bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambroxol hydrochloride spray (Luo Runchang®) in the treatment of acute respiratory infectious diseases: a prospective, multicenter, open label, randomized controlled study
Authors: Cheng Lu , Liu Min , Wang Rong , Cao Sufen , Li Rui , Su Bo , Wei Hongyan , Yang Haijuan , Hou Lingyun , Geng Chunyu , Han Yuling , Yang Tianrui 
Published: September 2024

PurposeCough and sputum are the most common clinical symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Ambroxol is a mucolytic expectorant commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and compliance of ambroxol hydrochloride spray (Luo Runchang ®) for the treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases in children.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open-labeled, randomized controlled study. The experimental group received ambroxol hydrochloride oral sprays, and the control group received ambroxol hydrochloride oral solutions. The primary endpoint was the change in cough symptom scores from baseline. Secondary endpoints include changes in cough severity score, quality of life, adherence, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 154 subjects were randomized and included in the analysis. The mean change of total cough symptom score of the spray group at the end of treatment was −4.7 (1.54) compared to −4.2 (1.62) in the solution group (P = 0.0005). The mean change of cough severity score was −5.7 (2.09) in the spray group compared to −5.2(2.04) in the solution group (P = 0.012). Quality of life scores significantly improved in the spray group (P &lt; 0.0001) compared to the oral solution group. Medication adherence markers were significantly better in the spray group (P &lt; 0.0001). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group (1.33%) was lower than that in the control group (6.33%), but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.ConclusionAmbroxol hydrochloride spray significantly improved cough symptom score, cough severity score, and quality of life score compared to ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on the Ecuadorian population: a comparative analysis 1 year after quarantine measures
Authors: Gallardo-Rumbea Jorge Andrés , Farfán Bajaña María José , Mautong Hans , Moncayo-Rizzo Jorge , Andrade Derly , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan , Alvarado-Villa Geovanny 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSocial isolation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interest in its psychological and neurobiological consequences. The pandemic has been associated with an increase in anxiety, depression, and stress, according to some cross-sectional studies. This study aims to analyze changes in the levels of anxiety, depression and stress by comparing the confinement phase to the post-confinement period in the Ecuadorian population.MethodsA longitudinal, comparative, prospective study was conducted using an online survey comprising two sections. The first section gathered demographic information, whereas the second section included the DASS-21 questionnaire. Ecuadorian participants who completed the survey during the initial data-collection period were included.ResultsIn total, 162 participants were included in the final analysis. The average age of the participants was 29.6 ± 11.7 years, and the majority were women (63.3%). In 2020, the median depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 6 (IQR 2–12), 6 (IQR 2–10), and 10 (IQR 6–16) respectively. In 2021, the median depression score was 8 (IQR 4–14), the median anxiety score was 8 (IQR 4–14.5), and the median stress and its interquartile range were 10 (IQR 6–18). The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly inversely correlated with age, number of children, self-reported general health, and self-reported mental health in both 2020 and 2021.ConclusionExercise, being a student, sex and having had COVID-19 examination may be predictors for the changes in the levels of psychological disorders. Implementing psychological strategies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and physiological interventions, like regular physical activity, early in the post-lockdown period could help mitigate the negative mental health impacts observed in the aftermath of the pandemic. These interventions can provide necessary support and coping mechanisms for those at higher risk, thereby improving overall mental health outcomes.
Noise-induced modality-specific pretext learning for pediatric chest X-ray image classification
