bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of solid organ recipients shedding Epstein‐Barr virus DNA pre‐transplant: A prospective study
Authors: Verghese Priya S. , Schmeling David O. , Filtz Emma A. , Grimm Jennifer M. , Matas Arthur J. , Balfour Henry H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) poses a significant threat to patient and graft survival post‐transplant. We hypothesized that recipients who shed EBV at transplant had less immunologic control of the virus and hence were more likely to have active EBV infection and disease post‐transplant. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a 5‐year prospective study in primary solid organ transplant recipients. We measured EBV DNA in oral washes and blood samples by quantitative PCR before transplant and periodically thereafter for up to 4 years. Pre‐transplant samples were available from 98 subjects. EBV DNA was detected pre‐transplant in 32 of 95 (34%) and 5 of 93 subjects (5%) in oral wash and blood, respectively. Recipients with and without detectable pre‐transplant EBV DNA were not significantly different demographically and had no significant difference in patient and graft survival (P = .6 for both comparisons) or post‐transplant EBV viremia‐free survival (P = .8). There were no cases of EBV‐related disease or post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in any of the patients with detectable EBV DNA pre‐transplant. In conclusion, detectable EBV DNA pre‐transplant was not associated with differences in patient/graft survival, post‐transplant EBV viremia, or EBV‐related diseases including PTLD.
An algorithmic approach to diagnose haematolymphoid neoplasms in effusion by combining morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics
Authors: Chen L. , Zhang J. S. , Liu D. G. , Cui D. , Meng Z. L. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThere are limited studies of cytology diagnosis of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours in serosal effusion except for occasional case reports. We would like to demonstrate an algorithmic approach for accurate diagnosis, especially in patients without previous history.MethodsWe reviewed 36 cases of lymphoma diagnosed in serosal effusion following an algorithmic approach. Suspected tumour cells were classified into small, intermediate and large sizes and two characteristic forms of plasmacytoid and Reed Sternberg‐like on smears (step 1), followed by utilising panels of immunohistochemical markers and Epstein‐Barr encoding region in situ hybridisation on cell blocks (step 2). A panel of CD3, CD20 and Ki‐67 formed the basic workup, followed by pertinent batteries of immunostaining. Molecular tests were applied in 22 selected cases by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (step 3).ResultsThere were 15 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas; 12 plasma cell myelomas; two mantle cell lymphomas; one anaplastic large cell lymphoma ALK +; one small lymphocytic lymphoma; one plasmablastic lymphoma; one peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, one extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type and two T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. 14 cases with previous history had complete concordance in immunophenotype between cytology and histology. Another 14 cases were primarily diagnosed in patients with initial symptom of effusion based on immunophenotyping and cytogenetic test in selected cases. Eight cases were diagnosed based on morphology alone.ConclusionAn algorithmic approach based on morphology and immunohistochemistry is the key to making an accurate diagnosis of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours in effusion. A molecular test is also important for confirmation and prognostic prediction. We reviewed 36 haematolymphoid neoplasms diagnosed in effusion including 14 cases primarily diagnosed in patients without previous history following an algorithmic approach by combining morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics.
Incidence, malignancy rates of diagnoses and cyto‐histological correlations in the new Italian Reporting System for Thyroid Cytology: An institutional experience
Authors: Straccia P. , Santoro A. , Rossi E. D. , Brunelli C. , Mosseri C. , Musarra T. , Pontecorvi A. , Lombardi C. P. , Fadda G. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveFNA biopsy is considered as the most accurate method for the selection of patients with thyroid nodules that need for surgery or for the wait and see management. The aim of the present study is to clarify the risk of malignancy for the cytological data classified according to the 2014 Italian reporting system.MethodsWe report a retrospective analysis of 4043 patients in our institution's experience during the period April 2014 through December 2016 with the Italian reporting system for thyroid cytology.ResultsThe diagnostic incidences of the 4043 cases were as follows: 9.8% TIR1; 1.3% TIR1C; 70% TIR2; 6.6% TIR3A; 4.5% TIR3B; 2.4% TIR4; 5.2% TIR5. A repeated aspiration was carried out in 68 out of 269 cases (25%) classified as TIR3A. A total of 407 cases with cytology underwent surgical resection. A malignant neoplasm was detected in 261 out of 407 (64%) cases. Regarding TIR3B, surgical excision was undertaken in 109 cases, which included 42 high‐risk lesions and 67 Hürthle cell neoplasms. The risk of malignancy was significantly higher in the former compared to the latter (50% vs 9%; P<.05).ConclusionsThis investigation emphasises the reliability of the 2014 Italian Reporting System concerning the mutual frequency of the diagnostic categories. The risk of malignancy is perfectly within the range of the estimated values.
