bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface formation, preservation, and history of low-porosity crusts at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica
Authors: Fegyveresi John M. , Alley Richard B. , Muto Atsuhiro , Orsi Anaïs J. , Spencer Matthew K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Observations at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide site show that near-surface snow is strongly altered by weather-related processes such as strong winds and temperature fluctuations, producing features that are recognizable in the deep ice core. Prominent glazed surface crusts develop frequently at the site during summer seasons. Surface, snow pit, and ice core observations made in this study during summer field seasons from 2008–2009 to 2012–2013, supplemented by automated weather station (AWS) data with short- and longwave radiation sensors, revealed that such crusts formed during relatively low-wind, low-humidity, clear-sky periods with intense daytime sunshine. After formation, such glazed surfaces typically developed cracks in a polygonal pattern likely from thermal contraction at night. Cracking was commonest when several clear days occurred in succession and was generally followed by surface hoar growth; vapor escaping through the cracks during sunny days may have contributed to the high humidity that favored nighttime formation of surface hoar. Temperature and radiation observations show that daytime solar heating often warmed the near-surface snow above the air temperature, contributing to upward mass transfer, favoring crust formation from below, and then surface hoar formation. A simple surface energy calculation supports this observation. Subsequent examination of the WDC06A deep ice core revealed that crusts are preserved through the bubbly ice, and some occur in snow accumulated during winters, although not as commonly as in summertime deposits. Although no one has been on site to observe crust formation during winter, it may be favored by greater wintertime wind packing from stronger peak winds, high temperatures and steep temperature gradients from rapid midwinter warmings reaching as high as −15 °C, and perhaps longer intervals of surface stability. Time variations in crust occurrence in the core may provide paleoclimatic information, although additional studies are required. Discontinuity and cracking of crusts likely explain why crusts do not produce significant anomalies in other paleoclimatic records.
Challenges Faced by Devolved Governance in Quality Service Delivery: A Case Study of Turkana Central Sub-county, Turkana County, Kenya
Authors: Sirite James K. , Ongori Henry , Bosire Darius 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges faced in quality service delivery to Turkana Central Sub-county citizens of Turkana County. The study used cross-sectional survey design. The sample size selected for the study was 261. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and presented in tables and figures for ease interpretation. The major findings of the study show that devolved governance faces some challenges. For instance the devolved governance is faced with corruption, lack of transparency and accountability and inadequate funds. This adversely affects quality service delivery to its citizens. The findings of the study would inspire policy makers at the county and national government level to come up with appropriate strategies to mitigate the challenges identified in order to improve the quality of services offered by the county governments.
VMAT Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in a Multimodal Approach to a Carotid Paraganglioma in a Dog
Authors: Dolera Mario , Carrara Nancy , Malfassi Luca 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
A 7 yr old female pit bull terrier was presented for a cervical soft tissue swelling located in the left jugular region. No abnormalities were present at physical examination or in the laboratory workup. Computed tomography and MRI scans showed a well-defined, ovoid, single mass in the left dorsal cervical region connected to the common carotid artery, histologically consistent with carotid body paraganglioma. The mass was surgically resected. Frameless stereotactic body radiation therapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy was set up as adjuvant treatment. After radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin was started. During the first yr of follow-up, acute grade I dermatitis and grade I left-side laryngeal mucositis were recognized. One yr after radiation therapy, no signs of late radiotoxicity or tumor recurrence were observed. Grade I thrombocytopenia concurrent with chemotherapy was observed. This is the first reported case of a carotid body paraganglioma treated by multimodal therapy, with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment after surgery provided excellent disease control and was well tolerated with slight side effects.
Encrusted Cystitis with Suspected Ureteral Obstruction Following Cystoscopic-Guided Laser Ablation of Ectopic Ureters in a Dog
Authors: Duffy Maura , Gallagher Alex 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
A 1 yr old 30 kg spayed female Labrador retriever presented for stranguria and hematuria 3 wk after cystoscopic laser ablation for ectopic ureters. Encrusted cystitis was diagnosed based on ultrasonography, cystoscopy, urinalysis, and culture of Corynebacterium urealyticum from the urine. Unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter were suspected to be secondary to obstruction at the trigone. The dog was treated with focal debridement of plaques at the left ureter, urinary acidification, and long-term antibiotic therapy with complete recovery. This is the first report of encrusted cystitis as a complication of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for ectopic ureters, and suggests cystoscopic debridement may be useful if ureteral obstruction occurs.
Short-Term Prospective Clinical Evaluation of a Polyglycolic Acid Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Cage Implant
Authors: Bander Noah B. , Barnhart Matthew D. , Watson Adam T. , Naber Steven J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the short-term radiographic healing of the osteotomy following tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), maintenance of patellar tendon angle (PTA), and complications in dogs receiving a polyglycolic acid (PGA) TTA cage. Patients diagnosed with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease requiring a 9- or 12-mm TTA cage were included. Twenty-six consecutive client-owned dogs were prospectively selected for this clinical study. Age, weight, sex, breed, cage size, surgery date, and follow-up time were recorded. Radiographs were scored for healing and measured for PTA immediately, at 6 wk, and at 10 wk postoperatively. All stifles were assessed for complications throughout the study period. Stifles with PGA cages had similar overall healing scores compared to previously reported values for metallic cages, and the PTA was well maintained at 6 and 10 wk postoperatively. Polyglycolic acid cages were associated with a higher complication rate (10/26, 38%; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.61) compared with previously reported complication rates for metallic cages. Despite favorable healing scores and overall PTA maintenance, PGA cage use resulted in a high complication rate. Proposed advantages offered by this particular implant over currently used metallic cages are offset by this high complication rate. Additional investigation of bioabsorbable materials and implant design should be considered.
Clinical Features of English Bulldogs with Presumed Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: 31 Cases (2001–2013)
Authors: Cunningham Suzanne M. , Sweeney Joseph T. , MacGregor John , Barton Bruce A. , Rush John E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an important cause of sudden death in people and boxer dogs that has recently been described in English bulldogs. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics of English bulldogs with presumed ARVC. The medical records were searched for English bulldogs examined between 2001 and 2013 with a clinical diagnosis of ARVC. The average age of the 31 dogs identified was 9.2 ± 1.6 yr (range 7–13 yr). Males were overrepresented by a factor of 2.9 to 1. At initial presentation, 5 dogs had subclinical arrhythmia, 10 dogs had clinical signs attributable to arrhythmia, and 16 dogs had congestive heart failure. Eighteen dogs (58%) had ventricular tachycardia and five (16%) also had supraventricular arrhythmias. Four dogs experienced sudden death, 2 dogs died from congestive heart failure, 11 dogs were euthanized for cardiac causes, and 2 dogs died or were euthanized for noncardiac causes. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a median survival time of 8.3 mo. This is the first study to describe the clinical characteristics of a population of English bulldogs with presumed ARVC. Further studies are needed to better characterize the clinical features of the disease in this breed.
A Proposed Perspective for Developing Science Curriculum for the Upper Primary Grades in Accordance to Saudi Arabia's Vision for 2030: An Analytical and Descriptive Study according to Delphi Method
Authors: Alhomairi Abdulqadir Obaidallah 
Published: January 2018

