bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Plasma Screening Effects for Thermonuclear Reactions in Laser-generated Plasmas
Authors: Wu Yuanbin , Pálffy Adriana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Due to screening effects, nuclear reactions in astrophysical plasmas may behave differently than in the laboratory. The possibility to determine the magnitude of these screening effects in colliding laser-generated plasmas is investigated theoretically, having as a starting point a proposed experimental setup with two laser beams at the Extreme Light Infrastructure facility. A laser pulse interacting with a solid target produces a plasma through the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration scheme, and this rapidly streaming plasma (ion flow) impacts a secondary plasma created by the interaction of a second laser pulse on a gas jet target. We model this scenario here and calculate the reaction events for the astrophysically relevant reaction 13C(4He, n)16O. We find that it should be experimentally possible to determine the plasma screening enhancement factor for fusion reactions by detecting the difference in reaction events between two scenarios of ion flow interacting with the plasma target and a simple gas target. This provides a way to evaluate nuclear reaction cross-sections in stellar environments and can significantly advance the field of nuclear astrophysics.
Relative Orbit Orientation in Several Resolved Multiple Systems
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Latham David W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This work extends the still modest number of multiple stars with known relative orbit orientation. Accurate astrometry and radial velocities are used jointly to compute or update outer and inner orbits in three nearby triple systems, HIP 101955 (orbital periods 38.68 and 2.51 years), HIP 103987 (19.20 and 1.035 years), HIP 111805 (30.13 and 1.50 years), and in one quadruple system, HIP 2643 (periods 70.3, 4.85, and 0.276 years), all composed of solar-type stars. The masses are estimated from the absolute magnitudes and checked using the orbits. The ratios of outer to inner periods (from 14 to 20) and the eccentricities of the outer orbits are moderate. These systems are dynamically stable, but not very far from the stability limit. In three systems, all orbits are approximately coplanar and have small eccentricity, while in HIP 101955 the inner orbit with e = 0.6 is highly inclined.
Validation of Spherical Born Approximation Sensitivity Functions for Measuring Deep Solar Meridional Flow
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Roth Markus , Jackiewicz Jason , Kholikov Shukur 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Accurate measurements of deep solar meridional flow are of vital interest for understanding the solar dynamo. In this paper, we validate a recently developed method for obtaining sensitivity functions (kernels) for travel-time measurements to solar interior flows using the Born approximation in spherical geometry, which is expected to be more accurate than the classical ray approximation. Furthermore, we develop a numerical approach to efficiently compute a large number of kernels based on the separability of the eigenfunctions into their horizontal and radial dependence. The validation is performed using a hydrodynamic simulation of linear wave propagation in the Sun, which includes a standard single-cell meridional flow profile. We show that, using the Born approximation, it is possible to accurately model observational quantities relevant for time–distance helioseismology such as the mean power spectrum, disk-averaged cross-covariance functions, and travel times in the presence of a flow field. In order to closely match the model to observations, we show that it is beneficial to use mode frequencies and damping rates that were extracted from the measured power spectrum. Furthermore, the contribution of the radial flow to the total travel time is found to reach 20% of the contribution of the horizontal flow at travel distances over 40°. Using the Born kernels and a 2D SOLA inversion of travel times, we can recover most features of the input meridional flow profile. The Born approximation is thus a promising method for inferring large-scale solar interior flows.
