bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular determinants ofDrosophilaimmunophilin FKBP39 nuclear localization
Authors: Orłowski Marek , Popławska Katarzyna , Pieprzyk Joanna , Szczygieł-Sommer Aleksandra , Więch Anna , Zarębski Mirosław , Tarczewska Aneta , Dobrucki Jurek , Ożyhar Andrzej 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to a distinct class of immunophilins that interact with immunosuppressants. They use their peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity to catalyze thecis-transconversion of prolyl bonds in proteins during protein-folding events. FKBPs also act as a unique group of chaperones. TheDrosophila melanogasterpeptidyl-prolylcis-transisomerase FK506-binding protein of 39 kDa (FKBP39) is thought to act as a transcriptional modulator of gene expression in 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone signal transduction. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular determinants responsible for the subcellular distribution of an FKBP39-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion construct (YFP-FKBP39). We found that YFP-FKBP39 was predominantly nucleolar. To identify the nuclear localization signal (NLS), a series of YFP-tagged FKBP39 deletion mutants were prepared and examinedin vivo. The identified NLS signal is located in a basic domain. Detailed mutagenesis studies revealed that residues K188 and K191 are crucial for the nuclear targeting of FKBP39 and its nucleoplasmin-like (NPL) domain contains the sequence that controls the nucleolar-specific translocation of the protein. These results show that FKBP39 possesses a specific NLS in close proximity to a putative helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif and FKBP39 may bind DNAin vivoandin vitro.
Diskurse über induzierte pluripotente Stammzellforschung und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Gestaltung sozialkompatibler Lösungen – eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Rolfes Vasilija , Gerhards Helene , Opper Janet , Bittner Uta , Roth Phillip H. , Fangerau Heiner , Gassner Ulrich M. , Martinsen Renate 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Die Herstellung induzierter pluripotenter Stammzellen (iPS-Zellen) hat wahre Begeisterungsstürme in der Biomedizin, ihren bereichsethischen Reflexionen sowie der sie begleitenden Medienberichterstattung ausgelöst. Die Forschung an und (potentielle) klinische Nutzung von iPS-Zellen versprechen, ethische Kontroversen zu umgehen, welche durch die verbrauchende Forschung an humanen embryonalen Stammzellen (hES-Zellen) aufgeworfen und in Bioethik, Sozial- und Rechtswissenschaft sowie der bundesdeutschen Öffentlichkeit problematisiert worden waren. Die Induzierung pluripotenter Stammzellen macht jedoch nicht nur Hoffnung auf Heilung von Krankheiten, neue reproduktionsmedizinische Möglichkeiten und andere innovative biomedizinische Verfahren, sondern birgt erneut Unsicherheiten und wirft teilweise noch unbekannte Risiken auf, mit denen sich insbesondere die rechtliche Beurteilung und Gesetzgebung konfrontiert sehen. Dieser Beitrag versammelt Betrachtungen aus ethischer, politikwissenschaftlicher und juristischer Perspektive, um einem transparenten Umgang mit der Regulierung der iPS-Zellforschung und ihren Anwendungen den Weg zu ebnen. Sollen sozialkompatible und demokratisch erzeugte legitime Lösungen für den Einsatz von iPS-Zellen in Medizin und Forschung gefunden werden, so muss die ethische Legitimität des Einsatzes, ihr rechtlicher Status und die diesbezüglichen gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen untersucht und in politische Entscheidungsprozesse miteinbezogen werden.
Ein ethischer Konflikt, mehrere angemessene Lösungen?
Authors: Rüther Markus 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In der Psychiatrie sind wir häufig mit Konflikten konfrontiert, in denen zwischen dem Willen des Patienten und anderen normativen Faktoren, etwa dem Wohlergehen des Patienten oder dem Schutz Dritter, abgewogen wird. Bei der Diskussion dieser Konflikte wird zumeist ein Standardmodell unterstellt. Dieses besagt, dass sich Meinungsverschiedenheiten grundsätzlich auflösen lassen - und zwar so, dass es in einer Entscheidungssituation genau eine richtige Lösung gibt. In diesem Beitrag wird diese Annahme einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Daran anschließend wird ein alternatives Modell, der relativistische Pluralismus, präsentiert. Dessen Kernthese lautet, dass zwar sowohl die Autonomie des Patienten als auch die konkurrierenden Faktoren berechtigterweise normative Geltung besitzen, sich aber keine universellen Vorrangregeln formulieren lassen. Vielmehr müssen relative Priorisierungen angenommen werden, die je nach Person, Gesellschaft und Kultur variieren können. Der Aufsatz liefert eine Darstellung des relativistischen Pluralismus, betont seine Attraktivität - insbesondere gegenüber dem Standardmodell - und zeigt einige Konsequenzen auf, die sich aus ihm für den Umgang mit psychiatrischen Konfliktsituationen ergeben.
Ziele und Methoden der Partizipation von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Wedemeyer Friederike , Wiesemann Claudia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Das Konzept der Partizipation von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Medizin ermöglicht es, die negativen Auswirkungen eines dichotom verstandenen Selbstbestimmungskonzepts zu vermeiden und Minderjährige aktiv in den Behandlungsprozess einzubeziehen. Das trifft besonders auf die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie zu. Teilhabe an Behandlungsentscheidungen ist ein menschenrechtlich verbriefter Anspruch der Kinder und Jugendlichen und leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Genesung, indem im Sinne des Salutogenese- Konzepts das Gefühl der Verstehbarkeit, Handhabbarkeit und Sinnhaftigkeit im Umgang mit der Krankheit gefördert und damit die Selbstwirksamkeit des Kindes gestärkt werden. Wir erläutern, was man unter Partizipation versteht und stellen Partizipationsmethoden vor. Wir untersuchen, welche Möglichkeiten der Partizipation in der Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin erprobt wurden, welche Wünsche Kinder und Jugendliche in dieser Hinsicht hegen und welche Vorteile sich durch eine Umsetzung von Partizipation in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie ergeben können. Schließlich erörtern wir, wie die Behandlungsabsprache als eine besondere Partizipationsmethode in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie umgesetzt werden könnte.
On θ-commutators and the corresponding non-commuting graphs
Authors: Shalchi S. , Erfanian A. , Farrokhi DG M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The θ-commutators of elements of a group with respect to an automorphism are introduced and their properties are investigated. Also, corresponding to θ-commutators, we define the θ-non-commuting graphs of groups and study their correlations with other notions. Furthermore, we study independent sets in θ-non-commuting graphs, which enable us to evaluate the chromatic number of such graphs.
Enumeration of spanning trees in the sequence of Dürer graphs
Authors: Li Shixing 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we calculate the number of spanning trees in the sequence of Dürer graphs with a special feature that it has two alternate states. Using the electrically equivalent transformations, we obtain the weights of corresponding equivalent graphs and further derive relationships for spanning trees between the Dürer graphs and transformed graphs. By algebraic calculations, we obtain a closed-form formula for the number of spanning trees with regard to iteration step. Finally we compare the entropy of our graph with other studied graphs and see that its value of entropy lies in the interval of those of graphs with average degree being 3 and 4.
Sacrifice, Metaphor, and Evolution: Towards a Cognitive Linguistic Theology of Sacrifice
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article lays the groundwork for articulating a Christian theology of sacrifice within the framework of cognitive linguistics. I demonstrate the affinity and potential for mutual enrichment between three disparate fields of discourse. Beginning with Jonathan Klawans’s methodological proposals for understanding sacrifice as a meaningful phenomenon for those who engage(d) in it, I suggest that the double-scope conceptual blending described by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner provides a helpful resource for Klawans to clarify his thought and answer objections to his proposals. Fauconnier and Turner’s account of double-scope blends is set within an evolutionary account of human development and is the condition of possibility for language, art, science, and religion. I then put Fauconnier and Turner into dialogue with Sarah Coakley’s recent attempts to locate sacrifice within the evolutionary spectrum, and suggest that they provide a more helpful theory of language than Chomsky’s purely formal account.
