bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cucumber mosaic virus‐infected chilli plants on non‐vector Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Saad Khalid A. , Mohamad Roff M. N. , Hallett Rebecca H. , Abd‐Ghani Idris B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlant virus infections are known to alter host plant attractiveness and suitability for insect herbivores. This study was conducted to determine how cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)‐infected chilli plants affect the fitness and settling preferences of nonvector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci adults under dual‐choice conditions with volatile organic compounds analyzed using solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Results showed that the presence of CMV in chilli plants substantially affects the settling preferences of the B. tabaci, which preferred to settle on noninfected plants. Duration of the egg stage and the longevity and fecundity of adult B. tabaci on CMV‐infected chilli plants were not markedly different from those on noninfected chilli plants. In contrast, the developmental time from egg to adult was significantly reduced in CMV‐infected chilli plants compared to the noninfected plants. The results also showed that CMV‐infected chilli plants released significantly more linalool and phenylacetaldehyde than noninfected plants. Overall, it was suggested that the behavioral response of B. tabaci might be modified by CMV‐infected plants, which alter the release of specific headspace volatiles. Based on these results, the modification of plant volatile profiles may help in enhancing the effectiveness of biological control and the protection of crop plants against B. tabaci.
On the parameterization of acoustic detection probability models
Authors: Gjelland Karl Ø. , Hedger Richard D. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Methods that aid in understanding the variation in the detection probability in acoustic telemetry can aid proper interpretations of data derived using such systems.

In their recent paper, Huveneers et al. (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 825‐835, 2016) claim that a general detection probability model (Gjelland & Hedger, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4, 665–674, 2013) does not have the intended applicability across systems. However, Huveneer et al. applies predictions for a shallow freshwater application to results from a much deeper marine application, which is an invalid use of acoustic theory and the proposed general model.

Users of acoustic telemetry are encouraged to acknowledge how environmentally induced variation in the acoustic attenuation coefficient influences the detection probability, because an understanding of this will aid prediction of how acoustic telemetry systems will work under various environmental conditions. Models used for predictions must be appropriately parameterized.

Proper incorporation of spatiotemporal variation in acoustic detection probability may help reduce effects of environmentally induced biases in detection data. We challenge scientists to make further contributions to how acoustic theory can be incorporated in the modelling of detection probability in acoustic telemetry.
Interpreting selection when individuals interact
Authors: Hadfield Jarrod D. , Thomson Caroline E. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

A useful interpretation of quantitative genetic models of evolutionary change is that they (i) define a set of phenotypes that have a causal effect on fitness and on which selection acts, and (ii) define a set of breeding values that change as a correlated response to that selection because they covary with the phenotypes.

When the expression of one trait causes variation in other traits then there are multiple paths by which a trait can cause fitness variation. Because of this, there are multiple ways in which selection can be defined, and still be consistent with a causal effect of traits on fitness.

We use this result to show that genetical theories of natural/kin selection ignore causation and because of this we suggest they shed little light on the nature of selection.

When traits expressed by an individual are affected by traits of their social partners (indirect genetic effects), we suggest a causal partitioning that allows selection to be cast in terms of Hamilton's costs and benefits.

We show that previous attempts to understand Hamilton's rule in the context of indirect genetic effects either lack generality, or do not adequately describe all the ways in which an individual's actions constitute a cost to the individual or a benefit to its social partner(s).

Our results allow us to explore Hamilton's rule in a multitrait setting. We show that evolution always increases inclusive fitness, and when the traits are measured in units of generalised genetic distance evolutionary change in the traits is in the direction in which inclusive fitness increases the fastest.

