bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Performance of Government Investment and Interventions to Promote Small‐Scale Irrigation Works in China's Major Grain‐Producing Areas‐Based on the Two‐Step Model of Malmquist‐FGLS
Authors: Luo Fang , Ma Weimin , Sun Caihong , Tian Miao , Zhou Yewang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChina's major grain‐producing areas have the important role of ensuring the nation's grain security. Farmland water conservation projects, which are financed by government investment and promoted by additional government policies, are vital for grain and agricultural production. Analysing the determinants of good performance of farmland water conservation, and the performance of government investments and interventions in major grain‐producing areas, are important for understanding whether the scale and structure of investment are reasonable and, hence, efficient.We apply the data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist index method and panel data feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) model to data from China's major grain‐producing areas between 1990 and 2014. Based on this two‐step Malmquist and FGLS model, we estimate the performance of farmland water conservation and the determinants of performance, emphasizing the effects of government investment and other public policies.The results show that current investment policies do not result in efficient performance in farmland water conservation projects. The scale of investment is too small and its structure needs to be adjusted. In contrast, increasing the level of economic development promotes the performance of these investments. However, rural education focusing on urban jobs rather than on modern farming skills pulls in the opposite direction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial and Follow‐Up Evaluations of Integrated Psychological Services for Anxiety and Depression in a Safety Net Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Sadock Elizabeth , Perrin Paul B. , Grinnell Renée M. , Rybarczyk Bruce , Auerbach Stephen M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveDespite the recognized importance of integrated behavioral health, particularly in safety net primary care, its effectiveness in real world settings has not been extensively evaluated. This article presents 2 successive studies examining the effectiveness of integrated behavioral care in a safety net setting.MethodStudy 1 compared the depression and anxiety scores of predominately low‐income and minority patients who underwent brief interventions (N = 147) to those of patients from a demographically similar comparison clinic without integrated psychological services, matched on baseline levels of anxiety and depression and length of time between assessments (N = 139). Study 2 did not include a control group but served as a long‐term follow‐up assessment of anxiety and depression for a subset of 47 patients who finished treatment and could be reached by telephone within 6–18 months of their last session.ResultsStudy 1 found that patients from the clinic with integrated psychology services experienced greater decreases in depression and anxiety scores than patients in the control clinic. These effects did not differ as a function of age, gender, or race. Study 2 found that patients continued to decline in depression and anxiety over time, with lower scores at the last session and even lower scores after longer‐term follow‐up ranging from 6 to18 months. These improvements remained significant when controlling for other interim mental health treatments.ConclusionThese results support the short‐ and long‐term treatment effects of brief primary care behavioral interventions, further strengthening the case for integrated behavioral healthcare in safety net settings.
Assessment of maximal handgrip strength: how many attempts are needed?
Authors: Reijnierse Esmee M. , de Jong Nynke , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Blauw Gerard Jan , Butler‐Browne Gillian , Gapeyeva Helena , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , McPhee Jamie S. , Narici Marco V. , Sipilä Sarianna , Stenroth Lauri , van Lummel Rob C. , Pijnappels Mirjam , Meskers Carel G.M. , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) is used to identify individuals with low muscle strength (dynapenia). The influence of the number of attempts on maximal HGS is not yet known and may differ depending on age and health status. This study aimed to assess how many attempts of HGS are required to obtain maximal HGS.MethodsThree cohorts (939 individuals) differing in age and health status were included. HGS was assessed three times and explored as continuous and dichotomous variable. Paired t‐test, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis were used to test reproducibility of HGS. The number of individuals with misclassified dynapenia at attempts 1 and 2 with respect to attempt 3 were assessed.ResultsResults showed the same pattern in all three cohorts. Maximal HGS at attempts 1 and 2 was higher than at attempt 3 on population level (P < 0.001 for all three cohorts). ICC values between all attempts were above 0.8, indicating moderate to high reproducibility. Bland–Altman analysis showed that 41.0 to 58.9% of individuals had the highest HGS at attempt 2 and 12.4 to 37.2% at attempt 3. The percentage of individuals with a maximal HGS above the gender‐specific cut‐off value at attempt 3 compared with attempts 1 and 2 ranged from 0 to 50.0%, with a higher percentage of misclassification in middle‐aged and older populations.ConclusionsMaximal HGS is dependent on the number of attempts, independent of age and health status. To assess maximal HGS, at least three attempts are needed if HGS is considered to be a continuous variable. If HGS is considered as a discrete variable to assess dynapenia, two attempts are sufficient to assess dynapenia in younger populations. Misclassification should be taken into account in middle‐aged and older populations.
