bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educator perceptions of the complex needs of young people in Pupil Referral Units: An exploratory qualitative analysis
Authors: Kaip Dennis , Blackwood Nigel , Kew-Simpson Sarah , Wickersham Alice , Harvey Joel , Dickson Hannah 
Published: September 2024

Background
Alternative education provision such as Pupil Referral Units support young people who have been excluded from mainstream school settings and often from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, there is limited research to date exploring educators’ perceptions of the complex needs of young people in PRUs, and the extent to which PRUs as currently configured can meet such needs.

Methods
Between March 2019 and October 2020 twenty-two participants holding various educational roles from five different Pupil Referral Units across London and Southeast England were interviewed. The interviews aimed to explore the participants’ experiences of working with students in PRU’s and examine some of the challenges that they might encounter. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using Reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
The three identified themes and their sub-themes highlighted the complex needs of these young people and identified significant barriers to effective service provision. The first theme ‘Complexities of PRU population’ highlighted the challenges that young people in PRUs face and perceived systemic short falls in addressing such complexity. The second theme ‘Challenges of the PRU environment’ highlights the frustrations that educators experience when it comes to providing adequate support to young people in PRU’s, the absence of agency support, and the uncertainty that these educational settings can bring. The third theme ‘Peer Group Influences’ highlights the impact of peer groups from beyond the classroom on engagement within the classroom.

Conclusions
Despite the clear complex needs of young people in PRUs, staff reported feeling ill-equipped to support these individuals and lacked access to effective inter-agency support. Participants reported that pupils’ mental health difficulties were exacerbated by exclusion and reintegration practices, an over-zealous focus on educational outcomes and the impact of gang influences on their school lives. Implications include more specific mental health training for staff working in PRU’s, improved inter-agency working and the incorporation of trauma-informed approaches in educational practice.
Influenza vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a Northeastern province in Thailand: Findings of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shrestha Manash , Sherer Penchan Pradubmook , Paek Seung Chun , Prasert Kriengkrai , Chawalchitiporn Sutthinan , Praphasiri Prabda 
Published: September 2024

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important target group for influenza vaccination due to their increased risk of infection. However, their uptake remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify and measure influenza vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand.

Methods
A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted during August–September 2020, among 350 HCWs at six hospitals in the province selected by a two-stage cluster sampling using a self-administered questionnaire. HCWs who either delayed getting influenza vaccines, accepted the vaccines but were unsure, or refused the vaccine with doubts were categorized as hesitant. HCWs who accepted the influenza vaccine without any doubts were classified as non-hesitant. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy were identified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 338 participants (97%) filled the questionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 37.2 years. Most participants were female (280; 83%), nurses (136; 40%), working at district hospitals (238; 71%), with bachelor’s degree (223; 66%), and without any pre-existing chronic medical conditions (264; 78%). Influenza vaccine hesitancy was evident among nearly 60% of the participants (197/338), who had varying patterns of hesitancy. Significant factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy were found to be age above 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–8.5), fair knowledge of influenza and vaccination (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), and negative influence of other HCW (High level–aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.8; Moderate level- aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.4).

Conclusion
Influenza vaccine hesitancy was highly prevalent among the Thai HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province. Imparting updated information to the HCW, in combination with positive guidance from influential HCWs in the hospital, may help reduce hesitancy. These data may be useful to the National Immunization Program to design appropriate approaches to target hesitant HCWs in Thailand to improve influenza vaccine coverage.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEGACITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION
Authors: Zhigulev Petr 
Published: September 2024

A smart planet begins with smart cities. By 2000, the urban population made up 47% of the world's inhabitants. Analysts predict that by 2050, more than 70% of the Earth's population will live in cities, which will undoubtedly lead to an increase in traffic, expansion of building construction, require more efforts in energy resource conservation, environmental protection, and public health, and will increase the need for interaction between government, business, and society.
Today, the efficiency of urban services depends not only on the city's investment in physical infrastructure ("capital in tangible form") but also on the availability and quality of telecommunication channels and social infrastructure (intellectual capital and social capital). This latter form of capital determines the city's competitiveness. This is why the "smart city" model has been introduced as a strategic means of organizing modern urban production factors into a unified structure and drawing attention to the increasingly significant role of information and communication technologies (ICT), social capital, and natural capital in defining urban competitiveness. The importance of these assets—social and natural capital—is what distinguishes "smart" cities from less technologically advanced ones, creating a clear boundary between them and allowing them to be labeled as digital or intelligent cities.
KETENTUAN NASAB ANAK SAH, TIDAK SAH, DAN ANAK HASIL TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI BUATAN MANUSIA: antara UU Perkawinan dan Fikih Konvensional
Authors: Muamar Afif 
Published: September 2024

