bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reading accessibility index and quality of reading grid of patients with central vision loss
Authors: Tarita‐Nistor Luminita , González Esther G. , Mandelcorn Mark S. , Brent Michael H. , Markowitz Samuel N. , Steinbach Martin J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeIn this study we evaluated the reading accessibility index (ACC) and a quality of reading grid as assessment tools for reading and as outcome measures for reading rehabilitation of patients with central vision loss.MethodsReading performances on the MNRead chart (www.precision-vision.com) were reviewed from our research database. Participants were 24 controls with normal vision [mean age: 34 (SD, 14) years] and 61 patients with bilateral central vision loss [mean age: 81 (SD, 9) years] among which a subgroup of 18 patients [mean age, 76 (SD, 13) years] had undergone perceptual learning training for reading rehabilitation. The outcome measures were maximum reading speed, reading acuity, critical print size, ACC, and the reading quality. A reading quality grid that classified reading speed as spot, slow, functional, or fluent and print size as small, regular, medium, or large was used. All reading speed values were normalised (i.e., divided by 200, the average reading speed in young adults with normal vision measured with the MNRead).ResultsThe ACC was associated perfectly with the maximum reading speed in the control group (r22 = 0.99, P < 0.001) and strongly with all parameters of reading in the patient group (smallest r value: r59 = −0.66, P < 0.001). For patients with central vision loss, reading was functional for large print, but slow for medium print and spot for regular print. For some patients with the same ACC values, the quality of reading grid revealed important performance differences. For the subgroup (n = 18) of patients who were trained, the ACC revealed a greater effect of training than the other three parameters of reading, and although there were statistically significant improvements across all print size categories, a qualitative improvement in reading was noticed only for the medium print sizes.ConclusionsThe ACC is a good measure of reading performance in patients with central vision loss. Examining reading quality for different print size categories can provide a more detailed picture of reading impairment and should be considered as an outcome for rehabilitation in addition to the ACC.
Transcoronary cell infusion with the stop‐flow technique in children with single‐ventricle physiology
Authors: Eitoku Takahiro , Baba Kenji , Kondou Maiko , Kurita Yoshihiko , Fukushima Yousuke , Hirai Kenta , Ohtsuki Shinichi , Ishigami Shuta , Sano Shunji , Oh Hidemasa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlmost all reports on cardiac regeneration therapy have referred to adults, and only a few have focused on transcoronary infusion of cardiac progenitor cells using the stop‐flow technique in children.MethodsIntracoronary autologous cardiosphere‐derived cell (CDC) transfer was conducted at Okayama University as a phase 1 clinical trial for seven patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome between January 2011 and December 2012, and as a phase 2 clinical trial for 34 patients with single‐ventricle physiology between July 2013 and March 2015.ResultsA total of 41 patients with single‐ventricle physiology underwent transcoronary infusion of CDC with the stop‐flow technique. The median age was 33 months (range, 5–70 months) and the median weight was 10.1 kg (range, 4.1–16.0 kg). Transient adverse events occurred during the procedure, including ST‐segment elevation or depression, hypotension, bradycardia, and coronary artery vasospasm. All patients completely recovered. There were no major procedure‐related adverse events. In this study, transcoronary infusion of CDC using the stop‐flow technique was successfully completed in all patients.ConclusionTranscoronary infusion of CDC using the stop‐flow technique in children is a feasible and safe procedure.
Service outsourcing: The home, the host and the provider
Authors: Grover Goswami Arti 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough offshoring service providers have grown meteorically in the last two decades, the phenomenon is still primarily analyzed through the lens of a home country and its firms. This paper presents a framework for explaining some of the stylized facts of the offshore service provider industry. The model characterizes the service choice of offshore service providers under alternative skill distribution and also explains why complex service providers employ more skilled workers, pay higher wages, and have a lower scale of provision. Finally, it sheds light on the relationship between partnering country sizes and wage inequality.
