bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of radiosynoviorthesis on the progression of arthropathy and haemarthrosis reduction in haemophilic patients
Authors: Querol‐Giner M. , Pérez‐Alenda S. , Aguilar‐Rodríguez M. , Carrasco J. J. , Bonanad S. , Querol F. 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionRepeated haemarthrosis is widely accepted as the triggering cause of synovitis and haemophilic arthropathy. A first‐line treatment of chronic synovitis is radiosynoviorthesis (RS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the RS effects on the progression of arthropathy and on a reduction in bleeding in patients with haemophilia.MethodsAn observational‐retrospective study was performed. Bleeding episodes in the 12 months following and in the 12 months preceding RS was compared. The arthropathy was clinically and radiologically analysed by age range, joint and subject, comparing those undergoing RS (Radiosynoviorthesis Group, RSG) against those not undergoing this treatment (Non‐Radiosynoviorthesis Group, Non‐RSG).ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four RS were performed in 71 patients (90Y in Knees and 186Re in elbows/ankles/shoulder). RS resulted in significant reduction in bleeding (582 preintervention and 168 postintervention, P < .001). In general, the level of arthropathy measured clinically and radiologically was greater with age increase in both groups (RSG and Non‐RSG), especially in the 25‐40 age range. A significant increase (P < .05) in the progression of arthropathy was also observed, both globally by patient and specifically for each joint, in non‐RSG and RSG group.ConclusionRS is an effective method to reduce the number of haemarthrosis episodes in chronic synovitis. Moreover, RS can positively affect arthropathy by slowing down its progression. However, the results obtained suggest that arthropathy may be conditioned by the subject's age, regardless of whether or not the joint has undergone RS.
Use of space and dispersal ability of a flagship saproxylic insect: a telemetric study of the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) in a relict lowland forest
Authors: Tini Massimiliano , Bardiani Marco , Chiari Stefano , Campanaro Alessandro , Maurizi Emanuela , Toni Ilaria , Mason Franco , Audisio Paolo A. , Carpaneto Giuseppe M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The stag beetle, Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), is a flagship species for the conservation of European old‐growth forests. Despite its popularity and many studies conducted, the lack of knowledge of its habits and ecological requirements leads to difficulties in locating the species in the field and to provide information for suitable planning conservation actions suitable for the species.

In order to gather information on dispersal ability and space use, a radio‐telemetry study was conducted in a relict floodplain forest surrounded by intensively cultivated land. During 2014 and 2015, from May to July, 55 beetles (34 males, 21 females) were radio‐tagged, and 9 of these (7 males, 2 females) were telemetered immediately after the emergence from their development sites, by means of emergence traps.

The use of radio‐telemetry allowed to detect the oviposition sites and to study the first part of the adult life, when they resulted to be more active. Males were more prone to disperse than females but the home range size did not differ between the sexes. Dividing the season in three intervals, the most active individuals were recorded during the first and the second ones (first and second half of June).
Comparative analysis of the biological effects of the endodontic bioactive cements MTA‐Angelus, MTA Repair HP and NeoMTA Plus on human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Tomás‐Catalá C. J. , Collado‐González M. , García‐Bernal D. , Oñate‐Sánchez R. E. , Forner L. , Llena C. , Lozano A. , Castelo‐Baz P. , Moraleda J. M. , Rodríguez‐Lozano F. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the biological effects in vitro of MTA‐Angelus (MTA‐Ang; Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), MTA Repair HP (MTA‐HP; Angelus) and NeoMTA Plus (NeoMTA‐P; Avalon Biomed Inc, Bradenton, FL, USA) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodologyCell viability and cell migration assays were performed using eluates of each material. To evaluate cell morphology and cell attachment to the different materials, hDPSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analysed by immunocytofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The chemical composition of the materials was determined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and eluates were analysed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Statistical analysis was performed with the analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post‐test (α < 0.05).ResultsUndiluted MTA‐Ang, MTA‐HP and NeoMTA‐P displayed a significant increase in cell viability greater than that obtained using complete medium alone (control) (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Moreover, a cell migration assay revealed cell migration rates after incubation with extracts of MTA‐Ang, MTA‐HP and NeoMTA‐P that were similar to levels obtained in the control group. In addition, stretched cytoskeletal F‐actin fibres were detected in the cells treated with the three material extracts. SEM studies revealed a high degree of cell proliferation and attachment on all three materials. EDX analysis demonstrated similar weight percentages of C, O and Ca in all three materials, whilst other elements such as Al, Si and S were also found.ConclusionsMTA‐Ang, MTA‐HP and NeoMTA‐P were associated with biological effects on hDPSCs in terms of cell proliferation, morphology, migration and attachment.
