bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclization of α‐Diazo Esters Triggered by Oxidation: A Facile Preparation of 5‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐4‐carboxylates
Authors: Kondo Hideaki , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki , Kimura Ayaka , Nakamura Seiichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA method for the preparation of 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐4‐carboxylates has been developed. Exposure of 4‐(arylmethyl)oxy‐2‐diazobutyrates to 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) effected oxidative generation of oxocarbenium intermediates, which underwent intramolecular attack of the diazo carbon atom and subsequent β‐elimination to give 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrofurancarboxylates in modest to good yields. In particular, tertiary arylmethyl ethers offer the advantages of enhanced reactivity toward DDQ and higher product yields due to a Thorpe−Ingold effect. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of the cyclization reaction, selective transformations of an aromatization‐prone dihydrofuran product are also described.
New speedup algorithms for nonlinear dynamic time history analysis of supertall building structures under strong earthquakes
Authors: He Zheng , Fu Shaojun , Shi Yongan , Tao Qian , Sun Chengjiang 
Published: July 2017

SummarySome speedup algorithms oriented to improving computational efficiency of nonlinear dynamic time history analysis of supertall buildings structures excited by strong earthquakes are proposed. In order to minimize Jacobian factorizations, the inexact Newton algorithm combined with the sparse Cholesky matrix factorization (INC) is suggested with an unbalance‐independent relation for the determination of a forcing term in the INC. Further, some shared memory parallel computing techniques are incorporated into the state transformation procedures developed previously (parallel state transformation procedure) and the matrix factorization (parallelized factorization) for full utilization of the resources of an ordinary personal computer. All the algorithms are integrated in a finite element program specialized in time history analysis of aseismic supertall building structures, with some features from OpenSees. Computational efficiency, as well as accuracy, of the proposed speedup algorithms is demonstrated on one 12‐story reinforced concrete frame (K1) and 4 frame‐core‐tube supertall buildings (S1–S4). The results from the demonstration indicate that, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the proportion of time consumed in Jacobian factorization becomes relatively more dominant. The combination of the INC and the parallelized factorization can achieve better acceleration performance in this case. Factors associated with the forcing term of the INC have much influence on computational efficiency and should be selected based on building scale. Combination of all the algorithms in the biggest model (S4) yields an average of 28.72 of acceleration ratio even with peak ground acceleration equal to 3.2 g. In all cases considered, a desirable agreement in structural response is always reached between conventional time history analysis method and the method using the proposed speedup algorithms.
Software update: the ORCA program system, version 4.0
Authors: Neese Frank 
Published: July 2017

This short update provides an overview of the capabilities that have been added to the ORCA electronic structure package (version 4.0) since publication of the first article in 2012. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1327. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1327This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Developmental mechanisms of intervertebral disc and vertebral column formation
Authors: Lawson Lisa Y. , Harfe Brian D. 
