bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosome reconstitution therapy: A biologic rescue from cystic fibrosis
Authors: Won Jin Cho , Vo Ha , Zhao Yongxin , Taatjes Douglas J. , Jena Bhanu P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene that codes for a chloride transporting channel at the cell plasma membrane. In CF, highly viscous mucus is secreted in the airways preventing its clearance, leading to lung infections and respiratory failure. A major challenge in treating CF patients has been the presence of more than 2,000 different CFTR mutations or due to the absence of CFTR expression. CFTR is among the 34 major proteins composing the 100 nm porosome secretory machinery in the human airway epithelia, involved in mucin secretion. The airways is coated with a thin film of mucus, composed primarily of mucin MUC5AC and MUC5B. Sputum from patients with CF show a >70% decrease in MUC5B and MUC5AC secretion. Our studies using differentiated 3D cultures of human airway epithelial cell line, also demonstrate loss of both chloride and mucus secretion following exposure to CFTR inhibitors thiazolidinone 172 or the hydrazide GlyH101. Our studies show that human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells with ΔF508 CFTR mutation, affects nearly a dozen porosome proteins including CFTR. Therefore, we hypothesized that the introduction of normal functional porosomes carrying wild type CFTR into the cell plasma membrane of CF cells would rescue from all forms of CF. Air liquid interface (ALI) 3D differentiated HBE WT-CFTR cells and ΔF508-CFTR CF HBE cell cultures mimicking normal lung physiology, responding to CFTR inhibitors and CF corrector and modulator drugs Tezacaftor, Ivacaftor and TRIKAFTA, was used in the study. Introduction of functional porosome complexes obtained from WT-CFTR HBE cells into the plasma membrane (PM) of ΔF508-CFTR CF cells, was demonstrated by an increase in PM-associated CFTR using Magnify expansion microscopy. Mucin secretion assays demonstrate porosome reconstitution to restore mucin secretion more than twice as effectively as TRIKAFTA. These results are further supported by preliminary nasal potential different studies in ΔF508 mice, where treatment of the nasal passage with porosome isolates from WT-CFTR HBE cells, restore chloride secretion in the nasal passage of mice, a further validation of the highly effective porosome reconstitution therapy for CF.
Genomic approach to studying the relationship between the CRISPR/Cas system and multidrug resistance in clinical isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Owaid Hekmat A. , Al-Ouqaili Mushtak T.S. , Al-Marzooq Farah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundGene editing techniques have been identified as potential tools to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and associated sequences (Cas) can be key players in this process. Their presence in bacteria can impact the success of this technology in combating AMR. The aim of this study is to investigate whether CRISPR loci are associated by multidrug, extensive drug, or pan-drug resistance inKlebsiella pneumoniaefrom Iraq.MethodsAntibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 100 isolates to detect patterns of resistance. PCR was used to investigate CRISPR/Cas systems. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on relevant isolates using a DNA nanoball sequencing platform.ResultsOut of 81K. pneumoniaeisolates, 81% were resistant to antibiotics, with 71% producing ESBLs and 21% producing carbapenemases. Additionally, 53% were MDR, 19% XDR, and 9% PDR. Complete CRISPR/Cas systems were found in 38% of isolates, while 78% had incomplete systems. Furthermore, intact CRISPR-1, CRISPR2, and CRISPR3 types were found in 27.0%, 34%, and 18.0% of the isolates, respectively. An inverse correlation was found between antibiotic resistance levels and the presence of CRISPR/Cas systems. Two carbapenemase-producingK. pneumoniae(XDR and PDR) isolates were characterized by WGS. They were found to be carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 genes with additional resistance genes against various antibiotic classes, in addition to CRISPR/Cas systems. Phylogenetic analysis indicated relationships with United Kingdom and Chinese strains. Furthermore, the entire genome revealed the presence of unique virulence and antibiotic resistance genes inKlebsiella pneumoniae.ConclusionAn inverse relationship was found between CRISPR/Cas systems and antimicrobial resistance inK. pneumoniae.The discovery of blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 genes in Iraqi strains is alarming as this can increase the risk of nosocomial outbreaks. This study elucidates the importance of monitoring CRISPR/Cas systems and antimicrobial resistance for more efficient control and prevention of infection in healthcare settings.
