bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of transportation to access maternal care services for women in rural Bangladesh and Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study
Authors: Alam Nazmul , Chowdhury Mahbub Elahi , Kouanda Seni , Seppey Mathieu , Alam Anadil , Savadogo Justin Ragnessi , Sia Drissa , Fournier Pierre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the role of transportation in accessing health care during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period among women in rural Bangladesh and Burkina Faso.MethodsAn exploratory mixed methods study was conducted in Mymensingh district in Bangladesh and Kaya district in Burkina Faso. We recruited 300 women from Bangladesh and 340 from Burkina Faso with a delivery outcome within one year of interview. Key informant interviews were conducted with 19 participants and 12 focus group discussions took place with attendees in selected community clinics.ResultsOf the interviewees, 45.7% in Bangladesh and 73.2% in Burkina Faso reported having had health complications during their last pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum period. Of all women, 42.7% in Bangladesh and 67.4% in Burkina Faso sought facility care for their complications. Facility‐based delivery was much higher in Burkina Faso (87.7%) than Bangladesh (38.2%). Literacy, transport availability, transportation costs, and travel time were associated with care seeking behavior.ConclusionLack of reliable transportation was reported as a significant barrier to accessing care during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum by women in Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Effort should be made to improve access to emergency obstetric care, and transport intervention should be strengthened.
Availability and utilization of obstetric and newborn care in Guinea: A national needs assessment
Authors: Baguiya Adama , Meda Ivlabèhiré Bertrand , Millogo Tieba , Kourouma Mamadou , Mouniri Halima , Kouanda Seni 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the availability and utilization of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) in Guinea given the high maternal and neonatal mortality rates.MethodsWe used the Guinea 2012 needs assessment data collected via a national cross‐sectional census of health facilities conducted from September to October 2012. All public, private, and faith‐based health facilities that performed at least one delivery during the period of the study were included.ResultsA total of 502 health facilities were visited, of which 81 were hospitals. Only 15 facilities were classified as fully functioning EmONC facilities, all of which were reference hospitals. None of the first level health facilities were fully functioning EmONC facilities. The ratio of availability of EmONC was one fully functioning EmONC facility for 745 415 inhabitants. The institutional delivery rate was 32.3% and the proportion of all births in EmONC facilities was 7.1%. Met need for EmONC was 12.2%. Among 201 maternal deaths in EmONC facilities, 69 were due to indirect causes. The intrapartum and very early neonatal death rate was 39 deaths per 1000 live births.ConclusionThe study showed low availability of EmONC services and underutilization of the available services. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of the current policy of user fees exemption for deliveries and prenatal care in Guinea.
Of the body and the hands: patterned iconicity for semantic categories
Authors: HWANG SO-ONE , TOMITA NOZOMI , MORGAN HOPE , ERGIN RABIA , İLKBAŞARAN DENIZ , SEEGERS SHARON , LEPIC RYAN , PADDEN CAROL 
Published: November 2016

abstractThis paper examines how gesturers and signers use their bodies to express concepts such as instrumentality and humanness. Comparing across eight sign languages (American, Japanese, German, Israeli, and Kenyan Sign Languages, Ha Noi Sign Language of Vietnam, Central Taurus Sign Language of Turkey, and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language of Israel) and the gestures of American non-signers, we find recurring patterns for naming entities in three semantic categories (tools, animals, and fruits & vegetables). These recurring patterns are captured in a classification system that identifies iconic strategies based on how the body is used together with the hands. Across all groups, tools are named withmanipulationforms, where the head and torso represent those of a human agent. Animals tend to be identified withpersonificationforms, where the body serves as a map for a comparable non-human body. Fruits & vegetables tend to be identified withobjectforms, where the hands act independently from the rest of the body to represent static features of the referent. We argue that these iconic patterns are rooted in using the body for communication, and provide a basis for understanding how meaningful communication emerges quickly in gesture and persists in emergent and established sign languages.
Development and validation of empirical indices to assess the insulinaemic potential of diet and lifestyle
Authors: Tabung Fred K. , Wang Weike , Fung Teresa T. , Hu Frank B. , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Fuchs Charles S. , Willett Walter C. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe glycaemic and insulin indices assess postprandial glycaemic and insulin response to foods, respectively, which may not reflect the long-term effects of diet on insulin response. We developed and evaluated the validity of four empirical indices to assess the insulinaemic potential of usual diets and lifestyles, using dietary, lifestyle and biomarker data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n 5812 for hyperinsulinaemia, n 3929 for insulin resistance). The four indices were as follows: the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) and the empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinaemia (ELIH); the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR) and the empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR). We entered thirty-nine FFQ-derived food groups in stepwise linear regression models, and defined indices as patterns most predictive of fasting plasma C-peptide, for the hyperinsulinaemia pathway (EDIH and ELIH), and of theTAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio, for the insulin-resistance pathway (EDIR and ELIR). We evaluated the validity of indices in two independent samples from NHS-II and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses to calculate relative concentrations of biomarkers. The EDIH is comprised of eighteen food groups; thirteen were positively associated with C-peptide and five were inversely associated. The EDIR is comprised of eighteen food groups; ten were positively associated with TAG:HDL-cholesterol and eight were inversely associated. Lifestyle indices had fewer dietary components, and included BMI and physical activity as components. In the validation samples, all indices significantly predicted biomarker concentrations – for example, the relative concentrations of the corresponding biomarkers comparing extreme index quintiles in the HPFS were EDIH, 1·29 (95 % CI 1·22, 1·37); ELIH, 1·78 (95 % CI 1·68, 1·88); EDIR, 1·44 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·55); and ELIR, 2·03 (95 % CI 1·89, 2·19); all Ptrend<0·0001. The robust associations of these novel hypothesis-driven indices with insulin response biomarker concentrations suggest their usefulness in assessing the ability of whole diets and lifestyles to stimulate and/or sustain insulin secretion.
Towards a deeper understanding of fatty acid bioaccessibility and its dependence on culinary treatment and lipid class: a case study of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Costa Sara , Afonso Cláudia , Cardoso Carlos , Oliveira Rui , Alves Francisca , Nunes Maria L. , Bandarra Narcisa M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe bioaccessibility of total lipids and fatty acids (FA) in raw and grilled gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) was determined using an in vitro digestion model. The particular impact of grilling on the FA profile of seabream was also studied. In addition, the influence of lipid class on the bioaccessibility of each FA was analysed. Grilling did not change the relative FA profile, and only the absolute values were altered. However, the relative FA profile varied across lipid classes, being more dissimilar between TAG and phospholipids. Long-chain SFA and PUFA seemed to be less bioaccessible. Moreover, grilling reduced bioaccessibility of protein, fat and many FA, with the highest reductions found in PUFA such as the DHA. Strong evidence supporting a predominantly regioselective action of lipase during in vitro digestion was found, and the impact of this phenomenon on FA bioaccessibility was assessed.
PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS IN GENDERED HISTORIES OF INDUSTRIAL LABOUR IN BURSA AND BOMBAY 1850–1910
Authors: YILDIZ HATICE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTextile manufacturing in India and the Ottoman Empire transformed fundamentally in the nineteenth century, when mass-produced goods imported from Europe permeated local markets. Faced with increasing competition from abroad, local producers changed their techniques, materials, designs, and target customers. At the same time, processing industries emerged in places with intense mercantile activity, introducing new meanings, relations, and patterns of work. This article investigates the role played by gender in the shaping of labour markets and class politics in two export-oriented industries that developed simultaneously: the silk-reeling industry in Bursa and the cotton-spinning industry in Bombay. It shows that the secondary economic value attributed to women's work, combined with rural connections of workers, brought down wages and subsidized capitalist profits in both sectors. Within the emerging industrial workforce, ideas about appropriate roles for women and men provided the vocabulary and constituted boundaries of class politics. Bringing gender into the debate of industrial development and class, the article reveals parallels and contrasts in two non-European settings that are rarely compared in the existing historiographies.
Bilateral blindness following anterior nasal packing in a case of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Sahoo A K , Preetam C , Kumar R , Samal D K 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground:Epistaxis is the most common ENT emergency encountered in the Emergency Department. Most cases can be managed by simple anterior nasal packing. This is usually a safe and very effective option in an emergency situation, requiring minimal expertise and infrastructure. This paper describes a rare instance of a serious complication following anterior nasal packing in a case of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.Case report:A 27-year-old man diagnosed with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma presented to the Emergency Department with bilateral epistaxis. The patient was stabilised and anterior nasal packing was performed, which controlled the bleeding. Three hours later, the patient developed complete blindness in both eyes. Aggressive medical management was initiated immediately, but failed to restore the patient's vision.Conclusion:Anterior nasal packing is a simple and minimally invasive procedure practised regularly in an Emergency Department setting. However, it can occasionally lead to serious complications such as blindness. Thus, obtaining informed consent is essential to avoid medico-legal consequences in high-risk cases.
Long-term survival outcomes in patients with surgically treated oropharyngeal cancer and defined human papilloma virus status
Authors: Dale O T , Sood S , Shah K A , Han C , Rapozo D , Mehanna H , Winter S C 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective:This study investigated long-term survival outcomes in surgically treated oropharyngeal cancer patients with known human papilloma virus status.Methods:A case note review was performed of all patients undergoing primary surgery for oropharyngeal cancer in a single centre over a 10-year period. Human papilloma virus status was determined via dual modality testing. Associations between clinicopathological variables and survival were identified using a log-rank test.Results:Of the 107 cases in the study, 40 per cent (n = 41) were human papilloma virus positive. The positive and negative predictive values of p16 immunohistochemistry for human papilloma virus status were 57 per cent and 100 per cent, respectively. At a mean follow up of 59.5 months, 5-year overall and disease-specific survival estimates were 78 per cent and 69 per cent, respectively. Human papilloma virus status (p = 0.014), smoking status (p = 0.021) and tumour stage (p = 0.03) were significant prognostic indicators.Conclusion:The long-term survival rates in surgically treated oropharyngeal cancer patients were comparable to other studies. Variables including human papilloma virus status and tumour stage were associated with survival in patients treated with primary surgery; however, nodal stage and presence of extracapsular spread were non-prognostic.
Cannabis-induced attenuated psychotic symptoms: implications for prognosis in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis
Authors: McHugh M. J. , McGorry P. D. , Yung A. R. , Lin A. , Wood S. J. , Hartmann J. A. , Nelson B. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundCannabis use shows a robust dose-dependent relationship with psychosis risk among the general population. Despite this, it has been difficult to link cannabis use with risk for transitioning to a psychotic disorder among individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The present study examined UHR transition risk as a function of cannabis use characteristics which vary substantially between individuals including age of first use, cannabis abuse severity and a history of cannabis-induced attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS).MethodParticipants were 190 UHR individuals (76 males) recruited at entry to treatment between 2000 and 2006. They completed a comprehensive baseline assessment including a survey of cannabis use characteristics during the period of heaviest use. Outcome was transition to a psychotic disorder, with mean time to follow-up of 5.0 years (range 2.4–8.7 years).ResultsA history of cannabis abuse was reported in 58% of the sample. Of these, 26% reported a history of cannabis-induced APS. These individuals were 4.90 (95% confidence interval 1.93–12.44) times more likely to transition to a psychotic disorder (p = 0.001). Greater severity of cannabis abuse also predicted transition to psychosis (p = 0.036). However, this effect was mediated by higher abuse severity among individuals with a history of cannabis-induced APS.ConclusionsFindings suggest that cannabis use poses risk in a subpopulation of UHR individuals who manifest cannabis-induced APS. Whether this reflects underlying genetic vulnerability requires further study. Nevertheless, findings reveal an important early marker of risk with potentially significant prognostic utility for UHR individuals.
N. T. Wright on Paul the Pharisee and ancient Jews in exile
Authors: Mason Steve 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article examines two topics that emerge from N. T. Wright's Paul and the Faithfulness of the Gospel: Paul the Shammaite-zealot and the ‘great narrative’ of an Israel in exile, waiting for something. The perspective adopted is that of a historian, for whom the fundamental question is whether Wright's accounts approximate plausible reality two thousand years ago. With respect to the first topic, analysis of source material on the Pharisees in the pre-70 period renders Wright's association of Paul with the rabbinic ‘House of Shammai’ and zealotry doubtful in every part. Similar issues arise in relation to the second topic, where Wright's proposal is supported by a kind of proof-texting, without methodical concern for the nature, context, coherence, themes, rhetoric or meaning of texts in situ.
Differentiated selves help only when identification is strong and tasks are complex
Authors: Nijstad Bernard A. , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhereas differentiation is overestimated – it more often hurts than helps group performance – identification is underestimated. A more viable perspective sees identification and cooperative motivation as the sine qua non of group functioning, with differentiation helping in a relatively narrow set of cognitively complex tasks that require creativity and deep and deliberate information processing by individual members.
Ecological shifts during larval development in two West African savanna frogs
Authors: Glos Julian , Wolter Johanna , Struck Ulrich , Rödel Mark-Oliver 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:During their ontogeny many organisms exhibit size and/or stage-specific variability in a variety of features related to morphology and ecology, leading to a shift in the ecological niche between size- or stage groups. We analysed such ecological shifts between four larval stage groups in each of two syntopic species of frogs (a total of 5870 individuals) in two West African savanna ponds in Côte d'Ivoire. We hypothesized and confirmed differences between stage groups in ecological variables related to microhabitat and feeding niche. Stage groups differed up to 1‰ in δ15N and 1.5‰ in δ13C isotopic signatures, up to 10 cm in selected water depth, up to 6 m in distance to the pond's edge, and in the coverage of submerged vegetation (range = 10–50%). However, the hypothesis that tadpoles with generalized mouthparts (Kassina spp.) exhibit more pronounced ontogenetic shifts in food-web position than a specialized filter-feeding species (Phrynomantis microps), and that differences between larval stages are more pronounced in a heterogeneous habitat (offering more choices of habitat and food niches) than in a homogeneous habitat (offering less choices) was only partly confirmed. This study underlines that potential niche shift during different ontogenetic stages is an important factor to be considered in ecological studies.
Avian predators avoid attacking artificial aposematic millipedes in Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Iniesta Luiz F. M. , Ratton Pedro , Guerra Tadeu J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:Avian predators may represent an important selective pressure favouring the evolution of aposematic colouration in millipedes that present chemical defences. However, the role of their warning colouration in predator avoidance remains poorly explored under field conditions, especially in Neotropical forests. Thus, to evaluate the hypothesis of the predator avoidance, we conducted a factorial experiment utilizing artificial replicas of millipedes constructed from plasticine and placed in the natural habitat of Odontopeltis aleijadinho (Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae), an Atlantic Forest endemic aposematic millipede. We assessed patterns of attack to aposematic and non-aposematic replicas applied with repugnant fluid extracted from living millipedes and two control treatments, distributed as a total of 300 replicas exposed for 48 h on the forest floor. The average percentage of replicas attacked was nearly 10-fold higher on those non-aposematic control replicas (13.3% ± 3.3%) than on aposematic replicas (1.3% ± 0.9%). In 24 replicas attacked by avian predators, no effect of millipede repugnant fluid was found, but the effect of colouration pattern was statistically significant. Our data support the hypothesis that a warning colouration pattern involving yellow spots symmetrically distributed along the millipede body can mediate avian predator avoidance.
Characterizing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus in infants with older siblings: a population-based birth cohort study
Authors: JACOBY P. , GLASS K. , MOORE H. C. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYFrom a population-based birth cohort of 245 249 children born in Western Australia during 1996–2005, we used linkage of laboratory and birth record datasets to obtain data including all respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detections during infancy from a subcohort of 87 981 singleton children born in the Perth metropolitan area from 2000 to 2004. Using log binomial regression, we found that the risk of infant RSV detection increases with the number of older siblings, with those having ⩾3 older siblings experiencing almost three times the risk (relative risk 2·83, 95% confidence interval 2·46–3·26) of firstborn children. We estimate that 45% of the RSV detections in our subcohort were attributable to infection from an older sibling. The sibling effect was significantly higher for those infants who were younger during the season of peak risk (winter) than those who were older. Although older siblings were present in our cohort, they had very few RSV detections which could be temporally linked to an infant's infection. We conclude that RSV infection in older children leads to less severe symptoms but is nevertheless an important source of infant infection. Our results lend support to a vaccination strategy which includes family members in order to provide maximum protection for newborn babies.
Nutritional management of hyperapoB
Authors: Lamantia Valérie , Sniderman Allan , Faraj May 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPlasma apoB is a more accurate marker of the risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) than LDL-cholesterol; however, nutritional reviews targeting apoB are scarce. Here we reviewed eighty-seven nutritional studies and present conclusions in order of strength of evidence. Plasma apoB was reduced in all studies that induced weight loss of 6–12 % using hypoenergetic diets (seven studies; 5440–7110 kJ/d; 1300–1700 kcal/d; 34–50 % carbohydrates; 27–39 % fat; 18–24 % protein). When macronutrients were compared in isoenergetic diets (eleven studies including eight randomised controlled trials (RCT);n1189), the diets that reduced plasma apoB were composed of 26–51 % carbohydrates, 26–46 % fat, 11–32 % protein, 10–27 % MUFA, 5–14 % PUFA and 7–13 % SFA. Replacement of carbohydrate by MUFA, not SFA, decreased plasma apoB. Moreover, dietary enriching withn-3 fatty acids (FA) (from fish: 1·1–1·7 g/d or supplementation: 3·2–3·4 g/d EPA/DHA or 4 g/d EPA), psyllium (about 8–20 g/d), phytosterols (about 2–4 g/d) or nuts (30–75 g/d) also decreased plasma apoB, mostly in hyperlipidaemic subjects. While high intake oftrans-FA (4·3–9·1 %) increased plasma apoB, it is unlikely that these amounts represent usual consumption. Inconsistent data existed on the effect of soya proteins (25–30 g/d), while the positive association of alcohol consumption with low plasma apoB was reported in cross-sectional studies only. Five isoenergetic studies using Mediterranean diets (including two RCT; 823 subjects) reported a decrease of plasma apoB, while weaker evidence existed for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), vegetarian, Nordic and Palaeolithic diets. We recommend using a Mediterranean dietary pattern, which also encompasses the dietary components reported to reduce plasma apoB, to target hyperapoB and reduce the risks of CVD and T2D.