bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethik der Veränderung
Authors: Wille Katrin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Pragmatist ethics is not a special discipline. Human action and human experience as such have to be described and analysed in an ethical perspective. This means a reinterpretation of the whole idea of normative ethics. John Dewey’s philosophy provides a rich source for this task. In the article I show the interdependencies between a “logic of experience”, an “aesthetics of experience”, and an “ethics of experience”. The “logic of experience” offers a key to understanding and deepening our concrete experiences. If we study possible situations thoroughly (“aesthetics of experience”), we can see why and how a distinction between facts and norms becomes necessary. This brings up the question whether one’s own or others’ behaviour preserves the conditions of the variability of experience. It is the purpose of an “ethics of experience” to show the strength of this question for normative orientation and judgement.
Gibt es eine pragmatistische Ethik?
Authors: Hartmann Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that classical pragmatism has not developed an ethical outlook that deserves to be taken seriously despite the fact that John Dewey, in particular, has published several books on ethics. Major contemporary textbooks in ethics do not mention a possible pragmatist ethics. However, recently there have been various approaches in ethics and political philosophy that claim to base their normative accounts on pragmatist ideas (Philip Kitcher, Elizabeth Anderson). The article introduces these approaches and suggests that they adopt a methodological or proceduralist interpretation of pragmatism devoid of substantial ethical assumptions. It is then claimed that a purely methodological or procedural reading of pragmatism runs into problems that can only be solved if a closer look is taken at some of the more substantial ethical assumptions of pragmatism. Following a review of central elements of Dewey’s ethics, in particular his description of the role of the self in moral dilemmas, typical criticisms of these assumptions are discussed and partially rebutted. It is then suggested that one might conceptualise a pragmatist ethics as a “consequentialism of character”.
Parasitological survey of Polish primitive horses (Equus caballus gmelini Ant.): influence of age, sex and management strategies on the parasite community
Authors: Slivinska K. , Kharchenko V. , Wróblewski Z. , Gawor J. , Kuzmina T. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
An extensive analysis of the relationship between age, sex, and different types of management strategies relative to the gastrointestinal parasite community of Polish primitive horses was performed on 124 horses maintained in nine farms from four regions of Poland. The horses (96 females and 28 males) were housed in three types of management strategies: stabled (ST), free-ranging (FR) and semi-free (SF). These horses also were divided into three age groups: <3 years, 3 – 10 years and >10 years old. The gastrointestinal parasites were collected following deworming of all horses with anthelmintics containing the macrocyclic lactones and praziquantel. Totally, 66,192 parasite specimens were collected and identified. The analysis of dependence of horse infection with intestinal nematodes using sex, age and management strategies demonstrated that females had significantly heavier infections of strongylids. Young horses (<3 years old) had higher infections of Parascaris equorum and Strongyloides westeri. Free ranging horses were more infected with strongylids, Oxyuris equi and Gasterophilus intestinalis. Thirty-five nematode species, one cestode and one species of the botfly larvae of Gasterophilus were found. Diagnostic deworming examination revealed presence of Parascaris equorum in 27.4 %, Oxyuris equi in 38.7 %, Habronema muscae in 16.9 %, Anoplocephala perfoliata in 42.7 % and Gasterophilus intestinalis in 46.8% in the Polish primitive horses examined. Strongyloides westeri presence was confirmed only by fecal samples examination; threadworms were not observed in these horses after deworming. In the strongylid community, 31 species (6 of subfamily Strongylinae and 25 of Cyathostominae) were found. Significant differences in prevalence of separate strongylid species, or their proportions in the communities were not observed between females and males, or between age groups (p > 0.05). The highest species diversity (n=30 or 31) was observed in the FR horses, the lowest (n=15) – in ST horses. The FR horses had higher prevalence and proportion of large strongyles in the community, in comparison to SF or ST horses (p < 0.05).
Crenosoma vulpisinfection in a four-month old puppy
Authors: Matos B. , Colella V. , Alho A. M. , Otranto D. , Doyle R. , Madeira de Carvalho L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryHere we report the case of a diagnostic and treatment challenge in a four-month old dog from England, presented with one-month history of unproductive cough. Antigen blood test forAngiostrongylus vasoruminfection was negative. Thoracic radiographs revealed a generalised bronchointerstitial pattern and bronchoscopy showed moving nematodes in the mucus of the bronchial wall. Additionally, Baermann technique revealed a high burden of larvae per gram of faeces. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that they were first stage larvae ofCrenosoma vulpis. The infection was firstly treated with a spot-on solution containing 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin, but the dog was still positive after 13 days. Therefore, a seven-day course of fenbendazole was prescribed. This represents one of the youngest dogs ever reported naturally infected byC. vulpis. The scant number of reported cases of crenosomosis has led practitioners to consider it as a rare parasitic disease in dogs, delaying a correct and targeted on-time diagnosis. Further studies are needed to perceive the real prevalence of this lungworm and to understand if it is a rare parasite or just rarely diagnosed.
