bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The California Legacy Survey. V. Chromospheric Activity Cycles in Main-sequence Stars
Authors: Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Fulton Benjamin , Petigura Erik A. , Weiss Lauren M. , Kane Stephen R. , Carter Brad , Beard Corey , Giacalone Steven , Van Zandt Judah , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Dai Fei , Chontos Ashley , Polanski Alex S. , Rice Malena , Lubin Jack , Brinkman Casey , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Blunt Sarah , Yee Samuel W. , MacDougall Mason G. , Dalba Paul A. , Tyler Dakotah , Behmard Aida , Angelo Isabel , Pidhorodetska Daria , Mayo Andrew W. , Holcomb Rae , Turtelboom Emma V. , Hill Michelle L. , Bouma Luke G. , Zhang Jingwen , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Saunders Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present optical spectroscopy of 710 solar neighborhood stars collected over 20 years to catalog chromospheric activity and search for stellar activity cycles. The California Legacy Survey stars are amenable to exoplanet detection using precise radial velocities, and we present their Ca ii H and K time series as a proxy for stellar and chromospheric activity. Using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck Observatory, we measured stellar flux in the cores of the Ca ii H and K lines to determine S-values on the Mount Wilson scale and the

log
(

R
HK
′

)

metric, which is comparable across a wide range of spectral types. From the 710 stars, with 52,372 observations, 285 stars were sufficiently sampled to search for stellar activity cycles with periods of 2–25 yr, and 138 stars showed stellar cycles of varying length and amplitude. S-values can be used to mitigate stellar activity in the detection and characterization of exoplanets. We used them to probe stellar dynamos and to place the Sun's magnetic activity into context among solar neighborhood stars. Using precise stellar parameters and time-averaged activity measurements, we found tightly constrained cycle periods as a function of stellar temperature between

log
(

R
HK
′

)

of −4.7 and −4.9, a range of activity in which nearly every star has a periodic cycle. These observations present the largest sample of spectroscopically determined stellar activity cycles to date.
Equations of State, Thermodynamics, and Miscibility Curves for Jovian Planet and Giant Exoplanet Evolutionary Models
Authors: Tejada Arevalo Roberto , Su Yubo , Sur Ankan , Burrows Adam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The equation of state of hydrogen–helium (H–He) mixtures plays a vital role in the evolution and structure of gas giant planets and exoplanets. Recent equations of state that account for H–He interactions, coupled with H–He immiscibility curves, can now produce more physical evolutionary models, such as accounting for helium rain with greater fidelity than in the past. In this work, we present a set of tools for planetary evolution that provides a Python interface for existing tables of useful thermodynamic quantities, state-of-the-art H–He equations of state, and pressure-dependent H–He immiscibility curves. In particular, for a collection of independent variable choices, we provide scripts to calculate the variety of thermodynamic derivatives used to model convection and energy transport. These include the chemical potential derived from the internal energy, which is a modeling necessity in the presence of composition gradients when entropy is the other primary variable. Finally, an entropy-based convection formalism is presented and fully described that highlights the physical differences between adiabatic and isentropic interior models. This centralized resource is meant to facilitate both giant planet structural and evolutionary modeling and the entry of new research groups into the field of giant planet modeling. All tables of thermodynamic quantities and derivatives are available at https://github.com/Rob685/hhe_eos_misc, along with a unified Python interface. Tutorials demonstrating the interface are also available in the repository.
Impact Momentum Transfer—Insights from Numerical Simulation of Impacts on Large Boulders of Asteroids
Authors: Dai Kaiyi , Luo Xi-Zi , Zhu Meng-Hua , Collins Gareth S. , Davison Thomas , Luther Robert , Wünnemann Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Asteroids pose potential hazards to Earth. The recent NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test mission successfully demonstrated the change of an asteroid’s orbit by a kinetic impactor. This study focuses on impact-induced vertical momentum transfer efficiency (β − 1) considering various impact angles and subsurface boulder arrangements. Utilizing the iSALE-3D shock physics code, we simulate oblique impacts on different subsurface boulder configurations. Our results show that vertical ejecta momentum decreases with obliquity, with buried boulders inducing an anti-armoring effect. We define the direct impact-contacted boulder as the primary boulder and the surrounding boulders as secondary. The anti-armoring effect is most pronounced when the primary boulder is just below the surface, amplifying β – 1 by 50%. Impact angles between 60° and 75° exhibit a critical drop in ejecta momentum. An in-depth exploration of subsurface boulder arrangements reveals that secondary boulders have a minimal effect on vertical momentum transfer efficiency. Varying the size and separation of secondary boulders suggests that these subsurface features can either enhance or diminish the overall β − 1, providing insights into the dynamics of rubble-pile asteroids. In addition, impact melting is explored in our simulations, which suggests a minimal melt retention on Dimorphos’s surface. Volumes of retained melt differ by an order of magnitude for impacts on the homogeneous regolith and on targets with buried boulders. In summary, this study provides insights into the effect of subsurface boulders and impact angles on vertical momentum transfer efficiency, which is crucial for understanding asteroid deflection by a kinetic impactor.
The fire hazard preparedness of special needs schools in the North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Raphela Tlou D. , Ndaba Ndivhuwo 
Published: September 2024

Fire disaster preparedness has been reported as critical in schools, especially for schools that have learners with special needs. This study, therefore, through a quantitative research approach, collected data from 88 participants across nine special needs schools (SNS) in the North West Province of South Africa to assess the fire preparedness of these schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The study applied descriptive and inferential statistics using R Statistical Software package to analyse questions that gauged the fire preparedness of the sampled schools. Four generalised linear and one ordinal regression models were applied to the data and found statistically significant differences for some predictors across the four applied GLMs. Significant results were found for the school fire safety management model applied to the Disaster Preparedness Strategy framework (χ2 = 206.7; p = 0.01; R2 = 90.5%). However, a significant difference was only found in the question of early warning systems across the eight predictor variables for the framework.Contribution: The maintenance and recordkeeping model showed significant results in terms of record maintenance and the frequency of fire safety equipment inspections. While compliance with specific fire safety regulations is essential, broader engagement and continuous improvement in early warning systems are necessary for a more resilient disaster preparedness strategy. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding and improving fire hazard preparedness in these schools. The authors therefore recommend intervention from the authorities to assist these schools to prepare for fires.
Understanding the struggle: Unique challenges of adherence in male diabetic patients in Tshwane
Authors: Mokoena Refilwe S.N. , Makhavhu Eugene M. , Tshivhase Livhuwani 
Published: September 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes prevalence is steadily increasing worldwide, and South Africa is one of the countries in Africa with the highest prevalence of this disease, along with other non-communicable diseases. The adherence to treatment in male patients with type 2 diabetes is influenced by their attitudes towards medication and how they perceive their condition. To some extent, these factors impact the treatment outcomes for patients undergoing type 2 diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of male patients with type 2 diabetes on their adherence to diabetic therapy. The study was conducted in the clinics of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan municipality in Gauteng.Methods: This study followed a qualitative, exploratory design. Data were gathered from 15 male patients who were purposefully sampled through in-person, one-on-one interviews with the principal investigator. The eight steps outlined by Tesch were used to analyse the participant data.Results: Emergent themes indicated that there were barriers to adherence to diabetic treatment and also factors that promoted adherence to diabetic treatment among the participants. Several factors were found to affect treatment uptake among the participants.Conclusion: Patients demonstrated various reactions to diabetic treatment, highlighting the need for reinforcing education at the time of diagnosis and treatment initiation. Additionally, regular patient follow-up may be essential to improve adherence among patients.Contribution: The study highlights the importance of health promotion and the need to develop materials for medication-specific counselling for patients receiving diabetic treatment, in order to promote adherence.
Cost-Effectiveness of Decentralized Solid Waste Management Method as Compared to the Centralized Method Implemented Through Urban Local Government in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugiah Porchelvan , Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Ponnaiah Manickam 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
To compare the cost-effectiveness of a newly introduced decentralized method with the existing centralized solid waste management (SWM) method in 2019 in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the costs for the two SWM methods using the bottom-up approach. We ascertained cost centers for the collection, transportation, and processing of solid waste for the two methods. We reviewed the records and collected data to estimate the costs and outputs (waste processed per capita) of the two SWM methods using data abstraction forms for each identified cost center. We calculated the cost and outcome of both methods and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:
The total cost for the decentralized method was ₹121 million (USD 1.72 million), and that of the centralized method was ₹222 million (USD 3.15 million). The cost per capita of SWM in one year was lesser for the decentralized (₹526) as compared to the centralized method (₹612). The cost per metric tonne (MT) of SWM in decentralized and centralized methods was ₹5595 and ₹4683, respectively. The ICER lies in the right lower quadrant (ICER: 1.2375), indicating that the decentralized method was cost-effective.

