bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Twin Study of the Influence of Smoking on Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Hauge M. , Harvald B. , Reid D. D. 
Published: July 2016

The Danish Twin Register, which comprises all twins born in Denmark between 1870 and 1920, has been used for studies of selected problems in the field of epidemiology and public health. This report gives a survey of the preliminary results of an investigation of this type, which intends to amplify the present knowledge about the possible harmful effects of smoking on health, by taking advantage of a twin material which makes it possible to keep the genetic factors under control.A series of 762 MZ and same-sexed DZ twin pairs, which had their smoking habits mapped in 1959, has been followed continuously, and the mortality which has occurred in this group has been analysed in relation to tobacco consumption. Neither MZ nor DZ pairs showed any tendency to increased mortality in the heavier smoking cotwins. When the material was subdivided according to cause of death, no conspicuous exception from the general pattern was found, but the subgroups were relatively small.The distribution of selected diseases and symptoms, mainly of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, was studied in this and a second series, followed since 1966, with a total of 1584 pairs.
Effects of Melphalan on a Sensitive and a Resistant Yoshida Ascites Tumour
Authors: Cooper E. H. , Topping Norma E. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe mode of action of the alkylating agent Melphalan on Yoshida ascites tumours resistant and sensitive to alkylating agents in rats has been studied. A combination of autoradiography and analytical histochemistry has been used to measure changes in the cell kinetics. The sensitive strain showed a marked fall in mitotic index, build up in G2 and finally interphase death occurring 24-72 hours after treatment. The resistant form showed only slight mitotic inhibition and a possible recovery phase 24-30 hours after treatment, without evidence of cytological damage.
Cytologic dysplasia after treatment with antimitotic agents
Authors: Baserga A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAntimitotic agents induce pathological alterations by suspension of the normal cellular renewal: it results the picture of the so called « aregenerative pathology ». Moreover, they induce cytological abnormalities, like cellular vacuolization, alterations of the enzymatic cellular pattern, cellular giantism, etc. These alterations constitute the « cytological dysplasia by antimitotic drugs ». They are easily recognizable in many organs, i.e. in the haemopoietic system, lungs and pancreas. Particularly evident is the cellular giantism in the labial epithelia: in some of these cells of gynecologically normal women two Barr bodies are observed.
Treatment of some chronic hemoblastoses with a derivative of Methylhydrazine (Natulan)
Authors: Quattrin N. , Montuori R. 
Published: July 2016

Notre expérience clinique sur le Natulan est encore plutôt limitée. Depuis six mois seulement il nous a été possible obtenir ce médicament et nous n'avons traité jusqu'à présent que seize malades, tous par thérapie orale.Dans le tableau suivant nous indiquons les maladies dont étaient atteints nos patients et le résultat du traitement.Quelqu'une de nos observations mérite un bref commentaire.Le premier malade que nous avons soumis au traitement était atteint de M. de Hodgkin généralisée, désormais insensible à toute thérapie connue. Le malade était en effet très près de la mort. Et bien, le Natulan eût une influence bénigne dramatique, soit pour la rapidité, soit pour l'entité de la rémission. Mais après un mois il y eût une rechute et, malgré la therapie d'entretien, le patient est mort en cachéxie. Dans ce cas nous n'avons pas observé de phénomenès toxiques sévères sauf une légère polynevrite des membres inférieurs.Il faut encore remarquer que le Natulan a été actif aussi contre des hémoblastoses différentes de la M. de Hodgkin, c'est-à-dire le myélome, la M. de Waldenström et le lymphosarcome. Mais dans ces cas les rémissions ont été relativement plus rares et moins remarquables que dans la M. de Hodgkin.
Some Observations on the Cytological Effects of Antimitotic Poisons
Authors: Dustin Pierre 
Published: July 2016