Faint Object Detection in Multi-Epoch Observations via Catalog Data Fusion
Authors: Budavári Tamás , Szalay Alexander S. , Loredo Thomas J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Astronomy in the time-domain era faces several new challenges. One of them is the efficient use of observations obtained at multiple epochs. The work presented here addresses faint object detection and describes an incremental strategy for separating real objects from artifacts in ongoing surveys. The idea is to produce low-threshold single-epoch catalogs and to accumulate information across epochs. This is in contrast to more conventional strategies based on co-added or stacked images. We adopt a Bayesian approach, addressing object detection by calculating the marginal likelihoods for hypotheses asserting that there is no object or one object in a small image patch containing at most one cataloged source at each epoch. The object-present hypothesis interprets the sources in a patch at different epochs as arising from a genuine object; the no-object hypothesis interprets candidate sources as spurious, arising from noise peaks. We study the detection probability for constant-flux objects in a Gaussian noise setting, comparing results based on single and stacked exposures to results based on a series of single-epoch catalog summaries. Our procedure amounts to generalized cross-matching: it is the product of a factor accounting for the matching of the estimated fluxes of the candidate sources and a factor accounting for the matching of their estimated directions. We find that probabilistic fusion of multi-epoch catalogs can detect sources with similar sensitivity and selectivity compared to stacking. The probabilistic cross-matching framework underlying our approach plays an important role in maintaining detection sensitivity and points toward generalizations that could accommodate variability and complex object structure.
The Solar Energetic Particle Event of 2010 August 14: Connectivity with the Solar Source Inferred from Multiple Spacecraft Observations and Modeling
Authors: Lario D. , Kwon R.-Y. , Richardson I. G. , Raouafi N. E. , Thompson B. J. , Rosenvinge T. T. von , Mays M. L. , Mäkelä P. A. , Xie H. , Bain H. M. , Zhang M. , Zhao L. , Cane H. V. , Papaioannou A. , Thakur N. , Riley P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We analyze one of the first solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar cycle 24 observed at widely separated spacecraft in order to assess the reliability of models currently used to determine the connectivity between the sources of SEPs at the Sun and spacecraft in the inner heliosphere. This SEP event was observed on 2010 August 14 by near-Earth spacecraft, STEREO-A (∼80° west of Earth) and STEREO-B (∼72° east of Earth). In contrast to near-Earth spacecraft, the footpoints of the nominal magnetic field lines connecting STEREO-A and STEREO-B with the Sun were separated from the region where the parent fast halo coronal mass ejection (CME) originated by ∼88° and ∼47° in longitude, respectively. We discuss the properties of the phenomena associated with this solar eruption. Extreme ultraviolet and white-light images are used to specify the extent of the associated CME-driven coronal shock. We then assess whether the SEPs observed at the three heliospheric locations were accelerated by this shock or whether transport mechanisms in the corona and/or interplanetary space provide an alternative explanation for the arrival of particles at the poorly connected spacecraft. A possible scenario consistent with the observations indicates that the observation of SEPs at STEREO-B and near Earth resulted from particle injection by the CME shock onto the field lines connecting to these spacecraft, whereas SEPs reached STEREO-A mostly via cross-field diffusive transport processes. The successes, limitations, and uncertainties of the methods used to resolve the connection between the acceleration sites of SEPs and the spacecraft are evaluated.
On the diversity and richness of understory bryophytes at Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica
Authors: Norris Daniel , Kraichak Ekaphan , Risk Allen , Lucas Diane , Allard Dorothy , Rosengren Frida , Clark Theresa , Fenton Nicole , Tessler Michael , Phephu Nonkululo , Lennette Evelyne 
Published: March 2017

A survey of the understory bryophytes in the Nectandra Cloud Forest Preserve yielded 1083 specimens distributed among 55 families, represented by 74 genera of mosses, 75 genera of liverworts and 3 of hornworts. We studied and analyzed the bryophytic distribution on six types of substrates: 1) corticolous, 2) epiphyllous, 3) saxicolous, 4) terricolous, 5) aquatic and 6) lignicolous. The richness and composition of bryophyte genera are compared to those of other previous bryophyte surveys from 4 other sites with different oceanic exposures, climatic and geographic conditions in Costa Rica.
This is a report of the first extensive general survey of bryophytes at the Nectandra Reserve, a premontane cloud forest located on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica, an area much less studied compared to the Monteverde cloud forest on the Pacific slope.
