bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with oligometastases from colorectal cancer: risk-adapted dose prescription with a maximum dose of 83–100 Gy in five fractions
Authors: Takeda Atsuya , Sanuki Naoko , Tsurugai Yuichiro , Oku Yohei , Aoki Yousuke 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We previously reported that the local control of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with moderate prescription dose was relatively worse. We investigated the treatment outcomes and toxicities of patients with oligometastases from CRC treated by SBRT using risk-adapted, very high- and convergent-dose regimens. Among patients referred for SBRT from August 2011 to January 2015, those patients were extracted who had liver or pulmonary metastases from CRC, and they were treated with a total dose of 50–60 Gy in five fractions prescribed to the 60% isodose line of the maximum dose covering the surface of the planning target volume. Concurrent administration of chemotherapy was not admitted during SBRT, while neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed. A total of 21 patients (12 liver, 9 lung) with 28 oligometastases were evaluated. The median follow-up duration was 27.5 months (range: 6.5–43.3 months). Four patients were treated with SBRT as a series of initial treatments, and 17 patients were treated after recurrent oligometastases. The local control rates at 1 and 2 years from the start of SBRT were 100%. The disease-free and actuarial overall survival rates were 62% and 55%, and 79% and 79%, respectively. No severe toxicities (≥grade 3) occurred during follow-up. The outcomes following high-dose SBRT were excellent. This treatment can provide an alternative to the surgical resection of oligometastases from CRC. Prospective studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of SBRT.
Proteome and Protein Network Analyses of Memory T Cells Find Altered Translation and Cell Stress Signaling in Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients Exhibiting Poor CD4 Recovery
Authors: Azzam Sausan , Schlatzer Daniela , Maxwell Sean , Li Xiaolin , Bazdar Douglas , Chen Yanwen , Asaad Robert , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Chance Mark R. , Sieg Scott F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground.  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients who experience poor CD4 T-cell recovery despite viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy (ART) are known as immunological nonresponders. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying incomplete immune restoration during ART is not fully understood.Methods.  Label-free quantitative proteomics on single-cell type central memory T cells were used to reveal relative protein abundance changes between nonresponder, responder (good CD4 recovery during ART), and healthy individuals. Proteome changes were analyzed by protein pathway and network analyses and verified by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.Results.  Proteomic analysis across groups detected 155 significant proteins from 1500 nonredundant proteins. Pathway and network analyses revealed dysregulation in mammalian target of rapamycin and protein translation-related proteins and decreases in stress response-related proteins for nonresponder subjects compared with responders and controls. Actin cytoskeleton signaling was increased for HIV responders and nonresponders alike.Conclusions.  Memory T cells from immunologic nonresponders have increases in proteins related to motility and protein translation and decreases in proteins capable of responding to cellular stresses compared with responders and controls. The potential for T cells to manage stress and modulate metabolism may contribute to their capacity to reconstitute a lymphopenic host.
H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law
Authors: Kramer Matthew H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
H. L. A. Hartʼs The Concept of Law is, of course, primarily a work of legal philosophy. It is indeed the most influential work of legal philosophy in the English language (and perhaps in any language) published during the twentieth century. However, the immense importance of the book for philosophers of law should not prevent readers from discerning its importance for political and moral philosophers as well. Hartʼs insights into the nature of law and sovereignty are themselves of great significance for political philosophy, and the second half of The Concept of Law contains ruminations on justice and on the relationships between law and morality that deserve attention from anyone who aspires to think clearly about the problems of political philosophy.
Dynamic Capability as a Theory of Competitive Advantage
Authors: Denrell Jerker , Powell Thomas C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dynamic capability is a theory of competitive advantage in rapidly changing environments. We reconcile this explanation with previous theories of competitive advantage, showing how it informs and complements explanations based on market positions, firm resources, and Schumpeterian creative destruction. We examine the scope conditions of dynamic capability; that is, when the theory has more and less explanatory power. We find that dynamic capability has greatest explanatory power when a partially foreseeable technological change is on the verge of transforming market competition; and less explanatory power when dynamic capabilities are not undervalued or scarce; when change is unforeseeable; when change is easily foreseeable; when the effect size of new capabilities is small; in industries subject to repeated technological shifts; and in markets that reward short bursts of extraordinary performance over long-term persistence. We discuss these scope conditions and show how dynamic capability combines with prior theories to explain competitive advantage in different industry contexts.
Differential gene expression in seasonal sympatry: mechanisms involved in diverging life histories
Authors: Fudickar Adam M. , Peterson Mark P. , Greives Timothy J. , Atwell Jonathan W. , Bridge Eli S. , Ketterson Ellen D. 
Published: March 2016

