bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hair Transplantation in Migraine Headache Patients
Authors: Ors Safvet 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Migraine headache is a primary neurologic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. As a consequence, quality of life is diminished, productivity suffers (through loss of work force), and treatment costs are substantial. The occurrence rate in the general population is quite high, with women accounting for 3 of every 4 cases.

Methods:
Between January 2011 and May 2012, a total of 221 patients received hair transplants. Another 590 patients underwent hair transplantation between June 2012 and December 2016. Initially (first interval), patients were not questioned on migraine headaches in preoperative visits, but questioning was regularly done thereafter. Overall, 150 patients given transplants in the first period were surveyed by phone regarding preoperative migraine headaches. Aside from the 1 incidental discovery, no other instances of migraine emerged. Headache origins were occipital-frontal in 2 patients, occipital-temporal in 2 patients, and occipital-temporal-frontal in the 2 others. Donor/receiver areas in hair transplantation and migraine trigger zones shared locations. Headache frequencies ranged from 4 to 8 days per month (average, 6 days), and pain scores were 5–8 (10 being highest). Duration of pain was 3–5 hours (average, 4 hours). All six patients had used various medications, such as triptans, ergot, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, before hair transplantation. The 1 female patient was a 32-year-old seeking treatment for alopecia, with a 6-year history of migraine headaches. The male patients presenting with androgenetic alopecia (grade 4–5 by Norwood classification) had 6- to 20-year migrainous histories.

Results:
After hair transplantation, each migraine sufferer was checked once in the first month and then once every 3 months. Those who could not appear in person after the first year were evaluated by phone every 3 months. Migraine headaches had ceased in all 6 patients, none of whom used medical treatments for migraines thereafter. The postoperative improvement each patient experienced was dramatic (P < 0.001). Overall, the mean intensity of headaches declined from 6.6 ± 1.47 to 0, on an analog scale of 1–10 (P < 0.001); and mean headache frequency was reduced from 5.83 ± 1.03/month to 0/month (P < 0.001). Likewise, the migraine pain index fell from a mean of 149.33 ± 19.21/month to mean of 0/month (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This report details 6 patients who experienced abatement of migraine headache symptoms following hair transplantation. The positive effects of hair transplantation on migraine headache and potential mechanisms of action are also discussed.
Reconstruction of Near-Total Loss of the Upper and Lower Lips due to Purpura Fulminans with Local Tissue and a Dual-Skin Paddled Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Kuwahara Masamitsu , Yurugi Satoshi , Yamanaka Yuji , Sasaki Chikako , Nakanishi Takashi 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
It is difficult to totally reconstruct the lip, achieving good functional and aesthetic results. There have been few reports of reconstructing complete lip defects. Moreover, upper and lower lip necrosis by purpura fulminans has not been reported. We present a case of a 60-year-old male purpura fulminans patient with upper and lower lip necrosis. Fortunately, our patient had retained his oral commissure function. We reconstructed this defect with an orbicularis oris muscle-skin-mucosal pedicled flap derived from the region between the nasolabial folds for upper lip; a similar bipedicled flap for the lower lip and the donor site was closed with a dual-skin paddled anterolateral thigh flap. Postoperative results were satisfactory, that is, no lip tightness or aperture restriction was seen, and symmetry had been achieved. The new lips exhibited complete sensory recovery. Drooling was minimal during rest and feeding. We could select a method that combined the advantages of local and free flaps. We consider our method for this defect is superior to those described in previous studies, in that the restoration of lip sensation and oral sphincter function can be achieved to some extent in 1 stage while preserving the oral commissure function.
Long-Term Stability of Keratometry, Scheimpflug-Derived True Net Power, and Total Corneal Refractive Power After Primary Pterygium Excision
Authors: Kam Ka Wai , Kuan Timothy A. , Belin Michael W. , Young Alvin L. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate long-term changes in mean keratometry, astigmatism, true net power (TNP), and total corneal refractive power (TCRP) of corneas after primary pterygium excision.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational series conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital eye center in Hong Kong. A total of 31 eyes of 31 patients with primary pterygium excision were included. Patients with recurrent or double-headed pterygia or a history of corneal scars from previous trauma, infection, or surgery were excluded. Data were collected prospectively at postoperative weeks 1, 4, 12, and month 18.

