bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a State Police EAP
Authors: Reichman Walter , Beidel Bernard E. 
Published: November 2015

The implementation of the employee assistance program in the New Jersey State Police was studied over a three-year period. Quesionnaires were sent to a stratified random sample of sworn members once each year for three years. The questionnaire contained items to measure the degree of diffusion, receptivity, and the use of the program. The initial hypothesis was that the implementation of the program would follow the three-phase process of diffusion receptivity and use. The result of the first survey indicated the program was in the diffusion stage with more than 69% of the troopers having heard of the employee assistance program. Response to the receptivity items revealed there was an awareness and sensitivity to the need for the program and its potential benefits. The results of the second survey showed that the diffusion stage was strengthened with 78% of the response having heard of the program. Receptivity to the program had not increased significantly and use was minimal. On the basis of these results, recommendations were made to enlarge and enhance certain program elements. The results of the third survey were quite similar to those of the second. The program was largely in the diffusion stage and was little into receptivity and utilization. Innovative procedures were recommended to move the program into an integral part of the Division.
The Role of Marketing Research during Drug Development
Authors: Bartone Nicholas 
Published: November 2015

The benefits that can be derived from the conduct of marketing research during the drug development process are readily obtainable. During the early stages of drug development, marketing research can provide guidance regarding the identification of promising therapeutic areas, the design of Phase II and III trials, and the decision regarding whether to proceed with development. Marketing research can allow for the creation of a product which meets not only the regulatory requirements of the FDA, but the therapeutic needs of the marketplace. Later in the development track, marketing research contributes to formation of a product positioning, selection of a trade name, establishment of a pricing strategy and measurement of initial marketplace receptivity to the new product. It is hoped that this article provides a better appreciation of marketing research techniques and encourages their expanded use.
Drug Promotion in Self-Care and Self-Medication
Authors: Sorofman Bernard 
Published: November 2015

Bernard Sorofman Awareness of self-care for health has increased in recent years. Information is obtained through a wide variety of promotional activities about symptoms and treatments to assist in the determination of self-care actions. Sources of lay oriented self-care information include traditional health industry advertising, lay initiated self-care / self-help information, manufacturers' direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs and indirect-to-consumer promotional activities such as “medical breakthrough” news releases. This article covers several forms of medication promotion for self-care and explores the “medicalization” and “pharmaceuticalization” of self-care for health by health professionals.
Drug and Alcohol Problems in the Workplace in Italy
Authors: Bruno Francesco 
Published: November 2015

The workplace is, simultaneously, one of the least explored and most important areas where drug and alcohol problems occur. In this article some information on essential Italian features of this experience is collected and presented. According to this information, the nature and extent of drug and alcohol consumption can be considered critical. The characteristics of the Italian situation are outlined from quantitative and legislative points of view with general and contextual considerations. In Italy, prevention efforts and information on alcohol are separated completely from other drugs. This is especially true in the workplace where alcohol-related problems are perceived to be nonexistent. The attitudes of workers' organizations and businesses are presented. In Italy, drug dependence doesn't prejudice one's right to keep his job, even if employees carry out tasks dangerous to their own or other's safety. However, in order to safeguard others, the employer must reassign such employees to other tasks, as provided by law. Furthermore, the introduction of testing in the workplace has been delayed because it appears to imply a conflict between the organization's right to safeguard its interest and the individual's right to privacy.
Establishing an HIV/AIDS Intervention Program for Street Drug Users in a Developing Nation
Authors: Inciardi James A. , Surratt Hilary L. , McCoy H. Virginia 
Published: November 2015

The general purposes of the PROVIVA project are to establish a community HIV/AIDS surveillance and monitoring system in Rio de Janeiro and to develop, implement, and evaluate a community-based HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention program for cocaine injectors and snorters, and male transvestite sex workers, in Rio's shantytowns, prostitution districts, and other neighborhoods where rates of street drug use are high. A secondary purpose is to develop an effective field-based HIV prevention program that can be used in other communities throughout Latin America and perhaps other developing nations. Conducting research in an international setting in general, and establishing a community-based seroprevalence and prevention project in a developing nation in particular, presented a myriad of procedural and logistical obstacles and complications. Within this context, this paper reviews the requirements of the National Institute on Drug Abuse cooperative agreement projects, examines the issues and problems associated with implementing this kind of research in a developing nation, and suggests appropriate solutions for dealing with these emergent circumstances and difficulties.
A Qualitative Study of the Social Contextual Use of Alkyl Nitrites (Poppers) among Targeted Groups
Authors: French Rebecca , Power Robert 
Published: November 2015

