bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements using rebound (TonoVet®) and applanation (TonoPen‐XL®) tonometry in clinically normal alpacas (Vicugña pacos)
Authors: McDonald Jessica E. , Knollinger Amy M. , Dustin Dees D. , MacLaren Nicole E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) estimates in eyes of healthy alpacas (Vicugña pacos) using rebound (TonoVet®) in comparison with applanation (TonoPen‐XL®) tonometry.MethodsComplete ophthalmic examinations were performed on forty healthy alpacas (80 eyes). IOP measurements using both TonoVet® and TonoPen‐XL® tonometers were obtained OU. Data were analyzed, using a doubly repeated‐measures anova design and Student's paired t‐test, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant.ResultsThe mean IOP values ±SD via rebound tonometry were 14.20 mm ± 2.58 mm OD, 14.22 mm ± 2.90 mm OS, and 14.21 ± 2.73 mmHg OU (range 8.67–20.67 mmHg). The IOP values ±SD via applanation tonometry were 12.49 ± 2.81 mmHg OD, 12.53 ± 2.79 mmHg OS, and 12.51 ± 2.78 mmHg OU (range 6.00–19.33 mmHg). There was a significant difference (P = 0.002) in the IOP obtained between the tonometers, with the rebound tonometer having a 1.7 mmHg (0.69–2.71 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI)) higher IOP compared to the applanation tonometer. No significant differences in IOP were found between OD and OS. Age, gender, and breed did not significantly affect IOP values.ConclusionsIOP readings from the rebound tonometer were statistically higher than those from the applanation tonometer; however, this is not considered clinically significant. The accuracy of rebound tonometry in diseased alpaca eyes remains to be determined.
Crítica, Providência e uso dos modos ficcionais no Quixote I'
Authors: Cintrão Heloisa Pezza 
Published: April 2016

No Quixote I de Miguel de Cervantes convivem uma linha narrativa paródica de crítica aos livros de cavalaria e outra ilusionista, que resgata e reajusta convenções desses l ivros. Neste sentido, procura-se, nas sistematizações dos modos e formas ficcionais de Northrop Frye, bases teóricas para pensar a interação dessas duas linhas narrativas. A ficção concebida como instrumento de formação e de crítica social, a idéia de livre-arbítrio conjugada à presença da Providência divina no Mu ndo ficcional aparecem como chaves para entender a posição do Quixote I entre o romance e o romanesco e a relação de elementos da construção do texto com dados do contexto da Espanha da crise do Renascimento.
A Insuportável Contenção: Clarice Lispector e Katherine Mansfield
Authors: Iannage Ricardo 
Published: April 2016

