bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptosporidium in humans and animals—a one health approach to prophylaxis
Authors: Ryan U. , Zahedi A. , Paparini A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCryptosporidium is a major cause of moderate‐to‐severe diarrhoea in humans worldwide, second only to rotavirus. Due to the wide host range and environmental persistence of this parasite, cryptosporidiosis can be zoonotic and associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Currently, 31 species are recognized as valid, and of these, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for the majority of infections in humans. The immune status of the host, both innate and adaptive immunity, has a major impact on the severity of the disease and its prognosis. Immunocompetent individuals typically experience self‐limiting diarrhoea and transient gastroenteritis lasting up to 2 weeks and recover without treatment, suggesting an efficient host antiparasite immune response. Immunocompromised individuals can suffer from intractable diarrhoea, which can be fatal. Effective drug treatments and vaccines are not yet available. As a result of this, the close cooperation and interaction between veterinarians, health physicians, environmental managers and public health operators is essential to properly control this disease. This review focuses on a One Health approach to prophylaxis, including the importance of understanding transmission routes for zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, improved sanitation and better risk management, improved detection, diagnosis and treatment and the prospect of an effective anticryptosporidial vaccine.
Ecological restoration of rural landscapes: stewardship, governance, and fairness
Authors: Martin Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMuch rural environmental policy reflects a largely unquestioned belief that if farmers' stewardship ethos could be improved, unsustainable land use would largely be resolved. This article suggests that though a high level of farmer commitment to sustainable land use is necessary for effective stewardship, this is far from sufficient to achieve the desired ends. This article highlights institutional challenges that are not being adequately addressed and poses unanswered questions for public policy and research. These arise from issues that include land tenure norms and rules; governance complexity and fragmentation causing transaction costs and frustration; and problems of fairness related partly to the economic incapacity of some landholders to do what is needed for sustainable land use. This article suggests rural natural resource governance should consider more carefully the accountability of government and the socioeconomic issues of rural sustainability.
MFN vs Tariff Discrimination in the Presence of Cross Ownership
Authors: Din Hong‐Ren , Andy Wang Kuang‐Cheng , Liang Wen‐Jung 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe develop a three‐country two‐firm model to examine the superiority of most favored nation (MFN) vs tariff discrimination in global welfare by taking into account the cross ownership between exporters. We obtain several interesting results as follows. First, given cross ownership of financial interests and linear demand, the government of the importing country will impose a lower (higher) tariff on the low‐cost (high‐cost) firm and the global welfare under tariff discrimination will be higher than that under MFN, regardless of whether the mode of competition is Cournot or Bertrand competition, when the magnitude of cross ownership is relatively large compared with the cost difference. Second, given the cross ownership of corporate control and linear demand, the global welfare under tariff discrimination will be identical to that under MFN.
Global Efforts in the Development of Vaccines for Tuberculosis: Requirements for Improved Vaccines Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Méndez‐Samperio P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrently, more than 9.0 million people develop acute pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) each year and about 1.5 million people worldwide die from this infection. Thus, developing vaccines to prevent active TB disease remains a priority. This article discusses recent progress in the development of new vaccines against TB and focusses on the main requirements for development of improved vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). Over the last two decades, significant progress has been made in TB vaccine development, and some TB vaccine candidates have currently completed a phase III clinical trial. The potential public health benefits of these vaccines are possible, but it will need much more effort, including new global governance investment on this research. This investment would certainly be less than the annual global financial toll of TB treatment.
