bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do you write and present research well? Answers to the 20 questions
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAt the beginning of this series on how to write and present research,[1,2] we repeated Whitesides's[3] message that working in the laboratory, modelling, designing, and troubleshooting constitute only part of the research effort. Discovery, development, analysis, and reviewing literature is work which is incomplete until you publish it and others cite it.[4] Our questions address specifically how to write and present with greater clarity, which is only one element in the process and includes: (a) acknowledging that you should write and present better; (b) deciding that you want to improve; (c) identify means to achieve this goal—courses and books, for example; (d) dedicating time to practice; (e) finding a coach or some way to get feedback on how you are doing; and (f) implementing what you learn in all written and oral communication. Writing and presenting are indispensable skills for researchers, but for many of us, formal instruction on communication ended in high school or the first year of university. However, universities are now implementing soft skill workshops as part of the offering to new graduate students. Funding agencies recognize the importance of these skills and now require programs in grant proposals (NSERC CREATE, European RECHIND). These resources are most effective when students recognize that they need to improve their skills and also want to improve them. Great musicians, athletes, and Go players practice continually. Furthermore, they have coaches to give them feedback and help them develop strategies. Writing is as complex as these activities and, like with them, we can improve at it continually.[5,6]
MESOZOIC THERMAL EVENTS IN CENTRAL LOWER YANGTZE AREA AND IMPACTS ON HYDROCARBON GENERATION OF MARINE SOURCE ROCKS
Authors: Yu‐Song YUAN , Hao YU , Tian‐Yi LI , Shuang‐Jian LI 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTemperature is a key parameter of controlling hydrocarbon generation of source rocks. Elevated temperature resulted from tectonothermal events may significantly affect hydrocarbon generation. Based on geology, fission track analysis, apatite U‐Th/He and volcanic rock isotopic age data, it is found that there existed Indosinian (T3‐J2) and Yanshanian (J3‐K1) tectonothermal events in Lower Yangtze area and the sedimentary basins reached their peak heat flow at about 130∼110 Ma. The maximum heat flows obtained from thermal history reconstruction based on vitrinite reflectance are ∼94 mW·m–2 and ∼78 mW·m–2 in Jurong and Taixing areas respectively, with an increasing trend from east to west. Hydrocarbon generation history reconstruction based on the EASY%Ro model shows that the dominating gas generation periods of the Cambrian source rock are the Early Permian‐Late Triassic and the Late Triassic‐Early Cretaceous in Changzhou and Jurong areas respectively. Because of the dual effects from the foreland sediments deposited in T3‐J1–2 and the magmatism thermal event in the Early Cretaceous, the marine source rocks reached their maximum temperature at the end of Early Cretaceous. The temperature of the marine source rocks was no longer elevated owing to the decreased heat flow since the Late Cretaceous, though, in some parts of the Jurong, Taixing and Changzhou areas, subsidence occurred and burial depth increased during the K2‐E period. Therefore, the secondary hydrocarbon generation of the marine source rocks is not a widespread process in central Lower Yangtze area.
Active synchronization of multi‐domain controllers in software‐defined networks
Authors: Zou Yuxue , Tian Yueyang , Guo Songtao , Wu Yan 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMulti‐domain multi‐controller software‐defined networks have an inevitable potential to improve the scalability and reliability of massive data center networks because the single controller cannot match the rapid expansion of cloud computing. The inconsistency among controllers can significantly degrade the network performance, because of that the data center network in software‐defined networks has physically distributed control plane but operates with logically centralized plane. Existing synchronization among multi‐controllers is based on the periodic synchronization (PS) that is stiffly triggered by time. However, the PS neglects potential inconsistency and further produces much packet loss and poor load balance in the whole network. Longer synchronization period increases synchronization overhead and decreases network performance. To keep the load consistency among controllers, we propose an active synchronization algorithm that is agilely triggered by event, ie, synchronization is triggered when the load of specific server exceeds the average load of its domain. With such an event triggered mechanism, we cannot only eliminate the correlation between synchronization and time but also avoid forwarding loop in the global network. Simulation results show that compared to existing PS‐based schemes, our active synchronization algorithm can achieve better load balance with less synchronization overhead and lower packet loss rate.