Trata-se de um estudo comparado dos contos "Amor", de Clarice Lispector, e "Bliss", de Katherine Mansfield. Os conceitos do historiador da literatura Mikhail Bakhtin acerca de dialogismo e polifonia dão suporte teórico à análise das duas narrativas, cujas personagens centrais figuram esposas da média burguesia que, ao se defrontarem com insólitas experiências, deixam transparecer seus reservados conflitos existenciais.
A trama do desejo: uma leitura do conto ''Desenredo", de Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Rocha Marília Librandi 
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo reelabora uma análise feita há alguns anos sobre o conto "Desenredo" de Guimarães Rosa (Tutaméia, 1967). Na ocasião, procedemos a uma lei­ tura estritamente ligada ao campo da teoria literária, que agora desenvolvemos com o acréscimo de algumas reflexões provenientes da psicanálise e que se baseiam especifi­ camente em dois estudos de Freud: Os Chistes e sua relação com o Inconsciente (1905) e Escritores criativos e devaneio ( 1908).
Beitrag zur topographie Nord-Griechenlands in der Spätbyzantinischen zeit
Authors: Hrochovâ Vëra 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 402"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Αί μελέται αί σχετικαί μέ τήν βυζαντινήν πόλιν περιορίζονται μέχρι τού παρόντος εις τήν Κωνσταντινούπολιν καί άλλα τινά έμπορεΐα. Το φαινόμενον αυτό όφείλεται άναμφιβόλως, μεταξύ άλλων, εις τό γεγονός ότι αί ίστορικαί πηγαί έπί τής περιπτώσεως ταύτης είναι πλουσιώτεραι. </span></p><p><span>Εις τήν παρούσαν μελέτην ή συγγραφεύς προσπαθεί νά άνασυγκροτήση τό δίκτυον γενικώς των πόλεων εις τάς βυζαντινός έπαρχίας, νά προσδιορίση τόν δυναμισμόν τής έξελίξεώς του καί νά συμπεράνη τόν οικονομικόν ρόλον των διαφόρων πόλεων. </span><span>Ή </span><span>συγγραφεύς γνωρίζει καλώς τό γεγονός ότι κατά τούς </span><span>13-16 </span><span>αί. αί βυζαντινοί πόλεις, κυρίως των επαρχιών, διαφέρουν ούσιωδως των πόλεων τής Δυτικής Εύρώπης κατά τήν ιδίαν εποχήν. </span><span>Ή </span><span>συγγραφεύς κατονομάζει «πόλεις», άδιακρίτως, καί όλους τούς συνοικισμούς μέ αγροτικόν χαρακτήρα. </span></p><p><span>Τό χαρακτηριστικόν των επαρχιακών πόλεων συνίσταται εις δύο παρά­γοντας, πού οί μελετηταί μάλλον παρημέλησαν μέχρι σήμερον: α) Παράγων τής έξελίξεώς των μεταβολών, τάς όποιας ύπέστησαν οί συνοικισμοί τού άστικού τύπου άπό τόν </span><span>13 </span><span>μέχρι τόν </span><span>16 </span><span>αί. </span><span>β) </span><span>Παράγων χωροταξικός. Προ­σπαθεί ή συγγραφεύς νά άνασκευάση άπό άπόψεως έξελίξεώς τό δίκτυον των «άστικών» συνοικισμών καί νά τό άντιπαραβάλη μέ τά γεωγραφικά δε­δομένα τών έμπορικών οδών κ.λ. Τήν αρχήν αύτήν εις τόν έλληνικόν χώρον δέχεται προκειμένου περί τής Θεσσαλίας. </span></p><p><span>Ή </span><span>τοπογραφική έξέτασις έδειξεν ότι ή λειτουργία τών πόλεων κατά τούς </span><span>13-16 </span><span>αί. δεν έξηρτάτο καθόλου άπό τό γεγονός άν μία πόλις ύφίστατο άπό τήν πρώιμον βυζαντινήν έποχήν ή άν ίδρύθη μεταγενεστέρως. 'Ως μόνον άξιόπιστον κριτήριον θεωρούνται λοιπόν αί διάφοροι λειτουργίαι τών πό­λεων εϊς τήν βυζαντινήν κοινωνίαν. Μεταξύ τών διαφόρων λειτουργιών αύτών πρέπει άναμφισβητήτως νά άναφέρωμεν τόν ρόλον τού πολιτικού καί θρη­ σκευτικού κέντρου, τήν ϋπαρξιν τού έξωτερικοϋ έμπορίου καί τήν ανταλ­λαγήν προϊόντων μή άγροτικών. </span></p><p><span>Τό παράδειγμα τής Θεσσαλίας έπέτρεψεν εις τήν συγγραφέα νά έξετάση τάς άλλαγάς εις τούς άστικούς συνοικισμούς καί τήν σπουδαιότητα τών λειτουργιών, πού έμφανίζουν αί διάφοροι πόλεις εις τήν βυζαντινήν έποχήν.</span></p></div></div></div>
Activating solidarity: the French reforms of minimum income schemes: a critical assessment
Authors: Eydoux Anne 
Published: April 2016

<p>The article presents the main features of French Minimum Income Schemes (MISs) and examines how activation has changed the French concept of solidarity: originally thought as “social debts” towards poor households, MISs now mainly refer to individual duties. Subsequently, it will question this change, relying on the analysis of the failure of the Revenu de Solidarite Active (RSA), and draw more general conclusions.</p>
The developmental transcriptome of contrasting Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) morphs
Authors: Gudbrandsson Johannes , Ahi Ehsan P. , Franzdottir Sigridur R. , Kapralova Kalina H. , Kristjansson Bjarni K. , Steinhaeuser S. Sophie , Maier Valerie H. , Johannesson Isak M. , Snorrason Sigurdur S. , Jonsson Zophonias O. , Palsson Arnar 
Published: April 2016

