bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terbufos-sulfone exacerbates cardiac lesions in diabetic rats: a sub-acute toxicity study
Authors: Nurulain Syed M. , Shafiullah Mohamed , Yasin Javed , Adem Abdu , Kaabi Juma Al , Tariq Saeed , Adeghate Ernest , Ojha Shreesh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have a wide range of applications, from agriculture to warfare. Exposure to these brings forward a varied kind of health issues globally. Terbufos is one of the leading OPCs used worldwide. The present study investigates the cardiac effect of no observable dose of a metabolite of terbufos, terbufos-sulfone (TS), under non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition. One hundred nanomoles per rat (1/20 of LD50) was administered intraperitoneally to adult male Wister rats daily for fifteen days. The left ventricle was collected for ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. The blood samples were collected for biochemical tests including RBC acetylcholinesterase, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, ALT, AST, and GGT. The study revealed about 10 % inhibition of RBC-AChE in two weeks of TS treatment in non-diabetic rats whereas RBC-AChE activity was significantly decreased in diabetic TS treated rats. CK, LDH, and triglycerides were significantly higher in diabetic TS treated rats. Electron microscopy of the heart showed derangement and lesions of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in the TS treated groups. The present study concludes that a non-lethal dose of TS causes cardiac lesions which exacerbate under diabetic condition. Biochemical tests confirmed the ultrastructural changes. It is concluded that a non-lethal dose of TS may be a risk factor for a cardiovascular disease, which may be fatal under diabetic condition.
The Effect of Supplementing Sodium Butyrate Containing Feed with Glutamine and/or Glucose on the Structure of the Piglet Digestive Tract and Selected Blood Indices
Authors: Hanczakowska Ewa , Niwińska Barbara , Grela Eugeniusz R. , Węglarzy Karol , Okoń Krzysztof 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The effect of supplementing the standard piglet diet containing sodium butyrate with glutamine and/or glucose on the structure of the piglet digestive tract and the small intestine epithelium, acidity and volatile fatty acid content of its digesta was investigated. The free amino acids level, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in the blood were also analysed. The experiment was performed on 156 piglets (15 litters) allocated to 5 experimental groups, 3 litters in each. Group I (C, negative control) received a basal mixture with no supplement. Group II (SB, positive control) was fed the same basal diet containing additionally 3 g of sodium butyrate per kg. Group III and IV, besides sodium butyrate, received additionally 10 g of glutamine (GT) or glucose (GC), respectively. The last group V received all these supplements, i.e. SB+GT+GC (3, 10, 10 g per kg, respectively). At 60 days of age, the piglets (6 animals from each group) were slaughtered and their intestines were measured and weighed. The piglets in group SB+GT+GC receiving all the supplements grew slightly faster than the others, and at the end of the experiment the differences in body weight were significant. The total intestinal mass of the piglets fed with glucose or all the supplements was significantly higher than that of the piglets receiving glutamine but there was no significant difference in the total length of intestines. There was also no significant difference in acidity of chyme along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Digesta in the jejunum of both control groups (C, SB) contained significantly more SCFA than the remaining groups. In the caecum their content in the negative control and the group fed with all supplements was significantly higher when compared to the butyrate and glucose group. In the duodenum villus height was similar in all the groups but in the jejunum it was significantly higher in the group receiving all supplements than in other groups. Free amino acids level was lowest in the piglets receiving glucose but there was no difference between the remaining groups. The lowest level of IGF-1 was found in the same group and this difference was significant when compared with remaining groups, except C. It is concluded that glutamine and glucose, when given together with sodium butyrate, improve the structure of piglet jejunum epithelium and average body weight gains. A supplement of glucose significantly lowers free amino acid content and IGF-1 level in piglet blood.
Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Simmental and Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Different Production Seasons
Authors: Adamska Agata , Rutkowska Jarosława , Przybylski Wiesław 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of Simmental cow milk in relation to lipid intake in feeds and their composition, and to compare it with FA composition of milk from cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed. To this end, 104 milk samples were collected from Simmental cows and 52 milk samples derived from PHF breed were taken over a 2-year period. The season significantly influenced both contents of lipid, dry matter and crude protein as well as FA content in lipids extracted from forages. Winter and autumn seasons were characterized by a significantly higher intake of lipids with forages resulting from the intake of fresh silages, compared with the other seasons when the animals were fed stored silages. This was reflected in the highest content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 C18:2 in milk from the autumn season. Compared with PHF, milk from Simmentals had a higher content of short-chain saturated FAs (SCSFAs) and was characterized by great differences in FA contents determined in the group of odd- and branched-chain FAs (OBCFAs). Milk from Simmental cows had the butyric acid C4:0 and iso C15:0 content of 4.99 and 1.20 g/100 g FA on average, respectively, which have been associated with benefits for human health.
