bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous lidocaine infusion therapy and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in adolescents undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction: A retrospective study
Authors: Bates Rachel , Cave Fiona , West Nicholas , Bone Jeffrey N. , Hofmann Bradley , Miyanji Firoz , Lauder Gillian R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPosterior spinal instrumentation and fusion is an established surgical procedure for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is standard practice for this procedure. Anesthetic agents can have different, but significant, effects on neurophysiological monitoring outcomes.AimTo determine if intravenous lidocaine infusion therapy has an impact on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.MethodsFollowing ethical approval, we conducted a retrospective review of charts and the archived intraoperative neurophysiological data of adolescents undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring data included the amplitude of motor evoked potentials and the amplitude and latency of somatosensory evoked potentials. A cohort who received intraoperative lidocaine infusion were compared to those who did not.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included in this analysis, who had surgery between February 4, 2016 and April 22, 2021: 39 had intraoperative intravenous lidocaine infusion and 42 did not. Based on hourly snapshot data, there was no evidence that lidocaine infusion had a detrimental effect on the measured change from baseline for MEP amplitudes in either lower (mean difference 41.9; 95% confidence interval −304.5 to 388.3; p = .182) or upper limbs (MD −279.0; 95% CI −562.5 to 4.4; p = .054). There was also no evidence of any effect on the measured change from baseline for SSEP amplitudes in either lower (MD 16.4; 95% CI −17.7 to 50.5; p = .345) or upper limbs (MD −2.4; 95% CI −14.5 to 9.8; p = .701). Finally, there was no evidence of a difference in time to first reportable neurophysiological event (hazard ratio 1.13; 95% CI 0.61 to 2.09; p = .680).ConclusionsData from these two cohorts provide preliminary evidence that intravenous lidocaine infusion has no negative impact on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during PSIF for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Adult stakeholders' perspectives on supporting or undermining the mental health of sexual and gender minoritised adolescents
Authors: Samra Rajvinder , Lucassen Mathijs F. G. , Núñez‐García Alicia , Brown Katherine E. , Rimes Katharine A. , Wallace Louise M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo explore adult stakeholders' perspectives on what supports or undermines the mental health of sexual and gender minoritised adolescents (SGMA) in everyday life in order to better understand how to foster supportive psychosocial environments for SGMA.DesignDescriptive qualitative study design, using framework analysis.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted remotely with 16 UK‐based adult stakeholders which included parents of SGMA, health and social care professionals, community‐based professionals, and professionals who commission services related to adolescent health and well‐being.ResultsNine themes were identified that represented barriers and enablers of fostering psychosocial environments that are supportive of SGMA mental health. Example barrier themes include SGMA ‘facing chronic and acute safety threats and stress’, ‘psychological responses to social connection losses and navigating alienation’, ‘digital exposure and online risk and vulnerability’ and ‘conflicting messages, resulting divisions and adult distancing’. Example enablers include ‘exploring, owning, and changing (personal) identities’, ‘advocating alongside adolescents whilst containing oneself as the adult in the situation’ and ‘personally fostering adolescents’ psychological safety and inclusion’.ConclusionsAdult stakeholders report that SGMA are often exposed to environments hostile to key aspects of their identity which then by extension undermines their mental health. These experiences can threaten their sense of safety and evolving identity. Practitioners in particular should be aware of the stressors relating to SGMA identity and minoritisation experiences in order to develop the psychological safety and sense of inclusion needed for SGMA to trust in the relationship and the support offered.
