bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Factors That May Contribute to Secondary Insults With Nursing Interventions in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nyholm Lena , Howells Tim , Enblad Per 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Background: Nursing interventions pose risks and benefits to patients with traumatic brain injury at a neurointensive care unit. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of inducing high intracranial pressure (ICP) related to interventions and whether intracranial compliance, baseline ICP, or autoregulation could be used as predictors. Methods: The study had a quantitative, prospective, observational design. Twenty-eight patients with TBI were included, and 67 interventions were observed. The definition of a secondary ICP insult was ICP of 20 mm Hg or greater for 5 minutes or more within a continuous 10-minute period. Results: Secondary ICP insults related to nursing interventions occurred in 6 patients (21%) and 8 occasions (12%). Patients with baseline ICP of 15 mm Hg or greater had 4.7 times higher risk of developing an insult. The predictor with the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was baseline ICP. Conclusions: Baseline ICP of 15 mm Hg or greater was the most important factor to determine the risk of secondary ICP insult related to nursing intervention.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Mortality Among Women With Incident Breast Cancer Before and After Implementation of Medicare Part D
Authors: Nattinger Ann B. , Wozniak Erica M. , McGinley Emily L. , Li Jianing , Laud Purushottam , Pezzin Liliana E. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Breast cancer patients exhibit survival disparities based on socioeconomic status (SES). Disparities may be attributable to access to expensive oral endocrine agents.

Objectives:
Define recent socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer survival and determine whether these improved after implementation of the Medicare Part D program.

Design:
Difference-in-difference natural experiment of women diagnosed and treated before or after implementation of Medicare Part D.

Subjects:
Female Medicare beneficiaries with early-stage breast cancer: 54,772 diagnosed in 2001 and 46,371 in 2007.

Measures:
SES was based on Medicaid enrollment and zip code per capita income, all-cause mortality from Medicare, and cause of death from National Death Index.

Results:
Among women diagnosed pre-Part D, 40.5% of poor beneficiaries had died within 5 years compared with 20.3% of high-income women (P<0.0001). Post-Part D, 33.6% of poor women and 18.4% of high-income women died by 5 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, improvement in all-cause mortality post-Part D was greater for poorer women compared with more affluent women (P=0.002). However, absolute improvement in breast cancer-specific mortality was 1.8%, 1.2%, and 0.8% (P=0.88 for difference in improvement by SES), respectively for poor, near-poor, and high-income women, whereas analogous improvement in mortality from other causes was 5.1%, 3.8%, and 0.9% (P=0.067 for difference in improvement by SES).

Conclusions:
Large survival disparities by SES exist among breast cancer patients. The Part D program successfully ameliorated SES disparities in all-cause mortality. However, improvement was concentrated in causes of death other than breast cancer, suggesting remaining gaps in care.
Experimental measurements of water molecule binding energies for the second and third solvation shells of [Ca(H
2
O)

n

]
2+
complexes
Authors: Bruzzi E. , Stace A. J. 
Published: January 2017

Further understanding of the biological role of the Ca
2+
ion in an aqueous environment requires quantitative measurements of both the short- and long-range interactions experienced by the ion in an aqueous medium. Here, we present experimental measurements of binding energies for water molecules occupying the second and, quite possibly, the third solvation shell surrounding a central Ca
2+
ion in [Ca(H
2
O)

n

]
2+
complexes. Results for these large, previously inaccessible, complexes have come from the application of finite heat bath theory to kinetic energy measurements following unimolecular decay. Even at
n
= 20, the results show water molecules to be more strongly bound to Ca
2+
than would be expected just from the presence of an extended network of hydrogen bonds. For
n
> 10, there is very good agreement between the experimental binding energies and recently published density functional theory calculations. Comparisons are made with similar data recorded for [Ca(NH
3
)

n

]
2+
and [Ca(CH
3
OH)

n

]
2+
complexes.
Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain
Authors: Takeuchi Tatsuto , Yoshimoto Sanae , Shimada Yasuhiro , Kochiyama Takanori , Kondo Hirohito M. 
Published: January 2017