Theology that Emerges from Cognitive Science: Applied to African Development
Authors: Harries Jim 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Recent developments in cognitive science are here interpreted as an apologetic for Christian theology. Naturalistic faiths are suggested to be dependent on the invention of ‘religion’, and domestication of the foreign through translation. A refusal to accept that a relationship with God is something that develops in the course of reflection, has added to his apparent invisibility. Advocates of embodied thinking who effectively undermine Descartes’ philosophy, open the door to theological reflection. A gender-based exploration reveals that means of predicting the embodied nature of thinking also point to the significance of God. Because human thinking is embodied, God also is perceived by people through his embodied impact - much as is the wind. That correct understanding of God brings human wellbeing, is here suggested to be as true for Africa as for Europe.
Okkasionalität: Zur Operationalisierung eines zentralen definitorischen Merkmals phraseologischer Modifikationen
Authors: Pfeiffer Christian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFrom a theoretical point of view, most researchers agree that phraseological modifications are characterized by three key features: 1. occasionality, 2. intentional deviance from conventional use, and 3. context-boundedness. The present paper deals with the feature of occasionality and its operationalization in the context of text-based phraseological research. In text-based studies to date, occasionality has been identified with an absence of lexicographic codification. Phraseological structures and meanings registered in dictionaries have been regarded as conventional, uncodified structures and meanings, as occasional and, eventually, as modifications unless there is clear evidence of an unacceptable and incorrect use of the phraseme. In this paper, however, it is argued that a simple identification of lexicographic codification and conventionality on the one hand and non-codification and occasionality on the other does not permit an adequate distinction between conventional and occasional uses of phraseological units. Instead, in the approach proposed here, it is the relative frequency of the particular phraseological form in the DeReKo corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus) that is used as the distinctive criterion to decide upon its status as conventional or occasional.
Idiom variation and decomposability Part I: Verbal variation
Authors: Cserép Attila 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVariant forms of idioms have been retrieved from an American English corpus of 450 million words to test the idiom decomposition hypothesis. The central claim of the hypothesis concerns the relationship between the degree of decomposability and the flexibility of idiomatic expressions: the more decomposable the idiom is, the more variable it is assumed to be. While Part I of the study is concerned with variation in the verb, Part II focuses on operations in the noun phrase constituent of the idiom. Part I compares flexibility data based on syntactic alternations pertaining to the expression as a whole and morphological variations of the verb (number, person, tense, aspect, mood, voice, negation) with one categorical and two scalar decomposability rankings. For the vast majority of verb-related variations, flexibility is not correlated with decomposability. The morphological category of voice has been found dependent on categorical decomposability, but it is not the highest decomposability class that exhibits the highest degree of variability.
Wortgruppenlexeme zwischen Wortbildung und Phraseologie
Authors: Elsen Hilke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a group of phraseological units which are similar to compounds in respect to structure, semantics and cognitive aspects. Terms such as Kap der guten Hoffnung (‘Cape of Good Hope’), Dreißigjähriger Krieg (‘Thirty Years’ War’), rechter Winkel (‘right angle’) and erste Hilfe (‘first aid’) are often considered to be problematic. These so-called Wortgruppenlexeme (WGL, multiword lexemes, phrasal lexical units) can be seen as lexemes consisting of two or more orthographically separate words. They form a syntactic and semantic unit, are motivated, and more or less free of connotations. They are relatively fixed, except for inflection. Many of them are phrasal names or clearly defined terms. Like compounds they are bases of shortening. In some variants of German they are extremely frequent and productive. Analyses of data collections show a relatively high percentage of WGL in languages for special purposes. They constitute 20% or even more than a third of the lexicon, considering repertory as well as neologisms. Thus, WGL are a systematic and productive way to coin new words analogously to compounds, but in contrast to all other types of phraseological units. To summarize, there are several reasons to posit WGL next to compounding and to see them as lexemes. Accordingly, they should be considered as analytical word formations. In this article we plead for the treatment of WGL in German word formation.
