bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of bone disease in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Ntanasis-Stathopoulos Ioannis , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOsteolytic bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma, which deteriorates the quality of life of myeloma patients, and it affects dramatically their morbidity and mortality. The basis of the pathogenesis of myeloma-related bone disease is the uncoupling of the bone-remodeling process. The interaction between myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to the activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts, resulting in bone loss. Several intracellular and intercellular signaling cascades, including RANK/RANKL/OPG, Notch, Wnt, and numerous chemokines and interleukins are implicated in this complex process. During the last years, osteocytes have emerged as key regulators of bone loss in myeloma through direct interactions with the myeloma cells. The myeloma-induced crosstalk among the molecular pathways establishes a positive feedback that sustains myeloma cell survival and continuous bone destruction, even when a plateau phase of the disease has been achieved. Targeted therapies, based on the better knowledge of the biology, constitute a promising approach in the management of myeloma-related bone disease and several novel agents are currently under investigation. Herein, we provide an insight into the underlying pathogenesis of bone disease and discuss possible directions for future studies.
Speciation of common Gram-negative pathogens using a highly multiplexed high resolution melt curve assay
Authors: Edwards Thomas , Sasaki Shugo , Williams Christopher , Hobbs Glyn , Feasey Nicholas A. , Evans Katie , Adams Emily R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe identification of the bacterial species responsible for an infection remains an important step for the selection of antimicrobial therapy. Gram-negative bacteria are an important source of hospital and community acquired infections and frequently antimicrobial resistant. Speciation of bacteria is typically carried out by biochemical profiling of organisms isolated from clinical specimens, which is time consuming and delays the initiation of tailored treatment. Whilst molecular methods such as PCR have been used, they often struggle with the challenge of detecting and discriminating a wide range of targets. High resolution melt analysis is an end-point qPCR detection method that provides greater multiplexing capability than probe based methods. Here we report the design of a high resolution melt analysis assay for the identification of six common Gram-negative pathogens; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Sp, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and a generic Gram-negative specific 16S rRNA control. The assay was evaluated using a well characterised collection of 113 clinically isolated Gram-negative bacteria. The agreement between the HRM assay and the reference test of PCR and sequencing was 98.2% (Kappa 0.96); the overall sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 97.1% (95% CI: 90.1–99.7%) and 100% (95% CI: 91.78–100%) respectively.
Cytokine-mediated changes in K+ channel activity promotes an adaptive Ca2+ response that sustains β-cell insulin secretion during inflammation
Authors: Dickerson Matthew T. , Bogart Avery M. , Altman Molly K. , Milian Sarah C. , Jordan Kelli L. , Dadi Prasanna K. , Jacobson David A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCytokines present during low-grade inflammation contribute to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Cytokine signaling disrupts β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx (GSCI) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ER) handling, leading to diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, cytokine-mediated changes in ion channel activity that alter β-cell Ca2+ handling remain unknown. Here we investigated the role of K+ currents in cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction. Kslow currents, which control the termination of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations, were reduced following cytokine exposure. As a consequence, [Ca2+]i and electrical oscillations were accelerated. Cytokine exposure also increased basal islet [Ca2+]i and decreased GSCI. The effect of cytokines on TALK-1 K+ currents were also examined as TALK-1 mediates Kslow by facilitating [Ca2+]ER release. Cytokine exposure decreased KCNK16 transcript abundance and associated TALK-1 protein expression, increasing [Ca2+]ER storage while maintaining 2nd phase GSCI and GSIS. This adaptive Ca2+ response was absent in TALK-1 KO islets, which exhibited decreased 2nd phase GSCI and diminished GSIS. These findings suggest that Kslow and TALK-1 currents play important roles in altered β-cell Ca2+ handling and electrical activity during low-grade inflammation. These results also reveal that a cytokine-mediated reduction in TALK-1 serves an acute protective role in β-cells by facilitating increased Ca2+ content to maintain GSIS.
Accuracy of a Screening Tool for Early Identification of Language Impairment
Authors: Uilenburg Noëlle , Wiefferink Karin , Verkerk Paul , van Denderen Margot , van Schie Carla , Oudesluys-Murphy Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2018

Purpose

A screening tool called the
VTO Language Screening Instrument
(VTO-LSI) was developed to enable more uniform and earlier detection of language impairment. This report, consisting of 2 retrospective studies, focuses on the effects of using the VTO-LSI compared to regular detection procedures.

