bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare‐associated pneumonia with positive respiratory methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus culture: Predictors of the true pathogenicity
Authors: Enomoto Yasunori , Yokomura Koshi , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Ozawa Yuichi , Matsui Takashi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: February 2016

AimAlthough methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is commonly isolated from respiratory specimens in healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP), it is difficult to determine the causative pathogen because of the possibilities of contamination/colonization. The present study aimed to identify clinical predictors of the true pathogenicity of MRSA in HCAP.MethodsPatients with HCAP with positive MRSA cultures in the sputum or endotracheal aspirates who were admitted to Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan, from 2009 to 2014 were enrolled. According to the administered drugs and the treatment outcomes, patients with true MRSA pneumonia (MP) and those with contamination/colonization of MRSA (false MP) were identified. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups, and clinical predictors of true MP were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 93 patients (mean age 78.7 ± 12.6 years) were identified and classified into the true MP (n = 16) or false MP (n = 77) groups. Although baseline characteristics were broadly similar between groups, the true MP group had significantly more patients with PaO2 ≤ 60 Torr/pulse oximetry saturation ≤90% and those with MRSA single cultivation. Both variables were significant predictors of true MP in multivariate analysis (odds ratio of PaO2 ≤ 60 Torr/pulse oximetry saturation ≤90%: 5.64, 95% confidence interval 1.17–27.32; odds ratio of MRSA single cultivation: 4.76, 95% confidence interval 1.22–18.60).ConclusionsPoor oxygenation and MRSA single cultivation imply the true pathogenicity of MRSA in HCAP with positive respiratory MRSA cultures. The present results might be helpful for the proper use of anti‐MRSA drugs in this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 456–462.
Effects of the Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences protocol for caregivers of older adults with dementia: A pilot study in the Brazilian population
Authors: da Silva Serelli Larissa , Reis Ramon Castro , Laks Jerson , de Pádua Analuiza Camozzato , Bottino Cássio MC , Caramelli Paulo 
Published: February 2016

AimTo investigate the effects of the Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences administered to formal caregivers of older adults with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the institutional environment.MethodsThe project was developed in two long‐term care institutions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, with 25 formal caregivers and 46 older adults with dementia. The training was carried out over 6 weeks. Evaluations were carried out with the caregivers and the elderly residents, using specific instruments to evaluate different domains (demographic data, etiological diagnoses of dementia, severity of dementia, global cognition, functional performance, quality of life, behavior, burden of caregiver, depression and anxiety). The total time for data collection was 6 months.ResultsA significant improvement in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, was observed (P < 0.008), with no changes in the other indexes. No significant changes were observed in parameters related to caregivers.ConclusionsThe Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences protocol was effective in reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients, and might be a feasible and positive strategy to train formal caregivers in long‐term care institutions in Brazil. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 449–455.
Efficient sequence‐specific isolation of DNA fragments and chromatin by in vitro enChIP technology using recombinant CRISPR ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Fujita Toshitsugu , Yuno Miyuki , Fujii Hodaka 
Published: February 2016

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is widely used for various biological applications, including genome editing. We developed engineered DNA‐binding molecule‐mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) using CRISPR to isolate target genomic regions from cells for their biochemical characterization. In this study, we developed ‘in vitro enChIP’ using recombinant CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to isolate target genomic regions. in vitro enChIP has the great advantage over conventional enChIP of not requiring expression of CRISPR complexes in cells. We first showed that in vitro enChIP using recombinant CRISPR RNPs can be used to isolate target DNA from mixtures of purified DNA in a sequence‐specific manner. In addition, we showed that this technology can be used to efficiently isolate target genomic regions, while retaining their intracellular molecular interactions, with negligible contamination from irrelevant genomic regions. Thus, in vitro enChIP technology is of potential use for sequence‐specific isolation of DNA, as well as for identification of molecules interacting with genomic regions of interest in vivo in combination with downstream analysis.
A longitudinal evaluation of the Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) campaign for the Philippine crocodile Crocodylus mindorensis in northern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Cureg M. C. , Bagunu A. M. , van Weerd M. , Balbas M. G. , Soler D. , van der Ploeg J. 
Published: February 2016

The Philippine crocodile Crocodylus mindorensis is Critically Endangered and its range is restricted to a few localities in human‐dominated landscapes. Therefore, the survival of this species in the wild depends strongly on the support of local people. Communication and education are prerequisites for successful in situ conservation. Over a 12 year period, the Mabuwaya Foundation distributed posters, calendars and comic books, organized theatre shows, gave school lectures, facilitated community meetings and established a crocodile rearing station/visitor centre to mobilize local support for the conservation of the Philippine crocodile in the northern Sierra Madre in Luzon. This paper documents changes in people's awareness of and attitudes towards the conservation of the Philippine crocodile, and changes in people's behaviour in ten barangays (villages) in the municipality of San Mariano. Most people living in crocodile habitat now know that the Philippine crocodile is protected by law and support the conservation of the species in the wild. Hunting, the destruction of nests and the use of destructive fishing methods have all significantly declined in these areas. As a result of the integrated conservation programme, the Philippine crocodile population is slowly recovering.
