bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the meanings of junk food
Authors: Danesi Marcel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractJunk food is an anomaly when it comes to historical traditions of cuisine. It emerges in the context of youth culture in America in the model part of the twentieth century but soon morphs into a type of food eaten by people of any age. This transformation of its meaning is part of a symptomatology inherent in consumerist cultures, whereby objects of any kind (including food) are produced quickly, cheaply, and faddishly, reflecting a discontinuity with historical traditions. The semiotic analysis of fast food corroborates Barthes’s critique of consumerism as a culture of commodification and it also points out the power of socioeconomic forces to transform historical meaning structures.
Structural systematics of aryl-1,3-dithiane derivatives: crystal and energy-minimised structures, and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Zukerman-Schpector Julio , Madureira Lucas Sousa , Stefani Hélio A. , Gozhina Olga , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The crystal structure analysis of three aryl-1,3-dithiane derivatives, with aryl=4-methylphenyl (1), 4-chlorophenyl (2) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl (3), shows the three molecules to have very similar conformations, with the aryl ring lying on an approximate mirror plane that bisects the dithiane ring which adopts a chair conformation; the energy-minimised structures are consistent with the experimental structures. The greater barrier to rotation about the methine-C–C(ipso) bond in 3, cf. 1 and 2, is related to unfavourable intramolecular S···Cl interactions in the putative transition state. The molecular packing in 1–3, while globally similar, are distinct, being based on combinations of identifiable C–H···π(arene), C–H···S and C–Cl···π(arene) interactions. The lack of isostructural relationships points to the significance of the identified intermolecular interactions to direct molecular packing.
Clinical and genetic characterization of congenital hyperinsulinism in Spain
Authors: Martínez R , Fernández-Ramos C , Vela A , Velayos T , Aguayo A , Urrutia I , Rica I , Castaño L , _ _ 
Published: May 2016

Context
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by severe hypoglycemia caused by inappropriate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells.

Objective
To characterize clinically and genetically CHI patients in Spain.

Design and methods
We included 50 patients with CHI from Spain. Clinical information was provided by the referring clinicians. Mutational analysis was carried out for KCNJ11, ABCC8, and GCK genes. The GLUD1, HNF4A, HNF1A, UCP2, and HADH genes were sequenced depending on the clinical phenotype.

Results
We identified the genetic etiology in 28 of the 50 CHI patients tested: 21 had a mutation in KATP channel genes (42%), three in GLUD1 (6%), and four in GCK (8%). Most mutations were found in ABCC8 (20/50). Half of these patients (10/20) were homozygous or compound heterozygous, with nine being unresponsive to diazoxide treatment. The other half had heterozygous mutations in ABCC8, six of them being unresponsive to diazoxide treatment and four being responsive to diazoxide treatment. We identified 22 different mutations in the KATP channel genes, of which ten were novel. Notably, patients with ABCC8 mutations were diagnosed earlier, with lower blood glucose levels and required higher doses of diazoxide than those without a genetic diagnosis.

Conclusions
Genetic analysis revealed mutations in 56% of the CHI patients. ABCC8 mutations are the most frequent cause of CHI in Spain. We found ten novel mutations in the KATP channel genes. The genetic diagnosis is more likely to be achieved in patients with onset within the first week of life and in those who fail to respond to diazoxide treatment.
SIMBOLOGIA DOS SONHOS E CULTURALIDADE
Authors: Dos Santos Messias Ivan 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar os símbolos das manifestações oníricas destacando seu caráter terapêutico e culturalista, pois cada comunidade tem chave própria para interpretar os sonhos, a partir dos códigos de sua herança cultural. Os sonhos fornecem suportes significativos para o equilíbrio e administração da vida. Para sustentar os argumentos sobre estados oníricos, são analisados conceitos relacionados à Multiculturalidade, e alguns conceitos como arquétipo e Inconsciente Coletivo da teoria de C. Jung – indicativos de que, embora os sonhos possuam aspectos universais, temas comuns a todas as culturas – são interpretados pelas particularidades do cotidiano do sonhador e da comunidade na qual está inserido. O presente artigo acrescenta aos estudos em Psicologia que as expressões oníricas nem sempre atuam conforme as disposições internas do corpo, nem conforme os arquétipos e símbolos, haja vista que são episódios ou instantes em movimento, com muitas possiblidades criativas. Tal perspectiva solicita novas metodologias terapêuticas e interpretativas, solicita uma abordagem mais culturalista na investigação sobre os exercícios oníricos. Para a realização deste estudo, foram investigados relatos, vídeos, enunciados de pessoas participantes da cultura religiosa católico-afro-indígena no Brasil. A partir de relatos e códigos da cultura religiosa brasileira, são analisados costumes específicos e práticas simbólicas da cultura brasileira no século XXI. A relação sexual, a alimentação e a conduta cotidiana, por exemplo, são elementos culturais ligados aos estados oníricos e são analisados a partir da teologia simbólica da cultura brasileira. O estudo conclui que as imagens ancestrais e inconscientes fornecem ao organismo humano respostas para conflitos e empecilhos na trajetória de vida. Daí há necessidade de gerar novas pesquisas, a fim de conhecer mais rigorosamente os estados oníricos.
Combined Intra-Articular and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nielsen Christian Skovgaard , Jans Øivind , Ørsnes Thue , Foss Nicolai Bang , Troelsen Anders , Husted Henrik 
Published: May 2016

