bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavity Resonance Biomedical Sensor
Authors: Lucklum Ralf , Zubtsov Mikhail , Arango Simon Villa 
Published: April 2016

We report on first steps towards a phononic crystal sensor for biomedical applications. Phononic crystals and metamaterials allow for unprecedented control of sound propagation. The classical ultrasonic sensors, acoustic microsensors and MEMS resonator sensors face severe limitations when applying them to small volume liquid analytes. Phononic crystal sensors are a new concept following the route of photonic crystal sensors. Basically, the material of interest, here a liquid analyte confined in a cavity of a phononic crystal having a solid matrix constitutes one component of the phononic crystal. In an application as chemical sensor the value of interest, let’s say the concentration of a toxic compound in liquid, is related to acoustic properties of the liquid in the cavity. A change in the concentration causes measurable changes in the properties of the phononic crystal. Transmission or reflection coefficients are appropriate parameters for measurement. Specifically, a resonance induced well separated transmission peak within the band gap is the most favorable feature. The sensor scheme therefore relies on the determination of the frequency of maximum transmission as measure of concentration.
Promising applications like biomedical sensors, point-of-care diagnostics or fast screening introduce further engineering challenges, specifically when considering a disposable element containing the analyte. The three key challenges are the strong restriction coming from limitations to approved materials for the analyte container, geometric dimensions in the mm-range common in hospital or point-of-care environment and acoustic coupling between sensor platform and analyte container.
A Discrete Model for an Electrostatically Driven Micro-Hydraulic Actuator
Authors: Shiari Behrouz , Sadeghi Mahdi M. , Darvishian Ali , Najafi Khalil 
Published: April 2016

High-force, large-deflection actuators are critical for devices such as valves and pumps used in micro-fluidic systems. The major technical impediment in improving the performance of the micro-actuators lies in the lack of understanding the physical phenomena and their interactions of electric, mechanical, and fluidic fields for performing their intended functions. Because of the complexity of the actuator, the fully coupled numerical analysis such as finite element analysis is extremely expensive.
Here, we introduce a discrete model of an Electrostatic Micro-Hydraulic (EMH) actuator. The model considers all dynamic forces which are involved in a time operation of the hydraulic actuator cell and covers three major physics: electrostatic, mechanical and fluidic. The physics have been coupled together to investigate the dynamic of the device.
The discrete dynamic model developed in this work may be used for simple yet accurate predictions of dynamic performance of such actuators, and is preferable to more complicated and very expensive coupled numerical models. The analysis relies on physics-based equations and can be modified to accommodate different chamber geometries, different material properties and different working fluids. Results from the analytical model compare favorably with experimental measurements.
Investigation of Thermoelastic Loss Mechanism in Shell Resonators
Authors: Darvishian Ali , Shiari Behrouz , Cho Jae Yoong , Nagourney Tal , Najafi Khalil 
Published: April 2016

Maximizing quality (Q) factor is key to enhancing the performance of micro mechanical resonators, which are used in a wide range of applications such as gyroscopes, filters, and clocks. There are several energy loss mechanisms commonly associated with micro resonators including anchor loss through the substrate, squeeze film damping, thermoelastic dissipation (TED), and surface loss. This work focuses on the thermoelastic loss as one of the major energy dissipation mechanisms of micro shell resonators.
In this article, the effects of material properties, thickness, conductive coating and operating temperature on the Q-factor of micro shell resonators are investigated. Numerical simulation shows shell resonators have higher Q-factors when they are operating at lower temperatures. Although, the magnitude of the simulated Q-factors of an uncoated bare resonator made from fused silica is more than 70 million and so it is too high to have a remarkable effect on the total Q-factor, our study shows that even a thin layer of some conductive coatings like gold on the surface of a bare shell reduces Q-factor significantly. The sensitivity of the coated shell resonator design to the TED phenomenon provides useful information for the development of new micro shell resonators with improved performance and Q-factors.
Vibration Vulnerability of Rod Baffle Type Heat Exchanger: Case Study Badak LNG MCR Aftercooler
Authors: Hutagalung Frilo Fitrasali 
Published: April 2016

