bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New compliance guidance by SEC staff signals increased scrutiny of non-GAAP financial measures
Authors: Parrino Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This article examines compliance and disclosure interpretations issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission in May 2016 that provide guidance to SEC-reporting companies on how they can use financial measures not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in a manner that complies with SEC rules governing the presentation of non-GAAP measures in SEC filings and other public communications.

Design/methodology/approach
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the new interpretive guidance in the context of the increasing use of non-GAAP financial measures by SEC-reporting companies and the SEC’s concern that some companies have been using non-GAAP measures inappropriately to present a materially different picture of their operating performance than investors can discern from financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Findings
Although the appropriate use of non-GAAP financial measures can enhance investor understanding of a company’s business and operating results, a relatively permissive SEC attitude towards the use of non-GAAP measures in recent years has emboldened some companies to increase their reliance on non-GAAP measures in a manner the SEC views as inconsistent with its rules. The SEC staff’s new guidance signals a renewed focus by the SEC on compliance with its requirements concerning the nature of permissible non-GAAP measures and the ways in which companies should present those measures.

Originality/value
This article provides expert guidance on a major new SEC disclosure requirement from experienced securities lawyers.
A scoping review of care received by young people aged 16-25 when admitted to adult mental health hospital wards
Authors: Murcott William 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent, range and nature of literature concerning the mental health inpatient care of the young adult population (16-25 years) who have been admitted to adult mental health wards. This paper reports the findings and positions these in the context of the broader nature to adult inpatient care, evaluates the quality of the evidence and identify gaps in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses an adapted scoping review methodology, allowing for a broad search but utilised established steps that allowed for a structured, rigorous approach to be used. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, plus a secondary hand search were conducted resulting in eight papers, of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods papers.

Findings
Findings show admissions follow similar paths as to adults; admission reasons are largely unknown beyond simple descriptors; admission lengths are unknown whilst on adult wards; staff feel confident yet lack resources; young people feel the transition from CAMHS ward to adult ward can be beneficial if done sensitively; young people have positive experiences of adult wards, including factors that may not be present on CAMHS wards, e.g. role modelling by older patients; young people feel scared and vulnerable, including when excluded from decision making; however, involving young people can cause stress and be confusing if not done sensitively.

Research limitations/implications
The scoping review identified a limited amount of research evidence for the care of young people admitted to adult wards. The research methods used in these papers were varied and none was of a high-quality standard. All studies contained methodological gaps which detract significantly from their findings and conclusions. The studies go some way to fill the gaps in knowledge and evidence base for this group, although in doing this scoping review was to unearth more gaps in knowledge.

Originality/value
This scoping review collates findings from the literature regarding young people’s admissions to adult mental health wards. This sensitive and controversial area of mental health care is shown to be lacking in high-quality research. Young people are being admitted to adult wards in increasing numbers year on year in the UK, yet little research has been conducted to identify when and where treatment has been appropriate. This review provides a start to understanding what is known about admission and treatment for this group and what is not known so that these gaps may be investigated in future research.
Synthesis and grafting of carboxymethyl cellulose from environmental pollutant cellulosic wastes of textile industry
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Ahmed Firoz 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore the use of knitted rag by synthesizing different grades of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by applying multiple-step carboxymethylation techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
CMC was synthesized from knitted rag, a cellulosic waste of textile and garment industries, in aqueous ethanolic sodium hydroxide and subsequently mono-chloroacetic acid reaction medium. Low-substituted to high-substituted products were obtained from single-step to seven-step carboxymethylation of cellulose. In this way, it was possible to produce low-cost and different grades of substituted carboxymethylated cellulose. The synthesized CMC was characterized, and their physical properties were investigated. The structure of CMC and grafted CMC were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Findings
Solubility, CMC content, degree of substitution and molecular weight of CMC were increased gradually with the increase in the number of reaction steps, although fourth step attained the optimum. The cellulosic waste of knitted rag can easily be used to produce value-added products such as CMC and other cellulose derivatives, and that will ultimately reduce the pollution problems from this waste.

Originality/value
Grafting of prepared CMC film with methyl methacrylate monomer increased their strength, although decreased rigidity and moisture content because the incorporation of hydrophobic methyl methacrylate monomer was observed.
Library instruction and information literacy 2015
Authors: Reynolds Latisha , McClellan Samantha , Finley Susan , Martinez George , Linares Rosalinda Hernandez 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight recent resources on information literacy (IL) and library instruction, providing an introductory overview and a selected annotated bibliography of publications covering all library types.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces and annotates English-language periodical articles, monographs, dissertations and other materials on library instruction and IL published in 2015.

Findings
This paper provides information about each source, describes the characteristics of current scholarship and highlights sources that contain either unique or significant scholarly contributions.

Originality/value
The information may be used by librarians and interested parties as a quick reference to literature on library instruction and IL.
Benefits of providing Weingarten rights for nonunion employees
Authors: Abraham Steven 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Unionized employees have the legal right to bring a union representative with them into an investigatory interview if they request it (“Weingarten rights”). This study aims to demonstrate that employers should allow nonunion employees the right to have a co-employee accompany them in a similar type of interview, if the employees make that request.

Design/methodology/approach
Not applicable.

Findings
There will be two benefits to allowing nonunion employees the right to bring a co-employee into an investigatory interview with them. First, this will be a form of organizational justice, and researchers demonstrated the benefits of employees perceiving that they receive organizational justice. Secondly, this will be a form of union substitution which should reduce employees’ desire for unionization.

Originality/value
Whereas most employers seek to avoid the application of Weingarten rights in nonunion workplaces, this article argues that organizations should grant employees this right voluntarily.
Tailoring your benefits strategy for an aging workforce and why it’s good for business
Authors: Frend Andrew 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to help human resources professionals tailor their benefits strategies to accommodate, recruit and maintain an experienced, talented, aging workforce.

Design/methodology/approach
Findings are based on the author’s professional experience in the employee benefits industry and recently published research from the Society for Human Resource Management and other industry and government sources.

Findings
By effectively tailoring benefits packages for their employees, companies can retain their older workers and capitalize on their knowledge and experience in ways that benefit their works and the business’ financial bottom line.

Originality/value
Individuals aged 55 and older will continue to comprise a significant portion of the workforce for the foreseeable future. This paper describes several strategies that companies can use to address the unique needs and challenges these workers face to benefit from their valuable skills and expertise.
Sydney Finkelstein: what makes a “superboss” super?
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Strategy and leadership guru, Sydney Finkelstein believes that “regenerating the talent pool is the single most important thing that any leader can do” to help his or her organization to “survive and prosper.” His new book, Superbosses: How Exceptional Leaders Master the Flow of Talent (Harvard Business Review Press, 2016), studies “those few individuals” in any given industry who “grow human capital better than anyone else.”

Design/methodology/approach
Strategy & Leadership contributing editor Brian Leavy asks Prof. Finkelstein what can managers learn from these exceptional talent developers that might be more widely emulated?

Findings
According to Prof. Finkelstein, “The superboss playbook is not about being nice or empathic. It’s about giving proteges the motivation, guidance, wisdom, creative licence, and other elements they need to learn and grow”

Practical implications
Prof. Finkelstein notes, “While many businesses today focus on getting closer to the customer, superbosses are very much focused on getting closer to their employees or team members.”

Originality/value
Prof. Finkelstein asserts, “Superbosses have cracked the code on how to make organizations work better by designing a playbook that helps people accomplish more than they ever thought possible in their careers, or their lives. By studying the superbosses and what they do, we now know how genuinely unusual talent comes to populate an organization.?
Lateral gene transfer of p‐cresol‐ and indole‐producing enzymes from environmental bacteria to Mastigamoeba balamuthi
Authors: Nývltová Eva , Šut'ák Robert , Žárský Vojtěch , Harant Karel , Hrdý Ivan , Tachezy Jan 
Published: November 2016

Summaryp‐Cresol and indole are volatile biologically active products of the bacterial degradation of tyrosine and tryptophan respectively. They are typically produced by bacteria in animal intestines, soil and various sediments. Here, we demonstrate that the free‐living eukaryote Mastigamoeba balamuthi and its pathogenic relative Entamoeba histolytica produce significant amounts of indole via tryptophanase activity. Unexpectedly, M. balamuthi also produces p‐cresol in concentrations that are bacteriostatic to non‐p‐cresol‐producing bacteria. The ability of M. balamuthi to produce p‐cresol, which has not previously been observed in any eukaryotic microbe, was gained due to the lateral acquisition of a bacterial gene for 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase (HPAD). In bacteria, the genes for HPAD and the S‐adenosylmethionine‐dependent activating enzyme (AE) are present in a common operon. In M. balamuthi, HPAD displays a unique fusion with the AE that suggests the operon‐mediated transfer of genes from a bacterial donor. We also clarified that the tyrosine‐to‐4‐hydroxyphenylacetate conversion proceeds via the Ehrlich pathway. The acquisition of the bacterial HPAD gene may provide M. balamuthi a competitive advantage over other microflora in its native habitat.
Cultural Change Management in Organizations from Competing Perspectives
Authors: BATTEAU ALLEN W. , VILLEGAS GLADIS CECILIA 
Published: November 2016

Since the 1980s, it has generally been accepted that corporations have cultures, and that corporate culture bears an important, if poorly understood, relationship to corporate performance. Figuring out how to measure, fine‐tune, and adjust corporate culture has been a cottage industry within management consulting ever since, employing numerous psychologists, sociologists, management theorists, communication specialists, and occasionally anthropologists. Corporate cultures have been variously characterized as strong, weak, open, closed, flexible, rigid, innovative, traditional, or (more typically) some mélange of all of these. To better understand the relationship between corporate culture and corporate performance, perhaps it would be better to understand culture as a living, breathing entity, not a museum specimen to be examined under laboratory conditions – ethnographically, that is, in a natural rather than artificial environment.In this paper we attempt to construct a dialogue between two contrasting perspectives on organizational culture, that of anthropology and that of management studies. One of us (Batteau) is an anthropologist with 10 years’ experience working in industry and 30 years’ experience in academia; the other (Villegas) is an engineer and management scholar with 6 years’ experience in industry and 22 years’ experience in academia. As we have looked into these competing perspectives, we have begun to realize that anthropological and management perspectives on culture are, as George Bernard Shaw said about the English and the Americans, divided by a common language.We first describe the problem, of how a firm can “manage” its culture. We follow this with three case studies in the US and Colombia where cultural interventions had mixed results. We then contrast two bodies of theory, managerial and anthropological, to show that the contrasts between these two approaches to organizational culture derive primarily from the contrasting agendas of anthropology and management, and finally, we contribute a review of some concepts to take into consideration when making a path between the praxes of Anthropology and Management.
How Asking about the Best Ice Cream Reveals Ourselves
Authors: NG JENNIFER 
Published: November 2016

As an author of a book about ice cream around the world, I am often asked this question: What is the best ice cream? I am often stumped. I know that they want something that they don't know from the “expert”. So when I hesitantly answer, I would give my personal favorite, one that I discovered during my travels—a goat cheese ice cream with roasted cherries from Jeni's Ice Cream in Columbus, Ohio.Yet I was curious—why do people ask that question if it could be potentially disappointing? Do they really want the #1 based on my personal opinion? Did they want to find something new to try? Were they trying to understand my motivation? Were they curious about a story? I unravel this question through an investigation of the intention of the question. When applied to ethnography, how does that question apply? As ethnographers, do we miss an important insight if we don't ask about the best?
The role of latitudinal, genetic and temperature variation in the induction of diapause of Papilio glaucus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Ryan Sean F. , Valella Patti , Thivierge Gabrielle , Aardema Matthew L. , Scriber J. Mark 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA key adaptation in insects for dealing with variable environmental conditions is the ability to diapause. The tiger swallowtail butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis are ideal species to explore the genetic causes and population genetic consequences of diapause because divergence in this trait is believed to be a salient factor in maintaining a hybrid zone between these species. Yet little is known about the factors that influence diapause induction in this system. Here we explored how spatial (latitudinal), environmental (temperature) and genetic (hybridization) factors affect diapause induction in this system. Specifically, a series of growth chamber experiments using wild caught individuals from across the eastern United States were performed to: (1) evaluate how critical photoperiod varies with latitude, (2) isolate the stage in which induction occurs, (3) test whether changes in temperature affected rates of diapause induction, and (4) explore how the incidence of diapause is affected in hybrid offspring. We find that induction occurs in the larval stage, is not sensitive to a relatively broad range of temperatures, appears to have a complex genetic basis (i.e., is not simply a dominant trait following a Mendelian inheritance pattern) and that the critical photoperiod increases by 0.4 h with each increasing degree in latitude. This work deepens our understanding of how spatial, environmental and genetic variation influences a key seasonal adaptation (diapause induction) in a well‐developed ecological model system and will make possible future studies that explore how climatic variation affects the population dynamics and genetics of this system.
Fungal infection dynamics in response to temperature in the lepidopteran insect Galleria mellonella
Authors: Kryukov Vadim Y. , Yaroslavtseva Olga N. , Whitten Miranda M. A. , Tyurin Maksim V. , Ficken Katherine J. , Greig Carolyn , Melo Nadja R. , Glupov Viktor V. , Dubovskiy Ivan M. , Butt Tariq M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examines how the dynamics of fungus–insect interactions can be modulated by temperature. The wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a well‐studied and important model insect whose larvae in the wild develop optimally at around 34 °C in beehives. However, surprisingly little research on wax moths has been conducted at relevant temperatures. In this study, the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii inflicted rapid and substantial mortality on wax moth larvae maintained at a constant temperature of 24 °C, but at 34 °C a 10 fold higher dose was required to achieve an equivalent mortality. The cooler temperature favored fungal pathogenicity, with condial adhesion to the cuticle, germination and hemocoel invasion all significantly enhanced at 24 °C, compared with 34 °C. The wax moth larvae immune responses altered with the temperature, and with the infective dose of the fungus. Enzyme‐based immune defenses (lysozyme and phenoloxidase) exhibited enhanced activity at the warmer temperature. A dramatic upregulation in the basal expression of galiomicin and gallerimycin was triggered by cooling, and this was augmented in the presence of the fungus. Profiling of the predominant insect epicuticular fatty acids revealed a 4–7 fold increase in palmetic, oleic and linoleic acids in larvae maintained at 24 °C compared with those at 34 °C, but these failed to exert fungistatic effects on topically applied fungus. This study demonstrates the importance of choosing environmental conditions relevant to the habitat of the insect host when determining the dynamics and outcome of insect/fungus interactions, and has particular significance for the application of entomopathogens as biocontrol agents.
Laparoscopic‐guided psoas blockade as a novel analgesic method during inguinal herniorrhaphy: a clinical trial
Authors: Tammam T. F. , Salama A. F. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundUnder laparoscopic guidance, block of ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genitofemoral nerves can be possible with anesthetic injection in the plane between psoas major and the fasciae covering its anterior aspects [laparoscopic‐assisted psoas (LAP) blockade]. This observer‐blinded trial aimed to compare the opioid‐sparing effect of LAP block with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block after laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy.MethodsForty‐five male patients were randomly assigned to receive LAP block, group LAP (n = 23), or ultrasound‐guided TAP block, group TAP (n = 22). Primary outcome measure was the analgesic requirements in the first 36 post‐operative hours. Post‐operative pain scores and sensory blockade were recorded.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) total morphine requirement was significantly less in patients who underwent LAP blockade 0 (0, 4) than in patients who underwent TAP blockade 21 (10, 27; P < 0.001). LAP group showed significantly less pain at rest and on coughing compared with TAP group. The median number of dermatomes blocked was 3 (2–4) in LAP group and 3 (3–4) in TAP group (P < 0.05). The highest sensory‐level blockade was at T12 (T11‐L1) in LAP group, while it was at T10 (T10‐T11) in TAP group. The most distal dermatome involvement was at L2 (L2‐L2) in LAP group and at L1 (T12‐L1) in TAP group.ConclusionA single injection LAP blockade significantly reduces the post‐operative analgesic requirements and provides longer pain relief compared with TAP block after laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Larix during the Mid‐Pleniglacial (Greenland Interstadial 8) on Kotelny Island, northern Siberia
Authors: van Geel Bas , Protopopov Albert , Protopopova Victoria , Pavlov Innokenti , van der Plicht Johannes , van Reenen Guido B. A. 
Published: November 2016

Needles, wood and pollen of Larix, recorded in a peat deposit from Kotelny Island, northern Siberia, indicate the local occurrence of larch around 38 000 cal. a BP, which is during the Middle Pleniglacial (Greenland Interstadial 8) of the Weichselian last glacial period. The pollen record, dominated by Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Betula, Alnus, Salix and Artemisia, indicates steppe‐tundra conditions with some shrubs and trees. The distribution of Larix species plays an important role in the reconstruction of climatic conditions during the Weichselian in Siberia. Nowadays Larix does not occur on Kotelny Island and in the present situation the temperature may not be the limiting factor for Larix, but instead the long, snowy winters and the moist tundra vegetation. Our data may contribute to a better understanding of Larix refugia and Weichselian climatic conditions in northern Siberia.
Assessment of the pathogenicity of marine Cladosporium spp. towards mangroves
Authors: Liu Y. , Li Y. , Lin Q. , Zhang Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMangroves play an important role in coastal ecosystems. In this work, Cladosporium spp were isolated from a natural mangrove environment in Zhanjiang Bay, Guangdong Province, China. Ninety‐one isolates were obtained and identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. colocasiae, C. oxysporum, C. perangustum, C. sphaerospermum, C. tenuissimum and C. uredinicola. Forty‐two isolates were selected and tested for pathogenicity towards mangroves. The results showed that pathogenic isolates were found on Avicennia marina, Kandelia candel and Rhizophora stylosa with prevalence of 93.40%, 83.52% and 7.41%, respectively. This indicated that A. marina and K. candel were more vulnerable to Cladosporium ssp. than R. stylosa. Among the seven species, C. colocasiae had the strongest pathogenic effect towards A. marina and K. candel with a prevalence of 100.00%. The rest of the seven species also showed pathogenic effects on the same plants. These results provided valuable insights into the effect of various pathogens on mangroves.