bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial rearrangement of Purkinje cell subsets forms the transverse and longitudinal compartmentalization in the mouse embryonic cerebellum
Authors: Vibulyaseck Suteera , Fujita Hirofumi , Luo Yuanjun , Tran Anh Khoa , Oh‐Nishi Arata , Ono Yuichi , Hirano Shinji , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTransversely oriented lobules and longitudinally arrayed stripes of Purkinje cell subsets subdivide the cerebellar cortex into multiple compartments that are involved in diverse functions. In the mammalian cerebellum, anterior, and posterior lobules, which are involved in somatosensorimotor function, show an alternation of aldolase C (zebrin II) ‐positive and ‐negative stripes, whereas the central lobules (lobules VIb–VII and crus I), which are implicated in nonmotor functions, show a laterally expanded arrangement solely of aldolase C‐positive stripes. To understand the developmental process of this compartmental pattern, we identified groups of Purkinje cell subsets in the entire mouse cerebellum at embryonic day (E) 14.5 by staining Purkinje cell subset markers. We then tracked four major domains of Protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10)‐positive Purkinje cell subsets (medial, dorsal, central, and mid‐lateral subsets), which were clearly demarcated during E14.5–17.5. These domains of Purkinje cell subsets shifted predominantly in the longitudinal direction to be positioned in the anterior and posterior lobules. However, a particular portion of the medial and mid‐lateral domains, and the whole of the central domain shift in the lateral direction to be positioned in the central lobules. The results indicate that while the longitudinal shift of domains of Purkinje cell subsets forms the longitudinally striped compartments in the anterior and posterior cerebellum, the lateral shift of particular domains of Purkinje cell subsets underlies the laterally expanded arrangement of stripes in central lobules. Thus, the rearrangement of Purkinje cell subsets in the embryonic cerebellum is critically related to the compartmental organization in the mammalian cerebellum.
Synaptogenesis and synaptic protein localization in the postnatal development of rod bipolar cell dendrites in mouse retina
Authors: Anastassov Ivan A. , Wang Weiwei , Dunn Felice A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRetinal responses to photons originate in rod photoreceptors and are transmitted to the ganglion cell output of the retina through the primary rod bipolar pathway. At the first synapse of this pathway, input from multiple rods is pooled into individual rod bipolar cells. This architecture is called convergence. Convergence serves to improve sensitivity of rod vision when photons are sparse. Establishment of convergence depends on the development of a proper complement of dendritic tips and transduction proteins in rod bipolar cells. How the dendrites of rod bipolar cells develop and contact the appropriate number of rods is unknown. To answer this question we visualized individual rod bipolar cells in mouse retina during postnatal development and quantified the number of dendritic tips, as well as the expression of transduction proteins within dendrites. Our findings show that the number of dendritic tips in rod bipolar cells increases monotonically during development. The number of tips at P21, P30, and P82 exceeds the previously reported rod convergence ratios, and the majority of these tips are proximal to a presynaptic rod release site, suggesting more rods provide input to a rod bipolar cell. We also show that dendritic transduction cascade members mGluR6 and TRPM1 appear in tips with different timelines. These finding suggest that (a) rod bipolar cell dendrites elaborate without pruning during development, (b) the convergence ratio between rods and rod bipolar cells may be higher than previously reported, and (c) mGluR6 and TRPM1 are trafficked independently during development.
