bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imine‐Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self‐Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D
Authors: Janica Iwona , Patroniak Violetta , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWithin the last two decades, dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has emerged as an efficient and versatile strategy for the design and synthesis of complex molecular systems in solution. While early examples of supramolecularly assisted covalent synthesis at surfaces relied strongly on kinetically controlled reactions for post‐assembly covalent modification, the DCC method takes advantage of the reversible nature of bond formation and allows the generation of the new covalently bonded structures under thermodynamic control. These structurally complex architectures obtained by means of DCC protocols offer a wealth of solutions and opportunities in the generation of new complex materials that possess sophisticated properties. In this focus review we examine the formation of covalently bonded imine‐based discrete nanostructures as well as one‐dimensional (1D) polymers and two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) physisorbed on solid substrates under various experimental conditions, for example, under ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) or at the solid–liquid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to gain insight, with a sub‐nanometer resolution, into the structure and properties of those complex nanopatterns.
Taminabrücke
Authors: Haug Holger , Striebel Fritz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDas Taminatal, mit dem linksseitigen Dorf Valens und dem rechtsseitigen Dorf Pfäfers, wurde bisher auf beiden Seiten durch je eine oberhalb der Schlucht angelegte Straße erschlossen. Beide Straßen gingen vom Ortszentrum von Bad Ragaz aus und gewannen zunächst mit mehreren Kehren in den bewaldeten steilen Hängen des Tamina‐ bzw. Rheintals an Höhe.Die linksseitige Valenserstraße befand sich mehrheitlich in einem schlechten baulichen Zustand. Sie führte durch ein aktives Rutschgebiet und aufgrund der damit verbundenen geologischen Risiken genügte diese Straße auf weiten Teilen nicht mehr den heutigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen.Mit der nun fertiggestellten 417 m langen Taminabrücke wird die Valenserstraße umfahren. Die Brücke überquert die Taminaschlucht in 200 m Höhe. Sie bildet das Hauptbauwerk der zwischen Frühjahr 2013 und Sommer 2017 errichteten neuen Zufahrtsstraße für das Taminatal. Ausgeführt wurde der als Sieger aus einem einstufigen, anonymen Wettbewerb hervorgegangene Entwurf des Büros Leonhardt, Andrä und Partner.
Comparing What to What, on What Scale? The Impact of Item Comparisons and Reference Points in Communicating Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Rakow Tim , Blackshaw Emily , Pagel Christina , Spiegelhalter David S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe mandated public availability of individual hospital's audit data for children's heart surgery in the UK creates a challenging scenario for communicating these complex and sensitive data to diverse audiences. On the basis of this scenario, we conducted three experiments with the aim of understanding how best to help lay people understand these data and the practical goal of improving the public presentation of these data. The experiments compared different outcome measures for displaying the survival rate (percentage scale versus the ratio of the predicted/observed rates) and presentation formats (individual hospital versus all hospitals shown) for outcomes data presented relative to prediction intervals generated by a risk model that adjusts for case mix. Our data highlight how easily inappropriate comparisons can influence evaluations of complex data: for instance, both a survival ratio of 1 and the presence of other hospitals seemingly provided reference points that resulted in inappropriately harsh evaluations of some hospitals. By drawing on evaluability theory, we demonstrate how to enhance people's understanding of these complex data while also discouraging inappropriate comparisons, which has implications for communicating risk and uncertainty and for choice architecture design in a range of contexts. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melatonin protects against Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity in primary neurons via miR‐132/PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway
Authors: Zhao Yue , Zhao Ranran , Wu Jintao , Wang Qian , Pang Kunkun , Shi Qingqing , Gao Qing , Hu Yanlai , Dong Xiaoguang , Zhang Jing , Sun Jinhao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disorder associated with age. Investigations suggest that amyliod‐β (Aβ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The accumulation of Aβ in the brain causes oxidative stress and synaptic toxicity, leads to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Previous investigations suggest that melatonin an endogenous hormone can counteract Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of Aβ‐induced toxicity and melatonin treatment remain elusive. Studies indicate that microRNA‐132 is crucial for neuronal survival and plays a key role in the pathological process of AD. Moreover, PTEN and FOXO3a two key targets of miR‐132 are upregulated in