bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative histomorphological study of endometrium in mares
Authors: Herrera M. , Herrera J. M. , Cantatore S. , Aguilar J. , Felipe A. , Fumuso E. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryUterine acute post‐breeding inflammation is a physiological tissue response to the entry of exogenous elements, with persistent endometritis being the main pathology responsible for subfertility in the mare (Equus ferus caballus;Linnaeus, 1758). Mares can be classified assusceptibleorresistantto endometritis according to their ability to remove intrauterine fluid within 48 hr after experimental inoculation. Endometrial biopsy is a technique that is commonly used to establish the degree of lesions that can affect the fertility of the mare. Endometrial histomorphometry is an objective and highly precise diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to compare, during oestrus, the endometrial histomorphometry of mares previously classified as susceptible (SM) or resistant (RM) to endometritis. Endometrial biopsies from 24 mares at the oestrus phase of the cycle were obtained. For the histomorphometric analysis, samples were histologically processed and subjected to routine Haematoxylin–Eosin staining. For the evaluation, the variables were considered as follows: 1‐Height of the lining and glandular epithelia (LiningSM = 15.9 μm vs.RM = 13.3 μm; GlandularSM = 15.0 μm vs.RM = 13.0 μm); 2‐Perpendicular diameters of endometrial glands (SM = 51.3 μm vs.RM = 44.8 μm); 3‐Number of endometrial glands per field (SM = 24.8 glands/field vs.RM = 20.5 glands/field). The results from this study suggest the existence of a relationship between the studied characteristics and the susceptibility/resistance to post‐breeding endometritis in mares. Thus, increased epithelial height, greater glandular density and greater development of the glands during oestrus would be related to a higher susceptibility to endometritis.
Institutional setting and wealth gradients in cesarean delivery rates: Evidence from six developing countries
Authors: Sepehri Ardeshir 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of the type of institutional setting on cesarean delivery is well documented. However, the traditional boundaries between public and private providers have become increasingly blurred with the commercialization of the state health sector that allows providers to tailor the quantity and quality of care according to patients’ ability to pay. This study examined wealth‐related variations in cesarean rates in six lower‐ and upper‐middle income countries: the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guatemala, Jordan, Pakistan, and the Philippines.MethodsDemographic and Health Survey data and a hierarchical regression model were used to assess wealth‐related variations in cesarean rates in government and private hospitals while controlling for a wide range of women's socioeconomic and risk profiles.ResultsThe odds of undergoing a cesarean delivery were greater in private facilities than government hospitals by 58% in Jordan, 129% in Guatemala, and 262% and 279% in the Dominican Republic and Egypt, respectively. Additional analysis involving interactions between the type of facility and wealth quintiles indicated that wealthier women were more likely to undergo a cesarean birth in government hospitals than poorer women in all countries but the Dominican Republic and Guatemala. Moreover, in both Egypt and Jordan, differences in cesarean rates between government and private hospitals were smaller for the wealthier strata than for the nonwealthy.ConclusionsLarge wealth‐related variations in the mode of delivery across government and private hospitals suggest the need for well‐developed guidelines and standards to achieve a more appropriate selection of cases for cesarean delivery.
