bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirtazapine‐Associated Rapid Weight Gain and Decreased Physical Activity
Authors: Kethini Thejaswarup , Alderman Christopher P , Doecke Christopher J 
Published: March 2016

Background: Mirtazapine‐associated weight gain is widely documented. However, data demonstrating changes in physical activity associated with mirtazapine have not been published.Aim: To describe a case of rapid weight gain and decreased physical activity associated with mirtazapine.Clinical features: A 55‐year‐old Caucasian man was admitted after attempting suicide and was diagnosed with post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression. He was treated with mirtazapine 30 mg daily and zopiclone 15 mg at night during 5 weeks of hospitalisation and discharged on the same therapy. As a part of a research protocol, the patient was followed closely for 17 weeks after first observation, and his body weight, physical activity and biochemical parameters were recorded.Outcomes: The patient's weight increased by 10 kg within 2 weeks of starting mirtazapine, and at the end of the 17‐week follow‐up period the total weight gain was 17.5 kg. The fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations had also increased. At the conclusion of the follow‐up period, physical activity levels had decreased by 40% relative to baseline. An objective causality assessment revealed that the relationship between mirtazapine and weight gain could be regarded as possible.Conclusion: Patients on mirtazapine should be monitored for changes in weight and offered information about diet and exercise to assist in weight management.J Pharm Pract Res 2004; 34: 308–9.
Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly
Authors: Bird Margaret R 
Published: March 2016

Urinary incontinence is a common disability with considerable personal and carer burden in the elderly. Drugs play a role in causing and treating urinary incontinence and lower urinary tract symptoms. This article will discuss the therapeutic approach to managing urinary incontinence in the older person.J Pharm Pract Res 2004; 34: 319–21.
Effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the amino acid digestibility of different triticale genotypes in caecectomised laying hens
Authors: Siegert Wolfgang , Boguhn Jeannette , Maurer Hans Peter , Weiss Jochen , Zuber Tobias , Möhring Jens , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influence of nitrogen fertilisation and genotype on the amino acid (AA) digestibility of triticale grain was investigated in caecectomised laying hens. Three genotypes, Grenado, EAW6002 and Lasko, were cultivated with and without nitrogen fertilisation at the end of the heading stage. The six triticale variants as well as a basal diet were each used to feed seven laying hens in a 7 × 7 Latin square design.RESULTSNitrogen fertilisation influenced the digestibility of Cys, Glu, Phe and Ser in some triticale genotypes and reduced Ala, Ile, Lys, Met and Val digestibility in all genotypes (P < 0.05). Nitrogen fertilisation increased the concentration of all AAs in the grain. Consequently, the concentration of digestible AAs in the grains was increased for most AAs upon nitrogen fertilisation. Overall, Lys had the lowest digestibility, whereas that of Glu and Pro was the highest. For the triticale genotypes, the level of AA digestibility was highest for EAW6002 followed by Lasko and Grenado, with significant differences (P < 0.05) between genotypes for some but not all AAs.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that the accuracy of the digestible AA supply for hen feeding might benefit from considering fertilisation and genotype‐specific digestibility data in feed formulation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Multimodal cancer care in poor prognosis cancers: Resection drives long‐term outcomes
Authors: Healy Mark A. , Yin Huiying , Wong Sandra L. 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectivesHospitals with high complex oncologic surgical volume have improved short‐term outcomes. However, for long‐term outcomes, the influence of other therapies must be considered. We compared effects of resection with other therapies on long‐term outcomes across U.S. hospitals.MethodsWe examined claims in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare dataset for patients with esophageal (EC) and pancreatic (PC) cancers between 2005–2009, with follow‐up through 2011, performing multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. We stratified hospitals by volume and compared rates of treatments in the context of survival.ResultsWe studied 905 EC and 3,293 PC patients at 138 and 375 hospitals, respectively. For EC, resection rates were significantly higher (32.9% vs. 9.5%, P < 0.001) in the highest versus lowest volume hospitals. Adjusted survival was also statistically significantly better (48.5% vs. 43.1%, P < 0.001). For PC, resection rates were also statistically significantly higher (30.1% vs. 12.0%, P < 0.001) with higher adjusted survival (21.5% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.01). We did not find variation in rates of other cancer treatments across hospitals.ConclusionsA significant association exists between long‐term survival and rates of cancer‐directed surgery across hospitals, without variation in rates of other therapies. Access to resection appears to be key to reducing variation in long‐term survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:599–604. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trajectories of PTSD Among Lower Manhattan Residents and Area Workers Following the 2001 World Trade Center Disaster, 2003–2012
Authors: Welch Alice E. , Caramanica Kimberly , Maslow Carey B. , Brackbill Robert M. , Stellman Steven D. , Farfel Mark R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGroup‐based trajectory modeling was used to explore empirical trajectories of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 17,062 adult area residents/workers (nonrescue/recovery workers) enrolled in the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry using 3 administrations of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) over 9 years of observation. Six trajectories described PTSD over time: low‐stable (48.9%), moderate‐stable (28.3%), moderate‐increasing (8.2%), high‐stable (6.0%), high‐decreasing (6.6 %), and very high‐stable (2.0%). To examine factors associated with improving or worsening PTSD symptoms, groups with similar intercepts, but different trajectories were compared using bivariate analyses and logistic regression. The adjusted odds of being in the moderate‐increasing relative to the moderate‐stable group were significantly greater among enrollees reporting low social integration (OR = 2.18), WTC exposures (range = 1.34 to 1.53), job loss related to the September 11, 2001 disaster (OR = 1.41), or unmet mental health need/treatment (OR = 4.37). The odds of being in the high‐stable relative to the high‐decreasing group were significantly greater among enrollees reporting low social integration (OR = 2.23), WTC exposures (range = 1.39 to 1.45), or unmet mental health need/treatment (OR = 3.42). The influence of severe exposures, scarce personal/financial resources, and treatment barriers on PTSD trajectories suggest a need for early and ongoing PTSD screening postdisaster.
Engineered Biomaterials to Enhance Stem Cell‐Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Therapy
Authors: Hasan Anwarul , Waters Renae , Roula Boustany , Dana Rahbani , Yara Seif , Alexandre Toubia , Paul Arghya 
Published: March 2016

