bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than just snowmelt: integrated watershed science for changing climate and permafrost at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory
Authors: Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa J. 
Published: October 2017

The Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO) was established in 2003 to investigate the hydrological processes and impacts associated with climate and permafrost change in the High Arctic. Comprehensive data collection at the paired watersheds has spanned a period containing both the coldest and warmest melt season conditions, including the recent decade that is the warmest on record. Through this period, the hydrological regime has transitioned from a nival (snowmelt) dominated to increased importance of rainfall runoff and baseflow. This hydrological shift and associated environmental changes have altered the seasonality and magnitude of fluxes. Permafrost degradation has resulted in both localized and catchment‐wide soil and runoff perturbations, broadly increasing solute and nutrient flushing, with more intense sediment and solute impacts where physical disturbances have occurred. The recovery time to perturbations diverges with sedimentary systems responding in approximately 5 years, while dissolved fluxes remaining high due to repeated thermal perturbations. Permafrost carbon in this setting is relatively old and labile, both in particulate and dissolved phases. Permafrost degradation has altered microbial activity in soils, and increased nitrification in disturbed settings, which points to complex biogeochemical responses to climate and permafrost change. Sustained research activity at CBAWO has revealed new complexity in the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of High Arctic watersheds. Long‐term observatories like CBAWO provide critical context to place observations in, especially during periods of change, and are necessary to develop a comprehensive understanding of hydrological change and water security in the region. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1255. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1255This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
On the catabolism of amino acids in the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis and the implications for industrial fermentation processes
Authors: Parente Denise Castro , Cajueiro Danielli Batista Bezerra , Moreno Irina Charlot Peña , Leite Fernanda Cristina Bezerra , De Barros Pita Will , De Morais Marcos Antonio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the last years several reports have reported the capacity of the yeast Dekkera (Brettanomyces) bruxellensis to survive and adapt to the industrial process of alcoholic fermentation. Much of this feature seems to relate to the ability to assimilate limiting sources of nutrients, or somehow some that are inaccessible to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular the sources of nitrogen. Among them, amino acids (AA) are relevant in terms of beverage musts, and could also be important for bioethanol. In view of the limited knowledge on the control of AA, the present work combines physiological and genetic studies to understand how it operates in D. bruxellensis in response to oxygen availibility. The results allowed separation of the AA in three groups of preferentiality and showed that glutamine is the preferred AA irrespective of the presence of oxygen. Glutamate and aspartate were also preferred AA in anaerobiosis, as indicated by the physiological data. Gene expression experiments showed that, apart from the conventional nitrogen catabolic repression mechanism that is operating in aerobiosis, there seems to be an oxygen‐independent mechanism acting to overexpress key genes like GAP1, GDH1, GDH2 and GLT1 to ensure adequate anaerobic growth even in the presence of non‐preferential nitrogen source. This could be of major importance for the industrial fitness of this yeast species.
Preperitoneal Surgical Approach to Treat Vesicoureteral Anastomotic Leakage, Distal Stenosis or Reflux After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Darius Tom , Buemi Antoine , Coubeau Laurent , Kanaan Nada , Goffette Pierre , Mourad Michel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIf endourological approaches are not applicable to treat vesicoureteral anastomotic complications after kidney transplantation, the surgical gold standard in many transplant centers is pyeloureterostomy or ureteroureterostomy using the native ureter. We report an original preperitoneal technique that can be used for vesicoureteral reanastomosis in kidney transplant recipients not eligible for endourological treatment.MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2015, 18 kidney transplant recipients underwent this new surgical procedure. Of this number, 15 subjects with at least 1 year of follow‐up were included in the analysis. The indications were vesicoureteral reflux, anastomotic stenosis, and leakage in 8, 5, and 2 patients, respectively. Briefly, a double J stent was preoperatively inserted into the grafted ureter. Surgery was performed through a Pfannenstiel incision. The preperitoneal space surrounding the bladder was dissected and the distal part of the grafted ureter was identified and mobilized. The anastomotic area was resected and another vesicoureteral anastomosis was performed (Lich–Gregoir technique), keeping the JJ stent in place for three weeks.ResultsThis procedure was performed 213 days (range 17–2608) after kidney transplantation. Median surgical duration was 179 minutes (range 112–314) and median hospital stay 8 days (range 4–14). The success rate was 86.7% (13/15), with a median follow‐up of 1148 days (range 517–1808). In two patients, symptomatic recurrence of vesicoureteral reflux required a pyeloureterostomy using the native ureter.ConclusionsThe authors describe a simple technique that avoids transperitoneal dissection, potentially yielding more esthetic results thanks to easy access, as well as excellent outcomes.
