bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Teriparatide or Risedronate in Elderly Patients With a Recent Pertrochanteric Hip Fracture: Final Results of a 78-Week Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Malouf-Sierra Jorge , Tarantino Umberto , García-Hernández Pedro A , Corradini Costantino , Overgaard Søren , Stepan Jan J , Borris Lars , Lespessailles Eric , Frihagen Frede , Papavasiliou Kyriakos , Petto Helmut , Aspenberg Per , Caeiro José Ramón , Marin Fernando 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

We present final results of a study comparing teriparatide 20 μg every day (QD) with risedronate 35 mg once per week (QW) started within 2 weeks after surgery for a pertrochanteric hip fracture. Patients with BMD T-score ≤ –2.0 and 25OHD ≥9.2 ng/mL were randomized to receive 26-week double-dummy treatment plus calcium and vitamin D, followed by 52-week open-label treatment with the same assigned active drug. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in lumbar spine (LS) BMD at 78 weeks. Secondary and exploratory endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur, function, hip pain (Charnley score and 100 mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), quality of life (Short Form-36), radiology outcomes, and safety. Data were analyzed with mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) and logistic regression. Totally, 224 patients were randomized; 171 (teriparatide: 86) contributed to the efficacy analyses (mean ± SD age: 77 ± 7.7 years, 77% females). Mean baseline LS, femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) T-scores were –2.16, –2.63, and –2.51, respectively. At 78 weeks, BMD increased significantly more with teriparatide compared to risedronate at the LS (+11.08% versus +6.45%; p &lt; 0.001) and FN (+1.96% versus –1.19%; p = 0.003), with no significant between-group difference in TH BMD. Timed up-and-go (TUG) test was significantly faster with teriparatide at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks (differences: –3.2 to –5.9 s; p = 0.045 for overall difference). Hip pain during TUG test by 100 mm VAS was significantly lower with teriparatide at 18 weeks (adjusted difference: –11.3 mm, p = 0.033; –10.0 and –9.3 mm at 12 and 26 weeks, respectively; p = 0.079 for overall difference). Other secondary and exploratory outcomes were not different. Teriparatide group showed two new hip fractures versus seven with risedronate (p = 0.171) and more frequent hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. In conclusion, 78-week treatment with teriparatide showed significantly greater increases in LS and FN BMD, less pain, and a faster TUG test versus risedronate. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessment of Sex Differences in Fracture Risk Among Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using The Health Improvement Network
Authors: Nagata Jason M , Golden Neville H , Leonard Mary B , Copelovitch Lawrence , Denburg Michelle R 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Though previous studies have demonstrated an increased fracture risk in females with anorexia nervosa (AN), fracture risk in males is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine sex differences in fracture risk and site-specific fracture incidence in AN. We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using The Health Improvement Network (THIN; a large database of anonymized electronic medical records collected at primary care clinics throughout the United Kingdom). The median calendar year for the start of the observation period was 2004–2005. We identified 9239 females and 556 males &lt;60 years of age with AN, and 97,889 randomly selected sex-, age-, and practice-matched participants without eating disorders (92,329 females and 5560 males). Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident fracture. Median age at start of observation was 29.8 years in females and 30.2 years in males. The HR for fracture associated with AN differed by sex and age (interaction p = 0.002). Females with AN had an increased fracture risk at all ages (HR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 1.75). AN was associated with a higher risk of fracture among males &gt;40 years of age (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.90; p = 0.005) but not among males ≤40 years. Females with AN had a higher risk of fracture at nearly all anatomic sites. The greatest excess fracture risk was noted at the hip/femur (HR, 5.59; 95% CI, 3.44 to 9.09) and pelvis (HR, 4.54; 95% CI, 2.42 to 8.50) in females and at the vertebrae (HR, 7.25; 95% CI, 1.21 to 43.45) for males with AN. AN was associated with higher incident fracture risk in females across all age groups and in males &gt;40 years old. Sites of highest fracture risk include the hip/femur and pelvis in females and vertebrae in males with AN. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evidence for the hERG Liability of Antihistamines, Antipsychotics, and Anti‐Infective Agents: A Systematic Literature Review From the ARITMO Project
Authors: Hazell Lorna , Raschi Emanuel , De Ponti Fabrizio , Thomas Simon H. L. , Salvo Francesco , Ahlberg Helgee Ernst , Boyer Scott , Sturkenboom Miriam , Shakir Saad 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA systematic review was performed to categorize the hERG (human ether‐a‐go‐go–related gene) liability of antihistamines, antipsychotics, and anti‐infectives and to compare it with current clinical risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). Eligible studies were hERG assays reporting half‐minimal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). A “hERG safety margin” was calculated from the IC50 divided by the peak human plasma concentration (free Cmax). A margin below 30 defined hERG liability. Each drug was assigned an “uncertainty score” based on volume, consistency, precision, and internal and external validity of evidence. The hERG liability was compared to existing knowledge on TdP risk (www.credibledrugs.org). Of 1828 studies, 82 were eligible, allowing calculation of safety margins for 61 drugs. Thirty‐one drugs (51%) had evidence of hERG liability including 6 with no previous mention of TdP risk (eg, desloratadine, lopinavir). Conversely, 16 drugs (26%) had no evidence of hERG liability including 6 with known, or at least conditional or possible, TdP risk (eg, chlorpromazine, sulpiride). The main sources of uncertainty were the validity of the experimental conditions used (antihistamines and antipsychotics) and nonuse of reference compounds (anti‐infectives). In summary, hERG liability was categorized for 3 widely used drug classes, incorporating a qualitative assessment of the strength of available evidence. Some concordance with TdP risk was observed, although several drugs had hERG liability without evidence of clinical risk and vice versa. This may be due to gaps in clinical evidence, limitations of hERG/Cmax data, or other patient/drug‐specific factors that contribute to real‐life TdP risk.
