bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the definition and the lower semicontinuity of certain quasiconvex integrals
Authors: Marcellini Paolo 
Published: March 2017

Let us consider vector-valued functions

u:\mathrm{\Omega }\rightarrow \mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}}

, defined in an open bounded set

\mathrm{\Omega } \subset \mathrm{ℝ}^{n}

. Let

f(x, ξ)

be a continuous function in

\mathrm{\Omega }\: \times \:\mathrm{ℝ}^{n\mathrm{N}}

, quasiconvex with respect on

ξ

, that satisfies, for some

p ≦ q

, the growth conditions

c_1|ξ|^p ≦ f(x, ξ) ≦ c_2(1 + |ξ|^q)

.

The integral

\mathrm{I}(u) = \int _{\mathrm{\Omega }}f(x,\mathrm{D}u(x))dx

is well defined if

u \in \mathrm{H}^{1,q}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

. We extend the integral

\mathrm I(u)

to functions

u \in \mathrm{H}^{1,p}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

, and we study its lower semicontinuity in the weak topology of

\mathrm{H}^{1,p}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

, in order to obtain existence of minima.

Résumé

Soit

\mathrm{\Omega } \subset \mathrm{ℝ}^{n}

un ouvert borné et soit

u:\mathrm{\Omega }\rightarrow \mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}}

. Soit

f(x, ξ)

une fonction continue sur

\mathrm{\Omega }\: \times \:\mathrm{ℝ}^{n\mathrm{N}}

, quasi-convexe en

ξ

et qui satisfait à la condition

c_{1}\left|\xi \right|^{p}≦f(x,\xi )≦c_{2}(1 + \left|\xi \right|^{q})

avec

p ≦ q

.

L’intégrale

\mathrm{I}(u) = \int _{\mathrm{\Omega }}f(x,\mathrm{D}u(x))dx

est bien définie si

u \in \mathrm{H}^{1,q}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

. On étend l’intégrale

\mathrm I(u)

aux fonctions

u \in \mathrm{H}^{1,p}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

et on étudie la semi-continuité dans la topologie faible de

\mathrm{H}^{1,p}(\mathrm{\Omega }\:;\mathrm{ℝ}^{\mathrm{N}})

pour obtenir l’existence de minimum.
Hopf bifurcation for fully nonlinear equations in Banach space
Authors: da Prato Giuseppe , Lunardi Alessandra 
Published: March 2017

We study Hopf bifurcation for some fully nonlinear evolution equations in Banach spaces.

Résumé
Nous étudions la bifurcation de Hopf pour des équations totalement non linéaires dans les espaces de Banach.
Partial regularity of minimizers of quasiconvex integrals
Authors: Giaquinta Mariano , Modica Giuseppe 
Published: March 2017

We consider variational integrals

\int _{\mathrm{\Omega }}\mathrm{F}\left(x,\:u,\:\mathrm{D}u\right)dx

with integrands

F(x, u, p)

growing polynomially and of class

C^2

in

p

and Hölder-continuous in

(x, u)

. Under the main assumption that

F(x, u, p)

is strictly quasiconvex we prove that each minimizer is of Class

C^{1,μ}

in an open set

Ω_0 ⊂ Ω

with meas

(Ω − Ω_0) = 0

.

Résumé
On considère des fonctionnelles du Calcul des Variations

\int _{\mathrm{\Omega }}\mathrm{F}\left(x,\:u,\:\mathrm{D}u\right)dx

et on suppose que

F(x, u, p)

ait une croissance polynomiale en

p

et soit de classe

C^2

en

p

et Hölderienne en

(x, u)

. Sous l’hypothèse que

F(x, u, p)

soit strictement quasiconvexe nous démontrons que les minima ont les dérivées premières Hölderiennes dans un ouvert

Ω_0 ⊂ Ω

de mesure totale égale à

Ω

.
Minimax principles for lower semicontinuous functions and applications to nonlinear boundary value problems
Authors: Szulkin Andrzej 
Published: March 2017

Let

\mathrm X

be a real Banach space and

I

a function on

\mathrm X

such that

I = Φ + ψ

with

\mathrm{\Phi } \in \mathrm{C}^{1}\left(\mathrm{X},\mathrm{ℝ}\right)

and

ψ : X → (−∞, +∞]

convex, proper and lower semicontinuous. A point

u\in \mathrm X

is said to be critical if

ψ(u) ≠ +∞

and

〈Φ'(u), v − u〉 + ψ(v) − ψ(u) ≧ 0

∀v \in \mathrm X

. The paper contains a number of existence theorems for critical points of functions of the above mentioned type. Critical levels of saddle type are characterized by minimax principles. The results are applied to variational inequalities and variational equations with single- and multivalued operators, which arise from studying certain elliptic boundary value problems.

