bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history of periodontitis: Disease progression and tooth loss over 40 years
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. , Anerud Age , Dulac Mary , Lulic Martina , Cullinan Mary P. , Seymour Gregory J. , Faddy Malcolm J. , Bürgin Walter , Schätzle Marc , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess long‐term attachment and periodontitis‐related tooth loss (PTL) in untreated periodontal disease over 40 years.Material and MethodsData originated from the natural history of periodontitis study in Sri Lankan tea labourers first examined in 1970. In 2010, 75 subjects (15.6%) of the original cohort were re‐examined.ResultsPTL over 40 years varied between 0 and 28 teeth (mean 13.1). Four subjects presented with no PTL, while 12 were edentulous. Logistic regression revealed attachment loss as a statistically significant covariate for PTL (p < .004). Markov chain analysis showed that smoking and calculus were associated with disease initiation and that calculus, plaque, and gingivitis were associated with loss of attachment and progression to advanced disease. Mean attachment loss <1.81 mm at the age of 30 yielded highest sensitivity and specificity (0.71) to allocate subjects into a cohort with a dentition of at least 20 teeth at 60 years of age.ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of treating early periodontitis along with smoking cessation, in those under 30 years of age. They further show that calculus removal, plaque control, and the control of gingivitis are essential in preventing disease progression, further loss of attachment and ultimately tooth loss.
Evaluation of a technique for color correction in restoring anterior teeth
Authors: Rauber Gabrielle Branco , Bernardon Jussara Karina , Vieira Luiz Clovis Cardoso , Baratieri Luiz Narciso 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the ability of the proposed technique in producing restorations that exhibit mimesis with tooth structure and to define a restorative clinical protocol.Materials and MethodsFor this study a typodont was used. The right upper central incisor with Class IV lesion was restored with the layering technique (reference tooth, RT). For the left upper central incisor with Class IV lesion, six teeth were restored monochromatically (test teeth, TT), using DA3.5 (n = 3) and DA4 (n = 3) composite resins—resulting in six unsatisfactory color restorations. TT were divided into six groups depending on the color of unsatisfactory restoration and preparation depth. First, a preparation was realized on the labial surface with 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or 1.0 mm of depth. A second preparation was then performed to reproduce the dentinal mamelons. Next, adhesive procedures were performed and the teeth restored. Opaque halo, opalescent halo and vestibular enamel were then reproduced by the addition of different composite resins. The RT and TT were photographed side by side in typodont to obtain six photographic prints. The photographs of the groups were subjected to visual evaluation by 120 volunteers via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the prevalence of answers, and Chi‐square test was used to investigate the association between variables at .05 significance. Furthermore, ΔE of groups was evaluated in comparison RT.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the moderate intensity restorations (DA3.5) with depths of 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm had the highest prevalence of acceptance. For severe intensity restorations (DA4), the preparation depth of 1.0 mm obtained better acceptance.ConclusionsThe technique was able to modify the final color of Class IV restorations, producing satisfactory color restorations.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis technique can be used for color correction in cases of Class IV restorations, in situations where there is no time for immediate layered restoration, and as a restorative technique.
Whitening‐dependent changes of fluorescence of extracted human teeth
Authors: Pereira Sanchez Natalie , Aleksic Aleksandar , Dramicanin Miroslav , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in vitro the fluorescence properties of extracted human teeth whitened with 40% hydrogen peroxide.Materials and MethodsA total of 28 extracted human teeth were pumiced for 1 minute using a low‐speed dental handpiece and a disposable rubber cup. Pre‐whitening fluorescence measurements (T0), maximum excitation (Exmax), maximum emission (Emmax), and maximum intensity (Imax108), were performed using a spectrofluorometer. After T0 measurements, the teeth were whitened using the in‐office method with 40% hydrogen peroxide, three times for 20 minutes. The fluorescence parameters were measured under the same conditions 7 and 14 days after bleaching (T1 and T2, respectively).ResultsExmax exhibited a broader range 7 days after whitening and decreased after 14 days. The Emmax and Imax108 displayed a narrower range after whitening. The mean Exmax differed significantly between the time points (F = 20.09. P < .001). The corresponding analysis for the mean Emmax differed significantly between the time points (F = 16.69, P < .001). The same was true for the mean Imax108 (F = 9.69, P < .001).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, whitening provoked statistically significant changes in fluorescence of the intact teeth in vitro.Clinical significanceThe appearance of human teeth and dental materials and their changes upon aging and exposure to different agents (staining, whitening) is a topic of great relevance to esthetic dentistry. While some appearance parameters, such as color, translucency, and gloss, have been thoroughly studied, fluorescence and its influence on overall tooth appearance is still not well understood, yet it has influenced the development of fluorescence emitting restorative materials.