REST4Mobile: A framework for enhanced usability of REST services on smartphones
Authors: Mesfin Gebremariam , Ghinea Gheorghita , Grønli Tor‐Morten , Alouneh Sahel 
Published: May 2017

SummaryConsidering end‐user research and proliferation of smartphones and REpresentational State Transfer (REST) interfaces, we envisage that smartphone owners can innovate to compose applications on the small screen. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a REST service development framework (viz, REST4Mobile) with the aim to enhance the usability when consuming on smartphones. Our design process uses the usability factors identified in our previous work as primary constraints for modeling the framework and a corresponding composition tool. Thus, sample REST services are developed with and then without the framework, and usability of composing the services on smartphones is evaluated. Evaluation was conducted by deploying the component REST services, the composition tool, and the resulting composite apps on a local machine. As the task of service composition is conducted directly on the smartphone's screen, the evaluation process is designed to be repeatable on remote servers and on the cloud. Results showed that constraints can be added into the REST architectural style on the basis of the influences of domain specific terms and human cognitive capabilities on the naming and size of the Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). In addition, the principles embodying the framework are found to be influential factors in enhancing the usability of REST services on smartphones.
Understanding the Limiting Factors of Solvent‐Annealed Small‐Molecule Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells from a Chemical Perspective
Authors: Fernandez Daniel , Viterisi Aurelien , Challuri Vijay , Ryan James W. , Martinez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Gispert‐Guirado Francesc , Martinez Marta , Escudero Eduardo , Stenta Caterina , Marsal Lluis F. , Palomares Emilio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA detailed account of the limiting factors of solvent‐annealed bulk‐heterojunction small‐molecule organic solar cells is given. This account is based on the extensive characterisation of solar cell devices made from a library of five diketopyrolopyrole (DPP) donor dyes. Their chemical structure is designed in such a way as to provide insights into the energetics of solar cell active layer micro‐structure formation. Numerous chemical and physical properties of the active layers are assessed and inter‐related such as light absorption, molecular packing in the solid state, crystal‐forming properties in thin films, charge carrier mobility and charge carrier recombination kinetics. A myriad of characterisation techniques are used such as UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, XRD, AFM and photo‐induced transient measurements, which provide information on the optical properties of the active layers, morphology and recombination kinetics. Consequently, a mechanism for the solvent‐vapour‐annealing‐assisted formation of crystalline domains of donor molecules in the active layer is proposed, and the micro‐structural features are related to the J–V characteristics of the devices. According to this model, the crystalline phase in which the donor crystallise in the active layer is the key determinant to direct the formation of the micro‐structure.
Enumeration of WT1‐specific CD8+ T cells for clinical application using an MHC Streptamer based no‐wash single‐platform flow‐cytometric assay
Authors: Matko Sarah , Teichert Madeleine , Tunger Antje , Schmitz Marc , Bornhauser Martin , Tonn Torsten , Odendahl Marcus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe advent of novel strategies to generate leukemia‐associated‐antigen (LAA)‐specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapies creates a demand for standardized good laboratory practice (GLP)‐compliant enumeration assays to provide a secure clinical environment—whether it is to identify potential donors, define therapeutic doses for transplantation, or monitor clinical success. Here, we introduce a no‐wash assay based on single‐platform cell enumeration and Streptamer staining to determine the Wilms' tumor antigen 1 (WT1)‐specific T cell immunity in clinical samples. We analyzed the performance of the WT1‐specific MHC Streptamers in direct comparison to CMV‐ and EBV‐specific MHC Streptamer staining by spiking antigen‐specific T cells in PBMCs. The accuracy of the assay was high for all performed experiments with a mean recovery of 94% and a linear regression of 0.988. Differences were apparent regarding the limit of detection/quantification (LOD/LOQ). While results obtained for WT1 yielded an LOD/LOQ of 0.08 ± 0.04% and 0.11 ± 0.06% (1.33 ± 0.32 cells/µl and 1.9 ± 0.14 cells/µl), the overall LOD/LOQ was notably lower and accounted to 0.02 ± 0.02% and 0.05 ± 0.03% (0.60 ± 0.03 cells/µl and 1.27 ± 0.58 cells/µl). Subsequent screening of 22 healthy individuals revealed significantly higher values for WT1 (0.04 ± 0.02% and 1.5 ± 0.9 cells/µl) than for the irrelevant HIV pol (0.016 ± 0.01% and 0.5 ± 0.4 cells/µl). In contrast, no increased frequencies were observed for WT1‐specific T cells compared to HIV‐specific T cells using a classical wash‐protocol. These findings strongly suggest the use of no‐wash single‐platform assays in combination with MHC Streptamer staining for the detection of low affinity LAA‐specific T cells due to its high accuracy and sensitivity. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Unraveling the relative contribution of inter‐ and intrapopulation functional variability in wild populations of a tadpole species
