bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid chemoreceptors tune breathing via multipath routing: reticular chain and loop operations supported by parallel spike train correlations
Authors: Morris Kendall F. , Nuding Sarah C. , Segers Lauren S. , Iceman Kimberly E. , O’Connor Russell , Dean Jay B. , Ott Mackenzie M. , Alencar Pierina A. , Shuman Dale , Horton Kofi-Kermit , Taylor-Clark Thomas E. , Bolser Donald C. , Lindsey Bruce G. 
Published: October 2017

We tested the hypothesis that carotid chemoreceptors tune breathing through parallel circuit paths that target distinct elements of an inspiratory neuron chain in the ventral respiratory column (VRC). Microelectrode arrays were used to monitor neuronal spike trains simultaneously in the VRC, peri-nucleus tractus solitarius (p-NTS)-medial medulla, the dorsal parafacial region of the lateral tegmental field (FTL-pF), and medullary raphe nuclei together with phrenic nerve activity during selective stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors or transient hypoxia in 19 decerebrate, neuromuscularly blocked, and artificially ventilated cats. Of 994 neurons tested, 56% had a significant change in firing rate. A total of 33,422 cell pairs were evaluated for signs of functional interaction; 63% of chemoresponsive neurons were elements of at least one pair with correlational signatures indicative of paucisynaptic relationships. We detected evidence for postinspiratory neuron inhibition of rostral VRC I-Driver (pre-Bötzinger) neurons, an interaction predicted to modulate breathing frequency, and for reciprocal excitation between chemoresponsive p-NTS neurons and more downstream VRC inspiratory neurons for control of breathing depth. Chemoresponsive pericolumnar tonic expiratory neurons, proposed to amplify inspiratory drive by disinhibition, were correlationally linked to afferent and efferent “chains” of chemoresponsive neurons extending to all monitored regions. The chains included coordinated clusters of chemoresponsive FTL-pF neurons with functional links to widespread medullary sites involved in the control of breathing. The results support long-standing concepts on brain stem network architecture and a circuit model for peripheral chemoreceptor modulation of breathing with multiple circuit loops and chains tuned by tegmental field neurons with quasi-periodic discharge patterns.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the long-standing hypothesis that carotid chemoreceptors tune the frequency and depth of breathing through parallel circuit operations targeting the ventral respiratory column. Responses to stimulation of the chemoreceptors and identified functional connectivity support differential tuning of inspiratory neuron burst duration and firing rate and a model of brain stem network architecture incorporating tonic expiratory “hub” neurons regulated by convergent neuronal chains and loops through rostral lateral tegmental field neurons with quasi-periodic discharge patterns.
Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise on Biomarkers Associated with Angiogenesis
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Tapsoba Jean de Dieu , Wang Ching-Yun , Schubert Karen E. Foster , McTiernan Anne 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: We tested the effect of weight loss on circulating levels of the angiogenic factors VEGF and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in postmenopausal overweight/obese women, 18 months after completing a year-long 4-arm randomized controlled trial of behavioral weight loss and/or exercise versus control (i.e., 30 months postrandomization).
Methods: The 439 overweight/obese, postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 75 years, were randomized to: diet (goal: 10% weight loss, N = 118), exercise (225 min/wk moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), diet + exercise (N = 117), or control (N = 87). At 12 months, 399 women gave a blood sample; 156 returned at 30 months. Biomarkers were measured by immunoassay. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline BMI, age, and race/ethnicity.
Results: Participants randomized to diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms had greater reductions in VEGF at 30 months (−14.1% P = 0.02; −19.7% P = 0.003; −14.5% P = 0.002, respectively) versus controls (−4.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in PEDF in any intervention arm. Participants maintaining ≥10% of baseline weight loss at 30 months had greater reductions in VEGF versus those who gained weight/had no weight change (−22.3% vs. −10.2% respectively, P = 0.002). Participants maintaining any weight loss had significantly lower levels of PEDF at 30 months versus those who gained weight/no weight change.
Conclusions: Sustained weight loss via diet and/or exercise results in reductions in angiogenic factors, and can be maintained up to 30-month follow-up. Limitations include relatively small numbers, and possible bias toward more successful weight loss among women who returned at 30 months.
Impact: Maintaining weight loss can achieve long-term reductions in biomarkers of angiogenesis that can persist up to 18 months after completion of a weight loss intervention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1788–94. ©2017 AACR.
Spinal Cord Injury Following Antegrade Scrotal Sclerotherapy for Varcicocele: A Case Report
Authors: Rossi Maxime , Jacobs Daniel , Wespes Eric , Roumeguère Thierry , Raynal Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Varicocele is one of the causes of male infertility. Treatment aims to improve the chance of conception despite lasting controversies about benefits of varicocele repair on fertility. Many techniques have been described for varicocele management including the antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy (ASS). Interestingly, ASS is often presented as a safe, easy, and cost-effective procedure with low recurrence and complication rates. However, we report the first case of spinal cord paralysis following ASS probably due to embolization of venous anastomoses between left spermatic and ascending lumbar veins, which were undetected at preoperative phlebography. Based on this case and recent literature, we raise questions about the safety of ASS and try to figure out what would be the best way to improve the detectability of potential harmful anastomoses at preoperative phlebography.
Mortality and Cerebrovascular Events After Heart Rhythm Disorder Management Procedures
Authors: Lee Justin Z. , Ling Jayna , Diehl Nancy N. , Hodge David O. , Padmanabhan Deepak , Killu Ammar M. , Madhavan Malini , Noseworthy Peter A. , Kapa Suraj , McLeod Christopher J. , Cha Yong-Mei , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Srivathsan Komandoor , Kusumoto Fred M. , Shen Win-Kuang , Friedman Paul A. , Munger Thomas M. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Packer Douglas L. , Mulpuru Siva K. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Recognition of rates and causes of hard, patient-centered outcomes of death and cerebrovascular events (CVEs) after heart rhythm disorder management (HRDM) procedures is an essential step for the development of quality improvement programs in electrophysiology laboratories. Our primary aim was to assess and characterize death and CVEs (stroke or transient ischemic attack) after HRDM procedures over a 17-year period.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing HRDM procedures between January 2000 and November 2016 at the Mayo Clinic. Patients from all 3 tertiary academic centers (Rochester, Phoenix, and Jacksonville) were included in the study. All in-hospital deaths and CVEs after HRDM procedures were identified and were further characterized as directly or indirectly related to the HRDM procedure. Subgroup analysis of death and CVE rates was performed for ablation, device implantation, electrophysiology study, lead extraction, and defibrillation threshold testing procedures.

