bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Association between Microalbuminuria and Microvascular Complications in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Karnataka
Authors: Bhavya N , Kumar V Ajith 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndia is claimed to be the diabetes capital of the world. Many studies had proven that persistent hyperglycemia and associated metabolic syndrome features like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity contribute to the development of vascular complications. The risk of chronic complications increases as a function of the duration of hyperglycemia; they usually become apparent in the second decade of hyperglycemia. Since type II diabetes mellitus (DM) often has a long asymptomatic period of hyperglycemia, many individuals with type II DM have complications at the time of diagnosis. The vascular complications of DM are subdivided into microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebro-vascular disease) complications. The present study aims to study the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with type II DM and note its association with the duration of diabetes since diagnosis and microvascular complications of DM.Study designProspective observational study.Materials and methodsThe study is a clinical, prospective, and observational study of 100 type II diabetics attending the medicine department outpatient/inpatient of RajaRajeswari Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, who form the subjects for the study conducted from August 2015 to July 2016 (12 months) and who matched the inclusion criteria.Data were collected after obtaining informed/written consent from patient. After detailed history, detailed clinical examination, and general physical and systemic examinations, fundoscopy was carried out and relevant laboratory investigations were done.Results and conclusionThe overall occurrence of microalbuminuria was 38%. The occurrence of microalbuminuria showed a direct relationship with increasing age (p = 0.053) and increasing duration of diabetes since diagnosis. A hemoglobin (Hb)A1c value above 7% is associated with 50% or higher incidence of microalbuminuria (p = 0.018). Patients with a body mass index of more than 25kg/m2 have increased risk of developing type II DM and significant increase in microalbuminuria. The incidence of microalbuminuria is significantly associated withHow to cite this articleBhavya N, Kumar VA. A Study of Association between Microalbuminuria and Microvascular Complications in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Karnataka. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):6-10.
Reliability of Ultrasound in the Identification and Measurement of Blood Supply to the Anterior Part of the Mandible
Authors: Shukla Anil K , Kiran MS , Manjunath M , Vidya S 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identifyin vivothe main blood supply to the bony chin and to determine the efficacy of ultrasound Doppler in determining this aspect and then compare it with radiograph.Materials and methodsThe study was carried on 50 subjects divided into two equal groups. In the first group, the lingual foramen was identitifed on intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph of the mandibular incisor region. Ultrasound Doppler identification of blood supply to the anterior part of the mandible was carried out. In the second group of 25 subjects, the procedure was reversed. This was done to avoid procedural bias.DiscussionIn our patients, the midline artery entering the lingual foramen was seen by ultrasound and radiograph. Their average diameters and velocities were measured. It was identified in 46 cases by the ultrasound Doppler examination. The IOPA radiographic examination was successful in identifying the foramen in 30 cases. The average diameter of the midline artery entering the lingual foramen was found to be 0.14 cm. The average velocity of blood flow in this artery was found to be 25.5 cm/second.ConclusionThe ultrasound Doppler is a reliable tool to visualize and measure the blood supply to the anterior part of the mandible.How to cite this articleKiran MS, Manjunath M, Shukla AK, Vidya S. Reliability of Ultrasound in the Identification and Measurement of Blood Supply to the Anterior Part of the Mandible. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):20-24.
Imaging of a Rare Case of Diaphragmatic Tumor
Authors: Reddy Ajit , Shukla Anil K , Anand Sowmya , Suresh Nitish 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPrimary tumors of the diaphragm are quite rare. About 150 cases have been reported in the literature. Fibrosarcomas are the most common malignant neoplasms of the diaphragm; however, only a few (less than 20) cases have been reported to date. We present a case of an extremely rare tumor of the diaphragm. A 65-year-old woman presented with history of vague upper abdominal pain since 2 months and distension for 2 weeks. Ultrasonography features were in favor of a mass arising from left dome of diaphragm with evidence of vascularity on Doppler; lesion was displacing spleen inferiorly. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a mass located in the region of the left dome of diaphragm and deriving blood supply from the branches of abdominal aorta. Surgical excision was planned, keeping in mind the diagnosis of a left diaphragmatic tumor. Laparotomy revealed a left diaphragmatic tumor growing caudally into the upper abdomen.How to cite this articleAnand S, Suresh N, Reddy AK, Shukla AK. Imaging of a Rare Case of Diaphragmatic Tumor. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):25-27.
