bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM (KRITIK TERHADAP HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Setiyanto Danu Aris 
Published: January 2018

This paper will focus on polygamy with a philosophical approach to Islamic law and directly associated with the marriage law in Indonesia. Polygamy is an issue in family law of Islam in the discussion of fiqih both classic and contemporary. Even polygamy is a discussion that is always debated theologically and anthropocentrically. In the positive law in Indonesia, polygamy is allowed with certain conditions which are strict and in it famous with the principle of monogamy. The main requirement of polygamy both in fiqih and in Act No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage is fair, both physically and spiritually. Polygamy is a right that can only be owned by the husband and not owned by the wife. In the philosophy of Islamic law, polygamy is certainly not due only to the satisfaction of mere biological. But more than that, polygamy is interpreted as a solution to resolve a number of social issues such as the poor orphans, protection of the poor widow, and others. Polygamy in philosophy also has the meaning of protection, to avoid lewdness, and justice for feminists. However, in practice in Indonesia, philosophy of polygamy in the Marriage Law considered by some of parties, can not be realized effectively. This is due to the absence of strict sanctions, weak administration, and the lack of public awareness in obeying the rules of religion and the Marriage Law in Indonesia. [Tulisan ini akan difokuskan tentang poligami dengan pendekatan filosofis hukum Islam dan dikaitkan langsung dengan hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Poligami merupakan isu dalam hukum keluarga Islam baik dalam pembahasan fikih klasik maupun fikih kontemporer. Bahkan poligami adalah pembahasan yang selalu diperdebatkan secara teologis maupun antroposentris. Dalam hukum positif di Indonesia, poligami diperbolehkan dengan syarat-syarat tertentu yang ketat dan di dalamnya terkenal dengan asas monogami. Syarat utama poligami baik dalam fikih maupun dalam Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan adalah adil, baik secara lahir maupun secara batin. Poligami merupakan hak yang hanya dimiliki oleh suami dan tidak dimiliki oleh istri. Secara filosofi hukum Islam, poligami tentu saja bukan karena hanya untuk kepuasan biologis semata. Namun lebih dari itu, poligami dimaknai sebagai solusi untuk menyelesaikan sejumlah persoalan sosial seperti adanya anak yatim yang kurang mampu, perlindungan janda yang lemah dan lain-lain. Poligami secara filosofi juga memiliki makna perlindungan, menghindari perbuatan keji, dan keadilan bagi kaum feminis. Namun dalam praktinya di Indonesia, makna filosofi poligami dalam UU Perkawinan dianggap sejumlah pihak tidak dapat diwujudkan efektif. Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak adanya sanksi yang tegas, lemahnya administrasi, dan lemahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam menaati aturan agama dan UU Perkawinan di Indonesia.]
HUKUM WARIS DAN WASIAT (Sebuah Perbandingan antara Pemikiran Hazairin dan Munawwir Sjadzali)
Authors: Jamil Rosidi 
Published: January 2018

Most Muslims understand that inheritance law is the law that its formulation can not be changed, so that the reform of inheritance law in Islam is not widely practiced by Muslims, such as the formulation of the distribution of 2: 1 for men and women, many of them regard it as pemanent formulation. Therefore, inheritance law reform is done rarely, it is different with Islamic family laws that are many changed. However, it does not mean all Muslims consider it is a rule that can not be changed, but there are some people who believe that the law of inheritance in Islam can be changed in accordance with social conditions. The social conditions can influence the occurrence of a law, including inheritance law in Islam. It can be found in the thought of two figures, namely Hazairin and Munawwir Sjadzali. Both Hazairin and Munawwir Sjadzali suggest new thought about inheritance law in Islam. [Kebanyakan umat Islam memahami bahwa hukum waris adalah hukum yang rumusannya tidak dapat dirubah, sehingga pembaharuan mengenai hukum kewarisan dalam Islam tidak banyak dilakukan oleh umat Islam, misalnya rumusan tentang pembagian 2 : 1 untuk laki-laki dan perempuan yang kebanyakan dari mereka menganggapnya sebagai rumusan yang pasti. Oleh karena itu, pembaharuan hukum kewarisan ini tidak banyak dilakukan, hal ini berbeda dengan hukum keluarga Islam yang mengalami banyak pembaharuan. Meskipun demikian, tidak berarti semua umat Islam menganggapnya sebagai aturan yang tidak boleh dirubah, akan tetapi ada beberapa tokoh yang beranggapan bahwa hukum kewarisan dalam Islam dapat berubah sesuai dengan kondisi sosial yang ada. Kondisi sosial ini dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap berlakunya suatu hukum, termasuk juga hukum kewarisan dalam Islam. Hal tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam pemikiran dua tokoh Nasional, yaitu Hazairin dan Munawwir Sjadzali. Keduanya menawarkan pemikiran baru mengenai hukum kewarisan dalam Islam].
