bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tattoo as a document
Authors: Sundberg Kristina , Kjellman Ulrika 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how tattoos can be considered documents of an individual’s identity, experiences, status and actions in a given context, relating to ideas stating that archival records/documents can be of many types and have different functions. The paper also wants to discuss how tattoos serve as a bank of memories and evidence on a living body; in this respect, the tattooed body can be viewed as an archive, which immortalises and symbolises the events and relationships an individual has experienced in his or her life, and this in relation to a specific social and cultural context.Design/methodology/approachTo discuss these issues, the authors take the point of departure in the tattoo practice of Russian/Soviet prisoners. The tattoo material referred to is from the “Russian Criminal Tattoo Archive”. The archive is created by FUEL Design and Publishing that holds the meanings of the tattoos as explained inRussian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia Volume I-III. The authors exemplify this practice with two photographs of Soviet/Russian prisoners and their tattoos. By using a semiotic analysis that contextualises these images primarily through literature studies, the authors try to say something about what meaning these tattoos might carry.FindingsThe paper argues that it is possible to view the tattoo as a document, bound to an individual, reflecting his/her life and a given social and cultural context. As documents, they provide the individual with the essential evidence of his or her endeavours in a criminal environment. They also function as an individual’s memory of events and relationships (hardships and comradeships). Subsequently, the tattoos help create and sustain an identity. Finally, the tattoo presents itself as a document that may represent a critique of a dominant society or simply the voice of the alienated.Originality/valueBy showing how tattoos can be seen as documents and memory records, this paper brings a new kind of item into information and archival studies. It also uses theories and concepts from information and archival studies to put new light on the functions of tattoos.
The “digital divide” for rural small businesses
Authors: Richmond William , Rader Scott , Lanier Clinton 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This research aims to contribute to the marketing and entrepreneurship literature by showing that there is a new, different digital divide for rural small businesses based not on access to the internet but on its use for digital marketing.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses data from the state of North Carolina, examining 1,000 businesses across both rural and non-rural geographies in terms of their deployment of Web and social media marketing technologies. Further, within the rural category, analysis proceeded to ascertain potential differences between “western” (mountainous) and “eastern” (coastal) rural areas.

Findings
The research concludes that despite significant improvements in broadband access in rural areas, rural small businesses still lagged in terms of adoption of state-of-the-art Web and social media marketing practices. However, between western and eastern rural areas, differences in this lag in best practice were not discovered.

Research limitations/implications
Although the data collected were limited to small businesses in North Carolina, the results may not generalize all small businesses.

Originality/value
While underserved, rural economies received apt attention with regard to closing the proverbial “digital divide” in terms of broadband (high-speed internet) services. Resolution of this disparity does not necessarily portend that those same constituents also closed the gap in terms of using online, marketing best practices that are facilitated by broadband. Policymakers wishing to promote rural economies need to address not only the existence of an internet infrastructure but also the small businesses’ willingness and ability to use it effectively.
Money or mind? What matters most in influencing low-income earners to be energy efficient?
Authors: Russell-Bennett Rebekah , Mulcahy Rory , Little Jo-Anne , Swinton Tim 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Designing a social marketing intervention for low-income earners requires an understanding of the key motivations. As part of the Low-Income Earner Energy Efficiency Programme, this study investigates the key factors that influence energy behaviours amongst Australian young low-income earners as part of the Reduce Your Juice social marketing programme. The authors also investigate the effect of gender.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey of 753 low-income renters was conducted using validated measures. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The two factors that had the highest influence on intentions for energy-saving behaviours was the “mind” factor of self-efficacy and “money” factor of price concern. There were gender differences in the effect of bill control and price concern on intentions for different energy efficiency behaviours.

Practical implications
This study provides guidance on the factors to emphasise when designing an energy efficiency programme for low-income earners.

Social implications
This study provides evidence for different motivations amongst low-income earners for energy efficiency programmes and that a “one size fits all” approach may not be effective.

Originality/value
While there is high interest in the public sector for motivating young-adult low-income earners to change their energy behaviours, little is known about the key factors that motivate intentions to engage in these behaviours.
A prospective cause of death classification system for maternal deaths in low and middle‐income countries: results from the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry
Authors: Pasha O , McClure EM , Saleem S , Tikmani SS , Lokangaka A , Tshefu A , Bose CL , Bauserman M , Mwenechanya M , Chomba E , Carlo WA , Garces AL , Figueroa L , Hambidge KM , Krebs NF , Goudar S , Kodkany BS , Dhaded S , Derman RJ , Patel A , Hibberd PL , Esamai F , Tenge C , Liechty EA , Moore JL , Wallace DD , Koso‐Thomas M , Miodovnik M , Goldenberg RL 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the causes of maternal death in a population‐based cohort in six low‐ and middle‐income countries using a standardised, hierarchical, algorithmic cause of death (COD) methodology.DesignA population‐based, prospective observational study.SettingSeven sites in six low‐ to middle‐income countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Guatemala, India (two sites), Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia.PopulationAll deaths among pregnant women resident in the study sites from 2014 to December 2016.MethodsFor women who died, we used a standardised questionnaire to collect clinical data regarding maternal conditions present during pregnancy and delivery. These data were analysed using a computer‐based algorithm to assign cause of maternal death based on the International Classification of Disease—Maternal Mortality system (trauma, termination of pregnancy‐related, eclampsia, haemorrhage, pregnancy‐related infection and medical conditions). We also compared the COD results to healthcare‐provider‐assigned maternal COD.Main outcome measuresAssigned causes of maternal mortality.ResultsAmong 158 205 women, there were 221 maternal deaths. The most common algorithm‐assigned maternal COD were obstetric haemorrhage (38.6%), pregnancy‐related infection (26.4%) and pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia (18.2%). Agreement between algorithm‐assigned COD and COD assigned by healthcare providers ranged from 75% for haemorrhage to 25% for medical causes coincident to pregnancy.ConclusionsThe major maternal COD in the Global Network sites were haemorrhage, pregnancy‐related infection and pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia. This system could allow public health programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries to generate transparent and comparable data for maternal COD across time or regions.Tweetable abstractAn algorithmic system for determining maternal cause of death in low‐resource settings is described.
Multiple factors correlating with wing malformations in the population of Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) restituted from a low number of individuals: A mini review
Authors: Pierzynowska Karolina , Skowron Volponi Marta , Węgrzyn Grzegorz 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus), was common in Europe over 100 years ago, but currently it is considered as near threatened. Different conservation programs have promoted the persistence of this species; however, it is still endangered. An example of such programs was the action devoted to reestablish the Apollo butterfly population in Pieniny National Park (Poland) from only 20–30 individuals which had survived till the last decade of the 20th century. This reintroduction has been successful; however, unexpected developmental problems appeared. Butterflies with deformed or reduced wings became frequent in the population living in the natural habitat, and particularly among those reared under seminatural conditions (in the same environment, but fenced by a net). Until recently, reasons for these malformations remained unknown. However, reports published during last months indicated that there are genetic, biochemical, and microbiological factors contributing to this phenomenon. In the malformed individuals, lesions in the wingless gene and dysfunctions of laccase 1 and 2 were found to be significantly more frequent than in normal insects. A large fraction of butterflies with deformed or reduced wings was devoid of the prokaryotic symbiont Wolbachia, which was present in most normal individuals. Moreover, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer) Smith and Thal, and Serratia sp., bacteria pathogenic to insects, were detected in the biological material from both normal and malformed butterflies from this population. These findings are summarized and discussed in this review, in the light of conservation of insects and restitution of their populations from a low number of individuals.
Antigastric Cancer Bioactive Aurantiochytrium Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid: From Media Optimization to Cancer Cells Cytotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Shakeri Shahryar , Amoozyan Neda , Fekrat Farzaneh , Maleki Mahmood 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may have a role in contributing to the prevention or inhibition of some malignancies. DHA, the most important polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in fish and thraustochytrid oils, is known for its anticancer activity. However, antigastric cancer activity of thraustochytrid microbial oil is still unclear. In this investigation, 45 thraustochytrid strains were screened for the production of antigastric cancer oil. Cytotoxicity of 12 thraustochytrid oils was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethythiazol‐ 2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) on gastric cancer AGS cells. The most cytotoxic effect was related to the oil extracted from the qe‐4 strain with 45% cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, the Taguchi methodology was used to optimize this bioactive microbial oil. The amounts of biomass, oil, and DHA were increased to 10.32 g/L, 3.86 g/L, and 1390 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the use of glycerol in low saline medium enhanced the yield of DHA. Then, the cytotoxicity of thraustochytrids oil rich in DHA or C16 (0.5 to 10 mg/mL), was assessed on AGS cells. Only the oil that was rich in DHA showed an inhibitory effect (IC50) on AGS cells (same as the standard DHA at 1.26 mg/mL). These new findings revealed that thraustochytrid derived oil rich in DHA, has an inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that qe‐4 is related to the genus Aurantiochytrium (AN: KR091914) as a potential candidate for the production of bioactive oil. In conclusion, these results certainly support further investigations on this bioactive microbial oil as an additive for the fortification of food and dairy products.Practical ApplicationThraustochytrid microbial oil rich in DHA, showed antigastric cancer activity comparable to that of pure DHA; indicating that this microbial bioactive omega‐3 oil rich in the very important PUFA (DHA), can be applied as an additive for the fortification of food and dairy products. Also, Aurantiochytrium sp. KR091914, as a GRAS microorganism, is a good producer of this bioactive oil.
Antioxidant Stability Study of Oregano Essential Oil Microcapsules Prepared by Spray‐Drying
Authors: Asensio Claudia M. , Paredes Alejandro J. , Martin Maria P. , Allemandi Daniel A. , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRelease kinetics of the volatile compounds of oregano EO microcapsules and the relation with the antioxidant activity were studied. Different wall material (WM) to core (C) ratios (1:1 and 2:1; WM:C), addition of colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD); and different storage conditions: 23 °C (room temperature; R) and 4 °C (fridge temperature; F) were evaluated for 90 d. Volatile compounds, total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were measured. The formulas 2:1 (WM:C) (R and F) without CSD behaved differently from the rest, exhibited a higher antioxidant activity, and released less amount of volatile compounds after 90 d. These treatments grouped together in the cluster analysis, showing the highest TPC (81.54 mg gallic ac/g), FRSA (8.66%), and TEAC (12.35 μg Trolox/g). The addition of CSD facilitated the released of volatile compounds through storage time and promoted losses in the antioxidant activity. The temperature had a significant effect in most of the evaluated variables. However, this effect was more noticeable in F2 (1:1, CSD).Practical ApplicationOregano essential oil has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensory preserving properties. However, it is susceptible to volatilization and is degraded by external factors. Its addition into food matrices is restricted due to low solubility and hydrophobicity. The antioxidant activity of oregano EO is preserved after the process of microencapsulation by spray‐drying that extends its stability during storage. Oregano EO microcapsules are an alternative of delivery which protects and extends the shelf life of this essential oil, overcomes stability related limitations and preserves its desirable characteristics allowing these kind of microcapsules to be later incorporated into food products. These microcapsules could be used as a natural additive/flavouring with antioxidant properties.
Disruption ofN‐acyl‐homoserine lactone‐specific signalling and virulence in clinical pathogens by marine sponge bacteria
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Barranquero José A. , Reen F. Jerry , Parages María L. , McCarthy Ronan , Dobson Alan D. W. , O'Gara Fergal 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn recent years, the marine environment has been the subject of increasing attention from biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. A combination of unique physicochemical properties and spatial niche‐specific substrates, in wide‐ranging and extreme habitats, underscores the potential of the marine environment to deliver on functionally novel bioactivities. One such area of ongoing research is the discovery of compounds that interfere with the cell–cell signalling process called quorum sensing (QS). Described as the next generation of antimicrobials, these compounds can target virulence and persistence of clinically relevant pathogens, independent of any growth‐limiting effects. Marine sponges are a rich source of microbial diversity, with dynamic populations in a symbiotic relationship. In this study, we have harnessed theQSinhibition (QSI) potential of marine sponge microbiota and through culture‐based discovery have uncovered small molecule signal mimics that neutralize virulence phenotypes in clinical pathogens. This study describes for the first time a marine spongePsychrobactersp. isolate B98C22 that blocksQSsignalling, while also reporting dualQS/QSIactivity in thePseudoalteromonassp. J10 andParacoccusJM45. Isolation of novelQSIactivities has significant potential for future therapeutic development, of particular relevance in the light of the pending perfect storm of antibiotic resistance meeting antibiotic drug discovery decline.
How Do Self‐Assessment of Alexithymia and Sensitivity to Bodily Sensations Relate to Alcohol Consumption?
Authors: Betka Sophie , Pfeifer Gaby , Garfinkel Sarah , Prins Hielke , Bond Rod , Sequeira Henrique , Duka Theodora , Critchley Hugo 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlexithymia describes an abnormality of emotional experience that is commonly expressed among individuals with addiction and alcohol abuse disorders. Alexithymic individuals are characterized by difficulties in identifying and describing their emotions. This impairment is linked to the development and maintenance of addiction. Moreover, an emergent theory suggests alexithymia is itself secondary to a failure of interoception (sensitivity to internal bodily signals, including physiological arousal states).MethodsThis study tested for hypothesized contributory roles of alexithymia and dysfunctional interoception in the expression of social drinking. Alexithymia, subjective sensitivity to bodily sensations, and alcohol consumption scores were quantified using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Body Perception Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire, respectively, in a normative sample (N = 600). Regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were used to test the hypothesis that alexithymia mediated the association between sensitivity to bodily sensations and alcohol consumption.ResultsAlexithymia was positively correlated with sensitivity to bodily sensations and with alcohol consumption. Mediation analysis revealed that alexithymia, and more precisely, difficulty in identifying feelings, mediated the relationship between sensitivity to bodily sensations and alcohol consumption, such that the predictive effect of sensitivity to bodily sensations on alcohol intake became nonsignificant when controlling for alexithymia.ConclusionsThese results indicate that alexithymia is associated with subjective hypersensitivity to bodily sensations. Moreover, our findings support the theoretical proposal that alexithymia is an expression of impaired processing of bodily sensations including physiological arousal, which underpin the development of maladaptive coping strategies, including alcohol use disorders. Our observations extend a growing literature emphasizing the importance of interoception and alexithymia in addiction, which can inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Impact of the 2014 Suspension Agreement on sugar between the United States and Mexico
Authors: Schmitz Troy G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn December 2014, the U.S. and Mexico agreed to a suspension agreement that set a $22.25/cwt import price floor on U.S. sugar imports from Mexico. A partial equilibrium trade model was developed to estimate the economic impact the agreement would have had if it had been in effect from 2008 to 2014. In years when the price floor would have been binding, on average, U.S. producers would have gained $138 million and Mexican producers would have lost $218 million. However, total Mexican welfare would have actually increased by $11.5 million. Furthermore, the average price floor that would have maximized total Mexican welfare over that period is $22.76/cwt. Also, under certain supply and demand elasticity conditions, the average price floor that would have maximized joint U.S. and Mexican producer welfare over that period is $21.91/cwt. The latter two estimates are both close to the actual price floor agreed to in the 2014 Suspension Agreement.
The Social Provision of Punishment and Incarceration
Authors: D'Amico Daniel J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStandard economic theory proposes that public goods (equally available to everyone) will be underprovided by private markets. Individuals can benefit without having to pay, so there is little incentive to invest or manage resources efficiently. The punishment of criminals is an example of this, since everyone in a society benefits from reduced crime whether they pay to apprehend criminals or not. On that basis, it is widely presumed that governments must provide criminal justice services, including prisons. But the evidence in favor of that view is ambiguous. Stateless societies throughout history have found ways to maintain public order without ever building a prison. Nations with adequate social safety nets and a high degree of equality are also likely to rely on alternatives to incarceration. Strong forms of public goods theory, when applied to punishments and prisons, are shown to be false, since crime control does exist without a centralized state. Furthermore, the available evidence suggests that centralized government provision and management can also suffer inefficiencies from overproduction. Only comparative institutional analysis can speak to the efficiency potentials of punishment, wherein the costs of underproduction are assessed against the likely consequences of overproduction.
Evaluation of a novel waste anaesthetic gas scavenger device for use during recovery from anaesthesia
Authors: Tallent R. , Corcoran J. , Sebastian J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryVolatile anaesthetic agents are a potential occupational health hazard to theatre and recovery staff. Operating theatres and anaesthetic rooms are required to be equipped with scavenging systems, but recovery units often are not. We compared exhaled, spectrophotometric sevoflurane and desflurane concentrations 15 cm from the mouth (‘patient breathing zone’) and 91 cm laterally to the patient (‘nurse work zone’) in 120 patients after tracheal extubation who were consecutively allocated to either ISO‐Gard mask oxygen/scavenging or standard oxygen mask, 0 min, 10 min and 20 min after arrival in the theatre recovery unit. Median (IQR [range]) duration of anaesthesia was similar between groups (control 76 (44–119 [15–484]) min vs. study group 90 (64–130 [15–390]) min, p = 0.136). Using the ISO‐Gard mask, the 20‐min mean patient breathing zone and nurse work zone exhaled anaesthetic levels were ~ 90% and 78% lower than those recorded in the control group, respectively, and were within the recommended 2 ppm maximum environmental exposure limit in the patient breathing zone of 53 out of 60 (88%) and the nurse work zone of all 60 (100%) patients on first measurement in the recovery room (vs. 10 out of 60 (17%) and 40 out of 60 (67%) in the control group). Our study indicates that the ISO‐Gard oxygen/scavenging mask reduces the level of exhaled sevoflurane and desflurane below recommended maximum exposure limits near > 85% of extubated patients within ~ 20 s of application in the recovery unit after surgery. We encourage the use of this mask to minimise the occupational exposure of recovery staff to exhaled volatile agents.