bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardness and Wear Resistance of TiC-Fe-Cr Locally Reinforcement Produced in Cast Steel
Authors: Olejnik E. , Szymański Ł. , Kurtyka P. , Tokarski T. , Grabowska B. , Czapla P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In order to increase wear resistance cast steel casting the TiC-Fe-Cr type composite zones were fabricated. These zones were obtained by means of in situ synthesis of substrates of the reaction TiC with a moderator of a chemical composition of white cast iron with nickel of the Ni-Hard type 4. The synthesis was carried out directly in the mould cavity. The moderator was applied to control the reactive infiltration occurring during the TiC synthesis. The microstructure of composite zones was investigated by electron scanning microscopy, using the backscattered electron mode. The structure of composite zones was verified by the X-ray diffraction method. The hardness of composite zones, cast steel base alloy and the reference samples such as white chromium cast iron with 14 % Cr and 20 % Cr, manganese cast steel 18 % Mn was measured by Vickers test. The wear resistance of the composite zone and the reference samples examined by ball-on-disc wear test. Dimensionally stable composite zones were obtained containing submicron sizes TiC particles uniformly distributed in the matrix. The macro and microstructure of the composite zone ensured three times hardness increase in comparison to the cast steel base alloy and one and a half times increase in comparison to the white chromium cast iron 20 % Cr. Finally ball-on-disc wear rate of the composite zone was five times lower than chromium white cast iron containing 20 % Cr.
Micro-jet Cooling by Compressed Air after MAG Welding
Authors: Węgrzyn T. , Piwnik J. , Tarasiuk W. , Stanik Z. , Gabrylewski M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The material selected for this investigation was low alloy steel weld metal deposit (WMD) after MAG welding with micro-jet cooling. The present investigation was aimed as the following tasks: analyze impact toughness of WMD in terms of micro-jet cooling parameters. Weld metal deposit (WMD) was first time carried out for MAG welding with micro-jet cooling of compressed air and gas mixture of argon and air. Until that moment only argon, helium and nitrogen and its gas mixture were tested for micro-jet cooling.
Preparation and Characterization of St. John’s Wort Herb Extracts Using Olive, Sunflower and Palm Oils
Authors: Arsić Ivana 
Published: June 2016

Summary
The aim of the study was to obtain St. John’s wort herb extract (drug:extract ratio 1:5), in a traditional way, using different solvents (sunflower, olive and palm oils) with or without antioxidants (0,02% alpha-tocopherol and 0,01% butylhydroxyanisol). Their characterization was done (organoleptic features, relative density, refractive index, acid number) immediately after the preparation, and during the period of 12 months (the samples were stored at room temperature, 22±2°C).
The type of oil used for the extraction of St. John’s wort herb has a significant influence on organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of extracts. Oil extracts had approximately the same values for refractive index and relative density as solvents used for extraction. The acid numbers of extracts were slightly higher compared to the used oils. Using the antioxidants for preparing the St. John’s wort oil liquid herb extracts did not change the acid number of extracts made using sunflower and palm oils, while oil extracts made using olive oil and tocopherol or BHA had lower acid number values. During the period of 12 months, only extracts which were made using three different vegetable oils, with the use of antioxidants, showed satisfactory physicochemical, chemical and microbiological stability (with no significant changes in organoleptic properties, relative density, refractive index, acid number value and microbiological safety), which points to the necessity of using antioxidants in the preparation of St. John’s wort oil herb extracts, using the traditional method.
Application of Precision Agriculture Technology in Podlaskie Voivodeship
Authors: Borusiewicz Andrzej , Kapela Krzysztof , Drożyner Paulina , Marczuk Tomasz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to evaluate the precision agriculture technology on the territory of Podlaskie Voivodeship. Research material consisted of data from the survey carried out in 100 randomly selected farms located in Podlaskie Voivodeship. The concept of “precision agriculture” is known among the surveyed farmers. Based on the research which was carried out, a relation between the surface area of the farm, education and age of respondents was reported. Precision agriculture technology is more popular among farmers who are less than 40 years old, who have higher education and big agricultural farms. Majority of farmers participating in the survey carries out regular research on the soil richness. Moreover, 46% uses in their farms modern technologies for plant production, only 10% uses the system of positioning and 8% of the investigated farms uses the system for guiding agricultural machines, 14% of the investigated farmers uses the system for parallel guiding of a tractor, less than 40% applies the system of variable dosing of fertilizers and plant protection substances. Majority of the investigated farmers claims that new technologies are necessary and they should be applied; however, they indicate too high costs and distribution of farms as the main reason for limitations.
Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste based on Moving Grate Technology
Authors: Cyranka Maciej , Jurczyk Michał 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to analyse possibilities and advantages of energy recovery from municipal solid waste during the thermal treatment in boilers with a moving grate system. The state of the art of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) boilers was investigated mainly by reviewing papers published in scientific journals and at conferences but also by taking into consideration reports from research institutes. The article shows the main aspects that determine the popularity of this type of boilers as well as new solutions which greatly improve the process of thermal treatment of waste. It proves that waste incineration boilers based on the moving grate technology prevail mainly because of its simplicity, reliability and effective energy generation to which special attention was paid. Additionally, the article mentions how WtE boilers are designed and operated to incinerate municipal waste with a great variation in composition with simultaneous notable energy recovery and low environmental impacts. Contemporary development of the Polish WtE infrastructure can be a very important factor influencing the national municipal waste management together with renewable energy and energy efficiency policies.
Geometrical Features of Seeds of New Pumpkin Forms
Authors: Ogrodowska Dorota , Roszkowska Beata , Tańska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Plant growers are looking for new crops which would make farms and processing plants more profitable. Currently, in Poland, waste-free pumpkin processing is mainly associated with pumpkin seed production, oil extraction, pulverization of pumpkin oil cake to obtain pumpkin meal, the small-scale use of flesh in food production, but mainly the utilisation of flesh as a feed additive. During technological processes applied for the processing of pumpkin seeds it is important to be familiar with their physical characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyse the geometric characteristics of the seeds of new nine forms of the pumpkin variety Olga, which were bred by researchers from the Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Geometrical features were measured using the Digital Image Analysis (DIA) set, consisting of a digital camera (Nikon DXM 1200), computer and lighting (KAISER RB HF). The following geometrical features were measured: length, width, diameter, perimeter, area, circularity and elongation. Additionally, thickness of the seeds was measured by a calliper. Seeds of the studied forms of hull-less pumpkins differed from the standards in the dimensions and shape, whereas significant differences were demonstrated for the Olga variety standard. The most variable geometric characteristic of the seeds under study was area, while the least variable geometric characteristics of the pumpkin seeds turned out to be the circularity and width.
Clients' Preferences and Development of Organic Food Distribution Channels
Authors: Olech Elżbieta , Kuboń Maciej 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to know preferences of consumers from Małopolskie Voivodeship as a fundamental factor of growth and functioning of distribution channels of organic products. A fast development of the organic products market as well as growing requirements of the society with regard to the quality of sale and form are observed. More and more often consumers pay attention to the source of goods and the form in which the product is offered to them. Research and analyses are a precious source of information for agricultural producers on account of production orientation and the form of sale. It will also facilitate development of existing distribution channels and formation of new ones. Research results indicate that consumers are interested in the purchase of products in small packaging or loose. Sums which they spend on organic food do not exceed PLN 400 per a month.
Effect of Cutting Speed and Depth on the Course of Resultant Force Acting on a Cultivator Tine
Authors: Owsiak Zygmunt , Lejman Krzysztof , Pieczarka Krzysztof , Sekutowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper presents research results on the effect of cutting depth and speed on the resultant force tilt angle and location of its application point on a flexible tine ended with a cultivator point. The studies were carried out in field conditions in sandy clay with the gravimetric moisture of 11.2% and volumetric density of 1470 kg·m−3. Tines whose flexibility coefficient was 0.0061; 0.0711; 0.0953 and 0.1406 m·kN−1 were used. It was found out that that the resultant force tilt angle raises at the increase of the cutting speed and drops at the increase of depth but this angle and its gradient at the increase of the cutting depth grow along with the decrease of the flexibility coefficient of tines. The increase of the cutting speed and depth causes the decrease of both the distance of the resultant force application point on the tool from the bottom of a furrow and a proportion of this parameter to the cutting depth. The courses of the distance of the resultant force application point on the tool from the bottom of a furrow and courses of proportion of this parameter to the cutting depth as the function of cutting do not differ significantly for tines with higher flexibility coefficients while for the most rigid tine values of these parameters and their gradients are higher. All obtained courses of the analysed values as a function of depth and cutting speed were described with regression equations.
Impact of Coffee Grounds Addition on the Calorific Value of the Selected Biological Materials
Authors: Sołowiej Piotr , Neugebauer Maciej 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was, inter alia, to determine the impact of coffee grounds on the heat of combustion of their combination with other biological materials. Research on the heat of combustion and calculations of the calorific value were carried out with the use of a KL-12 Mn calorimeter according to the technical specifications and standards PN-81/G–04513 i PN-ISO 1928:2002. Coffee grounds, tea grounds, pine wood and yellow wheat straw were used in the research. The heat of combustion of particular substrates was determined and then their mixtures with coffee grounds in the following proportion were prepared: 75% substrate – 25% coffee grounds, 50% substrate – 50% coffee grounds, 25% substrate – 75% coffee grounds. Calorific value of particular substrates was increasing with the amount of added coffee grounds. Their biggest flow was reported in the mixture of 50%/50% of coffee grounds and wheat straw and the smallest in case of coffee grounds and wood on account of a similar calorific value of both substrates.
