bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteroaryl derivatives of suvorexant as OX1R selective PET ligand candidates: Cu-mediated 18F-fluorination of boroxines, in vitro and initial in vivo evaluation
Authors: Bolik Kim-Viktoria , Hellmann Jan , Maschauer Simone , Neu Eduard , Einsiedel Jürgen , Riss Patrick , Vogg Nora , König Jörg , Fromm Martin F. , Hübner Harald , Gmeiner Peter , Prante Olaf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The orexin receptor (OXR) plays a role in drug addiction and is aberrantly expressed in colorectal tumors. Subtype-selective OXR PET ligands suitable for in vivo use have not yet been reported. This work reports the development of 18F-labeled OXR PET ligand candidates derived from the OXR antagonist suvorexant and the OX1R-selective antagonist JH112.

Results
Computational analysis predicted that fluorine substitution (1e) and introduction of the fluorobenzothiazole scaffold (1f) would be suitable for maintaining high OX1R affinity. After multi-step synthesis of 1a–1f, in vitro OXR binding studies confirmed the molecular dynamics calculations and revealed single-digit nanomolar OX1R affinities for 1a–f, ranging from 0.69 to 2.5 nM. The benzothiazole 1f showed high OX1R affinity (Ki = 0.69 nM), along with 77-fold subtype selectivity over OX2R. Cu-mediated 18F-fluorination of boroxine precursors allowed for a shortened reaction time of 5 min to provide the non-selective OXR ligand [18F]1c and its selective OX1R congener [18F]1f in activity yields of 14% and 22%, respectively, within a total synthesis time of 52–76 min. [18F]1c and [18F]1f were stable in plasma and serum in vitro, with logD7.4 of 2.28 ([18F]1c) and 2.37 ([18F]1f), and high plasma protein binding of 66% and 77%, respectively. Dynamic PET imaging in rats showed similar brain uptake of [18F]1c (0.17%ID/g) and [18F]1f (0.15%ID/g). However, preinjection of suvorexant did not significantly block [18F]1c or [18F]1f uptake in the rat brain. Pretreatment with cyclosporine A to study the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in limiting brain accumulation moderately increased brain uptake of [18F]1c and [18F]1f. Accordingly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the P-gp inhibitor zosuquidar only moderately inhibited polarized, basal to apical transport of 1c (p < 0.05) and had no effect on the transport of 1f, indicating that P-gp does not play a relevant role in brain accumulation of [18F]1c and [18F]1f in vivo.

Conclusions
The in vitro and in vivo results of [18F]1c and [18F]1f provide a solid basis for further development of suitable OXR PET ligands for brain imaging.
Innate immune response in acute critical illness: a narrative review
Authors: Stiel Laure , Gaudet Alexandre , Thietart Sara , Vallet Hélène , Bastard Paul , Voiriot Guillaume , Oualha Mehdi , Sarton Benjamine , Kallel Hatem , Brechot Nicolas , Kreitmann Louis , Benghanem Sarah , Joffre Jérémie , Jouan Youenn ,   la Commission de Recherche Translationnelle de la Société de Réanimation en Langue Française
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Activation of innate immunity is a first line of host defense during acute critical illness (ACI) that aims to contain injury and avoid tissue damages. Aberrant activation of innate immunity may also participate in the occurrence of organ failures during critical illness. This review aims to provide a narrative overview of recent advances in the field of innate immunity in critical illness, and to consider future potential therapeutic strategies.

Main text
Understanding the underlying biological concepts supporting therapeutic strategies modulating immune response is essential in decision-making. We will develop the multiple facets of innate immune response, especially its cellular aspects, and its interaction with other defense mechanisms. We will first describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of initiation of innate immune response and its implication during ACI. We will then develop the amplification of innate immunity mediated by multiple effectors. Our review will mainly focus on myeloid and lymphoid cellular effectors, the major actors involved in innate immune-mediated organ failure. We will third discuss the interaction and integration of innate immune response in a global view of host defense, thus considering interaction with non-immune cells through immunothrombosis, immunometabolism and long-term reprogramming via trained immunity. The last part of this review will focus on the specificities of the immune response in children and the older population.

