bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain rehabilitation with language interpreter, a multicenter development project
Authors: Löfgren M. , Uhlin K. , Persson E. , Stålnacke B.-M. , Rivano-Fischer M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
To describe patients with persistent pain participating in multimodal rehabilitation with language interpreter (MMRI) with regard to demographic data, pain, anxiety, depression, fear of movement, health related quality of life before and after rehabilitation.

Methods
The university rehabilitation departments in Lund and Stockholm developed multimodal rehabilitation programmes for patients who cannot participate in ordinary programmes due to insufficient knowledge in Swedish. From 2014 to 2015, 50 patients participated in the MMRI. Data was collected at admission and discharge with instruments from the Swedish quality registry for pain rehabilitation. The assessments included health related quality of life (EQ5D), anxiety and depression (HADS), fear of movements (TSK), disability (PDI).

Preliminary results
Fifty patients participated in MMRI. Seventy-eight percent were women, and 88% were born outside Europe. Compared to patients participating in Swedish regular rehabilitation programmes (MMR), the level of education was low, 44% had finished high school (55% in MMR in Sweden) and 8% university (27% in MMR in Sweden). Also the distribution of pain differed; in MMRI 40% reported pain with varying localization compared to 33% in MMR. Both groups were frequent health care seekers, even though MMRl’s patients reported a higher frequency of visits than MMR regular patients; 94% of MMRl’s patients compared to 70% MMR patients were seeking physicians more than 4 times due to pain during the previous year. Both groups report very low health related quality of life. In the MMRI group, at admission, the EQ5Dindex was 0.088 (md) (MMR 0.157). This can be compared with 0.83, the value for the Swedish norm population.

Conclusions
Patients participating in MMRI, compared to patients participating in MMR, reported poorer health, higher rate of visit to physicians due to pain and less higher education than other, Swedish speaking pain patients attending to the country pain programmes.
Use of Complimentary/Alternative therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Jonsdottir Thorbjörg , Jonsdottir Helga , Gunnarsdottir Sigridur 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the use of Complimentary/Alternative therapy for chronic pain in nationwide sample.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study a postal questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables (e.g. gender, education, income and residence), pain characteristics (severity and interference with daily life), health related quality of life and use of Complimentary/Alternative therapy for chronic pain, was sent to a sample of 4500 individuals randomly drawn from the national population of Iceland. The relationships between sociodemographic and pain related variables and pain related use Complimentary/Alternative therapy among participants reporting chronic pain (≥3 months) were tested.

Results
The prevalence of chronic pain (≥3 months) among respondents was 47.5%. Among participants reporting chronic pain, 45.5% (n = 343) reported having consulted some kind of Complimentary or Alternative therapy for their pain the previous six months and this was more prevalent among women than men. Most usual kind of therapists consulted was Acupuncturists (21.4%) and Chiropractors (18.3%). There were some gender differences in what kind of therapy people had consulted. Women were more likely than men to have consulted Acupuncturist while men consulted a Chiropractor more often than women. Logistic regression analysis showed that predictors for use of Complimentary/Alternative therapy for chronic pain were gender, urban residence and pain severity. The use of Complimentary/Alternative therapy was not related to education, family income or health related quality of life.

Conclusions
Women and urban residents are more likely than men and rural residents to seek Complimentary/Alternative therapy for chronic. People are more likely to seek Complimentary/Alternative care for chronic pain the more severe pain is.
Effect of conditioned pain modulation on long-term potentiation-like pain amplification in humans
Authors: Xia Weiwei , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Matre Dagfinn , Andersen Ole Kæseler 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aim
The current study aimed to explore the effect of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) on the long-term potentiation (LTP)-like pain amplification induced by peripheral 10 Hz conditioning electrical stimulation (CES).

Methods
Sensory changes and neurogenic inflammatory vas-cular reactions induced by 10 Hz CES were assessed in twenty subjects in a randomized crossover design involving two experimental days separated by at least one week. The CPM effect was activated by cold pressor test (CPT) (4 °C) which was applied immediately before the 10 Hz CES in the active session and 32 °C water was used in the control session. Perceptual intensity ratings to single electrical stimulation (SES) at the conditioned skin site and to mechanical stimuli (pinprick and light stroking) in the immediate vicinity of the electrode for CES were recorded. Superficial blood flow (SBF), skin temperature (ST), and heat pain threshold (HPT) were also measured. The pain intensities during the CES process were recorded and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was used for assessing the pain experience.

Results
CPT reduced the pain perception increments to pin-prick (12.8 g) and light stroking stimuli after 10 Hz CES compared to the control session. Moreover, CPT resulted in lower pain intensity ratings during the CES process but without significant changes in the SF-MPQ scores between the two sessions. The SBF and ST were found to increase after CES and then gradually decline but without differences between the CPT and the control sessions. No CPM effect was found for HPT and pain intensity increments to SES.

Conclusions
The cold pressor test inhibited heterotopic perception amplification to mechanical stimuli after conditioning electrical stimulation. The results indicate that endogenous descending inhibitory systems may affect pain-amplificatory mechanisms.
The impact of opioid treatment on regional gastrointestinal transit
Authors: Jørgensen D. , Poulsen J.L. , Olesen A.E. , Brock C. , Sandberg T.H. , Krogh K. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
To employ a human experimental model of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) in healthy volunteers, and evaluate the impact of opioid treatment compared to placebo on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and motility, assessed by questionnaires and regional GI transit times.

Methods
Twenty-five healthy males were randomly assigned to oxycodone or placebo for five days in a double-blind, crossover design. Adverse GI effects were measured with bowel function index, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, patient assessment of constipation symptoms questionnaire, and bristol stool form scale. Regional GI transit times were determined using the 3D-Transit system and segmental colonic transit times were determined using a custom Matlab® graphical user interface.

Results
GI symptom scores increased significantly across all applied questionnaires during opioid treatment. Oxycodone increased median total GI transit time from 22.2 to 43.9 h (P< 0.01), segmental transit times in the cecum and ascending colon from 5.7 to 9.9 h (P<0.05), rectosigmoid transit time from 2.7 to 9.0 h (P<0.05), and colorectal transit time from 18.6 to 38.6 h (P<0.01). No association between questionnaire scores and segmental transit times were detected.

Conclusions
Self-assessed adverse GI effects and increased GI transit times in different segments were induced during oxycodone treatment. This detailed information about segmental changes in motility has great potential for future interventional head-to-head trials of different laxative regimes for prevention and treatment of OIBD.
Recent German Contributions to Aerodynamics and Flight Dynamics
Authors: Blenk Hermann 
Published: July 2016

Last year the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt agreed to organise lectures in honour of Osborne Reynolds and Ludwig PrandtI, to be given every two years, and alternating between Great Britain and Germany. The purpose of these lectures will be to show how closely English and German aeronautical research is related, and to recall the great scientific work of Osborne Reynolds and Ludwig Prandtl for the benefit of the younger generation. Without their contributions our scientific and technical achievements in aeronautics today would hardly have been possible.Today I have the great honour to present the first Reynolds-Prandtl Lecture, and I wish to thank the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt for this high distinction.
EXPRESSING ENTITLEMENT IN COLONIAL ALGERIA: VILLAGERS, MEDICAL DOCTORS, AND THE STATE IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Clark Hannah-Louise 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article expands our understanding of state–society interactions in rural Algeria under French colonial rule, focusing specifically on villages in the eastern department of Constantine. I analyze previously unstudied administrative records, newspapers, petitions, and complaints to show how sanitary regulations and medical expertise came to shape relationships among villagers, local elites, and the colonial state from the early 20th century. Villagers responded to state-led medicalization by seeking the protection of medical doctors, not only from disease but also from the state itself. In particular, they sought to avoid heavy-handed treatment by qaʾids and local elites who applied disease control measures without appropriate medical knowledge. Furthermore, close examination of petitions sent during World War I suggests that hardships experienced by rural communities during the war accentuated nascent feelings of entitlement across demographic, ethnic, and religious communal boundaries toward state medical treatment.
Reconnaissance Orbits Normal to the Ecliptic Plane
Authors: Greenwood S. W. 
Published: July 2016

