bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of certain strawberry genotypes for breeding of new cultivars tolerant to leaf diseases based on their combining ability
Authors: Masny Agnieszka , Masny Sylwester , Żurawicz Edward , Pruski Kris , Mądry Wiesław 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to estimate the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) of 13 dessert strawberry cultivars: ‘Figaro’, ‘Salsa’, ‘Palomar’, ‘Granda’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Elianny’, ‘Aromas’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Portola’, ‘Charlotte’, ‘San Andreas’, ‘Monterey’ and ‘Albion’ for tolerance to the major leaf diseases strawberry leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lindau), leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana (Ell. & Ev.) Wolf) and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis (Wallr.) U. Braun). The crossing programme was performed in the winter of 2010/2011 in the glasshouse following a half-diallel cross mating design (Griffing’s method IV). Progenies of the 78 newly obtained families were evaluated in field conditions (randomized complete block design, 4 replicates, 15 plants per plot). Observations of the severity of plant infection with leaf spot, leaf scorch and powdery mildew were recorded from 2011 to 2013. Statistical analysis of data was performed according to Griffing’s fixed model. The most numerous significant and positive GCA effects were estimated for cv.‘Salsa’ for low plant susceptibility (tolerance) to all three diseases assessed. High GCA effects were also showed for cvs ‘Figaro’ and ‘San Andreas’—for low plant susceptibility to leaf spot and leaf scorch, and for cv.‘Diamante’—for low plant susceptibility to leaf spot and powdery mildew. Lower breeding values for the estimated traits were observed with cv.‘Camarosa’—for low susceptibility to leaf spot; with cvs ‘Palomar’ and ‘Granda’—for low plant susceptibility to leaf scorch, and with cvs ‘Monterey’, ‘Portola’ and ‘Charlotte’—for low plant susceptibility to powdery mildew. The lowest GCA effects for low plant susceptibility to the all three leaf diseases tested were observed with cv.‘Albion’. High usefulness for breeding new, resistant varieties has also been observed in the combination ‘Aromas’ × ‘Elianny’, which has significantly negative SCA effects for the susceptibility of plants to both strawberry leaf spot and leaf scorch.
Psychological Distress, Anxiety, and Depression of Cancer‐Affected BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: a Systematic Review
Authors: Ringwald Johanna , Wochnowski Christina , Bosse Kristin , Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Schäffeler Norbert , Zipfel Stephan , Teufel Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the intermediate‐ and long‐term psychological consequences of genetic testing for cancer patients has led to encouraging research, but a clear consensus of the psychosocial impact and clinical routine for cancer‐affected BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers is still missing. We performed a systematic review of intermediate‐ and long‐term studies investigating the psychological impact like psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in cancer‐affected BRCA mutation carriers compared to unaffected mutation carriers. This review included the screening of 1243 studies. Eight intermediate‐ and long‐term studies focusing on distress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among cancer‐affected mutation carriers at least six months after the disclosure of genetic testing results were included. Studies reported a great variety of designs, methods, and patient outcomes. We found evidence indicating that cancer‐affected mutation carriers experienced a negative effect in relation to psychological well‐being in terms of an increase in symptoms of distress, anxiety, and depression in the first months after test disclosure. In the intermediate‐ and long‐term, no significant clinical relevant symptoms occurred. However, none of the included studies used specific measurements, which can clearly identify psychological burdens of cancer‐affected mutation carriers. We concluded that current well‐implemented distress screening instruments are not sufficient for precisely identifying the psychological burden of genetic testing. Therefore, future studies should implement coping strategies, specific personality structures, the impact of genetic testing, supportive care needs and disease management behaviour to clearly screen for the possible intermediate‐ and long‐term psychological impact of a positive test disclosure.
Evolution of Fe Bearing Intermetallics During DC Casting and Homogenization of an Al-Mg-Si Al Alloy
Authors: Kumar S. , Grant P. S. , O’Reilly K. A. Q. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The evolution of iron (Fe) bearing intermetallics (Fe-IMCs) during direct chill casting and homogenization of a grain-refined 6063 aluminum-magnesium-silicon (Al-Mg-Si) alloy has been studied. The as-cast and homogenized microstructure contained Fe-IMCs at the grain boundaries and within Al grains. The
primary α-Al grain size, α-Al dendritic arm spacing, IMC particle size, and IMC three-dimensional (3D) inter-connectivity increased from the edge to the center of the as-cast billet; both α
c-AlFeSi and β-AlFeSi Fe-IMCs were identified, and overall α
c-AlFeSi was predominant. For the first time in industrial billets, the different Fe-rich IMCs have been characterized into types based on their 3D chemistry and morphology. Additionally, the role of β-AlFeSi in nucleating Mg2Si particles has been identified. After homogenization, α
c-AlFeSi predominated across the entire billet cross section, with marked changes in the 3D morphology and strong reductions in inter-connectivity, both supporting a recovery in alloy ductility.
Beef Fat Enriched with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products Improves Insulin Sensitivity Without Altering Dyslipidemia in Insulin Resistant JCR:LA‐cp Rats
Authors: Diane Abdoulaye , Borthwick Faye , Mapiye Cletos , Vahmani Payam , David Rolland C. , Vine Donna F. , Dugan Michael E. R. , Proctor Spencer D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe main dietary sources of trans fatty acids are partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), and products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation (PUFA‐BHP) in ruminants. Trans fatty acid intake has historically been associated with negative effects on health, generating an anti‐trans fat campaign to reduce their consumption. The profiles and effects on health of PHVO and PUFA‐BHP can, however, be quite different. Dairy products naturally enriched with vaccenic and rumenic acids have many purported health benefits, but the putative benefits of beef fat naturally enriched with PUFA‐BHP have not been investigated. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of beef peri‐renal fat (PRF) with differing enrichments of PUFA‐BHP on lipid and insulin metabolism in a rodent model of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (JCR:LA‐cp rat). The results showed that 6 weeks of diet supplementation with beef PRF naturally enriched due to flaxseed (FS‐PRF) or sunflower‐seed (SS‐PRF) feeding to cattle significantly improved plasma fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, postprandial insulin levels (only in the FS‐PRF) without altering dyslipidemia. Moreover, FS‐PRF but not SS‐PRF attenuated adipose tissue accumulation. Therefore, enhancing levels of PUFA‐BHP in beef PRF with FS feeding may be a useful approach to maximize the health‐conferring value of beef‐derived fats.
REVITALISE: A Large Observational Study Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of Vardenafil in Men With Erectile Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Shabsigh Ridwan , Mattern Andreas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent in men with metabolic syndrome (MetS); therefore, it is important to characterize ED treatments in this population.