Conclusions
Recent understanding of the innate immune response integrates immunity in a highly dynamic global vision of host response. A better knowledge of the implicated mechanisms and their tissue-compartmentalization allows to characterize the individual immune profile, and one day eventually, to develop individualized bench-to-bedside immunomodulation approaches as an adjuvant resuscitation strategy.
Is money velocity pro-cyclical? The case of India
Authors: Sud Nandini 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonetary targeting served as a useful tool for conducting monetary policy until 1980s, but the instability in the relationship between money and nominal income led to its abandonment by most economies. One way of measuring this relationship is money velocity, defined as the ratio of nominal income to money. The purpose of the present study is to show that if short-run cyclical factors are accounted for, money velocity function becomes stable and thus any change in monetary aggregates will lead to predictable change in nominal income and therefore inflation. In such a scenario, monetary targeting can serve as a useful tool in the conduct of monetary policy. The study utilizes quarterly data from 1996:Q2 to 2020:Q1 and time series methodology to conduct empirical analysis. Findings show that money velocity and all its identified determinants exhibit pro-cyclical behaviour. After accounting for these determinants, money velocity has been found to be stable. The direction of causality runs from money velocity to rate of interest to investment to GDP. Thus, when formulating monetary and fiscal policies, policymakers can monitor the short-term cyclical patterns in money velocity as an indicator of forthcoming expansionary or contractionary conditions in the economy to design effective policies.
Exploring the usefulness of the INLA model in predicting levels of crime in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Coleman Toshka , Mokilane Paul , Rangata Mapitsi , Holloway Jenny , Botha Nicolene , Koen Renee , Dudeni-Tlhone Nontembeko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCrime prediction serves as a valuable tool for deriving insightful information that can inform policy decisions at both operational and strategic tiers. This information can be used to identify high-crime areas, and optimise resource allocation and personnel management for crime prevention. Traditionally, techniques such as the Poisson model and regression analysis have been widely used for crime prediction. However, recent statistical advancements have introduced Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) as a promising alternative for spatial and temporal data analysis. This study focuses on crime prediction using the INLA model. Specifically, the first-order autoregressive model under the INLA modelling framework is employed on longitudinal data for crime predictions in different regions of the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The model parameters and hyperparameters considering space and time are estimated through the INLA model. In this work, the suitability and performance of the INLA model for crime prediction is assessed, which effectively captures spatial and temporal patterns. This study contributes to research by first introducing a novel approach for South African crime prediction. Secondly, it develops a model using no demographic information other than clustering attributes as an exogenous variable. Thirdly, it quantifies prediction uncertainty. Finally, it addresses data scarcity through demonstrating how INLA can provide reliable crime predictions, where conventional methods are limited. Based on our findings, the INLA model ranked areas by crime levels, obtaining a 29.3% Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and 0.8 $$R^2$$

R
2

value for crime predictions. These findings and contributions presents the potential of INLA in advancing evidence-based decision-making for crime prevention.
Insight of effects of air quality and sustainable aviation fuel blend on energy saving and emission reduction in airport
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Yu Sha , Yang Xiaoyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAir quality in airport attracts a widespread attention due to the emission of GHGs and pollutants related with aircraft flight. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has confirmed PM2.5 reduction due to free of aromatics and sulphur, and thus air quality improvement in airport is prospected by SAF blend. Two types of SAF were assessed the potential of energy saving and emission reduction by ZF850 jet engine. FT fuel is characterized with only paraffins without aromatics and cycloparaffins while HCHJ fuels is characterized with no aromatics. The descend of air quality and SAF blend were both investigated the effect on the engine performance and emission characteristic. The critical parameters were extracted from fuel compositions and air pollutants. Ambient air with a higher PM2.5 could lead to the rise of engine emission especially in UHC and PM2.5 despite at the low thrust setting and high thrust setting, and even couple with 3.2% rise in energy consumption and 1% reduction in combustion efficiency. CO, NO and NO2 in ambient air show less influence on engine performance and emission characteristic than PM2.5. Both types of SAF blend were observed significant reductions in PM2.5 and UHC. PM2.5 reduction obtained 37.9%—99.8% by FT blend and 0.64%-93.9% by HCHJ blend through the whole trust settings. There are almost 6.67% positive benefit in TSFC through the whole thrust setting by 7% FT blend. The effects of air quality and SAF blend on engine emission present significant changes on PM and UHC but the slight change on CO and NOx. By SAF blend, the energy saving and pollutant reduction obtained could be both benefit for air quality improvement in airport and further reduce engine emission as the feedback of less pollutants in ambient air.
Graphical Abstract
Hormonal influence: unraveling the impact of sex hormones on vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jia Keran , Luo Xin , Yi Jingyan , Zhang Chunxiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSex hormones play a pivotal role as endocrine hormones that exert profound effects on the biological characteristics and vascular function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). By modulating intracellular signaling pathways, activating nuclear receptors, and regulating gene expression, sex hormones intricately influence the morphology, function, and physiological state of VSMCs, thereby impacting the biological properties of vascular contraction, relaxation, and growth. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal phenotypic changes in VSMCs contribute to the initiation of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Therefore, understanding the factors governing phenotypic alterations in VSMCs and elucidating the underlying mechanisms can provide crucial insights for refining interventions targeted at vascular diseases. Additionally, the varying levels of different types of sex hormones in the human body, influenced by sex and age, may also affect the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs. This review aims to explore the influence of sex hormones on the phenotypic switching of VSMCs and the development of associated vascular diseases in the human body.
Graphical Abstract
Biochemical and functional groups characteristics of tea blends from Ficus capensis and Justicia secunda
Authors: Uchegbu Nneka Nkechi , Fasuan Temitope Omolayo , Onuoha Nchekwube Love , Adepeju Adefisola Bola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTea is one of the most consumed drinks in the world, second only to water, and is renowned for its wide range of health benefits.This study examined the development of tea blends from blends of Ficus capensis, and Justicias ecunda leaves. Dried leaves of F. capensis and J. Secunda were milled, sieved, and processed into tea using a three-level factorial design. The process was modelled and optimized. The tea was evaluated for physicochemical, phenolic compounds profile, antioxidants, and functional groups using standard procedures. The blood-boosting potentials of the herbal tea blends were investigated through animal experiment and haematological evaluations were carried out on the fed animals. The results gave the optimal extracts blends of 48 g/100 g of F. capensis and 52 g/100 g of J. secunda. Antioxidants showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl value of 6464.95 ± 1.97 µmol Trolox equivalents/100 g, ferric reducing power (40.13 ± 0.07 mmol Fe2+/100 g), and metal chelating (57.40 ± 0.62%). Physicochemical property showed total dissolved solids value of 6.51 ± 0.11 mg/g, *L (78.35 ± 0.42), *a (3.14 ± 0.09), and*b (13.57 ± 0.12). Phenolic compounds profile showed the presence of epicatechin (115.63 ± 0.052 mg/100 g), which have been associated with ability to improve healthy-living and lower the risk of some degenerative health issues. The in vivo results showed that developed tea was able to recover up to 95.28% of the packed cell volume, red blood cell (94.78%), and haemoglobin (97.52%), which compared well with the commercial product. The study showed the potential application of F. Capensis and J. Secunda leaves extracts in the formulation of functional beverage. The formulation procedures is scalable and has domestic and industrial applications. The tea blend could serve as a functional food ingredient and beverage to improve human health.
Graphical Abstract
When the heart and hands tell a story: an intriguing case of Holt–Oram syndrome
Authors: Atlas Ilyas , Zagdan Soukaina , Megzari Mohamed , Arous Salim , Drighil Abdenasser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Holt–Oram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TBX5 gene, combining skeletal and cardiac malformations. Vital prognosis depends essentially on cardiac involvement, while skeletal malformations determine functional prognosis.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a young patient aged 49, with no particular history, who presented to the emergency department with de novo congestive heart failure. Clinical examination revealed not only signs of heart failure, but also malformations such as triphalangia of the left thumb, prono-supination defects of both forearms and dorsolumbar scoliosis. The electrocardiogram showed that an atypical atrial flutter and transthoracic echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect. We also performed a spinal scan to assess the severity of the scoliosis. Genetic studies confirmed a TBX5 gene mutation in the patient, and family screening revealed no similar cases in the family. Management consisted mainly of pharmacological treatment of heart failure, in addition to scoliosis management.

