bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode Locking Based on the Temporal Talbot Effect
Authors: Udem Thomas , Ozawa Akira 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We propose a new laser mode locking state in which the pulse disperses quickly and then revives after a certain time. This mechanism is based on the temporal Talbot effect and requires a large amount of intra-cavity group velocity dispersion. Similar to the usual mode locking it should be possible to employ the Kerr effect to force the laser into this mode, even when the cold cavity dispersion is not exactly matched. We show that the mode spectrum of such a laser is not equidistant but increases linearly with very high precision. This Talbot frequency comb can be self referenced. The beating with the adjacent modes uniquely defines the optical mode frequency, which means that the optical spectrum is directly mapped into the radio frequency domain. This is similar to the dual frequency comb technique, albeit without the limiting relative jitter between two combs.
Single-Slit Focusing and Its Representations
Authors: Gonçalves Manuel R. , Case William B. , Arie Ady , Schleich Wolfgang P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We illustrate the phenomenon of the focusing of a freely propagating rectangular wave packet using three different tools: (1) the time-dependent wave function in position space, (2) the Wigner phase-space approach, and (3) an experiment using laser light.
Ultracold Metastable Helium: Ramsey Fringes and Atom Interferometry
Authors: Vassen W. , Notermans R. P. M. J. W. , Rengelink R. J. , van der Beek R. F. H. J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report on interference studies in the internal and external degrees of freedom of metastable triplet helium atoms trapped near quantum degeneracy in a

$$ 1.5\kern0.166667em \upmu \mathrm{m} $$

1.5

μ
m

optical dipole trap. Applying a single

$$ \pi /2 $$

π
/
2

rf pulse we demonstrate that 50% of the atoms initially in the

$$ m=+1 $$

m
=
+
1

state can be transferred to the magnetic field insensitive

$$ m=0 $$

m
=
0

state. Two

$$ \pi /2 $$

π
/
2

pulses with varying time delay allow a Ramsey-type measurement of the Zeeman shift for a high precision measurement of the

$$ {2}^3{S}_1 $$

2

3

S
1

–

$$ {2}^1{S}_0 $$

2

1

S
0

transition frequency. We show that this method also allows strong suppression of mean-field effects on the measurement of the Zeeman shift, which is necessary to reach the accuracy goal of 0.1 kHz on the absolute transition frequencies. Theoretically the feasibility of using metastable triplet helium atoms in the

$$ m=0 $$

m
=
0

state for atom interferometry is studied demonstrating favorable conditions, compared to the alkali atoms that are used traditionally, for a non-QED determination of the fine structure constant.
Cavity Ring-Up Spectroscopy for Dissipative and Dispersive Sensing in a Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator
Authors: Yang Yong , Madugani Ramgopal , Kasumie Sho , Ward Jonathan M. , Nic Chormaic Síle 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In whispering gallery mode resonator sensing applications, the conventional way to detect a change in the parameter to be measured is by observing the steady-state transmission spectrum through the coupling waveguide. Alternatively, sensing based on cavity ring-up spectroscopy, i.e. CRUS, can be achieved transiently. In this work, we investigate CRUS using coupled mode equations and find analytical solutions with a large spectral broadening approximation of the input pulse. The relationships between the frequency detuning, coupling gap and ring-up peak height are determined and experimentally verified using an ultrahigh Q-factor silica microsphere. This work shows that distinctive dispersive and dissipative transient sensing can be realised by simply measuring the peak height of the CRUS signal, which may improve the data collection rate.
Precision Measurements and Test of Molecular Theory in Highly Excited Vibrational States of H2 (v11)
Authors: Trivikram T. Madhu , Niu M. L. , Wcisło P. , Ubachs W. , Salumbides E. J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Accurate

$$ E{F}^1{\varSigma}_g^{+}-{X}^1{\varSigma}_g^{+} $$

E

F
1

Σ
g
+

-

X
1

Σ
g
+

transition energies in molecular hydrogen were determined for transitions originating from levels with highly excited vibrational quantum number, v = 11, in the ground electronic state. Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy was applied on vibrationally excited

