bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Umbilicariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) – Trait evolution and a new generic concept
Authors: Davydov Evgeny A. , Peršoh Derek , Rambold Gerhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo reconstruct hypotheses on the evolution of Umbilicariaceae, 644 sequences from three independent DNA regions were used, 433 of which were newly produced. The study includes a representative fraction (presumably about 80%) of the known species diversity of the Umbilicariaceae s.str. and is based on the phylograms obtained using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian phylogenetic inference framework. The analyses resulted in the recognition of eight well‐supported clades, delimited by a combination of morphological and chemical features. None of the previous classifications within Umbilicariaceae s.str. were supported by the phylogenetic analyses. The distribution of the diagnostic morphological and chemical traits against the molecular phylogenetic topology revealed the following patterns of evolution: (1) Rhizinomorphs were gained at least four times independently and are lacking in most clades grouping in the proximity of Lasallia. (2) Asexual reproductive structures, i.e., thalloconidia and lichenized dispersal units, appear more or less mutually exclusive, being restricted to different clades. Two major ontogenetic types of thalloconidial development (thallobred versus rhizinobred) exist, reflecting their non‐homologous origin. Both types of thalloconidial formation were gained multiple times. (3) “Gyrodisc‐omphalodisc” apothecia are plesiomorphic in Umbilicariaceae. The apothecial type is a relatively variable trait, because the main types of apothecia switched at least six times in evolution. Multiple evolutionary changes from the gyrodiscs to leiodiscs, by reduction of carbonized hymenial structures, seem likely. (4) Ascospore characters, such as spore number per ascus, spore size, and septation type and degree are strongly correlated. Eight non‐septate small ascospores per ascus represent a plesiomorphic trait. The results indicate parallel evolutionary trends from “gyrodisc‐omphalodisc” to leiodisc apothecia, from octospory to mono‐ or bispory and from unicellular to multicellular‐muriform ascospores. The other types of apothecia and ascospores evolved multiple times. This suggests that the concept of Umbilicariaceae s.str. has to be refined. The new classification includes eight subgenera in the only genus Umbilicaria: subg. Actinogyra (type: U. muehlenbergii), subg. Agyrophora (type: A. atropruinosa), subg. Floccularia subg. nov. (type: U. deusta), subg. Gyrophora (type: U. vellea), subg. Iwatakia subg. nov. (type: U. esculenta), subg. Lasallia (type: L. pustulata), subg. Umbilicaria (type: U. hyperborea), and subg. Umbilicariopsis subg. nov. (type: Umbilicaria polyrhiza). Furthermore, four new combinations are proposed: Umbilicaria daliensis comb. nov., U. hispanica comb. nov., U. sinorientalis comb. nov., U. xizangensis comb. nov.
Metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty is not associated with cardiac disease
Authors: Goodnough L. H. , Bala A. , Huddleston III J. I. , Goodman S. B. , Maloney W. J. , Amanatullah D. F. 
Published: January 2018

Aims Many case reports and small studies have suggested that cobalt ions are a potential cause of cardiac complications, specifically cardiomyopathy, after metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA). The impact of metal ions on the incidence of cardiac disease after MoM THA has not been evaluated in large studies. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of onset of new cardiac symptoms in patients who have undergone MoM THA with those who have undergone metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA. Patients and Methods Data were extracted from the Standard Analytics Files database for patients who underwent MoM THA between 2005 and 2012. Bearing surface was selected using International Classification of Diseases ninth revision codes. Patients with a minimum five-year follow-up were selected. An age and gender-matched cohort of patients who underwent MoP THA served as a comparison group. New diagnoses of cardiac disease were collected during the follow-up period. Comorbidities and demographics were identified and routine descriptive statistics were used. Results We identified 29 483 patients who underwent MoM THA and 24 175 matched patients who underwent MoP THA. Both groups had a mean Charlson comorbidity index score of 4. There were no statistically significant differences in 30 of 31 pre-existing comorbidities. Patients undergoing MoM THA had a slightly lower incidence of cardiac failure compared with those undergoing MoP THA at three years (6.60% versus 7.06%, odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 0.99) and four years (8.73% versus 9.49%, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.97) postoperatively, with no difference in the incidence of new cardiac failure in between the groups at five years. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy at any time between the two groups. Conclusion MoM THA is not associated with cardiac complications. Initial reports may have represented individual instances of cardiac disease in patients with a failing MoM articulation rather than an emerging epidemiological trend. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:28–32.
Follow-up after arthroplasty of the hip and knee
Authors: Lovelock T. M. , Broughton N. S. 
Published: January 2018

