bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CeO2/Bi2WO6 Heterostructured Microsphere with Excellent Visible‐light‐driven Photocatalytic Performance for Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
Authors: Zhang Fengjun , Zou Shuang , Wang Tianye , Shi Yuxi , Liu Peng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCeO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructured microsphere with excellent and stable photocatalytic activity for degradation tetracyclines was successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. The photocatalytic experiments indicated that CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructured microspheres exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure Bi2WO6 in both the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation. The 1CeO2/2Bi2WO6 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity for degradation of TCH, reaching 91% after 60 min reaction. The results suggested that the particular morphological conformation of the microspheres resulted in smaller size and more uniform morphology so as to increase the specific surface area. Meanwhile, the heterojunction was formed by coupling CeO2 and Bi2WO6 in the as‐prepared microspheres, so that the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes was dramatically improved and the lifetimes of charge carriers were prolonged. Hence, introduction of CeO2 could significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructured microspheres and facilitate the degradation of TCH. This work provided not only a principle method to synthesize CeO2/Bi2WO6 with the excellent photocatalytic performance for actual produce, but also a excellent property of the photocatalyst for potential application in photocatalytic treatment of tetracyclines wastewater from pharmaceutical factory.
Molecular, biological and physiological characterizations of resistance to phenamacril in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zhang Y. , Chen W. , Shao W. , Wang J. , Lv C. , Ma H. , Chen C. 
Published: March 2017

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating wheat diseases in China. Phenamacril is a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide with a unique chemical structure and specific mode of action against Fusarium spp. In this study, the molecular, biological and physiological characteristics of laboratory‐induced mutants of F. graminearum with resistance to phenamacril were investigated. Compared to the wildtype strains, the phenamacril‐resistant mutants showed obvious defects in various biological and physiological characteristics, including vegetative growth, carbon source utilization, response to oxidative and osmotic stresses, sensitivity to cell wall and cell membrane integrity inhibitors, cell membrane permeability, glycerol accumulation and pathogenicity. The phenotypes of the phenamacril‐resistant mutants exhibited many variations. Sequencing indicated that the three parental strains studied were identical, and the mutants TXR1, TXR2, BMR1, BMR2, SYR1 and SYR2 each had a single point mutation in the amino acid sequence encoded by the myosin‐5 gene (FGSG_01410). These results provide new reference information for future investigations concerning the resistance mechanism of F. graminearum to phenamacril and could offer important relevant data for the management of FHB caused by F. graminearum.
Talking of animals: whales, ambergris, and the circulation of knowledge in seventeenth‐century Rome
Authors: Azzolini Monica 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe sixteenth century marks a watershed in the study of the natural world, and animals within it. Never before did so many Europeans devote so much ink to describing animals, their physical characteristics, their utility, and the environment in which they lived. Reading, observation, correspondence, illustration, and conversation represented key moments in this process of knowledge production. While the first four aspects have received sustained attention from intellectual historians and historians of science, much less emphasis has been placed on the key role of the spoken word in shaping early modern natural knowledge. This article examines the significance of oral discourse in transmitting natural knowledge within the social setting of seventeenth‐century Rome and among Italian natural historians more broadly. It focuses on the way in which the study of unusual animals such as the whale (and by extension ambergris, the substance that it allegedly produced) was shaped by the oral testimony of those who saw it first‐hand, often with little distinction being made between the social and professional status of different informants. While the oral testimony of a learned missionary may have trumped that of others, ultimately pride of place was given to first‐hand experience over second‐hand written accounts. Personal acquaintance also played an important role. On the whole, the examples analyzed in this article aim to illustrate the plurality of means and voices that actively contributed to the making of early‐modern natural knowledge of animals. Within the inductive method that characterized early modern natural history, conversation and hearsay thus played an active and significant role that historians of science have mostly underestimated.
‘To dust the pelisse’: the erotic side of fur in Italian Renaissance art
Authors: Lurati Patricia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOwnership of wild animal furs in Renaissance Italy was a sign of prosperity and social status. In addition to the explicit aspect of wealth, owning wild animal furs also meant that the wearer came from good lineage and could dress as befitting a noble station thanks to the exemption from the restrictions imposed by sumptuary laws. Contrary to modern expectations of conspicuous display these valuable skins were used as linings for clothing with the fur in contact with the body. Wearing fur on the outside of the garment raised a series of moral issues concerned with the animal origin of fur and the wearer's relationship to the animal world. Renaissance eroticism was mainly associated with the baser, sensual faculties and sexual appetites, that is, animal behaviour. Because it was linked to the emotions, it had the power to disturb the mind and the soul, and to disrupt order by posing a threat to a rational, civilized community. For that reason, the suspicions surrounding animal skins have to be taken into account when considering the rage for using valuable pelts in Europe. This paper will delve into the complex meanings attributed to fur: its status as a luxury good as well as the visual and symbolic associations to eroticism that inhibited its open display.
Real animals in ideal cities: the place and use of animals in Renaissance utopian literature
Authors: Muratori Cecilia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnimals populate literature dealing with ideal cities and imagined parallel worlds. In this essay Cecilia Muratori explores the place of animals in works sharing utopian traits by the Italian writers Ortensio Lando (c. 1512–53?), Francesco Patrizi (1529–97), and Anton Francesco Doni (1513–74). In particular, she investigates the ways in which the narratological device of displacing the human/animal relationship into an imaginary world enables an approach to the theoretical question about the difference between humans and animals as well as to the ethical one regarding the use of the animals. The presence of animals is a neglected aspect of such texts despite the extensive body of scholarship on utopian literature. Muratori argues that it is this specific combination of ontological issues and very practical remarks which makes these texts a particularly important case study for reconstructing Renaissance philosophical discussions on the status of animals. The problem of the human/animal divide and the question about human uniqueness thus appear alongside the discussion of topics such as how to preserve health in an ideal city or suggestions about the best diet for its citizens (a diet based on animals as food, for instance). Such concerns directly involve the assessment of the relation of humans to the world of animals, included in these imaginary cities or worlds as co‐inhabitants, as sources of food, as living beings which share in various ways the same space as humans, and also as mirrors on which the definition of man as a special animal is projected.
Importing and Firm Export Performance: New Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Edwards Lawrence , Sanfilippo Marco , Sundaram Asha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article uses firm‐level data from company income tax and customs declarations from South Africa to analyse the complementary relationship between direct access to imported intermediate inputs and firm exports in the manufacturing industry. There are two main findings. The first is on firm heterogeneity, showing that firms that import and export consistently demonstrate premiums in terms of productivity, employment, wages and capital intensity in production compared to firms that do not trade, or only export or import. The second supports the hypothesis that importing raises exports, especially if inputs are sourced from advanced economies.
Through the Looking Glass: White First‐year University Students’ Observations of Racism in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Baker James 
Published: March 2017