The fetal brain: role of progesterone and allopregnanolone
Authors: Pluchino Nicola , Russo Marinella , Genazzani Andrea R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Progesterone and allopregnanolone have crucial and different roles in brain development, function and recovery after injury. Pregnancy is characterized by an increased synthesis of progesterone and its neuro-active metabolites by the placenta, maternal and fetal brain. This supports the critical role of these steroids in maternal brain adaptation during pregnancy and development of the fetal brain. Moreover, allopregnanolone may play a brain-protective role during complications of pregnancy, complications of pregnancy, such as preterm delivery or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), by reducing the impact of hypoxia and excitotoxic brain damage or impairment myelination. Behavioral consequences of altered progesterone/allopregnanolone fetal brain programming have also been hypothesized, although further evidence is needed. New potential applications of allopregnanolone as a treatment strategy have also been proposed, addressing unmet clinical needs in perinatal care.
Student Perceptions about the Influence of a Perioperative Nursing Elective on Career Preferences
Authors: Schmidt Nola A. , Brown Janet M. , Holmes Linda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt has been suggested that offering perioperative nursing courses will increase the number of nurses and new graduates who enter the perioperative area. There is little research to support that students’ career choices are influenced by immersion in perioperative content. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe student perceptions of perioperative nursing as a career option following completion of an elective in perioperative nursing. Two focus groups were held involving students (N=19) who completed the course. One hour sessions were audio taped as students described their perceptions about perioperative nursing. Tapes were transcribed verbatim and analysed for themes. Four themes were identified: 1) opening their eyes: career advantages, 2) being captive: career disadvantages, 3) paradox unrecognized, and 4) I’ll be a better nurse. Although students were not persuaded to alter their primary employment intentions, they acknowledged the possibility of a future career in the perioperative area.
Capacity Improvement of a Free Space Optical Satellite Uplink using Transmitter Power and Rate Adaptation
Authors: Gopal Pooja , Jain V. K. , Kar Subrat 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDegradation due to atmospheric turbulence leads to significant outage in a free space optical satellite uplink with fixed transmitter parameters. If the channel state is known at the transmitter, then its parameters can be suitably changed, and there could be a considerable improvement in channel capacity. However, the extremely long link length of an Earth-to-Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite link would render feedback of channel state from the receiver infeasible, before the channel changes. In this paper, a channel pre-estimation method at the transmitter is proposed, and the expression for capacity with transmitter power and rate adaptation is derived. The results are compared with that of the capacity with outage. It is observed that there can be an improvement by a factor of 1.66 in achievable average capacity per Hertz with the adaptive transmitter. Also, the outage probability is reduced from 18.02 % to almost 0.
Prenatal decision-making in the second and third trimester in trisomy 21-affected pregnancies
Authors: Weichert Alexander , Braun Thorsten , Deutinger Christine , Henrich Wolfgang , Kalache Karim D. , Neymeyer Joerg 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosome abnormality among live-born infants and the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. The majority of pregnancies affected by DS are terminated. The decision concerning whether or not to continue a pregnancy following the prenatal diagnosis of DS is complex and amongst others, motivated by attitudes towards termination, socioeconomic factors, and ultrasound findings. In Germany, termination of pregnancy (TOP) is a legal option, even during the later stages of gestation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes as well as possible factors that influence the decisions made by women with trisomy 21-affected pregnancies. In our study 112 pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 were included. Our data confirm that most patients are more likely to terminate a trisomy 21-affected pregnancy [76 (67.9%) vs. 36 (32.1%) continued pregnancies]. Beyond that we found that women who continued their pregnancy tended to be at an advanced stage in their pregnancy at the time of karyotyping. With regards to factors from their medical history as well as sonographic findings there was no identifiable single factor that could distinguish between women that opted to continue or terminate their pregnancy.
Testing for a Change in Mean under Fractional Integration
Authors: Iacone Fabrizio , Leybourne Stephen J. , Robert Taylor A.M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We consider testing for the presence of a change in mean, at an unknown point in the sample, in data that are possibly fractionally integrated, and of unknown order. This testing problem has recently been considered in a number of papers, most notably Shao (2011, “A Simple Test of Changes in Mean in the Possible Presence of Long-Range Dependence.” Journal of Time Series Analysis 32:598–606) and Iacone, Leybourne, and Taylor (2013b, “A Fixed-b Test for a Break in Level at an Unknown Time under Fractional Integration.” Journal of Time Series Analysis 35:40–54) who employ Wald-type statistics based on OLS estimation and rely on a self-normalization to overcome the fact that the standard Wald statistic does not have a well-defined limiting distribution across different values of the memory parameter. Here, we consider an alternative approach that uses the standard Wald statistic but is based on quasi-GLS estimation to control for the effect of the memory parameter. We show that this approach leads to significant improvements in asymptotic local power.
