bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Oxidation by Size‐Selected Co27 Clusters Supported on Fe2O3
Authors: Pellin Michael J. , Riha Shannon C. , Tyo Eric C. , Kwon Gihan , Libera Joseph A. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Seifert Soenke. , Lee Sungsik , Vajda Stefan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe complexity of the water oxidation reaction makes understanding the role of individual catalytic sites critical to improving the process. Here, size‐selected 27‐atom cobalt clusters (Co27) deposited on hematite (Fe2O3) anodes were tested for water oxidation activity. The uniformity of these anodes allows measurement of the activity of catalytic sites of well‐defined nuclearity and known density. Grazing incidence X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (GIXANES) characterization of the anodes before and after electrochemical cycling demonstrates that these Co27 clusters are stable to dissolution even in the harsh water oxidation electrochemical environment. They are also stable under illumination at the equivalent of 0.4 suns irradiation. The clusters show turnover rates for water oxidation that are comparable or higher than those reported for Pd‐ and Co‐based materials or for hematite. The support for the Co27 clusters is Fe2O3 grown by atomic layer deposition on a Si chip. We have chosen to deposit a Fe2O3 layer that is only a few unit cells thick (2 nm), to remove complications related to exciton diffusion. We find that the electrocatalytic and the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the Co27/Fe2O3 material is significantly improved when the samples are annealed (with the clusters already deposited). Given that the support is thin and that the cluster deposition density is equivalent to approximately 5 % of an atomic monolayer, we suggest that annealing may significantly improve the exciton diffusion from the support to the catalytic moiety.
A reporting system for endometrial cytology: Cytomorphologic criteria—Implied risk of malignancy
Authors: Margari Niki , Pouliakis Abraham , Anoinos Dionysios , Terzakis Emmanouil , Koureas Nikolaos , Chrelias Charalampos , Marios Makris George , Pappas Assimakis , Bilirakis Evripidis , Goudeli Christina , Damaskou Vasileia , Papantoniou Nicolaos , Panayiotides Ioannis , Karakitsos Petros 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThere have been various attempts to assess endometrial lesions on cytological material obtained via direct endometrial sampling. The majority of efforts focus on the description of cytological criteria that lead to classification systems resembling histological reporting formats. These systems have low reproducibility, especially in cases of atypical hyperplasia and well differentiated carcinomas. Moreover, they are not linked to the implied risk of malignancy.MethodsThe material was collected from women examined at the outpatient department of four participating hospitals. We analyzed 866 consecutive, histologically confirmed cases. The sample collection was performed using the EndoGyn device, and processed via Liquid Based Cytology, namely ThinPrep technique. The diagnostic categories and criteria were established by two cytopathologists experienced in endometrial cytology; performance of the proposed reporting format was assessed on the basis of histological outcome; moreover, the implied risk of malignancy was calculated.ResultsThe proposed six diagnostic categories are as follows: (i) nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory; (ii) without evidence of hyperplasia or malignancy; (iii) atypical cells of endometrium of undetermined significance; (iv) atypical cells of endometrium of low probability for malignancy; (v) atypical cells of endometrium of high probability for malignancy; and (vi) malignant. The risk of malignancy was 1.42% ± 0.98%, 44.44% ± 32.46% (nine cases), 4.30% ± 4.12%, 89.80% ± 8.47%, and 97.81% ± 2.45%, respectively.ConclusionWe propose a clinically oriented classification scheme consisting of diagnostic categories with well determined criteria. Each diagnostic category is linked with an implied risk of malignancy; thus, clinicians may decide on patient management and eventually reduce unnecessary interventional diagnostic procedures. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:888–901. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resource partitioning between sympatric seabird species increases during chick‐rearing
Authors: Barger Christopher P. , Young Rebecca C. , Will Alexis , Ito Motohiro , Kitaysky Alexander S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPartitioning of resources by competing species of seabirds may increase during periods of food shortages and elevated energy demands. Here, we examined whether food resource partitioning (differential use of foraging habitat or the consumption of different prey species) between common murres (COMU, Uria aalge) and thick‐billed murres (TBMU, U. lomvia) breeding on the same colony in the Bering Sea increases with a predictable increase in energy demands between the incubation and chick‐rearing stages of reproduction. We assessed the seasonal dynamics of food availability via corticosterone (CORT) levels and examined adult diet (via stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon, SI) and chick diets (based on nest observations). We compared chick provisioning patterns and examined the characteristics of parental foraging habitat via deployment of bird‐borne temperature‐depth recorders. We found that CORT levels remained low and similar between the species and reproductive stages, reflecting relatively stable and favorable foraging conditions for both murre species during the study period. Comparisons of SI between murres and their potential prey indicated that diets were similar between the species during incubation and diverged during chick‐rearing. Chick‐rearing common and thick‐billed murres also used different foraging habitats, as reflected in travel distances to foraging areas and sea surface temperature distributions of their foraging dives. TBMUs performed shorter foraging trips, deeper dives and delivered squid to their chicks, while COMUs foraged farther from the colony, performed shallower dives, and delivered fish species to their chicks. These results suggest that food resource partitioning between murre species increased during chick‐rearing under favorable foraging conditions. Whether the dietary segregation reflected species‐specific differences in adults' foraging efficiency, differences in chicks' dietary requirements, or was a way of reducing competition remains unknown. Regardless of the causal mechanism(s), food resource partitioning might ameliorate interspecific competition between sympatrically breeding birds during periods of increased energy demands.
