bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation among Consent Forms for Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Fowler Sara A. , Saunders Carol J. , Hoffman Mark A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study was to explore variation among informed consent documents for clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) in order to identify the level of consistency with the recommendations from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (Bioethics Commission) regarding informed consent for clinical WES. Recommendations were organized into a framework of key points for analysis. Content analysis was conducted on a sample of informed consent documents for clinical WES downloaded from 18 laboratory websites. We observed considerable variability in the content of informed consent documents among the sample of 18 laboratories. The mean Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level, a measure of readability, of the consent forms was 10.8, above the recommended 8th grade level. For each of the individual ACMG and Bioethics Commission recommendations, the frequency of inclusion ranged from 11% to 100%. For the overall list of 18 consent items, inclusion ranged from 11 to 17 items (Mean = 13.44, Mode = 14). This analysis will be useful to laboratories that wish to create informed consent documents that comply with these recommendations. The consistent use of standardized informed consent process could improve communication between clinicians and patients and increase understanding of genetic testing.
Uptake of Predictive Genetic Testing and Cardiac Evaluation for Children at Risk for an Inherited Arrhythmia or Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christian Susan , Atallah Joseph , Clegg Robin , Giuffre Michael , Huculak Cathleen , Dzwiniel Tara , Parboosingh Jillian , Taylor Sherryl , Somerville Martin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPredictive genetic testing in minors should be considered when clinical intervention is available. Children who carry a pathogenic variant for an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy require regular cardiac screening and may be prescribed medication and/or be told to modify their physical activity. Medical genetics and pediatric cardiology charts were reviewed to identify factors associated with uptake of genetic testing and cardiac evaluation for children at risk for long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The data collected included genetic diagnosis, clinical symptoms in the carrier parent, number of children under 18 years of age, age of children, family history of sudden cardiac arrest/death, uptake of cardiac evaluation and if evaluated, phenotype for each child. We identified 97 at risk children from 58 families found to carry a pathogenic variant for one of these conditions. Sixty six percent of the families pursued genetic testing and 73% underwent cardiac screening when it was recommended. Declining predictive genetic testing was significantly associated with genetic specialist recommendation (p < 0.001) and having an asymptomatic carrier father (p = 0.006). Cardiac evaluation was significantly associated with uptake of genetic testing (p = 0.007). This study provides a greater understanding of factors associated with uptake of genetic testing and cardiac evaluation in children at risk of an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy. It also identifies a need to educate families about the importance of cardiac evaluation even in the absence of genetic testing.
Novel strategies halt cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer strips
Authors: Hu Chun‐Song , Wu Qing‐Hua , Hu Da‐Yi , Tkebuchava Tengiz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article, we introduce briefly several strategies for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and promoting healthcare for non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). These novel strategies include four core elements of health – sleep, emotion, exercise, and diet – and consist of SEED intervention (SEEDi) and E(e)SEEDi due to supplementation of the environment as a core element, and Hu's healthy lifestyles intervention (HHLi) which originates from E(e)SEED‐BasED healthy lifestyles. They are suitable for the early evaluation of risk factors, and play a key role in the prevention and management of human NCDs when combined with the RT‐ABCDEF strategy and the Grade 210 prevention, which include obesity‐OSA‐hypertension syndrome and C‐type hypertension, especially in halting cardiovascular, diabetes and cancer (CDC) strips we first discovered. After successful clinical practice, we may expect our novel strategies for controlling these chronic diseases according to the conception of mass prevention and treatment.
Judicial Trends in Child Custody Cases in Bangladesh: Traditional Islamic Law Rules versus Welfare Considerations
Authors: YASMIN Taslima 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Bangladesh, disputes over custody and guardianship involving Muslim parties are principally governed by Muslim personal law. There remains a constant dilemma in judicial decisions over custody and guardianship matters as to what should be the paramount consideration in awarding child custody to a party – should traditional Muslim personal law rules or the welfare of the child prevail? The findings of this study indicate that there is a steady but inconsistent trend towards child welfare considerations. However, it cannot conclusively be said that a child’s welfare is now themostdominant, or theonlyconsideration for the courts. Focusing on this shift towards a welfare approach, this article critically examines some of the leading reported judgments of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh on the issue.
