bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidental cannulation of amoebic liver abscess during pericardiocentesis: a case report
Authors: Verma Somil , Agrawal Chirag , Gupta Puneet , Gupta Anunay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Amoebiasis is a prevalent infection in the tropics and can sometimes present as liver abscess. Cardiac tamponade is an uncommon complication of ruptured amoebic liver abscess requiring urgent pericardiocentesis, which has a high success rate, but procedural complications can include injury to cardiac chambers, abdominal viscera, and even death. This case underscores the approach to diagnose and manage an unintended visceral puncture during pericardiocentesis, which is a rare but life-threatening complication.

Case summary
A 41-year-old male presented with intermittent fever over 2 months and chest pain for 15 days. Echocardiography revealed a significant pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade. In an emergency setting, percutaneous pericardiocentesis was attempted to drain the effusion. However, the pigtail inadvertently punctured a sizable liver abscess. Consequently, another pigtail was inserted into the pericardial cavity to successfully drain the effusion. Patient was discharged on Day 12 and is doing well at 6 months follow-up.

Discussion
A previously undiagnosed case of a ruptured amoebic liver abscess presented with the uncommon complication of cardiac tamponade, necessitating emergency pericardiocentesis, which inadvertently led to the cannulation of the liver abscess. This case underscores the significance of image-guided pericardiocentesis in minimizing procedural complications. This case also highlights the intricacies of addressing accidental visceral puncture during pericardiocentesis, specially involving the liver. It also underscores the need to consider the possibility of a ruptured amoebic liver abscess when anchovy sauce-like pus is drained from pericardial cavity, especially in high epidemiologically prevalent country like India.
Staged strategy of combined rotational atherectomy and intravascular lithotripsy for severely calcified lesions: an evaluation using multimodality intracoronary imaging—a case report
Authors: Miura Yusuke , Koyama Kohei , Izumi Keiichi , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Soejima Kyoko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Severely calcified lesions are the most significant challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention, exhibiting poor clinical outcomes. Some severely calcified lesions remain untreatable with conventional balloons or even atherectomy devices. Intravascular lithotripsy is a new option for treating severe calcification.

Case summary
Herein, we describe a case of ischaemic cardiomyopathy with a thick, circumferential calcified lesion in the proximal and mid-segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the first session, high-pressure balloons, cutting balloons, and rotational atherectomy failed to disrupt the calcification. In the staged additional treatment that was subsequently planned, eight cycles of intravascular lithotripsy created multiple fractures in the deep calcification, resulting in successful stent deployment. The effect of intravascular lithotripsy was observed mainly in calcified areas with lipid components detected using near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound.

Discussion
Our report suggests the efficacy of employing a combined strategy of rotational atherectomy with small burrs and intravascular lithotripsy in the treatment of severe calcification with a minimal risk of complications. Our study introduces a novel aspect by utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound to evaluate calcified lesions before performing intravascular lithotripsy. To our knowledge, there have been no similar reports to date. The effect of intravascular lithotripsy on calcified lesions may be related to the distribution of lipid components and/or heterogeneity within the calcification.
Transient hypoxia drives soil microbial community dynamics and biogeochemistry during human decomposition
Authors: Taylor Lois S , Mason Allison R , Noel Hannah L , Essington Michael E , Davis Mary C , Brown Veronica A , Steadman Dawnie W , DeBruyn Jennifer M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems is a dynamic process creating localized hot spots of soil microbial activity. Longer-term (beyond a few months) impacts on decomposer microbial communities are poorly characterized and do not typically connect microbial communities to biogeochemistry, limiting our understanding of decomposer communities and their functions. We performed separate year-long human decomposition trials, one starting in spring, another in winter, integrating bacterial and fungal community structure and abundances with soil physicochemistry and biogeochemistry to identify key drivers of microbial community change. In both trials, soil acidification, elevated microbial respiration, and reduced soil oxygen concentrations occurred. Changes in soil oxygen concentrations were the primary driver of microbial succession and nitrogen transformation patterns, while fungal community diversity and abundance was related to soil pH. Relative abundance of facultative anaerobic taxa (Firmicutes and Saccharomycetes) increased during the period of reduced soil oxygen. The magnitude and timing of the decomposition responses were amplified during the spring trial relative to the winter, even when corrected for thermal inputs (accumulated degree days). Further, soil chemical parameters, microbial community structure, and fungal gene abundances remained altered at the end of 1 year, suggesting longer-term impacts on soil ecosystems beyond the initial pulse of decomposition products.
Deep neural Helmholtz operators for 3-D elastic wave propagation and inversion
Authors: Zou Caifeng , Azizzadenesheli Kamyar , Ross Zachary E , Clayton Robert W 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous 3-D media are central to investigating subsurface structures and understanding earthquake processes, yet are computationally expensive for large problems. This is particularly problematic for full-waveform inversion (FWI), which typically involves numerous runs of the forward process. In machine learning there has been considerable recent work in the area of operator learning, with a new class of models called neural operators allowing for data-driven solutions to partial differential equations. Recent work in seismology has shown that when neural operators are adequately trained, they can significantly shorten the compute time for wave propagation. However, the memory required for the 3-D time domain equations may be prohibitive. In this study, we show that these limitations can be overcome by solving the wave equations in the frequency domain, also known as the Helmholtz equations, since the solutions for a set of frequencies can be determined in parallel. The 3-D Helmholtz neural operator is 40 times more memory-efficient than an equivalent time-domain version. We use a Helmholtz neural operator for 2-D and 3-D elastic wave modelling, achieving two orders of magnitude acceleration compared to a baseline spectral element method. The neural operator accurately generalizes to variable velocity structures and can be evaluated on denser input meshes than used in the training simulations. We also show that when solving for wavefields strictly at the free surface, the accuracy can be significantly improved via a graph neural operator layer. In leveraging automatic differentiation, the proposed method can serve as an alternative to the adjoint-state approach for 3-D FWI, reducing the computation time by a factor of 350.
Immunity to Non-Dengue Flaviviruses Impacts Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specificity in Cambodia
Authors: Odio Camila D , Yek Christina , Hasund Chloe M , Man Somnang , Ly Piseth , Nhek Sreynik , Chea Sophana , Lon Chanthap , Voirin Charlie , Huy Rekol , Leang Rithea , Huch Chea , Lamirande Elaine W , Whitehead Stephen S , Oliveira Fabiano , Manning Jessica E , Katzelnick Leah C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Seroprevalence studies are the standard for disease surveillance, and serology determined eligibility for the first dengue vaccine. Expanding flavivirus co-circulation and vaccination complicate testing. We evaluate the accuracy of a common dengue virus serological assay, examine immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses as a contributor to decreased performance, and assess whether alternative cut points may improve assay performance.