Conclusion
Holt–Oram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which should be suspected in the presence of any upper limb anomaly associated with cardiac malformation and confirmed by genetic study. A family investigation is necessary after diagnosis, because of autosomal dominant inheritance.
Relationship between the inner setting of CFIR and the delivery of the Healthy School Recognized Campus initiative: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Schaefers Allyson , Xin Lucy , Butler Paula , Gardner Julie , MacMillan Uribe Alexandra L. , Rethorst Chad D. , Rolke Laura , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A. , Szeszulski Jacob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Healthy School Recognized Campus (HSRC) is a Texas A&M AgriLife Extension initiative that promotes the delivery of multiple evidence-based physical activity and nutrition programs in schools. Simultaneous delivery of programs as part of HSRC can result in critical implementation challenges. The study examines how the inner setting constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) impact HSRC program delivery.

Methods
We surveyed (n = 26) and interviewed (n = 20) HSRC implementers (n = 28) to identify CFIR inner setting constructs related to program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, we coded interviews using the CFIR codebook, administered an inner setting survey, tested for relationships between constructs and implementation outcomes via chi-square tests, and compared quantitative and qualitative results.

Results
Stakeholders at schools that implemented one program vs. more than one program reported no differences in acceptability, appropriateness, or feasibility outcomes (p > .05); however, there was a substantial difference in reported program minutes (1118.4 ± 951.5 vs. 2674.5 ± 1940.8; p = .036). Available resources and leadership engagement were related to HSRC acceptability (r = .41; p = .038 and r = .48; p = .012, respectively) and appropriateness (r = .39; p = .046 and r = 0.63; p = .001, respectively). Qualitative analyses revealed that tangible resources (e.g., curriculum, a garden) enabled implementation, whereas intangible resources (e.g., lack of time) hindered implementation. Participants also stressed the value of buy-in from many different stakeholders. Quantitative results revealed that implementation climate was related to HSRC acceptability (r = .46; p = .018), appropriateness (r = .50; p = .009), and feasibility (r = .55; p = .004). Learning climate was related to HSRC appropriateness (r = .50; p = .009). However, qualitative assessment of implementation climate subconstructs showed mixed perspectives about their relationship with implementation, possibly due to differences in the compatibility/priority of different programs following COVID-19. Networks/communication analysis showed that schools have inner and outer circles of communication that can either benefit or hinder implementation.

Conclusion
Few differences were found by the number of programs delivered. Implementation climate (i.e., compatibility, priority) and readiness for implementation (i.e., resources and leadership engagement) were important to HSRC implementation. Strategies that focus on reducing time-related burdens and engaging stakeholders may support HSRC’s delivery. Other constructs (e.g., communication, access to knowledge) may be important to the implementation of HSRC but need further exploration.
Mind Matters: Mental Health and Diabetes Management
Authors: Tenreiro Karen , Hatipoglu Betul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Managing diabetes is an intensive, lifelong responsibility that significantly impacts a person's mental health and diabetes outcomes such as glycemic stability and complications. This mini-review examines the research leading to this conclusion as well as the implications for screening and treatment of mental health issues in people with diabetes within an interdisciplinary care model.

