bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
124 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and dietary type offered to beef cattle on intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation
Authors: Dos Reis Beatriz Q Queiroz , Sarturi Jhones O , Silva Kaliu , Karges Kip , Johnson Bradley J , Rodrigues Barbara , Goulais Marie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The effects of live yeast and diet type offered to beef steers on intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation profile were evaluated. Ruminally cannulated beef steers [n = 8; body weight (BW) = 550 ± 20 kg] were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: A) presence of live-yeast [Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I-1077), at 1 × 1010 CFUּ animal-1ּ d-1]; and B) diet type [steam-flaked corn-based grower or finisher diets (ad libitum intake)]. Live yeast was delivered with gel-capsules (0.25 g, as is) twice daily via ruminal-cannula. Four, 35 d periods were used. Feed refusal was subtracted from offered (dry matter basis) to calculate feed intake (DMI). The 24 h feeding behavior assessment was conducted on d 31 by trained personnel (time spent eating, ruminating, chewing, drinking, resting, and meal size/number). A 5-d fecal collection (twice daily) was used for the digestibility assessment. Ruminal pH was continuously measured (7 d, intra-ruminal Dascor wireless data loggers). Ruminal ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 23 h on d 35. The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was used with animals as the experimental unit. No live yeast × diet interactions (P ≥ 0.17) were observed. Intake was not affected (P = 0.83) by live yeast, while steers offered the grower diet consumed more (P ≤ 0.01) NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose compared with the finisher diet. Live yeast increased (P ≤ 0.02) the dietary NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose digestibility of the grower diet by 13.7, 12.8, and 14.6%, and on the finisher diet by 6.7, 9, and 6.4%, respectively. Live yeast did not affect (P ≥ 0.23) major feeding behavior activities measured. Steers offered grower diet spent more time (P ≤ 0.01) on each meal, ruminating, eating, and chewing and less time (P &lt; 0.01) resting. Live yeast did not affect (P ≥ 0.81) ruminal pH variables measured. Steers offered the grower diet had a greater (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal pH pattern compared with the finisher diet. The ruminal ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by live yeast, while steers offered the finisher diet had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) total VFA and propionate molar proportion, while a lower (P ≤ 0.01) ammonia-N and acetate molar proportion compared with the grower diet. Regardless of the diet type, live yeast improved digestibility of fiber fractions, while dry matter intake was unaffected. Grower diets were more prone to stimulate feeding behavior activities than finisher, while live yeast seemed to not affect such variables. Expected effects of diet type on ruminal fermentation were ratified, while live yeast inclusion did not affect the ruminal fermentation variables evaluated.
134 Effects of different feed additives to beef cattle in a commercial feedyard: Productive performance
Authors: Rabelo Lucas S , Pellizzer Sergio E M , Perdigão Alexandre , Carvalho Victor , Acedo Tiago S S , Machado Fernando F , Oliveira Alexandre B , Matos Isabelle E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nellore bulls [n = 22,500; Initial body weight (BW) = 400.39 ± 24.39 kg] were used to evaluate the effects of feeding different additives on growth performance and carcass production by feedlot beef cattle in a commercial feedyard (Fazenda Conforto, Nova Crixás – Goiás, Brazil). Animals were ranked by arrival date, ascending order of BW, number of animals in the pen, and assigned to 5 blocks based on initial BW. The animals within the block were randomly assigned to 102 pens, and pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 dietary treatments within block; thus, treatments were replicated in 51 pens. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, as following 1) MON+VM - Sodium Monensin (MON, 27 mg/kg DM, Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, IN), + Virginiamycin (VM, 25 mg/kg DM, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Guarulhos, São Paulo), and 2) Crina+Hy-D (Crina Ruminants; a blend of essential oils, 90 mg/kg DM + Hy-D;25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 at 1 mgּ animal-1ּ d-1 (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). Cattle were fed a high-concentrate diet (R:C; 15:85) for 118 d on average. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS and means were separated using the PDIFF statement, adopting P &lt; 0.05. Pen was the experimental unit, treatment was a fixed effect, and block was a random effect, with the Kenward-Roger adjustment included for degrees of freedom. Feeding Crina+HyD increased dry matter (DM) intake by 0.47 kg (10.23 kg vs. 9.76 kg; P = 0.0004), improved average daily gain (ADG) by 0.09 kg (1.58 vs. 1.49 kg/d; P &lt; 0.0001) and final BW weight by 10 kg (586 vs. 576 kg; P = 0.01; Table 1) compared with animals fed MON+VM. In addition, animals fed Crina+Hy-D had heavier hot carcass weight by 8 kg (336 vs. 328 kg; P = 0.002), greater dressing percentage by 0.4 percent points (57.4 vs. 57.0%; P = 0.02), and greater average daily carcass gain by 0.07 kg (1.16 vs. 1.09 kg; P &lt; 0.0001) compared with animals fed MON+VM. Feed efficiency (G:F; ~0.155; P = 0.54) and carcass conversion, calculated as kg of DM per each 15 kg of carcass produced (~133.73 kg; P = 0.63) were similar between the treatments. In conclusion, feeding Crina+Hy-D can be used as a strategy to increase carcass production by feedlot cattle, and to dismiss use of antibiotic and growth promotant usage in diets.
