bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pubertal development and anxiety risk independently relate to startle habituation during fear conditioning in 8–14 year‐old females
Authors: Jackson Felicia , Nelson Brady D. , Meyer Alexandria , Hajcak Greg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReduced habituation to aversive stimuli has been observed during adolescence and may reflect an underlying mechanism of vulnerability for anxiety disorders. This study examined the startle reflex during a fear‐learning task in 54 8–14‐year‐old girls. We examined the relationship between mean startle, startle habituation, pubertal development, and two measures linked to risk for anxiety: behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the error‐related negativity (ERN). Puberty, BIS, and the ERN were unrelated to mean startle; however, each measure modulated startle habituation. Greater pubertal development was associated with reduced startle habituation across the CS+ and CS−. Higher BIS related to a larger ERN, and both were associated with reduced startle habituation specifically to the CS+. All effects were independent of each other. Findings suggest that puberty alters habituation of defense system activation to both threat and safety cues, and this is independent of risk for anxiety, which uniquely impacts habituation to threat cues.
Landscape disturbance models consistently explain variation in ecological integrity across large landscapes
Authors: Decker Karin L. , Pocewicz Amy , Harju Seth , Holloran Matt , Fink Michelle M. , Toombs Theodore P. , Johnston Danielle Bilyeu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe generally negative effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the quality of habitats for species viability makes it a common focus of conservation assessment and prioritization efforts. Although many available spatial models and metrics (e.g., distance to or density of disturbance) characterize impact patterns of anthropogenic disturbance on the landscape, a general evaluation of model performance against empirical measurements of ecological integrity is lacking. We tested both distance‐based and disturbance‐density models in relation to ecological indicators. The models included roads, residential and commercial development, agricultural land use, mining, energy development infrastructure, and transmission structures as disturbance sources. Model parameters were based on expert input and results from the published literature. The disturbance models were tested against two disparate and independent measures of habitat quality: a floristic quality index and measures of greater sage‐grouse population integrity. Floristic quality scores were significantly lower in vegetation plots closer to disturbances in a general distance‐based disturbance model across Colorado. Although the proportion of variation in floristic quality explained by anthropogenic disturbance was relatively low (8.5–11.8%), it appeared to represent a ubiquitous baseline negative effect of proximity to anthropogenic disturbance on the quality of vegetation communities. For both distance‐ and density‐based greater sage‐grouse models, modeled disturbance indices were significantly lower (10–12 times) near active than historic leks, and numbers of males counted at leks increased significantly (3.2–3.4 times) as modeled disturbance decreased. Our findings indicate that as a general class, geospatial models can depict effects of anthropogenic disturbance on both plant communities and individual animal species. Empirical validation of disturbance models focused on other species or regions is recommended to further evaluate the utility and reliability of these methods.
Recovery and resilience of urban stream metabolism following Superstorm Sandy and other floods
Authors: Reisinger Alexander J. , Rosi Emma J. , Bechtold Heather A. , Doody Thomas R. , Kaushal Sujay S. , Groffman Peter M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUrban streams are exposed to multiple different stressors on a regular basis, with increased hydrological flashiness representing a common urban stream stressor. Stream metabolism, the coupled ecosystem functions of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), controls numerous other ecosystem functions and integrates multiple processes occurring within streams. We examined the effect of one large (Superstorm Sandy) and multiple small and moderately sized flood events in Baltimore, Maryland, to quantify the response and recovery of urban stream GPP and ER before and after floods of different magnitudes. We also compared GPP and ER before and after Superstorm Sandy to literature values. We found that both GPP and ER decreased dramatically immediately following floods of varying magnitudes, but on average GPP was more reduced than ER (80% and 66% average reduction in GPP and ER, respectively). Both GPP and ER recovered rapidly following floods within 4–18 d, and recovery intervals did not differ significantly between GPP and ER. During the two‐week recovery following Superstorm Sandy, two urban streams exhibited a range of metabolic activity equivalent to ~15% of the entire range of GPP and ER reported in a recent meta‐analysis of stream metabolism. Urban streams exhibit a substantial proportion of the natural variation in metabolism found across stream ecosystems over relatively short time scales. Not only does urbanization cause increased hydrological flashiness, it appears that metabolic activity in urban streams may be less resistant, but also more resilient to floods than in other streams draining undeveloped watersheds, which have been more studied. Our results show that antecedent conditions must be accounted for when drawing conclusions about stream metabolism measurements, and the rapid recovery and resilience of urban streams should be considered in watershed management and stream restoration strategies targeting ecosystem functions and services.
