bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the follow-up discontinuation among people living with HIV in North Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Amhare Abebe Feyissa , Goyomsa Girma Garedew , Al Issa Yasmeen Moshtaq A. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFollow-up discontinuation among people living with HIV can increase mortality and HIV spread within communities. This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 on follow-up discontinuation among people living with HIV in Ethiopia.MethodsThis longitudinal study used retrospective document review to compare follow-up status of people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic with their status from 2017 to 2019. Data from selected health facilities were collected using a checklist, entered and cleaned in Excel, and analyzed in Stata. Descriptive statistics were presented in tables and line graphs. Incidence risk (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2021, a total of 7,447 people living with HIV were registered to begin ART at selected health facilities. Annual retention rates were consistent from 2017 to 2019, ranging from 0.941 to 0.949. During the COVID-19 pandemic, they dropped to 0.837 in 2020 and 0.840 in 2021. Retention rates were significantly correlated with loss to follow-up (r: −0.959, p ≤ 0.001), death (r: −0.968, p ≤ 0.001), and transfer-out (r: −0.979, p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the incidence of loss to follow-up (IRR: 3.00, 95%CI: 2.71–3.33, p ≤ 0.001), death (IRR: 3.61, 95%CI: 3.13–4.16, p ≤ 0.001), poor adherence (IRR: 2.27, 95%CI: 2.14–2.40, p ≤ 0.001), and severe malnutrition (IRR: 2.32, 95%CI: 2.18–2.47, p ≤ 0.001) significantly increased during the COVID-19.ConclusionThe study found that COVID-19 healthcare disruptions increased follow-up loss among people living with HIV and heightening the disease burden in Ethiopia.
Global burden of inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly: trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2051
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Ju , Yang Guangxia , Meng Deqian , Long Xianming , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThis study aims to analyze the historical trends of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) burden in the elderly from 1990 to 2021 and forecast future trends up to 2051.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were utilized. Age-standardized rates (ASR) for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were computed to quantify temporal trends. A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was employed to project future trends.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global number of elderly IBD increased from 573,500 to 1,278,190. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rose from 8.01 to 8.77 per 100,000, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) slightly decreased from 118.14 to 117.29 per 100,000. Death number increased from 14,400 to 33,490, but the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 3.21 to 2.84 per 100,000. DALYs increased from 324,100 to 683,750, with the age-standardized DALYs rate declining from 68.78 to 60.88 per 100,000. Significant geographical variations were observed, with high Socio-demographic Index regions showing the highest burden. Projections suggest that by 2051, elderly IBD prevalence number may reach 2,316,000, with ASIR and ASPR potentially rising after 2035 and 2042, respectively. Deaths and DALYs are projected to increase to 75,000 and 1,401,000 respectively, despite continued declines in ASRs.ConclusionThe absolute burden of IBD in the elderly population is projected to increase substantially by 2051, despite decreasing ASRs. These findings underscore the need for tailored healthcare strategies and resource allocation to address the growing challenge of elderly IBD globally.
Exploring Optimal Pretreatment Approaches for Enhancing Biohydrogen and Biochar Production from Azolla filiculoides Biomass
Authors: El-Qelish Mohamed , El-Shafai Saber A. , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Mitigating the irreversible consequences of climate change necessitates the application of sustainable energy resources. Hereby, we investigated the biological anaerobic fermentation of Azolla filiculoides biomass for biohydrogen production as a clean renewable energy source. Azolla filiculoides is a widely growing aquatic plant in polluted freshwater streams. However, the high non-biodegradable organic matter content in Azolla filiculoides biomass remains challenging in efficiently producing renewable energy, especially when it is being used as the sole donor substrate. In order to overcome this challenge, different pretreatment scenarios (namely, alkali, autoclaving, and ultrasonication) have been employed for enhancing the hydrolysis of Azolla filiculoides biomass to maximize the anaerobic fermentation and, consequently, the biohydrogen production potential. The biohydrogen production potential was 250.5, 398, 414.5, and 439.5 mL-H2, giving a hydrogen yield of 60.1, 89.6, 92.9, and 107.9 mL-H2/g-VS, respectively. Gompertz kinetics were applied to estimate the growth parameters of the process, which revealed a good fit with R2 ranging from 0.96 to 0.98. The produced digestate was valorized for biochar production, a material that could be applied for water treatment purposes. The produced biochar was characterized using different physical analyses, including FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The physicochemical characterizations of biochar demonstrate a successful formation of biochar with a highly porous structure and a rough surface, as evidenced by the emergence of significant functional groups (e.g., O-H, C-H, C=C, and C=O) existing on the surface of the biochar. In conclusion, this study harnesses a sustainable approach for the treatment of organic waste streams, which represents a circular economy model by transforming waste materials into valuable products and reducing the reliance on non-renewable resources.