Aims
To investigate the safety and effectiveness of vardenafil in men with ED and MetS in a clinical setting.

Methods
REVITALISE is an international, prospective, single-arm, observational study in men with ED and MetS newly prescribed vardenafil. Vardenafil was prescribed at the discretion of the treating physician in line with the marketing authorization. Treatment effectiveness (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]) and health-related quality of life (Aging Males' Symptoms Scale) were assessed at treatment initiation, at an optional dose adjustment visit after approximately 4 weeks, and at the end of the observation period (approximately 12 weeks).

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome was an intraindividual improvement in erectile function (EF), defined as an increase of at least four points in the EF domain of the IIEF. Secondary outcomes included assessing normal EF (IIEF-EF score ≥ 26), mild ED (IIEF-EF score = 22–25), and health-related quality of life. Treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored.

Results
In the intent-to-treat population (n = 1,832, mean age = 54.0 years, mean body mass index = 31.82 kg/m2, Asian 36.8%, white 49.9%, 20.4% with severe ED, 75.6% with mild or moderate ED, 4.0% without ED), 82.4% reported an increase of at least four points in IIEF-EF score. Median IIEF-EF score increased from 15.0 (baseline) to 25.0 at 12 weeks (P &lt; .0001). After treatment, 45.4% and 29.4% (intent-to-treat population) had normal EF and mild ED, respectively. Improvements in the sexual, psychological, and somatic subscales of the Aging Males' Symptoms Scale were found (P &lt; .0001). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 7.19% of patients; there were no serious adverse events related to vardenafil.

Conclusion
In a clinical setting, men with ED and MetS treated with vardenafil reported improvements in EF and health-related quality of life; and the safety profile of vardenafil was acceptable. REVITALISE demonstrates that vardenafil represents a good treatment option for men with ED and MetS.
An Agent-Based Model for Addressing the Impact of a Disaster on Access to Primary Care Services
Authors: Guclu Hasan , Kumar Supriya , Galloway David , Krauland Mary , Sood Rishi , Bocour Angelica , Hershey Tina Batra , van Nostrand Elizabeth , Potter Margaret 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveHurricane Sandy in the Rockaways, Queens, forced residents to evacuate and primary care providers to close or curtail operations. A large deficit in primary care access was apparent in the immediate aftermath of the storm. Our objective was to build a computational model to aid responders in planning to situate primary care services in a disaster-affected area.MethodsUsing an agent-based modeling platform, HAZEL, we simulated the Rockaways population, its evacuation behavior, and primary care providers’ availability in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Data sources for this model included post-storm and community health surveys from New York City, a survey of the Rockaways primary care providers, and research literature. The model then tested geospatially specific interventions to address storm-related access deficits.ResultsThe model revealed that areas of high primary care access deficit were concentrated in the eastern part of the Rockaways. Placing mobile health clinics in the most populous census tracts reduced the access deficit significantly, whereas increasing providers’ capacity by 50% reduced the deficit to a lesser degree.ConclusionsAn agent-based model may be a useful tool to have in place so that policy makers can conduct scenario-based analyses to plan interventions optimally in the event of a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:386–393)
The admissibility domain of rarefaction shock waves in the near-critical vapour–liquid equilibrium region of pure typical fluids
Authors: Nannan Nawin R. , Sirianni Corrado , Mathijssen Tiemo , Guardone Alberto , Colonna Piero 
Published: April 2016

