bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FILOSOFIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DE ERASMO DE ROTTERDAM E ROUSSEAU
Authors: Nascimento Sidnei Francisco do 
Published: July 2016

Erasmo e Rousseau concordavam com o cuidado que os pais deveriam ter com a escolha da ama de leite. Criticavam o despotismo dos professores e o método de ensino que não respeitasse a liberdade e a individualidade da criança. Propagavam uma religiosidade sincera e interior sem ritos e formalismos e concebiam como princípio de uma boa educação a formação intelectual e moral baseada em suas concepções sobre a natureza.Palavras-chave: Erasmo. Rousseau. Religião. Educação. Razão. Natureza. PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAMAND ROUSSEAUAbstract: Erasmus and Rousseau agreed in relation to the caution that parents should have when choosing awet-nurse. They criticized teachers’ despotism and teaching methods that did not respect the children’s freedom andindividuality. They spread an inner and sincere religiosity, without rites and formality and understood as the principlefor good education the intellectual and moral formation that was based on their conception on nature.Keywords: Erasmus. Rousseau. Religion. Education. Reason. Nature. FILOSOFIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DE ERASMO DE ROTTERDAM Y ROUSSEAUResumen: Erasmus y Rousseau estuvieron de acuerdo con la atención que los padres deben tener la opción de nodriza. Criticado el despotismo de los profesores y el método de enseñanza que no respeta la libertad y la individualidad del niño. Se propaga una religiosidad sincera e interior sin ritos y formalidades y concebido como un principio de una buena educación la formación intelectual y moral basado en sus puntos de vista sobre la naturaleza.Palabras-clave: Erasmus. Rousseau. La religión. La educación. La razón. La naturaleza.
DIÁLOGO POSSÍVEL SOBRE LIBERDADE E POLÍTICA: Hannah Arendt e Rousseau
Authors: Serra Maria Olilia 
Published: July 2016

Apresenta-se a reflexão de Hannah Arendt sobre a compaixão no contexto da Revolução Francesa, com ênfase para a referência a Rousseau. Em sua obra Sobre a Revolução, a autora enfatiza que, a despeito de preconceitos, a liberdade sempre foi o objetivo das Revoluções. Nesse sentido, direciona sua reflexão para as Revoluções Modernas, principalmente para o papel desempenhado pela questão social. Ao examinar a Revolução Francesa, Arendt destaca que a opção dos homens da Revolução pela compaixão que foi elevada à categoria de virtude política, foi inspirada em Rousseau. Mas, para Arendt, é a amizade e não a compaixão que tem relevância política. Palavras-chave: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Liberdade. Política. Revolução. DIALOGUE POSSIBLE ON FREEDOM AND POLITICS: Hannah Arendt and Rousseau Abstract: It presents Hannah Arendt’s reflection about compassion in the context of the French Revolution, withemphasis for the reference to Rousseau. In her work On revolution, the author emphasizes that, despite prejudices,freedom has always been the goal of the revolutions. Accordingly, she directs her reflection to the Modern Revolutions,mostly to the role played by social issues. When examining the French Revolution, Arendt emphasizes that theoption of men of the revolution for the compassion that was elevated to the cathegory of political virtue, was inspiredby Rousseau. But for Arendt, it is friendship not compassion that has political relevance.Keywords: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Freedom. Policy. Revolution. POSIBLE DIALOGO SOBRE LA LIBERTAD Y LA POLÍTICA: Hannah Arendt y RousseauResumen: Presentamos la reflexión de Arendt sobre la compasión en el contexto de la Revolución Francesa, con énfasis para la referencia a Rousseau. En su obra Sobre la revolución, el autor subraya que, a pesar de los prejuicios, libertad siempre ha sido el objetivo de las revoluciones. En consecuencia, dirige su reflexión a las revoluciones modernas, sobre todo al papel desempeñado por las cuestiones sociales. Al examinar la Revolución francesa, Arendt enfatiza que la opción de los hombres de la revolución por la compasión que fue elevada a la categoría de virtud política, fue inspirada por Rousseau. Pero para Arendt, la amistad y la compasión no tiene relevancia política. Palabras clave: Hannah Arendt. Rousseau. Libertad . Política . Revolución.
Scaphoid and Lunate Dislocation with Complete Soft-Tissue Avulsion
Authors: Phan Kevin H. , Azimi Hassan J. , Franko Orrin I. , Abrams Reid A. 
Published: July 2016

Case:
We describe an intercarpal dislocation with proximal and rotatory displacement of the lunate and with volar and radial dislocation of the scaphoid; both bones were stripped of soft tissue. Treatment involved ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation). Three years postoperatively, the patient had a DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score of 10, equivalent grip strength and 50% wrist palmar flexion and 98% wrist dorsiflexion compared with the uninjured side, and radiographic evidence of posttraumatic arthritis.

