bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plaque removal with triple‐headed vs single‐headed manual toothbrushes—a systematic review—
Authors: Kalf‐Scholte SM , Van der Weijden GA , Bakker EWP , Slot DE 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to establish the effectiveness of brushing with a triple‐headed manual toothbrush compared to a single‐headed manual toothbrush on plaque removal.Materials and methodsThe MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials conducted with humans without fixed orthodontic appliances who were not dental care professionals. Papers that evaluated the effect of toothbrushing with a triple‐headed manual toothbrush compared to a single‐headed manual toothbrush on plaque removal were included. Data were extracted from the eligible studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed.ResultThe search retrieved 15 eligible publications including 18 relevant comparisons. Heterogeneity was most obvious with respect to the person who performed the brushing, either the participants themselves or a caregiver responsible for daily oral hygiene. Additionally, participant characteristics such as age and individual disabilities varied. A lack of appropriate data and a variation in the indices used allowed only a descriptive analysis. Of the 14 comparisons with self‐performed brushing by the participants, the majority showed no difference between triple‐headed and single‐headed toothbrushes, with a few favouring the triple‐headed. In the comparisons in which a caregiver performed the brushing, three of the four showed that the triple‐headed toothbrush performed significantly better on the reduction in plaque scores.ConclusionFrom this review emerges the recommendation that the use of a triple‐headed manual toothbrush instead of a single‐headed manual toothbrush might be favorable with respect to plaque removal in case a care‐dependent individual is brushed by a caregiver.
Cycle affects imidacloprid efficiency by mediating cytochrome P450 expression in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Kang K. , Yang P. , Pang R. , Yue L. , Zhang W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCircadian clocks influence most behaviours and physiological activities in animals, including daily fluctuations in metabolism. However, how the clock gene cycle influences insects' responses to pesticides has rarely been reported. Here, we provide evidence that cycle affects imidacloprid efficacy by mediating the expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a serious insect pest of rice. Survival bioassays showed that the susceptibility of BPH adults to imidacloprid differed significantly between the two time points tested [Zeitgeber Time 8 (ZT8) and ZT4]. After cloning the cycle gene in the BPH (Nlcycle), we found that Nlcycle was expressed at higher levels in the fat body and midgut, and its expression was rhythmic with two peaks. Knockdown of Nlcycle affected the expression levels and rhythms of cytochrome P450 genes as well as susceptibility to imidacloprid. The survival rates of BPH adults after treatment with imidacloprid did not significantly differ between ZT4 and ZT8 after double‐stranded Nlcycle treatment. These findings can be used to improve pesticide use and increase pesticide efficiency in the field.
Durkheim's types of suicide and social capital: a cross‐national comparison of 53 countries
Authors: Moore Matthew D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEmile Durkheim conceptualised four types of suicide depending on the level of regulation and integration of society. Many studies have been conducted using his types of suicide as a model. Recently, social capital has produced a wide range of studies examining the benefits that the concept has to social and economic outcomes in a community. Durkheim's conceptualisation of egoistic, altruistic, and anomic suicide may be viewed as different forms of social capital. The current analysis examines Durkheim's different types of suicide using a social capital model. The findings demonstrate that suicide increases in countries where the individual is too integrated into society (altruistic suicide) and decreases in countries where the individual does not feel part of society (egoistic suicide). The findings illustrate that social capital can increase or decrease suicide depending on the amount of social capital present in the country.
Goal programming with extended factors for portfolio selection
Authors: Tamiz Mehrdad , Azmi Rania A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes and examines the use of several stock‐related factors, called extended factors, for portfolio selection. These factors, including the traditional factors of risk and return, are represented as objectives in weighted goal programming (WGP) models. Several WGP models with passive and active target values and various weights for their unwanted deviational variables in their achievement functions have been developed. The weights and target values of the extended factors represent decision makers’ utility toward their portfolio. The resulting portfolios for the proposed models are compared against each other as well as against the Dow Jones Industrial Average index and portfolios obtained from the well‐established Markowitz and Konno and Yamazaki's models. The experimental results strongly support the use of extended factors for portfolio selection problems and the assumption of meeting decision maker's preferences and utilities better than the portfolios based entirely on risk and return.
