bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of prenatal immune challenge on the demyelination injury during adulthood
Authors: Mouihate Abdeslam , Al‐Hashash Hessah , Rakhshani‐Moghadam Sarah , Kalakh Samah 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAimBrain inflammation is associated with several brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by demyelination. Whether prenatal immune challenge affects demyelination‐induced inflammation in the white matter during adulthood is unclear. In the present study, we used a well‐established experimental model of focal demyelination to assess whether prenatal immune challenge affects demyelination‐induced inflammation.MethodsPregnant rats were injected with either lipopolysaccharide (100 μg/kg, ip) or pyrogen‐free saline. A 2 μL solution of the gliotoxin ethidium bromide (0.04%) was stereotaxically infused into the corpus callosum of adult male offspring. The extent of demyelination lesion was assessed using Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, mature oligodendrocytes, markers of cellular gliosis, and inflammation were monitored in the vicinity of the demyelination lesion area.ResultsPrenatal lipopolysaccharide reduced the size of the demyelination lesion during adulthood. This reduced lesion was associated with enhanced density of mature oligodendrocytes and reduced density of microglial cells in the vicinity of the demyelination lesion. Such reduction in microglial cell density was accompanied by a reduced activation of the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway.ConclusionThese data strongly suggest that prenatal immune challenge dampens the extent of demyelination during adulthood likely by reprogramming the local brain inflammatory response to demyelinating insults.
A review of the effects of colour and light on non‐image function in humans
Authors: Westland Stephen , Pan Qianqian , Lee SooJin 
Published: July 2017

This paper reviews current knowledge on non‐image‐forming aspects of vision. Developments in the last 20 years have included the discovery of a fifth class of human visual pigment (melanopsin), in addition to the three classes of photopsin to be found in the cones and rhodopsin in the rods in the human retina. Melanopsin is found in a small number of retinal ganglion cells which then, in addition to receiving input from rods and cones, are intrinsically photosensitive. These retinal ganglion cells send their input primarily to the hypothalamus, where they help to regulate the circadian system (daily rhythms of sleep patterns, body temperature, heart rate, etc.). The discovery of the anatomical basis of non‐image‐forming vision has led to a great deal of research into the effects of light on sleep, depression and mood, retinal photodamage and well‐being, amongst other factors. Given that recent technological innovations in LED lighting now give us greater control over environmental lighting, it is timely to review the non‐visual effects of light in humans in order to inform lighting design in the future.
Local Governments' Fiscal Pressure and the Dependence on Polluting Industries in China
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUsing a large, unique county‐level panel dataset for China from 1998 to 2006, this paper investigates the relationship between local governments' fiscal pressure and their preference for developing polluting industries. The results show that there exist fiscal pressure effects; namely, a positive link between the fiscal pressure faced by a county and its industrial tax dependence on polluting industries. We also investigate the heterogeneity of the fiscal pressure effects and find that fiscal pressure effects are significant only when local fiscal pressure is sufficiently high up to a certain point, and when there are more earmarked transfers. In contrast to the situation in east China, fiscal pressure effects in central and west China are more pronounced. Therefore, when dealing with environmental problems, policy‐makers need to take local governments' fiscal conditions into account.
Antipsychotic treatment is associated with inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers alterations among first‐episode psychosis patients: A 7‐month follow‐up study
Authors: Balõtšev Roman , Haring Liina , Koido Kati , Leping Vambola , Kriisa Kärt , Zilmer Mihkel , Vasar Veiko , Piir Anneli , Lang Aavo , Vasar Eero 
Published: July 2017

AimSecond‐generation antipsychotics are commonly used to treat schizophrenia, but may cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a subset of patients. The mechanisms of antipsychotic‐related metabolic changes remain to be established, especially in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients.MethodsIn the present study, we used a chip technology to measure metabolic (C‐peptide, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin) and inflammatory biomarkers (ferritin, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1α, tumour necrosis factor‐α and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1) in the serum samples of a population of FEP patients before and after 7 months of antipsychotic drug treatment, compared to control subjects (CS).ResultsThe comparison of these markers in antipsychotic‐naïve FEP patients (N = 38) and CS (N = 37) revealed significantly higher levels of ferritin (P = .004), and resistin (P = .03) and lower level of leptin (P = .03) among FEP patients group. Seven months of antipsychotic drug treatment in patients (N = 36) ameliorated clinical symptoms, but increased significantly body mass index (BMI; P = .002) and these changes were accompanied by increased levels of C‐peptide (P = .03) and leptin (P = .02), as well as decreased level of adiponectin (P = .01).ConclusionsSeven months of antipsychotic drug treatment suppressed the clinical symptoms of psychosis whereas caused imbalance in metabolic biomarkers and increased BMI. These findings provide insight into antipsychotic‐induced MetS and refer to problems in insulin processing already present in the early stage of the chronic psychotic disorder.
