bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming Visual Representations. Evolutions of Visual Identities between Tangible and Intangible
Authors: Guida Francesco Ermanno , Voltaggio Ernesto 
Published: July 2016

The communication design field it's considerably changed in the last 20 years and more as well as the role of the designer. Technology has modified the daily work tools and new possible relations between the designer, the commitment and the final user can be underlined. Observing some of the most experimental practices, new visual languages have draw the attention, affected by innovative approaches and mixed competencies. The area of visual identities is especially of interest, not excluding other areas of experimentations.The phenomenon of the so-called dynamic or post-logo identities underlined the possibilities of using more fluid and expressive, variable, context related, processual, performative, non-linear, consistent visual languages instead of the usual and static repetition of a logo or an imposed series of rules (Felsing, 2010). But also their contradictions in making recognizable an organization and in the visual identity daily management.An interesting evolution to be underlined is in the use of the digital tools, not anymore in a passive way but in an active way. Visual designers can build their digital tools basing them on design and esthetic needs. Innovation is in the creative process, instead of in the final result, is in the “way to live our own creativeness” as affirmed precisely by Soddu (1998).The designer is not anymore just the user of ready-made digital tools, becoming himself programmer of customized digital toolboxes by using open source codes like Processing or VVVV or hardware like Arduino. This allows to affirm that visual designers are are becoming designer-producers (Bianchini &amp; Maffei, 2012) too, as its happening for the colleagues of the product design field. Not just a DIY attitude but something that it's changing the control knobs of a design system in all its process and development. As far as technology support is relevant, technical matters are relegated in the background on behalf of abstraction and data parametrization that means on behalf of a meta-design level. The use of programming in creative and visual communication design processes “empowers the designer, freeing he from the constraints of predefined computational tools, and promoting creative freedom in the construction of visual metaphors” (Duro, Machado, Rebelo, 2012). The aim of this paper is to argue this recent evolution in the field of visual identities and in the wider area of communication design practices.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3334
Proposal for a systemic process: Managing the creative abilities of students pursuing the architectural studio at mexican universities.
Authors: Flores Miranda Margarita Beatriz 
Published: July 2016

“Education´s goal is the ability to master life with self-creative forces, in order to achieve something good and beautiful.” Götze, C. (1898). Das kind als Künstler Projects at Mexican schools of architecture often focus on conventional issues of dimension and function; in a country with the largest number of students in the architectural discipline there is an existing disinterest in the appropriation of knowledge, exploration of complexity, and expression of ideas. Such a disinterest calls for the evolution of architectural education. This research proposes it is possible to manage the creative forces of individuals. A working model composed of distinct components will be generated to stimulate areas related to artistic development. In preparation, essential components of the model have been extracted by analysis from the Bauhaus Preliminary Course developed by Johannes Itten, considering its influence on sequential tutors as well as its moment of historic implementation (1918-1923). The objective is to transform Itten´s pedagogy by means of a systemic design process focusing on the development of creative skills. The first methodological approach has been extracted from three of Itten’s thematic fields, each structured by a set of common elements: principle, objective, common material, exercises, and phases (Fig. 1). The sets are related according to their role in the development of talent as a means to discern and reveal artistic character: - BEING UNDER CONSTRUCTION: A physical-soul-spiritual unity that incorporates artistic education through exercises for awakening the body and intellectual harmonization (Fig. 1a). - BALANCED COMPOSITION: Refinement of the senses through intuitive analysis of artistic structures and a critical drawing of reality (Fig. 1b). - CONTRAST: The art of objectivity through the study of opposites: feeling-thinking, intuition-intellect, expression-construction (Fig. 1c). A responsible party, acting as structural element, directs the capacities stimulated within the group and materialized by cohesive exercises, guiding students to define an authentic trajectory: - FAMILIARIZATION: Understanding the bases. - EXPERIMENTATION: Articulation of new configurations. - APPROPRIATION: Creation from the unknown. - OPERATION: Execution in real-time. - REDIRECTION: Return to the origin to adjust and resume. By asserting the student is the center of his or her unique working model the implementation of this method in architectural studios allows for the assignment of any creative exercise and is suitable for all levels of investigation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3644
Termografia: ferramenta auxiliar na pesquisa de materiais e no design de produtos
Authors: Silva Júlio César Riccó Plácido , Mira Maria Do Rosário Gonçalves 
Published: July 2016

