bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of PZT-based MEMS
Authors: Akasheh Firas , Myers Todd , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDue to their excellent piezoelectric properties, PZT ceramics are attractive materials for many MEMS applications. By depositing a PZT film on a micro-machined platinized silicon substrate, membranes can be actuated in the flexural mode. In this work, 2D arrays of PZT actuated membranes, which can be used as ultrasonic transducers, have been designed, fabricated, and tested for their ferroelectric response. The device behavior was also modeled using FEA. Data from FEA runs were used to evaluate the device performance based on its effective coupling coefficient (efficiency), acoustic impedance, and resonance frequency. Results show that the device-coupling factor is significantly affected by the PZT and silicon layers' thickness and the top electrode configuration. Results also indicate a considerable flexibility in optimizing the device performance under a wide range of operational requirements, which makes such devices attractive for different applications.
Dry Etching Techniques of Amorphous Silicon for Suspended Metal Membrane RF MEMS Capacitors
Authors: Fritschi Raphaël , Hibert Cyrille , Flückiger Philippe , Ionescu Adrian M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA novel dry etching technique of amorphous silicon is proposed to suspend the metal membrane of RF MEMS tunable capacitors. The proposed fabrication process is simple and excludes all the drawbacks related to a wet process. Moreover, it has the advantage of being fully compatible with CMOS post-processing. Experimental results demonstrate that the capacitor suspension beams design with meanders can reduce the tuning voltage to less than 5 to 10 V.
Deep Anisotropic Etching of Gaas with Chlorine-Based Chemistries and SU-8 Mask Using Rie and High Density ICP Etching Methods
Authors: Chiang Yuh-Min (Johnson) , Lau Joy , Bachman Mark , Li G.P. , Kim H.K. , Ra Yunju , Ketola Kurt 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGaAs-based micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are emerging technologies, which will lead to integration of new sensing and actuating devices with microwave and millimeter-wave electronics. However, developing the capability of selective deep etching of GaAs is a critical issue to be solved. This paper presents a study of a highly anisotropic deep GaAs etching. Two different plasma etching methods were studied for GaAs etching with chlorine-based chemistries: reactive ion etching (RIE) with Cl2/BCl3/SiCl4mixtures and high-density inductive coupled plasma (HDICP) etching with Cl2/BCl3 mixtures. A negative acting photoresist, SU-8, which allows high resolution, high aspect ratio patterning with strong resistance to etchants, was selected as the etching mask for this work. Process parameters were varied for best results, and the effects of the process parameters are presented. Issues such as etch selectivity of SU-8 and GaAs, reflow of SU-8, and loading effects were also investigated. An optimized etching process was developed to achieve a deep etch in excess of 300μm of GaAs with a single layer of SU-8 photoresist.
A Microsensor Based on a Microcantilever Patterned with an Environmentally Sensitive Hydrogel
Authors: Hilt J. Zachary , Gupta Amit K. , Bashir Rashid , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA process was developed for patterning thin films of environmentally sensitive hydrogels onto silicon microcantilevers. Microcantilevers have been shown to be ultra-sensitive transducers for chemical, physical, and biological microsensors. By patterning environmentally sensitive hydrogels onto silicon microcantilevers, novel microsensors were prepared for MEMS and BioMEMS applications. Specifically, a cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) network containing significant amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) was studied. This hydrogel exhibits a swelling dependence on pH. By increasing the environmental pH above the pKa of PMAA to cause ionization of the carboxylic acid groups, electrostatic repulsion is produced along the main polymer chain causing the polymer network to expand and swell. Therefore, a pH change induces swelling or shrinking of the polymer network and creates stress on the microcantilever surface causing it to bend. In this study, silicon microcantilevers were fabricated on p-type (100) SOI wafers. Covalent adhesion was gained between the polymer and the silicon surface through the modification of the silicon surface with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane. Hydrogels were patterned onto the silicon microcantilevers utilizing a mask aligner to allow for precise positioning. The micropatterned hydrogels were analyzed using optical microscopy and profilometry. The bending response of patterned cantilevers with a change in environmental pH was observed, providing proof-of-concept for a MEMS/BioMEMS sensor based on microcantilevers patterned with environmentally sensitive hydrogels.
Computation of Temperature Distribution in Infiltration of Metal in Opal Using a Graphite Furnace Heating Assembly
Authors: Golnabi Hossein , Ghorannevis Mahmood , Chaboki Nahid 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe use of high temperature furnace assembly used in high–temperature high-pressure machine is proposed and modeled for the infiltration process of metals in opals. The goal here is to provide useful information about the temperature distribution inside the capsule cell in order to save some time and reduce synthesis cost in the real infiltration process. The heat conduction equation is solved for a cylindrical geometry and the variation of the temperature as a function of time and radius distance are reported. The 2-D finite element method for a symmetrical assembly is used and the temperature dependence of heat conductivity of multi elements is considered in the calculations. Temperature dependence of heat conductivity of different elements involved in infiltration process are modeled and also reported here. Such information concerning the temperature distribution inside the infiltration assembly is helpful for both the equilibrium studies and transient conditions. Results of such study help the users to properly select the appropriate temperature gradient for the steady state and transient situations. Such temperature and pressure adjustments are helpful for a successful melt infiltration process.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mechanically Strong Porous Composites of MeOx/Al2O3/Al-type.
