bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaching variation in PFC
Authors: Eychenne Julien , Navarro Sylvain , Tchobanov Atanas , Leussen Jan-Willem van 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the main tools used within the PFC research programme to perform a wide range of tasks, from annotation to fine-grained measurements. The chapter discusses the structure of the PFC database and its accompanying website, emphasizing the importance of open technologies and open standards in order to ensure long-term availability of the data. It then presents an overview of the main features of the two programs used to work with the PFC data: Praat, a sofware package which is used for data annotation and phonetic analysis, and Dolmen, a tool designed to manage speech corpora and query speech annotations.
Invited Commentary: Little Steps Lead to Huge Steps—It's Time to Make Physical Inactivity Our Number 1 Public Health Enemy
Authors: Church Timothy S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The analysis plan and article in this issue of the Journal by Evenson et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2016;184(9):621–632) is well-conceived, thoughtfully conducted, and tightly written. The authors utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set to examine the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity level and mortality and found that meeting the 2013 federal Physical Activity Guidelines resulted in a 35% reduction in risk of mortality. The timing of these findings could not be better, given the ubiquitous nature of personal accelerometer devices. The masses are already equipped to routinely quantify their activity, and now we have the opportunity and responsibility to provide evidenced-based, tailored physical activity goals. We have evidenced-based physical activity guidelines, mass distribution of devices to track activity, and now scientific support indicating that meeting the physical activity goal, as assessed by these devices, has substantial health benefits. All of the pieces are in place to make physical inactivity a national priority, and we now have the opportunity to positively affect the health of millions of Americans.
Non-Standard Work and Limits on Freedom of Association: A Human Rights-Based Approach
Authors: De Stefano Valerio 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The debate on how to adjust existing regulation to keep pace with the rise and spread of the non-standard workforce worldwide has mainly concentrated on individual employment law. This article means to draw attention to some collective labour regulation issues that have a significant impact on the labour protection of non-standard workers. Without subscribing to the idea that the standard employment relationship is an outmoded model of regulation, this article argues that some existing restrictions on collective rights are failing to keep pace with transformations of labour markets that occurred in recent decades and in particular with the growth in the number of non-standard workers. Consequently, these workers are legally or practically denied access to the meaningful exercise of collective rights. Some of these restrictions, such as antitrust bans on collective bargaining, regulations imposing strike ballots, limitations of secondary action and the distinction between political and economic strikes, are called into question since they disproportionately affect non-standard workers and are at odds with the recognition of collective rights, and in particular the right to strike, as human rights.
H1N1-Induced Venous Thromboembolic Events? Results of a Single-Institution Case Series
Authors: Dimakakos Evangelos , Grapsa Dimitra , Vathiotis Ioannis , Papaspiliou Aggeliki , Panagiotarakou Meropi , Manolis Emmanouil , Syrigos Konstantinos 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of 7 cases with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed novel influenza A H1N1 virus (pH1N1) infection who developed venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) while being hospitalized for influenza pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism (PE) without deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was observed in 6 of 7 cases (85.7%); PE with underlying DVT was found in 1 patient (14.3%).
Role of Cytochrome P4502B6 Polymorphisms in Ketamine Metabolism and Clearance
Authors: Rao Lesley K. , Flaker Alicia M. , Friedel Christina C. , Kharasch Evan D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
At therapeutic concentrations, cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) is the major P450 isoform catalyzing hepatic ketamine N-demethylation to norketamine in vitro. The CYP2B6 gene is highly polymorphic. The most common variant allele, CYP2B6*6, is associated with diminished hepatic CYP2B6 expression and catalytic activity compared with wild-type CYP2B6*1/*1. CYP2B6.6, the protein encoded by the CYP2B6*6 allele, and liver microsomes from CYP2B6*6 carriers had diminished ketamine metabolism in vitro. This investigation tested whether humans with the CYP2B6*6 allele would have decreased clinical ketamine metabolism and clearance.

Methods
Thirty volunteers with CYP2B6*1/*1, *1/*6, or *6/*6 genotypes (n = 10 each) received a subsedating dose of oral ketamine. Plasma and urine concentrations of ketamine and the major CYP2B6-dependent metabolites were determined by mass spectrometry. Subjects’ self-assessment of ketamine effects were also recorded. The primary outcome was ketamine N-demethylation, measured as the plasma norketamine/ketamine area under the curve ratio. Secondary outcomes included plasma ketamine enantiomer and metabolite area under the plasma concentration–time curve, maximum concentrations, apparent oral clearance, and metabolite formation clearances.

Results
There was no significant difference between CYP2B6 genotypes in ketamine metabolism or any of the secondary outcome measures. Subjective self-assessment did reveal some differences in energy and level of awareness among subjects.

Conclusions
These results show that while the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism results in diminished ketamine metabolism in vitro, this allelic variant did not affect single, low-dose ketamine metabolism, clearance, and pharmacokinetics in vivo. While in vitro drug metabolism studies may be informative, clinical investigations in general are needed to validate in vitro observations.
A Multicenter Randomized Control Trial Comparing a Novel Intramedullary Device (InterTAN) Versus Conventional Treatment (Sliding Hip Screw) of Geriatric Hip Fractures
Authors: Sanders David , Bryant Dianne , Tieszer Christina , Lawendy Abdel-Rahman , MacLeod Mark , Papp Steven , Liew Allan , Viskontas Darius , Coles Chad , Gurr Kevin , Carey Tim , Gofton Wade , Bailey Chris , Bartley Debra , Trenholm Andrew , Stone Trevor , Leighton Ross , Foxall Julia , Zomar Mauri , Trask Kelly 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To compare outcomes in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with either the sliding hip screw (SHS) or InterTAN intramedullary device (IT).

Design:
Prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial.

Setting:
Five level 1 trauma centers.

Patients:
Two hundred forty-nine patients 55 years of age or older with AO/OTA 31A1 (43) and OA/OTA 31A2 (206) fractures were prospectively enrolled and followed for 12 months.

Intervention:
Computer generated randomization to either IT (n = 123) or SHS (n = 126).

Main Outcome Measurements:
The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were used to measure function and motor performance. Secondary outcome measures included femoral shortening, complications, and mortality.

Results:
Demographics, comorbidities, preinjury FIM scores and TUG scores were similar between groups. Patients (17.2%) who received an IT had limb shortening greater than 2 cm compared with 42.9% who received an SHS (P < 0.001). To determine the importance of preinjury function and fracture stability, we analyzed the subgroup of patients with the ability to walk 150 m independently preinjury and an OA/OTA 31A-2 fracture (n = 70). In this subgroup, patients treated with SHS had greater shortening and demonstrated poorer FIM and TUG scores compared with patients treated with an IT.

Conclusions:
Overall, most patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures can expect similar functional results whether treated with an intramedullary or extramedullary device. However, active, functional patients have an improved outcome when the InterTAN is used to treat their unstable intertrochanteric fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
No Incidence of Postoperative Knee Sepsis With Suprapatellar Nailing of Open Tibia Fractures
Authors: Mitchell Phillip M. , Weisenthal Benjamin M. , Collinge Cory A. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To evaluate the incidence of knee sepsis after suprapatellar (SP) nailing of open tibia fractures.

Design:
Retrospective; Setting: ACS level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
We reviewed 139 open tibia fractures that underwent SP nailing as definitive treatment over a 5-year period (January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2016). Most patients (90%, n = 126) underwent intramedullary nailing at the time of their initial surgery. We defined knee sepsis as intra-articular infection requiring operative debridement, either open or arthroscopically, within 1 month's time.

Intervention:
Open tibia fractures treated with an SP tibial nail.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Demographic data, fracture characteristics, Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fractures, and occurrence of knee sepsis.

Results:
In 139 open tibia fractures, there were no cases of knee sepsis in the 30 days after treatment with an SP intramedullary nail. Eighty-seven percent of our cohort had Gustilo and Anderson type II (41%) or type III (46%) open fractures. Most open fractures (83%) underwent primary wound closure during the index procedures. Twenty-five limbs (18%) had evidence of infection at the open fracture site of their open fracture necessitating operative intervention and/or antibiotics: none, however, developed knee sepsis.

Conclusions:
Although the SP approach carries intra-articular risks, we found a low risk of knee sepsis using this technique in the treatment of open tibia fractures. Our data suggest that there is no greater risk of intra-articular infection using an SP portal as compared with an infrapatellar one.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Metrics of Arterial Hyperoxia and Associated Outcomes in Critical Care*
Authors: Helmerhorst Hendrik J. F. , Arts Derk L. , Schultz Marcus J. , van der Voort Peter H. J. , Abu-Hanna Ameen , de Jonge Evert , van Westerloo David J. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:Emerging evidence has shown the potential risks of arterial hyperoxia, but the lack of a clinical definition and methodologic limitations hamper the interpretation and clinical relevance of previous studies. Our purpose was to evaluate previously used and newly constructed metrics of arterial hyperoxia and systematically assess their association with clinical outcomes in different subgroups in the ICU.Design:Observational cohort study.Setting:Three large tertiary care ICUs in the Netherlands.Patients:A total of 14,441 eligible ICU patients.Interventions:None.Measurements and Main Results:In total, 295,079 arterial blood gas analyses, including the Pao2, between July 2011 and July 2014 were extracted from the patient data management system database. Data from all admissions with more than one Pao2measurement were supplemented with anonymous demographic and admission and discharge data from the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation registry. Mild hyperoxia was defined as Pao2between 120 and 200 mm Hg; severe hyperoxia as Pao2greater than 200 mm Hg. Characteristics of existing and newly constructed metrics for arterial hyperoxia were examined, and the associations with hospital mortality (primary outcome), ICU mortality, and ventilator-free days and alive at day 28 were retrospectively analyzed using regression models in different subgroups of patients. Severe hyperoxia was associated with higher mortality rates and fewer ventilator-free days in comparison to both mild hyperoxia and normoxia for all metrics except for the worst Pao2. Adjusted effect estimates for conditional mortality were larger for severe hyperoxia than for mild hyperoxia. This association was found both within and beyond the first 24 hours of admission and was consistent for large subgroups. The largest point estimates were found for the exposure identified by the average Pao2, closely followed by the median Pao2, and these estimates differed substantially between subsets. Time spent in hyperoxia showed a linear and positive relationship with hospital mortality.Conclusions:Our results suggest that we should limit the Pao2levels of critically ill patients within a safe range, as we do with other physiologic variables. Analytical metrics of arterial hyperoxia should be judiciously considered when interpreting and comparing study results and future studies are needed to validate our findings in a randomized fashion design.
Mechanisms Underlying the Association Between Early-Life Adversity and Physical Health: Charting a Course for the Future
Authors: Bush Nicole R. , Lane Richard D. , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Early-life adversities (ELA) are associated with subsequent pervasive alterations across a wide range of neurobiological systems and psychosocial factors that contribute to accelerated onset of health problems and diseases. In this article, we provide an integrated perspective on recent developments in research on ELA, based on the articles published in this Special Issue of Psychosomatic Medicine. We focus on the following: 1) the distinction between specific versus general aspects of ELA with regard to the nature of exposure (e.g., physical and sexual abuse, emotional abuse or neglect, relative socioeconomic deprivation), biological and behavioral correlates of ELA, and differences across diseases; 2) the importance of timing in the critical phases of exposure to ELA; and 3) adaptive versus dysfunctional responses to ELA and their consequences for biological and behavioral risk factors for adverse health outcomes. This article concludes with outlining important new targets for research in this area, including the neurobiology of affect as a mechanism linking ELA to adverse health outcomes, and the need for large-scale longitudinal investigations of multisystem processes relevant to ELA in diverse samples, starting prenatally, continuing to late adolescence, and with long-term follow-up assessments that enable evaluation of incident disease outcomes.
Coronary-Pulmonary Artery Fistulas
Authors: Verdini Daniel , Vargas Daniel , Kuo Anderson , Ghoshhajra Brian , Kim Phillip , Murillo Horacio , Kirsch Jacobo , Lane Michael , Restrepo Carlos 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Coronary-pulmonary arterial fistulas (CPAFs) are rare coronary artery anomalies that have been described only in limited case reports. This study aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and imaging findings of CPAFs collected from 6 participating medical centers along with CPAFs reported in the literature, to discern any general trends present in CPAFs.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 25 cases of CPAF diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography were collected across 6 participating institutions. In addition, utilizing a PubMed literature search, 78 additional CPAF cases were obtained. The imaging findings and relevant clinical history were reviewed.

Results:
Of the 103 CPAF patients, 60 (63% of patients with sex known) were male, with ages ranging from newborn to 88 years (mean=46.1 y). The most common symptoms reported were chest pain (n=40, 39%) and dyspnea (n=26, 25%), with a murmur as the most common physical examination finding (n=38, 37%). The most common coronary artery of origin for a CPAF was the left main/left anterior descending (n=87, 84%), followed by the right coronary artery (n=39, 38%). The fistula most commonly terminated in the main pulmonary artery (n=92, 89%). Multiple CPAFs were present in 46 cases (45%). Coronary artery aneurysms were identified in 20 cases (19%). Pediatric CPAF cases were usually associated with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.

Conclusions:
CPAFs are seen in a variety of clinical settings, from infants with advanced congenital heart disease to elderly patients who have undergone revascularization surgery. Although coronary artery fistulas have previously been described as rarely involving multiple coronary arteries, with the right coronary artery being most often involved, our series demonstrates that multiple fistulas are commonly present, with the most common pattern being between the left main/left anterior descending and the main pulmonary trunk.
Combining transcription factor binding affinities with open-chromatin data for accurate gene expression prediction
Authors: Schmidt Florian , Gasparoni Nina , Gasparoni Gilles , Gianmoena Kathrin , Cadenas Cristina , Polansky Julia K. , Ebert Peter , Nordström Karl , Barann Matthias , Sinha Anupam , Fröhler Sebastian , Xiong Jieyi , Amirabad Azim Dehghani , Ardakani Fatemeh Behjati , Hutter Barbara , Zipprich Gideon , Felder Bärbel , Eils Jürgen , Brors Benedikt , Chen Wei , Hengstler Jan G. , Hamann Alf , Lengauer Thomas , Rosenstiel Philip , Walter Jörn , Schulz Marcel H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe binding and contribution of transcription factors (TF) to cell specific gene expression is often deduced from open-chromatin measurements to avoid costly TF ChIP-seq assays. Thus, it is important to develop computational methods for accurate TF binding prediction in open-chromatin regions (OCRs). Here, we report a novel segmentation-based method, TEPIC, to predict TF binding by combining sets of OCRs with position weight matrices. TEPIC can be applied to various open-chromatin data, e.g. DNaseI-seq and NOMe-seq. Additionally, Histone-Marks (HMs) can be used to identify candidate TF binding sites. TEPIC computes TF affinities and uses open-chromatin/HM signal intensity as quantitative measures of TF binding strength. Using machine learning, we find low affinity binding sites to improve our ability to explain gene expression variability compared to the standard presence/absence classification of binding sites. Further, we show that both footprints and peaks capture essential TF binding events and lead to a good prediction performance. In our application, gene-based scores computed by TEPIC with one open-chromatin assay nearly reach the quality of several TF ChIP-seq datasets. Finally, these scores correctly predict known transcriptional regulators as illustrated by the application to novel DNaseI-seq and NOMe-seq data for primary human hepatocytes and CD4+ T-cells, respectively.
Ultrafast Laser-Probing Spectrocopy for Studying Molecular Structure of Polymeric Proteins
Authors: Jung Huihun , Szwejkowski Chester J. , Pena-Francesch Abdon , Allen Benjamin , Özdemir Şahin Kaya , Hopkins Patrick , Demirel Melik C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report the development of a new technique to screen protein crystallinity quantitatively based on laser-probing spectroscopy with sub-picosecond resolution. First, we show theoretically that the temperature dependence of the refractive index of a polymeric protein is correlated to its crystallinity. Then, we performed time-domain thermo-transmission experiments on purified semi-crystalline proteins, both native and recombinant (i.e., silk and squid ring teeth), and also on intactE. colicells bearing overexpressed recombinant protein. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, quantification of crystallinity in real time for polymeric proteins. Our approach can potentially be used for screening an ultra-large number of polymeric proteinsin vivo.
Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Activity-Dependent Neuronal Structural Plasticity inDrosophila
Authors: Oswald Matthew C. W. , Brooks Paul S. , Zwart Maarten F. , Mukherjee Amrita , West Ryan J. H. , Morarach Khomgrit , Sweeney Sean T. , Landgraf Matthias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeurons are inherently plastic, adjusting their structure, connectivity and excitability in response to changes in activity. How neurons sense changes in their activity level and then transduce these to structural changes remains to be fully elucidated. Working with theDrosophilalarval locomotor network, we show that neurons use reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic byproducts, to monitor their activity. ROS signals are both necessary and sufficient for activity-dependent structural adjustments of both pre- and postsynaptic terminals and for network output, as measured by larval crawling behavior. We find the highly conserved Parkinson’s disease-linked protein DJ-1ß acts as a redox sensor in neurons where it regulates pre- and postsynaptic structural plasticity, in part via modulation of the PTEN-PI3Kinase pathway. Neuronal ROS thus play an important physiological role as second messengers required for neuronal and network tuning, whose dysregulation in the ageing brain and under neurodegenerative conditions may contribute to synaptic dysfunction.
Market potential and determinants for eco-smart furniture attending consumers of the third age
Authors: Papadopoulos Ioannis , Trigkas Marios , Karagouni Glykeria , Papadopoulou Aikaterini , Moraiti Vasiliki , Tripolitsioti Aikaterini , Platogianni Evanthia 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss some of the findings of an ongoing “Green & Smart Furniture” (GSF) research project. It actually focuses on third-age consumers’ behavior and interest in purchasing smart and eco-friendly wooden furniture, providing some critical implications for the successful design and production of GSF products in the framework of innovation and differentiation.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology is based on empirical data gathered from consumer research across Greece. The target group for “smart and eco furniture”, under the context of the present research, has to do with the third age, following the claims of many researchers that market orientation is essential for innovation success.

Findings
The present research promotes the development of innovation for furniture manufacturing industries, opening a new pathway in confronting the difficulties and strong competition. Firms should redesign their strategy, focusing on differentiation by including innovative products in their portfolio with high added value.

Originality/value
The present research is a prototype for the Greek and European furniture market, one designed to answer certain relevant questions regarding the drivers of innovation for the specific sector and the specific target group.