The number of arthroplasties of the hip and knee is predicted to increase rapidly during the next 20 years. Accompanying this is the dilemma of how to follow-up these patients appropriately. Current guidelines recommend long-term follow-up to identify patients with aseptic loosening, which can occur more than a decade postoperatively. The current guidelines and practices of orthopaedic surgeons vary widely. Existing models take up much clinical time and are expensive. Pilot studies using ‘virtual’ clinics and advanced-practice physiotherapists have shown promise in decreasing the time and costs for orthopaedic surgeons and patients. This review discusses current practices and future trends in the follow-up of patients who have an arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:6–10.
A pilot randomized trial of meniscal allograft transplantation versus personalized physiotherapy for patients with a symptomatic meniscal deficient knee compartment
Authors: Smith N. A. , Parsons N. , Wright D. , Hutchinson C. , Metcalfe A. , Thompson P. , Costa M. L. , Spalding T. 
Published: January 2018

Aims Meniscal allograft transplantation is undertaken to improve pain and function in patients with a symptomatic meniscal deficient knee compartment. While case series have shown improvements in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), its efficacy has not been rigorously evaluated. This study aimed to compare PROMs in patients having meniscal transplantation with those having personalized physiotherapy at 12 months. Patients and Methods A single-centre assessor-blinded, comprehensive cohort study, incorporating a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed on patients with a symptomatic compartment of the knee in which a (sub)total meniscectomy had previously been performed. They were randomized to be treated either with a meniscal allograft transplantation or personalized physiotherapy, and stratified for malalignment of the limb. They entered the preference groups if they were not willing to be randomized. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Lysholm score and complications were collected at baseline and at four, eight and 12 months following the interventions. Results A total of 36 patients entered the study; 21 were randomized and 15 chose their treatments. Their mean age was 28 years (range 17 to 46). The outcomes were similar in the randomized and preference groups, allowing pooling of data. At 12 months, the KOOS4 composite score (mean difference 12, p = 0.03) and KOOS subscales of pain (mean difference 15, p = 0.02) and activities of daily living (mean difference 18, p = 0.005) were significantly superior in the meniscal transplantation group. Other PROMs also favoured this group without reaching statistical significance. There were five complications in the meniscal transplantation and one in the physiotherapy groups. Conclusion This is the first study to compare meniscal allograft transplantation to non-operative treatment. The results provide the best quality evidence to date of the symptomatic benefits of meniscal allograft transplantation in the short term, but a multicentre RCT is required to investigate this question further. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:56–63.
Thrombospondin-1 and blood pressure in 7-8-year-old children born low birth weight and small for gestational age
Authors: Malonda Marlyn , Umboh Adrian , Gunawan Stefanus 
Published: January 2018

Background Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is associated with endothelial damage, glomerular impairment, and hypertension. Low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) children have higher risk of morbidity and mortality.Objective To assess for a possible association between TSP-1 level and blood pressure in children who were born low birth weight and small for gestational age.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March to May 2015. Inclusion criteria were children who were born LBW and SGA in 2007-2008 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, resided in Manado, North Sulawesi, had complete medical records, and whose parents consented to their participation. Exclusion criteria were children who were in puberty, obese, had renal disease, taking medications that affect blood pressure, or who were admitted to the hospital in the 2 weeks prior to enrollment. Data were analyzed using regression and simple correlation tests to assess for associations between TSP-1 and birth weight, as well as TSP-1 and blood pressure.Results Subjects’ mean TSP-1 level was 257.95 ng/dL. There was a strong negative correlation between TSP-1 and birth weight (r=-0.784; P<0.0001). In addition, there were strong positive correlations between TSP-1 level and systolic blood pressure (r=0.718; P<0.0001) as well as TSP-1 and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.670; P<0.0001).Conclusion Higher TSP-1 is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 7-8-year-old children who were LBW and SGA at birth. Also, TSP-1 and birth weight have a strong negative correlation.
THE NEW (ATHEIST) WOMAN: A LEGACY OF THE 1960S CULTURAL REVOLUTION?
Authors: Eccles Janet 
Published: January 2018

It is undoubtedly true that a number of British women turned their back on religion, from the beginning of the period of the cultural revolution of the 1960s and onwards. To what might we attribute these defections and the taking up of a new nonreligious identity? Was it the change in sexual mores and the rise of second wave feminism, the increase in women entering higher education opening up new worldviews to them or increasing affluence? This article examines a variety of factors through the eyes of self-identified women atheists/humanists most of whom have lived through that period. It notes that, while these factors may well be significant to different degrees for different women, the turn to atheism, specifically, results largely from women having been damaged by religion and the deep emotional impact thus left behind. The turn to atheism is not a uniform experience as the women are enmeshed in differing types of ‘emotional regime’ which affects how they respond.
UDZIAŁ HELENY RADLIŃSKIEJ W EUROPEJSKIM RUCHU SPOŁECZNO-PEDAGOGICZNYM (1918-1939)
Authors: Theiss Wiesław 
Published: January 2018