Published: July 2017

The vertebral column consists of repeating units of ossified vertebrae that are adjoined by fibrocartilagenous intervertebral discs. These structures form from the embryonic notochord and somitic mesoderm. In humans, congenital malformations of the vertebral column include scoliosis, kyphosis, spina bifida, and Klippel Feil syndrome. In adulthood, a common malady affecting the vertebral column includes disc degeneration and associated back pain. Indeed, recent reports estimate that low back pain is the number one cause of disability worldwide. Our review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebral column morphogenesis and intervertebral disc development and maintenance, with an emphasis on what has been gleaned from recent genetic studies in mice. The aim of this review is to provide a developmental framework through which vertebral column formation can be understood so that ultimately, research scientists and clinicians alike can restore disc health with appropriately designed gene and cell‐based therapies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e283. doi: 10.1002/wdev.283This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Management of Enterocutaneous Fistula: Outcomes in 276 Patients
Authors: Quinn Martha , Falconer Stuart , McKee Ruth F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of patients with type II intestinal failure due to enterocutaneous fistulae in a tertiary referral centre over a 15 year period.Summary backgroundIntestinal failure secondary to enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) requires multidisciplinary management at significant cost. Mortality and morbidity are high.MethodsPatients were identified from a prospectively collected database of patients requiring inpatient parenteral nutrition (1998–2013). Data collected included: demographics, mode of admission, pathological grouping and outcome.ResultsA total of 286 ECF were identified in 278 patients, mean age 64 years (20–96 years) with an equal gender distribution. In total, 112 fistulas developed following an emergency admission, 89 fistulas following an elective admission, and the remainder 85 were transferred from outlying district hospitals. In total, 246 ECF were as a result of previous surgery, 11 occurred following endoscopic procedures, with the remainder occurring spontaneously. All patients received parenteral nutrition (PN). Forty‐seven patients overall died from sepsis/multiorgan failure. A total of 154 ECF resolved with aggressive non‐operative management and 46 died prior to resolution of their fistula or surgery. 74.8% of patients with ECF proximal to the duodenal‐jejunal flexure closed without surgery compared to 35.4% with disease distal to the flexure (p = 0.001). Nineteen early operations were performed, with 51 patients undergoing definitive surgery. In‐hospital mortality was 19.1% (53/278), with 30‐day post‐operative mortality from definitive surgery being 9.8% (5/51).ConclusionMortality remains high and is associated with sepsis. Fistulas proximal to the duodeno‐jejunal flexure are more likely to close spontaneously. If the fistula fails to close spontaneously care is often prolonged and complex, requiring a dedicated nutrition team. In this series, spontaneous closure was more common in upper GI fistulas. Patients who are not able to be discharged in the interval between fistula formation and definitive surgery have a higher mortality risk.
Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Appendicitis during Pregnancy: A Canadian Experience
Authors: Burns Michael , Hague Cameron J. , Vos Patrick , Tiwari Pari , Wiseman Sam M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancy. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all MRI scans performed at our institution, between 2006 and 2012, for the evaluation of suspected appendicitis in pregnant women. Details of the MRI scans performed were obtained from the radiology information system as well as details of any ultrasounds carried out for the same indication. Clinical and pathological data were obtained by retrospective chart review. Results The study population comprised 63 patients, and 8 patients underwent a second MRI scan during the same pregnancy. A total of 71 MRI scans were reviewed. The appendix was identified on 40 scans (56.3%). Sensitivity of MRI was 75% and specificity was 100% for the diagnosis of appendicitis in pregnant women. When cases with right lower quadrant inflammatory fat stranding or focal fluid, without appendix visualization, were classified as positive for appendicitis, MRI sensitivity increased to 81.3% but specificity decreased to 96.4%. Conclusions MRI is sensitive and highly specific for the diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancy and should be considered as a first line imaging study for this clinical presentation.
Alcohol use and intimate partner violence among women and their partners in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Greene M. C. , Kane J. C. , Tol W. A. 
Published: July 2017

Background:Alcohol use is a well-documented risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, the majority of research comes from high-income countries.Methods:Using nationally representative data from 86 024 women that participated in the Demographic and Health Surveys, we evaluated the relationship between male partner alcohol use and experiencing IPV in 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using multilevel mixed-effects models, we calculated the within-country, between-country, and contextual effects of alcohol use on IPV.Results:Prevalence of partner alcohol use and IPV ranged substantially across countries (3–62 and 11–60%, respectively). Partner alcohol use was associated with a significant increase in the odds of reporting IPV for all 14 countries included in this analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between alcohol use and IPV, although largely explained by partner alcohol use, was also attributable to overall prevalence of alcohol use in a given country. The partner alcohol use–IPV relationship was moderated by socioeconomic status (SES): among women with a partner who used alcohol those with lower SES had higher odds of experiencing IPV than women with higher SES.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that partner alcohol use is a robust correlate of IPV in SSA; however, drinking norms may independently relate to IPV and confound the relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV. These findings motivate future research employing experimental and longitudinal designs to examine alcohol use as a modifiable risk factor of IPV and as a novel target for treatment and prevention research to reduce IPV in SSA.
