bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombosis of the Superior Vena Cava Due to a Hickman Catheter: Successful Management by rt-PA Thrombolysis
Authors: Zaccone Giuseppe , Pafundi Paolo D. , Veneziani Augusto , Verbo Alessandro , Colli Rosa 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Venous thrombosis is a frequent complication of long-term venous access. Its management is well defined in most cases, but some specific clinical situations have not yet been definitively standardized. Thrombosis may occur at the catheter tip and involve the superior vena cava (SVC) and/or the right atrium (RA). In such cases, while the need for a rapid intervention to relieve the venous obstruction and avoid embolism is obvious, the best management is still to be established. Case description We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with symptomatic thrombosis of SVC and RA, associated with a Hickman catheter, which was successfully treated by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Conclusions According to the literature, thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA may be considered the treatment of choice in symptomatic thrombosis of SVC secondary to long-term catheter, uncertainty still exists about dosage, optimal rate of infusion, and optimal duration of treatment, as well as the criteria for choosing local versus systemic infusion.
Arquitetura da informação para uma economia da informação
Authors: Cartaxo Mac Amaral , Basílio Flávio Augusto Corrêa , Duque Claudio Gottschalg 
Published: August 2017

Introdução: A informação é entendida como a matéria-prima básica, da qual dependem os processos sejam para decisão ou aprendizado no âmbito organizacional. Deste modo a informação ao invés de constituir um pressuposto primário sobre a economia é, na verdade, mais do que isso, na medida em que ela é desejada como qualquer outro bem pelos agentes econômicos.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar indícios da natureza conceitual sobre a heterogeneidade de informação como um fenômeno importante que produz impactos significativos sobre o equilíbrio de mercado e sobre o bem-estar dos agentes econômicosMetodologia: A pesquisa caracteriza-se como revisão de literatura nos campos da Ciência da Informação, especificamente no que tange a Arquitetura da Informação, contrastando com a Economia visando estabelecer um paralelo a respeito da chamada economia da informação. Resultados: Os principais resultados indicam que possuir uma Arquitetura da Informação que viabilize a ostensividade da informação, possibilita o fácil acesso ao conhecimento buscado por quem demanda, seja em função de sua clareza, conectividade, conteúdo contextualizado ao nível de conhecimento dos usuários, permitindo às organizações maximizar a eficiência das decisões.Conclusão: No que diz respeito ao uso de uma Arquitetura da Informação no âmbito de uma economia da informação, percebe-se que os consumidores aumentam o nível de utilidade na medida em que a informação traduzida de forma barata, clara e acessível em conhecimento reduz o grau de dispersão e de volatilidade dos preços.
Biomassa arbórea e de sub-bosque e da serapilheira acumulada em povoamentos de <em>Eucalyptus urophylla</em> x <em>Eucalyptus grandis</em>
Authors: Salvador Simone Martini , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Stahl James , Santos Joel Carvalho 
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos quantificar a biomassa nos diferentes componentes das árvores, na serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo e no sub-bosque. Foi realizado com híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, aos 7 anos de idade, em dois solos distintos no município de Telêmaco Borba – PR. O solo A (Cambissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico latossólico) caracterizado por apresentar textura arenosa e o solo B (Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico) com textura argilosa. Delimitaram-se quatro parcelas, localizadas em cada solo, realizaram-se a medição de todos os diâmetros e escolha das árvores a serem abatidas. As árvores foram seccionadas ao nível do solo e fracionadas nos componentes: folhas, galhos, casca, madeira do tronco e raiz, coletaram-se uma amostra representativa de cada fração, bem como se realizaram a pesagem das mesmas, para determinação da biomassa. Para a análise da serapilheira acumulada foram coletadas 10 amostras em cada parcela com uma moldura de ferro de 30 cm x 30 cm. Toda a vegetação contida dentro da área útil de cada árvore abatida (7,5 m2) foi considerada como sub-bosque, onde se coletou toda a biomassa acima e abaixo do solo. A biomassa arbórea total do Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis para o solo A e B foi de 257,99 e 301,20 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. A serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo foi superior no solo B, equivalendo a 16,62% maior em relação ao solo A. Já, o sub-bosque apresentou biomassa total de 1,08 Mg ha-1para o solo A, sendo esta 47,22% superior ao solo B. Conclui-se que a biomassa arbórea total do solo B é superior a biomassa arbórea total do solo A, porém os componentes da biomassa arbórea e serapilheira acumulada no solo A apresentaram uma redução, quando comparados com os componentes do solo B, exceto os componentes raiz e sub bosque os quais apresentaram biomassa total maior no solo A.