Conclusion:
Treatment of simultaneous divergent lunate and scaphoid dislocation with loss of nearly all soft-tissue attachments and vascular supply by means of ORIF and repair of soft-tissue structures can result in a favorable intermediate-term functional outcome and may be superior to other salvage procedures such as proximal row carpectomy.
Invited Perspective: Switch: Coming Your Way
Authors: Haldorsen Helge Hove 
Published: July 2016

President's column
Questions posed by 2015 SPE President Helge Hove Haldorsen Answers provided by Professor Scott Tinker, Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin (UT)
This is my last JPT column as your 2015 SPE President. Come end-September at the Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) in Houston, you will witness “the switch” to 2016 SPE President Nathan Meehan. There is another, much slower switch going on as well.
Recently, the G7 members (Council on Foreign Relations 2015) announced their ambition to switch away from fossil fuels altogether 85 years from now in 2100. They also agreed to make a switch in electricity generation by 2050 so that 100% of electricity generation comes from “clean” sources from this time onward. This call to long-term decarbonification action, if followed up by laws, rules, regulations, incentives, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) tax, will give new momentum to a long-term global energy-mix switch away from fossil fuels.
This “85 years from now ambition” must, of course, be held up the against the “next 30-plus year projection” that more, not less, oil and gas will be needed during this period (Figs. 1 and 2).
Holding these two seemingly conflicting thoughts in our minds at the same time is difficult, but very important. Being for fossil fuels until new viable energy sources are ready to take over does not mean being against alternative energy and renewables and massive “Manhattan Project”-style research and development to make them viable.
On the contrary, as pointed out by Alex Epstein in his book The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels, if we look at the big picture of fossil fuels (which provide more than 80% of the global energy supply in 2015 while sun, wind, and geothermal provide 1% to 2%) compared with the alternatives, the overall impact is to make the world a far better place. This is why exploration and production (E&P) professionals for the foreseeable future will continue to have “making the world a better place” in their job descriptions.
Early Kick Detection: Testing New Concepts
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: July 2016

Kick Detection
After the 2010 subsea blowout of the Macondo well that resulted in 11 deaths and the worst oil spill in US history, early kick detection technology found itself at the top of the wish list for regulators and offshore companies seeking to avoid similar accidents. The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill concluded that the crew lacked both training and the technology to recognize the critical signs that a kick was occurring.
“If noticed, those signs would have allowed the rig crew to shut in the well before hydrocarbons entered the riser and thereby prevent the blowout,” the commission said.
Five years since the accident, there has been limited progress made in advancing kick detection for conventional, or open-to- atmosphere drilling. One reason is that kick detection is complicated, involving a mishmash of sensor readings that must be correctly interpreted. Because of this, many of the existing kick detection technologies suffer from a high rate of false alarms and only function under certain drilling conditions.
These issues prompted Shell to partner with National Oilwell Varco and Noble Drilling to create what it calls a “smart” kick detection system. Brian Tarr, a principal well engineer who leads the work on well control technology at Shell, discussed the project at the recent SPE Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section Symposium in London.
Shell thinks that improved reliability will lead to an automated kick detection and reaction system. But there is yet another problem with developing this type of technology. Despite the importance expressed by both industry and regulators, there remain no defined standards.
“We haven’t really focused on measurements associated with kick detection in our industry. If you go and look at industry requirements for kick detection systems, it basically says you have to have a measurement,” without spelling out the requirements for accuracy or redundancy, he said.
Sustaining Economic Operations With Low-Price Oil
Authors: Pickering Julian , Sengupta Samit 
Published: July 2016

Management
What does USD 60/bbl crude mean to the oil industry? We all know that oil prices are volatile and that we have seen oil in the USD 60/bbl price range before, but not since 2008.
How did the upstream industry respond then? The short answer is that it did what it is doing now: Projects were canceled, drilling and production were cut, petroleum revenue taxes declined significantly, and many staff in operator, service, and supporting companies left the industry through redundancy or early retirements. In short, the industry felt extremely sorry for itself.
The big difference between 2008 and 2015 is the state of the global economy. In early 2008, global demand for oil had been growing rapidly as countries such as China and India were evolving as major consumers and starting to add significantly to the traditional demand from highly developed countries. By the middle of the year, the world oil market was thrown into financial chaos as many global economies fell into recession. There was suddenly a glut of oil as consumer demand plummeted. OPEC, which at the time controlled about 40% of global oil output, responded by implementing its deepest ever cut in supply but even this did not protect the price. There was just too much oil available compared with global consumption requirements.
By the end of 2012, statistics from the US Energy Information Administration confirmed that the picture of global oil consumption had changed significantly. By this time, China had grown to be the second-largest consumer of world oil with Japan in third place and India in fourth. This was a turning point as the new world oil markets could no longer accept major cuts in global production to bolster prices. So in 2015, it looks as though the oil industry will have to sustain production at a lower revenue price, which means that it will have to work smarter.
An important innovation since 2008 is the growth of integrated operations, also known as the “digital oil field,” which enables increased efficiency in operator companies. Integrated operations allow businesses to optimize their resources of staff, money, and facilities through enhanced collaboration, improved workflows, and remote monitoring of critical operations in drilling and production.
Adoption so far has been patchy: Some companies have taken integrated operations fully on board while others have made only partial use of it and some have not adopted it at all. In this new low oil price climate, we believe that integrated operations could be the critical factor that enables sustainable economic operations.
Net-Pay Optimization and Improved Mapping With Look-Around LWD Measurements
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 171856, “Net-Pay Optimization and Improved Reservoir Mapping From Ultradeep Look-Around Logging-While-Drilling Measurements,” by Frank Antonsen, Per Atle Olsen, Stein Ottar Stalheim, Monica Vik Constable, Matthieu Irondelle, Michael Cook, and Trond Rognebakke Bjørstad, Statoil, and Christophe Dupuis, Philippe Marza, Jean Seydoux, Dzevat Omeragic, and Jean-Michel Denichou, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2014 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 10–13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper discusses ultradeep directional-resistivity (DDR) logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements for high-angle and horizontal wells that have been applied recently with success on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS). The main benefits from the DDR measurements in the license have been to maximize reservoir exposure by active geosteering, optimize well placement above the oil/ water contact (OWC), and increase subsurface understanding.
Background
More than 50% of all production wells today on the NCS are highly deviated or horizontal. An operator has tested DDR measurements since 2009. This new while-drilling technology, with its increased depth of investigation and ability to interpret multiple boundaries above and below the wellbore, is regarded as a key technology in reaching the ambitious target recovery rate of 70%.
Fig. 1 presents the bottomhole-assembly (BHA) architecture for the first DDR LWD tool with depth of investigation in excess of 30 m away from the borehole. The tool architecture consists of a set of subs spaced out on a BHA providing multispacing, multifrequency azimuthal measurements. With these measurements, a multilayer inversion generates a mapping of the resistivity distribution above and below the borehole. Differentiating this technology from standard image logs, the relative dip of the formation layer can be determined not only at the trajectory, but also away from the trajectory. In addition to the 1D (layer-cake) resistivity mapping, the tool provides an orientation of the map perpendicular to the formation-structure planes.
Technology Focus: Subsea Technology (August 2015)
Authors: Kelly Tom 
Published: July 2016

