bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevant obstetric factors associated with fetal heart rate monitoring for cerebral palsy in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Ikeda Tomoaki , Toyokawa Satoshi , Jojima Emi , Satoh Shoji , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Tamiya Nanako , Nakai Akihito , Fujimori Keiya , Maeda Tsugio , Masuzaki Hideaki , Takeda Satoru , Suzuki Hideaki , Ueda Shigeru , Ikenoue Tsuyomu ,   on behalf of the Prevention Recurrence Committee, Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe study identifies the relevant obstetric factors associated with fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring for cerebral palsy (CP) in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).MethodsThe subjects were neonates with CP (birth weight ≥ 2000 g, gestational age ≥ 33 weeks) who were approved for compensation for CP by the Operating Organization of the Japan Obstetric Compensation System between 2009 and 2012. After selection of women with antepartum HDP, obstetric characteristics associated with FHR monitoring were analyzed.ResultsThe subjects included 33 neonates with CP whose mothers suffered from HDP during pregnancy and 450 neonates whose mothers did not develop HDP. The rates of placental abruption (48.5% vs. 20%; P < 0.001) and light‐for‐gestational age (12.1% vs. 2.2%; P = 0.011) were significantly higher in women with HDP than in those without HDP. Regarding FHR pattern analysis, fetal bradycardia was observed on admission to hospital in 94% of women with placental abruption. In women without placental abruption, FHR was likely to indicate a favorable pattern on admission, but became worse with the progression of labor.ConclusionThis is first study to clinically demonstrate FHR patterns in CP cases in association with HDP. Although antepartum CP is undetectable, pregnant women with HDP should be placed under strict observation and management to minimize fetal hypoxic conditions during labor.
Treatment of premenstrual mood changes in a patient with schizophrenia using dienogest: A case report
Authors: Kamada Yasuhiko , Sakamoto Ai , Kotani Sayoko , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDienogest is a fourth‐generation progestin that is used for the treatment of endometriosis. We report a case of premenstrual mood changes in a patient with schizophrenia who was unresponsive to conventional treatment but successfully managed with dienogest. A 37‐year‐old Japanese woman with schizophrenia was referred to our hospital and diagnosed with premenstrual exacerbation of schizophrenia or coexisting premenstrual dysphoric disorder with schizophrenia. She had already taken maximal doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and combined oral contraceptives produced intolerable side effects. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment was effective but was not suitable for long‐term use. Dienogest was initiated to treat pelvic endometriosis and produced subsequent improvements in mental status. The patient was able to return to work and did not indicate any adverse effects. This case suggests that dienogest may be useful for managing premenstrual mood changes in patients with schizophrenia, that it can be safely administered over long periods of time.
Home opioid use following cesarean delivery: How many opioid tablets should obstetricians prescribe?
Authors: Schmidt Payton , Berger Mitchell B. , Day Lori , Swenson Carolyn W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo quantify home opioid use after cesarean delivery and identify factors associated with increased opioid use.MethodsA convenience sample of women discharged by postoperative day 2 following a term cesarean delivery of a singleton fetus from May 2015 to May 2016 were contacted 2 weeks post‐partum and questioned regarding opioid use, pain control and pain expectations.ResultsAmong 141 women included in the analysis, the median number of opioid tablets used was 36 (interquartile range 16–45) and the median number prescribed was 60 (interquartile range 42–65). Logistic regression identified operative time ≥59.5 min and number of opioid tablets prescribed as two factors independently associated with opioid use in the top quartile.ConclusionIn the first 2 weeks post‐partum, 75% of women used 45 or fewer opioid tablets. Operative time over 1 h and increased number of opioid tablets prescribed are factors associated with higher post‐partum opioid use.
Informal caregivers’ experiences of caring for people receiving dialysis: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Hoang Van Lan , Green Theresa , Bonner Ann 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundLiving with end stage kidney disease and having dialysis is burdensome, and there is a need for support from informal caregivers (i.e. family members and friends). Renal health professionals readily acknowledge and value the support provided by caregivers although the activities and experiences of caring for a loved‐one who is receiving dialysis is less well understood.ObjectivesTo review studies about the perspectives and experiences of family members and friends who provide support for adults receiving either haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.MethodsA mixed‐methods systematic review was conducted. Eight databases (Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Proquest, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and JBI library) were comprehensively searched using relevant key words for studies regardless of design published in English from January 2006 to July 2017.ResultsTwenty studies were included in this review. Informal caregivers undertake many everyday activities as well as a range of dialysis‐specific activities, report an elevated level of burden, feel overwhelmed, experience social isolation, and also need to consider their own health. A unique finding was that caregivers also experienced personal growth that may defuse the impact of caregiving burden and to help them develop a sense of resilience to sustain the support through the tough times and for many years.ConclusionThis review substantiates that caregiver burden is due to the unrelenting nature of complex dialysis‐specific activities although resilience often develops. Additional research is necessary to understand social support in this context and how health teams can assist caregivers further.
