bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature–topographic elevation relationship for high mountain terrain: an example from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Kattel Dambaru Ballab , Yao Tandong 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis study quantifies the spatial–temporal distribution of the near‐surface temperature lapse rate (TLR) on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) on the northern slopes of the eastern Himalayas, using the jackknife regression model. A 20‐year (1985–2004) climatic data set of 16 stations between the elevation range of 3553–4801 m asl was used for this investigation. Controls for the spatial–temporal variation on TLRs and causes of higher mean square error (MSE) from the jackknife regressions were also analysed. Dry convection due to increasing sensible heating at lower elevations associated with clear skies, the effect of cold air surges, cloud/fog, as well as pronounced long‐wave radiation loss due to snow cover at higher elevation, results in the super‐dry adiabatic TLR in the dry winter. In response to the effects of high rainfall and humidity, intense latent heating at higher elevation due to moist adiabatic cooling causes TLRs to decrease significantly in summer. The variation in net radiation due to differences in moisture, rainfall, cloud cover and air mass between higher (fewer) and lower (higher) elevations further contributes to reducing TLRs values in this season. Observed steeper values of TLRs at higher elevations and more shallow values at lower elevations are due to the thermal contrast between snow‐free ground and snow‐covered mountain terrain, as well as the effect of variations in air mass and moisture. Based on derived values, this article also estimates near‐surface temperature at higher elevations and analyses the precision of estimated values. Measurement of the lowest discrepancy (bias) between observed and estimated values from this study suggests that the estimation skills of the model are good enough. More precisely, including the smallest MSE from the jackknife regression and biases of the estimated values can be made for summer, perhaps due to the moisture controlled throughout the SETP, i.e. associated with the Indian monsoon. Higher MSE and biases are observed during winter and are due to the substantial effects of westerlies, as well as the station's geographical coordinate, local topography and microclimate. The MSE and the estimated biases are lowest at high‐elevation stations and are associated with the lower contaminating effects of the surface. This estimation model, using derived values from this investigation, could be useful for glacier‐hydro‐climatic and ecological modelling in this region.
Influence of Contrast Administration on Computed Tomography–Based Analysis of Visceral Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissue in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Paris Michael T. , Furberg Helena F. , Petruzella Stacey , Akin Oguz , Hötker Andreas M. , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) scans are being utilized to examine the influence of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose quantity and quality on health‐related outcomes in clinical populations. However, little is known about the influence of contrast administration on these parameters.MethodsPrecontrast, arterial, and 3‐minute postcontrast CT images of 45 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma were downloaded from The Cancer Imaging Archive and retrospectively analyzed for visceral adipose cross‐sectional area (CSA) and density, and muscle CSA and density at the third lumbar vertebrae. Low muscle CSA index was defined as ≤38.9 cm2/m2 for women and ≤55.4 cm2/m2 for men. Low muscle density was defined as <41 Hounsfield units (HU) for body mass index (BMI) <24.9 kg/m2 and <33 HU for BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2.ResultsIn both the arterial and 3‐minute phases, contrast administration decreased visceral adipose CSA (−20.9 and −20.9 cm2; P < .001) and increased visceral adipose density (4.8 and 5.8 HU; P < .001), relative to precontrast images. Muscle CSA index marginally increased in the arterial (0.6 cm2/m2; P = .007) and 3‐minute phases (0.8 cm2/m2; P < .001). This likely represents clinically insignificant changes because it does not alter the identification of low muscle CSA (44.4% vs 42.2%; P = 1.00). Skeletal muscle density increased in the arterial (6.4 HU; P < .001) and 3‐minute phases (8.7 HU; P < .001), which altered the identification of low muscle density (6.7% vs 31.1%; P < .001).ConclusionsFuture analyses should consider the phase of contrast during CT imaging because it may alter the interpretations of several parameters.
