bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving HSAPO‐34 Methanol‐to‐Olefin Turnover Capacity by Seeding the Hydrocarbon Pool
Authors: Bollini Praveen , Bhan Aditya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeeding the hydrocarbon pool before exposure to methanol ensures the presence of active olefinic and aromatic chain carriers in the HSAPO‐34 cavity before the first methanol‐to‐olefin turnover. The primordial hydrocarbon pool enables the introduction, at low turnover numbers, of chain propagation steps that compete with methanol transfer dehydrogenation‐mediated chain termination steps, thereby increasing the fraction of converted methanol used for productive turnovers during methanol‐to‐olefin catalysis over HSAPO‐34. Seeding the hydrocarbon pool results, concurrently, in higher light‐olefin yields and lower rates of carbon loss. The increasing relative preponderance of methanol transfer dehydrogenation steps with increasing methanol pressure renders seeding more effective at higher methanol pressures. Under the conditions used in this study, seeding appears to accelerate the buildup of the hydrocarbon pool without significantly altering its composition. The results reported here outline a strategy for mitigating the deleterious effects of methanol transfer dehydrogenation reactions while reemphasizing their primacy in effecting catalyst deactivation during methanol‐to‐olefins conversion.
Influence of Ammonia Flow on Microstructural Properties of Polar GaN Layers Grown by HTVPE on Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Barchuk Mykhailo , Motylenko Mykhaylo , Lukin Gleb , Röder Christian , Pätzold Olf , Rafaja David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this contribution, the correlation between the microstructure of thin gallium nitride films and the ammonia flow applied during their growth by high‐temperature vapor phase epitaxy is described. The films were grown directly on (001)‐oriented sapphire substrates. Their microstructure was investigated using high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The ammonia flow was found to affect the residual stress, the density of threading dislocations, the density of basal‐plane stacking faults and the density of inversion domain boundaries. It is shown that the ammonia flow is an important parameter of the deposition process that can be used to reduce concurrently the residual stress and the density of microstructure defects.
Electrocatalytic Alloys for CO2 Reduction
Authors: He Jingfu , Johnson Noah J. J. , Huang Aoxue , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectrochemically reducing CO2 using renewable energy is a contemporary global challenge that will only be met with electrocatalysts capable of efficiently converting CO2 into fuels and chemicals with high selectivity. Although many different metals and morphologies have been tested for CO2 electrocatalysis over the last several decades, relatively limited attention has been committed to the study of alloys for this application. Alloying is a promising method to tailor the geometric and electric environments of active sites. The parameter space for discovering new alloys for CO2 electrocatalysis is particularly large because of the myriad products that can be formed during CO2 reduction. In this Minireview, mixed‐metal electrocatalyst compositions that have been evaluated for CO2 reduction are summarized. A distillation of the structure–property relationships gleaned from this survey are intended to help in the construction of guidelines for discovering new classes of alloys for the CO2 reduction reaction.
Approaches to Electrolyte Solvent Selection for Poly‐Anthraquinone Sulfide Organic Electrode Material
Authors: Phadke Satyajit , Cao Mingli , Anouti Mérièm 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrganic materials such as polyanthraquinone sulfide (PAQS) are receiving increased attention as electrodes for energy storage systems owing to their good environmental compatibility, high rate capability, and large charge‐storage capacity. However, one of their limitations is the solubility in organic solvents typically composing the electrolytes. Here, the solubility of PAQS was tested in 17 different solvents using UV/Vis spectroscopy. The results show that PAQS exhibits a very wide range of solubility according to the nature of the solvent and the obtained trend agrees well with the predictions from Hansen solubility analysis. Furthermore, the transport properties (conductivity, σ, and viscosity, η) of selected electrolytes composed of non‐solubilising solvents with 1 m LiTFSI are compared and discussed in the temperature range from −40 °C to 80 °C. In the second part of this study, the electrochemical characterization of PAQS as electrode material in selected pure or mixture of solvents with 1 m LiTFSI as salt was made in half‐cells by a galvanostatic method. In a methylglutaronitrile (2MeGLN)‐based electrolyte that exhibits low solubility of PAQS, it appears that the capacity fade is intricately linked to the large irreversibility of the second step of the redox process. Although the standard cyclic carbonate solvents mixture (ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate) led to rapid capacity fade in the initial 10–15 cycles owing to their high solubilising ability. Finally, it is shown that a pure linear alkylcarbonate (dimethyl carbonate) or binary mixture of ether‐based (dioxolane/dimethoxy ethane) electrolyte is much more compatible for enhanced capacity retention in PAQS with more than 120 mAh g−1 for 1000 cycles at 4 C.
