bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoughts on the Etyma for ‘Corpse’ in Gyalrongic Languages*
Authors: Lai Yunfan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the four distinct native terms for ‘corpse’ attested in Gyalrongic languages. Through comparative analysis, it establishes the sound correspondences among cognates and proposes preliminary reconstructions. In a second step, it hypothesises on the origins of the etyma by examining potential cognates in other Sino‐Tibetan languages. Two shared innovations can be found in the etyma for ‘corpse’. First, the Situ form *m‐g[á]m is an innovated compound meaning ‘a person that is killed’; and second, the etymon *rə̆.quʶ is a shared innovation of Horpa and Tangut. By analysing the etymologies above, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of sound correspondences and changes within the Sino‐Tibetan language family. Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate the crucial role that etymological studies play in historical linguistics and language subgrouping. Despite their importance, such studies have not yet received sufficient attention from scholars specialising in Sino‐Tibetan languages.
Diet acts on sexual behavior development in a male moth
Authors: Force Evan , Suray Caroline , Monsempes Christelle , Danis Chloé , Bonfils Gabrielle , Debernard Stéphane , Dacher Matthieu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn many animals, drastic changes are observed during sexual maturation characterized by the reproductive system development concomitantly to the sexual behavior ontogenesis. These modifications are under the control of internal and external factors such as food. Sexual maturation requires considerable energetic investment, and diet has been shown to affect reproductive activities in many taxonomic groups, especially in insects and vertebrates. By contrast, diet effects on sexual behavior development remain largely unexplored. To elucidate this aspect, we used the male moth Agrotis ipsilon which undergoes sexual maturation occurring between the third and the fifth day postemergence. During this period, males are sensitive to female sex pheromones and a stereotypical sexual behavior characterized by female‐oriented flight takes place. In our study, we compared (1) sex pheromone detection by electroantennography recordings and (2) behavioral response in wind tunnel assays between males fed with different diets found in nature. Compared to standard sucrose diet, males fed with sucrose, fructose, and glucose supplemented with sodium (a mineral element necessary for the locomotor activity in several moths) did not respond better to female sex pheromones but clearly exhibited an earlier behavioral response. Thus, such a diet accelerates the development of sex pheromone‐mediated oriented flight, probably by facilitating the central processing of sex pheromone information in male A. ipsilon moths. Our results provide new information on the influence of nutritional intake on the ontogenesis of male sexual behavior in animals.
Review article: Measuring disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease – Beyond treat to target
Authors: Swaminathan Akhilesh , Day Andrew S. , Sparrow Miles P. , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Siegel Corey A. , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) follows a heterogenous disease course and predicting a patient's prognosis is challenging. There is a wide burden of illness in IBD and existing tools measure disease activity at a snapshot in time. Comprehensive assessment of IBD severity should incorporate disease activity, prognosis, and the impacts of disease on a patient. This review investigates the concept of disease severity in adults with IBD to highlight key components contributing to this.MethodsTo perform this narrative review, a Medline search was conducted for full‐text articles available at 1st March 2024 using search terms which encompassed disease activity assessment, disease severity, prognosis, natural history of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and the burden of IBD.ResultsCurrent methods of disease assessment in IBD have evolved from a focus on the burden of symptoms to one that includes inflammatory targets, genetic, serological, and proteomic profiles, and assessments of quality‐of‐life (QoL), disability, and psychosocial health. Longitudinal studies of IBD suggest that the burden of illness is driven by disease phenotype, clinical markers of complicated disease course (previous intestinal resection, corticosteroid use, perianal disease in CD, recent hospitalisations in UC), gut inflammation, and the impact of IBD on the patient.ConclusionsDisease severity in IBD can be difficult to conceptualise due to the multitude of factors that contribute to IBD outcomes. Measurement of IBD severity may better encapsulate the full burden of illness rather than gut inflammation alone at a single timepoint and may be associated with longitudinal outcomes.