Rare disease registries: a call to action
Authors: Lacaze Paul , Millis Nicole , Fookes Megan , Zurynski Yvonne , Jaffe Adam , Bellgard Matthew , Winship Ingrid , McNeil John , Bittles Alan H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen registries collect accurate clinical data over time, they can act as fundamental support structures for patients and their families and powerful cost‐effective instruments to support clinical trials and translational research to improve quality of care, quality of life and survival. Registries are critical for rare diseases (RD) with low prevalence and propensity for variation in treatment and outcomes. Rare Voices Australia is leading a call for action to the research and clinical community to prioritise RD data collection and develop an integrated RD Registry strategy for Australia. Financial, operational and governance challenges exist for establishing and maintaining RD registries. As a multidisciplinary team whose interests converge on RD, we highlight the need for the establishment of an Australian RD Registry Alliance. This ‘umbrella’ organisation will: (i) bring together existing RD registries across Australia; (ii) establish National RD Registry Standards to support interoperability and cohesion across registries; (iii) develop strategies to attract sustainable funding from government and other sources to maximise the utility of existing RD registries and support the development of new RD registries. The most important role for the Alliance would be to use the RD registries for translational research to address current knowledge gaps about RD and to improve the care for the over 1.4 million Australians estimated to live with RD.
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for inferior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction in a patient supported by the HeartWare left ventricular assist device
Authors: Spina Roberto , Siriwardena Maithri , Bart Nicole , Namasivayam Mayooran , Connellan Mark , Jansz Paul , Spratt Philip , Hayward Christopher S. , Kotlyar Eugene , Gunalingam Brendan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man with an ischaemic cardiomyopathy, supported by the HeartWare left ventricular assist device (LVAD), presented with ventricular tachycardia and inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with associated acute right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. He underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with balloon angioplasty and placement of three drug‐eluting stents in the proximal‐to‐mid right coronary artery. Post‐procedure, ventricular arrhythmias abated, RV systolic dysfunction resolved and RV size normalised. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilitated by the use of miniaturised percutaneous LVAD has become an increasingly available treatment option for high‐risk patients. PCI in patients on established full mechanical circulatory support is not a common occurrence. Indeed, to our knowledge, this is the first case of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on an LVAD‐supported heart reported in the medical literature. The case raises several specific issues that are of peculiar interest to clinicians involved in the care of patients supported by mechanical assist devices who experience an acute coronary syndrome requiring emergent revascularisation.
Cognitive challenges to minimising low value care
Authors: Scott Ian A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClinical decisions often rely on pattern recognition, simple rules of thumb, tacit knowledge and habit. In many instances, such intuitive decisions are fast and accurate, but they can be subject to cognitive biases leading to delivery of care of low value at odds with scientific evidence of best practice. If programmes, such as EVOLVE (Evaluating Evidence, Enhancing Efficiencies) and Choosing Wisely are to have maximal impact in minimising low value care, such biases, and the factors that hide and accentuate them, need to be exposed and addressed in a collegiate and non‐judgemental manner.