Badak LNG plant utilizes Multi Component Refrigerant (MCR) as cooling medium for natural gas liquefaction. In the process system, a heat exchanger is serving as compressor aftercooler that cools down this MCR (gas with mostly Methane and Ethane) by means of sea cooling water. This particular heat exchanger is constructed with Rod-Baffle design with Titanium tubes. The design also incorporates a vapour belt at shell inlet/outlet that is functioned as flow distributor.
Badak LNG has 8 plants called process trains; with each process train has one MCR aftercooler. The aftercooler at each train has difference in terms of vapour belt design.
During plant operations, vibration problem has repetitively occurred in all MCR aftercooler and caused tube leaks. However, a computational fluid dynamics study revealed that the fluid velocity was low enough to generate tube vibrations. However, Rod-Baffle design uses single support direction per baffle. With 4 axis of support (X+, X-, Y+, Y-), one direction support will repeat at the 5th support, 10th support, and so on.
Calculation was then made to confirm the effect if one of the baffle failed to support. This condition will increase the length between baffle by 2 times. Consequently, the fluid critical velocity will decrease by 4 times.
This approach was then compared with the fluid velocity pattern inside the exchanger shell. It concludes that the fluid velocity is above its critical velocity. Thus, the exchanger is vulnerable to vibrations.
Each MCR aftercooler has different vulnerability to vibrations due to vapour belt different designs. The study has concluded the comparison of vulnerability of the exchangers. Exchanger A has 25.9 % tubes having tubes vulnerable to vibrations, while Exchanger F (with different vapour belt design) has only 1.92 % tubes vulnerable to vibrations. With 2000 tubes quantity, the effect to process conditions is significantly different between exchangers.
This paper concludes that design of vapour belt can significantly improve the reliability of Rod-Baffle type heat exchanger.
Lightweight Communication Overhead Authentication Scheme Using Smart Card
Authors: Y. F. Al_Sahlani Ahmed , Lu Songfeng 
Published: April 2016

<p>Authentication takes its place to grant authorized user a remote access to certain online resources. As well, prevent unauthorized user from accessing that resources. Unforyunatly most of authentication schemes consider only security factors without taking in consideration the communication resources required. Recently, Li et. al. proposed an enhanced smart card based remote user password authentication scheme. We analyzed their scheme and we pointed out that, their scheme required high communication overhead. Furthermore, their scheme suffer from forgery, user impersonation and server impersonation attacks. Through this paper to address aforesaid weaknesses, we propose a Lightweight communication overhead authentication scheme using smart card. The security and performance analysis shows that, our proposed scheme is lightweight communication and computation cost as well secure and can withstand wide spectrum of malicious attacks, like forgery, insider, replay and stolen smart card attack. Besides, our scheme encompasses desired security attributes. Therefore, it is suitable for practical use compared to other related scheme. </p>
Vocational Higher Education Governance Recommendation Based On Cobit 5 Enabler Generic Model
Authors: Nugroho Heru , Surendro Kridanto 
Published: April 2016

<p>Enterprise governance for higher education can be viewed as arrangements that include a variety of university assets in order to support the strategy in achieving the goals and objectives. In the implementation governance in university there are factors that affect good governance which are individual or groups. This factors are then called an enabler of enterprise governance. In the previous research obtained the fact that the enabler of enterprise governance that provide significant influence in the governance of vocational higher education is the organization structure and information. Using four common dimensions for enablers in COBIT 5 Enabler Generic Model will give recommendation for governance in vocational higher education. These recommendations are expected help the vocational higher education in preparation of blue print of governance needs by considering the enablers of organizational structure and information.</p>
China in Turkish Academic Literature
Authors: Sezen Seriye 
Published: April 2016

