bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Electoral Fortunes of Taiwan's Green Party: 1996–2012
Authors: FELL DAFYDD , PENG YEN-WEN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Green Party Taiwan (GPT) represents an important case both for scholars of environmental politics but also Taiwanese politics. Established in 1996, it is the oldest Asian green party and is one of the most active parties in the Asia-Pacific Greens network. The party has enjoyed mixed electoral fortunes. After promising early election results, the GPT virtually ceased contesting elections between 2000 and 2005. However, from 2006 the party began a gradual revival in its vote shares. This process culminated in the January 2012 Legislative Yuan election when the GPT surprised many observers by coming fifth in the proportional party vote. Considering the limited resources at the party's disposal this was quite an achievement. In this study, we examine and explain the changing electoral fortunes of the GPT since its establishment in 1996. We are interested to see whether standard theories for explaining small or ecological party success, that have been developed in western Europe, work well in the Taiwan context. Our research is based on a range of new fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2014. These include in-depth interviews with campaigners and party leaders, focus group sessions with party leaders and candidates, and interviews with party supporters.
Trading in Vain? Investigating the Philippines' Development-oriented National Security and Free Trade Linkages
Authors: MAGCAMIT MICHAEL I. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the manner through which the Philippine government has utilized free trade in pursuing its development-oriented national security policies and strategies in the twenty-first century. It argues that against the backdrop of uneven economic development being perpetuated by a deeply entrenched oligarchic system and patronage culture, the primary referent of Philippine national security is its diminishing development space. Despite the government rhetoric with regard to the role of inclusive development in enhancing national security, the Philippine political economy remains highly oligarchic and patrimonial. Such a condition has resulted in institutionalized inequality and structural poverty that undermine the country's supposedly development-based security model. The ability of the very few yet very powerful Filipino elites to transform the country into an oligarchipelago underscores the inefficiencies emanating from this type of politico-economic arrangement. In light of this, the paper evaluates the impacts of the Philippines' free trade activities on its overall level of development space by focusing on several crucial aspects of free trade that the government has failed to properly consider. Moreover, it scrutinizes the key factors that affect the utility of free trade for securing and enhancing the Philippines' development space. The paper concludes by arguing that the Philippine government's attempts at linking its development-centric security interests and free trade objectives have resulted not only in the preservation of uneven economic development and but also the further reinforcement of the existing oligarchic system and patronage culture in the country.
The Pendulum Swings: Experiences from the LDP on Democratizing Party Leadership Selection
Authors: WANG YING 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEmpowering the rank and file members in choosing a party leader has become an increasing trend in parliamentary democracies. This study examines the process of adopting more inclusive methods to choose a party leader in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan. The LDP introduced a national primary to elect a leader in 1978. However, this first attempt to open up the party leadership selection was soon replaced by traditional coalition-making politics. In this regard, the LDP is different from most of the Westminster parties that followed a smooth linear process of transferring more power to the rank and file members. This article identifies a ‘swing-back’ effect between 1980 and 1990 in the democratization process of party leadership selection. Working like a pendulum, the LDP did not resume a primary until 1991. It was in 2003 that a nationwide primary became a regular way. This article argues that the discontinuity of reformist actors caused this uncommon swing-back effect. The reformist split in 1976, the sudden death of Masayoshi Ohira, and Kanemaru mediation in 1984 stalled the reforms. Although one finds a similar trend in democratizing party leadership selection outside Europe, the LDP presented an abnormal inactivity and time-lag differences.
Preventing Systematic Circumvention of the SCM Agreement: Beyond the Mandatory/Discretionary Distinction
Authors: JUNG HANEUL , SUH JEONGMEEN 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnder the prevailing WTO jurisprudence, the mandatory/discretionary distinction is applied to Article 1.1(b) of the SCM Agreement whenever a Member's measure is challenged ‘as such’ pursuant to the SCM Agreement. However, applying the mandatory/discretionary distinction vis-à-vis Article 1.1(b) may render the entire SCM Agreement vulnerable against certain subsidies designed to confer benefits systematically through private intermediaries. In order to prevent such vulnerability, Article 1.1(b) of the SCM Agreement should be construed to cover benefits conferred as consequences of underlying financial contributions, without being limited by the mandatory/discretionary distinction.
