bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Land Use Land Cover Change Using a Coupled CA-ANN modeling in Dhanusha district of Nepal
Authors: Mishra Om , Khatiwada Namrata , Joshi Dinesh , Gharti Sandesh , Khatri Binod 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Land cover refers to the physical cover that is visible on the surface of the earth, whereas land use refers to how individuals use the land. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are proven tools for assessing the LULC change. We used Landsat 5, 8, and 9 satellite images and employed the Maximum Likelihood Supervised Classification algorithm to identify the LULC types and detect changes in the Dhanusha district of Nepal. The change prediction was done using the QGIS 2.18 version MOLUSCE plugin. The four criteria, namely elevation, slope, distance from the road, and built-up were used as spatial variable maps in the learning processes in CA-ANN to predict the LULC of 2033. We assessed five major LULC classes viz. Forest, Water, Cultivated land, Settlement, and barren land. We discovered that the Dhanusha district lost 173.4ha and 300.9ha of its forests, 1381.55ha and 1864.84ha of its cultivated land, and 303.21ha and 452.04ha of its water bodies over 20 years, from 2003 to 2013 and 2013 to 2023 respectively. Significant losses were absorbed by growing urbanized areas and barren land, which expanded by 1157.19ha and 700.95ha in 2003–2013 and by 1674.03ha and 943.8ha in 2013–2023 respectively. By 2033, forest cover is predicted to drop to 22.67%, water bodies to 0.6%, and barren land to 3.16%, with urbanized areas rising to 6.08%. Urban planners are recommended to incorporate nature nature-based solutions for adaptation and mitigation plans for cities that are supported by reliable funding and policy.
MVSM-CLP: Multi view synthesis method for Chinese landscape painting based on depth estimation
Authors: Peng Xianlin , Zhou Wanlin , Hu Qiyao , Li Tengfei , Zhang Dong , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenging task of novel view synthesis for traditional Chinese landscape paintings, which typically offer only a single perspective and lack clear depth information. To overcome the limitations of existing methods that rely on multi-view input and depth estimation, we propose a multi-view synthesis method for Chinese landscape paintings, termed MVSM-CLP. The proposed CLPDepth Module employs a high-low resolution fusion mechanism to enhance detail expression while preserving the original scene structure. We introduce an image restoration technique guided by landscape ink lines, termed LInpainting, to improve edge extraction and the accuracy of painting restoration. Additionally, our method tackles the issue of scarce 3D data in current view synthesis efforts by constructing multi-view data from a single ancient painting. Our approach effectively bridges the gap between 2D art and 3D visualization, creating vivid and realistic virtual environments while preserving the traditional style and essence of Chinese paintings. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in achieving high-quality multi-view synthesis, offering new possibilities for the digital preservation of cultural heritage.
Analysis of Teaching Effectiveness of the Combinations of Artificial Intelligence Technology with PBL and CBL in Clinical Dermatology Cosmetology Teaching
Authors: Zeng Li , Wang Yihao , Liao Wanxing , Wang Yiping , Xu Xiangping , Liao Junlin , Jia Chiyu , Chen Nian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) in a dermatology cosmetology course for clinical medical interns.
Materials & Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 70 clinical interns rotating in the medical cosmetology department. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups and followed the same curriculum over 8 weeks. The experimental group (n = 40) used a teaching method combining AI with PBL and CBL, while the control group (n = 30) followed the traditional PBL and CBL approach. Assessments included theoretical exams, case analysis, and anonymous feedback surveys to evaluate teaching quality.
Results
All participants completed the examinations and questionnaires. The average theoretical test scores and case analysis test scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). The indicators of the experimental group’s feedback were better than those of the control group, such that the improvement of learning interest and motivation, the improvement of understanding of diseases and knowledge, the improvement of independent learning ability, the improvement of clinical thinking and summary ability, as well as a more positive classroom atmosphere and more helpful for future clinical work (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared to the PBL combined CBL teaching method, the teaching mode combining AI with PBL and CBL teaching method showed a higher efficacy. The learning model effectively improved students’ outcomes and satisfaction, which helped students narrow the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practical application.
Relationships among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and structural brain changes: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Li Mingfei , Miao Yifan , Chen Hao , Wang Ziming , Jiao Xu , Lu Yun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a condition characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. It has a high incidence rate among the elderly. To date, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of iNPH remain unclear, however studies suggest that hypoxia may play a significant role. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), a common hypoxia-related condition, shares several similar symptoms with iNPH, including cognitive impairment, and mobility disorders. Additionally, both conditions exhibit structural brain changes, which are associated with the clinical symptoms of iNPH. The potential connections among COPD, iNPH and structural brain changes are currently unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the possible causal relationship among iNPH, COPD, and structural brain changes( including cortical surface area and thickness, brain structure change rate, and white matter lesions), while further exploring the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of iNPH.
Methods
We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal relationships between 1) COPD and iNPH and between 2) COPD and structural brain changes. Additionally, bidirectional MR was conducted to assess the causal relationship between iNPH and structural brain changes.
Results
Our findings revealed no causal effect of COPD on the onset of iNPH or onstructural brain changes. However, an increase in the thickness of the superior parietal cortex was associated with a greater likelihood of developing iNPH (odds ratio [OR] = 5.39 × 10^14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13 × 10^11 to 1.36 × 10^18, pFDR = 3.01 × 10^−15). Furthermore, iNPH was associated with a reduced mean diffusivity (MD) value (IVWβ = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.44 to -0.12, pFDR = 1.58 × 10^−3) and an elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) value (IVWβ = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.45, pFDR = 1.02 × 10^−5).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that COPD does not have a causal relationship with either the onset of iNPH or changes in brain structure. However, thickening of the superior parietal cortex is positively associated with the onset of iNPH, which is correlated with white matter lesions characterized by low MD values and high FA values throughout the brain.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate on postoperative day 7 predicts renal function preservation outcome after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Kusuda Mayuko , Sawada Norifumi , Aikawa Junki , Mochizuki Keito , Kasai Yoshifumi , Ohtake Yuko , Shimura Hiroshi , Mochizuki Takanori , Kira Satoru , Mitsui Takahiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the predictive value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on postoperative day (POD) 7 in forecasting the post-operative renal function in patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
Methods:
We retrospectively examined data on RAPN performed from August 2016 to May 2022 at the University of Yamanashi hospital and assessed patient background, surgical outcome, and renal function. The eGFR preservation rate on POD7, and in 6 and 12 months were checked. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between eGFR preservation rate within POD7 and in postoperative 12 months.
Results:
A total of 207 patients were included in this study. Median age was 66 and 141 male (68.1%) and 177 patients had cT1a tumor (85.5%) . The median tumor size was 25 mm. Trifecta was achieved in 162 cases (78.3%). In the group with less than 90% eGFR preservation at 12 months after surgery, both eGFR with postoperative 7 days and 6 months were significantly lower than the group with above 90%. Between these two groups, there was no significant difference in patient background and perioperative data. Logistic regression analysis also showed over 90% of eGFR preservation rate within POD7 was a factor associated with over 90% preserved at post-operative 12 months.
Conclusion:
Care should be taken to the patients with decreased eGFR at postoperative 7 days on RAPN to detect the post-operative renal function decrease and transfer to chronic renal failure treatment earlier.
Ultrasound-Based Abdominal Muscles And Diaphragm Assessment In Predicting Extubation Failure In Patients With Neurointensive Care: A Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Qiu Xiang , Chen Chuanjuan , Lv Lan , Yang Bihui , Wang Zhiqiang , Ni Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Extubation in patients with neurocritical care has high rate of failure. Ineffective cough was the variable independently associated with extubation failure, but its quantification remains challenging.
Methods: Patients with primary central nervous system injury under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) were included. After a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), abdominal muscles and diaphragm ultrasound was performed under tidal breathing and coughing.
Results: we recruited 98 patients who were receiving IMV and 40 patients were included. Extubation failure occurred in 8 (20%) patients. Rectus abdominis (RA) and internal oblique (IO) muscle showed significantly difference regarding cough thickness (T) and cough thickening fraction (TF) between the extubation success and failure group (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis suggested cough TFRA, cough TFIO and cough TIOwere the factors associated with extubation outcome (P<0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, cough TFIO exhibited the strongest predictive value (AUC=0.957, 95% CI:0.8979–1). A threshold of cough TFIO≥34.15% predicted extubation success with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 75%.
Conclusion: Abdominal muscles ultrasound was a promising tool to predict extubation for neurocritical care patients.
Trial registration: The study was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:
ChiCTR2400088210, Registered 13 August 2024 - Retrospectively registered，https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=234150
Transmission of beef tapeworm infection among school children of Malakand region, Pakistan: An environmentally transmitted parasite infection
Authors: Rahman Hafeez Ur , Khan Wali , Rafiq Naseem , Masood Zubia , Ahmad Munawar Salim , Jamil Johar , Al-Sowayan Noorah Saleh , Escalante Patricio De Los Rios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Taeniids mostly parasitize the people of underdeveloped nations of the world. To investigate the prevalence of taeniids infection associated with demographic and clinical features of school children in Malakand region, Pakistan.
Methods
A random sampling technique was applied and Graphpaid of version 5 was used to analyze the data P value was considered significant when less than 0.05 at 95%CI. Of the total 360 samples examined 140 tested positive for helminth including taeniids.
Results
Among the infected samples, 22.8% were observed to be infected only with taeniids tapeworms. Male children were found to be more infected than females. The highest prevalence (15%) of taenia infection was noted in July while the least in January (5%). Ascaris lumbricoides were observed as 30.71% most prevalent, while Taxocara species Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium species were recorded as the least one (0.71% each). The children aged 5–7 years (grade 1 to 3rd ) in urban areas were more parasitized than others. Individuals of 41 to 50 inches of height, 20 to 40 grams of weight, and 8 to 9 inches in upper arm circumference were comparatively more infected. Children having less than 5 family members and unemployed parents were more parasitized. Type of stool, washing hands after toilet, abdominal pain, constipation, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain, bloating (P < 0.05) while only diarrhea (P > 0.05) was observed.
Conclusion
The prevalence of taenid species was high among school children of the Malakand region. A campaign about the transmission of these parasites should be launched.
A randomized trial of at-home COVID-19 tests, telemedicine, and rapid prescription delivery for immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Vogel Julia Moore , Hung Ting-Yang , Coughlin Erin , Delgado Felipe , Kheterpal Vik , Quer Giorgio , Topol Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 continues to impose substantial risks to people who are immunocompromised and over 65 years old.
Objective: Using a randomized control trial, we evaluated whether access to at-home COVID-19 tests, telemedicine, and same-day prescription delivery could reduce COVID cases, hospitalizations, and the cost of COVID care for the high-risk populations.
Design: Individuals participated remotely, half (n = 346) receiving the option to access 10 at-home COVID-19 tests per month for themselves and others in their household as well as telemedicine and same-day Paxlovid delivery, and half following their standard testing and treatment practices (n = 325).
Data sources: Outcome data were collected from surveys, electronic health records (EHR) and claims.
Results: Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were significantly reduced for intervention participants vs. control participants, (0.3% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001). COVID case incidence did not significantly differ (19.0% vs 20.4%, p = 0.69), nor did hospitalizations (5.2% vs 7.7%, p = 0.14). The intervention was estimated to result in a reduction of $3,650 in the cost of COVID care per person.
Limitations: The specific intervention used is no longer available in the market and alternatives should be considered. Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could change the effect observed. Survey completion is higher in the intervention group.
Conclusions: In immunocompromised individuals and those at least aged 65 years, access to at-home COVID tests, telemedicine, and rapid Paxlovid delivery reduced the severity of COVID-19 infections, as reflected by a reduced need for ICU care; this has the potential to reduce the cost of COVID care.
Ginkgetin delays the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Authors: Zhu Liang , Bi Yanchi , Liang Ting , Zhang Po , Xiao Xiao , Yu Tengbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an advancing chronic degenerative joint disease, leading to severe physical functional impairment of patients. Its development is closely related to increased inflammation and oxidative stress within the joint. Ginkgetin (GK), a natural non-toxic chemical, has proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective effects.Methods First, this study utilizes network pharmacology to explore the intrinsic connection between GK and OA. In vitro, SW1353 human cartilage cells were stimulated with Tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP), and different GK concentrations were pre-treated to evaluate its protective effects. GK's anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects were comprehensively assessed via MTT assay, western blot, cell immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transcriptome sequencing. Potential underlying mechanisms were also explored. In vivo, OA was induced in rats via anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and GK's impact on cartilage protection was further assessed via histological analysis and western blot.Results Network pharmacology has revealed that GK regulates OA via several key pathways, especially NF-κB, HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, and substances like reactive oxygen species. In vitro experiments showed GK effectively reverses oxidative stress damage from TBHP, inhibits inflammatory factor release, and protects cellular matrix (ECM) from degradation. These functions may be achieved via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed GK significantly reduced proteoglycan loss from ACLT and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and glycan protease 5 (ADAMTS5) production, effectively preventing cartilage degeneration in rats.Conclusion The research findings indicate that GK is a novel approach for the treatment of OA.
Understanding the relationship between sport-related psychological safety and mental toughness in male elite athletes
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Yamada Kai , Amemiya Rei , Kawamura Shin , Rice Simon M. , Purcell Rosemary 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The importance of mental health in elite sport has gained recognition, highlighting the need for supportive, highly competitive performance environments. This study investigates the relationship between psychological safety and mental toughness in elite sport, focusing on the mediating role of psychological distress, to advance understanding of how mental health can be maintained in competitive environments where mental toughness is often prioritized.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based survey of 541 Japanese male rugby players, including the Kessler Distress Scale (K10), a 15-item mental toughness scale (MT), and the Sport Psychological Safety Inventory (SPSI). Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the direct and indirect association of SPSI with MT through K10, with the significance of the mediation effect evaluated using a Sobel test. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to ensure robustness, adjusting for covariates.
Results
The analysis included 220 Japanese players with no missing values (response rate: 40.6%). The regression analysis revealed that higher scores on the SPSI scores were associated with lower K10 scores (β = -0.367, p < 0.001). In turn, K10 scores were negatively associated with MT (β = -0.286, p < 0.001), while SPSI scores were positively related to MT (β = 0.539, p < 0.001). The Sobel test confirmed the indirect effect of SPSI on MT through K10 (z = 2.818, p < 0.01), indicating significant mediation. In the sensitivity analysis, the indirect effect remained significant after adjusting for covariates (z = 2.97, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
A psychologically safe environment in sports might enhance mental toughness among elite athletes both directly and indirectly by reducing psychological distress. These results highlight the potential association between psychological safety in sports and both mental health and mental toughness, as both constructs have been linked with improved performance outcomes in prior research. The findings underscore the necessity for sports organizations to implement targeted interventions and policies that promote psychological safety and mental health support.
Penile HPV prevalence and associated factors among 20–70-year-old men in Sri Lanka: A Study in a Lower&amp; Middle-Income Country
Authors: Amarasena W. D.J.K. , Goonewardena S. , Gamage Deepa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. Each year, persistent High Risk (HR) HPV infection causes 69,400 cancers in males, with a rising incidence across the world. While contributing significantly to the disease burden in men and plays a crucial role in transmitting the infection to women. Estimating male HPV genotype prevalence and associated factors is crucial for developing effective HPV preventive strategies.
Method
A community-based descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the penile HPV prevalence and identify the significant associated factors for HPV infection among 20–70-year-old clinically normal men in Sri Lanka. Multi-stage probability proportionate cluster sampling was done to recruit a sample of 579 study subjects. The chi-square test was used with a significance level of p < 0.05, and bivariate analysis followed by multivariate (logistic regression) analysis was conducted to explore possible determinants of HPV infection and calculate adjusted Odds Ratios (OR).
Results
Penile HPV genotype prevalence for any genotype was 5.7% (n = 33, 95% CI:3.9–7.9) and HR genotype prevalence was 1.7% (n = 10 ,95% CI: 0.3–3.1) among clinically normal men. Identified HR HPV genotypes were HPV-59 (n = 4), HPV-16 (n = 3), HPV-45 (n = 2) and HPV-33 (n = 1) however, HPV-18 was not detected. The significant associated factors for HPV infection were having > 1 female partner/s lifetime (p = 0.02) (Adjusted OR, 2.4,95%CI:1.1–4.9) and having sexual relationships being unmarried (p = 0.04) (Adjusted OR, 3.5,95% CI:1.04–12.1).
Conclusion
High-risk sexual behaviours are significantly associated with HPV infection. Promoting safe sex practices, along with ongoing detection and monitoring of vaccine-preventable HPV genotypes among males are vital for decision-making for HPV preventive strategies.
The comparison of Immune response to Third booster dose with of ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers after receiving two doses of CoronaVac
Authors: Tangsathapornpong Auchara , Kositamongkol Sudatip , Angkasekwinai Pornpimon , Jaru-ampornpan Peera , Bunjoungmanee Pornumpa , Kulalert Prapasri , Punyashthira Patcharaporn , Nanthapisal Sira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted public health, with vaccine effectiveness being crucial for control. The efficacy of heterologous prime-boost vaccines remains unclear. This study compared AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as booster doses given 90 days after two CoronaVac doses.
Methods
Participants who received two CoronaVac doses at least 90 days earlier chose either the AZD1222 or BNT162b2 booster based on individual preference. Anti-Spike receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) IgG levels were measured on days 14, 28, and 90, and surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNT) were conducted on days 14 and 90.
Results
A total of 100 subjects participated in the study: 36 males and 64 females. The mean age in the AZD1222 group was 42.82±6.01 years, and in the BNT162b2 group, it was 37.3±8.07 years (p-value <0.05). The mean interval between the previous vaccine dose and the booster dose was 87.3±20.1 days in the AZD1222 group and 109.2±17.6 days in the BNT162b2 group (p-value <0.05). Anti-S-RBD levels in the BNT162b2 group were significantly higher than those in the AZD1222 group on days 14, 28, and 90. The sVNT inhibition of the Delta variant spike protein was also significantly higher in the BNT162b2 group on both days 14 and 90. Age was the only factor affecting anti-S-RBD levels in both groups.
Conclusion
In participants previously given two CoronaVac doses, both the mRNA BNT162b2 and viral-vectored AZD1222 boosters showed increased immunogenicity and neutralizing activity against the Delta strain. However, BNT162b2 demonstrated slightly higher immunogenicity and a slower decline over a 3-month period compared to AZD1222.