VS4 Nanoparticles Anchored on Graphene Sheets as a High‐Rate and Stable Electrode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Pang Qiang , Zhao Yingying , Yu Yanhao , Bian Xiaofei , Wang Xudong , Wei Yingjin , Gao Yu , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe size and conductivity of the electrode materials play a significant role in the kinetics of sodium‐ion batteries. Various characterizations reveal that size‐controllable VS4 nanoparticles can be successfully anchored on the surface of graphene sheets (GSs) by a simple cationic‐surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal method. When used as an electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries, these VS4@GS nanocomposites show large specific capacity (349.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles), excellent long‐term stability (84 % capacity retention after 1200 cycles), and high rate capability (188.1 mAh g−1 at 4000 mA g−1). A large proportion of the capacity was contributed by capacitive processes. This remarkable electrochemical performance was attributed to synergistic interactions between nanosized VS4 particles and a highly conductive graphene network, which provided short diffusion pathways for Na+ ions and large contact areas between the electrolyte and electrode, resulting in considerably improved electrochemical kinetic properties.
Web of cybersecurity: Linking, locating, and discovering structured cybersecurity information
Authors: Takahashi Takeshi , Panta Bhola , Kadobayashi Youki , Nakao Koji 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCybersecurity is one of the main concerns of many organizations today, and accessibility to cybersecurity information in a timely manner is crucial to maintaining cybersecurity. Various repositories of cybersecurity‐related information are publicly available on the Internet. However, users are unaware of many of them, and it is impractical for them to keep track of all of them. Cybersecurity information stored in these repositories must be able to be located and accessed by the parties who need it. To address this issue, this paper proposes a mechanism of linking, locating, and discovering various cybersecurity information to improve its accessibility in a timely manner. This mechanism allows us to locate various cybersecurity information having different schemata by generating metadata with which a list of cybersecurity information is managed. The information structure incorporated in this mechanism is unique, and it makes our mechanism flexible and extensible. The structure consists of categories and formats that are linked to each other. The mechanism can propagate information updates to minimize the risk of obsolete information. This paper also introduces a prototype of the mechanism to demonstrate its feasibility, and it analyzes the mechanism's extensibility, scalability, and information credibility. Through this study, we aim to improve the accessibility of cybersecurity information on the Internet and facilitate information sharing beyond organizational borders, with the eventual goal of creating a web of cybersecurity.
Joint DOA and Doppler frequency estimation of coherent and/or same‐direction signals
Authors: Shan Zebiao , Liu Xiaosong , Wang Chunyang , Shi Hongwei , Shi Yaowu 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe smart antenna is one of the most attractive technologies in mobile communications. In this paper, a modified 2D multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm based on eigenspace is presented to jointly estimate the directions of arrival and Doppler frequencies for the coherent and/or same‐direction signals. First, a modified 2D MUSIC (MMUSIC) algorithm is provided using the conjugate data to cope with the estimation for the case of coherent signals and/or same‐direction signals. Then on this basis, we derive an eigenspace‐based MMUSIC (ES‐MMUSIC) algorithm, which uses the information of both signal and noise subspaces. The ES‐MMUSIC algorithm can also estimate signals power. Besides, this method has no influence on directions of arrival and Doppler frequencies estimation of uncorrelated signals; in the meanwhile, the computational complexity will have no obvious increase as well. Finally, the results of several contrastive numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the ES‐MMUSIC algorithm compared with the MMUSIC algorithm.
Effect of mother's voice on neonatal respiratory activity and EEG delta amplitude
Authors: Uchida Mariko O. , Arimitsu Takeshi , Yatabe Kiyomi , Ikeda Kazushige , Takahashi Takao , Minagawa Yasuyo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile the influence of the mother's voice on neonatal heart‐rate response and its relevant activity on cerebral cortex and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are well known, few studies have assessed its influence on respiratory activity. We investigated the relationship among the respiration rate, the delta wave amplitudes through electroencephalography, and the basal state of ANS through the respiratory variability index while 22 full‐term neonates hear their mother's voice and an unknown voice. It was found that when respiratory variability was large, a transient (<5 s) change in respiration rates was observed in response to an unknown voice, while a greater increase in the delta wave amplitude was observed in the frontal lobe than the parietal one in response to the mother's voice. Conversely, when respiratory variability was small, a sustained increase (>10 s) in respiration rates was observed in response to the mother's voice, while a greater increase in the delta wave amplitude was found in both the frontal and parietal lobes. These results suggest that the basal state of ANS influences the latency of increases in respiration rates. Furthermore, induced by the mother's voice, transient increases in respiration rates are reduced in association with frontal lobe activity, and sustained increases in respiration rates are promoted in association with frontal and parietal lobe activities.