Indigenous Peoples' food systems, nutrition, and gender: Conceptual and methodological considerations
Authors: Lemke Stefanie , Delormier Treena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIndigenous Peoples, especially women and children, are affected disproportionately by malnutrition and diet‐related health problems. Addressing this requires an investigation of the structural conditions that underlie unequal access to resources and loss of traditional lifestyles and necessitates inclusive approaches that shed light onto these issues and provide strategies to leverage change. Indigenous Peoples' food systems are inextricably connected to land, which in turn is interwoven with issues of self‐determination, livelihoods, health, cultural and spiritual heritage, and gender. Ongoing loss of land and the dominant agri‐food model further threaten Indigenous Peoples' food systems. Continuing gender‐based discrimination undermines the self‐determination and rights of women and negatively impacts their health, nutritional status, and overall well‐being, as well as the well‐being of households and communities. We suggest that feminist political ecology and modern matriarchal studies provide holistic interlinking frameworks for investigating underlying issues of power and inequality. We further argue that a focus on the principles of respect, responsibility, and relationships, and an openness to different worldviews, can facilitate a bridging of Indigenous and Western approaches in research and community action conducted in partnership with Indigenous Peoples. This can contribute to creating new ways of knowing regarding Indigenous Peoples' food systems, equally valuing both knowledge systems. Indigenous Peoples' rights, right to food, and food sovereignty are frames that, despite some tensions, have the common goal of self‐determination. Through their ability to inform, empower, and mobilize, they provide tools for social movements and communities to challenge existing structural inequalities and leverage social change.
Nutritional status, food insecurity, and biodiversity among theKhasi inMeghalaya,North‐EastIndia
Authors: Chyne Daniella Anne L. , Meshram Indrapal Ishwarji , Rajendran Ananthan , Kodali Venkaiah , Getti Neeraja , Roy Phrang , Kuhnlein Harriet V. , Longvah Thingnganing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA community‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out with 603 children ages 5 and under and 500 of their mothers from 510 households to examine the prevalence of undernutrition and chronic diseases among the Khasis of North‐East India. Anthropometric measurements including Mid‐Upper Arm Circumference, height, and weight were taken. Dry blood spots to estimate haemoglobin and vitamin A were collected from children and women separately by finger prick. Mothers provided data about household socio‐demographic particulars and infant and young child feeding practices. The prevalence in children of underweight was 31%, stunting was 57%, and wasting was 10%. Undernutrition was higher among boys as compared to girls. Nutrient intakes were below recommended levels. The prevalence of anaemia among children ages 1 to 5 years old was 68%, and vitamin A deficiency was 59%, and they were 83% and 48%, respectively, among women. Hypertension was observed in 15% of women, whereas diabetes was less than 1%. Only about 20% of households were food secure, and this was associated with parental literacy, per capita income, and family size. Undernutrition was unacceptably high among the Khasis despite rich food biodiversity. Proper implementation of nutritional intervention programs such as Integrated Child Development Services, Mid Day Meal, and the Public Distribution System will improve the nutrient intake and nutritional status of the population. Additionally, preservation of forest lands and products paired with judicious use of the rich food biodiversity available will promote dietary diversity and ultimately better nutrition and health.
Food security and women's roles in Moroccan Berber (Amazigh) society today
Authors: Belahsen Rekia , Naciri Kaoutar , El Ibrahimi Abdennacer 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTraditionally, the Berber diet was part of a semiautarkic economy. The suitability of the diet to the regional ecosystem has guaranteed food security for the Berber tribes of Morocco and other countries of North Africa. As part of a patriarchal model, Berber dietary patterns are historically embedded in a social system where women's and men's roles are complementary at all stages of food production, processing, and conservation. Women have played a dominant role in the conservation of Berber dietary patterns through the preservation of biodiverse seeds and local varieties, the transmission of the Berber language through generations, and the sharing of knowledge on food, medicinal plants, and cultural practices related to diet and food security. Political, social, demographic, economic, and cultural factors have affected the Berber dietary model and the role of women in its preservation. The shift from a semiautarkic traditional model to a model within a market economy has led to food importation, the erosion of culinary components such as wild edible plants and dietary homogenization. Despite these changes and the associated nutrition transition, the Berber diet remains a cultural heritage because of its rich diversity. Berber women play a crucial role in the preservation and sustainability of Berber culinary heritage and food security.
