bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kv4.2 knockout mice display learning and memory deficits in the Lashley maze
Authors: Smith Gregory D. , Gao Nan , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Potassium channels have been shown to be involved in neural plasticity and learning. Kv4.2 is a subunit of the A-type potassium channel. Kv4.2 channels modulate excitability in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the cortex and hippocampus. Deletion of Kv4.2 results in spatial learning and conditioned fear deficits; however, previous studies have only examined deletion of Kv4.2 in aversive learning tests. Methods: For the current study, we used the Lashley maze as an appetitive learning test. We examined Kv4.2 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice in the Lashley maze over 4 days during adulthood. The first day consisted of habituating the mice to the maze. The mice then received five trials per day for the next 3 days. The number of errors and the time to the goal box was recorded for each trial. The goal box contained a weigh boat with an appetitive reward (gelatin with sugar). There was an intertrial interval of 15 minutes. Results: We found that Kv4.2 KO mice committed more errors across the trials compared to the WT mice p<0.001. There was no difference in the latency to find the goal box over the period. Discussion: Our finding that deletion of Kv4.2 resulted in more errors in the Lashley maze across 15 trials contribute to a growing body of evidence that Kv4.2 channels are significantly involved in learning and memory.
Behavioral Price Discrimination in the Presence of Switching Costs
Authors: Cosguner Koray , Chan Tat Y. , (Seethu) Seetharaman P. B. 
Published: February 2017

We study the strategic impacts of behavioral price discrimination (BPD) on manufacturers and retailers in a distribution channel when there are switching costs in consumer demand. Unlike previous empirical studies of behavioral price discrimination, which rely only on differences in price elasticity across customers, our pricing model allows the firm strategies to additionally account for differences in price elasticity across time (due to switching costs). We estimate a dynamic pricing model using empirical data from the cola category and, through a series of counterfactuals, we find that the retailer should simply outsource the data analytics and customization of coupons to manufacturers and improve its profit beyond what it can achieve by proactively couponing on its own. We further find that serving as an information broker to sell its customer database to manufacturers can be a vital source of profit to the retailer. By contrast, manufacturers end up worse off, illustrating that customer information is a potent source of channel power to the retailer. Finally, we show that simply using customers’ most recent purchase information can significantly impact firms’ profits. BPD based on this information is easy to implement and of low cost to manufacturers and retailers. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1024 .
Relationship of extender and packaging system an the length of preservation and the quality of chilled semen of Boer goat
Authors: Febretrisiana Arie , Anwar . , Sinulingga Simon 
Published: February 2017

<p class="abstrak2">The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of different extender (either Triladyl or Tris Egg Yolk extender) and different packaging method (pool and straw) of chilled semen an the length of preservation and the quality of chilled semen of Boer goat. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina from 3 two years old Boer bucks with body weight of 50-55 kg. It was evaluated under a microscope, then each was diluted either in Tris egg yolk extender (TEY) or Triladyl. Those diluted sperms were then packed either in pool or straw and preserved at 5⁰C refrigerator. Sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity of each group were evaluated every 24 h for up to 5 days. Results showed that sperm motility in Triladyl of pool packaging system up to 3 days was higher than straw packaging system or TEY in pool or straw packaging system which were 45.8%, 26.1%, 32.1% and 9.1%, respectively (P&lt;0.05). Percentage of sperm membrane integrity showed the same pattern to Triladyl both in pool and straw packaging system which was higher than TEY group (75.2% and 77,2%; P&lt;0.05). Sperm viability in Triladyl both in pool or straw packaging system decreased (P&lt;0.05) after 3 days of preservation (77.1% and 76.2%) but TEY significanly decreased after 4 days of preservation either in pool or straw packaging system (73.2% and 58.0%; P&lt;0.05). It was concluded that sperm quality decreased with increasing of the length of preservation while Triladyl extender in pool packaging system showed the best quality.</p><strong>Key Words: </strong>Chilled Semen, Boer, Triladyl, Tris Egg Yolk, Straw
EXAMINING STUDENTS’ NEEDS FOR ENGLISH AS REQUIRED COURSE IN DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Wulandari Dwi 
Published: February 2017

This study is aimed at finding out what students need in taking English as required course, what students want to learn, and how they want to learn. The data were taken from 500 questionnaires distributed to students. The data revealed that most of the students do have positive attitude in learning English, and because of this the students have more chances to take the best of their learning. However, as most of the students also take English because they are required to do so, there are also some factors that may discourage learners’ motivation in learning, i.e. materials selection, and teaching methods. Kajian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui apa yang diinginkan oleh mahasiswa dalam mengambil mata kuliah MKDU Bahasa Inggris, secara spesifik untuk mengetahui materi apa yang mereka ingin pelajari, dan bagaimana mereka ingin mempelajarinya. Data diambil dari kuesioner yang disebarkan pada 500 mahasiswa. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa memiliki sikap bahasa yang positif dalam mepelajari Bahasa Inggris, dan oleh karenanya mahasiswa memiliki kesempatan lebih banyak untuk mengambil keuntungan terbesar dari perkuliahan tersebut. Namun demikian, karena sebagian besar mahasiswa mengambil mata kuliah tersebut karena kewajiban, ada beberapa hal yang menyurutkan motivasi mahasiswa, yakni pemilihan materi, dan metode mengajar dosen Bahasa Inggris.