Termografia é um procedimento de medição passiva e sem contato, que apresenta a distribuição de temperatura na superfície de um material, que se apresenta como aporte para análises da condutividade térmica e auxiliar a da percepção tátil. Este equipamento possibilita ao designer reunir recursos adicionais em procedimento de mapeamento da relação de percepção, permitindo uma prospecção aprofundada e interior da matéria em estudo. O objeto em estudo é representado por um espectro de cores que exprime variações de temperatura e detalhes que são imperceptíveis a olho nu, que são registrados pela imagem gerada pelo equipamento, permitem a visualização de áreas e variações de emissão de calor da superfície do objeto. Tais dados se tornam diferenciais e indutivos para o processo de projeto. Considerando a importância da termografia, este artigo direciona seus estudos para validar esse instrumento auxiliar de coleta de dados, que permite compreender a percepção a partir da interação, do usuário com polímeros, identificando qualidades inerentes em cada tipo de material, indicando novas possibilidades e alternativas em seu uso. Plásticos ou polímeros, não são em si uma entidade única de material, mas muitas categorias com qualidades e propriedades específicas, representam uma classe a parte entre as modalidades de materiais. Usúarios utilizam-se da interação tátil, para avaliar estas qualidades. Mapear essa interação por meio da termografia pode fornecer dados de relevância para designers no desenvolvimento de produtos. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado a termo-câmera Flir Ex6 com detector de matriz de plano focal (FPA), microbolómetro não refrigerado, com gama espectral 7,5-13 μm. Para o corpo de amostras foram selecionados os polímeros: PP, PMMA, Poliestireno, PU e PVC em tamanho de 80 x 80mm e espessuras variando entre 3 e 5mm. A variação de espessuras se deve ao padrão de mercado. Participaram do estudo 15 participantes homens e mulheres, em idades variadas. Pretendeu-se verificar se a termografia se apresenta como uma ferramenta auxiliar em uma investigação para melhor interpretação de variáveis térmicas dos polímeros e averiguar tanto a sensibilidade de contato como a condutividade de cada material e se o fator de condutividade térmica altera a percepção de suas qualidades pelos usuários.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3651
A gestão de design na perspectiva da produção de ativos intangíves na agricultura familiar: Um estudio multicaso em Joinville e Blumenau no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Authors: Zacchi Giancarlo Philippi , Merino Giselle Schimdt , Merino Eugênio Andrés Diaz , Tomazi Adriana Alves , Cavalcanti Dione Benevenutti 
Published: July 2016

