bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐Guided Placement of Central Venous Port Systems via the Right Internal Jugular Vein: Are Chest X‐Ray and/or Fluoroscopy Needed to Confirm the Correct Placement of the Device?
Authors: Miccini Michelangelo , Cassini Diletta , Gregori Matteo , Gazzanelli Sergio , Cassibba Simone , Biacchi Daniele 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous central venous port (CVP) placement using ultrasound‐guidance (USG) via right internal jugular vein is described as a safe and effective procedure. The aim of this study is to determine whether intraoperative fluoroscopy (IF) and/or postoperative chest X‐ray (CXR) are required to confirm the correct position of the catheter.MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2014, 302 adult patients underwent elective CVP system placement under USG. The standard venous access site was the right internal jugular vein. The length of catheter was calculated based on the height of the patient. IF was always performed to confirm US findings.Results176 patients were men and 126 were women and average height was 176.2 cm (range 154–193 cm). The average length of the catheter was 16.4 cm (range 14–18). Catheter malposition and pneumothorax were observed in 4 (1.3 %) and 3 (1 %) patients, respectively. IF confirmed the correct position of the catheter in all cases. Catheter misplacement (4 cases) was previously identified and corrected on USG. Our rates of pneumothorax are in accordance with those of the literature (0.5–3 %).ConclusionUltrasonography has resulted in improved safety and effectiveness of port system implantation. The routine use of CXR and IF should be considered unnecessary.
DECIDE: a Decision Support Tool to Facilitate Parents’ Choices Regarding Genome‐Wide Sequencing
Authors: Birch Patricia , Adam S. , Bansback N. , Coe R. R. , Hicklin J. , Lehman A. , Li K. C. , Friedman J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe describe the rationale, development, and usability testing for an integrated e‐learning tool and decision aid for parents facing decisions about genome‐wide sequencing (GWS) for their children with a suspected genetic condition. The online tool, DECIDE, is designed to provide decision‐support and to promote high quality decisions about undergoing GWS with or without return of optional incidental finding results. DECIDE works by integrating educational material with decision aids. Users may tailor their learning by controlling both the amount of information and its format – text and diagrams and/or short videos. The decision aid guides users to weigh the importance of various relevant factors in their own lives and circumstances. After considering the pros and cons of GWS and return of incidental findings, DECIDE summarizes the user's responses and apparent preferred choices. In a usability study of 16 parents who had already chosen GWS after conventional genetic counselling, all participants found DECIDE to be helpful. Many would have been satisfied to use it alone to guide their GWS decisions, but most would prefer to have the option of consulting a health care professional as well to aid their decision. Further testing is necessary to establish the effectiveness of using DECIDE as an adjunct to or instead of conventional pre‐test genetic counselling for clinical genome‐wide sequencing.
Successful resynchronization by permanent His‐bundle pacing in a patient with pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Iida Yoji , Izawa Tomoaki , Kobari Chikara , Yatsuhashi Toru , Makishima Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) pacing has been reported to result in ventricular dyssynchrony, heart failure, and increased mortality. Pacing associated deterioration of left ventricular (LV) systolic function has been termed pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). While upgrading to biventricular pacing (BiVP) is an effective therapy for PICM, permanent His‐bundle pacing (HBP) can be a physiological alternative to BiVP. We present a patient with PICM who responded dramatically to permanent HBP.
A CREDIBILITY APPROACH FOR COMBINING LIKELIHOODS OF GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS
Authors: Christiansen Marcus C. , Schinzinger Edo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGeneralized linear models are a popular tool for the modelling of insurance claims data. Problems arise with the model fitting if little statistical information is available. In case that related statistics are available, statistical inference can be improved with the help of the borrowing-strength principle. We present a credibility approach that combines the maximum likelihood estimators of individual canonical generalized linear models in a meta-analytic way to an improved credibility estimator. We follow the concept of linear empirical Bayes estimation, which reduces the necessary parametric assumptions to a minimum. The concept is illustrated by a simulation study and an application example from mortality modelling.
