bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-cadherin bridges cell polarity and spindle orientation to ensure prostate epithelial integrity and prevent carcinogenesis in vivo
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Kai , Ji Zhongzhong , Cheng Chaping , Zhao Huifang , Sheng Yaru , Li Xiaoxia , Fan Liancheng , Dong Baijun , Xue Wei , Gao Wei-Qiang , Zhu Helen He 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCell polarity and correct mitotic spindle positioning are essential for the maintenance of a proper prostate epithelial architecture, and disruption of the two biological features occurs at early stages in prostate tumorigenesis. However, whether and how these two epithelial attributes are connected in vivo is largely unknown. We herein report that conditional genetic deletion of E-cadherin, a key component of adherens junctions, in a mouse model results in loss of prostate luminal cell polarity and randomization of spindle orientations. Critically, E-cadherin ablation causes prostatic hyperplasia which progresses to invasive adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, E-cadherin and the spindle positioning determinant LGN interacts with the PDZ domain of cell polarity protein SCRIB and form a ternary protein complex to bridge cell polarity and cell division orientation. These findings provide a novel mechanism by which E-cadherin acts an anchor to maintain prostate epithelial integrity and to prevent carcinogenesis in vivo.
Genome-wide scans of selection highlight the impact sof biotic and abiotic constraints in natural populations of the model grassBrachypodium distachyon
Authors: Bourgeois Yann , Stritt Christoph , Walser Jean-Claude , Gordon Sean P. , Vogel John P. , Roulin Anne C. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGrasses are essential plants for ecosystem functioning. Quantifying the selective pressures that act on natural variation in grass species is therefore essential regarding biodiversity maintenance. In this study, we investigate the selection pressures that act on two distinct populations of the grass modelBrachypodium distachyonwithout prior knowledge about the traits under selection. We took advantage of whole-genome sequencing data produced for 44 natural accessions ofB. distachyonand used complementary genome-wide scans of selection (GWSS) methods to detect genomic regions under balancing and positive selection. We show that selection is shaping genetic diversity at multiple temporal and spatial scales in this species and affects different genomic regions across the two populations. Gene Ontology annotation of candidate genes reveals that pathogens may constitute important factors of positive and balancing selection inBrachypodium distachyon. We eventually cross-validated our results with QTL data available for leaf-rust resistance in this species and demonstrate that, when paired with classical trait mapping, GWSS can help pinpointing candidate genes for further molecular validation. Thanks to a near-base perfect reference genome and the large collection of freely available natural accessions collected across its natural range,B. distachyonappears as a prime system for studies in ecology, population genomics and evolutionary biology.
An integrated, pipeline-based approach for cryo-EM structure determination and atomic model refinement in the cloud
Authors: Cianfrocco Michael A. , Lahiri Indrajit , DiMaio Frank , Leschziner Andres E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAccess to streamlined computational resources remains a significant bottleneck for new users of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To address this, we have built upon our previous work (Cianfrocco & Leschziner 2015) to develop software tools that will submit cryo-EM analysis routines and atomic model building jobs directly to Amazon Web Services (AWS) from a local computer or laptop. These new software tools (“cryoem-cloud-tools”) have incorporated optimal data movement, security, and cost-saving strategies, giving novice users access to complex cryo-EM data processing pipelines. Integrating these tools into the RELION processing pipeline and graphical user interface we determined a 2.2 Å structure of ß-galactosidase in ~55 hours on AWS. We implemented a similar strategy to submit Rosetta atomic model building and refinement to AWS. These software tools dramatically reduce the barrier for entry of new users to cloud computing for cryo-EM and are freely available at cryoem-tools.cloud.
Stochastic exits from dormancy give rise to heavy-tailed distributions of descendants in bacterial populations
Authors: Wright Erik S. , Vetsigian Kalin H. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTVariance in reproductive success is a major determinant of the degree of genetic drift in a population. While many plants and animals exhibit high variance in their number of progeny, far less is known about these distributions for microorganisms. Here, we used a strain barcoding approach to quantify variability in offspring number among replicate bacterial populations and developed a Bayesian method to infer the distribution of descendants from this variability. We applied our approach to measure the offspring distributions for 5 strains of bacteria from the genusStreptomycesafter germination and growth in a homogenous laboratory environment. The distributions of descendants were heavy-tailed, with a few cells effectively “winning the jackpot” to become a disproportionately large fraction of the population. This extreme variability in reproductive success largely traced back to initial populations of spores stochastically exiting dormancy, which provided early-germinating spores with an exponential advantage. In simulations with multiple dormancy cycles, heavy-tailed distributions of descendants decreased the effective population size by many orders of magnitude and led to allele dynamics differing substantially from classical population genetics models with matching effective population size. Collectively, these results demonstrate that extreme variability in reproductive success can occur even in growth conditions that are far more homogeneous than the natural environment. Thus, extreme variability in reproductive success might be an important factor shaping microbial population dynamics with implications for predicting the fate of beneficial mutations, interpreting sequence variability within populations, and explaining variability in infection outcomes across patients.