Les origines militaires du « miracle économique » japonais : l’essor technologique de Canon et de Seiko des années 1930 aux années 1960
Authors: Donzé Pierre-Yves 
Published: March 2017

Que doit le décollage prodigieux de l’industrie japonaise de l’après-1945 aux efforts d’innovation suscités par la Seconde Guerre mondiale ? À travers l’étude de deux fameuses entreprises des secteurs de la photographie et de l’horlogerie, cet article met en avant le rôle décisif joué par les spécialistes de l’ingénierie de process issus de l’industrie de l’armement et des arsenaux. Rapidement redéployés vers les industries de biens de consommation avec la démilitarisation, ils y ont introduit les méthodes et les procédés de production de masse développés durant la guerre, et ainsi contribué à la rationalisation de l’industrie nippone.
The other visible hand: national security and intellectual property in the United States before World War I
Authors: C. Epstein Katherine 
Published: March 2017

S’appuyant sur l’étude du cas du développement des torpilles, cet article met en évidence et analyse la tension entre les enjeux de sécurité nationale du point de vue de l’État et les intérêts, en matière de propriété intellectuelle, des industriels de la défense aux États-Unis avant la Première Guerre mondiale. Il suggère que cette tension représente une part inexplorée de l’histoire du « privilège du secret d’État », et que sa compréhension peut aboutir à une reconsidération de récits qui dominent l’histoire contemporaine des États-Unis.
Où se situe la prévention spécialisée dans les processus d’identification des jeunes en voie de marginalisation ?
Authors: Chellig Nacime 
Published: March 2017

Faut-il voir autrement la prévention spécialisée ? Suite à l’émergence du phénomène dit de radicalisation, les ouvrages respectifs d’Olivier Roy et de Farhad Kosrokhavar mettent en évidence les représentations franco-centrées rattachées aux manifestations culturo-religieuses des pratiques musulmanes. Voilà pourquoi la prévention spécialisée fait ainsi figure d’épouvantail dans la structuration de ces accompagnements. Cette pratique atypique la rend satellitaire de toutes les autres organisations de l’action sociale basées sur des interventions classiques de la protection de l’enfance.
IL-24 Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas
Authors: Ross Bing X. , Gao Nan , Cui Xinhan , Standiford Theodore J. , Xu Jianjiang , Yu Fu-shin X. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and functions of IL-24 in C57BL/6 mouse corneas in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Among IL-20R cytokines, only IL-24 was induced at both mRNA and protein levels by infection at early time points. The upregulation of IL-24 was dampened by flagellin pretreatment, which protects the corneas from microbial infection. Time course studies revealed bimodal early and later peaks of IL-24 expression, a pattern shared with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 but not IL-1β or IL-6. Silencing of IL-24 enhanced S100A8/A9 expression and suppressed SOCS3, IL-1β, IL-1RN, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression at 6 h postinfection. Downregulation of the IL-24 signaling pathway significantly reduced the severity of keratitis, whereas rIL-24 exacerbated P. aeruginosa–mediated tissue destruction. In vitro, rIL-1β induced the expression of SOCS3, IL-24, IL-1β, and IL-6 in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells. rIL-24, alternatively, stimulated the expression of SOCS3, but not the others. In conclusion, IL-24 promotes P. aeruginosa keratitis through the suppression of early protective mucosal immunity, culminating in increased severity of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
The effect of two different visual presentation modalities on the narratives of mainstream grade 3 children
Authors: Klop Daleen , Engelbrecht Lizanne 
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study investigated whether a dynamic visual presentation method (a soundless animated video presentation) would elicit better narratives than a static visual presentation method (a wordless picture book).Method: Twenty mainstream grade 3 children were randomly assigned to two groups and assessed with one of the visual presentation methods. Narrative performance was measured in terms of micro- and macrostructure variables. Microstructure variables included productivity (total number of words, total number of T-units), syntactic complexity (mean length of T-unit) and lexical diversity measures (number of different words). Macrostructure variables included episodic structure in terms of goal-attempt-outcome (GAO) sequences.Results: Both visual presentation modalities elicited narratives of similar quantity and quality in terms of the micro- and macrostructure variables that were investigated.Conclusion: Animation of picture stimuli did not elicit better narratives than static picture stimuli.
Profile of foreign body ingestion and outcomes of endoscopic management in pediatric population
Authors: Balekuduru Avinash Bhat , Shetty Bhuvan , Dutta Amit , Subbaraj Satyaprakash Bonthala 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a frequent gastrointestinal emergency in pediatric population. Improvement in endoscopic techniques and equipment enables nonsurgical management in most situations. Recent data from India on pediatric FB ingestion have been lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the profile and outcome after endoscopic management of patients <18 years of age presenting with FB ingestion. Patients and Methods: Records of all the children with FB ingestion who had undergone endoscopic removal at our institution during 5 years (2011–2016) were assessed retrospectively. The nature of FB ingested, and success and complication of endoscopic therapy were analyzed. Results: There were 150 pediatric endoscopies during the study period. Of this, 120 (80%) were for removal of ingested FB. Most common (MC) FB was coin (69%). The retrieved FBs were 83 coins, 13 batteries, 5 pins, 4 clips, 2 each of anklets, keys, marbles, and seeds, one each of spoon, blade, spanner, peanut, toe ring, and a pencil. One had trichobezoar. Esophagus was the MC site of location of FB (85/120). FB removal was successful by flexible endoscopy in 97.1%. Four (0.03%) cases were referred for rigid endoscopic/surgical removal by otolaryngologists/ pediatric surgeon. Except for one child developed bronchopneumonia, there was no morbidity or mortality in the study. Conclusion: Endoscopic removal of FB is a safe procedure with excellent outcomes in a specialized gastroenterology unit.
Stability of Traveling Wavefronts for a Two-Component Lattice Dynamical System Arising in Competition Models
Authors: Zhang Guo-Bao , Tian Ge 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study a two-component Lotka–Volterra competition systemon a one-dimensional spatial lattice. By the comparison principle, together with the weighted energy, we prove that the traveling wavefronts with large speed are exponentially asymptotically stable, when the initial perturbation around the traveling wavefronts decays exponentially as j + ct → −∞, where j ∈ , t > 0, but the initial perturbation can be arbitrarily large on other locations. This partially answers an open problem by J.-S. Guo and C.-H.Wu.
A quantification method for heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers and its application on 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene SOA
Authors: Rodigast Maria , Mutzel Anke , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Methylglyoxal forms oligomeric compounds in the atmospheric aqueous particle phase, which could establish a significant contribution to the formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). Thus far, no suitable method for the quantification of methylglyoxal oligomers is available despite the great effort spent for structure elucidation. In the present study a simplified method was developed to quantify heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers as a sum parameter. The method is based on the thermal decomposition of oligomers into methylglyoxal monomers. Formed methylglyoxal monomers were detected using PFBHA (o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride) derivatisation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The method development was focused on the heating time (varied between 15 and 48 h), pH during the heating process (pH  =  1–7), and heating temperature (50, 100 °C). The optimised values of these method parameters are presented. The developed method was applied to quantify heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers formed during the OH-radical oxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) in the Leipzig aerosol chamber (LEipziger AerosolKammer, LEAK). Oligomer formation was investigated as a function of seed particle acidity and relative humidity. A fraction of heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers of up to 8 % in the produced organic particle mass was found, highlighting the importance of those oligomers formed solely by methylglyoxal for SOA formation. Overall, the present study provides a new and suitable method for quantification of heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers in the aqueous particle phase.
