bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activités et métiers de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme. Recherche et dispositifs réflexifs.
Authors: Biau Véronique , Evette Thérèse 
Published: October 2016

Le réseau de chercheurs RAMAU a été chargé par l'administration d'animer le débat sur l'évolution des compétences professionnelles. Cette position privilégiée permet d'observer les tendances du milieu à l'éclatement et à la recomposition, notamment l'apparition de dispositifs hybrides qui expérimentent de nouvelles formes de gouvernance ouvertes à la société civile.
Si le développement de la réflexivité est l'horizon de toutes ces démarches, sa mise en œuvre reste bien incertaine.
La place des clandestins dans la ville. Pratiques foncières et Comoriens à Mamoudzou (Mayotte)
Authors: Gérard Yann 
Published: October 2016

Yann Gérard
The place of illegal immigrants in the city. Land use practices and immigrants from the Comoros in Mamoudzou (Mayotte).
In this study, land use practices, whether they be private or in response to public spatial planning operations, are analysed to reveal the place of illegal immigrants in the city'. Their omnipresence within the town of Mamoudzou highlights the fact that their illegal status is linked to immigration regulations, even if this entails a certain social marginalisation, amply illustrated by the insecurity of their work and housing situation. When the authorities in charge of spatial planning policy carry out a "régularisation" operation in a neighbourhood, evicting illegal immigrants prior to redevelopment work, this in reality enables a minority of Mayotte natives to be granted land to build on, an increasing rarity in the agglomeration. Lastly, between the authorities and the natives of Mayotte, the illegal immigrants' role seems to be that of a balancing variable.
AN ERUPTIVE HOT-CHANNEL STRUCTURE OBSERVED AT METRIC WAVELENGTH AS A MOVING TYPE-IV SOLAR RADIO BURST
Authors: Vasanth V. , Chen Yao , Feng Shiwei , Ma Suli , Du Guohui , Song Hongqiang , Kong Xiangliang , Wang Bing 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Hot-channel (HC) structure, observed in the high-temperature passbands of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamic Observatory, is regarded as one candidate of coronal flux rope that is an essential element of solar eruptions. Here, we present the first radio imaging study of an HC structure in the metric wavelength. The associated radio emission manifests as a moving type-IV (t-IVm) burst. We show that the radio sources co-move outward with the HC, indicating that the t-IV emitting energetic electrons are efficiently trapped within the structure. The t-IV sources at different frequencies present no considerable spatial dispersion during the early stage of the event, while the sources spread gradually along the eruptive HC structure at later stage with significant spatial dispersion. The t-IV bursts are characterized by a relatively high brightness temperature (∼107–109 K), a moderate polarization, and a spectral shape that evolves considerably with time. This study demonstrates the possibility of imaging the eruptive HC structure at the metric wavelength and provides strong constraints on the t-IV emission mechanism, which, if understood, can be used to diagnose the essential parameters of the eruptive structure.
Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Peramivir in the Airway Epithelial Lining Fluid of Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Funatsu Yohei , Tasaka Sadatomo , Asami Takahiro , Namkoong Ho , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Iketani Osamu , Yagi Kazuma , Kimizuka Yoshifumi , Ishii Makoto , Nishimura Tomoyasu , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwata Satoshi , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Hasegawa Naoki 
Published: October 2016

