bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covariability of western tropical Pacific-North Pacific atmospheric circulation during summer
Authors: Yun Kyung-Sook , Yeh Sang-Wook , Ha Kyung-Ja 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNorth Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) is permanent high-pressure system over the Northern Pacific Ocean and it extends to the western North Pacific during the boreal summer (June-July-August), which is so called the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). Here, we examine the covariability of the NPSH-WNPSH during summer using both observation and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) model data. The statistical analyses indicate that the NPSH-WNPSH covariability shows significant decadal variability in the observations, in addition, the in-phase relationship of NPSH-WNPSH is enhanced after the mid-to-late 1990s. A dipole-like sea surface temperature (SST) pattern, i.e., a warming in the western Pacific and a cooling in the eastern Pacific, is dominant after the mid-to-late 1990s, which acts to enhance the covariability of NPSH-WNPSH by modulating the atmospheric teleconnections. However, the covariability of NPSH-WNPSH in the future climate is not much influenced by the anthropogenic forcing but it is largely characterized by the natural decadal-to-interdecadal variability, implying that the enhancement of NPSH-WNPSH covariability after the mid-to-late 1990s could be considered as part of decadal-to-interdecadal variability.
Identification of novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by aptamer-based serum proteomics
Authors: Coenen-Stass Anna M. L. , McClorey Graham , Manzano Raquel , Betts Corinne A. , Blain Alison , Saleh Amer F. , Gait Michael J. , Lochmüller Hanns , Wood Matthew J. A. , Roberts Thomas C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere is currently an urgent need for biomarkers that can be used to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in clinical trials. Identification of novel protein biomarkers has been limited due to the massive complexity of the serum proteome and the presence of a small number of very highly abundant proteins. Here we have utilised an aptamer-based proteomics approach to profile 1,129 proteins in the serum of wild-type and mdx (dystrophin deficient) mice. The serum levels of 96 proteins were found to be significantly altered (P < 0.001, q < 0.01) in mdx mice. Additionally, systemic treatment with a peptide-antisense oligonucleotide conjugate designed to induce Dmd exon skipping and recover dystrophin protein expression caused many of the differentially abundant serum proteins to be restored towards wild-type levels. Results for five leading candidate protein biomarkers (Pgam1, Tnni3, Camk2b, Cycs and Adamts5) were validated by ELISA in the mouse samples. Furthermore, ADAMTS5 was found to be significantly elevated in human DMD patient serum. This study has identified multiple novel, therapy-responsive protein biomarkers in the serum of the mdx mouse with potential utility in DMD patients.
Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing
Authors: Orloff Nathan D. , Long Christian J. , Obrzut Jan , Maillaud Laurent , Mirri Francesca , Kole Thomas P. , McMichael Robert D. , Pasquali Matteo , Stranick Stephan J. , Alexander Liddle J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdvances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene and carbon nanotubes have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of applications for flexible and wearable electronics, woven fabrics and wires. These applications often require specific electrical properties and hence precise control over material micro- and nanostructure. While such control can be achieved, in principle, by closed-loop processing methods, there are relatively few noncontact and nondestructive options for quantifying the electrical properties of materials on a moving web at the speed required in modern nanomanufacturing. Here, we demonstrate a noncontact microwave method for measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity (or geometry for samples of known dielectric properties) of materials in a millisecond. Such measurement times are compatible with current and future industrial needs, enabling real-time materials characterization and in-line control of processing variables without disrupting production.
An Autogenously Regulated Expression System for Gene Therapeutic Ocular Applications
Authors: Sochor Matthew A. , Vasireddy Vidyullatha , Drivas Theodore G. , Wojno Adam , Doung Thu , Shpylchak Ivan , Bennicelli Jeannette , Chung Daniel , Bennett Jean , Lewis Mitchell 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe future of treating inherited and acquired genetic diseases will be defined by our ability to introduce transgenes into cells and restore normal physiology. Here we describe an autogenous transgene regulatory system (ARES), based on the bacterial lac repressor and demonstrate its utility for controlling the expression of a transgene in bacteria, eukaryotic cells and in the retina of mice. This ARES system is inducible by the small non-pharmacologic molecule, Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) that has no off-target effects in mammals. Following subretinal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding ARES, luciferase expression can be reversibly controlled in the murine retina by oral delivery of IPTG over three induction-repression cycles. The ability to induce transgene expression repeatedly via administration of an oral inducer in vivo, suggests that this type of regulatory system holds great promise for applications in human gene therapy.
Simonsenia aveniformis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), molecular phylogeny and systematics of the genus and a new type of canal raphe system
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej , Gomes Ana , Mann David G. , Trobajo Rosa , Li Chunlian , Barka Frederik , Gusev Evgeniy , Dąbek Przemysław , Grzonka Justyna , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. , Zgłobicka Izabela , Harrison Michael , Boski Tomasz 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe genus Simonsenia is reviewed and S. aveniformis described as new for science by light and electron microscopy. The new species originated from estuarine environments in southern Iberia (Atlantic coast) and was isolated into culture. In LM, Simonsenia resembles Nitzschia, with bridges (fibulae) beneath the raphe, which is marginal. It is only electron microscope (EM) examination that reveals the true structure of the raphe system, which consists of a raphe canal raised on a keel (wing), supported by rib like braces (fenestral bars) and tube-like portulae; between the portulae the keel is perforated by open windows (fenestrae). Based on the presence of portulae and a fenestrated keel, Simonsenia has been proposed to be intermediate between Bacillariaceae and Surirellaceae. However, an rbcL phylogeny revealed that Simonsenia belongs firmly in the Bacillariaceae, with which it shares a similar chloroplast arrangement, rather than in the Surirellaceae. Lack of homology between the surirelloid and simonsenioid keels is reflected in subtle differences in the morphology and ontogeny of the portulae and fenestrae. The diversity of Simonsenia has probably been underestimated, particularly in the marine environment.
Source analysis of P3a and P3b components to investigate interaction of depression and anxiety in attentional systems
Authors: Li Yuezhi , Wang Wuyi , Liu Tiebang , Ren Lijie , Zhou Yunfei , Yu Changhong , Qu Xingda , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examined the impact of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and the comorbidity of these disorders on the regional electrophysiological features of brain activity. Sixty-four-channel event-related potentials (ERP) were acquired during a visual oddball task in patients with depressive disorder, patients with anxiety disorders, patients with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders and healthy subjects. An fMRI-constrained source model was applied to ERP to identify different cortical activities in the patient and control groups. Comorbid patients showed an abnormal frontal-greater-than-parietal P3b topography in the right hemisphere and the highest P3a amplitude at frontal and central sites at the scalp midline. For P3b, depressed patients showed decreased right-lateralized activity in the precentral sulcus (PrCS) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Anxious patients demonstrated hyperactive prefrontal cortices (PFC). Comorbid patients presented decreased activity in the cingulate gyrus, right PrCS and right PPC and increased activity in the left PFC and left insular (INS). For P3a, hyperactive left PrCS was found in comorbid patients. Comorbid patients showed both anxiety-related and depression-related activity. A superimposition effect of depression and anxiety was identified with (1) aggravated hypo-function of the right-lateralized dorsal attention and salience networks and (2) complicated anxiety-related hyper-function of the left-lateralized ventral attention and salience networks.
Site Specific Genetic Incorporation of Azidophenylalanine in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Shao Nan , Singh N. Sadananda , Slade Susan E. , Jones Alexandra M. E. , Balasubramanian Mohan K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe diversity of protein functions is impacted in significant part by the chemical properties of the twenty amino acids, which are used as building blocks for nearly all proteins. The ability to incorporate unnatural amino acids (UAA) into proteins in a site specific manner can vastly expand the repertoire of protein functions and also allows detailed analysis of protein function. In recent years UAAs have been incorporated in a site-specific manner into proteins in a number of organisms. In nearly all cases, the amber codon is used as a sense codon and an orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (RS) pair is used to generate amber suppressing tRNAs charged with the UAA. In this work, we have developed tools to incorporate the cross-linking amino acid azido-phenylalanine (AzF) through the use of bacterial tRNATyr and a modified version of TyrRS, AzFRS, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is an attractive model organism for the study of cell behavior and function. We have incorporated AzF into three different proteins. We show that the majority of AzF is modified to amino-phenyl alanine, but protein cross-linking was still observed. These studies set the stage for exploitation of this new technology for the analysis of S. pombe proteins.
MAE4, an eLtaS monoclonal antibody, blocks Staphylococcus aureus virulence
Authors: Liu Yu , Feng Jiannan , Lu Qiang , Zhang Xin , Gao Yaping , Yan Jun , Mu Chunhua , Hei Yan , Lv Ming , Han Gencheng , Chen Guojiang , Jin Peng , Hu Weiguo , Shen Beifen , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infectious diseases. Treatment of these infections has become increasingly difficult due to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains; therefore, it is essential to explore effective alternatives to antibiotics. A secreted protein of S. aureus, known as eLtaS, is an extracellular protein released from the bacterial membrane protein, LtaS. However, the role of eLtaS in S. aureus pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we show eLtaS dramatically aggravates S. aureus infection by binding to C3b and then inhibiting the phagocytosis of C3b-deposited S. aureus. Furthermore, we developed a monoclonal antibody against eLtaS, MAE4, which neutralizes the activity of eLtaS and blocks staphylococcal evasion of phagocytosis. Consequently, MAE4 is capable of protecting mice from lethal S. aureus infection. Our findings reveal that targeting of eLtaS by MAE4 is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by S. aureus.
Live detection and purification of cells based on the expression of a histone chaperone, HIRA, using a binding peptide
Authors: Kochurani K. J. , Suganya Annie A. , Nair Madhumathy G. , Louis Jiss Maria , Majumder Aditi , Kumar K. Santhosh , Abraham Parvin , Dutta Debasree , Maliekal Tessy T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFlowcytometry is a reliable method for identification and purification of live cells from a heterogeneous population. Since permeabilized cells cannot be sorted live in a FACS sorter, its application in isolation of functional cells largely depends on antibodies for surface markers. In various fields of biology we find intracellular markers that reveal subpopulations of biological significance. Cell cycle stage specific molecules, metastatic signature molecules, stemness associated proteins etc. are examples of potential markers that could improve the research and therapy enormously. Currently their use is restricted by lack of techniques that allow live detection. Even though a few methods like aptamers, droplet-based microfluidics and smartflares are reported, their application is limited. Here, for the first time we report a simple, cost-effective and efficient method of live sorting of cells based on the expression of an intracellular marker using a fluorophore-tagged binding peptide. The target molecule selected was a histone chaperone, HIRA, the expression of which can predict the fate of differentiating myoblast. Our results confirm that the peptide shows specific interaction with its target; and it can be used to separate cells with differential expression of HIRA. Further, this method offers high purity and viability for the isolated cells.
The peptide agonist-binding site of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor based on site-directed mutagenesis and knowledge-based modelling
Authors: Dods Rachel L. , Donnelly Dan 
Published: November 2015

