bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Fitting Method for Type Ia Supernova Light Curves: A Case Study of SN 2011fe
Authors: Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present a new empirical fitting method for the optical light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We find that a variant broken-power-law function provides a good fit, with the simple assumption that the optical emission is approximately the blackbody emission of the expanding fireball. This function is mathematically analytic and is derived directly from the photospheric velocity evolution. When deriving the function, we assume that both the blackbody temperature and photospheric velocity are constant, but the final function is able to accommodate these changes during the fitting procedure. Applying it to the case study of SN 2011fe gives a surprisingly good fit that can describe the light curves from the first-light time to a few weeks after peak brightness, as well as over a large range of fluxes (∼5 mag, and even ∼7 mag in the g band). Since SNe Ia share similar light-curve shapes, this fitting method has the potential to fit most other SNe Ia and characterize their properties in large statistical samples such as those already gathered and in the near future as new facilities become available.
CD4:CD8 Ratio Comparison between Cohorts of HIV-Positive Asians and Caucasians upon Commencement of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors:   the Australian HIV Observational Database,   the TREATAsia HIV Observational Database, Petoumenos Kathy , Choi Jun Yong , Hoy Jennifer , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Ng Oon Tek , Boyd Mark , Rajasuriar Reena , Law Matthew 
Published: March 2017

Background In the era of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) CD4:CD8 ratio is proposed as a potential marker for HIV-positive (HIV+) patients at increased risk for non-AIDS comorbidities. The current study aims to compare CD4:CD8 ratio between Asian and Caucasian HIV+ patients. Methods HIV+ patients from the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) and the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) meeting specific criteria were included. In these analyses Asian and Caucasian status were defined by cohort. Factors associated with a low CD4:CD8 ratio (cutoff <0.2) prior to ART commencement, and with achieving a normal CD4:CD8 ratio (>1) at 12 and 24 months post ART commencement were assessed using logistic regression. Results There were 591 patients from AHOD and 2,620 patients from TAHOD who met the inclusion criteria. TAHOD patients had a significantly ( P<0.001) lower odds of having a baseline (prior to ART initiation) CD4:CD8 ratio greater than 0.2. After 12 months of ART, AHOD patients were more than twice as likely to achieve a normal CD4:CD8 ratio compared to TAHOD patients (15% versus 6%). However, after adjustment for confounding factors there was no significant difference between cohorts in the odds of achieving a CD4:CD8 ratio >1 ( P=0.475). Conclusions We found a significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratio prior to commencing ART in TAHOD compared to AHOD even after adjusting for confounders. However, after adjustment, there was no significant difference between the cohorts in odds of achieving normal ratio. Baseline CD4+ and CD8+ counts seem to be the main driver for this difference between these two populations.
Knowledge of Appropriate Prescription of Dental Radiographs among Interns of Two Dental Institutes of Belagavi City: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Tyagi Parul , Naik Zameera , Sequeira Maria Ana Karina Erica De Piedade 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To assess the level of knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs amongst Interns of two dental institutes of Belagavi city.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 interns of 2 dental institutes of Belagavi city. The knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs was assessed using a structured, close ended and self-designed questionnaire.

Results
Knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs was significantly lower in Institute 1 than Institute 2 (p=0.001*).Only a small % of 33.76 and 38.66 of interns of institutes 1,2 respectively had an above average knowledge. Thus, it is inferred that the awareness level of interns of correct prescription of radiographs is lower than expected.

Conclusion
The lack of awareness could be due to various factors such as a lack of previous knowledge, inadequate quality and quantity of educational courses and so on. Thus, students should receive the necessary education on correct prescription of radiographs to ensure their correct prescription, circumventing unnecessary exposure and their consequent detrimental effects.

Clinical significance
Radiographic examination is an important diagnostic tool used by dentists leading to an increased exposure to radiation. However, unessential exposure may lead to detrimental effects such as mutations, genetic changes and so on. One efficient way of decreasing exposure is to avoid their application when not indicated. Thus, it is the professional duty of a dentist to have adequate and accurate knowledge of prescription of radiographs. The present study shows the necessity to optimize educational tools to increase the theoretical knowledge of students and consequently improve clinical application of the knowledge gained.