Background:
In total knee arthroplasty, both intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) have been shown to reduce blood loss in several randomized controlled trials, although routine use of systemic TXA is considerably more common. However, to our knowledge, the additional benefit of IA administration of TXA when combined with IV administration, without the use of a tourniquet, has not been previously investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined IV and IA administration of TXA reduced total blood loss compared with IV-only administration of TXA.

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to one of two interventions. The TXA IV and IA group received combined administration of TXA consisting of 1 g administered intravenously preoperatively and 3 g diluted in 100 mL of saline solution administered intra-articularly after closure of the capsule. The TXA IV and placebo group received 1 g of TXA administered intravenously only and 100 mL of saline solution administered intra-articularly. IA TXA was administrated through a needle. The primary outcome was the 24-hour calculated blood loss. Secondary outcomes were blood loss on postoperative day 2, thromboembolic complications, and transfusion rate. Blood loss was calculated by hemoglobin differences using the Gross formula.

Results:
Data on the primary outcome were available for all 60 included patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the allocation groups. The mean 24-hour blood loss (and standard deviation) was 466 ± 313 mL in the TXA IV and IA group compared with 743 ± 358 mL in the TXA IV and placebo group; treatment effect (difference), 277 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 103 to 451 mL) (p = 0.002). Second-day blood loss was 644 ± 382 mL in the TXA IV and IA group compared with 1017 ± 519 mL in the TXA IV and placebo group; treatment effect, 373 mL (95% CI, 132 to 614 mL) (p = 0.003). No thromboembolic complications were observed within 90 days postoperatively.

Conclusions:
The combined administration of IV and IA TXA resulted in a clinically relevant reduction in blood loss of 37% compared with IV TXA alone both at 24 hours postoperatively and on postoperative day 2. No thromboembolic complications were observed.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A hobbyist looks at Zulu and Xhosa songs
Authors: Swartz J.F.A. 
Published: May 2016

My interest in Bantu songs was that of the singer. I wanted Bantu songs to sing and to teach others to sing. I have not developed the ethnologist's interest in Bantu songs. I have, in other words, not concerned myself with the folklore aspect of Bantu songs. It was development from the primitive to Bantu songs of today that intrigued me.

I have, for myself, made three very interesting discoveries.
The first is that the language of the Southern Bantu, particularly Xhosa which I have studied, is a wonderful language of song. I have come to regard it as second to none in this respect. I shall return to this point presently.

My second discovery was the range of Bantu songs from the point of view of development, or should I say, levels of development. My third discovery follows on because it concerns the host of Bantu song-writers in the Eastern Cape, particularly. I was amazed to find so many educated Xhosas and Zulus, trying their hand at song writing.
Society of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Rhodes Willard 
Published: May 2016

In December, 1952, at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Philadelphia, David P. McAllester, Alan P. Merriam, and the writer, met and decided to attempt to re-establish communication among scholars in the field of ethnomusicology. To this group was added Charles Seeger, at that time Director of Music and Art of the Pan-American Union, Washington, D.C. Seeger had been President of the American Society for Comparative Musicology before it became defunct
in the late 1930’s, and was able to supply a sense of continuity with the past while contributing valuable advice in the development of a program of action.
Inclure des ressources délaissées
Authors: Ranjatoelina Tantely Jérémy , Zaoual Anne-Ryslène 
Published: May 2016

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le courant de la théorie des ressources étendue et instruit empiriquement l’inclusion de ressources négativement perçues en l’appliquant au cas de ressources humaines. L’étude du cas Vitamine T, groupe emblématique de l’insertion par l’activité économique, met en lumière six ressources et compétences clés : une gouvernance hybride, des partenariats, un accompagnement social individuel, un institut de formation, un portefeuille d’activités diversifié et une compétence entrepreneuriale. Impliquant une capacité d’orchestration spécifique, l’inclusion de ressources humaines délaissées intervient à chaque niveau stratégique de l’organisation.
Flow stealing: A well-timed redirection attack
Authors: Kreitz Gunnar 
Published: May 2016

