bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micromagnetic simulation study of magnetization reversal in torus-shaped permalloy nanorings
Authors: Mishra Amaresh Chandra , Giri R. 
Published: May 2017

Using micromagnetic simulation, the magnetization reversal of soft permalloy rings of torus shape with major radius R varying within 20–100 nm has been investigated. The minor radius r of the torus rings was increased from 5 nm up to a maximum value r[Formula: see text] such that R- r[Formula: see text] = 10 nm. Micromagnetic simulation of in-plane hysteresis curve of these nanorings revealed that in the case of very thin rings (r [Formula: see text] 10 nm), the remanent state is found to be an onion state, whereas for all other rings, the remanent state is a vortex state. The area of the hysteresis loop was found to be decreasing gradually with the increment of r. The normalized area under the hysteresis loops (A[Formula: see text]) increases initially with increment of r. It attains a maximum for a certain value of r = r0 and again decreases thereafter. This value r0 increases as we decrease R and as a result, this peak feature is hardly visible in the case of smaller rings (rings having small R).
A High Bandwidth (DC-40 GHz) Pseudo Differential Distributed Amplifier in 0.18-μm RF CMOS
Authors: Babaeinik Majid , Dousti Massoud , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher 
Published: May 2017

This study presents a CMOS distributed amplifier (DA) with pseudo differential amplifying that achieves DC-40[Formula: see text]GHz bandwidth (BW) in 0.18-[Formula: see text]m RF CMOS process. The DA with three-stage amplifying cells was proposed to improve the DA performance. The inter-stage was composed of pseudo differential amplifying for bandwidth extension. By incorporating the pseudo differential amplifier configuration and capacitor-less circuit in the stages, the DA provides average gain and high bandwidth. The simulation results showed that the DA has a S[Formula: see text] of 6.4[Formula: see text]dB, 3-dB BW from DC up to 40[Formula: see text]GHz. It also has a minimum noise figure (NF) of 4.27[Formula: see text]dB, one dB compression point (P[Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]3.5[Formula: see text]dBm, a high reverse isolation S[Formula: see text] of less than [Formula: see text]15[Formula: see text]dB, an input return loss S[Formula: see text] and output return loss S[Formula: see text] of less than [Formula: see text]16 and [Formula: see text]12[Formula: see text]dB, respectively. It consumes 115[Formula: see text]mW and occupies a total active area of 0.27[Formula: see text]mm2.
Rational Combination Immunotherapy: Understand the Biology
Authors: Kaufman Howard L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Selecting rational treatment combinations remains a major challenge for improving immunotherapy outcomes. In this issue of Cancer Immunology Research, Zhang and colleagues reduced tumors by inhibiting CD47 in a lung carcinoma model, a treatment that inadvertently induced autophagy through inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway. By also targeting autophagy, the therapeutic response improved, highlighting the importance of understanding the biology beneath antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 355–6. ©2017 AACR.
See article by Zhang et al., p. 363.
环境因素对建立关系和宗教身份的影响∶中国研究生在美国两个社会文化环境中的个案分析
Authors: Zhang Cynthia Baiqing 
Published: May 2017

Linking concepts from networks, identities, and ecology, I draw on material collected during sixty interviews to show how a group of culturally homogeneous Chinese graduate students, when placed in two sociocultural environments in the United States, displayed different processes of religious identity network formation. In a large and heterogeneous community with more possible identities, students showed human agency by forming religious identities less constrained by networks. Human agency is also exemplified in the expansion of their religious circle of friends once they developed a religious identity. Religious identity often preceded networks. However, in a small and homogeneous community, students did emotion work to stay in pro-religious groups, presumably due to the limitations they had in choosing friends, particularly Chinese friends. The formation of networks more likely preceded the emergence of religious identities premised on the coexistence of multiple relationships in dyads and solidarity within primary groups. The narratives demonstrate how ecology matters for the formation of network ties and religious identity.
根据对60个对硕士博士研究生的采访，通过运用网络分析、身份研究、和环境研究领域的概念，本文详述同属一个文化的中国留学生当处于美国两个不同城市文化环境中时，通过生活圈子发展特定身份的不同过程。在一个大型、充满差异的城市里，留学生的身份选择具有多样性。其主体性表现在自主选择宗教认同并扩大有宗教信仰的朋友圈子。他们的宗教认同常常先于他们的宗教朋友圈。而在一个小型、倡导同化的城市里，由于可选择的中国朋友人数少，留学生常常通过控制自我感情来维系与亲宗教的朋友的关系。他们的宗教网络常常先于他们的宗教认同。在这种环境中，当两人有多重社会关系，并处于一个高度团结的小群体中时，宗教认同才得以传播。本研究显示社区规模和文化是重要的影响身份和社会网络的环境因素。 (This article is in English.)
新教伦理与企业家精神∶意大利米兰的温州商人
Authors: Palombaro Ottavio 
Published: May 2017

