar. The high proportion of poor diabetes management in non‐English speaking patients with DR suggests educational and behavioural interventions to improve glycaemic control are warranted.
Self‐reported cochlear implant management skills: development and validation of the self‐administered Cochlear Implant Management Skills (CIMS‐self) survey
Authors: Bennett R.J. , Jayakody D.M.P. , Eikelboom R.H. , Atlas M.D. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveA self‐administered device management survey was developed and validated to investigate the ability of cochlear implant recipients to self‐report physical handling and care for their hearing implant device(s) and to identify factors that may influence self‐reported management skills.DesignSurvey development and validation. A prospective convenience cohort design study.SettingSpecialist hearing implant clinic.ParticipantsForty‐nine post‐lingually hearing impaired, adult cochlear implant recipients, at least 12 months postoperative.Main outcome measuresSurvey test–retest reliability, responsiveness, criterion validity and sensitivity and specificity compared to clinician evaluation of device management skills. Correlations between self‐reported management skills and participant demographic, audiometric, cognitive function, clinical outcomes and device factors.ResultsThe self‐administered Cochlear Implant Management Skills survey was developed, demonstrating high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.884, P < 0.001; CI 95%: 0.721–0.952), responsiveness to intervention (management skills training) [t(20) = −3.245, P = 0.004], criterion validity (ICC = 0.765, P < 0.001; CI 95%: 0.584–0.868) and sensitivity (0.89). No associations were found between self‐reported management skills and participant factors.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that a self‐report survey is an effective method for the evaluation of skills required for cochlear implant device management.
Nanofibrous polycaprolactone scaffolds with adhered platelets stimulate proliferation of skin cells
Authors: Vocetkova K. , Buzgo M. , Sovkova V. , Bezdekova D. , Kneppo P. , Amler E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesFaulty wound healing is a global healthcare problem. Chronic wounds are generally characterized by a reduction in availability of growth factors. New strategies are being developed to deliver growth factors more effectively.MethodsIn this study, we introduced electrospun scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers functionalized with adhered platelets, as a source of numerous growth factors. Three concentrations of platelets were immobilized to nanofibrous scaffolds by simple adhesion, and their influence on adhesion, proliferation and metabolic activity of seeded cells (murine fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes) was investigated.ResultsThe data obtained indicated that presence of platelets significantly promoted cell spreading, proliferation and metabolic activity in all the skin‐associated cell types. There were no significant differences among tested concentrations of platelets, thus even the lowest concentration sufficiently promoted proliferation of the seeded cells.ConclusionsSuch complex stimulation is needed for improved healing of chronic wounds. However, the nanofibrous system can be used not only as a skin cover, but also in broader applications in regenerative medicine.
Characterisation of gelatin nanoparticles encapsulated with Moringa oleifera bioactive extract
Authors: Hani Norziah , Azarian Mohammad Hossein , Torkamani Amir Ehsan , Kamil Mahmood Wan Ahmad 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study describes the preparation and characterisation of nanoparticles with gelatin as the wall matrix to encapsulate Moringa oleifera (MO) extract using an electrospraying technique. The electrospraying conditions for voltage, flow rate and emitter/collector distance were 20 kV, 0.5 mL h−1 and 10 cm, respectively. Nanoparticles with encapsulated MO extract (1–5%, w/w) were successfully produced and characterised in relation to spectroscopic, morphological and thermal properties. Increasing amounts of MO extract resulted in a significant decrease in the nanocapsule size (ranging from 140 and 179 nm) produced. Spectroscopic analysis indicated no chemical interactions between core and wall materials. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of MO extract‐loaded nanocapsules obtained was 83.0 ± 4.0%. Surface analysis showed that roughness decreased from 91 nm (empty beads) to 57.5 nm with addition of 3% MO extract. The thermal stability of encapsulated nanoparticles slightly increased and the glass transition temperature (Tg) disappeared due to increase in crystallinity.