bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls in Hospitalized Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Cross-sectional, Correlational Study
Authors: Craig Francesco , Castelnuovo Rosanna , Pacifico Rossella , Leo Rosaria , Trabacca Antonio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate in-hospital falls among children with neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions and investigated associated child characteristics.

Design
A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used in this study. A total of 446 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 298 were admitted with neurological conditions and 148 with neurodevelopmental conditions.

Methods
Intelligent quotient (IQ) was assessed according to age, and the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale (HDFS) was completed and scored for each participant.

Findings
The neurodevelopmental group showed higher HDFS total mean score (p = .001) compared to the neurological group. We found that fall rates are more frequent (p = .003) in the neurodevelopmental group (12.9%) compared with the neurological group (5.1%). In addition, we found that, in both groups, HDFS total mean score correlates negatively with children’s age, gender and IQ.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The results of this study suggest that the fall prevention programs must be implemented in children with neurodevelopmental conditions, not only in children with neurological conditions.
A Feasibility Trial of Two Rehabilitation Models in Severe Cardiopulmonary Illness
Authors: Steele Bonnie G. , Dougherty Cynthia M. , Burr Robert L. , Colwell Ina Gylys , Hunziker James 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare functional capacity and daily activity between two exercise rehabilitation interventions in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) over 6 months. Secondarily, we compared intervention groups on symptoms, depression, quality of life, and cardiopulmonary function.

Design/Methods
Ninety patients with severe COPD (n = 63) or HFrEF (n = 27) were randomized to either an exercise adherence intervention or standard cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Patients were 65-year-old male veterans who had either severe COPD (FEV1 < 50% predicted) or HFrEF (EF% < 40%).

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention groups or COPD or HfrEF groups on functional capacity, daily activity, symptoms, depression, quality of life, or cardiopulmonary function at 6 months.

Conclusion
In late-stage COPD and HFrEF, functional capacity is not improved with rehabilitation interventions.

Clinical Relevance
In severe COPD and heart failure, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation conducted at home or in the outpatient setting was not beneficial.
The Surgical Outcomes of Totally Laparoscopic Stomach-partitioning Gastrojejunostomy for Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Retrospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Kushibiki Toshihiro , Ebihara Yuma , Hontani Koji , Tanaka Kimitaka , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Noji Takehiro , Kurashima Yo , Murakami Soichi , Nakamura Toru , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Okamura Keisuke , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: December 2017

Background:
We have reported the effectiveness of laparoscopy-assisted stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy Roux-en-Y reconstruction (LASPGJ-RY) for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of totally laparoscopic stomach-partitioning gastrojejunostomy Roux-en-Y reconstruction (TLSPGJ-RY) for GOO.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled 19 consecutive patients with GOO. Surgical outcomes of LASPGJ-RY (LA group; n=8) and TLSPGJ-RY (TL group; n=11) between January 2004 and 2015 were compared. The patients’ background characteristics, operative findings, postoperative complications, and period to starting postoperative chemotherapy were examined.

Results:
Eligible cases included 6 patients with gastric cancer, 4 with pancreatic cancer, 4 with duodenal cancer, 4 with urologic malignancies, and 1 with benign duodenal stenosis. The patients’ background characteristics were not significantly different. In surgical outcomes, there were no significant differences in operating time, bleeding, complications (≥Clavien-Dindo grade IIIA), and postoperative hospital stay between the groups. The time to resume diet was significantly shorter in the TL group (median, 3 d; range, 3 to 6 d) than in the LA group (median, 5 d; range, 3 to 7 d; P=0.0093), and the number of patients who could receive chemotherapy after surgery was significantly higher in the TL group (P=0.039).

Conclusions:
TLSPGJ-RY was a safe and feasible gastrojejunostomy procedure for GOO. TLSPGJ-RY might be useful for early resumption of oral intake after surgery.
Artificial Neural Networking Model for the Prediction of Early Occlusion of Bilateral Plastic Stent Placement for Inoperable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shao Feng , Huang Qiang , Wang Chen , Qiu LuJun , Hu Yuan Guo , Zha Shu Yun 
Published: December 2017

Background:
This study aimed to determine whether the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model could be constructed to accurately in predicting early occlusion of bilateral plastic stent placement for inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCA).

