bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease biomarker‐guided diagnostic workflow using the added value of six combined cerebrospinal fluid candidates: Aβ1–42, total‐tau, phosphorylated‐tau, NFL, neurogranin, and YKL‐40
Authors: Hampel Harald , Toschi Nicola , Baldacci Filippo , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Kilimann Ingo , Teipel Stefan J. , Cavedo Enrica , Melo dos Santos Antonio , Epelbaum Stéphane , Lamari Foudil , Genthon Remy , Dubois Bruno , Floris Roberto , Garaci Francesco , Lista Simone ,   Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI)
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe diagnostic and classificatory performances of all combinations of three core (amyloid β peptide [i.e., Aβ1–42], total tau [t‐tau], and phosphorylated tau) and three novel (neurofilament light chain protein, neurogranin, and YKL‐40) cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration were compared among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (n = 41), Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD; n = 35), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 9), and cognitively healthy controls (HC; n = 21), using 10‐fold cross‐validation.MethodsThe combinations ranking in the top 10 according to diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between distinct diagnostic categories were identified.ResultsThe single biomarkers or biomarker combinations generating the best area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) were the following: the combination [amyloid β peptide + phosphorylated tau + neurofilament light chain] for distinguishing between ADD patients and HC (AUROC = 0.86), t‐tau for distinguishing between ADD and FTD patients (AUROC = 0.82), and t‐tau for distinguishing between FTD patients and HC (AUROC = 0.78).ConclusionsNovel and established cerebrospinal fluid markers perform with at least fair accuracy in the discrimination between ADD and FTD. The classification of mild cognitive impairment individuals was poor.
Approximating 3D surfaces using generalized waterbomb tessellations
Authors: Zhao Yan , Endo Yuki , Kanamori Yoshihiro , Mitani Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrigami has received much attention in geometry, mathematics, and engineering due to its potential to construct 3D developable shapes from designed crease patterns on a flat sheet. Waterbomb tessellation, which is one type of traditional origami consisting of a set of waterbomb bases, has been used to create geometrically appealing 3D shapes and been widely studied. In this paper, we propose a method for approximating target surfaces, which are parametric surfaces of varying or constant curvatures, using generalized waterbomb tessellations. First, we generate a base mesh by tiling the target surface using waterbomb bases. Then, by applying a simple numerical optimization algorithm to the base mesh, we achieve a developable waterbomb tessellation, which can be developed onto a plane without stretching. We provide a prototype system using which the user can adjust the resolution of the tessellation and modify waterbomb bases. Our work could expand the exploration of building developable 3D structures using origami.Highlights Generalizing waterbomb tessellations to fit target 3D parametric surfaces. Achieving developable tessellations by a simple numerical optimization algorithm. Non-axisymmetric or non-orientable resulting approximations are demonstrated.
The effectiveness of interprofessional education in healthcare: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guraya Salman Yousuf , Barr Hugh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) emphasizes collaborative practice that aims at promoting the working relationships between two or more healthcare professions. However, there is paucity of literature about the effectiveness of IPE program in the healthcare. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to objectively determine the effectiveness of IPE in that field in terms of the improvement of students' knowledge, skills and attitudes. The databases of OVID, ISI Knowledge of Science, and Medline (PubMed) were searched for the full‐text English language articles published during 2000–2016 using the MeSH terms “interprofessional education” AND “healthcare professionals” AND “multi‐professional” AND “impact” AND “effectiveness” OR “collaborative practice” OR “medical students” in Endnote X7. A systematic search finally selected 12 articles for detailed review and meta‐analysis. The effect summary value of 1.37 with confidence interval of 0.92–1.82 identifies statistically significant effectiveness of intervention by IPE program in healthcare. The Z test value of 5.99, significant at 5% level of significance, also shows a significant impact of IPE intervention as calculated by the random‐effects model. This meta‐analysis shows a positive impact and effectiveness of educational intervention by IPE program in various disciplines of healthcare. However, analysis of further clinical trials may be helpful in identifying the effect of IPE program on the students' clinical competence.
SMOOTHING POISSON COMMON FACTOR MODEL FOR PROJECTING MORTALITY JOINTLY FOR BOTH SEXES
Authors: Pitt David , Li Jackie , Lim Tian Kang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe consider a modification to the Poisson common factor model and utilise a generalised linear model (GLM) framework that incorporates a smoothing process and a set of linear constraints. We extend the standard GLM model structure to adopt Lagrange methods and P-splines such that smoothing and constraints are applied simultaneously as the parameters are estimated. Our results on Australian, Canadian and Norwegian data show that this modification results in an improvement in mortality projection in terms of producing more accurate forecasts in the out-of-sample testing. At the same time, projected male-to-female ratio of death rates at each age converges to a constant and the residuals of the models are sufficiently random, indicating that the use of smoothing does not adversely affect the fit of the model. Further, the irregular patterns in the estimates of the age-specific parameters are moderated as a result of smoothing and this model can be used to produce more regular projected life tables for pricing purposes.
KRULL DIMENSION IN MODAL LOGIC
Authors: BEZHANISHVILI GURAM , BEZHANISHVILI NICK , LUCERO-BRYAN JOEL , VAN MILL JAN 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe develop the theory of Krull dimension forS4-algebras and Heyting algebras. This leads to the concept of modal Krull dimension for topological spaces. We compare modal Krull dimension to other well-known dimension functions, and show that it can detect differences between topological spaces that Krull dimension is unable to detect. We prove that for aT1-space to have a finite modal Krull dimension can be described by an appropriate generalization of the well-known concept of a nodec space. This, in turn, can be described by modal formulaszemnwhich generalize the well-known Zeman formulazem. We show that the modal logicS4.Zn:=S4+ zemnis the basic modal logic ofT1-spaces of modal Krull dimension ≤n, and we construct a countable dense-in-itselfω-resolvable Tychonoff spaceZnof modal Krull dimensionnsuch thatS4.Znis complete with respect toZn. This yields a version of the McKinsey-Tarski theorem forS4.Zn. We also show that no logic in the interval [S4n+1S4.Zn) is complete with respect to any class ofT1-spaces.
BDNF and NRG1 polymorphisms and temperament in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-treated patients with major depression
Authors: Andre Kadri , Kampman Olli , Viikki Merja , Setälä-Soikkeli Eija , Illi Ari , Mononen Nina , Lehtimäki Terho , Leinonen Esa 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveWe investigated the separate effects of and possible interactions between the functional polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs11030101, BDNF rs61888800, and neuregulin-1 (NRG1) rs3924999 and NRG1 rs6994992 on change of temperament scores in a clinical sample of subjects with major depression (MDD), who received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for a period of 6 weeks.MethodsThe study population consisted of 98 Finnish individuals with MDD. They were assessed by the 107-item Temperament and Character Inventory temperament questionnaire (version IX) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). In general linear univariate models (GLM) for novelty seeking (NS) or reward dependence (RD) change age, gender, MADRS score change and BDNF and NRG1 genotypes were used as explaining explanatory variables.ResultsMean comparisons between corresponding temperament dimensions and genotypes showed significant differences between NS change and BDNF rs61888800 T-carrying status (mean difference: GG 0.30, GT/TT 2.47, p=0.022, t-test) and between RD change and NRG1 rs3924999 A-carrying status (mean difference: GG 1.21, GA/AA −0.33, p=0.003). In GLM models for NS change the significant predictors comprised BDNF rs61888800 T-carrying status, age and MADRS score change (model 1), and additionally NRG1 rs6994992 T-carrying status (model 2). For RD change the predictors included NRG1 rs3924999 A-carrying status, age and MADRS score change (model 1) and additionally gender (model 2).ConclusionAccording to the current results both BDNF and NRG1 are associated with temperament traits during depression. These results warrant further studies regarding the impact of this association on depression recovery.
Coexistence, habitat associations and puparia description of three dipteran species of the Family Carnidae
Authors: Valera Francisco , Veiga Jesús , Sandoval Alba , Moreno Eulalia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDifferentiation of niche by means of resource partitioning facilitates coexistence of species with similar requirements. Here we analyse the association between different habitats (i.e. nest types) and two Diptera species of the poorly known Family Carnidae that coexist during their larval and pupal stage in the nests of troglodytic bird species. We also describe for the first time the puparium ofHemeromyia anthracinaandHemeromyia longirostrisand offer morphometric data of the puparia of these two species and ofCarnus hemapterus. Both the smaller size and the occurrence of well-developed spiracles allow easy discrimination of the puparium ofC. hemapterus. The puparia of bothHemeromyiaspecies is very similar and only differ in the distance between the small spiracles.Hemeromyia anthracinaandC. hemapteruscoexisted in nest boxes but the former species did not occur in natural sandy cavities where, in turn,C. hemapteruswas highly prevalent.Carnus hemapterusprevalence did not differ between nest boxes and natural cavities but its abundance was higher in the first type of nest. This study shows clear associations of the two dipteran species with specific types of nests. Yet, some conditions are seemingly acceptable for both species.
‘Pure water’ in Niamey, Niger: the backstory of sachet water in a landscape of waste
Authors: Keough Sara Beth , Youngstedt Scott M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines the commodity chain and value chain of half-litre water bags (referred to as ‘pure water’ or ‘sachet water’) in Niamey, Niger. We begin with a focus on the discarded bag and work backwards through the commodity chain to consumers, vendors and finally producers of ‘pure water’ to reveal the underlying power structures, cultural perceptions and assumptions that ultimately resulted in the discarded bag and landscapes of waste. We assert that the economic value of the plastic bag, largely assigned during the stages of its production, is based on four characteristics: the label, the temperature of the water, the time of year it is sold, and the apparent ‘purity’ of the water. We further demonstrate how characteristics of economic value are steeped in cultural perceptions and social relationships in Niamey. Using interviews with agents and actors at all levels of the commodity chain, we reveal how this local, hybrid system is connected to and affected by larger, global economic and political forces.
Childhood interpersonal violence and adult alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders: variation by race/ethnicity?
Authors: Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Sartor Carolyn E. , Werner Kimberly B. , Koenen Karestan C. , Grant Bridget F. , Hasin Deborah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundExposure to child maltreatment has been shown to increase lifetime risk for substance use disorders (SUD). However, this has not been systematically examined among race/ethnic groups, for whom rates of exposure to assaultive violence and SUD differ. This study examined variation by race/ethnicity and gender in associations of alcohol (AUD), cannabis (CUD), and tobacco (TUD) use disorders with three types of childhood interpersonal violence (cIPV): physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing parental violence.MethodData from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol-Related Conditions-III (N: 36 309), a US nationally representative sample, was utilized to examine associations of DSM-5 AUD, CUD and TUD with cIPV among men and women of five racial/ethnic groups. Models were adjusted for additional risk factors (e.g. parental substance use problems, participant's co-occurring SUD).ResultsIndependent contributions of childhood physical and sexual abuse to AUD, CUD, and TUD, and of witnessing parental violence to AUD and TUD were observed. Associations of cIPV and SUD were relatively similar across race/ethnicity and gender [Odds Ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.1 to 1.9], although associations of physical abuse with AUD and TUD were greater among males, associations of parental violence and AUD were greater among females, and associations of parental violence with AUD were greater among Hispanic women and American Indian men.ConclusionsGiven the paucity of research in this area, and the potential identification of modifiable risk factors to reduce the impact of childhood interpersonal violence on SUDs, further research and consideration of tailoring prevention and intervention efforts to different populations are warranted.
Low resting heart rate, sensation seeking and the course of antisocial behaviour across adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Hammerton Gemma , Heron Jon , Mahedy Liam , Maughan Barbara , Hickman Matthew , Murray Joseph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow resting heart rate (RHR) is a consistent biological correlate of antisocial behaviour (ASB), however potential mechanisms have been largely unexplored. We hypothesise that lower RHR will be associated with higher ASB levels in mid-adolescence and persistence into adulthood, and that these associations will be explained, in part, by sensation seeking and callous-unemotional traits.MethodsASB was assessed repeatedly with young people from ages 15 to 21 years in a population-based birth cohort (ALSPAC). A longitudinal trajectory was derived and showed ASB decreasing across adolescence before stabilising in early adulthood. RHR was recorded at age 12 years, and mediators were assessed at age 14 years.ResultsAfter adjusting for socio-demographic confounders, there was evidence for a total effect of RHR on ASB levels in mid-adolescence [b(95% CI) = −0.08 (−0.14 to −0.02)], reflecting 0.08 more types of antisocial activity in the last year per 10 fewer heart beats per minute. This effect was almost entirely explained through sensation seeking [b(95% CI) = −0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04)]. After additionally adjusting for child and parent-related confounders, all effects weakened; however, there was still evidence of an indirect effect of RHR, via sensation seeking, on ASB levels in mid-adolescence [b(95% CI) = −0.01 (−0.03 to −0.003)]. There was no evidence for a total effect of RHR on ASB levels in early adulthood, and weak evidence of an indirect effect, via sensation seeking [b(95% CI) = −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.00)].ConclusionsLower RHR in childhood was associated with higher ASB levels in mid-adolescence, indirectly via sensation seeking.
Defining functional groups and their vulnerability to the edge effect in a peri-urban forest in Mexico City
Authors: SANTIBÁÑEZ-ANDRADE GABRIELA , GRANADOS-PELÁEZ CARLOS , GARCÍA-ROMERO ARTURO 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThe expansion of human settlements and primary-sector activities (agriculture and forestry) has resulted in the fragmentation of forests, but the impacts of this are still poorly understood. We examined the effect of patch size on the presence of plant functional groups along an edge–interior gradient. Plant species were classified based on a two-way indicator species analysis in order to determine their establishment thresholds and vulnerability along the gradient, while detrended correspondence analyses and canonical correspondence analyses were performed to identify environmental gradients related to vegetation distribution. Two groups of plant species were recognized in all patch sizes: one commonly found towards the edge and the other in the interior zone. The incidence of these groups was correlated with environmental factors associated with the edge–interior gradient, mainly with humidity, soil moisture and light (canopy opening and global site factor) in the edge zone and with litter cover, depth of litter, slope and soil and air temperature in the interior zone. Identifying the species’ threshold responses to fragmentation is key, as they provide tools to prevent the potential local extinction of species.