Orbital angular momentum photonic quantum interface
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Li Yan , Ding Dong-Sheng , Zhang Wei , Shi Shuai , Shi Bao-Sen , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLight-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has great potential in enhancing the information channel capacity in both classical and quantum optical communications. Long distance optical communication requires the wavelengths of light are situated in the low-loss communication windows, but most quantum memories currently being developed for use in a quantum repeater work at different wavelengths, so a quantum interface to bridge the wavelength gap is necessary. So far, such an interface for OAM-carried light has not been realized yet. Here, we report the first experimental realization of a quantum interface for a heralded single photon carrying OAM using a nonlinear crystal in an optical cavity. The spatial structures of input and output photons exhibit strong similarity. More importantly, single-photon coherence is preserved during up-conversion as demonstrated.
Defective DNA single-strand break repair is responsible for senescence and neoplastic escape of epithelial cells
Authors: Nassour Joe , Martien Sébastien , Martin Nathalie , Deruy Emeric , Tomellini Elisa , Malaquin Nicolas , Bouali Fatima , Sabatier Laure , Wernert Nicolas , Pinte Sébastien , Gilson Eric , Pourtier Albin , Pluquet Olivier , Abbadie Corinne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe main characteristic of senescence is its stability which relies on the persistence of DNA damage. We show that unlike fibroblasts, senescent epithelial cells do not activate an ATM-or ATR-dependent DNA damage response (DDR), but accumulate oxidative-stress-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). These breaks remain unrepaired because of a decrease in PARP1 expression and activity. This leads to the formation of abnormally large and persistent XRCC1 foci that engage a signalling cascade involving the p38MAPK and leading to p16 upregulation and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, the default in SSB repair also leads to the emergence of post-senescent transformed and mutated precancerous cells. In human-aged skin, XRCC1 foci accumulate in the epidermal cells in correlation with a decline of PARP1, whereas DDR foci accumulate mainly in dermal fibroblasts. These findings point SSBs as a DNA damage encountered by epithelial cells with aging which could fuel the very first steps of carcinogenesis.
Non-random walk diffusion enhances the sink strength of semicoherent interfaces
Authors: Vattré A. , Jourdan T. , Ding H. , Marinica M.-C. , Demkowicz M. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractClean, safe and economical nuclear energy requires new materials capable of withstanding severe radiation damage. One strategy of imparting radiation resistance to solids is to incorporate into them a high density of solid-phase interfaces capable of absorbing and annihilating radiation-induced defects. Here we show that elastic interactions between point defects and semicoherent interfaces lead to a marked enhancement in interface sink strength. Our conclusions stem from simulations that integrate first principles, object kinetic Monte Carlo and anisotropic elasticity calculations. Surprisingly, the enhancement in sink strength is not due primarily to increased thermodynamic driving forces, but rather to reduced defect migration barriers, which induce a preferential drift of defects towards interfaces. The sink strength enhancement is highly sensitive to the detailed character of interfacial stresses, suggesting that ‘super-sink’ interfaces may be designed by optimizing interface stress fields. Such interfaces may be used to create materials with unprecedented resistance to radiation-induced damage.
Emergence of core–peripheries in networks
Authors: Verma T. , Russmann F. , Araújo N.A.M. , Nagler J. , Herrmann H.J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA number of important transport networks, such as the airline and trade networks of the world, exhibit a characteristic core–periphery structure, wherein a few nodes are highly interconnected and the rest of the network frays into a tree. Mechanisms underlying the emergence of core–peripheries, however, remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a simple pruning process based on removal of underutilized links and redistribution of loads can lead to the emergence of core–peripheries. Links are assumed beneficial if they either carry a sufficiently large load or are essential for global connectivity. This incentivized redistribution process is controlled by a single parameter, which balances connectivity and profit. The obtained networks exhibit a highly resilient and connected core with a frayed periphery. The balanced network shows a higher resilience than the world airline network or the world trade network, revealing a pathway towards robust structural features through pruning.
