bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kierkegaard in Nature: The Fragility of Existing with Naturalism
Authors: Rosfort René 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article argues that in order to evidence the importance of Kierkegaard outside of Kierkegaard studies, we need to acknowledge that we live in a naturalized world. This acknowledgment brings out the necessity of reformulating Kierkegaard’s thinking in ways that make his arguments intelligible against the background of naturalism that dominates contemporary culture. After having explained what is meant by a naturalized world and by naturalism, the article attempts a reformulation of Kierkegaard’s notion of existence as one way to articulate the importance of Kierkegaard’s thinking about human beings in a naturalized world
Kierkegaard’s Aesthetics and the Aesthetic of Imitation
Authors: Kaftański Wojciech 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper challenges the general approach to Kierkegaard’s engagement with imitation, which privileges a strictly religious reading. Heretofore imitation has been apprehended as a coherent concept shaped within the context of imitatio Christi in the devotio moderna. I locate Kierkegaard’s writings in the broader context of mimesis. Analyzing particular mimetic structures woven into the text, I show that a plurality of imitative models that are different from Christ occurs therein. Addressing the distinction between the religious and the aesthetic in Kierkegaard, I inquire into the status of these imitative models. Referring to the term “Mellembestemmelserne” and “ekphrasis”-the rhetorical device of aesthetics-I show that the other models of imitation exhibit supportive roles to the highest type of prototype (Christ) and therefore question the solely religious rendering of mimesis and the aesthetic confines of Kierkegaard’s concept of aesthetics
Freedom and the Temporality of Despair
Authors: Aroosi Jamie 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper analyzes the “Interlude” from Philosophical Fragments, suggesting that not only is there a sophisticated critique of Hegel within it, despite recent scholarship that has asserted the contrary, but that we also find Kierkegaard offering intriguing insight into the nature of despair. Specifically, in the “Interlude,” by way of a subtle and sophisticated criticism of Hegel, Kierkegaard describes the unique sense of temporality that characterizes despair
The crystal structure of (4E,11E,31E,38E)-1,4,12,15,18,26,31,39-Octaaza-7,21,24-trihydroxy-penta-cyclo[13·13·13·16,10·120,24·133,37]tetratetraconta-4,6(44),7,9,11,18,20(43),21,23,25,31,33(42),34,36,38-pentadecaene, C36H42N8O3
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cao Xin , Zhang Bingguang , Liu Yuhai 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C36H42N8O3, trigonal, R-3 (no. 148), a = 30.732(2) Å, c = 18.632(2) Å, V = 15239(2) Å3, Z = 18, R
gt
(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1124, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-acetamido-benzoato-κ2
O:O′)triphenyltin(IV)], C27H23NO3Sn
Authors: Wang Qi-Bao , Ding Rui-Fang , Sun Shan-Shan , Ding Lin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C27H23NO3Sn, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8.9287(7) Å, b = 15.0252(12) Å, c = 18.4531(14) Å, V = 2475.6(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0315, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0861, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-4-nitrophenol — triethylamine (2/1), C32H33N11O14
Authors: Feng Xun , Tian Ai-Qin , Wang Cai-Lu , Wang Yang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C32H33N11O14, Monoclinic, P21/c a = 12.3339(18) Å, b = 37.764(5) Å, c = 8.2077(12) Å, α = 90°, β = 109.053(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 3613.6(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0621, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1574, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of trans-tetraaquabis(4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfonyl)pyridine-κN)cobalt(II) diperchlorate dihydrate, C20H28Cl2CoN4O18S2
Authors: Zhou Rong , Jie Liu An , Zhang Fan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C20H28Cl2CoN4O18S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.0756(2) Å, b = 17.4328(4) Å, c = 11.5696(2) Å, β = 106.477(1)°, V = 1561.88(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0456, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1298, T = 296 K.