Mechanical assembly assistance using marker-less augmented reality system
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Shusheng , Yang Sen , He Weiping , Bai Xiaoliang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a real-time augmented reality (AR)-based assembly assistance system using a coarse-to-fine marker-less tracking strategy. The system automatically adapts to tracking requirement when the topological structure of the assembly changes after each assembly step.

Design/methodology/approach
The prototype system’s process can be divided into two stages: the offline preparation stage and online execution stage. In the offline preparation stage, planning results (assembly sequence, parts position, rotation, etc.) and image features [gradient and oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB)features] are extracted automatically from the assembly planning process. In the online execution stage, too, image features are extracted and matched with those generated offline to compute the camera pose, and planning results stored in XML files are parsed to generate the assembly instructions for manipulators. In the prototype system, the working range of template matching algorithm, LINE-MOD, is first extended by using depth information; then, a fast and robust marker-less tracker that combines the modified LINE-MOD algorithm and ORB tracker is designed to update the camera pose continuously. Furthermore, to track the camera pose stably, a tracking strategy according to the characteristic of assembly is presented herein.

Findings
The tracking accuracy and time of the proposed marker-less tracking approach were evaluated, and the results showed that the tracking method could run at 30 fps and the position and pose tracking accuracy was slightly superior to ARToolKit.

Originality/value
The main contributions of this work are as follows: First, the authors present a coarse-to-fine marker-less tracking method that uses modified state-of-the-art template matching algorithm, LINE-MOD, to find the coarse camera pose. Then, a feature point tracker ORB is activated to calculate the accurate camera pose. The whole tracking pipeline needs, on average, 24.35 ms for each frame, which can satisfy the real-time requirement for AR assembly. On basis of this algorithm, the authors present a generic tracking strategy according to the characteristics of the assembly and develop a generic AR-based assembly assistance platform. Second, the authors present a feature point mismatch-eliminating rule based on the orientation vector. By obtaining stable matching feature points, the proposed system can achieve accurate tracking results. The evaluation of the camera position and pose tracking accuracy result show that the study’s method is slightly superior to ARToolKit markers.
Examining diversity beliefs and leader performance across cultures
Authors: Weber Todd J. , Sadri Golnaz , Gentry William A. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe global nature of today’s business environment, coupled with technological advances, has resulted in leaders working with an increasingly diverse workforce worldwide. An emerging stream of research examines the beliefs that individuals, groups, and organizations have regarding diversity. The purpose of this paper is to add to this work by looking at subordinate perceptions of a leader’s beliefs about diversity and how that relates to a leader’s performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing archival data, the authors examine 33,976 leaders (from 36 different countries and more than 4,000 companies). This study includes performance ratings from each leader’s supervisor as well as perceptual measures of diversity beliefs from their direct reports and a measure of national culture as a moderator.FindingsThe research finds that employee perceptions of a leader’s diversity beliefs are related to supervisor ratings of the target leader’s performance. In addition, the relationship between a leader’s diversity beliefs and the target leader’s performance rating is stronger in cultures high in performance orientation (PO) than in cultures low in PO.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations include the use of an archival data set as well as an assigned country score for our measure of culture.Originality/valueWhile existing research has examined the impact of self-rated measures of diversity beliefs, there is little empirical research that examines how employee perceptions of a leader’s diversity beliefs will impact performance. The authors address this need by examining whether employee-rated perceptions of the leader’s diversity beliefs are related to a supervisor-rated measure of leader performance. In addition, the authors examine the moderating influence of societal culture on this relationship.
Public library mobile apps in Scotland: views from the local authorities and the public
Authors: Kerr Alan , Pennington Diane Rasmussen 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine current public library apps in Scotland and assess Scottish public library users’ opinions of those apps.Design/methodology/approachTwo qualitative and quantitative surveys were conducted. One survey was distributed to each Scottish local authority, the entities responsible for public libraries and Scotland. The second survey was made available to the public. The results were analysed with nonparametric statistics and content analysis.FindingsAll 32 authorities responded. In all, 17 authorities had an app, two had one in development, and 13 had none. Offering an alternative means of communication to patrons was the main reason for providing an app, while cost and low priority were the main reasons provided against app provision. Authorities were satisfied with the core services offered in their apps, but less so with others. No authorities had consulted the public regarding app provision. The public (n=185), while satisfied with current library apps, criticised the complex procedures required to access external services. Patrons from authorities without an app stated interest in apps.Research limitations/implicationsIt is vital for public libraries to implement at least core services that are optimised for mobile devices. They should consult with the public before and throughout the development process to ensure they are happy with the implementation.Originality/valueThis is the first known study to explore public library app use in Scotland as well as one of the first in public library app use worldwide.
Planners and aging professionals collaborate for livable communities
Authors: Firestone Stephanie Krone , Keyes Laura , Greenhouse Esther 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share the findings from a learning intervention aimed at facilitating more regular and effective collaboration across the planning and aging sectors in order to advance Livable Communities for All Ages (LCA).Design/methodology/approachA half-day summit that convened over 250 aging sector professionals and planners. Data from these conversations, as well as a pre-event survey, post-event evaluations, and a six-month post-event follow-up survey provide the findings for the discussion.FindingsThe results revealed that the participants increasingly recognized the value of cross-sector relationships to their work on LCA. Further, the success on current projects was highly attributed to the trust gained from a previous experience of aging and planning professionals working together.Research limitations/implicationsResearchers relied on a purposive sample of respondents already registered to attend the Livable Communities Summit, who were likely to be somewhat knowledgeable about the topic of age-friendly planning. While not generalizable to the broader professional fields of the aging and planning sectors, the results inform on the importance of cross-sector collaboration in the context of planning communities supportive of individuals across the lifespan.Practical implicationsExisting challenges to the local residents in a broad swath of areas including housing, transportation, social isolation, purpose and more, are exacerbated in a rapidly aging world that does not advance policies, practices, and built environments to make communities more livable for residents of all ages.Originality/valueThe intention of this research is to contribute to the limited existing literature on collaboration between professionals in the planning and aging fields and to stimulate the increased and improved cross-sector relationships.
What is needed to prepare speech pathologists to work in adult palliative care?
Authors: Pascoe Ashleigh , Breen Lauren J. , Cocks Naomi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpeech pathologists have a pivotal role in palliative care, assisting patients with swallowing and communication disorders, yet very little is known about the preparedness of speech pathologists to work in this field.AimsTo investigate the preparedness of speech pathologists for working in palliative care. The term ‘palliative care’ was viewed as an encompassing umbrella term incorporating the management/reduction of symptoms and improvement in a person's quality of life at any point of the disease progression.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were Australian‐trained speech pathologists who provided adult palliative care services. An online questionnaire was used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from practising speech pathologists. Qualitative data were analysed and interpreted using conventional content analysis. Descriptive statistics were analysed via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 22. Non‐parametric tests (chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U‐test) were used for further analysis.Outcomes & ResultsThe majority (70%) of participants indicated that their university training did not prepare them to practice in palliative care. Participants who received palliative care education at the tertiary level were significantly more prepared to work with palliative patients than those who had not; however, only a minority (27%) had received such training. Just over half (57%) reported having completed post‐university professional development in palliative care. The speech pathologist's role in palliative care was also highlighted, with speech pathologists outlining their contribution to the assessment of patients’ communication and swallowing abilities. In addition, recommendations for palliative care content to be incorporated into university curriculum were suggested.Conclusions & ImplicationsSpeech pathologists can make important contributions to end‐of‐life care, but there is much scope for improving the availability and quality of university and post‐university palliative care training opportunities so that people receiving palliative care are best supported.
Proton‐pumping rhodopsins are abundantly expressed by microbial eukaryotes in a high‐Arctic fjord
Authors: Vader Anna , Laughinghouse Haywood D. , Griffiths Colin , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Gabrielsen Tove M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryProton‐pumping rhodopsins provide an alternative pathway to photosynthesis by which solar energy can enter the marine food web. Rhodopsin genes are widely found in marine bacteria, also in the Arctic, and were recently reported from several eukaryotic lineages. So far, little is known about rhodopsin expression in Arctic eukaryotes. In this study, we used metatranscriptomics and 18S rDNA tag sequencing to examine the mid‐summer function and composition of marine protists (size 0.45–10 µm) in the high‐Arctic Billefjorden (Spitsbergen), especially focussing on the expression of microbial proton‐pumping rhodopsins. Rhodopsin transcripts were highly abundant, at a level similar to that of genes involved in photosynthesis. Phylogenetic analyses placed the environmental rhodopsins within disparate eukaryotic lineages, including dinoflagellates, stramenopiles, haptophytes and cryptophytes. Sequence comparison indicated the presence of several functional types, including xanthorhodopsins and a eukaryotic clade of proteorhodopsin. Transcripts belonging to the proteorhodopsin clade were also abundant in published metatranscriptomes from other oceanic regions, suggesting a global distribution. The diversity and abundance of rhodopsins show that these light‐driven proton pumps play an important role in Arctic microbial eukaryotes. Understanding this role is imperative to predicting the future of the Arctic marine ecosystem faced by a changing light climate due to diminishing sea‐ice.
Genomic insights into the Acidobacteria reveal strategies for their success in terrestrial environments
Authors: Eichorst Stephanie A. , Trojan Daniela , Roux Simon , Herbold Craig , Rattei Thomas , Woebken Dagmar 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMembers of the phylum Acidobacteria are abundant and ubiquitous across soils. We performed a large‐scale comparative genome analysis spanning subdivisions 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 23 (n = 24) with the goal to identify features to help explain their prevalence in soils and understand their ecophysiology. Our analysis revealed that bacteriophage integration events along with transposable and mobile elements influenced the structure and plasticity of these genomes. Low‐ and high‐affinity respiratory oxygen reductases were detected in multiple genomes, suggesting the capacity for growing across different oxygen gradients. Among many genomes, the capacity to use a diverse collection of carbohydrates, as well as inorganic and organic nitrogen sources (such as via extracellular peptidases), was detected – both advantageous traits in environments with fluctuating nutrient environments. We also identified multiple soil acidobacteria with the potential to scavenge atmospheric concentrations of H2, now encompassing mesophilic soil strains within the subdivision 1 and 3, in addition to a previously identified thermophilic strain in subdivision 4. This large‐scale acidobacteria genome analysis reveal traits that provide genomic, physiological and metabolic versatility, presumably allowing flexibility and versatility in the challenging and fluctuating soil environment.
Fresh‐Cut Onion: A Review on Processing, Health Benefits, and Shelf‐Life
Authors: Bahram‐Parvar Maryam , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ready‐to‐eat produce market has grown rapidly because of the health benefits and convenience associated with these products. Onion is widely used as an ingredient in an extensive range of recipes from breakfast to dinner and in nearly every ethnic cuisine. However, cutting/chopping of onion is a nuisance to many consumers due to the lachrymatory properties of the volatiles generated that bring tears to eyes and leave a distinct odor on hands. As a result, there is now an increasing demand for fresh‐cut, value‐added, and ready‐to‐eat onion in households, as well as large‐scale uses in retail, food service, and various food industries, mainly due to the end‐use convenience. Despite these benefits, fresh‐cut onion products present considerable challenges due to tissue damage, resulting in chemical and physiological reactions that limit product shelf‐life. Intensive discoloration, microbial growth, softening, and off‐odor are the typical deteriorations that need to be controlled through the application of suitable preservation methods. This article reviews the literature related to the fresh‐cut onion, focusing on its constituents, nutritional and health benefits, production methods, quality changes throughout storage, and technologies available to increase product shelf‐life.
Don't just do something, stand there! The value and art of deliberate clinical inertia
Authors: Keijzers Gerben , Cullen Louise , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Fatovich Daniel M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt can be difficult to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatments, which are a form of low‐value care. Yet every intervention in medicine has potential harms, which may outweigh the potential benefits. Deliberate clinical inertia is the art of doing nothing as a positive response. This paper provides suggestions on how to incorporate deliberate clinical inertia into our daily clinical practice, and gives an overview of current initiatives such as ‘Choosing Wisely’ and the ‘Right Care Alliance’. The decision to ‘do nothing’ can be complex due to competing factors, and barriers to implementation are highlighted. Several strategies to promote deliberate clinical inertia are outlined, with an emphasis on shared decision‐making. Preventing medical harm must become one of the pillars of modern health care and the art of not intervening, that is, deliberate clinical inertia, can be a novel patient‐centred quality indicator to promote harm reduction.