bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic Tundra Plant Dieback Can Alter Surface N2O Fluxes and Interact With Summer Warming to Increase Soil Nitrogen Retention
Authors: Xu Wenyi , Elberling Bo , Li Dan , Ambus Per Lennart 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the arctic tundra has been subject to more frequent stochastic biotic or extreme weather events (causing plant dieback) and warmer summer air temperatures. However, the combined effects of these perturbations on the tundra ecosystem remain uninvestigated. We experimentally simulated plant dieback by cutting vegetation and increased summer air temperatures (ca. +2°C) by using open‐top chambers (OTCs) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We quantified surface greenhouse gas fluxes, measured soil gross N transformation rates, and investigated all ecosystem compartments (plants, soils, microbial biomass) to utilize or retain nitrogen (N) upon application of stable N‐15 isotope tracer. Measurements from three growing seasons showed an immediate increase in surface CH4 and N2O uptake after the plant dieback. With time, surface N2O fluxes alternated between emission and uptake, and rates in both directions were occasionally affected, which was primarily driven by soil temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Four years after plant dieback, deciduous shrubs recovered their biomass but retained significantly lower amounts of 15N, suggesting the reduced capacity of deciduous shrubs to utilize and retain N. Among four plant functional groups, summer warming only increased the biomass of deciduous shrubs and their 15N retention, while following plant dieback deciduous shrubs showed no response to warming. This suggests that deciduous shrubs may not always benefit from climate warming over other functional groups when considering plant dieback events. Soil gross N mineralization (~ −50%) and nitrification rates (~ −70%) significantly decreased under both ambient and warmed conditions, while only under warmed conditions immobilization of NO3− significantly increased (~ +1900%). This explains that plant dieback enhanced N retention in microbial biomass and thus bulk soils under warmed conditions. This study underscores the need to consider plant dieback events alongside summer warming to better predict future ecosystem‐climate feedback.
When the Going Gets Tough, the Females Get Going: Sex‐Specific Physiological Responses to Simultaneous Exposure to Hypoxia and Marine Heatwave Events in a Ubiquitous Copepod
Authors: Vermandele Fanny , Sasaki Matthew , Winkler Gesche , Dam Hans G. , Madeira Diana , Calosi Piero 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe existence of sex‐specific differences in phenotypic traits is widely recognized. Yet they are often ignored in studies looking at the impact of global changes on marine organisms, particularly within the context of combined drivers that are known to elicit complex interactions. We tested sex‐specific physiological responses of the cosmopolitan and ecologically important marine copepod Acartia tonsa exposed to combined hypoxia and marine heatwave (MHW) conditions, both of which individually strongly affect marine ectotherms. Females and males were acutely exposed for 5 days to a combination of either control (18°C) or a high temperature mimicking a MHW (25°C), and normoxia (100% O2 sat.) or mild hypoxia (35% O2 sat.). Life‐history traits, as well as sex‐specific survival and physiological traits, were measured. Females had overall higher thermal tolerance levels and responded differently than males when exposed to the combined global change drivers investigated. Females also showed lower metabolic thermal sensitivity when compared to males. Additionally, the MHW exerted a dominant effect on the traits investigated, causing a lower survival and higher metabolic rate at 25°C. However, egg production rates appeared unaffected by hypoxia and MHW conditions. Our results showed that MHWs could strongly affect copepods' survival, that combined exposure to hypoxia and MHW exerted an interactive effect only on CTmax, and that sex‐specific vulnerability to these global change drivers could have major implications for population dynamics. Our results highlight the importance of considering the differences in the responses of females and males to rapid environmental changes to improve the implementation of climate‐smart conservation approaches.
Prior central venous catheter placement and age are associated with earlier intervention after permanent hemodialysis access creation
Authors: Talebi Ramtin , Talebi Ramin , Chen Joshua , Yang Angela , Patil Sanath , DiMuzio Paul J. , Abai Babak , Salvatore Dawn M. , Nooromid Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and grafts are essential for long‐term hemodialysis access in patients with end‐stage renal disease. However, complications and access failure often necessitate re‐intervention. In this study, we aim to delineate the factors associated with earlier failure of permanent hemodialysis access warranting revision procedures.MethodsThis retrospective study aimed to identify factors associated with increased revision rates in AVFs and arteriovenous grafts, using multivariate survival analysis. A cohort of 136 patients who underwent initial arteriovenous access creation between 2005 and 2022 was analyzed. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, access type, and vascular anatomy, were extracted, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated to identify independent predictors of needing revision.FindingsA total of 119 patients were included in the final cohort, with a mean age of 55.2 years. Over 40% of patients had a previous central venous catheter placement, while 15% had a previous AVF. The majority of procedures were performed on the left side (74%), and brachiocephalic fistulas were most commonly created (41%). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that age (adjusted HR = 1.02, p = 0.01) and prior central venous catheter placement (adjusted HR = 1.77, p = 0.01) were independent predictors of earlier revision, while other variables such as sex, hypertension, and diabetes did not show significant associations. Patients with prior central venous catheter placement had a 77% increased risk of revision, even when adjusted for confounders.DiscussionUnderstanding predictors of successful long‐term access outcomes can guide decision‐making regarding access type and alternative strategies. In our cohort, increased age and prior central venous catheter placement are associated with a shorter time to failure of permanent hemodialysis access and an increased risk of needing revision.
Trade and inequality in an overlapping generations model with capital accumulation
Authors: Nie Jun , Ravikumar B. , Sposi Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the lifecycle aspect of within‐country inequality that stems from capital and labor services supplied by individuals. Our environment is a combination of a multicountry trade model and an overlapping generations model with production and capital accumulation. Trade liberalization increases the measured total factor productivity in each country, which increases the marginal product of capital and incentivizes capital accumulation. Higher capital stock and higher measured productivity raise the marginal product of labor and, hence, wages. Inequality, measured by the ratio of old agents' income to young agents' income, evolves over time due to capital accumulation during the transition from autarky to an open‐economy world. Immediately after liberalization, inequality increases. Over time, capital accumulates at a diminishing rate and inequality declines.
Comparing methods of measuring interest fit: A large prediction study with career choice satisfaction
Authors: Granillo‐Velasquez Kenneth E. , Hoff Kevin A. , Hanna Alexis , Oswald Frederick L. , Morris Michael L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVocational interest inventories are widely used in both research and practice to help match people to well‐fitting work environments. However, because there are many different methods to operationalize interest fit, a debate remains regarding the best ways to do so. To empirically inform this debate, our study compared the predictive power of four widely used interest fit indices (i.e., matching scale scores, profile deviance scores, profile correlations, and polynomial regression scores) for predicting career choice satisfaction. Using a large and diverse U.S. sample (N = 257,320), results indicated that among the three single‐term interest fit measures, profile correlations (R2 = .04) explained more variance in career choice satisfaction than matching scale scores (R2 = .02) and profile deviance scores (R2 = .00). By comparison, the full 30‐term polynomial regression model explained the most variance in career choice satisfaction (R2 = .09); in this case, however, the nonlinear terms that capture fit effects only accounted for about 22% (R2 = .02) of the total variance explained by the model. Overall, these results indicate that researchers and practitioners should be cautious of the greater criterion‐related validity of polynomial regression models as fit information may not be a substantial contributor to their predictive capacities. In addition, our findings support the use of profile correlations as a predictive, single‐term measure of interest fit.
The quest for the best target genes for RNAi‐mediated pest control
Authors: Cedden Doga , Bucher Gregor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an eco‐friendly alternative to classic pesticides for pest control. This review highlights the importance of identifying the best target genes for RNAi‐mediated pest control. We argue that the knowledge‐based approach to predicting effective targets is limited by our current gaps of knowledge, making unbiased screening a superior method for discovering the best target processes and genes. We emphasize the recent evidence that suggests targeting conserved basic cellular processes, such as protein degradation and translation, is more effective than targeting the classic pesticide target processes. We support these claims by comparing the efficacy of previously reported RNAi target genes and classic insecticide targets with data from our genome‐wide RNAi screen in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Finally, we provide practical advice for identifying excellent target genes in other pests, where large‐scale RNAi screenings are typically challenging.
Detection of H1N1 Influenza Virus in the Bile of a Severe Influenza Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yan , Xu Jiuyang , Wei Cheng , Xu Yitian , Lyu Chen , Sun Mingzhi , Zheng Ying , Cao Bin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsInfluenza virus infection may lead to fatal complications including multi‐organ failure and sepsis. The influenza virus was detected in various extra‐pulmonary organs in autopsy studies during the 2009 pandemic. However, limited research has been conducted on the presence of viral particle or viral components in the peripheral blood.Methods and ResultsWe established a mouse model for severe H1N1 influenza. The bile and blood samples were collected over time and inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. We detected live influenza virus in bile and blood samples in early infection. Immunofluorescence showed influenza viral components in the liver tissue. No live virus was isolated in the bile in mice intragastrically administered with influenza virus, indicating that the virus was spread from the blood stream. Targeted metabolomics analysis of bile acid and liver tissues showed that a secondary bile acid (3‐dehydrocholic acid) was decreased after influenza H1N1 infection. Genes related with fatty acid metabolism and bile secretion pathways were down‐regulated in liver after influenza virus infection.ConclusionOur study indicated that influenza virus viremia is present in severe influenza, and that the liver is a target organ for influenza viral sepsis.
