bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interdisciplinary Spiritual Care Model – A holistic Approach to Patient Care
Authors: Hefti René , Esperandio Mary Rute Gomes 
Published: March 2016

<p>Nas duas últimas décadas, os estudos sobre a relação entre espiritualidade e saúde tem crescido significativamente no cenário internacional. No Brasil, as pesquisas nesse campo ganharam maior visibilidade a partir de 2009, sobretudo nas Ciências da Saúde, onde começou a aparecer o termo “cuidado espiritual”. Na Teologia, estudos sobre cuidado espiritual dentro do contexto da saúde são escassos. Este artigo pretende contribuir com a ampliação desta reflexão. Primeiramente, o cuidado espiritual é abordado a partir da produção científica em língua portuguesa. Em seguida, o modelo interdisciplinar de cuidado espiritual é apresentado como uma abordagem holística de cuidado ao paciente e também são delineadas as consequências da aplicação de um modelo de cuidado espiritual. Discute-se ainda, o papel novo e recém definido dos capelães hospitalares, conselheiros pastorais e cuidadores espirituais. O texto conclui mencionando os principais desafios que acompanham o cuidado espiritual interdisciplinar, especialmente aqueles que dizem respeito ao treinamento dos profissionais do cuidado em saúde.</p>
Automated Extraction of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using the Roche Cobas 4800 System
Authors: Kerr Darcy A. , Sweeney Brenda , Arpin Ronald N. , Ring Melissa , Pitman Martha B. , Wilbur David C. , Faquin William C. 
Published: March 2016

Context.—Testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is important for both prognostication and clinical management. Several testing platforms are available for HR-HPV; however, effective alternative automated approaches are needed.Objective.—To assess the performance of the automated Roche cobas 4800 HPV real-time polymerase chain reaction-based system on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HNSCC specimens and compare results with standard methods of in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemistry.Design.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of HNSCC were collected from archival specimens in the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston), and prepared using the automated system by deparaffinization and dehydration followed by tissue lysis. Samples were integrated into routine cervical cytology testing runs by cobas. Corresponding formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were evaluated for HR-HPV by ISH and p16 by immunohistochemistry. Discrepant cases were adjudicated by polymerase chain reaction.Results.—Sixty-two HNSCC samples were analyzed using the automated cobas system, ISH, and immunohistochemistry. Fifty-two percent (n = 32 of 62) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors were positive for HR-HPV by cobas. Eighty-eight percent (n = 28 of 32) of cases were the HPV 16 subtype and 12% (n = 4 of 32) were other HR-HPV subtypes. Corresponding testing with ISH was concordant in 92% (n = 57 of 62) of cases. Compared with the adjudication polymerase chain reaction standard, there were 3 false-positive cases by cobas.Conclusions.—Concordance in HNSCC HR-HPV status between cobas and ISH was more than 90%. The cobas demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 91% for detection of HR-HPV. Advantages favoring cobas include its automation, cost efficiency, objective results, and ease of performance.
Soft tissue artifact evaluation of the cervical spine in motion patterns of flexion and lateral bending: a preliminary study
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Lui Zhongwen , Qian Zhihui , Ren Luquan 
Published: March 2016

Background.Soft tissue artifact (STA) is increasingly becoming a focus of research as the skin marker method is widely employed in motion capture technique. At present, medical imaging methods provide reliable ways to investigate the cervical STA. Among these approaches, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly preferred tool because of its low radiation.Methods.In the study, the 3D spatial location of vertebral landmarks and corresponding skin markers of the spinous processes of the second (C2), fifth (C5), and sixth (C6) cervical levels during flexion and lateral bending were investigated. A series of static postures were scanned using MRI. Skin deformation was obtained by the Mimics software.Results.Results shows that during flexion, the maximum skin deformation occurs at C6, in the superior–inferior (Z) direction. Upon lateral bending, the maximum skin displacement occurs at C2 level, in the left–right (Y) direction. The result presents variability of soft tissue in the terms of direction and magnitude, which is consistent with the prevailing opinion.Discussion.The results testified variability of cervical STA. Future studies involving large ranges of subject classification, such as age, sex, height, gravity, and etc. should be performed to completely verify the existing hypothesis on human cervical skin deformation.