Authors: Zhao Tian , Li Cheng , Wang Xiaoyi , Xie Feng , Jiang Jianping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFunctional traits are increasingly recognized as an integrative approach by ecologists to quantify a key facet of biodiversity. And these traits are primarily expressed as species means in previous studies, based on the assumption that the effects of intraspecific variability can be overridden by interspecific variability when studying functional ecology at the community level. However, given that intraspecific variability could also have important effects on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, empirical studies are needed to investigate the importance of intraspecific variability in functional traits. In this study, 256 Scutiger boulengeri tadpole individuals from four different populations are used to quantify the functional difference between populations within a species, and the relative contribution of inter‐ and intrapopulation variability in functional traits. Our results demonstrate that these four populations differ significantly in functional attributes (i.e., functional position, functional richness, and low functional overlap), indicating that individuals from different populations within a species should be explicitly accounted for in functional studies. We also find similar relative contribution of inter‐ (~56%) and intrapopulation (~44%) variation to the total variability between individuals, providing evidence that individuals within populations should also be incorporated in functional studies. Overall, our results support the recent claims that intraspecific variability cannot be ignored, as well as the general idea of “individual level” research in functional ecology.
Deriving a light use efficiency estimation algorithm using in situ hyperspectral and eddy covariance measurements for a maize canopy in Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhou Guangsheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe estimated the light use efficiency (LUE) via vegetation canopy chlorophyll content (CCCcanopy) based on in situ measurements of spectral reflectance, biophysical characteristics, ecosystem CO2 fluxes and micrometeorological factors over a maize canopy in Northeast China. The results showed that among the common chlorophyll‐related vegetation indices (VIs), CCCcanopy had the most obviously exponential relationships with the red edge position (REP) (R2 = .97, p < .001) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (R2 = .91, p < .001). In a comparison of the indicating performances of NDVI, ratio vegetation index (RVI), wide dynamic range vegetation index (WDRVI), and 2‐band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) when estimating CCCcanopy using all of the possible combinations of two separate wavelengths in the range 400−1300 nm, EVI2 [1214, 1259] and EVI2 [726, 1248] were better indicators, with R2 values of .92 and .90 (p < .001). Remotely monitoring LUE through estimating CCCcanopy derived from field spectrometry data provided accurate prediction of midday gross primary productivity (GPP) in a rainfed maize agro‐ecosystem (R2 = .95, p < .001). This study provides a new paradigm for monitoring vegetation GPP based on the combination of LUE models with plant physiological properties.
Evaluating hybridization capture with RAD probes as a tool for museum genomics with historical bird specimens
Authors: Linck Ethan B. , Hanna Zachary R. , Sellas Anna , Dumbacher John P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLaboratory techniques for high‐throughput sequencing have enhanced our ability to generate DNA sequence data from millions of natural history specimens collected prior to the molecular era, but remain poorly tested at shallower evolutionary time scales. Hybridization capture using restriction site‐associated DNA probes (hyRAD) is a recently developed method for population genomics with museum specimens. The hyRAD method employs fragments produced in a restriction site‐associated double digestion as the basis for probes that capture orthologous loci in samples of interest. While promising in that it does not require a reference genome, hyRAD has yet to be applied across study systems in independent laboratories. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the effectiveness of hyRAD on both fresh avian tissue and dried tissue from museum specimens up to 140 years old and investigate how variable quantities of input DNA affect sequencing, assembly, and population genetic inference. We present a modified bench protocol and bioinformatics pipeline, including three steps for detection and removal of microbial and mitochondrial DNA contaminants. We confirm that hyRAD is an effective tool for sampling thousands of orthologous SNPs from historic museum specimens to describe phylogeographic patterns. We find that modern DNA performs significantly better than historical DNA better during sequencing but that assembly performance is largely equivalent. We also find that the quantity of input DNA predicts %GC content of assembled contiguous sequences, suggesting PCR bias. We caution against sampling schemes that include taxonomic or geographic autocorrelation across modern and historic samples.
