bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REPEATABILITY OF AUTOMATED VESSEL DENSITY AND SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP FOVEAL AVASCULAR ZONE AREA MEASUREMENTS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Yanik Odabaş Özge , Demirel Sibel , Özmert Emin , Batioğlu Figen 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the repeatability of vessel density and superficial and deep foveal avascular zone measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography, and to specify a diurnal change range.

Methods:
Forty-six eyes of 25 healthy individuals were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements were planned for three consecutive sessions, with 3 hours in between them. AngioVue software of the RTVue XR Avanti was used. Superficial and deep retinal layer vessel density values, including the whole retina, fovea, and each parafoveal zone, were obtained from the software. The intraclass correlation, coefficient of variation, and coefficient of repeatability were calculated for each parameter.

Results:
The whole image intraclass correlation value was 0.81 for the superficial and 0.86 for the deep layer among the three consecutive sessions. The smallest real difference (coefficient of repeatability) value of whole image measurements was 7.72% for the superficial and 9.84% for the deep retinal layer. Foveal avascular zone area intraclass correlation value was 0.97 for the superficial and 0.83 for the deep retinal layer.

Conclusion:
The optical coherence tomography angiography analysis provides quantitative data about the retinal microvasculature, which could be used to distinguish between normal and pathology. Changes in superficial vessel density >8% and deep vessel density >10% may be considered as real clinical change rather than variation.
Endoscopic Corneal Neurotization: Cadaver Feasibility Study
Authors: Leyngold Ilya , Weller Christopher , Leyngold Mark , Espana Edgar , Black Kaelan D. , Hall Kathryn L. , Tabor Mark 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
The authors describe a cadaver feasibility study investigating a minimally invasive technique for corneal neurotization with the supraorbital nerve harvested endoscopically.

Methods:
A cadaver study was performed to investigate the technical feasibility of corneal neurotization via endoscopic supraorbital nerve transfer to the corneoscleral limbus.

Results:
Endoscopic corneal neurotization was successfully performed on each cadaveric hemiface.

Conclusion:
The use of an endoscope allows for a minimally invasive approach to corneal neurotization with the supraorbital nerve.
Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Systemic Associations of Congenital Lacrimal Drainage Anomalies: A Major Review
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Paulsen Friedrich 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To review and summarize the syndromic, nonsyndromic, and systemic associations of congenital lacrimal drainage anomalies.

Methods:
The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English on congenital lacrimal anomalies (1933–2016). Patients of these articles were reviewed along with the literature of direct references to syndromes and other systemic associations. Data reviewed included syndromic descriptions, systemic details, demographics, lacrimal presentations, management, and outcomes.

Results:
Syndromic and systemic associations with congenital lacrimal drainage disorders are not known to be common. Although familial presentations have been reported, the inheritance patterns are unclear for most anomalies. There is an increasingly growing evidence of a genetic basis to many lacrimal anomalies. However, few syndromes have either widespread or are frequently associated with lacrimal anomalies. Few sequences of distinct lacrimal presentations and intraoperative findings are seen. Surgical challenges in these patients are distinct and a thorough pre and intraoperative anatomical assessment, detailed imaging when indicated, and assessment and correction of associated periocular and facial abnormalities may facilitate good outcomes.

