bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History of the Lecture Theatre
Authors: Moult E. S. 
Published: July 2016

The lecture theatre has now been opened, and I have taken it on myself to be the first to give an address in this newly-opened Theatre. I think this occasion is opportune to tell you something of its history and, in so doing, to demonstrate some of its facilities.For many years the Council of our Society has considered the possibility of the Society having a Lecture Theatre of its own. Many of our Past-Presidents and Councils have expressed the desire and have made explorations but, though the wish was there, we did not see the means. Recent increases in the activities of the Society, the creation of Sections and Groups, each with its own Lecture Programme, added a new emphasis. Moreover, the problem of the hiring of halls has become increasingly difficult when one remembers that the Programme in London alone now includes more than 60 lectures.
The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities
Authors: Connolly J. V. 
Published: July 2016

During the past two years, there has been a sharp acceleration to the interest which industry has displayed in the subject of management education. This can be attributed to these factors: —(a) A more widespread realisation of the gap developing between the UK and a number of foreign economies, as manifested by diverging rates of the major economic indicators.(b) The attainment of top-management responsibilities by a younger generation of managers, many of whom had been given some earlier training and who were more conscious of its value than the incumbents of the job from earlier generations.(c) The publication of the Franks, Robbins and (in the aerospace industry) the Plowden reports.(d) The impact of the Industrial Training Boards making it manifest, in terms of serious levies, that training was an economic necessity and therefore must be investigated thoroughly.Notwithstanding the widespread awakening of interest, it is very belated and sets numerous problems. The problems are in two areas—scale and quality.
Birds and Aircraft: A Problem at Auckland’s New International Airport
Authors: Saul E. K. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:—The bird hazard to aircraft at Auckland International Airport, Mangere, NZ (Lat 37° 00’ 30” S, Long 174° 47’ 30” E) is examined. Geographical features affecting the hazard are explained and the history of the hazard recounted, and the groups and component species of birds, their daily movement patterns and seasonal abundances discussed. The greatest potential danger is from the waders, but gulls are the greatest actual danger possibly because gulls live irregular, opportunistic lives in comparison with the strict, tide-governed existence of the waders. An analysis of the bird incident figures for a year tends to confirm this view, in spite of the comparative rarity of incidents.Measures taken or projected against the birds are reviewed. Special reference is made to unorthodox methods—the provision of alternative high water roosting sites, experiments with a radio-controlled model simulating the hawk shape, and the use of gull corpses as scaring agents. While worthwhile reductions have been made to the hazard, continued work and constant vigilance is necessary.
British Universities and Aeronautical Research|The Fourth Lanchester Memorial Lecture
Authors: Young A. D. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySome remarks are first made on the pertinence of the topic chosen for a lecture dedicated to Dr. Lanchester. A brief historical review is then given of the development of University teaching and research activities in Aeronautics from the early years of the Century to the present. An imaginary but typical modern University Department of Aeronautical Engineering is described with particular reference to numbers of students, staff, laboratory equipment and budget. Some of the many research topics to which the Universities have made and are making important contributions are then discussed briefly. These are to illustrate the scope and tendencies of University research against the background of current developments in Aeronautics. Among the subjects referred to are such topics as the structure of the turbulent boundary layer and the measurement of skin friction, flow Separation phenomena, boundary layer drag and heat transfer at high speeds, aeroelasticity, the application of matrix methods to structural analysis using digital Computers, structural damping, secondary flows in propulsion machinery, the rotating stall and jet noise.The paper concludes with some general remarks on the relationships between the Universities, the Government Research Establishments and the Industry and on the future of University research. The importance of maintaining on the one hand the independence of the Universities and on the other hand the closest contact between them, the Government Establishments and Industry is strongly emphasised.
Ballistic Research Rockets With Particular Reference to Black Knight
Authors: Lyons D.J. 
Published: July 2016

The 1172nd Main Lecture to be given before the Society and the 41st to be held at a Branch centre “Ballistic Research Rockets with Particular Reference to Black Knight” was given under the auspices of the Luton Branch on 1st December 1960. Mr. F. H. Pollicutt, F.R.Ae.S., Chairman of the Luton Branch opened the meeting by welcoming the President, Dr. E. S. Moult, C.B.E., B.Sc., F.R.Ae.S., M.I.Mech.E., the other members of the Council of the Main Society who were present, and representatives from the Bristol, Birmingham and Wolverhampton, Coventry, Christchurch, Derby, Hatfield, Halton, Henlow, Preston and Weybridge Branches. He then asked Dr. Moult to preside over the rest of the proceedings.Dr. Moult expressed his pleasure at being present on this occasion–the second time a Main Society Lecture had been presented at the Luton Branch–and then introduced the Lecturer, Mr. D. J. Lyons. Mr. Lyons took his degree in Aeronautical Engineering at Queen Mary College and subsequently joined the Wind Tunnel staff at Farnborough. During the war he became a flying instructor in the R.A.F. and later rejoined the Aerodynamics Flight Section at. the R.A.E. For the next ten years Mr. Lyons was engaged in Flight Research on stability and control. In 1951 he was appointed Superintendent of the Experimental Projects Division in the Guided Weapons Department and in 1955 was promoted to his present position as Senior Superintendent of the Ballistic Missile Group of the Guided Weapons Department. He had been responsible from the Ministry aspect for the research and development connected with the Black Knight and Blue Streak Missile systems.
Early Research at Farnborough and Felixstowe
Authors: Garner Harry 
Published: July 2016

The Early experimental work at the Royal Aircraft Factory, South Farnborough (as it was called then) has been described by a number of people. There was no organisation in the First World War, as there was in the Second, for the use of scientific man power. The gravitation of scientists to the Royal Aircraft Factory can, I imagine, only be explained by the attraction of working in an unexplored field. The results of the impact of this remarkable group on the future of aeronautics in this country were enormous.My own relatively late appearance at Farnborough, towards the end of 1916, was the result of a series of accidents.
Subexponential asymptotics of a Markov-modulated random walk with queueing applications
Authors: Jelenković Predrag R. , Lazar Aurel A. 
Published: July 2016

Let {(X

n
,J

n
)} be a stationary Markov-modulated random walk on ℝ x E (E is finite), defined by its probability transition matrix measure F = {F

ij
}, F

ij
(B) = ℙ[X
1 ∈ B, J
1 = j | J
0 = i], B ∈
B
(ℝ), i, j ∈ E. If F

ij
([x,∞))/(1-H(x)) → W

ij
∈ [0,∞), as x → ∞, for some long-tailed distribution function H, then the ascending ladder heights matrix distribution G
+(x) (right Wiener-Hopf factor) has long-tailed asymptotics. If 𝔼X

n
&lt; 0, at least one W

ij
&gt; 0, and H(x) is a subexponential distribution function, then the asymptotic behavior of the supremum of this random walk is the same as in the i.i.d. case, and it is given by ℙ[sup
n≥0
S

n
&gt; x] → (−𝔼X

n
)−1 ∫
x

∞ ℙ[X

n
&gt; u]du as x → ∞, where S

n
= ∑1

n

X

k
, S
0 = 0. Two general queueing applications of this result are given.
First, if the same asymptotic conditions are imposed on a Markov-modulated G/G/1 queue, then the waiting time distribution has the same asymptotics as the waiting time distribution of a GI/GI/1 queue, i.e., it is given by the integrated tail of the service time distribution function divided by the negative drift of the queue increment process. Second, the autocorrelation function of a class of processes constructed by embedding a Markov chain into a subexponential renewal process, has a subexponential tail. When a fluid flow queue is fed by these processes, the queue-length distribution is asymptotically proportional to its autocorrelation function.
The random triangle model
Authors: Jonasson Johan 
Published: July 2016

