bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pedagogical challenges of creating information literate librarians
Authors: Derakhshan Maryam , Hassanzadeh Mohammad , E. Higgins Susan , Abbaspour Asadollah Sara 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the challenges of developing information literacy (IL) competencies and approaches to overcome the challenges among library and information science (LIS) students in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking an exploratory approach, the study used semi-structured interviews to gather the data. Using the 2000 ACRL standards as a framework, the fieldwork questions were designed around the five areas of IL competencies. A total of 15 academics teaching 18 different LIS courses from six universities were interviewed. They were asked the challenges they faced in teaching these competencies and the approaches they took or suggested in overcoming the challenge(s). A thematic approach was used to analyze the data.

Findings
Some of the challenges for students mentioned by the interviewees were ambiguity about the discipline, inability to match subject relevance with appropriate sources of information and lack of familiarity with databases.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to LIS academics; studying students’ reflections can bring broader perspectives to IL education in LIS programs. Owing to the nature of the design of this study, which is a single case study, the teaching experiences of IL are limited to the ones which emerged and were addressed in the context of the case. Although the case selection was made in a way that can be representative of the “general” in the “particular” bounded system of the case (Stake, 1998), studying more cases could certainly have brought broader perspectives to IL which could have been to wider contexts.

Originality/value
The results of this study contribute to our understanding of challenges in teaching IL in the LIS discipline, an area that has not been researched directly. This contributes to IL teaching in disciplinary areas and it brings new perspectives to the elements of IL teaching which emerged from the experiences of people who are directly experienced in the context of the discipline.
Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics
Authors: Vastrick Thomas W. , Schuetzner Ellen , Osborn Kelsey 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe premise of this follow‐up sister study to “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics” was to collect a representative population sampling of numerals and assess how many participants utilize each of the predetermined characteristics as found in their specimens. A total of 1410 handwriting specimen forms were collected from across the United States and pared to 1025 to obtain a proper representative sample of the U.S. adult population based on the same demographics used in the original 2017 study. This study provides frequency of occurrence proportions and 95% confidence limits for 25 handwritten numeral characteristics. A total of 277 intercharacter pairs of handwritten numeral characteristics were cross‐analyzed for interdependence. The results were that 72.92% of all intercharacter pairs had a coefficient of correlation between −0.2 and +0.2 in this study.
Child Fatalities in Dammam: A Call for Child Fatality Reviews in Arab Countries
Authors: Alsaif Dalia Mohammed , Almadani Osama M. , Ali Almoghannam Salah , Hamdi Dina , Al‐Farayedhi Maram A. , Kharosha Magdy A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIdentifying children's risk exposure is the first step toward mortality prevention. This retrospective study determined the causes of child fatalities in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Death reports of children and adolescents from 1999 to 2015 (N = 157) were analyzed. Boys represented most cases (69%) and there were two age peaks (1–5 years and 16–18 years). Accidents (typically immersion) defined the main death circumstance (51%) followed by homicide (25%). Only 33% of cases underwent autopsy, and the most common cause of death was head injury (27%) followed by firearm injury. Only one immersion death underwent autopsy. This study revealed important data about the risk exposure of children in Dammam and emphasizes deficient investigative procedures. Child fatality reviews comprise systematic data collection by multidisciplinary teams to determine the true risks toward children in a community. Such teams do not exist in Arab countries; therefore, strategies should be implemented to initiate them.
Did maize domestication and early spread mediate the population genetics of corn leafhopper?
Authors: Bernal Julio S. , Dávila‐Flores Amanda M. , Medina Raul F. , Chen Yolanda H. , Harrison Kyle E. , Berrier Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvestigating how crop domestication and early farming mediated crop attributes, distributions, and interactions with antagonists may shed light on today's agricultural pest problems. Crop domestication generally involved artificial selection for traits desirable to early farmers, for example, increased productivity or yield, and enhanced qualities, though invariably it altered the interactions between crops and insects, and expanded the geographical ranges of crops. Thus, some studies suggest that with crop domestication and spread, insect populations on wild crop ancestors gave rise to pestiferous insect populations on crops. Here, we addressed whether the emergence of corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis) as an agricultural pest may be associated with domestication and early spread of maize (Zea mays mays). We used AFLP markers and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess population genetic structuring and haplotype relationships among corn leafhopper samples from maize and its wild relative Zea diploperennis from multiple locations in Mexico and Argentina. We uncovered seven corn leafhopper haplotypes contained within two haplogroups, one haplogroup containing haplotypes associated with maize and the other containing haplotypes associated with Z. diploperennis in a mountainous habitat. Within the first haplogroup, one haplotype was predominant across Mexican locations, and another across Argentinean locations; both were considered pestiferous. We suggested that the divergence times of the maize‐associated haplogroup and of the “pestiferous” haplotypes are correlated with the chronology of maize spread following its domestication. Overall, our results support a hypothesis positing that maize domestication favored corn leafhopper genotypes preadapted for exploiting maize so that they became pestiferous, and that with the geographical expansion of maize farming, corn leafhopper colonized Z. diploperennis, a host exclusive to secluded habitats that serves as a refuge for archaic corn leafhopper genotypic diversity. Broadly, our results help explain the extents to which crop domestication and early spread may have mediated the emergence of today's agricultural pests.
Reforming foodservice in elderly care: National actions and local outcomes
Authors: Skinnars Josefsson Malin , Nydahl Margaretha , Persson Inger , Mattsson Sydner Ylva 
Published: November 2017

AimThe aim was to explore the outcome, on a local level, of steering, organisation and practices of elderly care foodservice by Swedish municipalities, and changes relative to national actions.MethodsA survey using a web‐based questionnaire about elderly care foodservice targeting all Swedish municipalities (n = 290) was conducted in 2006 and 2013/2014. The questionnaire included the topics: organisation of foodservice, its practice in elderly care and steering devices such as guidelines and policies. Based on the share of a rural population, municipalities were divided into groups: rural (≥50%), urban (<50%) and city (≤20%).ResultsThe response rate from municipalities was 80% in 2006 and 56% in 2013/2014; 45% participated in both surveys. The results showed increased use of local food policies (P = 0.03) and meal choice (P < 0.001), while access to clinical/community dietitians declined (P = 0.01) between the surveys. In home‐help services, daily delivered cook‐serve meals declined (P < 0.001) and chilled meals delivered three times a week increased (P = 0.002) between the surveys. City municipalities used private foodservice organisations the most (P < 0.001), and reported reduced use of cook‐serve systems in favour of chilled. In rural municipalities, the use of public providers (98%) and a cook‐serve system (94%) were firmly established. Urban municipalities were placed between the other groups.ConclusionsNational actions such as soft governance and benchmarking appear largely to determine local level outcomes. However, conditions for adapting these measures vary between municipality groups. While efficiency enhancing trends were prominent, questions remain whether national actions should be expanded beyond performance to also examine their consequences.
Tetraselmis suecica F&M‐M33 growth is influenced by its associated bacteria
Authors: Biondi Natascia , Cheloni Giulia , Rodolfi Liliana , Viti Carlo , Giovannetti Luciana , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAlgal cultures are usually co‐cultures of algae and bacteria, especially when considering outdoor mass cultivation. The influence of associated bacteria on algal culture performance has been poorly investigated, although bacteria may strongly affect biomass (or derived product) yield and quality. In this work, the influence on growth and productivity of Tetraselmis suecica F&M‐M33 of bacterial communities and single bacterial isolates from the algal phycosphere was investigated. Xenic laboratory and outdoor cultures were compared with an axenic culture in batch. The presence of the bacterial community significantly promoted culture growth. Single bacterial isolates previously found to be strictly associated with T. suecica F&M‐M33 also increased growth compared with the axenic culture, whereas loosely associated and common seawater bacteria induced variable growth responses, from positive to detrimental. The increased growth was mainly evidenced as increased algal biomass production and cell size, and occurred after exhaustion of nutrients. This finding is of interest for biofuel production from microalgae, often attained through nutrient starvation processes leading to oil or carbohydrate accumulation. As axenic T. suecica F&M‐M33 showed a similar growth with or without vitamins, the most probable mechanism behind bacterial positive influence on algal growth seems nutrient recycling.
Estradiol inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Shi Jianfeng , Zhao Weibo , Ying Haijian , Zhang Ying , Du Juping , Chen Shuaishuai , Li Jun , Shen Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveNucleotide binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is known for activating pro‐inflammatory cytokines in knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study was performed to identify whether NLRP3 inflammasome can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and adenosine triphos adenine (ATP), which are positively related with knee OA severity in joint‐spaces, in human fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), and to identify whether estrogen would inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.MethodsIn the present study, human FLS were isolated from the knee OA in patients during arthroplasty, and were treated with LPS and ATP in the presence or absence of estradiol (E2). The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of NLRP3 components were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 content in the supernatant. Estrogen receptor α inhibitor MPP and β inhibitor PHTPP were used to explore how E2 works.ResultsOur results demonstrated that treatment with LPS and ATP increased significantly both in mRNA and protein levels of all the NLRP3 inflammasome components, and triggered the NLRP3 inflammasome, followed by upregulated IL‐1β and IL‐18 in the cell supernatant. E2 appeared to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by diminishing mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 through estrogen receptor β, and decreased the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐18 as well.ConclusionThese results suggested the increased LPS and ATP in joint‐space may promote knee OA by NLRP3 inflammasome and E2 may exert a protective effect by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in FLS.