The importance of grain size to mantle dynamics and seismological observations
Authors: Dannberg J. , Eilon Z. , Faul Ulrich , Gassmöller Rene , Moulik Pritwiraj , Myhill Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGrain size plays a key role in controlling the mechanical properties of the Earth's mantle, affecting both long‐time‐scale flow patterns and anelasticity on the time scales of seismic wave propagation. However, dynamic models of Earth's convecting mantle usually implement flow laws with constant grain size, stress‐independent viscosity, and a limited treatment of changes in mineral assemblage. We study grain size evolution, its interplay with stress and strain rate in the convecting mantle, and its influence on seismic velocities and attenuation. Our geodynamic models include the simultaneous and competing effects of dynamic recrystallization resulting from dislocation creep, grain growth in multiphase assemblages, and recrystallization at phase transitions. They show that grain size evolution drastically affects the dynamics of mantle convection and the rheology of the mantle, leading to lateral viscosity variations of 6 orders of magnitude due to grain size alone, and controlling the shape of upwellings and downwellings. Using laboratory‐derived scaling relationships, we convert model output to seismologically observable parameters (velocity and attenuation) facilitating comparison to Earth structure. Reproducing the fundamental features of the Earth's attenuation profile requires reduced activation volume and relaxed shear moduli in the lower mantle compared to the upper mantle, in agreement with geodynamic constraints. Faster lower mantle grain growth yields best fit to seismic observations, consistent with our reexamination of high‐pressure grain growth parameters. We also show that ignoring grain size in interpretations of seismic anomalies may underestimate the Earth's true temperature variations.
First‐principles prediction of Si‐doped Fe carbide as one of the possible constituents of Earth's inner core
Authors: Das Tilak , Chatterjee Swastika , Ghosh Sujoy , Saha‐Dasgupta Tanusri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe perform a computational study based on first‐principles calculations to investigate the relative stability and elastic properties of the doped and undoped Fe carbide compounds at 200–364 GPa. We find that upon doping a few weight percent of Si impurities at the carbon sites in Fe7C3 carbide phases, the values of Poisson's ratio and density increase while VP, and VS decrease compared to their undoped counterparts. This leads to marked improvement in the agreement of seismic parameters such as P wave and S wave velocity, Poisson's ratio, and density with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) data. The agreement with PREM data is found to be better for the orthorhombic phase of iron carbide (o‐Fe7C3) compared to hexagonal phase (h‐Fe7C3). Our theoretical analysis indicates that Fe carbide containing Si impurities can be a possible constituent of the Earth's inner core. Since the density of undoped Fe7C3 is low compared to that of inner core, as discussed in a recent theoretical study, our proposal of Si‐doped Fe7C3 can provide an alternative solution as an important component of the Earth's inner core.
New perspectives on volcano monitoring in a tropical environment: Continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)
Authors: Boudoire G. , Di Muro A. , Liuzzo M. , Ferrazzini V. , Peltier A. , Gurrieri S. , Michon L. , Giudice G. , Kowalski P. , Boissier P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDetecting renewal of volcanic activity is a challenging task and even more difficult in tropical settings. Continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux were carried out at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano during 2013–2016. Since this site is in the tropics, periods of heavy rainfall are in the norm. Measurements covered volcanic unrest after a hiatus of 3.5 years. We find that while temperature has the strongest effect, extreme rainfall causes short‐term noise. When corrected and filtered from the environmental influence, soil CO2 time series permit to detect a major deep magmatic event during March–April 2014, 3 months before the first eruption of the new activity phase. Correlation with geophysical data sets allows timing of further stages of upward fluid ascent. Our study validates soil CO2 flux monitoring in tropical environments as a valuable tool to monitor magma transfer and to enhance understanding of volcano unrest down to the lithospheric mantle.