Methods
Children (n = 770) aged 2–9 years in Kampong Speu, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study, and PanBio indirect dengue virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using dengue viruses were performed on a subset to assess the accuracy of the IgG ELISA, and PRNTs with Zika, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses evaluated immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses. Receiver operating curve analysis identified an alternative cut point to improve IgG ELISA accuracy.

Results
The dengue IgG ELISA had a lower specificity than previously reported (58% vs 93%–100%). Of those with false-positive IgG results, 46% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against other flaviviruses including 14% against West Nile virus. A higher IgG cut point improved the test accuracy in this population.

Conclusions
Physicians and public health authorities should be alert for West Nile in Cambodia. Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses can impact dengue surveillance.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03534245.
Getting rapid diagnostic test data into the appropriate hands by leveraging pharmacy staff and a clinical surveillance platform: a case study from a US community hospital
Authors: Frens Jeremy , Baumeister Tyler , Sinclair Emily , Zeigler Dustin , Hurst John , Hill Brandon , McElmeel Sonya , Le Page Stéphanie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To outline the procedural implementation and optimization of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results for bloodstream infections (BSIs) and to evaluate the combination of RDTs with real-time antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) support plus clinical surveillance platform (CSP) software on time to appropriate therapy in BSIs at a single health system.

Methods
Blood culture reporting and communication were reported for four time periods: (i) a pre-BCID [BioFire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel] implementation period that consisted of literature review and blood culture notification procedure revision; (ii) a BCID implementation period that consisted of BCID implementation, real-time results notification via CSP, and creation of a treatment algorithm; (iii) a post-BCID implementation period; and (iv) a BCID2 implementation period. Time to appropriate therapy metrics was reported for the BCID2 time period.

Results
The mean time from BCID2 result to administration of effective antibiotics was 1.2 h (range 0–7.9 h) and time to optimal therapy was 7.6 h (range 0–113.8 h) during the BCID2 Panel implementation period. When comparing time to optimal antibiotic administration among patients growing ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales, the BCID2 Panel group (mean 2.8 h) was significantly faster than the post-BCID Panel group (17.7 h; P = 0.0041).

