bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Isosorbide Esters from Sorbitol with Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Fraile José M. , Saavedra Carlos J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSulfonic solids of different nature (alkyl, aryl and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic) are able to catalyze the dehydration of sorbitol under solvent free conditions at moderate temperature (130 °C) under vacuum and the esterification of isosorbide with carboxylic acids, either acetic or octanoic acids. Yields around 80 % of isosorbide can be obtained from sorbitol with only 1 mol% catalyst after 24 h. Yields of dicarboxylates from isosorbide were in the range of 70–80 % for diacetate and up to 97 % for dioctanoate. The two‐step one‐pot process from sorbitol is highly efficient for isosorbide diacetate (up to 71 % yield), whereas the esterification with octanoic acid is more sensitive to the presence of by‐products (up to 57 % yield).
Synthesis of a Safranin T ‐ p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene Complex by Means of Supramolecular Complexation
Authors: Ashwin Bosco Christin Maria Arputham , Vinothini Arumugam , Stalin Thambusamy , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of water insoluble supramolecular complex is achieved from highly water soluble p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (p‐SC4) and Safranin T (ST). The analysis of the complex reveals the cavity packing of ST with p‐SC4. The solution state studies also confirms the binding efficiency at lower concentrations. Electrochemical behavior of ST and p‐SC4 explains the variation in redox potential upon binding. The ROESY and NOESY techniques reveals the spatial interaction of protons of p‐SC4 with ST in solution and solid state respectively.
Rapid Redox Processes of c‐Type Cytochromes in A Living Cell Suspension of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1
Authors: Liu Tongxu , Wu Yundang , Li Fangbai , Li Xiaomin , Luo Xiaobo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough in vitro studies with purified proteins have demonstrated that extracellular electron transfer (EET) mediated by cell membrane‐associated c‐type cytochromes (c‐Cyts) occurs very fast, in vivo evidence for the transient redox transformation of c‐Cyts is still lacking. By employing a UV/Vis optical‐fibre spectrometer with an integrated‐sphere detector, rapid spectral changes in 5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (5‐HNQ) and c‐Cyts in living Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 were collected on a second and even 10 ms scale. The reaction kinetics were analysed in four stages: (i) oxidized c‐Cyts (c‐Cytox) was transformed into reduced c‐Cyts (c‐Cytred) via intracellular electron transfer from the oxidation of formate (0.763 μM s−1), (ii) c‐Cytred was rapidly oxidized by 5‐HNQ (‐35.3 μM s−1), (iii) c‐Cytox was slowly reduced to c‐Cytred (0.003 μM s−1) and simultaneously most of the 5‐HNQ was reduced (‐0.999 μM s−1), and (iv) c‐Cytred was regenerated (0.044 μM s−1) after most of the 5‐HNQ was reduced. A standard redox potential of −6.2 mV for c‐Cyts was obtained based on the kinetic data and Nernst equations, and then the redox potentials of 5‐HNQ and c‐Cyts during the entire reaction period were calculated. This study provides a direct molecular level observation of the in vivo rapid EET processes under non‐invasive physiological conditions.
Intermolecular Stetter Reactions on Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Adducts: an Approach to Highly Functionalized 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Gomes Ralph C. , Barcelos Rosimeire C. , Rodrigues Manoel T. , Santos Hugo , Coelho Fernando 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe reported herein an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐mediated intermolecular Stetter reaction between oxidized Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) adducts and a variety of aldehydes. This protocol allows the synthesis of highly functionalized 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction is an alternative approach to these compounds using commercially available starting materials. This metal‐free process exhibits a wide substrate scope, excellent atom economy, compatibility with functionalized substrates and mild reaction conditions. The 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds were prepared in two steps via MBH reactions with overall yields up to 99 %. This protocol is easily scalable. The synthetic usefulness of this method was demonstrated in a high yield synthesis of a tri‐substituted pyrrole used as an advanced intermediate in the total synthesis of kinase inhibitors as well as in the synthesis of another heterocycles.
The Synthesis of 3‐Arylquinolines from o‐Nitrobenzaldehydes and β‐Nitrostyrenes via an Iron‐Promoted Reductive Cyclization
Authors: Li Deng‐Kui , Cai Qun , Zhou Rong‐Rong , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn iron‐mediated one‐pot synthesis of 3‐arylquinolines from o‐nitrobenzaldehydes and β‐nitrostyrenes has been developed. Iron acted as dual roles to trigger the reduction of o‐nitrobenzaldehydes and reduction hydrolysis of β‐nitrostyrenes, which subsequently integrated to quinoline derivatives.
Reengineering red blood cells for cellular therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Pierigè Francesca , Bigini Noemi , Rossi Luigia , Magnani Mauro 
Published: January 2017

Recently optimized technologies that permit the reversible opening of nanopores across the red blood cell membrane, give the extraordinary opportunity for reengineering human erythrocytes to be used in different biomedical applications, both for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Engineered erythrocytes have been exploited as a system for the controlled release of drugs in circulation upon encapsulation of prodrugs or small molecules; as bioreactors when they are endowed of recombinant enzymes able to catalyze the conversion of toxic metabolite into inert products; as drug targeting system for the delivery of compounds to the reticuloendothelial system inducing proper senescent signals on the drug‐loaded erythrocyte membrane; as carrier of contrasting agents for diagnostic procedures. Preclinical development of these different applications has taken advantage from the use of proper animal models whose erythrocytes can be reengineered as the human ones or the encapsulation procedures can be adapted on the basis of their specific erythrocyte biological features. Successful results, obtained bothin vitroand in preclinical studies, have prompted several clinicians to start pilot clinical investigations in different conditions and some new companies to start the industrialization of selected loading technologies and to initiate clinical development programs. This short review summarizes the key features that, to the best of our knowledge, have been crucial to advance the products toward regulatory clinical approval making reengineering of erythrocytes a modality to treat patients with limited or absent therapeutic options.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2017, 9:e1454. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1454This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging TechnologiesDiagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Fluoride and Heavy Metal Accumulation by Vegetation in the Fluoride Affected Area of Talupula, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Nagaraju A. , Thejaswi A. , Aitkenhead-Peterson J. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
A detailed survey showed that groundwater fluoride was 6.1ppm in the Talupula area of the Anantapur district in southern India which is higher than is normally observed in groundwater elsewhere in India but not so extreme as that reported in Andhra Pradesh (up to 21 mg L−1). Groundwater is used for irrigating agricultural crops as well as for drinking which may expose its population to higher concentrations of fluoride through their diet. A preliminary study examined the concentrations of fluoride in five agricultural crops in the Talupula area and the soil beneath agricultural crops. The stem and leaves of Heliathusannuas, Arachishypogaea, Morusalba, Lychopersiconesculantum, and Phaseolus vulgaris were examined for fluoride and heavy metal accumulation. Heavy metal (Zn, Cu and Pb) accumulation in the stem and leaves were examined to determine if there was any correlation between their uptake and that of fluoride. In the soil beneath the crops, fluoride concentrations ranged from 6.53±0.44 to 8.23±1.22 ppm and a significant accumulation of fluoride was observed in the stems (13.2±2.0 to 23.9±3.6 ppm; p &lt; 0.001) and leaves (16.4±1.9 to 61.5±4.5 ppm) of the agricultural plants. A significant accumulation of fluoride was observed from the stem to the leaves for all plants (p &lt; 0.03) except Helianthus annuas. Copper also displayed significant accumulation from the soil to the stems in some of the plants tested but there was no significant accumulation of zinc or lead. A significant translocation from the stem and accumulation in the leaves was not observed for Cu or Pb but there was significantly higher zinc in the leaves of Arachishypogaea and Morusalba when compared to their stems. This study demonstrated that agricultural plants grown under field conditions and irrigated with groundwater high in fluoride will accumulate fluoride, but that fluoride is unlikely to have a significant effect on Cu, Zn or Pb accumulation in the stems and leaves of agricultural plants of the area. While drinking water is still the major cause of fluorosis in southern India, consumption of foods with high fluoride concentrations may also increase the risk of fluorosis.
An Insight into Slope Stability Using Strength Reduction Technique
Authors: Maji V. B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
In Shear strength reduction (SSR) technique, the factor of safety (FOS) is defined as the ratio of the material’s actual shear strength to the minimum shear strength required to prevent failure. Failure surface is found automatically through the zones within the material, where applied shear stresses cross the shear strength of the material. In this paper, a review of the technique is discussed in reference to FLAC. A brief background of the approach together with detailed procedure is presented. An attempt is made to exhibit the shear strength dependency of the strain. As stability of the slope is a function of the shear strength, the development of failure strain reflects the potential failure zone of slope. The shear strain developed in the slope increases with reduction in the shear strength and is reflected in the analysis. The concept of failure ratio (Rf) is incorporated in shear strength reduction technique and is demonstrated. Relationships between the critical shear strength reduction ratio and the safety factor are examined.
Geological Introduction to Strontium-Rich Sub-soil Brine with Emphasis on the Little Rann of Kutch and Bhavnagar, Gujarat
Authors: Gogda Azaz A. , Patidar Rajesh , Rebary Babulal 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The methodology for green mining operation, one that extracts minerals from waste brine water for eco-friendly products, is appealing. Little Rann of Kutch (LRK) and the sites near Bhavnagar associated with producing sub soil brine water which contain strontium up to 215 mg/L. This value is significant considering its value in sea water (∼8 mg/L). The high-strontium brines also contain elevated lithium (up to 2.98 mg/L) and uranium (up to 0.1 mg/L). The occurrence of strontium in the India’s brine water is poorly understood and inadequately represented in the literature. The objectives of this report, therefore, are to illustrate where strontium-rich brine waters occur in Gujarat (India). The investigation of strontium, lithium and uranium in sub-soil brine was accomplished by the ICP-OES instrument. We have checked the pH, density, specific gravity and Degree Bowme (DB’) of the all samples. Alkali and alkaline earth metals like Na, K, Mg, Ca and Ba; metalloid B; transition element like Zn, Cr and Fe; heavy metals like Cd, Pb and Ni were also analysed for toxicity evaluation and anion Cl− and SO4−2 were analysed by classical methods. Field wise, there is considerable variation in strontium, lithium and uranium in sub-soil brine water.
Evaluation of a Premixed Insulin Analog Suspension in Japanese People with Type 2 Diabetes and the Clinical Importance of Improved Injection Techniques: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Suzuki Kunihiro , Aoki Chie , Kato Kanako , Shimizu Masanori , Sakurai Shintaro , Yanagi Kazunori , Kuroda Hisamoto , Aso Yoshimasa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with type 2 diabetes, who live in Asian countries, often use premixed insulin analogs. However, if these solutions are insufficiently mixed prior to use, patients will receive inaccurate doses of intermediate- and/or short-acting insulin, which could affect diabetes control. This study aimed to determine whether insulin users were correctly resuspending premixed insulin analog solutions prior to use.

Methods
We investigated whether Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were correctly resuspending their premixed insulin analog solutions by assessing the optical densities (ODs) of the solutions.

Results
Among 476 patients who used premixed insulin analogs, we found that the ODs of residual insulin differed significantly from the control values, particularly for high-mix insulin suspensions.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that patients should be educated about the importance of properly resuspending these insulin analog solutions prior to use.

Trial Registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN No. 000022329).
The rebound of the forgone alternative
Authors: Arens Zachary G. , Hamilton Rebecca W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFifty years of cognitive dissonance research suggests that when consumers make a difficult choice, the alternative they forgo is devalued for an extended period of time, making it less likely to be chosen in the future. In a series of four studies, we show that completely consuming the chosen alternative moderates this effect. After the chosen alternative has been consumed, creating a sense of consumption closure, the attractiveness of forgone alternative rebounds to its original value.
Nature, Purpose, and Norm: A Program in American Philosophy
Authors: STOVALL PRESTON 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:For over a century there has been a protracted effort in American philosophy to use Darwinian explanatory resources in order to make certain leading ideas in German idealism naturalistically intelligible. I trace some of the nineteenth and twentieth century contours of this effort. In doing so I outline an understanding of ourselves as norm-laden persons in a natural world. As a consequence, philosophical inquiry—understood in C. S. Peirce's sense as the practice of the ‘normative sciences’ of aesthetics, logic, and ethics—can be understood as the self-conscious and rational exercise of natural and socially conditioned capacities to sense, think, and act. This leaves us with a project, by no means completed, to frame categories through which to understand thesociohistorical developmentof the notions of beauty, truth, and goodness as a process continuous with thenatural evolutionof the nervous system in its sensory, central, and motor moments.
Real-time visual feedback during training improves laypersons’ CPR quality: a
randomized controlled manikin study
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Cornara Stefano , Contri Enrico , Epis Francesco , Fina Dario , Zelaschi Beatrice , Dossena Cinzia , Fichtner Ferdinando , Tonani Michela , Di Maggio Marzia , Zambaiti Elisa , Somaschini Alberto 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
The chances of surviving an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depend on early
and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Our aim is to verify
whether the use of feedback devices during laypersons’ CPR training improves
chest compression quality.

Methods
Laypersons totalling 450 participating in Basic Life Support and Automated
External Defibrillation (BLS/AED) courses were randomly divided into three
groups: group No Feedback (NF) attended a course without any feedback, group
Short Feedback (SF) a course with 1-minute training with real-time visual
feedback, and group Long Feedback (LF) a course with 10-minute training with
real-time visual feedback. At the end of each course, we recorded 1 minute of
compression-only CPR. The primary end point was the difference in the
percentage of compressions performed with correct depth.

Results
There was a significant improvement in the percentage of compressions with
correct depth in the groups receiving feedback compared to the other (NF v. LF,
p=0.022; NF v. SF,
p=0.005). This improvement was also present in the
percentage of compressions with a complete chest recoil (71.7% in NF, 86.6% in
SF, and 88.8% in LF; p&lt;0.001),
compressions with the correct hand position (93.2% in NF, 98.2% in SF, and
99.3% in LF; p&lt;0.001), and in the Total
CPR Score (79.4% in NF, 90.2% in SF, and 92.5% in LF;
p&lt;0.001). There were no significant
differences for all of the parameters between group SF and group LF.

Conclusions
Real-time visual feedback improves laypersons’ CPR quality, and we suggest
its use in every BLS/AED course for laypersons because it can help achieve the
goals emphasized by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
recommendations.
Social Phenomenology, Mass-Society and the Individual in Hegel and Heidegger
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article argues that Hegel’s dialectic of wealth and power in the stage of social development called ‘culture’ (Bildung) reveals that even in moments of profound social alienation, Spirit (Geist)—the labour of constructing identity and freedom—remains. This stands in sharp contrast to Heidegger’s theory of alienation and Dasein’s ‘publicity’ (Offentlichkeit), which paints modern social existence as a profound threat to the very ‘Being’ and ‘possibilities’ of human life. The supposed threats of inauthenticity and mass existence are, from a Hegelian perspective, failures of adequate social phenomenology. The desiring, affective subject is not absorbed in the ‘they’ (das Man) but is, instead, the negativity that constantly transforms culture and the structure of social selfhood.
Making Sense of Husserl’s Notion of Teleology: Normativity, Reason, Progress and Phenomenology as ‘Critique from Within’
Authors: Aldea Andreea Smaranda 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe paper examines Husserl’s notion of teleology through the lens of necessity and argues that there are two senses of teleology—historical and transcendental—at work in the task of phenomenology, especially as Husserl comes to conceive it in theCrisis. To understand not only how these two senses are related but also how their relationship shapes Husserl’s notions of normativity, reason, and progress, I argue that we must look closely at phenomenology as a distinctive form of critique, namely critique ‘from within’. What emerges is a philosophical stance that is fundamentally ambiguous: at once historical and transcendental-eidetic. This productive notion of ambiguity, I contend, differentiates Husserl’s conceptions of normativity, reason and progress from their Enlightenment guises.
Numerical Investigation of Slip Effects on Hydromagnetic Flow Due to a Rotating Porous Disk in a Nanofluid with Internal Heat Absorption
Authors: Anjali Devi S. P. , Elakkiya Priya T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent days, nanofluids have derived the attention of researchers, scientists and engineers due to their abundant applications in Engineering and technology and specific applications such as Electronics cooling, vehicle cooling, medical applications including cancer therapy and so on. Motivated by these applications of nanofluids, this work is mainly concerned with the convective heat transfer of nanofluids. MHD slip flow of nanofluids with heat absorption over a rotating disk subjected to suction has been analyzed. Two types of nanofluids such as copper-water nanofluid and silver-water nanofluid are considered for the present study. The system of axisymmetric nonlinear partial differential equations governing the hydromagnetic steady flow and heat transfer are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by introducing suitable similarity transformations. The resulting non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by most efficient Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique for satisfaction of asymptotic boundary conditions along with Runge – Kutta Fehlberg Method. The flow field is affected by the presence of physical parameters, such as magnetic interaction parameter, suction parameter, slip parameter and solid volume fraction, whereas the temperature field is addionally affected by magnetic interaction parameter, suction parameter, internal heat absorption parameter and solid volume fraction. With the amplifying effect in magnetic interaction parameter, suction parameter, slip parameter and solid volume fraction, the radial and tangential velocities decline. Axial velocity gets decelerated for increasing magnetic interaction parameter and slip parameter whereas it gets accelerated for growing effect of suction parameter and solid volume fraction. The temperature of the fluid within the boundary layer enhances with the increasing effect of magnetic interaction parameter and solid volume fraction while it reduces for increasing values of the suction parameter and internal heat absorption parameter. Also the values of radial and tangential skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are obtained numerically and are tabulated.
Short-term, high-fat overfeeding impairs glycaemic control but does not alter gut hormone responses to a mixed meal tolerance test in healthy, normal-weight individuals
Authors: Parry Siôn A. , Smith Jennifer R. , Corbett Talitha R. B. , Woods Rachel M. , Hulston Carl J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObesity is undoubtedly caused by a chronic positive energy balance. However, the early metabolic and hormonal responses to overeating are poorly described. This study determined glycaemic control and selected gut hormone responses to nutrient intake before and after 7 d of high-fat overfeeding. Nine healthy individuals (five males, four females) performed a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT) before and after consuming a high-fat (65 %), high-energy (+50 %) diet for 7 d. Measurements of plasma glucose, NEFA, acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and serum insulin were taken before (fasting) and at 30-min intervals throughout the 180-min MTT (postprandial). Body mass increased by 0·79 (sem 0·14) kg after high-fat overfeeding (P<0·0001), and BMI increased by 0·27 (sem 0·05) kg/m2 (P=0·002). High-fat overfeeding also resulted in an 11·6 % increase in postprandial glucose AUC (P=0·007) and a 25·9 % increase in postprandial insulin AUC (P=0·005). Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1 and GIP responses to the MTT were all unaffected by the high-fat, high-energy diet. These findings demonstrate that even brief periods of overeating are sufficient to disrupt glycaemic control. However, as the postprandial orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic/insulintropic (GLP-1 and GIP) hormone responses were unaffected by the diet intervention, it appears that these hormones are resistant to short-term changes in energy balance, and that they do not play a role in the rapid reduction in glycaemic control.