Non-CG DNA methylation is a biomarker for assessing endodermal differentiation capacity in pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Butcher Lee M. , Ito Mitsuteru , Brimpari Minodora , Morris Tiffany J. , Soares Filipa A. C. , Ährlund-Richter Lars , Carey Nessa , Vallier Ludovic , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. , Beck Stephan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNon-CG methylation is an unexplored epigenetic hallmark of pluripotent stem cells. Here we report that a reduction in non-CG methylation is associated with impaired differentiation capacity into endodermal lineages. Genome-wide analysis of 2,670 non-CG sites in a discovery cohort of 25 phenotyped human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines revealed unidirectional loss (Δβ=13%, P<7.4 × 10−4) of non-CG methylation that correctly identifies endodermal differentiation capacity in 23 out of 25 (92%) hiPSC lines. Translation into a simplified assay of only nine non-CG sites maintains predictive power in the discovery cohort (Δβ=23%, P<9.1 × 10−6) and correctly identifies endodermal differentiation capacity in nine out of ten pluripotent stem cell lines in an independent replication cohort consisting of hiPSCs reprogrammed from different cell types and different delivery systems, as well as human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. This finding infers non-CG methylation at these sites as a biomarker when assessing endodermal differentiation capacity as a readout.
The Hippo signalling pathway maintains quiescence in Drosophila neural stem cells
Authors: Ding Rouven , Weynans Kevin , Bossing Torsten , Barros Claudia S. , Berger Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStem cells control their mitotic activity to decide whether to proliferate or to stay in quiescence. Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs) are quiescent at early larval stages, when they are reactivated in response to metabolic changes. Here we report that cell-contact inhibition of growth through the canonical Hippo signalling pathway maintains NSC quiescence. Loss of the core kinases hippo or warts leads to premature nuclear localization of the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie and initiation of growth and proliferation in NSCs. Yorkie is necessary and sufficient for NSC reactivation, growth and proliferation. The Hippo pathway activity is modulated via inter-cellular transmembrane proteins Crumbs and Echinoid that are both expressed in a nutrient-dependent way in niche glial cells and NSCs. Loss of crumbs or echinoid in the niche only is sufficient to reactivate NSCs. Finally, we provide evidence that the Hippo pathway activity discriminates quiescent from non-quiescent NSCs in the Drosophila nervous system.
Climate change not to blame for late Quaternary megafauna extinctions in Australia
Authors: Saltré Frédérik , Rodríguez-Rey Marta , Brook Barry W. , Johnson Christopher N , Turney Chris S. M. , Alroy John , Cooper Alan , Beeton Nicholas , Bird Michael I. , Fordham Damien A. , Gillespie Richard , Herrando-Pérez Salvador , Jacobs Zenobia , Miller Gifford H. , Nogués-Bravo David , Prideaux Gavin J. , Roberts Richard G. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLate Quaternary megafauna extinctions impoverished mammalian diversity worldwide. The causes of these extinctions in Australia are most controversial but essential to resolve, because this continent-wide event presaged similar losses that occurred thousands of years later on other continents. Here we apply a rigorous metadata analysis and new ensemble-hindcasting approach to 659 Australian megafauna fossil ages. When coupled with analysis of several high-resolution climate records, we show that megafaunal extinctions were broadly synchronous among genera and independent of climate aridity and variability in Australia over the last 120,000 years. Our results reject climate change as the primary driver of megafauna extinctions in the world’s most controversial context, and instead estimate that the megafauna disappeared Australia-wide ∼13,500 years after human arrival, with shorter periods of coexistence in some regions. This is the first comprehensive approach to incorporate uncertainty in fossil ages, extinction timing and climatology, to quantify mechanisms of prehistorical extinctions.