Antibiotic prescribing practices in aged care facilities in regional NSW and the ACT
Authors: Pringle Samantha , Simpson Maree , Nielsen Sharon , Cooper Carl , Vanniasinkam Thiru 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance is a major global threat to mankind. Inappropriate antibiotic use has been identified as one of the greatest contributors to antibiotic resistance. There is currently a paucity of data on antibiotic use in aged care facilities, globally and in the Australian setting.AimTo investigate the current antibiotic prescribing practices and use in aged care facilities in the Riverina, New South Wales (NSW), and metropolitan Australian Capital Territory (ACT).MethodCare managers of aged care facilities in the ACT and Riverina, as well as pharmacists who service aged care facilities in regional NSW and ACT, were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to antibiotic use in aged care facilities. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsMost facilities in the ACT (85%) and NSW (90%) had some form of protocol in place for the prescribing and obtaining of antibiotics for residents. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic across participating facilities was cephalexin and the most common indication for antibiotic use was urinary tract infection. No statistically significant differences in antibiotic use and antibiotic prescribing practices were observed between metropolitan ACT and regional NSW aged care facilities. There was a statistically significant association between facilities with residents taking antibiotics for ongoing conditions and those that have experienced situations in the past 12 months in which the initially prescribed antibiotic did not work and another had to be used (p = 0.004944).ConclusionThe data from this study can inform further studies that may be used to inform the development of antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in aged care facilities.
Prognostic value of biochemical variables for survival after surgery for metastatic bone disease of the extremities
Authors: Sørensen Michala Skovlund , Hovgaard Thea Bechman , Hindsø Klaus , Petersen Michael Mørk 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Prediction of survival in patients having surgery for metastatic bone disease in the extremities (MBDex) has been of interest in more than two decades. Hitherto no consensus on the value of biochemical variables has been achieved. Our purpose was (1) to investigate if standard biochemical variables have independent prognostic value for survival after surgery for MBDex and (2) to identify optimal prognostic cut off values for survival of biochemical variables.METHODS:In a consecutive cohort of 270 patients having surgery for MBDex, we measured preoperative biochemical variables: hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, C‐reactive protein and absolute, neutrophil and lymphocyte count. ROC curve analyses were performed to identify optimal cut off levels. Independent prognostic factors for variables were addressed with multiple Cox regression analyses.RESULTS:Optimal cut off levels were identified as: hemoglobin 7.45 mmol/L, absolute lymphocyte count 8.5 × 109/L, neutrophil 5.68 × 109/L, lymphocyte 1.37 × 109/L, C‐reactive protein 22.5 mg/L, and alkaline phosphatase 129 U/L. Regression analyses found alkaline phosphatase (HR 2.49) and neutrophil count (HR 2.49) to be independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS:We found neutrophil count and alkaline phosphatase to be independent prognostic variables in predicting survival in patients after surgery for MBDex.
