bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infants’ neural oscillatory processing of theta-rate speech patterns exceeds adults’
Authors: Leong Victoria , Byrne Elizabeth , Clackson Kaili , Harte Naomi , Lam Sarah , Barbaro Kaya de , Wass Sam 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDuring their early years, infants use the temporal statistics of the speech signal to boot-strap language learning, but the neural mechanisms that facilitate this temporal analysis are poorly understood. In adults, neural oscillatory entrainment to the speech amplitude envelope has been proposed to be a mechanism for multi-time resolution analysis of adult-directed speech, with a focus on Theta (syllable) and low Gamma (phoneme) rates. However, it is not known whether developing infants perform multi-time oscillatory analysis ofinfant-directed speech with the same temporal focus. Here, we examined infants’ processing of the temporal structure of sung nursery rhymes, and compared their neural entrainment across multiple timescales with that of well-matched adults (their mothers). Typical infants and their mothers (N=58, median age 8.3 months) viewed videos of sung nursery rhymes while their neural activity at C3 and C4 was concurrently monitored using dual-electroencephalography (dual-EEG). The accuracy of infants’ and adults’ neural oscillatory entrainment to speech was compared by calculating their phase-locking values (PLVs) across the EEG-speech frequency spectrum. Infants showed better phase-locking than adults at Theta (~4.5 Hz)and Alpha (~9.3 Hz) rates, corresponding to rhyme and phoneme patterns in our stimuli. Infant entrainment levels matched adults’ for syllables and prosodic stress patterns (Delta,~1-2 Hz). By contrast, infants were less accurate than adults at tracking slow (~0.5 Hz) phrasal patterns. Therefore, compared to adults, language-learning infants’ temporal parsing of the speech signal shows highest relative acuity at Theta-Alpha rates. This temporal focus could support the accurate encoding of syllable and rhyme patterns during infants’ sensitive period for phonetic and phonotactic learning. Therefore, oscillatory entrainment could be one neural mechanism that supports early bootstrapping of language learning from infant-directed speech (such as nursery rhymes).
An encoding model of temporal processing in human visual cortex
Authors: Stigliani Anthony , Jeska Brianna , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTHow is temporal information processed in human visual cortex? There is intense debate as to how sustained and transient temporal channels contribute to visual processing beyond V1. Using fMRI, we measured cortical responses to time-varying stimuli, then implemented a novel 2 temporal-channel encoding model to estimate the contributions of each channel. The model predicts cortical responses to time-varying stimuli from milliseconds to seconds and reveals that (i) lateral occipito-temporal regions and peripheral early visual cortex are dominated by transient responses, and (ii) ventral occipito-temporal regions and central early visual cortex are not only driven by both channels, but that transient responses exceed the sustained. These findings resolve an outstanding debate and elucidate temporal processing in human visual cortex. Importantly, this approach has vast implications because it can be applied with fMRI to decipher neural computations in millisecond resolution in any part of the brain.
Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
Authors: Gear Robin B. , Belcher Scott M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results ofin vivodose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD-1 mice exposed to 4 to 40,000 μg/kg/day BPA or 0.02 to 2 μg/kg/day EE from conception until 12-14 weeks of age. Results of that analysis indicate that both BPA and EE have dose- and sex-specific impacts on the cellular and microanatomical structures of the spleens that reveal minor alterations in immunomodulatory and hematopoietic functions. These findings support previous studies demonstrating the murine immune system as a sensitive target for estrogens, and that oral exposures to BPA and EE can have estrogen-like immunomodulatory affects in both sexes.
Ecological implications of hypoxia‐triggered shifts in secondary metabolism
Authors: Gallagher Kelley A. , Wanger Greg , Henderson Jane , Llorente Mark , Hughes Chambers C. , Jensen Paul R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMembers of the actinomycete genus Streptomyces are non‐motile, filamentous bacteria that are well‐known for the production of biomedically relevant secondary metabolites. While considered obligate aerobes, little is known about how these bacteria respond to periods of reduced oxygen availability in their natural habitats, which include soils and ocean sediments. Here, we provide evidence that the marine streptomycete strain CNQ‐525 can reduce MnO2 via a diffusible mechanism. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on secondary metabolite production and observed a shift away from the antibiotic napyradiomycin towards 8‐amino‐flaviolin, an intermediate in the napyradiomycin biosynthetic pathway. We purified 8‐amino‐flaviolin and demonstrated that it is reversibly redox‐active (midpoint potential −474.5 mV), indicating that it has the potential to function as an endogenous extracellular electron shuttle. This study provides evidence that environmentally triggered changes in secondary metabolite production may provide clues to the ecological functions of specific compounds, and that Gram‐positive bacteria considered to be obligate aerobes may play previously unrecognized roles in biogeochemical cycling through mechanisms that include extracellular electron shuttling.
