bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Public Health Workers’ Perceptions Toward Participating in Disaster Recovery After Hurricane Sandy: A Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Errett Nicole A. , Thompson Carol B. , Rutkow Lainie , Garrity Stephanie , Stauss-Riggs Kandra , Altman Brian A. , Walsh Lauren , Freeman Jeffrey D. , Balicer Ran D. , Schor Kenneth W. , Barnett Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to quantitatively gauge local public health workers’ perceptions toward disaster recovery role expectations among jurisdictions in New Jersey and Maryland affected by Hurricane Sandy.MethodsAn online survey was made available in 2014 to all employees in 8 Maryland and New Jersey local health departments whose jurisdictions had been impacted by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. The survey included perceptions of their actual disaster recovery involvement across 3 phases: days to weeks, weeks to months, and months to years. The survey also queried about their perceptions about future involvement and future available support.ResultsSixty-four percent of the 1047 potential staff responded to the survey (n=669). Across the 3 phases, 72% to 74% of the pre-Hurricane Sandy hires knew their roles in disaster recovery, 73% to 75% indicated confidence in their assigned roles (self-efficacy), and 58% to 63% indicated that their participation made a difference (response efficacy). Of the respondents who did not think it likely that they would be asked to participate in future disaster recovery efforts (n=70), 39% indicated a willingness to participate.ConclusionThe marked gaps identified in local public health workers’ awareness of, sense of efficacy toward, and willingness to participate in disaster recovery efforts after Hurricane Sandy represent a significant infrastructural concern of policy and programmatic relevance. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:371–377)
Taking uncertainty seriously: Classical realism and national security
Authors: Porter Patrick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIf we can’t reliably predict the future, how can we be wise when preparing for it? Examining the UK’s ‘Strategic Defence and Security Review’ of 2010, I demonstrate that though planners often rightly invoke uncertainty, they also imply a highly certain ideology about Western power and foresight. Modern ‘national security states’ describe the world as dangerously uncertain, yet fall prey to a misplaced confidence in their ability to anticipate and prevent threats. I argue that classical realism, especially that of Clausewitz and Morgenthau, is a valuable resource for handling uncertainty more reflexively. Classical realism counsels that governments should go beyond attempts to improve foresight. They should try to check against the fallibility of their assumptions, marshal their power more conservatively, insure against the likelihood of predictive failure by developing the intellectual capability to react to the unknown, and avoid misplaced confidence in their ability to bring order into chaos.
Hegel on the Idealism of Practical Life
Authors: Ciavatta David V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates Hegel’s thesis that we are, in our practical relation to the world, inherently committed to certain aspects of idealistic metaphysics. For Hegel, our practical attitude is fundamentally at odds with a naïve realism that would take the world to consist ultimately of self-contained, self-sufficient individuals whose relations to one another are fundamentally external to their identities. Hegel contends that our practical attitude is premised upon an overcoming of this mutual externality, and especially the externality which is supposed to hold between individual agent and world. It is shown that his argument hinges on conceiving of external things as inadequately individuated, as compared to living agents, and that it is precisely this ontological deficiency that conditions and motivates our action. Hegel’s discussions of morality and property ownership are appealed to in order to illustrate how we might better understand the nature and practical role of this purported deficiency.
Right and Trust in Hegel’sPhilosophy of Right
Authors: Houlgate Stephen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to Hegel, true freedom consists not just in arbitrariness, but in the free willing of right. Right in turn is fully realised in the laws and institutions of ethical life. The ethical subject, for Hegel, is a practical subject that acts in accordance with ethical laws; yet it is also a theoretical, cognitive subject that recognizes the laws and institutions of ethical life as embodiments of right. Such recognition can be self-conscious and reflective; but it can, and indeed must, also be a felt recognition and as such it takes the form of trust. In Hegel’s view, therefore, the proper stance to adopt towards ethical institutions is that of trust; moreover, there is a distinctive freedom to be found in trust itself. Trust is appropriate, however, only when the institutions of ethical life are themselves worthy of it. Hegel is well aware that not all states and their institutions merit trust, but in his view a life without trust in institutions is a life without true freedom.