The aim of marriage is for procreation, but the validity of the marriage itself also participating to determine the validity of the birth of children nasab later. Along with the times that any Islamic family law in Indonesia has undergone many changes. Because of that provision nasab legitimate child, illegitimate child of reproductive technology and man-made law was not immune from the effects of changes there. To respond this issue, it should be used instead of a reference source is limited to conventional Fiqh books, it means that it is ontinues logic of the completed product of what is called as “Islamic law”. Therefore, the Indonesian regulation—such as Law of Marriage No.1 (1974) and the Islamic Law Compilation—are the major references in answering the roblems, it certainly lead to unrest in the community on legal certainty.[Salah satu tujuan perkawinan adalah untuk memperoleh keturunan, akan tetapi keabsahan perkawinan itu sendiri juga turut serta dalam menentukan keabsahan nasab anak yang dilahirkannya nanti. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang terjadi, hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia telah banyak mengalami perubahan. Karena itu, ketentuan nasab anak sah, tidak sah, dan anak hasil teknologi reproduksi buatan manusia pun hukumnya tidak luput dari pengaruh perubahan yang ada. Untuk memberikan jawaban atas perkembangan masalah di atas, maka sudah seharusnya sumber rujukan yang dipergunakan bukan terbatas pada kitab-kitab Fikih Konvensional saja, yang notabene sebagaisuatu kelanjutan logis atau salah satu produk jadi dari apa yang sering disebut sebagai hukum Islam. Karena itu, peraturan hukum di Indonesia–seperti Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)—juga harus menjadi rujukan utama dalam menjawab permasalahan yang bisa saja suatu saat menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat mengenai kepastian hukumnya.]
Knockdown of USP7 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating EZH2 expression
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Yanchun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease associated with lipid accumulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of AS is essential. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitination enzyme involved in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of USP7 in AS progression and its underlying mechanism using ApoE-deficient mice. We found that USP7 ablation improved the morphological characteristics of AS in these mice. USP7 knockdown reduced inflammation, evidenced by decreases in inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β by 35, 40, and 38%, respectively (p < 0.01). Additionally, USP7 depletion reduced oxidative stress, indicated by a 30% reduction in malondialdehyde levels and increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels by 25 and 28%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, USP7 knockdown blocked lipid accumulation in aortic tissue cells. Mechanistically, USP7 knockdown inhibited enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) expression, thereby suppressing AS progression. In conclusion, USP7 depletion alleviated AS progression in ApoE-deficient mice by targeting EZH2 expression. USP7 may serve as a therapeutic target for AS.
The expression and clinical significance of syncytin-1 in serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhuang Xuewei , Shi Xiao , Zhao Hui , Shang Shuai , Xu Xinyu , Wang Xiaomin , Zheng Xin , He Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of syncytin-1 in the serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Serum samples were collected from 61 patients with newly diagnosed HCC and 61 healthy individuals. Exosomes were extracted from serum samples and identified using transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. The relative expression levels of syncytin-1 in exosomes were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein and syncytin-1 in HCC patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of serum exosomal syncytin-1 in diagnosing HCC. The relationships between syncytin-1 expression and clinical pathological features were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results showed that the expression level of syncytin-1 in the serum of patients with newly diagnosed HCC was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.0001). Using pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of syncytin-1 for the auxiliary diagnosis of HCC were 91.3% and 75.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of alpha-fetoprotein (P < 0.0001). The relative expression level of serum exosomal syncytin-1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, and CNLC staging of HCC patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, syncytin-1 in serum exosomes has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing HCC and can serve as a novel tumor marker for early screening, detection, and staging of HCC.
Evaluation of serum NFL, T-tau, p-tau181, p-tau217, Aβ40 and Aβ42 for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kahouadji Samy , Pereira Bruno , Sapin Vincent , Valentin Audrey , Bonnet Agathe , Dionet Elsa , Durif Julie , Lahaye Clément , Boisgard Stéphane , Moisset Xavier , Bouvier Damien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the variations and diagnostic performance of serum biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
In this monocentric prospective study, neurofilament light (NFL), T-tau, p-tau181, p-tau217, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were measured in serum collected from orthopedic patients (control group, n=114) and patients in the neurology department (n=69) previously diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n=52), parkinsonian syndromes (n=10), and other etiologies of neurodegeneration (non-AD, n=7).

