bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐centered care in children with epilepsy: Evaluating the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC‐20)
Authors: Joachim Kariym C. , Wilk Piotr , Ryan Bridget L. , Speechley Kathy N. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe objective was to test whether the five‐domain structure of the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC‐20) was observed in a sample of children with epilepsy and, if not, to propose adaptations to improve its utility in this population.MethodsData came from the Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study (HERQULES)—a multicenter prospective cohort study (n = 374) following children 4–12 years of age for 2 years after diagnosis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the applicability of the five domains/factors in a sample of children with epilepsy approximately 6 months following diagnosis (n = 311). Goodness‐of‐fit statistics were used to examine sources of ill model fit, and modification indices guided the model modification process where there was strong theoretical rationale for changes.ResultsThe five‐factor model described by the originators of the MPOC‐20 was found to be inadmissible in children with epilepsy, with four of the five factors demonstrating high correlations (r > 0.85). Upon merging the intercorrelated factors, a two‐factor solution with a mediocre fit emerged (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.080, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.902, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.060). Modification indices identified four items as the source of poor model fit. Removing these four items and reperforming the CFA resulted in an adequate model fit and a revised 16‐item MPOC (RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.958, SRMR = 0.036). The two factors are “Family/Care Provider Interaction” and “Providing Information.”SignificanceResults suggest that the MPOC‐16 better reflects family‐centered care (FCC) in children with epilepsy than the original MPOC‐20. The benefit of having fewer factors is that scoring is simpler and the interpretation of the results is easier. This was the first investigation of the factor structure of the MPOC‐20 on a sample entirely composed of children with epilepsy. These results add to evidence that the factor structure (and how family‐centered care is delivered and perceived) differs across treatment environments and treatment populations.
A possible interaction between periostin and CD163+ skin‐resident macrophages in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Kakizaki Aya , Furudate Sadanori , Aiba Setsuya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are autoimmune blistering diseases, and substantial numbers of CD163+ tissue‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are detected in both diseases. PV and BP possess different subsets of helper T cells, suggesting that the cytokine profiles of PV and BP might be different. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microenvironment of lesional skin and serum of PV and BP patients, focusing on the immunomodulatory factors related to TAMs, such as periostin (POSTN), chemokines, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We first performed immunohistological staining of POSTN in PV and BP lesions. POSTN was prominent in the superficial dermis in both PV and BP lesions. Next, to validate the activation of CD163+ TAMs in PV and BP patients, we examined the serum levels of soluble (s)CD163. The serum sCD163 levels in PV and BP patients are significantly higher than in healthy controls. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the effects of POSTN on CD163+ TAMs in PV and BP, we examined chemokines, MMPs and cytokines selected by DNA microarray database. The serum CXCL5 levels from PV patients are significantly higher than those in BP patients and healthy controls. The IL‐36γ expression on infiltrating macrophages was prominent only in the lesional skin of PV, while the MMP12 deposition was detected in both PV and BP lesions. Our results shed light on the novel pathogenesis of PV through CD163+ TAMs.
TRUST trial: BAY 86‐6150 use in haemophilia with inhibitors and assessment for immunogenicity
Authors: Mahlangu J. , Paz P. , Hardtke M. , Aswad F. , Schroeder J. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionThe most serious and challenging complication of haemophilia treatment is development of inhibitors to replacement factors VIII or IX. Innovative therapies currently being explored for patients with haemophilia and inhibitors include BAY 86‐6150, a modified recombinant activated factor VII (FVIIa). Immunogenicity remains a substantial barrier in this endeavour.AimTo present safety and efficacy results of the BAY 86‐6150 study in patients with inhibitors and report detailed analysis of epitope mapping in a patient who developed anti‐BAY 86‐6150 antibodies.MethodsPatients aged 12–62 years with moderate or severe haemophilia A or B were eligible for the phase 3 TRUST trial if they had a history of high‐titre inhibitors. Four escalating doses of BAY 86‐6150 (6.5, 20, 50, 90 μg kg−1) were planned with ≥10 patients per dose level. Bleeding episodes were treated with BAY 86‐6150. Development of anti‐BAY 86‐6150 antibodies was considered a serious adverse event.ResultsTRUST was discontinued after one patient in the 6.5‐μg kg−1 cohort developed anti‐BAY 86‐6150 neutralizing antibodies following three exposures. The anti‐BAY 86‐6150 antibodies cross‐reacted with and neutralized wild‐type FVIIa (WT‐FVIIa). Post hoc epitope mapping using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the responding patient found that none of the 14 peptides unique to BAY 86‐6150 were recognized by the patient's T cells, but strong responses were detected against 2 WT‐FVIIa peptides.ConclusionIn the single patient with haemophilia A who developed anti‐BAY 86‐6150 antibodies, results of T‐cell epitope mapping indicated BAY 86‐6150 was no more immunogenic than WT‐FVIIa.
