bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D2‐resected stage IIIc gastric cancer patients benefit from adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Peng Jin , Wei Yuehua , Zhou Fuxiang , Dai Jing , Zhong Yahua , Xie Conghua , Qin Yue'e , Gong Jun , Xiong Bin , Zhou Yunfeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been an important part in the treatment of gastric cancer, whether or not adjuvant radiation can benefit patients undergoing resection with D2 lymph node dissection remains controversial. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy on patients with D2‐resected gastric cancer. A total of 337 patients with resected gastric cancer treated at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2004 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Eligible patients were divided into the adjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (CRT; n = 124) and the adjuvant chemotherapy group (CT; n = 213). The primary endpoints were disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), with toxicity as the secondary endpoint. A subgroup analysis was performed based on clinical staging. The two groups were comparable in baseline characteristic, except for the number of lymph nodes dissected. The median OSs in the CRT and CT groups were 51.0 months and 48.6 months, respectively (P = 0.251), and the median DFSs were 40.7 months and 31.2 months, respectively (P = 0.112). Subgroup analysis revealed that the median OSs in patients at stage IIIc in the CRT group and CT group were 29.0 and 23.0 months, respectively (P = 0.049), and those of the median DFSs were 21.2 and 15.1 months, respectively (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in main adverse events between two groups. Collectively, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer patients with D2 resection was well tolerated. For Stage IIIc patients, the addition of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was associated with a significant benefit in both OS and DFS.
Quantitative diagnosis of HER2 protein expressing breast cancer by single‐particle quantum dot imaging
Authors: Miyashita Minoru , Gonda Kohsuke , Tada Hiroshi , Watanabe Mika , Kitamura Narufumi , Kamei Takashi , Sasano Hironobu , Ishida Takanori , Ohuchi Noriaki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOverexpression of HER2 is one of the major causes of breast cancer, and therefore precise diagnosis of its protein expression level is important. However, current methods estimating the HER2‐expression level are insufficient due to problem with the lack of quantification. This might result in a gap between diagnostics and therapeutics targeting HER2. Therefore, a new effective diagnostic method is needed. We developed a new immunohistochemical (IHC) technique with quantum dots (QD)‐conjugated trastuzumab using single‐particle imaging to quantitatively measure the HER2 expression level. Tissues from 37 breast cancer patients with available detailed clinical information were tested by IHC with QDs (IHC‐QD) and the correlation with IHC with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and IHC‐QD was examined. The number of QD‐conjugated trastuzumab particles binding specifically to a cancer cell was precisely calculated as the IHC‐QD score. The IHC‐QD score in 37 cases was correlated proportionally with the score of HER2 gene copy number as assessed by FISH (R = 0.83). When HER2 positivity was judged to be positive, the IHC‐QD score with our cut‐off level was exactly concordant with the FISH score with a cut‐off value of 2.0. Furthermore, IHC‐QDs score and time to progression (TTP) of trastuzumab therapy were well correlated in HER2‐positive cases (R = 0.69). Conversely, the correlation between FISH score and TTP was not observed. We developed a precisely quantitative IHC method using trastuzumab‐conjugated QDs and single‐particle imaging analysis and propose the possibility of using IHC‐QDs score as a predictive factor for trastuzumab therapy.
Nitrogen Dioxide Catalyzed Oxidative Thiocyanation of Arenes with Ambient Air as the Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Ren Yun‐Lai , Wang Wenhui , Zhao Bo , Tian Xinzhe , Zhao Shuang , Wang Jianji , Li Fuwei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNO2 is an effective catalyst for the oxidative thiocyanation of arenes. This unique catalyst is inexpensive and separated easily from the final products because of its low boiling point. The mild reaction conditions allow a series of arenes and thiophenes to be thiocyanated smoothly in moderate to high yields. A preliminary mechanistic investigation suggests that the present reaction may proceed through a radical pathway.
Ionic Liquid–Silicotungstic Acid Composites as Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts for the Selective Esterification of Glycerol with Lauric Acid to Monolaurin
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Zhang Xiaofang , Zhu Guangqi , Liang Juanjuan , Cao Xianghui , Kan Renjun , Hung Chin‐Te , Liu Li‐Li , Liu Shang‐Bin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of glycerol monolaurate (GML) by the esterification of glycerol (GL) with lauric acid (LA) over a series of propyl sulfonic acid‐functionalized ionic liquids (SAFILs)‐modified silicotungstic acid (STA; H4SiW12O40) composite catalysts has been investigated. The synthesized organic–inorganic hybrid catalysts were characterized by different physicochemical techniques. In particular, their acidic properties were studied by solid‐state 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy by using adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) as a probe. The effects of key reaction parameters, such as glycerol/lauric acid molar ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction time, and reaction temperature on LA conversion and GML product yield were elucidated and optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The N,N‐dimethyl(benzyl)ammonium propyl sulfobetaine (DMBPS)‐modified STA [DMBPSH]H3SiW12O40 exhibited the optimal catalytic activity and was exploited for process optimization. A highest GML yield of 79.1 % was achieved with the optimized reaction conditions. The high catalytic activity of these hybrid catalysts were attributed to strong acidity, low transport resistance, and their “pseudoliquid” characteristics. A kinetic study was made based on a second‐order irreversible model of the esterification reaction, which resulted in an activation energy of 39.49 kJ mol−1 for [DMBPSH]H3SiW12O40 under optimized reaction conditions.
Magnesium Storage Performance and Surface Film Formation Behavior of Tin Anode Material
Authors: Nguyen Dan‐Thien , Tran Xuan Minh , Kang Joonsup , Song Seung‐Wan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractElectrochemical cycling performance of microsize bulk and thin film Sn electrodes up to 50 cycles in Mg half‐cell configuration, as well as Mg diffusivity and interfacial reaction behavior in a phenylmagnesium chloride (PhMgCl)/THF electrolyte are studied. The bulk Sn electrode delivers capacities of 321–289 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 90 % and coulombic efficiencies higher than 99 % over 30 cycles, and thus demonstrates the potential of Sn anodes. The Sn film electrode shows good cycling ability. Surface analysis by XPS reveals that the surface of cycled electrodes is composed of a mixture of various inorganic salts of Sn and Mg formed by interfacial reactions between Sn and PhMgCl, and organic functionality produced by decomposition of THF, indicating surface film formation. The Mg2+ diffusivity of Sn is on the order of 10−11 cm2 s−1, which is four orders of magnitude lower than the Li+ diffusivity of Sn in Li‐ion batteries. Advanced material design for enhanced electronic conductivity and control of the interfacial chemistry for formation of a surface protective film are believed to be the keys to overcome such sluggish kinetics, increase the capacity, and improve the cycling performance.
Back‐Illuminated Si‐Based Photoanode with Nickel Cobalt Oxide Catalytic Protection Layer
Authors: Bae Dowon , Mei Bastian , Frydendal Rasmus , Pedersen Thomas , Seger Brian , Hansen Ole , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Chorkendorff Ib 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Ib Chorkendorff, Dowon Bae, and co‐workers at the Technical University of Denmark (Denmark). The image highlights a time‐dependent improvement in the water oxidation reaction of a back‐side illuminated c‐Si‐based photoanode protected by a co‐sputtered thin film of NiCoOX with iron incorporation. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201500554.
Bioluminophore and Flavin Mononucleotide Fluorescence Quenching of Bacterial Bioluminescence—A Theoretical Study
Authors: Luo Yanling , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBacterial bioluminescence with continuous glow has been applied to the fields of environmental toxin monitoring, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Nonetheless, the chemical form of the bacterial bioluminophore is still a bone of contention. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), one of the light‐emitting products, and 4a‐hydroxy‐5‐hydro flavin mononucleotide (HFOH), an intermediate of the chemical reactions, have both been assumed candidates for the light emitter because they have similar molecular structures and fluorescence wavelengths. The latter is preferred in experiments and was assigned in our previous density functional study. HFOH displays weak fluorescence in solutions, but exhibits strong bioluminescence in the bacterial luciferase. FMN shows the opposite behavior; its fluorescence is quenched when it is bound to the luciferase. This is the first example of flavin fluorescence quenching observed in bioluminescent systems and is merely an observation, both the quenching mechanism and quencher are still unclear. Based on theoretical analysis of high‐level quantum mechanics (QM), combined QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and molecular dynamics (MD), this paper confirms that HFOH in its first singlet excited state is the bioluminophore of bacterial bioluminescence. More importantly, the computational results indicate that Tyr110 in the luciferase quenches the FMN fluorescence via an electron‐transfer mechanism.
Traceless Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation Using Alkyl Aldehydes: The Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Aryl Ketones
Authors: Bouisseau Anaïs , Gao Ming , Willis Michael C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA one‐pot three‐step sequence involving Rh‐catalyzed alkene hydroacylation, sulfide elimination and Rh‐catalyzed aryl boronic acid conjugate addition gave products of traceless chelation‐controlled hydroacylation employing alkyl aldehydes. The stereodefined β‐aryl ketones were obtained in good yields with excellent control of enantioselectivity. Good variation of all three reaction components is possible.
Lewis Acid Accelerated Aryl Ether Bond Cleavage with Nickel: Orders of Magnitude Rate Enhancement Using AlMe3
Authors: Kelley Paul , Edouard Guy A. , Lin Sibo , Agapie Theodor 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStudy of the kinetics of intramolecular aryl ether C−O bond cleavage by Ni was facilitated by access to a family of metal complexes supported by diphosphines with pendant aryl‐methyl ethers. The nature of the aryl substituents was found to have little effect on the rate of cleavage. In contrast, soluble Lewis acidic additives accelerate the aryl ether cleavage dramatically. The effect of AlMe3 was studied in detail, and showed an increase in rate by several orders of magnitude. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrate quantitative coordination of ether to Al. From the Lewis acid‐bound precursor, the activation parameters for ether cleavage are significantly lower. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for milder catalyst design for the activation of strong bonds.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Acids and Lactones
Authors: Cheng Xiaokai , Yang Bo , Hu Xingen , Xu Qing , Lu Zhan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA unique metal‐free aerobic oxidation of primary amines via visible light photocatalytic double carbon–carbon bonds cleavage and multi carbon–hydrogen bonds oxidation was observed. Aerobic oxidation of primary amines could be controlled to afford acids by using dioxane with 18 W CFL, and lactones by using DMF with 8 W green LEDs, respectively. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments. This observation showed direct evidences for the fragmentation in the aerobic oxidation of aliphatic primary amines.
Young investigator challenge: The morphologic analysis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on liquid‐based cytology: Some insights into their identification
Authors: Bizzarro Tommaso , Martini Maurizio , Capodimonti Sara , Straccia Patrizia , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Larocca Luigi Maria , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) represents a challenge for the diagnosis and management of thyroid carcinoma. Some authors have proposed histological criteria that are able to distinguish NIFTPs from invasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (I‐FVPTC). Hence, NIFTPs may have repercussions in the diagnostic categories on fine‐needle aspiration. In the current study, the authors evaluated the criteria for NIFTPs on liquid‐based cytology samples.METHODSThe authors recorded all 61 liquid‐based cytology samples proved to be histological FVPTC between January 2013 and March 2016 and analyzed the architectural, cytoplasmic, and nuclear parameters. They compared them with a cohort of 40 PTC cases and 20 follicular adenoma cases.RESULTSThe authors reported 37 NIFTP cases and 24 I‐FVPTC cases at histology. The cytological diagnoses of follicular nodules in the NIFTP cases were twice those found in the I‐FVPTC cases (54.1% vs 29.2%). The number of positive for malignancy cases among the NIFTPs were approximately half those of I‐FVPTC cases. When compared with I‐FVPTCs, 70% of the NIFTP cases demonstrated a nuclear size <20 μm (P = .025) and rarely exhibited grooves (13% vs 42%; P = .009). The authors found 100% of cases with wild‐type BRAF gene in NIFTP cases versus 38.4% in mutated I‐FVPTC cases (P = .046). The cytoplasmic features might help to discriminate NIFTPs from follicular adenomas but not from I‐FVPTCs (P>.05). A predominant microfollicular pattern was recognized in both NIFTPs and I‐FVPTCs (97.3% vs 100%).CONCLUSIONSThe majority of NIFTPs appear to be devoid of nuclear pseudoinclusions and papillary structures, thereby allowing the inclusion in the follicular nodule cases. Nuclear size and microfollicular clusters may suggest the discrimination between NIFTPs and I‐FVPCs. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:699‐710. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Chirality Controls Reaction‐Diffusion of Nanoparticles for Inhibiting Cancer Cells
Authors: Du Xuewen , Zhou Jie , Wang Jiaqing , Zhou Rong , Xu Bing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReaction‐diffusion (RD) is the most important inherent feature of living organisms, but it has yet to be used for developing biofunctional nanoparticles (NPs). Here we show the use of chirality to control the RD of NPs for selective inhibition of cancer cells. We observe that l‐phosphotyrosine (l‐pY)‐decorated NPs (NP@l‐pYs) are innocuous to cells, but d‐pY‐decorated ones (NP@d‐pYs) selectively inhibit cancer cells. Our study shows that phosphatases, present in the culture and overexpressed on the cancer cells, dephosphorylate NP@l‐pYs much faster than NP@d‐pYs. Such a rate difference allows the NP@d‐pYs to be mainly dephosphorylated on cell surface, and thus adhere selectively on the cancer cells, resulting in poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase (PARP)‐hyperactivation‐mediated cell death. Without phosphate groups or with premature dephosphorylation before reaching cancer cells (as in the case of NP@l‐pYs), the NPs are innocuous to cells. Moreover, NP@d‐pYs exhibit even more potent activity than cisplatin for inhibiting platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer cells (e.g., A2780‐cis). As the first example of chirality controlling a RD process of NPs for inhibiting cancer cells, this work illustrates a fundamentally new way to develop nanomedicine based on RD processes and nanoparticles.
Active‐Site Targeting Paramagnetic Probe for Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Baldoneschi Veronica , Cerofolini Linda , Dragoni Elisa , Storai Andrea , Luchinat Claudio , Fragai Marco , Richichi Barbara , Nativi Cristina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe design and synthesis of the Ln3+ complexes of a DOTA‐containing (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases are reported. The tight binding of the sulfonamide scaffold to the catalytic domain of the investigated matrix metalloproteinase is not impaired by the presence of the Ln3+‐DOTA moiety. The paramagnetic properties of the Ln3+ complex are exploited to obtain insights into the structural features of the ligand–protein interactions and to evaluate the influence of the linker length on the quality of the paramagnetic restraints.
Throughput and delay analysis of directional‐location aided routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Pandey Kavita , Raina Saurabh Kumar , Raw Ram Shringar , Singh Buddha 
Published: September 2016

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks is an integral component of intelligent transportation systems and it is an important requisite for smarter cities. Network formation and deformation among the vehicles are very frequent because of the variation in speed. Furthermore, for safety applications, messages should not face any kind of delay or collision. Therefore, establishing communication between the vehicles becomes even more challenging. Position‐based routing protocols work productively in vehicular ad hoc networks. Only finding an efficient routing protocol does not solve our purport. We need to carefully examine the effect of media access control layer parameters additionally. In the event of collisions, a large number of nodes would be re‐transmitting rather than sending fresh packets. A node busy in sending the retransmitted packet is called a backlog node. With an increase in the number of collisions, number of backlog nodes also increases, which affects the delay and throughput. In this article, we present the mathematical modeling of delay and throughput with IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (at media access control layer) for directional‐location aided routing (D‐LAR) position based routing protocol. For performance evaluation, simulation has been done in realistic environment created with SUMO (traffic simulator) and NS‐2 (network simulator). Simulation results show the comparison between D‐LAR and location aided routing (LAR) on various metrics in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, throughput, and collision probability. To validate the mathematical model, analytical results has been compared with simulation results. The results confirm that performance of D‐LAR is better than LAR in terms of increasing the throughput and reduction in routing overhead and delay.
Passive smoking increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus independently and synergistically with prepregnancy obesity in Tianjin, China
Authors: Leng Junhong , Wang Peng , Shao Ping , Zhang Cuiping , Li Weiqin , Li Nan , Wang Leishen , Nan Hairong , Yu Zhijie , Hu Gang , Chan Juliana C.N. , Yang Xilin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPassive smoking increased type 2 diabetes mellitus risk, but it is uncertain whether it also increased gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. We aimed to examine the association of passive smoking during pregnancy and its interaction with maternal obesity for GDM.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2012, 12 786 Chinese women underwent a 50‐g 1‐hour glucose challenge test at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and further underwent a 75‐g 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test if the glucose challenge test result was ≥7.8 mmol/L. GDM was defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group's cut points. Self‐reported passive smoking during pregnancy was collected by a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction between maternal obesity and passive smoking was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Significant RERI > 0, AP > 0, or S > 1 indicated additive interaction.ResultsA total of 8331 women (65.2%) were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy. More women exposed to passive smoking developed GDM than nonexposed women (7.8% versus 6.3%, P = 0.002) with an adjusted OR of 1.29 (95%CI, 1.11 to 1.50). Compared with nonobesity and nonpassive smoking, prepregnancy obesity and passive smoking was associated with GDM risk with an adjusted OR of 3.09 (95%CI, 2.38‐4.02) with significant additive interaction (P < .05 for RERI and AP).ConclusionsPassive smoking during pregnancy increased GDM risk in Chinese women independently and synergistically with prepregnancy obesity.
Glycemic control and safety in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetics: a large, prospective, observational study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhao Jing , Yang Wenying ,   on behalf of the Lantus Registry Study Group
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn some circumstances, the premixed insulin should be switched to alternative therapy. The effectiveness and the safety of switching from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been clarified and, hence, will be assessed in this study. Chinese patients with T2DM (2013 men and women aged 18–75 years) who had received premixed insulin ± OADs for ≥3 months with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 10% were enrolled in a prospective, observational study conducted at 53 hospitals across China. At baseline and at the discretion of the physician, patients switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus OADs. Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG), treatment satisfaction, and the incidence of hypoglycemia were assessed for 16 weeks. In total, 1850 patients completed the study. Mean HbA1c level for the group decreased significantly (from 7.8% ± 1.2% at week 1 to 7.0% ± 1.0% at week 16; P < .0001), and 55.2% of patients achieved HbA1c < 7% at week 16. Mean FPG and 2‐hour PPG decreased significantly (−1.4 ± 2.2 and −2.1 ± 3.9 mmol/L, respectively; both P < .0001), whereas patient satisfaction improved significantly. Adverse events were reported in 18.7% of patients. Chinese patients with T2DM who switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus OADs achieved significantly improved glycemic control and treatment satisfaction with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. Patients who are most likely to achieve the HbA1c target less than 7% are younger, have shorter disease duration, and have lower baseline HbA1c and FPG levels.