bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure of Grauer's Swamp Warbler Bradypterus graueri, an Albertine Rift endemic
Authors: Kahindo Charles M. , Bates John M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: December 2016

The endangered warbler Bradypterus graueri is endemic to the Albertine Rift, where it is restricted to montane swamps above 1900 m across the region. We studied genetic structure among six populations sampled across the species' distribution in northern Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda and the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. A total of 2117 base pairs of mitochondrial data were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses and network reconstruction of B. graueri haplotypes recovered three clades with a defined geographical pattern: clade 1, Virunga Volcanoes and Kigezi Highlands; clade 2, Rugege Highlands; and clade 3, Kahuzi‐Biega Highlands; clades 2 and 3 are sisters to each other. Both landscape dynamics and historical climate are likely to have played a role in the diversification of this species. The divergence between clade 1 and clades 2 and 3 (168.5 ka, 95% HPD 108.5, 244.4) coincides with a prolonged period of aridity in tropical Africa between 130 and 270 ka. Similarly, the divergence between clades 2 and 3 (99.4 ka, 95% HPD 55.4, 153.8) corresponds with a period of aridity just prior to 94 ka. Populations sampled from the eastern arm of the central Albertine Rift (Kigezi and Rugege Highlands) show a coincident increase in effective population size after the Last Glacial Maximum at c. 15 ka, whereas those sampled from Kahuzi‐Biega on the western arm of the rift do not. Despite the perceived higher vagility of bird species relative to other vertebrates, the degree of phylogeographical structure among populations of B. graueri is similar to that reported for small mammals (Hylomyscus vulcanorum, Lophuromys woosnami, Sylvisorex vulcanorum) and a frog Hyperolius castaneus sampled across the central Albertine Rift. Collectively our results suggest that climate dynamics associated with late Pleistocene cycles had a significant influence on driving the population genetic structure and associated levels of genetic diversity in B. graueri and other small terrestrial vertebrates. Our results have implications for the conservation of B. graueri and other endemics to the Albertine Rift, particularly in the context of other phylogegeographical studies centred on this biodiversity hotspot.
Free radical scavenging properties of mannitol and its role as a constituent of hyaluronic acid fillers: a literature review
Authors: André P. , Villain F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMannitol has both hydrating and antioxidant properties that make it an ideal excipient for use with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. This review examines the role of reactive oxygen species in the ageing process and their effects on both endogenous HA and HA products developed for aesthetic use. Evidence is presented to show that the free radical scavenging properties of mannitol provide it with a two‐fold mechanism of action when combined with HA fillers: reducing the inflammation and swelling associated with the injection procedure itself, and preventing the degradation of the injected HA by free radicals. Mannitol also has a long‐ and well‐established safety profile in both the food and pharmaceutical industry. Having established the rationale for using mannitol in combination with an HA filler, the products using this strategy are then reviewed. The addition of mannitol to HA fillers is a viable and safe option for improving both short‐ and long‐term HA aesthetic effects.
Widening the lens: a structuration theory perspective on European works councils and transnational labour relations
Authors: Hertwig Markus 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article outlines a concept for analysing practices of European works councils. Much previous research has focused its attention merely on a single institution or actor, for instance the European works council, transnational agreements or trade union federations. However, previous research in the field suggests that transnational labour relations often involve many actors on different levels inside and outside an MNC who interact, refer to different cultural patterns and draw power to act from various sources. To cover those processes, a structuration theory framework is developed that models different ‘action fields’, which actors refer to in their social practices of cross‐border employee representation. The framework is illustrated with case studies of Toyota and General Motors. The benefits and limitations of the new perspective are discussed with reference to previous accounts.
Islands in the stream? The challenges and resilience of the Danish industrial relations model in a liberalising world
Authors: Refslund Bjarke , Sørensen Ole Henning 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNordic industrial relations models have often been highlighted as being successful ‘highroads’ in advanced capitalism. However, the economic crisis has increased pressures to liberalise and deregulate labour markets. Although this challenges the Danish industrial relations model, there are several countermeasures, in particular strong unions and the supportive institutional context, which have prevented erosion indicating the resilience and adaptability of the model.
Health and safety risks in Britain's workplaces: where are they and who controls them?
Authors: Bryson Alex 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis is the first paper to identify the correlates of workplace managers' perceptions of the health and safety risks faced by workers and the degree to which workers have control over those risks. The risks that workers face and the control they have over those risks are weakly negatively correlated. Managerial risk ratings are positively associated with both injury and illness rates, but not with absence rates. The control rating is also positively associated with injury and illness rates, but it is negatively correlated with absence rates. Workers are more likely to be exposed to health and safety risks when their workplace is performing poorly and where it has been adversely affected by the recession. Union density is positively associated with risks but is not associated with workers' control over risks. Having on‐site worker representatives dealing with health and safety is linked to lower risks than direct consultation between management and employees over health and safety. However, there is no evidence that particular types of health and safety arrangement are related to workers' control over health and safety risks.
