bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Investigation of Permeation Barriers for Flexible Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: De Rossi Francesca , Mincuzzi Girolamo , Di Giacomo Francesco , Fahlteich John , Amberg‐Schwab Sabine , Noller Klaus , Brown Thomas M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDye solar cells (DSCs), in their flexible form, are prone to ageing due to ingress of gas as a result of the intrinsic permeability of polymer substrates. Thus, it is important to develop proper encapsulation strategies to limit degradation. Literature on flexible DSCs lacks comparative tests with different permeation barriers, including flexible ultrahigh barriers (UHB). We designed such tests and applied UHBs to flexible DSCs for the first time. We demonstrate that UHBs double the lifetime of cells with respect to those with none or less‐effective barriers. Degradation is due to a combination of electrolyte bleaching, dye detachment, and indium tin oxide (ITO) degradation. The reduced, though still noticeable, performance loss for UHB‐ and glass‐equipped cells can be mainly ascribed to lateral permeation of gas/water, suggesting that efficient solutions for edge encapsulation must be developed to extend lifetimes further.
Facile Synthesis of Nickel Nanofoam Architectures for Applications in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Chueh , Li Changling , Wang Wei , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetal foams are utilized in various applications, such as in the automotive industries and for electrochemical devices. Herein, a Ni nanofoam is synthesized using a facile method for Li‐ion batteries. Self‐aligned Ni wires or randomly linked webs are produced with or without magnetic field, respectively. Ni granular beads or spiky clusters form at 370 or 450 °C, respectively. The surface area of Ni wires is increased by oxalic acid etching at 80 °C using 5–30 wt % water, leading to Ni oxalate nanosheets, nanowires (NWs), or nanoleaves. Metallic Ni NWs are obtained by reducing Ni oxalate NWs with H2 at 350 °C in 10 min. Carbon‐coated Si nanoparticles on Ni NW foam (C‐Si NP/Ni NWF) show 38 % rate enhancement (1222 vs. 889 mAh g−1) in comparison to C‐Si NP/Cu foil. Higher stability of C‐Si NP/Ni NWF with a capacity retention of 91 % is reached vs. 73 % for C‐Si NP/Cu foil over 180 cycles. The ambient‐pressure solution process with low temperature and fast reaction time could make large‐scale production plausible for these nanoarchitectures.
Analysts’ Dynamic Decisions: Timeliness versus Accuracy
Authors: Jordan Steven J. , Kwak Byungjin , Lee Changhee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor analysts there is a tradeoff between the accuracy and the timeliness of their forecasts. Prior literature heavily investigates analyst forecast accuracy. Few papers investigate the importance of timeliness. To our best knowledge, there are no empirical papers to date to investigate the dynamic interplay between these key characteristics. We show that if analysts experience a period of high accuracy relative to their peers, they subsequently focus more on the timeliness of their forecasts in the subsequent period and thus issue their forecasts earlier than they did in the prior period. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreasing the Polarization Resistance of BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3–δ Cathodes by Infiltration of Ce0.8Y0.2O2–δ
Authors: Wang T. H. , Sun C. C. , Zhen F. , Song W. J. , Li R. , Zhen Q. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCe0.8Y0.2O2–δ (YDC) was infiltrated into a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3–δ (BCFN) cathode of intermediate temperature sold oxide full cells (IT‐SOFCs) in order to decrease its cathodic polarization resistance. BCFN and YDC infiltrated BCFN electrodes were fabricated on dense Ce0.8Gd0.2O2–δ (GDC) thin pellets to form symmetrical cells. The electrochemical impedance spectra of the symmetrical cells were investigated in this present study. Firstly, the thickness of BCFN electrodes was optimized, and controlled at 30 µm for further study. The effects of infiltrated YDC amount and firing temperature on electrode polarization resistance were studied. The symmetrical cells infiltrated with 30 μL YDC solution and fired at 900 °C exhibited the lowest electrode polarization resistance in all samples. It was suggested that infiltration of YDC resulted in more active sites and prolonged TPBs in electrodes, improving the surface oxygen exchange, and finally improved the electrode performance.
