bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precursor of N atoms of hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride films formed from the microwave discharge of C2H2/N2 gas mixture
Authors: Ito Haruhiko , Tsudome Hiroki , Mogi Nobuyoshi , Saitoh Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride films with the [N]/([N] + [C]) ratios of 0.29–0.44 were formed from the microwave discharge of the gas mixture of C2H2 with an excess amount of N2. The ratio of the fluxes, s = Φa-CN/ΦCN(X), was evaluated in this study, where Φa-CN was the flux of N atoms incorporated into the films and ΦCN(X) was that of CN radicals in the gas phase. ΦCN(X) was evaluated from the density of CN radicals using the A2Πi–X2Σ+ laser-induced fluorescence spectra and from the flow speed using the time-resolved emission, and Φa-CN from the film mass calibrated against atomic compositions. The s value was in the range of 0.22–0.78, being 1.2–1.7 times the sticking probability of CN radicals corrected in this study, 0.19–0.45. Then, the contribution of CN radicals was evaluated to be 60–80% of the N source of the films. The chemical structure and mechanical property of the films were analyzed in terms of Raman scattering, IR absorption, and nanoindentation measurements.
New Cu(AuTiNx) copper alloy film and its features
Authors: Lin Chon-Hsin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this study, a new copper alloy [Cu(AuTiN
x
)] film is developed for industrial applications, by cosputtering Cu and titanium gold (AuTi) targets on a barrierless Si substrate within a vacuum chamber sparsely filled with N2 gas. Through extensive tests conducted in this study, the new alloy film, after annealing at 720 °C for 1 h, shows good thermal stability and high adhesion strength to the substrate, without appreciable interactions between the film and the substrate. The new Cu(AuTiN
x
) alloy film also has adequate wetting for solder, shows good solderability, and has a dissolution rate lower than that of pure Cu by at least 1 order of magnitude, in addition to having a comparable consumption rate to that of Ni. The alloy film seems to be suitable for many industrial applications, e.g., barrierless Si metallization, interconnect manufacture, and as new wetting and diffusion layers for flip-chip solder joints in conventional metallurgy.
A proposal for selecting target buildings for the reorganization of public housing using a depth‐first search algorithm with recursive functions
Authors: Inada Kouya , Miura Ken 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe improved a method to support more general and rational reorganization planning, demonstrating its practicality through application to Kobe municipal housing complexes. We initially developed a cost‐effective algorithm using depth‐first search, enabling the consideration of a larger pool of dwelling units and houses for reorganization. We then ensured the algorithm accounts for practical constraints by grouping sale sites together and considering proximity to roads, thereby deriving more viable combinations. Furthermore, we clarified the break‐even point for the reorganization projects, allowing for an assessment of project feasibility from a profitability standpoint.
Serum chemistry, thyroxine concentration, and blood cell morphology of wild, young Blackchin Guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus sampled on the eastern Mediterranean coastline
Authors: Schwartz Nevo , Morick Danny , Azrieli Barak , Scheinin Aviad , Tchernov Dan , Aroch Itamar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Blackchin Guitarfish Glaucostegus cemiculus is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and is critically endangered, but relevant routine laboratory data are unavailable. Our objectives were to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), comprehensive serum chemistry analytes, and serum total thyroxine (sTT4) concentration; compare serum albumin and serum globulin concentrations as measured by two different methods; and describe the blood cell morphology of healthy, free-ranging Blackchin Guitarfish.

Methods
Wild Blackchin Guitarfish were captured using a seine net. Blood samples for serum chemistry and hematological analyses were obtained and measured using routine laboratory methods. The fish were tagged and released.

Result
This study included 43 Blackchin Guitarfish (17 males and 26 females) that were younger than 6 months as estimated based on total length and body weight. The median PCV (n = 23) was 22% (minimum–maximum [min–max] = 15–25%). Median sTT4 (n = 10) measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay was 7.86 nmol/L (min–max = 7.52–9.57 nmol/L). The study included a comprehensive, 25-analyte serum chemistry analysis (e.g., serum iron and unbound and total iron-binding capacity) and a morphological description of all blood cells. Serum electrophoresis (SEP; n = 13) yielded a consistent serum albumin-migrating protein fraction and four globulin fractions. Serum electrophoretograms corroborating these results are presented.

