bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical aspects of upscale error growth through the mesoscales: an analytical model
Authors: Bierdel L. , Selz T. , Craig G.C. 
Published: September 2017

Recent numerical studies suggest that convective instability and latent heat release quickly amplify errors in numerical weather predictions and lead to a complete loss of predictability on scales below 100 km within a few hours. These errors then move further upscale, eventually contaminating the balanced flow and projecting on to synoptic‐scale instabilities. According to this picture, the errors have to transition from geostrophically unbalanced to balanced motion while propagating through the mesoscale. Geostrophic adjustment was suggested as the dynamical process of this transition, but so far has not been clearly identified.In the current study, an analytical framework for the geostrophic adjustment of an initial point‐like pulse of heat is developed on the basis of the linearized, hydrostatic Boussinesq equations. The heat pulse is thought to model a convective cloud or an error within the prediction of a cloud. A time‐dependent solution for both transient and balanced flow components is derived from the analytical model. The solution includes the Green's function of the problem, which enables the extension of the model to arbitrary heat sources by linear superposition. Spatial and temporal scales of the geostrophic adjustment mechanism are deduced and diagnostics are proposed that could be used to demonstrate the geostrophic adjustment process in complex numerical simulations of midlatitude convection and upscale error growth.
Metabolic profile of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma determined using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Shan , Wang Gao‐Wa , Han Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Xiang‐Mei , Na Risu , Jin Haburi , Li Ping , Bu Renbatu 
Published: September 2017

RationaleRhizoma coptidis extract and its alkaloids show various pharmacological activities, but its metabolic profile in human plasma has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present research, the metabolism of Rhizoma coptidis at a clinical dose (5 g/60 kg/day) was systematically analyzed to determine its biotransformation processes in human plasma.MethodsIn this research, the metabolites of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma coptidis extract at a clinical dose were investigated using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high‐resolution LTQ‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The structural elucidation of the constituents was confirmed by comparing their retention times (tR) and MSn fragments with those of standards and literature reports.ResultsIn total, two prototypes and twelve metabolites were detected in human plasma. The two prototypes were confidently identified using reference standards. Of the compounds detected, M7 (berberrubinen‐9‐O‐glucuronide) was the most abundant based on its peak area, which indicates that this compound might be a pharmacokinetic marker for Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids in humans. Based on the metabolites detected in human plasma, a possible metabolic pathway for Rhizoma coptidis in vivo was proposed.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis were extensively biotransformed in vivo mainly via conjugation with glucuronic acid (GluA) or sulfuric acid (SulA) to form phase II metabolites, and the GluA metabolites are likely the dominant form in human plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo evaluation of the metabolic profile of the whole Rhizoma coptidis extract in human plasma, which is essential for determining the chemicals responsible for the pharmacological activities of Rhizoma coptidis in vivo. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further systematically study the pharmacokinetic behavior of Rhizoma coptidis in humans.
Quantification of Etoposide Hypersensitivity: A Sensitive, Functional Method for Assessing Pluripotent Stem Cell Quality
Authors: Secreto Frank J. , Li Xing , Smith Alyson J. , Bruinsma Elizabeth S. , Perales-Clemente Ester , Oommen Saji , Hawse Gresin , Hrstka Sybil C. L. , Arendt Bonnie K. , Brandt Emma B. , Wigle Dennis A. , Nelson Timothy J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) hold great promise in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, translation of hiPSC technology depends upon a means of assessing hiPSC quality that is quantitative, high-throughput, and can decipher malignant teratocarcinoma clones from normal cell lines. These attributes are lacking in current approaches such as detection of cell surface makers, RNA profiling, and/or teratoma formation assays. The latter remains the gold standard for assessing clone quality in hiPSCs, but is expensive, time-consuming, and incompatible with high-throughput platforms. Herein, we describe a novel method for determining hiPSC quality that exploits pluripotent cells’ documented hypersensitivity to the topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide (CAS No. 33419-42-0). Based on a study of 115 unique hiPSC clones, we established that a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of &lt;300 nM following 24 hours of exposure to etoposide demonstrated a positive correlation with RNA profiles and colony morphology metrics associated with high quality hiPSC clones. Moreover, our etoposide sensitivity assay (ESA) detected differences associated with culture maintenance, and successfully distinguished malignant from normal pluripotent clones independent of cellular morphology. Overall, the ESA provides a simple, straightforward method to establish hiPSC quality in a quantitative and functional assay capable of being incorporated into a generalized method for establishing a quality control standard for all types of pluripotent stem cells.
Structural Optimization of (Aum‐Agn‐Pdo‐Ptp) (m=10 and n+o+p=10) Tetrametallic Clusters Using a Combined Empirical Potential‐Density Functional (EP‐DF) Approach
Authors: Srivastava Ruby 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe putative global minimum structures of (Aum‐Agn‐Pdo‐Ptp) (m=10 and n+o+p=10) tetrametallic clusters with 20 atoms are obtained by basin hopping algorithm using Gupta potential parameters. A system‐comparison approach through combined empirical potential (EP)‐density functional (DF) method is adopted to investigate the energy competition and segregation effect for thirty six structural motifs. Vibrational analysis has been carried out to check the stability of these doped metal clusters. The thermal and chemical stability are measured by binding energy and HOMO‐LUMO gap. We have calculated the excess mixing energy, mixing energy and mixing coefficient, order parameter, average nearest neighbor distance (ANND) and shape deformation parameter for these doped metal clusters. Mixing/segregation effect is also discussed. Overall the calculated energy by EP parameters is lower for moderate number of (Pt, Pd) or higher number of Pt atoms and reasonably accurate for the other doped clusters. Results show that Au and Ag atoms occupy the surface sites while Pt and Pd atoms prefer mostly to the inner and middle shell.
Metrology of Multiphoton Microscopes Using Second Harmonic Generation Nanoprobes
Authors: Mahou Pierre , Malkinson Guy , Chaudan Élodie , Gacoin Thierry , Beaurepaire Emmanuel , Supatto Willy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn multiphoton microscopy, the ongoing trend toward the use of excitation wavelengths spanning the entire near‐infrared range calls for new standards in order to quantify and compare the performances of microscopes. This article describes a new method for characterizing the imaging properties of multiphoton microscopes over a broad range of excitation wavelengths in a straightforward and efficient manner. It demonstrates how second harmonic generation (SHG) nanoprobes can be used to map the spatial resolution, field curvature, and chromatic aberrations across the microscope field of view with a precision below the diffraction limit and with unique advantages over methods based on fluorescence. KTiOPO4 nanocrystals are used as SHG nanoprobes to measure and compare the performances over the 850–1100 nm wavelength range of several microscope objectives designed for multiphoton microscopy. Finally, this approach is extended to the post‐acquisition correction of chromatic aberrations in multicolor multiphoton imaging. Overall, the use of SHG nanoprobes appears as a uniquely suited method to standardize the metrology of multiphoton microscopes.
An iteration‐based interactive analysis method to design dynamic service‐oriented systems
Authors: Xie Wuping , Xue Jinyun , Jiang Dongming , Song Lan 
Published: September 2017