Strand‐Specific Transcriptome Sequencing Using SMART Technology
Authors: Bostick Magnolia , Bolduc Nathalie , Lehman Alisa , Farmer Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing is empowering a deeper understanding of biology by enabling RNA expression analysis over the entire transcriptome with high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. One powerful application within this field is stranded RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), which is necessary to distinguish overlapping genes and to conduct comprehensive annotation and quantification of long non‐coding RNAs. Commonly used methods for generating strand‐specific RNA‐seq libraries are often complicated by protocols that require several rounds of enzymatic treatments and clean‐up steps, making them time‐intensive, insensitive, and unsuitable for processing several samples simultaneously. An additional challenge in the generation of RNA‐seq libraries from total RNA involves the high amount of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the starting material. This unit presents streamlined workflows for generating strand‐specific RNA‐seq libraries from 10 ng to 1 µg total RNA, representing a minimum of 1000 cells, in less than 7 hr with minimal carryover rRNA. These methods allow scientists to evaluate the expression of all transcripts, including non‐polyadenylated long non‐coding RNAs, even in limited biological samples. Combination of the RNase H–based RiboGone rRNA removal system and SMARTer Stranded RNA‐seq technology enables depletion of over 95% of rRNA from mammalian samples, and direct production of Illumina‐ready libraries that maintain strand‐of‐origin information. An alternate method for low input of highly degraded samples is also presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Solution growth and morphology of CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals in different solvents
Authors: Su Jing , Sang Lin , Wang Di , Lu Di , Wang Wanfu , Wen Yan 
Published: October 2016

In this work, large‐sized CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals were successful grown using solution evaporation method with hydrohalic acid and N, N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent respectively. The lattice parameters of cubic CH3NH3PbBr3 were estimated using XRD method. The solubility of CH3NH3PbBr3 in hydrobromic acid was determined at the temperature range between 20 °C–90 °C. A special micro‐solution crystallizer was designed to in‐situ study the morphology of CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal. The largest crystal face was indexed by the XRD patterns and it would be {110} for CH3NH3PbBr3 grown from HBr solution and {100} from DMF solution. The results show that solvent would affect the morphology and crystal habit greatly during crystal growth from solution.
Facile synthesis of ultrathin NbTe2 nanosheets for enhanced tribological properties as a lubricant additive
Authors: Dong Jinze , Li Changsheng , Yang Jin , Chen Beibei , Song Haojie , Chen Jinsuo , Peng Weixiang 
Published: October 2016

Graphite‐like bulk NbTe2 powders were prepared by a facile solid phase synthesis process and ultrathin NbTe2 nanosheets were obtained by using wet ball milling induced delamination. The X‐ray diffraction analysis illustrated that the reduction of particle size was mainly along the stacking direction of the basal planes without great influence on the short range order of NbTe2 crystals. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscope observations revealed that the longitudinal dimension of NbTe2 samples changed into the nanoscale from the larger micron level after mechanical exfoliation. The exfoliated NbTe2 nanosheets had better long‐term dispersion stability in paraffin oil than bulk NbTe2. The tribological properties were determined on an UMT‐2 ball‐on‐disk friction and wear tester. The results indicated that the paraffin oil with NbTe2 nanosheets exhibited better lubricating behaviors with the lower friction coefficient and wear rate in comparison with the bulk NbTe2. It was demonstrated that NbTe2 nanosheets could easily enter into a point of friction contact, and form an available tribofilm to prevent the direct contact between counterparts during the friction process. Furthermore, this work shows the potential applications of ultrathin NbTe2 nanosheets in the field of tribology.