Saudi Arabia's Vision for 2030 in development is exceedingly concerned with curriculum development. It believes that the current curriculum does no longer support the students' preparation for both life and work. Therefore, the present study aimed to reach a consensus by a set of educational experts on the importance of providing the science curriculum for the fifth and sixth primary grades with a content that can help achieve the requirements of the Kingdom's Vision for 2030 in development. In addition, it aimed to study what perceptions these educational experts have towards developing the science curriculum that can better achieve this vision. The study followed the descriptive approach and the use of Delphi method. It was applied to a group of (28) educational experts over three rounds that started on October 8, and ended on November 9, 2017. Findings indicated that the provision degree of the requirements of Saudi Arabia's Vision for 2030 in development in the science curriculum for the upper primary grades was too weak. Responses of the educational experts concerning developing the science curriculum to achieve the requirements of this vision, at the end of the third round, ranged between strongly agree and agree. At the end, a perspective for the development of the science curriculum was proposed depending on the viewpoints of the educational experts who participated in the present study.Keywords: Saudi Arabia's Vision for 2030, development of science curriculum, primary grades.
Woonwagenbewoners in Nederland: een strijdbaar volk
Authors: Loven Claire 
Published: January 2018

The legal consciousness of travellers in the Netherlands empirically researched.
Legal institutions as well as European and international organisations have criticised Dutch policy regarding travellers (including Roma and Sinti living in a caravan). Main point of this criticism is that the Dutch government should do more to protect and facilitate the travellers culture.In academic literature, the policy has also been criticised from a human rights perspective. In most of these official and academic publications the perspective of travellers was missing. This gave reason for a qualitative research in the form of ten interviews with travellers in the Netherlands. Questions as what does it mean to be a traveller, how should your culture be protected and what do you do to protect your culture (using the law for instance) were, among others, part of these interviews.This article not only discusses the results of the interviews, but places them also against the theoretical background of legal consciousness, in particular the research of Ewick and Silbey (1998) in which three categories of attitudes towards the law and legal institutions were distinguished.At forehand it was expected that, as being a minority group, travellers would fall in the category ‘against the law’. Yet the findings of this research suggest that travellers, at least the respondents, fall in the category ‘with the law’. They use the law to reach a better position, i.e. to protect their cultural identity.
Wat gebeurt er op de gang? Een kwalitatief empirisch onderzoek naar schikkingsonderhandelingen tijdens civielrechtelijke procedures
Authors: Lieverse Lucas 
Published: January 2018

What do lawyers actually do? A qualitative empirical research on settlement negotiations during civil lawsuits in the Netherlands.
There is little known on settlement negotiations during civil lawsuits in the Netherlands. Settlement negotiations take place during a (suspension of the) public court hearing. The public hearing takes place in the majority of the civil lawsuits in the Netherlands. The qualitative empirical research I am carrying out, intents to give insight in these settlement negotiations and questions what lawyers actually do during these negotiations. The research intents to contribute to the effectiveness of settlement negotiations in the sense that (i) the number of settlements increases and of compulsory settlements decreases, (ii) the perceived fairness of procedure and outcome in settled cases increases, and (iii) the number of resolved underlying conflicts increases.I expect to find that most settlement negotiations can be qualified as distributive negotiations (as opposed to integrative negotiations). Furthermore, based on a literature review on biases and heuristics I hypothesized that settlement could be more effective than they actually are. The paper touches on the methodology and on both hypotheses.
Verzwijgen en ontkennen van slachtoffers van guerrillageweld in Argentinië
Authors: de Haan Willem , van Roekel Eva 
Published: January 2018

Silence and denial of victims of guerrilla violence in Argentina
In this article, we try to answer the question of how and why the stories of the victims of attacks by the guerrilla movements in the 1970s in Argentina are currently silenced in the public sphere. We analyse how this collective denial is negotiated in human rights discourse. In particular, we show how strategic and essentialist silences as well as denial (literal, interpretative, implicatory) feature in political debates about human rights and political violence.
‘Troostmeisjes’: Over de structurele ontkenning van seksuele slavernij en voortschrijdende victimisatie
Authors: Moerland Roland 
Published: January 2018

The 2015 South Korea - Japan ‘Comfort Women’ Deal: The structural denial of Japanese wartime sexual slavery and its implications in terms of continued victimization
In 2015, South-Korea and Japan came to a ‘final’ agreement concerning the ‘comfort women’ issue. This contribution reveals that this deal signals the next stage in a process of denial through which Japanese authorities have structurally denied the women’s’ victimhood. Taking a discourse analytical approach, the contribution investigates this historical process of denial and its implications. The analysis shows that denial takes several forms and performs different functions throughout the process. It demonstrates that denial is an interactional phenomenon, has different psychologies underlying it, and that it operates on different levels. Denial ultimately contributes to a state of continued victimization.
Alsof zij nooit geboren waren …
Authors: Brants Chrisje 
Published: January 2018

‘As though they had never been …’ Remembrance, denial and the old Jewish quarter of Amsterdam
After catastrophic events, memorialisation is part of coming to terms with the past and rebuilding the future. It is also part of the social construction of the past – a struggle between conflicting representations of past events by different groups in society, with different memories, interests and degrees of power to influence which version of history is eventually recognized as correct and which is denied. In Western Europe, we tend to study such processes in parts of the world far removed from our own, forgetting that the major genocide of the 20th century, took place in our own cities, and that a process of memorialisation was ongoing there for many years after the war. The Jewish quarter in the centre of Amsterdam has many monuments, buildings and museums connected to the history of the Jews of Amsterdam, the majority of whom died in the death camps of the Shoa. The memory landscape of the Jewish quarter is dynamic, a reflection of a culture of remembrance and denial concerning the Second World War, in which events and people are remembered, but others forgotten. What can the urban landscape of Amsterdam tell us about this culture and its relationship to social and political events during and after the war? What/who are remembered and what/who forgotten, by whom, and why? How has that changed over time?
Theo van Boven
Authors: Moerland Roland , Nelen Hans 
Published: January 2018

Theo van Boven
The two editors of this issue conducted an interview with professor emeritus International law and Human Rights Theo van Boven. Van Boven was UN Special Rapporteur against Torture and he served as Director of Human Rights of the United Nations. In these and his other positions, Van Boven fought for the rights of victims of gross human rights violations and throughout his career he experienced first-hand how regimes try to cover up and deny their crimes. The interview focuses on his experiences with the former military junta in Argentina. Van Boven notes that in comparison to other regimes, the junta had developed the most sophisticated strategy of denial. Van Boven reflects on the regime’s vocabulary of denial, the political dimensions of denial and the implications for the victims. He is open and sincere about his experiences as Director of Human Rights of the United Nations and explains how victim rights, such as the right to truth, can clash with the bureaucratic and political reality within the United Nations.
Verslag evenement ‘Bemiddeling: alleen voor de happy few?’
Authors: Goossens Sara 
Published: January 2018

Mediation: only for the happy few?
On 16 October 2017 the Ghent Court of Appeal, the Court of First Instance East Flanders, House of Justice Ghent, Centre for Welfare Work East Flanders, House of Mediation, Mediationlink, Mediation-at-Work.be organised a paneldiscussion titled ‘Mediation: only for the happy few?’ as part of the Belgian FBC Mediation Week 2017. Central in the discussion was how and to what extent the access to mediation inside and outside the courts in Belgium can be improved. This question was addressed by the seven members of the panel, representing the various stakeholders involved in mediation. A view that was shared by all was that from a very early age human beings should be educated in how to deal with disputes.
La reconnaissance de la dignité humaine interprétée à partir d’un modèle d’analyse de l’éducation éthique : un parcours en sept composantes
Authors: Bouchard Nancy 
Published: January 2018

Cet article examine les différentes composantes d’un modèle d’éducation éthique sous l’angle de la reconnaissance de la dignité humaine. Ce modèle, qui permet une lecture fine de l’éducation éthique dans un programme, se présente en sept composantes : trois composantes simples Éducation à la société (ES), Formation personnelle (FP) et Éducation à l’autre (EA) et quatre composantes à l’intersection de ces dernières (FP/EA, FP/ES, EA/ES et FP/EA/ES). Il a été développé dans le cadre de travaux menés sur l’éducation dans la francophonie. La recherche qualitative dont est issu ce modèle emprunte une logique inductive ancrée dans le corpus analysés. Au terme de l’examen des composantes de ce modèle, la conclusion est qu’une éducation éthique qui ferait de la dignité humaine un point de repère et une destination appellerait à une forme particulière de la reconnaissance de ladite dignité dans chacune des composantes dudit modèle.
Remote collection of microorganisms at two depths in a freshwater lake using an unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
Authors: Powers Craig , Hanlon Regina , Schmale III David G. 
Published: January 2018

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in freshwater aquatic environments, but little is known about their abundance, diversity, and transport. We designed and deployed a remote-operated water-sampling system onboard an unmanned surface vehicle (USV, a remote-controlled boat) to collect and characterize microbes in a freshwater lake in Virginia, USA. The USV collected water samples simultaneously at 5 and 50 cm below the surface of the water at three separate locations over three days in October, 2016. These samples were plated on a non-selective medium (TSA) and on a medium selective for the genusPseudomonas(KBC) to estimate concentrations of culturable bacteria in the lake. Mean concentrations ranged from 134 to 407 CFU/mL for microbes cultured on TSA, and from 2 to 8 CFU/mL for microbes cultured on KBC. There was a significant difference in the concentration of microbes cultured on KBC across three sampling locations in the lake (P= 0.027), suggesting an uneven distribution ofPseudomonasacross the locations sampled. There was also a significant difference in concentrations of microbes cultured on TSA across the three sampling days (P= 0.038), demonstrating daily fluctuations in concentrations of culturable bacteria. There was no significant difference in concentrations of microbes cultured on TSA (P= 0.707) and KBC (P= 0.641) across the two depths sampled, suggesting microorganisms were well-mixed between 5 and 50 cm below the surface of the water. About 1 percent (7/720) of the colonies recovered across all four sampling missions were ice nucleation active (ice+) at temperatures warmer than −10 °C. Our work extends traditional manned observations of aquatic environments to unmanned systems, and highlights the potential for USVs to understand the distribution and diversity of microbes within and above freshwater aquatic environments.
Mainshock‐Aftershock Clustering in Volcanic Regions
Authors: Garza‐Giron Ricardo , Brodsky Emily E. , Prejean Stephanie G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEarthquakes break their general Poissonean behavior through two types of seismic bursts: swarms and mainshock‐aftershock sequences. The former is commonly thought to dominate in volcanic and geothermal regions, but aftershock production, including within swarms, is not well studied in volcanic regions. Here we compare mainshock‐aftershock clustering in active volcanic regions in Japan to nearby nonvolcanic regions. We find that aftershock production is similar in both areas by two separate metrics: (1) Both volcanic and nonvolcanic regions have similar proportions of areas that cluster into mainshock‐aftershock sequences. (2) Volcanic areas with mainshock‐aftershock sequences have aftershock productivity at least as high as nonvolcanic regions. We also find that volcano‐tectonic events that are precursors to an eruption are more common at volcanoes without mainshock‐aftershock clusters than at volcanoes with well‐defined mainshock‐aftershock clusters. This last finding hints at a strategy to identify volcanic systems where cataloged earthquakes are good predictors of behavior.