bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear Implantation in Cases of Unilateral Hearing Loss: Initial Localization Abilities
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Buss Emily , Anderson Meredith L. , King English R. , Deres Ellen J. , Buchman Craig A. , Brown Kevin D. , Pillsbury Harold C. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
The present study evaluated early auditory localization abilities of cochlear implant (CI) recipients with normal or near-normal hearing (NH) in the contralateral ear. The goal of the study was to better understand the effect of CI listening experience on localization in this population.

Design:
Twenty participants with unilateral hearing loss enrolled in a prospective clinical trial assessing outcomes of cochlear implantation (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02203305). All participants received the MED-EL Standard electrode array, were fit with an ear-level audio processor, and listened with the FS4 coding strategy. Localization was assessed in the sound field using an 11-speaker array with speakers uniformly positioned on a horizontal, semicircular frame. Stimuli were 200-msec speech-shaped noise bursts. The intensity level (52, 62, and 72 dB SPL) and sound source were randomly interleaved across trials. Participants were tested preoperatively, and 1, 3, and 6 months after activation of the audio processor. Performance was evaluated in two conditions at each interval: (1) unaided (NH ear alone [NH-alone] condition), and (2) aided, with either a bone conduction hearing aid (preoperative interval; bone conduction hearing aid + NH condition) or a CI (postoperative intervals; CI + NH condition). Performance was evaluated by comparing root-mean-squared (RMS) error between listening conditions and between measurement intervals.

Results:
Mean RMS error for the soft, medium, and loud levels were 66°, 64°, and 69° in the NH-alone condition and 72°, 66°, and 70° in the bone conduction hearing aid + NH condition. Participants experienced a significant improvement in localization in the CI + NH condition at the 1-month interval (38°, 35°, and 38°) as compared with the preoperative NH-alone condition. Localization in the CI + NH condition continued to improve through the 6-month interval. Mean RMS errors were 28°, 25°, and 28° in the CI + NH condition at the 6-month interval.

Conclusions:
Adult CI recipients with normal or near-normal hearing in the contralateral ear experienced significant improvement in localization after 1 month of device use, and continued to improve through the 6-month interval. The present results show that binaural acclimatization in CI users with unilateral hearing loss can progress rapidly, with marked improvements in performance observed after only 1 month of listening experience.
Biological fixation of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures: a pilot study with anatomical validation
Authors: Saoud Abdelfattah Mohamed Fathy , Sallam Ahmed Mohamed , Morsey Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: April 2017

Background:
The middle window of the ilioinguinal approach described by Letournel requires dissection through important structures (inguinal part). We developed a less invasive anterior approach consisting of a medial window (Pfannenstiel) combined with the lateral window of the ilioinguinal approach.

Methods:
Initially, anatomical validation on two cadaver specimens proved the feasibility of the assumption. Between 2007 and 2012, 15 patients with acetabular fractures and 35 patients with pelvic ring injuries were consecutively operated on using the modified technique. The patients were prospectively followed clinically and by standard radiographs for at least 1 yr.

Results:
Fifty patients with a fractured pelvis or acetabulum managed to complete at least 1 yr follow-up. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 21 pelvic fractures (60% of pelvic fractures) and in 10 acetabular fractures (67% of acetabular fractures). Satisfactory reduction was achieved in 14 pelvic fractures (40% of pelvic fractures) and in five acetabular fractures (33% of acetabular fractures).

Conclusions:
The modified approach allows reduction of the anterior column and pelvic ring fractures without requiring dissection through the inguinal neurovascular structures. Our results demonstrate that safe reduction and stable fixation of selected acetabular and pelvic ring fractures is possible with this approach.

Level of Evidence:
This is considered a level IV evidence study (case series).
Immunoresponsive Autonomic Neuropathy in Sjögren Syndrome—Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Goodman Brent P. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders that classically affects exocrine glands, resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia, and frequently is associated with other systemic symptoms. SS appears to have a particular predilection for involving the autonomic nervous system.

Study Question:
Does immunotherapy improve signs and symptoms of autonomic nervous system impairment in SS?

Study Design:
This is a retrospective review of patients seen in the autonomic clinic at our institution who underwent an evaluation for a suspected autonomic disorder that ultimately was attributed to SS. SS patients who were treated with immunotherapy and completed autonomic testing before and after treatment were included in this review.

Results:
A total of 4 patients were identified who were treated for SS-related autonomic dysfunction with immunotherapy and underwent repeat autonomic testing after treatment. Marked clinical and functional improvement was seen after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin in all patients and adjunctive rituximab therapy in 1 patient. The clinical improvement with immunotherapy in these patients correlated with markedly improved findings on autonomic testing in all.

Measures and Outcomes:
Clinical symptoms and results of autonomic testing prior to and following immunotherapy were assessed.

Conclusions:
Autonomic signs and symptoms in SS are potentially immunoresponsive, but immunotherapy in these patients may require repeated, ongoing, or adjunctive therapy for optimal and sustained improvement.
Combination Steroid and Test‐based Food Elimination for Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Constantine Gregory , Seth Neha , Chokshi Niti , Minard Charles G. , Guffey Danielle , Olive Anthony P. , Davis Carla M. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic disorder characterized by infiltration of eosinophils into the esophagus. Primary treatment approaches include topical corticosteroids and/or food elimination. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combination therapy (topical corticosteroid plus test‐based food elimination [FS]) with single therapy (topical corticosteroid [S] or test‐based food elimination [F]).Methods:Chart review of patients with EoE at Texas Children's Hospital (age <21 years) was performed. Clinical and histological statuses were evaluated after a 3‐month treatment with either single or combination therapy. Comparisons were analyzed using Fisher exact test, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and multiple logistic regression models.Results:Among 670 charts, 63 patients (1–21 years, median 10.3 years) with clinicopathologic diagnoses of EoE were identified. Combination FS therapy was provided to 51% (n = 32) and single treatment (S, F) to 27% (n = 17) or 22% (n = 14) of patients, respectively. Clinical responses were noted in 91% (n = 29), 71% (n = 12), and 64% (n = 14) of patients in the FS, S, and F groups, respectively. The odds of clinically improving were 4.6 times greater (95% confidence interval: 1.1–18.8) with combination versus single therapy. The median peak number of eosinophils per high‐power field after 3‐month therapy was not significantly different in the S, F, and FS groups.Conclusions:The combination of topical corticosteroids with specific food elimination is as effective in achieving clinical and histological remissions as the single‐treatment approaches. Responses were achieved with the combination in patients who had previously failed single‐agent therapy. Prospective research of this combination approach in young patients with EoE is needed.
A Systematic Review of Measurement Tools for the Proactive Assessment of Patient Safety in General Practice
Authors: Lydon Sinéad , Cupples Margaret E. , Murphy Andrew W. , Hart Nigel , O'Connor Paul 
Published: April 2017

Background
Primary care physicians have reported a difficulty in understanding how best to measure and improve patient safety in their practices.

Objectives
The aims of the study were to identify measures of patient safety suitable for use in primary care and to provide guidance on proactively monitoring and measuring safety.

Methods
Searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo in February 2016. Studies that used a measure assessing levels of or attitudes toward patient safety in primary care were considered for inclusion. Only studies describing tools focused on the proactive assessment of safety were reviewed. Two independent reviewers extracted data from articles and applied the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.

Results
More than 2800 studies were screened, of which 56 were included. Most studies had used healthcare staff survey or interviews to assess patient safety (n = 34), followed by patient chart audit (n = 14) or use of a practice assessment checklist (n = 7). Survey or interview of patients, active monitoring systems, and simulated patients were used with less frequency.

Conclusions
A lack of appropriate measurement tools has been suggested to limit the ability to monitor patient safety in primary care and to improve patient care. There is no evident “best” method of measuring patient safety in primary care. However, many of the measures are readily available, quick to administer, do not require external involvement, and are inexpensive. This synthesis of the literature suggests that it is possible for primary care physicians to take a proactive approach to measuring and improving safety.
Cause-specific Mortality in a Population-based Cohort of 9799 Women Treated for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Elshof Lotte E. , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Rutgers Emiel J.Th. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Wesseling Jelle , Schaapveld Michael 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To assess cause-specific mortality in women treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Background:
From screening and treatment perspective, it is relevant to weigh the low breast cancer mortality after DCIS against mortality from other causes and expected mortality in the general population.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based cohort study comprising 9799 Dutch women treated for primary DCIS between 1989 and 2004 and estimated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

Results:
After a median follow up of 9.8 years, 1429 patients had died of whom 284 caused by breast cancer (2.9% of total cohort). DCIS patients <50 years experienced higher mortality compared with women in the general population (SMR 1.7; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.4–2.0), whereas patients >50 had significantly lower mortality (SMR 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–0.9). Overall, the risk of dying from general diseases and cancer other than breast cancer was lower than in the general population, whereas breast cancer mortality was increased. The SMR for breast cancer decreased from 7.5 (95% CI: 5.9–9.3) to 2.8 (95% CI: 2.4–3.2) for women aged <50 and >50 years, respectively. The cumulative breast cancer mortality 10 years after DCIS was 2.3% for women <50 years and 1.4% for women >50 years treated for DCIS between 1999 and 2004.