Background Some subtypes of influenza virus, such as H5N1 and H7N9, cause severe viral pneumonia, for which the intraluminal concentration of the anti-influenza agent in the airway is critical. However, the pharmacokinetics of peramivir, the only available injectable neuraminidase inhibitor formulation, in the airway epithelial lining fluid (ELF) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the time course of peramivir in the pharyngeal ELF, bronchial ELF and plasma of healthy volunteers using bronchoscopic microsampling technique. Methods Six healthy volunteers were studied. After baseline plasma sampling, 0.3 g peramivir was intravenously injected over 0.5 h. ELF was obtained from the upper and lower airways using bronchoscopic microsampling at the end of the infusion (0.5 h) and after 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 h. The concentrations of peramivir in the ELFs and in the plasma were quantified by LC/MS/MS analysis. Results The mean maximum concentration (Cmax) in pharyngeal ELF, bronchial ELF and plasma was 1.20 ±0.42, 9.60 ±2.30 and 50.52 ±17.51 ng/ml, respectively. The penetration ratio at Cmax in pharyngeal and bronchial ELFs was 2.4 and 19.0, respectively. The ratio of the area under the curve from 0 to infinity in pharyngeal and bronchial ELFs was 4.8 and 39.1 mg•min/l, respectively. Conclusions The time course of peramivir concentration in the ELFs revealed that concentrations above the 50% inhibitory concentration value of influenza were achieved in the upper and lower airways. Therefore, peramivir could be an important treatment option for influenza viral pneumonia.
High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Imaging in the Assessment of Periarticular Bone of Metacarpophalangeal and Wrist Joints
Authors: Nagaraj Sujay , Finzel Stephanie , Stok Kathryn S. , Barnabe Cheryl ,   the SPECTRA Collaboration
Published: October 2016

Objective.To synthesize descriptions of periarticular findings at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints in different types of arthritis and in the normal state imaged by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT); to assemble the literature reporting on the ability of HR-pQCT to detect findings relative to other imaging modalities; and to collate results on the reproducibility of image interpretation.Methods.A systematic literature review was performed using terms for HR-pQCT and MCP or wrist joints using medical literature databases and conference abstracts. Any study describing predefined pathology findings, comparison to another radiographic technique, or a measure of reproducibility was included with no limitation by disease state.Results.We identified 44 studies meeting inclusion criteria from the 1901 articles identified by our search. All 44 reported on pathology findings, including erosions (n = 31), bone microarchitecture (n = 10) and bone mineral density (n = 10) variables, joint space evaluation (n = 7), or osteophyte characterization (n = 7). Seventeen of the studies compared HR-pQCT findings to either plain radiography (n = 9), ultrasound (n = 4), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 5), or microcomputed tomography (n = 2), with HR-pQCT having high sensitivity for erosion detection. Twenty-four studies included an assessment of reproducibility with good to excellent metrics, and highlighting the critical importance of positioning when assessing joint space variables.Conclusion.Despite high sensitivity for erosion detection and good reproducibility, more research is required to determine where HR-pQCT can be applied to enhance our understanding of periarticular bone changes in a variety of arthritis conditions.
Determining Metacarpophalangeal Flexion Angle Tolerance for Reliable Volumetric Joint Space Measurements by High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Tom Stephanie , Frayne Mark , Manske Sarah L. , Burghardt Andrew J. , Stok Kathryn S. , Boyd Steven K. , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: October 2016

Objective.The position-dependence of a method to measure the joint space of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was studied.Methods.Cadaveric MCP were imaged at 7 flexion angles between 0 and 30 degrees. The variability in reproducibility for mean, minimum, and maximum joint space widths and volume measurements was calculated for increasing degrees of flexion.Results.Root mean square coefficient of variance values were < 5% under 20 degrees of flexion for mean, maximum, and volumetric joint spaces. Values for minimum joint space width were optimized under 10 degrees of flexion.Conclusion.MCP joint space measurements should be acquired at < 10 degrees of flexion in longitudinal studies.
Et si l’on faisait (enfin) appel à un gestionnaire !?
Authors: Naszályi Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Nos lecteurs non hexagonaux pourront s’étonner de ce titre en forme d’interpellation ou d’interrogation, mais il témoigne d’un vide qui devient abyssal, devant l’absence de solution en matière de croissance et de développement de la France comme de ses partenaires européens. J’enrage presque quotidiennement, pour tous ces « gestionnaires » que je lis, que notre revue publie de ne pas les voir traités comme des experts des organisations et des entreprises qu’ils sont, dans les médias et auprès du grand public ! Ce numéro apporte donc son pesant de connaissances qui pourraient être utiles à ceux qui décident. Les deux dossiers que j’ai intitulés : « satisfaire le client » et « mesures de la performance » , apportent des conclusions certaines, fondées sur les réalités vécues dans les organisations. Un cahier de recherche, rattaché à un numéro de 2015 (275-276) que faute de place nous n’avions pas pu publier alors, illustre notre propos et complète les deux dossiers. « Le changement de Business model : quelles conséquences organisationnelles ? » est une problématique dont les apports que constituent les différentes contributions permettent, d’apporter une réponse. Réponse modeste toujours que celle du véritable chercheur. Libéré des modèles, il ou elle sait que sa réponse est imparfaite et temporelle, c’est-à-dire temporaire ! Le chercheur interroge les faits, il n’assène pas de vérités dogmatiques et de fausses certitudes ! Oui, il y a bien raison d’interroger les gestionnaires, car ils apportent la fraîcheur sans cesse renouvelée de la véritable connaissance, celle des réalités !
L’effet de la performance logistique en magasin de détail sur la satisfaction et le bonheur des consommateurs
Authors: Ltifi Moez , Hikkerova Lubica , Gharbi Jamel-Eddine 
Published: October 2016