Protein profile of basal prostate epithelial progenitor cells—stage‐specific embryonal antigen 4 expressing cells have enhanced regenerative potential in vivo
Authors: Höfner Thomas , Klein Corinna , Eisen Christian , Rigo‐Watermeier Teresa , Haferkamp Axel , Sprick Martin R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe long‐term propagation of basal prostate progenitor cells ex vivo has been very difficult in the past. The development of novel methods to expand prostate progenitor cells in vitro allows determining their cell surface phenotype in greater detail. Mouse (Lin−Sca‐1+ CD49f+ Trop2high‐phenotype) and human (Lin− CD49f+ TROP2high) basal prostate progenitor cells were expanded in vitro. Human and mouse cells were screened using 242 anti‐human or 176 antimouse monoclonal antibodies recognizing the cell surface protein profile. Quantitative expression was evaluated at the single‐cell level using flow cytometry. Differentially expressed cell surface proteins were evaluated in conjunction with the known CD49f+/TROP2high phenotype of basal prostate progenitor cells and characterized by in vivo sandwich‐transplantation experiments using nude mice. The phenotype of basal prostate progenitor cells was determined as CD9+/CD24+/CD29+/CD44+/CD47+/CD49f+/CD104+/CD147+/CD326+/Trop2high of mouse as well as human origin. Our analysis revealed several proteins, such as CD13, Syndecan‐1 and stage‐specific embryonal antigens (SSEAs), as being differentially expressed on murine and human CD49f+ TROP2+ basal prostate progenitor cells. Transplantation experiments suggest that CD49f+ TROP2high SSEA‐4high human prostate basal progenitor cells to be more potent to regenerate prostate tubules in vivo as compared with CD49f+ TROP2high or CD49f+ TROP2high SSEA‐4low cells. Determination of the cell surface protein profile of functionally defined murine and human basal prostate progenitor cells reveals differentially expressed proteins that may change the potency and regenerative function of epithelial progenitor cells within the prostate. SSEA‐4 is a candidate cell surface marker that putatively enables a more accurate identification of the basal PESC lineage.
Effect of platform switching on crestal bone levels around implants in the posterior mandible: 3 years results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rocha Salomão , Wagner Wilfried , Wiltfang Jörg , Nicolau Pedro , Moergel Maximilian , Messias Ana , Behrens Eleonore , Guerra Fernando 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of differences in the clinical performance and crestal bone levels between implants restored with single crowns with platform‐matched or platform‐switched abutments after 3 years.Material and MethodsThe study enrolled adult patients missing two or more adjacent teeth in the posterior mandible with natural teeth mesial to the implant site. Randomization followed open‐flap implant insertion and the corresponding matching or switching healing abutments placed at surgery. Conventional loading was made with cemented crowns. Clinical follow‐up took place annually after loading up to 3 years. Bone level changes were measured in standardized radiographs as the variation in crestal bone from one evaluation to the next.ResultsSixty‐three patients with a total of 135 implants (66 platform matching, 69 platform switching) were analysed. From surgery to 36 months, mean bone loss was 0.28 ± 0.56 mm for the platform‐switching group and 0.68 ± 0.64 mm for the platform‐matching group. A statistically significant difference was found between groups (p = 0.002) with an estimate of 0.39 mm (0.15–0.64, 95% CI) in favour of platform switching.ConclusionsAfter 3 years, platform‐switching restorations showed a significant effect in the preservation of marginal bone levels compared to platform‐matching restorations.
Resin composite plus connective tissue graft to treat single maxillary gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesion: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Queiroz Lucas Araújo , Mathias Ingrid Fernandes , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Silveira Camila Augusto , Bresciani Eduardo , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate clinically, the aesthetics and the patient‐centred parameters after the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesion by connective tissue graft alone or combined with a nanofilled resin composite restoration.MethodsThirty‐six patients presenting one Miller Class I or II gingival recessions and B+ tooth cervical defect were included. The defects were treated by either connective tissue graft (CTG: control group; n = 18) or connective tissue graft plus resin composite restoration (CTG+RC: test group; n = 18).ResultsThe mean percentage of defect coverage was 82.16 ± 16.1% for CTG and 73.84 ± 19.2% for CTG+RC after 1 year (p > 0.05). Both groups presented statistically significant improvements in two aesthetics evaluations. The professional evaluation (MRES) was 7.44 ± 2.3 for the CTG group and 7.52 ± 2.27 for CTG+RC after 1 year, with no significant difference between the groups. The two groups presented significant reduction of dentin sensitivity (DS), it decreased from 94.4% of the sites to 44.4% in the CTG group and from 88.8% to 5.5% in the CTG+RC group.ConclusionsCTG or CTG+RC can successfully treat gingival recession associated with B+ non‐carious cervical lesion, but less sensitivity may be expected with the combined approach (NCT02423473).
Interposition of a connective tissue graft or a collagen matrix to enhance wound stability – an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Burkhardt Rino , Ruiz Magaz Vanessa , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Lang Niklaus P. ,   the Research Group on Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a connective tissue graft (CTG) or a collagen matrix (CM) interpositioned between flaps and non‐shedding hard surfaces on wound stability.Material and MethodsSixty bone dehiscence defects were prepared in five Beagle dogs. Three treatments were performed in 12 sites per dog: (1) repositioned flaps were sutured onto instrumented dentin surfaces (control), (2) repositioning of flaps with an interpositioned CTG and (3) repositioning of flaps with the application of a CM. To allow postoperative healing with n = 5 for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days before evaluation, the sutures were removed, incision lines retraced and tensile forces applied to the flaps. The minimum magnitude of forces required to detach the flaps from the wound bed was recorded.ResultsAfter 1 week of healing, 6 N had to be applied to disrupt flaps from their wound bed in the CTG group. In the control group, a similar magnitude of resistance was achieved after 2 weeks (6.1 N). Flap resistance to tearing was highest in the CTG group (maximum 9.1 N) 2 weeks postoperatively. On the third postoperative day, the mean tearing forces of all groups differed significantly, displaying a 50% lower resistance to tearing in the CM compared to the CTG group. In comparison, flap resistance to tearing forces established earlier and in higher magnitude in sites with an interpositioned CTG than in flaps repositioned on dentin or CM.ConclusionsApplication of a CTG, sutured to a non‐shedding hard surface, significantly increased flap resistance to tearing when applying disrupting forces compared to controls. A less pronounced effect was achieved by interpositioning of a CM.
Surgical removal of third molars and periodontal tissues of adjacent second molars
Authors: Petsos Hari , Korte Jörg , Eickholz Peter , Hoffmann Thomas , Borchard Raphael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mandibular third‐molar (M3) removal on periodontal health of adjacent second molars (M2). Probing pocket depths (PPD) and probing attachment levels (PAL) have been described for primary outcome. As cofactors involved, gender, complications, two suture materials and two types of impaction were chosen as secondary outcomes.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐eight patients (49 female; mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years) with 78 asymptomatic impacted mandibular M3 were included in this study. Plaque and gingival indices, PPD and PAL were recorded prior and 6 months after surgery. Impacted teeth were classified as either fully impacted (completely within in the bone) or submucosal (fully covered by oral mucosa).ResultsAverage baseline PPD was reduced from 3.3 mm to 2.6 mm after 6 months (p < 0.05). Average PAL was reduced from 3.0 to 2.5 mm (p < 0.05). Preoperative PPD ≥ 4 mm at the distolingual and distobuccal sites was positively correlated with clinical improvement (PPD: p < 0.05; PAL: p < 0.05). The impaction class was also identified as positive cofactor for PPD (p = 0.039), but not for PAL.ConclusionsYoung patients may benefit from an early removal of mandibular M3, especially in the presence of certain cofactors.
Dynamic DNA methylation controls glutamate receptor trafficking and synaptic scaling
Authors: Sweatt J. David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHebbian plasticity, including long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression, has long been regarded as important for local circuit refinement in the context of memory formation and stabilization. However, circuit development and stabilization additionally relies on non‐Hebbian, homeostatic, forms of plasticity such as synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is induced by chronic increases or decreases in neuronal activity. Synaptic scaling is associated with cell‐wide adjustments in postsynaptic receptor density, and can occur in a multiplicative manner resulting in preservation of relative synaptic strengths across the entire neuron's population of synapses. Both active DNA methylation and demethylation have been validated as crucial regulators of gene transcription during learning, and synaptic scaling is known to be transcriptionally dependent. However, it has been unclear whether homeostatic forms of plasticity such as synaptic scaling are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. This review describes exciting recent work that has demonstrated a role for active changes in neuronal DNA methylation and demethylation as a controller of synaptic scaling and glutamate receptor trafficking. These findings bring together three major categories of memory‐associated mechanisms that were previously largely considered separately: DNA methylation, homeostatic plasticity, and glutamate receptor trafficking.
