bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the transfer of people living with HIV attending primary healthcare facilities in South Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Odayar Jasantha , Phillips Tamsin K , Hennessey Claudine , Myer Landon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
People living with HIV may move between health facilities: this is called ‘transfer’, and includes up- and down-referral based on clinical condition and lateral transfer (e.g. between primary healthcare [PHC] facilities for reasons such as geographic mobility or stigma). Transfers involving PHC facilities occur frequently and are associated with viraemia and disengagement. We reviewed the South African National Department of Health (NDOH) and Southern African HIV Clinicians Society websites and contacted NDOH officials to identify national guidelines applicable to HIV care in South Africa for recommendations on transfers involving PHC facilities. In total, 21/24 (88%) documents mentioned transfer, using the terms ‘referral’, ‘linkage’, ‘transfer’, ‘transition’ and ‘handover’. Guidelines defined ‘linkage to care’ as connecting individuals to care after HIV testing, but other terms were not well defined. Documents emphasised transfers between different levels of the health system, and transfers between PHC facilities received limited attention. The transfer process was delineated for linkage to care, up- and down-referrals, but not for transfers between PHC facilities. Clinical management of patients transferring between PHC facilities and tracing of patients who requested transfers and missed their visits were not specified. Overall, transfers between PHC facilities were not well addressed and require attention to improve HIV treatment outcomes.
Research Buddy—From a Framework for Overcoming Language Barriers to the Development of a Qualitative Citizen Science Platform
Authors: Bittenbinder Sven , Weiler Tim , Paluch Richard , Kirschsieper Dennis , Specovius Oliver , Müller Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Students benefit from international study programmes in fields such as HCI. However, user-centred research in a foreign country has some challenges, especially language hurdles when going into the field and conducting ethnographic and participatory studies. A particular obstacle is added when targeting groups that do not speak English, such as in Germany, where English was not taught in schools until the 1970s. The task and challenge of the present project, ‘Research Buddy’, is to bring together young international students and older people as co-researchers in Germany. We describe the participatory development of the concept of a matching platform and its design. In focus groups with older people, university faculty and students, requirements for a collaborative research infrastructure were jointly identified and prototypically implemented. The empirical results focus on the possibilities the platform offers for qualitative citizen science in the field of age tech.
Structurally complete finitary extensions of positive Łukasiewicz logic
Authors: Aglianò Paolo , Manfucci Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study $\mathcal{M}\mathcal{V}^{+}$, i.e. the positive fragment of Łukasiewicz infinite-valued Logic $\mathcal{M}\mathcal{V}$. Using mainly algebraic techniques we characterize all the finitary extensions of $\mathcal{M}\mathcal{V}^{+}$ that are structurally complete and those that are hereditarily structurally complete.
Protocol summary of a randomized phase III study: comparing systemic therapy with and without debulking surgery (primary tumour resection) for clinical stage IVA (cT1-2bN0-1M1a) non-small cell lung cancer with radiologically undetermined pleural dissemination JCOG2103 (DEBULK-LUNG)
Authors: Sekino Yuta , Hishida Tomoyuki , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Wakabayashi Masashi , Mitome Noriko , Shiono Satoshi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Nosaki Kaname , Aokage Keiju , Horinouchi Hidehito , Fukuda Haruhiko , Ohe Yuichiro , Watanabe Shun-ichi ,   the Lung Cancer Surgical Study Group (LCSSG) and the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who present with radiologically undetermined malignant pleural dissemination or incidental surgical diagnosis of the same, surgery is generally not the preferred option; systemic therapy is favoured. However, there is no consensus on incorporating primary site resection into the treatment plan. Retrospective analyses hint at potential benefits of combining systemic therapy with primary site resection, but prospective studies have yet to confirm these findings. Consequently, we have planned a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled phase III trial to assess the efficacy of adding primary site resection to standard systemic therapy for stage IVA (cT1-2bN0-1M1a) NSCLC patients with radiologically undetermined pleural dissemination. The primary endpoint is overall survival. We aim to enroll 170 patients from 71 institutions over 5 years. This trial is registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) under study number jRCTs031220666.