Relations between close friendships and adolescent aggression: Structural and behavioral friendship features
Authors: Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Hanish Laura D. , DeLay Dawn , Martin Carol Lynn , Updegraff Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFriendships have the potential to perpetuate or mitigate youth's aggressive behavior. We investigated concurrent and longitudinal effects of friendships on aggression by examining both structural (size and interconnectedness of the local friendship network) and behavioral (friends' aggression) friendship features. Participants were 868 sixth to eighth grade middle‐school students (M = 12.10 years; 49.9% girls; 44% Latina/o) who completed questionnaires at two time points. Participants nominated their friends; reciprocal friendship nominations were used to calculate structural friendship group features (size and interconnectedness). Peer nominations were also used to measure youth's and their friends' aggression. Having more reciprocal friends was associated with more aggression concurrently (particularly for youth whose friends were highly aggressive), and having an interconnected friendship group was associated with decreased aggression over time. Given that findings were different for group size and interconnectedness, we discuss the unique importance of each of these structural friendship features. Practical implications regarding the potential to decrease aggressive behavior based on specific friendship features are also discussed.
Evaluation of an Intervention With Nurses for Delirium Detection After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Fraser Vanessa , Cossette Sylvie , Mailhot Tanya , Brisebois Anie , Dubé Véronique 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundCompletion of a delirium detection tool allows rapid management, which alleviates complications. However, these tools are often underused.AimsTo assess the effect of a knowledge transfer (KT) intervention on the completion of a delirium detection tool by nurses working with cardiac surgery patients. Secondary aims included describing completion rates per work shift, and patient characteristics associated with higher rates.MethodsIn a pre‐post study, the intervention included a survey and focus groups to identify barriers to use of a delirium detection tool (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist [ICDSC]). Nurses’ suggestions for a KT activity and its implementation were also included. Using chi‐square analysis and medical charts from 242 patients, we compared the pre‐ and postintervention rates of completion of the ICDSC.ResultsThe majority of nurses who completed the survey (n = 30) felt they had the knowledge, skills, and intention to complete the ICDSC. During the focus groups (n = 4), a need for information on delirium symptoms and its management was raised as a barrier. This barrier was addressed with the selected KT activity (clinical capsule and aide‐memoire handed out to nurses [n = 24]). Across all work shifts, the completion rate was similar pre‐ and postintervention. Overall, the completion rate was lower during the day shift than the night and evening shifts. A higher rate was associated with the first three postoperative days, and longer hospital and intensive care unit stays.Linking Evidence to ActionA tailored intervention based on preidentified barriers and facilitators, using the Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire, and in collaboration with participants, has the potential to promote evidence‐based practice.
High fat diet blunts the effects of leptin on ventilation and on carotid body activity
Authors: Ribeiro Maria J. , Sacramento Joana F. , Gallego‐Martin Teresa , Olea Elena , Melo Bernardete F. , Guarino Maria P. , Yubero Sara , Obeso Ana , Conde Silvia V. 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Leptin plays a role in the control of breathing, acting mainly on central nervous system; however, leptin receptors have been recently shown to be expressed in the carotid body (CB), and this finding suggests a physiological role for leptin in the regulation of CB function.
Leptin increases minute ventilation in both basal and hypoxic conditions in rats. It increases the frequency of carotid sinus nerve discharge in basal conditions, as well as the release of adenosine from the CB. However, in a metabolic syndrome animal model, the effects of leptin in ventilatory control, carotid sinus nerve activity and adenosine release by the CB are blunted.
Although leptin may be involved in triggering CB overactivation in initial stages of obesity and dysmetabolism, resistance to leptin signalling and blunting of responses develops in metabolic syndrome animal models.