Mandatory reporting by doctors of medically unsafe drivers is unpopular and poorly adhered to: a survey of sleep physicians and electro‐physicians
Authors: Elgar Nathan J. , Smith Brian J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedical fitness to drive is one way governments control the issuing and renewal of driving licences, and some jurisdictions demand mandatory reporting (MR) of unsafe drivers by doctors.AimTo determine the views, adherence rate and experiences of sleep physicians and electro‐physicians with regards to South Australia's (SA) MR law.MethodsSelf‐administered surveys were delivered by post and email to all SA Medical Board‐registered sleep physicians (n = 49) and electro‐physicians (n = 11). Twenty‐nine sleep physicians and six electro‐physicians returned surveys, giving a 61% response rate.ResultsOf the doctors, 8 agreed with MR, 19 thought reporting should be voluntary and 6 that doctors should never report. Four doctors had reported all reportable patients, five had never reported any and the rest inconsistently applied the law. MR affected doctors’ relationships with their patients as follows: 28 had experienced abuse by patients, 25 suspected patients of doctor shopping and 33 suspected patients of withholding information for fear of loss of licence. Only eight thought they were the most appropriate person to determine their patient's fitness to drive; 29 had not received any training with regards to making such determinations, yet, of these, 27 desired training.ConclusionsWidely disliked and causing deterioration of doctor–patient relationships, the MR law is ignored by some and inconsistently applied by most of the doctors surveyed. Further clinician and community education is required regardless of whether the law is abandoned, modified or left unchanged.
Urolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of stroke: a population‐based 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Chou Ping‐Song , Chang Wei‐Pin , Chou Yii‐Her 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have reported an association between urolithiasis and cardiovascular disease. However, studies examining the risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in patients with urolithiasis are limited.Aims and methodsBy using a nationwide population database, we conducted a matched cohort study to investigate the association between urolithiasis and longitudinal risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.ResultsThe urolithiasis and non‐urolithiasis cohorts included 12 979 and 64 895 patients respectively. Of these, 728 (5.6%) and 2802 (4.3%) patients in the urolithiasis and non‐urolithiasis cohorts, respectively, had a stroke during the 5‐year follow‐up period. The hazard ratio (HR) for stroke was 1.19 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.29; P < 0.001) in the urolithiasis cohort than in the non‐urolithiasis cohort after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk of both ischaemic (adjusted HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05–1.29) and haemorrhagic stroke (adjusted HR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.03–1.64) remained significant in the urolithiasis cohort. Furthermore, the risk of stroke was significant in both men (adjusted HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05–1.28) and women (adjusted HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.10–1.45). Middle‐aged (40–59 years; adjusted HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.10–1.45) and older (≥60 years; adjusted HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03–1.27) patients had a particularly high risk of stroke.ConclusionsThe present study detected an increased risk of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in patients with urolithiasis, particularly in those older than 40 years.
Fibrinogen‐like protein‐2 causes deterioration in cardiac function in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats through regulation of programmed death‐1 and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Zheng Zhenzhong , Yu Yinghui , Potla Ratnakar , Wu Yujing , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2017

SummaryProgrammed death‐1 (PD‐1) plays an important role in protecting against inflammation and myocyte damage in T‐cell‐mediated myocarditis. To understand whether fibrinogen‐like protein‐2 (FGL2) can affect the role of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), we investigated cardiac function in EAM rats over‐expressing FGL2. Over‐expression of FGL2 significantly decreased PD‐1 and deteriorated cardiac function in rats with autoimmune myocarditis. Histopathology revealed increased inflammatory cell infiltrate in EAM‐FGL2 rats compared with the control groups (EAM, EAM‐GFP and NC). Notably, transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) protein and mRNA levels were statistically (P < 0·05) increased in EAM rats. We also found that interferon‐γ, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐17 and brain natriuretic peptide levels were profoundly increased in serum of FGL2 over‐expressing EAM rats. Hence, FGL2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis that also involves the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway. Our findings may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune‐induced heart injury.
