bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring omega‐3 fatty acids, enzymes and biodiesel producing thraustochytrids from Australian and Indian marine biodiversity
Authors: Gupta Adarsha , Singh Dilip , Byreddy Avinesh R. , Thyagarajan Tamilselvi , Sonkar Shailendra P. , Mathur Anshu S. , Tuli Deepak K. , Barrow Colin J. , Puri Munish 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe marine environment harbours a vast diversity of microorganisms, many of which are unique, and have potential to produce commercially useful materials. Therefore, marine biodiversity from Australian and Indian habitat has been explored to produce novel bioactives, and enzymes. Among these, thraustochytrids collected from Indian habitats were shown to be rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), together constituting 51–76 % of total fatty acids (TFA). Indian and Australian thraustochytrids occupy separate positions in the dendrogram, showing significant differences exist in the fatty acid profiles in these two sets of thraustochytrid strains. In general, Australian strains had a higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content than Indian strains with DHA at 17–31 % of TFA. A range of enzyme activities were observed in the strains, with Australian strains showing overall higher levels of enzyme activity, with the exception of one Indian strain (DBTIOC‐1). Comparative analysis of the fatty acid profile of 34 strains revealed that Indian thraustochytrids are more suitable for biodiesel production since these strains have higher fatty acids content for biodiesel (FAB, 76 %) production than Australian thraustochytrids, while the Australian strains are more suitable for omega‐3 (40 %) production.
LC‐MS/MS assay for the determination of lurasidone and its active metabolite, ID‐14283 in human plasma and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Katteboina Mahitej Yadav , Pilli Nageswara Rao , Mullangi Ramesh , Seelam Raghunadha Reddy , Satla Shobha Rani 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe authors proposed a sensitive, selective and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) assay procedure for the quantification of lurasidone and its active metabolite, i.e. ID‐14283 in human plasma simultaneously using corresponding isotope labeled compounds as internal standards as per regulatory guidelines. After liquid–liquid extraction with tert‐butyl methyl ether, the analytes were chromatographed on a C18 column using an optimized mobile phase composed of 5 mm ammonium acetate (pH 5.0) and acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) and delivered at a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. The assay exhibits excellent linearity in the concentration ranges of 0.25–100 and 0.10–14.1 ng/mL for lurasidone and ID‐14283, respectively. The precision and accuracy results over five concentration levels in four different batches were well within the acceptance limits. Lurasidone and ID‐14283 were found to be stable in battery of stability studies. The method was rapid with the chromatographic run time 2.5 min, which made it possible to analyze 300 samples in a single day. Additionally, this method was successfully used to estimate the in vivo plasma concentrations of lurasidone and ID‐14283 obtained from a pharmacokinetic study in south Indian male subjects and the results were authenticated by conducting incurred samples reanalysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of haemanthamine in rat plasma, bile and urine and its application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Hroch Miloš , Mičuda Stanislav , Havelek Radim , Cermanová Jolana , Cahlíková Lucie , Hošťálková Anna , Hulcová Daniela , Řezáčová Martina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEvidence gathered in various studies points to the fact that haemanthamine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has multiple medicinally interesting characteristics, including antitumor, antileukemic, antioxidant, antiviral, anticonvulsant and antimalarial activity. This work presents, for the first time, a universal LC‐MS/MS method for analysis of haemanthamine in plasma, bile and urine which has been verified in a pilot pharmacokinetic experiment on rats. Chromatographic separation was performed on a pentafluorophenyl core–shell column in gradient elution mode with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–methanol–ammonium formate buffer. A sample preparation based on liquid–liquid extraction with methyl tert‐butyl ether was employed with ambelline used as an internal standard. Quantification was performed using LC‐MS‐ESI(+) in Selected Reaction Monitoring mode. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency guideline in a concentration range of 0.1–10 μmol/L in plasma, bile and urine. The concentration–time profiles of haemanthamine in plasma, bile and urine after a single i.v. bolus of 10 mg/kg have been described for the first time. The presented study addresses the lack of information on haemanthamine pharmacokinetics and also introduces a new universal method of haemanthamine analysis in complex biological matrices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric assay for the simultaneous determination of brucine, strychnine and brucine N‐oxide in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gu Wei , Wang Dongyue , Pan Zihao , Liu Xiao , Cai Baochang , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA rapid, simple and sensitive UHPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of brucine, strychnine and brucine N‐oxide in rat plasma using huperzine A as an internal standard (IS) after protein precipitation with methanol. The analytes were separated on a Purospher® STAR RP18 UHPLC column (2 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm) by gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Brucine, strychnine, brucine N‐oxide and IS were detected in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode by means of an electrospray ionization interface (m/z 395.2 → 324.1, m/z 335.2 → 184.1, m/z 411.2 → 394.2, m/z 243.1 → 226.1). The calibration curve was linear over the range of 1–500 ng/mL for brucine and strychnine and 0.2−50 ng/mL for brucine N‐oxide. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions of these analytes were all within 15% and the accuracy ranged from 85 to 115%. The stability experiment indicated that the plasma samples at three concentration levels were stable under different conditions. The developed method was successfully applied for the first time to pharmacokinetic studies of brucine, strychnine and brucine N‐oxide following a single oral and intravenous administration of modified total alkaloid fraction in rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcatheter mitral valve implantation for inoperable severely calcified native mitral valve disease: A systematic review