Although China oriented academic interest in Turkey began in 1930s with the aim of learning Turks’ past from Chinese sources, this interest was limited to a smaller community of scholars consisting of sinologists and historians up to the 1990s. The paper deals with the evaluation of Turkish academic literature on China and tries to reveal the topography of China oriented academic works with some insight into academic community. First, it briefly reviews the Sino-Turkish relations and recent developments of China studies in Turkey. Thereafter, findings of the survey based on the examination of master and PhD theses in the field of social sciences in Turkey are discussed.
It shows a positive correlation between quantitative growth of theses and diversification of research areas and the post 1980 transformation process of China in one hand, and the growth of Turkey-China relations in the other. Moreover, the academic motives and aims have changed compared to those of the early period. The researchers are now more oriented to China’s present and future than its past and they tend to understand and explain China’s rising, its future and its influence on Turkey’s economy with a more pragmatic approach.
Do two South American species of Cheilanthes (Pteridaceae) traditionally linked to the Cheilanthes marginata group, belong to Gaga?
Authors: Ponce Monica , Scataglini Maria Amalia 
Published: April 2016

The phylogenetic positions of Cheilanthes hieronymi and C. poeppigiana are tested using DNA sequences of plastid matK and rbcL markers. These South American species are historically linked to Cheilanthes marginata, now transferred to the new genus Gaga. The results showed that C. hieronymi and C. poeppigiana are located outside Gaga. The study corroborated that the morphological similarities between the two species and the genus Gaga were resulted from convergences.
Stachys hakkariensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey) belonging to Stachys sect. Olisia
Authors: AKÇİÇEK Ekrem , FIRAT Mehmet , GÜNER Özal 
Published: April 2016

Stachys hakkariensis, a new species of S. sect. Olisia, is described and illustrated from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. From the morphological point of view, S. hakkariensis appears to be similar to S. sparsipilosa, but it differs in several morphological features regarding the stem, leaves, flower and fruit. Geographical distribution, habitat and IUCN conservation status of this species are provided.
A Simple Method Based on Routine Observations to Nowcast Down-Valley Flows in Shallow, Narrow Valleys
Authors: Duine Gert-Jan , Hedde Thierry , Roubin Pierre , Durand Pierre 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple relation to diagnose the existence of a thermally driven down-valley wind in a shallow (100 m deep) and narrow (1–2 km wide) valley based on routine weather measurements has been determined. The relation is based on a method that has been derived from a forecast verification principle. It consists of optimizing a threshold of permanently measured quantities to nowcast the thermally driven Cadarache (southeastern France) down-valley wind. Three parameters permanently observed at a 110-m-high tower have been examined: the potential temperature difference between the heights of 110 and 2 m, the wind speed at 110 m, and a bulk Richardson number. The thresholds are optimized using the wind observations obtained within the valley during the Katabatic Winds and Stability over Cadarache for the Dispersion of Effluents (KASCADE) field experiment, which was conducted in the winter of 2013. The highest predictability of the down-valley wind at the height of 10 m (correct nowcasting ratio of 0.90) was found for the potential temperature difference at a threshold value of 2.6 K. The applicability of the method to other heights of the down-valley wind (2 and 30 m) and to summer conditions is also demonstrated. This allowed a reconstruction of the climatology of the thermally driven down-valley wind that demonstrates that the wind exists throughout the year and is strongly linked to nighttime duration. This threshold technique will make it possible to forecast the subgrid-scale down-valley wind from operational numerical weather coarse-grid simulations by means of statistical downscaling.
Partial or Total Eighth Nerve Section in the Treatment of Vertigo
Authors: Silverstein Herbert 
Published: April 2016

Partial vestibular (singular) neurectomy under general anesthesia through a postauricular approach is an effective method of relieving incapacitating benign positional vertigo, as is the case in 14 of 16 patients (87%) so treated.Middle fossa vestibular neurectomy appears to be a worthwhile procedure to deinnervate the peripheral vestibular system while preserving hearing. The results of 27 middle fossa vestibular neurectomies indicate relief of vertigo in 85% of the patients.The results of treatment on 44 patients undergoing transmeatal‐cochleovestibular neurectomy indicated that vertigo was relieved in 19 of 23 (82%) with Meniere's disease and Improved in 50% of the patients with poststapedectomy vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss. Tinnitus was cured or markedly improved in 80% of the patients with Meniere's disease and 70% of the patients with poststapedectomy sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus.The transmeatal‐transcochlear approach to the internal auditory canal offers advantages over the transmeatal labyrinthectomy or translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal.
A New Method for Determining Impulsive Time Constants and Their Application to Clinical Data
Authors: Sills Andrew W. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: April 2016

We have developed an accurate, convenient method for determining unique values of vestibular time constants from impulsive tests. The method was used to determine the mean values and standard deviations of 36 normal subjects. A comparison between these normal values and data from patients with cerebellopontine (CP) angle tumors or unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions showed no significant difference in the values of the time constants. We conclude that shape‐descriptive parameters such as time constants cannot differentiate between subjects and patients.
Vestibular System Abnormalities in Otosclerotic Subjects
Authors: Parnes Steven , Black F. Owen , Wall Conrad , O'Leary Dennis P. , Feltyberger Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

A technique to quantify the tandem Romberg test (posturography) was used to study ten patients with otosclerosis before (series 1), 48 hours after (series 2), and between two to four months after (series 3) a stapedectomy. The results were analyzed by power spectrum analysis and then compared to findings from electronystagmographic testing performed with series 1 and 3.There was no significant change In the electronystagmography (ENG) test findings between series 1 and 3. Posturography, however, demonstrated an uncompensated vestibular pattern in the immediate postoperative period which, after two months, converted to a compensated vestibular pattern. Posturography serves as a useful quantitative test for the study of patients with balance disorders because the procedure supplements rather than complements the ENG. In addition, posturography detects vestibular reflex abnormalities in stapedectomized patients two months afterwards. Other testing modalities have not consistently demonstrated this postoperative vestibular system instability.
Rhytidectomy (Face‐Lift) in the Otolaryngologic Practice
Authors: DeMoura Luiz F. P. 
Published: April 2016

A surgical procedure is described that minimizes the lifting of the hairline in rhytidectomy by locating most of the incision inside the hair. Traction of the skin is directed at producing a soft, rounded contour. The author reports good results on 30 patients in two years' time.Appropriateness of rhytidectomy depends on psychologic factors and on biologic rather than chronologic age. Operation under general anesthesia is preferred and should be confined to a simple procedure.However, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and mentoplasty are often performed at the same time. Forehead lifting is a desirable associated procedure in which the incisions can be joined. Cutting of the muscle fibers is preferred to resection of the frontal corrugator. Minilifting to obtain Oriental slant eyes is considered a wasted effort.
Enhanced real-time determination of resistivity anisotropy and dip using multifrequency and multicomponent induction logging
Authors: Hou Junsheng , Donderici Burkay , Torres David 
Published: April 2016

Multicomponent induction (MCI) logging is able to provide a wealth of measurements at multiple subarrays and frequencies that can be used to evaluate complex subsurface formations. Real-time and postprocessing inversion methods have been introduced by various researchers for determining formation resistivity anisotropy (horizontal and vertical resistivity or conductivity), dip, and dip azimuth/strike using MCI measurements. The majority of these methods are based on single-frequency information. We have developed an enhanced real-time method and relevant workflow for determining formation resistivity anisotropy, dip, and dip azimuth using multifrequency MCI information. This enhanced method can be used to improve accuracy in formation evaluation applications, such as reservoir identification, hydrocarbon/water saturation calculation, and geologic and structural interpretation. Enhancements over the present single-frequency data processing include: (1) optimal harmonization of multiple single-frequency inverted logs, (2) robust determination of dip and dip azimuth angle for low-resistivity anisotropy ratios, (3) practical data-quality evaluation that takes into account the effects of formation resistivity, anisotropy ratio, and dip parameters, and (4) a new integrated workflow that can be used to determine formation anisotropy, true dip, and dip azimuth by integrating processed relative dip and azimuth and borehole directional logging data. Finally, all of these data process enhancements have been validated with synthetic data and field log data.
Better Outcomes through Learning, Data, Engagement, and Research (BOLDER) – a system for improving evidence and clinical practice in low and middle income countries
Authors:   BOLDER Research Group
Published: April 2016

Despite the many thousands of research studies published every year, evidence for making clinical decisions is often lacking. The main problem is that the evidence available is generated in conditions very different from those that prevail in routine clinical practice and with patients who are different. This is particularly a problem for low and middle income countries as most evidence is generated in high income countries.A group of clinicians, researchers, and policy makers met at Bellagio in Italy to consider how more relevant evidence might be generated. One answer is to conduct more pragmatic trials—those undertaken in routine clinical practice. The group thought that this might best be achieved by developing “learning health systems” in low and middle income countries.Learning health systems develop in communities that include clinicians, patients, researchers, improvement specialists, information technology specialists, managers, and policy makers and have a governance system that gives a voice to all those in the community. The systems focus on improving outcomes for patients, use a common dataset, and promote quality improvement and pragmatic research. Plans have been developed to create at least two learning systems in Africa.
Rare Disasters, Credit, and Option Market Puzzles
Authors: Christoffersen Peter , Du Du , Elkamhi Redouane 
Published: April 2016

We embed systematic default, procyclical recovery rates, and external habit persistence into a model with a slight possibility of a macroeconomic disaster of reasonable magnitude. We derive analytical solutions for defaultable bond prices and show that a single set of structural parameters calibrated to the real economy can simultaneously explain several key empirical regularities in equity, credit, and options markets. Our model captures the empirical level and volatility of credit spreads, generates a flexible credit risk term structure, and provides a good fit to a century of observed spreads. The model also matches high-yield and collaterized debt obligation tranche spreads, equity market moments, and index option skewness. Finally, our model implies a time-varying relationship between bond and option prices that depends on the state of the economy and that explains the conflicting empirical evidence found in the literature. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Culturable fungal diversity associated with forest leaf litter from Bhandara District of Maharashtra, India
Authors: AKARE SUNIL M. , TAGADE WALAY Y. , WARGHAT ASHNISH R. , NARYAL AVILEKH , BHARDWAJ ASHWANI 
Published: April 2016

Akare SM, Tagade WY, Warghat AR, Naryal A, Bhardwaj A. 2016. Culturable fungal diversity associated with forest leafÂ litter from Bhandara District of Maharashtra, India. Biodiversitas 17: 349-358. Diversity of leaf litter fungi were carried out in 201011.Â FourÂ samplesÂ wereÂ collectedÂ fromÂ BampewadaÂ andÂ SakoliÂ forestÂ areaÂ ofÂ BhandaraÂ District of Maharashtra, India. The Blotter paperÂ method, Segment plate method and Serial dilution methods were used to assess the diversity of fungal species. Fungi were cultivated onÂ potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar and czapek dox agar. A total of 31 species comprising 29 Ascomycetes and two ZygomycetesÂ were recognized from 4 samples collected from Bampewada and Sakoli forest area. The most abundant group was Ascomycetes. TheÂ dominant species in both the forests were A. flavus, A. niger, Aureobasidium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp.1, RhizopusÂ stolonifer, A. caespitosus, Penicillium sp.2, A. nidulans, Helminthosporium sp. and Monodictys fluctuata. While, common species wereÂ A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, Beltrania rhombica and Fusarium oxysporum. The fungal diversity was higher in theSakoli forest than that of Bampewada forest. Differences were observed in percentage occurrence of fungal species between two forestÂ areas. The reason may be that the quality of litters, different microenvironments and other characteristics in the Sakoli forest providedÂ more resources for fungi than in Bampewada forest.