bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE, A HYPERCALCIURIC DIURETIC
Authors: JOHNY K. V. , LAWRENCE J. R. , O'HALLORAN M. W. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYAdministration of amiloride hydrochloride, a new potassium‐sparing diuretic, to six healthy volunteers for seven days produced significant hypercalciuria. No consistent interrelationship between the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, potassium or phosphorus was demonstrable. Three subjects with marked hypercalciuria showed no significant correlation between urinary calcium and sodium excretion, whereas one with marked hypercalciuria and two others with moderate or no hypercalciuria showed a significant correlation. A direct influence on the renal tubular handling of calcium, perhaps augmented by sodium diuresis, is suggested as a possible explanation for this hypercalciuric effect.
SURVIVAL STUDIES ON A COMMERCIAL PREPARATION OF INTRAVENOUS HUMAN GAMMAGLOBULIN LABELLED WITH 131I
Authors: WELLS J. VIVIAN , PENNY R. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe biological activity of a new preparation of human gammaglobulin (HGG) was assessed by performing metabolic protein survival studies with 131I‐labelled HGG(C.S.L.). The subjects included two normal controls and one patient each with cirrhosis, G‐myeloma and hypogammaglobulinæmia.In addition to IgG, the HGG(C.S.L.) contained 33 mg/100 ml IgM, less than 10 mg/100 ml IgA, and no detectable complement (as C′3) when assessed by immunological techniques.There were no reactions to the injected 131I‐HGG(C.S.L.), but all subjects showed significantly increased urinary excretion of free 131I in the initial 48 hours of the turnover study. This suggested that a proportion of IgG molecules in the HGG(C.S.L.) had been structurally altered during preparation. The catabolism of HGG(C.S.L.) was abnormally increased in normal controls, with a short half‐life and increased fractional turnover rate.In hypogammaglobulinæmia, both the plasma half‐life and fractional turnover rate were normal, and further studies and clinical trials on the efficacy of this preparation in this disease are warranted.
Low Density Lipoprotein Peptide Metabolism in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Scott P. J. , White B. M. , Winterbourn Christine C. , Hurley P. J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryUsing human serum low density lipoprotein labelled in the peptide component with 131I or 125I, turnover studies were carried out in nine patients suffering from nephrotic syndrome with accompanying hyperlipoproteinaemia. Results were compared with data obtained previously in a group of normal subjects, and with similar information from patients whose hyperlipoproteinaemia was associated with syndromes other than nephrosis.Fractional catabolic rates were normal in the nine patients with nephrotic syndrome and in four patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoproteinaemia. This pattern was similar to that previously described for patients with two forms of primary familial hyperlipoproteinaemia, but differed from the pattern reported for myxoedema in which hyperlipoproteinaemia was associated with a reduced fractional catabolic rate for low density lipoprotein peptide. In hypothyroidism the absolute catabolic rate was within the range observed in normal people, whereas in nephrosis and in primary or familial hyperlipoproteinaemia there was an increase in absolute turnover although the fractional rates were normal.From analysis of plasma decay curves it was concluded that in nephrotic syndrome, and in myxoedema, the proportion of the total miscible low density lipoprotein pool lying outside the plasma compartment was reduced.
The Occult Thymoma
Authors: Hare W. S. C. , Andrews J. T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThymomata which are too small to be detected by plain radiography, may be demonstrated by pneumomediastinography, thymic venography, and selenomethionine scanning of the mediastinum. These techniques were valuable in demonstrating a tumour in a woman with myasthenia gravis, leading to thymectomy.
The Measurement of Faecal Chymotrypsin
Authors: Muller L. , Wisniewski Z. S. , Hansky J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEstimation of faecal chymotrypsin in a 24 hour stool specimen in a group of normal control subjects and patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency provides a useful, simple and practical screening test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Normal faecal chymotrypsin levels, especially in the presence of steatorrhoea, rule out the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis as the cause of malabsorption. This test will not obviate the use of more sophisticated tests such as secretin stimulation but will enable the tests to be performed as confirmatory rather than screening procedures.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Johnston C. I. , Martin T. J. , Riddell J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe clinical features of a 45 year old woman with proven medullary carcinoma of the thyroid are described. The disease ran a typical prolonged course over 12 years with local recurrence of the tumour. Generalised spread of the carcinoma was associated with persistent and intractable diarrhoea for which no local bowel pathology could be ascertained. She also had hilar lymphadenopathy and a recurrent bloody malignant pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Biochemical investigations revealed normal thyroid function with no extrathyroidal uptake of a thyroid marker, and normal calcium and phosphorous metabolism. Plasma calcitonin assays showed a grossly elevated level of 8 MRC milli units/ml, which rose after an intravenous infusion of calcium chloride. Biopsy of tumour metastases demonstrated small spindle shaped neoplastic cells arranged in large alveolar groups and amyloid stroma. This case demonstrates many of the typical clinical, biochemical and histological features of the disease and adds further evidence that medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a tumour not of thyroid tissue but of the parafollicular or C cells of the thyroid which produce calcitonin. Furthermore, pre‐operative assay of plasma calcitonin may be of diagnostic value in cases of thyroid tumours.
Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum Universale (Fabry's Disease)
Authors: Duncan Campbell , McLeod Graham M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA 53‐year‐old man with angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale died after cerebral infarction. He was known to have atrial fibrillation for 11 years. Postmortem examination of the heart showed gross involvement of myocardial cells with lipid deposits. The clinical findings during life and the appearances of the myocardium by both light and electron microscopy are presented.
Selective Deficiency of IgA Immunoglobulins Associated with Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: Fraser Kevin J. , Rankin James G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe case record of a patient with carcinoma of the stomach in association with a selective deficiency of IgA immunoglobulins is presented. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the aetiology of the tumour and to the length of survival of the patient following its resection.
Abdominal Apoplexy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Webb John , Payne W. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA case of haemoperitoneum due to ruptured middle colic artery aneurysm, a rare complication of necrotising arteritis occurring in rheumatoid arthritis, is described. The types of arteritis which complicate rheumatoid arthritis are briefly discussed.
Electrical Cardiac Pacing in Patients Without Heart Block
Authors: Kiss Z. S. , Smith D. , Sloman G. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySix patients with recurrent supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to conventional medical treatment were selected for a trial of electrical pacing in an attempt to control the arrhythmias. All six patients had disabling symptoms, and had documentation of the arrhythmias. In five of the six patients the trial of pacing, combined with drug therapy was successful. Treatment has continued using an implanted cardiac pacemaker.
In‐Vivo Intestinal Mucosal Uptake of Iron, Body Iron Absorption and Gastric Juice Iron‐Binding in Idiopathic Haemochromatosis
Authors: Powell L. W. , Wilson Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNormal gastric juice possesses considerable iron‐binding properties. In patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis gastric juice iron‐binding did not differ significantly from normal and venesection therapy resulted in only minor changes in the iron‐binding ability.In‐vivo intestinal mucosal uptake of iron and body iron absorption (retention) were both significantly increased in patients with haemochromatosis after venesection therapy but the results showed no significant relationship to the degree of gastric juice iron‐binding in either patients with haemochromatosis or normal subjects. Neutralized gastric juice from patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis did not significantly affect intestinal mucosal uptake or body iron absorption in subjects with histamine‐fast achlorhydria when compared with normal, neutralized gastric juice. In four patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis who had not been subjected to venesection treatment, the results for mucosal uptake were within the normal range whereas body iron absorption was significantly increased.These findings do not support the hypothesis that the increased iron absorption in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis results from a defect in gastric secretion. On the contrary, they point to a mucosal rather than a luminal abnormality in this disease.
Factors Influencing the Prognosis of the Alcoholic Patient with Cirrhosis
Authors: Rankin James R. , Wilkinson Patricia , Santamaria Joseph N. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySeventy seven alcoholic patients, 54 men and 23 women were found to have cirrhosis of the liver when they first attended the Alcoholism Clinic at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, between July 1964, and June 1968. Seven of these patients were in the terminal phase of their illness and died without leaving hospital. Fourteen patients attended the clinic only briefly and could not be traced subsequently. The remaining 56 alcoholic patients, 40 men and 16 women with histologically proven cirrhosis were followed for periods of from ten to 57 months (mean 31 months). Mortality and morbidity from complications of cirrhosis were correlated with the patients' drinking habits during the period of study, their occupational status and their sex.Fourteen patients gave up alcohol completely, 17 reduced their alcohol intake, while 25 did not modify their drinking habits. The periods of follow‐up were similar in these three groups and also in men compared with women, and in men of “white‐collar” occupational status compared with “blue‐collar” male workers.The most important factor influencing the clinical course of cirrhosis in this series of patients was the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages. All but one of the 14 patients who stopped drinking were alive at the end of the study, and had been symptomfree from the time of initial therapy. Eight of the 42 patients who continued to drink had died, and 23 had experienced episodes of jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites or haemorrhage from oesophageal varices.Social class also appeared to influence the outcome of established alcoholic cirrhosis. “Blue‐collar” workers presented more often with symptomatic cirrhosis, and subsequently experienced greater morbidity and mortality.Morbidity and mortality were not significantly different in men and women with alcoholic cirrhosis.These results suggest that in the patient with alcoholic cirrhosis, where the prognosis for the underlying alcoholism is good, the outlook for cirrhosis is also favourable and vigorous treatment of both conditions is indicated.
