bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boronate Affinity–Molecularly Imprinted Biocompatible Probe: An Alternative for Specific Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Chen Guosheng , Qiu Junlang , Fang Xu'an , Xu Jianqiao , Cai Siying , Chen Qing , Liu Yan , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA biocompatible probe for specific glucose recognition is based on photoinitiated boronate affinity–molecular imprinted polymers (BA‐MIPs). The unique pre‐self‐assembly between glucose and boronic acids creates glucose‐specific memory cavities in the BA‐MIPs coating. As a result, the binding constant toward glucose was enhanced by three orders of magnitude. The BA‐MIPs probe was applied to glucose determination in serum and urine and implanted into plant tissues for low‐destructive and long‐term in vivo continuous glucose monitoring.
An energy‐aware virtual machine scheduling method for service QoS enhancement in clouds over big data
Authors: Dou Wanchun , Xu Xiaolong , Meng Shunmei , Zhang Xuyun , Hu Chunhua , Yu Shui , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBecause of the strong demands of physical resources of big data, it is an effective and efficient way to store and process big data in clouds, as cloud computing allows on‐demand resource provisioning. With the increasing requirements for the resources provisioned by cloud platforms, the Quality of Service (QoS) of cloud services for big data management is becoming significantly important. Big data has the character of sparseness, which leads to frequent data accessing and processing, and thereby causes huge amount of energy consumption. Energy cost plays a key role in determining the price of a service and should be treated as a first‐class citizen as other QoS metrics, because energy saving services can achieve cheaper service prices and environmentally friendly solutions. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently schedule Virtual Machines (VMs) for service QoS enhancement in an energy‐aware manner. In this paper, we propose an energy‐aware dynamic VM scheduling method for QoS enhancement in clouds over big data to address the above challenge. Specifically, the method consists of two main VM migration phases where computation tasks are migrated to servers with lower energy consumption or higher performance to reduce service prices and execution time. Extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the treatments of heterogeneities and periodic boundary conditions for isogeometric homogenization analysis
Authors: Matsubara Seishiro , Nishi Shin‐Nosuke , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe treatments of heterogeneities and periodic boundary conditions are explored to properly perform isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on NURBS basis functions in solving homogenization problems for heterogeneous media with omni‐directional periodicity and composite plates with in‐plane periodicity. Because the treatment of the combination of different materials in IGA models is not trivial especially for periodicity constraints, the first priority is to clearly specify points at issue in the numerical modeling, or equivalently mesh generation, for IG homogenization analysis (IGHA). The most awkward, but important issue is how to generate patches for NURBS representation of the geometry of a rectangular parallelepiped unit cell to realize appropriate deformations in consideration of the convex‐hull property of IGA. The issue arises from the introduction of overlapped control points located at angular points in the heterogeneous unit cell, which must satisfy multiple point constraint (MPC) conditions associated with periodic boundary conditions (PBCs). Although two measures may be conceivable, we suggest the use of multiple patches along with double MPC that imposes PBCs and the continuity conditions between different patches simultaneously. Several numerical examples of numerical material and plate tests are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy of IG modeling for IGHA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grin and Bear It?: Employees' Use of Surface Acting During Co‐worker Conflict
Authors: Nixon Ashley E. , Bruk‐Lee Valentina , Spector Paul E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing survey data from 459 employed individuals, the conditional indirect effects of three types of interpersonal conflict at work on strains and performance through surface acting were tested. Results indicated that task, relationship and non‐task organizational conflict were positively related to depressive and physical symptoms and negatively related to performance. Task conflict had a significantly weaker association with employee outcomes than either relationship or non‐task organizational conflict. Surface acting negatively related to all types of conflict, although it had a weaker association with relationship conflict than task or non‐task organizational conflict. Support was found for moderated mediation relationships whereby surface acting mediated the associations between all types of conflict with depressive symptoms, as well as the association between relationship and non‐task organizational conflict with physical symptoms, when conflict was infrequent. Surface acting also mediated the associations between all types of conflict and performance when conflict was frequent. Future research directions are discussed that can advance our theoretical understanding of how emotional labour and interpersonal conflict interact to affect employees, as well as further our ability to improve employee well‐being and organizational functioning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Be going to and will: talking about the future using embodied experience
Authors: TYLER ANDREA , JAN HANA 
Published: July 2016