Scrutinizing the double superconducting gaps and strong coupling pairing in (Li1−xFex)OHFeSe
Authors: Du Zengyi , Yang Xiong , Lin Hai , Fang Delong , Du Guan , Xing Jie , Yang Huan , Zhu Xiyu , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the field of iron-based superconductors, one of the frontier studies is about the pairing mechanism. The recently discovered (Li1−xFex)OHFeSe superconductor with the transition temperature of about 40 K provides a good platform to check the origin of double superconducting gaps and high transition temperature in the monolayer FeSe thin film. Here we report a scanning tunnelling spectroscopy study on the (Li1−xFex)OHFeSe single crystals. The tunnelling spectrum mimics that of the monolayer FeSe thin film and shows double gaps at about 14.3 and 8.6 meV. Further analysis based on the quasiparticle interference allows us to rule out the d-wave gap, and for the first time assign the larger (smaller) gap to the outer (inner) Fermi pockets (after folding) associating with the dxy (dxz/dyz) orbitals, respectively. The gap ratio amounts to 8.7, which demonstrates the strong coupling mechanism in the present superconducting system.
Sequential slip transfer of mixed-character dislocations across Σ3 coherent twin boundary in FCC metals: a concurrent atomistic-continuum study
Authors: Xu Shuozhi , Xiong Liming , Chen Youping , McDowell David L 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSequential slip transfer across grain boundaries (GB) has an important role in size-dependent propagation of plastic deformation in polycrystalline metals. For example, the Hall–Petch effect, which states that a smaller average grain size results in a higher yield stress, can be rationalised in terms of dislocation pile-ups against GBs. In spite of extensive studies in modelling individual phases and grains using atomistic simulations, well-accepted criteria of slip transfer across GBs are still lacking, as well as models of predicting irreversible GB structure evolution. Slip transfer is inherently multiscale since both the atomic structure of the boundary and the long-range fields of the dislocation pile-up come into play. In this work, concurrent atomistic-continuum simulations are performed to study sequential slip transfer of a series of curved dislocations from a given pile-up on Σ3 coherent twin boundary (CTB) in Cu and Al, with dominant leading screw character at the site of interaction. A Frank-Read source is employed to nucleate dislocations continuously. It is found that subject to a shear stress of 1.2 GPa, screw dislocations transfer into the twinned grain in Cu, but glide on the twin boundary plane in Al. Moreover, four dislocation/CTB interaction modes are identified in Al, which are affected by (1) applied shear stress, (2) dislocation line length, and (3) dislocation line curvature. Our results elucidate the discrepancies between atomistic simulations and experimental observations of dislocation-GB reactions and highlight the importance of directly modeling sequential dislocation slip transfer reactions using fully 3D models.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction may explain symptom variation in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Frye Richard E. , Cox Devin , Slattery John , Tippett Marie , Kahler Stephen , Granpeesheh Doreen , Damle Shirish , Legido Agustin , Goldenthal Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), which is defined by a deletion within 22q13, demonstrates significant phenotypic variation. Given that six mitochondrial genes are located within 22q13, including complex I and IV genes, we hypothesize that mitochondrial complex activity abnormalities may explain phenotypic variation in PMS symptoms. Complex I, II, II + III and IV activity was measured in 51 PMS participants. Caretakers completed questionnaires and provided genetic information through the PMS foundation registry. Complex activity was abnormal in 59% of PMS participants. Abnormalities were found in complex I and IV but not complex II + III and II activity, consistent with disruption of genes within the 22q13 region. However, complex activity abnormalities were not related to specific gene deletions suggesting a “neighboring effect” of regional deletions on adjacent gene expression. A specific combination of symptoms (autism spectrum disorder, developmental regression, failure-to-thrive, exercise intolerance/fatigue) was associated with complex activity abnormalities. 64% of 106 individuals in the PMS foundation registry who did not have complex activity measured also endorsed this pattern of symptoms. These data suggest that mitochondrial abnormalities, specifically abnormalities in complex I and IV activity, may explain some phenotypic variation in PMS individuals. These results point to novel pathophysiology mechanisms and treatment targets for PMS patients.
