bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Preoperative Axillary Lymph Node Marking with a Clip in Breast Cancer Patients Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Byon Woo Seok , Lee Kwan Ho , Yun Ji‐Sup , Park Yong Lai , Park Chan Heun , Youn In Young , Choi Seon Hyeong , Choi Yoon Jung , Kook Shin Ho , Do Sung‐Im 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of image‐guided marker‐clip placement in axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) for breast cancer upon initial presentation and to assess the reliability of this method with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for axillary restaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsBetween June 2015 and August 2016, a marker clip was placed at a clinically positive ALN under ultrasonography (US) guidance before initiation of NAC in 20 patients. Preoperative localization of marker‐clipped LNs was performed, and the localized LNs were removed by SLNB. We compared the postoperative results of the marker‐clipped LNs, SLNs and ALNs.ResultsImage‐guided marker‐clip placements and localization of marker‐clipped LNs were performed successfully in 20 patients. A total of 24 marker clips were inserted, and 23 marker‐clipped LNs were successfully retrieved during surgery (identification rate, 23/24, 95.8%). In the 11 patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic marker‐clipped LNs, four became negative after NAC, and seven maintained metastatic residues on the marker‐clipped LNs. Three of the seven patients had metastatic residues on the ALNs, and two of the three patients also had negative SLNs. Marker‐clipped nodes accurately predicted the axillary nodal status in these two patients compared with SLNs alone.ConclusionImage‐guided marker‐clip placement on positive ALNs before NAC and removal with SLNB is technically feasible. This technique can improve the accuracy of the residual disease evaluation on the axilla, especially in patients with negative SLNB results, and can identify candidates for limited axillary surgery after NAC.
Orbitofrontal structural markers of negative affect in alcohol dependence and their associations with heavy relapse-risk at 6 months post-treatment
Authors: Zois E. , Vollstädt-Klein S. , Hoffmann S. , Reinhard I. , Charlet K. , Beck A. , Jorde A. , Kirsch M. , Walter H. , Heinz A. , Kiefer F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol relapse is often occurring to regulate negative affect during withdrawal. On the neurobiological level, alcoholism is associated with gray matter (GM) abnormalities in regions that regulate emotional experience such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). However, no study to our knowledge has investigated the neurobiological unpinning of affect in alcoholism at early withdrawal and the associations of OFC volume with long-term relapse risk.Methods:One hundred and eighty-two participants were included, 95 recently detoxified alcohol dependent patients (ADP) and 87 healthy controls (HC). We measured affective states using the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). We collected T1-weighted brain structural images and performed Voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Results:Findings revealed GM volume decrease in alcoholics in the prefrontal cortex (including medial OFC), anterior cingulate gyrus, and insula. GM volume in the medial OFC was positively associated with NA in the ADP group. Cox regression analysis predicted that risk to heavy relapse at 6 months increases with decreased GM volume in the medial OFC.Conclusions:Negative affect during alcohol withdrawal was positively associated with OFC volume. What is more, increased GM volume in the OFC also moderated risk to heavy relapse at 6 months. Reduced GM in the OFC poses as risk to recovery from alcohol dependence and provides valuable insights into transient negative affect states during withdrawal that can trigger relapse. Implications exist for therapeutic interventions signifying the OFC as a neurobiological marker to relapse and could explain the inability of ADP to regulate internal negative affective states.
GM2 activator protein deficiency, mimic of Tay-Sachs disease
Authors: Kochumon Sheena , Yesodharan Dhanya , Vinayan KP , Radhakrishnan Natasha , Sheth Jayesh , Nampoothiri Sheela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGM2 Gangliosidoses are a group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders caused by intra-lysosomal deposition of ganglioside GM2 mainly in the neuronal cells. GM2-Activator protein deficiency is an extremely rare type of GM2 gangliosidosis (AB variant) caused by the mutation of GM2A.We report a case of a female child who presented with clinical features similar to classical Tay-Sachs disease, but with normal beta hexosaminidase enzyme levels. Molecular study revealed a novel homozygous intronic mutation which confirmed the diagnosis of GM2 Activator protein deficiency. GM2 Activator protein deficiency is a mimic of Classical Tay-Sachs disease and should be a differential diagnosis in children who present with neuroregression, cherry red spots without hepatosplenomegaly and with normal beta hexosaminidase enzyme levels.