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since adult cardiac cells are limited in their proliferation, cardiac tissue with dead or damaged cardiac cells downstream of the occluded vessel does not regenerate after myocardial infarction. The cardiac tissue is then replaced with nonfunctional fibrotic scar tissue rather than new cardiac cells, which leaves the heart weak. The limited proliferation ability of host cardiac cells has motivated investigators to research the potential cardiac regenerative ability of stem cells. Considerable progress has been made in this endeavor. However, the optimum type of stem cells along with the most suitable matrix‐material and cellular microenvironmental cues are yet to be identified or agreed upon. This review presents an overview of various types of biofunctional materials and biomaterial matrices, which in combination with stem cells, have shown promises for cardiac tissue replacement and reinforcement. Engineered biomaterials also have applications in cardiac tissue engineering, in which tissue constructs are developed in vitro by combining stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for drug screening or eventual implantation. This review highlights the benefits of using biomaterials in conjunction with stem cells to repair damaged myocardium and give a brief description of the properties of these biomaterials that make them such valuable tools to the field.
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Ferroelectric Polymers and Their Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2016

The discovery of ferroelectric phenomenon in polymers in early 1970s has aroused tremendous research interests in these soft materials with intriguing physical properties, and led to a broad range of applications. Since then the understanding of physical origin of ferroelectricity in these macromolecules has been fast deepened by virtue of the rapid development of ferroelectric polymer science, which in turn has enabled better design of ferroelectric polymers with improved performance. Over the last two decades, as boosted by the increasing demand for advanced energy technologies, great progress has been made in understanding and developing new ferroelectric polymers toward energy‐related applications. This trend article summarizes the important aspects and recent advances in the research area of ferroelectric polymers, covering from understanding of material fundamentals, through synthesis and processing techniques, to applications in energy conversion and storage.
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Fabrication of Polymer‐Ag Honeycomb Hybrid Film by Metal Complexation Induced Phase Separation at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Mir Sajjad Husain , Ochiai Bungo 
Published: March 2016

A new facile approach for the fabrication of polymer‐Ag honeycomb film is reported. A polymer‐Ag+ honeycomb thin film is obtained by casting a CHCl3 solution of a functional graft copolymer on aqueous silver nitrate solution, leading to metal complexation induced phase separation at the air/water interface. The film is reduced by UV irradiation to give a polymer‐Ag honeycomb film with regular morphology. Pyrolysis of the film gives a translucent Ag honeycomb film.
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Innovative Poly(Ionic Liquid)s by the Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Monomers
Authors: Isik Mehmet , Ruiperez Fernando , Sardon Haritz , Gonzalez Alba , Zulfiqar Sonia , Mecerreyes David 
Published: March 2016