This paper uses qualitative methods to examine the social contextual use of alkyl nitrites among targeted groups: young recreational drug users (students), polysubstance users receiving treatment in a methadone program, homosexual men, and homeless people. Nitrites were a popular recreational and social drug, most commonly taken in nightclubs to enhance both music and the effects of other recreational drugs or taken to enhance sexual experience. Its legal status, low cost, and easy availability added to its popularity, particularly among younger people. Nitrites appeared to be commonplace in mainstream night clubs, having previously been confined to night clubs catering to a more homosexual clientele. Despite this fact, nitrites were still associated with gay culture. There was no evidence that nitrite use led directly to use of illicit drugs.
Programs, Materials and Techniques
Authors: Brown Virginia 
Published: November 2015

The column this month is devoted primarily to an in-depth review of the Goodman & Burke Reading Miscue Inventory. The Reading Miscue Inventory, as one of the more radical departures from traditional reading assessment, is compared with a more traditional Individual Reading Inventory, the Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty. The basic premises of Miscue Analysis recast assessment from error counting to analyzing the context of a departure from the expected response of the text, and further to determine the relationship of that departure to the language and concept repertoire of the reader. Since they also carry implications for the reconsideration of the role of the teacher in reading instruction, and for viewing reading behaviors as “good” or “bad,” the bases upon which it has been developed will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in learning disabilities, as well as to parents whose children are placed in remedial programs designed to ameliorate reading problems. A short review of a program by Hatten & Hatten that is designed to bridge the gap between the language clinician's program and functional use of language in the natural environment follows. Last is a fanfare to Max Trader of the Grand Junction, Colorado Public Schools for a successful inservice that should be emulated.
The Influence of Coagulation Variables on the Structure and Physical Properties of an Acrylic Fiber
Authors: Knudsen J. P. 
Published: November 2015

During the coagulation step in the wet spinning process, a concentrated, highly viscous polymer solution is transformed into protofibers which require further processing before they acquire textile fiber properties. The structure of these protofibers is strongly influenced by coagulation conditions, and this structure, in turn, influences the extent to which desirable properties can be developed in the finished product. In this study, the effect of several coagulation variables on the structure of protofibers preserved by freeze drying has been determined and related to the further processability and final properties of the fibers. Coagulation temperature, coagulation bath composition, extrusion rate, and take-up rate are shown to influence the cross-sectional shape, initial density, and void structure of the protofibers. Higher initial fiber density and more homogeneous internal structure permit the development of higher strength at lower stretches, higher elongation at a given strength level, high maximum strength and modulus at high stretch ratios, and improved fatigue and abrasion behavior.
The Effect of Testing Conditions on Fiber Drag: Part I: Dynamic Method
Authors: Simpson Jack , DeLuca Lloyd B. 
Published: November 2015

The effect of testing conditions on fiber drag when a dynamic drafting force measurement (West Point Cohesion Tester2) is used was investigated. It was demonstrated that the drag characteristic of a particular cotton can best be evaluated by measuring the drafting tenacity at several roll settings. An exponential type of curve was obtained when the reciprocal of roll setting was plotted against drafting tenacity. Based on the equation for a particular draft, the equation for any draft can be derived by multiplying the constant of the equation by the ratio of the drafts. The drafting-force wavelength increased with increases in fiber length, roll setting, and draft, and it corresponded exactly to the wavelength of the sliver thickness wave as obtained with the Saco-Lowell Sliver Tester.
The Sorption Behavior of Cystine-Modified Wool
Authors: Watt I. C. 
Published: November 2015

The sorption behavior of wool fibers with a reduced cystine content has been studied, using water and formic acid as sorbates. Reduction alone causes little change of the sorption behavior but reduction followed by alkylation of the sulfhydryl groups causes changes depending on the extent of reduction and the alkylation procedure. The water absorption isotherm of the alkylated wool is less than the corresponding isotherm of unmodified wool until near-saturation humidities where the water content becomes higher for the alkylated samples. For absorption at high humidities the uptake curves of reduced and methylated samples show large overshoots of water content above the equilibrium water content. For samples alkylated with alkyl dihalides such that new cross-links are formed, the rate of uptake is less than for unmodified wool, but at saturation the water content is between that of unmodified wool and reduced and methylated wool. The conversion of cystine to lanthionine in wool also leads to increased water contents at high humidities. The changes in sorption behavior of the modified wools are more marked when formic acid vapor is the sorbate.
Effects of Mechanical Cleaning on Cotton Fibers: Part III: Effects of Card Wire Condition on White Specks
Authors: Bel-Berger Patricia , Von Hoven Terri 
Published: November 2015

