bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in drug use patterns reported on the web after the introduction of ADF OxyContin: findings from the Researched Abuse, Diversion, and Addiction‐Related Surveillance (RADARS) System Web Monitoring Program
Authors: Vosburg Suzanne K. , Haynes Colleen , Besharat Andrea , Green Jody L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis qualitative study summarizes information that individuals shared online about use of OxyContin following the August 2010 introduction of the abuse deterrent formulation (ADF).PurposeThe primary objective was to study online posts that endorsed continued use of OxyContin or a switch from OxyContin to another formulation of oxycodone or another substance altogether following the introduction of the ADF. A secondary objective was to determine whether posts revealed that the ADF led to cessation of OxyContin use.MethodsData were collected with the Researched Abuse, Diversion, and Addiction‐Related Surveillance System Web Monitoring Program, an online surveillance system that collects and organizes posts about prescription drugs from social media websites, blogs, and forums from 3Q2009 to 4Q2014 using a commercially available web platform.ResultsPosts were categorized by whether they conveyed a switch to drugs other than reformulated OxyContin or a continuation of reformulated OxyContin abuse. “Switch posts” primarily discussed switching to immediate‐release opioids. “Continue abusing” posts identified tampering strategies for alternate routes of administration, oral use, and continued use although post authors were generally unhappy with the experience. No reference to OxyContin cessation as a function of the introduction of the ADF was found; however, discontinued use was discussed.ConclusionsWeb Monitoring data are useful for capturing cross sections of Internet conversation reflecting reactions to new drug formulations. These data support the notion that users will gravitate to non‐ADFs generally, and to immediate‐release non‐ADF opioid formulations, specifically, as long as these options remain on the market.
Effects of mTOR inhibition on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and glucose metabolism in rats with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Uchinaka Ayako , Yoneda Mamoru , Yamada Yuichiro , Murohara Toyoaki , Nagata Kohzo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulator of metabolism and is implicated in pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes. We aimed to investigate the role of mTOR in obesity. A new animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS), named DahlS.Z‐Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats was established previously in our laboratory. In this study, we used this model to evaluate the effects of mTOR inhibition on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and glucose metabolism. DS/obese rats were treated with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, (0.83 mg/kg per day, per os) for 4 weeks at 9 weeks of age. Age‐matched homozygous lean (DahlS.Z‐Lepr+/Lepr+ or DS/lean) littermates of DS/obese rats were used as controls. Treatment with everolimus ameliorated hypertension, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and fibrosis, and LV diastolic dysfunction, and attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in DS/obese rats, but had no effect on these parameters in DS/lean rats. Treatment with everolimus reduced Akt Thr308 phosphorylation in the heart of DS/obese rats. It also alleviated obesity, hyperphagia, adipocyte hypertrophy, and adipose tissue inflammation in DS/obese rats. Everolimus treatment exacerbated glucose intolerance, but did not affect Akt phosphorylation levels in the fat or liver in these rats. Pancreatic β‐cell mass was increased in DS/obese rats compared with that in DS/lean rats and this effect was attenuated by everolimus. Activation of mTOR signaling contributes to the pathophysiology of MetS and its associated complications. And mTOR inhibition with everolimus ameliorated obesity as well as cardiac and adipose tissue pathology, but exacerbated glucose metabolism in rats with MetS.
Maternal intake of cashew nuts accelerates reflex maturation and facilitates memory in the offspring
Authors: de Melo Marília Ferreira Frazão Tavares , Pereira Diego Elias , Sousa Morgana Moura , Medeiros Dilian Maise Ferreira , Lemos Leanderson Tulio Marques , Madruga Marta Suely , Santos Nayane Medeiros , de Oliveira Maria Elieidy Gomes , de Menezes Camila Carolina , Soares Juliana Késsia Barbosa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEssential fatty acids, being indispensable during the stages of pregnancy, lactation and infancy influence the transmission of nerve impulses and brain function, and cashew nuts are a good source of these fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on reflex development, memory and profile of fatty acids of rat offspring treated during pregnancy and lactation. The animals were divided into three groups: Control (CONT), treated with 7% lipid derived from soybean oil; Normolipidic (NL) treated with 7% lipids derived from cashew nuts; and Hyperlipidic (HL) treated with 20% lipids derived from cashew nuts. Reflex ontogeny, Open‐field habituation test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) were assessed. The profile of fatty acids in the brain was carried out when the animals were zero, 21 and 60 days old. Accelerated reflex maturation was observed in animals treated with cashew nuts (p < 0.05). NL presented better memory in the Open‐field habituation test; the NL and HL showed improvement of short‐term memory in the ORT, but long term damage in HL (p < 0.05). The results of the lipid profile of the brain at the end of the experiment showed an increase in levels of saturated fatty acids and less Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in animals of the HL. The data showed that maternal consumption of cashew nuts can accelerate reflex maturation and facilitate memory in offspring when offered in adequate quantities.