Authors: Tikhov Sergey F. , Sadykov Vladislav A. , Potapova Yulia V. , Yudaev Ivan V. , Lapina Olga B. , Tsybulya Sergey V. , Salanov Aleksey N. , Titkov Aleksandr I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe impact of powdered oxides of Mg, Ca, La, Ti, Al or their nitrate salts on the properties of MeOx/Al2O3/Al composites obtained via the hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of Al-based blends put in a closed space of the die allowing the free water vapor access has been studied. Additives were found to affect the process of aluminum oxidation mainly through variation of the density of formed aluminum hydroxide layer. In some cases, incorporation of dopant cations into the structure of alumina formed after calcination of composite in air was revealed by 27 Al MAS NMR. Variation of the Al oxidation degree and associated change of the solid phase volume in a closed die caused by dopants affects also the pore structure and texture of composites determining the mechanical strength of produced monoliths. The processes of the redistribution of soluble additives between the solid phase and autoclave solutions were revealed and their consequences are considered.
Graffiti as a Communication Artifact within Cities: a State of the Art/El grafiti como artefacto comunicador de las ciudades: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Ramírez Rodríguez Manuela , Rodríguez Camelo Liseth Vanessa , De los Ángeles Celis María Amanda , Rozo García Hugo Alexander 
Published: February 2017

Este artículo se constituye como una revisión descriptiva acerca de la conceptualización y evolución del grafiti en sus diferentes acepciones, ilustrando la evolución y diferentes perspectivas encontradas en publicaciones académicas que permiten develar la importancia como herencia cultural que emana de su propia naturaleza y la representación social y política que manifiesta. Para este fin, se tuvo en cuenta la producción académica comprendida entre los años 2000 y 2016 en torno al grafiti en las bases de datos Jstor, Communication & Mass Media Complete de Ebsco y Google Scholar. El recorrido, permite evidenciar la situación actual del grafiti, haciendo un énfasis en ciudades que han gestado sus orígenes y orientado su evolución. Como principal resultado, se halló la importancia que representa actualmente dentro de un movimiento artístico que comunica y representa la identidad colectiva de las situaciones que atraviesa un contexto determinado, constituyendo a las ciudades como entornos que comunican. This article is a descriptive revision about the concept and evolution of graffiti, its different intakes and perspectives, illustrating its evolution and various standpoints found in academic publications that allow us to reveal its importance as a cultural inheritance emanated from its own nature and political and social aspects that it represents. The articles were taken from three different data bases: Jstor, Communication & Mass Media Complete from Ebsco and from Google Scholar; the time frame of publication was done from the year 2000 up to the year 2016, which allows evidentiary support for the current situation of graffiti emphasizing on the important cities of its origins and its evolution. As a result, we found the importance of graffiti within an artistic movement that communicates and represents a collective identity of the circumstances within a specific context, constituting cities as communicative environments.
Randomized Phase II Study of Ramucirumab or Icrucumab in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Previously Treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Vahdat Linda T. , Layman Rachel , Yardley Denise A. , Gradishar William , Salkeni Mohamad A. , Joy Anil Abraham , Garcia Agustin A. , Ward Patrick , Khatcheressian James , Sparano Joseph , Rodriguez Gladys , Tang Shande , Gao Ling , Dalal Rita P. , Kauh John , Miller Kathy 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Icrucumab (ICR) and ramucirumab (RAM) bind vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1 and -2), respectively. This open-label, randomized phase II study evaluated their efficacy and safety in combination with capecitabine (CAP) in patients with previously treated unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive CAP (1,000 mg/m2 orally twice daily, days 1–14) alone or in combination with RAM (10 mg/kg intravenously [IV], days 1 and 8) (RAM + CAP) or ICR (12 mg/kg IV, days 1 and 8) (ICR + CAP) every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), tumor response, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Results
Of 153 patients randomized, 150 received treatment. Median PFS (95% confidence interval) was 22.1 (12.1–36.1) weeks on RAM + CAP, 7.3 (6.3–13.0) weeks on ICR + CAP, and 19.0 (12.1–24.3) weeks on CAP (hazard ratios [HRs]: 0.691, p = .1315, RAM + CAP versus CAP; 1.480, p = .0851, ICR + CAP versus CAP). Median OS was 67.4 weeks on RAM + CAP, 62.1 weeks on ICR + CAP, and 71.6 weeks on CAP (HRs: 1.833, p = .0283, RAM + CAP versus CAP; 1.468, p = .1550, ICR + CAP versus CAP). There was no statistically significant difference in PFS or OS between either combination arm and CAP. Treatment-related adverse events more frequent (by ≥10%) on RAM + CAP than on CAP were constipation, decreased appetite, headache, epistaxis, and hypertension. Those more frequent (by ≥10%) on ICR + CAP than CAP were anemia, increased lacrimation, periorbital edema, nausea, vomiting, peripheral edema, facial edema, dehydration, and dyspnea.