Safety of Prior Propranolol Therapy for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Hasan Iraj , Zinn Zachary 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPropranolol has been the primary treatment for infantile hemangioma (IH) since 2008. Prior studies have investigated the effects in late childhood of propranolol therapy given in infancy for IH, including neurocognitive dysfunction, sleep disorders, and hypoglycemia. However, few studies have determined the risk of these adverse effects later in life. Using the TrinetX database, we studied the risk of growth impairment, sleep disorders, learning disabilities, and diabetes mellitus in children aged 10–17 years who had received propranolol for IH in infancy. The maximum age of 17 years was chosen for the study, as propranolol was established as a treatment for IH in 2008. The results showed no statistically significant risk of growth impairment, sleep disorders, learning disabilities, or diabetes mellitus in IH patients treated with propranolol. These findings support existing evidence that propranolol therapy given in infancy for IH is not associated with long‐term adverse effects up to age 17 years in the studied patient population.
Pre‐procedural Topical Antisepsis in the Neonate: A Systematic Review Evaluating Risk Factors for Skin Injury
Authors: Mulinda Carly , Suhail Sana , Sutherland Bronwyn , Lauren Christine T. , Hunt Raegan D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPre‐procedural antisepsis is a critical component of hospital‐acquired infection prevention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, broadly utilized topical antiseptic agents pose an elevated risk of disruption to neonatal skin integrity, and evidence‐based guidelines are lacking. This systematic review of the literature sought to assess and characterize the predisposing risk factors for and types of neonatal skin injury from topical antiseptic agents.MethodsA systematic search of Medline Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library was conducted, including academic literature providing data on neonatal skin injuries related to topical antisepsis in the NICU.ResultsA total of 19 articles (99 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Of the available data, most reported skin injuries were described in extremely preterm (98.1%) and very low birth weight (98.4%) infants. The majority of reported adverse cutaneous events were attributed to chlorhexidine preparations (74.8%), followed by octenidine (18.2%), povidone‐iodine (6.1%), and isopropyl alcohol (2.0%). Erythema (40.1%), skin breakdown (23.4%), and chemical burns (17.5%) were the skin reactions reported most frequently, followed by skin irritation (8.3%), and skin necrosis (2.8%).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that both extremely preterm and very low birth weight infants are particularly susceptible to skin toxicities from pre‐procedural antiseptic preparations. These data underscore the need for future research to support the development of guidelines which minimize iatrogenic cutaneous injuries in the neonatal population, specifically for the care of infants under 2 months of age, for whom current recommendations are lacking due to a paucity of data.
Impact of textural layers in soils on irrigation infiltration processes in an oasis farmland, northwestern China
Authors: Hong Zhou , Zhao Wenzhi , Sun Chenpeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Hexi Corridor Oasis in China is an important agricultural area supported by extensive irrigation. The sandy soil in the area exhibits textural layering, which has marked effects on its properties. Textural layered soils play an important role in distributing and regulating water regimes in irrigated fields. However, little is known about the textural layering‐dependent variability in soil water infiltration characteristics following irrigation and the potential effects on soil hydrology and water regimes in these soils. The objective of this study was to determine water infiltration processes and their influencing factors for six soil profile types in an oasis farmland. Six in situ constant‐head infiltration measurements (with three replications in each of six sites) were conducted with a single‐ring infiltrometer in different soil texture configurations, and Hydrus‐2D model was applied to evaluate soil water distribution. The results showed that the wetting front depth for all treatments was in the following order: ST‐1 > ST‐5 > ST‐6 > ST‐3 > ST‐2 > ST‐4; the stable infiltration rate ranged from 1.2 to 3.3 cm/min during the investigation period in all treatments. The presence of a finer‐textured soil layer decreased water infiltration rates through the profiles, and the thickness and burial depth of textured layers had obvious effects on infiltration, compared with homogeneous sand profiles. Presence of a medium‐textured layer affected the infiltration characteristics and soil water spatial variability; driven by increased field capacity and the wilting point, hydraulic conductivity was correlated with soil variables that were related to soil structure, such as wilting point and field capacity, and less so with variables that were related to soil texture, such as the clay fractions (p < 0.001). These results suggested that textural layering altered the soil structure and caused heterogeneous infiltration of water, with implications for the distribution of irrigation water and prevention of deep percolation in this oasis farmland. The result of this study offers a new analysis of ponded single‐ring water infiltrometer data that the soil water infiltration is also influenced by the type of textural layered than just the irrigation system, which supports crop irrigation management in study area and other regions with similar soil regimes.