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36)amide (GLP-1) plays a central role in regulating blood sugar levels and its receptor, GLP-1R, is a target for anti-diabetic agents such as the peptide agonist drugs exenatide and liraglutide. In order to understand the molecular nature of the peptide–receptor interaction, we used site-directed mutagenesis and pharmacological profiling to highlight nine sites as being important for peptide agonist binding and/or activation. Using a knowledge-based approach, we constructed a 3D model of agonist-bound GLP-1R, basing the conformation of the N-terminal region on that of the receptor-bound NMR structure of the related peptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating protein (PACAP21). The relative position of the extracellular to the transmembrane (TM) domain, as well as the molecular details of the agonist-binding site itself, were found to be different from the model that was published alongside the crystal structure of the TM domain of the glucagon receptor, but were nevertheless more compatible with published mutagenesis data. Furthermore, the NMR-determined structure of a high-potency cyclic conformationally-constrained 11-residue analogue of GLP-1 was also docked into the receptor-binding site. Despite having a different main chain conformation to that seen in the PACAP21 structure, four conserved residues (equivalent to His-7, Glu-9, Ser-14 and Asp-15 in GLP-1) could be structurally aligned and made similar interactions with the receptor as their equivalents in the GLP-1-docked model, suggesting the basis of a pharmacophore for GLP-1R peptide agonists. In this way, the model not only explains current mutagenesis and molecular pharmacological data but also provides a basis for further experimental design.
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments
Authors: Librado Pablo , Der Sarkissian Clio , Ermini Luca , Schubert Mikkel , Jónsson Hákon , Albrechtsen Anders , Fumagalli Matteo , Yang Melinda A. , Gamba Cristina , Seguin-Orlando Andaine , Mortensen Cecilie D. , Petersen Bent , Hoover Cindi A. , Lorente-Galdos Belen , Nedoluzhko Artem , Boulygina Eugenia , Tsygankova Svetlana , Neuditschko Markus , Jagannathan Vidhya , Thèves Catherine , Alfarhan Ahmed H. , Alquraishi Saleh A. , Al-Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas , Popov Ruslan , Grigoriev Semyon , Alekseev Anatoly N. , Rubin Edward M. , McCue Molly , Rieder Stefan , Leeb Tosso , Tikhonov Alexei , Crubézy Eric , Slatkin Montgomery , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Nielsen Rasmus , Willerslev Eske , Kantanen Juha , Prokhortchouk Egor , Orlando Ludovic 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceYakutia is among the coldest regions in the Northern Hemisphere, showing ∼40% of its territory above the Arctic Circle. Native horses are particularly adapted to this environment, with body sizes and thick winter coats minimizing heat loss. We sequenced complete genomes of two ancient and nine present-day Yakutian horses to elucidate their evolutionary origins. We find that the contemporary population descends from domestic livestock, likely brought by early horse-riders who settled in the region a few centuries ago. The metabolic, anatomical, and physiological adaptations of these horses therefore emerged on very short evolutionary time scales. We show the relative importance of regulatory changes in the adaptive process and identify genes independently selected in cold-adapted human populations and woolly mammoths.
Myeloid differentiation architecture of leukocyte transcriptome dynamics in perceived social isolation
Authors: Cole Steven W. , Capitanio John P. , Chun Katie , Arevalo Jesusa M. G. , Ma Jeffrey , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: November 2015