Population-based seroprevalence of Puumala hantavirus in Finland: smoking as a risk factor
Authors: Latronico F. , Mäki S. , Rissanen H. , Ollgren J. , Lyytikäinen O. , Vapalahti O. , Sane J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPuumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, that is an endemic disease in Finland. We estimated the seroprevalence of PUUV in Finland and explored risk factors and disease associations by using unique survey data with health register linkage. A total of 2000 sera from a nationwide health survey from 2011, representative of the adult population, were screened for PUUV IgG by immunofluorescence assay. We performed statistical analysis adjusting for stratified cluster design and taking into account sampling weights. In total, 254 sera among 2000 tested were PUUV-IgG-positive resulting in a weighted seroprevalence of 12.5%, (95% CI 10.9–14.4), mirroring known age and regional variation in reported incidence. No associations between PUUV-seropositivity and chronic diseases including cardiovascular (including hypertension), pulmonary, kidney disease and cancer were observed. Smoking was significantly associated with seropositivity (adjusted OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.16–2.04). In addition, significant dose-response relations were found for the number of cigarettes smoked daily (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.12–1.28). The results are important for disease burden assessment and guide intervention strategies, highlighting also the role of smoking prevention.
REASONABLE DOUBT AND DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Lee Youngjae 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe right to trial by jury and the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt are two of the most fundamental commitments of American criminal law. This article asks how the two are related, that is, whether disagreement among jurors implies anything about whether the beyond a reasonable doubt standard has been satisfied: Does the due process requirement of the beyond a reasonable doubt standard also require jury unanimity in criminal cases? Drawing on literature about the epistemological significance of disagreement, this article considers the “equal-weight view” and its implications for the unanimity rule in criminal jury decision-making. The equal-weight view says that, roughly speaking, when people disagree on a topic, each view should be given equal weight. This implies, this article concludes, that the unanimity rule is required as a way of enforcing the beyond a reasonable doubt requirement. This article further concludes, however, that jurors should not always be instructed to apply the equal-weight view in their deliberation. Jurors, when applying crime definitions to particular cases, make determinations about both historical facts and normative issues through moral terms like “reckless,” “unjustifiable,” “depraved,” “cruel,” and “heinous,” which are common in criminal law. This article argues that while the equal-weight view should guide the jurors in determining factual issues, it is not the correct model for moral issues, not only because it would imply that acquittals are appropriate in many cases involving controversial moral questions but also because having the jurors follow it would undermine the basic justification for having the criminal jury as an articulator and enforcer of morality.
Identification of Heterogeneous Cognitive Subgroups in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis of the Einstein Aging Study
Authors: Zammit Andrea R. , Hall Charles B. , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy J. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify natural subgroups of older adults based on cognitive performance, and to establish each subgroup’s characteristics based on demographic factors, physical function, psychosocial well-being, and comorbidity. Methods: We applied latent class (LC) modeling to identify subgroups in baseline assessments of 1345 Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants free of dementia. The EAS is a community-dwelling cohort study of 70+ year-old adults living in the Bronx, NY. We used 10 neurocognitive tests and 3 covariates (age, sex, education) to identify latent subgroups. We used goodness-of-fit statistics to identify the optimal class solution and assess model adequacy. We also validated our model using two-fold split-half cross-validation. Results: The sample had a mean age of 78.0 (SD=5.4) and a mean of 13.6 years of education (SD=3.5). A 9-class solution based on cognitive performance at baseline was the best-fitting model. We characterized the 9 identified classes as (i) disadvantaged, (ii) poor language, (iii) poor episodic memory and fluency, (iv) poor processing speed and executive function, (v) low average, (vi) high average, (vii) average, (viii) poor executive and poor working memory, (ix) elite. The cross validation indicated stable class assignment with the exception of the average and high average classes. Conclusions: LC modeling in a community sample of older adults revealed 9 cognitive subgroups. Assignment of subgroups was reliable and associated with external validators. Future work will test the predictive validity of these groups for outcomes such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and death, as well as markers of biological pathways that contribute to cognitive decline. (JINS, 2018, 24, 511–523)