Tracking modal parameters from building seismic response data using recursive subspace identification algorithm
Authors: Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Chen Jun‐Da 
Published: April 2017

SummaryTracking modal parameters and estimating the current structural state of a building from seismic response measurements, particularly during strong earthquake excitations, can provide useful information for building safety assessment and the adaptive control of a structure. Therefore, online or recursive identification techniques need to be developed and implemented for building seismic response monitoring. This paper develops and examines different methods to track modal parameters from building seismic response data. The methods include recursive data‐driven subspace identification (RSI‐DATA) using Givens rotation algorithm, and RSI‐DATA using Bona fide algorithm. The question on how well the results of RSI‐DATA reflect the real condition is investigated and verified with a bilinear SDOF simulation study. Time‐varying modal parameters of a four‐story reinforced concrete school building are identified based on a series of earthquake excitations, including several seismic events, large and small. Discussions on the different methods' ability to track the time‐varying modal parameters are presented. The variation of the identified building modal frequencies and damping ratios from a series of event‐by‐event seismic responses, particularly before and after retrofitting of the building is also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 5‐equation, transient, hyperbolic, 1‐dimensional model for slug capturing in pipes
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Bonzanini Arianna , Poesio Pietro 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA novel numerical scheme for slug capturing in pipes using a 1‐dimensional transient hyperbolic 5‐equation 2‐fluid model is presented. Previous work has shown that 1‐dimensional 2‐fluid models are able to capture slug flow automatically. In this work, a similar approach is further developed using a new numerical scheme, applied to a hyperbolic 5‐equation 2‐fluid model. Starting from a finite volume discretisation of a 5‐equation 2‐fluid hyperbolic model and adding appropriate closure relations, a second‐order code is implemented and applied to air‐water flows in horizontal pipes, simulating the 2‐phase to 1‐phase flow process. The code is evaluated in some common standard test cases. A slug capturing application is also discussed. We show, in an air/water horizontal pipe, slug initiation, growth, and development. Moreover, a grid refinement analysis is performed showing that the method is grid independent and we show the code capability to take into account eventual surface tension effects, through the instantaneous pressure relaxation process. Finally, a prediction of flow regime transitions is shown and compared with a well‐known theoretical flow pattern map in addition to a preliminary comparison of computed slug characteristics against well‐known empirical correlations.
Performance‐based financing in the heath sector in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Is there anything whereof it may be said, see, this is new?
Authors: Paul Elisabeth , Renmans Dimitri 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWhereas performance‐based financing (PBF) is now developing fast in the health sector in low‐ and middle‐income countries and is presented an innovative approach—concomitantly, subject to a separate research stream—it shares many features of the “managing for results” (MfR) and performance‐based budgeting (PBB) currents that have existed for decades. In this paper, we first argue that PBF as currently developed in the health sector in low‐ and middle‐income countries shares many features and thus can be viewed as an avatar of MfR and more precisely PBB. Secondly, we draw lessons from the literature on MfR and PBB so as to (1) better apprehend PBF conceptually and (2) avoid pitfalls and better design PBF schemes in practice. We argue that the lessons from the theoretical and empirical literature on MfR and PBB offer interesting insights to feed into a “theory of change” of PBF, enabling to analyse critical aspects and better design PBF schemes. Moreover, it is hoped that just like MfR processes have been demonstrated as having the potential to boost individual performance not only through links with financial incentives but also through acting on other sources of motivation, one can demonstrate more accurately by which mechanisms the various elements of the PBF package can help improve health sector results.
Effects of different loads on structure deformation of “L”‐type large‐diameter buried pipe network based on flow–heat–solid coupling
Authors: Xu Qian , Feng Jun‐Xiao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge‐diameter buried pipelines are widely used because of their energy‐saving advantages and high efficiency. In this paper, an “L”‐type heat pipe network was taken as the research object and was studied using the flow–heat–solid coupling method. The ANSYS Workbench platform was used to simulate heat transfer and the flow of the medium in the pipe network. The pressure and temperature of the flow field and the temperature and deformation of the solid structure under different conditions were calculated. Additionally, the deformation characteristics of the pipe network under coupled and noncoupled loads were compared. Results show that the maximum deformation was located at the corner of the elbow near the long‐arm region. The deformation of the inner wall was larger than that of the outer wall at the same position. The deformation of the pipe network was mainly affected by the pressure of the fluid. The deformation of the pipe network was influenced by the temperature and pressure loads coupled, and the coupling effect was stronger with the higher pressure and temperature of the medium. However, the coupling effect had limits.
VERIFICATION & VALIDATION; AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH
Authors: Elich Erik , Schreinemakers Paul , Vullings Maarten 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses several inconveniences regarding the proper use of verification and validation. We address the inconvenient truth by discussing reality in projects and domains, versus the widely accepted definition of verification and validation, versus the way we think both projects and developments should be managed and versus the aim to achieve transparency in the relationship between principals and contractors.
