bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying demographic impacts of different fisheries on three Mediterranean seabird species
Authors: Genovart Meritxell , Doak Daniel F. , Igual José‐Manuel , Sponza Stefano , Kralj Jelena , Oro Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFisheries have an enormous economic importance, but reconciling their socio‐economic features with the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems presents major challenges. Bycatch mortality from fisheries is clearly among the most serious global threats for marine ecosystems, affecting a wide range of top predators. Recent estimates report ca. 200,000 seabirds killed annually by bycatch in European waters. However, there is an urgent need to rigorously estimate actual mortality rates and quantify effects of bycatch on populations. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted regions. Here, we estimate for the first time both bycatch mortality rates and their population‐level effects on three endemic and vulnerable Mediterranean taxa: Scopoli's shearwater, Mediterranean shag, and Audouin's gull, that die in different types of fishing gears: longlines, gillnets and sport trolling, respectively. We use multi‐event capture–recapture modelling to estimate crucial demographic parameters, including the probabilities of dying in different fishing gears. We then build stochastic demography models to forecast the viability of the populations under different management scenarios. Longline bycatch was particularly severe for adults of Scopoli's shearwaters and Audouin's gulls (ca. 28% and 23% of total mortality, respectively) and also for immature gulls (ca. 90% of mortality). Gillnets had a lower impact, but were still responsible for ca. 9% of juvenile mortality on shags, whereas sport trolling only slightly influenced total mortality in gulls. Bycatch mortality has high population‐level impacts in all three species, with shearwaters having the highest extinction risk under current mortality rates. Different life‐history traits and compensatory demographic mechanisms between the three species are probably influencing the different bycatch impact: for shearwaters, urgent conservation actions are required to ensure the viability of their populations. Results will be very useful for guiding future seabird conservation policies and moving towards an ecosystem‐based approach to sustainable fisheries management.
Early stage dissolution characteristics of aluminosilicate glasses with blast furnace slag‐ and fly‐ash‐like compositions
Authors: Newlands Katrina C. , Foss Morten , Matchei Thomas , Skibsted Jørgen , Macphee Donald E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSupplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have been used by the cement industry for decades to partly replace the portland cement fraction of concrete binders. This is particularly important today in addressing CO2 emissions from the cement manufacturing process. However, defining the reactivity of these mainly aluminosilicate‐based materials and their influence on portland cement hydration chemistry has challenged the research community and has limited SCM replacement levels in cementitious binders. In this study, aluminosilicate glasses as models for blast furnace slag and fly‐ash systems were synthesized and exposed to different activator solutions in a continuously stirred closed system reactor for a period up to 3 hours. Solution compositions were measured from the very first minutes of dissolution and correlated with results from complementary solid surface analysis. Initial Ca concentration maxima in the first 30 minutes of exposure to the activating solution was a common feature in most dissolution profiles with a subsequent rapid decline attributable to Ca‐reincorporation on the reacting surface. Surface‐specific analysis confirmed Ca and Al enrichment at the surface, suggesting the formation of a Ca‐modified aluminosilicate layer, supporting a dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanism for SCM reactivity. Differing chemistries are thought to be responsible for the Ca and Al reintegration on the reacting surface depending on the pH of the solution; near‐neutral conditions favor Ca‐readsorption and surface condensation reactions, whereas alkaline solutions favor Ca‐reintegration via covalently bound phases.