Effects of prenatal alcohol consumption on cognitive development and ADHD‐related behaviour in primary‐school age: a multilevel study based on meconium ethyl glucuronide
Authors: Eichler Anna , Hudler Linda , Grunitz Juliane , Grimm Jennifer , Raabe Eva , Goecke Tamme W. , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Kratz Oliver , Moll Gunther H. , Kornhuber Johannes , Heinrich Hartmut 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAlcohol intake during pregnancy is considered to be a risk factor for child development. Child biomarkers of intrauterine alcohol exposure have been rarely studied. We investigated whether a meconium alcohol metabolite (ethyl glucuronide, EtG) was associated with cognitive development, ADHD‐related behaviour and neurophysiological markers of attention and executive control of children at primary‐school age.MethodsMothers provided self‐report on prenatal alcohol consumption during their 3rd trimester. Meconium samples were collected at birth. A total of 44 children with a meconium EtG above the detection limit (≥10 ng/g) and 44 nonexposed matched controls were compared. A second threshold (≥154 ng/g) was applied to study the dose effects. When children reached primary‐school age, mothers rated ADHD‐related behaviour, child cognitive development was measured using an IQ test battery, and event‐related potentials were recorded during a cued go/nogo task.ResultsChildren in both EtG‐positive groups allocated fewer attentional resources than controls to the go/nogo task (reduced P3 component in go‐trials). Children with a meconium EtG above 154 ng/g were also found to have an IQ that was six points lower than the other groups. Within the EtG ≥ 154 ng/g group, there was a positive correlation between EtG value and ADHD‐related behaviour. These significant effects were not observed in relation to the maternal self‐report data.ConclusionsAssociations between EtG and cognitive deficits, attentional resource capacity and ADHD‐related behaviour could be documented with effects that were partially dose‐dependent. In addition to maternal self‐reports, this biomarker of intrauterine alcohol exposure may be considered as a predictor of child development.
Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Older Men
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djousse Luc , Driver Jane A. 
Published: September 2017

Background/ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether statin use for primary prevention is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events or mortality in older men.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPhysicians’ Health Study participants.Participants7,213 male physicians ≥70 years without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MeasurementsMultivariable propensity score for statin use with greedy matching (1:1) to minimize confounding by indication.ResultsMedian baseline age was 77 (70–102), median follow‐up was 7 years. Non‐users were matched to 1,130 statin users. Statin use was associated with an 18% lower risk of all‐cause mortality, HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69–0.98) and non‐significant lower risk of CVD events, HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.70–1.06) and stroke, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.45–1.09). In subgroup analyses, results did not change according to age group at baseline (70–76 or >76 years) or functional status. There was a suggestion that those >76 at baseline did not benefit from statins for mortality, HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.89–1.47), compared to those 70–76 at baseline, HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.61–1.11); however the CIs overlap between the two groups, suggesting no difference. Statin users with elevated total cholesterol had fewer major CVD events than non‐users, HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50–0.94) and HR 1.43 (95% CI 0.99–2.07)), respectively.ConclusionsStatin use was associated with a significant lower risk of mortality in older male physicians ≥70 and a nonsignificant lower risk of CVD events. Results did not change in those who were >76 years at baseline or according to functional status. There was a suggestion that those with elevated total cholesterol may benefit. Further work is needed to determine which older individuals will benefit from statins as primary prevention.
Nursing Home Use Across The Spectrum of Cognitive Decline: Merging Mayo Clinic Study of Aging With CMS MDS Assessments
Authors: Emerson Jane A. , Smith Carin Y. , Long Kirsten H. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Hass Steven L. , Duhig Amy M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Leibson Cynthia L. 
Published: September 2017

Background/objectivesObjective, complete estimates of nursing home (NH) use across the spectrum of cognitive decline are needed to help predict future care needs and inform economic models constructed to assess interventions to reduce care needs.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingOlmsted County, MN.ParticipantsMayo Clinic Study of Aging participants assessed as cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), previously unrecognized dementia, or prevalent dementia (age = 70–89 years; N = 3,545).MeasurementsParticipants were followed in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Minimum Data Set (MDS) NH records and in Rochester Epidemiology Project provider‐linked medical records for 1‐year after assessment of cognition for days of observation, NH use (yes/no), NH days, NH days/days of observation, and mortality.ResultsIn the year after cognition was assessed, for persons categorized as CN, MCI, previously unrecognized dementia, and prevalent dementia respectively, the percentages who died were 1.0%, 2.6%, 4.2%, 21%; the percentages with any NH use were 3.8%, 8.7%, 19%, 40%; for persons with any NH use, median NH days were 27, 38, 120, 305, and median percentages of NH days/days of observation were 7.8%, 12%, 33%, 100%. The year after assessment, among persons with prevalent dementia and any NH use, >50% were a NH resident all days of observation. Pairwise comparisons revealed that each increase in cognitive impairment category exhibited significantly higher proportions with any NH use. One‐year mortality was especially high for persons with prevalent dementia and any NH use (30% vs 13% for those with no NH use); 58% of all deaths among persons with prevalent dementia occurred while a NH resident.ConclusionsFindings suggest reductions in NH use could result from quality alternatives to NH admission, both among persons with MCI and persons with dementia, together with suitable options for end‐of‐life care among persons with prevalent dementia.
Structured advice provided by a dietitian increases adherence of consumers to diet and lifestyle changes and lowers blood low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol: the Increasing Adherence of Consumers to Diet & Lifestyle Changes to Lower (LDL) Cholesterol (ACT) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sialvera T. E. , Papadopoulou A. , Efstathiou S. P. , Trautwein E. A. , Ras R. T. , Kollia N. , Farajian P. , Goumas G. , Dimakopoulos I. , Papavasiliou K. , Koutsouri A. , Zampelas A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from healthcare professionals suggest that consumer compliance to healthy diet and lifestyle changes is often poor. The present study investigated the effect of advice provided by a physician or dietitian on consumer adherence to these measures combined with consuming foods with added plant sterols (PS) with the aim of lowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C).MethodsOne hundred mildly‐to‐moderately hypercholesterolaemic individuals were enrolled into a parallel, randomised, placebo‐controlled study. Dietitians (dietitian group; DG) advised 50 individuals in six weekly face‐to‐face behavioural therapy sessions, whereas the other 50 received standard advice from physicians (physician group, PG). Both groups consumed foods with added PS (three servings a day) for 6 weeks. Subsequently, all individuals were followed‐up for another 6 weeks under real‐life conditions. Blood lipids were measured at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 and 3‐day diet diaries were taken at weeks 1, 6 and 12.ResultsIndividuals in the DG significantly improved their dietary habits, physical activity and increased PS intake compared to the PG. After 6 weeks, LDL‐C decreased in both groups compared to baseline without any significant differences between groups. At week 12, LDL‐C was further significantly improved only in the DG (P = 0.006) compared to week 6. Total cholesterol, LDL‐C and triglycerides were significantly lower in the DG compared to the PG at week 12 after adjusting for levels at week 6 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough structured counselling by dietitians and common standard advice by physicians were equally effective with respect to improving blood cholesterol after 6 weeks, dietitians were more effective in the longer‐term (i.e. 6 weeks after the end of the intervention period).
Profitability, Value, and Stock Returns in Production‐Based Asset Pricing without Frictions
Authors: BALVERS RONALD J. , GU LI , HUANG DAYONG 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a production‐based asset pricing model without adjustment costs and with decreasing returns to scale following Brock (1982), stock returns at the firm level are determined by profitability, the book‐to‐market ratio, and the change in future profitability prospects. Although firms with low book‐to‐market ratios are normally more profitable and profitable firms are predicted to have higher returns, the stylized fact that book‐to‐market ratios positively forecast returns still holds theoretically, but with specific predicted exceptions. These implications are confirmed empirically.