Nucleus accumbens and caudate atrophy predicts longer action selection times in young and old adults
Authors: Boisgontier Matthieu P. , van Ruitenbeek Peter , Leunissen Inge , Chalavi Sima , Sunaert Stefan , Levin Oron , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is a convergence in the literature toward a critical role for the basal ganglia in action selection. However, which substructures within the basal ganglia fulfill this role is still unclear. Here we used shape analyses of structural magnetic resonance imaging data to determine the extent to which basal ganglia structures predict performance in easy and complex multilimb reaction‐time tasks in young and old adults. Results revealed that inward deformation (i.e., local atrophy) of the nucleus accumbens and caudate were predictive of longer action selection times in complex conditions, but not in easy conditions. Additionally, when assessing the relation between behavioral performance and the shape of the left nucleus accumbens in the two age groups separately, we found a significant performance–structure association in old, but not young adults. This result suggests that the relevance of the nucleus accumbens for the process of action selection increases with age. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4629–4639, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental Impact on Intestinal Stem Cell Functions in Mucosal Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Augenlicht Leonard H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMultiple cell compartments at or near the base of the intestinal crypt have been identified as contributing intestinal stem cells for homeostasis of the rapidly turning over intestinal mucosa and cells that can initiate tumor development upon appropriate genetic changes. There is a strong literature establishing the importance of the frequently dividing Lgr5+ crypt base columnar cells as the fundamental cell in providing these stem cell‐associated functions, but there are also clear data that more quiescent cells from other compartments can be mobilized to provide these stem cell functions upon compromise of Lgr5+ cells. We review the data that vitamin D, a pleiotropic hormone, is essential for Lgr5 stem cell functions by signaling through the vitamin D receptor. Moreover, we discuss the implications of this role of vitamin D and its impact on relatively long‐lived stem cells in regards to the fact that virtually all the data on normal functioning of mouse Lgr5 stem cells is derived from mice exposed to vitamin D levels well above those that characterize the human population. Thus, there are still many questions regarding how dietary and environmental factors influence the complement of cells providing stem cell functions and the mechanisms by which this is determined, and the importance of this in human colorectal tumor development. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 943–952, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microvascularization of the spleen in larval and adult Xenopus laevis: Histomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Radner Christine , Minnich Bernd 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMicrovascular anatomy and histomorphology of larval and adult spleens of the Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis were studied by light microscopy of paraplast embedded serial tissue sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs). Histology showed i) that white and red pulp are present at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage 57) and ii) that splenic vessels penetrated deeply into the splenic parenchyma at the height of metamorphic climax (stage 64). Scanning electron microscopy of VCCs demonstrated gross arterial supply and venous drainage, splenic microvascular patterns as well as the structure of the interstitial (extravasal) spaces representing the “open circulation routes.” These spaces identified themselves as interconnected resin masses of two distinct forms, namely “broccoli‐shaped” forms and highly interconnected small resin structures. Arterial and venous trees were clearly identified, as were transitions from capillaries to interstitial spaces and from interstitial spaces to pulp venules. Venous sinuses were not diagnosed (nonsinusal spleen). The splenic circulation in Xenopus laevis is “open.” It is hypothesized that red blood cells circulate via splenic artery, central arteries, penicillar arteries, and red pulp capillaries primarily via “broccoli‐shaped” interstitial spaces, pulp venules and veins into subcapsular veins to splenic veins while lymphocytes circulate also via the interstitial spaces represented by the highly interconnected small resin structures in vascular corrosion casts. In physiological terms, the former most likely represent the fast route for blood circulation, while the latter represent the slow route. J. Morphol. 277:1559–1569, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a thermostable glycoside hydrolase (CMbg0408) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensisIC‐167