O Brasil apresenta 4,3 milhões de estabelecimentos agropecuários de natureza familiar. Representa 84% do total de módulos agrícolas do território. Mais de 12 milhões de pessoas ocupam 24% do território respondendo por 38% da renda bruta. Enquanto a agricultura patronal gera R$ 358,00 por hectare, a agricultura familiar gera R$ 677,00 sendo, 89% mais produtiva respondendo por 10% do PIB (BRASIL, 2010). A gestão de design pode oferecer melhores condições de competitividade, através dos ativos intangíveis desses empreendimentos. Santa Catarina contribui na dinâmica produtiva dessas cadeias de produção. São 168.544 unidades em 2.645.088 ha. O estado possui 90,5% desses estabelecimentos que ocupam 87% da área agrícola respondendo a 71,3% do valor bruto da produção, gerando mais de 240 mil empregos, 17% da força de trabalho. Mesmo assim a agricultura familiar catarinense enfrenta problemas de competitividade, de diferenciação e de sustentabilidade de seus negócios, produtos e serviços, prejudicando um mercado de 1.520.085 habitantes nas microrregiões de Blumenau e de Joinville. Este fato desencadeia impactos nos ecossistemas agroecológicos. A gestão de design a partir das dimensões sociais, econômicas e ambientais agrega valor aos produtos e seus produtores através da produção de ativos intangíveis que possibilita a penetração em novos mercados. Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados do estudo realizado nos empreendimentos das duas microrregiões de Joinville e Blumenau, em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa possui objetivos exploratórios, natureza aplicada e forma de abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo estudo multicaso em 26 empreendimentos. Os resultados apontam que na microrregião de Blumenau, foram implementadas melhorias no ponto de venda para exposição atrativa das mercadorias, melhorando o ambiente de trabalho; ações de branding/naming, criação de marca gráfica e linguagem visual padronizada, envolvendo questões legais como o registro de marca, nome fantasia e nome empresarial e serviços para melhorar a experiência de compra e a conscientização sobre hábitos saudáveis; criação de tags informativas para os produtos; plaquinhas com nome / preço dos produtos; cartaz institucional do produtor; quadro negro com produtos do dia e cestos de vime para expor os produtos. Na microrregião de Joinville, o efeito final foi à identidade visual, nas embalagens, uniformes, papelaria, aplicações de identidade visual nos meios de transporte da cooperativa e estudos ergonômicos para despencamento das pencas de banana. Com isso os estudos diagnósticos elaborados nas duas microrregiões do Estado, incrementam as propriedades rurais e pesqueiras através da gestão de design.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3748
Reciclaje de plásticos de consumo masivo. Caso comunidad de reciclaje Nashira
Authors: Orozco Echeverri Lina Marcela , Neira Liscano Henry Sneyder , Ramirez Triana Nelida Yaneth 
Published: July 2016

Desde sus orígenes los plásticos han revolucionado el mundo debido a su versatilidad frente a otros materiales, sin embargo, el volumen de material ha crecido ostensiblemente como se registra en los datos de Plastics (2015), donde se afirma que 311 millones de toneladas de plástico se han producido en el mundo en el año 2014. De otra parte, según el informe del Banco Internacional de Desarrollo (2011), el negocio del reciclaje en Latinoamérica, es en su mayoría informal, los recicladores desempeñan una labor ambiental importante siendo ellos quienes recolectan el 60.9% de los residuos reciclables (en Colombia), estos trabajadores obtienen una remuneración muy baja aun cuando manipulan materias primas con alto valor económico, siendo sus ingresos mensuales en promedio 22,14 USD es decir menos de un dólar diario, lo cual establece índices de pobreza absoluta y hace necesario intervenir con el fin de dignificar el trabajo y erradicar la pobreza extrema. (Programa de Naciones Unidas , 2015). Con estos elementos preliminares del volumen de materiales plásticos y el trabajo subvalorado de los recicladores, este proyecto propone reciclar plásticos desarrollando una extrusora que produzca la transformación del material plástico de consumo masivo desechado, en filamento para impresión 3D, -teniendo en cuenta la emergente masificación de las impresoras 3D FDM (Fused Deposition Material)- Este trabajo es desarrollado en conjunto con una comunidad de “reciclaje Nashira” en el Bolo San Isidro, corregimiento del Valle del Cauca - Colombia y plantea su desarrollo a través de metodologías de co-diseño incluyendo a la comunidad activamente en el proyecto (Sanders &amp; Stappers, 2014), a su vez es necesario abordar los elementos claves de este proceso mediante estrategias sistémicas de desarrollo de producto (Hernandis, 2015), así a partir de este enfoque se define la configuración del objeto final con el diseño como medio transformador de aspectos intangibles como el conocimiento, asociado una dimensión sociocultural donde la interacción es dada siempre por la comunidad como actor principal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3759
Clinical Evaluation of Silorane-based Resin Composites in the Posterior Teeth: An 18 Months Follow-up Study
Authors: Almuhaiza Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The silorane-based resin composites have low polymerization shrinkage and stress, good stability in aqueous environments and insolubility in biological fluid stimulants compared with conventional dimethacrylate based composites. The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the performance of silorane-based resin over a period of 18 months. The study was conducted in ten posterior restorations performed with silorane. Clinical evaluations were done periodically to evaluate the success of the restorations using predefined criteria. Eight out of ten restorations fulfilled all criteria up to 18 months. Two restorations had marginal chipping of the composite material. From this short-term clinical study, it can be concluded that siloranes can be used as an alternative to other posterior restorative composites. Further research over longer periods with larger samples are required to substantiate the current observations.