Landiolol suppression of electrical storm of torsades de pointes in patients with congenital long‐QT syndrome type 2 and myocardial ischemia
Authors: Kitajima Ryota , Aiba Takeshi , Kamakura Tsukasa , Ishibashi Kohei , Wada Mitsuru , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Okamura Hideo , Noda Takashi , Nagase Satoshi , Kataoka Yu , Asaumi Yasuhide , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 76‐year‐old man who had been diagnosed with long‐QT syndrome type 2 had frequent syncopal attacks. The electrocardiogram was monitored, and frequent torsades de pointes (TdP) was detected despite administration of conventional medications: oral propranolol, verapamil, intravenous magnesium sulfate, verapamil, and lidocaine. In contrast, 2 μg/kg/min landiolol could completely suppress TdP. Subsequently, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was placed, and he was diagnosed with silent myocardial ischemia using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary angiography. This is the first case report wherein landiolol effectively suppressed TdP due to long‐QT syndrome with silent myocardial ischemia.
The ergative-antipassive alternation in Inuktitut: Analyzed in a case of new-dialect formation
Authors: Carrier Julien 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the ergative-antipassive alternation in Inuktitut using a variationist sociolinguistic approach. This alternation is not a typical linguistic variable, as these constructions are traditionally believed to have different syntactic functions. However, the nature of those functions remains controversial (e.g., Bittner 1987, Manga 1996), and they are undergoing changes in some dialects (e.g., Johns 2001, Carrier 2012), with the antipassive being increasingly used in place of the ergative. Thus, a variationist sociolinguistic approach is employed here to identify the significant functions of these constructions, and to find the specific context where they overlap and the language change is taking place. The study examines data collected in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, which presents a case of new-dialect formation due to the High Arctic relocation. The analysis reveals the functions of these constructions, describes the source of fading ergativity for the dialects considered in this study, and supports Trudgill's (2004) theory on new-dialect formation.
UPPER BOUNDS FOR SUNFLOWER-FREE SETS
Authors: NASLUND ERIC , SAWIN WILL 
Published: June 2017

A collection of $k$ sets is said to form a $k$-sunflower, or $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$-system, if the intersection of any two sets from the collection is the same, and we call a family of sets ${\mathcal{F}}$sunflower-free if it contains no $3$-sunflowers. Following the recent breakthrough of Ellenberg and Gijswijt (‘On large subsets of $\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$ with no three-term arithmetic progression’, Ann. of Math. (2) 185 (2017), 339–343); (‘Progression-free sets in $\mathbb{Z}_{4}^{n}$ are exponentially small’, Ann. of Math. (2) 185 (2017), 331–337) we apply the polynomial method directly to Erdős–Szemerédi sunflower problem (Erdős and Szemerédi, ‘Combinatorial properties of systems of sets’, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 24 (1978), 308–313) and prove that any sunflower-free family ${\mathcal{F}}$ of subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots ,n\}$ has size at most $$\begin{eqnarray}|{\mathcal{F}}|\leqslant 3n\mathop{\sum }_{k\leqslant n/3}\binom{n}{k}\leqslant \left(\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}\right)^{n(1+o(1))}.\end{eqnarray}$$ We say that a set $A\subset (\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z})^{n}=\{1,2,\ldots ,D\}^{n}$ for $D>2$ is sunflower-free if for every distinct triple $x,y,z\in A$ there exists a coordinate $i$ where exactly two of $x_{i},y_{i},z_{i}$ are equal. Using a version of the polynomial method with characters $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}:\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ instead of polynomials, we show that any sunflower-free set $A\subset (\mathbb{Z}/D\mathbb{Z})^{n}$ has size $$\begin{eqnarray}|A|\leqslant c_{D}^{n}\end{eqnarray}$$ where $c_{D}=\frac{3}{2^{2/3}}(D-1)^{2/3}$. This can be seen as making further progress on a possible approach to proving the Erdős and Rado sunflower conjecture (‘Intersection theorems for systems of sets’,J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 35 (1960), 85–90), which by the work of Alon et al. (‘On sunflowers and matrix multiplication’, Comput. Complexity22 (2013), 219–243; Theorem 2.6) is equivalent to proving that $c_{D}\leqslant C$ for some constant $C$ independent of $D$.