Recent archaeomagnetic studies in Slovakia: Comparison of methodological approaches
Authors: Kubišová Lenka 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We review the recent archaeomagnetic studies carried out on the territory of Slovakia, focusing on the comparison of methodological approaches, discussing pros and cons of the individual applied methods from the perspective of our experience. The most widely used methods for the determination of intensity and direction of the archaeomegnetic field by demagnetisation of the sample material are the alternating field (AF) demagnetisation and the Thellier double heating method. These methods are used not only for archaeomagnetic studies but also help to solve some geological problems. The two methods were applied to samples collected recently at several sites of Slovakia, where archaeological prospection invoked by earthwork or reconstruction work of developing projects demanded archaeomagnetic dating. Then we discuss advantages and weaknesses of the investigated methods from different perspectives based on several examples and our recent experience.
GPU-based parallel method of temperature field
analysis in a floor heater with a controller
Authors: Forenc Jaroslaw 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A parallel method enabling acceleration of the
numerical analysis of the transient temperature field in
an air floor heating system is presented in this paper. An
initial-boundary value problem of the heater regulated by
an on/off controller is formulated. The analogue model is
discretized using the implicit finite difference method. The
BiCGStab method is used to compute the obtained system
of equations. A computer program implementing simultaneous
computations on CPUand GPU(GPGPUtechnology)
was developed. CUDA environment and linear algebra libraries
(CUBLAS and CUSPARSE) are used by this program.
The time of computations was reduced eight times
in comparison with a program executed on the CPU only.
Results of computations are presented in the form of time
profiles and temperature field distributions. An influence
of a model of the heat transfer coefficient on the simulation
of the system operation was examined. The physical
interpretation of obtained results is also presented.Results
of computations were verified by comparing them with solutions
obtained with the use of a commercial program -
COMSOL Mutiphysics.
A Energy-Saving Path-Shared Protection Based on Diversity Network Coding for Multi-rate Multicast in WDM Mesh Networks
Authors: Zheng Danling , Lv Lei , Liu Huanlin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor improving the survivability and energy saving of multi-rate multicast, a novel energy-saving path-shared protection based on diversity network coding (EPP-DNC) for multi-rate multicast in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mesh networks is proposed in the paper. In the EPP-DNC algorithm, diversity network coding on the source node for multi-rate multicast is adopted to reduce the coding energy consumption by avoiding network coding on the network’s intermediate nodes. To decrease the transmission energy, shortest path shared based on heuristic is proposed to transmit the protection information for the request. To provision request’s working paths efficiency, the working paths are routed on the preselected P-cycles with minimum required links and minimum energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed EPP-DNC can save energy consumption and improve bandwidth utilization.
Permission and obligation intertwined: The twofold modal meaning of the Finnish jussive from a discourse perspective
Authors: Peltola Rea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines the representation of semantic vagueness in discourse as well as the connection between deontic modal meaning and third person reference through the semantics and uses of the Finnish jussive mood. The data used in the analysis come from a collection of newspaper texts and a corpus of dialectal speech. Analyzing jussive forms that give rise to various modal readings, I argue that the two poles of the deontic axis, permission and obligation, are simultaneously present, albeit highlighted to different extents, in the interpretation of a jussive clause. This binary nature of the jussive semantics reveals itself to be a discursive resource: it allows the position of the speaker and other intentional agents to be taken into account in regard to the event that is potentially taking place, thus presenting more than one point of view in the situation. The jussive mood can therefore be regarded as contributing to the dialogical dimension of language.
Limit theorems for the weights and the degrees in anN-interactions random graph model
Authors: Fazekas István , Porvázsnyik Bettina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A random graph evolution based on interactions of N vertices is studied. During the evolution both the preferential attachment rule and the uniform choice of vertices are allowed. The weight of an M-clique means the number of its interactions. The asymptotic behaviour of the weight of a fixed M-clique is studied. Asymptotic theorems for the weight and the degree of a fixed vertex are also presented. Moreover, the limits of the maximal weight and the maximal degree are described. The proofs are based on martingale methods.
