bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned media in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: Clinical, ophthalmological and radiological assessments of safety and efficacy
Authors: Dahbour Said , Jamali Fatima , Alhattab Dana , Al‐Radaideh Ali , Ababneh Osama , Al‐Ryalat Nosaiba , Al‐Bdour Muawyeh , Hourani Bayan , Msallam Mohammed , Rasheed Murad , Huneiti Ammar , Bahou Yacoub , Tarawneh Emad , Awidi Abdalla 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAimsThis open‐label prospective phase I/IIa clinical study used autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) followed by mesenchymal stromal cells conditioned media (MSC‐CM) for the first time to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The primary goal was to assess the safety and feasibility and the secondary was efficacy. The correlation between the MSC‐CM content and treatment outcome was investigated.MethodsTen MS patients who failed conventional therapy were enrolled. Adverse events were recorded to assess safety. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was the primary efficacy measurement, the secondary included clinical (25WFT, 9‐PHT), cognitive (MMS), ophthalmology (OCT, VEP), and radiological (MRI lesion and volume) tests. The MSCs‐CM concentration of 27 inflammatory biomarkers was investigated.ResultsThe treatment protocol was well tolerated by patients. There was an overall trend of improvement in all the tests, except the lesion volume which increased significantly. A decrease of 4 and 3.5 points on the EDSS was achieved in two patients. We report a correlation between a decreased lesion number at baseline and higher IL‐6, IL‐8, and VEGF MSC‐CM content.ConclusionThe used protocol was safe and feasible with possible efficacy. The addition of MSC‐CM could be related to the magnitude of EDSS improvement observed.
Claudin‐5 regulates blood‐brain barrier permeability by modifying brain microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion to prevent lung cancer metastasis
Authors: Ma Shun‐Chang , Li Qi , Peng Jia‐Yi , Zhouwen Jian‐Long , Diao Jin‐Fu , Niu Jian‐Xing , Wang Xi , Guan Xiu‐Dong , Jia Wang , Jiang Wen‐Guo 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAimsTo investigate the roles of Claudin‐5 (CLDN5) in regulating the permeability of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) during lung cancer brain metastasis.ResultsBy silencing and overexpressing the CLDN5 gene in human brain vascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cells, we demonstrated the attenuation of cell migration ability and CLDN5's significant positive role in cell proliferation in CLDN5‐overexpressing hCMEC/D3 cells and observed the opposite result in the CLDN5 knockdown group. The reinforced CLDN5 expression reduced the paracellular permeability of hCMEC/D3 cells and decreased the invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Overall, 1685 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the CLDN5‐overexpressing cells and the control cells using the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0), and the function of these genes was determined by Gene Ontology and pathway analyses. The possible biological functions of the 1685 genes include cell proliferation, adhesion molecules, and the Jak‐STAT, PI3K‐Akt, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. The identified sets of mRNAs that were specific to CLDN5‐overexpressing hCMEC/D3 cells were verified by a qRT‐PCR experiment.ConclusionCLDN5 regulates the permeability of BBB by regulating the proliferation, migration, and permeability of hCMEC/D3 cells, especially through the cell adhesion molecule signaling pathway, to enhance the function of the tight junctions, which was involved in reducing the formation of lung cancer brain metastasis.
Surgery for constipation: systematic review and practice recommendations
Authors: Pilkington S. A. , Emmett C. , Knowles C. H. , Mason J. , Yiannakou Y. ,   the NIHR CapaCiTY working group,   Pelvic floor Society
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation in adults with chronic constipation.MethodStandardised methods and reporting of benefits and harms were used for all CapaCiTY reviews that closely adhered to PRISMA 2016 guidance. Main conclusions were presented as summary evidence statements with a summative Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (2009) level.ResultsSeven articles were identified, providing data on outcomes in 375 patients. Length of procedures and length of stay was not reported. Data on harms were inconsistently reported and heterogeneous, making estimates of harm tentative and imprecise. Morbidity rates ranged between 13 and 34%, with overall device removal rate between 8 and 23%. Although inconsistently reported, pooled treatment success was typically 57–87% for patients receiving permanent implants, although there was significant variation between studies. Patient selection was inconsistently documented. No conclusions could be drawn regarding particular phenotypes that responded favourably or unfavourably to sacral nerve stimulation.ConclusionEvidence supporting sacral nerve stimulation is derived from poor quality studies. Three methodologically robust trials are have reported since this review and all have all urged greater caution.
