bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genicular artery embolisation versus sham embolisation for symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: van Zadelhoff Tijmen A , Bos P Koen , Moelker Adriaan , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , van der Heijden Rianne A , Oei Edwin H G 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of genicular artery embolisation (GAE) compared with sham GAE for pain reduction in patients with symptomatic mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (KOA).DesignDouble-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial conducted from June 2019 to December 2021. The follow-up period was 4 months.SettingSingle-centre study conducted at a university medical centre in Rotterdam, Netherlands.Participants58 adults with symptomatic mild-to-moderate KOA not improving with conservative treatment.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to receive either GAE treatment or a sham GAE treatment.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was reduction of pain measured with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale (0–100, with 0 representing the worst pain outcome and 100 the best) after 4 months. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1 and 4 months.ResultsFrom June 2019 to December 2021, 58 patients were included. 29 patients were randomised to the GAE group and 29 to the sham group. All participants completed the study. The mean pain reduction after 4 months was 21.4 (95% CI 13.9 to 28.8) for the GAE group and 18.4 points (95% CI 11.6 to 25.1) for the sham group. The between-group difference for the mean pain reduction was 3.0 (95% CI −7.1 to 13.0) with an estimated Cohen’s d effect size of d = 0.15 (95% CI −0.37 to 0.66). Group allocation was not a significant contributor to pain reduction (p = 0.31). No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred. 23 mild AEs occurred in the GAE group and 5 in the sham group.ConclusionWe did not establish a clinical effect of GAE in patients with mild-to-moderate KOA as GAE produced a similar effect on pain reduction as a sham GAE procedure.Trial registration numberNCT03884049.
Differential associations of physical job demands with cognitive impairment in Korean workers aged 45 and older: a 14-year longitudinal study using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
Authors: Ha Jea Chul , Yoon Jin-Ha 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between subelements of physical job demands and cognitive impairment risk in middle-aged and older workers in Korea.DesignLongitudinal study using eight waves (2006–2020) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.SettingNationally representative sample of the Korean population aged 45 years and older.Participants2170 workers aged 45 and older at baseline.Primary outcome measuresCognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and cognitive impairment was defined as a score below 24.ResultsHigh physical strength demands were inversely associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.68 for ‘always’ vs ‘never’ category). Conversely, frequent heavy lifting (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.26) and bending, kneeling or squatting (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.82 to 3.47) tasks were associated with increased impairment risk. Dose–response relationships were observed between all physical job demands and cognitive impairment, persisting among those with lower education but not among those with higher education.ConclusionsDifferent types of physical job demands have varying relationships with cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older workers. Tasks requiring high physical strength may protect against cognitive impairment while tasks involving heavy lifting and bending, kneeling or squatting may increase the risk. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions that consider the type of physical job demands and workers’ educational levels to mitigate cognitive impairment risks. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and validate these findings.