Conclusion
In Blackchin Guitarfish, the serum albumin-migrating fraction measured by SEP combined with serum total protein concentration yields a much higher albumin concentration compared to that measured by bromocresol green spectrophotometry. The true identity of this albumin-migrating fraction remains to be identified. The analytes' calculated 2.5–97.5% interpercentile intervals should be considered as reference intervals applying to Blackchin Guitarfish of similar age but should be applied cautiously to adult fish.
Abstract
Impact statement This study incudes novel comprehensive basic laboratory data describing young, healthy Blackchin Guitarfish, a critically endangered species in the Mediterranean Sea. The findings significantly increase the scientific knowledge of this species, potentially contributing to its conservation.
γ‐Valerolactone Enabling Spontaneously Inhibited Iodide Oxidation for High‐Quality Perovskite Single Crystal Fabrication
Authors: Li Zining , Sun Shipei , Jiang Haotian , Ding Zhiyuan , Zhang Chao , Cui Zhili , Wang Yuling , Chen Yu , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe iodide precursor oxidation has persistently plagued solution grown iodine‐based perovskite single crystals (IPSCs) that inevitably introduce undesirable triiodide ion (I3−) defects and severely hindering crystal quality, despite IPSCs having garnered remarkable progress in multifarious photoelectronic applications. In this work, the spontaneously inhibited iodide oxidation is discovered in an eco‐friendly solvent, γ‐Valerolactone (GVL), and demonstrates a universal solution approach for fabricating high‐quality IPSCs. Compared to the routine γ‐Butyrolactone (GBL) system, GVL provides a lowered growth temperature and a significantly broadened inverse temperature operation window, thereby improving the theoretical utilization rate of perovskite precursors up to 88.6%. More importantly, due to its higher open‐ring hydrolysis energy, GVL can spontaneously inhibit the iodide precursors oxidation without any additional reductant and therefore effectively prevent the forming I3− defects. Typically, the as‐fabricated MAPbI3 single crystal possesses an extremely low trap density of 3.57 × 108 cm−3 and a high carrier mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product of 2.74 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, which enables its photodetection capabilities to be on a par with the state‐of‐art MAPbI3 single crystal photodetectors. This work paves an efficacious and green pathway for high‐quality IPSC fabrication toward advanced optoelectronic utilizations.
Biomimetic Surface Nanoengineering of Biodegradable Zn‐Based Orthopedic Implants for Enhanced Biocompatibility and Immunomodulation
Authors: Xiang Enmao , Vaquette Cedryck , Liu Shulei , Raveendran Nimal , Schulz Benjamin L. , Nowwarote Nunthawan , Dargusch Matthew , Abdal‐hay Abdalla , Fournier Benjamin P. J. , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) is gaining increased recognition as a biodegradable metal in biomedical applications but clinical translation is limited due to its poor biocompatibility. This study addresses these issues through an innovative biomimetic strategy, introducing an efficient surface nanoengineering approach that creates nano‐geometric features and chemical compositions by modulating the exposure time to a biological medium – Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM). These nanoengineered Zn implants exhibited tunable degradation rates. The nanostructures enhanced human osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation following direct contact, and improved macrophage function by promoting pseudopod formation and transitioning from a pro‐inflammatory M1 to a pro‐reparative M2 phenotype. In vivo studies show that the surface‐engineered implants effectively promoted tissue integration via M2 macrophage polarization, resulting in a favorable immunomodulatory environment, and increased collagen deposition. Proteomic analyses show that the tissues in the vicinity of the surface‐engineered Zn implants are enriched with proteins related to key wound healing biological mechanisms such as cell adhesion, cytoskeletal structural arrangement, and immune response. This study highlights the improved biocompatibility and anti‐inflammatory effects of surface‐engineered Zn, with important implications for the clinical translation of biodegradable Zn‐based orthopedic implants.
