bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Miniaturized Therapeutic Chromophore for Multiple Metal Pollutant Sensing, Pathological Metal Diagnosis and Logical Computing
Authors: Rout Bhimsen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe efficacy of a miniaturized unimolecular analytic system is illustrated. The easily accessible therapeutic chromophore “temoporfin”, which responds differentially to bound metals at multiple wavelengths of Q-band absorption using chemometric analysis, expeditiously detects and discriminates a wide range of metals regarded as priority pollutants in water and hence may also be used for diagnosis of medically relevant metals in human urine. The molecule was further investigated as an electronic logic device, e.g. keypad lock device, to authorize multiple highly secure chemical passwords for information protection.
Stenosis triggers spread of helical Pseudomonas biofilms in cylindrical flow systems
Authors: Espeso David R. , Carpio Ana , Martínez-García Esteban , de Lorenzo Victor 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiofilms are multicellular bacterial structures that adhere to surfaces and often endow the bacterial population with tolerance to antibiotics and other environmental insults. Biofilms frequently colonize the tubing of medical devices through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we studied the helicoidal spread of Pseudomonas putida biofilms through cylindrical conduits of varied diameters in slow laminar flow regimes. Numerical simulations of such flows reveal vortical motion at stenoses and junctions, which enhances bacterial adhesion and fosters formation of filamentous structures. Formation of long, downstream-flowing bacterial threads that stem from narrowings and connections was detected experimentally, as predicted by our model. Accumulation of bacterial biomass makes the resulting filaments undergo a helical instability. These incipient helices then coarsened until constrained by the tubing walls and spread along the whole tube length without obstructing the flow. A three-dimensional discrete filament model supports this coarsening mechanism and yields simulations of helix dynamics in accordance with our experimental observations. These findings describe an unanticipated mechanism for bacterial spreading in tubing networks which might be involved in some hospital-acquired infections and bacterial contamination of catheters.
Polymer Morphological Change Induced by Terahertz Irradiation
Authors: Hoshina Hiromichi , Suzuki Hal , Otani Chiko , Nagai Masaya , Kawase Keigo , Irizawa Akinori , Isoyama Goro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs terahertz (THz) frequencies correspond to those of the intermolecular vibrational modes in a polymer, intense THz wave irradiation affects the macromolecular polymorph, which determines the polymer properties and functions. THz photon energy is quite low compared to the covalent bond energy; therefore, conformational changes can be induced “softly,” without damaging the chemical structures. Here, we irradiate a poly(3-hydroxybutylate) (PHB) / chloroform solution during solvent casting crystallization using a THz wave generated by a free electron laser (FEL). Morphological observation shows the formation of micrometer-sized crystals in response to the THz wave irradiation. Further, a 10−20% increase in crystallinity is observed through analysis of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra. The peak power density of the irradiating THz wave is 40 MW/cm2, which is significantly lower than the typical laser intensities used for material manipulation. We demonstrate for the first time that the THz wave effectively induces the intermolecular rearrangement of polymer macromolecules.
Low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene Glu-B3h confers superior dough strength and breadmaking quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Wang Yaping , Zhen Shoumin , Luo Nana , Han Caixia , Lu Xiaobing , Li Xiaohui , Xia Xianchun , He Zhonghu , Yan Yueming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLow molecular weight glutenin subunit is one of the important quality elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Although considerable allelic variation has been identified, the functional properties of individual alleles at Glu-3 loci are less studied. In this work, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the Glu-B3h gene using the wheat cultivar CB037B and its Glu-B3 deletion line CB037C. The results showed that the Glu-B3h deletion had no significant effects on plant morphological or yield traits, but resulted in a clear reduction in protein body number and size and main quality parameters, including inferior mixing property, dough strength, loaf volume and score. Molecular characterization showed that the Glu-B3h gene consists of 1179 bp and its encoded B-subunit has a longer repetitive domain and an increased number of α-helices, as well as higher expression, which could contribute to superior flour quality. The SNP-based allele-specific PCR markers designed for the Glu-B3h gene were developed and validated with bread wheat holding various alleles at Glu-B3 locus, which could effectively distinguish the Glu-B3h gene from others at the Glu-B3 locus and have potential applications for wheat quality improvement through marker-assisted selection.