Association of immunoglobulin E levels with glioma risk and survival
Authors: Guerra Geno , Nakase Taishi , Kachuri Linda , McCoy Lucie , Hansen Helen M , Rice Terri , Wiemels Joseph L , Wiencke John K , Molinaro Annette M , Wrensch Margaret , Francis Stephen S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous epidemiological studies have reported an association of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels with reduced glioma risk, but the association between IgE and glioma prognosis has not been characterized. This study aimed to examine how sex, tumor subtype, and IgE class modulate the association of serum IgE levels with glioma risk and survival.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study using participants from the University of California San Francisco Adult Glioma Study (1997-2010). Serum IgE levels for total, respiratory, and food allergy were measured in adults diagnosed with glioma (n = 1319) and cancer-free control individuals (n = 1139) matched based on age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Logistic regression was adjusted for patient demographics to assess the association between IgE levels and glioma risk. Multivariable Cox regression adjusted for patient-specific and tumor-specific factors compared survival between the elevated and normal IgE groups. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Elevated total IgE was associated with reduced risk of IDH wild-type glioma (risk ratio [RR] = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.86) and IDH-mutant glioma (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.85). In multivariable Cox regression, positive respiratory IgE was associated with improved survival for IDH wild-type glioma (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.93). The reduction in mortality risk was statistically significant in female individuals only (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.98), with an improvement in median survival of 6.9 months (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Elevated serum IgE was associated with improved prognosis for IDH wild-type glioma, with a more pronounced protective effect in female than male individuals, which has implications for the future study of IgE-based immunotherapies for glioma.
Current status of the working environment of brachytherapy in Japan: a nationwide survey-based analysis focusing on radiotherapy technologists and medical physicists
Authors: Kojima Toru , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Kurooka Masahiko , Tohyama Naoki , Tsuruoka Ichiro , Nemoto Mikio , Shimomura Kohei , Myojoyama Atsushi , Ikushima Hitoshi , Ohno Tatsuya , Ohnishi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Brachytherapy (BT), especially in high dose rate (HDR), has become increasingly complex owing to the use of image-guided techniques and the introduction of advanced applicators. Consequently, radiotherapy technologists and medical physicists (RTMPs) require substantial training to enhance their knowledge and technical skills in image-guided brachytherapy. However, the current status of the RTMP workload, individual abilities and quality control (QC) of BT units in Japan remains unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a questionnaire survey from June to August 2022 in all 837 radiation treatment facilities in Japan involving RTMPs. This survey focused on gynecological cancers treated with HDR-BT (GY-HDR) and permanent prostate implantation using low-dose-rate BT (PR-LDR). The responses revealed that the average working time in the overall process for HDR varied: 120 min for intracavitary BT and 180 min for intracavitary BT combined with interstitial BT. The QC implementation rate, in accordance with domestic guidelines, was 65% for GY-HDR and 44% for PR-LDR, which was lower than the 69% observed for external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Additionally, the implementation rate during regular working hours was low. Even among RTMP working in facilities performing BT, the proportion of those able to perform QC for BT units was ~30% for GY-HDR and &lt;20% for PR-LDR, significantly lower than the 80% achieved for EBRT. This study highlights the vulnerabilities of Japan’s BT unit QC implementation structure. Addressing these issues requires appropriate training of the RTMP staff to safely perform BT tasks and improvements in practical education and training systems.
The Mental Health System
Authors: Hansch Greg , Lovitt Matthew , Hyderali Sheriyar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Individuals living with mental illness often experience significant barriers to access for appropriate and timely services and supports, including stigma, bias, and limited awareness of services. Concerns related to system capacity and systemic inequities often create additional burden for potential service recipients, especially those from underserved or marginalized communities. To overcome existing barriers to care, mental health providers and agencies will need to redesign their services to emphasize person-centered care that addresses negative perceptions of mental illness or the mental health care system; top-down, clinician-driven services that neglect the preferences and goals of the service recipient; and the systemic factors that limit or discourage treatment engagement for certain individuals living with mental illness.
Reframing the Wicked Problem of Brain Health Care through Design
Authors: Jones Katherine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Several design methods are used to address the complex challenges of improving the system of mental health care delivery as part of the redesign of an adult, inpatient psychiatric hospital in Austin, Texas. The author describes how six “acts of design” contributed to the person-centered design of the new state hospital opening in 2024. In Design Act 1, the leadership structure was grounded in participatory design concepts. In Design Act 2, project leadership established core principles. In Design Act 3, human-centered design field research and the key insights focus on the biggest opportunities and needs. In Design Act 4, a systems design approach generated a framework for a Brain Health Continuum that became the organizing. In Design Act 5, field research offers experience design attributes for the architects, and in Design Act 6, communication design and community engagement efforts generated recommendations for more inclusive, less stigmatizing terminology.
Pulling It All Together
Authors: Harris Sydney S. , Strakowski Stephen M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on previous chapters, this final chapter describes and integrates opportunities for solutions to guide future approaches toward redesigning the US mental health system. A cohesive path is suggested to eliminate silos toward providing a high quality mental health care continuum for every US community and resident. Ultimately, approaches shared in this book have potential to inform a national strategy that improves US mental health outcomes for every citizen.
Connecting the Dots: History Gathering in Anxiety Diagnosis
Authors: Martinez-Sosa Natalie , Harvey Philip D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, the case of Ms. A, a 33-year-old married female, serves as a starting point to explore the complexities of diagnosing anxiety disorders. Ms. A presents with a year-long struggle marked by excessive worry, fear, and physical symptoms such as chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Her anxiety has impacted her work, relationships, and overall well-being. Her family history and the persistence of her symptoms raise red flags for the presence of an anxiety disorder. This chapter emphasizes the importance of history gathering to accurately diagnose and develop a treatment strategy for individuals with anxiety disorders. It underscores that anxiety disorders can manifest in various ways and that family history, comorbidities, and physical causes should be considered during assessment. To aid in diagnosis, this chapter provides guidance on conducting a mental status examination and reviews screening tools that can assist clinicians in assessing symptom severity and comorbid conditions.
When Fear Strikes: Differentiating Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
Authors: Hsiang Jeremy C. , Saveanu Radu V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Ms. H, a 32-year-old woman who has been experiencing recurrent panic attacks. She initially presents to the emergency department with chest pain and tachycardia, which has become a recurring occurrence in the past 2 months. Despite an extensive cardiac workup, no cardiac issues are found, and it becomes clear that her symptoms are related to panic attacks. This chapter presents the differences between individual panic attacks and panic disorder. It also delves into the differential diagnosis of panic disorder, considering factors such as substance abuse, medication side effects, and underlying medical conditions. Finally, it presents treatment options, including medication and psychotherapy. In conclusion, this chapter emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by these conditions.
Fearing the Outside World: Understanding Agoraphobia
Authors: Shukri Ghaith , Cortes Adriana M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Ms. S, a 22-year-old woman with no previous psychiatric history who seeks professional help due to her intense fear and anxiety on public transportation and in crowded spaces. She fears having panic attacks in these situations and not being able to seek immediate help. This fear has led her to avoid various situations and engage in safety-seeking behaviors. This chapter discusses agoraphobia, which is characterized by fear and avoidance of situations where escape or help may not be readily available in case of paniclike symptoms. Agoraphobia can severely impact an individual’s day-to-day life, leading to social isolation and loss of independence. The evaluation process and differential diagnoses are also discussed. Management approaches for agoraphobia are presented, with a focus on a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of agoraphobia, its diagnosis, differentiation from other disorders, evaluation, comorbidities, and treatment strategies.
Beneath the Surface: Uncovering Medical Causes of Anxiety
Authors: Hadjikyriakou Maria , Rueda-Lara Maria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Ms. R, a 45-year-old woman who presents to the clinic with symptoms of rapid breathing, chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath, and an overwhelming fear of dying. She has been experiencing these symptoms intermittently for a week. She is undergoing treatment with tamoxifen for breast cancer, and her recent cancer diagnosis, treatment, and associated stress have contributed to her increasing worry. However, she has never experienced such attacks before. Her history of smoking and vital signs raises concerns for a possible underlying medical cause for her symptoms. This chapter emphasizes the importance of considering the broader clinical context when evaluating anxiety accompanied by physical symptoms. It discusses the concept of anxiety disorder due to another medical condition, where anxiety is a direct result of a medical disorder. Various therapeutic approaches are mentioned, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment plans tailored to the patient’s medical conditions and preferences.
Every Mirror Reflects a Different Flaw
Authors: Stewart Kendyl , Ezzeddine Reem , Crocco Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Ms. G, a 24-year-old graduate student struggling with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). She obsessively focuses on minor facial imperfections, despite her clear skin, and resorts to excessive makeup and mirror checking as coping mechanisms. Her BDD has had a profound impact on her life, leading to social isolation and hindering her academic and career pursuits. Patients with BDD often seek medical treatment for their perceived defects, making it common among those seeking cosmetic procedures. Assessment and differential diagnosis are crucial, as BDD can be mistaken for other conditions. Patients with BDD typically lack insight into their condition and may hold delusional beliefs about their appearance. Treatment for BDD is intensive and should be carried out by mental health specialists. Medication and psychotherapy, often in combination, are the primary treatment modalities.
What If I Fall and No One’s Around to Help?
Authors: Conley Kelly , Luca Luminita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the fear of falling (FOF) in older adults, focusing on the case of Ms. D, a 73-year-old woman with osteoporosis and depression. Ms. D’s FOF developed after a fall incident, leading to a decline in her physical and social activities. FOF is a prevalent concern among older adults, even those who have not experienced falls. FOF can create a self-perpetuating cycle where individuals avoid physical activities, leading to deconditioning and an increased risk of falls. It is associated with frailty, decreased lower extremity strength, and functional disabilities, making it a significant predictor of future falls. This chapter explores various treatment approaches for FOF. Overall, FOF is a significant concern for older adults, impacting their physical and social well-being. Early intervention, including physical and psychological approaches, can help individuals regain confidence, reduce FOF, and maintain their independence.
I Can’t Believe He Did This to Me! He Put a Curse on Me!
Authors: Valdes Ahmed , McLeod-Bryant Stephen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the complex interplay between cultural factors and anxiety. It presents the case of Ms. B, a 68-year-old woman who exhibits unusual behaviors and extreme anxiety, possibly influenced by her cultural background and immigration experience. This chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding a patient’s cultural identity, which encompasses language, religion, spirituality, family structures, customs, and more. These cultural elements significantly impact how individuals experience and express symptoms of anxiety. Treatment for anxiety disorders should be culturally sensitive, taking into account the patient’s cultural background, beliefs, and specific stressors. This chapter also highlights the importance of addressing somatic complaints and beliefs about medications to enhance treatment adherence. Stigma related to mental health in certain cultures should be acknowledged and addressed. In summary, this chapter underscores the crucial role of culture in shaping the manifestation and treatment of anxiety disorders and emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive interventions.
Scientific Journals and the Dynamic Publication Landscape
Authors: Fontanarosa Phil B. , Bauchner Howard , Flanagin Annette 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The biomedical publication landscape is dynamic and constantly evolving. As this chapter explains, the number, focus, format, and types of scientific journals continue to increase and expand substantially. Along with this increase, the format and types of publications continue to evolve. Open access journals are increasingly available, more journals are published in electronic format only, and most journals have expanded electronic content dissemination to reach their intended audience. This chapter discusses these developments in scientific publishing, reviews several metrics that enable comparisons among journals and journal articles, and describes how authors can use this information in selecting journals to which they submit their work.
Creating Effective and Efficient Tables
Authors: Schriger David L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tables are commonly used for presentation of data and other information in scientific reports and when well planned, appropriately constructed, and properly used, tables highlight the key findings and important data in a scientific report and contribute substantially to the communication of a clear, cohesive message. This chapter presents guidelines for creating effective tables in manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals, highlights that a well-constructed, effective table has a structure that is homologous to its purpose (ie, presentation of archival information or presentation of research data), and emphasizes that the first step in creating a table is to determine what information is to be conveyed. Examples of tables are presented and illustrate the use of tables for reporting characteristics of the study population, study results, and adverse events, with detailed suggestions for conveying information in tables efficiently and effectively.
Review Articles
Authors: Fontanarosa Phil B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reviews provide up-to-date, state-of-the-science summaries of the literature and, depending on the journal, may address a wide variety of topics relevant for the readership, such as clinical medicine, public or global health, health policy, biomedical research, or other topics. This chapter describes several types of reviews, including systematic reviews, narrative reviews, scoping reviews, and other types of review articles. It provides guidance on preparing review manuscripts for submission to biomedical journals and discusses factors authors should consider before and when writing a review. A section on guidelines for reviews provides general recommendations for preparing review manuscripts and includes specific guidance for preparing review manuscripts for several major biomedical journals.
Other Opinion Articles
Authors: Zylke Jody W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Opinion articles (which may be called Viewpoints, Commentaries, Perspectives, or other terms) are commonly published in biomedical journals and often address timely clinical topics or issues involving policy, law, or ethics. This chapter provides guidelines and suggestions for writing informative and compelling opinion manuscripts. As explained in the chapter, these articles may discuss topics for which there is insufficient evidence and present the authors’ point of view, particularly for situations in which readers need to rely on the experience or advice of experts. Opinion articles may or may not be solicited by the editors, and usually are not linked to another article in the journal. Authors of opinion manuscripts should ensure than the manuscript is evidence based and discusses both sides of an issue as much as possible, and they should be familiar with the journal and its format for opinion articles.