bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of humoral immunity by the type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIb is dependent upon IL-6 and neutrophils
Authors: Greene Christopher J , Hu John C , Vance David J , Rong Yinghui , Mandell Lorrie , King-Lyons Natalie , Masso-Welch Patricia , Mantis Nicholas J , Connell Terry D 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
LT-IIb, a type II heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli, is a potent intradermal adjuvant that enhances immune responses to coadministered antigens. Although the immune mechanisms that promote this augmented immune response have not been well defined, prior intradermal immunization experiments suggested that early cellular and immunomodulatory events at the site of immunization modulated the augmentation of antigen-specific immune responses by LT-IIb. To investigate that hypothesis, mice were intradermally immunized with a recombinant ricin vaccine, a prospective toxin subunit antigen, in the presence and absence of LT-IIb. Analysis of tissue-fluid collection, coupled with histologic sections from the site of intradermal immunization, revealed that a single dose of LT-IIb induced local production of interleukin 6 and promoted a regional infiltration of neutrophils. The adjuvant effects of LT-IIb were abrogated in interleukin 6–deficient mice and when mice were depleted of neutrophils by pretreatment with anti-Ly6G. Overall, these data firmly demonstrated that LT-IIb, when used as an intradermal adjuvant, recruits neutrophils and is a potent rapid inducer of interleukin 6.
Wild and Scenic Wasteland: Conservation Politics in the Nuclear Wilderness
Authors: Cram Shannon 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Nuclear weapons production has created a unique geography of irradiated open space in the United States. In recent years, many of these landscapes have been re-classified as national wildlife refuges in an attempt to transform the nation's atomic sacrifice zones into spaces of environmental salvation. However, these areas are also home to contaminated biota that migrate beyond refuge boundaries, inspiring biological vector control campaigns that frame nuclear nature as a threat that must be contained. How can these environments simultaneously embody ruin and redemption, and what work does this constitutive contradiction do? In this article, I explore the slippery subjectivities of nuclear waste and nature at Washington State's Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Beginning with the Hanford Reach National Monument, I examine how this space is framed as both pristine habitat and waste frontier. Next, I consider how Hanford's biological vector control program addresses the spread of radioactive flora and fauna. Looking specifically at one of the site's most notorious offenders (the fruit fly), I discuss how vector control uses instances of nuclear trespass to articulate the boundary between contaminated and uncontaminated. Finally, by examining the dual production of nature as both untouched wilderness and biological vector, I consider how this slippage between pure and polluted has been employed in the service of nuclear industry. I argue that in its doubling, nature is being recruited to do what the U.S. Department of Energy cannot: to solve Hanford's nuclear waste problem.
Decentralized Production and Affective Economies: Theorizing the Ecological Implications of Localism
Authors: Greear Jake P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper I examine the contemporary trend toward de-industrialized and decentralized production with a view to its implications for ecological sustainability. Specifically, I suggest we can understand the potential positive ecological implications of such trends by reconceptualizing “incomplete information” in markets, which is often understood as a key way in which markets fail to solve or forestall environmental problems. One promising aspect of decentralized production is its ability to facilitate greater flows of “information” in the market, as consumers bring themselves into closer proximity to production processes. However, posing the problem and the promise of different regimes of production in terms of information assumes fixed preferences and desires on the part of individual consumers and producers, and it ascribes to the non-human components of the production process only the potential to meet preexisting human desires. I argue for expanding the logic of “information problems” to consider how affects as well as information flow alongside materialities in cycles of production and consumption. Rather than seeing consumer “preferences” as desires inherent in individuals, I claim we should understand affects—including different modes of acquisitiveness as well as ecological and social sensibilities—as the emergent properties of specific assemblages of humans and non-humans that comprise and perform processes of production, distribution, and consumption. To help explicate this claim I first explore the ecological implications of the local food movement, and a specific attempt to capitalize on emerging technologies to decentralize production: Marcin Jakubowski's Open Source Ecology project.
Bad Flowers: The Implications of a Phytocentric Deconstruction of the Western Philosophical Tradition for the Environmental Humanities
Authors: Hamilton Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This is an experimental review essay responding to Michael Marder's Plant-Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013). The essay departs from the ordinary structure of comparing three books on a similar theme. Instead three of Marder's concepts, plant “nourishment,” “desire” and “language” are explored through readings of Gabrielle de Vietri's installation The Garden of Bad Flowers (2014), the story of Daphne from Ovid's Metamorphoses (8 CE) and Alice's encounter with talking flowers in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871). In some ways this essay is like a work of applied theory whereby philosophical concepts are used to advance interpretations of works of art and literature. But, at the same time and in contrast, the works of art and literature brought into dialogue with Marder help to interpret and mobilise the philosopher's concepts. Ultimately, this essay articulates how Marder's strikingly negative critical project is both lively and useful for the Environmental Humanities, especially the fields of ecocriticism and critical plant studies. Moreover, in contrast to many book reviews that begin with summaries of the text and end with suggestions as to where the author might go next, this essay follows that formula for the opening paragraphs, but then suggests where we as readers might go with some key concepts instead.