The incorporation of ionic liquid (IL) chemistry into functional polymers has extended the properties and applications of polyelectrolytes. However, ILs are expensive due to the presence of fluorinated anions or complicated synthetic steps which limit their technological viability. Here, we show a new family of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) which are based in cheap and renewable chemicals and involves facile synthetic approaches. Thus, deep eutectic monomers (DEMs) are prepared for the first time by using quaternary ammonium compounds and various hydrogen bond donors such as citric acid, terephthalic acid or an amidoxime. The deep eutectic formation is made through a simple mixing of the ingredients. Differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational studies reveal the formation of the DEMs due to the ionic interactions. The resulting DEMs are liquid which facilitates their polymerization using mild photopolymerization or polycondensation strategies. Spectroscopic characterizations reveal the successful formation of the polymers. By this way, a new family of PILs can be synthesized which can be used for different applications. As an example, the polymers show promising performance as solid CO2 sorbents. Altogether the deep eutectic monomer route can lead to non‐toxic, cheap and easy‐to‐prepare alternatives to current PILs for different applications.
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Impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on preference‐based quality of life in type 2 diabetes: Results from theLookAHEADtrial
Authors: Zhang Ping , Hire Don , Espeland Mark A. , Knowler William C. , Thomas Sheikilya , Tsai Adam G. , Glick Henry A. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with standard diabetes support and education (DSE) on preference‐based health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in persons with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.MethodsLook AHEAD was a multisite, randomized trial of 5,145 participants assigned to ILI or DSE. Four instruments were administered during the trial: Feeling Thermometer (FT), Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2), Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), and Short Form 6D (SF‐6D). Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate the mean difference in preference scores by treatment group for 9 years.ResultsThe ILI had higher mean FT (0.019, 95% CI, 0.015‐0.024,P < 0.001) and SF‐6D (0.011, 95% CI, 0.006‐0.014,P < 0.001) scores than the DSE. No significant group differences were observed for the HUI2 (0.004, 95% CI, −0.003 to 0.010,P = 0.23) and HUI3 (0.004, −0.004 to 0.012,P = 0.36). In year 1, the ILI had higher mean preference scores for all instruments. Thereafter, the increases remained significant only for FT and SF‐6D, and the effects also become smaller.ConclusionsILI aimed at reducing body weight among persons with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes improves preference‐based HRQOL in the short term, but its long‐term effect is unclear.
Impact of surface charge density and motor force upon polyelectrolyte packaging in viral capsids
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Bachmann Michael 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBy means of Langevin molecular dynamics simulations, we study the packaging dynamics of flexible and semiflexible polyelectrolytes in spherical cavities that resemble viral capsids. We employ a coarse‐grained model of the polymer–capsid complex that allows us to perform simulations of a 900mer and investigate the influence of surface charges inside the capsid and an additional motor force, acting on the polymer in the portal region of the cavity, on the packaging process. Our results indicate that it is most efficient if surface charges are present that initially promote the formation of an ordered surface layer inside the capsid. Once these charges are screened, the motor force pulls in the remaining part of the chain. Additionally, the simulations also demonstrate that the packaging dynamics depends on the counterion valence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1054–1065
How middle managers manage the political environment to achieve market goals: Insights from China's state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Guo Yidi , Huy Quy Nguyen , Xiao Zhixing 
Published: March 2016

Research summary: Although the middle management literature has identified various bridging roles performed by middle managers in the market environment, it is relatively vague about whether and how they manage the political environment to achieve market‐related goals. In an inductive field study of four large state‐owned enterprises based in mainland Communist China, operational middle managers were found to take an active role in dealing with political actors to achieve market efficiency in their local environments, performing two distinct bridging strategies. Our field study suggests that middle managers are better equipped than their bosses (top executives) as well as their subordinates (frontline employees) to perform the bridging function between competing market and political imperatives in various local settings.Managerial summary: For firms that operate in diverse geographies, it is challenging for a handful of top executives to deal with numerous political actors. This burden could be shared with operational middle managers, who play a bridging role by drawing on their operational knowledge and local networks. Our research on middle managers who work under the scrutiny of political actors in China found that they bridge market and political ideology by conveying common features that seem legitimate to both. They also bridge market goals and political actors with personal affect. Compared to top executives and frontline employees, middle managers have unique advantages in performing these bridging functions. Firms can enhance their strategy execution ability by training middle managers in dealing with political actors in diverse contexts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational knowledge networks and local search: The role of intra‐organizational inventor networks
Authors: Paruchuri Srikanth , Awate Snehal 
Published: March 2016

