bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification and Management of Rhizoctonia Fragariae the Pathogen of Black Root Rot of Strawberry Plant
Authors: Aziz Brwa A. , Marzani Qasim A. 
Published: June 2017

Strawberry plants are susceptible to a large number of pests and diseases and this can affect the quality and yield value of the fruit. Black root rot is an important disease of strawberry caused by a complex of fungi including Rhizoctonia. The most recognizable species of Rhizoctonia are R. solani and R. fragariae which are multinucleate and binucleate species, respectively. This work is aimed to isolate, identify and control the strawberry root rot caused by R. fragariae. Infected strawberry samples were collected from Erbil, Slemani, Duhok and Garmiyan Provinces. The identification of isolated fungi was achieved by using traditional methods along with molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the later method, specific primers were designed and used to identify Rhizoctonia species. Several disease management options, including biological by using two species of Trichoderma, and chemical methods using Pristine fungicide, were also investigated. Sampling of strawberry plants revealed that the disease is prevalent in Kurdistan region and the isolated fungi, R. solani, Rhizoctonia sp., and R. fragariae, were pathogens of the disease causing crown and root rot of strawberry. PCR amplification was confirmed the identification of the species of Rhizoctonia. The results of control methods revealed that the most effective treatments were achieved using the fungicide followed by the use of the combination of T. harzianum and T. viride.
Molecular Identification of Three Stored Product Insect Species on Dried Fruits and Their Control with the Use of Some Aqueous Plant Extracts
Authors: Khidr Sahand K. , Agha Waran N.A. , Amin Adil H. 
Published: June 2017

Mortality of three insects; red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst), khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) and sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)) were evaluated via some aqueous plant extracts. The identification of three examined insects was carried out via designing specific primers for each aforementioned species with the use of PCR technique. The toxicity of aqueous plant extracts; eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh), mint (Mentha canadensis L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) at three dosages (12500, 25000 and 50000) ppm for 1, 2, 3 and 7 days were tested for their insecticidal activity against examined adults on dried fruits. Percentage mortality of insect was increased with an increase of doses and exposure times, whereas, not influenced significantly by the fruit types. T. castaneum was the most susceptible species, followed by T. granarium and O. surinamensis. Likewise, LC50 values were (3887.25, 10816.34 & 22763.48) on red flour, khapra & sawtoothed grain beetles respectively via using eucalyptus aqueous extract after 7 days on black raisin. While, higher doses required in order to kill fifty percentage of the population via myrtle aqueous extract and thus the LC50 values increased to (14726.86, 18421.43 & 39016.78) on the three aforementioned species respectively.
Evaluation der Intra- und Inter observerübereinstimmung von99mTc-MIBI-Szintigraphien bei hypofunktionellen Knoten
Authors: Happel Christian , Ackermann Hanns , Grünwald Frank , Baumgarten Justus 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungZiele: Neben der Feinnadelpunktion ist die Szintigraphie mit Tc99m-Sestamibi (99mTc-MI- BI) ein ergänzendes Diagnostikum bei der Beurteilung von hypofunktionellen Knoten. Um die Frage nach der Verlässlichkeit dieses Diag- nostikums zu beantworten, wurde in dieser Studie die Intra- und Interobserverüberein- stimmung bei der Beurteilung hypofunktioneller Knoten von99mTc-MIBI-Szintigrammen bestimmt.Methoden: In eine retrospektive Stu die wurden 284 Patienten (16-85 Jahre, 194 w, 90 m) mit mindestens einem hypofunktionellen Knoten, einer Szintigraphie mit Tech- netium-99m-Pertechnetat und mindestens einer Szintigraphie mit99mTc-MIBI eingeschlossen. Acht Nuklearmediziner beurteilten die Szintigramme an zwei Terminen und wurden per Fragebogen angewiesen, die Kombination der Bilder als „match”, „mismatch” oder „unentschieden” einzustufen. Zudem wurde jeweils abgefragt, ob die Früh- oder die Spätaufnahme der99mTc-MIBI-Szintigra- phie besser verwertbar war oder ob kein Unterschied bestand.Ergebnisse: Die Intraob- serverübereinstimmung reichte von κ = 0,56 (mittelmäßig) bis κ = 0,78 (überzeugend). Die Interobserverübereinstimmung lag bei κ=0,44 und κ=0,53 (mittelmäßig). Die In- terobserverübereinstimmung von Untersuchern mit mehr als 5 Jahren Berufserfahrung in der Nuklearmedizin lag bei κ = 0,61 und κ = 0,70 (überzeugend), mit 2-5 Jahren bei κ=0,53 (mittelmäßig) und κ=0,61 (überzeugend), und mit weniger als 2 Jahren bei κ=0,47 (mittelmäßig) und κ=0,61 (überzeugend). In 26 % der Fälle in Sitzung 1 bzw. 20 % in Sitzung 2 wurde die Frühaufnahme als besser verwertbar eingestuft, in 4 bzw. 3 % die Spätaufnahme und in 70 bzw. 77 % „kein Unterschied”.Schlussfolgerung: Die Werte der Interobserverübereinstimmung aller acht Untersucher zeigen, dass die Beurteilung der99mTc-MIBI-Szintigramme einer gewissen Varianz unterliegen kann. Somit sollten diese von einem Untersucher mit mindestens 5 Jahren Berufserfahrung abschließend beurteilt werden. Berufsanfänger benötigen mehr Zeit zur Beurteilung von99mTc-MIBI- Szintigrammen als Erfahrene und sollten Rücksprache halten.
The East Asian origin of the giant lobelias
Authors: Knox Eric B. , Li Chunjiao 
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Rapid radiations are difficult to reconstruct when organismal diversification and biogeographic movement outpace the evolution of genes typically used in phylogenetic analyses. The 125 kb of unique sequence from complete plastid genomes (= plastomes) largely solves the molecular sampling problem, and taxon sampling that triangulates the base of each major subclade largely solves the long‐branch attraction problem. This combination of molecular and phylogenetic sampling is used to reconstruct the cosmopolitan radiation of lobeliads, with special focus on the origin of the giant lobelias.METHODS:An alignment of 18 previously generated and 61 new plastomes was analyzed to produce the phylogenetic estimate upon which the biogeographic reconstruction was based.KEY RESULTS:Originating in southern Africa, the Lobeliaceae underwent a spectacular cosmopolitan radiation about 20 million years ago. One lineage colonized Madagascar and eastern Asia, which was the source area for the evolution of the giant lobelias. A second lineage colonized the Mediterranean and North America, in quick succession. South America and Australia were also colonized from South Africa, most likely as independent events, but detailed biogeographic reconstruction is limited by inferred extinction events. The south Pacific segregate genera Apetahia and Sclerotheca are inferred to have Hawaiian ancestry. The East African radiation independently reached Ethiopia, West Africa, and Brazil.CONCLUSIONS:With adequate molecular and taxon sampling, many details of rapid radiations can be accurately inferred. However, not all lineages survived, and analyses of extant species cannot recover details that have been lost due to extinction.
Recently Quenched Galaxies at z = 0.2–4.8 in the COSMOS UltraVISTA Field
Authors: Ichikawa Akie , Matsuoka Yoshiki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present a new analysis of the stellar mass function and morphology of recently quenched galaxies (RQGs), whose star formation has been recently quenched for some reason. The COSMOS2015 catalog was exploited to select those galaxies at 0.2 < z < 4.8, over 1.5 deg2 of the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) UltraVISTA field. This is the first time that RQGs are consistently selected and studied in such a wide range of redshift. We find increasing number density of RQGs with time in a broad mass range at z > 1, while low-mass RQGs start to grow very rapidly at z < 1. We also demonstrate that the migration of RQGs may largely drive the evolution of the stellar mass function of passive galaxies. Moreover, we find that the morphological type distribution of RQGs are intermediate between those of star-forming and passive galaxies. These results indicate that RQGs represent a major transitional phase of galaxy evolution, in which star-forming galaxies turn into passive galaxies, accompanied by the build up of spheroidal component.
