bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Curves on Symmetric Blowups of the Projective Plane, Resurgences, and Waldschmidt Constants
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Di Rocco Sandra , Harbourne Brian , Huizenga Jack , Seceleanu Alexandra , Szemberg Tomasz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Klein and Wiman configurations are highly symmetric configurations of lines in the projective plane arising from complex reflection groups. One noteworthy property of these configurations is that all the singularities of the configuration have multiplicity at least 3. In this paper we study the surface X obtained by blowing up $\mathbb{P}^{2}$ in the singular points of one of these line configurations. We study invariant curves on X in detail, with a particular emphasis on curves of negative self-intersection. We use the representation theory of the stabilizers of the singular points to discover several invariant curves of negative self-intersection on X, and use these curves to study Nagata-type questions for linear series on X.The homogeneous ideal I of the collection of points in the configuration is an example of an ideal where the symbolic cube of the ideal is not contained in the square of the ideal; ideals with this property are seemingly quite rare. The resurgence and asymptotic resurgence are invariants which were introduced to measure such failures of containment. We use our knowledge of negative curves on X to compute the resurgence of I exactly. We also compute the asymptotic resurgence and Waldschmidt constant exactly in the case of the Wiman configuration of lines, and provide estimates on both for the Klein configuration.
Comparison of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion to Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: Utilization, Costs, and Adverse Events 2003 to 2014
Authors: Witiw Christopher D , Smieliauskas Fabrice , O’Toole John E , Fehlings Michael G , Fessler Richard G 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurgery for cervical radiculopathy is often approached by either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). ACDF is more common; however, recent single center studies suggest comparable efficacy and significant cost savings with PCF in appropriately selected patients.OBJECTIVETo compare utilization, adverse events, and costs for each approach from a national perspective.METHODSAdults undergoing single level ACDF or PCF for cervical radiculopathy were included from a US commercial health insurance claims database spanning 2003 to 2014. Outcomes consisted of mortality, adverse events, length of stay, and total payments to the health provider. Propensity score matching balanced the groups on observed baseline covariates.RESULTSThe PCF cohort comprised 4851 subjects and the ACDF cohort included 46 147. A greater proportion of PCF cases were discharged on the same day (70.6% vs 46.1%;P< .001). Mortality (0.1/1000,P= .012), vascular injury (0.2/1000,P= .001), postoperative dysphagia/dysphonia (14.5/1000,P< .001), cutaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (0.2/1000,P= .002), and deep venous thrombosis (0.9/1000,P= .013) occurred more frequency in the ACDF cohort. Conversely, wound infections (14.6/1000,P< .001) and 30-d readmissions (9.8/1000,P< .001) were more frequent in the PCF cohort. Mean unadjusted total payments for the PCF cohort were $15 281 ± 12 225 and $26 849 ± 16 309 for ACDF. Matched difference was –$11 726 [95% confidence interval: –$12 221, –$11 232,P< .001] favoring PCF.CONCLUSIONWithin the inherent limitations of administrative data, our findings suggest an opportunity for value improvement in managing cervical radiculopathy and indicate a need for large-scale comparative study of clinical outcomes and costs.
The Effect of Cardiac Education on Knowledge and Self-care Behaviors Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Tawalbeh Loai Issa 
Published: January 2018

Background
No studies have been conducted in Jordan to examine the effect of cardiac education on knowledge and self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure in Jordan.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a cardiac educational program on knowledge and self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure.

Method
A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design was used. A convenient sample of 127 patients with heart failure was recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 55) or control (n = 65) group. Knowledge and self-care were measured at 1 and 3 months after the program application.

Results
Results indicated that the change of knowledge mean score was statistically significant, P ≤ .001, between the pretest and both the first and second posttests for the experimental group compared with the control group. The change of maintenance self-care mean was statistically significant, P ≤ .001, between the pretest and both the first and second posttests for the experimental group compared with the control group. Moreover, the change in the management self-care mean was statistically significant, P ≤ .001, between the pretest and both the first and second posttests for the experimental group compared with the control group. Finally, the change of confidence self-care mean was statistically significant, P ≤ .001, between the pretest and both the first and second posttests for the experimental group compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Applying cardiac education program helps improve knowledge and self-care among patients with heart failure. Such educational programs should be adopted in clinical settings to enhance knowledge and self-care behaviors.
The Effect of Admission Functional Independence on Early Recovery in Pediatric Traumatic and Nontraumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Marino Cherylynn , Botticello Amanda , Coyne Julia H. , Dribbon Michael , DeLuca John 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To examine functional independence at admission as a predictor of outcomes during an initial inpatient hospitalization for a pediatric brain injury.