Crustal structure and fluid distribution beneath the southern part of the Hidaka collision zone revealed by 3‐D electrical resistivity modeling
Authors: Ichihara Hiroshi , Mogi Toru , Tanimoto Kengo , Yamaya Yusuke , Hashimoto Takeshi , Uyeshima Makoto , Ogawa Yasuo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Hidaka collision zone, where the Kurile and northeastern (NE) Japan arcs collide, provides a useful study area for elucidating the processes of arc‐continent evolution and inland earthquakes. To produce an image of the collision structure and elucidate the mechanisms of anomalously deep inland earthquakes such as the 1970 Hidaka earthquake (M6.7), we conducted magnetotelluric observations and generated a three‐dimensional resistivity distribution in the southern part of the Hidaka collision zone. The modeled resistivity was characterized by a high resistivity area in the upper crust of the Kurile arc corresponding to metamorphic rocks. The model also showed conductive zones beneath the center of the collision zone. The boundary between the resistive and conductive areas corresponds geometrically to the Hidaka main thrust, which is regarded as the arc‐arc boundary. The correspondence supports the collision model that the upper‐middle part of crust in the Kurile arc is obducting over the NE Japan arc. The conductive areas were interpreted as fluid‐filled zones associated with collision processes and upwelling of dehydrated fluid from the subducting Pacific slab. The fluid flow possibly contributes to over‐pressurized conduction that produces deep inland earthquakes. We also observed a significant conductive anomaly beneath the area of Horoman peridotite, which may be related to the uplift of mantle materials to the surface.
Swell dissipation from 10 years of Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar in wave mode
Authors: Stopa Justin E. , Ardhuin Fabrice , Husson Romain , Jiang Haoyu , Chapron Bertrand , Collard Fabrice 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSwells are found in all oceans and strongly influence the wave climate and air‐sea processes. The poorly known swell dissipation is the largest source of error in wave forecasts and hindcasts. We use synthetic aperture radar data to identify swell sources and trajectories, allowing a statistically significant estimation of swell dissipation. We mined the entire Envisat mission 2003–2012 to find suitable storms with swells (13 < T < 18 s) that are observed several times along their propagation. This database of swell events provides a comprehensive view of swell extending previous efforts. The analysis reveals that swell dissipation weakly correlates with the wave steepness, wind speed, orbital wave velocity, and the relative direction of wind and waves. Although several negative dissipation rates are found, there are uncertainties in the synthetic aperture radar‐derived swell heights and dissipation rates. An acceptable range of the swell dissipation rate is −0.1 to 6 × 10−7 m−1 with a median of 1 × 10−7 m−1.
Thermospheric hydrogen response to increases in greenhouse gases
Authors: Nossal S. M. , Qian L. , Solomon S. C. , Burns A. G. , Wang W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigated thermospheric hydrogen response to increase in greenhouse gases and the dependence of this response to solar activity, using a global mean version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. We separately doubled carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to study the influence of temperature and changes to source species for hydrogen. Our results indicate that both CO2 cooling and CH4 changes to the source species for hydrogen lead to predicted increases in the upper thermospheric hydrogen density. At 400 km, hydrogen increases ~30% under solar maximum and ~25% under solar minimum responding to doubling of CH4, indicating that hydrogen response to the source variation due to CH4 increase is relatively independent of solar activity. On the other hand, hydrogen response to doubling of CO2 highly depends on solar activity. At 400 km, doubling of CO2 results in an ~7% hydrogen increase at solar maximum, whereas it is ~25% at solar minimum. Consequently, at solar maximum, the predicted ~40% increase in atomic hydrogen in the upper thermosphere is primarily due to the source variation as a result of doubling of CH4, whereas at solar minimum, both cooling due to doubling of CO2 and the source variation due to doubling of CH4 have commensurate effects, resulting in an approximate 50% increase in the modeled upper thermospheric hydrogen.
The Harang reversal and the interchange stability of the magnetotail
Authors: Ohtani Shinichi , Gkioulidou Matina , Wang Chih‐Ping , Wolf Richard A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe present study addresses steady convection in the plasma sheet in terms of the interchange stability with special attention to the Harang reversal. The closure of the tail current with a field‐aligned current (FAC) results from the divergence/convergence of the pressure gradient current. If the magnetotail is in a steady state, the associated change of local plasma pressure p has to balance with its advective change. Accordingly, for adiabatic transport, the flux tube entropy parameter pVγ increases and decreases along the convection path in regions corresponding to downward and upward FACs, respectively. This requirement, along with the condition for the interchange stability imposes an important constraint on the direction of convection especially in the regions of downward FACs. It is deduced that for the dusk cell, the convection in the downward R2 current has to be directed azimuthally duskward, which follows the sunward, possibly dawnward deflected, convection in the region of the premidnight upward R1 current. This duskward turn of convection takes place in the vicinity of the R1‐R2 demarcation, and it presumably corresponds to the Harang reversal. For the dawn cell the convection in the postmidnight downward R1 current has to deflect dawnward, and then it proceeds sunward in the upward R2 current. The continuity of the associated ionospheric currents consistently reproduces the assumed FAC distribution. The proposed interrelationships between the convection and FACs are also verified with a quasi‐steady plasma sheet configuration and convection reproduced by a modified Rice Convection Model with force balance.
