bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐risk inferior myocardial infarction: Can speckle tracking predict proximal right coronary lesions?
Authors: Roshdy Hisham Samir , El‐Dosouky Ibtesam Ibrahim , Soliman Mohammad Hassan 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundIt is important to diagnose right ventricular (RV) infarction in the setting of acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of RV infarction and identify a high‐risk subset of inferior MI patients with proximal RCA lesions.HypothesisWe tried to find the link between speckle tracking and coronaries in high risk inferior infarctionMethodsThis study included 68 patients within 24 hours of first acute inferior MI. Group 1 (n = 49) isolated inferior MI; group 2 (n = 19) inferior and RV MI. echocardiography for RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS), RV fractional area change (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV myocardial performance index (MPI) and peak systolic velocity (S′).ResultsGroup 2 had higher MPI by tissue Doppler and 2D‐RV average FWLS, whereas RV FAC, S′, and TAPSE were lower (P < 0.001). In group 1, 14.4% had a significant proximal RCA lesion with impaired RV function. RV average FWLS at a cutoff value ≥ − 19.7% can predict proximal RCA culprit lesion with 91.7% sensitivity and 70.5% specificity, which was detected as an independent predictor in multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio: 37.75, P = 0.036).Conclusions2D RV average FWLS at a cutoff of ≥ − 19.7% is a useful added tool for diagnosis of RV involvement and an independent predictor to rule in proximal RCA culprit lesion in inferior‐wall MI patients in the emergency department.
Comparative Pharmacological Study of Common NMDA Receptor Open Channel Blockers Regarding Their Affinity and Functional Activity toward GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA Receptors
Authors: Temme Louisa , Schepmann Dirk , Schreiber Julian A. , Frehland Bastian , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBecause only a few studies have investigated the affinity and functional activity of NMDA receptor open channel blockers under the same assay conditions, a comparative study of common open channel blockers is of major interest. The pharmacological activities of MK‐801, phencyclidine (PCP), dexoxadrol, etoxadrol, (S)‐ and (R)‐ketamine, dextromethorphan, memantine, and amantadine were analyzed under uniform assay conditions. Affinity toward the PCP and ifenprodil binding sites was recorded in radioligand binding assays. GluN2A and GluN2B subtype‐specific cytoprotective activity was determined in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The data were correlated with published IC50 values obtained in two‐electrode voltage clamp experiments. A high correlation was found between PCP affinity, ion flux inhibition, and cytoprotective activity. The channel blockers were classified into four groups showing high, moderate, low, and very low potency. Some of the open channel blockers display unexpected subtype selectivity. The comparative study allows the characterization of open channel blockers from their receptor ligand interaction via inhibition of ion flux up to overall cytoprotective activity. The subtype preference of some open channel blockers will stimulate the development of novel subtype‐selective open channel blockers with decreased side effect potential.
Photodetectors Based on SnS2/Graphene Heterostructure on Rigid and Flexible Substrates
Authors: Chen Xinhang , Huang Zongyu , Ren Xiaohui , Xu Guanghua , Zhou Jie , Tao Yue , Qi Xiang , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets have attracted tremendous attention owing to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. However, practical photodetector applications based on SnS2 are usually limited by low responsiveness and fast electron‐hole recombination. Fortunately, graphene exhibits attractive potential for optoelectronic owing to its intrinsic high carrier mobility conductivity, large surface area, and mechanical flexibility. Herein, we have prepared SnS2/graphene heterostructures by a facile hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared SnS2/graphene heterostructures are used to fabricate photodetectors on both SiO2/Si and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, and the performances of the photodetectors have been investigated under wavelengths ranging from 365 to 577 nm. The results show that as‐fabricated photodetector on SiO2/Si substrate has achieved excellent stability; meanwhile, the photocurrent densities of SnS2/graphene on PET substrate are not influenced by the external bending representing an excellent mechanical stress stability. All of the experimental results propose that the SnS2/graphene heterostructures possess great potential in light detection.
Trapping One Electron between Three Beryllium Atoms: Very Strong One‐Electron Three‐Center Bonds
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Elguero José , Yáñez Manuel , Mó Otilia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ability of a set of beryllium‐substituted cyclohexane derivatives to trap electrons was determined by evaluating their electron affinities at the G4(MP2) level of theory. The nature of bonding and the effect of the different substituents attached to beryllium were studied by different computational methods (quantum theory of atoms in molecules, electron localization function, natural bond orbital, and analysis of the spin density), revealing the existence of a one‐electron/Be3cyclic bonding in trisubstituted species. This peculiar bond is the key for the high electron affinity values found in the tri‐BeX derivatives (X=F, Cl, CN), such as the triberyllium cyano derivatives of cyclohexane, reaching values of 294 kJ mol−1, only marginally smaller than the values reported for tetracyanoethylene (305 kJ mol−1) and for some fullerenes (306 kJ mol−1).
CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Fluorescent Tagging of Endogenous Proteins in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Sharma Arun , Toepfer Christopher N. , Ward Tarsha , Wasson Lauren , Agarwal Radhika , Conner David A. , Hu Johnny H. , Seidman Christine E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be used to mass produce surrogates of human tissues, enabling new advances in drug screening, disease modeling, and cell therapy. Recent developments in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing technology use homology‐directed repair (HDR) to efficiently generate custom hiPSC lines harboring a variety of genomic insertions and deletions. Thus, hiPSCs that encode an endogenous protein fused to a fluorescent reporter protein can be rapidly created by employing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, enhancing HDR efficiency and optimizing homology arm length. These fluorescently tagged hiPSCs can be used to visualize protein function and dynamics in real time as cells proliferate and differentiate. Given that nearly any intracellular protein can be fluorescently tagged, this system serves as a powerful tool to facilitate new discoveries across many biological disciplines. In this unit, we present protocols for the design, generation, and monoclonal expansion of genetically customized hiPSCs encoding fluorescently tagged endogenous proteins. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth, Characterization and Conductivity of Chromium Mixed Cadmium Oxalate Crystals
Authors: Ponnappa Nagaraja , Nettar Jagannatha , Mylnahalli Hema , D'Souza Delma , Neratur Lokanath 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChromium mixed cadmium oxalate (CMCO) [Cr:Cd (C2O4).3H2O] crystals are grown by gel diffusion method using silica hydro gel as growth media at ambient temperature. The optimum condition for growth is established by varying the parameters such as specific gravity, pH, gel aging, concentration of reactants and ratio of mixture to . Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the existence of and ions in the crystal lattice of CMCO. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) reveal that, the CMCO are thermally stable up to 950 °C, which confirms the presence of three water molecules in the crystal lattice of CMCO. FT‐IR spectrum exhibits the presence of OH, carboxyl group and metal‐oxygen bonding. In this study, the occupation of vacancies of ions by cations in the lattice of mixed cadmium oxalate crystals without altering the morphology of the parent crystal is confirmed.
Crystallization of Ammonium Persulfate in the Presence of an Additive: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies
Authors: Li Da , Qi Tao , Gao Yiying 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBinding energy effects have been considered the main cause behind additives hindering crystal growth. In this study, the effects of the diffusion coefficient between the additive and the crystal surface is further investigated. The influence of the additive sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on the morphology of ammonium persulfate (APS) crystals is investigated in both experimental procedures and molecular dynamics simulation studies. It is observed that the growth of (10‐2) surface is more significantly inhibited by the addition of SDBS than is the formation of (11‐1) surface, which contributes to an elongated morphology of the APS crystal. The mechanisms of this effect are examined by performing a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The interaction energy and the diffusion coefficient during crystal growth are calculated.
The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Ziv Noga , Mustain William E. , Dekel Dario R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past 10 years, there has been a surge of interest in anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) as a potentially lower cost alternative to proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Recent work has shown that AEMFCs achieve nearly identical performance to that of state‐of‐the‐art PEMFCs; however, much of that data has been collected while feeding CO2‐free air or pure oxygen to the cathode. Usually, removing CO2from the oxidant is done to avoid the detrimental effect of CO2on AEMFC performance, through carbonation, whereby CO2reacts with the OH−anions to form HCO3−and CO32−. In spite of the crucial importance of this topic for the future development and commercialization of AEMFCs, unfortunately there have been very few investigations devoted to this phenomenon and its effects. Much of the data available is widely spread out and there currently does not exist a resource that researchers in the field, or those looking to enter the field, can use as a reference text that explains the complex influence of CO2and HCO3−/CO32−on all aspects of AEMFC performance. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the experimental and theoretical work reported to date on the effect of ambient CO2on AEMFCs. This systematic Review aims to create a single comprehensive account of what is known regarding how CO2behaves in AEMFCs, to date, as well as identify the most important areas for future work in this field.
High Capacitive Storage Performance of Sulfur and Nitrogen Codoped Mesoporous Graphene
Authors: Ma Xinlong , Gao Daowei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMesoporous graphene is synthesized based on the chemical vapor deposition methodology by using heavy MgO flakes as substrates in a fluidized‐bed reactor. Subsequently, sulfur and nitrogen coincorporation into graphene frameworks is realized by the reaction between carbon atoms and thiourea molecules. The as‐obtained sulfur and nitrogen codoped mesoporous graphene (SNMG) exhibits remarkable capacitive energy‐storage behavior, as a result of well‐developed pore channels, in terms of that in a symmetric supercapacitor and lithium‐ion hybrid capacitor (LIHC). The ultrahigh durability of the SNMG/SNMG symmetric supercapacitor is demonstrated by long‐term cycling, for which no capacitance decay is found after 20 000 cycles. A LIHC constructed from commercial Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as the anode and SNMG as the cathode is capable of delivering much enhanced lithium‐storage ability and better rate capability than that of activated carbon (AC)/LTO LIHC. Moreover, SNMG/LTO LIHC exhibits maximum energy and power densities of 86.2 Wh kg−1 and 7443 W kg−1 and maintains 87 % capacitance retention after 2000 cycles.
A novel model for implicit cooperation between primary users and secondary users in cognitive radio‐cooperative communication systems
Authors: Ghanem Montajab , Sabaei Masoud , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: January 2018

SummaryRecently, cooperative communications are used to improve the communications performance in cognitive radio networks. In this paper, we present a new model for implicit cooperation between primary users and secondary users (SUs), where SUs transparently relay packets of primary transmitters (PTs) towards their primary receivers encouraging PTs to reduce their transmit power, which in turn will reduce the total interference at some intended secondary receivers (SRs). Secondary relays work as full‐duplex amplify‐and‐forward (AF) cooperative nodes. The system is modeled as a multi‐armed restless bandit problem where the optimal policy for joint relay selection and transmit power allocation is obtained in a distributed way taking both instantaneous channel states and residual energy into consideration. We solve the problem using primal‐dual priority‐index heuristic, which can reduce the online computations and implementation complexity. Simulation results show that this model can benefit both sides where the energy consumption at PTs is reduced significantly and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the intended SUs is increased about 50% in average.
Association between sociodemographic determinants and health outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Sweden
Authors: Julin Bettina , Willers Carl , Leksell Janeth , Lindgren Peter , Looström Muth Karin , Svensson Ann‐Marie , Lilja Mikael , Dahlström Tobias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent multifactorial treatment is needed to reduce consequent risks of diabetes, yet most studies investigating the relationship between sociodemographic factors and health outcomes have focused on only one risk factor at a time. Swedish health care is mainly tax‐funded, thus providing an environment that should facilitate equal health outcomes in patients, independent of background, socioeconomic status, or health profile. This study aimed at investigating the association between several sociodemographic factors and diabetes‐related health outcomes represented by HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, predicted 5‐year risk of cardiovascular disease, and statin use.MethodsThis large retrospective registry study was based on patient‐level data from individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during 2010 to 2011 (n = 416,228) in any of 7 Swedish regions (~65% of the Swedish population). Health equity in diabetes care analysed through multivariate regression analyses on intermediary outcomes (HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and low‐density lipoprotein), predicted 5‐year risk of cardiovascular disease and process (i.e., statin use) after 1‐year follow‐up, adjusting for several sociodemographic factors.ResultsWe observed differences in intermediary risk measures, predicted 5‐year risk of cardiovascular disease, and process dependent on place of birth, sex, age, education, and social setting, despite Sweden's articulated vision of equal health care.ConclusionsDiabetes patients' health was associated with sociodemographic prerequisites. Furthermore, in addition to demographics (age and sex) and disease history, educational level, marital status, and region of birth are important factors to consider when benchmarking health outcomes, e.g., average HbA1c level, and evaluating the level of health equity between organizational units or between different administrative regions.
Media Smart‐Targeted: Diagnostic outcomes from a two‐country pragmatic online eating disorder risk reduction trial for young adults
Authors: Wilksch Simon M. , O'Shea Anne , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic outcomes in eating disorder (ED) risk reduction trials are important but rarely reported.MethodsAn online pragmatic randomized‐controlled trial was conducted with young‐adult women in Australia and New Zealand seeking to improve their body image. Media Smart‐Targeted (MS‐T) was a 9‐module program released weekly while control participants received tips for positive body image. Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) scores from baseline and 12‐month follow‐up were used to investigate two outcomes: ED onset in those who were asymptomatic at baseline (prevention effects); and, ED remission in those who met diagnosis at baseline (treatment effects).ResultsMS‐T participants were 66% less likely than controls to develop an ED by 12‐month follow‐up (nonsignificant). MS‐T participants who met ED criteria at baseline were 75% less likely than controls to still meet diagnostic criteria at follow‐up. This effect was significant and remained so for both those who did and who did not access external face‐to‐face ED treatment during the trial.ConclusionsWhile further investigations are necessary, MS‐T has fully automated procedures, low implementation costs, the potential to be delivered at‐scale to assist those assist those where face‐to‐face services are limited or not available (e.g., remote areas).