Conclusions
Challenges exist in communicating results to the appropriate personnel on the healthcare team who have the knowledge to act on these data and prescribe targeted therapy against the pathogen(s) identified. In this report, we outline the procedures for telephonic communication and CSP support that were implemented at our health system to distribute RDT data to individuals capable of assessing results, enabling timely optimization of antimicrobial therapy.
Atypical bacteria in pediatric sickle cell patients with acute chest syndrome
Authors: Oberholtzer Kelsey , Van Tassell Benjamin , El-Amin Nadirah , Noda Cady 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the frequency of Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae in a large contemporary real-world data set. This was a retrospective database analysis utilizing data collected from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, which provided access to electronic medical records for patients from 78 different healthcare organizations. Data were collected using ICD-10 codes and laboratory test order codes from TriNetX. Inclusion criteria are patients less than or equal to 18 years old with SCD with an ICD-10 code for ACS or pneumonia. Patients were included in the primary outcome analysis if they had a laboratory code for a rapid diagnostic test for M. pneumoniae and/or C. pneumoniae performed by either nasal swab or respiratory culture. There were 6762 pediatric sickle cell patients with an ICD-10 code for ACS or pneumonia identified. Of these patients, only 16.3% were tested for M. pneumoniae and 17.1% were tested for C. pneumoniae. The patients who were tested for these atypical organisms were further investigated for positivity on rapid diagnostic testing, and the positivity rate in these patients was 1.1% for M. pneumoniae and less than or equal to 0.87% for C. pneumoniae. Pediatric patients with ACS who were tested for M. pnuemoniae and C. pnuemoniae had low rates of positivity for these organisms. Most of these patients did not have recorded microbiologic testing, showing evidence of a large underutilization of diagnostic tools available that could assist with de-escalation of antibiotics.
The 4D Camera: An 87 kHz Direct Electron Detector for Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ercius Peter , Johnson Ian J , Pelz Philipp , Savitzky Benjamin H , Hughes Lauren , Brown Hamish G , Zeltmann Steven E , Hsu Shang-Lin , Pedroso Cassio C S , Cohen Bruce E , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Paul David , Joseph John M , Stezelberger Thorsten , Czarnik Cory , Lent Matthew , Fong Erin , Ciston Jim , Scott Mary C , Ophus Colin , Minor Andrew M , Denes Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We describe the development, operation, and application of the 4D Camera—a 576 by 576 pixel active pixel sensor for scanning/transmission electron microscopy which operates at 87,000 Hz. The detector generates data at ∼480 Gbit/s which is captured by dedicated receiver computers with a parallelized software infrastructure that has been implemented to process the resulting 10–700 Gigabyte-sized raw datasets. The back illuminated detector provides the ability to detect single electron events at accelerating voltages from 30 to 300 kV. Through electron counting, the resulting sparse data sets are reduced in size by 10--300× compared to the raw data, and open-source sparsity-based processing algorithms offer rapid data analysis. The high frame rate allows for large and complex scanning diffraction experiments to be accomplished with typical scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning parameters.
Nuclear expansion and chromatin structure remodeling in mouse aging neurons
Authors: Kriukov Dmitrii , Eremenko Ekaterina , Smirnov Dmitrii , Stein Daniel , Tsitrina Alexandra , Golova Anastasia , Einav Monica , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Toiber Debra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aging, particularly in the brain, involves impairments in multiple cellular functions, many regulated at the nucleus. Chromatin structure plays a critical role in regulating gene expression and the maintenance of genomic stability. During differentiation, each cell type acquire their unique topology, this should be kept for a lifetime, but may deteriorate as we age. However, the effects of aging on the chromatin 3D structure of neurons remain largely unknown and much has been inferred from senescent cells. By combining chromosome conformation capture and microscopy techniques, we investigated cortical neurons of young and aged mice and discovered signs of neuronal nuclear expansion during neuronal aging, leading to increased distances between chromosomes. This expansion alters the topology of compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. While larger TADs tend to dissociate, smaller TADs and loops exhibit strengthened interactions of chromatin in aged neurons. These topological changes impact the borders of TADs, resulting in weakening, this is parallel to Lamin-B weakening and nuclear envelope alterations. We attribute these alterations to changes in physical forces of an expanding nucleus, driving the distancing of chromosomes filling a growing nuclear area, affecting gene expression and topology, contributing to the functional declines observed during aging.
Making sense of feelings
Authors: Key Brian , Brown Deborah J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Internal feeling states such as pain, hunger, and thirst are widely assumed to be drivers of behaviours essential for homeostasis and animal survival. Call this the ‘causal assumption’. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the causal assumption is incompatible with the standard view of motor action in neuroscience. While there is a well-known explanatory gap between neural activity and feelings, there is also a disjuncture in the reverse direction—what role, if any, do feelings play in animals if not to cause behaviour? To deny that feelings cause behaviours might thus seem to presage epiphenomenalism—the idea that subjective experiences, including feelings, are inert, emergent and, on some views, non-physical properties of brain processes. Since epiphenomenalism is antagonistic to fundamental commitments of evolutionary biology, the view developed here challenges the standard view about the function of feelings without denying that feelings have a function. Instead, we introduce the ‘sense making sense’ hypothesis—the idea that the function of subjective experience is not to cause behaviour, but to explain, in a restricted but still useful sense of ‘explanation’. A plausible framework is derived that integrates commonly accepted neural computations to blend motor control, feelings, and explanatory processes to make sense of the way feelings are integrated into our sense of how and why we do and what we do.
Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Impaired Bone Density Among Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection
Authors: Dzavakwa Nyasha V , Simms Victoria , Gregson Celia L , Chisenga Molly , Filteau Suzanne , Kasonka Lackson , Kranzer Katharina , Banda-Mabuda Hildah , Mujuru Hilda , Redzo Nicol , Mukwasi-Kahari Cynthia , Rowland-Jones Sarah L , Schaible Ulrich E , Ferrand Rashida A ,   VITALITY team, Carr Emily , Hauptmann Matthias , McHugh Grace , Gea-Mallorqui Ester , Leschczyk Christoph , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Manyanga Tadious , Mudzingwa Tsitsi S , Mutasa Kudakwashe , Namukonda Cassandra , Sichibalo N R Karen , Tembo Mizinga 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Stunting and pubertal delay are common among children growing up with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are associated with bone and muscle impairments. We investigated factors associated with bone density and muscle function in adolescents living with HIV (ALWH).