Longitudinal study of parasite-induced mortality of a long-lived host: the importance of exposure to non-parasitic stressors
Authors: CHIN HILARY M.-H. , LUONG LIEN T. , SHOSTAK ALLEN W. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYHosts face mortality from parasitic and environmental stressors, but interactions of parasitism with other stressors are not well understood, particularly for long-lived hosts. We monitored survival of flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) in a longitudinal design incorporating cestode (Hymenolepis diminuta) infection, starvation and exposure to the pesticide diatomaceous earth (DE). We found that cestode cysticercoids exhibit increasing morphological damage and decreasing ability to excyst over time, but were never eliminated from the host. In the presence of even mild environmental stressors, host lifespan was reduced sufficiently that extensive degradation of cysticercoids was never realized. Median host lifespan was 200 days in the absence of stressors, and 3–197 days with parasitism, starvation and/or DE. Early survival of parasitized hosts was higher relative to controls in the presence of intermediate concentrations of DE, but reduced under all other conditions tested. Parasitism increased host mortality in the presence of other stressors at times when parasitism alone did not cause mortality, consistent with an interpretation of synergy. Environmental stressors modified the parasite numbers needed to reveal intensity-dependent host mortality, but only rarely masked intensity dependence. The longitudinal approach produced observations that would have been overlooked or misinterpreted if survival had only been monitored at a single time point.
Formation of periodic magnetic field structures in overdense plasmas
Authors: Kuri Deep Kumar , Das Nilakshi , Patel Kartik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe role played by the angle of incidence of a short pulse laser in the generation of magnetic field via Weibel instability from overdense plasmas is investigated with the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The simulations have been done for different cases by varying the angle of incidence. When the laser pulse is incident normally (θ = 0°), it gets self-focused at a very short distance and the axial intensity rises up to several times the fundamental laser intensity. Strong current filamentation is observed, which causes the generation of high magnetic fields across the current filament. When the laser is incident obliquely at θ = 30° and 60°, periodic density ripple-like structures are formed on the plasma surface which is due to emission of energetic electron jets caused by vacuum heating. The periodic structures carry forward and return currents, which results in the formation of periodic magnetic field structures having strong magnetic fields. At θ = 60°, the inter spacing distance coincides with the incident laser wavelength. The magnetic energy is found to be highest in case of normal incidence, which is due to strong current filamentation. The filamentation becomes weaker as the angle of incidence is increased.
Longitudinal Assessment of Self- and Informant-Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Sample of Healthy Late-Middle Aged Adults Enriched with a Family History of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Nicholas Christopher R. , Dowling N. Maritza , Racine Annie M. , Clark Lindsay R. , Berman Sara E. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Asthana Sanjay , Hermann Bruce , Sager Mark A. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal trajectory of self- and informant-subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), and to determine if SCC predict longitudinal changes in objective measures (OM) of cognitive function. Methods: The study included healthy and cognitively normal late middle-aged adults enriched with a family history of AD who were evaluated at up to three visits over a 4-year period. At each visit (Visit 1–3), self- and informant-SCC and OM were evaluated. Linear mixed models were used to determine if the longitudinal rate of change of self- and informant-SCC were associated with demographic variables, depressive symptoms, family history (FH), and apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status. The same modeling approach was used to examine the effect of Visit 1 SCC on longitudinal cognitive change after controlling for the same variables. Results: At Visit 1, more self-SCC were associated with fewer years of education and more depressive symptoms. SCC were also associated with poorer performance on cognitive measures, such that more self-SCC at Visit 1 were associated with poorer performance on memory and executive functioning measures at Visit 1, while more informant-SCC were associated with faster rate of longitudinal decline on a measure of episodic learning and memory. FH and APOE4 status were not associated with SCC. Discussion: Self- and informant-SCC showed an association with OM, albeit over different time frames in our late middle-aged sample. Additional longitudinal follow-up will likely assist in further clarifying these relationships as our sample ages and more pronounced cognitive changes eventually emerge. (JINS, 2017, 23, 617–626)
Palliative care education in Latin America: A systematic review of training programs for healthcare professionals
Authors: Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Mertnoff Rosa , Lasmarias Cristina , Gómez-Batiste Xavier 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:The integration of palliative care (PC) education into medical and nursing curricula has been identified as an international priority. PC education has undergone significant development in Latin America, but gaps in the integration of PC courses into undergraduate and postgraduate curricula remain. The aim of our review was to systematically examine the delivery of PC education in Latin America in order to explore the content and method of delivery of current PC programs, identify gaps in the availability of education opportunities, and document common barriers encountered in the course of their implementation.Method:We carried out a systematic review of peer-reviewed academic articles and grey literature. Peer-reviewed articles were obtained from the following databases: CINAHL Plus, Embase, the Web of Science, and Medline. Grey literature was obtained from the following directories: the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care's Global Directory of Education in Palliative Care, the Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance's lists of palliative care resources, the Latin American Association for Palliative Care's training resources, and the Latin American Atlas of Palliative Care. The inclusion criteria were that the work: (1) focused on describing PC courses; (2) was aimed at healthcare professionals; and (3) was implemented in Latin America. The PRISMA checklist was employed to guide the reporting of methods and findings.Results:We found 36 programs that were delivered in 8 countries. Most of the programs were composed of interdisciplinary teams, taught at a postgraduate level, focused on pain and symptom management, and utilized classroom-based methods. The tools for evaluating the courses were rarely reported. The main barriers during implementation included: a lack of recognition of the importance of PC education, a lack of funding, and the unavailability of trained teaching staff.Significance of results:Considerable work needs to be done to improve the delivery of PC education programs in Latin American countries. Practice-based methods and exposure to clinical settings should be integrated into ongoing courses to facilitate learning. A regional platform needs to be created to share experiences of successful training programs and foster the development of PC education throughout Latin America.