Dans le commerce de détail, les gestionnaires ont tendance à limiter leurs stratégies commercialesau prix, au produit et à la promotion. Par conséquent, les performances logistiques en magasin sont rarement appréhendéesen termes de création de valeur pour les consommateurs. Or, ces performances déterminent en grande partie comment le client peut atteindre ses objectifs de façon efficace, pratique, satisfaisante et « agréable ». L’objectif de cette recherche est donc précisément d’étudier le rôle de la logistique en magasin de détail pour analyser l’impact de sa performance sur la satisfaction, et le bonheur du consommateur, ce dernier étant appréhendé comme un antécédent cognitif de la satisfaction et des attitudes du client. Notre modèle structurel, testé sur un échantillon de 270 consommateurs tunisiens, révèle que les performances logistiques en magasin de détail influencent positivement et significativement la satisfaction des consommateurs, et que le bonheur est un médiateur partiel entre la perception des performances logistiques en magasin et la satisfaction du consommateur.
Topografías variables del poder: las relaciones entre movimientos sociales y el Estado argentino en dos tiempos
Authors: Manzano Virginia 
Published: October 2016

Durant les années 1990, l’Amérique Latine a été un terrain privilégié non seulement pour le néolibéralisme mais également pour la contestation sociale qui a remis en questions l’austérité et les ajustements structurels. L’ampleur de la mobilisation a été telle, qu’elle est parvenue, dans certains cas, à reconfigurer la structure et le mode de fonctionnement de certains gouvernements. En Equateur et en Bolivie par exemple, les mouvements sociaux ont contribué à refonder les bases de l’Etat moderne libéral, en appuyant des réformes fondées sur les notions de pluri-nationalité et de vivre bien / bien vivre (« vivir bien » / « buen vivir »). Cette évolution qui s’est produite à échelle continentale est au cœur de cet article. Celui-ci étudie le caractère relationnel de l’Etat ainsi que les mouvements sociaux en Argentine, tout en analysant, sur le plan historique, comment se succèdent différentes formes de gouvernement néolibéral alors que se met en place un contexte favorable à l’application de politiques populaires de redistribution des revenus. Cette étude propose, en particulier, une analyse ethnographique sur la façon dont se sont formés le mouvement des sans-emplois (« piquetero ») dans le district de La Matanza – province de Buenos-Aires – et l’organisation Túpac Amaru dans la province de Jujuy, afin de mettre en évidence les topographies variables du pouvoir.
De la robustesse du gouvernement représentatif face à la contestation. Réflexions à partir du cas argentin
Authors: Mariani Américo 
Published: October 2016

Le gouvernement représentatif est toujours présenté comme souffrant de multiples carences, fragile et, pour ainsi dire, au bord du gouffre. Il s’agira, dans cet article, à partir de l’analyse des conséquences des mouvements sociaux du 2001 en Argentine, de penser la robustesse du gouvernement représentatif. En ingénierie, un système est jugé robuste lorsqu’il reste performant malgré de fortes perturbations. Les institutions représentatives sont comprises ici comme visant avant tout la gouvernementalité et comme distinctes de la démocratie, approche qui permet de renouveler le regard sur la question de la « crise de la représentation ».
Guerres et jeux vidéo : représentations et enjeux de mémoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Facchini Thomas 
Published: October 2016