Conclusions:
DCIS patients >50 years had lower risk of dying from all causes combined compared with the general female population, which may reflect differences in health behavior. Women with DCIS had higher risk of dying from breast cancer than the general population, but absolute 10-year risks were low.
The role of topiceuticals in cancer pain
Authors: Paisley Peter , Serpell Michael 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
Pain is one of the most common and feared symptoms associated with a new diagnosis of cancer and its subsequent treatment. Unfortunately, it remains undertreated in around one third of patients. It has been recently postulated that one mechanism for this could be failure to recognize neuropathic pain. One attractive option in both the case of neuropathic pain and pain associated with intolerable side effects of prescribed opioids is the use of ‘topiceuticals’, as a means of targeted pain relief with potentially fewer side effects. The present review summarizes the evidence base for the various topiceuticals available for the treatment of localized neuropathic pain.

Recent findings
The recent evidence base for established treatments such as capsaicin and lignocaine is examined. A variety of novel and previously used therapies are considered.

Summary
The use of topiceuticals in localized neuropathic pain associated with malignancy remain a valuable option with many advantages over systemic treatments. In addition to anecdotal reports of efficacy, there is a growing body of evidence to consider the early use of topical lignocaine and capsaicin in this context. The authors’ have proposed a guideline including the use of topiceuticals to aid in the management of neuropathic pain.
David Edgar Cartwright. 21 October 1926 — 2 December 2015
Authors: Webb David J. 
Published: April 2017

David Cartwright was one of the world's leading authorities on the tides. However, when reflecting on his life, Cartwright made the point that his early scientific career was not a success. Indeed in 1953, at the age of 27, he had virtually despaired of any creative scientific future. At the time he was being pressurized to stop his work on the statistics of ship motions but his prospects rapidly changed when he was invited to apply for a post at the new National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) being set up by George Deacon.
At NIO he soon made important contributions to the study of ocean waves, especially the calculation of directional spectrum and wave climate. His earlier involvement with ship motions also culminated in a successful joint study with Louis Rydill on the response of ships to the spectrum of waves. Following this, his use of computer methods for time-series analysis led to an invitation to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where, with Walter Munk, he developed the response method of analysing tides making use of the very long tidal records collected from Hawaii and Newlyn. He was also made aware of the significant lack of good tidal data from the deep ocean.
Returning to the UK, he continued these interests, studying the deep-ocean tides of the Atlantic and leading an international collaboration that measured deep-ocean tides. He also investigated the effect of tides on storm surges around the UK. He became assistant director in charge of the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS) Bidston laboratory, where he continued these activities and started research on estimating the tides using data from the Seasat radar altimeter.