Natural Nonbelief as a Necessary Means to a
Life of Choiceworthy Meaning
Authors: Vandergriff Kevin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Many have thought that certain types and distributions of apparent nonresistant nonbelief in
the world are among the best reasons to think naturalism is more probable than theism. Jason Marsh has
argued that one specific type of nonresistant nonbelief, called natural nonbelief in early humans, supports
naturalism over theism. However, I will argue that it is epistemically possible that God has a morallysufficient
reason for permitting natural nonbelief in early humans. First, according to Axiarchism, God’s
goal for physical reality is to intentionally structure it so that a choiceworthy degree of moral, intellectual,
and aesthetic value will be realized. Second, since theism entails Axiarchism, and it is far from clear
on our total available evidence that eliminating the possibility of natural nonbelief would have led to a
choiceworthy degree of moral, intellectual, and aesthetic value being realized for early humans, the degree
to which natural nonbelief supports naturalism over theism is softened.
An Evaluation of Historical Bleaching with Chlorine Dioxide Gas, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Chloramine-T at the Fogg Art Museum
Authors: Smith Theresa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the mid-twentieth century, drawings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres at the Fogg Art Museum were treated with chemical bleaches such as chlorine dioxide gas, sodium hypochlorite, and chloramine-T. Fifty years later, the darkened condition of the drawings was attributed to bleaching with chlorine dioxide gas. This paper discusses the three methods developed by Rutherford John Gettens to generate chlorine dioxide gas from sodium chlorite, formaldehyde and formic acid, examines the use of these bleaching methods to treat Ingres drawings at the Fogg, and discusses the sodium hypochlorite and chloramine-T bleaching methods also in use at the time. The treatments of two Ingres drawings are compared and evaluated in light of later bleaching studies and the current condition of each drawing. All of these historical bleaching methods, as practiced on the works studied, contributed to the darkening and colour/brightness reversion of drawings.
Effect of Laser Radiation on 19th Century Paper
Authors: Balakhnina Irina A. , Brandt Nikolay N. , Chikishev Andrey Yu. , Rebrikova Natalia L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effect of laser radiation on a German geographic map printed in 1846 is investigated. The sample is irradiated with pulsed and continuous wave radiation (cw) at a wavelength of 532 nm and fluences of 5 and 3 kJ/cm
Paint Palette Used by Iranian Masters based on Persian Medieval Recipes
Authors: Barkeshli Mandana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClassical Iranian literary sources contain valuable information with respect to materials and techniques related to the art of book-making, including pigments and dyes. Some of these writings have been composed in the form of mystical poetry which needs professional research into the language and classical terms used. Studying these primary sources is not only important for art historians but also for conservators and scientists to understand the material technology of the medieval Persian paint palette. These primary sources of knowledge in many occasions have led us to explore and reveal the secrets behind certain materials and techniques that were used during the medieval period and the reasons behind their usage. The present paper will discuss the Persian paint palette used in Persian manuscripts and miniature paintings from the 13th to 19th centuries. In this study, sixteen manuscripts have been selected and studied in detail; the recipe from each manuscript has been extracted according to each colour used in the Persian paint palette while the materials and techniques are also categorized and compared thoroughly. For easy reference, different materials and techniques used in each colour for preparation of the paint have been described separately with reference to the related treatises and their respective authors.
Analysis of Sediments on Iron Gall Inks in Manuscripts / Analyse von Ablagerungen auf Eisengallustinten in historischen Manuskripten / Analyse de sédiments sur les encres ferro-galliques dans les manuscrits anciens
Authors: Ferrer Núria , Sistach M. Carme 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) is an efficient tool to analyse deposits on iron gall inscriptions that appear on historic documents. Deposits look like white powder or whitish crystals under a microscope. Crystals show cubic or needle shapes with sizes below 20 μm. Mapping infrared spectroscopy in addition allows the selective identification of mixed deposits. Selective analysis of different inorganic oxalates is possible in four regions of the mid-infrared spectrum, thus avoiding interferences with bands of other compounds present. Calcium, potassium and iron oxalates, further calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, basic iron sulphates and iron ammonium sulphate were identified on samples taken from selected manuscripts. The results enabled to establish a correlation of ink composition and the observed intensity of ink corrosion.