In an era of climate change, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying flexibility in phenology and life history has gained greater importance. These mechanisms can be elucidated by comparing closely related populations that differ in key behavioural and physiological traits such as migration and timing of reproduction. We compared gene expression in two recently diverged dark-eyed Junco (
Junco hyemalis
) subspecies that live in seasonal sympatry during winter and early spring, but that differ in behaviour and physiology, despite exposure to identical environmental cues. We identified 547 genes differentially expressed in blood and pectoral muscle. Genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism were highly expressed in migrant juncos, while genes involved in reproductive processes were highly expressed in resident breeders. Seasonal differences in gene expression in closely related populations residing in the same environment provide significant insights into mechanisms underlying variation in phenology and life history, and have potential implications for the role of seasonal timing differences in gene flow and reproductive isolation.
The causal meaning of Hamilton’s rule
Authors: Okasha Samir , Martens Johannes 
Published: March 2016

Hamilton’s original derivation of his rule for the spread of an altruistic gene (
rb
>
c
) assumed additivity of costs and benefits. Recently, it has been argued that an exact version of the rule holds under non-additive pay-offs, so long as the cost and benefit terms are suitably defined, as partial regression coefficients. However, critics have questioned both the biological significance and the causal meaning of the resulting rule. This paper examines the causal meaning of the generalized Hamilton’s rule in a simple model, by computing the effect of a hypothetical experiment to assess the cost of a social action and comparing it to the partial regression definition. The two do not agree. A possible way of salvaging the causal meaning of Hamilton’s rule is explored, by appeal to R. A. Fisher’s ‘average effect of a gene substitution’.
LoLoPicker: Detecting Low Allelic-Fraction Variants in Low-Quality Cancer Samples
Authors: Carrot-Zhang Jian , Majewski Jacek 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSummaryWe developed an efficient tool dedicated to call somatic variants from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data using tumor and its matched normal tissue, plus a user-defined control panel of non-cancer samples. Compared with other methods, we showed superior performance of LoLoPicker with significantly improved specificity. The algorithm of LoLoPicker is particularly useful for calling variants from low-quality cancer samples such as formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded (FFPE) samples.Implementation and AvailabilityThe main scripts are implemented in Python 2.7.8 and the package is released athttps://github.com/jcarrotzhang/LoLoPicker.
Prediction of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites through an integrative model of protein context and sequence
Authors: Patrick Ralph , Horin Coralie , Kobe Bostjan , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , Bodén Mikael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe identification of kinase substrates and the specific phosphorylation sites they regulate is an important factor in understanding protein function regulation and signalling pathways. Computational prediction of kinase targets – assigning kinases to putative substrates, and selecting from protein sequence the sites that kinases can phosphorylate – requires the consideration of both the cellular context that kinases operate in, as well as their binding affinity. This consideration enables investigation of how phosphorylation influences a range of biological processes.We report here a novel probabilistic model for the classification of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites from sequence across three model organisms: human, mouse and yeast. The model incorporates position-specific amino acid frequencies, and counts of co-occurring amino acids from kinase binding sites in a kinase‐ and family-specific manner. We show how this model can be seamlessly integrated with protein interactions and cell-cycle abundance profiles. When evaluating the prediction accuracy of our method, PhosphoPICK, on an independent hold-out set of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites, we found it achieved an average specificity of 97% while correctly predicting 32% of true positives. We also compared PhosphoPICK’s ability, through cross-validation, to predict kinase-specific phosphorylation sites with alternative methods, and found that at high levels of specificity PhosphoPICK outperforms alternative methods for most comparisons made.We investigated the relationship between experimentally confirmed phosphorylation sites and predicted nuclear localisation signals by predicting the most likely kinases to be regulating the phosphorylated residues immediately upstream or downstream from the localisation signal. We show that kinases PKA, Akt1 and AurB have an over-representation of predicted binding sites at particular positions downstream from predicted nuclear localisation signals, demonstrating an important role for these kinases in regulating the nuclear import of proteins.PhosphoPICK is freely available online as a web-service athttp://bioinf.scmb.uq.edu.au/phosphopick.
Sustainable Lean in psychiatry? Assessment through socio-technical principles
Authors: Lindskog Pernilla , Vänje Annika , Törnkvist Åsa , Eklund Jörgen 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify conditions affecting sustainability of Lean implementations in Swedish psychiatric healthcare, from a socio-technical perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– Longitudinal focus group interviews were conducted with 24 first-line managers within Swedish psychiatric healthcare. The analysis was made using Cherns’ ten socio-technical principles and a framework for sustainable development work in healthcare.

