bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation supply and the repeatability of selection for antibiotic resistance
Authors: van Dijk Thomas , Hwang Sungmin , Krug Joachim , de Visser J. Arjan G.M. , Zwart Mark P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhether evolution can be predicted is a key question in evolutionary biology. Here we set out to better understand the repeatability of evolution, which is a necessary condition for predictability. We explored experimentally the effect of mutation supply and the strength of selective pressure on the repeatability of selection from standing genetic variation. Different sizes of mutant libraries of an antibiotic resistance gene, TEM-1 β-lactamase inEscherichia coli,were subjected to different antibiotic concentrations. We determined whether populations went extinct or survived, and sequenced the TEM gene of the surviving populations. The distribution of mutations per allele in our mutant libraries—generated by error-prone PCR—followed a Poisson distribution. Extinction patterns could be explained by a simple stochastic model that assumed the sampling of beneficial mutations was key for survival. In most surviving populations, alleles containing at least one known large-effect beneficial mutation were present. These genotype data also support a model which only invokes sampling effects to describe the occurrence of alleles containing large-effect driver mutations. Hence, evolution is largely predictable given cursory knowledge of mutational fitness effects, the mutation rate and population size. There were no clear trends in the repeatability of selected mutants when we considered all mutations present. However, when only known large-effect mutations were considered, the outcome of selection is less repeatable for large libraries, in contrast to expectations. Furthermore, we show experimentally that alleles carrying multiple mutations selected from large libraries confer higher resistance levels relative to alleles with only a known large-effect mutation, suggesting that the scarcity of high-resistance alleles carrying multiple mutations may contribute to the decrease in repeatability at large library sizes.
MultiDCoX: Multi-factor Analysis of Differential Coexpression
Authors: Liany Herty , Rajapakse Jagath C. , Karuturi R. Krishna Murthy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDifferential co-expression signifies change in degree of co-expression of a set of genes among different biological conditions. It has been used to identify differential co-expression networks or interactomes. Many algorithms have been developed for single-factor differential co-expression analysis and applied in a variety of studies. However, in many studies, the samples are characterized by multiple factors such as genetic markers, clinical variables and treatments. No algorithm or methodology is available for multi-factor analysis of differential co-expression.ResultsWe developed a novel formulation and a computationally efficient greedy search algorithm called MultiDCoX to perform multi-factor differential co-expression analysis of transcriptomic data. Simulated data analysis demonstrates that the algorithm can effectively elicit differentially co-expressed (DCX) gene sets and quantify the influence of each factor on co-expression. MultiDCoX analysis of a breast cancer dataset identified interesting biologically meaningful differentially coexpressed (DCX) gene sets along with genetic and clinical factors that influenced the respective differential co-expression.ConclusionsMultiDCoX is a space and time efficient procedure to identify differentially co-expressed gene sets and successfully identify influence of individual factors on differential co-expression.SoftwareR function will be available upon request.
Fast time-delay measurement for integrated pulsar pulse profiles
Authors: Kang Zhiwei , He Xin , Liu Jin , Tao Tianyuan 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe authors proposed a new method of fast time delay measurement for integrated pulsar pulse profiles in X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XNAV). As a basic observation of exact orientation in XNAV, time of arrival (TOA) can be obtained by time delay measurement of integrated pulsar pulse profiles. Therefore, the main purpose of the paper is to establish a method with fast time delay measurement on the condition of limited spacecraft’s computing resources.Design/methodology/approachGiven that the third-order cumulants can suppress the Gaussian noise and reduce calculation to achieve precise and fast positioning in XNAV, the proposed method sets the third-order auto-cumulants of standard pulse profile, the third-order cross-cumulants of the standard and the observed pulse profile as basic variables and uses the cross-correlation function of these two variables to estimate the time delay of integrated pulsar pulse profiles.FindingsThe proposed method is simple, fast and has high accuracy in time delay measurement for integrated pulsar pulse profiles. The result shows that compared to the bispectrum algorithm, the method improves the precision of the time delay measurement and reduced the computation time significantly as well.Practical implicationsTo improve the performance of time delay estimation in XNAV systems, the authors proposed a novel method for XNAV to achieve precise and fast positioning.Originality/valueCompared to the bispectrum algorithm, the proposed method can improve the speed and precision of the TOA’s calculation effectively by using the cross-correlation function of integrated pulsar pulse profile’s third-order cumulants instead of Fourier transform in bispectrum algorithm.
Application of harmonic balance method to aerodynamic characteristics prediction of spinning vehicle
Authors: Lu Tianyu , Lei Juanmian , Wu Xiaosheng , Yin Jintao 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of the harmonic balance method for predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of rigid finned spinning vehicle.

