bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract No.: ABS3728: Effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus block in anterior cervical spine discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Hosagoudar Pradeep 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
Superficial cervical plexus block can provide analgesia in head and neck surgeries. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus block in patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy or fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia with respect to intraoperative and postoperative haemodynamic status and quality of analgesia.

Methods:
60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class-I,II patients scheduled for cervical discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomised into two groups. Group-A received ipsilateral superficial cervical plexus block using 10ml injectionbupivacaine(0.25%) post-induction of general anaesthesia. Group-B received no block but received supplemental intravenous analgesics for haemodynamic response to skin incision (if any). Intraoperatively, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, supplemental analgesics usage and postoperatively, visual analogue(VAS) scores to pain were monitored . Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and supplemental analgesics were standardised.

Results:
Both groups had comparable , baseline heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, following skin incision, there was significant rise in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and requirement of supplemental analgesics in group-B when compared to group-a (p<0.05). Statistically insignificant changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline were noted within group-A (p<0.05). Patients in group-B had higher VAS scores postoperatively needing more supplemental intravenous analgesics compared to group-A (figure 1).

Conclusion:
Ipsilateral superficial cervical plexus block is a simple, safe and effective preemptive analgesic technique in patients undergoing cervical spine discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia.

JOURNAL/ijana/04.03/01762628-202203001-00092/inline-graphic1/v/2022-09-30T091728Z/r/image-tiff
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS : AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Perween Farhat , Ranjan Abhishek 
Published: September 2024

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, bilateral, interstitial self-limiting allergic inflammation of conjunctiva. It is more often seen in young males and may have periodic seasonal incidence. VKC is relatively common in warm, dry climate. It is a type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction, however there is evidence of type IV hypersensitivity reaction in some forms.
The most common symptoms are intense pruritis, tearing, burning sensation, photophobia and thick, ropy, mucoid discharge. Cobblestone papillae involving upper tarsal conjunctiva, Horner-Trantas Dots, conjunctival hyperaemia and superficial keratitis are most common signs. It damages the cornea and can result in visual loss. The diagnosis is generally based on the history, typical signs and symptoms of disease.
Therapeutics options in most cases are topical medications and should be chosen on the basis of severity of disease. Clinical management of VKC requires a grading system to judge the severity of inflammation and an algorithm to select appropriate medications. The stepladder approach is a novel way of management of these difficult cases in day-to-day practice. Immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay of treatment, but surgical intervention may be required to manage the disease and its complications. Immunomodulators (Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of VKC. Unfortunately, severe, protracted cases of VKC remain a challenge to treat.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING OCULAR PROTECTION DURING GARDENING AMONG URBAN HOMEMAKERS OF PATNA, INDIA
Authors: Nishant Prateek , Sinha Sony , Sinha Ranjeet Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To describe the knowledge, attitude and practices of home gardeners regarding eye protection during gardening

Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 50 female urban homemakers who maintain their domestic garden, selected through purposive convenience sampling. Semi-structured questions regarding knowledge of advantages, preference regarding type of protective wear and practices of wearing these equipment were asked and responses represented as percentages.

Results:
All 50 respondents completed the questionnaire and agreed that some form of eye protection was necessary during gardening (100%). The advantages of protective eyewear were enumerated as protection from dust (42%), trauma by leaves (36%), gardening tools (30%) and sunlight (22%). More respondents preferred to wear no eyewear (52%) compared to regular sun shades or prescription glasses (40%), on-ear protective goggles with side covers (4%), goggles with head bands (2%) and face shield (2%). Four respondents had already encountered some form of ocular trauma during gardening. Discomfort due to protective equipment (61.54%), poor access and cumbersome maintenance (53.85%) and difficulty in looking through the equipment (23.08%) were enlisted as reasons for no protective wear. All respondents agreed that awareness regarding eye trauma from gardening should be disseminated in apartment communities.

Conclusion:
While all respondents agreed that eye protection is necessary while gardening, about half of the respondents did not wear protective eyewear due to non-ergonomic designs of the equipment they had access to. There is need of increasing awareness among this population about availability of comfortable ergonomic transparent eye protection equipment suitable for use during gardening.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SILICONE OCULAR IMPLANT AND HYDROXYAPATITE OCULAR IMPLANT FOLLOwING EVISCERATION - MRI STUDY.
Authors: Nisha Lucy , Elango Haarish , Sahnawaz Asif , Jha Alka 
Published: September 2024

Aim :
To compare long term outcomes of silicone and hydroxyapatite ocular implant following evisceration using MRI

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Participants:
Total twelve patients with the indication of evisceration were admitted from DMCH OPD, Darbhanga, Bihar, between June 2019 to July 2021.

Methods:
All patients admitted for evisceration were divided in two groups with 6 patients each. Group A patients received silicone ocular implant and group B patients received hydroxyapatite ocular implant following evisceration. Under peribulbar block evisceration was performed with scleral modification including anterior relaxing incision and posterior radial relaxing sclerotomy incisions between the rectus muscles to accommodate a large sphere without tension on the wound. MRI orbit was done after six months.

Main outcome measures:
It is measured in terms of implant migration, extrusion, socket infection, conjunctival dehiscence and implant exposure, ocular mobility.

Result:
All patients underwent successful surgery with complications of implant extrusion and socket infection being encountered with silicone implant in one patient out of six while no such complication was seen with hydroxyapatite implant. Ocular motility was maximum with hydroxyapatite compared to silicone implant. MRI study showed higher rate of conjunctival dehiscence for socket with hydroxyapatite implant (4/6) compared to socket with silicone implant1/6.

Conclusion:
Hydroxyapatite ocular implant tends to have more ocular adhesion property then silicone ocular implant so less chance of extrusion which is also supported by MRI study. Hydroxyapatite orbital implant had good success rate without major complication in comparison to silicone ocular implant.
HYDROGEL INSERT MISMATCH - A RARE CAUSE OF FAILED FEMTOSECOND LASER Assisted CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: Shekhar Madhu , Prasad Senthil , Sankarananthan  , Pai Aruna 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) offers high level of precision and automates the three major steps of cataract surgery - corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation. An ideal dock is required for optimal outcomes in FLACS. However dock failure can occur due to various factors. Here, we report a case of failed FLACS due to mismatch of hydrogel insert.

Case description:
FLACS with toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was planned in right eye for a 57 year old male who was diagnosed with immature cataract in that eye. Due to mismatch between the corneal curvature and the hydrogel insert, multiple attempts were required to achieve dock which resulted in folds on the hydrogel insert, causing incomplete anterior capsulotomy and nuclear fragmentation. During surgery, capsulorhexis and nuclear fragmentation was completed manually. Rest of the surgery was uneventful.

Conclusion:
The choice of hydrogel insert should depend on the corneal curvature. Appropriate usage of hydrogel insert based on the keratometry readings will result in enhanced outcomes.
Is Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement Still Impeding the Use of Resin-based Restoration? A Systematic Review
Authors: Pullishery Fawaz , Alhejoury Hajer Ayed , Turkistani Mohammed , Souror Yasser Refay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The use of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), along with resin restoration or cementation, is often a debatable topic in dentistry. This systematic review is aimed to explore the effect of ZOE on various properties of resin-based dental materials.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic research was carried out using the relevant keywords in different search engines such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Ebscohost, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE SciFinder based on PRISMA guidelines. Only articles in the English language were included along with other specific inclusion criteria.

Results:
The entire articles were assessed for the eligibility and final review included 30 studies that were then classified according to the type of test conducted on the resin-based material.

Conclusion:
There is no consensus on the deleterious effect of ZOE on resin-based dental material. However, all the tests conducted were in vitro and most of them showed a significant reduction in the quality of resin restorative and cement materials when used with ZOE.
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Three Beverages on Color Stability of Two Brands of Acrylic Denture Teeth
Authors: Kammath Sreelakshmy K. S. , Bhaskaran Sapna , Saratchandran Sudeep , Cherian Sangeeth K. , Babu Sreeja C. , Joy Anu Mary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
During clinical use, artificial teeth are exposed to saliva, beverages, and cleaning agents and such materials are prone to the absorption and adsorption processes. Certain foods can promote discoloration, surface degradation, and changes in other properties of artificial teeth.

Aims:
This study evaluated the effect of three different beverages (Dasamoolarishtam an Ayurvedic medicine, tea, grape juice, and distilled water) on color stability of two brands of acrylic resin denture teeth when exposed for four immersion times.

Settings and Design:
This is an in vitro experimental study.

Subjects and Methods:
Maxillary right central incisors of two brands of A1 shade were used. The specimens were placed in the center of the measuring head of a spectrophotometer with the aid of a silicone putty jig. Measurements were taken as follows, first (T0), after 1 day (T1), 7 days (T2), 15 days (T3), and 30 days (T4) of immersion in the solutions.

Statistics:
Comparison of color change among different beverages in each brand at different time interval was carried out using one-way ANOVA test (F test) with Scheffe Multiple Comparisons (post hoc test).

Results:
The results show that among the three beverages tested, Dasamoolarishtam produced maximum color changes.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that maximum color change was seen on exposure to Dasamoolarishtam and in Rolex teeth set.
Age and Reasons for First Dental Visit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Samuel Shini Susan , Rebekah Grace 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Early visit to the dentist with an aim of prevention has been advocated universally, but the timing for seeking dental treatment differs among different countries.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the timing and reasons for the first dental visit among children attending the dental clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Methods:
This hospital-based study reviewed the dental records of children who had visited the dental clinic from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. All those between 0 and 10 years of age and visiting a dentist for the first time were included in the study. The continuous variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The categorical variables were calculated using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and two-proportion test.

Results:
We reviewed the dental records of 1005 children (60% boys and 40% girls). The most frequent age for the first dental visit was between 5 and 6 years. The most common reasons for visits to the dental clinic were pain (23.8%) and dental caries (16.6%). Only 3.8% of children had their first dental visit by 1 year of age and primarily for therapeutic purposes. Dental caries and traumatic injuries were more frequent in children below the age of 3 years.

Conclusion:
The present study found pain as the most frequent reason for the visit, but there was a delay in first dental visits among children. This study suggests effective oral health policies for children and a need to change the perception and practices among the dental professionals in the region. Timing of the first dental visit of a child can help us to determine the quality of dental care a child receives. Delayed dental visit among children in this study indicates the ineffective oral health policies and the gap that exists between the pediatric health-care providers in India.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Health-Care Professionals Related to COVID-19
Authors: Basheer Syed Nahid , Peeran Syed Wali , Peeran Syed Ali , Zameer Mohammed , Naviwala Gulam Anwar , Elhassan Ahmed Taher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
COVID-19 was declared as the global pandemic on March 11, 2020 because of the rapid increase in the cases. The high mortality rate and the spread have become the biggest concern of the hour.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health-care professionals residing in various countries regarding COVID-19.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and a questionnaire was administered among the participants through E-mail. The statistical significance was calculated for the collected data.

Results:
A total of 457 participants participated in the survey. Male (45.3%) and female (54.7%) participated with good knowledge (86%) regarding the COVID-19 transmission, while 59% participants reported of using N95 masks and 60% of the participants had attended Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines workshop.

Conclusion:
Findings of the present study showed a wide range of variations in both awareness and attitude of the participants. The knowledge was found to be appropriate while some of the practice-related factors need to be changed. There is a need of regular training, webinars and various educational programs to update the knowledge and the CDC guidelines to be followed.
Assessment of the Knowledge Regarding the Management of Avulsed Teeth before and after Oral Health Education in High School Children (14–16 Years) in Central India
Authors: Kokane Vandana , Kokane Noopur , Burad Pratik , Datar Saivi , Saoji Rucha , Pathak Sakshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tooth avulsion is one of the common dental problems seen in children. Informing that avulsed tooth can be reimplanted and method to store the tooth, the importance of immediate replantation without time loss, etc., can save many avulsed teeth, preventing psychological trauma and cost of prosthetic rehabilitation. The study aims to assess knowledge and create awareness regarding the management of avulsed teeth among school-going children (14–16 years).

Methodology:
The study was conducted among 1231 schoolchildren of age group 14–16 years of different urban schools of Nagpur to assess the knowledge regarding the management of avulsed teeth before and after an informative lecture. The mean knowledge score pre- and postpresentation was statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0.

Results:
Students lacked knowledge about the management of avulsed teeth. However, their mean knowledge score increased to 3.15 from 1.98 after oral health presentations focusing on the management of avulsed teeth.

Conclusion:
Knowledge regarding avulsed tooth and its management among schoolchildren is barely adequate and requires the right method of education via seminars and dental health programmers.
Learning Statistics
Authors: Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Khobragade Sujata , Lwin Htay , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Than Nan Nitra , Phyu Khine Lynn , Abas Adinegara Lutfi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
In medical education, statistics is part of the core training to enable the students to plan, design, analyze, and interpret the experimental data. It is believed that attitudes toward statistics play an important role in learning statistics.

Aims:
We conducted this study to assess the attitudes toward statistics among undergraduate medical and dentistry students.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was done among 3rd-year medical students and 4th-year dentistry students in a private medical college in Malaysia.

Subjects and Methods:
We employed purposive sampling and invited the 3rd-year medical students and the 4th-year dentistry students before the commencement of the biostatistics course. A total of 206 students participated in this study. We utilized SATS-36 scale which consisted of 36 items that were divided into six subscales such as affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest, and effort.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Spearman's rho correlation.

Results:
The students had positive attitudes toward statistics in most of the domains of SATS-36 except difficulty. There were no significant differences of attitudes toward statistics between male and female students. However, male students had a significantly higher mean score in the interest domain (mean difference 0.40 [95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.74]).

Conclusions:
The undergraduate medical and dentistry students had positive attitudes toward statistics, but the students found that statistics is a difficult subject. Hence, the instructors need to understand the student's attitudes and create effective learning strategies which not only provide knowledge and skills but also change student's attitudes toward the desired direction.
Comparative study between intralesional injection of prostaglandin F2α alone or combined with corticosteroids in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: Mikhael Nancy W. , Ahmed Nesma Y. , El Habak Doaa M. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing hair loss, yet its treatment remains challenging due to limited Food and Drug Administration approved therapies. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) has emerged as a potential therapy.

Objective
To assess the efficacy of PGF2α intralesional injection in AA treatment.

Patients and methods
This case comparative work was performed on 75 localized AA patients who were split into three groups receiving different intralesional injections: group A received triamcinolone acetonide (TRA), group B received a combination of TRA and latanoprost (a PGF2α analog), and group C received latanoprost alone. Treatment response was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool score, Severity of Alopecia Tool II, and Alopecia Areata Severity Index.

Results
High treatment response was observed in 76% of group B, compared to 64% in group A and 40% in group C. Group B showed the most significant reduction in severity score (median=0), followed by group A (median=1), and group C (median=3). Multivariate analysis identified group B as a significant predictor of a high treatment response (odds ratio=10.292, 95% confidence interval=1.904–55.632, P=0.007).

Conclusion
Intralesional injection of TRA and latanoprost (PGF2α analog) demonstrated superior efficacy in treating localized AA compared to other treatment modalities.
Male sexual disorder in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Hammad Refaat R. , Abdalaleem Hazem L. , Abdalaziz Abdalaziz S. , Abdalfattah Abdalrahman M. 
Published: September 2024

Background
At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection disease, named COVID-19, emerged in China. In this context, couples’ sexual lives could have been significantly altered. Fear of the COVID-19 pandemic implications affects their lives, or the lives of friends and relatives might produce feelings of anxiety and panic. Sometimes, these feelings can degenerate into further negative psychological reactions, including adjustment disorder and depression.

Aim
To find the relation between COVID-19 pandemic and occurrence of male sexual disorders.

Patients and methods
In this retrospective study 300 cases with past history of COVID-19 virus infection were included in this study. They were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Al-Azhar University (Assiut) Hospital.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference between the prepandemic and postpandemic erectile dysfunction scores (P=0.043). There was a statistically significant difference between prepandemic and postpandemic scores according to premature ejaculation (P=0.022). There was a significant difference among erectile dysfunction and both depression degree (χ
2=90.706, P<0.001) and anxiety degree (χ
2=263.652, P<0.001) likewise, it has been found that there was a significant difference among premature ejaculation and both depression degree (χ
2=109.542, P<0.001) and anxiety degree (χ
2=165.382, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Significant difference between prepandemic and postpandemic scores according to erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Among erectile dysfunction and both depression degree and anxiety degree likewise, it has been found that there was a significant difference among premature ejaculation and both depression degree and anxiety degree.
Does low-energy fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy improve hair regrowth in female-pattern hair loss?
Authors: Tawfik Abeer , Gahdan Noha , Nosseir Moataz 
Published: September 2024

Background
Female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) has the potential to impact the quality of life, physical attractiveness, and interpersonal relationships of many patients.
In recent years, lasers and light therapy have been used as alternatives or supplementary therapy for hair loss.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of ablative fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy alone in improving hair growth in FPHL.

Patients and methods
Thirty patients presenting with FPHL were included in a split-scalp prospective interventional study.
Two areas of the scalp were studied. One area was treated with fractional CO2 laser and the second was injected with intradermal saline as control.
The sessions were scheduled every 2 weeks for four sessions then monthly for 2 months.
Patients were evaluated after each session and 2 months after the last session.
Results were evaluated by clinical photography, trichoscopic, and folliscopic examination regarding the count of terminal and vellus hair, the thickness and density of hair shafts, and the patient’s satisfaction score.

Results
Fractional CO2 laser therapy alone was found to be effective in improving hair growth in FPHL.

Conclusion
Fractional CO2 laser therapy would have potential mechanisms in inducing hair regrowth in FPHL. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying hair regrowth and injury induced by the laser need further clarification.