Language policy and governmentality in businesses in Wales: a continuum of empowerment and regulation
Authors: Barakos Elisabeth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this paper, I examine how language policy acts as a means of both empowering the Welsh language and the minority language worker and as a means of exerting power over them. For this purpose, the study focuses on a particular site: private sector businesses in Wales. Therein, I trace two major discursive processes: first, the Welsh Government’s national language policy documents that promote corporate bilingualism and bilingual employees as value-added resources; second, the practice and discourse of company managers who sustain or appropriate such promotional discourses for creating and promoting their own organisational values. By drawing on concepts from governmentality, critical language policy and discourse studies, I show that promoting bilingualism in business is characterised by local and global governmentalities. These not only bring about critical shifts in valuing language as symbolic entities attached to ethnonational concerns or as promotional objects that bring material gain. Language governmentalities also appear to shape new forms of ‘languaging’ the minority language worker as self-governing, and yet, governed subjects who are ultimately made responsible for ‘owning’ Welsh.
Torsional vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced conical shells
Authors: Kiani Yaser 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present study deals with the free torsional vibration of a composite conical shell made of a polymeric matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Distribution of CNTs across the thickness of the conical shell may be uniform or functionally graded. Five different cases of functionally graded reinforcements are considered. First-order shear deformable shell theory compatible with the Donnell kinematic assumptions is used to establish the motion equations of the shell. These equations are two coupled equations which should be treated as an eigenvalue problem. The generalized differential quadrature method is used to obtain a numerical solution for the torsional frequency parameters and the associated mode shapes of the shell. After validating the results of this study for the cases of isotropic homogeneous cone and annular plates, parametric studies are carried out to analyze the influences of geometrical characteristics of the shell, volume fraction of CNTs, and grading profile of the CNTs. It is shown that volume fraction of CNTs is an important factor with regard to torsional frequencies of the shell; however, grading profile does not change the torsional frequencies significantly.
Remarks on the citations of authors and works in ancient scholarship
Authors: Montanari Franco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:The abundance of citations of literary texts in erudite works originating from commentaries written by the philologists of the Hellenistic-Roman age is a highly important testimony of the exegetical activity of ancient scholars and the depth of their literary knowledge. Although a correct assessment of the proportions of this phenomenon is made difficult by the loss of a vast amount of erudite sources and quotations of passages during the transmission process, the importance of citations is crucial in order to properly appreciate the level achieved by ancient philology and its significance as a historical-cultural phenomenon.
A Musical Note from Roman Cyprus
Authors: Hussein Ersin , Raffa Massimo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:In antiquity, the Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia at Palaipaphos was Cyprus’ most celebrated religious space. The high number of Hellenistic and Roman inscriptions discovered at the sanctuary reveals that it was an important environment for the celebration of the island’s rulers, high profile visitors, and its local elite. While the accompanying statues of these inscriptions, or the structures that they may have been fixed to, do not survive, their texts point to the visually impressive character of the sanctuary. This article will present new readings of two inscriptions discovered at this sanctuary which commemorate the poet Lucius Septimius Nestor of Laranda and a certain Sergia Aurelia Regina. The relationship between poet and benefactress, as it appears from the two inscriptions, is to be placed beyond doubt in the framework of female euergetism in the Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire, during the second to third centuries AD. This study will reconsider the musical pun occurring in an inscription set up by Regina to honour Nestor as it sheds some new light on the nature of this relationship and may account for some puzzling features of the inscription, such as the self-celebrating tone in which Regina speaks of herself and the title of
Re-Educating Jet-Engine-Researchers to Stay Relevant
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract, jet-engine researchers, designers and operators should follow changing uses of small and large jet engines, especially those anticipated to be used by/in the next generation,In addition, some diminishing returns from isolated, non-integrating, jet-engine component studies, vs. relevant, supersonic, shock waves control inThe central roles of the jet engine as primary or backup flight controller also constitute key relevant issues, especially under post stall conditions involving induced engine-stress while participating in crash prevention or minimal path-time maneuvers to target. [are anticipated to overcome US legislation red-tape that obstructs JES-add-on-emergency-kits-use. [
Blocking mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) improves neuropathic pain evoked by spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Li Xiaojia , Huang Bin , Ma Shuai 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an extremely serious type of physical trauma observed in clinics. Neuropathic pain resulting from SCI has a lasting and significant impact on most aspects of daily life. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathways responsible for the cause of neuropathic pain observed in SCI is important to develop effective therapeutic agents and treatment strategies. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is well known for its critical roles in regulating protein synthesis and growth. Furthermore, compelling evidence supports the notion that widespread dysregulation of mTOR and its downstream pathways are involved in neuropathic pain. Thus, in this study we specifically examined the underlying mechanisms by which mTOR and its signaling pathways are involved in SCI-evoked neuropathic pain in a rat model. Overall, we demonstrated that SCI increased the protein expression of p-mTOR, and mTORmediated- phosphorylation of 4E–binding protein 4 (4E-BP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (S6K1) in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Also, we showed that blocking spinal mTOR by intrathecal injection of rapamycin significantly inhibited pain responses induced by mechanical and thermal stimulation. In addition, blocking spinal phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K) pathway significantly attenuated activities of p-mTOR pathways as well as mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in SCI rats. Moreover, blocking mTOR and PI3K decreased the enhanced levels of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal horn of SCI rats. We revealed specific signaling pathways leading to SCI-evoked neuropathic pain, including the activation of PI3K, mTOR and its downstream signaling pathways. Targeting one or more of these signaling molecules may present new opportunities for treatment and management of neuropathic pain often observed in patients with SCI.
