bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Screening of Older Adults in Israel According to Life Expectancy: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bareket Ronen , Schonberg Mara A. , Comaneshter Doron , Schonmann Yochai , Shani Michal , Cohen Arnon , Vinker Shlomo 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo examine over‐screening of older Israelis for colon and breast cancer.DesignCross sectional.SettingClalit Health Services (CHS), Israel's largest health maintenance organization (HMO), provides care for more than half of the country's population and operates a national age‐based programs for cancer screening.ParticipantsAll community‐dwelling members aged 65 to 79 in 2014 (N = 370,876).MeasurementsWe used CHS data warehouse to evaluate cancer screening during 2014. Life expectancy (LE) was estimated using the validated Schonberg index.ResultsAlmost one‐quarter (23.1%; 15.6% of adults aged 65–74, 42.7% of adults aged 75–79) of the study population had an estimated LE of less than 10 years. Annual fecal occult blood test and biannual mammography rates among adults aged 65 to 74 with a LE of 10 years or longer were 37.1% and 70.0%, respectively. Rates dropped after age 75 (4.0%, 19.5%) and to a lesser extent with a LE of less than 10 years (31.6%, 56.4%). Prostate‐specific antigen testing is not part of the national screening program, and the proportion of people tested (42.6%), did not vary similarly with age of 75 and older (43.2%) or LE of less than 10 years (38.1%).ConclusionThe cancer screening inclusion criteria of the national referral system have a strong effect on receipt of screening; LE considerations are less influential. Some method of estimating LE could be incorporated into algorithms to improve individualized cancer screening to reduce over‐ and underscreening of older adults.
Types and Nature of Parental Support for Overweight Students to Cope With Weight‐Related Teasing
Authors: Zhao Qi , Li Weidong , Rukavina Paul B. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDParental support can protect adolescents from various forms of bullying. There is a lack of in‐depth information about what social support parents provide to overweight adolescents when they are teased at school. In this study, we took an initial step to address this gap in the literature by describing the types and nature of support that parents provided to their overweight child when they were teased.METHODSA conversational style semistructured interview/prompts and probes were conducted with 28 volunteering parents. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data. Data trustworthiness was established through a variety of strategies.RESULTSSix themes emerged from the data: (1) having conversations, being encouraging, and “being supportive”; (2) using religion to teach self‐acceptance and comfort their child; (3) offering advice on how to cope with the teasing; (4) fostering their child's self‐esteem; (5) teaching reality and acceptance of criticism in early life; and (6) seeking support from other parents or professionals.CONCLUSIONSParents offered multiple supports for their child when they were teased. This information can facilitate the development of effective family‐based interventions on coping with teasing among overweight students. Future research is also needed to examine the effectiveness of the recommended interventions.
A School‐Based Dental Program Evaluation: Comparison to the Massachusetts Statewide Survey
Authors: Culler Corinna S. , Kotelchuck Milton , Declercq Eugene , Kuhlthau Karen , Jones Kari , Yoder Karen M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based dental programs target high‐risk communities and reduce barriers to obtaining dental services by delivering care to students in their schools. We describe the evaluation of a school‐based dental program operating in Chelsea, a city north of Boston, with a low‐income and largely minority population, by comparing participants' oral health to a Massachusetts oral health assessment.METHODSStandardized dental screenings were conducted for students in kindergarten, third, and sixth grades. Outcomes were compared in bivariate analysis, stratified by grade and income levels.RESULTSA greater percentage of Chelsea students had untreated decay and severe treatment need than students statewide. Yet, fewer Chelsea third graders had severe treatment need, and more had dental sealants. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Chelsea students having severe treatment need or dental sealants by income level.CONCLUSIONSStudents participating in our program do not have lower decay levels than students statewide. However, they do have lower levels of severe treatment need, likely due to treatment referrals. Our results confirm that school‐based prevention programs can lead to increased prevalence of dental sealants among high‐risk populations. Results provide support for the establishment of full‐service school‐based programs in similar communities.
Maternal concerns and perceptions of elementary school‐age children's weight status
Authors: Hernandez Daphne C. , Reesor Layton , Kabiri Laura S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with maternal concerns for her child becoming overweight, and how these concerns are related to her perceptions of her child's weight.DesignA school‐based sample of 55 children and their mothers from Houston, Texas, participated in a cross‐sectional survey. Mothers reported on their concerns and perceptions regarding their child's weight. Child and mother height and weight were directly assessed to calculate body mass index (BMI). Covariate‐adjusted logistic regression models were conducted.ResultsOver one‐third of mothers misperceived their child's weight status [9% (n = 5) overestimated; 27% (n = 15) underestimated]. Mothers of sons were less accurate compared with mothers of daughters. For every one unit increase in maternal BMI, mothers had 13% higher odds of being concerned of their child becoming overweight. Concerned mothers had 82% lower odds of underestimating their child's weight.Practice ImplicationsIn order for school‐based childhood obesity prevention and intervention programs to be successful, parents must accurately perceive their elementary school‐age child's weight status. School nurses can be vital to these efforts through proper training and resources. Nurses can use the “School Nurse Childhood Obesity Toolkit” and motivational interviewing techniques to address parental concerns and perceptions prior to teaching behavior modification strategies to children/families.
Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors (TIMPs) in Meningiomas of Dogs
Authors: Mandara M.T. , Reginato A. , Foiani G. , De Luca S. , Guelfi G. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are considered to be key mediators of tumor invasion and metastasis.MMP‐2 andMMP‐9 are expressed in meningiomas of dogs, butTIMPexpression, and variations of specificMMP/TIMPratios still are unknown in this tumor.Hypothesis/ObjectivesExpression ofMMP/TIMPmight increase progressively from grade I to gradeIIImeningioma. Therefore, genetic expression ofMMP‐2 andMMP‐9, and specificTIMP‐2 andTIMP‐1, respectively, has been investigated in meningiomas of different grades.AnimalsSelected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue from 43 meningiomas of dogs was evaluated.MethodsGenetic material was obtained from pathologic samples and used for quantitative reverse transcriptase real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR).ResultsMMP‐9 was not expressed in all of the tumors, butMMP‐2 was significantly more expressed in papillary meningioma. Likewise, theMMP‐2/TIMP‐2 ratio was numerically higher in papillary meningiomas compared to all grades (>3.5 times) showing a strong bias in favor of metalloproteinase. In the papillary meningioma,TIMP‐1 gene expression was significantly higher than in grades I andIII.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMMP‐2/TIMP‐2 imbalance might contribute to the aggressive biologic behavior of papillary meningiomas in dogs.TIMP‐1 expression may play a role independent ofMMP‐9 expression in neoplastic progression. These results further support that therapeutic and prognostic evaluations of dogs with meningioma need to be addressed according to different histologic patterns as is performed in humans.
Consumer Willingness to Pay for a Saline Fish Species Grown in the US Midwest: The Case of Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis
Authors: Quagrainie Kwamena K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe US Midwest region has saline water resources that include saline aquifers, saline springs, water from oil extraction, effluents from coal beneficiation, water produced from coal‐bed methane production, and other industrial effluents. There is considerable quantity of saline water in the Midwest to support a saltwater aquaculture industry. Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is a saline fish species that has attracted interest in the Midwest region for aquaculture production. The study used willingness‐to‐pay information from consumers to assess the potential market for striped bass grown in the Midwest. The results suggest that males and consumers of age 29 yr and younger are more likely to pay higher amounts for striped bass. In particular, consumers who prefer farmed and fresh seafood, those who purchase seafood frequently for home consumption, and those who consume seafood 26–50% of the time when eating out have a higher probability of paying higher amounts for striped bass grown in the Midwest.
Terrestrial biosphere models underestimate photosynthetic capacity and CO2 assimilation in the Arctic
Authors: Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. , Ely Kim S. , Sloan Victoria L. , Wullschleger Stan D. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are highly sensitive to model representation of photosynthesis, in particular the parameters maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate at 25°C (Vc,max.25 and Jmax.25, respectively). Many TBMs do not include representation of Arctic plants, and those that do rely on understanding and parameterization from temperate species.

We measured photosynthetic CO2 response curves and leaf nitrogen (N) content in species representing the dominant vascular plant functional types found on the coastal tundra near Barrow, Alaska.

The activation energies associated with the temperature response functions of Vc,max and Jmax were 17% lower than commonly used values. When scaled to 25°C, Vc,max.25 and Jmax.25 were two‐ to five‐fold higher than the values used to parameterize current TBMs. This high photosynthetic capacity was attributable to a high leaf N content and the high fraction of N invested in Rubisco. Leaf‐level modeling demonstrated that current parameterization of TBMs resulted in a two‐fold underestimation of the capacity for leaf‐level CO2 assimilation in Arctic vegetation.

This study highlights the poor representation of Arctic photosynthesis in TBMs, and provides the critical data necessary to improve our ability to project the response of the Arctic to global environmental change.