Organizing The Ordinary City: How Labor Reform Strategies Travel to the US Heartland
Authors: Doussard Marc 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn New York, Chicago and Los Angeles, formal alliances between labor unions and community organizations have spurred successful workplace and policy organizing campaigns. As a result, the institutional form of the community–labor coalition is travelling to smaller, less unionized and more politically conservative cities, where the replication of established organizing strategies must contend with political, economic and institutional differences that often go unnoted. Comparing community–labor alliances in Indianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago, this article identifies heretofore unobserved conditions of possibility for successful urban labor organizing in the US. Compared to smaller cities, Chicago and the large urban areas from which ideal practices are abstracted feature higher levels of union membership, significantly more funding of basic social and neighborhood services, and larger immigrant communities. Operating with minimal human services and limited recourse to the social and institutional networks of immigrant workers, labor coalitions in St. Louis and Indianapolis face recurrent barriers to identifying workplace problems, mobilizing low‐wage workers and sustaining citywide reform campaigns. This indicates geographical limits to the current organizing model and highlights the limitations of urban scholarship derived from large cities unrepresentative of urbanity as a whole.
Identification of Mobile Phone and Analysis of Original Version of Videos through a Delay Time Analysis of Sound Signals from Mobile Phone Videos
Authors: Hwang Min gu , Har Dong hwan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study designs a method of identifying the camera model used to take videos that are distributed through mobile phones and determines the original version of the mobile phone video for use as legal evidence. For this analysis, an experiment was conducted to find the unique characteristics of each mobile phone. The videos recorded by mobile phones were analyzed to establish the delay time of sound signals, and the differences between the delay times of sound signals for different mobile phones were traced by classifying their characteristics. Furthermore, the sound input signals for mobile phone videos used as legal evidence were analyzed to ascertain whether they have the unique characteristics of the original version. The objective of this study was to find a method for validating the use of mobile phone videos as legal evidence using mobile phones through differences in the delay times of sound input signals.
The probability of probability and research truths
Authors: Fatovich Daniel M , Phillips Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe foundation of much medical research rests on the statistical significance of the P‐value, but we have fallen prey to the seductive certainty of significance. Other scientific disciplines work to a different standard. This may partly explain why medical reversal is an increasing phenomenon, whereby new studies (based on the 0.05 standard) overturn previous significant findings. This has generated a crisis in the rigour of evidence‐based medicine, as many people erroneously believe that a P < 0.05 means the treatment effect is clinically important. However, statistics are not facts about the world. Nor should they be based on an arbitrary threshold that arose for historical reasons. This arbitrary threshold encourages an unthinking automatic response that contributes to industry's influence on medical research. Examples from emergency medicine practice illustrate these themes. Study replication needs to be valued as much as discovery. Careful and thoughtful unbiased thinking about the results we do have is undervalued.
A new argument using embeddedness and sensemaking to explain small firms' responses to employment regulation
Authors: Mayson Susan , Barrett Rowena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this essay, we develop a new argument about how the concept of embeddedness and a sensemaking approach can be used to theorise small firms' regulatory responses, especially to employment regulation. We want to move beyond the simplistic and narrow conceptualisations of resistant action in small firms in response to regulation. We contribute to theorising on small firms' regulatory responses by developing an embedded account of social action that takes us beyond the dichotomy of individualised (micro) and institutional accounts (macro) explanations of firm behaviour. Our argument emphasises the situatedness of small firm behaviour shaped by, and in turn shaping, the contexts in which they are embedded. We go beyond stereotypes to give a nuanced account of situated action. In conclusion, we briefly outline how our ideas can be operationalised to explain small firms' diverse responses to regulation.
Perceptions of Doppler ultrasound for rheumatoid arthritis disease activity assessment and education
Authors: Joshua Fredrick , Bailey Christine , Marabani Mona , Romas Evange , White Raymond , Wong Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this qualitative study was to report the findings of the Defining rheumatoid arthritis progression using Doppler Ultrasound in Clinical practice (DEDUCE) Medical Practice Activity, which was developed to facilitate the utilization of Doppler ultrasound (DUS) by Australian rheumatologists in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodTwenty‐one rheumatologists recruited a total of 80 patients with RA in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) remission for DUS assessment and completed a pre‐ and post‐activity questionnaire assessing their experience with DUS, as well as a 6‐month follow‐up questionnaire. Rheumatologists discussed DUS results with patients using visual aids. Patients completed a pre‐ and post‐DUS assessment questionnaire. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsFollowing completion of the activity, 95% of rheumatologists (20/21) believed DUS was a useful assessment tool for patients with RA. The majority found the DUS results useful and more than half thought the DUS assessment fit well into their consultation. A majority of rheumatologists indicated they would use DUS imaging in patients with low disease activity and remission, and for disease activity assessment to inform in therapeutic decision‐making. All patients who responded found the visual aids useful and most felt that discussing DUS results improved understanding of their disease and would help with medication adherence.ConclusionIncorporation of DUS imaging into routine clinical practice is feasible, encourages rheumatologists to utilize and expand their clinical application of DUS imaging in patients with RA, and may improve patient understanding of their disease and adherence to medication.
Circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Bae Sang‐Cheol 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to establish a correlation between serum adipokine levels and RA activity.MethodsWe conducted meta‐analyses on serum/plasma adiponectin or visfatin levels in patients with RA and controls and correlation coefficients between circulating adiponectin and visfatin levels and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) in RA patients.ResultsEleven studies comprising 813 RA patients and 684 controls were included in this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.529, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.354−2.704, P = 0.011). Circulating adiponectin level was not associated with RA activity based on DAS28 and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (SMD = 2.575, 95% CI: = 0.963–4.189, P = 0.002). A trend of positive correlation among circulating visfatin levels and DAS28 and CRP levels was found (correlation coefficient = 0.416, 95% CI: = −0.917 to 0.795, P = 0.177; correlation coefficient = 0.366, 95% CI: = −0.074 to 0.687, P = 0.101, respectively).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrated that circulating adiponectin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls. Circulating visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls and a positive correlation between circulating visfatin level and RA activity is suggested.
Allergic respiratory disease: Different allergens, different symptoms
Authors: Valero A. , Quirce S. , Dávila I. , Delgado J. , Domínguez‐Ortega J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSpanish population is rather homogeneous in its genetic and sociocultural characteristics, but allergen sensitization shows wide geographical variations. We aimed at assessing whether sensitization to different allergens in the diverse geographical areas induced different clinical and quality‐of‐life characteristics in adult patients with a first‐time diagnosis of rhinitis and/or asthma.MethodsTwo sequential, identically designed studies were carried out to evaluate such associations (PERFILAR I and II). PERFILAR II was an extension of PERFILAR I with additional allergens being included. Both phases were epidemiological, descriptive, cross‐sectional, nonintervention multicenter studies. Participants were required to have lived for at least the last 2 years in the geographical zone. Asthma control assessment was based on ACQ‐5. Health‐related quality of life was evaluated with validated scales for rhinitis (ESPRINT‐15) and asthma (Mini‐AQLQ). Skin prick tests were used to identify sensitization to involved allergens.ResultsA total of 301 physicians recruited 2711 patients for PERFILAR I+II. Sensitization to allergens was significantly different in patients with rhinitis with/without asthma. Seasonal allergens were associated with rhinitis, a longer time to asthma development, and more severe and commonly intermittent rhinitis. HDM were associated with more common rhinitis, and Alternaria was associated with asthma. The study confirms an association of geographical areas with relevant allergens and allergic clinical picture.ConclusionDifferent types of aeroallergens and specific sensitization profiles are associated with different allergic clinical pictures (rhinitis with/without asthma), different clinical symptoms, and different levels of severity. This could have implications to predict later clinical course and to select appropriate management approaches.
Haemodynamic changes to a midazolam–fentanyl–rocuronium protocol for pre‐hospital anaesthesia following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest
Authors: Miller M. , Groombridge C. J. , Lyon R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryFollowing the return of spontaneous circulation after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, neurological dysfunction, airway or ventilatory compromise can impede transport to early percutaneous coronary intervention, necessitating pre‐hospital or emergency department anaesthesia to facilitate this procedure. There are no published reports of the ideal induction agents in these patients. We sought to describe haemodynamic changes associated with induction of anaesthesia using a midazolam (0.1 mg.kg−1), fentanyl (2 μg.kg−1) and rocuronium (1 mg.kg−1) regimen developed using expert opinion, and adherence to the protocol by our pre‐hospital teams. We performed a retrospective review of haemodynamic data recorded during induction of anaesthesia in patients following return of spontaneous circulation, over a 30‐month period. We analysed the changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate using a repeated‐measures design, as well as the rate of new hypotension or hypertension. Sixty‐four patients had four consecutive measurements for analysis (one pre‐induction and three post‐induction). Systolic blood pressure at all three post‐induction measurements was significantly lower than the pre‐induction value. Heart rate did not differ between any time‐points. New episodes of hypotension (systolic pressure < 90 mmHg) occurred in four (6%) patients at the first measurement post‐induction (95%CI 2–15%) and 10 (16%) at the third measurement (95%CI 8–27%). Three patients (5%; 95%CI 1–13%) had a hypertensive response. The median (IQR[range]) dose of midazolam given at induction was 0.04 (0.03‐0.05 [0.01 to 0.10]) mg.kg−1. Adherence to recommended fentanyl and rocuronium doses was high. Overall, systolic blood pressure was reduced following induction of anaesthesia, and systolic pressures < 90 mmHg occurred more often at measurements made later (up to 9 min) after induction. Changes in heart rate, and new hypertension were uncommon.