Cardiac Fibroblasts regulate myocardium and coronary vasculature development via the collagen signaling pathway
Authors: Deng Yiting , He Yuanhang , Xu Juan , He Haoting , Zhang Manling , Li Guang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fibroblast (FB), cardiomyocyte (CM), and vascular endothelial cell (Vas_EC) are the three major cell types in the heart, yet their relationships during development are largely unexplored. To address this gap, we employed RNA staining of the FB marker geneCol1a1together with the CM marker geneActn2and the Vas_EC marker geneCdh5at different stages. This approach enabled us to discern the anatomical pattern of cardiac FBs and identify approximately one EC and four CMs directly interacting with each FB. Molecularly, through the analysis of single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, we unveiled collagen as the top signaling molecule derived from FBs influencing CM and Vas_EC development. Subsequently, we used a Pdgfra-CreER controlled diphtheria toxin A (DTA) system to ablate the FBs at different stages. We found that the ablation of FBs disrupted myocardium and vasculature development and led to embryonic heart defects. Using scRNA-seq, we further profiled the ablated hearts and identified molecular defects in their ventricular CMs and Vas_ECs compared to control hearts. Moreover, we identified a reduction of collagen in the ablated hearts and predicted collagen as the major signaling pathway regulating the differentially expressed genes in the ablated ventricular CMs. Finally, we performed both short-term and long-term fibroblast ablation at the neonatal stage. We found that short-term ablation caused a reduction in collagen and Vas_EC density, while long-term ablation may induce compensatory collagen expression without causing heart function reduction. In summary, our study has identified the function of fibroblasts in regulating myocardium and vasculature development and implicated an important role for the collagen pathway in this process.
Insights on the obstacles, challenges, and complexities of engaging youth in urban planning in Jordan: assessment and recommendations
Authors: Zeadat Zayed F. , Haddad Naif Adel 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis paper comprehensively investigates the lack of youth involvement in the intricate tapestry of urban policymaking in the Jordanian context. It attempts to present and illustrate the obstacles, challenges, hindrances and complexities facing engaging youth in urban planning in Jordan. Participants aged 18–24 were the primary focus of the investigation, as Jordan's population is predominantly youthful, with approximately 70% of the population under the age of 30.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology adopted in this study is a mixed-methods approach, which integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analytical techniques to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the research problem.FindingsYouth involvement in Jordan's urban policymaking is limited and inconsistent. Most notably, the prevalence of adultism emerges as the predominant and most substantive impediment, exerting a considerable influence on constraining the agency of young Jordanians in shaping urban policy.Research limitations/implicationsDetailed examples can be developed to offer discerning elucidations relevant to each frame of reference.Practical implicationsA total of 12 discernible barriers emerged from a systematic deductive thematic analysis of primary data.Originality/valueThis comprehensive inquiry highlights the pervasive gaps in support for youth participation in urban policymaking within the administrative framework and across Jordanian society. Subsequent quantitative analysis was employed to strengthen the external validity of the research findings, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the qualitative insights. By employing Jordan as a case study, this paper significantly contributes to the expanding corpus of scholarly work on planning processes and practices within the Global South and the Arab world.
A compound reconfigurable series-fed microstrip antenna for satellite communication applications
Authors: Alsharif Fawzy , Kurnaz Cetin 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to present an innovative reconfigurable series-fed microstrip antenna using radiofrequency positive intrinsic negative (RF PIN) diodes for cognitive S-band and C-band satellite communications. The antenna can dynamically reconfigure its frequency, polarization and radiation pattern to meet diverse application needs.