W artykule został przedstawiony zarys międzynarodowej działalności, jaką Helena Radlińska (1879-1954), twórczyni polskiej pedagogiki społecznej, prowadzi na polu edukacyjno-społecznym w latach 1918 – 1939. Ukazane prace, ich zakres, kierunki i cele wiązały się z funkcjonowaniem największych ówczesnych europejskich central edukacyjnych, jak głównie: Międzynarodowe Kongresy Wychowania Moralnego w Londynie, Międzynarodowe Biuro Oświaty w Genewie, Międzynarodowa Liga Nowego Wychowania w Genewie, Związek Międzynarodowych Konferencji Oświaty Dorosłych w Anglii oraz Międzynarodowe Konferencje Służby Społecznej w Paryżu. Działalność ta, realizowana przez Radlińską z dużym zaangażowaniem i przez wiele lat, przynosi wiele ważnych osiągnięć społecznych i instytucjonalnych, teoretyczno-naukowych, metodologicznych i metodycznych. Na tej drodze wzbogaca się główne dzieło życia Radlińskiej – pedagogika społeczna, dyscyplina, która rozwój jednostki łączy z potrzebą inwestycji w socjalny i kulturalny wymiar ludzkiego życia. Przedstawiona działalność Radlińskiej, a także innych działaczy oświatowych sprawia, że Warszawa tamtych czasów jest jednym z ważniejszych europejskich ośrodków międzynarodowej współpracy w dziedzinie szeroko rozumianej edukacji, oświaty, wychowania i pracy społecznej.
Harmonization of accreditation to ISO15189
Authors: Thelen Marc H.M. , Huisman Wim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the years, ISO15189 has established itself as the international standard for quality management systems for all fields in laboratory medicine. As a result, also accreditation to this standard has increased in international adaptation. As a consequence, its impact grows as governments make the standard obligatory and/or national funding systems require ISO15189 accreditation for reimbursement. All these trends amplify each other. This overview aims to specify how ISO15189 has gained its current position as the harmonized quality standard that is not affected by borders between scientific (sub)fields nor between nations. From there, future challenges, opportunities and risks are addressed.
Solvent-free preparation of 3-aryl-2-[(aryl)(arylamino)]methyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one derivatives using ZnO-ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Abbasi-Dehnavi Hassan , Ghashang Majid 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The title compounds were synthesized by a three-component reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic amines and α,β-epoxy ketones, catalyzed by ZnO-ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite.
Synthesis of 4-arylethyl-6-arylpyrimidine-2-thiols through aza-Michael addition/nucleophilic addition/aromatization tandem reactions
Authors: Li Zheng , Song Wenli , He Jiaojiao , Du Yan , Yang Jingya 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds by reactions of divinyl ketones with thiourea is described. This protocol has the advantages of high yields, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up procedure.
Real-time monitoring of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for radio frequency ablation
Authors: Liu Jiangwei , Liu Yan , Huang Jianzhao , Huang Lei , Zhao Pengwei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
This study compared the realtime monitoring effects of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on evaluating radio frequency ablation (RFA) in a living swine liver model.

Methodology
Liver RFA was performed on 10
young swine. Conventional ultrasound and CEUS were performed immediately. After the animals were sacrificed, ablation lesions were removed to histopathologically examine the range of the lesions. Ablation completeness based on three methods were compared using histopathology as the gold standard.

Results
Forty-three ablation lesions were produced in the animals. The horizontal diameter, vertical diameter and ablation lesion area based on conventional ultrasound were all significantly smaller than those based on the gross sample, but no significant differences existed between the results of the CEUS and the gross sample. Histopathology showed that 30 lesions were incompletely ablated and 13 were completely ablated, while CEUS showed that 28 lesions were incompletely ablated and 15 were completely ablated. Compared with histopathology, CEUS had an accuracy of 81.4%, a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 76.9%. No significant difference in ablation completeness judgment between CEUS and histopathology was observed.

