bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Individualize Monitoring of Muscle Recovery in Athletes
Authors: Hecksteden Anne , Pitsch Werner , Julian Ross , Pfeiffer Mark , Kellmann Michael , Ferrauti Alexander , Meyer Tim 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:Assessment of muscle recovery is essential for the daily fine-tuning of training load in competitive sports, but individual differences may limit the diagnostic accuracy of group-based reference ranges. This article reports an attempt to develop individualized reference ranges using a Bayesian approach comparable to that developed for the Athlete Biological Passport.
Methods:Urea and creatine kinase (CK) were selected as indicators of muscle recovery. For each parameter, prior distributions and repeated-measures SDs were characterized based on data of 883 squad athletes (1758 data points, 1–8 per athlete, years 2013–2015). Equations for the individualization procedure were adapted from previous material to allow for discrimination of 2 physiological states (recovered vs nonrecovered). Evaluation of classificatory performance was carried out using data from 5 consecutive weekly microcycles in 14 elite junior swimmers and triathletes. Blood samples were collected every Monday (recovered) and Friday according to the repetitive weekly training schedule over 5 wk. On the group level, changes in muscle recovery could be confirmed by significant differences in urea and CK and validated questionnaires. Group-based reference ranges were derived from that same data set to avoid overestimating the potential benefit of individualization.
Results:For CK, error rates were significantly lower with individualized classification (P vs group-based: test-pass error rate P = .008; test-fail error rate P < .001). For urea, numerical improvements in error rates failed to reach significance.
Conclusions:Individualized reference ranges seem to be a promising tool to improve accuracy of monitoring muscle recovery. Investigating application to a larger panel of indicators is warranted.
Identification of Sensitive Measures of Recovery After External Load From Football Match Play
Authors: Rowell Amber E. , Aughey Robert J. , Hopkins Will G. , Stewart Andrew M. , Cormack Stuart J. 
Published: December 2016

Objective measures of recovery from football match play could be useful for assessing athletes’ readiness to train, if sensitive to preceding match load.Purpose:To identify the sensitivity of countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance and concentration of salivary testosterone and cortisol relative to elite football match load.Methods:CMJ performance and salivary hormones were measured in 18 elite football players before (27, 1 h) and after (0.5, 18, 42, 66, 90 h) 3 consecutive matches. Match load was determined via accelerometer-derived PlayerLoad and divided into tertiles. Sensitivity of CMJ performance and hormone concentrations to match load was quantified with t statistics and magnitude-based inferences (change in mean as % ± 90% confidence interval) derived with a linear mixed model.Results:Jump height was reduced in medium and high load at 0.5 h (10% ± 7% and 16% ± 8%) and 18 h (7% ± 4% and 9% ± 5%) postmatch. There was a 12% ± 7% reduction in ratio of flight time to contraction time (FT:CT) in high load at 0.5 h post, with reductions in medium and high load at 18 h. Reductions in FT:CT persisted at later postmatch time points than changes in jump height. Increased cortisol (range 55–165%) and testosterone (range 17–20%) were observed in all match loads at 0.5 h post, with individual variability thereafter.Conclusions:Measures of CMJ performance and hormonal concentrations were sensitive to levels of A League football match load. Although jump height was reduced immediately postmatch, FT:CT provided a more sensitive measure of recovery. Football match play induces an acute hormonal response with substantial individual variability thereafter.
Mycosins of the Mycobacterial Type VII ESX Secretion System: the Glue That Holds the Party Together
Authors: Chen Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Since their discovery as important determinants of virulence and growth, the type VII ESX secretion systems (ESX-1 to ESX-5) of slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria have been the focus of intense scrutiny. Genetic studies have been instrumental in identifying the core components and substrates of these molecular secretion machines and have helped uncover the multifunctional properties of some of them. For instance, the mycosin MycP
1
of ESX-1, a membrane-associated subtilisin-like serine protease, was shown to have dual functions: the entire protein is essential for ESX-1 function, but only the serine protease regulates secretion activity. MycP
5
of ESX-5, on the other hand, is required for ESX-5 secretion activity, but the function of its predicted serine protease remains unknown. Recently, van Winden and colleagues (mBio 7:e01471-16, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01471-16
) reported compelling evidence that MycP
1
and MycP
5
serve to stabilize the interactions of core ESX-1 and ESX-5 components, respectively, thus explaining how they facilitate the secretion activities of their associated systems.
Development of a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Cotter Thomas G , Binder Moritz , Loftus Edward V , Abboud Rami , McNally Meredythe A , Smyrk Thomas C , Tremaine William J , Sandborn William J , Pardi Darrell S 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveMicroscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, often with additional symptoms. No validated instruments exist to assess disease activity in MC, making it difficult to compare efficacy of treatments between clinical trials. We aimed to identify clinical features that independently predicted disease severity and create a Microscopic Colitis Disease Activity Index (MCDAI).DesignPatients with MC were prospectively administered a survey assessing their GI symptoms and the IBD Questionnaire (IBDQ). A single investigator also scored a physician global assessment (PGA) of disease severity on a 10-point scale. Multiple linear regression identified which symptoms best predicted the PGA. These symptoms were then combined in a weighted formula to create the MCDAI. The relationship between MCDAI and the IBDQ was investigated.ResultsOf the 175 patients enrolled, 13 (7.4%) did not complete the survey. The remaining 162 had a median age of 66 years (range, 57–73) and 74% were female. Several clinical features were independently associated with PGA (number of unformed stools daily, presence of nocturnal stools, abdominal pain, weight loss, faecal urgency and faecal incontinence). These parameters were combined to create the MCDAI, which strongly predicted the PGA (R2=0.80). A 1-unit decrease in disease activity (ΔMCDAI) was associated with a 9-unit increase in quality of life (ΔIBDQ).ConclusionsThe MCDAI strongly predicted the PGA and correlated with a validated measure of quality of life. Several symptoms in addition to diarrhoea are associated with disease severity in MC.
Public pensions and unmet medical need among older people: cross-national analysis of 16 European countries, 2004–2010
Authors: Reeves Aaron , McKee Martin , Mackenbach Johan , Whitehead Margaret , Stuckler David 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundSince the onset of the Great Recession in Europe, unmet need for medical care has been increasing, especially in persons aged 65 or older. It is possible that public pensions buffer access to healthcare in older persons during times of economic crisis, but to our knowledge, this has not been tested empirically in Europe.MethodsWe integrated panel data on 16 European countries for years 2004–2010 with indicators of public pension, unemployment insurance and sickness insurance entitlement from the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset and unmet need (due to cost) prevalence rates from EuroStat 2014 edition. Using country-level fixed-effects regression models, we evaluate whether greater public pension entitlement, which helps reduce old-age poverty, reduces the prevalence of unmet medical need in older persons and whether it reduces inequalities in unmet medical need across the income distribution.ResultsWe found that each 1-unit increase in public pension entitlement is associated with a 1.11 percentage-point decline in unmet medical need due to cost among over 65s (95% CI −0.55 to −1.66). This association is strongest for the lowest income quintile (1.65 percentage points, 95% CI −1.19 to −2.10). Importantly, we found consistent evidence that out-of-pocket payments were linked with greater unmet needs, but that this association was mitigated by greater public pension entitlement (β=−1.21 percentage points, 95% CI −0.37 to −2.06).ConclusionsGreater public pension entitlement plays a crucial role in reducing inequalities in unmet medical need among older persons, especially in healthcare systems which rely heavily on out-of-pocket payments.
Why diets fail: a hypothesis for discussion
Authors: Welsby Philip D 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTWeight regulation depends on the difference between weights of absorbed and metabolised carbon and excretion of the end products of metabolism, calories and carbon dioxide, which can be independently and variably excreted. Calories can be variably excreted as heat by vasoconstriction or vasodilation and carbon dioxide can be excreted variably as exhaled carbon dioxide (the major route of carbon excretion). Unless there are changes in ventilatory carbon excretion, ‘metabolism,’ ‘genetic factors,’ ‘hormones’ or ‘exercise’ do not provide complete explanatory mechanisms for weight changes, obesity and failure of diets. Low sensitivity of respiratory centres to carbon dioxide may cause overweight and dietary failures after initial weight loss.
