bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three-pillar approach to assessing climate impacts on low flows
Authors: Laaha Gregor , Parajka Juraj , Viglione Alberto , Koffler Daniel , Haslinger Klaus , Schöner Wolfgang , Zehetgruber Judith , Blöschl Günter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to present a framework for assessing climate impacts on future low flows that combines different sources of information, termed pillars. To illustrate the framework three pillars are chosen: (a) extrapolation of observed low-flow trends into the future, (b) rainfall–runoff projections based on climate scenarios and (c) extrapolation of changing stochastic rainfall characteristics into the future combined with rainfall–runoff modelling. Alternative pillars could be included in the overall framework. The three pillars are combined by expert judgement based on a synoptic view of data, model outputs and process reasoning. The consistency/inconsistency between the pillars is considered an indicator of the certainty/uncertainty of the projections. The viability of the framework is illustrated for four example catchments from Austria that represent typical climate conditions in central Europe. In the Alpine region where winter low flows dominate, trend projections and climate scenarios yield consistently increasing low flows, although of different magnitudes. In the region north of the Alps, consistently small changes are projected by all methods. In the regions in the south and south-east, more pronounced and mostly decreasing trends are projected but there is disagreement in the magnitudes of the projected changes. The process reasons for the consistencies/inconsistencies are discussed. For an Alpine region such as Austria the key to understanding low flows is whether they are controlled by freezing and snowmelt processes, or by the summer moisture deficit associated with evaporation. It is argued that the three-pillar approach offers a systematic framework of combining different sources of information aimed at more robust projections than that obtained from each pillar alone.
Modeling the spatiotemporal variability in subsurface thermal regimes across a low-relief polygonal tundra landscape
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Collier Nathan , Bisht Gautam , Mills Richard T. , Thornton Peter E. , Iversen Colleen M. , Romanovsky Vladimir 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Vast carbon stocks stored in permafrost soils of Arctic tundra are under risk of release to the atmosphere under warming climate scenarios. Ice-wedge polygons in the low-gradient polygonal tundra create a complex mosaic of microtopographic features. This microtopography plays a critical role in regulating the fine-scale variability in thermal and hydrological regimes in the polygonal tundra landscape underlain by continuous permafrost. Modeling of thermal regimes of this sensitive ecosystem is essential for understanding the landscape behavior under the current as well as changing climate. We present here an end-to-end effort for high-resolution numerical modeling of thermal hydrology at real-world field sites, utilizing the best available data to characterize and parameterize the models. We develop approaches to model the thermal hydrology of polygonal tundra and apply them at four study sites near Barrow, Alaska, spanning across low to transitional to high-centered polygons, representing a broad polygonal tundra landscape. A multiphase subsurface thermal hydrology model (PFLOTRAN) was developed and applied to study the thermal regimes at four sites. Using a high-resolution lidar digital elevation model (DEM), microtopographic features of the landscape were characterized and represented in the high-resolution model mesh. The best available soil data from field observations and literature were utilized to represent the complex heterogeneous subsurface in the numerical model. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the developed modeling approach to capture – without recourse to model calibration – several aspects of the complex thermal regimes across the sites, and provide insights into the critical role of polygonal tundra microtopography in regulating the thermal dynamics of the carbon-rich permafrost soils. Areas of significant disagreement between model results and observations highlight the importance of field-based observations of soil thermal and hydraulic properties for modeling-based studies of permafrost thermal dynamics, and provide motivation and guidance for future observations that will help address model and data gaps affecting our current understanding of the system.