Application of the scaled fundamental equation of state of Balfour et al. (Phys. Lett. A, vol. 65, 1978, pp. 223–225) based upon universal critical exponents, demonstrates that there exists a bounded thermodynamic domain, located within the vapour–liquid equilibrium region and close to the critical point, featuring so-called negative nonlinearity. As a consequence, rarefaction shock waves with phase transition are physically admissible in a limited two-phase region in the close proximity of the liquid–vapour critical point. The boundaries of the admissibility region of rarefaction shock waves are identified from first-principle conservation laws governing compressible flows, complemented with the scaled fundamental equations. The exemplary substances considered here are methane, ethylene and carbon dioxide. Nonetheless, the results are arguably valid in the near-critical state of any common fluid, namely any fluid whose molecular interactions are governed by short-range forces conforming to three-dimensional Ising-like systems, including, e.g. water. Computed results yield experimentally feasible admissible rarefaction shock waves generating a drop in pressure from 1 to 6 bar and pre-shock Mach numbers exceeding 1.5.
Dynamics of buoyancy-driven flows at moderately high Atwood numbers
Authors: Akula Bhanesh , Ranjan Devesh 
Published: April 2016

Simultaneous density and velocity turbulence statistics for Rayleigh–Taylor-driven flows at a moderately high Atwood number ($A_{t}$) of$0.73\pm 0.02$are obtained using a new convective type or statistically steady gas tunnel facility. Air and air–helium mixture are used as working fluids to create a density difference in this facility, with a thin splitter plate separating the two streams flowing parallel to each other at the same velocity ($U=3~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$). At the end of the splitter plate, the two miscible fluids are allowed to mix and the instability develops. Visualization and Mie-scattering techniques are used to obtain structure shape, volume fraction profile and mixing height growth information. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and hot-wire techniques are used to measure planar and point-wise velocity statistics in the developing mixing layer. Asymmetry is evident in the flow field from the Mie-scattering images, with the spike side showing a more gradual decline in volume fraction than the bubble side. The spike side of the mixing layer grows 50 % faster than the bubble side. PIV is implemented for the first time in these moderately high-Atwood-number experiments ($A_{t}>0.1$) to obtain root-mean-square velocities, anisotropy tensor components and Reynolds stresses across the mixing layer. Overall, the turbulence statistics measured have shown different scaling compared to small-Atwood-number experiments. However, the total probability density functions for the velocities and turbulent mass fluxes exhibit behaviour similar to small-Atwood-number experiments. Conditional statistics reveal different values for turbulence statistics for spikes and bubbles, unlike small-Atwood-number experiments.
Comparison of Three Statistical Classification Techniques for Maser Identification
Authors: Manning Ellen M. , Holland Barbara R. , Ellingsen Simon P. , Breen Shari L. , Chen Xi , Humphries Melissa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe applied three statistical classification techniques—linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression, and random forests—to three astronomical datasets associated with searches for interstellar masers. We compared the performance of these methods in identifying whether specific mid-infrared or millimetre continuum sources are likely to have associated interstellar masers. We also discuss the interpretability of the results of each classification technique. Non-parametric methods have the potential to make accurate predictions when there are complex relationships between critical parameters. We found that for the small datasets the parametric methods logistic regression and LDA performed best, for the largest dataset the non-parametric method of random forests performed with comparable accuracy to parametric techniques, rather than any significant improvement. This suggests that at least for the specific examples investigated here accuracy of the predictions obtained is not being limited by the use of parametric models. We also found that for LDA, transformation of the data to match a normal distribution led to a significant improvement in accuracy. The different classification techniques had significant overlap in their predictions; further astronomical observations will enable the accuracy of these predictions to be tested.
WHY IS VALERIUS FLACCUS A QUINDECIMVIR?
Authors: Tatum W. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

‘Valerius Flaccus knows how to write with elegant precision.’ – R. Syme, Tacitus (Oxford, 1958), 89.Phoebe, mone, si Cumaeae mihi conscia uatis 5stat casta cortina domo, si laurea dignafronte uiret …In these lines, as critics have long recognized, resides evidence for identifying Valerius Flaccus as a quindecimuir sacris faciundis. Emphasis is placed on the tripod emblematic of this sacred office which is here intimately associated with expertise in the oracular communications of the Cumaean Sibyl. The libri Sibyllini, the supervision and interpretation of which were amongst the earliest and most conspicuous of the XVuiri's responsibilities, could be traced to the Sibyl at Cumae (Lactant. Div. inst. 1.6.10-11, citing Varro, even if this connection was less than the entire story from a strictly historical perspective). Wreathes, too, formed part of the XVuir's equipment, and of course during the Imperial period the Sibylline books were deposited in the Temple of Apollo on the Palatine. In little more than two lines, then, one finds an abundance of references that cannot fail to fashion this addressee of Apollo as a quindecimvir.
Do differences in Toxoplasma prevalence influence global variation in secondary sex ratio? Preliminary ecological regression study
Authors: DAMA MADHUKAR S. , MARTINEC NOVÁKOVÁ LENKA , FLEGR JAROSLAV 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYSex of the fetus is genetically determined such that an equal number of sons and daughters are born in large populations. However, the ratio of female to male births across human populations varies significantly. Many factors have been implicated in this. The theory that natural selection should favour female offspring under suboptimal environmental conditions implies that pathogens may affect secondary sex ratio (ratio of male to female births). Using regression models containing 13 potential confounding factors, we have found that variation of the secondary sex ratio can be predicted by seroprevalence of Toxoplasma across 94 populations distributed across African, American, Asian and European continents. Toxoplasma seroprevalence was the third strongest predictor of secondary sex ratio, β = −0·097, P < 0·01, after son preference, β = 0·261, P < 0·05, and fertility, β = −0·145, P < 0·001. Our preliminary results suggest that Toxoplasma gondii infection could be one of the most important environmental factors influencing the global variation of offspring sex ratio in humans. The effect of latent toxoplasmosis on public health could be much more serious than it is usually supposed to be.
‘Enough is Enough’: songs and messages about alcohol in remote Central Australia
Authors: Carfoot Gavin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article examines some of the ways in which Australia's First Peoples have responded to serious community health concerns about alcohol through the medium of popular music. The writing, performing and recording of popular songs about alcohol provide an important example of community-led responses to health issues, and the effectiveness of music in communicating stories and messages about alcohol has been recognised through various government-funded recording projects. This article describes some of these issues in remote Australian Aboriginal communities, exploring a number of complexities that arise through arts-based ‘instrumentalist’ approaches to social and health issues. It draws on the author's own experience and collaborative work with Aboriginal musicians in Tennant Creek, a remote town in Australia's Northern Territory.
Temperance battle songs: the musical war against alcohol
Authors: McAllister Annemarie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn common with similar popular pressure groups, the temperance movement needed to inspire, to inform and to integrate its members, and music was a vital tool to fulfil these functions. This article explores temperance music, particularly songs, performed in a range of contexts from concerts of 15,000 voices to the individual use of material produced in songbooks and periodicals. The tonic sol-fa movement grew symbiotically with the drive for temperance and, with developments in printing and distribution, this musical technology enabled the effective spreading of the temperance message through activity and entertainment. A case study of songs for children reveals that, predictably, songs were informed by religion to some extent and acted as vehicles for propaganda, instilling principles and offering guidance. However, many were more martial and encouraged children to act as agents. Temperance songs were not merely instructive; many were designed to rouse the singer – and hearer – into action.
‘I'm there to play music not break up fights': gigging entertainers’ experiences of alcohol-related misbehaviour by audiences and its impact on performance
Authors: Forsyth Alasdair , Lennox Jemma C. , Cloonan Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite the fact that drinking and music often share a space, the relationship between alcohol-related misbehaviour and live music has received little academic attention. Music has been demonstrated to influence drinking behaviour and entertainers have been observed influencing (‘soft-policing’) drunken misbehaviour by audiences. However, to date research has not given voice to those providing this musical entertainment. Are they aware of the effects they have on audiences' drinking behaviour and does this impact on performances? Our qualitative research fills this lacuna by drawing on the experiences of gigging entertainers to explore how they deal with intoxicated audiences. Interviews conducted as part of this research highlighted a lack of preparation on the part of performers for dealing with disorderly crowds and/or the unwanted attentions of drunken individuals; they usually have to learn appropriate responses ‘on the job’. Success as a gigging entertainer was felt to be only partly founded upon artistic merit, with an ability to engage the (often inebriated) public being equally important. Although none had received formal training in alcohol issues as musicians, some utilised people skills (e.g. conflict resolution techniques) acquired via other employment. The authors ask if there is a place for training in alcohol-related issues to be offered by or integrated into music curriculums.