Advancements in genetic analysis: Insights from a case study and review of next‐generation sequencing techniques for veterinary oncology applications
Authors: Harris R. Adam , Nolan Jillian , Ammons Dylan , Beeson Samantha , Thamm Douglas , Avery Anne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) poses significant challenges in veterinary medicine, with limited treatment options and poor survival rates. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing human AML, translating these advancements to veterinary practice has been hindered by limited molecular understanding and diagnostic tools. The case study presented illustrates the application of whole genome sequencing in diagnosing AML in a dog, showcasing its potential in veterinary oncology. Our approach facilitated comprehensive genomic analysis, identifying mutations in genes that may be associated with AML pathogenesis in dogs, such as KRAS, IKZF1, and RUNX1. However, without supportive evidence of its clinical utility (eg, association with response to treatment or prognosis), the information is limited to exploration. This article reviews the comparative features of canine AML with human AML and discusses strategies to shrink the knowledge gap between human and veterinary medicine with cost‐effective next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. By utilizing these approaches, the unique and shared molecular features with human AML can be identified, aiding in molecular classification and therapeutic development for both species. Despite the promise of NGS, challenges exist in implementing it into routine veterinary diagnostics. Cost considerations, turnaround times, and the need for robust bioinformatics pipelines and quality control measures must be addressed. Most importantly, analytical and clinical validation processes are essential to ensure the reliability and clinical utility of NGS‐based assays. Overall, integrating NGS technologies into veterinary oncology holds great potential for advancing our understanding of AML and improving disease stratification, in hopes of improving clinical outcomes.
Ultrasonographic assessment of equine metacarpal cartilage thickness is more accurate than computed tomographic arthrography
Authors: Hoey Seamus , Fogarty Ursula , McAllister Hester , Puggioni Antonella , Cloak Brian , Richard Hélène , Skelly Cliona , Laverty Sheila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArticular cartilage can be directly imaged using ultrasonography. The fetlock is a common site of osteochondrosis, with the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone most commonly affected. In osteochondrosis, cartilage thickening may be an initial finding. This postmortem study investigated the ability of ultrasonography to accurately measure the dorsodistal articular cartilage of the third metacarpal bone in young horses, compared to computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) and histological measurements. A total of 33 metacarpophalangeal joints from 18 horses between the ages of 12 days and 10 months old were imaged ultrasonographically and with CTA and sectioned and measured using histology. Imaging measurements were made by two observers. Despite overall weak agreement between ultrasonography and histology, the best agreement was at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone. Interobserver agreement at this site was also moderate. CTA showed poor agreement overall with histology. Cartilage thickness decreased with age on ultrasonography, CTA, and histology. In conclusion, ultrasonography is a more accurate imaging modality than CTA in the assessment of cartilage in young horses.