Saturn and Soliloquy: Henryson's Conversation with Chaucerian Free Will
Authors: Timmis Patrick 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Chaucer's deep interest in Boethius inspired several poetic contemplations of free will's status in a technically pagan classical past. The prime example is Troilus and Criseyde, in which Troilus charges the gods with tyranny before eventually accepting his own responsibility for the poem's tragic events. This article argues that Robert Henryson grants to Cresseid this same maturation process as regards her view of Providence. Cresseid begins by cursing Cupid and Venus for making her beautiful and then condemning her to lose both lovers and status. The gods' punishment for this “blasphemy” is to take away her beauty and “heit,” a response that draws an outcry from Cresseid, the poem's narrator, and the poem's critics. The punishments are, however, simply the physical manifestation of Cresseid's own decisions, received because of her refusal to accept personal responsibility for her actions, and overcome when she finally does accept that responsibility.
Geotecnologias e Ensino de Geografia: algumas aplicações práticas / Geotechnologies and Geography Teaching: some practical applications
Authors: Pereira Vitor Hugo Campelo , Diniz Marco Tulio Mendonça 
Published: September 2016

<p>O presente artigo objetiva propor algumas formas de aplicação de geotecnologias no ensino de Geografia no âmbito da Educação Básica, tanto no Ensino Fundamental quanto Ensino Médio. Para isso, a metodologia adotada se baseou na análise dos Planos Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) de Geografia e no uso de softwares que apresentam funções de representação espacial, bem como na indicação de projetos educacionais pautados no uso de geotecnologias. Diversos conteúdos previstos no ensino de Geografia podem ser abordados e dinamizados. Escala cartográfica, relevo e análise de mudanças na paisagem são exemplos de questões que podem ser trabalhadas com o uso de softwares livres como <em>Google Earth</em>, <em>Philcarto</em>, <em>ScapeToad</em> e a partir da sistematização proposta pelos projetos educacionais GEODEM, GEODEF e GEOIDEIA. Os resultados indicaram uma elevada aplicabilidade dos softwares e projetos testados pela pesquisa para o ensino de conteúdos de Geografia sugeridos pelos PCN, o que pode contribuir para uma aprendizagem mais consolidada dos mesmos.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to propose some form of geo-technologies application in the teaching of Geography under the Basic Education, in elementary school and in high school. For this, the methodology adopted was based on the analysis of National Curriculum Plans of Geography and the use of software that present spatial representation of functions as well as the indication of guided educational projects in the use of geotechnologies. Several planned content in Geography education can be addressed and dinamized. Cartographic scale, relief and analysis of changes in the landscape are examples of issues that can be worked with the use of free software such as Google Earth, Philcarto, ScapeToad and from the systematization proposed by educational projects GEODEM, GEODEF and GEOIDEIA. The results indicated a high applicability of the software and projects tested by research for teaching Geography content suggested by PCN, which can contribute to a more consolidated learning them.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Basic Education. Spatial representation. Free softwares. National Curriculum Plans.</p>
Efeitos diretos e indiretos da migração de retorno no Brasil nos anos 2000 / Direct and indirect effects of the return migration in Brazil in the 2000’s
Authors: Miranda-Ribeiro Adriana De , Garcia Ricardo Alexandrino , Lobo Carlos 
Published: September 2016

<p>No cenário das migrações no Brasil, o retorno ao local de nascimento tem crescido de importância nas últimas décadas. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal a mensuração dos efeitos direto e indireto da migração de retorno às unidades da Federação brasileira, no período 2000-2010. Foram utilizados os microdados do Censo Demográfico de 2010. A metodologia denomina de efeito direto os retornados ao local de nascimento. O efeito indireto é composto por parentes do retornado, desde que cumpram alguns requisitos. Os resultados apontam que a soma dos efeitos diretos e indiretos da migração de retorno correspondem a quase a metade dos imigrantes de última etapa do país.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The return to the place of birth plays an important role in the Brazilian migration scenario. This paper measures the direct and indirect effects of return migration in Brazil between 2000 and 2010. Data come from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. Those who return to the place of birth compose the direct effect. The indirect effect is composed by the returned migrant’s relatives, conditioned to some rules. Results show that the return migration effects in Brazil represent almost a half of the Brazilian immigrants in the period.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: spatial distribution, internal migration, return migration.</p>