Résumé

Soit

\mathrm X

un espace de Banach et

I

une fonction sur

\mathrm X

de la forme

I = Φ + ψ

, où

Φ

est

C^1

et

ψ

est convexe s. c. i., pouvant prendre la valeur

+∞

. On définit une notion naturelle de point critique, et l’on démontre des théorèmes d’existence par des méthodes de minimax, du type Liusternik–Schnivelman. On applique ces résultats à des équations et inéquations variationnelles de type elliptique.
A nonlinear scattering problem
Authors: Narayan Jack , Stengle Gilbert 
Published: March 2017

We consider neutral nearly diagonal

n

-dimensional systems of the form

ε^2y' = ixΛ(x)y + g(x, ε, y)

. We study the propagation of solutions from

x = − ∞

to

x = + ∞

past the complete degeneracy of the linearized problem at

x = 0

. Under several conditions on

Λ

and

g

we show that for small

c

in

\mathbb C^n

there exists a global solution having the form

\begin{align*}
y &= \left\{\:\exp \:\frac{i}{\varepsilon ^{2}}\int _{0}^{x}s\mathrm{\Lambda }(s)ds\right\}c
&&\text{near } x = − ∞ \text{ and }\\
y &= \left\{\:\exp \:\frac{i}{\varepsilon ^{2}}\int _{0}^{x}s\mathrm{\Lambda }(s)ds\right\}\mathrm{S}(\varepsilon ,\:c)
&&\text{near } x = + ∞.
\end{align*}

Here

S(ε, c) \in \mathbb C^n

is the
scattering function
. Our main result is an asymptotic formula for

S(ε, c)

. We show that if

g(0, 0, y) = 0

and

g= Σg_{jk}(x, ε)y_jy_k + 0(|y|^3)

then

\begin{align*}
\mathrm{S}(\varepsilon ,\:c) = c &+ \mathrm{\Sigma }c_{j}c_{k}\left(2\mathrm{\pi }i\{\mathrm{\Lambda }(0)−(\lambda _{j}(0) + \lambda _{k}(0))\mathrm{I}\}\right)^{−1/ 2}\frac{∂g_{jk}}{∂\varepsilon }\left(0,0\right) \\
& + 0(\left|c\right|^{3}) + 0(\varepsilon ).
\end{align*}

To establish this formula we use the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser method and the Moser–Jacobowitz approximation method to obtain
a priori
estimates for solutions. These
a priori
estimates provide a rigorous justification for our calculation of explicit asymptotic formulas by a technique of matched asymptotic expansions.

Résumé

Nous considérons des systèmes différentiels neutres à

n

dimensions presque diagonaux de la forme

ε^2y' = ixΛ(x)y + g(x, ε, y)

. Nous étudions la propagation des solutions depuis

x = − ∞

jusqu’à

x = + ∞

à travers la dégénérescence complète du problème linéarisé à l’origine. Moyennant diverses conditions sur

Λ

et

g

nous montrons que, pour

c

assez petit dans

\mathbb C^n

, il existe une solution globale de la forme

\begin{align*}
y &= \left\{\:\exp \:\frac{i}{\varepsilon ^{2}}\int _{0}^{x}s\mathrm{\Lambda }(s)\:ds\right\}c
&&\text{au voisinage de }x = − ∞, \text{ et }\\
y &= \left\{\:\exp \:\frac{i}{\varepsilon ^{2}}\int _{0}^{x}s\mathrm{\Lambda }(s)\:ds\right\}\mathrm{S}(\varepsilon ,\:c)
&&\text{au voisinage de }x = + ∞.
\end{align*}

Ici

S(ε, c)

est la fonction de scattering.

Notre résultat principal est une formule asymptotique pour

S(ε, c)

.

Pour l’établir, nous utilisons la méthode de Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser et la formule d’approximation de Moser–Jacobowitz pour obtenir des estimations
a priori
, qui nous permettent de justifier rigoureusement le calcul des formules asymptotiques par une technique de comparaison.
A note on harmonic maps between surfaces
Authors: Jost Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

In this note, the relation between harmonic maps between surfaces and holomorphic quadratic differentials is investigated. Remember that if

Σ_1

and

Σ_2

are surfaces with conformal metrics

\mathrm{\sigma }^{2}dzd\bar z

and

\mathrm{\rho }^{2}dud\bar u

, resp., and

u : Σ_1 → Σ_2

is harmonic, then

\phi : = \rho ^{2}u_{z}\bar u_{z}dz^{2}

is a holomorphic quadratic differential on

Σ_1

(and

ϕ

vanishes identically if and only if

u

is conformal).