Predictors and Time‐Based Hospital Mortality in Patients with Isolated and Polytrauma Brain Injuries
Authors: El‐Menyar Ayman , Consunji Rafael , Abdelrahman Husham , Latifi Rifat , Wahlen Bianca M. , Al‐Thani Hassan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We studied the predictors and time‐based mortality in patients with isolated and polytrauma brain injuries in a rapidly developing country. We hypothesized that TBI‐related 30‐day mortality is decreasing over time.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI who were admitted directly to a level 1 trauma center between 2010 and 2014. Patient’s data were analyzed and compared according to survival (survived vs. not survived), time (early death [2 days], intermediate [3–7 days] versus late [>7 days]) post‐injury, and type (polytrauma vs. isolated TBI). Cox proportional hazards models were performed for the predictors of mortality.ResultsA total of 810 patients were admitted with moderate‐to‐severe TBI with a median age of 27 years. Traffic‐related injury was the main mechanism of TBI (65%). Isolated TBIs represented 22.6% of cases and 56% had head AIS >3. The overall mortality rate was 27%, and most of deaths occurred in the intermediate (40%) and early period (38%). The incidence of TBI was greater in patients aged 21–30 years but the mortality was proportionately higher among elderly. The average annual incidence was 8.43 per 100,000 population with an overall mortality of 2.28 per 100,000 population. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that polytrauma had greater mortality than isolated TBI. However, Cox survival analysis showed that age [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.02], scene GCS (HR 0.86),subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR 1.7), and blood transfusion amount (HR 1.03) were the predictors of mortality regardless of being polytrauma or isolated TBI after controlling for 14 relevant covariates.ConclusionsThe 30‐day survival in patients with TBI is improving over the years in Qatar; however, the mortality remains high in the elderly males. The majority of deaths occurred within a week after the injury. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term survival in patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI.
Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review
Authors: Klein Stephen A. , Hall Alex , Norris Joel R. , Pincus Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe response to warming of tropical low-level clouds including both marine stratocumulus and trade cumulus is a major source of uncertainty in projections of future climate. Climate model simulations of the response vary widely, reflecting the difficulty the models have in simulating these clouds. These inadequacies have led to alternative approaches to predict low-cloud feedbacks. Here, we review an observational approach that relies on the assumption that observed relationships between low clouds and the “cloud-controlling factors” of the large-scale environment are invariant across time-scales. With this assumption, and given predictions of how the cloud-controlling factors change with climate warming, one can predict low-cloud feedbacks without using any model simulation of low clouds. We discuss both fundamental and implementation issues with this approach and suggest steps that could reduce uncertainty in the predicted low-cloud feedback. Recent studies using this approach predict that the tropical low-cloud feedback is positive mainly due to the observation that reflection of solar radiation by low clouds decreases as temperature increases, holding all other cloud-controlling factors fixed. The positive feedback from temperature is partially offset by a negative feedback from the tendency for the inversion strength to increase in a warming world, with other cloud-controlling factors playing a smaller role. A consensus estimate from these studies for the contribution of tropical low clouds to the global mean cloud feedback is 0.25 ± 0.18 W m−2 K−1 (90% confidence interval), suggesting it is very unlikely that tropical low clouds reduce total global cloud feedback. Because the prediction of positive tropical low-cloud feedback with this approach is consistent with independent evidence from low-cloud feedback studies using high-resolution cloud models, progress is being made in reducing this key climate uncertainty.
