bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability-Free Life Expectancy Over 30 Years: A Growing Female Disadvantage in the US Population
Authors: Freedman Vicki A. , Wolf Douglas A. , Spillman Brenda C. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To examine changes in active life expectancy in the United States over 30 years for older men and women (aged ≥ 65 years). Methods. We used the 1982 and 2004 National Long Term Care Survey and the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study to estimate age-specific mortality and disability rates, the overall chances of survival and of surviving without disability, and years of active life for men and women. Results. For older men, longevity has increased, disability has been postponed to older ages, disability prevalence has fallen, and the percentage of remaining life spent active has increased. However, for older women, small longevity increases have been accompanied by even smaller postponements in disability, a reversal of a downward trend in moderate disability, and stagnation of active life as a percentage of life expectancy. As a consequence, older women no longer live more active years than men, despite their longer lives. Conclusions. Neither a compression nor expansion of late-life disability is inevitable. Public health measures directed at older women to postpone disability may be needed to offset impending long-term care pressures related to population aging.
DISPERSION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS. IV. ANALYSIS OF INTERFEROMETRY DATA
Authors: Houde Martin , Hull Charles L. H. , Plambeck Richard L. , Vaillancourt John E. , Hildebrand Roger H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We expand on the dispersion analysis of polarimetry maps toward applications to interferometry data. We show how the filtering of low spatial frequencies can be accounted for within the idealized Gaussian turbulence model, initially introduced for single-dish data analysis, to recover reliable estimates for correlation lengths of magnetized turbulence, as well as magnetic field strengths (plane-of-the-sky component) using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method. We apply our updated technique to TADPOL/CARMA data obtained on W3(OH), W3 Main, and DR21(OH). For W3(OH), our analysis yields a turbulence correlation length

mpc, a ratio of turbulent-to-total magnetic energy

, and a magnetic field strength

for W3 Main

mpc,

, and

while for DR21(OH)

