bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1 Introduction and history of mapping and research
Authors: Bandopadhyay P. C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of reconnaissance and geological mapping work on the Andaman and Nicobar islands. To understand early exploration it is necessary to review the driving forces for colonization, including the development of the Andaman Islands as a penal colony for political prisoners. Geological mapping conducted in the colonial era continued after India gained independence in 1947 and expanded in the 1980s to include hydrocarbon and mineral resources. More recent work has placed greater emphasis on supporting field observation data with geochronological, geochemical and petrological analyses.
Chapter 10 Provenance of Oligocene Andaman sandstones (Andaman–Nicobar Islands): Ganga–Brahmaputra or Irrawaddy derived?
Authors: Limonta Mara , Resentini Alberto , Carter Andrew , Bandopadhyay Pinaki C. , Garzanti Eduardo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Interpretation of the origin of Oligocene Flysch exposed in the Andaman–Nicobar Islands has been the subject of debate. Previous work on the provenance of the Andaman Flysch based on samples from South Andaman has indicated major contributions from Myanmar affected by the India–Asia collision, mixed with subordinate detritus from the nascent Himalayas. This study examines the provenance of a larger suite of samples that extend to North and Middle Andaman islands as well as Great Nicobar Island. Rather monotonous petrographic and heavy-mineral assemblages testify to strong diagenetic imprint, leading to a poorly constrained identification of the sediment source. U–Pb zircon ages provide more robust and diagnostic provenance discrimination between the Myanmar Arc and the growing Himalayan range. Combining petrographic and mineralogical data with detrital zircon U–Pb analyses, we find that most of the Andaman Flysch is dominated by a strong continental-crust signal with only a minor contribution from arc material. Statistical analyses of the data show that most of the samples have a provenance similar to Palaeogene Bengal Fan sediments, although the type section on South Andaman has a closer affinity to the provenance of the modern Irrawaddy.

Supplementary material:
Sample location (Table A1), the complete petrographic (Table A2), heavy mineral (Table A3) and U–Pb zircon-age datasets (Table A4) are all available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3634328.v1
Chapter 11 The Archipelago Group: current understanding
Authors: Bandopadhyay P. C. , Carter A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The geology and stratigraphy of the Archipelago Group are reviewed and new data presented to improve understanding. Major lithofacies are bioclastic limestones, bioturbated mottled marlstones, micritic limestones, trace fossil-bearing mudstones, quartzose sandstones and reworked volcanic material of Mio-Pliocene and Pleistocene age. The succession overlies the Pre-Neogene submarine fan turbidites and tectonic mélanges of ophiolite derivation and Mithakhari rocks, and is overlain by Quaternary deposits of late Pleistocene–Holocene age. The Neogene sequences were deposited in wave- and current-agitated shallow-marine intertidal and relatively deeper-water subtidal, nearshore and offshore shelfal environments. The existing stratigraphic framework is examined and suggestions made for improvement.
Chapter 5 Regional tectonics, structure and evolution of the Andaman–Nicobar Islands from ophiolite formation and obduction to collision and back-arc spreading
Authors: Morley Chris K. , Searle Mike 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A wide range of tectonic models exist for the Cretaceous–Cenozoic development of the Sumatra–Andaman–Myanmar region, reflecting outstanding regional issues including: (1) suture zone correlation between Tibet and Myanmar; (2) understanding ophiolitic fragment emplacement; (3) timing of ophiolite emplacement; (4) tectonic setting of ophiolite formation; (5) post-emplacement ophiolite history; (6) number, distribution and accretion timing of different tectonic continental blocks in western SE Asia; (7) how the Andaman–Sumatra subduction zone developed during the Cenozoic, and location and timing of inactive, v. obliquely subducting segments; and (8) considerable variations in regional plate tectonic reconstructions (e.g. latitude of Lhasa Block at the time of collision, amount and direction of block rotation within SE Asia). Following reviews of these issues we propose a relatively simple model whose characteristics are continuity of a single continental mass between Myanmar and Sumatra during the Cenozoic, early Cenozoic ophiolite emplacement as imbricate slices within an accretionary complex and no emplacement of a major overthrusting oceanic slab. Subsequent collisional deformation further dismembered the ophiolites. Approximately 30° clockwise rotation of SE Asia occurred following Asia–India collision, accompanied by transition from a paired Andean-type magmatic belt to regional oblique-slip and strike-slip tectonics. During the Neogene the Andaman sea region became dominantly transtensional, while Myanmar in the Late Neogene became transpressional.
Divergent endothelial function but similar platelet microvesicle responses following eccentric and concentric cycling at a similar aerobic power output
Authors: Rakobowchuk Mark , Ritter Ophélie , Wilhelm Eurico Nestor , Isacco Laurie , Bouhaddi Malika , Degano Bruno , Tordi Nicolas , Mourot Laurent 
Published: February 2017

Endothelial function and microvesicle concentration changes after acute bouts of continuous eccentric exercise have not been assessed previously nor compared with concentric exercise at similar aerobic power outputs. This method of training may be useful among some clinical populations, but acute responses are not well described. As such, 12 healthy males completed 2 experimental sessions of either 45 min of eccentric or concentric cycling at a matched aerobic power output below the ventilatory threshold. Brachial artery vascular function was assessed throughout 5 min of forearm ischemia and 3 min thereafter, before and at 5 and 40 min of recovery following each exercise session [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)]. Venous blood samples were acquired before each vascular function assessment. FMD significantly decreased after eccentric cycling by 40 min of recovery ( P < 0.05), but was unaltered after concentric exercise. No differences in peak hyperemic blood flow velocity occurred neither between modalities nor at any time point ( P > 0.05). Platelet-derived microvesicles increased by ~20% after both exercise modalities ( P < 0.05) while endothelial-derived microvesicles were unchanged ( P > 0.05). Moderate relationships with cardiac output, a surrogate for shear stress, and norepinephrine were apparent ( P < 0.05), but there were no relationships with inflammatory or acute phase proteins. In summary, eccentric endurance exercise induced macrovascular endothelial dysfunction; however, endothelial activation determined by endothelial microvesicles did not occur suggesting that this modality may induce oxidative stress but no significant endothelial damage. In addition, the increase in platelet microvesicle concentrations may induce beneficial microvascular adaptations as suggested by previous research. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Continuous eccentric cycling exercise induces substantial skeletal muscle, tendon, and bone strain providing a potentially beneficial stimulus among clinical populations. This modality also induces temporary endothelial dysfunction but no apparent damage or activation of the endothelium indicated by microvesicle production, whereas proangiogenic platelet microvesicles are released similarly following both concentric and eccentric cycling and may relate to the shear stress and catecholamine response to exercise.
Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Relation to Environmental Exposure to Lead and Cadmium
Authors: Yang Wen‐Yi , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Thijs Lutgarde , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Wei Fang‐Fei , Jacobs Lotte , Luttun Aernout , Verhamme Peter , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Nawrot Tim S. , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: February 2017

Background
Experimental studies have demonstrated that lead and cadmium have direct toxic effects on the myocardium, but the few human studies are limited by design, assessment of exposure, and use of heart failure as a late‐stage endpoint.

Methods and Results

In a prospective population study, we studied the association of left ventricular (
LV
) function with blood lead (BPb) and 24‐hour urinary cadmium (UCd). In 179 participants randomly recruited from a Flemish population (50.3% women; mean age 39.1 years), geometric mean
BP
b and
UC
d at enrollment (1985‐2000) were 0.20 μmol/L and 6.1 nmol, respectively. We assessed systolic and diastolic
LV
function 11.9 years (median) later (2005‐2010) by using Doppler imaging of the transmitral blood flow and the mitral annular movement and speckle tracking. In multivariable‐adjusted linear regression,
LV
systolic function decreased with
BP
b. For a doubling of exposure, estimates were −0.392% for global longitudinal strain (
P
=0.034), −0.618% and −0.113 s
−1
for regional longitudinal strain (
P
=0.028) and strain rate (
P
=0.008), and −0.056 s
−1
for regional radial strain rate (
P
=0.050). Regional longitudinal strain rate (−0.066 s
−1
,
P
=0.009) and regional radial strain (−2.848%,
P
=0.015) also decreased with
UC
d. Models including both exposure indexes did not allow differentiating whether
LV
dysfunction was predominately related to
BP
b or
UC
d. Diastolic
LV
function was not associated with
BP
b or
UC
d (
P
≥0.159).