After retirement he successfully extended this work with Richard Ray at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Using Geosat altimeter data they generated accurate global maps of the tides in a set of papers that Cartwright considered to be his best work. He wrote a successful book titled ‘
Tides: a scientific history
’, and later published further work with Ray on the internal tides of the ocean.
Carbon Fiber on Polyimide Ultra-Microelectrodes
Authors: Gillis Winthrop F. , Lissandrello Charles A. , Shen Jun , Pearre Ben W. , Mertiri Alket , Deku Felix , Cogan Stuart , Holinski Bradley J. , Chew Daniel J. , White Alice E. , Gardner Timothy J. , Otchy Timothy M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMost preparations for making neural recordings degrade over time and eventually fail due to insertion trauma and reactive tissue response. The magnitudes of these responses are thought to be related to the electrode size (specifically, the cross-sectional area) and the relative stiffness of the electrode material. Carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes have a much smaller cross-section than traditional electrodes and thus may enable improved longevity of neural recordings in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Only two carbon fiber array designs have been described previously, each with limited channel densities due to limitations of the fabrication processes or interconnect strategies. Here, we describe a method for assembling carbon fiber electrodes on a flexible polyimide substrate that will facilitate the construction of high-density recording and stimulating arrays for acute use in peripheral nerves. Fibers were aligned using an alignment tool that was 3D-printed with sub-micron resolution using direct laser writing. Indium deposition on the carbon fibers provided a robust and reliable method of electrical connection to the polyimide traces. Spontaneous action potentials and stimulation-evoked compound responses with SNR > 10 and > 120, respectively, were recorded from a small (125 μm) peripheral nerve. We also improved the typically poor charge injection capacity of small diameter carbon fibers can be improved by electrodepositing 100 nm thick iridium oxide films, making the carbon fiber arrays suitable for electrical stimulation as well as recording.
Interactive Visual Exploration and Refinement of Cluster Assignments
Authors: Kern Michael , Lex Alexander , Gehlenborg Nils , Johnson Chris R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWith ever-increasing amounts of data produced in biology research, scientists are in need of efficient data analysis methods. Cluster analysis, combined with visualization of the results, is one such method that can be used to make sense of large data volumes. At the same time, cluster analysis is known to be imperfect and depends on the choice of algorithms, parameters, and distance measures. Most clustering algorithms don’t properly account for ambiguity in the source data, as records are often assigned to discrete clusters, even if an assignment is unclear. While there are metrics and visualization techniques that allow analysts to compare clusterings or to judge cluster quality, there is no comprehensive method that allows analysts to evaluate, compare, and refine cluster assignments based on the source data, derived scores, and contextual data.ResultsIn this paper, we introduce a method that explicitly visualizes the quality of cluster assignments, allows comparisons of clustering results and enables analysts to manually curate and refine cluster assignments. Our methods are applicable to matrix data clustered with partitional, hierarchical, and fuzzy clustering algorithms. Furthermore, we enable analysts to explore clustering results in context of other data, for example, to observe whether a clustering of genomic data results in a meaningful differentiation in phenotypes.ConclusionsOur methods are integrated into Caleydo StratomeX, a popular, web-based, disease subtype analysis tool. We show in a usage scenario that our approach can reveal ambiguities in cluster assignments and produce improved clusterings that better differentiate genotypes and phenotypes.
Multimodal neural correlates of cognitive control in the Human Connectome Project
Authors: Lerman-Sinkoff Dov B. , Sui Jing , Rachakonda Srinivas , Kandala Sridhar , Calhoun Vince D. , Barch Deanna M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCognitive control is a construct that refers to the set of functions that enable decisionmaking and task performance through the representation of task states, goals, and rules. The neural correlates of cognitive control have been studied in humans using a wide variety of neuroimaging modalities, including structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and task-based fMRI. The results from each of these modalities independently have implicated the involvement of a number of brain regions in cognitive control, including dorsal prefrontal cortex, and frontal parietal and cingulo-opercular brain networks. However, it is not clear how the results from a single modality relate to results in other modalities. Recent developments in multimodal image analysis methods provide an avenue for answering such questions and could yield more integrated models of the neural correlates of cognitive control. In this study, we used multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA) to identify multimodal patterns of variation related to cognitive control. We used two independent cohorts of participants from the Human Connectome Project, each of which had data from four imaging modalities. We replicated the findings from the first cohort in the second cohort using both independent and predictive analyses. The independent analyses identified a component in each cohort that was highly similar to the other and significantly correlated with cognitive control performance. The replication by prediction analyses identified two independent components that were significantly correlated with cognitive control performance in the first cohort and significantly predictive of performance in the second cohort. These components identified positive relationships across the modalities in neural regions related to both dynamic and stable aspects of task control, including regions in both the frontal-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks, as well as regions hypothesized to be modulated by cognitive control signaling, such as visual cortex. Taken together, these results illustrate the potential utility of multi-modal analyses in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive control across different indicators of brain structure and function.
SINAPS: Prediction of microbial traits from marker gene sequences
Authors: Edgar Robert C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicrobial communities are often studied by sequencing marker genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA. Marker gene sequences can be used to assess diversity and taxonomy, but do not directly measure functions arising from other genes in the community metagenome. Such functions can be predicted by algorithms that associate marker genes with experimentally determined traits in well-studied species. Typically, such methods use ancestral state reconstruction. Here I describe SINAPS, a new algorithm that predicts traits for marker gene sequences using a fast, simple word-counting algorithm that does not require alignments or trees. A measure of prediction confidence is obtained by bootstrapping. I tested SINAPS predictions from 16S V4 query sequences for traits including energy metabolism, Gram-positive staining, presence of a flagellum, V4 primer mismatches, and 16S copy number. Accuracy was >90% except for copy number, where a large majority of predictions were within +/−2 of the true value.