Authors: Puri Rishi , Abdul‐Jawad Altisent Omar , del Trigo Maria , Campelo‐Parada Francesco , Regueiro Ander , Barbosa Ribeiro Henrique , DeLarochellière Robert , Paradis Jean‐Michel , Dumont Eric , Rodés‐Cabau Josep 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundTranscatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) for severely calcified native mitral valve disease recently emerged as a treatment option in patients deemed inoperable by conventional techniques. Yet no systematic appraisal currently exists characterizing this novel treatment paradigm.MethodsA systematic literature review summarizing the clinical, anatomical, peri‐ and post‐procedural characteristics underscoring the technical feasibility of this procedure was performed.ResultsNine publications describing 11 patients [mean age 68 ± 10 years, 82% female, 82% severe mitral stenosis (MS), 18% severe mitral regurgitation (MR)] were identified. Mean STS score, trans‐mitral gradient and effective orifice area were 10.5 ± 4.6%, 12 ± 2.4 mm Hg and 0.93 ± 0.06 cm2 respectively. All patients had severe, circumferential mitral annular calcification on imaging. Dedicated balloon‐expanding transcatheter aortic valves were used in 10/11 cases, with 8/11 cases involving a true percutaneous approach with peri‐procedural 3D trans‐esophageal echocardiographic guidance; 3/11 cases involved an open left atrial approach. Following initial balloon inflation and valve deployment, procedural success rate was 73%, without residual paravalvular leaks (PVL). Successful immediate re‐deployment of a 2nd valve was needed in 2 instances following significant PVL detection. Residual trans‐valvular gradients ranged from 3 to 7 mm Hg, with no patient demonstrating >grade 2 MR. All patients survived the procedure, with 2 reported deaths on days 10‐ and 41 post‐TMVI being non‐cardiac‐related. Mid‐term clinical follow‐up, reported in 8 patients, revealed 6 patients to be alive at 3‐months with much improved functional status.ConclusionsTMVI for native severely calcified mitral valve disease appears technically feasible with acceptable initial acute and mid‐term hemodynamic and clinical outcomes. The outcomes of an ongoing, dedicated global Sapien TMVI registry will shed further light on this evolving treatment paradigm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Real‐World” Comparison of Prasugrel With Ticagrelor in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States
Authors: Larmore Cynthia , Effron Mark B. , Molife Cliff , DeKoven Mitch , Zhu Yajun , Lu Jingsong , Karkare Swapna , Lieu Hsiao D. , Lee Won Chan , Vetrovec George W. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe 30‐day clinical outcomes with prasugrel or ticagrelor were compared using a US payer database in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPrasugrel and ticagrelor demonstrated superior efficacy with increased non‐coronary artery bypass graft major bleeding compared with clopidogrel in randomized clinical trials. No direct randomized or observational studies have compared clinical outcomes between prasugrel and ticagrelor.MethodsPatients hospitalized for ACS‐PCI between August 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013 and prescribed prasugrel or ticagrelor were selected. Drug treatment cohorts were propensity matched based upon demographic and clinical characteristics. The primary objective compared 30‐day net adverse clinical events (NACE) in prasugrel‐ and ticagrelor‐treated patients using a prespecified 20% noninferiority margin. Secondary objectives included comparisons of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding.ResultsData were available for 16,098 patients (prasugrel, n = 13,134; ticagrelor, n = 2,964). In unmatched cohorts, prasugrel‐treated patients were younger with fewer comorbidities than ticagrelor‐treated patients, and 30‐day NACE rates were 5.6 and 9.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Following propensity matching, NACE was noninferior (P < 0.001) and 22% lower in prasugrel‐treated than in ticagrelor‐treated patients (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.94). A 30‐day adjusted MACE (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98) and major bleeding (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.95) were also lower in prasugrel‐treated patients compared with ticagrelor‐treated patients.ConclusionsIn this “real‐world,” retrospective, observational study, physicians appear to preferentially use prasugrel in younger patients with lower risk of bleeding or comorbidities compared with ticagrelor. Following adjustment, clinical outcomes associated with prasugrel use appear as good, if not better, than those associated with ticagrelor in ACS‐PCI patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Photon Fluxes within Microstructured Photoreactors Revealing Great Optimization Potentials
Authors: Ziegenbalg Dirk , Wriedt Benjamin , Kreisel Günter , Kralisch Dana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA simple model for determining potential bottlenecks of a photoreactor setup focusing on the photon fluxes is presented. The application of the concept can reveal optimization potentials and gives insights into the sensitivity of the reactor setup to different optimization possibilities. The introduced model benefits from the concept of using only data already available from optimization studies of the process conditions. Applying the introduced concept to the characterization of a previously developed modular organic light‐emitting diode reactor setup revealed great optimization potentials, especially with respect to the external photonic efficiency. Interestingly, the attempt to enhance the external photonic efficiency by increasing the projection area of the reactor did not provide any improvement. This is attributed to a significant influence of reflection and scattering within the setup.
