bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Partial Structures of a Peat Humic and Fulvic Acid Using One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Hertkorn N. , Permin A. , Perminova I. , Kovalevskii D. , Yudov M. , Petrosyan V. , Kettrup A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) resonance integrals obtained from one‐dimensional NMR spectra provide semiquantitative contents of humic constituents with limited resolution in structural detail. When supplemented by connectivity information available from homo‐ and heteronuclear two‐dimensional NMR spectra a more reliable assignment of humic substructures becomes available. This is demonstrated with a comparative one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR analysis of a fulvic and a humic acid obtained from Eriophorum peat. An example of a detailed analysis of the proton chemical shift region normally attributed to carbohydrates shows substantial contributions from amino acids, amino and desoxy sugars, and highly oxidized aliphatic chains of intermediate length. The very good resolution of structural detail by a combined analysis of all NMR spectra shows that the effect of the fractionation procedure on the composition and chemical structure of humic materials is very significant. The comparison of the partial structures comprising humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) of the peat humic materials studied indicates that FA is diagenetically downstream of HA, favoring the biopolymer degradation (BD) model of humification.
Characterization of High‐Tannin Fractions from Humus by Carbon‐13 Cross‐Polarization and Magic‐Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Lorenz Klaus , Preston Caroline M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCondensed tannins can be found in various parts of many plants. Unlike lignin there has been little study of their fate as they enter the soil organic matter pool and their influence on nutrient cycling, especially through their protein‐binding properties. We extracted and characterized tannin‐rich fractions from humus collected in 1998 from a black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al.] forest in Canada where a previous study (1995) showed high levels (3.8% by weight) of condensed tannins. A reference tannin purified from black spruce needles was characterized by solution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a pure procyanidin with mainly cis stereochemistry and an average chain length of four to five units. The colorimetric proanthocyanidin (PA) assay, standardized against the black spruce tannin, showed that both extracted humus fractions had higher tannin contents than the original humus (2.84% and 11.17% vs. 0.08%), and accounted for 32% of humus tannin content. Consistent with the results from the chemical assay, the aqueous fraction showed higher tannin signals in the 13C cross‐polarization and magic‐angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectrum than the emulsified one. As both tannin‐rich humus fractions were depleted in N and high in structures derived from lignin and cutin, they did not have properties consistent with recalcitrant tannin–protein complexes proposed as a mechanism for N sequestration in humus. Further studies are needed to establish if tannin–protein structures in humus can be detected or isolated, or if tannins contribute to forest management problems observed in these ecosystems by binding to and slowing down the activity of soil enzymes.
Formation of Heteroaromatic Nitrogen after Prolonged Humification of Vascular Plant Remains as Revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Knicker H. , Hatcher P.G. , González‐Vila F.J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the search for the mechanisms involved in the immobilization of organic nitrogen in humified remains of vascular plants, the efforts of the present investigation were directed toward the examination of the transformation of nitrogenous compounds during the peat and coal stage by means of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. While accumulation of heteroaromatic‐N is not detected in most of the studied peat layers, a clear shoulder in the chemical shift region of pyrrole‐ or indole‐N is observed in the solid‐state 15N NMR spectrum of material from the deepest (and thus oldest) peat layer underlying the sapropel from Mangrove Lake, Bermuda (10000 years). This points to the assumption that transformation of nitrogen occurs between an advanced stage of peatification and an early stage of coalification. The observed sudden alteration in nitrogen functionality indicates that continuous accumulation of newly synthesized or selectively preserved biogenic structures is not responsible for the presence of heteroaromatic‐N in these fossilized deposits. It seems rather likely that abiotic conditions, occurring during advanced sediment maturation, have an effect on the observed N transformation. With increasing coalification, pyrrole‐type‐N becomes the dominant form in the macromolecular coal network. Pyridine‐type‐N was only detected in a coal of anthracite rank.