The Missing Reversioner: Reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria
Authors: Blum Yehuda Z. 
Published: July 2017

Two recent decisions handed down by the Hebron magistrate, Mr. Hussein El-Shajuchi, and by the Bethlehem magistrate, Mr. Tawfik El-Sakka, on February 5, 1968 and on February 27, 1968, respectively, have brought to the fore some interesting legal problems arising from the Six Day War of June, 1967 as a result of which Judea and Samaria (formerly known as the “West Bank” of the Kingdom of Jordan) have come under Israeli control.The immediate cause that has given rise to the elaboration by the two learned magistrates of the problems to be dealt with in this paper was the promulgation by the Officer Commanding, Israel Defence Forces in Judea and Samaria, on October 23, 1967, of Order No. 145, concerning the status of Israeli advocates in the courts of Judea and Samaria. Article 2 of the said Order provides that “notwithstanding any existing provisions to the contrary, any party to civil proceedings and any defendant in criminal proceedings may authorise an Israeli advocate to represent him in such proceedings.” Article 4 of the same Order stipulates that the Order shall be in force for a period of six months from the date of its entry into force (i.e. October 23, 1967) unless it is terminated at an earlier date by the Officer Commanding, Israel Defence Forces in Judea and Samaria. In the preamble to the Order the reasons given for its promulgation are “to ensure the efficient maintenance of the law, to enable the uninterrupted functioning of the Courts in the District [of Judea and Samaria] and to make available the services of advocates to the local population.” As will be more fully explained later, the reason for promulgating this Order was the strike of Arab lawyers in Judea and Samaria, which threatened to deprive courts and clients there of legal services.
Frontal Assessment Battery in Parkinson’s Disease: Validity and Morphological Correlates
Authors: Bezdicek Ondrej , Růžička Filip , Fendrych Mazancova Adela , Roth Jan , Dušek Pavel , Mueller Karsten , Růžička Evžen , Jech Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectives: Executive dysfunction is a common feature in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is a lack of brief validated instruments for executive dysfunction in PD. Methods: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation of Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores to age and education, to verify the utility of FAB in the evaluation of executive dysfunction in PD and to differentiate between controls (n=41), PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC; n=41; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3) and PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n=32; Hoehn and Yahr stages 2–3). In addition, we studied the relation between voxel-based morphometric (VBM) data and FAB results in PD. Results: We found that FAB scores are significantly related to age and education. The FAB has shown discriminative validity for the differentiation of PD-MCI from PD-NC and controls (area under the curve >.80). Also, the VBM analysis revealed lower FAB scores are specifically related to lower gray matter density in the right ventromedial prefrontal areas and precuneus. Conclusions: The FAB can be recommended as a valid instrument for PD-MCI Level I screening. FAB is sensitive to frontal lobe involvement in PD as reflected by lower gray matter density in prefrontal areas. (JINS, 2017, 23, 675–684)
Trace fossils in Ordovician radiolarian chert successions in the Southern Uplands, Scotland
Authors: Kakuwa Yoshitaka , Floyd James D. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRadiolarian chert and associated siliceous claystone in the Southern Uplands of Scotland are examined, in order to study the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event of benthic animals on the pelagic ocean bottom. Trace fossils which are uncommon, but convincing, are found in the grey chert and siliceous claystone of Gripps Cleuch. These observations constitute firm evidence that large benthic animals which could leave visible trace fossils had colonised the Iapetan Ocean by the late Middle Ordovician, confirming previous studies from Australia for Panthalassa, the other huge ocean. Red chert is, however, a poor recorder of trace fossils, probably because the highly oxidising environment breaks down organic matter, both inhibiting high-density activity of large benthic animals and removing clear traces of benthic animal life.