abstractEnglish speakers expressing futurity have the choice of two primary verb forms, will or be going to (BGT). Previous studies establish that BGT has multiple meanings not associated with will. Langacker (1987) rejected a metaphoric analysis of BGT (time is motion) as inadequate and offered a binary feature analysis. Brisard (2001) expanded on this analysis and argued that manipulating the configurations of binary features explains the semantic differences between will and BGT. However, Brisard’s analysis overlooks the semantic overlap among will, BGT, and the simple present. Moreover, it does not provide a framework that treats will and BGT as part of the larger English modal verb system. Finally, it lacks a persuasive explanation of how the meanings associated with will versus BGT arose. We address these gaps by proposing a polysemy-based explanation that emphasizes invited inferences (e.g., Bybee, Perkins, & Pagliuca, 1994) and embodied experience; a particularly novel aspect of the analysis is that all the meanings of BGT are related straightforwardly to components of the human walk cycle. Further, we argue that the shared future meaning of will and BGT represent inter-lexical polysemy (Evans, 2015b), thus providing additional evidence for the Theory of Lexical Concepts and Cognitive Models (LCCM).
Genetic variation and combining abilities for vigour and yield in a recurrent selection programme for cacao
Authors: PADI F. K. , OFORI A. , ARTHUR A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe low genetic diversity of cacao germplasm collections in West Africa is often cited as a limitation to further yield improvement of the crop in its major production countries. Twelve clones obtained from first cycle selection for yield and clones available in international genebanks were tested for their combining ability for key agronomic traits by using these as males in crosses with five female clones available in the Seed Gardens in Ghana. Progenies obtained from a North Carolina II (NC II) mating design and standard varieties were planted at two sites that contrast in terms of soil fertility, rainfall total and distribution. Fifty-eight progenies obtained from the 5 × 12 incomplete NC II mating design and six other progenies, of which two were standard varieties, were evaluated at the more favourable location. At the less favourable location, 44 progenies of the NC II mating design and 20 other progenies, including the two standard varieties, were planted. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used at both locations. Progenies with PA 7 as female parent had better seedling survival at the location with poorer production conditions. Low levels of genetic diversity among female clones at 86 single nucleotide polymorphism loci was reflected in larger standard errors for the additive variance due to female parents relative to that due to male parents. Non-additive genetic effects were much larger than the corresponding additive variance components for all traits at each of the two locations. Average yields over the fourth and fifth years after planting ranged from 0·23 to 1·29 t/ha/year. The standard varieties were not among the best progenies for seedling vigour, yield or yield efficiency (yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) per year). Narrow-sense heritability estimates were higher for three estimates of tree vigour (estimated as increase in TCSA) than for yield traits. Heritability for yield efficiency was a moderate ofh2= 0·5 ± 0·23. The study indicates that further yield increments are attainable by selecting and crossing among the early cacao introductions into West Africa.
Quasi-alternating links with small determinant
Authors: LIDMAN TYE , SIVEK STEVEN 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuasi-alternating links of determinant 1, 2, 3 and 5 were previously classified by Greene and Teragaito, who showed that the only such links are two-bridge. In this paper, we extend this result by showing that all quasi-alternating links of determinant at most 7 are connected sums of two-bridge links, which is optimal since there are quasi-alternating links not of this form for all larger determinants. We achieve this by studying their branched double covers and characterising distance-one surgeries between lens spaces of small order, leading to a classification of formal L-spaces with order at most 7.
Changes in carbon storage with land management promoted by payment for ecosystem services
Authors: BREMER LEAH L. , FARLEY KATHLEEN A. , CHADWICK OLIVER A. , HARDEN CAROL P. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAndean grasslands (páramos) are highly valued for their role in regional water supply as well as for their biodiversity and large soil carbon stocks. Several Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes promote either afforestation or alteration of traditional burning regimes under the assumption that these land management strategies will maximize páramo ecosystem services, including carbon storage. However, knowledge of the effects of incentivized land uses is limited. In an evaluation of how afforestation and elimination of burning affect carbon storage at a site in southern Ecuador, we found the highest above-ground biomass carbon levels at afforested sites (99.3–122.0 t C ha−1), while grassland sites reached 23.9 t C ha−1after 45 years of burn exclusion. Soil carbon storage from 0–20 cm was high across all sites (172.8–201.9 t C ha−1), but was significantly lower with afforestation than with burn exclusion. These findings suggest that, although afforestation is generally favoured when carbon is the primary ecosystem service of interest, grasslands with infrequent burning have important potential as a land management strategy when both above-ground biomass and soil carbon are considered. These results are relevant to the development and adaptation of PES programmes focused on carbon as well as those focused on multiple ecosystem services.
Analytical Expressions of risks Involved in General Insurance
Authors: Philipson C. 
Published: July 2016