The effectiveness of interventions to enhance self‐management support competencies in the nursing profession: a systematic review
Authors: Duprez Veerle , Vandecasteele Tina , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri , Van Hecke Ann 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness and effective components of training interventions to enhance nurses' competencies in self‐management support in chronic care.BackgroundThe growing burden of chronic diseases puts an increasing focus on nurses' self‐management support of people living with a chronic illness. The most effective method to train nurses' competencies in self‐management support remains unclear.DesignSystematic literature review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, ERIC and PsycARTICLES databases were searched up to August 2015.Review methodEligible studies reported on training interventions to enhance chronic care self‐management support competencies in nurses. Outcomes were defined as trainees' reactions to the training (level 1), changes in trainees' competencies (level 2) or changes in trainees' performance in practice (level 3) concerning self‐management support. Risk of bias was assessed. Level 1 outcomes were synthesized narratively. Standardized mean differences were calculated per study for level 2 and 3 outcomes.ResultsIn total, 25 studies were included. Twelve of these studies included level 1 outcomes, eight studies included level 2 outcomes and 10 studies included level 3 outcomes. Effect sizes in favour of training ranged from −0·36 ‐ 1·56 (level 2) and from 0·06 ‐ 5·56 (level 3). Theory‐driven training interventions with time to practice, (video) feedback and follow‐up generated the most training effects. Caution is needed due to the inconsistent study quality.ConclusionTo date, there is a knowledge gap concerning the most effective method to train nurses' competencies in self‐management support. More well‐designed, longitudinal studies are needed.
Following the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: patterns and processes in the biogeography of the limpetNacella(Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) across the Southern Ocean
Authors: González‐Wevar Claudio A. , Hüne Mathias , Segovia Nicolas I. , Nakano Tomoyuki , Spencer Hamish G. , Chown Steven L. , Saucède Thomas , Johnstone Glenn , Mansilla Andrés , Poulin Elie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimWe use an integrative biogeographical approach to further understand the evolution of an important Southern Ocean marine benthic element, the limpet genusNacella(Mollusca: Patellogastropoda).LocationSouthern Ocean.MethodsWe used multi‐locus time‐calibrated phylogeny ofNacellaat the scale of the whole Southern Ocean to elucidate the underlying processes involved in the origin and diversification of the genus.ResultsDivergence‐time estimates suggest that soon after its origin during the mid‐Miocene (c. 12.5 Ma),Nacellaseparated into two main lineages currently distributed in (1) South America and (2) Antarctica and the sub‐Antarctic islands. We identified two pulses of diversification, during the late Miocene (8 to 5.5 Ma) and the Pleistocene (< 1 Ma).Main conclusionsMajor periods of climatic and oceanographical change strongly affected the biogeography ofNacellaand demonstrate both the long‐ and short‐term influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current across the Southern Ocean. Our analyses support the validity of all currently recognizedNacellaspecies and reveal a new South‐American lineage. This work constitutes the most detailed molecular‐based study of an ecologically important, near‐shore invertebrate Southern Ocean group and in so doing contributes to the improved understanding of the underlying patterns and processes in the origin and diversification of marine benthic fauna across this globally important region.
Phylogeography of the reef‐building polychaetes of the genus Phragmatopoma in the western Atlantic Region
Authors: Nunes Flavia L. D. , Van Wormhoudt Alain , Faroni‐Perez Larisse , Fournier Jérôme 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo verify the synonymy of the reef‐building polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata (described for the Caribbean) and Phragmatopoma lapidosa (described for Brazil) using molecular data. To evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among populations from Florida to South Brazil.LocationIntertidal zone in the western Atlantic biogeographical Region: Brazil, eastern Caribbean and Florida (USA).MethodsDNA sequence data from one mitochondrial (cox‐1) and one nuclear ribosomal (ITS‐1) loci were obtained from 11 populations of P. caudata spanning the coasts of Brazil, eastern Caribbean and Florida. Phylogenetic relationships among populations of P. caudata and other members of the genus were inferred by Bayesian methods. Population differentiation was evaluated by Bayesian analysis of population structure (baps), AMOVA and pairwise φst. Demographic history was inferred by Bayesian skyline plots.ResultsPhylogenetic inference supported the interpretation of a single species of Phragmatopoma spanning the Brazilian and Caribbean Provinces of the western Atlantic Region. Little population structure was observed across the species distribution, with the exception of the Florida population. The baps analysis supported a 2‐population model, with population differentiation being strong and significant between Florida and all other Atlantic populations for cox‐1, and significant between Florida and most populations for ITS‐1. Differences in genetic diversity were not significant between Caribbean and Brazilian populations, although several populations in Brazil had low values for diversity indices. Bayesian skyline plots indicate population expansion starting at c. 200 ka.Main conclusionsPhragmatopoma caudata is able to maintain genetic connectivity across most of its geographical range, with population differentiation being observed only between Florida and all other localities, possibly due to ecological speciation in the transition zone between tropical and subtropical environments. Long‐distance connectivity across much of the species range is likely the result of long‐lived larvae that are tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions.