Methods:
A total of 288 patients from the An Hui provincial Hospital were randomly divided into the training cohort (80%) and the internal testing cohort (20%). The predictive accuracy of the BP-ANN for predicting early occlusion of bilateral plastic stent placement of inoperable HCA was measured by the area under the curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The results were compared with those obtained using the conventional multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Multivariate analysis revealed that cancer stage (P=0.005) and Bismuth stage (P=0.003) were independently and significantly associated with early stent occlusion. In the training cohort, BP-ANN had larger AUC than the multivariate logistic regression model (P=0.00049). In the internal testing cohort, the AUC of the BP-ANN had larger AUC than the multivariate logistic regression model (P=0.02142).

Conclusions:
This study showed that the BP-ANN model is a good predictive tool. It performed better than the conventional and commonly used statistical model in predicting early occlusion of bilateral plastic stent placement for inoperable HCA.
Unbiased classification of mosquito blood cells by single-cell genomics and high-content imaging
Authors: Severo Maiara S. , Landry Jonathan J.M. , Lindquist Randall L. , Goosmann Christian , Brinkmann Volker , Collier Paul , Hauser Anja E. , Benes Vladimir , Henriksson Johan , Teichmann Sarah A. , Levashina Elena A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTMosquito blood cells are ancestral immune cells that help control infection by vector-borne pathogens. Despite their importance, little is known about mosquito blood cell biology beyond the ambiguous morphological and functional criteria used for their classification. Here we combined the power of single-cell RNA-sequencing, imaging flow cytometry and single-molecule RNA hybridization to analyze blood cells of the malaria mosquitoAnopheles gambiae. By demonstrating that blood cells express nearly half of the mosquito transcriptome, our dataset represents an unprecedented view into their transcriptional machinery. Analyses of differentially expressed genes identified transcriptional signatures of two distinct cell types that challenge the current morphology-based classification of these cells. We further demonstrated an active transfer of a cellular marker between blood cells that confounds their identity. We propose that cell-to-cell exchange is broadly relevant for cell type classification and may account for the remarkable cellular diversity observed in nature.
Visual Continuous Recognition Reveals Widespread Cortical Contributions to Scene Memory
Authors: Ellmore Timothy M. , Reichert Chelsea P. , Ng Kenneth , Mei Ning 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHumans have a remarkably high capacity and long duration memory for complex scenes. Previous research documents the neural substrates that allow for efficient categorization of scenes from other complex stimuli like objects and faces, but the spatiotemporal neural dynamics underlying scene memory are less well understood. In the present study, we used high density EEG during a visual continuous recognition task in which new, old, and scrambled scenes consisting of color outdoor photographs were presented at an average rate 0.26 Hz. Old scenes were single repeated presentations occurring within either a short-term (≤ 20 seconds) or longer-term intervals of between 30 sec and 3 minutes or 4 and 10 minutes. Overall recognition was far above chance, with better performance at short- than longer-term intervals. A group ANOVA found parietal and frontal ERPs discriminated the three scene types as early as 59 ms after stimulus onset. Parietal ERPs were greater for old compared to new scenes by 189 ms, while fronto-temporal ERPs were greater for new compared to old scenes by 194 ms. For old scenes presented within longer-term intervals, parieto-temporal and centro-frontal ERPs were greater by 228 and 355 ms respectively compared to old scenes presented within a short-term interval. Supervised machine learning exhibited above-chance decoding of scene type by 275 ms. Single-subject BOLD-fMRI showed greater activity for old scenes across frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex. These converging findings show that a widespread network including parietal, frontal, and temporal regions supports short- and long-term scene memory.Significance StatementThe ability to recognize a scene as novel or familiar is critical for basic cognition. Scene recognition plays an important role in episodic memory because it helps us quickly establish place, a first step in recalling where previous events occurred. Short-term recognition supports our ability to detect changes in the immediate environment, an ability critical to survival. Scene recognition after a longer-term interval is often the essential cue for retrieving autobiographical memories. Previous behavioral studies demonstrate high capacity and long duration scene memory. Neural studies have identified the brain regions that support scene-specific processing. The present study extends this research by filling a gap in understanding how distributed spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity support short- and long-term scene memory.
Disentangling reporting and disease transmission