Numerical Study of Strong Interplay Between Cavity and Store During Launching
Authors: Yan P. P. , Zhang Q. F. , Li J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNumerical investigation of the strong interplay between a cavity and a store under supersonic inflow condition is conducted by using Improved Delayed Detach-Eddy Simulation (IDDES). Pressure fluctuations in the cavity are analyzed with smooth pseudo Winger-Vile distribution method and the time-frequency features are obtained. The effects of fluctuating flow inside the cavity on the aerodynamic loads of the store are also studied. It was shown that when the store is falling through the shear layer, the self-sustained oscillation loop is destroyed and the cavity tone vanishes. Vortex structures concentrate in the back of the cavity, as a result the noise levels at the rear of the cavity increase. After the store falls out of the cavity, the oblique shock wave formed at store's head interferences with the shear layer, which changes the cavity tone frequencies. The forces and moments acting on the store fluctuate strongly influenced by highly unsteady flow-field. Affected by oblique shock and the impact of shear layer, the store's pitch up angle keeps rising up and reaches to 24° at its maximum.
Effect of high-protein meal replacement on weight and cardiometabolic profile in overweight/obese Asian Indians in North India
Authors: Gulati Seema , Misra Anoop , Tiwari Rajneesh , Sharma Meenu , Pandey Ravindra M. , Yadav Chander Prakash 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HPMR) on weight and metabolic, lipid and inflammatory parameters in overweight/obese Asian Indians. In this 12-week open-label, parallel-arm randomised controlled trial, 122 overweight/obese men and women were administered either a HPMR or a control diet after 2 weeks of diet and exercise run-in. Body weight, waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (%BF), fasting blood glucose, post-oral glucose tolerance test (post-OGTT) blood glucose, fasting and post-OGTT serum insulin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), kidney function and hepatic aminotransferases were assessed before and after the intervention. Additional improvement in mean values for the following parameters in the HPMR group compared with the control group was observed: body weight, 4·9 % (95 % CI 3·8, 6·1; P<0·001); WC, 3·8 % (95 % CI 2·5, 5·1; P<0·001); %BF, 6·3 % (95 % CI 4·3, 8·2; P<0·001); systolic blood pressure, 2·8 % (95 % CI 0·4, 5·1; P=0·002); diastolic blood pressure, 3·5 % (95 % CI 0·7, 6·3; P= 0·01); post-OGTT blood glucose, 7·3 % (95 % CI 1·4, 13·1; P=0·02); total cholesterol, 2·5 % (95 % CI 1·6, 3·5; P<0·001); LDL-cholesterol, 7·3 % (95 % CI 1·7, 12·9; P<0·01); alanine aminotransferase, 22·0 % (95 % CI 2·1, 42; P=0·03) and aspartate aminotransferase, 15·2 % (95 % CI 0·9, 29·5; P=0·04). The absolute reduction in BMI was 0·9 units in the intervention arm compared with the control arm (–0·9 %, 95 % CI –1·4, –0·5; P<0·001) and in serum TAG was 11·9 mg/dl (–11·9 mg/dl, 95 % CI –21·1, –2·7; P<0·01). The reduction in fasting serum insulin in the intervention v. the control arm was 3·8 v. 0 % (P=0·002); post-OGTT serum insulin was 50·3 v. 77·3 mU/l (P=0·005); and hs-CRP, 16·7 % v. 0 % (P=0·002). These findings show that intervention with HPMR may lead to significant weight loss and improvement in obesity measures, metabolic, lipid and inflammatory parameters and hepatic transaminases in overweight/obese Asian Indians.
