bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of syngeneic mouse models of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer for investigating the anticancer effects of the soy-derived peptide Lunasin
Authors: Devapatla Bharat , Shidal Chris , Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Davis Keith R. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Lunasin is a naturally occurring peptide present in soybean that has both chemopreventive and therapeutic activities that can prevent cellular transformation and inhibit the growth of several human cancer types. Recent studies indicate that Lunasin has several distinct potential modes of action including suppressing integrin signaling and epigenetic effects driven by modulation of histone acetylation. In addition to direct effects on cancer cells, Lunasin also has effects on innate immunity that may contribute to its ability to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Methods: Standard assays for cell proliferation and colony formation were used to assess Lunasin’s in vitro activity against murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16-F0 melanoma cells. Lunasin’s in vivo activity was assessed by comparing the growth of tumors initiated by subcutaneous implantation of LLC or B16-F0 cells in Lunasin-treated and untreated C57BL/6 mice. Results: Lunasin was found to inhibit growth of murine LLC cells and murine B16-F0 melanoma cells in vitro and in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The effects of Lunasin in these two mouse models were very similar to those previously observed in studies of human non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma cell lines. Conclusions: We have now validated two established syngeneic mouse models as being responsive to Lunasin treatment. The validation of these two in vivo syngeneic models will allow detailed studies on the combined therapeutic and immune effects of Lunasin in a fully immunocompetent mouse model.
MANAGING MOSCOW MULTIFUNCTIONAL SERVICE CENTERS: STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Лавренченко Сергей , Lavrenchenko Sergey , Згонник Людмила , Zgonnik Lyudmila , Гладская Инна , Gladskaya Inna 
Published: October 2016

The article presents a statistical approach to the service management. This approach is based on the use of the exponential probability distribution in service models and is demonstrated on the examples of multifunctional service centers.
The authors offer a method for setting the maximum limit for the waiting time in a queue to be served, which is interpreted in statistical terms as the failsafe (by level) quantile of waiting time. Given the average waiting time, a formula for specifying the maximum limit for the waiting time considering an allowable percentage of customers, who will have to wait longer than the maximum waiting time, is given. The formula reads as follows: the maximum limit for the waiting time is equal to the average waiting time multiplied by the modulus of natural logarithms of the failure level F, where F is equal to the anticipated share of customers who will have to wait longer than the time set by the manager as the maximum waiting time or, in other words, F⋅⋅ 100% is the percentage of failures. For advertising the efficiency, the manager is interested in setting the minimum allowable maximum waiting time; this time corresponds to a maximum allowable failure level F. Software for computing the maximum limit for the waiting time is offered. As a byproduct, an interesting result is obtained: In any queue, 37% of customers wait longer than the average waiting time to be served while 39% of customers wait shorter than half of the average waiting time.
In summary, the main time-related quality indicator of service is the average waiting time in a queue. This indicator is equal to the ratio of two characteristics: the maximum limit for the waiting time / the absolute value of the natural logarithm of the share of failures in the total number of customers, that is, the proportion of customers who will have to wait longer than the time declared as the maximum waiting time.
Attitude of Psychiatrists towards homosexuality in India: A survey based cross-sectional study
Authors: Reddy Srikanth , Reddy Pooja , Quadri Meraj , Ohri Nishant , Desai Samir , Vankar Ganpat 
Published: October 2016