AbstractLeptin plays a role in the control of breathing, acting mainly on central nervous system structures. Leptin receptors are expressed in the carotid body (CB) and this finding has been associated with a putative physiological role of leptin in the regulation of CB function. Since, the CBs are implicated in energy metabolism, here we tested the effects of different concentrations of leptin administration on ventilatory parameters and on carotid sinus nerve (CSN) activity in control and high‐fat (HF) diet fed rats, in order to clarify the role of leptin in ventilation control in metabolic disease states. We also investigated the expression of leptin receptors and the neurotransmitters involved in leptin signalling in the CBs. We found that in non‐disease conditions, leptin increases minute ventilation in both basal and hypoxic conditions. However, in the HF model, the effect of leptin in ventilatory control is blunted. We also observed that HF rats display an increased frequency of CSN discharge in basal conditions that is not altered by leptin, in contrast to what is observed in control animals. Leptin did not modify intracellular Ca2+ in CB chemoreceptor cells, but it produced an increase in the release of adenosine from the whole CB. We conclude that CBs represent an important target for leptin signalling, not only to coordinate peripheral ventilatory chemoreflexive drive, but probably also to modulate metabolic variables. We also concluded that leptin signalling is mediated by adenosine release and that HF diets blunt leptin responses in the CB, compromising ventilatory adaptation.
Mental Fatigue Impairs Physical Performance in Young Swimmers
Authors: Penna Eduardo Macedo , Filho Edson , Wanner Samuel Penna , Campos Bruno Teobaldo , Quinan Gabriel Resende , Mendes Thiago Teixeira , Smith Mitchell Robert , Prado Luciano Sales 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental fatigue on heart rate variability, subjective measures of fatigue, and swimming performance in young athletes. Methods: Sixteen swimmers [15.45 (0.51) y old, 7.35 (2.20) y of swimming experience] performed a 1500-m time trial on 2 occasions separated by an interval of at least 72 hours. The 1500-m swimming was preceded by a 30-minute treatment that consisted of performing the Stroop Color and Word test to induce mental fatigue (experimental trial) or watching an emotionally neutral video (control trial). Results: Participants reported higher ratings of mental fatigue and mental effort following the Stroop test when compared with the control trial, but no differences in motivation were observed. The induction of mental fatigue impaired swimming performance, as evidenced by a slower time (1.2%) to complete the 1500-m trial. No intertrial differences were identified for rating of perceived exertion during the swimming test or in heart rate variability after the Stroop and swimming tests. Conclusion: The results indicate that induction of mental fatigue impairs 1500-m swimming performance without changing heart rate variability.
Results of viscobubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty after failure of pneumatic dissection
Authors: Scorcia Vincenzo , De Luca Valentina , Lucisano Andrea , Carnevali Adriano , Carnovale Scalzo Giovanna , Bovone Cristina , Busin Massimo 
Published: December 2017

AimTo report the outcomes of bubble formation obtained by means of intrastromal injection of ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) after failure of pneumatic dissection for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).MethodsDALK was performed in 140 keratoconic eyes of 130 patients by injecting air and OVD only secondarily, after pneumatic dissection had failed; the bubble formation rates after air and OVD injection were recorded; complications, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and corneal tomographic parameters were evaluated 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, as well as after complete suture removal.ResultsAir injection created a big bubble in 106/140 eyes (75.71%); OVD injection was not attempted in 4 eyes (perforation during cannula insertion n=2; air bubble burst n=2) and created a big bubble in 28 of the remaining 30 eyes (93.33%, 20% of the total). Manual dissection was required in 2/30 eyes (6.66%, 1.42% of the total) after failed OVD-assisted dissection.Deep folds, interface opacity and reduced BSCVA were noted in both eyes after failed OVD-assisted dissection. BSCVA was statistically better after pneumatic-assisted than after OVD-assisted dissection (P 0.01) only up to 3 months postoperatively; no statistically significant differences were recorded between the two techniques at later examinations.ConclusionIntrastromal injection of OVD after failed pneumatic dissection increases considerably the success rate of bubble formation (from 75.71% to 95.71% in our series); however, when bubble formation fails, infiltration of OVD into the residual stroma makes manual dissection particularly challenging and causes severe interface haze resulting in poor visual outcomes.