Design/methodology/approach
The design involves a reconfigurable four-element microstrip antenna using FR4 substrate and copper patches. RF PIN diodes enable dynamic frequency, polarization and radiation pattern reconfiguration. Simulations and optimizations are performed using CST and HFSS, using techniques like the Nelder-Mead algorithm, particle swarm optimization, covariance matrix adaptation and trust region framework. An antenna prototype is also fabricated to validate the simulations.

Findings
The proposed antenna demonstrates significant reconfigurability: it switches between S-band (2.45 GHz, 2.52 GHz) and C-band (5.55 GHz, 5.59 GHz) with bandwidths of 120 MHz and 550 MHz, respectively. It transitions between circular and linear polarization in the S-band and modifies the radiation pattern by 45 degrees, providing an alternative radiation direction in the C-band. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 5.95 dBi at 2.52 GHz and 93% efficiency at 5.55 GHz. Simulated results closely match those from the fabricated prototype, confirming the design’s validity.

Originality/value
The innovative use of RF PIN diodes enables comprehensive reconfigurability in frequency, polarization and radiation patterns within a single microstrip antenna, meeting the demands of S-band and C-band satellite communications. This study demonstrates superior performance, significant gains and efficiencies across various reconfiguration modes, validated by rigorous simulation and practical fabrication. The simple structural design further distinguishes this study from others in the field.
Traversing the complexity of digital construction and beyond through soft skills: experiences of Malaysian architects
Authors: Shahruddin Syafizal , Sonet Ungku Norani , Azmi Athira , Zainordin Nadzirah 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe evolution of digital construction within Industrial Revolution 5.0 emphasises the harmonious integration of humans and technology, value-driven technology implementation, adaptive leadership and user-centric design solutions. This shift necessitates architects to enhance their soft skills to navigate the transition effectively. Failure to demonstrate these skills may confine architects to passive roles as technology consumers rather than innovative leaders. While existing research predominantly focuses on the technical aspects of digital construction, this study investigates how architects effectively manifest their soft skills within such dynamic contexts, addressing a critical gap in the current literature.Design/methodology/approachEmploying an interpretive phenomenological approach, the research engaged 14 individual architects practicing in architectural consultancy practices (ACPs) in Malaysia through semi-structured interviews and written exercises to unveil their experiences.FindingsThematic analysis revealed six primary themes: “analytical and critical thinking,” “digital communication,” “diversity in leadership styles,” “emotional intelligence,” “ethics and professionalism,” and “curiosity and agility.”Practical implicationsFurthermore, the developed thematic map serves as a foundational resource for human resource practices aiming to design upskilling and reskilling programs that focus on nurturing soft skills. Emphasising soft skills, these programs are designed to thrive in the digital construction era and beyond.Originality/valueThese shared experiences significantly contribute to the theoretical understanding of soft skills within the digital construction context, providing novel insights into their practical application when addressing real-world implications.
A novel approach for integrating BIM and green building rating systems in the construction projects design phase
Authors: Arbabi Alireza , Taherkhani Roohollah , Ansari Ramin 
Published: September 2024

PurposeWith the advancement of technology and more attention to environmental issues, building information modeling (BIM) and green building have become two new and growing trends in the construction industry. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy that integrates BIM and green building rating assessments with an emphasis on Iran Green Building Rating System (IGBRS).Design/methodology/approachBy creating a Revit-IGBRS project template that includes sheets related to all credits, the project compliance with the IGBRS credits and management of submittal documents for certification has been facilitated. Finally, a case study of the materials and resources category of the IGBRS system was performed to validate the BIM-IGBRS application model. All 8 criteria of this category were examined by using Dynamo programming for the Revit sample project.FindingsA practical model for BIM and IGBRS integration is presented, which allows designers to be aware of the IGBRS scores obtained before the project’s construction phase and examine different scenarios for the highest scores. Overall, this study showed that integrating BIM and the Iranian rating system is possible with some constraints, and adding some features to BIM software can promote this integration.Originality/valueGiven that no study has been conducted on the integration of BIM with the Iran Green Building Rating System (IGBRS), the present research investigates utilizing building information modeling to meet the credits requirements of this rating system. The results of this research can be generalized and used in other green rating systems.
Blockchain-enhanced computer vision approach for remote safety inspection in construction
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Yang Jaehun , Lee Doyeop , Lee Dongmin , Rahimian Farzad , Park Chansik 
Published: September 2024