mpc,

, and

.
DISENTANGLING THE ICL WITH THE CHEFs: ABELL 2744 AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Jiménez-Teja Y. , Dupke R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the intracluster light (ICL) are still prone to methodological ambiguities, and there are multiple techniques in the literature to address them, mostly based on the binding energy, the local density distribution, or the surface brightness. A common issue with these methods is the a priori assumption of a number of hypotheses on either the ICL morphology, its surface brightness level, or some properties of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). The discrepancy in the results is high, and numerical simulations just place a boundary on the ICL fraction in present-day galaxy clusters in the range 10%–50%. We developed a new algorithm based on the Chebyshev–Fourier functions to estimate the ICL fraction without relying on any a priori assumption about the physical or geometrical characteristics of the ICL. We are able to not only disentangle the ICL from the galactic luminosity but mark out the limits of the BCG from the ICL in a natural way. We test our technique with the recently released data of the cluster Abell 2744, observed by the Frontier Fields program. The complexity of this multiple merging cluster system and the formidable depth of these images make it a challenging test case to prove the efficiency of our algorithm. We found a final ICL fraction of 19.17 ± 2.87%, which is very consistent with numerical simulations.
GRAIN SIZE CONSTRAINTS ON HL TAU WITH POLARIZATION SIGNATURE
Authors: Kataoka Akimasa , Muto Takayuki , Momose Munetake , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Dullemond Cornelis P 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The millimeter-wave polarization of the protoplanetary disk around HL Tau has been interpreted as the emission from elongated dust grains aligned with the magnetic field in the disk. However, the self-scattering of thermal dust emission may also explain the observed millimeter-wave polarization. In this paper, we report a modeling of the millimeter-wave polarization of the HL Tau disk with the self-polarization. Dust grains are assumed to be spherical and to have a power-law size distribution. We change the maximum grain size with a fixed dust composition in a fixed disk model to find the grain size to reproduce the observed signature. We find that the direction of the polarization vectors and the polarization degree can be explained with the self-scattering. Moreover, the polarization degree can be explained only if the maximum grain size is ∼150 μm. The obtained grain size from the polarization is different from that which has been previously expected from the spectral index of the dust opacity coefficient (a millimeter or larger) if the emission is optically thin. We discuss that porous dust aggregates may solve the inconsistency of the maximum grain size between the two constraints.
THE DETECTION RATE OF EARLY UV EMISSION FROM SUPERNOVAE: A DEDICATED GALEX/PTF SURVEY AND CALIBRATED THEORETICAL ESTIMATES
Authors: Ganot Noam , Gal-Yam Avishay , Ofek Eran. O. , Sagiv Ilan , Waxman Eli , Lapid Ofer , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Ben-Ami Sagi , Kasliwal Mansi M. ,   (The ULTRASAT Science Team), Chelouche Doron , Rafter Stephen , Behar Ehud , Laor Ari , Poznanski Dovi , Nakar Ehud , Maoz Dan , Trakhtenbrot Benny ,   (The WTTH consortium), Neill James D. , Barlow Thomas A. , Martin Christofer D. , Gezari Suvi ,   (the GALEX Science Team), Arcavi Iair , Bloom Joshua S. , Nugent Peter E. , Sullivan Mark ,   (The Palomar Transient Factory)
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The radius and surface composition of an exploding massive star, as well as the explosion energy per unit mass, can be measured using early UV observations of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We present the first results from a simultaneous GALEX/PTF search for early ultraviolet (UV) emission from SNe. Six SNe II and one Type II superluminous SN (SLSN-II) are clearly detected in the GALEX near-UV (NUV) data. We compare our detection rate with theoretical estimates based on early, shock-cooling UV light curves calculated from models that fit existing Swift and GALEX observations well, combined with volumetric SN rates. We find that our observations are in good agreement with calculated rates assuming that red supergiants (RSGs) explode with fiducial radii of 500 R
⊙, explosion energies of 1051 erg, and ejecta masses of 10 M
⊙. Exploding blue supergiants and Wolf–Rayet stars are poorly constrained. We describe how such observations can be used to derive the progenitor radius, surface composition, and explosion energy per unit mass of such SN events, and we demonstrate why UV observations are critical for such measurements. We use the fiducial RSG parameters to estimate the detection rate of SNe during the shock-cooling phase (<1 day after explosion) for several ground-based surveys (PTF, ZTF, and LSST). We show that the proposed wide-field UV explorer ULTRASAT mission is expected to find >85 SNe per year (∼0.5 SN per deg2), independent of host galaxy extinction, down to an NUV detection limit of 21.5 mag AB. Our pilot GALEX/PTF project thus convincingly demonstrates that a dedicated, systematic SN survey at the NUV band is a compelling method to study how massive stars end their life.
First record of Euxestonotus error (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America
Authors: Echegaray E.R. , Stougaard R.N. , Bohannon B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEuxestonotus error (Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is considered part of the natural enemy complex of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Although previously reported in the United States of America, there is no record for this species outside the state of New York since 1865. A survey conducted in the summer of 2015 revealed that E. error is present in northwestern Montana and is likely playing a role in the suppression of wheat midge populations.
Acerca de termos para Dinheiro
Authors: Peixoto da Fonseca Fernando Venâncio 
Published: March 2016

Ha sesenta anos editava o jomal A Voz um interessante suplemento infantil denominado 0 Tiroliro, cujo director se ocultava sob o nome de tio Tiroliro. Em 27 de Agosto de 1939, ana XI da sua publicação, em o número 525, página 5, vem uma útil e curiosa lista que apresenta alguns sinónimos da palavra dinheiro, subscrito por urn tal Zé e intitulado Auxiliar das "Lecas". Começamos este breve artigo dando por ordem alfabetico, como la vern o referido do elenco. Os vocábulos, assim lá afirmam, não constituem "a sua totalidade, más são possivelmente a maior parte".
Introducción
Authors: Prenz Juan Octavio 
Published: March 2016

Nuestro colega, Juan Octavia Prenz, ha obtenido el Premia Casa de las Américas 1992, en la sección Poesía con su libra La Santa Pinta de Ia Niña María.La distinción consiste en 3.000 dólares y la publicación del volumen premiado. lntegraron el jurado, en esta oportunidad, el critico e historiador de la literatura española, José María Valverde, catedrático de Ia Universidad de Barcelona, el crítico argentino y profesor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Noé Jitrik, y los poetas Oscar Hann, chilena, y Francisco D'Oráa, cubano. En los considerandos del jurado se lee: Poetización de la historia (en buena medida la del Descubrimiento y Colonización) es especie anecdótica (en ocasiones presumiblemente imaginaria ), con el aura lírica de lo real maravilloso americana e imaginación de cielto matiz borgiano, a escasas veces obvia pero generalmente fascinante. Poemas en prosa al fin, su forma expresiva es directa, escueta, pero impecable y necesaria.
Curiosidad y mediación Del Lucio de Apuleyo al Anselmo/Lotario de Cervantes
Authors: Bernal Antonio Preciado 
Published: March 2016

Somos de la opinión de que El Curiosa lmpertinente (Torno II, Caps. 23, 24 y 25) no se puede analizar sin tener en cuenta la gran cornice constituida por la novela que lo rodea, Las aventuras del Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha; no es menos cierto que este relato tiene una autonomía y se puede analizar también sin entrar en los paralelismos estructurales que indudablemente tiene con el todo de la obra. Estos paralelismos comienzan ya desde su colocación, no por azar simultánea en el tiempo de la narración ala lucha de don Quijote con los cueros de vino -clara referenda al episodio de Lucio y los odres de vino en el Asno de Oro de Apuleyo, la más elegante obra latina sobre la curiositas.
Salomón usque: una apostilla a la traducción del canzoniere de petrarca
Authors: Piñas Jorge Canals 
Published: March 2016

Al estudio de las traducciones de antaiio es inherente "el cotejo escrupuloso de un crecido número de traducciones con sus originales". Extendido a un amplio número de obras, dicho análisis permite profundizar nuestro conocimiento de la teoría de la traducción en siglos pasados, estudiar el complejo proceso de trasvase del texto a otro ambiente cultural y lingüístico, asi como adentramos, a traves del quehacer dellector-intérpretetraductor, en la recepción y difusión de los textos de los autores clásicos.
Dos presos de la nación: El Patriarca en El Otoño del Patriarca de Gabriel García Márquez El Primer Magistrado en el Recurso del Método de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Geršak Urša 
Published: March 2016

El presente trabajo trata el problema de la dictadura y del dictador en la literatura, pero también en su contexto social e histórico. Lo problematiza como fenómeno total, tratando primero acercarse con una explicación semántica, luego histórica y social, dar un repaso por la literatura del género, para luego concentrarse en dos obras sobre el dictador: El Otoño del Patriarca de García Márquez y el Recurso del Método de Carpentier. Ambas se editaron en los años setenta y contienen rasgos de las sociedades bajo regímenes dictatoriales. Intentamos aclarar el concepto de "América Latina", cómo está trabajado en ambas novelas, con especial atención a dos cuestiones sobresalientes: las intervenciones extranjeras y la represión, que junto al tema del "poder" son los temas centrales de las dos novelas.
Las técnicas narrativas de la novella Española de la posguerra, con la atención especial a la novella de los años
Authors: Kalenić Ramšak Branka 
Published: March 2016

En los años sesenta de la posguerra española aparecen tres novelas que pueden ser con­ sideradas como nove/as de ruptura: Tiempo de silencio (1962) de Luis Martín-Santos, Señas de identidad (1966) de Juan Goytisolo y Cinco horas con Mario (1966) de Miguel Delibes. Las tres obras son ejemplo de un nuevo paradigma en la narrativa española de posguerra que la historia y la crítica literaria suelen denominar realismo dialéctico. Este tipo de realismo introduce muchas novedades formales queriendo liberarse del realismo social o realismo objetivo, vigente en la literatura española de posguerra aproximadamente hasta los comienzos de los años sesenta. A pesar de muchas novedades formales, entre elias la más importante es la introducción de nuevas técnicas narrativas, las tres novelas guardan, sin embargo, muchas conexiones con Ia corriente precedente. Los autores mencionados intro­ ducen las novedades literarias sobre todo por dar una respuesta artísticamente adecuada a las condiciones agobiantes de la época franquista.
Trapping, chemistry, and export of trace gases in the South Asian summer monsoon observed during CARIBIC flights in 2008
Authors: Rauthe-Schöch Armin , Baker Angela K. , Schuck Tanja J. , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Zahn Andreas , Hermann Markus , Stratmann Greta , Ziereis Helmut , van Velthoven Peter F. J. , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) passenger aircraft observatory performed in situ measurements at 10–12 km altitude in the South Asian summer monsoon anticyclone between June and September 2008. These measurements enable us to investigate this atmospheric region (which so far has mostly been observed from satellites) using the broad suite of trace gases and aerosol particles measured by CARIBIC. Elevated levels of a variety of atmospheric pollutants (e.g. carbon monoxide, total reactive nitrogen oxides, aerosol particles, and several volatile organic compounds) were recorded. The measurements provide detailed information about the chemical composition of air in different parts of the monsoon anticyclone, particularly of ozone precursors. While covering a range of 3500 km inside the monsoon anticyclone, CARIBIC observations show remarkable consistency, i.e. with distinct latitudinal patterns of trace gases during the entire monsoon period. Using the CARIBIC trace gas and aerosol particle measurements in combination with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, we investigated the characteristics of monsoon outflow and the chemical evolution of air masses during transport. The trajectory calculations indicate that these air masses originated mainly from South Asia and mainland Southeast Asia. Estimated photochemical ages of the air were found to agree well with transport times from a source region east of 90–95° E. The photochemical ages of the air in the southern part of the monsoon anticyclone were systematically younger (less than 7 days) and the air masses were mostly in an ozone-forming chemical mode. In its northern part the air masses were older (up to 13 days) and had unclear ozone formation or destruction potential. Based on analysis of forward trajectories, several receptor regions were identified. In addition to predominantly westward transport, we found evidence for efficient transport (within 10 days) to the Pacific and North America, particularly during June and September, and also of cross-tropopause exchange, which was strongest during June and July. Westward transport to Africa and further to the Mediterranean was the main pathway during July.
Intra-interglacial climate variability: model simulations of Marine Isotope Stages 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15
Authors: Rachmayani Rima , Prange Matthias , Schulz Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) including a dynamic global vegetation model, a set of 13 time slice experiments was carried out to study global climate variability between and within the Quaternary interglacials of Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15. The selection of interglacial time slices was based on different aspects of inter- and intra-interglacial variability and associated astronomical forcing. The different effects of obliquity, precession, and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing on global surface temperature and precipitation fields are illuminated. In most regions seasonal surface temperature anomalies can largely be explained by local insolation anomalies induced by the astronomical forcing. Climate feedbacks, however, may modify the surface temperature response in specific regions, most pronounced in the monsoon domains and the polar oceans. GHG forcing may also play an important role for seasonal temperature anomalies, especially at high latitudes and early Brunhes interglacials (MIS 13 and 15) when GHG concentrations were much lower than during the later interglacials. High- versus low-obliquity climates are generally characterized by strong warming over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics and slight cooling in the tropics during boreal summer. During boreal winter, a moderate cooling over large portions of the Northern Hemisphere continents and a strong warming at high southern latitudes is found. Beside the well-known role of precession, a significant role of obliquity in forcing the West African monsoon is identified. Other regional monsoon systems are less sensitive or not sensitive at all to obliquity variations during interglacials. Moreover, based on two specific time slices (394 and 615 ka), it is explicitly shown that the West African and Indian monsoon systems do not always vary in concert, challenging the concept of a global monsoon system on astronomical timescales. High obliquity can also explain relatively warm Northern Hemisphere high-latitude summer temperatures despite maximum precession around 495 ka (MIS 13). It is hypothesized that this obliquity-induced high-latitude warming may have prevented a glacial inception at that time.
Het arrest Bouygues: het verband tussen de verstrekte staatsmiddelen en het verkregen voordeel
Authors: Saanen N. 
Published: March 2016