Biosensors for the Detection of Environmental and Urban Pollutions
Authors: Hashemi Goradel Nasser , Mirzaei Hamed , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Poursadeghiyan Mohsen , Masoudifar Aria , Malekshahi Ziba Veisi , Negahdari Babak 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTRelease of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals to the environment is a global concern. Rapid and reproducible detection of these pollutants is thus necessary. Biosensors are the sensitive and high specific tools for detection of environmental pollutants. Broad range various types of biosensors have been fabricated for this purpose. This review focuses on the feature and application of biosensors developed for environmental and urban pollutants detection. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 207–212, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro T lymphocyte proliferation by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester method is helpful in diagnosing and managing primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Azarsiz Elif , Karaca Neslihan , Ergun Birgul , Durmuscan Mehmet , Kutukculer Necil , Aksu Guzide 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundFunctional studies besides routine laboratory tests for the definitive diagnosis of T lymphocyte disorders with isolated T or combined T/B‐cell immunodeficiencies are important. We hereby summarized our experience with a carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐based assay for the assessment of mitogenic T‐cell proliferation responses in primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients who have not been diagnosed yet or genetically analyzed, but classified as probably having T‐cell defects.MethodsUnclassified patients (n=46) and controls (n=25) were evaluated for T‐cell disorders with CFSE‐based assay.ResultsCD3+ blast cells after PHA‐L stimulation were significantly lower in patients (31.1±28.8) than controls (67.9±8.79; P<.001). Nine patients with low and four patients with normal CD3 values had severely decreased blastic transformation. The proliferation response decreased mostly in combined immunodeficiency group. Sixteen of them had impaired proliferation responses. Appropriate molecular genetical analyses were planned after thorough evaluation of each patient.ConclusionsIn vitro lymphocyte cell proliferation analysis by CFSE method is a reliable and practical choice for the assessment of mitogenic T lymphocyte responses in yet unclassified PID patients for targeting further genetical analyses.
Different free prostate‐specific antigen to total prostate‐specific antigen ratios using three detecting systems
Authors: Huang Hui‐Qing , Zhang Yan , Xu Hua‐Guo 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is used as an indicative marker of a pathologic condition of the prostate, and the ratio of free PSA (fPSA) to total PSA (tPSA) helps to distinguish benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we present some reversed ratios of fPSA to tPSA and analyze the possible mechanism.MethodsUsing the UniCel DxI800 Access Immunoassay System, eight reversed fPSA to tPSA ratios were obtained, and then these samples were retested with an Abbott Architect i2000 Immunoassay Analyser and Cobas e602.ResultsFour of the eight reversed ratios kept a ratio >1 using Abbott Architect i2000, and seven of them turned into a ratio <1 using Cobas e602.ConclusionIn consideration of the assay these three detecting systems apply, the possible reason of the reversed ratios can be heterophile antibodies. To get accurate reason, further study is required.
Arterial spin labeling MRI is able to detect early hemodynamic changes in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Mora‐Gutiérrez José María , Garcia‐Fernandez Nuria , Slon Roblero M. Fernanda , Páramo Jose A. , Escalada F. Javier , Wang Danny JJ. , Benito Alberto , Fernández‐Seara María A. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo investigate whether arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI could detect renal hemodynamic impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) along different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsThree Tesla (3T) ASL‐MRI was performed to evaluate renal blood flow (RBF) in 91 subjects (46 healthy volunteers and 45 type 2 diabetic patients). Patients were classified according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as group I (eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), group II (60 ≥ eGFR>30 mL/min/1.73 m2), or group III (eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), to determine differences depending on renal function. Studies were performed at 3T using a 12‐channel flexible body array combined with the spine array coil as receiver.ResultsA 28% reduction in cortical RBF was seen in diabetics in comparison with healthy controls (185.79 [54.60] versus 258.83 [37.96] mL/min/100 g, P < 3 × 10−6). Differences were also seen between controls and diabetic patients despite normal eGFR and absence of overt albuminuria (RBF [mL/min/100 g]: controls=258.83 [37.96], group I=208.89 [58.83], P = 0.0018; eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m2]: controls = 95.50 [12.60], group I = 82.00 [20.76], P > 0.05; albumin‐creatinine ratio [mg/g]: controls = 3.50 [4.45], group I = 17.50 [21.20], P > 0.05). A marked decrease in RBF was noted a long with progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through the five stages of CKD (χ2 = 43.58; P = 1.85 × 10−9). Strong correlation (r = 0.62; P = 4 × 10−10) was obtained between RBF and GFR estimated by cystatin C.ConclusionASL‐MRI is able to quantify early renal perfusion impairment in DM, as well as changes according to different CKD stages of DN. In addition, we demonstrated a correlation of RBF quantified by ASL and GFR estimated by cystatin C.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1810–1817.
