bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change decreases nitrogen pools and mineralization rates in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Durán Jorge , Morse Jennifer L. , Groffman Peter M. , Campbell John L. , Christenson Lynn M. , Driscoll Charles T. , Fahey Timothy J. , Fisk Melany C. , Likens Gene E. , Melillo Jerry M. , Mitchell Myron J. , Templer Pamela H. , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) supply often limits the productivity of temperate forests and is regulated by a complex mix of biological and climatic drivers. In excess, N is linked to a variety of soil, water, and air pollution issues. Here, we use results from an elevation gradient study and historical data from the long‐term Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (New Hampshire,USA) to examine relationships between changes in climate, especially during winter, and N supply to northern hardwood forest ecosystems. Low elevation plots with less snow, more soil freezing, and more freeze/thaw cycles supported lower rates of N mineralization than high elevation plots, despite having higher soil temperatures and no consistent differences in soil moisture during the growing season. These results are consistent with historical analyses showing decreases in rates of soil N mineralization and inorganic N concentrations since 1973 that are correlated with long‐term increases in mean annual temperature, decreases in annual snow accumulation, and a increases in the number of winter thawing degree days. This evidence suggests that changing climate may be driving decreases in the availability of a key nutrient in northern hardwood forests, which could decrease ecosystem production but have positive effects on environmental consequences of excess N.
Optimization of adsorption conditions for the removal of petroleum compounds from marine environment using modified activated carbon fiber by response surface methodology
Authors: Xue Jianliang , Cui Qinqin , Bai Yu , Wu Yanan , Gao Yu , Li Lin , Qiao Nenghu 
Published: April 2016

In this article, modified activated carbon fiber (ACF) adsorbing emulsified oil is proposed as an effective method to treat oil spill. At first, the ACF was modified by HNO3, and the adsorption was studied in batch mode. Then, single factor experiment and the response surface methodology were applied to optimize the adsorption condition. The optimum condition was found as: 0.43 g adsorbent dosage, 125 s adsorption time, and 4% salinity. The result indicates that: The carboxyl group of the modified ACF surface obviously increased; specific surface area, iodine adsorption, and methylene cyanine adsorption decreased. Under the optimal condition, the removal rate of diesel could be 87.75%. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1400–1406, 2016
Method for dealing with severe aspiration using a new concept of intralaryngeal prosthesis: A case report
Authors: Raguin Thibaut , Carvalho Jean , Riehm Sophie , Takeda Catherine , Dupret–Bories Agnès 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundDeglutition disorders are frequent in patients treated for cancer of the oropharynx, and are responsible for severe aspiration and, in some cases, may require the use of enteral nutrition by gastrostomy or tracheotomy.MethodsWe present the case of a patient with a medical history of infiltrating laryngeal carcinoma treated by partial laryngectomy and radiochemotherapy, presenting severe aspiration causing significant weight loss. The patient received a new intralaryngeal prosthesis to prevent aspiration with the objective of regaining safe oral nutrition and closure of the tracheotomy.ResultsDeglutition tests after postimplantation demonstrated significantly improved airway protection and recovery deglutition, allowing the patient to return home with resumption of varied solid and a liquid diet.ConclusionFor a patient presenting severe aspiration, the intralaryngeal prosthesis allowed a resumption of oral feeding without exclusion of the larynx or airway protection by tracheotomy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–E2507, 2016
Comparative analysis of micro‐RNAs in human papillomavirus–positive versus –negative oropharyngeal cancers
Authors: Mirghani Haitham , Ugolin Nicolas , Ory Catherine , Goislard Maud , Lefèvre Marine , Baulande Sylvain , Hofman Paul , Guily Jean Lacau St , Chevillard Sylvie , Lacave Roger 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundOncogenic mechanisms of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancer are still poorly characterized. Analysis of their microRNA expression profile might provide valuable information.MethodsThe microRNA expression profiles were analyzed by micro‐arrays in 26 oropharyngeal cancers. A microRNA signature specific to HPV‐status was identified by analyzing a learning/training set consisting of 16 oropharyngeal cancers. The robustness of this signature was further confirmed by blind case‐by‐case classification of a validation set composed of 10 independent tumors. Putative targeted molecular pathways were proposed using DIANA miRPath online software (http://microrna.gr/mirpath).ResultsWe have identified 25 miRNA signatures, which discriminates HPV16‐positive oropharyngeal cancer from their HPV‐negative counterparts. These 25 microRNAs play a potential role in Wnt and PI3K‐pathways, cell‐adhesion/cell‐polarity, and the cytoskeleton regulation.ConclusionOur study contributes to a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer and in the identification of potential therapeutic molecular targets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Statistical Approach to River–Aquifer Interaction in the Lower Nakdong River Basin, Republic of Korea