Recent studies have shown that interindividual variability can be a rich source of information regarding the mechanism of human visual perception. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in the perception of visual motion, one of the fundamental components of visual scene analysis, by measuring neurotransmitter concentrations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. First, by psychophysically examining two types of motion phenomena—motion assimilation and contrast—we found that, following the presentation of the same stimulus, some participants perceived motion assimilation, while others perceived motion contrast. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate–glutamine (Glx) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) was positively correlated with the participant's tendency to motion assimilation over motion contrast; however, this effect was not observed in the visual areas. The concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid had only a weak effect compared with that of Glx. We conclude that excitatory process in the suprasensory area is important for an individual's tendency to determine antagonistically perceived visual motion phenomena.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis'.
Mono-Association withLactobacillus plantarumDisrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in adultDrosophila
Authors: Fast David , Duggal Aashna , Foley Edan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe microbiome ofDrosophilapromotes intestinal stem cell division through evolutionarily conserved biochemical pathways. As such, axenic flies have lower rates of gut stem cell division than age-matched wild type counterparts. Additionally, flies with a full consortium of symbiotic bacteria are shorter lived than those maintained in the absence of a microbiome. However, we do not know if stem cell division is essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of adult fly lifespan. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death inDrosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. In this study, we found that mono-association of adultDrosophilawithLactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont, and member of the probioticLactobacillusgenus, curtails adult longevity relative to germ-free counterparts. However, the effects ofplantarumon lifespan were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association withplantarumcauses an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of intestinal stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial integrity. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect ofLactobacillus plantarum-Drosophilainteractions, and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.
Red Bull Gives You Incentive Motivation: Understanding Placebo Effects of Energy Drinks on Human Cognitive Performance
Authors: Schmidt Liane , Chandon Pierre , Pessiglione Mathias , Plassmann Hilke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe consumption of cognitive enhancers like energy drinks (EnD) is on the rise, but do they really improve cognitive performance, and, if yes, why? We examined two novel psychological mechanisms. First, we dissociated the role of expectations and actual consumption by crossing what people consumed—Red Bull Silver Edition or a similar-tasting Sprite soda—and what they thought they consumed. We found that participants performed better in a numerical Stroop task when they believed that they had consumed an EnD, irrespective of what they had actually consume, Second, we investigated the role of motivation for such a placebo effect of EnD. We found that expected, but not actual, consumption of EnD increased the effects of incentives on cognitive performance. Our results suggest that believing that one consumes an EnD increased participants’ motivation to perform and thus enhanced their performance.Significance statementAcademic doping has become increasingly popular on campuses around the globe over the last years. However, it remains unknown if and how commercially available cognitive enhancers such as energy drinks (EnD) impact cognitive performance. We varied actual and believed consumption of an EnD and measured cognitive performance and its allocation according to the magnitude of points to earn. We found that the belief that one has consumed an EnD but not its actual consumption, increased cognitive performance specifically in high point trials compared to low point trials. These findings provide novel insights into motivational processes underpinning marketing-led expectancy effects, and contribute to the current public policy debate on the use and abuse of increased alertness and concentration claims for EnD.
Twin-rotor hover performance examination using overlap tests
Authors: Shahmiri Farid 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper was to experimentally examine twin-rotor hover performance for different rotor overlap ratios at practical rotor loading.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology was formed based on data measurements for a designed twin-rotor test model and development of hover performance mathematical models. Thus, measurements were made using a central composite test plan, and then mathematical models for thrust power required power loading (PL) and figure of merit (FM) as functions of collective pitch tip speed; rotor overlap ratio was obtained. In the present paper, the test model consisted of two three-bladed rotors with a diameter of 220 mm and a blade aspect ratio of 16.05. The blades were of a rectangular planform with NACA 0012 cross sections and had no twist or taper. The model was built such that the rear rotor was fixed on the fuselage, and the front rotor could move longitudinally for tests up to about 40 per cent overlap ratio in hover.

Findings
The best hover aerodynamic efficiency (maximum PL of 14.6 kg/kW) was achieved for non-overlapped rotors at a low value of disc loading (DL) and also at FM of 0.6 at that DL. This result was in agreement with blade element momentum theory predictions.

Practical implications
Results for the twin-rotor test model can be generalized for actual tandem helicopters through the Reynolds number transformation technique and also some modifications.