Biological characterization and mating compatibility ofHelicoverpa gelotopoeon(D.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from different regions in Argentina
Authors: Herrero M.I. , Fogliata S.V. , Vera A. , Casmuz A. , Sosa Gómez D. , Castagnaro A.P. , Gastaminza G. , Murúa M.G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHelicoverpa gelotopoeon, the South American bollworm, is a polyphagous pest of the Heliothinae complex that causes damage to soybean, cotton, and chickpea crops. Some species within this complex have developed resistance to genetically modified crops and insecticides, which has led to increased interest in their genetic diversity and population structure. The objective of this study was to characterize biological and reproductive parameters of two populations ofH. gelotopoeoncollected in two different provinces of Argentina. Intra- and inter-population crosses revealed thatH. gelotopoeonpopulations from both regions of Argentina did not present evidence of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic incompatibility, suggesting that Tucumán and Córdoba populations ofH. gelotopoeonbelong to a single wide-ranging species. Our data support the occurrence of substantial gene flow betweenH. gelotopoeonpopulations, probably due to the widely documented, long-range migratory capacity of Heliothinae species.
EFFECTS OF PLANTING SYSTEMS AND STRAW MULCHING ON CARBON EMISSIONS AND WINTER WHEAT GRAIN YIELD IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN
Authors: REN YUJIE , GAO CHAO , YAN ZHENXING , ZONG RUI , MA YUZHAO , LI QUANQI 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYTo explore effective ways to decrease soil CO2 emission and increase winter wheat grain yield in the North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted using two planting systems (wide-precision planting and conventional-cultivation planting) and two straw mulching rates (0 and 0.6 kg m−2) to study carbon emission, carbon cumulative emission flux, grain yield and yield carbon utilization efficiency. In the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 winter wheat growing seasons, CO2 emission rate and cumulative CO2-C fluxes following straw mulching treatment were significantly lower than those following non-mulching treatments, whereas the yield carbon utilization efficiency was significant higher following straw mulching treatment. Straw mulching significantly reduced winter wheat grain yield, which was mainly due to the significant decrease in spike numbers and 1000-kernel weight. However, wide-precision planting system significantly increased winter wheat grain yields by increasing spike numbers under straw mulching conditions. Therefore, wide-precision planting system could compensate for the reduction in winter wheat grain yield under carbon sequestration conditions in the North China Plain.
AN IMPERIAL APOSTLE? ST PAUL, PROTESTANT CONVERSION, AND SOUTH ASIAN CHRISTIANITY
Authors: DAS SHINJINI 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article explores the locally specific (re)construction of a biblical figure, the Apostle St Paul, in India, to unravel the entanglement of religion with British imperial ideology on the one hand, and to understand the dynamics of colonial conversion on the other. Over the nineteenth century, evangelical pamphlets and periodicals heralded St Paul as the ideal missionary, who championed conversion to Christianity but within an imperial context: that of the first-century Roman Mediterranean. Through an examination of missionary discourses, along with a study of Indian (Hindu and Islamic) intellectual engagement with Christianity including Bengali convert narratives, this article studies St Paul as a reference point for understanding the contours of ‘vernacular Christianity’ in nineteenth-century India. Drawing upon colonial Christian publications mainly from Bengal, the article focuses on the multiple reconfigurations of Paul: as a crucial mascot of Anglican Protestantism, as a justification of British imperialism, as an ideological resource for anti-imperial sentiments, and as a theological inspiration for Hindu reform and revivalist organization.
GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN POLITICAL THOUGHT
Authors: BECKER ANNA 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the history of early modern political thought, gender is not well established as a subject. It seems that early modern politics and its philosophical underpinnings are characterized by an exclusion of women from the political sphere. This article shows that it is indeed possible to write a gendered history of early modern political thought that transcends questions of the structural exclusion of women from political participation. Through a nuanced reading of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century commentaries on Aristotle's practical philosophy, it deconstructs notions on the public/political and private/apolitical divide and reconstructs that early modern thinkers saw the relationship of husband and wife as deeply political. The article argues that it is both necessary and possible to write gender in and into the history of political thought in a historically sound and firmly contextual way that avoids anachronisms, and it shows – as Joan Scott has suggested – that gender is indeed a ‘useful category’ in the history of political thought.
