bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adolescent presentations to a children's hospital emergency department
Authors: Batra Shweta , Ng Elaine Yu Ching , Foo Feng , Noori Omar , McCaskill Mary , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes of older adolescents, aged 16–19 years, presenting to a paediatric ED.MethodsA retrospective review of total ED presentations by older adolescents to a tertiary paediatric hospital between 2010 and 2012, inclusive, was undertaken to determine if behavioural or mental health problems were common.ResultsA total of 1184 ED presentations by 730 older adolescents were identified. Injury and abdominal pain were the most common complaints for presentations by older adolescents to the ED. The median length of stay in ED was 241 (range: 0–3873) min. More than 60% of the older adolescent ED presentations were triaged urgent or semi‐urgent, and 39% of all these presentations resulted in hospital admission. Two‐thirds of these older adolescents had a chronic illness, which accounted for 77% of all ED presentations by older adolescents. The history of chronic illness was considered related or relevant in the evaluation and management of over 80% of older adolescents. Of all the ED presentations by older adolescents with chronic illness, only one quarter had transition planning documentation.ConclusionsA high prevalence of chronic illness was found in older adolescents attending the paediatric ED. There was no evidence that behavioural and mental health issues dominated. These findings reflect admission policy.
An unusual case of osteoid osteoma occurring simultaneously with an ameloblastoma: a case report
Authors: Martin L. , Kennedy G. , Thorne L. , Ayliffe P. , Speight P.M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDual pathology of head and neck lesions is well reported in patients with syndromes; however, only one previous case of an odontogenic tumour associated with a benign bone lesion can be found. Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign osteogenic tumour of unknown aetiology, commonly affecting the long bones of males, rarely occurring in the head and neck. This case report reviews an adolescent presenting with an ameloblastoma and an unsuspected additional bony lesion, subsequently diagnosed as osteoid osteoma. This report demonstrates not only unusual clinical presentation occurring within a non‐syndromic patient but also highlights the importance of vigilance in clinical and radiographic examination.
Modeling world Englishes from the perspective of language contact
Authors: ONYSKO ALEXANDER 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTResearch into world Englishes has continued to expand and diversify since the publication of foundational studies in the late 1970s and early 1980s. From then on, the question of how to model the plurality of Englishes has inspired a range of answers given in different theoretical models. After tracing some of the major approaches to classifying the diversity of Englishes in the world, this paper explores the notion of language contact as an underlying mechanism for all Englishes. A model of language contact is developed, which forms the background for proposing the Language Contact Typology (LCT) of world Englishes. The LCT offers a new way of categorizing Englishes, providing an alternative framing to existing models in the field. It also bears some implications on the controversial notion of ‘native speaker’ in the world Englishes paradigm.
Perceptions of a campus-wide condom distribution programme: An exploratory study
Authors: Francis Diane B , Noar Seth M , Widman Laura , Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Sanchez Diana M , Garrett Kyla P 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Condom distribution programmes are an important means of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs); yet little research has examined their perceived and actual impact on college campuses. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting: Large public university in the Southeastern USA. Method: Approximately 2 months after a campus-wide condom distribution programme began, we utilised intercept surveys with 355 students (68% women; 43% racial/ethnic minorities) to examine their perceptions of the availability, accessibility and acceptability of condoms, and their perceptions and use of the newly installed condom dispensers. Results: Students perceived condoms to be available and accessible on campus after implementation of the condom dispensers. Students had heard about the dispensers from other people (36%), through social media (18%) and the campus newspaper (15%). Most students (71%) had seen the dispensers. Almost one in four students (23%) had taken a condom from the dispensers; among those who were sexually active during the 2 months that the dispensers were available, 33% had used them. More than one-third of students (37%) – and 53% of sexually active students – indicated intentions to use the dispensers in the next 6 months. Multiple regression analysis controlling for age, gender and race revealed that prior condom use, attitudes about the dispensers and comfort with the dispensers were significant predictors of sexually active students’ intentions to use the dispensers ( p < .001). Conclusion: Overall, results indicate that over a short time period, this condom distribution programme was successful in reaching students and providing free condoms. Implications for implementing condom distribution programmes on college campuses as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Stress-strain characterization and damage modeling of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites with vinylester matrix
Authors: Hund Jonas , Leppin Christian , Böhlke Thomas , Rothe Jan 
Published: May 2016

Beyond a certain loading threshold, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites with vinylester matrix can show considerably nonlinear deformation behavior due to damage of the matrix material. To model such nonlinear deformation properties, we follow the approach of a fully anisotropic damage model suggested by Govindjee et al. (Govindjee S, Kay GJ and Simo JC. Anisotropic modelling and numerical simulation of brittle damage in concrete. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1995; 38(21): 3611–3633). In addition, the inter-fiber fracture criterion introduced by Puck (Puck A. Festigkeitsanalyse von Faser-Matrix-Laminaten: Modelle für die Praxis. München, Germany: Hanser Fachbuchverlag, 1996) is used for the damage function that defines the damage initiation and the material strength. A particular procedure is chosen to identify the material properties to validate the model: three glass-fiber-reinforced polymer laminates with different layups are tested in tension under different loading orientations, assuming laminate theory to be reasonably well fulfilled. Finally, further experiments are compared with corresponding simulation results to demonstrate the performance of the model.
