bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تأثير استخدام دليل التدقيق الداخلي على جودة التدقيق باستعمال النمذجة الهيكلية البنائية (SEM) دراسة استطلاعية لبعض الكليات العراقية
Authors: عبدالكريم أ.م.د نزار معن , حسن م.م ارشد حميد , احمد م.م شيماء محمد 
Published: September 2024

هدف هذا البحث إلى تقييم تأثير استخدام الدليل الاسترشادي للتدقيق الداخلي الصادر عن ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي على جودة عملية التدقيق الداخلي باستخدام أسلوب النمذجة الهيكلية البنائية (SEM). حيث يعد التدقيق الداخلي من أهم مكونات نظام الرقابة الداخلي ، ويؤمن حماية الموارد ويوفر بيانات مالية دقيقة.
يستند الدليل الاسترشادي إلى مجموعة متكاملة من المبادئ والمفاهيم الأساسية الخاصة بالتدقيق الداخلي، ويهدف إلى تحقيق أعلى مستويات الكفاءة والفعالية في أداء خدمات التدقيق. وتعني جودة التدقيق التزام المدقق بالمعايير المهنية وتلبية احتياجات مستخدمي القوائم المالية.
أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير إيجابي ذي دلالة معنوية بين استخدام الدليل الاسترشادي وجودة التدقيق الداخلي على المستويين الكلي والجزئي. وأكدت الدراسة أهمية الالتزام بالدليل لتحسين جودة التدقيق الداخلي. وبناءً على ذلك، أوصى الباحث بضرورة تطبيق الدليل وتحديثه دوريًا، وإجراء دورات تدريبية للمدققين حول استخدامه، وإشراكهم في عملية تطويره، والتأكيد على الالتزام بمعايير التدقيق الداخلي الواردة فيه.
تحليل وقياس أثر الصدمات النفطية على معدلات البطالة في العراق
Authors: الزركوشي ا.م د علياء حسين خلف 
Published: September 2024

المستخلص: يعد العراق من الدول التي تتعرض الى تقلبات أسعار النفط أذ يتحدد سعر النفط تبعاً لظروف الأقتصاد العالمي أي الظروف الخارجية وهذا الأمر يجعل الأقتصاد العراقي عرضة للصدمات الخارجية فضلاً عن ذلك فأن أيرادات النفط لم يتم أستغلالها في تطوير بقية القطاعات الأقتصادية من أجل زيادة أنتاجيتها كما أن عدم أستثمار الفوائض التي تنتج عن الوفرة النفطية أدى الى فقدان المنفعة من هذه الفوائض ، وهذا يشير الى ان للصدمات النفطية لها اثر مباشر واثر غير مباشر في توليد المشكلات الاقتصادية ومنها البطالة ، وتكمن مشكلة البحث في التساؤلات الآتية:
س1: ما الأسس التحليلية للعلاقة بين الصدمات النفطية ومعدل البطالة؟
س2: ما الآثار التي يمكن ان تعكسها التقلبات في أسعار النفط على معدل البطالة ؟
ويقسم البحث الى ثلاث مباحث يتضمن المبحث الأول : العلاقة بين الصدمات النفطية والبطالة (وفق منظور تحليلي) وجاء المبحث الثاني: قياس العلاقة بين الصدمات النفطية ومعدل البطالة في العراق، وتناول المبحث الثالث: رؤى ومعالجات لتخفيض معدلات البطالة في العراق، وتم التوصل الى الاستنتاجات والتوصيات.