Seismotectonics of the 2013 Lushan Mw 6.7 earthquake: Inversion tectonics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lu Renqi , Xu Xiwei , He Dengfa , John Suppe , Liu Bo , Wang Fuyun , Tan Xibin , Li Yingqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOn 20 April 2013, an unexpected Mw 6.7 earthquake occurred in Lushan County at the southern Longmen Shan, the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. A high‐resolution seismic reflection profile was combined with near‐surface geological data, earthquake relocation and geodetic measurements, and a recent deep artificial seismic reflection profile to identify the active fault and seismotectonics of this earthquake. Three‐dimensional imaging of the aftershocks was used to identify two planar faults that together form a y shape (f1 and f2). Seismic interpretations suggest that fault f1 did not break through the overlying Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks and is a typical blind fault. Geodetic measurements suggest that the coseismic deformation is consistent with the geometry and kinematics of shear fault‐bend folding. Deep seismic data indicate the syndepositional nature of fault f1 a preexisting normal fault older than the Triassic, which underwent positive inversion tectonics during the Late Cenozoic. A thrust fault f3 converges with f1 at a depth of approximately 12 km with an accumulated slip 3.6 km. This 2013 Lushan earthquake triggered by blind faults is a hidden earthquake. Blind and reactivated faults increase the potential risk and uncertainty related to earthquakes in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Toward an ice‐free Barents Sea
Authors: Onarheim Ingrid H. , Årthun Marius 
Published: August 2017

AbstractArctic winter sea ice loss is most pronounced in the Barents Sea. Here we combine observations since 1850 with climate model simulations to examine the recent record low winter Barents Sea ice extent. We find that the present observed winter Barents Sea ice extent has been reduced to less than one third of the pre‐satellite mean and is lower than the minimum sea ice extent in all multicentury climate model control simulations assessed here. The current observed sea ice loss is furthermore unprecedented in the observational record and appears as an uncommon trend in the long control simulations. In a warming climate, projections from the large ensemble simulation with the Community Earth System Model show a winter ice‐free Barents Sea for the first time within the time period 2061–2088. The large spread in projections of ice‐free conditions highlights the importance of internal variability in driving recent and future sea ice loss.
Modeling fracture propagation and seafloor gas release during seafloor warming‐induced hydrate dissociation
Authors: Stranne C. , O'Regan M. , Jakobsson M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe stability of marine methane hydrates and the potential release of methane gas to the ocean and atmosphere have received considerable attention in the past decade. Sophisticated hydraulic‐thermodynamic models are increasingly being applied to investigate the dynamics of bottom water warming, hydrate dissociation, and gas escape from the seafloor. However, these models often lack geomechanical coupling and neglect how overpressure development and fracture propagation affect the timing, rate, and magnitude of methane escape. In this study we integrate a geomechanical coupling into the widely used TOUGH + Hydrate model. It is shown that such coupling is crucial in sediments with permeability ≤10−16 m2, as fracture formation dramatically affects rates of dissociation and seafloor gas release. The geomechanical coupling also results in highly nonlinear seafloor gas release, which presents an additional mechanism for explaining the widely observed episodic nature of gas flares from seafloor sediments in a variety of tectonic and oceanographic settings.