Despite challenges from the government because of its large Protestant population, Wenzhou has come to be known as “the Jerusalem of China.” Many of the city’s entrepreneurial “boss Christians” (laoban jidutu老板基督徒) have exported their successful businesses overseas. The empirical findings presented in this paper are part of an in-depth, comparative, qualitative study of Chinese entrepreneurs working in Milan, Italy. Treating the house churches as a sect and examining the nature of the “calling” (yi xiang异象) described by boss Christians provides an opportunity to reconsider Max Weber’s discussion of the so-called Protestant ethic and the concept ofBeruf(calling). The interviews were conducted among Protestant and non-Christian business owners active in Milan’s Chinatown and other areas in Italy, and also during fieldwork in their homeland in China. The study points out the connection between their business ethic and Protestantism.温州因其庞大的基督徒群体而享誉为“中国的耶路撒冷。”当地许多“老板基督徒”成功地将商业活动开展至海外。本文是一项针对意大利米兰的温州企业家展开的深入比较质性研究。文中有关“异象”和家庭教会的分析，涉及到马克斯·韦伯的理论观点。研究方法结合了访谈和观察。作者访问了意大利米兰和其他地区中国城的基督徒和非基督徒企业家，并前往他们家乡做田野观察。本研究认为，他们的商业伦理与新教存在着联系。 (This article is in English.)
A Methodology for Estimating the Parameters in Three-Dimensional Cohesive Sediment Transport Models by Assimilating In Situ Observations with the Adjoint Method
Authors: Wang Daosheng , Zhang Jicai , Wang Ya Ping , Lv Xianqing , Yang Yang , Fan Daidu , Gao Shu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe model parameters in the suspended cohesive sediment transport model are quite important for the accurate simulation of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). Based on a three-dimensional cohesive sediment transport model and its adjoint model, the in situ observed SSCs at four stations are assimilated to simulate the SSCs and to estimate the parameters in Hangzhou Bay in China. Numerical experimental results show that the adjoint method can efficiently improve the simulation results, which can benefit the prediction of SSCs. The time series of the modeled SSCs present a clear semidiurnal variation, in which the maximal SSCs occur during the flood tide and near the high water level due to the large current speeds. Sensitivity experiments prove that the estimated results of the settling velocity and resuspension rate, especially the temporal variations, are robust to the model settings. The temporal variations of the estimated settling velocity are negatively correlated with the tidal elevation. The main reason is that the mean size of the suspended sediments can be reduced during the flood tide, which consequently decreases the settling velocity according to Stokes’s law, and it is opposite in the ebb tide. The temporal variations of the estimated resuspension rate and the current speeds have a significantly positive correlation, which accords with the dynamics of the resuspension rate. The temporal variations of the settling velocity and resuspension rate are reasonable from the viewpoint of physics, indicating the adjoint method can be an effective tool for estimating the parameters in the sediment transport models.
Object-Based Metrics for Forecast Verification of Convective Development with Geostationary Satellite Data
Authors: Rempel Martin , Senf Fabian , Deneke Hartwig 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObject-based metrics are adapted and applied to geostationary satellite observations with the evaluation of cloud forecasts in convective situations as the goal. Forecasts of the convection-permitting German-focused Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO-DE) numerical model are transformed into synthetic observations using the RTTOV radiative transfer model, and contrasted with the corresponding real observations. Threshold-based segmentation techniques are applied to the fields for object identification. The statistical properties of the traditional measures cold cloud cover and average brightness temperature amplitude are contrasted to object-based metrics of spatial aggregation and object structure. Based on 59 case days from the summer half-years between 2012 and 2014, a variance decomposition technique is applied to the time series of the metrics to identify deficits in day-to-day, diurnal, and weather-regime-related variability of cold cloud characteristics in the forecasts. Furthermore, sensitivities of the considered metrics are discussed, which result from uncertainties in the satellite forward operator and from the choice of parameters in the object identification techniques.
The Effects of Double Gloving on Microsurgical Skills
Authors: Hardison Scott A. , Pyon Grace , Le Audrey , Wan Wen , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether double gloving would negatively affect participants’ ability to perform a simulated microsurgical task.Study DesignRandomized single‐blinded controlled crossover trial.SettingTemporal bone laboratory of an academic otolaryngology department.Subjects and MethodsThis study involved the simulated insertion of a stapes prosthesis into a model of the ossicular chain under microscopy. Forty‐one participants were recruited from our medical and dental school and randomized into 2 groups. All groups began by performing the task without gloves, acting as their own control arm. The first group (A) then performed the task with a single pair of gloves while the second group (B) next performed the task with 2 pairs of gloves. The groups then switched gloving methods. The total time taken to perform the task was recorded for each participant and the results subjected to a series of statistical measures.ResultsThis study found a statistically significant difference in the average time taken to complete the task between the “no‐glove” arm of the study and both experimental groups but no difference between the 2 experimental groups. Likewise, no significant difference was found between the 2 experimental groups when comparing the rate at which they improved at performing the task.ConclusionThese data suggest that wearing 2 pairs of surgical gloves does not negatively affect the speed at which a microsurgical procedure may be performed, lending support to the practice of double gloving, even in the setting of microsurgical fine motor tasks.
A Dose–Volume Response Model for Brain Metastases Treated With Frameless Single-Fraction Robotic Radiosurgery: Seeking to Better Predict Response to Treatment
Authors: Amsbaugh Mark J. , Yusuf Mehran B. , Gaskins Jeremy , Dragun Anthony E. , Dunlap Neal , Guan Timothy , Woo Shiao 
Published: May 2017

Purpose/Objective(s): To establish a dose–volume response relationship for brain metastases treated with single-fraction robotic stereotactic radiosurgery and identify predictors of local control. Materials/Methods: We reviewed a prospective institutional database of all patients treated for intact brain metastases with stereotactic radiosurgery alone using the CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system from 2012 to 2015. Tumor response was determined based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors version 1.1. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of outcome and establish a dose–volume response relationship. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive capability of the relationship. Results: There were 357 metastases evaluated in 111 patients with a median diameter of 8.14 mm (2.00-40.77 mm). At 6 and 12 months, local control was 86.9% and 82.2%, respectively. For lesions of similar volumes, higher maximum dose, mean dose, and minimum dose (all P values <.05) predicted for better local control. Tumor volume and diameter were strongly correlated, and a dose–volume response relationship was constructed using mean dose per lesion diameter (Gy/mm) that was predictive of local control (odds ratio: 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.70). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for local control and mean dose by volume was 0.6199 with a threshold of 2.05 Gy/mm (local failure 7.6% above and 17.3% below 2.05 Gy/mm). Conclusion: A dose–volume response relationship exists for brain metastases treated with robotic stereotactic radiosurgery. Mean dose per volume is strongly predictive of local control and can be potentially useful during stereotactic radiosurgery plan evaluation while respecting previously established dose constraints.
Carotid revascularization and medical management for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: Protocol of the CREST-2 clinical trials
Authors: Howard Virginia J , Meschia James F , Lal Brajesh K , Turan Tanya N , Roubin Gary S , Brown Robert D , Voeks Jenifer H , Barrett Kevin M , Demaerschalk Bart M , Huston John , Lazar Ronald M , Moore Wesley S , Wadley Virginia G , Chaturvedi Seemant , Moy Claudia S , Chimowitz Marc , Howard George , Brott Thomas G 
Published: May 2017