Authors: Rajaraman Sivaramakrishnan , Liang Zhaohui , Xue Zhiyun , Antani Sameer 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDeep learning (DL) has significantly advanced medical image classification. However, it often relies on transfer learning (TL) from models pretrained on large, generic non-medical image datasets like ImageNet. Conversely, medical images possess unique visual characteristics that such general models may not adequately capture.MethodsThis study examines the effectiveness of modality-specific pretext learning strengthened by image denoising and deblurring in enhancing the classification of pediatric chest X-ray (CXR) images into those exhibiting no findings, i.e., normal lungs, or with cardiopulmonary disease manifestations. Specifically, we use a VGG-16-Sharp-U-Net architecture and leverage its encoder in conjunction with a classification head to distinguish normal from abnormal pediatric CXR findings. We benchmark this performance against the traditional TL approach, viz., the VGG-16 model pretrained only on ImageNet. Measures used for performance evaluation are balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Kappa statistic, and Youden’s index.ResultsOur findings reveal that models developed from CXR modality-specific pretext encoders substantially outperform the ImageNet-only pretrained model, viz., Baseline, and achieve significantly higher sensitivity (p &lt; 0.05) with marked improvements in balanced accuracy, F-score, MCC, Kappa statistic, and Youden’s index. A novel attention-based fuzzy ensemble of the pretext-learned models further improves performance across these metrics (Balanced accuracy: 0.6376; Sensitivity: 0.4991; F-score: 0.5102; MCC: 0.2783; Kappa: 0.2782, and Youden’s index:0.2751), compared to Baseline (Balanced accuracy: 0.5654; Sensitivity: 0.1983; F-score: 0.2977; MCC: 0.1998; Kappa: 0.1599, and Youden’s index:0.1327).DiscussionThe superior results of CXR modality-specific pretext learning and their ensemble underscore its potential as a viable alternative to conventional ImageNet pretraining for medical image classification. Results from this study promote further exploration of medical modality-specific TL techniques in the development of DL models for various medical imaging applications.
The in vitro effects of acidemia and acidemia reversal on coagulation in dogs
Authors: Kim Youngju , Bae Hyeona , Yu DoHyeon 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe effect of acidemia on blood coagulation remains inadequately understood in veterinary medicine. Therefore, we assessed the effect of in vitro acidification of canine whole blood on coagulation and investigated whether acidemia-induced coagulopathy could be reversed by reversing acidemia.MethodsCitrated whole blood samples were taken from six healthy Beagle dogs and categorized, based on pH adjustment, into neutral, weak acidemia (WA), strong acidemia (SA), and reversal from SA. Then, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, conventional thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and velocity curve (V-curve) variables of TEG were assessed.ResultsThe PT, aPTT, and most TEG parameters showed significant coagulopathy in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with additional significant changes in reaction time (R), clot kinetic (K), maximum amplitude (MA), split point (SP), elasticity (E), thrombodynamic potential index (TPI), and coagulation index (CI) between the SA and WA groups. Among V-curve variables, the maximum rate of thrombus generation (MRTG) and total thrombus generation were significantly inhibited in the SA group compared to the neutral group, with significant differences in the time to maximum rate of thrombus generation (TMRTG) between the WA and SA groups. In the reverse group, aPTT, R, K, α-angle, MRTG, TMRTG, SP, TPI, and CI exhibited significant recovery compared to the SA group.ConclusionThe in vitro induction of acidemia in canine whole blood leads to impairment of coagulation profiles, and pH correction can reverse most acidemia-induced coagulopathy.
Comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns and function of the FTO–LINE1 axis in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells
Authors: Ma Zongliang , Chai Zhixin , Yang Huan , Zhang Xiangfei , Zhao Hongwen , Luo Xiaolin , Zhong Jincheng , Wu Zhijuan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) retrotransposon has been identified as a specific substrate for fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO), which facilitates the removal of N6-methyladenosine modifications from its targeted RNAs.MethodsThis study examined the dynamic interaction between FTO and LINE1 in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells, utilizing RT-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), immunofluorescence staining, and techniques involving overexpression and interference of FTO and LINE1 to elucidate the relationship between FTO and LINE1 in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells.ResultsCloning and analysis of the FTO coding sequence in Jiulong yak revealed a conserved protein structure across various Bos breeds, with notable homology observed with domestic yak, domestic cattle, and Java bison. Comprehensive examination of FTO and LINE1 gene expression patterns in Jiulong yaks revealed consistent trends across tissues in both sexes. FTO mRNA levels were markedly elevated in the heart and kidney, while LINE1 RNA was predominantly expressed in the heart. Immunoprecipitation confirmed the direct interaction between the FTO protein and LINE1 RNA in yak tissues and muscle satellite cells. The FTO–LINE1 axis was confirmed by a significant decrease in LINE1 RNA enrichment following its expression interference in yak muscle satellite cells. Overexpression of FTO substantially reduced the expression of recombinant myogenic factor 5 (MYF5). However, FTO interference had no discernible effect on MYF5 and myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1) mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed no alterations in Ki-67 protein expression following FTO interference or overexpression. However, phalloidin staining demonstrated enhancement in the myotube fusion rate of yak muscle satellite cells upon LINE1 interference.ConclusionThis comprehensive mapping of the FTO and LINE1 mRNA expression patterns establishes a direct interaction between the FTO protein and LINE1 RNA in yak. The findings suggest that FTO overexpression promotes muscle satellite cells differentiation, whereas LINE1 negatively regulates myotube fusion. The study provides fundamental insights into the role of the FTO–LINE1 axis in determining the fate of muscle satellite cells in yak, laying a solid theoretical foundation for future investigations.
Prevalence and significance of a canine bocavirus-2 outbreak in a cohort of military dogs in Austria
Authors: Doulidis P. G. , Reisner R. , Auer A. , Dimmel Katharina , Lammer Thomas , Künzel F. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionBocaviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses from the Parvoviridae family, which have been minimally discussed in veterinary literature and are considered potentially pathogenic. Due to the recurring illness among young dogs in a closed cohort of military dogs in Austria, we assessed the prevalence, possible disease manifestation and outcome of CBoV-2 infection in this cohort.Materials and methodsThis led to a comprehensive study that not only analyzed past cases but also performed prospective screening PCR tests to identify CBoV-2 positive dogs within this specific dog population. Pharyngeal and rectal swabs were taken. In addition, a control group (n = 20) of clinically healthy client-owned dogs was sampled. A total of 190 samples were taken and tested for the presence of CBoV-2 specific nucleic acid using screening PCR. In addition to the primers used for routine diagnostics, two other primer pairs were used to verify questionable results. The retrospective part of the study includes a total of 13 military dogs that had previously shown suspected clinical signs.ResultsAt the time of the first examination within the prospective part of the study, CBoV-2 was detected in 31% (12/39) of the dogs. During the second examination, 2% (1/47) tested positive, while all PCR testing in the control group (n = 20) was negative in all cases. The retrospective evaluation of the 13 cases revealed a total of six animals tested positive for CBoV-2 via screening PCR. All puppies suffered from skin lesions (papules, vesicles, or pustules). Other clinical signs included diarrhea (83%), vomiting (77%), respiratory (15%), and neurological (8%) signs.DiscussionAccording to the study there are certain indications that CBoV-2 shares similarities with CPV-2 infection but also exhibits critical differences, making their differentiation essential for patient management, outcomes, and prevention strategies.
Thermal Stability of 1,4-Dioxaneat Suband SupercriticalTemperatures
Authors: Скребец Т.Э. , Пальцер Р.С. , Ивахнов А.Д. 
Published: September 2024

