bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing of Dynamic Re-clustering Leach Protocol for Calculating Total Residual Time and Performance
Authors: Umar Syed , Subbarayudu Yerragudipadu , Kumar K. Kiran , Bashwanth N. 
Published: October 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSN), a plurality of sensors in an energy limited deliveries. the sensors are arranged randomly for many applications. Thus, the battery Or download a replacement would be practical. Therefore, the energy efficient routing protocol to expand the network. In this article we propose a new cluster based Re-Leach dynamic Protocol Dynamic Reclustering based Leach protocol (DR-Leach), the expansion of the lattice energy consumption and reduce the age. The idea is that the energy cluster leaders next production cluster to balance In each round, the same number of nodes in the network of life. Make your first calculation It calculates the optimum amount of CHS in each round, and the optimum amount for each cluster. The results showed that the improvement of reliability protocols proposed frame and the total energy consumption than BCDCP Leach and protocols.
Face Recognition Using Completed Local Ternary Pattern (CLTP) Texture Descriptor
Authors: Rassem Taha H. , Makbol Nasrin M. , Yee Sam Yin 
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, face recognition becomes one of the important topics in the computer vision and image processing area. This is due to its importance where can be used in many applications. The main key in the face recognition is how to extract distinguishable features from the image to perform high recognition accuracy. Local binary pattern (LBP) and many of its variants used as texture features in many of face recognition systems. Although LBP performed well in many fields, it is sensitive to noise, and different patterns of LBP may classify into the same class that reduces its discriminating property. Completed Local Ternary Pattern (CLTP) is one of the new proposed texture features to overcome the drawbacks of the LBP. The CLTP outperformed LBP and some of its variants in many fields such as texture, scene, and event image classification. In this study, we study and investigate the performance of CLTP operator for face recognition task. The Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE), and FEI face databases are used in the experiments. In the experimental results, CLTP outperformed some previous texture descriptors and achieves higher classification rate for face recognition task which has reached up 99.38% and 85.22% in JAFFE and FEI, respectively.
A Review on Web Application Testing and its Current Research Directions
Authors: Lakshmi D. Rajya , Mallika S. Suguna 
Published: October 2017

Testing is an important part of every software development process on which companies devote considerable time and effort. The burgeoning web applications and their proliferating economic significance in the society made the area of web application testing an area of acute importance. The web applications generally tend to take faster and quicker release cycles making their testing very challenging. The main issues in testing are cost efficiency and bug detection efficiency. Coverage-based testing is the process of ensuring exercise of specific program elements. Coverage measurement helps determine the “thoroughness” of testing achieved. An avalanche of tools, techniques, frameworks came into existence to ascertain the quality of web applications. A comparative study of some of the prominent tools, techniques and models for web application testing is presented. This work highlights the current research directions of some of the web application testing techniques.
Classification with Single Constraint Progressive Mining of Sequential Patterns
Authors: Yasmin Regina Yulia , Saptawati Putri , Sitohang Benhard 
Published: October 2017

<span>Classification based on sequential pattern data has become an important topic to explore. One of research has been carried was the Classify-By-Sequence, CBS. CBS classified data based on sequential patterns obtained from AprioriLike sequential pattern mining. Sequential patterns obtained were called CSP, Classifiable Sequential Patterns. CSP was used as classifier rules or features for the classification task. CBS used AprioriLike algorithm to search for sequential patterns. However, AprioriLike algorithm took a long time to search for them. Moreover, not all sequential patterns were important for the user. In order to get the right and meaningful features for classification, user uses a constraint in sequential pattern mining. Constraint is also expected to reduce the number of sequential patterns that are short and less meaningful to the user. Therefore, we developed CBS_CLASS* with Single Constraint Progressive Mining of Sequential Patterns or Single Constraint PISA or PISA*. CBS_Class* with PISA* was proven to classify data in faster time since it only processed lesser number of sequential patterns but still conform to user’s need. The experiment result showed that compared to CBS_CLASS, CBS_Class* reduced the classification execution time by 89.8%. Moreover, the accuracy of the classification process can still be maintained.</span><p> </p>
Learning from a Class Imbalanced Public Health Dataset: a Cost-based Comparison of Classifier Performance
Authors: Rao Rohini R , Makkithaya Krishnamoorthi 
Published: October 2017