Actinomycotic brain abscess
Authors: Rahiminejad Maryam , Hasegawa Harutomo , Papadopoulos Marios , MacKinnon Andrew 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Actinomycosis is caused by Gram-positive filamentous anaerobic organisms of genus Actinomyces, which are commensals of mucosal membranes of the oropharyngeal cavity, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Central nervous system involvement is rare and may present as cerebral abscess, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, subdural empyema or epidural abscess. The radiological appearances of actinomycotic brain abscesses are not well recognized. Here, we present the characteristic imaging features of an actinomycotic brain abscess.
Agility and Proximity Considerations in Supply Chain Design
Authors: Lim Michael K. , Mak Ho-Yin , Shen Zuo-Jun Max 
Published: April 2016

Strategic supply chain design decisions are critical to the long-term success of a business. Traditional facility location models for supply chain design focus on the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of proximity, i.e., the distance between facilities and customers. These strategic-focused models do not consider the supply chain’s agility, i.e., its ability to quickly respond to unexpected fluctuations in customer needs. In this paper, we study the problem of designing a supply chain distribution network under demand uncertainty and analyze how the optimal design characteristics of proximity and agility depend on various input parameters. We are able to draw managerial insights on how agility considerations may invalidate well-established and widely accepted qualitative results derived from traditional models. In particular, we show that it is optimal to increase the density of distribution centers (DCs) when the shortage penalty cost increases, and to decrease the density of DCs when a certain unit transportation cost parameter increases. Through these findings, our work conveys the message that traditional, proximity-based facility location models can be inadequate for designing modern responsive supply chains, and calls for the need to develop a new class of models for the task. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
The Republic and the Church – Isidro Gomá: From Bishop of Tarazona to Primate of Spain
Authors: Llorens Roberto Ceamanos 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Spanish historiography has dealt almost exclusively with the figure of Isidro Gomá as the Primate of the Church in Spain, an office in which he supported and legitimized for the benefit of the Catholic world the rebellion of 18 July 1936 that triggered the Civil War. However, little is known of Gomá’s activity prior to attaining such an elevated post. This article examines, through the study of primary sources, his work as Bishop of the small diocese of Tarazona and Tudela, where he believed that his vehement opposition to secular reforms would make him an example to follow among the extremist anti-republican sectors of the Church and would turn him into the ideal candidate for the position of Primate of Spain at the Holy See.
Barcelona and the Tragic Week of 1909: A crazed mob or citizens in revolt?
Authors: Pons-Altés Josep M. , López-Morell Miguel A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Tragic Week of 1909 was one of the most disruptive events in contemporary Spanish history. This article seeks to reconsider the nature of the events based on the previously unseen personal archive of the then interior minister Juan de la Cierva. Evidence indicates that the chaotic, anticlerical, anti-military nature of the events should not be exaggerated, since there were many different motives. It also suggests that we should look beyond Barcelona. The uprising actually affected dozens of Catalan municipalities, it was to a certain extent coordinated, included very few anticlerical attacks outside the city of Barcelona (and even within the city they were not the only expression of revolt), and featured no anti-military discourse. A fundamental feature of the Tragic Week, of which the authorities were fully aware, is that it was also a revolutionary, republican uprising.
Memory, modernity and generational recognition in Juan Copete’s Soliloquio De Grillos
Authors: Diz Jorge Avilés 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The enormous amount of documentaries and novels published in Spain during recent decades about the Spanish Civil War and the repression during the Franco Regime show a clear interest in the study of the Historical Memory and how the aftermath of this conflict is not only still alive, but continues to define Spain today. Contemporary Spanish theatre has not exempted itself from this ongoing dialogue and recuperation of Spain’s national past, although it has not garnered as much critical and popular attention as novels or films. This article is a contribution to the current attempts to fill this gap, analysing one of the first dramas dedicated to Historical Memory in Spain: Soliloquio de Grillos (2003). Written by the Extremaduran playwright Juan Copete, the text also foreshadows in its structure and subjects other pieces that years later would have a very important place in the development of the theatre of Memory, such as Laila Ripoll’s Los niños perdidos (2005) and Gracia Morales’s NN12 (2010).