Originality/value
Design and construction of the twin-rotor test model and experimental measurements of hover performance based on an optimal test plan were performed for the first time.
Cooperative target localization using multiple UAVs with out-of-sequence measurements
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Qin Wutao , Bai Yuliang , Cui Naigang 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The time delay would occurs when the measurements of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are transmitted to the date processing center during cooperative target localization. This problem is often named as the out-of-sequence measurement (OOSM) problem. This paper aims to present a nonlinear filtering based on solving the Fokker–Planck equation to address the issue of OOSM.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the arrival time of measurement, the proposed nonlinear filtering can be divided into two parts. The non-delay measurement would be fused in the first part, in which the Fokker–Planck equation is utilized to propagate the conditional probability density function in the forward form. The time delay measurement is fused in the second part, in which the Fokker–Planck is used in the backward form approximately. The Bayes formula is applied in both parts during the measurement update.

Findings
Under the Bayesian filtering framework, this nonlinear filtering is not only suitable for the Gaussian noise assumption but also for the non-Gaussian noise assumption. The nonlinear filtering is applied to the cooperative target localization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed filtering algorithm is superior to the previous Y algorithm.

Practical implications
In this paper, the research shows that a better performance can be obtained by fusing multiple UAV measurements and treating time delay in measurement with the proposed algorithm.

Originality/value
In this paper, the OOSM problem is settled based on solving the Fokker–Planck equation. Generally, the Fokker–Planck equation can be used to predict the probability density forward in time. However, to associate the current state with the state related to OOSM, it would be used to propagate the probability density backward either.
Experimental experience of cold starting a spark ignition UAV engine using low volatility fuel
Authors: Hooper Peter 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present results of practical experience of cold starting a gasoline engine on low volatility fuel suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) deployment.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimental research and development is carried out via dynamometer testing of systems capable of achieving cold start of a spark ignition UAV engine on kerosene JET A-1 fuel.

Findings
Repeatable cold starts have been satisfactorily achieved at ambient temperatures of 5°C. The approximate threshold for warm engine restart has also been established.

Practical implications
For safety and supply logistical reasons, the elimination of the use of gasoline fuel offers major advantages not only for UAVs but also for other internal combustion engine-powered equipment to be operated in military theatres of operation. For gasoline crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engines, this presents development challenges in terms of modification of the lubrication strategy, achieving acceptable performance characteristics and the ability to successfully secure repeatable engine cold start.

Originality/value
The majority of UAVs still operate on gasoline-based fuels. Successful modification to allow low volatility fuel operation would address single fuel policy objectives.
Improved efficiency of an unmanned air vehicle IC engine using computational modelling and experimental verification
Authors: Hooper Peter , Al-Shemmeri Tarik 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present experimental results of gasoline-fuelled engine operation of a crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engine used for unmanned air vehicle (UAV)/unmanned air system application and to cross correlate with computational fluid dynamic modelling results.

Design/methodology/approach
Computational modelling of the engine system was conducted using the WAVE software supported by the experimental research and development via dynamometer testing of a spark ignition UAV engine to construct a validated computational model exploring a range of fuel delivery options.

Findings
Experimental test data and computational simulation have allowed an assessment of the potential advantages of applying direct in-cylinder fuel injection.

Practical implications
The ability to increase system efficiency offers significant advantages in terms of maximising limited resources and extending mission duration capabilities. The computational simulation and validation via experimental test experience provides a means of assessment of possibilities that are costly to explore experimentally and offers added confidence to be able to investigate possibilities for the development of similar future engine designs.

Originality/value
The software code used has not been applied to such crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engines and provides a valuable facility for further simulation of the twin cylinder horizontally opposed design to offer further system optimisation and exploration of future possibilities.
Satellite optical misalignment test procedure subject to theodolites
Authors: Mortazavi Seyed Hossein 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to address the concept and the step-by-step procedure of a high-precision optical alignment test for spacecrafts using digital theodolites. The proposed scheme focuses on the non-contact alignment qualification of spacecraft components during the integration and test phases until the launch event.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed approach is based on the exploitation of the auto-collimation feature of theodolites and several prisms attached to the requested component and satellite configuration. As soon as the misalignment measurement including the difference between the real and desired attitude or position aberration of an instrument is made, the results must be transformed from the component level to the system level for misalignment error identification in the spacecraft dynamic model.