Potential additional profits of selling a perishable product due to implementing price discrimination versus implementation costs
Authors: Herbon Avi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFirms that seek to undertake the course of price discrimination may face obstacles. Answering the question as to whether the implementation of price discrimination for perishables is beneficial from the perspective of the seller depends on the total costs of acquiring both consumption information and the technology. We analyze two models. The first model assumes that sufficient consumer information (e.g., purchasing history) and the technology for applying price discrimination are available to the decision maker (i.e., the retailer). The second represents the common situation where the price is identical to all, that is, price discrimination is not carried out. The optimal prices are derived. Our modeling indicates that even under deterministic demand mode, lost sales or surplus can be observed due to the absence of consumer information about sensitivity to a product's remaining time until expiration. Simulations for evaluating the effect of random demand noise on the relative profits obtained by both models surprisingly show that the gap between them decreases under demand noise. Numerical illustration indicates that the subjective prediction made by the retailer, who has no accurate consumer information about demand sensitivity, has a significant impact both on the proportion of the consumer population that benefits from possible price discrimination and on the retailer's expected profits.
Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso
Authors: Prado Elizabeth L. , Abbeddou Souheila , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Arimond Mary , Ashorn Per , Ashorn Ulla , Bendabenda Jaden , Brown Kenneth H. , Hess Sonja Y. , Kortekangas Emma , Lartey Anna , Maleta Kenneth , Oaks Brietta M. , Ocansey Eugenia , Okronipa Harriet , Ouédraogo Jean Bosco , Pulakka Anna , Somé Jérôme W. , Stewart Christine P. , Stewart Robert C. , Vosti Stephen A. , Yakes Jimenez Elizabeth , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPrevious reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD.MethodsWe conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18‐month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD.ResultsOut of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18‐month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts.ConclusionsKey elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status.
Rosacea is associated with Helicobacter pylori: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jørgensen A‐H.R. , Egeberg A. , Gideonsson R. , Weinstock L.B. , Thyssen E.P. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common skin disease characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules and pustules. Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of rosacea.ObjectiveTo systematically review and meta‐analyse the relationship between rosacea and infection with Helicobacter pylori.MethodsA literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Data extraction and analyses were performed on descriptive data. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Random‐effects models with DerSimonian–Laird methods were utilized to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Heterogeneity of results was assessed using I² statistics.ResultsA total of 454 articles were identified and 42 full‐text articles were chosen for further review. Fourteen studies were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis, comprising a total of 928 rosacea patients and 1527 controls. The overall association between Helicobacter pylori infection and rosacea was non‐significant (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.00–2.84, P = 0.052), but analysis restricted to C‐urea breath test showed a significant association (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.92–5.07, P < 0.0001). Effect of eradication treatment on rosacea symptoms was assessed in seven studies, but without significant effect (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.98–1.67, P = 0.069).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis found weak associations between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as an effect of Helicobacter pylori therapy on rosacea symptoms, albeit that these did not reach statistical significance. Whether a pathogenic link between the two conditions exists, or whether Helicobacter pylori infection represents a proxy for other factors remains unknown.
Benign atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier–Degos disease): the wedge‐shaped dermal necrosis can resolve with time
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Theodoridis A. , Brunner M. , Magro C.M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAtrophic papulosis is a rare thrombo‐occlusive disease, characterized by the appearance of multiple atrophic porcelain‐white skin papules, with a surrounding erythematous rim, which are histologically consisting of wedge‐shaped necrosis of the dermis.ObjectiveIt consists of two variants: (i) the benign atrophic papulosis (BAP) only involving the skin and (ii) the malignant atrophic papulosis (MAP) also involving several internal organs with a cumulative five‐year survival rate of approx. 55%. While the probability of only having a BAP at onset is approximately 70%, increasing to 97% after 7 years of monosymptomatic cutaneous course, no close long‐term follow‐up of the development of the skin lesions has been reported.MethodsWe present a precise visual documentation of the evolution of the disseminated skin lesions in a female patient with BAP spanning over two decades.ResultsA considerable improvement and/or clinical resolution of the majority of the lesions disputing the scarring character of the atrophic porcelain‐white skin papules has been detected.ConclusionBAP not only exhibits an excellent prognosis, but resolution of lesions can also occur after a considerable period of time.