The synaptic vesicle cluster as a controller of pre‐ and postsynaptic structure and function
Authors: Reshetniak Sofiia , Bogaciu Cristian A. , Bonn Stefan , Brose Nils , Cooper Benjamin H. , D'Este Elisa , Fauth Michael , Fernández‐Busnadiego Rubén , Fiosins Maksims , Fischer André , Georgiev Svilen V. , Jakobs Stefan , Klumpp Stefan , Köster Sarah , Lange Felix , Lipstein Noa , Macarrón‐Palacios Victor , Milovanovic Dragomir , Moser Tobias , Müller Marcus , Opazo Felipe , Outeiro Tiago F. , Pape Constantin , Priesemann Viola , Rehling Peter , Salditt Tim , Schlüter Oliver , Simeth Nadja , Steinem Claudia , Tchumatchenko Tatjana , Tetzlaff Christian , Tirard Marilyn , Urlaub Henning , Wichmann Carolin , Wolf Fred , Rizzoli Silvio O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synaptic vesicle cluster (SVC) is an essential component of chemical synapses, which provides neurotransmitter‐loaded vesicles during synaptic activity, at the same time as also controlling the local concentrations of numerous exo‐ and endocytosis cofactors. In addition, the SVC hosts molecules that participate in other aspects of synaptic function, from cytoskeletal components to adhesion proteins, and affects the location and function of organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. We argue here that these features extend the functional involvement of the SVC in synapse formation, signalling and plasticity, as well as synapse stabilization and metabolism. We also propose that changes in the size of the SVC coalesce with changes in the postsynaptic compartment, supporting the interplay between pre‐ and postsynaptic dynamics. Thereby, the SVC could be seen as an ‘all‐in‐one’ regulator of synaptic structure and function, which should be investigated in more detail, to reveal molecular mechanisms that control synaptic function and heterogeneity.
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Biogenesis and reformation of synaptic vesicles
Authors: Bolz Svenja , Haucke Volker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCommunication within the nervous system relies on the calcium‐triggered release of neurotransmitter molecules by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) at defined active zone release sites. While decades of research have provided detailed insight into the molecular machinery for SV fusion, much less is known about the mechanisms that form functional SVs during the development of synapses and that control local SV reformation following exocytosis in the mature nervous system. Here we review the current state of knowledge in the field, focusing on the pathways implicated in the formation and axonal transport of SV precursor organelles and the mechanisms involved in the local reformation of SVs within nerve terminals in mature neurons. We discuss open questions and outline perspectives for future research.
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Control of Shroud Leakage Loss and Windage Torque in a Low-Pressure Turbine Stage
Authors: Christodoulou Loizos , Li Zhihui , Ambrose Stephen , Jefferson-Loveday Richard , Jackson Richard , Lock Gary , Sangan Carl , Scobie James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As new aeroengine architectures move to larger diameter fans and rotors, the associated increase in weight will need to be counterbalanced by lighter, more compact, and more efficient low-pressure turbines (LPT). Efficiency gains in LPTs can be achieved by reducing the losses associated with the shroud leakage flows. Flow control studies on the topic have traditionally focused on reducing the mixing loss, which constitutes a considerable proportion of the total loss. Nonetheless, increasing engine speeds are driving additional gains obtained by also targeting the reduction of windage losses. Developing a flow control solution with the dual objective of reducing over-tip cavity mixing and windage losses has not previously been attempted. This is a challenge due to conflicting flow control requirements and geometric constraints. Reducing windage loss generally requires increasing the swirl ratio of the leakage flow, while reducing mixing loss requires reducing this ratio to match that of the main gas path. The current work proposes a novel flow control solution to successfully achieve this purpose through the emerging technology of additive manufacturing. The successful flow control concept (FCC) was developed through numerical simulation, printed using an additive manufacturing process, and validated in a purpose-built rig. Experiments and computations were consistent with a cumulative reduction in cavity windage of 16%. The FCC is estimated to increase the mechanical efficiency of the turbine stage in isolation by 1%.
To PETE, or Not to PETE, That Is the Question: The Influence of Occupational Socialization on Physical Education Teacher Education Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Parkes Craig , Holden Shelley L. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: A reduction in physical education teacher education (PETE) enrollments has been evident over the past decade. As a result, many institutions have eliminated their PETE programs, and the recruitment and retention of preservice teachers has been a significant area of concern and research. The study’s aim was to investigate how occupational socialization influenced PETE recruitment and retention at one mid-sized public research university in the southeastern United States. Method: Participants were 16 individuals who were undergraduate students or recent graduates. Data were collected through autobiographical essays and interviews. Results: Participants were organized into five categories: (a) PETE precandidacy, (b) currently enrolled in PETE, (c) recent PETE graduate, (d) seriously contemplated PETE but never enrolled, and (e) withdrew from PETE. Participants acted as pursuers, latecomers, and lamenters. The factors influencing PETE recruitment were (a) apprenticeship of observation, (b) the family business, and (c) job satisfaction, with the factors influencing retention being (d) a loss of enthusiasm. Discussion/Conclusion: The data from this study both support and contradict prior research into PETE recruitment and retention. These findings would be of interest to PETE faculty, program coordinators, and other administrators who are responsible for the recruitment and retention of students.