A lab in the field: high-frequency analysis of water quality and stable isotopes in stream water and precipitation
Authors: von Freyberg Jana , Studer Bjørn , Kirchner James W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. High-frequency measurements of solutes and isotopes (18O and 2H) in rainfall and streamflow can shed important light on catchment flow pathways and travel times, but the workload and sample storage artifacts involved in collecting, transporting, and analyzing thousands of bottled samples severely constrain catchment studies in which conventional sampling methods are employed. However, recent developments towards more compact and robust analyzers have now made it possible to measure chemistry and water isotopes in the field at sub-hourly frequencies over extended periods. Here, we present laboratory and field tests of a membrane-vaporization continuous water sampler coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer for real-time measurements of δ18O and δ2H combined with a dual-channel ion chromatograph (IC) for the synchronous analysis of major cations and anions. The precision of the isotope analyzer was typically better than 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.17 ‰ for δ2H in 10 min average readings taken at intervals of 30 min. Carryover effects were less than 1.2 % between isotopically contrasting water samples for 30 min sampling intervals, and instrument drift could be corrected through periodic analysis of secondary reference standards. The precision of the ion chromatograph was typically  ∼  0.1–1 ppm or better, with relative standard deviations of  ∼  1 % or better for most major ions in stream water, which is sufficient to detect subtle biogeochemical signals in catchment runoff. We installed the coupled isotope analyzer/IC system in an uninsulated hut next to a stream of a small catchment and analyzed stream water and precipitation samples every 30 min over 28 days. These high-frequency measurements facilitated a detailed comparison of event-water fractions via endmember mixing analysis with both chemical and isotope tracers. For two events with relatively dry antecedent moisture conditions, the event-water fractions were < 21 % based on isotope tracers but were significantly overestimated (40 to 82 %) by the chemical tracers. These observations, coupled with the storm-to-storm patterns in precipitation isotope inputs and the associated stream water isotope response, led to a conceptual hypothesis for runoff generation in the catchment. Under this hypothesis, the pre-event water that is mobilized by precipitation events may, depending on antecedent moisture conditions, be significantly shallower, younger, and less mineralized than the deeper, older water that feeds baseflow and thus defines the pre-event endmember used in hydrograph separation. This proof-of-concept study illustrates the potential advantages of capturing isotopic and hydrochemical behavior at a high frequency over extended periods that span multiple hydrologic events.
MINERALOGIE ŽELEZNÝCH RUD Z ROZVODNÉHO VRCHU U ČABOVÉ VE STŘEDNÍ ČÁSTI ŠTERNBERSKO-HORNOBENEŠOVSKÉHO PRUHU (MORAVSKOSLEZSKÁ JEDNOTKA ČESKÉHO MASIVU)
Authors: Zimák Jiří , Urbanová Lenka , Kopecká Lenka 
Published: March 2017

The Čabová deposit of the Lahn-Dill type is located in the historical Beroun iron-ore district in the central part of the Devonian Šternberk-Horní Benešov Belt, consisting of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks (metabasites prevail). Iron ores in the district were mined mainly in the 19th century. This article summarizes the results of mineralogical research of iron ores obtained froma heap on the Rozvodný vrch Hill at Čabová. Six types of ores were distinguished: 1/ so-called jaspilite ores (ferruginous jasper with a variable content of hematite and magnetite, usually a very poor iron ore), 2/ jaspilite ores rich in magnetite and/or hematite, 3/ quartz-hematite ores, 4/ quartz-magnetite ores (stilpnomelane is oft en present), 5/ carbonate ores (siderite is an essential component, also calcite, hematite, magnetite, quartz and stilpnomelane may be present in substantial quantities), and 6/ chlorite ores (composed mainly of chamosite, which is accompanied by varying quantities of calcite, stilpnomelane, ilmenite, white mica, quartz and albite). Up to several centimetres thick veins consisting mainly of calcite and/or quartz penetrate ores. Common part of the veins are chlorite (chamosite) and stilpnomelane, less abundant are white mica, magnetite and hematite, barite is rare. Compositional chlorite geothermometers of Kranidiotis and MacLean (1987) and Zang and Fyfe (1995) yielded temperatures of formation of the oreand vein chlorites that range from 189 to 225 °C and from 206 to 267 °C, respectively (there is no fundamental difference between the chlorites of the iron ores and the veins).