bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the ANSR® for Campylobacter Method for Detection of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in Chicken Carcass Rinse and Turkey Sponge Samples
Authors: Viator Ryan , Alles Susan , Le Quynh-Nhi , Hosking Edan , Biswas Preetha , Zhang Lei , Tolan Jerry , Meister Evan , Tovar Eric , Pinkava Lisa , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer , Chen Yi , Odumeru Joseph , Ziemer Wayne 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A performance validation of the ANSR® for Campylobacter method was conducted in selected matrixes. This assay used selective nicking enzyme amplification technology to amplify target genes. Samples were enriched for 20 to 24 h and then lysed. The assay was completed within 50 min using real-time detection in a combination incubator/fluorescence detector and software. When 50 distinct strains of Campylobacter jejuni, C. lari, or C. coli were tested for inclusivity, all 50 strains produced positive results. In exclusivity testing, 31 strains of related organisms, including seven nontarget Campylobacter strains and other common species, were evaluated. All 31 species generated negative ANSR assay results, including the nontarget Campylobacter strains. The ANSR for Campylobacter method was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference method using naturally contaminated chicken carcass rinse or turkey carcass sponge samples. ANSR method performance was not statistically different from the reference method using two different enrichment options. Equivalent results were observed at both time points (20 and 24 h) and in both atmospheres (microaerobic and aerobic) to reference methods. Method performance with chicken carcass rinse was confirmed in an independent laboratory study. Additionally, in robustness testing, small, deliberate changes to the assay parameters minimally affected ANSR method performance. Finally, accelerated stability results from three independently manufactured lots supported a shelf life of 6 months when stored at 4°C. The ANSR assay offered greater efficiency and flexibility when compared to the reference method with a 20–24 h single-step enrichment in a microaerobic or an aerobic atmosphere.
Considerações a respeito do auto gerenciamento da aprendizagem em estudantes de educação a distância
Authors: Montiel José Maria , Affonso Suselei Aparecida Bedin , Rodrigues Stelio João , Quinelato Eliane 
Published: September 2016

Considerandoque a autonomia dos estudantes no que se refere a sua capacidade de auto gerenciamentodos estudos e o uso de estratégias deaprendizagem adequadas ao contexto formativo desempenham um papel fundamentalpara o sucesso da aprendizagem na modalidade de Educação a distancia, esseestudo teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil dos alunos atendidos por essamodalidade de ensino, buscando caracterizar seus níveis de satisfação epercepção a respeito da estrutura dos curso, interações com professores etutores, bem como sobre as características pessoais e estratégias cognitivas emeta cognitivas adotadas no processo deaprendizagem no EAD. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de caráterqualitativo, a partir da construção e aplicação de uma escala de percepçãodocente em EAD em 202 estudantes de cursos de graduação dessa modalidade deensino. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que, embora os alunos afirmem terhábitos de estudo favoráveis à aprendizagem em relação à freqüência e ao tempodedicados ao estudo, os mesmos não indicaram a adoção de estratégias deaprofundamento do conteúdo ou de monitoramento dos seus erros e acertos,compatíveis com o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e bom aproveitamento docurso .
mASH1 is Highly Specific for Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Evaluation on Normal and Various Neoplastic Tissues
Authors: Altree-Tacha David , Tyrrell Jillian , Li Faqian 
Published: September 2016

Context.—High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and carcinoids can arise in different sites such as lung, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and skin. Classic neuroendocrine markers such as CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin cannot distinguish carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Recently, mouse monoclonal mASH1 has been shown to help discriminate carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in various neoplastic sites. To date, there have been no comprehensive immunohistochemistry studies with mASH1 on nonneuroendocrine neoplasms.
Objective.—To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of mASH1 in various normal and neoplastic tissues, including lung cancers.
Design.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays consisting of normal tissues and various neoplastic tissues were immunohistochemically evaluated with mASH1.