SummaryService‐oriented paradigm presents numerous new software development patterns and idioms. Software systems are implemented by composing existing third‐party services deployed in the open environment, which is significantly different from traditional software development methodologies in which systems are built through developing modules after system design in a closed environment. Therefore, it is urgent to raise a new design method to adapt to this new circumstance. We concentrate on reusing as many deployed services as possible then introduce a new life cycle model named Taiji model to illustrate this development process. The iteration‐based interactive analysis method following the model is proposed to design service‐oriented systems based on the view of extracting non‐creative activities from a creative activity through defining new notations or applying new rules. The method includes the interactive analysis process that analyzes requirements with deployed services in a local point of view and the iterative analysis process that redesigns system with new knowledge in a global perspective. Meanwhile, the reusable service threshold value is defined to build the uncertain candidate service set (UCSS) of each module in analysis process. The reliability and flexibility of systems can be improved through the quantitative static structure analysis on the basis of the UCSS of systems. Meanwhile, a practical dynamic service binding method that selects services according to actual states of invoking them is presented on the basis of the UCSS containing them. Finally, we also give a case study to illustrate the feasibility of this method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester risk assessment based on ultrasound and cell‐free DNA vs combined screening: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Sroka F. , Sonek J. , Abele H. , Lüthgens K. , Schmid M. , Wagner P. , Brucker S. , Wallwiener D. , Hoopmann M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis was a randomized controlled trial to compare risk assessment by first‐trimester combined screening (FTCS) with an approach that combines a detailed ultrasound examination at 11–13 weeks' gestation and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis.MethodsPregnant women with a normal first‐trimester ultrasound examination at 11–13 weeks' gestation (fetal nuchal translucency (NT) ≤ 3.5 mm and no fetal defects) were randomized into one of two groups. In the first group, risk of aneuploidy was assessed using FTCS based on the most recent UK Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm. In the second group, risk assessment was based on ultrasound findings and cfDNA analysis. An additional tube of blood was collected for FTCS in case the cfDNA analysis was uninformative. Primary outcome was false‐positive rate in screening for trisomy 21. A case was considered false positive if the karyotype was not trisomy 21 and if the risk for trisomy 21 was >1:100, irrespective of the method of risk calculation. Results were compared using 95% CIs using the Clopper–Pearson method.ResultsBetween October 2015 and December 2016, 1518 women with singleton pregnancy underwent first‐trimester screening. Thirty‐one (2.0%) pregnancies were not eligible for randomization due to increased NT (> 3.5 mm) and/or fetal defect. After exclusion of women who declined randomization (n = 87) and cases of fetal death and loss to follow‐up (n = 24), 688 pregnancies were randomized into the FTCS arm and 688 into the ultrasound + cfDNA analysis arm. There were no differences in maternal and gestational age, maternal weight and BMI, ethnicity, use of assisted reproduction and cigarette smoking between the two arms. In the ultrasound + cfDNA analysis arm, median risk for trisomy 21 was 1 in 10 000. None of the cases had a risk above 1: 100 (95% CI, 0.0–0.5%). In the FTCS arm, the median risk for trisomy 21 was 1 in 3787 and in 17 cases, the risk was higher than 1:100, which corresponds to 2.5% (95% CI, 1.5–3.9%) of the FTCS study‐arm population.ConclusionOur study has shown that first‐trimester risk assessment for trisomy 21 that includes a detailed ultrasound examination as well as NT measurement and is followed by cfDNA testing is associated with a significant reduction in the false‐positive rate compared with FTCS. This approach obviates the need for maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A in screening for fetal aneuploidy. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The 3-Dimensional Fermi Liquid Description for the Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Misawa Setsuo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The quasiparticles in the normal state of iron-based superconductors have been shown to behave universally as a 3-dimensional Fermi liquid. Because of interactions and the presence of sharp Fermi surfaces, the quasiparticle energy contains, as a function of the momentum