Émergence et ré-émergence de deux dangers sanitaires de catégorie 1 en France (FCO) et à Maurice (FA)
Authors: Zientara Stéphan , Sailleau Corinne , Bréard Emmanuel , Vitour Damien , Viarouge Cyril , Belbis Guillaume , Gorna Kamila , Relmy Anthony , Romey Aurore , Blaise-Boisseau Sandra , Cardinale Éric , Bakkali Kassimi Labib 
Published: June 2017

Emergence and re-emergence of two major diseases in France (bluetongue) and in Mauritius (foot-and-mouth).
The emergence of Bluetongue (BT) in continental France (caused by virus of serotype 8 (BTV-8) in 2006 and virus of serotype 1 (BTV-1) in 2007) was a total surprise. End of 2012, six years after the introduction of BT, France was declared free from this disease. However, at the end of August 2015, the BTV-8 made its reappearance in the center of France. In 2016, our laboratory re-isolated this virus. In Corsica, a virus of serotype 4 was identified on 1st December 2016 from sheep samples. On another hand, in 2016, we identified a virus of Foot-and-Mouth disease serotype O in Mauritius. This presentation will describe the conditions of the detection of these viruses as well as the results of phylogenetic analyzes.
La nosémose des abeilles : chronique de sa disparition prochaine en France
Authors: Roy Christophe , L'Hostis Monique 
Published: June 2017

Nosemosis of honeybees : chronicle of a disappearance in France.
Type-A nosemosis, caused by Nosema apis, is a disease of the Honeybee classified as a notifiable disease in France. Recent epidemioclinic data indicate a marked decrease in its incidence to the point that this endemic disease could now be requalified as sporadic. At the same time, new analytical techniques have shown that the causal agent has recently cohabited with a new species of Asian origin, Nosema ceranae. These two species, with close morphological and biological characteristics, cohabit the same ecological niche : the enterocytes of the ventricle of adult bees. The emerging Nosema ceranae, whose infection is rather asymptomatic, is now becoming predominant. Globalization of bee trade, environmental changes, can be critical factors to the introduction of new pests. The progressive disappearance of nosemosis in France is an example of the complexity of host-parasite relationships as well as our inability to predict the emergence of exotic organisms.
Posthuman Critical Theory
Authors: Braidotti Rosi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article argues the case for posthuman critical theory within the context of the Anthropocene, as both the convergence of posthumanist and postanthropocentric discourses and their development in a qualitatively new and more complex direction. By adopting a cartographic approach to the posthuman, the article surveys recent scholarly production in the field and argues for the need to rethink subjectivity as a collective assemblage that encompasses human and nonhuman actors, technological mediation, animals, plants, and the planet as a whole. Resting on a monistic ontology drawn from critical Spinozism and Deleuzian vital materialism, the article makes the case for posthuman ethics as the expression of affirmative compositions of transversal, multiple, and collective practices of becoming-posthuman.
A Practical Guide to Posthumans
Authors: Warwick Kevin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
In this article, different types of posthuman experimentation are described, including biohacking implants (of one sort or another) and neural implants. Actual practical results are presented for discussion, as opposed to mere theoretical or philosophical concepts. The possible impact and potential effect of such realizations are also considered. Based on these techniques, some realistic future scenarios involving the capabilities of posthumans, over and above those of normal humans (as we know them today), are discussed in terms of the implants introduced. These include extended/extra sensory input, nervous systems extended over networks, and communication by thought.