Coach Servant Leadership and Athlete Serving Behaviors: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Positive Affect
Authors: Takamatsu Shohei , Kawata Yujiro 
Published: October 2024

This study argues, based on macro theory, which integrates self-determination and broaden-and-build theories, that a coach’s servant leadership enhances athletes’ intrinsic motivation and positive affect, thus enhancing their serving behaviors toward their teammates. In Study 1, data were collected from 600 athletes belonging to university athletic clubs in Japan through an online survey. In Study 2, data were collected from a university with one of the largest sport faculties in Japan at two time points—with 311 university athletes at Time 1 and 269 athletes, 3 months later, at Time 2. The results revealed that intrinsic motivation and positive affect sequentially mediated the positive relationship between coach servant leadership and athlete serving behaviors. The findings contribute to the development of the servant-leadership literature by demonstrating a new pathway from servant leadership of coaches (leaders) to serving behaviors of athletes (followers) based on macro theory.
Characterization of the ferric uptake regulator
Va
Fur regulon and its role in
Vibrio anguillarum
pathogenesis
Authors: Li Yingjie , Yu Xinran , Li Peng , Li Xin , Wang Lushan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The Gram-negative marine bacterium
Vibrio anguillarum
is able to cause vibriosis with hemorrhagic septicemia in many fish species, and iron acquisition is a critical step for virulence. Despite the fact that genes specific to certain processes of iron transport have been studied, the iron-regulated circuits of the
V. anguillarum
strains remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that in
V. anguillarum
strain 775, iron could affect the expression of a number of critical metabolic pathways and virulence factors. The global iron uptake regulator
Va
Fur is the major actor to control these processes for the bacterium to respond to different iron conditions. A
Va
Fur binding motif was identified to distinguish directly and indirectly regulated targets. The absence of
Va
Fur resulted in the aberrant expression of most iron acquisition determinants under rich-iron conditions. A similar regulation pattern was also observed in the transcription of genes coding for the type VI secretion system. The expression of peroxidase genes is positively controlled by
Va
Fur to prevent iron toxicity, and the deletion of
Vafur
caused impaired growth in the presence of iron and H
2
O
2
.
Va
Fur also upregulates some virulence factors under limited-iron conditions, including metalloprotease EmpA and motility, which are likely critical for the high virulence of
V. anguillarum
775. The deletion of
Va
Fur led to reduced swimming motility and decreased extracellular protease activity under limited-iron conditions, thereby leading to attenuated pathogenicity. Our study provides more evidence to better understand the
Va
Fur regulon and its role in the pathogenesis of
V. anguillarum
.

IMPORTANCE

Vibriosis, the most common disease caused by marine bacteria belonging to the genus
Vibrio
, leads to massive mortality of economical aquatic organisms in Asia. Iron is one of the most important trace elements, and its acquisition is a critical battle occurring between the host and the pathogen. However, excess iron is harmful to cells, so iron utilization needs to be strictly controlled to adapt to different conditions. This process is mediated by the global iron uptake regulator Fur, which acts as a repressor when iron is replete. On the other hand, free iron in the host is limited, so the reduced virulence of the Δ
fur
mutant should not be directly caused by abnormally regulated iron uptake. The significance of this work lies in uncovering the mechanism by which the deletion of Fur causes reduced virulence in
Vibrio anguillarum
and identifying the critical virulence factors that function under limited-iron conditions.