Aim of the studyStudy was planned to assess the attitudes of psychiatrists in India towards homosexuality.Subject or material and methodsAn informed consent form and a semi structured proforma were sent online to 3,348 psychiatrists across India. Multiple questions pertaining to the age, gender, religion, place of practice, work area, comfort in seeing homosexual patients and comfort in referring patients to a homosexual colleague were enquired from the consenting psychiatrists. Following which all the participants were asked to fill up the Heterosexual Attitude Towards Homosexuality (HATH) scale. Data so obtained was statistically analyzed.ResultsIn all, 190 psychiatrists consented and submitted the completed forms. The mean age of the respondents was 42.9 ± 11.8 and the male female ratio was 3.8. Most of the psychiatrists (n=105) reported that they see around 1-10 homosexual patients per year and 95.26% reported that they were comfortable doing so. Most of the psychiatrists (83.15%) were comfortable in referring a patient to a colleague knowing that he/she is a homosexual. The mean HATH score was 59.3 ± 4.6 and there was no significant difference across gender, age, place of practice and profile of practice.DiscussionThe attitude of psychiatrists in India towards homosexuality is neutral and doesn’t vary across age, gender, place of practice and profile of practice. They are mostly comfortable handling homosexual patients and referring patients to homosexual colleagues.ConclusionsPsychiatrists in India bear a neutral attitude towards homosexuality.
Assessment of the needs and clinical parameters in patients with mental disorders residing in forensic psychiatry wards with varying degrees of security.
Authors: Trizna Mikołaj , Adamowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to compare patients treated in court psychiatric wards with both low and medium security in terms of the needs, the severity of psychopathological symptoms, subjective assessment of quality of life and satisfaction with treatment.Subject or material and methodsThe research was conducted at the Regional Mental Hospital in Lubiąż. The study involve patients interned at two Low Security Forensic Psychiatric Wards (n=50) and one Medium Security Forensic Ward (n=43). The study included 93 male patients. The study used the following research tools: Camberwell Needs Assessment Scale for Forensic Patients (CANFOR), sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, BPRS, CAT, MANSA.ResultsPatients at the medium security ward reported greater overall needs (mean 3,86 vs. 2,96, p= 0,037) and a greater number of unmet needs (mean 1,51 vs. 0,80, p=0,009) . Overall severity of psychopathology (mean 2,41 vs. 1,93 p<0,001), including deficits and positive symptoms, was higher among patients of the low security ward.DiscussionResults proves that medical care in the wards with low and medium security is at a similar level. Qualification of people sent to medium security wards does not depend on their mental health but on the nature of the act they had committed, which in this case is more serious than for those directed to low security wards.ConclusionsThe services provided in the forensic psychiatric wards, and especially in the group of patients in medium security wards, do not sufficiently met the needs of patients.
Evidence-based management of melasma: contributing factors and treatment options
Authors: Lavers Isabel 
Published: October 2016

Melasma, a skin condition of adults in which light to dark brown or greyish patches of pigmentation develop mainly on facial skin, is one of the most common pigmentary disorders seen by health professionals. The condition is more common in women, especially those with darker skin types, than in men; however, one in four men with darker skin types can be affected. Treating melasma poses challenges for health professionals due to its multifactorial pathology. Even though melasma is a widely recognised cause of significant psychological distress, there is a lack of systematic and clinically usable treatment algorithms and guidelines for melasma management. This article explores the causes of epidemiology of melasma and explains recommended treatments. Aesthetic practitioners are well placed to offer patient education and provide corrective treatments, including topical solutions, sun protection, chemical peels and laser procedures.
How to manage pain in the dental patient
Authors: Bloor Claire 
Published: October 2016

Introduction Pain in dental and oral surgery patients is of great concern to veterinary practitioners as there is an excellent nervous supply to the pulps of all teeth, as well as the supporting hard and soft tissues. Surgery involving these tissues, as with any other tissues in the body, will inevitably stimulate and activate the pain pathways, which can lead to sensitisation, hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia and delayed wound healing to name but a few of the negative consequences of pain. It is the responsibility of all veterinary professionals to recognise when an animal is in pain, or when pain is likely to be caused, and formulate an appropriate pain management plan which is carefully implemented and evaluated. This article will recap the pathophysiology of pain and consider the concepts of pre-emptive and multimodal analgesia, before outlining some of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions available for pain management in dental patients.
Searching for Symbolic Value of Cattle: Tropical Livestock Units, Market Price, and Cultural Value of Maasai Livestock
Authors: Quinlan Robert J. , Rumas Isaya , Naiskye Godfrey , Quinlan Marsha , Yoder Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