Изучена термическая устойчивость 1,4-диоксана при температурах ниже и вышекритической (300-500 °С) и различных плотностях флюида. Установлено, что при300-350 °С диоксан термически устойчив в течение 80-100 мин; при более высоких температурах в течение этого же времени в системе начинается неконтролируемый рост давления за счет реакций термолиза диоксана. Анализ жидкой игазовой фаз, оставшихся в реакторе после термической обработки диоксана, показал наличие широкого спектра продуктов.
Thermal stability of 1,4-dioxane below and above its critical temperature (at 300-500 °С) and at different fluid densities is studied. In the temperature range of 300-350 °С dioxane is thermally stable during 80-100 minutes; at higher temperaturesduring the same time the uncontrolled pressure growth starts due to the thermalcracking of dioxane. The analysis of liquid and gas phases after the dioxane thermaltreatment shows the formation of a wide range of products.
Micronization of SalbutamolSulfate by Supercritical AntisolventPrecipitation: Effect of ProcessParameters on Size and Morphologyof Obtained Particles
Authors: Воробей А.М. , Покровский О.И. , Устинович К.Б. , Паренаго О.О. , Лунин В.В. , Мирошниченко А.Г. 
Published: September 2024

Исследована применимость метода сверхкритического антисольвентного осаждения для получения микрочастиц противоастматического препарата сульфатасальбутамола, пригодных для производства ингаляционной лекарственной формы. В зависимости от концентрации сальбутамола в исходном растворе, скоростиего потока и давления образуются частицы сферической либо игольчатой формы размером 0,7-8,5 мкм. Зависимость среднего размера частиц от концентрации сальбутамола в исходном растворе немонотонна. Определены условия, прикоторых получаемые частицы сальбутамола удовлетворяют требованиям по формеи размеру для производства ингаляционных лекарственных форм.
The applicability of the method of supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS) toobtain microparticles of an anti-asthmatic salbutamol sulfate preparation suitable forthe production of an inhalable dosage form is studied. Depending on the concentrationof salbutamol in the starting solution, its flow rate and the pressure, spherical or needleshaped particles of 0.7 to 8.5 microns can be obtained. The dependence of the averageparticle size on the concentration of salbutamol in the initial solution is nonmonotonic.The conditions for the production of particles suitable in shape and size for theinhalation dosage form are determined.
EFFECT OF REAGENTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF BARIUM TITANATE SYNTHESIZED IN SUBCRITICAL WATER
Authors: Холодкова А.А. , Данчевская М.Н. , Ивакин Ю.Д. , Муравьева Г.П. , Пономарев С.Г. 
Published: September 2024

Исследованы структура и морфология мелкокристаллического титаната бария, синтезированного в докритическом водном флюиде при температуре 230 °С и давлении 2,9 МПа с использованием различные исходныгх реагентов: оксида бария BaO., октагидрата гидроксида бария Ba(OH) • 8HO и двух модификаций оксида титана (рутил и анатаз). Установлена связь между составом и свойствами реагентов и характеристиками получаемого из них титаната бария, свидетельствующая о твердофазном механизме формирования структуры BaTiO в докритическом водном флюиде.
The structure and morphology of fine-crystalline barium titanate synthesized in a subcritical water fluid at 230 °C and 2.9 MPa were studied. Barium oxide, barium hydroxide octahydrate Ba(OH) • 8HO and two modifications of titanium dioxide (rutile and anatase) were used as starting reactants . Relationships between the composition and properties of the reactants and the characteristics of the product (barium titanate) were revealed. They indicate that the product structure in the subcritical water is formed via a solid-phase mechanism.
TREATMENT OF ULTRA HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE IN SUB-AND SUPERCRITICAL FREONS MEDIA
Authors: Залепугин Д.Ю. , Тилькунова Н.А. , Чернышова И.В. , Власов М.И. 
Published: September 2024

Впервые изучен процесс насыщения полиэтилена высокой плотности и полиэтилентерефталата суб- и сверхкритическими фреонами и сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода. Показано, что субкритический фреон R22 поглощается этими полимерами в гораздо большем количестве, чем субкритический фреон R410а, а также сверхкритические R23 и диоксид углерода, что делает его перспективным для использования в процессах импрегнации и стерилизации полимеров.
Process of saturation of ultra high density polyethylene with sub- and supercritical freons and supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated for the first time. It was shown that subcritical freon R22 can be absorbed in much larger amounts by these polymers than subcritical freon R410à, as well as supercritical R23 and carbon dioxide, which makes it promising for use in the processes of impregnation and sterilization of polymers.
SMALL VOLUME CYCLONE SEPARATOR FOR SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDEXTRACTION
Authors: Устинович К.Б. , Прокопчук Д.И. , Покровский О.И. , Паренаго О.О. , Лунин В.В. 
Published: September 2024

Разработан дизайн циклонного сепаратора малого объема для сверхкритической флюидной экстракции со сменными резервуарами для улавливания экстракта. Предложен способ изготовления такого сепаратора методом SD-печати из легкодоступного полимерного материала. Показано, что сепаратор малого объема позволяет достигать большей полноты улавливания экстрактов по сравнению со стандартным для сверхкритической флюидной экстракции циклонным сепаратором большого объема.
A low-volume cyclone separator with changeable extract collection reservoirs for the supercritical fluid extraction is designed. A method for manufacturing the designed separator by 3D-printing from an available polymer is proposed. It is shown that the designed small volume separator allows for a greater extract recovery compared to a standard large volume cyclone separator in the supercritical fluid extraction.
Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of 1,2-Aminoalcohols (review)
Authors: Геньш К.В. , Геньш Т.С. , Базарнова Н.Г. 
Published: September 2024

Препаративное разделение энантиомеров - одно из наиболее распространенных применений сверхкритических флюидных технологий в современной производственной практике. В обзоре рассмотрены способы разделения энантиомеров фармацевтических субстанций, в структуре которых присутствует фрагмент 1,2-аминоспирта, с применением сверхкритической флюидной хроматографии. Также кратко обсуждаются типы хиральных фаз, применяемых в сверхкритической флюидной хроматографии.
Reparative separation of enantiomers is one of the most common applications of supercritical fluid technologies in modern production practice. In this review, methods for the preparative separation of enantiomers of pharmaceutical substances in which a 1,2-amino alcohol moiety is present are provided, using supercritical fluid chromatography. The types of chiral phases used in supercritical fluid chromatography are also briefly considered.
Optimization of Extraction Process of Oil of Alcoholic Beverage Production Berry Waste on an Example of Rowanberry
Authors: Ивахнов А.Д. , Садкова К.С. , Собашникова А.С. , Скребец Т.Э. 
Published: September 2024

С использованием ротатабельного композиционного униформ-плана 2-го порядка найдены оптимальные параметры выхода экстракта масла из переработанных плодов рябины (Sorbus aucuparia): давление 321 атм, температура 85 °С, продолжительность экстракции 72 мин. Прогнозируемый в этих условиях выход масла (9,06%) подтвержден экспериментально (9,02%). Выделенное масло охарактеризовано по антиоксидантной активности (АОА), составу жирных кислот, кислотному и иодному числу, а также числу омыления. Для сравнения использовали масло, полученное экстракцией н-гексаном.
Process of extraction of oil of the processed rowanberry has been optimized with use of central composite design of 2nd order. In work influence of pressure, temperature and duration on an extract exit is estimated. According to the used model optimum parameters are offered: duration of 72 minutes, temperature 85 °C and pressure 320,75 atm. The predicted oil exit (9,06%) in these conditions is experimentally confirmed (9,02 %). The oil was characterized on antioxidant activity (AOA), fatty acids, acid number, iodic number and number of saponification. The oil received by hexane extraction was used as an example for comparison. The workwas carried out using the equipment of the Centre of collective usage scientific equipment»Arctic» NArFU . The unique identifier is RFMEFI59417X0013.
Polymorphism of the Micronized Forms of Ibuprofen Being Obtained by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution
Authors: Опарин Р.Д. , Воробей А.М. , Киселев М.Г. 
Published: September 2024

Исследованы микронизированные формы ибупрофена при быстром расширении его раствора в сверхкритическом (СК) диоксиде углерода в интервале 40- 80 °С. На основании результатов, полученных методами анализа микрофотографий (СЭМ), рентгеноструктурного анализа (РСА) и дифференциально сканирующей калориметрии (ДСК) установлено, что микронизированная форма ибупрофена в целом представляет собой первый полиморф, но с нарушенной кристаллической структурой. Дефектами такой структуры могут являться микровключения расплавленного второго полиморфа (аморфной фазы), причем доля дефектов уменьшается с ростом температуры СК флюидного раствора.
Moscow, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemical Department In this work the investigation of the micronized forms of ibuprofen obtained by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solution being at various temperatures in the range of 40-80 °С has been fulfilled. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (RSA) and differential-scanning calorimetry (DSK) allowed coming to conclusion that the micronized form of ibuprofen obtained by RESS is the first polymorph with partially disturbed crystalline structure with comparison to the initial form. The defects of such structure may be the microinclusions of melted second polymorph. Moreover the molar fraction of these defects decreases with the increase of temperature of supercritical solution.