British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus, 2018
Authors: Lewis F.M. , Tatnall F.M. , Velangi S.S. , Bunker C.B. , Kumar A. , Brackenbury F. , Mohd Mustapa M.F. , Exton L.S. , McHenry P.M. , Leslie T.A. , Wakelin S. , Hunasehally R.Y.P. , Cork M. , Johnston G.A. , Chiang N. , Worsnop F.S. , Buckley D. , Petrof G. , Salin A. , Callachand N. , Saunders C. , Salad A.A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLinked Comment: Akel and Fuller. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:823–824.Plain language summary available online
When are they old enough to drink? Outcomes of an Australian social marketing intervention targeting alcohol initiation
Authors: Jones Sandra C. , Andrews Kelly , Francis Kate L. , Akram Muhammad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis paper reports on the evaluation of an Australian whole‐of‐community social marketing intervention targeting social norms, which aimed to reduce inflated perceptions of the prevalence of underage drinking and increase the age at which alcohol initiation is considered acceptable.Design and MethodsA community‐wide intervention was delivered in a single community over a period of 2 years, targeting adolescents, parents and community members. Pre‐and post‐intervention computer‐assisted telephone interview surveys were conducted in the intervention and a matched comparison (control) community. A total of 417 respondents completed both surveys (215 in the intervention community and 202 in the control community).ResultsThe intervention community saw an increase of 6 months in the average age at which it is perceived to be acceptable for young people to have a sip/taste of alcohol and 5 months in the average age at which it is perceived to be acceptable to have weak/watered down alcohol. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the perception of the prevalence of alcohol consumption by young people to a level consistent with actual underage drinking rates. In comparison, the control community saw no change in any of these variables.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that a whole‐of‐community social marketing intervention can change perceptions of the prevalence, and acceptability, of underage drinking. Given the central role of social norms in decisions regarding alcohol consumption, these changes have the potential to reduce parental supply and thus underage drinking.
Life‐history characteristics of European birds
Authors: Storchová Lenka , Hořák David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMotivationBirds are an extremely diverse group in terms of adaptations to environmental conditions, which is reflected in their life histories and ecological traits. Recently, functional aspects of avian diversity have been used frequently in comparative analyses as well as in community ecology studies; thus, open access to complete datasets of traits will be valuable. We focused on European bird species and compiled information about crucial ecological traits. This dataset is thus useful for research investigating large‐scale patterns in European avifauna and can be used in various analyses in evolutionary ecology, macroecology or conservation biology.Main types of variables containedWe chose several types of avian traits, such as morphological (e.g., weight, wing, bill or tarsus length), reproductive (e.g., clutch size, egg mass, incubation period or type of young) and behavioural traits (type of nest, mating system or type of parental care), dietary (e.g., folivore, granivore, insectivore or carnivore) and habitat preferences (e.g., deciduous/coniferous forest, reed or grassland).Spatial location and grainEurope; all breeding bird species (n = 499).Major taxa and level of measurementIn total, we created a dataset for 499 bird species breeding in Europe and 34 key life‐history traits represented in 85 variables. As a primary source of information we used the comprehensive handbook The birds of the Western Palearctic. The traits provide information about species‐specific mean values. We did not record values for different geographical subspecies (i.e., the trait value always represents the average for the whole breeding area of a particular species).Software formatThe data file is in ASCII text, tab delimited, not compressed.
Development of evidence‐based nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for emergency nursing: A Delphi study
Authors: Ju Qiao‐Yan , Huang Li‐Hua , Zhao Xue‐Hong , Xing Mei‐Yuan , Shao Le‐Wen , Zhang Mei‐Yun , Shao Rong‐Ya 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo establish evidence‐based nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for emergency nursing in China.BackgroundChina lacks nursing‐sensitive quality indicators necessary for assessing the quality of emergency nursing and essential to nursing management.DesignProspective.MethodsA literature search for relevant evidence‐based studies was performed using several databases from January 2009–May 2014. Previously reported quality indicators were identified as appropriate for assessment by a panel of 40 experts in emergency medicine and nursing. Two successive rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted using questionnaires designed by the experts. Kendal's W coordination coefficients were calculated for indicator importance, rationality of calculation and feasibility of data collection.ResultsThirty‐three quality indicators were initially proposed for expert evaluation. After round 1 of expert discussion, Kendal's W coordination coefficients were .152 for importance, .092 for rationality and .141 for feasibility of data collection (all p < .001). Seven unsuitable items were discarded in round 1 and 11 discarded in round 2, which also added one new item. Finally, the experts reached consensus on 16 items established as appropriate nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for emergency nursing care.ConclusionEvidence‐based nursing‐sensitive quality indicators were established through a consensus of experts in emergency nursing and medicine.Relevance to clinical practiceThe current findings may provide a theoretical basis for establishing an emergency nursing quality database and improving the quality of emergency nursing care in China.
