bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn Rootworm Larval Control in Iowa, 1993
Authors: Oleson J. D. , McNutt J. J. , Warshaw A. R. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 6 locations in 1993. Soil types were: Ames and Rhodes, silty clay loam; Nashua, loam; Newell and Waukee, clay loam; and Sutherland, silty clay. All plots were planted on areas that had been planted to trap crop (late-planted corn, heavy stand) the previous year. A RCB design, with 4 replications for the root-protection trials (registered and numbered products) and 8 replications for the yield trials (registered and EUP products) was used. All treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a 4-row John Deere 7100 planter. Planting-time liquid formulations were applied with a compressed-air delivery system built directly into the planter; 8003E nozzles delivered 10 gpa at 23 psi. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by taking stand counts from 1/1000 acre and measuring extended leaf heights on 10 consecutive plants. Rootworm larval feeding was evaluated in late Jul and Aug by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating them on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no damage or only a few minor feeding scars, and a 6 rating equal to 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Stand counts were taken in the yield plots at harvest time. Yields were measured by hand harvesting 1/1000 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with Ryan’s Q test (REGWQ).
Second Generation European Corn Borer Control with Aerial Application of Insecticides, 1992
Authors: Rice Marlin E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were aerially applied to natural ECB populations in 2 fields near Indianola, IA, using an Ag-Cat airplane. Treatments were replicated 3 times in each field in a RCBD. All liquid formulations were applied in 1.0 gal of water per acre. Pretreatment counts of egg masses on 10 Aug indicated 11 egg masses per 100 plants in Field 1 and 19 egg masses per 100 plants in Field 2. Insecticides were applied on 16-17 Aug; the 2nd application for the split Penncap-M treatment was made on 31 Aug. Treatments were evaluated on 24-25 Sep by splitting stalks, ear shanks, and removing the husks from 10 plants in the center row of each plot (center of the spray swath) and counting live larvae. Yields were taken from the center 4 rows (Field 1) or 6 rows (Field 2) of each plot with a combine. Yields were measured on a truck scale (Field 1) or with a weigh wagon (Field 2) and samples were adjusted to 15.5% moisture and number 2 corn. Yield plot sizes ranged from 0.35-0.64 acre (Field 1) and 0.4 acre (Field 2). Yield data were not collected from replication 2 in Field 2 because of a hybrid change that split the plots. Data were analyzed by using PROC ANOVA or PROC GLM procedures of SAS. Mean separation was accomplished using Fisher’s protected LSD procedure (P = 0.10).
Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae in West Central Nebraska, 1991
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular insecticides were applied to suppress larval rootworm populations in 2 fields in west central NE. Insecticides were applied at planting to ridge-planted ‘Pioneer 3467’ hybrid field corn in Field 1 on 18 May. Application was made to a non-tilled seed bed with insecticide boxes on a John Deere Max-emerge ridge till planter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCBD. T-band applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide in front of the press wheel. Banded applications were made by applying a 7 inch band of insecticide behind the press wheel and incorporated with a chain. In-furrow applications were made by applying insecticide directly into the seed furrow. Insecticides were applied over the whorl of blocks of ‘Keltgen 1150’ and ‘Producers 870’ hybrid field corn plants in Field 2 at cultivation on 15 Jun. The application was made with International Harvester boxes on a KMC ditcher/cultivator unit. Each treatment in Field 2 was replicated twice and arranged in a RCBD. Corn plant hybrid was used as the blocking criteria. All insecticides in both fields were applied at a rate of 1114.5 g (AI)/ha. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 13 Jul by rating washed roots, using the 1-6 Iowa Root Damage Rating Scale, of 4 plants from each replicate.
Apple, Spirea Aphid Control, 1993
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of ‘Rome Beauty’. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 15 years old and spaced 12 X 35 ft apart. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.0 mph for a complete spray. Treatments were applied on 22 Jun. All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Topsin M 85DF, captan 50WP, Nova 40WP and Dithane 75WP. The effect of treatments on SA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf.