Towards a Classification of Weak Hand Holds
Authors: Kimmelman Vadim , Sáfár Anna , Crasborn Onno 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The two symmetrical manual articulators (the hands) in signed languages are a striking modalityspecific
phonetic property. The weak hand can maintain the end position of an articulation while the other
articulator continues to produce additional signs. This weak hand spreading (hold) has been analysed from
various perspectives, highlighting its prosodic, syntactic, or discourse properties. The present study investigates
corpus data from Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) and Russian Sign Language (RSL), two unrelated
sign languages, in order to question the necessity of a sign-language specific notion of ‘buoy’ introduced in the
discourse analysis of American Sign Language by Liddell (2003). Buoys are defined as weak hand holds that
serve as a visible landmark throughout a stretch of discourse, and several types are distinguished based on
their function and form. In the analysis of nearly two and a half hours of narratives and conversations from NGT
and RSL, we found over 600 weak hand holds. We show that these holds can be analysed in terms of regular
phonetic, syntactic, semantic, or discourse notions (or a combination thereof) familiar from the linguistic study
of spoken languages, without the need for a sign language-specific notion of ‘buoy’.
Optimizing of vented injection molding on mechanical performance and miscibility of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate blends
Authors: Negoro Takanori , Wongpajan Rutchaneekorn , Thodsaratpreeyakul Wiranphat , Boonlertsamut Jitlada , Thumsorn Supaphorn , Inoya Hiroyuki , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Blending of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) and polycarbonate (PC) was performed by melt compounding. The blends were subsequently fabricated to dumbbell specimens by vented injection molding. The mechanical properties, thermal characteristic and morphology of RPET/PC blends were investigated as a function of PC contents. Vented injection molding presented an advantage for superior mechanical properties of RPET/PC blends. The addition of PC enhanced impact strength and fracture toughness with remaining tensile properties. The glass transition temperatures of PET and PC shifted toward each other, which indicated their partial miscibility of RPET and PC in the blends. The toughness mechanism of RPET and PC was related to core-shell structure and good interfacial adhesion at higher contents of PC.
Long-Term Treatment with Low Doses of Methamphetamine Promotes Neuronal Differentiation and Strengthens Long-Term Potentiation of Glutamatergic Synapses onto Dentate Granule Neurons
Authors: Baptista Sofia , Lourenço Joana , Milhazes Nuno , Borges Fernanda , Silva Ana Paula , Bacci Alberto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant, affecting hippocampal function with disparate cognitive effects, which depends on the dose and time of administration, ranging from improvement to impairment of memory. Importantly, in the United States, METH is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Modifications of long-term plasticity of synapses originating from the entorhinal cortex onto dentate granule cells (DGCs) have been proposed to underlie cognitive alterations similar to those seen in METH users. However, the effects of METH on synaptic plasticity of the dentate gyrus are unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of long-term administration of METH (2 mg/kg/d) on neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity of immature and mature DGCs of juvenile mice. We used a mouse model of neurogenesis (the G42 line of GAD67-GFP), in which GFP is expressed by differentiating young DGCs. METH treatment enhanced the differentiation of GFP+cells, as it increased the fraction of GFP+cells expressing the neuronal marker NeuN, and decreased the amount of immature DGCs coexpressing doublecortin. Interestingly, METH did not change the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) in more immature neurons, but facilitated LTP induction in more differentiated GFP+and strengthened plasticity in mature GFP−DGCs. The METH-induced facilitation of LTP in GFP+neurons was accompanied with spine enlargement. Our results reveal a specific action of long-term use of METH in the long-term plasticity of excitatory synapses onto differentiating DGCs and might have important implications toward the understanding of the synaptic basis of METH-induced cognitive alterations.
Una mirada a la cátedra de estudios afrocolombianos a partir de las reflexiones de los líderes de la Red Elegguá en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Sotelo Manrique Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2016

A partir del análisis etnometodológico sobre las identidades configuradas por maestros e investigadores de la Cátedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos en la ciudad de Bogotá pertenecientes a la red Elegguá, se aborda una reflexión que se desprende de la crítica de esta red al proceso que bajo un supuesto multiculturalismo alberga un racismo sistemático naturalizado y transversal al orden social colombiano; así mismo se argumenta que uno de los factores que ha legitimado dicho proceso está ligado al Sistema Educativo Nacional encargado de su reproducción. Es decir, se sitúa el debate en la exigencia de cuestionar la educación tradicional del país anclada a la historia oficial y concepto de mestizaje, elementos que conforman los intereses monoculturales del proyecto de Estado Nación colombiano y que han impedido la implementación real de los reconocimientos étnicos de la constitución vigente. En este sentido la historicidad en esta investigación permitió mirar críticamente el lugar en el que permanecen los grupos subalternos, por lo que el abordaje teórico presenta una discusión frente a los límites culturales objetivos del esencialismo y constructivismo como posturas que no están lejos de las construcciones hegemónicas del Estado Nación.