Despite the growing interest in microaggression theory (Sue et al. ), little research has been conducted on it through a sociological lens. In fact, the psychological research that does exist has been from the United States (Constantine ; Mercer et al. ; Ong et al. ; Sue et al. ) and Canada (Hernandez ; Houshmand ), focusing primarily on minorities. One area that remains unexplored is white observations of racism. This is especially relevant given that Sue et al. () contend that it is those who are most disempowered rather than those who enjoy the privileges of power who are likely to accurately assess whether a racist act has occurred. With this view in mind, this article utilizes racial microaggression theory to investigate the observations of racism among a cohort of approximately 170 white freshman (i.e., first‐year) university students in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As this research is Canadian based, it presents an excellent opportunity to advance racial microaggression theory from an international perspective. The goal of this article then is to categorize white youths' observations of microaggressions in order to discuss and analyze their impact on minorities living in a highly homogeneous, white‐dominated space.
The practice of platelet transfusion prior to central venous catheterization in presence of coagulopathy: a national survey among clinicians
Authors: van de Weerdt E. K. , Peters A. L. , Goudswaard E. J. , Binnekade J. M. , van Lienden K. P. , Biemond B. J. , Vlaar A. P. J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundCorrection of coagulopathy prior to central venous catheter (CVC) placement is advocated by guidelines, while retrospective studies support restrictive use of transfusion products.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a mixed vignette and questionnaire web survey to investigate current practice and preferences for CVC placement. Clinical vignettes were used to quantify the tendency to administer platelet concentrate. A positive ß‐coefficient is in favour of administering platelet concentrate.ResultsNinety‐seven physicians answered the survey questions (36 critical care physicians, 14 haematologists, 20 radiologists and 27 anaesthesiologist). Eighty‐six physicians subsequently completed the clinical vignettes (response rate 71%). Preferences in favour of correcting thrombocytopenia prior CVC placement were platelet counts of 10 × 109/L and 20 × 109/L (ß = 3·9; ß = 3·2, respectively), the subclavian insertion site (ß = 0·8). An elevated INR (INR = 3; ß = 0·6) and an elevated aPTT (aPTT = 60 s; ß = 0·4) showed a positive trend towards platelet transfusion. Platelet transfusion was less likely in an emergency setting (ß = −0·4). Reported transfusion thresholds for CVC placement varied from <10 × 109/L to 80 × 109/L for platelet count, from 1·0 to 10·0 for INR and from 25 s to 150 s for aPTT. Implementation of ultrasound guidance as standard practice was limited.ConclusionCurrent transfusion practice prior to CVC placement is highly variable. Physicians adjust the decision to correct coagulopathy prior CVC placement based on clinical parameters, insertion site and technique applied.
Estrategia de comunicación para promocionar el patrimonio cultural urbano tangible (inmueble) en el municipio Cumanayagua.
Authors: García Rodríguez Anicel , Álvarez González Arelys Rebeca 
Published: March 2017

La presente investigación se realizó en instituciones consideradas patrimonio cultural urbano tangible (inmueble) en el municipio Cumanayagua. Nace a partir de un estudio que evaluó el nivel de desconocimiento que sobre el tema de cultura patrimonial poseen los pobladores de la comunidad, que condujo a la elaboración e implementación de una estrategia de comunicación que permita promocionar los sitios arquitectónicos: La Casa Ramírez, la iglesia católica, el Casino Español, el liceo y el cementerio para que sean apreciados y valorados como electos simbólicosm e identatarios de la localidad. Con un enfoque sinérgico entre los diferentes organismos, empresas e instituciones educacionales se puede lograr un mayor reconocimiento de los pobladores con estas instituciones, lo que favorece su nivel de compromiso e identificación con estas y los convierte en sus públicos objetivos.
La restauración de la arquitectura y la recuperación de sus cargas semiológicas. El caso del Palacio Arzobispal de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Montaner Ignacio Julio 
Published: March 2017

En el año 2012, el Arzobispo de Santiago tomó la histórica decisión de regresar a su sede tradicional entonces abandonada, un Palacio de alta calidad arquitectónica y artística, cargada de signos de la vida social y religiosa de los chilenos. El arquitecto encargado de la restauración y reapertura del Palacio presenta hallazgos, deducciones empíricas y estrategias con dialécticas aplicadas a las diferentes ideas y espacios que comparten el mismo edificio, para recuperar con veracidad su poderoso relato histórico.
La conservación del patrimonio edificado a través de la relación entre los servicios urbanos y turísticos
Authors: González González Rosa , Marichal González Anelis , Perón Delgado Eva 
Published: March 2017

La conservación del patrimonio edificado en las ciudades se ha enfrentado a grandes retos, entre ellos la inserción del turismo, una de sus consecuencias es la relación que se establece en un mismo espacio entre los servicios urbanos y turísticos. Por ello, para asumir el nuevo rol que impone el escenario actual, los esfuerzos se concentran en crear lugares para todos en armonía con el medio natural y los promotores del desarrollo económico, social y cultural. Una de las vías es el perfeccionamiento del ordenamiento territorial para que contribuya con la conservación del patrimonio de la ciudad, por lo que se requiere de su mejora mediante la construcción de modelos. Al no existir en Cuba un estudio actualizado del balance de las funciones de los servicios urbanos y turísticos con una visión de un desarrollo integral, armónico y sostenible del centro, se impuso la necesidad de elaborar un procedimiento que tuviera como base orientar las intervenciones con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo y conservación de aquellos atractivos tangibles que hicieron que la ciudad fuera promotora del desarrollo turístico; procedimiento que posteriormente fue aplicado en la ciudad de Camagüey.
A priori, A posteriori: la memoria descriptiva como reflexión teórica en arquitectura
Authors: García Ramírez William 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo elabora un estudio analítico sobre el tema de la memoria descriptiva en arquitectura y propone entenderla como un modo de reflexión teórica a partir de dos enfoques posibles. Uno, centrado en la condición de lo a priori, es decir, cuando la memoria constituye una prefiguración de la obra de arquitectura, y un segundo enfoque estructurado desde la condición de lo a posteriori, esto es, cuando la memoria se produce como un recuento posterior a la existencia de la obra. La determinación de estas condiciones surgió a partir del estudio comparativo de un corpus de 120 memorias descriptivas de proyectos presentadas a las bienales colombianas de arquitectura en el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2010. Estas condiciones de temporalidad sitúan la memoria descriptiva en dos lugares distintos, dos campos posibles desde los que el arquitecto desarrolla y deja un testimonio tanto de sus ideas como de sus enfoques conceptuales frente a la obra construida, y que en resumen constituyen su forma de expresar una teoría de su arquitectura.
Modulating Effects of Planetary Wave 3 on a Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event in 2005
Authors: Shi Chunhua , Xu Ting , Guo Dong , Pan Zaitao 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Eliassen–Palm flux (EPF) and Plumb’s wave activity flux (WAF) were computed, using ERA-Interim data, to analyze the influence of planetary wave 3 on a stratospheric sudden warming event from 17 February to 15 March 2005 (SSW05). It was found that 1) SSW05 consisted of three stages: a prior minor warming (MnW05), a late final warming (FW05), and a warming stagnation between MnW05 and FW05; 2) the wave 3 first decreased total upward EPFs by more than 30% at 100 hPa, resulting in the warming stagnation, and then increased upward EPFs by greater than 50%, leading to FW05; and 3) the anomalies of wave-3 activity fluxes were associated with the pattern of Atlantic blocking high in the latter two stages. The interactions between the wave 3 and wave 1 partitioned the zonal upward channel of total wave activity fluxes from one longitudinal region into two longitudinal regions and affected SSW05.
A Climatology of Central American Gyres
Authors: Papin Philippe P. , Bosart Lance F. , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Central American gyres (CAGs) are large, closed, cyclonic circulations that occur during the rainy season (May–November), which can yield exceptional rainfall leading to catastrophic flooding and large societal impacts. A reanalysis-based climatology of CAGs is developed from an algorithm that distinguishes CAG cases from other systems. This algorithm identified CAG cases based on circulation intensity, a broad radius of maximum winds, and the existence of closed, Earth-relative, cyclonic flow. Based on these criteria, 47 CAG cases were identified from 1980 to 2010, featuring a bimodal distribution of cases with maxima in May–June and September–November.
CAG cases are composited into two categories based on their upper-tropospheric PV structure: nonbaroclinic CAGs are more common (N = 42) and characterized by an upper-tropospheric anticyclone, while baroclinic CAGs are less common (N = 5) and characterized by an upper-tropospheric trough. Whereas a nonbaroclinic CAG has anomalous moisture and precipitation surrounding the center, a baroclinic CAG has anomalous moisture and precipitation concentrated east of the center, with these structural differences attributed to their upper-tropospheric PV structure. Both nonbaroclinic and baroclinic CAGs are preceded by anomalous westerly lower-tropospheric flow in the eastern Pacific before their development, which is linked to a climatological reduction in easterly trade winds and is coincident with MJO phases 1, 2, and 8. Extreme precipitation is observed over multiple days in all available CAG cases, most commonly along the Central American coastline and on average over a large fractional area (25%) within 10° of their center.
Comparison of Sedentary Behaviors in Office Workers Using Sit-Stand Tables With and Without Semiautomated Position Changes
Authors: Barbieri Dechristian França , Srinivasan Divya , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Oliveira Ana Beatriz 
Published: March 2017