Methods
The VITALITY trial (PACTR202009897660297) investigated whether vitamin D and calcium supplementation improves musculoskeletal health among ALWH. A total of 842 ALWH aged 11–19 years, established on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months, were enrolled from HIV clinics in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Clinical history and examination were undertaken, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) was measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured total-body-less-head bone mineral density adjusted for height (TBLH-BMDHT), and lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) z scores. The association between a priori–defined covariates and musculoskeletal outcomes were investigated using baseline enrollment data and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
TBLH-BMDHT z scores were impaired (mean, −1.42 for male and −0.63 female participants), as were LS-BMAD z scores (mean −1.15 for male and −0.47 for female participants). In bivariate analysis, early pubertal stage, less physical activity, and older age at ART initiation were associated with lower TBLH-BMDHT z scores. Younger age, early pubertal stage, and low socioeconomic status were associated with lower LS-BMAD z scores. Grip-strength-for-height and jump-power-for-height z scores were associated with lower TBLH-BMDHT and LS-BMAD z scores. Low dietary vitamin D and calcium were associated with lower adjusted TBLH-BMDHT z scores. Lower 25(OH)D3 was associated with lower adjusted TBLH-BMDHT and LS-BMAD z scores.

Conclusions
Deficits in bone density are common in ALWH. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation and promotion of exercise may improve musculoskeletal health among perinatally infected ALWH.
Dietary Restraint and Food Addiction
Authors: Wiss David A. , Tomiyama A. Janet 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to describe the interconnections between dietary restraint and food addiction. While vulnerability to food addiction through dietary restraint has not been established, there is merit in carefully examining the bidirectional connections between the two. Our conceptual model highlights important additional connections between obesity and body dissatisfaction, as well as moderating roles of various eating disorders. Two clinical vignettes illustrate intricacies among these relationships, highlighting important and exciting future directions. Recommendations for case conceptualization for professionals working with eating disorders and food addiction include consideration of the temporal sequence of symptom onset, the presence of comorbidities, and individualized treatment, which can discern as well as combine divergent food philosophies. Misguided treatments may lead to clinically significant eating disorders or worsen food addiction symptoms over the long run. A nuanced examination of the bidirectional relationship between dietary restraint and food addiction is timely and warranted.
Orexins in Food and Addiction
Authors: James Morgan H. , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptide system as a common brain system underlying seeking and craving of foods and drugs of abuse. The orexin system is readily engaged by both palatable foods and drugs of abuse, as well as by stimuli that predict their availability. Orexin release, in turn, engages downstream reward structures to promote motivated food- or drug-directed behaviors. Chronic exposure to food or drugs results in increased numbers and excitability of orexin-expressing neurons, and compounds that block orexin signaling (particularly at the orexin-1 receptor) are effective at reducing food and drug behaviors. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of this evidence, which together points to the potential utility of orexin-based compounds for the management of “addiction” to both drugs of abuse and certain foods.
The Neuroscience of Food ‘Wanting’ and ‘Liking’
Authors: Warlow Shelley M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Reward can be parsed into separate psychological features mediated by distinct neurobiological mechanisms. Motivation to pursue and consume rewards (‘wanting’) is largely mediated by brain dopamine and other neuropeptides among several reward-related areas within mesocorticolimbic circuitry. Pleasure derived from reward (‘liking’) is generated more independently of dopamine, and instead by transmission of opioids and other peptides in more localized regions within the brain’s reward circuitry (i.e., hedonic hotspots). The incentive sensitization theory of addiction proposes that neural adaptations caused by exposure to drugs of abuse increase ‘wanting’ over time, while ‘liking’ stays relatively the same. Highly palatable foods may cause similar neural and behavioral sensitization of brain ‘wanting’ systems, providing a potential framework with which to study the neuroscience of food addiction.