Pericardial Synovial Sarcoma presenting with Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Shetty Ravishankar , Hiremath Shanmukh 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPericardial synovial sarcomas are very rare and usually associated with poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated early. It usually presents with symptoms of a massive pericardial effusion and signs of cardiac tamponade and failure. Here, we report the case of a 27-year-old patient with exertional dyspnea and massive pericardial effusion. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pericardial mass. The patient was treated by surgical excision and a subsequent histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pericardial synovial sarcoma.How to cite this articleShetty R, Hiremath S. Pericardial Synovial Sarcoma presenting with Cardiac Tamponade. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):28-30.
Pregnancy Outcome in Uterine Anomalies
Authors: Prasad Nagendra , Thingujam James 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMaternal with congenitial anomalies are known to have higher incidence of infertility, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal malposition, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membrane and increased cesaerean section rate.Study DesignThis is retrospective study, the pregnancies with uterine anomaly confirmed by ultrasound between Jan 2016 to jan 2017 at our hospital was taken and its outcome is observed.ReultsThe majority of preterm delivery in our study are mainly associated with septate and bicornuate uterus. Cesaerean section comprised of 80% and its major indication is due to fetal malpresentation (breech). Thus Pregnancy outcomes of individual depending on the type of uterine anomalies.How to cite this articleNagarathnamma R, James T, Prasad N. Pregnancy Outcome in Uterine Anomalies. J Med Sci 2017;3(1):31-33.
Multilaboratory Validation of First Action Method 2016.04 for Determination of Four Arsenic Species in Fruit Juice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kubachka Kevin , Heitkemper Douglas T , Conklin Sean ,   Collaborators:, Conklin S , Ehresmann T , Hanley T , Lyons H , Min K , Ouellette D , Seely K , Smith C , Swarbrick M , Wels B , Kassa Z 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Before being designated AOAC First Action Official MethodSM 2016.04, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's method, EAM 4.10 High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometric Determination of Four Arsenic Species in Fruit Juice, underwent both a single-laboratory validation and a multilaboratory validation (MLV) study. Three federal and five state regulatory laboratories participated in the MLV study, which is the primary focus of this manuscript. The method was validated for inorganic arsenic (iAs) measured as the sum of the two iAs species arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) by analyses of 13 juice samples, including three apple juice, three apple juice concentrate, four grape juice, and three pear juice samples. In addition, two water Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were analyzed. The method LODs and LOQs obtained among the eight laboratories were approximately 0.3 and 2 ng/g, respectively, for each of the analytes and were adequate for the intended purpose of the method. Each laboratory analyzed method blanks, fortified method blanks, reference materials, triplicate portions of each juice sample, and duplicate fortified juice samples (one for each matrix type) at three fortification levels. In general, repeatability and reproducibility of the method was ≤15% RSD for each species present at a concentration &gt;LOQ. The average recovery of fortified analytes for all laboratories ranged from 98 to 104% iAs, DMA, and MMA for all four juice sample matrixes. The average iAs results for SRMs 1640a and 1643e agreed within the range of 96–98% of certified values for total arsenic.
Establishment of a BALB/c Mouse Model for Assessing the Degree of Inebriation Induced by Luzhou-Flavor Liquors
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This investigation was carried out to determine the differences in the degree of inebriation induced by Luzhou-flavor liquors having the same ethanol content. A BALB/c mouse model was used to test the effects of two liquors on the loss of the righting reflex (LORR) and the duration (DUR) of the LORR, as indices of the degree of inebriation. The blood ethanol concentration, blood acetaldehyde concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus, and concentrations of dopamine and serotonin in the striatum were also determined. The degrees of inebriationinduced by the two liquors were 0.694 and 0.404, as quantified by LORR and LORR DUR. The liquor that induced the lower degree of inebriation also induced lower blood ethanol and blood acetaldehyde concentrations. Moreover, it had no significant effects on acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus or on the concentrations of dopamine or serotonin in the striatum. Chinese liquors with the same ethanol content can be distinguished by the degree of inebriation they induce. A relationship was found between the internal composition of the liquor and the degree of inebriation it induced. Our data support choosing liquors with low degrees of inebriation to reduce theirharmful effects.
The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach
Authors: Alase Abayomi 
Published: May 2017

As a research methodology, qualitative research method infuses an added advantage to the exploratory capability that researchers need to explore and investigate their research studies. Qualitative methodology allows researchers to advance and apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes. However, in a study with an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, the advantageous elements of the study quadruple because of the bonding relationship that the approach allows for the researchers to develop with their research participants. Furthermore, as a qualitative research approach, IPA gives researchers the best opportunity to understand the innermost deliberation of the ‘lived experiences’ of research participants. As an approach that is ‘participant-oriented’, interpretative phenomenological analysis approach allows the interviewees (research participants) to express themselves and their ‘lived experience’ stories the way they see fit without any distortion and/or prosecution. Therefore, utilizing the IPA approach in a qualitative research study reiterates the fact that its main objective and essence are to explore the ‘lived experiences’ of the research participants and allow them to narrate the research findings through their ‘lived experiences’. As such, this paper discusses the historical background of phenomenology as both a theory and a qualitative research approach, an approach that has transitioned into an interpretative analytical tradition. Furthermore, as a resource tool to novice qualitative researchers, this paper provides a step-by-step comprehensive guide to help prepare and equip researchers with ways to utilize and apply the IPA approach in their qualitative research studies. More importantly, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study. As such, this paper completely contrasted itself from many books and articles that are written with the premise of providing useful and in-depth information on the subject-matter (phenomenology, as a qualitative approach).
Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Metabolic Rate in Humans
Authors: Greenwood Austin , Gillette Cordial 
Published: May 2017

Background: Cold water immersion is a widely used form of cryotherapy in the active population despite the limited knowledge on its physiological effects. From an injury standpoint, reducing metabolic rate is advantageous to prevent secondary injury. In contrast, increased metabolism can be beneficial in ridding the body of unwanted metabolites. This study looked to determine the effect of cold water immersion on metabolic rate. Understanding this phenomenon will help determine appropriate clinical applications of cold water immersion and lead to a better understanding of cryotherapy in general. This study looked to determine the effect of cryotherapy in the form of waist deep cold water immersion at 9° C on metabolic rate. Methods: 10 participants from a university student population volunteered and completed a 15-minute treatment of waist deep cold water (9° C) immersion. Metabolic rate measurements were taken using a Jaeger Oxycon Mobile Unit for 5 minutes prior to treatment, 15 minutes of treatment, and 5 minutes post treatment for a total of 25 minutes. Statistical analysis was completed using a one way repeated measures ANOVA test to compare treatment intervals to baseline intervals. Results: Cold water immersion resulted in elevated metabolic rates for 8 of 10 participants during the first 5 minutes of treatment and for 6 of 10 in the 5 minute post treatment (p < 0.05). A second statistical analysis excluding the first 30 second data point in the 5-10 and 20-25 minute treatments was used to account for movement in and out of the whirlpool. The second analysis showed the same results as the first with the exception of one participant who no longer displayed a statistically significant change in the 20-25 minute interval. Conclusion: These results indicate that cold water immersion should not be used as a measure of reducing secondary injury because of its potential to increase metabolic rate, but instead may have potential benefits in exercise recovery.
Effects of Shoes and a Prefabricated Medial Arch Support on Medial Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Activity while doing Leg Press Exercise in Normal Feet Athletes
Authors: Sheikhi Maryam , Piroozi Soraya , Mirzaie Khoshalani Mohsen , Motiallah Tahere , Zolanvar Seyed Hasan 
Published: May 2017

Background: Nowadays, different types of exercise machines are being used in the field of athletic training, recreation, post-injury and post-operation rehabilitation. Leg press is a commonly-used one that retrains muscles and simulates natural functional activities. In this activity, feet are in contact with a footrest to exert muscular forces. In addition, the footrest inserts reactive forces to feet and from the feet load would transfer to structures that are more proximal. Any misalignment in foot structure may interfere its function. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of shoes and using a prefabricated medial arch support on the activity of Tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles while doing leg press exercise in normal feet subjects. Method: 14 men with normal Medial Longitudinal Arch and normal Body Mass Index aged between 18-35 years old, with at least 6 months experience of doing leg press volunteered to participate in this study. Medial gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior activity were measured by surface electromyography while doing leg press with 70% of subjects 1 Repetition Maximum. To increase accuracy, motion was divided into knee flexion and knee extension phases. Peak Amplitude, Time to Peak Amplitude and Root Mean Square variables were used for analysis. Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used to compare the results. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the electromyographic parameters of Medial gastrocnemius nor Tibialis anterior in any phases of motion, except for an increase in Tibialis anterior time to peak amplitude in shod condition compared with barefoot in knee extension phase of motion (p-value=0.008) and Tibialis anterior RMS in knee flexion phase in orthotic condition compared to shod (p-value=0.03). Conclusion: It seems that in high loads shoes or medial arch supports cannot change electromyographic parameters in Medial gastrocnemius nor Tibialis anterior in any phase of motion while working with leg press device.
Seasonal and spatial variabilities in northern Gulf of Alaska surface water iron concentrations driven by shelf sediment resuspension, glacial meltwater, a Yakutat eddy, and dust
Authors: Crusius John , Schroth Andrew W. , Resing Joseph A. , Cullen Jay , Campbell Robert W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton growth in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) is limited by iron (Fe), yet Fe sources are poorly constrained. We examine the temporal and spatial distributions of Fe, and its sources in the GoA, based on data from three cruises carried out in 2010 from the Copper River (AK) mouth to beyond the shelf break. April data are the first to describe late winter Fe behavior before surface water nitrate depletion began. Sediment resuspension during winter and spring storms generated high “total dissolvable Fe” (TDFe) concentrations of ~1000 nmol kg−1 along the entire continental shelf, which decreased beyond the shelf break. In July, high TDFe concentrations were similar on the shelf, but more spatially variable, and driven by low‐salinity glacial meltwater. Conversely, dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations in surface waters were far lower and more seasonally consistent, ranging from ~4 nmol kg−1 in nearshore waters to ~0.6–1.5 nmol kg−1 seaward of the shelf break during April and July, despite dramatic depletion of nitrate over that period. The reasonably constant DFe concentrations are likely maintained during the year across the shelf by complexation by strong organic ligands, coupled with ample supply of labile particulate Fe. The April DFe data can be simulated using a simple numerical model that assumes a DFe flux from shelf sediments, horizontal transport by eddy diffusion, and removal by scavenging. Given how global change is altering many processes impacting the Fe cycle, additional studies are needed to examine controls on DFe in the Gulf of Alaska.
Autoxidation as a major player in the fate of terrestrial particulate organic matter in seawater
Authors: Galeron Marie‐Aimée , Radakovitch Olivier , Charrière Bruno , Vaultier Frédéric , Rontani Jean‐François 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Rhône River plays a major role in the Mediterranean Sea, being both its main freshwater source and its major particulate matter provider. This survey of the fate of terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM) was conducted along the salinity gradient of the Rhône River plume, between 2012 and 2014. It revealed that autoxidation acts rapidly and intensely upon the POM's arrival at sea, with α‐amyrin and β‐amyrin autoxidation rates going from 12.9 ± 2.9% to 45.0 ± 6.4% and 10.7 ± 4.0% to 50.3 ± 4.4%, respectively, between fresh water (salinity 0) and seawater (salinity 38). These compounds, being unambiguous markers of the terrestrial origin of POM, allow us to unequivocally characterize the POM as terrestrial. While it was originally believed that a desorption of redox‐active trace metal ions was the favoring factor that kick‐started this intense autoxidation, this study evidences no trace metal desorption in the Rhône River mixing zone and hence no correlation between high autoxidation rates and the presence of trace metal ions. Autoxidation rates however were very well correlated with salinity levels within the river plume, with r2 reaching 0.801, 0.962, and 0.943 for sitosterol, α‐amyrin, and β‐amyrin, respectively, in November 2014.
Characterizing hyporheic exchange processes using high‐frequency electrical conductivity‐discharge relationships on subhourly to interannual timescales
Authors: Singley Joel G. , Wlostowski Adam N. , Bergstrom Anna J. , Sokol Eric R. , Torrens Christa L. , Jaros Chris , Wilson Colleen E. , Hendrickson Patrick J. , Gooseff Michael N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConcentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships are often used to quantify source water contributions and biogeochemical processes occurring within catchments, especially during discrete hydrological events. Yet, the interpretation of C‐Q hysteresis is often confounded by complexity of the critical zone, such as numerous source waters and hydrochemical nonstationarity. Consequently, researchers must often ignore important runoff pathways and geochemical sources/sinks, especially the hyporheic zone because it lacks a distinct hydrochemical signature. Such simplifications limit efforts to identify processes responsible for the transience of C‐Q hysteresis over time. To address these limitations, we leverage the hydrologic simplicity and long‐term, high‐frequency Q and electrical conductivity (EC) data from streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In this two end‐member system, EC can serve as a proxy for the concentration of solutes derived from the hyporheic zone. We utilize a novel approach to decompose loops into subhysteretic EC‐Q dynamics to identify individual mechanisms governing hysteresis across a wide range of timescales. We find that hydrologic and hydraulic processes govern EC response to diel and seasonal Q variability and that the effects of hyporheic mixing processes on C‐Q transience differ in short and long streams. We also observe that variable hyporheic turnover rates govern EC‐Q patterns at daily to interannual timescales. Last, subhysteretic analysis reveals a period of interannual freshening of glacial meltwater streams related to the effects of unsteady flow on hyporheic exchange. The subhysteretic analysis framework we introduce may be applied more broadly to constrain the processes controlling C‐Q transience and advance understanding of catchment evolution.