Cost‐effectiveness of bisphosphonates for prevention of fracture related to glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd‐Tahir Nurul‐Ain , Thomas Paraidathathu , Mohamed‐Said Mohd‐Shahrir , Makmor‐Bakry Mohd , Li Shu‐Chuen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionGlucocorticoid therapy is associated with an appreciable risk of bone loss leading to fractures that require expensive treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of bisphosphonates for prevention of hip fracture in glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in Malaysia.MethodRetrospective data were collected from GIOP patients referred to the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Fracture events and direct medical costs were compared between bisphosphonates and calcium/vitamin D combination.ResultsFracture events were reported in 28 out of 93 included patients, with hip and vertebral fractures representing 42.9% and 35.7%, respectively. Overall, the use of bisphosphonates could not be considered cost‐effective for treatment of all GIOP patients. The presence of certain fracture risk factors was able to modify the cost‐effectiveness of bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates was considered cost‐effective if started in patients more than 60 years old. However, the use of bisphosphonates was not cost‐effective in GIOP patients with secondary osteoporosis. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) of bisphosphonates in patients with risk factors of previous fracture or rheumatoid arthritis were Malaysian Ringgits (MYR) 108 603.40 and MYR 25 699.21, respectively.ConclusionFracture risk factors of age, previous fracture, rheumatoid arthritis and secondary osteoporosis may modify the cost‐effectiveness outcomes of bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates would be considered cost‐effective in patients more than 60 years old as compared to calcium/vitamin D treatments. Further evaluation of the impact of fracture risk factors in larger populations would provide more precise information to better assist rational and economical use of anti‐osteoporosis treatment in GIOP patients.
Effectiveness of the maximising cognition (MAXCOG) information resource for clients with mild cognitive impairment and their families
Authors: Regan Bridget , Wells Yvonne 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate a new information resource developed for clients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early dementia and their family supporters.MethodsA controlled group trial was undertaken comparing 40 clients and family supporters who received ‘service as usual’ followed by 40 clients and family supporters who received ‘service as usual’ plus the new information resource. Telephone interviews comprising open questions, ratings and a quality‐of‐life questionnaire were undertaken two to four weeks after the client's final feedback session.ResultsThe two groups (equivalent on sex, age and cognition) showed a similar pattern of responses regarding handout use and evaluation. However, family supporters in the group who received and read the new resource were better able to describe their use of cognitive management strategies.ConclusionSome family supporters appeared to benefit from using the new resource but people with MCI may require further face‐to‐face support to learn new strategies.
PD‐L1 expression associated with worse survival outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Nguyen Bella Hai , Montgomery Renn , Fadia Mitali , Wang Jiali , Ali Sayed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThere is currently a need to identify prognostic biomarkers to assist in a risk adopted approach in treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) has been studied as a prognostic biomarker in a number of tumors given its central role in antitumoral immune response evasion. Four previously published analyses found PD‐L1 positivity to be an adverse survival prognostic factor in MPM. This study aims to further investigate the relationship between PD‐L1 expression in mesothelioma tissues and survival outcome.MethodsClinical data of MPM patients from a single institution between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Patient's archived tissues were stained with PD‐L1 (Clone Ventana SP263). PD‐L1 positivity was defined as > 1% membranous staining regardless of intensity.ResultsData from fifty eight patients were analyzed. Median age was 73, majority was male (49, 84%) and had ECOG between 0 and 2 (46, 79%). Most common histopathological subtype was epithelioid (42, 72%), 9 (16%) biphasic subtype and 7 (12%) sarcomatoid. Thirty one patients (53%) received best supportive care and twenty seven patients (47%) received chemotherapy or combination treatment. Forty‐two patients had positive PD‐L1 expression (72.4%). The median survival time for PD‐L1 negative group is 15.5 months and 6 months for the positive group. Positive PD‐L1 expression is independently correlated with worse prognosis (HR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.005–4.057; P‐value = 0.0484).ConclusionsOur analysis found a higher percentage of MPM patients with positive PD‐L1 (> 1%) compared to other studies. Highly positive PD‐L1 expression was associated with statistically significantly lower median survival time.
Association of 150‐kDa oxygen‐regulated protein with vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Abu El‐Asrar Ahmed M. , Ahmad Ajmal , Alam Kaiser , Bittoun Emilie , Siddiquei Mohammad Mairaj , Mohammad Ghulam , Mousa Ahmed , De Hertogh Gert , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurpose150‐kDa oxygen‐regulated protein (ORP150), a member of heat‐shock protein family located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has a critical role in secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We investigated expression levels of ORP150 and correlated these levels with VEGF and total vitreous antioxidant capacity (TAC) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We also examined expression of ORP150 in retinas of diabetic rats and in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC).MethodsVitreous samples from 40 PDR and 20 non‐diabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from 14 patients with PDR, retinas of rats and HRMEC were studied by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.ResultsWe showed a significant increase in expression of VEGF and ORP150 in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared with controls (p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Total vitreous antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were significantly lower in patients with PDR than those in controls (p < 0.0001). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ORP150 levels in PDR with active neovascularization were significantly higher than that in inactive PDR (p = 0.016; p = 0.011, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between levels of ORP150 and levels of VEGF (r = 0.42; p = 0.001). In epiretinal membranes, ORP150 was expressed in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. We also demonstrated colocalization of the nuclear cell proliferation marker Ki67 and ORP150 in endothelial cells of pathologic new blood vessels. 150‐kDa oxygen‐regulated protein (ORP150) levels were significantly increased in rat retinas after induction of diabetes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induced upregulation of ORP150 in HRMEC.ConclusionThese results suggest a role for ORP150 in PDR angiogenesis.
A new push‐pull sample design for microscale mode 1 fracture toughness measurements under uniaxial tension
Authors: Schwiedrzik J.J. , Ast J. , Pethö L. , Maeder X. , Michler J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA sample geometry is proposed for performing microscale tensile experiments based on a push‐pull design. It allows measuring mode 1 fracture toughness under uniform far‐field loading. Finite element simulations were performed to determine the geometry factor, which was nearly constant for Young's moduli spanning 2 orders of magnitude. It was further verified that mode 1 stress intensity factor KI is nearly constant over the width of the tension rods and an order of magnitude higher than KII and KIII. Notched samples with different a/w ratios were prepared in (100)‐oriented Si by a combination of reactive ion etching and focused ion beam milling. The mode 1 fracture toughness KI,q was constant with a/w and in average 1.02 ± 0.06 MPa√m in good agreement with existing literature. The geometry was characterized and experimentally validated and may be used for fracture toughness measurements of all material classes. It is especially interesting when a uniaxial, homogeneous stress field is desired, if crack tip plasticity is important, or when positioning of the indenter is difficult.
Elevated carbon dioxide and warming impact silicon and phenolic‐based defences differently in native and exotic grasses
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Hartley Susan E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobal climate change may increase invasions of exotic plant species by directly promoting the success of invasive/exotic species or by reducing the competitive abilities of native species. Changes in plant chemistry, leading to altered susceptibility to stress, could mediate these effects. Grasses are hyper‐accumulators of silicon, which play a crucial function in the alleviation of diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. It is unknown how predicted increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and air temperature affect silicon accumulation in grasses, especially in relation to primary and secondary metabolites. We tested how elevated CO2(eCO2) (+240 ppm) and temperature (eT) (+4°C) affected chemical composition (silicon, phenolics, carbon and nitrogen) and plant growth in eight grass species, either native or exotic to Australia. eCO2increased phenolic concentrations by 11%, but caused silicon accumulation to decline by 12%. Moreover, declines in silicon occurred mainly in native species (−19%), but remained largely unchanged in exotic species. Conversely, eT increased silicon accumulation in native species (+19%) but decreased silicon accumulation in exotic species (−10%). Silicon and phenolic concentrations were negatively correlated with each other, potentially reflecting a defensive trade‐off. Moreover, both defences were negatively correlated with plant mass, compatible with a growth‐defence trade‐off. Grasses responded in a species‐specific manner, suggesting that the relative susceptibility of different species may differ under future climates compared to current species rankings of resource quality. For example, the nativeMicrolaena stipoideswas less well defended under eCO2in terms of both phenolics and silicon, and thus could suffer greater vulnerability to herbivores. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the impacts of eCO2and eT on silicon accumulation in grasses. We speculate that the greater plasticity in silicon uptake shown by Australian native grasses may be partly a consequence of evolving in a low nutrient and seasonally arid environment.