Connective tissue graft and tunnel or trapezoidal flap for the treatment of single maxillary gingival recessions: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Silveira Camila Augusto , Mathias Ingrid Fernandes , Fernandes‐Dias Stephanie Botti , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough ample evidence supports connective tissue graft (CTG) use for root coverage, there is need for research on recipient site preparation approaches. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of trapezoidal coronally advanced flap (CAF) and coronally advanced tunnel flap (TUN) when used in conjunction with CTG.MethodsForty‐two patients presenting 42 single maxillary, Miller Class I and II, gingival recession defects were randomly assigned to receive either CAF + CTG (N = 21) or TUN + CTG (N = 21). Clinical, patient‐centred, and aesthetic outcomes were assessed.ResultsSix months postoperatively, both groups resulted in significant reduction in recession depth and increases in keratinized tissue thickness and width. CAF + CTG and TUN + CTG mean root coverage was 87.2 ± 27.1% and 77.4 ± 20.4% respectively (p = 0.02). Complete root coverage was achieved in 71.4% and 28.6% of defects treated with CAF + CTG and TUN + CTG respectively (p = 0.01). At 7 days postoperatively, TUN + CTG patients reported significantly less pain experience (p = 0.04). Both approaches reduced dentine hypersensitivity by approximately 85% (p < 0.05). Patient‐based aesthetic evaluation indicated significant improvement for both groups. Although patient‐ and professional‐based aesthetic assessments revealed no differences between groups, tissue texture was significantly better for TUN + CTG (p = 0.02).ConclusionsFor root coverage of single maxillary recession defects, CAF + CTG was more effective than TUN + CTG (ClinicalTrial.org‐NCT02814279).
Genetic Determinism vs. Phenotypic Plasticity in Protist Morphology
Authors: Mulot Matthieu , Marcisz Katarzyna , Grandgirard Lara , Lara Enrique , Kosakyan Anush , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Payne Richard J. , Mitchell Edward A. D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUntangling the relationships between morphology and phylogeny is key to building a reliable taxonomy, but is especially challenging for protists, where the existence of cryptic or pseudocryptic species makes finding relevant discriminant traits difficult. Here we use Hyalosphenia papilio (a testate amoeba) as a model species to investigate the contribution of phylogeny and phenotypic plasticity in its morphology. We study the response of H. papilio morphology (shape and pores number) to environmental variables in (i) a manipulative experiment with controlled conditions (water level), (ii) an observational study of a within‐site natural ecological gradient (water level), and (iii) an observational study across 37 European peatlands (climate). We showed that H. papilio morphology is correlated to environmental conditions (climate and water depth) as well as geography, while no relationship between morphology and phylogeny was brought to light. The relative contribution of genetic inheritance and phenotypic plasticity in shaping morphology varies depending on the taxonomic group and the trait under consideration. Thus, our data call for a reassessment of taxonomy based on morphology alone. This clearly calls for a substantial increase in taxonomic research on these globally still under‐studied organisms leading to a reassessment of estimates of global microbial eukaryotic diversity.
Associations of domain‐specific physical activities with insomnia symptoms among 0.5 million Chinese adults
Authors: Zheng Bang , Yu Canqing , Lin Liling , Du Huaidong , Lv Jun , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , Yu Min , Li Jianguo , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming ,   The China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: February 2017

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated the association between physical activity and sleep quality. However, there is little evidence regarding different domains of physical activity. This study aimed to examine the associations between domain‐specific physical activities and insomnia symptoms among Chinese men and women. Data of 452 024 Chinese adults aged 30–79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank Study were analysed. Insomnia symptoms were assessed with self‐reported difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, daytime dysfunction and any insomnia symptoms. Physical activity assessed by questionnaire consisted of four domains, including occupational, commuting‐related, household and leisure‐time activities. Gender‐specific multiple logistic regression models were employed to estimate independent associations of overall and domain‐specific physical activities with insomnia symptoms. Overall, 12.9% of men and 17.8% of women participants reported having insomnia symptoms. After adjustment for potential confounders, a moderate to high level of overall activity was associated with reduced risks of difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep and daytime dysfunction in both sexes (odds ratios range: 0.87–0.94, P < 0.05). As to each domain of physical activity, similar associations were identified for occupational, household and leisure‐time activities in women but not men (odds ratios range: 0.84–0.94, P < 0.05). Commuting‐related activity, however, was associated with increased risks of difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep and any insomnia symptoms in both sexes (odds ratios range: 1.07–1.17, P < 0.05). In conclusion, a moderate to high level of physical activity was associated with lower risks of insomnia symptoms among Chinese adults. However, such associations varied hugely in different domains of physical activity and with gender differences, which could help with better policy‐making and clinical practice.
