bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study of possible future summer convective precipitation over the UK and Europe from a regional climate projection
Authors: Gadian Alan M. , Blyth Alan M. , Bruyere Cindy L. , Burton Ralph R. , Done James M. , Groves James , Holland Greg , Mobbs Stephen D. , Pozo Jutta Thielen‐del , Tye Mari R. , Warner James L. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTClimate change caused by green house gas emissions is now following the trend of rapid warming consistent with a RCP8.5 forcing. Climate models are still unable to represent the mesoscale convective processes that occur at resolutions ∼O(3 km) and are not capable of resolving precipitation patterns in time and space with sufficient accuracy to represent convection. In this article, the UK Met Office precipitation observations are compared with the simulations for the period 1990–1995 followed by a simulation of a near‐future period 2031–2036 for a regional nested weather model. The convection‐permitting model, resolution ∼O(3 km), provides a good correspondence to the observational precipitation data and demonstrates the importance of explicit convection for future summer precipitation estimates. The UK summer precipitation is reduced slightly (∼10%) for 2031–2036 and there is no evidence of an increase in the peak maximum hourly precipitation magnitude. A similar pattern is observed over the whole European inner model domain. The results using the Kain–Fritsch convective parameterization scheme at a resolution ∼O(12 km) in the outer domain increase summer precipitation by ∼10% for the UK. The average precipitation rate per event increases, dry periods extend and wet periods shorten. As part of the change, 10‐m winds of <3 m s−1 become more common – a scenario that would impact on power generation from wind turbines through calmer conditions and cause more frequent pollution episodes.
Warming across decades and deciles: minimum and maximum daily temperatures in China, 1955–2014
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Binhui , Henderson Mark , Shen Xiangjin , Yang Lixue , Lian Luyao 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWe report on changes in annual decile groups of daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) from 437 weather stations across China since 1955, with special attention to the reported global warming ‘hiatus’ period since 1999. The values of Tmax and Tmin have increased significantly across all deciles between 1955 and 2014, with colder deciles of Tmin increasing faster than warmer deciles. We find abrupt increases starting at colder deciles since the early 1970s for Tmin and mid‐1980s for Tmax, followed by increases in the middle deciles in the later 1980s and in the warmer deciles in the early 1990s for both Tmax and Tmin. During the warming hiatus period, in contrast to the prior rapid warming period, colder deciles show no significant decreasing trends, while most middle to warmer deciles of Tmin continue to increase significantly, a finding which is masked in studies focusing on either average temperatures or extremes. The recent pause in the increase of mean temperatures is probably due to opposing changes in the trends at the tails of the temperature distribution. Our results demonstrate the differential changes in class intervals across the entire distribution of daily maximum and minimum temperatures.
Recent applications of gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Špánik Ivan , Machyňáková Andrea 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGas chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical method that combines excellent separation power of gas chromatography with improved identification based on an accurate mass measurement. These features designate gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry as the first choice for identification and structure elucidation of unknown volatile and semi‐volatile organic compounds. Gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry quantitative analyses was previously focused on the determination of dioxins and related compounds using magnetic sector type analyzers, a standing requirement of many international standards. The introduction of a quadrupole high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass analyzer broadened interest in this method and novel applications were developed, especially for multi‐target screening purposes. This review is focused on the development and the most interesting applications of gas chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry towards analysis of environmental matrices, biological fluids, and food safety since 2010. The main attention is paid to various approaches and applications of gas chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry for non‐target screening to identify contaminants and to characterize the chemical composition of environmental, food, and biological samples. The most interesting quantitative applications, where a significant contribution of gas chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry over the currently used methods is expected, will be discussed as well.
Laser Surface Cladding of Titanium Aluminides
Authors: Kimme Thomas , Seifert Mandy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLaser powder cladding is considered the best available technology for the repair of components from power plant turbines and aviation engine components. With the technical milestone of introducing a new group of materials – the titanium aluminides (in short TiAl) – in the aircraft engine, new requirements of technical / technological challenges need to be met.
Laser Welding: FusionLine Closes the Gap
Authors: Konrad Evelyn , Daum Catharina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne of Trumpf's goals at the Schweißen & Schneiden welding trade fair in Düsseldorf was to demonstrate how lasers can facilitate the welding process. Laser welding may not be able to replace every MAG weld seam, but it offers plenty of advantages in the cases where it can. The ongoing trend towards greater product customization poses a challenge to companies as they seek ways to produce small batches more efficiently. Cost per part is a key factor – and one way to reduce it is by minimizing throughput time.