Conclusions

Although effect sizes were small, our results suggest that environmental exposure to lead, cadmium, or both might be a risk factor for systolic
LV
dysfunction, a condition often proceeding to heart failure.
Tuberculosis Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2015
Authors: Mindra Godwin , Wortham Jonathan M. , Haddad Maryam B. , Powell Krista M. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides on-site epidemiologic assistance for outbreak response when the health capacity of state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments has been exceeded. We examined recent outbreaks of tuberculosis (TB) for which health departments needed assistance. Methods: We defined a TB outbreak as detection of ≥3 TB cases related by transmission, as suggested by routine genotyping and epidemiologic linkages. We conducted retrospective reviews of documentation from all 21 TB outbreak investigations in the United States for which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided on-site assistance during 2009-2015. We abstracted data on patients’ demographic characteristics and TB risk factors, as well as factors contributing to the outbreak from trip reports written by on-site investigators, and we compared these with outbreaks investigated during 2002-2008. Results: The 21 TB outbreaks during 2009-2015 involved 457 outbreak patients (range, 3-99 patients per outbreak). Of the 21 outbreaks, 16 were first identified through genotype data. In sum, 118 (26%) patients were identified through contact investigations of other patients in the outbreak. Most outbreak patients (n = 363, 79%) were US born. Ninety-two (26%) patients had a mental illness, 204 (45%) had been homeless in the year before diagnosis, and 379 (83%) used alcohol excessively or used illicit substances. The proportion of patients experiencing homelessness doubled between 2002-2008 and 2009-2015; other characteristics were similar between the 2 periods. Delayed TB diagnosis contributed to unmitigated transmission in all but 1 outbreak. Conclusions: TB outbreaks challenge frontline public health resources. Genotyping and contact investigations are important strategies for detecting and controlling TB outbreaks, particularly among people experiencing homelessness or those with mental illness.
Perfusion alters stiffness of deep gray matter
Authors: Hetzer Stefan , Birr Patric , Fehlner Andreas , Hirsch Sebastian , Dittmann Florian , Barnhill Eric , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf 
Published: February 2017

Viscoelastic properties of the brain reflect tissue architecture at multiple length scales. However, little is known about the relation between vital tissue functions, such as perfusion, and the macroscopic mechanical properties of cerebral tissue. In this study, arterial spin labelling is paired with magnetic resonance elastography to investigate the relationship between tissue stiffness and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the in vivo human brain. The viscoelastic modulus, | G*|, and CBF were studied in deep gray matter (DGM) of 14 healthy male volunteers in the following sub-regions: putamen, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, thalamus, globus pallidus, and amygdala. CBF was further normalized by vessel area data to obtain the flux rate q which is proportional to the perfusion pressure gradient. The striatum (represented by putamen and nucleus accumbens) was distinct from the other DGM regions by displaying markedly higher stiffness and perfusion values. q was a predictive marker for DGM stiffness as analyzed by linear regression | G*| =  q·(4.2 ± 0.6)kPa·s + (0.80 ± 0.06)kPa ( R2 = 0.92, P = 0.006). These results suggest a high sensitivity of MRE in DGM to perfusion pressure. The distinct mechano-vascular properties of striatum tissue, as compared to the rest of DGM, may reflect elevated perfusion pressure, which could explain the well-known susceptibility of the putamen to hemorrhages.
Reducing the number of missed isolation days in a paediatric high-dependency unit using semi-permanent pods
Authors: Keward Josephine , Bradshaw Pauline , Otter Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2017

