bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the level of sickness on higher mortality in emergency medical admissions to hospital at weekends
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Faisal Muhammad , Richardson Donald , Howes Robin , Beatson Kevin , Speed Kevin , Wright John 
Published: September 2017

Objective Routine administrative data have been used to show that patients admitted to hospitals over the weekend appear to have a higher mortality compared to weekday admissions. Such data do not take the severity of sickness of a patient on admission into account. Our aim was to incorporate a standardized vital signs physiological-based measure of sickness known as the National Early Warning Score to investigate if weekend admissions are: sicker as measured by their index National Early Warning Score; have an increased mortality; and experience longer delays in the recording of their index National Early Warning Score. Methods We extracted details of all adult emergency medical admissions during 2014 from hospital databases and linked these with electronic National Early Warning Score data in four acute hospitals. We analysed 47,117 emergency admissions after excluding 1657 records, where National Early Warning Score was missing or the first (index) National Early Warning Score was recorded outside ±24 h of the admission time. Results Emergency medical admissions at the weekend had higher index National Early Warning Score (weekend: 2.53 vs. weekday: 2.30, p < 0.001) with a higher mortality (weekend: 706/11,332 6.23% vs. weekday: 2039/35,785 5.70%; odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20, p = 0.04) which was no longer seen after adjusting for the index National Early Warning Score (odds ratio = 0.99, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.09, p = 0.87). Index National Early Warning Score was recorded sooner (−0.45 h, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.38, p < 0.001) for weekend admissions. Conclusions Emergency medical admissions at the weekend with electronic National Early Warning Score recorded within 24 h are sicker, have earlier clinical assessments, and after adjusting for the severity of their sickness, do not appear to have a higher mortality compared to weekday admissions. A larger definitive study to confirm these findings is needed.
Axonal Sensorimotor Polyneuropathies
Authors: Li Yuebing 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article describes clinical features of axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathies based on selected etiologies.

Recent Findings: Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathies have been well described for some time. Recent advances include the assessment of the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in the elderly, the recognition of the limited influence of electrodiagnostic testing on the clinical management of uncomplicated axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, the development of guidelines for treatment of painful neuropathy, the identification of risk factors predisposing patients for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, a report on the association of metabolic syndrome and idiopathic axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, and the availability of more cost-effective genetic testing for identifying inherited polyneuropathies.

Summary: Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathies carry an extensive list of differential diagnoses. Diagnosis is based on detailed history, physical examination, recognition of associated neurologic and non-neurologic features, and appropriate testing. Disease-modifying treatments are lacking in many cases. Management focuses on modification of predisposing lifestyle and medical factors, rehabilitation, and pain relief.
Neurophysiologic Studies in the Evaluation of Polyneuropathy
Authors: Kincaid John C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article provides core information on the clinical neurophysiology techniques available for the investigation of disorders of the peripheral nervous system.

Recent Findings: The role of small fiber dysfunction in some types of polyneuropathy is being increasingly appreciated, and neurophysiologic techniques for evaluating the autonomic components of peripheral axons have enhanced our understanding of small fiber dysfunction.

Summary: The principles of nerve conduction studies and needle EMG are presented in this article, along with the patterns of abnormality encountered in patients with polyneuropathy due to large and small fiber involvement.
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders
Authors: Goutman Stephen A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic pathway, therapies, and current understanding of the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The spectrum of motor neuron diseases is reviewed, and the clinical heterogeneity of ALS is described.

Recent Findings: ALS is increasingly recognized as a clinical spectrum disorder with pure upper and pure lower motor neuron presentations, supported by genetic links. The phenotypic variability is broad. Identification of ALS-related genes provides insights into disease mechanisms.

Summary: ALS is a progressive fatal multisystem neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons. Clinical recognition of suspicious symptoms and the appropriate laboratory evaluation are essential to limit diagnostic delay and avoid unnecessary testing and procedures. ALS has broad genetic and hypothesized environmental causes and phenotypic variability. Recognizing related motor neuron diseases will prevent misdiagnosis while allowing proper disease counseling. Although ALS cannot be cured, implementation of appropriate symptomatic treatment is valuable.
Comparison of the outcome of total ankle arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with moderate and severe varus malalignment and that with neutral alignment
Authors: Joo S-D. , Lee K-B. 
Published: September 2017

Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in patients with pre-operatively moderate and severe arthritic varus ankles to those achieved for patients with neutral ankles. Patients and Methods A total of 105 patients (105 ankles), matched for age, gender, body mass index, and follow-up duration, were divided into three groups by pre-operative coronal plane tibiotalar angle; neutral (< 5°), moderate (5° to 15°) and severe (> 15°) varus deformity. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and Short Form (SF)-36 score were used to compare the clinical outcomes after a mean follow-up period of 51 months (24 to 147). Results The post-operative AOFAS, VAS scores, range of movement and complication rates did not significantly differ among three groups. However, there was less improvement in the SF-36 score of the severe varus group (p = 0.008). The mean post-operative tibiotalar alignment was 2.6° (0.1° to 8.9°), 3.1° (0.1° to 6.5°) and 4.6° (1.0° to 10.6°) in the neutral, moderate and severe groups respectively. Although the severe varus group showed less corrected alignment than the neutral group, the mean tibiotalar angles of the three groups were within neutral alignment. Conclusion TAA for moderate and severe varus arthritic deformity showed similar satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes as those obtained by patients in the neutral group when post-operative neutral alignment was achieved. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1335–42.
A 28-year clinical and radiological follow-up of alumina ceramic-on-crosslinked polyethylene total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rajpura A. , Board T. N. , Siney P. D. , Wynn Jones H. , Williams S. , Dabbs L. , Wroblewski B. M. 
Published: September 2017

AimsOur aim in this study was to describe a continuing review of 11 total hip arthroplasties using 22.225 mm Alumina ceramic femoral heads on a Charnley flanged femoral component, articulating against a silane crosslinked polyethylene.Patients and MethodsNine patients (11 THAs) were reviewed at a mean of 27.5 years (26 to 28) post-operatively. Outcome was assessed using the d’Aubigne and Postel, and Charnley scores and penetration was recorded on radiographs. In addition, the oxidation of a 29-year-old shelf-aged acetabular component was analysed.ResultsThe mean clinical outcome scores remained excellent at final follow-up. The mean total penetration remained 0.41 mm (0.40 to 0.41). There was no radiographic evidence of acetabular or femoral loosening or osteolysis. There was negligible oxidation in the shelf-aged sample despite gamma irradiation and storage in air.ConclusionThese results highlight the long-term stability and durability of this type of crosslinked, antioxidant containing polyethylene when used in combination with a small diameter alumina ceramic femoral head. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1286–9.
Preferred Orientation Patterns of Phyllosilicates in Surface Clays
Authors: Wenk H.-R. , Vasin R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe alignment of phyllosilicates in clays has received a lot of attention because it is a major cause of seismic anisotropy in the Earth’s crust. Thus far, all attention has been on shales where the orientation pattern has been attributed to compaction and observed to increase with burial depth and diagenetic processes. Here, for the first time, the same methods that were developed to quantify shale preferred orientation were applied to clays forming in surface environments, a seasonal streambed in Death Valley, California; a mudpool from mud volcanoes in Imperial Valley, California, close to the Salton Sea; and a glacial lake from Val Albigna in the Swiss Alps. Preferred orientation was analyzed quantitatively with high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. All three samples showed strong alignment of phyllosilicates with (001) pole figure maxima 2–4 multiples of a random distribution, comparable to shales, and indicating that significant preferred orientation can be produced at surface conditions. The original alignment during sedimentation may be an important factor for the final microstructure in many shales.
Dry needling the masseter muscle in the treatment of myofascial pain: case reports
Authors: Reis Larissa De Oliveira , De Oliveira Diego Azi , Dias Isabela Maddalena , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves , Leite Fabíola Pessoa Pereira 
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment with dry needling (AS) in the masseter muscle of patients diagnosed with myofascial pain as the pain symptoms and the mouth opening (AB). After sample size calculation, we selected 10 patients referred for treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) diagnosed with MP, with or without limited mouth opening according to Axis I of the RDC/TMD, who underwent six DN sessions, once a week. Pain measurement using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and an evaluation of the extent of mouth opening were done. All participants were female and the average age was 39.2 years, with 8 (80%) having a diagnosis of myofascial pain with limited mouth opening and 2 (20%) with only myofascial pain. Maximum unaided opening without pain before treatment was 31.9 mm and went to 36.2 mm, and the maximum unaided opening went from 39.6 mm to 43.1 mm. In both, however, could not find statistical significance (p> 0.05). Regarding the mean weekly VAS value, this went from 8.3 before treatment to 2.3 a week later, with statistically significant results (p < 0.05). In this study, the AS in the masseter muscle presented is a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of myofascial pain. KeywordsTemporomandibular joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Dry needling; Trigger points; Myofascial pain.
Stress and strain distributions on short implants with two different prosthetic connections – an in vitro and in silico analysis
Authors: Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Rodrigues Vinicius Anéas , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Nishioka Renato Sussumo 
Published: September 2017

Objective: An ideal biomechanics minimizes the stress between implant and bone that can provide success for osseointegrated implants. This study evaluated the strain concentration in surrounding tissue and stress in the components of two implants with different prosthetic connections through an in vitro and in silico methods. Methods: Twenty polyurethane blocks were divided into two groups (n=10) followed by the installation of internal hexagon (IH) (AS Technology – Titanium Fix, São José dos Campos, Brazil) or locking taper implants (LT) (Bicon Dental Implants). For strain gauge (SG) method, four sensors were placed around the implants. For finite element analysis (FEA), the same block was modeled and analyzed. An axial load (30 kgf) was applied for both methodologies. The values of stress and strain were analyzed for correlation to SG. Results: For SG, LT presented a mean of strain most aggressive (-932) than IH (-632). For FEA, LT showed less stress (-547) then IH (-1169). Conclusion: For two implant’s system, microstrain values capable to induce unwanted bone remodeling were not measured. However, for IH implant, the presence of a retention screw has the disadvantage to concentrate stress while a solid abutment dissipates the axial load through the implant that suggests a better performance for LT group. Keywords: Finite elements analyses; Dental implant; Strain gauge.
Zur Kooperation zwischen Behörden und Zivilgesellschaft in der Unterstützung Geflüchteter
Authors: Daphi Priska 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Behörden und Zivilgesellschaft wird oft eine hohe Bedeutung in der Unterstützung Geflüchteter beigemessen. Angesichts dieser hohen Erwartungen wirft dieser Beitrag einen differenzierten Blick auf diese Kooperation und beleuchtet dabei die Potentiale und Bedenken, die von beiden Seiten abgewogen werden. Der Beitrag weist zum einen auf die Vielfalt von Kooperationsformen und -motiven hin. Zum anderen macht er deutlich, dass sich in der Definition einer guten Kooperation die grundsätzliche Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Zivilgesellschaft und staatlicher Politik verbirgt.
Asyl, eine Frage der Kultur?
Authors: Graf Laura 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der ‚Willkommenskultur‘ ist seit 2015 gesamtgesellschaftlich präsent. Von wem wird er genutzt, und mit welchen Absichten? Der Beitrag resümiert die mediale und politische Verhandlung von Ehrenamt im Rahmen der sogenannten ‚Flüchtlingskrise‘ nach 2015. Zu konstatieren sind in diesem Zusammenhang nicht nur die Nutzbarmachung von Engagement für ein Krisennarrativ der Überforderung, sondern auch Tendenzen der Entprofessionalisierung Sozialer Arbeit und staatliche Disziplinierungsversuche zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements. Gleichzeitig finden im Schatten der ‚Willkommenskultur‘ drastische Entrechtungen Asylsuchender statt. Vor diesem Hintergrund steht ehrenamtliches Engagement vor der Herausforderung, eine politische und demokratische Rolle einzunehmen und zu verteidigen.
The emergence of the Ladakhi inferential and experiential markers from a marker for admirativity (non-commitment): the case ofḥdugandsnaŋ
Authors: Zeisler Bettina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Ladakhi inferential markers /-suk/ ~ /-sok/ and /-tok/ ~ /-tuk/ can be shown to be related to the Old and Classical Tibetan verbḥdug, originally a lexical verb with the meaning ‘stay, live, sit’. The development ofḥduginto auxiliaries for the opposite evidential values of external direct knowledge (or immediate sense perception) and of indirect knowledge (or inferences) in various modern Tibetic dialects has a parallel in the development of the Classical Tibetan verbsnaŋ, originally ‘shine, appear’ into auxiliaries for both direct and indirect knowledge in some Balti and Ladakhi varieties. This parallel development indicates that the dominant factor underlying the choice of the auxiliaries is not a question of sources of knowledge and access channels (evidentiality) but a speaker’s attitude of commitment or non-commitment (admirativity)
Microbial and classic food web components under ice cover in eutrophic lakes of different morphometry and fisheries management
Authors: Kalinowska Krystyna , Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka , Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta , Hutorowicz Joanna , Pyka Jakub , Stawecki Konrad , Kapusta Andrzej , Chybowski Łucjan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The thickness and duration of ice cover are strongly influenced by global warming. The aim of this study was to determine chemical (organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations) and biological (nanoflagellates, ciliates, phytoplankton, rotifers, crustaceans) parameters under the ice cover in three eutrophic lakes (Masurian Lake District, Poland), differing in their morphometry and fisheries management. All the studied groups of organisms showed high variability over a short time. Taxonomic composition of planktonic communities, except for rotifers and phytoplankton, was similar in all lakes. Nanoflagellates were dominated by autotrophic forms, while ciliates were primarily composed of small oligotrichs and prostomatids. Nano-sized diatoms and mixotrophic cryptophytes were the most important components of phytoplankton and they formed an under-ice bloom in one lake only. Rotifers were mainly represented by Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra dolichoptera and Asplanchna priodonta. Among crustaceans, copepods clearly dominated over cladocerans. Our research suggests that winter was a very dynamic period. In the under-ice conditions, pelagic organisms were strongly dependent on each other. The shallow lake and the deeper, small lake differed significantly in nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations, ciliate and phytoplankton biomass and the ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic biomass. These results suggest that morphometric parameters may affect planktonic organisms during the ice-covered period.