Difference between the transpiration rates of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests in a subtropical climate in Taiwan
Authors: Laplace Sophie , Komatsu Hikaru , Tseng Han , Kume Tomonori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBamboo forests have been expanding rapidly in Asian countries for the past 50 years. Whether natural or artificial, this expansion involves the replacement of other vegetation types by bamboo, which could impact the local water cycle. Previous studies in Japan have reported that bamboo forests have higher transpiration than coniferous forests under temperate climates, but it is unknown whether this finding applies to subtropical climates. Thus, we examined whether a Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest exhibits higher transpiration in a subtropical climate. We used the sap‐flux method to estimate the stand transpiration (E) of Moso bamboo and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests in Taiwan. As was observed in the Japanese studies, annual E for bamboo (478 mm) was higher than that for cedar (122 mm), although we found a difference in the seasonality of E between the Taiwanese and Japanese sites. Canopy conductance (Gc) for bamboo was higher than that for cedar in Taiwan, which was reported previously for Japan. Gc for bamboo in Taiwan was comparable to that in Japan, despite a difference in the leaf area index (LAI). Gc for cedar in Taiwan was lower than that in Japan. This difference in Gc between Taiwan and Japan corresponded to differences in the sapwood area and LAI. These findings suggest a significant change in E and, therefore, the terrestrial water and carbon cycle, regardless of different climates, when Japanese cedar forests are replaced by Moso bamboo forests.
Influence of Temperature Stress on Lipid Stability of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) Muscle During Frozen Storage
Authors: Dang Huong Thi Thu , Gudjónsdóttir María , Karlsdóttir Magnea G. , Van Nguyen Minh , Romotowska Paulina E. , Tómasson Tumi , Arason Sigurjon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnstable conditions are commonly encountered during industrial storage and transportation of frozen fish. Temperature stress and fluctuations may increase the amount of unfrozen water in the muscle and enzymatic activity and lipid oxidation can thus still take place during frozen storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of characteristics of different muscle types of herring at unstable modelled conditions during storage and transportation. Compositional changes, lipid oxidation and lipid hydrolysis were monitored in light and dark muscle of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), during frozen storage, as affected by temperature stress (samples were stored at − 25 °C for 2 months, then stressed at − 12 °C for 1 month, followed by storage at a stable − 25 °C for the remaining storage duration), and compared to samples stored at a stable − 25 °C for 14 months. The dark muscle was more sensitive to lipid oxidation than the light muscle, leading to faster degradation. Increased lipid oxidation and lipid hydrolysis were observed in temperature‐stressed samples of both muscle types. The study demonstrated the importance of avoiding temperature stress during industrial frozen storage and transportation to improve the quality and shelf life of frozen herring products. Removal of dark muscle by deep skinning could benefit both processors and customers regarding the shelf life and nutritional value of the light herring muscle.
The diagnosis of microorganism involved in infective endocarditis (IE) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR: A systematic review
Authors: Faraji Reza , Behjati‐Ardakani Mostafa , Moshtaghioun Seyed Mohammad , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Soltani Mohammadhossien , Emami Mahmood , Zandi Hengameh , Firoozabadi Ali Dehghani , Kazeminasab Mahmood , Ahmadi Nastaran , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBroad‐range bacterial rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing may be identified as the etiology of infective endocarditis (IE) from surgically removed valve tissue; therefore, we reviewed the value of molecular testing in identifying organisms' DNA in the studies conducted until 2016. We searched Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, PubMed, and Medline electronic databases without any time limitations up to December 2016 for English studies reporting microorganisms involved in infective endocarditis microbiology using PCR and real‐time PCR. Most studies were prospective. Eleven out of 12 studies used valve tissue samples and blood cultures while only 1 study used whole blood. Also, 10 studies used the molecular method of PCR while 2 studies used real‐time PCR. Most studies used 16S rDNA gene as the target gene. The bacteria were identified as the most common microorganisms involved in infective endocarditis. Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were, by far, the most predominant bacteria detected. In all studies, PCR and real‐time PCR identified more pathogens than blood and tissue cultures; moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR and real‐time PCR were more than cultures in most of the studies. The highest sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 100%, respectively. The gram positive bacteria were the most frequent cause of infective endocarditis. The molecular methods enjoy a greater sensitivity compared to the conventional blood culture methods; yet, they are applicable only to the valve tissue of the patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery.
