bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of mechanical deformation and seepage mechanism of rock with filled joints
Authors: Yue Lei , Li Wei , Liu Yu , Li Shuncai , Wang Jintao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVarious defects exist in natural rock masses, with filled joints being a vital factor complicating both the mechanical characteristics and seepage mechanisms of the rock mass. Filled jointed rocks usually show mechanical properties that are weaker than those of intact rocks but stronger than those of rocks with fractures. The shape of the rock, filling material, prefabricated fissure geometry, fissure roughness, fissure inclination angle, and other factors mainly influence the mechanical and seepage properties. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and findings on filled rock joints, focusing on three key aspects: mechanical properties, seepage properties, and flow properties under mechanical response. First, the study emphasizes the effects of prefabricated defects (shape, size, filling material, inclination angle, and other factors) on the mechanical properties of the rock. The fracture extension behavior of rock masses is revealed by the stress state of rocks with filled joints under uniaxial compression, using advanced auxiliary test techniques. Second, the seepage properties of rocks with filled joints are discussed and summarized through theoretical analysis, experimental research, and numerical simulations, focusing on organizing the seepage equations of these rocks. The study also considers the form of failure under stress–seepage coupling for both fully filled and partially filled fissured rocks. Finally, the limitations in the current research on the rock with filled joints are pointed out. It is emphasized that the specimens should more closely resemble real conditions, the analysis of mechanical indexes should be multi‐parameterized, the construction of the seepage model should be refined, and the engineering coupling application should be multi‐field–multiphase.
Moment analysis method for the determination of permeation kinetics of coumarin at lipid bilayers of liposomes by using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Miyabe Kanji , Sakai Mio , Inaba Shunta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA method was developed for studying mass transfer kinetics at lipid bilayers of liposomes. Elution peaks of coumarin were measured by liposome electrokinetic chromatography (LEKC). Four types of phospholipids having different alkyl chains were used for preparing liposomes, which were used as pseudo‐stationary phases in LEKC systems. Rate constants of permeation across lipid bilayers of liposomes or of adsorption at lipid membranes were determined by analyzing the first absolute and second central moments of the elution peaks measured by LEKC. The rate constants of permeation or adsorption tend to decrease with an increase in the carbon number of the alkyl chains of phospholipids. It was demonstrated that the moment analysis of elution peak profiles measured by LEKC is effective for determining lipid membrane permeability or adsorption kinetics. Compared with other conventional techniques, the method has some advantages for studying mass transfer kinetics at lipid bilayers. Solute permeation across or solute adsorption at real lipid bilayers of liposomes is analyzed. The principle of the method is the analysis of separation behavior in LEKC, which is different from that of the other ones. It is expected that the method contributes to the kinetic study of mass transfer at lipid bilayers from various perspectives.
Reliability and economic evaluation of energy storage as backup and load regulation power supply in data centers
Authors: Zhang Shengyue , Xu Chao , Jiang Jing , Guo Jianjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe battery energy storage system (BESS) combines backup and load regulation functions, making it a potential alternative to the diesel generator (DG) as the backup power source for data centers. Some studies have been conducted on the reliability and cost–benefit of equipping data centers with BESS, but the impact of the reliability of external utility power and the expected outage losses have not been considered. Therefore, this study established a power supply reliability model that included the external utility power reliability and the electrical equipment reliability, and a cost–benefit model that took into account the BESS construction and replacement cost, the outage loss reduction, and the load regulation benefits. A case study was conducted on a data center in Beijing. The results indicate that: (a) the reliability and cost–benefit of BESS significantly vary with the reliability of the external utility power; (b) based on the 2022 utility power reliability data from various regions in China, in over 48% of the regions, the objective function value of BESS, the annual net income considering power outage losses, and the investment payback period are all superior to those of DG; and in over 27% of regions, the BESS–DG parallel system can serve as a suboptimal alternative to DG; (c) in regions with reliable utility power, BESS exhibits the potential as a feasible substitute for DG in providing backup and load regulation power to data centers.
Paid Employment and Mental Health in 65–74‐Year‐Olds: Analysis of National Data From 2000, 2007 and 2014
Authors: Perera Gayan , Glaser Karen , Di Gessa Giorgio , Stewart Robert 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEmployment rates for people aged 65 and over have been changing rapidly in many countries, but little is known about associations of employment status with mental health status and their stability over time. We therefore investigated mental health associations with employment status in 65–74‐year‐olds in three national samples.MethodsThe data for these analyses were drawn from three national surveys of psychiatric morbidity among adults in England living in private households carried out in 2000, 2007, and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Common mental disorder (CMD) and constituent symptoms were ascertained identically in the three surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Covariates included identical demographic, social and physical health measures.ResultsA significant association between non‐employment and CMD was present in 2007 (odds ratio 2.66 [95% CI: 1.02–7.83]) but there was no significant association between non‐employment and CMD in 2000 or 2014. The largest attenuation in the association between non‐employment and CMD was seen when adjusted for physical health related factors. In combined samples, non‐employment was most strongly associated with self‐reported cognitive difficulties (OR 1.25, 1.01–1.61), depressive ideas (1.30, 1.01–1.67), worry (1.30, 1.01–1.68), and anxiety (1.27, 1.00–1.64) as constituent CMD symptoms.ConclusionEvidence is still unclear whether employment after statutory retirement ages is associated with better mental health, and associations may be symptom‐specific. In the light of policies to encourage older workers to remain active in the labour market, more research is needed into the interrelationships between paid work and mental health, as well as other outcomes.
Enhancing experiential learning through virtual reality: System design and a case study in additive manufacturing
Authors: Rafa Rafia Rahman , Rahman Taufiq , Kobir Md Humaun , Yang Yiran , Deb Shuchisnigdha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe recent advancement in additive manufacturing (AM) leads to an extensive need for an industrial workforce in the near future. Workforce training in AM requires expensive capital investment for installing and maintaining this technology and proper knowledge about potential safety hazards. Traditional classroom settings often fail to bridge the critical gap between textbook learning and practical applications. Virtual reality (VR) training can simulate real‐world scenarios in a safe and controlled environment and improve student involvement to foster practical learning. In this paper, a virtual training platform for 3D printing has been developed and studied to improve AM education. The developed environment contains a selective laser sintering printer, a preparation station with necessary supplies, a control panel for process planning, and a post‐processing station. This platform provides students with excellent learning opportunities to gain hands‐on experiences and critical engineering skills on operating process parameters and safety measures. Undergraduate students majoring in industrial engineering were exposed to this learning approach to enhance their engagement and cognitive processing skills. Students' attentions were measured using eye metrics (fixation duration and preference index), and their exposure experiences were collected through the simulation sickness questionnaire, presence questionnaire, and system usability scale. Pre‐ and post‐VR training questionnaires and performance metrics (task completion time and accuracy) evaluated students' learning outcomes. Results provide valuable insights into students' attention, performance, and satisfaction with virtual training environments. Users' gaze behavior and subjective responses revealed many challenges that will help future researchers develop assistive instructions within this virtual educational platform.
Prognosis impact of multiple novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory indices in patients with initially diagnosed coronary artery disease
Authors: Gao Yi , Bai Geng , Li Yuqing , Yu Bo , Guo Ziqiang , Chen Xiaolin , Liu Tong , Li Guangping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate six novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory markers (neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐lymphocyte ratio [PLR], systemic immune inflammation index [SII], systemic inflammatory response index, and systemic immune inflammation response index [SIIRI]) in patients with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease [CAD].MethodsA total of 959 patients newly diagnosed with CAD and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study and followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke. The best cutoff value was used to compare the six indicators. Cox risk regression analysis evaluated the relationship between novel lymphocyte‐based inflammatory markers and MACEs in newly diagnosed CAD patients.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 33.3 ± 9.9 months, 229 (23.9%) MACEs were identified. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only SIIRI (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.853; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.092–8.371; p < .001) and PLR (HR: 1.725; 95% CI: 1.214–2.452; p = .002) were independent predictors of MACEs. Nevertheless, following the adjustment for covariates, only the SIIRI was found to be a significant predictor MACEs and its corresponding specific endpoint occurrences. The predictive ability of the model was improved when six different inflammatory markers were added to the basic model established by traditional risk factors, namely, the C‐index increased, and the SIIRI increased most significantly (AUC: 0.778; 95% CI: 0.743–0.812; p < .001). However, among the six novel inflammatory markers, only SIIRI had improved net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (NRI: 0.187; 95% CI: 0.115–0.259, p < .001. IDI: 0.135; 95% CI: 0.111–0.159, p < .001), which was superior to the basic model established by traditional risk factors.ConclusionsSIIRI is independent predictor of MACEs in newly diagnosed CAD patients. SIIRI was superior to other measures in predicting MACEs. The combination of SIIRI and traditional risk factors can more accurately predict MACEs.
Photoplethysmography‐Based Angiography of Skin Tumors in Arbitrary Areas of Human Body
Authors: Guryleva Anastasia , Machikhin Alexander , Orlova Ekaterina , Kulikova Evgeniya , Volkov Michail , Gabrielian Gaiane , Smirnova Ludmila , Sekacheva Marina , Olisova Olga , Rudenko Ekaterina , Lobanova Olga , Smolyannikova Vera , Demura Tatiana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTNoninvasive, rapid, and robust diagnostic techniques for clinical screening of tumors located in arbitrary areas of the human body are in demand. To address this challenge, we analyzed the feasibility of photoplethysmography‐based angiography for assessing vascular structures within malignant and benign tumors. The proposed hardware and software were approved in a clinical study involving 30 patients with tumors located in the legs, torso, arms, and head. High‐contrast and detailed vessel maps within both benign and malignant tumors were obtained. We demonstrated that capillary maps are consistent and can be interpreted using well‐established dermoscopic criteria for vascular morphology. Vessel mapping provides valuable details, which may not be available in dermoscopic images and can aid in determining whether a tumor is benign or malignant. We believe that the proposed approach may become a valuable tool in the preliminary cancer diagnosis and is suitable for large‐scale screening.
Evaluating cryptographic vulnerabilities created by quantum computing in industrial control systems
Authors: Vermeer Michael J. D. , Heitzenrater Chad , Parker Edward , Moon Alvin , Lumpkin Domenique , Awan Jalal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuantum computing is expected to eventually be able to break the public‐key cryptography algorithms currently used throughout information technology (IT) infrastructure, undermining foundational tools used to maintain information security across the country's critical infrastructure. As these systems converge, the security posture of operational technology (OT) systems has to adapt to a new threat landscape and adopt some of the same security controls as those used in enterprise IT, especially cryptographic controls that rely on public‐key cryptography, which are ubiquitous in enterprise IT systems. Operators and manufacturers of industrial control systems (ICSs) and OT systems will need to understand and address the unique ways in which these systems will be vulnerable to adversaries equipped with quantum computers. We assessed quantum computing–facilitated cryptographic vulnerabilities in ICSs and OT systems to identify the issues in need of the most‐urgent attention from ICS and OT owners, operators, and manufacturers. Employing a modified consequence‐driven, cyber‐informed engineering process informed by literature review and analysis, we mapped protocols using or enabling cryptographic protections across common ICS network topologies as part of an assessment of how an attacker could cause harm, especially damaging physical consequences resulting from manipulation of cyber–physical systems, through the cryptographic compromise of ICS and OT networks and components. Our evaluation of identified and ranked risks to related control systems was also informed by relevant literature on ICS risk assessment and mitigation, cyber harms, and historical attacks on critical infrastructure. Using our analysis, we assessed the overall difficulty in mitigating risk from each of the identified vulnerability archetypes. The resulting analysis identified vulnerabilities associated with code‐signing processes as the highest priority for attention when updating systems for a postquantum future. This risk was followed by vulnerabilities associated with forged certificates for identification and vulnerabilities associated with forged session keys, identified as lower priorities but still of concern. Informed by our findings, we offer recommendations related to the protection of these vulnerabilities and the improvement of ICS security in developed systems.
An extension of Nash‐Williams and Tutte's Theorem
Authors: Fang Xuqian , Yang Daqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe celebrated Nash‐Williams and Tutte's Theorem states that a graph contains edge‐disjoint spanning trees if and only if , where
In this paper, we prove that, for integers , , if , then contains edge‐disjoint spanning trees and another forest with , and if is not a spanning tree, then has a component with at least edges. Moreover, the bound of is sharp.
Identification of regions maintaining atrial fibrillation through cycle length and cycle length gradient mapping
Authors: Shimojo Masafumi , Inden Yasuya , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Yamauchi Ryota , Hiramatsu Kei , Iwawaki Tomoya , Tachi Masaya , Kondo Shun , Goto Takayuki , Tsuji Yukiomi , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisualizing the specific regions where atrial fibrillation (AF) is maintained is crucial for effective treatment, but it remains challenging in clinical practice. We aimed to address this challenge by developing a mapping approach focused on the cycle length (CL) and its gradient (CL‐gradient).MethodsIn 105 patients undergoing initial ablation for persistent AF, pre‐ablation CARTOFINDER data were utilized to create maps based on three indicators: (1) CL, the atrial frequency during AF calculated using CARTOFINDER; (2) Short CL, encompassing CLs within 5 ms of the minimum CL; and (3) CL‐gradient, the CL range within a 6 mm radius. We evaluated the association between the AF termination through ablation and the measured values and patterns in each map.ResultsAF termination occurred in 17 patients. The AF termination group exhibited the significant large maximum CL‐gradient (48.8 ms [interquartile range, 38.6–66.3], p <.001) and the short distance between the minimum CL site and the maximum CL‐gradient site (15.8 mm, [interquartile range, 6.0–23.2], p =.029). Of the 17 AF termination cases, 13 exhibited a CL distribution pattern characterized by a steep CL‐gradient near the minimum CL site (SG‐MCL), defined as the distance of less than 23.2 mm and the maximum CL‐gradient greater than 33.1 ms. In these AF termination cases, SG‐MCL was also correlated with the ablation area.ConclusionsThe minimum CL area accompanied by significant CL gradients in the immediate vicinity may play a crucial role in sustaining AF.