The Value of Practical Knowledge: Against Engstrom’s Constructivism
Authors: Saunders Joe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStephen Engstrom has recently offered an excellent account of morality as practical cognition. He emphasizes the formal conditions of practical knowledge, which he finds in Kant. Engstrom also aligns his account with constructivism, claiming that value is constructed through these formal conditions, chiefly universalisability. In this paper, I employ a variant of Hegel’s empty-formalism objection to challenge the moral significance of the mere form of practical knowledge. I hope to show that Engstrom’s constructivism is neither philosophically compelling, nor required by the rest of his position. In its place, I propose a realist understanding of the value of practical knowledge.
Improving Hand Hygiene Practices in a Rural Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Holmen Ian C. , Seneza Celestin , Nyiranzayisaba Berthine , Nyiringabo Vincent , Bienfait Mugisha , Safdar Nasia 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVETo improve hand hygiene (HH) compliance among physicians and nurses in a rural hospital in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care.DESIGNThis study was a quasi-experimental design divided into 4 phases: (1) preparation of materials and acquisition of the hospital administration’s support, (2) baseline evaluation, (3) intervention, and (4) follow-up evaluation.SETTINGA 160-bed, non-referral hospital in Gitwe, RwandaPARTICIPANTSA total of 12 physicians and 54 nurses participated in this study.METHODSThe intervention consisted of introducing locally produced alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR); educating healthcare workers (HCWs) on proper HH practice; providing pocket-sized ABHR bottles for HCWs; placing HH reminders in the workplace; and surveying HCWs at surrounding health centers regarding HH compliance barriers. Hand hygiene infrastructure, compliance, and knowledge were assessed among physicians and nurses using baseline observations and a follow-up evaluation survey.RESULTSOverall, HH compliance improved from 34.1% at baseline to 68.9% post intervention (P<.001), and HH knowledge was significantly enhanced (P<.001). The 3 departments included in this study had only 1 sink for 29 patient rooms, and 100% of HH opportunities used ABHR. Hand hygiene compliance was significantly higher among physicians than nurses both before and after the intervention. All measures of HH compliance improved except for “after body fluid exposure,” which was 51.7% before intervention and 52.8% after intervention (P>.05).CONCLUSIONHand hygiene campaigns using WHO methods in SSA have been implemented exclusively in large, referral hospitals. This study shows that an HH program using the WHO tools successfully improved HH in a low-income, rural hospital in SSA.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:834–839
Ultra-high resolution snapshots of three multi-decadal periods in an Antarctic ice core
Authors: HAINES SKYLAR A. , MAYEWSKI PAUL A. , KURBATOV ANDREI V. , MAASCH KIRK A. , SNEED SHARON B. , SPAULDING NICOLE E. , DIXON DANIEL A. , BOHLEBER PASCAL D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe offer the first sub-seasonal view of glacial age archives from the Siple Dome-A (SDMA) ice core using the ultra-high resolution capabilities of a newly developed laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS; 121 µm sampling resolution) system capable of conducting multi-element glaciochemical analysis. Our ultra-high resolution data demonstrates that: (1) the SDMA ice core record can be annually dated based on seasonality in chemical inputs at a depth not previously possible using previous glaciochemical sampling methods, (2) winter accumulation at the SD site was greater than summer accumulation during the three late glacial periods selected (~15.3, 17.3, 21.4 Ka ago) in this study and (3) resulting annual layer thicknesses results show greater variability than the current SD ice core depth/age model (Brook and others, 2005), possibly due to depositional effects such as wind scouring and/or decadal variability in snow accumulation that is not captured by the resolution of the current depth/age model.
OPTIMIZED TIMING OF USING CANOPY TEMPERATURE TO SELECT HIGH-YIELDING CULTIVARS OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES
Authors: ZHANG XIAOYU , ZHANG XIYING , CHEN SUYING , SUN HONGYONG , SHAO LIWEI , LIU XIUWEI 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYSelecting high-yielding cultivars under drought is an important practice to improve crop production. Canopy temperature (T) shows a relative reliable association with grain yield. In this study, we compared the suitability of canopy T and other agronomic as well as physiological traits associated with grain yield under different water regimes. Field experiments over two seasons (2011–2012 and 2012–2013) were carried out under three water regimes, represented about 64, 76 and 89% of potential evapotranspiration, with 16 local winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in each season. Results showed that cultivars with higher yield usually performed consistently lower canopy T under three water regimes, while the relationships of grain yield with other agronomic or physiological traits were more influenced by soil moisture. In addition, the relationship between canopy T and grain yield varied with different growth stages: From the time of heading to early grain filling stages, a more significant negative linear relationship (p < 0.001) existed under the three irrigation levels.
Faults in the Asquempont area, southern Brabant Massif, Belgium
Authors: Debacker T.N. , Herbosch A. , Verniers J. , Sintubin M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe literature suggests that the Asquempont fault, a supposedly important reverse fault forming the limit between the Lower to lower Middle Cambrian and the Ordovician in the Sennette valley, is poorly understood. Nevertheless, this fault is commonly equated with a pronounced NW-SE-trending aeromagnetic lineament, the Asquempont lineament, and both the geometry of the Asquempont lineament and the supposed reverse movement of the Asquempont fault are used to develop large-scale tectonic models of the Brabant Massif. New outcrop observations in the Asquempont area, the “type locality” of the Asquempont fault, in combination with outcrop and borehole data from surrounding areas, show that the Asquempont fault is not an important reverse fault, but instead represents a pre-cleavage, low-angle extensional detachment. This detachment formed between the Caradoc and the timing of folding and cleavage development and is not related to the aeromagnetic Asquempont lineament. The Asquempont area also contains several relatively important, steep, post-cleavage normal faults. Apparently, these occur in a WNW-ESE-trending zone between Asquempont and Fauquez, extending westward over Quenast towards Bierghes. This zone coincides with the eastern part of the WNW-ESE-trending Nieuwpoort-Asquempont fault zone, for which, on the basis of indirect observations, previously a strike-slip movement has been proposed. Our outcrop observations question this presumed strike-slip movement. The Asquempont fault may be related to the progressive unroofing of the core of the Brabant Massif from the Silurian onwards. Possibly, other low-angle extensional detachments similar to the Asquempont fault occur in other parts of the massif. Possible candidates are the paraconformity-like contacts depicted on the most recent geological map of the Brabant Massif.
The geometry and stratigraphic position of the Maassluis Formation (western Netherlands and southeastern North Sea)
Authors: Jansen H.S.M. , Huizer J. , Dijkmans J.W.A. , Mesdag C. , van Hinte J.E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe geometry and depositional history of the Maassluis Formation is described from an East-West oriented transect located in the west-central Netherlands and P- and Q-blocks in the Dutch offshore area. The Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene Maassluis Formation was deposited under near coastal marine conditions. Two distinct facies are distinguished: (1) medium grained sands with a blocky GR/SP-log pattern that were deposited under intertidal and aeolian conditions and (2) medium to coarse grained sands deposited in a subtidal environment showing a clear coarsening upward trend. The lower part of the Maassluis Formation is laterally equivalent to the shallow marine Oosterhout Formation and gets progressively younger towards the West. The upper part is lateral equivalent to estuarine and mudflat deposits (Balk Member, c.q. Peize Formation) in the central part of The Netherlands and to river deposits (Peize Formation) further to the East.
Assessing the contamination risk of five pesticides in a phreatic aquifer based on microcosm experiments and transport modelling at Sint-Jansteen (Zeeland, the Netherlands)
Authors: Gaus I. , Casteele K. Vande 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe risk of five pesticides (atrazine, simazine, bentazone, mecoprop and MCPA) contaminating a Quaternary phreatic aquifer (the water supply area of Sint-Jansteen, the Netherlands) is assessed based on laboratory experiments and solute transport modelling (MODFLOW-MT3D). Batch experiments either show long half-lives (at least 1500 days) or no degradation at all for bentazone, atrazine and simazine while mecoprop and especially MCPA degrade much faster (half-lives down to 4.1 days). Column experiments show significant sorption to the aquifer sediment only for atrazine and simazine under certain circumstances. A series of experiments were conducted during which the type of the sediment, the grain size, the content of the organic matter and the acidity of the groundwater were varied. These experimental results were subsequently incorporated in a solute transport model for the aquifer resulting in the following ranking of the contamination risk for the selected pesticides (from low to high): MCPA, mecoprop, simazine, atrazine, bentazone. This ranking was confirmed by observed pesticide concentrations in samples taken from piezometers and extraction wells from the aquifer.
The sand extraction potential of embedded land surface lowering in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Meulen M.J. , de Kleine M.P.E. , Veldkamp J.G. , Dubelaar C.W. , Pietersen H.S. 
Published: April 2016

abstractIn the Netherlands, mineral extraction by means of dredging or quarrying meets with considerable societal resistance. Land surface lowering prior to large land reconstruction projects may raise fewer objections. We have calculated the potential yields of sand and gravel from land surface lowering embedded in planned building and construction projects, and in nature, farmland and recreation area development. Our primary data sets were a compilation of spatial plans for the period 1995 – 2005 and about 95,000 borehole descriptions. Even if embedded consistently, land surface lowering would contribute modestly (up to 5.4 Mio m3/a) to the filling sand provision (annual demand 45 – 50 Mio m3/a).
Inverted basins in the Netherlands, similarities and differences
Authors: de Jager J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAll Dutch rift basins that formed during Jurassic and Early Cretaceous extension have been inverted during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary. Several inversion pulses occurred more or less simultaneously in all basins. Analysis of vitrinite reflectance data, in combination with fission track and fluid inclusion data show that the magnitude of uplift and erosion generally did not exceed 2 km. Inversion was strongest in the Broad Fourteens, Central Netherlands and West Netherlands basins. The direction of maximum compressive stress was generally not at right angles to the pre-existing fault trends, and resulted in transpressional movements. Within the NW-SE striking basins, dextral strike-slip movements can often be interpreted, which is consistent with a general N-S to NNW-SSE direction of maximum compression related to Alpine structural events. Where no Zechstein salt is present, trends of flower structures formed through reverse reactivation of pre-existing faults. Where the Zechstein salt is thick, re-activated faults could not breach the salt, and a broad uplift of the post-salt succession resulted, while faulting below the salt caused acceleration of halokinesis. In areas where the Zechstein salt was thin, and where the offsets of reverse faults exceeded the thickness of the salt, impressive thrusts with the Zechstein salt as detachment horizon developed. The later Tertiary inversion pulses did not affect all basins, and caused broad basin uplift in the West and Central Netherlands basins while individual faults were no longer reactivated. It appears that due to crustal thickening during the first inversion pulses the crust could become stabilised such that further compression could only be accommodated by broad basin uplift.
Insectivores (Mammalia) from the earliest Oligocene (MP 21) of
Belgium
Authors: Smith R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Insectivore remains are not common in the Lower Oligocene of Europe. For
this reason, the study of the earliest Oligocene insectivore fauna (MP 21)
from Boutersem and Hoogbutsel, all together yielding nine species,
representing five families, constitutes an important progress in the
knowledge of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene insectivore evolution. Some
of the genera discovered in Belgium are known from upper Eocene sites
(Saturninia, Amphidozotherium, Euronyctia,
Eotalpa), whereas others are not known before the
Oligocene (Butselia, Tetracus, Heterosoricinae
ind.). The co-occurrence of primitive species of Nyctitheriidae with modern
forms belonging to the Plesiosoricidae, Talpidae and Erinaceidae at the
Eocene-Oligocene boundary suggests a transition fauna. Between the
Priabonian (Late Eocene) and the Rupelian (Early Oligocene), the endemic
European insectivores were in competition with the new immigrants. This
faunal turnover is generally accepted as the ‘Grande Coupure’ event (the MP
21 event).
Sea-level related molluscan plankton events (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata)
during the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of the North Sea Basin
Authors: Gürs K. , Janssen A.W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Spacio-temporal distribution patterns of North Sea Basin Early Oligocene
(Rupelian) pteropoda (holoplanktonic gastropods: Mollusca, Gastropoda,
Euthecosomata) are studied. These patterns indicate three short term
invasions of a single pteropod species during the Rupelian. These invasions
are indicated here as Clio blinkae Event,
Praehyalocylis laxeannulata Event and
Clio jacobae Event. The conspicuously short
occurrences of the species, their abundances and some lithological features
of the pteropod bearing strata lead to the conclusion that these plankton
events are linked to sea level high-stands allowing currents from the worlds
oceans to enter into the North Sea Basin.
The Rupelian-Chattian boundary in the North Sea Basin and its calibration
to the international time-scale
Authors: Van Simaeys S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The classical problem of the nature and age of the Rupelian-Chattian
(Early-Late Oligocene) unconformity in its type region is here approached
using organic walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) correlations between the
North Sea Basin and well-calibrated central Italian (Tethyan Ocean)
sections. Useful Oligocene dinocyst events are the last occurrence of
Enneadocysta pectiniformis (~29.3 Ma), and
the first occurrences of Saturnodinium pansum
(~29.4 Ma), Distatodinium biffii (~27.9 Ma) and
Artemisiocysta cladodichotoma (~26.7 Ma).The
latter event marks the earliest Chattian. The improved correlations indicate
that the Rupelian-Chattian (R-C) boundary is associated with the so-called
‘Oligocene Glacial Maximum’. This phase of important global cooling and
glacio-eustatic sea level fall is genetically related to the unconformity
between the classic Oligocene stages. Subsequent global warming (so-called
‘Late Oligocene Warming Event’), induced a major sea level rise, leading
e.g. to the time-transgressive deposition of the typical basal Chattian
glauconitic sands. The oldest of the Chattian units have a GPTS age of-26.7
Ma. It further appears that a hiatus of ~500 kyrs spans the classic
Rupelian-Chattian unconformity.
Rib fracture in Prognathodon saturator (Mosasauridae, Late Cretaceous)
Authors: Schulp A.S. , Walenkamp G.H.I.M. , Hofman P.A.M. , Rothschild B.M. , Jagt J.W.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo unusual bumps occur on the internal surface of a rib of the marine reptile Prognathodon saturator from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Maastricht, The Netherlands. These bumps are interpreted as stress fractures, possibly related to agonistic behaviour.
A geophysical profile at the foot of the Dutch coastal dunes near the former outlet of the ‘Old Rhine’
Authors: Seijmonsbergen A.C. , Biewinga D.T. , Pruissers A.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe apparent electrical conductivity of the subsurface along the Dutch coast between ‘Wassenaarse Slag’ (beach post 92.250) and north of Noordwijk aan Zee (beach post 77.750) reflects the spatial distribution of Holocene coastal deposits. Using a Geonics EM-34 a threefold division based on the mean electrical conductivity could be made in the outlet area of the River Old Rhine. 1) A section showing a sequence of sandy deposits that resembles the Schoorl Member of the Naaldwijk Formation on top of the Zandvoort Member of the Naaldwijk Formation. 2) A section underlain by a shallow clay/peat layer of varying thickness belonging to the Naaldwijk Formation (Walcheren Member) / Nieuwkoop Formation (Hollandveen Member), intercalated within the Schoorl Member and Zandvoort Member of the Naaldwijk Formation. South of the Old Rhine locally Wormer Member deposits of the Naaldwijk Formation underlie these clay/peat layers. 3) A section characterized by channel fill deposits of the former Rhine reaching to -20 m below Normaal Amsterdam Peil (N.A.P.), and belonging to deposits of the Wormer Member of the Naaldwijk Formation, and to two facies of the Naaldwijk Formation (Walcheren Member). The geophysical transect was calibrated using existing nearby drill hole data, so that a continuous snapshot of the subsurface was gained. Therefore this research also contributes to the recent genesis of this part of the Dutch coast.