Comparing the impact of targeting limited driving pressure to low tidal volume ventilation on mortality in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 ARDS: an exploratory target trial emulation
Authors: Tanios Maged , Wu Ting Ting , Nguyen Huang (Mark) , Smith Louisa , Mahidhara Raja , Devlin John W 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAn association between driving pressure (∆P) and the outcomes of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) may exist. However, the effect of a sustained limitation of ∆P on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including patients with COVID-19 (COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS)) undergoing IMV, has not been rigorously evaluated. The use of emulations of a target trial in intensive care unit research remains in its infancy. To inform future, large ARDS target trials, we explored using a target trial emulation approach to analyse data from a cohort of IMV adults with C-ARDS to determine whether maintaining daily ∆p<15 cm H2O (in addition to traditional low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) (tidal volume 5–7 cc/PBW+plateau pressure (Pplat) ≤30 cm H2O), compared with LTVV alone, affects the 28-day mortality.MethodsTo emulate a target trial, adults with C-ARDS requiring >24 hours of IMV were considered to be assigned to limited ∆P or LTVV. Lung mechanics were measured twice daily after ventilator setting adjustments were made. To evaluate the effect of each lung-protective ventilation (LPV) strategy on the 28-day mortality, we fit a stabilised inverse probability weighted marginal structural model that adjusted for baseline and time-varying confounders known to affect protection strategy use/adherence or survival.ResultsAmong the 92 patients included, 27 (29.3%) followed limited ∆P ventilation, 23 (25.0%) the LTVV strategy and 42 (45.7%) received no LPV strategy. The adjusted estimated 28-day survival was 47.0% (95% CI 23%, 76%) in the limited ∆P group, 70.3% in the LTVV group (95% CI 37.6%, 100%) and 37.6% (95% CI 20.8%, 58.0%) in the no LPV strategy group.InterpretationLimiting ∆P may not provide additional survival benefits for patients with C-ARDS over LTVV. Our results help inform the development of future target trial emulations focused on evaluating LPV strategies, including reduced ∆P, in adults with ARDS.
Quality of skeletal muscles during allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a pilot study
Authors: Maeda Yusaku , Takao Shoichiro , Morita Shiori , Kondo Shin , Yamashita Michiko , Sumitani Ryohei , Oura Masahiro , Sogabe Kimiko , Takahashi Mamiko , Fujii Shiro , Harada Takeshi , Miki Hirokazu , Abe Masahiro , Nakamura Shingen 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThis study investigated the muscle fat fraction (FF) and muscle-related parameters before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsFat and water signals were derived from the in-phase and out-of-phase MR signal intensities of the pelvis and thigh using the two-point Dixon technique. They were analysed using Synapse Vincent, and muscle quality was evaluated using the FF. The muscle mass was assessed by measuring the thigh and gluteal muscle areas using a manual trace on the MR image. The association between the muscle FF and clinical data was retrospectively determined.ResultsThis study included 11 patients (6 males). Their mean age was 42.7 years, and eight had leukaemia. Eight were assessed at a mean of 65.4 days post-HSCT. The hip and thigh skeletal muscle FFs were not significantly different during HSCT. The grip and lower limb muscle strengths decreased significantly after HSCT. Patients with low FFs before transplantation tended to lose muscle strength, and the increase in FF and decrease of muscle strength were correlated.ConclusionsMuscle strength and quantity decrease during the early phase after HSCT, especially in patients with low FF muscles. Therefore, interventions based on muscle quality and quantity are essential.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may benefit cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients with COPD
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Huang Yuhan , Yu Teng-Shun , Hwu Chii-Min 
Published: October 2024