Modulating Carrier Oxygen Vacancies to Enhance Strong Oxide‐Support Interaction in IrO2/Nb2O5‐x Catalysts for Promoting Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Yun , Guo Chuanming , Yao Rui , Zhang Kaiyang , Li Jinping , Liu Guang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the pronounced dissolution of electrocatalysts in acidic environments, the quest for effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts suitable for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers persists as a formidable challenge. In this investigation, catalysts are synthesized by creating oxygen vacancies within various metal oxides (Nb2O5‐x, Ta2O5‐x, ZrO2‐x, TiO2‐x) through plasma‐assisted method, thereby facilitating the immobilization of IrO2 onto these defect‐rich surfaces. The findings unveil that IrO2/Nb2O5‐x manifests reduced overpotentials during acidic OER, achieving an overpotential down to 225 mV@10 mA cm−2, coupled with outstanding durability at multicurrent densities exceeding 200 h, attributed to strong oxide‐support interaction (SOSI) between the IrO2 catalyst and Nb2O5‐x substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) computations uncover intensified binding affinities between IrO2 and Nb2O5‐x, thus modulating the central energy levels of Ir's d orbitals toward favorable OER conditions, consequently bolstering the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the composite catalyst. Furthermore, employing IrO2/Nb2O5‐x as a PEM electrolyzer anode enables consistent operation at 1000 mA cm−2 for 200 h, with an Ir content of only 0.2852 mg cm−2 and an energy consumption of 4.34 kWh Nm−3 H2. This achievement substantially lowers the cost of hydrogen production to US$ 0.96 per kilogram, underscoring its potential for practical applications.
Hierarchical Ceramic Nanofibrous Aerogels for Universal Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Lan Pin‐Hui , Hwang Ching‐Wen , Chen Tai‐Chi , Wang Tzu‐Wei , Chen Hsuen‐Li , Wan Dehui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar‐induced thermal challenges in buildings, cold chain logistics, and spacecrafts may be overcome by integrating passive radiative cooling (PRC) with aerogels having thermal insulation (TI). Herein, a universal radiative cooling silica aerogel (UCSA) is prepared through the simple regeneration and freeze‐drying of commercial quartz fiber membranes. The optically engineered UCSA with a hybrid structure (silica nanofibers/microbeads) achieves remarkable solar reflectance (RS.E. = 98.1%) and atmospheric transparency window emittance (εATW = 92.1%) under Earth conditions, with a theoretical daytime cooling power of 103.3 W m−2. In the harsh space environment, it exhibits ultrahigh average solar reflectance (RS.E. = 99.1%) and broadband mid‐infrared emittance (εMIR = 90%), achieving a cooling power of 354.1 W m−2. Compared to single‐functional approaches, UCSA synergistically integrates the PRC and TI performance for excellent thermal management capability. Moreover, this ceramic aerogel can resist temperatures up to 830 °C, safeguarding building occupants and spacecraft electronics. Furthermore, UCSA passes environmental aging and thermal vacuum outgassing tests for long‐term viability both on Earth and in space. Finally, a USCA‐covered box achieves an average sub‐ambient cooling of 18.6 °C when exposed to sunlight. In summary, UCSA opens a path for energy‐efficient and sustainable cooling strategy with universal applications.
Modulating Contact Electrification With Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Kinetic Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Humidity Sensing Applications
Authors: Kallupadi Vaishna Priya , Varghese Harris , Hareesh Unnikrishnan Nair Saraswathy , Chandran Achu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we present a novel method for fabricating a triboelectric nanogenerator using Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on both sides as triboelectric pairs, incorporating metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) such as ZIF‐8, ZIF‐67, MIL‐100, and HKUST‐1 during the electrospinning process. The triboelectric properties of the MOF‐incorporated fibers are thus tailored and positioned within the triboelectric series for the first time. The resulting triboelectric polarity of the composite fiber is linked to the optical bandgap energy of the PAN and the MOF/PAN composite, facilitating electron transfer between materials of different work functions and leading to enhanced output in the developed triboelectric devices. Fascinatingly, the appropriate choice of MOF filler also displayed the potential for reversing the triboelectric polarity of PAN nanofiber. Consequently, incorporating ZIF‐8 and MIL‐100 into PAN nanofibers led notably to contrasting trends in triboelectric polarity, with the pair generating an open‐circuit output voltage of 100 V, short‐circuit current of 1.35 μA, and a power density of 18.4 mW/m2 respectively. The fabricated device demonstrated effectiveness for mechanical energy harvesting applications and also as a self‐powered humidity sensor, displaying rapid response to changes in ambient humidity levels with a maximum sensitivity of 2.14 V/%RH, for relative humidity range between 50 and 90% during the humidifying cycle.