Results:
Mean keratometry of the anterior cornea was 44.3 diopters (D) [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.6–44.9 D] at week 1, 44.3 D (95% CI: 43.6–44.9 D, standard error = 0.3) at week 4, 44.3 D (95% CI: 43.7–44.9 D) at week 12, and 44.1 D (95% CI: 43.5–44.7 D) at month 18. Mean astigmatism of the anterior cornea was 1.1 D (95% CI: 0.7–1.4 D), 1.0 D (95% CI: 0.7–1.3 D), 0.9 D (95% CI: 0.6–1.1 D), and 1.0 D (95% CI: 0.7–1.3 D) at postoperative 1, 4, 12 weeks, and 18 months, respectively. Mean keratometry, astigmatism of the anterior and posterior cornea, TNP and TCRP at 2.0-mm, 3.0-mm, 4.0-mm rings and zones remained unchanged on all follow-up visits (P = 1 for all comparisons).

Conclusions:
Keratometric values including TNP and TCRP were stable as soon as 1 week after pterygium excision. This information might help clinicians in planning subsequent intraocular surgery that requires biometric assessment for intraocular lens implantation.
Bacterial Keratitis in Toronto: A 16-Year Review of the Microorganisms Isolated and the Resistance Patterns Observed
Authors: Tam Alex L. C. , Côté Elie , Saldanha Mario , Lichtinger Alejandro , Slomovic Allan R. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To review the incidence, distribution, current trends, and resistance patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Toronto over the past 16 years.

Methods:
Microbiology records of suspected bacterial keratitis that underwent a diagnostic corneal scraping and cultures from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. The distribution of the main isolated pathogens and in vitro laboratory minimum inhibitory concentration testing results were used to identify resistance patterns.

Results:
A total of 2330 corneal scrapings were taken over 16 years. A pathogen was recovered in 1335 samples (57.3%), with bacterial keratitis accounting for 1189 of the positive cultures (86.0% of all isolates). The total number of gram-positive and gram-negative isolates was 963 and 324, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolates, respectively. A decreasing trend in the number of isolates in gram-positive bacteria (P = 0.01), specifically among Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.0001) and Streptococcus species (P = 0.005), was identified. When analyzing the susceptibilities of gram-positive and gram-negative isolates, an increasing trend in antibiotic resistance was observed in erythromycin (P = 0.018), ceftazidime (P = 0.046), and piperacillin/tazobactam (P = 0.005). The susceptibility of tested gram-positive microorganisms to vancomycin was 99.6%.

Conclusions:
There has been a decreasing trend in the number of isolates in gram-positive microorganisms over the past 16 years. An increasing trend in resistance for various antibiotics against gram-negative and gram-positive isolates was identified. High susceptibility to vancomycin reinforced the empirical use of fortified tobramycin and vancomycin in the initial management of severe bacterial keratitis.
Verruconis Gallopava
Authors: Grewal Harkiran K. , Kumar Princy N. , Shah Namrata , Timpone Joseph G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Verruconis gallopava is a neurotropic dematiaceous mold that causes a wide range of infections in immunocompromised and occasionally immunocompetent individuals. This mold has unique pathogenic characteristics. We describe a case of recurrent/relapsing V. gallopava infection in a renal transplant patient, which occurred years after transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of recurrent V. gallopava infection reported in the literature. We also discuss the unique clinical characteristics of this organism in solid organ transplant recipients and review current literature describing the potential treatment options for this organism.
Incidence and Outcome of Pericardial Effusion in Pediatric Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Single-institution Experience
Authors: Diamond Melissa , Ruiz-Mesa Catalina , Corrales-Medina Fernando F. , Tamariz Leonardo J. , Ziga Edward , Swaminathan Sethuraman 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Pericardial effusion (PE) is a known complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Limited data is currently available regarding the incidence and outcomes of PE in pediatric HSCT.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study on a cohort of patients who underwent HSCT between 2004 and 2015. Risk factors associated with development of PE were evaluated.