Species and populations with parallel evolution of specific traits can help illuminate how predictable adaptations and divergence are at the molecular and developmental level. Following the last glacial period, dwarfism and specialized bottom feeding morphology evolved rapidly in several landlocked Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinuspopulations in Iceland. To study the genetic divergence between small benthic morphs and limnetic morphs, we conducted RNA-sequencing charr embryos at four stages in early development. We studied two stocks with contrasting morphologies: the small benthic (SB) charr from Lake Thingvallavatn and Holar aquaculture (AC) charr.The data reveal significant differences in expression of several biological pathways during charr development. There was also an expression difference between SB- and AC-charr in genes involved in energy metabolism and blood coagulation genes. We confirmed differing expression of five genes in whole embryos with qPCR, includinglysozymeandnatterin-likewhich was previously identified as a fish-toxin of a lectin family that may be a putative immunopeptide. We also verified differential expression of 7 genes in the developing head that associated consistently with benthic v.s.limnetic morphology (studied in 4 morphs). Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies reveals extensive genetic differentiation between the SB and AC-charr (~1300 with more than 50% frequency difference). Curiously, three derived alleles in the otherwise conserved 12s and 16s mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes are found in benthic charr.The data implicate multiple genes and molecular pathways in divergence of small benthic charr and/or the response of aquaculture charr to domestication. Functional, genetic and population genetic studies on more freshwater and anadromous populations are needed to confirm the specific loci and mutations relating to specific ecological traits in Arctic charr.
Noise mapping based on participative
measurements
Authors: Guillaume Gwenaël , Can Arnaud , Petit Gwendall , Fortin Nicolas , Palominos Sylvain , Gauvreau Benoit , Bocher Erwan , Picaut Judicaël 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The high temporal and spatial granularities recommended
by the European regulation for the purpose
of environmental noise mapping leads to consider new
alternatives to simulations for reaching such information.
While more and more European cities deploy urban
environmental observatories, the ceaseless rising number
of citizens equipped with both a geographical positioning
system and environmental sensors through their
smartphones legitimates the design of outsourced systems
that promote citizen participatory sensing. In this context,
the OnoM@p system aims at offering a framework
for capitalizing on crowd noise data recorded by inexperienced
individuals by means of an especially designed mobile
phone application. The system fully rests upon open
source tools and interoperability standards defined by the
Open Geospatial Consortium. Moreover, the implementation
of the Spatial Data Infrastructure principle enables
to break up as services the various business modules for
acquiring, analysing and mapping sound levels. The proposed
architecture rests on outsourced processes able to
filter outlier sensors and untrustworthy data, to cross- reference
geolocalised noise measurements with both geographical
and statistical data in order to provide higherlevel
indicators, and to map the collected and processed
data based on web services.
Ultra-low p-doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and its impact on polymer aggregation and photovoltaic performance
Authors: Said Marcel M. , Zhang Yadong , Dasari Raghunath R. , Anjum Dalaver H. , Munir Rahim , Hu Hanlin , Amassian Aram , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPoly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and P3HT / fullerene photovoltaic cells have been p-doped with very low levels (< 1 wt. %) of molybdenum tris[1-(trifluoromethylcarbonyl)- 2-(trifluoromethyl)-ethane-1,2-dithiolene]. The dopants are inhomogenously distributed within doped P3HT films, both laterally and as a function of depth, and appear to aggregate in some instances. Doping also results in subtle changes in the local and long range order of the P3HT film. These effects likely contribute to the complexity of the observed evolutions in conductivity, mobility and work function with doping levels. They also negatively affect the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of solar cells in unexpected ways, indicating that dopant aggregation and non-uniform distribution can harm device performance.
‘Where’ Questions and Their Responses in Duna
(Papua New Guinea)
Authors: San Roque Lila 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Despite their central role in question formation, content interrogatives in spontaneous
conversation remain relatively under-explored cross-linguistically. This paper outlines the structure of
‘where’ expressions in Duna, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, and examines where-questions in a
small Duna data set in terms of their frequency, function, and the responses they elicit. Questions that ask
‘where?’ have been identified as a useful tool in studying the language of space and place, and, in the Duna
case and elsewhere, show high frequency and functional flexibility. Although where-questions formulate
place as an information gap, they are not always answered through direct reference to canonical places.
While some question types may be especially “socially costly” (Levinson 2012), asking ‘where’ perhaps
provides a relatively innocuous way of bringing a particular event or situation into focus.
On the cardinality of complex matrix scalings
Authors: Hutchinson George 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We disprove a conjecture made by Rajesh Pereira and Joanna Boneng regarding the upper bound
on the number of doubly quasi-stochastic scalings of an n × n positive definite matrix. In doing so, we arrive
at the true upper bound for 3 × 3 real matrices, and demonstrate that there is no such bound when n ≥ 4.
Accurate calculations of Stationary
Distributions and Mean First Passage Times
in Markov Renewal Processes and Markov
Chains
Authors: Hunter Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article describes an accurate procedure for computing the mean first passage times of a finite
irreducible Markov chain and a Markov renewal process. The method is a refinement to the Kohlas, Zeit fur
Oper Res, 30, 197–207, (1986) procedure. The technique is numerically stable in that it doesn’t involve subtractions.
Algebraic expressions for the special cases of one, two, three and four states are derived.Aconsequence
of the procedure is that the stationary distribution of the embedded Markov chain does not need to be derived
in advance but can be found accurately from the derived mean first passage times. MatLab is utilized to carry
out the computations, using some test problems from the literature.
Designing Cartoon as a Supplementary English Material for English Structure Subject
Authors: Putranti Sulistini Dwi , Mina Nurawati 
Published: April 2016

