bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Chighizola Cecilia , Raimondo Maria , Meroni Pier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPersistent serum positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is required to diagnose antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. The current therapeutic management of patients with thrombotic APS aims at preventing recurrences and long-term complications by attenuating the procoagulant state. There is overall consensus to reserve moderate-intensity anticoagulation to aPL-positive patients with a previous venous thrombosis; the therapeutic options for those with a history of arterial event comprise antiplatelet agents and high-intensity anticoagulation. Unfortunately, thrombotic occurrences might occur despite adequate anticoagulation, carrying a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. The management of refractory thrombotic APS and catastrophic APS is still not clear, warranting the issue of recommendations. Vitamin-K antagonists are limited by significant side effects, and a careful weighting of risks and benefits should be performed to reserve the optimal treatment to each patient. To overcome these limitations, novel oral anticoagulants have been introduced in the market, but their efficacy in thrombotic APS has still to be unraveled. The poor safety profile and the scarce efficacy of drugs acting on the coagulation cascade explain why novel therapeutic approaches are currently under investigation, to identify pharmacological tools specifically counteracting aPL-mediated prothrombotic effects.
Akutes Nierenversagen bei Urachuszyste?
Authors: Klaassen I. , Wolf M. , Kemper M. , Riechardt S. , Boettcher M. , Herrmann J. , Singer D. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungEine 34-jährige 5. Para wurde unserem Zentrum in SSW 36 bei schwerer fetaler Fehlbildung mit Anhydramnion zugewiesen. Die kardiopulmonale Adaptation nach Sectio in SSW 36+1 bei Placentainsuffizienz gestaltete sich weitgehend komplikationslos, jedoch präsentierte das Neugeborene neben äußeren Stigmata einer Trisomie 21 ein akutes Nierenversagen mit Anurie. Postnatal waren jedoch beide Nieren sonografisch ohne Hinweise auf Anlagestörung nachweisbar, sie zeigten sich aber etwas vergrößert und perfusionsgestört. Zudem konnte eine intraabdominell gelegene, kokardenförmige Struktur dargestellt, aber keinem Organsystem zugeordnet werden. Auch weiterführende diagnostische Maßnahmen wie Miktionscysturethrophie und Kolonkontrastdarstellung waren nicht wegweisend. Eine explorative Laparatomie erbrachte die Diagnose einer Urachuszyste mit mechanischer Verlegung der Ureteren und konsekutivem Nierenversagen. Nach erfolgter operativer Entfernung der Zyste mit Rekonstruktion des Blasendaches wurde in der Miktionscysturethrografie als Überraschungsbefund das Vorliegen einer posterioren Urethralkappe diagnostiziert. Diese wurde im Alter von 6 Monaten komplikationslos entfernt. Auch retrospektiv läßt sich in diesem Fall nicht eindeutig klären, welche der vorliegenden Fehlbildungen vorrangig für das akute Nierenversagen verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. Möglicherweise war in diesem Fall die raumfordende Wirkung der Urachuszyste führend ursächlich, zumal die bei Urethralklappe typischerweise assoziierte Megazystis nicht darstellbar war. Alternativ könnten die klassischen Befunde einer Urethralklappe durch die proximale zusätzliche Stenose auch lediglich maskiert gewesen sein.
Alternative journalism education in Turkey: a case study of the ‘From School to Newsroom’ (OHO) program
Authors: Sen Ayse Fulya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlternative media challenges the practices of established mainstream journalism and institutionalised politics. Alternative media presents a radical challenge to the institutionalised and professionalised mainstream media and provides a perspective that is dedicated to notions of social responsibility by replacing the ideology of objectivity with overt advocacy and oppositional practices. As an alternative media platform, the BIA (The Independent Communication Network), is a project that attempts to strengthen the “independent media”, which aims to carry the entire communication process beyond daily news production. Under the program “Okuldan Haber Odasına (OHO)” (From Classroom to Newsroom) arranged by the BIA, academics and professional journalists deliver lectures to journalism students. During this education process, students have the opportunity to observe various media and rights organizations. This study aims to draw attention to the necessity of a critical perspective in journalism education and to discuss how alternative journalism can transform the existing practices, values and ideologies and to illustrate the importance of alternative media in the societies surrounded by capitalist social and economic values. In addition, this article contributes to journalism studies with a discussion of the importance of critical thought in constructing democratic and pluralist perspective in the news media through an education model.