Fast Identification of 1,3-Dimethylamylamine Using Direct Analysis in Real Time-QToF-MS
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Smillie Troy J , Wang Yan-Hong , Zweigenbaum Jerry , ElSohly Mahmoud A , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The central nervous system stimulant 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) has been found in preworkout products and dietary supplements. A fast direct analysis in real time-quadrupole time of flight-MS method was used for identification of DMAA in dietary supplements and to determine if this compound is present in geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) plants or oil. This method involved the use of [M+H]+ ions in the positive mode based on the exact mass of DMAA. The results of this investigation showed that DMAA was not detected from authentic samples of P. graveolens plant material or pelargonium oil or in multiple samples of commercially available pelargonium oil. DMAA was detected in three samples of dietary supplements. The LOD of DMAA was found to be 10 ng/mL.
Validation of the NeoFilm for Yeast and Mold Method for Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Select Foods
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Alles Susan , Le Quynh-Nhi , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
NeoFilm Yeast and Mold (Y&M), also known as Sanita-kun Yeasts and Molds, is a simple, effective device used for the enumeration of yeasts and molds. It consists of a nonwoven fabric on which a layer of microbial nutrients is deposited in a film. A 1 mL sample homogenate is applied to the membrane and this, in turn, is incubated for 48–72 h at 25°C. Sample homogenates were prepared using two different diluents for customer convenience: phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 0.1% peptone water. In comparative testing of breaded chicken nuggets, dry pet food, orange juice concentrate, yogurt, and cake mix, there were statistically significant differences in the counts obtained by the NeoFilm Y&M and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference culture methods only in the following instances: medium level for orange juice with PBS as diluent and low level for pet food with 0.1% peptone water as diluent, where reference method counts were higher than those of NeoFilm; medium level for cake mix with PBS, and low and medium levels for cake mix with 0.1% peptone water, where NeoFilm produced higher counts than the reference method. In addition to the method comparison study with five matrixes, robustness and stability/lot-to-lot testing were also performed. Results of robustness testing showed no significant effect on results even with perturbation to three assay parameters simultaneously. Results of testing of three lots of devices ranging in age from 2 to 26 months post-manufacture showed no significant differences in performance.
Cellular Light Scattering for the Identification of Bacteria and Its Application to the Identification of Staphylococcus
Authors: Haavig David L , Hollen Kaylagh R , Debruin Abbey E , Lisecki Shelbi R , Shoup Nicole C , Stimac Mickey J H , Treloar Anthony M , Jodoin Zachary N , Bohm Margaret S , Sharp Josh S 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Rapid identification of bacteria is critical in clinical and food safety applications. This paper describes a novel instrument and data analysis method for identifying bacteria based on the measurement of laser light scattering as the beam interacts with bacterial cells suspended in water. A description of the technology is followed by an identification performance study for a set of strains from the genus Staphylococcus (the inclusive target organisms) and a set of non-Staphylococcus strains (the exclusive organisms). Staphylococcus and non-Staphylococcus cells were grown on sheep blood agar (SBA), tryptic soy agar, brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, or Luria–Bertani (LB) agar and identified based on how cells scattered light. Bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus grown on solid media were correctly identified more than 92% of the time. To determine whether the system could also identify bacteria grown in liquid culture, six different Staphylococcus strains and six different non-Staphylococcus strains were grown in tryptic soy broth, BHI broth, or LB broth. This system accurately identified all targeted Staphylococcus samples tested, and no misidentifications occurred. A single-blind identification experiment was also performed on human clinical isolates obtained from the Upper Peninsula Health System. Ninety blind-coded clinical bacterial isolates on SBA were tested to determine whether they were from the genus Staphylococcus. All Staphylococcus were accurately identified, and no misidentifications occurred. This study demonstrated the proof of concept of a novel system that can rapidly and accurately identify bacteria from pure culture based on cellular light-scattering properties.