Participação popular no florestamento de área desertificada no município de São José do Seridó (RN) / Popular participation in the area of reforestation desetified the municipality of São José do Seridó/RN
Authors: Medeiros Josimar Araújo , Aloufa Magdi Ibrahim 
Published: September 2016

<p>Nas áreas de ocorrência de desertificação do Semiárido Brasileiro vem emergindo sítios permanentemente sem recobrimento vegetal, impactando negativamente as atividades econômicas. Esse trabalho objetivou realizar o florestamento de área com essa fisionomia com o plantio da <em>C. quercifolius</em> com a participação dos sujeitos locais. O estudo foi desenvolvido na localidade rural São Paulo, São José do Seridó/RN. Realizou-se o plantio de 120 mudas preparadas pelos agricultores em embalagens plásticas e em sementeira, plantadas em covas com 50 cm x 25 cm e espaçamento de 3 m. Um ano após o plantio, sobreviveram 56 provenientes das embalagens plásticas e 46 da sementeira. O crescimento médio foi respectivamente, de 7 cm e 4 cm. No entorno de 100% das plantas constatou-se o recrutamento de 14 espécies comum na estação chuvosa e em 73% a presença da jurema preta. A produção de mudas via sementeira revelou-se mais apropriada para plantio da xerófita pela simplificação de todas as etapas, tornando acessível aos agricultores. O uso de plantas com cerca de 120 dias de nascimento associado ao plantio, aproveitando-se as primeiras chuvas do ano e a deposição de seixos rolados no entorno da planta muito contribuíram para a taxa de sobrevivência alcançada.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In the Brazilian semiarid desertification occurrence areas is emerging sites permanently without plant cover negatively impacting economic activities. Considering that fact this study aimed to perform an action of forestation with this face with the planting of <em>C. quercifolius</em> with the participation of local individuals. The study was conducted in rural locality São Paulo, São José do Seridó / RN. There was the planting of 120 seedlings prepared by farmers in plastic packaging and seeding, planted in holes 50 cm x 25 cm and spacing of 3 m. A year after planting, surviving 56 from the plastic packaging and 46 sowing. The growth medium was respectively 7 cm and 4 cm. In the vicinity of 100% of the plants was found recruitment of 14 species common in the rainy season and 73% in the presence of black jurema. The production of seedlings through seeding proved to be more suitable for planting dryland by simplifying every step, making it accessible to farmers. The use of plants with about 120 days of birth, associated with planting taking advantage of the first rains of the year and the deposition of boulders surrounding the plant contributed greatly to the survival rate achieved.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: degraded area; Rehabilitation; faveleira; Endogenous factors; facilitation.</p><p> </p>
Stability and Sterility of Enoxaparin 8 mg/mL Subcutaneous Injectable Solution
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Dinh Kimberly , Placencia Jennifer , Pelkey Gregory , Hui Shiu-Ki Rocky , Teruya Jun 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: Enoxaparin is often diluted to accurately deliver doses to neonatal and infant patients. Current recommendations for dilutions may not be adequate for the smallest patients.METHODS: Review of dosing at our institution occurred, and an 8 mg/mL concentration of enoxaparin was chosen. A concentration of 8 mg/mL was compounded by diluting 0.4 mL of enoxaparin (100 mg/mL) into 4.6 mL of sterile water for injection into an empty sterile vial. Four syringes of the 8 mg/mL concentration were prepared by 5 technicians (20 total syringes). Stability and sterility testing occurred a 0, 7, 14, and 30 days. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in Anti–Factor Xa concentrations at the testing time points.RESULTS: The dilution of enoxaparin was sterile at 30 days but exhibited significant degradation at the 30-day point (p &lt; 0.05).CONCLUSION: A dilution of enoxaparin 8 mg/mL is stable and sterile for 14 days refrigerated but is not stable at 30 days.