Lesley Sharp and the alternative geographies of Northern English Stardom
Authors: Forrest David , Johnson Beth 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Historically, ‘North’ (of England) is a byword for narratives of economic depression, post-industrialism and bleak and claustrophobic representations of space and landscape. These impulses often manifest themselves in aesthetic or structural frameworks, which in turn speak to gendered authorial discourses in film, literature and television: the so-called ‘angry young man’ tradition, for example, and the British New Wave. This article seeks to destabilize this male construction of Northern English visual and narrative iconography by suggesting that female stardom offers an alternative means of encountering regional television drama. Female Northern performers function intertextually across multiple narratives to assert specific thematic qualities that both pertain to a radical regionality and enable a sense of agency, which disrupts hitherto dominant constructions of regional and gendered space. Analysing the work of Lesley Sharp as a case study, this article suggests that Sharp, a British actress who has almost always performed in Northern dramas, valorizes and occupies a powerful feminine and feminist space. Disrupting the authority of Northern masculinity, Sharp’s many performances as a range of complex female characters have, we argue, mobilized a shift in the location of a spatial identity and authority away from the realm of the masculine. Alongside other powerful Northern female performers, Sharp provides an alternative cartography that articulates the Northern landscape afresh and as such provides a more honest and inclusive view of the bodies through which it is performed.
‘No-nonsense-two-up-two-down-by-gum-you-daft-ha’poth-Northerness’: Jane Horrocks, Gracie Fields and performing generic Northernness
Authors: Andrews Hannah 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
When Jane Horrocks starred as Gracie Fields in the BBC Four single drama Gracie! (2009), most reviewers agreed that this casting was almost too perfect. They were thinking of the geographical connection between the two women – Horrocks grew up in Rawtenstall, Lancashire, only a few miles from Fields’s famed home town of Rochdale. Like Fields, Horrocks’s star image has been built around the ambivalent performance and exploitation of a Lancashire identity. From Bubble in Absolutely Fabulous (1992–2012), to a middle-class mother turned political candidate in The Amazing Mrs Pritchard (2006) or deputy supermarket manager in Trollied (2011–) Horrocks’ strong regional accent has rendered her a recognizable presence on British television for two decades. Her persona is of down-to-earth, no-nonsense, seemingly authentic Northernness. This article analyses Horrocks’ performance of Gracie Fields in relation to the rest of her career. It compares common themes of Lancashire identity associated with these stars of different eras, with particular attention to the changing sociocultural milieu in which workingclass Northern characters are found in their work – the mill/factory in the 1930s and the supermarket in the twenty-first century. It also considers the critical reception of Gracie! and the critical tendency to conflate actor with character. It explores how the embodied performance of known biographical personalities works in tension with the performance of generic ‘Northernness’.
Sharper, better, faster, stronger: Performing Northern masculinity and the legacy of Sean Bean’s Sharpe
Authors: Harris Siân 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article examines the career of Sheffield-born actor Sean Bean through an analysis of his starring role in the ITV historical drama Sharpe (1993–2008). I chart the ways in which the adaptation capitalizes on Bean’s public identity as a Northern English, working-class actor, as well as providing a specific emphasis on regionality through a focus on how the characterization speaks to a popular understanding of Yorkshire, and a consideration of how Bean’s subsequent roles have engaged with Sharpe’s legacy. I posit that this performance catalyses Bean’s star persona, and offers a revealing insight into the preconceptions about Northern English identity and culture on-screen.
Bank Credit and the “Creation” of Deposits
Authors: Schumpeter J. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt is much more realistic to say that the banks “create credit,” that is, that they create deposits in their act of lending, than to say that they lend the deposits that have been entrusted to them. And the reason for insisting on this is that depositors should not be invested with the insignia of a role which they do not play. The theory to which economists clung so tenaciously makes them out to be savers when they neither save nor intend to do so; it attributes to them an influence on the “supply of credit” which they do not have. The theory of “credit creation” not only recognizes patent facts without obscuring them by artificial constructions; it also brings out the peculiar mechanism of saving and investment that is characteristic of full-fledged capitalist society and the true role of banks in capitalist evolution. With less qualification than has to be added in most cases, this theory therefore constitutes definite advance in analysis.
Cross-disciplinary engineering with AutomationML and SysML
Authors: Berardinelli Luca , Biffl Stefan , Lüder Arndt , Mätzler Emanuel , Mayerhofer Tanja , Wimmer Manuel , Wolny Sabine 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
AutomationML (AML) is an emerging standard in the automation domain to represent and exchange artifacts between heterogeneous
engineering tools used in different disciplines, such as mechanical and electrical engineering. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML)
is a modeling standard influenced by software modeling languages, such as UML, typically adopted in the early phases of engineering
processes. This paper investigates commonalities and differences of the structural modeling parts of AML (CAEX) and SysML (block
diagrams) in support of establishing tool-independent interoperability. This support for cross-disciplinary modeling is facilitated by
a bridge between AML and SysML built on model-driven interoperability techniques. We demonstrate the interoperability between AML and
SysML with a case study concerning a lab-sized production system.