Changes in Microbiome in Patients with Kidney Injury after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Abramson Matthew H. , Sathick Insara Jaffer , Knezevic Andrea , Perales Miguel-Angel , Jaimes Edgar A. 
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Changes in microbiome diversity index are common in patients with stem cell transplant.Changes in microbiome diversity do not explain the high incidence of AKI in patients with stem cell transplant.

Background
AKI is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) that increases the risk of mortality. By contrast, higher diversity of intestinal microbiota at the time of neutrophil engraftment has been associated with lower mortality. We aimed to better understand kidney outcomes in relation to changes in gut diversity in this patient population, hypothesizing that patients with lower microbiome diversity at baseline and at engraftment were at higher risk of developing kidney complications.

Methods
We performed a single-center retrospective study of 419 hematopoietic cell transplant recipients from 2014 to 2017 at our institution whose gut microbiota were analyzed. We defined AKI and CKD on the basis of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and eGFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. We defined gut microbiome diversity using Shannon and Simpson reciprocal diversity indices, with higher levels indicating more diverse microbiota.

Results
Simpson reciprocal diversity index and Shannon diversity index were 21.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 13.7–35.2; range, 1.6–102.5) and 3.7 (IQR, 3.2–4.2; range, 0.7–5.2) in our cohort at baseline and 6.3 (IQR, 3.7–10.4) and 2.3 (IQR, 1.7–2.8) at periengraftment, respectively. Of the 419, 263 patients (63%) developed any grade AKI in 100 days after hematopoietic cell transplantation and 114 (27%) developed grade 2+ AKI. There were no significant differences in microbiome diversity at baseline or periengraftment in patients who developed post-transplant AKI or CKD, respectively, in comparison with those who did not develop kidney complications.

Conclusions
Our findings do not support the existence of a link between baseline or periengraftment gut diversity and the risk of development of AKI or CKD in patients undergoing allo-HCT. This study highlights the complex and multifactorial etiology of AKI in allo-HCT recipients and the need for additional prospective and mechanistic studies.
Система воинского воспитания в русской армии первой половины XIX в.
Authors: Б.М. Яндиев 
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению системы воинского воспитания в русской армии первой половины XIX в. Подчеркивается, что в исследуемый период она формировалась под воздействием многочисленных факторов, строилась с учетом отечественного и иностранного опытов. В рамках этой системы консервативные методы воспитания воинов соседствовали с прогрессивными, палочная дисциплина и телесные наказания сочетались с заботой командиров о подчиненных. Делается вывод о том, что в основе механизма воинского воспитания в армии лежали монархическая государственная идеология, командно-административные методы, формы и принципы управления.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the system of military education in the Russian army of the first half of the 19th century. It is emphasized that during the period under study it was formed under the influence of numerous factors and was built taking into account domestic and foreign experiences. Within the framework of this system, conservative methods of educating soldiers side by side with progressive ones; caning discipline and corporal punishment were combined with the care of commanders for their subordinates. It is concluded that the mechanism of military education in the army was based on monarchical state ideology, command and administrative methods, forms and principles of management.
O TRATAMENTO DA SÍNDROME DE CHILAIDITI: UM ARTIGO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Limongi Matheus de Freitas , Machado Hellen Regina Araujo , Filho Carlos Anilton Quaresma Bezerra , Araújo André Aguinaldo de , Farias Maria Clara Alves Oliveira de , Cavalcante Filipe Gouveia , Pereira Talita Uchoa Lima , Mascarenhas Joísa Lizete Lopes Rodrigues , Melo Jeefferson Cordeiro de , Miranda Bezerra Lucas Frederico , Calzada Raphael Mariano Gomes , Jacinto João Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O sinal de Chilaiditi é caracterizado pela interposição de alças intestinais na região hepatodiafragmática e que causa o achado incidental de ar subfrênico. Quando há sintomas relacionados a essa condição (especialmente os gastrointestinais) passa a se chamar de Síndrome de Chilaiditi (SCH). O presente estudo é uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do tratamento da SCH e que objetiva trazer atualizações de uma temática pouco explorada e rara na população, mas que pode causar complicações. Metodologia: utilizando a declaração PRISMA e os descritores “síndrome de Chilaiditi” e “tratamento” na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, foram encontrados 41 artigos. Resultados: aplicados critérios de inclusão (artigos em inglês ou português entre os anos de 2019 e 2024) e retirando-se textos dentro dos critérios de exclusão (feitos em animais, textos repetidos ou que não se encaixavam no tema e ainda aqueles incompletos), restaram 10 artigos. Discussão: O diagnóstico da SCH geralmente ocorre ao acaso, por meio de exames de imagem que irão identificar a parte do intestino fora do seu espaço habitual. A cirurgia é feita apenas em casos necessários (fluxo intestinal de fato comprometido, sinais de isquemia de alças ou risco de morte). Repouso, administração de fluidos hídricos, medicamentos sintomáticos e descompressão nasogástrica ou retal são boas medidas iniciais. Já as cirurgias podem envolver retirada de parte do intestino ou apenas o realocamento com fixação para se evitar recidivas. Conclusão: A SCH é uma condição rara e que tem como diagnósticos diferenciais o abscesso subfrênico e o pneumoperitônio. O tratamento é, na maioria das vezes, conservador. Caso o paciente não melhore, deve-se suspeitar de condições mais graves ou de doenças e alterações que interfiram nessa melhora, de modo que a equipe cirúrgica deve estar pronta para atuar.
Pleural Amebiasis Mimicking Pleural Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Sari Handayani Utami  , Irvan Medison  , Dewi Wahyu Fitrina  , Dessy Mizarti  
Published: October 2024

Background: Pleural amebiasis is a rare manifestation of extraintestinal amebiasis, primarily occurring due to the rupture of an amebic liver abscess into the pleural space. We present an unusual case of pleural amebiasis in an elderly woman without any evidence of liver involvement.
Case presentation: A 78-year-old female presented with a two-month history of progressive dyspnea, cough, and right-sided chest pain. She had a history of consuming raw vegetables. Examination revealed right-sided pleural effusion, which was confirmed by chest radiography and thoracic ultrasound. Pleural fluid analysis showed exudative effusion and microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Despite the absence of a liver abscess on abdominal ultrasound, the patient was diagnosed with pleural amebiasis based on the pleural fluid findings. She was successfully treated with metronidazole and drainage of the pleural fluid.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering pleural amebiasis as a differential diagnosis in patients with pleural effusion, even in the absence of liver involvement. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with metronidazole and drainage are crucial for a favorable outcome.