Prevalence and impact of childhood adversities and post‐traumatic stress disorder in women with fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain
Authors: Coppens E. , Van Wambeke P. , Morlion B. , Weltens N. , Giao Ly H. , Tack J. , Luyten P. , Van Oudenhove L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the prevalence of different types of childhood adversities (CA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female patients with Fibromyalgia or Chronic Widespread Pain (FM/CWP) compared to patients with Functional Dyspepsia (FD) and achalasia. In FM/CWP, we also investigated the association between CA and PTSD on the one hand and pain severity on the other.MethodsPatient samples consisted of 154 female FM/CWP, 83 female FD and 53 female achalasia patients consecutively recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Well‐validated self‐report questionnaires were used to investigate CA and PTSD.ResultsForty‐nine per cent of FM/CWP patients reported at least 1 type of CA, compared to 39.7% of FD patients and 23.4% of achalasia patients (p < 0.01). The prevalence of CA did not differ significantly between FM/CWP and FD, but both groups had a higher prevalence of CA compared to both achalasia and healthy controls (p < 0.01). FM/CWP patients were six times more likely to report PTSD than both FD (p < 0.001) and achalasia (p < 0.001) patients.ConclusionIn FM/CWP, PTSD comorbidity, but not CA, was associated with self‐reported pain severity and PTSD severity mediated the relationship between CA and pain severity. In summary, the prevalence of CA is higher in FM/CWP compared to achalasia, but similar to FD. However, PTSD is more prevalent in FM/CWP compared to FD and associated with higher pain intensity in FM/CWP.SignificanceAs expected and has been shown in other functional disorders, we found elevated levels of childhood adversity in FM/CWP patients. Results of this study however suggest that the impact of childhood adversity (i.e. whether such events have led to the development of PTSD symptoms), rather than the mere presence of such adversity, is of crucial importance in FM/CWP patients. Screening for PTSD symptoms should be an essential part of the assessment process in patients suffering from FM/CWP, and both prevention and intervention efforts should take into account PTSD symptoms and their impact on pain severity and general functioning.
Paradoxes of praise: Identity‐inconsistent praise results in praise‐inconsistent responses
Authors: Rabinovich Anna , Morton Thomas A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn four experimental studies, we explored the effect of consistency between central group values and the content of group‐directed praise on group‐based esteem, group identification, and willingness to express attitudes and intentions (in)consistent with the content of praise. Study 1 used pre‐existing groups with clearly defined central values, Study 2 relied on individual differences in perceptions of central group values within the same social group, and Studies 3 and 4 manipulated the centrality of group values experimentally. The results demonstrated that identity‐inconsistent praise resulted in lower group‐based esteem (Studies 1–4), and reduced group identification (Study 4), as compared to identity‐consistent praise. In addition, in all studies, identity‐inconsistent praise led to stronger willingness to reaffirm (the ignored) central group characteristics than identity‐consistent praise. The results are consistent with extensions of the self‐verification approach to the collective self.
