bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting the Flow: Water Science and State Hydrography in the Po Watershed, 1872-1917
Authors: Parrinello Giacomo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Environmental history literature has acknowledged the role of hydrological knowledge in remaking rivers and water systems. The production of such knowledge, however, has thus far remained in the shadows, along with the human-environment interplay that underpins it. This paper brings these aspects into focus by combining the perspective, methods and questions of environmental history with insights from the history and geography of science. It analyses in particular the environmental history of Po River hydrography, from mid-nineteenth century experiments to the inception of a state hydrological service for the Po River basin after World War I. The paper argues that environmental forces and features of the Po watershed shaped the scientific enterprise of hydrological knowledge production, by stimulating its undertaking and influencing its outcome. From initial experimental measurements of discharge to responding to pressing concerns about flood protection, hydrography evolved into constant basin-wide monitoring to overcome the river system's resistance to prediction. The versatile hydrological knowledge produced via watershed monitoring would prove the key to all kinds of water uses and management projects, making hydrography a crucial articulation of state administrative rule over water resource development in the Po Valley. This paper, therefore, contributes to an environmental history of modern water science and the state, while writing an important chapter on the environmental history of the Po River basin. Furthermore, it highlights the value of exploring the environmental dimensions of scientific knowledge production as a way to better grasp its implications for environmental change and governance.
Possibilities of gas-phase synthesis of diamond structures from mixtures of hydrogen and hydrocarbons
Authors: Rebrov A K 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
To date, there is no universally recognized notion of diamond structure formation from the gas phase. The set of fragments determining this process differs for different methods of activation. Information on elementary processes of the interaction of hydrogen and hydrocarbon molecules with a surface for activation and deposition can be found in the literature, but it is scarce. Scientific problems of thermal activation relate not only to carbon structure synthesis; the description of non-equilibrium processes in channel flows with heterogeneous chemical reactions has unquestionable importance. In this review, the modern state of studies on the interaction of hydrogen and methane molecules and their fragments with high-temperature tungsten surfaces and diamond surfaces at temperatures close to 1300 K is considered, and accessible results are presented.
A New Test of Lorentz Invariance Violation: The Spectral Lag Transition of GRB 160625B
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Zhang Bin-Bin , Shao Lang , Wu Xue-Feng , Mészáros Peter 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Possible violations of Lorentz invariance (LIV) have been investigated for a long time using the observed spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, these generally have relied on using a single photon in the highest energy range. Furthermore, the search for LIV lags has been hindered by our ignorance concerning the intrinsic time lag in different energy bands. GRB 160625B, the only burst so far with a well-defined transition from positive lags to negative lags provides a unique opportunity to put new constraints on LIV. Using multi-photon energy bands we consider the contributions to the observed spectral lag from both the intrinsic time lag and the lag by LIV effects, and assuming the intrinsic time lag to have a positive dependence on the photon energy, we obtain robust limits on LIV by directly fitting the spectral lag data of GRB 160625B. Here we show that these robust limits on the quantum gravity energy scales are

E

QG
,
1

≥
0.5
×

10

16

GeV for the linear, and

E

QG
,
2

≥
1.4
×

10

7

GeV for the quadratic LIV effects, respectively. In addition, we give, for the first time, a reasonable formulation of the intrinsic energy-dependent time lag.
Stellar Cluster Candidates Discovered in the Magellanic System
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We address the currently exciting issue of the presence of stellar clusters in the periphery of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) and beyond by making use of a wealth of wide-field high-quality images released in advance from the Magellanic Stellar Hystory (SMASH) survey. We conducted a sound search for new stellar cluster candidates from suitable kernel density estimators running for appropriate ranges of radii and stellar densities. In addition, we used a functional relationship to account for the completeness of the SMASH field sample analyzed that takes into account not only the number of fields used but also their particular spatial distribution; the present sample statistically represents ∼50% of the whole SMASH survey. The relative small number of new stellar cluster candidates identified, most of them distributed in the outer regions of the MCs, might suggest that the lack of detection of a larger number of new cluster candidates beyond the main bodies of the MCs could likely be the outcome once the survey is completed.
Mode Conversion of a Solar Extreme-ultraviolet Wave over a Coronal Cavity
Authors: Zong Weiguo , Dai Yu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report on observations of an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave event in the Sun on 2011 January 13 by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory and Solar Dynamics Observatory in quadrature. Both the trailing edge and the leading edge of the EUV wave front in the north direction are reliably traced, revealing generally compatible propagation velocities in both perspectives and a velocity ratio of about 1/3. When the wave front encounters a coronal cavity near the northern polar coronal hole, the trailing edge of the front stops while its leading edge just shows a small gap and extends over the cavity, meanwhile getting significantly decelerated but intensified. We propose that the trailing edge and the leading edge of the northward propagating wave front correspond to a non-wave coronal mass ejection component and a fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic wave component, respectively. The interaction of the fast-mode wave and the coronal cavity may involve a mode conversion process, through which part of the fast-mode wave is converted to a slow-mode wave that is trapped along the magnetic field lines. This scenario can reasonably account for the unusual behavior of the wave front over the coronal cavity.
Building a database for long-term monitoring of benthic macrofauna in the Pertuis-Charentais (2004-2014)
Authors: Philippe Anne , Plumejeaud-Perreau Christine , Jourde Jérôme , Pineau Philippe , Lachaussée Nicolas , Joyeux Emmanuel , Corre Frédéric , Delaporte Philippe , Bocher Pierrick 
Published: January 2017

Long-term benthic monitoring is rewarding in terms of science, but labour-intensive, whether in the field, the laboratory, or behind the computer. Building and managing databases require multiple skills, including consistency over time as well as organisation via a systematic approach. Here, we introduce and share our spatially explicit benthic database, comprising 11 years of benthic data. It is the result of intensive benthic sampling that has been conducted on a regular grid (259 stations) covering the intertidal mudflats of the Pertuis-Charentais (Marennes-Oléron Bay and Aiguillon Bay). Samples were taken by foot or by boats during winter depending on tidal height, from December 2003 to February 2014. The present dataset includes abundances and biomass densities of all mollusc species of the study regions and principal polychaetes as well as their length, accessibility to shorebirds, energy content and shell mass when appropriate and available. This database has supported many studies dealing with the spatial distribution of benthic invertebrates and temporal variations in food resources for shorebird species as well as latitudinal comparisons with other databases. In this paper, we introduce our benthos monitoring, share our data, and present a "guide of good practices" for building, cleaning and using it efficiently, providing examples of results with associated R code.
The dataset has been formatted into a geo-referenced relational database, using PostgreSQL open-source DBMS. We provide density information, measurements, energy content and accessibility of thirteen bivalve, nine gastropod and two polychaete taxa (a total of 66,620 individuals)​ for 11 consecutive winters. Figures and maps are provided to describe how the dataset was built, cleaned, and how it can be used. This dataset can again support studies concerning spatial and temporal variations in species abundance, interspecific interactions as well as evaluations of the availability of food resources for small- and medium size shorebirds and, potentially, conservation and impact assessment studies.
La laborieuse gestation d’une loi paradoxale
Authors: Favereau Éric 
Published: January 2017