Conclusions:
Lacrimal drainage anomalies associated with syndromic and nonsyndromic systemic conditions have certain unique features of their own and their surgical and anesthesia challenges are distinct. Diagnosis of congenital lacrimal drainage anomalies should prompt consideration of the possible presence of associated systemic abnormalities.
Stratifying patients with peripheral neuropathic pain based on sensory profiles: algorithm and sample size recommendations
Authors: Vollert Jan , Maier Christoph , Attal Nadine , Bennett David L.H. , Bouhassira Didier , Enax-Krumova Elena K. , Finnerup Nanna B. , Freynhagen Rainer , Gierthmühlen Janne , Haanpää Maija , Hansson Per , Hüllemann Philipp , Jensen Troels S. , Magerl Walter , Ramirez Juan D. , Rice Andrew S.C. , Schuh-Hofer Sigrid , Segerdahl Märta , Serra Jordi , Shillo Pallai R. , Sindrup Soeren , Tesfaye Solomon , Themistocleous Andreas C. , Tölle Thomas R. , Treede Rolf-Detlef , Baron Ralf 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In a recent cluster analysis, it has been shown that patients with peripheral neuropathic pain can be grouped into 3 sensory phenotypes based on quantitative sensory testing profiles, which are mainly characterized by either sensory loss, intact sensory function and mild thermal hyperalgesia and/or allodynia, or loss of thermal detection and mild mechanical hyperalgesia and/or allodynia. Here, we present an algorithm for allocation of individual patients to these subgroups. The algorithm is nondeterministic—ie, a patient can be sorted to more than one phenotype—and can separate patients with neuropathic pain from healthy subjects (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 94%). We evaluated the frequency of each phenotype in a population of patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy (n = 151), painful peripheral nerve injury (n = 335), and postherpetic neuralgia (n = 97) and propose sample sizes of study populations that need to be screened to reach a subpopulation large enough to conduct a phenotype-stratified study. The most common phenotype in diabetic polyneuropathy was sensory loss (83%), followed by mechanical hyperalgesia (75%) and thermal hyperalgesia (34%, note that percentages are overlapping and not additive). In peripheral nerve injury, frequencies were 37%, 59%, and 50%, and in postherpetic neuralgia, frequencies were 31%, 63%, and 46%. For parallel study design, either the estimated effect size of the treatment needs to be high (>0.7) or only phenotypes that are frequent in the clinical entity under study can realistically be performed. For crossover design, populations under 200 patients screened are sufficient for all phenotypes and clinical entities with a minimum estimated treatment effect size of 0.5.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can be predicted by retinal vascular changes in patients with obesity without hypertension or diabetes
Authors: Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria E. , Herrera-Rosas Arturo , Domínguez-Mota Alfredo A. , Camas-Benitez Jinny T. , Serratos-Canales María F. , León-Hernández Mireya , González-Chávez Antonio , López-Ortiz Eduardo , Mummidi Srinivas , Duggirala Ranvidranth , López-Alvarenga Juan C. 
Published: May 2017

Objective
To evaluate the utility of predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity by retinal vascular changes (RVC) found in fundoscopy and to determine whether this is related to a low-grade inflammatory process.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional analysis that included 152 (ages 18–45 years) patients divided into four groups: NAFLD and BMI less than 25, absence of NAFLD and BMI less than 25, NAFLD and BMI more than 30, and absence of NAFLD and BMI more than 30. Retinal fundoscopy, hepatic ultrasound, metabolic profile, and cytokine measurement were performed. We calculated odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)], performed diagnostic utility tests, and carried out a 2
k
factorial analysis.

Results
Obesity was associated with RVC (odds ratio: 21.25; 95% CI: 8.79–51.4) and NAFLD [25 (9.07–72.6)]. NAFLD was associated with RVC [11.24 (4.98–26.48)], and the prediction of NAFLD showed a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI: 68–82) and a specificity of 81% (75–86); when RVC-obesity were combined, sensitivity increased to 90% (88–91.7), with a specificity of 85% (84–85.8). C-reactive protein was associated with the three factors, suggesting an independent contribution. Thin patients with RVC and NAFLD had higher concentrations of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ.

Conclusion
NAFLD in patients with obesity without diabetes or hypertension can be predicted by RVC, a noninvasive technique carried out by eye fundoscopy. NAFLD alone can drive inflammatory conditions in the absence of obesity that manifests as RVC.
Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in France: descriptive study from the French national hospital database
Authors: Maire Frédérique , Cibot Jean-Olivier , Compagne Catherine , Hentic Olivia , Hammel Pascal , Muller Nelly , Ponsot Philippe , Levy Philippe , Ruszniewski Philippe 
Published: May 2017

Introduction
Although indirect evidence suggests that the incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma has increased in the last decade, few data are available in European countries. The aim of the present study was to update the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in France in 2014 from the French national hospital database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information).