Authors: Oh Yun‐Yeong , Hamm Se‐Yeong , Kim Gyoo‐Bum , Lee Chung‐Mo , Chung Sang Yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe construction of river barrages has led to an increase in groundwater (GW) levels (WL_G) near the upstream regions of these barrages, particularly in the wet season. Statistical approaches were applied in this study to examine the relationships between WL_G and river water (RW) level (WL_R), and electrical conductivity of groundwater (EC_G) and electrical conductivity of river water (EC_R) in the Changnyeong–Haman river barrage area located downstream of the Nakdong River for the period June 2011–January 2014. Our finding suggested that the WL_G increased and the concentrations of most chemical constituents in the GW decreased in the study area owing to the construction of the barrage. However, long‐term operation of the barrage is expected to trigger a decrease in the RW–GW interaction resulting from the clogging of the bed and the wall of the river, which would in turn increase GW contamination. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let's Not Forget theCareerin College and Career Ready
Authors: Gillis Victoria R. , Jones‐Moore Lisa , Haynes Chris J. , Van Wig Ann 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe recent focus on preparing K–12 students to be college and career ready has increased the attention to college‐level literacies but has almost ignored career and technical courses as part of the landscape of adolescent literacy. This article explores literacies embedded in career and technical education courses, provides examples from agricultural and business education, and offers ideas for professional development that target literacy in career and technical education.
The utility of captive animals in actualistic research: A geometric morphometric exploration of the tooth row of Alligator mississippiensis suggesting ecophenotypic influences and functional constraints
Authors: Drumheller Stephanie K. , Wilberg Eric W. , Sadleir Rudyard W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCaptive broad snouted crocodylians are generally thought to have wider, shorter rostra than their wild counterparts. Interpreted to reflect morphological change in response to the conditions of captivity, this qualitative pattern could affect the utility of these animals in a variety of fields of research. However, due to relative ease of access and availability of life history data, captive animals are often utilized in actualistic research. Thus, this issue should be addressed in more detail. Here we explore snout shape variation between captive and wild members of Alligator mississippiensis using two‐dimensional (2D) morphometric techniques. Several landmark schemesare used to assess the utility of different aspects of morphology in distinguishing the groups. While statistical analyses consistently differentiated between the groups, the area of morphospace occupied by wild members of A. mississippiensis generally overlapped with the larger area encompassing the captive specimens. This indicates that the captive condition is not as uniform as previously thought and instead encompasses a large spectrum of morphologies, ranging from the stereotypical broad, shortened snouts to outlines that are indistinguishable from the wild morphotype. These results align well with the interpretation that this change reflects an extreme example of ecophenotypy, since ranched, farmed, or zoo organisms are held in an array of enclosures, ranging from indoor, climate controlled pens to outdoor, more natural areas. This variation in environments should be reflected in different reactions to the animals' surroundings, resulting in a broad spectrum of morphotypes. While wild specimens are still preferred, especially for fine scale analyses, these results indicate that not all captive members of A. mississippiensis exhibit the extreme morphological alterations often cited in the literature. Weighing the conditions in which the animals are held and exploring the possibility of morphological differences against the benefits of using captive specimens should be part of any actualistic study. J. Morphol. 277:866–878, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trajectory patterns of the annual cycle of the heat centre of the Indo‐Pacific warm pool
Authors: Shan Haixia , Guan Yuping , Huang Jianping , Dong Changming 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe modulated annual cycle (MAC) of the Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) heat centre location is investigated using the empirical mode decomposition–ensemble empirical mode decomposition method. The MAC and its interannual variability mainly affect the zonal and vertical locations of the heat centre; in fall and winter of El Niño years, the heat centre moves eastward from its normal location, with very little change in its meridional position. Four patterns of the heat centre trajectory in the IPWP are identified using the self‐organizing map algorithm. Patterns 1 and 3 are both similar to a saddle, but pattern 1 is more winding. The shapes of patterns 2 and 4 are similar, but tilt in different directions: pattern 2 tilts southwest whereas pattern 4 tilts west. Of all the four patterns, the persistence of pattern 2 is generally relatively high. The trajectory of the heat centre develops in the sequence of patterns: 1‐2‐4‐3‐1. Pattern 1 (pattern 4) is related to the cold (warm) phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while pattern 2 (pattern 3) corresponds to the negative (positive) phase of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The sequence of patterns in the trajectory of the heat centre in the IPWP is related to the IOD–ENSO interactions on a biennial timescale.
