bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ageing Places in an Ageing Country: The Local Dynamics of the Elderly Population in Spain
Authors: Gutiérrez Posada Diana , Rubiera Morollón Fernando , Viñuela Ana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpain is an ageing country, and the present demographic burden is not homogeneously distributed across space. Will the aged population be evenly distributed in the future, or will disparities broaden over time? Identifying the spatial patterns of the aged population concentration and the existence of a demographic burden convergence/divergence process is a pertinent question in Spain after the regional devolution the country has undergone in the last decades and the coexistence of different regimes. In this paper, we use a non‐parametric approach (geographically weighted regressions) to identify the determinants of the ageing dynamics, checking for the existence of a convergence/divergence ageing process after controlling for the socio‐economic characteristics of the Spanish municipalities. Although global estimations support the convergence hypotheses posed, GWR results show a significant variability of the effects depending on the area considered, which calls for a careful treatment of the results both for analysis and policy purposes.
Context matters: a multicountry analysis of individual‐ and neighbourhood‐level factors associated with women's sanitation use in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Winter Samantha , Dreibelbis Robert , Barchi Francis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo identify cross‐national trends in factors associated with women's sanitation use in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsUsing data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 14 SSA countries between 2008 and 2014, we modelled women's sanitation use in relation to various individual‐ and neighbourhood‐level factors.ResultsSubstantial variation exists between countries in the strength and direction of factors associated with sanitation use. Particularly significant associations across the region included access to different water sources, years of education, family size, age, living in a female‐headed household, being married and wealth. Neighbourhood‐level poverty, ethnic diversity and urbanisation were important factors in a majority of countries.ConclusionsInternational development goals for sanitation are frequently framed in terms of availability, implicitly suggesting that if facilities are accessible, they will be used. A more nuanced view that takes into account not only the existence of facilities but also the factors influencing their use is needed to understand the dynamics of women's sanitation use in the region. Policies focused on availability may not yield the desired public health benefits from improved sanitation in sub‐Saharan Africa. Context‐relevant factors must be addressed concurrently to achieve sanitation development goals.
High Temperature Thermal Decomposition of Diethyl Carbonate by Pool Film Boiling
Authors: Thomas Avedisian C. , Kuo Wei-Chih , Tsang Wing , Lowery Adam 
Published: November 2017

We use the configuration of film boiling on a horizontal tube positioned in a stagnant pool of saturated diethyl carbonate (DEC, (C2H5O)2CO) to study DEC decomposition at temperatures up to 1500 K. The composition of bubbles that percolate through the liquid pool is measured and the results are used to infer the decomposition reactions. The results show that below tube temperatures of about 1100 K, the decomposition products are ethylene (C2H4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ethanol (EtOH, C2H5OH) with a molar ratio nC2H4/nCO2∼1, which is consistent with a first-order decomposition process. At higher temperatures, nC2H4/nCO2 > 1 which is explained by an additional route to forming C2H4 from radicals in the system (created by EtOH decomposition) attacking DEC. The presence of H2, CO, CH4, and C2H6 in the product stream was noted at all temperatures examined with concentrations that increased from trace values at low temperatures to values comparable to the DEC unimolecular process at the highest temperatures. Formation of a carbon layer on the tube was observed but did not appear to influence the decomposition process. A scale analysis shows that the rate constant controls decomposition compared to the residence time, which has a weaker dependence on temperature.
Macular thickness profile and diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study
Authors: Dai Wei , Tham Yih Chung , Cheung Ning , Yasuda Masayuki , Tan Nicholas Y Q , Cheung Carol Y , Wang Jie Jin , Mitchell Paul , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wong Tien-Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundTo evaluate retinal thickness profiles in eyes with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) among individuals with diabetes.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study, a population-based study among Chinese, Malays and Indians aged 40 years or older residing in Singapore. All participants underwent standardised systemic and ophthalmic examinations. Average thickness of the macula, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and outer retina layer (from the outer plexiform layer to the retinal pigment epithelium layer) were measured using SD-OCT. DR status and severity were graded based on fundus photographs using the modified Airlie House classification system. Participants with macular oedema were excluded.Results2240 eyes from 1280 participants were included. Of these, 1764 (78.7%) eyes had no DR, 351 (15.7%) eyes had minimal or mild DR and 125 (5.6%) eyes had moderate or worse DR. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, axial length, hypertension, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, total cholesterol and diabetes duration, eyes with DR had thicker macula (245.44 µm vs 243.04 µm, P=0.03) and outer retina (124.26 µm vs 123.08 µm, P=0.01) than eyes without DR. When stratified by DR severity, thicker macula (250.24 µm vs 242.88 µm, P=0.011) and outer retina (126.4 µm vs 123.0 μm, P=0.006) were observed in eyes with moderate or worse, but not minimal or mild DR, compared with eyes without DR.ConclusionsEven in the absence of macular oedema, eyes with DR, particularly those with more severe DR, had thicker macular and outer retinal layers than eyes without DR.
Transportation characteristics associated with non-arrivals to paediatric clinic appointments: a retrospective analysis of 51 580 scheduled visits
Authors: Wallace David J , Ray Kristin N , Degan Abbye , Kurland Kristen , Angus Derek C , Malinow Ana 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrior work has not studied the effects of transportation accessibility and patient factors on clinic non-arrival.ObjectivesOur objectives were: (1) to evaluate transportation characteristics and patient factors associated with clinic non-arrival, (2) to evaluate the comparability of bus and car drive time estimates, and (3) to evaluate the combined effects of transportation accessibility and income on scheduled appointment non-arrival.MethodsWe queried electronic administrative records at an urban general pediatrics clinic. We compared patient and transportation characteristics between arrivals and non-arrivals for scheduled appointments using multivariable modeling.ResultsThere were 15 346 (29.8%) clinic non-arrivals. In separate car and bus multivariable models that controlled for patient and transit characteristics, we identified significant interactions between income and drive time, and clinic non-arrival. Patients in the lowest quartile of income who were also in the longest quartile of travel time by bus had an increased OR of clinic non-arrival compared with patients in the lowest quartile of income and shortest quartile of travel time by bus (1.55; P<0.01). Similarly, patients in the lowest quartile of income who were also in the longest quartile of travel time by car had an increased OR of clinic non-arrival compared with patients in the lowest quartile of income and shortest quartile of travel time by car (1.21, respectively; P<0.01).ConclusionsClinic non-arrival is associated with the interaction of longer travel time and lower income.
High percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases within a hyperendemic South African community: a population-based study
Authors: Vandormael Alain , de Oliveira Tulio , Tanser Frank , Bärnighausen Till , Herbeck Joshua T 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundUndiagnosed HIV infections could undermine efforts to reverse the global AIDS epidemic by 2030. In this study, we estimated the percentage of HIV-positive persons who remain undiagnosed within a hyperendemic South African community.MethodsThe data come from a population-based surveillance system located in the Umkhanyakude district of the northern KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. We annually tested 38 661 adults for HIV between 2005 and 2016. Using the HIV-positive test results of 12 039 (31%) participants, we then back-calculated the incidence of infection and derived the number of undiagnosed cases from this result.ResultsThe percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases decreased from 29.3% in 2005 to 15.8% in 2011. During this period, however, approximately 50% of the participants refused to test for HIV, which lengthened the average time from infection to diagnosis. Consequently, the percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases reversed direction and steadily increased from 16.1% to 18.9% over the 2012–2016 period.ConclusionsResults from this hyperendemic South African setting show that the HIV testing rate is low, with long infection times, and an unsatisfactorily high percentage of undiagnosed cases. A high level of repeat HIV testing is needed to minimise the time from infection to diagnosis if the global AIDS epidemic is to be reversed within the next two decades.
Observed and expected mortality in the German skin cancer screening pilot project SCREEN
Authors: Eisemann Nora , Waldmann Annika , Holleczek Bernd , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: November 2017

Objective The main purpose of skin cancer screening is melanoma mortality reduction. Before the implementation of nationwide German skin cancer screening, the pilot project SCREEN was conducted in Schleswig-Holstein in 2003–2004. We aimed to determine whether the pilot project had achieved a mortality reduction. Methods Using an incidence-based approach (patients with both melanoma diagnosis and death in 2003–2008), we compared the observed melanoma mortality of the SCREEN cohort to the melanoma mortality expected without screening in the general population of Saarland. Results The age- and sex-standardized melanoma mortality ratio (SMR) for 5.5 years of follow-up was 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.83). Conclusion Our results indicate reduced mortality in the SCREEN cohort. Several potential biases cannot be excluded, but most of them tend to inflate the SMR.