Rationale Trials conducted decades ago demonstrated that carotid endarterectomy by skilled surgeons reduced stroke risk in asymptomatic patients. Developments in carotid stenting and improvements in medical prevention of stroke caused by atherothrombotic disease challenge understanding of the benefits of revascularization. Aim Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial (CREST-2) will test whether carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting plus contemporary intensive medical therapy is superior to intensive medical therapy alone in the primary prevention of stroke in patients with high-grade asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods and design CREST-2 is two multicenter randomized trials of revascularization plus intensive medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy alone. One trial randomizes patients to carotid endarterectomy plus intensive medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy alone; the other, to carotid stenting plus intensive medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy alone. The risk factor targets of centrally directed intensive medical therapy are LDL cholesterol <70 mg/dl and systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg. Study outcomes The primary outcome is the composite of stroke and death within 44 days following randomization and stroke ipsilateral to the target vessel thereafter, up to four years. Change in cognition and differences in major and minor stroke are secondary outcomes. Sample size Enrollment of 1240 patients in each trial provides 85% power to detect a treatment difference if the event rate in the intensive medical therapy alone arm is 4.8% higher or 2.8% lower than an anticipated 3.6% rate in the revascularization arm. Discussion Management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis requires contemporary randomized trials to address whether carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting plus intensive medical therapy is superior in preventing stroke beyond intensive medical therapy alone. Whether carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting has favorable effects on cognition will also be tested. Trial registration United States National Institutes of Health Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02089217
Pembrolizumab, pomalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Badros Ashraf , Hyjek Elizabeth , Ma Ning , Lesokhin Alexander , Dogan Ahmet , Rapoport Aaron P. , Kocoglu Mehmet , Lederer Emily , Philip Sunita , Milliron Todd , Dell Cameron , Goloubeva Olga , Singh Zeba 
Published: May 2017

Key PointsThis is the first trial to investigate PD-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, and an IMiD (pomalidomide) in MM with promising clinical efficacy. PD-L1 expression on myeloma cells and PD-1 on marrow infiltrating T lymphocytes are potential biomarkers for efficacy of PD-1 blockade.
Lateral wedges with and without custom arch support for people with medial knee osteoarthritis and pronated feet: an exploratory randomized crossover study
Authors: Hunt Michael A. , Takacs Judit , Krowchuk Natasha M. , Hatfield Gillian L. , Hinman Rana S. , Chang Ryan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPronated foot posture is associated with many clinical and biomechanical outcomes unique to medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). Though shoe‐worn insole treatment, including lateral wedges, is commonly studied in this patient population, their effects on the specific subgroup of people with medial knee OA and concomitant pronated feet are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lateral wedge insoles with custom arch support are more beneficial than lateral wedge insoles alone for knee and foot symptoms in people with medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis (OA) and pronated feet.MethodsTwenty‐six people with pronated feet and symptomatic medial knee OA participated in a randomized crossover study comparing five degree lateral wedge foot insoles with and without custom foot arch support. Each intervention was worn for two months, separated by a two‐month washout period of no insoles wear. Main outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and physical function subscales, the revised short‐form Foot Function Index (FFI‐R) pain and stiffness subscales, and the timed stair climb test. Regression modeling was conducted to examine treatment, period, and interaction effects.ResultsTwenty‐two participants completed the study, and no carryover or interaction effects were observed for any outcome. Significant treatment effects were observed for the timed stair climb, with greater improvements seen with the lateral wedges with arch support. Within‐condition significant improvements were observed for WOMAC pain and physical function, as well as FFI‐R pain and stiffness with lateral wedges with arch support use. More adverse effects were reported with the lateral wedges alone, while more people preferred the lateral wedges with arch support overall.ConclusionsAddition of custom arch support to a standard lateral wedge insole may improve foot and knee symptoms in people with knee OA and concomitant pronated feet. These preliminary findings suggest further research evaluating the role of shoe‐worn insoles for treatment of this specific sub‐group of people with knee OA is warranted.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02234895.
Dose-Reduced Versus Standard Conditioning Followed by Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Phase III Study of the EBMT (RICMAC Trial)
Authors: Kröger Nicolaus , Iacobelli Simona , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Platzbecker Uwe , Uddin Ruzena , Hübel Kai , Scheid Christof , Weber Thomas , Robin Marie , Stelljes Matthias , Afanasyev Boris , Heim Dominik , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Onida Francesco , Dreger Peter , Pini Massimo , Guidi Stefano , Volin Liisa , Günther Andreas , Bethge Wolfgang , Poiré Xavier , Kobbe Guido , van Os Marleen , Brand Ronald , de Witte Theo 
Published: May 2017