Definition der Vergesellschaftung (Assoziation) der Böden sowie deren Einstufung am Beispiel der ostfriesischen Nordseeinsel Borkum (TK‐2306)
Authors: Imamoglu Ali E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBei kleinen Kartenmaßstäben ist die Zusammenfassung der Kartiereinheilen unumgänglich. Es werden hier die in der Kartieranleitung (4. Auflage, 1995) vorgeschlagenen 7 Aggregierungsstufen am Beispiel der ostfriesischen Insel Borkum (TK‐2306) von der Punktbeschreibung bis zur Bodenregion vorgestellt.
Genotypic differences in uptake and translocation of cadmium in bean and maize inbred lines
Authors: Guo Yanliang , Marschner Horst 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor better understanding of mechanisms responsible for genotypic differences in uptake and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in different plant species, two maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines (B37 and F2) and a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar (Saxa) were grown in a complete nutrient solution with additional 0.5 μM Cd and 250 μM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of PC synthesis, alone or in combination. The maize line B37 had a much higher Cd content in shoots (116.2 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt.) than F2 (32.7 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt.) and bean (1.83 in leaves, and 2.85 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt. in stems), whereas in roots the Cd content was much higher in bean (602.6 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt.) than in maize (427.1 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt. in B37, and 428.2 mg Cd kg−1 dry wt. in F2). Application of BSO markedly decreased Cd contents in roots of bean and maize lines, and also Cd contents in shoots and stem basis of both maize lines, while Cd contents in leaves, stems and stem basis of bean were not reduced by BSO.In root extracts (Tris‐HCl buffer, pH 8.0) the proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction was much lower in bean (29.6%) than in the maize lines B37 (58.6%) and F2 (60.1%). Compared with the whole root tissue, Cd contents in the stele of the roots were much lower, especially in bean, and decreased by BSO in both maize lines, but not in bean.Gel‐chromatography of root extracts strongly suggested that in the soluble fraction about 80% of the Cd was present as Cd‐phytochelatin (PC) complexes in B37, whereas in F2 this Cd fraction accounted for about 50%, and in bean only for a few percent in the soluble fraction, Our results suggest that Cd‐PC complexes constitute a mobile form in plants. The lower proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction as well as lower PC production in roots of bean compared to maize lines may be the main reasons for the very low Cd translocation from roots to shoots in bean plants.
Identifying sediment source areas in a Mediterranean watershed using the SWAT model
Authors: Ricci Giovanni Francesco , De Girolamo Anna Maria , Abdelwahab Ossama M.M. , Gentile Francesco 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the suitability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model in simulating runoff and sediment loss in the Carapelle (SE Italy), a typical Mediterranean watershed, where continuous measurements of streamflow and sediment concentration were collected over a 5‐year period, on a half‐hour timescale, processed on a daily timescale. After sensitivity analysis, the model was calibrated and validated for runoff and sediment. Statistics show generally satisfactory efficiency. To further improve sediment simulation performance, we used a seasonal calibration scheme, in which data recorded in the dry and wet seasons were used to calibrate sediments separately, on a seasonal basis. We also tested the model's capability in identifying the major sediment source zones and river segments where there is sediment deposition. On the basin scale, the average water yield (186 mm) corresponds to 27% of the total rainfall (686 mm), and average annual sediment load was estimated to be 6.8 t ha−1 year−1. On the subbasin scale, a gradient of sediment yield was found that is characterised by a large difference among the upper (7 to 13 t ha−1 year−1), central, and lower parts (<1 t ha−1 year−1) of the study area. Conversely, deposition in channel flow has its highest values in the central part of the watershed, where there is an alluvial plain. Winter wheat and olive land use are the major source areas, in terms of sediment. This study confirms that the Mediterranean watershed is a fragile ecosystem, and measures are needed to mitigate soil depletion.