Technology Focus
Achieving equipment standardization has been an objective for operators and suppliers for my entire career. There have been a number of industrywide gatherings with the objective of driving standardization, with varied and limited levels of success. Today, the need for standardization of subsea equipment has never been greater. With the drop in oil prices, cost reduction has become critical. Project sanctioning is more dependent than ever on reducing cost. The need to standardize in order to reduce cost and gain efficiency has been elevated to a vital need. The benefits of equipment and process standardization will reduce cost on many fronts, including manufacturing efficiencies, increased safety, reduced risks, reduced specialized training, and reduced delivery times. All of these have a positive effect on the bottom line. So what is keeping us from achieving greater standardization? Here are a few factors:
Each development brings unique requirements and challenges.
Equipment-design decisions and features can have a high functional impact on operations. This encourages design optimization to accommodate unique requirements, leading to customized designs.
New challenges will drive innovation. Standardization efforts can constrain innovation. It takes extra effort to be innovative and standardized at the same time.
Competition can constrain standardization. Strategic collaboration is needed to achieve standardization even in the midst of a competitive environment. Recognizing these obstacles, we still acknowledge that standardization affects every phase of project execution. Many opportunities remain to achieve benefits from standardization. The market will drive efforts to standardize. To realize the benefits of standardization, it will take enhanced collaboration, ingenuity, compromise, and leadership from both operators and suppliers.
Selection of Subsea-Production Systems for Field Development in Arctic Environments
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 166879, “Selection of Subsea-Production Systems for Field Development in the Arctic Environment,” by E.A. Pribytkov, Gubkin Russian State University and the University of Stavanger; A.B. Zolotukhin, Gubkin Russian State University; and O.T. Gudmestad, University of Stavanger, prepared for the 2013 SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Conference and Exhibition, Moscow, 15–17 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
In this paper, an analysis of the selection of integrated template structures (ITSs) for Arctic environments is presented. An analysis of several actual projects has been carried out. One of the important parts of this work was devoted to the requirements on ITSs conceived in relevant standards. The main elements of subsea-production modules, including their specific characteristics and components, are considered in the work.
The Terra Nova and White Rose fields, on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, have been developed; other offshore projects are being prepared, such as Goliat and Skrugard in Northern Norway. These projects can be considered as true stepping stones toward oil and gas development in the Arctic region. The harsh conditions of the Arctic environment (low temperatures, icing, snow, fog, and polar night) lead to weather limitations, required winterization, complex logistics, and difficult emergency evacuation and rescue organization.
The severe climatic conditions make the development of Arctic offshore and subsea marine operations extremely challenging. Features affecting safe offshore operations, subsea construction work, and field development are many, and are outlined in the complete paper. Several such factors of great importance are winds, waves, currents, and polar lows (low-pressure weather phenomena that appear when there are changes of cold Arctic air over the sea). Operational criteria are based on several weather parameters.
LULA Exercise Blends Surface and Subsea Responses to Simulated Deepwater Blowout
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper IPTC 18215, “LULA Exercise: Testing the Oil-Spill Response to a Deep-Sea Blowout, With a Unique Combination of Surface and Subsea Response Techniques,” by C. Michel, L. Cazes, and C. Eygun, Total E&P Angola, and L. Page-Jones and J.-Y. Huet, OTRA, prepared for the 2014 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 10–12 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
To test the improved blowout-response capabilities implemented following the Deepwater Horizon accident, Total organized and ran a large exercise to check the ability to efficiently define, implement, and manage the response to a major oil spill resulting from a subsea blowout, including the mobilization of a new subsea-dispersant-injection (SSDI) device. After a year and a half of preparation, the exercise took place 13–15 November 2013.
Introduction
The oil-spill-response exercise, codenamed LULA, considered a scenario in which a blowout at a water depth of 1,000 ft resulted in an uncontrolled release at 50,000 BOPD. The main objectives of the LULA exercise were
To mobilize all the emergency and crisis units in Luanda, Angola; offshore; and in Paris
To use all the techniques and technologies available to track an oil slick
To mobilize the SSDI kit from Norway to Angola and to deploy it close to the well
To deploy all the available oilspill-response equipment of Total E&P Angola
To test the procurement of dispersant and the associated logistics
To test the onshore response, including coastal protection, onshore cleanup, oiled-wildlife management, and waste management
Subsea Response
During the Deepwater Horizon disaster, the injection of dispersant directly at the source of the oil leakage at seafloor level proved to be an effective technique. The technique required the deployment of an SSDI system.
After the Deepwater Horizon accident, Total was involved with a group of nine major oil and gas companies in the Subsea Well Response Project. As a result of the work of this group, two SSDI kits were manufactured and positioned in Stavanger. Total wanted to test the ability to mobilize and deploy in a timely manner the newly developed equipment, and Total E&P Angola was designated as responsible for the organization of the LULA exercise in collaboration with the Ministry of Petroleum of Angola. The SSDI kit, positioned in Norway, would be transported by air to Angola, sent offshore, and deployed.
Coral Relocation Mitigates Habitat Effects From Pipeline Construction Offshore Qatar
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170359, “Coral Relocation as Habitat Mitigation for Impacts From the Barzan Gas Project Pipeline Construction Offshore Eastern Qatar: Survey IV Update,” by Kaushik Deb, RasGas, and Anne McCarthy, CSA Ocean Sciences, prepared for the 2014 SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainable Development Conference and Exhibition, Doha, Qatar, 22–24 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The Barzan Gas Project is a critical program to deliver natural gas to Qatar’s future industries. The project was expected to affect shallow coral communities during pipeline construction from Qatar’s North field to onshore. To partially meet the state’s environmental clearance for the project while supporting the state’s national vision, RasGas developed a project-specific coral-management, -relocation, and -monitoring plan that incorporated proven methodologies to relocate at-risk coral colonies to a suitable location.
Introduction
In addition to natural-gas reserves, coral- reef communities are regarded as a significant and highly productive natural resource in Qatar, providing refuge and nursery areas for many commercially important fish and shellfish species during portions of their life cycle. Corals off the coast of Qatar grow in one of the more thermally stressed environments in the world. Elevated sea temperature and other coastal pressures such as overfishing, port development, and construction have led to a decrease in local coral-reef communities. Recognizing the importance of these habitats, Qatar included measures in the Qatar National Development Strategy 2011–16 calling for the protection, conservation, and sustainable management of marine and coastal habitats and associated biodiversity.
The RasGas Barzan Gas Project off eastern Qatar (Fig. 1) is a critical program for the state, delivering natural gas from Qatar’s North field to the onshore processing plant through export pipelines. As part of the construction phase, the Barzan project was expected to affect shallow coral communities through the direct physical removal of coral colonies from trenching activities and through sedimentation and a general deterioration of the habitat immediately adjacent to the trench.
To partially meet the state’s environmental clearance conditions for the project, RasGas developed a project-specific coral-management, -relocation, and -monitoring plan that incorporated proven methodologies to relocate at-risk coral colonies to a suitable location away from both present and future development to minimize potential harm.