Experiments with Seasonal Forecasts of ocean conditions for the Northern region of the California Current upwelling system
Authors: Siedlecki Samantha A. , Kaplan Isaac C. , Hermann Albert J. , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Bond Nicholas A. , Newton Jan A. , Williams Gregory D. , Peterson William T. , Alin Simone R. , Feely Richard A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResource managers at the state, federal, and tribal levels make decisions on a weekly to quarterly basis, and fishers operate on a similar timeframe. To determine the potential of a support tool for these efforts, a seasonal forecast system is experimented with here. JISAO’s Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the Ecosystem (J-SCOPE) features dynamical downscaling of regional ocean conditions in Washington and Oregon waters using a combination of a high-resolution regional model with biogeochemistry and forecasts from NOAA’s Climate Forecast System (CFS). Model performance and predictability were examined for sea surface temperature (SST), bottom temperature, bottom oxygen, pH, and aragonite saturation state through model hindcasts, reforecast, and forecast comparisons with observations. Results indicate J-SCOPE forecasts have measurable skill on seasonal timescales. Experiments suggest that seasonal forecasting of ocean conditions important for fisheries is possible with the right combination of components. Those components include regional predictability on seasonal timescales of the physical environment from a large-scale model, a high-resolution regional model with biogeochemistry that simulates seasonal conditions in hindcasts, a relationship with local stakeholders, and a real-time observational network. Multiple efforts and approaches in different regions would advance knowledge to provide additional tools to fishers and other stakeholders.
The topology of large Open Connectome networks for the human brain
Authors: Gastner Michael T. , Ódor Géza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe structural human connectome (i.e. the network of fiber connections in the brain) can be analyzed at ever finer spatial resolution thanks to advances in neuroimaging. Here we analyze several large data sets for the human brain network made available by the Open Connectome Project. We apply statistical model selection to characterize the degree distributions of graphs containing up to "Equation missing"nodes and "Equation missing"edges. A three-parameter generalized Weibull (also known as a stretched exponential) distribution is a good fit to most of the observed degree distributions. For almost all networks, simple power laws cannot fit the data, but in some cases there is statistical support for power laws with an exponential cutoff. We also calculate the topological (graph) dimensionDand the small-world coefficient σ of these networks. While σ suggests a small-world topology, we found thatD < 4 showing that long-distance connections provide only a small correction to the topology of the embedding three-dimensional space.