Authors: O’Dea Eamon B. , Drake John M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSecond order statistics such as the variance and autocorrelation can be useful indicators of the stability of randomly perturbed systems, in some cases providing early warning of an impending, dramatic change in the system’s dynamics. One specific application area of interest is the surveillance of infectious diseases. In the context of disease (re-)emergence, a goal could be to have an indicator that is informative of whether the system is approaching the epidemic threshold, a point beyond which a major outbreak becomes possible. Prior work in this area has provided some proof of this principle but has not analytically treated the effect of imperfect observation on the behavior of indicators. This work provides expected values for several moments of the number of reported cases, where reported cases follow a binomial or negative binomial distribution with a mean based on the number of deaths in a birth-death-immigration process over some reporting interval. The normalized second factorial moment and the decay time of the number of case reports are two indicators that are insensitive to the reporting probability. Simulation is used to show how this insensitivity could be used to distinguish a trend of increased reporting from a trend of increased transmission. The simulation study also illustrates both the high variance of estimates and the possibility of reducing the variance by avE. O’Dea eraging over an ensemble of estimates from multiple time series.
Associated valence impacts early visual processing of letter strings: Evidence from ERPs in a cross-modal learning paradigm
Authors: Bayer Mareike , Graß Annika , Schacht Annekathrin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEmotion effects in event-related potentials (ERPs) during reading have been observed at very short latencies of around 100 to 200 ms after word onset. The nature of these effects remains a matter of debate: First, it is possible that they reflect semantic access, which might thus occur much faster than proposed by most reading models. Second, it is possible that associative learning of a word’s shape might contribute to the emergence of emotion effects during visual processing. The present study addressed this question by employing an associative learning paradigm on pronounceable letter strings (pseudowords). In a learning session, letter strings were associated with positive, neutral or negative valence by means of monetary gain, loss or zero-outcome. Crucially, half of the stimuli were learned in the visual modality, while the other half was presented acoustically, allowing for experimental separation of associated valence and physical percept. In a test session one or two days later, acquired letter string were presented in an old/new decision task while we recorded event-related potentials. Behavioural data showed an advantage for gain-associated stimuli both during learning and in the delayed old/new task. Early emotion effects in ERPs were limited to visually acquired letter strings, but absent for acoustically acquired letter strings. These results imply that associative learning of a word’s visual features might play an important role in the emergence of emotion effects at the stage of perceptual processing.
Effects of acclimation time and epigenetic mechanisms on growth ofNeurosporain fluctuating environments
Authors: Kronholm Ilkka , Ketola Tarmo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReaction norms or tolerance curves have often been used to predict how organisms deal with fluctuating environments. A potential drawback is that reaction norms measured in different constant environments may not capture all aspects of organismal responses to fluctuating environments. We examined growth of the filamentous fungusNeurospora crassain fluctuating temperatures and tested if growth in fluctuating temperatures can be explained simply by growth in different constant temperatures or if more complex models are needed. In addition, as previous studies on fluctuating environments have revealed that past temperatures that organisms have experienced can affect their response to current temperature, we tested the roles of different epigenetic mechanisms in response to fluctuating environments using different mutants. We found that growth ofNeurosporacan be predicted in fluctuating temperatures to some extent if acclimation times are taken into account in the model. Interestingly, while fluctuating environments have been linked with epigenetic responses we found only some evidence of involvement of epigenetic mechanisms on tolerating fluctuating temperatures. Mutants which lacked H3K4 or H3K36 methylation had slightly impaired response to temperature fluctuations, in addition the H3K4 methylation mutant and a mutant in the RNA interference pathway had altered acclimation times.
Recovery Dynamics of the High Frequency Alternating Current Nerve Block
Authors: Rapeaux Adrien , Brunton Emma , Nazarpour Kianoush , Constandinou Timothy G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveHigh-Frequency alternating current (HFAC) nerve block has great potential for neuromodulation-based therapies. However nerve function recovery dynamics after a block is highly understudied. This study aims to characterise the recovery dynamics of neural function after an HFAC block.ApproachExperiments were carried out in-vivo to determine blocking efficacy as a function of blocking signal amplitude and frequency, and recovery times as well as recovery completeness was measured within a 0.7 s time scale from the end of block. The sciatic nerve was stimulated at 100 Hz during recovery to reduce error to within ±10 ms for measurements of recovery dynamics. The electromyogram (EMG) signals were measured from gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior during trials as an indicator for nerve function.Main ResultsThe HFAC block was most reliable around 20 kHz, with block thresholds approximately 5 or 6 mA depending on the animal and muscle. Recovery times ranged from 20 to 430 milliseconds and final values spanned relative outputs from approximately 1 to 0.2. Higher blocking signal frequencies and amplitudes increased recovery time and decreased recovery completeness.SignificanceThese results confirm that recovery dynamics from block depend on blocking signal frequency and amplitude, which is of particular importance for neuromodulation therapies and for comparing results across studies using different blocking signal parameters.
ISM and Fuzzy MICMAC application for analysis of Lean Six Sigma barriers with environmental considerations
Authors: R. Ben Ruben , S. Vinodh , P. Asokan 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to prioritize and analyze the barriers that affect Lean Six Sigma (LSS) adoption with environmental considerations.

Design/methodology/approach
To find interrelationships and mutual influences among the identified barriers, an integrated interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Fuzzy MICMAC (Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqués à un Classement approach was applied). In total, 20 crucial barriers that affect LSS adoption with environmental considerations have been derived from the literature and in consultation with experts hailing from the industry and academia.

Findings
Based on the analysis, the most dominant and dependent barriers that affects LSS adoption with environmental considerations have been identified. The barriers, namely, “lack of top management commitment”, “lack of training and education” and “lack of funds for green projects”, occupy the base segment of the ISM hierarchy; the barriers, namely, “difficulty in adopting environmental strategies”, “stringent government policies”, “negative attitude towards sustainability concepts”, “improper communication” and “lack of defect monitoring analysis”, occupy the top level of the ISM hierarchy.

Practical implications
The analysis helped in identifying and prioritizing the barriers that affect LSS adoption with environmental considerations using a mathematical approach. This approach is also helpful for practitioners to focus on removing the key dominant barriers and to enable LSS adoption with environmental considerations smoothly.

Originality/value
The analysis helped in identifying and prioritizing the barriers that affect LSS adoption with environmental considerations using the Fuzzy MICMAC approach which has not been attempted in the past. The structural model is developed holistically based on the inputs gathered from practitioners and academicians to ensure practical validity. Also, this approach is helpful for practitioners to focus on removing the key dominant barriers and enabling them to deploy LSS concepts with environmental considerations smoothly.
Can respect be key to gender justice?
Authors: Østebø Marit Tolo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEquality and respect are, together with dignity, considered foundational values in international human rights discourse. While equality in particular has been established as a widely accepted goal in the women's rights movement, respect is, however, less commonly invoked. Based on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork conducted among the Arsi Oromo of Ethiopia, this article examines the notion ofwayyuu, a tacit moral model of respect and sacredness that is central to institutions and norms that have secured women certain rights and power. These norms and institutions represent a challenge to the liberal feminist conceptualization of gender equality that dominates international women's rights discourse. Drawing on theories of respect and on feminist and anthropological discussions of equality, I argue that even though there are certain limitations inherent inwayyuu, the sacredness it entails and the implications this has had for women's status and power among the Arsi Oromo call for an exploration of respect not as an alternative to equality, but as a complementary notion which to a greater extent could be included in global discussions of gender justice.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the children: a meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Jiang H‐Y , Peng C‐T , Zhang X , Ruan B 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEvidence for the relationship between antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the children is conflicting.ObjectiveTo assess the association between fetal exposure to antidepressant drugs and the subsequent development of ADHD.Search strategyA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases to identify relevant cohort studies published from inception until October 2017.Selection criteriaCohort studies, identifying children with ADHD diagnosis and linking antidepressant use during pregnancy in their mothers.Data collectionTwo reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed study quality.Main resultsThe literature search identified six relevant cohort studies with association between antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and the risk of ADHD in children [hazard ratio (HR) 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.57]. However, the association was not statistically significant when the reference group was mothers with psychiatric disorders not treated during pregnancy (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.76–1.2; n = 2 studies). Moreover, preconception exposure to antidepressants was significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.54–2.15; n = 3 studies).ConclusionsThe significant association between antidepressant exposure during pregnancy and ADHD in the children can be partially explained by confounding by indication. Given the low number of included studies, further studies with prospective designs that use validated measurements and controls for important confounders are needed to verify our findings.Tweetable abstractAntidepressant use during pregnancy may be not associated with ADHD in the offspring.
EFFICACY OF OXFENDAZOLE AGAINST INHIBITED OSTERTAGIA OSTERTAGI IN NATURALLY INFECTED CATTLE
Authors: KISTNER T. P. , WYSE D. , AVERKIN E. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYOxfendazole was administered to pregnant cows at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg body weight to determine the anthelmintic efficacy against naturally acquired larvae which became inhibited at the early 4th stage. The experimental design included three groups of orally‐treated cows, that is, 10 placebo treated control cows, 11 cows treated with 2.5 mg/kg of oxfendazole and 10 cows treated with 5.0 mg/kg of oxfendazole. Oxfendazole at 2.5 mg/kg body weight was 82 and 94% effective against EL‐4 and adult O. ostertagi, respectively. At 5 mg/kg, Oxfendazole was 95 and 99% effective against EL‐4 and adult O. ostertagi, respectively. The results suggested the use of a field dosage level of 5 mg/kg body weight oxfendazole where inhibited larvae may be encountered.