Insights into the Impact of Impurities and Non‐Stoichiometric Effects on the Electrochemical Performance of Li2MnSiO4
Authors: Fleischmann S. , Mancini M. , Axmann P. , Golla‐Schindler U. , Kaiser U. , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA series of Li2MnSiO4 samples with various Li, Mn, and/or Si concentrations are reported to study for the first time the effect of impurities and deviation from ideal stoichiometry on electrochemical behavior. Carbon‐coated and nanosized powders are obtained at 600 °C and compared with those synthetized at 900 °C. Samples are investigated using XRD, SEM, high‐resolution TEM, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area to characterize crystal structure, particle size, impurity amount, morphology, and surface area. Electrochemical performance depends on impurities such as MnO as well as crystallite size, surface area, and non‐stoichiometric phases, which lead to the formation of additional polymorphs such as Pmnb and P21/n of Li2MnSiO4 at low calcination temperatures. A systematic analysis of the main parameters affecting the electrochemical behavior is performed and trends in synthesis are identified. The findings can be applied to optimize different synthesis routes for attaining stoichiometric and phase‐pure Pmn21 Li2MnSiO4 as cathode material for Li‐ion batteries.
DC analysis and design of a PWM buck converter operated as a dynamic power supply
Authors: Salvatierra Thomas , Kazimierczuk Marian K. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryModern energy transmission and signal reproduction techniques rely upon power amplifiers that must operate with high efficiency. An increasingly popular technique for addressing this problem involves replacing the fixed power amplifier supply voltage VDD with a controlled, variable voltage provided by a dynamic power supply. Although pulse‐width modulated dc‐dc buck converters typically function as fixed‐output supplies, this paper provides new theoretical dc analysis for operation wherein the output voltage is controlled and continuously variable over a wide range. A design procedure for the variable‐output buck converter is derived. Key device parameters affecting converter speed and efficiency are identified. The dc analysis and design procedure are verified experimentally, with calculated and measured parameters shown to be in good agreement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐band bootstrapping in database‐driven multi‐hop cognitive radio networks
Authors: Jia Juncheng , Wang Dajin , He Zhengqiu , Fan Jianxi , Zhang Shukui , Wang Jin , Yan Jianfeng 
Published: October 2016

SummaryDatabase‐driven approach has emerged recently as an alternative or supplement for spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Within database‐driven CRNs, master devices obtain spectrum information by direct connection to a spectrum database, while slave devices can only access spectrum information indirectly via masters. The in‐band approach completely based on primary spectrum channels can be used, which eliminates the need for out‐of‐band connections and eases the adoption of the database‐driven spectrum sharing. In this paper, we study the in‐band bootstrapping process for database‐driven multi‐hop CRNs, where master/slave devices form a multi‐hop networks, and slaves need multi‐hop communications to obtain spectrum information from the master during bootstrapping. We start with the basic design of in‐band bootstrap protocol, whose performance is unsatisfactory of protocol overhead and bootstrap time. Then we propose 2 enhancements: first, we incorporates the recursive fractional spectrum information query scheme to reduce protocol overhead; then we propose the prefetch scheme to reduce the bootstrap time. According to the analysis and simulation results, our proposed protocols can greatly improve the performance: the recursive fractional spectrum information query enhancement reduces up to 40% of the overhead, the prefetch enhancement reduces more than 20% of the bootstrap time.
