bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probe Into the Influence of Crosslinking on CO2 Permeation of Membranes
Authors: Li Jinghui , Chen Zhuo , Umar Ahmad , Liu Yang , Shang Ying , Zhang Xiaokai , Wang Yao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCrosslinking is an effective way to fabricate high-selective CO2 separation membranes because of its unique crosslinking framework. Thus, it is essentially significant to study the influence of crosslinking degree on the permeation selectivities of CO2. Herein, we report a successful and facile synthesis of a series of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based diblock copolymers (BCP) incorporated with an unique UV-crosslinkable chalcone unit using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) process. The membranes of as-prepared BCPs show superior carbon dioxide (CO2) separation properties as compared to nitrogen (N2) after UV-crosslinking. Importantly, the influence of different proportions of crosslinked chalcone on CO2 selectivities was systematically investigated, which revealed that CO2 selectivities increased obviously with the enhancement of chalcone fractions within a certain limit. Further, the CO2 selectivities of block copolymer with the best block proportion was studied by varying the crosslinking time which confirmed that the high crosslinking degree exhibited a better CO2/N2 (αCO2/N2) selectivities. A possible mechanism model revealing that the crosslinking degree played a key role in the gas separation process was also proposed.
pH is the primary determinant of the bacterial community structure in agricultural soils impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution
Authors: Wu Yucheng , Zeng Jun , Zhu Qinghe , Zhang Zhenfa , Lin Xiangui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcidification and pollution are two major threats to agricultural ecosystems; however, microbial community responses to co-existed soil acidification and pollution remain less explored. In this study, arable soils of broad pH (4.26–8.43) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) gradients (0.18–20.68 mg kg−1) were collected from vegetable farmlands. Bacterial community characteristics including abundance, diversity and composition were revealed by quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen contents, suggesting the control of nutrients accessibility on bacterial abundance. The bacterial diversity was strongly related to soil pH, with higher diversity in neutral samples and lower in acidic samples. Soil pH was also identified by an ordination analysis as important factor shaping bacterial community composition. The relative abundances of some dominant phyla varied along the pH gradient, and the enrichment of a few phylotypes suggested their adaptation to low pH condition. In contrast, at the current pollution level, PAH showed marginal effects on soil bacterial community. Overall, these findings suggest pH was the primary determinant of bacterial community in these arable soils, indicative of a more substantial influence of acidification than PAH pollution on bacteria driven ecological processes.
Low‐power implantable CMOS bipolar Gaussian monocycle pulse generator
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Bin , Zhao Ming Jian , Wu Zhao Hui 
Published: January 2017

A novel CMOS bipolar Gaussian monocycle pulse generator consisting of single to differential circuit, narrow pulse generator and Gaussian pulse‐shaping circuit is presented. Without traditional LC filtering or multi‐channel pulses combination, the proposed generator can be low power and low complexity. Fabricated in a 180 nm standard CMOS process, the test results show that the bipolar Gaussian monocycle pulse can be generated correctly, the power consumption is 1 mW at 200 MHz pulse repeating frequency and the chip core area is only 0.08 mm2under the power supply of 1.8 V, demonstrating the proposed generator with the advantages of low power and low complexity is suitable for implantable IR‐UWB transmitter.
HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Inflammatory Diseases and its Inhibition as New Therapeutic Approach: A Review from the Literature
Authors: Bellussi Luisa , Cocca Serena , Passali Giulio , Passali Desideri 
Published: January 2017

Introduction This study is a systematic review on recent developments about the importance of HMGB1 protein in the pathogenesis of rhino-sinusal inflammatory diseases. We also report data on the use of 18-β-glycyrrhetic acid (GA), which has been shown able to inhibit the pro-inflammatory activities of HMGB1, in young patients affected by allergic rhinitis and complaining of nasal obstruction as main symptom.
Objectives The objective of this study was to review the literature to demonstrate the importance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of nasal inflammatory disorders and understand whether the inhibition of this protein may be an efficacious and innovative therapeutic strategy for patients with rhino-sinusal inflammation.
Data Synthesis Authors searched for pertinent articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and other health journals between 2004 and 2015.In total, the authors gathered 258 articles: 219 articles through Pubmed and 39 articles from other search engines. The search terms used were as follows: HMGB1 AND “respiratory epithelium,” “airway inflammation,” “rhinitis,” “allergic rhinitis,” “rhinosinusitis,” “nasal polyposis,” “glycyrrhetic acid,” “children.”
Conclusions Patients with severe symptoms have the highest serum levels and the highest extracellular expression of HMGB1. GA inhibits HMGB1 chemotactic and mitogenic function by a scavenger mechanism on extracellular HMGB1 accumulation stimulated by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with GA is not associated with local or systemic side effects in children and adults.
Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals
Authors: Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea , Ritter Andrew J. , Savaiano Dennis , Monteagudo-Mera Andrea , Anderson Carlton , Magness Scott T. , Klaenhammer Todd R. 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceApproximately 75% of the global human population are lactose malabsorbers. In a previous clinical trial, it was shown that feeding a high-purity galactooligosaccharide (>95% GOS) could improve symptoms of lactose-intolerant subjects, attaining lactose tolerance in a majority of subjects. To investigate the mechanism, we examined the microbiome of human subjects before and after GOS feeding. The results show a significant shift in the microbiome of responsive individuals, including lactose-fermenting microbes in their stools. The high-purity prebiotic GOS resulted in adaptive shifts in the microbiome and correlated with improvement in clinical symptoms.
Gpr132 sensing of lactate mediates tumor–macrophage interplay to promote breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Chen Peiwen , Zuo Hao , Xiong Hu , Kolar Matthew J. , Chu Qian , Saghatelian Alan , Siegwart Daniel J. , Wan Yihong 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Metastasis is a major cause of cancer mortality. However, the regulation of this complex process remains poorly understood. Due to low oxygen supply and enhanced sugar metabolism, cancer cells releases lactate to create an acidic environment. We show that a membrane receptor on macrophages called G protein-coupled receptor 132 (Gpr132) can sense and respond to this lactate signal from cancer cells. As a result, macrophages alter their functions, which, in turn, stimulates cancer metastasis to distant organs. Consequently, loss of Gpr132 in mice inhibits breast cancer metastasis; lower Gpr132 expression in patients with breast cancer correlates with better metastasis-free survival. These findings uncover knowledge and potentially novel treatment for cancer metastasis.
The effects of auditory training on dichotic listening
Authors: McCullagh Jennifer , Palmer Shannon B. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Individuals with neurological impairment have been shown to have deficits in auditory processing abilities. One auditory processing ability shown to be affected is dichotic listening. To date, limited evidence exists demonstrating the effectiveness of dichotic listening intervention on dichotic listening in individuals with neurological impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the dichotic listening training on dichotic listening abilities over multiple training periods in an individual with a long-standing and stable neurological history.

Method:
This study used a case study design. Over the course of 3 years, an individual with dichotic listening deficits following a left cerebral vascular accident underwent multiple auditory training periods using a dichotic listening training paradigm. Initial assessments indicated a bilateral deficit on the Dichotic Digits test with the right ear performing more poorly than the left ear and a right ear deficit on the Dichotic Rhyme test. Training sessions took place 2–3 times per week for a period of 4–11 weeks in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Pre- and post-training assessments of dichotic listening and hearing in noise ability were completed for each training period.

Results:
Results indicated improvements in the trained (right) ear on the Dichotic Digits test following each of the three training periods. Results also indicated stable performance in the right ear on the Dichotic Rhyme test and variable performance on the Words-in-Noise (WIN) test following each training session. Performance on the Dichotic Digits test decreased slightly between training periods; however, overall performance showed improvement over time.

Conclusion:
These results suggest improved binaural integration abilities as measured by the Dichotic Digits test following dichotic listening training in an individual with neurological impairment. However, the effects of the training did not transfer to tasks of binaural fusion (Dichotic Rhyme test) or hearing in noise (WIN test) tasks.
Long gaps between primes
Authors: Ford Kevin , Green Ben , Konyagin Sergei , Maynard James , Tao Terence 
Published: January 2017

Let

p
n

p_n

denote the

n
n

th prime. We prove that
\[

max

p

n

⩽
X

(

p

n
+
1

−

p
n

)
≫

log
⁡
X
log
⁡
log
⁡
X
log
⁡
log
⁡
log
⁡
log
⁡
X

log
⁡
log
⁡
log
⁡
X

\max _{p_{n} \leqslant X} (p_{n+1}-p_n) \gg \frac {\log X \log \log X\log \log \log \log X}{\log \log \log X}

\]
for sufficiently large

X
X

, improving upon recent bounds of the first, second, third, and fifth authors and of the fourth author. Our main new ingredient is a generalization of a hypergraph covering theorem of Pippenger and Spencer, proven using the Rödl nibble method.
KNIME4NGS: a comprehensive toolbox for next generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Hastreiter Maximilian , Jeske Tim , Hoser Jonathan , Kluge Michael , Ahomaa Kaarin , Friedl Marie-Sophie , Kopetzky Sebastian J , Quell Jan-Dominik , Mewes H.-Werner , Küffner Robert 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Summary
Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data requires the processing of large datasets by chaining various tools with complex input and output formats. In order to automate data analysis, we propose to standardize NGS tasks into modular workflows. This simplifies reliable handling and processing of NGS data, and corresponding solutions become substantially more reproducible and easier to maintain. Here, we present a documented, linux-based, toolbox of 42 processing modules that are combined to construct workflows facilitating a variety of tasks such as DNAseq and RNAseq analysis. We also describe important technical extensions. The high throughput executor (HTE) helps to increase the reliability and to reduce manual interventions when processing complex datasets. We also provide a dedicated binary manager that assists users in obtaining the modules’ executables and keeping them up to date. As basis for this actively developed toolbox we use the workflow management software KNIME.