Understanding the Changes in Moisture Budget of Extreme Wet Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation in CMIP6
Authors: Byju Pookkandy , Muruki Santosh Kumar , Mathew Milan , Venkatramana Kaagita , Krishnamohan K. S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change is expected to have a considerable impact on precipitation leading to more intense and frequent extreme events. Considering the different driving mechanisms of precipitation extreme is essential to understand the changes in response to climate change. In this study, we decompose the intensity of extreme wet month precipitation (EWMP) during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) into atmospheric dynamic, thermodynamic and non‐linear components by using moisture budget estimation. The data from 19 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase‐6 (CMIP6) models are used for historical, intermediate (SSP2‐4.5), and high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) scenarios and the changes are estimated for near (2021–2040), mid (2041–2060), and far‐future (2081–2100) relative to the historical (1995–2014) period for different monsoon sub‐domains. The findings reveal a significant increase in the intensity of EWMP in the ISM, projecting 2%–12% in SSP2‐4.5 and 8%–25% in SSP5‐8.5 for the far‐future. The enhanced vertical ascent of moisture (V‐Dyn) is found to be a dominant factor contributing more than 70% to EWMP in most sub‐domains. However, regardless of enhancement in intensity of precipitation, the models simulate a reduction in impact of the V‐Dyn by 10%–35% from the near to far‐future period, particularly in high emission scenarios. Vertical thermodynamic and non‐linear moisture advection components also play minor roles (<5% in historical), with their influence gradually increasing with future warming (>15% in SSP5‐8.5). The responses also vary regionally for components such as horizontal dynamic term, where it leads to precipitation offset in the northern regions, but causes enhanced precipitation in southern regions. The study highlights the spatial and temporal variability of moisture budgets of extreme wet Indian summer monsoon precipitation in a warming environment.
Association of Hospital Volume With Quality Care Outcomes Following Minor and Major Hepatectomy for Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Janczewski Lauren M. , Vitello Dominic J. , Peters Xane , Valukas Catherine , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRegionalizing hepatic resections to high‐volume hospitals (HVH) has improved outcomes, yet widened disparities in access. We sought to evaluate the association of hospital volume with quality care outcomes and overall survival (OS) between minor and major hepatectomy for primary liver cancer.MethodsThe National Cancer Database identified patients with primary liver cancer who underwent minor/major hepatectomy (2009–2019). HVHs were defined by the top quartile in annual case volume (vs. the bottom three quartiles). Quality care outcomes (time to resection, margin status, length of stay, 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality, 90‐day mortality) and OS were assessed using multivariable regression.ResultsOverall, 6,988 patients underwent minor hepatectomy and 4880 major hepatectomy. No differences in quality care outcomes or OS based on hospital volume for minor hepatectomy were observed (all p > 0.05). Treatment at HVHs for major hepatectomy was associated with decreased odds of 30‐day and 90‐day mortality events (all p < 0.05). Median OS was 40.2 months [IQR 21.7–66.6] at HVHs versus 33.5 [IQR 17.0–58.7] at low‐volume hospitals which remained independently predictive of improved OS on multivariable analysis (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93).ConclusionThese results support regionalization to HVHs for major hepatectomy; however, minor hepatectomy can be safely performed at hospitals regardless of volume.
Personal or Social? The Role of Fear of Missing Out in Poverty Alleviation Tourism
Authors: Wut Tai Ming , Lee Daisy , Wan Calvin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the literature on fear of missing out (FOMO) and poverty alleviation that tourists can be simultaneously affected by both personal FOMO (P‐FOMO) and social FOMO (S‐FOMO). The former is an individual‐based feeling, while the latter is how the individual would like to be perceived by others. An online survey was conducted using a quasi‐experimental approach with a sample of 493 Mainland China respondents. We analyzed the impact of FOMO‐laden online information on Chinese tourists subject to poverty alleviation travel. Anticipated elation, anticipated envy by other people, and moral obligation associated with P‐FOMO, while anticipated envy by other people, moral obligation, and social influence associated with S‐FOMO. The P‐FOMO affects tourists' intention to visit, rather than S‐FOMO. We fill the theoretical gap by examining FOMO in the context of poverty alleviation travel and subsequently contribute to sustainable tourism through poverty alleviation in this specific industry.