Recently discovered substances with antimitotic action fall in the two categories which have been defined since many years, i. e. spindle poisons and chromatin (or “radiomimetic”) poisons. The most recently studied are hydroxyurea — a powerful inhibitor of DNA synthesis — and the Vinca alcaloids — which destroy the tubular components of the spindle, bringing a prolonged arrest in metaphase.The mechanisms of action of many of these drugs remain most obscure. In the field of spindle-poisons, there has been no explanation sofar of the relationship between their chemical structure and cytological action. While it is known that minor changes in the chemical structure of colchicine can prevent its specific action on the spindle, the precise relation which appears to exist between this complex molecule and the spindle structures remains obscure. The same remark applies to the Vinca alcaloids. Progress is being made however in this field. The ultrastructural aspects of the spindle have been analysed by electron microscopy, and a precise definition in chemical terms of the spindle may be close. These observations have shown the similarity between the tubules of the spindle and other tubular structures of identifical size: the neurotubules. Some recent observations indicate that these may also be destroyed by colchicine, a fact which may be related to the well-known and severe neurotoxicity of this alcaloid. What remains to be explained is the fact that the most effective spindle poisons are molecules of the size and complexity of those of vinblastine, while simple inorganic substances (arsenicals, heavy metals) may exert identical if not so powerful effects on the spindle structures. Another point which needs further research is the cause of the extensive cellular destruction which follows, in animal cells, any prolonged inhibition of the spindle function. The chemotherapic actions of spindle poisons are most probably related, not only to the growth inhibiting effects of these drugs, but most of all to the cellular breakdown which is observed in cells when they have been kept for several hours in metaphase.
Current Problems in the Use of the Oncolytic Drugs
Authors: Armstrong James G. 
Published: July 2016

Summary1. Lists have been made of the more frequently occurring malignant diseases and of those commonly available oncolytic drugs which, in the author's opinion, are most appropriate for their treatment.2. Those tumors which do not usually respond to oncolytic drugs have also been listed.3. For several malignant diseases it has been found that small doses of oncolytic drugs have proved just as effective for inducing remission and even more effective in prolonging remission than have larger doses of these drugs. The explanation for this may be that smaller doses do less harm to the body's immune defense mechanism than do larger doses.
La genetica del favismo
Authors: Sansone G. , Segni G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe AA. state that favism as a disease but is not inherited the underlying biochemical rer cells defectis. The defect is present in 12,1% of the sardinian population (immigrated in Genova) and is absent in subjects of ligurian extraction. A remarkable number of sensitive subjects have no clinical disturbances at all. The inheritance is of dominant mendelian type. In the females there is a low gene penetrance and expressivity. Even if apparenty normal to the biochemical tests they frequently transmit the defect to the sons.The possibility of a sex-linked hereditary transmission is taken into consideration.
Analisi della mortalità di alcune malattie ematologiche nella popolazione Italiana
Authors: Sodani F. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYDeath rates in Italy for the following groups of causes have been studied.Haemophilia, purpura and other haemorrhagic conditions,Pernicious anaemia,Leukhaemia and Hodgkin's disease.A study of the historical series shows a decreasing trend in death rates for the first two groups of causes and a rapidly increasing one for the third group. The study of death rates by age and sex shows, in the three groups of causes, a high death rate under 5 and over 50 years of age, with different characteristics from one group to another. Death rates for leukhaemia are higher in males than females.
The relationship between the leucocyte count, the “Shift to the left” and the incidence of drumsticks in mongolism
Authors: Mittwoch Ursula 
Published: July 2016

RIASSUNTOSi fa un confronto fra 50 mongoloidi e 50 deficienti mentali di altri tipi con riguardo al numero medio di lobi nucleari dei granulociti neutrofili, al numero totale di leucociti ed all'incidenza dei « drumsticks ».Si conclude che il numero basso dei lobi nucleari neutrofilici dei mongoloidi non può essere una conseguenza di un aumento del numero totale dei leucociti o dei neutrofili e che si deve cercare un'altra causa per spiegare questo fenomeno. Dall'altra parte, l'incidenza bassa di « drumsticks » osservata nelle mongoloidi può considerarsi come risultato del numero ridotto dei lobi e non occorre supporre che esista una anormalità sessuale.
A hereditary abnormality of the metabolism of glutathione in the red blood cells
Authors: Szeinberg A. , Sheba Ch. , Adam A. , Ramot Bracha 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe frequency of a hereditary abnormality of erythocytes characterised by a deficiency in glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione instability, has been investigated in various population groups in Israel. The highest frequencies of this abnormality have been detected among Jews from Kurdistan, Iraq and Persia. It is also relatively common in other oriental (sefardic) Jewish communities, as well as among Arabs, desert Bedouins and Druses.Up to now only one case of this erythrocyte defect has been found among Jews of Ashkenazic origin. The same abnormality has also been found in a Sikh from Punjab.The hereditary pattern of transmission and evidences of sex linkage are presented. The problem of expressivity of the abnormal gene in heterozygous females is discussed.
Zwillingsuntersuchungen bei Hauttuberkulose (Vorläufige Mitteilung)
Authors: Niermann Hans 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY1. There is probably no special hereditary disposition for the localisation of the tuberculosis at the skin.2. The partial selection of the hitherto made casuistics of twins explains the contradiction to the literature.3. The general tuberculosis is in the sense of Diehl and v. Verschuer preponderating concordant by monozygotics twins and discordant by bizygotics twins.
Contributo alla storia dello studio dei gemelli (Il “ De gemellis ” di Scipione Giuseppe Casalio. Il Mostro di Mogliano e la tournée viennese dei gemelli coalescenti Tocci. Galton, Siemens e Waardenburg)
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