Results:
A total of 48 913 patients (age, 65.7±6.6 years; 64% male) who underwent a total of 62 065 HRDM procedures were included in the study. The overall mortality and CVE rates in the cohort were 0.36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.42) and 0.12% (95% CI, 0.09–0.16), respectively. Patients undergoing lead extraction had the highest overall mortality rate at 1.9% (95% CI, 1.34–2.61) and CVE rate at 0.62% (95% CI, 0.32–1.07). Among patients undergoing HRDM procedures, 48% of deaths directly related to the HDRM procedure were among patients undergoing device implantation procedures. Overall, cardiac tamponade was the most frequent direct cause of death (40%), and infection was the most common indirect cause of death (29%). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 0.76%, with the highest being in lead extraction procedures (3.08%), followed by device implantation procedures (0.94%).

Conclusions:
Half of the deaths directly related to an HRDM procedure were among the patients undergoing device implantation procedures, with cardiac tamponade being the most common cause of death. This highlights the importance of the development of protocols for the quick identification and management of cardiac tamponade even in procedures typically believed to be lower risk such as device implantation.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Heterogeneity Across Event Subtypes and Mediating Effect of Blood Biomarkers: The PRIME Study
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Tafflet Muriel , Arveiler Dominique , Montaye Michèle , Wagner Aline , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Kee Frank , Evans Alun , Amouyel Philippe , Ferrieres Jean , Empana Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the association between baseline cardiovascular health (
CVH
) and incident cardiovascular disease differs according to coronary heart disease (
CHD
) and stroke subtypes, and to assess the mediating effect of inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers.