High-flow oxygen therapy for treatment of acute migraine: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Singhal Aneesh B , Maas Matthew B , Goldstein Joshua N , Mills Brittany B , Chen David W , Ayata Cenk , Kacmarek Robert M , Topcuoglu Mehmet A 
Published: May 2016

Background Impaired oxygen utilization and cerebrovascular dysfunction are implicated in migraine. High-flow oxygen is effective in cluster headache and has shown promise in animal models of migraine, but has not been adequately studied in patients with migraine. Methods In this randomized, crossover-design, placebo-controlled trial, adult migraineurs self-administered high-flow oxygen or medical air at 10–15 l/min via face mask in blinded fashion starting soon after symptom onset for 30 minutes, for a total of four migraine attacks. Participants recorded the severity of headache, nausea, and visual symptoms on visual analog scales periodically up to 60 minutes. Results We enrolled 22 individuals (mean age 36 years, 20 women) who self-treated 64 migraine attacks (33 oxygen, 31 air). The pre-specified primary endpoint (mean decrease in pain score from baseline to 30 minutes) was 1.38 ± 1.42 in oxygen-treated and 1.22 ± 1.61 in air-treated attacks ( p = 0.674). Oxygen therapy resulted in relief (severity score 0–1) of pain (24% versus 6%, p = 0.05), nausea (42% versus 23%, p = 0.08) and visual symptoms (36% versus 7%, p = 0.004) at 60 minutes. Exploratory analysis showed that in moderately severe attacks (baseline pain score <6), pain relief was achieved in six of 13 (46%) oxygen versus one of 15 (7%) air ( p = 0.02). Gas therapy was used per protocol in 91% of attacks. There were no significant adverse events. Conclusion High-flow oxygen may be a feasible and safe strategy to treat acute migraine. Further studies are required to determine if this relatively inexpensive, widely available treatment can be used as an adjunct or alternative migraine therapy.
Policy and identity change in youth social work: From social-interventionist to neoliberal policy paradigms
Authors: Vitus Kathrine 
Published: May 2016

Summary This article analyses – by drawing on ideology critical and psychoanalytical concepts from Slavoj Žižek and Glynos et al. – how political, social and fantasmatic logics interplay and form social workers’ professional identities within two youth social work institutions that operate within different social policy paradigms: a social-interventionist paradigm in 2002 and a neoliberal paradigm in 2010. Findings The article shows how the current neoliberalisation of public policy permeates social work practices through fantasmatic narratives that create professional identities to heal discrepancies in and conceal the political dimension of everyday life. In one institution, within a welfare state-based ideology a compensating-including social professional identity is created in response to the young people’s alleged deficiencies; in the other institution, within a neoliberal ideology a mobilising-motivating identity is created to meet the young people’s alleged excess. In both narratives, however, the young people risk bearing the blame for the failure of the social professional project. Applications Fantasies in both institutions conceal how social workers’ professional identities sustain dominant ideology through dislocating uncertainties, ambiguities and ambivalences implicated in professional social work. Whether rooted in the state-based welfare or market-oriented neoliberal policy paradigms, realisation of these dynamics may expose the basic interdependencies of state, civil society and market actors implicated in the project of professional social work.
