bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and vertical transmission of human pegivirus among pregnant women infected with HIV
Authors: Santos Lucas M. , Lobato Rubens C. , Barral Maria Fernanda M. , Gonçalves Carla V. , da Hora Vanusa P. , Martinez Ana Maria B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) and factors associated with vertical transmission among pregnant women infected with HIV.MethodA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted among pregnant women treated at an HIV reference service in Rio Grande, Brazil, between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2015. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose HPgV infection among the women and their neonates. Clinical, obstetric, and neonatal data were obtained from medical records.ResultsInfection with HPgV was detected among 16 (25%) of 63 women and 5 (8%) of 63 newborns, corresponding to a vertical transmission rate of 31%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of prenatal care was the only risk factor for vertical transmission of HPgV (prevalence ratio 19.61, 95% confidence interval 1.29–297.48; P=0.032).ConclusionPrenatal care could protect against vertical transmission of HPgV among women infected with HIV; however, studies among HIV‐negative individuals are still required to verify this correlation.
Monocular hyper‐realistic AR head‐up display
Authors: Okumura Haruhiko , Sasaki Takashi , Hotta Aira , Shinohara Kazumitsu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe proposed and developed a novel monocular hyper‐realistic head dome projector for an amusement application and a novel monocular windshield augmented reality projector for augmented reality and head‐up display applications. They use monocular vision that eliminates the depth cues caused by binocular parallax information. Our developed monocular hyper‐realistic head dome projector and windshield augmented reality projector system achieved a high hyper‐reality performance with free depth perception and high visibility.
It's about time: Insights into temporal genetic patterns in oceanic zooplankton from biodiversity indices
Authors: Iacchei Matthew , Butcher Elizabeth , Portner Elan , Goetze Erica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge population sizes and high dispersal potential should lead to temporal genetic stability in marine species; however, the magnitude of allele frequency shifts through time have varied greatly in prior studies. We investigated temporal variation in the genetic composition of populations of two planktonic copepod species at an open ocean time series site in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (Station ALOHA, 22.45°N, 158°W). We sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (Haloptilus longicornis) and subunit I (Pleuromamma xiphias) from approximately 500 individuals of each species collected on 11 cruises from September 2012 to October 2013 (12–15 generations). Conventional population genetic analyses found no evidence for significant temporal variation across cruises, including results of non‐hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, pairwise ΦST values among cruises, and isolation‐by‐time Mantel tests. Generalized entropies were able to characterize the turnover of rare haplotypic variants through time using q = 0 (haplotype richness), the shifting frequencies of the less common haplotypes using q = 1 (Shannon differentiation), and the general stability of the most abundant haplotypes using q = 2 (Jost's D). With q = 1, mild seasonality was detected in the composition of P. xiphias haplotypes from three summertime cruises, in which both copepodites and adults were included in the analyses. These results highlight the complementary insights that F‐statistics and generalized entropy contribute to characterizing the nuances of population genetic composition through time. This approach may prove particularly useful for unlocking patterns in genomic datasets for marine species.
A functional screening of the kinome identifies the Polo‐like kinase 4 as a potential therapeutic target for malignant rhabdoid tumors, and possibly, other embryonal tumors of the brain
Authors: Sredni Simone Treiger , Suzuki Mario , Yang Jian‐Ping , Topczewski Jacek , Bailey Anders W. , Gokirmak Tufan , Gross Jeffrey N. , de Andrade Alexandre , Kondo Akihide , Piper David R. , Tomita Tadanori 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeMalignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are deadly embryonal tumors of the infancy. With poor survival and modest response to available therapies, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. We hypothesized that a systematic screening of the kinome will reveal kinases that drive rhabdoid tumors and can be targeted by specific inhibitors.MethodsWe individually mutated 160 kinases in a well‐characterized rhabdoid tumor cell line (MON) using lentiviral clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9). The kinase that most significantly impaired cell growth was further validated. Its expression was evaluated by microarray gene expression (GE) within 111 pediatric tumors, and functional assays were performed. A small molecule inhibitor was tested in multiple rhabdoid tumor cell lines and its toxicity evaluated in zebrafish larvae.ResultsThe Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) was identified as the kinase that resulted in higher impairment of cell proliferation when mutated by CRISPR/Cas9. PLK4 CRISPR‐mutated rhabdoid cells demonstrated significant decrease in proliferation, viability, and survival. GE showed upregulation of PLK4 in rhabdoid tumors and other embryonal tumors of the brain. The PLK4 inhibitor CFI‐400945 showed cytotoxic effects on rhabdoid tumor cell lines while sparing non‐neoplastic human fibroblasts and developing zebrafish larvae.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that rhabdoid tumor cell proliferation is highly dependent on PLK4 and suggest that targeting PLK4 with small‐molecule inhibitors may hold a novel strategy for the treatment of MRT and possibly other embryonal tumors of the brain. This is the first time that PLK4 has been described as a potential target for both brain and pediatric tumors.