It has been an open question to which extent the converse is true, i.e. whether a map with holomorphic

ϕ

is harmonic.

In the article under consideration, a variational procedure is invented that produces a map with holomorphic

ϕ

in every homotopy class of maps between closed surfaces. While on one hand, thus conformal selfmaps of the two-sphere are obtained by a variational method, answering a question of Uhlenbeck, contrasting this existence result on the other hand with some nonexistence results for harmonic maps, one is led to a negative answer to the above converse question. An explicit example is displayed as well.

Résumé

Dans cette note, on étudie la relation entre deux définitions pour les applications harmoniques

u

en dimension deux, l’une étant que la forme différentielle quadratique

\tag{1}
\omega : = \left|u_{x}\right|^{2}−\left|u_{y}\right|^{2}−2i\:\langle u_{x},u_{y}\rangle

(associée à

u

, où

z = x + iy

est une coordonnée conforme locale) soit holomorphe, l’autre étant l’équation différentielle du deuxième ordre

\tag{2}
\mathrm{\tau }(u) = 0

(2) implique que

ω

soit holomorphe. Nous déterminons, dans quelle mesure l’implication inverse n’est pas vraie, et donnons une réponse négative à une question de Eells–Lemaire. De plus, nous construisons une procédure variationnelle, qui donne des revêtements ramifiés conformes de

S^2

.
ACCURACY UNCOMPOSED: AGAINST CALIBRATIONISM
Authors: Levinstein B. A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPettigrew offers new axiomatic constraints on legitimate measures of inaccuracy. His axiom called ‘Decomposition’ stipulates that legitimate measures of inaccuracy evaluate a credence function in part based on its level of calibration at a world. I argue that if calibration is valuable, as Pettigrew claims, then this fact is an explanandum for accuracy-first epistemologists, not an explanans, for three reasons. First, the intuitive case for the importance of calibration isn't as strong as Pettigrew believes. Second, calibration is a perniciously global property that both contravenes Pettigrew's own views about the nature of credence functions themselves and undercuts the achievements and ambitions of accuracy-first epistemology. Finally, Decomposition introduces a new kind of value compatible with but separate from accuracy-proper in violation of Pettigrew's alethic monism.
On a stabilization mechanism for low-velocity detonations
Authors: Sow Aliou , Semenko Roman E. , Kasimov Aslan R. 
Published: March 2017