A Novel Technique for the Pre‐Concentration and Extraction of Inositol Hexakisphosphate from Soil Extracts with Determination by Phosphorus‐31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Turner Benjamin L. , McKelvie Ian D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTInositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is often the dominant form of soil organic phosphorus (P), but is rarely investigated because of the analytical difficulties encountered in its extraction, separation, and detection in environmental samples. In particular, recent advances in the study of soil organic P with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been of limited use for the study of IP6, because the technique does not discriminate between IP6 and other forms of P. This was addressed by developing a novel analytical procedure using the retentive properties of gel‐filtration gels for IP6, which allows the combined selective extraction and pre‐concentration of IP6 from soil extracts with determination by 31P NMR. While the technique is still in the developmental stage, the results demonstrate that the gel does not interfere with 31P NMR analysis and retains IP6 to concentrations well above those required to give clear spectral signals. The technique has considerable potential for application to the study of IP6 in soil extracts and water samples and, with development, could help to answer fundamental questions regarding the dynamics of organic P in the environment.
Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia Fluxes in a Soybean Field Irrigated with Swine Effluent
Authors: Sharpe R. R. , Harper L. A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the United States, swine (Sus scrofa) operations produce more than 14 Tg of manure each year. About 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before application to land. While land application of manure supplies nutrients for crop production, it may lead to gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Our objectives were to quantify gaseous fluxes of NH3 and N2O from effluent applications under field conditions. Three applications of swine effluent were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Brim’] and gaseous fluxes were determined from gas concentration profiles and the flux‐gradient gas transport technique. About 12% of ammonium (NH4–N) in the effluent was lost through drift or secondary volatilization of NH3 during irrigation. An additional 23% was volatilized within 48 h of application. Under conditions of low windspeed and with the wind blowing from the lagoon to the field, atmospheric concentrations of NH3 increased and the crop absorbed NH3 at the rate of 1.2 kg NH3 ha−1 d−1, which was 22 to 33% of the NH3 emitted from the lagoon during these periods. Nitrous oxide emissions were low before effluent applications (0.016 g N2O–N ha−1 d−1) and increased to 25 to 38 g N2O–N ha−1 d−1 after irrigation. Total N2O emissions during the measurement period were 4.1 kg N2O–N ha−1, which was about 1.5% of total N applied. The large losses of NH3 and N2O illustrate the difficulty of basing effluent irrigation schedules on N concentrations and that NH3 emissions can significantly contribute to N enrichment of the environment.
Molecular Weight of Dissolved Organic Matter–Napropamide Complex Transported through Soil Columns
Authors: Williams C. F. , Letey J. , Farmer W. J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSoil‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been shown to form stable complexes with the herbicide napropamide [2‐(α‐naphthoxy‐N,N‐diethylpropionamide] capable of enhancing the transport of napropamide through soil columns. Two soils, one containing sewage sludge–derived organic matter (SS) and the other having only natural organic matter (NoSS) were treated with napropamide and allowed to dry to promote complex formation. Soil columns were prepared by packing a 10‐cm layer of untreated, dry, sieved soil followed by an overlying 5‐cm layer of napropamide‐treated soil. Columns were irrigated and the effluent collected and placed in dialysis chambers. After equilibration napropamide concentrations were determined on both sides of the membrane and complex and quantified based on the amount of napropamide unable to cross the membrane. It was found that for the SS soil 7% and for the NoSS 2.4% of the applied napropamide underwent facilitated transport. In addition, most of the complex transported through the columns had a molecular weight between 500 and 1000 Daltons (Da). The solutions from the SS soil were also found to have formed at least two distinct complexes that were resolved after passing through the untreated soil layer. The results obtained were in agreement with other published results and the techniques used offer a way to separate and concentrate DOM complexes from column effluents for further characterization.