Coeliotomy under general anaesthesia and removal of an enterolith from a sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus)
Authors: Monreal‐Pawlowsky Tania , Thornton Susan M , Stidworthy Mark Frederick , Hale Paul 
Published: December 2016

Sporadic feeding over a period of 18 months was observed in a previously healthy adult female sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) housed in an aquarium. This led to severe weight loss, revealing a mobile rounded bulge in the abdomen of the shark. Due to the failure of non‐invasive treatments with antibiotics and NSAIDs, coeliotomy under general anaesthesia was performed in a bespoke anaesthesia/surgery tank. A spherical enterolith (10 cm in diameter) was found in the spiral valve, causing partial obstruction, and constituted from concentrically lamellated calcium hydroxyapatite (the major component of fish scales and skeletons) around an undigested octopus beak. After closing the incision, the shark was returned to the water but died seven hours postsurgery without recovering from the anaesthesia. Factors leading to postsurgical mortality, and the potential for anaesthetic monitoring methods and postsurgical gastric reinflation to improve outcome, are discussed.
The inion response revisited: evidence for a possible cerebellar contribution to vestibular-evoked potentials produced by air-conducted sound stimulation
Authors: Todd Neil P. M. , Govender Sendhil , Colebatch James G. 
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the effect of eye gaze and head position on vestibular-evoked potentials (VsEPs). Head position would be expected to affect myogenic sources, and eye position is known to affect ocular myogenic responses (ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials), whereas a neurogenic source should behave otherwise. Eleven healthy subjects were recruited, and VsEPs, using 72-channel EEG, were recorded at a fixed intensity above the vestibular threshold. Three eye gaze and three head positions were tested (−20°, 0°, and +20° to the horizontal). Short-latency potentials showed that in addition to the expected effect of gaze on infraocular (IO′) leads, where up-gaze gives a maximum response, significant changes in amplitude were also observed in electrodes remote from the eyes and in particular, from contralateral parietal-occipital (PO) and neck (CB′) leads. Short-latency potentials of similar latency were observed (p10/n17 and n10/p17, respectively). The pattern of change with gaze in the PO leads was distinct from that observed for the IO′ leads. For the PO leads, the maximum response was obtained with neutral gaze, and this was also distinct from that observed for CB′ electrodes, where a maximal response was observed with head flexion in the second wave but not the first. Evidence of modulation of N42 and N1 potentials with both eye and head position was also observed. Head- and eye-position manipulation thus suggests that the inion response consists of an early neurogenic component, as well as myogenic responses. The p10/n17 at PO, in particular, may be an indicator of vestibulocerebellar projections. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Loud sounds were used to activate vestibular receptors in human volunteers and the effects of head and eye position studied for short-latency responses. A potential (p10/n17) recorded in the parieto-occipital leads showed behavior not expected for a response with a myogenic origin. Source modeling suggested a possible origin from the cerebellum. It may represent a new indicator of human vestibulocerebellar function.
Ação ritual, mito, figuração: imbricação de processos vitais e técnicos na Mesoamérica e nas terras baixas da América do Sul (Introdução)
Authors: Pitrou Perig 
Published: December 2016

Ainda que os trabalhos dedicados ao animismo tenham lançado importantes contribuições para a compreensão das sociedades ameríndias, nem sempre iluminaram a complexidade das teorias da vida que essas sociedades elaboraram. Independentemente da sua animação, os seres vivos caracterizam-se pela diversidade dos processos vitais – por exemplo, a reprodução, a regeneração, o envelhecimento ou as interações com o ambiente – que os humanos observam e buscam explicar. No quadro de uma antropologia da vida, que estuda as variações desses sistemas explicativos, no tempo e no espaço, os textos reunidos nesse dossiê propõem um exame das concepções de vida que podemos encontrar na Mesoamérica e nas Terras Baixas da América do Sul. Tomando por objeto a mitologia, a figuração ou a ação ritual, um dos desafios aqui é explorar as modalidades da imbricação entre processos vitais e técnicos.