Participants:
A total of 531 pediatric inpatients with traumatic (n = 298) or nontraumatic (n = 233) brain injuries.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of data extracted from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation.

Main Measure:
The Functional Independence Measure for Children, a measure of self-care, mobility, and cognitive independence.

Results:
Logistic regression analyses indicated that children with traumatic brain injury showed greater odds of making large functional gains in comparison with children with nontraumatic brain injury. For both groups, children entering rehabilitation with a moderate level of functional independence had the highest probability of making large gains. Children with a nontraumatic brain injury entering treatment with a high level of functioning made greater gains than those entering with low functioning. The opposite trend emerged for children with traumatic injuries.

Conclusions:
Level of functioning at admission may be a useful predictor of progress during an inpatient stay for youth with brain injuries. Children with nontraumatic brain injury entering treatment with low functioning are expected to make slower progress during hospitalization.
Anatomic Relationship Between the Hook of the Hamate and the Distal Transverse Carpal Ligament
Authors: Sytsma Terin T. , Ryan Holly S. , Lachman Nirusha , Kakar Sanjeev , Smith Jay 
Published: January 2018

Objective
During ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release, osseous landmarks may supplement direct visualization of the distal transverse carpal ligament (dTCL) to ensure a complete release. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the apex of the hook of the hamate (aHH) and the dTCL within the transverse safe zone (TSZ) of the carpal tunnel.

Design
Twenty unembalmed cadaveric specimens were dissected to determine the aHH-dTCL distance and the aHH-SPA distance (the distance between the aHH and the superficial palmar arch) at the ulnar and radial limits of the TSZ (the distance between the hook of the hamate or ulnar artery to the median nerve).

Results
The aHH-dTCL distance averaged 11–12 mm across the TSZ (maximum, 18.2 mm), whereas the aHH-SPA distance was significantly greater on the radial side of the TSZ compared with the ulnar side (22.6 ± 3.6 mm vs. 14.0 ± 4.0 mm).

Conclusions
The dTCL lies approximately 11–12 mm distal to the aHH across the TSZ, with an upper limit of 18.2 mm. Along with direct sonographic visualization of the dTCL, the aHH can be used with other osseous landmarks to estimate the position of the dTCL during ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release.
Novel PTCH1 Gene Mutation in Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Authors: Sim Yookyeong Carolyn , Kim Gu-Hwan , Choi Sung-Weon , Ahn Kang-Min 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to report clinical characteristics, surgical results, and new PTCH1 gene mutations in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Five patients were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from local dental clinics between 2006 and 2016 to treat multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs). The cystic lesions were enucleated and peripheral ostectomy was performed to obtain safety margin. Recurrence and/or de novo development of KOT were assessed. Gene analysis using peripheral blood was performed in all patients to identify the mutation of PTCH1 gene. Three patients showed familial history of first-degree relatives. Of the major criteria, all patients presented KOT but only 1 patient had basal cell carcinoma. Of the minor criteria, 4 of the 5 patients presented macrocephaly and hypertelorism. During follow-up periods, all patients showed recurrence and/or de novo development of KOT in the jaw bone. Mutation analysis of PTCH1 gene showed 3 frameshifts (c.817_818ins(T), c.1226_1227ins(A), and c.2748del(C)), 1 splicing (c.1504-2A>T), and 1 missense (c.385T>C) mutation. Mutations were found in exon 1, 6, 9, 17, and intron 10. Regular follow-up is necessary because recurrence rate of KOT was very high. To help early diagnosis, it is essential to routinely perform genetic testing to detect PTCH1 gene mutations among patients with NBCCS.
Treatment of Sagittal Fracture of the Zygomatic Arch Root Assisted by Surgical Navigation Technology
Authors: Dai Jin-Hong , Xu Dong-Dong , Yang Chang-Yuan , Li Zu-Bing , Li Zhi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Sagittal fracture at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch often occurs as a part of zygomaticomaxillary fractures. The authors described the application of computer-assisted navigation in the lag screw insertion for the fixation of sagittal fracture at the temporal root of zygomatic arch. Using the presurgical planning of the computer-assisted navigation system, the trajectory of lag screw insertion was designed, and the insertion depth was calculated. In the presurgical planning, the trajectory of screw insertion was placed with an anterior inclination of 10° to 15° (mean: 12.24°), and the screw insertion depth was 9.0 to 12.0 mm (mean: 10.65 mm). In the operation, the screw insertion in the fixation of the sagittal fracture was performed under the guidance of navigation system according to the presurgical planning. The postoperative CT scan showed exact reduction and fixation of the sagittal fracture in all cases. Computer-assisted navigation is a useful tool for the lag screw insertion in the precise fixation of sagittal fracture at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch in complex zygomaticomaxillary fractures.
The Impact of Velopharyngeal Surgery on the Polysomnographic Parameters After Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Mosaad , Hussien Ayman , Kamel Ahmed , Azooz Khaled , Fawaz Mohamed 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Velopharyngeal surgical procedures may have adverse effect on the airway of the patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the polysomnographic parameters (PSG) in patients who underwent corrective surgery for treatment of VPI. The study included 39 patients who underwent 1 of 3 velopharyngeal surgical techniques; Furlow palatoplasty (12 patients), pharyngeal flap (18 patients), and sphincter pharyngoplasty (9 patients). The patients were subjected to PSG, and they were considered to have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with apnea-hypoapnea index (AHI) >1.
Comparison of PSG parameters of patients showed insignificant difference regarding the total sleep time, sleep efficiency, arousal index, desaturation index, and minimum oxygen saturation. Significant difference was detected regarding peak end-tidal CO2 and AHI. Pharyngeal flap was detected as the most surgical technique that worsened the PSG parameters with OSA in 78% of patients, followed by sphincter pharyngoplasty with OSA in 56% of patients. Furlow palatoplasty was detected as the least impacting technique on the airway in 25% of patients who demonstrated OSA. In conclusion, velopharyngeal surgery has a variable impact on the PSG; pharyngeal flap has the most worsening effect followed by sphincter pharyngoplasty, while Furlow palatoplasty has the least adverse effect.
Morphometric Measurements of Bony Nasolacrimal Canal in Children
Authors: Ela Araz Server , Cigdem Kalaycik Ertugay , Karagoz Yesim , Yigit Ozgur , Longur Ecem Sevim 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Morphology and dimensions of the bony nasolacrimal canal duct (BNLD) as a key factor in the development of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We aimed to obtain detailed morphometric analysis of BNLD in children without nasolacrimal duct pathology by using computed tomography and provide standard measurements by means of age which could be utilized in planning management or in invasive interventions.

