bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie geht es Menschen nach dem Tod eines schwerkranken Angehörigen? – Onlinebefragung zur psychischen Belastung und Versorgungszufriedenheit von Hinterbliebenen
Authors: Gottschalk-Fleischer Antje , Köhler Norbert , Brähler Elmar , Mehnert Anja , Götze Heide 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der psychosozialen Belastungssituation sowie der Versorgungszufriedenheit von Hinterbliebenen nach Versterben eines gepflegten Angehörigen.
Methodik In einer querschnittlichen Online-Befragung von Hinterbliebenen nach Versterben eines gepflegten Angehörigen wurden Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität (HADS) erhoben und einer Vergleichsgruppe aus der Bevölkerung gegenüber gestellt. Erfasst wurden weiterhin die Zufriedenheit mit der Versorgung des Patienten am Lebensende (ZUF-8) sowie die Beurteilung des Sterbeprozesses und der Unterstützung danach (HOPE-Modul, ESSI). Zusammenhänge von soziodemografischen und versorgungsrelevanten Faktoren mit der psychischen Belastung der Hinterbliebenen wurden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Von den 200 Hinterbliebenen (93% weiblich, im Mittel 306 Tage seit Versterben des Angehörigen vergangen) waren 31% die Hauptpflegeperson des Angehörigen. Die Hinterbliebenen gaben eine hohe psychische Belastung an (starke Ängstlichkeit: 41%/starke Depressivität: 35%). Die Versorgung am Lebensende war aus Sicht der Hinterbliebenen teilweise ungenügend: etwa ein Drittel der sterbenden Patienten hatte Schmerzen und etwa 20% wurden nicht würdig behandelt. Nach dem Tod des Angehörigen erhielten 44% der Hinterbliebenen keine Informationen zu Unterstützungsangeboten, jeder dritte vermisste seelischen Beistand. Unzufriedenheit mit der Versorgung und Unterstützung ging mit einer höheren psychischen Belastung einher, ebenso wie höheres Alter und eine kurze Pflegedauer.
Schlussfolgerung Die hohe psychische Belastung Hinterbliebener impliziert einen hohen Unterstützungsbedarf, dem in der Praxis häufig nicht entsprochen wird. Auch die Versorgung der Patienten am Lebensende ist teilweise ungenügend. Neben einer guten Vorbereitung auf den bevorstehenden Tod des Angehörigen und die Zeit danach, benötigen Hinterbliebene niedrigschwellige psychosoziale Unterstützungsangebote.
Veränderungen von Aufgaben und Tätigkeitsprofilen in der vollstationären psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Intensivbehandlung in Deutschland
Authors: Löhr Michael , Längle Gerhard 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungMit Inkrafttreten der Psych-PV im Jahr 1990 wurden in Deutschland erstmals verbindliche Personal-Strukturvorgaben für die stationäre und teilstationäre psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Behandlung vorgelegt. Die Tätigkeitsprofile der klinischen Berufsgruppen unterlagen seitdem infolge rechtlicher, fachlicher und gesellschaftlicher Ursachen einem erheblichen Wandel. Neben den allgemeinen strukturellen Veränderungen in den psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Kliniken und Abteilungen wird im vorliegenden Artikel insbesondere auf den Bereich der stationären psychiatrischen Intensivbehandlung fokussiert.
Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) reduces surgery rate in the management of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations
Authors: Khater Sherine , Rahmi Gabriel , Perrod Guillaume , Samaha Elia , Benosman Hedi , Abbes Leila , Malamut Georgia , Cellier Christophe 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has been recently used in management of gastrointestinal perforations, but data on it are still limited. The aim of this study was to compare management of iatrogenic perforations before and after the OTSC was available in our endoscopy unit.
Patients and methods We conducted a monocentric retrospective study from June 2007 to June 2015. All iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations detected during endoscopy were included. Two time periods were compared in terms of surgery and mortality rates: before use of OTSC (June 2007 to June 2011) and after OTSC became available (June 2011 to June 2015).