Availability and Implementation
See http://ibisngs.github.io/knime4ngs for nodes and user manual (GPLv3 license)

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Early-Onset Invasive Candidiasis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Perinatal Acquisition Predicts Poor Outcome
Authors: Barton Michelle , Shen Alex , O’Brien Karel , Robinson Joan L. , Davies H. Dele , Simpson Kim , Asztalos Elizabeth , Langley Joanne , Le Saux Nicole , Sauve Reginald , Synnes Anne , Tan Ben , de Repentigny Louis , Rubin Earl , Hui Chuck , Kovacs Lajos , Yau Yvonne C. W. , Richardson Susan E. ,   for the Paediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC)
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background.
Neonatal invasive candidiasis (IC) presenting in the first week of life is less common and less well described than later-onset IC. Risk factors, clinical features, and disease outcomes have not been studied in early-onset disease (EOD, ≤7 days) or compared to late-onset disease (LOD, &gt;7 days).

Methods.
All extremely low birth weight (ELBW, &lt;1000 g) cases with IC and controls from a multicenter study of neonatal candidiasis enrolled from 2001 to 2003 were included in this study. Factors associated with occurrence and outcome of EOD in ELBW infants were determined.

Results.
Forty-five ELBW infants and their 84 matched controls were included. Fourteen (31%) ELBW infants had EOD. Birth weight &lt;750 g, gestation &lt;25 weeks, chorioamnionitis, and vaginal delivery were all strongly associated with EOD. Infection with Candida albicans, disseminated disease, pneumonia, and cardiovascular disease were significantly more common in EOD than in LOD. The EOD case fatality rate (71%) was higher than in LOD (32%) or controls (15%) (P = .0001). The rate of neurodevelopmental impairment and mortality combined was similar in EOD (86%) and LOD (72%), but higher than in controls (32%; P = .007).

