bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early history of the Spanish Geological Survey: the Commission for the Geological Map of Spain (1849–1910)
Authors: Rábano Isabel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that geological investigation in Spain became institutionalized. This occurred in 1849 when a commission was formed to create a geological map of the province of Madrid, work on which was intended to culminate in the creation of a national geological map. Despite its name, the idea was not only to cover geological cartography, but also to create a geographical map and catalogues of the botanical and faunal resources. After the commission was dissolved in 1859, these objectives were lost and work on the geological map continued within the General Statistics Board. The project was once again modified in 1870, with the creation of a new organization, the Commission for the Geological Map of Spain, which fulfilled its objectives in 1889 with the publication of the first national geological map. The reason for the change in the Commission's aims was the change in circumstances produced by the loss of Spain's overseas colonies and the need to discover new sources of wealth and take advantage of the resources of the subsurface in Spain itself. The institution was modernized in 1910 and became the new Spanish Geological Institute; it was re-formed again in January 1927 as the Spanish Geological and Mining Institute.
Diet of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis (De Blainville, 1816) in the Churia Hills of Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Amar , Gaire Raju , Pokharel Krishna Prasad , Baral Suraj , Thapa Tej Bahadur 
Published: May 2016

The food composition of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis was studied in the Churia Hills of Nepal during summer, monsoon and the winter seasons of 2012–2013. Microhistological technique was used to determine the diet. The Four-horned Antelope was found to be a mixed feeder feeding on trees, shrubs, forbs, grasses and climbers. Trees and shrubs contribute the major percentage of diet in all the three seasons. The Gramineae family is consumed in highest proportion. Mitragyna parvifolia, Bridelia retusa, Bambusa vulgaris, Hymenodictyon sp. and Ziziphus mauritiana are major tree species while Barleria cristata, Pogostemon benghalensis, Achyranthes sp., Clerodendrum viscosum are among shrubs. Ageratum conyzoides and Blumea virens are the main forbs Eulaliopsis binata and Imperata cylindrica are the principal grass species. Climber Trachelospermum lucidum is consumed in a small proportion. Grasses in monsoon were consumed distinctly at a higher percentage than during the other two seasons. The Four-horned Antelopes are concentrated feeders and browsers with a generalized feeding strategy. Similar studies need to be conducted in other landscapes and with sympatric and potential competitor species to understand its niche overlaps and degree of competition.
Nesting of Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821) (Aves: Anseriformes: Anatidae) and broken-wing distraction display at Kamrup District, Assam, India
Authors: Ranade Sachin P. , Prakash Vibhu 
Published: May 2016

We observed 13 nesting attempts of the Lesser Whistling-Duck during 2011–2014 at Rani, Kamrup District in Assam, India. Failure in egg laying by the ducks and nest raiding by Grey Mongoose were recorded, while the breeding success was 38.5%. For the first time we witnessed broken wing distraction display exhibited by this species as an anti-predator strategy, which we have recorded here.
Additional records of the highly threatened Ceropegia mahabalei Hemadri & Ansari (Asclepiadoideae: Apocynaceae) from Nashik District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pethe Jui , Tillu Amit 
Published: May 2016

Ceropegia mahabalei Hemadri & Ansari is a herbaceous plant known from three locations in Pune, Satara and Thane District of Maharashtra. This communication records a new location of this species from Nashik District which is the northeastern most record for this species. The small existing population in this new location is threatened by cattle grazing, and trampling by tourists.
Cigarette Smoking and Chronic Kidney Disease in African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Hall Michael E. , Wang Wei , Okhomina Victoria , Agarwal Mohit , Hall John E. , Dreisbach Albert W. , Juncos Luis A. , Winniford Michael D. , Payne Thomas J. , Robertson Rose M. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Young Bessie A. 
Published: May 2016

Background

Controversy exists regarding the association of cigarette smoking and renal dysfunction, particularly among African Americans, who are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease; therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and rapid renal function (
RRF
) decline in the Jackson Heart Study.