Cartoon comes from an Italian word ‘Cartone’ meaning a large paper. It is designed not only as the media to describe daily activities, but also to entertain, criticize, provoke, and even to teach people. A lot of studies have been conducted regarding the implementation of cartoon in classroom or outside classroom context. It is proven that cartoon gives some positive attitudes in teaching students. However, the knowledge in how to design and utilize the cartoon based on teachers’ and/or students’ needs should be revealed. This article allows teachers and students to know the process and the basic principles of how a cartoon for learning is designed in the context of English Structure class. The method used in this study is design and development research. The result of this study is a cartoon entitled The Tragedy of Jayaprana which promotes the narrative text as the topic of the learning.
تعليم الصرف في مدرسة روضة الفتوحية الدينية بمعهد دار الأمين غامبيران بانجووانجي
Authors: Hamidah Noor Zinatul 
Published: April 2016

الصرف أحد من عناصر اللغة العربية في عنصر التراكيب. والصرف قاعدة من قواعد اللغة العربية التي تهدف لمساعد الطلاب في اختيار الكلمة المطابقة عند ترتيب الجمل العربية ولتنمية المفردات العربية وكذلك لحفظ الكلام وصحة النطق والكتابة. ويحتاج الصرف لفهم المهارات في اللغة العربية لأن الصرف علم يبحث عن تغيير الكلمة إلى الكلمة المختلفة وأصول الكلمة.ومن أهداف هذا البحث هي: 1) وصف الأساسية من تفضيل الصرف في مدرسة روضة الفتوحية الدينية بمعهد دار الأمين، 2) وصف عملية تعليم الصرف في مدرسة روضة الفتوحية الدينية بمعهد دار الأمين، 3) وصف المشكلات المواجهة في تعليم الصرف في مدرسة روضة الفتوحية الدينية بمعهد دار الأمين، 4) وصف المحاولات لحلّ المشكلات المواجهة في مدرسة روضة الفتوحية الدينية بمعهد دار الأمين.
Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the liver of healthy dogs
Authors: Del Chicca Francesca , Schwarz Andrea , Grest Paula , Kircher Patrick R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the perfusion and diffusion characteristics of the liver in healthy dogs as determined by morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI.
ANIMALS 11 healthy adult Beagles.
PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized and underwent morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI of the cranial aspect of the abdomen. On the MRI images, a region of interest (ROI) was established for each of 6 structures (aorta, caudal vena cava, portal vein, hepatic parenchyma, splenic parenchyma, and skeletal [epaxial] muscle). The signal intensity was determined, and a time-intensity curve was generated for each ROI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated for the hepatic and splenic parenchyma in diffusion-weighted MRI images, and the normalized ADC for the liver was calculated as the ratio of the ADC for the hepatic parenchyma to the ADC for the splenic parenchyma. Dogs also underwent abdominal ultrasonography, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate samples and biopsy specimens were obtained from the liver for cytologic and histologic examination.
RESULTS Cytologic and histologic results suggested that the liver was clinically normal in all dogs. Perfusion-weighted MRI parameters varied among the 6 ROIs. The mean ± SD ADC of the hepatic parenchyma was 0.84 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.17 × 10−3 mm2/s, and the mean normalized ADC for the liver was 1.8 ± 0.4.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided preliminary baseline information about the diffusion and perfusion characteristics of the liver in healthy dogs. Additional studies on dogs of various breeds with and without hepatopathies are necessary to validate and refine these findings.
Ex vivo evaluation of the effect of various surgical procedures on blood delivery to the patellar tendon of dogs
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Shmon Cindy L. , Linn Kathleen A. , Singh Baljit 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of arthrotomy alone or in combination with osteotomy of the proximal portion of the tibia on blood delivery to the patellar tendon of dogs.
SAMPLE 24 canine cadavers.
PROCEDURES One hind limb from each cadaver was assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: medial arthrotomy (MA; MA group), lateral arthrotomy (LA; LA group), MA and LA with tibial tuberosity transposition (MALA group), and MA with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO; TPLO group). The contralateral hind limb served as the control sample. Contrast solution (barium [33%], India ink [17%], and saline [0.9% NaCl] solution [50%]) was injected through an 8F catheter inserted in the caudal portion of the abdominal aorta. Limbs were radiographed to allow examination of vascular filling. The patella, patellar tendon, and tibial crest were harvested, radiographed to allow examination of tissue vascular filling, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Vessels perfused with contrast solution were counted in sections obtained from the proximal, middle, and distal regions of each patellar tendon.
RESULTS Vessel counts did not differ significantly among the 3 tendon regions. Compared with results for the control group, delivery of contrast solution to the patellar tendon was significantly decreased in the MALA and TPLO groups but was not changed in the MA or LA groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that surgical procedures used to treat cranial cruciate injuries (ie, TPLO) and patellar luxation decreased blood delivery to the patellar tendon of canine cadavers, at least acutely.
TRANSITING PLANET CANDIDATES BEYOND THE SNOW LINE DETECTED BY VISUAL INSPECTION OF 7557 KEPLER OBJECTS OF INTEREST
Authors: Uehara Sho , Kawahara Hajime , Masuda Kento , Yamada Shin’ya , Aizawa Masataka 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We visually inspected the light curves of 7557 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) to search for single transit events (STEs) that were possibly due to long-period giant planets. We identified 28 STEs in 24 KOIs, among which 14 events are newly reported in this paper. We estimate the radius and orbital period of the objects causing STEs by fitting the STE light curves simultaneously with the transits of the other planets in the system or with prior information on the host star density. As a result, we found that STEs in seven of those systems are consistent with Neptune- to Jupiter-sized objects of orbital periods ranging from a few to ∼