Modeling of temporal variation of very low frequency radio waves over long paths as observed from Indian Antarctic stations
Authors: Sasmal Sudipta , Basak Tamal , Chakraborty Suman , Palit Sourav , Chakrabarti Sandip K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCharacteristics of very low frequency (VLF) signal depends on solar illumination across the propagation path. For a long path, solar zenith angle varies widely over the path and this has a significant influence on the propagation characteristics. To study the effect, Indian Centre for Space Physics participated in the 27th and 35th Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. VLF signals transmitted from the transmitters, namely, VTX (18.2 kHz), Vijayanarayanam, India, and NWC (19.8 kHz), North West Cape, Australia, were recorded simultaneously at Indian permanent stations Maitri and Bharati having respective geographic coordinates 70.75°S, 11.67°E, and 69.4°S, 76.17°E. A very stable diurnal variation of the signal has been obtained from both the stations. We reproduced the signal variations of VLF signal using solar zenith angle model coupled with long wavelength propagation capability (LWPC) code. We divided the whole path into several segments and computed the solar zenith angle (χ) profile. We assumed a linear relationship between the Wait's exponential model parameters effective reflection height (
), steepness parameter (β), and solar zenith angle. The
and β values were later used in the LWPC code to obtain the VLF signal amplitude at a particular time. The same procedure was repeated to obtain the whole day signal. Nature of the whole day signal variation from the theoretical modeling is also found to match with our observation to some extent.
The periodic topography of ice stream beds: Insights from the Fourier spectra of mega‐scale glacial lineations
Authors: Spagnolo Matteo , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Clark Chris D. , Stokes Chris R. , Atkinson Nigel , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Ely Jeremy C. , Graham Alastair G. C. , Hogan Kelly A. , King Edward C. , Larter Robert D. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Pritchard Hamish D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIce stream bed topography contains key evidence for the ways ice streams interact with, and are potentially controlled by, their beds. Here we present the first application of two‐dimensional Fourier analysis to 22 marine and terrestrial topographies from 5 regions in Antarctica and Canada, with and without mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGLs). We find that the topography of MSGL‐rich ice stream sedimentary beds is characterized by multiple, periodic wavelengths between 300 and 1200 m and amplitudes from decimeters to a few meters. This periodic topography is consistent with the idea that instability is a key element to the formation of MSGL bedforms. Dominant wavelengths vary among locations and, on one paleo ice stream bed, increase along the direction of ice flow by 1.7 ± 0.52% km−1. We suggest that these changes are likely to reflect pattern evolution via downstream wavelength coarsening, even under potentially steady ice stream geometry and flow conditions. The amplitude of MSGLs is smaller than that of other fluvial and glacial topographies but within the same order of magnitude. However, MSGLs are a striking component of ice stream beds because the topographic amplitude of features not aligned with ice flow is reduced by an order of magnitude relative to those oriented with the flow direction. This study represents the first attempt to automatically derive the spectral signatures of MSGLs. It highlights the plausibility of identifying these landform assemblages using automated techniques and provides a benchmark for numerical models of ice stream flow and subglacial landscape evolution.
The most intense electrical currents in the solar wind: Comparisons between single‐spacecraft measurements and plasma turbulence simulations
Authors: Podesta John J. , Roytershteyn Vadim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional hybrid simulations of solar wind turbulence near the orbit of the Earth are used to investigate the plasma current density over the range of scales from 0.5 proton inertial lengths to hundreds of proton inertial lengths. The data are analyzed along a simulated spacecraft trajectory in order to directly compare the results against single‐spacecraft measurements. The most intense current densities are identified using an amplitude threshold technique and the properties of 5σ events identified in the true current density are compared to the properties of 5σ events identified using a proxy for the current density designed for studies of single‐spacecraft solar wind measurements. The proxy is proportional to the magnitude of the directional derivative of the magnetic field along the spacecraft trajectory. The results from the simulation show that the average properties of 5σ events observed in the proxy are quantitatively similar to those observed in the true current density, properties such as the spatial size of the events, the nearest neighbor distance, and the peak current density of the events. This provides some justification for the use of the proxy for the statistical analysis of solar wind data even though the simulation indicates that the occurrence times of large‐amplitude events in the proxy are not always a reliable indicator of the occurrence times of large‐amplitude events in the true current density. The physical properties of 5σ events in simulated spacecraft data show remarkable quantitative agreement with the properties of 5σ events observed in solar wind data.