Design/methodology/approach
The aerodynamic characteristics of a rigid four-finned spinning vehicle at Mach number 2.5 and angle of attack of 20 degrees are simulated using the harmonic balance method and the unsteady time-accurate approach based on the dual-time method. The numerical results are analyzed, and the computed aerodynamic coefficients of the harmonic balance method are compared with those of the dual-time method. The influence of the number of harmonics is presented. The computed Magnus force and moment coefficients are compared with the experimental data. The flow fields at different roll angles are presented. The computational efficiency of harmonic balance method is analyzed.

Findings
The results show that the aerodynamic coefficients of spinning vehicle could be predicted by the harmonic balance method with reasonable accuracy compared with the dual-time method. For the harmonic balance method, the accuracy of the computed leeward side flow is relatively poor compared with that of the computed windward side flow. Meanwhile, the computational efficiency is influenced by initial guess and the intensity of unsteady effect.

Practical implications
The harmonic balance method could be used for the aerodynamic prediction of spinning vehicle, which may improve the efficiency of vehicle design.

Originality/value
This paper presents the results of the harmonic balance method for simulating the aerodynamic characteristics of finned spinning vehicle. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are analyzed.
Cycle optimization of the staged combustion rocket engines
Authors: Ramesh Davood , Karimi M. Hasan , Shahheidari Massoud 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce new and modified “staged combustion” cycles in the form of engineering algorithm as a possible propulsion contender for future aerospace vehicle to achieve the highest possible “total impulse” to “mass” of propulsion system.

Design/methodology/approach
In this regard, the mathematical cycle model is formed to calculate the engine’s parameters. In addition, flow conditions (pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc). in the chamber, nozzle and turbopump are assessed based on the results of turbo machinery power balance and initial data such as thrust, propellant mixture ratio and specifications. The developed code has been written in the modern, object-oriented C++ programming language.

Findings
The results of the developed code are compared with the Russian RD180 engine which demonstrates the superiority and capability of new “thermodynamic diagrams”.

Research limitations/implications
This algorithm is under constraint to control the critical variation of combustion pressure, turbine rpm, pump cavitation and turbine temperature. It is imperative to emphasize that this paper is limited to “oxidizer-rich staged combustion” engines with “single pre-burner”.

Originality/value
This study sheds light on using fuel booster turbopump and the second-stage fuel pump to moderate the effect of cavitation on pumps which reduces tank pressure and, as a consequence, decreases the propulsion system weight.
“We’re all in this together”? The search for collective belonging in a globalised single industry town
Authors: Hurd Fiona , Dyer Suzette 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Communities of work are a phenomenon closely associated with government social and industrial policy, and can be tracked in contemporary examples globally alongside industrial development. The purpose of this paper is to explore community identity within a town which was previously single industry, but has since experienced workforce reduction and to a large degree, industry withdrawal.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an inductive approach, the researchers interviewed 32 participants who had resided (past or present) within the instrumental case study town. A thematic analytical framework, drawing on the work of Boje (2007) was employed.

Findings
A significant theme to emerge from the participants was the public assertion of social cohesion and belonging. However, what was interesting, was that beneath this unified exterior, lay accounts of multiple forms of demarcation. Drawing on Benedict Anderson’s (1983) notion of the imagined community, and Bauman’s (2001) identity in globalisation, this contradiction is conceptualised as boundary-making moments of identification and disidentification.

Research limitations/implications
This research is specific to the New Zealand context, although holds many points of interest for the wider international audience. The research provides a broad example of the layering of the collective and individual levels of identity.

Social implications
This research provides a voice to the wider individual, community and societal implications of managerial practices entwined with political decisions. This research encourages managers and educators in our business schools to seek to understand the relationship between the political, corporate, community and individual realms.

Originality/value
This research makes a significant contribution to understandings of the interconnectedness of social policy, industry, and the lived experiences of individuals. Moreover, it contributes to the broader single industry town literature, which previously has focussed on stories of decline from a North American context.
Befriending and Re-ablement Service: a better alternative in an age of austerity
Authors: McGoldrick Chris , Barrett Giles Andrew , Cook Ian 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share the findings of a research evaluation into a Befriending and Re-ablement Service (BARS) which offers a host of positive outcomes such as reduced loneliness and keeping as well as possible for a growing segment of the world’s population. The recent increase in longevity is one of humanity’s great success stories. But ageing comes at a price, and decision takers worry about the stresses and strains of an ageing society.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a literature review, this paper presents the findings of an evaluation of an alternative innovative form of support for older people, namely BARS, that has been developed on Merseyside. Semi- and unstructured interviews were carried out with stakeholders including service users and carers. A cost-benefit analysis is also reported. Finally the theoretical and policy implications of this research are explored.

Findings
Befriending and re-ablement officers is both a socially and economically cost effective means of enhancing independent living among older people, reducing loneliness and isolation that can contribute to ill health. The research shows that funding for the BARS scheme should be sustained and expanded, despite or because of the current era of cutbacks in UK and international service provision.

Originality/value
The paper highlights the value, role and importance of both befriending and re-ablement in a time of acute public and voluntary sector funding pressures. The paper is of value to a range of stakeholder groups such as older people, local and central governments and health care commissioners.
Training frontline community agency staff in dialectical behaviour therapy: building capacity to meet the mental health needs of street-involved youth
Authors: McCay Elizabeth , Carter Celina , Aiello Andria , Quesnel Susan , Howes Carol , Beanlands Heather , Langley John , MacLaurin Bruce , Hwang Steven , Cooper Linda , Lord Christina 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) training which was provided to community agency staff (N=18) implementing DBT in the community with street-involved youth.

Design/methodology/approach
Staff participated in a multi-component approach to training which consisted of webinars, online training, self-study manuals, and ongoing peer consultation. To evaluate assess the effectiveness of the training, questionnaires assessing evaluating DBT skills knowledge, behavioral anticipation and confidence, and DBT skills use, were completed at baseline, immediately post-training, four to six months post-training, and 12-16 months post-training. Additionally, the mental health outcomes for youth receiving the DBT intervention are reported to support the effectiveness of the training outcomes.

Findings
Results demonstrate that the DBT skills, knowledge, and confidence of community agency staff improved significantly from pre to post-training and that knowledge and confidence were sustained over time. Additionally, the training was clinically effective as demonstrated by the significant improvement in mental health outcomes for street-involved youth participating in the intervention.

Practical implications
Findings suggest that this evidence-based intervention can be taught to a range of staff working in community service agencies providing care to street-involved youth and that the intervention can be delivered effectively.

Originality/value
These findings help to close the knowledge-practice gap between evidence-based treatment (EBT) research and practice while promoting the implementation of EBT in the community to enhance positive youth outcomes.
A scientometric review of hotspots and emerging trends in additive manufacturing
Authors: Jin Yuran , Ji Shoufeng , Li Xin , Yu Jiangnan 
Published: March 2017

PurposeAdditive manufacturing has achieved rapid development in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to visualize the intellectual landscapes of additive manufacturing and identify the hotspots and emerging trends of additive manufacturing, which can provide references for scholars, enterprises and governments to promote the development of theory and practice in the additive manufacturing field.Design/methodology/approachScience mapping is a fast-growing interdisciplinary field originated in information science and technology. Based on this methodology, guided by a computational approach, the paper visualizes the co-occurring keywords network and co-citation references network by CiteSpaceIII software to explore the hotspots and emerging trends of additive manufacturing by the following five indicators: highly cited keywords, burst keywords, clusters, landmark references and burst references.Findings“Additive manufacturing,” “3D printing,” “3D powder printing,” “consolidation phenomena,” “microstructure,” “rapid prototyping,” etc., are the main hotspots of additive manufacturing. The trends of additive manufacturing generally consist of three stages: the fundamental concepts stage from 1995 to 2000 (“rapid prototyping,” “additive manufacturing,” etc.), the approaches and techniques applications stage from 2001 to 2010 (“stereolithography,” “scaffold,” etc.), and the emerging trends stage from 2011 to the present (“stem cell”, “selective laser,” “ti-6al-4v,” etc.). The research is most abundant in 2010 and 2012. The medical field is an important hotspot of additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing has been researched in interdiscipline.Originality/valueThe paper maps the perspective of additive manufacturing and explore the hotspots and emerging trends of additive manufacturing.
The impact of global financial market uncertainty on the risk-return relation in the stock markets of G7 countries
Authors: Loudon Geoffrey 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of global financial market uncertainty on the relation between risk and return in G7 stock markets.Design/methodology/approachMarket uncertainty is quantified using a probability-based measure derived from a regime-switching model in which the state transition probabilities are time-varying in response to leading economic indicators. Time variation in the risk return relation is estimated using a GARCH-M model.FindingsWhile the regime-switching model successfully distinguishes between crisis and normal states, there remains substantial variability through time in the level of uncertainty about which state prevails. Results show that a strong negative relation exists between this uncertainty and the reward-to-variability ratio across all G7 stock markets. This finding is qualitatively consistent at both monthly and weekly horizons.Originality/valueExtant evidence on the risk-return relation is conflicting. Most papers assume the relation is time constant. Allowing the reward-to-variability ratio to vary through time in response to return regime uncertainty increases the understanding of asset pricing. It also has important implications for asset allocation decisions by investors.
Credit ratings, relationship lending and loan market efficiency
Authors: Bauer Keldon , Esqueda Omar A. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Using the small-business loan market, this paper aims to test whether a structural shift in access to borrowers’ financial information (i.e. credit ratings) improves market efficiency, thereby improving entrepreneurs’ access to external capital.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses the National Survey of Small Business Finance in a conditional logistic regression framework to tease out the marginal propensity to grant lines of credit given the firm’s credit rating – treating both of the events, namely, line of credit and credit ratings, as endogenous variables. This methodology overcomes potential reverse causality issues.

