bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production
Authors: Beswick-Honn Jessica M. , Peters Thomas M. , Anthony T. Renée 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Direct-reading gas monitors warn workers of the risk of potentially fatal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposures that may arise during manure handling. Low-cost, low-maintenance H2S monitors are available from many manufacturers, but differences in their features and performance make selection challenging for farmers. Moreover, little information is available on the practical maintenance and performance of these devices in agricultural environments. The objective of this study was to provide information to agricultural workers to aid in the selection, maintenance, and use of low-cost H2S monitors. This laboratory study evaluated the performance of several low-cost monitors over a simulated period of use of one year in a swine barn. Four models were exposed to H2S concentrations of 1 to 10 ppm over 18 weeks to examine the drift in reported concentration and changes in the alarm reaction time. Over the simulated barn year, the performance of alarm-only monitors declined faster than that of monitors displaying the H2S concentration. Of concern was the high-level (20 ppm) alarm failures after an equivalent of 139 days (Altair) and 289 days (BW Clip) in a swine barn, well within the monitor’s reported shelf-life. Models displaying concentration exhibited fewer failures but were inaccurate in the displayed concentration when challenged with 20 ppm of H2S. The T40 Rattler provided consistently higher readings (+2.3 ppm), and the Pac 3500 showed consistently lower readings (-3.4 ppm) when challenged with 20 ppm. This study confirms the need for routine bump tests for these low-cost monitors to ensure that the monitor reacts to the presence of H2S, even if the manufacturer does not recommend this procedure. Most importantly, agricultural workers should inspect and bump test these monitors prior to any potentially high-risk activity, such as manure agitation, pumping, or pressure washing, to ensure that the monitor appropriately detects and warns users. Keywords: Calibration, Direct-reading monitors, H2S, Hydrogen sulfide monitors, Manure gas, Safety, Sensors.
Fabrication of ultra-high numerical aperture GeO2-doped fiber and its use for broadband supercontinuum generation
Authors: Harshavardhan Reddy P. , Kir’yanov A. V. , Dhar Anirban , Das Shyamal , Dutta Debjit , Pal Mrinmay , Barmenkov Y. O. , Minguella-Gallardo J. A. , Bhadra Shyamal Kumar , Paul Mukul Chandra 
Published: November 2017

We report the fabrication, characterization, and application (broadband
supercontinuum [SC] generation) of ultra-high numerical-aperture
heavily (50 mol. %)

GeO

2

-doped optical fiber, obtained through a
modified chemical vapor deposition process and rod-in-tube method. The
formation of Ge-related diamagnetic defect centers, such as germanium
oxygen defect centers (GeODC) with nonbridging lone electron pairs,
confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical absorption
studies, inducing hypolarizable local dipoles, may be responsible in
boosting the nonlinear effects and enhancing stimulated Raman
scattering at pumping with high-power pulses, culminating in
generation of broadband SC generation. The SC spans toward the Stokes
side up to 2.4 μm, under the action of ns-range pulses launched from a
smartly

Q

-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with
operation wavelength (1.56 μm) matching the zero-dispersion wavelength
of the high

GeO

2

-doped fiber.
Weight History and Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Ndumele Chiadi E , Cobb Laura , Lazo Mariana , Bello Natalie A , Shah Amil , Nambi Vijay , Blumenthal Roger S , Gerstenblith Gary , Solomon Scott D , Ballantyne Christie M , Selvin Elizabeth , Coresh Josef 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Excess weight is associated with subclinical myocardial damage, as reflected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations, which portends high heart failure risk. However, the association between weight history and myocardial damage is unknown.

METHODS
We evaluated 9062 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) visit 4 (1996–1999) participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and no previous cardiovascular disease. We cross-tabulated visit 4 (“current”) BMI categories of normal weight, overweight, and obese with those at visit 1 (1987–1989) and with BMI categories calculated from self-reported weight at age 25 years. Duration of obesity was calculated in years. A cumulative weight measure of “excess BMI-years” was also calculated [product of mean BMI (centered at 25 kg/m2) over all ARIC time points × follow-up duration]. We used logistic regression to estimate associations of weight history metrics with increased hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/L) at visit 4.

RESULTS
Overall, 623 individuals (7%) had increased hs-cTnT at visit 4. Within each current BMI category, previous excess weight was associated with increased hs-cTnT, with the strongest associations for those with past and current obesity [odds ratio (OR), 3.85; 95% CI, 2.51–5.90 for obesity at age 25 years and visit 4]. Each 10-year longer obesity duration was associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17–1.35). Each 100 higher excess BMI-years was also progressively associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14–1.27).