Hamstring Autograft for Foot and Ankle Applications
Authors: Cody Elizabeth A. , Karnovsky Sydney C. , DeSandis Bridget , Tychanski Papson Andrea , Deland Jonathan T. , Drakos Mark C. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Hamstring tendon autografts may be used for foot and ankle surgeries, although reports on their effectiveness and morbidity in the foot and ankle literature are limited. We studied a cohort of patients who underwent hamstring harvest for foot and ankle applications, hypothesizing that morbidity to the knee would be limited. Methods: We studied a cohort of patients who underwent hamstring autograft for foot or ankle applications by a fellowship-trained sports and foot and ankle surgeon since 2011. Thirty-seven patients underwent isokinetic strength testing using a dynamometer an average of 38 months postoperatively. The average patient age was 45 ± 16 (range, 18-78) years, and 54% were women. Peak flexion and extension torque as well as flexion and extension torque at 30, 70, and 90 degrees of flexion were collected at 2 different testing speeds, 180 and 300 degrees/s. t tests were used for all comparisons. Results: At follow-up, 32 patients (86%) reported no pain at the harvest site; the remaining 5 patients reported mild to moderate symptoms. No patients were dissatisfied, and all would recommend the surgery to someone else. Flexion strength at higher degrees of flexion was significantly lower compared with extension strength as well as compared with flexion strength at lower degrees of flexion, when testing was performed at lower speed ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: When used for foot and ankle surgery, hamstring autografts resulted in high patient satisfaction with minimal donor site morbidity. While knee flexion strength was decreased at higher degrees of flexion, this finding did not appear to be clinically significant. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Assessing gaps in cholesterol treatment guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease based on available randomised clinical trial evidence: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Pavlović Jelena , Greenland Philip , Deckers Jaap W , Kavousi Maryam , Hofman Albert , Ikram M Arfan , Franco Oscar H , Leening Maarten JG 
Published: November 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to determine how American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 and European Society of Cardiology 2016 guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) compare in reflecting the totality of accrued randomised clinical trial evidence for statin treatment at population level. Methods From 1997–2008, 7279 participants aged 45–75 years, free of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. For each participant, we compared eligibility for each one of 11 randomised clinical trials on statin use in primary prevention of CVD, with recommendations on lipid-lowering therapy from the ACC/AHA and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence and cardiovascular disease mortality rates were calculated. Results The proportion of participants eligible for each trial ranged from 0.4% for ALLHAT-LLT to 30.8% for MEGA. The likelihood of being recommended for lipid-lowering treatment was lowest for those eligible for low-to-intermediate risk RCTs (HOPE-3, MEGA, and JUPITER), and highest for high-risk individuals with diabetes (MRC/BHF HPS, CARDS, and ASPEN) or elderly PROSPER. Eligibility for an increasing number of randomised clinical trials correlated with a greater likelihood of being recommended lipid-lowering treatment by either guideline ( p < 0.001 for both guidelines). Conclusion Compared to RCTs done in high risk populations, randomised clinical trials targeting low-to-intermediate risk populations are less well-reflected in the ACC/AHA, and even less so in the ESC guideline recommendations. Importantly, the low-to-intermediate risk population targeted by HOPE-3, the most recent randomised clinical trial in this field, is not well-captured by the current European prevention guidelines and should be specifically considered in future iterations of the guidelines.
Thin Political Markets in Accounting and Beyond: Lessons for Leadership Education
Authors: Ramanna Karthik 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Thin political markets are regulatory processes characterised by two features: first, a concentrated commercial interest that is also the source of necessary experiential expertise; second, low participation from the general interest driven by low issue salience. Thin political markets generate capture in two ways distinct from the classic collective-action scenario: first, that the nature of necessary expertise is tacit or implicit – knowledge that comes from doing; second, that the issues at stake evince little interest from the general public or its intermediaries such as the media or politicians. The challenge in thin political markets is that business leaders, who are the subject-matter experts, are both the source of capture and the only realistic prospect for solution. I discuss ways in which we can address this challenge.
Challenges for European Public Sector Accounting
Authors: Heald David 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article is based upon the transcript of a speech given at the international workshop on “Which accounting regulation for Europe’s economy and society?” held at the European Parliament, Strasbourg, on May 20, 2015, in tribute to Mr Jérôme Haas (1963–2014), first chairman of the Accounting Standards Authority of France (ANC).
Open Debate on Accounting Regulation and the Public Good
Authors: Graeff Imke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article contains the proceedings of the open debate that followed the plenary panel on ‘Accounting Regulation and the Public Good’ at the international workshop on ‘Which Accounting Regulation for Europe’s Economy and Society?’ organised under the auspices of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, on 20 May 2015.
Optimization of MSC therapeutic strategies for improved GVHD treatment
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Kuang Weihong 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a powerful immunosuppressive capacity, and they have been used to treat numerous immune diseases, such as refractory graft-versus-host disease. Nevertheless, there are conflicting clinical data. To our knowledge, MSCs from different donors do not share the same qualities and have different immunosuppressive capacities. Infused MSCs are cleared by the recipient’s immune cells or macrophages. Therefore, the MSC therapeutic strategy might be the most important factor that determines treatment success. Repeated infusions would lead to a relatively stable MSC concentration, which would benefit a sustained therapeutic effect. In this review, we focus on the quality of MSCs and the associated therapeutic strategy, as well as other potential variables affecting their utility as a cellular pharmaceutical.