Outcomes in Postoperative Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients Who Received an Antiepileptic Drug
Authors: Messinger Mindl M. , Dinh Kimberly L. , McDade Erin J. , Moffett Brady S. , Wilfong Angus A. , Cabrera Antonio G. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: Advances in cardiac operations over the last few decades, including corrective operations in early life, have dramatically increased the survival of children with congenital heart disease. However, postoperative care has been associated with neurologic complications, with seizures being the most common manifestation. The primary objective of this study is to describe the outcomes in pediatric patients who received an antiepileptic drug (AED) post–cardiac surgery.
METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was performed in all patients less than 18 years of age who received an AED in the cardiovascular intensive care unit at Texas Children's Hospital from June 2002 until June 2012. Cardiac surgical patients initiated on phenobarbital, phenytoin, and levetiracetam were queried. Patients were excluded if the AED was not initiated on the admission for surgery. Patients who received 1 AED were compared to patients who received 2 AED, and differences in outcomes examined between the 3 AEDs used were evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 37 patients met the study criteria. Patients were initiated on an AED a median of 4 days following surgery and became seizure free a median of 1 day after initiation, with 65% remaining seizure free after the first dose. Half of all patients required 2 AEDs for seizure control, with a higher proportion of adolescents requiring 2 AEDs (p = 0.04). No differences were found when comparing the collected outcomes between phenobarbital, fosphenytoin, or levetiracetam.
CONCLUSION: No adverse events were reported with the AEDs reviewed. Further work is necessary to evaluate long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population and whether outcomes are a result of the AED or of other clinical sequelae.
Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Franco Kyle A. , O'Mara Keliana 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES: To determine if computerized provider order entry (CPOE) implementation impacts the time it takes for preterm neonates to reach their parenteral macronutrient goals.METHODS: Retrospective review of neonates &lt;1750 g receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) before and after the implementation of CPOE. Primary outcome was the attainment of parenteral macronutrient goals. Secondary outcomes included time to attainment, the frequency of electrolyte abnormalities, and the incidence of required adjustments made to PN orders by verification pharmacists.RESULTS: Goal PN was achieved by 12/47 (25.5%) intervention vs. 2/44 (4.5%) control group infants (p &lt; 0.05). This goal was attained in 10.8 ± 7.5 days in the intervention group and 10 ± 4.2 days in the control group (p = 0.90). Goal protein was reached by 74.5% of CPOE patients vs. 36.4% of controls, p &lt; 0.05. Lipid goals were achieved by 98% vs. 100% (p = 0.33) of patients and were attained at an average of 1.5 ± 0.8 days vs. 2.0 ± 1.1 days (p &lt; 0.05). Abnormal serum electrolyte values occurred more frequently in the control group (0.79 vs. 1.12/day PN). Adjustments by a verification pharmacist were required in 5.6% of CPOE compared with 30.4% of control group orders (p &lt; 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: CPOE parenteral nutrition increased the proportion of preterm neonates attaining overall macronutrient goals. With CPOE, protein goals were reached by more patients and goal lipids were achieved faster. This system also decreased the number of pharmacist interventions during verification of PN orders and appeared to positively impact the incidence of serum electrolyte disturbances.
Informed Consent as a Litigation Strategy in the Field of Aesthetic Surgery: An Analysis Based on Court Precedents
Authors: Park Bo Young , Kwon Jungwoo , Kang So Ra , Hong Seung Eun 
Published: September 2016

Background In an increasing number of lawsuits doctors lose, despite providing preoperative patient education, because of failure to prove informed consent. We analyzed judicial precedents associated with insufficient informed consent to identify judicial factors and trends related to aesthetic surgery medical litigation.
Methods We collected data from civil trials between 1995 and 2015 that were related to aesthetic surgery and resulted in findings of insufficient informed consent. Based on these data, we analyzed the lawsuits, including the distribution of surgeries, dissatisfactions, litigation expenses, and relationship to informed consent.