Examination and evaluation of individualized education programs prepared for intellectual disability students<p>Zihin yetersizliğine sahip olan öğrenciler için hazırlanan bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programlarının incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İlik Şerife Şenay 
Published: January 2018

The first step to define the services provided for students with special needs is preparing programs suitable for the student qualifications. Arranging curriculums by regarding the qualifications of students with special needs requires preparation of Individualized Education Programs. This study aims to analyze IEP prepared for intellectual disability students with regard to various variables. Study has been conducted through document analysis one of the qualitative research method. IEP of 90 intellectual disability students attending at 10 schools in Konya city center included into the study. IEP Evaluation Form which is developed by the researcher and which has 7matters and 55 sub-matters is used as data collection tool It is found that all of the schools are insufficient in determining both support services and student file examination forms. Moreover, it is found that IEPs prepared in special sub-classes are less successful in all matter than the ones prepared in other schools.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetÖzel gereksinimli öğrenciler için sağlanacak hizmetlerin belirlenmesinin başında öğrencinin özelliklerine uygun hazırlanan programlar yer alır. Özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin özelliklerinin dikkate alınarak eğitim ortamlarının yapılandırılması da bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programlarının hazırlanmasını gerektirir. Bu çalışma ile genel amacımız zihin yetersizliğine sahip olan öğrenciler için hazırlanmış BEP’ lerin niteliğini, çeşitli değişkenlere göre analiz etmektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya Konya il merkezde bulunan 10 okul ve bu okullardaki öğrenim gören 90 zihin yetersizliğine sahip öğrencinin mevcut BEP leri dahil edilmiştir.Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 7 madde ve 55 alt maddeden oluşan BEP Değerlendirme Formu kullanılmıştır. Okulların tümünde öğrenci dosyası inceleme formlarını hazırlamada ve destek eğitim hizmetlerini belirlemede yetersizliğin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada; özel eğitim sınıfında hazırlanan BEP’ lerin diğer okullarda hazırlanan BEP’ ler ile karşılaştırıldığında, tüm maddelerde düşük başarıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Assessing the quality of GEOID12B model through field surveys
Authors: Elaksher Ahmed , Kamtchang Franck , Wegmann Christian , Guerrero Adalberto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElevation differences have been determined through conventional ground surveying techniques for over a century. Since the mid-80s GPS, GLONASS and other satellite systems have modernized the means by which elevation differences are observed. In this article, we assessed the quality of GEIOD12B through long-occupation GNSS static surveys. A set of NGS benchmarks was occupied for at least one hour using dual-frequency GNSS receivers. Collected measurements were processed using a single CORS station at most 24 kilometers from the benchmarks. Geoid undulation values were driven by subtracting measured ellipsoidal heights from the orthometric heights posted on the NGS website. To assess the quality of GEOID12B, we compared our computed vertical shifts at the benchmarks with those estimated from GEOID12B published by NGS. In addition, Kriging model was used to interpolate local maps for the geoid undulations from the benchmark heights. The maps were compared with corresponding parts of GEOID12B. No biases were detected in the results and only shifts due to random errors were found. Discrepancies in the range of ten centimetres were noticed between our geoid undulation and the values available from NGS.