Manipulating Field Dimensions During Small-sided Games Impacts the Technical and Physical Profiles of Australian Footballers
Authors: Fleay Brock , Joyce Christopher , Banyard Harry , Woods Carl T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Brock, F, Christopher, J, Harry, B, and Carl, WT. Manipulating field dimensions during small-sided games impacts the technical and physical profiles of Australian footballers. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2039–2044, 2018—This study investigated the effect of manipulating field dimensions on the technical and physical profiles of Australian football (AF) players during small-sided games (SSGs). A total of 40 male players (23.9 ± 3.5 years) participated in 3, five-a-side SSGs; defined as “small” (20 × 30 m; 600 m2), “medium” (30 × 40 m; 1,200 m2), and “large” (40 × 50 m; 2,000 m2). Notational analyses enabled the quantification of technical skill indicators, whereas physical activity profiles were measured using microtechnology, resulting in 18 criterion variables. A multivariate analysis of variance modeled the main effect of field dimension on the criterion variables. A significant main effect was observed (V = 1.032; F
38, 102 = 2.863; p ≤ 0.05), with the “small” and “medium” SSGs generating more turnovers and ineffective handballs relative to the “large” SSG. Furthermore, the “small” SSG generated more tackles and fewer bounces compared with the “large” SSG. The “large” SSG generated a greater absolute distance, relative distance, maximum velocity, PlayerLoad, and distance >4.16 m·s−1 compared with the “small” and “medium” SSGs. These results provide AF coaches with insights into how task constraint manipulation impacts the technical and physical profiles of players during small-sided game-play. Thus, coaches and physical performance specialists could use this information to assist with the tactical periodization of technical complexity and physical load at different phases of the AF season.
Ventral and Dorsal Pathways Relate Differently to Visual Awareness of Body Postures under Continuous Flash Suppression
Authors: Zhan Minye , Goebel Rainer , de Gelder Beatrice 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVisual perception includes ventral and dorsal stream processes. However, it is still unclear whether the former is predominantly related to conscious and the latter to nonconscious visual perception as argued in the literature. In this study upright and inverted body postures were rendered either visible or invisible under continuous flash suppression (CFS), while brain activity of human participants was measured with functional MRI (fMRI). Activity in the ventral body-sensitive areas was higher during visible conditions. In comparison, activity in the posterior part of the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) showed a significant interaction of stimulus orientation and visibility. Our results provide evidence that dorsal stream areas are less associated with visual awareness.
Opposing and Complementary Topographic Connectivity Gradients Revealed by Quantitative Analysis of Canonical and Noncanonical Hippocampal CA1 Inputs
Authors: Sun Yanjun , Nitz Douglas A. , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhysiological studies suggest spatial representation gradients along the CA1 proximodistal axis. To determine the underlying anatomical basis, we quantitatively mapped canonical and noncanonical inputs to excitatory neurons in dorsal hippocampal CA1 along the proximal-distal axis in mice of both sexes using monosynaptic rabies tracing. Our quantitative analyses show comparable strength of subiculum complex and entorhinal cortex (EC) inputs to CA1, significant inputs from presubiculum and parasubiculum to CA1, and a threefold stronger input to proximal versus distal CA1 from CA3. Noncanonical subicular complex inputs exhibit opposing topographic connectivity gradients whereby the subiculum-CA1 input strength systematically increases but the presubiculum-CA1 input strength decreases along the proximal-distal axis. The subiculum input strength cotracks that of the lateral EC, known to be less spatially selective than the medial EC. The functional significance of this organization is verified physiologically for subiculum-to-CA1 inputs. These results reveal a novel anatomical framework by which to determine the circuit bases for CA1 representations.