Authors: Letsididi Rebaone , Hassanin Hinawi AM , Koko Marwa YF , Ndayishimiye Jean B , Zhang Tao , Jiang Bo , Stressler Timo , Fischer Lutz , Mu Wanmeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyperthermophilic archaea capable of functioning optimally at very high temperatures are a good source of unique and industrially important thermostable enzymes.RESULTSA glycoside hydrolase family 1 β‐galactosidase gene (BglB) from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensis IC‐167 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme (CMbg0408) displayed optimum activity at 110 °C and pH 5.0. It also retained 92% and 70% of its maximal activity at 115 and 120 °C, respectively. The enzyme was completely thermostable and active after 120 min of incubation at 80 and 90 °C. It also showed broad substrate specificity with activities of 8876 ± 185 U mg−1 for p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside, 4464 ± 172 U mg−1 for p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 1486 ± 68 U mg−1 for o‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside, 2250 ± 86 U mg−1 for o‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐xylopyranoside and 175 ± 4 U mg−1 for lactose. A catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 3059 ± 122 mmol L−1 s−1 and Km value of 8.1 ± 0.08 mmol L−1 were displayed towards p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside.CONCLUSIONAs a result of its remarkable thermostability and high activity at high temperatures, this novel β‐galactosidase may be useful for food and pharmaceutical applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Room Enough in the Narrowest of Pipes
Authors: Kalawrytinos Stephan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhether they are transmission components or conveyor systems, the problem is always the same: in industrial manufacturing processes, heavy‐duty components are always the Achilles' heel of overall plant efficiency. Customized surface treatment per laser cladding can render such components fit for the extreme stresses of their tasks. But this style of optimization technology is challenged when it comes to difficult‐to‐access surfaces or bores. Tight aperture diameters, large working depths or internal steps soon confront conventional laser cladding heads with their limits. But not the special processing head iClad.
Metal Optics — New Chances for Laser Focusing Mirrors
Authors: Lehndorff Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAll reflective laser focusing heads have been in use for industrial high‐power laser machining systems for more than thirty years now. Originally inevitable for multi‐kilowatt “macro” lasers, now better metal mirror machining technologies open the field for metal optics to mid‐power and even to low‐power applications. Especially the advantage of cost effective flexible manufacturing of aspherical and free form surfaces even in lowest quantities gives the optical engineers the versatility to manufacture laser focusing systems for interesting new applications: Bessel beams will go beyond the diffraction limit, polygon scanners with smallest focus spots will deliver high power densities, e.g. for dicing, extremely compact focusing for 3D metal printing or remote welding is realized with a few mirrors only. Complete “focusing‐boxes” or just single mirrors as well as matched mirror sets are available and help laser machine builders and system integrators to realize never‐seen‐before products.
Improving the Efficiency of the DMLD Process
Authors: Wolf Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDirect metal laser deposition (DMLD) is commonly used for improving the surface quality of parts and for additive manufacturing of components. It can achieve faster throughput, better‐quality cladding, very low dilution levels, reduced heat input, minimal distortion, extremely low porosity, and improved surface uniformity. Taken together, these properties substantially reduce the need for time‐consuming and costly post‐processing. DMLD also offers a wide range of design options. Software‐assisted approaches make it possible to create a wide range of geometries. Multi‐layer additive manufacturing of parts is feasible, and it is even possible to build new parts that connect to existing components.
Narrated video of a re‐do colposuspension
Authors: Cardozo Linda , Robinson Dudley , Shakir Fevzi 
Published: September 2016

AimsTo present a narrated video designed to demonstrate the steps involved in an open re‐do colposuspension.MethodsThis was in a 70‐year‐old woman who presented with recurrent severe stress urinary incontinence. Urodynamics confirmed severe urodynamic stress incontinence, with no detrusor over activity. Her maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was 8 cm/water. She previously had a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO) and colposuspension in 1998. Subsequently, she had a TVT in 2002 and then partial excision of the tape in 2003 due to erosion. This was followed by a Zuidex bulking agent in 2005 and subsequent TOT in 2006. After counselling she opted for a re‐do colposuspension.ResultsIf primary urinary incontinence surgery has failed the decision as to what treatment should then be undertaken is controversial. The options that are available include a repeat mid urethral sling (either retropubic or transobturator), urethral bulking agents, autologous fascial slings and re‐do colposuspension.ConclusionA re‐do colposuspension is a sensible choice that is likely to achieve a better success rate than a second tape procedure. Although, colposuspension is an operation that most gynaecologists have now become deskilled in and rarely perform, mainly due to the popularity of tapes. This video demonstrates a re‐do colposuspension, with particular attention to the specific nuances that can results in a successful operation.
Stochastic regret minimization for revenue management problems with nonstationary demands
Authors: Zhang Huanan , Shi Cong , Qin Chao , Hua Cheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe study an admission control model in revenue management with nonstationary and correlated demands over a finite discrete time horizon. The arrival probabilities are updated by current available information, that is, past customer arrivals and some other exogenous information. We develop a regret‐based framework, which measures the difference in revenue between a clairvoyant optimal policy that has access to all realizations of randomness a priori and a given feasible policy which does not have access to this future information. This regret minimization framework better spells out the trade‐offs of each accept/reject decision. We proceed using the lens of approximation algorithms to devise a conceptually simple regret‐parity policy. We show the proposed policy achieves 2‐approximation of the optimal policy in terms of total regret for a two‐class problem, and then extend our results to a multiclass problem with a fairness constraint. Our goal in this article is to make progress toward understanding the marriage between stochastic regret minimization and approximation algorithms in the realm of revenue management and dynamic resource allocation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 433–448, 2016
Perceived weight discrimination, changes in health, and daily stressors
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Stephan Yannick , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Robinson Eric , Daly Michael , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether perceived weight discrimination is associated with change in health markers over time and whether it is associated with daily stressors, physical symptoms, and affect.MethodsParticipants were selected from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study if they had data on perceived weight discrimination and health markers at MIDUS II (2004–2006), health markers at MIDUS III (2013–2014), and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (N = 1,841). A subset of these participants (N = 1,153) reported on their experiences daily for 8 days as part of the second National Study of Daily Experiences.ResultsPerceived weight discrimination was associated with declines in mental and physical health over time (median β = 0.06). Participants who reported weight discrimination experienced more daily stressors (β = 0.13), physical symptoms (β = 0.13), and negative affect (β = 0.13) and less positive affect (β = −0.12) over the 8 days of the second National Study of Daily Experiences. Weight discrimination was most strongly associated with interpersonal stressors (median β = 0.14), feelings of anger (β = 0.16) and frustration (β = 0.14), lower attention (β = −0.14) and activity (β = −0.16), and more nonspecific physical symptoms (e.g., fatigue; β = 0.10).ConclusionsThis research replicates the association between perceived weight discrimination and worse health over time and extends this literature to show that people who experience weight discrimination have more daily stressors, physical symptoms, and negative emotions.
Lautlos fährt das Thermoboot
Authors: Suhr Wilfried 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMit seiner bestechend einfachen Konstruktion macht sich das Thermoboot thermokapillare Kräfte für seinen Vortrieb zu Nutze. Dass es dabei ohne beweglichen Antriebsmechanismus vorankommt, verdankt es einem Kollektor, der darauf fallendes Licht in thermische Energie wandelt. Diese wird dazu verwendet, um im Fahrwasser des Bootes einen Unterschied in der Oberflächenspannung herzustellen, woraus die Antriebskraft resultiert.
Marktführer mit Zukunft
Authors: Joos Sebastian , Hahn Giso 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeit 2000 stieg die jährliche Produktion von Solarzellen und ‐modulen um das Hundertfache. Der prinzipielle Aufbau der Solarzellen hat sich aber kaum verändert. Mono‐ und multikristallines Silizium dominieren nach wie vor den Markt. Mit Bor dotierte Wafer sind immer noch das Ausgangsmaterial der meisten industriellen Solarzellen. Der Siebdruck von Metallpasten zur Kontaktierung wird bereits seit den 1970er Jahren eingesetzt. Der etablierte Standardprozess wird aktuell durch neue Schritte erweitert. Selektive Emitterstrukturen erlauben höhere Wirkungsgrade. Dies gilt besonders für PERC‐Solarzellen. Sie kommen derzeit in die Massenfertigung und übertreffen die Grenze von 20 Prozent Wirkungsgrad.