Weak phonon scattering effect of twin boundaries on thermal transmission
Authors: Dong Huicong , Xiao Jianwei , Melnik Roderick , Wen Bin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo study the effect of twin boundaries on thermal transmission, thermal conductivities of twinned diamond with different twin thicknesses have been studied by NEMD simulation. Results indicate that twin boundaries show a weak phonon scattering effect on thermal transmission, which is only caused by the additional twin boundaries’ thermal resistance. Moreover, according to phonon kinetic theory, this weak phonon scattering effect of twin boundaries is mainly caused by a slightly reduced average group velocity.
Localised excitation of a single photon source by a nanowaveguide
Authors: Geng Wei , Manceau Mathieu , Rahbany Nancy , Sallet Vincent , De Vittorio Massimo , Carbone Luigi , Glorieux Quentin , Bramati Alberto , Couteau Christophe 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNowadays, integrated photonics is a key technology in quantum information processing (QIP) but achieving all-optical buses for quantum networks with efficient integration of single photon emitters remains a challenge. Photonic crystals and cavities are good candidates but do not tackle how to effectively address a nanoscale emitter. Using a nanowire nanowaveguide, we realise an hybrid nanodevice which locally excites a single photon source (SPS). The nanowire acts as a passive or active sub-wavelength waveguide to excite the quantum emitter. Our results show that localised excitation of a SPS is possible and is compared with free-space excitation. Our proof of principle experiment presents an absolute addressing efficiency ηa ~ 10−4 only ~50% lower than the one using free-space optics. This important step demonstrates that sufficient guided light in a nanowaveguide made of a semiconductor nanowire is achievable to excite a single photon source. We accomplish a hybrid system offering great potentials for electrically driven SPSs and efficient single photon collection and detection, opening the way for optimum absorption/emission of nanoscale emitters. We also discuss how to improve the addressing efficiency of a dipolar nanoscale emitter with our system.
Equilibration and nonclassicality of a double-well potential
Authors: Campbell Steve , De Chiara Gabriele , Paternostro Mauro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA double well loaded with bosonic atoms represents an ideal candidate to simulate some of the most interesting aspects in the phenomenology of thermalisation and equilibration. Here we report an exhaustive analysis of the dynamics and steady state properties of such a system locally in contact with different temperature reservoirs. We show that thermalisation only occurs ‘accidentally’. We further examine the nonclassical features and energy fluxes implied by the dynamics of the double-well system, thus exploring its finite-time thermodynamics in relation to the settlement of nonclassical correlations between the wells.
The sequence to hydrogenate coronene cations: A journey guided by magic numbers
Authors: Cazaux Stéphanie , Boschman Leon , Rougeau Nathalie , Reitsma Geert , Hoekstra Ronnie , Teillet-Billy Dominique , Morisset Sabine , Spaans Marco , Schlathölter Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe understanding of hydrogen attachment to carbonaceous surfaces is essential to a wide variety of research fields and technologies such as hydrogen storage for transportation, precise localization of hydrogen in electronic devices and the formation of cosmic H2. For coronene cations as prototypical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, the existence of magic numbers upon hydrogenation was uncovered experimentally. Quantum chemistry calculations show that hydrogenation follows a site-specific sequence leading to the appearance of cations having 5, 11, or 17 hydrogen atoms attached, exactly the magic numbers found in the experiments. For these closed-shell cations, further hydrogenation requires appreciable structural changes associated with a high transition barrier. Controlling specific hydrogenation pathways would provide the possibility to tune the location of hydrogen attachment and the stability of the system. The sequence to hydrogenate PAHs, leading to PAHs with magic numbers of H atoms attached, provides clues to understand that carbon in space is mostly aromatic and partially aliphatic in PAHs. PAH hydrogenation is fundamental to assess the contribution of PAHs to the formation of cosmic H2.