Patients and methods
All patients hospitalized for pancreatic cancer in France in 2014 in public or private institutions were included. Patient and stays (length, type of support, institutions) characteristics were studied. The results were compared with those observed in 2010.

Results
A total of 13 346 (52% men, median age 71 years) new patients were treated for pancreatic cancer in 2014, accounting for a 12.5% increase compared with 2010. Overall, 22% of patients were operated on. Liver metastases were present in 60% of cases. The disease accounted for 146 680 hospital stays (+24.8% compared with 2010), 76% of which were related to chemotherapy (+32%). The average annual number and length of stay were 7 and 2.6 days, respectively. In 2014, 11 052 deaths were reported (+15.8%).

Conclusion
Approximately 13 350 new cases of pancreatic cancer were observed in France in 2014. The increase in incidence was associated with a marked increase in hospital stays for chemotherapy.
Increased Fat Absorption From Enteral Formula Through an In‐line Digestive Cartridge in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Freedman Steven , Orenstein David , Black Philip , Brown Perry , McCoy Karen , Stevens John , Grujic Danica , Clayton Russell 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Supplemental enteral nutrition (EN) is used by approximately 12% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and fat absorption of a new in‐line digestive cartridge (Relizorb) that hydrolyzes fat in enteral formula provided to patients with CF.Methods:Patients with CF receiving EN participated in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial with an open‐label safety evaluation period. Plasma omega‐3 fatty acid (FA) concentrations were measured and used as markers of fat absorption. Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded to evaluate safety and tolerability. Information regarding the effect of EN on appetite and breakfast consumption was also collected.Results:Before study entry, participants had received EN for a mean of 6.6 years at a mean volume of approximately 800 mL, yet had a mean body mass index of only 17.5 kg/m2 and omega‐3 FA plasma concentrations were only 60% of levels found in normal healthy subjects. Compared with placebo, cartridge use resulted in a statistically significant 2.8‐fold increase in plasma omega‐3 FA concentrations. There were no adverse experiences associated with cartridge use, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of most symptoms of malabsorption was observed with cartridge use. Participants reported increased preservation of appetite and breakfast consumption with cartridge use compared with their pre‐study regimen.Conclusions:Use of this in‐line digestive cartridge was safe and well tolerated, and resulted in significantly increased levels of plasma omega‐3 FA used with enteral formula, suggesting an overall increased fat absorption.
Effect of Synbiotic on the Gut Microbiota of Cesarean Delivered Infants
Authors: Chua Mei Chien , Ben‐Amor Kaouther , Lay Christophe , Goh Anne E.N. , Chiang Wen Chin , Rao Rajeshwar , Chew Charmaine , Chaithongwongwatthana Surasith , Khemapech Nipon , Knol Jan , Chongsrisawat Voranush 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe determined the effect of short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS), long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS) and Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V on the gut microbiota of cesarean‐born infants. Infants were randomized to receive a standard formula (control), the same with scGOS/lcFOS and B. breve M‐16V (synbiotic), or with scGOS/lcFOS (prebiotic) from birth until week 16, 30 subjects born vaginally were included as a reference group. Synbiotic supplementation resulted in a higher bifidobacteria proportion from day 3/5 (P < 0.0001) until week 8 (P = 0.041), a reduction of Enterobacteriaceae from day 3/5 (P = 0.002) till week 12 (P = 0.016) compared to controls. This was accompanied with a lower fecal pH and higher acetate. In the synbiotic group, B. breve M‐16V was detected 6 weeks postintervention in 38.7% of the infants. This synbiotic concept supported the early modulation of Bifidobacterium in C‐section born infants that was associated with the emulation of the gut physiological environment observed in vaginally delivered infants.
Diagnostic confounders of chronic widespread pain: not always fibromyalgia
Authors: Häuser Winfried , Perrot Serge , Sommer Claudia , Shir Yoram , Fitzcharles Mary-Ann 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is the defining feature of fibromyalgia (FM), a worldwide prevalent condition. Chronic widespread pain is, however, not pathognomonic of FM, and other conditions may present similarly with CWP, requiring consideration of a differential diagnosis.