Public health care systems routinely collect health-related data from the population. This data can be analyzed using data mining techniques to find novel, interesting patterns, which could help formulate effective public health policies and interventions. The occurrence of chronic illness is rare in the population and the effect of this class imbalance, on the performance of various classifiers was studied. The objective of this work is to identify the best classifiers for class imbalanced health datasets through a cost-based comparison of classifier performance. The popular, open-source data mining tool WEKA, was used to build a variety of core classifiers as well as classifier ensembles, to evaluate the classifiers’ performance. The unequal misclassification costs were represented in a cost matrix, and cost-benefit analysis was also performed. In another experiment, various sampling methods such as under-sampling, over-sampling, and SMOTE was performed to balance the class distribution in the dataset, and the costs were compared. The Bayesian classifiers performed well with a high recall, low number of false negatives and were not affected by the class imbalance. Results confirm that total cost of Bayesian classifiers can be further reduced using cost-sensitive learning methods. Classifiers built using the random under-sampled dataset showed a dramatic drop in costs and high classification accuracy.
Variable Body Biasing (VBB) based VLSI Design Approach to Reduce Static Power
Authors: Wei Kai Woo , Ahmad Nabihah binti , Bin Jabbar Mohamad Hairol 
Published: October 2017

The static power consumption is an important parameter concern in IC design due to t for a higher integration numbers of transistor to achieve greater performance in a single chip. Leakage current is the main issues for static power dissipation in standby mode as the size of transistor been scale. Therefore, the subthreshold leakage current rises due to threshold voltage scaling and gate leakage current increases due to scale down of oxide thickness. In this paper, a Variable Body Biasing (VBB) technique was applied to reduce static power consumption in VLSI design. The VBB technique used a DC bias at body terminal to control the threshold voltage efficiently. The Synopsys Custom Designer EDA tools in 90nm MOSFET technology was used to design a 1-bit full adder with VBB technique in full custom methodology. The simulation of 1-bit full adder was carried out with operation voltage supply was compared in conventional technique and VBB technique. The results achieved the reduction in term of peak power, and average power, in static CMOS 1-bit full adder compared with conventional bias and VBB technique.
Performance Evaluation of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC for Different Traffic Flow in Wired Networks
Authors: Wheeb Ali Hussein 
Published: October 2017

<p>The demand for internet applications has increased rapidly. Providing quality of service (QoS) requirements for varied internet application is a challenging task. One important factor that is significantly affected on the QoS service is the transport layer. The transport layer provides end-to-end data transmission across a network. Currently, the most common transport protocols used by internet application are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Also, there are recent transport protocols such as DCCP (data congestion control protocol), SCTP (stream congestion transmission protocol), and TFRC (TCP-friendly rate control), which are in the standardization process of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In this paper, we evaluate the performance of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC protocols for different traffic flows: data transmission, video traffic, and VOIP in wired networks. The performance criteria used for this evaluation include throughput, end to end delay, and packet loss rate. Well-known network simulator NS-2 used to implement the UDP, DCCP, SCTP, and TFRC protocols performance comparison. Based on the simulation results, the performance throughput of SCTP and TFRC is better than UDP. Moreover, DCCP performance is superior SCTP and TFRC in term of end-to-end delay.</p>
In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus Contact in Response to Walking
Authors: Liu Betty , Lad Nimit K. , Collins Amber T. , Ganapathy Pramodh K. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , McNulty Amy L. , Spritzer Charles E. , Moorman Claude T. , Sutter E. Grant , Garrett William E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: October 2017