Using dogs to find cats: detection dogs as a survey method for wide‐ranging cheetah
Authors: Becker M. S. , Durant S. M. , Watson F. G. R. , Parker M. , Gottelli D. , M'soka J. , Droge E. , Nyirenda M. , Schuette P. , Dunkley S. , Brummer R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRapid global large carnivore declines make evaluations of remaining populations critical. Yet landscape‐scale evaluations of presence, abundance and distribution are difficult, as many species are wide‐ranging, occur only at low densities and are elusive. Insufficient information‐gathering tools for many large carnivore species compounds these challenges. Specially trained detection dogs have demonstrated effectiveness for carnivore surveys, but are untested on extremely sparse, wide‐ranging species, such as cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. In this study, we conducted the first rigorous cheetah survey using detection dogs in a key transboundary area in the remote Liuwa–Mussuma Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) in Western Zambia. We proposed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of detection dog versus spoor surveys in detecting cheetah presence; (2) extract and analyze DNA from scat samples to estimate minimum population size and genetic effective population size; (3) determine the extent of cheetah occurrence in the unprotected transboundary corridor. Two detection dog teams surveyed 2432 km2 containing 74 randomly located transects in the transfrontier area. Twenty‐seven cheetah scats were detected and confirmed by genetic analysis, while no cheetah spoor was detected, clearly demonstrating the superiority of detection dogs in detecting cheetah presence. Combining scat samples with opportunistically collected samples, we estimated 17–19 cheetahs, an effective population size of 8–14 and a density of 5.9–6.6 per 1000 km2. Cheetah utilized key transfrontier areas outside of the national park; however, because utilization appears low, improved connectivity and protection for these areas are critical. Approximately one third of Africa's estimated cheetah resides in protected areas, with 87% in transboundary areas. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of detection dog survey methods in providing information on cheetah across large landscapes. It will have particular value in areas where other survey means may be impossible, such as TFCAs, where size, remoteness and lack of accessibility often make traditional survey methods difficult or cost prohibitive.
Fungal adaptation to contemporary fungicide applications: the case of Botrytis cinerea populations from Champagne vineyards (France)
Authors: Walker A.‐S. , Ravigne V. , Rieux A. , Ali S. , Carpentier F. , Fournier E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn addition to being one of the most acute problems impeding chemical control of fungal diseases, the evolution of fungicide resistance is an emblematic case of local adaptation to spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable selection pressures. Here we dissected the adaptation of Botrytis cinerea (the causal agent of grey mould) populations on grapes to several fungicides. We carried out a 2‐year survey (four collection dates) on three treated/untreated pairs of plots from vineyards in Champagne (France) and monitored the frequency of four resistant phenotypes that are unambiguously associated with four distinct genotypes. For two loci under selection by currently used fungicides (MDR1 and MDR2), the frequencies of resistant mutations at vintage were greater in treated plots compared to untreated plots, showing that the effect of selection is detectable even at the plot scale. This effect was not detectable for two other loci under selection by previously used fungicides (BenR1 and ImiR1). We also found that treatment with currently used fungicides reduced B. cinerea effective population size, leading to a significant decrease in genic diversity and allelic richness in treated vs. untreated plots. We further highlight that even under ample drift and migration, fungal populations can present an efficient response to selection. Finally, for the four studied loci, the costs of fungicide resistance were estimated by modelling the decrease in the frequency of resistant mutations in the absence of treatment. We discuss the importance of these estimates for defining strategies for limiting or counteracting the local adaptation of pests to fungicides.