Fine needle aspiration in intraocular metastasis from pleuropulmonary blastoma. A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Costa Jennifer , Klijanienko Jerzy , Desjardins Laurence , Cassoux Nathalie , Machet Marie Christine , Pacquement Helene 
Published: October 2016

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare primitive intrathoracic malignant neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in children and adolescents. PPB is classified into three types according to the presence of cystic and solid areas. We report a case of PPB with an intraocular metastasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA): 3‐year‐old female was treated for type II PPB by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. Four years later, she presented with an intraocular lesion. To differentiate between metastasis or other malignancy, a transcleral FNA was performed and showed two cellular populations represented by roundish malignant cells and spindle‐shaped cells. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and diode laser ablation. A year later, the patient had enucleation and rare residual cells were found on the histological specimen. Patient remains disease‐free 66 months after the last surgical treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:156–160. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High prevalence of diabetes‐specific autoimmunity in first‐degree relatives of Sardinian patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Incani M. , Serafini C. , Satta C. , Perra L. , Scano F. , Frongia P. , Ricciardi R. , Ripoli C. , Soro M. , Strazzera A. , Zampetti S. , Buzzetti R. , Cavallo M.G. , Cossu E. , Baroni M.G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Sardinia is among the highest in the world (44.8 cases/100,000 person‐years). Recommendations of the Immunology of Diabetes Society advise evaluating autoantibody positivity in first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with T1DM, for their higher risk to develop the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of beta‐cell autoimmunity in FDRs of T1DM patients in Sardinia.MethodsA total of 188 Sardinian families were recruited in collaboration between diabetes and pediatric units of university and district hospitals in Sardinia. The recruitment involved 188 patients with diagnosed T1DM and all their available FDRs (n = 447). Autoantibodies (Aabs) against GAD, IA2, insulin, and ZnT8 were measured in all subjects. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk genotypes (HLA‐DR and DQ loci) were analyzed in 43 Aabs‐positive FDR.ResultsThe prevalence of Aabs (any type of autoantibody, single or multiple) in FDR was 11.9% (53/447). Of those with autoantibodies, 62.3% (33/53) were positive to only 1 autoantibody, 22.6% (12/53) had 2 autoantibodies, 7.55% (4/53) had 3 autoantibodies, and 7.55% (4/53) had all 4 autoantibodies. Typing of HLA‐DR and DQ loci showed that 89% of FDR carried moderate‐ to high‐risk genotypes, with only 5 FDR with low‐risk genotypes.ConclusionsThe prevalence of T1DM autoantibodies in FDRs of T1DM patients was very high (11.9%) in the Sardinian population, higher than in other populations from the United States and Europe, and similar to that observed in Finland. Autoantibody positivity strongly associated with HLA risk. This study provides evidence of the high risk of T1DM in FDR of T1DM patients in Sardinia and warrants longitudinal follow‐up to estimate the risk of progression to T1DM in high‐risk populations.
Seasonal patterns in δ2H values of multiple tissues from Andean birds provide insights into elevational migration
Authors: Villegas Mariana , Newsome Seth D. , Blake John G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractElevational migration is a widespread phenomenon in tropical avifauna but it is difficult to identify using traditional approaches. Hydrogen isotope (δ2H) values of precipitation decrease with elevation so δ2H analysis of multiple bird tissues with different isotopic incorporation rates may be a reliable method for characterizing seasonal elevational migration. Here we compare δ2H values in metabolically inert (feathers and claws) and metabolically active (whole blood) tissues to examine whether an upslope migration occurs prior to the breeding season in the Yungas Manakin (Chiroxiphia boliviana). We compare results from C. boliviana with data from a known elevational migrant, the Streak‐necked Flycatcher (Mionectes striaticollis). Opposite to our expectations, tissue δ2H values increased over time, largely reflecting seasonal patterns in precipitation δ2H rather than elevational effects; linear mixed‐effects models with strongest support included ordinal date, tissue type, and elevation. This seasonal increase in precipitation δ2H is a general phenomenon in both tropical and temperate mountain ranges. We use these data to propose a hypothetical framework that predicts different patterns in tissue δ2H values collected in different seasons from residents and elevational migrants. This framework can serve as a reference for future studies that assess elevational migration in birds and other animals.
toBeeView: a program for simulating the retinal image of visual scenes on nonhuman eyes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gironés Miguel A. , Ruiz Alberto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present toBeeView, a program that produces from a digital photograph, or a set of photographs, an approximation of the image formed at the sampling station stage in the eye of an animal. toBeeView is freely available from https://github.com/EEZA-CSIC/compound-eye-simulator. toBeeView assumes that sampling stations in the retina are distributed on a hexagonal grid. Each sampling station computes the weighted average of the color of the part of the visual scene projecting on its photoreceptors, and the hexagon of the output image associated with the sampling station is filled in this average color. Users can specify the visual angle subtended by the scene and the basic parameters determining the spatial resolution of the eye: photoreceptor spatial distribution and optic quality of the eye. The photoreceptor distribution is characterized by the vertical and horizontal interommatidial angles—which can vary along the retina. The optic quality depends on the section of the visual scene projecting onto each sampling station, determined by the acceptance angle. The output of toBeeView provides a first approximation to the amount of visual information available at the retina for subsequent processing, summarizing in an intuitive way the interaction between eye optics and receptor density. This tool can be used whenever it is important to determine the visual acuity of a species and will be particularly useful to study processes where object detection and identification is important, such as visual displays, camouflage, and mimicry.
Projected changes in climatic suitability for Kinosternon turtles by 2050 and 2070
Authors: Butler Christopher J. , Stanila Brian D. , Iverson John B. , Stone Paul A. , Bryson Matthew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChelonians are expected to be negatively impacted by climate change due to limited vagility and temperature‐dependent sex determination. However, few studies have examined how freshwater turtle distributions may shift under different climate change scenarios. We used a maximum entropy approach to model the distribution of five widespread North American Kinosternon species (K. baurii, K. flavescens, K. hirtipes, K. sonoriense, and K. subrubrum) under four climate change scenarios. We found that areas with suitable climatic conditions for K. baurii and K. hirtipes are expected to decline substantially during the 21st century. In contrast, the area with suitable climate for K. sonoriense will remain essentially unchanged, while areas suitable for K. flavescens and K. subrubrum are expected to substantially increase. The centroid for the distribution of four of the five species shifted northward, while the centroid for K. sonoriense shifted slightly southward. Overall, centroids shifted at a median rate of 37.5 km per decade across all scenarios. Given the limited dispersal ability of turtles, it appears unlikely that range shifts will occur rapidly enough to keep pace with climate change during the 21st century. The ability of chelonians to modify behavioral and physiological responses in response to unfavorable conditions may allow turtles to persist for a time in areas that have become increasingly unsuitable, but this plasticity will likely only delay local extinctions.
Land abandonment and changes in snow cover period accelerate range expansions of sika deer
Authors: Ohashi Haruka , Kominami Yuji , Higa Motoki , Koide Dai , Nakao Katsuhiro , Tsuyama Ikutaro , Matsui Tetsuya , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOngoing climate change and land‐use change have the potential to substantially alter the distribution of large herbivores. This may result in drastic changes in ecosystems by changing plant–herbivore interactions. Here, we developed a model explaining sika deer persistence and colonization between 25 years in terms of neighborhood occupancy and habitat suitability. We used climatic, land‐use, and topographic variables to calculate the habitat suitability and evaluated the contributions of the variables to past range changes of sika deer. We used this model to predict the changes in the range of sika deer over the next 100 years under four scenario groups with the combination of land‐use change and climate change. Our results showed that both climate change and land‐use change had affected the range of sika deer in the past 25 years. Habitat suitability increased in northern or mountainous regions, which account for 71.6% of Japan, in line with a decrease in the snow cover period. Habitat suitability decreased in suburban areas, which account for 28.4% of Japan, corresponding to land‐use changes related to urbanization. In the next 100 years, the decrease in snow cover period and the increase in land abandonment were predicted to accelerate the range expansion of sika deer. Comparison of these two driving factors revealed that climate change will contribute more to range expansion, particularly from the 2070s onward. In scenarios that assumed the influence of both climate change and land‐use change, the total sika deer range increased by between +4.6% and +11.9% from the baseline scenario. Climate change and land‐use change will require additional efforts for future management of sika deer, particularly in the long term.