Erfolgreicher Grenzgang
Authors: Nesterov‐Müller Alexander 
Published: September 2016

Abstract1859 bauten Robert Bunsen und Gustav Kirchhoff den ersten Spektrographen. Die Spektralanalyse revolutionierte viele Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Sie machte die Bestimmung von chemischen Elementen nicht nur auf der Erde, sondern im Licht von der Sonne und den Sternen möglich. Erst so wurde die chemische Zusammensetzung weit entfernter kosmischer Objekte der Analyse zugänglich. Die Entdeckung der Spektralanalyse ist ein zudem frühes Beispiel für eine erfolgreiche interdisziplinäre Forschung zwischen dem Chemiker Bunsen und dem Physiker Kirchhoff.
Structural aspects of HDAC8 mechanism and dysfunction in Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum disorders
Authors: Deardorff Matthew A. , Porter Nicholas J. , Christianson David W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) encompasses a broad spectrum of phenotypes characterized by distinctive craniofacial abnormalities, limb malformations, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. CdLS spectrum disorders are referred to as cohesinopathies, with ∼70% of patients having a mutation in a gene encoding a core cohesin protein (SMC1A, SMC3, or RAD21) or a cohesin regulatory protein (NIPBL or HDAC8). Notably, the regulatory function of HDAC8 in cohesin biology has only recently been discovered. This Zn2+‐dependent hydrolase catalyzes the deacetylation of SMC3, a necessary step for cohesin recycling during the cell cycle. To date, 23 different missense mutants in the gene encoding HDAC8 have been identified in children with developmental features that overlap those of CdLS. Enzymological, biophysical, and structural studies of CdLS HDAC8 protein mutants have yielded critical insight on compromised catalysis in vitro. Most CdLS HDAC8 mutations trigger structural changes that directly or indirectly impact substrate binding and catalysis. Additionally, several mutations significantly compromise protein thermostability. Intriguingly, catalytic activity in many HDAC8 mutants can be partially or fully restored by an N‐acylthiourea activator, suggesting a plausible strategy for the chemical rescue of compromised HDAC8 catalysis in vivo.
Phage display and structural studies reveal plasticity in substrate specificity of caspase‐3a from zebrafish
Authors: Tucker Matthew B. , MacKenzie Sarah H. , Maciag Joseph J. , Dirscherl Ackerman Hayley , Swartz Paul , Yoder Jeffrey A. , Hamilton Paul T. , Clay Clark A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe regulation of caspase‐3 enzyme activity is a vital process in cell fate decisions leading to cell differentiation and tissue development or to apoptosis. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become an increasingly popular animal model to study several human diseases because of their transparent embryos, short reproductive cycles, and ease of drug administration. While apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process in metazoans, little is known about caspases from zebrafish, particularly regarding substrate specificity and allosteric regulation compared to the human caspases. We cloned zebrafish caspase‐3a (casp3a) and examined substrate specificity of the recombinant protein, Casp3a, compared to human caspase‐3 (CASP3) by utilizing M13 bacteriophage substrate libraries that incorporated either random amino acids at P5‐P1′ or aspartate fixed at P1. The results show a preference for the tetrapeptide sequence DNLD for both enzymes, but the P4 position of zebrafish Casp3a also accommodates valine equally well. We determined the structure of zebrafish Casp3a to 2.28Å resolution by X‐ray crystallography, and when combined with molecular dynamics simulations, the results suggest that a limited number of amino acid substitutions near the active site result in plasticity of the S4 sub‐site by increasing flexibility of one active site loop and by affecting hydrogen‐bonding with substrate. The data show that zebrafish Casp3a exhibits a broader substrate portfolio, suggesting overlap with the functions of caspase‐6 in zebrafish development.