bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reoperation Rates for Penile Prosthetic Surgery
Authors: Mirheydar Hossein , Zhou Tianzan , Chang David C. , Hsieh Tung-Chin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to medical treatment, placement of a penile prosthesis is an effective treatment option. Despite advancements in prosthetic design, it is not without complications requiring reoperation.

Aim
To evaluate the long-term reoperation rate of penile prosthesis implantation.

Methods
A longitudinal analysis of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database from 1995 to 2010 was performed. Inclusion criteria were men who underwent their first penile prosthetic surgery. Patients were excluded if they underwent explantation of a prior prosthesis at the time of their first recorded surgery. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier plot, hazard curve, and multivariate analysis adjusting for age, race, comorbidities, insurance status, hospital volume, and hospital teaching status.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary outcome was reoperation, specified as the removal or replacement of the prosthesis.

Results
In total, 7,666 patients (40,932 patient-years) were included in the study. The 5- and 10-year cumulative reoperation rates were 11.2% (CI = 10.5–12.0) and 15.7% (CI = 14.7–16.8), respectively. Malfunction and infection accounted for 57% and 27% of reoperations. Reoperation rate was highest at 1 year postoperatively and steadily decreased until 2 years postoperatively. Multivariate analysis showed higher rates of reoperation in younger men (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51, CI = 1.12–2.05), African-American men (HR = 1.30, CI = 1.05–1.62), and Hispanic men (HR = 1.32, CI = 1.12–1.57). Of the reoperations, 22.9% were performed at a hospital different from the initial implantation.

Conclusion
Reoperation rate for penile prosthetic surgery is highest in the first year postoperatively. Patients with the highest risk for reoperation were African-American, Hispanic, and younger men. Nearly one fourth of reoperations occurred at a hospital different from the initial surgery, suggesting the existing literature does not reflect the true prevalence of penile prosthetic complications.
Resveratrol Protects and Restores Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum
Authors: Murat Nergiz , Korhan Peyda , Kizer Onur , Evcim Sinem , Kefi Aykut , Demir Ömer , Gidener Sedef , Atabey Neşe , Esen Ahmet Adil 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Oxidative stress dependent-decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an integral role in hypercholesterolemia-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). Resveratrol has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects against oxidative stress and improve NO bioavailability.

Aim
The protective and restorative potentials of resveratrol on endothelium-dependent relaxations were evaluated in hypercholesterolemic rabbit corpus cavernosum (CC).

Methods
Hypercholesterolemia was induced by administering 2% cholesterol diet (CD) (w/w) to the rabbits for 6 weeks. Two different protocols were applied to test the effects of resveratrol on hypercholesterolemia-induced ED. In Protocol-1 (P1), resveratrol was administrated to the rabbits simultaneously with CD in order to evaluate the protective effect, and for Protocol-2 (P2), resveratrol was administrated for 6 weeks after termination of CD in order to evaluate the restorative effect.

Main Outcome Measures
Endothelium-dependent relaxations of CC were evaluated by using organ bath studies. In order to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms, we measured endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and phosphovasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) expressions and activations, NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in cavernosal tissues obtained at the end of the study.

Results
Resveratrol showed an improvement in the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in vitro. We demonstrated significantly increased activatory-phosphorylation (p[S1177]-eNOS) and activated phosphovasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (phospho-VASP) levels, but reduced phosphorylation (p[T495]-eNOS) of eNOS and NADPH oxidase activity in the resveratrol-administered HC animals compared with hypercholesterolemic control rabbits in the P1. In the P2, resveratrol exhibited an improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation responses and more pronounced effects on eNOS activation.

Conclusion
Resveratrol administration, either simultaneously with HC diet or after HC, caused an improvement in the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in the CC, suggesting its potential in both protective and restorative purposes in hypercholesterolemic rabbit CC.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Physical Therapy for Provoked Vestibulodynia: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Goldfinger Corrie , Pukall Caroline F. , Thibault-Gagnon Stephanie , McLean Linda , Chamberlain Susan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Non-medical and non-surgical treatments for provoked vestibulodynia target psychological, sexual, and pelvic floor muscle factors that maintain the condition.

Aim
The goal of the study was to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy (PT) on pain and psychosexual outcomes in women with provoked vestibulodynia.

Methods
In a clinical trial, 20 women with provoked vestibulodynia were randomly assigned to receive CBT or comprehensive PT. Participants were assessed before treatment, after treatment, and at 6-month follow-up by gynecologic examination, structured interviews, and standardized questionnaires measuring pain, psychological, and sexual variables.

