bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual stress rotations within the Philippines possibly caused by slip heterogeneity along the Philippine fault
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Pulido Nelson , Fukuyama Eiichi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo understand the complex tectonic interactions between subduction margins and transcurrent faults, we investigated the spatial distribution of stress orientations in the Philippines by using focal mechanisms derived from the waveform data of regional broadband seismic stations and Global Centroid Moment Tensor solutions. We investigated the spatial distribution of stress orientations by dividing the region into a central region containing the Philippine fault (PF) and regions to the east and west of the PF. Our stress tensor inversion results show that the σ1 axes in the central and eastern regions are WNW‐ESE oriented and parallel to the relative plate motion orientations. However, in the western region, the orientations of σ1 axes were different. In particular, the orientations of the σ1 axes in the southern part (Bohol region) differ substantially (differences exceed approximately 60°) from those of the relative plate motion. Furthermore, the orientations of the σ1 axes in the northern part (Mindoro and southwestern Luzon regions) differ by approximately 30° from those found throughout the Philippines. The σ1 axes in the Bohol region and the σ3 axes in the Mindoro and southwestern Luzon regions are parallel to the strike of the PF. It was demonstrated that our numerical model incorporating slip on the PF and interplate coupling is able to successfully reproduce the features of the observed stress pattern.
Statistical analysis of storm electrical discharges reconstituted from a lightning mapping system, a lightning location system, and an acoustic array
Authors: Gallin Louis‐Jonardan , Farges Thomas , Marchiano Régis , Coulouvrat François , Defer Eric , Rison William , Schulz Wolfgang , Nuret Mathieu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the framework of the European Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment project, a field campaign devoted to the study of electrical activity during storms took place in the south of France in 2012. An acoustic station composed of four microphones and four microbarometers was deployed within the coverage of a Lightning Mapping Array network. On the 26 October 2012, a thunderstorm passed just over the acoustic station. Fifty‐six natural thunder events, due to cloud‐to‐ground and intracloud flashes, were recorded. This paper studies the acoustic reconstruction, in the low frequency range from 1 to 40 Hz, of the recorded flashes and their comparison with detections from electromagnetic networks. Concurrent detections from the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection lightning location system were also used. Some case studies show clearly that acoustic signal from thunder comes from the return stroke but also from the horizontal discharges which occur inside the clouds. The huge amount of observation data leads to a statistical analysis of lightning discharges acoustically recorded. Especially, the distributions of altitudes of reconstructed acoustic detections are explored in detail. The impact of the distance to the source on these distributions is established. The capacity of the acoustic method to describe precisely the lower part of nearby cloud‐to‐ground discharges, where the Lightning Mapping Array network is not effective, is also highlighted.
Using earth‐tide induced water pressure changes to measure in situ permeability: A comparison with long‐term pumping tests
Authors: Allègre Vincent , Brodsky Emily E. , Xue Lian , Nale Stephanie M. , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGood constraints on hydrogeological properties are an important first step in any quantitative model of groundwater flow. Field estimation of permeability is difficult as it varies over orders of magnitude in natural systems and is scale‐dependent. Here we directly compare permeabilities inferred from tidal responses with conventional large‐scale, long‐term pumping tests at the same site. Tidally induced water pressure changes recorded in wells are used to infer permeability at ten locations in a densely fractured sandstone unit. Each location is either an open‐hole well or a port in a multilevel monitoring well. Tidal response is compared at each location to the results of two conventional, long‐term and large scale pumping tests performed at the same site. We obtained consistent values between the methods for a range of site‐specific permeabilities varying from ∼10−15 m2 to 10−13 m2 for both open wells with large open intervals and multilevel monitoring well. We conclude that the tidal analysis is able to capture passive and accurate estimates of permeability.
Long‐Distance Relationships
Authors: Oakes Kelly Finch , Brown Kristina S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Long‐distance relationships involve a geographical separation between partners. Initially considered to be a relationship form limited mostly to college students, long‐distance relationships are increasing in number and type. With technological advances, a shifting economy, and a stronger emphasis on individual success and autonomy, long‐distance relationships are becoming more prevalent in dual‐income couples who must face the challenges and embrace the advantages of the long‐distance lifestyle.
Definition of Family
Authors: Miller Lisa R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDefinitions of family typically differ considerably among researchers and the general public alike. Indeed, most family scholars have been unable to come to a consensus on a definition today. Views on family decline versus resilience largely shape debates about how family would best be defined. One common myth is that the nuclear family has existed across all historical periods and cultural contexts but many scholars now maintain that this familial form is not universal. Although some family scholars advocate for a working definition of family for research and policy purposes, the conceptualizations now offered are typically broader in nature than traditional definitions of family. Definitions of family adopted by researchers and the general public alike have increasingly become more inclusive over time.
Silver‐Catalyzed 7‐exo‐dig Cyclization of Silylenolether‐ynesulfonamides
Authors: Heinrich Clément F. , Fabre Indira , Miesch Laurence 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCyclization of silylenolether‐ynesulfonamides proceeds at ambient temperature under mild reaction conditions under silver catalysis. Bridged compounds were obtained exclusively through 7‐exo‐dig reactions. The protocol is applicable to a wide range of substrates, thus leading to azabicyclic frameworks.
Conversion of Nitric Oxide into Nitrous Oxide as Triggered by the Polarization of Coordinated NO by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Chuang Chuan‐Hung , Liaw Wen‐Feng , Hung Chen‐Hsiung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReduction of the {Co(NO)}8 cobalt–nitrosyl N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) [Co(CTPPMe)(NO)] (1) produced electron‐rich {Co(NO)}9 [Co(CTPPMe)(NO)][Co(Cp*)2] (2), which was necessary for NO‐to‐N2O conversion. Complex 2 was NO‐reduction‐silent in neat THF, but was partially activated to a hydrogen‐bonded species 2⋅⋅⋅MeOH in THF/MeOH (1:1, v/v). This species coupling with 2 transformed NO into N2O, which was fragmented from an [N2O2]‐bridging intermediate. An intense IR peak at 1622 cm−1 was ascribed to ν(NO) in an [N2O2]‐containing intermediate. Time–course ESI(−) mass spectra supported the presence of the dimeric [Co(NCP)]2(N2O2) intermediate. Five complete NO‐to‐N2O conversion cycles were possible without significant decay in the amount of N2O produced.
Changes of probabilities in different wind grades induced by land use and cover change in Eastern China Plain during 1980–2011
Authors: Zha Jinlin , Wu Jian , Zhao Deming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe differences of the near‐surface wind speed (SWS) between the frictional wind model (FWM) and the observation are used to reflect the impacts of land use and cover change (LUCC) onSWSin Eastern China Plain (ECP). Results show thatLUCCmakes the range ofSWSnarrow, which had significantly weakening effect to stronger wind than weaker wind. In addition, the decrease of probabilities for observed gentle breeze (GB), moderate breeze (MB), and wind speed greater than or equal to 8 m s−1(WSGE8) are more significant in large cities than that in small cities.
Visko‐elastisches Verhalten von Holz‐Klebstoff‐Verbindungen unter zyklischer Zug‐Druck‐Belastung
Authors: Zerbst David , Baensch Franziska , Pfriem Alexander , Niemz Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wurde ein Prüfverfahren angewendet, das statische, zyklische Belastung von Klebstofffugen infolge Quellen und Schwinden des Holzes simuliert und plastische Verformungen im niedrigen Lastbereich aufzeigt. Es wurde das elastische Verhalten von Zugscher‐Prüfkörpern, welche aus Buchenholz verklebt mit drei verschiedenen Holz‐Klebstoff arten (MUF, PRF, PUR) hergestellt wurden, unter zyklischer Zug‐ und Druck‐Belastung untersucht und die Verlust‐ und Speicherenergie ausgewertet. Alle getesteten Verkle bungen wiesen bereits bei sehr niedrigem Lastniveau von 3 MPa viskose Anteile auf, die mit höherer Last zunahmen. Für die PRF‐Verklebung wurde bei der Laststufe von 7 MPa ein elastischeres Verhalten beobachtet als für die übrigen Ver klebungen. Die für die PUR‐Verklebung erfasste ansteigende Verlustenergie deutet auf eine Aufweichung der Klebstofffuge hin.
Synthesis and structural insight into ESX‐1 Substrate Protein C, an immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐secreted antigen
Authors: Son Soo Jung , Harris Paul W. R. , Squire Chris J. , Baker Edward N. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTuberculosis, the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, is recognized as a major threat to human health due to a lack of practicable vaccines against the disease and the widespread occurrence of drug resistance. With a pressing need for a novel protein target as a platform for new vaccine development, ESX‐1 Substrate Protein C (EspC) was recently identified as a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐secreted antigen that is as immunodominant as the two specific immunodiagnostic T‐cell antigens, CFP‐10 and ESAT‐6. Here, we present the first chemical total synthesis, folding conditions, and circular dichroism data of EspC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 267–274, 2016.
Design and implementation of an interactive virtual control laboratory using haptic interface for undergraduate engineering students
Authors: Amirkhani Saeed , Nahvi Ali 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn most engineering courses, students need to experience the theoretical issues discussed in the classrooms to gain a deeper understanding. The high cost of laboratory equipment deprives many educational institutions of delivering quality education. Virtual laboratories can alleviate this problem substantially. Virtual laboratories with audiovisual and force feedback make the understanding and analysis of many engineering courses possible. This paper presents the design and implementation of an interactive virtual control laboratory (IVCL) for university students studying engineering at the undergraduate level. In this laboratory, six experimental setups are designed and for each setup, five to six scenarios are considered. Therefore, a considerable amount of the classical concepts in control course and a selection of advanced concepts such as impedance control and fuzzy control are covered. Statistical analysis for both experimental and control groups’ pre‐test and post‐test indicates the effectiveness of this interactive virtual laboratory. For example, the mean scores for the experimental group was 21% higher in comparison with the control group and 18% higher in comparison with their own pre‐test. Also, according to students’ responses to survey questions, a laboratory program is necessary for the control course and interactive virtual laboratory can compensate lack of a real laboratory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:508–518, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21727
Is Consumer Culture Theory research or realpolitik? A sociology of knowledge analysis of a scientific culture
Authors: Ostergaard Per , Bode Matthias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) was introduced by Arnould and Thompson () it was part of a strategy to create legitimacy for interpretive research. It was argued that interpretive researchers needed to be more pragmatic in their attitude. This was a fundamental change in the scientific culture in this stream of research. This paper analyses these changes and studies how CCT represents a new and pragmatic attitude. It is shown how the changes intended by CCT can imply a shift from a focus on new groundbreaking research to an awareness of the consequences of realpolitik. This strategic move can be seen as an example of how scientific cultures try to move from a marginal position to the mainstream. The consequences of this attempt to manage science are analysed, and solutions to problems created by these changes are developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloroquine could be used for the treatment of filoviral infections and other viral infections that emerge or emerged from viruses requiring an acidic pH for infectivity
Authors: Akpovwa Hephzibah 
Published: March 2016

Viruses from the Filoviridae family, as many other virus families, require an acidic pH for successful infection and are therefore susceptible to the actions of 4‐aminoquinolines, such as chloroquine.Although the mechanisms of action of chloroquine clearly indicate that it might inhibit filoviral infections, several clinical trials that attempted to use chloroquine in the treatment of other acute viral infections – including dengue and influenza A and B – caused by low pH‐dependent viruses, have reported that chloroquine had no clinical efficacy, and these results demoted chloroquine from the potential treatments for other virus families requiring low pH for infectivity.The present review is aimed at investigating whether chloroquine could combat the present Ebola virus epidemic, and also at exploring the main reasons for the reported lack of efficacy. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, reference list of articles and textbooks – Fields Virology (Volumes 1and 2), the cytokine handbook, Pharmacology in Medicine: Principles and Practice, and hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy.The present analysis concludes that (1) chloroquine might find a place in the treatment of Ebola, either as a monotherapy or in combination therapies; (2) the ineffectiveness of chloroquine, or its analogue, hydroxychloroquine, at treating infections from low pH‐dependent viruses is a result of the failure to attain and sustain a steady state concentration sufficient to increase and keep the pH of the acidic organelles to approximately neutral levels; (3) to successfully treat filoviral infections – or other viral infections that emerge or emerged from low pH‐dependent viruses – a steady state chloroquine plasma concentration of at least 1 µg/mL(~3.125 μM/L) or a whole blood concentration of 16 μM/L must be achieved and be sustained until the patients' viraemia becomes undetectable. These concentrations, however, do not rule out the efficacy of other, higher, steady state concentrations – although such concentrations might be accompanied by severe adverse effects or toxicities. The feasibility of the conclusion in the preceding texts has recently been supported by a subsequent study that shows that amodiaquine, a derivative of CQ, is able to protect humans infected with Ebola from death.
Why Does the Intramolecular Trimethylene‐Bridged Frustrated Lewis Pair Mes2PCH2CH2CH2B(C6F5)2 Not Activate Dihydrogen?
Authors: Özgün Thomas , Ye Ke‐Yin , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Wibbeling Birgit , Liu Lei , Grimme Stefan , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe methyl labelled C3‐bridged frustrated phosphane borane Lewis pair (P/B FLP) 2 b was prepared by treatment of Mes2PCl with a methallyl Grignard reagent followed by anti‐Markovnikov hydroboration with Piers’ borane [HB(C6F5)2)]. The FLP 2 b is inactive toward dihydrogen under typical ambient conditions, in contrast to the C2‐ and C4‐bridged FLP analogues. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy showed that this was not due to kinetically hindered P⋅⋅⋅B dissociation of 2 b. DFT calculations showed that the hydrogen‐splitting reaction of the parent compound 2 a is markedly endergonic. The PH+/BH− H2‐splitting product of 2 b was indirectly synthesized by a sequence of H+/H− addition. It lost H2 at ambient conditions and confirmed the result of the DFT analysis.
A General Palladium‐Catalyzed Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides
Authors: Yuen On Ying , So Chau Ming , Man Ho Wing , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA general palladium‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides with aryl and heteroaryl trialkoxysilanes by a Pd(OAc)2/L2 catalytic system is presented. A newly developed water addition protocol can dramatically improve the product yields. The conjugation of the Pd/L2 system and the water addition protocol can efficiently catalyze a broad range of electron‐rich, ‐neutral, ‐deficient, and sterically hindered aryl chlorides and heteroaryl chlorides with excellent yields within three hours and the catalyst loading can be down to 0.05 mol % Pd for the first time. Hiyama coupling of heteroaryl chlorides with heteroaryl silanes is also reported for the first time. The reaction can be easily scaled up 200 times (100 mmol) without any degasification and purification of reactants; this facilitates the practical application in routine synthesis.
Catalyst‐Free Three‐Component Tandem CDC Cyclization: Convenient Access to Isoindolinones from Aromatic Acid, Amides, and DMSO by a Pummerer‐Type Rearrangement
Authors: Wang Peng‐Min , Pu Fan , Liu Ke‐Yan , Li Chao‐Jun , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Shi Xian‐Ying , Fan Juan , Yang Ming‐Yu , Wei Jun‐Fa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA catalyst‐free multicomponent CDC reaction is rarely reported, especially for the intermolecular tandem CDC cyclization, which represents an important strategy for constructing cyclic compounds. Herein, a three‐component tandem CDC cyclization by a Pummerer‐type rearrangement to afford biologically relevant isoindolinones from aromatic acids, amides, and DMSO, is described. This intermolecular tandem reaction undergoes a C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, C−N bond formation, and intramolecular amidation. A notable feature of this novel protocol is avoiding a catalyst and additive (apart from oxidant).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INTENSITY IN THE RESONANCE RAMAN EFFECT PART 1, THE DIATOMIC MOLECULE IN THE HARMONIC POTENTIAL APPROXIMATION
Authors: KOBINATA SHUNSUKE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAusgehend von den Kramers‐Heisenberg‐Dispersionsgleichungen unter Bezug auf ein zweiatomiges Molekül in harmonischer Potentialnäherung werden Beziehungen für die Raman‐Intensitäten der Grund‐ und Überschwingungen abgeleitet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ZR(OH)2SO4.H2O
Authors: HANSSON MARGARETA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 6,497; b = 12,460; c = 6,826 Å, β = 96,31°, Z=4 in C2/c. Ihre Struktur besteht aus fast ebenen, unendlichen [Zr(0H)2]n2n+‐Ketten, die in einer Richtung von Sulfatgruppen zusammengehalten werden und damit Schichten bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: FAR INFRARED SPECTRA AND SUBSTITUTION REACTION MECHANISM IN COMPLEXES OF THE TYPE (M(NH3)5H2O)(3+) (WITH M=CO, RH, IR)
Authors: GATTEGNO D. , MONACELLI F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie FIR‐Spektren der Komplexe (I) wurden aufgenommen und die Banden zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORO COMPLEXES OF GOLD IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: SUAREZ T. E. , IWAMOTO R. T. , KLEINBERG J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPotentiometrisch wurden die schrittweisen Bildungskonstanten von AuCl bzw. AuCl; in Dimethylsulfoxid zu 1010:9 bzw. 105 7 bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE AQUEOUS SOLUBILITIES OF NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE AND DINITROGEN TETRAFLUORIDE
Authors: DEAN CHRISTOPHER R. S. , FINCH ARTHUR , GARDNER PETER J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Löslichkeiten von NF3 (298‐3 18 K) und vonN2F4 (288‐318 K) in Wasser werden bestimmt und die Lösungsenthalpien und ‐entropien ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASENZUSAMMENSETZUNG DER ELEKTRODENPASTEN VON BLEIAKKUMULATOREN
Authors: RUSIN A. I. , DASOYAN M. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Phasenzusammensetzung der aus stark dxidiertem Pb‐Pulver mit wäßriger H2SO4‐ Lösung erhaltenen Pasten ist stark von den Herstellungs‐ und Verarbeitungsbedingungen ( ;z.B. Pb/H2SO4‐ Verhältnis, Trocknungsbehandlung) abhängig.
ChemInform Abstract: ADSORPTION VON (51)CRO4(2‐) AN FRISCH GEFAELLTEM BARIUMSULFAT
Authors: WINZER ACHIM , GEYER RUDOLF 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Adsorption von Tracermengen slCrOä′ an frisch gefalltem BaSO4 wird in Abhängigkeit vom Reifungs‐ und Alterungsgrad untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASSIGNMENT OF INNER‐ AND OUTER‐SPHERE MECHANISMS TO THE VANADIUM(II) REDUCTIONS OF HALOGENOPENTA‐AMMINECOBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: HYDE MICHAEL R. , TAYLOR ROGER S. , SYKES A. GEOFFREY 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObgleich die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten bei 25°C für die V2+‐Reduktion von Co(NH3)5F2+ (I), Co(NH3)5Cl2+ (II), Co(NH3)5Br2+ (III) und CO(NH3)5J2+ (IV) eine systematische Folge bilden, muß aus den Aktivierungsparametern für (I) im Vergleich zu (II), (III) und (IV) ein unterschiedlicher Mechanismus gefolgert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLIKATIONSEFFEKT BEI DER SENSIBILISIERUNG ORGANISCHER MOLEKUELKRISTALLE DURCH INDUZIERTE FELDEMISSION
Authors: KILLESREITER H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Quantenausbeute für den sensibilisierten Photostrom bei einer aus einem p‐Chloranilkristall und monomolekularen Schichten von Cyaninfarbstoffen und Fettsäuren bestehenden sandwichartigen Anordnung mit aufgedampften Al‐Elektroden ist bis zu mehreren Größenordnungen größer als eins.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SEVEN‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES, THE 1,3‐DIOXACYCLOHEPTANES, PROTON AND CARBON‐13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: GIANNI M. H. , SAAVEDRA J. , SAVOY J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie NMR‐Spektren und Konformationen der nach beschriebenen Verfahren erhaltenen D?ioxa‐cycloheptane (I)‐(IV) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL FLUORINATION OF GASES PART 8, THE FLUORINATION OF CARBONYL SULFIDE
Authors: NAGASE SHUNJI , BABA HAJIME , KODAIRA KAZUO , ABE TAKASHI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie elektrochemische Fluorierung der Titelverbindung mit HF in der Gasphase führt zu Carbonylfluorid und Schwefelhexafluorid als Hauptprodukten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROSYNTHESE SYMMETRISCHER UND UNSYMMETRISCHER SULFONE
Authors: KNITTEL D. , KASTENING B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSulfone lassen sich durch kathodische Reduktion von SO2 in Gegenwart elektrophiler Substratmoleküle synthetisieren, so z.B. Allylmethylsulfon aus S02, Allylbromid und Methylbromid oder Allylchlorid und Methyljodid.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION AND RETRODIENE REACTION OF 1,4‐BIS(METHOXYCARBONYL)‐BICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTA‐2,5‐DIENE
Authors: WARREN C. B. , BLOOMFIELD J. J. , CHICKOS J. S. , ROUSE R. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Cyclohexadiendicarbonsäureester (I) und Maleinsäureanhydrid (II) entsteht das Addukt (III), das bei der in einer ausführlich beschriebenen Apparatur durchgeführten elektrochemischen Decarboxylierung das Bis‐methoxycarbonyl‐bicyclooctadien (IV) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF CYCLOHEPTATRIENE AND NITROSOBENZENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ITO SHO , NARITA SEN‐ICHI , ENDO KATSUYA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCycloheptatrien (I) reagiert mit den Nitrosobenzolen (II) in Chloroform bei Abwesenheit von Licht unter einer Stickstoffatmosphäre zu den [6 + 2]‐Cycloaddukten (III).