Linked colour imaging benefits the endoscopic diagnosis of distal gastric diseases
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Bi Yiliang , Dong Tenghui , Min Min , Shen Wei , Xu Yang , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGastric diseases are common in China, and gastroduodenoscopy could provide accurate diagnoses. Our previous study verified that linked colour imaging (LCI) can improve endoscopic diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed for the first time to establish an LCI-based endoscopic model called colour-microstructure-vessel (CMV) criteria and validated its clinical feasibility for detecting distal gastric diseases manifested as red mucosal lesions under endoscopy in a cohort of 62 patients. Colour features were extracted from the endoscopic images and categorized into 3 types. Colour type 1 was a typical red; Colour type 2 was red ringed with purple and Colour type 3 was red with yellow in the centre and purple around the periphery, allowing for predicting chronic nonatrophic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of Colour type 3 with abnormal M or V for gastric cancer were 100.0%, 98.2% and 98.2%. The kappa values for intra-observer and inter-observer agreement for predicting the pathology were 0.834 and 0.791 for experienced endoscopists and 0.788 and 0.732 for endoscopy learners, and these values were comparable regardless of the experience of the endoscopists (P > 0.05). These findings support that the CMV criteria are a promising model for accurate endoscopic diagnosis.
Cumulative Dynamics of Independent Information Spreading Behaviour: A Physical Perspective
Authors: Zhou Cangqi , Zhao Qianchuan , Lu Wenbo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe popularization of information spreading in online social networks facilitates daily communication among people. Although much work has been done to study the effect of interactions among people on spreading, there is less work that considers the pattern of spreading behaviour when people independently make their decisions. By comparing microblogging, an important medium for information spreading, with the disordered spin glass system, we find that there exist interesting corresponding relationships between them. And the effect of aging can be observed in both systems. Based on the analogy with the Trap Model of spin glasses, we derive a model with a unified power-function form for the growth of independent spreading activities. Our model takes several key factors into consideration, including memory effect, the dynamics of human interest, and the fact that older messages are more difficult to discover. We validate our model by a real-world microblogging data set. Our work indicates that, other than various features, some invariable rules should be considered during spreading prediction. This work also contributes a useful methodology for studying human dynamics.
Physical mechanism of δ-δ′-ε phase stability in plutonium
Authors: Li Chun-Mei , Johansson Börje , Vitos Levente 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on first-principle calculations, we have systematically explored the nature of the elastic stability and the δ-δ′-ε phase transitions in pure Pu at high temperature. It is found that, both the electron-phonon coupling and the spin fluctuation effects tend to decrease the tetragonal elastic constant (C′) of δ-Pu, accounting for its anomalous softening at high temperature. The lattice thermal expansion together with the electron-phonon coupling can stiffen C′ of ε-Pu, promoting its mechanical stability at high temperature. The δ-ε transition is calculated to take place around 750–800 K, and is dominated by the phonon vibration. The δ′ intermediate phase is realized around 750 K mainly because of the thermal spin fluctuation.
Interturn short diagnosis in small transformers through impulse injection: on‐line on‐load self‐impedance transfer function approach
Authors: Rajamani Rajesh , Rajappa Muthaiah , Arunachalam Kamalaselvan , Madanmohan Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2017

Electrical shorts in transformers on load can be diagnosed by frequency response analysis (FRA) using impulse or sinusoidal sweep signal. At HV laboratory of SASTRA, a low‐voltage impulse based on‐line on‐load FRA (OLOL FRA) was carried out on a single phase 50 Hz, 1 kVA, 240 V/240 V small laboratory transformer while delivering power to lamp load, and the effectiveness in electrical short diagnosis was analysed. For this purpose, some artificial faults were created within one of the windings of the transformer investigated, and the responses of the winding to different frequency components of the impulse voltages were observed before and after introducing these faults. Comparison of the frequency response (impedance) of the winding under normal condition with frequency response under fault condition was made, which clearly indicated that faults had altered the winding impedance for some frequency components of the impulse. This reveals that fault within the winding can be identified and located, by the OLOL FRA technique, through careful comparisons of frequency response. Statistical analysis of transfer function magnitudes with correlation coefficient, standard deviation and absolute sum of logarithmic error has also validated the same.
