bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐megahertz quasi‐square‐wave flyback converter using eGaN FETs
Authors: Zhang Zhemin , Ngo Khai D.T. 
Published: April 2017

As the fast development of the better figure‐of‐merits gallium nitride (GaN) devices, the switching frequency of isolated flyback converter could be pushed to multi‐megahertz to evaluate the improvement of the power density. A constant frequency zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) quasi‐square‐wave (QSW) mode is applied to the 30 W flyback in telecommunication application, and a charge conservation method including capacitor non‐linearity is proposed to design the coupled inductors for soft switching over entire input and load range. Leakage inductance, eddy losses and parasitic capacitance were quantified and optimised in the design of high‐frequency PCB windings. A 98% coupling planar‐coupled inductors by utilising nickel‐zinc ferrite material with EI‐shaped core were designed by finite‐element simulation. To validate all the analysis, a 30 W flyback converter was fabricated and measured with peak efficiency of 90.6% operating at 5 MHz. The coupled inductors consumed almost 2.5% of the output power with the area of 180 mm2 occupied 30% of the power stage.
Surgical Resection of an Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: Relevance of Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Optic Canal
Authors: Hunt Patrick , DeMonte Franco , Tang Rosa , Su Shirley , Raza Shaan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) account for less than 2% of meningiomas and 1.7% of orbital tumors. Although rare, the management of these tumors is important as unilateral blindness often results in untreated cases. Radiotherapy has emerged as the preferred treatment. However, therapies for ONSMs are controversial due to the variable natural history of the disease and limitations of surgical and radiotherapy options. A 60-year-old woman presented with monocular left diminished color perception and blurred vision. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a homogenously enhancing 5-mm left optic nerve mass with evidence of nerve compression. Conservative management was advised. However, 1 month after diagnosis her visual acuity deteriorated further. Because of the small focal location of the tumor within the optic canal, surgery was considered. Given the tumor's location inferomedial to the optic nerve, an endoscopic endonasal approach to the optic canal was performed. This patient recovered fully with resolution of visual symptoms immediately following surgery. Postoperative imaging 24 hours after surgery demonstrated gross total resection of the tumor; 1 year postoperatively the patient has a normal ophthalmologic examination. This report highlights the value of endoscopic endonasal approaches in the management of select optic canal pathology, otherwise inaccessible via transcranial approaches.
The New Entity of Paranodopathies: A Target Structure with Therapeutic Consequences
Authors: Doppler Kathrin , Sommer Claudia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAutoimmune neuropathies with autoantibodies against paranodal proteins have been described in the last few years. They comprise a subgroup of inflammatory neuropathies with IgG4 autoantibodies against the paranodal proteins neurofascin-155, contactin-1 and caspr-1. Although this subtype of autoimmune neuropathy represents less than 10% of all patients diagnosed with CIDP, it is of high interest as they show a different response to treatment. Even though there are no therapeutic studies available due to the limited number of patients identified so far, all case reports published so far report an excellent response to treatment with rituximab, and in most cases no response to treatment with IVIG, the standard therapy of CIDP. The typical clinical picture of patients with autoantibodies against paranodal proteins is characterized by an acute onset of a severe predominantly motor neuropathy, often accompanied by action tremor and sensory ataxia, with demyelinating features in the nerve conduction studies but an axonal histological phenotype. The latter may be explained by the pathogenetic concept of a paranodopathy/nodopathy, a disease of the paranode/node of Ranvier.
Fenugreek, A Potent Hypoglycaemic Herb Can Cause Central Hypothyroidism Via Leptin – A Threat To Diabetes Phytotherapy
Authors: Majumdar Jayjeet , Chakraborty Pratip , Mitra Analava , Sarkar Nirmal , Sarkar Supriti 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum), a medicinal herb with potent antihyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic effects, is used to treat diabetes. This study is aimed to explore the interaction of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) and HPT (hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid) axis in context of leptin secretion which have important role in normal and type-1 diabetic subjects.
FSE (confirmed to contain trigonelline, diosgenin, 4 hydroxyisoleucine) was gavaged (0.25 gm/kg body weight/day) to normal and alloxan-induced type-1 diabetic rats for 4 weeks. Expression of hypothalamic prepro-TRH (Thyrotropin releasing hormone) mRNA, serum levels of TRH, TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone), fT3, fT4, insulin, leptin, glucose; thyroperoxidase activity and growth of thyroid gland, food intake, adiposity index were also studied
FSE significantly down regulated prepro-TRH mRNA expression; decreased serum TRH, TSH, fT3, fT4 levels, and regressed thyroid gland in FSE-fed normal and diabetic rats than those observed in normal diet-fed control and diabetic rats. FSE decreased (p<0.005–0.001) adiposity index and leptin secretion, increased food intake and body weight in all FSE-fed rats.