VARIETY USING OF ADDRESS FORMS IN JAPANESE SOCIETY IN PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
Authors: Mangga Stephanus 
Published: February 2017

Every social and cultural community has its own appropriate ways and forms to address someone. Addressing someone in appropriate way is a sign of respect and honorific. This paper describes various uses of address forms in Japanese society. Japanese society has four address forms in common: ―chan, ―kun, ―san, and ―sama forms. They are related to social dimensions: social distance scale, status scale, and formality scale. In addition, background of various uses of the forms in perspective of sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics is thought as reflection of cultural aspects which exist in Japanese society. Those are politeness-deference aspects, seniority-junior aspects, and insider-outsider aspects. Finally, there are two major findings of this study: (1) various uses of address forms in Japanese society and cultural relation to social dimensions, (2) various uses of address forms in Japanese society and Japanese culture as a reflection of cultural aspects. Setiap komunitas sosial dan budaya memiliki cara-cara dan bentuk-bentuknya sendiri untuk memanggil seseorang. Memanggil seseorang dengan cara yang tepat adalah sebagai tanda penghargaan dan penghormatan. Penelitian ini adalah tentang perbedaan penggunaan bentuk panggilan dalam masyarakat Jepang. Secara umum, masyarakat Jepang memiliki empat bentuk panggilan yaitu –chan, -kun, -san, dan –sama. Perbedaan dalam menggunakan bentuk tersebut dikaitkan dengan dimensi sosial contohnya skala jarak sosial, status sosial, dan formalitas. Sedangkan dalam perspektif sosiolinguistik dan linguistik antropologi, latar belakang perbedaan dalam menggunakan bentuk-bentuk sapaan adalah sebagai refleksi aspek budaya yang ada dalam masyarakat Jepang seperti aspek-aspek kesopanan-penghargaan, aspek-aspek senioritas-junioritas, dan aspek-aspek ke dalam dan ke luar. Dari penelitian ini didapat dua temuan utama: (1) perbedaan dalam menggunakan bentuk-bentuk sapaan di masyarakat Jepang dan budaya yang berkaitan dengan dimensi social, (2) perbedaan dalam menggunakan bentuk-bentuk sapaan dalam masyarakat dan budaya Jepang sebagai refleksi aspek budaya.
Social – Cultural Sustainability of a Local Community through Visual Identification on the Example of the Town of Zabok
Authors: Dončić Siniša Hajdaš , Đurek Nikola 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In order for a local community to set up mechanisms for shaping and enforcing public politics which strengthen local communities, historical research that would lead to the identity of a local community must be conducted thus enabling the identification of the community as a tourist destination. Analytical-synthetic method will be used to define the concept of a local community, that is the sustainability of a local community as one element of sustainability in general, as well as the concept of a tourist destination. The identity of a local community may be presented using basic means of visual communication (graphic design, typography, photography, illustration), which if defined and applied appropriately, will improve the distinguished identity of a local community.
Interpretation as a Value (RE)Construction of the Legal Norm
Authors: Pavčnik Marijan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the context of a normative concretisation of the statute, the term “statute” is not synonymous with the law that can be repeated in light of a concrete case. In this context, the interpreter is the one who (1) “reconstructs” the possibilities contained in the statute, (2) articulates more precisely the contents of these possibilities, and (3) chooses the combination of possibilities that corresponds most closely to the legally relevant features of the life case (which also must be interpreted). Thus the interpreter’s productivity consists in recognizing a legal provision as referring to a type of conduct − for example, as recognizing that the statutory signs “exceeding the speed limit” refer to, inter alia, a type of behaviour known as driving a car too fast through a town. Moreover, the decision-maker has decided the case just this way, which means it is the decision-maker and not the “statutory text” that has excluded the possibility of any other legal solution (e. g. of driving too fast in a state of emergency). The statute refers to cases that will only occur in the future and are at the present moment, in a more or less defined way, envisaged by the legislator. Irrespective of the extent and intensiveness of the envisaging, the interpretation must remain true to the core meaning of the norm and to the semantic possibilities of the statute text.
