bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of forest regrowth on soil hydraulic properties and erosion in a semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: Leite Pedro A.M. , de Souza Eduardo S. , dos Santos Eduardo S. , Gomes Rafael J. , Cantalice José R. , Wilcox Bradford P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDryland tropical forests are important but little‐understood ecosystems. These landscapes are at risk globally because of accelerated deforestation and the consequent losses of hydrological functions. An example is the Caatinga shrublands in northeastern Brazil; these dry tropical forests are undergoing rapid change as the land is converted to cultivated cropland and pastureland and then often abandoned after the land is exhausted, allowing forests to regrow. In this study, we evaluated how these changes influence soil hydraulic properties and soil erosion in Caatinga landscapes, by examining four sites of different ages: a recently abandoned pasture, a young (7 years of regrowth) secondary forest, an intermediate (35 years of regrowth) secondary forest, and an older (more than 55 years) forest. Rainfall simulation was used to assess soil infiltrability and susceptibility to erosion. In addition, we determined hydrological conductivity in the field using the Beerkan method (Kfs) and collected samples for laboratory‐determined measurements (Ks). We found that infiltrability and Kfs values were progressively higher as time since land abandonment increased, whereas Ks values were not significantly different across sites. Infiltrability was approximately 2 times smaller than Ks and Kfs—possibly owing to the formation of soil crusts from raindrop impact. Soil erosion did not show a progressive improvement with forest age and was better explained by site characteristics, such as herbaceous cover and slope. In general, our results suggest that in Caatinga landscapes, more than 35 years is required for the recovery of soil hydraulic properties following land abandonment.
Offset analgesia: The role of peripheral and central mechanisms
Authors: Ligato D. , Petersen K.K. , Mørch C.D. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundOffset Analgesia (OA) can be evoked by a three‐heat‐stimulus train (T1‐T2‐T3), with T1 (5 s) and T3 (20 s) having the same temperature (e.g. 48 °C) and T2 (5 s) being slightly higher (1–3 °C). OA is defined as a disproportional pain reduction caused by the slight temperature decrease from T2 to T3. As the pain modulatory mechanisms behind OA are still poorly understood, the current study aimed to investigate the role of peripheral and central mechanisms by applying heat stimuli to the same location and to different unilateral and bilateral locations.MethodYoung healthy volunteers participated in the study. A ‘standard‐OA’ paradigm (48–49–48 °C) was applied to the non‐dominant volar forearm (T1–T2–T3 applied on the same location). ‘Unilateral‐OA’ trials were applied on three different locations of the non‐dominant volar forearm (the same dermatome). ‘Bilateral‐OA’ trials were applied by shifting T1–T2–T3 between dominant and non‐dominant volar forearms. A constant stimulus of 48 °C was applied as control for the evoked pain. The pain intensities were continuously recorded using an electronic visual analogue scale.ResultsThe largest pain intensity reduction was reported for the ‘standard‐OA’ paradigm (p < 0.001) compared with the control stimulus. Both ‘Unilateral‐OA’ and ‘Bilateral‐OA’ trials caused a significant pain reduction (p < 0.05) compared with the control; however, the pain reduction was less than that evoked by ‘standard‐OA’ (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that OA could be elicited when the stimuli were applied both to the same and to different locations (ipsi‐ and contralateral) indicating that peripheral as well as central mechanisms are involved in mediating OA.SignificanceThis study investigated offset analgesia by applying thermal painful stimuli to the ipsi‐ and bilateral forearms in healthy subjects and found that both peripheral and central mechanisms seem to mediate offset analgesia.
Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Forensic Electrochemistry: Detection of Cocaine and its Adulterants Paracetamol, Caffeine and Levamisole
Authors: Rocha Diego P. , Dornellas Rafael M. , Nossol Edson , Richter Eduardo M. , Silva Sidnei G. , Santana Mário H. P. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis communication shows the improved performance of electrochemically‐reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified electrodes for the square‐wave voltammetric detection of cocaine (COC) and its main adulterants paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and levamisole (LEV). The four compounds can be identified in a single voltammetric scan on the ERGO‐modified electrode with adequate resolution of peaks and increase in current (at least 2‐fold) in comparison with the unmodified electrode. Moreover, electrode fouling typically verified during the oxidation of CAF and LEV is eliminated. CAF and PAR were determined in a real COC sample and satisfactory recovery values were obtained (103 and 85 %, respectively).
A novel efficient hybrid DSMC–dynamic collision limiter algorithm for multiscale transitional flows
Authors: G Malaikannan , Kumar Rakesh , Chinnappan Arun Kumar 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA new 2D parallel multispecies polyatomic particle–based hybrid flow solver is developed by coupling the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method with a novel Dynamic Collision Limiter (DCL) approach to solve multiscale transitional flows. The hybrid DSMC‐DCL solver can solve nonequilibrium multiscale flows with length scales ranging from continuum to rarefied. The DCL method, developed in this work, dynamically assigns different number of collisions in cells, which is based on the local value of K‐S parameter such that the number of collisions per time step is limited in near‐equilibrium flow regions. Present hybrid solver uses the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov statistical test as the continuum breakdown parameter, based on which, the solution domain is decomposed into near‐equilibrium and nonequilibrium flow regions. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo is used where nonequilibrium flow regions are encountered, while the DCL method is used where flow regions are found to be in near‐equilibrium state. In this work, we have studied hypersonic flow of nitrogen over a blunt body with an aerospike and supersonic flow of argon through a micronozzle. The results obtained by the hybrid DSMC‐DCL solver are compared and shown to agree well with the experimental data and with those obtained from DSMC, with significant savings in the computational cost.
Momentum‐based approximation of incompressible multiphase fluid flows
Authors: Cappanera Loïc , Guermond Jean‐Luc , Herreman Wietze , Nore Caroline 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe introduce a time stepping technique using the momentum as dependent variable to solve incompressible multiphase problems. The main advantage of this approach is that the mass matrix is time‐independent making this technique suitable for spectral methods. A level set method is applied to reconstruct the fluid properties such as density. We also introduce a stabilization method using an entropy‐viscosity technique and a compression technique to limit the flattening of the level set function. We extend our algorithm to immiscible conducting fluids by coupling the incompressible Navier‐Stokes and the Maxwell equations. We validate the proposed algorithm against analytical and manufactured solutions. Results on test cases such as Newton's bucket problem and a variation thereof are provided. Surface tension effects are tested on benchmark problems involving bubbles. A numerical simulation of a phenomenon related to the industrial production of aluminium is presented at the end of the paper.
Convergence acceleration of continuous adjoint solvers using a reduced‐order model
Authors: Kaminsky Andrew L. , Djeddi Reza , Ekici Kivanc 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA novel acceleration technique using a reduced‐order model is presented to speed up convergence of continuous adjoint solvers. The acceleration is achieved by projecting to an improved solution within an iterative process solely using early solution results. This is achieved by forming basis vectors from early iteration adjoint solutions to perform model order reduction of the adjoint equations. The reduced‐order model of the adjoint equations is then substituted into the full‐order discretized governing equations to determine weighting coefficients for each basis vector. With these coefficients, a linear combination of the basis vectors is used to project to an improved solution. The method is applied to 3 inviscid quasi‐1D nozzle flow cases including fully subsonic flow, subsonic inlet to supersonic outlet flow, and transonic flow with a shock. Significant cost reductions are achieved for a single application as well as repeated applications of the convergence acceleration technique.
50 years of rational‐emotive and cognitive‐behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: David Daniel , Cotet Carmen , Matu Silviu , Mogoase Cristina , Stefan Simona 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveRational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), introduced by Albert Ellis in the late 1950s, is one of the main pillars of cognitive‐behavioral therapy. Existing reviews on REBT are overdue by 10 years or more. We aimed to summarize the effectiveness and efficacy of REBT since its beginnings and investigate the alleged mechanisms of change.MethodSystematic search identified 84 articles, out of which 68 provided data for between‐group analyses and 39 for within‐group analyses.ResultsWe found a medium effect size of REBT compared to other interventions on outcomes (d = 0.58) and on irrational beliefs (d = 0.70), at posttest. For the within‐group analyses, we obtained medium effects for both outcomes (d = 0.56) and irrational beliefs (d = 0.61). Several significant moderators emerged.ConclusionREBT is a sound psychological intervention. Directions for future studies are outlined, stemming from the limitations of existing ones.
Catalytic distillation for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol: promising SS‐fiber@HZSM‐5 catalytic packings and experimental optimization via response surface methodology
Authors: Deng Tao , Ding Jia , Zhao Guofeng , Liu Ye , Lu Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCatalytic distillation (CD) is considered a promising green chemical process for numerous catalytic esterification reactions. Rendering novel structured CD packings is particularly desirable but remains challenging.RESULTSA microfibrous‐structured HZSM‐5 solid acid catalyst is proposed as CD packing and its separation and esterification reaction efficiency for producing ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol are demonstrated. Factorial design based on response surface methodology is employed for fast determination of optimum reaction conditions, which is working effectively and efficiently. Such structured catalyst packing is obtained by direct growth of zeolite onto the θ‐ring analogues shaped from a microfibrous‐structure consisting of 15 vol% 20 µm stainless‐steel‐fiber (SS‐fiber) and 85 vol% voidage.CONCLUSIONThe SS‐fiber@HZSM‐5 packing provides a unique combination of instantaneous distillation and desired catalytic properties with respect to stability, adequate acidic sites and high mass/heat transfer, and therefore works efficiently and effectively. High total (95.9%) and actual (90.9%) yields of ethyl acetate with 89.8% purity are achievable while the high CD efficiency was well‐preserved after at least 240 h over 30 consecutive batch runs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bringing radical behaviorism to revolutionary Brazil and back: Fred Keller's Personalized System of Instruction and Cold War engineering education
Authors: Akera Atsushi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article traces the shifting epistemic commitments of Fred S. Keller and his behaviorist colleagues during their application of Skinnerian radical behaviorism to higher education pedagogy. Building on prior work by Alexandra Rutherford and her focus on the successive adaptation of Skinnerian behaviorism during its successive applications, this study utilizes sociologist of science Karin Knorr Cetina's concept of epistemic cultures to more precisely trace the changes in the epistemic commitments of a group of radical behaviorists as they shifted their focus to applied behavioral analysis. The story revolves around a self‐paced system of instruction known as the Personalized System of Instruction, or PSI, which utilized behaviorist principles to accelerate learning within the classroom. Unlike Skinner's entry into education, and his focus on educational technologies, Keller developed a mastery‐based approach to instruction that utilized generalized reinforcers to cultivate higher‐order learning behaviors. As it happens, the story also unfolds across a rather fantastic political terrain: PSI originated in the context of Brazilian revolutionary history, but circulated widely in the U.S. amidst Cold War concerns about an engineering manpower(sic) crisis. This study also presents us with an opportunity to test Knorr Cetina's conjecture about the possible use of a focus on epistemic cultures in addressing a classic problem in the sociology of science, namely unpacking the relationship between knowledge and its social context. Ultimately, however, this study complements another historical case study in applied behavioral analysis, where a difference in outcome helps to lay out the range of possible shifts in the epistemic commitments of radical behaviorists who entered different domains of application. The case study also has some practical implications for those creating distance learning environments today, which are briefly explored in the conclusion.
Climate evolution and forcing during the last 40 ka from the oscillations in Apennine glaciers and high mountain lakes, Italy
Authors: Giraudi Carlo 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe results of studies carried out on the variations of glaciers and lakes in the higher Apennines during the last 40 ka are considered for correlation with some climate forcing agents, e.g. changes in insolation, variations in origin of the air masses carrying moisture and North Atlantic events, acting both at regional and hemispheric scales. The origin of air masses was assessed using the Apennine equilibrium line altitude pattern, the presence of a quartz‐rich loess in the former glacial environment and the sedimentation rate of Sahara quartz in maar lakes. Temperature and humidity variations have been deduced from glacier expansions and retreats and lake oscillations. The data discussed in the paper show that variations in insolation have driven climatic changes in the Apennines for most of the considered time span, producing gradual changes that took place during periods lasting several thousand years. However, during some periods, insolation seems to have been of minor importance compared to variations in frequency and intensity of southern air currents, and to the influence of North Atlantic events. The data, as a whole, allow us to highlight the climatic evolution of the high Apennine mountains during the last 40k cal a BP.
An overview of genetically modified crop governance, issues and challenges in Malaysia
Authors: Andrew Johnny , Ismail Normaz Wana , Djama Marcel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe application of agricultural biotechnology attracts the interest of many stakeholders. Genetically modified (GM) crops, for example, have been rapidly increasing in production for the last 20 years. Despite their known benefits, GM crops also pose many concerns not only to human and animal health but also to the environment. Malaysia, in general, allows the use of GM technology applications but it has to come with precautionary and safety measures consistent with the international obligations and domestic legal frameworks. This paper provides an overview of GM crop technology from international and national context and explores the governance and issues surrounding this technology application in Malaysia. Basically, GM research activities in Malaysia are still at an early stage of research and development and most of the GM crops approved for release are limited for food, feed and processing purposes. Even though Malaysia has not planted any GM crops commercially, actions toward such a direction seem promising. Several issues concerning GM crops as discussed in this paper will become more complex as the number of GM crops and varieties commercialised globally increase and Malaysia starts to plant GM crops. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Work‐related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngologists by subspecialty: A national survey
Authors: Ho Thuy‐Van Tina , Hamill Chelsea S. , Sykes Kevin J. , Kraft Shannon M. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveGiven the high prevalence of work‐related musculoskeletal symptoms, increased appreciation for workplace ergonomics is critical. The purpose of this study is to assess work‐related musculoskeletal symptoms and injury among otolaryngologists across subspecialties, as well as to quantify the understanding and application of ergonomic principles in the operating room.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsAn online REDCap survey was distributed electronically to University of Kansas faculty, alumni, and residents; members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; and residency program coordinators for distribution to residents and faculty between August 2016 and March 2017. The survey assessed caseload, ergonomic practices, and associated musculoskeletal symptoms by type of procedure and impact of symptoms on surgeon practice.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 3,006 individuals. We received 377 responses (12.5%), with 63.9% reporting symptoms. The majority of respondents began to experience symptoms in residency or fellowship. Neck and shoulder were the most affected body areas across all types of surgeries. One‐third of surgeons were formally taught or actively sought information on ergonomics principles. Among those who applied ergonomics in practice, 69.6% observed improvement in their symptoms.ConclusionAlthough musculoskeletal issues are prevalent among otolaryngologists, awareness of surgical ergonomics principles among otolaryngologists remains limited. Early instruction in ergonomic principles is important because work‐related musculoskeletal symptoms commonly present in residency. Most respondents reporting the application of ergonomic principles also acknowledge symptom improvement.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:632–640, 2018
Laryngeal EMG: Preferential damage of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle branches especially in iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions
Authors: Foerster Gerhard , Mueller Andreas H. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveLaryngeal electromyography (LEMG) of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle alone may not be sufficient in all patients to characterize or prove a recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lesion in cases of vocal fold immobility. LEMG of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle may provide additional information.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodBetween 2008 and 2016, 339 patients in our laryngeal paralysis clinic were examined by transcutaneous needle TA‐LEMG and, if tolerated, by PCA‐LEMG. LEMGs were rated and compared according to criteria of the European Laryngological Society. Etiology was categorized as iatrogenic, noniatrogenic, or malignancy related.ResultsA total of 282 out of 339 patients had a partial or complete RLN or vagal nerve lesion: 178 iatrogenic, 74 noniatrogenic, and 30 because of nerve involvement by malignancies. Of paralytic vocal folds, 35.7% had normal or near‐normal TA innervation, whereas corresponding PCA traces (if present) were pathologic in 94.6%. Comparing pairs of TA and PCA‐LEMGs in paralysis of less than 4 months duration showed a predominance of PCA branch injuries in iatrogenic lesions (71.7 %), while in noniatrogenic lesions this was less pronounced (44.4%). In the few malignancy cases, there was an almost even distribution. Synkinetic reinnervation was earlier in iatrogenic RLN lesions.ConclusionPCA‐LEMG was better in proving an RLN lesion than TA‐EMG alone. Our findings suggest etiology‐dependent differences in the TA/PCA lesion pattern. To confirm this, larger sample sizes are needed. A preferential damage to PCA innervation in iatrogenic lesions could be relevant for further improvements of intraoperative neuromonitoring.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1152–1156, 2018
Chemosensory function before and after multimodal treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Walliczek‐Dworschak Ute , Pellegrino Robert , Taube Franziska , Mueller Christian A. , Stuck Boris Alexander , Dworschak Philipp , Güldner Christian , Steinbach Silke 
Published: September 2017

Objectives/HypothesisOlfactory dysfunction is common among the general population, with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) as one of the leading causes. Patients affected by CRS often report changes in taste sensations; however, quantitative measurements have not been performed to date. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate gustatory and olfactory function in CRS patients prior to and after multimodal treatment.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsTwenty‐one patients suffering from CRS with nasal polyps (14 male, seven female) with a mean age of 48 ± 15 years were included in the study. Chemosensory function was assessed prior to and approximately 190 days after multimodal treatment, which included endoscopic sinus surgery, oral antibiotics for 5 days, oral steroids for 12 days, and at least 6 weeks of topical nasal steroids. Olfactory function was tested with the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery, whereas gustatory function was measured with taste strips. A clinically relevant change in olfactory function was defined as a change of ≥5 points in the threshold, discrimination, and identification scores.ResultsCompared to normative data, patients baseline gustatory and olfactory function was impaired. After multimodal treatment, improvements were seen in olfactory function for eight patients (42%), remained stable in 10 patients (53%), and deteriorated in one patient (5%). Taste function remained unchanged following sinus surgery.ConclusionsPatients suffering from CRS with polyps exhibit olfactory and taste dysfunctions. Multimodal treatment leads to an improvement in olfactory, but not gustatory functionality.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:E86–E90, 2018
Don't ignore the floor: Exploring multisensory atmospheric congruence between music and flooring in a retail environment
Authors: Imschloss Monika , Kuehnl Christina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn retail environments, consumers commonly evaluate products while standing on some type of flooring and concurrently being exposed to music; however, no study has examined the interaction of these two atmospheric cues. To bridge this gap, this research examines whether retailers can benefit from creating multisensory atmospheric congruent rather than incongruent retail environments of flooring and music. The results of an experiment in a real retail store reveal positive effects of multisensory congruent retail environments (e.g., soft music combined with soft flooring) on product evaluations. This study provides a new process explanation with consumers’ purchase‐related self‐confidence mediating these effects. Specifically, consumers in congruent rather than incongruent retail environments experience more purchase‐related self‐confidence, which in turn leads to more favorable product evaluations. Furthermore, this study shows that consumers with a low rather than a high preference for haptic information are influenced more by multisensory atmospheric congruence when evaluating a product haptically.