Main Outcome Measures
Outcome measurements were based on an adaptation of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials recommendations. The primary outcome was change in intercourse pain intensity. Secondary outcomes included pain during the cotton swab test, pain with various sexual and non-sexual activities, and sexual functioning and negative pain cognitions.

Results
The two treatment groups demonstrated significant decreases in vulvar pain during sexual intercourse, with 70% and 80% of participants in the CBT and PT groups demonstrating a moderate clinically important decrease in pain (≥30%) after treatment. Participants in the two groups also had significant improvements in pain during the gynecologic examination, the percentage of painful intercourse attempts, the percentage of activities resulting in pain, and the ability to continue intercourse without stopping because of pain. Psychological outcomes, including pain catastrophizing and perceived control over pain, also showed improvement in the two groups. Significant improvements in sexual functioning were observed only in participants who completed CBT. Few between-group differences were identified other than the PT group showing earlier improvements in some outcomes. Nearly all improvements were maintained at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion
The results of the study suggest that CBT and PT can lead to clinically meaningful improvements in pain and areas of psychosexual functioning.
Sexual Problems During Pregnancy and After Delivery Among Women with and Without Anxiety and Depressive Disorders Prior to Pregnancy: A Prospective-Longitudinal Study
Authors: Asselmann Eva , Hoyer Jurgen , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Martini Julia 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Few prospective-longitudinal studies have examined the course of sexual problems during pregnancy and after delivery in women with and without anxiety and depressive disorders prior to pregnancy as well as with and without maternal birth injuries.

Aims
To prospectively investigate associations of anxiety and depressive disorders prior to pregnancy and maternal birth injuries with sexual problems during the peripartum period.

Methods
The Maternal Anxiety in Relation to Infant Development Study is a prospective-longitudinal study of 306 women enrolled during early pregnancy and repeatedly assessed in seven waves during the peripartum period. Anxiety and depressive disorders prior to pregnancy were assessed in early pregnancy (T1) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Women. Maternal birth injuries were assessed by questionnaire shortly after delivery (T4). Sexual problems during pregnancy (T2) as well as 4 months (T6) and 16 months (T7) postpartum were measured using the German version of the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Function Questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
Impairment of sexual interest, arousal, orgasm, lubrication, and overall sexual satisfaction at T2, T6, and T7.