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This review describes exciting recent work that has demonstrated a role for active changes in neuronal DNA methylation and demethylation as a controller of synaptic scaling and glutamate receptor trafficking. These findings bring together three major categories of memory‐associated mechanisms that were previously considered separately: glutamate receptor trafficking, DNA methylation, and homeostatic plasticity.
Effects of cerium oxide supplementation to laying hen diets on performance, egg quality, some antioxidant enzymes in serum and lipid oxidation in egg yolk
Authors: Bölükbaşı S. C. , Al‐sagan A. A. , Ürüşan H. , Erhan M. K. , Durmuş O. , Kurt N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cerium oxide levels (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg) on the laying performance, egg quality, some blood serum parameters and egg lipid peroxidation of laying hen. In total, one hundred and twenty 22‐week‐old brown Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly assigned to five groups equally (n = 24). Each treatment was replicated six times. Dietary supplementation of cerium oxide had no significant effect on feed intake and egg weight. The addition of cerium oxide to the laying hens' feed improved feed conversion ratio and increased (p < 0.05) egg production. Quality criteria of egg for except shell breaking strength were not affected by supplementing cerium oxide. In particular, supplementation of 200 and 300 mg/kg cerium oxide to the laying hens feed led to a significant (p < 0. 01) increase in egg shell breaking strength. Calcium and phosphorus concentration of serum increased significantly (p < 0.05) with supplementation of 100 mg/kg cerium oxide to laying hen diets. It was also observed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly with supplementation of cerium oxide in diets. Inclusion of cerium oxide resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in egg yolk in this study. It can be concluded that the addition of cerium oxide had positive effects on egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg shelf life. Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement laying hens feed with cerium oxide as feed additives.
Dietary mannitol increased the absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats
Authors: Xiao J. , Sakaguchi E. , Min X. , Kawasaki K. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe effect of mannitol on bone‐related mineral absorption and retention and the mechanism was investigated in this study. Fourteen 8‐week‐old male Wistar rats in experiment 1 and same number and age cecectomized Wistar male rats in experiment 2 were divided into two subgroups of seven animals, respectively, fed diets containing 0 or 4% mannitol for 28 days. Mineral balance tests were determined twice during days 8–12 and days 22–26, and the rats were slaughtered on day 28 both in experiment 1 and experiment 2. The whole caecum and colon were collected with the content to analyse tissue weight, content weight, content's pH and moisture, organic acids' concentration and mineral levels. In experiment 1, Ca absorption and retention and Mg absorption were significantly increased by mannitol feeding during days 8–12. Caecal total weight, tissue weight and content weight were increased, the pH of caecum and colon was reduced, and the concentrations of caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were modified by mannitol feeding. In experiment 2, during days 8–12 and days 22–26, Ca absorption and retention were significantly lowered by mannitol feeding in cecectomized rats; however, mannitol feeding decreased Mg absorption during days 8–12, but did not impact Mg retention. Colonic total weight, tissue weight and content weight were significantly increased, and colonic pH was reduced by mannitol feeding. In conclusion, dietary mannitol increased the absorption of Ca and Mg and the caecum markedly contributed to this promoting effect of mannitol.
Energy utilization, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and condensed tannins
Authors: Piñeiro‐Vázquez A. T. , Canul‐Solis J. R. , Alayón‐Gamboa J. A. , Chay‐Canul A. J. , Ayala‐Burgos A. J. , Solorio‐Sánchez F. J. , Aguilar‐Pérez C.F. , Ku‐Vera J. C. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, dry matter digestibility, nitrogen balance, supply of microbial protein to the small intestine and energy utilization in cattle fed a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments consisting of increasing levels of CT (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% CT/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments containing 0, 1, 2 and 3% of CT/kg DM and it was reduced (p < 0.05) to 4% CT (5.71 kg DM/day) with respect to that observed with 0% CT (6.65 kg DM/day). Nitrogen balance, purine derivatives excretion in urine, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of synthesis of microbial nitrogen in the rumen were not affected (p ≥ 0.05) by the increase in the levels of condensed tannins in the ration. Energy loss as CH4 was on average 2.7% of the gross energy consumed daily. Metabolizable energy intake was 49.06 MJ/day in cattle fed low‐quality tropical grass with a DMI of 6.27 kg/day. It is concluded that concentrations of CT between 2 and 3% of DM of ration reduced energy loss as CH4 by 31.3% and 47.6%, respectively, without affecting intakes of dry and organic matter; however, digestibilities of dry and organic matter are negatively affected.