Findings
– The most critical socio-technical principles for a sustainable Lean implementation were boundary location; power and authority; and compatibility. At hospital level, socio-technical principles were inhibited by the weak ownership of the Lean implementation. However, strong ownership at division level meant the same principles were supported. Unclear goals made follow-ups difficult which had negative effects on the learning processes in the Lean implementation. The role and responsibility of first-line managers were unclear in that they perceived they lacked power and authority resulting in negative effects on the participation – an important sustainability concept.

Originality/value
– Empirically based papers assessing Lean implementations in psychiatry are rare. This study is a contribution to the research area of sustainable Lean implementations in healthcare. The practical implication of this study is that decision makers, senior managers, first-line managers and psychiatrists can be supported in reaching sustainable implementations of Lean.
Towards developing a model to assess the experience of visitors of the Janadriyah festival, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdelazim Tarek Sayed , Alajloni Abdallah Ali 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the experience of visitors with the Janadriyah festival.Design/methodology/approach– An on-site intercept survey was conducted among a random sample of visitors of the festival. The survey was conducted by two field researchers between February 10 and February 25, 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed only to those who agreed to respond to the survey. Out of 200 questionnaires distributed, 28 were incomplete and thus eliminated from the study. As a result, 172 questionnaires were accepted for the purpose of final analysis, representing a response rate of 86 percent.Findings– There is a statistically significant contribution for both the first motivation (I participate in the Janadriyah festival to increase my cultural knowledge) and the fifth one (I participate in the Janadriyah festival to see new and different things and to enjoy a unique atmosphere). There is a statistically significant relationship between the most of services provided and the level of satisfaction. As well as, there is a statistically significant relationship between the perception and the level of satisfaction, also with the word of mouth communication. Finally, the results shown that behavioral intention had a positive influence on word of mouth communication.Research limitations/implications– There were time limits to this study as the research was conducted during the organization of the Janadriyah festival during its 26th session (February-March 2014).The research was also limited by place as it was conducted at the capital of Saudi Arabia, Janadriyah province.Practical implications– The model of the study could be applied in similar studies for different festivals all over the world.Social implications– Increasing the promotional efforts to attract more visitors from different regions in the world. As it is observed that the vast majority of participants in the Janadriyah festival are local residents. In addition, there is a need to organize training programs to all staff participating in the organization of the festival supervised by academics and professionals. Organizing seminars during the festival in order to increase the awareness of local residents with importance of the cultural heritage and how to keep it. And at the end, the program of the festival has to be updated from one session to another in order to attract more attendees.Originality/value– The integrated model of the study represent an added value to the research in the field of tourism festivals.
Old walls, modern city: research on urban memory of disappearing ancient Beijing city walls
Authors: Wang Fang , Peng Yaoyao , Wang Hsiao Chieh , Yin Fan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Ancient city walls are typical linear space elements of Beijing that represent the transformation of urban form over the past 800 years and have greatly influenced the memory of the entire city. However, recently, most of the walls have been torn down in the process of fast urbanization and old city renewal. The purpose of this paper is to focus on people’s cognition and evaluation of urban memory during this pull-down-and-preserve process.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 380 participants was investigated on a number of issues using questionnaires, including memory case reminders (stability, variability, temporality), emotional bonding with memory case (identity, dependence, authenticity), and socio-demographic variables (age, education, life experience, length of residence). The urban memory cognition model and attitude evaluation value model which were based on Likert scale were used to process the collected data.

Findings
– In the three aspects of memory case reminders, stability and temporary elements can be most cognized, whereas variability elements are more difficult due to their change over time. As for emotional bonding with memory case, people show a high level of identification with the walls; the walls’ memory being passed down could enhance people’s memory when mentioning Beijing. Further, higher education groups consider the walls’ authenticity to be most important and are unwilling to accept the outcome of walls-ruins parks; older adults have tolerant attitudes to the ruins parks.

Originality/value
– This study could not only contribute to the excavation of urban memory, but also strengthen citizens’ sense of identity and cohesiveness, thus shaping the spirit and culture of the city. Some findings could provide applicable guidelines for urban heritage protection and contribute a new perspective on the interrelationship between people and their physical surroundings.
The motivation for transformational leadership scale
Authors: Gilbert Stephanie , Horsman Patrick , Kelloway E. Kevin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the question of what motivates leaders to engage in effective leadership behaviours by integrating transformational leadership theory and self-determination theory. The authors propose that the type of enacted leadership behaviour is related to level of self-determined motivation.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study presents validity evidence for an 18-item scale of motivation for transformational leadership based on Gagné and Deci’s (2005) six levels of internalization. A total of 310 employees (mean age=39, 64.5 per cent female, 46 per cent formal leaders) completed the scale, other measures of leadership, and job satisfaction.

Findings
– Results supported the theorized six-factor structure of the scale and provided evidence for incremental validity in the prediction of job satisfaction and transformational leadership above and beyond another measure of motivation to lead.

Research limitations/implications
– The lack of amotivation and the presence of autonomously controlled extrinsic motivation are predictive of effective leadership behaviour, a key finding with implications for leadership selection. The study was limited by the use of self-report data. Future studies should examine additional predictors and outcomes of the construct (e.g. subordinate attitudes or performance and leader personality), and whether it is stable over time.

Originality/value
– Leaders’ motivation for role effectiveness is an unexplored area of research. This study suggests that type of motivation can be important for effective leadership and provides a validated scale for use in future leadership research and selection.
The effects of authentic leadership and organizational commitment on turnover intention
Authors: Ausar Kweisi , Kang Hee Jung Annette , Kim Jungsun Sunny 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore whether authentic leadership in hospitality is composed of four distinctive but related substantive components (i.e. self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral); the impact of authentic leadership on employees’ organizational commitment (OC); the impact of employees’ OC on their turnover intention (TI); and the indirect effect of authentic leadership on employees’ TI via OC.Design/methodology/approach– The authors tested a sample of 236 students working as employees in hospitality in the USA, on the idea that authentic leadership increases OC which in turn decreases TI. The participants were asked to rate the manager’s leadership style and the frequency of their leadership behavior.Findings– Results of structural equation modeling provide support for the positive effect of authentic leadership on OC in the hospitality industry, and suggest that OC mediates reduced TI.Practical implications– The findings in the present study are extremely useful to managers, human resource managers, and organizations as a whole. Practitioners looking to increase employee OC and decrease TI can do so by augmenting the authentic leadership qualities of managers.Originality/value– The results of this study suggests a variety of significant theoretical contributions as well as critical leadership and organizational implications. The effects of authentic leadership were empirically tested on employees’ OC and the effects of that OC on TI.
Diversity as an aspect of effective leadership: integrating and moving forward
Authors: Gotsis George , Grimani Katerina 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to elaborate an integrative framework that positions diversity considerations in a continuum of various leadership theories. The authors thus seek to differentiate between distinct leadership styles and assess their potential in fostering inclusive leader behaviors.Design/methodology/approach– The authors proceed to a brief review of the extant literature on diversity leadership by distinguishing between diverse followers and diverse leaders on one hand, and leadership styles in diverse and heterogeneous teams, on the other. The authors then provide a rationale for leadership theories that are more likely to support leader inclusiveness and foster inclusive leader and follower behaviors.Findings– Four distinct theoretical frameworks capturing the importance of emerging leadership theories (ethical, authentic. servant and spiritual leadership) for informing caring and inclusive climates, are introduced. The authors thus seek to delineate leadership styles effectively entrenched in organizational environments valuing, affirming and supporting diversity, which can better fit to inclusiveness goals.Practical implications– In view of designing and implementing inclusive initiatives, organizations should consider the specific context in which diverse leaders operate and through which diverse followers interact with diverse leaders. In so doing, corporations should encourage leadership styles that effectively combine goal attainment with an unconditional affirmation of the intrinsic value of diversity.Originality/value– The paper offers certain insights into the particular conditions that may help organizational leaders implement inclusion strategies facilitating thriving and fulfillment of diverse employees. In this respect, the authors elaborate on distinct leadership frameworks that are more pertinent to, and commensurate with inclusiveness objectives.