Evidence Acquisition
We searched the literature for the past 10 years, including original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses from PubMed and OVID using the search terms diabetes and mental health.

Evidence Synthesis
Diabetes is a lifelong burden, and people with the disease grapple with intensive management, financial burden, fear of hypoglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia complications, and diabetes stigma. These stressors have a debilitating emotional impact, making it difficult to carry out diabetes care tasks, which in turn is associated with poorer short-term glycemic stability and greater mental health symptoms. Psychological syndromes related to a diabetes diagnosis, management, or coping with the disease include major depressive disorder, diabetes distress, anxiety, and eating disorders. Providers managing people with diabetes can leverage 4 validated screening instruments to assess for these syndromes. The main psychological interventions studied to treat these mental health conditions include cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive conceptualization, dialectical behavioral therapy, relational therapy, and psychoeducation.

Conclusion
It is pertinent to address the mental health of people with diabetes as rates of psychological syndromes are significantly higher than among those without diabetes. Interdisciplinary care involving endocrinologists, mental health providers, diabetes educators, and medical nutritionists could improve diabetes self-care and glycemic control.
An evaluation of thermal tolerance in six tardigrade species in an active and dry state
Authors: Loeffelholz Jacob , Meese Emma , Giovannini Ilaria , Ullibarri Karsyn , Momeni Sogol , Merfeld Nicholas , Wessel Jessica , Guidetti Roberto , Rebecchi Lorena , Boothby Thomas C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Tardigrades are known for their ability to survive extreme conditions. Reports indicate that tardigrade thermal tolerance is enhanced in the desiccated state; however, these reports have almost always used a single tardigrade species and drying/heating methods vary between studies. Using six different species of tardigrades we confirm that desiccation enhances thermal tolerance in tardigrades. Furthermore, we show that differences in thermal tolerance exist between tardigrade species both when hydrated and desiccated. While Viridiscus viridianus survives the highest temperatures in the hydrated state of any species tested here, under hydrated conditions, the thermal tolerance of V. viridianus is restricted to an acute transient stress. Furthermore, unlike other stresses, such as desiccation, where mild initial exposure preconditions some species to survive subsequent harsher treatment, for V. viridianus exposure to mild thermal stress in the hydrated state does not confer protection to harsher heating. Our results suggest that while tardigrades have the capacity to tolerate mild thermal stress while hydrated, survival of high temperatures in a desiccated state is a by-product of tardigrades' ability to survive desiccation.
Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass in the First 3 Months Following Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Liu Wei-Hong , Yates Patsy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical resection is the primary treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, but postoperative skeletal muscle loss (SML) is common and linked to poor prognosis. This study aims to identify patterns of muscle change, examine its association with quality of life (QoL), and explore predictors of SML in the first 3 months.

Patients and Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients newly diagnosed with GI cancer and undergoing surgery in China between September 2021 and May 2022. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and QoL were assessed at admission, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months post-surgery. Demographic, clinical data, and biomarkers were collected. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Data were analyzed using growth mixture modelling, bivariate analyses, and logistic regression.

Results
A total of 483 patients completed baseline assessment. Of the 242 patients with complete muscle assessments, 92% experienced SML. Three distinct patterns of muscle change were identified: 57% had normal preoperative SMM with mild postoperative SML, 16% had low preoperative SMM with moderate SML, and 27% had normal preoperative mass but severe postoperative SML. Moderate/severe SML was associated with more postoperative complications, poorer health, and higher symptom burden. Independent predictors included advanced age, preoperative sarcopenia, advanced cancer stage, and low prognostic nutrition index (PNI ≤ 45). The results did not change when using imputed values.

Conclusions
Although SML is prevalent, patterns of muscle change are heterogeneous among patients. Advanced age, preoperative sarcopenia, advanced cancer stage, and cancer-related inflammation are predictors for moderate/severe SML, highlighting the need for early detection and management.