A comparative study with a 755 nm picosecond Alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array and a 532 nm/1064 nm Nd:YAG with a holographic optic
Authors: Tanghetti, MD Emil , Jennings John 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesThis study was performed to better understand the cutaneous effects of using a fractional picosecond laser at 755 nm with a diffractive lens array and a picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 mn and 1064 nm with a holographic optic. We characterized the injuries created by these devices on skin clinically and histologically over 24 hours. With this information we modeled the effects of these devices on a cutaneous target.MethodsEight patients, representing Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI, were treated on their backs with a picosecond Alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array, as well as a picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm and 1064 nm with a holographic optic. Photographs were taken 15 minutes and 24 hours after treatments. Punch biopsies were obtained at 24 hours and examined histologically.ResultsTreatment with the picosecond Nd:YAG laser at both 532 nm and 1064 nm with the holographic optic revealed erythema and small scatted areas of petechial hemorrhage areas immediately and in many cases at 24 hours after treatment. The 755 nm picosecond Alexandrite laser with diffractive lens array produced erythema immediately after treatment, which largely dissipated 24 hours later. Histologies revealed intra‐epidermal vacuoles with all three wavelengths. Fractional picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm and 1064 nm with the holographic optic showed focal areas of dermal and intra‐epidermal hemorrhage with areas of vascular damage in some patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that both fractional picosecond devices produce vacuoles in the skin, which are most likely due to areas of laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB). In the patients (skin type II–IV) we observed scatter areas of hemorrhage in the skin, due to vascular damage with the 532 nm and 1064 nm, but not with 755 nm wavelengths. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:37–44, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Functional Peptide Sequences to Lead the Design of Precision Polymers
Authors: ten Brummelhuis Niels , Wilke Patrick , Börner Hans G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeptide sciences developed dramatically as a result of routine use of solid‐phase peptide synthesis and nowadays offer a rich set of well‐established strategies to design and identify functional peptide sequences for advanced applications in materials sciences. Appropriate sequences for a wide range of interesting material targets, ranging from molecules to materials surfaces and internal interfaces, can be selected via combinatorial means, and sequence specificities within the resulting peptide–target interactions can be routinely investigated. Based on this understanding, macromolecular sciences can define new polymer structures that meet required functionalities or functional sequences with fully synthetic, nonpeptidic precision polymers to endeavor toward information‐based design of next‐generation, purpose‐adapted macromolecules.
Kufor‐Rakeb Syndrome Due to a Novel ATP13A2 Mutation in 2 Chinese‐American Brothers
Authors: Noch Evan , Henchcliffe Claire , Hellmers Natalie , Chu Mary Lynn , Pappas John , Moran Ellen , Alcaraz Wendy , Sarva Harini 
Published: November 2017

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3‐D mesoscale simulation of crack‐permeability coupling in the Brazilian splitting test
Authors: Benkemoun Nathan , Al Khazraji Hayder , Poullain Philippe , Choinska Marta , Khelidj Abdelhafid 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this paper, mesoscale hydromechanical simulations are performed to study (1) fracture features and (2) crack‐gas permeability coupling evolution in the context of the tensile splitting test. The mesostructure is based on a 2‐phase 3‐D representation of heterogeneous materials, such as concrete, where stiff aggregates are embedded into a mortar matrix. To take into account these heterogeneities without any mesh adaptation, a weak discontinuity is introduced into the strain field. In addition, a strong discontinuity is also added to take into account microcracking. This mechanical model is cast into the framework of the enhanced finite element method. Concerning the coupling with gas permeability, a double‐porosity method is used to simulate the flow through the cracks and the porosity. The apparent gas permeability is afterwards evaluated by a homogenization method. On the basis of finite element simulations, influence of aggregate size on ultimate crack opening, macroscopic ultimate tensile stress, total dissipated energy, and gas permeability evolution is numerically investigated. Furthermore, gas permeability evolution is also compared with experimental results from the literature. In addition, in the spirit of a sequential multiscale approach, macroscale gas permeability equations are identified from the hydromechanical results coming from the mesoscale computations. These equations lead to a relation between macroscale gas permeability evolution and crack opening. Besides, we show how the aggregate size influences the percolation threshold and that after this threshold, a cubic relation between macroscale gas permeability and crack opening is obtained.