Methods and Results

The association of ideal
CVH
with outcomes was derived in 9312 middle‐aged men from Northern Ireland and France (whole cohort) in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The mediating effect of baseline inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers was evaluated in a case–control study nested within the cohort after 10 years of follow‐up. After a median follow‐up of 10 years, 614 first
CHD
events and 117 first stroke events were adjudicated. Compared with those with poor
CVH
, those with an ideal
CVH
profile at baseline had a 72% lower risk of
CHD
(hazard ratio=0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.17; 0.46) and a 76% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio =0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.06; 0.98). The magnitude of the risk reductions was similar for incident angina and myocardial infarction, but was lower for ischemic stroke. In the controls, the mean concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein,
IL
‐6, and fibrinogen decreased with higher
CVH
status. Furthermore, the association of behavioral
CVH
with incident
CHD
was partly mediated by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (16.69%),
IL
‐6 (8.52%), and fibrinogen (7.30%)

Conclusions

Our study shows no clear heterogeneity in the association of baseline
CVH
with the main subtypes of cardiovascular disease. This supports a universal promotion of ideal
CVH
for all cardiovascular disease subtypes. Furthermore, our mediation analysis suggests that the lower risk of
CHD
associated with ideal
CVH
is partly mediated by lower inflammatory and hemostatic blood biomarkers.
Sex Differential in 15‐Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Levels in the Lumen of Human Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Jabbour Pascal , Zanaty Mario , Starke Robert M. , Torner James , Nakagawa Daichi , Hasan David M. 
Published: October 2017

Background

Aspirin is a promising medical therapy for the prevention of intracranial aneurysm (
IA
) rupture. Recently, we found that men have a better response to aspirin than women. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a sex differential exists in the level of 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐
PGDH
) in the lumen of human
IA
s.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients undergoing coiling or stent‐assisted coiling for a saccular
IA
at our institution were enrolled. Two samples (A and B) were collected from
IA
lumens, and the plasma level of 15‐
PGDH
was measured using an
ELISA
‐based method. The study included 38 patients, with 20 women and 18 men. Women and men were comparable on baseline characteristics. The mean plasma concentration of 15‐
PGDH
did not differ statistically between sample A (62.8±16.2 ng/mL) and sample B (61.8±17.9 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval −6.6 to 9.4). The mean plasma concentration of 15‐
PGDH
in
IA
lumens of samples A and B was significantly higher in men (73.8±13.5 ng/mL) than women (49.6±7.8 ng/mL;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Higher enzyme levels of 15‐
PGDH
exist in the lumen of
IA
s of men compared with women. This observation could explain why aspirin confers better protection against
IA
rupture in men than in women. The susceptibility of an individual to aspirin may differ according to the level of 15‐
PGDH
.
Kultur und Identität. Wörtliches Übersetzen in der Septuaginta
Authors: Ziegert Carsten 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article seeks to evaluate why the translators of the Septuagint often preferred literal to free renderings. After some general remarks on levels of literalness the author evaluates possible explanations for the literal renderings in the Septuagint. An alternative interpretation draws on the theories of the translation theorists Schleiermacher (1813) and Venuti (1995). It explains literalism as being rooted in the desire for conservation of the Jewish identity within the context of Hellenistic culture with the hebraicizing style serving as a means of resistance to Hellenism.
Who Conquered Hebron? Apologetic and Polemical Tendencies in the Story of Caleb in Josh 14
Authors: Kugler Gili 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper analyzes the story of Caleb and Hebron in Joshua 14 in relation to the traditions of Caleb’s involvement in the spies’ mission in the desert and other traditions regarding the conquest of Hebron. Comparison of the different traditions reveals the narrator’s endeavor to legitimize the presence of non-Judean groups within the territory of Judah towards the end of the first temple period, while at the same time challenging the image of Joshua as the pan-Israelite conqueror of the land.
Enhanced Irrigant Delivery to the Ethmoid Sinuses Directly Following Ethmoid Punch Sinusotomy
Authors: Abuzeid Waleed M. , Peterson Asa Z. , Rathor Aakanksha , Xu Jordan C. , Velasquez Nathalia , Rashan Ali R. , Thamboo Andrew , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Ethmoid punch sinusotomy (EPS) is a feasible treatment for ethmoid sinusitis in a subset of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients per a recent report. This adjunctive work investigates the technical characteristics of EPS and determines if EPS measurably alters the topical delivery of irrigant into the ethmoid sinuses in a cadaveric model. Methods: The sinonasal cavities of 10 human cadaver heads were irrigated with a solution containing methylene blue and radio-opaque contrast prior to and following EPS. Procedural characteristics and irrigant distribution were assessed by endoscopy and computed tomography. Results: Forty EPS procedures were performed through the ethmoid bulla and basal lamella. Compared to controls, EPS enhanced dye distribution into the anterior (90% vs 35%, P < .004) and posterior (90% vs 35%, P < .002) ethmoid sinuses, representing a 157% increase for each of these sites. Contrast was detected in a higher proportion of anterior (65% vs 5%, P < .001) and posterior (60% vs 0%, P < .001) ethmoid sinuses. Endoscopically guided catheter instillation of contrast through the EPS sites achieved radiotracer distribution throughout the ethmoid complex. Conclusions: Ethmoid punch sinusotomy sites can be reliably created via micro-minimally invasive procedures. Ethmoid punch sinusotomy improves irrigant delivery to the ethmoid sinuses, providing mechanistic understanding for the clinical outcomes observed in CRS patients.
Cognitive behavioural therapy halves the risk of repeated suicide attempts: systematic review
Authors: Gøtzsche Peter C , Gøtzsche Pernille K 
Published: October 2017

Objective To study whether cognitive behavioural therapy decreases suicide attempts in people with previous suicide attempts. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting Randomised trials that compare cognitive behavioural therapy with treatment as usual. Participants Patients who had engaged in any type of suicide attempt in the six months prior to trial entry resulting in presentation to clinical services. Main outcome measure Suicide attempt. Results We included ten trials, eight from Cochrane reviews and two from our updated searches (1241 patients, 219 of whom had at least one new suicide attempt). Cognitive behavioural therapy compared to treatment as usual reduced the risk of a new suicide attempt; risk ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.73; p = 0.0009; I2 = 57%. Only seven suicides were reported (3 versus 4). One trial had an unusually large effect; if this trial is excluded, the risk ratio becomes 0.61 (0.46–0.80) and the heterogeneity in the results disappears (I2 = 0%). Conclusions Cognitive behavioural therapy reduces not only repeated self-harm but also repeated suicide attempts. It should be the preferred treatment for all patients with depression.
Postoperative complications after lower extremity arterial bypass increase the risk of new deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Lehman Erik , Blebea John , Lurie Fedor 
Published: October 2017

Background Deep venous thrombosis after any surgical operations is considered a preventable complication. Lower extremity bypass surgery is a commonly performed operation to improve blood flow to lower extremities in patients with severe peripheral arterial disease. Despite advances in endovascular surgery, lower extremity arterial bypass remains the gold standard treatment for severe, symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical risk factors associated with development of deep venous thrombosis after lower extremity bypass surgery. Methods The American College of Surgeons’ NSQIP database was utilized and all lower extremity bypass procedures performed in 2013 were examined. Patient and procedural characteristics were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for the development of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Results A total of 2646 patients (65% males and 35% females) underwent lower extremity open revascularization during the year 2013. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with postoperative deep venous thrombosis: transfusion >4 units of packed red blood cells (odds ratio (OR) = 5.21, confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–22.81, p = 0.03), postoperative urinary tract infection (OR = 12.59, CI = 4.12–38.48, p < 0.01), length of hospital stay >28 days (OR = 9.30, CI = 2.79–30.92, p < 0.01), bleeding (OR = 2.93, CI = 1.27–6.73, p = 0.01), deep wound infection (OR = 3.21, CI = 1.37–7.56, p < 0.01), and unplanned reoperation (OR = 4.57, CI = 2.03–10.26, p < 0.01). Of these, multivariable analysis identified the factors independently associated with development of deep venous thrombosis after lower extremity bypass surgery to be unplanned reoperation (OR = 3.57, CI = 1.54–8.30, p < 0.01), reintubation (OR = 8.93, CI = 2.66–29.97, p < 0.01), and urinary tract infection (OR = 7.64, CI = 2.27–25.73, p < 0.01). Presence of all three factors was associated with a 54% incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Conclusions Development of deep venous thrombosis after lower extremity bypass is a serious but infrequent complication. Patients who require unplanned return to the operating room, reintubation, or develop a postoperative urinary tract are at high risk for developing postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Increased monitoring of these patients and ensuring adequate deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis for such patients is suggested.
Dutch courage? Effects of acute alcohol consumption on self-ratings and observer ratings of foreign language skills
Authors: Renner Fritz , Kersbergen Inge , Field Matt , Werthmann Jessica 
Published: October 2017