Clinical Determinants of Parkinson's Disease‐associated Pain Using the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale
Authors: Rodríguez‐Violante Mayela , Alvarado‐Bolaños Alonso , Cervantes‐Arriaga Amin , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Rizos Alexandra , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundPain is a frequent feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). Current knowledge on pain and its associated factors in PD has been obtained using nondisease‐specific tools. Recently, the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) was published as the first disease‐specific scale. The aim of this study was to assess PD‐associated pain and its main determinants using the KPPS.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out. Consecutive patients with PD were recruited from a movement disorders clinic. Clinical and demographical data were collected. The KPPS, the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale were used to assess all participants.ResultsIn total, 314 patients were included. Overall, 88.6% of the sample reported at least 1 type of pain. The mean ± standard KPPS score was 18.8 ± 19.5. Factors associated with higher KPSS scores were female sex (P < 0.001), levodopa treatment (P < 0.001), the presence of depressed mood (P < 0.001), wearing off (P = 0.003), and dyskinesia (P = 0.005). Participants who had postural instability and gait difficulty motor subtypes had higher KPPS scores compared with those who had other subtypes. Multivariate regression analysis showed that only sex, motor subtype, depressed mood, and Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale sleep/fatigue domain scores achieved statistical significance as determinants (all P < 0.01).ConclusionPD‐associated pain is a frequent symptom that tends to increase in both frequency and severity as disease progresses. Risk factors for increased burden include female gender, postural instability and gait difficulty motor subtypes, mood alterations, and sleep/fatigue disturbances.
Academic productivity of faculty associated with microsurgery fellowships
Authors: Ruan Qing Zhao , Ricci Joseph A. , Silvestre Jason , Ho Olivia A. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe Hirsch index (h‐index) is widely recognized as a reliable measure of academic productivity. While previous studies have applied the h‐index to surgical disciplines, none have analyzed microsurgery faculty. This manuscript aims to examine the h‐index of microsurgery fellowship faculty to categorize its applicability to microsurgeons as a determinant of academic output.MethodsFaculty demographics and institution characteristics were obtained from the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) and official program websites. Faculty h‐indices were calculated using the Scopus database (Elsevier, USA). Data was assessed using bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression models to determine the relationship between independent variables and total publications, career h‐index and 5‐year h‐index (h5‐index) of each faculty.ResultsA total of 139 faculties from 22 programs met inclusion criteria. The median faculty age was 44 (IQR 13) and 84.9% of faculty were male. Faculty size, number of years of fellowship existence, number of fellows, FACS memberships, number of free flaps annually, and academic appointment title were significantly associated with the total publications, h‐index, and h5‐index. Multivariable analysis based on the significant independent variables demonstrated that geographical region and faculty ranks were significantly associated with the h5‐index.ConclusionsVariables associated with seniority (age, years of practice after fellowship, and academic appointment) were positively correlated with the h‐index. Given the increased use of bibliometrics in academic medicine, these results show that h‐index is a viable tool that can be used to assess research productivity among academic microsurgeons.
A safflower oil based high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation
Authors: Danneskiold‐Samsøe Niels Banhos , Andersen Daniel , Radulescu Ilinca Daria , Normann‐Hansen Ann , Brejnrod Asker , Kragh Marie , Madsen Tobias , Nielsen Christian , Josefsen Knud , Fretté Xavier , Fjære Even , Madsen Lise , Hellgren Lars I. , Brix Susanne , Kristiansen Karsten 
Published: December 2016

ScopeOmega‐6 (n‐6) PUFA‐rich diets are generally considered obesogenic in rodents. Here, we examined how long‐term intake of a high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HF/HS) diet based on safflower oil affected metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition.Methods and resultsWe fed male C57BL/6J mice a HF/HS diet based on safflower oil—rich in n‐6 PUFAs—or a low‐fat/low‐sucrose diet for 40 wk. Compared to the low‐fat/low‐sucrose diet, intake of the safflower‐based HF/HS diet only led to moderate weight gain, while glucose intolerance developed at week 5 prior to signs of inflammation, but concurrent with increased levels of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in hepatic phospholipids. Intake of the HF/HS diet resulted in early changes in the gut microbiota, including an increased abundance of Blautia, while late changes coincided with altered inflammatory profiles and increased fasting plasma insulin. Analysis of immune cells in visceral fat and liver revealed no differences between diets before week 40, where the number of immune cells decreased in the liver of HF/HS‐fed mice.ConclusionWe suggest that a diet‐dependent increase in the n‐6 to omega‐3 (n‐3) PUFA ratio in hepatic phospholipids together with gut microbiota changes contributed to early development of glucose intolerance without signs of inflammation.