Assessment and determination of lyoprotectant for survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Miao Zongcheng , Zhao Yang , Huo Xiaoping 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Currently research of lactic acid bacteria focus primarily on the functional probiotics, which are major beneficial biota in the gastrointestinal tract, have been industrial manufactured. Probiotics confer health benefits on the host need adequate amounts. However, the absence of data makes it difficult to ensure the maintenance biological activities and population of probiotic. In this research, a fractional factorial design and steepest ascent experiment were used to analyze the influence of lyoprotectant as carbohydrates, prebiotics and amino acids on the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The results indicated a maximum survival rate and population of viable bacteria of L. rhamnosus to be 55.84 % and 1.60 ×1011 CFU/g after freeze-dried by using a combination of 10 g/100mL Sucrose, 2.5 g/100mL Isomaltooligosaccharide, 12 g/100mL Hydroxyproline. To a large extent, the survival and viability were dependent on the cryoprotectant used and make probiotics more attractive from a practical application in industrial viewpoint.
A survey of the all-pairs shortest paths problem and its variants in graphs
Authors: Udaya Kumar Reddy K. R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
There has been a great deal of interest in the computation of distances and shortest paths problem in graphs which is one of the central, and most studied, problems in (algorithmic) graph theory. In this paper, we survey the exact results of the static version of the all-pairs shortest paths problem and its variants namely, the Wiener index, the average distance, and the minimum average distance spanning tree (MAD tree in short) in graphs (focusing mainly on algorithmic results for such problems). Along the way we also mention some important open issues and further research directions in these areas.
Feasibility study of using a Microsoft Kinect for virtual coaching of wheelchair transfer techniques
Authors: Hwang Seonhong , Tsai Chung-Ying , Koontz Alicia M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Kinect skeleton tracking algorithm for measurement of trunk, shoulder, and elbow joint angle measurement during a wheelchair transfer task. Eight wheelchair users were recruited for this study. Joint positions were recorded simultaneously by the Kinect and Vicon motion capture systems while subjects transferred from their wheelchairs to a level bench. Shoulder, elbow, and trunk angles recorded with the Kinect system followed a similar trajectory as the angles recorded with the Vicon system with correlation coefficients that are larger than 0.71 on both sides (leading arm and trailing arm). The root mean square errors (RMSEs) ranged from 5.18 to 22.46 for the shoulder, elbow, and trunk angles. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for the discrepancy between the two systems exceeded the clinical significant level of 5°. For the trunk, shoulder, and elbow angles, the Kinect had very good relative reliability for the measurement of sagittal, frontal and horizontal trunk angles, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values (>0.90). Small standard error of the measure (SEM) values, indicating good absolute reliability, were observed for all joints except for the leading arm’s shoulder joint. Relatively large minimal detectable changes (MDCs) were observed in all joint angles. The Kinect motion tracking has promising performance levels for some upper limb joints. However, more accurate measurement of the joint angles may be required. Therefore, understanding the limitations in precision and accuracy of Kinect is imperative before utilization of Kinect.
An Eco-physiological and Biotechnological Approach to Conservation of the World-wide Rare and Endangered Aquatic Liverwort Riella helicophylla (Bory et Mont.) Mont.
Authors: Sabovljević Marko S. , Segarra-Moragues José Gabriel , Puche Felisa , Vujičić Milorad , Cogoni Annalena , Sabovljević Aneta 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe rare aquatic liverwortRiella helicophylla(Bory et Mont.) Mont., inhabitant of temporary shallow ponds around the Mediterranean basin, is considered threatened throughout its distribution range. In addition, little is known of its biology and ecology or of its role in such an important ecosystem where environmental conditions vary yearly in unpredictable ways. In these variable habitats, due to the seasonal fluctuation of water levels, there is no guarantee of yearly spore input into the spore bank. Spore germination rate and the effects of different culture media in an axenic culture establishment, as well as propagation procedures ofR. helicophylla,were tested. New insights into the ecology and biology ofR. helicophyllaare given. Spore dormancy is documented, and the protocols for the in vitro culture establishment, propagation and acclimatization of this liverwort are developed. Dry storage at 20 ± 2 °C for about three months broke the dormancy of spores, which subsequently germinated in a high percentage (over 90%). A two phase (solid and liquid) culture media system was developed for the purpose of achieving fully developed gametophytes. The liquid phase contained electrolytes simulating brackish water.