PurposeComputer vision (CV) offers a promising approach to transforming the conventional in-person inspection practices prevalent within the construction industry. However, the reliance on centralized systems in current CV-based inspections introduces a vulnerability to potential data manipulation. Unreliable inspection records make it challenging for safety managers to make timely decisions to ensure safety compliance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a blockchain (BC) and CV-based framework to enhance safety inspections at construction sites.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a BC-enhanced CV approach. By leveraging CV and BC, safety conditions are automatically identified from site images and can be reliably recorded as safety inspection data through the BC network. Additionally, by using this data, smart contracts coordinate inspection tasks, assign responsibilities and verify safety performance, managing the entire safety inspection process remotely.FindingsA case study confirms the framework’s applicability and efficacy in facilitating remote and reliable safety inspections. The proposed framework is envisaged to greatly improve current safety inspection practices and, in doing so, contribute to reduced accidents and injuries in the construction industry.Originality/valueThis study provides novel and practical guidance for integrating CV and BC in construction safety inspection. It fulfills an identified need to study how to leverage CV-based inspection results for remotely managing the safety inspection process using BC. This work not only takes a significant step towards data-driven decision-making in the safety inspection process, but also paves the way for future studies aiming to develop tamper-proof data management systems for industrial inspections and audits.
Impacts of adverse environmental factors on construction workers' attention allocation during hazard identification: a study of noise and heat exposure
Authors: Ouyang Yewei , Huang Guoqing , He Shiyi 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThere are many safety hazards in construction workplaces, and inattention to the hazards is the main reason why construction workers failed to identify the hazards. Reasonably allocating attention during hazard identification is critical for construction workers’ safety. However, adverse working environments in job sites may undermine workers’ attention. Previous studies failed to investigate the impacts of environmental factors on attention allocation, which hinders taking appropriate measures to eliminate safety incidents when encountering adverse working environments. This study aims to examine the effects of workplace noise and heat exposure on workers’ attention allocation during construction hazard identification to fill the research gap.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied an experimental study where a within-subject experiment was designed. Fifteen construction workers were invited to perform hazard identification tasks in panoramic virtual reality. They were exposed to three noise levels (60, 85 and 100 dBA) in four thermal conditions (26°C, 50% RH; 33°C, 50% RH; 30°C, 70% RH; 33°C, 70% RH). Their eye movements were recorded to indicate their attention allocation under each condition.FindingsThe results show that noise exposure reduced workers’ attention to hazardous areas and the impacts increased with the noise level. Heat exposure also reduced the attention, but it did not increase with the heat stress but with subjects’ thermal discomfort. The attention was impacted more by noise than heat exposure. Noise exposure in the hot climate should be more noteworthy because lower levels of noise would lead to significant changes. These visual characteristics led to poorer identification accuracy.Originality/valueThis study could extend the understanding of the relationship between adverse environmental factors and construction safety. Understanding the intrinsic reasons for workers' failed identification may also provide insights for the industry to enhance construction safety under adverse environments.
The environmental impact of the entire renovation process of urban aged residential buildings in China
Authors: Peng Zhen , Sun Qihan , Li Pei , Sun Fengjiao , Ren Shaoyang , Guan Rui 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study aims to assess carbon emissions in urban aged residential buildings in Qingdao, Shandong Province, constructed prior to 2000, and to evaluate retrofitting and rebuilding strategies for potential carbon reduction.Design/methodology/approachField investigations and literature reviews were conducted to identify key factors influencing carbon emissions, such as shape coefficient, window-to-wall ratio and envelope structure. A combination of generalization and mathematical statistical methods was used to classify buildings based on construction year, form, structural type and energy-saving goals. Cluster analysis was employed to extract six typical building models.FindingsResults demonstrate that building form complexity positively correlates with carbon emissions per unit area, while longer lifespans reduce emission intensity. Retrofitting exhibits shorter carbon payback periods (1.62–3.92 years) than rebuilding (18.7–49.94 years), indicating superior environmental performance. Pre-1986 buildings are advised for demolition/rebuilding due to limited retrofit benefits. For 1986–1995 buildings, retrofitting is recommended if structurally viable. Post-1996 buildings favor retrofitting over new construction for its shorter payback and lower emissions, enhancing long-term carbon reduction.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of carbon emissions in urban aged residential buildings by considering various factors and providing specific recommendations for retrofitting and rebuilding strategies tailored to different construction periods. Additionally, it highlights the importance of building form complexity and remaining lifespan in determining carbon emissions, offering insights for sustainable urban development and carbon reduction initiatives.
Movement behavior of oil droplet on porous surfaces under the influence of orifice structure
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Zhang Zan , Wang Zhaochang , Sun Yanhong , Tong Baohong , Tu Deyu 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The lubricating fluid stored in the porous matrix will spontaneously exude to supplement the lubricating film in the damaged area, thus ensuring the long-term self-lubricating function of the porous surface. To reveal the repair mechanism of oil film, it is necessary to understand the flow characteristics of oil in micropores. The purpose of this study guides the design of micropore structure to realize the rapid exudation of oil to the porous surface and the rapid repair of the lubricating film.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, cylindrical orifice, convergent orifice and divergent orifice were studied. The numerical model of lubricating oil exudation in micropores was established. The distribution characteristics of oil pressure, velocity and three-phase contact line in the process of oil exudation were investigated. The effects of different orifice shapes and orifice structure parameters on the pinning and spreading characteristics of oil droplet were analyzed. Then the internal mechanisms of oil droplet formation and spread on the orifice surface were summarized.

Findings
The results show that during the process of oil exudation, the three-phase contact line of the oil drop is pinned once at the edge of the cylindrical and convergent orifice. Compared with the three orifice structures, the inlet pressure of the oil drop is low, and the oil velocity at the pinning point is stable in the divergent orifice. Resulting in favorable oil exudation. It is easier for oil droplet to depin by appropriately reducing the wall wetting angle, increasing the aperture or controlling the wall inclination angle. Ensure the self-healing and long-lasting lubrication film of porous oil-bearing surfaces.

Practical implications
The effect of pore structure on the flow behavior of lubricating fluid has always been concerned. But the mechanism by which different orifice shape affect the pinning behavior of oil droplets is not yet clear, which is crucial for understanding the self-healing mechanism of oil films on porous surfaces. It is meaningful to analyze the mechanism of oil exudation and spreading on the porous surface of oil in the special orifice, to optimize the design of the orifice structure.

Originality/value
Orifice shape has influence on internal flow field parameters. There is no report on the influence of orifice shape on the film formation process of oil seepage and diffusion from pores. The effects of different orifice shapes and orifice structure parameters on the characteristics of oil droplet pinning and diffusion were studied.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2024-0118/