SignificancePerceived social isolation (PSI) (loneliness) is linked to increased risk of chronic disease and mortality, and previous research has implicated up-regulated inflammation and down-regulated antiviral gene expression (the conserved transcriptional response to adversity; CTRA) as a potential mechanism for such effects. The present studies used integrative analyses of transcriptome regulation in high-PSI humans and rhesus macaques to define the basis for such effects in neuroendocrine-related alterations in myeloid immune cell population dynamics. CTRA up-regulation also preceded increases in PSI, suggesting a reciprocal mechanism by which CTRA gene expression may both propagate PSI and contribute to its related disease risks.
Topographical mapping of α- and β-keratins on developing chicken skin integuments: Functional interaction and evolutionary perspectives
Authors: Wu Ping , Ng Chen Siang , Yan Jie , Lai Yung-Chih , Chen Chih-Kuan , Lai Yu-Ting , Wu Siao-Man , Chen Jiun-Jie , Luo Weiqi , Widelitz Randall B. , Li Wen-Hsiung , Chuong Cheng-Ming 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceAvian skin appendages include feathers, scales, claws, and beaks. They are mainly composed of α-keratins, found in all vertebrates, and β-keratins, found only in birds and reptiles. Scientists have wondered how keratins are interwoven to form different skin appendages. By studying keratin gene expression patterns in different chicken skin appendages, we found α- and β-keratin interactions crucial for appendage morphogenesis. Mutations in either α- or β-keratins can disrupt keratin expression and cause structural defects. Thus, different combinations of α- and β-keratins contribute to the structural diversity of feathers. The expansion of β-keratin genes during bird evolution might have greatly increased skin appendage diversity because it increased the possible interactions between α- and β-keratins.
Before the Flood
Authors: Webber Emily C. , Bauer Benjamin D. , Marcum Chrissy K. , Nitu Mara E. , Walthall Jennifer D. , Saysana Michele S. 
Published: November 2015