First spaceborne phase altimetry over sea ice using TechDemoSat‐1 GNSS‐R signals
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Cardellach Estel , Fabra Fran , Rius Antonio , Ribó Serni , Martín‐Neira Manuel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA track of sea ice reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal collected by the TechDemoSat‐1 mission is processed to perform phase altimetry over sea ice. High‐precision carrier phase measurements are extracted from coherent GNSS reflections at a high angle of elevation (>57°). The altimetric results show good consistency with a mean sea surface (MSS) model, and the root‐mean‐square difference is 4.7 cm with an along‐track sampling distance of ∼140 m and a spatial resolution of ∼400 m. The difference observed between the altimetric results and the MSS shows good correlation with the colocated sea ice thickness data from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity. This is consistent with the reflecting surface aligned with the bottom of the ice‐water interface, due to the penetration of the GNSS signal into the sea ice. Therefore, these high‐precision altimetric results have potential to be used for determination of sea ice thickness.
Timing of subsurface heat magnitude for the growth of El Niño events
Authors: Ballester Joan , Petrova Desislava , Bordoni Simona , Cash Ben , Rodó Xavier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe subsurface heat buildup in the western tropical Pacific and the recharge phase in equatorial heat content are intrinsic elements of El Niño–Southern Oscillation, leading to changes in zonal wind stress, sea surface temperature, and thermocline tilt that characterize the growing and mature phases of El Niño (EN) events. Here we use numerical simulations to study the impact on subsequent EN episodes of a sudden increase or decrease in ocean heat content during the recharge phase and compare results with previous studies in which this perturbation is prescribed earlier during the tilting mode. We found that while not substantially affected by the phase at which a sudden rise in heat content is prescribed, the timing and magnitude of the events are very sensitive to the phase at which a major decrease is imposed. The different response to the phase of increases and decreases substantiates the importance of nonlinear subsurface ocean dynamics to the onset and growth of EN episodes and provides insight into the irreversibility of the events at different stages of the oscillation.
Photochemical determination of O densities in the Martian thermosphere: Effect of a revised rate coefficient
Authors: Fox Jane L. , Johnson Austin S. , Ard Shaun G. , Shuman Nicholas S. , Viggiano Albert A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate the production and loss rates of
in the photochemical equilibrium region of the Martian ionosphere near the subsolar point. We adopt neutral and ion densities measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatiles EvolutioN (MAVEN) Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS), electron densities and temperatures measured by the Langmuir Probe and Waves, and ion temperatures measured by the Supra‐Thermal and Thermal Ion Composition instruments on the MAVEN spacecraft. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, we find that loss of
by dissociative recombination is balanced mainly by production due to the reaction of O+ with CO2, with a smaller contribution due to the reaction of
with O. We find that the O densities derived from this calculation are larger than those measured by the NGIMS instrument by a factor that averages about 4 over the range of 130–155 km. This general conclusion is supported by a newly measured rate coefficient for the reaction of O with
, which is smaller by a factor of about 6 than the only value in the literature, which was measured 47 years ago.
Statistical study of low‐frequency magnetic field fluctuations near Venus during the solar cycle
Authors: Xiao S. D. , Zhang T. L. , Wang G. Q. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe statistically investigate the solar cycle dependence of the magnetic field fluctuations in the frequency range 30–300 MHz based on Venus Express data. We present the spatial distributions of fluctuation properties during three typical periods of the solar cycle, and a comparative study is also performed. With the increase of solar activity, the magnetic field is still quiet in the magnetotail region and the wave intensity becomes weaker in the magnetosheath. The transverse component of fluctuations becomes stronger in the magnetosheath region and weaker in the tail region. The proportion of circularly polarized components to incoherent noise of the fluctuations decreases in the magnetosheath region. The proportion of dominant parallel propagation fluctuations tends to be larger in the nightside magnetosheath, and more perpendicular propagation component is shown in the tail region.