Knowledge of the Avalanche Victim Resuscitation Checklist and Utility of a Standardized Lecture in Italy
Authors: Strapazzon Giacomo , Migliaccio Daniel , Fontana Diego , Stawinoga Agnieszka Elzbieta , Milani Mario , Brugger Hermann 
Published: October 2017

Introduction To explore baseline knowledge about avalanche guidelines and the Avalanche Victim Resuscitation Checklist (AVReCh) in Italy and the knowledge acquisition from a standardized lecture. Methods Standardized lecture material discussing AVReCh was presented during 8 mountain medicine courses from November 2014 to April 2016 in different regions of Italy. To determine the knowledge acquisition from the lecture, a pre- and postlecture survey was utilized. Results A total of 193 surveys were analyzed. More than 50% of the participants had never participated in lectures/courses on avalanche guidelines, and less than 50% of the participants knew about the AVReCh before the lecture. The correct temporal sequence of reportable information in the basic life support section of the AVReCh was selected by 40% of the participants before the lecture and by 75% after the lecture ( P<0.001). Within subgroups analysis, most groups saw significant improvement in performance ( P<0.05). The selection of the correct burial time increased from 36 to 84% ( P<0.05). Conclusions Health care providers and mountain rescue personnel are not widely aware of avalanche guidelines. The standardized lecture significantly improved knowledge of the principles of avalanche management related to core AVReCh elements. However, the effect that this knowledge acquisition has on avalanche victim survival or adherence to the AVReCh in the field is yet to be determined.
Provider Role in Transmission of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Grabowski Marika E. , Kang Hyojung , Wells Kristen M. , Sifri Costi D. , Mathers Amy J. , Lobo Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVEWe sought to evaluate the role healthcare providers play in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) acquisition among hospitalized patients.DESIGNA 1:4 case-control study with incidence density sampling.SETTINGAcademic healthcare center with regular CRE perirectal screening in high-risk units.PATIENTSWe included case patients with ≥1 negative CRE test followed by positive culture with a length of stay (LOS) >9 days. For controls, we included patients with ≥2 negative CRE tests and assignment to the same unit set as case patients with a LOS >9 days.METHODSControls were time-matched to each case patient. Case exposure was evaluated between days 2 and 9 before positive culture and control evaluation was based on maximizing overlap with the case window. Exposure sources were all CRE-colonized or -infected patients. Nonphysician providers were compared between study patients and sources during their evaluation windows. Dichotomous and continuous exposures were developed from the number of source-shared providers and were used in univariate and multivariate regression.RESULTSIn total, 121 cases and 484 controls were included. Multivariate analysis showed odds of dichotomous exposure (≥1 source-shared provider) of 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–4.15; P=.006) for case patients compared to controls. Multivariate continuous exposure showed odds of 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.03; P=.009) for case patients compared to controls.CONCLUSIONSPatients who acquire CRE during hospitalization are more likely to receive care from a provider caring for a patient with CRE than those patients who do not acquire CRE. These data support the importance of hand hygiene and cohorting measures for CRE patients to reduce transmission risk.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1329–1334
The Taipan Galaxy Survey: Scientific Goals and Observing Strategy
Authors: da Cunha Elisabete , Hopkins Andrew M. , Colless Matthew , Taylor Edward N. , Blake Chris , Howlett Cullan , Magoulas Christina , Lucey John R. , Lagos Claudia , Kuehn Kyler , Gordon Yjan , Barat Dilyar , Bian Fuyan , Wolf Christian , Cowley Michael J. , White Marc , Achitouv Ixandra , Bilicki Maciej , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bolejko Krzysztof , Brown Michael J. I. , Brown Rebecca , Bryant Julia , Croom Scott , Davis Tamara M. , Driver Simon P. , Filipovic Miroslav D. , Hinton Samuel R. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Jones D. Heath , Koribalski Bärbel , Kleiner Dane , Lawrence Jon , Lorente Nuria , Mould Jeremy , Owers Matt S. , Pimbblet Kevin , Tinney C. G. , Tothill Nicholas F. H. , Watson Fred 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Taipan galaxy survey (hereafter simply ‘Taipan’) is a multi-object spectroscopic survey starting in 2017 that will cover 2π steradians over the southern sky (δ ≲ 10°, |b| ≳ 10°), and obtain optical spectra for about two million galaxies out to z < 0.4. Taipan will use the newly refurbished 1.2-m UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory with the new TAIPAN instrument, which includes an innovative ‘Starbugs’ positioning system capable of rapidly and simultaneously deploying up to 150 spectroscopic fibres (and up to 300 with a proposed upgrade) over the 6° diameter focal plane, and a purpose-built spectrograph operating in the range from 370 to 870 nm with resolving power R ≳ 2000. The main scientific goals of Taipan are (i) to measure the distance scale of the Universe (primarily governed by the local expansion rate, H0) to 1% precision, and the growth rate of structure to 5%; (ii) to make the most extensive map yet constructed of the total mass distribution and motions in the local Universe, using peculiar velocities based on improved Fundamental Plane distances, which will enable sensitive tests of gravitational physics; and (iii) to deliver a legacy sample of low-redshift galaxies as a unique laboratory for studying galaxy evolution as a function of dark matter halo and stellar mass and environment. The final survey, which will be completed within 5 yrs, will consist of a complete magnitude-limited sample (i ⩽ 17) of about 1.2 × 106 galaxies supplemented by an extension to higher redshifts and fainter magnitudes (i ⩽ 18.1) of a luminous red galaxy sample of about 0.8 × 106 galaxies. Observations and data processing will be carried out remotely and in a fully automated way, using a purpose-built automated ‘virtual observer’ software and an automated data reduction pipeline. The Taipan survey is deliberately designed to maximise its legacy value by complementing and enhancing current and planned surveys of the southern sky at wavelengths from the optical to the radio; it will become the primary redshift and optical spectroscopic reference catalogue for the local extragalactic Universe in the southern sky for the coming decade.
Late Quaternary fluvial dynamics and landscape evolution at the lower Shulaveris Ghele River (southern Caucasus)
Authors: von Suchodoletz Hans , Faust Dominik 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe southern Caucasus was intensively settled through the Neolithic period to present. Studies of late Quaternary fluvial dynamics and landscape development at the lower Shulaveris Ghele River in southeastern Georgia aid understanding of the Quaternary history of this region. Our studies show that following river aggradation to form a fan-shaped alluvial surface during the late Pleistocene, fluvial sedimentation shifted west, leaving a fan surface subject only to local fluvial and colluvial processes as well as late Neolithic settlement. At about 6 ka, the river avulsed to the east and eroded some late Neolithic settlements occupying the eastern portion of the fan. The avulsion was followed by 3 distinct episodes of aggradation at about 6 ka, 3–2 ka, and since 1.0 ka. No such aggradation is evident in the early Holocene. Regional Holocene fluvial activity in this area was apparently influenced by vegetation dynamics, possibly controlled by regional climatic and/or anthropogenic factors, and significantly differs from the eastern Mediterranean region. All late Neolithic settlements were originally built far from an active river, possibly indicating late Neolithic water management systems.