bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered perennial Eleocharis parvula (Cyperaceae), emerging in the 2011 tsunami inundation areas
Authors: Kimura Takuma , Yamazaki Shohei , Uno Kunihiko , Yamada Takayuki , Maki Masayuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing 454 pyrosequencing, we designed primers for 12 microsatellite loci in the endangered perennial herb Eleocharis parvula, which has established many new populations in areas disturbed by the huge tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Polymorphism of these 12 loci was assessed in 25 individuals from two newly established populations in the tsunami disaster area. The number of alleles ranged from two to five, and the ranges of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.167–0.833 and 0.219–0.727, respectively. These loci were not linked to each other and had no null alleles. These markers will be useful in studies of the genetic diversity, population dynamics and conservation of E. parvula.
Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds Changes in Fruit of Quince Genotypes Over Cold Storage
Authors: Moradi Samira , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud , Mozafari Ali Akbar , Abdollahi Hamid 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuince fruit has many benefits to human health and is excellent source of bioactive compounds. The fruit of 15 quince genotypes stored at 2 °C for 5 mo to study fruit quality changes during cold storage. Fruit were sampled monthly and stored at 20 °C for 24 h. Fruit ascorbic acid (AA), total phenol (TP), and total flavonoid (TF) concentrations, total antioxidant activity (TAA), flesh browning (FB) incidence, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured during storage. A high variation in bioactive compounds was observed across genotypes. The range of 26.8 to 44.4 mg/100 g FW for AA, 86.7% to 98.2% for TAA, 157.7 to 380.7 mg GAE 100−1 g FW for TP, and 5.3 to 10.7 mg/100 g FW for TF were observed across genotypes at harvest time. The overall AA, TAA, TP, TF, and SOD decreased while PPO and POX increased during storage. FB was first observed after 4 mo and increased thereafter while the FB index was different across genotypes. Higher bioactive content may prevent or reduce FB index so that a negative correlation was found between FB and AA, TAA, TP, TF, and SOD.
The Discursive Turn Arrives in Turtle Bay: The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons’ Operationalization of CriticalIRTheories
Authors: Bolton Matthew , Minor Elizabeth 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) has aimed to reenergize global civil society activism on nuclear weapons through a discursive strategy, borrowing self‐consciously from critical and post‐positivist international relations (IR) theories.ICANaims to generate a new disarmament discourse that establishes nuclear weapons as inherently inhumane. Alongside the state‐led Humanitarian Initiative,ICANcampaigners are helping to reshape the conversation at certain international meetings on nuclear weapons. They have helped to contest the dominance of national security narratives and force even the nuclear‐armed states to address the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons. In supporting a reframing of the conversation, they have opened nuclear disarmament policy making to new voices. However, as with the transmission of many ideas from one arena to another – in this case from academia to global policy making forums – there is a translation process asICANcampaigners selectively adopt from post‐positivistIRto meet their political goals. It is possible that this translation of critical theorizing into the setting of multilateral forums has necessitated reducing the potency of the disruptive critique of the original ideas.
