bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of HIV Testing Data Before and After the Implementation of a National Data Quality Assessment and Feedback System
Authors: Beltrami John , Wang Guoshen , Usman Hussain R. , Lin Lillian S. 
Published: December 2015

Context:
In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented a national data quality assessment and feedback system for CDC-funded HIV testing program data.

Objective:
Our objective was to analyze data quality before and after feedback.

Design:
Coinciding with required quarterly data submissions to CDC, each health department received data quality feedback reports and a call with CDC to discuss the reports. Data from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed.

Setting:
Fifty-nine state and local health departments that were funded for comprehensive HIV prevention services.

Participants:
Data collected by a service provider in conjunction with a client receiving HIV testing.

Intervention:
National data quality assessment and feedback system.

Main Outcome Measures:
Before and after intervention implementation, quality was assessed through the number of new test records reported and the percentage of data values that were neither missing nor invalid. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effect of feedback in improving the completeness of variables.

Results:
Data were included from 44 health departments. The average number of new records per submission period increased from 197 907 before feedback implementation to 497 753 afterward. Completeness was high before and after feedback for race/ethnicity (99.3% vs 99.3%), current test results (99.1% vs 99.7%), prior testing and results (97.4% vs 97.7%), and receipt of results (91.4% vs 91.2%). Completeness improved for HIV risk (83.6% vs 89.5%), linkage to HIV care (56.0% vs 64.0%), referral to HIV partner services (58.9% vs 62.8%), and referral to HIV prevention services (55.3% vs 63.9%). Calls as part of feedback were associated with improved completeness for HIV risk (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.96), linkage to HIV care (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.31-1.96), referral to HIV partner services (AOR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.43-2.09), and referral to HIV prevention services (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.43-2.10).