Criticising Einstein: Science, Politics, and International Relations during the Chinese Cultural Revolution
Authors: Sato Yuko 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In China during the Cultural Revolution (CR), physicist Albert Einstein became one of the main targets of criticism. Why did China criticise him, while it was developing nuclear weapons based on his theories? This article argues that basic research in China then was entangled in power struggle which contained a controversy over China’s handling of intellectuals and its conception of the West. Even during the CR, however, scientists’ struggle for building a high-energy accelerator continued. Zhou Enlai supported it for his own power struggle as well as China’s nuclear development. The Lin Biao incident and the Sino-US rapprochement provided Zhou and his group opportunities to undermine the CR’s logic. Thus, this article argues that rebuilding of basic research in China was intertwined with both domestic and international politics.
Wege und Abwege. Zu den Metaphern in der ramessidischen Weisheitsliteratur
Authors: Di Biase-Dyson Camilla 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
This study analyses a series of New Kingdom wisdom texts in order to outline the rhetorical power of spatial metaphors, particularly metaphors of path. Firstly we differentiate those metaphors that explicitly mention a path from those that refer in a more implicit manner to some kind of path and its concomitant features. What we find is that path-based metaphors (particularly implicit ones) become more numerous as the rhetorical weight of the text increases – when, in other words, the more enumerative wisdom text genre takes on characteristics of the exhortations of scribal school texts. Additionally, the multidimensional methodology allows one to note connections between metaphors that occur within a single text, as well as to trace similar features in texts of the same genre and of different genres.
The Funerary Ensemble of Nairis in the Hermitage Museum
Authors: Meffre R. , Nikolaev A.N. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Publication of a funerary ensemble brought back from Egypt in 1827 by Anastasios Averoff and now kept in the Hermitage museum, Saint Petersburg. It comprises an outer coffin and a cartonnage pertaining to a woman named Nairis, who lived in the Theban area at the end of the Libyan Period. She may be identified with the mother of a maid, known through her coffin and her funerary stele, both items dated to the 25th Dynasty.
Reuniting Philology and Archaeology: The “Emic” and “Etic” in the Letter of the Dead Qau Bowl UC16163 and its Context
Authors: Miniaci Gianluca 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
The present article aims to combine an accurate philological analysis of the letter to the dead UC16163 and its archaeological context. The letter is a double document containing two letters addressed by Shepsi to both his dead parents (Iinkhenmut and Iy). In fact, the letter was found in an undisturbed tomb, no. 7695, in the necropolis of Qau, where only a single male deceased lay in the funerary chamber, with no evidence/traces of any further interment or later disturbance. According to the text of the letter, one would expect two internments inside the tomb, Shepsi’s father and mother. The discrepancy between the content of the letter and the archaeological evidence is remarkable. However, the new philological reading here proposed sheds new light on the role of Shepsi’s brother, Sobekhotep, switching his role from the dangerous, as previously interpreted, to simply negligent dead. Sobekhotep is the prime element in both texts and he is the last person to have died in Shepsi’s family, as in many points evident in the two letters. The particular emphasis of the episode of the funeral/burial of Sobekhotep reveals that Shepsi is addressing directly to his brother. The new interpretation of the text seems to support the idea that the deceased found together with the bowl in Qau tomb 7695 is Sobekhotep himself.