Effects of endometrial injury on frozen‐thawed blastocyst transfer in hormone replacement cycles
Authors: Matsumoto Yukiko , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether local endometrial injury would improve the pregnancy rates after frozen‐thawed blastocyst transfer in cycles with hormone replacement.MethodsSeventy‐seven patients who were aged <40 years with a history of at least three unsuccessful embryo transfers and who underwent frozen‐thawed blastocyst transfer during hormone replacement cycles between February and June, 2013 were studied. They were allocated into two groups based on the last digit of their clinical record number: an experimental group (n=22), excluding patients who withheld consent or who were unable to undergo treatment, and a control group (n=55). In the experimental group, the endometrium was scratched once with an endometrial sampler during the luteal phase of the cycle preceding the embryo transfer.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 6% in the experimental group and 22% in the control group. Among these, the ongoing pregnancy rate was 100% in the experimental group and 50% in the control group.ConclusionEndometrial injury might increase the pregnancy rates after frozen‐thawed blastocyst transfer and decrease the risk of miscarriage in patients with a history of unsuccessful embryo transfers.
Validation of a Self‐Monitoring Tool for Use in Exercise Therapy
Authors: Powierza Camilla S. , Clark Michael D. , Hughes Jaime M. , Carneiro Kevin A. , Mihalik Jason P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAerobic exercise at a subsymptom heart rate has been recommended as therapy for postconcussion syndrome. Assessing adherence with an accurate heart rate‐monitoring instrument is difficult, limiting the proliferation of large‐scale randomized controlled trials.ObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of the Fitbit Charge HR compared with electrocardiogram (EKG) to monitor heart rate during a treadmill‐based exercise protocol.DesignA methods comparison study.SettingSports medicine research center within a tertiary care institution.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 22 healthy participants (12 female) aged 18‐26 years (mean age: 22 ± 2 years).MethodsFitbit Charge HR heart rate measurements were compared with EKG data concurrently collected while participants completed the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test.Main Outcome MeasuresAgreement between Fitbit Charge HR and EKG was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1), Bland‐Altman limits of agreement, and percent error.ResultsWe observed a strong single‐measure absolute agreement between Fitbit Charge HR and EKG (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.67‐0.90). Fitbit Charge HR underestimated heart rate compared with EKG (mean difference = −6.04 bpm; standard deviation = 10.40 bpm; Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement = −26.42 to 14.35 bpm). A total of 69.9% of Fitbit heart rate measurements were within 10% error compared with EKG, and 91.5% of all heart rate measurements were within 20% error.ConclusionsAlthough the mean bias in measuring heart rate was relatively small, the limits of agreement between the Fitbit Charge HR and EKG were broad. Thus, the Fitbit Charge HR would not be a suitable option for monitoring heart rate within a narrow range. For the purposes of postconcussion exercise therapy, the relatively inexpensive cost, easy implementation, and low maintenance make Fitbit Charge HR a viable option for assessing adherence to an exercise program when expensive clinical equipment is unavailable.Level of EvidenceII
Effects of rotor blade-tip geometry on helicopter trim and control response
Authors: Kumar M. Rohin , Venkatesan C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTFor performance improvement and noise reduction, swept and anhedral tips have been incorporated in advanced-geometry rotor blades. While there are aerodynamic benefits to these advanced tip geometries, they come at the cost of complicated structural design and weight penalties. The effect of these tip shapes on loads, vibration and aeroelastic response are also unclear. In this study, a comprehensive helicopter aeroelastic analysis which includes rotor-fuselage coupling shall be described and the analysis results for rotor blades with straight tip, tip sweep and tip anhedral shall be presented and compared. The helicopter modelled is a conventional one with a hingeless single main rotor and single tail rotor. The blade undergoes flap, lag, torsion and axial deformations. Tip sweep, pretwist, precone, predroop, torque offset and root offset are included in the model. Aerodynamic model includes Peters-He dynamic wake theory for inflow and the modified ONERA dynamic stall theory for airloads calculations. The complete 6-dof nonlinear equilibrium equations of the fuselage are solved for analysing any general flight condition. Response to pilot control inputs is determined by integrating the full set of nonlinear equations of motion with respect to time. The effects of tip sweep and tip anhedral on structural dynamics, trim characteristics and vehicle response to pilot inputs are presented. It is shown that for blades with tip sweep and tip anhedral/dihedral, the 1/rev harmonics of the root loads reduce while the 4/rev harmonics of the hub loads increase in magnitude. Tip dihedral is shown to induce a reversal of yaw rate for lateral and longitudinal cyclic input.