Physical properties of peat soils under different land use options
Authors: Mustamo P. , Hyvärinen M. , Ronkanen A.‐K. , Kløve B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPristine peat soils are characterized by large porosity, low density and large water and organic matter contents. Drainage and management practices change peat properties by oxidation, compaction and mineral matter additions. This study examined differences in physical properties (hydraulic conductivity, water retention curve, bulk density, porosity, von Post degree of decomposition) in soil profiles of two peatland forests, a cultivated peatland, a peat extraction area and two pristine mires originally within the same peatland area. Soil hydraulic conductivity of the drained sites (median hydraulic conductivities: 3.3 × 10−5 m/s, 2.9 × 10−8 m/s and 8.5 × 10−8 m/s for the forests, the cultivated site and the peat extraction area, respectively) was predicted better by land use option than by soil physical parameters. Detailed physical measurements were accompanied by monitoring of the water levels between drains. The model ‘DRAINMOD’ was used to assess the hydrology and the rapid fluctuations seen in groundwater depths. Hydraulic conductivity values needed to match the simulation of observed depth to groundwater data were an order of magnitude greater than those determined in field measurements, suggesting that macropore flow was an important pathway at the study sites. The rapid response of depth to groundwater during rainfall events indicated a small effective porosity and this was supported by the small measured values of drainable porosity. This study highlighted the potential role of land use and macropore flow in controlling water table fluctuation and related processes in peat soils.
Multi‐phase late‐Neogene exhumation history of the Aar massif, Swiss central Alps
Authors: Valla Pierre G. , Rahn Meinert , Shuster David L. , van der Beek Peter A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe late‐Neogene evolution of the European Alps was influenced by both tectonic and climatically driven erosion processes, which are difficult to disentangle. We use low‐temperature thermochronometry data from surface and borehole samples in the Aar massif–Rhône valley (Swiss central Alps) to constrain the exhumation history of the region. Multiple exhumation events are distinguished and linked to regional‐scale tectonic deformation (before 5 Ma), short‐lived climatically driven orogen contraction (between 4 and 3 Ma), and glacial valley carving since c. 1 Ma. Compared with previous studies, we clearly show the existence of two separate exhumation phases in the Late Miocene–Pliocene and better constrain the onset of glacial valley carving. The hydrothermal activity and geothermal anomalies currently observed in the borehole have been local and short‐lived, with only a minor influence on thermochronometric observations. We thus suggest that late‐stage glacial valley carving may have triggered topography‐driven fluid flow and transient hydrothermal circulation.
Molecular characterization and targeted quantitative profiling of the sphingolipidome in rice
Authors: Ishikawa Toshiki , Ito Yukihiro , Kawai‐Yamada Maki 
Published: July 2016

SummaryRecent advances in comprehensive metabolite profiling techniques, the foundation of metabolomics, is facilitating our understanding of the functions, regulation and complex networks of various metabolites in organisms. Here, we report a quantitative metabolomics technique for complex plant sphingolipids, composed of various polar head groups as well as structural isomers of hydrophobic ceramide moieties. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was used as an experimental model of monocotyledonous plants and has been demonstrated to possess a highly complex sphingolipidome including hundreds of molecular species with a wide range of abundance. We established a high‐throughput scheme for lipid preparation and mass spectrometry‐based characterization of complex sphingolipid structures, which provided basic information to create a comprehensive theoretical library for targeted quantitative profiling of complex sphingolipids in rice. The established sphingolipidomic approach combined with multivariate analyses of the large dataset obtained clearly showed that different classes of rice sphingolipids, particularly including subclasses of glycosylinositol phosphoceramide with various sugar‐chain head groups, are distributed with distinct quantitative profiles in various rice tissues, indicating tissue‐dependent metabolism and biological functions of the lipid classes and subclasses. The sphingolipidomic analysis also highlighted that disruption of a lipid‐associated gene causes a typical sphingolipidomic change in a gene‐dependent manner. These results clearly support the utility of the sphingolipidomic approach in application to wide screening of sphingolipid‐metabolic phenotypes as well as deeper investigation of metabolism and biological functions of complex sphingolipid species in plants.
Prevention of syncopal‐type reactions after whole blood donation: a cluster‐randomized trial assessing hydration and muscle tension exercise
Authors: Morand Chrystelle , Coudurier Nicole , Rolland Carole , Thoret Sophie , Legrand Dominique , Tiberghien Pierre , Bosson Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThe prevention of presyncopal and syncopal reactions to whole blood donation is important for both the donor's safety and their retention as blood donors. The best strategy to achieve this remains debated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA prospective cluster‐randomized trial comparing three hydration modes (500 mL of an isotonic drink, 500 mL of water, just before phlebotomy, or advice to drink [control arm]) coupled or not with light muscle tensing exercises, was carried out in mobile and fixed units of two regional blood centers in southeast France between January and July 2014. The main outcome was the cumulative incidence of presyncope (feeling faint) and syncope (fainting) at the donation site or in the 48 hours after leaving the site. Secondary outcomes were the cumulative incidence of these adverse events during donation, immediately after blood donation, or within 48 hours.RESULTSOverall, presyncope or syncope occurred in 5.5% of the 4576 donors. Compared to controls, drinking 500 mL (isotonic solution or water) significantly reduced the rate of events (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55‐0.99; p = 0.041) independently of muscle tensing exercise. Muscle tensing exercises significantly reduced syncopal‐type reactions during the donation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42‐0.98; p = 0.041), and an isotonic drink significantly reduced delayed off‐site syncopal‐type reactions (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.98; p = 0.040) and tiredness after donation (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59‐0.94; p = 0.014).CONCLUSIONSDrinking 500mL of water or isotonic drink close to phlebotomy is useful in preventing presyncopal or syncopal reactions in blood donors. Isotonic drinks have the advantage of preventing delayed reactions and tiredness after whole blood donation.
Transdisciplinary weed research: new leverage on challenging weed problems?
Authors: Jordan N , Schut M , Graham S , Barney J N , Childs D Z , Christensen S , Cousens R D , Davis A S , Eizenberg H , Ervin D E , Fernandez‐Quintanilla C , Harrison L J , Harsch M A , Heijting S , Liebman M , Loddo D , Mirsky S B , Riemens M , Neve P , Peltzer D A , Renton M , Williams M , Recasens J , Sønderskov M 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTransdisciplinary weed research (TWR) is a promising path to more effective management of challenging weed problems. We define TWR as an integrated process of inquiry and action that addresses complex weed problems in the context of broader efforts to improve economic, environmental and social aspects of ecosystem sustainability. TWR seeks to integrate scholarly and practical knowledge across many stakeholder groups (e.g. scientists, private sector, farmers and extension officers) and levels (e.g. local, regional and landscape). Furthermore, TWR features democratic and iterative processes of decision‐making and collective action that aims to align the interests, viewpoints and agendas of a wide range of stakeholders. The fundamental rationale for TWR is that many challenging weed problems (e.g. herbicide resistance or extensive plant invasions in natural areas) are better addressed systemically, as a part of broad‐based efforts to advance ecosystem sustainability, rather than as isolated problems. Addressing challenging weed problems systemically can offer important new leverage on such problems, by creating new opportunities to manage their root causes and by improving complementarity between weed management and other activities. While promising, this approach is complicated by the multidimensional, multilevel, diversely defined and unpredictable nature of ecosystem sustainability. In practice, TWR can be undertaken as a cyclic process of (i) initial problem formulation, (ii) ‘broadening’ of the problem formulation and recruitment of stakeholder participants, (iii) deliberation, negotiation and design of an action agenda for systemic change, (iv) implementation action, (v) monitoring and assessment of outcomes and (vi) reformulation of the problem situation and renegotiation of further actions. Notably, ‘purposive’ disciplines (design, humanities and arts) have central, critical and recurrent roles in this process, as do integrative analyses of relevant multidimensional and multilevel factors, via multiple natural and social science disciplines. We exemplify this process in prospect and retrospect. Importantly TWR is not a replacement for current weed research; rather, the intent is to powerfully leverage current efforts.
Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends across Sweden, 1956–2013
Authors: Minola Lorenzo , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Chen Deliang 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Multidecadal variability of observed near-surface wind speed from 24 stations across Sweden has been analyzed for 1956–2013, with a focus on 1979–2008 (incorporating an additional 9 stations) for comparison with previous studies. Wind speed data have been subjected to a robust data processing protocol, consisting of quality control, reconstruction, and homogenization, by using geostrophic wind speed series as reference. The homogenized dataset displays a significant (at p &lt; 0.05) downward trend for 1956–2013 (−0.06 m s−1 decade−1) and an even larger decreasing trend for 1979–2008 (−0.14 m s−1 decade−1). However, differences have been observed seasonally, with significant decreasing values in spring, summer, and autumn and a small downward trend in winter for 1956–2013. Most interestingly, a nonsignificant wind speed increase has been detected in winter for 1979–2008, which contrasts with the marked “stilling” reported for this season in much of midlatitude regions. The decreasing rate in wind speed is larger for coastal stations and in the southern part of Sweden. Decreasing trends were found at 91.7% of the stations during summer, whereas 58.3% of the stations displayed decreasing trends in winter. On the contrary, increasing trends occurred in 41.7% of the stations for winter and in only 8.3% for summer. The possible impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index has also been investigated, showing evidence that the small increasing trend in winter for 1979–2008 is hypothetically associated with the positive tendency of the NAO index during the last decades. These results reveal the influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation on wind speed variability across Sweden.
A Novel Approach to Identify Sources of Errors in IMERG for GPM Ground Validation
Authors: Tan Jackson , Petersen Walter A. , Tokay Ali 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The comparison of satellite and high-quality, ground-based estimates of precipitation is an important means to assess the confidence in satellite-based algorithms and to provide a benchmark for their continued development and future improvement. To these ends, it is beneficial to identify sources of estimation uncertainty, thereby facilitating a precise understanding of the origins of the problem. This is especially true for new datasets such as the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product, which provides global precipitation gridded at a high resolution using measurements from different sources and techniques. Here, IMERG is evaluated against a dense network of gauges in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A novel approach is presented, leveraging ancillary variables in IMERG to attribute the errors to the individual instruments or techniques within the algorithm. As a whole, IMERG exhibits some misses and false alarms for rain detection, while its rain-rate estimates tend to overestimate drizzle and underestimate heavy rain with considerable random error. Tracing the errors to their sources, the most reliable IMERG estimates come from passive microwave satellites, which in turn exhibit a hierarchy of performance. The morphing technique has comparable proficiency with the less skillful satellites, but infrared estimations perform poorly. The approach here demonstrated that, underlying the overall reasonable performance of IMERG, different sources have different reliability, thus enabling both IMERG users and developers to better recognize the uncertainty in the estimate. Future validation efforts are urged to adopt such a categorization to bridge between gridded rainfall and instantaneous satellite estimates.
Two Types of Strong Local Wind Captured by Simultaneous Multiple-Site Radiosonde Soundings across a Mountain Range
Authors: Komatsu Kensuke K. , Tachibana Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA radiosonde observation method is presented, consisting of simultaneous radiosonde observations at closely spaced multiple sites using balloons with varied buoyancies. This method was employed during a strong wind event (Suzuka-oroshi) on the lee side of the Suzuka mountain range, Japan, to derive the detailed structure of the wind as it crossed the mountains. Batches of six radiosondes were launched simultaneously from a line of four sites, using balloons with three different degrees of buoyancy. The four sites were 13 km apart along a 35-km-long transect roughly aligned with the prevailing wind. The observations documented two flow regimes: a downslope flow perpendicular to the mountain range, similar to a windstorm, and an unexpectedly strong low-level jet flowing parallel to the mountain range. The method was more successful at delineating the first regime than the second. The first regime was well simulated by a numerical experiment, but the second regime was not. The vertical wind associated with the downslope windstorm was inferred from the changing slopes of potential temperature isentropes. Comparison of the balloon ascent rates with these isentropes meanders and the simulated vertical wind showed that fluctuations in balloon ascent rate provide reliable information on the vertical direction of the wind. An analysis of the second regime using a long-term meteorological dataset shows that the onset of the low-level jet is related to the synoptic-scale shift in vorticity from positive to negative in the observation area. This vorticity shift appears to be a useful indicator for the low-level jet regime.