Rationale and design of the violence, injury and trauma observatory (VITO): the Cape Town VITO pilot studies protocol
Authors: Jabar Ardil , Oni Tolu , Engel Mark E , Cvetkovic Nemanja , Matzopoulos Richard 
Published: December 2017

The establishment of violence and injury observatories elsewhere has been found to reduce the burden within a relatively short period. Currently no integrated system exists in South Africa to provide collated data on violence, to allow for targeted interventions and routine monitoring and evaluation.This research seeks to identify if bringing multiple data sources, including but not limited to data from the South African Police Service (SAPS), Forensic Pathology Services (FPS), Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and local hospital clinical databases, together are (1) feasible; (2) able to generate data for action, that is valid, reliable and robust and (3) able to lead to interventions.The violence, injury and trauma observatory (VITO) is a planned collaborative, multicentre study of clinical, police and forensic data for violence and injury in the City of Cape Town, where a local context exists of access to multiple source of health and non-health data. The VITO will initially be piloted in Khayelitsha, a periurban community characterised by increased rates of violence, where fatal and non-fatal injury data will be sourced from within the community for the period 2012–2015 and subjected to descriptive statistics and time-trend analyses. Analysed data will be visualised using story maps, data clocks, web maps and other geographical information systems-related products.This study has been approved by the University of Cape Town’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 861/2016). We intend to disseminate our findings among stakeholders within the local government safety cluster, non-governmental organisations working within the violence prevention sector and the afflicted communities through the SAPS and violence prevention through urban upgrading community forums. Findings from this work will serve to identify important issues and trends, influence public policy and develop evidence-based interventions.
Anticipated health behaviour changes and perceived control in response to disclosure of genetic risk of breast and ovarian cancer: a quantitative survey study among women in the UK
Authors: Meisel Susanne F , Fraser Lindsay Sarah Macduff , Side Lucy , Gessler Sue , Hann Katie E J , Wardle Jane , Lanceley Anne 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundGenetic risk assessment for breast cancer and ovarian cancer (BCOC) is expected to make major inroads into mainstream clinical practice. It is important to evaluate the potential impact on women ahead of its implementation in order to maximise health benefits, as predictive genetic testing without adequate support could lead to adverse psychological and behavioural responses to risk disclosure.ObjectiveTo examine anticipated health behaviour changes and perceived control to disclosure of genetic risk for BCOC and establish demographic and person-specific correlates of adverse anticipated responses in a population-based sample of women.DesignCross-sectional quantitative survey study carried out by the UK Office for National Statistics in January and March 2014.SettingFace-to-face computer-assisted interviews conducted by trained researchers in participants’ homes.Participants837 women randomly chosen from households across the UK identified from the Royal Mail’s Postcode Address File.Outcome measuresAnticipated health behaviour change and perceived control to disclosure of BCOC risk.ResultsIn response to a genetic test result, most women (72%) indicated ‘I would try harder to have a healthy lifestyle’, and over half (55%) felt ‘it would give me more control over my life’. These associations were independent of demographic factors or perceived risk of BCOC in Bonferroni-corrected multivariate analyses. However, a minority of women (14%) felt ‘it isn’t worth making lifestyle changes’ and that ‘I would feel less free to make choices in my life’ (16%) in response to BCOC risk disclosure. The former belief was more likely to be held by women who were educated below university degree level (P<0.001) after adjusting for other demographic and person-specific correlates.ConclusionThese findings indicate that women in the UK largely anticipate that they would engage in positive health behaviour changes in response to BCOC risk disclosure.
Prevalence and possible factors associated with anaemia, and vitamin B12and folate deficiencies in women of reproductive age in Pakistan: analysis of national-level secondary survey data
Authors: Soofi Sajid , Khan Gul Nawaz , Sadiq Kamran , Ariff Shabina , Habib Atif , Kureishy Sumra , Hussain Imtiaz , Umer Muhammad , Suhag Zamir , Rizvi Arjumand , Bhutta Zulfiqar 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and possible factors associated with anaemia, and vitamin B12and folate deficiencies in women of reproductive age (WRA) in Pakistan.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted on data collected through the large-scale National Nutrition Survey in Pakistan in 2011. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels <12 g/dL, vitamin B12deficiency as serum vitamin B12levels of <203 pg/mL (150 pmol/L) and folate deficiency as serum folate levels <4 ng/mL (10 nmol/L).ResultsA total of 11 751 blood samples were collected and analysed. The prevalence of anaemia, vitamin B12deficiency and folate deficiency was 50.4%, 52.4% and 50.8%, respectively. After adjustment, the following factors were positively associated with anaemia: living in Sindh province (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.09) P<0.00, food insecure with moderate hunger (RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06) P=0.02, four or more pregnancies (RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) P<0.00, being underweight (RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) P=0.02, being overweight or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) P<0.00 and weekly intake of leafy green vegetables (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00) P=0.04. For vitamin B12deficiency, a positive association was observed with rural population (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00) P=0.04, living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.43) P<0.00 and living in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.08) P=0.01. Folate deficiency was negatively associated with daily and weekly intake of eggs (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98) P=0.02 and (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99) P=0.03.ConclusionsIn Pakistan, anaemia, and vitamin B12and folate deficiencies are a severe public health concern among WRA. Our findings suggest that further research is needed on culturally appropriate short-term and long-term interventions within communities and health facilities to decrease anaemia, and vitamin B12and folate deficiencies among Pakistani women.
Subgrouping and TargetEd Exercise pRogrammes for knee and hip OsteoArthritis (STEER OA): a systematic review update and individual participant data meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Holden Melanie A , Burke Danielle L , Runhaar Jos , van Der Windt Danielle , Riley Richard D , Dziedzic Krysia , Legha Amardeep , Evans Amy L , Abbott J Haxby , Baker Kristin , Brown Jenny , Bennell Kim L , Bossen Daniël , Brosseau Lucie , Chaipinyo Kanda , Christensen Robin , Cochrane Tom , de Rooij Mariette , Doherty Michael , French Helen P , Hickson Sheila , Hinman Rana S , Hopman-Rock Marijke , Hurley Michael V , Ingram Carol , Knoop Jesper , Krauss Inga , McCarthy Chris , Messier Stephen P , Patrick Donald L , Sahin Nilay , Talbot Laura A , Taylor Robert , Teirlinck Carolien H , van Middelkoop Marienke , Walker Christine , Foster Nadine E 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionKnee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Therapeutic exercise is a recommended core treatment for people with knee and hip OA, however, the observed effect sizes for reducing pain and improving physical function are small to moderate. This may be due to insufficient targeting of exercise to subgroups of people who are most likely to respond and/or suboptimal content of exercise programmes. This study aims to identify: (1) subgroups of people with knee and hip OA that do/do not respond to therapeutic exercise and to different types of exercise and (2) mediators of the effect of therapeutic exercise for reducing pain and improving physical function. This will enable optimal targeting and refining the content of future exercise interventions.Methodsand analysisSystematic review and individual participant data meta-analyses. A previous comprehensive systematic review will be updated to identify randomised controlled trials that compare the effects of therapeutic exercise for people with knee and hip OA on pain and physical function to a non-exercise control. Lead authors of eligible trials will be invited to share individual participant data. Trial-level and participant-level characteristics (for baseline variables and outcomes) of included studies will be summarised. Meta-analyses will use a two-stage approach, where effect estimates are obtained for each trial and then synthesised using a random effects model (to account for heterogeneity). All analyses will be on an intention-to-treat principle and all summary meta-analysis estimates will be reported as standardised mean differences with 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethical or governance approval is exempt as no new data are being collected and no identifiable participant information will be shared. Findings will be disseminated via national and international conferences, publication in peer-reviewed journals and summaries posted on websites accessed by the public and clinicians.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054049.