Results
Rates of sexual problems generally increased from T2 to T6 and decreased from T6 to T7. Compared with women without anxiety and depressive disorders, those with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders prior to pregnancy more often specified impairment of overall sexual satisfaction at T2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0) and T7 (OR = 2.1). In contrast, sexual problems were not pronounced in those with pure anxiety or pure depressive disorders, and women with pure anxiety disorders often reported even less impairment of sexual interest at T7 (OR = 0.5). Compared with women without birth injury, those with vaginal birth injury more often reported impairment of sexual interest (OR = 1.8) and lubrication (OR = 2.3) at T6.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that especially women with comorbid anxiety and depression and vaginal birth injury are at increased risk for sexual problems during pregnancy and after delivery and thus might benefit from targeted early interventions.
Interpreting pre-operative mastoid computed tomography images: comparison between operating surgeon, radiologist and operative findings
Authors: Badran K , Ansari S , Al Sam R , Al Husami Y , Iyer A 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to compare the interpretations of temporal bone computed tomography scans by an otologist and a radiologist with a special interest in temporal bone imaging. It also aimed to determine the usefulness of this imaging modality.Methods:A head and neck radiologist and an otologist separately reported pre-operative computed tomography images using a structured proforma. The reports were then compared with operative findings to determine their accuracy and differences in interpretations.Results:Forty-eight patients who underwent pre-operative computed tomography scans in a 30-month period were identified. Six patients were excluded because complete operative findings had not been recorded. Positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of the anatomical and pathological findings were calculated for 42 patients by both reporters. The accuracy was found to be less than 80 per cent, except for identification of the tegmen and lateral semicircular canal erosion. Overall, there was no significant difference in interpretations of computed tomography scans between reporters. There was a slight difference in interpretation for tympanic membrane retraction, facial canal erosion and lateral semicircular canal fistula and/or erosion.Conclusion:Pre-operative computed tomography scanning of the temporal bone is useful for predicting anatomy for surgical planning in patients with chronic otitis media, but its reliability remains questionable.
So sick or so cool? The language of youth on the internet
Authors: Tagliamonte Sali A. ,   In collaboration with Dylan Uscher, Lawrence Kwok, and students from HUM199Y 2009 and 2010
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article presents the results of a two-year study of North American youth which produced a 179,000 word corpus of internet language from the same writers across three registers: email, instant messaging, and phone texting. Analysis of three linguistic phenomena—(i) acronyms, short forms, and initialisms; (ii) intensifiers; and (iii) future temporal reference—reveals that despite variation in form and contrasting frequencies across registers, the patterns of variant use are stable. This offers linguistic evidence that there is no degeneration of grammar in internet language use. Instead, the young people are fluidly navigating a complex set of new written registers, and they command them all. (Internet, language change, youth)*
Risk factors for dementia diagnosis in German primary care practices
Authors: Booker Anke , Jacob Louis EC , Rapp Michael , Bohlken Jens , Kostev Karel 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Dementia is a psychiatric condition the development of which is associated with numerous aspects of life. Our aim was to estimate dementia risk factors in German primary care patients.Methods:The case-control study included primary care patients (70–90 years) with first diagnosis of dementia (all-cause) during the index period (01/2010-12/2014) (Disease Analyzer, Germany), and controls without dementia matched (1:1) to cases on the basis of age, sex, type of health insurance, and physician.Practice visit records were used to verify that there had been 10 years of continuous follow-up prior to the index date. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted with dementia as a dependent variable and the potential predictors.Results:The mean age for the 11,956 cases and the 11,956 controls was 80.4 (SD: 5.3) years. 39.0% of them were male and 1.9% had private health insurance. In the multivariate regression model, the following variables were linked to a significant extent with an increased risk of dementia: diabetes (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.24), lipid metabolism (1.07; 1.00–1.14), stroke incl. TIA (1.68; 1.57–1.80), Parkinson's disease (PD) (1.89; 1.64–2.19), intracranial injury (1.30; 1.00–1.70), coronary heart disease (1.06; 1.00–1.13), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (2.12; 1.82–2.48), mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use (1.96; 1.50–2.57). The use of statins (OR: 0.94; 0.90–0.99), proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) (0.93; 0.90–0.97), and antihypertensive drugs (0.96, 0.94–0.99) were associated with a decreased risk of developing dementia.Conclusions:Risk factors for dementia found in this study are consistent with the literature. Nevertheless, the associations between statin, PPI and antihypertensive drug use, and decreased risk of dementia need further investigations.
RUNX1 haploinsufficiency results in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor hypersensitivity
Authors: Chin D W L , Sakurai M , Nah G S S , Du L , Jacob B , Yokomizo T , Matsumura T , Suda T , Huang G , Fu X-Y , Ito Y , Nakajima H , Osato M 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRUNX1/AML1 is among the most commonly mutated genes in human leukemia. Haploinsufficiency of RUNX1 causes familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancies (FPD/MM). However, the molecular mechanism of FPD/MM remains unknown. Here we show that murine Runx1+/− hematopoietic cells are hypersensitive to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), leading to enhanced expansion and mobilization of stem/progenitor cells and myeloid differentiation block. Upon G-CSF stimulation, Runx1+/− cells exhibited a more pronounced phosphorylation of STAT3 as compared with Runx1+/+ cells, which may be due to reduced expression of Pias3, a key negative regulator of STAT3 signaling, and reduced physical sequestration of STAT3 by RUNX1. Most importantly, blood cells from a FPD patient with RUNX1 mutation exhibited similar G-CSF hypersensitivity. Taken together, Runx1 haploinsufficiency appears to predispose FPD patients to MM by expanding the pool of stem/progenitor cells and blocking myeloid differentiation in response to G-CSF.
Quorum sensing protects bacterial co-operation from exploitation by cheats
Authors: Allen Richard C , McNally Luke , Popat Roman , Brown Sam P 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell–cell communication system found in many bacterial species, commonly controlling secreted co-operative traits, including extracellular digestive enzymes. We show that the canonical QS regulatory architecture allows bacteria to sense the genotypic composition of high-density populations, and limit co-operative investments to social environments enriched for co-operators. Using high-density populations of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa we map per-capita signal and co-operative enzyme investment in the wild type as a function of the frequency of non-responder cheats. We demonstrate mathematically and experimentally that the observed response rule of ‘co-operate when surrounded by co-operators’ allows bacteria to match their investment in co-operation to the composition of the group, therefore allowing the maintenance of co-operation at lower levels of population structuring (that is, lower relatedness). Similar behavioural responses have been described in vertebrates under the banner of ‘generalised reciprocity’. Our results suggest that mechanisms of reciprocity are not confined to taxa with advanced cognition, and can be implemented at the cellular level via positive feedback circuits.
Skin bacterial diversity of Panamanian frogs is associated with host susceptibility and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Authors: Rebollar Eria A , Hughey Myra C , Medina Daniel , Harris Reid N , Ibáñez Roberto , Belden Lisa K 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria on amphibian skin can inhibit growth of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) that has caused dramatic population declines and extinctions of amphibians in the Neotropics. It remains unclear how the amphibians’ skin microbiota is influenced by environmental bacterial reservoirs, host-associated factors such as susceptibility to pathogens, and pathogen presence in tropical amphibians. We sampled skin bacteria from five co-occurring frog species that differ in Bd susceptibility at one Bd-naive site, and sampled one of the non-susceptible species from Bd-endemic and Bd-naive sites in Panama. We hypothesized that skin bacterial communities (1) would be distinct from the surrounding environment regardless of the host habitat, (2) would differ between Bd susceptible and non-susceptible species and (3) would differ on hosts in Bd-naive and Bd-endemic sites. We found that skin bacterial communities were enriched in bacterial taxa that had low relative abundances in the environment. Non-susceptible species had very similar skin bacterial communities that were enriched in particular taxa such as the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Bacterial communities of Craugastor fitzingeri in Bd-endemic sites were less diverse than in the naive site, and differences in community structure across sites were explained by changes in relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Our results indicate that skin microbial structure was associated with host susceptibility to Bd and might be associated to the history of Bd presence at different sites.
Genome-wide selective sweeps and gene-specific sweeps in natural bacterial populations
Authors: Bendall Matthew L , Stevens Sarah L R , Chan Leong-Keat , Malfatti Stephanie , Schwientek Patrick , Tremblay Julien , Schackwitz Wendy , Martin Joel , Pati Amrita , Bushnell Brian , Froula Jeff , Kang Dongwan , Tringe Susannah G , Bertilsson Stefan , Moran Mary A , Shade Ashley , Newton Ryan J , McMahon Katherine D , Malmstrom Rex R 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Multiple models describe the formation and evolution of distinct microbial phylogenetic groups. These evolutionary models make different predictions regarding how adaptive alleles spread through populations and how genetic diversity is maintained. Processes predicted by competing evolutionary models, for example, genome-wide selective sweeps vs gene-specific sweeps, could be captured in natural populations using time-series metagenomics if the approach were applied over a sufficiently long time frame. Direct observations of either process would help resolve how distinct microbial groups evolve. Here, from a 9-year metagenomic study of a freshwater lake (2005–2013), we explore changes in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies and patterns of gene gain and loss in 30 bacterial populations. SNP analyses revealed substantial genetic heterogeneity within these populations, although the degree of heterogeneity varied by &gt;1000-fold among populations. SNP allele frequencies also changed dramatically over time within some populations. Interestingly, nearly all SNP variants were slowly purged over several years from one population of green sulfur bacteria, while at the same time multiple genes either swept through or were lost from this population. These patterns were consistent with a genome-wide selective sweep in progress, a process predicted by the ‘ecotype model’ of speciation but not previously observed in nature. In contrast, other populations contained large, SNP-free genomic regions that appear to have swept independently through the populations prior to the study without purging diversity elsewhere in the genome. Evidence for both genome-wide and gene-specific sweeps suggests that different models of bacterial speciation may apply to different populations coexisting in the same environment.
A Shift in Bloater Consumption in Lake Michigan between 1993 and 2011 and Its Effects on Diporeia and Mysis Prey
Authors: Pothoven Steven A. , Bunnell David B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBioenergetics modeling was used to determine individual and population consumption by Bloater Coregonus hoyi in Lake Michigan during three time periods with variable Bloater density: 1993–1996 (high), 1998–2002 (intermediate), and 2009–2011 (low). Despite declines in Bloater abundance between 1993 and 2011, our results did not show any density‐dependent compensatory response in annual individual consumption, specific consumption, or proportion of maximum consumption consumed. Diporeia spp. accounted for a steadily decreasing fraction of annual consumption, and Bloater were apparently unable to eat enough Mysis diluviana or other prey to account for the loss of Diporeia in the environment. The fraction of production of both Diporeia and Mysis that was consumed by the Bloater population decreased over time so that the consumption‐to‐production ratio for Diporeia + Mysis was 0.74, 0.26, and 0.14 in 1993–1996, 1998–2002, and 2009–2011, respectively. Although high Bloater numbers in the 1980s to 1990s may have had an influence on populations of Diporeia, Bloater were not the main factor driving Diporeia to a nearly complete disappearance because Diporeia continued to decline when Bloater predation demands were lessening. Thus, there appears to be a decoupling in the inverse relationship between predator and prey abundance in Lake Michigan. Compared with Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the other dominant planktivore in the lake, Bloater have a lower specific consumption and higher gross conversion efficiency (GCE), indicating that the lake can support a higher biomass of Bloater than Alewife. However, declines in Bloater GCE since the 1970s and the absence of positive responses in consumption variables following declines in abundance suggest that productivity in Lake Michigan might not be able to support the same biomass of Bloater as in the past.