193 Evaluation of in-dwelling pH monitoring technologies
Authors: Weir Colton , Duncan Zach M , Spore Tyler , Corrigan Mark , Titgemeyer Evan C , Ellis William , Hollenbeck William R , Blasi Dale A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We compared ruminal pH measurements determined using smaXtec bolus (SMAX; smaXtec Inc., Graf, Austria), Moonsyst bolus (MOON; Moonsyst International, Kinsale, Republic of Ireland), and handheld pH meter (METER; PH8500 pH/mV Meter, Apera, Columbus, OH) over time and during an ex vivo acidosis challenge. Ruminally cannulated heifers (n = 8) were used for 6 consecutive 21-d periods. On d 0, SMAX and MOON were placed in the reticulum of each heifer and continuously measured ruminal pH. On d 20 of each period, ruminal digesta samples were collected prior to feeding and again 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h post-feeding pH was measured with METER. MOON yielder lower (P &lt; 0.01) pH measurements compared with SMAX and METER at all time points. From h 0 to 2 post-feeding measurements from SMAX were similar compared with METER (P = 0.54); however, measurements from SMAX tended to be greater 4 h post-feeding (P &lt; 0.07) and differed at all subsequent timepoints (P &lt; 0.05) compared with METER. On d 21 of each period, boli were removed and placed in a pH 4 and pH 7 solution, each for 3 h. In pH 4 solution, MOON pH measurements did not differ (P &gt; 0.39) from 4 from periods 1 to 5; however, pH measured by MOON in period 6 was less (P &lt; 0.01) than 4. Smaxtec pH measurements did not differ (P ≥ 0.39) from 4 during periods 2 to 5 but was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than 4 in period 6. In pH 7 solution, pH measures with MOON did not differ (P &gt; 0.26) from 7 for period 1 and 2 but declined in period 3 and were less than 7 from periods 4 to 6 (P &lt; 0.05). In pH 7 solution, SMAX measurements varied over time and yielded greater (P &lt; 0.05) than 7 for periods 2, 3, and 6. Subsequently, boli were placed in a container of strained ruminal fluid (6.5 L), and pH was measured for 1 h using SMAX, MOON, and METER. Following, 500 mL of vinegar was added to the ruminal fluid to simulate an acidosis challenge, pH was measured and change in pH detected by SMAX and MOON, relative to METER was determined. With change in pH detect by METER considered the true response, MOON provided a better measurement of the pH decrease than did SMAX, particularly during periods 1 to 3 (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, pH measurements differed between SMAX, MOON, and METER. MOON and SMAX pH measurements began to drift after approximately 100 d. MOON was more accurate than SMAX in detecting a change in ruminal pH, whereas pH measurements over time were more precise for SMAX than for MOON.
194 Evaluation of a method to optimize diets of individual dairy cows to maximize income over feed cost
Authors: Innes David , Fieguth Braeden , Kedzierski Patty , Cant John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent optimization methods have demonstrated the potential to maximize marginal profits in beef (Marques et al., 2020) and dairy (Campos et al., 2023) by optimizing diet formulation. These methods present an opportunity to explore how diets could be optimized for individual dairy cows, such as in a closed-loop precision feeding system. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) compare individual income over feed costs (IOFC), calculated with observed dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), milk protein and milk fat, with a predicted IOFC for the same diet and cows using the NASEM (2021) model, and 2) optimize the inclusion rate of ingredients in the diet to maximize predicted IOFC. Previously, 20 multiparous (lactation 2 through 4) and 9 primiparous cows, ranging from 22 to 472 d in milk (DIM), were housed in a free-stall pen at the Ontario Dairy Research Centre (Canada) equipped with sensors to record DMI, body weight (BW; walk-over-weight) and body condition score (BCS; DeLavel 3D camera), in addition to daily MY, weekly milk component tests, and 4 X/d respiratory gas exchange measurements (GreenFeed, C-Lock Inc, USA) for estimation of daily energy flows (Kedzierski, 2020). Weekly means for each cow were used to evaluate IOFC in this study (n = 116). Each IOFC was calculated as milk revenue minus total feed cost. Milk revenue was calculated from milk fat, protein and other solids, consistent with pricing on Canadian dairy farms. The observed IOFC was calculated using the observed MY, milk components and DMI, and the same diet formulation and costs for all cows, whereas the predicted IOFC estimated these values using the NASEM (2021) model with all available observed animal inputs (e.g., BW, BCS, DIM). However, the observed DMI and MY had to be provided initially for the model, as the DMI prediction equation requires a target MY, but the prediction of MY requires DMI. Final predicted DMI and MY values were used in the calculation of predicted IOFC. The differential evolution algorithm from the ‘SciPy’ package (v 1.11.4) in python (v 3.12.0) was used to maximize IOFC by adjusting the inclusion of wheat straw, alfalfa silage, corn silage and high moisture corn grain, while fixing minerals to their original proportions. Overall, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) indicated moderate agreement (0.62) between the predicted IOFC and observed IOFC and good agreement (0.99) between the predicted IOFC and the optimized IOFC, suggesting the optimization method was able to select diets to meet a similar objective. Results indicate that a strategy is needed to minimize the residual error between predicted and observed values for individual cows, such as algebraic reparameterization of the NASEM model, before using an optimization method to automatically formulate diets.
253 Effect of dietary straw withdrawal in high-concentrate diets on efficiency, carcass performance, rumen characteristics and seized livers in dairy beef crossbred bulls housed with straw bedding
Authors: Llonch Lourdes , Marti Sonia , Verdú Marçal , Riera Joan , Medinya Carles , Cucurull Jordi , Devant Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary straw withdrawal in high-concentrate diets on efficiency, carcass performance, rumen characteristics and seized livers in dairy beef crossbred bulls housed with straw bedding. Bulls [n = 93; 335 ± 9.0 kg body weight (BW); 218 ± 4.0 d age] were group-housed in 6 straw-bedded pens according to 3 different feeding programs (2 pens/treatment): 1) CTR (n = 32), concentrate (13.1% CP, 5.9% fat content, 16.1% NDF, 40.8% starch content) and straw ad libitum fed in two separate feeders; 2) TSW (n = 32), like CTR, however, dietary straw withdrawal took place the first 84 study days; and 3) NSS (n = 29), concentrate with a reduced starch content (12.2% CP, 4.6% fat content, 22.0% NDF, 39.6% starch content) without dietary straw for the whole study. The study lasted 155 d divided into eleven 14-d periods. Individual concentrate intake was recorded daily, and dietary straw consumption was recorded per pen biweekly, as was individual BW. Carcass performance, rumen characteristics and seized organs were recorded at the slaughterhouse. Data were analyzed with a mixed-effects model. The first period was an adaptation where a dietary straw bale per pen was offered in all treatments; thereafter, only in CTR, and in TSW, after period 6. Treatment by period interactions (P &lt; 0.01) in efficiency parameters were observed. Specifically, BW was greater in CTR than in TSW and NSS bulls while straw withdrawal periods; however, TSW bulls increased BW compared with NSS bulls when dietary straw was reintroduced, with final BW greater in CTR and TSW than in NSS bulls (569, 557 and 536 ± 8.0 kg, respectively). Regarding feed consumption, while dietary straw withdrawal for the first 6 periods, concentrate and straw intake were less in TSW and NSS than in CTR bulls, regardless the type of concentrate; after period 7, concentrate intake did not differ among treatments, and straw intake was greater in CTR and TSW than in NSS bulls, except in period 7, just after dietary straw reintroduction, that was greater in TSW than in CTR bulls. Hot carcass weight was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CTR than in TSW and NSS bulls (314, 296 and 299 ± 6.0 kg, respectively); dressing percentage was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CTR and NSS than in TSW bulls (55.1, 55.9 and 53.2 ± 0.65%, respectively); and carcass conformation tended (P = 0.06) to have greater classification in CTR bulls, and reduced classification in TSW bulls. Number of sized livers tended (P = 0.07) to be greater in NSS than in CTR and TSW bulls (22, 3 and 9%, respectively). In conclusion, short and long-term dietary straw withdrawal decreased animal and carcass performance regardless concentrate’s starch content in dairy beef crossbred bulls fed high-concentrate diets housed with straw bedding.
254 Nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and growth performance of Hu sheep fed extruded rapeseed straw as a replacement for peanut vine
Authors: Ma Junnan , Ma Tao , Tu Yan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of extruded rapeseed straw (ERS) as a replacement for peanut vine (PV) on nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of Hu sheep of China. Male Hu sheep [n = 36; body weight (BW) = 19.5 ± 1.0 kg] were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: 1) 0% ERS (Control): 100% PV, no ERS; 2) 50% ERS: 50% ERS+50% PV; or 3) 100% ERS: 100% ERS, no PV. The preliminary trial period was 10 d, and the formal trial period was 90 d. Feed intake was recorded once daily, and weighing was conducted every 30 d. Over all periods, substituting of PV with ERS had no effect on intake of starter feed, metabolizable energy (ME), digestible energy (DE), but had greater total intake energy (GE; P &lt; 0.05). Also, 50% ERS had greater fecal energy but decreased urinary energy compared with control group. Compared with the control, 100% ERS resulted heavier BW and average BW gain per day (ADG) during d 61 to 90 of the experiment (P &lt; 0.05), together with greater feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with control, the rumen concentration of NH3-N increased for 50% ERS and the rumen pH was higher (P &lt; 0.05). When compared with PV, total volatile fatty acids concentrations, propionate and valerate concentrations, and the molar proportions of ruminal acetate were less in ERS groups (P &lt; 0.05), while the concentrations of acetate, isobutyric, isovaleric acid and acetate propionate were greater when substituting of PV with ERS in 50% and 100% (P &lt; 0.05). Concentration of butyrate was not different among treatments. Body measurements were not affected by the treatments. In conclusion, substitution of PV with ERS may improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and rumen fermentation in Hu sheep, also slightly improve growth performance during later fattening period without negative affect on energy intake.
477 Effect of induced hindgut acidosis on gastrointestinal tract microbiome
Authors: Linder Haley F , Loman Brett R , Gutierrez-Nibeyro Santiago D , Garrett Edgar F , McCann Joshua C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of induced hindgut acidosis in sheep on rumen, cecal, and fecal microbiome. Ruminally and cecally cannulated ewes [n = 11; body weight (BW) = 49 ± 4 kg] were assigned to one of two treatments: control (CON; n = 5) or induced hindgut acidosis (HGA; n = 6). To induce hindgut acidosis, 3 g wheat starch/kg BW per 24 h was continuously infused via the cecal cannula for 4 d. Control ewes received a constant infusion of deionized water. The diet contained 40% grass hay pellets, 35% whole shelled corn, 15% dried distillers grains, and 10% alfalfa cubes. On d 0, 2, and 4, immediately before feeding, and 12 h after feeding, rumen fluid, cecal fluid, and fecal samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Microbial DNA from samples were extracted using the QIAamp PowerFecal Pro DNA Kit. Full length 16S rRNA amplicon libraries were prepared using Kinnex kits and then sequenced on the PacBio Revio platform. Reads were analyzed using DADA2 and QIIME2. Statistical analysis was performed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with the fixed effect of treatment, time, and their interaction. Data from d 0 was utilized as a covariate. There was a treatment effect (P &lt; 0.01) for relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R7 group, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Ruminococcus, and Treponema in cecal contents, with CON ewes having greater relative abundance than HGA ewes. Conversely, HGA had greater (P &lt; 0.01) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Limosilactobacillus in cecal contents than CON ewes. Fusobacterium necrophorum was detected in all cecal samples after h 0 averaging 4.3% of reads, but was not affected by treatment, time, or their interaction. Trueperella pyogenes was detected in more than 80% of cecal samples after h 0 and averaged 0.25% of detected reads. In feces, there was a treatment effect (P &lt; 0.01) for relative abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Treponema, with CON ewes having greater relative abundance than HGA ewes. Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in HGA feces than CON. A treatment by time interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for both fecal Ruminococcus and Christensenellaceae R7 group relative abundance, as relative abundance did not change in CON ewes but decreased in HGA after h 24. There were no effects of treatment, time, or their interaction (P ≥ 0.15) for relative abundance of Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae R7 group, Selenomonas, or Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group in rumen fluid. Prevotellaceae UCG-001 relative abundance was affected (P = 0.04) by treatment with CON ewes having greater relative abundance than HGA ewes. Induced hindgut acidosis drastically altered the microbiome composition of cecal contents and feces.