In this work, we present a Flow Stealing attack, where a victim's browser is redirected in the middle of a browsing session. We detail two attack scenarios. The first is redirecting the victim's browser as it moves from a store to a payment provider, and the second redirects the victim to a phishing page, when she navigates to one of a set of target sites. A key issue in flow stealing is correctly timing the redirect. The main way to accomplish this is to leverage a history detection attack to test whether the victim has visited a target. By repeatedly polling, an attacker learns when the victim navigates to a tested target page. With this application, we demonstrate that the impact of history detection is greater than previously known. Our primary history detection mechanism is a cache timing attack, measuring the time it takes to load an element to determine if it was served from the browser cache. This attack works with present browser versions. We also discuss CSS history detection, based on detecting the styling of visited links, which has been solved in most browsers. Lastly, we also consider a network-based attacker who can mount a man-in-the-middle attack on the victim's network traffic. We discuss several countermeasures against flow stealing. These include two new proposed policies on JavaScript window navigation which can be implemented by browser vendors. We also present mitigations which can be implemented by individual stores or payment providers.
Can Jannie verify? Usability of display-equipped RFID tags for security purposes
Authors: Kobsa Alfred , Nithyanand Rishab , Tsudik Gene , Uzun Ersin 
Published: May 2016

The recent emergence of RFID tags capable of performing public key operations enables a number of new applications in commerce (e.g., RFID-enabled credit cards) and security (e.g., ePassports and access-control badges). While the use of public key cryptography in RFID tags mitigates many difficult security issues, certain important usability-related issues remain, particularly when RFID tags are used for financial transactions or bearer identification. In this paper, we focus exclusively on techniques with user involvement for secure user-to-tag authentication, transaction verification, reader expiration and revocation checking, as well as pairing of RFID tags with other personal devices. Our approach is based on two factors: (1) recent advances in hardware and manufacturing have made it possible to mass-produce inexpensive passive display-equipped RFID tags, and (2) high-end RFID tags used in financial transactions or identification are attended by a human user (typically, their owner). Our techniques rely on user involvement coupled with on-tag displays to achieve better security and privacy. Since user acceptance is a crucial factor in this context, we conducted comprehensive user studies to assess usability of all considered methods. This paper reports on our findings.
DETECTION OF LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION FROM A TRIPLY IMAGED z = 6.85 GALAXY BEHIND MACS J2129.4−0741
Authors: Huang Kuang-Han , Lemaux Brian C. , Schmidt Kasper B. , Hoag Austin , Bradač Maruša , Treu Tommaso , Dijkstra Mark , Fontana Adriano , Henry Alaina , Malkan Matthew , Mason Charlotte , Morishita Takahiro , Pentericci Laura , Ryan Russell E. , Trenti Michele , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of Lyα emission at ∼9538 Å in the Keck/DEIMOS and Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 G102 grism data from a triply imaged galaxy at

z
=
6.846
±
0.001

behind galaxy cluster MACS J2129.4−0741. Combining the emission line wavelength with broadband photometry, line ratio upper limits, and lens modeling, we rule out the scenario that this emission line is [O ii] at z = 1.57. After accounting for magnification, we calculate the weighted average of the intrinsic Lyα luminosity to be

∼
1.3
×

10

42

erg

s

−
1

and Lyα equivalent width to be 74 ± 15 Å. Its intrinsic UV absolute magnitude at 1600 Å is −18.6 ± 0.2 mag and stellar mass

(
1.5
±
0.3
)
×

10

7

M

⊙

, making it one of the faintest (intrinsic

L

UV

∼
0.14

L

UV

*

) galaxies with Lyα detection at

z
∼
7

to date. Its stellar mass is in the typical range for the galaxies thought to dominate the reionization photon budget at

z
≳
7
;

the inferred Lyα escape fraction is high (

≳
10

%), which could be common for sub-L*

z
≳
7

galaxies with Lyα emission. This galaxy offers a glimpse of the galaxy population that is thought to drive reionization, and it shows that gravitational lensing is an important avenue for probing the sub-L* galaxy population.
The Association Between Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Level and Upper Leg Strength in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Results of the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis Cohort
Authors: Koeckhoven Esmee , van der Leeden Marike , Roorda Leo D. , van Schoor Natasja M. , Lips Paul , de Zwart Arjan , Dekker Joost , van der Esch Martin , Lems Willem F. 
Published: May 2016