Yealands Wine Group Holdings Limited: A case study
Authors: Pavlovich Kathryn , Connolly Heather , Gibb Jenny , Collins Eva 
Published: April 2017

AbstractYealands Wine Group Holdings Limited has an exciting future and Peter Yealands (founder) and Jason Judkins (CEO) were celebrating. They felt that Yealands was in a strong position going forward and the new partnership with Marlborough Lines offered exciting future possibilities. However, they knew that the company faced many strategic issues that needed to be addressed. They also wanted to ensure that they were able to achieve their growth plans by 2020: lifting sales from 1 to 2 million cases a year, wine processing capacity from 20,000 tonnes to 30,000 tonnes and turnover from $100 million to $150 million. To meet their intended projections, what direction should they grow in? And how?
Ground-penetrating radar measurements of debris thickness on Lirung Glacier, Nepal
Authors: McCARTHY MICHAEL , PRITCHARD HAMISH , WILLIS IAN , KING EDWARD 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSupraglacial debris thickness is a key control on the surface energy balance of debris-covered glaciers, yet debris thickness measurements are sparse due to difficulties of data collection. Here we use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to measure debris thickness on the ablation zone of Lirung Glacier, Nepal. We observe a strong, continuous reflection, which we interpret as the ice surface, through debris layers of 0.1 to at least 2.3 m thick, provided that appropriate acquisition parameters were used while surveying. GPR measurements of debris thickness correlate well with pit measurements of debris thickness (r= 0.91, RMSE = 0.04 m) and two-way travel times are consistent at tie points (r= 0.97). 33% of measurements are <0.5 m, so sub-debris melting is likely important in terms of mass loss on the debris-covered tongue and debris thickness is highly variable over small spatial scales (of order 10 m), likely due to local slope processes. GPR can be used to make debris thickness measurements more quickly, over a wider debris thickness range, and at higher spatial resolution than any other means and is therefore a valuable tool with which to map debris thickness distribution on Himalayan glaciers.
‘Transporting thought’: cultures of balloon flight in Britain, 1784–1785
Authors: DOHERTY CAITLÍN RÓISÍN 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe balloon has long drifted through popular discourse as a symbol of an Enlightenment attitude towards discovery and a Romanticized image of rationality. This article uses two accounts of early British balloon voyages, both published in 1786, and through them attempts to understand the wide range of practices – literary, social, chemical and adventurous – employed by early balloonists in Britain. I argue that the two series of flights recorded by John Jeffries and Vincenzo Lunardi can be read to show two different philosophical ideas of and aspirations for ballooning, each of which is tied to a different British location, and established a different paradigm for the public reception of flight experiments in later years.
Development and characterization of polymorphic genomic-SSR markers in Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Tao Jing , Luo Youqing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), is a wood-borer and polyphagous xylophage that is native to Asia. It infests and seriously harms healthy trees, and therefore is a cause for considerable environmental concern. The analysis of population genetic structure of ALB and sibling species Anoplophora nobilis (Ganglbauer) will not only help to clarify the relationship between environmental variables and mechanisms of speciation, but also will enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes. However, the known genetic markers, particularly microsatellites, are limited for this species. SSRLocator software was used to analyze the distribution and frequencies of genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR), to infer the basic characteristics of repeat motifs, and to design primers. We developed SSR loci of 2–6 repeated units, including 10,650 perfect SSRs, and found 140 types of repeat motifs. A total of 2621 SSR markers were discovered in ALB whole-genome shotgun sequences. 48 pairs of SSR primers were randomly chosen from 2621 SSR markers, and half of these 48 pairs were polymorphic containing 4 di-, 7 tri-, 2 tetra-, and 11-hexamer SSRs. Four populations test the effectiveness of the primers. These results suggest that our method for whole-genome SSR screening is feasible and efficient, and the SSR markers developed in this study are suitable for further population genetics studies of ALB. Moreover, they may also be useful for the development of SSRs for other Coleoptera.
The Americanization of Canadian Political Science? The Doctoral Training of Canadian Political Science Faculty
Authors: Albaugh Quinn M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFifty years ago, Canadian political science (CPS) debated whether there was an “Americanization problem” in the discipline. Today, the idea does not have the same force. This article revisits the debate by focusing on one of the main points of concerns: the doctoral training of CPS faculty. The article presents an original dataset of tenure and tenure-track faculty at CPS departments. It then provides analysis of where these tenure and tenure-track faculty received their doctorates, by sub-field and rank, paying particular attention to the country of doctoral training. Unlike fifty years ago, Canadian-trained scholars form a much larger share of the professoriate. There is no evidence of a trend towards more American-trained scholars among recent hires of assistant professors. However, the results also suggest a continuing status hierarchy between the two countries. It concludes by arguing that CPS needs to be more reflective about its position within this status hierarchy.