How to cite this article
Almuhaiza M. Clinical Evaluation of Silorane-based Resin Composites in the Posterior Teeth: An 18 Months Follow-up Study. World J Dent 2016;7(2):69-72.
Accuracy of Various Diagnostic Aids in Detection of MB2 Canal in Maxillary First Molar: In vivo Study
Authors: Mulay Sanjyot , Kadam Gaurav , Jain Hansa 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate and compare the accuracy of radiographic, visual, dye and magnification method in detection of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in maxillary first molar.

Materials and methods
One hundred males and females patients in age group of 20 to 45 years with maxillary first molar teeth indicated for root canal treatment were selected for the study. The presence of MB2 canal in maxillary first molar was observed by four independent observers using radiographic, visual, dye, magnification diagnostic aids.

Results
The study showed that there was a large difference in detecting MB2 canal in maxillary first molar when radiographic was compared with visual method and magnification method (i.e., p < 0.01). Whereas there was a nonsignificant difference when radiographic and dye method were compared (i.e., p > 0.05).

Conclusion
It was concluded that the incidence of MB2 canal in mesiobuccal roots of permanent maxillary first molars was detected most using magnification method, i.e., 87%. Accuracy of radiographic method was found to be least, i.e., 19%.

How to cite this article
Mulay S, Kadam G, Jain H. Accuracy of Various Diagnostic Aids in Detection of MB2 Canal in Maxillary First Molar: In vivo Study. World J Dent 2016;7(2):78-82.
Divergent predictions of carbon storage between two global land models:
attribution of the causes through traceability analysis
Authors: Rafique Rashid , Xia Jianyang , Hararuk Oleksandra , Asrar Ghassem R. , Leng Guoyong , Wang Yingping , Luo Yiqi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Representations of the terrestrial carbon cycle in land models are becoming increasingly complex. It is crucial to develop approaches for critical assessment of the complex model properties in order to understand key factors contributing to models' performance. In this study, we applied a traceability analysis which decomposes carbon cycle models into traceable components, for two global land models (CABLE and CLM-CASA′) to diagnose the causes of their differences in simulating ecosystem carbon storage capacity. Driven with similar forcing data, CLM-CASA′ predicted  ∼ 31 % larger carbon storage capacity than CABLE. Since ecosystem carbon storage capacity is a product of net primary productivity (NPP) and ecosystem residence time (τE), the predicted difference in the storage capacity between the two models results from differences in either NPP or τE or both. Our analysis showed that CLM-CASA′ simulated 37 % higher NPP than CABLE. On the other hand, τE, which was a function of the baseline carbon residence time (τ′E) and environmental effect on carbon residence time, was on average 11 years longer in CABLE than CLM-CASA′. This difference in τE was mainly caused by longer τ′E of woody biomass (23 vs. 14 years in CLM-CASA′), and higher proportion of NPP allocated to woody biomass (23 vs. 16 %). Differences in environmental effects on carbon residence times had smaller influences on differences in ecosystem carbon storage capacities compared to differences in NPP and τ′E. Overall, the traceability analysis showed that the major causes of different carbon storage estimations were found to be parameters setting related to carbon input and baseline carbon residence times between two models.
Transient climate simulations of the deglaciation 21–9 thousand years before
present (version 1) – PMIP4 Core experiment design and boundary conditions
Authors: Ivanovic Ruza F. , Gregoire Lauren J. , Kageyama Masa , Roche Didier M. , Valdes Paul J. , Burke Andrea , Drummond Rosemarie , Peltier W. Richard , Tarasov Lev 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The last deglaciation, which marked the transition between the last glacial and present interglacial periods, was punctuated by a series of rapid (centennial and decadal) climate changes. Numerical climate models are useful for investigating mechanisms that underpin the climate change events, especially now that some of the complex models can be run for multiple millennia. We have set up a Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) working group to coordinate efforts to run transient simulations of the last deglaciation, and to facilitate the dissemination of expertise between modellers and those engaged with reconstructing the climate of the last 21 000 years. Here, we