bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Cyanoacrylamides through Deacetalization and/or Knoevenagel Condensation followed by Selective Monohydration of Acetals and Aldehydes over Solid Acid Ferrites
Authors: Kamble Sumit B. , Rode Chandrashekhar V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new protocol of cascade synthesis for biologically active 2‐cyanoacrylamides (1) was developed. The reaction proceeds over a novel magnetically retrievable solid‐acid composite of iron oxide, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and phosphotungstic acid (Fe3O4/PVP–PWA) in AcOH–H2O medium under reflux conditions. This transformation is facilitated through single‐site Brønsted acid catalyzed cascade reactions involving deacetalization and/or Knoevenagel condensation followed by selective monohydration of nitriles starting from acetals (5) and aldehydes (2) with malononitrile (3). A series of aldehydes, dimethyl and diethyl acetals, along with some heterocyclic aldehydes were successfully transformed to 2‐cyanoacrylamides with >95 % yields. TEM images confirmed the coating of the PVP over nanosized Fe3O4. Stereoselective monohydration of 2‐benzylidenemalononitriles (4) to E isomers was demonstrated by NOESY experiments. The catalyst could be efficiently recycled seven times on employment of both acetals and aldehydes as substrates, as a result of its magnetic nature.
Measuring the Content of a Single Liposome through Electrocatalytic Nanoimpact “Titrations”
Authors: Cheng Wei , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe show the electrochemical determination of attomole glutathione contents within single individual liposomes at low overpotentials through mediated electron transfer by using copper (II) as a catalyst for the oxidation of liposomal glutathione. A “titration‐like” behaviour of individual liposomes was observed when impacting with the electrode to quantify the content within single liposomes. The nanoimpacts “titration” strategy allows the characterisation of nanoparticles containing redox‐inactive molecules at the single‐nanoparticle level.
Protect, profit, profess, promote: Establishing legitimacy through logics of diversity in Canadian accounting firm recruitment documents
Authors: Bujaki Merridee , Durocher Sylvain , Brouard François , Neilson Leighann , Pyper Rhonda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProspective accounting recruits are increasingly diverse. Drawing on a theoretical framework that combines legitimacy theory, impression management, and institutional logics, we use content analysis to examine how the eight largest Canadian accounting firms refer to diversity in their recruitment websites. Our analysis reveals accounting firms adopt multiple institutional logics and various impression management strategies to enhance legitimacy in the eyes of prospective diversity‐sensitive employees. We find four “Ps” of diversity‐related institutional logics—protect, profit, profess, and promote—all of which are at play in accounting firms' websites. Further, we find that diversity is far from being an institutionalized concept. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Microparticles Decrease After Cardiac Stress in Patients With Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Sinning Jan‐Malte , Jansen Felix , Hammerstingl Christoph , Meier Arne , Losch Jan , Rohwer Katharina , Schmitz Theresa , Paul Kathrin , Sedaghat Alexander , Schueler Robert , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca , Müller Cornelius , Nickenig Georg , Werner Nikos 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiac stress leads to a dynamic increase of circulating microparticles (MPs) in healthy individuals that is diminished in individuals with vascular disease. The impact of coronary ischemia on circulating MP level is unknown. This study investigates the kinetics of circulating MPs during cardiac stress in patients with coronary artery stenosis.HypothesisPatients with significant coronary stenosis show altered circulating MP levels after cardiac stress.MethodsEighty patients with stable coronary artery disease underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) on the day before coronary angiography. Before, immediately after, at 4 hours, and at 24 hours after DSE, blood was drawn to determine CD144+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs), CD14+CD16+ monocyte‐derived microparticles (MMPs), and CD31+CD42b+ platelet microparticles. A significant stenosis was defined as stenosis diameter ≥70% in a major native epicardial coronary artery with a diameter of ≥2.5 mm.ResultsSignificant coronary artery stenoses were found in 41 patients. In these patients, CD144+‐EMP and CD14+CD16+‐MMP concentrations decreased immediately after DSE. Stimulation of target endothelial cells with sera from patients with significant coronary artery stenoses significantly augmented endothelial capacity to take up EMPs, but not MMPs, in vitro. Serum‐induced enhancement of endothelial phosphatidylserine receptor expression was found as a potential mechanism of increased endothelial EMP uptake and subsequently reduced circulating EMP levels after cardiac stress.ConclusionsCardiac ischemia leads to reduced circulating MP levels under cardiac stress. Changes of endothelial MP uptake capacities could be one possible mechanism.
Green and selective polycondensation methods toward linear sorbitol‐based polyesters: enzymatic versus organic and metal‐based catalysis
Authors: Gustini Liliana , Lavilla Cristina , Janssen William W. T. J. , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián , Koning Cor E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRenewable polyesters derived from a sugar alcohol (i.e., sorbitol) were synthesized by solvent‐free polycondensation. The aim was to prepare linear polyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups along the polymer backbone. The performance of the sustainable biocatalyst SPRIN liposorb CALB [an immobilized form of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB); SPRIN technologies] and the organo‐base catalyst 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) were compared with two metal‐based catalysts: dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO) and scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate [also known as scandium triflate, Sc(OTf)3]. For the four catalytic systems, the efficiency and selectivity for the incorporation of sorbitol were studied, mainly using 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies, whereas side reactions, such as ether formation and dehydration of sorbitol, were evaluated using MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Especially the biocatalyst SPRIN liposorb CALB succeeded in incorporating sorbitol in a selective way without side reactions, leading to close‐to‐linear polyesters. By using a renewable hydroxyl‐reactive curing agent based on l‐lysine, transparent and glossy poly(ester urethane) networks were successfully synthesized offering a tangible example of bio‐based coatings.
Effect of Statistical Noise on Simulation Results with a Plasma Fluid Code Coupled to a Monte Carlo Kinetic Neutral Code
Authors: Marandet Y. , Bufferand H. , Ciraolo G. , Genesio P. , Meliga P. , Rosato J. , Serre E. , Tamain P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPower exhaust is one of the major challenges that future devices such as ITER and DEMO will face. Because of the lack of identified scaling parameters, predictions for divertor plasma conditions in these devices have to rely on detailed modelling. Most plasma edge simulations carried out so far rely on transport codes, which most of the times consist of a fluid code for the plasma coupled to a kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) code for neutral particles. One of the main difficulties in interpreting code results is the statistical noise from the MC procedure, which makes it difficult to define a convergence criterion for the simulations. In this work, we elaborate on similarities between noisy transport code simulations and turbulence simulations, and argue that the time averaged solution is a well defined stationary solution for the system. We illustrate these ideas with a simple slab test case with fluid neutrals, to which we add synthetic noise. In this case, the effects of noise are found to be significant only at high noise levels and for large enough correlations times.
Modelling of Impurity Transport and Plasma–Wall Interaction in Fusion Devices with the ERO Code: Basics of the Code and Examples of Application
Authors: Kirschner A. , Tskhakaya D. , Kawamura G. , Borodin D. , Brezinsek S. , Ding R. , Linsmeier Ch. , Romazanov J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe 3D ERO code, which simulates plasma–wall interaction and impurity transport in magnetically confined fusion‐relevant devices is described. As application, prompt deposition of eroded tungsten has been simulated at surfaces with shallow magnetic field of 3 T. Dedicated PIC simulations have been performed to calculate the characteristics of the sheath in front of plasma–exposed surfaces to use as input for these ERO simulations. Prompt deposition of tungsten reaches 100% at the highest electron temperature and density. In comparison to more simplified assumptions for the sheath the amount of prompt deposition is in general smaller if the PIC–calculated sheath is used. Due to friction with the background plasma the impact energy of deposited tungsten can be significantly larger than the energy gained in the sheath potential.
Pap‐tests with non‐hyperchromatic dyskariosis are often associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix uteri with eosinophilic features
Authors: Bellisano Giulia , Ambrosini‐Spaltro Andrea , Faa Gavino , Ravarino Alberto , Piccin Andrea , Peer Irmgard , Kasal Armin , Vittadello Fabio , Negri Giovanni 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundSquamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix uteri with eosinophilic features (eosinophilic dysplasia, ED) are a peculiar type of dysplasia with metaplastic phenotype which was described in histological specimens. The cytological features of these lesions have not been studied yet.MethodsHistological samples from 66 women with features of ED and positive p16INK4a staining were included in the study. Within the previous year, all women had at least one pap‐test, whose features were recorded and compared with 31 control samples with high‐grade dysplasia of usual type.ResultsThe previous pap‐test showed high‐grade dysplastic cells with non‐hyperchromatic nuclei in 56/66 (84.8%) cases and metaplastic features in 60/66 (90.9%) cases. Conversely, the dysplastic cells of the usual lesions showed non‐hyperchromatic nuclei in 6/31 (19.4%) and metaplastic features in 4/31 (12.9%) cases. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in distribution of the non‐hyperchromatic nuclei (P < 0.001), metaplastic features (P < 0.001), presence of both non‐hyperchromatic nuclei and metaplastic features (P < 0.001) and usual dysplastic features (P < 0.001) among the study and control groups.ConclusionsA high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with non‐hyperchromatic nuclei or metaplastic features is often found in the pap‐test previous to the histological diagnosis of ED and may represent the cytologic correlate of this particular type of dysplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:783–786. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population genetic evidence for sex‐specific dispersal in an inbred social spider
Authors: Smith Deborah R. , Su Yong‐Chao , Berger‐Tal Reut , Lubin Yael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDispersal in most group‐living species ensures gene flow among groups, but in cooperative social spiders, juvenile dispersal is suppressed and colonies are highly inbred. It has been suggested that such inbred sociality is advantageous in the short term, but likely to lead to extinction or reduced speciation rates in the long run. In this situation, very low levels of dispersal and gene flow among colonies may have unusually important impacts on fitness and persistence of social spiders. We investigated sex‐specific differences in dispersal and gene flow among colonies, as reflected in the genetic structure within colonies and populations of the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898 (Eresidae). We used DNA fingerprinting and mtDNA sequence data along with spatial mapping of colonies to compare male and female patterns of relatedness within and among colonies at three study sites. Samples were collected during and shortly after the mating season to detect sex‐specific dispersal. Distribution of mtDNA haplotypes was consistent with proliferation of social nests by budding and medium‐ to long‐distance dispersal by ballooning females. Analysis of molecular variance and spatial autocorrelation analyses of AFLPs showed high levels of genetic similarity within colonies, and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that the number of source populations contributing to colonies ranged from one to three. We also showed significant evidence of male dispersal among colonies at one site. These results support the hypothesis that in social spiders, genetic cohesion among populations is maintained by long‐distance dispersal of female colony founders. Genetic diversity within colonies is maintained by colony initiation by multiple dispersing females, and adult male dispersal over short distances. Male dispersal may be particularly important in maintaining gene flow among colonies in local populations.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by multimodality cardiac imaging
Authors: Bertini Matteo , Mele Donato , Malagù Michele , Fiorencis Andrea , Toselli Tiziano , Casadei Francesca , Cannizzaro Teresa , Fragale Cristina , Fucili Alessandro , Campagnolo Elena , Benea Giorgio , Ferrari Roberto 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsUp to 30–45% of implanted patients are non‐responders to CRT. We evaluated the role of a ‘CRT team’ using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and longitudinal myocardial strain to identify the target area defined as the most delayed and viable region for LV pacing.Methods and resultsA total of 100 heart failure patients candidates for CRT divided into two groups were enrolled. Group 1 consisted of 50 consecutive patients scheduled for CRT and prospectively included. Group 2 (control) consisted of 50 patients with a CRT device implanted according to standard clinical practice and matched for age, sex, and LVEF with group 1. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. In group 1, patients underwent two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking assessment of longitudinal myocardial strain and CMR imaging to identify the target area for LV lead pacing. A positive response to CRT was defined as a reduction of ≥15% of the LV end‐systolic volume at 6‐month follow‐up. A total of 39 (78%) patients of group 1 were classified as responders to CRT whilst in group 2, only 28 (56%) were responders (P = 0.019). The ‘CRT team’ identified as target for LV pacing the lateral area in 30 (60%) patients, and the anterolateral or posterolateral areas in 12 (24%) patients. In 8 (16%) patients, the target was far from the lateral area, in the anterior or posterior areas. The patients with concordant position exhibited the highest positive response (93.1%) to CRT.ConclusionsMultimodality cardiac imaging as a guide for CRT implantation is useful to increase response rate.
Power efficiency, phase noise, and DC offset in constant envelope OFDM transceivers
Authors: Kiviranta Markku , Mämmelä Aarne , Apilo Olli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper considers constant envelope orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (CE‐OFDM) that is an attractive candidate for the future Long Term Evolution over satellite and device‐to‐device communications in merging public safety and commercial networks. The constant envelope modulation allows power amplifier (PA) to operate near saturation levels thus maximizing power efficiency. Because the phase noise transforms just into an additive noise term after the phase detector, the CE‐OFDM has significant advantage compared with phase noise sensitive OFDM. The transceiver power efficiency is evaluated by measuring the bit error rate as a function of average PA input signal‐to‐noise ratio so that the effects of the PA nonlinearities are taken into account in the performance evaluation. Our simulation results show that with a typical nonlinear satellite amplifier, the CE‐OFDM has up to 6.0dB gain compared with the OFDM. This is beneficial especially in a channel having high attenuation. The consistent gains for the ideally linearized amplifier and common terrestrial three‐way Doherty amplifiers are 2.2 and 2.5dB, respectively. The enhanced PA efficiency enables battery to be smaller or last longer in mobiles devices. For CE‐OFDM implementation, a simple transmitter and receiver structure with novel direct current offset removal is presented by keeping in mind that the key factor for the rapid uptake of the future fifth generation systems is the maximization of technology commonalities with existing systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alles außer gewöhnlich
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKieselalgen, Korallen, Eisfische: Hermann Ehrlich erforscht die Biominera­lisation von Meeresorganismen, die selbst extremsten Umständen trotzen. Sein Ziel sind innovative Biomateralien. Begegnung mit einem kreativen Spätberufenen
No Increased Risk of Ketoconazole Toxicity in Drug–Drug Interaction Studies
Authors: Outeiro Noémi , Hohmann Nicolas , Mikus Gerd 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn July 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a safety announcement regarding the use of ketoconazole and its adverse drug reactions. The FDA report advised against the use ketoconazole tablets as a first‐line treatment for any fungal infections because of the risk of potentially serious drug–drug interactions and liver and adrenal gland complications. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) also proposed to limit the use of oral ketoconazole in fungal infections because of the same risk of harmful effects and interactions. In addition, the FDA also advised against the use of oral ketoconazole in drug interaction studies, in which it has been extensively used as an index inhibitor of drug metabolism. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the risks of ketoconazole‐induced hepatotoxicity described by the FDA and EMA in published drug interaction studies with ketoconazole and compare these data with the toxicity reported for ketoconazole when used as antifungal treatment. In the drug interaction studies (2355 participants; healthy volunteers and patients; median treatment duration, 6 days), only 40 participants were reported to have increased liver transaminase activity (1.7%), and no deaths were reported or associated with ketoconazole. In studies investigating ketoconazole treatment, patients were treated for 276 days (median), and 5.6% of patients had elevated liver enzyme activity. Because of the short treatment period in drug interaction studies the risk of drug‐induced hepatic injury is considered very low. As such, we recommend that ketoconazole remain a safe CYP3A index inhibitor for use in drug interaction studies with healthy volunteers.
Non‐stationary signal classification via modified fuzzy C‐means algorithm and improved bacterial foraging algorithm
Authors: Sahu G. , Biswal B. , Choubey A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, empirical mode decomposition is applied to decompose the non‐stationary power signals that results in a set of maximum and minimum points while satisfying the properties of the sifting process. Further, the empirical mode decomposition method is implemented to extract various intrinsic mode functions from the non‐stationary signal disturbance waveforms that are already superimposed by various undulating modes. A novel short‐time modified Hilbert transform with an equivalent window is applied on all the intrinsic mode functions to extract the modified Hilbert energy spectrum and instantaneous magnitude response. Distinct features are derived from the short‐time modified Hilbert energy spectrum for automatic classification of non‐stationary power signals. The features obtained from the short‐time modified Hilbert transform are found to be different, understandable, and immune to noise. These features are then applied to the modified fuzzy C‐means based improved bacterial foraging optimization algorithm for improving the classification accuracy of the disturbances. Extensive simulation results yield excellent visual detection, localization, and classification of the different types of non‐stationary power signal disturbances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudotheory proliferation is damaging the organizational sciences
Authors: Cucina Jeffrey M. , McDaniel Michael A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on the role of theory in organizational behavior (OB) research. Authors are strongly encouraged to develop “theory” in their manuscripts and to make “theoretical contributions.” This trend is in stark contrast to the process used in other fields of science. Our counterparts in those fields follow the scientific method and define theory as a concise and elegant hypothesis that has survived extensive empirical testing. Rather than being based on extensive empirical research, many of OB's theories are based on a limited number of primary studies (at best) or speculation and conjecture (at worst). OB researchers are discouraged from testing other researchers' theories or replicating previously published work. Consequently, many OB theories do not meet the criteria for a true scientific theory. We propose that OB researchers should re‐embrace the scientific method and focus on creating a body of empirical research that could be used in the future to establish true scientific theories (through extensive hypothesis testing, empirical research, and conceptual replications) rather than concocting pseudotheories. Research in the personnel selection subfield of OB provides a reasonable exemplar of this model, yet it has been derided of late for being too atheoretical. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining and operationalizing theory
Authors: Cortina Jose M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOver the last 50 years, the organizational sciences have gone from being largely atheoretical to relying heavily on theory. For various reasons, our approach to theory building has strayed from the principles of scientific acceptability. In this paper, I explore the problems with our approach to theory, the systemic causes of these problems, and the changes that are needed to get us back on track. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indian monsoon's relation with the decadal part of PDO in observations and NCAR CCSM4
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lakshmi , Krishnamurthy V. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study has investigated the influence of the decadal component of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the Indian monsoon in observations and coupled climate model. A major part of the conventionally defined PDO is shown to be dominated by interannual variability. By extracting the pure decadal part of the North Pacific variability, this study has shown that the Indian monsoon rainfall exhibits different relations with the conventionally defined PDO and the pure decadal component of the PDO. This result may have implications for decadal prediction of the monsoon. The analysis suggests that the warm (cold) phase of pure decadal variability of PDO is associated with deficit (excess) rainfall over the west central part of India. In contrast, the conventional warm (cold) PDO index is associated with deficit (excess) rainfall over most of India. The warm phase of the pure decadal PDO opposes the moisture flow beyond 20°N over the Indian monsoon region via the meridional winds extending from the North Pacific and leads to reduced rainfall over west central India. The Community Climate System Model version 4 of the National Center for Atmospheric Research shows reasonable simulation of the decadal PDO mode in both the North Pacific sea surface temperature and the Indian monsoon rainfall and the relation between them. Further, the observed and simulated PDO–monsoon relation is substantiated through a regionally de‐coupled experiment. The coupled model experiment also provides supporting evidence for the mechanism involving the intermediary role played by the tropical Pacific Ocean in the PDO–monsoon relation.