Conclusion
Combining RAM or ICR with CAP did not improve PFS in the targeted study population.
Management of Cancer in the Older Age Person: An Approach to Complex Medical Decisions
Authors: Vallet-Regí María , Manzano Miguel , Rodriguez-Mañas Leocadio , Checa López Marta , Aapro Matti , Balducci Lodovico ,   Spanish Collaborative Research Network on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF)
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The management of cancer in older aged people is becoming a common problem due to the aging of the population. There are many variables determining the complex situation that are interconnected. Some of them can be assessed, such as risk of mortality and risk of treatment complications, but many others are still unknown, such as the course of disease, the host-related factors that influence cancer aggressiveness, and the phenotype heralding risk of permanent treatment-related damage.
This article presents a dynamic and personalized approach to older people with cancer based on our experience on aging, cancer, and their biological interactions. Also, novel treatments and management approaches to older individuals, based on their functional age and their social and emotional needs, are thoughtfully explored here.
Lateral Facies and Permeability Changes in Upper Shoreface Sandstones, Berakas Syncline, Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Ovinda Ovinda , Lambiase Joseph J 
Published: February 2017

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.4.1.11-20Several outcrops were studied to identify sedimentary facies and to analyze permeability distribution, through which an outcrop analogue for upper shoreface reservoirs can be established. Four facies were identified: upper shoreface, lower shoreface, offshore transition, and tidal ones. Stratigraphic correlation of eleven outcrops indicates that the upper shoreface sandstone is generally clean, well sorted, parallel, and planar cross laminated. The sand becomes thinner and pinches out to the northwest where the mud proportion increases within the sand. Muddier sand was deposited in a relatively low energy upper shoreface setting. The thickness of the upper shoreface reservoir sand generally is 5 m. It decreases to zero over approximately 1.3 km as the sand pinches out to the northwest. To the northeast, the thickness also decreases to 4 m over approximately 4 km. Permeability values are more variable laterally than vertically. The permeability distribution has an obvious relationship to the sedimentary facies and is mainly controlled by the proportion of mud and bioturbation. As the sand pinches out in the northwest, permeability decreases from 590 md to 97 md over 1 km. To the northeast, permeability also decreases to 152 md over approximately 4 km where the sand becomes highly bioturbated. These values indicate that the sands are of good to very good reservoir quality. It appears that there are no major barriers to the lateral flow of fluid within the upper shoreface sandstone.
DIFERENTES RESPOSTAS DO TECIDO ÓSSEO E ARTICULAR DE RATOS WISTAR, SUBMETIDOS A EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO, APÓS LESÃO NERVOSA
Authors: Baretta Vinícius , Pelissari Daniele , Escher Assis Roberto , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Ribeiro Lucinéia De Fátima Chasko , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: analisar o efeito do exercício resistido de subida em escadas nos tecidos ósseo e articular, após lesão compressiva do nervo isquiático de ratos Wistar. Material e Métodos: 32 ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos, com 8 animais em cada, G1 (controle), G2 (exercício), G3 (lesão) e G4 (lesão e exercício). Após a lesão nervosa G2 e G4 foram submetidos ao exercício resistido de subida em escada, durante 5 dias na semana, com intervalo de 2 dias, por 21 dias. Os animais foram eutanasiados e as articulações do joelho e tíbias do membro pélvico lesionado foram coletadas, e seguiram o processamento padrão para análises em microscopia de luz. Resultados: O tecido ósseo apresentou alterações significativas, em relação a análise morfométrica da área do canal medular e contagem e osteócitos, porém, não foi observada diferença significativa em relação a análise da espessura do osso cortical. Na cartilagem articular do joelho foram observadas discretas alterações morfológicas entre os grupos, como a presença de clones celulares no grupo G3 e remodelagem no grupo G4. Conclusão: a lesão do nervo isquiático em ratos Wistar trouxe efeitos deletérios ao tecido ósseo e articular. Também foi observado que o exercício físico resistido em subida de escada não trouxe alterações ao tecido ósseo dos animais, porém, foi eficaz ao retorno às características normais da cartilagem articular lesionada, e demonstrou aumento da evidencia da tidemark, em animais não lesionados.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGEMBANGAN NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER BANGSA MELALUI EKSTRAKURIKULER PRAMUKA
Authors: S Supriadi U 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study aims to analyze and effectiveness of the development of the character of the nation's values (self-reliance, self-discipline, tolerance, mutual cooperation, ketahanmalangan, and creativity) through extracurricular activities scout. The research method in this study using a survey method ex post facto by using multivariate data analysis techniques of analysis of variance (MANOVA). Research respondents are students and instructors extracurricular high school level. Data collection techniques used in this study was a questionnaire (questionnaire), interviews, and documentation. In an effort to obtain research data that can be justified or legitimate, then the data keabsahannnya research first examined by cross-checking techniques. Prior to testing the hypothesis, then the first test performed data analysis requirements consist of tests of normality and homogeneity tests. The results of hypothesis testing, it is concluded that there are differences in the values of national character (self-reliance, self-discipline, tolerance, mutual cooperation, ketahanmalangan, and creativity) in terms of their organization and extracurricular activities scout. So the advice that can be given in the development of national character values (self-reliance, self-discipline, tolerance, mutual cooperation, ketahanmalangan, and creativity) can scout through extracurricular activities. Keywords: the values of the nation's character, ektrakurikuler scout. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan efektivitas pengembangan nilai-nilai karakter bangsa (kemandirian, kedisiplinan, tenggang rasa, kegotongroyongan, ketahanmalangan, dan kreativitas) melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler pramuka. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey expost facto dengan teknik analisis data mengunakan multivariat of analaisis varians (MANOVA). Responden penelitiannya adalah siswa dan pembina ekstrakurikuler di tingkat SLTA. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket (kuisioner), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dalam upaya memperoleh data penelitian yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan atau absah, maka data penelitian terlebih dahulu diperiksa keabsahannnya dengan teknik cross check. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian hipotesis, maka dilakukan terlebih dahulu pengujian persyaratan analisis data yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Hasil pengujian hipotesis, maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai-nilai karakter bangsa (kemandirian, kedisiplinan, tenggang rasa, kegotongroyongan, ketahanmalangan, dan kreativitas) ditinjau dari adanya organisasi dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler pramuka. Sehingga dapat diberikan saran bahwa dalam pengembangan nilai-nilai karakter bangsa (kemandirian, kedisiplinan, tenggang rasa, kegotongroyongan, ketahanmalangan, dan kreativitas) dapat melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler pramuka. Kata kunci: nilai-nilai karakter bangsa, ektrakurikuler pramuka.
IMPROVING STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOME AND MATHEMATICAL ACTIVITIES THROUGH INQUIRY LEARNING STRATEGY IN CLASS XII IPA-2 SMAN 2 BAGAN SINEMBAH 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR
Authors: Yamin M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract, The purpose of this study is to examine the improvement of students' learning outcome using inquiry learning strategy and to find out the increase of mathematics learning activities using inquiry learning strategy. This study is an action research which was held at SMAN 2 Bagan Sinembah. The subject is students of Class XII IPA-2 in the academic year 2014/2015 which consists of 40 people, 11 male students and 29 female students. This study was conducted in two cycles, each consists of three meetings. A test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of each cycle in order to see students' mathematical communication ability. The results of cycle I showed that students' average score was 72.7 with 25 students complete and 15 students incomplete and the classical completeness was 62.5%. In the second cycle, the average score was 82.65 with 37 students complete and 3 students incomplete and the classical completeness was 92.5%. There was an increase of 9.5 points on students' learning outcome and hence it can be concluded that inquiry learning strategy leads students' activities to be in good category.Keywords: learning outcome, students' mathematical activities, inquiry learning strategy Abstrak, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dan peningkatan aktivitas proses pembelajaran matematika siswa dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 2 Bagan Sinembah Kecamatan Bagan Sinembah. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII IPA-2 tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 sebanyak 40 orang yang terdiri dari 11 orang laki-laki dan 29 orang perempuan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus yaitu siklus I terdiri dari 3 pertemuan dan siklus II terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Tes kemampuan matematika siswa dilakukan di awal dan akhir setiap siklus. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari: (1) Hasil tes ulangan kemampuan matematika siswa siklus I diketahui nilai rata-rata 72,75, tuntas 25 orang, tidak tuntas 15 orang, ketuntasan klasikal 62,5%; (2) Hasil tes ulangan kemampuan matematika siswa siklus II diketahui nilai rata-rata 82,65, tuntas 37 orang, tidak tuntas 3 orang, ketuntasan klasikal 92,5%, dan peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa naik 9,5 poin; (3) Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri membuat aktivitas siswa berkategori baik dalam pembelajaran. Kata Kunci : Hasil Belajar, Aktivitas Matematika Siswa, Strategi Pembelajaran Inkuiri.