Preparation and characterization of iron(III) 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gels for the assessment of 99mTc elution performance
Authors: Amin Mahmoud , Fasih Tharwat W. , El-Absy Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
New iron(III) 99Mo-molybdate(VI) gels (Fe99Mo) of high Mo content were prepared by the precipitation/filtration method. 99Mo–MoO3 dissolved in NaOH was added to aqueous solutions of Fe(NO3)3 at Mo/Fe mole fractions ~2.21 and 1.99 with continuous stirring at ambient room temperature. Two different Fe99Mo were precipitated from the mixed solutions adjusted at pH 2 and 4.7. The amount of water of hydration increased with the increasing the gel settling time and pH of the mixed solution. The matrices were characterized by radiometric, XRD, SEM, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and DTA measurements. Small chromatographic columns of 2.0 g Fe99Mo containing ≥800 mg Mo tagged with 740 MBq 99Mo were eluted with 5 mL saline solution. Highly reproducible 99mTc elution indices suitable for preparation of 99Mo/99mTc generators were achieved from generator supported with 0.5 g Al2O3 filter. Elution performance of 99mTc radionuclide was highly dependent on the gel structural properties.
Reflexive sentences with la ‘let' in Norwegian — active or passive?
Authors: Lødrup Helge 
Published: November 2017

This article discusses Norwegian sentences such as Helge lar seg ikke stoppe ‘Helge lets REFL not stop’. The second verb raises a difficult question: It does not have passive morphology, but it seems to share properties with passive verbs. This problem has been discussed for corresponding constructions in e.g. German and French. I focus on the Norwegian data, and argue that it is necessary to consider this kind of sentences to be passive. I also discuss how to implement this view within an LFG conception of complex predicates.
Адаптация к учебе в вузе отдельных проблемных групп первокурсников: эмпирические данные и теоретические выводы
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич , Луков Сергей Валерьевич 
Published: November 2017

<p>Опираясь на фрагмент ежегодного исследования по первокурсникам Московского гуманитарного университета, относящийся к выделению проблемных групп, испытывающих трудности в адаптации к учебе в гуманитарном вузе, авторы статьи показывают, как эмпирические данные формируют теоретические представления в области социологии молодежи.</p><p> </p>
Global Health in Ottawa: An Interview with Dr. Anne McCarthy, Lead for Undergraduate Medical Education in Global Health
Authors: Rhee Gaeun , Dong Yuan Yi (Ryan) 
Published: November 2017

Dr. Annie McCarthy, MD, is Professor of Medicine at the University of Ottawa and a member of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Ottawa Hospital. She is the Lead for Undergraduate Medical Education Global Health and previous Director of the Office of Global Health for the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa. In addition, she is the Director of the Tropical Medicine and International Health Clinic at the Ottawa Hospital. She is in charge of tropical medicine teaching at an UGME and PGME level. For more than two decades, she has been involved with travel medicine on a clinical, research and policy level. She has been committed to preparing particularly medical trainees for safe and ethical electives in resource poor settings. Her clinical work includes many new Canadians, including many refugees. She has a large educational commitment, including undergraduate, postgraduate medical and continuing education teaching in infectious disease, travel medicine, tropical medicine and global health.
Multi-dermatomal unilateral nevus comedonicus along the lines of Blaschko: a rare presentation
Authors: Varma Krishnendra , Bhargava Shashank 
Published: November 2017

<p>Nevus comedonicus is a rare skin disorder due to defect in development of hair follicle presenting as groups of closely set, dilated follicular openings with dark keratin plugs resembling comedones. The lesions may be distributed in a linear, interrupted, unilateral or bilateral pattern and sometimes follow the lines of Blaschko. It may develop inflammatory acne-like lesions leading to cysts, abscesses and scarring. A 36 year-old woman presented with multiple pits on left half of the body involving the face, upper limb, shoulder, back and buttock since the age of 4 years. She also had a painful swelling over the back. There was no history of cranial, skeletal or ocular involvement. Physical examination revealed multiple circular honeycomb-type pitted scars sized from 0.1×0.1 to 0.5×0.5 mm present unilaterally along lines of Blaschko in an interrupted pattern over the left half of the body as mentioned above. Among these pitted scars few scattered comedones were present with interfollicular normal skin. There was an abscess along the margin of one of the lesions over the back which was tender, indurated and with local rise of temperature. Histopathological examination revealed deep, wide invagination of acanthotic epidermis, filled with concentric lamellae of keratin. Hair shafts were occasionally seen in the dermis, below the lower part of invagination. Based on clinical and histopathological picture a diagnosis of nevus comedonicus was made. She was treated with topical tretinoin and oral retinoids without much improvement. Nevus comedonicus in itself is a rare epidermal nevus, its multi-dermatomal unilateral distribution along the lines of Blaschko is even rarer.</p>