Dinosaur footprints in the Early Jurassic of Patagonia (Marifil Volcanic Complex, Argentina): biochronological and palaeobiogeographical inferences
Authors: DÍAZ-MARTÍNEZ IGNACIO , GONZÁLEZ SANTIAGO N. , DE VALAIS SILVINA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new dinosaurian track-bearing site, with tridactyl footprints from the Lower Jurassic (pre-middle Pliensbachian) volcanogenic and epiclastic rocks of the Marifil Volcanic Complex, Patagonia, Argentina, is presented and described. The best-preserved footprint, classified as cf. Anomoepus, confirms the utility of the Anomoepus-like tracks for the Early Jurassic biochronology. Palaeobiogeographically, this record supports the idea that the South American Early Jurassic dinosaur fauna presents elements of Pangaean distribution, and others with Gondwanan relationships with prevalent southern African affinities. Dinosaur records from South America between the Rhaetian and the Pliensbachian are very scarce, and this find contributes to the knowledge of early radiation and evolution of Dinosauria.
Carbonate carbon isotope evolution of seawater across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evidence from the Keping area, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: GUO QINGJUN , DENG YINAN , HU JIAN , WANG LIYUAN 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSedimentary rocks from the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary record important biological, climatic and geotectonic changes during this time. To date, only few geochemical investigations on the upper Ediacaran – upper Cambrian rocks in the Tarim Basin have been carried out. Here, we report high-resolution δ13Ccarb records from the Penglaiba, the Wushi phosphorite and the Dongergou sections from Ediacaran–Cambrian Series 3 in the Keping area of the Tarim Basin. The sections display several obvious δ13Ccarb shifts; δ13Ccarb values increased from 3‰ to 6.7‰ across the Qigebulage Formation. Moreover, a negative δ13Ccarb shift across the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary is apparent; δ13Ccarb values decreased to a minimum of −9.8‰ in the Wushi phosphorite section (−7.7‰ in Dongergou section and −5.4‰ in Penglaiba section), followed by a positive carbonate carbon isotopic excursion across the Yuertusi Formation into the middle of the overlying Xiaoerbulak Formation. Furthermore, more or less invariable positive δ13Ccarb values characterize the middle and upper Xiaoerbulak Formation. The most negative δ13Ccarb value (−14.3‰) occurred near the base of the Shayilik Formation, which is the absolute minimum value among the studied sections of the Cambrian Series 2 to Cambrian Series 3 transition in the world. The δ13C data from Keping, Tarim Basin are in good agreement with carbon isotope profiles recorded in South China, and these events may reflect the perturbation of the carbon cycle in the Tarim Basin during the Ediacaran–Cambrian and the Cambrian Series 2 – Cambrian Series 3 transitions.
Resource Conflict Resolution in China
Authors: Zhan Jing Vivian , Ming Zeng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMineral resource extraction has frequently caused social tensions in China. This research examines the reactive and pre-emptive strategies used by the Chinese state to cope with resource conflicts. Based on extensive fieldwork in multiple mining areas, we find that the Chinese local state actively mediates between the mining sector and local citizens, and skilfully suppresses collective protests. More importantly, it pre-emptively intervenes in dispute-prone processes and redistributes resource wealth to create vested interests and mitigate popular grievances. We argue that the active state intervention in resource conflicts in China is driven by the party-state's tight control of local officials, which prevents local capture by resource interests, and enabled by the party-state's deep reach into society, which allows grassroots governments to negotiate between conflicting interests and mobilize resources towards conflict resolution.
Snow and Rain Modify Neighbourhood Walkability for Older Adults
Authors: Clarke Philippa , Hirsch Jana A. , Melendez Robert , Winters Meghan , Sims Gould Joanie , Ashe Maureen , Furst Sarah , McKay Heather 
Published: April 2017

RÉSUMÉLa littérature a documenté une relation positive entre la mobilité à l’extérieur chez les personnes âgées et les environnements bâtisables et marchables. Cependant, étonnamment, toute considération de la façon dont le temps modifie l’accessibilité piétonnière à travers les quartiers est absente. À Vancouver, au Canada, on a utilisé des données météorologiques archivées liées à des données recueillies auprès d’un échantillon d’aînés. On a constaté que, lorsqu’il neige, les quartiers où l’on dépend d’automobiles (comportant des blocs plus longs, moins d’intersections et une plus grande distance aux commodités) sont devenus inaccessibles. Même les adultes plus âgés qui vivaient dans les quartiers qui étaient très bien adaptés au traffic pietonnier marchait à 25 pour cent moins de destinations pendant la neige. Il est essentiel de tenir compte de l’impact des conditions météorologiques dans la relation entre la marchabilité des quartiers et la mobilité des personnes âgées.