Review article: Novel therapies in inflammatory bowel disease – An update for clinicians
Authors: Noor Nurulamin M. , Bourke Aoibh , Subramanian Sreedhar 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundSeveral new treatments including small molecules and biologics have been approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in recent years. Clinicians and patients now have a wide variety of therapeutic options to choose from and these novel therapies provide several advantages including oral administration, lower immunogenicity, better selectivity and arguably better safety profiles. An increase in treatment options has increased the complexity of decision‐making. Both patients and clinicians have had to become rapidly familiar with efficacy of new medications balanced against a range of pre‐initiation requirements, dosing schedules and adverse event profiles.AimsTo provide a simple guide to practising clinicians on recently approved and emerging therapies and address key challenges around treatment strategies such as optimal sequencing and timing of treatment.MethodsWe comprehensively searched the published literature and major conference abstracts to identify phase III placebo‐controlled and active comparator trials for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.ResultsData for recently approved therapies including selective Janus kinase inhibitors, sphingosine‐1 receptor modulators and p19 interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitors have demonstrated improved patient outcomes in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Further comparative head‐to‐head studies have improved our understanding of when and how to optimally use newer therapies, specifically for IL‐23 inhibitors. Data for emerging treatment options and novel treatment strategies such as early effective treatment, combinations of treatments and implications for sequencing are continuing to transform IBD care continually.ConclusionsRecently approved novel therapies have expanded the range of medical options available to treat IBD. However, further data from long‐term extension studies, real‐world studies and head‐to‐head trials are warranted to better inform the long‐term safety and optimal sequencing of treatments for patients living with IBD.
Beyond the First Child: Unveiling the Reasons Behind Stopping Childbearing in Iran
Authors: Sadeghi‐Dinani Naeemeh , Moeeni Maryam , Amini‐Rarani Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe determinants of the intention to stop childbearing tend to differ over time and contexts. This allows the issue of families' childbearing intentions to continually remain on the research agenda. As societal context and temporal variability will matter for second childbearing intentions, this study aimed at uncovering the reasons behind the intentions to stop childbearing from one‐child mothers' perspective.MethodA qualitative descriptive study in Isfahan City, Iran, was used to scrutinize reasons behind the unwillingness to have a second pregnancy. A purposeful sampling with maximum variation was used to select one‐child mothers. Until reaching saturation, 48 semistructured interviews were conducted. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.ResultsFive themes and 19 subthemes emerged from the data analysis as structural attributes (economic, social and political conditions), parental attributes (parental (dis)agreements, childrearing troubles, having impatience and being at the inappropriate age for childbearing), husband attributes (having the intention to stop parenting, financially and emotionally nonsupportive and being busy by working), maternal attributes (health‐related problems, adverse experience during former pregnancy, being employed, self‐compassion, the fear of parity progression and being pessimistic) and child attributes (having a naughty child and having the physical or mental distress of the first child).ConclusionOverall, findings highlight the multifaceted nature of factors influencing second childbearing intentions. Structural reasons at macro level, intrafamily relationship, mothers' self‐related factors and challenges of raising the first child all play distinct roles in discouraging mothers from a second child intention. Understanding these key reasons can help policymakers, researchers and individuals alike to comprehend the complexities involved in family planning and fertility decisions.
Improving theories of change in conservation projects
Authors: Leisher Craig , Bugan Richard , Ngo Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTheory of change has become a common tool in project design because it helps teams agree on hypothesized causal pathways to a desired goal and examine their underlying assumptions. Yet, a consensus has not emerged on the specific steps and components of a theory of change. What constitutes a theory of change? Using 22 theory of change publications, we did a structured analysis of the components of a theory of change. Where there was substantial agreement among the publications on a specific component of a theory of change, we included it in the first iteration of our approach. We then ordered the components in a logical sequence, developed guidance for each component, tested them with project teams, and revised them in an iterative process. We tested and refined our guidance over 3 years with 73 teams from 18 countries. Here, we share our learning and recommendations for those interested in developing a robust theory of change for a conservation project.
Assessing Left Atrial Appendage Functions by Transesophageal Echocardiography and Speckle Tracking Imaging to Predict Recurring Atrial Fibrillation Post‐Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Hao Xinyu , Li Wei , Zhang Qunying , Cao Le , Wang Jinshu , Guo Ling , Zhang Qiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo predict recurring atrial fibrillation (AF) following radiofrequency catheter ablation by assessing the attributes of the left atrium and the left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA) using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and speckle tracking imaging.MethodsThe structural and functional indices of the LA and LAA of 80 patients with AF who underwent preoperative transthoracic echocardiography and TEE were measured. Recurrence was recorded postoperatively at 3, 6, and 12 months. The independent determinants of recurring AF were identified by logistic regression, and their optimum cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity were estimated from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe recurrent and nonrecurrent groups comprised 17 and 63 patients, respectively. The LA internal diameter, LA end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes, LAA length, diameter and area of the opening of the LAA, and LAA end‐diastolic volume were higher in the recurrent group. The LA strain in the reservoir phase, the ejection fraction and filling velocity of the LAA, the LAA emptying velocity (LAAeV), and the LAA strain (LAAS) reduced considerably. Multifactorial regression analyses demonstrated that the LAAeV and LAAS were independent determinants of recurring AF. ROC curve analysis revealed that the LAAeV and LAAS predicted postoperative recurrence at 34.5 cm/s (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.954, sensitivity: 94.1%, and specificity: 92.1%) and 11.61% (AUC: 0.925, sensitivity: 82.4%, and specificity: 95.2%), respectively, while the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the combined predictors (LAAeV + LAAS) were 0.978, 94.1%, and 93.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe LAAeV and LAAS independently influenced the postoperative recurrence of AF.
Intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials distinguish participants with unmedicated depression from non‐depressed controls
Authors: Kangas Elina S. , Li Xueqiao , Vuoriainen Elisa , Lindeman Sari , Astikainen Piia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDepression is a heterogeneous syndrome that impacts an individual's emotional, social, cognitive and bodily functioning. Depression is associated with biases in emotional processing, but alterations in basic sensory processing have received less attention in depression research. Here, we measured event‐related potentials (ERPs) in response to changes in the intensity of auditory stimuli and the location of somatosensory stimuli in participants with depression and in non‐depressed control participants. We tested whether auditory mismatch negativity, P3a or N1 intensity dependence response or somatosensory mismatch response, P3a, P50 or N80 can dissociate depressed participants and non‐depressed controls, and we also analysed the effects of depression medication and age in this sample. N1 intensity dependence response was increased in unmedicated depressed participants relative to non‐depressed controls. When age was controlled for in the analysis, the effect of depression was only at a trend level. N1 intensity dependence response correlated with depression severity at the whole sample level. We did not observe any depression‐related alterations in auditory mismatch negativity or P3a or somatosensory ERPs. Our results may reflect an association between the N1 intensity dependence response and altered neurotransmitter activity in depression, but this should be confirmed in future studies.
Low field magnetic resonance imaging of palmar osteochondral fragmentation of the distal phalanx
Authors: Drumond B. , Schramme M. , Thomas‐Cancian A. , Ségard‐Weisse E. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe presence of palmar osteochondral fragments of the distal phalanx is a newly recognised cause of foot lameness with only a few cases having been reported.ObjectivesTo describe the low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of palmar articular fragmentation of the distal phalanx and concurrent abnormalities of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ); to investigate the prevalence of these fragments in a population of sports and pleasure horses and their potential clinical significance.Study designRetrospective descriptive case series.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive case series in which all Sports and Pleasure horses undergoing standing low‐field MRI of the feet between 2015 and 2023 were reviewed. Appearance, location and number of palmar articular fragments were recorded. When a palmar fragment was present, abnormal findings of the DIPJ were graded.ResultsA total of 855 horses underwent MRI examination of one or both front feet. Palmar osteochondral fragmentation of the distal phalanx was identified in four horses (0.4% prevalence), three Lusitanos and one Warmblood. The age range was 4–17 years old. All fragments were located along the palmarolateral margin of the glenoid of the distal phalanx in front feet. Concurrent imaging abnormalities of the joint were present in all four horses.Main limitationsLack of histopathology.ConclusionsThe prevalence of palmar articular fragments of the distal phalanx was low in this population of horses. Palmar osteochondral fragmentation must be considered when evaluating lameness localised to the foot, since it was identified only in lame limbs and associated with other imaging abnormalities of the DIPJ.
Medication of the cervical spinal nerves for the treatment of equine cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Wood A. D. , Sinovich M. , Parker R. A. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundSeveral perineural injection techniques have been described to medicate the cervical spinal nerves of horses with suspected radiculopathy due to lesions at the intervertebral foramen (IVF). The technique and outcome have never been described in live, standing horses with suspected clinical disease.ObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of medication of the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves (VRCSNs) for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy in horses.Study designCase series.MethodsHorses that underwent ultrasound‐guided perineural injection of the VRCSNs following radiographic and/or computed tomography (CT) evaluation of the cervical spine were included. Perineural injection with corticosteroids was performed using a standardised technique under ultrasound guidance as previously described. Outcome data were collected by clinical record review and unstructured follow‐up telephone conversations.ResultsForty‐seven injections of the VRCSNs were performed in 12 horses with only two self‐limiting adverse reactions noted. All horses that underwent CT examination had at least one site of IVF narrowing with the foramina at the C6/C7 articulation most frequently affected. Nine horses improved following medication of the VRCSNs with eight returning to their previous levels of exercise. All seven horses that underwent CT of the cervical spine had an initial improvement in clinical signs. Six horses were in full work and still performing at their intended level of exercise at a median of 21.5 months post injection.Main limitationsLack of definitive diagnosis of spinal nerve compression without histopathology of the spinal nerves which is not possible in the live horse.ConclusionsMedication of the VRCSNs is a safe treatment option which may provide benefit to horses with suspected spinal nerve compression but should be reserved for horses that have undergone a detailed clinical examination and CT evaluation of the cervical spine.