Beyond self-determination: norms contestation, constituent diplomacies and the co-production of sovereignty
Authors: CORNAGO NOÉ 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:The idea of a perfect national political community, entirely confined within the contours of a corresponding state, is one of the foundational fictions of global modernity. Its formal crystallisation in the legal grammars of the right to self-determination has been however, particularly in the post-colonial era, highly problematic and full of ambiguities. Drawing on this background, this article contends that diplomacy offers frequently a more promising venue for dealing with the challenge of political pluralism than appealing to either the unstable grammars of the right to self-determination or a reified understanding of the principle of territorial integrity of states. In so doing, firstly, the right to self-determination is critically examined. Instead of attempting to articulate its formal content, the malleability of its legal grammars and political realities, will be emphasised. Secondly, based on the discussion of a variety of historical cases, the notion of ‘constituent diplomacies’ will be advanced, aiming to show how the agonistic accommodation of political and territorial pluralism through diplomacy was crucial not only in the formative processes of modern sovereign states but also nowadays. Finally, this relational understanding of the historical forms of governance of political pluralism within and beyond state boundaries will be re-examined, beyond its ethno-political dimensions, through the prism of the complex interplay between the material and ideational conditions for the co-production of sovereignty in the context of new global capitalism.
Non-equilibrium dissipative supramolecular materials with a tunable lifetime
Authors: Tena-Solsona Marta , Rieß Benedikt , Grötsch Raphael K. , Löhrer Franziska C. , Wanzke Caren , Käsdorf Benjamin , Bausch Andreas R. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Lieleg Oliver , Boekhoven Job 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany biological materials exist in non-equilibrium states driven by the irreversible consumption of high-energy molecules like ATP or GTP. These energy-dissipating structures are governed by kinetics and are thus endowed with unique properties including spatiotemporal control over their presence. Here we show man-made equivalents of materials driven by the consumption of high-energy molecules and explore their unique properties. A chemical reaction network converts dicarboxylates into metastable anhydrides driven by the irreversible consumption of carbodiimide fuels. The anhydrides hydrolyse rapidly to the original dicarboxylates and are designed to assemble into hydrophobic colloids, hydrogels or inks. The spatiotemporal control over the formation and degradation of materials allows for the development of colloids that release hydrophobic contents in a predictable fashion, temporary self-erasing inks and transient hydrogels. Moreover, we show that each material can be re-used for several cycles.
Non-canonical NOTCH3 signalling limits tumour angiogenesis
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Negulescu Ana , Bulusu Sirisha , Gibert Benjamin , Delcros Jean-Guy , Ducarouge Benjamin , Rama Nicolas , Gadot Nicolas , Treilleux Isabelle , Saintigny Pierre , Meurette Olivier , Mehlen Patrick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNotch signalling is a causal determinant of cancer and efforts have been made to develop targeted therapies to inhibit the so-called canonical pathway. Here we describe an unexpected pro-apoptotic role of Notch3 in regulating tumour angiogenesis independently of the Notch canonical pathway. The Notch3 ligand Jagged-1 is upregulated in a fraction of human cancer and our data support the view that Jagged-1, produced by cancer cells, is inhibiting the apoptosis induced by the aberrant Notch3 expression in tumour vasculature. We thus present Notch3 as a dependence receptor inducing endothelial cell death while this pro-apoptotic activity is blocked by Jagged-1. Along this line, using Notch3 mutant mice, we demonstrate that tumour growth and angiogenesis are increased when Notch3 is silenced in the stroma. Consequently, we show that the well-documented anti-tumour effect mediated by γ-secretase inhibition is at least in part dependent on the apoptosis triggered by Notch3 in endothelial cells.
Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic
Authors: Botigué Laura R. , Song Shiya , Scheu Amelie , Gopalan Shyamalika , Pendleton Amanda L. , Oetjens Matthew , Taravella Angela M. , Seregély Timo , Zeeb-Lanz Andrea , Arbogast Rose-Marie , Bobo Dean , Daly Kevin , Unterländer Martina , Burger Joachim , Kidd Jeffrey M. , Veeramah Krishna R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEurope has played a major role in dog evolution, harbouring the oldest uncontested Palaeolithic remains and having been the centre of modern dog breed creation. Here we sequence the genomes of an Early and End Neolithic dog from Germany, including a sample associated with an early European farming community. Both dogs demonstrate continuity with each other and predominantly share ancestry with modern European dogs, contradicting a previously suggested Late Neolithic population replacement. We find no genetic evidence to support the recent hypothesis proposing dual origins of dog domestication. By calibrating the mutation rate using our oldest dog, we narrow the timing of dog domestication to 20,000–40,000 years ago. Interestingly, we do not observe the extreme copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene characteristic of modern dogs that has previously been proposed as an adaptation to a starch-rich diet driven by the widespread adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic.
Physical limits to biomechanical sensing in disordered fibre networks
Authors: Beroz Farzan , Jawerth Louise M. , Münster Stefan , Weitz David A. , Broedersz Chase P. , Wingreen Ned S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCells actively probe and respond to the stiffness of their surroundings. Since mechanosensory cells in connective tissue are surrounded by a disordered network of biopolymers, their in vivo mechanical environment can be extremely heterogeneous. Here we investigate how this heterogeneity impacts mechanosensing by modelling the cell as an idealized local stiffness sensor inside a disordered fibre network. For all types of networks we study, including experimentally-imaged collagen and fibrin architectures, we find that measurements applied at different points yield a strikingly broad range of local stiffnesses, spanning roughly two decades. We verify via simulations and scaling arguments that this broad range of local stiffnesses is a generic property of disordered fibre networks. Finally, we show that to obtain optimal, reliable estimates of global tissue stiffness, a cell must adjust its size, shape, and position to integrate multiple stiffness measurements over extended regions of space.
Bivariate genome-wide association meta-analysis of pediatric musculoskeletal traits reveals pleiotropic effects at the SREBF1/TOM1L2 locus
Authors: Medina-Gomez Carolina , Kemp John P. , Dimou Niki L. , Kreiner Eskil , Chesi Alessandra , Zemel Babette S. , Bønnelykke Klaus , Boer Cindy G. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Bisgaard Hans , Evangelou Evangelos , Heppe Denise H. M. , Bonewald Lynda F. , Gorski Jeffrey P. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Demissie Serkalem , Duque Gustavo , Maurano Matthew T. , Kiel Douglas P. , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , C.J. van der Eerden Bram , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl , Reppe Sjur , Gautvik Kaare M. , Raastad Truls , Karasik David , van de Peppel Jeroen , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Uitterlinden André G. , Tobias Jonathan H. , Grant Struan F.A. , Bagos Pantelis G. , Evans David M. , Rivadeneira Fernando 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBone mineral density is known to be a heritable, polygenic trait whereas genetic variants contributing to lean mass variation remain largely unknown. We estimated the shared SNP heritability and performed a bivariate GWAS meta-analysis of total-body lean mass (TB-LM) and total-body less head bone mineral density (TBLH-BMD) regions in 10,414 children. The estimated SNP heritability is 43% (95% CI: 34–52%) for TBLH-BMD, and 39% (95% CI: 30–48%) for TB-LM, with a shared genetic component of 43% (95% CI: 29–56%). We identify variants with pleiotropic effects in eight loci, including seven established bone mineral density loci: WNT4, GALNT3, MEPE, CPED1/WNT16, TNFSF11, RIN3, and PPP6R3/LRP5. Variants in the TOM1L2/SREBF1 locus exert opposing effects TB-LM and TBLH-BMD, and have a stronger association with the former trait. We show that SREBF1 is expressed in murine and human osteoblasts, as well as in human muscle tissue. This is the first bivariate GWAS meta-analysis to demonstrate genetic factors with pleiotropic effects on bone mineral density and lean mass.