We use numerical simulations of the reactive Euler equations to analyse the nonlinear stability of steady-state one-dimensional solutions for gaseous detonations in the presence of both momentum and heat losses. Our results point to a possible stabilization mechanism for the low-velocity detonations in such systems. The mechanism stems from the existence of a one-parameter family of solutions found in Semenko et al. (Shock Waves, vol. 26 (2), 2016, pp. 141–160).
Naturally occurring and added sugar in relation to macronutrient intake and food consumption: results from a population-based study in adults
Authors: Kaartinen Niina E. , Similä Minna E. , Kanerva Noora , Valsta Liisa M. , Harald Kennet , Männistö Satu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAssociations between sugar intake and the remaining diet are poorly described in modern food environments. We aimed at exploring associations of high naturally occurring and added sugar intakes with sociodemographic characteristics, intake of macronutrients, fibre and selected food groups. Our data comprised 4842 Finnish adults aged 25–74 years, who participated in the population-based DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (DILGOM) study. Diet was assessed by a validated 131-item FFQ. The food item disaggregation approach was used to estimate sucrose and fructose intakes from natural sources (naturally occurring sugar) and all other sources (added sugar). Sex-specific trends in macronutrient, fibre and food group intakes across sugar type quartiles were determined with general linear modelling adjusting for age, energy intake, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, education and BMI. Overall, results were similar across sexes. Young age was found to be a determinant of higher added sugar and lower naturally occurring sugar intakes (P < 0·0001). High added sugar intake was associated with low fibre intake (P < 0·0001) accompanied with lower fruit (P < 0·0001 women; P = 0·022 men) and vegetable consumption (P < 0·0001) and higher wheat consumption (P = 0·0003 women; P < 0·0001 men). Opposite results were found for naturally occurring sugar. Butter consumption increased by 28–32 % (P < 0·0001) when shifting from the lowest to the highest added sugar intake quartile, while a decrease of 26–38 % (P < 0·0001) was found for naturally occurring sugar. Therefore, the associations of sugar types with dietary carbohydrate and fat quality seem opposing. Proper adjustments with dietary variables are needed when studying independent relationships between sugar and health.
Consistent patterns of trophic niche specialization in host populations infected with a non-native copepod parasite
Authors: PEGG J. , ANDREOU D. , WILLIAMS C. F. , BRITTON J. R. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYPopulations of generalist species often comprise of smaller sub-sets of relatively specialized individuals whose niches comprise small sub-sets of the overall population niche. Here, the role of parasite infections in trophic niche specialization was tested using five wild fish populations infected with the non-native parasiteErgasilus briani, a copepod parasite with a direct lifecycle that infects the gill tissues of fish hosts. Infected and uninfected fishes were sampled from the same habitats during sampling events. Prevalence in the host populations ranged between 16 and 67%, with parasite abundances of up to 66 parasites per fish. Although pathological impacts included hyperplasia and localized haemorrhaging of gill tissues, there were no significant differences in the length, weight and condition of infected and uninfected fishes. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C,δ15N) revealed that the trophic niche of infected fishes, measured as standard ellipse area (i.e. the isotopic niche), was consistently and significantly smaller compared with uninfected conspecifics. These niches of infected fishes always sat within that of uninfected fish, suggesting trophic specialization in hosts. These results suggested trophic specialization is a potentially important non-lethal consequence of parasite infection that results from impaired functional traits of the host.
New developments in probing and targeting protein acylation in malaria, leishmaniasis and African sleeping sickness
Authors: RITZEFELD MARKUS , WRIGHT MEGAN H. , TATE EDWARD W. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYInfections by protozoan parasites, such asPlasmodium falciparumorLeishmania donovani, have a significant health, social and economic impact and threaten billions of people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions of developing countries worldwide. The increasing range of parasite strains resistant to frontline therapeutics makes the identification of novel drug targets and the development of corresponding inhibitors vital. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important modulators of biology and inhibition of protein lipidation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of parasitic diseases. In this review we summarize the latest insights into protein lipidation in protozoan parasites. We discuss how recent chemical proteomic approaches have delivered the first global overviews of protein lipidation in these organisms, contributing to our understanding of the role of this PTM in critical metabolic and cellular functions. Additionally, we highlight the development of new small molecule inhibitors to target parasite acyl transferases.
Analytic spread and non-vanishing of asymptotic depth
Authors: MIRANDA–NETO CLETO B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLetSbe a polynomial ring over a fieldKof characteristic zero and letM⊂Sbe an ideal given as an intersection of powers of incomparable monomial prime ideals (e.g., the case whereMis a squarefree monomial ideal). In this paper we provide a very effective, sufficient condition for a monomial prime idealP⊂ScontainingMbe such that the localisationMPhasnon-maximal analytic spread. Our technique describes, in fact, a concrete obstruction forPto be an asymptotic prime divisor ofMwith respect to the integral closure filtration, allowing us to employ a theorem of McAdam as a bridge to analytic spread. As an application, we derive – with the aid of results of Brodmann and Eisenbud-Huneke – a situation where the asymptotic and conormal asymptotic depths cannot vanish locally at such primes.
The Resuscitative and Pharmacokinetic Effects of Humeral Intraosseous Vasopressin in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Burgert James M. , Johnson Arthur D. , Garcia-Blanco Jose , Fulton Lawrence V. , Loughren Michael J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) and European Resuscitation Council (Niel, Belgium) cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines recommend the intraosseous (IO) route when intravenous (IV) access cannot be obtained. Vasopressin has been used as an alternative to epinephrine to treat ventricular fibrillation (VF).Hypothesis/ProblemLimited data exist on the pharmacokinetics and resuscitative effects of vasopressin administered by the humeral IO (HIO) route for treatment of VF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIO and IV vasopressin, on the occurrence, odds, and time of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and pharmacokinetic measures in a swine model of VF.MethodsTwenty-seven Yorkshire-cross swine (60 to 80 kg) were assigned randomly to three groups: HIO (n=9), IV (n=9), and a control group (n=9). Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for two minutes. Chest compressions began at two minutes post-arrest and vasopressin (40 U) administered at four minutes post-arrest. Serial blood specimens were collected for four minutes, then the swine were resuscitated until ROSC or 29 post-arrest minutes elapsed.ResultsFisher’s Exact test determined ROSC was significantly higher in the HIO 5/7 (71.5%) and IV 8/11 (72.7%) groups compared to the control 0/9 (0.0%; P=.001). Odds ratios of ROSC indicated no significant difference between the treatment groups (P=.68) but significant differences between the HIO and control, and the IV and control groups (P=.03 and .01, respectively). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated the mean time to ROSC for HIO and IV was 621.20 seconds (SD=204.21 seconds) and 554.50 seconds (SD=213.96 seconds), respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (U=11; P=.22). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of vasopressin in the HIO and IV groups was 71753.9 pg/mL (SD=26744.58 pg/mL) and 61853.7 pg/mL (SD=22745.04 pg/mL); 111.42 seconds (SD=51.3 seconds) and 114.55 seconds (SD=55.02 seconds), respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant difference in plasma vasopressin concentrations between the treatment groups over four minutes (P=.48).ConclusionsThe HIO route delivered vasopressin effectively in a swine model of VF. Occurrence, time, and odds of ROSC, as well as pharmacokinetic measurements of HIO vasopressin, were comparable to IV.BurgertJM, JohnsonAD, Garcia-BlancoJ, FultonLV, LoughrenMJ. The resuscitative and pharmacokinetic effects of humeral intraosseous vasopressin in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):305–310.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Spontaneous Volunteer Response to the 2013 Sudan Floods: Changing the Paradigm
Authors: Albahari Amin , Schultz Carl H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionWhile the concept of community resilience is gaining traction, the role of spontaneous volunteers during the initial response to disasters remains controversial. In an attempt to resolve some of the debate, investigators examined the activities of a spontaneous volunteer group called Nafeer after the Sudan floods around the city of Khartoum in August of 2013.HypothesisCan spontaneous volunteers successfully initiate, coordinate, and deliver sustained assistance immediately after a disaster?MethodsThis retrospective, descriptive case study involved: (1) interviews with Nafeer members that participated in the disaster response to the Khartoum floods; (2) examination of documents generated during the event; and (3) subsequent benchmarking of their efforts with the Sphere Handbook. Members who agreed to participate were requested to provide all documents in their possession relating to Nafeer. The response by Nafeer was then benchmarked to the Sphere Handbook’s six core standards, as well as the 11 minimum standards in essential health services.ResultsA total of 11 individuals were interviewed (six from leadership and five from active members). Nafeer’s activities included: food provision; delivery of basic health care; environmental sanitation campaigns; efforts to raise awareness; and construction and strengthening of flood barricades. Its use of electronic platforms and social media to collect data and coordinate the organization’s response was effective. Nafeer adopted a flat-management structure, dividing itself into 14 committees. A Coordination Committee was in charge of liaising between all committees. The Health and Sanitation Committee supervised two health days which included mobile medical and dentistry clinics supported by a mobile laboratory and pharmacy. The Engineering Committee managed to construct and maintain flood barricades. Nafeer used crowd-sourcing to fund its activities, receiving donations locally and internationally using supporters outside Sudan. Nafeer completely fulfilled three of Sphere’s core standards and partially fulfilled the other three, but none of the essential health services standards were fulfilled. Even though the Sphere Handbook was chosen as the best available “gold standard” to benchmark Nafeer’s efforts, it showed significant limitations in effectively measuring this group.ConclusionIt appears that independent spontaneous volunteer initiatives, like Nafeer, potentially can improve community resilience and play a significant role in the humanitarian response. Such organizations should be the subject of increased research activity. Relevant bodies should consider issuing separate guidelines supporting spontaneous volunteer organizations.AlbahariA, SchultzCH. A qualitative analysis of the spontaneous volunteer response to the 2013 Sudan floods: changing the paradigm. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):240–248.
Structural basis of a novel PD-L1 nanobody for immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wei Hudie , Wang Xiaoxiao , Bai Yu , Wang Pilin , Wu Jiawei , Jiang Xiaoyong , Wang Yugang , Cai Haiyan , Xu Ting , Zhou Aiwu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe use of antibodies to target immune checkpoints, particularly PD-1/PD-L1, has made a profound impact in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we identified KN035, an anti-PD-L1 nanobody that can strongly induce T-cell responses and inhibit tumor growth. The crystal structures of KN035 complexed with PD-L1 and free PD-L1, solved here at 1.7 and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively, show that KN035 competes with PD-1 (programmed death protein 1) for the same flat surface on PD-L1, mainly through a single surface loop of 21 amino acids. This loop forms two short helices and develops key hydrophobic and ionic interactions with PD-L1 residues, such as Ile54, Tyr56 and Arg113, which are also involved in PD-1 binding. The detailed mutagenesis study identified the hotspot residues of the PD-L1 surface and provides an explanation for the stronger (~1 000-fold) binding of KN035 to PD-L1 than PD-1 and its lack of binding to PD-L2. Overall, this study reveals how a single immunoglobulin-variable scaffold of KN035 or PD-1 can bind to a flat protein surface through either a single surface loop or beta-sheet strands; and provides a basis for designing new immune checkpoint blockers and generating bi-specific antibodies for combination therapy.