bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida albicans Sap6 amyloid regions function in cellular aggregation and zinc binding, and contribute to zinc acquisition
Authors: Kumar Rohitashw , Breindel Christine , Saraswat Darpan , Cullen Paul J. , Edgerton Mira 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity. C. albicans secreted aspartic protease Sap6 is important for virulence during oral candidiasis since it degrades host tissues to release nutrients and essential transition metals. We found that zinc specifically increased C. albicans autoaggregation induced by Sap6; and that Sap6 itself bound zinc ions. In silico analysis of Sap6 predicted four amyloidogenic regions that were synthesized as peptides (P1–P4). All peptides, as well as full length Sap6, demonstrated amyloid properties, and addition of zinc further increased amyloid formation. Disruption of amyloid regions by Congo red significantly reduced auotoaggregation. Deletion of C. albicans genes that control zinc acquisition in the ZAP1 regulon, including zinc transporters (Pra1 and Zrt1) and other zinc-regulated surface proteins, resulted in lower autoaggregation and reduction of surface binding of Sap6. Cells with high expression of PRA1 and ZRT1 also showed increased Sap6-mediated autoaggregation. C. albicans ∆sap6 deletion mutants failed to accumulate intracellular zinc comparable to ∆zap1, ∆zrt1, and ∆pra1 cells. Thus Sap6 is a multi-functional molecule containing amyloid regions that promotes autoaggregation and zinc uptake, and may serve as an additional system for the community acquisition of zinc.
Mechanism of superior luminescent and high-efficiency photocatalytic properties of Eu-doped calcium aluminate by low-cost self-propagating combustion synthesis technique
Authors: Rao Jiancun , Wang Yujin , Wang Wen , Ke Hua , Li Yechen , Zhao Yang , Diao Zhiliang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEu-doped calcium aluminate was synthesized via the low-cost self-propagating combustion synthesis (SPCS) technique, whose phase constitutions were identified as Ca9Al6O18 and Ca3Al2O6. The Ca2+ ions in Ca9Al6O18 rather than Ca3Al2O6 phase were replaced by Eu3+ ions. The product exhibits the superior luminescent property and photocatalytic activity, which may find potential applications in the display devices and environment treatments.
Targeted Patching and Dendritic Ca2+ Imaging in Nonhuman Primate Brain in vivo
Authors: Ding Ran , Liao Xiang , Li Jingcheng , Zhang Jianxiong , Wang Meng , Guang Yu , Qin Han , Li Xingyi , Zhang Kuan , Liang Shanshan , Guan Jiangheng , Lou Jia , Jia Hongbo , Chen Bingbo , Shen Hui , Chen Xiaowei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNonhuman primates provide an important model not only for understanding human brain but also for translational research in neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, many high-resolution techniques for recording neural activity in vivo that were initially established for rodents have not been yet applied to the nonhuman primate brain. Here, we introduce a combination of two-photon targeted patching and dendritic Ca2+ imaging to the neocortex of adult common marmoset, an invaluable primate model for neuroscience research. Using targeted patching, we show both spontaneous and sensory-evoked intracellular dynamics of visually identified neurons in the marmoset cortex. Using two-photon Ca2+ imaging and intracellular pharmacological manipulation, we report both action-potential-associated global and synaptically-evoked NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-mediated local Ca2+ signals in dendrites and spines of the superficial-layer cortical neurons. Therefore, we demonstrate the presence of synaptic Ca2+ signals in neuronal dendrites in living nonhuman primates. This work represents a proof-of-principle for exploring the primate brain functions in vivo by monitoring neural activity and morphology at a subcellular resolution.
Dust in brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets
Authors: Helling Ch. , Tootill D. , Woitke P. , Lee E. 
Published: May 2017

Context. Recent observations indicate potentially carbon-rich (C/O > 1) exoplanet atmospheres. Spectral fitting methods for brown dwarfs and exoplanets have invoked the C/O ratio as additional parameter but carbon-rich cloud formation modeling is a challenge for the models applied. The determination of the habitable zone for exoplanets requires the treatment of cloud formation in chemically different regimes.
Aims. We aim to model cloud formation processes for carbon-rich exoplanetary atmospheres. Disk models show that carbon-rich or near-carbon-rich niches may emerge and cool carbon planets may trace these particular stages of planetary evolution.