the AD brain. Here, we exposed the primary cultured cortical neurons with Aβ25‐35 and treated with melatonin. Our investigations demonstrated that Aβ25‐35 exposure significantly decreased the expression of miR‐132 and elevated the expression of PTEN and FOXO3a. Whereas, melatonin treatment could rescue the expression of miR‐132 and downregulate the level of PTEN and FOXO3a. Moreover, melatonin blocked the nuclear translocation of FOXO3a and thereby suppressed its pro‐apoptotic pathways. In addition, our investigations suggested that the over‐expression of miR‐132 could block Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. We also found that VO‐OHpic (PTEN inhibitor) could counteract Aβ‐induced neuronal damage, and LY294002 (AKT inhibitor) suppressed the protective effect of melatonin. Together, these results indicate that melatonin exerts its neuroprotective effect in Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity via miR‐132/PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):609–618, 2018
Customer and Supplier Collaboration in Green Product Innovation: External and Internal Capabilities
Authors: Melander Lisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFirms collaborate in green product innovation to develop products with less environmental impact. These products typically use less energy, have lower emissions and incorporate more environmentally friendly materials. In an industrial setting, firms often collaborate along the supply chain with customers and suppliers. This paper focuses on external and internal capabilities that firms need when collaborating in green product innovation. The paper builds on data from five large industrial firms in ten case studies, in which these firms collaborate with customers and suppliers to innovate green products to an industrial market. External and internal capabilities are investigated. The study points to the importance of finding a suitable partner. Partners need to have environmental expertise and contribute knowledge or technology that is new to the firm. Firms need to combine relational capabilities, such as trust, with contractual agreements in collaborative innovations. The findings point to the importance of knowledge management with the partner as well as internally in the firm. The study shows that no partner collaboration operates in isolation but is situated in a network context. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
RNA‐Templated Concatenation of Triplet Nucleic‐Acid Probe
Authors: Bahal Raman , Manna Arunava , Hsieh Wei‐Che , Thadke Shivaji A. , Sureshkumar Gopalsamy , Ly Danith H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTemplate‐directed synthesis offers several distinct benefits over conventional laboratory creation, including unsurpassed reaction rate and selectivity. Although it is central to many biological processes, such an approach has rarely been applied to the in situ synthesis and recognition of biomedically relevant target. Towards this goal, we report the development of a three‐codon nucleic‐acid probe containing a C‐terminal thioester group and an N‐terminal cysteine that is capable of undergoing template‐directed oligomerization in the presence of an RNA target and self‐deactivation in its absence. The work has implications for the development of millamolecular nucleic‐acid probes for targeting RNA‐repeated expansions associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and other related neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders.
Selenocysteine inhibits human osteosarcoma cells growth through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS‐mediated p53 phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Wei , Meng Fan‐bin , Wang Zhen‐xing , Li Xiao , Zhou Dong‐sheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma represents the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, which shows severe resistance toward standard chemotherapy because of high invasive capacity and growing incidence. Selenocysteine (SeC) is a naturally available Se‐containing amino acid that displays splendid anticancer activities against several human tumors. However, little information about SeC‐induced growth inhibition against human osteosarcoma is available. Herein, the anticancer efficiency and underlying mechanism of SeC against human osteosarcoma were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that SeC significantly inhibited MG‐63 human osteosarcoma cells growth in vitro through induction of S‐phase arrest and apoptosis, as reflected by the decrease of cyclin A and CDK‐2, PARP cleavage, and caspases activation. SeC treatment also resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction through affecting Bcl‐2 family expression. Moreover, SeC triggered p53 phosphorylation by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. ROS inhibition effectively blocked SeC‐induced cytotoxicity and p53 phosphorylation. Importantly, MG‐63 human osteosarcoma xenograft growth in nude mice was significantly suppressed in vivo through triggering apoptosis and p53 phosphorylation. These results indicated that SeC had the potential to inhibit human osteosarcoma cells growth in vitro and in vivo through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS‐mediated p53 phosphorylation, which validated the potential application of Se‐containing compounds in treatment of human osteosarcoma.