Conclusion:
Solid waste processing by the decentralized method is cost-effective as compared to the centralized processing method in terms of waste processed per capita. We recommend the civic bodies to adopt the decentralized method with sufficient allocation of resources for efficient SWM. Furthermore, this will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also have a positive impact on climate change mitigation.
Pretransplantation Cardiac Workup of the Kidney Transplant Recipient for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Trivedi Mayuri , Siodia Kayan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases globally, a greater number of CKD patients are surviving to become end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and avail kidney transplantation as means of therapy. Furthermore, with the global mismatch of demand and supply of organs, a large number of ESKD patients remain on the waitlist of deceased donor renal transplantation for longer times. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rises exponentially with advancing stages of CKD. The elevated risk in these patients also accounts for CVD as the leading cause of mortality in these patients as compared to the underlying kidney disease. Wherein, there is ample justification for pretransplantation screening of a potential transplantation recipient, the benefits of such screening remain unproven in literature. In this narrative review, we discuss the uncertainties associated with pretransplantation cardiac screening including the appropriate tests, the interpretation of their results, and the complications of the same and deal with the cardiac screening pertaining predominantly to coronary heart disease.
A study on clinico-immunologic response and virologic suppression rates of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of naïve HIV-positive patients at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Mandal Madhuchhanda , Parvin Sabnam , Das Sonali 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The tenofovir–lamivudine–efavirenz regimen was introduced in 2018, and there was a lack of data on the treatment trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in India. Therefore, we initiated this study.

Objectives:
Our objective was to evaluate the clinical and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as the virological suppression rate in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive patients attending the School of Tropical Medicine in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Settings and Design:
This longitudinal prospective study was conducted at the School of Tropical Medicine in Kolkata from July 2019 to May 2020.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 106 treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients were recruited and evaluated for clinical, immunological, and virological responses over 6 months following the initiation of ART.

Statistical analysis:
All statistical calculations were performed using R software version 4.0.2. Comparisons between observations were made using the t test, and statistical associations were assessed with Fisher’s exact test.

Results:
All patients were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, and the mean time to ART initiation was 12.9 days, with a standard deviation of 8.6 days. Among the participants, 75 patients (70.8%) had at least one opportunistic infection (OI), the most common being oral candidiasis, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Additionally, 59 patients (55.7%) had multiple OIs. The majority of the study population (77.4%) presented with advanced HIV disease. Six patients (5.7%) developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during the 6-month follow-up period. At baseline, most patients had a CD4 count between 150 and 200 cells/μL, and after 6 months of follow-up, most had a CD4 count above 300 cells/μL. Viral suppression was achieved in 97.1% of patients. Excluding those with poor adherence, the efficacy of the tenofovir–lamivudine–efavirenz regimen in suppressing HIV viral load was 99%.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that there was a significant improvement in clinical and immunological responses, as well as virological suppression, following the initiation of ART in ART-naïve HIV-positive patients at 6 months follow-up.
Histopathological spectrum of round cell tumors in a tertiary care center of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Siddiqui Rabia Parveen , Pandey Varsha , Ratre Dakesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
The term “round cell tumors” (RCTs) refers to a diverse group of neoplasms that share similar histopathological features, including uniform, small, round cells with round nuclei, fine chromatin, and scanty clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. This study assesses the spectrum of RCTs across different age and sex groups.

Materials and Methods:
The study included all histologically diagnosed cases of RCT from the Department of Pathology over 5 years.

Results:
The results revealed that 107 RCT cases were diagnosed through histopathology and further analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The patients’ ages ranged from 1 to 75 years, with the highest incidence (34%) occurring in the 16–45 years age group. Of the 107 cases, 54 (51%) were males and 53 (49%) were females. Thirteen different types of RCTs were identified, with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma being the most common (29.90%). Most cases (46%) were in the head and neck region.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
This study concludes that RCTs are widespread in their anatomical distribution and exhibit diverse patterns of round cells morphologically, making histopathological diagnosis challenging. IHC is highly valuable for diagnosis, though some cases require molecular diagnosis for confirmation.
Protocol-based management of acute chest pain to reduce door-to-balloon time: insights from a tertiary care emergency department
Authors: Awasthi Ankur , Tyagi Shweta , Jain Nitin , Sharma Amit Bhushan , Kukreti Bharat Bhooshan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chest pain is among the most common reasons patients visit the emergency department (ED). Any new onset of chest pain or any change in the pattern, intensity, or duration of pain in patients with preexisting symptoms must be evaluated to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted at the ED of a 250-bed tertiary care center in North India. All patients presenting to the ED with acute chest pain were evaluated using a strictly protocolized approach. The study lasted from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included in the study. Key timelines recorded included the time of patient arrival, time to electrocardiogram (ECG), time to transfer to the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL), and time to catheterization in the CCL.