Sesamol ameliorates diet‐induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice and suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells via regulating mitochondria‐lipid metabolism
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Qiao Qinglian , Sun Yali , Chen Yuwei , Ren Bo , Liu Xuebo 
Published: December 2016

ScopeThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of sesamol, a natural powerful antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory phenol derivative of sesame oil, on adiposity and adiposity‐related metabolic disturbances in mice fed with western diet, and the potential underlying mechanisms focusing on the mitochondria‐lipid metabolism.Methods and resultsIn the experimental model that consisted of 3‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice divided into three groups with/without sesamol in the drinking water including standard diet, high fat and high fructose diet (HFFD), and HFFD with sesamol. Results demonstrated that sesamol mitigated bodyweight gain, development of insulin resistance induced by HFFD. Sesamol was found partially normalized serum and hepatic lipid contents, as well as suppressed HFFD‐induced lipogenesis in liver via regulating mitochondria‐related triglyceride/cholesterol metabolism genes expressions. Importantly, sesamol decreased mass and adipocyte sizes of white adipose tissues and brown adipose tissues by improving mitochondria‐related genes expressions includingPgc1aandUcp1. Moreover, sesamol was also found to reduce differentiation and mitochondrial metabolic inhibitors (oligomycin and antimycin A) stimulated lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.ConclusionTaken together, this study provides compelling evidence that sesamol supplementation reduced adipocyte size and adipogenesis of diet‐induced obesity by regulating mitochondria lipid metabolism.
Creatine and creatine forms intended for sports nutrition
Authors: Andres Susanne , Ziegenhagen Rainer , Trefflich Iris , Pevny Sophie , Schultrich Katharina , Braun Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm , Hirsch‐Ernst Karen Ildico , Schäfer Bernd , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: December 2016

Creatine is a popular ergogenic supplement in sports nutrition. Yet, supplementation of creatine occasionally caused adverse effects such as gastrointestinal complaints, muscle cramps and an increase in body weight. Creatine monohydrate has already been evaluated by different competent authorities and several have come to the conclusion that a daily intake of 3 g creatine per person is unlikely to pose safety concerns, focusing on healthy adults with exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Possible vulnerable subgroups were also discussed in relation to the safety of creatine.The present review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the relevant information with special focus on human studies regarding the safety of creatine monohydrate and other marketed creatine forms, in particular creatine pyruvate, creatine citrate, creatine malate, creatine taurinate, creatine phosphate, creatine orotate, creatine ethyl ester, creatine pyroglutamate, creatine gluconate, and magnesium creatine chelate. Limited data are available with regard to the safety of the latter creatine forms. Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.
High dose‐per‐pulse electron beam dosimetry: Usability and dose‐rate independence of EBT3 Gafchromic films
Authors: Jaccard Maud , Petersson Kristoffer , Buchillier Thierry , Germond Jean‐François , Durán Maria Teresa , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Bourhis Jean , Bochud François O. , Bailat Claude 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Gafchromic EBT3 films for reference dose measurements in the beam of a prototype high dose‐per‐pulse linear accelerator (linac), capable of delivering electron beams with a mean dose‐rate (Ḋm) ranging from 0.07 to 3000 Gy/s and a dose‐rate in pulse (Ḋp) of up to 8 × 106 Gy/s. To do this, we evaluated the overall uncertainties in EBT3 film dosimetry as well as the energy and dose‐rate dependence of their response.Material and methodsOur dosimetric system was composed of EBT3 Gafchromic films in combination with a flatbed scanner and was calibrated against an ionization chamber traceable to primary standard. All sources of uncertainties in EBT3 dosimetry were carefully analyzed using irradiations at a clinical radiotherapy linac. Energy dependence was investigated with the same machine by acquiring and comparing calibration curves for three different beam energies (4, 8 and 12 MeV), for doses between 0.25 and 30 Gy. Ḋm dependence was studied at the clinical linac by changing the pulse repetition frequency (f) of the beam in order to vary Ḋm between 0.55 and 4.40 Gy/min, while Ḋp dependence was probed at the prototype machine for Ḋp ranging from 7 × 103 to 8 × 106 Gy/s. Ḋp dependence was first determined by studying the correlation between the dose measured by films and the charge of electrons measured at the exit of the machine by an induction torus. Furthermore, we compared doses from the films to independently calibrated thermo‐luminescent dosimeters (TLD) that have been reported as being dose‐rate independent up to such high dose‐rates.ResultsWe report that uncertainty below 4% (k = 2) can be achieved in the dose range between 3 and 17 Gy. Results also demonstrated that EBT3 films did not display any detectable energy dependence for electron beam energies between 4 and 12 MeV. No Ḋm dependence was found either. In addition, we obtained excellent consistency between films and TLDs over the entire Ḋp range attainable at the prototype linac confirming the absence of any dose‐rate dependence within the investigated range (7 × 103 to 8 × 106 Gy/s). This aspect was further corroborated by the linear relationship between the dose‐per‐pulse (Dp) measured by films and the charge per pulse (Cp) measured at the prototype linac exit.ConclusionOur study shows that the use of EBT3 Gafchromic films can be extended to reference dosimetry in pulsed electron beams with a very high dose rate. The measurement results are associated with an overall uncertainty below 4% (k = 2) and are dose‐rate and energy independent.