How to cite this article
Tyagi P, Naik Z, De Piedade Sequeira MAKE. Knowledge of Appropriate Prescription of Dental Radiographs among Interns of Two Dental Institutes of Belagavi City: A Questionnaire Study. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):61-65.
Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign
Authors: Luce Hubert , Kantha Lakshmi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Lawrence Dale , Yabuki Masanori , Tsuda Toshitaka , Mixa Tyler 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. New comparisons between the square of the generalized potential refractive index gradient M2, estimated from the very high-frequency (VHF) Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) Radar, located at Shigaraki, Japan, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements are presented. These comparisons were performed at unprecedented temporal and range resolutions (1–4 min and  ∼  20 m, respectively) in the altitude range  ∼  1.27–4.5 km from simultaneous and nearly collocated measurements made during the ShUREX (Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment) 2015 campaign. Seven consecutive UAV flights made during daytime on 7 June 2015 were used for this purpose. The MU Radar was operated in range imaging mode for improving the range resolution at vertical incidence (typically a few tens of meters). The proportionality of the radar echo power to M2 is reported for the first time at such high time and range resolutions for stratified conditions for which Fresnel scatter or a reflection mechanism is expected. In more complex features obtained for a range of turbulent layers generated by shear instabilities or associated with convective cloud cells, M2 estimated from UAV data does not reproduce observed radar echo power profiles. Proposed interpretations of this discrepancy are presented.
Impact of nutrition on the quality and quantity of cauliflower florets
Authors: Uher Anton , Mezeyová Ivana , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Šlosár Miroslav 
Published: March 2017