Flight behaviour and dispersal ofRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using mark-release-recapture method
Authors: Ávalos J.A. , Balasch S. , Soto A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe flight ability and patterns of an insect influence its spread, and the study of its behaviour can be used to improve the strategies to control the pest. RegardingRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), one of the worst threats to palm trees worldwide, laboratory experiments have been conducted to analyze their flight potential. However, these data must be complemented with tests that allow us to know its flight behaviour and dispersal patterns under field conditions. Two mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted in areas withR. ferrugineusinfestations. In the first, the effects of weevil sex, temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity, on the take-off and flight mobility of adults were analyzed. The second experiment aimed to determine the maximum flight distance covered by adults in field. The take-off rate forR. ferrugineusmales was significantly greater than for females, and was positively influenced by temperature (optimum take-off around 25°C) and solar radiation, both factors being highly correlated. Female weevil recaptures were significantly higher, especially as temperatures increased (optimum recapture around 21°C). Dispersal distances of weevil adults increased when temperatures rose, and while this insect tended to fly short distances (<500 m), it was able to cover up to 7 km. The dispersal ofR. ferrugineusadults mainly occurred during the first 7 days after their release, and when relative humidity increased, their dispersal time was reduced. The results obtained will permit a more effective implementation of certain measures used to controlR. ferrugineus, such as olfactory trapping or intensive surveillance around pest outbreaks.
Associated disease risk from the introduced generalist pathogenSphaerothecum destruens: management and policy implications
Authors: ANDREOU DEMETRA , GOZLAN RODOLPHE ELIE 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe rosette agentSphaerothecum destruensis a novel pathogen, which is currently believed to have been introduced into Europe along with the introduction of the invasive fish topmouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parva(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Its close association withP. parvaand its wide host species range and associated host mortalities, highlight this parasite as a potential source of disease emergence in European fish species. Here, using a meta-analysis of the reportedS. destruensprevalence across all reported susceptible hosts species; we calculated host-specificity providing support thatS. destruensis a true generalist. We have applied all the available information onS. destruensand host-range to an established framework for risk-assessing non-native parasites to evaluate the risks posed byS. destruensand discuss the next steps to manage and prevent disease emergence of this generalist parasite.
C-reactive protein levels in the perioperative period as a predictive marker of endoscopic recurrence after ileo-colonic resection for Crohn’s disease
Authors: Iaculli E , Agostini M , Biancone L , Fiorani C , Di Vizia A , Montagnese F , Sibio S , Manzelli A , Tesauro M , Rufini A , Sica GS 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the perioperative behavior of C-reactive protein (CRP) in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergoing elective ileo-cecal (IC) resection and to identify association between perioperative CRP levels and endoscopic recurrence at 1 year. Study hypothesis was that perioperative CRP changes are disease specific and could detect subset of patients with more aggressive pathopysiology. Seventy-five patients undergoing IC resection for CD were prospectively enrolled. Serial CRP levels were assessed: preoperative, postoperative day 1 (POD1) and day 5 (POD5). CD patients’ values were compared against same interval assessments of control groups undergoing right colectomy and appendicectomy. At POD1, the serum concentration increase was significantly higher in CD patients than in controls. Comparing with control groups, CRP levels remained remarkably high and showed a lower reduction in CD at POD5. Difference between groups was statistically significant. Optimal cutoff levels have been identified: serum CRP concentrations of >39.8 mg/l at POD1 and of >23.2 mg/l at POD5 have shown a significant association to endoscopic recurrence when using bivariate correlation. In this preliminary series, binary logistic regression could not demonstrate statistical relationship between endoscopic recurrence and any of the variables evaluated as prognostic factor. This is the only study so far that investigates and confirms a disease-specific upregulation of CRP response in the perioperative period for CD patients undergoing surgery. The postoperative CRP levels and kinetics seem to be related to the grade of mucosal inflammation and recurrence rate according to our 12 months endoscopic evaluation.
