bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved metabolic control in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), responsive phenylketonuria with sapropterin administered in two divided doses vs. a single daily dose
Authors: Kör Deniz , Yılmaz Berna Şeker , Bulut Fatma Derya , Ceylaner Serdar , Mungan Neslihan Önenli 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground:Phenylketonuria (PKU) often requires a lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet. Introduction of 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has made a huge difference in the diets of patients with PKU. BH4 is the co-factor of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and improves PAH activity and, thus, Phe tolerance in the diet. A limited number of published studies suggest a pharmacodynamic profile of BH4 more suitable to be administered in divided daily doses.Methods:After a 72-h BH4 loading test, sapropterin was initiated in 50 responsive patients. This case-control study was conducted by administering the same daily dose of sapropterin in group 1 (n=24) as a customary single dose or in two divided doses in group 2 (n=26) over 1 year.Results:Mean daily consumption of Phe increased significantly after the first year of BH4 treatment in group 2 compared to group 1 (p<0.05). At the end of the first year of treatment with BH4, another dramatic difference observed between the two groups was the ability to transition to a Phe-free diet. Eight patients from group 2 and two from group 1 could quit dietary restriction.Conclusions:When given in two divided daily doses, BH4 was more efficacious than a single daily dose in increasing daily Phe consumption, Phe tolerance and the ability to transition to a Phe-unrestricted diet at the end of the first year of treatment.
An evaluation of the effect of botanical insecticide, palizin in comparison with chemical insecticide, imidacloprid on the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe and its natural enemy, Aphidius colemani Viereck
Authors: Gholamzadeh-Chitgar Moloud , Pourmoradi Sadegh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe black citrus aphid,Toxoptera aurantiiBoyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of citrus species, feeds by sucking sap from plant leaves. It causes some leaf distortion and malformation of growing leaves and shoot tips. In this study, the effects of the botanical insecticide, palizin onT. aurantiiand its parasitoid,Aphidius colemaniViereck (Hymenoptera: Brachonidae) were compared with the chemical insecticide, imidacloprid. The compounds were evaluated at maximum recommended field concentrations: palizin 2,000 ppm, imidacloprid 500 ppm, water (as control) on adult aphids. Spraying was done with a 100-l engine Honda sprayer (GX120T1, 160T1, 200T) until run-off. The number of dead aphids was recorded 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. According to the results, statistically significant differences were found between treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Twenty-four hours after treatment, imidacloprid was more effective than palizin in reducing theT. aurantiipopulation. Palizin showed high efficiency (95% mortality) 72 hours after treatment. However, at that time, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean mortality percentages of imidacloprid and palizin. This shows that botanical insecticide, palizin can effectively controlT. aurantii. Also, palizin caused low mortality (10.86%) onA. colemaniwhile imidacloprid was more toxic (31.1% mortality). The results of the present study indicated that palizin can be used instead of chemical insecticide, imidacloprid in control programs ofT. aurantii.
On the k-th order lfsr sequence with public key cryptosystems
Authors: Kirlar Bariş Bülent , Çİl Melek 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel encryption scheme based on the concepts of the commutative law of the k-th order linear recurrences over the finite field 𝔽
q
for k > 2. The proposed encryption scheme is an ephemeral-static, which is useful in situations like email where the recipient may not be online. The security of the proposed encryption scheme depends on the difficulty of solving some Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) problems. It has also the property of semantic security. For k = 2, we propose another encryption scheme by using the commutative law of Lucas and Fibonacci sequences having also the same security as proposed for k > 2.
Some remarks on formal power series and formal Laurent series
Authors: Bugajewski Dariusz , Gan Xiao-Xiong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this article we consider the topology on the set of formal Laurent series induced by the ultrametric defined via the order. In particular, we establish that the product of formal Laurent series, considered in [GAN, X. X.—BUGAJEWSKI, D.:On formal Laurent series, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. 42 (2011), 415–437], is not continuous. We also show some applications of fixed point theorems to some nonlinear mappings defined on the space of formal power series or on the space of formal Laurent series. Finally, in the second part of the paper, we propose another approach to study of dot product and multiplication of formal Laurent series, in particular establishing integral representation of dot product and convolution representation of multiplication.
The geometry of two-valued subsets of Lp
-spaces
Authors: Weston Anthony 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Let 𝓜(Ω, μ) denote the algebra of all scalar-valued measurable functions on a measure space (Ω, μ). Let B ⊂ 𝓜(Ω, μ) be a set of finitely supported measurable functions such that the essential range of each f ∈ B is a subset of {0,1}. The main result of this paper shows that for any p ∈ (0, ∞), B has strict p-negative type when viewed as a metric subspace of L

p
(Ω, μ) if and only if B is an affinely independent subset of 𝓜(Ω, μ) (when 𝓜(Ω, μ) is considered as a real vector space). It follows that every two-valued (Schauder) basis of L

p
(Ω, μ) has strict p-negative type. For instance, for each p ∈ (0, ∞), the system of Walsh functions in L

p
[0,1] is seen to have strict p-negative type. The techniques developed in this paper also provide a systematic way to construct, for any p ∈ (2, ∞), subsets of L

p
(Ω, μ) that have p-negative type but not q-negative type for any q > p. Such sets preclude the existence of certain types of isometry into L

p
-spaces.
The First Two Viennese Productions of Prodaná nevěsta and Their Performers
Authors: Reittererová Vlasta 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In June of 1892, Smetana’s Prodaná nevěsta (The Bartered Bride) was heard in Vienna for the first time as part of a guest appearance by the Czech National Theatre at the International Musical and Theatrical Exhibition. The clear success of the opera and of the performances of the National Theatre ensemble was reflected in the reviews of the Viennese critics, who were calling for German-language performances of Prodaná nevěsta on the stage of the Court Opera. On the basis of information from the archives of the Court Opera (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv), one can document the reasons why, as it turned out, the first Viennese (and German-language) stage to produce the opera was the Theater an der Wien in April 1893, and why the premiere at the Court Opera did not occur until three years later. The study also devotes attention to the first performers for both productions of Prodaná nevěsta and to the circumstances of the two Viennese premieres, which opened up the pathway to other stages around the world after a thirty-year delay.
Crystal structure of diaqua-(2,2′-(butane-1,4-diyl)-bis(5-carboxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato)-κ4
O,O′,N,N′)cadmium(II) monohydrate, C14H18O11N4Cd
Authors: Li Ya-Xue , Wen Dong-Xiao , An Meng-Jin , Yang Huai-Xia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C14H18CdN4O11N4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.5135(3) Å, b = 9.8632(3) Å, c = 11.1419(4) Å, α = 83.239(1)°, β = 82.000(1)°, γ = 61.461(1)°, V = 907.93(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0288, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0781, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(ethoxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenolato-κ2
O,N)copper(II), C36H38CuN4O6
Authors: Zhao Li , An Qin-Qin , Zhao Ji-Xing , Li Peng-Peng , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C36H38CuN4O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.7510(12) Å, b = 6.4718(7) Å, c = 24.254(2) Å, β = 101.99(1)°, V = 1650.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0525, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1621, T = 293(2) K.
Trinitarian Paradigm for Dialogue
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A dialogue as a social reality consists, first and foremost, in communication between those who realize that they are called to notice and to accept the other and to treat him or her with proper respect. Such a dialogue may be motivated either by the desire to share the good or by the willingness to avoid conflict. The aforementioned approaches are marked by distinctly different attitudes, which are not only rooted in two different methodologies and have two different aims, but they also encompass two diverse procedures. More importantly, engaging in dialogue may also be motivated by realizing one’s own mission in life, i.e. acting in harmony with the spiritual nature of the human being, who is a relational being. Upon realizing his or her likeness to the Triune God, i.e. the inseparable communion of the Divine Persons, a Christian discovers that the Holy Trinity constitutes the model and source for his or her own involvement in maintaining relationships with other people.
Chiara Lubich, the founder of the Focolare Movement was a contemporary thinker, who had realized and creatively developed the human vocation for unity in the likeness of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. This movement, founded by Lubich, has both lay and consecrated members who are devoted to building the culture of unity based upon promoting dialogue as a tool for interpersonal communication. The aim of this article is to present the spiritual experience of Chiara Lubich, which marks the origin of this new concept of a dialogue rooted in the mystery of Divine unity.
Level of Assurance Management Automation for Dynamic Identity Federations based on Vectors of Trust
Authors: Hommel Wolfgang , Grabatin Michael , Metzger Stefan , Pöhn Daniela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccessing remote IT services through identity federations (IFs) is based on solid technical protocols such as the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and OpenID Connect. However, reliable delegated user authentication and authorization also pose organizational challenges regarding the quality management of user data. Level of Assurance (LoA) concepts have been adapted and applied to IFs, but their inhomogeneous proliferation bears the risk of aggravating instead of simplifying the manual work steps. This is increased by the providing IT services for multiple or dynamically set up IFs. This article presents a novel LoA management approach that has been designed for a high degree of automation, adopts the approach for the dynamic metadata exchange by GÉANT-TrustBroker and exemplifies its usage.
Providing Information Centricity in Today’s Internet via Software-Defined Networking and In-Network Processing
Authors: Gerhard Tim , Schwerdel Dennis , Müller Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Internet is a successful network that connects people all over the world. However, it has some fundamental architectural problems which require application developers and service providers to spend a tremendous effort in combating these. Examples for these efforts are content delivery networks or mobile TCP. Thus, it can be said that the Internet is currently not fulfilling the requirements on the global network anymore. The Internet of the future, or its replacement, must solve these problems.There are multiple clean-slate approaches for information-centric networking. However, they are inherently incompatible to the Internet or applications building on it.This work presents a novel resource transport protocol that is optimized for detection by software-defined networks and may be re-routed to in-network processors. Furthermore, it is shown how this protocol can be used to support concepts of ICN even in today’s Internet. Moreover, the resource format that is used in this work is independent from the underlying network, resulting in possible reuse in other networks as well. Applications and protocols building on this resource format can thus easily be re-used in clean-slate networks like NDN.
Aeronautical Inspirations in Biomechanics
Authors: Maroński Ryszard 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Introduction. The goal of the paper is to show that some problems formulated in the dynamics of atmospheric flight are very similar to the problems formulated in the biomechanics of motion and medicine. Three problems were compared: minimumheat transfer from the boundary layer to the ballistic missile skin, minimum-time ski descent, and the minimisation of the negative cumulated effect of the drug in cancer chemotherapy. Material and methods. All these problems are solved using the same method originally developed for aerospace systems - the method of Miele (the extremisation method of linear integrals via Green’s theorem). Results. It is shown that the problems arising in different branches of knowledge are very similar in problem formulations, mathematical models, and solution methods used. Conclusions. There are no barriers between different disciplines.
Empirical Investigation of Optimization Algorithms in Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Bahar Parnia , Alkhouli Tamer , Peter Jan-Thorsten , Brix Christopher Jan-Steffen , Ney Hermann 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTraining neural networks is a non-convex and a high-dimensional optimization problem. In this paper, we provide a comparative study of the most popular stochastic optimization techniques used to train neural networks. We evaluate the methods in terms of convergence speed, translation quality, and training stability. In addition, we investigate combinations that seek to improve optimization in terms of these aspects. We train state-of-the-art attention-based models and apply them to perform neural machine translation. We demonstrate our results on two tasks: WMT 2016 En→Ro and WMT 2015 De→En.
Evaluating the Usability of a Controlled Language Authoring Assistant
Authors: Miyata Rei , Hartley Anthony , Kageura Kyo , Paris Cécile 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results of a usability evaluation of a controlled language (CL) authoring assistant designed to help non-professional writers create machine translatable source texts. As the author drafts the text, the system detects CL rule violations and proscribed terms. It also incorporates several support functions to facilitate rephrasing of the source. In order to assess the usability of the system, we conducted a rewriting experiment, in which we compared two groups of participants, one with the aid of the system and the other without it. The results revealed that our system helped reduce the number of CL violations by about 9% and the time to correct violations by more than 30%. The CL-applied source text resulted in higher fluency and adequacy of MT outputs. Questionnaire and interview results also implied the improved satisfaction with the task completion of those participants who used the system.
Towards Optimizing MT for Post-Editing Effort: Can BLEU Still Be Useful?
Authors: Forcada Mikel L. , Sánchez-Martínez Felipe , Esplà-Gomis Miquel , Specia Lucia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe propose a simple, linear-combination automatic evaluation measure (AEM) to approximate post-editing (PE) effort. Effort is measured both as PE time and as the number of PE operations performed. The ultimate goal is to define an AEM that can be used to optimize machine translation (MT) systems to minimize PE effort, but without having to perform unfeasible repeated PE during optimization. As PE effort is expected to be an extensive magnitude (i.e., one growing linearly with the sentence length and which may be simply added to represent the effort for a set of sentences), we use a linear combination of extensive and pseudo-extensive features. One such pseudo-extensive feature, 1–BLEU times the length of the reference, proves to be almost as good a predictor of PE effort as the best combination of extensive features. Surprisingly, effort predictors computed using independently obtained reference translations perform reasonably close to those using actual post-edited references. In the early stage of this research and given the inherent complexity of carrying out experiments with professional post-editors, we decided to carry out an automatic evaluation of the AEMs proposed rather than a manual evaluation to measure the effort needed to post-edit the output of an MT system tuned on these AEMs. The results obtained seem to support current tuning practice using BLEU, yet pointing at some limitations. Apart from this intrinsic evaluation, an extrinsic evaluation was also carried out in which the AEMs proposed were used to build synthetic training corpora for MT quality estimation, with results comparable to those obtained when training with measured PE efforts.
Rule-Based Machine Translation for the Italian–Sardinian Language Pair
Authors: Tyers Francis M. , Alòs i Font Hèctor , Fronteddu Gianfranco , Martín-Mor Adrià 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the process of creation of the first machine translation system from Italian to Sardinian, a Romance language spoken on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. The project was carried out by a team of translators and computational linguists. The article focuses on the technology used (Rule-Based Machine Translation) and on some of the rules created, as well as on the orthographic model used for Sardinian.
Applying N-gram Alignment Entropy to Improve Feature Decay Algorithms
Authors: Poncelas Alberto , Maillette de Buy Wenniger Gideon , Way Andy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractData Selection is a popular step in Machine Translation pipelines. Feature Decay Algorithms (FDA) is a technique for data selection that has shown a good performance in several tasks. FDA aims to maximize the coverage of n-grams in the test set. However, intuitively, more ambiguous n-grams require more training examples in order to adequately estimate their translation probabilities. This ambiguity can be measured by alignment entropy. In this paper we propose two methods for calculating the alignment entropies for n-grams of any size, which can be used for improving the performance of FDA. We evaluate the substitution of the n-gram-specific entropy values computed by these methods to the parameters of both the exponential and linear decay factor of FDA. The experiments conducted on German-to-English and Czech-to-English translation demonstrate that the use of alignment entropies can lead to an increase in the quality of the results of FDA.
Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English
Authors: Ataman Duygu , Negri Matteo , Turchi Marco , Federico Marcello 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe necessity of using a fixed-size word vocabulary in order to control the model complexity in state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) systems is an important bottleneck on performance, especially for morphologically rich languages. Conventional methods that aim to overcome this problem by using sub-word or character-level representations solely rely on statistics and disregard the linguistic properties of words, which leads to interruptions in the word structure and causes semantic and syntactic losses. In this paper, we propose a new vocabulary reduction method for NMT, which can reduce the vocabulary of a given input corpus at any rate while also considering the morphological properties of the language. Our method is based on unsupervised morphology learning and can be, in principle, used for pre-processing any language pair. We also present an alternative word segmentation method based on supervised morphological analysis, which aids us in measuring the accuracy of our model. We evaluate our method in Turkish-to-English NMT task where the input language is morphologically rich and agglutinative. We analyze different representation methods in terms of translation accuracy as well as the semantic and syntactic properties of the generated output. Our method obtains a significant improvement of 2.3 BLEU points over the conventional vocabulary reduction technique, showing that it can provide better accuracy in open vocabulary translation of morphologically rich languages.
Palaeopathological Evidence of Infectious Disease in a Skeletal Population from Late Medieval Riga, Latvia (15Th-17Th Centuries AD)
Authors: Gerhards Guntis , Pētersone-Gordina Elīna , Krūmiņa Zita 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of infectious disease in the Dome Church (Riga Cathedral) Cemetery population, dating from the late medieval period (15th-17th centuries AD). A total of 274 individuals were macroscopically observed for evidence of infectious disease, and seven individuals with lesions possibly associated with a bacterial infection affecting the skeleton were selected for further analysis. Pathological changes on the outer table of the skull and in the long bones of legs characteristic of venereal syphilis were observed in four female and one male individual. Likewise, changes possibly related to late congenital syphilis were observed in a 14-15-year-old non-adult individual. All these individuals were buried in a small area adjacent to the northern wall of the Dome Church, which possibly belonged to a hospital or a shelter. The evidence for venereal syphilis from the cemetery complements historical data about the spread of the disease in Riga during the 16th-17th centuries AD. One adult male individual had destructive changes in the lower spine, which could be associated with tuberculosis (TB). So far, this is the first individual with possible TB from the archaeological populations of Riga. This research provides unique evidence about infectious disease in skeletal populations from the late medieval period in Latvia, and the results will be used as the basis for future research in the subject, including extraction of ancient pathogen DNA.
Regional Differences in Agriculture in Slovakia after Its Accession to the European Union
Authors: Némethová Jana , Civáň Marek 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union is reflected in the development of agricultural production in Slovakia. The development of livestock production faced significant changes reflected in its overall decrease. The decrease in the level of agricultural production in Slovakia between 2002 and 2010 is shown by several indicators assessed in this paper. Its main aim is to highlight differences in Slovak agriculture at the level of LAU I, which are districts of Slovakia, according to the selected indicators of agricultural production between 2002 and 2010. We analyse the development of regional differences in Slovak agriculture that have widened under the influence of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The development of selected indicators of agricultural production was analysed using the change index, which best represents differences in the development of agriculture in the Slovak regions.
Structural drilling using the high-frequency (sonic) rotary method
Authors: Šporin Jurij , Vukelić Željko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In Slovenia, there is widespread use of structural drilling along with classical core drilling. Recently, however, the need has arisen for a highly effective core drilling method with the aid of which high-quality core might be obtained. In order to achieve this aim, one among several Slovenian companies dealing with geological surveying has decided to implement structural drilling using a high-frequency drilling method. The following article presents the theoretical foundations for such a high-frequency method, as well as the manner of its implementation. In the final part of the article, a practical comparison between the conventional and the high-frequency core drilling methods is also provided.