Investigating the Ochratoxin Production Potential of Aspergillus spp in Indian Rice: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: S. Nandinidevi, , C. Jayapradha, , V. Paranidharan, 
Published: September 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa), world’s second most important cereal crop and most commonly consumed grains in the world. Though more than 100,000 species of fungi are known to exist, majority of mycotoxigenic fungi belong to the species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium. Among Aspergillus spp, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus are known to produce Ochratoxin A (OTA), a notable mycotoxin having adverse effects due to ubiquitous presence, renal toxicity and lengthy persistence. Totally eighty-one samples including unpolished (n = 36) and polished rice samples (n = 45) were collected in various districts of Tamil Nadu to identify ochratoxigenic fungi particularly Aspergillus spp. Out of 81 samples, 62 % (50/81) of samples including unpolished (n = 24) and polished rice (n = 26) documented the occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungi. Extraction of OTA was carried out by agar plug method and the ability of fungus to produce OTA was quantified by RP HPLC-FLD analysis. Among the fungal genera, Aspergillus spp (80 %) recorded the predominant fungus in rice. Molecular confirmation of ochratoxigenic fungi A. niger and A. ochraceus isolates was performed by 18s rDNA analysis. OTA producing ability by RP HPLC-FLD analysis revealed A. ochraceus of section Circumdati recorded the highest OTA production than A. niger isolates of section Nigri. The concentration range of OTA by A. ochraceus vary between 12.33 - 196.84 ng/g and 0.18 - 2.82 ng/g respectively in A. niger isolates. Among the A. ochraceus isolates, potent isolate AO 9 documented the highest OTA production (196.84 ng/g) followed by AO 6 (104.74 ng/g). Similarly, in A. niger AN 1 showed highest production of 2.82 ng/g followed by AN 5 isolate (1.25 ng/g) respectively. The objective of the study is to determine and quantify the ochratoxin production potential of Aspergillus spp in Indian rice by RP HPLC-FLD analysis. The occurrence of Aspergillus spp in rice and the subsequent ochratoxin production raise concern about possible health risk to animal and human environment upon consumption. Hence there is need for improved storage practices and regular monitoring to prevent the prevalence of Aspergillus fungus and OTA contamination in rice supply chain.
The annual cycle of gross primary production, net community production, and export efficiency across the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Palevsky Hilary I. , Quay Paul D. , Lockwood Deirdre E. , Nicholson David P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe measured triple oxygen isotopes and oxygen/argon dissolved gas ratios as nonincubation‐based geochemical tracers of gross oxygen production (GOP) and net community production (NCP) on 16 container ship transects across the North Pacific from 2008 to 2012. We estimate rates and efficiency of biological carbon export throughout the full annual cycle across the North Pacific basin (35°N–50°N, 142°E–125°W) by constructing mixed layer budgets that account for physical and biological influences on these tracers. During the productive season from spring to fall, GOP and NCP are highest in the Kuroshio region west of 170°E and decrease eastward across the basin. However, deep winter mixed layers (>200 m) west of 160°W ventilate ~40–90% of this seasonally exported carbon, while only ~10% of seasonally exported carbon east of 160°W is ventilated in winter where mixed layers are <120 m. As a result, despite higher annual GOP in the west than the east, the annual carbon export (sequestration) rate and efficiency decrease westward across the basin from export of 2.3 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 east of 160°W to 0.5 ± 0.7 mol C m−2 yr−1 west of 170°E. Existing productivity rate estimates from time series stations are consistent with our regional productivity rate estimates in the eastern but not western North Pacific. These results highlight the need to estimate productivity rates over broad spatial areas and throughout the full annual cycle including during winter ventilation in order to accurately estimate the rate and efficiency of carbon sequestration via the ocean's biological pump.
From Alfvén waves to kinetic Alfvén waves in an inhomogeneous equilibrium structure
Authors: Pucci F. , Vásconez C. L. , Pezzi O. , Servidio S. , Valentini F. , Matthaeus W. H. , Malara F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKinetic Alfvén waves are believed to primary form fluctuations in a hydromagnetic turbulence at scales of the order of the ion inertial length. We study a model where an initial Alfvén wave propagates inside an equilibrium structure which is inhomogeneous in the direction perpendicular to the equilibrium magnetic field. In a previous paper this situation has been considered in a particular configuration where the initial wave vector is parallel to the magnetic field and the wave is polarized perpendicular to the inhomogeneity direction. Here we consider other configurations, with a different polarization and possible initial oblique propagation. We employ numerical simulations, using both a Hall‐magnetohydrodynamics and a Hybrid Vlasov‐Maxwell model. Results show that in all the considered cases the time evolution leads to the formation of kinetic Alfvén waves within the inhomogeneity regions, which are identified by a comparison with analytical linear theory results. Then, in this context the formation of kinetic Alfvén waves seems to be a general phenomenon which could be also extended to more complex situations, like turbulence. Kinetic simulations show that kinetic Alfvén waves modify the ion distribution function, generating temperature anisotropy of both parallel and perpendicular to the local magnetic field as well as particle beams aligned along the local magnetic field. These results could be relevant both in the solar corona and in large‐scale structures of the solar wind, where Alfvénic fluctuations are present along with large‐scale inhomogeneities.
Delivery of Genome Editing Reagents to Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Hoban Megan D. , Romero Zulema , Cost Gregory J. , Mendel Matthew , Holmes Michael , Kohn Donald B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis unit describes the protocol for the delivery of reagents for targeted genome editing to CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, this unit focuses on the process of thawing and pre‐stimulating CD34+ HSPCs, as well as the details of their electroporation with in vitro‐transcribed mRNA‐encoding site‐specific nucleases [in this case zinc‐finger nucleases (ZFNs)]. In addition, discussed is delivery of a gene editing donor template in the form of an oligonucleotide or integrase‐defective lentiviral vector (IDLV). Finally, an analysis of cell survival following treatment and downstream culture conditions are presented. While optimization steps might be needed for each specific application with respect to nuclease and donor template amount, adherence to this protocol will serve as an excellent starting point for this further work. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copper‐Mediated ortho‐Arylation of Benzamides with Arylboronic Acid
Authors: Gui Qingwen , Chen Xiang , Hu Liang , Wang Dadian , Liu Jidan , Tan Ze 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe copper‐mediated direct ortho CH bond arylation of benzamide derivatives with arylboronic acids was achieved by employing an 8‐aminoquinoline moiety as the bidentate directing group. Various biaryls were synthesized in good yields with excellent regioselectivity. The reaction shows good functional group compatibility and proceeds in a highly selective manner at the ortho‐position of the benzamides. Deuterium‐labelling experiments indicated that the ortho CH bond cleavage of benzamide was involved in the rate‐determining step of the arylation.magnified image
A Ruthenium Catalyst for Olefin Metathesis Featuring an Anti‐Bredt N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand
Authors: Martin David , Marx Vanessa M. , Grubbs Robert H. , Bertrand Guy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA ruthenium complex bearing an “anti‐Bredt” N‐heterocyclic carbene was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a catalyst for olefin metathesis. Good conversions were observed at room temperature for the formation of di‐ and tri‐substituted olefins by ring‐closing metathesis. It also allowed for the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctadiene, as well as for the cross‐metathesis of cis‐1,4‐diacetoxy‐2‐butene with allylbenzene, with enhanced Z/E kinetic selectivity over classical NHC‐based catalysts.magnified image
Amphiphilic acrylate copolymer fatliquor for ecological leather: Influence of molecular weight on performances
Authors: Du Jinxia , Shi Lu , Peng Biyu 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWith increasing demand for ecological leather, ecological fatliquors with good comprehensive properties are getting more and more attention. The amphiphilic acrylate copolymer containing both hydrophilic (carboxyl) and hydrophobic (long alkyl) groups is one of the main alternatives to conventional fatliquors. In this paper, a series of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐stearyl acrylate) with different relative molecular weights were prepared, and the influence of the molecular weight on their application performances were evaluated. The results show that lower relative molecular weight of copolymers is conducive to the penetration and absorption, and it improves the softness and fiber separation of leather. When the number average molecular weight (Mn) of copolymer is higher than 25,000, its penetration and absorption become worse and the resulting leather feels hard. In addition, the amphiphilic acrylate copolymers can impart excellent oxidation resistance and transference resistance to leather, which is a considerable improvement over the conventionally retanned and fatliquored leather. The copolymer has great penetration and absorption ability when Mn is within the range of 9,000–15,000, and it gives leather excellent integrated properties, such as filling, softness, mechanical strength, extraction resistance, and oxidation resistance, which can meet requirements of ecological leather. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43440.