Background
Clinical studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) can have beneficial effects on cardiopulmonary function. We conducted this longitudinal cohort study to compare the risk of cardiopulmonary outcomes and mortality between GLP-1 RA use and no use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
The study identified 8060 matched GLP-1 RA users and non-users from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risk of cardiopulmonary outcomes between GLP-1 RA users and non-users.

Results
The mean follow-up time was 2.51 and 2.46 years for GLP-1 RA users and non-users, respectively. In the matched cohorts, GLP-1 RA users had a significantly lower risk of mortality (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.46, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.56), cardiovascular events (aHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.82), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.93), invasive mechanical ventilation (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.8) and bacterial pneumonia (aHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.88) than GLP-1 RA non-users. The subsequent analyses for various subgroup and medication duration also showed that GLP-1 RA was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, ventilation support and bacterial pneumonia than non-GLP-1 RA.

Conclusion
This nationwide cohort study showed that GLP-1 RA had a lower risk of cardiopulmonary outcomes and all-cause mortality than non-GLP-1 RA in patients with T2D and COPD. GLP-1 RA may help manage diabetes in people with COPD.
Engel condition of composition of generalized derivations in prime rings
Authors: Dhara Basudeb 
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime ring, [Formula: see text] a noncentral Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the extended centroid of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Utumi quotient ring of [Formula: see text]. Suppose that [Formula: see text] are two nonzero generalized derivations of [Formula: see text]. Recently, [Dhara et al., Engel conditions of generalized derivations on left ideals and Lie ideals in prime rings, Comm. Algebra 48(1) (2020) 154–167] studied the case [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a derivation (which is independent of [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] fixed positive integers and obtained the structure of [Formula: see text] and the ring [Formula: see text]. [Liu, An Engel condition with two generalized derivations on Lie ideals of prime rings, J. Algebra and Its Applications, 22(5) (2023) 2350115] studied a similar identity replacing derivation [Formula: see text] with another generalized derivation [Formula: see text]. Recently, [Pandey, Pair of generalized derivations on Lie ideals in prime rings, Asian-European J. Math. 16(1) (2022) 2350002] studied an identity considering composition of mapping, that is [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider the situation containing composition of mappings as well as Engel condition, that is, [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are fixed integers and then obtain the nature of mappings [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the ring [Formula: see text].
A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Memory T cells play a key role in immune protection against cancer. Vaccine-induced tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in the lung have been shown to protect against lung metastasis. Identifying the source of lung TRM cells can help to improve strategies, preventing tumor metastasis. Here, we found that a prime-boost vaccination approach using intramuscular DNA vaccine priming, followed by intranasal live-attenuated influenza-vectored vaccine (LAIV) boosting induced higher frequencies of lung CD8+ TRM cells compared with other vaccination regimens. Vaccine-induced lung CD8+ TRM cells, but not circulating memory T cells, conferred significant protection against metastatic melanoma and mesothelioma. Central memory T (TCM) cells induced by the DNA vaccination were major precursors of lung TRM cells established after the intranasal LAIV boost. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that transcriptional reprogramming of TCM cells for differentiation into TRM cells in the lungs started as early as day 2 post the LAIV boost. Intranasal LAIV altered the mucosal microenvironment to recruit TCM cells via CXCR3-dependent chemotaxis and induced CD8+ TRM-associated transcriptional programs. These results identified TCM cells as the source of vaccine-induced CD8+ TRM cells that protect against lung metastasis.
Significance: Prime-boost vaccination shapes the mucosal microenvironment and reprograms central memory T cells to generate lung resident memory T cells that protect against lung metastasis, providing insights for the optimization of vaccine strategies.
Gram-Negative Microflora Dysbiosis Facilitates Tumor Progression and Immune Evasion by Activating the CCL3/CCL5–CCR1–MAPK–PD-L1 Pathway in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Huiqin , Cai Jiahao , Huang Xiaolong , Zhan Cheng , Lu Chunlai , Gu Jie , Ma Teng , Zhang Hongyu , Cheng Tao , Xu Fengkai , Ge Di 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gram-negative (G−) microflora dysbiosis occurs in multiple digestive tumors and is found to be the dominant microflora in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) microenvironment. The continuous stimulation of G− bacterium metabolites may cause tumorigenesis and reshape the microimmune environment in ESCC. However, the mechanism of G− bacilli causing immune evasion in ESCC remains underexplored. We identified CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) as a tumor-indicating gene in ESCC. Interestingly, expression levels of CCR1 and PD-L1 were mutually upregulated after G− bacilli metabolite lipopolysaccharide stimulation. First, we found that CCR1 high expression levels were associated with poor overall survival in ESCC. Importantly, we found that high levels of CCR1 expression upregulated PD-L1 expression by activating MAPK phosphorylation in ESCC and induced tumor malignant behavior. Finally, we found that T-cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity suppression were associated with CCR1 expression in ESCC, which were decreased after CCR1 inhibiting. Our work identifies CCR1 as a potential immune check point regulator of PD-L1 and may cause T-cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity suppression in ESCC microenvironment and highlights the potential value of CCR1 as a therapeutic target of immunotherapy.
Implications: The esophageal microbial environment and its metabolites significantly affect the outcome of immunotherapy for ESCC.
Enhanced spinal cord repair using bioengineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes loaded with miRNA
Authors: Abbas Azar , Huang Xiaosheng , Ullah Aftab , Luo Lishi , Xi Wenqun , Qiao Yuanjiao , Zeng Kun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in severe impairment and fatality as well as significant motor and sensory abnormalities. Exosomes produced from IPSCs have demonstrated therapeutic promise for accelerating spinal cord injury recovery, according to a recent study.

Objective
This study aims to develop engineered IPSCs-derived exosomes (iPSCs-Exo) capable of targeting and supporting neurons, and to assess their therapeutic potential in accelerating recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
iPSCs-Exo were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and western blot. To enhance neuronal targeting, iPSCs-Exo were bioengineered, and their uptake by neurons was visualized using PKH26 labeling and fluorescence microscopy. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effects of miRNA-loaded engineered iPSCs-Exo were evaluated by exposing neurons to LPS and IFN-γ. In vivo, biodistribution of engineered iPSC-Exo was monitored using a vivo imaging system. The therapeutic efficacy of miRNA-loaded engineered iPSC-Exo in a SCI mouse model was assessed by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores, H&E, and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining.