Personal Pronouns ja [I] and on [he] in the Communication Context
Authors: Bodnárová Martina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Contribution presents a partial research probe into the problems of non-institutional dialogue of adults in Eastern Slovakia focused on two representative means of a personal pronouns subsystem – ja [I] and on [he]. We observe their communication use in the spontaneous communication through the prism of the adult dialogue typology (cf. Bodnárová, 2012). One of the main issues associated with the group of the personal pronouns is the motivation of the explicit expression of pronominal subject. In the contribution we reflect on this particular issue, based on the existing research of the analogous issues, above all in Slovak and Czech linguistics. Despite of this fact, it is not limited to affirmative findings and exemplification, but it attempts to deepen and complement the already known findings through their own original material. In addition to communication and pragmatic approach we also apply point of view of the personal deixis and syntax.
“This is a […] Story;”” the Refusal of a Master Text in Noah Hawley’s Fargo
Authors: Redmon Allen H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Each episode of Noah Hawley’s first two seasons of Fargo begins with the same claim: “this is a true story.” The claim might invite the formation of what Thomas Leitch (2007) calls a “privileged master text,” except that Hawley undermines the creation of such a text in at least two ways. On the one hand, Hawley uses his truth claim as a way to direct his audience into the film he is adapting – Joel and Ethan Coen’s (1996) film by the same name. Hawley ensures throughout his first season that those who know or who come-to-know the Coens’ work will recognize his story as an extension of the Coens’s world. Hawley references the Coens’ world so much that his audience is never entirely outside the Coens’ universe, and certainly not in any world a story based on a true event might pretend to occupy. At the same time, Hawley allows different speakers to make the opening truth claim by the end of his second season, which further prevents his truth assertion from locating viewers in any actual world. Hawley’s second move reveals that true stories are always subjective stories, which means they are always constructed stories. In this way, a true story is no more definitive than any other story. All stories are, in keeping with Jorge Luis Borges’ attitude toward definitive texts, only a draft or a version of a story. Every telling invites another, alternative retelling. A true story is, therefore, above all a story.
Development of Inverse Cambia and Structure of Secondary Xylem in Ipomoea turbinata (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Rajput Kishore S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStructural transformation of mechanical tissues during the shift from a freestanding to a climbing habit is a characteristic of lianas, which are increasingly abundant in tropical forests. The modification of mechanical tissue and the evolution of a new growth pattern serve to increase stem flexibility and conductive efficiency. In Ipomoea turbinata Lag. (Convolvulaceae), the stem thickens via the formation of two distinct types of successive cambia: functionally normal successive cambia (producing xylem centripetally and phloem centrifugally), and inverse cambia (producing xylem centrifugally and phloem centripetally). The former originates from pericyclic derivatives (parenchyma cells located outside the primary phloem), while the latter originates from the conjunctive parenchyma located on the inner margin of the secondary xylem formed from vascular cambium. The secondary xylem produced by normal cambia is significantly more abundant than the xylem formed by inverse cambia. During primary growth, intraxylary primary phloem differentiates concomitantly with the protoxylem at the periphery of the pith; additional intraxylary secondary phloem is added from adjacent parenchyma cells as the plant ages. During initiation of every successive cambium, middle cells in the meristem give rise to cambium, and cells on either side of it serve as sites for initiation of future cambia. The functional role of inverse cambia remains unknown and awaits further experimental studies.
Properties of degraded and reclaimed soils in the area of the abandoned “Jeziórko” sulfur mine (Poland)
Authors: Knap Renata , Kaniuczak Janina , Hajduk Edmund , Szewczyk Adam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine some physicochemical and chemical properties of post-mining soils reclaimed in different directions, after completed sulfur exploitation by means of the borehole (Frash) method. The study was conducted in 2013 in the former Sulfur Mine „Jeziórko” located on the Tarnobrzeg Plain between Tarnobrzeg and Stalowa Wola cities (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, south Poland). It covered an area of land reclaimed as the arable or forest land. The most important problems connected with sulfur exploitation was the occurrence of a layer of solid sulfur which was previously removed. During the reclamation process, embankments and excavations were leveled through replenishing large amounts of ground, post-flotation lime, mineral fertilizers, and sewage sludge. Moreover, studies upon degraded and non-reclaimed area (by 2013) were also carried out. Examined land was characterized by granulometric composition of sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. Re-leveling of degraded land using post-flotation lime contributed to lower levels of acidification of reclaimed soil surface. The highest contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in the surface layers of the soils studied. Content of available potassium ranged from very low to average. The soils were characterized by a high content of available magnesium in the surface layers of the profiles (maximum 71.8 mg·kg−1 in soil reclaimed as forest land), while below the Mg content was usually low. Contents of individual exchangeable cations could be lined up in a following decreasing sequence: Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+ Referring to the topsoil, reclaimed soils were characterized by more favorable properties (pH close to neutral, lower acidity, higher sorption capacity, higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium concentrations) as compared to non-reclaimed soil.
Method for determining iodine-127 in soils
Authors: Tołoczko Wojciech 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA method was presented for determining the content of stable iodine-127 (127I) in soil samples. The method is based on the reaction rate of cerium cation (IV) with arsene (III) anion. The rate of this reaction is catalysed with the amount of iodide anions (I−) in a mineralised soil sample. The method is precise, with repeatable results, and it is ready for common application. The method was verified with the use of an analytical sample manufactured by POCH SA: TitraFix™ analytical sample of potassium iodateiodide 0.05 mol·dm−3I2(0.1N), (index: 743110161-020-1, tolerance range: ± 0.2%).
Simple Power Analysis Attack on the QC-LDPC McEliece Cryptosystem
Authors: Fabšič Tomáš , Gallo Ondrej , Hromada Viliam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It is known that a naive implementation of the decryption algorithm in the McEliece cryptosystem allows an attacker to recover the secret matrix P by measuring the power consumption. We demonstrate that a similar threat is present in the QC-LDPC variant of the McEliece cryptosystem. We consider a naive implementation of the decryption algorithm in the QC-LDPC McEliece cryptosystem. We demonstrate that this implementation leaks information about positions of ones in the secret matrix Q. We argue that this leakage allows an attacker to completely recover the matrix Q. In addition, we note that the quasi-cyclic nature of the matrix Q allows to accelerate the attack significantly.
Oblivious Lookup-Tables
Authors: Wamser Markus Stefan , Rass Stefan , Schartner Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEvaluating arbitrary functions on encrypted data is one of the holy grails of cryptography, with Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) being probably the most prominent and powerful example. FHE, in its current state is, however, not efficient enough for practical applications. On the other hand, simple homomorphic and somewhat homomorphic approaches are not powerful enough to support arbitrary computations.We propose a new approach towards a practicable system for evaluating functions on encrypted data. Our approach allows to chain an arbitrary number of computations, which makes it more powerful than existing efficient schemes. As with basic FHE we do not encrypt or in any way hide the function, that is evaluated on the encrypted data. It is, however, sufficient that the function description is known only to the evaluator. This situation arises in practice for software as a Software as a Service (SaaS)-scenarios, where an evaluator provides a function only known to him and the user wants to protect his data. Another application might be the analysis of sensitive data, such as medical records.In this paper we restrict ourselves to functions with only one input parameter, which allow arbitrary transformations on encrypted data.
Modelling an Interactive Road Signs System, Using Petri Nets
Authors: Kombe Timothee , Ele Pierre , Offole Florence , Miasse Herman Olivier 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper is a contribution to the problems of road insecurity in Africa. Due to non-respect of road sign and to the lack of signing, roads have become places of all dangers. It becomes imperative to establish an interaction between the authorities and the offending drivers. To reach this goal, we modelled an interactive road-vehicle-signage system, who locally informs the driver on the requirements of traffic signs. This model having interest only in the event of driving by bad weather or deterioration of panels, we are amending by inserting functions aimed to warn and punish the driver in the event of maintenance of an offense. Indeed, when the driver is about to commit a fault, firstly the system issues a warming (visual, audible or mechanical). Then, a message (SMS) is sent to the authorities. We include the concept of floating process engaged by devices other than the signage. We show that, with a few considerations, from the functional point of view, they are identical to the process engaged by the signage. Furthermore, in terms of performance, the model renewed warnings that occurred just before the end panel of prohibitions. It stores messages of offenses occurred without the network, then notifies them when a network is detected. We propose algorithms for incremental design and analysis of the model, whose processes are activated and / or are extinguished, according to the type of sign or tag encountered. We show by simulation and by linear algebra that, the model retains its properties of absence of blocking and boundedness during the evolution of the system, hence its validation.
Efficiency Estimation of Specialized Multifunctional Ships at Optimal Designing
Authors: Zvaigzne Andrejs , Bondarenko Oleksandr 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness assessment of specialized ships was discussed. Three groups of criteria such as financially-economic, technical and operational were analyzed. As an integrated criterion, “cost-effectiveness” ratio was proposed to be used. Selection of the optimum design characteristics of specialized ships were offered to carried out by solving the optimization problem. The description of the optimization problem formulation and the method of its solution were presented.
Structural Dynamics Modification of Vibration-Test Fixture
Authors: Amjad M. S. , Rehman A. , Amjad M. Z. , Usman M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Vibration tests are designed and executed for verifying the qualification of aerospace hardware. To accomplish this, a test fixture is required, to transmit mechanical energy from the shaker to the test specimen. This paper presents the experimental testing and finite element model correlation of an available vibration test fixture. The objective was to design an optimized fixture in which the first natural frequency was out of the test frequency range (5–2000 Hz). Many iterations of the test were performed, but the results are presented for only the few that contributed to the optimized design of the vibration test fixture. The final optimized design is presented and discussed.