De Novo Sequencing of Peptides from High‐Resolution Bottom‐Up Tandem Mass Spectra using Top‐Down Intended Methods
Authors: Vyatkina Kira , Dekker Lennard J. M. , Wu Si , VanDuijn Martijn M. , Liu Xiaowen , Tolić Nikola , Luider Theo M. , Paša‐Tolić Ljiljana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite high‐resolution mass spectrometers are becoming accessible for more and more laboratories, tandem (MS/MS) mass spectra are still often collected at a low resolution. And even if acquired at a high resolution, software tools used for their processing do not tend to benefit from that in full, and an ability to specify a relative mass tolerance in this case often remains the only feature the respective algorithms take advantage of. We argue that a more efficient way to analyze high‐resolution MS/MS spectra should be with methods more explicitly accounting for the precision level, and sustain this claim through demonstrating that a de novo sequencing framework originally developed for (high‐resolution) top‐down MS/MS data is perfectly suitable for processing high‐resolution bottom‐up datasets, even though a top‐down like deconvolution performed as the first step will leave in many spectra at most a few peaks.
Quantum‐corrected Geometry of Horizon Vicinity
Authors: Park I. Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study the deformation of the horizon‐vicinity geometry caused by quantum gravitational effects. Departure from the semi‐classical picture is noted, and the fact that the matter part of the action comes at a higher order in Newton's constant than does the Einstein‐Hilbert term is crucial for the departure. The analysis leads to a Firewall‐type energy measured by an infalling observer for which quantum generation of the cosmological constant is critical. The analysis seems to suggest that the Firewall should be a part of such deformation and that the information be stored both in the horizon‐vicinity and asymptotic boundary region. We also examine the behavior near the cosmological horizon.
Numerical modelling of stainless steel preloaded bolted connections
Authors: Hradil Petr , Chen Anqi , Baddoo Nancy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of stainless steel in construction has become more popular in recent years. It is used for a wide range of structural applications in aggressive environments where reliable performance over long periods with little maintenance is required. Although structural design standards are available for stainless steel, currently there are no rules covering the design of preloaded slip‐resistant bolted connections because of the lack of knowledge about their long‐term viscoplastic behaviour. Viscoplastic creep and stress relaxation in the preloaded bolt assemblies will lead to a certain loss of clamping force and may cause the failure of the connection if not accounted for. This paper presents the development of material models and finite element models for bolt assemblies based on an extensive experimental study of creep, relaxation and tension effects on austenitic, ferritic, duplex and lean duplex steel plates and bars for different loading rates. These models were verified against slip tests with stainless steel bolt assemblies according to EN 1090‐2 and then used in a parametric study to extend the scope of the connections investigated. Both experimental programmes were carried out in the European RFCS research project SIROCO (Execution and reliability of slip‐resistant connections for steel structures using Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel) as well as finite element calculations.
Critical Book Clubs: Reimagining Literature Reading and Response
Authors: Jocius Robin , Shealy Samantha 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLiterature circles, or book clubs, are a long‐standing pedagogical tradition designed to support students' reading and response to literature. However, critics of these student‐led literature discussions have argued that this format can limit opportunities for students to engage meaningfully with political, social, and cultural issues. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with a framework for designing critical book clubs that support students' development as empowered readers and writers who critique the world around them and advocate for social change. Drawing on findings from a yearlong study in which third‐grade students interrogated representations of disability, difference, and stereotypes, the authors describe a four‐phase model for scaffolding critical book clubs, as well as instructional strategies for supporting students' navigation of new forms of critical interactions with texts and their peers.
Engineering cofactor flexibility enhanced 2,3-butanediol production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liang Keming , Shen Claire R 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Enzymatic reduction of acetoin into 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) typically requires the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or its phosphate form (NADPH) as electron donor. Efficiency of 2,3-BD biosynthesis, therefore, is heavily influenced by the enzyme specificity and the cofactor availability which varies dynamically. This work describes the engineering of cofactor flexibility for 2,3-BD production by simultaneous overexpression of an NADH-dependent 2,3-BD dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpBudC) and an NADPH-specific 2,3-BD dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii (CbAdh). Co-expression of KpBudC and CbAdh not only enabled condition versatility for 2,3-BD synthesis via flexible utilization of cofactors, but also improved production stereo-specificity of 2,3-BD without accumulation of acetoin. With optimization of medium and fermentation condition, the co-expression strain produced 92 g/L of 2,3-BD in 56 h with 90% stereo-purity for (R,R)-isoform and 85% of maximum theoretical yield. Incorporating cofactor flexibility into the design principle should benefit production of bio-based chemical involving redox reactions.
Reynolds-number dependence of wall-pressure fluctuations in a pressure-induced turbulent separation bubble
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2017

Direct numerical simulations are used to examine the behaviour of wall-pressure fluctuations$p_{w}$in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer with large adverse and favourable pressure gradients, involving separation and reattachment. The Reynolds number$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$based on momentum thickness is equal to 300, 600 and 900. Particular attention is given to effects of Reynolds number on root-mean-square (r.m.s.) values, frequency/power spectra and instantaneous fields. The possible scaling laws are also examined as compared with the existing direct numerical simulation and experimental data. The r.m.s. value of$p_{w}$normalized by the local maximum Reynolds shear stress$-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\overline{uv}_{max}$(Simpson et al. J. Fluid Mech.vol. 177, 1987, pp. 167–186; Na & MoinJ. Fluid Mech.vol. 377, 1998b, pp. 347–373) leads to near plateau (i.e.$p_{w\,rms}/-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\overline{uv}_{max}=2.5\sim 3$) in the adverse pressure gradient and separated regions in which the frequency spectra exhibit good collapse at low frequencies. The magnitude of$p_{w\,rms}/-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\overline{uv}_{max}$is however reduced down to 1.8 near reattachment where good collapse is also obtained with normalization by the local maximum wall-normal Reynolds stress$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\overline{vv}_{max}$. Near reattachment,$p_{w\,rms}/-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}\overline{vv}_{max}=1.2$is attained unambiguously independently of the Reynolds number and pressure gradient. The present magnitude (1.2) is smaller than (1.35) obtained for step-induced separation by Ji & Wang (J. Fluid Mech.vol. 712, 2012, pp. 471–504). The reason for this difference is intrinsically associated with convective nature of a pressure-induced separation bubble near reattachment where the magnitude of$p_{w\,rms}$depends essentially on the favourable pressure gradient. The resulting mean flow acceleration leads to delay of the r.m.s. peak after reattachment. Attention is also given to structures of$p_{w}$. It is shown that large-scale spanwise rollers of low pressure fluctuations are formed above the bubble, whilst changing to large-scale streamwise elongated structures after reattachment. These large-scale structures become more prominent with increasing$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$and affect$p_{w}$significantly.
Auction-Price Dynamics for Fine Wines from Age-Period-Cohort Models
Authors: Breeden Joseph L. , Liang Sisi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn an attempt to expand the understanding of auction-price dynamics for fine wines, an age-period-cohort (APC) algorithm is applied to a database of 1.5 million auction results to quantify key drivers of these price dynamics. APC algorithms are designed to separate price appreciation with the age of the wine from overall wine-market conditions as well as to adjust for the unique value of specific vintages. In this context, the APC modeling provides a kind of Hedonic modeling, with specific controls regarding specification errors.The analysis was segmented by Château Lafite Rothschild, Bordeaux excluding Lafite, and Burgundy so that we could test specific events related to Château Lafite Rothschild. The results show price dynamics versus the ages of the wines and allow for the measurement of long-term price-appreciation potential. Environment functions versus auction dates quantify the “Lafite Bubble” and suggest past correlation to Chinese stock-market indices. An analysis of wine ratings versus price quantifies their nonlinear relationship. An analysis across nine auction houses shows a significant price spread for similar wines. (JEL Classifications: C23, D44, G11, G12, Q11)
Quotidian realities of organic mothering in Turkey
Authors: Soysal Al İrem 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article explores how mothers in Turkey respond to the current atmosphere of food fear and the neoliberal rhetoric of the individualization of risks, as well as interrogating the class dimension of the varying ways in which mothers experience pressures regarding feeding their children in an organic manner. The article primarily suggests that mothers adopt different organic food strategies across class divisions—particularly through class-specific definitions of “organic”—so as to deal in stratified ways with the challenges organic feeding brings. It indicates that organic mothering practices have been incorporated into the lifestyle and cultural distinctions of middle-class families and reinforced by rural nostalgia. Contrary to this, ideas about “the organic” and rural nostalgia are mostly translated as “home-made” for lower-class families. Relying on sixteen in-depth interviews with mothers in İstanbul and on an analysis of posts and comments found on a mothering blog, this article offers empirical findings on analyses of organic mothering and risk from a standpoint and location that have been largely ignored in the existing literature. It also contributes to analyses about neoliberal transformations in the Turkish food market and the growing literature on family and neoliberalism under the government of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) by bringing a research-based view on the subjective experiences of mothers into a discourse that is rather political in nature as well as into policy research discussions.
Place, food, and agriculture: the use of geographical indications in olive oil production in western Turkey
Authors: Nizam Derya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study concerns how olive oil producers and local bureaucrats in western Turkey use geographical indications (GIs) as a localist strategy to strengthen their position in global markets by challenging conventional agricultural practices. The study employs the disarticulation approach of global commodity chain analysis in order to understand which factors delink people and places from conventional commodity chains/industrial chains and link them instead to GI chains. The results of the study indicate that regional disadvantages—e.g., high production costs due to land characteristics—are the main factor delinking local actors from the conventional olive oil commodity chain. Furthermore, certain dynamic rent opportunities that are related to characteristics of territorial quality and to local cultural characteristics also contribute to the linking of the region and producers to GI chains.