Protein/Polysaccharide‐Based Hydrogels Prepared by Vapor‐Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Wang Chang‐Sheng , Virgilio Nick , Wood‐Adams Paula M. , Heuzey Marie‐Claude 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe preparation of hydrogels via vapor‐induced phase separation (VIPS) has received limited attention. VIPS consists of exposing a solution containing a gelling agent to a vapor that induces gelation via mass transfer at the gas/liquid interface. Using mixtures of gelatin B and xanthan gum exposed to acetic acid vapor, it is demonstrated that VIPS is efficient for the preparation of protein/polysaccharide mixed gels. This method prevents the typical precipitation of protein/polysaccharide complexes observed in the strong electrostatic attraction regime. It significantly extends the pH window associated with gel formation, and yields mechanically stronger gels as compared to other preparation techniques such as using glucono delta‐lactone or the conventional dropwise pH adjustment technique. Finally, VIPS yields gels at very low gelling agent content, and for a variety of other mixed systems, including globular proteins such as bovine serum albumin.
Controllable Cross‐Linking Anion Exchange Membranes with Excellent Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Wang Chao , He Zhenfeng , Xie Xiaofeng , Mai Xianmin , Li Yingchun , Li Tingxi , Zhao Min , Yan Chao , Liu Hu , Wujcik Evan K. , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA new monomer called 2,2′‐(4,4′‐oxydiphenol‐4,4′‐diyl)bis(2‐methyl‐2,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro‐1H‐4,7‐methanoisoindol‐2‐ium) iodide (d3) is synthesized possessing both cross‐linker and functional groups. The membranes are formed by copolymerizing d3 with norbornene and (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)‐2‐methyl‐2‐(3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl)‐2,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro‐1H‐4,7‐methanoisoindol‐2‐ium iodide (a3) at varying ratios. The water uptake is 41.35% at 60 °C, and ion exchange capacity is 2.35 mequiv g−1 for a mole ratio of a3, norbornene, and d3 (1:6:3). The conductivity is 12, 37, and 40 mS cm−1 when d3 is decreased. Meanwhile, the conductivity increases quickly with increasing the temperature. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and thermal properties are improved, attributed to the increased cross‐linker. The membrane has a tensile strength of 41.3 MPa and the elongation at break of 38.0 %, and the 5 wt% loss temperature for membrane is ≈159 °C. The H2/O2 single fuel cells with this membrane show a maximum power density of 124 mW cm−2 at 50 °C. The cross‐linked membranes demonstrate high‐dimensional stability in alkaline solution.
Phase Behavior of a Flexible Star Polymer Chain in Good Solvent near an Attractive Surface
Authors: Douah Sarra , Sabeur Sid Ahmed 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe phase behavior of a flexible star polymer chain in good solvent near an attractive surface is investigated by multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations where the specific heat, the parallel and the perpendicular components of the gyration tensor, and the fraction of adsorbed monomers are computed. Temperature–surface attraction strength pseudo‐phase diagrams are constructed for three chain lengths (N = 31, 41, 61) with three numbers of arms (f = 3, 4, 6). The star polymer chain adopts a desorbed expanded conformation for high temperatures and low surface attraction strength. With decreasing temperature and for sufficient surface attraction strength, the star polymer chain undergoes a transition from 3D to a 2D structure. At low temperatures, the chain is mostly adsorbed for low surface attraction strength and adopts a two‐layer arrangement at high values of the latter. In this context, it is also found that the phase behavior of flexible star polymer chains in good solvent near an attractive surface is affected by the number of arms f and that a star polymer chain with a high number of arms is necessary for a precise classification of all intermediate pseudo phases.
Recent progress in the antiviral activity and mechanism study of pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives
Authors: Xiao Sulong , Tian Zhenyu , Wang Yufei , Si Longlong , Zhang Lihe , Zhou Demin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractViral infections cause many serious human diseases with high mortality rates. New drug‐resistant strains are continually emerging due to the high viral mutation rate, which makes it necessary to develop new antiviral agents. Compounds of plant origin are particularly interesting. The pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) are a diverse class of natural products from plants composed of three terpene units. They exhibit antitumor, anti‐inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Oleanolic, betulinic, and ursolic acids are representative PTs widely present in nature with a broad antiviral spectrum. This review focuses on the recent literatures in the antiviral efficacy of this class of phytochemicals and their derivatives. In addition, their modes of action are also summarized.
A Mark–Recapture-Based Approach for Estimating Angler Harvest
Authors: Hansen Jon M. , Van Kirk Robert W. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Fishing effort in “traditional” creel surveys is derived from instantaneous angler counts, which in some fisheries can carry a high cost in personnel time, resources, and safety. To estimate angler effort more efficiently and at lower cost, we used mark–recapture methods to estimate weekly angler populations in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss fisheries on the Salmon River, Idaho. Weekly harvest estimates were the product of weekly angler population, mean number of days fished per angler per week, and mean harvest per angler per day. We compared traditional and mark–recapture estimates of weekly harvest using paired analysis on a sample of 48 weeks. We found no significant difference in harvest estimates between traditional and mark–recapture methods, and the mark–recapture estimates in our fisheries could be made at a savings of up to 50% in vehicle mileage associated with conducting angler counts. However, the width of 95% CIs around harvest estimates was significantly higher for the mark–recapture method, due to higher upper confidence limits resulting from right-skewness of the sampling distribution of the mark–recapture-based estimator. Precision could be improved by replacing time spent on counts in the traditional method with more time spent “capturing” anglers at access sites, still providing savings in vehicle mileage.
Optimization of Hook Size to Reduce Discards and Injury in the New Jersey Summer Flounder Hook-and-Line Fishery
Authors: Salierno J. D. , Overton A. S. , Benson C. L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Catch-and-release angling introduces potential mortality in discarded fish, yet their survival is essential for maintaining fish stocks. Regulation of hook size in the hook-and-line fishery for Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus can reduce the number of discards as well as hook injury associated with catch and release. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different J-hooks on discards and the effect of hook set location in Summer Flounder. We evaluated the influence of eight different-sized J-hooks (2/0–9/0) on Summer Flounder (N = 7,764) catch composition in coastal New Jersey during the spring and summer of 2014. Fish TL and the hook location were recorded for each Summer Flounder. Hook set locations included lip, mouth, eye, gill, gut, and external foul (i.e., viscera or muscle). Larger J-hooks (6/0–9/0) caught larger fish (381–406 mm TL) than 2/0–5/0 hooks (365–381 mm TL). In addition, larger J-hooks (6/0–9/0) decreased the total number of fish caught and the number of discards, with no reductions in legal-sized fish caught compared to smaller hooks (2/0–5/0). The majority of fish were hooked either in the lip or in the mouth. Larger hooks decreased hooking in the gut and increased external foul hooking compared to smaller hooks. We conclude that larger J-hooks outperform smaller hooks by catching larger fish, reducing the number of discarded fish, and reducing the incidence of fish hooked in the gut. Therefore, the use of larger hooks has the potential to reduce discards and the discard mortality rate related to catch and release in the Summer Flounder hook-and-line fishery.
Diffusion tensor imaging MRI of sickle cell kidney disease: initial results and comparison with iron deposition
Authors: Donnola Shannon B. , Piccone Connie M. , Lu Lan , Batesole Joshua , Little Jane , Dell Katherine M. , Flask Chris A. 
