bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EVOLUTION OF FAR-INFRARED CO EMISSION FROM PROTOSTARS
Authors: Manoj P. , Green J. D. , Megeath S. T. , Evans II N. J. , Stutz A. M. , Tobin J. J. , Watson D. M. , Fischer W. J. , Furlan E. , Henning T. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the evolution of far-IR CO emission from protostars observed with Herschel/PACS for 50 sources from the combined sample of HOPS and DIGIT Herschel key programs. From the uniformly sampled spectral energy distributions, whose peaks are well sampled, we computed the

,

, and

for these sources to search for correlations between far-IR CO emission and protostellar properties. We find a strong and tight correlation between far-IR CO luminosity (

) and the bolometric luminosity (

) of the protostars with

. We, however, do not find a strong correlation between

and protostellar evolutionary indicators,

and

. FIR CO emission from protostars traces the currently shocked gas by jets/outflows, and far-IR CO luminosity,

, is proportional to the instantaneous mass-loss rate,

. The correlation between

and

, then, is indicative of instantaneous

tracking instantaneous

. The lack of a correlation between

and evolutionary indicators

and

suggests that

and, therefore,

do not show any clear evolutionary trend. These results are consistent with mass accretion/ejection in protostars being episodic. Taken together with the previous finding that the time-averaged mass-ejection/accretion rate declines during the protostellar phase, our results suggest that the instantaneous accretion/ejection rate of protostars is highly time variable and episodic, but the amplitude and/or frequency of this variability decreases with time such that the time-averaged accretion/ejection rate declines with system age.
SIZING UP THE MILKY WAY: A BAYESIAN MIXTURE MODEL META-ANALYSIS OF PHOTOMETRIC SCALE LENGTH MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Licquia Timothy C. , Newman Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The exponential scale length (L

d
) of the Milky Way’s (MW’s) disk is a critical parameter for describing the global physical size of our Galaxy, important both for interpreting other Galactic measurements and helping us to understand how our Galaxy fits into extragalactic contexts. Unfortunately, current estimates span a wide range of values and are often statistically incompatible with one another. Here, we perform a Bayesian meta-analysis to determine an improved, aggregate estimate for L

d
, utilizing a mixture-model approach to account for the possibility that any one measurement has not properly accounted for all statistical or systematic errors. Within this machinery, we explore a variety of ways of modeling the nature of problematic measurements, and then employ a Bayesian model averaging technique to derive net posterior distributions that incorporate any model-selection uncertainty. Our meta-analysis combines 29 different (15 visible and 14 infrared) photometric measurements of L

d
available in the literature; these involve a broad assortment of observational data sets, MW models and assumptions, and methodologies, all tabulated herein. Analyzing the visible and infrared measurements separately yields estimates for L

d
of

kpc and

kpc, respectively, whereas considering them all combined yields 2.64 ± 0.13 kpc. The ratio between the visible and infrared scale lengths determined here is very similar to that measured in external spiral galaxies. We use these results to update the model of the Galactic disk from our previous work, constraining its stellar mass to be

M
⊙, and the MW’s total stellar mass to be

M
⊙.
POLARIMETRIC STUDIES OF MAGNETIC TURBULENCE WITH AN INTERFEROMETER
Authors: Lee Hyeseung , Lazarian A. , Cho Jungyeon 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study statistical properties of synchrotron polarization emitted from media with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We use both synthetic and MHD turbulence simulation data for our studies. We obtain the spatial spectrum and its derivative with respect to the wavelength of synchrotron polarization arising from both synchrotron radiation and Faraday rotation fluctuations. In particular, we investigate how the spectrum changes with frequency. We find that our simulations agree with the theoretical predication in Lazarian & Pogosyan. We conclude that the spectrum of synchrotron polarization and its derivative can be very informative tools to obtain detailed information about the statistical properties of MHD turbulence from radio observations of diffuse synchrotron polarization. They are especially useful for recovering the statistics of a turbulent magnetic field as well as the turbulent density of electrons. We also simulate interferometric observations that incorporate the effects of noise and finite telescope beam size, and demonstrate how we recover statistics of underlying MHD turbulence.
Le criminel, sa vie, son œuvre
Authors: Raufer Xavier 
Published: October 2016