Mailed outreach and facilitated test ordering to promote cholesterol screening in community health centers: A randomized trial
Authors: Persell Stephen D. , Brown Tiffany , Lee Ji Young , Henley Eric , Long Timothy , Sanchez Thomas , Knight Regina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesLipid screening is central to cardiovascular risk assessment. We sought to determine whether a simple mailed outreach message and facilitated test ordering increase cholesterol screening among federally qualified community health center patients with no recent cholesterol screening test performed.MethodsUsing a patient‐randomized controlled trial, we examined the effects of delivering a simple mailed outreach intervention promoting cholesterol testing and facilitated test ordering (without requiring an office visit). Participants were adult patients 50 to 75 years old, with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and no cholesterol test within 5 years who had received care from community health centers in Illinois and Arizona. The intervention took place in 2014 and was powered to detect a 10% increase in screening due to the intervention.ResultsParticipantsˈ (n = 480) mean age was 57.5 years, 51.0% were male, and 43.8% were smokers. There was no significant difference between groups in the primary study outcome—completion of total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol tests or complete lipid panel within 3 months; 32 participants (13.3%) in intervention group versus 26 (10.8%) in control group met the primary outcome, with absolute difference of 2.5 percentage points (95% confidence interval −6.6 to 11.6).ConclusionsThis outreach intervention promoting cholesterol screening was ineffective. Interventions that attempt to minimize barriers to cholesterol screening on multiple fronts and that are more compelling to patients are needed.
Chemical Profiling of Different Types of Soy Sauce and the Relationship with its Sensory Attributes
Authors: Syifaa Alam Shah , Jinap Selamat , Sanny Maimunah , Khatib Alfi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFour types of soy sauce which are widely consumed and commercially available in Southeast Asia, namely sweet, salty, light and dark soy sauce were discriminated. A comprehensive chemical profiling such as sodium chloride, sugars, organic acids, total nitrogen and free amino acids were determined. The sensory attributes were determined using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and their relationship with chemical profiles were analyzed by multivariate approach using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Results showed that sugar was the dominant compound in sweet, salty and dark soy sauce. The sensory attributes such as color, caramel odor, viscosity and sweetness taste increased the overall acceptance in these types of soy sauce. In light soy sauce, sodium chloride, total nitrogen and free amino acids appeared to be dominant compound. It was found that saltiness and umami taste were the important sensory attributes that well‐characterized the taste of light soy sauce.Practical ApplicationsIn Southeast Asia, sweet, salty, light and dark types of soy sauce are very popular and commonly used in cooking and as a table condiment. Variations in raw materials used and different production process of different types of soy sauce may contribute to the different chemical profiles and sensory attribute of soy sauce. This aims of this study were to provide general understanding of the chemical characteristics in sweet, salty, light and dark types of soy sauce and highlight the differences between them. In addition, the results of this study can be used to provide additional data for the purpose of standardization and quality improvement of soy sauce production.
Comparison of Various RGB Image Features for Nondestructive Prediction of Ripening Quality of “Alphonso” Mangoes for Easy Adoptability in Machine Vision Applications: A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Eyarkai Nambi V. , Thangavel K. , Shahir S. , Thirupathi V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA study was conducted to predict ripening quality in mangoes using RGB images. Mature “Alphonso” mangoes were selected for experiments. During ripening, random samples were chosen at 24‐h interval for imaging and quality analysis. Hierarchical clustering method was employed to classify the ripening period into five stages based on quality parameters (physico‐chemical, color and textural properties). From each image, 18 features were extracted and evaluated in the prediction of ripening stages. From linear discriminant analysis, group of normalized differential index (NDI) and area features obtained from RGB channels were found better in prediction with 14.9 and 12.3% of misclassification, respectively. While employing quadratic discriminant analysis, NDI and area features predicted the ripening quality effectively with lowest misclassification of 7.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Cross and external validation of selected models had also shown effective results (96.3% correct prediction) with these features. The proposed image features are easy to extract with simple algorithms and useful to predict the ripening quality of mangoes, particularly in machine vision applications.Practical ApplicationsMango is one of the important climacteric fruits, having great demand in the world market. India is the market leader, exporting the mango fruits in fresh as well as processed form. Since, level of ripeness plays a major role in the final product quality, mango pack houses and processing industries need an easy, rapid non‐destructive quality detection mechanism for predicting the ripeness level of mangoes in order to get the desire optimum quality of final products. This study explains about the adoptability of RGB based image processing method for prediction of ripeness level as a nondestructive method with various image features. This study will be helpful to great extend in the process of predicting the ripeness level of mango using the proposed image features with suitable for machine vision systems.