Low density lipopolyprotein inhibits flavivirus acquisition in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Wagar Z. L. , Tree M. O. , Mpoy M. C. , Conway M. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of human pathogens including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Ae. aegypti acquires these viruses during the processing of bloodmeals obtained from an infected vertebrate host. Vertebrate blood contains a number of factors that have the potential to modify virus acquisition in the mosquito. Interestingly, low density lipopolyprotein (LDL) levels are decreased during severe DENV infection. Accordingly, we hypothesized that LDL is a modifiable factor that can influence flavivirus acquisition in the mosquito. We found that LDL is endocytosed by Ae. aegypti cells in a dynamin‐dependent manner. LDL is also endocytosed by midgut epithelial cells and accumulates at the luminal midgut epithelium during bloodmeal digestion. Importantly, pretreatment with LDL, but not high density lipopolyprotein (HDL), significantly inhibited both DENV and ZIKV infection in vitro, and LDL inhibited ZIKV infection in vivo. This study identifies human LDL or ‘bad cholesterol’ as a modifiable factor that can inhibit flavivirus acquisition in Ae. aegypti. Identification of modifiable blood factors and critical cellular interactions that mediate pathogen acquisition may lead to novel strategies to disrupt the transmission cycle of vector‐borne diseases.
Benefits of Attending a Weekend Childhood Cancer Survivor Family Retreat
Authors: Bashore Lisa , Bender Joyce 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo explore the long‐term benefits to families of childhood cancer survivors who attended a weekend childhood cancer survivor family retreat.DesignDescriptive‐qualitative study including families who had attended the weekend retreat at least once but not in the past 12 months, and who attend a large pediatric hematology and oncology cancer survivorship program in Texas.MethodsA semistructured interview guide was used during three audio‐taped focus groups to explore the benefits of having attended a weekend retreat. Descriptive qualitative analysis was used to analyze the focus groups’ transcripts.FindingsSeven families participated in the focus groups, and the themes identified were reconnecting (with others or family), putting life in perspective, and changing outlook on life.ConclusionsRetreats offer families of cancer survivors opportunities to reconnect with others and their own family members in a therapeutic environment. These reconnections in a therapeutic environment enriched the families’ positive outlooks on life and changed their perspectives.Clinical RelevanceFamilies of childhood cancer survivors report a lack of support following the completion of therapy. Retreats in a nonclinical therapeutic setting optimize family‐perceived support, relationship building, and reconnecting survivor families.
The Changing Terrain of Rural Contention in Brazil: Institutionalization and Identity Development in the Landless Movement's Educational Project
Authors: Pahnke Anthony 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStudies of the Brazilian Landless Movement, particularly the MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, Landless Rural Workers' Movement), note two periods of collective action: the time when tactics such as land occupations are deployed to acquire land (luta pela terra) and subsequent mobilizations to develop territory (luta na terra). The latter period, which includes fostering educational opportunities and coordinating economic production, features prolonged interaction with government authorities. Instead of demobilizing during institutionalization, this study argues, postoccupation practices are as contentious as seizing territory. This is apparent in the movement's efforts to influence public policies that lead to the creation of schools where a contentious, movement-centered identity develops. Documenting the movement's efforts in education provides a way to understand how the current moment in rural contention in Brazil—called by some the time toacumular forças(accumulate forces)—remains collective and political instead of indicating movement decline.
Relative exchangeable copper: A valuable tool for the diagnosis of Wilson disease
Authors: Guillaud Olivier , Brunet Anne‐Sophie , Mallet Isabelle , Dumortier Jérôme , Pelosse Martine , Heissat Sophie , Rivet Christine , Lachaux Alain , Bost Muriel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsMeasuring of the relative exchangeable copper seems to be a promising tool for the diagnosis of Wilson disease. The aim of our study is to determine the performance of REC for the diagnosis of Wilson disease in a population of patients with chronic liver diseases.MethodsMeasuring of exchangeable serum copper levels and relative exchangeable copper was performed in a group of Wilson disease patients at diagnosis or at clinical deterioration because of non‐compliance (group 1, n=9), a group of stable WD patients (group 2, n=40), and two groups of patients (adult and paediatric) followed for non‐Wilsonian liver diseases (group 3, n=103 and group 4, n=49 respectively).ResultsExchangeable serum copper (N: 0.6‐1.1 μmol/L) was significantly higher in group 1 (mean 2.2±0.7 μmol/L) compared to the other three groups: group 2=0.9±0.4 μmol/L, group 3=1.2±0.4 μmol/L, group 4=1.1±0.3 μmol/L (P<0.05). Relative exchangeable copper was significantly higher in Wilson disease patients group 1 and 2 (mean 52.6% and 43.8%) compared to patients suffering from other liver diseases (mean 7.1% and 5.9%) (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur study confirms that the determination of relative exchangeable copper is a highly valuable tool for the diagnosis of Wilson disease.
Resilience is decreased in irritable bowel syndrome and associated with symptoms and cortisol response
Authors: Park S. H. , Naliboff B. D. , Shih W. , Presson A. P. , Videlock E. J. , Ju T. , Kilpatrick L. , Gupta A. , Mayer E. A. , Chang L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a stress‐sensitive disorder associated with early adverse life events (EALs) and a dysregulated hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Resilience is the ability to recover and adapt positively to stress but has not been well studied in IBS. The aims of this study are to compare resilience in IBS and healthy controls (HCs) and to assess its relationships with IBS symptom severity, quality of life (QOL), EALs, and HPA axis response.MethodsTwo hundred fifty‐six subjects (154 IBS, 102 HCs) completed questionnaires for resilience (Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale [CD‐RISC] and Brief Resilience Scale [BRS]), IBS symptoms, IBS‐QOL, and EALs. Ninety‐six of these subjects had serial serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels to exogenous corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and ACTH measured. The relationship between IBS status, resilience, and other variables of interest was assessed by regression analysis after adjusting for demographics and neuroticism, a predictor of resilience.Key ResultsResilience was significantly lower in IBS compared to HCs (CD‐RISC: 72.16±14.97 vs 77.32±12.73, P=.003; BRS: 3.29±0.87 vs 3.93±0.69, P<.001); however, only BRS was significant after controlling for neuroticism (P=.001). Lower BRS scores were associated with greater IBS symptom severity (P=.002), poorer IBS‐QOL (P<.001), and a higher number of EALs (P=.01). There was a significant interaction between BRS resilience and IBS status for ACTH‐stimulated cortisol response (P=.031); more resilient IBS subjects had lower cortisol response, and more resilient HCs had higher cortisol response.Conclusions and InferencesLower resilience is associated with IBS status, worse IBS symptom severity, lower IBS‐QOL, greater EALs, and stress hyperresponsiveness.
Genomewide identification of genes involved in the potato response to drought indicates functional evolutionary conservation with Arabidopsis plants
Authors: Pieczynski Marcin , Wyrzykowska Anna , Milanowska Kaja , Boguszewska‐Mankowska Dominika , Zagdanska Barbara , Karlowski Wojciech , Jarmolowski Artur , Szweykowska‐Kulinska Zofia 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPotato is one of the four most important food crop plants worldwide and is strongly affected by drought. The following two pairs of potato cultivars, which are related in ancestry but show different drought tolerances, were chosen for comparative gene expression studies: Gwiazda/Oberon and Tajfun/Owacja. Comparative RNA‐seq analyses of gene expression differences in the transcriptomes obtained from drought‐tolerant versus drought‐sensitive plants during water shortage conditions were performed. The 23 top‐ranking genes were selected, 22 of which are described here as novel potato drought‐responsive genes. Moreover, all but one of the potato genes selected have homologues in the Arabidopsis genome. Of the seven tested A. thaliana mutants with altered expression of the selected homologous genes, compared to the wild‐type Arabidopsis plants, six showed an improved tolerance to drought. These genes encode carbohydrate transporter, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 15 (MAPKKK15), serine carboxypeptidase‐like 19 protein (SCPL19), armadillo/beta‐catenin‐like repeat‐containing protein, high‐affinity nitrate transporter 2.7 and nonspecific lipid transfer protein type 2 (nsLPT). The evolutionary conservation of the functions of the selected genes in the plant response to drought confirms the importance of these identified potato genes in the ability of plants to cope with water shortage conditions. Knowledge regarding these gene functions can be used to generate potato cultivars that are resistant to unfavourable conditions. The approach used in this work and the obtained results allowed for the identification of new players in the plant response to drought.
On Reinstating “Part I” and “Part II” to Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations
Authors: Knott Hugh A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Editors’ Preface to the fourth edition of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations is disparaging of the earlier editorial efforts of G. E. M. Anscombe and Rush Rhees and in particular of their inclusion and titling of the material in “Part II”. I argue, on both historical and philosophical grounds, that the Editors have failed to refute the editorial decisions of Rhees and Anscombe – a failure born both of a neglect of the historical circumstances and Wittgenstein's own expressed hopes and intentions for his writings, and of a myopic understanding of his philosophy. Wittgenstein's legacy has not been well served by their interventions, which should be undone in future editions.
Clinoform identification and correlation in fine‐grained sediments: A case study using the Triassic Montney Formation
Authors: Playter Tiffany , Corlett Hilary , Konhauser Kurt , Robbins Leslie , Rohais SÉbastien , Crombez Vincent , Maccormack Kelsey , Rokosh Dean , Prenoslo Donald , Furlong Carolyn M. , Pawlowicz John , Gingras Murray , Lalonde Stefan , Lyster SteveN , Zonneveld John‐Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStratigraphic correlation of fine‐grained successions is not always straightforward. Complicating factors, such as unconformities, structural complexity, subsidence and especially minimal grain‐size variation, make the application of traditional correlation methods to fine‐grained successions problematic. Alternatively, the analysis of detailed geochemical data can allow for the determination of variations in sediment provenance, mineralogy, detrital flux and hydrothermal input. When compared with modelled clay input over time, these geochemical indicators can be used to determine changes in relative sea‐level and palaeoclimate, allowing for the identification of clinoform surfaces. As an example, this study outlines detailed correlations of chemostratigraphic packages within the lower Triassic Montney Formation in Western Canada to demonstrate the effectiveness of chemostratigraphy in defining and correlating fine‐grained clinoforms across a sedimentary basin. The data set used includes five wells and one outcrop succession, from which geochemical profiles were generated and tied directly to mineralogical data and well logs. These analyses reveal 13 distinct chemostratigraphic packages that correlate across the basin. Observed elemental and inferred mineralogical changes highlight trends in relative sea‐level and palaeoclimate, as well as episodes of inferred hydrothermal input to the Montney basin. Cross‐plots of La/Sm and Yb/Sm further suggest hydrothermal input as well as the scavenging of middle rare earth elements by phosphatic fish debris. Additionally, plots of La/Sm versus Yb/Sm, which show volcanic arc input within the Doig Formation, suggest an additional sediment source from the west during the Anisian. Pairing detrital and clay proxies demonstrates changes in relative sea‐level and, at the Smithian/Spathian boundary, the lowest relative sea‐level in the Montney Formation is observed, corresponding to a change in climate.
Activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes in Hepatocytes Suppresses the Replication of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Guo Fang , Tang Liudi , Shu Sainan , Sehgal Mohit , Sheraz Muhammad , Liu Bowei , Zhao Qiong , Cheng Junjun , Zhao Xuesen , Zhou Tianlun , Chang Jinhong , Guo Ju-Tao 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Induction of interferon and proinflammatory cytokines is a hallmark of the infection of many different viruses. However, hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not elicit a detectable cytokine response in infected hepatocytes. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the innate immune evasion, a functional cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway was reconstituted in a human hepatoma cell line supporting tetracycline-inducible HBV replication. It was demonstrated that induction of HBV replication neither activated nor inhibited this cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. However, human hepatoma cells, as well as immortalized mouse hepatocytes, express low levels of STING, which upon activation by cGAMP, the natural ligand of STING, led to induction of a proinflammatory cytokine response. Treatment of immortalized mouse hepatocytes supporting HBV replication with either cGAMP or a small molecule pharmacologic STING agonist significantly reduced viral DNA in a STING- and Janus kinase 1-dependent manner. Moreover, cGAMP treatment was able to induce inflammatory cytokine gene expression and inhibit the transcription of covalently closed circular DNA in HBV-infected human hepatoma cells expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, an essential receptor for HBV infection of hepatocytes. The studies reported here and previously (F. Guo et al., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:1273–1281, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04321-14
) thus support the notion that pharmacological activation of STING in macrophages and hepatocytes induces host innate responses that can efficiently control HBV replication. Hence, despite not playing a significant role in host innate immune response to HBV infection of hepatocytes, STING is potentially a valuable target for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.
Flucloxacillin Results in Suboptimal Plasma Voriconazole Concentrations
Authors: Muilwijk Eline W. , Dekkers Bart G. J. , Henriet Stefanie S. V. , Verweij Paul E. , Witjes Bregje , Lashof Astrid M. L. Oude , Groeneveld Geert H. , van der Hoeven Johannes , Alffenaar Jan Willem C. , Russel Frans G. M. , van de Veerdonk Frank , Brüggemann Roger J. M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Combining voriconazole and flucloxacillin is indicated in patient cohorts experiencing both invasive aspergillosis and Gram-positive infections (e.g., patients with chronic granulomatous disease or postinfluenza pulmonary aspergillosis). We report a highly relevant interaction between voriconazole and flucloxacillin, resulting in subtherapeutic plasma voriconazole concentrations in more than 50% of patients, that poses a severe threat if not managed properly.
Comparison of outcomes between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with colorectal cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis of surgical invasiveness, medical costs and oncological outcomes
Authors: Inada Ryo , Nagasaka Takeshi , Watanabe Ayako , Yagi Tomohiko , Mori Yoshiko , Kondo Yoshitaka , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Umeda Yuzo , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: July 2017

Background and aimsWhether asymptomatic patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who are treated in hospitals show better outcomes than symptomatic patients with CRC still remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical benefits following treatment in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with CRC.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort analysis with data obtained from records. A cohort of 145 asymptomatic and 123 symptomatic patients who underwent CRC surgery between January 2009 and December 2011 was enrolled. To reduce bias in comparing outcomes, propensity score (PS) analysis was used for matching of patients in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on clinicopathological factors. Surgical invasiveness, medical costs and oncological outcomes were examined by unadjusted and PS-matched analysis.ResultsTumours in the symptomatic group were more often diagnosed in advanced stages compared with tumours in the asymptomatic group. Therefore, fewer symptomatic group patients underwent minimally invasive surgery. Short-term outcomes, including amount of blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay and perioperative medical costs, were significantly better in the asymptomatic group. Although overall survival was significantly better in the asymptomatic group, there was no significant difference between the groups when the patients were adjusted on the basis of PS.ConclusionsThough this study was limited by the retrospective nature and small sample size, favourable outcomes in asymptomatic patients were due to the higher proportion of patients in this group who were diagnosed with CRC in earlier stages, due to participation in CRC screening programmes.