Reconciling Theories for Human and Natural Attribution of Recent East Africa Drying
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Hoerling Martin , Eischeid Jon , Quan Xiao-Wei , Liebmann Brant 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Two theories for observed East Africa drying trends during March–May 1979–2013 are reconciled. Both hypothesize that variations in tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) caused East Africa drying. The first invokes a mainly human cause resulting from sensitivity to secular warming of Indo–western Pacific SSTs. The second invokes a mainly natural cause resulting from sensitivity to a strong articulation of ENSO-like Pacific decadal variability involving warming of the western Pacific and cooling of the central Pacific. Historical atmospheric model simulations indicate that observed SST variations contributed significantly to the East Africa drying trend during March–May 1979–2013. By contrast, historical coupled model simulations suggest that external radiative forcing alone, including the ocean’s response to that forcing, did not contribute significantly to East Africa drying. Recognizing that the observed SST variations involved a commingling of natural and anthropogenic effects, this study diagnosed how East African rainfall sensitivity was conditionally dependent on the interplay of those factors. East African rainfall trends in historical coupled models were intercompared between two composites of ENSO-like decadal variability, one operating in the early twentieth century before appreciable global warming and the other in the early twenty-first century of strong global warming. The authors find the coaction of global warming with ENSO-like decadal variability can significantly enhance 35-yr East Africa drying trends relative to when the natural mode of ocean variability acts alone. A human-induced change via its interplay with an extreme articulation of natural variability may thus have been key to Africa drying; however, these results are speculative owing to differences among two independent suites of coupled model ensembles.
Mst1 positively regulates B-cell receptor signaling via CD19 transcriptional levels
Authors: Bai Xiaoming , Huang Lu , Niu Linlin , Zhang Yongjie , Wang Jinzhi , Sun Xiaoyu , Jiang Hongyan , Zhang Zhiyong , Miller Heather , Tao Wufan , Zhou Xinyuan , Zhao Xiaodong , Liu Chaohong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs a key regulator of hippo signaling pathway, Mst kinases are emerging as one of the key signaling molecules that influence cell proliferation, organ size, cell migration, and cell polarity. In B lymphocytes, Mst1 deficiency causes the developmental defect of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, but how Mst1 regulates B-cell receptor (BCR) activation and differentiation remains elusive. Using genetically manipulated mouse models and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we have demonstrated that Mst1 positively regulates BCR signaling via modulating CD19 transcriptional levels. Consistent with this, Mst1-deficient mice exhibited reduced BCR signaling, which is concurrent with defective BCR clustering and B-cell spreading on stimulatory lipid bilayers. The disruption of CD19-mediated Btk signaling by Mst1 deficiency leads to the severe defect in the differentiation of MZ and germinal center B cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that Mst1 upregulates the messenger RNA level of CD19 via regulating the transcriptional factor TEAD2 that directly binds to the consensus motif in the 3′ untranslated region of cd19. Overall, our results reveal a new function of Mst1 in B cells and the mechanism by which Mst1 regulates the activation and differentiation of peripheral B cells.
Frontline Science: HMGB1 induces neutrophil dysfunction in experimental sepsis and in patients who survive septic shock
Authors: Grégoire Murielle , Tadié Jean-Marc , Uhel Fabrice , Gacouin Arnaud , Piau Caroline , Bone Nathaniel , Le Tulzo Yves , Abraham Edward , Tarte Karin , Zmijewski Jaroslaw W 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Sepsis is accompanied by the initial activation of proinflammatory pathways and long-lasting immunosuppression that appears to contribute to late-occurring mortality. Although high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in many aspects of inflammation, its role in sepsis-induced immune suppression remains unclear. In this study, we examined HMGB1’s contribution to neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity dysfunction and associated neutrophil-dependent bacterial clearance in mice subjected to sepsis and in patients who survive septic shock. Using a murine model of polymicrobial septic peritonitis, we demonstrated that treatment with anti-HMGB1 Ab significantly diminished sepsis-induced dysfunction of neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity. In a subsequent set of experiments, we found that blocking HMGB1 preserved the ability of neutrophils from patients recovering from septic shock to activate NADPH oxidase. Taken together, our data suggest that HMGB1 accumulation in the late phase of sepsis plays a specific role in the development of postsepsis immunosuppression and specifically affects neutrophil-dependent antibacterial defense mechanisms. Thus, blocking HMGB1 may be a promising therapeutic intervention to diminish the adverse effects of sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Thiazide Treatment in Primary Hyperparathyroidism—A New Indication for an Old Medication?
Authors: Tsvetov Gloria , Hirsch Dania , Shimon Ilan , Benbassat Carlos , Masri-Iraqi Hiba , Gorshtein Alexander , Herzberg Dana , Shochat Tzippy , Shraga-Slutzky Ilana , Diker-Cohen Talia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractContext:There is no therapy for control of hypercalciuria in nonoperable patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Thiazides are used for idiopathic hypercalciuria but are avoided in PHPT to prevent exacerbating hypercalcemia. Nevertheless, several reports suggested that thiazides may be safe in patients with PHPT.Objective:To test the safety and efficacy of thiazides in PHPT.Design:Retrospective analysis of medical records.Setting:Endocrine clinic at a tertiary hospital.Patients:Fourteen male and 58 female patients with PHPT treated with thiazides.Interventions:Data were compared for each patient before and after thiazide administration.Main Outcome Measures:Effect of thiazide on urine and serum calcium levels.Results:Data are given as mean ± standard deviation. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 to 50 mg/d led to a decrease in mean levels of urine calcium (427 ± 174 mg/d to 251 ± 114 mg/d; P &lt; 0.001) and parathyroid hormone (115 ± 57 ng/L to 74 ± 36 ng/L; P &lt; 0.001), with no change in serum calcium level (10.7 ± 0.4 mg/dL off treatment, 10.5 ± 1.2 mg/dL on treatment, P = 0.4). Findings were consistent over all doses, with no difference in the extent of reduction in urine calcium level or change in serum calcium level by thiazide dose.Conclusion:Thiazides may be effective even at a dose of 12.5 mg/d and safe at doses of up to 50 mg/d for controlling hypercalciuria in patients with PHPT and may have an advantage in decreasing serum parathyroid hormone level. However, careful monitoring for hypercalcemia is required.
Multi-scale referencing and coordinate unification of optical sensors in multi-axis machines
Authors: Gronle Marc , Osten Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Multi-scale optical sensor systems help to overcome the area of conflict between resolution, field size, and inspection time if it comes to the frequent problem of detecting small defects on large areas. The sensors of such systems are chosen according to two main properties: On the one hand, they should measure in opposed scales; on the other hand, their measurement principles should vary as well in order to be suitable for different material and surface properties. However, these systems can only operate at full capacity if it is possible to unify the acquired data from each sensor into one common coordinate system such that an overall analysis is possible, or subsequent sub-measurements can be triggered. In this paper, a general approach for a common sensor referencing is proposed, whose focus lies on microscopic optical sensors for both scattering and reflecting surfaces. The method is able to handle resolutions from the nanometer to millimeter scale in one single system, but is also feasible for a coordinate unification across several single sensor systems.
Risk measures versus ruin theory for the
calculation of solvency capital for long-term
life insurances
Authors: Devolder Pierre , Lebègue Adrien 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First we consider a ruin theory approach along with risk measures
in order to determine the solvency capital of long-term guarantees such as life insurances or pension
products. Secondly, for such products,we challenge the definition of the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR)
under the Solvency II (SII) regulatory framework based on a yearly viewpoint. Several methods for the calculation
of the solvency capital are presented. We start our study with risk measures as considered in the
SII framework and then proceed with the ruin theory approach. Instead of considering the continuous time
setting of the ruin theory,we consider the discrete time—the yearly basis—of the accounting viewpoint.We finally give an illustration with a fixed guaranteed rate product along with the equity, interest rate and longevity
risks. The latter risk brings us to consider zero-coupon longevity bonds in which we invest the capital. We
show that long-term guarantees might be overloaded under the SII regulation.