FSE improved insulin secretion, decreased glucose level but impaired HPT axis in diabetic rats, indicating insulin-independent central hypothyroidism. Results suggested that the dominant signal to hypothalamus suppressing HPT axis is the fall in leptin level which i resulted from decreased adiposity index following FSE feeding. Fenugreek simultaneously having hypoglycaemic and hypothyroidal actions raises questions whether it can be safely used to treat diabetes and/or hyperthyroidism as was suggested by many workers.
The Effects of Calcium, Vitamins D and K co-Supplementation on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Karamali Maryam , Ashrafi Mahnaz , Razavi Maryamalsadat , Jamilian Mehri , Akbari Maryam , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Data on the effects of calcium, vitamins D and K co-supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles among vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce.
This study was done to determine the effects of calcium, vitamins D and K co-supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS.
This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 55 vitamin D-deficient women diagnosed with PCOS aged 18–40 years old. Subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups to intake either 500 mg calcium, 200 IU vitamin D and 90 µg vitamin K supplements (n=28) or placebo (n=27) twice a day for 8 weeks.
After the 8-week intervention, compared with the placebo, joint calcium, vitamins D and K supplementation resulted in significant decreases in serum insulin concentrations (−1.9±3.5 vs. +1.8±6.6 µIU/mL, P=0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−0.4±0.7 vs. +0.4±1.4, P=0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated b cell function (−7.9±14.7 vs. +7.0±30.3, P=0.02) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. −0.008±0.03, P=0.01). In addition, significant decreases in serum triglycerides (−23.4±71.3 vs. +9.9±39.5 mg/dL, P=0.03) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (−4.7±14.3 vs. +2.0±7.9 mg/dL, P=0.03) was observed following supplementation with combined calcium, vitamins D and K compared with the placebo.
Overall, calcium, vitamins D and K co-supplementation for 8 weeks among vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS had beneficial effects on markers of insulin metabolism, serum triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels.
Enhanced Inflammation without Impairment of Insulin Signaling in the Visceral Adipose Tissue of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Animal Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Milutinović Danijela , Nikolić Marina , Veličković Nataša , Djordjevic Ana , Bursać Biljana , Nestorov Jelena , Teofilović Ana , Antić Ivana , Macut Jelica , Zidane Abdulbaset , Matić Gordana , Macut Djuro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Since abdominal obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, the aim of the study was to investigate whether visceral adipose tissue inflammation linked to abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia could lead to impaired insulin sensitivity in the animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome.Female Wistar rats were treated with nonaromatizable 5α-dihydrotestosterone pellets in order to induce reproductive and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and insulin were determined in blood plasma. Visceral adipose tissue inflammation was evaluated by the nuclear factor kappa B intracellular distribution, macrophage migration inhibitory factor protein level, as well as TNFα, IL6 and IL1β mRNA levels. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment index, and through analysis of insulin signaling pathway in the visceral adipose tissue.Dihydrotestosterone treatment led to increased body weight, abdominal obesity and elevated triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, which were accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and increase in macrophage migration inhibitory factor, IL6 and IL1β levels in the visceral adipose tissue. In parallel, insulin sensitivity was affected in 5α-dihydrotestosterone-treated animals only at the systemic and not at the level of visceral adipose tissue.The results showed that abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia in the animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome were accompanied with low-grade inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue. However, these metabolic disturbances did not result in decreased tissue insulin sensitivity.
Peripheral Immunological Cells in Pregnant Women and their Change during Diabetes
Authors: Friebe-Hoffmann Ulrike , Antony Linda , Kruessel Jan-Steffen , Pawlowski Brigitte , Hoffmann Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDuring the last decades the incidence of diabetes has dramatically increased as well as the number of pregnant diabetic women. There is still missing data regarding patterns and shifts of immune cell populations due to pregnancy with or without diabetes. The study aimed to investigate the impact of pregnancy, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on different immune cells in female. The number and proportion of CD3-, CD4-, CD8- and γδ T-cells as well as B-, NK-, NKT- and dendritic cells (DC) incl. rate of apoptosis was analyzed in peripheral blood samples from 24 non-pregnant women, 24 pregnant controls, 25 non-pregnant T1D, 18 women with GDM and 15 pregnant T1D (PT1D) women. Compared to healthy controls, healthy pregnant women had reduced numbers of lymphoid DC and γδ T-cells, while women with gestational diabetes presented with increased numbers of γδ T-cells. Pregnant women with T1D showed increased NKT cells and a decrease of NK cells compared to healthy pregnant or non-pregnant T1D women. Apoptosis of γδ T-cells in healthy pregnant women was found to be decreased in comparison to their non-pregnant controls while apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid DC was increased in pregnant T1D in comparison to non-pregnant T1D. Those results may indicate that increased complication rates during diabetic pregnancies might be due to an impaired adaptation of the immune system.
Roles of the TRAF6 and Pellino E3 ligases in MyD88 and RANKL signaling
Authors: Strickson Sam , Emmerich Christoph H. , Goh Eddy T. H. , Zhang Jiazhen , Kelsall Ian R. , Macartney Thomas , Hastie C. James , Knebel Axel , Peggie Mark , Marchesi Francesco , Arthur J. Simon C. , Cohen Philip 
Published: April 2017

Significance
TRAF6 is essential for many biological processes, including the operation of the innate immune system and bone formation. The enzymatic activity of TRAF6, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is thought to have a pivotal role in triggering these processes. In this paper, we reexamined this assumption by generating mice expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of TRAF6. The bone structure of the mice was normal and a major intracellular signaling pathway of the immune system could still be switched on. We found that other E3 ligases, Pellino1 and Pellino2, could generate the ubiquitin chains needed to switch on immune signaling in human cells expressing catalytically inactive TRAF6. Our findings identify essential roles of TRAF6 that are independent of its enzymatic activity.
Representational gestures help speakers package information for speaking
Authors: Alibali Martha W. , Yeo Amelia , Hostetter Autumn B. , Kita Sotaro 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Information Packaging Hypothesis (IPH; Kita, 2000) holds that gesture helps speakers package information into units appropriate for verbalization. When information packaging is more difficult, speakers produce more gestures. Further, manipulations of gesture can affect information packaging. The IPH can also account for gestures that are not redundant with speech; such gestures manifest speakers’ exploration of possibilities for verbalization, and they may indicate unsuccessful or incomplete packaging of perceptual or motoric information in speech. Qualitative analyses of the microgenesis of utterances illustrate how gesture plays a role in conceptualization and packaging of information. The IPH is supported by a large body of evidence and it aligns with contemporary theoretical accounts of the cognitive processes that give rise to gestures.
Function and processing of gesture in the context of language
Authors: Özyürek Aslı 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Most research focuses function of gesture independent of its link to the speech it accompanies and the coexpressive functions it has together with speech. This chapter instead approaches gesture in relation to its communicative function in relation to speech, and demonstrates how it is shaped by the linguistic encoding of a speaker’s message. Drawing on crosslinguistic research with adults and children as well as bilinguals on iconic/pointing gesture production it shows that the specific language speakers use modulates the rate and the shape of the iconic gesture production of the same events. The findings challenge the claims aiming to understand gesture’s function for “thinking only” in adults and during development.
Gestures highlight perceptual-motor representations in thinking
Authors: Hostetter Autumn B. , Boncoddo Rebecca 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Gestures are adept at expressing perceptual and motor information. In this chapter, we propose that, as representational actions, gestures both stem from and influence perceptual representations, in much the same way that action and perception more generally exist in an inextricable relationship. We review evidence that gestures emerge from perceptual-motor representations that are activated during thinking and speaking (Hostetter & Alibali, 2008). We then consider how gesture’s connection to perceptual-motor representations may play a functional role in strengthening those representations in the minds of speakers.
One function of gesture is to make new ideas
Authors: Nathan Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
I propose that gestures and actions create ideas through action-cognition transduction, whereby actions predictably induce cognitive states in a fashion reciprocal to ways that cognition drives action. The action-cognition transduction hypothesis challenges classical mentalist notions by placing cognition and action on equal footing for influencing the reciprocal system. Gestures are distinguished from non-communicative actions in their relationship to the physical task environment and to concurrent speech and thought. Through transduction, actions influence nonverbal processes such as insight, emotional state, and procedural knowledge; while gestures appear to influence both nonverbal and verbal processes, including articulation of latent ideas and inference making. Thus, one important function of gesture is that it supports generative thought processes, helping people to make new ideas.
Exploring the boundaries of gesture-speech integration during language comprehension
Authors: Kelly Spencer D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The present review explores the integrated relationship between gesture and speech during language comprehension. Taking a broad view, it presents a conceptual framework that approaches the comprehension of gesture and speech along three different dimensions: (1) components of language (semantics, pragmatics, phonetics and syntax), (2) levels of analysis (social, cognitive, and biological) and (3) timeframes of integration (online, moment-to-moment, developmental). The evidence suggests that some linguistic components (e.g., concrete semantic and pragmatic) are deeply connected to gestures, but others (e.g., abstract semantic, syntactic and phonetic) are less so. In this way, the hands help to delineate what aspects of language function as part of the body and what aspects operate independently of it.
The function of gesture in mathematical and scientific discourse in the classroom
Authors: Singer Melissa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In science and math domains that are highly abstract and complex gestures produced by both teachers and students play an important role in constructing meaning for students. Gesture facilitates the communication of newly forming, abstract ideas and in turn, enables students and teachers to engage in a discourse that will eventually lead the student to a higher level of mathematical and scientific knowledge. I will address two main functions of gesture in mathematical and scientific discourse: (1) Through imagery, gesture makes abstract concepts and phenomena concrete and perceptible, (2) Through teacher-student and peer-peer interactions in the classroom, gesture is used in the co-construction of shared representations. Future directions and implications will also be discussed.
Auxin signaling through SCFTIR1/AFBs mediates feedback regulation of IAA biosynthesis
Authors: Takato Shin , Kakei Yusuke , Mitsui Marie , Ishida Yosuke , Suzuki Masashi , Yamazaki Chiaki , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Ishii Takahiro , Nakamura Ayako , Soeno Kazuo , Shimada Yukihisa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We previously reported that exogenous application of auxin to Arabidopsis seedlings resulted in downregulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis genes in a feedback manner. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the SCFTIR1/AFB-mediated signaling pathway in feedback regulation of the indole-3-pyruvic acid-mediated auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis. Application of PEO-IAA, an inhibitor of the IAA signal transduction pathway, to wild-type seedlings resulted in increased endogenous IAA levels in roots. Endogenous IAA levels in the auxin-signaling mutants axr2-1, axr3-3, and tir1-1afb1-1afb2-1afb3-1 also increased. Furthermore, YUCCA (YUC) gene expression was repressed in response to auxin treatment, and expression of YUC7 and YUC8 increased in response to PEO-IAA treatment. YUC genes were also induced in auxin-signaling mutants but repressed in TIR1-overexpression lines. These observations suggest that the endogenous IAA levels are regulated by auxin biosynthesis in a feedback manner, and the Aux/IAA and SCFTIR1/AFB-mediated auxin-signaling pathway regulates the expression of YUC genes.
Antidepressant-like deliverables from the sea: evidence on the efficacy of three different brown seaweeds via involvement of monoaminergic system
Authors: Siddiqui Pirzada Jamal Ahmed , Khan Adnan , Uddin Nizam , Khaliq Saima , Rasheed Munawwer , Nawaz Shazia , Hanif Muhammad , Dar Ahsana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Brown seaweeds exhibit several health benefits in treating and managing wide array of ailments. In this study, the antidepressant-like effect of methaolic extracts from Sargassum swartzii (SS), Stoechospermum marginatum (SM), and Nizamuddinia zanardinii (NZ) was examined in forced swimming test (FST), in rats. Oral administration of SS, SM, and NZ extract (30–60 mg/kg) exhibited antidepressant-like activity in FST by reducing immobility time as compared to control group, without inducing significant change in ambulatory behavior in open field test. In order to evaluate the involvement of monoaminergic system, rats were pretreated with the inhibitor of brain serotonin stores p-chlorophenylalanin (PCPA), dopamine (SCH23390 and sulpiride), and adrenoceptor (prazosin and propranolol) antagonists. Rats receiving treatment for 28 days were decapitated and brains were analyzed for monoamine levels. It may be concluded that the extracts of SS, SM, and NZ produces antidepressant-like activity via modulation of brain monoaminergic system in a rat model.
Strain improvement of Lentzea sp. 7887 for higher yield per unit volume on hydroxylation of cyclosporine derivative FR901459
Authors: Yabutani Tetsuya , Tsujimoto Mami , Ohira Shunsuke , Shimizu Shiho , Nakano Hideo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A Gram-positive bacterium Lentzea sp. 7887 hydroxylates a cyclosporine derivative FR901459 into AS1837812 (9-hydroxide), which is an important intermediate of candidate drugs that target the hepatitis C virus. We screened a UV-induced mutant, named M-1, which showed about 1.2-fold higher conversion yields, 2-fold higher substrate concentrations (3.69 mM), and 2.5-fold higher yield per unit volume than the wild-type strain.