Maternal anemia during pregnancy and slightly higher risk of asthma in male offspring
Authors: Harju Maijakaisa , Pekkanen Juha , Heinonen Seppo , Keski‐Nisula Leea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine whether maternal hemoglobin levels or anemia during pregnancy are associated with the development of asthma among offspring.MethodsData were retrieved from the birth register database of Kuopio University Hospital between 1989 and 2007 (n = 38 381). Hemoglobin levels were measured during three trimesters of pregnancy and anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The prevalence of asthma was determined from the register of reimbursement for medication for asthma at the Finnish Social Security Institution. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible associations between prenatal factors and development of asthma ever.ResultsA total of 8198 (21.4%) women had anemia at some stage of pregnancy. Mild maternal anemia during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of asthma among male offspring (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.94) compared with those with normal maternal hemoglobin levels. This finding remained significant also after applying the Bonferroni correction.ConclusionMale offspring with maternal anemia during the first trimester of pregnancy had significantly more asthma ever than the offspring of women with normal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy. These findings were not strong but suggest possible sex‐specific effects of maternal health on prenatal programming and future risk of asthma.
Cow's milk allergic children—Can component‐resolved diagnostics predict duration and severity?
Authors: Petersen Thomas Houmann , Mortz Charlotte Gotthard , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Eller Esben 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCow's milk allergy (CMA) affects 2% of all children. This study investigatescomponent‐resolved diagnostics(CRD) to cow's milk proteins in children suspected of CMA, by correlating the level of CRD with outcome of the oral challenge. Furthermore, we evaluate the ability of serial CRD measurements to distinguish children with persistent CMA from children developing tolerance.MethodsWe included data from 78 children referred to the Allergy Centre during a 13‐year period. Results from oral food challenges including threshold, severity, and sensitization data (IgE antibodies to whole milk protein, IgE components toward milk and skin prick test (SPT)) were collected. The milk allergic children were re‐evaluated with sensitization data and rechallenges regularly.ResultsThirty‐nine children had negative first challenges, and 39 had positive first challenges. The positive group was rechallenged and separated into 3 groups depending on time to remission. At inclusion, children with persistent CMA had significantly larger size of SPT and higher levels of s‐IgE to milk and CRD compared to the other groups. SPT wheal size was significantly larger in children with persistent CMA compared to children outgrowing CMA. Furthermore, a correlation between s‐IgE level to cow's milk and casein and the severity of the allergic reaction elicited by food challenges was found.ConclusionOral food challenge cannot be replaced by s‐IgE to whole milk protein or milk components nor SPT in the diagnosis of CMA; however, high levels of milk components and s‐IgE to milk increase the risk of a long‐lasting or persisting CMA.
Reduced CDHR3 expression in children wheezing with rhinovirus
Authors: Stenberg Hammar Katarina , Niespodziana Katarzyna , van Hage Marianne , Kere Juha , Valenta Rudolf , Hedlin Gunilla , Söderhäll Cilla 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundRhinovirus‐induced wheezing in young children has been associated with increased asthma risk at school age. Recently, the transmembrane protein cadherin‐related family member 3 (CDHR3) was identified as the RV‐C receptor and the genetic variant rs6967330 (p.Cys529Tyr) was reported to be associated with enhanced RV‐C binding and increased replication in vitro. The aim of this study was to examine rs6967330 genotypes and mRNA expression of CDHR3 in relation to presence of rhinovirus and clinical symptoms in children with acute wheezing and compare to a group of age‐matched healthy children.Methodsrs6967330;G>A was genotyped (n = 216), and CDHR3 mRNA expression was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes (n = 69) from a subgroup of children wheezing with RV infection acute and at a follow‐up visit 2‐3 months later, and in healthy controls. Standardized TaqMan assays were used.ResultsThe risk allele rs6967330‐A was over‐represented in the wheezing group (P < .001). Reduced mRNA levels of CDHR3 were found in children with acute wheezing as compared to the control group (P = .001). Children with the rs6967330 genotypes AA/AG showed the largest differences in CDHR3 expression between acute and follow‐up visit (P < .04).ConclusionsPreschool children with RV‐induced wheezing were shown to have reduced CDHR3 mRNA levels, which might result in an increased permeability of the epithelial layers of the airways and thereby an increased vulnerability. Thus, measuring CDHR3 mRNA levels might help to identify a more severe phenotype of wheezing preschool children.
Association between pro‐inflammatory alleles and allergic phenotypes in Xhosa adolescents
Authors: Laurence Craig , van der Merwe Lize , Zhang Guicheng , Le Souëf Peter , Levin Michael 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSignificant differences exist in the prevalence, spectrum, and severity of allergic diseases between developing and developed countries and between subpopulations within single countries. These discrepancies likely result from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. However, the precise nature of the contribution of ethnicity to genetic differences in the predisposition to allergic disease is not yet fully understood. In particular, there is a paucity of literature regarding the genetic determinants of allergic disease in people of black African origin with little or no genetic admixture.ObjectiveWe aimed to analyze associations between 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and allergy phenotypes in the local Xhosa population.MethodsA convenience sample of 213 Xhosa teenagers was enrolled at a local high school. Phenotypic data were collected in the form of a symptom questionnaire, skin prick tests for common food and aeroallergens, total serum IgE, and IgE toAscaris lumbricoides. In addition, genotyping was performed to establish the prevalence of putative pro‐inflammatory alleles.ResultsWe demonstrated several significant associations between polymorphisms and allergy phenotypes. In particular, 2 polymorphisms in theIL‐10 gene (IL10 ‐592A>C andIL10 ‐1082A>G) and 1 in theIL‐4 gene (IL4 ‐589C>T) showed multiple associations with allergic sensitization and asthma phenotypes. Other polymorphisms, across a multitude of genes with discrepant functions, showed less consistent associations.ConclusionThis study represents an important first step in genotype/phenotype association in this population. Further research is required to confirm or refute our findings.
The onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the deep Eastern Mediterranean basin
Authors: Manzi Vinicio , Gennari Rocco , Lugli Stefano , Persico Davide , Reghizzi Matteo , Roveri Marco , Schreiber B. Charlotte , Calvo Ran , Gavrieli Ittai , Gvirtzman Zohar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAstronomical tuning of the Messinian pre‐salt succession in the Levant Basin allows for the first time the reconstruction of a detailed chronology of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) events in deep setting and their correlation with marginal records that supports the CIESM () 3‐stage model. Our main conclusions are (1) MSC events were synchronous across marginal and deep basins, (2) MSC onset in deep basins occurred at 5.97 Ma, (3) only foraminifera‐barren, evaporite‐free shales accumulated in deep settings between 5.97 and 5.60 Ma, (4) deep evaporites (anhydrite and halite) deposition started later, at 5.60 Ma and (5) new and published 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that during all stages, evaporites precipitated from the same water body in all the Mediterranean sub‐basins. The wide synchrony of events and 87Sr/86Sr homogeneity implies inter‐sub‐basin connection during the whole MSC and is not compatible with large sea‐level fall and desiccation of the Mediterranean.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Polymyxin B from Clinical Samples
Authors: Kubin Christine J. , Nelson Brian C. , Miglis Cristina , Scheetz Marc H. , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Avedissian Sean N. , Cremers Serge , Yin Michael T. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
A retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized patients receiving intravenous polymyxin B who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring during treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous polymyxin B in patients with variable total body weights and create a population model for clinical use. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling analyses were performed. A total of 43 patients were included, and 70% of these patients were male. The median age was 58 years, and the median weight was 78 kg. The median polymyxin B dose was 180 mg/day or 2.8 mg/kg/day. A one-compartment model described the polymyxin B PK well with conditional mean parameter estimates of a clearance (CL) of 2.37 liters/h and a volume of distribution of 34.4 liters and can be employed for clinical population modeling. Total body weight was not significantly associated with CL (Akaike information criterion, 361.6 for the weight-based model versus 359.5 for the non-weight-based model). These data suggest that dosing according to patient body weight requires further exploration. Greater study is needed to assess the relationships between polymyxin B exposures and efficacy and toxicity.
Validation of Cycloserine Efficacy in Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China
Authors: Yu Xia , Zeng Xiling , Shi Wenhui , Hu Yanjie , Nie Wenjuan , Chu Naihui , Huang Hairong 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Cycloserine (Cs) is recommended by the World Health Organization as a second-line drug to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); however, its efficacy has never been sufficiently evaluated. To gain some insights into the value of cycloserine for MDR-TB treatment,
in vitro
bacteriostatic effect was determined and patient validations were performed prospectively. The
in vitro
activity of Cs against 104 wild-type
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains was determined, and serum Cs concentrations were measured for 73 MDR TB patients 2 h after administration. The treatment outcomes for 27 MDR-TB patients who had baseline isolates and were treated with Cs-containing regimens were followed up. The MICs for 90% of the recruited 104 wild-type strains were below 32 μg/ml. Eighteen out of 52 patients had peak serum concentrations (
C
max
) below 20 μg/ml at the dosage of 500 mg daily, while 13 out of 21 patients had peak serum concentrations higher than 35 μg/ml at the dosage of 750 mg daily. The percentage of favorable treatment outcomes among patients with a
C
max
/MIC ratio of ≥1 was statistically significantly higher than that among the group with a
C
max
/MIC ratio of <1 (
P
= 0.022). The epidemiological cutoff value for Cs susceptibility testing was 32 μg/ml. A high percentage of patients receiving the recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg for Cs administration could not acquire desirable blood concentrations; therefore, adjusting the dosage according to drug concentration monitoring is necessary. The
C
max
/MIC ratio might be a good indicator for predicting the treatment outcome for patients with MDR-TB or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) who are being administered Cs-containing regimens.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cefiderocol, a Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin for Gram-Negative Bacteria, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Saisho Yutaka , Katsube Takayuki , White Scott , Fukase Hiroyuki , Shimada Jingoro 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Cefiderocol is a novel parenteral siderophore cephalosporin that shows potent efficacy against various Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant strains,
in vitro
and in preclinical models of infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of cefiderocol after both single and multiple dosing by intravenous infusion over 60 min in healthy adult subjects. A single-ascending-dose study at doses of 100, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg was conducted in 40 healthy Japanese males and females (6 individuals receiving the active drug and 2 individuals receiving a placebo per cohort). A multiple-ascending-dose study at doses of 1,000 (two groups) and 2,000 mg every 8 h (q8h) was conducted in 30 healthy Japanese and Caucasian males (8 individuals receiving the active drug and 2 individuals receiving a placebo per cohort). There were no serious or clinically significant adverse events (AEs) observed in either study. A single subject receiving 1,000 mg cefiderocol q8h was withdrawn due to AEs. Dose-proportional increases in the maximum plasma concentration (
C
max
), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration after dosing, and the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated from time zero to infinity were observed across the dose range of 100 to 2,000 mg. The mean plasma half-life of cefiderocol was 1.98 to 2.74 h. Cefiderocol was primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (61.5% to 68.4% of the dose). There was little accumulation of
C
max
and AUC by dosing q8h, and the PK of cefiderocol did not change with multiple dosing. This study indicates that single and multiple intravenous doses of cefiderocol at up to 2,000 mg are well tolerated in healthy subjects and exhibit linear PK at doses up to 2,000 mg.