Portal systemic shunt between the hepatic portal vein and right renal vein in a patient with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: Case report
Authors: Sabol Pušić Mateja , Budimir Ivan , Dorosulić Zdravko , Ostrički Branko , Nikolić Marko , Lovrenčić Prpić Gordana , Sreter Katherina B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPortal hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by the development of collateral circulation and portosystemic shunts, as well as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. We present the case of a large portosystemic shunt between the hepatic portal vein and aneurysmal right renal vein in a cirrhotic 64‐year‐old man with thrombosis of the portal vein and hepatocellular carcinoma. This is a very rare clinical manifestation which, to our knowledge, has been described only once previously in the literature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:524–527, 2017
Hamiltonicity and Degrees of Adjacent Vertices in Claw‐Free Graphs
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor a graph H, let for every edge . For and , let be a set of k‐edge‐connected K3‐free graphs of order at most r and without spanning closed trails. We show that for given and ε, if H is a k‐connected claw‐free graph of order n with and , and if n is sufficiently large, then either H is Hamiltonian or the Ryjác̆ek's closure where G is an essentially k‐edge‐connected K3‐free graph that can be contracted to a graph in . As applications, we prove:

For , if and if and n is sufficiently large, then H is Hamiltonian.
For , if and n is sufficiently large, then H is Hamiltonian.

These bounds are sharp. Furthermore, since the graphs in are fixed for given p and can be determined in a constant time, any improvement to (i) or (ii) by increasing the value of p and so enlarging the number of exceptions can be obtained computationally.
Trend analysis of monthly mean values and extreme indices of daily temperature in a region of southern Italy
Authors: Caloiero T. , Coscarelli R. , Ferrari E. , Sirangelo B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe analyses of temperature extremes can be very useful because they are highly representative of the climatic tendency of an area. In this study, 19 temperature series registered in southern Italy have been analysed for detecting trends through the Mann–Kendall non‐parametric test. The tendencies have been detected since 1951 for the maximum and minimum monthly temperatures and for several indices of daily extremes. As a result, the minimum and maximum monthly temperatures mainly denote a positive trend for spring and summer months and a marked negative one in September. Moreover, the trend analysis on the extreme temperature indices shows opposite behaviours: a clear positive tendency in the frequency and intensity of the highest values and some negative trends for the lowest ones.
Cross‐cultural measurement invariance of the General Health Questionnaire‐12 in a German and a Colombian population sample
Authors: Romppel Matthias , Hinz Andreas , Finck Carolyn , Young Jeremy , Brähler Elmar , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile the General Health Questionnaire, 12‐item version (GHQ‐12) has been widely used in cross‐cultural comparisons, rigorous tests of the measurement equivalence of different language versions are still lacking. Thus, our study aims at investigating configural, metric and scalar invariance across the German and the Spanish version of the GHQ‐12 in two population samples. The GHQ‐12 was applied in two large‐scale population‐based samples in Germany (N = 1,977) and Colombia (N = 1,500). To investigate measurement equivalence, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in both samples. In the German sample mean GHQ‐12 total scores were higher than in the Colombian sample. A one‐factor model including response bias on the negatively worded items showed superior fit in the German and the Colombian sample; thus both versions of the GHQ‐12 showed configural invariance. Factor loadings and intercepts were not equal across both samples; thus GHQ‐12 showed no metric and scalar invariance. As both versions of the GHQ‐12 did not show measurement equivalence, it is not recommendable to compare both measures and to conclude that mental distress is higher in the German sample, although we do not know if the differences are attributable to measurement problems or represent a real difference in mental distress. The study underlines the importance of measurement equivalence in cross‐cultural comparisons.
