bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preanalytic Variables in Cytology: Lessons Learned From Next-Generation Sequencing—The MD Anderson Experience
Authors: Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Stewart John 
Published: June 2016

Context.—
As our understanding of genomic alterations underlying solid tumor malignancies continues to evolve, molecular testing of tumor samples is increasingly used to guide therapeutic management. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a novel platform for the simultaneous screening of multiple genes using small amounts of DNA. Several recent studies have described NGS mutational analysis using cytologic specimens. The cytopathologist's role in specimen assessment and triaging is critical to effectively implementing NGS in routine cytology practice.

Objectives.—
To review the NGS experience and a variety of preanalytic factors that affect NGS success rates of cytologic specimens at our institution.

Data Sources.—
To evaluate cytology specimen adequacy rates for NGS, we reviewed a 14-month period of image-guided fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsies used for testing. In addition, we reviewed data from our previously published studies to evaluate preanalytic factors affecting NGS success in these specimens.

Conclusions.—
Identifying factors that affect NGS success rates in cytology specimens is crucial for a better understanding of specimen adequacy requirements and for proper use of limited-volume tissue samples. In our practice, which uses direct smears as well as cell block sections, NGS success rates in core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration samples are comparable. The chance of successful testing is further increased by procuring concurrent fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy samples. The type of glass slides used for direct smears and the method of tissue extraction affect our DNA yield. Validating a DNA input for cytology samples that is lower than that recommended by the manufacturer has significantly increased our NGS success rate.
L’affectation à un but durable, vers une nouvelle forme d’appropriation des biens communs? Réflexions autour de l’article 1030 du Code civil du Québec
Authors: Gidrol-Mistral Gaële 
Published: June 2016

L’article 1030 du Code civil du Québec est mieux connu pour son principe du droit au partage que pour la possibilité qu’il offre de le tenir en échec lorsque le bien commun se trouve affecté à un but durable. Bien que l’affectation à but durable soit le plus souvent cantonnée aux affectations objectives de biens mis au service d’autres biens ou destinés à l’exploitation de ces derniers, la généralité de la rédaction de cet article ouvrirait la voie à des affectations sans relation directe avec d’autres biens. S’appuyant sur une analyse jurisprudentielle et doctrinale, cette étude révèle l’existence d’affectations subjectives qui détachent l’affectation du bien commun de toute relation de dépendance à d’autres biens. L’affectation durable reposerait dès lors sur un intérêt commun cristallisé dans la somme des intérêts propriétaires, voire sur un intérêt collectif autonome, dévoilant ainsi une nouvelle facette de l’indivision, outil moderne de gestion collective, réfléchie et durable des biens communs.
Contrat de volume : quels effets? Quelques leçons tirées du contrat de service américain
Authors: Kolli Kamelia 
Published: June 2016

La liberté contractuelle cause de nombreux remous en transport maritime. Elle est au centre de l’éternelle controverse opposant les chargeurs et les transporteurs. Celle-ci remonte à l’époque des negligence clauses auxquelles le Harter Act américain (1893) avait mis fin et qui a été suivi à l’international par les Règles de La Haye, par les Règles de La Haye-Visby et par les Règles de Hambourg. Finalement, les conventions maritimes sont fondées sur un régime impératif de responsabilité. Les Règles de Rotterdam devaient initialement suivre la voie de l’impérativité, devenue ainsi la tradition. Pourtant, un tournant a été amorcé avec l’introduction du contrat de volume inspiré directement du service contract américain et qui permettrait aux parties de négocier librement les conditions de services appropriées à leurs besoins. Cette approche commerciale marquant la résurrection de la liberté contractuelle est censée adapter le droit maritime à la réalité moderne des échanges et des transports de lignes régulières. Depuis les années 80, cette industrie a, en effet, subi de profondes transformations pour intégrer la chaîne logistique des chargeurs (supply chain management). En dehors d’une confrontation entre liberté et impérativité, longuement débattue par la doctrine, l’analyse de l’approche commerciale et de ses conséquences a été occultée par la communauté juridique. Notre objectif est alors de déterminer, à l’aune du contrat de service américain et du supply chain management, les soubassements de cette approche commerciale pour en déduire les changements que le contrat de volume impliquerait pour les opérateurs de transport si les Règles de Rotterdam venaient à entrer en vigueur.
Municipalités et hydrocarbures : chargées à blanc sur la ligne de front?
Authors: Tremblay Hugo 
Published: June 2016