Background: Single rooms are in short supply in many hospitals. Aim: To evaluate the impact of introducing semi-permanent pods to convert multi-occupancy bays into single occupancy pods. Methods: We performed a 24-month pre–post observational study in a 15-bed paediatric high dependency unit. Three semi-permanent pods were installed in February 2013, in the middle of the 24-month period. The percentage of missed isolation days and the proportion of days for which >4 patients required isolation (which would exceed existing isolation facilities) were compared for the year prior to the pods with the first year of pod use using a Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Missed isolation days fell from 58.2% (662/1138; 95% confidence interval [CI], 55.3–61.0) pre-pod to 14.8% (205/1382; 95% CI, 13.0–16.8) during the first year of pod use ( P <0.001). The percentage of days for which >4 patients required isolation was 74.5% overall (95% CI, 70.5–78.8), and increased from 63% (95% CI, 56.2–69.4) pre-Pod to 86% (95% CI, 80.9–90.3) during pod use ( P <0.001). Discussion: The introduction of three semi-permanent pods was feasible in our paediatric HDU setting and reduced the number of missed isolation days, and hence transmission risk, for important hospital pathogens.
Femoral and Tibial Tunnel Diameter and Bioabsorbable Screw Findings After Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction in 5-Year Clinical and MRI Follow-up
Authors: Kiekara Tommi , Paakkala Antti , Suomalainen Piia , Huhtala Heini , Järvelä Timo 
Published: February 2017

Background: Tunnel enlargement is frequently seen in short-term follow-up after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). According to new evidence, tunnel enlargement may be followed by tunnel narrowing, but the long-term evolution of the tunnels is currently unknown. Hypothesis/Purpose: The hypothesis was that tunnel enlargement is followed by tunnel narrowing caused by ossification as seen in follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ossification pattern of the tunnels, the communication of the 2 femoral and 2 tibial tunnels, and screw absorption findings in MRI. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Thirty-one patients underwent anatomic double-bundle ACLR with hamstring grafts and bioabsorbable interference screw fixation and were followed with MRI and clinical evaluation at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Results: The mean tunnel enlargement at 2 years was 58% and reduced to 46% at 5 years. Tunnel ossification resulted in evenly narrowed tunnels in 44%, in conical tunnels in 48%, and fully ossified tunnels in 8%. Tunnel communication increased from 13% to 23% in the femur and from 19% to 23% in the tibia between 2 and 5 years and was not associated with knee laxity. At 5 years, 54% of the screws were not visible, with 35% of the screws replaced by a cyst and 19% fully ossified. Tunnel cysts were not associated with worse patient-reported outcomes or knee laxity. Patients with a tibial anteromedial tunnel cyst had higher Lysholm scores than patients without a cyst (93 and 84, P = .03). Conclusion: Tunnel enlargement was followed by tunnel narrowing in 5-year follow-up after double-bundle ACLR. Tunnel communication and tunnel cysts were frequent MRI findings and not associated with adverse clinical evaluation results.
Multi-Agent Foraging: state-of-the-art and research challenges
Authors: Zedadra Ouarda , Jouandeau Nicolas , Seridi Hamid , Fortino Giancarlo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe foraging task is one of the canonical testbeds for cooperative robotics, in which a collection of robots has to search and transport objects to specific storage point(s). In this paper, we investigate theMulti-Agent Foraging(MAF) problem from several perspectives that we analyze in depth.ResultsFirst, we define theForaging Problemaccording to literature definitions. Then we analyze previously proposed taxonomies, and propose a new foraging taxonomy characterized by four principal axes:Environment, Collective, StrategyandSimulation, summarize related foraging works and classify them through our new foraging taxonomy. Then, we discuss the real implementation of MAF and present a comparison between some related foraging works considering important features that show extensibility, reliability and scalability of MAF systemsConclusionsFinally we present and discuss recent trends in this field, emphasizing the various challenges that could enhance the existing MAF solutions and make them realistic.
Interventions at the end of life – a taxonomy for ‘overlapping consensus’
Authors: Clark David , Inbadas Hamilton , Colburn Ben , Forrest Catriona , Richards Naomi , Whitelaw Sandy , Zaman Shahaduz 
Published: February 2017

Context:Around the world there is increasing interest in end of life issues. An unprecedented number of people dying in future decades will put new strains on families, communities, services and governments. It will also have implications for representations of death and dying within society and for the overall orientation of health and social care. What interventions are emerging in the face of these challenges?Methods:We conceptualize a comprehensive taxonomy of interventions, defined as ‘organized responses to end of life issues’.Findings:We classify the range of end of life interventions into 10 substantive categories: policy, advocacy, educational, ethico-legal, service, clinical, research, cultural, intangible, self-determined. We distinguish between two empirical aspects of any end of life intervention: the ‘locus’ refers to the space or spaces in which it is situated; the ‘focus’ captures its distinct character and purpose. We also contend that end of life interventions can be seen conceptually in two ways – as ‘frames’ (organized responses that primarilyconstructa shared understanding of an end of life issue) or as ‘instruments’ (organized responses thatassumea shared understanding and then move to act in that context).Conclusions:Our taxonomy opens up the debate about end of life interventions in new ways to provide protagonists, activists, policy makers, clinicians, researchers and educators with a comprehensive framework in which to place their endeavours and more effectively to assess their efficacy. Following the inspiration of political philosopher John Rawls, we seek to foster an ‘overlapping consensus’ on how interventions at the end of life can be construed, understood and assessed.
Halfway between Memory and History: Romanian Gulag Memoirs as a Genre
Authors: Petrinca Ruxandra 
Published: February 2017

Halfway Between Memory and History: Romanian Gulag Memoirs as a Genre
Memoirs offer unique human testaments to historical events. This article analyses a sample of seven Gulag memoirs that recount experiences of imprisonment at the height of the Stalinist repression in Romania, between 1947 and 1964. The paper looks at the literary conventions employed by the authors in the recounting of their stories. The memoirs were chosen for the broad range of perspectives they represent, with particular attention being paid to the gendered experiences of imprisonment. The texts will be approached through the lenses of literary criticism, as this article analyses common tropes, motifs, characters, and techniques of narration - elements that make Gulag memoirs a ‘genre’ in its own right. A close reading of the text will uncover not only the gruesome realities of Communist persecution, imprisonment, and torture, but also the prevailing mentalities of that era. The literary components of the texts provide clues that help in decoding the authors’ self and their understanding of history.
Sign-speaking: The structure of simultaneous bimodal utterances
Authors: Zeshan Ulrike , Panda Sibaji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present data from a bimodal trilingual situation involving Indian Sign Language (ISL), Hindi and English. Signers are co-using these languages while in group conversations with deaf people and hearing non-signers. The data show that in this context, English is an embedded language that does not impact on the grammar of the utterances, while both ISL and Hindi structures are realised throughout. The data show mismatches between the simultaneously expressed ISL and Hindi, such that semantic content and/or syntactic structures are different in both languages, yet are produced at the same time. The data also include instances of different propositions expressed simultaneously in the two languages. This under-documented behaviour is called “sign-speaking” here, and we explore its implications for theories of multilingualism, code-switching, and bilingual language production.
Creativity is Always a Social Process
Authors: Elisondo Romina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article explores the social essence of creativity. Two studies where interactions with others shape the development of creative processes are presented; first, theoretical perspectives on creativity as social process are discussed. The first study analyzes social aspects of creative processes developed during leisure activities. Men and women (N=150) living in Córdoba (Argentina) were interviewed in the research. The second study is a form of biographical research. The sample includes 22 Argentine personalities prominent in the scientific and artistic fields. As a main result, in the two studies we observed that links with family, teachers, peers, colleagues, mentors, tutors and disciples shape the possibilities of developing everyday creativity as well as Big-C creativity. Finally, considerations and suggestions for future research on creativity as a social process are presented. Creativity emerges from dialogues, interactions and practices with others. It is not a solitary process: it involves languages, knowledge and actions that are socially constructed.