Results
The results showed that engineered iPSC-Exo loaded with miRNA promoted the spinal cord injure recovery. Thorough safety assessments using H&E staining on major organs revealed no evidence of systemic toxicity, with normal organ histology and biochemistry profiles following engineered iPSC-Exo administration.

Conclusion
These results suggest that modified iPSC-derived exosomes loaded with miRNA have great potential as a cutting-edge therapeutic approach to improve spinal cord injury recovery. The observed negligible systemic toxicity further underscores their potential safety and efficacy in clinical applications.
The role and therapeutic potential of itaconate in lung disease
Authors: He Ruyuan , Zuo Yifan , Yi Ke , Liu Bohao , Song Congkuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung diseases triggered by endogenous or exogenous factors have become a major concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Inflammation and an over-activated immune system can lead to a cytokine cascade, resulting in lung dysfunction and injury. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by macrophages, has been reported as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress agent with significant potential in regulating immunometabolism. As a naturally occurring metabolite in immune cells, itaconate has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in lung diseases through its role in regulating inflammation and immunometabolism. This review focuses on the origin, regulation, and function of itaconate in lung diseases, and briefly discusses its therapeutic potential.
The identification and analysis of meristematic mutations within the apple tree that developed the RubyMac sport mutation
Authors: Sun Hequan , Abeli Patrick , Campoy José Antonio , Rütjes Thea , Krause Kristin , Jiao Wen-Biao , Beaudry Randy , Schneeberger Korbinian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding the molecular basis of sport mutations in fruit trees has the potential to accelerate generation of improved cultivars.

Results
For this, we analyzed the genome of the apple tree that developed the RubyMac phenotype through a sport mutation that led to the characteristic fruit coloring of this variety. Overall, we found 46 somatic mutations that distinguished the mutant and wild-type branches of the tree. In addition, we found 54 somatic gene conversions (i.e., loss-of-heterozygosity mutations) that also distinguished the two parts of the tree. Approximately 20% of the mutations were specific to individual cell lineages, suggesting that they originated from the corresponding meristematic layers. Interestingly, the de novo mutations were enriched for GC =  > AT transitions while the gene conversions showed the opposite bias for AT =  > GC transitions, suggesting that GC-biased gene conversions have the potential to counteract the AT-bias of de novo mutations. By comparing the gene expression patterns in fruit skins from mutant and wild-type branches, we found 56 differentially expressed genes including 18 involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. While none of the differently expressed genes harbored a somatic mutation, we found that some of them in regions of the genome that were recently associated with natural variation in fruit coloration.

Conclusion
Our analysis revealed insights in the characteristics of somatic change, which not only included de novo mutations but also gene conversions. Some of these somatic changes displayed strong candidate mutations for the change in fruit coloration in RubyMac.
Prognostic value of the duke activity Status Index Questionnaire in predicting mortality in patients with chronic heart failure: 36-month follow-up study
Authors: Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Dourado Izadora Moraes , Marinho Renan Shida , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , da Luz Goulart Cássia , Batista dos Santos Polliana , Roscani Meliza Goi , Phillips Shane A. , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaire has been the focus of numerous investigations - its discriminative and prognostic capacity has been continuously explored, supporting its use in the clinical setting, specifically during rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).However, studies exploring optimal DASI questionnaire threshold scores are limited.

Objective
To investigate optimal DASI questionnaire thresholds values in predicting mortality in a CHF cohort and assess mortality rates based on the DASI questionnaire using a thresholds values obtained.

Methodology
This is a prospective cohort study with a 36-month follow-up in patients with CHF. All patients completed a clinical assessment, followed by DASI questionnaire, pulmonary function, and echocardiography. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to discriminate the DASI questionnaire score in determining the risk of mortality. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier model was used to explore the impact of ≤/>23 points on mortality occurring during the 36-month follow-up.

Results
One hundred and twenty-four patients were included, the majority being elderly men. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that ≤/> 23 was a strong predictor of CHF mortality over a 36-month follow-up.

Conclusion
A score of ≤/>23 presents good discriminatory capacity to predict mortality risk in 36 months in patients with CHF, especially in those with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction. Age, ejection fraction, DASI questionnaire score and use of digoxin are risk factors that influence mortality in this population.