bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The group behavior analysis of the high-frequency traders based on Mean Field Games approach
Authors: Egorov Lev V. , Trusov Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present an approach to describe the group behavior of the high-frequency traders in the stock market based on Mean Field Games and optimal control theory.
The problem is formalized as a system of coupled PDEs: Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck, evolving forward in time with initial condition, and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman, evolving backwards in time with terminal condition.
Under certain assumptions, the system of PDEs can be reduced to Riccati-type ODEs.
We solve the inverse problem to describe the behavior of the high-frequency traders during the Chinese stock market crisis in 2015.
Longitudinal chiral forces in photonic integrated waveguides to separate particles with realistically small chirality
Authors: Martínez-Romeu Josep , Diez Iago , Golat Sebastian , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J. , Martínez Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chiral optical forces exhibit opposite signs for the two enantiomeric versions of a chiral molecule or particle. If large enough, these forces might be able to separate enantiomers all optically, which would find numerous applications in different fields, from pharmacology to chemistry. Longitudinal chiral forces are especially promising for tackling the challenging scenario of separating particles of realistically small chiralities. In this work, we study the longitudinal chiral forces arising in dielectric integrated waveguides when the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes are combined as well as their application to separate absorbing and non-absorbing chiral particles. We show that chiral gradient forces dominate in the scenario of beating of non-denegerate TE and TM modes when considering non-absorbing particles. For absorbing particles, the superposition of degenerate TE and TM modes can lead to chiral forces that are kept along the whole waveguide length. We accompany the calculations of the forces with particle tracking simulations for specific radii and chirality parameters. We show that longitudinal forces can separate non-absorbing chiral nanoparticles in water even for relatively low values of the particle chirality and absorbing particles with arbitrarily low values of chirality can be effectively separated after enough interaction time.
Discussion on optical solitons, sensitivity and qualitative analysis to a fractional model of ion sound and Langmuir waves with Atangana Baleanu derivatives
Authors: Aldandani Mohammed , Rizvi Syed T. R. , Alruwaili Abdulmohsen , Seadawy Aly R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research explores new soliton solutions to the Atangana–Baleanu derivative (ABD) fractional system of equations for ion sound and Langmuir waves (FISLW). We utilize the fractional ABD operator to convert our system into an ordinary differential equations. In recent years, machine learning (ML) evolves significantly in the context of data analysis and computing different solutions, which typically enables systems to operate wisely. Now, we are going to use numerous ML tools including matplotlib. pyplot as plt, scipy.integrate, mpl toolkits.mplot3d, and Axes3D to generate various types of optical solutions by using complete discriminant of the polynomial method. We will also analyze solutions for the hyperbolic function, trigonometric function, Jacobian elliptic function (JEF), and other solitary wave solutions. Solitons have extensive uses in pure and applied mathematics, including nonlinear partial differential equations: the Boussinesq equation, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and the sine-Gordon equation, Lie groups, Lie algebras, and differential and algebraic geometry. In addition, we study the chaotic behaviour, i.e., 2D, 3D, time series, Poincarè maps, and sensitivity analysis of our governing model. Sensitivity analysis explores how changes in a system’s variables affects its behaviour.
Trust and Risk: Evidence from Rural Banks in Emerging Market
Authors: Trinugroho Irwan , Achsanta Aldy Fariz , Arifin Taufiq , Saputro Nugroho 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: This research is the first to discuss how rural bank risk-taking behaviour is affected by trust in particular when the poverty rate is high.Research Objectives: This research aims to investigate how risk in rural banks is shaped by the two dimensions of trust by taking into account different poverty levels across the regionResearch Methods: To thoroughly conduct our research, we use quarterly dataset of rural banks obtained from Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) for the period of 2010Q2 to 2016Q3 when the bail-out regime was still in effect. We employ a random effect model to account for individual heterogeneity.Empirical Result: Our evidence suggests that in-group trust is detrimental to rural banks’ risk. Conversely, out-group trust positively affects rural banks’ stability only if the region has a lower poverty level.Implications: To reduce risk, the rural bank has to use social capital and penetrate informally to the market where in-group trust is high to be able to compete with informal lending and to contribute better to society.JEL Classification: G21, G28, G32How to Cite:Trinugroho, I., Achsanta, A. F., Arifin, T., & Saputro, N. (2024). Trust and Risk Evidence from Rural Banks in Emerging Markets. Etikonomi, 23(2), 287 – 298. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.35775
Women lawyers and political polarization in Brazil
Authors: Bonelli Maria da Gloria 
Published: September 2024

A polarização política em curso no Brasil se reflete na advocacia, burilando-se os sentidos morais do profissionalismo na prática. Embora sujeito às disputas pela reconfiguração de forças profissionais no Direito, o profissionalismo persiste como o ideário dominante entre os advogados e as advogadas, mesmo quando o pêndulo político balança no cabo de guerra entre o liberalismo político e o conservadorismo. Vários estudos explicam a guinada política conservadora como consequência da massificação da OAB. Sob essa perspectiva, uma Ordem superlotada gera insatisfação com o mercado jurídico e frustração na carreira, o que incentiva os estratos inferiores da Ordem a balançar o pêndulo. O enfoque adotado aqui sugere que: 1) para a compreensão dessa oscilação é relevante observar a tensão entre os procedimentos e o poder na prática jurídica e 2) que a ecologia profissional é reciprocamente marcada pela generificação, com as mulheres construindo fronteiras simbólicas nas disputas em torno do gênero, seja de seus significados seja de espaços dentro da profissão. O trabalho de campo se baseia em entrevista semiestruturadas com advogadas; no levantamento online de dados no site do STF dos inquéritos sobre a tentativa de golpe de Estado; em sites de associações profissionais, nas redes sociais de advogadas e na bibliografia especializada.
Features of the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in mice with Lewis carcinoma on the background of induced hyperthyroidism
Authors: Frantsiyants E. M. , Bandovkina V. A. , Kaplieva I. V. , Neskubina I. V. , Surikova E. I. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Trepitaki L. K. , Gusareva M. A. , Udalenkova I. A. , Vasilieva E. O. , Cheryarina N. D. , Pozdnyakova V. V. 
Published: September 2024

Thyroid hormones (TH) influence the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, but their role in the processes of carcinogenesis is contradictory. The purpose of the study. To study the effect of induced hyperthyroidism in mice of both sexes with intertwined Lewis carcinoma (LLC) on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (GGT). Materials and methods. The experimental model was mixed-sex mice of the C57BL/6 line with subcutaneously transplanted LLC on the background of induced hyperthyroidism (main group). Two control groups were used: control group I – mice with sodium liothyronine- induced hyperthyroidism and control group II – mice with subcutaneously transplanted LLC. On the 25th day after tumor transplantation, the level of thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), total and free thyroxine (T4, FT4) was determined in the homogenates of GGT organs and in blood serum. Results. In female mice, hyperthyroidism caused an increase in the level of TRH in the hypothalamus and a decrease in TSH in the pituitary gland; in males, a decrease in TRH only in the hypothalamus. In control group II, euthyroid disorder syndrome developed: In mice of both sexes, serum levels of T4 and FT4 were found to decrease against the background of unchanged T3 levels and an increase in TSH content only in females. In the females of the main group, an increase in the level of TSH in the thyroid gland caused a decrease in T3 content in 73 % of animals against the background of normal T4 and elevated FT4 levels, in 27 % of females the T3 level increased. In males, in 73 % of the observations, the T3 level was increased against the background of high T4 and FT4 values and unchanged TSH levels. In the skin and LLC samples of the mice of the main group, an increase in T3 levels was noted. Conclusion. The growth of LLC against the background of hyperthyroidism is a process with multifactorial effects. High levels of T3 in blood serum and skin stimulated the proliferation of tumor cells, which led to the formation of subcutaneous tumors of a larger volume in the mice of the main group. Sex differences in the GGT response indicate different mechanisms that implement pathological processes.
Antitumor effect of a new human epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor
Authors: Kit O. I. , Kodonidi I. P. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Kaplieva I. V. , Glushko A. A. , Trepitaki L. K. , Surikova E. I. , Bandovkina V. A. , Pogorelova Yu. A. , Neskubina I. V. , Bykadorova O. V. , Serdyukova E. V. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of the study. Preclinical study in experiment of antitumor efficacy of a new substance synthesized on the basis of pyrimidin-4-one derivative. Materials and methods. The sodium salt of 4-{2-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-6-ethyl-4-oxo-5-phenyl-4H-pyrimidin-1-yl}-benzsulfamide, a new inhibitor of the internal domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was used in this study. All C57BL6 mice of both sexes were subcutaneously transplanted with B16/F10 melanoma. Twenty-four hours after tumor transplantation, mice in the main group (n = 18) were injected with a new EGFR inhibitor intramuscularly at a dose of 0.375 mg per mouse (15,0 mg/kg animal masses), while mice in the control group (n = 18) were injected with saline for injection. In both groups administration was carried out before natural death of animals according to the scheme: administration daily for 5 days, followed by 2 days of break. The dynamics of animal weight, dynamics of tumor node volume were evaluated, the tumor growth inhibition index (TGII) was calculated. Results. Tumor visualization time and animal weight did not statistically significantly differ between the groups during the whole study. In the main group there was a longer lifespan by 1.5 times on average (p ≤ 0.05), and smaller average tumor volume (by 19.2 times on 14 days in males, by 4.3 times in females, by 4.3 times on 28 days in males, by 2.5 times in females, p ≤ 0.05) than in the control group. At the same time, in the main group the tumor volume was smaller in males by 2.7 and 1.8 times (p ≤ 0.05), respectively on days 25 and 28 than in females. TGII in mice of both sexes was maximal on the 14th day with subsequent decrease by 40.3 % in females and only by 18.6 % in males, and during the whole experiment TGII in males was higher. Conclusion. The results showed inhibition of melanoma growth and increased lifespan of mice of both sexes (more pronounced in males) in the group with administration of a new EGFR inhibitor. This indicates the promising potential of this compound and the need to continue its preclinical study in other tumor models.
Effects of combination of melatonin and L-carnitine on in vitro maturation in mouse oocytes: An experimental study
Authors: Chegini Raziye , Sadeghi Morteza , Shirian Sadegh , Sabbaghziarani Fatemeh , Aali Ehsan , Soleimani Pouriya , Ashtari Majelan Mohammad Reza , Zafari Fariba , Darabi Shahram 
Published: September 2024

Background: Melatonin and L-carnitine are free radical scavengers with antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties that improve oocyte development.
Objective: This study aimed to find the possible effect of combining 2 antioxidant agents of melatonin and L-carnitine on oocyte morphology, maturation, apoptosis, and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) genes in a mice model.
Materials and Methods: To overstimulation, 60 female NMRI mice were injected intraperitoneally using mare serum gonadotropin. On day 2 post-injection, 70 cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from each mouse. The collected oocytes randomly were then divided into 4 groups including, the control, melatonin, L-carnitine, and melatonin + L-carnitine groups. The morphology and maturation rate of the oocytes was evaluated using a light microscope. Apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and the expression of BMP-15 and growth and differentiation factor GDF-9 genes was also evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Oocyte diameter significantly was increased in combination treatment of L-carnitine and melatonin compared to other groups (p < 0.05). L-carnitine group showed the highest mean percentage of oocyte cytoplasmic pattern. Results of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling indicated that the lowest apoptosis rate belonged to the melatonin + L-carnitine group. Moreover, the combination groups showed the highest number of oocytes and maturation rate. The BMP-15 and GDF-9 genes were significantly upregulated in all treatment groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Our results suggested a combination of melatonin + L-carnitine administration as a more effective choice for in vitro promotion of oocyte maturation.
Key words: In vitro oocyte maturation, Melatonin, L-carnitine.
Nuclear Imaging in Orthopaedic Practice
Authors: Ibaseta Alvaro , Emara Ahmed , Pasqualini Ignacio , Jevnikar Benjamin , Colak Ceylan , Turan Oguz , Khan Shujaa T. , Deren Matthew E. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: September 2024

» Nuclear imaging techniques, including bone scintigraphy, labeled leukocyte scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with computed tomography (CT), have wide applications in orthopaedics for evaluating trauma, painful total joint arthroplasty, musculoskeletal infection, and orthopaedic oncology.» Three-phase bone scintigraphy is a first-line, highly sensitive nuclear medicine study for evaluating orthopaedic pathology when initial studies are inconclusive. However, its specificity is limited, and findings may be falsely positive for up to 2 years after total joint arthroplasty because of physiologic bone remodeling.» Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy or gallium scintigraphy can improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with a positive bone scan and suspected musculoskeletal or periprosthetic joint infection.» 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing bone neoplasms, infections, and metabolic disorders. Emerging PET/magnetic resonance imaging technology offers reduced radiation exposure and greater soft-tissue detail but presents technical and cost challenges.» SPECT/CT provides valuable functional and anatomic detail for characterizing the extent and location of bone pathology, serving as an important adjunct to other imaging modalities.» Ultimately, the choice of nuclear imaging modality should consider the specific clinical context, diagnostic accuracy, impact on management, and cost-effectiveness on a case-by-case basis.
Cervical Collar Use Following Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: McKeon John F. , Alvarez Paul M. , Castaneda Diego Martinez , Emili Uchechukwu , Kirven James , Belmonte Anthony D. , Singh Varun 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The utility and risks associated with the use of cervical collars in the postoperative period after cervical spine surgery have been of debate. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the currently available evidence on the use of cervical collars after cervical spine surgery to assess their impact on outcomes.

Methods:
A literature search of the PubMed database was performed using keywords “cervical collar,” “anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF),” “posterior cervical decompression and fusion,” “laminoplasty,” “post-operative orthotic bracing,” “cervical decompression,” and “cervical orthosis” in all possible combinations. All English studies with the level of evidence of I to IV that were published from May 1, 1986, to December 3, 2023, were considered for inclusion.

Results:
A total of 25 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. Regarding anterior and posterior fusion procedures, cervical collar use demonstrated improved short-term patient-reported outcomes and pain control. While surgeon motivation for collar use was to increase fusion rates, this is not well drawn out in the literature with the majority of studies demonstrated no significant difference in fusion rates between patients who wore a cervical collar and those who did not. Regarding motion-preserving procedures such as cervical laminoplasty, patients with prolonged postoperative cervical collar use demonstrated increased rates of axial neck pain and decreased final range of motion (ROM).

Conclusion:
Surgeon motivation for postoperative cervical collar immobilization after completion of fusion procedures is to increase fusion rates and improve postoperative pain and disability despite this not being fully drawn out in the literature. After completion of motion-sparing procedures, the benefits of collar immobilization diminish with their prolonged use which could lead to increased rates of axial neck pain and decreased ROM. Cervical collar immobilization in the postoperative period should be considered its own intervention, with its own associated risk-benefit profile.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comparison of Incisional Dressings and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for the Prevention of Infection and Wound Complications After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gusho Charles , Hoskins Wayne , Ghanem Elie 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Incisional dressings may decrease wound complications and joint infection after total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA; TKA). However, there is no consensus on the superiority of a particular product. This study compared infection and wound complications among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) across various dressing types after primary THA and TKA.

Methods:
Scopus, Ovid/MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried in May 2024. A frequentist model network meta-analysis of eligible prospective RCTs compared minor and major wound complications and dressing changes using P-scores.

Results:
Of 3,067 compiled studies, 12 RCTs of 1,939 patients with median (interquartile range) follow-up of 42 (382) days undergoing primary THA (n = 880, 45.4%) or TKA (n = 1,059, 54.6%) with alginate (n = 208; 10.7%), absorbent (n = 236; 12.2%), gauze (n = 474; 24.4%), or hydrofiber (n = 683; 35.2%) dressings or negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT; n = 338; 17.4%) were included for meta-analysis. Compared with gauze, alginate and hydrofiber dressings were associated with fewer postoperative changes (mean difference [MD], −12.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], −15.08 to −9.09, p < 0.001; MD, −3.5; 95% CI, −6.30 to −0.74, p = 0.013, respectively). In a subanalysis, silver-ion hydrofiber also was associated with fewer changes (MD, −5.0; 95% CI, −5.70 to −4.39; p < 0.001). Overall, there was no statistically significant risk of increased minor nor major wound complications including superficial and deep infections among all dressing types and NPWT compared with gauze.

Conclusion:
Despite no association between wound complications nor infection risk among various incisional dressings and NPWT vs. gauze, the alginate, hydrofiber, and silver hydrofiber dressings had statistically fewer mean postoperative changes. Future studies are required to assess whether these dressings confer reduced infection risk.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic, Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The interleukin 22–oncostatin M axis promotes intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed , Cineus Roodline , Luo Yanjiang , Saliutina Mariia , Boesel Diana , Abdelrahman Aya , Hainbuch Saskia , Coburg Elena , Cancino Camila , Gerbeth Lorenz , Müller Nils , Kühl Anja , Löhning Max , Diefenbach Andreas , Siegmund Britta , Romagnani Chiara , Guerra Gabriela , Heinrich Frederik , Durek Pawel , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin , Wirtz Stefan , West Nathaniel , Wang Lifen , Klementowicz Joanna , Breart Beatrice , Roels Juliette , Ziai James , Hung Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Multicellular cytokine networks orchestrate the onset and progression of intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Interleukin 22 (IL-22), a member of the IL-10 superfamily, is known for its ability to promote epithelial cell recovery and repair. However, dysregulation of IL-22 can inadvertently fuel intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis through mechanisms that are not completely understood.
Here we show that IL-22, derived from group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), directly triggers oncostatin M (OSM) responsiveness in intestinal epithelial cells by activating the transcription factor STAT3 and upregulating OSM receptor (OSMR) expression. OSM, a member of the IL-6 cytokine family implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, collaborates with IL-22 to sustain STAT3 activation in epithelial cells, thereby orchestrating proinflammatory epithelial adaptations and immune cell chemotaxis to the intestine. Conditional deletion of OSMR in epithelial cells protects mice from both colitis and CAC. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of OSM reduces the progression of established CAC.
Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which OSM sustains intestinal inflammation and CAC and identifies the IL-22-OSM axis as a promising therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis.