bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive reserve in the healthy elderly: cognitive and psychological factors
Authors: Zihl Josef , Pargent Florian , Schmid Antonia , Almeida Osborne F.X. , Sousa Nuno , Walther Katrin , Fink Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) helps explain the mismatch between expected cognitive decline and observed maintenance of cognitive functioning in older age. Factors such as education, literacy, lifestyle, and social networking are usually considered to be proxies of CR and its variability between individuals. A more direct approach to examine CR is through the assessment of capacity to gain from practice in a standardized challenging cognitive task that demands activation of cognitive resources. In this study, we applied a testing-the-limits paradigm to a group of 136 healthy elderly subjects (60–75 years) and additionally examined the possible contribution of complex mental activities and quality of sleep to cognitive performance gain. We found a significant but variable gain and identified verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and problem-solving as important factors. This outcome is in line with our earlier study on CR in healthy mental aging. Interestingly and contrary to expectations, our analysis revealed that complex mental activities and sleep quality do not significantly influence CR. Best subset regression showed that better verbal memory and higher cognitive flexibility were related to high CR, which could also be seen when contrasting “high” and “low” cognitive performers; again, complex mental activities and sleep quality did not contribute to this measure of CR. In conclusion, the results of this study support and extend previous findings on CR in older age; further, they underline the need for improvements in existing protocols for assessing CR in a dynamic manner.
Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Terhadap Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pedesaan Kecamatan Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Farida Umrotul 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">Dalam kawasan pedesaan, aksesibilitas merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat merangsang tumbuhnya pasar dan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Seperti halnya Kecamatan Bumijawa sebagai salah satu kawasan pedesaan di Kabupaten Tegal yang berada di area pegunungan yaitu di kaki Gunung Slamet. Seiring dengan perkembangan transportasi dan jaringan jalan, aksesibilitas pada beberapa kawasan semakin mudah. Aktivitas masyarakat pun semakin berkembang, tidak hanya dalam bidang pertanian saja tetapi juga dalam bidang non pertanian. Sedangkan Pada kawasan dengan aksesibilitas rendah, kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat masih tertinggal karena sulitnya akses menuju kawasan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh aksesibilitas terhadap karakteristik sosial ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan di Kecamatan Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, analisis <em>crosstab</em> dan analisis spasial. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa secara umum aksesibilitas cenderung mempengaruhi kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Berdasarkan zona sosial ekonomi yang dihasilkan, pada kawasan dengan nilai aksesibilitas tinggi maupun yang berada di sekitar pusat pertumbuhan cenderung memiliki kondisi sosial ekonomi yang lebih berkembang dan sebaliknya. Bila dilihat dari besar pengaruhnya berdasarkan analisis <em>crosstab</em>, meskipun memiliki korelasi yang cukup kuat yaitu antara 0,309 hingga 0,702, namun besarnya pengaruh tingkat aksesibilitas terhadap kondisi sosial masih tergolong lemah yaitu hanya berkisar antara 0,049 hingga 0,254. Hal ini karena masih banyaknya faktor-faktor lainnya yang juga berpengaruh terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan. Selain itu, juga salah satunya disebabkan karena rendahnya tingkat pergerakan masyarakat pedesaan dibandingkan dengan masyarakat perkotaan.</p>
Rationales for the Implementation of Competition Law in EU, the US and Asia: Content Analysis and Data Visualization Approach
Authors: Man Li Rita Yi , Yu Li Herru Ching , Mak Cho Kei , Chan Po Kei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In recent years, many of the Asian countries follow suit to implement competition law. Are there any differences with regards to the intention to implement competition law? Are they driven by similar lines of reasoning? Many of the previous research shed light on one or two Asia countries reasons for implementing competition law. Others focus on the US antitrust law or EU competition law only. This paper compares and contrasts the similarities and differences with regards to the major motives in implementing competition laws/antitrust laws. We first used content analysis to categorize the reasons for implementation of competition law. After that, data visualization method is used to study the the reasons mentioned by official websites and academic journals which lead to the implementation of competition laws in different countries.
Human-centered risk management for medical devices – new methods and tools
Authors: Janß Armin , Plogmann Simon , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStudies regarding adverse events with technical devices in the medical context showed, that in most of the cases non-usable interfaces are the cause for use deficiencies and therefore a potential harm for the patient and third parties. This is partially due to the lack of suitable methods for interlinking usability engineering and human-centered risk management. Especially regarding the early identification of human-induced errors and the systematic control of these failures, medical device manufacturers and in particular the developers have to be supported in order to guarantee reliable design and error-tolerant human-machine interfaces (HMI). In this context, we developed the HiFEM methodology and a corresponding software tool (mAIXuse) for model-based human risk analysis. Based on a two-fold approach, HiFEM provides a task-type-sensitive modeling structure with integrated temporal relations in order to represent and analyze the use process in a detailed way. The approach can be used from early developmental stages up to the validation process. Results of a comparative study with the HiFEM method and a classical process-failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) depict, that the new modeling and analysis technique clearly outperforms the FMEA. Besides, we implemented a new method for systematic human risk control (mAIXcontrol). Accessing information from the method’s knowledge base enables the operator to detect the most suitable countermeasures for a respective risk. Forty-one approved generic countermeasure principles have been indexed as a resulting combination of root causes and failures in a matrix. The methodology has been tested in comparison to a conventional approach as well. Evaluation of the matrix and the reassessment of the risk priority numbers by a blind expert demonstrate a substantial benefit of the new mAIXcontrol method.
Crystal structure of 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, C14H11NO2
Authors: Xiao Zheng-Kang , Lu Jian-Mei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C14H11NO2, orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 10.3868(9) Å, b = 7.7695(7) Å, c = 26.576(2) Å, V = 2144.7(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0348, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0911, T = 298(2)K.
Weinqualität in unterschiedlichen Organisationsformen
Authors: Hildenbrand Andreas , Höhler Julia 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der ökonomischen Literatur wird geäußert, dass die Organisationsform einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Produktqualität ausübt. Zahlreiche empirische Befunde geben Hinweise darauf, dass dies auch in der Weinwirtschaft zutreffen kann. Genossenschaften schneiden oft schlechter ab. Theoretische Ergebnisse fehlen jedoch. Wir zeigen, wie ein theoretisches Modell zur Erklärung des negativen Organisationseffekts auf die Qualität von Genossenschaftswein aussehen kann.
Harnack, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, and the First World War
Authors: Kinzig Wolfram 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer Aufsatz geht von Adolf von Harnacks Unterschrift unter den “Aufruf an die Kulturwelt” vom 4. Oktober 1914 aus und beleuchtet seine Haltung zum Ersten Weltkrieg in den Jahren 1914/1915. Dabei deuten zwei bisher in ihrer Gesamtheit unpublizierte Briefe des Theologen an den politischen Publizisten und “Rassetheoretiker” Houston Stewart Chamberlain einerseits sowie an Kaiser Wilhelm II. andererseits darauf hin, dass Harnacks anfängliche Kriegsbegeisterung nicht allein durch das “Augusterlebnis” zu erklären ist, sondern in seinem politischen Denken zu Kriegsbeginn verwurzelt ist. Eine vergleichende Darstellung dieses Denkens bei Chamberlain und Harnack lässt strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten erkennen, die erklären können, wieso der Kirchenhistoriker sich in dieser Zeit von den Pamphleten des Bayreuther Publizisten so angezogen fühlte, dass er sie dem Kaiser zur Lektüre empfahl. Dabei wird auch deutlich, dass sich Harnack zeitweise völkischem Denken annäherte. Eine Edition der beiden Briefe schließt den Aufsatz ab.
Kompromi sebagai Kunci Budaya Demokrasi
Authors: Novarlia Irena 
Published: March 2016

This article aims to examine the compromise as a key democratic culture. When, tolerance and freedom excluded from the mechanism of the social system, not only makes the further democratic culture of social authority, but social change will be very few are friendly and do not give hope for avoiding conflict. Compromise is the best way and elegant in resolving differences in the interests of democratic culture because it upholds equality, maintaining the balance between rights and obligations, cultivate the attitude of prudence and justice, familiarize consensus in decision making as well as promoting unity and national unity. Compromise as a key democratic culture is an expression of political intelligence without the interests of the group to achieve stability. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2820
Notes on Cretaceous amber Braconidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions of two new genera
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: March 2016

A new genus and species of basal cyclostome Braconidae is described and figured from a male preserved in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. <strong><em>Rhetinorhyssalus morticinus</em></strong> Engel, new genus and species, is interesting for its combination of primitive features such as a minute apical costal cell and anal stubs in the forewing, while lacking 2Cu in the hind wing, a putatively derived trait. As such, the genus may represent a lineage diverging from the braconid stem subsequent to many protorhyssalines, while remaining basal relative to generalized cyclostome groups such as Rhyssalinae. In addition, the Late Cretaceous <em>Diospilus allani</em> Brues, in Campanian Canadian amber, is transferred to <strong><em>Diorhyssalus</em></strong> Engel, new genus, and its similarity to <em>Rhetinorhyssalus</em> is discussed. This transfer results in the new combination, <em>Diorhyssalus allani</em> (Brues). Both genera are tentatively considered as subfamily <em>incertae sedis</em>.
The Interpretation of Istighotsah Tradition Post Ndoro Purbo’s Grave Destruction in Yogyakarta
Authors: Budi Yuwono Dandung 
Published: March 2016

<p>Yogyakarta is known as a tolerans society, suddenly shocked by an incidence of the<br />destruction of the Ndoro Purbo’s grave, the 6th Sultan Hamengku Buwono’s grandchild, by irresponsible persons. In response to this incidence, a Nahdliyin (NU) community in Yogyakarta performs sacred rituals called an ‘istighotsah’. This is a qualitative research (case study) that aims to answer three problems: (1) how does NU in Yogyakarta look at the figure of Ndoro Purbo? (2) How do they interpret the acts of Ndoro Purbo’s grave destruction? And (3) Why does NU Yogyakarta perform a ritual ‘istighotsah’, and how do they interpret ‘istighotsah’? This study aims to explain the interpretation of NU members on the acts of Ndoro Purbo’s grave destruction, to understand the reasons of NU do ‘istighotsah’, and to<br />find the meaning of ‘istighotsah’ for NU members. Data was collected through observation, participant observation and in-depth interviews, while the interpretive data analysis is done using emic and ethical perspective. The study’s findings indicate that Ndoro Purbo was imaged as a figure of saint and known as a person with supernatural power. The Ndoro Purbo’s grave destruction was considered as a form of rudeness to the Javanese value, which is interpreted as violation of the Islamic values and a game of symbol, and it was considered as an act of wrongdoers. To fight such injustice among the NU members, they perform ritual<br />‘istighotsah’ as an expression of a protest to God and a form of spiritual resistance during the difficult situation in facing disobedient or ‘visible sin’.</p>
Advancing Scholarship, Team Building, And Collaboration In A Hybrid Doctoral Program In Educational Leadership
Authors: Holmes Barbara , Trimble Meridee , Morrison-Danner Dietrich 
Published: March 2016

Hybrid programs are changing the landscape of doctoral programs at American universities and colleges. The increased demand for hybrid doctoral programs, particularly for educational and career advancement, serves as an innovative way to increase scholarship, advance service, and promote leadership. Hybrid programs serve as excellent venues for advancing scholarship, collaboration, and team building and provide doctoral candidates with increased opportunities to engage professional peers, course material, and program resources. These opportunities lead to greater team engagement and enhanced opportunities for scholarly collaboration. Faculty mentors in hybrid programs lead rising scholars in the research and socialization process of higher education academic and social networks.
Freshman Linked Cohort Classes In The Study Of Business: A Comparative Analysis Of Performance And Completion Of The Lower Division Core
Authors: Levine Mark F. , Guy Paul W. 
Published: March 2016

The paper presents the results of a study designed to measure the efficacy of using cohort linked freshmen courses in preparing students for the study of business. Specifically, an experimental group of students were enrolled in three linked freshmen courses each oriented toward global business: 1) freshmen composition, 2) small group communications, and 3) introduction to global business. The control group of students was enrolled in the introduction to global business course. However, they independently enrolled in any other non-business focused freshmen courses to fill out their schedules.
Measurement Of Quality Attributes In Accounting Education Programs: Perceptions Of Certified Public Accountants
Authors: Brubaker Thomas F. 
Published: March 2016

Higher education institutions must address quality issues relating to diverse user needs. Students, their families, employers, governing boards and society in general are all interested in maintaining and improving the quality of higher education. Specific attributes of quality in higher education are difficult to define, and may vary according to the needs of user groups. This study examines quality attributes of educational programs from the perspective of one particular user group: certified public accountants (CPAs).
Designing A Graduate Curriculum: Use Of Credentials To Enhance Student Portfolios
Authors: Overton Rosilyn H. 
Published: March 2016

Designing a graduate curriculum that meets the needs of the student not planning to pursue an academic career is challenging. Students want a recognized degree that nonetheless delivers content immediately relevant to their career tasks and credible to their employers. Innovative programs with career content are in high demand, but in the process of innovation standards of scholarship, critical thinking and knowledge must be upheld. This paper describes how teaching and learning concepts and principles were used to combine demands of career and scholarship into an innovative graduate program. The environmental scan leading to this design predicated a design that uses national professional credentials as one method of assessment. The curriculum provides students with portfolios validating their work during and at the end of a Master of Science program. Instead of a thesis, students create a capstone project combining scholarship with an employer-ready portfolio. Suggestions are made concerning the transfer of the methodology to practically any discipline.
Implementing Curricula To Meet The Needs Of Financial Professionals
Authors: French G. Richard , Coppage Richard E. 
Published: March 2016

Major changes in the financial profession warrant assessment of current practices and strategic planning for the future education of such professionals. This article discusses the core competencies, obtained from numerous studies, of accounting and finance professionals. After common core competencies are identified for the both accounting and finance professions, the need for change in accounting and finance curricula are discussed. Next, a combined undergraduate curriculum for both the accounting and finance students, which incorporates the common core competencies, is proposed. Finally, the authors issue a call for further research.
Accounting Ethics Education: An Interactive Approach
Authors: White Gwendolen B. 
Published: March 2016

An interactive and technological approach was used to discuss ethics with accounting students. Students responded anonymously to ethics questions using wireless transmitters. The students’ responses were shown to the group. A customized DVD of movie scenes from “The Producers” and “Wall Street” and a still picture of Enron’s Code of Ethics were used to engage students in discussion. The procedures, the technology, and the benefits of the approach are presented.
Converting Faculty Performance Evaluations Into Merit Raises: A Spreadsheet Model
Authors: Davis Elizabeth B. , Rose John T. 
Published: March 2016

One of the most important, yet difficult tasks of any academic department chairperson is to evaluate the annual performance of individual faculty members and then to convert the array of performance evaluations into a structure of merit raises. Building on previous literature, this paper presents a spreadsheet model to convert qualitative performance evaluations into merit raises subject to 1) a limited pool of funds for salary adjustments and 2) a requirement that the relative structure of percentage raises match the relative structure of performance evaluations as defined by a linear evaluation scale. The contribution of the paper is its practical nature in that the proposed spreadsheet can immediately be put to use by academic chairpersons, is readily understandable by the faculty, and is useful for all institutions with various combinations of teaching, research, and service expectations for the faculty. To match the structure of raises with that of performance evaluations, qualitative evaluations in each of the three areas of faculty performance—teaching, research, and service—are first converted into numeric equivalents based on a linear evaluation key. Next, the numeric equivalents are weighted according to a weighting scheme dependent on the amount of release time provided to the faculty member for research and/or service, in order to generate an overall numeric evaluation for each faculty member. Finally, the weighted numeric evaluations are converted into percentage merit raises subject to a finite salary adjustment pool using the Goal Seek function in Microsoft Excel. The model is illustrated using a hypothetical department of ten faculty members with varying teaching loads and thus different amounts of release time for research and/or service.
Adult Learning, Assessment, And The Extraordinary Teacher
Authors: Mujtaba Bahaudin , Preziosi Robert , Mujtaba Lisa 
Published: March 2016

The enclosed literature focuses on delivering content through learner participation while increasing learning using creative modalities and participants’ dominant learning styles without increasing administrative cost to the school. Personal experiences of about 40 years in corporate executive and training as well as best practices gleaned from several different universities (graduate / undergraduate business programs using cutting edge technologies) are discussed and highlighted. Learner participation and interaction are critical to effective “experiential facilitation techniques” that increase learning and retention with adult participants. A major element of being or becoming effective educators involves understanding how students learn best and then integrating activities that best suit learning styles regardless of teaching modality. Compared to children and teens, adults need to be involved in the learning process.
Interpreting The Learning Styles Of Traditional And Distance Learning Students
Authors: Schultz Marian C. , Schultz James T. 
Published: March 2016

The emergence of telecommunication technologies has generated innovative strategies resulting in online education competing for student enrollment. Learning is no longer restricted by space and time, and has become more reliant on empowerment rather than confinement. This study sought to determine if the use of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) could be used to determine which learning style(s) best reflect the traditional learner, and which are representative of the distance learning student. The study placed respondents into one of four styles, depending on how they responded to the Inventory: Diverger, Assimilator, Accommodator, and Converger. The study then compared responses within and between the groups to test for significance. It found that while there was significance between all of the groups except the Accommodator/Converger, the only group which had significance within was the group with the Assimilator style.
Incorporating Writing Into An Introductory Business And Economics Statistics Course: A Practical Approach
Authors: Goenner Cullen F. , Snaith Sean Michael 
Published: March 2016

Writing across the curriculum (WAC) has become a guiding principle at many institutions of higher education. Unfortunately for many students of economics and business the standard vehicles of WAC do not adequately prepare them for the type of writing appropriate for the audience they are expected to address upon graduation. We describe a method of implementing writing into the introductory statistics courses that are required by many programs in economics and business. This method addresses the shortcomings of the standard vehicles of WAC while at the same time providing instructors with a feasible solution to do so in light of the multiple constraints faced by many instructors of this type of course. (JEL A22)
Advances In Teaching The Time Value Of Money
Authors: Jalbert Terrance , Jalbert Mercedes , Chan Canri 
Published: March 2016

Students frequently experience difficulty in identifying the appropriate time value of money (TVM) technique to apply to a TVM problem. This paper offers a modification of a recently published TVM technique developed by Jalbert (2002) in order to help students understand and solve TVM problems. The modified technique developed here simplifies the previously developed technique by reducing the number of questions that students must examine to arrive at the appropriate TVM technique for a problem. In addition, the technique developed here eliminates the need for students to learn annuity techniques altogether. As such, the technique developed here specifically intends to meet the needs of students who experience difficulty in understanding annuities. Modified visual aids are provided to assist students in selecting correct techniques. By using these techniques, students will find it much easier to identify appropriate TVM techniques.