Results:
In 111 HSCT, stem cell source was bone marrow in 37 (33.3%), peripheral blood—42 (37.8%) and cord blood—32 (28.8%). Incidence of PE after HSCT was 37.8%. Insignificant effusion (trivial or small) was noted in 30 (27.0%) transplants, and significant (moderate or large) PE in 12 (10.8%). There were no associations between incidence of effusion and stem cell source, graft versus host disease or CMV infection. Risk factors associated with development of PE included systemic hypertension (P<0.05), total body irradiation (P<0.05), and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome formerly known as venoocclusive disease (P=0.03). Overall mortality was 22.5% after HSCT, but 38.1% among those with effusion (P<0.05). None of these deaths were attributed to primary cardiac etiologies.

Conclusions:
The incidence of PE in this cohort of pediatric HSCT recipients is high and associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
Improvements to Phakometry Using Bessel Beams
Authors: Suheimat Marwan , Bhattarai Dipesh , Maher Hannah K. , Chandra Meera , Chelepy William , Halloran Sarah K. , Lambert Andrew J. , Atchison David A. 
Published: September 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
The main problem with phakometry is the low visibility of the third Purkinje image. We built a phakometer using Bessel beams, which have properties of being resistant to diffraction and the potential for self-reconstruction. This instrument had lenticular images three times brighter than those of a conventional phakometer.

PURPOSE
To investigate Purkinje image brightness, accuracy, and repeatability of a “Bessel” phakometer compared with those of a conventional phakometer.

METHODS
Phakometers were developed with a telecentric imaging system focused at the pupil plane of the eye to capture anterior cornea, anterior lens (PIII), and posterior lens (PIV) Purkinje images. A Bessel beam was generated by a diode laser beam passing through a high-powered doublet with a central obstruction. Software was used to determine image sizes and estimate lens anterior and posterior surface radii of curvature (R
a, R
p), equivalent refractive index (RI), and equivalent power (F). The Bessel phakometer's accuracy was assessed using a model eye. Repeatability (interobserver and intraobserver) and Purkinje images brightnesses of Bessel and conventional phakometers were assessed with six participants.

RESULTS
The lens parameters of the model eye determined by the Bessel phakometer were similar to those provided by the model eye's manufacturer with differences (manufacturer − Bessel) in R
a and R
p, RI, and F of +1.18 mm, 0.18 mm, +0.0053, and −0.55 D, respectively. The intraobserver repeatabilities for the Bessel and conventional phakometers were similar. The interobserver repeatabilities of R
a, R
p, and RI for the Bessel phakometer were almost half those (i.e., two times better) for the conventional phakometer. Brightnesses of PIII and PIV were approximately three times higher with the Bessel phakometer than with the conventional phakometer.

CONCLUSIONS
The Bessel beam phakometer provided accurate estimates of lens parameters of a model eye and produced brighter Purkinje images and better interobserver repeatability than that of a conventional phakometer.
Camouflaging Cleft Lip Scar Using Follicular Unit Extraction Hair Transplantation Combined with Autologous Fat Grafting
Authors: Akdag Osman , Evin Nuh , Karamese Mehtap , Tosun Zekeriya 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The scar that occurs after cleft lip surgery poses a serious cosmetic problem. One of the methods used to solve this problem in adult male patients is hair transplantation. However, satisfactory results with this method cannot always be achieved because of possible graft loss. The corrective feature of fat grafting has been reported in many studies. The authors’ aim with this report is to share their results with hair transplantation combined with fat grafting in patients with cleft lip.