La loi santé fut le texte de loi le plus marquant du « quinquennat » de Marisol Touraine. D’une certaine façon, cette loi, tant dans sa conception que dans son adoption, ressemble à la ministre. Projet un brin fourre-tout, mal préparé, mélangeant aussi bien la réorganisation du paysage sanitaire que des mesures financières comme la généralisation du tiers payant, mais aussi des éléments importants de santé publique, il a au final cristallisé une kyrielle de mécontentements et de malentendus, soulignant la rupture entre les professionnels de santé et le gouvernement.
Effects of Drought on Western Pond Turtle Survival and Movement Patterns
Authors: Purcell Kathryn L. , McGregor Eric L. , Calderala Kathryn 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Drought has the ability to affect the persistence of small animal populations, especially those tied to aquatic habitats. We studied the response of western pond turtles Actinemys marmorata to California's worst drought on record. From 2009 through 2015 we used telemetry to track movements and assess survival of 19 western pond turtles in a stock pond at the San Joaquin Experimental Range in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, in Madera County, California. In 2013 the pond dried in late summer and winter rains were insufficient for pond formation. The pond remained dry through the end of the study in March 2015. In years with below average precipitation the pond often dried completely in late summer; however, the lack of a pond forming in winter and spring had not been previously documented. We observed no mortalities of radiotagged western pond turtles in years with normal precipitation. All observed mortalities occurred in drought years and in years when the pond completely dried up in the summer or never formed. Results from known-fate survival models revealed that survival decreased with increasing drought. Model results also indicated that male survival was slightly higher than female survival (19.1% vs. 11.5%), although the 95% confidence intervals overlapped. We observed high variability in western pond turtle movement distances from the pond in the final 2 y of the study. Two individuals that survived to the end of the study showed unique movement patterns. One young male moved frequently, accumulating a large total distance, moved into new areas, and eventually found his way into a livestock water trough. The other, a young female, moved 2.6 km from the pond (a minimum total distance traveled of 3.3 km based on telemetry locations) and emigrated to a pond on a neighboring ranch. Turtles that died exhibited no distinctive behaviors. After the pond dried western pond turtles remained terrestrial for long periods, with one surviving individual remaining out of water for 617 consecutive days, which is an unprecedented finding for this species to our knowledge. Our findings suggest that increased frequency and severity of droughts can affect the resiliency of small, isolated western pond turtle populations, especially those in ephemeral aquatic environments. These small populations are essential to the long-term survival of the species because of the current fragmented distribution of the species.
Different Lymphocyte Populations Direct Dichotomous Eosinophil or Neutrophil Responses to Pulmonary Cryptococcus Infection
Authors: Wiesner Darin L. , Smith Kyle D. , Kashem Sakeen W. , Bohjanen Paul R. , Nielsen Kirsten 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Many pulmonary infections elicit lymphocyte responses that lead to an accumulation of granulocytes in the lungs. A variety of lymphocytes are capable of directing eosinophils or neutrophils to the lungs, but the contribution of each subset remains enigmatic. In this study, we used a murine model to examine lymphocyte subsets that ultimately drive the eosinophil or neutrophil response to infection with the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. We show that granulocytes are produced in the bone marrow, released into the blood stream, and accumulate in the lungs under the instruction of lung parenchymal lymphocytes. The eosinophils that populated the lungs of wild-type animals were highly dependent on Th cells or IL-5. Surprisingly, infected mice with Th cell impairment experienced a compensatory neutrophil response that required IL-17A. This unexpected swing in the response prompted us to investigate the ability of different lymphocyte subsets to produce this dichotomous eosinophilia or neutrophilia. We used mice with lymphocyte deficiencies to determine which of the remaining IL-5– or IL-17A–producing lymphocyte subsets dominated the neutrophil or eosinophil response. Finally, skewing the response toward neutrophil-inducing lymphocytes correlated with accelerated disease. Our data collectively demonstrate that the predominance of a lymphocyte subset determines the functional consequences of an immune response to pulmonary fungal infection that can ultimately affect disease.
A New RNA-Based Adjuvant Enhances Virus-Specific Vaccine Responses by Locally Triggering TLR- and RLH-Dependent Effects
Authors: Ziegler Annett , Soldner Claudia , Lienenklaus Stefan , Spanier Julia , Trittel Stephanie , Riese Peggy , Kramps Thomas , Weiss Siegfried , Heidenreich Regina , Jasny Edith , Guzmán Carlos A. , Kallen Karl-Josef , Fotin-Mleczek Mariola , Kalinke Ulrich 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Among innovative adjuvants conferring a Th1-shift, RNAdjuvant is a promising candidate. This adjuvant consists of a 547-nt uncapped noncoding ssRNA containing polyU repeats that is stabilized by a cationic carrier peptide. Whereas vaccination of mice with an influenza subunit vaccine induced moderate virus-specific IgG1, vaccination together with RNAdjuvant significantly enhanced this IgG1 and additionally promoted the formation of IgG2b/c, which is indicative of Th1 responses. Furthermore, such sera neutralized influenza virus, whereas this effect was not detected upon vaccination with the subunit vaccine alone. Similarly, upon vaccination with virus-like particles displaying vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, RNAdjuvant promoted the formation of virus-specific IgG2b/c and enhanced neutralizing IgG responses to an extent that mice were protected against lethal virus infection. RNAdjuvant induced dendritic cells to upregulate activation markers and produce IFN-I. Although these effects were strictly TLR7 dependent, RNAdjuvant-mediated augmentation of vaccine responses needed concurrent TLR and RIG-I–like helicase signaling. This was indicated by the absence of the adjuvant effect in vaccinated MyD88−/−Cardif−/− mice, which are devoid of TLR (with the exception of TLR3) and RIG-I–like helicase signaling, whereas in vaccinated MyD88−/− mice the adjuvant effect was reduced. Notably, i.m. RNAdjuvant injection induced local IFN-I responses and did not induce systemic effects, implying good tolerability and a favorable safety profile for RNAdjuvant.
Notch Ligand Delta-like 4 Promotes Regulatory T Cell Identity in Pulmonary Viral Infection
Authors: Ting Hung-An , Schaller Matthew A. , de Almeida Nagata Denise E. , Rasky Andrew J. , Maillard Ivan P. , Lukacs Nicholas W. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells establish tolerance, prevent inflammation at mucosal surfaces, and regulate immunopathology during infectious responses. Recent studies have shown that Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) was upregulated on APC after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and its inhibition leads to exaggerated immunopathology. In the present study, we outline the role of Dll4 in Treg cell differentiation, stability, and function in RSV infection. We found that Dll4 was expressed on CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells in the lung and draining lymph nodes in wild-type BALB/c mice after RSV infection. Dll4 neutralization exacerbated RSV-induced disease pathology, mucus production, group 2 innate lymphoid cell infiltration, IL-5 and IL-13 production, as well as IL-17A+ CD4 T cells. Dll4 inhibition decreased the abundance of CD62LhiCD44loFoxp3+ central Treg cells in draining lymph nodes. The RSV-induced disease was accompanied by an increase in Th17-like effector phenotype in Foxp3+ Treg cells and a decrease in granzyme B expression after Dll4 blockade. Finally, Dll4-exposed induced Treg cells maintained the CD62LhiCD44lo central Treg cell phenotype, had increased Foxp3 expression, became more suppressive, and were resistant to Th17 skewing in vitro. These results suggest that Dll4 activation during differentiation sustained Treg cell phenotype and function to control RSV infection.
The G4Foam Experiment: global climate impacts of regional ocean albedo modification
Authors: Gabriel Corey J. , Robock Alan , Xia Lili , Zambri Brian , Kravitz Ben 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Reducing insolation has been proposed as a geoengineering response to global warming. Here we present the results of climate model simulations of a unique Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project Testbed experiment to investigate the benefits and risks of a scheme that would brighten certain oceanic regions. The National Center for Atmospheric Research CESM CAM4-Chem global climate model was modified to simulate a scheme in which the albedo of the ocean surface is increased over the subtropical ocean gyres in the Southern Hemisphere. In theory, this could be accomplished using a stable, nondispersive foam, comprised of tiny, highly reflective microbubbles. Such a foam has been developed under idealized conditions, although deployment at a large scale is presently infeasible. We conducted three ensemble members of a simulation (G4Foam) from 2020 through to 2069 in which the albedo of the ocean surface is set to 0.15 (an increase of 150 %) over the three subtropical ocean gyres in the Southern Hemisphere, against a background of the RCP6.0 (representative concentration pathway resulting in +6 W m−2 radiative forcing by 2100) scenario. After 2069, geoengineering is ceased, and the simulation is run for an additional 20 years. Global mean surface temperature in G4Foam is 0.6 K lower than RCP6.0, with statistically significant cooling relative to RCP6.0 south of 30° N. There is an increase in rainfall over land, most pronouncedly in the tropics during the June–July–August season, relative to both G4SSA (specified stratospheric aerosols) and RCP6.0. Heavily populated and highly cultivated regions throughout the tropics, including the Sahel, southern Asia, the Maritime Continent, Central America, and much of the Amazon experience a statistically significant increase in precipitation minus evaporation. The temperature response to the relatively modest global average forcing of −1.5 W m−2 is amplified through a series of positive cloud feedbacks, in which more shortwave radiation is reflected. The precipitation response is primarily the result of the intensification of the southern Hadley cell, as its mean position migrates northward and away from the Equator in response to the asymmetric cooling.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8, No. 4
Authors: John Albert 
Published: January 2017

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 4 Abdul Rouf DarAdel F. ShoukryAhmet Ozan GezermanAmer A. TaqaAna SilvaAyodele Temidayo OdularuGreg PetersJalal IsaadK. Ishara SilvaKonstantinos KasiotisLalith P. SamankumaraLeiming WangNejib Hussein MekniOng Siew TengR. K. DeyRabia RehmanSeverine QueyroySitaram AcharyaSitaram BhavarajuSujan Kumar Sarkar Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education
La vivencia del cuerpo por parte del enfermo terminal: una perspectiva fenomenológica
Authors: Otero Ordóñez Abel 
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo analiza, tomando como referencia la fenomenología, la vivencia y la percepción del cuerpo en la coyuntura de la enfermedad terminal. En dicha situación, el ser humano contempla y vive su cuerpo de una forma diferente a como lo hace en la cotidianidad, cobrando así la corporeidad enferma un nuevo significado para el sujeto.
Cuerpo y memoria:el ser físico ante la experiencia atroz
Authors: Saravia Méndez Gregorio 
Published: January 2017

<p>El objeto de este trabajo es intentar poner de relieve la naturaleza epistémica, si es que cabe reconocerle alguna, de la experiencia atroz de la tortura y destacar el papel que jugaría el cuerpo de la víctima en la conformación de la memoria. En relación con la primera cuestión, se puede oír hablar a las víctimas de una experiencia de daño y que ello provoque en el oyente -o en el lector- emoción y compasión, pero que allí no pueda extraerse ningún tipo de enseñanza o conocimiento. Sobre la segunda cuestión, está el testimonio y está el silencio. Ambos pueden llegar a conmovernos, pero se verán siempre rodeados de significados ocultos. </p>
Escrito sobre la piel. La memoria tatuada en la obra autobiográfica de Naomi Kawase
Authors: Caplliure Johanna 
Published: January 2017

<p>La autobiografía es escritura de la historia de las vidas y esta solo puede ser relatada con el cuerpo. Por eso, el lugar de la ficción, de la historia y de la memoria nos acerca a un conocimiento diverso. Tomaremos la historia de la directora japonesa Naomi Kawase como estudio sobre la escritura autobiográfica en el cuerpo. En el film <em>Kya Ka Ra Ba A </em>(2001) Kawase decide tatuarse el mismo dibujo que su padre. Ella nunca le conoció. Por esa razón, intenta construir una memoria afectiva a través de contarse su propia historia en el cine. La tinta del relato es la tinta del tatuaje.</p>
El Carnaval de los cuerpos. El desafío simbólico y político del trans-vestismo
Authors: Pisano Libera 
Published: January 2017

<p>Esta contribución investiga el travestismo, entendido como una constante cultural y como un desafío simbólico y político a las indentidad del género. A partir de las reflexiones de Judith Butler, el travestismo será analizado de acuerdo con tres aspectos: una inversion estética, un acto performativo y una subversión semántica.</p><p>This paper discusses cross-dressing as a cross-cultural phenomenon and as a symbolic and political challenge to gender’s identity as well. Starting from Judith Butler’s works, the drag will be analyzed in accordance with three different aspects: an aesthetic inversion, a performative act and a semantic turn. </p>