Using milk leukocyte differentials for diagnosis of subclinical bovine mastitis
Authors: Gonçalves Juliano Leonel , Lyman Roberta L. , Hockett Mitchell , Rodriguez Rudy , dos Santos Marcos Veiga , Anderson Kevin L. 
Published: June 2017

This research study aimed to evaluate the use of the milk leukocyte differential (MLD) to: (a) identify quarter milks that are culture-positive; and (b) characterize the milk leukocyte responses to specific groups of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis. The MLD measures the absolute number and relative percentage of inflammatory cells in milk samples. Using the MLD in two dairy herds (170 and 172 lactating cows, respectively), we studied all lactating cows with a most recent monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association somatic cell count (SCC) >200 × 103 cells/ml. Quarter milk samples from 78 cows meeting study criteria were analysed by MLD and aseptically collected milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture (MC). Based upon automated instrument evaluation of the number and percentage of inflammatory cells in milk, samples were designated as either MLD-positive or – negative for subclinicial mastitis. Positive MC were obtained from 102/156 (65·4%) of MLD-positive milk samples, and 28/135 (20·7%) of MLD-negative milk samples were MC-positive. When MC was considered the gold standard for mastitis diagnosis, the calculated diagnostic Se of the MLD was 65·4% (IC95% = 57·4 to 72·8%) and the Sp was 79·3% (IC95% = 71·4 to 85·7%). Quarter milks positive on MC had higher absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, with higher neutrophils% and lymphocytes% but lower macrophages%. The Log10 (N/L) ratios were the most useful ratio to differentiate specific subclinical mastitis quarters from healthy quarters. Use of the MLD on cows with monthly composite SCC > 200 × 103 cells/ml for screening at quarter level identified quarters more likely to be culture-positive.In conclusion, the MLD can provide an analysis of mammary quarter status more detailed than provided by SCC alone; however, the MLD response to subclinical mastitis was not found useful to specifically identify the causative pathogen.
Squarefree doubly primitive divisors in dynamical sequences
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , NGUYEN KHOA D. , TUCKER THOMAS J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLetKbe a number field or a function field of characteristic 0, letφ∈K(z) with deg(φ) ⩾ 2, and letα∈ ℙ1(K). LetSbe a finite set of places ofKcontaining all the archimedean ones and the primes whereφhas bad reduction. After excluding all the natural counterexamples, we define a subsetA(φ,α) of ℤ⩾0× ℤ>0and show that for all but finitely many (m,n) ∈A(φ,α) there is a prime 𝔭 ∉Ssuch that ord𝔭(φm+n(α)−φm(α)) = 1 andαhas portrait (m,n) under the action ofφmodulo 𝔭. This latter condition implies ord𝔭(φu+v(α)−φu(α)) ⩽ 0 for (u,v) ∈ ℤ⩾0× ℤ>0satisfyingu<morv<n. Our proof assumes a conjecture of Vojta for ℙ1× ℙ1in the number field case and is unconditional in the function field case thanks to a deep theorem of Yamanoi. This paper extends earlier work of Ingram–Silverman, Faber–Granville and the authors.
Cryptic and cumulative impacts on the wintering habitat of the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) risk its long-term viability
Authors: PICKETT EVAN J. , CHAN MELANIE , CHENG WENDA , ALLCOCK JOHN , CHAN SIMBA , HU JUNHUA , LEE KISUP , SMITH BENA , XING SHUANG , YU YAT-TUNG , BONEBRAKE TIMOTHY C. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYThe East Asian–Australasian flyway contains some of the most threatened habitats in the world, with at least 155 waterbird species reliant on the tidal habitats it comprises. The black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is an iconic endangered species distributed across the coast of East Asia. Its population suffered a severe decline into the 1990s, but extensive monitoring and conservation interventions have aided a substantial recovery of the species. We used a population viability analysis based on data collected over the past two decades in conjunction with species distribution models to project spatially explicit models of population change for the next 35 years. Over nearly all scenarios of habitat loss and climate change, the global spoonbill population was projected to increase in the short-term due to low population numbers likely well below current population carrying capacities. However, climate change and habitat loss together threaten the recovery of the spoonbill population such that, by 2050, population declines are apparent as a consequence of these cumulative impacts. These threats are also cryptic and represent a challenge to the conservation of species recovering from anthropogenic impacts; observed population increases can hide large reductions in habitat suitability that threaten the long-term viability of species.