Dramatic pretend play games uniquely improve emotional control in young children
Authors: Goldstein Thalia R. , Lerner Matthew D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPretense is a naturally occurring, apparently universal activity for typically developing children. Yet its function and effects remain unclear. One theorized possibility is that pretense activities, such as dramatic pretend play games, are a possible causal path to improve children's emotional development. Social and emotional skills, particularly emotional control, are critically important for social development, as well as academic performance and later life success. However, the study of such approaches has been criticized for potential bias and lack of rigor, precluding the ability to make strong causal claims. We conducted a randomized, component control (dismantling) trial of dramatic pretend play games with a low‐SES group of 4‐year‐old children (N = 97) to test whether such practice yields generalized improvements in multiple social and emotional outcomes. We found specific effects of dramatic play games only on emotional self‐control. Results suggest that dramatic pretend play games involving physicalizing emotional states and traits, pretending to be animals and human characters, and engaging in pretend scenarios in a small group may improve children's emotional control. These findings have implications for the function of pretense and design of interventions to improve emotional control in typical and atypical populations. Further, they provide support for the unique role of dramatic pretend play games for young children, particularly those from low‐income backgrounds. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/2GVNcWKRHPk
Coarse woody debris can reduce mammalian browsing damage of woody plant saplings in box‐gum grassy woodlands
Authors: Stapleton Joseph P. , Ikin Karen , Freudenberger David 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe critically endangered box‐gum grassy woodlands of south‐east Australia face numerous threats including the failure of woody plant regeneration caused by over‐browsing. In the Australian Capital Territory, over‐browsing of tree and shrub saplings is likely caused by dense populations of Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) found in many nature reserves free of livestock. One possible way to protect these saplings is using coarse woody debris (CWD) as a browsing deterrent. We tested this idea by planting palatable Red Stemmed Wattle (Acacia rubida) saplings among manually applied CWD, among naturally fallen CWD, and in the open, in five woodland reserves. We recorded the proportion of saplings browsed, the number of weeks to first browsing and the browsing severity (sapling height lost). Applied CWD protected saplings from being browsed only at relatively low‐to‐moderate kangaroo browsing pressure (as measured by faecal pellet counts). At relatively high browsing pressure, the probability of a sapling being browsed among applied CWD was 100%, similar to the probability in the open treatment (no CWD). Natural CWD, in contrast, provided some protection even at high browsing pressures. Time to browsing was most affected by browsing pressure, although CWD cover also had an influence. Browsing severity was similar between the three treatments and was only affected by browsing pressure. These results indicate that without protection, palatable woody plant saplings have a high chance of being browsed by kangaroos in woodland reserves, and therefore, some protection is needed for successful regeneration. The CWD being applied to reserves has a limited capacity to protect regenerating saplings. If more protection is wanted a CWD structure more resembling natural fallen timber should be used. This could be done by artificially placing branches around plantings. However, the most important action to facilitate regeneration is to manage kangaroo populations to reduce overall browsing pressure.
Enhancing seedling survival on former floodplain grazing land in the Capertee Valley, Australia
Authors: Baumber Alex , Evans Huw , Turner Richard J. , Merson John , Dixon Bill , Crust David 
Published: September 2017

SummaryActive revegetation is an essential component of biodiversity conservation for fragmented ecosystems and the species that depend on them. However, key knowledge gaps exist around the most cost‐effective revegetation strategies to employ in different contexts. This article reports on a revegetation trial undertaken in the Capertee Valley of New South Wales, Australia, to assist the conservation of the critically endangered bird, the Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia). Seven treatments were compared to assess their cost‐effectiveness for enhancing plant survival at a floodplain site with a history of grazing on introduced pastures. While overall survival rates were low, treatments involving tree guards had higher survival rates and were more cost‐effective than treatments without guards. Weed growth, animal activity and water stress all appeared to play a role in the low survival rates at this site, with enhanced weed control emerging as a priority for future trials at similar sites.
Assisted natural regeneration accelerates recovery of highly disturbed rainforest
Authors: Uebel Konrad , Wilson Kerrie A. , Shoo Luke P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryLarge areas of rainforests in Australia and other tropical regions have been extensively cleared since the mid‐19th century. As abandoned agro‐pastoral land becomes increasingly prominent, there is an ongoing need to identify cost‐effective approaches to reinstate forest on these landscapes. Assisted regeneration is a potentially lower cost restoration approach which aims to accelerate forest recovery by removing barriers to natural regeneration. However, despite being widely used its ecological benefits are poorly quantified, particularly on long cleared and grazed land. This study quantified the benefits of assisted regeneration on previously cleared land in a subtropical rainforest ecosystem within eastern Australia. Three different site types were used (grazed, grazing excluded and grazing excluded plus assisted regeneration, each with a maximum distance of 120 m to remnant forest) to compare forest recovery up to 10 years after grazing was relieved with and without 4–6 years of assisted regeneration. Assisted regeneration sites showed a threefold increase in canopy cover, fourfold increase in native tree and shrub species richness and over 40 times greater native stem density compared to nonassisted regeneration sites. Stimulation of native recruitment appears dependent on the simultaneous removal of multiple barriers to regeneration, with the exclusion of grazing alone insufficient. This demonstrates the additional ecological benefits arising from investment in assisted regeneration. It offers considerable promise as a cost‐effective tool for accelerating and improving reinstatement of forest on retired agro‐pastoral land in the humid subtropics.
Clinicopathological and molecular implications of aberrant thyroid transcription factor‐1 expression in colorectal carcinomas: an immunohistochemical analysis of 1319 cases using three different antibody clones
Authors: Bae Jeong Mo , Kim Jung Ho , Park Jeong Hwan , Park Hye Eun , Cho Nam‐Yun , Kang Gyeong Hoon 
Published: September 2017

AimsThe precise profile of aberrant expression of thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) according to antibody clones in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) has been controversial. Moreover, the detailed clinicopathological and molecular features of CRCs with TTF‐1 expression have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate TTF‐1 expression status in a large series of CRC cases by using three different antibody clones.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for TTF‐1 with clones 8G7G3/1, SPT24 and SP141 was performed on tumour tissues of 1319 primary CRCs and 98 corresponding metastatic lesions. Among the 1319 CRCs, TTF‐1 expression was detected in 68 cases by both clone SPT24 and clone SP141. TTF‐1 expression was not detected in any of the cases when clone 8G7G3/1 was used. The 68 CRCs with TTF‐1 expression detected by both clone SPT24 and clone SP141 were considered to be TTF‐1‐positive in this study. TTF‐1 positivity was significantly associated with distal tumour location, non‐mucinous histology, intact CDX2 expression and a low frequency of KRAS mutations in CRCs. Nearly all TTF‐1‐positive CRCs showed microsatellite‐stable and CpG island methylator phenotype‐negative statuses. TTF‐1 positivity was also found in all metastatic lesions of the five TTF‐1‐positive primary CRCs. TTF‐1 negativity was maintained in all metastatic lesions of the 93 TTF‐1‐negative primary CRCs.ConclusionsOur study confirmed that the frequency and characteristics of aberrant TTF‐1 expression in CRCs vary according to the antibody clone. Aberrant TTF‐1 expression detected by clone SPT24 or SP141 may be encountered preferentially in distally located, conventional pathway‐type CRCs.
The chemotherapy response score is a useful histological predictor of prognosis in high‐grade serous carcinoma
Authors: Singh Priya , Kaushal Vikrant , Rai Bhavana , Rajwanshi Arvind , Gupta Nalini , Dey Pranab , Garg Rashi , Rohilla Manish , Suri Vanita , Ghoshal Sushmita , Srinivasan Radhika 
Published: September 2017

AimsHigh‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common tubal/ovarian malignant tumour, and usually presents at an advanced stage. Interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is being increasingly used for the management of these patients. The chemotherapy response score (CRS) has been proposed for grading the response of tubo‐ovarian HGSC to NACT on the basis of examination of IDS specimens. Our aims were to evaluate the CRS in post‐NACT cases, assess the interobserver agreement, and correlate it with overall and progression‐free survival.Methods and resultsThe CRS was applied by two independent pathologists on omental and adnexal tumour tissue sections from post‐NACT patients with HGSC who had undergone IDS. The assigned primary site of tumour origin was documented. The interobserver agreement and prognostic significance of the CRS were evaluated. There were 103 cases, and in 61.1% of cases a fallopian tubal origin was confirmed. There were 26, 35 and 42 cases with CRSs of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The interobserver variability for CRS was low (κ = 0.806). The CRS showed a significant correlation with progression‐free survival (CRS 1 and 2 versus 3: median survival 16 months versus 18 months; P = 0.004); however, after controlling for debulking status, this association was not significant. The CRS applied to adnexal sections did not show any prognostic significance for either progression‐free or overall survival.ConclusionThe CRS is an easy and reproducible method for predicting the prognosis in post‐NACT HGSC patients.
Inactivation kinetics of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in peach juice treated with gaseous ozone
Authors: Jaramillo Sánchez Gabriela M. , Garcia Loredo Analia B. , Contigiani Eunice V. , Gómez Paula L. , Alzamora Stella M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of gaseous ozone for inactivating peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in peach juice was investigated. The suitability of first‐order and Weibull models to describe inactivation kinetics was also analysed. Peach juice was exposed to ozone (0.11 and 0.20 mg O3 min−1 mL−1) in a bubble column up to 12 min at 20 ± 1 °C. Enzyme activities were reduced due to treatments. The magnitude of the inactivation increased with ozone level and exposure time. Reductions in activity after 12 min of treatment ranged between 99.5% and 99.8% for POD and between 93.9% and 97.3% for PPO, depending on ozone concentration. Inactivation curves were successfully fitted with the first‐order and Weibull models; although, based on the root‐mean‐square error, the corrected Akaike and the Bayesian Schwarz criterion, the Weibull model showed stronger capability in all cases.
THE TREATMENT OF LITHIUM POISONING
Authors: COATS D. A. , TRAUTNER E. M. , GERSHON S. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryLithium salts are valuable in treatment of psychomotor overactivity. Administered lithium is distributed throughout the total body water and intracellular lithium accumulates at the expense of potassium. Lithium appears to interfere with intracellular, potassium‐dependent, metabolism.Sporadic cases of intoxication may occur if treatment is not controlled clinically and biochemically. The symptoms are: gastro‐intestinal disturbance, ataxia, urinary and fœtal incontinence, and coma. Preliminary symptoms may be insidious, and coma may develop suddenly. Treatment aims at promotion of cellular potassium uptake with release of lithium for renal excretion.Six illustrative cases are reported.
EFFECT OF BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF RATS WITH SPONTANEOUS INHERITED HYPERTENSION
Authors: NOLLA—PANADES J. , SMIRK F. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRats bred to develop hypertension spontaneously and control rats have been subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy. One per centum salt solution was given as drinking fluid to secure survival. The blood pressure difference between the genetic hypertensive rats and controls was maintained, and does not appear therefore to be dependent on the presence of the adrenal gland.
RADIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE UPPER PART OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT IN PARKINSONISM
Authors: EADIE M. J. , TYRER J. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRadiological studies of the upper part of the alimentary tract were made in 72 subjects with Parkinsonism and 264 control subjects of a similar age distribution. A significantly greater incidence of hiatus hernia, gastro‐œsophageal reflux, segmental spasm of the oesophagus and delayed cesophageal passage of contrast medium occurred in the Parkinsonian patients. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIZING CELLS IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH “AUTO‐IMMUNE“ DISORDERS
Authors: COOPER I. A. , FIRKIN B. G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe number of cells capable of synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid was estimated in the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of disorders. A significant increase above normal was found in patients with a group of “autoimmune” disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive hepatitis, acquired hæmolytic anæmia and rheumatoid arthritis, and three further patients with aplastic A normal level of these cells was observed in two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hæmoglobinuria, and in a patient with hæmolytic anæmia and renal insufficiency. However, in four patients with hereditary spherocytosis the level of these cells was elevated. The significance of these findings is discussed.
HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS : GENETIC LINKAGE WITH THE RH CHROMOSOME
Authors: LOVRIC V. A. , WALSH R. J. , BRADLEY MARGARET A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA girl, aged seven years, who presented with hæmolytic anæmia, was found to have elliptocytosis. The inherited red‐cell anomaly was found in two of her siblings, her mother, and eight of her mother's relatives, but none suffered from hæmolytic anæmia. The elliptocyte gene was linked to the Rh blood group, and no instance of recombination was found.
SERUM URATE AND URATE CLEARANCE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: DE COEK NANETTE M. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYValues for serum urate level, urate clearance and serum creatinine and creatinine clearance from 32 male diabetics and 32 proven non‐diabetic matched controls are reported, together with relevant clinical data. Statistically, the serum urate level is significantly lower in the diabetic group, whereas the urate clearance is significantly higher than in the controls. It is postulated that the results indicate the occurrence of renal tubular damage in the diabetic kidney.
EUCALYPTUS OIL POISONING TREATED BY DIALYSIS AND MANNITOL INFUSION
Authors: GURR F. W. , SCROGGIE J. G. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYOil of eucalyptus is a toxic substance capable of producing severe cardio‐vascular, respiratory and central nervous system manifestations after ingestion by an adult of as little as 4 ml. The literature describing this substance as a poison is reviewed, and a case of severe intoxication with prolonged coma is reported. Successful management of this case included the use of mannitol, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and the contribution of these measures to the treatment of poisoning is discussed. The effective removal of eucalyptol by dialysis suggests the application of this form of therapy to poisoning by other volatile oils.
HYPOTHALAMIC‐PITUITARY SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: MORGAN TREFOR , COUPLAND W. G. , VANDERFIELD G. K. , CHURCH DAVID 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThree cases of sarcoidosis involving the brain in the region of the hypothalamus are described. The lesions caused markedly different disturbances of hypothalamic‐pituitary function, ranging from anterior and posterior pituitary failure to a pure hypothalamic syndrome. Two patients had signs indicative of an intracranial space‐occupying lesion. Corticosteroid therapy was used in two cases, and produced remissions of diabetes insipidus which have lasted for six years.