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) as a member of the family Brassicaceae belongs to worldwide popular vegetable with using in all kinds of cuisine. The aim of the work was to find out the effects of nutrition and fertilization (in dependence on the amount of nitrogen) on the yield of florets as well as on selected qualitative characteristics - vitamin C, nitrate and sulforaphane content. Analyses were done by the help of liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detector for separation. The trial was led in Nitra, Slovakia, in 2014 - 2015. Cauliflower variety CHARLOT F1 was selected for testing. Four variants have been examined in the trial: control (without application of fertilizers), N150S80 (application of nitrogen and sulphur at the supply level N: S = 150:80 kg.ha-1), N200S80 and N250S80. Application of nitrogen led to significant increasing of the yields of primary cauliflower florets in case of the dose 200 and 250 kg N.ha-1 (increasing about 87% and 134% compared to control). Applied nitrogen nutrition caused significant nitrates increasing in monitored cauliflower florets in order of the variants: 1 (control) <2 (N = 150 kg.ha-1) <3 (N = 200 kg.ha-1) <4 (N = 250 kg.ha-1), but the highest dosage of nitrates is still under the permissible standard according to Food codex of Slovak republic (700 mg.kg-1 of FM). The influence of differentiated nutrition on sulforaphane content was statistically confirmed in case of the 4th variant in comparison to control, where the decrease about 40% was noticed. Influence of nitrogen fertilizing according to used methodology on vitamin C (AA) content was not statistically confirmed. The nutrient concentration in the curds and stalks of cauliflower varied insignificantly with levels of nitrogen applied.
The Authority of Currency in Cormac McCarthy'sBlood Meridian
Authors: Robison John Mark 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMultiple McCarthy scholars have written about Blood Meridian as a commentary on the development of the geopolitical and legal structures of the modern United States. This article attempts to do the same with shifts in economic structures. These shifts manifest themselves in the novel through the motif of coins and specie, objects that Glanton and his men grant an authority to that is almost absolute. Coins emerge repeatedly throughout the novel, ascending nearly to the realm of the supernatural. This culminates in the coldforger scene in which the authority of currency is seen to be the judge's central aim. The judge's attempts to kill the kid can then be partially connected with his refusal to accept the authority of currency, a reading justified by the correspondence of their encounter in the jakes with important historical developments in American currency.
Nietzschean Pragmatism
Authors: Sinhababu Neil 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Nietzschean pragmatism is the view that one should believe whatever best promotes life, even things that are untrue because they fail to correspond to reality. Nietzsche expresses this view in early sections of Beyond Good and Evil. While he rejects all objective value including that of truth, his view that passions can give their objects subjective value suggests valuing beliefs that promote life. The second essay of the Untimely Meditations applies Nietzschean pragmatism to the study of history.
Nietzsche, Naturalism, and Normativity: A Reply to Brian Leiter and Peter Kail
Authors: Emden Christian J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this article I respond to Brian Leiter's and Peter Kail's critiques of my book, Nietzsche's Naturalism: Philosophy and the Life Sciences in the Nineteenth Century. While Leiter's and Kail's analytic reconstructions of Nietzsche's naturalism prioritize a psychological reading, I argue for a philosophically oriented historical contextualization of Nietzsche's position. The latter situates his naturalism in the context of the nineteenth-century life sciences and early neo-Kantianism. While Leiter views normativity as based on irreducible mental states, and while Kail denies outright that Nietzsche is even concerned with normativity, I suggest that Nietzsche's understanding of the emergence of norms and values is best understood along biological lines. As such, his naturalism holds that what we regard as normative—as belonging to the world of knowledge and morality but also to the world of affect—is already constitutive of our existence and agency as natural beings.
“Under the Stimulus of Great Epidemics”: Reformers, Epidemics, and the Rise of State Level Public Health in Pennsylvania, 1872–1905
Authors: Higgins James E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Though Pennsylvania was a prosperous industrial state and home to a great many medical institutions, it was among the last to constitute state-level public health organs. Pennsylvania's first public health organization, the Board of Health, was founded in 1885 and was ineffectual. Its second public health organ, the Department of Health, founded in 1905, rapidly gained a reputation as the strongest state health department in the nation. Though the aims and powers of the two organizations were vastly different, they were linked by the central role that epidemics played in motivating the legislature to pass bills that founded the organizations. Chief among the outbreaks that compelled the legislature to act in the best interests of the commonwealth's health were epidemics of typhoid in Plymouth in 1885 and Butler in 1903. This article explores the link between epidemic outbreaks during a twenty-year period and the state's public health organizations.
Um milhão de revendedoras de cosméticos: aspectos de um trabalho amórfico e o novo panorama do mundo do trabalho
Authors: Alves Santos Silvio Matheus 
Published: March 2017

Resenha de: ABÍLIO, Ludmila Costhek. Sem maquiagem: o trabalho de um milhão de revendedoras de cosméticos. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2014, 240p. (Coleção Mundo do Trabalho).
Een feitenrijke wetenschap biedt nog geen antwoord op post-waarheid politiek
Authors: Dijstelbloem Huub 
Published: March 2017

An actual science has no answer to post-truth politics
In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.‘Fact free politics’ and ‘post-truth politics’ are considered to pose a severe threat to democracies as they seem to ruin shared perceptions of reality and render it impossible to distinguish opinion from fact. However, it is questionable whether fueling public and political debates with scientific facts offers a counterweight. First, scientific facts are not free from interpretation and can be regarded as ‘theory-laden’. Second, scientific research may determine facts but it may not claim the monopoly to determine the public meaning attached to these facts. Third, facts not only function to explain or to describe reality, they also affect reality. Given these considerations, the ‘science versus fact free politics’ debate could profit from a more realistic view on the status of facts.
Een verkenning van de vorderingsbevoegdheid van de Wet op de economische delicten
Authors: van der Zon G.J. , Dallau L.E.M. 
Published: March 2017

