bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, Configuration and Assessment of Regeneration Supply Chains
Authors: Lucht Torben , Heuer Tammo , Kuprat Thorben , Eickemeyer Steffen C. , Nyhuis Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the conventional manufacturing industry, the regeneration of complex capital goods is subject to additional information uncertainty and disturbances throughout the order processing phase. To achieve a high logistics performance despite these constraints, supply chain configurations and appropriate tools are required to address the resulting challenges. Along a roadmap, this report presents measures and tools that support the reduction of information uncertainty, the description of effects of uncertainty within regeneration planning and control and in regeneration logistics as well as a superordinate assessment and configuration of regeneration supply chains. For forecasting a Bayesian Network based approach is presented. The planning quality that is achieved based on these forecasts is assessed using a descriptive model based on the classic milestone trend analysis. To support logistics oriented regeneration supply chain assessment and configuration an extensive simulation model as well as a model for pool stock dimensioning is presented. These tools and models represent the results of the subproject D1 of the CRC871 that had the overall goal to empower regeneration service providers to establish robust regeneration supply chains.
Backgrounds and Key Characteristics of Japanese Public Administration
Authors: Agata Koichiro , Inatsugu Hiroaki , Shiroyama Hideaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe framework of the modern Japanese administrative system was formed by two major reforms after the 250-year reign of the Edo Shogunate from the early seventeenth century: the Meiji Restoration and the postwar reforms following World War II. This section first looks at these two reforms.
Public Finance
Authors: Mabuchi Masaru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, I will discuss public finance and particularly the general account budget of the country.First, I will examine the positioning of budgets in Japan by way of comparing it with other laws. Budgets have points in common with and points of difference from laws. The former includes the fact that neither a budget nor a law can be enacted unless the Diet, as the highest organ of state power, adopts a resolution (Article 86 of the Constitution).On the other hand, there are several points of difference between budgets and laws. First, a draft budget must first be submitted to the House of Representatives (Article 60 of the Constitution). This is known as the House of Representatives’ priority in budgetary discussions. In draft budget deliberations, once the House of Representatives adopts a resolution, the budget will be automatically enacted thirty days later even if the House of Councilors has not yet completed its deliberations.Second, it is required that the budget for the following FY be enacted by the end of the current FY and implemented from the beginning of the new FY. If a budget is not enacted before the start of the new FY, a stopgap budget will be submitted to prevent government activities from shutting down. However, since a stopgap budget can only cover minimally necessary administrative expenses, administrative delays will be caused, which means that a government should try to pass a main budget as much as possible.Third, the Cabinet alone, and not the Diet, has the right to propose a draft budget, unlike bills.
Politics and Administration in Japan
Authors: Izumo Akiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the relationship between ‘politics’ and ‘administration’ in Japan from the perspective of two relationships: (1) the executive system and the policy process, and (2) the executive and civil service systems. From the first perspective, this chapter underlines the strengthened role of political parties in the policy process as opposed to traditional bureaucratic leadership. Bureaucrats and politicians competing and cooperating in the policy process have been highlighted in the literature as a characteristic of Japanese politics. Since the 2000s, the influence of the Prime Minister’s Office has increased with the strengthening of its leadership over the ruling party and bureaucracy and has led policy. Regarding the relationship between the executive and civil service systems, political appointments were institutionally limited. However, in collaborative political-bureaucratic relations, senior bureaucrats have coordinated the policy process with politicians. The new procedure for appointing senior bureaucrats established in 2014 increased the tendency to emphasise the political responsiveness of the bureaucrats. Finally, the relationship between politics and the administration of local governments is explained through the network of human resource exchange in intergovernmental relations and the choice of local leaders.
Timelike Kasner singularities and Floquet states in 2+1d AdS/CFT
Authors: Albrychiewicz Emil , Ganor Ori J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider a model of a holographic 2+1d CFT interacting with an oscillating background gauge field. It is solved by an AdS-Vaidya metric describing Ohmic heating of the boundary field theory. However, we also show that if timelike singularities of Kasner type are permitted then a time independent solution that may be interpreted as a Floquet state of the system can be constructed. In this state the system exhibits either Hall conductivity or kinetic induction, and we numerically evaluate the Kasner exponents for a range of boundary conditions. This model may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the validity and meaning of the Kasner metric in the AdS/CFT correspondence and its application in cosmology.
High sugar diet promotes tumor progression paradoxically through aberrant upregulation of pepck1
Authors: Chang Che-Wei , Chin Yu-Hshun , Liu Meng-Syuan , Shen Yu-Chia , Yan Shian-Jang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh dietary sugar (HDS), a contemporary dietary concern due to excessive intake of added sugars and carbohydrates, escalates the risk of metabolic disorders and concomitant cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HDS-induced cancer progression are not completely understood. We found that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1), a pivotal enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is paradoxically upregulated in tumors by HDS, but not by normal dietary sugar (NDS), during tumor progression. Targeted knockdown of pepck1, but not pepck2, specifically in tumor tissue in Drosophila in vivo, not only attenuates HDS-induced tumor growth but also significantly improves the survival of Ras/Src tumor-bearing animals fed HDS. Interestingly, HP1a-mediated heterochromatin interacts directly with the pepck1 gene and downregulates pepck1 gene expression in wild-type Drosophila. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that, under HDS conditions, pepck1 knockdown reduces both wingless and TOR signaling, decreases evasion of apoptosis, reduces genome instability, and suppresses glucose uptake and trehalose levels in tumor cells in vivo. Moreover, rational pharmacological inhibition of PEPCK1, using hydrazinium sulfate, greatly improves the survival of tumor-bearing animals with pepck1 knockdown under HDS. This study is the first to show that elevated levels of dietary sugar induce aberrant upregulation of PEPCK1, which promotes tumor progression through altered cell signaling, evasion of apoptosis, genome instability, and reprogramming of carbohydrate metabolism. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between diet and cancer at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels and reveal PEPCK1 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancers associated with metabolic disorders.
Space Quasi-Periodic Steady Euler Flows Close to the Inviscid Couette Flow
Authors: Franzoi Luca , Masmoudi Nader , Montalto Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe prove the existence of steady space quasi-periodic stream functions, solutions for the Euler equation in a vorticity-stream function formulation in the two dimensional channel $${{\mathbb {R}}}\times [-1,1]$$

R
×
[
-
1
,
1
]

. These solutions bifurcate from a prescribed shear equilibrium near the Couette flow, whose profile induces finitely many modes of oscillations in the horizontal direction for the linearized problem. Using a Nash–Moser implicit function iterative scheme, near such equilibrium we construct small amplitude, space reversible stream functions, slightly deforming the linear solutions and retaining the horizontal quasi-periodic structure. These solutions exist for most values of the parameters characterizing the shear equilibrium. As a by-product, the streamlines of the nonlinear flow exhibit Kelvin’s cat eye-like trajectories arising from the finitely many stagnation lines of the shear equilibrium.
Hygro-mechanical long-term behaviour of spruce, pine and lime wood: parameter identification and model validation
Authors: Stöcklein Josef , Grajcarek Gerald , Konopka Daniel , Kaliske Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLime wood, spruce and pine are investigated with regard to its hygro-mechanical long-term behaviour. Experiments are conducted for an identification of model parameters and for model validation. Swelling and shrinkage coefficients, dry density, sorption characteristics and parameters for visco-elasticity, visco-plasticity and mechano-sorption are determined for the main material directions. Supplemented by literature values, a complete set of parameters for long-term hygro-mechanical modelling of wood species is found. Constrained swelling and shrinkage are analysed and the origin of the stress development is investigated. It is demonstrated, that creep phenomena lead to significant stress reduction by relaxation, in case of moisture changes especially due to mechano-sorption. The influence of different model parts is investigated. A numerical parameter study shows the influence of several material parameters on the stress evolution. Experimental material investigations such as those presented here are essential for the application of numerical simulation methods for the prediction of material behaviour and for the assessment of deformations, stresses and damage potential of climatically loaded timber structures.
Impact of upgrading from a 25-cm to a 30-cm z-axis field of view digital PET/CT in a pediatric hospital
Authors: Meier Joseph G. , Trout Andrew T. , Abu Ata Nadeen , Sharp Susan E. , Anton Christopher G. , Somasundaram Elanchezhian , Brady Samuel L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Increased positron emission tomography (PET) scanner z-axis coverage provides an opportunity in pediatrics to reduce dose, anesthesia, or repeat scans due to motion.

Objective
Recently, our digital PET scanner was upgraded from a 25-cm to a 30-cm z-axis coverage. We compare the two systems through National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA) testing and evaluation of paired images from patients scanned on both systems.

Materials and methods
NEMA testing and a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent clinically indicated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET computed tomography (PET/CT) on both systems with unchanged acquisition parameters were performed. Image quality was assessed with liver signal to noise ratio (SNR-liver) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) in the thigh muscle and liver with results compared with an unpaired t-test. Three readers independently reviewed paired (25 cm and 30 cm) images from the same patient, blinded to scanner configuration.

Results
Expansion to 30 cm increased system sensitivity to 29.8% (23.4 cps/kBq to 30.4 cps/kBq). Seventeen patients (6 male/11 female, median age 12.5 (IQR 8.3–15.0) years, median weight 53.7 (IQR 34.2–68.7) kg) were included. SNR-liver and CNR increased by 35.1% (IQR 19.0–48.4%) and 43.1% (IQR 6.2–50.2%) (P-value <0.001), respectively. All readers preferred images from the 30-cm configuration. A median of 1 (IQR 1–1) for fewer bed positions was required with the 30-cm configuration allowing a median of 91 (IQR 47–136) s for shorter scans.

Conclusion
Increasing z-axis coverage from 25 to 30 cm on a current-generation digital PET scanner significantly improved PET system performance and patient image quality, and reduced scan duration.
Non-invasive assessment of esophageal and fundic varices in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Huang Chunyang , Meng Fankun , Hu Xing , Huang Xiaojie , Chang Jing , Han Xue , Zhang Tieying , Han Jing , Ge Huiyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The Baveno VII consensus recommends endoscopic screening for varicose veins in cases of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 20 kPa or platelet count ≤ 150 × 109/L. Whether this approach was appropriate for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) remains uncertain. This study expanded the observed risk factors by adding analysis of ultrasound images as a non-invasive tool to predict the risk of esophageal or fundic varices.

Methods
We enrolled 111 patients with PBC whose complete ultrasound images, measurement data, and LSM data were available. The value of the periportal hypoechoic band (PHB), splenic area, and LSM in determining the risk of varicose veins and variceal rupture was analyzed. A prospective cohort of 67 patients provided external validation.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting varicose veins using LSM > 12.1 kPa or splenic areas > 41.2 cm2 was 0.806 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.720–0.875) and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.772–0.912), respectively. This finding could assist in avoiding endoscopic screening by 76.6% and 83.8%, respectively, with diagnostic accuracy surpassing that suggested by Baveno VII guidelines. The AUCs for predicting variceal rupture using splenic areas > 56.8 cm2 was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.623–0.798). The diagnostic accuracy of PHB for variceal rupture was higher than LSM and splenic areas (75.7% vs. 50.5% vs. 68.5%).

Conclusion
We recommend LSM > 12.1 kPa as a cutoff value to predict the risk of varicosity presence in patients with PBC. Additionally, the splenic area demonstrated high accuracy and relevance for predicting varicose veins and variceal rupture, respectively. The method is simple and reproducible, allowing endoscopy to be safely avoided.

Clinical relevance statement
The measurement of the splenic area and identification of the periportal hypoechoic band (PHB) on ultrasound demonstrated high accuracy and relevance for predicting the risk of esophageal or fundic varices presence and variceal rupture, respectively.

Key Points

Predicting varices in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Transient elastography (TE) and ultrasound play an important role in predicting patients with PBC with varices.

TE and ultrasound can predict varicose veins and variceal rupture. Liver stiffness measurement and splenic area measurements can allow endoscopy to be safely avoided.
Extremal Polynomials and Sets of Minimal Capacity
Authors: Christiansen Jacob S. , Eichinger Benjamin , Rubin Olof 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the asymptotic behavior of the Widom factors, denoted $${\mathcal {W}}_n$$

W
n

, for Chebyshev polynomials of finite unions of Jordan arcs. We prove that, in contrast to Widom’s proposal in Widom (Adv Math 3:127–232, 1969), when dealing with a single smooth Jordan arc, $${\mathcal {W}}_n$$

W
n

converges to 2 exclusively when the arc is a straight line segment. Our main focus is on analysing polynomial preimages of the interval $$[-2,2]$$

[
-
2
,
2
]

, and we provide a complete description of the asymptotic behavior of $${\mathcal {W}}_n$$

W
n

for symmetric star graphs and quadratic preimages of $$[-2,2]$$

[
-
2
,
2
]

. We observe that in the case of star graphs, the Chebyshev polynomials and the polynomials orthogonal with respect to equilibrium measure share the same norm asymptotics, suggesting a potential extension of the conjecture posed in Christiansen et al. (Oper Theory Adv Appl 289:301–319, 2022). Lastly, we propose a possible connection between the S-property and Widom factors converging to 2.
International consensus-based ranking of definitions for poor response to primary total knee arthroplasty: a Delphi study
Authors: te Molder Malou E.M. , van Onsem Stefaan , Smolders José M.H. , Dowsey Michelle M. , Rolfson Ola , Singh Jasvinder A. , de Kleuver Marinus , Heesterbeek Petra J.C. , van den Ende Cornelia H.M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to rank definitions for measuring poor response one year after TKA, after assessing the face validity and feasibility of existing or newly proposed definitions.

Materials and methods
An international, three-round, online modified Delphi study was conducted with sixty-nine panelists from twenty-three countries. Definitions were derived from a literature review or were newly proposed by an expert group. Panelists rated the face validity and feasibility of definitions, and could propose additional new definitions in round 1. Panelists reconsidered their rating of existing definitions, and rated newly suggested definitions (round 2). Definitions with a median score for face validity < 6.5 were removed from the list, and panelists distributed 100 points among the remaining definitions for ranking (round 3).

Results
Fifty-one panelists completed all three rounds (response rate 74%), and the prioritized list of definitions in round 3 comprised seventeen definitions. The single-item definition of (dis)satisfaction with the outcome of TKA obtained the highest scores for face validity and feasibility (7.5, and 8.5 respectively), and the definition “No improvement in pain OR daily knee functioning compared to pre-operative status” was the highest prioritized. In general, definitions reflecting change from the perception of patients were higher ranked than definitions requiring both preoperative and postoperative assessment of validated questionnaires.

Conclusions
This study identified seventeen potential definitions of poor response to TKA, offering valuable options for integration into quality assessment investigations. Remarkably, all identified definitions were patient-centered and none were clinician-centered. Single-item questions, capturing change from the patient’s viewpoint, appear to be the most practicable format to assess response.
What are the age-related factors linked to aseptic revisions in constrained and unconstrained TKA as well as UKA? A register-based study from the German arthroplasty registry (EPRD)
Authors: Straub Josina , Szymski Dominik , Walter Nike , Wu Yinan , Melsheimer Oliver , Grimberg Alexander , Alt Volker , Steinbrueck Arnd , Rupp Markus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The implantation rate of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) is continuously growing. Aseptic problems are a major cause of revision. The aim of the following study was to determinate the incidence of aseptic revisions in primary knee arthroplasty as well as aseptic revision rates and influencing factors according to the patients’ age and type of procedure.

Methods
Data collection was performed using the German Arthroplasty Registry. Influencing factors were analyzed according to the patients’ age and type of procedure. Risk factors were calculated using multiple Log-rank test with the Holm’s method. Incidence and comparison of aseptic revisions according to the patients’ age and type of procedure were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier-estimates. Cox regression was applied to calculate the hazard ratio.

Results
Overall, 300,998 knee arthroplasties with 254,144 (84.4%) unconstrained TKA, 9,993 (3.3%) constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) unicondylar knee arthroplasties (UKA) were analyzed. Patients younger than 65 years suffered a significantly higher aseptic revision rate than older patients (p < 0.0001). After one year, a revision rate of 1.1% was recorded for patients 65–74 years, 1.6% for patients under 65 years, and 1.3% for patients beyond 74 years. After seven years, patients younger than 65 years sustained in 5.0%, patients 65–74 years in 2.9% and patients beyond 74 years in 2.4% revision. In unconstrained TKA, an increased Elixhauser-score (HR = 1,75; HR = 1,54; HR = 1,7; p < 0,001) was a risk factor regardless the age. A TKA volume of 101–250 regardless the age (HR = 0,66; HR = 0,69; HR = 0,79) and > 250 under 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,72; 65–74: HR = 0,78; p = 0,001) were protective for aseptic revision. In UKA, male gender (HR = 0,81; HR = 0,72; HR = 0,57; p < 0,001), a UKA volume ≥ 51 for patients under 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,62; 65–74: HR = 0,59; p = 0,003) as well as cemented UKA for patients younger than 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,37; 65–74: HR = 0,37; p < 0,001) were detected as preventive factors.

Conclusion
A significant increased rate of aseptic revisions was reported for patients younger than 65 years compared to older patients. An increased Elixhauser score was a risk factor, whereas male and a high volume of performed UKA or TKA could be identified as preventive factors.

Level of evidence
III, cohort study.
Quantitative metrics commonly derived from diffusion tractography covary with streamline length: a characterization and method of adjustment
Authors: Carson Richard G. , Leemans Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTractography algorithms are used extensively to delineate white matter structures, by operating on the voxel-wise information generated through the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or other models to diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Through statistical modelling, we demonstrate that these methods commonly yield substantial and systematic associations between streamline length and several tractography derived quantitative metrics, such as fractional anisotropy (FA). These associations may be described as piecewise linear. For streamlines shorter than an inflection point (determined for a group of tracts delineated for each individual brain), estimates of FA exhibit a positive linear relation with streamline length. For streamlines longer than the point of inflection, the association is weaker, with the slope of the relationship between streamline length and FA differing only marginally from zero. As the association is most pronounced for a range of streamline lengths encountered typically in DW imaging of the human brain (less than ~ 100 mm), our results suggest that some quantitative metrics derived from diffusion tractography have the potential to mislead, if variations in streamline length are not considered. A method is described, whereby an Akaike information weighted average of linear, Blackman and piecewise linear model predictions, may be used to compensate effectively for the association of FA (and other quantitative metrics) with streamline length, across the entire range of streamline lengths present in each specimen.