Discrimination of Breast Cancer with Microcalcifications on Mammography by Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Yang Xi , Cai Hongmin , Tan Wanchang , Jin Cangzheng , Li Li 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicrocalcification is an effective indicator of early breast cancer. To improve the diagnostic accuracy of microcalcifications, this study evaluates the performance of deep learning-based models on large datasets for its discrimination. A semi-automated segmentation method was used to characterize all microcalcifications. A discrimination classifier model was constructed to assess the accuracies of microcalcifications and breast masses, either in isolation or combination, for classifying breast lesions. Performances were compared to benchmark models. Our deep learning model achieved a discriminative accuracy of 87.3% if microcalcifications were characterized alone, compared to 85.8% with a support vector machine. The accuracies were 61.3% for both methods with masses alone and improved to 89.7% and 85.8% after the combined analysis with microcalcifications. Image segmentation with our deep learning model yielded 15, 26 and 41 features for the three scenarios, respectively. Overall, deep learning based on large datasets was superior to standard methods for the discrimination of microcalcifications. Accuracy was increased by adopting a combinatorial approach to detect microcalcifications and masses simultaneously. This may have clinical value for early detection and treatment of breast cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Panobinostat in Relapsed or/and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Meta Analyses of Clinical Trials and Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Jing-di , Sun Chun-yan , Tang Liang , Wu Ying-ying , Wang Qing-yun , Hu Bei , Hu Yu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring the past decades, many novel agents have improved response and survival of patients with multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, it remains challenging when they suffer relapsing. Thus, novel therapeutic agents are needed. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel agent panobinostat for patients with relapsed or/and refractory MM. A systematic literature review identified studies for clinical trials about panobinostat in patients with relapsed or/and refractory MM. We searched studies published between January 2000 and December 2015 in Pubmed, Ovid, EBSCO and the Cochrane library. Random-effect pooled estimates were calculated for overall response rate and rates of common adverse effects. The results showed 11 clinical trials including 700 patients with relapsed or/and refractory MM treated with panobinostat were identified. The ORR varied between 0.08 and 0.67. Pooled analyses showed the results that the ORR was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.31–0.59, I2 = 90.5%, P = 0.000) for panobinostat combined with any other kind of drugs. The most common Grade3/4 adverse effects were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea and so on. In conclusion, based on our analyses, the regimen of panobinostat combining with other agents seems to be well tolerated and efficacious in patients with relapsed or/and refractory MM.
Biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys with enhanced osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and long-lasting antibacterial effects
Authors: Liu Chen , Fu Xuekun , Pan Haobo , Wan Peng , Wang Lei , Tan Lili , Wang Kehong , Zhao Ying , Yang Ke , Chu Paul K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys is designed to induce osteogenesis, stimulate angiogenesis, and provide long-lasting antibacterial performance at the same time. The Mg-Cu alloys with precipitated Mg2Cu intermetallic phases exhibit accelerated degradation in the physiological environment due to galvanic corrosion and the alkaline environment combined with Cu release endows the Mg-Cu alloys with prolonged antibacterial effects. In addition to no cytotoxicity towards HUVECs and MC3T3-E1 cells, the Mg-Cu alloys, particularly Mg-0.03Cu, enhance the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, collagen secretion, osteogenesis-related gene and protein expressions of MC3T3-E1 cells, cell proliferation, migration, endothelial tubule forming, angiogenesis-related gene, and protein expressions of HUVECs compared to pure Mg. The favorable osteogenesis and angiogenesis are believed to arise from the release of bioactive Mg and Cu ions into the biological environment and the biodegradable Mg-Cu alloys with osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and long-term antibacterial ability are very promising in orthopedic applications.
Patient derived mutation W257G of PPP2R1A enhances cancer cell migration through SRC-JNK-c-Jun pathway