Alleviation of thalamic pain by cilostazol administration: a case report
Authors: Haruta‐Tsukamoto Ayaka , Funahashi Hideki , Miyahara Yu , Matsuo Tomoko , Nishimori Toshikazu , Ishida Yasushi 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageThalamic pain is severe and treatment‐resistant; however, there are few available options for improving thalamic pain. This study demonstrated that thalamic pain was alleviated by administration of cilostazol, suggesting that cilostazol may be a candidate for treating thalamic pain.
Successful management of a parasitic ischiopagus conjoined twins in a low‐income setting
Authors: Muhelo Arlindo Rosario , Montemezzo Genni , Da Dalt Liviana , Wingi Olivier Manzungu , Trevisanuto Daniele , Gamba Piergiorgio , Pizzol Damiano , Cavaliere Elena 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageIschiopagus parasites are fetal defects attached to a relatively normal twin by pelvis. This is the first reported case of parasitic ischiopagus twins without prenatal diagnosis successfully managed in Mozambique. A multidisciplinary team was involved in the supernumerary limbs excision. After 7 months, the infant has a normal development.
Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Aldehydes using Triphos Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Christie Francesca , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Grainger Damian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn air‐stable and readily accessible ruthenium dihydride complex catalyses aldehyde hydrogenation under neutral conditions. A high activity has been shown in a number of examples, and solvent‐free conditions are also applicable, which favours industrial‐scale applications. The catalyst has also been demonstrated to be active at low catalyst loadings for the reductive amination of aldehydes under mildly acidic conditions. A number of examples of chemoselectivity challenges are also presented in which the catalyst does not reduce carbon−halogen groups, alkene or ketone functionality. The advantage of using the pre‐formed complex, Triphos‐Ru(CO)H2 (1), over in situ formed catalysts from Triphos and Ru(acac)3 (acac=acetylacetonate) is also shown in terms of both chemoselectivity and activity, in particular this can be seen if low reaction temperatures are used.
A Copper(II) Molecular Catalyst for Efficient and Selective Photochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO in a Water‐Containing System
Authors: Liu Wen‐Ju , Huang Hai‐Hua , Ouyang Ting , Jiang Long , Zhong Di‐Chang , Zhang Wen , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA catalyst developed from a CuII complex of (Et4N)[Cu(pyN2Me2)(HCO2)]⋅0.5 CH3OH⋅H2O (1⋅0.5 CH3OH⋅H2O; pyN2Me2=bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxamidate(2‐)) shows a high activity to catalyze the reduction reaction of CO2 to CO driven by visible light in 4:1 acetonitrile/water (v:v) using [Ru(phen)3](PF6)2 as photosensitizer and TEOA as sacrificial reductant, with a high TON of 9900 and a high CO selectivity of 98 %. The results of isotope labeling experiment, durability tests and energy dispersive spectroscopy reveal that 1 is robust during the photocatalytic process.
On the Variable Reactivity of Phosphine‐Functionalized [Ge9] Clusters: Zintl Cluster‐Substituted Phosphines or Phosphine‐Substituted Zintl Clusters
Authors: Geitner Felix S. , Wallach Christoph , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reaction of [(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2PtBu2)]− with NHCMesCuCl yields [(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)(tBu2P)]Cu(NHCMes) (1), which is a new derivative of the recently reported monomeric zwitterionic tetrel cluster compounds [(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)(tBu2P)]M(NHCDipp) (M: Cu, Ag, Au). By contrast, the reaction of the same anion [(Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2PtBu2)]− with the more labile copper phosphine complex Cy3PCuCl leads to the formation of [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2{(tBu)2PCu}2Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2] (2), which is a neutral dimeric twofold‐bridged [Ge9] cluster compound, with the exo‐bonded phosphine substituent being involved in the cluster bridging. In case of the presence of sterically more demanding phosphines in [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2PR2]− [R: Mes (3) and NiPr2 (4)], reactions with NHCDippCuCl yielded the complexes NHCDippCu[η3‐Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2(PR2)] [R: Mes (5) and NiPr2 (6)], comprising exclusively Cu−Ge bonds. Compounds 5 and 6 show varying reactivity in dependence of the identity of the phosphine group and represent the first examples of fourfold‐substituted [Ge9] clusters with three different ligands bound to the [Ge9] cluster core. All compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, compounds 3 and 4 were analyzed by ESI‐MS, and the structures of compounds 1, 2, and 5 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Photoinduced Oxidation Catalysis by Au25‐xAgx(SR)18 Nanoclusters
Authors: Hanbao Chong , Guiqi Gao , Jinsong Chai , Sha Yang , Bo Rao , Guang Li , Manzhou Zhu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlloy gold nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted tremendous attention by the nanomaterial chemists on account of their extraordinary properties. Herein, we report a photoinduced oxidation catalysis by Au25‐xAgx− NCs. Due to the synergistic effect, the alloyed NCs Au25‐xAgx− were found to be the best among the tested catalysts, exhibiting complete conversion and exclusive selectivity. The phenomenon expands the scope of photocatalysts, rendering us more opportunities to explore more efficient catalysts.