Methods:
This study included 20 patients who had both a scar and alopecia in the cleft lip area. The patients underwent fat grafting from the periumbilical region by means of miniature liposuction harvesting cannulas. Three months after fat injection, hair transplantation was performed with hair from the submental area and scalp using the folliculate unit extraction technique. Patients were followed for 12 months. Survival rate of transplanted hair and patient satisfaction were analyzed after the procedures.

Results:
After this camouflaging technique with fat grafting and hair transplantation, the scar was hidden quite well. The graft survival rate was also better compared with results from similar studies. Patient and observer satisfaction results with the scar tissue were significantly improved, which was confirmed statistically.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that this combined camouflaging technique is a very effective treatment in male patients with cleft lip who have serious secondary upper lip scars. The authors present a series of patients treated with this technique, which resulted in a high level of patient satisfaction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Acute Pancreatitis: A Complication of Intragastric Balloon
Authors: Aljiffry Murad , Habib Razan , Kotbi Eman , Ageel Amro , Hassanain Mazen , Dahlan Yaser 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
This study was carried out because intragastric balloon (IGB) is a widely used method to combat obesity, and acute pancreatitis complicating IGB is rare and yet to be understood.

Method:
This study was a retrospective analysis of all patients with a history of IGB insertion, who developed acute pancreatitis before balloon removal.