Theoretical basis of the amplitude source location method for volcano‐seismic signals
Authors: Morioka Hanae , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Maeda Takuto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe source location method using high‐frequency seismic amplitudes based on the assumption of isotropic radiation of S waves has been used successfully to locate seismic events and tremor at volcanoes. This amplitude source location (ASL) method overcomes the limitations of traditional hypocenter determination methods that use onset arrival times and has great potential to improve volcano‐seismic monitoring and the investigation of source processes of volcano‐seismic signals. However, theoretical justification of the basic assumption used in the ASL method has not been provided in previous studies. In this study, we tested the ASL method by using seismic waveforms simulated with a finite difference method in realistic heterogeneous volcanic structures with intrinsic attenuation and topography. Our results showed that ASL determinations were successful when using waveforms characterized by multiple scattering that can be approximated by the diffusion model. We found that the energy solution of the diffusion model provided an amplitude‐distance relation that is similar to that used in the ASL method. Our results suggest that the ASL method is applicable to high‐frequency seismograms in highly heterogeneous media with transport mean free paths of 103 m or smaller and strong intrinsic attenuation. These medium parameters are consistent with those estimated at various volcanoes. Our study validates the basic assumption of the ASL method and justifies its use to locate the sources of high‐frequency seismic signals observed at volcanoes.
Magma storage beneath Grímsvötn volcano, Iceland, constrained by clinopyroxene‐melt thermobarometry and volatiles in melt inclusions and groundmass glass
Authors: Haddadi B. , Sigmarsson O. , Larsen G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBasalt eruptions at Grímsvötn volcano, Iceland, are generally of low intensity; however, occasionally, an order of magnitude larger eruptions occur. In order to discuss the reasons for this difference, the degassing budget of S and Cl and crystallization conditions of the eruptive magma were determined from volatile concentration measured in melt inclusion (MI) and groundmass glass and thermobarometry, respectively. Tephra of two of the largest historical eruptions (2011 and 1873) and two much smaller eruptions (2004 and 1823) were investigated. Sulfur and Cl concentrations are higher in groundmass glass of the smaller eruptions due to incomplete outgassing caused by melt quenching in contact with glacial water. Sulfur concentration and degassing budget correlate with erupted magma volumes. Higher volatile concentrations of MI from the larger eruptions reflect important recharge of gas‐rich magma from depth. The recharge causes a high‐magnitude eruption followed by increased eruption frequency over the following decades. Pressure and temperature estimates of crystallization are obtained through equilibrium clinopyroxene‐glass pairs, where crystals adjacent to, and in textural equilibrium with, both groundmass glass and that of MI were measured. An average crystallization pressure of 4 ± 1 kbar corresponding to approximately 15 ± 5 km depth was obtained together with a considerable temperature range, 1065–1175°C. Similar crystallization depths are obtained for the basalt of the 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga rifting event and to a low resistivity layer revealed by magnetotelluric surveys. Therefore, an important magma storage depth is inferred at lower crustal depth above the center of the Iceland mantle plume.
Alpha‐Designs
Authors: Williams Emlyn R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

In plant and tree breeding, field trials are conducted to compare varieties.
Randomized complete block
(RCB) designs can be used for such trials but usually do not adequately adjust variety means for the effects of environmental variation. It is preferable to subdivide the complete blocks (or replicates) into smaller groups of plots (incomplete blocks) so that environmental variation can be more effectively controlled, and hence, variety comparisons can be more precisely made. Experimental designs with this type of block structure are called resolvable
incomplete block designs
; α‐designs are a particular subclass that have a cyclical method of construction. The advantages of α‐designs are their ease of construction, availability for a wide range of practical parameter values, and near optimality.
A Review of Portfolio Choice Based on Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Post Thierry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTheoretical concepts together with estimation and optimization methods for portfolio choice based on stochastic dominance are reviewed. Distinction is drawn between the concepts of pairwise dominance, admissibility, optimality, efficiency, and spanning. Results of selected empirical studies and practical applications are discussed.JEL Classification:C61, D81, G11
Adversarial Risk Analysis
Authors: Insua David Ríos , Banks David , Ríos Jesus , González‐Ortega Jorge 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Adversarial risk analysis (ARA) is an emergent paradigm for supporting a decision‐maker who faces adversaries in problems in which the consequences are random and depend on the actions of all participating agents. We provide an introduction to ARA with a focus on problems in statistical decision theory.