Regular Tetrahedral Lattice Coordinate System for an Equivalent Arrangement of Bio‐mathematical Models Reflecting Objects’ Shape
Authors: HONMA SATORU , WAKAMATSU HIDETOSHI 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYMathematical simulation is utilized to visualize the invisible phenomena, such as distribution of temperature and/or stress in a concerning object, by using properly structuralized nodes on each grid point of the orthogonal coordinate system. Here, the close‐packed nodes with same effective radius are set on the vertex of regular tetrahedrons. Thus, the mathematical simulation calculating the interactions among nodes can be appropriately performed on the newly proposed coordinate system, which consists of continuous connection of regular tetrahedrons with six basic lattices. Then, the regular tetrahedron lattice coordinate system is well confirmed for the description of definite nodes having interaction with their neighboring ones.
Impact of Nickel Silicide Rear Metallization on the Series Resistance of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Bahabry Rabab R. , Hanna Amir N. , Kutbee Arwa T. , Gumus Abdurrahman , Hussain Muhammad. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe silicon‐based solar cell is one of the most important enablers toward high‐efficiency, low‐cost clean energy resources. Metallization of silicon‐based solar cells typically utilizes screen‐printed silver–aluminum (Ag–Al), which improves the cells′ electrical performance. To date, metal silicide‐based ohmic contacts are occasionally used as an alternative candidate only to the front‐contact grid lines in crystalline silicon (c‐Si)‐based solar cells. In this study, we investigate the electrical characteristics of nickel mono‐silicide (NiSi)/Cu–Al ohmic contact on the rear side of c‐Si solar cells. We observe a significant enhancement in the fill factor of approximately 6.5 % for NiSi/Cu–Al rear contacts, thereby leading to an increase in the efficiency by 1.2 % compared to Ag–Al. This is attributed to the improvement of the parasitic resistance in which the series resistance decreased by 0.737 Ω cm−2. Further, we complement experimental observation with a simulation of different contact resistance values, which shows the NiSi/Cu–Al rear contact to be a promising low‐cost metallization for c‐Si solar cells with enhanced efficiency.