Combinations of gin and mill cleaning sequences have been studied to determine the best way to clean both smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf cottons. The two varieties were subjected to four different levels of lint cleaning at the gin, followed by nine different mill cleaning sequences, for a total of thirty-six samples. All samples were tested for fiber properties (Part II), yarn strength, and fabric strength and appearance. The yarn and fabric properties are reported in this paper. In the middle of the study, the card wire was damaged and subsequently replaced, which presented the opportunity to determine the impact of the card wire's condition on white specks. In addition, image analysis of the fabric samples by Optimas detected the percent white, the percentage of the area of white specks in a specified area of fabric. Because of the variability of white specks, a larger sample size was needed than was available for the mill samples, so only trends can be reported for the mill samples. In general, the more aggressive the cleaning, the higher the percent white. When comparing the effect of ginning, each additional lint cleaner produced an increase in percent white for the worn card wire. The new card wire decreased the percent white overall as compared to the worn card wire. The new card wire samples with three lint cleanings had a significantly higher white speck level than zero, one, or two lint cleaners. Similarly, the harsher the mill cleaning, the higher the percent white. The hairy-leaf variety produced percent white values similar to those for the smooth-leaf cotton for both the old and new card wires. Thus, when confronted with the possibility of a white speck problem, minimal gin cleaning and less aggressive mill cleaning are recommended.
Gifted Children's Perception of Divorce
Authors: Falk Carolyn 
Published: November 2015

Forty-one students from middle grades, some gifted and some not, some with experience with divorce in their families and some who were not, were administered a series of interviews, produced writing samples, and were given a subtest of the Defining Issues test. All groups saw the family as an important unit for them and its break up a serious matter regardless of whether they had personally experienced divorce. The most commonly reported theme in the stories was self blame, and there was hope that the separated parents would reunite. The gifted students gave longer stories and were able to take the perspective of adults as well as children in their stories. The gifted students also showed a stronger desire to want to understand the reasons for the dissolution of the marriage and, as might be expected, showed a more advanced level of moral reasoning. Additional variance, however, was contributed by the socioeconomic status of the family and the particular school attended making these findings merely suggestive and calling for more detailed investigation into the special coping skills against crisis demonstrated by gifted students.
Guest Editorial: The Media and the Gifted
Authors: Pedraza Carlos A. 
Published: November 2015

Comment by James J. Gallagher: The re-emergence of excellence as a national educational goal has turned the attention of the media to the education of gifted students. The result of this new attention is that many of us have been, or will shortly be, contacted by representatives of the media and asked our opinion on gifted education or an entire range of complex issues. How do we cope with this desired, but somewhat anxiety-producing, situation? Carlos Pedraza, Deputy Press Secretary to the Governor of Washington has, through the kind offices of Felice Kaufmann, agreed to provide some thoughts on how to interact with the media. We felt that this message was so timely and so on-target that we have made this into a guest editorial; one which we hope our readers will xerox and post by their telephones or up on their walls. Paying attention to any or all of this message could prevent many of the disappointments and surprises that can come from our adventures with the media.
Petrosquamosal Suture and Lamina
Authors: Proctor Bruce , Nielsen Eric , Proctor Conrad 
Published: November 2015

The junction of the petrosal and squamosal portions of the temporal bone has important relationships that are of interest to the otologist. The resultant suture extends from the glaserian fissure across the top of the middle ear cleft and into the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It may permit quick passage of infection from the middle ear to the middle cranial fossa. The petrosa may override the squama, forcing it down into the tympanum, where it could cause malleus fixation and a conductive type hearing loss.In the mastoid the suture is identifiable on the surface, but in the interior it is represented by the petrosquamosal lamina. The deeper portion in the petrosal portion of the mastoid may be easily overlooked in surgery of the mastoid and may lead to facial nerve injury.
Steel Bar Penetrating the Skull
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Elonka Dennis R. , Sisson George A. , Bytell David E. 
Published: November 2015

A 42‐year‐old construction worker was struck in the head by a ten‐foot steel bar that fell 240 feet, entering the left parietal area of the skull and exiting above the left zygoma. The bar was surgically removed and the postoperative course was unremarkable. His residual deficits include mild aphasia and the need of a cane for assistance with walking.
Neoglottis Reconstruction Following Total Laryngectomy: The Emory Experience
Authors: McConnel Fred M.S. , Teichgraeber John 
Published: November 2015

A number of studies over the last decade have reported on a viability of the primary neoglottis reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Early results have been encouraging, although operative and perioperative complications are higher than with a classic laryngectomy. This article reports on a series of 13 neoglottis reconstructions performed at Emory University Medical School using the techniques developed by Mario Staffiert, MD. During the course of the study, the overall success rate has fallen from 80% at three years to 54% at five years. With each succeeding year there has been an increasing need for revision surgery. The series emphasizes the need for long‐term follow‐up in any vocal rehabilitation procedure.
A Longitudinal Study of Changes in the Cochlear Nucleus in the CBA Mouse
Authors: Lambert Paul R. , Schwartz Ilsa R. 
Published: November 2015