Methods:
Picture Archiving Communication Systems database of our hospital's radiology department was searched for this retrospective study. Subjects were under 18 years of age who had undergone a paranasal, maxillofacial, or temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography scan in last 2 years with various indications. Those with fractures including facial bones and/or nasolacrimal canal or history of nasolacrimal duct pathology were excluded from the study. We measured the diameter, angle, and surface area of BNLD.

Results:
A total number of 136 subjects (86 boys, 50 girls) were included in the study. The average age was 7.3 ± 5.1 years. We documented statistically significantly positive correlation between all measured diameters and ages (P < 0.001), whereas there was a negative association between mean angle and age (P < 0.001). Mean angle is defined as the angle between BNLD and nasal floor. The surface area of BNLD was found to be significantly increasing depending on age (P < 0.001). However, we could not find any significant association between gender and measured parameters (P > 0.050).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated that development of BNLD continues during childhood, regardless of gender.
Simulation of Shoulder Dystocia for Skill Acquisition and Competency Assessment
Authors: Gurewitsch Allen Edith D. 
Published: January 2018

Summary Statement
Mastery of shoulder dystocia management skills acquired via simulation training can reduce neonatal brachial plexus injury by 66% to 90%. However, the correlation between simulation drills and reduction in clinical injuries has been inconsistently replicated, and establishing a causal relationship between simulation training and reduction of adverse clinical events from shoulder dystocia is infeasible due to ethical limitations. Nevertheless, professional liability insurance carriers increasingly are mandating simulation-based rehearsal and competency assessment of their covered obstetric providers' shoulder dystocia management skills—a high-stakes demand that will require rapid scaling up of access to quality shoulder dystocia simulation. However, questions remain about differing simulation training schemes and instructional content used among clinically effective and ineffective educational interventions. This review of original research compares curricular content of shoulder dystocia simulation and reveals several critical gaps: (1) prescriptive instruction prioritizing maneuvers shown to decrease strain on the brachial plexus is inconsistently used. (2) Proscriptive instruction to avoid placing excessive and laterally directed traction on the head or to observe a brief hands-off period before attempting traction is infrequently explicit. (3) Neither relative effectiveness nor potential interaction between prescriptive and proscriptive elements of instruction has been examined directly. (4) Reliability of high-fidelity mannequins capable of objective measurement of clinician-applied traction force as compared with subjective assessment of provider competence is unknown. Further study is needed to address these gaps and inform efficient and effective implementation of clinically translatable shoulder dystocia simulation.
Capturing context-specific regulation in molecular interaction networks
Authors: Rush Stephen T , Repsilber Dirk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMotivationGene expression changes over time in response to perturbations. These changes are coordinated into functional modulesviaregulatory interactions. The genes within a functional module are expected to be differentially expressed in a manner coherent with their regulatory network. This perspective presents a promising approach to increase power to detect differential signals as well as for describing regulated modules from a mechanistic point of view.ResultsWe present an effective procedure for identifying differentially activated subnetworks in molecular interaction networks. Differential gene expression coherent with the regulatory nature of the network is identified. Sequentially controlling error on genes and links results in more efficient inference. By focusing on local inference, our method is ignorant of the global topology, and as a result equally effective on exponential and scale-free networks. We apply our procedure both to systematically simulated data, comparing its performance to alternative methods, and to the transcription regulatory network in the context of particle-induced pulmonary inflammation, recapitulating and proposing additional candidates to some previously obtained results.Contactstephen.rush@oru.se,dirk.repsilber@oru.se
Linking signal detection theory and encoding models to reveal independent neural representations from neuroimaging data