Effect of dry‐heat treatments on the nutritional value of maize germ
Authors: Giordano Debora , Vanara Francesca , Reyneri Amedeo , Blandino Massimo 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMaize germ is a by‐product of the maize milling process that is characterised by a high nutritional value. Currently, heat treatments are employed to prevent full‐fat maize germ from spoilage. The aim of this research was to study the effect of five dry‐heat treatments on the nutritional value of full‐fat maize germ. The results confirmed that after each dry‐heat treatment, the lipase activity decreases but the use of high temperatures could be detrimental for phytosterol and thiamine concentrations. The main negative effects have been observed after treatments at 140 °C for 30 min and 160 °C for 10 min. No significant difference has been observed for protein, ash or fatty acid contents. The treatment at 140 °C for 20 min resulted an optimal combination between temperature and heating time to inactivate lipase without altering deeply the nutritional value and the colour of maize germ.
Candidate egg case silk genes for the spider Argiope argentata from differential gene expression analyses
Authors: Chaw R. C. , Arensburger P. , Clarke T. H. , Ayoub N. A. , Hayashi C. Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOrb‐web weaving spiders produce a variety of task‐specific silks from specialized silk glands. The genetics underlying the synthesis of specific silk types are largely unknown, and transcriptome analysis could be a powerful approach for identifying candidate genes. However, de novo assembly and expression profiling of silk glands with RNA‐sequencing (RNAseq) are problematic because the few known gene transcripts for silk proteins are extremely long and highly repetitive. To identify candidate genes for tubuliform (egg case) silk synthesis by the orb‐weaver Argiope argentata (Araneidae), we estimated transcript abundance using two sequencing methods: RNAseq reads from throughout the length of mRNA molecules, and 3′ digital gene expression reads from the 3′ region of mRNA molecules. Both analyses identified similar sets of genes as differentially expressed when comparing tubuliform and nonsilk gland tissue. However, incompletely assembled silk gene transcripts were identified as differentially expressed because of RNAseq read alignments to highly repetitive regions, confounding interpretation of RNAseq results. Homologues of egg case silk protein (ECP) genes were upregulated in tubuliform glands. This discovery is the first description of ECP homologues in an araneid. We also propose additional candidate genes involved in synthesis of tubuliform or other silk types.
Metaheuristics based on decision hierarchies for the traveling purchaser problem
Authors: Bernardino Raquel , Paias Ana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper we address the traveling purchaser problem, an NP‐hard problem that generalizes the traveling salesman problem. We present several metaheuristics that combine genetic algorithms and local search. The genetic algorithms are induced by different hierarchic orderings of the decision making regarding the route and the acquisition of the items. Computational experiments were carried out with benchmark instances and the results show that the proposed metaheuristics are a suitable tool to solve high‐dimensioned instances for which the exact methods do not provide solutions within a reasonable CPU time. For several instances, best new upper bounds for the optimum value of the objective function were obtained.
Sensitivity of breeding values for carcass traits of meat‐type quail to changes in dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ratio using reaction norm models
Authors: Miranda J.A. , Pires A.V. , Abreu L.R.A. , Mota L.F.M. , Silva M.A. , Bonafé C.M. , Lima H.J.D. , Martins P.G.M.A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryOur objective was to evaluate changes in breeding values for carcass traits of two meat‐type quail (Coturnix coturnix) strains (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ([Met + Cys]:Lys) ratio due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction via reaction norm. A total of 7000 records of carcass weight and yield were used for analyses. During the initial phase (from hatching to day 21), five diets with increasing (Met + Cys):Lys ratios (0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81), containing 26.1% crude protein and 2900 kcal ME/kg, were evaluated. Analyses were performed using random regression models that included linear functions of sex (fixed effect) and breeding value (random effect) for carcass weight and yield, without and with heterogeneous residual variance adjustment. Both fixed and random effects were modelled using Legendre polynomials of second order. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by both (Met + Cys):Lys ratio and strain. We observed that a G × E interaction was present, with changes in the breeding value ranking. Therefore, genetic evaluation for carcass traits should be performed under the same (Met + Cys):Lys ratio in which quails are raised.
Latitudinal variation in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium of the common reef zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa on the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea
Authors: Reimer James D. , Herrera Marcela , Gatins Remy , Roberts May B. , Parkinson John E. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe Red Sea presents an ideal setting to explore the variability of Symbiodinium over environmental, latitudinal and geographical gradients. We used sequences from two molecular markers to examine genetic diversity of Symbiodinium associated with the widely distributed zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa in the northern and central Red Sea.LocationNorthern and central Red Sea.MethodsSpecimens (n = 329) were collected from 15 locations. Sequence data from nuclear ribosomal ITS2 (n = 269) and chloroplast minicircle psbAncr (n = 173) were phylogenetically analysed (maximum likelihood, neighbour joining), and Symbiodinium types identified for each P. tuberculosa colony. To establish whether environment was a strong predictor of Symbiodinium psbAncr lineage, SST, chlorophyll‐a, salinity, and depth data were fit into a multinomial logistic regression using the package VGAM in the R statistical environment.ResultsBased on ITS2 and psbAncr results, P. tuberculosa colonies were shown to be in symbioses with Symbiodinium clade C (n = 172) and clade D (n = 1). Within clade C, four psbAncr lineages were observed; closely related lineages designated Pt‐1‐a and Pt‐1‐b, and closely related lineages Pt‐3‐a and Pt‐3‐b. By location, Pt‐1‐a dominated the sites within the Gulf of Aqaba (c. 86%, 37/43 colonies). At the entrance to the Gulf of Aqaba, Pt‐3‐a dominated (c. 88%, 15/17), while the more southern remaining sites in the Red Sea were dominated by Pt‐3‐b (c. 78%, 89/113).Main conclusionsMultinomial logistic regression analyses established that predictions based on the combination of temperature, chlorophyll‐a and salinity accurately reflected symbiont distributions in the central and northern Red Sea. Palythoa tuberculosa host Pt‐1‐a in the coldest region, the Gulf of Aqaba (annual average SST = 24.5–25.0 °C), while immediately to the south Pt‐3‐a dominates (SST = 26.0–26.5 °C), with warmest southern sites dominated by Pt‐3‐b (SST > 26.5 °C). The Gulf of Aqaba is a unique environment, and more research on Symbiodinium outside the Gulf is required to understand symbiont diversity patterns within the Red Sea.
Uncovering the role of the Western Mediterranean tectonics in shaping the diversity and distribution of the trap‐door spider genus Ummidia (Araneae, Ctenizidae)
Authors: Opatova Vera , Bond Jason E. , Arnedo Miquel A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe test the hypothesis that the opening of the Western Mediterranean basin drove the diversification of the trap‐door spider genus Ummidia by reconstructing the phylogeny and inferring a temporal framework of diversification. Additionally, we assess niche interchangeability of three Ummidia species to test the role of dispersal in shaping their present‐day distribution.LocationWestern Mediterranean, encompassing the known distribution range of Ummidia on the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa.MethodsWe use multi‐locus data and employ both gene concatenation and coalescent species‐tree approaches in phylogenetic reconstruction and Bayesian divergence estimation. Species distribution modelling is used to assess the ecological preferences of three species and evaluate ecological interchangeability.ResultsThe diversification time frame inferred for the basal split of Ummidia and subsequent diversification correlates with the tectonic movements involved in the phases of the opening of the Western Mediterranean. The basal split (24 Ma) correlates with the opening of the Valencia Trough, the split of the Maghrebian clade (16.54 Ma) with the separation of the Kabylies and Betic‐Rif blocks. A back‐colonization of the Iberian Peninsula from northern Africa was detected, presumably occurring via land bridges during the Messinian salinity crisis. The environmental preferences of Ummidia species indicate that U. algarve and adjacent Ummidia sp. ‘Tarifa’ are ecologically interchangeable.Main conclusionsTectonic movements involved in the opening of the Western Mediterranean shaped the distribution and diversity of extant Mediterranean Ummidia lineages. Despite the putative ability of Ummidia for airborne dispersal, observed phylogeographical patterns and isolation of ecologically interchangeable and geographically proximate species indicate that long‐distance dispersal events are rare and the present‐day distribution may be due to vicariant events driven by drifting microplates. Finally, several additional evolutionary independent lineages that may correspond to putative new species were detected.
Does population distribution matter? Influence of a patchy versus continuous distribution on genetic patterns in a wind‐pollinated shrub
Authors: Llorens Tanya M. , Tapper Sarah‐Louise , Coates David J. , McArthur Shelley , Hankinson Margaret , Byrne Margaret 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimUniform spatial population distributions are predicted to result in lower among‐population genetic differentiation and higher within‐population genetic diversity than naturally patchy distributions, but there have been surprisingly few attempts to isolate this effect from confounding factors. We studied the widespread wind‐pollinated shrub Allocasuarina humilis that is common in a geologically stable landscape characterized by long‐term population persistence to test the influence of semi‐continuous versus patchy population distributions on genetic patterns. We also investigated whether A. humilis shows the high population connectedness and genetic diversity typically associated with wind pollination, a relatively uncommon and little‐studied syndrome in this landscape.LocationHeath‐shrublands (‘heath’) and forests of south‐western Australia.MethodsPopulations were sampled from heath and forest regions, which respectively exhibited semi‐continuous and patchy population distributions. Genetic structure and diversity were assessed for 27 populations using eight nuclear microsatellite markers and three chloroplast regions. Phylogeographical history was examined using Bayesian phylogeny reconstruction, parsimony analysis and tests of expansion.ResultsHigh haplotype diversity is consistent with long‐term population persistence across most of the species’ range. Nuclear markers showed low overall population differentiation and no geographical structure over c. 900 km, reflecting extensive pollen dispersal. For both marker types, patchily distributed forest populations were substantially more differentiated with significantly lower within‐population diversity than semi‐continuous heath populations. Phylogeographical analysis revealed evidence for earlier colonization of heath than forest and recent expansion into wetter forests, consistent with progressive long‐term climatic drying.Main conclusionsHigh population connectedness and genetic diversity probably resulted from wind pollination in combination with dioecy and long life span. Patchy population distributions appear to have influenced genetic structure and diversity through lower pollen and seed dispersal, lower effective population sizes and greater genetic drift. Our approach illustrates the value of minimizing confounding variables by testing the effect of a variable ecological trait within a single species.
