bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULTIFUNCTIONAL MUTANTS OF Azospirillum sp. WITH ENHANCED CAPABILITY OF SOLUBILIZING PHOSPHORUS, FIXING NITROGEN AND PRODUCING INDOLE ACETIC ACID
Authors: Riyanti Eny Ida , Hadiarto Toto , Susilowati D.N. 
Published: August 2016

Azospirillum sp. have long been known as biofertilizer for plant growth because of its capability to produce phytohormones and fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. Multifunctional Azospirillum strain Aj Bandung 6.4.1.2 isolated in 2009 from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) rhizosphere in Lembang, Bandung, West Java, was capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing tricalcium-phosphate, and producing phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). The study aimed to modify the multifunctions of Azos-pirillum sp. for better capability of fixing N2, solubilizing P, and producing IAA using ethyl methanesulfonate and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (EMS) mutagen. The study was conducted at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) in 2010. The results showed that this strain was genetically mutagenized using EMS for better performance in solubilizing P, fixing N2 (nitrogenase activity), and producing phytohormone (IAA). The optimum concentration and the length of incubation time for the process have been determined. Nine selected mutants with increasing capability to solubilize P (determined by clear-zone formation on Pikovskaya’s medium) have been characterized for nitrogenase activities and IAA production compared to wild type Aj Bandung 6.4.1.2. The effect of mutagenesis on IAA produc-tion and nitrogenase activities varied among the mutans. Two mutants, AzM 3.7.1.16 and AzM 1.7.2.12, showed superiority in the production of IAA, while two mutants, AzM 1.5.1.14 and AzM 3.7.1.15, were superior in nitrogenase activities. The EMS mutagenesis of Azospirillum sp. showed enhanced dissolving capa-bility of unsoluble phosphate (tricalciumphosphate) and increased IAA production and nitrogenase activity. <br /><br />
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR BEAN PHYSICAL QUALITY CHARACTERS AND CLUSTERIZATIONS OF ELEVEN GENOTYPES OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Rubiyo Rubiyo , Wardiana Edi 
Published: August 2016

The genetic parameters of coffee related to their bean physical quality characters are important for breeder to improve the bean quality. Eleven genotypes of robusta coffee were identified and their genetic relationship to the bean physical quality were characterized. The research was conducted at coffee plantation of the Association of Indonesian Coffee Exporters in West Lampung, altitude of 800 m above sea level, Latosol type of soil, and A type of climate, starting from 2010 to 2012. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance of the bean physical quality characters, and clusterization analysis of eleven genotypes of robusta coffee. A randomized complete block design with eleven treatments of coffee genotypes and three replications was used in this study. The results showed that the estimated values of genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance for small-size normal bean characters of robusta coffee were very high, so the genetic improvement for these characters has a high probability of success by direct selection. Clusterization of the genotypes resulted three clusters with their respective characteristics. The study implies that future breeding program especially for hybridization should be conducted between genotypes arising from different clusters to obtain the possible high heterosis effects.<br /><br />
EFFECTS OF AMELIORANT COMPOSITIONS ON NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND UPTAKE BY SWEET CORN IN DEGRADED PEATLAND
Authors: Maftu’ah Eni , Ma'as Azwar , Purwanto Benito Heru 
Published: August 2016

Peat soil is characterized by poor nitrogen (N) availability. Ameliorants are expected to rectify this problem. This research aimed to study the effect of ameliorant on N availability and N uptake by sweet corn plant in degraded peatland. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse in May-July 2011 and on peatland of Kalampangan Village, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan in September-December 2011. Burnt peat soil of Kalampangan was used in the greenhouse experiment and sweet corn was used as an indicator plant. The treatments consisted of two factors, i.e. compositions of ameliorants by weight (A1 = 80% chicken manure + 20% dolomite; A2 = 80% local farm weed + 20% dolomite; A3 = 80% mineral soil + 20% dolomite; A4 = 20% chicken manure + 20% local farm weed + 20% residue of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) + 20% mineral soil + 20% dolomite; and A5 = 19% chicken manure + 71.5% mineral soil + 9.5% dolomite) and rates of those ameliorants (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 t ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Data were collected every two weeks for five times. Observations were made on soil pH, available N (NH4+, NO3-), plant height, and N uptake in root and shoot. The results showed that treatment A1 increased soil pH and availability of NH4+ and NO3- in peat soils at the maximum vegetative stage. Treatment A1 provided the highest N availability and N uptake by the plant. Field experiment showed that N uptake increased with the plant yield. Optimum yield of fresh corn cob was obtained from treatment A1 at the rate of 20 t ha-1. This research reconfirms the effectiveness of chicken manure and dolomite as peat soil ameliorant.
STUDY OF MILLING PROCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON VITAMIN B1 AND FOLIC ACID CONTENTS ON LOWLAND RICE PROMISING LINES
Authors: Indrasari Siti Dewi , Ardhiyanti Shinta Dewi , Abdullah Buang 
Published: August 2016

Rice is an important source of vitamin B1 and folic acid, but cultivated rice cultivars contain low of these nutrient. Breeding program had been conducted and several advanced lines with a high vitamin B and folic acid contents were found. This research aimed to study the contents of vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice of fifteen promising lowland rice lines. Dried paddy (14% moisture content) were husked in the mini husker (Satake THU 35A) to obtain brown rice and milled rice by using abrasive-type mini polisher (Satake TM-05, 1,450 RPM for 2 minutes). Vitamin B1 and folic acid in the brown rice and milled rice were determined by using HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector for vitamin B1 and UV detector for folic acid. Four out of fifteen rice lines studied showed a unique characteristic of vitamin B1 content in the brown rice and milled rice. Rice lines which have highest vitamin B1 in the brown rice were B10267-4-PN-6-2-3-2-2-2-3-3-2 (3.03 mg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (2.13 mg 100 g-1), B10531E-KN-1-2-PN-1-4-2 (1.33 mg 100 g-1) and B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1). However after milling, 43-92% of their vitamin B1 were lost; the least loss was observed in B12411E-RS*-1-2-1 (1.21 mg 100 g-1) which was only 4%. Three out of fifteen rice lines studied has highest folic acid in brown rice, i.e. BP400G-PN-12-3-6 (158.5 µg 100 g-1), B10876H-MR-2 (152.0 µg 100 g-1), and B11742-RS*-2-3-MR-5-5-1-Si-1-3 (100.0 µg 100 g-1). After milling the line B10876H-MR-2 had the highest folic acid content (52.0 µg 100 g-1), much higher than that of Ciherang variety as a control. This study indicates the importance of having a suitable milling instrument to minimize loss of vitamin B1 and folic acid. The study also suggests the importance of creating new rice cultivars that have high nutrient and resistant to milling process.
Impact of civil servant salaries on the performance of local public administration in Kosovo
Authors: Ismajli Mr.Sc. Naim , Qosja Dr.Sc. Ermira 
Published: August 2016

Motivation is defined as the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the ability of these efforts to satisfy some individual needs (Robbis / De Cenze p, 407). As motivating factors are: wage increase in career, workplace safety, work contracts, working conditions, organizational culture, leadership in working organizations, the level of responsibility at work and rewards. All these factors have different scale in motivating employee performance. Based on the theory of many authors in the field of Human Resources, presented in scientific literature, scientific journal articles, reports of international institutions (UNDP, World Bank, Human rights etc.)that explore human resources comes the conclusion that the salary is one of the most important motivating factors for employee performance level.Main problem treated in this research is the salary; salary level, its structure, the methodology of determining the current legal framework does not provide a realistic reflection based on needs and performance-oriented employees, so as it is does not motivates either increase public service quality.This work reflects over presented theoretical part from literature, scientific articles, as well from own experience and the main conclusion is that wage is motivating factors in the performance of civil servants in the public administration in local level.Research questions are; which is unsatisfactory levelwithin worker's salary?, What is the salary structure?, What is actual legal framework?, Is it wage rate based on performance or work time?For this research will be used combined methodology; first collection of the primary, secondary data, and interviews, with the objective to draw scientific conclusions of this research.The purpose of this research is to come out with recommendations for institutions to develop policies, local government, human resource managers, executives managers at all levels, but also for its employees to develop policies, to build structures and apply procedures who will enable management technology to increase the salary management system as a key influential factors for high performance level within public sector in Kosovo.
NATO Intervention in Kosovo in light of Security Council Actions and International Law
Authors: Salihu MA. Arben 
Published: August 2016

The horrors of World War Two made it universally clear that the world cannot progress without general respect for human rights. Still, the need for humanitarian intervention arose several times before 1999, but international political and military organisations including the UN, were either late or hesitant to prevent genocides or other related human catastrophes worldwide. The NATO intervention in Kosovo, however, marked the beginning of the new era in international relations. The facet of this intervention in view of legality is the topic of this paper. The aim of this study, above all, is to analyze the Security Council actions, debates and resolutions concerning situation in Kosovo, and the level of impact that the military operation had in international law (in particular) and international relations (in general). The study uses many authentic documents issued by the United Nations Security Council itself and other material related to the theme in order to develop an argument on the points raised. Throughout, this research paper has attempted to answer numerous issues related to the topic and offer a balanced view on the all the themes examined. Several but distinct points raised focus on relevant core subjects, discuss the challenges and opportunities of the humanitarian intervention and offer recommendations regarding the future of such operation for the well being of the humanity.
The Development of Broadband in Kosovo and its Importance for the Economy
Authors: Pula Dr.Sc. Justina , Haxhimusa MSc. Adhurim 
Published: August 2016

The better functioning of economy depends on the availability and quality of public services such as: outstanding education system, well-functioning health system, very good transportation system and other public services as well. The 21th century is seen as the century of information and communication technology. In this way the local and central governments have seen that the broadband is important like other public services. The purpose of this paper is the identification of the importance and the impacts of broadband on the development of the economy and the society. For this purpose we have surveyed in depth different theoretical and empirical literature. The literature shows that government intervention is necessary not only in the regulation of the market but also in providing broadband services and increasing the demand for these services, which in turn would enable the development of the broadband market at the same pace like other EU member states. In the last part of this paper we will show that the development of the broadband market requires a more active role of the government in the development of broadband by increasing the demand and the supply for broadband services. Regardless the fact that ARKEP is working on increasing the development level of the broadband, we will show that the existence of a well-designed governmental plan would make it possible to achieve the goal of an information society.
La gestión de calidad como innovación organizacional para la productividad en la empresa
Authors: Arraut Camargo Luis Carlos 
Published: August 2016

El presente artículo desarrolla un tema de interés para académicos y empresarios como es el de la innovación. El tema central es la innovación de tipo organizacional a partir de los sistemas de calidad y su efecto en la productividad y competitividad de las empresas.
La metodología utilizada es de múltiples casos explicativos tomando como unidad de análisis el sector petroquímico-plástico de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias. Las principales conclusiones que aquí se presentan, demuestran primero la importancia de un fenómeno organizacional como es la innovación organizacional y cómo un grupo de empresas manufactureras de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, desarrollan este tipo de innovación a partir de sus sistemas de calidad ISO con un efecto positivo en la productividad de las mismas.
Este artículo es producto del trabajo doctoral del autor sobre la innovación de tipo organizacional en el sector petroquímico-plástico de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias.
Anchieta: Uma Imagem a Serviço de Vários Altares
Authors: Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann , Kasper Rafael 
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa as representações do missionário José de Anchieta veiculadas através dos discursos e conferências – reunidos na Coletânea Anchietana –, com o objetivo de desvendar a apropriação que delas foi feita por ocasião da instituição do Dia de Anchieta em 1965. Ao apresentar o jesuíta Anchieta como precursor da nacionalidade brasileira, como guardião da moral e exemplo de santidade, intelectuais brasileiros e estrangeiros, autoridades civis e militares e representantes da Igreja Católica evidenciam não apenas as condutas consideradas fundamentais para a sociedade brasileira naquele momento político, como justificam e evocam a retomada do processo de beatificação do missionário jesuíta.
Do fazer-se professor: autodidatismo e docência na experiência de Rocha Pombo
Authors: Silva Alexandra Lima da 
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de fazer-se professor na experiência de Rocha Pombo. Nascido em 1857, na cidade de Morretes, estado do Paraná, José Francisco da Rocha Pombo, ainda muito jovem, ingressou no magistério das primeiras letras e no exercício da escrita em periódicos, publicando artigos relacionados à instrução. Foi poeta, historiador, professor da Escola Normal, membro do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico e jornalista e autor de livros didáticos. O presente trabalho procura explorar os significados do autodidatismo na formação de um professor entre finais do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX.Palavras-chave: Fazer-se; Rocha Pombo; experiência.
Increased count of <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> in the feces of palmar arsenical keratosis patient
Authors: Ahmad Md. Ashraf , Misbahuddin Mir , Ahmed Sharmeen 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Abstract">Chronic exposure to high concentration of arsenic caused an increase in the colony count of <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> in the feces in comparison to healthy volunteer (3.6 × 10¹¹ ± 1.9 vs 1.5 × 10¹¹ ± 1.7 CFU/g of feces) which was not statistically significant. But significant increase in the colony count of <em>B. fragilis</em> was seen in the feces of palmar arsenical keratosis patient (4.2 × 10¹¹ ± 1.9 CFU/g of feces; p=0.0390). Supplementation with probiotic for 12 weeks decreased the colony counts in all three groups which were not statistically significant among the groups. Probiotics decreased the amount of arsenic in the nail of all the three groups significantly.</p><p> </p>
WHERE STARS FORM: INSIDE-OUT GROWTH AND COHERENT STAR FORMATION FROM HST Hα MAPS OF 3200 GALAXIES ACROSS THE MAIN SEQUENCE AT 0.7 < z < 1.5
Authors: Nelson Erica June , van Dokkum Pieter G. , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Franx Marijn , Brammer Gabriel B. , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Wuyts Stijn , Whitaker Katherine E. , Skelton Rosalind E. , Fumagalli Mattia , Hayward Christopher C. , Kriek Mariska , Labbé Ivo , Leja Joel , Rix Hans-Walter , Tacconi Linda J. , Wel Arjen van der , Bosch Frank C. van den , Oesch Pascal A. , Dickey Claire , Lange Johannes Ulf 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present Hα maps at 1 kpc spatial resolution for star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1, made possible by the Wide Field Camera 3 grism on Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Employing this capability over all five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields provides a sample of 3200 galaxies enabling a division into subsamples based on stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR). By creating deep stacked Hα images, we reach surface brightness limits of 1 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, allowing us to map the distribution of ionized gas to ∼10 kpc for typical L* galaxies at this epoch. We find that the spatial extent of the Hα distribution increases with stellar mass as

kpc. The Hα emission is more extended than the stellar continuum emission, consistent with inside-out assembly of galactic disks. This effect grows stronger with mass as

. We map the Hα distribution as a function of SFR(IR+UV) and find evidence for “coherent star formation” across the SFR–M
* plane: above the main sequence (MS), Hα is enhanced at all radii; below the MS, Hα is depressed at all radii. This suggests that at all masses the physical processes driving the enhancement or suppression of star formation act throughout the disks of galaxies. At high masses (

), above the MS, Hα is particularly enhanced in the center, potentially building bulges and/or supermassive black holes. Below the MS, a strong central dip in the EW(Hα), as well as the inferred specific SFR, appears. Importantly, though, across the entirety of the SFR–M
* plane, the absolute SFR as traced by Hα is always centrally peaked, even in galaxies below the MS.
IN SITU AND EX SITU FORMATION MODELS OF KEPLER 11 PLANETS
Authors: D’Angelo Gennaro , Bodenheimer Peter 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present formation simulations of the six Kepler 11 planets. Models assume either in situ or ex situ assembly, the latter with migration, and are evolved to the estimated age of the system,

. Models combine detailed calculations of both the gaseous envelope and the condensed core structures, including accretion of gas and solids, of the disk’s viscous and thermal evolution, including photo-evaporation and disk-planet interactions, and of the planet’s evaporative mass loss after disk dispersal. Planet–planet interactions are neglected. Both sets of simulations successfully reproduce measured radii, masses, and orbital distances of the planets, except for the radius of Kepler 11b, which loses its entire gaseous envelope shortly after formation. Gaseous (H+He) envelopes account for

% of the planet masses, and between

and

% of the planet radii. In situ models predict a very massive inner disk, whose solid surface density (

) varies from over 104 to

at stellocentric distances

. Initial gas densities would be in excess of

if solids formed locally. Given the high disk temperatures (

), planetary interiors can only be composed of metals and highly refractory materials. Sequestration of hydrogen by the core and subsequent outgassing is required to account for the observed radius of Kepler 11b. Ex situ models predict a relatively low-mass disk, whose initial

varies from

to

at

and whose initial gas density ranges from

to

. All planetary interiors are expected to be rich in H2O, as core assembly mostly occurs exterior to the ice condensation front. Kepler 11b is expected to have a steam atmosphere, and H2O is likely mixed with H+He in the envelopes of the other planets. Results indicate that Kepler 11g may not be more massive than Kepler 11e.
PROBING THE ENVIRONMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE TRANSIENT SOURCES WITH TeV AFTERGLOW EMISSION
Authors: Zhu Qin-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory detected gravitational-wave (GW) transients from mergers of binary black holes (BHs). The system may also produce a wide-angle, relativistic outflow if the claimed short gamma-ray burst detected by GBM is in real association with GW150914. It was suggested that mergers of double neutron stars (or neutron star-black hole binaries), another promising source of GW transients, also produce fast, wide-angle outflows. In this paper, we calculate the high-energy gamma-ray emission arising from the blast waves driven by these wide-angle outflows. We find that TeV emission arising from the inverse-Compton process in the relativistic outflow, originating from mergers of binary BHs that are similar to those in GW150914, could be detectable by ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) if the sources occur in a dense medium with a density of

n
≳
0.3

cm

−
3

. For neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) and NS–BH mergers, TeV emission from the wide-angle, mildly relativistic outflow could be detected as well, if it occurs in a dense medium with

n
≳
10
–
100

cm

−
3

. Thus, TeV afterglow emission could be a useful probe of the environment of the GW transients, which could shed light on the evolution channels of the progenitors of GW transients.
Le vote de la diaspora en Afrique du Sud
Authors: Wellman Elizabeth Iams 
Published: August 2016

Cet article analyse l’histoire complexe de la participation de la diaspora sud-africaine aux élections du pays d’origine depuis l’abolition du régime d’apartheid. Après avoir permis le vote à l’étranger lors de l’élection historique de 1994, le gouvernement sud-africain a aboli cette mesure jusqu’à ce qu’une décision de la Cour constitutionnelle de 2009 l’autorise à nouveau. L’auteure invite tout d’abord à porter une plus grande attention à la nature du processus d’adoption du vote à distance. Le cas de l’Afrique du Sud montre que la perception que les partis politiques ont de la diaspora exerce une influence déterminante sur l’adoption et la mise en œuvre du vote à l’étranger. Ainsi, l’article place les partis politiques au centre de l’analyse de la généralisation du vote des diasporas depuis le début des années 1990.
Sénégal, la diaspora fait-elle l’élection ?
Authors: Smith Étienne 
Published: August 2016

Depuis 1992, le Sénégal a acquis une longue expérience du vote de ses ressortissants à l’étranger. Ce texte étudie la genèse de l’électorat externe, notamment la construction d’un corps électoral externe le plus représentatif possible. Puis, il propose de nuancer l’idée reçue selon laquelle la diaspora « fait » l’élection, sans exclure cependant les effets de cette croyance partagée sur les stratégies d’acteurs. L’impact de la diaspora sur l’élection est finalement plus symbolique que quantitatif.