Usefulness of a decision tree model for the analysis of adverse drug reactions: Evaluation of a risk prediction model of vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity constructed using a data mining procedure
Authors: Imai Shungo , Yamada Takehiro , Kasashi Kumiko , Kobayashi Masaki , Iseki Ken 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesSeveral publications concerning decision tree (DT) analysis in medical fields have recently demonstrated its usefulness for defining prognostic factors in various diseases. However, there are minimal reports on the predictors of adverse drug reactions. We attempted to use DT analysis to discover combinations of multiple risk factors that would increase the risk of nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin (VCM). To demonstrate the usefulness of DT analysis, we compared its predictive performance with that of multiple logistic regression analysis.MethodA single‐centre, retrospective study was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital. A total of 592 patients, who received intravenous administrations of VCM between November 2011 and April 2016, were enrolled. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or a ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from the baseline. Risk factors for VCM nephrotoxicity were extracted from previous reports. In the DT analysis, a chi‐squared automatic interaction detection algorithm was constructed. For evaluating the established algorithms, a 10‐fold cross validation method was adopted to calculate the misclassification risk of the model. Moreover, to compare the accuracy of the DT analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted.ResultsEighty‐seven (14.7%) patients developed nephrotoxicity. A VCM trough concentration of ≥15.0 mg/L, concomitant medication (vasopressor drugs and furosemide), and a duration of therapy ≥14 days were extracted to build the DT model, in which the patients were divided into 6 subgroups based on variable rates of nephrotoxicity, ranging from 4.6 to 69.6%. The predictive accuracies of the DT and logistic regression models were similar (87.3%, respectively), indicating that they were accurate.ConclusionThis study suggests the usefulness of DT models for the evaluation of adverse drug reactions.
Minimally‐invasive dental anesthesia: Patients' preferences and analysis of the willingness‐to‐pay index
Authors: Re Dino , Del Fabbro Massimo , Karanxha Lorena , Augusti Gabriele , Augusti Davide , Fessi Sabrine , Taschieri Silvio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the impact of a computer‐controlled anesthesia on patients' comfort and to investigate, through the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) index, and patients' acceptance of this new technology.MethodsFifty patients undergoing a class I or II restorative procedure were enrolled. A computer‐controlled device for anesthetic delivery was utilized, and a questionnaire on the level of discomfort and WTP was given to all patients.ResultsA total of 86% of participants declared less discomfort than that perceived during their last traditional procedure for pain control; 58% of patients were willing to pay an additional fee for a modern anesthesia technique, with a median WTP value of 20$.ConclusionsComputer‐controlled systems for local anesthesia represent a relevant tool for reducing patients' discomfort during dental treatment. The WTP index helps to quantify its relevance.
Natural pathology of the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A 35‐year review
Authors: Kumar Shyamesh , Laurence Hannah , Owston Michael A. , Sharp R. Mark , Williams Priscilla , Lanford Robert E. , Hubbard Gene B. , Dick Edward J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present the spontaneous pathological lesions identified as a result of necropsy or biopsy for 245 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35‐year period. A review of the pathology database was performed for all diagnoses on chimpanzees from 1980 to 2014. All morphologic diagnoses, associated system, organ, etiology, and demographic information were reviewed and analyzed. Cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion observed followed by hemosiderosis, hyperplasia, nematodiasis, edema, and hemorrhage. The most frequently affected systems were the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. The most common etiology was undetermined, followed by degenerative, physiologic, neoplastic, parasitic, and bacterial. Perinatal and infant animals were mostly affected by physiologic etiologies and chimpanzee‐induced trauma. Bacterial and physiologic etiologies were more common in juvenile animals. Degenerative and physiologic (and neoplastic in geriatric animals) etiologies predominated in adult, middle aged, and geriatric chimpanzees.
The Effect of Binaural Beat Technology on the Cardiovascular Stress Response in Military Service Members With Postdeployment Stress
Authors: Gantt MeLisa A. , Dadds Stephanie , Burns Debra S. , Glaser Dale , Moore Angelo D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess the efficacy of embedded theta brainwave frequency in music using binaural beat technology (BBT) compared to music alone on the cardiovascular stress response in military service members with postdeployment stress.DesignA double‐blinded, randomized, pre‐ and postintervention trial.MethodsSeventy‐four military services members with complaint of postdeployment stress were randomized to either music with BBT or music alone. Each group listened to their respective intervention for a minimum of 30 min at bedtime for three consecutive nights a week for a total of 4 weeks. A 20‐min pre‐ and postintervention heart rate variability (HRV) stress test and daily perceived stress via diaries assessed intervention efficacy.FindingsThere was a statistical difference (p = .01) in low‐frequency HRV between the music with BBT group compared to the music only group. The average low‐frequency HRV decreased in the music with BBT group 2.5 ms2/Hz, while in the music only group it increased 7.99 ms2/Hz. There was also a significant difference (p = .01) in the high‐frequency HRV measures, with the music with BBT group showing an increase in HRV by 2.5 ms2/Hz compared to the music only group, which decreased by 7.64 ms2/Hz. There were significant (p = .01) differences found in total power measures, with the music only group decreasing by 1,113.64 ms2/Hz compared to 26.68 ms2/Hz for the music with BBT group. Finally, daily diaries consistently showed that participants who used BBT reported less stress over the course of the 4 weeks.ConclusionsWhen placed under an acute stressor, participants who used music with embedded BBT showed a decrease in sympathetic responses and an increase in parasympathetic responses, while participants who used music alone had the opposite effect.Clinical RelevanceThe use of BBT in the theta brainwave frequency embedded into music decreases physical and psychological indications of stress. BBT embedded with beta and delta frequencies may improve cognitive functioning and sleep quality, respectively.
Exploring the knowledge, attitudes and needs of advance care planning in older Chinese Australians
Authors: Yap Sok Shin , Chen Karren , Detering Karen M , Fraser Scott A 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify factors that influence the engagement of Chinese Australians with advance care planning.BackgroundDespite the benefits of advance care planning, there is a low prevalence of advance care planning in the Chinese Australian community. Reasons for this are often cited as cultural considerations and taboos surrounding future medical planning and death; however, other logistical factors may also be important.DesignThis qualitative study used a thematic analysis grounded theory approach to explore facilitators and barriers to engagement in advance care planning.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted in‐language (Mandarin or Cantonese) exploring the views of a purposive sample of 30 community‐dwelling older Chinese Australians within Victoria, Australia.ResultsThree key themes were identified: knowledge of, attitudes towards and needs for undertaking advance care planning amongst the Chinese Australians. There was a low awareness of advance care planning amongst the participants and some confusion regarding the concept. Most participants reported positive attitudes towards advance care planning but acknowledged that others may be uncomfortable discussing death‐related topics. Participants would want to know the true status of their health and plan ahead in consultation with family members to reduce the burden on the family and suffering for themselves. Language was identified as the largest barrier to overcome to increase advance care planning awareness. In‐language materials and key support networks including GPs, family and Chinese community groups were identified as ideal forums for the promotion of advance care planning.ConclusionsThe participants of this study were open to conversations regarding future medical planning and end‐of‐life care, suggesting the low uptake of advance care planning amongst Chinese Australians is not culturally motivated but may be due a lack of knowledge relating to advance care planning.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results highlight the need to provide access to appropriate in‐language advance care planning resources and promotion of advance care planning across the Chinese community.