Authors: Jeong Ae Lee , Han Sora , Lee Sunyi , Su Park Jeong , Lu Yiling , Yu Shuangxing , Li Jane , Chun Kyung-Hee , Mills Gordon B. , Yang Young 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMutation of PPP2R1A has been observed at high frequency in endometrial serous carcinomas but at low frequency in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. However, the biological role of mutation of PPP2R1A in ovarian and endometrial cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that PPP2R1A expression is elevated in high-grade primary tumor patients with papillary serous tumors of the ovary. To determine whether increased levels or mutation of PPP2R1A might contribute to cancer progression, the effects of overexpression or mutation of PPP2R1A on cell proliferation, migration, and PP2A phosphatase activity were investigated using ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Among the mutations, PPP2R1A-W257G enhanced cell migration in vitro through activating SRC-JNK-c-Jun pathway. Overexpression of wild type (WT) PPP2R1A increased its binding ability with B56 regulatory subunits, whereas PPP2R1A-mutations lost the ability to bind to most B56 subunits except B56δ. Total PP2A activity and PPP2R1A-associated PP2Ac activity were significantly increased in cells overexpressing PPP2R1A-WT. In addition, overexpression of PPP2R1A-WT increased cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
Summer diapause induced by high temperatures in the oriental tobacco budworm: ecological adaptation to hot summers
Authors: Liu Zhudong , Xin Yucui , Zhang Yanan , Fan Jianting , Sun Jianghua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSummer diapause in Helicoverpa assulta (Hübner), which prolongs the pupal stage, particularly in males, is induced by high temperatures. In the laboratory, 3rd-, 4th-, 6th-instar and prepupal larvae were exposed to high temperatures – 33 and 35 °C with a photoperiod of LD16:8 – until pupation to induce summer diapause. The results showed that the incidence of summer diapause was influenced by temperature, stage exposed and sex. The higher the temperature, the more often summer diapause was attained. Sixth-instar and prepupal larvae were the sensitive stages for summer diapause induction. H. assulta summer-diapausing pupae needed diapause development to resume development when temperatures became favorable. Furthermore, both body mass and energy storage capacity (lipid and glycogen) were significantly affected by diapause rather than sex and were significantly higher in summer-diapausing pupae than in non-diapausing pupae. In addition, the body mass loss and respiration rate showed that the rate of metabolism in the summer-diapausing pupae was consistently lower than in non-diapausing pupae, which were significantly affected by diapause and pupal age. We conclude that summer diapause in H. assulta is a true diapause and H. assulta has evolved mechanisms to accumulate energy storage and to lower its metabolism to adapt to hot summers.
Dependency Network Analysis (DEPNA) Reveals Context Related Influence of Brain Network Nodes
Authors: Jacob Yael , Winetraub Yonatan , Raz Gal , Ben-Simon Eti , Okon-Singer Hadas , Rosenberg-Katz Keren , Hendler Talma , Ben-Jacob Eshel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCommunication between and within brain regions is essential for information processing within functional networks. The current methods to determine the influence of one region on another are either based on temporal resolution, or require a predefined model for the connectivity direction. However these requirements are not always achieved, especially in fMRI studies, which have poor temporal resolution. We thus propose a new graph theory approach that focuses on the correlation influence between selected brain regions, entitled Dependency Network Analysis (DEPNA). Partial correlations are used to quantify the level of influence of each node during task performance. As a proof of concept, we conducted the DEPNA on simulated datasets and on two empirical motor and working memory fMRI tasks. The simulations revealed that the DEPNA correctly captures the network’s hierarchy of influence. Applying DEPNA to the functional tasks reveals the dynamics between specific nodes as would be expected from prior knowledge. To conclude, we demonstrate that DEPNA can capture the most influencing nodes in the network, as they emerge during specific cognitive processes. This ability opens a new horizon for example in delineating critical nodes for specific clinical interventions.
Real-time device-scale imaging of conducting filament dynamics in resistive switching materials
Authors: Lee Keundong , Tchoe Youngbin , Yoon Hosang , Baek Hyeonjun , Chung Kunook , Lee Sangik , Yoon Chansoo , Park Bae Ho , Yi Gyu-Chul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReRAM is a compelling candidate for next-generation non-volatile memory owing to its various advantages. However, fluctuation of operation parameters are critical weakness occurring failures in ‘reading’ and ‘writing’ operations. To enhance the stability, it is important to understand the mechanism of the devices. Although numerous studies have been conducted using AFM or TEM, the understanding of the device operation is still limited due to the destructive nature and/or limited imaging range of the previous methods. Here, we propose a new hybrid device composed of ReRAM and LED enabling us to monitor the conducting filament (CF) configuration on the device scale during resistive switching. We directly observe the change in CF configuration across the whole device area through light emission from our hybrid device. In contrast to former studies, we found that minor CFs were formed earlier than major CF contributing to the resistive switching. Moreover, we investigated the substitution of a stressed major CF with a fresh minor CF when large fluctuation of operation voltage appeared after more than 50 times of resistive switching in atmospheric condition. Our results present an advancement in the understanding of ReRAM operation mechanism, and a step toward stabilizing the fluctuations in ReRAM switching parameters.