Background
Transfers of pediatric patients occur to access specialty and subspecialty care, but incur risk, and consume resources. Direct admissions to medical and surgical wards may improve patient experience and mitigate resource utilization.

Objective
We sought to identify common elements for direct admissions, as well as the pattern of disposition for patients referred to our emergency department (ED).

Design
A retrospective qualitative analysis of patients transferred to our pediatric hospital for 12 months was performed. Different physician groups were evaluated for use of direct admissions or evaluation in the ED. Patients referred to the ED were additionally tracked to evaluate their eventual disposition.

Results
A total of 3982 transfers occurred during the 12-month analysis period. Of those, 3463 resulted in admission, accounting for 32.55% of all admissions. Transfers accepted by nonsurgical services accounted for 82% of the transfers, whereas 18% were facilitated by one of the surgical services. Direct admissions accounted for 1707 (44.8%) of all referrals and were used more often by nonsurgical services. Of patients referred to the ED (2101 or 55.2% of all referrals), most patients were admitted and 343 (16% of those referred to the ED) were discharged home.

Conclusions
The direct admission process helped avoid ED assessments for some patients; however, some patients referred to the ED were able to be evaluated, treated, and discharged. Consistent triage of the patients being transferred as direct admissions may improve ED throughput and potentially improve the patient's experience, reduce redundant services, and expedite care.
Calculating value: a digital library’s social media campaign
Authors: Lamont Lisa , Nielsen Jordan 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss a social media campaign used to promote a digital library of archival resources.

Design/methodology/approach
– Librarians planned and executed a social media campaign using Tumblr and Pinterest and consulted Google Analytics and database reports to determine the impact.

Findings
– The campaign resulted in few conversions back to the digital library and little return on investment.

Research limitations/implications
– The campaign has been in effect for only five months, a longer testing period may be needed. Also, additional social media platforms will be added to the test.

Originality/value
– This is one of few examples of return on investment applied to social media and digital library promotion.
Mission creep and marketing myopia: lessons learned from the business world
Authors: McMullen Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide insights and commentary into issues encountered in providing library resources and services in a rapidly changing environment with varied user expectations.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses examples and illustrations from the business world to demonstrate the importance of having a clear mission and a thorough understanding of the needs and expectations of the population being served.

Findings
– Disruptive technology has had major impacts on many business sectors. Libraries can learn from the choices many of these businesses entities made to improve services and achieve greater returns on investment.

Originality/value
– This paper examines several widely recognizable business entities and the manners in which they chose to address disruptions caused by changes in the marketplace and in consumer attitudes. Libraries can use these illustrations to better position themselves to deal effectively with the inevitable change in the future.