$$\varvec{p}$$

p

, a term of the form

$$( p - p_0)^3 \ln {( |p-p_0|/p_0)} $$

(
p
-

p
0

)

3

ln

(
|
p
-

p
0

|
/

p
0

)

, where

$$p = | \varvec{p} |$$

p
=
|

p

|

and

$$p_0$$

p
0

is the Fermi momentum. The electronic specific heat coefficient, magnetic susceptibility (Knight shift), electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient and thermoelectric power divided by temperature follow, as functions of temperature T, the logarithmic formula

$$a-b T^2 \ln {(T/T^*)}$$

a
-
b

T
2

ln

(
T
/

T
∗

)

,

$$a, \, b$$

a
,

b

and

$$T^*$$

T
∗

being constant; these formulae have been shown to explain the observed data for all iron-based superconductors. It is shown that the concept of non-Fermi liquids or anomalous metals which appears in the literature is not needed for descriptions of the present systems. When the superconducting transition temperature

$$T_{\mathrm {C}}$$

T
C

and the b / a value for the resistivity are plotted as functions of the doping content x, there appear various characteristic diagrams in which regions of positive correlation and those of negative correlation between

$$T_{\mathrm {C}}$$

T
C

and b / a are interconnected; from these diagrams, we may make speculations about the types of superconductivity and the crossover between them.
The Role of Ni-P Coating Structure on Fly Ash Cenospheres in the Formation of Magnesium Matrix Composites
Authors: Braszczyńska-Malik Katarzyna N. , Kamieniak Jacek 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The role of the Ni-P coating structure on fly ash cenospheres in the fabrication of magnesium matrix composites has been investigated. Two composites based on AZ91 commercial magnesium alloys with hollow aluminosilicate cenospheres were fabricated by the negative pressure infiltration technique. Two kinds of cenospheres (i.e., as Ni-P coated and after heat treatment) were used in order to determine the influence of the Ni-P coating structure on creating interfaces between the components. Microstructure analyses were carried out by light microscopy, atomic force microscopy, XRD, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Al3Ni2 and Mg2Ni intermetallic phases at the component interfaces were formed in the composite with as-received Ni-P-coated cenospheres. After heat treatment of the Ni-P-coated cenospheres, NiO was created outside the external layer of the Ni-P coatings and this oxide remained stable at the component interfaces during composite fabrication. In both cases, the Ni-P coating prevented the reaction between the cenosphere walls and the magnesium matrix alloy, which contributed to obtaining intact cenospheres, unfilled by the matrix alloy.
Innovation in care for individuals with cognitive impairment: Can reimbursement policy spread best practices?
Authors: Borson Soo , Chodosh Joshua , Cordell Cyndy , Kallmyer Beth , Boustani Malaz , Chodos Anna , Dave Jatin K. , Gwyther Lisa , Reed Susan , Reuben David B. , Stabile Stephen , Willis‐Parker Monica , Thies William 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere is now an unprecedented opportunity to improve the care of the over 5 million people who are living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and many more with cognitive impairment due to brain injury, systemic diseases, and other causes. The introduction of a new Medicare care planning benefit—long sought openly by advocacy organizations and clinicians and badly needed by patients and families—could greatly improve health care quality, but only if widely and fully implemented. We describe the components of this new benefit and its promise of better clinical care, as well as its potential to create a new platform for clinical and health outcomes research. We highlight external factors—and some that are internal to the benefit structure itself—that challenge the full realization of its value, and we call for broad public and professional engagement to ensure that it will not fail.
Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE): Predictive value of preoperative hormonal levels and pathology in non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Eken Alper , Gulec Feray 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative hormonal levels and pathology, as well as the outcome of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), presenting to our clinic for treatment of infertility. The records of 145 men with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) between March 2013 and November 2016 were studied. The patient's age, testicular volume, hormonal profile for follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (TT), and testicular pathology were recorded. The