Results
In the control group, serum NFL, T-tau, p-tau181, p-tau217, and Aβ40 significantly increased with age, independently of sex. NFL (p=0.0078), p-tau217 (p<0.001) were significantly increased with neurodegeneration when compared to controls, with only p-tau217 significant in the multivariate analysis (p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis accounting for age highlighted a significant increase of p-tau217 (p<0.001) in the AD subgroup. NFL was significantly increased in the non-AD patients (p<0.001), and in the parkinsonian syndromes subgroup (p=0.016) when compared to negative controls. Serum p-tau181 and p-tau217 were significantly correlated with CSF p-tau181 (Spearman’s coefficients of 0.43 and 0.48 respectively, n=40). Areas under the ROC curves for the identification of patients with neurodegenerative diseases were 0.62 (0.54–0.70) for NFL, 0.62 (0.54–0.71) for T-tau, 0.83 (0.76–0.89) for p-tau217, and 0.66 (0.58–0.74) for Aβ40.

Conclusions
Serum biomarkers can help identify patients with neurodegenerative disease and may be a valuable tool for care and orientation. Phosphorylated tau p-tau217 is a promising blood biomarker for AD and NFL for other etiologies.
Scoring and Consequential Validity Evidence of Computer- and Paper-Based Writing Tests in Times of Change
Authors: Guapacha-Chamorro María , Chaves-Varón Orlando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Little is known about how the assessment modality, i. e., computer-based (CB) and paper-based (PB) tests, affects language teachers’ scorings, perceptions, and preferences and, therefore, the validity and fairness of classroom writing assessments. The present mixed-methods study used Shaw and Weir’s (2007) sociocognitive writing test validation framework to examine the scoring and consequential validity evidence of CB and PB writing tests in EFL classroom assessment in higher education. Original handwritten and word-processed texts of 38 EFL university students were transcribed to their opposite format and assessed by three language lecturers (N = 456 texts, 152 per teacher) to examine the scoring validity of CB and PB tests. The teachers’ perceptions of text quality and preferences for assessment modality accounted for the consequential validity evidence of both tests. Findings revealed that the assessment modality impacted teachers’ scorings, perceptions, and preferences. The teachers awarded higher scores to original and transcribed handwritten texts, particularly text organization and language use. The teachers’ perceptions of text quality differed from their ratings, and physical, psychological, and experiential characteristics influenced their preferences for assessment modality. The results have implications for the validity and fairness of CB and PB writing tests and teachers’ assessment practices.
Constitutional Reform in a Fragile and Conflict-Affected Environment? Outlook on Constitutional Reform Processes in Ethiopia
Authors: Van der Beken Christophe , Wondimu Tilahun Tefera , Ayele Zemelak Ayitenew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Ethiopian Federal Constitution currently in force has hitherto been formally unreformed. This does not mean that there has been no societal pressure to reform; rather, the opposite is true. Since the time of its adoption, the Constitution has been a controversial document, and it has been subjected to substantial criticism both from within academic circles and from a wide range of political parties and other societal elites. Due to a lack of democratic space in the process of its development, the Federal Constitution has suffered from a legitimacy deficit, which has prevented the document from constituting the basis for a widely shared national identity or standard for common citizenship. These legitimacy problems have not benefited from the fact that the many identity-related tensions and conflicts that have ravaged the country and have prevented durable peace, stability, and sustainable socio-economic development are directly linked to the Constitution by its detractors. It seems that only a constitutional reform could offer a way out. Rather than focusing on the substance of constitutional reform, this paper concentrates on the process that should create a conducive environment for such substantive options to be debated and decided on. While the deep ethnic polarization and manifold public security problems currently afflicting Ethiopian society make such reform necessary, they simultaneously create a very challenging environment for a constitutional reform process to be adequately implemented and administered. In this regard, the paper argues that, apart from the necessity of securitization measures, the design of the constitutional reform process, which needs to be participatory and inclusive, can have a positive impact on both these security problems and on the development and drafting of a constitutional document that provides a widely agreed-upon and, hence, legitimate foundation for durable peace, stability, and sustainable socio-economic development.
On decidability of the product of subgroups membership problem for nilpotent groups
Authors: Roman’kov Vitaly 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The product of subgroups membership problem for a finitely generated group 𝐺 is the decision problem, where, given two or more finitely generated subgroups

K
i

K_{i}

,

i
=

1
,
…
,
m

i=1,\ldots,m

, of 𝐺 and a group element 𝑔, it is asked whether

g
∈

∏

i
=
1

m

K
i

g\in\prod_{i=1}^{m}K_{i}

.
In this paper, we prove that, for any finitely generated nilpotent group 𝑁 of class two, the product of two subgroups membership problem is decidable.
Note that this problem is equivalent to the problem of determining the non-emptiness of the intersection of two cosets of finitely generated subgroups.
We also show that, for a sufficiently large direct power

H
n

\mathbb{H}^{n}

of the Heisenberg group ℍ, there exists a product

K
=

∏

i
=
1

4

K
i

K=\prod_{i=1}^{4}K_{i}

of four finitely generated subgroups for which the membership problem is algorithmically undecidable.
The proof of the last assertion is based on the undecidability of Hilbert’s 10th problem and interpretation of Diophantine equations in nilpotent groups.
The question of decidability of the membership problem for a product of three finitely generated subgroups in a nilpotent group of class two remains open.
A rare case of skeletal dysplasia: biallelic variant in ACAN gene
Authors: Arslan Gülçin , Hazan Filiz , Tabanlı Gülin , Kırkgöz Tarık , Özkan Behzat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Spondylo-epimetaphyseal dysplasia-aggregan (SEMD-ACAN) is a rare form of osteo-chondrodysplasia that includes vertebral, epiphyseal and metaphyseal dysplasia. It occurs as a result of loss-of-function mutations in the ACAN gene, which encodes aggregan protein, which is the basic component of the extracellular matrix in cartilage. It results in disproportionately short stature and skeletal abnormalities. Here, we aimed to present the fourth SEMD-ACAN report in the literature.

Case presentation
A 9-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic with growth retardation. She was born from a first-degree cousin marriage with severe short stature (41 cm; −3.54 SDS). Her mother also had severe short stature. Her height was 110 cm (−4.6 SDS); she had midface hypoplasia, low-set ears, short neck, short limbs, and central obesity. Biochemical and hormonal tests were normal. Skeletal survey showed moderate platyspondylia, thoracolumbar scoliosis, lumbar lordosis, bilateral femoro-acetabular narrowing, and advanced bone age (10 years). The patient’s brother was 100 cm (−3.97 SDS). He had similar but milder clinical findings. Biallelic ACAN variation (c.512C>T; p. Ala171Val) was detected in two siblings by next-generation sequencing. The parents were heterozygous carriers. Before, the heterozygous form of this variant has been reported in a 15-year-old boy with short stature, advanced bone age, and dysmorphic features.

Conclusions
SEMD-ACAN is a rare genetic condition that affects bone growth and development and can cause physical and developmental abnormalities. This article highlights the importance of considering genetic testing in characteristic symptoms associated with SEMD-ACAN, such as severe growth retardation and skeletal abnormalities.
SALT TRANSFER IN FROZEN METHANE HYDRATE-CONTAINING SEDIMENTS DURING THEIR INTERACTION WITH SALT SOLUTIONS
Authors: ЧУВИЛИН Е.М. , ЕКИМОВА В.В. , ДАВЛЕТШИНА Д.А. , БУХАНОВ Б.А. , КРИВОХАТ Е.О. 
Published: September 2024

Работа посвящена экспериментальному моделированию взаимодействия мерзлых гидратонасыщенных песчаных пород с солевыми растворами при отрицательных температурах. Показано, что миграция ионов солей в мерзлых гидратосодержащих породах происходит более интенсивно, чем в мерзлых негидратосодержащих. Выявлено, что одним из основных факторов, определяющих интенсивность миграции ионов солей в мерзлых песчаных породах, содержащих газовые гидраты, в отличие от мерзлых негидратосодержащих песков, является давление. С увеличением давления и понижением температуры интенсивность солепереноса в мерзлых гидратосодержащих песках снижается, при этом сохранность порового гидрата повышается. На основе экспериментальных данных впервые получены параметры солепереноса в мерзлом гидратосодержащем песке (плотность солевого потока, коэффициент диффузии) в зависимости от газового давления и температуры окружающей среды.
This study is devoted to experimental modeling of the interaction of frozen hydrate-saturated sandy sediments with salt solutions at subzero temperatures. It is shown that the migration of salt ions in frozen hydrate-containing sands is more active than in frozen hydrate-free sands. Gas pressure proves to be one of the main factors controlling the intensity of migration of salt ions in frozen sands containing gas hydrates in contrast to frozen hydrate-free sands. With an increase in gas pressure and a decrease in temperature, the intensity of salt transfer in frozen hydrate-containing sands decreases, while the preservation of pore hydrates increases. Based on experimental data, the parameters of salt transfer in frozen hydrate-containing sand (salt flux density, diffusion coefficient) depending on gas pressure and ambient temperature have been obtained for the first time.