Con il 1956 si apre il V volume della nostra Rivista e si compiono cinque anni da quando abbiamo pubblicato il libro « Studio dei Gemelli ». Una vasta famiglia di autori, ed una più vasta di lettori, si è raccolta attorno ad « Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae » la quale, unitamente al libro, ha valso a rinfocolare l'attesa e l'impegno attorno agli studi gemellari, ed a raccogliere un materiale di cospicuo interesse.Per sottolineare questa circostanza riprendiamo il profilo storico della gemellologia che abbiamo tracciato in un capitolo di « Studio dei Gemelli » per integrarlo con alcuni dati recentemente acquisiti, non senza notare che, in genere, questo assunto non coincide con quello di aggiornare il lettore con i progressi della gemellologia, perchè altra cosa è l'apporto scientifico, a cui attende periodicamente la Rivista, ed altra cosa l'elaborazione storica del pensiero scientifico.Quest'ultima richiede, fra l'altro, una certa prospettiva nel tempo, cioè una distanza che consenta di attribuire ad ogni apporto il valore che effettivamente e definitivamente gli compete per accordarlo con le linee di sviluppo del pensiero scientifico.
Zwillings Katamnesen (Klinische Befunde bei Nachuntersuchung einer auslesefreien Zwillingsserie
Authors: Duis B. T. 
Published: July 2016

Zusamenfassung1. Es wird über erbpathologische Ergebnisse bei Nachuntersuchung von 235 Zwillingspaaren in den Jahren 1951-52 berichtet. Die Erstuntersuchung erfolgte durch das Erbbiologische Universitäts-Institut Frankfurt in den Jahren 1935-41 und umfasste 1695 Paare. Von diesen konnten 444 wieder erfasst werden. Um einen Längsschnitt-Vergleich zu ermöglichen, wurden hiervon nur diejenigen Paare berücksichtigt, bei denen gelegentlich der Erstuntersuchung beide Partner zugegen waren (102 EZ- und 133 ZZ-Paare).2. In kasuistischer Darstellung wird, nach Krankheitsgruppen gegliedert, der durch Untersuchung der Probanden erhobene Befund wiedergegeben und durch Heranziehung von Krankengeschichten ergänzt. Auf die Anamnese zwischen Erst- und Nachuntersuchung wurde hierbei besonderer Wert gelegt.Das Konkordanz/Diskordanz-Verhältnis wird erörtert und die Bedeutung einer Längsschnitt-Betrachtung betont.3. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen v. Verschuers bei Nachuntersuchung der Tübinger Zwillinge verglichen. Im Unterschied zu v. Verschuer, dessen Darlegung sich hauptsächlich auf die während einer Beobachtungszeit von 25 Jahren aufgetretenen Krankheiten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Umweltverhältnisse bezieht, befasst sich die Nachuntersuchung der Frankfurter Zwillinge — da es sich um ein noch nicht veröffentliches Material handelt — mit dem Krankheitsgeschehen, das im Leben dieser Zwillinge bisher aufgetreten ist. Trotz der damit gegebenen verschiedenartigen Ausgangssituation und Fragestellung ergibt sich in beiden Zwillings-Serien als überraschendes Ergebnis das deutliche Uberwiegen diskordanter Fälle. Das gilt auch da, wo mutmasslich die vorwiegende Ursache einer Erkrankung die Erbanlage ist oder wo die Erbanlage, wie bei der Tuberkulose, zumindest eine wesentliche Rolle für das Zustandekommen der Erkrankung bildet. Hieraus erhellt die Bedeutung einer Längsschnittbetrachtung, zumal ganz offensichtlich die Erb-Umwelt-Analyse nicht nach dem polaren Denkschema des Zustandsbildes krank oder gesund ausgerichtet sein kann. Es kommt vielmehr auf eine dynamische Betrachtung an, die sich nicht nur für das Kranksein, sondern vor allem auch für das Krank-Werden und Gesund-Bleiben interessiert. Die Feststellung des Konkordanz/Diskordanz-Verhältnisses ist hierbei ein wichtiger Querschnitt, der aber mehrfach gelegt werden muss, um Einblick in das Zustandekommen eines Krankheitsgeschehens zu erhalten.
Zur Frage der richtigen Beurteilung morphologischer Merkmale am Lichtbild von Kopf und Gesicht
Authors: Ehrhardt Sophie 
Published: July 2016