Utilization of Heat‐Moisture Treated Proso Millet Flour in Production of Gluten‐Free Pound Cake
Authors: Fathi Bahareh , Aalami Mehran , Kashaninejad Mahdi , Sadeghi Mahoonak Alireza 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEffect of heat‐moisture treatment of proso millet flour on the quality of gluten‐free cake was investigated. Millet flour was treated with two different moisture contents (20% and 30%) at two temperatures (100C and 120C), and then different amounts (0–100%) of treated flours were used in cake formulation. The physicochemical and sensory properties of batters and cakes containing treated flours were studied. Results showed that using of heat‐moisture treated flour decreased specific gravity and increased consistency of batter. Incorporation of treated flour in cake formulation resulted in increased volume and subsequently decreased hardness of cake samples. However, utilization of heat‐moisture treated flour prepared at 30% moisture and 120C impaired the quality of cake. The cake sample containing 100% of this flour, was evaluated as unacceptable by panelists. However, utilization of 75% flour treated at 30% moisture and 100C could improve volume, color and texture of millet cakes without destroying of sensory acceptance.Practical ApplicationsDevelopment of gluten‐free bakery products has a growing market worldwide. Then food scientists are trying to improve the quality of these products. Results of the present study revealed the capability of heat‐moisture treatment to modify underused cereal (such as millet) flours for utilization in formulations of gluten‐free goods, improving their nutritional value and quality characteristics. The results of this study could be useful and applicable for the bakery industry.
Carrot Flour from Minimally Processed Residue as Substitute of β‐Carotene Commercial in Dry Pasta Prepared with Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Porto Dalla Costa Anne , Cruz Silveira Thys Roberta , De Oliveira Rios Alessandro , Hickmann Flôres Simone 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of carrot processing waste as a vegetable flour for the technological, sensorial and nutritional improvement the dried pasta and replace the additives currently used in pastas prepared exclusively with common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Samples were prepared with 10% and 20% carrot flour and compared with samples prepared with commercial β‐carotene. The cooked samples produced with 20% carrot flour showed an increase of 307% in carotenoid levels, 132% in total antioxidant capacity, and 608% in total fibers, and improvements in color when compared to the pastas with the addition of commercial β‐carotene. Furthermore, these samples had a high rate of acceptance by tasters during a sensory evaluation. The results showed that the exploitation of abundant and low‐cost wastes for the development of new natural ingredients with functional appeal is very attractive.Practical ApplicationsThe manufactured wheat pasta in Brazil is made mostly of carotenoid‐poor common wheat, in this way, the fortification with provitamin A is required due to absence of the orange color characteristic observed in durum wheat pasta. Due to the fact that the sustainability and the functional foods are currently attracting wide interest, the carrot residue flour is a potential ingredient to use in the food industry. As food colorant, the carrot flour improved the orange color retention after the cooking process, which ensures its potential use also in fresh pasta. Furthermore, the cooked pasta produced with 20% of carrot flour showed an increase in the carotenoids levels, in the total antioxidant capacity and in the fiber content, which indicates their potential use in other products, such as cookies, cakes, and breads, in order to improve their nutritional characteristics.
Growth and Volatile Compounds of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Irradiated Pork
Authors: Chen Juan , Tang Junni , Tang Cheng , Shi Hui , Gu Huaiyin , Lu Xiaozhu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe growth kinetics and volatile compounds of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on irradiated, cubed raw pork were investigated in this study. The results showed that the Gompertz model fitted the growth data of E. coli O157:H7 on pork with high R2 value, and the growth kinetic parameters exhibited respective features at different temperature and inoculum levels. For the volatile metabolites production of E. coli O157:H7, distinct variations occurred after the middle logarithmic phase of bacterial growth. Indole showed a rapid and obvious increase at the onset of the static phase; 2‐heptanone, 2‐nonanone and 2‐tridecanone followed the trend of bacterial growth with lag, logarithmic and static phases; the signal intensities of 1‐hexanol and 1‐octanol increased at the logarithmic phase and decreased at the static phase.Practical ApplicationsThe relationship between growth and volatile production of E. coli O157:H7 on raw pork would provide some fundamental scientific data for the emerging odor inspection technique.