The effect of temperature, gradient, and load carriage on oxygen consumption, posture, and gait characteristics
Authors: Hinde Katrina , Lloyd Ray , Low Chris , Cooke Carlton 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of load carriage in a range of temperatures to establish the interaction between cold exposure, the magnitude of change from unloaded to loaded walking and gradient.MethodsEleven participants (19–27 years) provided written informed consent before performing six randomly ordered walking trials in six temperatures (20, 10, 5, 0, −5, and −10 °C). Trials involved two unloaded walking bouts before and after loaded walking (18.2 kg) at 4 km · h−1, on 0 and 10% gradients in 4 min bouts.ResultsThe change in absolute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) from the first unloaded bout to loaded walking was similar across all six temperatures. When repeating the second unloaded bout, V̇O2at both −5 and −10 °C was greater compared to the first. At −10 °C, V̇O2was increased from 1.60 ± 0.30 to 1.89 ± 0.51 L · min−1. Regardless of temperature, gradient had a greater effect on V̇O2and heart rate (HR) than backpack load. HR was unaffected by temperature. Stride length (SL) decreased with decreasing temperature, but trunk forward lean was greater during cold exposure.ConclusionDecreased ambient temperature did not influence the magnitude of change in V̇O2from unloaded to loaded walking. However, in cold temperatures, V̇O2was significantly higher than in warm conditions. The increased V̇O2in colder temperatures at the same exercise intensity is predicted to ultimately lead to earlier onset of fatigue and cessation of exercise. These results highlight the need to consider both appropriate clothing and fitness during cold exposure.
An eighteenth-century theme park: museum-reserve Tsaritsyno (Moscow) and the public culture of the post-Soviet metropolis
Authors: STEPANOV BORIS , SAMUTINA NATALIA 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT:The article discusses the dramatic history of the Tsaritsyno Park and museum-reserve. By the mid-2000s, it had become one of Moscow's iconic places and a zone where urban public culture was shaped. The authors trace the history of this architectural ensemble and park in terms of their role in сity culture and analyse changes in the historical culture of contemporary post-Soviet Moscow. The Tsaritsyno Park and museum exemplify these changes. An unfinished country residence of Catherine II, with a Grand Palace that had stood as a ruin for over 200 years, it has been radically renewed by the Moscow city authorities in what came to be labelled ‘fantasy restoration’. The palace was finished and now serves as the core of the museum, organized according to a controversial historical policy. Tsaritsyno as a whole became a cultural oddity featuring historical attractions for the public, effectively an ‘eighteenth-century theme park’.
Primary-care management of patients with coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Boris Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoarctation of the aorta is a congenital cardiac defect that results in a variable degree of obstruction to the left side of the heart. It can present with either acute shock in the neonatal period as a critical lesion or it can appear more insidiously with hypertension or other findings later in life. This article summarises aspects of outpatient care of patients with this lesion, including clinical history and physical examination, ancillary testing, and issues associated with long-term follow-up and management. Increasing knowledge and experience with this group of patients have allowed for a higher level of evidence-based care over the long term.
BNIP3 upregulation via stimulation of ERK and JNK activity is required for the protection of keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis
Authors: Moriyama Mariko , Moriyama Hiroyuki , Uda Junki , Kubo Hirokazu , Nakajima Yuka , Goto Arisa , Morita Takashi , Hayakawa Takao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe human skin has an important role in barrier function. Ultraviolet rays (UV) from sunlight exposure can cause cell apoptosis in the skin epidermis, resulting in the disruption of the barrier. Previously, we have demonstrated that BNIP3 stimulates autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes and has a protective effect in these cells upon UVB irradiation. In this study, we found that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by UVB irradiation was sufficient to trigger the activation of JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human primary epidermal keratinocytes. In turn, activated JNK and ERK MAPK mediated the upregulation of BNIP3 expression. Treatment with an antioxidant reagent or a specific inhibitor of MAPK, U0126, and a JNK inhibitor significantly attenuated the expression of BNIP3 triggered by UVB, followed by the induction of cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, UVB-induced apoptosis was significantly stimulated by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of autophagy. Moreover, BNIP3 was required for the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria upon UVB irradiation. These data clearly indicated that BNIP3-induced autophagy, which occurs via UVB-generated ROS-mediated JNK and ERK MAPK activation, has a crucial role in the protection of the skin epidermis against UVB irradiation.
Alexithymia and personality traits of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: La Barbera D. , Bonanno B. , Rumeo M. V. , Alabastro V. , Frenda M. , Massihnia E. , Morgante M. C. , Sideli L. , Craxì A. , Cappello M. , Tumminello M. , Miccichè S. , Nastri L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPsychological factors, specific lifestyles and environmental stressors may influence etiopathogenesis and evolution of chronic diseases. We investigate the association between Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and psychological dimensions such as personality traits, defence mechanisms, and Alexithymia, i.e. deficits of emotional awareness with inability to give a name to emotional states. We analyzed a survey of 100 patients with IBD and a control group of 66 healthy individuals. The survey involved filling out clinical and anamnestic forms and administering five psychological tests. These were then analyzed by using a network representation of the system by considering it as a bipartite network in which elements of one set are the 166 individuals, while the elements of the other set are the outcome of the survey. We then run an unsupervised community detection algorithm providing a partition of the 166 participants into clusters. That allowed us to determine a statistically significant association between psychological factors and IBD. We find clusters of patients characterized by high neuroticism, alexithymia, impulsivity and severe physical conditions and being of female gender. We therefore hypothesize that in a population of alexithymic patients, females are inclined to develop psychosomatic diseases like IBD while males might eventually develop behavioral disorders.
Antennal transcriptomes of three tortricid moths reveal putative conserved chemosensory receptors for social and habitat olfactory cues
Authors: Gonzalez Francisco , Witzgall Peter , Walker William B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInsects use chemical signals to find mates, food and oviposition sites. The main chemoreceptor gene families comprise odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs). Understanding the evolution of these receptors as well as their function will assist in advancing our knowledge of how chemical stimuli are perceived and may consequently lead to the development of new insect management strategies. Tortricid moths are important pests in horticulture, forestry and agriculture around the globe. Here, we characterize chemoreceptors from the three main gene families of three economically important tortricids, based on male antennal transcriptomes using an RNA-Seq approach. We identified 49 ORs, 11 GRs and 23 IRs in the green budworm moth, Hedya nubiferana; 49 ORs, 12 GRs and 19 IRs in the beech moth, Cydia fagiglandana; and 48 ORs, 11 GRs and 19 IRs in the pea moth, Cydia nigricana. Transcript abundance estimation, phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution rate comparisons with deorphanized receptors of Cydia pomonella allow us to hypothesize conserved functions and therefore candidate receptors for pheromones and kairomones.
Slender barley, an extension growth mutant
Authors: Schünmann Petra H.D. , Harrison Judith , Ougham Helen J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Slender barley arises from a mutation in a single nuclear-gene and has pleiotropic effects on growth and development. Plants homozygous for the mutant allele have a greatly increased leaf extension rate, resulting in long and attenuated leaves. The difference in growth rate is accentuated at low temperature. Individual epidermal cells are both longer and narrower in slender, so the whole-plant phenotype is mirrored at the cell level. Whilst the slender phenotype can be mimicked in normal plants by the application of gibberellin, endogenous levels are low. In addition, unlike the normal plants, embryo-less half-seeds of slender show GA-independent secretion of α-amylase. Unlike mature leaf tissue of normal and slender plants which have similar cell wall rheology, young slender leaves are much more plastic than the corresponding normal. Differential screening of cDNA libraries has led to the identification of at least five genes with altered patterns of expression in slender. Described in detail are expression patterns for two of these; pcD1311 encoding a shoot peroxidase, and WPRP1 encoding a prolinerich protein thought to have a structural role in the cell wall. Gene expression at low temperatures suggests that slender is abnormally insensitive to temperature reduction at the molecular level. This is consistent with leaf extension continuing at lower than normal temperatures in slender compared with normal.
Optical counterparts of two ULXs in NGC 5474 and NGC 3627 (M 66)
Authors: Avdan S. , Vinokurov A. , Fabrika S. , Atapin K. , Avdan H. , Akyuz A. , Sholukhova O. , Aksaker N. , Valeev A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We identified two optical counterparts of brightest ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in galaxies NGC 5474 and NGC 3627 (M66). The counterparts in Hubble Space Telescope images are very faint, their V magnitudes are 24.7 (MV ≈ −4.5) and 25.9 (MV ≈ −4.2), respectively. NGC 5474 X-1 changes the X-ray flux more than two orders of magnitude, in its bright state it has LX ≈ 1.6 × 1040 erg s−1, the spectrum is best fitted by an absorbed power law model with a photon index Γ ≈ 0.94. M66 X-1 varies in X-rays with a factor of ∼2.5, its maximal luminosity being 2.0 × 1040 erg s−1 with Γ ≈ 1.7. Optical spectroscopy of the NGC 5474 X-1 has shown a blue spectrum, which however was contaminated by a nearby star of 23 mag, but the counterpart has a redder spectrum. Among other objects captured by the slit are a background emission-line galaxy (z = 0.359) and a new young cluster of NGC 5474. We find that these two ULXs have largest X-ray-to-optical ratios of LX/Lopt ∼ 7000 for NGC 5474 X-1 (in its bright state) and 8000 for M66 X-1 both with the faintest optical counterparts ever measured. Probably their optical emission originates from the donor star. If they have super-Eddington accretion discs with stellar-mass black holes, they may also have the lowest mass accretion rates among ULXs such as in M81 X-6 and NGC 1313 X-1.
The Response of Thermoluminescence Dosemeters to Beta Radiation in Different Radiation Fields
Authors: Heinzelmann M. , Kratz H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The response to beta radiation was measured for thermoluminescence detectors of various types as a function of the irradiation geometry and for the beta radiation from various nuclides. The measurements were carried out with 90Sr-90Y, 204Tl and 147Pm point and area sources. In some cases, additional absorbers were attached in front of the sources. The response depends on the irradiation geometry, especially for thicker thermoluminescence detectors. In some cases, the response to 90Sr-90Y beta radiation was smaller by a factor of 2 than the response measured at the PTB secondary standard. For 204Tl and 147Pm beta radiation, the dependence of the response on the irradiation geometry seems to be lower than for high energy beta radiation.
Application of TSEE Characteristics to High Energy Radiation Dosimetry Around an Electron Linear Accelerator
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Nakasaku S. , Kawanishi M. , Oda K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The response of the exoelectron dosemeter to the absorbed dose has been investigated with the LiF sample irradiated with high energy electrons from a linear accelerator and ? rays from a 60Co source. The energy absorbed in the thin surface layer, which can be related to the origins of exoelectron emission, is, in general, smaller than the energy liberated there by primary radiation. In this paper the surface dose is calculated by the Monte Carlo Code EGS4. It is pointed out that the air layer in front of the sample also plays an important role by supplying secondary electrons to the surface region of the sample. The emission density of exoelectrons from a LiF single crystal for unit absorbed dose is found to be 5 x 104 electrons.cm-2.Gy-1, and nearly constant independent of the low LET radiation type.