sperm retrieval, the clinical pregnancy and live birth delivery rates were noted. Our testicular sperm retrieval rate was 65.5%. There was no statistical difference in age, testicular volume, or hormonal levels in the TESE‐positive and negative groups. Hypospermatogenesis was found in testicular histopathology in 57 of 117 patients (48.7%) who underwent testicular biopsy. Sertoli Cell‐Only (SCO) syndrome was seen in 20.5%, Germ Cell Maturation Arrest (MA) in 16.3%, and Atrophy‐hyalinization in 14.5%. Seven men had Klinefelter's syndrome (KS), four of whom were TESE‐positive. There were no adverse effects of the procedure except for infection at the incision site in one patient. Single intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were performed in 92 couples leading to 41 clinical pregnancies and 26 live birth deliveries. Micro‐TESE is a safe procedure in experienced hands and provides infertile men with NOA an opportunity to father children. However unselected candidates with NOA should be counselled at the outset that only 17.9% will eventually become biological fathers.
Coping with pain in intimate situations: Applying the avoidance-endurance model to women with vulvovaginal pain
Authors: Flink Ida Katrina , Engmana Linnéa , Ter Kuile Moniek M. , Thomtén Johanna , Linton Steven J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic vulvovaginal pain is strikingly common and has a serious impact on women’s lives. Nevertheless, there are few longitudinal studies focusing on mechanisms involved in the pain development. One area of interest is how women cope with sexual activities and how this affects their pain. In this study, avoidance and endurance coping behaviors were explored as possible mediators of the relation between catastrophizing and pain, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Methods
251 women (18-35 years old) with vulvovaginal pain were recruited in university settings and filled out questionnaires about their pain, catastrophizing and coping behaviors at two occasions, with five months in between. Multiple mediation models were tested, exploring avoidance and endurance as mediators of the relation between catastrophizing and pain.

Results
The results showed that avoidance was an influential mediator of the link between catastro¬phizing and pain. Using multiple mediation models we found that although the indirect effects of both avoidance and endurance were significant cross-sectionally, only avoidance was a significant mediator in the combined model exploring associations over time.

Conclusions
This study indicates that the strategies women with vulvovaginal pain use for coping with sexual activities are important for the course of pain. Avoidance and, to a lesser degree, endurance strate¬gies were identified as important mediators of the effects of catastrophizing on pain. When exploring the links over time, only avoidance emerged as a significant mediator.

Implications
In this longitudinal study, catastrophizing was linked to vulvovaginal pain, via avoidance and endurance of sexual activities. Hence, targeting catastrophizing early on in treatment, as well as addressing coping, may be important in clinical interventions.
On the Authenticity of a Relic: An Archaeometric Investigation of the Supposed Bread Sack of Saint Francesco of Assisi
Authors: Rasmussen K L , Degano I , Colombini M P , Kjeldsen F , van der Plicht J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe relic “the sack of Saint Francesco” has for the first time been investigated by scientific means. The sack is kept at the Franciscan Friary of Folloni near Montella in southern Italy. According to legend, the sack appeared on the doorstep of the Friary in the winter of 1224 containing bread sent from St Francesco (St Francis of Assisi), who at that time was in France. The bread was allegedly brought to the friary by an angel. We analyzed samples of the sack to obtain a radiocarbon (14C) date and to search for any remaining traces of bread. The 14C date yielded a calibrated age range of AD 1220–1295 (2σ), which places the textile in the right timeframe according to the legend. Chemical analysis by gas-chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) revealed the presence of ergosterol (5, 7, 22-ergostatrien-3b-ol), a known biomarker of brewing, baking, or agriculture. In this paper we have further substantiated the validity of ergosterol as a biomarker for the past presence of bread. It appears that there is a fine correspondence between the Franciscan legend and the two most decisive scientific methods relevant for analyzing the sack. Although it is not proof, our analysis shows that the sack indeed could be authentic.