Objectives:
To conduct a literature search to identify medical conditions that may mimic FM and have highlighted features that may differentiate these various conditions from FM.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search from 1990 through September 2016 was conducted to identify conditions characterized by CWP.

Results:
Conditions that may mimic FM may be categorized as musculoskeletal, neurological, endocrine/metabolic, psychiatric/psychological, and medication related. Characteristics pertaining to the most commonly identified confounding diagnoses within each category are discussed; clues to enable clinical differentiation from FM are presented; and steps towards a diagnostic algorithm for mimicking conditions are presented.

Conclusion:
Although the most likely reason for a complaint of CWP is FM, this pain complaint can be a harbinger of illness other than FM, prompting consideration of a differential diagnosis. This review should sensitize physicians to a broad spectrum of conditions that can mimic FM.
Hyperoxia or Therapeutic Hypothermia During Resuscitation from Non-Lethal Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine
Authors: Nussbaum Benedikt L. , Stenzel Tatjana , Merz Tamara , Scheuerle Angelika , McCook Oscar , Wachter Ulrich , Vogt Josef A. , Matallo José , Gässler Holger , Gröger Michael , Matejovic Martin , Calzia Enrico , Lampl Lorenz , Georgieff Michael , Möller Peter , Asfar Pierre , Radermacher Peter , Hafner Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
We previously demonstrated beneficial effects of 22 h of hyperoxia following near-lethal porcine hemorrhagic shock, whereas therapeutic hypothermia was detrimental. Therefore, we investigated whether shorter exposure to hyperoxia (12 h) would still improve organ function, and whether 12 h of hypothermia with subsequent rewarming could avoid deleterious effects after less severe hemorrhagic shock.
Twenty-seven anesthetized and surgically instrumented pigs underwent 3 h of hemorrhagic shock by removal of 30% of the blood volume and titration of the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to 40 mm Hg. Post-shock, pigs were randomly assigned to control, hyperoxia (FIO2 100% for 12 h) or hypothermia group (34°C core temperature for 12 h with subsequent rewarming). Before, at the end of shock, after 12 and 23 h of resuscitation, data sets comprising hemodynamics, blood gases, and parameters of inflammation and organ function were acquired. Postmortem, kidney samples were collected for immunohistochemistry and western blotting.
Hyperoxia exerted neither beneficial nor detrimental effects. In contrast, mortality in the hypothermia group was significantly higher compared with controls (67% vs. 11%). Hypothermia impaired circulation (MAP 64 (57;89) mm Hg vs. 104 (98; 114) mm Hg) resulting in metabolic acidosis (lactate 11.0 (6.6;13.6) mmol L−1 vs. 1.0 (0.8;1.5) mmol L−1) and reduced creatinine clearance (26 (9;61) mL min−1 vs. 77 (52;80) mL min−1) compared to the control group after 12 h of resuscitation. Impaired kidney function coincided with increased renal 3-nitrotyrosine formation and extravascular albumin accumulation.
In conclusion, hyperoxia proved to be safe during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. The lacking organ-protective effects of hyperoxia compared to resuscitation from near-lethal hemorrhage suggest a dependence of the effectiveness of hyperoxia from shock severity. In line with our previous report, therapeutic hypothermia (and rewarming) was confirmed to be detrimental most likely due to vascular barrier dysfunction.
Statistical mechanics of phase space partitioning in large-scale spiking neuron circuits
Authors: Touzel Maximilian Puelma , Wolf Fred 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSynaptic interactions structure the phase space of the dynamics of neural circuits and constrain neural computation. Understanding how requires methods that handle those discrete interactions, yet few exist. Recently, it was discovered that even random networks exhibit dynamics that partitions the phase space into numerous attractor basins. Here we utilize this phenomenon to develop theory for the geometry of phase space partitioning in spiking neural circuits. We find basin boundaries structuring the phase space are pre-images of spike-time collision events. Formulating a statistical theory of spike-time collision events, we derive expressions for the rate of divergence of neighboring basins and for their size distribution. This theory reveals that the typical basin diameter grows with inhibitory coupling strength and shrinks with the rate of spike events. Our study provides an analytical and generalizable approach for dissecting how connectivity, coupling strength, single neuron dynamics and population activity shape the phase space geometry of spiking circuits.
Hebbian Learning in a Random Network Captures Selectivity Properties of Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Lindsay Grace W. , Rigotti Mattia , Warden Melissa R. , Miller Earl K. , Fusi Stefano 
Published: May 2017