Targeted sequencing of refractory myeloma reveals a high incidence of mutations in CRBN and Ras pathway genes
Authors: Kortüm K. Martin , Mai Elias K. , Hanafiah Nur H. , Shi Chang-Xi , Zhu Yuan-Xiao , Bruins Laura , Barrio Santiago , Jedlowski Patrick , Merz Maximilian , Xu Jing , Stewart Robert A. , Andrulis Mindaugas , Jauch Anna , Hillengass Jens , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Bergsagel P. Leif , Braggio Esteban , Stewart A. Keith , Raab Marc S. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
The incidence of mutations within the MAPK pathway, the CRBN pathway, and TP53 is significantly increased in drug-refractory MM. Mutations in CRBN might contribute to IMiD resistance in drug-refractory MM.
Brentuximab vedotin and AVD followed by involved-site radiotherapy in early stage, unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kumar Anita , Casulo Carla , Yahalom Joachim , Schöder Heiko , Barr Paul M. , Caron Philip , Chiu April , Constine Louis S. , Drullinsky Pamela , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Gerecitano John F. , Hamilton Audrey , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Jacob Alexandra G. , Matasar Matthew J. , McArthur Gianna N. , McCall Susan J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Noy Ariela , Palomba Maria L. , Portlock Carol S. , Straus David J. , VanderEls Nicholas , Verwys Stephanie L. , Yang Joanna , Younes Anas , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Zhang Zhigang , Moskowitz Craig H. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
BV and AVD followed by ISRT is well tolerated, without significant pulmonary toxicity. BV and AVD followed by ISRT is an effective therapy for unfavorable-risk early stage HL, including bulky disease.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Clinical and immuno-proteomic approach on Lantana camara pollen allergy—a major health hazard
Authors: Ghosal Kavita , Saha Bodhisattwa , Gupta Bhattacharya Swati 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing gradually and is a global burden affecting the socio-economic quality of life. Identification of allergens is the first step towards paving the way for therapeutic interventions against atopic diseases. Our previous investigation figured out that total pollen load correlated significantly with the rise of respiratory allergy in a subtropical city in India. The most dominant pollen responsible for IgE sensitivity in most patients emerged to be from Lantana camara (LC) an obnoxious weed growing in and around suburban areas of West Bengal. In this study, we identified allergenic components from this shrub using an immunoproteomic approach.

Methods
Determination of dominant pollen species was done using aerobiological sampling during two consecutive years and correlated with hospitalization and skin prick test. Serum was collected from LC positive patients and checked for in vitro allergenicity using ELISA and Histamine assay. Total proteome was profiled in SDS–PAGE, 2D PAGE and immunoblotted to detect IgE binding proteins which were further identified using mass spectrometry.

Results
Lantana camara pollen emerged as a significant contributor from the correlation study with hospital admission of the respiratory allergy sufferers and its extract demonstrated an elevated IgE response in ELISA and histamine release assay tests. Five IgE reactive bands/zones were observed in 1D blot which resolved to 12 allergo-reactive spots in the 2D blot. Mass spectrometric analysis identified nine spots that grouped into four diverse proteins. Pathogenesis-related Thaumatin-like protein was found to be one of the major allergens in Lantana camara.

Conclusions
This is to our knowledge the first attempt to identify allergens from Lantana camara using a proteomic approach. The allergens identified thereof can be used to prepare hypoallergenic vaccine candidates and design immunotherapy trials against LC pollen and other aeroallergen carriers which are cross-reactive and harbor similar proteins.