Findings
The results show that information brokers have allowed small firms to break away from long-term monopolistic lending relationships, thus contributing to more informationally efficient markets. Small businesses benefit from better-informed lenders by having better access to capital. Also, women appear less likely to receive a line of credit even after adjusting for credit ratings.

Practical implications
This research highlights the importance of credit report awareness/monitoring by entrepreneurs, as the small-business credit rating grows rapidly. Relationship lending is not enough to reach optimal financing costs. These papers call for more regulated credit ratings industry to reduce potential moral hazards.

Originality/value
This paper tests whether bank lending relationships (soft information) still matter after accounting for credit ratings (hard information). Additionally, this study measures the extent to which information sharing by data services bureaus, a proxy for informational efficiency, has increased allocation efficiency in the small-business loan market.
Differential responses by stream and riparian biodiversity to in‐stream restoration of forestry‐impacted streams
Authors: Turunen Jarno , Aroviita Jukka , Marttila Hannu , Louhi Pauliina , Laamanen Tiina , Tolkkinen Mikko , Luhta Pirkko‐Liisa , Kløve Bjørn , Muotka Timo 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Forestry can have detrimental impacts on stream ecosystems, particularly via excessive sedimentation. A key challenge to stream management is therefore to identify the best restoration practices to mitigate the harmful impacts of fine sediments on stream biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

We studied the effects of restoration of sediment‐impacted headwater streams on the habitat structure, hydrologic retention, biodiversity (microbes, bryophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates, riparian plants) and ecosystem functions (periphyton accrual rate and leaf breakdown) by comparing four treatments: wood‐restored, boulder‐restored, impacted (by fine sediments) and near‐natural streams. The restored streams were sampled 3–7 years post‐restoration. Restoration by wooden or boulder structures aimed to reduce deposited sediments and increase channel heterogeneity and hydraulic retention.

Wooden structures were ineffective in removing fine bed sediments and did not induce positive responses in aquatic biota. Boulder additions reduced substrate limitation and thereby proved beneficial for aquatic bryophytes. Benthic macroinvertebrates were clearly impaired by sedimentation but responded weakly to restoration. Leaf‐decomposing microbes and ecosystem functions were unresponsive to restoration but neither did they differ between near‐natural and impacted streams, suggesting that they were little harmed by sedimentation.

Wood addition enhanced hydraulic retention, and riparian plant assemblages along wood‐restored streams resembled those in near‐natural streams, suggesting that increased retention re‐established a more natural flood regime. By contrast, riparian plant assemblages in boulder‐restored streams did not differ from those in impacted streams.

Synthesis and applications. Restoration improved several aspects of stream and/or riparian biodiversity, but had limited effects on ecosystem functions. Different restoration measures resulted in differing biodiversity outcomes: boulder addition was more effective at restoring in‐stream heterogeneity and aquatic biodiversity, whereas wooden structures helped restore channel hydrology and retentiveness, and, consequently, riparian vegetation. Therefore applying both measures in the restoration of forested headwater streams with naturally stony substrates enhances stream habitat variability at the watershed scale, providing the most promising scenario for biodiversity benefits in broad‐scale restoration designs. In‐stream restoration that increases hydraulic retention has impacts that extend beyond ecosystem boundaries, reinforcing the need to restore, manage and protect streams and their riparian forests in an integrated effort.