L’Histoire, et particulièrement la Seconde Guerre mondiale, est propice à de nombreuses mises en scène vidéoludiques. Cet article se décompose en deux grands axes. Le premier porte sur l’évolution des représentations vidéoludiques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale au cours des années 2000 et les diverses esthétiques (temporelles, visuelles et sonores) du combat qui transparaissent dans ces jeux. Le second axe questionne la polémique suscitée en Russie par le jeu vidéo Company of Heroes 2, sorti en 2013 dont l’action se déroule sur le front Est. Il est accusé de donner une mauvaise image de l’Armée Rouge et de se concentrer sur les crimes soviétiques. Cette polémique est analysée à la lumière du contexte politique et mémoriel de la Russie où la Seconde Guerre mondiale, appelée « Grande guerre patriotique », est instrumentalisée au profit d’une construction identitaire nationale.
Repolitizando el « desarrollo ». Las ONGD y la acción colectiva en España
Authors: Roca Beltrán 
Published: October 2016

Plusieurs voix à l'intérieur des Organisations non gouvernementales de développement (ONGD) défendent l’idée d’une « repolitisation du développement », autrement dit, d’un retour à l'esprit des mouvements sociaux qui sont à l'origine de ces ONGD, afin de mettre en œuvre des actions collectives. Cet article étudie les relations complexes et contradictoires entre les ONGD et les pouvoirs politique et patronal en s'appuyant sur une analyse générale du secteur des ONGD espagnoles ainsi que sur deux études de cas des campagnes des ONGD : le conflit du Conseil de Coopération en 2001 et la « Bataille de Glivec » qui dure depuis 2006. L’analyse montre que l'interaction entre ONGD et administrations se caractérise par la prééminence de la négociation sur le conflit, un faible recours à l'action collective, une grande composante médiatique dans l'activité de contestation et une grande dépendance économique. En outre, parmi les ONGD espagnoles prédomine la subsidiarité face à l'action collective. Le discours sur la « repolitisation » ne coïncide pas avec les pratiques réelles de la plupart de ces ONGD.
La valeur des pauvres. Le pari sur l’argent comme médiateur du conflit social contemporain
Authors: Feltran Gabriel de Santis 
Published: October 2016

No Brasil, as periferias são o centro de duas figurações recentes e dicotômicas: a da violência urbana que pede mais repressão e a do desenvolvimento social, que transformaria pobres em “Classe C”. Este ensaio argumenta que a representação da “violência urbana” retirou o centro da “questão social” contemporânea dos “trabalhadores”, deslocando-o aos “marginais”. A derrocada do universalismo inscrito nesse deslocamento enseja um governo seletivo que recorta a população em distintos graus de “vulnerabilidade” e níveis de “complexidade” da intervenção estatal; como efeito colateral, emergem distintos regimes normativos nas periferias – por exemplo: estatal, do “crime” e religioso – que embora estejam sempre em tensão, encontram coesão no fato de regularem mercados monetarizados. O dinheiro passa a mediar a relação entre os grupos recortados e suas formas de vida que, sob outras perspectivas – a lei ou a moral – estariam em alteridade radical; o consumo emerge como forma de vida comum e a expansão mercantil, aposta de todos, conecta mercados legais e ilegais, inclusive fomentando a violência urbana que pretensamente controlaria. Os argumentos têm por base pesquisa de campo e debates com diferentes grupos de pesquisa, entre São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro.
Report on the life history traits of the generalist predatorForficula auricularia(Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in organic apple orchards in southeastern France
Authors: Dib Hazem , Sauphanor Benoît , Capowiez Yvan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide detailed data on the reproduction of the European earwigForficula auriculariaLinnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) under natural conditions. We also describe its spring field population structure and dynamics in organic apple orchards in southeastern France using artificial and natural shelters. Two nymph cohorts could be distinguished in a laboratory reproduction study. The first brood, following the first egg-laying event in late November, had significantly higher pre-imaginal survival (1.74-fold) than the second brood in early April. The egg phase was the most vulnerable with a higher mortality rate in the first brood than the second. Independent of brood number, nymphal survival increased from second nymphal instars (N2) onwards with values higher than 96%. In orchards, N3 were generally observed in natural and artificial shelters from the end of April to mid-June. N4 was the most abundant life stage sampled and the only stage present at the majority of sampling dates, especially from early May onwards. Beginning in June, the abundance of new adults of a given year gradually increased especially in the artificial shelters. This descriptive study can now be used to develop phenological models aimed at limiting earwig mortality due to horticultural management practices and increasing their predation level in conservative or augmentative approaches.
Anandamide Suppresses Proinflammatory T Cell Responses In Vitro through Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor–Mediated mTOR Inhibition in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Chiurchiù Valerio , Rapino Cinzia , Talamonti Emanuela , Leuti Alessandro , Lanuti Mirko , Gueniche Audrey , Jourdain Roland , Breton Lionel , Maccarrone Mauro 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The endocannabinoid system comprises cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and metabolic enzymes of these ligands. The endocannabinoid system has recently been implicated in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes of the skin that include immune competence and/or tolerance of keratinocytes, the disruption of which might promote the development of skin diseases. Recent evidence showed that CB1 in keratinocytes limits the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines, suggesting that this receptor might also regulate T cell dependent inflammatory diseases of the skin. In this article, we sought to investigate the cytokine profile of IFN-γ-activated keratinocytes, and found that CB1 activation by AEA suppressed production and release of signature TH1- and TH17-polarizing cytokines, IL-12 and IL-23, respectively. We also set up cocultures between a conditioned medium of treated keratinocytes and naive T cells to disclose the molecular details that regulate the activation of highly proinflammatory TH1 and TH17 cells. AEA-treated keratinocytes showed reduced an induction of IFN-γ-producing TH1 and IL-17-producing TH17 cells, and these effects were reverted by pharmacological inhibition of CB1. Further analyses identified mammalian target of rapamycin as a proinflammatory signaling pathway regulated by CB1, able to promote either IL-12 and IL-23 release from keratinocytes or TH1 and TH17 polarization. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that AEA suppresses highly pathogenic T cell subsets through CB1-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition in human keratinocytes. Thus, it can be speculated that the latter pathway might be beneficial to the physiological function of the skin, and can be targeted toward inflammation-related skin diseases.
Inositol-Triphosphate 3-Kinase C Mediates Inflammasome Activation and Treatment Response in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Alphonse Martin Prince , Duong Trang T. , Shumitzu Chisato , Hoang Truong Long , McCrindle Brian W. , Franco Alessandra , Schurmans Stéphane , Philpott Dana J. , Hibberd Martin L. , Burns Jane , Kuijpers Taco W. , Yeung Rae S. M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis that predominantly targets the coronary arteries in children. Phenotypic similarities between KD and recurrent fever syndromes point to the potential role of inflammasome activation in KD. Mutations in NLRP3 are associated with recurrent fever/autoinflammatory syndromes. We show that the KD-associated genetic polymorphism in inositol-triphosphate 3-kinase C (ITPKC) (rs28493229) has important functional consequences, governing ITPKC protein levels and thereby intracellular calcium, which in turn regulates NLRP3 expression and production of IL-1β and IL-18. Analysis of transcript abundance, protein levels, and cellular response profiles from matched, serial biospecimens from a cohort of genotyped KD subjects points to the critical role of ITPKC in mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Treatment failure in those with the high-risk ITPKC genotype was associated with the highest basal and stimulated intracellular calcium levels and with increased cellular production of IL-1β and IL-18 and higher circulating levels of both cytokines. Mechanistic studies using Itpkc-deficient mice in a disease model support the genomic, cellular, and clinical findings in affected children. Our findings provide the mechanism behind the observed efficacy of rescue therapy with IL-1 blockade in recalcitrant KD, and we identify that regulation of calcium mobilization is fundamental to the underlying immunobiology in KD.