Das fotografische Bild eines menschlichen Kopfes ist eine flächenhafte Wiedergabe einer Vollplastik. Wenn eine solche Aufnahme wissenschaftlichen Zwecken dienen soll, muss man von ihr erwarten, dass sie alle Formmerkmale richtig erkennen lässt, so dass aus dem flächenhaften Bild die richtige Plastik herausschaut.Bei Familienuntersuchungen und beim erbbiologischen Aehnlichkeitsvergleich, wie ihn der Anthropologe durchführt, spielt die Beurteilung morphologischer Merkmale nach Lichtbildern eine erhebliche Rolle. Eine richtige bzw. falsche Beurteilung von Einzelmerkmalen an einer Kopfaufnahme kann weittragende Bedeutung haben. Um eine Basis für einen brauchbaren Vergleich von Bildern und eine richtige Beurteilung von Merkmalen am Lichtbild zu schaffen, muss eine gewisse Normierung in der Aufnahmetechnik eingehalten werden, auf die im Schrifttum schon oft hingewiesen wurde (z. B. Mollison, Th., 1910, Arch. Anthrop. N. F. Bd. 9, S. 305-321; Martin, R., 1925, Anat. Anz. Bd. 59, Nr. 22/23, S. 529-538; Rodenwaldt, G., 1935, Archäol. Anz. S. 354-363). Alle Fehler, die sich nur zu leicht bei fotografischen Aufnahmen einschleichen, müssen erkannt und nach Möglichkeit beseitigt werden.An Hand von einigen Lichtbildern aus der praktischen Arbeit des Anthropologen soll auf solche Fehler aufmerksam gemacht werden. Hierbei müssen vor allem beachtet werden die Einstellung des Objektes zur Kamera und die Beleuchtung.
Familienbefunde bei letalen Anomalien der Körperform
Authors: Grebe Hans 
Published: July 2016

Im folgenden soil über die Ergebnisse von systematischen Familienuntersuchungen berichtet werden, die ich bei unausgelesenen totgeborenen und im ersten Lebenshalbjahr verstorbenen Kindern mit letalen Anomalien der Körperform durchführen konnte.Der Begriff « Anomalien der Körperform » wird dabei im Sinne meines Lehrers v. Verschuer für typische, oft erbliche Missbildungen einschliesslich Kombinationsmissbildungen mit Veränderung der äusseren Körperform gebraucht, die ich als Todesursache unter den in den Jahren 1937-39 im Pathologischen Institut der Universität Frankfurt-Main erfolgten Sektionen finden konnte. Eine statistische Auswertung der Gesamttodesursachen war bereits früher erfolgt (1942).In einer umfangreichen Monographic « Familienuntersuchungen bei missbildeten Totgeborenen und Frühverstorbenen » sollten die im folgenden zu besprechenden Befunde zusammen mit anderen letalen Missbildungen (Herzmissbildungen, letalen Hernien, Ektopien, Missbildungen des Magen-Darmkanals, der Haut und der blutbildenden Organe sowie auch Mongolismus) Anfang 1945 als Ergänzungsband der Zeitschrift für menschliche Vererbungs- und Konstitutionslehre erscheinen. Leider ist die bereits ausgedruckte, fertige Arbeit am Ende des letzten Krieges der Zerstörung von Würzburg zum Opfer gefallen. Bei den gegenwärtig beschränkten Druckmöglichkeiten in Deutschland habe ich unter dem Titel « Frühletale Missbildungen und Hereditat » bisher lediglich ein kurzes Referat der Arbeit geben konnen. Für das grosszügige Angebot von Herrn Prof. Dr. L. Gedda, einen Teil der Arbeit in die Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae aufzunehmen, möchte ich deshalb meinen ganz besonderen Dank aussprechen.
Die Sprachentwicklung von Ein-und Zweieiigen Zwillingen und die Vererbung von Sprachstörungen
Authors: Luchsinger R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe genetic roots of speech development in children are being investigated. On the basis of observations in the development of speech in 12 monozygotic twin pairs it could be shown that not only the retarded but also the normal development of speech is an idiotypic characteristic. It must be considered however, that we are not dealing with a simple characteristic, but with the result of a whole complex (intelligence, type of immagination, fine-motor and vitality) of the mentioned root. Further examinations regard the disposition for stammering. On the basis of research with monozygotic twins, of which one partner during the examination presented only signs of cluttering, the other one, however, clonic-tonic stammering, while both twins had a pathologic electroencephalogram, the hereditary basis of speech defects and stammering is shown. However, only in half of the cases of monozygotic twins one can find a disposition for dyslalia, which can be of a very different (periphercentral) nature.
Genetica, Medicina e Costituzione
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe Author reexamines in current terms the old problem of Constitution from the medical viewpoint. Modern medicine, over the last 100 years, has mainly stopped to consider the importance of the diseases’ imprint of the phenotype as well as the diseases’ exogenous causes; today it is specially called upon to focus its attention on the deseases’ endogenous causes and on the individual’s morbid destiny. Constitutionally minded medical schools have surveyed this field from the morphological, functional and neuroendocrinological viewpoints, but with little practical result. Only by basing Constitution studies on the laws of Genetics will it be possible to solve the important problem from the clinical point of view.
Die Tendenz zu Zwillingsgeburten
Authors: Dahlberg Gunnar 
Published: July 2016

1. The probability that a mother who has already given birth to twins will repeat the twin birth has been shown to be 3.63 ± 0.24%.a) The increase in the frequency of binovular twin births of 4,55 ± 0,90% is statistically significant.b) The increase in the frequency of monovular twin births of 1.43 ± 0,90% is not statistically sure in this data because of the relatively high standard error.2. Althrough it cannot by proved statistically, there is some indication that, amongst the later births to women who have initially given birth to binovular twins, there is an increase in the frequency of monovular twins, and vice-versa.3. Hormonal disturbances, such as a slow secretion of folliculin which would prevent ovulation, may be the cause of binovular twinning. Mon ovular twinning is probably due to an inherent tendency of the egg to divide. It is pos sible that if this tendency manifests itself before the reduction division and two separate eggs are formed binovular twinning may result. With this hypothesis is mind, an attempt has been made to discover some correlation between monovular and binovular twinning.
Il Fattore Costituzionale Del Cancro Studiato Sul Ratto Col Metodo Della Parabiosi
Authors: Foà Carlo 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe describe a fortuitous observation on two rats united in parabiosis since nearly a year.One of the two, belonging to an oncoreceptive race, fell sick of a round cell sarcoma, of extremely malignant nature, which spread itself through various metastases to all the organism, invading especially the lungs and causing tha animal’s death.The other, of oncorefractory race, did not fall sick, although he was united to the first by abundant vascular and lymphatic communications, and that the common abdominal cavity was full of an hemorrhagic exsudation containing numberless cells coming from the tumorous decomposition. As the question is of a parabiosis of long duration and of a natural tumor of great malignity, the observation, better than the preceding ones on grafted tumors, favours the demonstration of the importance of the individual constitution of a subject sick or not of cancer.
La Pentagemellanza Di Taranto
Authors: Gedda Luigi , Sibilio Iolanda 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe Authors have studied the case of abortive quintuplets born in Taranto, Italy, on June 15, 1952, as the ninth parturition of a 35 years old woman, with a history of twin heredity on the father’s side.According to anamnesis and to objective examination, the fetuses appear to have five months of intrauterine life. On the basis of sexes (two males and three females) and of the annexes’ findings, the hypothesis of a trizygotic quintuplet set is suggested. Concerning the hereditary mechanism of twinning the Authors state that the genetic twinning factor (G factor) is not specific either by quality (MZ, DZ) or by quantity of the twins it produced.As far as the age estimate of the twin fetuses is concerned, they state that the diagnosis, rather than on quantity data, is to be based on the quality ones, and specially on the ossification -nuclei detected by X-rays.
Eredità Delle Qualità Gruppo-Specifiche (ABO-MN-Rh) E Ricerca Medico-Legale Della Maternità
Authors: Franchini Aldo , Introna Francesco 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe Autors show a case of research of maternity in the subject of alteration of social condition in comparison of two newborns, this is a case in which a maternity staded could be excluded, and a maternity denied could be recognized, on the base of the genotypes in connexion to the qualities of the specific-groups Rh.The gynaecological exam of the two women and the determination of the types ABO and MN had not allowed the complete solution of the problem which was, on the contrary, reached and showed by the acknowledgement of the genetics formulas Rh.