Effect of Vagotomy on Serum Gastrin in Patients with Duodenal Ulceration
Authors: Byrnes D. J. , Lazarust L. , Young J. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe concept of increased vagal activity in patients with duodenal ulceration was investigated by observing the effect of medical and surgical vagotomy on the secretion of gastrin.Using a radioimmunoassay technique fasting serum levels of gastrin were determined in 41 normal subjects, 40 patients with duodenal ulceration and 16 patients following vagotomy. The effect of atropine on gastrin secretion was observed in a further 2 patients with duodenal ulceration.The patients with duodenal ulceration were found to have elevated serum levels of gastrin. The 8 patients with “complete” vagotomy had significantly lower serum levels of gastrin than the patients with duodenal ulceration, the patients with an “incomplete” vagotomy or the normal subjects. Post‐vagotomy hypergastrinaemia was associated with a recurrence of ulceration.The abolition, by medical or surgical vagotomy, of the hypergastrinaemia associated with duodenal ulceration is consistent with the hypothesis of an increased vagal tone in this disease. These studies also suggest that gastrin estimations may be useful in predicting the presence of inadequate vagotomies.
Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate using a Single Injection of 51Cr‐Edetic Acid
Authors: Bailey R. R. , Rogers T. G. H. , Tait J. J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA simple method of estimating the glomerular filtration rate using a single injection of 51 Cr‐EDTA is described. The technique, which avoids urine collections, has been found to correlate well with the 24 hour endogenous creatinine clearance over a wide range of renal function. The complex is not attached to erythrocytes or significantly bound to plasma proteins. In non‐oedematous patients equilibration in the body space is completed in under 2 hours, following which an exponential fall in plasma activity occurs.
Inhalation and Perfusion Lung Scans in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Despas P. , Walker A. , McRae J. , Read John 
Published: September 2017

SummaryInhalation and perfusion lung scans were performed in 15 patients with bronchial asthma, during an exacerbation and during a relatively symptom‐free phase in each patient. The inhalation scans were obtained using an aerosol containing a Tc99m‐iron complex, the perfusion scans with intravenously injected I131 macro‐aggregated albumin.The pulmonary distribution of both inhaled and injected material was uneven in all 15 patients during exacerbations of asthma. The distribution of both inhaled and injected material became more even as the patients recovered.The limitations of an inhaled radio‐active aerosol as an indicator of uneven distribution of ventilation were explored. In particular, it was found that aerosol was selectively deposited on sputum lying proximally in the bronchial tree.In five patients during an exacerbation of asthma, the distribution of isotope in the perfusion scan was very similar to the distribution of isotope in the inhalation scan. This indicates fairly good matching of blood flow distribution with abnormal ventilation distribution on a topographical basis in such patients.
Blood Fibrinolysis and Coagulation in New Guineans and Australians
Authors: Grace C. S. , Sinnett P. F. , Whyte H. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryStudies were made in fasting and resting healthy New Guineans, 24 males and 24 females, and 71 young Australian males. New Guineans had shorter recalcification coagulation times (means, 250 v. 324 sec.) and shorter dilute blood clot lysis times (2.88 v. 3.92 hr) but not shorter euglobulin lysis times than Australians. The two measures of fibrinolysis correlated highly in both races (r >0.6, P <0.001). Measures of coagulability, including partial thromboplastin times in Australians, did not correlate significantly with any indices of body build. An inverse relationship between blood fibrinolytic activity and adiposity as measured by skinfolds was present but statistically insignificant in both racial groups. A more accurate estimate of body fat could be made only in Australians and gave a significant relationship (r ‐0.275, P <0.02). From consideration of the results and published reports it was suggested that there is a true relationship between fibrinolysis and adiposity which holds for different races and that differences in body fatness may account for much of the observed racial differences in fibrinolysis. There was no relation of fibrinolysis to muscularity. Blood fibrinolysis was positively related to coagulability (r >0.4, P <0.001) in both racial groups. Further work is needed on the interplay between the coagulative and fibrinolytic systems and its possible relevance to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic and thrombotic diseases.
Fibrin Degradation Products in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Fiddes P. J. , Penny R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA 68‐year‐old man presented with the typical picture of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The presence of fibrin degradation products in the patient's serum was demonstrated as the only abnormality of coagulation.The patient is unusual in that the evidence for the presence of a consumption coagulopathy rested upon the presence of fibrin degradation products and thrombocytopenia. He has recovered following heparin therapy, and is being maintained asymptomatically, despite evidence of continued disease activity, by use of warfarin sodium.