$$ {\mathrm{H}}_2^{\ast } $$

H
2
∗

, produced via the photodissociation of H2S, yielding transition frequencies with accuracies of 45 MHz or 0.0015 cm−1. An important improvement is the enhanced detection efficiency by resonant excitation to autoionizing

$$ 7 p\pi $$

7
p
π

electronic Rydberg states, resulting in narrow transitions due to reduced ac-Stark effects. Using known EF level energies, the level energies of X(v = 11, J = 1, 3–5) states are derived with accuracies of typically 0.002 cm−1. These experimental values are in excellent agreement with and are more accurate than the results obtained from the most advanced ab initio molecular theory calculations including relativistic and QED contributions.
Ranging with Frequency-Shifted Feedback Lasers: From μm-Range Accuracy to MHz-Range Measurement Rate
Authors: Kim J. I. , Ogurtsov V. V. , Bonnet G. , Yatsenko L. P. , Bergmann K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report results on ranging based on frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) lasers with two different implementations: (1) An Ytterbium-fiber system for measurements in an industrial environment with accuracy of the order of 1

$$ \upmu \mathrm{m} $$

μ
m

, achievable over a distance of the order of meters with potential to reach an accuracy of better than 100 nm; (2) A semiconductor laser system for a high rate of measurements with an accuracy of 2 mm @ 1 MHz or 75

$$ \upmu \mathrm{m} $$

μ
m

@ 1 kHz and a limit of the accuracy of

$$ \ge $$

≥

10

$$ \upmu \mathrm{m} $$

μ
m

. In both implementations, the distances information is derived from a frequency measurement. The method is therefore insensitive to detrimental influence of ambient light. For the Ytterbium-fiber system, a key feature is the injection of a single-frequency laser, phase modulated at variable frequency

$$ \varOmega $$

Ω

, into the FSF-laser cavity. The frequency

$$ {\varOmega}_{\mathrm{max}} $$

Ω
max

at which the detector signal is maximal yields the distance. The semiconductor FSF-laser system operates without external injection seeding. In this case, the key feature is frequency counting that allows convenient choice of either accuracy or speed of measurements simply by changing the duration of the interval during which the frequency is measured by counting.
Measuring and Imaging Nanomechanical Motion with Laser Light
Authors: Barg Andreas , Tsaturyan Yeghishe , Belhage Erik , Nielsen William H. P. , Møller Christoffer B. , Schliesser Albert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We discuss several techniques based on laser-driven interferometers and cavities to measure nanomechanical motion. With increasing complexity, they achieve sensitivities reaching from thermal displacement amplitudes, typically at the picometer scale, all the way to the quantum regime, in which radiation pressure induces motion correlated with the quantum fluctuations of the probing light. We show that an imaging modality is readily provided by scanning laser interferometry, reaching a sensitivity on the order of

$$ 10\kern0.166667em \mathrm{fm}/{\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2} $$

10

fm
/

Hz

1
/
2

, and a transverse resolution down to

$$ 2\kern0.166667em \upmu \mathrm{m} $$

2

μ
m

. We compare this approach with a less versatile, but faster (single-shot) dark-field imaging technique.
Globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso‐Gb3) as a biomarker for cardiac variant (N215S) Fabry disease
Authors: Alharbi Fahad J. , Baig Shanat , Auray‐Blais Christiane , Boutin Michel , Ward Douglas G. , Wheeldon Nigel , Steed Rick , Dawson Charlotte , Hughes Derralynn , Geberhiwot Tarekegn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is a multi‐systemic X‐linked lysosomal disorder caused by the deficient activity of α‐galactosidase‐A enzyme, which leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various body tissues. The N215S mutation is a known variant of FD, with a late onset cardiac phenotype. Consensus guidelines acknowledged the use of globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso‐Gb3) as a diagnostic marker for classical FD but its utility for cardiac variant FD is not clear. We aim to characterize the clinical features and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma and urinary Lyso‐Gb3 levels in N215S cardiac variant FD patients. Thirty‐four FD patients with the late‐onset N215S cardiac variant mutation were enrolled along with 62 classical FD patients and 109 healthy controls. Plasma and urinary Lyso‐Gb3 and its analogues were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Both FD males and females with N215S mutation showed Lyso‐Gb3 levels of (mean ± SEM) 9.7 ± 1.0 and 5.4 ± 0.8 nM, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than healthy control and lower than classical FD patients (p < 0.0001). Plasma Lyso‐Gb3 levels equal to or higher than 2.7 nM yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% (AUC = 1, p < 0.0001). Cardiac involvement was frequent with 16/34 (47%) developing left ventricular hypertrophy. Three patients who underwent renal biopsy had the characteristic sphingolipid deposition in the podocytes while 6/19 (32%) had evidence of white matter changes or infarct on brain MRI. Taken together, cardiac variant N215S mutation is rather an attenuated form of classical FD. Plasma Lyso‐Gb3 is a diagnostic hallmark to differentiate N215S variant phenotype from subjects with no FD.
Resampling-Based Inference Methods for Comparing Two Coefficients Alpha
Authors: Pauly Markus , Umlauft Maria , Ünlü Ali 
Published: January 2018

The two-sample problem for Cronbach’s coefficient αC\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha _C$$\end{document}, as an estimate of test or composite score reliability, has attracted little attention compared to the extensive treatment of the one-sample case. It is necessary to compare the reliability of a test for different subgroups, for different tests or the short and long forms of a test. In this paper, we study statistical procedures of comparing two coefficients αC,1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha _{C,1}$$\end{document} and αC,2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha _{C,2}$$\end{document}. The null hypothesis of interest is H0:αC,1=αC,2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$H_0 : \alpha _{C,1} = \alpha _{C,2}$$\end{document}, which we test against one-or two-sided alternatives. For this purpose, resampling-based permutation and bootstrap tests are proposed for two-group multivariate non-normal models under the general asymptotically distribution-free (ADF) setting. These statistical tests ensure a better control of the type-I error, in finite or very small sample sizes, when the state-of-affairs ADF large-sample test may fail to properly attain the nominal significance level. By proper choice of a studentized test statistic, the resampling tests are modified in order to be valid asymptotically even in non-exchangeable data frameworks. Moreover, extensions of this approach to other designs and reliability measures are discussed as well. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed resampling-based testing strategies is demonstrated in an extensive simulation study and illustrated by real data applications.
Is maternal depression related to mother and adolescent reports of family functioning?☆
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Coo Soledad , Irarrázaval Matías 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWhile adolescent‐parent disagreements about family functioning are common, they may also be indicative of family members' health problems and may compromise adolescent adjustment. This study examines the association between maternal depressive symptoms and family functioning perceptions, considering both the adolescents' and their mothers' points of view. A sample of 943 Chilean dyads of adolescents (69% female, Mage = 14.43 years old) and their mothers (Mage = 43.20 years) reported their perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability. Mothers also reported their depressive symptoms. Results indicated that mothers perceived their family as more cohesive and more adaptable than their children. There was a negative association between maternal and adolescent reports of family cohesion and maternal depressive symptoms. In the mother’ reports, this association depended on adolescent's age. In the case of adolescents' reports, this association depended on adolescent's gender. Finally, maternal depressive symptoms were a significant predictor of mother‐adolescent agreement about family cohesion.
The epistemic import of aspectual constructions: the case of performatives
Authors: DE WIT ASTRID , BRISARD FRANK , MEEUWIS MICHAEL 
Published: January 2018