Les municipalités cristallisent fréquemment l’opposition aux énergies fossiles. À
cet égard, la portée de l’action municipale dépend de la marge de manoeuvre juridique dont
elles disposent. Cet article explore les pouvoirs que possèdent les municipalités
relativement aux projets de développement et de transport des hydrocarbures. L’étude de
trois litiges impliquant des municipalités permet d’aborder successivement les limites du
champ d’action réglementaire des municipalités dans le cadre constitutionnel canadien, les
mécanismes de conciliation entre la réglementation municipale et la législation provinciale,
et les contraintes imposées par le risque de poursuites en responsabilité à l’encontre des
municipalités.
Acquisition of cell-adhesion capability of the surface of crosslinked albumin films irradiated with atmospheric-pressure plasma jets
Authors: Shirafuji Tatsuru , Iwamura Mami , Taga Ryosuke , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Nakajima Kota , Ogata Yuji , Tanaka Kenji , Tachibana Akira , Tanabe Toshizumi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Crosslinked albumin films, to which L929 cells do not attach by nature, acquire the L929-cell-adhesion capability by irradiation of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) of He gas. The number of attached cells was 2.6 × 104 cells/cm2 after the APPJ irradiation for 180 s, while conventional UV photolithography, which was performed in our previous work, required 2 h to obtain the same order of magnitude of the number of attached cells. The contact angle of samples decreased steeply from 105 to 38° in the first 10 s irradiation, but decreased quite gradually from 38 to 32° with increasing irradiation time from 10 to 180 s. In contrast to the nonlinear variation in the contact angles, the number of attached cells almost linearly increased from 4.5 × 103 to 2.6 × 104 cells/cm2 with increasing treatment time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the samples indicated that hydrophilic functional groups of C–C=O gradually formed with increasing APPJ irradiation time up to 180 s. These results suggest that the cell-adhesion capability of the crosslinked albumin films is not simply explained by the decrease in contact angle but also by the formation of oxidized functional groups on the surface. The effects of UV and vacuum UV light from APPJ were negligible, which indicates that the formation of oxidized functional groups on the surface is not caused by photon-assisted surface reactions but by reactions involving chemically active species supplied from APPJ.
Roles of charged particles and reactive species on cell membrane permeabilization induced by atmospheric-pressure plasma irradiation
Authors: Sasaki Shota , Kanzaki Makoto , Hokari Yutaro , Tominami Kanako , Mokudai Takayuki , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Kaneko Toshiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
As factors that influence cell membrane permeabilization during direct and indirect atmospheric-pressure plasma irradiation, charged particle influx, superoxide anion radicals (O2
−∙), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plasma-irradiated solution were evaluated. These are the three strong candidate factors and might multiply contribute to cell membrane permeabilization. In particular, a shorter plasma diffusion distance leads to the enhancement of the direct effects such as charged particle influx and further increase cell membrane permeability. In addition, O2
−∙ dissipates over time (a life span of the order of minutes) in plasma-irradiated water, and the deactivation of a plasma-irradiated solution in term of cell membrane permeabilization occurs in a life span of the same order. These results could promote the understanding of the mechanism of plasma-induced cell membrane permeabilization.
Fluence-dependent dynamics of the 5d6s exchange splitting in Gd metal after femtosecond laser excitation
Authors: Frietsch Björn , Carley Robert , Gleich Markus , Teichmann Martin , Bowlan John , Weinelt Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We investigate the fluence-dependent dynamics of the exchange-split 5d6s valence bands of Gd metal after femtosecond, near-infrared (IR) laser excitation. Time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) with extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probe pulses is used to simultaneously map the transient binding energies of the minority and majority spin valence bands. The decay constant of the exchange splitting increases with fluence. This reflects the slower response of the occupied majority-spin component, which we attribute to Elliot–Yafet spin-flip scattering in accordance with the microscopic three-temperature model (M3TM). In contrast, the time constant of the partly unoccupied minority-spin band stays unaffected by a change in pump fluence. Here, we introduce as an alternative to superdiffusive spin transport exchange scattering, which is an ultrafast electronic mechanism explaining the observed dynamics. Exchange scattering can reduce the spin polarization in the partially unoccupied minority-spin band and thus its energetic position without effective demagnetization.
Photographic observation of magnetic domain structure with three-dimensional local magnetization direction
Authors: Meguro Sakae , Akahane Koichi , Saito Shin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The direction of magnetization of a magnetic material is possibly oriented three-dimensionally because of the presence of magnetic anisotropy field, self-demagnetizing field, and stray field. Therefore, the three-dimensional detection of the direction of magnetization is required. The method of magnetic domain observation by photographic imaging utilizing the Kerr effect is widely used. If the perpendicular magnetization components exist, there is a problem that obliquely incident light has superimposed longitudinal Kerr and polar Kerr effects. To perform the three-dimensional detection of magnetization direction, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of the polar Kerr effect from the Kerr effect of obliquely incident light. We report the photographic observation of the magnetic domain structure and the detection of the three-dimensional local magnetization direction using the Kerr effect, applying only an in-plane saturation magnetic field.
Clinical and prognostic value of preoperative hydronephrosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Yuejun , Gong Yuwen , Pang Yangyang , Wang Zhiping , Hong Mei 
Published: June 2016