Parallel and oblique firehose instability thresholds for bi‐kappa distributed protons
Authors: Astfalk Patrick , Jenko Frank 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe parallel and the oblique firehose instability are generally accepted as the leading mechanisms shaping the boundaries of the protons' pressure anisotropies observed in the solar wind forp∥>p⊥. However, it is still an open question which instability dominates this process. Only recently, first attempts were made to study the linear growth of the parallel firehose assuming more realistic bi‐kappa velocity distributions instead of traditionally used bi‐Maxwellians. We apply a newly developed, fully kinetic dispersion solver to numerically derive the instability thresholds for both firehose instabilities. In contrast to former findings, we observe that the presence of suprathermal populations yields a growth amplification which lowers the instability threshold of the parallel firehose. This is due to enhanced cyclotron resonance. For the first time, we also look at the oblique firehose threshold and find a contrary picture. Here the presence of suprathermal particles leads to an increase of the instability threshold. The enhancement of the parallel firehose and the suppression of the oblique firehose are expected to be of relevance in the solar wind and may alter the competition between both instabilities. Based on our findings, we propose a method how solar wind data could be used to identify the instability mechanism dominating this competition and shaping the observed anisotropy boundary.
Coupling between mineral reactions, chemical changes in groundwater, and earthquakes in Iceland
Authors: Andrén Margareta , Stockmann Gabrielle , Skelton Alasdair , Sturkell Erik , Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Guðrúnardóttir Helga Rakel , Keller Nicole Simone , Odling Nic , Dahrén Börje , Broman Curt , Balic‐Zunic Tonci , Hjartarson Hreinn , Siegmund Heike , Freund Friedemann , Kockum Ingrid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChemical analysis of groundwater samples collected from a borehole at Hafralækur, northern Iceland, from October 2008 to June 2015 revealed (1) a long‐term decrease in concentration of Si and Na and (2) an abrupt increase in concentration of Na before each of two consecutive M > 5 earthquakes which occurred in 2012 and 2013, both 76 km from Hafralækur. Based on a geochemical (major elements and stable isotopes), petrological, and mineralogical study of drill cuttings taken from an adjacent borehole, we are able to show that (1) the long‐term decrease in concentration of Si and Na was caused by constant volume replacement of labradorite by analcime coupled with precipitation of zeolites in vesicles and along fractures and (2) the abrupt increase of Na concentration before the first earthquake records a switchover to nonstoichiometric dissolution of analcime with preferential release of Na into groundwater. We attribute decay of the Na peaks, which followed and coincided with each earthquake to uptake of Na along fractured or porous boundaries between labradorite and analcime crystals. Possible causes of these Na peaks are an increase of reactive surface area caused by fracturing or a shift from chemical equilibrium caused by mixing between groundwater components. Both could have been triggered by preseismic dilation, which was also inferred in a previous study by Skelton et al. (2014). The mechanism behind preseismic dilation so far from the focus of an earthquake remains unknown.
Spectral analysis of dike‐induced earthquakes in Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Tepp Gabrielle , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Yun Sang‐Ho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractShallow dike intrusions may be accompanied by fault slip above the dikes, a superposition which complicates seismic and geodetic data analyses. The diverse volcano‐tectonic and low‐frequency local earthquakes accompanying the 2005–2010 large‐volume dike intrusions in the Dabbahu‐Manda Hararo rift (Afar), some with fault displacements of up to 3 m at the surface, provide an opportunity to examine the relations among the earthquakes, dike intrusions, and surface ruptures. We apply the frequency index (FI) method to characterize the spectra of swarm earthquakes from six of the dikes. These earthquakes often have broad spectra with multiple peaks, making the usual peak frequency classification method unreliable. Our results show a general bimodal character with high FI earthquakes associated with deeper dikes (top > 3 km subsurface) and low FI earthquakes associated with shallow dikes, indicating that shallow dikes result in earthquakes with more low‐frequency content and larger‐amplitude surface waves. Low FI earthquakes are more common during dike emplacement, suggesting that interactions between the dike and faults may lead to lower FI. Taken together, likely source processes for low FI earthquakes are shallow hypocenters (<3 km) possibly with surface rupture, slow rupture velocities, and interactions with dike fluids. Strong site effects also heavily influence the earthquake spectral content. Additionally, our results suggest a continuum of spectral responses, implying either that impulsive volcano‐tectonic earthquakes and the unusual, emergent earthquakes have similar source processes or that simple spectral analyses, such as FI, cannot distinguish different source processes.