Research summary: While firms tend to build on their own knowledge, we distinguish between depth and breadth of local search to investigate the drivers of these behaviors. Given that inventors in a firm carry out the knowledge creation activities, we strive to identify inventors responsible for these behaviors by employing the notion of an intra‐firm inventor network. A longitudinal examination of 14,575 inventors from four large semiconductor firms using patent data supports our hypotheses that the reach of inventors in the intra‐firm network and their span of structural holes have independent and interactive effects on these two types of local search behaviors. These findings have implications for research on exploitation and exploration, organizational knowledge, knowledge networks, and micro‐foundations.Managerial summary: Large amounts of knowledge may reside within firm boundaries, and managers are interested in understanding who may leverage this knowledge to generate novel ideas. We focus on collaborations among knowledge workers to address this question. Using the collaborations among all knowledge workers in a firm, we show that those who have higher reach to all others and those who form bridges to connect unconnected groups of workers tend to leverage not only more organizational knowledge, but also knowledge that is more dispersed in the organization. Managers could use these insights to shape the use of organizational knowledge by firm inventors, and also to make decisions about granting or withholding access to internal knowledge platforms for knowledge workers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tiny giants of gene regulation: experimental strategies for microRNA functional studies
Authors: Steinkraus Bruno R. , Toegel Markus , Fulga Tudor A. 
Published: March 2016

The discovery over two decades ago of short regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) has led to the inception of a vast biomedical research field dedicated to understanding these powerful orchestrators of gene expression. Here we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and techniques underpinning the experimental pipeline employed for exploratory miRNA studies in animals. Some of the greatest challenges in this field have been uncovering the identity of miRNA–target interactions and deciphering their significance with regard to particular physiological or pathological processes. These endeavors relied almost exclusively on the development of powerful research tools encompassing novel bioinformatics pipelines, high‐throughput target identification platforms, and functional target validation methodologies. Thus, in an unparalleled manner, the biomedical technology revolution unceasingly enhanced and refined our ability to dissect miRNA regulatory networks and understand their roles in vivo in the context of cells and organisms. Recurring motifs of target recognition have led to the creation of a large number of multifactorial bioinformatics analysis platforms, which have proved instrumental in guiding experimental miRNA studies. Subsequently, the need for discovery of miRNA–target binding events in vivo drove the emergence of a slew of high‐throughput multiplex strategies, which now provide a viable prospect for elucidating genome‐wide miRNA–target binding maps in a variety of cell types and tissues. Finally, deciphering the functional relevance of miRNA post‐transcriptional gene silencing under physiological conditions, prompted the evolution of a host of technologies enabling systemic manipulation of miRNA homeostasis as well as high‐precision interference with their direct, endogenous targets. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:311–362. doi: 10.1002/wdev.223This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory RNA
Technologies > Perturbing Genes and Generating Modified Animals
β‐catenin‐driven binary cell fate decisions in animal development
Authors: Bertrand Vincent 
Published: March 2016

The Wnt/β‐catenin pathway plays key roles during animal development. In several species, β‐catenin is used in a reiterative manner to regulate cell fate diversification between daughter cells following division. This binary cell fate specification mechanism has been observed in animals that belong to very diverse phyla: the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the annelid Platynereis, and the ascidian Ciona. It may also play a role in the regulation of several stem cell lineages in vertebrates. While the molecular mechanism behind this binary cell fate switch is not fully understood, it appears that both secreted Wnt ligands and asymmetric cortical factors contribute to the generation of the difference in nuclear β‐catenin levels between daughter cells. β‐Catenin then cooperates with lineage specific transcription factors to induce the expression of novel sets of transcription factors at each round of divisions, thereby diversifying cell fate. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:377–388. doi: 10.1002/wdev.228This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Worms
Structural colors: from natural to artificial systems
Authors: Fu Yulan , Tippets Cary A. , Donev Eugenii U. , Lopez Rene 
Published: March 2016

Structural coloration has attracted great interest from scientists and engineers in recent years, owing to fascination with various brilliant examples displayed in nature as well as to promising applications of bio‐inspired functional photonic structures and materials. Much research has been done to reveal and emulate the physical mechanisms that underlie the structural colors found in nature. In this article, we review the fundamental physics of many natural structural colors displayed by living organisms as well as their bio‐inspired artificial counterparts, with emphasis on their connections, tunability strategies, and proposed applications, which aim to maximize the technological benefits one could derive from these photonic nanostructures. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:758–775. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1396This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology