bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nighttime dissolution in a temperate coastal ocean ecosystem increases under acidification
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lester , Gaylord Brian , Hill Tessa , Hosfelt Jessica , Kroeker Kristy J. , Nebuchina Yana , Ninokawa Aaron , Russell Ann D. , Rivest Emily B. , Sesboüé Marine , Caldeira Ken 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing ocean acidification, lowering seawater aragonite (CaCO3) saturation state (Ωarag), with potentially substantial impacts on marine ecosystems over the 21stCentury. Calcifying organisms have exhibited reduced calcification under lower saturation state conditions in aquaria. However, thein situsensitivity of calcifying ecosystems to future ocean acidification remains unknown. Here we assess the community level sensitivity of calcification to local CO2-induced acidification caused by natural respiration in an unperturbed, biodiverse, temperate intertidal ecosystem. We find that on hourly timescales nighttime community calcification is strongly influenced by Ωarag, with greater net calcium carbonate dissolution under more acidic conditions. Daytime calcification however, is not detectably affected by Ωarag. If the short-term sensitivity of community calcification to Ωaragis representative of the long-term sensitivity to ocean acidification, nighttime dissolution in these intertidal ecosystems could more than double by 2050, with significant ecological and economic consequences.
Further deliberating the relationship between do-not-resuscitate and the increased risk of death
Authors: Chen Yen-Yuan , Chen Yih-Sharng , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Lin Kuan-Han , Wu Chau-Chung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFew studies have examined the outcome of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) patients in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). This study deliberated the association between a DNR decision and the increased risk of death methodologically and ethically. This study was conducted in three SICUs. We collected patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and the status of death/survival at SICU and hospital discharge. We used Kaplan–Meier survival curves to compare the time from SICU admission to the end of SICU stay for the DNR and non-DNR patients. Differences in the Kaplan-Meier curves were tested using log-rank tests. We also conducted a Cox proportional hazards model to account for the effect of a DNR decision on mortality. We found that having a DNR order was associated with an increased risk of death during the SICU stay (aRR = 2.39, p < 0.01) after adjusting for severity of illness upon SICU admission and other confounding variables. To make the conclusion that a DNR order is causally related to an increased risk of death, or that a DNR order increases the risk of death is absolutely questionable. By clarifying this key point, we expect that the discussion of DNR between healthcare professionals and patients/surrogate decision-makers will not be hampered or delayed.
Substrate engagement of integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 is necessary, but not sufficient, for high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin
Authors: Missirlis Dimitris , Haraszti Tamás , Scheele Catharina v. C. , Wiegand Tina , Diaz Carolina , Neubauer Stefanie , Rechenmacher Florian , Kessler Horst , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe interplay between specific integrin-mediated matrix adhesion and directional persistence in cell migration is not well understood. Here, we characterized fibroblast adhesion and migration on the extracellular matrix glycoproteins fibronectin and vitronectin, focusing on the role of α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Fibroblasts manifested high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin-, but not vitronectin-coated substrates, in a ligand density-dependent manner. Fibronectin stimulated α5β1-dependent organization of the actin cytoskeleton into oriented, ventral stress fibers and assembly of dynamic, polarized protrusions, characterized as regions free of stress fibers and rich in nascent adhesions at their edge. Such protrusions correlated with persistent, local leading edge advancement, but were not sufficient, nor necessary for directional migration over longer times. Selective blocking of αvβ3 or α5β1 integrins using small molecule integrin antagonists reduced directional persistence on fibronectin, indicating integrin cooperativity in maintaining directionality. On the other hand, patterned substrates, designed to selectively engage either integrin, or their combination, were not sufficient to establish directional migration. Overall, our study demonstrates adhesive coating-dependent regulation of directional persistence in fibroblast migration and challenges the generality of the previously suggested role of β1 and β3 integrins in directional migration.
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells foster conversion of CD4+CD25−Foxp3− T cells into CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells via Transforming Growth Factor-β
Authors: Oettel Anika , Lorenz Mario , Stangl Verena , Costa Serban-Dan , Zenclussen Ana Claudia , Schumacher Anne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTrans-placental cell trafficking is a naturally occurring process during pregnancy that results in the direct recognition of foreign maternal antigens by fetal tissue and vice versa. Immigration of potentially harmful allo-reactive maternal T cells into fetal circulation may provoke anti-fetal immune responses. However, the contact with fetal tissue may favor differentiation of maternal immune cells into cells with a regulatory phenotype. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) possess immune-regulating properties and are one of the first fetal cells to get in contact with foreign maternal immune cells. Therefore, here we studied whether HUVECs induce the conversion of maternal T cells into regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, we assessed whether this response is changing according to the sex of the HUVECs. Both female and male HUVECs induced the conversion of maternal T cells into Treg cells which is partially mediated via TGF-β. Female HUVECs showed a stronger capacity to induce Treg cells compared to male HUVECs. Our findings propose that HUVECs contribute to fetal-maternal tolerance by the increase of the Treg cell population. Sex-specific differences in Treg cell induction may partly account for the disparities on the incidence of infectious and autoimmune diseases between both sexes during early childhood.
Thermodynamic theory of the plasmoelectric effect
Authors: van de Groep Jorik , Sheldon Matthew T. , Atwater Harry A. , Polman Albert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractResonant metal nanostructures exhibit an optically induced electrostatic potential when illuminated with monochromatic light under off-resonant conditions. This plasmoelectric effect is thermodynamically driven by the increase in entropy that occurs when the plasmonic structure aligns its resonant absorption spectrum with incident illumination by varying charge density. As a result, the elevated steady-state temperature of the nanostructure induced by plasmonic absorption is further increased by a small amount. Here, we study in detail the thermodynamic theory underlying the plasmoelectric effect by analyzing a simplified model system consisting of a single silver nanoparticle. We find that surface potentials as large as 473 mV are induced under 100 W/m2 monochromatic illumination, as a result of a 11 mK increases in the steady-state temperature of the nanoparticle. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of this analysis for realistic experimental geometries and show that this effect is generic for optical structures in which the resonance is linked to the charge density.
Fluvoxamine, an anti-depressant, inhibits human glioblastoma invasion by disrupting actin polymerization
Authors: Hayashi Keiichiro , Michiue Hiroyuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Takata Katsuyoshi , Nakayama Hiroki , Wei Fan-Yan , Fujimura Atsushi , Tazawa Hiroshi , Asai Akira , Ogo Naohisa , Miyachi Hiroyuki , Nishiki Tei-ichi , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Takei Kohji , Matsui Hideki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with a median survival time about one year. Invasion of GBM cells into normal brain is the major cause of poor prognosis and requires dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which includes lamellipodial protrusions, focal adhesions, and stress fibers at the leading edge of GBM. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibitors of actin polymerization can suppress GBM migration and invasion. First, we adopted a drug repositioning system for screening with a pyrene-actin-based actin polymerization assay and identified fluvoxamine, a clinically used antidepressant. Fluvoxamine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was a potent inhibitor of actin polymerization and confirmed as drug penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and accumulation of whole brain including brain tumor with no drug toxicity. Fluvoxamine inhibited serum-induced ruffle formation, cell migration, and invasion of human GBM and glioma stem cells in vitro by suppressing both FAK and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Daily treatment of athymic mice bearing human glioma-initiating cells with fluvoxamine blocked tumor cell invasion and prolonged the survival with almost same dose of anti-depressant effect. In conclusion, fluvoxamine is a promising anti-invasive treatment against GBM with reliable approach.
Self-Monitoring Artificial Red Cells with Sufficient Oxygen Supply for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Luo Zhenyu , Zheng Mingbin , Zhao Pengfei , Chen Ze , Siu Fungming , Gong Ping , Gao Guanhui , Sheng Zonghai , Zheng Cuifang , Ma Yifan , Cai Lintao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer treatments. However, native hypoxic tumoural microenvironment and lacking oxygen supply are the major barriers hindering photodynamic reactions. To solve this problem, we have developed biomimetic artificial red cells by loading complexes of oxygen-carrier (hemoglobin) and photosensitizer (indocyanine green) for boosted photodynamic strategy. Such nanosystem provides a coupling structure with stable self-oxygen supply and acting as an ideal fluorescent/photoacoustic imaging probe, dynamically monitoring the nanoparticle biodistribution and the treatment of PDT. Upon exposure to near-infrared laser, the remote-triggered photosensitizer generates massive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with sufficient oxygen supply. Importantly, hemoglobin is simultaneously oxidized into the more active and resident ferryl-hemoglobin leading to persistent cytotoxicity. ROS and ferryl-hemoglobin synergistically trigger the oxidative damage of xenograft tumour resulting in complete suppression. The artificial red cells with self-monitoring and boosted photodynamic efficacy could serve as a versatile theranostic platform.
A new approach for fabrications of SiC based photodetectors
Authors: Aldalbahi Ali , Li Eric , Rivera Manuel , Velazquez Rafael , Altalhi Tariq , Peng Xiaoyan , Feng Peter X. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report on a new approach to quickly synthesize high-quality single crystalline wide band gap silicon carbide (SiC) films for development of high-performance deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors. The fabricated SiC based UV photodetectors exhibited high response while maintaining cost-effectiveness and size miniaturization. Focus of the experiments was on studies of electrical and electronic properties, as well as responsivity, response and recovery times, and repeatability of the deep UV photodetectors. Raman scattering spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the SiC materials. Analyses of the SEM data indicated that highly flat SiC thin films have been obtained. Based on the synthesized SiC, deep UV detectors are designed, fabricated, and tested with various UV wavelength lights at different radiation intensities. Temperature effect and bias effect on the photocurrent strength and signal-to-noise ratio, humidity effect on the response time and recovery time of the fabricated detectors have been carefully characterized and discussed. The detectors appear to have a very stable baseline and repeatability. The obtained responsivity is more than 40% higher compared to commercial detectors. The good performance of the photodetectors at operating temperature up to 300 °C remains nearly unchanged.
Modelling community structure and species co-occurrence using fishery observer data
Authors: Pulver Jeffrey Robert , Liu Hui , Scott-Denton Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, we modelled fishery observer data to compare methods of identifying community structure using cluster analyses to determine stratifications and probabilistic models for examining species co-occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico deepwater reef fish fishery. Comparing cluster analysis methods, the correlation measure of dissimilarity in combination with average agglomerative linkage was the most efficient method for determining species relationships using simulated random species as a comparison tool. Cluster analysis revealed distinct species stratifications and in combination with multiscale bootstrapping generated probabilities indicating the strength of stratifications in the fishery. A more parsimonious approach with probabilistic models was also developed to quantify pairwise species co-occurrence as random, positive, or negative based on the observed vs. expected fishing sets with co-occurrence. For the most common species captured, the probabilistic models predicted positive or negative co-occurrence between 84.2% of the pairwise combinations examined. These methods provide fishery managers tools for determining multispecies quota allocations and offer insights into other bycatch species of interest.
Devil in the details: growth, productivity, and extinction risk of a data-sparse devil ray
Authors: Pardo Sebastián A. , Kindsvater Holly K. , Cuevas-Zimbrón Elizabeth , Sosa-Nishizaki Oscar , Pérez-Jiménez Juan Carlos , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDevil rays (Mobulaspp.) face rapidly intensifying fishing pressure to meet the ongoing international trade and demand for their gill plates. This has been exacerbated by trade regulation of manta ray gill plates following their 2014 CITES listing. Furthermore, the paucity of information on growth, mortality, and fishing effort for devil rays make quantifying population growth rates and extinction risk challenging. Here, we use a published size-at-age dataset for a large-bodied devil ray species, the Spinetail Devil Ray (Mobula japanica), to estimate somatic growth rates, age at maturity, maximum age and natural and fishing mortality. From these estimates, we go on to calculate a plausible distribution of the maximum intrinsic population growth rate (rmax) and place the productivity of this large devil ray in context by comparing it to 95 other chondrichthyan species. We find evidence that larger devil rays have low somatic growth rate, low annual reproductive output, and low maximum population growth rates, suggesting they have low productivity. Devil ray maximum intrinsic population growth rate (rmax) is very similar to that of manta rays, indicating devil rays can potentially be driven to local extinction at low levels of fishing mortality. We show that fishing rates of a small-scale artisanal Mexican fishery were up to three times greater than the natural mortality rate, and twice as high as our estimate ofrmax, and therefore unsustainable. Our approach can be applied to assess the limits of fishing and extinction risk of any species with indeterminate growth, even with sparse size-at-age data.
Experimental tests of the quantum property of protein folding
Authors: Luo Liaofu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExperimental tests on the quantum property of protein folding are discussed. It includes: the test of the instantaneousness of torsion transition through observation of protein structural change in a short time scale of microsecond; the test of non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of protein folding rate and other biomolecular conformational changes; and the search for the narrow spectral lines of the protein photo-folding.
Modeling Chromosome Maintenance as a Property of Cell Cycle inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Frumkin Jesse P. , Patra Biranchi N. , Sevold Anthony , Ganguly Kumkum , Patel Chaya , Yoon Stephanie , Schmid Molly B. , Ray Animesh 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTDefects in DNA repair, synthesis, and chromosome transmission can often cause chromosome instability, which are understood with respect to molecular-genetic mechanisms. However, transition from descriptive models to quantitative ones is generally difficult. Here we use a computationally intensive numerical technique based on linear programming to analyze the processes of chromosome maintenance during the cell cycle in yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We first experimentally identify 19 genes that when ectopically expressed cause chromosome instability. We then build an 18 x 19 matrix by assaying the genetic interactions of pairs of genes that each normally functions to maintain chromosomes, including the 19 genes discovered here. We then use a ”seriation” algorithm based on linear optimization to find an optimal arrangement of rows and columns to confirm an optimum temporal arrangement of gene influence during cell cycle phases. We experimentally demonstrate that the method yields new biological insights, which we test and validate.
Training decision-makers in flood response with system dynamics
Authors: Berariu Romana , Fikar Christian , Gronalt Manfred , Hirsch Patrick 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a training model for decision makers that covers the complexity which is inherent in decision-making processes in times of floods.

Design/methodology/approach
– Through literature review, case study analysis and iterative interviews with decision-makers, the model was established. It enables one to simulate different scenarios depending on selected influencing factors and was implemented with Stella 9.1.

Findings
– Flood events are highly complex and their development process is significantly influenced by various conditions. The findings show that the most important factor is the water level which determines the time available to respond. The presented System Dynamics (SD) model has the capability to capture such complex settings. Through what-if analysis and the comparison of different scenarios, learning effects are achieved by using the model.

Research limitations/implications
– The level of abstraction is high. Not all influencing variables can be incorporated due to the variety of flood events. Based on experts’ recommendations, the most relevant factors were included as areas of focus in the model.

Practical implications
– The generated model is presented to facilitate holistic comprehension of the modelling process. It offers the possibility to start learning processes through scenario analyses in order to strengthen decision-makers’ understanding of complexity.

Originality/value
– To the best of our knowledge, there are no comparable studies that focus on the generation process of building an SD-model for educational purposes in flood response.
Examining the relationship between employee indicators of resistance to changes in job conditions and wider organisational change
Authors: McGuinness Seamus , Cronin Hugh 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to use a linked employer-employee data set, the National Employment Survey, to examine the determinants of organisational change and employee resistance to change and, specifically, to examine the influence of employee inflexibility on the implementation of firm-level policies aimed at increasing competitiveness and workforce flexibility. A key finding arising from the research is that while workforce resistance to job-related change often forces firms to seek alternative means of achieving labour flexibility, there appears little that firms can do to prevent such resistance occurring. The presence of HRM staff, consultation procedures, wage bargaining mechanisms, bullying and equality polices, etc. were found to have little impact on the incidence of workforce resistance to changes in job conditions.Design/methodology/approach– The objectives of this paper are twofold: first, the authors model the determinants of a measure of workforce resistance to job-related change and, second, the authors assess the impact of workforce resistance on the probability that firms will implement various wider forms of organisational change using linked employer-employee data.Findings– Workforce resistance to proposed changes in job conditions was found to be lower in organisations employing higher shares of educated workers and also in smaller firms. HRM and employee relations measures were found to have little impact on worker resistance to changing employment conditions, while trade union density was important only with respect to alterations to core terms and conditions. Resistance was found to be important for wider organisational change.Research limitations/implications– From a policy perspective, the key finding arising from the research is that while workforce resistance to job-related change often forces firms to seek alternative means of achieving flexibility, there appears little that firms can do to prevent such resistance occurring or mediating its impacts. The presence of HRM staff, consultation procedures, wage bargaining mechanisms, bullying and equality polices, etc. were found to have little impact on the incidence of workforce resistance to changes in job conditions.Social implications– The results support the hypothesis that the increased use of peripheral workers observed in many aspect of the economy is due, at least in part, to inflexibility among existing workers to take on additional roles and responsibilities.Originality/value– The paper utilises a linked employee-employer data set in a novel way to investigate within firm relationships and tests a number of hypotheses using advanced econometric techniques.