Een verkenning van de vorderingsbevoegdheid van de Wet op de economische delicten
De ruimere bevoegdheden die de Wet op de economische delicten kent in vergelijking met het Wetboek van Strafvordering worden in de opsporingspraktijk te weinig benut.
Buitenlandse corruptie in Nederland en de VS: een geschikte aanpak?
Authors: Hofstee Mr. J.I.P. 
Published: March 2017

Buitenlandse corruptie in Nederland en de VS: een geschikte aanpak?
Hoewel handhaving van de in 2001 geïntroduceerde strafbaarstelling van buitenlandse ambtelijke omkoping in eerste instantie uitbleef, hebben grensoverschrijdende corruptieschandalen inmiddels tot de hoogste schikkingen in de Nederlandse geschiedenis geleid. In deze bijdrage wordt aandacht besteed aan de overeenkomsten tussen de aanpak van buitenlandse corruptie door Nederland en de handhaving van de FCPA in de VS. Als de Nederlandse schikkingen onder de loep worden genomen, blijkt dat er niet alleen wat betreft de afdoeningsmodaliteit zelf, maar tevens ten aanzien van de voorwaarden bij de schikkingen gelijkenissen te ontdekken zijn. Anders dan in de VS zijn deze voorwaarden echter niet in het beleid van het OM terug te vinden.
Educación rural y la adquisición de competencias laborales: una innovación mediante el uso de recursos digitales
Authors: Salgado Vivas Efrén , Pintor Chávez María Manuela , Gómez Zermeño Marcela Georgina 
Published: March 2017

<p>El presente artículo muestra un estudio realizado con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones de los participantes sobre la implementación de recursos tecnológicos en las instituciones educativas para el desarrollo de competencias laborales en el sector agrícola. Se realizó la implementación de dos recursos tecnológicos: Redes Sociales y Biblioteca Digital. La investigación se llevó a cabo aplicando el método mixto en un diseño convergente paralelo,<br />por medio de tres instrumentos: encuesta de caracterización, entrevista a grupo focal, y encuesta de satisfacción de herramientas, en tres Instituciones ubicadas en el Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, donde participaron 63 estudiantes de entre los 14 y 17 años de edad de los grupos del grado 10°. Los resultados permitieron establecer tres criterios que influyen en procesos de innovación mediante el uso de herramientas tecnológicas. El primer criterio se relaciona con las Competencias Laborales, las cuales generan oportunidades, arraigo y sentido de pertenencia de los estudiantes frente a sus regiones y sitios de ubicación y también generan opciones de mejor calidad de vida. El segundo criterio se estableció con respecto a los contenidos para la interacción de los estudiantes deben manejar temas relevantes. El tercer criterio se refiere al mejoramiento de la estructura tecnológica, ya que las falencias en conectividad limitan el manejo de los recursos tecnológicos. Se concluye que es necesario adaptar los procesos educativos a las condiciones y contexto de los estudiantes.</p>
La atención a la diversidad desde la perspectiva de estudiantes del Máster de Educación Secundaria de la Universidad de Jaén
Authors: Pegalajar Palomino M.ª del Carmen 
Published: March 2017

<p>El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las percepciones hacia la atención a la diversidad en estudiantes del Máster en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria (n=99). Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología descriptiva, llevándose a cabo la recogida de datos mediante<br />un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados revelan cómo el alumnado considera la atención a la diversidad como un deber del centro educativo, capaz de enriquecer a toda la comunidad educativa; manifiesta haber recibido una adecuada formación sobre atención a la diversidad, por lo que se encuentran suficientemente capacitados como para afrontar dicho reto. No obstante, y para éste último aspecto, se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo más favorables para los estudiantes de la especialidad de Formación y Orientación Laboral que para los de Matemáticas e Informática.</p><p> </p>
Computer modelling reveals new conformers of the ATP binding loop of Na+/K+-ATPase involved in the transphosphorylation process of the sodium pump
Authors: Tejral Gracian , Sopko Bruno , Necas Alois , Schoner Wilhelm , Amler Evzen 
Published: March 2017