Fate and Efficacy of Polyacrylamide Applied in Furrow Irrigation
Authors: Lentz Rodrick D. , Sojka Robert E. , Mackey Bruce E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPolyacrylamide (PAM) is applied to 400000 irrigated hectares annually in the USA to control irrigation‐induced erosion, yet the fate of dissolved PAM applied in irrigation water is not well documented. We determined the fate of PAM added to furrow streams under two treatments: Initial‐10, 10 mg L−1 PAM product applied only during the initial hours of the irrigation, and Cont‐1, 1.0 mg L−1 PAM product applied continuously during the entire irrigation. The study measured PAM concentrations in 167‐m‐long PAM‐treated furrow streams and along a 530‐m tail ditch that received this runoff. Soil was Portneuf silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) with 1.5% slope. Samples were taken at three times during the irrigations, both during and after PAM application. Polyacrylamide was adsorbed to soil and removed from solution as the streams traversed the soil‐lined channels. The removal rate increased with stream sediment concentration. Stream sediment concentrations were higher when PAM concentrations were <2 mg L−1 a.i., for early irrigations, and when untreated tributary flows combined with the stream. In these cases, PAM concentration decreased to undetectable levels over the flow lengths used in this study. When inflows contained >6 mg L−1 PAM a.i., stream sediment concentrations were minimal and PAM concentrations did not change down the furrow, though they decreased to undetectable levels within 0.5 h after application ceased. One percent of applied PAM was lost in tail‐ditch runoff. This loss could have been eliminated by treating only the furrow advance or not treating the last two irrigations.
Pollinic characterization of Raulinoa echinata R. S. Cowan (Rutaceae), Dyckia brevifolia Baker and Dyckia ibiramensis Reitz (Bromeliaceae), reophyte and saxicolous endemic species of river Itajaí-Açu, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Mouga Denise Monique Dubet da Silva , Possamai Bruna Tereza , Dec Enderlei , Da Silva Sílvio Murilo Cristóvão 
Published: October 2017

Aiming to contribute with elements about the reproduction of the reophytes Raulinoa echinata, Dyckia brevifolia and Dyckia ibiramensis as well as to support their taxonomic definition, their pollinic characterization was carried out. Fresh pollen grains were prepared by acetolysis. Observations occurred on a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Measures were done of the polar (P) and equatorial diameters (E) and thickness of the exine and are expressed as means in micrometers. R. echinata: monad; radial symmetry; medium size; P=49,07±3,33; E=33,95±3,94; prolate (ratio P / E); ambitus subtriangular; 3-aperturated with long colpi and lalongate endoapertures; exine striated with thickness 1.54 ± 0,32. Dyckia brevifolia: monad; bilateral symmetry; medium size; P=25,16 ± 3,02; E=43,16±3,50 x 28,12±3,26; ambitus elliptical; monoaperturated with one long sulcus; exine reticulate with thickness 1,66 ± 0,31. D. ibiramensis: monad; bilateral symmetry; medium size; P=29,54±3,17; E=42,36±3,60 x 28,43±3,38; ambitus elliptical; monoaperturated with one long sulcus; exine reticulate with thickness 1,73 ± 0,28. Data obtained can allow to verify hydrophily for the three species as well as suggest Raulinoa proximity with Metrodorea and Esenbeckia (both Pilocarpinae) and confirm D. brevifolia e D. ibiramensis to Pitcairnioideae.
Association of the profile of individuals with cleft lip/palate with the beginning of orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment
Authors: Moreira Madiana Magalhães , Rebouças Pedro Diniz , Chagas Maria Lúcia Bonfim , Félix Luan Cartaxo , Mota Mário Rogério 
Published: October 2017

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most frequent congenital malformation among the anomalies of the head and neck. The orthopedic/orthodontic treatment is included in the rehabilitation of these individuals, however there is no consensus in the literature regarding the ideal time for its beginning. Objective: To verify and characterize the profile of individuals with CLP treated at a reference hospital of the northeast of Brazil from 1998 to 2013 and its association with the beginning of the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: Through direct observation of medical records, panoramic radiograph, and studycasts of 323 individuals, data regarding sex, cleft type, origin and age of beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment were surveyed and analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a 5% level of significance. Results: Most of the individuals had transforamen and the unilateral cleft was the most prevalent (p<0.05). Females were statistically more affected by post-foramen cleftand males by trans-foramen cleft (p<0.05). Most individuals with trans-foramen cleft and post-foramen cleft started the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment between 8 and 12 years old (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences occurred relating the beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment with geographic origin and sex of, although most of them have started treatment at late mixed dentition. Conclusion: Regardless of gender, origin, or cleft type, most patients started orthopedic treatment up to 12 years-old, an age considered ideal by most protocols. Unilateral and trans-foramen cleft were the most prevalent cleft types. post-foramen cleft affected more females, while trans-foramen cleft affected more males.
High mandibular ramus fracture – endoscopy treatment: a case report in adult Fernanda
Authors: Tiboni Fernanda , Scariot Rafaela , Gebert Andrea Oliveira , Signorini Luciana 
Published: October 2017

Fractures of the mandibular condylar region are very common, but treatment is controversial; the same fracture can be treatment by either conservative treatment or surgery. When surgery is chosen, the search for the best surgical access also has many doubts. The options for open surgical accesses are: pre-auricular, submandibular, and retromandibular. For intraoral access (similarto sagittal osteotomy of the ramus), the aid of endoscopy, an image equipment, enables the perpendicular visualization of the fracture. Case report: In this clinical case, the authors describe a high mandibular ramus fracture in which the intraoral approach was used associated with endoscopy for the reduction and fixation ofthe fracture. Conclusion: Success of the radiographic and clinical outcome could be observed by the anatomical reduction of the fracutre and the solution of the patient’s requests.
Tooth alveolus repositioning of impacted canine – case report
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Hugo Candido , Strujak Guilherme , Carlini João Luiz 
Published: October 2017

Impacted teeth with complete root formation in adult patients is challenging for both the surgeon and orthodontist. Described for more than 40 years and still rarely used, the technique of tooth alveolus repositioning has excellent treatment results in these cases. Objective: To report the case of a impacted canine in an adult patient, not responsive to standard surgical orthodontic traction, managed through the technique of tooth alveolus repositioning. Case report: Male patient, 28 years old, with presence of tooth #23 impacted and with no success to standard surgical orthodontic traction. To return the tooth in position and function the treatment performed was repositioning the alveolar block. After two years of follow-up the tooth stays in the ideal position, without root resorption and with pulp vitality. Conclusion: The tooth alveolus repositioning proved to be a good treatment option, restoring function and esthetics and reaching the expectations of both the patient and professionals.
Dispositivos de governo e de controle e o contradispositivo da profanação em Giorgio Agamben [Government and control apparatus and the counter-device of profanation in Giorgio Agamben]
Authors: Diógenes Francisco Bruno Pereira 
Published: October 2017

Este artigo pretende tratar da noção de dispositivo na obra de Giorgio Agamben, tendo como norte o ensaio O que é um dispositivo? (2006). O autor se propõe a desenvolver a noção em questão transportando-a para o seu campo de investigação que nomeia “genealogia teológica do governo e da economia”, melhor desenvolvido em O Reino e a Glória (2007). Os dispositivos de poder e de governo, dentre eles o da oikonomia, fundamentam a práxis política no Ocidente. No ensaio Elogio da profanação (2005) o autor se propõe a pensar uma possível desarticulação dos dispositivos, permitindo a abertura da perspectiva de uma nova política, igualmente necessária frente à realidade da máquina religioso-capitalista global.