Methods. We extended our kinetic cloud formation model by including carbon seed formation and the formation of C[s], TiC[s], SiC[s], KCl[s], and MgS[s] by gas-surface reactions. We solved a system of dust moment equations and element conservation for a prescribed Drift-Phoenixatmosphere structure to study how a cloud structure would change with changing initial C/O0 = 0.43...10.0.
Results. The seed formation efficiency is lower in carbon-rich atmospheres than in oxygen-rich gases because carbon is a very effective growth species. The consequence is that fewer particles make up a cloud if C/O0 > 1. The cloud particles are smaller in size than in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. An increasing initial C/O ratio does not revert this trend because a much greater abundance of condensible gas species exists in a carbon-rich environment. Cloud particles are generally made of a mix of materials: carbon dominates if C/O0 > 1 and silicates dominate if C/O0 < 1. A carbon content of 80–90% carbon is reached only in extreme cases where C/O0 = 3.0 or 10.0.
Conclusions. Carbon-rich atmospheres form clouds that are made of particles of height-dependent mixed compositions, sizes and numbers. The remaining gas phase is far less depleted than in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Typical tracer molecules are HCN and C2H2 in combination with a featureless, smooth continuum due to a carbonaceous cloud cover, unless the cloud particles become crystalline.
Inflammasomes in Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Alegre Fernando , Pelegrin Pablo , Feldstein Ariel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCell death and inflammation are two central elements in the development of liver fibrosis. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells in the liver that are key regulators of inflammation and cell fate. They respond to cellular danger signals by activating caspase 1, releasing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as initiating a novel pathway of programmed cell death termed “pyroptosis.” These processes can initiate and perpetuate an abnormal wound-healing response with the principle cellular target being the activation of hepatic stellate cells. From the various inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a disease process that is soaring and has evolved as a primary cause of liver fibrosis and need for liver transplantation. In this review, the authors highlight the growing evidence for both indirect and direct effects of inflammasomes in triggering liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
Update on the Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration
Authors: Preziosi Morgan , Monga Satdarshan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLiver possesses many critical functions such as synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism. It continually receives nutrient-rich blood from gut, which incidentally is also toxin-rich. That may be why liver is uniquely bestowed with a capacity to regenerate. A commonly studied procedure to understand the cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration is that of surgical resection. Removal of two-thirds of the liver in rodents or patients instigates alterations in hepatic homeostasis, which are sensed by the deficient organ to drive the restoration process. Although the exact mechanisms that initiate regeneration are unknown, alterations in hemodynamics and metabolism have been suspected as important effectors. Key signaling pathways are activated that drive cell proliferation in various hepatic cell types through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Once the prehepatectomy mass is regained, the process of regeneration is adequately terminated. This review highlights recent discoveries in the cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration.
Update Dyslipidämien – Kommentar zur aktualisierten ESC/EAS-Leitlinie 2016
Authors: Sinning David , Landmesser Ulf 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Risikostratifizierung Für eine geeignete therapeutische Strategie zur kardiovaskulären Prävention werden in der aktuellen ESC/EAS-Leitlinie 4 Risikokategorien definiert. Risiko-modulierende Faktoren sind u. a. eine atherosklerotische kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung, ein bestehender Diabetes mellitus und ein bereits manifester Endorganschaden.
LDL-C als primäres Therapieziel Das LDL-Cholesterin wird als der primäre therapeutische Zielwert für die kardiovaskuläre Prävention empfohlen. Das HDL-Cholesterin wird in den aktuellen Leitlinien nicht als therapeutischer Zielwert empfohlen. Neben dem Erreichen eines LDL-C-Zielwertes (z. B. < 70 mg/dl für Patienten mit sehr hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko) wird nun gleichzeitig eine LDL-C-Senkung um mehr als 50 % bei Patienten mit hohem und sehr hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko als Therapieziel empfohlen, wenn ein gering oder moderat erhöhter LDL-C-Ausgangswert vorliegt.
Lipidmodifizierende Therapie Wenn der jeweilige LDL-C-Zielwert unter alleiniger Statintherapie in maximal verträglicher Dosis nicht erreicht wird, sollte eine zusätzliche Therapie mit Ezetimib erwogen werden. Des Weiteren besteht nunmehr bei Patienten mit sehr hohen LDL-Cholesterinspiegeln trotz einer maximal verträglichen Statin/Ezetimib-Therapie die Möglichkeit der effektiven LDL-C-Reduktion mittels PCSK9-Inhibition.
Stellenwert der ambulanten Geriatrie
Authors: Kraft Johannes 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu
Ambulante Gesundheitsversorgung im Alter Aktuelle Bedarfsplanung und Versorgungsrealität weichen zunehmend auseinander. Geriatrie erfolgt idealerweise als abgestufte Versorgung in einem regionalen Netzwerk.
Hausärztlich-geriatrische Grundversorgung Das Basisassessment ermöglicht die Integration geriatrischer Screening-Diagnostik in den Praxisalltag. Ein vernetztes Konzept haus- und fachärztlicher Versorgung mit einer spezialisierten ambulanten Versorgung hat das Potenzial, stationäre Einweisungen zu vermeiden und die Qualität der ambulanten Versorgung geriatrischer Patienten zu steigern.
KBV-Entwurf „Spezifische geriatrische Versorgung“ Die Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV) hat im ambulanten kassenärztlichen Bereich eine Zwischenstufe zwischen spezialisierter Versorgung durch Geriater an Kliniken und niedergelassenen Kassenärzten skizziert.
Spezialisierte Versorgung nach EBM-Abschnitt 30.13 Seit dem 1.7.2016 können Hausärzte Patienten die Chance auf spezialisierte geriatrische Beratung und Diagnostik eröffnen. Sie wird in Verbindung mit kooperierenden Therapieteams von zugelassenen niedergelassenen Geriatern oder an geriatrischen Institutsambulanzen auf Zuweisung erbracht.
Neue Modelle erweiterter geriatrischer Institutsambulanzen/Ausblick Die kooperative Zusammenarbeit von Hausärzten mit ambulant tätigen Geriatern eröffnet Chancen, präventive, akutmedizinische, rehabilitative und palliative Leistungen regional abgestimmt und bedarfsgerecht weiter zu entwickeln.
Möglichkeiten der Tabakprävention im Strafvollzug – Eine Übersicht aus bisherigen Erfahrungen der Tabakprävention in Gefängnissen und deren Nutzen für den Jugendstrafvollzug
Authors: Richter Simone , Stöver Heino 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungEs liegen nur wenige Erkenntnisse über die Wirksamkeit der Tabakprävention im gesamten Strafvollzug, besonders aber im Jugendstrafvollzug vor. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand von Maßnahmen der Tabakprävention im Strafvollzug zusammen zu tragen, die für Jugendstrafgefangene im Alter von 14–24 Jahren als Orientierung genutzt werden können. Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO und Web of Science sowie per Handsuche. Daraus ergaben sich 17 relevante Studien, die sich größtenteils auf den Erwachsenenvollzug bezogen. Als die hilfreichsten Unterstützungsmethoden im Rauchausstieg wurden Belohnungssysteme und mehr Freizeitangebote identifiziert. Durch kombinierte Maßnahmen, wie Beratungen und pharmakologische Behandlung, konnten vergleichende Abstinenzraten wie in der Allgemeinbevölkerung erreicht werden. Begrenzte Rauchverbote innerhalb des Gefängnisses, mit Ausnahme des Haftraums, erwiesen sich als effektive Methoden des Passivrauchschutzes, die auch von den Jugendstrafgefangenen akzeptiert werden. Schlussfolgernd zeigen die Ergebnisse effektive und durchführbare Methoden der Tabakentwöhnung und des Passivrauchschutzes in Haft. Eine direkte Übertragung der Ergebnisse auf den Jugendstrafvollzug in Deutschland ist jedoch nicht möglich. Für die Implementierung der Tabakprävention im Jugendstrafvollzug sind ein bedürfnisorientiertes und zielgruppenspezifisches Vorgehen und die Einbeziehung aller Betroffenen erforderlich. Durch eine vorausgehende qualitative Forschung können der Bedarf und die Bedürfnisse ermittelt werden.
Forced Retirement from Professional Rugby Union is Associated with Symptoms of Distress
Authors: Brown James , Kerkhoffs Gino , Lambert Mike , Gouttebarge Vincent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRugby has a higher injury burden than other popular sports, such as football. Athletes who are forced to retire as a result of injury are associated with poor mental health. With its high injury burden, professional rugby players might be at risk of mental health conditions associated with injury-related forced retirement. This study aimed to compare mental health between former professional rugby players who were and weren’t forced to retire. A questionnaire including the 4DSQ (distress), GHQ-12 (anxiety/depression), PROMIS short-form (sleep disturbance) and AUDIT-C (alcohol misuse) was completed by retired professional players from Ireland, France and South Africa. The questionnaire asked players whether or not they were forced to retire, as well as the reason for retirement. Players forced to retire were more than twice as likely to report symptoms of distress in comparison to those that retired voluntarily (odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–3.6, p<0.001). None of the other mental health measures (anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance or alcohol misuse) were associated with forced retirement. In conclusion, rugby players that were forced to retire may require support structures and longitudinal monitoring. Future studies should begin monitoring players during their careers to accurately assess the effect of retirement on mental health.
Immundefizienz im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Salzer Ulrich , Warnatz Klaus 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik primärer Immundefekte Eine frühe und präzise Diagnosestellung primärer Immundefekte ist notwendig. Die AWMF-Leitlinie definiert Warnzeichen und eine Stufendiagnostik, um dieses Ziel zu erreichen.
Variabler Immundefekt (CVID) CVID ist der Sammelbegriff für ein heterogenes Antikörpermangelsyndrom, das durch die zunehmende Anwendung moderner genetischer Diagnostik und bessere gezielte Therapieoptionen eine dramatische Reform mit diagnostischen und therapeutischen Folgen erfährt.
Gata2-Defizienz Heterozygote Mutationen in dem hämatopoetischen Transkriptionsfaktor GATA2 führen zu einem seltenen, klinisch heterogenen Krankheitsbild. Neben Störungen der Hämatopoese ist eine Immundefizienz im Erwachsenenalter die häufigste Manifestation.
Inotrope Substanzen beim infarktbedingten kardiogenen Schock
Authors: Janssens Uwe , Riessen Reimer 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Therapeutisch eingesetzte Katecholamine Inotrop wirksame Katecholamine und Phosphodiesterase-Hemmer werden zur Behandlung des kardiogenen Schocks eingesetzt. Gerade bei der dominierenden Form des infarktbedingten kardiogenen Schocks ist dies aus pathophysiologischer Sicht jedoch mit großen Risiken verbunden und noch nie für diese Indikation in größeren randomisierten Studien validiert worden.
Alternative Levosimendan Aktuelle Leitlinien empfehlen einen vorsichtigen Umgang mit inotropen Substanzen. Adrenalin sollte vermieden werden. Die Gabe des Kalzium-Sensitizers Levosimendan birgt dagegen theoretisch Vorteile. Dies ist aber durch Studiendaten noch nicht ausreichend belegt.
Kardioprotektive und Katecholamin-restriktive Therapie Es werden hochwertige Studien benötigt, die eine „kardioprotektive Therapie“ mit einem sehr restriktiven Einsatz von Katecholaminen und perfusionsbasierten Zielparametern mit einem konventionellen Management des kardiogenen Schocks vergleichen.
Clinical utility of a functional lumen imaging probe in management of dysphagia following head and neck cancer therapies
Authors: Wu Peter , Szczesniak Michal , Maclean Julia , Choo Lennart , Quon Harry , Graham Peter , Zhang Teng , Cook Ian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background and aims Chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) with/without laryngectomy commonly causes dysphagia. Pharyngoesophageal junction (PEJ) stricturing is an important contributor. We aimed to validate a functional lumen imaging probe (the EndoFLIP system) as a tool for quantitating pretreatment PEJ distensibility and treatment-related changes in HNC survivors with dysphagia and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EndoFLIP-derived distensibility in detecting PEJ strictures.
Methods We studied 34 consecutive HNC survivors with long-term (> 12 months) dysphagia who underwent endoscopic dilation for suspected strictures. Twenty non-dysphagic patients undergoing routine endoscopy served as controls. PEJ distensibility was measured at endoscopy with the EndoFLIP system pre- and post-dilation. PEJ stricture was defined as the presence of a mucosal tear post-dilation.
Results PEJ stricture was confirmed in 22/34 HNC patients (65 %). During distension up to 60 mmHg, the mean EndoFLIP-derived narrowest cross-sectional area (nCSA) in HNC patients with strictures, without strictures, and in controls were 58 mm2 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 22 to 118), 195 mm2 (95 %CI 129 to 334), and 227 mm2 (95 %CI 168 to 316), respectively. A cutoff of 114 mm2 for the nCSA at the PEJ had perfect diagnostic accuracy in detecting strictures (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 1). In patients with strictures, a single session of dilation increased the nCSA by 29 mm2 (95 %CI 20 to 37; P < 0.001). In patients with no strictures, dilation caused no change in the nCSA (mean difference 13 mm2 [95 %CI −4 to 30]; P = 0.13).
Conclusions EndoFLIP is a highly accurate technique for the detection of PEJ strictures. EndoFLIP may complement conventional diagnostic tools in the detection of pharyngeal outflow obstruction.
AP1G mediates vacuolar acidification during synergid-controlled pollen tube reception
Authors: Wang Jia-Gang , Feng Chong , Liu Hai-Hong , Feng Qiang-Nan , Li Sha , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Double fertilization of angiosperms is preceded by the death of gametophytic cells: Two synergid cells degenerate to create a microenvironment for fertilization, whereas the pollen tube bursts to discharge sperm cells. This process is called pollen tube reception, in which a few synergid surface proteins have been identified, but intracellular activities involved are obscure. We report here that vacuolar acidification, mediated by V-ATPases and adaptor protein 1, might be an important mechanism for synergid degeneration during pollen tube reception. The study provides insights into a cell-death mechanism specifically adopted by the plant phylum.
Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer
Authors: Mungall Emma L. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Lee Alex K. Y. , Thomas Jennie L. , Blais Marjolaine , Gosselin Michel , Miller Lisa A. , Papakyriakou Tim , Willis Megan D. , Liggio John 
Published: May 2017

Significance
A biogeochemical connection between the atmosphere and the ocean is demonstrated whereby a marine source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds is identified. Compounds of this type are involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol, which remains one of the most poorly understood components of Earth’s climate system due in part to the diverse sources of its volatile organic compound precursors. This is especially the case for marine environments, where there are more oxygenated volatile organic compounds than can be accounted for by known sources. Although it was observed in the summertime Arctic, this connection may be widespread and important to our understanding of secondary organic aerosol in other remote marine environments, with implications for our understanding of global climate.
Historical climate controls soil respiration responses to current soil moisture
Authors: Hawkes Christine V. , Waring Bonnie G. , Rocca Jennifer D. , Kivlin Stephanie N. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Ecosystems’ feedback to climate change remains a source of uncertainty in global models that project future climate conditions. That uncertainty rests largely on how much soil carbon will be lost as microbial respiration and how that loss varies across ecosystems. Although there has been a large emphasis on microbial temperature responses, how soil microorganisms respond to changes in moisture remains poorly understood. Here we show that historical rainfall controls soil respiration responses to current moisture. This finding was robust, with historical climate repeatedly limiting current respiration regardless of alterations to soil moisture, rainfall, or the arrival of new taxa. This study highlights the importance that legacies in microbial responses to climate change can have in future ecosystem responses.
Deformable and conformal silk hydrogel inverse opal
Authors: Min Kyungtaek , Kim Sookyoung , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Although many researchers show interest in biopolymers such as proteins and DNA due to their favorable material traits, applying biopolymer-based nanooptics to biological tissues is still challenging due to large deformation and humid environments of tissues. This constraint requires that the nanooptical devices must hold deformability, durability, and biocompatibility at the same time. In this study, we report deformable and conformal silk hydrogel inverse opals that may lead to giving night vision or IR vision to humans. Silk hydrogel is produced via photo–cross-linking of the stilbene chromophore with silk molecules under short-wavelength UV exposure. By exploiting the favorable material traits of silk, our deformable silk-based optical nanostructure adds a dimension at the interface between nanooptics and biology.
Bacteria exploit a polymorphic instability of the flagellar filament to escape from traps
Authors: Kühn Marco J. , Schmidt Felix K. , Eckhardt Bruno , Thormann Kai M. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
It has long been established that flagella provide an efficient means of movement for bacteria in planktonic environments (free swimming) or across surfaces (swarming). However, rather little is known about bacterial motility in structured environments. In this study, we demonstrate that polarly flagellated bacteria can exploit a polymorphic instability of the flagellar filament for a third type of flagella-mediated movement in which the flagellum wraps around the cell body and the cells back out from narrow passages in a screw-like motion.