Atoms and molecules in cavities, from weak to strong coupling in quantum-electrodynamics (QED) chemistry
Authors: Flick Johannes , Ruggenthaler Michael , Appel Heiko , Rubio Angel 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Traditionally, quantum chemistry investigates molecular systems assuming that the photon field, which leads to the interaction of charged particles, is well approximated by the Coulomb interaction. On the other hand, quantum optics describe the photon field in detail while approximating the matter systems via few levels. Recent experiments at the interface between these two areas of research have uncovered situations where both the molecular system and the photon field have to be treated in detail. In this work, we show how theoretical approaches have to be adapted to treat such coupled matter–photon problems and which effects can be anticipated. Our quantum electrodynamics density-functional formalism provides the theoretical framework to open a field of research able to deal with emergent properties of matter.
Simplified and representative bacterial community of maize roots
Authors: Niu Ben , Paulson Joseph Nathaniel , Zheng Xiaoqi , Kolter Roberto 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Many species of microbes colonize plants as members of complex communities. The high complexity of such plant microbial communities poses great difficulty for any experimental analyses aimed at understanding the principles underlying such microbe–plant interactions. In this work, we assembled a greatly simplified, yet representative, synthetic bacterial model community that allowed us to study the community assembly dynamics and function on axenic maize seedlings. This model community interfered with the growth of a plant pathogenic fungus, thus protecting the plant. This model system will prove to be a useful system for future research on plant–microbe interactions.
Ficino on Force, Magic, and Prayers: Neoplatonic and Hermetic Influences in Ficino’sThree Books on Life
Authors: Robichaud Denis J.-J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes new evidence from the marginalia to Ficino’s Plotinus manuscripts and offers a novel reading of Ficino’s “De Vita” 3. It settles scholarly disagreements concerning Paul O. Kristeller’s manuscript research and Frances Yates’s Hermetic thesis about “De Vita” 3, and reconsiders accepted conclusions regarding the centrality of Hermetic magic in Ficino’s philosophy. It demonstrates the origins and sources for “De Vita” 3 in Ficino’s reading of Plotinus’s explanations of prayer, and also reveals Iamblichus’s overlooked influence on Ficino: on the performative nature of philosophy in “De Vita” 3, and even on Ficino’s acknowledgment of the pseudonymity of the Hermetica.
Why Mountains Matter: Early Modern Roots of a Modern Notion
Authors: Korenjak Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe emergence of a positive attitude toward mountains is commonly regarded as an eighteenth-century phenomenon. The facts tell otherwise. Unearthing a number of hitherto-unknown sources, this article demonstrates that interest in and enthusiasm for mountains already began to evolve around 1500: from then on, mountains gained in importance in political, religious, and scientific discourses. Travel through mountainous regions increased, and people started to climb mountains. The interplay between theoretical interests and practical engagement led to a new emotional response, or what may be called mountain feeling, that anticipated the attitude of the eighteenth century and of the present.
Use of Carbapenems, Polymyxins, and Tigecycline in United States Children’s Hospitals, 2010–2014
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Ross Rachael K. , Han Jennifer H. , Miller Matthew , Gerber Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We characterized use of the carbapenems, polymyxins, and tigecycline in United States children’s hospitals between 2010 and 2014. We found substantial variability in use across hospitals and overall decreased use over time. Most polymyxin and tigecycline use occurred in cystic fibrosis patients, and appendectomy was a common indication for carbapenem therapy.
Long-Term Reduction of Sacroiliac Joint Pain With Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Guentchev Marin , Preuss Christian , Rink Rainer , Peter Levente , Sailer Martin H. M. , Tuettenberg Jochen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that 86% of the patients treated with peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for therapy-refractory sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain were satisfied with the result after 1 year of treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term (up to 4 years) response rate of this novel treatment.