Comparison of motor diagnoses by Chicago Classification versions 2.0 and 3.0 on esophageal high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Patel A. , Cassell B. , Sainani N. , Wang D. , Shahid B. , Bennett M. , Mirza F. A. , Munigala S. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Chicago Classification (CC) uses high‐resolution manometry (HRM) software tools to designate esophageal motor diagnoses. We evaluated changes in diagnostic designations between two CC versions, and determined motor patterns not identified by either version.MethodsIn this observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing esophageal HRM over a 6‐year period, proportions meeting CC 2.0 and 3.0 criteria were segregated into esophageal outflow obstruction, hypermotility, and hypomotility disorders. Contraction wave abnormalities (CWA), and ‘normal’ cohorts were recorded. Symptom burden was characterized using dominant symptom intensity and global symptom severity. Motor diagnoses, presenting symptoms, and symptom burden were compared between CC 2.0 and 3.0, and in cohorts not meeting CC diagnoses.Key ResultsOf 2569 eligible studies, 49.9% met CC 2.0 criteria, but only 40.3% met CC 3.0 criteria (P<.0001). Between CC 2.0 and 3.0, 82.8% of diagnoses were concordant. Discordance resulted from decreasing proportions of hypermotility (4.4%) and hypomotility (9.0%) disorders, and increase in ‘normal’ designations (13.0%); esophageal outflow obstruction showed the least variation between CC versions. Symptom burden was higher with CC 3.0 diagnoses (P≤.005) but not with CC 2.0 diagnoses (P≥.1). Within ‘normal’ cohorts for both CC versions, CWA were associated with higher likelihood of esophageal symptoms, especially dysphagia, regurgitation, and heartburn, compared to truly normal studies (P≤.02 for each comparison).Conclusions and InferencesDespite lower sensitivity, CC 3.0 identifies esophageal motor disorders with higher symptom burden compared to CC 2.0. CWA, which are associated with both transit and perceptive symptoms, are not well identified by either version.
Pathophysiology of fecal incontinence in obese patients: A prospective case‐matched study of 201 patients
Authors: Brochard C. , Vénara A. , Bodère A. , Ropert A. , Bouguen G. , Siproudhis L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundObesity is an emerging risk factor for fecal incontinence (FI). The aim of this study was to characterize pathophysiologic mechanisms of FI in obese patients compared with non‐obese patients in a prospective case‐matched study.MethodsThe general characteristics and data of the anorectal manometry and endosonography of patients who were evaluated for FI at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were prospectively assessed. Fecal incontinence was defined by a Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) >4. Obesity was defined by a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Obese patients were case‐matched with two age‐ and sex‐matched non‐obese patients.Key ResultsA total of 201 patients were included (67 obese matched with 134 non‐obese). The CCIS, Knowles‐Eccersley‐Scott Symptom Constipation Score and quality of life score were comparable between obese and non‐obese patients with FI. Factors significantly associated with obesity in FI patients were cholecystectomy (odds ratio [OR]=3.45 [1.19‐10.32], P=.0230), irritable bowel syndrome ‐ diarrhea (OR=2.94 [1.22‐7.19], P=.0158), upper part of the anal canal resting pressure ≥22 mm Hg (OR=3.45 [1.45‐8.76], P=.0045), maximum rectal tolerable volume ≥240 mL (OR=3.14 [1.34‐7.54], P=.0082), and abdominal pressure ≥28 mm Hg (OR=2.75 [1.13‐7.33], P=.0248) by multivariate analysis.Conclusions & InferencesObese patients with FI had a comparable severity of FI to that of non‐obese patients with FI. Regarding obesity in patients with FI, physicians should focus on stool consistency.