Purpose To compare a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) with a myeloablative conditioning regimen (MAC) before allogeneic transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) within a randomized trial. Patients and Methods Within the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, we conducted a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase III trial that compared a busulfan-based RIC with MAC in patients with MDS or secondary acute myeloid leukemia. A total of 129 patients were enrolled from 18 centers. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio and were stratified according to donor, age, and blast count. Results Engraftment was comparable between both groups. The CI of acute graft-versus-host disease II to IV was 32.3% after RIC and 37.5% after MAC ( P = .35). The CI of chronic graft-versus-host disease was 61.6% after RIC and 64.7% after MAC ( P = .76). The CI of nonrelapse mortality after 1 year was 17% (95% CI, 8% to 26%) after RIC and 25% (95% CI, 15% to 36%) after MAC ( P = .29). The CI of relapse at 2 years was 17% (95% CI, 8% to 26%) after RIC and 15% (95% CI, 6% to 24%) after MAC ( P = .6), which resulted in a 2-year relapse-free survival and overall survival of 62% (95% CI, 50% to 74%) and 76% (95% CI, 66% to 87%), respectively, after RIC, and 58% (95% CI, 46% to 71%) and 63% (95% CI, 51% to 75%), respectively, after MAC ( P = .58 and P = .08, respectively). Conclusion This prospective, randomized trial of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation provides evidence that RIC resulted in at least a 2-year relapse-free survival and overall survival similar to MAC in patients with MDS or secondary acute myeloid leukemia.
Postoperative survival following perioperative MAGIC versus neoadjuvant OE02-type chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reece-Smith AM , Saunders JH , Soomro IN , Bowman CR , Duffy JP , Kaye PV , Welch NT , Madhusudan S , Parsons SL 
Published: May 2017

The optimal management of resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma is controversial, with many centres using neoadjuvant chemotherapy following the Medical Research Council (MRC) oesophageal working group (OE02) trial and the MRC Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trial. The more intensive MAGIC regimen is used primarily in gastric cancer but some also use it for oesophageal cancer. A database of cancer resections (2001–2013) provided information on survival of patients following either OE02 or MAGIC-type treatment. The data were compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Straight-to-surgery patients were also reviewed and divided into an ‘early’ cohort (2001–2006, OE02 era) and a ‘late’ cohort (2006–2013, MAGIC era) to estimate changes in survival over time. Subgroup analysis was performed for responders (tumour regression grade [TRG] 1–3) versus non-responders (TRG 4 and 5) and for anatomical site (gastro-oesophageal junction [GOJ] vs oesophagus). An OE02 regimen was used for 97 patients and 275 received a MAGIC regimen. Those in the MAGIC group were of a similar age to those undergoing OE02 chemotherapy but the proportion of oesophageal cancers was higher among MAGIC patients than among those receiving OE02 treatment. MAGIC patients had a significantly lower stage following chemotherapy than OE02 patients and a higher median overall survival although TRG was similar. On subgroup analysis, this survival benefit was maintained for GOJ and oesophageal cancer patients as well as non-responders. Analysis of responders showed no difference between regimens. ‘Late’ group straight-to-surgery patients were significantly older than those in the ‘early’ group. Survival, however, was not significantly different for these two cohorts. Although the original MAGIC trial comprised few oesophageal cancer cases, our patients had better survival with MAGIC than with OE02 chemotherapy in all anatomical subgroups, even though there was no significant change in operative survival over the time period in which these patients were treated. The use of the MAGIC regimen should therefore be encouraged in cases of operable oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma.