bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for snag retention in southwestern mixed‐conifer and ponderosa pine forests: History and current status
Authors: Ganey Joseph L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSnags provide habitat for numerous species of wildlife. Several authors have provided recommendations for snag retention in southwestern mixed‐conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Most recommendations were presented in terms of minimum snag density and/or size. I summarized the history of recommendations for snag retention in these forest types, and used data from a current study of snag populations (conducted within Coconino and Kaibab National Forests, north‐central AZ, USA, 1997 through 2012) to assess congruence between existing snag populations and various recommendations. Most recommendations were based on studies of cavity‐nesting birds; therefore, this analysis emphasized characteristics of snags containing excavated nest cavities. Proportions of plots that met minimum management targets varied among recommendations, ranging from 34% to 100% in mixed‐conifer forest and from 7% to 95% in ponderosa pine forest. Failure to meet density targets often was caused by a shortage of snags that met minimum size criteria rather than by a shortage of snags. Many snags containing excavated nest cavities did not meet the minimum size criteria in some recommendations. It may be possible to reduce those minimum size criteria while still providing substrates for cavity‐nesting birds. Studies explicitly linking snag size and density to demography of cavity‐nesting birds are badly needed, however, as are studies documenting ecologically sustainable snag densities. Until such data are available, managers should continue to emphasize snag recruitment and retention, with the focus on larger snags, and to ensure that snags are well‐distributed, but not uniformly distributed, across the landscape. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Simulated effects of releasing pen‐raised deer into the wild to alter population‐level antler size
Authors: Demarais Stephen , Strickland Bronson K. , Webb Stephen L. , Smith Trent , Mcdonald Chris 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe ability to develop large antlers in penned deer (Odocoileus sp.) has increased interest in releasing pen‐raised deer to increase antler size of wild populations. We used a model based on population genetic theory with random removal as the form of population control and either 10% emigration and 10% immigration to represent a free‐ranging population (Free Range) or with no egress or ingress to represent a fenced property (Fenced). We compared results with a livestock model with no egress or ingress and selective removal of smaller antlered males as the form of population control (Best Case). We modeled release of fawns with an antler distribution averaging 200 gross Boone and Crockett (B&C) score at 5 rates (1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% replacement of existing population of 2,000) and report the change from a population average of 127.5. The impact of releasing pen‐raised deer into native populations was minimal below 25% replacement rate. Replacing 5% of a free‐ranging population with 100 pen‐raised deer increased B&C score by 0.8, whereas replacing 25% with 500 pen‐raised deer increased score by 12. Releasing pen‐raised deer into a fenced property was 50% more effective; a 25% replacement increased score by 18. The Best Case Model increased score by 33 at 25% replacement. The cost for each unit increase in score was US$115,000 in a free‐ranging population, US$75,000 in a fenced population, and US$33,000 in the best case. Our results suggest that altering genetic composition of white‐tailed deer populations is not feasible for free‐ranging populations and very costly within fenced populations. © 2016 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
ASb2(SO4)2(PO4) (A = H3O+, K, Rb): Layered Structure Containing Ordered Sulfate and Phosphate Anions
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Mei Dajiang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract Three compounds ASb2(SO4)2(PO4) (A = H3O+, K, Rb) were obtained from the reactions of Sb2O3, A2CO3 (A = Li, Rb) or K2SO4 and NH4H2PO4 in H2SO4 (98 %) at 220–250 °C. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (no.2) and are isostructural. The crystal structures consist of two‐dimensional 2∞[Sb2(SO4)2(PO4)]– anionic layers and alkali cations, which are located between anionic layers. The anionic layers are composed of [SbO4] ψ‐trigonal bipyramids, [SbO5] ψ octahedra, [SO4] tetrahedra, and [PO4] tetrahedra. All compounds are characterized by solid state UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectra, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.
Des os et des cendres pour « faire » un défunt. Exemples rèmes et atrébates
Authors: Le Goff I. 
Published: February 2016

La notion de chaîne opératoire est maintenant un outil d'analyse employé pour déchiffrer les pratiques funéraires, considérées comme un système technique. L'apport méthodologique est manifeste dans le domaine de la crémation car l'usage du feu conduit à la prise de contrôle de l'évolution naturelle du cadavre, multipliant les gestes techniques élaborés pour transformer le mort en défunt.
Nous nous attacherons à l'une des étapes de ce processus technique ; celle de l'élaboration des dépôts destinés à l'ensevelissement telle qu'elle est perçue chez les Rèmes et les Atrébates, au cours du 1er ou au début du IIe siècle ap. J.-C. Elle aboutit à la formation d'entités distinctes. A côté de l'ossuaire qui figure le défunt dans la sépulture, d'autres dépôts sont élaborés à partir du combustible carbonisé du bûcher. Ceux-ci peuvent se rencontrer dans la tombe ou dans le bûcher. Outre celles du défunt, le système funéraire rème et atrébate gère-t-il d'autres transformations matérielles ?
BDNF Val66Met and clinical response to antipsychotic drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cargnin S. , Massarotti A. , Terrazzino S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe polymorphic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been postulated to be involved in inter-individual variability response to antipsychotic drugs.PurposeTo perform a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of studies evaluating the influence of BDNF genetic variation on clinical response to antipsychotics.MethodsThe review protocol was published in the PROSPERO database (Reg. no CRD42015024614). A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane databases up to July 2015. The methodological quality of identified studies was assessed using the MINORS criteria. Publication bias was estimated and potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated via meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ResultsNine studies including a total of 2461 antipsychotic-treated patients fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis of BDNF Val66Met. Using the random-effects model, the pooled results showed no significant association with antipsychotic response for the dominant (Met carriers vs Val/Val, OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.72–1.19, P = 0.55), codominant (Met/Met vs Val/Val, OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59–1.15, P = 0.25), recessive (Met/Met vs Val carriers, OR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.60–1.10, P = 0.18) or the allelic contrast (Met vs Val, OR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.76–1.10, P = 0.34). Visual inspection of funnel plots and further evaluation with Egger's test did not suggest evidence of publication bias. Despite lack of significant heterogeneity in most comparisons, no evidence of association also emerged in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted.ConclusionThe present meta-analysis excludes a clinically relevant effect of BDNF Val66Met on antipsychotic drug response per se. Nevertheless, further investigation is still needed to clarify in well-designed, large sample-based studies, the impact of BDNF haplotypes containing the Val66Met polymorphism.
European Psychiatric Association Guidance on psychotherapy in chronic depression across Europe
Authors: Jobst A. , Brakemeier E.-L. , Buchheim A. , Caspar F. , Cuijpers P. , Ebmeier K.P. , Falkai P. , Jan van der Gaag R. , Gaebel W. , Herpertz S. , Kurimay T. , Sabaß L. , Schnell K. , Schramm E. , Torrent C. , Wasserman D. , Wiersma J. , Padberg F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposePatients with chronic depression (CD) by definition respond less well to standard forms of psychotherapy and are more likely to be high utilizers of psychiatric resources. Therefore, the aim of this guidance paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of current psychotherapy for CD. The evidence of efficacy is critically reviewed and recommendations for clinical applications and research are given.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search to identify studies on psychotherapy in CD, evaluated the retrieved documents and developed evidence tables and recommendations through a consensus process among experts and stakeholders.ResultsWe developed 5 recommendations which may help providers to select psychotherapeutic treatment options for this patient group. The EPA considers both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy to be effective in CD and recommends both approaches. The best effect is achieved by combined treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, which should therefore be the treatment of choice. The EPA recommends psychotherapy with an interpersonal focus (e.g. the Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy [CBASP]) for the treatment of CD and a personalized approach based on the patient's preferences.DiscussionThe DSM-5 nomenclature of persistent depressive disorder (PDD), which includes CD subtypes, has been an important step towards a more differentiated treatment and understanding of these complex affective disorders. Apart from dysthymia, ICD-10 still does not provide a separate entity for a chronic course of depression. The differences between patients with acute episodic depression and those with CD need to be considered in the planning of treatment. Specific psychotherapeutic treatment options are recommended for patients with CD.ConclusionPatients with chronic forms of depression should be offered tailored psychotherapeutic treatments that address their specific needs and deficits. Combination treatment with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is the first-line treatment recommended for CD. More research is needed to develop more effective treatments for CD, especially in the longer term, and to identify which patients benefit from which treatment algorithm.
Self-reported symptoms of schizotypal and borderline personality disorder in patients with mood disorders
Authors: Baryshnikov I. , Suvisaari J. , Aaltonen K. , Koivisto M. , Näätänen P. , Karpov B. , Melartin T. , Oksanen J. , Suominen K. , Heikkinen M. , Paunio T. , Joffe G. , Isometsä E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing between symptoms of schizotypal (SPD) and borderline personality disorders (BPD) is often difficult due to their partial overlap and frequent co-occurrence. We investigated correlations in self-reported symptoms of SPD and BPD in questionnaires at the levels of both total scores and individual items, examining overlapping dimensions.MethodsTwo questionnaires, the McLean Screening Instrument (MSI) for BPD and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief (SPQ-B) for SPD, were filled in by patients with mood disorders (n = 282) from specialized psychiatric care in a study of the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium. Correlation coefficients between total scores and individual items of the MSI and SPQ-B were estimated. Multivariate regression analysis (MRA) was conducted to examine the relationships between SPQ-B and MSI.ResultsThe Spearman's correlation between total scores of the MSI and SPQ-B was strong (rho = 0.616, P < 0.005). Items of MSI reflecting disrupted relatedness and affective dysregulation correlated moderately (rφ varied between 0.2 and 0.4, P < 0.005) with items of SPQ. Items of MSI reflecting behavioural dysregulation correlated only weakly with items of SPQ. In MRA, depressive symptoms, sex and MSI were significant predictors of SPQ-B score, whereas symptoms of anxiety, age and SPQ-B were significant predictors of MSI score.ConclusionsItems reflecting cognitive-perceptual distortions and affective symptoms of BPD appear to overlap with disorganized and cognitive-perceptual symptoms of SPD. Symptoms of depression may aggravate self-reported features of SPQ-B, and symptoms of anxiety features of MSI. Symptoms of behavioural dysregulation of BPD and interpersonal deficits of SPQ appear to be non-overlapping.
Early goal-directed therapy versus usual care in the management of septic shock
Authors: Gottlieb Michael 
Published: February 2016

Clinical questionDoes early goal-directed therapy decrease mortality when compared with usual care?Article chosenAngus DC, Barnato AE, Bell D, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: the ARISE, ProCESS and ProMISe Investigators. Intensive Care Med 2015;41(9):1549-60. doi:10.1007/s00134-015-3822-1.
Geographic Distribution of Disaster-Specific Emergency Department Use After Hurricane Sandy in New York City
Authors: Lee David C. , Smith Silas W. , Carr Brendan G. , Doran Kelly M. , Portelli Ian , Grudzen Corita R. , Goldfrank Lewis R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to characterize the geographic distribution of post-Hurricane Sandy emergency department use in administrative flood evacuation zones of New York City.MethodsUsing emergency claims data, we identified significant deviations in emergency department use after Hurricane Sandy. Using time-series analysis, we analyzed the frequency of visits for specific conditions and comorbidities to identify medically vulnerable populations who developed acute postdisaster medical needs.ResultsWe found statistically significant decreases in overall post-Sandy emergency department use in New York City but increased utilization in the most vulnerable evacuation zone. In addition to dialysis- and ventilator-dependent patients, we identified that patients who were elderly or homeless or who had diabetes, dementia, cardiac conditions, limitations in mobility, or drug dependence were more likely to visit emergency departments after Hurricane Sandy. Furthermore, patients were more likely to develop drug-resistant infections, require isolation, and present for hypothermia, environmental exposures, or administrative reasons.ConclusionsOur study identified high-risk populations who developed acute medical and social needs in specific geographic areas after Hurricane Sandy. Our findings can inform coherent and targeted responses to disasters. Early identification of medically vulnerable populations can help to map “hot spots” requiring additional medical and social attention and prioritize resources for areas most impacted by disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:351–361)
PERCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE AND WELL-FOUNDED BELIEF
Authors: Millar Alan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTShould a philosophical account of perceptual knowledge accord a justificatory role to sensory experiences? This discussion raises problems for an affirmative answer and sets out an alternative account on which justified belief is conceived as well-founded belief and well-foundedness is taken to depend on knowledge. A key part of the discussion draws on a conception of perceptual-recognitional abilities to account for how perception gives rise both to perceptual knowledge and to well-founded belief.
Hospital Clostridium difficile Infection Rates and Prediction of Length of Stay in Patients Without C. difficile Infection
Authors: Miller Aaron C. , Polgreen Linnea A. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDInpatient length of stay (LOS) has been used as a measure of hospital quality and efficiency. Patients with Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have longer LOS.OBJECTIVETo describe the relationship between hospital CDI incidence and the LOS of patients without CDI.DESIGNRetrospective cohort analysis.METHODSWe predicted average LOS for patients without CDI at both the hospital and patient level using hospital CDI incidence. We also controlled for hospital characteristics (eg, bed size) and patient characteristics (eg, comorbidities, age).SETTINGHealthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2009–2011.PATIENTSThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample includes patients from a 20% sample of all nonfederal US hospitals.RESULTSInpatient LOS was significantly longer (P<.001) at hospitals with greater CDI incidence at both the hospital and individual level. At a hospital level, a percentage point increase in the CDI incidence rate was associated with more than an additional day’s stay (between 1.19 and 1.61 days). At the individual level, controlling for all observable variables, a percentage point increase in the CDI incidence rate at their hospital was also associated with longer LOS (between 0.6 and 1.05 additional days). Hospital CDI incidence had a larger impact on LOS than many other commonly used predictors of LOS.CONCLUSIONCDI rates are a predictor of LOS in patients without CDI at an individual and institutional level. CDI rates are easy to measure and report and thus may provide an important marker for hospital efficiency and/or quality.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):404–410
The Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Colonization in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Suwantarat Nuntra , Logan Latania K. , Carroll Karen C. , Bonomo Robert A. , Simner Patricia J. , Rudin Susan D. , Milstone Aaron M. , Tekle Tsigereda , Ross Tracy , Tamma Pranita D. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence and acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs), and carbapenemases (“MDR Enterobacteriaceae”) colonizing children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).DESIGNProspective study.SETTING40-bed PICU.METHODSAdmission and weekly thereafter rectal surveillance swabs were collected on all pediatric patients during a 6-month study period. Routine phenotypic identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed. Enterobacteriaceae displaying characteristic resistance profiles underwent further molecular characterization to identify genetic determinants of resistance likely to be transmitted on mobile genetic elements and to evaluate relatedness of strains including DNA microarray, multilocus sequence typing, repetitive sequence-based PCR, and hsp60 sequencing typing.RESULTSEvaluating 854 swabs from unique children, the overall prevalence of colonization with an MDR Enterobacteriaceae upon admission to the PICU based on β-lactamase gene identification was 4.3% (n=37), including 2.8% ESBLs (n=24), 1.3% pAmpCs (n=11), and 0.2% carbapenemases (n=2). Among 157 pediatric patients contributing 603 subsequent weekly swabs, 6 children (3.8%) acquired an incident MDR Enterobacteriaceae during their PICU stay. One child acquired a pAmpC (E. coli containing blaDHA) related to an isolate from another patient.CONCLUSIONSApproximately 4% of children admitted to a PICU were colonized with MDR Enterobacteriaceae (based on β-lactamase gene identification) and an additional 4% of children who remained in the PICU for at least 1 week acquired 1 of these organisms during their PICU stay. The acquired MDR Enterobacteriaceae were relatively heterogeneous, suggesting that a single source was not responsible for the introduction of these resistance mechanisms into the PICU setting.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:535–543
Wireless Saw-Based Tags with Temperature Sensors that Utilize High-Resolution Delay-Time Measurements
Authors: Sun J.-H. , Lin C.-C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSurface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used in commercial products as filters and resonators. SAW devices are also applied as passive, wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and sensors, which can be used in harsh environments and consume no batteries. In this study, we designed and fabricated an SAW-based RFID tag with the added function of a high-resolution temperature sensor. A coupling of modes model was adopted to design 433MHz SAW-based tags/sensors. An improved signal processing method was used to increase the resolution of time-domain signals, enabling the slight change of delay time caused by temperature variation to be detected. Subsequently, the SAW tags/sensors were fabricated on 128° Y-cut lithium niobate and used to detect temperature shifts. The results revealed that high-resolution delay-time SAW devices are feasible for measuring temperatures precisely and can be applied to other SAW-based sensors.
Strategic intent: The literature, the construct and its role in predicting organization performance
Authors: O’Shannassy Timothy F 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStrong performing companies often have intents that state their ambitions for the future and this will be clearly communicated to stakeholders by the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer should lead company strategy and play the key role in establishing and communicating the strategic intent. This conceptual paper uses insights mainly from the strategy process and corporate governance literature to build better understanding of how a business can achieve a strong sense of strategic intent to inform their strategy work. Three dimensions of the strategic intent construct are identified – shared vision, resource focus and foresight. Through the development of a series of research propositions a substantial future research agenda is offered in an area where the literature is quite limited. Points of interest to the strategy practice field are also discussed.
Collective entrepreneurship: Employees’ perceptions of the influence of leadership styles
Authors: Franco Mário , Haase Heiko 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCollective entrepreneurship (CE) is the ability of several individuals to jointly innovate and create within organisations. In this exploratory study, we investigate whether the relationship between some specific leadership styles and more effective CE is affected by moderator variables. The unit of analysis were staff members of a Portuguese group of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A total of 204 questionnaires were returned, representing almost half the employee population we approached. For measurement, we employed 19 items to gather the six latent variables related to our model. For data analysis, we used partial least squares. We found that participative leadership style had the highest joint and indirect effect on more effective CE. Job satisfaction appears to be an important moderator for the occurrence of CE. The impact of employees’ organisational commitment and collaboration on CE is rather weak. Our study contributes to advancing knowledge in the fields of organisational psychology and entrepreneurship. We combine and extend previous research, which allows us to reconcile the sometimes contradictory findings so far concerning leadership and CE in the realm of small- and medium-sized enterprises.
Dietary management of heart failure: room for improvement?
Authors: Butler Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is growing awareness of the role of diet in both health and disease management. Much data are available on the cardioprotective diet in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. However, there is limited information on the role of diet in the management of heart failure (HF). Animal models of HF have provided interesting insight and potential mechanisms by which dietary manipulation may improve cardiac performance and delay the progression of the disease, and small-scale human studies have highlighted beneficial diet patterns. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data available on the role of diet in the management of human HF and to demonstrate that dietary manipulation needs to progress further than the simple recommendation of salt and fluid restriction.