Insecticide Control of Adult Western Corn Rootworm and Subsequent Effect on Twospotted Spider Mites in West Central Nebraska, 1992
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various pesticides were applied to blister stage (R6 stage) hybrid field corn on 9 Aug, near North Platte, in westcentral NE. The treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 206,786 Pa (30 psi), in a total volume of 196.4 liter/ha (21 gal/acre). Each treatment was applied to 3 × 10 m plots, replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Three d before the pesticide application the number of WCR beetles was counted on 2 randomly-selected plants in the middle of each plot. Three d prior to application, 3 spider mite-infested plants in each plot were marked to follow population trends on the same plants. The size of twospotted spider mite colonies was rated on the underside of 3 leaves on each of these plants, one below the ear, the ear leaf and one leaf above the ear. Ratings were made on a 0-6 scale where 0 = no mites, 1 = individual mites, 2 = small colonies, 3 = large, individual colonies, 4 = large connected colonies but not completely covering the underside of the leaf, 5 = colonies completely covering the underside of the leaf, 6 = leaf dead due to spider mite damage. These plants were also evaluated for the presence of arthropod predators. Two d following application the number of rootworm beetles was evaluated by counting all beetles on two randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. Previously marked plants were evaluated for the size of twospotted spider mite colonies and the presence of arthropod predators at 7, 14, 21 and 44 DAT. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance and an LSD test was used for mean separation.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides in Ohio, 1993
Authors: Wilson H. R. , Eisley J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticides were evaluated on continuous corn preceded by a trap crop of late planted corn at the OARDC Western Branch Field Station near South Charleston and the OARDC Northwestern Branch Station near Hoytville. A RCBD with 4 replicates was used at both sites. At the South Charleston site, 15 treatments were compared to an untreated check treatment on reduced tillage plots that were 140 ft in length and 4 rows wide at 30 inch row spacing. At the Hoytville site, 13 treatments were compared to an untreated check treatment on conventional tillage plots that were 90 ft in length and 4 rows wide at 30 inch row spacing. Planting time granular treatments were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel or in-furrow on 10 May at South Charleston and 18 May at Hoytville using a John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular insecticide application equipment. Liquid Furadan was applied as banded and broadcasted post-emergence treatments on 11 Jun at South Charleston and 23 Jun at Hoytville with boom sprayers equipped with flat spray nozzles and calibrated to deliver desired dosages at 3 mph. Stand counts of 100 ft of row were conducted on 14 Jun at South Charleston and on 9 Jul at Hoytville. Root systems of 5 plants per plot were rated 13 Jul at South Charleston and 22 Jul at Hoytville using the Iowa 1-6 scale.
Corn Rootworm Control on Pennsylvania, 1993
Authors: Calvin D. D. , Rebarchak P. B. , Spangler S. M. , Roth G. W. , Hoffman L. , Lueloff S. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twenty-four granular insecticide treatments were evaluated in 1993 for their efficacy in controlling western and northern corn rootworm larvae. The evaluation took place on a Hagerstown silt loam soil in central PA, near Rock Springs. The target corn plant population was 28,000 plants per acre. The test plots were planted on 14 May in continuous corn. The design was RCBD with 5 replicates. Plots were 40 ft long × 2 rows wide; the spacing between rows was 30 inches. Treatments were applied at planting using a Max Emerge John Deere 7000® corn planter. T-band applications were applied in 7 inch bands over the row and into the furrow ahead of the press wheel, and in-furrow applications were directed into furrow in front of the press wheel. Treatments were evaluated by quantifying root damage caused by larvae according to the ‘Iowa’ rating method, and by quantifying yield on 9 Nov.
Control of Early Season Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 3 May in a Goldsboro fine sandy loam near Richlands, NC. Fertility and weed management programs followed NCSU recommendations with 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G applied in furrow at planting. Plot size was 6 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft with 8 ft alleys. A RCBD with 5 replicates was used. Treatments were applied with a backpack-type CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gal total volume per acre at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spraying Systems® nozzle per row. Applications were made on 8, 14, 21 and 29 Jun. The Ovasyn treatment was initiated at pinhead square and received a total of 4 applications. All remaining treatments were initiated at early tobacco budworm egg hatch on 14 Jun. Subsequently, the Design and Curacron treatments were again applied on 21 and 29 Jun for a total of 3 treatments; all remaining treatments were applied a 2nd time only on 21 Jun for a total of 2 applications. The entire test was oversprayed with Orthene 75S at 0.4 lb (AI)/acre on 4 Jun. Twenty five terminals from each plot (125/ treatment) were inspected for eggs and larvae and 25 squares per plot inspected for damage and larvae on 7 Jul. On 7 Jul, the first 3 fruiting positions (oldest) on each plant were removed from the treatment labeled “square removal.” At the time of fruit position removal, plants averaged 28.4 inches tall, plant stand was 31.3/10 ft, total nodes were 13.9, nodes above white bloom were 8 and total number of fruit was 13.4 per plant. Plots were harvested with a John Deere 1 row mechanical picker from the middle 2 rows on 13 Oct.
Evaluation of High Rates of Selected Insecticides Against Fall Army Worm in Southern North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 10 May in an Autryville loamy sand in Richlands, NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.6 lb (AI)/acre Temik used at planting for thrips. A RCBD with 4 replicates and 4-row (38 inch centers) × 50 ft plots with 10 ft alleys utilized. Treatments were applied with a backpack CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gal/acre total volume at 50 psi with one TX-8 Spraying Systems® nozzle per row. The single application was made against a high population of primarily 2nd through 4th instar FAW larvae on 24 Aug. Thirty bolls from each plot (120 per treatment) were randomly selected on 30 Aug and inspected for live boll worms, European corn borers and FAW. Yields were not taken.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1993
Authors: Bannister Jennifer M. , Lentz Gary L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A series of tests were conducted at the West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jackson TN, to determine efficacy of 10 insecticides recommended for control of (TPB). Treatments were replicated 3 times in a RCBD. Plots were 2 rows (38-inch spacing) × 20 ft. Each new test was applied to a previously untreated plot of cotton. Organdy sleeve cages were placed on 2 plants per plot and pulled down to the base of the plant. Treatments were then applied with a 2-row CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa at 40 psi. The sleeve cages were pulled up over the plants and 5 field-collected TPB adults were aspirated into each cage. The cages were labeled and tied. After 48 hr, plants were inspected and number alive and dead recorded. Forty-eight hours after spraying, a third organdy sleeve cage was placed on 1 plant per plot for a test of residual activity of the previously applied insecticides. Five field-collected TPB adults were aspirated into the cage; it was tied and labeled. Number alive and dead were recorded after 24 hr of TPB exposure to the plants. Insecticides which demonstrated good control in the first series of tests were tested again to determine if they could be used as effectively at below recommended rates. These tests were performed as described previously with the exception of no residual testing. The data collected for all tests were analyzed by performing an arcsin transformation of the number of TPB dead in a sleeve cage divided by the total TPB recovered from that sleeve cage. The mean arcsin for each treatment was then analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1993
Authors: Elzen G. W. , Snodgrass G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 6 May in plots 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul and 12 Jul by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed-air spray system. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 5 mph and 40 psi using two, TX-6 nozzles/row. TPB nymphs were sampled with a drop cloth (1.0 × 0.97 m) from 1 m of a row at 4 random locations in each plot on each sample date. In each plot, 4 random sweep net samples were taken, and 5 sweeps across a single row were made for each sample. Numbers of adults and nymphs captured in the samples were determined in the field. Samples were taken 6, 9, and 16 Jul.
Thrips Control/Variety Test in Cotton with Temik, 1993
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. , Studebaker G. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 14 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR. Plots were treated with Terrachlor + Temik or Terrachlor + No Temik using Gandy boxes. Plots were 4, 38-inch rows, 50 ft long arranged in a RCBD design with 4 replications. Ratings were made on 27 May and 3, 9, and 17 Jun. Visual ratings were made on a scale of 1-10 with 10 = severe damage. Thrips were counted by removing 5 plants/plot and washing the plants through a series of sieves, counting the thrips trapped by the last sieve. Plant height and node measurements were also made. Plots were harvested on 29 Sep for first and only pick by harvesting the center 2 rows in each plot.
Control of Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm, and Beet Armyworm in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1993
Authors: Klein C. D. , Slaymaker P. H. , Tugwell N. P. , Wall M. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 28 May at the Southeast Branch Experiment Station in Rowher, AR. Plots consisted of 4 rows (38 inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 17 Sep with a CO2 backpack sprayer mounted on a four-wheeler. Total volume was 10.5 gal/acre at 30 psi and 5 mph using Teejet 8002VS nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Insect counts were made at 5 DAT by whole plant examination and drop cloth counts of 3 row ft on the center 2 rows of each plot. This experiment was designed to test the efficacy of selected insecticides against large TBW and BW larvae and large numbers of armyworms. TBW and BW larvae were predominantly 3rd instar and greater.
