bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Culture and the Valuation of Cash Holdings
Authors: Orlova Svetlana , Rao Ramesh , Kang Tony 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrior studies document that national culture traits are systematically related to cash holdings and attribute this to managerial cultural predispositions. However, it is possible that these preferences reflect investors’ cultural preferences and that managers are simply catering to investors’ preferences. It is also not clear whether the cash holding effects previously documented are value maximizing. By examining the impact of national culture traits on cash valuation, we are able to provide insight into these questions. Specifically, we examine the effect of three national culture traits – individualism, uncertainty avoidance and long‐term orientation – on firm cash valuation. Our results suggest that the previously observed effects of cultural traits on cash holdings and attributed to managerial cultural biases do not reflect investors’ preferences and are not value maximizing.
The Impact of Organizational Innovations in Nursing Homes on Staff Perceptions: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Adams Joost , Verbeek Hilde , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe shift in nursing home care for patients with dementia from traditional task‐driven environments towards patient‐centered small‐scale environments has implications for nursing practice. Information about its implications for nursing staff is lacking, and only a few studies have addressed staff perceptions. We sought to explore staff perceptions of required skills and to determine differences in job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of staff working in both care settings.DesignA secondary data analysis was conducted. The data source used was drawn from a larger study testing the effects of small‐scale living (Verbeek et al., 2009).MethodsNursing staff working on a permanent basis and who were directly involved in care were eligible to participate in the study. Data on job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics of nursing staff working in typical small‐scale and traditional care environments were derived using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences between nursing staff job satisfaction, motivation, and job characteristics were tested using multilinear regression analysis.FindingsIn total, 138 staff members were included (81 staff members working in traditional nursing home wards and 57 staff members working in small‐scale nursing home wards). The findings showed that in typical small‐scale nursing homes, job satisfaction and job motivation were significantly higher compared to those in typical traditional nursing homes. Job autonomy and social support were also significantly higher, while job demands were significantly lower in these small‐scale nursing homes. Social support was found to be the most significant predictor of job motivation and job satisfaction in both types of typical nursing homes. Nursing staff working in traditional care environments more often expressed the intention to switch to small‐scale environments.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that nursing homes environments differ substantially in experienced job satisfaction and job motivation.Clinical RelevanceTo enable a balanced work environment for nursing staff, a clear understanding of the relation between living environments and experienced job satisfaction among nursing staff is required. Since social support seems to be one of the key contributors to a supportive beneficial work climate, managers should focus on enabling this in daily nursing home care.
Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe and the USA: the CHANCES project
Authors: Katsoulis M. , Benetou V. , Karapetyan T. , Feskanich D. , Grodstein F. , Pettersson‐Kymmer U. , Eriksson S. , Wilsgaard T. , Jørgensen L. , Ahmed L. A. , Schöttker B. , Brenner H. , Bellavia A. , Wolk A. , Kubinova R. , Stegeman B. , Bobak M. , Boffetta P. , Trichopoulou A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundHip fractures are associated with diminished quality of life and survival especially amongst the elderly.ObjectiveAll‐cause mortality after hip fracture was investigated to assess its magnitude.MethodsA total of 122 808 participants from eight cohorts in Europe and the USA were followed up for a mean of 12.6 years, accumulating 4273 incident hip fractures and 27 999 deaths. Incident hip fractures were assessed through telephone interviews/questionnaires or national inpatient/fracture registries, and causes of death were verified with death certificates. Cox proportional hazards models and the time‐dependent variable methodology were used to assess the association between hip fracture and mortality and its magnitude at different time intervals after the injury in each cohort. We obtained the effect estimates through a random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsHip fracture was positively associated with increased all‐cause mortality; the hazard ratio (HR) in the fully adjusted model was 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76–2.57, after adjusting for potential confounders. This association was stronger amongst men [HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.72–3.31] than amongst women [HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.54–2.39], although this difference was not significant. Mortality was higher during the first year after the hip fracture [HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 2.12–3.64], but it remained elevated without major fluctuations after longer time since hip fracture [HR (95% CI): 1.89 (1.50–2.37) after 1–4 years; 2.15 (1.81–2.55) after 4–8 years; 1.79 (1.57–2.05) after 8 or more years].ConclusionIn this large population‐based sample of older persons across eight cohorts, hip fracture was associated with excess short‐ and long‐term all‐cause mortality in both sexes.