Low rates of hybridization between European wildcats and domestic cats in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Steyer Katharina , Tiesmeyer Annika , Muñoz‐Fuentes Violeta , Nowak Carsten 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHybridization between wild species and their domestic congeners is considered a major threat for wildlife conservation. Genetic integrity of the European wildcat, for instance, is a concern as they are outnumbered by domestic cats by several orders of magnitude throughout its range. We genotyped 1,071 individual wildcat samples obtained from hair traps and roadkills collected across the highly fragmented forests of western Central Europe, in Germany and Luxembourg, to assess domestic cat introgression in wildcats in human‐dominated landscapes. Analyses using a panel of 75 autosomalSNPs suggested a low hybridization rate, with 3.5% of wildcat individuals being categorized as F1, F2, or backcrosses to either parental taxon. We report that results based on a set of SNPs were more consistent than on a set of 14 microsatellite markers, showed higher accuracy to detect hybrids and their class in simulation analyses, and were less affected by underlying population structure. Our results strongly suggest that very high hybridization rates previously reported for Central Europe may be partly due to inadequate choice of markers and/or sampling design. Our study documents that an adequately selectedSNPpanel for hybrid detection may be used as an alternative to commonly applied microsatellite markers, including studies relying on noninvasively collected samples. In addition, our finding of overall low hybridization rates in Central European wildcats provides an example of successful wildlife coexistence in human‐dominated, fragmented landscapes.
Implicit assumptions of conceptual diagrams in environmental science and best practices for their illustration
Authors: Fandel Chloé A. , Breshears David D. , McMahon Ellen E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the earth and environmental sciences, many fundamental processes are explained through conceptual illustrations—a powerful medium for scientific communication. The processes depicted are generally highly complex, spatially and temporally variable, subject to high degrees of uncertainty, and non‐linearly impacted by anthropogenic actions. Conceptual illustrations necessarily simplify these processes, but also often suffer from a preventable lack of visual clarity, and/or are based on implicit assumptions that are mismatched to key conclusions in published literature. In this Innovative Viewpoint paper, we highlight considerations of conceptual and visual clarity relevant to illustrations in earth and environmental sciences. Using the water cycle as an example, we examine a range of conceptual illustrations of this process to assess what ideas they convey. An exploratory survey of 32 water cycle diagrams shows that they tend to depict generalized, well‐defined processes. Anthropogenic influences are included and/or implied in only half the diagrams, and none depict uncertainty in any form. The concept of the water cycle conveyed by these diagrams is therefore not quite the same as the concept of the water cycle as understood by hydrologists. This mismatch may negatively impact decision‐making related to water resources management, because the parties involved may unknowingly hold significantly different conceptual models of the processes at work. Other concepts in the earth and environmental sciences may be susceptible to similar issues. Our analysis highlights the importance of carefully assessing the assumptions and simplifying choices inherent in the process of translating a concept into an illustration. We conclude with an example of how these issues can be remedied by presenting a modified water cycle diagram designed to address common misconceptions associated with dryland systems, account for uncertainty in fluxes, and include key anthropogenic effects. A general list of best practices, many of which were used to develop this diagram, is included to help increase awareness among environmental researchers of strategies for increasing the conceptual and visual clarity of illustrations.
Missing forest cover gains in boreal forests explained
Authors: Guindon Luc , Bernier Pierre , Gauthier Sylvie , Stinson Graham , Villemaire Philippe , Beaudoin André 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA recent global study reported a net difference between areas of forest cover loss and of forest cover gain of about 3.6% of total forest area across the boreal biome, and of 5.6% for Canada, over a 12‐yr period. Net losses of this magnitude should be of concern given the importance of this biome in global biogeochemical cycles linked to climate change. Our analysis for Canada fails to support these results and suggests that post‐harvest recovery of tree cover is generally strong, while post‐fire recovery of tree cover is weaker but nevertheless prevalent. We find that current large area remote sensing methodologies can fail to properly recognize post‐disturbance recovery from non‐forest to forest status in low‐productivity boreal forests when using short time series. With climate change and human impacts intensifying around the world, it is urgently important to be able to reliably distinguish temporary forest cover loss followed by naturally slow recovery from forest decline requiring policy action. The analysis was in large part based on the new Canada Landsat Disturbance product in which fires and harvest since 1984 are mapped at 30‐m resolution (https://doi.org/10.23687/add1346b-f632-4eb9-a83d-a662b38655ad).