Het arrest Bouygues: het verband tussen de verstrekte staatsmiddelen en het verkregen voordeel
Kunnen publieke verklaringen van de staat, inhoudende dat de staat passende maatregelen zal nemen om te voorkomen dat een onderneming waarvan zij de meerderheid van de aandelen bezit, over de rand van een financiële afgrond zal duiken, een steunmaatregel in de zin van artikel 107 lid 1 VWEU opleveren? Het Hof van Justitie buigt zich in het arrest Bouygues over deze vraag en betreedt daarbij nieuwe grond door niet alleen te oordelen dat voor de staatssteunbeoordeling een samenstel van maatregelen die nauw verband met elkaar houden, als één optreden kan worden beschouwd, maar ook dat er weliswaar een directe band dient te bestaan tussen het voordeel voor de onderneming en de staatsmiddelen die (potentieel) worden overgedragen, maar dat het voordeel en de staatsmiddelen niet behoeven overeen te stemmen of gelijkwaardig hoeven te zijn.HvJ EU 19 maart 2013, gevoegde zaken C-399 en 401/10 P, Bouygues, n.n.g.
Het doel heiligt het middel? Over de noodzaak van uniforme criteria voor evaluatie van de effectiviteit en efficiëntie van de opsporing
Authors: van Toor Dave 
Published: March 2016

Does the end justify the means? A call for uniform criteria for the evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of criminal investigative methods
Both the Court of Justice and the regional Court of The Hague ruled the retention of telecommunications data directive and the Dutch Wet bewaarplicht telecommunicatiegegevens in violation of the right to respect for privacy. The police and the Dutch Prosecutors Office have attempted to clarify the importance of the retention for criminal investigation. However, without an efficiency and effectiveness assessment of the method to request and analyse telecommunication data, it is not possible to substantiate the significance of data retention. To ‘save’ the retention of telecommunication data in its current form, but also to assess the importance of the existing and new investigative methods, a thorough analysis is necessary.
Evolution of secondary defects in arsenic implanted Si
Authors: Zhu He , Wang Miao , Zhang Bingpo , Wu Huizhen , Sun Yan , Hu Gujin , Dai Ning 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Behavior of defects in ion-implanted semiconductors is an everlasting topic and becomes even more critical as semiconductor devices continuously shrink and ion implantation technique has been increasingly employed. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were employed to investigate the structural evolution of arsenic (As) implanted silicon (Si). Project range (PR) defects and end of range (EOR) dislocations are observed via HRTEM. EDX characterization proves the two types of defects are related to dopant atoms precipitations. The sizes of both PR defects and EOR dislocations enlarge at the expense of small ones with the elevation of annealing temperature. The characterizations of electrochemical capacitance–voltage and EDX conclude that the SiO2/Si interface is playing an indispensable role in the deactivation of dopant atoms during the annealing process. As atoms are detected in the As-implanted Si region near the SiO2/Si interface but not in the silica layer. Nanoparticles composed of Si atoms in the silica layer are observed in the 1150 °C-annealed samples, which proves the migration of oxygen atoms at the SiO2/Si interface.
Reliability investigation of high-k/metal gate in nMOSFETs by three-dimensional kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation with multiple trap interactions
Authors: Li Yun , Jiang Hai , Lun Zhiyuan , Wang Yijiao , Huang Peng , Hao Hao , Du Gang , Zhang Xing , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Degradation behaviors in the high-k/metal gate stacks of nMOSFETs are investigated by three-dimensional (3D) kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulation with multiple trap coupling. Novel microscopic mechanisms are simultaneously considered in a compound system: (1) trapping/detrapping from/to substrate/gate; (2) trapping/detrapping to other traps; (3) trap generation and recombination. Interacting traps can contribute to random telegraph noise (RTN), bias temperature instability (BTI), and trap-assisted tunneling (TAT). Simulation results show that trap interaction induces higher probability and greater complexity in trapping/detrapping processes and greatly affects the characteristics of RTN and BTI. Different types of trap distribution cause largely different behaviors of RTN, BTI, and TAT. TAT currents caused by multiple trap coupling are sensitive to the gate voltage. Moreover, trap generation and recombination have great effects on the degradation of HfO2-based nMOSFETs under a large stress.