Results:
A total of 208 patients presenting to the ED with acute chest pain were diagnosed with STEMI. The mean door-to-ECG time was 2.96 min, door-to-CCL time was 35.02 min, and door-to-balloon (DTB) time was 65.36 min. Additionally, 86.1% of patients had a DTB time of <90 min.

Conclusion:
STEMI patients are considered the most vulnerable among those with ACS. Nearly three million STEMI cases occur in India each year. Hospitals providing STEMI care can strengthen protocols to meet recommended timelines and ensure better patient care. Utilizing technology and adapting to local needs can help improve STEMI outcomes and contribute to developing an integrated national policy.
Incidentalomas in Chest Radiograph of Apparently Healthy Individuals Presenting for Pre-Employment Medical Examination in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeofor SN , Onuh AC , Mgbe EK , Dim NR , Nnamani AO , Anyanwu GE , Eke CB 
Published: September 2024

Background:
A chest radiograph is the most commonly requested and performed imaging for diagnosis and screening including medical examination.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of incidentalomas in radiographs of cases presenting for pre-employment medical examination.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of chest radiographs conducted for patients presenting for pre-employment medical examination from January to December 2022. Relevant data including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical details and chest radiograph reports were retrieved using study proforma from all patients with complete medical data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 with the level of statistical significance set as P <0.05 taken as statistically significant.

Results:
Three hundred and eleven chest radiographs of subjects aged 20–49 years were evaluated, of which 22 (7.1%) incidentalomas were found. Most were females (55%). Of these incidentalomas, 12 (54.6%) were in the cardiovascular system, while the skeletal and pulmonary systems accounted for eight (36.4%) and two (9.1%), respectively. In all participants, clinically significant findings were eight (2, 6%), comprising of cardiomegaly five (1.6%), leash of vessels in the upper zone one (0.3%), blunt costophrenic angle one (0.3%), and right-sided aortic arch one (0.3%). Age and gender have no statistical significance in the incidental findings.

Conclusion:
Although the incidence of clinically significant incidentalomas appears low in our environment where beliefs and lack of adequate healthcare financing prevent the majority from seeking timely medical attention, chest radiograph remains an invaluable tool for pre-employment medical examination. Some underlying medical conditions could be picked up, further investigation sought to save life, and it serves as a baseline with which future findings may be compared.
Serum Endocan Levels in Children with Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Doğan MT , Can U , Alp H , Ayguneş U 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Acute rheumatic fever is an immunologically delayed autoimmune sequel of throat infection caused by group A streptococcus. The aim of this study was to evaluate endocan levels in patients with acute rheumatic fever and compare with the control group.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate endocan levels in patients with acute rheumatic fever and compare with the control group.

Methods:
Twenty-three children with acute rheumatic fever (11 men, 12 females; mean age 13 ± 2.7 years; range 5 to 15 years) and a healthy control group of 31 children (16 men, 15 females; mean age 13.8 ± 2.4 years; range 5 to 15 years) were recruited. The sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, antistreptolysin-O titres, and endocan levels were examined in each group.

Results:
Before anti-inflammatory therapy, endocan levels in the acute rheumatic fever group were not statistically significant to those in the control group, respectively (200.64 ng/L, 120.71 ng/L, P = 0.208). After anti-inflammatory therapy, endocan levels were significantly higher in the acute rheumatic fever group than in the control group, respectively (260.87 ng/L vs. 120.71 ng/L, P < 0.01). A significant difference was found in endocan levels before and after anti-inflammatory therapy in the group of acute rheumatic fever, respectively (200.64 ng/L vs. 260.87 ng/L, P = 0.033). Endocan levels after anti-inflammatory therapy were statistically higher in the severe carditis group compared to those of the mild carditis group, respectively (344.56 ng/L vs. 191.01 ng/L, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Our study showed that serum endocan levels increased during the subacute phase of acute rheumatic fever. We suggest that serum endocan level can be used as a new biomarker to identify the degree of cardiac involvement in acute rheumatic fever.