The random triangle model is a Markov random graph model which, for parameters p ∊ (0,1) and q ≥ 1 and a graph G = (V,E), assigns to a subset, η, of E, a probability which is proportional to p
|η|(1-p)|E|-|η|
q

t(η), where t(η) is the number of triangles in η. It is shown that this model has maximum entropy in the class of distributions with given edge and triangle probabilities.
Using an analogue of the correspondence between the Fortuin-Kesteleyn random cluster model and the Potts model, the asymptotic behavior of the random triangle model on the complete graph is examined for p of order n
−α, α &gt; 0, and different values of q, where q is written in the form q = 1 + h(n) / n. It is shown that the model exhibits an explosive behavior in the sense that if h(n) ≤ c log n for c &lt; 3α, then the edge probability and the triangle probability are asymptotically the same as for the ordinary G(n,p) model, whereas if h(n) ≥ c' log n for c' &gt; 3α, then these quantities both tend to 1. For critical values, h(n) = 3α log n + o(log n), the probability mass divides between these two extremes.
Moreover, if h(n) is of higher order than log n, then the probability that η = E tends to 1, whereas if h(n) = o(log n) and α &gt; 2/3, then, with a probability tending to 1, the resulting graph can be coupled with a graph resulting from the G(n,p) model. In particular these facts mean that for values of p in the range critical for the appearance of the giant component and the connectivity of the graph, the way in which triangles are rewarded can only have a degenerate influence.
An operator-analytic approach to the Jackson network
Authors: Massey William A. 
Published: July 2016

Operator methods are used in this paper to systematically analyze the behavior of the Jackson network. Here, we consider rarely treated issues such as the transient behavior, and arbitrary subnetworks of the total system. By deriving the equations that govern an arbitrary subnetwork, we can see how the mean and variance for the queue length of one node as well as the covariance for two nodes vary in time.
We can estimate the transient behavior by deriving a stochastic upper bound for the joint distribution of the network in terms of a judicious choice of independent M/M/1 queue-length processes. The bound we derive is one that cannot be derived by a sample-path ordering of the two processes. Moreover, we can stochastically bound from below the process for the total number of customers in the network by an M/M/1 system also. These results allow us to approximate the network by the known transient distribution of the M/M/1 queue. The bounds are tight asymptotically for large-time behavior when every node exceeds heavy-traffic conditions.
The Effect of an age replacement to a standby redundant system
Authors: Mine Hisashi , Asakura Tatsuyuki 
Published: July 2016

Summary
A multiple unit standby redundant system with preventive maintenance is presented. The Laplace transform of the probability density function of the time to the first emptiness for the system and its mean time are derived. As a special case, a two-unit standby redundant system with preventive maintenance is investigated in detail.
Some classes of conditional inference procedures
Authors: Williams E. J. 
Published: July 2016

Data classified into several groups usually depend on structural and accessory parameters, the structural parameter θ being a constant for all the data, while the accessory parameters ϕ i
vary between groups.
For the structural parameter, inferences that are free of the accessory parameters can be made when the ϕ i
admit sufficient statistics or surrogates Si
, by conditioning on the Si
or by constructing statistics independent of the Si
.
When the Si
are functions of the structural parameter θ, θ is said to be endomorphic. Conditional likelihood methods are not unequivocal for endomorphic parameters; instead, inference is based on statistics independent of the Si
, and so free of the ϕ i
, derived from conditional distribution functions.
With endomorphic parameters, since the surrogates and the statistics independent of them are functions of θ, tests of independence of these sets of statistics provide a means of making inferences about θ.
Age-dependent minimal repair
Authors: Block Henry W. , Borges Wagner S. , Savits Thomas H. 
Published: July 2016

A stochastic model is developed to describe the operation in time of the following maintained system setting. A piece of equipment is put in operation at time 0. Each time it fails, a maintenance action is taken which, with probability p(t), is a complete repair or, with probability q(t)=1– p(t), is a minimal repair, where t is the age of the equipment in use at the failure time. It is assumed that complete repair restores the equipment to its good as new condition, that minimal repair restores the equipment to its condition just prior to failure and that both maintenance actions take negligible time.
If the equipment's life distribution F is a continuous function, the successive complete repair times are shown to be a renewal process with interarrival distribution

for t ≧ 0. Preservation and monotone properties of the model extending the results of Brown and Proschan (1983) are obtained.
Stochastic models and field trials
Authors: Bartlett M. S. 
Published: July 2016

A survey of the development of statistical techniques of field experimentation refers to the unified approach of R. A. Fisher, in which analysis and design were closely linked. Randomization of treatment positions bypassed the need for a precise stochastic model, but sometimes at the cost of diminished accuracy.Alternative covariance methods associated with the name of J. S. Papadakis, taking note of the yields of neighbouring plots, have stimulated much research in recent years. The results to date suggest that, while improved accuracy can often be achieved, the assessment of accuracy is more dependent on the stochastic model. Robust methods for such assessment still need to be finalized; with these alternative methods a closer link between analysis and design is also advocated.
Changes of numéraire, changes of probability measure and option pricing
Authors: Geman Hélyette , El Karoui Nicole , Rochet Jean-Charles 
Published: July 2016

The use of the risk-neutral probability measure has proved to be very powerful for computing the prices of contingent claims in the context of complete markets, or the prices of redundant securities when the assumption of complete markets is relaxed. We show here that many other probability measures can be defined in the same way to solve different asset-pricing problems, in particular option pricing. Moreover, these probability measure changes are in fact associated with numéraire changes, this feature, besides providing a financial interpretation, permits efficient selection of the numéraire appropriate for the pricing of a given contingent claim and also permits exhibition of the hedging portfolio, which is in many respects more important than the valuation itself.
The key theorem of general numéraire change is illustrated by many examples, among which the extension to a stochastic interest rates framework of the Margrabe formula, Geske formula, etc.
A piecewise Markovian model for simulated annealing with stochastic cooling schedules
Authors: Kolonko M. 
Published: July 2016

We introduce a stochastic process with discrete time and countable state space that is governed by a sequence of Markov matrices . Each Pm
is used for a random number of steps Tm
and is then replaced by Pm