Cancer screening participation in schizophrenic outpatients and the influence of their functional disability on the screening rate: A cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Masaki , Inagaki Masatoshi , Nakaya Naoki , Fujimori Maiko , Higuchi Yuji , Hayashibara Chinatsu , So Ryuhei , Kakeda Kyoko , Kodama Masafumi , Uchitomi Yosuke , Yamada Norihito 
Published: September 2017

AimThe influence of schizophrenic patients’ functional disability on cancer screening participation worldwide is unclear. There are few findings on the disparities in schizophrenic patients’ participation in cancer screening programs in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the screening rate and the associations between screening and symptom severity/functional disability in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in a psychiatric hospital outpatient clinic in Japan. We recruited schizophrenic patients meeting the national program criteria for cancer screening for colorectal, gastric, lung, breast, and cervical cancer (n = 224, 223, 224, 110, and 175, respectively). Receipt of cancer screenings was assessed using a self‐report questionnaire. Scores on the modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF) were evaluated by participants’ primary psychiatrists.ResultsRates of cancer screenings were as follows: 24.1% for colorectal, 21.5% for gastric, 30.8% for lung, 25.5% for breast, and 19.4% for cervical cancer. A multivariable logistic analysis showed that a 1‐point increase in severity/disability (100 minus mGAF score) was associated with significantly lower odds ratios (OR) for receipt of cancer screenings, except for breast cancer (OR, 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–0.98 for colorectal; OR, 0.96, 95%CI, 0.93–0.98 for gastric; OR, 0.95, 95%CI, 0.93–0.97 for lung; OR, 0.97, 95%CI, 0.94–1.00 for breast; and OR, 0.95, 95%CI, 0.92–0.98 for cervical cancer).ConclusionThe findings demonstrated low rates of cancer screenings in schizophrenic patients in Japan. Our study suggests the need to encourage attendance at cancer screenings, especially in schizophrenic patients with severe symptoms/functional disability.
Personality correlates of individual differences in the recruitment of cognitive mechanisms when rewards are at stake
Authors: Heritage Allan J. , Long Laura J. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Zald David H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIndividuals differ greatly in their sensitivity to rewards and punishments. In the extreme, these differences are implicated in a range of psychiatric disorders from addiction to depression. However, it is unclear how these differences influence the recruitment of attention, working memory, and long‐term memory when responding to potential rewards. Here, we used a rewarded memory‐guided visual search task and ERPs to examine the influence of individual differences in self‐reported reward/punishment sensitivity, as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scales, on the recruitment of cognitive mechanisms in conditions of potential reward. Select subscales of the BAS, including the fun seeking and reward responsiveness scales, showed unique relationships with context updating to reward cues and working memory maintenance of potentially rewarded stimuli. In contrast, BIS scores showed unique relationships with deployment of attention at different points in the task. These results suggest that sensitivity to rewards (i.e., BAS) and to punishment (i.e., BIS) may play an important role in the recruitment of specific and distinct cognitive mechanisms in conditions of potential rewards.
Unified Empirical Likelihood Ratio Tests for Functional Concurrent Linear Models and the Phase Transition from Sparse to Dense Functional Data
Authors: Wang Honglang , Zhong Ping-Shou , Cui Yuehua , Li Yehua 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe consider the problem of testing functional constraints in a class of functional concurrent linear models where both the predictors and the response are functional data measured at discrete time points. We propose test procedures based on the empirical likelihood with bias-corrected estimating equations to conduct both pointwise and simultaneous inferences. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived under the null and local alternative hypotheses, where sparse and dense functional data are considered in a unified framework. We find a phase transition in the asymptotic null distributions and the orders of detectable alternatives from sparse to dense functional data. Specifically, the tests proposed can detect alternatives of √n-order when the number of repeated measurements per curve is of an order larger than nη0 with n being the number of curves. The transition points η0 for pointwise and simultaneous tests are different and both are smaller than the transition point in the estimation problem. Simulation studies and real data analyses are conducted to demonstrate the methods proposed.
Monetary Policy with Sectoral Trade‐Offs
Authors: Petrella Ivan , Rossi Raffaele , Santoro Emiliano 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe formulate a two‐sector New Keynesian economy featuring sectoral heterogeneity along three dimensions: price stickiness, consumption goods durability, and the usage of input materials in production. These factors affect both inter‐sectoral and intra‐sectoral stabilization. We examine the welfare properties of simple rules that react to alternative measures of final goods price inflation. Due to factor demand linkages, the cost of production in one sector is influenced by price‐setting in the other sector. Therefore, measures of aggregate inflation weighting sectoral prices based on their relative stickiness do not allow one to keep track of the effective speeds of sectoral price adjustment.