Authors: Soto Fabian A. , Vucovich Lauren E. , Ashby F. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany research questions in visual perception involve determining whether stimulus properties are represented and processed independently. In visual neuroscience, there is great interest in determining whether important object dimensions are represented independently in the brain. For example, theories of face recognition have proposed either completely or partially independent processing of identity and emotional expression. Unfortunately, most previous research has only vaguely defined what is meant by “independence,” which hinders its precise quantification and testing. This article develops a new quantitative framework that links signal detection theory from psychophysics and encoding models from computational neuroscience, focusing on a special form of independence defined in the psychophysics literature: perceptual separability. The new theory allowed us, for the first time, to precisely define separability of neural representations and to theoretically link behavioral and brain measures of separability. The framework formally specifies the relation between these different levels of perceptual and brain representation, providing the tools for a truly integrative research approach. In particular, the theory identifies exactly what valid inferences can be made about independent encoding of stimulus dimensions from the results of multivariate analyses of neuroimaging data and psychophysical studies. In addition, commonly used operational tests of independence are re-interpreted within this new theoretical framework, providing insights on their correct use and interpretation. Finally, we apply this new framework to the study of separability of brain representations of face identity and emotional expression (neutral/sad) in a human fMRI study with male and female participants.Author SummaryA common question in vision research is whether certain stimulus properties, like face identity and expression, are represented and processed independently. We develop a theoretical framework that allowed us, for the first time, to link behavioral and brain measures of independence. Unlike previous approaches, our framework formally specifies the relation between these different levels of perceptual and brain representation, providing the tools for a truly integrative research approach in the study of independence. This allows to identify what kind of inferences can be made about brain representations from multivariate analyses of neuroimaging data or psychophysical studies. We apply this framework to the study of independent processing of face identity and expression.
IκBζ is constitutively expressed in human and murine airway epithelium
Authors: Sundaram Kruthika , Mitra Srabani , Lorscheid Sebastian , Steiner Haley , Sarkar Anasuya , Shilo Konstantin , Boyaka Prosper N. , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Wewers Mark D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAIMIκBζ is a transcriptional factor induced in immune cells upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Recent studies demonstrate unconventional, constitutive expression of IκBζ in epithelium of mouse skin and eyes, possibly reflecting continuous activation of TLRs by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this context, the lung epithelium which constitutes another important barrier also expresses IκBζ but may not be as actively exposed to pathogens as skin and eyes. Our aim was to determine if IκBζ expression in the lungs is constitutive or induced.SIGNIFICANCEIκBζ is linked to lung disorders due to its role in regulating protective cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in airway epithelium and can therefore be a potential biomarker and a key therapeutic target.METHODSWe evaluated IκBζ expression in airway epithelia of healthy humans and three kinds of mice: normal, gnotobiotic and Nfkbiz−/− knockout, using immunostaining and immunoblotting.RESULTSImmunohistochemistry of ciliated airway epithelial cells in healthy humans and normal mice was positive for IκBζ. The pathogen free airway cells from gnotobiotic mice also stained positive, suggesting that lung epithelial IκBζ expression does not require induction by PAMPs. Although lung epithelia from Nfkbiz−/− knockout mice also stained positive, this knockout may not have eliminated exons 3-4 and 9-14, and so did not provide the specificity control for the IκBζ antiserum. Importantly, immunoblotting tissue homogenates from gnotobiotic mouse lungs and primary human airway epithelial cells demonstrated constitutive IκBζ expression at its correct 86 kDa size.CONCLUSIONSOur data demonstrates constitutive expression of IκBζ protein in airway epithelium, indicating a potential role for this molecule in lung homeostasis.