CONCLUSIONS
Previous obesity and greater cumulative weight from young adulthood increase the likelihood of myocardial damage, indicating long-term toxic effects of adiposity on the myocardium and the need for weight maintenance strategies targeting the entire life span.
A GIS-BASED TSUNAMI EVACUATION MODEL CONSIDERING LAND COVER AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION (CASE OF PURWOREJO REGENCY, INDONESIA)
Authors: Hakim Febri Fahmi , De Vries Walter Timo , Siegert Florian , Syahbana Joesron Alie 
Published: November 2017

In Indonesia, several programs have dealt with tsunami mitigation, such as The German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) project (2005-2011). Despite the success of these projects, many coastal areas in Indonesia are still vulnerable to tsunamis, due to the variety of land cover and spatial configuration characteristics. One of such vulnerable areas includes Purworejo Regency. This paper evaluated the degree to which land cover and spatial configuration characteristics influence the tsunami evacuation process, and thus influence tsunami hazard mitigation. The evaluation drawn on data from a low to medium density populated coastal area of Purworejo Regency. The analysis relied on a quantitative approach, using a cross-sectional field survey, followed by a GIS-based analysis. This is complemented by a raster-based analysis to incorporate the land cover and spatial configuration aspects. The combined analysis derived which buildings could act as evacuation buildings in case of a tsunami. The associated tsunami evacuation routes were calculated using a Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis method. The results suggested that several public facility buildings are likely to be used as tsunami evacuation buildings. Yet, even though the overall capacity of these buildings is adequate to accommodate the estimated number of evacuees in a larger area, the specific demand at certain locations in the study area is much higher than these localities can handle. This disproportionate spatial variation in required capacity needs further attention. Moreover, the survey responses indicated that the majority of the respondents was not well informed regarding the tsunami evacuation procedures
Are Cocaine-Seeking “Habits” Necessary for the Development of Addiction-Like Behavior in Rats?
Authors: Singer Bryan F. , Fadanelli Monica , Kawa Alex B. , Robinson Terry E. 
Published: November 2017

Drug self-administration models of addiction typically require animals to make the same response (e.g., a lever-press or nose-poke) over and over to procure and take drugs. By their design, such procedures often produce behavior controlled by stimulus–response (S-R) habits. This has supported the notion of addiction as a “drug habit,” and has led to considerable advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of such behavior. However, to procure such drugs as cocaine, addicts often require considerable ingenuity and flexibility in seeking behavior, which, by definition, precludes the development of habits. To better model drug-seeking behavior in addicts, we first developed a novel cocaine self-administration procedure [puzzle self-administration procedure (PSAP)] that required rats to solve a new puzzle every day to gain access to cocaine, which they then self-administered on an intermittent access (IntA) schedule. Such daily problem-solving precluded the development of S-R seeking habits. We then asked whether prolonged PSAP/IntA experience would nevertheless produce “symptoms of addiction.” It did, including escalation of intake, sensitized motivation for drug, continued drug use in the face of adverse consequences, and very robust cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, especially in a subset of “addiction-prone” rats. Furthermore, drug-seeking behavior continued to require dopamine neurotransmission in the core of the nucleus accumbens (but not the dorsolateral striatum). We conclude that the development of S-R seeking habits is not necessary for the development of cocaine addiction-like behavior in rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubstance-use disorders are often characterized as “habitual” behaviors aimed at obtaining and administering drugs. Although the actions involved in consuming drugs may involve a rigid repertoire of habitual behaviors, evidence suggests that addicts must be very creative and flexible when trying to procure drugs, and thus drug seeking cannot be governed by habit alone. We modeled flexible drug-seeking behavior in rats by requiring animals to solve daily puzzles to gain access to cocaine. We find that habitual drug-seeking isn't necessary for the development of addiction-like behavior, and that our procedure doesn't result in transfer of dopaminergic control from the ventral to dorsal striatum. This approach may prove useful in studying changes in neuropsychological function that promote the transition to addiction.
The Spread of an Inversion with Migration and Selection
Authors: Charlesworth Brian , Barton Nicholas H 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We re-examine the model of Kirkpatrick and Barton for the spread of an inversion into a local population. This model assumes that local selection maintains alleles at two or more loci, despite immigration of alternative alleles at these loci from another population. We show that an inversion is favored because it prevents the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium generated by migration; the selective advantage of an inversion is dependent on the amount of recombination between the loci involved, as in other cases where inversions are selected for as a result of their effects on recombination. We derive expressions for the rate of spread of an inversion; when the loci covered by the inversion are tightly linked, these conditions deviate substantially from those proposed previously, and imply that an inversion can then have only a small advantage.
Physical and Sexual Dating Violence and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs
Authors: Clayton Heather B. , Lowry Richard , Basile Kathleen C. , Demissie Zewditu , Bohm Michele K. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Little information is available on the associations between nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and dating violence victimization (DVV) among high school students and how associations vary by sex.

METHODS:
We used data from the 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 to 12. The sample was restricted to students who dated during the 12 months before the survey, resulting in a sample of 5136 boys and 5307 girls. Sex-stratified logistic regression models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between lifetime NMUPD and DVV. In our analyses, we examined a 4-level DVV measure: no DVV, physical only, sexual only, and both physical and sexual.

RESULTS:
Male students had a significantly lower prevalence of DVV compared with female students. By using the 4-level measure of DVV, after adjusting for covariates, sexual DVV only (aPR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.12) and both physical and sexual DVV (aPR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.26–2.17) were positively associated with NUMPD among boys, whereas among girls, physical DVV only (aPR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.16–1.75) and both physical and sexual DVV (aPR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03–1.99) were positively associated with NMUPD.

CONCLUSIONS:
NMUPD was associated with experiences of DVV among both male and female students. Community- or school-based adolescent violence and substance use prevention efforts would be enhanced by considering the association between DVV and substance use, particularly NMUPD among both male and female adolescents, to address these public health problems.
Determinação do índice glicêmico e da carga glicêmica de dietas hospitalares servidas para diabéticos
Authors: Lemos Karenn Haubricht , Patek Thays Caroline , Mezzomo Thais Regina 
Published: November 2017

***Determination of glycemic index and glycemic load of hospital diets served for diabetics*** AIMS: To determine the glycemic index and the glycemic load of diets usually offered by hospitals to patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated menus served to diabetic inpatients of hospitals in the city of Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Analyzing the menus, we determined the energy content, macronutrients, glycemic index and glycemic load of the meals offered to the patients. RESULTS: Five general hospitals of the city participated in the study and 10 menus for diabetes were evaluated. The structure of the menus was different mainly in the quantitative supply of fruits and milk. Diets ranged from 1317.6 to 2013.2 kcal, with 18.9 to 27.6% of proteins, 21.9 to 29.4% of lipids, 48.2 to 53.3% of carbohydrates and 24.7 to 33.6 g of fibers. Daily glycemic index ranged from 47 to 57% and daily glycemic load from 81 to 109%. CONCLUSIONS: All offered diets were hyperproteic, normolipid and normoglicidic. However, inadequate levels of glycemic load were observed in all the evaluated menus, although with adequate levels of glycemic index. It is necessary to review the diet plans elaborated for diabetics, aiming at the best dietary treatment for this population.
Csontanyagcsere felnőtt phenylketonuriás pácienseknél – hazai adatok
Authors: Barta András Gellért , Sumánszki Csaba , Reismann Péter 
Published: November 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Patients with phenylketonuria have lower bone mineral density compared to healthy people, however, the ethiology of these alterations is not clear. Hungarian data were missing in this topic. Aim: The main aim of our study was to survey the correlation between metabolic control and change of bone mineral density in early treated Hungarian adult patients with phenylketonuria. Method: In this monocentric study bone mineral density of 59 adult PKU patients have been repeatedly measured in a 4-year interval using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Two subgroups have been established based on average blood phenylalanine levels. The correlation between the change in bone mineral density and average phenylalanine, tyrosine concentrations have been determined while initial bone mineral density and change have also been examined in the subgroups. Results: Mean phenylalanine concentration was 614 (182–1222) micromol/L, whereas mean tyrosine concentration was 49 (24–99) micromol/L and the calculated ratio was 16 (4,5–35). Three patients have had severely decreased bone mineral density in either localisation while 22 have had mild decrease. Low bone mineral density compared to cronological age has been found by 9 patient. The mean change was +0.0380 (–0.1550–0.7800) g/cm2 in femur, and +0.0120 (–0.57300–0.3130) g/cm2 in the lumbar spine. There was a correlation in the change in Z-score neither with mean phenylalanine nor with tyrosine concentration. Conclusions: Bone mineral density was not changed and hardly influenced by the metabolic control in early-treated young adult phenylketonuria patients in a few years interval. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1868–1872.
Williams–Beuren-szindróma (Williams-szindróma)
Authors: Miklós Györgyi , Fekete György , Haltrich Irén , Tóth Miklós , Reismann Péter 
Published: November 2017

Abstract: Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, that occurs equally in all ethnic groups and both sexes. The diagnosis might be missed during childhood in mild cases. However, establishing the diagnosis is important, not only to find the cause of intellectual disability but to look for cardiovascular, endocrine, psychiatry, urology and other conditions, which can occur at any age in the patients’ lifetime. This case report presents the story of 47-year-old woman, who was admitted with haematemesis. During her stay on the ward, in the light of the distinctive facial features, mental retardation, and social behaviour patterns, the possibility of Williams syndrome emerged. Later, the diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis. This female is the oldest living patient with Williams syndrome in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1883–1888.
Оптимізація сумарної вартості теплового захисту приміщень та кліматичного обладнання
Authors: Жихарєва Н.В. , Хмельнюк М.Г. 
Published: November 2017

Розроблено та обґрунтовано цільову функцію спільної оптимізації сумарної величини капітальних і експлуатаційних витрат на тепловий захист приміщень і кліматичне енергозберігаюче обладнання протягом терміну їх експлуатації. Наведена цільова функція є різницею початкових додаткових інвестицій в енергозберігаюче обладнання і додатковий тепловий захист та економії за 7 років експлуатації, отриманої від цього обладнання і посилення теплового захисту. Для практичного рішення задачі оптимізації в обчислювальному середовищі Mathcad розроблено програму математичного моделювання кліматичного режиму об'єкта, яка дозволяє за короткий відрізок часу при невеликих витратах отримати значення цільової функції для варіантів комплектів обладнання спільно з варіантами теплового опору огороджень за час нормативного терміну експлуатації. В результаті були отримані терміни окупності варіантів енергозберігаючого обладнання і величини економії, отриманої після досягнення моменту окупності до закінчення нормативного терміну. За результатами додаткового математичного моделювання, з урахуванням фактичних витрат енергії за перший рік роботи, можуть бути прийняті рекомендації, наприклад, щодо встановлення додаткового енергозберігаючого обладнання, посилення теплоізоляції огороджень, скорочення періоду між чистками фільтра та інш.
Талая облегченная питьевая вода, соли, тяжелая вода – из вымораживающего опреснителя разделителя со «своей» электростанцией
Authors: Смирнов Л.Ф. 
Published: November 2017

Предлагается проект вымораживающего опреснителя-разделителя (ВОР), в котором исходный рассол (как пример – йодо-бромный 5%-ный) опресняется насухо – без вывода концентрата, загрязняющего окружающую среду. Соли разделяют путем использования различия параметров эвтектических точек (температур и концентраций кристаллизации) и выводят в сухом виде покомпонентно. Отмытый от рассола лед используют для производства талой облегченной от тяжелых изотопов водорода питьевой воды высокого качества и попутного концентрирования тяжелой воды в ректификационной колонне. Электроэнергией ВОР обеспечивает «своя» автономная электростанция, использующая суточную и сезонную разность температур природных тепловых источников (воздуха, воды) и солнечную энергию.
Enhancing Next-Generation Sequencing-Guided Cancer Care Through Cognitive Computing
Authors: Patel Nirali M. , Michelini Vanessa V. , Snell Jeff M. , Balu Saianand , Hoyle Alan P. , Parker Joel S. , Hayward Michele C. , Eberhard David A. , Salazar Ashley H. , McNeillie Patrick , Xu Jia , Huettner Claudia S. , Koyama Takahiko , Utro Filippo , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Norel Raquel , Bilal Erhan , Royyuru Ajay , Parida Laxmi , Earp H. Shelton , Grilley-Olson Juneko E. , Hayes D. Neil , Harvey Stephen J. , Sharpless Norman E. , Kim William Y. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to guide cancer therapy has created challenges in analyzing and reporting large volumes of genomic data to patients and caregivers. Specifically, providing current, accurate information on newly approved therapies and open clinical trials requires considerable manual curation performed mainly by human “molecular tumor boards” (MTBs). The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of cognitive computing as performed by Watson for Genomics (WfG) compared with a human MTB.

Materials and Methods
One thousand eighteen patient cases that previously underwent targeted exon sequencing at the University of North Carolina (UNC) and subsequent analysis by the UNCseq informatics pipeline and the UNC MTB between November 7, 2011, and May 12, 2015, were analyzed with WfG, a cognitive computing technology for genomic analysis.

Results
Using a WfG-curated actionable gene list, we identified additional genomic events of potential significance (not discovered by traditional MTB curation) in 323 (32%) patients. The majority of these additional genomic events were considered actionable based upon their ability to qualify patients for biomarker-selected clinical trials. Indeed, the opening of a relevant clinical trial within 1 month prior to WfG analysis provided the rationale for identification of a new actionable event in nearly a quarter of the 323 patients. This automated analysis took &lt;3 minutes per case.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that the interpretation and actionability of somatic NGS results are evolving too rapidly to rely solely on human curation. Molecular tumor boards empowered by cognitive computing could potentially improve patient care by providing a rapid, comprehensive approach for data analysis and consideration of up-to-date availability of clinical trials.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study demonstrate that the interpretation and actionability of somatic next-generation sequencing results are evolving too rapidly to rely solely on human curation. Molecular tumor boards empowered by cognitive computing can significantly improve patient care by providing a fast, cost-effective, and comprehensive approach for data analysis in the delivery of precision medicine. Patients and physicians who are considering enrollment in clinical trials may benefit from the support of such tools applied to genomic data.