We examine metabolic, market, and symbolic values of livestock relative to cultural “positioning” by gender, marriage, and household production among Maasai people in Simanjiro, Tanzania to assess local “proximate currencies” relevant for “cultural success.” Data from mixed methods ethnographic research include qualitative interviews since 2012, observation of 85 livestock market sales in 2013 and 2015, and 37 short key informant interviews in 2015. We examine fit between market values, Tropical Livestock Units (TLU, weight-based species exchange ratio), and perceived value from interviews for moran (unmarried men), muruo (married men), and tɔmɔnɔ́k (married women). Hedonic regression using livestock species, sex, maturity, and size accounted for 90% of the local market price of livestock. We compared the market-based exchange ratio between cattle and smallstock (sheep and goats) to TLU and perceived values situating symbolic value of cattle in terms of Maasai household production schema. One TLU model accurately predicted market exchange ratios, while another predicted hypothetical exchanges, suggesting need for improved livestock wealth estimation for pastoralists. Ritual context, subsistence work, and cultural position influenced perceived values: Moran overvalued cattle by 100% of the local market value. Tɔmɔnɔ́k accurately perceived the market exchange ratio despite never directly engaging in livestock market transactions. Muruo perceived exchange ratios intermediate between moran and tɔmɔnɔ́k. We argue that these perceptions of value reflect distinct labor responsibilities of moran, muruo, and tɔmɔnɔ́k in livestock management, differential value of bridewealth, and control of meat and milk.Attention to value of different livestock species in cultural models of production may prove useful for development efforts.
A quantum theory of spacetime in spinor formalism and the physical reality of cross-ratio representation: the equation of density parameters of dark energy, matter, and ordinary matter is derived: ΩM2 = 4 Ωb ΩΛ
Authors: Liu Jackie C.H. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
By theorizing the physical reality through the deformation of an arbitrary cross-ratio, we leverage Galois differential theory to describe the dynamics of isomonodromic integratable system. We found a new description of curvature of spacetime by the equivalency of isomonodromic integratable system and Penrose’s spinor formalism of general relativity. Using such description, we hypothetically quantize the curvature of spacetime (gravity) and apply to the problem of the evolution of the universe. The Friedmann equation is recovered and compared so that the mathematical relationship among dark energy, matter (dark matter + ordinary matter), and ordinary matter,