Competition over collective victimhood recognition: When perceived lack of recognition for past victimization is associated with negative attitudes towards another victimized group
Authors: De Guissmé Laura , Licata Laurent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGroups that perceive themselves as victims can engage in “competitive victimhood.” We propose that, in some societal circumstances, this competition bears on the recognition of past sufferings—rather than on their relative severity—fostering negative intergroup attitudes. Three studies are presented. Study 1, a survey among Sub‐Saharan African immigrants in Belgium (N = 127), showed that a sense of collective victimhood was associated with more secondary anti‐Semitism. This effect was mediated by a sense of lack of victimhood recognition, then by the belief that this lack of recognition was due to that of Jews' victimhood, but not by competition over the severity of the sufferings. Study 2 replicated this mediation model among Muslim immigrants (N = 125). Study 3 experimentally demonstrated the negative effect of the unequal recognition of groups' victimhood on intergroup attitudes in a fictional situation involving psychology students (N = 183). Overall, these studies provide evidence that struggle for victimhood recognition can foster intergroup conflict.
Men in pink collars: Stereotype threat and disengagement among male teachers and child protection workers
Authors: Kalokerinos Elise K. , Kjelsaas Kathleen , Bennetts Steven , von Hippel Courtney 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMale employees are a traditionally advantaged group, but when working in a female‐dominated industry they may be vulnerable to negative gender stereotypes. The current research examined stereotype threat among men in two traditionally feminine jobs. Study 1 measured stereotype threat among primary school teachers and found that men experienced more stereotype threat than women, and that feelings of stereotype threat were related to negative job attitudes for men but not women. Study 2 manipulated the direction of social comparisons to elicit stereotype threat among male child protection workers. For men but not women, upward social comparisons with a successful feminine target elicited stereotype threat. In turn, stereotype threat was associated with intentions to resign and feeling expected to perform stereotypic masculine work tasks. These results suggest that despite their advantaged status, men in pink‐collar jobs are susceptible to workplace stereotype threat.
Racial phenotypicality bias in educational expectations for both male and female teenagers from different socioeconomic backgrounds
Authors: Meeus Joke , Paredes Mayor Javiera , González Roberto , Brown Rupert , Manzi Jorge 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn three experiments (N = 56, 99, and 225), we showed that racial phenotypicality bias characterizes educational expectations for Chilean mestizo students: participants displayed more positive educational expectations for light complexioned than for dark complexioned high school students. In Study 1, with male high school target students, the relation between racial phenotypic appearance and educational expectations was mediated by differences in perceived competence. Study 2 suggests that the gender of the target student did not influence the occurrence of racial phenotypicality bias. Study 3 showed that racial phenotypicality bias occurs in both university students and high school teachers' judgements. Although socioeconomic background of the target student partially explained the effects of racial phenotypic appearance (especially in teachers), the latter exerted an additional and independent influence on educational expectations. These results underline the fact that effects of racial phenotypicality bias should not be overlooked in the educational domain. As mediational analyses suggested, these effects only partly occur because of stereotypical associations between racial phenotypic appearance and socioeconomic background, but also because of stereotypical associations between racial phenotypic appearance and attributed competence.
The helping orientations inventory: Measuring propensities to provide autonomy and dependency help
Authors: Maki Alexander , Vitriol Joseph A. , Dwyer Patrick C. , Kim John S. , Snyder Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch on helping behavior distinguishes between giving recipients the tools to solve problems for themselves (autonomy‐oriented help) and direct solutions not requiring recipients' involvement (dependency‐oriented help). Across three studies, we examined whether individuals can be characterized by dispositional propensities toward offering autonomy‐oriented and/or dependency‐oriented help. In initial studies, factor analyses revealed the two hypothesized Helping Orientations Inventory scales along with an additional scale capturing opposition to helping, all acceptable in internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Studies 1a–1c). Next, we found that the three scales related in distinct ways to constructs from the intergroup (e.g., social dominance orientation) and interpersonal (e.g., empathic concern) helping literatures (Studies 1d and 1e). Additionally, these orientations predicted satisfaction with volunteer behavior (Study 2) and interest in future volunteering (Study 3). Overall, people vary in their helping orientations, and these orientations implicate a range of variables relevant to intergroup and interpersonal helping.