bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Cellular Therapies: The Potential to Regenerate and Restore Tolerance in Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases
Authors: Ciccocioppo Rachele , Cangemi Giuseppina Cristina , Kruzliak Peter , Corazza Gino Roberto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies, including celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong disabling conditions whose cure is still an unmet need, despite the great strides made in understanding their complex pathogenesis. The advent of cellular therapies, mainly based on the use of stem cells, represents a great step forward thanks to their multitarget strategy. Both hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have been employed in the treatment of refractory cases with promising results. The lack of immunogenicity makes MSC more suitable for therapeutic purposes as their infusion may be performed across histocompatibility locus antigen barriers without risk of rejection. The best outcome has been obtained when treating fistulizing Crohn's disease with local injections of MSC. In addition, both HSC and MSC proved successful in promoting regeneration of intestinal mucosa, and favoring the expansion of a T-cell regulatory subset. By virtue of the ability to favor mucosal homeostasis, this last cell population has been exploited in clinical trials, with inconsistent results. Finally, the recent identification of the epithelial stem cell marker has opened up the possibility of tissue engineering, with an array of potential applications for intestinal diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of these interconnected therapeutic strategies are still poorly understood. It is conceivable that over the next few years their role will become clearer as the biological interactions with injured tissues and the hierarchy by which they deliver their action are unraveled through a continuous moving from bench to bedside and vice versa.
Tool trouble: Challenges with using self‐report data to evaluate long‐term chemistry teacher professional development
Authors: Herrington Deborah G. , Yezierski Ellen J. , Bancroft Senetta F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the ability of different instruments, independently developed and traditionally used for measuring science teachers’ beliefs in short‐term interventions, to longitudinally measure teachers’ changing beliefs. We compared the ability of three self‐report instruments (Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument Form A [STEBI], Teaching of Science as Inquiry instrument [TSI], Inquiry Teaching Beliefs instrument [ITB]) and one observational instrument (Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol [RTOP]) to appropriately measure high school chemistry teachers’ beliefs as they engaged in a two and a half year professional development program. Collectively our findings from these four instruments, across three separate cohort of teachers (N = 16), indicated conflicting changes in teacher beliefs. For example, the STEBI indicated teachers’ self‐efficacy remained unchanged or increased while the TSI indicated a concurrent decrease in self‐efficacy throughout the PD program. Additionally, the ITB seemed to indicate a decrease in teachers’ knowledge of inquiry while their interview data and RTOP scores indicated a concurrent increase in their knowledge of and ability to enact inquiry‐based practices. We reconcile these conflicting results and discuss the implications these findings have for validly and reliably measuring science teacher belief changes within longer duration PD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:1055–1081, 2016
Polymeric nanoparticles in development for treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases
Authors: Lim Young H. , Tiemann Kristin M. , Hunstad David A. , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: March 2016