Joint effects of nutrient addition and enemy exclusion on exotic plant success
Authors: Heckman Robert W. , Wright Justin P. , Mitchell Charles E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWorldwide, ecosystems are increasingly dominated by exotic plant species, a shift hypothesized to result from numerous ecological factors. Two of these, increased resource availability and enemy release, may act in concert to increase exotic success in plant communities (Resource‐Enemy Release Hypothesis, R‐ERH). To test this, we manipulated the availability of soil nutrients and access of vertebrate herbivores, insect herbivores, and fungal pathogens to intact grassland communities containing both native and exotic species. Our results supported both conditions necessary for R‐ERH. First, exotics were less damaged than natives, experiencing less foliar damage (insect herbivory and fungal disease) than native species, particularly in communities where soil nutrients were added. Second, fertilization increased foliar damage on native species, but not exotic species. As well as fulfilling both conditions for R‐ERH, these results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of resource availability when testing for enemy release. When both conditions are fulfilled, R‐ERHpredicts that increasing resource availability will increase exotic abundance only in the presence of enemies. Our results fully supported this prediction for vertebrate herbivores: fertilization increased exotic cover only in communities exposed to vertebrate herbivores. Additionally, the prediction was partially supported for insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, excluding these enemies reduced exotic cover as predicted, but inconsistent with R‐ERH, this effect occurred only in unfertilized communities. These results highlight the need to consider the influence of multiple enemy guilds on community processes like exotic plant invasions. Moreover, this study experimentally demonstrates that resource availability and natural enemies can jointly influence exotic success in plant communities.
Fecundity and the demographic strategies of coral morphologies
Authors: Álvarez‐Noriega Mariana , Baird Andrew H. , Dornelas Maria , Madin Joshua S. , Cumbo Vivian R. , Connolly Sean R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding species differences in demographic strategies is a fundamental goal of ecology. In scleractinian corals, colony morphology is tightly linked with many demographic traits, such as size‐specific growth and morality. Here we test how well morphology predicts the colony size‐fecundity relationship in eight species of broadcast‐spawning corals. Variation in colony fecundity is greater among morphologies than between species with a similar morphology, demonstrating that colony morphology can be used as a quantitative proxy for demographic strategies. Additionally, we examine the relationship between size‐specific colony fecundity and mechanical vulnerability (i.e., vulnerability to colony dislodgment). Interestingly, the relationship between size‐specific fecundity and mechanical vulnerability varied among morphologies. For tabular species, the most fecund colonies are the most mechanically vulnerable, while the opposite is true for massive species. For corymbose and digitate colonies, mechanical vulnerability remains relatively constant as fecundity increases. These results reveal strong differences in the demographic tradeoffs among species of different morphologies. Using colony morphology as a quantitative proxy for demographic strategies can help predict coral community dynamics and responses to anthropogenic change.
Water‐filling technique‐based proportionally fair scheduling algorithm for SC‐FDMA
Authors: Gu Jaheon , Lee Tae‐Jin , Chung Min Young 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSingle carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) regulates that subchannels allocated to a user should be contiguous in frequency domain (i.e., contiguity constraint). Due to the constraint, the proportionally fair (PF) scheduling in SC‐FDMA is known to be non‐deterministic polynomial‐time (NP) hard. In this paper, a novel PF scheduling algorithm is proposed based on the water‐filling (WF) technique to effectively solve PF scheduling in SC‐FDMA. The proposed algorithm is composed of 2 phases: subchannel allocation and data rate adjustment phases. In the subchannel allocation phase, user's power is allocated to frequency‐contiguous subchannels for maximizing users' data rates based on the WF technique. In the data rate adjustment phase, the modulation and coding scheme of user is decided by solving the PF scheduling problem with the WF technique. Through simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme achieves total data rates and logarithmic sum of average user data rates close to those of the optimal PF scheduling. In addition, the proposed scheme performs better than coherence subband based resource allocation scheme.