The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStandard Arabic is directly derived from the language of the Quran. The Arabic language of the holy book of Islam is seen as the prescriptive benchmark of correctness for the use and standardization of Arabic. As such, this standard language is removed from the vernaculars over a millennium years, which Arabic-speakers employ nowadays in everyday life. Furthermore, standard Arabic is used for written purposes but very rarely spoken, which implies that there are no native speakers of this language. As a result, no speech community of standard Arabic exists. Depending on the region or state, Arabs (understood here as Arabic speakers) belong to over 20 different vernacular speech communities centered around Arabic dialects. This feature is unique among the so-called “large languages” of the modern world. However, from a historical perspective, it can be likened to the functioning of Latin as the sole (written) language in Western Europe until the Reformation and in Central Europe until the mid-19th century. After the seventh to ninth century, there was no Latin-speaking community, while in day-to-day life, people who employed Latin for written use spoke vernaculars. Afterward these vernaculars replaced Latin in written use also, so that now each recognized European language corresponds to a speech community. In future, faced with the demands of globalization, the diglossic nature of Arabic may yet yield a ternary polyglossia (triglossia): with the vernacular for everyday life; standard Arabic for formal texts, politics, and religion; and a western language (English, French, or Spanish) for science, business technology, and the perusal of belles-lettres.
Not All the Past Needs To Be Used: Features of Fidesz’s Politics of Memory
Authors: Benazzo Simone 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince the 2010 elections, the current Hungarian government has proven to be a very active and restless “memory warrior” (Bernard and Kubik 2014). The ruling party, Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz, shows both a neat understanding of national history and the ability to transmit it by the adoption of different tools. This politics of memory is instrumental in granting the government political legitimacy. By ruling out oppositional actors and their historical narratives from the public sphere, Fidesz presents itself as the primary champion of Hungarian national sovereignty. Hungarians is, then, portrayed as a nation that has long suffered from the yoke of external oppression in which the Ottomans, the Habsburgs, the Soviets and eventually the Europeans figure as the enemies of the Hungarians. Specific collective memories, including the Treaty of Trianon (1920), Nazi occupation (1944–5) and socialist period (1948–90), are targeted so as to enact a sense of national belonging and pride, as well as resentment against foreigners. Moreover, in its rejection of the pluralism of memories and yearn for the homogenization of national history by marginalizing unfitting elements, this politics of memory is consistent with the System of National Cooperation (Batory 2016) that Fidesz’s administration has tried to establish in Hungary. This paper carries out an in-depth analysis of Fidesz’s multilayered politics of memory by investigating both its internal and external dimensions separately. In the final section, conclusions are drawn up to summarize its key tenets. Official speeches, legislative acts, and four interviews with key historians of Hungary have been used as sources.
Case Study: Evaluation of the Effect of Extraction Temperature on WMA Binder Containing Sasobit Additive
Authors: Wu Shenghua , Zhang Weiguang , Shen Shihui , Muhunthan Balasingam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The current experimental methods for the extraction and recovery of asphalt binder from asphalt mixtures were designed for hot mix asphalt (HMA); however, it was not ascertained whether or not these methods could also be used for warm mix asphalt (WMA). There are concerns about the inability of current methods to fully extract and recover WMA additives from WMA mixtures, such as Sasobit wax, that can crystallize at room. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of current HMA binder extraction methods for WMAs containing Sasobit additive. An experimental program was designed to evaluate the effect of extraction temperature. The loose mixes for HMA and Sasobit were prepared and subjected to three different aging levels (2 hours, 15 hours, and 5 days) and were extracted at an intermediate temperature (25°C) and an elevated temperature (80°C), respectively. Sasobit can be extracted at 80°C, which was confirmed by the results from the rheological properties test (performance grading, multiple stress creep and recovery test, and frequency sweep test) and a chemical analysis test (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test) for the HMA- and Sasobit-extracted binders. Four field Sasobit WMA projects further verified the feasibility of an 80°C extraction temperature for the Sasobit binder. It was also found in this study that the effect of Sasobit on the base binders became less significant after it was subjected to long-term aging in the field.
Sequential Sampling Plan in the Truncated Life Test for Weibull Distribution
Authors: Rasay Hasan , Pourgharibshahi Morteza , Fallahnezhad Mohammad Saber 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The truncated life test is usually applied for reducing experiment time. The lifetime of a product is assumed as its quality characteristic, and the sequential sampling (SS) plan is applied in the context of the truncated life test. In SS, the samples are selected from the lot stage by stage. In each stage, the total number of inspected items and the total number of defective items are specified, and then it is decided whether to continue sampling or to make a decision about the lot. A procedure is provided for computing the operation characteristic curve and average sample number (ASN) in the proposed SS plan. Moreover, a repetitive group sampling plan and a double sampling (DS) plan are also designed based on the truncated life test. Performance of the SS plan is compared with the DS plan and repetitive sampling plan. The application of these three sampling plans are illustrated in the industry using a real example. Finally, results of the comparison study indicate that the proposed SS plan has a better performance and could significantly reduce the ASN.
Comparison of Various Nuclear Localization Signal-Fused Cas9 Proteins and Cas9 mRNA for Genome Editing in Zebrafish
Authors: Hu Peinan , Zhao Xueying , Zhang Qinghua , Li Weiming , Zu Yao 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been proven to be an efficient and precise genome editing technology in various organisms. However, the gene editing efficiencies of Cas9 proteins with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) fused to different termini and Cas9 mRNA have not been systematically compared. Here, we compared the ability of Cas9 proteins with NLS fused to the N-, C-, or both the N- and C-termini and N-NLS-Cas9-NLS-C mRNA to target two sites in the tyr gene and two sites in the gol gene related to pigmentation in zebrafish. Phenotypic analysis revealed that all types of Cas9 led to hypopigmentation in similar proportions of injected embryos. Genome analysis by T7 Endonuclease I (T7E1) assays demonstrated that all types of Cas9 similarly induced mutagenesis in four target sites. Sequencing results further confirmed that a high frequency of indels occurred in the target sites (tyr1 &gt; 66%, tyr2 &gt; 73%, gol1 &gt; 50%, and gol2 &gt; 35%), as well as various types (more than six) of indel mutations observed in all four types of Cas9-injected embryos. Furthermore, all types of Cas9 showed efficient targeted mutagenesis on multiplex genome editing, resulting in multiple phenotypes simultaneously. Collectively, we conclude that various NLS-fused Cas9 proteins and Cas9 mRNAs have similar genome editing efficiencies on targeting single or multiple genes, suggesting that the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is highly dependent on guide RNAs (gRNAs) and gene loci. These findings may help to simplify the selection of Cas9 for gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
The ABC Transporter Eato Promotes Cell Clearance in the Drosophila melanogaster Ovary
Authors: Santoso Clarissa S , Meehan Tracy L , Peterson Jeanne S , Cedano Tiara M , Turlo Christopher V , McCall Kimberly 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The clearance of dead cells is a fundamental process in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals have identified two evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that act redundantly to regulate this engulfment process: the ced-1/-6/-7 and ced-2/-5/-12 pathways. Of these engulfment genes, only the ced-7/ABCA1 ortholog remains to be identified in D. melanogaster. Homology searches have revealed a family of putative ced-7/ABCA1 homologs encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in D. melanogaster. To determine which of these genes functions similarly to ced-7/ABCA1, we analyzed mutants for engulfment phenotypes in oogenesis, during which nurse cells (NCs) in each egg chamber undergo programmed cell death (PCD) and are removed by neighboring phagocytic follicle cells (FCs). Our genetic analyses indicate that one of the ABC transporter genes, which we have named Eato (Engulfment ABC Transporter in the ovary), is required for NC clearance in the ovary and acts in the same pathways as drpr, the ced-1 ortholog, and in parallel to Ced-12 in the FCs. Additionally, we show that Eato acts in the FCs to promote accumulation of the transmembrane receptor Drpr, and promote membrane extensions around the NCs for their clearance. Since ABCA class transporters, such as CED-7 and ABCA1, are known to be involved in lipid trafficking, we propose that Eato acts to transport membrane material to the growing phagocytic cup for cell corpse clearance. Our work presented here identifies Eato as the ced-7/ABCA1 ortholog in D. melanogaster, and demonstrates a role for Eato in Drpr accumulation and phagocytic membrane extensions during NC clearance in the ovary.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Infants Undergoing Meningitis Evaluation
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Freedman Stephen B. , Kulik Dina M. , Okada Pamela J. , Fleming Alesia H. , Mistry Rakesh D. , Thomson Joanna E. , Schnadower David , Arms Joseph L. , Mahajan Prashant , Garro Aris C. , Pruitt Christopher M. , Balamuth Fran , Uspal Neil G. , Aronson Paul L. , Lyons Todd W. , Thompson Amy D. , Curtis Sarah J. , Ishimine Paul T. , Schmidt Suzanne M. , Bradin Stuart A. , Grether-Jones Kendra L. , Miller Aaron S. , Louie Jeffrey , Shah Samir S. , Nigrovic Lise E. ,   the HSV Study Group of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Although neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a potentially devastating infection requiring prompt evaluation and treatment, large-scale assessments of the frequency in potentially infected infants have not been performed.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of infants ≤60 days old who had cerebrospinal fluid culture testing performed in 1 of 23 participating North American emergency departments. HSV infection was defined by a positive HSV polymerase chain reaction or viral culture. The primary outcome was the proportion of encounters in which HSV infection was identified. Secondary outcomes included frequency of central nervous system (CNS) and disseminated HSV, and HSV testing and treatment patterns.

RESULTS:
Of 26 533 eligible encounters, 112 infants had HSV identified (0.42%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35%–0.51%). Of these, 90 (80.4%) occurred in weeks 1 to 4, 10 (8.9%) in weeks 5 to 6, and 12 (10.7%) in weeks 7 to 9. The median age of HSV-infected infants was 14 days (interquartile range: 9–24 days). HSV infection was more common in 0 to 28-day-old infants compared with 29- to 60-day-old infants (odds ratio 3.9; 95% CI: 2.4–6.2). Sixty-eight (0.26%, 95% CI: 0.21%–0.33%) had CNS or disseminated HSV. The proportion of infants tested for HSV (35%; range 14%–72%) and to whom acyclovir was administered (23%; range 4%–53%) varied widely across sites.

CONCLUSIONS:
An HSV infection was uncommon in young infants evaluated for CNS infection, particularly in the second month of life. Evidence-based approaches to the evaluation for HSV in young infants are needed.
Inisiasi Tunas Kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) pada Berbagai Jenis Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi BAP (Benzyl Amino Purine) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Sudiyanti Sri , Rusbana Tubagus Bahtiar , Susiyanti Susiyanti 
Published: January 2018

Kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis) is an endemic plant of Banten which is only in Ujung Kulon, and has been designated as identity of Banten province. Now the existence of Kokoleceran has been endangered. Based on data from the IUCN, since 1998 there has been no research. Kokoleceran initiation needs technology for preventing from the extinction. One of the mass propagation is through the technique culture in vitro. This research aimed to get the precise medium and BAP concentration for Kokoleceran, and knowing the response of Kokoleceran growth in in vitro. This research was done in November 2015 until March 2016 at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, Banten. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) two factors. The first factor was medium that were MS and WPM media. The second factor was BAP concentration which consisted of four levels namely 0 mg L-1, 1 mg L-1, 2 mg L-1, and 3 mg L-1. The results showed that the use of different media and BAP concentrations had no impact on the time appear of shoot, shoot number, and root number. There was effect from both treatments on medium color, and growing of callus on the explants.