Results During the first period, 24 perforations were recorded. Fifteen (62.5 %) were managed with surgery. The mortality rate was 8 %. During the second period, 16 perforations occurred. In 11 patients (68.7 %), an OTSC was used to close the perforation, with complete sealing of the perforation in 100 % of cases. However, 2 patients with sigmoid perforation had to undergo surgery due to right ureteral obstruction by the clip in 1 case and to presence of a localized peritonitis in the other. The surgery rate during this period was 12.5 % (2 /16), with a statistically significant difference compared to the first period (P = 0.002). There was no mortality in the second period versus 8 % in the first one (P = 0.23).
Conclusions OTSC is effective for endoluminal closure of iatrogenic perforations and results in a significant decrease in surgery rate.
Selbstwirksamkeit von Angehörigen bei früher Integration von Supportiv-/Palliativversorgung in die Onkologie
Authors: Bär K. , Preisler M. , Rohrmoser A. , Letsch A. , Goerling U. 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ein Qualitätsmerkmal von integrierter Palliativversorgung in der Onkologie ist die Förderung der Lebensqualität bei Angehörigen von Tumorpatienten. Die Förderung der Selbstwirksamkeit (SW) durch das Behandlerteam ist ein möglicher Ansatzpunkt. Ziel dieser qualitativen Studie ist es, Hinweise zur Förderung der SW zu identifizieren.
Methodik Zwei Fokusgruppen mit je vier Angehörigen wurden anhand der allgemeinen SW, erhoben mittels Skala von Schwarzer und Jerusalem 1, gebildet. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels modifizierter Grounded Theory nach Strauss und Corbin 2.
Ergebnisse Die Analyse ergab Ungewissheit als zentralen Belastungsfaktor. Als wesentliche Anforderungsbereiche wurden 1) Ungewissheit aushalten, 2) Interaktion mit Ärzten, 3) Instrumentelle Unterstützung geben und 4) Umstrukturierung des eigenen Lebens identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung Zur Förderung der SW von Angehörigen ist v. a. Unterstützung bei der Bewältigung von Ungewissheiten notwendig. Dies kann über eine aktive Einbindung in die Behandlung erfolgen. Ein personalisierter Ansatz, orientiert an der individuellen Lebenssituation, sowie Screenings zu Bedürfnissen und Ressourcen sind notwendig.
Revision of biliary sphincterotomy by re-cut, balloon dilation or temporary stenting: comparison of clinical outcome and complication rate (with video)
Authors: Donatelli Gianfranco , Dumont Jean-Loup , Cereatti Fabrizio , Tuszynski Thierry , Vergeau Bertrand , Meduri Bruno 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Revision of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be necessary following previous biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy for recurrent biliary symptoms related to biliary stone recurrence, cholangitis or post-biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy (bEST) papillary stenosis and cholestasis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and complication rate associated with re-cut, balloon dilation and biliary metal stenting in revision ERCP.
Patients and methods From January 2010 to January 2015, 139 subjects with stigma of a previous sphincterotomy required a revision ERCP (64 Men/75 Women; mean age 71 years; range 32 – 101 years). The most appropriate technique (re-cut, balloon dilation or fully covered self-expandable metal stent [FCSEMS] placement) was tailored according to underlying pathologies and anatomical features.
Results Technical success was achieved in all cases (100 %).Clinical success (definitive clearance of common bile duct stones and liver test normalization) was achieved in 127 out of 139 patients (91.4 %) with a mean follow up of 12 months.12 clinical failures occurred: 11 patients required a new ERCP after an average of 9 months meanwhile 1 patient required surgery for definite treatment. The overall complication rate was 9 % (13 /139) with 5 acute complications (intra-procedural) and 8 short-term complications (before 1 month). Group specific overall complication rates were as follow: re-cut 11.5 % (8 bleeds and 3 perforations), balloon dilation 25 % (4 mild PEP [post-ERCP pancreatitis]), FCSEMS 14.3 % (1 moderate PEP), re-cut + balloon dilation and re-cut + FCSEMS 0 %. A statistically significant higher risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis was highlighted in the balloon dilation group meanwhile re-cut was burdened by a higher risk of bleeding and perforation.
Conclusions Revision ERCP following previous bEST is a feasible procedure enabling clinical success in most cases. Different approaches are available and must be considered according to underlying pathologies. Re-cut is burdened by a higher risk of perforation and bleeding compared to balloon dilation and SEMS meanwhile balloon dilation is associated to increased risk of PEP.
Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Relationship to Serum Levels of Osteopontin
Authors: Saki Forough , Sheikhi Abdolkarim , Omrani Gholam , Karimi Hamid , Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad , Mousavinasab Seyed 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients are at risk of osteoporosis and fracture due to the osteoblast and osteoclast malfunction. Osteopontin (OPN) as the major non-collagenous bone matrix protein is produced by osteoblasts and osteoclasts and involve in bone resorption, formation and remodeling. To evaluate the serum levels of OPN, bone mineral density (BMD) and correlation in patients with T1DM this study was designed.
In this case-control study, 87 children with T1DM and 87 age/sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Blood samples were tested for OPN levels by ELISA. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD.
The mean levels of BMD in patients was significantly lower than control group (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between patients and healthy subjects regarding the levels of OPN. However, in patients with high levels of OPN (mean+1.5 standard deviation) the BMD was significantly lower than other patients (p<0.0001). Totally there was a negative correlation between serum levels of OPN and BMD in patients with T1DM (p<0.016).
These results indicated that the BMD in T1DM is less than healthy children and elevated level of OPN in patients could be associated with low BMD. A linear negative correlation between serum OPN and total BMD of T1DM patients compared to control group was noticed in this study indicating that the amount of serum OPN could be effective on BMD and a good predicting factor for osteoporosis in patients.
Diagnose- und Verordnungsverhalten von Haus- und Fachärzten bei Patienten mit Demenz 2005 und 2015 in Deutschland
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Kostev Karel 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Ändern sich von 2005 – 2015 die ärztlichen Diagnose- und Therapiegewohnheiten bei Patienten mit Demenz (PmD)?
Methoden Retrospektive Auswertung von Diagnose- und Verordnungsdaten von 398 Hausarzt- (HA) und 50 Facharztpraxen (FA).
Ergebnisse HA: Demenz-Prävalenzzunahme um 40,4 % mit leichter Senkung des Anteils von Alzheimer-Patienten von 20,8 % auf 19,2 %. FA: Demenz-Prävalenzzunahme um 52,4 % mit gleichzeitigem Anstieg des Alzheimer-Anteils von 45,6 % auf 61,7 %.
Schlussfolgerungen Veränderungspotenzial in HA-Praxen gering. Lassen sich zukünftig HA-Gewohnheiten ändern? Wie können FA-Praxen besser integriert werden?
Von Coimbra nach Tobol’sk
Authors: Pandžić Zvonko 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWorldwide missionary activities from the 16th century onward were not limited to the New World and overseas in general, but also in East Central Europe in the wake of sectarian struggles following the Reformation. Soon after the Tridentine Council (1545–1563), the Jesuits spread their activities to all countries between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas. Not only Catholic but also Lutheran and Calvinist missionaries went to Poland-Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, and other countries. The first Polish grammar (Statorius 1568) was published principally for the Calvinist mission in Poland, while the first Slovenian grammar was printed in Wittenberg (Bochorizh 1584) for the use of Lutheran missionaries in the predominantly Catholic Slovenia. This article examines the missionary background and the vernacular character of two further missionary grammars of the Slavic languages. The first Croatian grammar by Bartul Kašić (1575–1650) was printed in Rome for the use of Catholic Jesuit missionaries from Italy working in Illyricum (Kašić 1604). Kašić’s choice of thešto-dialect to be the literary norm in missionary publications substantially determined the further standardization history of the Croatian language. Almost a hundred years later H. W. Ludolf (1696) succeeded in printing the first Russian grammar for the Lutheran-Pietistic mission in Muscovy, a milestone on the way to the “refinement” of the Russian vernacular intended by Ludolf to make it the literary language of the Russian Empire. The first grammars of the Slavic vernacular languages can, therefore, be rightly called missionary grammars. This designation also applies to the first grammars of the non-Slavic languages in the Baltic States and Hungary (and, beyond Europe, in the largely Eastern Orthodox Armenia and Ethiopia). Whatever their sect, the authors of these missionary grammars were motivated by rivalry with other Christian denominations in Slavic and non-Slavic speaking countries of the Christian East.