However, we show that Hamilton's rule only holds in a multitrait context when the suite of traits are at equilibrium. When they are out of equilibrium, the conditions for altruism to evolve may be more or less stringent depending on genetic architecture and how costs and benefits are defined.
Subcutaneous emphysema related to air‐powder tooth polishing: a report of three cases
Authors: Alonso V , García‐Caballero L , Couto I , Diniz M , Diz P , Limeres J 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSubcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of dental procedures and can occasionally give rise to potentially life‐threatening complications. We describe three cases of subcutaneous emphysema diagnosed in the same dental clinic. All cases occurred during tooth or implant cleaning using air polishing (KavoProphyflex®) with a sodium bicarbonate powder (Air‐N‐Go Classic®). The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and was confirmed radiologically. The cervical and facial regions were affected in all three cases, and spread to the mediastinum occurred in one case. All the episodes resolved within 3–5 days. Tooth cleaning using air polishing combined with an abrasive powder is a risk factor for subcutaneous emphysema, especially when the powder and device are from different manufacturers. Radiological assessment must be performed to rule out involvement of deep tissue planes.
New insights into the clinical signs of supraventricular tachycardia: The “sign of lace‐tying”
Authors: Blommaert Dominique , Dormal Fabien , Deceuninck Olivier , Xhaet Olivier , Ballant Elisabeth , De Roy Luc 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSupraventricular tachycardias (SVT) are a common arrhythmia therefore an accurate diagnosis is of clinical importance. Although an ECG performed during tachycardia greatly aids diagnosis, patient history and predisposing factors also improve diagnostic accuracy.MethodsThis prospective study included 100 consecutive patients undergoing electrophysiological study for SVT with the aim to reassess their clinical characteristics and describe frequent predisposing factors, such as the “sign of lace‐tying” that to our knowledge has not previously been reported. Each patient completed an extensive questionnaire (70 questions) during their hospital stay.ResultsOur series comprised: 67% of patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT); 24% with an accessory pathway; and 9% presented atrial tachycardia. Half of the population were male and 29% of the cohort presented hypertension. Syncope during tachycardia appeared in 15% of patients, dizziness in 52% and thoracic pain in 59%. We encountered a predisposing risk factor for SVT in 53% of cases; with 32% exhibiting an anteflexion of the trunk termed the “sign of lace‐tying.” Data also showed that younger patients tended to present AVRT and regular pounding in the neck appeared only in patients with AVNRT.ConclusionsOverall, our study has highlighted the importance of considering clinical signs and patient characteristics both before and during SVT for the precise diagnosis of paroxysmal SVT. Furthermore, 32% of patients presented the “sign of lace‐tying” or body position change before SVT, implying a diagnosis of SVT.
Fear, Silence, and Telling: Catholic Identity in Northern Ireland
Authors: McCormack Fiona Elisabeth 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYThe concept of “silence” is used to examine the everyday experience of lived violence in the prolonged ethnic conflict in Northern Ireland. I analyze silence as coercion, cultural censorship, embodied, and an integral component of identity and consciousness affected by a diaspora. Silence is intrinsic to the symbolic violence that is enacted in commemorations. This is a silencing of alternative histories and memories, and the ethnic identities in which these are rooted. It is also a silencing of place and an attempt to create new kinds of territorial belongings. I explore the multiple ways through which violence is manifested both symbolically and physically, penetrates the ordinary, as well as the pivotal role of borders in the creation and maintenance of boundaries. I examine how border crossing opens up a liminal space of possibilities. I argue that border regimes are not restricted to the periphery. Rather, they penetrate deep into the center into the informal spaces of the everyday. I argue that silence is a culturally learned strategy through which fear, experienced socially, can be normalized, routinized, and negotiated. I question the efficacy of truth and reconciliation commissions, as well as the drive to “speak” violence. Although the bulk of this essay relates to the production of silence during the Troubles, I extend this analysis to the present era.
Beginnings and Endings: An Autoethnographic Account of Two Zanzibari Marriages
Authors: Daly Thompson Katrina 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYIn this autoethnographic essay, I explore my identification with a young Zanzibari woman I call Asha, whose premarital activities and wedding I took part in while doing ethnographic research on Zanzibari Muslim women's weddings and marriages in 2011. When both of our marriages ended abruptly, my relationship with Asha was severed, and I use this loss to examine why I was so invested in it to begin with. [loss, marriage, Swahili, weddings, Zanzibar]
Understanding the relationship between cesarean birth and stress, anxiety, and depression after childbirth: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chen Hung‐Hui , Lai Jerry Cheng‐Yen , Hwang Shyh‐Jou , Huang Nicole , Chou Yiing‐Jenq , Chien Li‐Yin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWomen who undergo cesarean birth might have an increased risk for poor mental health after childbirth, possibly because of maternal and neonatal physical problems, low parental confidence, and decreased levels of oxytocin. However, this relationship remains controversial and requires further examination. The study aimed to examine the effect of cesarean birth on postpartum stress, anxiety, and depression.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. A total of 12 619 women who underwent cesarean birth and 12 619 control women who underwent vaginal birth were matched by propensity score based on age, socioeconomic status, residential urbanicity, antepartum comorbidity, and index year of delivery. We compared the incidence of stress, anxiety, and depression during the first postpartum year between cesarean and comparison groups by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsThe cesarean group showed a significantly higher risk for stress symptoms (IRR 1.4 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.02‐1.92]), but not anxiety (IRR 1.14 [95% CI 0.95‐1.38]) or depression (IRR 1.32 [95% CI 0.94‐1.87]), although the IRRs were also greater than one. The cesarean group had a significantly higher risk of any of the above‐listed three disorders than the comparison group (incidence 27.6 vs 23.4 per 1000 person‐years; IRR 1.18 [95% CI 1.01‐1.38]).ConclusionsCesarean birth was associated with an increased risk of postpartum stress symptoms. Health professionals should avoid unnecessary cesarean birth, pay attention to women who deliver by cesarean, and intervene appropriately in an attempt to improve mental health among postpartum women.
Centralisation of radical cystectomies for bladder cancer in England, a decade on from the ‘Improving Outcomes Guidance’: the case for super centralisation
Authors: Afshar Mehran , Goodfellow Henry , Jackson‐Spence Francesca , Evison Felicity , Parkin John , Bryan Richard T. , Parsons Helen , James Nicholas D. , Patel Prashant 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo analyse the impact of centralisation of radical cystectomy (RC) provision for bladder cancer in England, on postoperative mortality, length of stay (LoS), complications and re‐intervention rates, from implementation of centralisation from 2003 until 2014. In 2002, UK policymakers introduced the ‘Improving Outcomes Guidance’ (IOG) for urological cancers after a global cancer surgery commission identified substantial shortcomings in provision of care of RCs. One key recommendation was centralisation of RCs to high‐output centres. No study has yet robustly analysed the changes since the introduction of the IOG, to assess a national healthcare system that has mature data on such institutional transformation.Patients and MethodsRCs performed for bladder cancer in England between 2003/2004 and 2013/2014 were analysed from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Outcomes including 30‐day, 90‐day, and 1‐year all‐cause postoperative mortality; median LoS; complication and re‐intervention rates, were calculated. Multivariable statistical analysis was undertaken to describe the relationship between each surgeon and the providers’ annual case volume and mortality.ResultsIn all, 15 292 RCs were identified. The percentage of RCs performed in discordance with the IOG guidelines reduced from 65% to 12.4%, corresponding with an improvement in 30‐day mortality from 2.7% to 1.5% (P = 0.024). Procedures adhering to the IOG guidelines had better 30‐day mortality (2.1% vs 2.9%; P = 0.003) than those that did not, and better 1‐year mortality (21.5% vs 25.6%; P < 0.001), LoS (14 vs 16 days; P < 0.001), and re‐ intervention rates (30.0% vs 33.6%; P < 0.001). Each single extra surgery per centre reduced the odds of death at 30 days by 1.5% (odds ratio [OR] 0.985, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.977–0.992) and 1% at 1 year (OR 0.990, 95% CI 0.988–0.993), and significantly reduced rates of re‐intervention.ConclusionCentralisation has been implemented across England since the publication of the IOG guidelines in 2002. The improved outcomes shown, including that a single extra procedure per year per centre can significantly reduce mortality and re‐intervention, may serve to offer healthcare planners an evidence base to propose new guidance for further optimisation of surgical provision, and hope for other healthcare systems that such widespread institutional change is achievable and positive.
Sex differences in the regulation of porcine coronary artery tone by perivascular adipose tissue: a role of adiponectin?
Authors: Ahmad Abdulla A , Randall Michael D , Roberts Richard E 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeAs there is sexual dimorphism in the regulation of vascular tone, the aim of this present study was to determine whether there are sex differences in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)‐mediated regulation of the porcine coronary artery (PCA) tone.Experimental ApproachIsometric tension recording system was used to record changes in tone in PCAs. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of adiponectin in PVAT and adiponectin receptors and adiponectin binding protein (APPL1) in PCA. The level of adiponectin released from PVAT was measured using elisa.Key ResultsIn the presence of adherent PVAT, contractions to the thromboxane mimetic U46619 and endothelin‐1 were significantly reduced in PCAs from females, but not males. In PCAs pre‐contracted with U46619, re‐addition of PVAT caused relaxation in PCAs from females, but not males. This relaxant response in females was attenuated by combined inhibition of NOS (with L‐NAME) and COX (with indomethacin). Pre‐incubation with an anti‐adiponectin antibody abolished the relaxant effects of PVAT. The adiponectin receptor agonist (adipoRon) produced a greater relaxation in PCAs from females compared with males. However, there was no difference in either the expression or release of adiponectin from PVAT between sexes. Similarly, there was no difference in the expression of adiponectin receptors or the adiponectin receptor adaptor protein APPL1 in PCAs.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings demonstrate a clear sex difference in the regulation of coronary arterial tone in response to adiponectin receptor stimulation, which may underlie the anticontractile effects of PVAT in females.
Body mass index and risk of gastric cancer: A 30‐year follow‐up study in the Linxian general population trial cohort
Authors: Fan Jin‐hu , Wang Jian‐bing , Wang Shao‐ming , Abnet Christian C. , Qiao You‐lin , Taylor Philip R. 
Published: June 2017