P/Q‐type and T‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels are involved in the contraction of mammary and brain blood vessels from hypertensive patients
Authors: Thuesen A. D. , Lyngsø K. S. , Rasmussen L. , Stubbe J. , Skøtt O. , Poulsen F. R. , Pedersen C. B. , Rasmussen L. M. , Hansen P. B. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimCalcium channel blockers are widely used in cardiovascular diseases. Besides L‐type channels, T‐ and P/Q‐type calcium channels are involved in the contraction of human renal blood vessels. It was hypothesized that T‐ and P/Q‐type channels are involved in the contraction of human brain and mammary blood vessels.MethodsInternal mammary arteries from bypass surgery patients and cerebral arterioles from patients with brain tumours with and without hypertension were tested in a myograph and perfusion set‐up. PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed on isolated blood vessels.ResultsThe P/Q‐type antagonist ω‐agatoxin IVA (10−8 mol L−1) and the T‐type calcium blocker mibefradil (10−7 mol L−1) inhibited KCl depolarization‐induced contraction in mammary arteries from hypertensive patients with no effect on blood vessels from normotensive patients. ω‐Agatoxin IVA decreased contraction in cerebral arterioles from hypertensive patients. L‐type blocker nifedipine abolished the contraction in mammary arteries. PCR analysis showed expression of P/Q‐type (Cav2.1), T‐type (Cav3.1 and Cav3.2) and L‐type (Cav1.2) calcium channels in mammary and cerebral arteries. Immunohistochemical labelling of mammary and cerebral arteries revealed the presence of Cav2.1 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Cav3.1 was also detected in mammary arteries.ConclusionP/Q‐ and T‐type Cav are present in human internal mammary arteries and in cerebral penetrating arterioles. P/Q‐ and T‐type calcium channels are involved in the contraction of mammary arteries from hypertensive patients but not from normotensive patients. Furthermore, in cerebral arterioles P/Q‐type channels importance was restricted to hypertensive patients might lead to that T‐ and P/Q‐type channels could be a new target in hypertensive patients.
Art‐of‐Living Training: Developing an Intervention for Students to Increase Art‐of‐Living
Authors: Lang Jessica , Schmitz Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundArt‐of‐living describes a mindful and self‐determined way of dealing with one's self and way of life. It is related to measures of well‐being. Art‐of‐living is based on strategies and attitudes which can be learned and therefore can be changed. Two types of training for students to increase art‐of‐living were developed and tested in two studies to determine the effects on art‐of‐living measures.MethodsStudy 1 dealt with the initial examination of whether it is possible to enhance the art‐of‐living by training selected art‐of‐living strategies. Therefore, training with three conditions was developed and conducted with secondary school students (ages 16–19). In Study 2, a second art‐of‐living training was developed and conducted with children from primary school (ages 8–11).ResultsIn Study 1, the art‐of‐living measures increased significantly for the training conditions compared to a control group. In addition, Study 2 showed that higher levels of the art‐of‐living lead to a better quality of life.ConclusionsIn summary, the training successfully enhanced art‐of‐living. Limitations on and benefits of utilising the art‐of‐living training are discussed.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: therapeutic strategy and outcome in a 30‐year nationwide cohort of 1478 patients under 18 years of age
Authors: Rigaud Charlotte , Barkaoui Mohamed A. , Thomas Caroline , Bertrand Yves , Lambilliotte Anne , Miron Jean , Aladjidi Nathalie , Plat Geneviève , Jeziorski Eric , Galambrun Claire , Mansuy Ludovic , Lutz Patrick , Deville Anne , Armari‐Alla Corinne , Reguerre Yves , Fraitag Sylvie , Coulomb Aurore , Gandemer Virginie , Leboulanger Nicolas , Moshous Despina , Hoang‐Xuan Khe , Tazi Abdellatif , Heritier Sébastien , Emile Jean‐François , Donadieu Jean 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe French national cohort of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has included 1478 patients since it was established in 1983. LCH therapeutic strategies substantially changed in 1998, so we have divided the cohort into two 15‐year periods. Starting in 1998, therapy duration increased from 6 to 12 months, repeated induction therapy was performed in cases showing a poor response to the first induction with vinblastine and steroids, and refractory disease in a risk organ (RO+) was treated with cladribine and cytarabine. A total of 483 (33%) patients were enrolled before 1998, and 995 (67%) after 1998. Five‐year survival was 96·6% (95% confidence interval: 95·4–97·5%) overall, improving from 92% pre‐1998 to 99% post‐1998 (P < 0·001 adjusted to disease extent). This change was supported by an increase in 5‐year survival from 60% to 92% in the RO+ group. Survival was particularly associated with cladribine and cytarabine among refractory RO+ patients. Disease reactivation was slightly less frequent after 1998, due to better enrolment of single‐system patients, extended therapy duration, and more efficient second‐line therapy. The crude rates of endocrine and neurological sequelae (the most frequent sequelae) appeared to improve over time, but this difference was not observed when the analysis was stratified by disease extent.
Interactions of nitric oxide with α2‐adrenoceptors within the locus coeruleus underlie the facilitation of inhibitory avoidance memory by agmatine
Authors: Shelkar Gajanan P , Gakare Sukanya G , Chakraborty Suwarna , Dravid Shashank M , Ugale Rajesh R 
Published: June 2016

Background and PurposeAgmatine, a putative neurotransmitter, plays a vital role in learning and memory. Although it is considered an endogenous ligand of imidazoline receptors, agmatine exhibits high affinity for α‐adrenoceptors, NOS and NMDA receptors. These substrates within the locus coeruleus (LC) are critically involved in learning and memory processes.Experimental ApproachThe hippocampus and LC of male Wistar rat were stereotaxically cannulated for injection. Effects of agmatine, given i.p. or intra‐LC, on acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory were measured. The NO donor S‐nitrosoglutathione, non‐specific (L‐NAME) and specific NOS inhibitors (L‐NIL, 7‐NI, L‐NIO), the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine) or the corresponding agonist (clonidine) were injected intra‐LC before agmatine. Intra‐hippocampal injections of the NMDA antagonist, MK‐801 (dizocilpine), were used to modify the memory enhancing effects of agmatine, SNG and yohimbine. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and eNOS in the LC was assessed immunohistochemically.Key ResultsAgmatine (intra‐LC or i.p.) facilitated memory retrieval in the IA test. S‐nitrosoglutathione potentiated, while L‐NAME and L‐NIO decreased, these effects of agmatine. L‐NIL and 7‐NI did not alter the effects of agmatine. Yohimbine potentiated, whereas clonidine attenuated, effects of agmatine within the LC. The effects of agmatine, S‐nitrosoglutathione and yohimbine were blocked by intra‐hippocampal MK‐801. Agmatine increased the population of TH‐ and eNOS‐immunoreactive elements in the LC.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe facilitation of memory retrieval in the IA test by agmatine is probably mediated by interactions between eNOS, NO and noradrenergic pathways in the LC.
Deciphering exhumation and burial history with multi‐sample down‐well thermochronometric inverse modelling
Authors: Ketcham Richard A. , Mora Andrés , Parra Mauricio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ability of thermochronometric data to shed light on the geologic history of samples and localities through thermal history inverse modelling is enhanced by the degree to which additional geological information can be incorporated into the modelling process. In this contribution, we describe a new set of methods and processes implemented in the HeFTy modelling software for specifying the stratigraphic relationships between samples down a well or borehole, allowing them to be modelled simultaneously, and demonstrate their use in bringing better definition to both predepositional and burial histories. Data from two wells in the Colombian Andes are examined, one in the Middle Magdalena Valley that experienced not only fast Miocene burial but also features a Mio‐Pliocene unconformity, and one in the eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera in which burial was accomplished by a combination of sedimentation and overthrusting. Multiple‐sample modelling in both wells considerably refines the results that are obtained from single‐sample modelling. We also demonstrate how to use these methods to pose and evaluate distinct hypotheses concerning the geologic history. As a general rule, it is best practice to set up thermal history inverse models to pose specific geological questions while ruling out geologically impossible or inconsistent solutions.
Mass‐transport complexes as markers of deep‐water fold‐and‐thrust belt evolution: insights from the southern Magdalena fan, offshore Colombia
Authors: Ortiz‐Karpf Andrea , Hodgson David M. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , McCaffrey William D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMass wasting is an important process in the degradation of deep‐water fold‐and‐thrust belts. However, the relationship between mass‐transport complex (MTC) emplacement and the timing and spatial progression of contractional deformation of the seabed have not been extensively studied. This study uses high‐quality, 3D seismic reflection data from the southern Magdalena Fan, offshore Colombia to investigate how the growth of a deep‐water fold‐and‐thrust belt (the southern Sinú fold belt) is recorded in the source, distribution and size of MTCs. More than nine distinct, but coalesced MTCs overlie a major composite basal erosion surface. This surface formed by multiple syn‐ and post‐tectonic mass‐wasting events and is thus highly diachronous, thereby recording a protracted period of tectonism, seascape degradation and associated sedimentation. The size and source location of these MTCs changed through time: the oldest ‘detached’ MTCs are relatively small (over 9–100 km2 in area) and sourced from the flanks of growing anticlines, whereas the younger ‘shelf‐attached’ MTCs are considerably larger (more than 200–300 km2), are sourced from the shelf, and post‐date the main phase of active folding and thrusting. Changes in the source, distribution and size of MTCs are tied to the sequential nucleation, amplification and along‐strike propagation of individual structures, showing that MTCs can be used to constrain the timing and style of contractional deformation, and seascape evolution in time and space.
Validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing perceived motor competence in Portuguese children
Authors: Lopes V. P. , Barnett L. M. , Saraiva L. , Gonçalves C. , Bowe S. J. , Abbott G. , Rodrigues L. P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to assess young children's perceived Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) competence in order to examine the role of perceived FMS competence in motivation toward physical activity. Children's perceptions of motor competence may vary according to the culture/country of origin; therefore, it is also important to measure perceptions in different cultural contexts. The purpose was to assess the face validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity of the 12 FMS items in the Pictorial Scale for Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children (PMSC) in a Portuguese sample.MethodsTwo hundred one Portuguese children (girls, n = 112), 5 to 10 years of age (7.6 ± 1.4), participated. All children completed the PMSC once. Ordinal alpha assessed internal consistency. A random subsamples (n = 47) were reassessed one week later to determine test–retest reliability with Bland–Altman method. Children were asked questions after the second administration to determine face validity. Construct validity was assessed on the whole sample with a Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling (BSEM) approach. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 12 items and two hypothesized factors: object control and locomotor skills.ResultsThe majority of children correctly identified the skills and could understand most of the pictures. Test–retest reliability analysis was good, with an agreement ration between 0.99 and 1.02. Ordinal alpha values ranged from acceptable (object control 0.73, locomotor 0.68) to good (all FMS 0.81). The hypothesized BSEM model had an adequate fit.ConclusionsThe PMSC can be used to investigate perceptions of children's FMS competence. This instrument can also be satisfactorily used among Portuguese children.
Comparisons in childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors among urban Saudi Arab adolescents in 2008 and 2013
Authors: Al‐Daghri N.M. , Aljohani N.J. , Al‐Attas O.S. , Al‐Saleh Y. , Alnaami A.M. , Sabico S. , Amer O.E. , Alharbi M. , Kumar S. , Alokail M.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to compare the prevalence of childhood obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors from two independent cohorts (2008 and 2013) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA total of 4549 adolescents aged 12–18 years [2454 boys, 2095 girls], taken from two independent cohorts, 5 years apart (2008 and 2013), were included. Anthropometrics were measured, and fasting blood samples were taken to ascertain glucose and lipid profile.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in 2013 [15.3 (95% confidence interval 13.7–16.9)] than 2008 [12.6 (11.3–13.9)] (P = 0.012). Stratified by sex, the prevalence of obesity among boys was significantly higher in 2013 than 2008 [2008 = 12.0 (10.3–13.7) versus 2013 = 17.4 (15.1–19.7); P < 0.001]. The age groups 13 and 15 years had a significantly higher mean triglycerides in 2013 than 2008 (P‐values 0.003 and <0.001, respectively) and lower mean HDL‐cholesterol also in the 13 years old age group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia has increased in particular age groups (13–15 years) during a 5‐year span. Special attention is warranted in these vulnerable age groups, particularly in boys, as cardiometabolic risk factors appear to worsen.
Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor and factor XII mutation: a series of 57 patients from the French National Center of Reference for Angioedema
Authors: Deroux A , Boccon-Gibod I , Fain O , Pralong P , Ollivier Y , Pagnier A , Djenouhat K , Du-Thanh A , Gompel A , Faisant C , Launay D , Bouillet L 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease associated with either a quantitative or qualitative deficiency in C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) or normal C1-INH. HAE with normal C1-INH is associated in 20% of cases with mutations in the gene for factor XII (FXII) or FXII-HAE. A recent review described 41 families, including 14 German and 15 Spanish families. We have constructed a register of French patients and their characteristics. A national survey was launched through the French National Center of Reference for Angioedema (CREAK) to study the clinical, biological and therapeutic characteristics of patients with HAE linked to a mutation of FXII gene. Fifty-seven patients were identified from 24 different families. In most cases they were young women (mean age at diagnosis: 31 years, mean age at first symptom: 21 years, female/male ratio: 76%). Twenty-one per cent of the patients experienced angioedema attacks only during pregnancy or when on oestrogen contraception. Sixty-three per cent had attacks at all times, but they were more severe during these same periods. Male carriers of the mutation were more frequently asymptomatic than females (P = 0·003). C1-INH concentrate and icatibant were both effective for treating attacks. The prophylactic use of tranexamic acid led to a 64% decrease in the number of attacks. This is one of the largest series reported of HAE patients with FXII mutation. The therapeutic management appeared to be identical to that of HAE with C1-INH deficiency.
The immunology of the vermiform appendix: a review of the literature
Authors: Kooij I A , Sahami S , Meijer S L , Buskens C J , te Velde A A 
Published: June 2016

Summary
This literature review assesses the current knowledge about the immunological aspects of the vermiform appendix in health and disease. An essential part of its immunological function is the interaction with the intestinal bacteria, a trait shown to be preserved during its evolution. The existence of the appendiceal biofilm in particular has proved to have a beneficial effect for the entire gut. In assessing the influence of acute appendicitis and the importance of a normally functioning gut flora, however, multiple immunological aspects point towards the appendix as a priming site for ulcerative colitis. Describing the immunological and microbiotical changes in the appendix during acute and chronic inflammation of the appendix, this review suggests that this association becomes increasingly plausible. Sustained by the distinct composition of cells, molecules and microbiota, as well as by the ever more likely negative correlation between the appendix and ulcerative colitis, the idea of the appendix being a vestigial organ should therefore be discarded.
Retracted: Influence of hydroxyapatite granule size, porosity, and crystallinity on tissue reaction in vivo. Part B: a comparative study with biphasic synthetic biomaterials
Authors: Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo , Gehrke Sergio , Mazón Patricia , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the influence of the physical–chemical properties of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and biphasic commercial materials on the biological behavior of study materials through material characterization and SEM analysis before and after application in rabbit tibias.Materials and methodsTwo defects were performed in each tibiae for a total of 180 defects: Group I HA granules (2000–4000 μm), Group II HA granules (1000–2000 μm), Group III HA granules (600–1000 μm), Group IV Ossceram® nano (Bredent medical GmbH & Co. KG, Senden, Germany), Group V 4Bone® granules (MIS Implants Technologies Ltd, Shlomi, Israel), and Group VI: empty defect acted as control. Comparison was performed by mean of material characterization, SEM, and EDX.Results4Bone: Pores between 300 μm and 100 μm with intra‐ and interparticle spaces. Ossceram show also interparticle and intraparticle pores, between 100 μm and 26 μm, but the proportion of interparticles in the 4Bone is clearly minor than in the Ossceram. Related with pure HA, Group III has the greatest porosity (69.3%). For Group I, the intraparticle pores (0.71 μm) are about 8 times larger than those of the other two samples. The analysis of the images of in vivo SEM shown as biphasic groups has presented a more gradual resorption of the material.ConclusionHA‐based biomaterials, both pure and biphasic, are an effective means for bone regeneration processes; of these, materials with higher initial and secondary porosimetry allow greater cell colonization and therefore more effective substitution by new bone. The two‐phase materials have a higher ion release to the environment in the early stages and thus allow greater colonization by collagen fibers that can be matured into new bone.