Objective.Vitamin D deficiency, which is common among elderly people, has been linked to muscle weakness. In patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), the association between muscle strength and serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D [25(OH)D] level has not been studied comprehensively. The aim of our study was to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength in patients with knee OA.Methods.Data of the Amsterdam Osteoarthritis cohort from 319 participants with knee OA were used in a cross-sectional study. Serum 25(OH)D level (nmol/l) was measured by a competitive electrochemiluminescence method. Muscle strength (nm/kg) of the upper leg was measured isokinetically. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to calculate the association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength.Results.Serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with muscle strength (B = 0.036, 95% CI 0.017–0.054, p < 0.001), adjusted for season of blood collection. After adding body mass index (BMI) to the model, this association was no longer significant (B = 0.011, 95% CI −0.007 to 0.029, p = 0.214). Alcohol consumption, number of comorbidities, and sex were subsequently added and changed the model slightly. Without BMI, this model showed a significant association between serum 25(OH)D level and muscle strength (B = 0.029, 95% CI 0.014–0.043, p < 0.001).Conclusion.The observed association between a low serum 25(OH)D level and muscle weakness in patients with knee OA is attenuated by BMI. Further studies are needed to explain the associations among Vitamin D level, muscle strength, and adiposity in patients with knee OA.
Observation on Developmental Changes during the Sexual Reproductive Period of Sargassum thunbergii
Authors: Xu Ningning , Tan Haili 
Published: May 2016

The growth, development, and sexual reproduction of <em>Sargassum thunbergii</em>, which collected from Dongtou, Zhejiang Province were studied under controlled lab conditions, and its early developmental process were recorded. Results showed that: (1) The first appearance of receptacle on <em>S. thunbergii</em> in the present study was in the mid-May and became matured in about late of June, and the eggs and sperms were realeased from female and male receptacles respectively. The released eggs attached to the surface of female receptacles and were fertilized by sperms to form zygotes. A clearly correlationship between the length of receptacle and its maturing level was observed, which was helpful for the artificial breeding of <em>S. thunbergii</em>. Moreover, temperature and salinity had obviously effect on the growth of receptacles, and temperature seemed more essential as compared to the salinity. The optimal condition combination basing on the orthogonal analysis for the receptacle’s growth was 22 ℃ and salinity 30. (2)The fertilized eggs began its first cell division at 1 hour after fertilization and the continuous 2 times of divisions would result in a four-cell structure. Cellular division occured every 2~3 h thereafter and finally formed the multi-cell germling. The germlings would stick to the substrates for adherence, and their lengths increased steadily with some side heaves observed within 23 days. They grew well with a coarse surface and darkened color. Results in the present study inferred that the combination of germling breeding and sexual reproduction for the artificial cultivation of <em>S. thunbergii</em> was feasible.
Structure–function analysis for the hydroxylation of Δ4 C21‐steroids by the myxobacterial CYP260B1
Authors: Salamanca‐Pinzon Sandra Giovanna , Khatri Yogan , Carius Yvonne , Keller Lena , Müller Rolf , Lancaster C. Roy D. , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: May 2016

Myxobacterial CYP260B1 from Sorangium cellulosum was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The in vitro conversion of a small focused substrate library comprised of Δ4 C21‐steroids and steroidal drugs using surrogate bovine redox partners shows that CYP260B1 is a novel steroid hydroxylase. CYP260B1 performs the regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation of the glucocorticoid cortodoxone (RSS) to produce 6β‐OH‐RSS. The substrate‐free crystal structure of CYP260B1 (PDB 5HIW) was resolved. Docking of the tested ligands into the crystal structure suggested that the C17 hydroxy moiety and the presence of either a keto or a hydroxy group at C11 determine the selectivity of hydroxylation.
Voyager 2 solar plasma and magnetic field spectral analysis for intermediate data sparsity
Authors: Gallana Luca , Fraternale Federico , Iovieno Michele , Fosson Sophie M. , Magli Enrico , Opher Merav , Richardson John D. , Tordella Daniela 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Voyager probes are the furthest, still active, spacecraft ever launched from Earth. During their 38 year trip, they have collected data regarding solar wind properties (such as the plasma velocity and magnetic field intensity). Unfortunately, a complete time evolution of the measured physical quantities is not available. The time series contains many gaps which increase in frequency and duration at larger distances. The aim of this work is to perform a spectral and statistical analysis of the solar wind plasma velocity and magnetic field using Voyager 2 data measured in 1979, when the gap density is between the 30% and 50%. For these gap densities, we show the spectra of gapped signals inherit the characteristics of the data gaps. In particular, the algebraic decay of the intermediate frequency range is underestimated and discrete peaks result not from the underlaying data but from the gap sequence. This analysis is achieved using five different data treatment techniques coming from the multidisciplinary context: averages on linearly interpolated subsets, correlation without data interpolation, correlation of linearly interpolated data, maximum likelihood data reconstruction, and compressed sensing spectral estimation. With five frequency decades, the spectra we obtained have the largest frequency range ever computed at five astronomical units from the Sun; spectral exponents have been determined for all the components of the velocity and magnetic field fluctuations. Void analysis is also useful in recovering other spectral properties such as micro and integral scales.