Long-term findings from COMFORT-II, a phase 3 study of ruxolitinib vs best available therapy for myelofibrosis
Authors:   on behalf of the COMFORT-II Investigators, Harrison C N , Vannucchi A M , Kiladjian J-J , Al-Ali H K , Gisslinger H , Knoops L , Cervantes F , Jones M M , Sun K , McQuitty M , Stalbovskaya V , Gopalakrishna P , Barbui T 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) (JAK1/JAK2) inhibitor that has demonstrated superiority over placebo and best available therapy (BAT) in the Controlled Myelofibrosis Study with Oral JAK Inhibitor Treatment (COMFORT) studies. COMFORT-II was a randomized (2:1), open-label phase 3 study in patients with myelofibrosis; patients randomized to BAT could crossover to ruxolitinib upon protocol-defined disease progression or after the primary end point, confounding long-term comparisons. At week 48, 28% (41/146) of patients randomized to ruxolitinib achieved ⩾35% decrease in spleen volume (primary end point) compared with no patients on BAT (P<0.001). Among the 78 patients (53.4%) in the ruxolitinib arm who achieved ⩾35% reductions in spleen volume at any time, the probability of maintaining response was 0.48 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–0.60) at 5 years (median, 3.2 years). Median overall survival was not reached in the ruxolitinib arm and was 4.1 years in the BAT arm. There was a 33% reduction in risk of death with ruxolitinib compared with BAT by intent-to-treat analysis (hazard ratio (HR)=0.67; 95% CI, 0.44–1.02; P=0.06); the crossover-corrected HR was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.18–1.04; P=0.06). There was no unexpected increased incidence of adverse events with longer exposure. This final analysis showed that spleen volume reductions with ruxolitinib were maintained with continued therapy and may be associated with survival benefits.
KCNQ channel openers reverse depressive symptoms via an active resilience mechanism
Authors: Friedman Allyson K. , Juarez Barbara , Ku Stacy M. , Zhang Hongxing , Calizo Rhodora C. , Walsh Jessica J. , Chaudhury Dipesh , Zhang Song , Hawkins Angel , Dietz David M. , Murrough James W. , Ribadeneira Maria , Wong Erik H. , Neve Rachael L. , Han Ming-Hu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLess than half of patients suffering from major depressive disorder, a leading cause of disability worldwide, achieve remission with current antidepressants, making it imperative to develop more effective treatment. A new therapeutic direction is emerging from the increased understanding of natural resilience as an active stress-coping process. It is known that potassium (K+) channels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are an active mediator of resilience. However, no druggable targets have been identified to potentiate active resilience mechanisms. In the chronic social defeat stress model of depression, we report that KCNQ-type K+ channel openers, including FDA-approved drug retigabine (ezogabine), show antidepressant efficacy. We demonstrate that overexpression of KCNQ channels in the VTA dopaminergic neurons and either local infusion or systemic administration of retigabine normalized neuronal hyperactivity and depressive behaviours. These findings identify KCNQ as a target for conceptually novel antidepressants that function through the potentiation of active resilience mechanisms.
Spin–valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichalcogenide superconductor
Authors: Bawden L. , Cooil S. P. , Mazzola F. , Riley J. M. , Collins-McIntyre L. J. , Sunko V. , Hunvik K. W. B. , Leandersson M. , Polley C. M. , Balasubramanian T. , Kim T. K. , Hoesch M. , Wells J. W. , Balakrishnan G. , Bahramy M. S. , King P. D. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are benchmark systems for studying and controlling intertwined electronic orders in solids, with superconductivity developing from a charge-density wave state. The interplay between such phases is thought to play a critical role in the unconventional superconductivity of cuprates, Fe-based and heavy-fermion systems, yet even for the more moderately-correlated TMDCs, their nature and origins have proved controversial. Here, we study a prototypical example, 2H-NbSe2, by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and first-principles theory. We find that the normal state, from which its hallmark collective phases emerge, is characterized by quasiparticles whose spin is locked to their valley pseudospin. This results from a combination of strong spin–orbit interactions and local inversion symmetry breaking, while interlayer coupling further drives a rich three-dimensional momentum dependence of the underlying Fermi-surface spin texture. These findings necessitate a re-investigation of the nature of charge order and superconducting pairing in NbSe2 and related TMDCs.
