bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative culture can emerge from collective intelligence in animal groups
Authors: Sasaki Takao , Biro Dora 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStudies of collective intelligence in animal groups typically overlook potential improvement through learning. Although knowledge accumulation is recognized as a major advantage of group living within the framework of Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE), the interplay between CCE and collective intelligence has remained unexplored. Here, we use homing pigeons to investigate whether the repeated removal and replacement of individuals in experimental groups (a key method in testing for CCE) alters the groups’ solution efficiency over successive generations. Homing performance improves continuously over generations, and later-generation groups eventually outperform both solo individuals and fixed-membership groups. Homing routes are more similar in consecutive generations within the same chains than between chains, indicating cross-generational knowledge transfer. Our findings thus show that collective intelligence in animal groups can accumulate progressive modifications over time. Furthermore, our results satisfy the main criteria for CCE and suggest potential mechanisms for CCE that do not rely on complex cognition.
Serotonin transporter deficiency drives estrogen-dependent obesity and glucose intolerance
Authors: Zha Weibin , Ho Horace T. B. , Hu Tao , Hebert Mary F. , Wang Joanne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDepression and use of antidepressant medications are both associated with increased risk of obesity, potentially attributed to a reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) function. However, how SERT deficiency promotes obesity is unknown. Here, we demonstrated thatSERT−/−mice display abnormal fat accumulation in both white and brown adipose tissues, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance while exhibiting suppressed aromatase (Cyp19a1) expression and reduced circulating 17β-estradiol levels. 17β-estradiol replacement inSERT−/−mice reversed the obesity and glucose intolerance, supporting a role for estrogen in SERT deficiency-associated obesity and glucose intolerance. Treatment of wild type mice with paroxetine, a chemical inhibitor of SERT, also resulted in Cyp19a1 suppression, decreased circulating 17β-estradiol levels, abnormal fat accumulation, and glucose intolerance. Such effects were not observed in paroxetine-treatedSERT−/−mice. Conversely, pregnantSERT−/−mice displayed normalized estrogen levels, markedly reduced fat accumulation, and improved glucose tolerance, which can be eliminated by an antagonist of estrogen receptor α (ERα). Together, these findings support that estrogen suppression is involved in SERT deficiency-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, and suggest approaches to restore 17β-estradiol levels as a novel treatment option for SERT deficiency associated obesity and metabolic abnormalities.
miR-301b~miR-130b—PPARγ axis underlies the adipogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells with different tissue origins
Authors: Liu Lulu , Liu Haihui , Chen Mingtai , Ren Saisai , Cheng Panpan , Zhang Hao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in regenerative medicine and cellular therapy due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function. The applicability of MSCs also depends on their cellular sources and in vivo functions. Here in this study, we systematically compared the morphologic characteristics, immunophenotypes and the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (Ad) and bone marrow (BM). We found that the three tissues-derived MSCs displayed decreased adipogenic capacity in the order: Ad-MSC > BM-MSC > UC-MSC, and no morphologic and immunophenotypic differences were observed. Mechanistic investigation revealed a miR-301b~miR-130b—PPARγ axis, whose expression pattern in UC-MSC, Ad-MSC and BM-MSC significantly correlates with their adipogenic capacity. Our results come up with a potential mechanism to elucidate the differential adipogenesis of Ad-MSC, BM-MSC and UC-MSC, which would provide instructional advice for which source of MSCs to choose according to a certain clinical purpose. Furthermore, the miR-301b~miR-130b—PPARγ axis may also be used as a potential therapeutic target for the disorders associated with MSCs-mediated abnormal adipogenesis.
Anticancer properties of a defensin like class IId bacteriocin Laterosporulin10
Authors: Baindara Piyush , Gautam Ankur , Raghava G. P. S. , Korpole Suresh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLaterosporulin10 (LS10) is a defensin like peptide fromBrevibacillussp. strain SKDU10 that inhibited microbial pathogens. However, in this study, anticancer activity of LS10 was examined against different cancer cell lines and compared with normal cells. LS10 displayed cytotoxicity against cancer cells like MCF-7, HEK293T, HT1080, HeLa and H1299 at below 10 μM concentration, but not against prostate epithelium cells RWPE-1. Additionally, no hemolysis was observed at significantly higher concentration compared to IC50values observed for different cancer cell lines. Release of lactate dehydrogenase from cancer cell lines at 15 μM concentration upon 120 min treatment indicated the lytic ability of LS10. Accordingly, electron microscopy experiments also confirmed the necrotic effect of LS10 at 15 μM concentration against cancer cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis of treated cancer cell lines revealed that LS10 induce apoptosis even at 2.5 μM concentration. Nevertheless, RWPE-1 cells remained viable even at 20 μM concentration. These results provide evidence that LS10 is an anticancer bacteriocin, which causes apoptotic and necrotic death of cancer cells at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Taken all results together, the present study signifies that LS10 is an anticancer peptide that could be further developed for therapeutic applications.
Highly sensitive strain sensor based on helical structure combined with Mach-Zehnder interferometer in multicore fiber
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Wu Zhifang , Shum Perry Ping , Dinh Xuan Quyen , Low Chun Wah , Xu Zhilin , Wang Ruoxu , Shao Xuguang , Fu Songnian , Tong Weijun , Tang Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptical fiber sensors for strain measurement have been playing important roles in structural health monitoring for buildings, tunnels, pipelines, aircrafts, and so on. A highly sensitive strain sensor based on helical structures (HSs) assisted Mach-Zehnder interference in an all-solid heterogeneous multicore fiber (MCF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to the HSs, a maximum strain sensitivity as high as −61.8 pm/με was experimentally achieved. This is the highest sensitivity among interferometer-based strain sensors reported so far, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the proposed sensor has the ability to discriminate axial strain and temperature, and offers several advantages such as repeatability of fabrication, robust structure and compact size, which further benefits its practical sensing applications.
Inherited and Acquired Muscle Weakness: A Moving Target for Diagnostic Muscle Biopsy
Authors: Stenzel Werner , Schoser Benedikt 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInherited and acquired muscular weakness is caused by multiple conditions. While the inherited ones are mostly caused by mutations in genes coding for myopathic or neurogenic diseases, the acquired ones occur due to inflammatory, endocrine, or toxic etiologies. Precise diagnosis of a specific disease may be challenging and may require a multidisciplinary approach. What is the current place for a diagnostic biopsy of skeletal muscle? Diagnostic muscle biopsy lost in this context its first-tier place in the primary diagnostic workup for some diseases, but it is still mandatory for others. We here summarize conditions in which we believe a diagnostic sample is most relevant and mention those in which a biopsy may be secondary or can even be left out. We would like to stress that muscle biopsy nowadays has a new important place in description and definition of new diseases, for example, discovered by modern genetic approaches.
Novel STAC3 Mutations in the First Non-Amerindian Patient with Native American Myopathy
Authors: Schänzer Anne , Pepler Alexander , Heller Corina , Neubauer Bernd , Hahn Andreas , Grzybowski Michelle 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNative American myopathy (NAM) is an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy, up till now exclusively described in Lumbee Indians who harbor one single homozygous mutation (c.1046G>C, pW284S) in the STAC3 gene, encoding a protein important for proper excitation–contraction coupling in muscle. Here, we report the first non-Amerindian patient of Turkish ancestry, being compound heterozygous for the mutations c.862A>T (p.K288*) and c.432+4A>T (aberrant splicing with skipping of exon 4). Symptoms in NAM include congenital muscle weakness and contractures, progressive scoliosis, early ventilatory failure, a peculiar facial gestalt with mild ptosis and downturned corners of the mouth, short stature, and marked susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. This case shows that NAM should also be considered in non-Indian patients with congenital myopathy, and suggests that STAC3 mutations should be taken into account as a potential cause of malignant hyperthermia.
Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline
Authors: Aabakken Lars , Karlsen Tom , Albert Jörg , Arvanitakis Marianna , Chazouilleres Olivier , Dumonceau Jean-Marc , Färkkilä Martti , Fickert Peter , Hirschfield Gideon , Laghi Andrea , Marzioni Marco , Fernandez Michael , Pereira Stephen , Pohl Jürgen , Poley Jan-Werner , Ponsioen Cyriel , Schramm Christoph , Swahn Fredrik , Tringali Andrea , Hassan Cesare 
Published: April 2017

MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS
1 ESGE/EASL recommend that, as the primary diagnostic modality for PSC, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) should be preferred over endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation.
2 ESGE/EASL suggest that ERCP can be considered if MRC plus liver biopsy is equivocal or contraindicated in patients with persisting clinical suspicion of PSC. The risks of ERCP have to be weighed against the potential benefit with regard to surveillance and treatment recommendations.Low quality evidence, weak recommendation.
6 ESGE/EASL suggest that, in patients with an established diagnosis of PSC, MRC should be considered before therapeutic ERCP.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
7 ESGE/EASL suggest performing endoscopic treatment with concomitant ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) of suspected significant strictures identified at MRC in PSC patients who present with symptoms likely to improve following endoscopic treatment.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
9 ESGE/EASL recommend weighing the anticipated benefits of biliary papillotomy/sphincterotomy against its risks on a case-by-case basis.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.Biliary papillotomy/sphincterotomy should be considered especially after difficult cannulation.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
16 ESGE/EASL suggest routine administration of prophylactic antibiotics before ERCP in patients with PSC.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
17 EASL/ESGE recommend that cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) should be suspected in any patient with worsening cholestasis, weight loss, raised serum CA19-9, and/or new or progressive dominant stricture, particularly with an associated enhancing mass lesion.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
19 ESGE/EASL recommend ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) as part of the initial investigation for the diagnosis and staging of suspected CCA in patients with PSC.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.
Dissociation ofPer1andBmal1circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in parallel with behavioral outputs
Authors: Ono Daisuke , Honma Sato , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Kuroda Shigeru , Enoki Ryosuke , Honma Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceThe circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates seasonality in physiology and behavior, which is best characterized by the change in the activity time of behavioral rhythms. In nocturnal rodents, the activity time was shortened in long summer days and lengthened in short winter days because of the change in the phase relationship of activity onset and offset, for which different circadian oscillators are predicted. Taking advantage of in vivo monitoring of clock gene expression in freely moving mice, we demonstrated that the circadian rhythms ofPer1andBmal1in the SCN are associated differentially with the phase shifts of activity onset and offset, respectively, suggesting the existence of two oscillations with different molecular mechanisms in timing of circadian behavior.
Case for the genetic code as a triplet of triplets
Authors: Chevance Fabienne F. V. , Hughes Kelly T. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The genetic code for life is a triplet base code. It is known that adjacent codons can influence translation of a given codon and that codon pair biases occur throughout nature. We show that mRNA translation at a given codon can be affected by the two previous codons. Data presented here support a model in which the evolutionary selection pressure on a single codon is over five successive codons, including synonymous codons. This work provides a foundation for the interpretation of how single DNA base changes might affect translation over multiple codons and should be considered in the characterization of the effects of DNA base changes on human disease.
Achiral symmetry breaking and positive Gaussian modulus lead to scalloped colloidal membranes
Authors: Gibaud Thomas , Kaplan C. Nadir , Sharma Prerna , Zakhary Mark J. , Ward Andrew , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Meyer Robert B. , Kamien Randall D. , Powers Thomas R. , Dogic Zvonimir 
Published: April 2017

Significance
A number of essential processes in biology and materials science, such as vesicle fusion and fission as well as pore formation, change the membrane topology and require formation of saddle surfaces. The energetic cost associated with such deformations is described by the Gaussian curvature modulus. We show that flat 2D colloidal membranes composed of achiral rods are unstable and spontaneously form scalloped edges. Quantitative analysis of such instability estimates the Gaussian curvature modulus of colloidal membranes. The measured sign and magnitude of the modulus can be explained by a simple excluded volume argument that was originally developed for polymeric surfactants.
Capturing non-local interactions by long short-term memory bidirectional recurrent neural networks for improving prediction of protein secondary structure, backbone angles, contact numbers and solvent accessibility
Authors: Heffernan Rhys , Yang Yuedong , Paliwal Kuldip , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The accuracy of predicting protein local and global structural properties such as secondary structure and solvent accessible surface area has been stagnant for many years because of the challenge of accounting for non-local interactions between amino acid residues that are close in three-dimensional structural space but far from each other in their sequence positions. All existing machine-learning techniques relied on a sliding window of 10–20 amino acid residues to capture some ‘short to intermediate’ non-local interactions. Here, we employed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BRNNs) which are capable of capturing long range interactions without using a window.

Results
We showed that the application of LSTM-BRNN to the prediction of protein structural properties makes the most significant improvement for residues with the most long-range contacts (|i-j| &gt;19) over a previous window-based, deep-learning method SPIDER2. Capturing long-range interactions allows the accuracy of three-state secondary structure prediction to reach 84% and the correlation coefficient between predicted and actual solvent accessible surface areas to reach 0.80, plus a reduction of 5%, 10%, 5% and 10% in the mean absolute error for backbone ϕ, ψ, θ and τ angles, respectively, from SPIDER2. More significantly, 27% of 182724 40-residue models directly constructed from predicted Cα atom-based θ and τ have similar structures to their corresponding native structures (6Å RMSD or less), which is 3% better than models built by ϕ and ψ angles. We expect the method to be useful for assisting protein structure and function prediction.

Availability and implementation
The method is available as a SPIDER3 server and standalone package at http://sparks-lab.org.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of Aging on Parasite Biomass, Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, Microvascular Dysfunction and Disease Severity in Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Barber Bridget E. , Grigg Matthew J. , William Timothy , Piera Kim A. , Boyle Michelle J. , Yeo Tsin W. , Anstey Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background.
In populations pauci-immune to malaria, risk of severe malaria increases with age. This is particularly apparent in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. However, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying knowlesi malaria, and of the age-related increase in risk of severe malaria in general, are poorly understood.

Methods.
In Malaysian patients aged ≥12 years with severe (n = 47) and nonsevere (n = 99) knowlesi malaria, severe (n = 21) and nonsevere (n = 109) falciparum malaria, and healthy controls (n = 50), we measured parasite biomass, systemic inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL-6]), endothelial activation (angiopoietin-2), and microvascular function, and evaluated the effects of age.

Results.
Plasmodium knowlesi parasitemia correlated with age (Spearman’s correlation coefficient [r s] = 0.36; P &lt; .0001). In knowlesi malaria, IL-6, angiopoietin-2, and microvascular dysfunction were increased in severe compared to nonsevere disease, and all correlated with age, independent of parasitemia. In falciparum malaria, angiopoietin-2 increased with age, independent of parasite biomass (histidine-rich protein 2 [HRP2]). Independent risk factors for severe malaria included parasitemia and angiopoietin-2 in knowlesi malaria, and HRP2, angiopoietin-2, and microvascular dysfunction in falciparum malaria.

Conclusions.
Parasite biomass, endothelial activation, and microvascular dysfunction are associated with severe disease in knowlesi malaria and likely contribute to pathogenesis. The association of each of these processes with aging may account for the greater severity of malaria observed in older adults in low-endemic regions.
Characteristics and Outcome of Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Wohlfarth Philipp , Beutel Gernot , Lebiedz Pia , Stemmler Hans-Joachim , Staudinger Thomas , Schmidt Matthieu , Kochanek Matthias , Liebregts Tobias , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Azoulay Elie , Demoule Alexandre , Kluge Stefan , Svalebjørg Morten , Lueck Catherina , Tischer Johanna , Combes Alain , Böll Boris , Rabitsch Werner , Schellongowski Peter 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a frequent condition following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may serve as rescue therapy in refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome but has not been assessed in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

Design:
Multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

Setting:
ICUs in 12 European tertiary care centers (Austria, Germany, France, and Belgium).

Patients:
All allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome between 2010 and 2015.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Thirty-seven patients, nine of whom underwent noninvasive ventilation at the time of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation, were analyzed. ICU admission occurred at a median of 146 (interquartile range, 27–321) days after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main reason for acute respiratory distress syndrome was pneumonia in 81% of patients. All but one patient undergoing noninvasive ventilation at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation had to be intubated thereafter. Overall, seven patients (19%) survived to hospital discharge and were alive and in remission of their hematologic disease after a follow-up of 18 (range, 5–30) months. Only one of 24 patients (4%) initiated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within 240 days after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survived compared to six of 13 (46%) of those treated thereafter (p < 0.01). Fourteen patients (38%) experienced bleeding events, of which six (16%) were associated with fatal outcomes.

Conclusions:
Discouraging survival rates in patients treated early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation do not support the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in this group. On the contrary, long-term allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients otherwise eligible for full-code ICU management may be potential candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome failing conventional measures.