Changes in inflammatory mediators as a result of intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Sozer Volkan , Kutnu Müge , Atahan Ersan , Calıskaner Ozturk Buket , Hysi Ergi , Cabuk Cansu , Musellim Benan , Simsek Gonul , Uzun Hafize 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), pentraxin‐3 (PTX‐3), procalcitonin (ProCT), interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) and its soluble receptor ST2 (sST2) with the syndrome severity and to show theirs importance as biomarkers.MethodsThis study comprises a total of 84 identical (sex and age wise) cases. Full‐night polysomnography was performed in each patient. OSAS diagnosis and severity index being based on the widely used criterion known as Apnea Hypopnea Index(AHI). Subgroups were as follows: 24(AHI < 5) controls, 28 mild‐moderate OSAS(AHI 5–30) and 32 severe OSAS(AHI > 30).ResultsPTX‐3, IL‐33 and sST2 receptors were significantly higher in OSAS groups than the control group (P < .001). However, both CRP and ProCT levels were similar in all subjects. There was a positive correlation between PTX‐3 and BMI (r = 0.446; P < .01), ODI (r = 0.555; P < .01), IL‐33 (r = 0.348; P = .001) and sST2 (r = 326; P = .002), while there was a negative correlation with minimum SaO2 (r = −0.672; P < .01) in patient group. PTX‐3 as a predictor of OSAS showed highest specificity (%91.7) and sensitivity (%91.7) (P < .001).ConclusionsPTX‐3 can be a new indicator reflecting the inflammatory state in patients with OSAS. Since patients with OSAS could have more hypoxic state during sleep, we found higher PTX‐3 level in those patients and a negative correlation between PTX‐3 and minimum SaO2, which could explain that PTX‐3 levels can increase with the severity of disease. Our results suggest that PTX‐3 as an inflammatory biomarker may play a crucial role as an indicator of syndrome severity in OSAS.
The Investment CAPM
Authors: Zhang Lu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new class of Capital Asset Pricing Models (CAPM) arises from the first principle of real investment for individual firms. Conceptually as ‘causal’ as the consumption CAPM, yet empirically more tractable, the investment CAPM emerges as a leading asset pricing paradigm. Firms do a good job in aligning investment policies with costs of capital, and this alignment drives many empirical patterns that are anomalous in the consumption CAPM. Most important, integrating the anomalies literature in finance and accounting with neoclassical economics, the investment CAPM has succeeded in mounting an efficient markets counterrevolution to behavioural finance over the past 15 years.
Macroecology of seed banks: The role of biogeography, environmental stochasticity and sampling
Authors: Jabot Franck , Pottier Julien 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe study of seed banks has been mainly conducted at local scales, thereby hampering our general understanding of the assembly processes of these biodiversity reservoirs. Here, we aim to document worldwide macroecological patterns of seed bank diversity and of their similarity with aboveground vegetation. Our second aim is to investigate the likely drivers of these macroecological patterns and to lay the foundation of a metacommunity theory of seed banks.LocationWorldwide.Time period1989–2005.Major taxa studiedPlants.MethodsWe compiled a worldwide dataset of 130 seed banks located in grasslands. We assessed the likely drivers of seed bank diversity and similarity with aboveground vegetation, using structural equation modelling. We then developed a time‐averaged neutral model of coupled seed bank–vegetation (S‐V) dynamics that includes the effect of environmental stochasticity, and we compared its predictions with empirical findings.ResultsWe found evidence for two weak latitudinal gradients in seed bank diversity and S‐V similarity, with larger species richness and smaller similarity closer to the tropics. We then showed that seed bank richness and S‐V similarity are correlated with the following four distinct drivers: local environmental variability, plant regional diversity, seed bank density and sampling area. Finally, we showed that the predictions of the time‐averaged neutral model are remarkably in accord with empirical observations.Main conclusionsOur results lay the foundations of a metacommunity theory for seed banks. They challenge the standard view that seed banks are principally structured by environmental variability, by highlighting the additional key roles of dispersal and stochastic sampling on seed bank diversity patterns.
Sécurité sociale et résultats des entreprises: l'exemple des PME au Viet Nam
Authors: LEE Sangheon , TORM Nina 
Published: September 2017

RésuméLes auteurs examinent les effets de la sécurité sociale – critère du caractère formel de l'activité – sur les résultats des PME vietnamiennes. À partir de données sur les entreprises déclarées (2006–2011), ils constatent qu'une élévation de 10 pour cent de la couverture du personnel est associée à une augmentation du chiffre d'affaires et des profits allant respectivement de 1,4 à 2 pour cent et jusqu'à 1,8 pour cent par travailleur. Toutefois, étant donné le décalage entre l'«investissement» (versement des cotisations) et son rendement (performances supérieures), des politiques d'accompagnement sont nécessaires pour encourager les petites entreprises à s'annoncer aux régimes obligatoires.
Subventions à l'embauche et handicap: les enseignements d'une expérience à petite échelle
Authors: DEUCHERT Eva , KAUER Lukas 
Published: September 2017

RésuméL'efficacité des subventions à l'embauche destinées à faciliter l'insertion des personnes handicapées reste incertaine, car plusieurs effets – d'aubaine, de substitution et de signal – se superposent. Pour en savoir plus, les auteurs proposent un protocole original, dans lequel les employeurs sont informés de façon aléatoire du droit à subvention. L'analyse des taux de convocation à un entretien montre que la subvention a un effet nul, voire contre‐productif, pour un échantillon de jeunes fraîchement diplômés de l'enseignement professionnel. Cependant, l'effet de signal défavorable ainsi mis en évidence est nettement plus faible pour d'autres sujets suivis par un service d'orientation spécifique, déjà actifs avant l'acquisition du handicap.
Seis características centrales del mercado laboral chino. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: SONG Yang 
Published: September 2017

ResumenEn esta exhaustiva síntesis analítica del mercado laboral chino, el autor destaca: el desarrollo del sector privado en las zonas urbanas; el aumento de los salarios y de la desigualdad de ingresos; la persistencia del sistema hukou, que genera discriminación laboral, déficit de trabajadores en las zonas urbanas y excedente en las rurales; una estructura salarial de mercado, pero segmentada según el tipo de empresa; un desempleo relativamente bajo, y un papel relativamente débil de instituciones laborales tradicionales como el salario mínimo y los sindicatos. El artículo pretende contribuir a la elaboración de modelos teóricos más adaptados a China con miras a análisis de políticas más sólidos.
Reforma laboral en Turquía mediante la transposición de normas de múltiples fuentes
Authors: Ozkan Umut Riza 
Published: September 2017

ResumenBasándose en investigaciones recientes sobre «ideas en circulación» y «transposición», el autor analiza la introducción y adaptación de normas internacionales del trabajo de la OIT y directivas de la UE durante el proceso de reforma laboral en Turquía por los interlocutores sociales y la comisión que redactó la Ley del Trabajo de 2003. Tras examinar las motivaciones de todos ellos, se describe el proceso por el cual se modificaron y adaptaron dichas normas, conservando en ocasiones componentes de la antigua legislación, como las disposiciones sobre indemnización por despido.
Predicting aggressive behaviour in acute forensic mental health units: A re‐examination of the dynamic appraisal of situational aggression's predictive validity
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Daffern Michael , Bowe Steven J. , McKenna Brian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we explored the predictive validity of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) assessment tool in male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) patients admitted to the acute units of a forensic mental health hospital. We also tested the psychometric properties of the original DASA bands and novel risk bands. The first 60 days of each patient's file was reviewed to identify daily DASA scores and subsequent risk‐related nursing interventions and aggressive behaviour within the following 24 hours. Risk assessments, followed by documented nursing interventions, were removed to preserve the integrity of the risk‐assessment analysis. Receiver–operator characteristics were used to test the predictive accuracy of the DASA, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for repeated risk assessments, which occurs when analysing short‐term risk‐assessment data. The results revealed modest predictive validity for males and females. GEE analyses suggested the need to adjust the DASA risk bands to the following (with associated odds ratios (OR) for aggressive behaviour): 0 = low risk; 1, 2, 3 = moderate‐risk OR, 4.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.84–7.80); and 4, 5, 6, 7 = high‐risk OR, 16.13 (95% CI: 9.71–26.78). The adjusted DASA risk bands could assist nurses by prompting violence‐prevention interventions when the level of risk is elevated.
Multidimensional approach to restraint minimization: The journey of a specialized mental health organization
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra , Riahi Sanaz , Stuckey Melanie I. , Mildon Barbara A. , Klassen Philip E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe executive‐level witnessing and review of restraint events has been identified as a key strategy for restraint minimization. In the present study, we examined the changes in restraint practices at a tertiary‐level mental health‐care facility with implementation of an initiative, in which representatives from senior management, professional practice, peer support, and clinical ethics witnessed seclusion and restraint events, and rounded with clinical teams to discuss timely release and brainstorm prevention strategies. Interrupted time series analysis compared the change from pre‐implementation (14 months prior) to postimplementation (35 months’ following) in the number of incidents/month, total hours/month, and average hours/incident/month for each of seclusion and mechanical restraint. With implementation, there was a step decrease in average hours/seclusion (–28.3 hours/seclusion, P < 0.001) and total seclusion hours (–1264.5 hours, P = 0.002). The postimplementation rate of decrease of –0.9 hours/incident/month was different than the pre‐implementation rate of increase of 0.7 hours/incident/month for mechanical restraint (P = 0.03). Pre‐implementation, there was a rate of decrease of 6.1 incidents/month (P < 0.001) and 4.5 incidents/month (P = 0.001) for seclusion and mechanical restraint, respectively. Postimplementation, there was a rate of increase of 0.3 incidents/month and a rate of decrease of 0.05 incidents/month for seclusion and mechanical restraint, respectively, both of which were different than pre‐implementation (seclusion: P < 0.001, mechanical restraint: P = 0.002). In conclusion, the total hours of seclusion and average hours per seclusion and per restraint incident were reduced, demonstrating the value of leadership witnessing and daily rounds in promoting restraint minimization in tertiary‐level mental health care.
Is restraint a ‘necessary evil’ in mental health care? Mental health inpatients’ and staff members’ experience of physical restraint
Authors: Wilson Ceri , Rouse Lorna , Rae Sarah , Kar Ray Manaan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRestraint in mental health care has negative consequences, and guidelines/policies calling for its reduction have emerged internationally. However, there is tension between reducing restraint and maintaining safety. In order to reduce restraint, it is important to gain an understanding of the experience for all involved. The aim of the present study was to improve understanding of the experience of restraint for patients and staff with direct experience and witnesses. Interviews were conducted with 13 patients and 22 staff members from one UK National Health Service trust. The overarching theme, ‘is restraint a necessary evil?’, contained subthemes fitting into two ideas represented in the quote: ‘it never is very nice but…it's a necessary evil’. It ‘never is very nice’ was demonstrated by the predominantly negative emotional and relational outcomes reported (distress, fear, dehumanizing, negative impact on staff/patient relationships, decreased job satisfaction). However, a common theme from both staff and patients was that, while restraint is ‘never very nice’, it is a ‘necessary evil’ when used as a last resort due to safety concerns. Mental health‐care providers are under political pressure from national governments to reduce restraint, which is important in terms of reducing its negative outcomes for patients and staff; however, more research is needed into alternatives to restraint, while addressing the safety concerns of all parties. We need to ensure that by reducing or eliminating restraint, mental health wards neither become, nor feel, unsafe to patients or staff.
Violations of health information privacy: The role of attributions and anticipated regret in shaping whistle‐blowing intentions
Authors: Keil Mark , Park Eun Hee , Ramesh Balasubramaniam 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe examine the role of attributions, the seriousness of wrongdoing, and emotion in shaping individuals' whistle‐blowing intentions in the context of health information privacy violations. Based on 3 studies in which the intentionality of wrongdoing and the stability of wrongdoing were manipulated independently, we found consistent evidence that the intentionality of wrongdoing affects anticipated regret about remaining silent. The findings regarding the effect of stability, however, were mixed. In study 1, the stability of wrongdoing was found to affect anticipated regret about remaining silent, and in studies 2 and 3, stability was found to have a direct effect on whistle‐blowing intention but no effect on anticipated regret about remaining silent. In the 3 studies, the seriousness of wrongdoing was found to have an effect on whistle‐blowing intentions, but this effect was mediated by anticipated regret about remaining silent. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Prevalence of tooth forms and their gender correlation
Authors: Mahn Eduardo , Walls Stephanie , Jorquera Gilbert , Valdés Ana María , Val Alejandra , Sampaio Camila S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated different tooth shapes from female and male genders, matching them with the firstly proposed pure basic forms, and proposed different hybrid shapes; it also evaluated the percentage of correct gender identification of lay people, dentists and dental students.Materials and MethodsStandardized digital photos were taken from 460 people and analyzed by 3 experts regarding genders and tooth forms: pure basic forms—oval (O), triangular (T), square (S) and rectangular (R); and combined hybrid forms—oval‐rectangular (OR), triangular‐rectangular (TR), triangular‐oval (TO), square‐oval with flat lateral incisors (SOF), and square‐oval with scalloped lateral incisors (SOS). Then, correct gender identification (%) was evaluated among lay people, dentists and dental students (n = 10).ResultsPure forms showed less prevalence in the population studied (O:6.52%; S:3.48%; T:3.26%; R:2.39%) than hybrid ones (TO:20.87%; SOS:20.65%; OR:19.57%; SOF:16.96%;TR: 6.30%). Tooth gender selection among different evaluators was not significantly different (≈50% correct answers).ConclusionsNo correspondence exists between tooth shapes and patient genders. Pre‐standardized pure tooth forms appeared less than hybrid ones, while the most frequently found in the population studied were TO, SOS, and OR forms, disregarding genders.Clinical significanceEsthetic perception is an increasingly important criterion critical to satisfy patients. The correlation of reported tooth shapes with specific genders was not reliably observed in natural smiles. Tooth shapes should be selected according to the wishes of the patient rather than by previously believed gender specific tooth shapes. Pure basic tooth forms should be complemented with the addition of combination forms to more accurately portray forms found in nature.
Antibacterial activity of Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis essential oils against four food‐borne pathogens inoculated in minced beef meat
Authors: Jayari Asma , El Abed Nariman , Jouini Ahlem , Mohammed Saed Abdul‐Wahab Osama , Maaroufi Abderrazak , Ben Hadj Ahmed Sami 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus and Thymus algeriensis was studied against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the disk method showed that T. capitatus EO has a strong antibacterial effect, whereas T. algeriensis EO showed a moderate activity. In addition, the inhibitory effect of both EOs was evaluated against four pathogenic strains inoculated experimentally (108 CFU/g) in the minced beef meat, mixed with different concentrations of EOs, and stored for 15 days. Both EOs at low concentrations (0.01 and 0.05% [vol/wt]) exerted a bacteriostatic effect (p < .001), only against E. coli and S. typhimurium. However, at higher concentrations (1 and 3% [vol/wt]), the bactericidal activity was pronounced (p < .0001), in particular in the case of T. capitatus EO against all strains, except P. aeruginosa. The latter was still present after 15 days of storage, which explains its resistance.Practical applicationsResults from this study were confirmed that both thyme EOs could be considered as a very promising natural preservatives for foods from microbial spoilage in the food industries, also they can serve to inhibit or prevent the growth of food‐borne pathogens.