Calorie-induced ER stress suppresses uroguanylin satiety signaling in diet-induced obesity
Authors: Kim G W , Lin J E , Snook A E , Aing A S , Merlino D J , Li P , Waldman S A 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
The uroguanylin-GUCY2C gut–brain axis has emerged as one component regulating feeding, energy homeostasis, body mass and metabolism. Here, we explore a role for this axis in mechanisms underlying diet-induced obesity (DIO).

Subjects/Methods:
Intestinal uroguanylin expression and secretion, and hypothalamic GUCY2C expression and anorexigenic signaling, were quantified in mice on high-calorie diets for 14 weeks. The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in suppressing uroguanylin in DIO was explored using tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a chemical chaperone that inhibits ER stress. The impact of consumed calories on uroguanylin expression was explored by dietary manipulation. The role of uroguanylin in mechanisms underlying obesity was examined using Camk2a-Cre-ERT2-Rosa-STOPloxP/loxP-Guca2b mice in which tamoxifen induces transgenic hormone expression in brain.

Results:
DIO suppressed intestinal uroguanylin expression and eliminated its postprandial secretion into the circulation. DIO suppressed uroguanylin through ER stress, an effect mimicked by tunicamycin and blocked by TUDCA. Hormone suppression by DIO reflected consumed calories, rather than the pathophysiological milieu of obesity, as a diet high in calories from carbohydrates suppressed uroguanylin in lean mice, whereas calorie restriction restored uroguanylin in obese mice. However, hypothalamic GUCY2C, enriched in the arcuate nucleus, produced anorexigenic signals mediating satiety upon exogenous agonist administration, and DIO did not impair these responses. Uroguanylin replacement by transgenic expression in brain repaired the hormone insufficiency and reconstituted satiety responses opposing DIO and its associated comorbidities, including visceral adiposity, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis.

Conclusions:
These studies reveal a novel pathophysiological mechanism contributing to obesity in which calorie-induced suppression of intestinal uroguanylin impairs hypothalamic mechanisms regulating food consumption through loss of anorexigenic endocrine signaling. The correlative therapeutic paradigm suggests that, in the context of hormone insufficiency with preservation of receptor sensitivity, obesity may be prevented or treated by GUCY2C hormone replacement.
RAC-tagging: Recombineering And Cas9-assisted targeting for protein tagging and conditional analyses
Authors: Baker Oliver , Gupta Ashish , Obst Mandy , Zhang Youming , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Fu Jun , Stewart A. Francis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA fluent method for gene targeting to establish protein tagged and ligand inducible conditional loss-of-function alleles is described. We couple new recombineering applications for one-step cloning of gRNA oligonucleotides and rapid generation of short-arm (~1 kb) targeting constructs with the power of Cas9-assisted targeting to establish protein tagged alleles in embryonic stem cells at high efficiency. RAC (Recombineering And Cas9)-tagging with Venus, BirM, APEX2 and the auxin degron is facilitated by a recombineering-ready plasmid series that permits the reuse of gene-specific reagents to insert different tags. Here we focus on protein tagging with the auxin degron because it is a ligand-regulated loss-of-function strategy that is rapid and reversible. Furthermore it includes the additional challenge of biallelic targeting. Despite high frequencies of monoallelic RAC-targeting, we found that simultaneous biallelic targeting benefits from long-arm (>4 kb) targeting constructs. Consequently an updated recombineering pipeline for fluent generation of long arm targeting constructs is also presented.
Quantitative evidence for the effects of multiple drivers on continental-scale amphibian declines
Authors: Grant Evan H. Campbell , Miller David A. W. , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Adams Michael J. , Amburgey Staci M. , Chambert Thierry , Cruickshank Sam S. , Fisher Robert N. , Green David M. , Hossack Blake R. , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Joseph Maxwell B. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. , Ryan Maureen E. , Waddle J. Hardin , Walls Susan C. , Bailey Larissa L. , Fellers Gary M. , Gorman Thomas A. , Ray Andrew M. , Pilliod David S. , Price Steven J. , Saenz Daniel , Sadinski Walt , Muths Erin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSince amphibian declines were first proposed as a global phenomenon over a quarter century ago, the conservation community has made little progress in halting or reversing these trends. The early search for a “smoking gun” was replaced with the expectation that declines are caused by multiple drivers. While field observations and experiments have identified factors leading to increased local extinction risk, evidence for effects of these drivers is lacking at large spatial scales. Here, we use observations of 389 time-series of 83 species and complexes from 61 study areas across North America to test the effects of 4 of the major hypothesized drivers of declines. While we find that local amphibian populations are being lost from metapopulations at an average rate of 3.79% per year, these declines are not related to any particular threat at the continental scale; likewise the effect of each stressor is variable at regional scales. This result - that exposure to threats varies spatially, and populations vary in their response - provides little generality in the development of conservation strategies. Greater emphasis on local solutions to this globally shared phenomenon is needed.
Leaf epidermis images for robust identification of plants
Authors: da Silva Núbia Rosa , Oliveira Marcos William da Silva , Filho Humberto Antunes de Almeida , Pinheiro Luiz Felipe Souza , Rossatto Davi Rodrigo , Kolb Rosana Marta , Bruno Odemir Martinez 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes a methodology for plant analysis and identification based on extracting texture features from microscopic images of leaf epidermis. All the experiments were carried out using 32 plant species with 309 epidermal samples captured by an optical microscope coupled to a digital camera. The results of the computational methods using texture features were compared to the conventional approach, where quantitative measurements of stomatal traits (density, length and width) were manually obtained. Epidermis image classification using texture has achieved a success rate of over 96%, while success rate was around 60% for quantitative measurements taken manually. Furthermore, we verified the robustness of our method accounting for natural phenotypic plasticity of stomata, analysing samples from the same species grown in different environments. Texture methods were robust even when considering phenotypic plasticity of stomatal traits with a decrease of 20% in the success rate, as quantitative measurements proved to be fully sensitive with a decrease of 77%. Results from the comparison between the computational approach and the conventional quantitative measurements lead us to discover how computational systems are advantageous and promising in terms of solving problems related to Botany, such as species identification.
A new class of large band gap quantum spin hall insulators: 2D fluorinated group-IV binary compounds
Authors: Padilha J. E. , Pontes R. B. , Schmidt T. M. , Miwa R. H. , Fazzio A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe predict a new class of large band gap quantum spin Hall insulators, the fluorinated PbX (X = C, Si, Ge and Sn) compounds, that are mechanically stable two-dimensional materials. Based on first principles calculations we find that, while the PbX systems are not topological insulators, all fluorinated PbX (PbXF2) compounds are 2D topological insulators. The quantum spin Hall insulating phase was confirmed by the explicitly calculation of the Z2 invariant. In addition we performed a thorough investigation of the role played by the (i) fluorine saturation, (ii) crystal field and (iii) spin-orbital coupling in PbXF2. By considering nanoribbon structures, we verify the appearance of a pair of topologically protected Dirac-like edge states connecting the conduction and valence bands. The insulating phase which is a result of the spin orbit interaction, reveals that this new class of two dimensional materials present exceptional nontrivial band gaps, reaching values up to 0.99 eV at the Γ point and an indirect band gap of 0.77 eV. The topological phase is arisen without any external field, making this system promising for nanoscale applications, using topological properties.