Background.Epidemiological studies have reported various results relating preoperative hydronephrosis to upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the clinical significance and prognostic value of preoperative hydronephrosis in UTUC remains controversial. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis of the extent of the possible association between preoperative hydronephrosis and the risk of UTUC.Methods.We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase to identify eligible studies written in English. Summary odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models.Results.Nineteen relevant studies, which had a total of 5,782 UTUC patients enrolled, were selected for statistical analysis. The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of preoperative hydronephrosis was evaluated in the UTUC patients. The results showed that all tumor stages, lymph node status and tumor location, as well as the risk of cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were significantly different between UTUC patients with elevated preoperative hydronephrosis and those with low preoperative hydronephrosis. High preoperative hydronephrosis indicated a poor prognosis. Additionally, significant correlations between preoperative hydronephrosis and tumor grade (high grade vs. low grade) were observed in UTUC patients; however, no significant difference was observed for tumor grading (G1 vs. G2 + G3 and G1 + G2 vs. G3). In contrast, no such correlations were evident for recurrence status or gender in UTUC patients.Conclusions.The results of this meta-analysis suggest that preoperative hydronephrosis is associated with increased risk and poor survival in UTUC patients. The presence of preoperative hydronephrosis plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of UTUC.
Towards evenly distributed grazing patterns: including social context in sheep management strategies
Authors: di Virgilio Agustina , Morales Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2016