El pensamiento geográfico en la percepción de riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos extremos: estudio de caso Mariel, Cuba
Authors: Bayón-Martínez Pablo 
Published: May 2016

Los fundamentos y avances geográficos en el análisis de la percepción de los riesgos ambientales, en tanto proceso construido social y culturalmente, ponen de manifiesto las profundas interconexiones entre los sistemas socioeconómico, político, ambiental y cultural, generados en una región o comunidad, articulando diversidad de unidades geoespaciales (ambientales). El artículo refiere estudio de caso que revela el significado del conocimiento geográfico de los entornos de vida cotidiana del sujeto (individual y colectivo), para identificación de vulnerabilidades sociogeográficas, en aras de la minimización de riesgos hidrometeorológicos extremos, lo que aporta a las metodologías de estudios (de percepción) en fase de elaboración y perfeccionamiento en Cuba. ABSTRACT The geographic fundamentals and advances in the analysis of the perception of environmental risks, in socially and culturally developed processes, evidence the deep interconnections amongst socioeconomic, political, environmental and cultural systems generated in a region or community, thus articulating the diversity of the geospatial (environmental) units. This paper refers to a case study that reveals the meaning of geographical knowledge about the environment of daily life (individual and collective) in order to identify socio-geographic vulnerabilities in order to minimize extreme hydrometeorological hazards, which helps developing methodologies of study (perception) at the preparation and improvement stage in Cuba
Evaluación de la cobertura boscosa en Costa Rica: un análisis a nivel de áreas de conservación en el año 2000
Authors: Morera-Beita Carlos , Sandoval Luis Fernando 
Published: May 2016

Durante los últimos años, la geografía ha presentado un desarrollo, especialmente en aspectos ambientales, producto del crecimiento de las aplicaciones tecnológicas, lo cual ha expandido vertiginosamente el conocimiento geográfico. Dentro de los temas abordados en esta tendencia se encuentran las investigaciones sobre coberturas de la tierra, los cuales presentan un mayor detalle facilitando el monitoreo de los ecosistemas, tan relevante en estos tiempos de variabilidad y cambios climáticos acelerados. Este artículo analiza la distribución de la cobertura boscosa de Costa Rica para el año 2000, utilizando imágenes Landsat. Se evidencia la presencia de una alta proporción de la cobertura boscosa, especialmente de baja densidad que es producto de proceso acelerado de regeneración natural, especialmente en algunas regiones, lo cual se relaciona con los cambios en el modelo económico que se ha orientado al sector servicio en detrimento de las actividades agro-pastoriles así como algunos factores ecológicos que facilitan la regeneración en ecosistemas tropicales. Esta investigación evidencia una reducida superficie de la cobertura boscosa de alta densidad por región de conservación en comparación con la de baja densidad; sin embargo, prevalece la presencia de fragmentos de bosque denso con un tamaño medio relativamente alto, los cuales son adecuados para su conservación ecológica. ABSTRACT Over the past years, geography has faced a dizzying development related to environmental concerns facing today’s society. This is facilitated by the development of technological applications, which has expanded the geographical knowledge. Topics addressed within this trend include research on land use, which present detailed information and facilitate the monitoring of ecosystems, which is highly relevant in these days of accelerated climate change. This article analyzes the forest cover in Costa Rica during 2000, using Landsat images. Conservation areas as ecological regions that facilitate the analysis at this level are used in order to identify the local differences of the forest distribution. It is concluded that the country presents a high proportion of the forest cover especially of the low-density one that results from an accelerated process of natural regeneration, especially in some regions. This is related to changes in the economic model that has been oriented to the sector service to the detriment of agro-pastoral activities detriment as well as ecological factors that facilitate regeneration in tropical ecosystems. This research evidenced a reduced area of high-density forest cover by conservation region in comparison to the low-density one. However, the presence of fragments of dense forest with a medium to high surface -which are suitable for ecological conservation, prevails.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Daviaud Sophie 
Published: May 2016

Cet article s’intéresse au processus de démobilisation des groupes paramilitaires colombiens engagé en 2003 par le gouvernement d’Alvaro Uribe Vélez et qui a abouti au désarmement de plus de 31 000 combattants début 2006. Il montre que les effets à court terme de ce processus sont indéniables (baisse générale du niveau de violence et réduction des violations des droits de l’homme). Il cherche surtout à expliquer les difficultés qui apparaissent dès maintenant et qui compromettent le processus à long terme. Différents types d’hypothèses sont explorées : « habitus guerrier » des paramilitaires qui les rendrait incapables de faire autre chose que la guerre ou encore « brutalisation » de la société colombienne. Mais l’émergence de nouveaux groupes armés et les phénomènes de recomposition d’anciens groupes s’expliquent surtout par la permanence des réseaux du narcotrafic en Colombie. Finalement, ce que révèle l’échec du processus de DDR (Désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion) est l’irrigation de la société et du système politique par le paramilitarisme. Or, le processus de DDR a fait abstraction des structures sociales et politiques sur lesquelles s’appuie ce phénomène.