How coaching can play a key role in the development of nurse managers
Authors: Westcott Liz 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore empirically the role that coaching plays in the development of nurse managers in order to inform further research and policy makers about the potential utility and value of this means of development.BackgroundThere is evidence of the importance of the role of nurse managers who are first line managers of a team of nurses within any health sector. However, there appears to be little understanding of the United Kingdom wide scope of nurse manager development across the United Kingdom and the means to increase its effectiveness. At the same time, it appears that some nurse managers receive coaching to help in their development.DesignThis is a mixed methods study, using a pragmatist paradigm.MethodsData was gathered from a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This paper is reporting the results of the qualitative interviews only. Twenty‐one qualitative interviews were undertaken with nurse managers, coaches and directors of nursing to draw out their own experiences of coaching for nurse managers. Thematic analysis framework was used for data interrogation, identifying new patterns and emerging themes.ResultsThemes that emerged from interviews include how nurse managers were introduced to coaching, how they balanced transitions, the role of reflection, the value of relationships and overlaps between clinical supervision, mentoring and coaching.ConclusionsFindings show that following coaching, nurse managers gained increased resilience, confidence and better coping mechanisms. This resulted in perceived improved team management and cohesion and appeared to lead to better quality of care for patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study suggests the importance of nurse managers accessing coaching, to enable transformational leadership of their teams of nurses. It suggests also the importance of organisations supporting a coaching culture, to ensure staff satisfaction, motivation and improved quality of patient care.
Downregulation of nucleophosmin expression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Li Shihao , Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Zhechong , Huang Zixian , Liu Liu , Huang Zhiquan 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the relationship between nucleophosmin (NPM1) and patient clinical characteristics. Moreover, we investigated the effect of NPM1 in tumor proliferation and apoptosis of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).Materials and methodsNPM1 expression was examined in 74 specimens of SACC and 31 non‐cancerous epithelium adjacent to carcinoma (NCEAC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RNA interference technology was used to silence NPM1 expression in SACC cells. We used transwell culture assay, cell counting kit‐8 tests, and colony formation assay to test the proliferation, cisplatin resistance, migration, and invasiveness of SACC cells.ResultsThe nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of NPM1 in SACC tissue was overexpressed and was tightly linked to perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis. The downregulation of NPM1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SACC cells. Knockdown of NPM1 expression had no effect on chemoresistance migration, or invasiveness.ConclusionsNPM1 may play an important role in tumor progress in SACC and is a potential biomarker for SACC.
Standard PK/PD concepts can be applied to determine a dosage regimen for a macrolide: the case of tulathromycin in the calf
Authors: Toutain P.‐L. , Potter T. , Pelligand L. , Lacroix M. , Illambas J. , Lees P. 
Published: August 2016

The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of tulathromycin, administered to calves subcutaneously at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg, was established in serum, inflamed (exudate), and noninflamed (transudate) fluids in a tissue cage model. The PK profile of tulathromycin was also established in pneumonic calves. For Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, tulathromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were approximately 50 times lower in calf serum than in Mueller–Hinton broth. The breakpoint value of the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) index (AUC(0–24 h)/MIC) to achieve a bactericidal effect was estimated from in vitro time‐kill studies to be approximately 24 h for M. haemolytica and P. multocida. A population model was developed from healthy and pneumonic calves and, using Monte Carlo simulations, PK/PD cutoffs required for the development of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were determined. The population distributions of tulathromycin doses were established by Monte Carlo computation (MCC). The computation predicted a target attainment rate (TAR) for a tulathromycin dosage of 2.5 mg/kg of 66% for M. haemolytica and 87% for P. multocida. The findings indicate that free tulathromycin concentrations in serum suffice to explain the efficacy of single‐dose tulathromycin in clinical use, and that a dosage regimen can be computed for tulathromycin using classical PK/PD concepts.