Background:There are currently limited human in vivo data characterizing the role of the meniscus in load distribution within the tibiofemoral joint.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose was to compare the strains experienced in regions of articular cartilage covered by the meniscus to regions of cartilage not covered by the meniscus. It was hypothesized that in response to walking, tibial cartilage covered by the meniscus would experience lower strains than uncovered tibial cartilage.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knees of 8 healthy volunteers was performed before and after walking on a treadmill. Using MRI-generated 3-dimensional models of the tibia, cartilage, and menisci, cartilage thickness was measured in 4 different regions based on meniscal coverage and compartment: covered medial, uncovered medial, covered lateral, and uncovered lateral. Strain was defined as the normalized change in cartilage thickness before and after activity.Results:Within each compartment, covered cartilage before activity was significantly thinner than uncovered cartilage before activity ( P < .001). After 20 minutes of walking, all 4 regions experienced significant cartilage thickness decreases ( P < .01). The covered medial region experienced significantly less strain than the uncovered medial region ( P = .04). No difference in strain was detected between the covered and uncovered regions in the lateral compartment ( P = .40).Conclusion:In response to walking, cartilage that is covered by the meniscus experiences lower strains than uncovered cartilage in the medial compartment. These findings provide important baseline information on the relationship between in vivo tibial compressive strain responses and meniscal coverage, which is critical to understanding normal meniscal function.
Lesinurad, a Selective URAT-1 Inhibitor With a Novel Mechanism in Combination With a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, for Hyperuricemia Associated With Gout
Authors: Huneycutt Emily , Board Chase , Clements Jennifer N. 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To review the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and role of lesinurad for the management of hyperuricemia associated with gout. Data Selection: A MEDLINE search (2000 to April 2017) was conducted using the terms hyperuricemia, gout, URAT-1, URAT-1 transporter, and lesinurad. Published articles and scientific posters relevant to the efficacy and safety of lesinurad were reviewed and summarized. Data Synthesis: Lesinurad was evaluated in 3 randomized, phase 3 clinical trials (CRYSTAL, CLEAR 1 and 2). The primary endpoint for CRYSTAL trial was the percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid (SUA) concentration ≤ 5 mg/dL. The CLEAR 1 and 2 trials had a primary endpoint of percentage of patients achieving SUA concentration ≤ 6 mg/dL. Lesinurad at either 200 or 400 mg/d was superior to xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) monotherapy in reducing the SUA concentration to 5 or 6 mg/dL, when added to either allopurinol or febuxostat. Conclusion: Data from phase 3 clinical studies suggest the addition of lesinurad to allopurinol or febuxostat is superior to XOI monotherapy alone in reducing SUA concentrations while increasing the risk of renal-related adverse events. Lesinurad, 200 mg orally per day, would be a safe recommendation, in combination with an XOI, among patients with adequate renal function (i.e., above 45 mL/min) who need additional therapy for inadequately controlled hyperuricemia associated with gout.
The Effect of Monthly Medication on Mortality After a Coronary Event
Authors: Montero-Balosa María C. , Fernández-Urrusuno Rocío , Vilches-Arenas Angel 
Published: October 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze how the consumption of medication over time affects the survival rate in patients with a coronary event and whether there is a gender difference. Methods: The study included 804 patients admitted to 4 hospitals with a coronary event during 2007. Monitoring after coronary event was carried out during 2007 and every 6 months in the subsequent 2 years (2008 and 2009) throughout the review of the clinical history of the patient. The main outcome was the analysis of mortality after the coronary event. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to calculate the time to death, comparing women versus men for 4 medication groups: aspirin, statins, β-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs). A Cox regression model was used for the final mortality analysis. Results: During the follow-up time, 172 deaths were assessed. Each month of treatment with aspirin, statins, β-blockers, or ACEI/ARB was associated with a decrease in mortality between 13.0% and 0.5% (univariate analysis). The Kaplan-Meier method revealed a significant reduction in mortality after the coronary event for each month of treatment with aspirin (men), statins (men), and β-blockers (both men and women). No significant effect in survival was observed in either gender with ACEI/ARB treatment. The final multivariable model (Cox regression) showed that the taking of aspirin, statins, β-blockers, or ACEI/ARB is able to reduce mortality rates up to 7.0% (aspirin) throughout each month of treatment after a coronary event without any influence of gender. Conclusion: Aspirin, statins, β-blockers, and ACEI/ARB revealed a protective character with each month of treatment throughout the follow-up period, in terms of risk reduction of death. Aspirin and statins showed the maximum benefit, followed by ACEI/ARB and β-blockers.
The occurrence of Enterococcus faecium and faecalis Is significantly associated With anastomotic leakage After pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Belmouhand M. , Krohn P. S. , Svendsen L. B. , Henriksen A. , Hansen C. P. , Achiam M. P. 
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: Enterococcus has emerged as a virulent species; Enterococcus faecium especially has arisen as a source of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, specific Enterococcus faecalis species are significantly associated with anastomotic leakage in rodent studies. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of Enterococci ( E. faecium and E. faecalis) obtained from drain samples was associated with leakage in humans undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Materials and Methods: All patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy had a peritoneal drain sample sent for culturing between postoperative days 3 and 10. Postoperative pancreatic fistulas were defined and classified according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula. Bile leakage was radiologically verified. Postoperative complications were classified according to the Dindo–Clavien classification. Results: A total of 70 patients were eligible and enrolled in this study. Anastomosis leakage was observed in 19 patients; 1 leakage corresponding to the hepaticojejunostomy and 18 pancreatic fistulas were identified. In total, 10 patients (53%) with leakage had Enterococci-positive drain samples versus 12 patients (24%) without leakage [odds ratio (OR) = 5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-19.4, p = 0.02]. Preoperative biliary drainage with either endoscopic stenting or a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography catheter was associated with the occurrence of Enterococci in drain samples (OR = 5.67, 95% CI = 1.8-12.9, p = 0.003), but preoperative biliary drainage was not associated with leakage (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.1-1.7, p = 0.23). Conclusion: Enterococci in drain sample cultures in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy occurs significantly more among patients with anastomotic leakage compared to patients without leakage.
Can we predict a delirium after cardiac surgery? A validation study of a delirium risk checklist
Authors: ten Broeke Miarca , Koster Sandra , Konings Thomas , Hensens Ab G , van der Palen Job 
Published: October 2017