Les criminels sont tout sauf le double inversé des honnêtes gens et ne fonctionnent pas comme tels. Bien plutôt, le comportement des malfaiteurs obéit partout et toujours à des règles spécifiques. Impératives et logiques, ces règles ressemblent à celles qui régissent les autres modes d’évolution humaine en milieu hostile : alpinisme, plongée sous-marine, exploration spatiale – et donc, la clandestinité dans laquelle vivent d’usage les criminels. Le Milieu criminel est clairement de type darwinien : seuls les mieux adaptés y survivent. S’y établir, y durer, impose ainsi de respecter quelques règles immuables ce, non par goût ou choix personnel, mais par vitale obligation : se soustraire à ces règles (ou lois, type loi de la pesanteur) provoque en effet rapidement la capture ou la mort du malfaiteur. Ces règles, les voici.
CD40-Mediated NF-κB Activation in B Cells Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis and Modulated by Therapeutics
Authors: Chen Ding , Ireland Sara J. , Remington Gina , Alvarez Enrique , Racke Michael K. , Greenberg Benjamin , Frohman Elliot M. , Monson Nancy L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
CD40 interacts with CD40L and plays an essential role in immune regulation and homeostasis. Recent research findings, however, support a pathogenic role of CD40 in a number of autoimmune diseases. We previously showed that memory B cells from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients exhibited enhanced proliferation with CD40 stimulation compared with healthy donors. In this study, we used a multiparameter phosflow approach to analyze the phosphorylation status of NF-κB and three major MAPKs (P38, ERK, and JNK), the essential components of signaling pathways downstream of CD40 engagement in B cells from MS patients. We found that memory and naive B cells from RRMS and secondary progressive MS patients exhibited a significantly elevated level of phosphorylated NF-κB (p-P65) following CD40 stimulation compared with healthy donor controls. Combination therapy with IFN-β-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) modulated the hyperphosphorylation of P65 in B cells of RRMS patients at levels similar to healthy donor controls. Lower disease activity after the combination therapy correlated with the reduced phosphorylation of P65 following CD40 stimulation in treated patients. Additionally, glatiramer acetate treatment also significantly reduced CD40-mediated P65 phosphorylation in RRMS patients, suggesting that reducing CD40-mediated p-P65 induction may be a general mechanism by which some current therapies modulate MS disease.
Acute Virus Control Mediated by Licensed NK Cells Sets Primary CD8+ T Cell Dependence on CD27 Costimulation
Authors: Teoh Jeffrey J. , Gamache Awndre E. , Gillespie Alyssa L. , Stadnisky Michael D. , Yagita Hideo , Bullock Timothy N. J. , Brown Michael G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
NK cells represent a critical first-line of immune defense against a bevy of viral pathogens, and infection can provoke them to mediate supportive and suppressive effects on virus-specific adaptive immunity. In mice expressing MHC class I Dk (Dk), a major murine CMV (MCMV) resistance factor and self-ligand of the inhibitory Ly49G2 (G2) receptor, licensed G2+ NK cells provide essential host resistance against MCMV infection. Additionally G2+ NK cell responses to MCMV increase the rate and extent of dendritic cell (DC) recovery, as well as early priming of CD8+ T cell effectors in response to MCMV. However, relatively little is known about the NK cell effect on costimulatory ligand patterns displayed by DCs or on ensuing effector and memory T cell responses. In this study, we found that CD27-dependent CD8+ T cell priming and differentiation are shaped by the efficiency of NK responses to virus infection. Surprisingly, differences in specific NK responses to MCMV in Dk-disparate mice failed to distinguish early DC costimulatory patterns. Nonetheless, although CD27 deficiency did not impede licensed NK-mediated resistance, CD70 and CD27 were required to efficiently prime and regulate effector CD8+ T cell differentiation in response to MCMV, which eventually resulted in biased memory T cell precursor formation in Dk mice. In contrast, CD8+ T cells accrued more slowly in non-Dk mice and eventually differentiated into terminal effector cells regardless of CD27 stimulation. Disparity in this requirement for CD27 signaling indicates that specific virus control mediated by NK cells can shape DC costimulatory signals needed to prime CD8+ T cells and eventual T cell fate decisions.
Sexualidad, género, religión e interculturalidad en los relatos informativos civilizatorios y culturales de las televisiones españolas
Authors: Rodrigo-Alsina Miquel , García-Jimenez Leonarda , Gifreu-Pinsach Josep , Gómez-Puertas Lorena , Guerrero-Solé Frederic , López-González Hibai , Medina-Bravo Pilar , Pineda-Cachero Antonio , Roca-Cuberes Carles , Rodríguez-Polo Xosé Ramón , Terribas-Sala Mònica , Ventura-Álvarez Rafael 
Published: October 2016

En esta investigación se analizan distintas noticias sobre sexualidad, género, religión e interculturalidad en televisiones españolas. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis del discurso de las distintas identidades enmarcadas en las mencionadas categorías. A continuación, en distintos grupos discusión se analizan las interpretaciones que hacen las audiencias de dichas noticias. Finalmente, a su vez, analizamos mediante el método Delphi la opinión de distintos expertos sobre estas mismas noticias. Resultados y Discusión. Gracias al análisis del discurso se desvelan las representaciones y los estereotipos mediáticos que las audiencias y expertos identifican fácilmente. Conclusiones. Hay que señalar que tanto las audiencias como los expertos fueron muy críticos con las piezas sometidas a su interpretación, y percibieron claramente las insuficiencias y los estereotipos utilizados. Sin embargo, sobre todo las audiencias de mayor edad, a la hora de abordar dichos temas en general suelen tener los mismos prejuicios que denuncian en los informativos.
Detecting Mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pyrazinamidase Gene pncA to Improve Infection Control and Decrease Drug Resistance Rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection
Authors: Dudley Matthew Z. , Sheen Patricia , Gilman Robert H. , Ticona Eduardo , Friedland Jon S. , Kirwan Daniela E. , Caviedes Luz , Rodriguez Richard , Cabrera Lilia Z. , Coronel Jorge , Grandjean Louis , Moore David A. J. , Evans Carlton A. , Huaroto Luz , Chávez-Pérez Víctor , Zimic Mirko 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hospital infection control measures are crucial to tuberculosis (TB) control strategies within settings caring for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients, as these patients are at heightened risk of developing TB. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a potent drug that effectively sterilizes persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. However, PZA resistance associated with mutations in the nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase coding gene, pncA, is increasing. A total of 794 patient isolates obtained from four sites in Lima, Peru, underwent spoligotyping and drug resistance testing. In one of these sites, the HIV unit of Hospital Dos de Mayo (HDM), an isolation ward for HIV/TB coinfected patients opened during the study as an infection control intervention: circulating genotypes and drug resistance pre- and postintervention were compared. All other sites cared for HIV-negative outpatients: genotypes and drug resistance rates from these sites were compared with those from HDM. HDM patients showed high concordance between multidrug resistance, PZA resistance according to the Wayne method, the two most common genotypes (spoligotype international type [SIT] 42 of the Latino American-Mediterranean (LAM)-9 clade and SIT 53 of the T1 clade), and the two most common pncA mutations (G145A and A403C). These associations were absent among community isolates. The infection control intervention was associated with 58–92% reductions in TB caused by SIT 42 or SIT 53 genotypes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.420, P = 0.003); multidrug-resistant TB (OR = 0.349, P < 0.001); and PZA-resistant TB (OR = 0.076, P < 0.001). In conclusion, pncA mutation typing, with resistance testing and spoligotyping, was useful in identifying a nosocomial TB outbreak and demonstrating its resolution after implementation of infection control measures.
La riada de Valencia de 1957: reconstrucción hidrológica y sedimentológica y análisis comparativo con la situación actual
Authors: Puertes C. , Francés F. 
Published: October 2016

<p class="Resumen">El presente trabajo pretende mejorar el conocimiento de lo sucedido durante la riada de Valencia de 1957, es decir, comprobar si con la información disponible y la inclusión del ciclo de sedimentos a un modelo hidrológico distribuido se es capaz de explicar las ondas de crecida. Asimismo, pretende conocer las consecuencias actuales de un evento similar, teniendo en cuenta el cambio de usos del suelo, especialmente el incremento urbano en la parte baja de cuenca, y las medidas actuales frente a inundaciones de la ciudad. Para ello, se implementó el modelo hidrológico en el estado actual de la cuenca, se reconstruyó a escala horaria la precipitación del evento y se calibró el sub-modelo de sedimentos. De esta forma, se obtuvieron los hidrogramas en los puntos de simulación. Finalmente, se realizó una simulación con la precipitación de 1957 en la situación actual, lo que permitió conocer sus consecuencias en la actualidad. </p>
In vitro Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Temporary Resilient Relining Materials
Authors: Caldas Isleine P , Scelza Miriam Z , Gallito Marco A , Alves Gutemberg , Silva Licínio 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro response of human gingival fibroblasts in primary cultures to two materials for temporary relining of dentures: Temporary Soft (TDV, Brazil) and Trusoft (Bosworth, USA) for 24 hours, 7 and 30 days by using a multi-parametric analysis.

Materials and methods
Each material sample (TDV, TS, Polystyrene, Latex) was prepared and incubated in a culture medium for 1, 7, and 30 days at 37°C. Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the extracts and cell viability was evaluated by a multi-parametric assay, which allowed sequential analysis of mitochondrial activity (XTT), membrane integrity [neutral red (NR)], and cell density [crystal violet dye exclusion (CVDE)] in the same cells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the interactions of the three sources of variation (material, test method, and time) with the proportions of viable cells for each relining material.

Results
Both evaluated materials (TDV and TS) had low cytotoxic effects during 1, 7, and 30 days after manipulation of the material, as assessed by all three methods used. A statistical difference was found when comparing the negative control group (latex fragments) with the other groups, which showed high toxicity and low percentage of cell viability in all tests used. There was no significant difference among other materials (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Low cytotoxicity levels were detected by representatives of the major groups of temporary prosthetic relining materials, as evaluated by multiple cellular viability parameters in human fibroblasts.

Clinical significance
There are various soft materials on the market for relining prostheses; however, the effects of these materials on tissues need to be clarified to avoid problems for patients.

How to cite this article
Caldas IP, Scelza MZ, Gallito MA, Alves G, Silva L. In vitro Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Temporary Resilient Relining Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):457-462.
Predictors of Positive Subxiphoid Pericardial Window in Stable Patients with Penetrating Injuries to the Precordial Region
Authors: Sánchez Álvaro I , Puyana Juan Carlos , García Alberto F , Velsquez Mauricio 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) remains a valuable diagnostic tool for patients at risk of occult cardiac injuries. However, how to select patients that could benefit from this procedure remains unclear. We aimed to identify clinical predictors of positive SPW in patients with penetrating precordial injuries.

Materials and methods
Prospective data collection of 183 patients who underwent SPW for the exclusion of penetrating cardiac injuries during 2002 – 2004 at a level I trauma centre in Cali, Colombia. Patient's demographics, clinical characteristics, and injury information were obtained. Independent predictors of positive SPW were assessed using stepwise logistic regressions.

Results
There were 41 positive SPW (22.4%). Unadjusted analyses demonstrated that stab/knife wounds (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.17–5.25, p = 0.017), single wound (OR 14.61, 95% CI 1.9–110, p = 0.009), and clinical signs of pericardiac tamponade (OR 8.52, 95% CI 3.92–18.4, p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of positive SPW. Conversely, systolic blood pressure (0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) and stable physiological index (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14–0.65, p = 0.002) were associated with decreased odds. In multivariable analyses, signs of pericardiac tamponade (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.78–14.6, p < 0.001), and single injuries (OR 12.99, 95% CI 1.6–102.7, p = 0.015) remained as independent predictors of positive SPW.

Conclusion
Emphasis on early recognition of the clinical signs of pericardiac tamponade could be the most important factor for the identification of occult cardiac injuries. Patients with multiple wounds to the precordial region who reached the hospital may not benefit from a SPW. However, high level of awareness is important because the incidence of occult cardiac injuries is not negligible.

How to cite this article
Sánchez ÁI, García AF, Velásquez M, Puyana JC. Predictors of Positive Subxiphoid Pericardial Window in Stable Patients with Penetrating Injuries to the Precordial Region. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(3):43-51.
La Ley de Cuidado de la Salud Asequible y la transformación del sistema de cuidado de la salud estadounidense
Authors: Gaffney Adam , Waitzkin Howard 
Published: October 2016

El periodo neoliberal ha sido acompañado por una transformación transcendental en el seno del sistema de salud estadounidense. Como resultado de una serie de dinámicas políticas e históricas, la nueva ley de atención a la salud firmada por Barack Obama en el 2010 –La Ley de Cuidado de la Salud Asequible (ACA)‑ se basó menos en modelos universales de otros países que lo que se propuso en reformas conservadoras anteriores del sistema de salud. Esto fue en parte el resultado de la influencia de los intereses de poderosas empresas de salud. Esta ley expande la cobertura sanitaria, pero lo hace de forma incompleta y desigual, con disparidades aseguradoras y vacíos persistentes en el acceso al sistema según el estatus del seguro. Además, la ley incorpora un cambio total hacia un modelo consumista de cuidado caracterizado por costes elevados en el momento de su uso. Finalmente, la ley promociona una mayor consolidación del sector de cuidado de la salud, por ejemplo en unidades llamadas “Organizaciones de cuidado responsables” que se parece mucho a las organizaciones de cuidado de la salud promovidas por abogados de la atención médica administrada. El efecto total ha sido el mantenimiento de un sistema fragmentado que ni es equitativo ni es eficiente. Un sistema universal mediante contribuyente único hubiera podido, en cambio, ayudar a transformar la sanidad en un derecho social.
Feminization of Boards and Cameroonian Public Enterprise Performance
Authors: Njiké Désirée Ngomesse , Wanda Robert 
Published: October 2016

<p>If in the past few years, many authors seek to characterize the boards of directors in connection with performance proposing classifications based on sociodemographic characteristics of administrators, particularly in terms of gender diversity, the results of previous studies show that connection between the feminization of the boards of directors and the performance of the company is not consensual. We then try to test the impact of the feminization of the boards of directors on the performance of the Cameroonian public enterprises.</p>We have formulated a probabilistic model which is tested from a logistic regression based on data from a sample size of 26 public companies in Cameroon over a period of 4 years (2009-2012). Our results demonstrate that Cameroon public enterprise performance cannot be attributed to the gender diversification resulting from their presence at the level of management.
Seasonal and long‐term changes in elemental concentrations and ratios of marine particulate organic matter
Authors: Talarmin Agathe , Lomas Michael W. , Bozec Yann , Savoye Nicolas , Frigstad Helene , Karl David M. , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhat is the temporal variability of the elemental stoichiometry of marine microbial communities across ocean regions? To answer this question, we present an analysis of environmental conditions, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and their ratios across 20 time series (3–25 years duration) representing estuarine, coastal, and open ocean environments. The majority of stations showed significant seasonal oscillations in particulate organic elemental concentrations and ratios. However, shorter‐term changes contributed most to overall variance in particulate organic matter concentrations and ratios. We found a correlation between the seasonal oscillations of environmental conditions and elemental ratios at many coastal but not open ocean and estuarine stations. C:N peaked near the seasonal temperature minimum and nutrient maximum, but some stations showed other seasonal links. C:N ratios declined with time over the respective observation periods at all open ocean and estuarine stations as well as at five coastal station but increased at the nine other coastal stations. C:P (but not N:P) declined slightly at Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study but showed large significant increases at Hawaii Ocean Time‐series and Arendal stations. The relationships between long‐term changes in environmental conditions and particulate organic matter concentrations or ratios were ambiguous, but interactions between changes in temperature and nutrient availability were important. Overall, our analysis demonstrates significant changes in elemental ratios at long‐term and seasonal time scales across regions, but the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. Thus, we need to better understand the detailed mechanisms driving the elemental composition of marine microbial ecosystems in order to predict how oceans will respond to environmental changes.