Objective: We compared usage patterns of two different electronically controlled sit-stand tables during a 2-month intervention period among office workers. Background: Office workers spend most of their working time sitting, which is likely detrimental to health. Although the introduction of sit-stand tables has been suggested as an effective intervention to decrease sitting time, limited evidence is available on usage patterns of sit-stand tables and whether patterns are influenced by table configuration. Method: Twelve workers were provided with standard sit-stand tables (nonautomated table group) and 12 with semiautomated sit-stand tables programmed to change table position according to a preset pattern, if the user agreed to the system-generated prompt (semiautomated table group). Table position was monitored continuously for 2 months after introducing the tables, as a proxy for sit-stand behavior. Results: On average, the table was in a “sit” position for 85% of the workday in both groups; this percentage did not change significantly during the 2-month period. Switches in table position from sit to stand were, however, more frequent in the semiautomated table group than in the nonautomated table group (0.65 vs. 0.29 hr-1; p = .001). Conclusion: Introducing a semiautomated sit-stand table appeared to be an attractive alternative to a standard sit-stand table, because it led to more posture variation. Application: A semiautomated sit-stand table may effectively contribute to making postures more variable among office workers and thus aid in alleviating negative health effects of extensive sitting.
Posterior lesser trochanter line should not be used as reference for assessing femoral version in CT scans: a retrospective reliability and agreement study
Authors: Worlicek Michael , Weber Markus , Craiovan Benjamin , Zeman Florian , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias , Wörner Michael 
Published: March 2017

Background The estimation of femoral version in preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty and to assess complications after total hip arthroplasty is crucial. Recent studies have recommended the posterior lesser trochanter line as an intraoperative reference for estimating femoral version. We hypothesized, that if there is a correlation, the posterior lesser trochanter line could be used to assess femoral version in computed tomography (CT) scans. Purpose To evaluate the correlation between the posterior lesser trochanter line and the posterior femoral condyle axis. Material and Methods CT scans of 126 patients after unilateral total hip arthroplasty were analyzed by means of a newly developed digital planning software for CT scans. Both hips were measured, the angle between the posterior lesser trochanter line and the posterior femoral condyle axis was determined, and the relationship between both lines was evaluated. Results We found significant differences between male and female patients ( P < 0.001) and between left and right femora ( P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between healthy hips and hips with osteoarthritis after total hip arthroplasty ( P = 0.901). Conclusion There is no reliable correlation between posterior lesser trochanter line and posterior femoral condyle axis. Therefore, posterior lesser trochanter line should not be used to assess femoral version in CT scans. As a consequence, the gold standard for measuring femoral version should still be a three-dimensional CT scan of the whole femur.