Results.—In normal tissues (n = 30), mASH1 (nuclear staining) was sparsely expressed in the molecular cell layer, white matter, and granular cell layer of cerebellum; C cells in thyroid; and epithelial cells in thymus. In lung cancers, mASH1 stained 1.1% (1 of 93) of adenocarcinomas, 0.9% (1 of 111) of squamous cell carcinomas, 0% (0 of 30) of large cell carcinomas, 66.7% (6 of 9) of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 82.5% (94 of 114) of small cell carcinomas. In various other neoplastic tissues (n = 1114), mASH1 was expressed in thyroid medullary carcinomas, thymic carcinomas, and brain cancers; mASH1 was also expressed in a very low percentage of breast carcinomas, ovarian cancers, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. All typical carcinoids of various sites were negative (0 of 11), however, in lung atypical carcinoids, mASH1 was expressed in 42.9% (9 of 21).
Conclusions.—Although not organ specific, mASH1 is highly specific for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas versus carcinoids and other nonneuroendocrine neoplasms.
Diagnostic Approach to Advanced Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: Bringing Together Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Clues
Authors: Larsen Brandon T. , Smith Maxwell L. , Elicker Brett M. , Fernandez Jessica M. , de Morvil Guillermo A. Arbo-Oze , Pereira Carlos A. C. , Leslie Kevin O. 
Published: September 2016

Context.—Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity and the most common form of progressive diffuse lung scarring in older adults. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis manifests histopathologically as the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. The usual interstitial pneumonia pattern is distinguished by geographically and temporally heterogeneous fibrosis that is peripherally accentuated, often with honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is not the only disease that leads to end-stage lung fibrosis, however, and several other entities may also cause advanced fibrosis. Surgical lung biopsies often present a diagnostic dilemma when they show clear evidence of advanced fibrosis, but the clinical, imaging, and/or histopathologic subcharacteristics suggest something other than IPF.Objective.—To address this dilemma, we review several other fibrotic lung diseases, including connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, advanced pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, end-stage pulmonary sarcoidosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and others, detailing their clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic attributes and emphasizing similarities to and differences from IPF.Data Sources.—Data sources comprised published peer-reviewed literature and personal experience of the authors.Conclusions.—Often, clues in the lung biopsy may offer the first suggestion of a fibrotic lung disease other than IPF, and accurate classification is important for prognosis, treatment, and the development of future therapies.
Novel Peripherally Derived Neural-Like Stem Cells as Therapeutic Carriers for Treating Glioblastomas
Authors: Birbrair Alexander , Sattiraju Anirudh , Zhu Dongqin , Zulato Gilberto , Batista Izadora , Nguyen Van T. , Messi Maria Laura , Solingapuram Sai Kiran Kumar , Marini Frank C. , Delbono Osvaldo , Mintz Akiva 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor characterized by extensive invasiveness, heterogeneity, and angiogenesis. Standard treatment options such as radiation and chemotherapy have proven to be only marginally effective in treating GBM because of its invasive nature. Therefore, extensive efforts have been put forth to develop tumor-tropic stem cells as viable therapeutic vehicles with potential to treat even the most invasive tumor cells that are harbored within areas of normal brain. To this end, we discovered a newly described NG2-expressing cell that we isolated from a distinct pericyte subtype found abundantly in cultures derived from peripheral muscle. In this work, we show the translational significance of these peripherally derived neural-like stem cells (NLSC) and their potential to migrate toward tumors and act as therapeutic carriers. We demonstrate that these NLSCs exhibit in vitro and in vivo GBM tropism. Furthermore, NLSCs did not promote angiogenesis or transform into tumor-associated stromal cells, which are concerns raised when using other common stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced neural stem cells, as therapeutic carriers. We also demonstrate the potential of NLSCs to express a prototype therapeutic, tumor necrosis factor α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and kill GBM cells in vitro. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of our newly characterized NLSC against GBM.
Initiation of antiretroviral therapy before detection of colonic infiltration by HIV reduces viral reservoirs, inflammation and immune activation
Authors: Crowell Trevor A , Fletcher James LK , Sereti Irini , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Dewar Robin , Krebs Shelly J , Chomchey Nitiya , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Schuetz Alexandra , Michael Nelson L , Phanuphak Nittaya , Chomont Nicolas , Ananworanich Jintanat ,   for the RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group
Published: September 2016

IntroductionColonic infiltration by HIV occurs soon after infection, establishing a persistent viral reservoir and a barrier to cure. We investigated virologic and immunologic correlates of detectable colonic HIV RNA during acute HIV infection (AHI) and their response to antiretroviral treatment (ART).MethodsFrom 49,458 samples screened for HIV, 74 participants were enrolled during AHI and 41 consented to optional sigmoidoscopy, HIV RNA was categorized as detectable (≥50 copies/mg) or undetectable in homogenized colon biopsy specimens. Biomarkers and HIV burden in blood, colon and cerebrospinal fluid were compared between groups and after 24 weeks of ART.ResultsColonic HIV RNA was detectable in 31 participants (76%) and was associated with longer duration since HIV exposure (median 16 vs. 11 days, p=0.02), higher median plasma levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers (CXCL10 476 vs. 148 pg/mL, p=0.02; TNF‐RII 1036 vs. 649 pg/mL, p<0.01; neopterin 2405 vs. 1368 pg/mL, p=0.01) and higher levels of CD8+ T cell activation in the blood (human leukocyte antigen ‐ antigen D related (HLA‐DR)/CD38 expression 14.4% vs. 7.6%, p <0.01) and colon (8.9% vs. 4.5%, p=0.01). After 24 weeks of ART, participants with baseline detectable colonic HIV RNA demonstrated persistent elevations in total HIV DNA in colonic mucosal mononuclear cells (CMMCs) (median 61 vs. 0 copies/106 CMMCs, p=0.03) and a trend towards higher total HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (41 vs. 1.5 copies/106 PBMCs, p=0.06). There were no persistent differences in immune activation and inflammation.ConclusionsThe presence of detectable colonic HIV RNA at the time of ART initiation during AHI is associated with higher levels of proviral DNA after 24 weeks of treatment. Seeding of HIV in the gut may have long‐lasting effects on the size of persistent viral reservoirs and may represent an important therapeutic target in eradication strategies.
Electroluminescence at 1.3 µm from InAs/GaAs quantum dots monolithically grown on Ge/Si substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Rajesh Mohan , Nishioka Masao , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report the first demonstration of electroluminescence at 1.3 µm from InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) monolithically grown on a Ge/Si substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). High-density coalescence-free InAs/Sb:GaAs QDs emitting at 1.3 µm were obtained on a GaAs/Ge/Si wafer. The post-growth annealing of the GaAs buffer layer shows a significant improvement in the room-temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) intensity of QDs grown on a GaAs/Ge/Si wafer, comparable to those QDs grown on a reference GaAs substrate. Together, these results are promising for the realization of a QD laser on a Si substrate by MOCVD for silicon photonics application.
Effect of metal particles on the rate of Si etching with N-fluoropyridinium salts
Authors: Otani Masaki , Kawai Kentaro , Tsukamoto Kentaro , Nagai Takabumi , Adachi Kenji , Uchikoshi Junichi , Arima Kenta , Morita Mizuho 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The effect of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Pt, or Au metal particles on the rate of Si etching using N-fluoropyridinium salts was examined. The average etching depth increased when N-fluoropyridinium salts were mixed with Cu particles. The activation energy determined from the temperature dependence of the average etching rate for the Cu particles is lower than that without a metal. The Cu particles greatly improve the etching of Si with the salts compared with the other metals. The magnitude of the effect of the Cu particles on the rate of Si etching with the salts is larger than that of the Mn, Fe, Ni, or Zn particles. This can be explained by the order of the relative stabilities of the complexes formed by bivalent ions of transition metals. The etching method involves the application of easy-to-handle salts containing Cu particles as etchants on the Si surface and has the potential to be a simple and less expensive form of Si etching.
Muscle size explains low passive skeletal muscle force in heart failure patients
Authors: Panizzolo Fausto Antonio , Maiorana Andrew J. , Naylor Louise H. , Dembo Lawrence G. , Lloyd David G. , Green Daniel J. , Rubenson Jonas 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlterations in skeletal muscle function and architecture have been linked to the compromised exercise capacity characterizing chronic heart failure (CHF). However, how passive skeletal muscle force is affected in CHF is not clear. Understanding passive force characteristics in CHF can help further elucidate the extent to which altered contractile properties and/or architecture might affect muscle and locomotor function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate passive force in a single muscle for which non-invasive measures of muscle size and estimates of fiber force are possible, the soleus (SOL), both in CHF patients and age- and physical activity-matched control participants.MethodsPassive SOL muscle force and size were obtained by means of a novel approach combining experimental data (dynamometry, electromyography, ultrasound imaging) with a musculoskeletal model.ResultsWe found reduced passive SOL forces (∼30%) (at the same relative levels of muscle stretch) in CHF vs. healthy individuals. This difference was eliminated when force was normalized by physiological cross sectional area, indicating that reduced force output may be most strongly associated with muscle size. Nevertheless, passive force was significantly higher in CHF at a given absolute muscle length (non length-normalized) and likely explained by the shorter muscle slack lengths and optimal muscle lengths measured in CHF compared to the control participants. This later factor may lead to altered performance of the SOL in functional tasks such gait.DiscussionThese findings suggest introducing exercise rehabilitation targeting muscle hypertrophy and, specifically for the calf muscles, exercise that promotes muscle lengthening.
Prenatal Sonographic Predictors of Neonatal Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Anuwutnavin Sanitra , Satou Gary , Chang Ruey-Kang , DeVore Greggory R. , Abuel Ashley , Sklansky Mark 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo identify practical prenatal sonographic markers for the postnatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta.MethodsWe reviewed the fetal echocardiograms and postnatal outcomes of fetal cases of suspected coarctation of the aorta seen at a single institution between 2010 and 2014. True‐ and false‐positive cases were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine echocardiographic predictors of coarctation of the aorta. Optimal cutoffs for these markers and a multivariable threshold scoring system were derived to discriminate fetuses with coarctation of the aorta from those without coarctation of the aorta.ResultsAmong 35 patients with prenatal suspicion of coarctation of the aorta, the diagnosis was confirmed postnatally in 9 neonates (25.7% true‐positive rate). Significant predictors identified from multivariate analysis were as follows: Z score for the ascending aorta diameter of −2 or less (P = < .001), Z score for the mitral valve annulus of −2 or less (P= .033), Zscore for the transverse aortic arch diameter of −2 or less (P= .028), and abnormal aortic valve morphologic features (P= .026). Among all variables studied, the ascending aortic Z score had the highest sensitivity (78%) and specificity (92%) for detection of coarctation of the aorta. A multivariable threshold scoring system identified fetuses with coarctation of the aorta with still greater sensitivity (89%) and only mildly decreased specificity (88%).ConclusionsThe finding of a diminutive ascending aorta represents a powerful and practical prenatal predictor of neonatal coarctation of the aorta. A multivariable scoring system, including dimensions of the ascending and transverse aortas, mitral valve annulus, and morphologic features of the aortic valve, provides excellent sensitivity and specificity. The use of these practical sonographic markers may improve prenatal detection of coarctation of the aorta.