High‐Speed Flexible Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors for Self‐Powered Optical Integrated Sensing and Communications
Authors: Xia Yingjun , Zhang Jing , Guo Tingting , Wang Hui , Geng Chen , Zhu Yu , Han Ruiman , Yang Yanqing , Song Guangkun , Wan Xiangjian , Li Guanghui , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntegrated sensing and communications (ISAC) based on radio frequency (RF), merging the sensing and communication functionalities into a single platform, can effectively address the increasing demand for spectrums due to the proliferation of wireless devices. However, the ISAC commonly suffers from spectrum scarcity, high power consumption, and limited sensing capabilities. Here flexible self‐powered optical ISAC (O‐ISAC) is proposed and fabricated by preparing a high‐speed near‐infrared organic photodetector (NIR OPD) that exhibits a broad photodetection ranging from 300 to 1100 nm, specific detectivity over 1013 Jones, and −3 dB cutoff frequency over 1 MHz (λ = 1050 nm) in self‐powered mode, ranking as the fastest among self‐powered NIR OPDs in the region above 1000 nm. The device is fabricated by incorporating a narrow‐bandgap non‐fullerene acceptor BTPSV‐4Cl into the PCE‐10:BTPSV‐4F system to finely tune the film morphology and reduce trap states and energetic disorder. The semitransparent and regular NIR OPDs are integrated on one substrate to fabricate flexible O‐ISAC, realizing simultaneous accurate vital signs monitoring and high‐speed data transmission under ambient, sunlight, and NIR lighting conditions. It is envisioned that the proposed O‐ISAC will inspire a new generation of wireless technology to address RF limitations for emerging applications, such as intelligent healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and security.
An Oxidative Stress Nano‐Amplifier for Improved Tumor Elimination and Combined Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ran Yijun , Yang Mi , Hu Yaqin , Wang Zhigang , Cao Yang , Ran Haitao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmplifying oxidative stress to disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis can accelerate tumor cell death. In this work, an oxidative stress amplifier (PP@T) is prepared for enhanced tumor oxidation therapy to reduce tumor growth and metastases. The nano‐amplifier has been successfully constructed by embedding MTH1 inhibitor (TH588) in the PDA‐coated porphyrin metal–organic framework PCN‐224. The controllable‐released TH588 is demonstrated from pores can hinder MTH1‐mediated damage‐repairing process by preventing the hydrolysis of 8‐oxo‐dG, thereby amplifying oxidative stress and exacerbating the oxidative DNA damage induced by the sonodynamic therapy of PP@T under ultrasound irradiation. Furthermore, PP@T can effectively induce immunogenic cell death to trigger systemic anti‐tumor immune response. When administered in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, PP@T not only impedes the progression of the primary tumor but also achieves obvious antimetastasis in breast cancer murine models, including orthotopic and artificial whole‐body metastasis models. Furthermore, the nanoplatform also provides photoacoustic imaging for in vivo treatment guidance. In conclusion, by amplifying oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species sensitized immunotherapy, this image‐guided nanosystem shows potential for highly specific, effective combined therapy against tumor cells with negligible side‐effects to normal cells which will provide a new insight for precise tumor treatment.
On the Topotactic Phase Transition Achieving Superconducting Infinite‐Layer Nickelates
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Changjiang , Zheng Hong , Jiang Jidong Samuel , Zhu Zihua , Yan Xi , Cao Hui , Narayanachari K.V.L.V. , Paudel Binod , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Zhang Zhan , Fisher Brandon , Wang Huanhua , Karapetrova Evguenia , Sun Chengjun , Kelly Shelly , Phelan Daniel , Du Yingge , Buchholz Bruce , Mitchell J. F. , Bhattacharya Anand , Fong Dillon D. , Zhou Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTopotactic reduction is critical to a wealth of phase transitions of current interest, including synthesis of the superconducting nickelate Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2, reduced from the initial Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure. Due to the highly sensitive and often damaging nature of the topotactic reduction, however, only a handful of research groups have been able to reproduce the superconductivity results. A series of in situ synchrotron‐based investigations reveal that this is due to the necessary formation of an initial, ultrathin layer at the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 surface that helps to mediate the introduction of hydrogen into the film such that apical oxygens are first removed from the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 / SrTiO3 (001) interface and delivered into the reducing environment. This allows the square‐planar / perovskite interface to stabilize and propagate from the bottom to the top of the film without the formation of interphase defects. Importantly, neither geometric rotations in the square planar structure nor significant incorporation of hydrogen within the films is detected, obviating its need for superconductivity. These findings unveil the structural basis underlying the transformation pathway and provide important guidance on achieving the superconducting phase in reduced nickelate systems.
