bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forms of Address as Discrete Modal Operators
Authors: Sosnowski Wojciech Paweł 
Published: January 2017

Forms of Address as Discrete Modal OperatorsThe category of expressions of politeness includes, among others, forms of address. Forms of address express honorification. Honorification can be defined as a special type of meaning that consists of information about the social and interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, the speaker and the hearer, and the speaker and the protagonist of the predication. As far as their place in the syntactic structure is concerned, forms of address can either be integrated with the other elements of a predication or not. However, they are always part of a predication’s semantic structure. Moreover, forms of address convey the speaker’s attitude to the meaning of the predicate that they want to convey, which consequently means that forms of address also carry a modal element. Modality can be defined as a situation in which an individual is in a particular mental state, i.e. exhibits some kind of attitude to a situation or a type of situations.Forms of address can be categorised as modal operators conveying imperatives, requests, suppositions, etc. The term "operator" can be used for a unit of language when it changes the semantic structure of the predication. My research on honorification is mainly based on contemporary corpora, both monolingual and multilingual. In the present study, I analyse forms of address which carry imperative and optative meanings. Formy adresatywne jako dyskretne operatory modalneW obrębie wyrażeń realizujących funkcje grzecznościowe znajduje się grupa form adresatywnych. Są one częścią kategorii honoryfikatywności rozumianej jako szczególny rodzaj znaczenia zawartego w treści wypowiedzi, informację o towarzysko-społecznej relacji między nadawcą a odbiorcą, nadawcą a słuchaczem oraz nadawcą a bohaterem wypowiedzi. Gramatycznie formy adresatywne mogą być zarówno zintegrowane, jak i niezintegrowane syntaktycznie z resztą wypowiedzi, ale zawsze są częścią semantycznej struktury zdania. Wyrażają one także stosunek mówiącego do komunikatu, jaki przekazuje odbiorcom komunikatu, i tym samym mają przekaz modalny. Przez modalność autor rozumie sytuację, w której dane indywiduum (osoba) znajduje się w danym stanie mentalnym, tj. ma określony stosunek do szeregu sytuacji i typów sytuacji.Formy adresatywne można uznać za dyskretne operatory modalne zawierające takie treści, jak: rozkazuję ci, życzę sobie, przypuszczam i in. Termin ,,operator" używany jest w przypadkach, w których możemy go wskazać jako nośnika zmian w semantycznej strukturze zdania. Współczesne badania nad honoryfikatywnością autor opiera głównie na obecnie opracowywanych narodowych korpusach wielojęzycznych równoległych i jednojęzycznych i analizuje formy adresatywne o znaczeniu imperatywnym i optatywnym.
A Short History of Polish-Ukrainian Terminography
Authors: Łukasik Marek Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

A Short History of Polish-Ukrainian TerminographySpecialised dictionaries fulfil a plethora of linguistic and cognitive functions in specialised communication. In particular, such reference works help introduce, harmonise and standardise national terminologies, thus playing an indispensable role in disseminating high quality specialised knowledge. An even more important role may be attributed to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries, whose primary goal is to facilitate the flow of scientific and technical information at an international level. This function has come to the fore in today’s multinational and interconnected professional world.In light of the developing and ever stronger cooperation between Poland and Ukraine, an attempt is being made to evaluate bilingual and multilingual terminographic works containing Polish and Ukrainian which have been published in Poland to date. The aim is to assess the positive developments and to identify the gaps in Polish-Ukrainian terminography. It is hoped that the findings presented in this paper will be applied by terminographers in order to compile terminological dictionaries of higher quality, which satisfy the needs of specific users and follow terminographic principles. Krótka historia terminografii polsko-ukraińskiejSłowniki specjalistyczne pełnią ważne funkcje lingwistyczne i kognitywne w komunikacji specjalistycznej. W szczególności dzieła terminograficzne umożliwiają rozpowszechnianie, harmonizację i standaryzację terminologii narodowych, stając się niezbędnym narzędziem w transferze wysokiej jakości wiedzy specjalistycznej. Jeszcze ważniejszą rolę można przypisać dwu- i wielojęzycznym słownikom specjalistycznym, których prymarnym celem jest ułatwienie przepływu informacji naukowej i technicznej w wymiarze globalnym, szczególnie w dzisiejszym jednoczącym się, wielonarodowościowym świecie.W świetle rozwijającej się coraz ściślejszej współpracy między Polską i Ukrainą w niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje się próby oceny opublikowanych w Polsce dwu- i wielojęzycznych dzieł terminograficznych z językami polskim i ukraińskim. Celem badania była ewaluacja pozytywnych oraz negatywnych aspektów praktyki terminograficznej polsko-ukraińskiej. Autor ma nadzieję, że wnioski przedstawione w niniejszej pracy znajdą zastosowanie w praktyce przy tworzeniu słowników coraz lepszej jakości, odpowiadających potrzebom konkretnych grup odbiorców oraz stosujących zasady współczesnej terminografii.
Ontologized Lexicographical Systems in Modern Terminography
Authors: Shyrokov Volodymyr , Ostapova Iryna , Nadutenko Maksym , Verbynenko Yulia 
Published: January 2017

Ontologized Lexicographical Systems in Modern TerminographyThe principles of the construction and use of the Virtual Terminographical Laboratory "Welding" are described. VTL "Welding" provides support for the compiling of electronic terminological multimedia dictionaries in the field of welding and allied processes. Zontologizowane systemy leksykograficzne we współczesnej terminografiiW artykule opisane są zasady konstruowania i zastosowania Wirtualnego Laboratorium Terminograficznego w dziedzinie "Spawalnictwa". Wirtualne Laboratorium Terminograficzne zapewnia wsparcie w zestawieniu elektronicznych, multimedialnych słowników terminograficznych w dziedzinie spawalnictwa i powiązanych procesów.
Future Projections of Heat and Fire-Risk Indices for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Weatherly John W. , Rosenbaum Mattson A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIncreasing temperatures and changes in precipitation associated with climate change are expected to have increasing impacts on the contiguous United States in the coming decades, including military training and outdoor activities in general. Projections of daily temperature and precipitation from multiple global climate model projections are used to calculate the days with high heat and drought indices, which also indicate heat-related illness and fire risks. The heat stress index [the wet-bulb black-globe temperature (WBGT)] and drought index (Keetch–Byram drought index) are calculated from climate model projections from 1950–99 and 2070–99 and compared with those calculated from observed weather data for stations across the contiguous United States. Significant increases are projected across the southern United States for the days in the high index category above 32.2°C and high drought category. The higher humidity of the southeastern United States contributes to high WBGT as well, while the air temperatures are greatest in the Southwest. The highest WBGT categories occur for the daytime maximum; however, daily minimum WBGTs in the restricting category also are projected for more than 50 days per year in the Southeast. The high drought index is projected to increase across the Great Plains and the central and southern United States, affecting wildfire risks for military and public lands, including large agricultural regions. These projected impacts can be characterized as widespread and severe for large portions of the United States, with expected impacts to military planning, public health and safety, and natural resource management.
Analyzing Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Yield Distributions of Canola and Spring Wheat in Saskatchewan
Authors: Meng Ting , Carew Richard , Florkowski Wojciech J. , Klepacka Anna M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe IPCC indicates that global mean temperature increases of 2°C or more above preindustrial levels negatively affect such crops as wheat. Canadian climate model projections show warmer temperatures and variable rainfall will likely affect Saskatchewan’s canola and spring wheat production. Drier weather will have the greatest impact. The major climate change challenges will be summer water availability, greater drought frequencies, and crop adaptation. This study investigates the impact of precipitation and temperature changes on canola and spring wheat yield distributions using Environment Canada weather data and Statistics Canada crop yield and planted area for 20 crop districts over the 1987–2010 period. The moment-based methods (full- and partial-moment-based approaches) are employed to characterize and estimate asymmetric relationships between climate variables and the higher-order moments of crop yields. A stochastic production function and the focus on crop yield’s elasticity imply choosing the natural logarithm function as the mean function transformation prior to higher-moment function estimation. Results show that average crop yields are positively associated with the growing season degree-days and pregrowing season precipitation, while they are negatively affected by extremely high temperatures in the growing season. The climate measures have asymmetric effects on the higher moments of crop yield distribution along with stronger effects of changing temperatures than precipitation on yield distribution. Higher temperatures tend to decrease wheat yields, confirming earlier Saskatchewan studies. This study finds pregrowing season precipitation and precipitation in the early plant growth stages particularly relevant in providing opportunities to develop new crop varieties and agronomic practices to mitigate climate changes.
Development of a Flexible, Extendable, and Low-Cost Control Unit for Surface Drifters
Authors: Giudici Andrea , Torsvik Tomas , Soomere Tarmo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn extensible, low-cost drifter control unit (VELELLA) design is presented, developed for use in drifters that are deployed in inland water bodies or near-coast regions. The control unit is custom built from basic components built around a small footprint microcontroller, making use of a GPS receiver for position tracking, a Global System for Mobile Communications [Groupe SpécialMobile (GSM)] radio for data transmission, and two sensor buses to handle analog and digital data generated by an arbitrary array of external sensors. A cloud-based data collection platform has been implemented to receive and store data transmitted over general packet radio service (GPRS) from the drifter. The control unit was found to perform satisfactorily in operational testing, providing data at subhertz frequency for position and temperature during extended time. However, some issues related to temporary data loss and power consumption spikes were identified, indicating that some further development of the control unit is required to achieve a production-ready platform for extensive and prolonged field operations.
Reciprocal signaling by Wnt and Notch specifies a muscle precursor in the C. elegans embryo
Authors: Robertson Scott M. , Medina Jessica , Oldenbroek Marieke , Lin Rueyling 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The MS blastomere produces one-third of the body wall muscles (BWMs) in the C. elegans embryo. MS-derived BWMs require two distinct cell-cell interactions, the first inhibitory and the second, two cell cycles later, required to overcome this inhibition. The inductive interaction is not required if the inhibitory signal is absent. Although the Notch receptor GLP-1 was implicated in both interactions, the molecular nature of the two signals was unknown. We now show that zygotically expressed MOM-2 (Wnt) is responsible for both interactions. Both the inhibitory and the activating interactions require precise spatiotemporal expression of zygotic MOM-2, which is dependent upon two distinct Notch signals. In a Notch mutant defective only in the inductive interaction, MS-derived BWMs can be restored by preventing zygotic MOM-2 expression, which removes the inhibitory signal. Our results suggest that the inhibitory interaction ensures the differential lineage specification of MS and its sister blastomere, whereas the inductive interaction promotes the expression of muscle-specifying genes by modulating TCF and β-catenin levels. These results highlight the complexity of cell fate specification by cell-cell interactions in a rapidly dividing embryo.
3D bioprinting: improvingin vitromodels of metastasis with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments
Authors: Albritton Jacob L. , Miller Jordan S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEven with many advances in treatment over the past decades, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the recognized relationship between metastasis and increased mortality rate, surprisingly little is known about the exact mechanism of metastatic progression. Currently available in vitro models cannot replicate the three-dimensionality and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently to recapitulate many of the known characteristics of tumors in vivo. Our understanding of metastatic progression would thus be boosted by the development of in vitro models that could more completely capture the salient features of cancer biology. Bioengineering groups have been working for over two decades to create in vitro microenvironments for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Over this time, advances in 3D printing technology and biomaterials research have jointly led to the creation of 3D bioprinting, which has improved our ability to develop in vitro models with complexity approaching that of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this Review, we give an overview of 3D bioprinting methods developed for tissue engineering, which can be directly applied to constructing in vitro models of heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. We discuss considerations and limitations associated with 3D printing and highlight how these advances could be harnessed to better model metastasis and potentially guide the development of anti-cancer strategies.
Pex35 is a regulator of peroxisome abundance
Authors: Yofe Ido , Soliman Kareem , Chuartzman Silvia G. , Morgan Bruce , Weill Uri , Yifrach Eden , Dick Tobias P. , Cooper Sara J. , Ejsing Christer S. , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat , Thoms Sven 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Peroxisomes are cellular organelles with vital functions in lipid, amino acid and redox metabolism. The cellular formation and dynamics of peroxisomes are governed by PEX genes; however, the regulation of peroxisome abundance is still poorly understood. Here, we use a high-content microscopy screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify new regulators of peroxisome size and abundance. Our screen led to the identification of a previously uncharacterized gene, which we term PEX35, which affects peroxisome abundance. PEX35 encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein, a remote homolog to several curvature-generating human proteins. We systematically characterized the genetic and physical interactome as well as the metabolome of mutants in PEX35, and we found that Pex35 functionally interacts with the vesicle-budding-inducer Arf1. Our results highlight the functional interaction between peroxisomes and the secretory pathway.
Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy
Authors: Hughes Louise , Borrett Samantha , Towers Katie , Starborg Tobias , Vaughan Sue 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The major mammalian bloodstream form of the African sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei multiplies rapidly, and it is important to understand how these cells divide. Organelle inheritance involves complex spatiotemporal re-arrangements to ensure correct distribution to daughter cells. Here, serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used to reconstruct whole individual cells at different stages of the cell cycle to give an unprecedented temporal, spatial and quantitative view of organelle division, inheritance and abscission in a eukaryotic cell. Extensive mitochondrial branching occurred only along the ventral surface of the parasite, but the mitochondria returned to a tubular form during cytokinesis. Fission of the mitochondrion occurred within the cytoplasmic bridge during the final stage of cell division, correlating with cell abscission. The nuclei were located underneath each flagellum at mitosis and the mitotic spindle was located along the ventral surface, further demonstrating the asymmetric arrangement of cell cleavage in trypanosomes. Finally, measurements demonstrated that multiple Golgi bodies were accurately positioned along the flagellum attachment zone, suggesting a mechanism for determining the location of Golgi bodies along each flagellum during the cell cycle.
Unconstrained metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties
Authors: Aujla R. S. , Sheikh N. , Divall P. , Bhowal B. , Dias J. J. 
Published: January 2017

Aims We performed a systematic review of the current literature regarding the outcomes of unconstrained metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) arthroplasty. Materials and Methods We initially identified 1305 studies, and 406 were found to be duplicates. After exclusion criteria were applied, seven studies were included. Outcomes extracted included pre- and post-operative pain visual analogue scores, range of movement (ROM), strength of pinch and grip, satisfaction and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical and radiological complications were recorded. The results are presented in three groups based on the design of the arthroplasty and the aetiology (pyrocarbon-osteoarthritis (pyro-OA), pyrocarbon-inflammatory arthritis (pyro-IA), metal-on-polyethylene (MoP)). Results Results show that pyrocarbon implants provide an 85% reduction in pain, 144% increase of pinch grip and 13° improvements in ROM for both OA and IA combined. Patients receiving MoP arthroplasties had a reduction in pinch strength. Satisfaction rates were 91% and 92% for pyrocarbon-OA and pyrocarbon-IA groups, respectively. There were nine failures in 87 joints (10.3%) over a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (1.0 to 14.3) for pyro-OA. There were 18 failures in 149 joints (12.1%) over a mean period of 6.6 years (1.0 to 16.0) for pyro-IA. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the limited presentation of data. Conclusion We would recommend prospective data collection for small joint arthroplasties of the hand consisting of PROMs that would allow clinicians to come to stronger conclusions about the impact on function of replacing the MCPJs. A national joint registry may be the best way to achieve this. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:100–6.
High prevalence of noise following Delta ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Salo P. P. , Honkanen P. B. , Ivanova I. , Reito A. , Pajamäki J. , Eskelinen A. 
Published: January 2017

Aims We evaluated the short-term functional outcome and prevalence of bearing-specific generation of audible noise in 301 patients (336 hips) operated on with fourth generation (Delta) medium diameter head, ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Patients and Methods There were 191 female (63%) and 110 male patients (37%) with a mean age of 61 years (29 to 78) and mean follow-up of 2.1 years (1.3 to 3.4). Patients completed three questionnaires: Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Research and Development 36-item health survey (RAND-36) and a noise-specific symptom questionnaire. Plain radiographs were also analysed. A total of three hips (0.9%) were revised. Results There were 52 patients (54 hips, 17%) who reported noise, and in 25 (48%) of them the noise was frequently heard. In the multiple regression analysis, the only independent risk factor for noise was a specific THA brand, with a threefold increased risk (95% confidence intervals 1.39 to 6.45, p = 0.005) of noise compared with the reference THA brand. Patients with noisy hips had lower median OHS (43 versus 46.5, p = 0.002) and their physical functioning (p = 0.021) subscale in RAND-36 was reduced. Conclusion Noise was surprisingly common in this population. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:44–50.
Ankle joint pressure changes in high tibial and distal femoral osteotomies
Authors: Krause F. , Barandun A. , Klammer G. , Zderic I. , Gueorguiev B. , Schmid T. 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo assess the effect of high tibial and distal femoral osteotomies (HTO and DFO) on the pressure characteristics of the ankle joint.Materials and MethodsVarus and valgus malalignment of the knee was simulated in human cadaver full-length legs. Testing included four measurements: baseline malalignment, 5° and 10° re-aligning osteotomy, and control baseline malalignment. For HTO, testing was rerun with the subtalar joint fixed. In order to represent half body weight, a 300 N force was applied onto the femoral head. Intra-articular sensors captured ankle pressure.ResultsIn the absence of restriction of subtalar movement, insignificant migration of the centre of force and changes of maximal pressure were seen at the ankle joint. With restricted subtalar motion, more significant lateralisation of the centre of force were seen with the subtalar joint in varus than in valgus position. Changes in maximum pressure were again not significant.ConclusionThe re-alignment of coronal plane knee deformities by HTO and DFO altered ankle pressure characteristics. When the subtalar joint was fixed in the varus position, migration of centre of force after HTO was more significant than when the subtalar joint was fixed in valgus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:59–65.
Knee joint distraction compared with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: van der Woude J. A. D. , Wiegant K. , van Heerwaarden R. J. , Spruijt S. , Emans P. J. , Mastbergen S. C. , Lafeber F. P. J. G. 
Published: January 2017

Aims Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a relatively new, knee-joint preserving procedure with the goal of delaying total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in young and middle-aged patients. We present a randomised controlled trial comparing the two. Patients and Methods The 60 patients ≤ 65 years with end-stage knee osteoarthritis were randomised to either KJD (n = 20) or TKA (n = 40). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, three, six, nine, and 12 months. In the KJD group, the joint space width (JSW) was radiologically assessed, representing a surrogate marker of cartilage thickness. Results In total 56 patients completed their allocated treatment (TKA = 36, KJD = 20). All patient reported outcome measures improved significantly over one year (p < 0.02) in both groups. At one year, the TKA group showed a greater improvement in only one of the 16 patient-related outcome measures assessed (p = 0.034). Outcome Measures in Rheumatology-Osteoarthritis Research Society International clinical response was 83% after TKA and 80% after KJD. A total of 12 patients (60%) in the KJD group sustained pin track infections. In the KJD group both mean minimum (0.9 mm, standard deviation (sd) 1.1) and mean JSW (1.2 mm, sd 1.1) increased significantly (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0003). Conclusion In relatively young patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis, KJD did not demonstrate inferiority of outcomes at one year when compared with TKA. However, there is a high incidence of pin track infection associated with KJD. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:51–8.