Analysing the variability and trends of precipitation extremes in Finland and their connection to atmospheric circulation patterns
Authors: Irannezhad Masoud , Chen Deliang , Kløve Bjørn , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTen precipitation indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices were used to analyse spatial distribution and temporal changes in annual amount, intensity, frequency and duration of precipitation statistics based on daily data with a focus on extremes in Finland during 1961–2011. Also, the connections between these high resolution (10 km) precipitation indices and six influential atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) for climate variability in Finland were studied. On the country scale, the results suggest significant increases in the amount and intensity of precipitation extremes, more precipitation days, and no clear changes in wet and dry spells. Both intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes over Finland decrease from south and southwest to north. The only exception is the distribution of precipitations days which is generally more frequent over eastern and upper areas of northern Finland. Wet (dry) spells were typically longer in the western (eastern) part of Finland. Significant increases in annual total wet‐day precipitation, very wet days precipitation and simple daily intensity index were found over most parts of Finland during 1961–2011. Increasing trends in both extremely wet days and maximum 1‐day precipitation were mostly observed in western, eastern, central and northern Finland. Such spatial pattern was also identified for significant increases in the frequency of heavy and very heavy precipitation days. The precipitation days increased over small parts of western, eastern and northern Finland. Wet spells showed lengthening trends in several grids over southwestern Finland, while dry spells lengthened in some areas over the entire country except southern parts. These variations in precipitation statistics were found to be significantly correlated with the East Atlantic/West Russia, East Atlantic, Scandinavia and Polar patterns.
Impact of mass human migration during Chinese New Year on Beijing urban heat island
Authors: Dou Jingjing , Miao Shiguang 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe Chinese New Year (CNY, also called Spring Festival), which officially lasts for 7 days, is the most important festival in China. Chinese people in large cities usually return to their hometowns for family reunions before the CNY holiday and return afterward. Nearly half of Beijing's population has been reported to leave the city for family reunions before the CNY holidays in the past several years. Hourly automatic weather station data during CNY 2010–2015 were used to analyze the changes in temporal and spatial distribution of Beijing urban heat island intensity (UHII) and the impact of mass human migration on urban temperature. Soil moisture, 10‐m wind speed, and cloud cover were considered and indicated nearly no change during the pre‐CNY period (2–4 weeks before CNY) and CNY week, which means that UHII variation was mainly affected by the mass human migration. Daily UHII during CNY week was lower than during pre‐CNY period. UHII for daily maximum temperature decreased by 55% during CNY week than the pre‐CNY period (0.6 °C during pre‐CNY period versus 0.27 °C during CNY week) due to mass human migration, which was much larger than the relative reduction in UHII for the daily minimum temperature (5%, 4.34 °C during the pre‐CNY period versus 4.11 °C during the CNY week). The spatial distribution of the UHII difference between CNY week and the pre‐CNY period is closely related to the locations of functional population zones. UHII for daily maximum temperature decreases most (80%, 0.40 °C during the pre‐CNY period versus 0.08 °C during the CNY period) between the Third and Fourth Ring Roads (RRs), an area which experiences high frequency human activities and has high floating population percentage. This study can provide suggestions for optimizing the layout of urban space and land‐use structures.
The origin of aliphatic hydrocarbons in olive oil
Authors: Pineda Manuel , Rojas María , Gálvez‐Valdivieso Gregorio , Aguilar Miguel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are many substances that can interfere with olive oil quality. Some of them are well characterized, but many others have an unknown origin. Saturated hydrocarbons make an extraordinary complex family of numerous molecules, some of them present naturally in vegetable oils. When major natural saturated hydrocarbons are analyzed by standard chromatographic methods, this complex mixture of saturated hydrocarbons appears as a hump in the chromatogram and is commonly named as unresolved complex mixture (UCM), whose origin remains unknown.RESULTSIn this work we studied the occurrence and the origin of aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons in olive oil. Hydrocarbons were analyzed in olive oil and along the industrial process of oil extraction. We also analyzed n‐alkanes and the UCM fraction of hydrocarbons in leaf, fruit and oil from different varieties and different locations, and we also analyzed the soils at these locations.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that the hydrocarbons present in olive oil do not necessarily have their origin in a contamination during olive oil elaboration; they seem to have a natural origin, as a result of olive tree metabolism and/or as the result of an intake and accumulation by the olive tree directly from the environment during its entire life cycle. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry