bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate and risk of atrazine and sulfentrazone to nontarget species at an agriculture site
Authors: Thorngren Jordan L. , Harwood Amanda D. , Murphy Tracye M. , Huff Hartz Kara E. , Fung Courtney Y. , Lydy Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The present study evaluated the risk associated with the application and co-occurrence of 2 herbicides, atrazine and sulfentrazone, applied to a 32-ha corn and soybean rotational field. Field concentrations of the compounds were measured in soil, runoff water, and groundwater, with peak mean atrazine and sulfentrazone concentrations found in the soil (144 ng/g dry wt, and 318 ng/g dry wt, respectively). Individual and mixture laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of atrazine and sulfentrazone on the survival of Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas, the germination of Lactuca sativa, and the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapita and Lemna minor. Pseudokirchneriella subcapita and L. minor were the most susceptible species tested, and the effects on growth of the herbicides in mixtures best fit an independent action model. Risk quotients and margin of safety of 10% (MOS10) values were used to estimate risk and were calculated using runoff water concentrations. The MOS10 values were more sensitive than risk quotients in estimating risk. The MOS10 value for sulfentrazone runoff water concentration effects on P. subcapita was 7.8, and for L. minor was 1.1, with MOS10 values &lt; 1 indicating potential risk. Overall, the environmentally relevant concentrations fell below the effect concentrations; therefore, atrazine and sulfentrazone posed little to no risk to the nontarget species tested. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1301–1310. © 2016 SETAC
Effect of Serpentine Multi‐pass Flow Field Channel Orientation in the Liquid Water Distributions and Cell Performance
Authors: Iranzo A. , Biesdorf J. , Cochet M. , Salva A. , Boillat P. , Rosa F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA commercial 50 cm2 polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell with serpentine flow fields was operated at 2.0 bar and 60 °C with two orientations of the flow field channels with respect to gravity, i.e. horizontal and vertical channels. A 3 × 3 test matrix of anode and cathode reactants relative humidity was used for the performance assessment of the cell in both orientations. The cell performance and operating data, including cell voltage and resistance, were measured, and neutron radiographs were recorded during the entire operation in order to gain knowledge of the liquid water distributions within the cell for both orientations. A quantitative analysis of the results is presented in this work, comparing the cell operation for both flow field orientations. It is observed that the configuration with horizontal cathode flow field channels presents a better cell performance, and less amount of liquid water blocking the flow field channels. Thus, the results show that the selection of the cell orientation has an influence on the final performance, and it is therefore, a design parameter to be considered for a real application. The differences in the cell water content are quantitatively analyzed and discussed.
Measurement of CO2 adsorption kinetics on activated carbons suitable for gas storage systems
Authors: Singh Vinod Kumar , Kumar E. Anil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe adsorption kinetics of CO2 on three commercially available activated carbons namely Norit RB3 (steam activated rod) (RB3), Norit Darco 100 mesh size (Darco 100 mesh), and Norit Darco 12 × 20 US mesh size (Darco 12 × 20) are measured using Sievert's apparatus at different supply pressures (1, 5, 10, and 20 bar) and temperatures (298, 308, 318, and 338 K). Extracts of experimental results of CO2 adsorption kinetics are used for mathematical modelling using different standard models, such as pseudo‐first order, pseudo‐second order, Elovich, and intra‐particle diffusion kinetics models. The adsorbate‐adsorbent interactions and kinetics behavior of CO2 adsorption on adsorbents are deduced from the best‐fitted kinetics model. Based on coefficient of correlation and normalized standard deviation, it has been found that pseudo‐second order kinetics model very well suits with the experimental data of CO2 adsorption kinetics. Activation energies at different pressures are calculated by fitting the Arrhenius equation to the adsorption kinetics data. Analysis of the mechanism of interaction between CO2 molecules and adsorbents during the adsorption process is attempted using interparticle and Boyd's diffusion models. It has been found that the film‐diffusion is an important rate controlling step in CO2 adsorption process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Courageous Voices: Using Text Sets to Inspire Change
Authors: Tracy Kelly N. , Menickelli Kristin , Scales Roya Q. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article describes how one teacher immersed her sixth graders in an intensive three‐week thematic text set unit centered on courage. Her aim was to help students discover and take action on issues that mattered to them as they learned important literacy skills and strategies. Students engaged in significant reading, writing, and discussion as they developed and enacted action plans to create positive change. Intentionally designed instruction moved from teacher‐led whole‐class lessons on the same texts to student‐led small‐group/individual learning with multiple texts. Texts included a variety of formats (e.g., picture books, songs, articles, poems) from varied reading levels.
Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci and enterococci from osteomyelitis associated with percutaneous orthopaedic implants
Authors: Zaborowska Magdalena , Tillander Jonatan , Brånemark Rickard , Hagberg Lars , Thomsen Peter , Trobos Margarita 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStaphylococci and enterococci account for most deep infections associated with bone‐anchored percutaneous implants for amputation treatment. Implant‐associated infections are difficult to treat; therefore, it is important to investigate if these infections have a biofilm origin and to determine the biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility to improve treatment strategies. The aims were: (i) to test a novel combination of the Calgary biofilm device and a custom‐made susceptibility MIC plate (Sensititre®), (ii) to determine the biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates causing implant‐associated osteomyelitis, and (iii) to describe the associated clinical outcome. Enterococci and staphylococci were characterized by microtitre plate assay, Congo Red Agar plate test, and PCR. Biofilm susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials and its relationship to treatment outcomes were determined. The majority of the strains produced biofilm in vitro showing inter‐ and intraspecies differences. Biofilms showed a significantly increased antimicrobial resistance compared with their planktonic counterparts. Slime‐producing strains tolerated significantly higher antimicrobial concentrations compared with non‐producers. All seven staphylococcal strains carried ica genes, but two did not produce slime. The degree of biofilm formation and up‐regulated antibiotic resistance may translate into a variable risk of treatment failure. This new method set‐up allows for the reproducible determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentration of antimicrobial agents, which may guide future antimicrobial treatment decisions in orthopaedic implant‐associated infection. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2630–2640, 2017.
Synthesis and characterization of saponin‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as heterogeneous Fenton‐catalyst with enhanced degradation of p‐nitrophenol
Authors: Ren Hejun , Su Yu , Han Xiao , Zhou Rui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMagnetite (Fe3O4) is an efficient Fenton‐like heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of environmental pollutants. However, Fe3O4 is easy to aggregate and has bad dispersion stability because of its magnetism. This is the reason why the catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4 is not positive. In order to accelerate the dispersibility and improve the catalytic efficiency, the surface of Fe3O4 was modified with saponin, a natural plant‐biosurfactants. It is anticipated that saponin‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (S‐Fe3O4) can expose more catalytic sites and has better dispersion stability to improve catalytic efficiency for activating H2O2.RESULTSThe S‐Fe3O4 was prepared through oxidative polymerization. It has a pattern of regular hexagon with a diameter of 70–80 nm and it is superparamagnetic. The sedimentation experiment shows that S‐Fe3O4 was able to maintain notable dispersibility for 18 days. During a 90 min reaction, 100% of p‐nitrophenol (IUPAC name 4‐Nitrophenol, PNP) can be removed using 2.0 g L−1catalyst at initial pH 3.0 ± 0.3, initial PNP concentration 250 mg L−1, H2O2 20 mmol L−1, and temperature 30 °C.CONCLUSIONSaponin‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (S‐Fe3O4) accelerate the efficiency of degradation of PNP by enhancing the dispersibility of Fe3O4. It is anticipated that this provides a new catalyst for remediation of wastewater. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in the relationship between summer rainfall over Japan and the North Pacific subtropical high, 1901–2000
Authors: Nagata Rena , Mikami Takehiko 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTInterdecadal changes in the relationship between summer rainfall over Japan and the western edge of the North Pacific subtropical high (NPSH) were investigated for the 1901–2000 period. In this study, indices describing the zonal and meridional displacement of the western edge of the NPSH (NPSHI‐Z and NPSHI‐M, respectively) were used for the analysis. Consistent with the southwestward shift of the NPSH after 1950, the region with a significant correlation between summer rainfall and the NPSHI‐Z has shifted southwestward, from the Pacific side of central Honshu in the pre50 (1901–1950) to around Kyushu in the post50 (1951–2000). Moreover, a significant connection between summer rainfall and the NPSHI‐M was widely observed in the post50, whereas no significant relationship between these phenomena was detected in the pre50. The identified change was likely due to the change in the relationship between the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern and the NPSHI‐M. It is found that there is a change point in 1950 for the PJ pattern and after that the relationship between the NPSHI‐M and PJ pattern has become stronger.
Contesting the Commercialization and Sanctity of Religious Tourism in the Shaolin Monastery, China
Authors: Hung Kam , Yang Xiaotao , Wassler Philipp , Wang Dan , Lin Pearl , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Shaolin Monastery annually attracts millions of visitors from around the world. However, the overcommercialization of these sacred places may contradict the values and philosophies of Buddhism. This study aims to comprehensively understand the balance between commercialization and sanctity, engaging with 58 Chinese practitioners and educators in seven focus groups. Participants articulated their expectation to avoid overcommercialization, and they discussed the conflicts between commercialization and sanctity to further explore on how to mitigate overcommercialization. Based on the study findings, a balanced model of religious tourism development is proposed, and specific recommendations are offered to sustainably manage religious sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Fluorinated Surfactant Composition on the Stability of Emulsion Drops
Authors: Etienne Gianluca , Kessler Michael , Amstad Esther 
Published: October 2016

Aqueous drops of a well‐defined size are often used as small containers for conducting chemical and biochemical reactions, cell assays and as templates to produce microparticles. To prevent their coalescence, they must be stabilized, for example, using surfactants. The ability of different nonionic diblock and triblock copolymer surfactants to stabilize water drops that are dispersed in fluorinated oils is compared. In particular, the influence of the length of their hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block on the drop stability is studied. The stability of drops coated with triblock copolymers scales with the interfacial tension, whereas that of drops coated with diblock copolymers scales with their packing density. Surfactants whose ratio of the radii of gyration of PEG to the hydrophobic block (FSH) is between 0.54 and 0.67 impart the best stability to aqueous drops containing low salt concentrations. By contrast, surfactants whose ratio of the radii of gyration is between 0.34 and 0.37 impart the best stability to aqueous drops containing high salt concentrations. Hence, the choice of the best surfactant strongly depends on the composition of the fluids.
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Direct SAR mapping by thermoacoustic imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Winkler Simone A. , Picot Paul A. , Thornton Michael M. , Rutt Brian K. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo develop a new method capable of directly measuring specific absorption rate (SAR) deposited in tissue using the thermoacoustic signal induced by short radiofrequency (RF) pulse excitation.TheoryA detailed model based on the thermoacoustic wave generation and propagation is presented.MethodsWe propose a new concept for direct measurement of SAR, to be used as a safety assessment/monitoring tool for MRI. The concept involves the use of short bursts of RF energy and the measurement of the resulting thermoacoustic excitation pattern by an array of ultrasound transducers, followed by image reconstruction to yield the 3D SAR distribution. We developed a simulation framework to model this thermoacoustic SAR mapping concept and verified the concept in vitro.ResultsSimulations show good agreement between reconstructed and original SAR distributions with an error of 4.2, 7.2, and 8.4% of the mean SAR values in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes and support the feasibility of direct experimental mapping of SAR distributions in vivo. The in vitro experiments show good agreement with theory (r2 = 0.52).ConclusionsA novel thermoacoustic method for in vivo mapping of local SAR patterns in MRI has been proposed and verified in simulation and in a phantom experiment. Magn Reson Med 78:1599–1606, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Study of neurometabolic and behavioral alterations in rodent model of mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Authors: Singh Kavita , Trivedi Richa , Haridas Seenu , Manda Kailash , Khushu Subash 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI (70–90%) with consequences of anxiety‐like behavioral alterations in approximately 23% of mTBI cases. This study aimed to assess whether mTBI‐induced anxiety‐like behavior is a consequence of neurometabolic alterations. mTBI was induced using a weight drop model to simulate mild human brain injury in rodents. Based on injury induction and dosage of anesthesia, four animal groups were included in this study: (i) injury with anesthesia (IA); (ii) sham1 (injury only, IO); (iii) sham2 (only anesthesia, OA); and (iv) control rats. After mTBI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) and neurobehavioral analysis were performed in these groups. At day 5, reduced taurine (Tau)/total creatine (tCr, creatine and phosphocreatine) levels in cortex were observed in the IA and IO groups relative to the control. These groups showed mTBI‐induced anxiety‐like behavior with normal cognition at day 5 post‐injury. An anxiogenic effect of repeated dosage of anesthesia in OA rats was observed with normal Tau/tCr levels in rat cortex, which requires further examination. In conclusion, this mTBI model closely mimics human concussion injury with anxiety‐like behavior and normal cognition. Reduced cortical Tau levels may provide a putative neurometabolic basis of anxiety‐like behavior following mTBI.
Simultaneous in vivo assessment of cardiac and hepatic metabolism in the diabetic rat using hyperpolarized MRS
Authors: Le Page Lydia M. , Ball Daniel R. , Ball Vicky , Dodd Michael S. , Miller Jack J. , Heather Lisa C. , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: October 2016

Understanding and assessing diabetic metabolism is vital for monitoring disease progression and improving treatment of patients. In vivo assessments, using MRI and MRS, provide non‐invasive and accurate measurements, and the development of hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopy in particular has been demonstrated to provide valuable metabolic data in real time. Until now, studies have focussed on individual organs. However, diabetes is a systemic disease affecting multiple tissues in the body. Therefore, we have developed a technique to simultaneously measure metabolism in both the heart and liver during a single acquisition.A hyperpolarized 13C MRS protocol was developed to allow acquisition of metabolic data from the heart and liver during a single scan. This protocol was subsequently used to assess metabolism in the heart and liver of seven control male Wistar rats and seven diabetic rats (diabetes was induced by three weeks of high‐fat feeding and a 30 mg/kg injection of streptozotocin).Using our new acquisition, we observed decreased cardiac and hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in our diabetic rat model. These diabetic rats also had increased blood glucose levels, decreased insulin, and increased hepatic triglycerides. Decreased production of hepatic [1‐13C]alanine was observed in the diabetic group, but this change was not present in the hearts of the same diabetic animals.We have demonstrated the ability to measure cardiac and hepatic metabolism simultaneously, with sufficient sensitivity to detect metabolic alterations in both organs. Further, we have non‐invasively observed the different reactions of the heart and liver to the metabolic challenge of diabetes.
Nonlinear statics of extensible elastic belt on two pulleys
Authors: Belyaev Alexander , Eliseev Vladimir , Irschik Hans , Oborin Evgenii 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe drive belt set on two pulleys is considered as a plane elastic rod. The nonlinear theory of rods with tension is used. The static frictionless contact problem for the rod is formulated. The derived boundary value problem for the nonlinear ordinary differential equations is solved by the finite difference method and by the shooting method by means of computer mathematics. The belt shape and the stresses are determined. The contact reaction and the contact area are obtained in the solution. A benchmark study of extensible and inextensible models is performed. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Port‐Hamiltonian representation for pdes with second‐order derivatives in the energy density
Authors: Schöberl Markus , Schlacher Kurt 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this contribution we consider a port‐Hamiltonian setting for partial differential equations. A crucial property of this system class is the property to be able to link a power balance relation to the structure of the equations. However, one has to take into account also the effects of energy flows via the boundary. This is straightforward when the Hamiltonian depends on derivative variables of first order, e.g. by using integration by parts. If second‐order derivatives appear then integration by parts cannot be used without due care, thus we suggest an approach by using the so‐called Cartan‐form. We visualize the derivation of a power balance relation by using the Kirchhoff plate as an example. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An algebraic algorithm for parameter identification in a class of systems described by linear partial differential equations
Authors: Gehring Nicole , Rudolph Joachim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe identification of parameters in systems described by one‐dimensional linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients is addressed. The algebraic approach used for identification has previously been applied to different infinite dimensional systems. Here, an algebraic algorithm is presented generalizing the underlying ideas from these examples to the class of systems mentioned before. It derives simple polynomial equations relating the concentrated measurements and the unknown parameters by using the Laplace transform and applying methods of commutative and differential algebra such as the Ritt algorithm. In the end, the identification of parameters requires only the calculation of convolution products of measurement signals. A vibrating string serves to illustrate the theory. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Backstepping‐based output regulation for systems with infinite‐dimensional actuator and sensor dynamics
Authors: Kerschbaum Simon , Deutscher Joachim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe output regulation problem is solved for an ODE plant driven by a parabolic actuator with spatially varying coefficients. Applying the backstepping transformation to the actuator allows the solution of the regulator equations in closed‐form and thus the formulation of the solvability condition. An output feedback regulator is obtained by designing a disturbance observer using delayed measurement and a reference observer that both achieve finite‐time convergence. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flatness and null controllability of 1‐D parabolic equations
Authors: Martin Philippe , Rosier Lionel , Rouchon Pierre 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a recent result on null controllability of one‐dimensional linear parabolic equations with boundary control. The space‐varying coefficients in the equation can be fairly irregular, in particular they can present discontinuities, degeneracies or singularities at some isolated points; the boundary conditions at both ends are of generalized Robin‐Neumann type.Given any (fairly irregular) initial condition θ0 and any final time T, we explicitly construct an open‐loop control which steers the system from θ0 at time 0 to the final state 0 at time T. This control is very regular (namely Gevrey of order s with 1 < s < 2); it is simply zero till some (arbitrary) intermediate time τ, so as to take advantage of the smoothing effect due to diffusion, and then given by a series from τ to the final time T.We illustrate the effectiveness of the approach on a nontrivial numerical example, namely a degenerate heat equation with control at the degenerate side. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Approach to Feed‐Forward Controller Design for Underactuated Multibody Systems in the Presence of Uncertainty
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Walz Nico‐Philipp , Hanss Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe performance of a model‐based tracking controller depends on the quality of the underlying model. Especially for flexible multibody systems, the derivation of a suitable model and the subsequent controller design are challenging tasks. In the paper, it is shown how in a straightforward approach a feed‐forward controller for a flexible multibody system is designed based on a simplified model which approximates an elastic beam by a combination of rigid beams and force elements. Furthermore, the modelling error due to this harsh simplification is included as uncertainty in the simplified model and considered in the model‐based feed‐forward controller design using fuzzy arithmetic. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)