Results Cases were found involving the following types of surgery: facial rejuvenation (38 cases), facial contouring surgery (27 cases), mammoplasty (16 cases), blepharoplasty (29 cases), rhinoplasty (21 cases), body-contouring surgery (15 cases), and breast reconstruction (2 cases). Common reasons for postoperative dissatisfaction were deformities (22%), scars (17%), asymmetry (14%), and infections (6%). Most of the malpractice lawsuits occurred in Seoul (population 10 million people; 54% of total plastic surgeons) and in primary-level local clinics (113 cases, 82.5%). In cases in which only invalid informed consent was recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 9,107,143 (USD 8438). In cases in which both violation of non-malfeasance and invalid informed consent were recognized, the average amount of consolation money was KRW 12,741,857 (USD 11,806), corresponding to 38.6% of the amount of the judgment.
Conclusions Surgeons should pay special attention to obtaining informed consent, because it is a double-edged sword; it has clinical purposes for doctors and patients but may also be a litigation strategy for lawyers.
Acellular Dermal Matrix as a Core Strut for Projection in Nipple Reconstruction: Approaches for Three Different Methods of Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Park Gui-Yong , Yoon Eul-Sik , Cho Hee-Eun , Lee Byung-Il , Park Seung-Ha 
Published: September 2016

Background The objective of this paper was to describe a novel technique for improving the maintenance of nipple projection in primary nipple reconstruction by using acellular dermal matrix as a strut in one of three different configurations, according to the method of prior breast reconstruction. The struts were designed to best fill the different types of dead spaces in nipple reconstruction depending on the breast reconstruction method.
Methods A total of 50 primary nipple reconstructions were performed between May 2012 and May 2015. The prior breast reconstruction methods were latissimus dorsi (LD) flap (28 cases), transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap (10 cases), or tissue expander/implant (12 cases). The nipple reconstruction technique involved the use of local flaps, including the C-V flap or star flap. A 1×2-cm acellular dermal matrix was placed into the core with O-, I-, and L-shaped struts for prior LD, TRAM, and expander/implant methods, respectively. The projection of the reconstructed nipple was measured at the time of surgery and at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively.
Results The nine-month average maintenance of nipple projection was 73.0%±9.67% for the LD flap group using an O-strut, 72.0%±11.53% for the TRAM flap group using an I-strut, and 69.0%±10.82% for the tissue expander/implant group using an L-strut. There were no cases of infection, wound dehiscence, or flap necrosis.
Conclusions The application of an acellular dermal matrix with a different kind of strut for each of 3 breast reconstruction methods is an effective addition to current techniques for improving the maintenance of long-term projection in primary nipple reconstruction.
Clinical Experiences with the Scapular Fascial Free Flap
Authors: Park Il Ho , Chung Chul Hoon , Chang Yong Joon , Kim Jae Hyun 
Published: September 2016

Background The goal of reconstruction is to provide coverage of exposed vital structures with well-vascularized tissue for optimal restoration of form and function. Here, we present our clinical experience with the use of the scapular fascial free flap to correct facial asymmetry and to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the extremities.Methods We used a scapular fascial free flap in 12 cases for soft tissue coverage of the extremities or facial soft tissue augmentation.Results The flaps ranged in size from 3×12 to 13×23 cm. No cases of total loss of the flap occurred. Partial loss of the flap occurred in 1 patient, who was treated with a turnover flap using the adjacent scapular fascial flap and a skin graft. Partial loss of the skin graft occurred in 4 patients due to infection or hematoma beneath the graft, and these patients underwent another skin graft. Four cases of seroma at the donor site occurred, and these cases were treated with conservative management or capsulectomy and quilting sutures.Conclusions The scapular fascial free flap has many advantages, including a durable surface for restoration of form and contours, a large size with a constant pedicle, adequate surface for tendon gliding, and minimal donor-site scarring. We conclude that despite the occurrence of a small number of complications, the scapular fascial free flap should be considered to be a viable option for soft tissue coverage of the extremities and facial soft tissue augmentation.