Rigorous intensity and phase-shift manipulation in optical frequency conversion
Authors: Yang Bo , Yue Yang-Yang , Lu Rong-er , Hong Xu-Hao , Zhang Chao , Qin Yi-Qiang , Zhu Yong-Yuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA simple method is employed to investigate the nonlinear frequency conversion in optical superlattices (OSL) with pump depletion. Four rigorous phase-matching conditions for different purposes are obtained directly from the nonlinear coupled equations and the resulting OSL domain structures are generally aperiodic rather than periodic. With this method, not only the intensity but also the phase-shift of the harmonic waves can be manipulated at will. The second-harmonic generation of Gaussian beam is further investigated. This work may provide a guidance for the practical applications of designing nonlinear optical devices with high conversion efficiency.
Stimulation of superoxide production increases fungicidal action of miconazole against Candida albicans biofilms
Authors: De Cremer Kaat , De Brucker Katrijn , Staes Ines , Peeters Annelies , Van den Driessche Freija , Coenye Tom , Cammue Bruno P. A. , Thevissen Karin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of miconazole-treatedCandida albicansbiofilms, using RNA-sequencing. Our aim was to identify molecular pathways employed by biofilm cells of this pathogen to resist action of the commonly used antifungal miconazole. As expected, genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and genes encoding drug efflux pumps were highly induced in biofilm cells upon miconazole treatment. Other processes were affected as well, including the electron transport chain (ETC), of which eight components were transcriptionally downregulated. Within a diverse set of 17 inhibitors/inducers of the transcriptionally affected pathways, the ETC inhibitors acted most synergistically with miconazole againstC. albicansbiofilm cells. Synergy was not observed for planktonically growingC. albicanscultures or when biofilms were treated in oxygen-deprived conditions, pointing to a biofilm-specific oxygen-dependent tolerance mechanism. In line, a correlation between miconazole’s fungicidal action againstC. albicansbiofilm cells and the levels of superoxide radicals was observed and confirmed both genetically and pharmacologically using a triple superoxide dismutase mutant and a superoxide dismutase inhibitor N-N′-diethyldithiocarbamate, respectively. Consequently, ETC inhibitors that result in mitochondrial dysfunction and affect production of reactive oxygen species can increase miconazole’s fungicidal activity againstC. albicansbiofilm cells.
Thyrostimulin-TSHR signaling promotes the proliferation of NIH:OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells via trans-regulation of the EGFR pathway
Authors: Huang Wei-Lin , Li Zhongyou , Lin Ting-Yu , Wang Sheng-Wen , Wu Fang-Ju , Luo Ching-Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGonadotropin signaling plays an indispensable role in ovarian cancer progression. We previously have demonstrated that thyrostimulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), the most ancient glycoprotein hormone and receptor pair that evolved much earlier than the gonadotropin systems, co-exist in the ovary. However, whether thyrostimulin-driven TSHR activation contributes to ovarian cancer progression in a similar way to gonadotropin receptors has never been explored. In this study, we first found that TSHR is expressed in both rat normal ovarian surface epithelium and human epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs). Using human NIH:OVCAR-3 as a cell model, we demonstrated that thyrostimulin promotes EOC cell proliferation as strongly as gonadotropins. Thyrostimulin treatment not only activated adenylyl cyclase and the subsequent PKA, MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT signal cascades, but also trans-activated EGFR signaling. Signaling dissection using diverse inhibitors indicated that EOC cell proliferation driven by thyrostimulin-TSHR signaling is PKA independent, but does require the involvement of the MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signal cascades, which are activated mainly via the trans-activation of EGFR. Thus, not only have we proved that this ancient glycoprotein hormone system is involved in NIH:OVCAR-3 cell proliferation for the first time, but also that it may possibly become a novel oncotarget when studying ovarian cancer.