A Simple Permittivity Calibration Method for GPR-Based Road Pavement Measurements
Authors: Eskelinen Pekka 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCylindrical resonator principle can be used in GPR asphalt quality measurement calibration. This method relies on ordinary drill core samples that are regularly taken from measured road sections, but now only analyzed for dimensions, density and sometimes chemically. If such a drill sample is covered with proper conductive surfaces, a cylindrical cavity resonator is formed. The baseline of the GPR permittivity recordings can so be found by measuring the resonance behaviour of this covered sample, which can later still be used for those traditional analyses. A clear benefit is the resonator’s 1–2 GHz frequency range which equals that of common commercial GPR systems. Example results and reference readings from known dielectric material are shown. The obtained uncertainty in this case study is 0.02 units of permittivity, when measuring the same sample repeatedly.
Memory-saving computation of the pairing final exponentiation on BN curves
Authors: Duquesne Sylvain , Ghammam Loubna 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTate pairing computation is made of two steps. The first one, the Miller loop, is an exponentiation in the group of points of an elliptic curve. The second one, the final exponentiation, is an exponentiation in the multiplicative group of a large finite field extension. In this paper, we describe and improve efficient methods for computing the hardest part of this second step for the most popular curves in pairing-based cryptography, namely Barreto–Naehrig curves. We present the methods given in the literature and their complexities. However, the necessary memory resources are not always given whereas it is an important constraint in restricted environments for practical implementations. Therefore, we determine the memory resources required by these known methods and we present new variants which require less memory resources (up to 37 %). Moreover, some of these new variants are providing algorithms which are also more efficient than the original ones.
Pretreatment of arsenic-bearing gold ore with microwave-assisted alkaline leaching
Authors: Ma Hongzhou , Yan Chao , Wang Yaoning 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing gold ore through air oxidation and sodium hydroxide leaching with microwave irradiation was studied. Firstly, single-factor experiments were carried out. The results indicated that the removal rate of arsenic was influenced by the sodium hydroxide concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, microwave power, and reaction time. Then, orthogonal experiments were done to determine the main influencing factors. The results obtained from the experiments of orthogonal arrays showed that reaction time and microwave power were the important influencing factors, and the optimum conditions of sodium hydroxide concentration, reaction time, microwave power, and ratio of liquid to solid were 18 wt.%, 60 min, 700 W, and 5, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of arsenic could reach approximately 81.46 wt.% and, at the same conditions, the sulfur removal rate was about 55.56 wt.%. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that AsS and FeAsS were decomposed during the leaching process, while FeS2 was not.
Regioselective alkylation of 1,2,4-triazole using ionic liquids under microwave conditions
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Bhupinder , Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Kumar Vinod 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
1-Substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives present in a large number of compounds and display a variety of bioactivities such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antipsychotic, and anticancer. A regioselective protocol has been developed for the alkylation of 1,2,4- triazole using mild conditions. The 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized under microwave conditions using potassium carbonate as a base and ionic liquid (hexylpyridinium bromide) as a solvent. The products were obtained in excellent yield, and the base-ionic liquid combination was recycled for a number of times.
Aqueous-phase oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Pt/ZrO2 catalysts: exploiting the alkalinity of the reaction medium and catalyst basicity
Authors: da Silva Erica Daniele , Gonzalez Wilma A. , Fraga Marco A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The basicity required for the aqueous-phase selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is explored through different approaches. Homogeneous hydroxides were tested along with a Pt/ZrO2 catalyst to establish a benchmark with widespread literature. Insoluble hydroxides were then taken to evaluate the behavior of dual metal/base heterogeneous catalytic systems. Finally, an attempt to bring such alkalinity to a bifunctional catalyst was investigated by using ZrO2-based solid solutions as supports. Mg, Ca, Y, and Ti were used as dopants. It was seen that a moderate alkali solution leads to 70% yield to FDCA. Equivalent yields are achieved by replacing homogeneous alkali by poorly soluble Mg(OH)2 in a heterogeneous system. Performing aqueous-phase oxidation under base-free conditions on ZrO2-doped supported catalysts indicated that the production of FDCA is associated with the reaction pH imposed by the bifunctional catalyst itself. Among the studied dopants, Mg-containing catalysts were the ones capable of promoting selective oxidation. However, it is shown that hosting Mg into the ZrO2 crystalline structure does not prevent leaching upon reaction in an aqueous medium.