Emerging Role and Characterization of Immunometabolism: Relevance to HIV Pathogenesis, Serious Non-AIDS Events, and a Cure
Authors: Palmer Clovis S. , Henstridge Darren C. , Yu Di , Singh Amit , Balderson Brad , Duette Gabriel , Cherry Catherine L. , Anzinger Joshua J. , Ostrowski Matias , Crowe Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Immune cells cycle between a resting and an activated state. Their metabolism is tightly linked to their activation status and, consequently, functions. Ag recognition induces T lymphocyte activation and proliferation and acquisition of effector functions that require and depend on cellular metabolic reprogramming. Likewise, recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by monocytes and macrophages induces changes in cellular metabolism. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses manipulate the metabolism of infected cells to meet their structural and functional requirements. For example, HIV-induced changes in immune cell metabolism and redox state are associated with CD4+ T cell depletion, immune activation, and inflammation. In this review, we highlight how HIV modifies immunometabolism with potential implications for cure research and pathogenesis of comorbidities observed in HIV-infected patients, including those with virologic suppression. In addition, we highlight recently described key methods that can be applied to study the metabolic dysregulation of immune cells in disease states.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of 1H,ωH‐1‐Iodoperfluoro‐1‐alkenes.
Authors: YAMANAKA H. , ARAKI T. , KUWABARA M. , FUKUNISHI K. , NOMURA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe monoiodopolyfluoroalkanes (I) are dehydrofluorinated with bases, yielding the alkenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Ketene Dithioacetal S,S‐Dioxides with Sodium Borohydride and Its Application to a Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl Arylmethyl Ketones.
Authors: OGURA K. , OHTSUKI K. , TAKAHASHI K. , IIDA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aromatic aldehydes (I) react with the methylthiosulfone (II) to produce the S‐substituted styrenes (III) which are reduced, yielding the arylethenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of the 1‐Cyclobutenyltriphenylphosphonium Salt. Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2‐Difunctionalized Cyclobutanes.
Authors: MINAMI T. , HARUI N. , TANIGUCHI Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,2‐bis(ylidene)cyclobutanes is described and the reactions of these compounds are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Mesomorphous Properties of Aryl 5‐Alkyl(alkoxy)pyrimidine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: MIKHALEVA M. A. , SAVEL'EV V. A. , PAVLYUCHENKO A. I. , GREBENKIN M. F. , MAMAEV V. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acetals (I) are transformed into the dimethylaminoacroleines (II) by reaction with a Vilsmeier complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of Benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2‐b)thiophene. Part 4. Synthesis of 1‐(9,10‐Dihydro‐4H‐benzo(4,5)cyclohepta(1,2‐b)thiophen‐4‐yl)‐3‐ alkylaminoazetidines.
Authors: JIMENEZ A. , VEGA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe amine (I) reacts with epichlorohydrine (II), producing (III) which is cyclized on heating to form the azetidinol (IV), together with the substitution product (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of C‐H Bonds with Intermediates Produced by Mild Thermal and Photochemical Decomposition of the Metallacycle (η5‐C5Me5)Ir(C(p‐ClC6H4)=NOC(=O))(CO) in Hydrocarbon Solvents.
Authors: CHETCUTI P. A. , HAWTHORNE M. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thermolysis of the precursor metallacycle (I) would be expected to generate the 16‐electron four‐coordinate species "Ir(CO)(η5‐C5Me5)".
ChemInform Abstract: ESR and Optical Spectroscopic Studies on Cu2+ and Co2+ in Cs2(Zn(N3)4)
Authors: NEISSL W. , FRITZER H. P. , BEARDWOOD P. , GIBSON J. F. , FLINT C. D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract(containing up to 0.2 mol% Cu2+ or Co2+).
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroelectrochemical Study of the Corrosion of a Copper Electrode in Deaerated 1.0 M HCl Solutions Containing Fe(III). Effect of the Corrosion Inhibitor Benzotriazole.
Authors: DA COSTA S. L. F. A. , RUBIM J. C. , AGOSTINHO S. M. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWeight‐loss experiments using a rotating disk electrode for which the transport conditions are well established indicate that the corrosion process occurring at the Cu‐electrode in HCl/Fe(III) solutions is controlled by transport of Fe3+ to the electrode surface both in the absence and presence of benzotriazole (BTAH).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Hydrous Zirconium(IV) Oxide Ion Exchanger. Part 1. Ion‐Exchange Properties and Effect of Heat Treatment.
Authors: INOUE Y. , YAMAZAKI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ion exchanger has been prepared by hydrolysis of a ZrOCl2 solution at pH 9.3 by aqueous NH3 and the reproducibility of this procedure yielding an amphoteric ion exchanger with an isoelectric point close to pH 6.5 is confirmed.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Dissociation of NH3·BH3.
Authors: SIT V. , GEANANGEL R. A. , WENDLANDT W. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the course of attempts to optimize the synthesis of (NH2BH2)x by thermal decomposition of NH3·BH3 the DTA curves for NH3·BH3 which better define the chemical steps in the decomposition reaction are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium and Cesium Hexaperchloratocerates(IV).
Authors: SKOGAREVA L. S. , BABAEVA V. P. , ROSOLOVSKII V. YA. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds M2(Ce(ClO4)6) (M: NH4, Cs) are obtained for the first time by reacting M2(Ce(NO3)6) with excess anhydrous HClO4 at ‐10 °C. The anion (Ce(ClO4)6)2‐ contains mono‐ and bidentate perchlorato groups, as can be deduced from the IR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of the Hexatungstonickelates of Heavy Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals.
Authors: MOROZ YA. A. , GRUBA A. I. , ZAYATS M. N. , DANILEIKO L. A. , DUMANOVA E. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe novel title compounds M(I)4(Ni(OH)6W6O18)·nH2O (M(I): Rb, Cs, Tl; n = 5 or 6) and M(II)2(Ni(OH)6W6O18).nH2O (M(II): Ca, Sr, Ba; n = 10 or 14) are prepared in aqueous solutions by reaction of K4(Ni(OH)6W6O18)·5 H2O or (NH4)4(Ni(OH)6W6O18)·5 H2O with M(I)NO3 or M(II)(NO3)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Ni(SbF6)2.
Authors: CHRISTE K. O. , WILSON W. W. , BOUGON R. A. , CHARPIN P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (IV) is prepared by reaction of nickel powder (I) with antimony pentafluoride (II) and elemental fluorine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Ruthenium Dioxide with Fluorine.
Authors: RAKOV E. G. , DZHALAVYAN A. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe novel solid compound RuOF3 is prepared by fluorination of RuO2 at 250‐320 °C. It is highly susceptible to hydrolysis, and is characterized by elemental analysis and by Raman spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of an Acyloxyiodinane, the Intermediate in Iodosobenzoate Catalyzed Cleavage of Active Esters.
Authors: MOSS R. A. , SCRIMIN P. , ROSEN R. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cleavage reaction of p‐nitrophenyl acetate (II) is performed with o‐iodosobenzoate, which exists in the two isomeric forms (Ia) and (Ib) in the presence of phase transfer catalysts such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Removal of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers in the Presence of tert‐ Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers with Magnesium Bromide in Ether.
Authors: KIM S. , PARK J. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTetrahydropyranyl ethers such as (I) are selectively cleaved by treatment with magnesium bromide in diethyl ether, yielding the corresponding alcohols such as (II).