From Description to Prescription
Authors: Zabarah Hana 
Published: May 2017

SummaryOnce the need to learn a language arises, grammatical instructional manuals evolve from descriptive grammars of that language. Language description involves the uncovering of the rules of the language from collected data, and teaching those rules is the reason grammatical manuals exist. The most comprehensive descriptive grammar of Arabic is Sībawayhi’sKitāb(d. ca.161–94 AH/777–810 A.D.). He includes the rules of Arabic as he deduced them from the language of the Arabs. As time passed and the need to learn Arabic increased, many grammarians started to write grammatical manuals for beginners. Sībawayhi’s monumental work was too speculative and highly theoretical for this task and was never suitable for instruction. The descriptiveness of Sībawayhi’sKitābneeded to morph into a more approachable grammar. Zağğāğī’sĞumal(d. ca.337–340/948–951) and Ibn Bābašāḏ’sMuqaddima(d.469/1077) are two instructional manuals that are concise and more suitable for beginners. This study examines how pedagogy in Zağğāğī’sĞumaland Ibn Bābašāḏ’sMuqaddimaevolved from the descriptive rules of Sībawayhi’sKitābthrough a careful analysis ofistiṯnā’“exception” rules presented by each grammarian in this study. Although the rules are essentially the same in all three books, presentation and description or lack thereof are sufficiently different illustrating their distinct objectives.
Compulsory African language learning at a South African university
Authors: Rudwick Stephanie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
While many universities in the world are making provisions to include the English language in their institutional structure, the South African University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) is opposing the hegemony of English in its institution. The University has launched a language policy and planning (LPP) strategy that makes provisions first to incorporate the vernacular language Zulu as language of learning and teaching, and second, to promote it as a subject. In this vein, the institution recently made an unprecedented decision for the South African higher education system. Since the first semester of 2014, a specific Zulu language module is a mandatory subject for undergraduate students who have no proficiency in the language. Although considered a watershed moment among many African language promoters, the mandatory ruling is fiercely discussed and debated in the institution and beyond. Theoretically grounded in Language Management Theory (LMT) and empirically based on semi-ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the interplay between macro and micro language dynamics at UKZN in the context of the mandatory Zulu module. In juxtaposing interview discourses of language policy stakeholders with those of Zulu lecturers, the study reveals a stark discrepancy between macro and micro language management at this university. The article argues that this mismatch between the language policy intents and actual practices on the ground is symptomatic for South Africa’s language policy in education being shaped more by ideological interests than by pedagogical regards.
Buttering their bread on both sides?
Authors: De Meulder Maartje , Murray Joseph J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the past two decades, a wave of campaigns to recognise sign languages have taken place in numerous countries. These campaigns sought official recognition of national sign languages, with the aim of enhancing signers’ social mobility and protecting the vitality of sign languages. These activities differ from a long history of sign language planning from a ‘language as a problem’ approach largely used by educators and policymakers to date. However, the instrumental rights and social mobility obtained as a result have thus far been limited with educational linguistic and language acquisition rights especially lacking. This article identifies two reasons for this situation. First, a view of Sign Language Peoples (SLPs) from a medical perspective has led to confusion about the meaning of linguistic rights for them and led governments to treat sign language planning differently than that for spoken languages. Furthermore, SLPs political participation is hindered by recognition being offered by governments without substantial commitments to financial resources, changes in government practices or greater inclusion of sign languages in public life. One exception to this trend are sign language planning bodies, but even these face challenges in the implementation phase. Going forward, we argue that sign language recognition legislation should centre on deaf communities’ concerns regarding sign language vitality. In addition to a need to ensure acquisition for deaf signers, we contend that while the expansion of hearing (and deaf) new signers can be interpreted in terms of language endangerment it can also be seen as strengthening sign languages’ vitality.
Dozing eyes and drunken faces
Authors: von Prince Kilu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLike many languages of the world, the Oceanic language Daakaka (Vanuatu) uses idiomatic combinations of body-part terms and verbs to express emotions, medical conditions and related concepts. However, languages differ in how they express the same concepts nominally. I will contrast the nominalization strategy found in Daakaka with other languages and discuss the differences. I will argue that the nominalization strategy in Daakaka is less transparent than its alternatives but that it allows for the formation of a paradigm that also includes meteorological expressions. This phenomenon highlights the need to look beyond individual lexemes when comparing lexical classes and derivational processes cross-linguistically.1
Iconicity in argument structure
Authors: Oomen Marloes 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA long tradition of psych-verb research in spoken languages has demonstrated that they constitute a class of their own, both semantically and syntactically. This study presents a description and analysis of psych-verbs in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) in order to investigate whether this verb type displays comparable peculiarities in sign languages. The study is primarily based on data from the Corpus NGT (Crasborn et al. 2008). Firstly, the data indicate that all psych-verbs in NGT select a subject Experiencer. Secondly, it is shown that there is an iconic property of psych-verbs in NGT that lays bare a conceptual link between psychological states and locative relations: body-anchoring. The location singled out by the place of articulation of a psych-verb is associated with the metaphoric location of an emotion, or a type of behavior associated with the expression of an emotion. It is furthermore argued that the body as a whole iconically represents the container of a psychological state. The body is analyzed as a possessive determiner that may receive a first person specification as a consequence of body-anchoring. The data support such an analysis, as they suggest that sentences without an overt Experiencer yield a default first person interpretation. Thus, it is claimed that iconicity affects sentence structure and as such should be incorporated into the formal grammar system. Given that body-anchoring is the source of the effects mentioned above, it may be hypothesized that psych-verbs in NGT do not constitute a class of its own, but rather belong to a larger class of iconically motivated body-anchored verbs that share the properties mentioned above.
Downstream Migration and Multiple Dam Passage by Atlantic Salmon Smolts
Authors: Nyqvist D. , McCormick S. D. , Greenberg L. , Ardren W. R. , Bergman E. , Calles O. , Castro-Santos T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate behavior and survival of radio-tagged wild and hatchery-reared landlocked Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolts as they migrated past three hydropower dams equipped with fish bypass solutions in the Winooski River, Vermont. Among hatchery-reared smolts, those released early were more likely to initiate migration and did so after less delay than those released late. Once migration was initiated, however, the late-released hatchery smolts migrated at greater speeds. Throughout the river system, hatchery-reared fish performed similarly to wild fish. Dam passage rates varied between the three dams and was highest at the dam where unusually high spill levels occurred throughout the study period. Of the 50 fish that did migrate downstream, only 10% managed to reach the lake. Migration success was low despite the presence of bypass solutions, underscoring the need for evaluations of remedial measures; simply constructing a fishway is not synonymous with providing fish passage.
Received July 8, 2016; accepted April 29, 2017 Published online June 30, 2017
Multiple Subpial Transections for Medically Refractory Epilepsy: A Disaggregated Review of Patient-Level Data
Authors: Rolston John D , Deng Hansen , Wang Doris D , Englot Dario J , Chang Edward F 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Multiple subpial transections (MST) are a treatment for seizure foci in nonresectable eloquent areas.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically review patient-level data regarding MST.

METHODS
Studies describing patient-level data for MST procedures were extracted from the Medline and PubMed databases, yielding a synthetic cohort of 212 patients from 34 studies. Data regarding seizure outcome, patient demographics, seizure type, surgery type, and complications were extracted and analyzed.

RESULTS
Seizure freedom was achieved in 55.2% of patients undergoing MST combined with resection, and 23.9% of patients undergoing MST alone. Significant predictors for seizure freedom were a temporal lobe focus (odds ratio 4.9; 95% confidence interval 1.71, 14.3) and resection of portions of the focus, when feasible (odds ratio 3.88; 95% confidence interval 2.02, 7.45). Complications were frequent, with transient mono- or hemiparesis affecting 19.8% of patients, transient dysphasia 12.3%, and permanent paresis or dysphasia in 6.6% and 1.9% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION
MST is an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy in eloquent cortex, with greater chances of seizure freedom when portions of the focus are resected in tandem with MST. The reported rates of seizure freedom with MST are higher than those of existing neuromodulatory therapies, such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation, though these latter therapies are supported by randomized-controlled trials, while MST is not. The reported complication rate of MST is higher than that of resection and neuromodulatory therapies. MST remains a viable option for the treatment of eloquent foci, provided a careful risk-benefit analysis is conducted.