A highly selective electrochemical sensor for nifedipine based on layer‐by‐layer assembly films from polyaniline and multiwalled carbon nanotube
Authors: Wang Qiguan , Zhao Rongna , Wang Sumin , Guo Hao , Li Jinhua , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Xinhai , Wu Xinming , Wang Yan , Chen Weixing , Zhang Wenzhi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAn uniformly distributed film consisting of polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs‐COOH) was successfully assembled on ITO plates from a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method by using electrostatic interactions as the main driving force. The good conjugation between PANI nanoparticles and MWNTs‐COOH resulted in significant electrochemical performance variation of the obtained films. In addition, the assembled MWNT‐COOH/PANI/ITO showed synergistic effect to the electrochemical oxidation of nifedipine (NIF) when used as a sensor. Compared with bare ITO, the oxidation potential of NIF can be decreased about 170 mV on MWNT‐COOH/PANI/ITO, and the lower detection limit of NIF was as low as 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L. In addition, the assembled electrode gave no responses to interferences such as glucose, urea, ascorbic acid, and trisodium citrate, which showed high selectivity for recognition and quantification of NIF. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43452.
Low k epoxy resin containing cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with high crosslinking density
Authors: Kong Lingqiang , Cheng Yuanrong , Jin Yunxia , Qi Tianke , Xiao Fei 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHigh performance epoxy resins have attracted much research interest in the last decades. Herein, two novel epoxy monomers containing cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, 1,4‐bis(4‐(N,N‐diglycidylamino)phenoxy)cyclohexane (CyhEP) and 1,3‐bis(4‐(N,N‐diglycidylamino)phenoxy)adamantane (AdaEP) were synthesized and characterized. They were cured with 4‐methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) to prepare the highly crosslinked thermosets. Both epoxy resins show good thermal stability (Td5 > 300 °C), high glass transition temperature (> 200 °C), and high storage modulus (> 3.2 GPa) due to their highly crosslinked structure. The AdaEP/MHHPA resin shows a low dielectric constant (3.4 at 1 MHz) because of the introduction of bulky rigid adamantane into the polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43456.
Multiple Framing: Verbal, Facial, and Vocal Cues in Risky Choice
Authors: Garelik Steven , Wang X.T. (Xiao‐Tian) 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVerbal framing effects have been widely studied, but little is known about how people react to multiple framing cues in risk communication, where verbal messages are often accompanied by facial and vocal cues. We examined joint and differential effects of verbal, facial, and vocal framing on risk preference in hypothetical monetary and life–death situations. In the multiple framing condition with the factorial design (2 verbal frames × 2 vocal tones × 4 basic facial expressions × 2 task domains), each scenario was presented auditorily with a written message on a photo of the messenger's face. Compared with verbal framing effects resulting in preference reversal, multiple frames made risky choice more consistent and shifted risk preference without reversal. Moreover, a positive tone of voice increased risk‐seeking preference in women. When the valence of facial and vocal cues was incongruent with verbal frame, verbal framing effects were significant. In contrast, when the affect cues were congruent with verbal frame, framing effects disappeared. These results suggest that verbal framing is given higher priority when other affect cues are incongruent. Further analysis revealed that participants were more risk‐averse when positive affect cues (positive tone or facial expressions) were congruently paired with a positive verbal frame whereas participants were more risk‐seeking when positive affect cues were incongruent with the verbal frame. In contrast, for negative affect cues, congruency promoted risk‐seeking tendency whereas incongruency increased risk‐aversion. Overall, the results show that facial and vocal cues interact with verbal framing and significantly affect risk communication. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
President's page
Authors: Caidi Nadia 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYStarting her leadership year, incoming ASIS&T president Nadia Caidi noted the great success of the 2015 Annual Meeting, focusing on information science with impact. Over the next year Caidi is committed to celebrating the Association's members, connecting with other organizations focused on information issues and analyzing the Association's structure and policies to ensure its future strength. An emphasis on membership and engagement runs through each of these goals, to enhance appreciation of the Association as a collective home for those in the field of information science and technology. Members are invited to share ideas through numerous committees and task forces, listed with their chairpersons and heads, as these groups reach out to the membership over the coming year to encourage all to feel involved with ASIS&T. Looking forward to the 2016 Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Caidi sets her sights on the Association gaining broader recognition and strength and becoming more international, diverse and inclusive.
Indispensable Institutions: Making a Case for Public Libraries as Local E‐Government Service Administrators
Authors: Million A. J. 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhile electronic access to government information is an expressed goal, implementation varies widely by locality, purpose and focus. Public libraries are uniquely situated to serve e‐government administration by assembling and managing online collections of local electronic government records. Materials to be collected should reflect local and patron needs, be permitted by law and be accessible online. Libraries already provide internet access and reference support, and they are increasingly serving as intermediaries as agencies cut staffing as they move materials online. Libraries promote transparency, in strong demand by the public and necessary for citizen participation in the democratic process. Libraries are trusted institutions, and, supported by librarians’ competencies, they enable access, digital preservation and support for online collections. Numerous public and private libraries serve as depositories of state and federal government records, providing access points for citizens to obtain information. With the foundation of skills, capabilities and precedents, it would not be difficult for public libraries to expand on their tradition of managing and supporting access to information to administer online collections of local government information.
Research Ethics in an Age of Big Data
Authors: Sula Chris Alen 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe era of big data introduces new considerations into the traditional context of research ethics. Ethical questions may be considered in terms of accuracy, humane treatment, informed participants and the necessity and applicability of the work, but big data complicates these issues. Since social media participants reflect certain demographic features, data drawn from those sources should not be taken to represent the general population. Big data collection may be more invasive than necessary due to easy access, and consent may be nonexistent. Data that was once anonymous may become identifiable, last indefinitely and conflict with goals for publication. Ways to respect ethics in big data research include involving participants throughout the process, avoiding collecting information that should remain private, notifying participants of their inclusion and providing them options to correct or delete personal information, and using public channels to disseminate research.
Training Your Eye to See Structure
Authors: Creekmore Laura 
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYUnlike organizing external views of information, content modeling pertains to internal information architecture. Building a content model from scratch is relatively easy, while improving an existing system is more common and usually more challenging. Information architects intuitively recognize content elements for data fields and how these fields might be semantically linked, providing valuable opportunities that enhance a user's experience. Recognizing important data elements and how they might be sorted and associated requires a certain style of thinking, recognition of patterns and a knack for classifying. As categories are identified they lend themselves to defined content structures and interconnections. As an information architect gains practice and experience, the internal structure of content becomes clearer.
Inflammatory response in serrated precursor lesions of the colon classified according to WHO entities, clinical parameters and phenotype–genotype correlation
Authors: Rau Tilman T , Atreya Raja , Aust Daniela , Baretton Gustavo , Eck Matthias , Erlenbach‐Wünsch Katharina , Hartmann Arndt , Lugli Alessandro , Stöhr Robert , Vieth Michael , Wirsing Anna M , Zlobec Inti , Katzenberger Tiemo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStudies on traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) and sessile serrated adenoma with dysplasia (SSA‐D) are rare due to the low frequency of these lesions, which are well defined by the latest WHO classification. However, introducing new morphological criteria such as intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) might facilitate colorectal polyp diagnoses. Additionally, the phenotype–genotype correlation needs to be updated as the terminology has repeatedly changed. This study analysed 516 polyps, consisting of 118 classical adenomas (CAD), 116 hyperplastic polyps (HPP), 179 SSAs, 41 SSA‐Ds, and 62 TSAs. The lesions were analysed in relation to the patients’ clinical parameters including gender, age, localisation, and size. The inflammatory background of the polyps was quantified and BRAF and KRAS mutations as well as MLH1 and CDKN2A promoter methylation were assessed. In multivariate analyses, an increase in IELs was an independent and robust new criterion for the diagnosis of SSA‐D (p < 0.001). Superficial erosions and acute neutrophil granulocytes led to reactive changes potentially resembling dysplasia. KRAS and BRAF mutations were associated with CAD/TSA and HPP/SSA, respectively. However, almost half of TSAs had a BRAF mutation and were KRAS wild type. CDKN2A seems to precede MLH1 hyper‐methylation within the serrated carcinogenesis model. The genotyping of WHO‐based entities – and especially SSA – has sharpened in comparison to previously published data. TSAs can be sub‐grouped according to their mutation status. Of note, the higher number of IELs in SSA‐D reflects their close relationship to colorectal cancers with micro‐satellite instability. Therefore, IELs might represent a new diagnostic tool for SSA‐D.