bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniting Superhydrophobic, Superoleophobic and Lubricant Infused Slippery Behavior on Copper Oxide Nano-structured Substrates
Authors: Ujjain Sanjeev Kumar , Roy Pritam Kumar , Kumar Sumana , Singha Subhash , Khare Krishnacharya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlloys, specifically steel, are considered as the workhorse of our society and are inimitable engineering materials in the field of infrastructure, industry and possesses significant applications in our daily life. However, creating a robust synthetic metallic surface that repels various liquids has remained extremely challenging. The wettability of a solid surface is known to be governed by its geometric nano-/micro structure and the chemical composition. Here, we are demonstrating a facile and economical way to generate copper oxide micro-nano structures with spherical (0D), needle (1D) and hierarchical cauliflower (3D) morphologies on galvanized steel substrates using a simple chemical bath deposition method. These nano/micro textured steel surfaces, on subsequent coating of a low surface energy material display excellent superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and slippery behavior. Polydimethylsiloxane coated textured surfaces illustrate superhydrophobicity with water contact angle about 160°(2) and critical sliding angle ~2°. When functionalized with low-surface energy perfluoroalkylsilane, these surfaces display high repellency for low surface tension oils as well as hydrocarbons. Among them, the hierarchical cauliflower morphology exhibits re-entrant structure thereby showing the best superoleophobicity with contact angle 149° for dodecane. Once infused with a lubricant like silicone oil, they show excellent slippery behavior with low contact angle hysteresis (~ 2°) for water drops.
Small RNA-mediated responses to low- and high-temperature stresses in cotton
Authors: Wang Qiongshan , Liu Nian , Yang Xiyan , Tu Lili , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one class of endogenous non-coding RNAs modulating the expression of target genes involved in plant development and stress tolerance, by degrading mRNA or repressing translation. In this study, small RNA and mRNA degradome sequencing were used to identify low- and high-temperature stress-responsive miRNAs and their targets in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Cotton seedlings were treated under different temperature conditions (4, 12, 25, 35, and 42 °C) and then the effects were investigated. In total, 319 known miRNAs and 800 novel miRNAs were identified, and 168 miRNAs were differentially expressed between different treatments. The targets of these miRNAs were further analysed by degradome sequencing. Based on studies from Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the majority of the miRNAs are from genes that are likely involved in response to hormone stimulus, oxidation-reduction reaction, photosynthesis, plant–pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant response to extreme temperature stresses, and especially the roles of miRNAs under extreme temperatures.
Acute and chronic gregarisation are associated with distinct DNA methylation fingerprints in desert locusts
Authors: Mallon Eamonn B. , Amarasinghe Harindra E. , Ott Swidbert R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDesert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) show a dramatic form of socially induced phenotypic plasticity known as phase polyphenism. In the absence of conspecifics, locusts occur in a shy and cryptic solitarious phase. Crowding with conspecifics drives a behavioural transformation towards gregariousness that occurs within hours and is followed by changes in physiology, colouration and morphology, resulting in the full gregarious phase syndrome. We analysed methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphisms (MS-AFLP) to compare the effect of acute and chronic crowding on DNA methylation in the central nervous system. We find that crowd-reared and solitary-reared locusts show markedly different neural MS-AFLP fingerprints. However, crowding for a day resulted in neural MS-AFLP fingerprints that were clearly distinct from both crowd-reared and uncrowded solitary-reared locusts. Our results indicate that changes in DNA methylation associated with behavioural gregarisation proceed through intermediate states that are not simply partial realisations of the endpoint states.
HER2-encoded mir-4728 forms a receptor-independent circuit with miR-21-5p through the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD5
Authors: Newie Inga , Søkilde Rolf , Persson Helena , Jacomasso Thiago , Gorbatenko Andrej , Borg Åke , de Hoon Michiel , Pedersen Stine F. , Rovira Carlos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe previously reported that the human HER2 gene encodes the intronic microRNA mir-4728, which is overexpressed together with its oncogenic host gene and may act independently of the HER2 receptor. More recently, we also reported that the oncogenic miR-21-5p is regulated by 3′ tailing and trimming by the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD5 and the ribonuclease PARN. Here we demonstrate a dual function for the HER2 locus in upregulation of miR-21-5p; while HER2 signalling activates transcription of mir-21, miR-4728-3p specifically stabilises miR-21-5p through inhibition of PAPD5. Our results establish a new and unexpected oncogenic role for the HER2 locus that is not currently being targeted by any anti-HER2 therapy.
Current driven transition from Abrikosov-Josephson to Josephson-like vortex in mesoscopic lateral S/S’/S superconducting weak links
Authors: Carapella G. , Sabatino P. , Barone C. , Pagano S. , Gombos M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVortices are topological defects accounting for many important effects in superconductivity, superfluidity, and magnetism. Here we address the stability of a small number of such excitations driven by strong external forces. We focus on Abrikosov-Josephson vortex that appears in lateral superconducting S/S’/S weak links with suppressed superconductivity in S’. In such a system the vortex is nucleated and confined in the narrow S’ region by means of a small magnetic field and moves under the effect of a force proportional to an applied electrical current with a velocity proportional to the measured voltage. Our numerical simulations show that when a slow moving Abrikosov-Josephson vortex is driven by a strong constant current it becomes unstable with respect to a faster moving excitation: the Josephon-like vortex. Such a current-driven transition explains the structured dissipative branches that we observe in the voltage-current curve of the weak link. When vortex matter is strongly confined phenomena as magnetoresistance oscillations and reentrance of superconductivity can possibly occur. We experimentally observe these phenomena in our weak links.
Modulation of motor inhibition by subthalamic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Kibleur A , Gras-Combe G , Benis D , Bastin J , Bougerol T , Chabardès S , Polosan M , David O 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHigh-frequency deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus can be used to treat severe obsessive-compulsive disorders that are refractory to conventional treatments. The mechanisms of action of this approach possibly rely on the modulation of associative-limbic subcortical–cortical loops, but remain to be fully elucidated. Here in 12 patients, we report the effects of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on behavior, and on electroencephalographic responses and inferred effective connectivity during motor inhibition processes involved in the stop signal task. First, we found that patients were faster to respond and had slower motor inhibition processes when stimulated. Second, the subthalamic stimulation modulated the amplitude and delayed inhibition-related electroencephalographic responses. The power of reconstructed cortical current densities decreased in the stimulation condition in a parietal–frontal network including cortical regions of the inhibition network such as the superior parts of the inferior frontal gyri and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, dynamic causal modeling revealed that the subthalamic stimulation was more likely to modulate efferent connections from the basal ganglia, modeled as a hidden source, to the cortex. The connection from the basal ganglia to the right inferior frontal gyrus was significantly decreased by subthalamic stimulation. Beyond motor inhibition, our study thus strongly suggests that the mechanisms of action of high-frequency subthalamic stimulation are not restricted to the subthalamic nucleus, but also involve the modulation of distributed subcortical–cortical networks.
Cannabidiol is a partial agonist at dopamine D2High receptors, predicting its antipsychotic clinical dose
Authors: Seeman P 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough all current antipsychotics act by interfering with the action of dopamine at dopamine D2 receptors, two recent reports showed that 800 to 1000 mg of cannabidiol per day alleviated the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia, although cannabidiol is not known to act on dopamine receptors. Because these recent clinical findings may indicate an important exception to the general rule that all antipsychotics interfere with dopamine at dopamine D2 receptors, the present study examined whether cannabidiol acted directly on D2 receptors, using tritiated domperidone to label rat brain striatal D2 receptors. It was found that cannabidiol inhibited the binding of radio-domperidone with dissociation constants of 11 nm at dopamine D2High receptors and 2800 nm at dopamine D2Low receptors, in the same biphasic manner as a dopamine partial agonist antipsychotic drug such as aripiprazole. The clinical doses of cannabidiol are sufficient to occupy the functional D2High sites. it is concluded that the dopamine partial agonist action of cannabidiol may account for its clinical antipsychotic effects.
Wave-front error breakdown in laser guide star multi-object adaptive optics validated on-sky by Canary
Authors: Martin O. A. , Gendron É. , Rousset G. , Gratadour D. , Vidal F. , Morris T. J. , Basden A. G. , Myers R. M. , Correia C. M. , Henry D. 
Published: October 2016

Context. Canary is the multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) on-sky pathfinder developed in the perspective of multi-object spectrograph on extremely large telescopes (ELTs). In 2013, Canary was operated on-sky at the William Herschel telescope (WHT), using three off-axis natural guide stars (NGS) and four off-axis Rayleigh laser guide stars (LGS), in open-loop, with the on-axis compensated turbulence observed with a H-band imaging camera and a Truth wave-front sensor (TS) for diagnostic purposes.
Aims. Our purpose is to establish a reliable and accurate wave-front error breakdown for LGS MOAO. This will enable a comprehensive analysis of Canary on-sky results and provide tools for validating simulations of MOAO systems for ELTs.
Methods. To evaluate the MOAO performance, we compared the Canary on-sky results running in MOAO, in single conjugated adaptive optics (SCAO) and in ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) modes, over a large set of data acquired in 2013. We provide a statistical study of the seeing. We also evaluated the wave-front error breakdown from both analytic computations, one based on a MOAO system modelling and the other on the measurements from the Canary TS. We have focussed especially on the tomographic error and we detail its vertical error decomposition.
Results. We show that Canary obtained 30.1%, 21.4% and 17.1% H-band Strehl ratios in SCAO, MOAO and GLAO respectively, for median seeing conditions with 0.66′′ of total seeing including 0.59′′ at the ground. Moreover, we get 99% of correlation over 4500 samples, for any AO modes, between two analytic computations of residual phase variance. Based on these variances, we obtain a reasonable Strehl-ratio (SR) estimation when compared to the measured IR image SR. We evaluate the gain in compensation for the altitude turbulence brought by MOAO when compared to GLAO.
Operative Strategies during Awake Surgery Affect Deterioration of Paresis a Month after Surgery for Brain Lesions in the Primary Motor Area
Authors: Midorikawa Akira , Yamada Ryoji , Hiromitsu Kentaro , Itoi Chihiro , Saito Shoko , Yagi Kazuo , Shinoura Nobusada 
Published: October 2016

Introduction We analyzed factors associated with worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up in patients with brain tumors located in the primary motor area (M1) to establish protocols for safe awake craniotomy for M1 lesions.
Methods Patients with M1 brain tumors who underwent awake surgery in our hospital (n = 61) were evaluated before, during, and immediately and 1 month after surgery for severity of paresis, tumor location, extent of resection, complications, preoperative motor strength, histology, and operative strategies (surgery stopped or continued after deterioration of motor function).
Results Worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up was significantly associated with worsened paresis immediately after surgery and also with operative strategy. Specifically, when motor function deteriorated during awake surgery and did not recover within 5 to 10 minutes, no deterioration was observed at 1-month follow-up in cases where we stopped surgery, whereas 6 of 13 cases showed deteriorated motor function at 1-month follow-up in cases where we continued surgery.
Conclusion Stopping tumor resection on deterioration of motor function during awake surgery may help prevent worsened paresis at 1-month follow-up.
Knots and black holes: why we’re all prone to madness and what we can do about it
Authors: Kinderman Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPeople from all walks of life can suffer from mental health problems such as low mood, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive problems, even hearing voices. In extreme circumstances, people can begin to fear that other people are plotting to harm them, and some of us even take our own lives. While it is overwhelmingly true that traumatic experiences or on-going deprivation or abuse are possible factors that contribute to psychological problems, there remains an apparent capriciousness to mental health problems. Some people seem to rise above trauma; other people are plagued by great misery without obvious external causes. There is a tendency to explain these differences as reflecting personal, even biological, vulnerabilities. This article is published as part of a collection entitled “On balance: lifestyle, mental health and wellbeing”.
On balance: lifestyle, mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Haggett Ali 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGiven the supremacy of the biomedical model in defining our understanding and treatment of a wide range of physcial and psychological disorders, it is perhaps curious that simultaneously, scientists, clinicians, governments and patients routinely employ the concepts of “lifestyle” and “balance” to try to explain the causes of bodily disease and psychological disorder. Concurrently, the health advantages that are assumed to be inherent in a “balanced life” have been exploited by a rapidly expanding consumer market in “wellbeing”—by companies and individuals promoting food supplements, “wearable fitness”, diet trends and the self-help material. Exploring the tension between the biomedical doctrine and the parallel preoccupation with balance and lifestyle has provided the impetus for this special issue. Emerging originally from papers presented at an interdisciplinary conference held at the University of Exeter in June 2015, and augmented by two further comment pieces, the collection of articles aims to explore the ways in which changing notions of “balance” have been used to understand the causes of mental illness; to rationalise new approaches to its treatment; and to validate advice relating to balance in work and family life.
“Not to come near our person by ten mile”: London, plague and spatial relations in 2 Henry IV
Authors: Knowles Katie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnlike many of his contemporaries, Shakespeare rarely set his plays in London and those of his plays that are partially set in the capital do not seem particularly interested in their location. Consequently studies of early modern London in Renaissance drama have tended to focus on the city comedies, or on those of Shakespeare’s plays where another city (Rome, Athens, Venice and so on), might be argued to “stand in” for or shadow early modern London and its concerns. Shakespeare’s histories, therefore, have not featured as prominently in discussions of dramatic presentations of early modern London as they deserve to. This article suggests that2 Henry IVis deeply concerned with what Henri Lefebvre termed “the production of space”, but that it is not in its location of scenes in Eastcheap or Westminster that this play reveals its immersion in the early modern London of its production, but in its discourse of disease, its imagery of boundaries and containment, and its repeated evocation of fluid and equivocal spaces, including the tavern, the battlefield and the crown itself. It reads the play’s imagery of contradictory, ambiguous and transformative spaces, and of boundaries being set up and broken, as implicitly engaged with contemporary preoccupations with London’s shifting cultural and geographical identity, the growth and character of the suburbs, and particularly with fears about plague and its transmission across city spaces. It concludes that the fluid nature of urban space, and the artificial nature of boundaries are brought into focus by crises such as plague, and that the play’s discourse of contagion can be read as an illuminating backdrop to its emphasis on changeable and disorienting spaces. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death.
From paradox to principles: where next for scientific advice to governments?
Authors: Gluckman Peter , Wilsdon James 
Published: October 2016

AbstractScientific advice to governments has never been in greater demand; nor has it been more contested. From climate change to cyber-security, poverty to pandemics, food technologies to fracking, the questions being asked of scientists, engineers and other experts by policymakers, the media and the wider public continue to multiply and increase in complexity. At the same time, the authority and legitimacy of experts are under increasing scrutiny. This thematic article collection (‘special issue’) brings together perspectives on the theory, practice and politics of scientific advice that build on the conclusions of the landmark conference in Auckland in August 2014, which led to the creation of the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA). We hope that new papers will continue to be added to this collection over the next year and beyond, making it a living, fully open access repository for new scholarship and policy thinking—and an important contribution to the emerging science and art of scientific advice.
Infants’ preferences for native speakers are associated with an expectation of information
Authors: Begus Katarina , Gliga Teodora , Southgate Victoria 
Published: October 2016

Significance
This paper addresses the possible developmental origins of humans’ preference for native speakers. Infants’ preference to attend to someone speaking their native language is well documented and has been interpreted as a developmental precursor of our adult tendency to divide the social world into groups, preferring members of one’s own group and disfavoring others. Here we propose that this preference may originate from infants’ desire to acquire information and therefore preferentially interact with social partners who are more likely to provide them with relevant learning opportunities. We demonstrate that 11-mo-old infants indeed expect to receive information from native as opposed to foreign speakers, suggesting that infants’ selective social interactions may be driven by their motivation to learn.
Human Vδ2 T cells are a major source of interleukin-9
Authors: Peters Christian , Häsler Robert , Wesch Daniela , Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceWe describe in vitro cell culture conditions that induce strong secretion of IL-9 in human peripheral blood γδ T cells. IL-9 plays a role in allergy and increases the antitumor immunity of conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells. Human γδ T cells with a Vδ2 T-cell receptor kill many different tumor cells because they recognize intermediates of a metabolic pathway that is frequently dysregulated in cancer cells. Vδ2 T cells have already been used in cancer immunotherapy, as yet with limited success. Our study demonstrates that TGF-β, together with IL-15, strongly enhances IL-9 production in Vδ2 T cells. We postulate that IL-9–producing Vδ2 T cells might have enhanced therapeutic efficacy upon adoptive transfer into patients who have cancer.
Oxygen delivery using engineered microparticles
Authors: Seekell Raymond P. , Lock Andrew T. , Peng Yifeng , Cole Alexis R. , Perry Dorothy A. , Kheir John N. , Polizzotti Brian D. 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceThe clinical treatment of profound oxygen deprivation (hypoxemia) is time sensitive and requires skill and specialized equipment. When the airways or lungs become incapacitated (e.g., due to airway obstruction or lung injury), resuscitation is ineffective until oxygenation is restored. Many critically ill patients suffer organ dysfunction, cardiac arrest, or death within minutes. In this work, we describe a polymeric microparticle-based oxygen delivery technology capable of rapidly administering large volumes of oxygen gas through an intravenous line.
Thermodynamic origin of surface melting on ice crystals
Authors: Murata Ken-ichiro , Asakawa Harutoshi , Nagashima Ken , Furukawa Yoshinori , Sazaki Gen 
Published: October 2016

SignificancePhase transitions of ice are a major source of a diverse set of natural phenomena on Earth. In particular, quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) resulting from surface melting are recognized to be key players involved in various natural phenomena spanning from making snowballs to electrification of thunderclouds. With the aid of in situ observations with our advanced optical microscopy combined with two-beam interferometry, we elucidate a thermodynamic origin of the formation of QLLs and their unique wetting behavior (pseudo-partial wetting and wetting transitions) on ice surfaces. We show that QLLs are a metastable transient state formed through vapor growth and sublimation of ice that are absent at equilibrium.
Structural basis for nonneutralizing antibody competition at antigenic site II of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein
Authors: Mousa Jarrod J. , Sauer Marion F. , Sevy Alexander M. , Finn Jessica A. , Bates John T. , Alvarado Gabriela , King Hannah G. , Loerinc Leah B. , Fong Rachel H. , Doranz Benjamin J. , Correia Bruno E. , Kalyuzhniy Oleksandr , Wen Xiaolin , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Schief William R. , Ohi Melanie D. , Meiler Jens , Crowe James E. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Respiratory syncytial virus is a highly contagious human pathogen, infecting the majority of infants before age 2 y, and is the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and children. An approved prophylactic humanized mouse monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, is currently the standard-of-care treatment for immunocompromised individuals, and competition with palivizumab has been proposed as the basis for measuring effective immune responses for vaccine trials. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and saturation alanine mutagenesis scanning, we show the structural basis for neutralization by a human antibody at the palivizumab antigenic site. Furthermore, we describe nonneutralizing antibodies that directly compete with palivizumab and another human antibody 14N4. Taken together, the data presented provide unique concepts in structure-based vaccine design.