METHODS: Sixteen consecutive patients with therapy-refractory SIJ pain were treated with PNS and followed for 4 years in 3 patients, 3 years in 6 patients, and 2 years in 1 patient. Quality of life, pain, and patient satisfaction were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and International Patient Satisfaction Index.

RESULTS: Patients reported a pain reduction from 8.8 to 1.6 (VAS) at 1 year (P < .001), and 13 of 14 patients (92.9%) rated the therapy as effective (International Patient Satisfaction Index score ≤ 2). At 2 years, average pain score was 1.9 (P < .001), and 9 of 10 patients (90.0%) considered the treatment a success. At 3 years, 8 of 9 patients (88.9%) were satisfied with the treatment results, reporting an average VAS of 2.0 (P < .005). At 4 years, 2 of 3 patients were satisfied with the treatment results.

CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that PNS is a successful long-term therapy for SIJ pain.
Subpectoral Implantation of Internal Pulse Generators for Deep Brain Stimulation: Technical Note for Improved Cosmetic Outcomes
Authors: White-Dzuro Gabrielle A. , Lake Wendell , Neimat Joseph S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation is increasingly used to treat a variety of disorders. As the prevalence of this technology increases, greater demands are placed on neurosurgical practitioners to improve cosmetic results, maximize patient comfort, and minimize complication rates. We have increasingly employed subpectoral implantation of internal pulse generators (IPGs) to improve patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the complication rates of subpectorally placed IPGs as compared to those placed in a subcutaneous location.

METHODS: We reviewed a series of 301 patients from a single institution. Complication rates including infection, hematoma, and lead fracture were recorded. Rates were compared for subcutaneously and subpectorally located devices.

RESULTS: Of the records reviewed, we found 301 patients who underwent 308 procedures for initial IPG implantation. Of these, 275 were subpectoral IPG implantation, 19 were infraclavicular subcutaneous implantation, and 14 were subcutaneous implantation in the abdomen. A total of 6 IPG pocket infections occurred, 2 subpectoral and 4 infraclavicular subcutaneous. Of the IPG infections, 2 of the infraclavicular subcutaneous devices had associated erosions. Two patients had their devices relocated from a subpectoral pocket to a subcutaneous pocket in the abdomen due to discomfort. Two patients in the subpectoral group suffered from hematoma requiring evacuation. Two patients in the infraclavicular subcutaneous group had lead fracture occur.

CONCLUSIONS: Subpectoral implantation of deep brain stimulation IPGs is a viable alternative with a low complication rate. This technique may offer a lower rate of infection and wound erosion.
One-hit Models of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Lex Dennis , Uhlig Stefan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
One important explanation for the detrimental effects of conventional mechanical ventilation is the biotrauma hypothesis that ventilation may trigger proinflammatory responses that subsequently cause lung injury. This hypothesis has frequently been studied in so-called one-hit models (overventilation of healthy lungs) that so far have failed to establish an unequivocal link between inflammation and hypoxemic lung failure. This study was designed to develop a one-hit biotrauma model.

Methods
Mice (six per group) were ventilated for up to 7 h (positive end-expiratory pressure 2 cm H2O) and received 300 μl/h fluid support. Series_1: initial plateau pressures of 10, 24, 27, or 30 cm H2O. Series_2: ventilation with pressure release at 34 cm H2O and initial plateau pressure of 10, 24, 27, or 30 cm H2O. To study the significance of inflammation, the latter groups were also pretreated with the steroid dexamethasone.

Results
Within 7 h, 20 of 24 mice ventilated with plateau pressure of 27 cm H2O or more died of a catastrophic lung failure characterized by strongly increased proinflammatory markers and a precipitous decrease in pulmonary compliance, blood pressure, and oxygenation. Pretreatment with dexamethasone reduced inflammation, but prolonged median survival time by 30 min.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a sharp distinction between ventilation with 24 cm H2O that was well tolerated and ventilation with 27 cm H2O that was lethal for most animals due to catastrophic lung failure. In the former case, inflammation was benign and in the latter, a by-product that only accelerated lung failure. The authors suggest that biotrauma—when defined as a ventilation-induced and inflammation-dependent hypoxemia—is difficult to study in murine one-hit models of ventilation, at least not within 7 h. (Anesthesiology 2017; 126:909-22)
Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome After Paternal Exposure to Methotrexate Within 90 Days Before Pregnancy
Authors: Eck Lasse Karlsen , Jensen Thomas Bo , Mastrogiannis Dimitrios , Torp-Pedersen Arendse , Askaa Bjarke , Nielsen Torben Kjær , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Andersen Jon Trærup 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To study the association between paternal exposure to methotrexate within the 90-day period before pregnancy and congenital malformations and stillbirth in the offspring.

METHODS:
We conducted a nationwide register study. Our cohort consisted of all live births in Denmark between 1997 and 2011 identified from the Medical Birth Registry. Methotrexate-exposed fathers were identified from the National Prescription Registry. From the national Hospital Registry we identified paternity, live births, and stillbirths as well as discharge diagnoses on congenital malformations.

RESULTS:
We identified 849,676 live births with known paternity. There were 127 live births of methotrexate-exposed fathers. Of these, four (3.2%) had major malformations compared with 28,814 (3.4%) of the unexposed. The odds ratio (OR) for major congenital malformation among exposed fathers compared with unexposed was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–2.51) and when adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, educational length, household income, and parity, the adjusted OR was 1.01 (95% CI 0.37–2.74). There were no stillbirths in the methotrexate-exposed group compared with 2,541 (0.3%) in the unexposed group and no increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.66–2.59) among the children from exposed fathers.

CONCLUSION:
We found no association between paternal exposure to methotrexate within 90 days before pregnancy and congenital malformations, stillbirths, or preterm birth. Available data suggest that prepregnancy paternal methotrexate exposure should not be of major concern. Multinational recommendations should be changed accordingly.
Association of Group Prenatal Care With Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: Kominiarek Michelle A. , Crockett Amy , Covington-Kolb Sarah , Simon Melissa , Grobman William A. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To compare gestational weight gain among women in group prenatal care with that of women in individual prenatal care.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, women who participated in group prenatal care from 2009 to 2015 and whose body mass indexes (BMIs) and gestational weight gain were recorded were matched with the next two women who had the same payer type, were within 2-kg/m2 prepregnancy BMI and 2-week gestational age at delivery, and had received individual prenatal care. Bivariate comparisons of demographics and antenatal complications were performed for women in group and individual prenatal care, and weight gain was categorized as “below,” “met,” or “exceeded” goals according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Logistic regression analysis estimated the association between excessive weight gain and model of care, with adjustment for confounders, stratified by BMI.

RESULTS:
Women in group prenatal care (n=2,117) were younger and more commonly non-Hispanic black, nulliparous, and without gestational diabetes (P≤.005 for all). Women in group prenatal care more commonly exceeded the weight gain goals (55% compared with 48%, P<.001). The differences in gestational weight gain were concentrated among normal-weight (mean 34.2 compared with 32.1 pounds, P<.001; 47% compared with 41% exceeded, P=.008) and overweight women (mean 31.5 compared with 27.1 pounds, P<.001; 69% compared with 54% exceeded, P<.001). When adjusted for age, race–ethnicity, parity, education, and tobacco use, the increased odds for excessive gestational weight gain persisted among normal-weight (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.51) and overweight (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.50–2.27) women. Nulliparity was associated with increased excessive gestational weight gain (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.33–1.68), whereas Hispanic ethnicity was associated with decreased excessive gestational weight gain (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.59–0.78).

CONCLUSION:
Among normal-weight or overweight women, group prenatal care, compared with individual prenatal care, is associated with excessive gestational weight gain.
The Outcomes of Nonelongating Intramedullary Fixation of the Lower Extremity for Pediatric Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Scollan Joseph P. , Jauregui Julio J. , Jacobsen Christina M. , Abzug Joshua M. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Osteogenesis imperfecta is usually due to autosomal dominant mutations in type I collagen, leading to an increase in fractures and bone deformities, especially in the long bones of the lower extremities. The use of nonelongating intramedullary rods is an established surgical intervention to address such deformities. The rate of surgical complications has been reported to be as high as 187%, with revision rates as high as 90%, although exact global rates are unknown. As such, we sought to determine the published rates of (1) bone-related complications (including both fracture and deformity), (2) rod migration, and (3) complications that require reoperation.

Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 1295 studies were evaluated. After cross-referencing, and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 7 studies were included in the final cohort. Data were extracted from the studies and analyzed. Random effect models determined the complication rates of intramedullary nonelongating rod procedures.

Results:
A total of 359 primary nonelongating intramedullary rod procedures of tibiae and femurs, in patients with a mean age of 6 years (5.2 to 7.3 y), at a mean follow-up of 63 months (24 to 118 mo), were evaluated. 60% of the surgical procedures were on femurs, and 40% were on tibiae. The reoperation rate was 39.4%. The most common complication was rod migration, with a rate of 25.7%. The rate of bone-related complications was 19.5% including fractures (15.0%) and worsening bone deformity (4.3%).

Conclusions:
This is the first meta-analysis to identify the rates of complication and reoperation in lower limb intramedullary fixation for pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta patients. This study has shown that rod migration is the most common complication, followed by bone-related complications including fractures and deformity. Reoperations occur after nearly 40% of all procedures due to rod migration or bone-related complications.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective meta-analysis.
A Comparative Analysis of the Most Common Complications for Patients Undergoing Traumatic Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Hunter Joshua G. , Baumhauer Judith F. 
Published: March 2017

Patient safety is protection from adverse outcome through reduction of complications. The purpose of this study is to accurately identify the most common complications after foot and ankle (FA) and traumatic FA surgery and characterize their incidence compared with all other orthopedic procedures. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) database was searched from 2006 to 2010 for all reported orthopedic and FA procedures. The incidence of complications was identified for the following groups: the 10 most common trauma FA procedures, and all FA procedures cumulatively. The incidence of complications for each group were then compared with all other orthopedic procedures reported during that same period. Statistical analysis was performed using a 2-tailed Student t test and χ2 with Yates. A total of 56,786 FA codes and their associated complication(s) were compared with 429,358 orthopedic codes and their complication(s). The 10 most commonly reported trauma FA procedures accounted for 51% of all FA CPT codes and 46.3% of FA complications. Procedures reporting at least 1 complication were significantly higher for all FA codes when compared with all orthopedic procedures, 13.7% versus 9.2% (P=0.001). The most commonly performed trauma FA procedures had a higher complication rate of 13.5% versus 9.2% (P=0.001). Overall, soft tissue complications (infection, wound dehiscence, and skin ulcer/blister) were each reported significantly more in all FA and trauma FA when compared with other orthopedic procedures (P<0.001). Comprehensive databases, such as the ABOS oral examination case list, can be a valuable tool to direct current practice improvement initiatives and improving patient care. All FA and trauma FA procedures are associated with a higher incidence of complications when compared with all orthopedic surgeries, particularly infection, wound dehiscence, and blistering.
Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.