Method
Study 1 retrospectively compared VTO-LSI with regular detection procedures. Outcome measure was the detection rate of language impairment among 24-month-old children. Data were retrieved from medical records of children attending a youth health care center. Study 2 retrospectively compared the effects of VTO-LSI and regular detection procedures on the age at referral for diagnostic investigations and the influence of sex. Data were retrieved from medical records from the speech and hearing center and analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance.

Results
With the VTO-LSI, significantly more cases with language impairment were identified compared with the regular detection procedure (2.4% vs. 0.4%). In regions where the VTO-LSI was used, girls were almost 2 years younger, and boys were 1 year younger when referred to diagnostic investigations than in regions with regular detection procedures.

Conclusion
The VTO-LSI was more effective than regular detection procedures.
Role of the emergency extra-intracranial bypass in acute occlusive arterial disease: evidence in the literature as to the benefit to young patients and an illustrative case of a patient with extra- and intracranial traumatic internal carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Castro-Flores Juan Antonio , Roelke Carlos Eduardo , Falcão Luis Fernando , Becco de Souza Rodrigo , Moon Tae Yoon , Santos Raimundo , Brasileiro de Aguiar Guilherme , Nóbrega Bruno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe extra-intracranial bypass has been used in the treatment of patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. More recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of this technique to patients with arterial occlusion in the acute phase. We relate the case of a 19-year-old patient, victim of cervical trauma, who presented evidence of intra- and extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and progressive intra hospital clinical worsening. He underwent a high-flow bypass surgery with NIHSS at 17, progressing with progressive intra hospital improvement and in the outpatient segment achieved a NIHSS of 2 in 6 months of follow-up. We discuss the role of high- and low-flow bypass in chronic occlusive arterial disease, based on a review of the literature. We conclude that in spite of there being a divergence as to the indication for, and benefits of, these techniques in chronic occlusive arterial disease, in the acute phase, there appears to be a more evident benefit mainly in the young patients, whose etiology is the dissection of the ICA.
On the relationality of centers, peripheries and interactional regimes
Authors: Baynham Mike , Hanušová Jolana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper we discuss a multilingual interactional event that involves both interpreting and literacy work, part of a large scale study on translanguaging in superdiverse urban settings.1 In the first part of the interaction, the center/periphery dynamic is played out in what might be called “contested translanguaging” between Standard Czech and a Slovak influenced dialect of Czech, in the second part in contested translanguaging between Standard Czech and English. The center/periphery dynamic, we argue can be understood in terms of attraction/repulsion. The translanguaging involves a struggle over both meaning and form in which some participants lose out. The second part of the interaction is a dramatic reverse in what is treated as central and dominant in the first part, suggesting a hierarchical ordering of interactional regimes. We will argue for the necessity of taking into account these hierarchically ordered interactional regimes and the linguistic ideologies associated with them in the shaping of translanguaging practices.
Pragmatic functions of gestures
Authors: Kendon Adam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the eighteenth century and before, gesture was considered from the point of view of how it should be used in oratory, as a part
of the art of engaging in persuasive discourse. This contrasts with the interest pursued in modern gesture studies where, for the
most part, the hand movements that people make when they speak have been studied as representations of the substantive or
propositional content of the utterance, seen as providing clues about the mental or cognitive processes governing speaking.
Speaking is also a form of social action, however, and gestures play an important role in this. An historical perspective on the
study of gesture from a pragmatic point of view is provided, followed by a summary of the main features of the pragmatic
functioning of gesture.
How recurrent gestures mean
Authors: Müller Cornelia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrawing upon corpus analyses of recurrent gestures, a pragmatics perspective on gestural meaning and conventionalization will be developed. Gesture pragmatics is considered in terms of usage-based, embodied and interactively emerging meaning. The article brings together cognitive linguistic, cognitive semiotic and interactional perspectives on meaning making.How the interrelation between different types of context (interactional, semantic/pragmatic/syntactic, distribution across a corpus) with the embodied motivation of kinesic forms in actions and movement experiences of the body might play out in the process of conventionalization is illustrated by discussing threerecurrent gestures: thePalm-Up-Open-Hand, theHolding Away, and theCyclic gesture. By merging conventional and idiosyncratic elements recurrent gestures occupy a place between spontaneously created (singular) gestures and emblems as fully conventionalized gestural expressions on a continuum of increasing conventionalization (cf. Kendon’s continuum:McNeill, 1992,2000).Recurrent gestures are an interesting case to study how processes of conventionalization may involve emergent de-compositions of gestural movements into smaller concomitant Gestalts (cf.Kendon, 2004, Chapters 15 & 16). They are particularly revealing in showing how those de-compositional processes are grounded experientially in contexts-of-use and remain grounded in conventionalized, yet still embodied, experiential frames.
BAUM: improving genome assembly by adaptive unique mapping and local overlap-layout-consensus approach
Authors: Wang Anqi , Wang Zhanyu , Li Zheng , Li Lei M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
It is highly desirable to assemble genomes of high continuity and consistency at low cost. The current bottleneck of draft genome continuity using the second generation sequencing (SGS) reads is primarily caused by uncertainty among repetitive sequences. Even though the single-molecule real-time sequencing technology is very promising to overcome the uncertainty issue, its relatively high cost and error rate add burden on budget or computation. Many long-read assemblers take the overlap-layout-consensus (OLC) paradigm, which is less sensitive to sequencing errors, heterozygosity and variability of coverage. However, current assemblers of SGS data do not sufficiently take advantage of the OLC approach.