Phosphorous–Nitrogen‐Codoped Carbon Materials Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Fu Yu'ang , Huang Yan , Xiang Zhonghua , Liu Guangqing , Cao Dapeng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDespite the impressive progress in the development of doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the current mono‐heteroatom‐doped carbon‐based catalysts are still far from satisfactory for large‐scale applications in fuel cells. The development of dual‐heteroatom‐doped nanoporous carbon electrocatalysts for the ORR is particularly attractive as a feasible solution for the commercialization of fuel‐cell technology. Herein, a series of UiO‐66‐NH2‐derived phosphorus–nitrogen‐codoped porous carbon materials (P–N‐carbons) are prepared from phosphorus‐doped UiO‐66‐NH2 through postsynthetic modification (PSM) followed by one‐step pyrolysis at various temperatures. The newly developed P–N‐carbons exhibit high catalytic activity that is nearly equal to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts along with superior long‐term stability and excellent methanol tolerance. This work shows not only that UiO‐66‐NH2 can be considered as a self‐sacrificial precursor and nitrogen source but also that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with active functional groups may be developed as efficient alternative precursors. Owing to the versatility of MOF structures, the MOF‐derived porous carbon materials would broaden the family of nanoporous carbon materials significantly and provide new structures and multifunctional properties for use in electrocatalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, and batteries, for example.
Benign Perfluoroalkylation of Aniline Derivatives through Photoredox Organocatalysis under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastián , Yerien Damian E. , Postigo Al 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this work, we present a room‐ or solar‐light‐initiated transition‐metal‐free radical homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) reaction of aniline derivatives with perfluoroalkyl moieties employing perfluoroalkyl halides as readily available perfluoroalkyl sources in the presence of cesium carbonate as base and inexpensive Rose Bengal as organophotocatalyst in MeCN as solvent, rendering perfluoroalkyl‐substituted aniline derivatives in good‐to‐excellent yields, even upon scaling up. Although the mechanism of this reaction is still under investigation, we shall present some evidence based on competitive substitution rate experiments that cast some light onto the reaction intermediates.
Calcium Sensing Receptor Function Supports Osteoblast Survival and Acts as a Co‐Factor in PTH Anabolic Actions in Bone
Authors: Al‐Dujaili Saja A. , Koh Amy J. , Dang Ming , Mi Xue , Chang Wenhan , Ma Peter X. , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAnabolic actions of PTH in bone involve increased deposition of mineralizing matrix. Regulatory feedback of the process may be important to maintain calcium homeostasis and, in turn, calcium may inform the process. This investigation clarified the role of calcium availability and the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the anabolic actions of PTH. CaSR function promoted osteoblastic cell numbers, with lower cell numbers in post‐confluent cultures of primary calvarial cells from Col1‐CaSR knock‐out (KO) mice, and for calvarial cells from wild‐type (WT) mice treated with a calcilytic. Increased apoptosis of calvarial cells with calcilytic treatment suggested CaSR is critical for protection against stage‐dependent cell death. Whole and cortical, but not trabecular, bone parameters were significantly lower in Col1‐CaSR KO mice versus WT littermates. Intact Col1‐CaSR KO mice had lower serum P1NP levels relative to WT. PTH treatment displayed anabolic actions in WT and, to a lesser degree, KO mice, and rescued the lower P1NP levels in KO mice. Furthermore, PTH effects on whole tibiae were inhibited by osteoblast‐specific CaSR ablation. Vertebral body implants (vossicles) from untreated Col1‐CaSR KO and WT mice had similar bone volumes after 4 weeks of implantation in athymic mice. These findings suggest that trabecular bone formation can occur independently of the CaSR, and that the CaSR plays a collaborative role in the PTH anabolic effects on bone. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1556–1567, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The behaviour of Nafion® 424 membrane in the electrochemical production of lithium hydroxide
Authors: Turan Abdullah Zahid , Baloglu Halit , Ünveren Elif , Bulutcu A Nusret 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDNafion® membranes have found several applications in chemical processes, one of which is ‘salt splitting’, where a salt is split to produce acid and/or alkali. So, the determination of the behaviour of this membrane in the electrolysis of certain salts is an important issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of Nafion® 424 membrane in a two‐compartment membrane cell for the membrane electrolysis of lithium sulphate (Li2SO4), where lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is the target product.RESULTSRegression analysis was performed between conductivity and concentration to predict instantaneous electrolyte concentration. The effects of catholyte concentration (4–8% LiOH), current density (4–16 A dm−2) and temperature (30–60 °C) were investigated. 