The following comments on the papers written in English, French and German under Subject IVA and published in Trans. XVth. International Congress of Actuaries 1957, formed the basis of an address by Mr. C. Philipson, Sweden, on Thursday 17th October, to the members of Astin in New York.Let sn be the maximum value of si and tn the minimum value of the angular coefficient of the straight line connecting the point (si, Ai) with point (1, 1), when i takes the values 1, 2 … n and the point (si, Ai) is taken to mean the vertex of the convex curve representing the generating function of the ith favourable risk. In a portfolio of m + n independent risks—where m are unfavourable and n favourable—Franckx finds that the superior limit of the probability that the aggregate amount of claims shall not exceed k can be written, where Im is taken to mean the product of the generating functions for the m unfavourable risks.Speaking of the theory of risk as first given by Filip Lundberg and developed by Cramér and the Scandinavian School he writes:“Cela n'empêche qu'il y a encore un monde entre la théorie et la pratique et que les actuaires n'auront la partie gagnée que dans la mesure ou leurs travaux seront suffissamment simples que pour qu'ils soient et compréhensibles et directement utilisables”.
Recherches sur les gros sinistres en R. C. Automobile France 1948–1955
Authors: Depoid P. , Duchez E. 
Published: July 2016

Il a été créé en France, en 1948, dans le cadre de l'Association Générale des Sociétés d'Assurances contre les Accidents, un pool dénommé „Section de Réassurance Mutuelle” ayant pour objet la réassurance en mutualité, en excédent de sinistres, des risques de Responsabilité Civile Automobile, de Responsabilité Civile Générale et d'Accidents du Travail.Le seuil au dela duquel les sinistres ont été répartis en mutualité a été:
Etaient réassurés par la Section tous les sinistres survenus en France, Afrique du Nord, Union Française et Belgique, mais la part relative aux risques assurés hors de la France métropolitaine était faible.Nous n'avons tenu compte dans la présente étude que des sinistres de Responsabilité Civile Automobile supérieurs à:
L'adhésion à ce pool était libre. A titre d'indication le tableau ci-après donne par année les encaissements globaux en France et Algérie de toutes les Sociétés d'Assurances pratiquant l'Assurance Automobile. (Rapport annuel de la Direction des Assurances) et le montant des primes Auto et R.C. diverses ayant servi de base au calcul de la cotisation des Sociétés adhérentes à la Section de Réassurance Mutuelle.
A practical application of credibility to experience rating plans for hospitalization and medical-surgical insurance
Authors: Kormes Mark 
Published: July 2016

This paper describes a rather simple application of credibility which was used to develop experience rating plans for Blue Cross and Blue Shield organizations in the United States. These are non-profit corporations which provide prepaid coverage for the cost of hospitalization and medical-surgical care. The benefits are in many instances full service benefits so that there is no additional cost to the subscribing member.While coverage is being granted to individual applicants, the bulk of the unterwriting is composed of groups, that is employees of a given commercial entity. Since the plans are voluntary and, in many instances, the employer either acts only as collecting agent for his employees or else pays only a fraction of the premium, certain minimum participation percentages have been established to prevent anti-selection.Because of the competion of Insurance Companies which have concentrated their efforts on larger and more profitable groups (especially those where the employer pays all of the premiums) it was early recognized that a uniform or “community” rate will result in a gradual loss of groups with good experience thereby requiring substantial increases in the average rates. The original program of experience rating which the author has developed for the Massachusetts Blue Cross in 1949 has been since adopted “mutatis mutandis” by a number of other Blue Cross and Blue Shield organizations.
Panorama 1970 des assurances de Roumanie Particularites et tendances
Authors: Cosmoiu Aurel 
Published: July 2016

Lorsque le secrétaire du Comité d'organisation du IXe colloque „ASTIN” — Randers 1970 — le Dr. Paul Johansen, a pris l'initiative d'inviter, dès septembre 1969, les participants roumains aux travaux du VIIIe colloque „ASTIN” de Sopot, de présenter à Randers „un rapport sur le système national d'assurances”, la manière même dont il en a suggéré le thème prouve qu'il avait nettement conscience qu'une simple présentation des assurances pour les personnes, les biens et la responsabilité civile d'un pays serait insuffisamment éloquente si toutes ces assurances n'étaient englobées dans un cadre plus vaste, autrement dit si elles n'étaient pas rendues vivantes dans l'ensemble général des formes que l'idée d'assurance adopte au sein de la vie de la société respective. On sait que, déjà au XIXe siècle, du tronc plus ancien des assurances individuelles, se sont détachées les assurances sociales qui, en se développant vertigineusement, ont obtenu de longue date un statut et un profil propres, tout en acquérant entre temps la prépondérance en matière d'assurances pour les personnes et en conditionnant de manière décisive ce secteur des assurances.Ce n'est qu'en présentant les assurances dans ce vaste cadre que l'on peut avoir une image adéquate de la manière dont les assurances sont utilisées afin de protéger les habitants d'un pays.Par ailleurs, la présentation du champ tout entier d'action de l'idée d'assurance est également exigée par un intérêt scientifique. Car ce n'est que dans une semblable vaste perspective que l'on peut élucider de manière satisfaisante des processus déjà consommés, des processus en cours, ainsi que la tendance au renouvellement qui se manifeste au sein de l'évolution des assurances.Etant donné, d'ailleurs, les conditions existant en Roumanie, même si nous voulions procéder à une présentation exclusive des assurances individuelles, cette tentative rencontrerait de graves difficultés et ne pourrait aboutir sans de substantielles amputations.
The Negative Exponential Distribution and Average Excess Claim Size
Authors: Taylor G. C. 
Published: July 2016

Consider a claim size distribution with complementary d.f. H(.). Let E(x) denote the average claim payment under a policy subject to this claim size d.f. but with a deductible of x. That iswhere E is the expectation operator and X is the random variable claim size before application of the excess.It is well-known—see Benktander and Segerdahl (1960, p. 630)—that:It was shown by them that E(x) is a constant for all x ≥ o if and only if the claim size d.f. is negative exponential:This property of the negative exponential distribution is closely related to the fact that it is the only distribution with constant failure rate. See Kaufmann (1969, pp. 20-22).The constancy of average excess claim size with varying deductible can be useful in practice. For example, if the distribution of motor vehicle (property damage) claim sizes can be assumed roughly exponential, which will often be reasonable, then a variation in the deductible will not induce any variation in the average size of claims paid by the insurer, i.e. after application of the deductible. This will be a particularly useful piece of information if for example one is examining trends in average claim size over a period during which a change in deductible occurred.
Early Models Describing the Fire Insurance Risk
Authors: Johansen Paul 
Published: July 2016

It has been known for generations that the fire risk rate increases with the size of the insured object in a similar way as the death rate increases with the age.Professor d'Addario and other Italian mathematicians have shown that statistical data often can be graduated by the formulas where S denotes the sum insured:In 1940, d'Addario) in a practical case found the values α = 0.78, β = 0.44. In 1956, Blandin and Depoid have used the same formulas. Although these formulas in practical cases often lead to good approximations, one can hardly say that a proper mathematical or physical model describing the behaviour of fires lies behind.About 1950, I worked with the statistics of a group of Danish fire insurance companies, in particular covering farm buildings. This investigation was organized by Gunnar Benktander. Our data confirmed the increase of the fire risk rate with the size of the buildings.In one special group: Farm houses with thatched roofs, this increase was so important that the risk premium was approximately proportionate to the square of the sum insured. The statistics fully justified the tariffing and we tried to construct a model describing and explaining the observed facts.The risk group in question was characterized by the overwhelming importance of total or practically total losses. Only a few per cent of the damages went to minor fires. When a fire breaks out in such a building, and reaches a certain slight extent, then it is not possible to save the building from total destruction. With sufficient approximation, we may say that only total losses occur (as in life assurance).
Considérations sur les Modèles d'Avant Projet Pour Classes de Tarif
Authors: Franckx Ed. 
Published: July 2016

L'assurance est un jeu. Le rôle principal de l'actuaire est d'aider l'assureur à „trouver son adversaire”. En assurance-vie, le risque est défini par la table de mortalité et l'assuré est trouvé quant il déclare son âge et son état de santé. En assurance non life, la question n'est pas aussi simple. Mais la pratique commerciale a introduit la notion de classe du tarif. Les risques qui appartiennent à une classe de tarif n'appartiennent pas à une classe homogène, mais les conséquences d'un sinistre sont comparables au sens du calcul des probalités. La valeur moyenne d'un sinistre résultant de la classe de tarif est statistiquement stable. Ce qui fondamentalement a garanti le fonctionnement de l'assurance non life est l'application de la loi des grands nombres. La régularité statistique sera toujours l'élément de classement et de décision. Nous considérons donc la classe de tarif comme étant l'élément primaire du risk-business, même si la valeur moyenne d'un sinistre varie dans le temps.Etablir un modèle est toujours une approximation plus au moins bien réussie de la réalité. Le problème de la représentation d'un risque couvert par un contrat d'assurance ou un ensemble de contrats (réassurance) est un problème théorique. Autre chose est le problème de l'efficacité c'est-à-dire la possibilité d'effectuer des calculs pratiques. Le modèle gaussien de la loi des erreurs de mesure n'est pas théoriquement exact, mais il permet les calculs de compensation. Le modèle de Dodson en assurance-vie est une première approximation de la réalité mais il permet à l'actuaire d'effectuer ses tarifications.