Effectiveness of Light Therapy in Cognitively Impaired Persons: A Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chiu Huei‐Ling , Chan Pi‐Tuan , Chu Hsin , Hsiao Shu‐Tai Sheen , Liu Doresses , Lin Chueh‐Ho , Chou Kuei‐Ru 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the effects of light therapy on behavioral disturbances (BDs), sleep quality, and depression.DesignMeta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.SettingPubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov of selected randomized controlled trials and previous systematic reviews were searched.ParticipantsCognitively impaired persons.MeasurementsInformation was extracted on study characteristics, quality assessment, and outcomes. Outcome measures included BDs, sleep quality, and depression.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials were examined. The results showed that light therapy has a moderate effect on BD (g = −0.61) and depression (g = −0.58) and a small effect on total sleep time at night (g = 0.25). Subgroup analysis indicated that a light intensity of 2,500 lux or greater has a greater effect on depression than an intensity of less than 2,500 lux (P = .03), and the low risk of bias in blinding was superior to the RCTs deemed to be of high or unclear risk of bias in blinding in terms of BD (P = .02).ConclusionLight therapy can relieve BD, improve sleep quality, and alleviate symptoms of depression for cognitively impaired persons.
Dementia risk and prevention by targeting modifiable vascular risk factors
Authors: Tariq Sana , Barber Philip A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe incidence of dementia is expected to double in the next 20 years and will contribute to heavy social and economic burden. Dementia is caused by neuronal loss that leads to brain atrophy years before symptoms manifest. Currently, no cure exists and extensive efforts are being made to mitigate cognitive impairment in late life in order to reduce the burden on patients, caregivers, and society. The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) often co‐exists in the brain and shares common, modifiable risk factors, which are targeted in numerous secondary prevention trials. There is a growing need for non‐pharmacological interventions and infrastructural support from governments to encourage psychosocial and behavioral interventions. Secondary prevention trials need to be redesigned based on the risk profile of individual subjects, which require the use of validated and standardized clinical, biological, and neuroimaging biomarkers. Multi‐domain approaches have been proposed in high‐risk populations that target optimal treatment; clinical trials need to recruit individuals at the highest risk of dementia before symptoms develop, thereby identifying an enriched disease group to test preventative and disease modifying strategies. The underlying aim should be to reduce microscopic brain tissue loss by modifying vascular and lifestyle risk factors over a relatively short period of time, thus optimizing the opportunity for preventing dementia in the future. Collaboration between international research groups is of key importance to the optimal use and allocation of existing resources, and the development of new techniques in preventing dementia.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
Inpatient palliative care referral and 9‐month hospital readmission in patients with congestive heart failure: a linked nationwide analysis
Authors: Wiskar K. , Celi L. A. , Walley K. R. , Fruhstorfer C. , Rush B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveEnd‐stage heart failure (HF) is characterized by high symptom burden and frequent hospitalization. Palliative care (PC) is recommended for advanced HF, and there is some evidence in other diseases that this may reduce readmission rates. We attempted examine the association of an inpatient PC visit on hospital readmission for patients admitted with HF.MethodsRetrospective linked nationwide analysis from 2013 with 9‐month follow‐up for all hospital readmissions for patients admitted with HF exacerbations using the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD). The NRD gathers all hospital admissions for patients from 22 states and tracks patients throughout the year, allowing for examination of readmission statistics. A propensity score model for PC visit was made, and patients were matched in a 1 : 1 fashion.ResultsThere were 102 746 patients who survived an admission for HF in the first 3 months of 2013. Of these, 2287 (2.2%) patients had a PC visit as inpatients.After matching based on propensity for a PC visit during the index hospitalization, 2282 patients who received a PC visit were matched to 2282 patients who did not. Those receiving a PC visit were less likely to be readmitted for HF (9.3% vs. 22.4%, P < 0.01) or for any cause (29.0% vs. 63.2%, P < 0.01) during the 9‐month follow‐up period. The average hospital charges during the follow‐up period for the non‐PC cohort were $77 643 per patient. The average charges for PC patients were $23 200 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with HF who received an inpatient PC visit had significantly lower rates of all‐cause and HF‐specific readmission in the subsequent 9 months. Total 9‐month hospital charges were also significantly lower for patients who received an inpatient PC visit.
The perniciousness of perfectionism: A meta‐analytic review of the perfectionism–suicide relationship
Authors: Smith Martin M. , Sherry Simon B. , Chen Samantha , Saklofske Donald H. , Mushquash Christopher , Flett Gordon L. , Hewitt Paul L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveOver 50 years of research implicates perfectionism in suicide. Yet the role of perfectionism in suicide needs clarification due to notable between‐study inconsistencies in findings, underpowered studies, and uncertainty about whether perfectionism confers risk for suicide. We addressed this by meta‐analyzing perfectionism's relationship with suicide ideation and attempts. We also tested whether self‐oriented, other‐oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted increased suicide ideation, beyond baseline ideation.MethodOur literature search yielded 45 studies (N = 11,747) composed of undergraduates, medical students, community adults, and psychiatric patients.ResultsMeta‐analysis using random effects models revealed perfectionistic concerns (socially prescribed perfectionism, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, discrepancy, perfectionistic attitudes), perfectionistic strivings (self‐oriented perfectionism, personal standards), parental criticism, and parental expectations displayed small‐to‐moderate positive associations with suicide ideation. Socially prescribed perfectionism also predicted longitudinal increases in suicide ideation. Additionally, perfectionistic concerns, parental criticism, and parental expectations displayed small, positive associations with suicide attempts.ConclusionsResults lend credence to theoretical accounts suggesting self‐generated and socially based pressures to be perfect are part of the premorbid personality of people prone to suicide ideation and attempts. Perfectionistic strivings' association with suicide ideation also draws into question the notion that such strivings are healthy, adaptive, or advisable.
Seasonal recruitment and survival strategies of Palisada cervicornis comb. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in coral reefs
Authors: Collado‐Vides Ligia , Duran Alain , Armenis Elizabeth , Cassano Valéria , Burkepile Deron , Shantz Andrew A. , Palma Laura , Díaz‐Larrea Jhoana , Sentíes Abel , Fujii Mutue Toyota 
Published: July 2017

As marine tropical ecosystems deteriorate and lose biodiversity, their communities are shifting to being dominated by a few species, altering ecosystem's functioning and services. Macroalgae are becoming dominant on coral reefs, and are frequently observed outcompeting corals. Turf algal assemblages are the base of energy flow in these systems and one of the most abundant types of macroalgae on coral reefs, but little is known about their biology and diversity. Through molecular and morphological analyses, we identified the turf‐forming species Laurencia cervicornis, and by studying seasonal recruitment and the impact of herbivorous fishes on its abundance, we describe its survival strategy. The molecular analyses used a total of 45 rbcL gene sequences including eight current genera within the Laurencia complex and two new sequences of L. cervicornis and strongly support the new combination of Palisada cervicornis comb. nov. In addition, a detailed morphological characterization including the description of reproductive structures is provided. Palisada cervicornis was seen recruiting in all seasons but was typically in low abundance. Specimens grown on tiles in fish exclosure cages were devoured in less than 4 h when offered to fishes. Even though many species of the Laurencia complex have chemicals that deter herbivory, species within the genus Palisada lack feeding deterrents and thus are highly palatable. We suggest that P. cervicornis is a palatable species that seems to survive in the community by obtaining a size‐refuge from herbivory within turf communities.
Effect of fixed value positive end expiratory pressure valves on canine thoracic volume and atelectasis
Authors: Allison A. , Huizing X. , Jolliffe C. , Schaafsma I. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate whether a fixed 10 cm H2O positive end‐expiratory pressure valve would increase the aeration of, and reduce atelectasis formation in, the lungs after induction of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing thoracic CT.Materials and Methods28 dogs were paired based on breed, bodyweight and body condition score and then randomly allocated to either Group Z (0 cm H2O) or Group P (10 cm H2O positive end‐expiratory pressure valve) immediately after the induction of anaesthesia. All patients received a standardised anaesthetic protocol, and their lungs were manually hyperventilated before image acquisition. Cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded every 5 minutes. Total lung volume, lung density and degree of atelectasis were determined for each dog from the acquired images.ResultsThe 10 cm H2O positive end‐expiratory pressure valve significantly increased lung volume (mL/kg) (Group Z: 52 ±14; Group P: 83 ±17; P<0·001) whilst significantly reducing lung density (Hounsfield units) (Group Z: −775 ±30; Group P: −856 ±22; P<0·001) and the amount of atelectasis (P=0·004). Dogs in Group P had significantly higher end‐tidal carbon dioxide (P<0·05), but there was no difference between the groups for respiratory rate or any cardiovascular variable.Clinical SignificanceA fixed‐value positive end‐expiratory pressure valve provides a simple, cost‐effective technique for improving expiratory thoracic CT studies by increasing lung volume and decreasing atelectasis formation.
The effect of pre‐release captivity on the stress physiology of a reintroduced population of wild eastern bettongs
Authors: Batson W. G. , Gordon I. J. , Fletcher D. B. , Portas T. J. , Manning A. D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStress is important in reintroduction biology because it can influence mortality, dispersal and recruitment and determine establishment success. As stress is unavoidable during reintroduction, it requires deliberate management. Release tactics (e.g. ‘delayed‐ and immediate‐release’) are often selected specifically based on their presumed effect on physiological stress, yet, the actual physiological effects are seldom tested. Delayed‐release involves pre‐release confinement (in situ), or captivity (ex situ), which can improve post‐release performance in some cases, or induce a detrimental effect in others, especially in wild animals. Quarantine is another common pre‐release practice that requires captivity/confinement carrying similar post‐release physiological implications. We use faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (FGM) to evaluate how a delayed‐release involving 95–345 days in captivity influences the stress physiology of wild eastern bettongs (Bettongia gaimardi), compared to an immediate‐release (within 24 h of capture), across the initial 18 months post‐release. The results suggest that FGM concentrations were relatively higher in the delayed‐release group at release, but significantly lower after ca. 2 months of release. We assessed seasonal fluctuations in FGM concentrations, the effect of release tactics on in‐trap behaviour, and the relationship between those behaviours and FGM concentrations. We found that FGM concentrations fluctuated seasonally, but release tactics did not influence behaviour, and that behavioural variations had no relationship with FGM concentrations. Overall our results, coupled with previous research, suggest that an immediate‐release is preferable when quarantine is not required.
Evidence for an impact‐induced magnetic fabric in Allende, and exogenous alternatives to the core dynamo theory for Allende magnetization
Authors: Muxworthy Adrian R. , Bland Phillip A. , Davison Thomas M. , Moore James , Collins Gareth S. , Ciesla Fred J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe conducted a paleomagnetic study of the matrix of Allende CV3 chondritic meteorite, isolating the matrix's primary remanent magnetization, measuring its magnetic fabric and estimating the ancient magnetic field intensity. A strong planar magnetic fabric was identified; the remanent magnetization of the matrix was aligned within this plane, suggesting a mechanism relating the magnetic fabric and remanence. The intensity of the matrix's remanent magnetization was found to be consistent and low (~6 μT). The primary magnetic mineral was found to be pyrrhotite. Given the thermal history of Allende, we conclude that the remanent magnetization was formed during or after an impact event. Recent mesoscale impact modeling, where chondrules and matrix are resolved, has shown that low‐velocity collisions can generate significant matrix temperatures, as pore‐space compaction attenuates shock energy and dramatically increases the amount of heating. Nonporous chondrules are unaffected, and act as heat‐sinks, so matrix temperature excursions are brief. We extend this work to model Allende, and show that a 1 km/s planar impact generates bulk porosity, matrix porosity, and fabric in our target that match the observed values. Bimodal mixtures of a highly porous matrix and nominally zero‐porosity chondrules make chondrites uniquely capable of recording transient or unstable fields. Targets that have uniform porosity, e.g., terrestrial impact craters, will not record transient or unstable fields. Rather than a core dynamo, it is therefore possible that the origin of the magnetic field in Allende was the impact itself, or a nebula field recorded during transient impact heating.
Range instability leads to cytonuclear discordance in a morphologically cryptic ground squirrel species complex
Authors: Phuong Mark A. , Bi Ke , Moritz Craig 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe processes responsible for cytonuclear discordance frequently remain unclear. Here, we employed an exon capture data set and demographic methods to test hypotheses generated by species distribution models to examine how contrasting histories of range stability vs. fluctuation have caused cytonuclear concordance and discordance in ground squirrel lineages from the Otospermophilus beecheyi species complex. Previous studies in O. beecheyi revealed three morphologically cryptic and highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages (named the Northern, Central and Southern lineages based on geography) with only the Northern lineage exhibiting concordant divergence for nuclear genes. Here, we showed that these mtDNA lineages likely formed in allopatry during the Pleistocene, but responded differentially to climatic changes that occurred since the last interglacial (~120,000 years ago). We find that the Northern lineage maintained a stable range throughout this period, correlating with genetic distinctiveness among all genetic markers and low migration rates with the other lineages. In contrast, our results suggested that the Southern lineage expanded from Baja California Sur during the Late Pleistocene to overlap and potentially swamp a contracting Central lineage. High rates of intraspecific gene flow between Southern lineage individuals among expansion origin and expansion edge populations largely eroded Central ancestry from autosomal markers. However, male‐biased dispersal in this system preserved signals of this past hybridization and introgression event in matrilineal‐biased X‐chromosome and mtDNA markers. Our results highlight the importance of range stability in maintaining the persistence of phylogeographic lineages, whereas unstable range dynamics can increase the tendency for lineages to merge upon secondary contact.