“The West of Their Imagination”: Transnational Impression Management and Canadian Migration in the Nigerian Youth Imaginary
Authors: Adeyanju Charles T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:This article examines the perceptions of Canada by Nigerian youths who have a desire to immigrate to Canada. It explicates why Canada remains an attraction to prospective immigrants in spite of documented accounts of racial discrimination against racial minorities in Canadian society. Based on semistructured and focus group interviews with thirty-five Nigerian youths, the study demonstrates that Nigerian youths chose Canada because the Canadian postsecondary education system can provide them with foreign credentials that will give them access to economic power and social prestige in an unfair and unequal Nigerian society. The youths are also impressed by the transnational lives of their peers and social groups residing in the West. Although the youths criticize the dysfunctions of key institutions of Nigerian society, especially the education institution, they do not deplore social inequality per se.
The Norwegian Model of Oil Extraction and Revenues Management in Uganda
Authors: Polus Andrzej , Tycholiz Wojciech J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:According to the latest figures, Uganda has 6.5 billion barrels of oil deposits, which makes it the third-largest oil holder in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently the country is preparing its legal and institutional framework for proper management of the oil revenues. However, developing an effective oil sector in any of the SSA states has so far proved to be a futile task. To ensure that Uganda is not going to repeat the mistakes of Nigeria, the country’s leaders have requested Norway’s assistance in preparing Uganda’s oil sector for the upcoming production phase. The major objective of this article is to determine whether the Norwegian model of oil extraction and revenues management is transplantable to the Ugandan political, economic, and social conditions.
Ethical Irony and the Relational Leader: Grappling with the Infinity of Ethics and the Finitude of Practice
Authors: Rhodes Carl , Badham Richard 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT:Relational leadership invokes an ethics involving a leader’s affective engagement and genuine concern with the interests of others. This ethics faces practical difficulties given it implies a seemingly limitless responsibility to a set of incommensurable ethical demands. This article contributes to addressing the impasse this creates in three ways. First, it clarifies the nature of the tensions involved by theorising relational leadership as caught in an irreconcilable bind between an infinitely demanding ethics and the finite possibilities of a response to those demands. Second, it examines this ethical challenge in acknowledgement of the hierarchical discourses and power dynamics in which leadership relationships are constrained and enacted. Third, it proposes “ethical irony” as a way leaders can respond to the demand for ethics without resulting in either an escape from ethics, or being crushed by its burden. Three dimensions of ethical irony are examined: ironic perspective, ironic performance, and ironic predilection.
Adapting the buying funnel model of consumer behavior to the design of an online health research recruitment tool
Authors: Doshi Aalap , Connally Lisa , Spiroff Meghan , Johnson Anita , Mashour George A. 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionUMHealthResearch is the University of Michigan’s digital health research recruitment platform. It allows health researchers to connect efficiently with potentially eligible volunteers.MethodsIn 2013, the UMHealthResearch team strategically adapted a consumer behavior model, the buying funnel, to create the Digital Health Research Participation Funnel. The Digital Health Research Participation Funnel was then used to design a more active way for potential participants to volunteer for research studies through UMHealthResearch.ResultsIn the 5 years before the redesign (2007–2012), an average of 1844 new accounts were created every year, whereas in the completed years after the redesign (2013–2016) the annual average improved to 3906, an increase of 111%.ConclusionAlthough a randomized design was not possible in this instance, these preintervention and postintervention data suggest that the focus on user experience is an effective strategy for improving web-based research recruitment platforms.
Increased xenarthran diversity of the Great American Biotic Interchange: a new genus and species of ground sloth (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from the Hemphillian (late Miocene) of Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: McDonald H. Gregory , Carranza-Castañeda Oscar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new genus and species of megalonychid sloth,Zacatzontli tecolotlanensisn. gen. n. sp., is described from the late Hemphillian of Jalisco, Mexico. Comparison and analysis of the type specimen, a mandible, with other megalonychid sloths shows a closer relationship to South American taxa than those from North America or the Caribbean. This suggests that during the early stages of the Great American Biotic Interchange there were two separate dispersal events of megalonychid sloths—an earlier one represented byPliometanastesand the later one byZacatzontlin. gen. While the morphology of the spout ofZacatzontlimore closely resembles that ofMegalonyx, based on the current record,Zacatzontlidoes does not enter North America until after the evolution ofMegalonyxfromPliometanastes. The role of the northern neotropics in South America as a staging area for South American taxa that entered North America is discussed.