50 Years of Zweifel Olefination: A Transition-Metal-Free Coupling
Authors: Armstrong Roly , Aggarwal Varinder 
Published: July 2017

The Zweifel olefination is a powerful method for the stereoselective synthesis of alkenes. The reaction proceeds in the absence of a transition-metal catalyst, instead taking place by iodination of vinyl boronate complexes. Pioneering studies into this reaction were reported in 1967 and this short review summarizes developments in the field over the past 50 years. An account of how the Zweifel olefination was modified to enable the coupling of robust and air-stable boronic esters is presented followed by a summary of current state of the art developments in the field, including stereodivergent olefination and alkynylation. Finally, selected applications of the Zweifel olefination in target-oriented synthesis are reviewed.1	Introduction2.1	Zweifel Olefination of Vinyl Boranes2.2	Zweifel Olefination of Vinyl Borinic Esters2.3	Extension to Boronic Esters3.1	Introduction of an Unsubstituted Vinyl Group3.2	Coupling of α-Substituted Vinyl Partners3.3	Syn Elimination4	Zweifel Olefination in Natural Product Synthesis5	Conclusions and Outlook
Die Symptomengesamtheit und anatomische Ursachen von Krankheit – Müssen wir umdenken?
Authors: Patel Ramanlal 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungZur Heilung chronischer Krankheiten heute ist neben der homöopathischen, miasmatologischen Anamnese auch eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung, kombiniert mit technischen Verfahren, erforderlich, um den Sitz der Erkrankung einem oder mehreren Organen zuordnen zu können und in die Mittelwahl miteinzubeziehen. Ein Fallbeispiel zeigt, wie zusätzlich zur Homöopathie nach entsprechender Diagnostik ein Herzschrittmacher gebraucht wurde.
Childhood Vaccination Against Seasonal Influenza to Reduce the Overall Burden of Disease: Ethical Perspectives
Authors: Martakis Kyriakos , Thangavelu Kruthika , Schröder-Bäck Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction Childhood immunisation against seasonal influenza promises to reduce the burden of disease through herd immunity. The option of intranasal vaccination seemed to offer a more acceptable vaccination for children, as they are perceived to be less invasive. Yet, intranasal vaccines have been recently proven not to be as effective as presumed. In Germany, contradictory recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) first, to use and then, in October 2016, not use these vaccines have been issued for the 2016–2017 season, whereas recommendations not to use them were already issued in the USA (CDC, ACIP). This controversy spurs the discussion of immunisation programmes for children again. Despite studies discussing the effectiveness of a comprehensive immunisation programme targeting children also in the German and wider European context, an accompanying ethical discussion is missing.
Methodology We discuss several policy options from different key ethical perspectives that are widely used in public health: if seasonal influenza vaccination should be intensively offered to or even made mandatory for children to decrease the societal burden of the disease.
Results Various ethical perspectives reflect the question how to balance individual autonomy, personal benefit and population benefit differently.
Discussion A convincing justification for suggestions on immunisation policies has to balance norms anchored in different ethical theories. There are good reasons to offer immunisation programmes against seasonal influenza to children, using a voluntary, possibly incentive-based approach.
Behavioral self-organization underlies the resilience of a coastal ecosystem
Authors: de Paoli Hélène , van der Heide Tjisse , van den Berg Aniek , Silliman Brian R. , Herman Peter M. J. , van de Koppel Johan 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Theoretical models suggest that spatial self-organization enhances the resistance of ecosystems to disturbance. However, experiments investigating this important prediction are lacking. Our paper provides clear experimental evidence that spatial self-organization profoundly increases the ability of ecosystems to persist in the face of disturbance. The mechanisms underlying this positive impact of self-organization are driven by the combination of ecological and behavioral processes. Specifically, large-scale banded patterns in mussel beds created by ecological feedback processes facilitate fast behavioral aggregation of individual mussels into clumps, in turn improving mussel survival. Our study emphasizes the potential of harnessing spatial self-organization to enhance restoration success and persistence of threatened ecosystems.