Historical aspects of studies on roles of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases
Authors: Shibata K. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) is produced as inactive proIL‐1β and then processed by caspase‐1 to become active. In 2002, it was demonstrated that the intracellular multiprotein complex known as the inflammasome functions as a molecular platform to trigger activation of caspase‐1. Inflammasomes are known to function as intracellular sensors for a broad spectrum of various pathogen‐associated and damage‐associated molecular patterns. In 1985, it was demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis, a representative bacterium causing chronic periodontitis, induces IL‐1 production by murine peritoneal macrophages. Since then, many studies have suggested that IL‐1, particularly IL‐1β plays key roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. However, the term “inflammasome” was not used until the involvement of inflammasomes in periodontal disease was suggested in 2009. Several subsequent studies on the roles of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases have been published. Interestingly, two contradictory reports on the modulation of inflammasomes by P. gingivalis have been published. Some papers have described how P. gingivalis activates the inflammasome to produce IL‐1β whereas some stated that P. gingivalis inhibits inflammasome activation to subvert immune responses. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the inflammasome activation is modulated by periodontopathic bacteria other than P. gingivalis. Hence, studies on the roles of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases began only 8 years ago and many pathological roles of inflammasomes remain to be clarified.
Moisture‐driven xylogenesis in Pinus ponderosa from a Mojave Desert mountain reveals high phenological plasticity
Authors: Ziaco Emanuele , Truettner Charles , Biondi Franco , Bullock Sarah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFuture seasonal dynamics of wood formation in hyperarid environments are still unclear. Although temperature‐driven extension of the growing season and increased forest productivity are expected for boreal and temperate biomes under global warming, a similar trend remains questionable in water‐limited regions. We monitored cambial activity in a montane stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from the Mojave Desert for 2 consecutive years (2015–2016) showing opposite‐sign anomalies between warm‐ and cold‐season precipitation. After the wet winter/spring of 2016, xylogenesis started 2 months earlier compared to 2015, characterized by abundant monsoonal (July–August) rainfall and hyperarid spring. Tree size did not influence the onset and ending of wood formation, highlighting a predominant climatic control over xylem phenological processes. Moisture conditions in the previous month, in particular soil water content and dew point, were the main drivers of cambial phenology. Latewood formation started roughly at the same time in both years; however, monsoonal precipitation triggered the formation of more false rings and density fluctuations in 2015. Because of uncertainties in future precipitation patterns simulated by global change models for the Southwestern United States, the dependency of P. ponderosa on seasonal moisture implies a greater conservation challenge than for species that respond mostly to temperature conditions.
Na+,K+/H+ antiporters regulate the pH of endoplasmic reticulum and auxin‐mediated development
Authors: Fan Ligang , Zhao Lei , Hu Wei , Li Weina , Novák Ondřej , Strnad Miroslav , Simon Sibu , Friml Jiří , Shen Jinbo , Jiang Liwen , Qiu Quan‐Sheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtNHX5 and AtNHX6 are endosomal Na+,K+/H+ antiporters that are critical for growth and development in Arabidopsis, but the mechanism behind their action remains unknown. Here, we report that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, functioning as H+ leak, control auxin homeostasis and auxin‐mediated development. We found that nhx5 nhx6 exhibited growth variations of auxin‐related defects. We further showed that nhx5 nhx6 was affected in auxin homeostasis. Genetic analysis showed that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 were required for the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized auxin transporter PIN5. Although AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 were colocalized with PIN5 at ER, they did not interact directly. Instead, the conserved acidic residues in AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, which are essential for exchange activity, were required for PIN5 function. AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 regulated the pH in ER. Overall, AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 may regulate auxin transport across the ER via the pH gradient created by their transport activity. H+‐leak pathway provides a fine‐tuning mechanism that controls cellular auxin fluxes.
Kawasaki disease: Epidemiological differences between past and recent periods, and implications of distribution dynamism
Authors: Tomita Yasuhiko , Shimaya Maki , Yamaura Yasuko , Tsujiguchi Rie , Takahashi Kaoru , Fukaya Takashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological findings suggest that Kawasaki disease (KD) is mediated by infection, which triggers its onset. Although the mechanism of onset seems to involve preconditioning factors and triggering factors, the details remain unclarified.MethodsData for 330 662 patients reported in KD nationwide surveys in Japan implemented between 1961 and 2014 were chronologically compared in terms of patient age distribution, estimated mean onset age, and male‐to‐female ratio during four periods: pre‐epidemic (P1), epidemic (P2), stable (P3), and recent (P4): 1961–1978, 1979–1986, 1987–1997, and 1998–2014, respectively.ResultsDuring P2, the number of patients aged 6 months–2 years increased, and the mean onset age was younger; during P4, however, the number of patients aged ≤1 year decreased, but the number of patients ≥2 years increased, with a flat onset age distribution chart, and the mean onset age was older. During P2, increases in the number of patients were accompanied by younger mean onset age, whereas during P4, increases in the number of patients were conversely accompanied by older mean onset ages. The male: female ratio tended to decrease during P2, but this tendency was not seen in P4. No outbreak occurred during a recent 28 year period (P3, P4). Specific preconditioning factors might have been present during the 8 years (P2) of the past three outbreaks.ConclusionP2 and P4 were significantly different in epidemiological features. It is likely that they do not share the same mechanism of onset (preconditioning and/or trigger factors).
Comparison of efficiency of in vitro cloned sheep embryo production by conventional somatic cell nuclear transfer and handmade cloning technique
Authors: Khan S , Tali M , Khan A , Bhat S , Ashraf A , Bhat MH , Khan F , Shah RA 
Published: January 2018

ContentsConventional somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique of in vitro production of cloned embryos involves use of costly and complicated micromanipulators. Handmade cloning (HMC) technique has been applied as efficient and cost‐effective alternative in many livestock species. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of in vitro production and in vitro development of cloned sheep embryos by the two techniques. Cloned embryos were produced by conventional SCNT using micromanipulator apparatus and by HMC technique. Enucleation efficiency and efficiency of fusion with somatic cell (nucleus donor) were compared. Cleavage percentage was observed on day 2 of in vitro culture (IVC), and morula and blastocyst percentages were calculated on day 7 of IVC. Higher enucleation efficiency (96.98 ± 1.01 vs. 93.62 ± 1.03; p > .05) as well as fusion efficiency was obtained with HMC technique than with conventional SCNT (96.26 ± 1.34 vs. 92.63 ± 0.70, p < .05); 181 cloned sheep embryos were produced in vitro by conventional SCNT and 92 by HMC. Cleavage percentage observed on day 2 of in vitro culture was higher in HMC than SCNT (66.92 ± 3.72 vs. 55.97 ± 2.5, respectively, p < .05). Morula percentage obtained was higher in SCNT than HMC (44.12 ± 2.93 vs. 30.43 ± 6.79, respectively, p < .05), whereas blastocyst percentage obtained by HMC was higher (12.46 ± 4.96) than SCNT (5.31 ± 2.25; p > .05). It was inferred that HMC technique provides a cost‐effective and efficient method of in vitro production of cloned sheep embryos with a comparatively simpler technique with a possibility of automation. Efficiency of cloned embryo production could be improved further by propagating and standardizing this technique.
Quantifying soil displacement and tillage erosion rate by different tillage systems in dryland northwestern Iran
Authors: Kouselou M. , Hashemi S. , Eskandari I. , McKenzie B. M. , Karimi E. , Rezaei A. , Rahmati M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRedistribution of soil particles by the force applied by tillage is a major factor in soil degradation of agricultural land. Decreasing tillage intensity can reduce the amount of soil displaced and the distance moved and hence may reduce rates of erosion. To understand the relative importance of erosion, we tabulated machine, soil and landform properties likely to be involved. We compared soil displacement and tillage erosion rates under different systems, including mouldboard ploughing (conventional tillage), chisel ploughing (reduced tillage), stubble cultivator (minimum tillage) and no‐tillage under dryland agriculture in northwestern Iran. The area was undulating and so all tillage took place along contours. Metallic tracers were buried in the soil at known locations and depths and their recovery after tillage provided a measure of soil displacement and tillage erosion. Conventional tillage along a contour line caused significantly greater soil displacement (≃57 cm) in the direction of tillage than reduced and minimum tillage systems (~20 and ~15 cm, respectively). Conventional tillage also caused more lateral soil displacement (downwards in the main direction of slope, the tillage erosion rate) than reduced or minimum tillage systems (48 cm or 152 kg/m vs. 5 and 4 cm or 16 and 7 kg/m, respectively). Although a range of factors contribute to the tillage systems used by farmers, our results suggest that under dryland conditions, similar to those found in our study area, adoption of noninversion, reduced tillage along the contour, for example by chisel ploughing can substantially limit tillage erosion relative to conventional tillage.
The late Messinian event: A worldwide tectonic revolution
Authors: Leroux Estelle , Aslanian Daniel , Rabineau Marina , Pellen Romain , Moulin Maryline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA review of geological and geophysical observations points towards a worldwide kinematic change at around 6 Ma. The synchronicity of many manifestations (tectonics, magmatism, kinematics, ecological events, among others) at ~6 Ma, similar to those recognized from time to time on the geological time‐scale, argues for a global geodynamic event that has led to many regional consequences on Earth's surface. In particular, we propose that this global event was the main trigger for the three fold increase in sediment deposits in the world ocean over the last ~5 Ma, but also for the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Mediterranean area, one of the most severe ecological crises in the Earth's history. We suggest this Messinian revolution to be the last occurrence of cyclic successions of global events.