Mounting Works on Paper with Neodymium Magnets
Authors: Noehles Martina , Niehus Lena 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNeodymium magnets have been in use as a mounting technique for works of art on paper for several years; however, the method is still in its infancy. These very strong magnets provide a valuable addition to the traditional methods of mounting artworks on paper and objects made from paper, textile, or other materials for exhibitions. They offer an interesting and elegant alternative to attachment with adhesives, especially when adhesives may not or cannot be applied to the original work. This article addresses the physical properties and manufacture of the magnets, including their coatings and nomenclature. Three successful case studies of mounting artworks on paper with these “super magnets” are presented here. In addition, the limits and possible difficulties of working with neodymium magnets are addressed, as well as precautionary measures to take when handling them.
Was ist ‘Wahrheit’ (2)?: ein Vergleich französischer, keltischer, indischer, iranischer und griechischer Vorstellungen von der Verwirklichung der Wahrheit; eine kulturgeschichtliche und sprachwissenschaftliche Analyse. Teil I
Authors: Hartmann Hans 
Published: February 2016

Bei der in meinem Aufsatze “Was ist Wahrheit (1)?” inEs liegt nahe, dem Gang vorliegender Forschungen folgend, mit Frankreich zu beginnen, Irland und Gallien in den Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen zu stellen, diese dann mit Griechenland, Iran und Indien zu konfrontieren und schließlich über England nach Frankreich zurückzukehren, um kulturelle Zusammenhänge hervortreten zu lassen und möglicherweise Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschungen über Frankreich zu erschließen.
Die altirischen Glossen als sprachgeschichtliches Dokument
Authors: Schmidt Karl Horst 
Published: February 2016

Nicht von ungefähr hat Rudolf Thurneysen sein1) “Er [Strachan] wollte, sich rein auf das Gebiet des Irischen beschränkend, in einem umfangreicheren Werke das Altirische und das Mittelirische zusammen behandeln. Ich [Thurneysen] plante von Anfang an, mich bei der knapperen Fassung streng ans Altirische zu halten und nur in der Richtung darüber hinauszugehen, daß ich solchen, die vom Studium anderer indogermanischer Sprachen her an das Irische heranträten, die verbindenden Fäden bloßlegte” (Thurneysen:
Keltische Äquivalente klassischer Epitheta und andere sprachliche und nicht-sprachliche Phänomene im Rahmen der sogenannten ‚interpretatio Romana‘
Authors: Stempel Patrizia de Bernardo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Besides listing several cases in which Latin divine names seem to stand for indigenous ones, i.e. to translate them, this article offers a comprehensive view of the various types of theonymic strings in which the name of a classical deity is, more or less explicitly, involved. It shows that those in which a classical deity is assimilated to an indigenous one actually constitute only a minor group while the majority just use Celtic words for describing the classical deity involved. There is also evidence of similar renderings by means of Germanic words. The article inquires into the social and historical constraints which prompted the three phenomena and proposes a very general relative chronology.
The Breton migration: a new synthesis
Authors: Guy Ben 
Published: February 2016

Résumé
L’article examine à nouveau la question comment et pourquoi une proportion significative de la population du nord-ouest de la Gaule en est arrivée à parler une langue bretonne (britannique) et à s’identifier à la culture bretonne (britannique) au cours de la transition de l’Antiquité tardive au Haut Moyen-Âge. Il étudie les processus auxquels les sources écrites font allusion en utilisant des arguments sociolinguistiques et archéologiques. On propose l’explication suivante : Depuis la première moitié du cinquième siècle, les Bretons sont partis de la péninsule sudouest de la Grande Bretagne, particulièrement du comté actuel de Dorset, pour aller s’installer au nord-ouest de la Gaule. Cette migration est causée à la fois par l’effondrement de l’économie de la Bretagne romaine, par la militarisation de l’élite des propriétaire fonciers locaux, et par la menace des envahisseurs anglo-saxons.