20

years

. We also estimate that

≳
20
%

of the compact multi-transiting systems host cool giant planets with periods

≳
3

years

on the basis of their occurrence in the KOIs with multiple candidates, assuming the small mutual inclination between inner and outer planetary orbits.
SPECTROSCOPIC INDICATION OF A CENTI-PARSEC SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARY IN THE GALACTIC CENTER OF NGC 5548
Authors: Li Yan-Rong , Wang Jian-Min , Ho Luis C. , Lu Kai-Xing , Qiu Jie , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Huang Ying-Ke , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Wang Kai , Bai Jin-Ming 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
As a natural consequence of cosmological hierarchical structure formation, sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) should be common in galaxies but thus far have eluded spectroscopic identification. Based on four decades of optical spectroscopic monitoring, we report that the nucleus of NGC 5548, a nearby Seyfert galaxy long suspected to have experienced a major merger about 1 billion yr ago, exhibits long-term variability with a period of ∼14 yr in the optical continuum and broad Hβ emission line. Remarkably, the double-peaked profile of Hβ shows systematic velocity changes with a similar period. These pieces of observations plausibly indicate that an SMBHB resides in the center of NGC 5548. The complex, secular variations in the line profiles can be explained by orbital motion of a binary with equal mass and a semimajor axis of ∼22 light-days (corresponding to ∼18 milli-parsec). At a distance of 75 Mpc, NGC 5548 is one of the nearest sub-parsec SMBHB candidates that offers an ideal laboratory for gravitational wave detection.
A VERY COMPACT DENSE GALAXY OVERDENSITY WITH δ ≃ 130 IDENTIFIED AT z ∼ 8: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY PROTOCLUSTER AND CLUSTER CORE FORMATION
Authors: Ishigaki Masafumi , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first identification of a compact dense galaxy overdensity at

z
∼
8

called A2744z8OD. A2744z8OD consists of eight Y-dropout galaxies behind Abell 2744 that were originally pinpointed by Hubble Frontier Fields studies. However, so far, no studies have derived the basic physical quantities of structure formation or made comparisons with theoretical models. We obtain a homogeneous sample of dropout galaxies at

z
∼
8

from eight field data of Hubble legacy images that are as deep as the A2744z8OD data. Using the sample, we find that a galaxy surface overdensity value of A2744z8OD is very high

δ
≃
130

, where δ is defined by an overdensity in a small circle of 6″ (

≃
30

physical kiloparsecs) radius. Because there is no such large δ value reported for high-z overdensities to date, A2744z8OD is a system that is clearly different from those found in previous high-z overdensity studies. In the galaxy+structure formation models of Henriques et al., there exists a very similar overdensity, Modelz8OD, that is made of eight model dropout galaxies at

z
∼
8

in a 6″ radius circle. Modelz8OD is a progenitor of a today’s

10

14

M

⊙

cluster, and more than half of the seven Modelz8OD galaxies are merged into the brightest cluster galaxy of the cluster. If Modelz8OD is a counterpart to A2744z8OD, the models suggest that A2744z8OD would be part of a cluster core forming from a

10

14

M

⊙

cluster that began star formation at

z
>
12

.