bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Children's BMI and Parents’ Preferences for Kids’ Yogurts with and without Front of Package Health Signals
Authors: Colson Gregory , Grebitus Carola 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTChildhood obesity has emerged as a critical national policy issue in many countries. One challenge in combating childhood obesity via induced shifts toward a healthier diet is that the majority of food consumed by younger children is purchased or prepared by someone else, i.e., a parent. Hence, it is critical to design initiatives and marketing efforts aimed at affecting parents' purchases of healthy foods for their children. In this study, we focus on the potential of front‐of‐package health labels specifically designed to signal to parents those foods that are healthy for children. We report results of a choice experiment administered to 733 parents. In the experiments, branded and unbranded yogurts marketed to children are considered with different health labels. In our analysis, we control for the child's body mass index (BMI) to assess how labels affect parents' food choices in the context of varying BMI data for the children. We also include whether parents worried about their children's eating patterns react differently to the labeling. Results from two multinomial logit models indicate that parents prefer and are more likely to purchase yogurts with a label denoting the food is a healthy choice for children. Critically, we find parents with children who are overweight or obese, and hence already in the high‐risk category due to their body weight, are most affected by the labels. Overall, results indicate that health labels can be an effective signal and marketing effort to nudge parents of overweight or obese children toward healthier food purchase. [EconLit citations: D12, I1, Q18].
Information Content of USDA Rice Reports and Price Reactions of Rice Futures
Authors: McKenzie Andrew M. , Darby Jessica L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRice is a predominant food staple in many regions of the world, and it is important to determine how efficiently the U.S. rice market helps to ensure world food security. This question can be answered by gauging the price discovery performance of the U.S. rice futures market and the economic usefulness of the U.S. government's supply and demand forecasts. So, to this end, we employ two event study approaches: (1) to examine variability in returns on report‐release days as compared to returns on pre‐ and post‐report days, and (2) to regress price reactions on changes in usage and production information. It is found that the USDA provides the rice futures markets with valuable information and rice futures respond to the information in an economically consistent manner.
Stabilitätsanforderungen von Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklung: der Weg zu einem grundlegenden Verständnis und zur Minimierung der Katalysatordegradation
Authors: Spöri Camillo , Kwan Jason Tai Hong , Bonakdarpour Arman , Wilkinson David P. , Strasser Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit den technischen Herausforderungen, wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen, neuen Entwicklungen und Perspektiven auf dem Gebiet der Stabilität und Degradation von OER‐Katalysatoren (OER=Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion) an Elektrolyseuranoden in saurer Umgebung. Vorrangig wird der Betrieb auf Basis von Membran‐Elektrode‐Einheiten betrachtet. Zuerst wird der Begriff “Katalysatorstabilität” diskutiert; weitere Themen sind die aktuellen Leistungsziele sowie die Hauptmechanismen der Katalysatordegradation und Strategien zu deren Verminderung. Anschließend werden geeignete In‐situ‐Methoden für die Untersuchung der Katalysatordegradation bewertet und Entwicklungen bei der Abstimmung der OER‐Katalysatorstabilität beschrieben. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung allgemeingültiger Kennzahlen für die Stabilität diskutiert, und es wird ein umfassender beschleunigter Alterungstest vorgeschlagen, der vergleichbare Leistungsdaten für verschiedene Laborbedingungen und Katalysatortypen liefert. Ziel ist es, die Beziehungen zwischen Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Stabilität von OER‐Katalysatoren bei verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen aufzuzeigen.
Risk of second primary cancer in patients treated with radiotherapy for rectal cancer
Authors: Martling A , Smedby K E , Birgisson H , Olsson H , Granath F , Ekbom A , Glimelius B 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Many patients with rectal cancer receive radiotherapy (RT) to reduce the risk of local recurrence. Radiation may give rise to adverse effects, including second primary cancers. In view of the divergent results of previous studies, the present study evaluated the risk of second primary cancer following RT in all randomized RT rectal cancer trials conducted in Sweden and in the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR).

Methods
Patients included in five randomized trials and the SCRCR were linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Cox regression models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of second primary cancer among patients who received RT compared with those who did not.

Results
A total of 13 457 patients were included in this study; 7024 (52·2 per cent) received RT and 6433 (47·8 per cent) had surgery alone. Overall, no increased risk of second primary cancer was observed with RT (HR 1·03; 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·15), independently of follow-up time and location within or outside of the irradiated volume. In the randomized trials, with longer follow-up (maximum 31 years), a slight increase was observed outside of (HR 1·33, 1·01 to 1·74) but not within (HR 1·11, 0·73 to 1·67) the irradiated volume. Irradiated men had a lower risk of prostate cancer than those treated with surgery alone (HR 0·68, 0·51 to 0·91).

Conclusion
Overall, there was no increased risk of second primary cancer following RT for rectal cancer within or outside of the irradiated volume up to 20 years of follow-up. Men with rectal cancer who received RT had a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
Orbital Engineering: Photoactivation of an Organofunctionalized Polyoxotungstate
Authors: Cameron Jamie M. , Fujimoto Satomi , Kastner Katharina , Wei Rong‐Jia , Robinson David , Sans Victor , Newton Graham N. , Oshio H. Hiroki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTungsten‐based polyoxometalates (POMs) have been employed as UV‐driven photo‐catalysts for a range of organic transformations. Their photoactivity is dependent on electronic transitions between frontier orbitals and thus manipulation of orbital energy levels provides a promising means of extending their utility into the visible regime. Herein, an organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxometalate, K6[P2W17O57(PO5H5C7)2]⋅6 C4H9NO, was found to exhibit enhanced redox behaviour and photochemistry compared to its purely inorganic counterparts. Hybridization with electron‐withdrawing moieties was shown to tune the frontier orbital energy levels and reduce the HOMO–LUMO gap, leading to direct visible‐light photoactivation of the hybrid and establishing a simple, cheap and effective approach to the generation of visible‐light‐activated hybrid nanomaterials.
Point‐to‐Point Ultra‐Remote Asymmetric Control with Flexible Linker
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Ishikawa Yasuyuki , Minato Yoshihiro , Otsuka Takashi , Yonekubo Shigeru , Sato Itaru , Shibata Takanori , Matsumoto Arimasa , Soai Kenso 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn ultra‐remote intramolecular (point‐to‐point) asymmetric control through 38 bonds (1,39‐asymmetric induction) has been achieved by using the principle of direct supramolecular orientation of catalytic and reactive moieties in asymmetric autocatalysis. We found the highly stereoselective diisopropylzinc addition reaction using designed molecules possessing pyrimidine sites at each terminal of a conformationally flexible simple methylene chain.
Principles of Chromatography
Authors: Mallik Buddhadeb , Chakravarti Bulbul , Chakravarti Deb N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChromatography in its many different forms is an indispensable separation technique for purification or analysis of one or multiple components from a mixture that may contain a variety of simple as well as complex molecules. This unit is focused on a specific type of chromatography known as liquid chromatography (LC), with particular reference to separation of proteins. The theory of chromatography is discussed in the context of partition of the components of a mixture between a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase. Although very useful for chromatographic separation of small molecules, considerable deviation is observed in the case of separation of proteins. The principles of three commonly used chromatographic techniques for separation of proteins, such as size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography, are discussed. The unit is expected to be useful for biologists and biochemists, as well as engineers involved in downstream bioprocessing. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MHC‐Peptide Tetramers to Visualize Antigen‐Specific T Cells
Authors: Altman John D. , Davis Mark M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMature T lymphocytes of the CD8 or CD4 classes bear αβ T cell receptors (TCR) that are specific for a molecular complex consisting of a major histocompatibility complex class I or II (MHC class I or II) molecule bound to a unique self or foreign peptide. Until recently, methods for monitoring antigen‐specific T cell immune responses were restricted primarily to functional assays based on limiting dilution analysis, because the lack of specific molecular reagents to identify clonal T cells obviated approaches to identify and enumerate specific T cells. Development of efficient methods to express and refold MHC class I molecules with synthetic peptides coincided with identification of specific protein sequences that provide the substrate for enzymatic biotinylation. This combination has led to the development of a straightforward method for generating synthetic TCR ligands, making them tetravalent to provide increased avidity, and labeling them through a streptavidin moiety with useful fluorescent tags such as allophycocyanin or R‐phycoerythrin. This unit describes the preparation of MHC class I/peptide tetramers in detail, including bacterial expression and refolding of the MHC class I light chain, β2‐microglobulin (β2m), as well as the formation of a complex consisting of the MHC class I heavy chain of interest, β2m, and a chosen peptide. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Induction and Quantification of NETosis
Authors: Carmona‐Rivera Carmelo , Kaplan Mariana J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are web‐like structures composed of nuclear material and neutrophil granular proteins that are released to the extracellular space after specific microbial or sterile inflammatory stimuli. NETosis is a specific type of cell death that ensues when neutrophils extrude NETs. It is important to develop validated standards to induce and quantify NETs in order to accurately compare results between laboratories and advance the understanding of this biological process and its implications in health and disease. This unit presents methods for isolating human neutrophils from peripheral blood and inducing NETs through various types of stimulation that rely on the production of reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase or mitochondria. Alternative methods are also described for low‐ and high‐throughput quantification of NETs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Cultures of Tissue Explants and Cell Lines
Authors: Mincheva‐Nilsson Lucia , Baranov Vladimir , Nagaeva Olga , Dehlin Eva 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExosomes are specialized, nanometer‐sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin actively secreted into the extracellular space by a variety of cells under normal and pathological conditions. Exosomes have recently emerged as important intercellular communicators and modulators of diverse mechanisms and cellular responses. Characterization of their composition and function will open possibilities for new diagnostic methods and promising therapeutic approaches based on nanobiology. This unit provides a standard isolation procedure for purification of exosomes based on density gradient ultracentrifugation with sucrose. The process of isolating exosomes relies on obtaining proper source fluids/supernatants as well as qualitative and quantitative assessment of the isolated vesicles. The methodological procedures here can be divided in three parts: (1) pre‐isolation procedures aiming to obtain fluids containing exosomes, with a focus on protocols for organ explants and cell cultures; (2) a procedure for exosome isolation with several gradient alternatives; and (3) post‐isolation procedures for estimating the purity and yield of the exosomal fraction. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescence‐Based Microplate Assays for In Vitro Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity, Metabolic Perturbation, and Cellular Oxygenation
Authors: Hynes James , Carey Conn , Will Yvonne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh‐throughput in vitro cell metabolism assays are of particular use for identification and delineation of mitochondrial toxicity and related metabolic perturbation. Here, a panel of fluorescence‐based metabolism assays are described for measuring oxygen consumption, glycolytic flux, and cellular oxygenation. They can be applied to analysis of both isolated mitochondria and cell models. Sample data are presented illustrating how these protocols can be used to examine drug treatment, the interplay between oxidative and glycolytic ATP generation, and the impact of cell oxygenation on this balance. Descriptions are provided on how these measurements can be applied to 3D systems and how they can be multiplexed with other relevant metabolic readouts. Mitochondrial isolation and cell permeabilization protocols are also provided. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Properties of Space Charge Distributions and Conduction Current in XLPE and LDPE under DC High Electric Field
Authors: KATO TSUYOSHI , ONOZAWA RYO , MIYAKE HIROAKI , TANAKA YASUHIRO , TAKADA TATSUO 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYSpace charge behavior and conduction current in polyethylene under dc stress were investigated. One of the reasons for the different breakdown property in cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) from that in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) may be based on the existence of cross‐linking by‐products in XLPE. Furthermore, a thermal history in cross‐linking process for XLPE may also cause of the difference. It is generally accepted that the existence of the cross‐linking by‐products increase the conduction current in XLPE under dc stress. It is also said that an anneal treatment in air atmosphere may affect to the electrical properties under dc stress. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the cross‐linking by‐products and the anneal treatment on space charge behavior and conduction current in polyethylene under dc stress. In our research, it is thought that the increasing dissipation power in XLPE is the cause of the breakdown in it under dc stress. Therefore, to calculate the dissipation power in the bulk of test sample, we measured the space charge distribution and the external circuit current simultaneously. Based on the results, we discussed the reason of the difference of the space charge properties in XLPE and LDPE focusing on the cross‐linking by‐products and the oxidation of the test samples.
The bioenergy potential of Natura 2000 – a synergy between climate change mitigation and biodiversity protection
Authors: Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Ottoy Sam , de Andrés García María , Muys Bart , Hermy Martin 
Published: November 2016

Climate change and biodiversity loss are two of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. To date, actions proposed by the international community to address these problems have largely been conducted in a piecemeal fashion. Conservation biologists advocate for low‐intensity management in temperate protected areas to maintain and restore biodiversity. Low‐input, high‐diversity biomass from such areas has been proposed as a promising alternative bioenergy feedstock. Here, we show that there is a vast unexploited biomass‐for‐bioenergy potential present in Natura 2000, the European nature conservation network. Spanning 7.5 million hectares (ha), non‐forest ecosystems within Natura 2000 have a biomass production of 17.9 teragrams (Tg) of dry matter annually. The conversion of this biomass to bioenergy will not lead to the displacement of food production systems, thereby avoiding 12.5 Tg of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse‐gas emissions and circumventing between 1.2 and 2.8 million ha of indirect land‐use change. The use of conservation biomass as bioenergy feedstock clearly offers the opportunity to reconcile biodiversity goals and climate‐change mitigation.
Relationship between HMF intake and SMF formation in vivo: An animal and human study
Authors: Pastoriza de la Cueva Silvia , Álvarez Juana , Végvári Ákos , Montilla‐Gómez Javier , Cruz‐López Olga , Delgado‐Andrade Cristina , Rufián‐Henares José A. 
Published: November 2016

Scope5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a furanic compound produced in heat‐processed foods by nonenzymatic browning reactions. HMF has been demonstrated to be hepato‐ and nephrotoxic in animals with a link to its metabolite 5‐sulfooxymethylfurfural (SMF). To date little is known about either the formation of SMF from ingested HMF or the formation of DNA adducts in animals or human beings.Methods and resultsTo assess SMF in vivo formation, we first performed a study in mice treated with high/low doses of oral HMF. We found increased concentrations of SMF in plasma and DNA SMF‐adducts in leukocytes, hepatic tissue, and kidneys by means of LC–MS/MS, but no spatial formation in such tissues was observed by MALDI‐MS imaging technology due to low sensitivity. In a second experiment, we measured the exposure to HMF in a Spanish preadolescent population. We analyzed the concentration of HMF metabolites (plasma, urine) and measured, for the first time, the presence of SMF in plasma and DNA SMF‐adducts in leukocytes.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that oral HMF is readily transformed into SMF in vivo, giving rise to the formation of DNA adducts in a direct relation with HMF intake, both in animals and human beings.
Meeting Report From the Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Working Group on Radium‐223
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Morris Michael , Soule Howard R. ,   PCF Radium‐223 Scientific Working Group
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTIONThe Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) convened a Scientific Working Group Meeting on Radium‐223 on September 8, 2016, at The Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.METHODSThe meeting was attended by 18 investigators with expertise in radium‐223, bone biology, molecular imaging, biomarkers, and prostate cancer clinical trials. The goal of this meeting was to discuss the known and unknown surroundings the therapeutic effects of the bone targeting agent radium‐223, in bone metastatic prostate cancer therapy, and to outline the most critical studies needed to improve the clinical use of this agent.RESULTSThree major topic areas were discussed: (1) the basic science of radium; (2) immuno‐adjuvant properties of radium therapy; and (3) high impact clinical trials and correlative science.DISCUSSIONThis article reviews the major topics discussed at the meeting for the purpose of accelerating studies that will improve the use of radium‐223 in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Prostate 77:245–254, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theory of time‐dependent nonequilibrium transport through a single molecule in a nonorthogonal basis set
Authors: Dražić Miloš S. , Cerovski Viktor , Zikic Radomir 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA microscopic theory of nonequilibrium electronic transport under time‐dependent bias through a molecule (or quantum dot) embedded between two semi‐infinite metallic electrodes is developed in a nonorthogonal single‐particle basis set using an ab initio formalism of Green's functions. The equilibrium zeroth order electron Green's function and self‐energy are corrected by the corresponding time‐inhomogeneous dynamical contributions derived in the Hartree approximation in a steady‐state linear‐response regime. Nonorthogonality contributes to dynamical response by introducing terms related to the central region‐electrode interface, which appears only in the time‐dependent case. The expression for current is also derived, where a nonorthogonality‐induced dynamical correction gives an additional current that is not present in the orthogonal description. It is shown that the obtained expression for current is gauge‐invariant and demonstrated that the omission of the additional current violates charge conservation. The additional current term vanishes in an orthogonal basis set.
Adding fish images taken in other countries to the biodiversity database of a Japanese public museum, with report of range extension of Labrisomus jenkinsi from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Murase Atsunobu , Sahara Ryosuke , Angulo Arturo , Senou Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany biodiversity databases have been launched in recent years. Various species of certain developed taxa, such as fish, quadrupeds, and butterflies, are currently able to be photographically identified, in particular for ecological and biogeographic studies. However, there are problems that result from registration of images from countries with different primary languages. In this study, we provide an example of the challenges associated with registering fish images, specifically one case that has functioned as a voucher for the range extension of Labrisomus jenkinsi (Heller and Snodgrass, 1903) (Perciformes: Labrisomidae) from the Galapagos Islands to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The fish image database in question belongs to a Japanese public museum [the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History; the online version (FishPix) is provided by the museum and the National Museum of Nature and Science]. We propose that there are problems associated with image registration caused by using different languages. Furthermore, these challenges should be a common subject for discussion among museums as they attempt to accumulate biodiversity data from citizens in the future.