Polycythaemia Vera and Chorea
Authors: Sangster J. F. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPolycythaemia vera is often associated with neurological syndromes, but it is rare for it to present as chorea. A 71‐year‐old woman presented totally incapacitated by her gross chorea and responded dramatically to treatment of her underlying polycythaemia vera. A haematological relapse was accompanied by a mild recurrence of symptoms, which again improved after further venesection. The possible pathogenesis is discussed.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Induced by Procaine Amide
Authors: Whittingham Senga , Mackay I. R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA disease resembling spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis occurred in a 65‐year‐old man with cardiac arrhythmia given procaine amide. The features included arthralgia, fever, a rheumatoid nodule, glomerulonephritis with deposits of immune complexes in the kidney and high titres of antinuclear antibody. Prednisolone induced a remission but a subsequent pulmonary embolus was fatal.It is not known how auto‐immune disease is induced by drugs, particularly procaine amide, nor why man is susceptible whereas laboratory animals are not. A better understanding of SLE induced by procaine amide and certain other drugs could clarify causal mechanisms of auto‐immune disease in general.
K2CaSi4O10: A novel phase in the ternary system K2O–CaO–SiO2 and member of the litidionite group of crystal structures
Authors: Schmidmair Daniela , Kahlenberg Volker , Grießer Anja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe main goal of this work was to verify whether a phase with composition K2CaSi4O10 exists in the ternary system K2O‐CaO‐SiO2. Therefore, a series of solid‐state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of K2CO3, CaCO3 and SiO2 was performed at 800 and 900?C which, indeed, resulted in the formation of this previously unknown potassium calcium silicate. More detailed characterizations of this compound were based on single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments. Basic crystallographic data are as follows: triclinic symmetry, space group P‐1, a = 7.0915(7) Å, b = 8.4211(9) Å, c = 10.2779(12) Å, α = 104.491(10)°, β = 100.570(9)°, γ = 113.738(9)°, V = 515.26(10) Å3, Z = 2. Structure solution was performed by direct methods. Subsequent refinement calculations using anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms converged to a residual of R(|F|) = 0.0355 for 1889 independent reflections with I > 2σ(I). From a structural point of view K2CaSi4O10 belongs to the so‐called litidionite family of A′AMSi4O10 compounds for which several natural and synthetic representatives have been described in the literature. Actually, it is the first member where the A′‐ and A‐positions are exclusively occupied by K‐ions. Following the nomenclature for oxosilicates K2CaSi4O10 can be allocated to the group of the tubular chain silicates. Fundamental building units are loop‐branched dreier double chains (running parallel to [100]) which can be described using the following structural formula: {lB,}[3Si8O20]. Ca‐ions are coordinated by 5 nearest oxygen neighbors in form of distorted trigonal bipyramids. By sharing a common edge two adjacent bipyramids are linked into [Ca2O8]‐dimers providing linkage between consecutive tubes in the direction of the c‐axis. Charge compensation is achieved by the incorporation of the larger potassium ions into cavities of the heteropolyhedral network. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns of the bulk material of the synthesis products revealed that, additionally to K2CaSi4O10, the 800°C ‐sample contained K8CaSi10O25 and at least one further, yet unknown crystalline phase. This unidentified so‐called 22‐Å compound was also present in the 900 °C‐specimen together with K2CaSi4O10 and K2Ca4Si8O21. Our proof of existence of K2CaSi4O10 is a further step towards a better understanding of the ternary system K2O‐CaO‐SiO2 and provides a basis for identification and quantification of this compound in phase analysis. It corrects earlier phase‐analytical studies on this system which is of relevance for applied and technical mineralogy including different types of residual materials such as slags or ashes from biomass combustion. The results of our investigation show that even comparatively simple ternary oxide systems are not as well understood as expected.
Are brown trout Salmo trutta fario and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss two of a kind? A comparative study of salmonids to temperature‐influenced Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection
Authors: Bailey C , Schmidt‐Posthaus H , Segner H , Wahli T , Strepparava N 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae causes high mortalities of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at elevated water temperatures. Here the aim was to compare the temperature‐dependent modulation of T. bryosalmonae in the two salmonid host species, which display different temperature optima. We used a novel experimental set‐up in which we exposed brown trout and rainbow trout to an identical quantified low concentration of T. bryosalmonae for a short time period (1 hr). We followed the development of the parasite in the fish hosts for 70 days. PKD prevalence and parasite kinetics were assessed using qPCR. Exposures were performed at temperatures (12°C and 15°C) that reflect an environmental scenario that may occur in the natural habitat of salmonids. T. bryosalmonae infection was confirmed earliest in brown trout kept at 15°C (day 7 post‐exposure) while, in all other groups, T. bryosalmonae was not confirmed until day 15 post‐exposure. Moreover, significantly greater infection prevalence and a faster increase of parasite intensity were observed in brown trout kept at 15°C than in all other groups. These results indicate that PKD is differentially modulated by water temperature in related host species.