Ω
M

2

≃
4

Ω
b

Ω
Λ

, is derived; the actual observed results are compared to this equation (calculated Ω
M
= 0.33 vs. observed Ω
M
= 0.31); the model might explain the origin of dark energy and dark matter of the evolution of the universe.
Correlation between thumb length on handgrip strength, hand dexterity and musculoskeletal problem among dental professional
Authors: Francis Tilak , Anandhi Siva 
Published: October 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The key factor for potency of the teeth is their muscular strength. The dominant hand plays an important role in most of the daily muscular activities involving dental procedure. There are many factors, which may affect the grip strength, and very few studies especially in India have shown their correlation with grip strength. Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are an important occupational health problem affecting dental practitioners. This study assessed the prevalence of WRMSD in dental interns in relation to the thumb length and hand grip strength. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Thumb length template, jammer dynamometer, nine-hole peg board, and RULA assessment. Methods: Thumb length was measured by thumb length template. Grip strength was measured by jammer dynamometer, unilateral hand finger dexterity was measured by nine-hole pegboard, and work related musculoskeletal disorder was assessed by RULA. <strong>Results</strong>: Thumb length was positively correlated with grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder. Thumb length was negatively correlated with unilateral hand finger dexterity among dental professionals. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Thumb length is a better predictor for measuring hand grip strength and work related musculoskeletal disorder, than unilateral hand finger dexterity.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Dental professional; Hand grip strength; Thumb length; Unilateral hand finger dexterity; Work related musculoskeletal disorder. </p>
Lagrange–Galerkin methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: a review
Authors: Bermejo Rodolfo , Saavedra Laura 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We review in this paper the development of Lagrange-Galerkin (LG) methods to integrate the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSEs) for engineering applications. These methods were introduced in the computational fluid dynamics community in the early eighties of the past century, and at that time they were considered good methods for both their theoretical stability properties and the way of dealing with the nonlinear terms of the equations; however, the numerical experience gained with the application of LG methods to different problems has identified drawbacks of them, such as the calculation of specific integrals that arise in their formulation and the calculation of the ow trajectories, which somehow have hampered the applicability of LG methods. In this paper, we focus on these issues and summarize the convergence results of LG methods; furthermore, we shall briefly introduce a new stabilized LG method suitable for high Reynolds numbers.
Two conservative multi-tracer efficient semi-Lagrangian schemes for multiple processor systems integrated in a spectral element (climate) dynamical core
Authors: Erath Christoph , Taylor Mark A. , Nair Ramachandran D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In today’s atmospheric numerical modeling, scalable and highly accurate numerical schemes are of particular interest. To address these issues Galerkin schemes, such as the spectral element method, have received more attention in the last decade. They also provide other state-of-the-art capabilities such as improved conservation. However, the tracer transport of hundreds of tracers, e.g., in the chemistry version of the Community Atmosphere Model, is still a performance bottleneck. Therefore, we consider two conservative semi-Lagrangian schemes. Both are designed to be multi-tracer efficient, third order accurate, and allow significantly longer time steps than explicit Eulerian formulations. We address the difficulties arising on the cubed-sphere projection and on parallel computers and show the high scalability of our approach. Additionally, we use the two schemes for the transport of passive tracers in a dynamical core and compare our results with a current spectral element tracer transport advection used by the High-Order Method Modeling Environment.
The occurrence of epigeic lichens in different habitats around the Siemianowka Lagoon in the Upper Narew Valley
Authors: Matwiejuk Anna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines the occurrence of epigeic lichens on study plots located within different types of habitat near the Siemianowka retention reservoir in the Upper Narew Valley. The outcome of this research is a better understanding of epigeic lichens and the problems associated with their distribution and conservation.The investigation of the less common and hence more interesting taxa found within the study area was based on species composition analyses of lichens in different habitats, the degree of recognition in North Eastern Poland and their conservation status as well as threats within the country. A total of 48 lichen species, mainly from the genus of Cladonia, were identified, which is a typical number for these types of habitat. 19% of the species growing on soil are classified as threatened and some of them have been recorded only within this study area. In total, 15 lichen species are under the strict or partial protection.
Assessing the usefulness of accounting measures for examining profitability of the State Forests’ National Forest Holding
Authors: Ankudo-Jankowska Anna , Glura Jakub 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the profitability of the State Forests by using accounting measures and to determine their practical applicability for evaluating the State Forests’ activities covering the years 2008-2012. In our assessment, we used the ratios: return on assets, return on equity and return on sales, which were calculated for the four following levels of financial result: operating result and economic activity result, gross profit and net profit. The degree of variability of the analysed ratios was determined for the years 2008-2012. On the basis of our survey, the State Forests’ activities were found to be profitable. The ratios return on assets, sales and equity show only slight variation depending on the applied category of financial results. Furthermore, this study confirms that there is a high degree of variation over time. In the years 2008-2012, the profitability ranged from 2% to 13% with the highest profit having been reached in 2011. We conclude that for the State Forests’ activity assessment, the profitability ratios established for the category of operating results will be of great significance.
Supramolecular chemistry at interfaces: host-guest interactions for attaching PEG and 5-fluorouracil to the surface of porous nanosilica
Authors: Tran Tuong Vi , Vo Uyen Vy , Pham Dong Yen , Tran Dai Lam , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Thu Le Van , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPorous nanosilica (PNS) has been attracting much attention in fabrication of nanocarriers for a drug delivery system (DDS). However, the unmodified PNS-based carriers exhibited a significant initial burst release of drug, which may limit their potential clinical application. In this study, PNS was surface conjugated with cyclodextrin (CD) which was functionalized with adamantylamine-polyethylene glycol (APEG) for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) delivery, in which case CD was used due to its ability to form a stable inclusion complex with 5-FU and APEG. The conjugated PNS (PNSC@APEG) was successfully prepared with spherical shape and diameter around 50 nm, determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, 5-FU was efficiently trapped in PNSC@APEG particles, which were around 63.4%±3.8% and was slowly released up to 3 days in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Furthermore, the cell proliferation kit I (MTT) assay data showed that PNSC@APEG was a biocompatible nanocarrier. These results indicated that PNSC@APEG nanoparticles have a great potential as novel carriers for anticancer drug delivery.
Novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2′,1′:2,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Hou Xixi , Yang Jianxue , Mao Linlin , Lou Caoxuan , Mao Longfei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Starting with 4-piperidone, new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2′,1′:2,3]thiazolo [5,4-c]pyridines were synthesized. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis.
Effects of a Songahm taekwondo tournament on vertical jump and technical-tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team
Authors: Detanico Daniele , Librizzi Nicole Vitório , Athayde Marina Saldanha Da Silva 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe study aimed to verify the effects of a simulated taekwondo tournament on vertical jump as well as technical and tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team.MethodsThe study involved 10 male Songahm taekwondo athletes. They took part in a simulated tournament in sparring modality, comprising four 2-minute fights with different opponents. Before and after each fight, the athletes performed the Sargent Jump Test and were asked to indicate the rate of the perceived exertion (RPE). In addition, the fights were recorded and some technical and tactical variables were analysed, namely the number of kicks, effectiveness, and technical variety. The analysis of variance for repeated measures with the Bonferroni post hoc test was used, with the significance level set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences in the jump height were observed throughout the fights (<i>p</i> = 0.22, trivial effect). The RPE increased over the fights (<i>p</i> < 0.01, large effect); however, no significant differences were obtained after each fight (<i>p</i> > 0.05, trivial effect). All technical and tactical variables remained unchanged over the fights (<i>p</i> > 0.05, trivial-to-small effect).ConclusionsThe simulated taekwondo tournament had no effect on vertical jump or technical and tactical performance throughout the fights. The athletes were able to recover the effort perception before each new fight.