Eating pathology in midlife women: Similar or different to younger counterparts?
Authors: Jenkins Paul E. , Price Tom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined potential similarities and differences between women with eating disorders (EDs) in midlife and their younger counterparts.MethodSeven hundred and three women assessed by a specialist eating disorder service were divided into three groups based on age (18–25, 25–40, and 40+) and compared on a number of clinical and demographic measures. Distribution of ED diagnoses was also examined between groups.ResultsMidlife women were less likely to receive a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and more likely to receive a diagnosis of binge‐eating disorder than their younger counterparts. Duration of illness was longer and age of ED onset later in the midlife group but no differences were seen on measures of global ED pathology, psychosocial impairment, or psychological distress.DiscussionThis study adds to the developing literature concerning EDs in midlife women, although further work is needed to support the findings presented here and to examine profiles of males presenting to treatment centers.
Changing methodology results in operational drift in the meaning of leaf area index, necessitating implementation of foliage layer index
Authors: Rapson Gillian L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) was developed to describe the number of layers of foliage in a monoculture. Subsequent expansion into measurement by remote‐sensing methods has resulted in misrepresentation of LAI. The new name foliage layer index (FLI) is applied to a more simply estimated version of Goodall's “cover repetition,” that is, the number of layers of foliage a single species has, either within a community or in monoculture. The relationship of FLI with cover is demonstrated in model communities, and some potential relationships between FLI and species’ habit are suggested. FLIcomm is a new formulation for the number of layers of foliage in a mixed‐species’ community. LAI should now be reserved for remote‐sensing applications in mixed communities, where it is probably a nonlinear measure of the density of light‐absorbing pigments.
Separating the effects of water quality and urbanization on temperate insectivorous bats at the landscape scale
Authors: Li Han , Kalcounis‐Rueppell Matina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany local scale studies have shown that bats respond to water quality degradation or urbanization in a species‐specific manner. However, few have separated the effects of urbanization versus water quality degradation on bats, in single city or single watershed case studies. Across North Carolina, USA, we used the standardized North American Bat Monitoring Program mobile transect protocol to survey bat activity in 2015 and 2016 at 41 sites. We collected statewide water quality and urban land cover data to disentangle the effects of urbanization and water quality degradation on bats at the landscape scale. We found that statewide, water quality degradation and urbanization were not correlated. We found that bats responded to water quality degradation and urbanization independently at the landscape scale. Eptesicus fuscus and Lasiurus cinereus negatively responded to water quality degradation. Lasiurus borealis and Perimyotis subflavus positively responded to water quality degradation. Lasionycteris noctivagans did not respond to water quality degradation but was more active in more urbanized areas. Tadarida brasiliensis positively responded to urbanization and was less active in areas with degraded water quality. We show that bat–water quality relationships found at the local scale are evident at a landscape scale. We confirm that bats are useful bioindicators for both urbanization and water quality degradation. We suggest that water quality can be used to predict the presence of bat species of conservation concern, such as P. subflavus, in areas where it has not been studied locally.
Offspring of older parents are smaller—but no less bilaterally symmetrical—than offspring of younger parents in the aquatic plant Lemna turionifera
Authors: Ankutowicz Eric J. , Laird Robert A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOffspring quality decreases with parental age in many taxa, with offspring of older parents exhibiting reduced life span, reproductive capacity, and fitness, compared to offspring of younger parents. These “parental age effects,” whose consequences arise in the next generation, can be considered as manifestations of parental senescence, in addition to the more familiar age‐related declines in parent‐generation survival and reproduction. Parental age effects are important because they may have feedback effects on the evolution of demographic trajectories and longevity. In addition to altering the timing of offspring life‐history milestones, parental age effects can also have a negative impact on offspring size, with offspring of older parents being smaller than offspring of younger parents. Here, we consider the effects of advancing parental age on a different aspect of offspring morphology, body symmetry. In this study, we followed all 403 offspring of 30 parents of a bilaterally symmetrical, clonally reproducing aquatic plant species, Lemna turionifera, to test the hypothesis that successive offspring become less symmetrical as their parent ages, using the “Continuous Symmetry Measure” as an index. Although successive offspring of aging parents older than one week became smaller and smaller, we found scant evidence for any reduction in bilateral symmetry.
Detection and persistence of environmental DNA from an invasive, terrestrial mammal
Authors: Williams Kelly E. , Huyvaert Kathryn P. , Vercauteren Kurt C. , Davis Amy J. , Piaggio Antoinette J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInvasive Sus scrofa, a species commonly referred to as wild pig or feral swine, is a destructive invasive species with a rapidly expanding distribution across the United States. We used artificial wallows and small waterers to determine the minimum amount of time needed for pig eDNA to accumulate in the water source to a detectable level. We removed water from the artificial wallows and tested eDNA detection over the course of 2 weeks to understand eDNA persistence. We show that our method is sensitive enough to detect very low quantities of eDNA shed by a terrestrial mammal that has limited interaction with water. Our experiments suggest that the number of individuals shedding into a water system can affect persistence of eDNA. Use of an eDNA detection technique can benefit management efforts by providing a sensitive method for finding even small numbers of individuals that may be elusive using other methods.
Magnetization Reversal of Nd‐Fe‐B Thin Film under a Nanosecond Pulse Magnetic Field
Authors: KADONOSAWA KAZUYA , KIKUCHI NOBUAKI , GOTO RYOTA , OKAMOTO SATOSHI , KITAKAMI OSAMU 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYThe magnetization reversal process of Nd‐Fe‐B magnets has been long discussed. Since the elemental steps of the magnetization reversal process such as a nucleation of reversed embryo and a wall depinning are the events as small as nanometer scale and as fast as nano/sub‐nanosecond time scale, the study on the magnetization reversal with these space and time regions is essentially important. In this work, a generation of large amplitude nanosecond pulse field and a fabrication of Nd‐Fe‐B nanodot were examined, and then the magnetization reversal process of the Nd‐Fe‐B nanodot under the nanosecond pulse field was investigated. Combination of a Blumlein transmission line and a micro‐coil enables to generate a pulse field of 0.87 T in amplitude and 6 ns in width. It was clearly demonstrated that the reversed domain evolution in the dot under the pulse field was quite different from that under the static field, probably owing to the dispersion of energy barrier of each elemental magnetization reversal step.
The benefits of studying immigration for social psychology
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis Agenda article argues that studying the continuing world‐wide migration and the resulting cultural diversity has specific benefits for social psychology: it raises new questions for the field, introduces new topics of research, and challenges conventional ways of thinking. The argument is developed in relation to four issues. The first one relates to the literature on ethnic and civic nationhood and the importance for social psychology to study citizenship and lay understandings of genetics. The second issue relates to the social psychological literature on threat and prejudice and the relative lack of interest in prosocial behavior and intergroup toleration. Third, the limiting implications of the majority–minority schematic framework that dominates in social psychology are discussed. Finally, the relevance of studying immigration for the evidentiary value movement that has developed in response to the current ‘crisis’ in (social) psychology is discussed.
Nickel/Copper Bilayer‐modified Screen Printed Electrode for Glucose Determination in Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Salazar P. , Rico V. , González‐Elipe Agustín R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work reports about the performance of a Ni/Cu‐modified screen printed electrodes (SPE/Ni/Cu), prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) in an oblique angle configuration (OAD), for non‐enzymatic glucose sensing applications. SPE/Ni/Cu electrodes showed an excellent reversibility and a catalytic behavior for detection of glucose that were controlled by the diffusion of reactants up to the active sites at the electrode surface. The study with a flow injection analysis (FIA) setup of the main experimental variables affecting the detection process has shown that the developed electrode system had an excellent glucose sensitivity of 1.04 A M−1cm−2 (R2:0.999), a linear response up to 1 mM, a limit of detection of 0.33 μM and a time of analysis of ca. 30 s per sample. The selectivity of the sensor was checked against various interferences, including ascorbic acid, uric acid, acetaminophen and other sugars, in all cases with excellent results. The feasibility of using this sensor for practical applications was successfully confirmed by determining the glucose concentration in different commercial beverages.
Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Silver Nanodendrites Implemented in Polylactide‐Thiacalix[4]arene Copolymer for the Electrochemical Determination of Tryptophan
Authors: Porifreva A. V. , Gorbatchuk V. V. , Evtugyn V. G. , Stoikov I. I. , Evtugyn G. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by new polymeric materials obtained from oligolactides by cross‐linking with tetracarboxylated thiacalix[4]arene in cone, partial cone and 1,3‐alternate configurations and then silver was deposited by potential cycling in the pores of the polymer film. The modified electrode showed highly sensitive and selective signal toward tryptophan which was irreversibly oxidized on the coating due to Ag+ assisted accumulation in the surface layer. The role of macrocycle configuration and conditions for Ag nanodendrites formation are described. Granulation of the polymer films caused by the macrocycles improves both the conditions for silver deposition and tryptophan determination. The electrochemical sensor developed makes it possible to determine from 0.1 to 100 μM of tryptophan with the limit of detection down to 0.03 μM. No interference with oxidation of other amino acids (phenylalanine, histidine, cysteine and tyrosine) was found. The electrochemical sensor developed was validated in the determination of tryptophan sedative medication “Formula of calmness” in the presence of vitamins B5 and B6.