Mitochondrial Ultrastructure Is Coupled to Synaptic Performance at Axonal Release Sites
Authors: Cserép Csaba , Pósfai Balázs , Schwarcz Anett Dóra , Dénes Ádám 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMitochondrial function in neurons is tightly linked with metabolic and signaling mechanisms that ultimately determine neuronal performance. The subcellular distribution of these organelles is dynamically regulated as they are directed to axonal release sites on demand, but whether mitochondrial internal ultrastructure and molecular properties would reflect the actual performance requirements in a synapse-specific manner, remains to be established. Here, we examined performance-determining ultrastructural features of presynaptic mitochondria in GABAergic and glutamatergic axons of mice and human. Using electron-tomography and super-resolution microscopy we found, that these features were coupled to synaptic strength: mitochondria in boutons with high synaptic activity exhibited an ultrastructure optimized for high rate metabolism and contained higher levels of the respiratory chain protein cytochrome-c (CytC) than mitochondria in boutons with lower activity. The strong, cell type-independent correlation between mitochondrial ultrastructure, molecular fingerprints and synaptic performance suggests that changes in synaptic activity could trigger ultrastructural plasticity of presynaptic mitochondria, likely to adjust their performance to the actual metabolic demand.
A Home Visiting Parenting Program and Child Obesity: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ordway Monica Roosa , Sadler Lois S. , Holland Margaret L. , Slade Arietta , Close Nancy , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Young children living in historically marginalized families are at risk for becoming adolescents with obesity and subsequently adults with increased obesity-related morbidities. These risks are particularly acute for Hispanic children. We hypothesized that the prevention-focused, socioecological approach of the “Minding the Baby” (MTB) home visiting program might decrease the rate of childhood overweight and obesity early in life.

METHODS:
This study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study in which we include data collected during 2 phases of the MTB randomized controlled trial. First-time, young mothers who lived in medically underserved communities were invited to participate in the MTB program. Data were collected on demographics, maternal mental health, and anthropometrics of 158 children from birth to 2 years.

RESULTS:
More children in the intervention group had a healthy BMI at 2 years. The rate of obesity was significantly higher (P &lt; .01) in the control group (19.7%) compared with the intervention group (3.3%) at this age. Among Hispanic families, children in the MTB intervention were less likely to have overweight or obesity (odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.78).

CONCLUSIONS:
Using the MTB program, we significantly lowered the rate of obesity among 2-year-old children living in low-socioeconomic-status communities. In addition, children of Hispanic mothers were less likely to have overweight or obesity at 2 years. Given the high and disproportionate national prevalence of Hispanic young children with overweight and obesity and the increased costs of obesity-related morbidities, these findings have important clinical, research, and policy implications.
Microwave energy-based synthesis and characterisation of hollow carbon nanospheres decorated with carbon nanotubes or metal oxide nanowires
Authors: Poyraz Selcuk 
Published: January 2018

Hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs), with either carbon nanotube (CNT) or metal oxide nanowire (MONW) decoration on their surface, were synthesised as building materials with a great potential for the next generation advanced applications. A well-established, polymeric latex NS synthesis method and a simply modified version of a microwave (MW) energy-based carbonisation approach, i.e. Poptube, were systematically combined to obtain these HCNSs. Through this simple, facile, affordable and easily scalable ‘combined synthesis method’, it was managed to successfully produce HCNSs with an unique morphological, spectroscopic, thermal and elemental features, all of which were strongly supported by both various material characterisation test results and the relevant previous literature data. Thus, it is believed that the as-synthesised CNT or MONW decorated HCNSs (CNT–MONW/HCNS) from the above-mentioned method would soon become the materials of preference for the next generation advanced applications in various science and engineering fields. Keywords: Hollow carbon nanospheres, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanowires, microwave energy, conducting polymer.