Aims: A popular belief is that alcohol improves the ability to speak in a foreign language. The effect of acute alcohol consumption on perceived foreign language performance and actual foreign language performance in foreign language learners has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to test the effects of acute alcohol consumption on self-rated and observer-rated verbal foreign language performance in participants who have recently learned this language. Methods: Fifty native German speakers who had recently learned Dutch were randomized to receive either a low dose of alcohol or a control beverage that contained no alcohol. Following the experimental manipulation, participants took part in a standardized discussion in Dutch with a blinded experimenter. The discussion was audio-recorded and foreign language skills were subsequently rated by two native Dutch speakers who were blind to the experimental condition (observer-rating). Participants also rated their own individual Dutch language skills during the discussion (self-rating). Results: Participants who consumed alcohol had significantly better observer-ratings for their Dutch language, specifically better pronunciation, compared with those who did not consume alcohol. However, alcohol had no effect on self-ratings of Dutch language skills. Conclusions: Acute alcohol consumption may have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language in people who have recently learned that language.
Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligament Transection in Morton’s Neuroma Excision: A Cadaveric Study Examining Effects on Metatarsal Alignment
Authors: Preston Nathaniel , Peterson Daniel , Allen Jamey , Kawalec Jill S. , Whitaker Jeffrey 
Published: October 2017

Background. In the dorsal incisional approach for Morton’s neuroma, it is required to transect the deep transverse metatarsal ligament (DTML) that lies in the interspace between the third and fourth metatarsal heads. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between transection of the DTML in the third intermetatarsal space and the metatarsal alignment. Methods. Nine human cadaveric lower extremity limbs were used for this study. Each limb was mounted to the MTS 858 Mini Bionix biomechanical test system and loaded to 120% of the donor’s documented body weight at a rate of 15 lbf/s, in order to simulate peak weightbearing ground reactive forces on the forefoot. Preoperative and immediate postoperative radiographs were obtained. Cyclic loading was then performed to simulate 1 month of full weightbearing. Radiographs were repeated and metatarsal alignment was analyzed. Results. A statistically significant difference was noted with intermetatarsal angle (IMA) 1-2 and IMA 1-4. The IMA 1-2 after 1 month cycling time showed statistical significant difference from those found immediately postoperatively (P < .05). Average increase in IMA 1-2 from preoperative to 1 month cycling time was 2.18°. The power of the analyses for IMA 1-2 was 0.992. Regarding the IMA 1-4, data recorded at 1 week and 1 month cycling times showed a statistically significant difference compared to the preoperative IMA 1-4 (P < .05). Average increase in IM 1-4 angles from preoperative to 1 month cycling time was an increase of 1.79°. The power of the analyses for IM 1-4 angles was 0.953. Conclusion. Technically, 2.18° increase in IMA 1-2 or 1.79° increase in IM 1-4 would be considered an abnormal widening of the forefoot, but clinically, these values could not be detected; nor should they deter a surgeon or patient from undergoing a Morton’s neurectomy via a dorsal incisional approach. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Cadaveric study