Background.A large proportion of natural grasslands around the world is exposed to overgrazing resulting in land degradation and biodiversity loss. Although there is an increasing effort in the promotion of sustainable livestock management, rangeland degradation still occurs because animals’ foraging behaviour is highly selective at different spatial scales. The assessment of the ecological mechanisms modulating the spatial distribution of grazing and how to control it has critical implications for long term conservation of resources and the sustainability of livestock production. Considering the relevance of social interactions on animals’ space use patterns, our aim was to explore the potential effects of including animals’ social context into management strategies using domestic sheep grazing in rangelands as case study.Methods.We used GPS data from 19 Merino sheep (approximately 10% of the flock) grazing on three different paddocks (with sizes from 80 to 1000 Ha) during a year, to estimate resource selection functions of sheep grazing in flocks of different levels of heterogeneity. We assessed the effects of sheep class (i.e., ewes, wethers, and hoggets), age, body condition and time since release on habitat selection patterns.Results.We found that social rank was reflected on sheep habitat use, where dominant individuals (i.e., reproductive females) used more intensively the most preferred areas and low-ranked (i.e., yearlings) used less preferred areas. Our results showed that when sheep grazed on more heterogeneous flocks, grazing patterns were more evenly distributed at all the paddocks considered in this study. On the other hand, when high-ranked individuals were removed from the flock, low-ranked sheep shifted their selection patterns by increasing the use of the most preferred areas and strongly avoided to use less preferred sites (i.e., a highly selective grazing behaviour).Discussion.Although homogenization and segregation of flocks by classes are common practices to increase flock productivity, we are proposing an alternative that employs behavioural interactions in heterogeneous flocks to generate more evenly distributed grazing patterns. This practice can be combined with other practices such as rotational grazing and guardian dogs (to decrease mortality levels that may be generated by sheep grazing on more risky habitats). This does not imply any modifications of livestock stocking rates and densities or any additional investments for labour and materials. Considering livestock behaviour is critical for the design of sustainable management practices that balance landscape conservation and livestock productivity.
Mycophenolate Mofetil and New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: You Yijun , Zhou Zhuochao , Wang Fan , Li Jian , Liu Honglei , Cheng Xiaobing , Su Yutong , Chen Xiaowei , Zheng Hui , Sun Yue , Shi Hui , Hu Qiongyi , Xu Jing , Teng Jialin , Yang Chengde , Ye Junna 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAnti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody has been reported to have a close relationship with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares and participates in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) as well as causing damage to other organs. However, whether early use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could prevent SLE flares is not clear.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of MMF plus prednisone and hydroxychloroquine sulfate compared with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine sulfate alone in patients with SLE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis investigator-initiated, multicenter, observer-blinded randomized clinical trial enrolled 130 participants aged 18 to 65 years and was conducted in 3 hospitals across China. Treatment-naive patients with newly diagnosed SLE, a high titer of anti-dsDNA antibody, and no major organ involvement were included. The study was started September 1, 2018, and the follow-up was completed September 30, 2021. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1 to receive oral prednisone (0.5 mg/kg/d) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (5 mg/kg/d) (control group) or prednisone (0.5 mg/kg/d) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (5 mg/kg/d) plus MMF (500 mg twice daily) (MMF group) for 96 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of patients presenting with flares according to the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) Flare Index. The secondary outcomes included the proportion with lupus low disease activity state at week 96, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores before and after treatment, proportion of adverse events (AEs), and changes in SLEDAI-2000 scores and prednisone doses.ResultsAmong 130 randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 34.5 [12.5] years; 112 [86.2%] women), 119 (91.5%) completed the follow-up. The risk of severe flare was significantly lower in the MMF group (7 of 65 [10.8%]) vs the control group (18 of 65 [27.7%]) (relative risk [RR], 0.39 [95% CI, 0.17-0.87]; P = .01). Additionally, 1 of 65 patients in the MMF group (1.5%) and 9 of 65 in the control group (13.8%) manifested LN (RR, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.01-0.85]; P = .008). Most common serious study drug–related AEs were infections (20 of 65 [30.8%] in the control group and 22 of 65 [33.8%] in the MMF group).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this randomized clinical trial suggest that MMF may reduce the rate of severe flare and lower the incidence of LN in patients with new-onset SLE and a high titer of anti-dsDNA antibody without major organ involvement.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800017540
Microplastics in the Olfactory Bulb of the Human Brain
Authors: Amato-Lourenço Luís Fernando , Dantas Katia Cristina , Júnior Gabriel Ribeiro , Paes Vitor Ribeiro , Ando Rômulo Augusto , de Oliveira Freitas Raul , da Costa Ohanna Maria Menezes M. , Rabelo Renata S. , Soares Bispo Kelly Cristina , Carvalho-Oliveira Regiani , Mauad Thais 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceMicroplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental and health concern. While MPs have been detected in various human tissues, their presence in the human brain has not been documented, raising important questions about potential neurotoxic effects and the mechanisms by which MPs might reach brain tissues.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of MPs in the human olfactory bulb and to analyze their characteristics such as size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series study used a cross-sectional design involving the analysis of olfactory bulb tissues obtained from deceased individuals during routine coroner autopsies. The sampling procedures were conducted at São Paulo City Death Verification Service, with laboratory analysis carried out at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Participants included 15 adult individuals who had been residents of São Paulo for more than 5 years and underwent coroner autopsies. Exclusion criteria included previous neurosurgical interventions. Data analysis was performed in April 2024.ExposureThe primary exposure assessed was the presence of MPs in the olfactory bulb, analyzed through direct tissue examination and digested tissue filtration followed by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were the identification and characterization of MPs within the olfactory bulb, including their size, morphology, color, and polymeric composition.ResultsThe median age of the 15 deceased individuals was 69.5 years, ranging from 33 to 100 years, with 12 males and 3 females. MPs were detected in the olfactory bulbs of 8 out of 15 individuals. A total of 16 synthetic polymer particles and fibers were identified, with 75% being particles and 25% being fibers. The most common polymer detected was polypropylene (43.8%). Sizes of MPs ranged from 5.5 μm to 26.4 μm for particles, and the mean fiber length was 21.4 μm. Polymeric materials were absent in procedural blank and negative control filters, indicating minimal contamination risk.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series provides evidence of MPs found in the human olfactory bulb, suggesting a potential pathway for the translocation of MPs to the brain. The findings underscore the need for further research on the health implications of MP exposure, particularly concerning neurotoxicity and the potential for MPs to bypass the blood-brain barrier.
An Introduction to the Chemistry and Properties of Excited‐State Mixed‐Valence Systems
Authors: Ramírez‐Wierzbicki Ivana , Cotic Agustina , Cadranel Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While ground‐state mixed‐valence systems are very well known, excited‐state mixed‐valence (ES‐MV) systems received comparably less attention. Intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) excited states, locally excited mixed‐valence (LE‐MV) systems, and photoinduced mixed‐valence (PI‐MV) systems are different types of ES‐MV systems. They are the simplest models for excited‐state electron transfer reactions, and therefore crucial in the development of solar energy conversion schemes. IVCT exited states are the best‐known ES‐MV systems and are usually called electronic isomers or redox isomers of the ground state. Their back electron transfer reactivity depends on whether it proceeds with or without spin conservation. LE‐MV systems feature locally excited donors or acceptors, and their reactivity might be dominated by locally excited states or IVCT excited states. PI‐MV systems include charge transfer counterparts, which can adopt different spatial distributions with respect to the mixed‐valence core. Depending on the location of the charge‐transfer counterpart, drastic changes in the electronic configuration of PI‐MV systems can arise, with equally important impact on their reactivity in comparison to only the donor or the acceptor. This review addresses different processes that lead to the generation of ES‐MV systems, their properties, reactivity, and spectroscopy. Additionally, the experimental techniques usually employed to study ES‐MV systems are briefly discussed, together with theoretical formalisms and classifications which were developed for the ground state but can also be applied to the excited state.