Results
Aiming at minimizing uncertainty, the proposed method BAUM, breaks the whole genome into regions by adaptive unique mapping; then the local OLC is used to assemble each region in parallel. BAUM can (i) perform reference-assisted assembly based on the genome of a close species (ii) or improve the results of existing assemblies that are obtained based on short or long sequencing reads. The tests on two eukaryote genomes, a wild rice Oryza longistaminata and a parrot Melopsittacus undulatus, show that BAUM achieved substantial improvement on genome size and continuity. Besides, BAUM reconstructed a considerable amount of repetitive regions that failed to be assembled by existing short read assemblers. We also propose statistical approaches to control the uncertainty in different steps of BAUM.

Availability and implementation
http://www.zhanyuwang.xin/wordpress/index.php/2017/07/21/baum

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The History of Aphasiology
Authors: Kertesz Andrew 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter charts the history of aphasiology from antiquity to the recent past. An arbitrary line is drawn to include paragraphs of only those who passed, to avoid the review of large amounts of currently active research. References are provided for original work as well as other historical reviews, the review groups, scientific and conceptual developments in historical time periods, regions of work, disciplines, and schools of thought. Contemporary aphasiology is part of the neurosciences, both basic and applied, advancing at a pace so precipitous as to be almost disorienting. We are benefiting from today’s incredible advances in MRI, PET, functional MRI, voxel-based morphometry, transcortical stimulation and white matter diffusion imaging, genetic and molecular biology laboratory work, and continuing clinical experience. History is being made at almost every minute and is better recorded than ever before. An update is already overdue.
Multisource Feedback and Narrative Comments: Polarity, Specificity, Actionability, and CanMEDS Roles
Authors: Lockyer Jocelyn M. , Sargeant Joan , Richards Suzanne H. , Campbell John L. , Rivera Laura A. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:
Multisource feedback is a questionnaire-based assessment tool that provides physicians with data about workplace behaviors and may combine numeric and narrative (free-text) comments. Little attention has been paid to wording of requests for comments, potentially limiting its utility to support physician performance. This study tested the phrasing of two different sets of questions.

Methods:
Two sets of questions were tested with family physicians, medical and surgical specialists, and their medical colleague and coworker respondents. One set asked respondents to identify one thing the participant physician does well and one thing the physician could target for action. Set 2 questions asked what does the physician do well and what might the physician do to enhance practice. Resulting free-text comments provided by respondents were coded for polarity (positive, neutral, or negative), specificity (precision and detail), actionability (ability to use the feedback to direct future activity), and CanMEDS roles (competencies) and analyzed descriptively.

Results:
Data for 222 physicians (111 physicians per set) were analyzed. A total of 1824 comments (8.2/physician) were submitted, with more comments from coworkers than medical colleagues. Set 1 yielded more comments and were more likely to be positive, semi specific, and very actionable than set 2. However, set 2 generated more very specific comments. Comments covered all CanMEDS roles with more comments for collaborator and leader roles.

Discussion:
The wording of questions inviting free-text responses influences the volume and nature of the comments provided. Individuals designing multisource feedback tools should carefully consider wording of items soliciting narrative responses.
Synovial sarcomas of the upper aero-digestive tract: is there a role for conservative surgery?
Authors: Paderno Alberto , Gronchi Alessandro , Piazza Cesare 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
To present the current state of knowledge concerning the role of conservative surgery in the treatment of synovial sarcomas of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT).

Recent findings
The wider experience on synovial sarcomas involving the extremities and the results of retrospective reports focused on head and neck synovial sarcomas tend to justify a conservative surgical approach when dealing with tumors involving the UADT.

Summary
UADT synovial sarcomas is an extremely rare clinical entity (only around 50 cases reported in the literature, with four more herein presented from our own surgical series), with no clear guidelines concerning its treatment. Resection should be aimed to an en-bloc removal of the tumor within uninvolved surgical margins. In fit patients, a conservative surgical approach should be preferred if it does not interfere with a complete resection and reasonable functional outcomes. Adjuvant treatments (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) are frequently needed in view of the aggressive behavior of such tumor, but they should be balanced according to patient's characteristics and tumor risk factors (grade, size, and previous treatments).
Evidence for a hyper-reductive redox in a sub-set of heart failure patients
Authors: Thiagarajan Sairam , Patel Amit N. , Subrahmanian Meenu , Gopalan Rajendran , Pogwizd Steven M. , Ramalingam Sudha , Ramalingam Sankaran , Rajasekaran Namakkal S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress has been linked to heart failure (HF) in humans. Antioxidant-based treatments are often ineffective. Therefore, we hypothesize that some of the HF patients might have a reductive stress (RS) condition. Investigating RS-related mechanisms will aid in personalized optimization of redox homeostasis for better outcomes among HF patients.MethodsBlood samples were collected from HF patients (n=54) and healthy controls (n=42) and serum was immediately preserved in –80°C for redox analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid peroxidation) levels by HPLC, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its redox ratio (GSH/GSSG) using enzymatic-recycling assay in the serum of HF patients were measured. Further, the kinetics of key enzymatic-antioxidant enzymes was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Non-invasive echocardiography was used to relate circulating redox status with cardiac function and remodeling.ResultsThe circulatory redox state (GSH/MDA ratio) was used to stratify the HF patients into normal redox (NR), hyper-oxidative (HO), and hyper-reductive (HR) groups. While the majority of the HF patients exhibited the HO (42%), 41% of them had a normal redox (NR) state. Surprisingly, a subset of HF patients (17%) belonged to the hyper-reductive group, suggesting a strong implication for RS in the progression of HF. In HF patients, SOD, GPx and catalase were significantly increased while GR activity was significantly reduced relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, echocardiography analyses revealed that 55% of HO patients had higher systolic dysfunction while 75% of the hyper-reductive patients had higher diastolic dysfunction.ConclusionThese results suggest that RS may be associated with HF pathogenesis for a subset of cardiac patients. Thus, stratification of HF patients based on their circulating redox status may serve as a useful prognostic tool to guide clinicians designing personalized antioxidant therapies.
Hybrid fire testing
Authors: Sauca Ana , Gernay Thomas , Robert Fabienne , Tondini Nicola , Franssen Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for hybrid fire testing (HFT) which is unconditionally stable, ensures equilibrium and compatibility at the interface and captures the global behavior of the analyzed structure. HFT is a technique that allows assessing experimentally the fire performance of a structural element under real boundary conditions that capture the effect of the surrounding structure.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper starts with the analysis of the method used in the few previous HFT. Based on the analytical study of a simple one degree-of-freedom elastic system, it is shown that this previous method is fundamentally unstable in certain configurations that cannot be easily predicted in advance. Therefore, a new method is introduced to overcome the stability problem. The method is applied in a virtual hybrid test on a 2D reinforced concrete beam part of a moment-resisting frame.

Findings
It is shown through analytical developments and applicative examples that the stability of the method used in previous HFT depends on the stiffness ratio between the two substructures. The method is unstable when implemented in force control on a physical substructure that is less stiff than the surrounding structure. Conversely, the method is unstable when implemented in displacement control on a physical substructure stiffer than the remainder. In multi-degrees-of-freedom tests where the temperature will affect the stiffness of the elements, it is generally not possible to ensure continuous stability throughout the test using this former method. Therefore, a new method is proposed where the stability is not dependent on the stiffness ratio between the two substructures. Application of the new method in a virtual HFT proved to be stable, to ensure compatibility and equilibrium at the interface and to reproduce accurately the global structural behavior.

Originality/value
The paper provides a method to perform hybrid fire tests which overcomes the stability problem lying in the former method. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated in a virtual HFT with three degrees-of-freedom at the interface, the next step being its implementation in a real (laboratory) hybrid test.