Conclusions:
Feedback contributed to increased data quality. CDC and health departments should continue monitoring the data and implement measures to improve variables of low completeness.
TheDrosophilaNeurogenin, Tap, controls axonal growth through the Wnt adaptor protein Dishevelled
Authors: Yuan Liqun , Hu Shu , Okray Zeynep , Ren Xi , De Geest Natalie , Claeys Annelies , Yan Jiekun , Bellefroid Eric , Hassan Bassem A. , Quan Xiao-Jiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Neurogenin (Ngn) transcription factors control early neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth in mammalian cortex. In contrast to their proneural activity, their function in neurite growth is poorly understood.Drosophilahas a single predicted Ngn homologue called Tap, whose function is completely unknown. Here we show that Tap is not a proneural protein inDrosophilabut is required for proper axonal growth and guidance of neurons of the mushroom body (MB), a neuropile required for associative learning and memory. Genetic and expression analyses suggest that Tap inhibits excessive axonal growth by fine regulation of the levels of the Wnt signaling adaptor protein, Dishevelled.SummaryTheDrosophilaNeurogenin homologue, Target of Pox neuro (Tap), prevents axonal overgrowth by regulating the Wnt Planar Cell Polarity pathway adaptor protein Dishevelled.
Job satisfaction, blat and intentions to leave among blue-collar employees in contemporary Russia
Authors: Balabanova Evgeniya , Efendiev Azer , Ehrnrooth Mats , Koveshnikov Alexei 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine antecedents of intentions to leave among blue-collar employees in domestic Russian organizations.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on a sample of 1,210 blue-collar employees in 80 domestic organizations across 14 industries and eight regions in Russia.Findings– The analysis shows that wage satisfaction is the strongest negative predictor of Russian employees’ intentions to leave compared to core job-related and interpersonal relations satisfaction. For non-blat employees, the relationships with intentions to leave are negative and significant for all three types of satisfactions, whereas for employees with blat only the relationship between core job-related satisfaction and intentions to leave is significant.Originality/value– The present study, first, reveals that wage satisfaction is the most important but not the only way to retain blue-collar employees in Russia and, second, points toward the complex nature of blat’s influence on employees’ organizational behavior in contemporary Russian organizations. By so doing, the analysis provides a still rare empirical illustration of how relationships and variables explaining turnover intentions and its antecedents are contingent on economic, cultural and institutional contexts.
Entrepreneurial experience and access to critical resources: a learning perspective
Authors: Aarstad Jarle , Pettersen Inger Beate , Henriksen Karl-Erik 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– Previous studies demonstrate that novice entrepreneurs access fewer resources than experienced portfolio entrepreneurs. From an entrepreneurial learning perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate why they differ in terms of accessing critical resources.Design/methodology/approach– The authors studied entrepreneurs in the Norwegian offshore petroleum industry, which is conservative with strict regulatory regimes and overall high-entry barriers, and in which a good reputation is crucial. Hence, the authors argue that the industry is well suited for a study of the research questions.Findings– The novices’ mind-sets were anchored in technological ideas and they had problems in prioritizing the critical business relationships and market opportunities. They were also unwilling to compromise on ownership control and to disclose business secrets. Portfolio entrepreneurs, on the other hand, acknowledged that technology had had little value if they could not convince market actors. Therefore, they proactively aimed to establish business relations early in the process. They emphasized that a major lesson was to avoid developing excessive attachment to the product but to be willing to share the risks and profits with other industry and market actors.Research limitations/implications– The authors had a limited number of cases, and future contributions should aim to study a larger pool of enterprises, preferably in different industries and national contexts.Practical implications– The findings indicate that novices can learn from the willingness to compromise, in terms of ownership control and disclosure of confidential information to business partners, shown by experienced entrepreneurs. They should also be more willing to involve potential customers at an early stage to gain market knowledge and access.Originality/value– From a learning perspective, this is the first study investigating why novice and experienced entrepreneurs differ in terms of accessing critical resources.
Paradigms in information science
Authors: Adriaenssen Daniel J. , Johannessen Jon-Arild 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is the conceptual expansion of the science-theoretical foundations of information science, i.e. to develop new thought schemes for information science.Design/methodology/approach– The design of the paper is as follows: first, the paper will discuss the foundation of the systemic paradigm (SP). Then the authors will consider the history of information science related to the philosophy of science. In the remaining part of the paper, the authors will investigate information science and its relation to the philosophy of science, focusing on SP.Findings– In conclusion, the authors will summarise the seven criteria for the application of SP in information science.Research limitations/implications– Paradigms in information science have rarely reflected upon the use of a SP in information science.Practical implications– The practical use of the seven criteria in information science Criterion 1: make your premises, suppositions, prerequisites and motives explicit. Criterion 2: make your moral/ethical results and consequences explicit. Criterion 3: research should be evaluated in relation to the transcendence of knowledge. Criterion 4: emphasise methodical pluralism, i.e. empirical generalisations and conceptual generalisations. Criterion 5: emphasise proximity and in-depth studies. Criterion 6: look for patterns and patterns which combine. Criterion 7: look for the power behind the patterns.Social implications– The opinion is that scientists to a great extent should seek knowledge on the basis of a belief, a specific way of thinking, and by means of specific methods. To make the authors belief explicit makes the way of thinking visible. What the authors achieve, and possibly the only thing the authors can achieve, is to reaffirm the conscious belief. This does not make reality more real, but it could put the authors in a better position to see through the authors way of thinking when faced with scientific problems. This indicates that a scientific study should emphasise all three entities: “The Context of Discovery”, “The Context of Justification” and “The Context of Solution”. These three entities, according to SP, make up the unity of the scientific process.Originality/value– The seven criteria entail that Kuhn’s argumentative chain (where he tries to find out why theory A is preferred to theory B on a rational pretext) does not concur with SP. This indicates that a scientific study should emphasise all three entities: “The Context of Discovery”, “The Context of Justification” and “The Context of Solution”. These three entities, according to SP, make up the unity of the scientific process.
A new method for multi-attribute group decision making with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers
Authors: Dong Jiuying , Wan Shuping 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number (TIFN) is very useful for expressing ill-known quantity. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, in which the attribute values are the TIFNs, the attribute weights are completely unknown and the weights of decision makers are given by linguistic variables.

Design/methodology/approach
– A new method is given to rank TIFNs based on the weighted possibility mean and standard deviation of TIFNs. The weighted Minkowski distance of TIFNs is defined by using the weighted lower and upper possibility means of TIFNs. The weights of experts are determined in terms of the voting model of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS). The weights of attributes can be objectively determined through utilizing the information entropy defined by weighted Minkowski distance of TIFNs. Through integrating the attribute weights and expert weights, the collective comprehensive ranking values of alternatives are obtained and used to rank the alternatives.

Findings
– The stock selection example and comparison analysis show the validity and applicability of the method proposed in this paper.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a new ranking method of TIFNs and defines the weighted Minkowski distance of TIFNs. The weights of experts are determined in terms of the voting model of IFS. The weights of attributes can be objectively determined through utilizing the information entropy. The proposed method can greatly enhance the flexibility and agility of decision-making process.
Effect of pore geometry on Gassmann fluid substitution
Authors: Yan Fuyong , Han De‐Hua 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough there is no assumption of pore geometry in derivation of Gassmann's equation, the pore geometry is in close relation with hygroscopic water content and pore fluid communication between the micropores and the macropores. The hygroscopic water content in common reservoir rocks is small, and its effect on elastic properties is ignored in the Gassmann theory. However, the volume of hygroscopic water can be significant in shaly rocks or rocks made of fine particles; therefore, its effect on the elastic properties may be important. If the pore fluids in microspores cannot reach pressure equilibrium with the macropore system, assumption of the Gassmann theory is violated. Therefore, due to pore structure complexity, there may be a significant part of the pore fluids that do not satisfy the assumption of the Gassmann theory. We recommend that this part of pore fluids be accounted for within the solid rock frame and effective porosity be used in Gassmann's equation for fluid substitution. Integrated study of ultrasonic laboratory measurement data, petrographic data, mercury injection capillary pressure data, and nuclear magnetic resonance T2 data confirms rationality of using effective porosity for Gassmann fluid substitution. The effective porosity for Gassmann's equation should be frequency dependent. Knowing the pore geometry, if an empirical correlation between frequency and the threshold pore‐throat radius or nuclear magnetic resonance T2 could be set up, Gassmann's equation can be applicable to data measured at different frequencies. Without information of the pore geometry, the irreducible water saturation can be used to estimate the effective porosity.
Initial disturbance intensity affects recovery rates and successional divergence on abandoned ski slopes
Authors: Burt Jennifer W. , Clary Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

The importance of site history (including initial disturbance intensity and propagule arrival) in determining successional trajectories is a key theoretical and applied line of research in ecology.

Abandoned ski slopes provide an opportunity to study successional processes following differing initial disturbance intensities. Some ski slopes are graded with heavy equipment when constructed (‘graded’, severe initial disturbance), while others are simply cleared of tall woody vegetation (‘cleared’, lesser initial disturbance).

In a blocked chronosequence study of graded and cleared ski slopes abandoned 10–43 years previously, we found that graded ski slopes did not show predictable recovery trajectories over many decades. In contrast, cleared ski runs showed significant convergence with adjacent reference forest communities.

Convergence in community composition on cleared ski runs was driven by trees, though understorey species were more numerous and dominant during succession. Understorey communities did not predictably change in species or life‐form composition over time, regardless of ski run type.

Graded ski runs exhibited little or no edaphic recovery over time, showing neither reductions in bare ground and visible soil erosion, nor increases in soil depth. Cleared ski runs, in contrast, showed evidence of recovery in all of these variables except soil depth, which remained uniformly high.

Synthesis and applications. The creation of new ski slopes by tree clearing is preferable to the grading of new slopes with heavy machinery, because grading reduces ecosystem function and decreases the predictability of soil and vegetation recovery decades after abandonment. Existing graded ski slopes (both operational and abandoned) may benefit from restoration of soils and vegetation.
Meat and Milk Consumption 2050: the Potential for Demand‐side Solutions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction
Authors: Revell Brian 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe contribution of meat consumption to global warming is discussed. The IPCC Climate Change 2014 report recognised that meat demand oriented measures could contribute to GHG mitigation, though by excluding meat market adjustments it overstated the potential. Results are presented from a partial equilibrium model of global meat and milk sectors which examines the impact of projected population and economic growth on global meat consumption for the major regions of the world to 2050. A range of market and policy scenarios linked to meat demand reduction are then analysed, especially for ruminant meats which have the highest GHG emissions intensities. These scenarios include the impact of a continuing long‐term downward trend in red meat consumption in developed economies, impacts of carbon taxes on meat demand, and reductions in GHG emissions intensities for all meats. The modelling projects a 21 per cent increase in global per capita meat consumption and a 63 per cent increase in global meat consumption and GHG emissions without any mitigation measures. Mitigation scenarios, however, only generate a maximum 22 per cent reduction in total livestock and a 26 per cent reduction in ruminant global emissions relative to the Baseline 2050 projection, still well above base period 2010 emission levels.
A systematic review of ultrasound‐guided methods for brachial plexus blockade
Authors: Albrecht E. , Mermoud J. , Fournier N. , Kern C. , Kirkham K. R. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe systematically reviewed 25 randomised controlled trials of ultrasound‐guided brachial plexus blockade that recruited 1948 participants: either one approach vs another (axillary, infraclavicular or supraclavicular); or one injection vs multiple injections. There were no differences in the rates of successful blockade with approach, relative risk (95% CI): axillary vs infraclavicular, 1.0 (1.0–1.1), p = 0.97; axillary vs supraclavicular, 1.0 (1.0–1.1), p = 0.68; and infraclavicular vs supraclavicular, 1.0 (1.0–1.1), p = 0.32. There was no difference in the rate of successful blockade with the number of injections, relative risk (95% CI) 1.0 (1.0–1.0), p = 0.69, for one vs multiple injections. The rate of procedural paraesthesia was less with one injection than multiple injections, relative risk (95% CI) 0.6 (0.4–0.9), p = 0.004.
Optimal Designs for the Carryover Model with Random Interactions Between Subjects and Treatments
Authors: Bludowsky Andrea , Kunert Joachim , Stufken John 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe paper considers a model for crossover designs with carryover effects and a random interaction between treatments and subjects. Under this model, two observations of the same treatment on the same subject are positively correlated and therefore provide less information than two observations of the same treatment on different subjects. The introduction of the interaction makes the determination of optimal designs much harder than is the case for the traditional model. Generalising the results of Bludowsky's thesis, the present paper uses Kushner's method to determine optimal approximate designs. We restrict attention to the case where the number of periods is less than or equal to the number of treatments. We determine the optimal designs in the important special cases that the number of periods is 3, 4 or 5. It turns out that the optimal designs depend on the variance of the random interactions and in most cases are not binary. However, we can show that neighbour balanced binary designs are highly efficient, regardless of the number of periods and of the size of the variance of the interaction effects.
Elective ventilation to facilitate organ donation in infants with anencephaly: perinatal professionals’ views and an ethical analysis
Authors: Jivraj Alisa , Scales Angie , Brierley Joe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimFollowing the elective ventilation and referral for organ donation of an infant with anencephaly, we sought local perinatal professionals’ views of this practice.MethodsAnonymous online survey: demographics, ethical viewpoints and potential public/maternal perceptions (standard 5‐part Likert scale and free text).ResultsDemographics: 49 replies (38 female): 4 obstetricians, 14 neonatologists, 6 foetal clinicians, 23 nurses, 1 anaesthetist and 1 reproductive specialist. Experience: 0.5–33 years (average 12). Twenty‐one had experience of anencephalic delivery, and 10 reported pregnancy continued for religious reasons. Ethics: (i) 73% thought anencephalic donation acceptable, of which 64% supported elective ventilation, 20% neutral and 16% disagreed. (ii) Provision of treatments not in infant's strict best interest to facilitate donation: 22% strongly agreed, 36% agreed, 33% neutral and 9% disagreed. (iii) Accept ventilation to permit donation if societal benefit: 53% agreed, 33% neutral and 13% disagreed. (iv) Public opinion: 59% disagreed anencephalic donation would harm public opinion about donation and 19% agreed.ConclusionWe found a supportive local environment for donation in the setting of anencephaly, including support for elective ventilation. Given this, and our ethical analysis, we recommend provision of organ donation information as part of palliative care counselling for women carrying a foetus with a condition likely to be fatal in infancy.
Perceptions towards electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among Stop Smoking Service users
Authors: Sherratt Frances C. , Newson Lisa , Marcus Michael W. , Field John K. , Robinson Jude 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesElectronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) are promoted as smoking cessation tools, yet they remain unavailable from Stop Smoking Services in England; the debate over their safety and efficacy is ongoing. This study was designed to explore perceptions and reasons for use or non‐use of electronic cigarettes as smoking cessation tools, among individuals engaged in Stop Smoking Services.MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were undertaken with twenty participants engaged in Stop Smoking Services in the north‐west of England. Participants comprised of both individuals who had tried e‐cigarettes (n = 6) and those who had not (n = 14). Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were subject to thematic analysis, which explored participants' beliefs and experiences of e‐cigarettes.ResultsA thematic analysis of transcripts suggested that the following three superordinate themes were prominent: (1) self‐efficacy and beliefs in e‐cigarettes; (2) e‐cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid; and (3) cues for e‐cigarette use. Participants, particularly never users, were especially concerned regarding e‐cigarette efficacy and safety. Overall, participants largely expressed uncertainty regarding e‐cigarette safety and efficacy, with some evidence of misunderstanding.ConclusionsEvidence of uncertainty and misunderstanding regarding information on e‐cigarettes highlights the importance of providing smokers with concise, up‐to‐date information regarding e‐cigarettes, enabling smokers to make informed treatment decisions. Furthermore, identification of potential predictors of e‐cigarette use can be used to inform Stop Smoking Services provision and future research.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Research suggests that e‐cigarettes may help smokers quit smoking, but further studies are needed.

Electronic cigarette use in Stop Smoking Services has increased substantially in recent years, although e‐cigarettes are currently not regulated.

There is debate within the academic community regarding e‐cigarette efficacy and safety.

What does this study add?

Service users interviewed in the current study felt uncertain regarding e‐cigarette efficacy and safety.

E‐cigarette ever users viewed e‐cigarettes as effective and safe, more often than never users.

Accurate and up‐to‐date education will enable service users to make informed treatment decisions.