The cochleas and brain stems of normal‐hearing CBA/CaJ and CaH mice ranging in age from 1 to 18 months were examined by light microscopy to document normal age‐related changes. At all ages examined, the cochlear morphologic structure appeared normal with no obvious loss of hair cells or spiral ganglion cells. In the cochlear nucleus, qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the total nuclear volume, in globular cell size, and in neuronal packing density.
Perilymph Fistulas in Infants and Children
Authors: Supance John S. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: November 2015

During the years 1975 through 1981 we performed exploratory tympanotomies on 33 infants and children (44 ears) to verify the presumptive diagnosis of perilymph fistula (PLF). A PLF was identified at the round window, oval window, or both in 29 (66%) of the 44 ears explored. After surgery hearing was unchanged in 86%, improved in 5%, and worsened in 9% of the ears in which PLFs had been observed. Complaints of vertigo subsided in all children in whom a PLF was repaired. Preoperative factors determined to be highly suggestive of the presence of a PLF included the following: sudden onset of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), congenital deformities of the head, and abnormal findings on tomograms of the temporal bones, especially Mondini‐like inner ear dysplasias. Middle ear abnormalities (primarily congenital) were observed in 20 of the 44 ears. Abnormal results of preoperative vestibular function studies, which included a fistula test, and sex were not consistently found to be associated with an observed PLF at tympanotomy.
Objective Evaluation of Anterior Septal Surgical Reconstruction
Authors: Mertz Janet S. , McCaffrey Thomas V. , Kern Eugene B. 
Published: November 2015

Fifty patients who underwent nasal septal reconstruction for anterior septal deformities were examined preoperatively and postoperatively with anterior mask rhinomanography. A high degree of correlation was found between the reduction in nasal resistance after operation and the patients' subjective assessment of improvement. Those patients who improved subjectively had a mean decrease in nasal resistance of 1.2 cm H2O/L/sec, whereas those patients who indicated no improvement had a mean increase in nasal resistance of 0.2 cm H2O/L/sec.
Failures with Plasti‐Pore Ossicular Replacement Prostheses
Authors: Sanna Mario , Gamoletti Roberto , Magnani Massimo , Bacciu Salvatore , Zini Carlo 
Published: November 2015

Plasti‐Pore ossicular prosthesis failures found in our series of 246 patients with regular follow‐up are reported and analyzed. Extrusions as well as poor functional results (postoperative air‐bone gap greater than 25 dB) of the prostheses with and without cartilage on top have been reviewed. The overall extrusion rate was 9.3%: a higher extrusion rate occurred with prostheses without cartilage (18.4%) than with cartilage (4.4%). Thirty‐six patients among those with poor postoperative hearing improvement have undergone revision surgery: the main causes of failure were a short prosthesis, a fixed stapes or footplate, adhesions of the prosthesis to surrounding structures, and the displacement of the prosthesis.
The Effect of Cooling on the Photodynamic Action of Hematoporphyrin Derivative during Interstitial Phototherapy of Solid Tumors: 1983 Second‐Place Resident Research Award: Basic Category*
Authors: Jones Gregory C. , Kinsey James H. , Neel H. Bryan , Cortese Denis A. 
Published: November 2015

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a mixture of compounds chemically prepared from naturally occurring crude hematoporphyrin, is preferentially concentrated in neoplastic cells and produces red fluorescence when irradiated with blue‐violet light. In addition, HpD exhibits other photodynamic properties, which, in the presence of oxygen and visible light, result in cytotoxicity. Preliminary reports indicate that early, superficial carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and tracheobronchial tree can be localized and treated successfully with HpD phototherapy (HpD‐PT), in which a fiberoptic bundle transmits laser light to the tumors. To assess this modality's potential for treating solid tumors, the cytotoxic effect of HpD‐PT was measured in a murine tumor model. We specifically assessed the effect of cooling on the pure photodynamic action of HpD‐PT. Adult female mice with typical mammary tumors received interstitial phototherapy 24 hours after HpD was given intraperitoneally. Light from an argon‐dye laser was delivered through an optical fiber, along with simultaneous cooling from a cryosurgical probe, for 15 minutes. After being cooled with a cryosurgical probe, tumors were excised 48 hours after treatment and the necrotic area was measured. The results indicate that cooling enhances the tumoricidal action of HpD‐PT.