Findings
The paper introduces the main instruments, the defined coordinate systems and the architecture of the optical spacecraft misalignment test. Moreover, the guideline of the test implementation and the resulting data process have been presented carefully.

Research limitations/implications
There is no limitation associated with this method because the procedure is applicable for high-precision typical missions.

Practical implications
This paper describes a fully implementable scheme to examine any possible inaccuracy in mounting of the spacecraft components both in position and orientation. The test can be performed without the need for a huge budget or complicated hardwares.

Originality/value
The contribution of this work revolves around illustrating the context and procedure of the spacecraft misalignment test which has remained unknown in literature despite the frequent implementation in the different satellite projects.
Nonlinear aerodynamics of an unmanned aircraft in wind shear
Authors: Keshmiri Shawn S. , Lan Edward , Hale Richard 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of linear and quasi-steady aerodynamic models of aircraft aerodynamic models when a small unmanned aerial system flies in the presence of strong wind and gust at a high angle of attack and a high sideslip angle.Design/methodology/approachCompatibility analysis were done to improve the quality of recorded flight test data. A robust method called fuzzy logic modeling is used to set up the aerodynamic models. The reduced frequency is used to represent the unsteadiness of the flow field according to Theodorsen’s theory. The work done by the aerodynamic moments on the motions is used as the criteria of stability.FindingsIn portions of flight, aircraft’s stability and control derivatives were unstable and nonlinear functions of airflow angles and angular rates. The roll angle had an important effect on unsteadiness of directional oscillatory damping derivatives. The pilot-induced oscillation and wing rock possibilities were investigated and dismissed so that the lateral directional oscillatory motion was classified as a nonlinear Dutch roll oscillation. Major modeling enhancements or real-time parameter identification are required for the control of a small unmanned aerial system in off-nominal conditions. The robustness tests of all-weather autopilot systems must be done with consideration of sign change.Originality/valueOscillatory damping derivatives were reconstructed using flight test data and the inadequacy of engineering level software in predicting this type of instability observed and demonstrated for a flight in the presence of wind shear and external disturbances.
Design of conventional and neural network based controllers for a single-shaft gas turbine
Authors: Asgari Hamid , Fathi Jegarkandi Mohsen , Chen XiaoQi , Sainudiin Raazesh 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and compare conventional and neural network-based controllers for gas turbines.

Design/methodology/approach
Design of two different controllers is considered. These controllers consist of a NARMA-L2 which is an artificial neural network-based nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA) controller with feedback linearization, and a conventional proportional-integrator-derivative (PID) controller for a low-power aero gas turbine. They are briefly described and their parameters are adjusted and tuned in Simulink-MATLAB environment according to the requirement of the gas turbine system and the control objectives. For this purpose, Simulink and neural network-based modelling is used. Performances of the controllers are explored and compared on the base of design criteria and performance indices.

Findings
It is shown that NARMA-L2, as a neural network-based controller, has a superior performance to PID controller.

Practical implications
This study aims at using artificial intelligence in gas turbine control systems.

Originality/value
This paper provides a novel methodology for control of gas turbines.
Modelling and robust attitude trajectory tracking control of 3-DOF four rotor hover vehicle
Authors: Amin Rooh ul , Li Aijun 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present μ-synthesis-based robust attitude trajectory tracking control of three degree-of-freedom four rotor hover vehicle.

Design/methodology/approach
Comprehensive modelling of hover vehicle is presented, followed by development of uncertainty model. A μ-synthesis-based controller is designed using the DK iteration method that not only handles structured and unstructured uncertainties effectively but also guarantees robust performance. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated through simulations, and the controller is also implemented on experimental platform. Simulation and experimental results validate that μ-synthesis-based robust controller is found effective in: solving robust attitude trajectory tracking problem of multirotor vehicle systems, handling parameter variations and dealing with external disturbances.

Findings
Performance analysis of the proposed controller guarantees robust stability and also ensures robust trajectory tracking performance for nominal system and for 15-20 per cent variations in the system parameters. In addition, the results also ensure robust handling of wind gusts disturbances.

Originality/value
This research addresses the robust performance of hover vehicle’s attitude control subjected to uncertainties and external disturbances using μ-synthesis-based controller. This is the only method so far that guarantees robust stability and performance simultaneously.