Cotton Aphid Control in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1993
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. , Burris E. , Graves J. B. , White C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against cotton aphids in nonirrigated cotton planted 27 Apr. For all tests, plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test field. Treatments were applied to Test 1, 2 and 3 on 30 Jun, 7 Jul, and 9 Jul, respectively, with a handboom and CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-10 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling 10 plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) at 2-3 and 7 DAT from each plot. Aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. Plots were sampled in Test 1 on 2 and 7 Jul, in Test 2 on 9 and 14 Jul, and in Test 3 on 12 and 16 Jul. These plots received 0.3 inches rainfall on 3 Jul and 0.2 inches rainfall on 11 Jul.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1990
Authors: Hesler L. S. , Grigarick A. A. , Palrang A. T. , Oraze M. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to compare RWW control among insecticide treatments. The test was performed at the California Rice Experiment Station, Biggs, in 1990 using a RCBD with 4 replications of 2 insecticide treatments and an untreated control. Treatments were applied to 0.94-m diam circular plots, each bounded by a 0.7-m tall aluminum sheet pushed 3-4 cm into the soil. Plots were established on Stockton adobe clay soil and were water-seeded at a rate of 140 kg/ha on 4 May. Stands were thinned to 50 plants per ring on 25 May. Water depth in the plots was maintained at 10 cm during the experiment. Furadan 5G was applied with a hand-held granule shaker 2 d before flooding and seeding of plots and lightly incorporated by rake into the soil. NTN 33893 240 FS was applied to seeds at a rate of 187 kg per 100 kg seed by the manufacturer before planting. Rings were open on top, allowing for natural ingress of adult RWW into the plots. Twenty-five fieldcollected parthenogenic adult RWW per ring were added on 23 May. The 2 youngest, unfurled leaves on each of 20 plants per plot were examined on 23 May (before artificial infestation), 30 May, and 5 Jun for scarring caused by adult RWW feeding. Ten, 10-cm diam soil cores per plot (1 plant per core) were removed on 22-25 Jun (1 replication per d). Soil was washed from the roots and the number of immature RWW (larvae plus pupae) per core was recorded.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Furadan 4F, 1993
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and used a RCBD with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Plots were 10 ft × 12 rows (7 inches between rows) and drill planted at 100 lb seed/acre on 19 Apr. Rice emerged 2 May. Facet + Basagran were applied 21 May at 0.75 lb formulated material/acre and 0.75 qt/acre, respectively. The permanent flood was applied 7 Jun. Urea was applied at 68, 51, and 51 lb N/acre at the seedling stage, immediately before the permanent flood, and panicle differentiation, respectively. Granular carbofuran was applied with a hand shaker at the time designated in the table. Furadan 4F was applied with a 4-nozzle hand-held spray boom equipped with 800067 tips and 50 mesh screens. Final spray volume was 27.6 gal/acre and times of applications are recorded in the table. Five, 4 inch diam × 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 plant) were removed, washed and inspected for immature RWW 22-23 d after initiation of the permanent flood. At maturity all the rice in each plot was harvested with a small combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were compared using DMRT where applicable.
Control of Greenbug and Yellow Sugarcane Aphids in Seedling Sorghum, 1993
Authors: Knutson Allen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gaucho 480 FS applied as a seed treatment was compared to granular insecticides applied at planting at 2 locations in north central TX. In Cooke County, ‘Triumph 74CR’ grain sorghum was planted 21 Apr in plots 4 rows × 500 ft. In Collin County, ‘Cargil 837’ grain sorghum was planted 2 Apr in 0.11 acre plots 2 rows wide. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. A John Deere Max Emerge planter was used to apply the granular insecticides at both locations. Granular insecticides were applied without banders to the soil surface directly above the seed furrow and incorporated by the press wheel. Gustafson treated the seed with Gaucho 480 FS. The soil was a Houston black clay, pH = 7.8. Plant stands were determined by counting the number of plants in 3 row ft at 4 locations per plot 2 wk after planting. Densities of GB and YSA were recorded on 5 consecutive plants at 4 locations per plot at 14-45 d after planting (DAP). Yields were determined by machine harvest (Collin County) or by hand harvesting and threshing the panicles in 13 row ft from each of the 2 center rows per plot (Cooke County).
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybean in Louisiana, 1992
Authors: Boyd M. L. , White C. A. , Weir A. T. , Thomas J. D. , Boethel D. J. , Burris E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small plot insecticide screening trial was conducted at the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA, to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for control of SBL. Plots measuring 12.2 m × 8 rows (0.5 m row spacing) were planted on 1 Jun in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 20 Aug to ‘Deltapine 415’ soybeans in the R4 growth stage using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 3.71 kg/cm2 through 6502VS flat fan nozzles. At 2 and 8 DAT, one 25 sweep sample was taken from each plot with a standard 38.2 cm diam sweep net.