Although a number of previous studies have noted either positive or no association for body mass index (BMI) and gastric cancer risk, little evidence exists in the Chinese population. We prospectively examined the associations of BMI with risk of gastric cancer in the Linxian General Population Trial cohort, with 29 584 healthy adults enrolled in 1985 and followed through to the end of 2014. Body weight and height were measured during physical examination at baseline and BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Body mass index from 138 subjects was missing, and a total of 29 446 participants were included in the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During 30 years of follow‐up, we confirmed 1716 newly diagnosed gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) cases and 626 new gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) cases. Overall, compared to the lowest quartile (BMI <20.32 kg/m2), subjects in the fourth quartile (BMI ≥23.31 kg/m2) subjects had lower risk of developing GNCA (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.83). Age‐ and sex‐specific analyses showed that this protective effect was only observed in men and older (52 + years) persons. No associations were observed for BMI with GCA incidence. Higher BMI was associated with decreased risk of GNCA in this population, particularly in men and older persons. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00342654.
Can animal habitat use patterns influence their vulnerability to extreme climate events? An estuarine sportfish case study
Authors: Boucek Ross E. , Heithaus Michael R. , Santos Rolando , Stevens Philip , Rehage Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlobal climate forecasts predict changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events (ECEs). The capacity for specific habitat patches within a landscape to modulate stressors from extreme climate events, and animal distribution throughout habitat matrices during events, could influence the degree of population level effects following the passage of ECEs. Here, we ask (i) does the intensity of stressors of an ECE vary across a landscape? And (ii) Do habitat use patterns of a mobile species influence their vulnerability to ECEs? Specifically, we measured how extreme cold spells might interact with temporal variability in habitat use to affect populations of a tropical, estuarine‐dependent large‐bodied fish Common Snook, within Everglades National Park estuaries (FL US). We examined temperature variation across the estuary during cold disturbances with different degrees of severity, including an extreme cold spell. Second, we quantified Snook distribution patterns when the passage of ECEs is most likely to occur from 2012 to 2016 using passive acoustic tracking. Our results revealed spatial heterogeneity in the intensity of temperature declines during cold disturbances, with some habitats being consistently 3–5°C colder than others. Surprisingly, Snook distributions during periods of greatest risk to experience an extreme cold event varied among years. During the winters of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 a greater proportion of Snook occurred in the colder habitats, while the winters of 2012–2013 and 2015–2016 featured more Snook observed in the warmest habitats. This study shows that Snook habitat use patterns could influence vulnerability to extreme cold events, however, whether Snook habitat use increases or decreases their vulnerability to disturbance depends on the year, creating temporally dynamic vulnerability. Faunal global change research should address the spatially explicit nature of extreme climate events and animal habitat use patterns to identify potential mechanisms that may influence population effects following these disturbances.
Involvement of the IgE‐basophil system and mild complement activation in haemophilia B with anti‐factor IX neutralizing antibodies and anaphylaxis
Authors: Cugno M. , Mancuso M. E. , Tedeschi A. , Santagostino E. , Lorini M. , Carbonelli V. , Peyvandi F. , Mannucci P. M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPatients with haemophilia B who develop factor IX (FIX) neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) after FIX infusion are at high risk of hypersensitivity reactions upon FIX re‐exposure, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood.AimTo investigate biomechanisms of FIX hypersensitivity.MethodsA cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST) was employed to evaluate leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release from basophils stimulated by FIX in three treated children with haemophilia B, one of whom developed FIX inhibitor and experienced anaphylaxis following FIX re‐exposure. Anti‐FIX IgE and IgG antibodies and markers of complement activation (C5b9, C3d and iC3b) were measured in plasma, the last also after FIX infusion. Ten healthy children served as controls.ResultsThe patient who developed anti‐FIX inhibitors and anaphylaxis had a nonsense mutation in FIX gene (p.Arg298Stop) and, compared to controls, had higher plasma levels of specific anti‐FIX IgE (2.285 vs 0.084 OD492 nm), with marked LTC4 release from his FIX‐stimulated basophils (519.8 vs 39.9 pg/mL). Further, he had higher plasma levels of anti‐FIX IgG of all the four subclasses (total IgG 1.180 vs 0.120 OD492 nm) with FIX neutralizing activity (1.5 BU); mild complement activation occurred during FIX‐induced anaphylaxis (C5b9 increased from 258.5 to 351.1 ng/mL). The same parameters were normal in the two patients who tolerated FIX infusion.ConclusionIn the patient with haemophilia B who experienced anaphylaxis after FIX, but not in the patients with haemophilia B who tolerated FIX, the CAST assay showed FIX‐induced LTC4 release, which was associated with high plasma levels of specific anti‐FIX IgE and IgG antibodies.