Baltic Sea Holocene evolution based on OSL and radiocarbon dating: evidence from a sediment core from the Arkona Basin (the southwestern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Kostecki Robert , Moska Piotr 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the chronology of the Holocene evolution of the Baltic Sea based on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating methods applied to a core taken from the Arkona Basin. The dating results were supplemented by grain size and geochemical analysis. The obtained results of OSL and radiocarbon dating enabled the construction of an age-depth model and confirmed the continuous sedimentation since 9900 cal yrs BP. One of the most interesting findings of this study is a clear relationship between the rate of sedimentation and fluctuations in the energy of depositional environment. The analyzed sediment core revealed two sections of different accumulation rates. The bottom section was deposited until 2700 cal yrs BP when the Ancylus Lake and the Littorina Sea were present, characterized by the accumulation rate estimated at around 0.46 mm year-1 and the dynamic sedimentation environment confirmed by grain size parameters. The accumulation rate at the top section deposited during the Post-Littorina Sea stage was estimated at around 1 mm year-1. This stage, characterized by more stable deposition and lower-energy environment conditions, was confirmed by small grain size, symmetric skewness and increasing content of organic matter.
Correlation between δ13C and δ15N in flying fish (Exocoetus volitans) muscle and scales from the South China Sea
Authors: Wu Libin , Xu Liqiang , Sun Jing , Wang Xueying , Wei Yangyang , Li Yeling , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We collected flying fish (Exocoetus volitans) from the South China Sea to determine whether fish scale isotope values correlate with those from muscle, and discuss relevant eco-environmental implications. A significant positive correlation was determined between fish scales and muscle δ13C and δ15N, rendering a fish scale an alternative to muscle tissue for stable isotope analysis. However, muscle and scale isotopic offsets should be fully considered when using δ13C and δ15N to analyze the actual trophic level of fish and their food source. The average offsets of δ13C and δ15N between muscles and scales are -2.1 ± 0.5‰ and 2.3 ± 0.6‰, respectively, though these values vary slightly with fish mass. Weak correlations were found between δ13C and δ15N, both in the flying fish muscle and scales, suggesting that other factors are influencing δ13C and δ15N. Fish δ15N also correlates with the size of individuals, while δ13C reflects the marine habitat. Based on our data, it appears that more eco-environmental processes can be revealed from modern or ancient flying fish scales.
Structural and IR-spectroscopic characterization of cadmium and lead(II) acesulfamates
Authors: Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Parajón-Costa Beatriz S. , Baran Enrique J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCadmium and lead(II) acesulfamate, Cd(C4H4NO4S)2·2H2O and Pb(C4H4NO4S)2, were prepared by the reaction of acesulfamic acid and the respective metal carbonates in aqueous solution, and characterized by elemental analysis. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The Cd(II) compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/cwithZ=4 and the corresponding Pb(II) salt in the triclinic space groupP1̅ withZ=2. In both salts, acesulfamate acts both as a bi-dentate ligand through its nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms and also as a mono-dentate ligand through this same oxygen atom, giving rise to polymeric structures; in the Pb(II) salt the ligand also binds the cation through its sulfoxido oxygen atoms. The FTIR spectra of the compounds were recorded and are briefly discussed. Some comparisons with other related acesulfamate and saccharinate complexes are made.
Wahlfreiheiten und Autonomieschranken bei der Deckung von Unterkunftsbedarfen durch die Grundsicherung
Authors: Krapp Max-Christopher , von Malottki Christian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Welfare benefit recipients receive support to cover their housing costs. Restricted by a defined amount of money, they are free to act on the rental housing market. The idea is that they should be able to pursue their own housing preferences. Even though this policy contains a variety of autonomy-friendly elements, the housing market nonetheless entails several barriers to autonomy. We find that a broader scope of housing policy is required due to the lack of steering possibilities trough welfare benefits.