Stabilization of Cuδ+ Sites Within MnO2 for Superior Urea Electro‐Synthesis
Authors: Yang Yidong , Wu Guanzheng , Jiang Jiadi , Zhang Wuyong , Liu Sijia , Yu Rui , Liu Fukang , Du Aijun , Dai Lei , Mao Xin , Qin Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic C‐N coupling between NO3‐ and CO2 has emerged as a sustainable route for urea production. However, identifying catalytic active sites and designing efficient electrocatalysts remain significant challenges. Herein, the synthesis of Cu‐doped MnO2 nanotube (denoted as Cu‐MnO2) with stable Cuδ+‐oxygen vacancies (Ovs)‐Mn3+ dual sites is reported. Compared with pure MnO2, Cuδ+ doping can effectively enhance urea production performance in the co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3‐. Thus, Cu‐MnO2 catalyst exhibits a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 54.7% and the highest yield rate of 116.7 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 in a flow cell. Remarkably, the urea yield rate remains over 78 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 across a wide potential range. Further experimental and theoretical results elucidate the unique role of Cu‐MnO2 solid‐solution for stabilizing Cuδ+ sites in Cuδ+‐Ovs‐Mn3+, endowing the catalyst with superior structural and electrochemical stabilities. This thermodynamically promotes urea formation and kinetically lowers the energy barrier of C‐N coupling.
Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Trains
Authors: Tran Dana , Weidhaas Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlternative technologies to granular activated carbon (GAC) are of interest to improve the sustainability and reduce the cost of munitions wastewater treatment. Research efforts have highlighted GAC alternatives, yet few reports of environmental and economic impacts associated with these technologies are available. Herein, a life cycle assessment (LCA) aids in assessment of environmental impacts associated with six munitions wastewater treatment configurations—specifically GAC, compared to five configurations that include combinations of ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis (RO), aerobic granular reactors (AGR), UV/H2O2, and ozone technologies. The LCA compares environmental impacts generated by treating 1 m3 of munitions wastewater, impacts by life cycle stage, and effects of IX, RO, and GAC replacement frequency. Results show that IX resin pairs with AGR (for flow‐through treatment) and ozone (for IX regenerant treatment) generated 22 ± 18% less impact than GAC in nine of ten environmental impact categories during production, transportation, and disposal. Treatment trains with ozone or AGR produce 35% less environmental impact than those with UV/H2O2. Production and use stages generate more environmental impacts than transportation and disposal stages for most treatment technologies. This LCA provides insights into the sustainability of six munition wastewater treatment technologies and identifies areas where treatment sustainability can be improved.
MOF‐Derived FeCoO/N‐Doped C Bifunctional Electrode for H2 Production Through Water and Glucose Electrolysis
Authors: Tayebi Meysam , Masoumi Zohreh , Lee Hyungwoo , Hong Daehyeon , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choong‐Sun , Kyung Daeseung , Kim Hyeon‐Gook 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) is a potential alternative to water oxidation because of its relatively low thermodynamic potential and the high availability of glucose. Herein, a FeCoO/N‐doped C electrode derived from metal–organic framework (MOF) materials is applied, which is synthesized in several steps through the controlled deposition of Fe–Co oxide nanocatalysts onto Co –N‐doped C nanofibers on a Ni foam substrate and demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic activity for both the GOR and overall water splitting. Here, a bifunctional electrocatalyst derived from MOF, FeCoO/N‐doped C is reported, for glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The MOF‐derived FeCoO/N‐doped C (+/‐) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst exhibits a cell voltage of 1.4 V for the GOR&HER, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is 280 mV lower than that for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)&HER (1.68 V). This study reveals that GOR is an energy‐efficient and affordable source of H2 and value‐added chemicals.