Seismic tomography and anisotropy of the Helan‐Liupan tectonic belt: Insight into lower crustal flow and seismotectonics
Authors: Cheng Bin , Zhao Dapeng , Cheng Shunyou , Ding Ziteng , Zhang Guowei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe determined detailed 3‐D P and S wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and Poisson's ratio (σ) images as well as P wave azimuthal anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Helan‐Liupan tectonic belt (HLTB) and adjacent regions. The data set used in this study consists of 38,880 P wave and 35,117 S wave arrival times from 5028 local earthquakes recorded by 66 seismic stations in the study area during 1980 to 2014. Obvious low‐Vp and low‐σ anomalies are revealed in the lower crust beneath the Qilian Orogenic Belt and Western Qinling, which we interpret as a weakened zone mainly caused by water and capable of ductile flow on a geological timescale. Our P wave anisotropy results suggest that the flow direction in the lower crust is nearly parallel to the direction of the geodetic crustal motion and that of the upper mantle flow beneath the study region. Most of the 26 large historical earthquakes (1125–1954) in the study region occurred in the boundary zones where Vp, Vs, and σ change drastically over a short distance. Beneath the source areas of the large historical earthquakes, fluid‐related low‐velocity zones exist widely in the lower crust. The fluids result from dehydration of hydrous minerals in the deeper crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. When the fluids migrate upward to the active faults, the fault zone friction is reduced and so large crustal earthquakes can be triggered. Our present results shed new light on the seismogenesis and geodynamics of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas.
A novel band‐pass filter based on a periodically drilled SIW structure
Authors: Coves A. , Torregrosa‐Penalva G. , San‐Blas A. A. , Sánchez‐Soriano M. A. , Martellosio A. , Bronchalo E. , Bozzi M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe design and fabrication of a band‐pass step impedance filter based on high and low dielectric constant sections has been realized on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The overall process includes the design of the ideal band‐pass prototype filter, where the implementation of the impedance inverters has been carried out by means of waveguide sections of lower permittivity. This can be practically achieved by implementing arrays of air holes along the waveguide. Several SIW structures with and without arrays of air holes have been simulated and fabricated in order to experimentally evaluate their relative permittivity. Additionally, the equivalent filter in SIW technology has been designed and optimized. Finally, a prototype of the designed filter has been fabricated and measured, showing a good agreement between measurements and simulations, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed design approach.
Transcurrent reactivation of Australia's western passive margin: An example of intraplate deformation from the central Indo‐Australian plate
Authors: Hengesh J. V. , Whitney B. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAustralia's northwestern passive margin intersects the eastern termination of the Java trench segment of the Sunda arc subduction zone and the western termination of Timor trough along the Banda arc tectonic collision zone. Differential relative motion between the Sunda arc subduction zone and the Banda arc collision zone has reactivated the former rifted margin of northwestern Australia evidenced by Pliocene to Quaternary age deformation along a 1400 km long offshore fault system. The fault system has higher rates of seismicity than the adjacent nonextended crustal terranes, has produced the largest historical earthquake in Australia (1941ML 7.3 Meeberrie event), and is dominated by focal mechanism solutions consistent with dextral motion along northeast trending fault planes. The faults crosscut late Miocene unconformities that are eroded across middle Miocene inversion structures suggesting multiple phases of Neogene and younger fault reactivation. Onset of deformation is consistent with the timing of the collision of the Scott Plateau part of the passive continental margin with the former Banda trench between 3.0 Ma and present. The range of estimated maximum horizontal slip rates across the zone is ~1.4 to 2.6 mm yr−1, at the threshold of geodetically detectable motion, yet significant with respect to an intraplate tectonic setting. The folding and faulting along this part of the continental margin provides an example of intraplate deformation resulting from kinematic transitions along a distant plate boundary and demonstrates the presence of a youthful evolving intraplate fault system within the Indo‐Australian plate.
Riverine dissolved lithium isotopic signatures in low‐relief central Africa and their link to weathering regimes
Authors: Henchiri Soufian , Gaillardet Jérôme , Dellinger Mathieu , Bouchez Julien , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe isotopic composition of dissolved lithium (δ7Li) near the Congo River mouth varied from 14‰ to 22‰ in 2010 and was negatively correlated to discharge. From the relationship between dissolved δ7Li and strontium isotopes, we suggest that this large variation is due to mixing of waters from two contrasting continental weathering regimes. One end‐member (high δ7Li ≈ 25‰) represents waters sourced from active lateritic soils covering the periphery of the basin (Li highly sequestered into secondary mineral products) and another representing blackwater rivers (low δ7Li ≈ 5.7‰) derived from the swampy central depression where high organic matter content in water leads to congruent dissolution of the Tertiary sedimentary bedrock. This suggests that the lithium isotopic signature of tropical low‐relief surfaces is not unique and traces the long‐term, large‐scale vertical motions of the continental crust that control geomorphological settings. This evolution should be recorded in the oceanic secular δ7Li curve.