bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of a patchy intertidal mudflat‐marsh transition zone to a typhoon
Authors: Xue Liming , Shi Benwei , Schoutens Ken , Li Tianyou , Sun Jianxiong , Ma Yuxi , Hu Yang , Liu Zhenqiao , Wang Dawei , Xing Fei , Li Xiuzhen , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile tidal marshes are valued for their ability to reduce the impact of storm waves on shores, there is still more limited understanding of how storm waves impact the integrity of tidal marshes, particularly in mudflat‐marsh transition zones with patchy vegetation cover. This study aims to investigate changes in hydrodynamics, sediment bed elevation, and patchy vegetation cover along the sea‐to‐land elevation gradient in response to super typhoon IN‐FA, making landfall in 2021 in a mudflat‐marsh transition zone of the Yangtze Estuary (China). Utilizing in‐situ measurements and drone surveys, our results show: (1) A landward decrease in storm‐induced wave energy, flow velocities, turbulence, and erosion across a 200‐m mudflat‐marsh transition zone; (2) Elevation‐dependent spatial reconfiguration of marsh vegetation patches in response to the storm; (3) Different marsh response below and above an elevation threshold where a shift between marsh gain and marsh loss occurred. The observed landward decrease in storm‐induced marsh loss is attributed to a trade‐off between reduced disturbances due to landward increasing friction from the sediment bed and vegetation, and the landward increasing capacity of the vegetation to cope with disturbances. Our findings provide new insights relevant to the response of marsh systems to storms, and highlight the importance of the gradual and adequately wide sea‐to‐land gradient in delivering marsh resistance to extreme events.
Does pigmentation provide protection to bdelloid rotifers in a high ultraviolet B environment?
Authors: Baeza Maribel J. , Walsh Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAquatic species found in habitats with limited shade and little dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have increased vulnerability to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damage. Pigmentation is a common mechanism used by animals for protection from UVR. A pigmented bdelloid rotifer, Philodina, occurs in high densities in shallow rock pools in El Paso Co., TX, and is subject to repeated desiccation and high UVR. To understand the roles of DOC, pigmentation, and dormancy in reducing the effects of UVR exposure in these rotifers: (1) DOC levels in rock pools were measured before and after the summer monsoon season and (2) hydrated or dormant bdelloids (desiccated for 0, 1, 7, or 32 d) that differed in degree of pigmentation (highly, moderately, lightly, and none) were exposed to three intensities of UVB radiation (low, mid, or high) and monitored for survival after 48 h. Pigmented bdelloids were found in rock pools with lower DOC concentrations. Logistic regression analysis indicated that pigmentation level, desiccation time, and UVB intensity all affected survival. Bdelloids in the dormant form for 1 d were more resistant to UVB exposure at all pigmentation levels. However, as desiccation time increased, the odds of surviving decreased. Hydrated highly pigmented bdelloids were three times more likely to survive desiccation, UVB radiation, and their combined effects. Prolonged periods of drought due to the changing climate will alter DOC concentrations, causing photoprotection to become an increasingly important survival strategy for aquatic invertebrates, especially those inhabiting shallow waters.
Estimation of Staphylococcus total viable count in different contamination states of central venous catheters in hemodialysis centers based on tunable diode laser wavelength‐modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Xueli , Li Qi , Chen Jia , Chen Qiaoyan , Yu Meifang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe surveillance and assessment of the total viable count (TVC) of Staphylococcus under different levels of catheter contamination are crucial for the prevention and evaluation of catheter‐related infections in hemodialysis (HD). This paper demonstrates the noninvasive and accurate measurement of the TVC of Staphylococcus using wavelength‐modulated tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (WMAS). The tunable distributed feedback laser with a central wavelength of 2004 nm was employed and the detection limit of 22.5 ppm for carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis was obtained. The growth of Staphylococcus under different medium concentrations was studied, and the results indicated a strong correlation between the growth rate and final TVC of S. epidermidis with the medium concentration. When the degree of catheter contamination was low, resulting in minimal residual nutrient concentration within the catheter, the bacterial growth rate and TVC were effectively suppressed. Therefore, it is proven that WMAS is a user‐friendly, noninvasive, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio technique for monitoring Staphylococcus, making it an effective tool for assessing Staphylococcus growth in HD catheter surveillance.
A flexible tri‐band impedance transformer for frequency‐dependent complex impedances with simple structure
Authors: Huang Zigang , Liu Qiang , Liu Wang , Du Guangxing , Li Guolin , Cheng Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a simple tri‐band impedance transformer for frequency‐dependent complex impedances. The proposed transformer is a cascade of a π‐model transformer, three series transmission lines, and a tri‐band susceptance stub network, the structure is simple, and the matching sequence of the three frequencies can be changed. All parameters of the design can be obtained from the derived analytical formulas, and the process of the design is elaborated. Two design examples demonstrate the proposed design method, and a prototype is fabricated for verification. Good agreement between the simulated results and measured results is obtained. Compared with the existing works, the transformer features a simple structure, offering flexibility to match frequency‐dependent complex impedances, and a simple method. Additionally, it features a very short total electrical length and wider bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed transformer is suitable for the tri‐band active circuits and wireless communication systems.
The Role of Connexin26 and Connexin30 in the Mouse Cochlea of Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Sun Tao , Li Wenzhen , Shi Ke , Zhao Yue , Guo Dan , Wang Dongming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the role of connexin26 (Cx26) and connexin30 (Cx30) in the cochlea in noise‐induced permanent threshold shifts (PTS) and temporary threshold shift (TTS).Study DesignProspective, controlled.SettingLaboratory.MethodsA mouse model of noise‐induced PTS and TTS was constructed. Western blots were used to detect the expression of Cx26 and Cx30 in the cochlea. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to assess the potential biological pathways.ResultsBoth the expression of Cx26 and Cx30 showed a trend of first rising and then falling in noise‐induced PTS. The expression of Cx26 increased greatly in the 24 hours noise exposure (P < .05) and reached the highest level in the 4 hours after noise exposure (P < .05), then decreased gradually and returned to the control level on the seventh day after the noise exposure, when compared with the control group. The expression of Cx30 showed a similar trend in noise‐induced PTS. However, both the expression of Cx26 and Cx30 showed a trend of first falling and then rising in noise induced TTS. The expression of Cx26/Cx30 reached its lowest level in the 4 hours after noise exposure (P < .05), and then increased to the control level on the second day after noise exposure (P > .05), compared with the control group. The first KEGG and GO pathway may be related with oxidative phosphorylation.ConclusionCx26 and Cx30 may have an effect in noise induced PTS and TTS. Future studies are needed to confirm the results.
Consequences of NICU Intubations: Incidence, Identifications, and Interventions
Authors: Stoler Nicole A. , Segada Nicole W. , Varghese Varsha , Gowda Sharada H. , Mehta Deepak K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveProlonged intubation often leads to laryngeal injuries such as subglottic stenosis (SGS), especially in neonates with prematurity and congenital defects key for tissue healing. Recognizing at risk patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is not well studied. The study's goals were to determine intubation risk factors, characterize laryngeal injuries, and calculate the incidence of intervention.Study DesignRetrospective case review.SettingQuaternary pediatric referral center.MethodsThis retrospective study included all intubated patients in the NICU from April 1, 2020 to 2023. Electronic records were reviewed for demographics and intubation details. Patients were categorized to into intubation only or intervention groups, including direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (DLB) and tracheostomy history.ResultsA total of 441 patients were identified with 94 (21%) neonates undergoing DLB. Characteristics impacting intervention included older gestational age, genetic syndromes, and congenital heart disease. Significant risk factors were older age at first intubation, recurrent intubation events, longer intubation duration, and larger endotracheal tube (ETT) diameter, but not birth weight or intubation attempts. Otolaryngology was more likely to intubate the intervention cohort. SGS overall incidence was 2.95% with balloon dilation in 6.4%. Two‐thirds of neonates with DLB ultimately required tracheostomy, in which all variables remained significant risk factors except for gestational age.ConclusionOlder age at first intubation, more intubation events, longer intubation duration, and larger ETT increased risk for future DLB and tracheostomy but not birth weight or number of intubation attempts. Most NICU patients selected for DLB ultimately required further procedures.
Radiographic Estimation of Superior Canal Dehiscence Area in a Prediction Model of Surgical Outcome
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Yang Isaac , Gopen Quinton S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveComputed tomography (CT) imaging of the temporal bone constitutes an integral element in the diagnostic workup of superior canal dehiscence (SCD). This study explores the utility of a clinically efficient method of manually estimating SCD size on CT imaging in predicting surgical outcomes.Study DesignCohort study.SettingTertiary center.MethodsConsecutive middle fossa repairs of SCD between 2011 and 2022 were included. Measurements of approximate dehiscence area (ADA), a previously established estimation method, on temporal bone CT imaging were performed by trained raters blind to clinical information. Surgical outcomes, evaluated with symptom resolution and audiometric improvement following repair, were assessed in multivariable regression models with ADA as the primary predictor and patient demographics and other history factors as covariates.ResultsAmong 311 cases included, mean ADA was 2.68 mm2, and 71% of cases achieved overall symptom improvement (OSI). Every 1 mm2 rise in ADA predicted on average 3 dB greater narrowing of low‐frequency air‐bone gap (β 95% confidence interval, CI [−5.4, −0.7]) but 50% lower odds of OSI (adjusted odds ratio: 95% CI [0.32, 0.78]) among unilateral SCD cases. A model incorporating ADA, patient demographics, and history factors predicted OSI with a sensitivity, specificity combination as high as 85%, 73% and a positive predictive value, negative predictive value combination as high as 85%, 82% (area under the curve: 95% CI: 0.76‐0.93).ConclusionIncreased ADA predicts more pronounced audiometric improvement but poorer symptomatic response among unilateral SCD cases. ADA is an efficient and practical method of estimating SCD size and demonstrated clinical utility in accurately predicting surgical outcomes.
Gender, Racial, and Academic Authorship Diversity in the Otolaryngology Clinical Trial Literature
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Huynh Jeffrey D. , Moffatt Clare , Evans Lauran K. , Bommakanti Krishna , Wong Emily , John Maie St. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the state and trajectory of gender, racial, and academic authorship diversity in the otolaryngology clinical trial literature over the past 2 decades.Study DesignBibliometric analysis.SettingOtolaryngology clinical trial literature.MethodsClinical trials published in the 9 major otolaryngology journals between 2000 and 2020 were included. The gender, race, and academic seniority of the first, senior, and corresponding authors were recorded for each trial. Multivariable regression models assessed the temporal trajectory of authorship diversity over time and the disparity in citations across author characteristics. Models adjusted for relevant confounders pertaining to publication environment and study design.ResultsAmong 2117 trials, first, senior, and corresponding authors have been predominantly White (60%‐64%), male (76%‐80%), and attending physicians (63%‐69%). Trials led by Black (<1%) and Hispanic (<5%) authors were severely underrepresented. Over time, the representation of female (adj. β 0.8%, 95% CI [0.5%, 1.1%] per year), Asian (1.0% [0.7%, 1.3%] per year), and MD resident (0.4% [0.1%, 0.7%] per year) first authorship increased, but representation of female (0.2% [−0.1%, 0.5%] per year), Black (0% [−0.03%, 0.02%] per year), Hispanic (−0.2% [−0.33%, −0.02%] per year) senior authorship remained persistently low. Asian‐led trials were cited significantly less compared to White‐led trials even after adjusting for study design and publication year (aIRR 0.82 [0.73, 0.92]).ConclusionsDespite promising signs of improving authorship diversity over time, persistent underrepresentation of female, Black, Hispanic senior authorship underscore the need for additional efforts to diversify the otolaryngology clinical science workforce.
Impact of Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Design on Post‐Op Speech Perception
Authors: Pennington‐FitzGerald William , Waring Nicholas A. , Hamiter Mickie , Kuhlmey Megan , Kim Ana H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveElectrode array design may impact hearing outcomes in patients who receive cochlear implants. The goal of this work was to assess differences in post operative speech perception among patients who received cochlear implants of differing designs and lengths.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary Care Hospital.MethodsPatients (n = 129) received 1 of 9 electrode arrays, which were categorized by design: Lateral wall electrodes (n = 36) included CI522, CI622 (Cochlear Americas), Flex24, and Flex28 (Med El). Midscala electrodes (n = 16) included HiRes Ultra 3D (Advanced Bionics). Perimodiolar electrodes (n = 77) included CI512, CI532, CI612, and CI632 (Cochlear Americas). Speech perception was evaluated using consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) tests and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postimplantation.ResultsPerimodiolar electrodes showed significantly higher CNC scores compared to lateral wall electrodes at 6 and 24 months. Perimodiolar electrodes also outperformed midscala electrodes at 12 months. An inverse relationship was observed between electrode length and CNC scores noted at 6, 12, and 24 months.ConclusionPerimodiolar electrode arrays, which tend to be shorter, demonstrated better speech perception outcomes compared to the longer lateral wall and midscala arrays at some timepoints. These findings suggest a potential advantages of perimodiolar electrodes for optimizing hearing outcomes.
Understanding the Representation of Asians and Asian Americans Within Academic Otolaryngology Leadership
Authors: Lin Matthew E. , Razura Diego E. , Luu Neil N. , Yu Alison J. , Kim Ian , Kwon Daniel I. , Chambers Tamara N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveElucidate the representation of Asian and Asian Americans in academic otolaryngology and the influence of race on promotion and leadership opportunities.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Administrative Management Online User System.SettingFull‐time otolaryngology faculty from all US medical schools from 2020 to 2023.MethodsFaculty demographics, tenure, and rank were collected. Descriptive statistics, Fischer's exact test, Rank Equity Index (REI), and multivariable logistic and ordinal regressions were used to characterize our cohort and assess the impact of race on academic advancement and leadership, defined as promotion to tenure or full professorship.ResultsAsians comprised 20.53% of 9056 faculty over 4 years. Asians were most likely to hold tenure‐eligible positions (n = 600, 30.74%) but were significantly less likely than non‐Asians to be tenured (43.00% vs 48.65%, P = .015). Asians were slightly above parity in promotion from assistant to associate professor (REI = 1.09) but below parity in promotion from associate professor to professor (REI = 0.78). Relative to whites, Hispanics, and African Americans, Asians reported the lowest associate/professor and assistant/professor REIs. On multivariable regressions, Asian race was not associated with decreased odds of tenure‐eligible positions but was associated with decreased odds of tenure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.64‐0.93]) and rank promotion (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = [0.74‐0.90]).ConclusionDespite strong overall representation in otolaryngology, Asians are less likely to receive promotion, tenure, or full professorship relative to other racial groups. Future efforts should emphasize equitable advancement opportunities to ensure a diverse otolaryngology leadership.
Spillover effects of Medicaid expansion on Medicare: Evidence from administrative data
Authors: Barkowski Scott , Jun Dajung , Zhang Yuting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe 2014 Medicaid expansion excluded Americans who were 65 years old and older, but they could still be affected via spillover effects. Using Medicare administrative data, we test for spillovers in Medicare spending and Medicaid coverage among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries. We analyze two cohorts: those under 65 in 2014, who could have been induced by the expansion to take up Medicaid before joining Medicare; and those 65 or older in 2014, whose Medicaid eligibility was never affected by the expansion. We only find spillovers for the under‐65 cohort, where Medicare spending fell and Medicaid coverage increased, with no measurable adverse effect on mortality. Combined with a null effect for the over‐65 cohort, these facts suggest Medicare beneficiaries were not crowded out of health care by the expansion. Instead, those under‐65 cohort satisfied “pent‐up” demand via Medicaid, consuming care they would have otherwise obtained later under Medicare.
Bayesian and non‐Bayesian inference of the process capacity index Spk′$S^{\prime }_{pk}$ under progressive type‐II right censored scheme
Authors: Saha Mahendra , Dutta Subhankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProcess capability indices (PCIs), are widely used to gauge how well a process performs within its requirements. While greater PCIs are indicative of improved process “quality,” they do not necessarily translate into lower rejection rates. Therefore, using a loss‐based PCI to gauge process capability makes more sense. In this paper, the PCI has been considered for normal random variable. The article attempts to study the classical and the Bayesian estimation of for type‐II progressive right censored sample under symmetric as well as asymmetric loss functions, namely squared error loss function, and LINEX loss function, respectively. The Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation technique has been efficiently used here to have the approximate solution for . Through an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study along with two real life examples related to electronic industry, we compare the performances of the classical and the Bayes estimates based on symmetric and asymmetric loss functions and compared among the asymptotic confidence interval and highest posterior density credible intervals, in terms of average width and corresponding coverage probabilities of , respectively.
The impact of counterfeit components and LRUs in the navy surface warfare supply chain: A systems dynamics approach
Authors: Porter Wayne , Reese Cody , Bickford Jason , Bourn Seth , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroelectronics integrity is a critical issue for many industries including the Department of Defense (DoD). The military systems the DoD operates are particularly vulnerable to counterfeiting, with potentially costly or even catastrophic consequences. Counterfeits, regardless of production intent (malign or ersatz), raise significant concerns for industry and the DoD because they often demonstrate operational performance shortcomings, have lower reliability, or make components or organizations more vulnerable to attack. This article uses a systems dynamics modeling approach to explore the economics of counterfeiting for a sample system, the interactions between counterfeiters and the US Navy supply chain, and the impacts of counterfeit surveillance and detection to address the question: Is it more effective to target detection efforts at the component level or at the Line Replaceable Units level? A case study of an engine control module for the LM2500 propulsion turbine used on US Navy Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyer (DDG‐51) platforms is provided to demonstrate the approach.
Buckling load of heavy columns with variable cross section and flexible end restraints
Authors: Wahrhaftig Alexandre de Macêdo , Eisenberger Moshe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective and economical design of heavy columns, taking into account their own self weight is a common problem in engineering. The degree of restraint provided at the ends of the column should also be taken into account and it is addressed by adding rotational and/or translational springs to simulate several levels of fixity. In this work results are given for five different combinations of boundary conditions at the two ends, and for several restraint rigidities at the supports. An approximate solution using Rayleigh's method is presented and compared to numerical finite element results and to the exact solution previously derived for general cases of variable cross section columns with variable axial force.