Serious lung infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis‐related bacterial diseases, are increasingly difficult to treat and can be life‐threatening. Over the last decades, an array of therapeutics and/or diagnostics have been exploited for management of pulmonary infections, but the advent of drug‐resistant bacteria and the adverse conditions experienced upon reaching the lung environment urge the development of more effective delivery vehicles. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the approach to circumventing these barriers, enabling better management of pulmonary infectious diseases. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle‐based therapeutics have emerged as promising candidates, allowing for programmed design of multi‐functional nanodevices and, subsequently, improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional routes of delivery. Direct delivery to the lungs of such nanoparticles, loaded with appropriate antimicrobials and equipped with ‘smart’ features to overcome various mucosal and cellular barriers, is a promising approach to localize and concentrate therapeutics at the site of infection while minimizing systemic exposure to the therapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent progress (2005–2015) important for the rational design of nanostructures, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for the treatment of pulmonary infections with highlights on the influences of size, shape, composition, and surface characteristics of antimicrobial‐bearing polymeric nanoparticles on their biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:842–871. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1401This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Emerging Genetic Counselor Roles within the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: as Industry Interest Grows in Rare Genetic Disorders, How are Genetic Counselors Joining the Discussion?
Authors: Field Tessa , Brewster Stephanie Jo , Towne Meghan , Campion MaryAnn W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTraditionally, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry (BPI) has focused drug development at the mass‐market level targeting common medical issues. However, a recent trend is the development of therapies for orphan or rare disorders, including many genetic disorders. Developing treatments for genetic disorders requires an understanding of the needs of the community and translating genomic information to clinical and non‐clinical audiences. The core skills of genetic counselors (GCs) include a deep knowledge of genetics and ability to communicate complex information to a broad audience, making GCs a choice fit for this shift in drug development. To date there is limited data defining the roles GCs hold within this industry. This exploratory study aimed to define the roles and motivation of GCs working in BPI, assess job satisfaction, and identify translatable skills and current gaps in GC training programs. The authors surveyed 26 GCs working in BPI in the United States; 79 % work for companies focused on rare disorders. GC positions in BPI are growing, with 57 % of respondents being the first GC in their role. GCs in BPI continue to utilize core genetic counseling competencies, though 72 % felt their training did not fully prepare them for BPI. These data suggest opportunities for exposure to BPI in GC training to better prepare future generations of GCs for these career opportunities. GC satisfaction was high in BPI, notably in areas traditionally reported as less satisfying on the National Society for Genetic Counselors Professional Status Survey: salary and advancement opportunities. BPI's growing interest in rare disorders represents a career opportunity for GCs, addressing both historic areas of dissatisfaction for GCs and BPI's genomic communication needs.
An investigation of negative affect, reactivity, and distress tolerance as predictors of disordered eating attitudes across adolescence
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Felton Julia W. , Borges Allison M. , Manasse Stephanie M. , Murray Helen B. , Lejuez Carl W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe current study examined internalizing symptoms, affect reactivity, and distress intolerance as prospective predictors of increases in eating disorder (ED)‐attitudes during adolescence. Adolescents (n = 206) took part in a six‐year longitudinal study examining the development of psychopathology. Latent growth curve analysis was used to examine associations between predictors and later ED‐attitudes. Distress intolerance and internalizing symptoms were associated with ED‐attitudes at baseline, but did not predict increases over time. Affect reactivity, however, was significantly associated with increases in ED‐attitudes over time. Baseline affect reactivity did not interact with baseline distress intolerance to predict increases in ED‐attitudes; however higher baseline internalizing symptoms interacted with distress intolerance to predict increases in ED‐attitudes across adolescence. These results are among the first to document that affect reactivity alone and the combined effect of high internalizing symptoms and high distress intolerance early in adolescence are risk factors for the later development of ED‐attitudes.
A lasting effect of postnatal sevoflurane anesthesia on the composition of NMDA receptor subunits in rat prefrontal cortex
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Shen Fengyan , Xu Daojie , Zhao Xuan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia and studies have shown that it is capable of inducing neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive disorders in the developing brain. However, the evidence that anesthetics are toxic to the human brain is insufficient. N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, critical for learning and memory, display expression changes with age and can be modulated by inhalation anesthetics. Generally, NMDA receptor (NR) type 1 is expressed at birth, peaks around the third postnatal week, and then declines slightly to adult levels. NR2Bs slowly decrease and NR2As gradually increase during postnatal development. These developmental switches of NMDA receptor subunits composition mark the transition from immature to adult neural processing and allow for the final maturation of associative learning abilities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on NMDA receptor subunits composition in the developing rat brain and related behavioral disorders. Six‐day‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into either a control group (group con) or a sevoflurane group (group sevo). Group sevo inhaled 2.1% sevoflurane carried by 70% oxygen for 2 h each day from postnatal day (PND) 6 to PND 8. The same procedure, without applying the sevoflurane, was executed in group con. The membrane protein expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus was assessed at the end of the three days of anesthesia and at PND 21. An open field test was carried out to assess spontaneous locomotion on PNDs 21, 28 and 35. Y maze performance was used to assess attention and working memory on PND 28. Sevoflurane induced upregulation of NR1 and NR2B in the PFC at the end of anesthesia. On PND 21, NR1 and NR2B receptors were significantly increased whereas NR2A receptors were significantly decreased in the PFC in group sevo. Sevoflurane‐treated rats showed hyper‐locomotion and impairment of working memory in the behavior tests. These results indicate that repeated sevoflurane anesthesia at early stage of life can induce a long lasting effect of interfering with NMDA receptor subunits composition in rat PFC. These changes may contribute to the effects of sevoflurane on neuronal development and subsequent neurobehavioral disorders.
Outcomes and prognostic factors of simple partial cystectomy for localized bladder urothelial cell carcinoma
Authors: Shao I‐Hung , Chang Ying‐Hsu , Yu Kai‐Jie , Lin Po‐Hung , Liu Chung‐Yi , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Pang See‐Tong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRadical cystectomy has remained the gold standard for recurrent superficial or muscle invasive bladder tumor. However, partial cystectomy still has a role in those who reject or have contraindications for radical cystectomy. In this study, we sought to identify predictors of bladder recurrence and overall survival after simple partial cystectomy. We included 27 patients with bladder tumor who received simple partial cystectomy without pelvic lymph node dissection between March 2000 and September 2013. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy was prescribed according to the pathological results. Parameters were compared on the basis of bladder recurrence and overall survival. During a mean follow‐up time of 39 months, five patients (18.5%) experienced bladder recurrence. An older age, a higher pathological stage, positive surgical margins, and distant metastases were significant predictors of overall survival (p = 0.031, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.011, respectively). Meanwhile, previous bladder instillation and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of bladder recurrence (p = 0.026 and p = 0.027, respectively). The rate of consecutive distant metastases (33.3%) was almost twice the rate of bladder recurrence (18.5%), and six patients developed consecutive distant metastases without first experiencing bladder recurrence. In patients who received a simple partial cystectomy as an alternative treatment, previous bladder instillation and positive surgical margins were significant predictors of bladder recurrence. Patients with an older age, positive surgical margins, and consecutive distant metastases had worse overall survival. Partial cystectomy with routine lymph node dissection may be a better option for achieving favorable long‐term outcomes.
Role of natural convection in the dissolution of sessile droplets
Authors: Dietrich Erik , Wildeman Sander , Visser Claas Willem , Hofhuis Kevin , Kooij E. Stefan , Zandvliet Harold J. W. , Lohse Detlef 
Published: March 2016

The dissolution process of small (initial (equivalent) radius $R_{0}<1$ mm) long-chain alcohol (of various types) sessile droplets in water is studied, disentangling diffusive and convective contributions. The latter can arise for high solubilities of the alcohol, as the density of the alcohol–water mixture is then considerably less than that of pure water, giving rise to buoyancy-driven convection. The convective flow around the droplets is measured, using micro-particle image velocimetry (${\rm\mu}$PIV) and the schlieren technique. When non-dimensionalizing the system, we find a universal $Sh\sim Ra^{1/4}$ scaling relation for all alcohols (of different solubilities) and all droplets in the convective regime. Here $Sh$ is the Sherwood number (dimensionless mass flux) and $Ra$ is the Rayleigh number (dimensionless density difference between clean and alcohol-saturated water). This scaling implies the scaling relation ${\it\tau}_{c}\propto R_{0}^{5/4}$ of the convective dissolution time ${\it\tau}_{c}$, which is found to agree with experimental data. We show that in the convective regime the plume Reynolds number (the dimensionless velocity) of the detaching alcohol-saturated plume follows $Re_{p}\sim Sc^{-1}Ra^{5/8}$, which is confirmed by the ${\rm\mu}$PIV data. Here, $Sc$ is the Schmidt number. The convective regime exists when $Ra>Ra_{t}$, where $Ra_{t}=12$ is the transition $Ra$ number as extracted from the data. For $Ra\leqslant Ra_{t}$ and smaller, convective transport is progressively overtaken by diffusion and the above scaling relations break down.
The IAU Program: Exchange of Astronomers
Authors: Jørgensen Henning E. 
Published: March 2016

The IAU program on Exchange of Astronomers is directed by Commission 38. The details of the program and the way it is carried out are decribed in the IAU Information Bulletins under the heading “Guidelines for Grants”. Here I only give some basic facts about the program.First of all it is a general program. All astronomers can apply and until now Commission 38 has been able to offer a grant to those who fulfill the conditions in the “Guidelines for Grants”.
Combinatorial microenvironmental regulation of liver progenitor differentiation by Notch ligands, TGFβ and extracellular matrix
Authors: Kaylan Kerim B. , Ermilova Viktoriya , Yada Ravi Chandra , Underhill Gregory H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe bipotential differentiation of liver progenitor cells underlies liver development and bile duct formation as well as liver regeneration and disease. TGFβ and Notch signaling are known to play important roles in the liver progenitor specification process and tissue morphogenesis. However, the complexity of these signaling pathways and their currently undefined interactions with other microenvironmental factors, including extracellular matrix (ECM), remain barriers to complete mechanistic understanding. Utilizing a series of strategies, including co-cultures and cellular microarrays, we identified distinct contributions of different Notch ligands and ECM proteins in the fate decisions of bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) progenitor cells. In particular, we demonstrated a cooperative influence of Jagged-1 and TGFβ1 on cholangiocytic differentiation. We established ECM-specific effects using cellular microarrays consisting of 32 distinct combinations of collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin. In addition, we demonstrated that exogenous Jagged-1, Delta-like 1 and Delta-like 4 within the cellular microarray format was sufficient for enhancing cholangiocytic differentiation. Further, by combining Notch ligand microarrays with shRNA-based knockdown of Notch ligands, we systematically examined the effects of both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic ligand. Our results highlight the importance of divergent Notch ligand function and combinatorial microenvironmental regulation in liver progenitor fate specification.
Structure of the Cyclic Nucleotide-Binding Homology Domain of the hERG Channel and Its Insight into Type 2 Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Li Yan , Ng Hui Qi , Li Qingxin , Kang CongBao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) channel is crucial for the cardiac action potential by contributing to the fast delayed-rectifier potassium current. Mutations in the hERG channel result in type 2 long QT syndrome (LQT2). The hERG channel contains a cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain (CNBHD) and this domain is required for the channel gating though molecular interactions with the eag domain. Here we present solution structure of the CNBHD of the hERG channel. The structural study reveals that the CNBHD adopts a similar fold to other KCNH channels. It is self-liganded and it contains a short β-strand that blocks the nucleotide-binding pocket in the β-roll. Folding of LQT2-related mutations in this domain was shown to be affected by point mutation. Mutations in this domain can cause protein aggregation in E. coli cells or induce conformational changes. One mutant-R752W showed obvious chemical shift perturbation compared with the wild-type, but it still binds to the eag domain. The helix region from the N-terminal cap domain of the hERG channel showed unspecific interactions with the CNBHD.
Transmission-Type 2-Bit Programmable Metasurface for Single-Sensor and Single-Frequency Microwave Imaging
Authors: Li Yun Bo , Li Lian Lin , Xu Bai Bing , Wu Wei , Wu Rui Yuan , Wan Xiang , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe programmable and digital metamaterials or metasurfaces presented recently have huge potentials in designing real-time-controlled electromagnetic devices. Here, we propose the first transmission-type 2-bit programmable coding metasurface for single-sensor and single- frequency imaging in the microwave frequency. Compared with the existing single-sensor imagers composed of active spatial modulators with their units controlled independently, we introduce randomly programmable metasurface to transform the masks of modulators, in which their rows and columns are controlled simultaneously so that the complexity and cost of the imaging system can be reduced drastically. Different from the single-sensor approach using the frequency agility, the proposed imaging system makes use of variable modulators under single frequency, which can avoid the object dispersion. In order to realize the transmission-type 2-bit programmable metasurface, we propose a two-layer binary coding unit, which is convenient for changing the voltages in rows and columns to switch the diodes in the top and bottom layers, respectively. In our imaging measurements, we generate the random codes by computer to achieve different transmission patterns, which can support enough multiple modes to solve the inverse-scattering problem in the single-sensor imaging. Simple experimental results are presented in the microwave frequency, validating our new single-sensor and single-frequency imaging system.
Dopamine synapse is a neuroligin-2–mediated contact between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures
Authors: Uchigashima Motokazu , Ohtsuka Toshihisa , Kobayashi Kazuto , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections form a number of dopamine synapses onto medium spiny neurons in the striatum, and have strong influence on emotion, motivation, voluntary movement, and cognition. Despite the functional importance, the molecular composition at dopamine synapses remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that dopamine synapses are neurochemically mismatched contacts formed between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. Intriguingly, neuroligin-2 expressed at the GABAergic postsynaptic structure controls striatal synapse formation by giving competitive advantage to heterologous dopamine synapses over conventional GABAergic synapses. Therefore, our findings suggest that neuroligin-mediated formation of such neurochemically mismatched synapses could be a novel strategy to increase the target selectivity and potency of modulation by anchoring release sites of neuromodulators to their receptive targets.
A note on non-ordinary primes
Authors: Jin Seokho , Ma Wenjun , Ono Ken 
Published: March 2016

Suppose that

O
L

O_L

is the ring of integers of a number field

L
L

, and suppose that
\[

f
(
z
)
=

∑

n
=
1

∞

a
f

(
n
)

q
n

∈

S
k

∩

O
L

[
[
q
]
]

f(z)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_f(n)q^n\in S_k\cap O_L[[q]]

\]
(note:

q
:=

e

2
π
i
z

q:=e^{2\pi i z}

) is a normalized Hecke eigenform for

S
L

2

(

Z

)

\mathrm {SL}_2(\mathbb {Z})

. We say that

f
f

is non-ordinary at a prime

p
p

if there is a prime ideal

p

⊂

O
L

\frak {p}\subset O_L

above

p
p

for which
\[

a
f

(
p
)
≡
0

(
mod

p

)
.

a_f(p)\equiv 0\pmod {\frak {p}}.

\]
For any finite set of primes

S
S

, we prove that there are normalized Hecke eigenforms which are non-ordinary for each

p
∈
S

p\in S

. The proof is elementary and follows from a generalization of work of Choie, Kohnen and the third author.
NSimScan: DNA comparison tool with increased speed, sensitivity and accuracy
Authors: Novichkov Vladimir , Kaznadzey Anna , Alexandrova Natalia , Kaznadzey Denis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Summary: Nucleotide Similarity Scanner (NSimScan) is specialized for searching massive DNA databases for distant similarities. Its targeted applications include phylogenomics, comparative and functional studies of non-coding sequences, contamination detection, etc. NSimScan outperforms industry standard tools in combined sensitivity, accuracy and speed, operating at sensitivity similar to BLAST, accuracy of ssearch and speed of MegaBLAST.
Availability and implementation: NSimScan is available at https://github.com/abadona/qsimscan as a part of QSimScan package. It is implemented in C ++, distributed under MIT license and supported on Linux, OS X and Windows (with cygwin).
Contact: dkaznadzey@yahoo.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.