Synthesis and single-crystal structure of the pseudo-ternary compounds LiA[N(CN)2]2 (A = K or Rb)
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Crystals of LiA[N(CN)2]2 were obtained from the reaction of LiCl and ACl (A = K or Rb) with Ag[N(CN)2] in water and subsequent evaporation of the filtered solution at 80 °C under normal atmospheric conditions. Crystals of the title compound form thin rectangular plates that are transparent, colorless, and very fragile. Single-crystal structure analyses have shown that both compounds are isotypic and adopt the tetragonal space group I4/mcm (no. 140, Z = 4) with the cell parameters a = 701.53(12) and c = 1413.7(5) pm for LiK[N(CN)2]2 and a = 730.34(10) and c = 1414.4(4) pm for LiRb[N(CN)2]2. The crystal structure is described and compared to that of the pseudo-binary alkali metal dicyanamides.
Development and Implementation of a High-Pressure, Double-Acting, Bi-Directional Loading Cell for Drilled Shafts
Authors: Choi Yongkyu , Lee Min-Hee , Nam Moon S. , Kim Tae-Hyung , Stuedlein Armin W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Drilled shaft foundation elements provide a cost-effective foundation alternative for the support of building and bridge superstructure loads. Bi-directional pile loading tests (BDPLTs) to evaluate the capacity of drilled shafts have become popular owing to their capacity to save time and effort as compared to the use of top-down loading tests. However, the use of BDPLTs requires that production shafts be post-grouted following testing in order to assure appropriate in-service performance. Commonly used single-acting loading cells and/or loading cell construction details can pose the potential for the development of voids following post-grouting due to their monotonic jacking action and large footprint. This paper described the development and use of high pressure bi-directional loading cells intended to minimize the possibility of post-test construction defects. First, a comparison was made between the single-acting and double-acting loading cells. Second, the results of laboratory calibrations on the pressurized loading cells were performed, as were component testing of the pumps, hoses, and hydraulic fluid synchronization lines. Then, the use of the new high pressure double-acting loading cells in production testing of instrumented shafts was described, and the efficacy of the new loading cells was illustrated. The new loading cells provided the profession with a load cell alternative for conducting BDLTs and should serve to help reduce the risk of post-test grouting defects in drilled shaft foundations.
Deflection Measurement of Bored Pile Body With Steel Bar Meters in the Lateral Load Test
Authors: Chen Xiang , Xu Zhaoyi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a lateral load test conducted with a service bored grout pile. In this test, 15 pairs of steel bar meters were mounted in the pile body. The equipment not only measures the section moments of the pile body, but also measures the deflections and rotations of the pile body, which are measured by inclinometers traditionally. A comparison between the deformation near the pile head measured by the steel bar meters, and the one measured by four dial gauges proved that it is valid to use steel bar meters to measure the lateral deformation of pile body during lateral loading tests. Moreover, the results are very precise before the lateral load exceeds the elastic limit, which was determined as 120 kN in the present study.
Measurement of Average Tensile Force for Individual Steel Fiber Using New Direct Tension Test
Authors: Pinkerton Luke R. , Hoz Samhar , Novak Jeff 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The use of steel-fiber reinforcement as an alternative to conventional reinforcement of various concrete structures has been limited in the construction industry. This is because of the fact that, unlike traditional reinforcement, the performance characterization of steel-fiber concrete is not standardized, because the fibers are distributed throughout the concrete section. Whereas direct tensile resistance is the performance measurement required for design, the steel-fiber industry has yet to actively employ direct tensile testing of steel fibers. The tensile response of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete has been investigated. The primary purpose of this paper is to present a robust new direct tension test method. This method is able to determine the uniaxial tensile response of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete. The method uses a three-dimensional “hourglass”-shaped tapered specimen. This paper also focuses on developing a practical method to determine the average tensile force per fiber.
Exploring Relationships in Surface-Hardness Data Collected With Different Instruments
Authors: Thoms A. W. , Brosnan J. T. , Sorochan J. C. , Saxton A. M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Two instruments are used to measure impact attenuation on athletic field playing surfaces: the F355 Apparatus A (F355) and the Clegg Impact Soil Tester (CIST). Although both devices use weighted missiles equipped with accelerometers to measure impact attenuation, Gmax, little information is available in the peer-reviewed scientific literature comparing data collected with these devices on natural and synthetic turf athletic field playing surfaces. A 2-year field study was conducted at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety in 2012 and 2013 to determine whether data collected with a CIST could be used to predict values with the F355. Ten different synthetic turf and four natural turfgrass surfaces constructed over four root zone types were subjected to 30 simulated traffic events at two rates (three events wk−1 and 10 events wk−1). Three impact attenuation samples were collected with both devices on all surfaces for each rate of simulated traffic. Two regression analyses were conducted: one using all 252 data points collected annually and a second that incorporated blocking to account for within surface sampling. In both years, associations between impact attenuation data collected with the CIST and the F355 were weak. CIST values only explained 9 % of the variability in F355 data in 2012 (R2 = 0.09) and 24 % in 2013 (R2 = 0.24). When accounting for surface sampling, CIST values only explained 46 % of the variability in F355 data in 2012 (R2 = 0.46) and 56 % in 2013 (R2 = 0.56). Residuals around these best-fit regression lines were ±25 Gmax, indicating that the CIST cannot accurately predict impact attenuation values with the F355 within this range. Future research should continue to explore relationships between the F355 and CIST across diverse playing surface types and environments.
Application of a Non-Contact Laser Ultrasonic Imaging Technology for Detection Weld Defect Based on Hilbert Transform
Authors: Zeng W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A non-contact laser ultrasonic imaging technique was proposed to detect austenitic stainless steel weld with artificial defects. Austenitic stainless steel weld was scanned by a pulsed laser, and the ultrasonic waves were received by the interferometer. The vibration images of ultrasonic waves at different locations were analyzed in detail. In order to detect the size of the damage, we use the Hilbert transform method to transform ultrasonic time-domain signals into the envelope of ultrasonic wave, and find this method can improve the effects of detection the flaw. By comparing the propagation images based on the Hilbert transform method, with the result based on the anomalous wave propagation imaging method which demonstrated that the non-contact laser ultrasonic imaging technique based on the Hilbert transform method, we can evaluate the sizes of the weld damages. Hence, we proposed the ultrasonic propagation imaging approach for automatic inspection in manufacturing.
Percolation Effect on the Piezoresistivity of Carbon Nanotube/Cement Composite as a Stress Self-Sensing Material
Authors: Qiao B. , Xie N. , Meng J. , Yan T. , Feng L. , Zhong J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Self-sensing material is one of the most important components of smart construction. As a promising stress self-sensing material, carbon nanotube (CNT)/cement composite has been widely studied in the past decade. The stress self-sensing performance, which is reflected by the piezoresistivity of the CNT/cement composite, can be determined by several factors, such as CNT dispersion, water/binder ratio, or loading directions. Although these factors have been systematically investigated to demonstrate their effects on the self-sensing performance of CNT/cement composite, the variation of the percolation networks of CNT in the cement matrix, which is another important factor that determines the piezoresistivity of the CNT/cement composite, was barely discussed before. In this study, the variation of the CNT percolation network in cement matrix under compression loading was calculated based on the percolation theory; and the piezoresistivity of the CNT/cement composite below and above the percolation threshold was analyzed from the perspective of the effective percolation networks of CNT in the CNT/cement composite. Furthermore, the mechanism of the piezoresistivity variation was elucidated via calculating the percolation backbone density. This study not only gives a basic introduction to calculate the effective percolation networks of CNT in the cement matrix, but also shed light on how to obtain a CNT/cement composite with a stable stress self-sensing performance.
Porosity Characterization in Interfacial Transition Zone Using Dual CT Scans
Authors: Cui D. , Sun W. , Wan K. , Banthia N. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The interfacial transition zone tends to be the weakest link in cement-based materials. This zone is widely believed to be less dense compared with the bulk hydrated cement matrix and is often the location where the failure first initiates. Because of its increased porosity, the interface also acts as a preferential path for transport of deleterious fluids. Understanding the microstructure of the interface, therefore, is of high importance. In this paper, a new technique is developed to calculate the width, as well as the average porosity, of the interface. The method relies on computer tomography (CT). Compared with the traditional porosity-measurement methods, the proposed dual-scan method is non-destructive, and, to a great extent, preserves the initial microstructure of the interface, thereby providing an undisturbed characterization. This article further attests that the dual-scan method can mitigate the deficiency of traditional CT scan in terms of its limited resolution.