bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Constitutional Meaning is not Necessarily Fixed - A Reply to Solum
Authors: Stevens Katharina 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:In this paper, I show that certain parts of constitutional texts can plausibly be thought of as having a meaning that changes and evolves on its own. This idea is widely rejected, especially but not only by a group of legal theorists who subscribe to a theory of constitutional interpretation called originalism. In a recent paper, the originalist Lawrence Solum has defended the so-called “fixation thesis”, according to which the meaning of the constitutional text is fixed when it was first enacted and does not change later on. Solum rejects the idea that the meaning of the constitutional text might evolve because he cannot identify a plausible way in which any text could have an evolving meaning. I argue that there are such texts and offer folk-fairy-tales as an example. I then go on to present reasons why constitutions can plausibly be considered to be texts that, like fairy-tales, change their meanings independently.
DETERMINAN KUALITAS HIDUP PENDERITA DM TIPE 2 DI RSUD AJJAPPANGE
Authors: Herdianti Herdianti 
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui besar risiko determinan kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe 2 di RSUD Ajjappange Kabupaten Soppeng tahun 2014.Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan <em>case control study</em>. Sampel diambil dengan dua cara yakni untuk kasus menggunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em> dan kontrol menggunakan <em>simple random sampling </em>di RSUD Ajjappange Soppeng. Kelompok kasus adalah penderita DM tipe 2 yang memiliki kualitas hidup kurang baik. Kontrol adalah penderita DM tipe 2 yang memiliki kualitas hidup cukup baik. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 152 orang dengan perbandingan kasus-kontrol 1:1. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah <em>uji odds rasio </em>dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor dukungan keluarga (<em>p</em> = 0.00 OR 5.14 95% CI: 2.56 - 10.33); umur (p = 0.00 OR 3.13 95% CI: 1.61 - 6.07); jenis kelamin (p = 0.01 OR 2.35 95% CI 1.23 - 4.51) memiliki risiko yang signifikan. Pada analisis multivariat, dukungan keluarga adalah determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe 2 di RSUD Ajjappange Soppeng (OR = 6.74). Penelitian ini menyarankan agar sebaiknya pemberian pendidikan kesehatan penatalaksanaan DM tipe 2 yang melibatkan keluarga.
A multi-platform approach to investigative journalism
Authors: Rosenthal Robert 
Published: March 2017

Robert Rosenthal began his career in journalism at The New York Times, where he was a news assistant on the foreign desk and an editorial assistant on the Pulitzer-Prize winning Pentagon Papers project. He later worked at the Boston Globe, and for 22 years at the Philadelphia Inquirer, starting as a reporter and eventually becoming its executive editor in 1998. He became managing editor of the San Francisco Chronicle in late 2002, and joined the Center for Investigative Reporting as executive director in 2008. Rosenthal has won numerous awards, including the Overseas Press Club Award for magazine writing, the Sigma Delta Chi Award for distinguished foreign correspondence, and the National Association of Black Journalists Award for Third World Reporting. He was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in international reporting, and has been an adjunct professor at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and the University of California at Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. The Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) invited Robert Rosenthal to speak about the transformational model of investigative journalism, which he has pioneered at the CIR, as the keynote speech at the ‘Back to the Source’ conference.
Panel discussion—investigative case studies
Authors: Vatsikopoulous Helen 
Published: March 2017

The transcript of a panel discussion on two Australian investigative journalism case studies, moderated by Helen Vatsikopoulos: 1. Dirty Money: The Age and ABC Four Corners investigations in 2009 and 2010 into the Federal Reserve Bank and the allegedly corrupt activities of some staff of a subsidiary company, Securency—Richard Baker, Nick McKenzie and Sue Spencer; 2. Crime Does Pay: a Sydney Morning Herald investigation into how the law enforcement agency NSW Crime Commission has been sharing the proceeds of crime with organised crime figures, cutting deals that allow them to walk away with millions of dollars—Dylan Welch, Linton Besser.
FRONTLINE: Background to 'Sulphate Sunrise' - investigating New Caledonia
Authors: Gooch Nicole 
Published: March 2017