Methods and Results

Rates of
RRF
decline were determined among 3648 African American participants enrolled at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study.
RRF
decline was defined as an absolute decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30% from visit 1 to visit 3. There were 422 current, 659 past, and 2567 never smokers identified at visit 1. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, physical activity, education, alcohol consumption, and prevalent cardiovascular disease, current smokers demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of
RRF
decline compared with never smokers (incidence rate ratio 1.83, 95%
CI
1.31–2.56). Current smokers using 1 to 19 and ≥20 cigarettes daily had an increased incidence of
RRF
decline (incidence rate ratios of 1.75 [95%
CI
1.18–2.59] and 1.97 [95%
CI
1.17–3.31], respectively). There was a significant, progressive reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate from visit 1 to visit 3 in current and past smokers compared with never smokers. Finally, current smokers had a 1.38‐fold increase in C‐reactive protein compared with never smokers, after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions

In a large African American cohort, current cigarette smoking was independently associated with
RRF
decline in a dose‐dependent manner. There was also evidence of increased inflammation (C‐reactive protein) in current smokers, suggesting a potential mechanism for these relationships.
Present status of the genus Taxilejeunea [Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta] in India
Authors: Singh Sushil Kumar , Pócs Tamás 
Published: May 2016

The genus Taxilejeunea (Spruce 1884: 212) Stephani (1889: 262) was originally described as Lejeunea subgenus Taxilejeunea Spruce (1884: 212). Spruce (1884) included 15 species in this subgenus, including the type species Lejeunea pterigonia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Montagne (1840: 337) [basionym Jungermannia pterigonia Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehmann (1834: 44)]. Schiffner (1893), when treating the genus Taxilejeunea, included five species namely, Taxilejeunea sulphurea (Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehmann 1833: 14) Stephani (1890b: 142), T. pterigonia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Stephani (1890b: 142), T. tenera (Swartz 1788: 143) Stephani (1890a: 98), T. affinis (Lindenb. & Gottsche in Gottsche et al. 1847: 748) Stephani (1890b: 141) and T. lumbricoides (Nees 1830: 40) Stephani (1890b: 141). Since then, many species have been added to the genus (Stephani 1912-1917, 1917-1924, Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 1977, Yano 1984, Fulford & Sharp 1990), especially from South America. All together 218 species names in Taxilejeunea are listed in Index Hepaticarum (Geissler & Bischler 1990, see also Reiner-Drehwald 2005). No detailed account is available on the genus except by Eifrig (1936) who provided a treatment of 26 species from Indomalesia. Recent molecular studies have proved that Taxilejeunea is not a good genus and is nested in Lejeunea (Wilson et al. 2007, Dong et al. 2013, Gradstein 2013, Heinrichs et al. 2013). Earlier, Mizutani (e.g. 1970) showed that various Asian species of Taxilejeunea should be returned to Lejeunea. A review of the species reported or described as Taxilejeunea is very necessary. Söderstöm et al. (2015) gave an account of the validation dates of generic names published by Spruce (1884) as subgenera and revised the publication dates of all species names. In the present paper, we deal only with the Taxilejeunea species recorded from India.
Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program in myotonic dystrophy: New opportunities for occupational therapists
Authors: Raymond Kateri , Levasseur Mélanie , Chouinard Maud-Christine , Mathieu Jean , Gagnon Cynthia 
Published: May 2016

Background. Chronic disease self-management is a priority in health care. Personal and environmental barriers for populations with neuromuscular disorders might diminish the efficacy of self-management programs, although they have been shown to be an effective intervention in many populations. Owing to their occupational expertise, occupational therapists might optimize self-management program interventions. Purpose. This study aimed to adapt the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) for people with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and assess its acceptability and feasibility in this population. Method. Using an adapted version of the Stanford CDSMP, a descriptive pilot study was conducted with 10 participants (five adults with DM1 and their caregivers). A semi-structured interview and questionnaires were used. Findings. The Stanford CDSMP is acceptable and feasible for individuals with DM1. However, improvements are required, such as the involvement of occupational therapists to help foster concrete utilization of self-management strategies into day-to-day tasks using their expertise in enabling occupation. Implications. Although adaptations are needed, the Stanford CDSMP remains a relevant intervention with populations requiring the application of self-management strategies.
Wellness and academic outcomes among disadvantaged students in South Africa: An exploratory study
Authors: Morris-Paxton Angela A , Van Lingen Johanna M , Elkonin Diane 
Published: May 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure possible impacts of a salutogenic lifestyle education programme on wellness and academic outcomes in a group of socioeconomically disadvantaged students in the first year of higher education. Setting: University in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilised to assess the relationship between wellness and academic outcomes. Data were gathered using the Wellness Questionnaire for Higher Education, a semi-structured researcher-generated questionnaire and transcripts of academic results. Data were analysed using SPSSv20 and NVIVOv8. Results: Findings revealed that all students showed modest improvements in overall wellness scores. A correlation was found between student wellness and academic success ( r = .362, p = .049), which was stronger for students who gained the highest marks ( r = .610, p = .004) and who made two to three lifestyle changes. Conclusion: A holistic, salutogenic, wellness education programme shows potential to increase student wellness, which may then translate into student academic success.
Consumer Response to Brand Placement in Movies: Investigating the Brand-Event Fit
Authors: Nagar Komal 
Published: May 2016