Who is a Distracted Driver? Associations between Mobile Phone Use while Driving, Domain‐Specific Risk Taking, and Personality
Authors: Sween Madison , Ceschi Andrea , Tommasi Francesco , Sartori Riccardo , Weller Joshua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMobile phone use while driving (MPUWD) is an increasingly common form of distracted driving. Given its widespread prevalence, it is important for researchers to identify factors that may predict who is more likely to engage in this risky behavior. The current study investigates associations between MPUWD risk behaviors, domain‐specific risk perceptions, and broad personality dimensions. An Italian community sample (n = 804) completed a survey regarding MPUWD risk perceptions and engagement in MPUWD, in addition to the HEXACO‐PI‐R, a broad six‐factor personality inventory (honesty‐humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience), and the DOSPERT, a six‐factor domain‐specific self‐report risk‐taking measure (health/safety, recreational, social, ethical, gambling, and investment). With respect to domain‐specific risk taking, greater frequency of SMS use while driving most strongly was associated with greater risk taking for the health/safety, gambling, and ethical risk domains. Further, greater honesty‐humility and conscientiousness, two traits related to cognitive control and risk behaviors, and to a lesser extent openness to experience, were associated with less frequent MPUWD, and positively associated with MPUWD risk perceptions. With growing public safety concern surrounding MPUWD, understanding associated personality factors is not only important for identifying psychological mechanisms underlying risk behavior, but also for more effective prevention and intervention programs.
Spatial Optimization of Future Urban Development with Regards to Climate Risk and Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Caparros‐Midwood Daniel , Barr Stuart , Dawson Richard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFuture development in cities needs to manage increasing populations, climate‐related risks, and sustainable development objectives such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Planners therefore face a challenge of multidimensional, spatial optimization in order to balance potential tradeoffs and maximize synergies between risks and other objectives. To address this, a spatial optimization framework has been developed. This uses a spatially implemented genetic algorithm to generate a set of Pareto‐optimal results that provide planners with the best set of trade‐off spatial plans for six risk and sustainability objectives: (i) minimize heat risks, (ii) minimize flooding risks, (iii) minimize transport travel costs to minimize associated emissions, (iv) maximize brownfield development, (v) minimize urban sprawl, and (vi) prevent development of greenspace. The framework is applied to Greater London (U.K.) and shown to generate spatial development strategies that are optimal for specific objectives and differ significantly from the existing development strategies. In addition, the analysis reveals tradeoffs between different risks as well as between risk and sustainability objectives. While increases in heat or flood risk can be avoided, there are no strategies that do not increase at least one of these. Tradeoffs between risk and other sustainability objectives can be more severe, for example, minimizing heat risk is only possible if future development is allowed to sprawl significantly. The results highlight the importance of spatial structure in modulating risks and other sustainability objectives. However, not all planning objectives are suited to quantified optimization and so the results should form part of an evidence base to improve the delivery of risk and sustainability management in future urban development.
Vitamin E nanoemulsion activity on stored red blood cells
Authors: Silva C. A. L. , Azevedo Filho C. A. , Pereira G. , Silva D. C. N. , Castro M. C. A. B. , Almeida A. F. , Lucena S. C. A. , Santos B. S. , Barjas‐Castro M. L. , Fontes A. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundStored red blood cells (RBCs) undergo numerous changes that have been termed RBC storage lesion, which can be related to oxidative damage. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant, acting on cell lipids. Thus, this study aimed to investigate vitamin E activity on stored RBCs.MethodsWe prepared a vitamin E nanoemulsion that was added to RBC units and stored at 4 °C. Controls, without vitamin E, were kept under the same conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored for up to 35 days of storage. RBC elasticity was also evaluated using an optical tweezer system.ResultsVitamin E‐treated samples presented a significant decrease in ROS production. Additionally, the elastic constant for vitamin E‐treated RBCs did not differ from the control.ConclusionVitamin E decreased the amount of ROS in stored RBCs. Because vitamin E acts on lipid oxidation, results suggest that protein oxidation should also be considered a key factor for erythrocyte elastic properties. Thus, further studies combining vitamin E with protein antioxidants deserve attention, aiming to better preserve overall stored RBC properties.