288 Maternal fatty acid supplementation and its impact on dam and offspring performance
Authors: Marques Rodrigo , Ogg Makayla A , Cruz Vinicius Alves , Cidrini Iorrano A , Nascimento Keuven , Limede Arnaldo C Cintra , de de Queiroz Amanda Caroliny Marques de Caroliny Marques de , McCoski Sarah , Posbergh Christian , Mercadante Vitor R G , Harvey Kelsey M , Cordero Juan , Geary Tom W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fatty acid supplementation has multiple benefits to the offspring when supplemented to the dam during pregnancy; limited to no benefits to the dam have been documented. We hypothesized that maternal fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy would result in improved body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in the ewes and improve lamb growth until weaning and male offspring growth following weaning when ewes were supplemented fatty acids. On d -8 of the study (35 d of gestation), all ewes were weighed, BCS was collected, and pregnancy status determined. Pregnant Targhee ewes (n = 83) were assigned to a treatment group based on age, BW, and BCS, to one of four treatment gr: 1) 22 g/ewe daily of Ca salts of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids based on palmitic and oleic acids (CON; EnerGII, Virtus Nutrition, LLC, Corcoran, CA); 2) 22 g/ewe daily of Ca salts of PUFA based on eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (ɷ-3, Strata; Virtus Nutrition LLC); 3) 22 g/ewe daily of Ca salts of PUFA based on linoleic acids (ɷ-6, Prequel; Virtus Nutrition LLC); or 4) 11 g/ewe of Ca-salts enriched with EPA+DHA (Strata) and 11 g/ewe of Ca-salts enriched with linoleic acid (Strata) daily (ɷ-3 + 6; Virtus Nutrition LLC). Fatty acid supplementation occurred from d 0 until d 88 of the study, and all ewes were fed grass hay. Ewe BW and BCS were recorded at d -8, 51, 93, and 240 of the study. Twenty-four hours after birth, lamb sex was identified and weighed (n = 136 lamb; CON = 33; ɷ-3 = 32; ɷ-6 = 36; ɷ-3 + 6 = 35). Lambs were weighed at d 175 and 240 (weaning) of the study (n = 86; CON = 22; ɷ-3 = 22; ɷ-6 = 21; ɷ-3 + 6 = 21). Body weight, BCS, and scrotal circumference (SC) were collected on all ram lambs at d 352, 380, and 408. No differences were observed in ewe BW or BCS at d -8, 51, or 93 of the study (P ≥ 0.26) between the treatment groups (Table 1). A treatment × day interaction was observed at d 240 of the study when ɷ-6 ewes had a greater (P = 0.03) BCS compared with group cohorts. No differences in lamb birth weight, lamb weight or average daily gain at d 175 or 240 of the study between treatment groups (P ≥ 0.25; Table 2). No differences were reported in ram lamb BW, BCS, or SC at d 352, 380, and 408 (P ≥ 0.31; Table 3). These results indicate that maternal fatty acid supplementation alters ewe BCS at the time of weaning; however, supplementation does not impact lamb growth from birth until weaning or ram lamb growth and scrotal circumference.