Multiple Views on Return Migration to Northern Syria
Authors: Idlebi Rafif , Omaish Abdullah Hanadi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMedia, humanitarian organisations and host governments have increasingly talked about returning refugees affected by a more than a decade‐long conflict in Syria. However, the northern Syria region does not offer adequate living conditions for return; this region is currently unfit for settlement, and it is impossible to attract Syrians to return to it, regardless of the lack of security and the political issues that many scholars have discussed. This study was conducted in early 2023 in two regions including four areas in northern Syria (Jarabulus, Azaz, Al‐Bab and Afrin) and three provinces in Türkiye (Istanbul, Gaziantep and Mersin). We compare the opinions of Syrian refugees in Türkiye and Syrians who had been internally displaced and who resettled in the northern region. The purpose of the comparison is to understand the views of both Syrians in Türkiye and in northern Syria regarding whether the region is attractive to them or not. However, the results confirm that people are not willing to return, as the push factors overcome the pull factors. The data collection among Türkiye‐based Syrians and northern Syria's residents enabled us to work with different opinion‐making processes: The assessment of today's Syrian services results from the direct witness of current dwellers and the views of Türkiye‐based refugees. Through a large‐scale survey, our study aims to identify the push factors that induce refugees to discount the possibility of returning to the northern Syrian region, including the lack of job opportunities and basic services such as potable water, electricity, fuel, Internet, adequate education and healthcare.
Sharing Space and Time in Participatory Artistic Practice
Authors: Hoekstra Marike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGastatelier de Vindplaats is an informal shared art studio in a school building in Amsterdam. Children can join—free of charge—in their own neighbourhood, there is room for everybody to be engaged on their own terms as often as they like, and most materials consist of recycled goods. Gastatelier also aims to be a participatory practice because of the way it engages in school routines, family relations and neighbourhood activities. It is, lastly but distinctively, an artistic residency where artists are allowed time and space to become engaged in a specific social context. After the first year of pioneering, space and time have become essential to understand the methodology of the studio. Artists for example are allowed to spend as much time in the studio as they like, according to the European Unions guideline for artist's residencies, but children's time in the studio remains limited to a weekly hour and a half. The question arises how the role of this unevenly distributed time affects the children's agency of the studio.
Feasibility, Experiences and Short‐Term Outcomes on Challenging Behaviour and Well‐Being of a Partially Online Music Intervention Pilot Study for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Smeets Gerianne J. J. , Volkers Karin M. , Swart Eline A. K. , Moonen Xavier M. H. , Scherder Erik J. A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic we implemented a partially online music intervention to examine the feasibility, experiences and short‐term outcomes on the challenging behaviour and well‐being of adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodThis mixed‐methods study included 10 participants with mild or moderate intellectual disabilities who received 16 one‐hour individual music sessions in 10 weeks, either face‐to‐face or online. Data on feasibility and experiences from participants and music workers were collected and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Challenging behaviour and well‐being were measured before and after intervention.ResultsOverall experiences were positive and concerned appreciation, positive feelings, musical abilities, attention span, relatedness and personalisation. Online experiences varied, but most participants preferred face‐to‐face over online sessions. After the intervention, challenging behaviour scores were better than before.ConclusionsEngaging in a partially online music intervention is feasible for people with intellectual disabilities and seems to improve challenging behaviour. Experiences are discussed and recommendations for future online sessions are provided.
Sex‐ and age‐dependent impacts of nicotine and ethanol binge drinking on the brain: Insights from preclinical research
Authors: Farias Cardozo Stella J. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Anversa Roberta Goncalves 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic cigarette use among adolescents is a growing concern, not only due to the high incidence of co‐use with other substances, such as alcohol, but also due to the fact brain is still maturing during this period. Combined exposure to alcohol and nicotine leads to plastic adaptation of crucial circuits in the brain, which can contribute to the development of addiction. It is well established that nicotine exposure can facilitate alcohol binge drinking, and vice‐versa, in a sex‐, age‐ and exposure‐dependent manner. Nonetheless, the central mechanisms underlying the synergistic relationship between these two substances and the emergence of differential behavioural traits dependent on these factors remain underexplored. Preclinical studies continue to provide valuable insights into such mechanisms. Here, we discuss recent preclinical findings that report behavioural changes characteristic of addiction following nicotine consumption, primarily in models of vaping and alcohol use; and insights into the neural mechanisms impacted by intake of these two substances, with a focus on the adolescent brain.image
Zinc signaling controls astrocyte‐dependent synapse modulation via the PAF receptor pathway
Authors: Stanton Janelle E. , Hans Sakshi , Zabetakis Ioannis , Grabrucker Andreas M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAstrocytes are important regulators of neuronal development and activity. Their activation plays a key role in the response to many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. However, reactive astrocytes are a double‐edged sword as their chronic or excessive activation may negatively impact CNS physiology, for example, via abnormal modulation of synaptogenesis and synapse function. Accordingly, astrocyte activation has been linked to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, the attenuation of astrocyte activation may be an important approach for preventing and treating these disorders. Since zinc deficiency has been consistently linked to increased pro‐inflammatory signaling, we aimed to identify cellular zinc‐dependent signaling pathways that may lead to astrocyte activation using techniques such as immunocytochemistry and protein biochemistry to detect astrocyte GFAP expression, fluorescent imaging to detect oxidative stress levels in activated astrocytes, cytokine profiling, and analysis of primary neurons subjected to astrocyte secretomes. Our results reveal a so far not well‐described pathway in astrocytes, the platelet activation factor receptor (PAFR) pathway, as a critical zinc‐dependent signaling pathway that is sufficient to control astrocyte reactivity. Low zinc levels activate PAFR signaling‐driven crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons, which alters excitatory synapse formation during development in a PAFR‐dependent manner. We conclude that zinc is a crucial signaling ion involved in astrocyte activation and an important dietary factor that controls astrocytic pro‐inflammatory processes. Thus, targeting zinc homeostasis may be an important approach in several neuroinflammatory conditions.image
The Effect of Heart Failure Symptom Clusters on Quality of Life: The Moderating Effect of Self‐Care Behaviours
Authors: Yao Qian , Luo Jian , Song Baomei , Yang Jin , Yuan Xiaorong , Li Xiuchuan , Tian Wei , Wang Tianyi , Zhu Bin , Yang Zheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough heart failure (HF) symptoms affect patients' quality of life (QoL), improving patients' QoL requires certain self‐care behaviours. However, the specific role of self‐care behaviours in the relationship between HF symptoms and QoL has not been clarified.AimsTo evaluate the status of symptom clusters, self‐care behaviours and QoL in HF patients, and to analyse and test the moderating effect of self‐care behaviours between symptom clusters and QoL.DesignThis study is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 320 HF patients who treated in the three hospitals in Chengdu, China, from December 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were evaluated using The General Information Questionnaire, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Heart Failure, Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. The statistical analysis methods were exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis and simple slope analysis.ResultsThere were five symptom clusters in HF patients: emotional symptom cluster (sadness, anxiety, irritability, feeling nervous), digestive symptom cluster (lack of appetite, dry mouth, weight loss, nausea, abdominal distension), ischemic symptom cluster (dizziness, chest pain, palpitations, fatigue), dyspnoea symptom cluster (difficulty breathing when lying flat, waking up breathless at night, sleep difficulty) and congestion symptom cluster (cough, shortness of breath, oedema). There was a significant correlation between HF symptom group, self‐care behaviours and QoL (p < 0.05). Both self‐care maintenance (β = −0.262, p < 0.001) and self‐care management (β = −0.258, p < 0.001) had a moderating effect between symptom clusters and QoL.ConclusionThere are a variety of symptom clusters in HF patients. Improving the self‐care behaviours ability of HF patients is conducive to reducing the impact of HF symptom clusters on QoL.Reporting MethodThe study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMedical staff should focus on the impact of HF symptom clusters and self‐care behaviours on QoL, and formulate corresponding interventions for HF symptom clusters and self‐care behaviours to improve the QoL of patients.Patient or Public ContributionThe head nurse of the cardiovascular department actively assisted us in collecting questionnaires from HF patients, and all HF patients surveyed participated in this study seriously.
Parental Gender Stereotypes and Student Well‐Being in China
Authors: Chu Shuai , Zeng Xiangquan , Zimmermann Klaus F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA prominent gender stereotype claims that “boys are better at learning mathematics than girls.” Confronted with such a parental attitude, how does this affect the well‐being of 11‐ to 18‐year‐old students in Chinese middle schools? Although well‐being has often been shown to be not much gender‐diverse, the intergenerational consequences of such stereotypes are not well studied. Expecting too much from boys and too little from girls might damage self‐esteem among school kids. Using large survey data covering districts all over China reveals that one‐quarter of the parents agree with the math stereotype. It is shown that this has strong detrimental consequences for the offspring's well‐being. Students are strongly more depressed, feeling blue, unhappy, not enjoying life, and sad with no male–female differences, whereas parental education does not matter for this transfer. Various robustness tests including other than math stereotypes and an IV analysis confirm the findings. Moderating such effects, which is in line with societal objectives in many countries, not only supports gender equality but also strengthens the mental health of children.