Relationship between structural and functional connectivity change across the adult lifespan: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Fjell Anders M. , Sneve Markus H. , Grydeland Håkon , Storsve Andreas B. , Amlien Inge K. , Yendiki Anastasia , Walhovd Kristine B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExtensive efforts are devoted to understand the functional (FC) and structural connections (SC) of the brain. FC is usually measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and conceptualized as degree of synchronicity in brain activity between different regions. SC is typically indexed by measures of white matter (WM) properties, for example, by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). FC and SC are intrinsically related, in that coordination of activity across regions ultimately depends on fast and efficient transfer of information made possible by structural connections. Convergence between FC and SC has been shown for specific networks, especially the default mode network (DMN). However, it is not known to what degree FC is constrained by major WM tracts and whether FC and SC change together over time. Here, 120 participants (20–85 years) were tested at two time points, separated by 3.3 years. Resting‐state fMRI was used to measure FC, and DWI to measure WM microstructure as an index of SC. TRACULA, part of FreeSurfer, was used for automated tractography of 18 major WM tracts. Cortical regions with tight structural couplings defined by tractography were only weakly related at the functional level. Certain regions of the DMN showed a modest relationship between change in FC and SC, but for the most part, the two measures changed independently. The main conclusions are that anatomical alignment of SC and FC seems restricted to specific networks and tracts, and that changes in SC and FC are not necessarily strongly correlated. Hum Brain Mapp 38:561–573, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transverse patterning, aging, and neuropsychological correlates in humans
Authors: Gracian Enrique I. , Osmon David C. , Mosack Katie E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTTransverse patterning is a learning and memory adaptation of the ‘rock/paper/scissors’ problem that has been though to depend on the hippocampus, is sensitive to aging, and requires pattern separation to solve. Previous investigators dichotomized cognitively normal older adults who passed a cognitive screening into impaired and unimpaired subsets, and found that impaired older adults were disproportionately deficient in pattern separation abilities. However, this variability in pattern separation ability has not been examined using a transverse patterning task. Our aims, then, were two‐fold: First, to determine if impaired older adults were inferior on transverse patterning compared to unimpaired older adults and young adults; second, to identify the neuropsychological correlates of transverse patterning. Our findings revealed that impaired older adults required more trials to criterion on the transverse patterning task than both young adults and unimpaired older adults. Unimpaired older adults also required more trials to criterion than young adults. A detailed analysis of the transverse patterning task confirmed that the aforementioned group differences were only observed in high interference conditions when pattern separation demands were at their peak. Finally, regression analyses showed that both memory and executive functioning neuropsychological composite scores were related to different indices of transverse patterning performance. Consistent with the pattern separation literature, and despite passing a cognitive screening, we found disproportionate transverse patterning deficits in impaired older adults. Forthcoming work should determine if transverse patterning performance is similar between impaired older adults and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization and therapeutic effects of PDT mediated by ALA and MAL in the treatment of cutaneous malignant lesions: A comparative study
Authors: Lima Cassio Aparecido , Goulart Viviane Pereira , Bechara Etelvino Jose Henriques , Correa Luciana , Zezell Denise Maria 
Published: September 2016

5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its methylated ester (MAL) are the most common topical agents used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as precursors of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The induction of newly PpIX depends on incubation time of each photosensitizer in the tissue and the presence of high intralesional porphyrin levels is an important parameter for the PDT effectiveness. This study used laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy to evaluate the optimum time to light exposure of PDT mediated by ALA (20% w/w) and MAL (10% w/w) to treat malignant lesions precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma induced in mice. The therapeutic effects obtained by optimized ALA‐ and MAL‐PDT were assessed 10 and 20 days after treatments. Higher PpIX levels were evidenced in the lesions photosensitized by ALA than MAL and according to LIF measurements the PDT irradiation was performed, respectively, at 300 and 330 minutes after ALA and MAL incubation. Histopathological analysis evidenced necrosis and epithelial atrophy after 10 days of PDT using both prodrugs, as well as reepitelization and collagen deposition at 20 days. Thus, despite the distinct concentration of ALA and MAL used in the formulation of each photosensitizing cream, PDT mediated by both photosensitizing agents obtained similar therapeutic outcomes.
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3D perfusion bioreactor‐activated porous granules on implant fixation and early bone formation in sheep
Authors: Ding Ming , Henriksen Susan S. , Martinetti Roberta , Overgaard Søren 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEarly fixation of total joint arthroplasties is crucial for ensuring implant survival. An alternative bone graft material in revision surgery is needed to replace the current gold standard, allograft, seeing that the latter is associated with several disadvantages. The incubation of such a construct in a perfusion bioreactor has been shown to produce viable bone graft materials. This study aimed at producing larger amounts of viable bone graft material (hydroxyapatite 70% and β‐tricalcium‐phosphate 30%) in a novel perfusion bioreactor. The abilities of the bioreactor‐activated graft material to induce early implant fixation were tested in a bilateral implant defect model in sheep, with allograft as the control group. Defects were bilaterally created in the distal femurs of the animals, and titanium implants were inserted. The concentric gaps around the implants were randomly filled with either allograft, granules, granules with bone marrow aspirate or bioreactor‐activated graft material. Following an observation time of 6 weeks, early implant fixation and bone formation were assessed by micro‐CT scanning, mechanical testing, and histomorphometry. Bone formations were seen in all groups, while no significant differences between groups were found regarding early implant fixation. The microarchitecture of the bone formed by the synthetic graft materials resembled that of allograft. Histomorphometry revealed that allograft induced significantly more bone and less fibrous tissue (p < 0.05). In conclusion, bone formation was observed in all groups, while the bioreactor‐activated graft material did not reveal additional effects on early implant fixation comparable to allograft in this model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2465–2476, 2017.