Hydrolysis of ATP by Na+/K+-ATPase, a P-Type ATPase, catalyzing active Na+and K+transport through cellular membranes leads transiently to a phosphorylation of its catalyticalα-subunit. Surprisingly, three-dimensional molecular structure analysis of P-type ATPases reveals that binding of ATP to the N-domain connected by a hinge to the P-domain is much too far away from the Asp369to allow the transfer of ATP’s terminal phosphate to its aspartyl-phosphorylation site. In order to get information for how the transfer of theγ-phosphate group of ATP to the Asp369is achieved, analogous molecular modeling of the M4–M5loop of ATPase was performed using the crystal data of Na+/K+-ATPase of different species. Analogous molecular modeling of the cytoplasmic loop between Thr338and Ile760of theα2-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and the analysis of distances between the ATP binding site and phosphorylation site revealed the existence of two ATP binding sites in the open conformation; the first one close to Phe475in the N-domain, the other one close to Asp369in the P-domain. However, binding of Mg2+•ATP to any of these sites in the “open conformation” may not lead to phosphorylation of Asp369. Additional conformations of the cytoplasmic loop were found wobbling between “open conformation” <==> “semi-open conformation <==> “closed conformation” in the absence of 2Mg2+•ATP. The cytoplasmic loop’s conformational change to the “semi-open conformation”—characterized by a hydrogen bond between Arg543and Asp611—triggers by binding of 2Mg2+•ATP to a single ATP site and conversion to the “closed conformation” the phosphorylation of Asp369in the P-domain, and hence the start of Na+/K+-activated ATP hydrolysis.
Global changes of extreme coastal wave energy fluxes triggered by intensified teleconnection patterns
Authors: Mentaschi Lorenzo , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Dosio Alessandro , Feyen Luc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study we conducted a comprehensive modeling analysis to identify global trends in extreme wave energy flux (WEF) along coastlines in the 21st century under a high emission pathway (Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5). For the end of the century, results show a significant increase up to 30% in 100 year return level WEF for the majority of the coastal areas of the southern temperate zone, while in the Northern Hemisphere large coastal areas are characterized by a significant negative trend. We show that the most significant long‐term trends of extreme WEF can be explained by intensification of teleconnection patterns such as the Antarctic Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. The projected changes will have broad implications for ocean engineering applications and disaster risk management. Especially low‐lying coastal countries in the Southern Hemisphere will be particularly vulnerable due to the combined effects of projected relative sea level rise and more extreme wave activities.
Impact of Southeast Asian smoke on aerosol properties in Southwest China: First comparison of model simulations with satellite and ground observations
Authors: Zhu Jun , Xia Xiangao , Wang Jun , Zhang Jinqiang , Wiedinmyer Christine , Fisher Jenny A. , Keller Christoph A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSmoke aerosols have been observed in Southwest China as a result of long‐range transport from surrounding areas in March and April. The processes driving this transport and the resultant impact on regional aerosol optical properties are studied here through a combined use of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem chemistry transport model in conjunction with satellite and the first‐ever ground‐based observations in the Southwest China. The potential biomass burning source regions as well as their respective contributions to aerosol loading in Southwest China are quantified. Compared to Sun photometer observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm at eight stations in the study region (10–28°N, 90–115°E, comprising Northeast India, Indo‐China Peninsula, and Southwest and South China), the AOD simulated by GEOS‐Chem (nested grid with 0.5° × 0.667° resolution) by using the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research shows an average bias of −0.17 during January 2012 to May 2013. However, during the biomass burning months (March–April), the simulated AOD is much improved with a bias of −0.04. Model sensitivity experiments show that biomass burning in Burma and Northeast India is the largest contributor to smoke AOD (~88%) and total AOD (~57%) over Kunming, an urban site in Southwest China. Case studies on 21–23 March 2013 show that the smoke layer in Northeast India and North Burma can extend from the surface to 4 km and then be transported to Southwest China by prevailing westerly airflow. Model‐simulated AOD and vertical distribution of aerosols are respectively in good agreement with satellite measurements from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization.