bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectro-polarimetric study to constrain accretion-ejection properties of MCG-5-23-16 using IXPE and NuSTAR observations
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Chatterjee Rwitika , Agrawal Vivek K. , Nandi Anuj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We conducted a study on the X-ray polarisation properties of MCG-5-23-16 by analysing long-term monitoring data from NuSTAR jointly with IXPE observations made in May and November 2022. The re-analysis of IXPE data gives model-dependent polarisation degree, PD (%) =

$1.08\pm0.66$

in the energy band 2–8 keV, which agrees with previous studies within error bars. The model-independent analysis of PD poses an upper limit of

$\leq3.8$

(

$1\sigma$

level) for the same energy band. The observed upper limit of PD, along with broadband spectral analysis (2–79 keV) using an accretion-ejection based model, allowed us to derive the corona geometry (i.e. radius and height) and the accretion disc inclination (

$\sim33^\circ$

). Additional NuSTAR observations were also analysed to gain insights into the accretion flow properties of the source and to estimate the expected polarisation during those epochs with PD

$\sim 4.3\%$

. The radius and height of the corona varies between

$28.2\pm3.1 - 39.8\pm4.6$

r

$_s$

and

$14.3\pm1.7-21.4\pm1.9$

r

$_s$

respectively, with a mass outflow rate from the corona measuring

$0.14\pm0.03-0.2\pm0.03$

Eddington rate (

$\dot m_{\mathrm{Edd}}$

). The estimated PD values were nearly constant up to a certain radial distance and height of the corona and then decreased for increasing corona geometry. The spectral analysis further provided an estimate for the mass of the central black hole

$\sim2\times 10^7$

M

$_\odot$

and the velocity of the outflowing gas

$\sim0.16-0.19c$

. A comparative broadband spectral study using reflection-based models estimates the disc inclination between

$\sim 31^\circ\pm8^\circ-45^\circ\pm7^\circ$

, and yields an expected PD of 3.4–6.0%. We also found a weak reflection fraction and a less ionised distant reflecting medium. The expected PD measured using accretion-ejection and reflection models is less compared to the expected PD measured for a given disc inclination of

$45^\circ$

. Our modelling of the disc-corona-outflows and polarisation connection can be extended and validated with data from the recently launched XPoSat, India’s first X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, offering potential applications to other sources.
Juvenile source nature of the North Tianshan turbidites and its tectonic implication
Authors: Wang Meng , Cao Ming , Xu Da , Chen Youxin , Zhang Jinjiang , Zhang Bo , Pei Xianzhi , Li Zuochen , Zhou Hai , Bao Zhian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sediments within accretionary complexes, preserving key information on crust growth history of Central Asian Orogenic Belt, did not get enough attention previously. Here, we conduct comprehensive geochemical study on the turbidites from the North Tianshan Accretionary Complex (NTAC) in the Chinese West Tianshan orogen, which is a good example of sediments derived from juvenile materials. The turbidites, composed of sandstone, siltstone, and argillaceous siliceous rocks, are mainly Carboniferous. All the investigated samples have relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration values (35–63) and Plagioclase Index of Alteration values (34–68), indicating relatively weak weathering before erosion and deposition. The sandstone and siltstone, and slate samples display high Index of Compositional Variability values of 0.89–1.50 and 0.89–0.93, suggesting a relatively immature source. The sandstones and siltstones were mainly derived from intermediate igneous rocks, and the slates from felsic igneous rocks, formed in oceanic/continental arc settings. The investigated samples roughly display high positive εNd(t) values (mainly at +5.5 to +7.9, except one spot at +0.8), with corresponding Nd model ages at 672 Ma–522 Ma (except one at ∼1.1 Ga). Combined with the previous studies, we suggest that the turbidites in the NTAC were mainly derived from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks with juvenile arc signature, and thus the northern Chinese West Tianshan is a typical site with significant Phanerozoic crust growth.
Microvertebrates from the Rhaetian bone beds at Blue Anchor Bay, Somerset
Authors: Renaud Maxime , Duffin Christopher J. , Hildebrandt Claudia , Benton Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The cliff and foreshore sections at Blue Anchor Bay, north Somerset, provide a detailed picture of the transitional Triassic–Jurassic succession. The site has been recorded as a location for fossil fishes for over 200 years, and yet the assemblages from the bone beds have not been described. Here, we present new observations on the two bone beds and find major faunal differences: the classic basal bone bed at Blue Anchor Bay contains an assemblage dominated by osteichthyan teeth, unexpected because elsewhere the ichthyofauna is usually dominated by chondrichthyans. The upper bone bed at Blue Anchor Bay is indeed more typical, being dominated by teeth of hybodont chondrichthyans. We report two unusual finds, first five teeth of the rare shark Parasycylloides turnerae, only the fifth such record in the UK. Further, we report here for the first time a tooth of the pycnodontiform Eomesodon, the first report of this taxon from the Triassic of the UK or Europe. The two bone beds are distinguished not only by different assemblages, but also by evidence of different degrees of anoxia and water depth: the upper bone bed contains abundant pyrite and marcasite, indicating highly anoxic conditions, and perhaps deposition in deeper water than the basal bone bed.
Invisible Victims and the Case for OTC SSRIs
Authors: Appel Jacob M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common serious illnesses worldwide; the disease is also among those with the lowest rates of treatment. Barriers to access to care, both practical and psychological, contribute significantly to these low treatment rates. Among such barriers are regulations in many nations that require a physician’s prescription for most pharmacological treatments including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These rules are designed to protect patients. However, such regulations involve a tradeoff between the welfare of “visible” victims, who might suffer negative consequences from a lack of regulation, and the well-being of invisible “victims,” who likely experience negative consequences that result from increased barriers to care. This article explores these tradeoffs and argues in favor of shifting SSRIs from prescription-only to over-the-counter status.
Determinants of sodium intake knowledge and attitude: a cross-national analysis of socio-economic and health factors
Authors: Rauniyar Santosh Kumar , Tanoue Yuta , Ghaznavi Cyrus , Hayabuchi Hitomi , Nishimura Toshihide , Takemi Yukari , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis across nations to: (1) identify the determinants influencing knowledge and attitudes related to sodium (Na) intake and (2) to analyse the association between knowledge and attitudes related to Na intake.

Design:
We utilised a secondary data from a cross-sectional study that was conducted across seven nations. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilised to assess the impact of socio-economic and health-related predictors on knowledge and attitudes pertaining to Na intake and further to investigate the relationship between knowledge and attitude.

Setting:
Indonesia, Brazil, Thailand, Japan, France, the UK and the USA.

Participants:
7090 participants aged 15 years and above were included in the study.

Results:
SEM analysis showed a strong association between knowledge about Na intake and related attitude across all countries, particularly in the UK (2·65, 95 % CI 1·48–3·82), France (2·62, 1·45–3·79) and the USA (1·97, 1·21–2·73). In Brazil, Japan and France, individuals or family members having certain health conditions such as raised blood pressure, heart diseases, strokes or other diseases exhibited a positive attitude towards reducing Na intake. Conversely, socio-economic factors like education and income demonstrated the complexity of influences on knowledge and attitudes about Na intake.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the need for tailored public health interventions to reduce excessive Na consumption, considering the diverse cultural, social and economic factors. It highlights the complex determinants of knowledge and attitudes towards Na intake, calling for further research in varied populations.
Enablers and barriers to dietary change for Māori with nutrition-related conditions in Aotearoa New Zealand: a scoping review
Authors: McKerchar Christina , Barthow Christine , Huria Tania , Jones Bernadette , Coppell Kirsten J. , Hall Rosemary , Amataiti Tutangi , Parry-Strong Amber , Muimuiheata Soana , Wright-McNaughton Morag , Krebs Jeremy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Māori, the Indigenous population of Aotearoa New Zealand, face a substantial burden of nutrition-related diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss, through dietary change, is a central component of obesity and diabetes prevention and management; however, most approaches have not been designed with or evaluated specifically for Māori. The aim of this study was to review literature on the enablers and barriers to dietary change, for Māori.

Design:
Relevant literature published from January 2000 to May 2024 was identified by searches in Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Indigenous health (informit), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science and NZResearch. Studies included Māori and reflected enablers and barriers to dietary change for individuals/whānau (families). Data identifying the aims, methods, interventions, location, population studied and identified enablers and barriers to dietary change and responsiveness to Māori were extracted. Enablers and barriers to dietary change were mapped to a New Zealand Indigenous health framework, the Meihana model.

Setting:
Settings included studies based in Aotearoa New Zealand, where participants were free living and able to determine their dietary intake.

Participants:
Studies included at least 30 % Māori participants.

Results:
Twenty-two of the seventy-seven identified records met the inclusion criteria. Records included a diverse range of research approaches.

Conclusions:
Using a relevant Indigenous model, this study highlights that multiple and diverse enablers and barriers to dietary change exist for Māori and the critical importance of developing interventions, in close partnership with Indigenous communities, grounded in Indigenous understandings of health.
Fighting collective threats: socialist revolutions and the management of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: De la Calle Luis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
I investigate why some countries were more successful in containing the death toll than others during the COVID-19 pandemic. I focus on the role of socialism and on the existence of long-term regime-driven legacies that may have had an impact on the containment of COVID-related deaths. I claim that countries that went through successful socialist revolutions have specific features that equip them with better resources to cope with public challenges such as pandemics. Furthermore, these features remain even after the demise of the socialist regime. I find a positive effect of socialist revolutions over COVID-19 containment at the country level. I investigate three possible causal mechanisms for this relationship: authoritarianism, state capacity, and mass mobilization. Through mediation analysis, I find the socialist legacy seems to be channeled through higher levels of mobilization and also more authoritarian institutions.
Impact Pattern of Energetic Particle Precipitation on Polar Mesospheric Ozone
Authors: Wang Yuting , Li Hui , Wang Chi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe upper atmosphere of polar regions exhibits two distinct patterns of energetic particle precipitation that can lead to ozone destruction by ionizing the atmosphere: one is the energetic proton precipitation in the polar cap region during solar proton events (SPEs), and the other is the energetic electron precipitations (EEPs) in the auroral oval region from the radiation belt. In this study, we conduct case studies and statistical analyses of ozone observations from the Aura satellite to present the quantitative difference in the impact patterns of SPEs and EEPs on polar mesospheric ozone. According to our statistical analysis of 13 SPEs and 19 EEPs during the MLS time frame, the magnitude of ozone depletion during SPEs is greater than during EEPs. The ozone depletion during SPEs is more pronounced at higher geomagnetic latitudes and negatively correlates with the proton flux, while during EEPs the ozone depletion is more in favor of the geomagnetic latitude band of 60–70° but independent of the electron count rates. In addition, hydroxyl enhancement also exhibits different patterns during SPEs and EEPs, similar to that of ozone depletion. This study further validates the physical link between the magnetosphere and atmosphere and promotes our understanding of the solar influence on Earth's climate.
Exploring Topography Downscaling Methods for Hyper‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Chen Sisi , Li Lu , Wei Zhongwang , Wei Nan , Zhang Yonggen , Zhang Shupeng , Yuan Hua , Shangguan Wei , Zhang Shulei , Li Qingliang , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyper‐resolution land surface modeling provides an unprecedented opportunity to simulate locally relevant water and energy cycles. However, the available meteorological forcing data is often insufficient to fulfill the requirements of hyper‐resolution modeling. Here, we developed a comprehensive downscaling framework based on topography‐adjusted methods and automated machine learning (AutoML). With this framework, a 90 m and hourly atmospheric forcing data set was developed from ERA5 data at a 0.25° resolution, and the Common Land Model (CoLM) was then forced with the developed forcing data over two complex terrain regions (the Heihe River Basin and Upper Colorado River Basin). We systematically evaluated the downscaled forcing and the CoLM outputs against both in situ observations and gridded data. The ground‐based validation results suggested consistent improvements for all downscaled forcing variables with mean RMSE improved by 6.362%–95.86%. The downscaled forcings, which incorporated detailed topographic features, offered improved magnitude estimates, achieving a comparable level of performance to that of regional reanalysis forcing data. The downscaled forcing driving the CoLM model showed comparable or better skills in simulating water and energy fluxes, as verified by in situ validations. The hyper‐resolution simulations provided a detailed and more reasonable description of land surface processes and attained similar spatial patterns and magnitudes with high‐resolution land surface data, especially over highly elevated areas. Additionally, this study highlighted the benefits of using mountain radiation theory‐based shortwave radiation downscaling models and AutoML‐assisted precipitation downscaling models. These findings emphasized the significance of integrating topography‐based downscaling methods for hillslope‐scale simulations.
How Porosity Influences the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Ability of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles
Authors: Wagner Robert , Hu Yaqiong , Bogert Pia , Höhler Kristina , Kiselev Alexei , Möhler Ottmar , Saathoff Harald , Umo Nsikanabasi , Zanatta Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring processing in deep convective cloud systems, highly viscous or glassy secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can develop a porous structure through a process known as atmospheric freeze‐drying. This structural modification may enhance their heterogeneous ice nucleation ability under cirrus conditions through the pore condensation and freezing mechanism. Pristine, compact SOA particles, on the other hand, are recommended to be treated as ice‐inactive in models. This recommendation also applies to internally mixed particles, where a coating layer of secondary organic matter (SOM) deactivates the intrinsic ice nucleation ability of the core, which may be a mineral dust grain. Ice cloud‐processing may also improve the ice nucleation ability of such a composite particle by inducing structural changes in the coating layer, which can release active sites on the mineral surface. In this work, we investigated the change in the ice nucleation ability of pure SOA particles from the ozonolysis of α‐pinene and two types of internally mixed particles (zeolite and coal fly ash particles coated with SOM) after being subjected to the atmospheric freeze‐drying process simulated in an expansion cloud chamber. For pure α‐pinene SOA, we found only a slight improvement in the ice nucleation ability of the ice cloud‐processed, porous particles compared to their pristine, compact counterparts at 221 and 217 K. In contrast, the zeolite and coal fly ash particles, which were initially deactivated by the organic coating, became significantly more ice‐active after atmospheric freeze‐drying, emphasizing that such composite particles cannot be excluded from model simulations of heterogeneous ice formation.
MAT1A activation of glycolysis to promote NSCLC progression depends on stabilizing CCND1
Authors: Shen Shengping , Liu Ruili , Huang Jiazheng , Sun Yingjia , Tan Qiang , Luo Qingquan , Liu Ruijun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a cause for concern as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Amidst ongoing debates on the role and mechanisms of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) in cancer, our study sheds light on its significance in NSCLC. Leveraging TCGA database and immunohistochemical staining, we systematically analyzed MAT1A expression in NSCLC, uncovering its marked upregulation. To unravel the functional and mechanistic underpinnings, we implemented stable knockdown of MAT1A in NSCLC cell lines. Our findings converged to demonstrate that suppression of MAT1A expression effectively impeded the proliferation and migratory capabilities of NSCLC cells, while concurrently enhancing apoptosis. Mechanistically, we discovered that MAT1A depletion accelerated the degradation of CCND1, a key cell cycle regulator, through S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)-mediated ubiquitination. Notably, CCND1 emerged as a crucial MAT1A partner, jointly orchestrating glycolytic metabolism in NSCLC cells. This intricate interplay suggests that MAT1A promotes NSCLC progression by safeguarding CCND1 protein stability and activating glycolytic pathways, thereby sustaining tumorigenesis. In summary, our study not only identifies MAT1A as a prognostic marker for poor survival in NSCLC patients but also elucidates its mechanistic contributions to cancer progression. These findings pave the way for the development of targeted therapies aimed at disrupting the deleterious MAT1A-CCND1-glycolysis axis in NSCLC.
Cauterization of the root of the left coronary artery as a straightforward, large and reproducible ischemic injury model in neonatal mice
Authors: Hu Tianyuan , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Malek Mohammadi Mona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe adult mammalian heart is known to have very limited regenerative capacity, explaining at least in part the frequency of cardiovascular diseases and their impact as the leading cause of death worldwide. By contrast, the neonatal heart has the ability to regenerate upon injury, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this regenerative capacity are intensely investigated to provide novel cues for the repair of the adult heart. However, the existing rodent neonatal injury models—apex resection, left anterior descending artery ligation and cryoinjury—have limitations, such as being technically demanding, yielding a nonphysiological injury type and/or lack of reproducibility. Here we have therefore established a novel ischemic heart injury method in neonatal mice via cauterization of the root of the left coronary artery. This surgical procedure is technically straightforward, requires less than 10 min for completion and yields reproducible, large ischemic lesions (40% of the left ventricle) with low mortality rates (10% of animals). The injury also induces secondary pulmonary hypertension shortly after surgery, allowing to study the response of the right ventricle. Moreover, neonatal mice at postnatal days 1 and 3 display strongly opposing outcomes after the surgery, because of the lack of cardiac regeneration at the later stage. Thus, this new neonatal heart injury model is of great use for mechanistic studies exploring the regeneration of the left ventricle and the adaptation of the right ventricle upon myocardial infarction.
Salary Benchmarking for Voice-Specialized Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Whiteside Catherine Blair , Kennedy Evan , Jetté Marie E. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to understand how salaries of voice and upper airway–specialized speech-language pathologists (SLPs) differ from medical SLPs based on prevailing wage data and to give clinicians resources to better negotiate their salary and benefits.

Method:
A nationwide survey of voice-specialized SLPs was disseminated via various online platforms including American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Group 3, Instagram, voice-specialized Facebook groups, and e-mail. Data were collected via REDCap. The survey investigates SLPs' salary, benefits, experience, clinical responsibilities, and profit generated through Current Procedural Terminology codes. Two separate analyses were completed. First, annual salary, as reported by participants, was compared against annual salary, as estimated by prevailing wage data. Second, a multiple regression driver analysis was completed to identify significant predictors of wage level within our sample. Outliers in the sample were removed using the Difference in Fits procedure.

Results:

A total of 111 participant surveys were included for analysis. Our data demonstrate that, between participant data and prevailing wage data, salaries for voice and upper airway disorders (VUAD) SLPs are significantly higher in the West, Midwest, and Southern regions. There is no significant difference in the Northeast. Several factors proved statistically significant predictors of increased salaries including years of work (
p
≤ .0001), cost of living (
p
= .0030), and work in multidisciplinary setting (
p
= .0223).

Conclusions:
As practitioners navigate negotiations for equitable compensation, leveraging localized salary data and emphasizing the value of specialized expertise may prove instrumental. Moreover, advocating for employer-sponsored professional development opportunities and benefits can enhance the overall well-being and professional satisfaction of VUAD SLPs, ensuring optimal delivery of care within this specialized field.