45–70% current efficiency; 6.1–14.6 kWh kg−1 LiOH power consumption and 140–900 g LiOH m−2 membrane h−1 production rate were obtained. A cost estimation revealed that 60 °C, 8% LiOH and 4 A dm−2 are the optimum parameters within the studied range.CONCLUSIONConcentration can be successfully predicted for lithium sulphate and lithium hydroxide with the help of conductivity–concentration regression equations. Current efficiency is affected primarily by LiOH concentration with a direct proportion. Power consumption increases with the increase of current density and the decrease of temperature. Based on production cost estimation, optimum working parameters can be recommended. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Coloring of Plane Graphs with Unique Maximal Colors on Faces
Authors: Wendland Alex 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Four Color Theorem asserts that the vertices of every plane graph can be properly colored with four colors. Fabrici and Göring conjectured the following stronger statement to also hold: the vertices of every plane graph can be properly colored with the numbers 1, …, 4 in such a way that every face contains a unique vertex colored with the maximal color appearing on that face. They proved that every plane graph has such a coloring with the numbers 1, …, 6. We prove that every plane graph has such a coloring with the numbers 1, …, 5 and we also prove the list variant of the statement for lists of sizes seven.
Radiative properties of clouds over a tropical Bolivian glacier: seasonal variations and relationship with regional atmospheric circulation
Authors: Sicart Jean Emmanuel , Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Quéno Louis , Medina Melissa 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAt low latitudes, strong seasonal changes in cloud cover and precipitation largely control the mass balance of glaciers. Measurements of shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes reaching Zongo glacier, Bolivia (16°S, 5060 m asl), were analysed from 2005 to 2013 to investigate cloud radiative properties. Cloud shortwave attenuation and longwave emission were greater in the wet summer season (DJF) than in the dry winter season (JJA) probably because most DJF clouds were low warm cumulus associated with local convection, whereas JJA clouds were frequently altostratus associated with extra‐tropical perturbations. Solar irradiance was high all year round and cloud radiative forcing on down‐welling fluxes was strongly negative, with monthly averages ranging from ‐60 to ‐110 W m−2 from the dry to the wet season, respectively. In the wet season, high extraterrestrial solar irradiance and low shortwave transmissivity caused very negative cloud forcing despite the high longwave emissivity of convective clouds. Reanalysis of wind and geopotential height anomalies and outgoing longwave radiation satellite data were used to characterize the regional atmospheric circulation causing thick cloud covers (10% thickest clouds) during the dry (JJA), transition (SON), and wet (DJF) seasons. Around 87% (80%) of cloud events in JJA (SON) occurred during the incursion of low‐level southern wind from southern South America to the Bolivian Andes, which caused 2–3 days of cold surge episodes in the Cordillera Real. Around 13% of cloudy days in JJA were associated with high‐level low‐pressure conditions over the Chilean coast around 45°S, including cut‐off lows. In SON, 20% of cloudy days were associated with summer conditions, characterized by an active Bolivian High and moist air advection from the Amazon basin. In the wet season, only 46% of thick cloud events were associated with low‐level southern wind incursions, the other events being associated with the South American Monsoon.
MIS 13–12 in Britain and the North Atlantic: understanding the palaeoclimatic context of the earliest Acheulean
Authors: Candy Ian , Schreve Danielle , White Tom S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTResearch over the last two decades has revealed a rich record of Lower Palaeolithic occupation in Britain before 450 000 years. Acheulean industries (Mode II) first appear in the later part of the early Middle Pleistocene [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 19–13]. This paper reviews: (i) the age of the earliest Acheulean in Britain; (ii) the climates under which the earliest Acheulean industries occur, as recorded by the palaeoecological assemblages that are found at key archaeological sites; and (iii) the spatial and temporal pattern of regional climate change, i.e. the magnitude of glacial/interglacial cycles that occurred as a backdrop to the first arrival of Mode II archaeology in Britain. This review suggests that in Britain, the earliest Acheulean populations arrived during MIS 13 and that early occupation occurred under a range of climatic/environmental settings but frequently under post‐temperate late interglacial or interstadial‐type cool boreal environments. Furthermore, this review shows that the pattern of climate forcing in Western Europe during MIS 13–12 was not analogous to the interglacial cycles of the past 450 000 years as latitudinal climate gradients appear to have been less pronounced. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of these observations for understanding the arrival of the earliest Acheulean in Britain.