Conclusion
CEUS provides a real-time radiological foundation for evaluating RFA lesion ranges and completeness in a living swine liver model.
Aerobic glycolysis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Lecarpentier Yves , Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean-Noël 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeurodegenerative cells are the sites of numerous metabolic and energetic abnormalities with abnormalities in energy production. Energy is the primary determinant of neuronal viability. In neurodegenerative cells, metabolic enzymes are modified by the dysregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD), WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated. We focused this review on the hypothesis of aerobic glycolysis stimulated by the upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway in ALS and HD. Upregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway induces aerobic glycolysis, named Warburg effect, through activation of glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1), lactate dehydrogenase kinase-A (LDH-A), and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Aerobic glycolysis consists of a supply of a large part of glucose into lactate regardless of oxygen. Aerobic glycolysis is less efficient in terms of ATP production compared with oxidative phosphorylation because of the shunt of the TCA cycle. Dysregulation of energetic metabolism promotes cell death and disease progression in ALD and HD. Aerobic glycolysis regulation is an attractive mechanism for developing therapeutic interventions.
Lexicalist vs. exoskeletal approaches to language mixing
Authors: Grimstad Maren Berg , Riksem Brita Ramsevik , Lohndal Terje , Åfarli Tor A 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article presents empirical evidence that disfavors using highly lexicalist minimalist models, such as the one presented in Chomsky (1995), when analyzing language mixing. The data analyzed consist of English – Spanish mixed noun phrases discussed in Moro (2014) as well as English – Norwegian mixed noun phrases and verbs taken from the Corpus of American Norwegian Speech. Whereas the lexicalist model in Chomsky (1995) only can explain a subset of the mixing patterns attested in both authentic English – Spanish mixed noun phrases and the American Norwegian corpus, we show that an alternative exoskeletal model can account for all of them. Such a model would entail that rather than assuming lexical items with inherent, functional features that determine the derivation, syntactic structures are generated independently from the lexical items that come to realize them.
2H NMR Studies on Water Dynamics in Functionalized Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Weigler Max , Brodrecht Martin , Breitzke Hergen , Dietrich Felix , Sattig Matthias , Buntkowsky Gerd , Vogel Michael 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Mesoporous silica MCM-41 is prepared, for which the inner surfaces are modified by 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) in a controlled manner. Nitrogen gas adsorpition yields a pore diameter of 2.2 nm for the APTES functionalized MCM-41. 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) provide detailed and consistent insights into the temperature-dependent reorientation dynamics of water in this confinement. We find that a liquid water species becomes accompanied by a solid water species when cooling through ~210 K, as indicated by an onset of bimodal 2H spin-lattice relaxation. The reorientation of the liquid water species is governed by pronounced dynamical heterogeneity in the whole temperature range. Its temperature dependence shows a mild dynamic crossover when the solid water species emerges and, hence, the volume accessible to the liquid water species further shrinks. Therefore, we attribute this variation in the temperature dependence to a change from bulk-like behavior towards interface-dominated dynamics. Below this dynamic crossover, 2H line-shape and stimulted-echo studies show that water reorientation becomes anisotropic upon cooling, suggesting that these NMR approaches, but also BDS measurements do no longer probe the structural (α) relaxation, but rather a secondary (β) relaxation of water at sufficiently low temperatures. Then, another dynamic crossover at ~180 K can be rationalized in terms of a change of the temperature dependence of the β relaxation in response to a glassy freezing of the α relaxation of confined water. Comparing these results for APTES modied MCM-41 with previous findings for mesoporous silica with various pore diameters, we obtain valuable information about the dependence of water dynamics in restricted geometries on the size of the nanoscopic confinements and the properties of the inner surfaces.
Effects of Estrogen Therapy on the Serotonergic System in an Animal Model of Perimenopause Induced by 4-Vinylcyclohexen Diepoxide (VCD)
Authors: Pestana-Oliveira Nayara , Kalil Bruna , Leite Cristiane Mota , Carolino Ruither Oliveira Gomes , Debarba Lucas Kniess , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Antunes-Rodrigues José , Anselmo-Franci Janete A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChronic exposure to 4-vinylcycloxene diepoxide (VCD) in rodents accelerates the natural process of ovarian follicular atresia modelling perimenopause in women. We investigated why estrogen therapy is beneficial for symptomatic women despite normal or high estrogen levels during perimenopause. Female rats (28 d) were injected daily with VCD or oil for 15 d; 55-65 d after the first injection, pellets of 17β-estradiol or oil were inserted subcutaneously. Around 20 d after, the rats were euthanized (control rats on diestrus and estradiol-treated 21 d after pellets implants). Blood was collected for hormone measurement, the brains were removed and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), hippocampus (HPC), and amygdala (AMY) punched out for serotonin (5-HT), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA level measurements. Another set of rats was perfused for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) immunohistochemistry in the DRN. Periestropausal rats exhibited estradiol levels similar to controls and a lower progesterone level, which was restored by estradiol. The DRN of periestropausal rats exhibited lower expression of PR and ERβ mRNA and a lower number of TPH cells. Estradiol restored the ERβ mRNA levels and number of serotonergic cells in the DRN caudal subregion. The 5-HT levels were lower in the AMY and HPC in peristropausal rats, and estradiol treatment increased the 5-HT levels in the HPC and also increased ERβ expression in this area. In conclusion, estradiol may improve perimenopause symptoms by increasing progesterone and boosting serotonin pathway from the caudal DRN to the dorsal HPC potentially through an increment in ERβ expression in the DRN.