bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignorance management in hospitals
Authors: Wilkesmann Maximiliane 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how professionals, like doctors, deal with their ignorance? Which strategies do they apply? How can the organization support activities that encourage dealing with ignorance in a positive way? The paper shows how ignorance can be managed in professional organizations like hospitals.Design/methodology/approachTo explore this touchy subject, the research follows a sequential mixed method design. The advantage of combining research methods is the opportunity to explore an uninvestigated research field. In the first exploratory research sequence (empirical study 1) preliminary questions were defined by means of 43 qualitative semi-structured interviews with hospital physicians and literature analysis. The results of the qualitative content analysis also served as a starting point for the development of a Germany-wide online-questionnaire survey with more than 2,500 physicians (empirical study 2).FindingsThe results show that breaks, a lack of negative organizational constraints, collective learning, positive role models and intrinsic motivation have the highest impact on ignorance sharing of physicians in hospitals. In reverse, negative organizational constraints, distrust, a lack of intrinsic motivation and omitting the implementation of evidence-based insights in terms of collective learning have the highest impact on hiding ignorance. These findings help to manage ignorance in a positive way.Originality/valuePhysicians all over the world have to deal with incomplete information and ignorance in their daily work. Mostly, they have no time and/or resources to gather all relevant information before they make a diagnosis or administer a therapy. It is quite evident that scientific discourses on knowledge management and professions mostly emphasize the power of expertise and knowledge, whereas research on ignorance is currently more or less neglected. This paper is one of the first attempts to overcome this research gap.
Isoquercitrin protects against pulmonary hypertension via inhibiting PASMCs proliferation
Authors: Zhang Yongtao , Cui Yuqian , Deng Wei , Wang Hao , Qin Weidong , Huang Chengmin , Li Chen , Zhang Jianning , Guo Yuan , Wu Dawei , Guo Haipeng 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPulmonary vascular remodelling is a common feature among the heterogeneous disorders that cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation impact the long‐term prognosis of the patient. Isoquercitrin (IQC) is a flavonoid with anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative activations. This study aimed to investigate whether IQC could prevent PASMCs proliferation and vascular remodelling in monocrotaline (MCT) induced PAH. Male Wistar rats were administered with Vehicle or 0.1% IQC maintain feed after MCT (40 mg/kg) injection. Haemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy and lung morphological features were assessed 3 weeks later. MCT‐induced PAH, pulmonary vascular remodelling and PASMCs proliferation in Vehicle‐treated rats. IQC reduced the right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP), the ratio of RV/LV+S and the RV hypertrophy. IQC significantly alleviated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), smooth muscle α‐actin (α‐SMA), and the percentage of fully muscularized small arterioles. In vitro studies, PASMCs were pretreated with IQC and stimulated with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB (20 ng/mL). IQC suppressed PDGF‐BB‐induced PASMCs proliferation and caused G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. IQC downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 as well as inhibited p27Kip1 degradation. Meanwhile, IQC negatively modulated PDGF‐BB‐induced phosphorylation of PDGF‐Rβ, Akt/GSK3β and ERK1/2. IQC ameliorated MCT‐induced pulmonary vascular remodelling via suppressing PASMCs proliferation and blocking PDGF‐Rβ signalling pathway.
Incapacity of the Mind Secondary to Medication Misuse as a Not Criminally Responsible Defense
Authors: Prat Sebastien S. , Losier Bruno J. , Moulden Heather M. , Chaimowitz Gary A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe manifestations of disorders of the mind may play a role in the occurrence of criminal behavior. In the majority of the cases, the presence of a psychiatric disorder is cited as the reason that an individual was not fully aware of his behavior. However, other conditions, such as seizure disorders or hypoglycemia, have also been linked to an inability to understand the nature and consequences of one's actions. On occasion, these situations can be explained by a state of automatism that may be described as insane or noninsane. In this article, we describe the case of a 77‐year‐old man, suffering from Parkinson's disease, where the issue of criminal responsibility associated with incapacity of the mind secondary to medication misuse was raised. We elaborate on the thinking behind this opinion and the implications according to Canadian law. Although the legal outcome of this case is specific to our jurisdiction, the clinical implication may be common to any patient suffering from a similar condition and may inform physicians, families, and lawyers.
The Differentiation of Menstrual from Venous Blood and Other Body Fluids on Various Substrates Using ATR FT‐IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Quinn Alicia A. , Elkins Kelly M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCrime scene investigators and laboratory analysts use chemical tests to detect and differentiate body fluids. Testing often requires a sample of the stain, and the chemicals may cause degradation of the fluid or interfere with subsequent tests. Colorimetric chemical tests do not differentiate between different types of the same fluid, such as venous and menstrual blood, and there is no presumptive test available to simultaneously differentiate several body fluids. In this study, we recorded ATR FT‐IR spectra of venous and menstrual blood, semen, saliva, and breastmilk. Neat and simulated casework body fluid samples were analyzed on cotton, nylon, wood, paper, and glass substrates. Differences in fluid composition, including proteins and small molecules, resulted in spectral differences. Venous and menstrual blood is differentiated by the peak at 1039 cm−1 attributed to phosphoric acid found in menstrual blood. Peak intensity is influenced by the porosity and weave of the substrate fabric.
Clinically Detectable Dental Identifiers Observed in Intra‐oral Photographs and Extra‐oral Radiographs, Validated for Human Identification Purposes
Authors: Angelakopoulos Nikolaos , Franco Ademir , Willems Guy , Fieuws Steffen , Thevissen Patrick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractScreening the prevalence and pattern of dental identifiers contributes toward the process of human identification. This research investigated the uniqueness of clinical dental identifiers in photographs and radiographs. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs and five intra‐oral photographs of 1727 subjects were used. In a target set, two observers examined different subjects. In a subset, both observers examined the same subjects (source set). The distance between source and target subjects was quantified for each identifier. The percentage of subjects in the target set being at least as close as the correct subject was assessed. The number of molars (34.6%), missing teeth (42%), and displaced teeth (59.9%) were the most unique identifiers in photographs and panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs, respectively. The pattern of rotated teeth (14.9%) was the most unique in photographs, while displaced teeth was in panoramic (37.6%) and lateral cephalometric (54.8%) radiographs. Morphological identifiers were the most unique, highlighting their importance for human identifications.
The Role of Wheat and Egg Constituents in the Formation of a Covalent and Non‐covalent Protein Network in Fresh and Cooked Egg Noodles
Authors: Lambrecht Marlies A. , Rombouts Ine , Nivelle Mieke A. , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNoodles of constant protein content and flour‐to‐egg protein ratio were made with whole egg, egg white, or egg yolk. The optimal cooking time, water absorption, and cooking loss of salted whole egg noodles was respectively lower and higher than of egg white and egg yolk noodles. However, cooked whole egg noodles showed the best Kieffer‐rig extensibility. Differences in noodle properties were linked to protein network formation. Disulfide bonds in whole egg noodles developed faster and to a larger extent during cooking than in egg yolk noodles but slower and to a lower extent than in egg white noodles. The balance between the rate of protein cross‐linking and starch swelling determines cooked noodle properties. Ionic and hydrophobic protein interactions increase the optimum cooking time and total work in Kieffer‐rig extensibility testing of fresh noodles. Hydrogen bonds and covalent cross‐links are probably the main determinants of the extensibility of cooked noodles.
Sensory Quality Preservation of Coated Walnuts
Authors: Grosso Antonella L. , Asensio Claudia M. , Grosso Nelson R. , Nepote Valeria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory stability of coated walnuts during storage. Four walnut samples were prepared: uncoated (NC), and samples coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (NCMC), methyl cellulose (NMC), or whey protein (NPS). The samples were stored at room temperature for 210 d and were periodically removed from storage to perform a sensory descriptive analysis. A consumer acceptance test was carried out on the fresh product (storage day 0) to evaluate flavor. All samples exhibited significant differences in their sensory attributes initially and after storage. Intensity ratings for oxidized and cardboard flavors increased during storage. NC showed the highest oxidized and cardboard intensity ratings (39 and 22, respectively) and NMC exhibited the lowest intensity ratings for these negative attributes (8 and 17, respectively) after 210 d of storage. Alternatively, the intensity ratings for sweetness and walnut flavors were decreased for all samples. NMC had the lowest decrease at the end of storage for these positive attributes (75.86 in walnut flavor and 12.09 in sweetness). The results of this study suggest a protective effect of the use of an edible coating to preserve sensory attributes during storage, especially for samples coated with MC. The results of the acceptance test showed that addition of the coating negatively affected the flavor acceptance for NMC and NCMC coated walnuts. Edible coatings help to preserve sensory attributes in walnuts, improving their shelf‐life, however, these coatings may affect consumer acceptance in some cases.
Glimpsing the Devil's Tale? Towards a Visual Narratology of the Fantastic in Illustrated Editions of Cazotte's Le Diable amoureux
Authors: Hensher Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article considers the illustration of Jacques Cazotte's prototypical fantastic novella Le Diable amoureux from its publication in 1772 through to the twentieth century. Setting out and applying a theoretical approach based on narratological models proposed by Gérard Genette and subsequent theorists, it examines the role of the ‘spectator’ embedded within images in generating narrative ambiguity and provoking the hesitation on the part of the reader/viewer that Tzvetan Todorov identified as the key feature of the fantastic. The different types of spectator are defined and their interaction with textual narration analysed.
The burden of nonadherence among adults with asthma: a role for shared decision‐making
Authors: Pollard S. , Bansback N. , FitzGerld J. M. , Bryan S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA shared approach to decision‐making framework has been suggested for chronic disease management especially where multiple treatment options exist. Shared decision‐making (SDM) requires that both physician and patients are actively engaged in the decision‐making process, including information exchange; expressing treatment preferences; as well as agreement over the final treatment decision. Although SDM appears well supported by patients, practitioners and policymakers alike, the current challenge is to determine how best to make SDM a reality in everyday clinical practice. Within the context of asthma, adherence rates are poor and are linked to outcomes such as reduced asthma control, increased symptoms, healthcare expenditures, and lower patient quality of life. It has been suggested that SDM can improve treatment adherence and that ignoring patients’ personal goals and preferences may result in reduced rates of adherence. Furthermore, understanding predictors of poor treatment adherence is a necessary step toward developing effective strategies to improve the patient‐reported and clinically important outcomes. Here, we describe why a shared approach to treatment decision‐making for asthma has the potential to be an effective tool for improving adherence, with associated clinical and patient‐related outcomes. In addition, we explore insights into the reasons why SDM has not been implemented into routine clinical practice.
Inalienable performances, mutable heirlooms: Dance, cultural inheritance, and political transformation in the Republic of Guinea
Authors: COHEN ADRIENNE J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDance in the Republic of Guinea is an object of cultural transmission that magnifies the inherent contingency of social reproduction and the plasticity of the heirloom. Long connected to the vicissitudes of Guinean politics, dance was violently appropriated by the postindependence socialist state (1958–84) as a tool of nation building. In postsocialist Guinea, where the nation‐state has relinquished its stake in the performing arts, young practitioners create new improvisational forms that emblematize shifting models of ideal personhood. Novel dance forms incite tension about intergenerational trust and cultural inheritance in a social context in which neither the heirloom nor the cultural identity it signals remains stable. [dance, inheritance, inalienability, personhood, postsocialism, Republic of Guinea, West Africa]La danse en République de Guinée sert de véhicule de transmission culturelle qui démontre la nature contingente de la reproduction sociale et la nature plastique de l'héritage culturelle. Longtemps liée aux vicissitudes de la politique guinéenne, la danse fut violemment appropriée par l’état socialiste pendant la période qui suivit l'indépendance (1958–84) comme outil pour la construction de la nation. En Guinée postsocialiste, où l′État‐nation a abandonné son mécénat des arts du spectacle, de jeunes danseurs créent des nouvelles formes d'improvisation qui révèlent des chagemements dans la conceptualisation de l'identité individuelle. Ces nouvelles formes de danse suscitent des problèmes de confiance entre les générations par rapport à la succession culturelle, dans un contexte où ni l'héritage ni l'identité culturelle sont stables. [danse, héritage culturel, inaliénabilité, notion de personne, postsocialisme, République de Guinée, Afrique de l'Ouest]Kabi a rakuya, fare nun mangɛya nu e boore malima la République de Guinée bɔxi ma. Première République waxati (1958–1984), La Guinée mangasanyi nu fare xa fe rawalima alako ɲama xa lan e boore ma, mangasanyi xa nɔ mixie mafa a mabiri. Kabi Sékou Touré xa waxati raɲɔnyi, mangasanyi mu artistya tide to alɔ singe ra. Kɔnɔ mixi wuyaxie bara naatɛ tongo fare xa fe ma, alako e xa nɔ masenyi tife ɲama ma duniɲɛigiri xa fe ma. Artiste tagi, lanlanteya mu na temui birin mixi mɔxie nun mixi mɔxitaree tagi. Naamunyie na masarafe; to maɲɔxunyi mu lanxi xɔrɔ maɲɔxunyi ma. Ɲama ki fan masarafe. Birin xa na kolon fare saabui ra. [fare, kɛɛ, lanyi, mixiya, postsocialisme, République de Guinée, Afrique de l'Ouest]
Between the ethical and the right thing: How (not) to be corrupt in Indonesian bureaucracy in an age of good governance
Authors: TIDEY SYLVIA 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIs it possible to be corrupt yet ethical? Or good but unethical? In one of Indonesia's most corrupt towns, the answers to these questions are far from clear for young elite civil servants, who must navigate the moral‐ethical landscape of post‐Suharto bureaucracy. For them, anticorruption efforts heighten uncertainty regarding what corruption is and facilitate slippage between various constructions of ethical selfhood. The uncertainty arises at the intersection of local moral economies, national ideologies of state building, the particular global morality of anticorruption, and a conception of the good that inspires neoliberal ideas on governance. Finding themselves at this intersection, young civil servants can find no unambiguous contrast between being “good” and “corrupt.” [corruption, anticorruption, good governance, civil service, morality, ethics, Indonesia]Apakah mungkin seseorang yang melakukan praktek korupsi akan tetapi pada saat yang bersamaan menjadi seseorang yang etis? Atau sebaliknya; apakah mungkin menjadi seseorang yang baik akan tetapi juga tidak etis? Di suatu kota yang paling korup di Indonesia, jawaban terhadap pertanyaan di atas sangatlah tidak jelas dan sulit untuk diterangkan bagi elit Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) muda, yang harus menavigasi tatanan moral dan etika dalam tubuh birokrasi pasca kekuasaan Soeharto. Bagi mereka, upaya gerakan antikorupsi justru meningkatkan ketidakjelasan tentang apa itu korupsi dan mempermudah tergelincir di antara beragam konstruksi dan makna etika. Ketidakjelasan itu timbul pada saat terjadi persinggungan antara ekonomi moral lokal, ideologi nasional tentang pembentukan negara, nilai moralitas antikorupsi global dan konsepsi tentang kebaikan, yang menginspirasi ide‐ide neoliberalisme tentang pemerintahan. Bagi PNS yang berada di tengah‐tengah persimpangan ini, mereka menemukan ketiadaan batas yang jelas antar menjadi “baik” dan “korup”. [korupsi, anti korupsi, good governance, Pamong Praja, moralitas, etika, Indonesia]
Market's end: Fair‐trade social premiums as development in Dominica
Authors: MOBERG MARK 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTOn the island of Dominica, in the eastern Caribbean, the sale of fair‐trade bananas generates “social premiums” to fund projects that the government can no longer afford because of structural adjustment. Promoted as a means of democratic decision‐making, social premiums operate in an “awkward zone of engagement” between development policy and local practice. Their uses are constrained by fair‐trade certification, as well as by the gender, class, and political nexus of farmers’ groups and communities. As a development strategy and system of governance, fair trade invokes universal narratives of democracy and pluralism, but its effects are expressed through local dispositions of identity and material practice, as well as competitive “ethical” markets. For farmers, global competition and rigid certification standards signal an impending “market's end,” the closure of their last alternative as agriculturalists. [fair trade,social premium,Great Recession,neoliberal development,governmentality,Dominica,Caribbean]Nan zile Dominica nan Karayib la, peman sosyal ki soti nan ekspòtasyon bannann selon pratik komès ekitab finanse pwojè avèk ki gouvènman an pa ka koresponn poutèt ajisteman estriktirèl yo. Yo fè yo pase pou fason pou fè desizyon demokratik, men peman sosyal opere nan yon “zòn angajman dwòl” ki ant politik devlopman ak pratik lokal. Jan yo sèvi a jwenn limitasyon nan kesyon sètifikasyon komès ekitab, ak tout kesyon sèks, klas avèk kontèks politik gwoup fèmye yo ak kominote yo. Kòm estrateji devlopman ak sistèm gouvènans, komès ekitab sèvi ak diskou demokrasi ak “pliralis”, men efè li soti nan idantite lokal avèk pratik materyèl, ansanm ak konpetitisyon nan mache lokal. Pou fèmye yo, konpetisyon global avèk estanda sètifikasyon twò sevè anonse “fen yon mache” ki san lè rive, pwen final nan dènye posibilite yo kòm agrikiltè. [komès ekitab,peman sosyal,Gwo Resesyon,devlopman neoliberal,gouvernementalité,Dominica,Karayib]
Documenting subjects: Performativity and audit culture in food production in northern Italy
Authors: CAVANAUGH JILLIAN R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTLinguistic labor in both verbal and documentary forms is essential to contemporary capitalist production, occurring across commodity‐chain processes and helping to produce particular neoliberal worker‐selves. In the case of food production, linguistic labor in the form of documentation is required at every stage of production to ensure food safety. These documents performatively constitute and effectively govern what they purport to depict. But they also exist in dynamic tension with moments of economic sociability, that is, consequential verbal interactions that permeate the production process. Such interactions may or may not be represented by the documents. In northern Italy the interplay between documents and sociability helps to produce notions like food safety and highlights the complex constraints and creativities that characterize modern food production. [documents, subjectivity, neoliberalism, audit culture, meat, food production, Italy]Il lavoro linguistico—sia nella forma verbale che in quella documentaria, che ha luogo nella catena produttiva e che contribuisce a generare specifici “lavoratori‐persone”, propri del neoliberalismo—è essenziale nella produzione capitalista contemporanea. Nel caso della produzione alimentare il lavoro linguistico, sotto forma di documentazione, è obbligatorio in tutte le fasi di produzione per assicurare la sicurezza alimentare. Questi documenti costituiscono performativamente quello che affermano di rappresentare e lo regolano efficacemente. Ma allo stesso tempo si trovano in un rapporto di tensione dinamica con i momenti di sociabilità economica, cioè, con le normali interazioni verbali che pervadono i processi di produzione. Queste interazioni possono o meno essere rappresentate dai documenti. Nel Nord d'Italia, il rapporto tra documenti e sociabilità aiuta a produrre nozioni come quella di sicurezza alimentare ed evidenzia i limiti e la creatività della produzione alimentare moderna. [documenti, soggettività, neoliberalismo, cultura dell'audit, carne, produzione alimentare, Italia]
Expert evidence on trial: Social researchers in the international criminal courtroom
Authors: WILSON RICHARD ASHBY 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTSocial researchers often feature as expert witnesses in international criminal trials, and they can exert a strong influence on a court's understandings of mass atrocities. Analysis of over 400 expert appearances shows that, overall, international judges prefer experts who use scientific methods, but when social researchers are called, courts favor qualitative researchers over quantitative ones. In two international speech‐crimes trials, a language expert was preferred to a quantitative sociologist because the former did not challenge the sovereignty of judges or the status hierarchy of the courtroom. When excluding quantitative experts, judges cite “common sense” as the basis of facticity and knowledge. The prevailing epistemological framework at international criminal tribunals results from the knowledge strategies of legal actors operating in a structurally fragile context.