Uma breve introdução à obra centoventi articoli sulla natura e sull’universo contro i peripatetici de Giordano Bruno [An abbreviated introduction to the work centoventi articoli sulla natura and sull'universo contro i peripatetici of Giordano Bruno]
Authors: Lopes Ideusa Celestino 
Published: October 2017

Esta pesquisa pretende apresentar a estrutura da obra Centoventi articoli sulla natura e sull’universo contro i peripatetici publicada em 1586 por Giordano Bruno. A obra tem como objetivo fazer análise de duas obras aristotélica: Física e Do Céu. Nesses textos Bruno identifica a presença de conceitos que sustentam a base teórica sobre a qual está fundamentada a descrição do universo como sendo geocêntrico e finito. Ao analisar as duas obras aristotélicas Bruno pretende confrontar o geocentrismo e apresentar a defesa da sua tese heliocêntrica, que descreve o universo como sendo infinito e povoado de inumeráveis mundos.
Clinical, laboratory, and hemostatic findings in cats with naturally occurring sepsis
Authors: Klainbart Sigal , Agi Limor , Bdolah-Abram Tali , Kelmer Efrat , Aroch Itamar 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical and laboratory findings in cats with naturally occurring sepsis, emphasizing hemostasis-related findings, and evaluate these variables for associations with patient outcomes.
DESIGN Prospective, observational, clinical study.
ANIMALS 31 cats with sepsis and 33 healthy control cats.
PROCEDURES Data collected included history; clinical signs; results of hematologic, serum biochemical, and hemostatic tests; diagnosis; and outcome (survival vs death during hospitalization or ≤ 30 days after hospital discharge). Differences between cats with and without sepsis and associations between variables of interest and death were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS The sepsis group included cats with pyothorax (n = 10), septic peritonitis (7), panleukopenia virus infection (5), bite wounds (5), abscesses and diffuse cellulitis (3), and pyometra (1). Common clinical abnormalities included dehydration (21 cats), lethargy (21), anorexia (18), pale mucous membranes (15), and dullness (15). Numerous clinicopathologic abnormalities were identified in cats with sepsis; novel findings included metarubricytosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and high circulating muscle enzyme activities. Median activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher, and total protein C and antithrombin activities were significantly lower, in the sepsis group than in healthy control cats. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was uncommon (4/22 [18%] cats with sepsis). None of the clinicopathologic abnormalities were significantly associated with death on multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cats with sepsis had multiple hematologic, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities on hospital admission, including several findings suggestive of hemostatic derangement. Additional research including larger numbers of cats is needed to further investigate these findings and explore associations with outcome.
Outcome of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy in dogs with von Willebrand disease or factor VII deficiency: 20 cases (2012–2014)
Authors: Keeshen Thomas P. , Case J. Brad , Runge Jeffrey J. , Singh Ameet , Mayhew Philipp D. , Steffey Michele A. , Culp William T. N. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe surgical techniques and perioperative management of dogs with von Willebrand disease (VWD) or factor VII (FVII) deficiency undergoing laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy and evaluate outcomes.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 20 client-owned dogs with VWD (n = 16) or FVII deficiency (4).
PROCEDURES Dogs with VWD or FVII deficiency that underwent laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy between 2012 and 2014 were retrospectively identified via a multi-institutional review of medical records.
RESULTS Median expression of von Willebrand factor was 19% (interquartile range, 18% to 30%). All 16 dogs with VWD were Doberman Pinschers, and all were pretreated with desmopressin; 4 also received cryoprecipitate. One of 4 dogs with FVII deficiency received plasma preoperatively, and 1 was treated with desmopressin; 2 dogs received no preoperative treatment. Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in 9 dogs with VWD and 2 dogs with FVII deficiency, laparoscopic ovariectomy with gastropexy was performed in 6 dogs with VWD and 1 dog with FVII deficiency, and laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy was performed in 1 dog with VWD and 1 dog with FVII deficiency. Iatrogenic splenic laceration requiring conversion to laparotomy occurred during trocar insertion in 1 dog with VWD. No postoperative complications, including signs of hemorrhage, were reported for any dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy in dogs with VWD or FVII deficiency pretreated with desmopressin, cryoprecipitate, or plasma transfusions were not associated with clinical signs of hemorrhage, suggesting that minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy may be considered in female dogs affected with these coagulopathies.