+1. Tm
is a randomized stopping time that may depend on the most recent part of the state history. Thus the global character of the process is non-Markovian.
This process can be used to model the well-known simulated annealing optimization algorithm with randomized, partly state depending cooling schedules. Generalizing the concept of strong stationary times (Aldous and Diaconis [1]) we are able to show the existence of optimal schedules and to prove some desirable properties. This result is mainly of theoretical interest as the proofs do not yield an explicit algorithm to construct the optimal schedules.
ZOONOTIC ENCOUNTERS AT THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE: PATHWAYS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE CONTROL OF CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN NORTHERN MOROCCO
Authors: Bardosh Kevin Louis , Berbri Ikhlass El , Ducrotoy Marie , Bouslikhane Mohammed , Ouafaa Fassi Fihri , Welburn Susan C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study traces the biosocial dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus – a zoonotic tapeworm spread between dogs, livestock and people – at slaughterhouses in Morocco. One of the most important parasitic zoonoses worldwide, this neglected cestode is responsible for a debilitating, potentially life-threatening, human disease and significant livestock production losses. Transmission can be interrupted, among other ways, by restricting dogs from eating cyst-infected livestock viscera. Recent epidemiological studies in Sidi Kacem province, northern Morocco, found that government-operated slaughterhouses were ‘hotspots’ for hydatid cysts in livestock and infection in dogs. An ethnographic approach was used to compliment these studies, exploring ‘how’ and ‘why’ cysts were being openly discarded. All seven visited slaughterhouses had low levels of hygiene, oversight and infrastructure. This was described locally as perpetuating a sense of ‘chaos’ that normalized (un)hygienic practices and justified the ignoring of state rules and regulations. However deference to ‘poor’ infrastructure, both physically and symbolically, served to under-emphasize local institutional logics, which were mediated by prevailing risk perceptions, economic practices and local socio-political norms. These included inter-departmental government relationships, the motivation of veterinary technicians, the political lobbying of butchers and market-based mitigation strategies. The study shows the importance of understanding E. granulosus from a biosocial perspective, and the need for more long-term, participatory and integrated ‘One Health’ approaches for neglected zoonotic diseases.
COMMUNITY CO-DESIGNED SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL INTERVENTIONS FOR SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN ZANZIBAR
Authors: Person B. , Knopp S. , Ali S. M. , A’kadir F. M. , Khamis A. N. , Ali J. N. , Lymo J. H. , Mohammed K. A. , Rollinson D. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTop-down biomedical interventions to control schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa have had limited success, primarily because they fail to engage with the social, political, economic and ecological contexts in which they are delivered. Despite the call to foster community engagement and to adapt interventions to local circumstances, programmes have rarely embraced such an approach. This article outlines a community co-designed process, based upon Human-Centered Design, to demonstrate how this approach works in practice. It is based on initial work undertaken by social science researchers, public health practitioners and community members from the Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania, between November 2011 and December 2013. During the process, 32 community members participated in a qualitative and quantitative data-driven workshop where they interpreted data on local infections from S. haematobium and co-designed interventions with the assistance of a facilitator trained in the social sciences. These interventions included the implementation of novel school-based education and training, the identification of relevant safe play activities and events at local schools, the installation of community-designed urinals for boys and girls and the installation of community-designed laundry-washing platforms to reduce exposure to cercariae-contaminated fresh water. It is suggested that the a community co-designed process, drawing from Human-Centered Design principles and techniques, enables the development of more sustainable and effective interventions for the control of schistosomiasis.
Effects of multisensory integration processes on response inhibition in adolescent autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chmielewski W. X. , Wolff N. , Mückschel M. , Roessner V. , Beste C. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIn everyday life it is often required to integrate multisensory input to successfully conduct response inhibition (RI) and thus major executive control processes. Both RI and multisensory processes have been suggested to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is, however, unclear which neurophysiological processes relate to changes in RI in ASD and in how far these processes are affected by possible multisensory integration deficits in ASD.MethodCombining high-density EEG recordings with source localization analyses, we examined a group of adolescent ASD patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) using a novel RI task.ResultsCompared to controls, RI processes are generally compromised in adolescent ASD. This aggravation of RI processes is modulated by the content of multisensory information. The neurophysiological data suggest that deficits in ASD emerge in attentional selection and resource allocation processes related to occipito-parietal and middle frontal regions. Most importantly, conflict monitoring subprocesses during RI were specifically modulated by content of multisensory information in the superior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsRI processes are overstrained in adolescent ASD, especially when conflicting multisensory information has to be integrated to perform RI. It seems that the content of multisensory input is important to consider in ASD and its effects on cognitive control processes.
Kinetic Heating in Relation to Structural Integrity
Authors: James David 
Published: July 2016

This short paper is confined to a discussion on one aspect of the Structural Design of Supersonic Transports. It is chosen because it covers the area in which the impact of supersonics is probably most critical from the structural point of view, i.e. kinetic heating.It is of utmost importance that the significance of kinetic heating is not exaggerated. Adequate attention must be paid to assessing the degree to which past experience is relevant if excess weight is to be avoided.It is in this direction that the discussion is aimed.In view of the need to keep the paper short, attention is concentrated on the Mach 2 class of aeroplane constructed largely of aluminium alloy. Much of what is said will also have relevance to the Mach 3 class of aeroplane.
Large Rocket Engines for Space Vehicles and Missiles
Authors: Hoffman S. K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe history of Rocketdyne's activity in the field of large liquid-propellant rocket engines is outlined in a chronological review of applicable United States ballistic and space projects. Within security limitations, major rocket engine component improvements and general fabrication techniques are discussed. The trends and new developments in liquid-propellant rocket engine designs are presented and a forecast of future engines is made.