Positive T wave in lead aVR as an independent predictor for 1‐year major adverse cardiac events in patients with first anterior wall ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Kobayashi Akihiro , Misumida Naoki , Aoi Shunsuke , Kanei Yumiko 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPositive T wave in lead aVR has been shown to predict an adverse in‐hospital outcome in patients with anterior wall ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR on a long‐term outcome has not been fully explored.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 190 consecutive patients with first anterior wall STEMI who underwent an emergent coronary angiogram. Patients were divided into those with positive T wave > 0 mV and those with negative T wave ≦ 0 mV in lead aVR. Baseline and angiographic characteristics, and in‐hospital revascularization procedures were recorded. In addition, in‐hospital and 1‐year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization were recorded.ResultsAmong 190 patients, 37 patients (19%) had positive T wave and 153 patients (81%) had negative T wave in lead aVR. Patients with positive T wave had higher rate of left main disease defined as stenosis ≥50% (11% vs. 2%, p = .028) than those with negative T wave. Patients with positive T wave had higher rate of 1‐year MACE (38% vs. 13%, p < .001) driven by higher all‐cause mortality (27% vs. 5%, p < .001). Positive T wave was an independent predictor for 1‐year MACE (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.04–7.15; p = .04).ConclusionPositive T wave in lead aVR was an independent predictor for 1‐year MACE in patients with first anterior wall STEMI.
Performing ‘Chinese‐ness’ in Singkawang: Diasporic moorings, festivals and tourism
Authors: Ong Chin Ee , Ormond Meghann , Sulianti Dian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThrough an examination of two festivals – Qing Ming and Cap Go Meh – in the town of Singkawang in Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan), we show how Singkawang‐bound Chinese Indonesian tourists and their Singkawang‐based relatives produce a diasporic heritage network through ‘moorings’ generated by both transnational and internal migration. Instead of returning to a singular ‘homeland’ in distant China, these tourists return to Chinese‐majority Singkawang as a result of their personal genealogical roots and of their broader cultural allegiance with a kind of Chinese‐ness that Singkawang has come to represent within a post‐Suharto Indonesia. Through these two festivals, we demonstrate how personal heritage practices like ‘roots tourism’ and visiting friends and relatives are intimately bound up with identity and developmental politics at local, national and international scales. In so doing, we identify a range of ways in which migratory and tourism flows by Chinese Indonesian internal migrants shape relations to their ancestral hometowns and cultural ‘homelands’ in Indonesia within the context of membership to and participation in a broader transnational diaspora.
Clinical Pharmacist‐Provided Services In Iron‐Overloaded Beta‐Thalassaemia Major Children: A New Insight Into Patient Care
Authors: Bahnasawy Salma M. , El Wakeel Lamia M. , Beblawy Nagham El , El‐Hamamsy Manal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIron‐overloaded β‐thalassaemia major (BTM) children have high risk of delayed sexual/physical maturation, liver/heart diseases and reduced life expectancy. The lifelong need to use iron chelators, their unpleasant administration, side effects and lack of awareness regarding iron overload risks all hamper BTM patient compliance to iron chelators. This study evaluated the impact of clinical pharmacist‐provided services on the outcome of iron‐overloaded BTM children. Forty‐eight BTM children were randomly assigned to either control group, who received standard medical care, or intervention group, who received standard medical care plus clinical pharmacist‐provided services. Services included detection of drug‐related problems (DRPs) and their management, patient education regarding disease nature and iron chelators, as well as providing patient‐tailored medication charts. After six months of study implementation, there was a highly significant difference between the control and intervention groups in serum ferritin (SF) (mean: 3871 versus 2362, μg/l, p = 0.0042), patient healthcare satisfaction (median: 24.47 versus 90.29, p < 0.0001) and quality of life (QoL) (median: 49.84 versus 63.51, p = 0.0049). The intervention group showed a decline from baseline to the end of study in DRPs (64–4), the number of non‐compliant patients (24–3) and mean SF levels (3949–2362 μg/l, p < 0.0001). Clinical pharmacist‐provided services can positively impact the outcome of BTM children.