Acute toxicity of Corexit EC9500A and assessment of dioctyl sulfosuccinate as an indicator for monitoring four oil dispersants applied to diluted bitumen
Authors: MacInnis Ceara Y. , Brunswick Pamela , Park Grace H. , Buday Craig , Schroeder Grant , Fieldhouse Ben , Brown Carl E. , van Aggelen Graham , Shang Dayue 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The present study investigated oil dispersant toxicity to fish species typical of the cooler regions of Canada, together with less well-documented issues pertaining to oil dispersant monitoring. The oil dispersant toxicity of Corexit EC9500A was assessed for the freshwater fish species rainbow trout and the seawater species coho, chinook, and chum, with a final median lethal concentration (LC50) acute lethality range between 35.3 and 59.8 mg/L. The LC50 range was calculated using confirmed 0-h dispersant concentrations that were justified by fish mortality within the first 24 h of exposure and by variability of the dispersant indicator dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS) used to monitor concentrations at later time points. To investigate DOSS as an oil dispersant indicator in the environment, microcosm systems were prepared containing Corexit EC9500A, Finasol OSR52, Slickgone NS, and Slickgone EW dispersants together with diluted bitumen. The DOSS indicator recovery was found to be stable for up to 13 d at 5 °C, 8 d at 10 °C, but significantly less than 8 d at ≥15 °C. After 3 d at temperatures ≥15 °C, the DOSS indicator recovery became less accurate and was dependent on multiple environmental factors including temperature, microbial activity, and aeration, with potential for loss of solvents and stabilizers. A final assessment determined DOSS to be a discrepant indicator for long-term monitoring of oil dispersant in seawater. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1309–1319. © 2018 SETAC
Impact of subchronic exposure to triclosan and/or fluoride on estrogenic activity in immature female rats: The expression pattern of calbindin‐D9k and estrogen receptor α genes
Authors: Abd‐Elhakim Yasmina M. , Mohammed Amany T. , Ali Haytham A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study explored the influence of triclosan (TCS) in the absence and presence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on estrogenic activity and thyroid function of adolescent female rats. The results indicated that the individual exposure to TCS evoked a significant decline in T3 and T4 but the levels of estradiol, FSH, and LH were significantly elevated beside marked up regulation of calbindin‐D9k and estrogen α mRNA expression. On the other hand, the single exposure to NaF causes insignificant changes in thyroid hormones, but evoked a trend toward an increase in both estradiol and LH levels. No significant differences in the TSH level were recorded among the experimental groups. The joint exposure to TCS and NaF induced a significant improvement in thyroid and reproductive hormone levels. Overall, these findings revealed that exposure to TCS resulted in significant endocrine and reproductive alterations in immature female rats, while TCS + NaF coexposure resulted in lessening most effects.
Effects of fixation on electrophysiology and structure of human jejunal villi
Authors: Casselbrant Anna , Helander Herbert F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe villi of human jejunum vary in size and shape during different functional conditions. In the base the lamina propria is isotonic with blood, in the tip hyperosmotic. Here we study electrophysiological and morphological effects of incubation in hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solutions, and to test various isotonic fixatives for microscopy. Samples of jejunal mucosae, obtained during surgery in obese patients, were studied in Ussing chambers where electrical parameters were registered during incubation in Krebs solution at various osmolarities, and during fixation in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or osmium tetroxide (OsO4). The same fixatives were used for other jejunal specimens that were fixed directly for light microscopy. Morphometry was carried out to determine size and height of villi, proportion of lamina propria, and surface enlargement due to villi. Ussing chamber incubation in fluids with low osmolarity resulted in increased electrical resistance and epithelial swelling. Opposite results were obtained at high osmolality. Fixation was faster in formaldehyde than in glutaraldehyde or OsO4. In biopsies processed directly for light microscopy the proportions of lamina propria of the mucosa, and of lamina propria of villi, were significantly larger in biopsies fixed in formaldehyde than after fixation in glutaraldehyde or OsO4. The villus tips sometimes ended with a bleb with prominent spaces between the epithelial cells. In summary, jejunal villi swell in vitro when exposed to hypotonic solutions, and shrink in hypertonic solutions. Much of the morphological changes occurring during fixation can be related to the physiological hyperosmolar milieu in villus tips.
Two‐frequency CARS imaging by switching fiber laser excitation
Authors: Rentchler Eric C. , Xie Ruxin , Hui Rongqing , Johnson Carey K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo fully exploit the power of coherent Raman imaging, techniques are needed to image more than one vibrational frequency simultaneously. We describe a method for switching between two vibrational frequencies based on a single fiber‐laser source. Stokes pulses were generated by soliton self‐frequency shifting in a photonic crystal fiber. Pump and Stokes pulses were stretched to enhance vibrational resolution by spectral focusing. Stokes pulses were switched between two wavelengths on the millisecond time scale by a liquid‐crystal retarder. Proof‐of‐principle is demonstrated by coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging of polystyrene beads embedded in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The Stokes shift was switched between 3,050 cm−1, where polystyrene has a Raman transition, and 2,950 cm−1, where both polystyrene and PMMA have Raman resonances. The method can be extended to multiple vibrational modes.