Study protocol of the safe driving program for the prevention of car accidents: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Shimada Hiroyuki , Ishii Hideaki , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Kurita Satoshi , Arai Hidenori 
Published: October 2024

AimDriving cessation is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Although numerous studies have focused on driving skill interventions for safe driving, the effects of interventions on car accidents remain unclear. We designed a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of driving skill training on the prevention of car accidents among community‐dwelling older adults using on‐road training.MethodsA total of 1408 community‐dwelling older drivers aged ≥65 years participated in the randomized controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment. Participants randomized to the intervention group (n = 697) underwent four sessions, with 200 min re‐training focused on the problem of driving in the older people. Controls (n = 697) received one classroom education session. On‐road driving performance was assessed by certified driving school instructors in a driving school. The primary endpoint is an incident car accident, which will be detected based on the Japanese national car accident report data, after 24 months.DiscussionThis study has the potential to provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of on‐road driving skill training regarding the prevention of car accidents. If our trial results show a lower number of car accidents due to driving skill training, this kind of intervention will provide an effective method for maintaining safe driving. These results will be disseminated to the appropriate national transportation agencies to improve or modify safe driving policies and possibly extend the validity of driver's licenses for older adults.Trial RegistrationUMIN‐CTR (identification number: UMIN000034709). Registered 31 October 2018. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1218–1222.
Accuracy of the LaserSAFE technique for detecting positive surgical margins during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: blind assessment and inter‐rater agreement analysis
Authors: Almeida‐Magana Ricardo , Au Matthew , Al‐Hammouri Tarek , Mathew Manju , Dinneen Kate , Mendes Larissa S T , Dinneen Eoin , Vreuls Willem , Shaw Greg , Freeman Alex , Haider Aiman 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and objectivesFluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is a new imaging modality capable of generating digital microscopic resolution scans of fresh surgical specimens, and holds potential as an alternative to frozen section (FS) analysis for intra‐operative assessment of surgical margins. Previously, we described the LaserSAFE technique as an application of FCM for margin assessment in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the Histolog® scanner. This study describes the accuracy and inter‐rater agreement of FCM imaging compared to corresponding paraffin‐embedded analysis (PA) among four blinded pathologists for the presence of positive surgical margins (PSM).Materials and methodsRARP specimens from patients enrolled in the control arm of the NeuroSAFE PROOF study (NCT03317990) were analysed from April 2022 to February 2023. Prostate specimens were imaged using the Histolog® scanner before formalin fixation and PA. Four trained assessors, blinded to PA, reviewed and analysed FCM images of the posterolateral prostatic surface.ResultsA total of 31 prostate specimens were included in the study. PA per lateral side of the prostate identified 11 instances of positive margins. Among the four histopathologists included in our study, FCM achieved a sensitivity of 73–91 and specificity of 94–100% for the presence of PSM. Fleiss’ Kappa for inter‐rater agreement on PSM was 0.78 (95% confidence interval = 0.64–0.92), indicating substantial agreement.ConclusionThis blinded analysis of FCM versus PA among histopathologists with different experience levels demonstrated high accuracy and substantial inter‐rater agreement for diagnosing PSM. This supports the role of the FCM as an alternative to FS.
Recent Efforts to Improve the Accuracy and Precision of Carbonate Clumped‐Isotope Analysis
Authors: Oikawa Kazuma , Abe Osamu , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe carbonate clumped‐isotope thermometer, a relatively recent innovation, is based on the strong relationship between 13C‐18O bond abundance in carbonates and their formation temperature. It can measure temperatures solely based on the CO2 extracted from carbonates and has attracted attention as it accurately reconstructs surface water temperatures on a geological timescale. However, at the time of development, there were many limitations in its application to paleoenvironmental reconstruction such as the large sample size (10 mg), the complicated organic contaminant removal process, and the lack of internationally recognized carbonate standards, and improvements in the measurement method were required. Here, we review the studies conducted since the thermometer development to improve the accuracy and precision of carbonate clumped‐isotope analysis. Finally, we discuss advanced carbonate clumped‐isotope analysis methods, including laser spectroscopy.
Tasks, wages and new technologies
Authors: Cnossen Femke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the role of technology in shaping worker‐level task prices, exploiting within‐occupation variation using a unique survey linked to administrative data for over 180,000 Dutch workers between 2014 and 2020. Nonroutine abstract and interactive tasks are related to wage premia, and routine tasks to wage penalties. However, these task returns vary according to exposure to the types of (new) technology, such as computers, robots and artificial intelligence. Overall, wages are higher in technology‐intensive industries, but newer technologies target non‐routine tasks differently. This may have profound implications for the nonroutine wage premium given the rise of artificial intelligence.