Olive mill waste and glyphosate‐based herbicide addition to olive grove soils: effects on microbial activities and their responses to drying–rewetting cycles
Authors: Boukhdoud N. , Farnet Da Silva A. M. , Darwish T. , Gros R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of agronomic practices usually implemented in olive groves (addition of olive mill waste and herbicides) on soil microbial communities and to test whether drought enhanced such effects. For that purpose, mesocosms containing soil cores from olive groves were incubated for 5 months under either of the three treatments: (i) addition of olive mill waste (OMW), (ii) addition of glyphosate‐based herbicide (Gly treatment) and (iii) both treatments. Half of the mesocosms were subjected or not (controls) to drying–rewetting cycles (D/Rw) for 1 month (1 D/Rw) or 3 months (3 D/Rw). In the controls, 2 months after the Gly treatment, higher lipase activities were observed compared with no practice treatment as well as a significant change in catabolic profiles of cultivable microbial communities. Three months later, lipase activities significantly decreased under the Gly treatment. Addition of OMW together with Gly treatment counteracted the negative effect of the herbicide on lipase activities. After three D/Rw cycles, Gly treatment modified catabolic profiles and induced a decrease in functional diversity. Overall, the combination of glyphosate‐based herbicide with OMW was a conservative practice that maintained soil functioning and led to a better response to D/Rw cycles.
Sex differences in the role of phospholipase A2‐dependent arachidonic acid pathway in the perivascular adipose tissue function in pigs
Authors: Ahmad Abdulla A. , Randall Michael D. , Roberts Richard E. 
Published: September 2017

Key points
The fat surrounding blood vessels (perivascular adipose tissue or PVAT) releases vasoactive compounds that regulate vascular smooth muscle tone.
There are sex differences in the regulation of vascular tone, but, to date, no study has investigated whether there are sex differences in the regulation of blood vessel tone by PVAT.
This study has identified that the cyclooxygenase products thromboxane and PGF2α are released from coronary artery PVAT from pigs.
Thromboxane appears to mediate the PVAT‐induced contraction in arteries from females, whereas PGF2α appears to mediate the contraction in arteries from males.
These sex differences in the role of these prostanoids in the PVAT‐induced contraction can be explained by a greater release of thromboxane from PVAT from female animals and greater sensitivity to PGF2α in the porcine coronary artery from males.
AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) causes vasoconstriction. In this present study, we determined the role of cyclooxygenase‐derived prostanoids in this contractile response and determined whether there were any sex differences in the regulation of vascular tone by PVAT. Contractions in isolated segments of coronary arteries were determined using isolated tissue baths and isometric tension recording. Segments were initially cleaned of PVAT, which was then re‐added to the tissue bath and changes in tone measured over 1 h. Levels of PGF2α and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were quantified by ELISA, and PGF2α (FP) and thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor expression determined by Western blotting. In arteries from both male and female pigs, re‐addition of PVAT caused a contraction, which was partially inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and flurbiprofen. The FP receptor antagonist AL8810 attenuated the PVAT‐induced contraction in arteries from males, whereas the TP receptor antagonist GR32191B inhibited the PVAT‐induced contraction in arteries from females. Although there was no difference in PGF2α levels in PVAT between females and males, PGF2α produced a larger contraction in arteries from males, correlating with a higher FP receptor expression. In contrast, release of TXB2 from PVAT from females was greater than from males, but there was no difference in the contraction by the TXA2 agonist U46619, or TP receptor expression in arteries from different sexes. These findings demonstrate clear sex differences in PVAT function in which PGF2α and TXA2 antagonists can inhibit the PVAT‐induced vasoconstriction in male and female PCAs, respectively.
Evaluation of the Innate Immune Modulator Acitretin as a Strategy To Clear the HIV Reservoir
Authors: Garcia-Vidal Edurne , Castellví Marc , Pujantell Maria , Badia Roger , Jou Antoni , Gomez Lucia , Puig Teresa , Clotet Bonaventura , Ballana Ester , Riveira-Muñoz Eva , Esté José A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe persistence of HIV despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is a major roadblock to HIV eradication. Current strategies focused on inducing the expression of latent HIV fail to clear the persistent reservoir, prompting the development of new approaches for killing HIV-positive cells. Recently, acitretin was proposed as a pharmacological enhancer of the innate cellular defense network that led to virus reactivation and preferential death of infected cells. We evaluated the capacity of acitretin to reactivate and/or to facilitate immune-mediated clearance of HIV-positive cells. Acitretin did not induce HIV reactivation in latently infected cell lines (J-Lat and ACH-2). We could observe only modest induction of HIV reactivation by acitretin in latently green fluorescent protein-HIV-infected Jurkat cells, comparable to suboptimal concentrations of vorinostat, a known latency-reversing agent (LRA). Acitretin induction was insignificant, however, compared to optimal concentrations of LRAs. Acitretin failed to reactivate HIV in a model of latently infected primary CD4+T cells but induced retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) expression in infected and uninfected cells, confirming the role of acitretin as an innate immune modulator. However, this effect was not associated with selective killing of HIV-positive cells. In conclusion, acitretin-mediated stimulation of the RIG-I pathway for HIV reactivation is modest and thus may not meaningfully affect the HIV reservoir. Stimulation of the RIG-I-dependent interferon (IFN) cascade by acitretin may not significantly affect the selective destruction of latently infected HIV-positive cells.