bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of nigrosome 1 in substantia nigra at 3T using multiecho susceptibility map‐weighted imaging (SMWI)
Authors: Nam Yoonho , Gho Sung‐Min , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Eung Yeop , Lee Jongho 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo enhance the visibility of nigrosome 1 in substantia nigra, which has recently been suggested as an imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) at 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsThe substantia nigra structure was visualized at 3T MRI using multiecho susceptibility map‐weighted imaging (SMWI) in 15 healthy volunteers and 6 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The visibility of nigrosome 1 was further enhanced by acquiring data in an oblique‐coronal imaging plane at a high spatial resolution (0.5 × 0.5 × 1.0 mm3). To compare the visibility, the contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR) of the nigrosome 1 structure relative to the neighboring substantia nigra structure were evaluated in the SMWI and other conventional susceptibility contrast images (magnitude, frequency, quantitative susceptibility map [QSM] and susceptibility‐weighted image).ResultsIn healthy volunteers, the CNRs of the nigrosome 1 structure were 1.04 ± 0.38, 0.84 ± 0.32, 1.04 ± 0.40, 0.86 ± 0.41, and 1.45 ± 0.48 for magnitude, frequency, quantitative susceptibility map, susceptibility‐weighted image, and SMWI, respectively. Compared to conventional susceptibility contrast images, the SMWI method significantly improved the CNR of nigrosome 1 (P = 0.014 for magnitude, P = 0.030 for QSM, and P < 0.001 for frequency and SWI, respectively). The magnetic susceptibility difference between nigrosome 1 and neighboring substantia nigra structures was 0.037 ± 0.016 ppm (measured in QSM, P < 0.001) in healthy volunteers. In the PD patients, the visibility of the nigrosome 1 structures was reduced.ConclusionThe SMWI method enhances the visibility of nigrosome 1 structures at 3T MRI when compared to conventional susceptibility contrast images.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:528–536
Thirty years of Geriatric Therapeutics
Authors: Elliott Rohan A. , Woodward Michael C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the 1980s geriatric medicine was in its infancy in Australia, and geriatric therapeutics was a newly developing field. There was little primary literature regarding geriatric pharmacology and pharmacotherapy in older people. The Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital in Melbourne appointed its first geriatrician in 1983, and the ‘Geriatric Therapeutics’ series of articles (now known as ‘Geriatric Therapeutics Review’) began in 1986, as a partnership between the hospital's Pharmacy and Aged and Extended Care departments. Until 1990 Geriatric Therapeutics articles were published in the hospital's Pharmacy Bulletin. Since 1991 they have been published in this journal. For 30 years the series has provided readers with contemporary reviews of the management of medical problems in older people, with an emphasis on rational and safe drug therapy. Over that period there have been considerable changes in the therapeutic management of diseases that commonly affect older people, and the 125 articles published between 1986 and 2016 reflect many of those changes. To commemorate the 30th Anniversary of the Geriatric Therapeutics series, this article describes its origins and development, and some of the changes in therapeutics that have occurred over the last 30 years.
Integrated Reporting, Connectivity, and Social Media
Authors: Rivera‐Arrubla Yaismir Adriana , Zorio‐Grima Ana 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLeading companies worldwide are increasingly concerned about stakeholders’ needs. They include sustainability initiatives regarding the environment and the community in their business strategy and adopt a new way of communication with stakeholders, that is, the Integrated Report (IR). This document should include in just one document the information traditionally provided in the annual report, the sustainability report, and the corporate governance report. This article presents the IR phenomenon and pays special attention to the key concept of “connectivity,” according to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). However, Internet and digital technologies have provided new channels of communication and interaction through social media. Within the framework of the Legitimacy Theory, Reputation Risk Management, and Stakeholder Theory, this article argues that the new possibilities brought by social media can be most valuable for IR purposes as they are useful to increase transparency and stakeholder engagement. Having looked into 78 integrated reports for the year 2012 of the companies included in the IIRC pilot programme, our study posits that the level of IR connectivity (or its absence) can be due to the combination of three types of factors (information quality, corporate characteristics, and communication factors), using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis. Our findings confirm the equifinality tenet and the causal asymmetry principle. Very interestingly, in the sufficiency analysis, some factors always appear present (big size, long reports, and many channels of social media used) in the model for IR connectivity whereas in the model for non‐IR connectivity size and report length are always absent though the listing status is always present. This pioneering study is unique and valuable as it opens up a new line of research on IR and social media use, two of the latest trends in company reporting.
Polyelectrolyte Coacervates Deposited as High Gas Barrier Thin Films
Authors: Haile Merid , Sarwar Owais , Henderson Robert , Smith Ryan , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: November 2016

Multilayer coatings consisting of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes have proven to be extraordinarily effective oxygen barriers but require many processing steps to fabricate. In an effort to prepare high oxygen barrier thin films more quickly, a polyelectrolyte complex coacervate composed of polyethylenimine and polyacrylic acid is prepared. The coacervate fluid is applied as a thin film using a rod coating process. With humidity and thermal post‐treatment, a 2 µm thin film reduces the oxygen transmission rate of 0.127 mm poly(ethylene terephthalate) by two orders of magnitude, rivalling conventional oxygen barrier technologies. These films are fabricated in ambient conditions using low‐cost, water‐based solutions, providing a tremendous opportunity for single‐step deposition of polymeric high barrier thin films.
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Pleural “drop metastases” 21 years after resection of a thymoma
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun , Parsons Angela M. , Kriegshauser J. Scott , Paripati Harshita R. , Zarka Matthew A. , Leis A. Arturo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We describe an unusual case of pleural drop metastases 21 years after complete resection of an encapsulated thymoma in a Southeast Asian patient with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: This investigation includes a case report and brief review of the literature. Results: The patient presented in 2015 with generalized weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath, but no diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, or dysarthria. Because these symptoms were atypical for an MG exacerbation, a de‐novo work‐up was performed. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed numerous pleural nodules (“drop metastases”), and CT‐guided biopsy revealed metastatic thymoma. Conclusions: The average disease‐free interval for thymoma ranges from 68 to 86 months. Pleural and mediastinal recurrence are more common than distant hematogenous recurrence. Adverse prognostic factors include an initial higher Masaoka stage, incomplete resection, older age, and pleural or pericardial involvement. Despite apparent complete resection of thymoma, clinicians should remain vigilant for recurrence for as long as 20 years after initial management. Long‐term follow‐up with radiologic surveillance is recommended. Muscle Nerve 56: 171–175, 2017
Block spectral clustering methods for multiple graphs
Authors: Chen Chuan , Ng Michael K. , Zhang Shuqin 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn data science, data are often represented by using an undirected graph where vertices represent objects and edges describe a relationship between two objects. In many applications, there can be many relations arising from different sources and/or different types of models. Clustering of multiple undirected graphs over the same set of vertices can be studied. Existing clustering methods of multiple graphs involve costly optimization and/or tensor computation. In this paper, we study block spectral clustering methods for these multiple graphs. The main contribution of this paper is to propose and construct block Laplacian matrices for clustering of multiple graphs. We present a novel variant of the Laplacian matrix called the block intra‐normalized Laplacian and prove the conditions required for zero eigenvalues in this variant. We also show that eigenvectors of the constructed block Laplacian matrix can be shown to be solutions of the relaxation of multiple graphs cut problems, and the lower and upper bounds of the optimal solutions of multiple graphs cut problems can also be established. Experimental results are given to demonstrate that the clustering accuracy and the computational time of the proposed method are better than those of tested clustering methods for multiple graphs.
A unified method for the response analysis of interval/random variable models of acoustic fields with uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters
Authors: Yin Shengwen , Yu Dejie , Yin Hui , Xia Baizhan 
Published: November 2016

SummaryFor the response analysis of engineering systems with uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters, three uncertain models have been considered according to the available probability distribution information. One is the bounded random model in which the uncertain parameters are well defined with sufficient probability distribution information and described as bounded random variables. The second one is the interval model in which the uncertain parameters are expressed as interval variables without giving any information of probability distribution. The last one is the bounded hybrid uncertain model, which includes both bounded random variables and interval variables. On the basis of Gegenbauer polynomial approximation theory, a unified interval and random Gegenbauer series expansion (IRGSE) method is proposed and extended for the response prediction of three uncertain models of acoustic fields with uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters. In IRGSE, the uncertain‐but‐bounded variables with different probability distribution information, including interval variables and bounded random variables with different probability density functions, are transformed into the function of unitary variables defined on [‐1,1] associated with the corresponding polynomial parameter (λ) of Gegenbauer series expansion (GSE). The coefficients of GSE is calculated by Gauss–Gegenbauer integration method. By using IRGSE, the responses of three uncertain acoustic models are approximated uniformly by GSE, through which the interval and random analysis can be easily implemented by many numerical solvers. Two numerical examples are applied to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetics meets pathology – an increasingly important relationship