The ecliptic plane is the plane of the orbit of the Earth round the Sun. In a previous note the velocity requirements were examined for conventional rocket vehicles to enter reconnaissance orbits around the Sun in this plane.Departure from the ecliptic plane obviously involves an increase in the velocity requirement. To some extent, all interplanetry voyages necessitate such motion, as the planets lie in planes inclined to the ecliptic. In this note, the extreme case of entry into orbits normal to the ecliptic will be considered.
A Comment on the Approximate Calculation of Eigenvalues for Certain Second-Order Linear Differential Equations
Authors: Squire William 
Published: July 2016

In a note by Goodey on the combined use of the WKB solution and Rayleigh's principle to estimate the lowest eigenvalue of a second-order linear differential equation, a numerical error concealed an interesting aspect of the result. The exact value λ = 2·062 corresponds to 0·6564π; and not 0·654π as stated. The approximate value 0·6559π is therefore lower than the exact value.The possibility of approximate evaluation of the integral in a variational expression affecting the direction of approach to the exact value was pointed out by the author in a recent paper on the application of quadrature by differentiation. The application of the method described there to the example considered by Goodey may be of some interest as it gives the eigenvalue to within 1/2 per cent by the solution of a quadratic equation.
The Hawker P.1127 V/STOL Strike Fighter
Authors: Bedford A. W. 
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to give an outline of the background, development and V/STOL flying techniques of the Hawker P.1127. For security reasons it is not possible to release information on performance or numerical details of the control characteristics and hence it has been necessary to confine the material to a qualitative nature.Vertical and short take-off and landing (V/STOL) ability of operational aircraft from unprepared areas enables air power to be concentrated at long range with a minimum reliance, on overseas bases. In the past such operations have been possible because of the existence of well-equipped overseas bases and long lines of communications.
The Aerodynamics of Sails, with Particular Reference to Dinghies
Authors: Millward A. 
Published: July 2016

The earliest known boats were propelled by oars. Sails were soon discovered, probably in Egypt, where a light, but steady, north wind blows up the Nile. The Egyptians found that by stretching a large mat across the ship they could proceed up the river. However, sails remained an auxiliary source of power until about 300 A.D. because they could be used only with a following wind. Fig. 1 shows an Egyptian ship of about 1600 B.C.The next improvement came in China, where the square sail was turned fore and aft, enabling the boat to be sailed at an angle to the wind. Unfortunately the Chinese made no further improvements, and the junk, Fig. 2, has remained basically unchanged for about two thousand years.
The Operator’s Year
Authors: Hatfield P. R. 
Published: July 2016

My Company is a small firm, situated near Colchester, Essex, operating only in the United Kingdom. It is entering its sixth year of operation, and owns seven aircraft, all Tiger Moths, five Agricultural and two Club aircraft of which, generally, only four are serviceable, the remainder being on maintenance or repair— of which more later.Our experience is probably quite different from other operators’ as a season can vary enormously from area to area, and just a few weeks of working to capacity on something that occurs locally can make all the difference between a good year and a bad one. But although differing substantially in detail, the overall pattern is probably similar.
Agricultural Aircraft for the Future—The Helicopter
Authors: Summerlee J. 
Published: July 2016

The future helicopter brings to mind a vast multi-engined aircraft capable of speed in excess of 150 knots, and of payloads of 8,000 lb. or more. This is not the aircraft for agriculture.Experience has shown that once the all-up weight of the helicopter gets beyond 3,000, 4,000 lb., its manoeuvrability is reduced to such an extent that the characteristics which make it the most ideal vehicle for aerial agriculture are lost.
INTERSECTIONAL PRESENTATIONS
Authors: Brown Nadia E. , Gershon Sarah Allen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent decades the number of women and minorities elected to public office has increased significantly, prompting a wealth of studies examining the ways these different gender and racial identities shape elected officials’ appeals to constituents. However, much previous research focuses on representational differences among either men and womenorAnglos and minorities, neglecting the intersection of race and gender. We seek to fill this void by examining differences in presentation styles among Latina and African American congresswomen, their Anglo female counterparts, and minority male peers. Relying on a detailed content analysis of the biographical pages available on U.S. Representatives’ websites, we conduct an exploratory examination of the differences in representatives’ presentation of self. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this paper identifies the unique ways minority congresswomen present themselves and issue positions to constituents. We conclude by considering the implications of our results for minority women holding and seeking public office.
A TEST OF THE AFRO CARIBBEAN MODEL MINORITY HYPOTHESIS
Authors: Ifatunji Mosi Adesina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThroughout the twentieth century, Black immigrants from the Caribbean attained greater socioeconomic status than African Americans. Although Black immigrants remain an understudied population, recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans continue to outperform African Americans in the labor market. Given that these groups share a set of racialized physical features, some contend that this gap highlights the role of cultural attributes in the manufacture of Black ethnic and Black-White racial disparities. In this study, I investigate the degree to which cultural attributes associated with a specific form of themodel minority hypothesisare responsible for disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I use data from theNational Survey of American Lifein order to test for the relative roles of work ethic, economic autonomy, oppositionality, family structure and function, and racial attitudes in the manufacture of disparate labor market outcomes between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans. I find mixed support for the idea that Afro Caribbeans constitute a model minority vis-à-vis African Americans and that differences in model minority attributes are only partially responsible for these labor market disparities. My findings suggest that racial inequality will not be undone if the racially stigmatized and marginalized simply work harder and complain less about race and racism in the United States.
DIVERSITY AND MEANING IN THE STUDY OF BLACK FATHERHOOD
Authors: Johnson Maria S. , Young Alford A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFor the past several decades, numerous studies have focused on the so-called “crisis of Black fatherhood”—that is, the many ways in which Black fathers struggle to fulfill traditional paternal roles and duties. Given major shifts in both the structural conditions and cultural expectations of fatherhood in general over the past century, we argue that it is necessary to reestablish not only what Black fatherhood looks like today—in particular, the internal diversity and dynamism of this category—but also how Black men (as well as other members of Black families and communities) make sense of these changes and meaningfully negotiate their implications. We outline a two-pronged research agenda that: first, identifies gaps in the existing literature that limit our knowledge of the full range of Black fathering practices and experiences; and second, reclaims and repurposes “cultural analysis,” not to pathologize “what’s wrong with Black families and fathers,” but to shed much needed light on the ways in which Black fathers themselves process and make meaning of their roles and realities.
Signal transduction controls heterogeneous NF-κB dynamics and target gene expression through cytokine-specific refractory states
Authors: Adamson Antony , Boddington Christopher , Downton Polly , Rowe William , Bagnall James , Lam Connie , Maya-Mendoza Apolinar , Schmidt Lorraine , Harper Claire V. , Spiller David G. , Rand David A. , Jackson Dean A. , White Michael R. H. , Paszek Pawel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCells respond dynamically to pulsatile cytokine stimulation. Here we report that single, or well-spaced pulses of TNFα (>100 min apart) give a high probability of NF-κB activation. However, fewer cells respond to shorter pulse intervals (<100 min) suggesting a heterogeneous refractory state. This refractory state is established in the signal transduction network downstream of TNFR and upstream of IKK, and depends on the level of the NF-κB system negative feedback protein A20. If a second pulse within the refractory phase is IL-1β instead of TNFα, all of the cells respond. This suggests a mechanism by which two cytokines can synergistically activate an inflammatory response. Gene expression analyses show strong correlation between the cellular dynamic response and NF-κB-dependent target gene activation. These data suggest that refractory states in the NF-κB system constitute an inherent design motif of the inflammatory response and we suggest that this may avoid harmful homogenous cellular activation.
The Arabidopsis Golgi-localized GDP-L-fucose transporter is required for plant development
Authors: Rautengarten Carsten , Ebert Berit , Liu Lifeng , Stonebloom Solomon , Smith-Moritz Andreia M. , Pauly Markus , Orellana Ariel , Scheller Henrik Vibe , Heazlewood Joshua L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNucleotide sugar transport across Golgi membranes is essential for the luminal biosynthesis of glycan structures. Here we identify GDP-fucose transporter 1 (GFT1), anArabidopsisnucleotide sugar transporter that translocates GDP-L-fucose into the Golgi lumen. Using proteo-liposome-based transport assays, we show that GFT preferentially transports GDP-L-fucose over other nucleotide sugarsin vitro, whileGFT1-silenced plants are almost devoid ofL-fucose in cell wall-derived xyloglucan and rhamnogalacturonan II. Furthermore, these lines display reducedL-fucose content inN-glycan structures accompanied by severe developmental growth defects. We conclude that GFT1 is the major nucleotide sugar transporter for import of GDP-L-fucose into the Golgi and is required for proper plant growth and development.
Piggyback-the-Winner in host-associated microbial communities
Authors: Silveira Cynthia B , Rohwer Forest L 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhages can exploit their bacterial hosts by lytic infection, when many viral particles are released at cell lysis, or by lysogeny, when phages integrate into the host’s genome. We recently proposed a new dynamic model of bacteria–phage interactions in which lysogeny predominates at high microbial abundance and growth rates. This model, named Piggyback-the-Winner (PtW), contrasts to current accepted models on the frequency of lysis and lysogeny and predicts that phages integrate into their hosts’ genomes as prophages when microbial abundances and growth rates are high. According to PtW, switching to the temperate life cycle reduces phage predation control on bacterial abundance and confers superinfection exclusion, preventing that a closely-related phage infects the same bacterial cell. Here we examine how PtW is important for metazoans. Specifically, we postulate that PtW and the recently described bacteriophage adherence to mucus (BAM) model are strongly interrelated and have an important role in the development of the microbiome. In BAM, phage produced by the microbiome attach to mucins and protect underlying epithelial cells from invading bacteria. Spatial structuring of the mucus creates a gradient of phage replication strategies consistent with PtW. We predict that lysogeny is favored at the top mucosal layer and lytic predation predominates in the bacteria-sparse intermediary layers. The lysogeny confers competitive advantage to commensals against niche invasion and the lytic infection eliminates potential pathogens from deeper mucus layers.
Oral treatment with Eubacterium hallii improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice
Authors: Udayappan Shanthadevi , Manneras-Holm Louise , Chaplin-Scott Alice , Belzer Clara , Herrema Hilde , Dallinga-Thie Geesje M , Duncan Silvia H , Stroes Erik S G , Groen Albert K , Flint Harry J , Backhed Fredrik , de Vos Willem M , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn altered intestinal microbiota composition is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously identified increased intestinal levels of Eubacterium hallii, an anaerobic bacterium belonging to the butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae family, in metabolic syndrome subjects who received a faecal transplant from a lean donor. To further assess the effects of E. hallii on insulin sensitivity, we orally treated obese and diabetic db/db mice with alive E. hallii and glycerol or heat-inactive E. hallii as control. Insulin tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments revealed that alive E. hallii treatment improved insulin sensitivity compared control treatment. In addition, E. hallii treatment increased energy expenditure in db/db mice. Active E. hallii treatment was found to increase faecal butyrate concentrations and to modify bile acid metabolism compared with heat-inactivated controls. Our data suggest that E. hallii administration potentially alters the function of the intestinal microbiome and that microbial metabolites may contribute to the improved metabolic phenotype.