Current control with asymmetrical regular sampled pulse width modulator applied in parallel active filter
Authors: Płatek T. , Osypiński T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the properties of pulse width modulator with a single (symmetrical regular sampled PWM) and double (asymmetrical regular sampled PWM) control sampling of the input signal (low-frequency control input wave) in presence of a triangular auxiliary signal. In this paper, a comparison of the characteristics of these modulators used in the control system with a linear proportional controller is presented. The article provides the relations derived for the maximum amplification of regulators for which the control system operates stably. Analysis results have been confirmed by simulation and experimental studies of a commercial active filter installed in an industrial plant.
Selected elements of a new method of induction motor efficiency determination
Authors: Dabala K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the results of estimating method of the energy consumed by induction motors and the legal situation concerning the efficiency of electrical motors in the European Union. Three elements of a new method of induction motor efficiency determination are described: methodology of taking into account the influence of non-sinusoidal voltage and the voltage unbalance on the motor efficiency and the application of the interval arithmetic in order to determine the border error of the induction motor efficiency. It is proved that the middle of efficiency interval for the direct method of efficiency determination is always equal to or higher than the measurement result and the radius of interval is longer than the border error.
Experimental and numerical analysis of shunting effect in resistance spot welding of Al2219 sheets
Authors: Jafari Vardanjani M. , Araee A. , Senkara J. , Jakubowski J. , Godek J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Few aspects of shunting effect have been studied so far. Shunting effect in resistance spot welding (RSW) occurs when the electrical current passes through the previous spot welds. Value of this current depends mostly on distance, number, and size of previous spot welds. This will cause some dimensional and metallurgical changes in welding nugget as well as heat affected zone (HAZ). In this study, shunting effect of RSW is considered by finite element method (FEM) and the results are compared to experiments performed on aluminum alloy 2219. Weld spacing together with welding current and time are considered to discover the effect of shunting current in the final quality of nugget. A three factor experiment design has been performed to find the significance of factors and interactive effects, as well as finite element model verification. Electrothermal and mechanical interactions are considered in the FEM. Experimental and numerical solutions have yielded similar results in terms of welding nugget properties. Asymmetry in electrical potential, temperature, stress distribution and geometry of shunted nugget is predicted and verified directly or indirectly. Intense effect of shunting current on nugget height, asymmetric growth of heat affected zone (HAZ) toward previous welding nugget, as well as concentration of alloying elements along grain boundaries are also discovered.
Metric Based Attribute Reduction Method in Dynamic Decision Tables
Authors: Janos Demetrovics , Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Thi Vu Duc , Giang Nguyen Long 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Feature selection is a vital problem which needs to be effectively solved in knowledge discovery in databases and pattern recognition due to two basic reasons: minimizing costs and accurately classifying data. Feature selection using rough set theory is also called attribute reduction. It has attracted a lot of attention from researchers and numerous potential results have been gained. However, most of them are applied on static data and attribute reduction in dynamic databases is still in its early stages. This paper focuses on developing incremental methods and algorithms to derive reducts, employing a distance measure when decision systems vary in condition attribute set. We also conduct experiments on UCI data sets and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are better in terms of time consumption and reducts’ cardinality in comparison with non-incremental heuristic algorithm and the incremental approach using information entropy proposed by authors in [17].
Multi-Partite Graphs and Verification of Software Applications for Real-Time Systems
Authors: Nikiforov Victor , Baranov Sergey 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Aspects of static verification of software applications for real-time systems are considered. A verification method based on oriented multipartite graphs is suggested for checking whether mutual blockings (deadlocks or clinches) could occur in a real-time multitask application and estimate the duration of highpriority task blocking by lower-priority tasks due to the application structure.
Reducing Energy Consumption by Using Smart Metering Intelligent Systems
Authors: Atanasov Ivaylo , Nikolov Anastas , Pencheva Evelina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Smart metering is aimed at efficient energy management. Its potential may be revealed using recent advances in machine type communications. This paper presents an approach to design web services for residential power control with prepaid functionality. The reduction in energy consumption is estimated for typical households applying heating control.