Intra‐urban nocturnal cooling rates: development and evaluation of the NOCRA model
Authors: Onomura Shiho , Holmer Björn , Lindberg Fredrik , Thorsson Sofia 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA nocturnal cooling rate model (NOCRAM) to simulate nocturnal air temperature at urban sites is presented. The model is designed for urban planners, practitioners and researchers who demand meteorological information for urban planning and research applications. The model is based on the concept of nocturnal cooling, progressing in two distinct phases, i.e. site‐dependent cooling around sunset and site‐independent cooling from about 1 or 2 h after sunset until sunrise. Cooling rates are usually determined predominantly by prevailing weather conditions (i.e. clearness of the sky and wind speed), followed by maximum daily air temperature and by sky view factors. Second phase cooling is chiefly determined by sky clearness and wind speed. The findings and statistical results from the analysis of observational data during warm months (May–September) from Gothenburg, Sweden, as well as from past studies, were used. The model requires standard meteorological variables (i.e. wind speed, incoming short‐wave radiation, air temperature, relative air humidity, air pressure) at a reference station as well as geometrical information (i.e. the sky view factor of the site and the geographical co‐ordinates of the reference meteorological station). The model simulates the characteristic development of cooling rates in the two phases at open sites and built‐up sites with different sky view factors under a wide range of weather conditions in warm months. Using the modelled cooling rates, nocturnal air temperature is estimated easily with the accuracy of root mean square error (RMSE) ≤1.54 °C and R2 ≥0.78.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Volker Gerard , van Vree Félicie , Wolterbeek Ron , van Gestel Marc , Smeets Rob , Köke Albère , Vlieland Theodora Vliet 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesEvidence for the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) has been reported but its outcomes in the longer term and in mixed groups of chronic pain patients are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe the two‐year outcomes of a 15‐week multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation programme in patients with mixed CMP in terms of pain, activities, participation and healthcare usage.MethodsData were recorded routinely at admission, discharge, and at three, 12 and 24 months' follow‐up for all consecutive patients with CMP referred to a rehabilitation programme over a 21‐month period. The 15‐week multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme consisted of cognitive behavioural therapy and exercise, as well as individual and group sessions with additional treatment modalities. Assessments included the Pain Disability Index (PDI), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) and numerical scales for pain and fatigue. Moreover, the RAND‐36‐Item Health Survey (‘RAND‐36’) and questions on healthcare usage and work status were administered at admission, and at 12 and/or 24 months. Paired t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, McNemar tests and mixed‐model analyses were used to analyse changes over time.ResultsA total of 165 patients were included initially [mean age 44.1 (standard deviation 12.9) years], 143 of whom (87%) were women, with data from 125 (76%) and 120 (73%) patients being available at 12 and 24 months' follow‐up, respectively. All outcomes showed statistically significant improvements between admission and discharge, and at three, 12 and 24 months' follow‐up (p < 0.05). At 24 months, the median number of different healthcare providers visited in the previous year had decreased significantly compared with that at admission [from a median of 4 (range 1–13) to a median of 2 (range 0–9)], and within the group of patients working at admission (50%), the proportion of those working 25 hours or more per week had increased significantly from 16% to 48%.ConclusionsImprovements in pain and functioning seen directly after a 15‐week multidisciplinary treatment programme for patients with CMP were maintained, health care usage decreased and the number of working hours among working patients increased at 24 months' follow‐up. Future studies are needed to examine if additional interventions after discharge can enhance further the favourable results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactose‐containing hydrogels for enzyme stabilization
Authors: Huang Yongshun , Chai Qinyuan , Warmin Mary R. , Ayres Neil 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA lactose‐containing monomer, N‐(2‐lactosylethyl)acrylamide, was synthesized and polymerized with N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide and 1 wt % of N, N'‐methylenebis(acrylamide) and potassium persulfate as the initiator to produce hydrogels. The weight percent of N‐(2‐lactosylethyl)acrylamide were increased from 0 to 100% in increments of 10%. Hydrogels were successfully produced with up to 90 wt % of N‐(2‐lactosylethyl)acrylamide. Gelation was confirmed by inverted vial tests and rheology measurements. The as‐prepared hydrogels were used for papain stabilization against heat burden and papain that was loaded into hydrogels showed 45% more activity after heating as compared to papain that was heated without hydrogel stabilization. This hydrogel stabilization technique has potential applications in preserving enzyme activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2507–2514
Privacy‐preserving targeted mobile advertising: requirements, design and a prototype implementation
Authors: Liu Yang , Simpson Andrew 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWith the continued proliferation of mobile devices, the collection of information associated with such devices and their users—such as location, installed applications and cookies associated with built‐in browsers—has become increasingly straightforward. By analysing such information, organisations are often able to deliver more relevant and better focused advertisements. Of course, such targeted mobile advertising gives rise to a number of concerns, with privacy‐related concerns being prominent. In this paper, we discuss the necessary balance that needs to be struck between privacy and utility in this emerging area and propose privacy‐preserving targeted mobile advertising as a solution that tries to achieve that balance. Our aim is to develop a solution that can be deployed by users but is also palatable to businesses that operate in this space. This paper focuses on the requirements and design of privacy‐preserving targeted mobile advertising and also describes an initial prototype. We also discuss how more detailed technical aspects and a complete evaluation will underpin our future work in this area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Study Reveals that Protein Kinase A Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Phosphorylation of Catenin Beta-1 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Li Zheyi , Shen Hongyan , Zhang Zhong , Yin Yuxin , Wang Qingsong , Zhao Xuyang , Ji Jianguo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is central to the understanding of multiple cellular signaling pathways responsible for regulating the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we performed a large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of rat fetal NSCs using strong cation exchange chromatography prefractionation and citric acid-assisted two-step enrichment with TiO2 strategy followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. Totally we identified 32,546 phosphosites on 5,091 phosphoproteins, among which 23,945 were class I phosphosites, and quantified 16,000 sites during NSC differentiation. More than 65% of class I phosphosites were novel when compared with PhosphoSitePlus database. Quantification results showed that the early and late stage of NSC differentiation differ greatly. We mapped 69 changed phosphosites on 20 proteins involved in Wnt signaling pathway, including S552 on catenin beta-1 (Ctnnb1) and S9 on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β). Western blotting and real-time PCR results proved that Wnt signaling pathway plays critical roles in NSC fate determination. Furthermore, inhibition and activation of PKA dramatically affected the phosphorylation state of Ctnnb1 and Gsk3β, which regulates the differentiation of NSCs. Our data provides a valuable resource for studying the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs.
Being targeted: Young women's experience of being identified for a teenage pregnancy prevention programme
Authors: Sorhaindo Annik , Bonell Chris , Fletcher Adam , Jessiman Patricia , Keogh Peter , Mitchell Kirstin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTResearch on the unintended consequences of targeting ‘high‐risk’ young people for health interventions is limited. Using qualitative data from an evaluation of the Teens & Toddlers Pregnancy Prevention programme, we explored how young women experienced being identified as at risk for teenage pregnancy to understand the processes via which unintended consequences may occur. Schools' lack of transparency regarding the targeting strategy and criteria led to feelings of confusion and mistrust among some young women. Black and minority ethnic young women perceived that the assessment of their risk was based on stereotyping. Others felt their outgoing character was misinterpreted as signifying risk. To manage these imposed labels, stigma and reputational risks, young women responded to being targeted by adopting strategies, such as distancing, silence and refusal. To limit harmful consequences, programmes could involve prospective participants in determining their need for intervention or introduce programmes for young people at all levels of risk.
How does religious attendance shape trajectories of pornography use across adolescence?☆
Authors: Rasmussen Kyler , Alex Bierman  
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTResearch increasingly calls attention to the possibility of detrimental consequences of pornography use among adolescents. However, few studies examine adolescent pornography consumption longitudinally or consistently examine the role of religion in shaping pornography consumption, despite an established theoretical basis for the moderating effects of religious attendance on pornography consumption. Using a national longitudinal survey that follows respondents from adolescence into young adulthood, we show that pornography use increases sharply with age, especially among boys. Pornography consumption is weaker at higher levels of religious attendance, particularly among boys, and religious attendance also weakens age‐based increases in pornography consumption for both boys and girls. Overall, pornography use increases across adolescence into young adulthood, but immersion in a religious community can help weaken these increases. Future research should follow respondents across adulthood, as well as examine additional aspects of religiosity (e.g., types of religious belief or the regular practice of prayer).