Authors: Bonthron David T , Foulkes William D 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe analytical power of modern methods for DNA analysis has outstripped our capability to interpret and understand the data generated. To make good use of this genomic data in a biomedical setting (whether for research or diagnosis), it is vital that we understand the mechanisms through which mutations affect biochemical pathways and physiological systems. This lies at the centre of what genetics is all about, and it is the reason why genetics and genomics should go hand in hand whenever possible. In this Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, we have assembled a collection of 16 expert reviews covering a wide range of topics. Through these, we illustrate the power of genetic analysis to improve our understanding of normal physiology and disease pathology, and thereby to think in rational ways about clinical management. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of adolescents with cancer treated at pediatric versus adult oncology treatment centers in France
Authors: Desandes Emmanuel , Brugieres Laurence , Laurence Valérie , Berger Claire , Kanold Justyna , Tron Isabelle , Clavel Jacqueline , Lacour Brigitte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn France, although children aged less than 15 years with cancer are usually referred to pediatric oncology centers, adolescents may be treated at pediatric or adult oncology centers. The objective was to compare survival according to their site of treatment.ProcedureUsing population‐based registration, 15‐ to 19‐year‐old patients diagnosed with cancer in 2006 or 2007 and living in six French regions (accounting for 41% of the French population) were included.ResultsOf the 594 patients included, 33% of the French adolescents were treated at a pediatric oncology center. Compared with those treated at a pediatric center, adolescents treated at an adult center were older, were more likely to have carcinoma and germ‐cell tumor, had a longer time to diagnosis, and were less likely to be enrolled in a clinical trial. In addition, the decisions for their management were less likely to be taken in the context of multidisciplinary team meetings. In multivariate analysis, adolescent patients treated at a pediatric center did not have significantly different overall survival (OS) compared with those treated at an adult center (5‐year OS: 84.1% [95% confidence interval: 78.6–90.0] versus 87.7% [95% confidence interval: 84.2–91.3]; P = 0.25).ConclusionsThe outcomes of French adolescents with cancer have begun to improve, with 81.2% survival in 2006–2007, with no difference between the types of treatment center. However, for this unique group of diseases, survival is not the unique endpoint. In order to ensure good quality of life after cancer, management of those patients requires specific approaches, designed to reduce the late effects of cancer treatment and improve supportive care.
Synchronous occurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and wilms tumor in two patients: underlying etiology and combined treatment plan
Authors: Yi Joanna S. , Kamihara Junne , Kesselheim Jennifer C. , Davies Kimberly , van Hoff Jack , Silverman Lewis B. , Mullen Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSynchronous cancers are extraordinarily rare in pediatric patients and present a therapeutic challenge. Patient A presented with synchronous unilateral Wilms tumor (WT) and standard‐risk (SR) B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genetic testing revealed bialleleic BRCA2/FANCD1 mutations. Patient B, after SR B‐precursor ALL induction therapy, was noted on fever workup to have a renal mass; pathology demonstrated lesion indeterminate between WT and nephrogenic rest. Therapy was customized for each patient to treat both cancers. Both patients have ongoing remission from their cancers, without excessive toxicity. We report two regimens for treating synchronous WT and ALL and recommend screening such patients for cancer predisposition.
Patient experiences of acute myeloid leukemia: A qualitative study about diagnosis, illness understanding, and treatment decision‐making
Authors: LeBlanc Thomas W. , Fish Laura J. , Bloom Catherine T. , El‐Jawahri Areej , Davis Debra M. , Locke Susan C. , Steinhauser Karen E. , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) face a unique, difficult situation characterized by sudden changes in health, complex information, and pressure to make quick treatment decisions amid sizeable tradeoffs. Yet, little is known about patients' experiences with AML. We used qualitative methods to learn about their experiences with diagnosis and treatment decision‐making to identify areas for improvement.MethodsWe recruited hospitalized patients with AML to participate in semi‐structured qualitative interviews about their experiences being diagnosed with AML, receiving information, and making a treatment decision. Interviews were conducted during their hospitalization for induction chemotherapy. We analyzed data by using a constant comparison approach.ResultsThirty‐two patients completed an interview. Four main themes emerged: (a) shock and suddenness, (b) difficulty processing information, (c) poor communication, and (d) uncertainty. Patients frequently described their diagnosis as shocking. They also felt that the amount of information was too great and too difficult to process, which negatively impacted their understanding. Patients frequently described a lack of emotional support from clinicians and described uncertainty about their prognosis, the number and nature of available treatments, and what to expect from treatment.ConclusionsAcute myeloid leukemia poses a sudden, emotionally challenging, information‐laden situation, where little time is available to make important decisions. This results in difficulty processing information and is sometimes complicated by a lack of emotive communication from clinicians. Results indicate a need for targeted interventions to improve AML patients' understanding of illness and treatment options and to address their traumatic experiences around diagnosis.
Towards understanding the crosstalk between protein post‐translational modifications: Homo‐ and heterotypic PTM pair distances on protein surfaces are not random
Authors: Korkuć Paula , Walther Dirk 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPost‐translational modifications (PTMs) represent an important regulatory layer influencing the structure and function of proteins. With broader availability of experimental information on the occurrences of different PTM types, the investigation of a potential “crosstalk” between different PTM types and combinatorial effects have moved into the research focus. Hypothesizing that relevant interferences between different PTM types and sites may become apparent when investigating their mutual physical distances, we performed a systematic survey of pairwise homo‐ and heterotypic distances of seven frequent PTM types considering their sequence and spatial distances in resolved protein structures. We found that actual PTM site distance distributions differ from random distributions with most PTM type pairs exhibiting larger than expected distances with the exception of homotypic phosphorylation site distances and distances between phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites that were found to be closer than expected by chance. Random reference distributions considering canonical acceptor amino acid residues only were found to be shifted to larger distances compared to distances between any amino acid residue type indicating an underlying tendency of PTM‐amenable residue types to be further apart than randomly expected. Distance distributions based on sequence separations were found largely consistent with their spatial counterparts suggesting a primary role of sequence‐based pairwise PTM‐location encoding rather than folding‐mediated effects. Our analysis provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the characteristics of pairwise PTM site distances on proteins and reveals that, predominantly, PTM sites tend to avoid close proximity with the potential implication that an independent attachment or removal of PTMs remains possible. Proteins 2016; 85:78–92. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of visual and direct force feedback in robotics‐assisted mitral valve annuloplasty
Authors: Currie Maria E. , Talasaz Ali , Rayman Reiza , Chu Michael W.A. , Kiaii Bob , Peters Terry , Trejos Ana Luisa , Patel Rajni 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this work was to determine the effect of both direct force feedback and visual force feedback on the amount of force applied to mitral valve tissue during ex vivo robotics‐assisted mitral valve annuloplasty.MethodsA force feedback‐enabled master–slave surgical system was developed to provide both visual and direct force feedback during robotics‐assisted cardiac surgery. This system measured the amount of force applied by novice and expert surgeons to cardiac tissue during ex vivo mitral valve annuloplasty repair.ResultsThe addition of visual (2.16 ± 1.67), direct (1.62 ± 0.86), or both visual and direct force feedback (2.15 ± 1.08) resulted in lower mean maximum force applied to mitral valve tissue while suturing compared with no force feedback (3.34 ± 1.93 N; P < 0.05).ConclusionsTo achieve better control of interaction forces on cardiac tissue during robotics‐assisted mitral valve annuloplasty suturing, force feedback may be required.
Active disturbance rejection control approach to output‐feedback stabilization of lower triangular nonlinear systems with stochastic uncertainty
Authors: Guo Bao‐Zhu , Wu Ze‐Hao 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control approach to output‐feedback stabilization for uncertain lower triangular nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics and stochastic disturbance. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate both unmeasured states and stochastic total disturbance that includes unknown system dynamics, unknown stochastic inverse dynamics, external stochastic disturbance, and uncertainty caused by the deviation of control parameter from its nominal value. The stochastic total disturbance is then compensated in the feedback loop. The constant gain and the time‐varying gain are used in ESO design separately. The mean square practical stability for the closed‐loop system with constant gain ESO and the mean square asymptotic stability with time‐varying gain ESO are developed, respectively. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed output‐feedback control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical performance of soft data fusion‐aided spectrum sensing in hybrid terrestrial‐satellite networks
Authors: Nallagonda Srinivas , Chandra Aniruddha , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe cognitive radio (CR) technology is developed to help secondary users to utilize spectrum holes of the primary users (PUs) opportunistically. Accurate detection of spectrum holes via cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is essential for realization of CR protocols in next generation hybrid terrestrial‐satellite networks. Soft data fusion refers to a class of efficient CSS schemes for CR networks to find presence or absence of a PU. Each CR user senses the PU and transmits its sensing information in terms of energy obtained using energy detector to fusion center (FC). Next, any of the soft data schemes, which differ in technique of combining the energy information, may be performed at FC to acquire a final decision about a PU. In the present paper, numerical analysis of various soft data‐aided CSS schemes in different fading/shadowing environments is studied. In particular, closed‐form expressions of detection probability for the known soft data schemes are derived for each of the popular fading models. A comparative performance of soft combining schemes is illustrated for various network and channel conditions. Further, an optimal detection threshold that minimizes the total error is also indicated for different soft schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.