Object Tracking Based on Online Semi-Supervised SVM and Adaptive-Fused Feature
Authors: Xiang Ruxi , Zhu Xifang , Wu Feng , Xu Qinquan , Li Jianwei 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of tracking, we propose a new online tracking method based on classification and adaptive fused feature. We first label a few positive and negative samples, train the classifier by the online SSSM (Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine) learning and these labelled samples, and then locate the position of the object from the next frame according to the trained classifier. In order to adapt more of the new samples, we need to update the classifier by finding new samples with high confident value obtained by the trained classifier and add them into the online SSSM. Finally we also update the object model by the online incremental PCA (Principal Component Analysis) because of background clutter, heavy occlusion and complicated object appearance changes. Compared with the basic mean shift tracking and the ensemble tracking method, experimental results show that our tracking method is able to effectively handle heavy occlusion and background clutter in some challenge videos including some thermal videos.
In situ detection of the fracture behaviour of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Liu Huanrong , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiubiao , Sun Zhengjun , Jiang Zehui 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The remarkable fracture toughness of bamboo culms is highly attributed to the proper embedding of the stiff fibre caps of the vascular bundles into the soft parenchyma matrix. In this study, the fracture behaviour of small specimens of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) in tension and bending were investigated in situ with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to visualise crack initiation and propagation within bamboo tissues and its interactions with the structural components (fibres and parenchyma tissues). Fracture surfaces were studied by field-emission SEM. The fracture of bamboo in either tension or bending was non-catastrophic, and cracks propagated in a tortuous manner with massive interfacial delamination. The stiff fibre bundles played an important role in restraining crack propagation, acting as bridges to inhibit cracks opening and also as “crack stoppers” inducing extensive crack-deflections. Microstructural analysis of the fractured surfaces revealed that substantial interfacial debonding, sliding and fibre pull-outs occurred at various length scales, which are believed to be effective in dissipating the crack energy. The synergistic effects of crack-deflection, crack-bridging and interfacial debonding are regarded to be mainly responsible for the remarkable fracture toughness of bamboo.
Contribution of lignin to the strength properties in wood fibres studied by dynamic FTIR spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
Authors: Salmén Lennart , Stevanic Jasna S. , Olsson Anne-Mari 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A deeper insight into the molecular interactions in the highly intermixed structure of the wood cell wall, from the point of view of both basic and applied science, is necessary. In particular, the role of the different matrix materials within the cell wall needs to be better understood, especially concerning how lignin contributes to the mechanical properties. In the present paper, the mechanical properties of spruce wood have been studied on a molecular scale by means of dynamic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. To this purpose, native spruce wood was subjected to chemical changes by impregnation and a mild pre-cooking with white liquor with a composition usual for kraft pulping. For comparison, lignin-rich primary cell wall material was also isolated by means of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) refining. Dynamic FTIR spectroscopy revealed that lignin took part in the stress transfer in all investigated samples. This finding is in contrast to literature data. A strong indirect coupling between lignin and cellulose was seen in the primary cell wall (P) material. In case of native wood, the lignin signal was much weaker and also indicated an indirect coupling to cellulose. In the case of pre-cooked wood samples (submitted to mild pulping), the interactions were modified so that the molecular straining of lignin was stronger and more directly related to that of cellulose. In other words, in these samples, lignin played a more active role in the stress transfer as compared to native wood. These findings were supported by a narrower lignin-softening region as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The interpretation is plausible in terms of the superior stiffness seen for high-yield pulps of a similar yield as the studied pre-cooked wood samples.
Modified Sol-Gel Processing of NiCr2O4 Nanoparticles; Structural Analysis and Optical Band Gap
Authors: Enhessari Morteza , Salehabadi Ali , Khanahmadzadeh Salah , Arkat Kamal , Nouri Jalal 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Nickel Chromite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a modified sol-gel method using nickel acetate and ammonium dichromate in melted stearic acid as a complexing agent. The diffractograms of the nanoparticles confirmed a pure formation of NiCr2O4 spinel without any minor phase. The coordination structure of as prepared nanoparticles shows a series of absorption bands below 1,000 cm−1 were evidenced the M-O (Cr-O, Ni-O) bond in the sample. Optical band gap, magnetic properties and color parameters (L*.a*.b*) indicates that the final nanoparticles are optically and magnetically active. The particle size of NiCr2O4 was calculated using Scherrer equation at about 24 nm. Optical band gap obtained at 1.7 eV indicating that NiCr2O4 nanoparticles are semiconductor material and can be used in electrical devices.