Reporting on Vale SA, the Brazilian-based world’s second-largest nickel producer which aims to start production soon at its US$4.5 billion Goro refinery project in New Caledonia, represents a good example of the need to dedicate time building contacts on the ground and speaking to a variety of sources. This article examines a Global Mail investigation into an environmental issue that is complex from a scientific and technological point of view, but is further complicated by the multiple social, ethical, and spiritual perspectives linked to it. The mine is deeply embedded in a specific local political, economical and social framework—that of decolonisation and questions over legitimacy of power (Horowitz 2009, p. 249; van Vuuren 2008, p. 74). In terms of sources, a French environmentalist will have a radically different perspective to the environment to that of an indigenous Kanak, for whom land is first and foremost the source of identity and dignity. Views within the Kanak community also diverge.
REVIEW: Bearing witness in 40 years of Greenpeace chronicles
Authors: Robie David 
Published: March 2017

Reviews of: Rainbow Warrior Mon Amour: Trente ans de photos aux côtés de Greenpeace, by Pierre Gleizes. Paris: Glenart, 2011, 379 pp. ISBN 978-2723484558; Warriors of the Rainbow: A chronicle of the Greenpeace movement from 1971 to 1979, by Robert Hunter [40th anniversary edition]. Perth: Greenpeace and Freemantle Press, 2011, 451pp. ISBN 978-1921888809.My dog-eared yellow-covered copy of the late Robert Hunter’s Warriors of the Rainbow still has pride of place among my bookshelves. It was inspirational in many respects before I embarked on Rainbow Warrior I’s journey to the Marshall Islands in May 1985 which led to the bombing in Auckland’s Waitemata Harbour two months later and my own book Eyes of Fire about that ill-fated humanitarian voyage, so very different from most Greenpeace campaigns.
REVIEW: 'Digger' media out-manoeuvred by military
Authors: Dodson Giles 
Published: March 2017

Review of: Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting, by Fay Anderson and Richard Trembath. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2011, 501 pp, ISBN 978-0522856446 (pbk)Witnesses to War: The History of Australian Conflict Reporting provides a thorough-going account of the developments and, importantly, of continuities which have characterised Australian reporting of foreign wars since the 19th century. It is a welcome addition to the growing body of conflict reporting literature, in particular to that which concerns the local experience. It is clear the forces which structure Australian war journalism have remained relatively constant throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
ORGANISASI KURIKULUM BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Rahnang Rahnang 
Published: March 2017

In the learning process, the curriculum has a very important role, especially for teachers and
students. Therefore, to make it easier to implement the curriculum, especially in learning the
Arabic language, then it is divided into several systems.
In the Arabic language learning, the curriculum system division is then called curriculum
organization which consists of two systems i.e. Nazhariyatul Furu’ and Nazhariyatul
Wahdah. Curriculum organization is a framework or pattern of the lessons arranged based on
specific purposes of educational programs to achieve. In addition, the principle of curriculum
organization is that it is arranged to facilitate the process of learning for teachers and students
so as to achieve educational purposes effectively and optimally.
Étude phytosociologique et phytodynamique de la végétation des réserves biologiques de la forêt de Cîteaux (département de la Côte-d'Or)
Authors: Laclos Eric de 
Published: March 2017

Phytosociology and dynamics of forest communities in the reserve plots of Cîteaux (Côte-d'Or French district).
I investigate two old grown reserve plots in the domanial forest of Cîteaux (in the Côte-d'Or French district) in order to state, in a phytosociological perspective, the nature of the mesotrophic, beech-dominated forest of the Saône valley, which usually become under forest management mixed oak-hornbeam forests. They indeed belong to the Melico uniflorae - Fagetum sylvaticae Lohmeyer in Seibert 1954 association, for which a sub-association illicetosum is here proposed. They further represent a successional stage subsequent to the Carici brizoides - Quercetum roboris Neuhâusl in Mikyska et al. 1968 association, and their slow evolution depends on the intensity of past human-induced disturbances. A better understanding of the forest dynamics in reserve plots may help adapting oak management to the particular soil and ecological constraints in the Saône valley.
Corticarina parvula (Mannerheim) présente en région Rhône-Alpes (Parc national des Ecrins, Isère) (Coleopt. Latridiidae)
Authors: Dodelin Benoît 
Published: March 2017

Presence of Corticarina parvula (Mannerheim) in Rhône-Alpes area (Les Écrins national Parc, Isère department) (Coleoptera Latridiidae)
Corticarina parvula is newly indicated from the Rhône-Alpes area after two years of trapping in the strict Nature Reserve of the Lauvitel (Isère department).
Sustainable Development of Heritage Areas: Towards Cyber-Physical Systems Integration in Extant Heritage Buildings and Planning Conservation
Authors: Khodeir Laila Mohamed , Soliman Hebatallah Emam 
Published: March 2017

<strong>Although architectural heritage reflects the evolution of human civilization throughout history, nevertheless, civilized and social changes of heritage areas in many countries led to their degradation. Historical building management and planning conservation raise two important issues: the restoration and improvement of historical areas features and adopting a framework of sustainable development in heritage regions. Recently a number of processes have arose to aid in the aforementioned problems, namely the heritage building information modelling (HBIM) and the cyber-physical systems approach (CPS), where the latter is believed to achieve great potentials hereby integrating virtual models and physical construction and enabling bidirectional coordination. Since HBIM has recently been investigated through a number of recent research and application, the aim of this paper is to explore the potentials offered by the CPS, to move from 3D content model to bi-dimensional coordination for achieving efficient management of built heritage. To tackle the objective of this paper, firstly, a review of the BIM use in the field of cultural heritage was undergone, Secondly, reporting the existing BIM/HBIM platforms, analyzing cyber-physical systems integration in extant heritage buildings and in planning conservation were performed. Results of this paper took the form of detailed comparative analysis between both CPS and HBIM, which could guide decision makers working in the field of heritage buildings management, in addition to shedding light on the main potentials of the emerging CPS.</strong>
Daily rhythms of behavioral and hormonal patterns in male dromedary camels housed in boxes
Authors: Aubè Lydiane , Fatnassi Meriem , Monaco Davide , Khorchani Touhami , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Hammadi Mohamed , Padalino Barbara 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDaily rhythmicity has been observed for a number of hormonal and behavioral variables in mammals. It can be entrained by several external factors, such as light-dark cycle and scheduled feeding. In dromedary camels, daily rhythmicity has been documented only for melatonin secretion and body temperature. In this study, the daily rhythmicity of behavioral repertoire, cortisol and testosterone levels was investigated in captive male camels.MethodsSix clinically healthy male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) were used. The animals were housed in single boxes for 24 h daily and fed twice a day. Over a period of 48 h, behavioral observations were made and blood samples taken every two hours. The data were analyzed using diurnality index, conisor analysis and PROC mixed procedure.ResultsThe diurnality index for rumination and lying down was close to 0 (respectively, 0.09 and 0.19), while the indices for stereotypy, standing, feeding and walking were close to 1 (respectively, 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 and 0.85). Cosinor analysis revealed daily rhythmicity for all behaviors and for cortisol levels (acrophase at 12:57) but not for testosterone. Rumination and lying down (inactive behaviors) reached a peak during the scotophase, whereas feeding, walking and stereotypy (active behaviors) reached a peak during the photophase around midday. Cortisol level and expression of stereotypies peaked before and after food distribution and were negatively correlated (r = − 0.287,P = 0.005). Testosterone levels and expression of sexual behaviors were stimulated by the visual and olfactory contacts with the females and were positively correlated (r = 0.164,P = 0.040). Testosterone was also negatively correlated with cortisol (r = − 0.297;P = 0.003).DiscussionThese preliminary results provided new knowledge about the daily rhythm of behaviors in camels housed in boxes, suggesting that camels exhibit diurnal behavior pattern in the maintenance conditions outlined in the study. Daily rhythmicity seemed to be entrained not only by the light-dark cycle but also by scheduled feeding. The rise in stereotypy after food distribution could be due to the persistence of feeding motivation and frustration after the ingestion of food. Therefore, feeding practices should be improved to satisfy the foraging and feeding motivation of these camels. Behavioral and hormonal daily patterns in camels should be taken in consideration to adapt the management system, giving the animals more freedom during the light period and a diet richer in fiber, so as to improve reproductive performance, health and welfare.
A Quality Improvement Initiative for Inpatient Advance Care Planning
Authors: Sacks Olivia A. , Murphy Megan , O’Malley James , Birkmeyer Nancy , Barnato Amber E. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented advance care planning (ACP) billing codes in 2016 to encourage practitioners to conduct and document ACP conversations, and included ACP as a quality metric in the CMS Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative in 2018. Use of this billing code in the inpatient setting has not been studied.ObjectiveTo determine whether a quality improvement intervention to increase inpatient ACP is effective in increasing ACP billing rates or changing hospital treatment plans or patient outcomes.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis nationwide cohort study and difference-in-differences analyses compared changes in ACP billing, treatment, and outcomes in Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who were hospitalized and cared for by 3 different groups: practitioners employed by a national acute care staffing organization who underwent an ACP quality improvement intervention, nonintervention practitioners at the same hospital, and control group practitioners from other hospitals. Using data from the Master Beneficiary Summary File, acute care hospital stays for nonsurgical conditions were linked to Medicare enrollment, claims, and vital status data from 1-year preadmission to 1-year postadmission from 2015 to 2019. The ACP billing rates for each group were assessed for associations with 6 inpatient treatments and 4 outcomes. Data analyses were performed from January 2022 to December 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBilled ACP conversations, receipt of intensive care and life support (intensive care unit admission, gastrostomy tube placement, mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy), treatment limitations (newly initiated do-not-resuscitate orders) and outcomes (discharge to hospice, inpatient death, 30-day postadmission death, and 1-year postadmission death).ResultsThe total study sample included 109 intervention hospitals, 1691 control hospitals, nearly 12 million Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years and older, and 738 309 practitioners associated with admissions from 2016 to 2018. ACP billing rates increased more for the intervention (1.3% in preintervention to 14.0% in postintervention; P &amp;lt; .001) than for the nonintervention (same hospitals) and control groups (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.1 intervention vs control). Increased ACP billing rates were significantly associated with decreased rates of inpatient death in the intervention group (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00) compared to the nonintervention (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) and control groups (reference). All other associations were nonsignificant.Conclusions and RelevanceThis nationwide cohort study suggests that while the ACP quality initiative increased ACP billing, changes in clinical outcomes were inconsistent with the hypotheses. Further study is needed to address questions regarding confounding by unobserved measures of care quality.
Substance Use Emergency Department Visits Among Youths With Chronic Conditions During COVID-19
Authors: Summersett Williams Faith , Zaniletti Isabella , Masonbrink Abbey R. , Garofalo Robert , Rahmandar Maria , Karnik Niranjan S. , Donenberg Geri , Kuhns Lisa 
Published: October 2024

ImportancePediatric emergency department (ED) visits for substance use (SU) increased during COVID-19. Better understanding of trends associated with SU ED visits among youths with a chronic medical condition (CMC) is needed to target SU screening, prevention, and intervention efforts in this population.ObjectiveTo describe trends in pediatric SU ED visits before and during COVID-19 among youths in the US with and without CMCs and by race and ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, data were obtained from 47 US children’s hospital EDs in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between March 1, 2018, and March 1, 2022. The cohort included patients aged 10 to 18 years. Data analysis occurred from November 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresED visit occurrence before or during the COVID-19 pandemic and with or without the presence of a CMC. CMCs included chronic conditions (CCs) and complex CCs (CCCs).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of visits for an SU diagnosis based on diagnostic codes for youths with and without CMCs. Trends were assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for covariates and center effect.ResultsThe sample included 3 722 553 ED visits from March 1, 2018, to March 1, 2022 (1 932 258 aged 14-18 years [51.9%]; 1 969 718 female [52.9%]; 961 121 Hispanic [25.8%]; 977 097 non-Hispanic Black [26.2%]; 1 473 656 non-Hispanic White [39.6%]). Of all visits, 1 016 913 (27.3%) were youths with CCs and 367 934 (9.9%) were youths with CCCs. Youth SU ED visits increased for all groups during COVID-19. The SU ED visits increased by 23% for youths with CCs (21 357 visits [4.0%] to 23 606 visits [4.9%]), by 26% for youths with CCCs (3594 visits [1.9%] to 4244 visits [2.4%]), and by 50% for youths without CCs (4997 visits [0.4%] to 5607 visits [0.6%]). Furthermore, compared with youths without CCs, youths with CCs had consistently larger odds of SU than the other groups before COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio, 9.74; 99% CI, 9.35-10.15) and during COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio, 8.58; 99% CI, 8.25-8.92). The interaction between race and ethnicity and CMCs was significant (P for interaction &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that providing SU services to all youths during times of societal crises is critical, but particularly for youths with CMCs who experience higher potential health impacts from SU given their medical concerns.
Variation in Opioid Agonist Dosing in Clinical Trials by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Ross Rachael K. , Inose Shodai , Shulman Matisyahu , Nunes Edward V. , Zalla Lauren C. , Burlew A. Kathleen , Rudolph Kara E. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceRacial and ethnic disparities in access to treatment and quality of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have been identified in usual care settings. In contrast, disparities in treatment quality within clinical trials are relatively unexamined.ObjectiveTo estimate racial and ethnic differences in the dose of opioid agonist treatment for OUD in the first 4 weeks of treatment in clinical trials.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study performed analysis of the methadone and buprenorphine treatment arms of 3 trials conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network between May 2006, and January 31, 2017, at multiple Clinical Trials Network sites across the US. Trial participants who were randomized to and initiated buprenorphine or methadone treatment and who identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or non-Hispanic White were included in the present study. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2023, to August 5, 2024.ExposureCombined race and ethnicity as self-classified by the patient at trial enrollment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe maximum daily dose of buprenorphine or methadone received in each week for the first 4 weeks of treatment. The mean dose and the percentage of patients receiving a higher dose (buprenorphine ≥16 mg and methadone ≥60 mg) were compared across race and ethnicity groups.ResultsA total of 1748 patients (1263 who initiated buprenorphine and 485 who initiated methadone treatment) were included in the analysis (1168 [66.8%] male; median age, 33 [IQR, 26-45] years). Of these, 138 patients (7.9%) identified as Black, 273 (15.6%) as Hispanic, and 1337 (76.5%) as White. In week 4, Black patients received buprenorphine doses 2.5 (95% CI −4.6 to −0.5) mg lower and methadone doses 16.7 (95% CI, −30.7 to −2.7) mg lower compared with White patients, after standardizing by age and sex. In week 4, the percentage of patients receiving a higher dose of medication (buprenorphine ≥16 mg; methadone ≥60 mg) was 16.9 (95% CI, −31.9 to −1.9) points lower for Black patients compared with White patients. Hispanic and White patients received similar buprenorphine doses; Hispanic patients received lower methadone doses than White patients.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of data from 3 clinical trials, White patients generally received higher doses of medication than Black patients. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms of and interventions to reduce disparities in OUD treatment quality and how such disparities impact generalizability of trial results.