Conclusions.
ELBW infants with EOD have a very poor prognosis compared to those with LOD. The role of perinatal transmission in EOD is supported by its association with chorioamnionitis, vaginal delivery, and pneumonia. Dissemination and cardiovascular involvement are common, and affected infants often die. Empiric treatment should be considered for ELBW infants delivered vaginally who have pneumonia and whose mothers have chorioamnionitis or an intrauterine foreign body.
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G-Carrying Patients After Successful Hepatitis C Virus Treatment: Reactivation or Reinfection?
Authors: Rivero-Juarez Antonio , Frias Mario , Lopez-Lopez Pedro , de Los Angeles Risalde María , Brieva Teresa , Machuca Isabel , Camacho Angela , Martinez-Peinado Antonio , Gomez-Villamandos Jose Carlos , Rivero Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is regarded as a self-limiting infection and anti-HEV antibodies seem to protect against reinfection, its pathogenesis is not well established. We describe 2 cases of acute symptomatic HEV infection after hepatitis C therapy in patients carrying anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies, raising 2 major questions: reactivation or reinfection?
Organ-specific modulation complexity score for the evaluation of dose delivery
Authors: Sumida Iori , Yamaguchi Hajime , Das Indra J , Kizaki Hisao , Aboshi Keiko , Tsujii Mari , Yamada Yuji , Tamari Keisuke , Seo Yuji , Isohashi Fumiaki , Yoshioka Yasuo , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to correlate the modulation complexity score (MCS) with organ location and to predict potential dose errors for organs before beam delivery for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry. Sixteen head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT were selected. Distribution of the relative dose error on each beam was performed using forward projection to the planned dose to compute the predicted dose after doing per-beam quality assurance. Original organ-specific modulation complexity score (oMCS) was created based on a modified MLC, which depended on organ location. First, MCS was calculated based on the change in leaf position between adjacent MLC leaves. Second, the segment edge map (SEM) calculated from the intensity map for each beam was applied to the calculation volume. The oMCS with segment edge (oMCSedge) was derived from the product of oMCS and SEM. The correlation between the dose errors (planned and predicted) and oMCSedge values was evaluated for the target and organs at risk. We have also expanded the original MCS concept to oMCSedge including the organ location. We observed a moderate correlation between the dose errors and oMCSedge for all organs and volumes of interest except the gross tumor volume, brain stem, and spinal cord. In other organs, a moderate improvement in sensitivity was observed on the SEM, which was correlated with dose errors. Although the implementation of oMCSedge would be impractical for normal clinical settings, it is expected that oMCSedge would help a treatment planner to judge whether or not the treatment plan would be acceptably delivered.
On significance of VLBI/Gaia position offsets
Authors: Petrov L. , Kovalev Y. Y. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We have cross matched the Gaia Data Release 1 secondary data set that contains positions of 1.14 billion objects against the most complete to date catalogue of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) positions of 11.4 thousand sources, almost exclusively active galactic nuclei. We found 6064 matches, i.e. 53 per cent radio objects. The median uncertainty of VLBI positions is a factor of 4 smaller than the median uncertainties of their optical counterparts. Our analysis shows that the distribution of normalized arc lengths significantly deviates from Rayleigh shape with an excess of objects with small normalized arc lengths and with a number of outliers. We found that 6 per cent matches have radio-optical offsets significant at 99 per cent confidence level. Therefore, we conclude there exists a population of objects with genuine offsets between centroids of radio and optical emission.
Unconvergence of very-large-scale giant impact simulations
Authors: Hosono Natsuki , Iwasawa Masaki , Tanikawa Ataru , Nitadori Keigo , Muranushi Takayuki , Makino Junichiro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The giant impact (GI) hypothesis is one of the most important hypotheses both in planetary science and in geoscience, since it is related to the origin of the Moon and also the initial condition of the Earth. A number of numerical simulations have been done using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. However, GI hypothesis is currently in a crisis. The “canonical” GI scenario failed to explain the identical isotope ratio between the Earth and the Moon. On the other hand, little has been known about the reliability of the result of GI simulations. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the resolution on the results of the GI simulations by varying the number of particles from 3 × 103 to 108. We found that the results does not converge, but show oscillatory behaviour. We discuss the origin of this oscillatory behaviour.
A possible giant planet orbiting the cataclysmic variable LX Ser
Authors: Li Kai , Hu Shaoming , Zhou Jilin , Wu Donghong , Guo Difu , Jiang Yunguo , Gao Dongyang , Chen Xu , Wang Xianyu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
LX Ser is a deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable with an orbital period of 0.1584325 d. 62 new eclipse times were determined by our observations and the AAVSO International Data base. Combining all available eclipse times, we analyzed the O − C behavior of LX Ser. We found that the O − C diagram of LX Ser shows a sinusoidal oscillation with a period of 22.8 yr and an amplitude of 0.00035 d. Two mechanisms (i.e., the Applegate mechanism and the light-travel time effect) are applied to explain the cyclic modulation. We found that it is difficult to apply the Applegate mechanism to explain the cyclic oscillation in the orbital period. Therefore, the cyclic period change is most likely to be caused by the light-travel time effect due to the presence of a third body. The mass of the tertiary component was determined to be M3 ∼ 7.5 MJup. We supposed that the tertiary companion is plausibly a giant planet. The stability of the giant planet was checked, and we found that the multiple system is stable.
Healthy Exercise Habits Are Associated With Lower Risk of Burnout and Higher Quality of Life Among U.S. Medical Students
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Satele Daniel , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Although burnout and low quality of life (QOL) are common among medical students, little remains known about personal fitness habits of medical students that may promote well-being.

Method
In 2012 the authors conducted a cross-sectional study of U.S. medical students to explore relationships between burnout, QOL, and compliance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) exercise recommendations. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests, Fisher exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results
Among approximately 12,500 medical students invited to participate, 4,402 (35.2%) completed surveys. Most (2,738/4,367; 62.7%) engaged in aerobic exercise in accordance with CDC recommendations, while fewer (1,685/4,376; 38.5%) adhered to muscle strengthening recommendations. Burnout prevalence was lower among students who exercised aerobically consistent with CDC recommendations compared with those who exercised less (53.1% vs. 60.8%, P < .0001). Similarly, rates of burnout were also lower among students who strength trained consistent with CDC recommendations (51.8% vs. 58.6%, P < .0001). Overall QOL scores were higher for medical students adhering to CDC recommendations for aerobic exercise (7.2 vs. 6.6, P < .0001), strength training (7.2 vs. 6.8, P < .0001), or both aerobic and strength training (8.0 vs. 7.0, P < .0001). Compliance with CDC exercise guidelines remained independently associated with lower risk of burnout and higher QOL on multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, relationship status, children, and year in school.

Conclusions
Students whose aerobic exercise and/or strength training habits are consistent with CDC guidelines appear less likely to experience burnout and to have higher QOL.