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) profiling tests as diagnostic support for schizophrenia and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Juselius Baghdassarian Eva , Nilsson Markhed Maria , Lindström Eva , Nilsson Björn M , Lewander Tommy 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performances of two auditory brainstem response (ABR) profiling tests as potential biomarkers and diagnostic support for schizophrenia and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), respectively, in an investigator-initiated blinded study design.MethodMale and female patients with schizophrenia (n=26) and adult ADHD (n=24) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV) diagnostic criteria and healthy controls (n=58) comprised the analysis set (n=108) of the total number of study participants (n=119). Coded sets of randomized ABR recordings were analysed by an independent party blinded to clinical diagnoses before a joint code-breaking session.ResultsThe ABR profiling test for schizophrenia identified schizophrenia patients versus controls with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 93.1%. The ADHD test identified patients with adult ADHD versus controls with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 91.4%.ConclusionThe ABR profiling tests discriminated schizophrenia and ADHD versus healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. The methods deserve to be further explored in larger clinical studies including a broad range of psychiatric disorders to determine their utility as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Political Conditions for Electoral Accountability in Federalism
Authors: Cutler Fred 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA theory of voting under federalism requires that attributions of responsibility moderate the strength of retrospective voting. Scholars have spotty evidence that voters do this but put this down to the effects of institutions and citizens’ capabilities. I show thatpoliticalvariation also affects electoral accountability. Using panel surveys across provincial and federal elections and qualitative media content analysis, I show that voters only live up to a federal theory of voting when governments make policy changes independent of the other level and those changes and their consequences are prominent in political discourse. Federal institutions affect electoral accountability through the politics that they generate.
WEALTH-BASED INEQUALITY IN CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN INDIA: A DECOMPOSITION APPROACH
Authors: Debnath Avijit , Bhattacharjee Nairita 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDespite years of health and medical advancement, children still suffer from infectious diseases that are vaccine preventable. India reacted in 1978 by launching the Expanded Programme on Immunization in an attempt to reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Although the nation has made remarkable progress over the years, there is significant variation in immunization coverage across different socioeconomic strata. This study attempted to identify the determinants of wealth-based inequality in child immunization using a new, modified method. The present study was based on 11,001 eligible ever-married women aged 15–49 and their children aged 12–23 months. Data were from the third District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) of India, 2007–08. Using an approximation of Erreyger’s decomposition technique, the study identified unequal access to antenatal care as the main factor associated with inequality in immunization coverage in India.
Technocrats’ Compromises: Defining Race and the Struggle for Equality in Brazil, 1970–2010
Authors: POWELL BRENNA MAREA , SILVA GRAZIELLA MORAES 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on census policy-making by analysing the decision-making processes behind the apparent stability of Brazilian racial categories within a context of multiple changes in racial politics and policies over the last four decades (1970–2010). Empirically, we rely on archival material, survey and census data, as well as key informant interviews with senior technocrats from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, IBGE). Our findings show the central role of technocratic actors in shaping and giving meaning to these categories in a context of uncertainty about the most valid approach to measurement. Their role is particularly evident in IBGE's early application of thenegrocategory to the non-white population and repeated rejection of themorenocategory. Beyond technical expertise, these census officials navigated various professional, political and ideological motivations. We develop the concept of technocratic compromise to capture census officials’ decision-making process and underscore its importance to explaining census policy outcomes.
Socioeconomic inequalities in duration of untreated psychosis: evidence from administrative data in England
Authors: Reichert A. , Jacobs R. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important measure of access to care as it predicts prognosis and treatment outcomes. Little is known about potential socioeconomic inequalities in DUP. The aim of this study was to investigate inequalities in DUP associated with socioeconomic deprivation in a national cohort in England.MethodWe analysed a cohort of 887 patients with a first-episode in psychosis using the administrative Mental Health Services Dataset in England for 2012/13-2014/15. We used a Generalised Linear Model to account for non-linearity in DUP and looked at inequalities across the whole distribution of DUP using quantile regression.ResultsThe median DUP was 22 days (mean = 74 days) with considerable variations between and within the 31 hospital providers. We found evidence of significant inequalities regarding the level of socioeconomic deprivation. Patients living in the second, third and fourth deprived neighbourhood quintiles faced a 36, 24 and 31 day longer DUP than patients from the least deprived neighbourhoods. Inequalities were more prevalent in higher quantiles of the DUP distribution. Unemployment prolonged DUP by 40 days. Having been in contact with mental health care services prior to the psychosis start significantly reduced the DUP by up to 53 days.ConclusionsSocioeconomic deprivation is an important factor in explaining inequalities in DUP. Policies to improve equitable access to care should particularly focus on preventing very long delays in treatment and target unemployed patients as well as people that have not been in contact with any mental health professional in the past.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN CENTRAL, EASTERN, AND SOUTH EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: CROATIA
Authors: Huic Mirjana , Tandara Hacek Romana , Svajger Ivan 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a brief, 7-year history of health technology assessment (HTA) implementation in Croatia through national and international activities.Methods: We used retrospective descriptive analysis of key documents related to the legal framework, process of decision making, and HTA. Analysis of the Agency's plan for and experience with the implementation of a transparent HTA process in Croatia was performed by addressing seven key components of the HTA implementation scorecard framework. The main challenges and facilitating factors were also assessed.Results: HTA is not yet fully implemented in Croatia. The main challenges are the insufficient legal framework, limited human and financial resources, and limited stakeholder involvement. Facilitating factors are active international collaboration and education through EUnetHTA and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and production of national and international HTA reports.Conclusions: The HTA process is not yet sustainable in Croatia and HTA reports are still not mandatory for reimbursement/investment or disinvestment decision processes. There are still barriers to overcome.
Hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection in children in the province of Quebec, Canada, before and during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era
Authors: ANDERSON G. , DECEUNINCK G. , ZHOU Z. , BOUCHER F. D. , BONNIER VIGER Y. , GILCA R. , DE WALS P. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniaeis an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) may reduce this burden. This study's goal was to analyse trends in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) hospitalisations before and during a routine vaccination programme targeting all newborns with PCV was started in the province of Quebec, Canada in December 2004. The study population included hospital admissions with a main diagnosis of LRTI among 6–59 month-old Quebec residents from April 2000 to December 2014. Trends in proportions and rates were analysed using Cochran-Armitage tests and Poisson regression models. We observed a general downward trend in all LTRI hospitalisations rate: from 11·55/1000 person-years in 2000–2001 to 9·59/1000 in 2013–2014, a 17·0% reduction, which started before the introduction of PCV vaccination. Downward trends in hospitalisation rates were more pronounced for all-cause of pneumonia (minus 17·8%) than for bronchiolitis (minus 15·4%). There was also a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. There was little evidence that all-cause pneumonia decreased over the study period due mainly to the introduction of PCVs. Trends may be related to changes in clinical practice. This study casts doubt on the interpretation of ecological analyses of the implementation of PCV vaccination programmes.
Association between wetland presence and incidence ofSalmonella entericaserotype Javiana infections in selected US sites, 2005–2011
Authors: HUANG J. Y. , PATRICK M. E. , MANNERS J. , SAPKOTA A. R. , SCHERZINGER K. J. , TOBIN-D'ANGELO M. , HENAO O. L. , COLE D. J. , VIEIRA A. R. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYSalmonellacauses an estimated 1·2 million illnesses annually in the USA.Salmonella entericaserotype Javiana (serotype Javiana) is the fourth most common serotype isolated from humans, with the majority of illnesses occurring in southeastern states. The percentage of wetland cover by wetland type and the average incidence rates of serotype Javiana infection in selected counties of the Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) were examined. This analysis explored the relationship between wetland environments and incidence in order to assess whether regional differences in environmental habitats may be associated with observed variations in incidence. Findings suggest that environmental habitats may support reservoirs or contribute to the persistence of serotype Javiana, and may frequently contribute to the transmission of infection compared with otherSalmonellaserotypes.
Tunable two-dimensional interfacial coupling in molecular heterostructures
Authors: Xu Beibei , Chakraborty Himanshu , Yadav Vivek K. , Zhang Zhuolei , Klein Michael L. , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures are of considerable interest for the next generation nanoelectronics because of their unique interlayer coupling and optoelectronic properties. Here, we report a modified Langmuir–Blodgett method to organize two-dimensional molecular charge transfer crystals into arbitrarily and vertically stacked heterostructures, consisting of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT–TTF)/C60and poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3DDT)/C60nanosheets. A strong and anisotropic interfacial coupling between the charge transfer pairs is demonstrated. The van der Waals heterostructures exhibit pressure dependent sensitivity with a high piezoresistance coefficient of −4.4 × 10−6 Pa−1, and conductance and capacitance tunable by external stimuli (ferroelectric field and magnetic field). Density functional theory calculations confirm charge transfer between then-orbitals of the S atoms in BEDT–TTF of the BEDT–TTF/C60layer and the π* orbitals of C atoms in C60of the P3DDT/C60layer contribute to the inter-complex CT. The two-dimensional molecular van der Waals heterostructures with tunable optical–electronic–magnetic coupling properties are promising for flexible electronic applications.