Published: January 2018

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs in over one‐third of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and can progress to end‐stage renal disease. Unfortunately, current clinical assessments of kidney function are insensitive to early‐stage CKD. Previous studies have shown that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can sensitively detect regional renal microstructural changes associated with early‐stage CKD. However, previous MRI studies in patients with SCD have been largely limited to the detection of renal iron deposition assessed by T2* relaxometry. In this pilot imaging study, we compare MRI assessments of renal microstructure (diffusion) and iron deposition (T2*) in patients with SCD and in non‐SCD control subjects. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2* relaxometry MRI data were obtained for pediatric (n = 5) and adult (n = 4) patients with SCD, as well as for non‐SCD control subjects (n = 10), on a Siemens Espree 1.5‐T MRI scanner. A region‐of‐interest analysis was used to calculate mean medullary and cortical values for each MRI metric. MRI findings were also compared with clinical assessments of renal function and hemolysis. Patients with SCD showed a significant decrease in medullary fractional anisotropy (FA, p = 0.0001) in comparison with non‐SCD subjects, indicative of microstructural alterations in the renal medulla of patients with SCD. Cortical and medullary reductions in T2* (increased iron deposition, p = ≤0.0001) were also observed. Significant correlations were also observed between kidney T2* assessments and multiple measures of hemolysis. This is the first DTI MRI study of patients with SCD to demonstrate reductions in medullary FA despite no overt CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 100 mL/min/1.73 m2]. These medullary FA changes are consistent with previous studies in patients with CKD, and suggest that DTI MRI can provide a useful measure of kidney injury to complement MRI assessments of iron deposition.
Observer‐based fuzzy adaptive optimal control for nonlinear continuous‐time saturation interconnected systems
Authors: Wang Tiechao , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA fuzzy adaptive optimal output‐feedback control problem is investigated for nonlinear continuous‐time interconnected systems with saturation constraints. The system dynamics and the mismatched interconnections of each subsystem are unknown, and each subsystem contains unavailable states. Based on fuzzy logic systems, a fuzzy state observer is designed to approximate the unknown system states and the interconnections of the nonlinear interconnected system. By using adaptive dynamic programming technology, the decentralized optimal controller of each subsystem is given and the saturation control input is updated via the critic fuzzy logic systems. The proposed fuzzy adaptive observer‐based optimal control scheme can guarantee that the closed‐loop interconnected system is ultimately uniformly bounded stable. A simulation example validates the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
NOURISH‐T: Targeting caregivers to improve health behaviors in pediatric cancer survivors with obesity
Authors: Stern Marilyn , Bleck Jennifer , Ewing Linda J. , Davila Esther , Lynn Courtney , Hale Gregory , Mazzeo Suzanne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundObesity rates in pediatric cancer survivors (PCS) are alarmingly high. Although healthy lifestyle changes may prevent future health complications, promoting healthy behaviors in PCS is challenging, and few interventions have successfully addressed this issue.ProcedureThis randomized control trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a parent‐focused six‐session intervention, NOURISH‐T (Nourishing Our Understanding of Role Modeling to Improve Support and Health for Healthy Transitions), compared with enhanced usual care (EUC) on the outcomes of caregiver and PCS anthropometric measurements, eating behaviors, and physical activity. Behavioral and self‐report assessments of caregivers and PCS in both conditions were conducted at baseline, postintervention, and at a 4‐month follow‐up.ResultsIn comparison to no change among EUC caregivers, NOURISH‐T caregivers showed small yet significant decreases from baseline through follow‐up on BMI, waist‐hip ratio, and total daily caloric intake. However, there was no change with regard to daily fat and sugar intake. NOURISH‐T caregivers also showed positive changes in their child feeding behaviors, including decreases in pressuring their child to eat and restricting their child's eating and increased eating together as a family. Similarly, decreases in BMI percentile, waist‐hip ratio, and sugary beverage consumption were found for NOURISH‐T PCS from baseline to postintervention. NOURISH‐T PCS also significantly increased their daily steps, whereas EUC PCS decreased their daily steps.ConclusionsResults suggest that an intervention targeting parents is feasible and demonstrates preliminary effectiveness. NOURISH‐T showed a longer term effect on caregivers, and, although shorter term effect, a positive impact on the PCS themselves. Implications for ways to improve NOURISH‐T as an intervention for increasing healthy behaviors of PCS are discussed.