present the design of a coordinated Core experiment over the period 21–9 thousand years before present (ka) with time-varying orbital forcing, greenhouse gases, ice sheets and other geographical changes. A choice of two ice sheet reconstructions is given, and we make recommendations for prescribing ice meltwater (or not) in the Core experiment. Additional focussed simulations will also be coordinated on an ad hoc basis by the working group, for example to investigate more thoroughly the effect of ice meltwater on climate system evolution, and to examine the uncertainty in other forcings. Some of these focussed simulations will target shorter durations around specific events in order to understand them in more detail and allow for the more computationally expensive models to take part.
Mekong River flow and hydrological extremes under climate change
Authors: Hoang Long Phi , Lauri Hannu , Kummu Matti , Koponen Jorma , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Supit Iwan , Leemans Rik , Kabat Pavel , Ludwig Fulco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Climate change poses critical threats to water-related safety and sustainability in the Mekong River basin. Hydrological impact signals from earlier Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3)-based assessments, however, are highly uncertain and largely ignore hydrological extremes. This paper provides one of the first hydrological impact assessments using the CMIP5 climate projections. Furthermore, we model and analyse changes in river flow regimes and hydrological extremes (i.e. high-flow and low-flow conditions). In general, the Mekong's hydrological cycle intensifies under future climate change. The scenario's ensemble mean shows increases in both seasonal and annual river discharges (annual change between +5 and +16 %, depending on location). Despite the overall increasing trend, the individual scenarios show differences in the magnitude of discharge changes and, to a lesser extent, contrasting directional changes. The scenario's ensemble, however, shows reduced uncertainties in climate projection and hydrological impacts compared to earlier CMIP3-based assessments. We further found that extremely high-flow events increase in both magnitude and frequency. Extremely low flows, on the other hand, are projected to occur less often under climate change. Higher low flows can help reducing dry season water shortage and controlling salinization in the downstream Mekong Delta. However, higher and more frequent peak discharges will exacerbate flood risks in the basin. Climate-change-induced hydrological changes will have important implications for safety, economic development, and ecosystem dynamics and thus require special attention in climate change adaptation and water management.
Immunohistochemical Surrogates for Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinoma: A 2015 Update
Authors: Tang Ping , Tse Gary M. 
Published: July 2016

Context.—The pioneering works on molecular classification (MC) by Perou and Sorlie et al in the early 2000s using global gene expression profiling identified 5 intrinsic subtypes of invasive breast cancers (IBCs): luminal A, luminal B, normal breast-like, HER2-enriched, and basal-like subtypes, each unique in incidence, survival, and response to therapy. Because the application of gene expression profiling in daily practice is not economical or practical at the present time, many investigators have studied the use of immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogates as a substitute for determining the MC of IBC.Objective.—To discuss the continuing efforts that have been made to develop clinically significant and readily available IHC surrogates for the MC of IBC.Data Sources.—Data were obtained from pertinent peer-reviewed English-language literature.Conclusions.—The most commonly used IHC surrogates are estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), dividing IBC into luminal, HER2, and triple-negative subtypes. The addition of Ki-67, cytokeratin 5, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) separates luminal B from luminal A subtypes, and basal-like subtype from triple-negative breast cancer. More recently, biomarkers such as androgen receptor and p53 have been shown to further stratify these molecular subtypes. Although many studies of IHC-based MC have shown clinical significance similar to gene expression profiling–defined MC, its critical limitations are: (1) a lack of standardization in terminology, (2) a lack of standardization in biomarkers used for each subtype, and (3) the lack of a uniform cutoff for each biomarker. A panel of IHC surrogates for each subtype of IBC is proposed.