Socio-economic Factors Influencing Adoption of Hybrid Maize in Mbuye, Burundi
Authors: Bitama Pierre Claver , Nitunga M. Jean Claude , Burny Philippe 
Published: October 2024

The introduction of new agricultural technology has great importance in increasing production and productivity and technology transfer helps to achieve economic growth for developing countries. The adoption of agricultural technological innovations is conditioned by various factors considered holistically. This paper aims to assess the factors influencing the adoption of hybrid maize in Mbuye, Burundi. Primary data have been collected from a random sample of 365 small-scale farmers in January 2024 complemented by secondary data. Data were analysed using logistic regression. The results showed that the factors significantly influencing the adoption of hybrid maize in the area are the accessibility to extension services (x_3) (β=2.0024,p<0.01), membership in small-scale farmers’ associations (x_9) (β=1.9976, p<0.01), non-agricultural activities (x_10)(β=-1.8275, p<0.05)), access to land (x_11 ) (β=1.0770, p<0.05), market orientation (sales) of production (x_12) (β=1.1049, p<0.01), market accessibility (x_13) (β=1.2771, p<0.01) and consumption (x_14) (β=-6.3716, p<0.01). The factors of the sex of the head of household (x_1 ), age of household head (x_2), size of arable land (x_4), level of education (x_5), experience (x_6), access to credit (x_7), and household size (x_8 ) have a non-significant influence on hybrid maize adoption. The distribution and sales of improved seeds should be preceded by an awareness-raising campaign of their advantages (productivity) and disadvantages (input requirements, cultivation techniques, prohibition of seed saving at harvest, etc.). Increasing the number of extension services and providing them with financial and material resources is a factor in adopting hybrid maize. Small-scale farmers’ organizations would facilitate the flow of information linked to disseminating new agricultural technologies
Upaya Meningkatkan Moral Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercerita Dengan Media Wayang Kreasi Kelompok A Di TK Rimapersada
Authors: Jubaedah Endah , Hazizah Siti Windy 
Published: October 2024

Berdasarkan observasi awal ditemukan beberapa masalah pada anak usia dini yaitu rendahnya nilai moral anak usia dini dikarenakan adanya penerapan moral yang kurang tepat pada anak. Salah satu faktor yang menghambat perkembangan moral yaitu seringnya anak melihat perilaku yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai moral dilingkungan sekitarnya. Maka perlu dilakukannya tindakan yaitu peningkatan moral melalui metode bercerita dengan media wayang kreasi. Metode bercerita merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan oleh bagi peningkatan moral anak, biasanya terdapat pesan moral yang terkandung dalam cerita. Selain itu bercerita juga bisa menggunakan media, salah satunya media wayang kreasi. Wayang kreasi digunakan agar anak tertarik mendengarkan cerita dan dapat membuat anak lebih antusias mengikuti kegiatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan moral anak usia dini di TK Rimapersada menggunakan metode bercerita dengan wayang kreasi. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) design kemmis dan Tagart, dengan metode kualitatif. Observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data. Subjek penelitian adalah perkembangan moral anak dengan objek 15 orang anak yang terdiri 8 anak perempuan dan 7 anak laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan moral anak dari hasil observasi awal adalah 26% kategori anak berkembang sesuai harapan dan berkembang sangat baik, menjadi 46% pada siklus I. Pada siklus II meningkat sesuai harapan menjadi 87%. Hal ini menunjukan signifikasi pada peningkatan moral anak usia dini melalui metode bercerita dengan media wayang kreasi.
Kata Kunci: moral anak usia dini, metode bercerita, media wayang kreasi
Pengaruh Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Monopoli Terhadap Pemahaman Anak Usia Dini Tentang Uang Dan Pengelolaan Keuangan
Authors: Resiana Rani Surya , Pratiwi Siti Nur Elbayyinah Rahayu 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman anak usia dini tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan dengan menggunakan alat permainan edukatif monopoli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dan melibatkan dua variabel yaitu variabel bebas dan variabel terikat, variabel bebas yaitu alat permainan edukatif monopoli dan variabel terikat yaitu pemahaman anak usia dini tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua siswa Kober Kurnia dan RA Nabila Azzahra Wanaraja dengan jumlah siswa 130 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling, sampel pada penelitian ini 99 siswa. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes pemahaman anak tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa skor rata-rata pemahaman anak tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan kelas eksperimen adalah 66,81% dan skor rata-rata pemahaman anak tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan kelas kontrol adalah 32,7%. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t, dimana hasil perhitungan diperoleh thitung > ttabel yaitu 4,829 > 1,677. Dari hasil analisis tersebut diperoleh temuan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemahaman anak tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan antara siswa yang belajar melalui permainan monopoli, dengan siswa yang tidak belajar melalui permainan monopoli. Demikian pula hasil pemahaman anaka tentang uang dan pengelolaan keuangan dengan permainan monopoli lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari siswa yang tidak belajar dengan permainan monopoli.
Kata Kunci : Alat Permainan Edukatif Monopoli , Uang Dan Pengelolaan Keuangan, Anak Usia Dini
Pengembangan Media ATM SIARI Dalam Belajar Literasi Finansial Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di PAUD Al-Islam Riyadhul Irfan Kecamatan Kadungora Tingkat Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Aliyah Siti , Nurhakimah Yunisa 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi dengan melakukan observasi awal pada tanggal 11 Oktober 2023 di lembaga PAUD AL-Islam Riyadhul Irfan yang beralamatkan di Kp. Cikaso RT 02 RW 08 Desa Rancasalak Kadungora Kabupaten Garut. Di PAUD tersebut kemampuan literasi finansial pada anak usia 5-6 tahun masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan data pada saat observasi awal yang dilakukan oleh peneliti yang dimana data Pengetahuan anak usia 5-6 tahun tentang konsep uang dan keterampilan untuk mengenali ragam jenis uang Berkembang 53,84% = 7 Orang, Layak 46,15= 6 Orang Cakap 0 Mahir 0. Literasi itu sangat penting dimiliki oleh setiap individu baik itu orang tua, remaja , bahkan oleh anak usia dini sekalipun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media ATM SIARI sebagai media dalam belajar literasi finansial Anak Usia Dini, serta untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari ATM SIARI sebagai media pembelajaran dalam literasi finansial Anak Usia Dini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&d yang mengadopsi pengembangan dari Borg and Gall, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah PAUD Al-Islam Riyadhul Irfan usia 5-6 tahun dan PAUD Sabilulungan usia 5-6 tahun dengan instrument pengumpulan data berupa angket yang divalidasi oleh beberapa ahli, yaitu: ahli materi, dan ahli media untuk menguji kualitas dari ATM SIARI juga dilakukan beberapa tahap uji coba, yaitu: uji coba perorangan, uji coba kelompok kecil, dan uji coba kelompok besar untuk mengetahui kualitas dari ATM SIARI, jenis data yang dihasilkan kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan pedoman kriteria penilaian untuk menentukan kualitas dari Media ATM SIARI yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa ATM SIARI sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan penelitian ahli materi mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 4 dengan kategori sangat tepat penilaian ahli media mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 3 dengan kategori tepat penilaian dalam uji coba perorangan mendapatkan nilai pre-test 5,2 dan nilai postest 15 maka media ATM SIARI berpengaruh untuk belajar literasi finansial anak usia dini. Uji coba kelompok kecil mendapatkan nilai T hitung yang lebih besar dari t tabel yaitu 53,97>1,710 Maka, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Dan uji coba kelompok besar mendapatkan nilai t hitung yang lebih besar dari t tabel yaitu 149,481>1,710 maka terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan media ATM SIARI ini layak untuk di gunakan dalam belajar literasi finansial anak usia dini.
Kata Kunci : Media ATM SIARI, Anak Usia Dini, Literasi Finansial
Metode Demonstrasi Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Praktik Tayamum
Authors: Sulaiman Husnan , Amelia Rosa 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perhatian peneliti terhadap kelangsungan proses belajar mengajar pada penggunaan metode pembelajaran mata pelajaran fiqih, khususnya pada materi pembelajaran yang bersifat praktik, dimana menurut hasil observasi peneliti, masih banyak peserta didik kelas VII-8 di MTsN 1 Garut yang terlihat masih kurang daya pemahamannya terhadap praktik tayamum, sehingga diperlukan penerapan metode pembelajaran yang bersifat praktik. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini adalah Terdeskripsinya Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran demonstrasi terhadap praktik tayamum Siswa Kelas VII-8 di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Garut. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, yakni metode yang bertujuan untuk memaparkan atau menggambarkan kejadian di lapangan. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Metode demontrasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Tentang Praktik tayamum Kelas VII-8 di MTsN 1 Garut dapat memberikan stimulus bagi peserta didik untuk dapat mempraktikkan tayamum dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: Metode Demonstrasi, Pelajaran Fiqih, Praktik Tayamum