Background: Delirium is a common temporary mental disorder that often occurs in patients who undergo cardiac surgery. It is important to prevent the negative side effects of delirium by identifying high-risk patients before surgery. Koster and colleagues designed a risk model to identify patients with an increased risk of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to validate the risk model for delirium and further improve the risk model. Methods: A delirium risk checklist containing predictors associated with postoperative delirium was used during the preoperative outpatient screening in 329 patients. The delirium observation screening scale was used preoperatively and postoperatively to assess delirium. Results: Compared with the model of Koster and colleagues age greater than 70 years and a history of delirium were confirmed as statistically significant predictors of postoperative delirium, while cognitive impairment and alcohol abuse were almost significant factors. The European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE), comorbidity and type of surgery could not predict a postoperative delirium again. The area under the curve of this model was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.86; P<0.001). Based on the data of this study the model was improved with the following independent predictors of postoperative delirium: age, more than one comorbidity, history of delirium and a lower standardised mini mental state examination score as with an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73–0.85; P<0.001). Conclusion: The risk model could not be fully validated. It is difficult to validate a risk model over time; there are different circumstances such as the increased focus on the prevention of delirium.
The perspective of healthcare providers and patients on health literacy: a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative studies
Authors: Rajah Retha , Ahmad Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Jou Lim Ching , Murugiah Muthu Kumar 
Published: October 2017

Aim: Health literacy (HL) is a multifaceted concept, thus understanding the perspective of healthcare providers, patients, and the system is vital. This systematic review examines and synthesises the available studies on HL-related knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers. Methods: CINAHL and Medline (via EBSCOhost), Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Sage Journals, and Science Direct were searched. Both quantitative and/or qualitative studies in the English language were included. Intervention studies and studies focusing on HL assessment tools and prevalence of low HL were excluded. The risk of biasness reduced with the involvement of two reviewers independently assessing study eligibility and quality. Results: A total of 30 studies were included, which consist of 19 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 2 mixed-method studies. Out of 17 studies, 13 reported deficiency of HL-related knowledge among healthcare providers and 1 among patients. Three studies showed a positive attitude of healthcare providers towards learning about HL. Another three studies demonstrated patients feel shame exposing their literacy and undergoing HL assessment. Common HL communication techniques reported practiced by healthcare providers were the use of everyday language, teach-back method, and providing patients with reading materials and aids, while time constraint was the most reported HL perceived barriers by both healthcare providers and patients. Conclusion: Significant gaps exists in HL knowledge among healthcare providers and patients that needs immediate intervention. Such as, greater effort placed in creating a health system that provides an opportunity for healthcare providers to learn about HL and patients to access health information with taking consideration of their perceived barriers.
Characterization of carbonate microfacies and reservoir pore types based on Formation MicroImager logging: A case study from the Ordovician in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Meng Miaomiao , Fan Tailiang , Duncan Ian J. , Yin Shuai , Gao Zhiqian , Jiang Lei , Yu Chao , Jiang Longyan 
Published: October 2017

Improving the characterization of deep carbonate reservoirs requires developing a clear understanding of nature and distribution of their constituent microfacies and associated pore types. These aspects have been little studied in the middle-lower Ordovician of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin in large part due to the limited available cores and relatively poor seismic data. Formation MicroImage (FMI) logging provides a bridge to connect the core data and seismic data to facilitate study of the distribution of microfacies and pore types. Based on analysis of the FMI logs from eight wells (each calibrated by comparing with core samples, thin sections, and conventional well logs), five FMI-based microfacies have been established: (1) intershoal sea microfacies (ISMF), (2) low-energy shoal microfacies (LSMF), (3) high-energy shoal microfacies (HSMF), (4) lagoon microfacies (LMF), and (5) tidal flat microfacies (TFMF). Using the FMI-based identification of microfacies, it has been proposed that the Yingshan Formation was deposited in restricted-platform (characterized by LSMF, HSMF, LMF, and TFMF) and open-platform (characterized by ISMF, LSMF, and HSMF) environments. Three pore types, with the potential for reservoir quality porosity, have been identified in FMI logs: pores (laminated and isolated pores), vugs, and fractures (dipping shear and conjugate fractures). Statistical analyses found that, in comparison with other microfacies, HSMF is more favorable for the development of the above three reservoir pore types, vugs being the most abundant. This study shows the effectiveness of FMI images in the identification of carbonate microfacies and reservoir pore types, and in the building of high-resolution 3D geologic models that identify high-quality reservoir zones.