Sonographic Evaluation for Endometrial Polyps
Authors: Kamaya Aya , Yu Pauline Chang , Lloyd Carla Ramas , Chen Bertha H. , Desser Terry S. , Maturen Katherine E. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the interrupted mucosa sign for identification of endometrial polyps, using pathologic confirmation as the reference standard, compared to other accepted sonographic findings.MethodsWe reviewed 195 patients referred for pelvic sonographic evaluations for suspected endometrial polyps in this retrospective Institutional Review Board–approved study. Of these, 82 had tissue sampling of the endometrium and constituted the final study group. Patient data, including age, menopausal status, last menstrual period, and final pathologic diagnosis, were recorded. Sonograms were reviewed by 2 blinded board‐certified radiologists for endometrial features, including thickness, echogenicity, vascularity, presence of a mass, and the interrupted mucosa sign. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 44.99 (SD, 9.88) years, 79.1% of whom were premenopausal. Pathologic diagnosis confirmed polyps in 58 (70.73%). A single feeding vessel was visualized in 36 patients with polyps (62.07%), whereas the interrupted mucosa sign was visualized in 34 (58.62%). The presence of a feeding vessel, the interrupted mucosa sign, or both detected 48 (82.76%) of the polyps. In the multivariate analysis, only the interrupted mucosa sign was a statistically significant predictor of pathologic diagnosis of a polyp (P= .035), with an odds ratio of 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.10–13.29). Other sonographic findings were not independent predictors of a polyp: mass (P = .35), single feeding vessel (P = .31), endometrial thickness (P = .88), and endometrial echogenicity (P = .45). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the interrupted mucosa sign were 59%, 75%, and 85%, respectively.ConclusionsThe interrupted mucosa sign is a promising sonographic sign for identification of endometrial polyps, with greater predictive power than previously described signs. It has the potential to improve the diagnostic performance of sonography, especially when used in combination with other described signs.
Gasoline Fuels for Spark‐Ignition Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Hancsók Jenő 
Published: September 2016

Gasoline is a mixture of volatile petroleum components, used as the energy source in internal combustion spark‐ignition engines. It is composed of volatile mixture of 20–200°C distillating paraffinic, naphtenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), and quality‐improving additives. In addition to being suitable for use in the spark‐ignition (Otto) engine, gasoline must meet regulatory requirements and standards.This article covers such topics as the demand for fuels for transportation, composition, properties, and standards of gasoline fuels as well as production, quality control, and emission regulation in different regions.
Dynamic hydrologic modeling using the zero‐parameter Budyko model with instantaneous dryness index
Authors: Biswal Basudev 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLong‐term partitioning of hydrologic quantities is achieved by using the zero‐parameter Budyko model which defines a dryness index. However, this approach is not suitable for dynamic partitioning particularly at diminishing timescales, and therefore, a universally applicable zero‐parameter model remains elusive. Here an instantaneous dryness index is proposed which enables dynamic hydrologic modeling using the Budyko model. By introducing a “decay function” that characterizes the effects of antecedent rainfall and solar energy on the dryness state of a basin at a time, I propose the concept of instantaneous dryness index and use the Budyko function to perform continuous hydrologic partitioning. Using the same decay function, I then obtain discharge time series from the effective rainfall time series. The model is evaluated by considering data form 63 U.S. Geological Survey basins. Results indicate the possibility of using the proposed framework as an alternative platform for prediction in ungagued basins.
Propagation and linear mode conversion of magnetosonic and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the radiation belts
Authors: Horne Richard B. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMagnetosonic waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important for electron acceleration and loss from the radiation belts. It is generally understood that these waves are generated by unstable ion distributions that form during geomagnetically disturbed times. Here we show that magnetosonic waves could be a source of EMIC waves as a result of propagation and a process of linear mode conversion. The converse is also possible. We present ray tracing to show how magnetosonic (EMIC) waves launched with large (small) wave normal angles can reach a location where the wave normal angle is zero and the wave frequency equals the so‐called crossover frequency whereupon energy can be converted from one mode to another without attenuation. While EMIC waves could be a source of magnetosonic waves below the crossover frequency, magnetosonic waves could be a source of hydrogen band waves but not helium band waves.