Results:
A total of 4 cases were found, with a mean age of 27±2.9 years. The mean duration of IGB insertion was 2.25±1.25 months, with an average body mass index of 37.7±3.4 kg/m2. Abdominal computed tomography visualized signs of pancreatitis with the balloon compressing the pancreatic body. Pancreatitis resolved after endoscopic balloon extraction, with an average aspiration of 607.5±64.5 mL of the fluid used to fill the balloon.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that acute pancreatitis can complicate IGB and recommends the need to measure amylase and lipase in patients who have a history of IGB insertion and present with a picture suggestive of pancreatitis.
Rictor/TORC2 mediates gut-to-brain signaling in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity inC. elegans
Authors: O’Donnell Michael P. , Chao Pin-Hao , Kammenga Jan E. , Sengupta Piali 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAnimals integrate external cues with information about internal conditions such as metabolic state to execute the appropriate behavioral and developmental decisions. Information about food quality and quantity is assessed by the intestine and transmitted to modulate neuronal functions via mechanisms that are not fully understood. The conserved Target of Rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) controls multiple processes in response to cellular stressors and growth factors. Here we show that TORC2 coordinates larval development and adult behaviors in response to environmental cues and feeding state in the bacterivorous nematodeC. elegans. During development, pheromone, bacterial food, and temperature regulate expression of thedaf-7TGF-β anddaf-28insulin-like peptide in sensory neurons to promote a binary decision between reproductive growth and entry into the alternate dauer larval stage. We find that TORC2 acts in the intestine to regulate neuronal expression of bothdaf-7anddaf-28,which together reflect bacterial-diet dependent feeding status, thus providing a mechanism for integration of food signals with external cues in the regulation of neuroendocrine gene expression. In the adult, TORC2 similarly acts in the intestine to modulate food-regulated foraging behaviors via the PDFR-1 neuropeptide receptor. We also demonstrate that genetic variation affects food-dependent larval and adult phenotypes, and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with these traits.Together, these results suggest that TORC2 acts as a hub for communication of feeding state information from the gut to the brain, thereby contributing to modulation of neuronal function by internal state.AUTHOR SUMMARYDecision-making in all animals, including humans, involves weighing available information about the external environment as well as the animals’ internal conditions. Information about the environment is obtained via the sensory nervous system, whereas internal state can be assessed via cues such as levels of hormones or nutrients. How multiple external and internal inputs are processed in the nervous system to drive behavior or development is not fully understood. In this study, we examine how the nematodeC. elegansintegrates dietary information received by the gut with environmental signals to alter nervous system function. We have found that a signaling complex, called TORC2, acts in the gut to relay nutrition signals to alter hormonal signaling by the nervous system inC. elegans. Altered neuronal signaling in turn affects a food-dependent binary developmental decision in larvae, as well as food-dependent foraging behaviors in adults. Our results provide a mechanism by which animals prioritize specific signals such as feeding status to appropriately alter their development and/or behavior.
Grip force adjustments reflect prediction of dynamic consequences in varying gravitoinertial fields
Authors: White Olivier , Thonnard Jean-Louis , Lefèvre Philippe , Hermsdörfer Joachim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOne remarkable capacity when we grasp and manipulate tools relies on the ability to predict the grip force required to handle them in relation to their mechanical properties and the surrounding environment. However, rapid changes in the dynamical context may constitute a substantial challenge. Here, we test how participants can switch between different and never experienced dynamical environments induced by centrifugation of the body. Seven subjects lifted an object four times in a row successively in 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 2, 1.5 and 1g. We continuously measured grip force, load force and the gravitoinertial acceleration that was aligned with body axis (perceived gravity). Participants adopted stereotyped grasping movements immediately upon entry in a new environment and needed only one trial to adapt grip forces to a stable performance in each new gravity environment. While participants predictively applied larger grip forces when they expected increasing gravity steps, they did not decrease grip force proportionally when they expected decreasing gravity steps, indicating imperfect anticipation in that condition. The subjects’ performance could rather be explained by a combination of successful scaling of grip force according to gravity changes and a separate safety factor. The data suggest that in highly unfamiliar dynamic environments, grip force regulation is characterized by a combination of a successful anticipation of the experienced environmental condition, a safety factor reflecting strategic response to uncertainties about the environment and rapid feedback mechanisms to optimize performance under constant conditions.
An Interpretable Framework for Clustering Single-Cell RNA-Seq Datasets
Authors: Zhang Jesse M. , Fan Jue , Fan H. Christina , Rosenfeld David , Tse David N. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the recent proliferation of single-cell RNA-Seq experiments, several methods have been developed for unsupervised analysis of the resulting datasets. These methods often rely on unintuitive hyperparameters and do not explicitly address the subjectivity associated with clustering.ResultsIn this work, we present DendroSplit, an interpretable framework for analyzing single-cell RNA-Seq datasets that addresses both the clustering interpretability and clustering subjectivity issues. DendroSplit offers a novel perspective on the single-cell RNA-Seq clustering problem motivated by the definition of “cell type,” allowing us to cluster using feature selection to uncover multiple levels of biologically meaningful populations in the data. We analyze several landmark single-cell datasets, demonstrating both the method’s efficacy and computational efficiency.ConclusionDendroSplit offers a clustering framework that is comparable to existing methods in terms of accuracy and speed but is novel in its emphasis on interpretabilty. We provide the full DendroSplit software package athttps://github.com/jessemzhang/dendrosplit.
Spatial and temporal translocation of PKCα in single endothelial cell in response to focal mechanical stimulus
Authors: Aarai Masataka , Sera Toshihiro , Hasegawa Takumi , Kudo Susumu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe observed the kinetics of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and the intracellular Ca2+wave in endothelial cells (ECs) in response to microscopic mechanical stress to investigate the effect of mechanical stress on PKCα translocation. The results show that a focal mechanical stimulus induced biphasic and directional PKCα translocation; PKCα initially translocated toward distinct spots near or at the membrane and then accumulated at the stimulus point. The low initial translocation occurred simultaneously in parallel with the increase in Ca2+. Initial translocation was inhibited in spite of Ca2+increase when the diacylglycerol (DAG) binding domain of PKCα was inhibited, suggesting that translocation requires intracellular Ca2+increase and DAG. On the other hand, high secondary translocation was delayed, occurring after the Ca2+wave; however, this secondary translocation occurred even when Ca2+release from the endoplasmic reticulum was inhibited, while it did not occur when the mechanosensitive (MS) channel was inhibited. These results indicated that at least Ca2+influx through MS channels is required. Our results support the implication of PKCα in the Ca2+signaling pathway in response to mechanical stress in ECs.Summary statementIn response to a focal mechanical stimulus, PKCα in an endothelial cell was initially translocated toward distinct spots near or at the membrane and then accumulated at the stimulus point.