Understanding the Association Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Risk in College Students: Examining Self‐Compassion as a Potential Mediator
Authors: Chang Edward C. , Yu Tina , Najarian Alexandria S.‐M. , Wright Kaitlin M. , Chen Wenting , Chang Olivia D. , Du Yifeng , Hirsch Jameson K. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveWe tested a hypothesized model consistent with the notion that self‐compassion mediates the association between negative life events and suicidal risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in college studentsMethodThe sample was comprised of 331 college students. Self‐compassion facets (viz., self‐kindness, self‐judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and overidentification) were used in testing for multiple mediation, controlling for sex.ResultsCommon humanity, mindfulness, and overidentification were found to mediate the association between negative life events (NLE) and depressive symptoms. However, common humanity was found to be the only mediator of the association between NLE and suicidal behaviors.ConclusionThese findings suggest that there are specific facets of self‐compassion that account for the association between NLE and suicidal risk in college students and that (loss of) common humanity plays a central role in this process.
Postpolymerization Modifications of Alkene‐Functional Polycarbonates for the Development of Advanced Materials Biomaterials
Authors: Thomas Anthony W. , Dove Andrew P. 
Published: September 2016

Functional aliphatic polycarbonates have attracted significant attention as materials for use as biomedical polymers in recent years. The incorporation of pendent functionality offers a facile method of modifying materials postpolymerization, thus enabling functionalities not compatible with ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to be introduced into the polymer. In particular, polycarbonates bearing alkene‐terminated functional groups have generated considerable interest as a result of their ease of synthesis, and the wide range of materials that can be obtained by performing simple postpolymerization modifications on this functionality, for example, through radical thiol‐ene addition, Michael addition, and epoxidation reactions. This review presents an in‐depth appraisal of the methods used to modify alkene‐functional polycarbonates postpolymerization, and the diversity of practical applications for which these materials and their derivatives have been used.
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From Macromolecular to Small‐Molecular Triggers: Facile Method toward Photoinduced LCST Phase Behavior of Thermoresponsive Polymers in Mixed Ionic Liquids Containing an Azobenzene Moiety
Authors: Wang Caihong , Ma Xiaofeng , Kitazawa Yuzo , Kobayashi Yumi , Zhang Shiguo , Kokubo Hisashi , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: September 2016

Instead of the reported photoinduced lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition behavior in ionic liquids (ILs) achieved by photofunctional polymers, this study reports the facile photoinduced LCST phase behavior of nonfunctionalized polymers (poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBnMA) and poly(2‐phenylethyl methacrylate) (PPhEtMA)) in mixed ILs (1,3‐dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide; [C1mim][NTf2] and a newly designed functionalized IL containing an azobenzene moiety (1‐butyl‐3‐(4‐phenylazobenzyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide; [Azo][NTf2])) as a small‐molecular photo trigger. Interestingly, the length of the alkyl spacer between the ester and aryl groups, which is the only structural difference between the two polymers, leads to two different photoresponsive LCST phase transition behaviors. On the basis of spectroscopic studies, the different phase transition behaviors of PBnMA and PPhEtMA may attribute to the different cooperative interactions between the polymers and [C1mim][NTf2].
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Novel common mode suppression network for the transformation of single‐ended to balanced filters
Authors: Peláez Johanny Escobar , Olvera‐Cervantes Jose Luis , Corona‐Chavez Alonso 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA novel method to obtain balanced structures is introduced. The balanced behavior of a single‐ ended structure is achieved by combining two stages of the single‐ended device, by means of a new common mode suppression network (CMSN). As an example, a conventional single‐ended balanced bandpass filter (BPF) was designed, and then transformed into a balanced bandpass filter (BBPF). Around the design frequency, the differential mode (DM) of the balanced structure inherits the performance of the single‐ended filter, whist suppressing the common mode (CM) signals more than 20 dB. Additionally, the out‐of‐band response of the single‐ended filter is improved in the balanced prototype by attenuating the first spurious frequency from 0 dB to 20 dB. Good agreement between simulated and experimental results is obtained. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2831–2833, 2016