abstractIn this study we chart the aspectual characteristics of performative utterances in a cross-linguistic sample of sixteen languages on the basis of native-speaker elicitations. We conclude that there is not one single aspectual type (e.g., perfectives) that is systematically reserved for performative contexts. Instead, the aspectual form of performative utterances in a given language isepistemicallymotivated, in the sense that the language will turn to that aspectual construction which it generally selects to refer to situations that are fully and instantly identifiable as an instance of a given situation type at the time of speaking. We use the method of Multidimensional Scaling to demonstrate this: whatever the exact value of a given aspectual marker, if it is used to mark performatives, then it also commonly features in the expression of states and habits, which have the subinterval property (they can be fully verified based on a random segment), demonstrations, and other special contexts featuring more or less predictable and therefore instantly identifiable events. On the other hand, our study shows that performative contexts do not normally feature progressive aspect, which is dedicated to the expression of events that are not fully and instantly identifiable.
The 2017 Seventh World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology & Cardiac Surgery: week in review: imaging
Authors: Selamet Tierney Elif S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Imaging Program at the 7th World Congress highlighted the versatility and diagnostic power of the current and upcoming imaging tools in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. Several experts presented interesting as well as practical data on the use of 2D and 3D Echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the fetus, child, and adult with congenital heart disease. Bridging sessions coupled use of these imaging modalities and screening practices in patients with acquired heart disease. Hot topics included nomenclature of ventricular septal defects, the challenging diagnosis of double outlet right ventricle, cardiac tumors, and imaging of aortapathies. Several talks concentrated on the quantitative assessment of ventricular function and reviewed numerous exciting new modalities that currently serve as research tools. In summary, Imaging Sessions truly represented how far we have advanced the field of Imaging in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery.
A 12-Month Clinical Audit Comparing Point-of-Care Lactate Measurements Tested by Paramedics with In-Hospital Serum Lactate Measurements
Authors: Swan Kristi L. , Keene Toby , Avard Bronwyn J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivePrehospital point-of-care lactate (pLA) measurement may be a useful tool to assist paramedics with diagnosing a range of conditions, but only if it can be shown to be a reliable surrogate for serum lactate (sLA) measurement. The aim of this study was to determine whether pLA is a reliable predictor of sLA.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adult patients over a 12-month period who had pLA measured by paramedics in an urban Australian setting and were transported by ambulance to a tertiary hospital where sLA was measured. Patients were excluded if they suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest at any time, had missing data, or if sLA was not measured within 24 hours of arrival. Levels of agreement were determined using methods proposed by Bland and Altman.ResultsA total of 290 patients were transported with a pLA recorded. After exclusions, there were 155 patients (55.0% male; age 71 [SD=18] years) remaining who had sLA recorded within 24 hours. Elevated pLA (>2.0mMol/L) was associated with sLA measurement (76.1% vs 23.9%; OR 3.18; 95% CI, 1.88-5.37; P<.0001). Median time between measurements was 89 minutes (IQR=75). Overall, median pLA was higher than sLA (3.0 [IQR=2.0] mMol/L vs 1.7 [IQR=1.3]; P<.001). Bland-Altman analysis on all participants showed a mean difference of 1.48 mMol/L (95% CI, -3.34 to 6.31). Normal pLA was found to be a true negative in 82.9% of cases, and elevated pLA was a true positive in 48.3% of cases. When the time between measurements was less than 60 minutes (n=25), normal pLA predicted normal sLA with 100% accuracy, with a false-positive rate of 18.2%. As time between measurements increased, accuracy diminished and the false-positive rate increased.ConclusionsOverall, the level of agreement between pLA and sLA was poor. Accuracy of pLA diminished markedly as the time between the two measurements increased. It may be possible to use pLA as a screening tool; when considered this way, pLA performed much better, though larger prospective trials would be needed to confirm this.SwanKL, KeeneT, AvardBJ. A 12-month clinical audit comparing point-of-care lactate measurements tested by paramedics with in-hospital serum lactate measurements. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):36–42.
Dynamic changes in carbonate chemistry in the microenvironment around single marine phytoplankton cells
Authors: Chrachri Abdul , Hopkinson Brian M. , Flynn Kevin , Brownlee Colin , Wheeler Glen L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotosynthesis by marine diatoms plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, although the precise mechanisms of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake remain unclear. A lack of direct measurements of carbonate chemistry at the cell surface has led to uncertainty over the underlying membrane transport processes and the role of external carbonic anhydrase (eCA). Here we identify rapid and substantial photosynthesis-driven increases in pH and [CO32−] primarily due to the activity of eCA at the cell surface of the large diatom Odontella sinensis using direct simultaneous microelectrode measurements of pH and CO32− along with modelling of cell surface inorganic carbonate chemistry. Our results show that eCA acts to maintain cell surface CO2 concentrations, making a major contribution to DIC supply in O. sinensis. Carbonate chemistry at the cell surface is therefore highly dynamic and strongly dependent on cell size, morphology and the carbonate chemistry of the bulk seawater.
Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development
Authors: Stremmel C. , Schuchert R. , Wagner F. , Thaler R. , Weinberger T. , Pick R. , Mass E. , Ishikawa-Ankerhold H. C. , Margraf A. , Hutter S. , Vagnozzi R. , Klapproth S. , Frampton J. , Yona S. , Scheiermann C. , Molkentin J. D. , Jeschke U. , Moser M. , Sperandio M. , Massberg S. , Geissmann F. , Schulz C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTissue macrophages in many adult organs originate from yolk sac (YS) progenitors, which invade the developing embryo and persist by means of local self-renewal. However, the route and characteristics of YS macrophage trafficking during embryogenesis are incompletely understood. Here we show the early migration dynamics of YS-derived macrophage progenitors in vivo using fate mapping and intravital microscopy. From embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) CX3CR1+ pre-macrophages are present in the mouse YS where they rapidly proliferate and gain access to the bloodstream to migrate towards the embryo. Trafficking of pre-macrophages and their progenitors from the YS to tissues peaks around E10.5, dramatically decreases towards E12.5 and is no longer evident from E14.5 onwards. Thus, YS progenitors use the vascular system during a restricted time window of embryogenesis to invade the growing fetus. These findings close an important gap in our understanding of the development of the innate immune system.
Achieving the Heisenberg limit in quantum metrology using quantum error correction
Authors: Zhou Sisi , Zhang Mengzhen , Preskill John , Jiang Liang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantum metrology has many important applications in science and technology, ranging from frequency spectroscopy to gravitational wave detection. Quantum mechanics imposes a fundamental limit on measurement precision, called the Heisenberg limit, which can be achieved for noiseless quantum systems, but is not achievable in general for systems subject to noise. Here we study how measurement precision can be enhanced through quantum error correction, a general method for protecting a quantum system from the damaging effects of noise. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the Heisenberg limit using quantum probes subject to Markovian noise, assuming that noiseless ancilla systems are available, and that fast, accurate quantum processing can be performed. When the sufficient condition is satisfied, a quantum error-correcting code can be constructed that suppresses the noise without obscuring the signal; the optimal code, achieving the best possible precision, can be found by solving a semidefinite program.
Gas hydrate dissociation off Svalbard induced by isostatic rebound rather than global warming
Authors: Wallmann Klaus , Riedel M. , Hong W. L. , Patton H. , Hubbard A. , Pape T. , Hsu C. W. , Schmidt C. , Johnson J. E. , Torres M. E. , Andreassen K. , Berndt C. , Bohrmann G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMethane seepage from the upper continental slopes of Western Svalbard has previously been attributed to gas hydrate dissociation induced by anthropogenic warming of ambient bottom waters. Here we show that sediment cores drilled off Prins Karls Foreland contain freshwater from dissociating hydrates. However, our modeling indicates that the observed pore water freshening began around 8 ka BP when the rate of isostatic uplift outpaced eustatic sea-level rise. The resultant local shallowing and lowering of hydrostatic pressure forced gas hydrate dissociation and dissolved chloride depletions consistent with our geochemical analysis. Hence, we propose that hydrate dissociation was triggered by postglacial isostatic rebound rather than anthropogenic warming. Furthermore, we show that methane fluxes from dissociating hydrates were considerably smaller than present methane seepage rates implying that gas hydrates were not a major source of methane to the oceans, but rather acted as a dynamic seal, regulating methane release from deep geological reservoirs.