Children with motor impairment related to cerebral palsy: Prevalence, severity and concurrent impairments in China
Authors: He Ping , Chen Gong , Wang Zhenjie , Guo Chao , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: January 2017

AimCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor impairment in childhood. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, severity and concurrent impairments of CP‐related motor impairment among Chinese children.MethodsChildren with CP‐related motor impairment aged 0–17 years were identified through a national population‐based survey based on World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Logistic regression models allowing for weights were used to examine individual and family factors in relation to CP‐related motor impairment.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of CP‐related motor impairment was 1.25 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.35) in China. Male children, children in multiples and in families where adults suffered from CP, were more likely to be affected by CP‐related motor impairment. For mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe groups of motor impairment, weighted proportions of CP were 14.12% (95%CI: 11.70, 16.95), 20.35% (95%CI: 17.48, 23.56), 27.44% (95%CI: 24.25, 30.87) and 38.09% (95%CI: 34.55, 41.76), respectively; and weighted proportions of concurrent visual, hearing and cognitive impairment were 5.00% (95%CI: 3.59, 6.91), 6.98% (95%CI: 5.34, 9.08) and 71.06% (95%CI: 67.57, 74.31), respectively.ConclusionsGender, multiple births and family adults with CP were significantly associated with CP‐related motor impairment in Chinese children. Proportions of CP and concurrent impairments that increased with severity of motor impairment were observed.
Hair nicotine concentration measurement in cats and its relationship to owner‐reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Smith V. A. , McBrearty A. R. , Watson D. G. , Mellor D. J. , Spence S. , Knottenbelt C. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between hair nicotine concentration in cats and owner‐reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.Materials and MethodsOwner questionnaires documented exposure. Nicotine was extracted from hair by sonification in methanol followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with mass spectrometry. Relationships between hair nicotine concentration and owner‐reported exposure were examined using hypothesis‐testing statistics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe hair nicotine concentration of reportedly exposed cats was significantly higher than unexposed cats and groups of cats with different levels of exposure had significantly different median hair nicotine concentrations corresponding to exposure. A hair nicotine concentration of 0·1 ng/mg had a specificity of 98% (95% confidence interval: 83 to 100) and a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval: 54 to 84) for detecting environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Outdoors access, coat colour, urban or rural environment and length of time living with the owner were not obviously associated with hair nicotine concentration.Clinical SignificanceFeline hair nicotine concentration appears strongly associated with owner‐reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Feline hair nicotine concentration could therefore be used as a biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure, allowing future studies to assess whether exposed cats have an increased risk of specific diseases.
Fungal diversity and specificity in Cephalanthera damasonium and C. longifolia (Orchidaceae) mycorrhizas
Authors: Pecoraro Lorenzo , Huang Laiqiang , Caruso Tancredi , Perotto Silvia , Girlanda Mariangela , Cai Lei , Liu Zhong‐Jian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi for their nutrition, at least in the early stages of their growth and development, and in many cases throughout the life. In spite of the increasing number of studies describing fungal diversity in orchids, there is still more to be learnt about the identity of fungal partners and specificity in orchid mycorrhizal associations. We investigated the fungal communities associated with the roots of Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce and C. longifolia (L.) Fritsch adult plants, using morphological methods and fungal internal transcribed spacer‐DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A range of fungi belonging to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota was uncovered in the roots of the two investigated orchid species, showing a low degree of mycorrhizal specificity. At least 11 fungal taxa, including Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Ceratobasidium sp., Exophiala salmonis J. W. Carmich., Hymenogastraceae, and Sebacinaceae colonized C. damasonium roots, while approximately 9 fungal types, such as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Phlebia acerina Peck, Sebacinaceae, Tetracladium sp., and Tomentella sp. associated with C. longifolia. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses indicated significant differences in the fungal communities associated with the two studied Cephalanthera species, as well as distinct mycorrhizal partners associated with each orchid plant. Our results strongly suggest that both C. damasonium and C. longifolia are generalist in their mycorrhizal associations.
Factors influencing fatigue among mothers with hospitalized children: A structural equation model
Authors: Kim Shin Jeong , Kim Hye Young , Park Young Ae , Kim Sung Hee , Yoo So Young , Lee Jung Eun , Moon Sun Young 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to identify the physiological, psychological, and situational factors affecting fatigue among mothers of hospitalized children.Design and MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional descriptive design with a self‐report questionnaire. Participants were 211 mothers with children younger than 6 years old who were admitted to general hospitals. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, the physiological, psychological, and situational factors were tested using structural equation modeling.ResultsMothers’ fatigue was influenced by physiological (β = .24), situational, and psychological factors (β = .17), and situational (β = .37) factors such as the mother's sleeping hours, the child's adaptation to hospitalization, anxiety and having support with their housework. These three factors explained 31.34% of the variance in fatigue. In particular, it was found that the psychological factors exacerbate the negative influence of the situational factors on fatigue. Moreover, the situational factors were most strongly related to mothers’ fatigue, and they had an indirect effect via the psychological factors as a mediator.Practice ImplicationsIt is necessary to implement a nursing intervention that targets the controllable factors such as anxiety and children's adaptation to hospitalization that were identified in this study. Pediatric nursing care should not be limited to treating children's illnesses, but should be extended to providing family‐centered care.
Age affects sleep microstructure more than sleep macrostructure
Authors: Schwarz Johanna F. A. , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lindberg Eva , Gruber Georg , Fischer Håkan , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIt is well known that the quantity and quality of physiological sleep changes across age. However, so far the effect of age on sleep microstructure has been mostly addressed in small samples. The current study examines the effect of age on several measures of sleep macro‐ and microstructure in 211 women (22–71 years old) of the ‘Sleep and Health in Women’ study for whom ambulatory polysomnography was registered. Older age was associated with significantly lower fast spindle (effect size f2 = 0.32) and K‐complex density (f2 = 0.19) during N2 sleep, as well as slow‐wave activity (log) in N3 sleep (f2 = 0.21). Moreover, total sleep time (f2 = 0.10), N3 sleep (min) (f2 = 0.10), rapid eye movement sleep (min) (f2 = 0.11) and sigma (log) (f2 = 0.05) and slow‐wave activity (log) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep (f2 = 0.09) were reduced, and N1 sleep (f2 = 0.03) was increased in older age. No significant effects of age were observed on slow spindle density, rapid eye movement density and beta power (log) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep. In conclusion, effect sizes indicate that traditional sleep stage scoring may underestimate age‐related changes in sleep.
Green sloths and brown cows: the role of dominant mammalian herbivores in carbon emissions for tropical agro‐ecosystems
Authors: Pauli Jonathan N. , Carey Cayelan C. , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhen Neotropical forests are cleared, there is a rapid switch in the dominant herbivore from wild sloths (suborder Folivora) to domestic cows Bos taurus. We quantified carbon dynamics for these mammals and the ecosystems they inhabit. Because of their low metabolic rates and photosynthetically‐active algae, sloths emit trivial amounts of carbon (12 g C/sloth*day) compared to cows (2.3 kg C/cow*day). In parallel, forests are carbon sinks (−242 g C/m2*year) and pastures sources (261 g C/m2*year); cows contribute >50% of the net emissions from pastures. For a small farm in Costa Rica, this turnover in herbivores translates into ~166 metric tonnes of additional C emitted annually.
Comparison of the 32‐item Hypomania Checklist, the 33‐item Hypomania Checklist, and the Mood Disorders Questionnaire for bipolar disorder
Authors: Feng Yuan , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Huang Wei , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Wang Gang , Yuan Zhen , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: January 2017

AimBipolar disorder (BD) is frequently misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD) and hence reliable and culturally appropriate screening tools are needed. This study compared the 32‐item Hypomania Checklist (HCL‐32), the 33‐item Hypomania Checklist (HCL‐33), and the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) for BD.MethodsAltogether, 350 depressed patients were included. The HCL‐32, HCL‐33, and MDQ were completed by patients to identify manic and/or hypomanic symptoms. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve among the HCL‐32, HCL‐33, and MDQ for BD and MDD were calculated and compared, using cut‐offs suggested by respective validation studies.ResultsOf the three scales, the MDQ had the highest sensitivity and NPV (sensitivity = 0.90, 0.81, and 0.90 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively; NPV = 0.78, 0.86, and 0.86 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively), while the HCL‐33 had the highest specificity and PPV (specificity = 0.74, 0.69, and 0.66 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively; PPV = 0.74, 0.55, and 0.56 for BD vs MDD, BD‐I vs MDD, and BD‐II vs MDD, respectively).ConclusionCompared to both HCL scales, the MDQ had higher sensitivity and lower specificity in screening for BD. These results contradict previous findings in Western populations. As a screening instrument for BD in Chinese clinical settings, the MDQ appears to be appropriate.
Learning How To Export
Authors: Segerstrom Paul S. , Stepanok Ignat 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a standard quality ladders endogenous growth model with one significant new assumption: it takes time for firms to learn how to export. It is known that the welfare gains from trade liberalization implied by a large class of models like the Armington gravity model, the Krugman model, and the Melitz model are small. Our quality ladders model is consistent with a number of firm‐level stylized facts from the heterogeneous firms trade literature and is, in addition, capable of generating very large welfare gains from trade liberalization.
Do Parental Networks Pay Off? Linking Children's Labor‐Market Outcomes to Their Parents' Friends
Authors: Plug Erik , van der Klaauw Bas , Ziegler Lennart 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we examine whether children are better off if their parents have more elaborate social networks. Using data on high‐school friendships of parents, we analyze whether the number and characteristics of friends affect the labor‐market outcomes of children. While parental friendships formed in high school appear long lasting, we find no significant impact on their children's occupational choices and earnings prospects. These results do not change when we account for network endogeneity, network persistency, and network measurement error. Only when children enter the labor market do friends of parents have a marginally significant but small influence on their occupational choice.
The Power of Parties: Evidence from Close Municipal Elections in Norway
Authors: Fiva Jon H. , Folke Olle , Sørensen Rune J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe show that small shifts in representation can affect policy in proportional election systems. Using data from Norway, we find that a larger left‐wing party leads to more property taxation, higher childcare spending, and lower elderly care spending, while local public goods appear to be a non‐partisan issue. These effects are partly due to shifts in bloc majorities, and partly due to changes in the left–right position of the council, keeping the majority constant. The estimates on spending allocations are rather imprecise, but they are consistent with evidence on politicians' fiscal preferences and patterns in media attention.
Trading Goods or Human Capital: The Gains and Losses from Economic Integration
Authors: Burzyński Michał 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I quantify the economic consequences of liberalizing migration in the OECD and compare them with those of a hypothetical liberalization of trade across the OECD. First, I investigate the bilateral migration and trade agreements between the EU and Australia, Canada, Japan, Turkey, and the US. Second, I show that the overall impact of reducing all legal restrictions on migration in the OECD is moderate (1.6 percent in real GDP), while the gains from removing tariff and non‐tariff barriers to trade among all of the OECD economies are slightly lower (1.1 percent in real GDP). Finally, both the theoretical and numerical findings suggest that the direction of relationships between trade and migration (either substitutability or complementarity) depends on the type of shock imposed in the system.
Examination of Knee Morphology After Secondary Ipsilateral ACL Injury Compared With Those That Have Not Been Reinjured: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Digiacomo Jessica E. , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. , Redman III John A. , Lepley Lindsey K. 
Published: January 2017

Context: Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been identified for sustaining a primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, less research is available examining risk factors for a second injury. Identifying whether bony morphological factors are different (or more exaggerated) among those that experience a secondary ACL injury is critical to understanding if nonmodifiable risk factors are associated with a second injury. Objective: To determine if bony morphology is different among those that experience a secondary ACL reinjury as compared with those that do not. Design: Case-control. Setting: University laboratory. Participants and Interventions: ACL participants were tracked after return to play following primary reconstruction, and if individuals experienced a second ipsilateral injury (ACLx2; n = 14, 8f/6m, 17.9 ± 4.0 y), the primary clinical MRI was analyzed for bony morphological risk factors. ACLx2 participants were matched to individuals (sex, age, height, graft, gender, and activity level) that had undergone reconstruction but did not experience reinjury (ACLx1, n = 14, 8f/6m, 18.7 ± 4.0 y). Ten controls were also enrolled (5m/5f, 20.8 ± 3.9 y) for the purposes of comparing the authors’ ACL data against healthy knees. Main Outcome Measures: Lateral and medial posterior tibial slopes (LPTS, MPTS), notch shape index (NSI), and medial tibial plateau depth of concavity (MDC). Results: All ACL-reconstructed patients (combined ACLx1 and ACLx2 group) had a steeper LPTS than controls (d = 0.87, 95% CI 0.11–1.60, P = .023); however, no difference in LPTS was found between ACLx1 and ACLx2 (P > .05). No differences in MPTS, NSI, and MDC were found between all ACL participants (combined ACLx2 and ACLx1) and controls or between ACLx1 and ACLx2 (P > .05). Conclusions: Compared to healthy individuals, a steeper LPTS is a common bony abnormality in all ACL-injured participants. Individuals that go on to experience a second ipsilateral ACL injury do not have more exaggerated bony morphology than those that do not suggesting that differences in modifiable risk factors at return to play may contribute to reinjury.
Exploring health literacy competencies towards patient education programme for Chinese-speaking healthcare professionals: a Delphi study
Authors: Chang Li-Chun , Chen Yu-Chi , Wu Fei Ling , Liao Li-Ling 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo achieve consensus on a set of competencies in health literacy practice based on a literature review and expert consultation.SettingHospitals and community health centres in Taiwan.MethodA 2-stage modified Delphi study involving a literature review was conducted, followed by qualitative interviews and 3 rounds of email-based data collection over a 3-month period in 2011.Participants15 Chinese healthcare practitioners with more than 6 months’ experience in patient education were interviewed to collect data on health literacy practice. 24 experts (12 academic scholars in health literacy and 12 professionals with training related to health literacy practice) were invited to participate in the Delphi process.ResultsQualitative data from the interviews were analysed and summarised to form 99 competency items for health literacy practice, which were categorised into 5 domains of health literacy practice including those pertaining to knowledge and skills. Consensus was reached on 92 of 99 competencies, using a modified Delphi technique.ConclusionsThe 92 competencies in health literacy practice embraced core components of patient education in the Chinese healthcare profession.