Executive Summary Movies offer the perfect media site for placement of brands as part of the emerging marketing strategy. Although attempts to analyse brand placements have been made in the past, the same needs more attention in the Indian context. Given the exposure of Indian audiences to both national and international entertainment industry, it is only reasonable to expect the entertainment event context to have an impact on consumers’ evaluation of the brands placed in each context. The present research attempts to extend the applicability of the idea of fit, which was till now largely confined to sponsorship and subjects it to the exploration of finding a fit between brands and specific events, in particular, movies. Because the link between country of origin of the entertainment event (national/international) and brand, placement is a relevant area of speculation, the present research aims to study this relationship within the national/international context. Results of an experimental study among 120 respondents are as follows: Brands placed in a national event will create more positive brand evaluations in terms of positive attitude towards the placed brand and intention to purchase than brands that are placed in an international event. When the presence of a brand is consistent with the context in which it is placed, it would evoke more positive attitudes and behaviour than an incongruent placement. Evaluation of results further reveals that although a brand that fits well with the context in which it is placed generates a positive evaluation of the placed brand, the condition of a brand-event misfit in a Hollywood context will create more negative evaluations among the Indian audiences than if such a disconnect appeared in a Hindi film. In other words, a brand may have more to lose in case of a misfit with the international entertainment event than with a national entertainment event. Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested that multinational brands must look at the Indian movies as a suitable medium for reaching out to the prospective buyers as Indians have become consumers of global brands and thus pose to be a huge market for global brands.
Barriers and perceptions regarding code status discussion with families of critically ill patients in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Syed Ahsan A , Almas Aysha , Naeem Quratulain , Malik Umer F , Muhammad Tariq 
Published: May 2016

Background: In Asian societies including Pakistan, a complex background of illiteracy, different familial dynamics, lack of patient’s autonomy, religious beliefs, and financial constraints give new dimensions to code status discussion. Barriers faced by physicians during code status discussion in these societies are largely unknown. Aim: To determine the barriers and perceptions in discussion of code status by physicians. Design: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine of The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 134 physicians who had discussed at least five code statuses in their lifetime were included. Results: A total of 77 (57.4%) physicians responded. Family-related barriers were found to be the most common barriers. They include family denial (74.0%), level of education of family (66.2%), and conflict between individual family members (66.2%). Regarding personal barriers, lack of knowledge regarding prognosis (44.1%), personal discomfort in discussing death (29.8%), and fear of legal consequences (28.5%) were the top most barriers. In hospital-related barriers, time constraint (57.1%), lack of hospital administration support (48.0%), and suboptimal nursing care after do not resuscitate (48.0%) were the most frequent. There were significant differences among opinions of trainees when compared to those of attending physicians. Conclusion: Family-related barriers are the most frequent roadblocks in the end-of-life care discussions for physicians in Pakistan. Strengthening communication skills of physicians and family education are the potential strategies to improve end-of-life care. Large multi-center studies are needed to better understand the barriers of code status discussion in developing countries.
Clinical features and outcome of lupus myocarditis in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Du Toit R , Herbst P G , van Rensburg A , du Plessis L M , Reuter H , Doubell A F 
Published: May 2016

Background African American ethnicity is independently associated with lupus myocarditis compared with other ethnic groups. In the mixed racial population of the Western Cape, South Africa, no data exists on the clinical features/outcome of lupus myocarditis. Objectives The objective of this study was to give a comprehensive description of the clinical features and outcome of acute lupus myocarditis in a mixed racial population. Methods Clinical records (between 2008 and 2014) of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively screened for a clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of lupus myocarditis. Clinical features, laboratory results, management and outcome were described. Echocardiographic images stored in a digital archive were reanalysed including global and regional left ventricular function. A poor outcome was defined as lupus myocarditis related mortality or final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Results Twenty-eight of 457 lupus patients (6.1%) met inclusion criteria: 92.9% were female and 89.3% were of mixed racial origin. Fifty-three per cent of patients presented within three months after being diagnosed with SLE. Seventy-five per cent had severely active disease (SLE disease activity index ≥ 12) and 67.9% of patients had concomitant lupus nephritis. Laboratory results included: lymphopenia (69%) and an increased aRNP (61.5%). Treatment included corticosteroids (96%) and cyclophosphamide (75%); 14% of patients required additional immunosuppression including rituximab. Diastolic dysfunction and regional wall motion abnormalities occurred in > 90% of patients. LVEF improved from 35% to 47% ( p = 0.023) and wall motion score from 1.88 to 1.5 ( p = 0.017) following treatment. Overall mortality was high (12/28): five patients (17.9%) died due to lupus myocarditis (bimodal pattern). Patients who died of lupus myocarditis had a longer duration of SLE ( p = 0.045) and a lower absolute lymphocyte count ( p = 0.041) at diagnosis. LVEF at diagnosis was lower in patients who died of lupus myocarditis ( p = 0.099) and in those with a persistent LVEF < 40% ( n = 5; p = 0.046). Conclusions This is the largest reported series on lupus myocarditis. The mixed racial population had a similar prevalence, but higher mortality compared with other ethnic groups (internationally published literature). Patients typically presented with high SLE disease activity and the majority had concomitant lupus nephritis. Lymphopenia and low LVEF at presentation were of prognostic significance, associated with lupus myocarditis related mortality or a persistent LVEF < 40%.
External Validation of the Hestia Criteria for Identifying Acute Pulmonary Embolism Patients at Low Risk of Early Mortality
Authors: Weeda Erin R. , Kohn Christine G. , Peacock W. Frank , Fermann Gregory J. , Crivera Concetta , Schein Jeff R. , Coleman Craig I. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: There are limited studies evaluating the ability of the Hestia criteria to accurately identify patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) at low risk of early mortality. We sought to externally validate the Hestia criteria for predicting in-hospital and 30-day post-PE mortality. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive, adult, objectively confirmed PE patients presenting to the emergency department at our institution from November 21, 2010, to January 31, 2014. We ascertained the total number of Hestia criteria met for each patient, calculated the proportion of patients categorized as low risk (ie, no Hestia criteria met), and determined the accuracy of the Hestia criteria for predicting in-hospital and 30-day all-cause mortality. Mortality was determined through Social Security Death Index searches. Results: A total of 577 patients with PE were included, of which 19 (3.3%) and 35 (6.6%) died in hospital or within 30 days of presentation. Both in-hospital and 30-day case fatality rates rose as the number of Hestia criteria increased. One-hundred forty nine (25.8%) patients were classified as low risk for early mortality, and none of these patients died within 30 days (negative predictive values of 100%). The Hestia criteria had excellent sensitivity (100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 79.1%-100% and 100%, 95% CI = 87.7%-100%) for predicting in-hospital and 30-day mortality but low specificity (<27.5% for both). The c-statistics for in-hospital and 30-day mortality were 83.5%, 95% CI = 77.1%-89.9% and 78.5%, 95% CI = 71.9%-85.1%. The predictive accuracy of the Hestia criteria remained acceptable in patients >80 years of age, with active cancer or chronic cardiopulmonary disease. Conclusion: The Hestia criteria have an acceptable predictive accuracy to identify patients with PE at low risk for in-hospital or 30-day mortality.
Impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells
Authors: Hathroubi Skander , Beaudry Francis , Provost Chantale , Martelet Léa , Segura Mariela , Gagnon Carl A , Jacques Mario 
Published: May 2016

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.
Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Less Than 24 Months of Age at Pediatric HIV Centers in Tanzania
Authors: Naik Neel Mahesh , Bacha Jason , Gesase Anthony E. , Barton Theresa , Schutze Gordon E. , Wanless Richard Sebastian , Minde Mercy Maria , Mwita Lumumba Francis , Tolle Mike A. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Without antiretroviral therapy (ART), approximately one-half of HIV-infected infants will die by two years. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that all HIV-infected infants < 24 months be initiated on ART regardless of their clinical/immunologic status. However, there remains little published data detailing cohorts of infants on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes baseline characteristics and 12 month outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected children < 24 months of age at pediatric HIV centers in Mwanza and Mbeya, Tanzania. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria: children < 24 months of age, initiated on ART at Baylor Children s Foundation Tanzania clinics, between March–December 2011. Results: Baseline: Ninety-three children were initiated on ART at a median age of 13.4 months. Sixty-seven percent had severe immunosuppression and 31.5% had severe malnutrition. Outcome: Seventy-three patients were still in care at 12 month follow-up, there were four (4.3%) deaths, five (5.4%) patients transferred, and 11 (11.8%) loss to follow-up. Average CD4% was 32.7 (p < 0.001). Ninety percent of patients were WHO treatment stage I (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent had normal nutritional status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our cohort of HIV infected children < 24 months initiated on ART did well clinically at 12 month outcomes despite being severely immunocompromised and malnourished at baseline. Nevirapine based regimens had good 12 month clinical outcomes, regardless of maternal exposure. Loss to follow-up rate was high for our cohort, demonstrating the need to develop strong mechanisms to counteract this.