AbstractComplex cognitive behaviors, such as context-switching and rule-following, are thought to be supported by prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neural activity in PFC must thus be specialized to specific tasks while retaining flexibility. Nonlinear ‘mixed’ selectivity is an important neurophysiological trait for enabling complex and context-dependent behaviors. Here we investigate (1) the extent to which PFC exhibits computationally relevant properties such as mixed selectivity and (2) how such properties could arise via circuit mechanisms. We show that PFC cells recorded from male and female rhesus macaques during a complex task show a moderate level of specialization and structure that is not replicated by a model wherein cells receive random feedforward inputs. While random connectivity can be effective at generating mixed selectivity, the data shows significantly more mixed selectivity than predicted by a model with otherwise matched parameters. A simple Hebbian learning rule applied to the random connectivity, however, increases mixed selectivity and allows the model to match the data more accurately. To explain how learning achieves this, we provide analysis along with a clear geometric interpretation of the impact of learning on selectivity. After learning, the model also matches the data on measures of noise, response density, clustering, and the distribution of selectivities. Of two styles of Hebbian learning tested, the simpler and more biologically plausible option better matches the data. These modeling results give intuition about how neural properties important for cognition can arise in a circuit and make clear experimental predictions regarding how various measures of selectivity would evolve during animal training.Significance StatementPrefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region believed to support the ability of animals to engage in complex behavior. How neurons in this area respond to stimuli—and in particular, to combinations of stimuli (”mixed selectivity”)—is a topic of interest. Despite the fact that models with random feedforward connectivity are capable of creating computationally-relevant mixed selectivity, such a model does not match the levels of mixed selectivity seen in the data analyzed in this study. Adding simple Hebbian learning to the model increases mixed selectivity to the correct level and makes the model match the data on several other relevant measures. This study thus offers predictions on how mixed selectivity and other properties evolve with training.
Network reconstruction and systems analysis of plant cell wall deconstruction byneurospora crassa
Authors: Samal Areejit , Craig James P. , Coradetti Samuel T. , Philipp Benz J. , Eddy James A. , Price Nathan D. , Louise Glass N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPlant biomass degradation by fungal derived enzymes is rapidly expanding in economic importance as a clean and efficient source for biofuels. The ability to rationally engineer filamentous fungi would facilitate biotechnological applications for degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. However, incomplete knowledge of biomolecular networks responsible for plant cell wall deconstruction impedes experimental efforts in this direction. To expand this knowledge base, a detailed network of reactions important for deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides into simple sugars was constructed for the filamentous fungusNeurospora crassa. To reconstruct this network, information was integrated from five heterogeneous data types: functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, genetics, and biochemical characterizations. The combined information was encapsulated into a feature matrix and the evidence weighed to assign annotation confidence scores for each gene within the network. Comparative analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data shed light on the regulation of the plant cell wall degradation network (PCWDN), leading to a novel hypothesis for degradation of the hemicellulose mannan. The transcription factor CLR-2 was subsequently experimentally shown to play a key role in the mannan degradation pathway ofNeurospora crassa. Our network serves as a scaffold for integration of diverse experimental data, leading to elucidation of regulatory design principles for plant cell wall deconstruction by filamentous fungi, and guiding efforts to rationally engineer industrially relevant hyper-production strains.