bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution by vertebrates to seed dispersal effectiveness in the Galápagos Islands: a community‐wide approach
Authors: Nogales M. , González‐Castro A. , Rumeu B. , Traveset A. , Vargas P. , Jaramillo P. , Olesen J. M. , Heleno R. H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSeed dispersal and seedling recruitment are crucial phases in the life cycle of all spermatophyte plants. The net contribution of seed dispersers to plant establishment is known as seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) and is defined as the product of a quantitative (number of seeds dispersed) and a qualitative (probability of recruitment) component. In Galápagos, we studied the direct contribution toSDE(number of seeds dispersed and effect on seedling emergence) provided by the five island groups of frugivores (giant tortoises, lizards, medium‐sized passerine birds, small non‐finch passerine birds, and finches) in the two main habitats in this archipelago: the lowland and the highland zones, and found 16 vertebrate species dispersing 58 plant species. Data on frequency of occurrence of seeds in droppings and number of seeds dispersed per unit area produced contrasting patterns of seed dispersal. Based on the former, giant tortoises and medium‐sized passerines were the most important seed dispersers. However, based on the latter, small non‐finch passerines were the most important dispersers, followed by finches and medium‐sized passerines. The effect of disperser gut passage on seedling emergence varied greatly depending on both the disperser and the plant species. Although the contribution toSDEprovided by different disperser guilds changed across plant species, medium‐sized passerines (e.g., mockingbirds) provided a higher contribution toSDEthan lava lizards in 10 out of 16 plant species analysed, whereas lava lizards provided a higher contribution toSDEthan birds in five plant species. While both the quantitative and qualitative components addressed are important, our data suggests that the former is a better predictor ofSDEin the Galápagos archipelago.
How consistent are we? Interlaboratory comparison study in fathead minnows using the model estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol to develop recommendations for environmental transcriptomics
Authors: Feswick April , Isaacs Meghan , Biales Adam , Flick Robert W. , Bencic David C. , Wang Rong-Lin , Vulpe Chris , Brown-Augustine Marianna , Loguinov Alex , Falciani Francesco , Antczak Philipp , Herbert John , Brown Lorraine , Denslow Nancy D. , Kroll Kevin J. , Lavelle Candice , Dang Viet , Escalon Lynn , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Munkittrick Kelly R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Fundamental questions remain about the application of omics in environmental risk assessments, such as the consistency of data across laboratories. The objective of the present study was to determine the congruence of transcript data across 6 independent laboratories. Male fathead minnows were exposed to a measured concentration of 15.8 ng/L 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) for 96 h. Livers were divided equally and sent to the participating laboratories for transcriptomic analysis using the same fathead minnow microarray. Each laboratory was free to apply bioinformatics pipelines of its choice. There were 12 491 transcripts that were identified by one or more of the laboratories as responsive to EE2. Of these, 587 transcripts (4.7%) were detected by all laboratories. Mean overlap for differentially expressed genes among laboratories was approximately 50%, which improved to approximately 59.0% using a standardized analysis pipeline. The dynamic range of fold change estimates was variable between laboratories, but ranking transcripts by their relative fold difference resulted in a positive relationship for comparisons between any 2 laboratories (mean R2 &gt; 0.9, p &lt; 0.001). Ten estrogen-responsive genes encompassing a fold change range from dramatic (&gt;20-fold; e.g., vitellogenin) to subtle (∼2-fold; i.e., block of proliferation 1) were identified as differentially expressed, suggesting that laboratories can consistently identify transcripts that are known a priori to be perturbed by a chemical stressor. Thus, attention should turn toward identifying core transcriptional networks using focused arrays for specific chemicals. In addition, agreed-on bioinformatics pipelines and the ranking of genes based on fold change (as opposed to p value) should be considered in environmental risk assessment. These recommendations are expected to improve comparisons across laboratories and advance the use of omics in regulations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2593–2601. © 2017 SETAC
Predicting herbicide mixture effects on multiple algal species using mixture toxicity models
Authors: Nagai Takashi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The validity of the application of mixture toxicity models, concentration addition and independent action, to a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) for calculation of a multisubstance potentially affected fraction was examined in laboratory experiments. Toxicity assays of herbicide mixtures using 5 species of periphytic algae were conducted. Two mixture experiments were designed: a mixture of 5 herbicides with similar modes of action and a mixture of 5 herbicides with dissimilar modes of action, corresponding to the assumptions of the concentration addition and independent action models, respectively. Experimentally obtained mixture effects on 5 algal species were converted to the fraction of affected (&gt;50% effect on growth rate) species. The predictive ability of the concentration addition and independent action models with direct application to SSD depended on the mode of action of chemicals. That is, prediction was better for the concentration addition model than the independent action model for the mixture of herbicides with similar modes of action. In contrast, prediction was better for the independent action model than the concentration addition model for the mixture of herbicides with dissimilar modes of action. Thus, the concentration addition and independent action models could be applied to SSD in the same manner as for a single-species effect. The present study to validate the application of the concentration addition and independent action models to SSD supports the usefulness of the multisubstance potentially affected fraction as the index of ecological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2624–2630. © 2017 SETAC
On stabilized space‐time FEM for anisotropic meshes: Incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and applications to blood flow in medical devices
Authors: Pauli L. , Behr M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn complex applications, such as the analysis of hydraulic performance of blood pumps (ventricular assist devices), the Navier–Stokes equations have to be discretized on very anisotropic meshes. If stabilized finite element formulations are applied, standard definitions of the stabilization parameter are usually not appropriate to handle elements with a high aspect ratio. If, in addition, rotating objects, moving meshes, or turbulence has to be considered in the simulation, further modifications of the stabilization procedure have to be applied.In this paper, we present stabilized space‐time finite element formulations of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations that show very good convergence properties on complex anisotropic meshes and lead to reasonable numerical accuracy in complex flows when compared with experimental data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Home‐based preparation approaches altered the availability of health beneficial components from carrot and blueberry
Authors: Gao Boyan , Yu Lu , Liu Jie , Wang Thomas T. Y. , Luo Yinghua , Yu Liangli (Lucy) , Zhang Huijuan , Gong Lingxiao , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different home food preparation methods on availability of total phenolic contents (TPC) and radical scavenging components, as well as the selected health beneficial compounds from fresh blueberry and carrot. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that ground carrots using blenders released significantly greater amount of β‐carotene than their chopped counterpart, and blueberry samples prepared with different commercial blenders/grinders released different levels of cyaniding‐3‐O‐glucoside and malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside. Furthermore, microwaving was able to significantly alter the releasable amounts of cyaniding‐3‐O‐glucoside and malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside from blueberries. In addition, carrots and blueberries processed using different blenders and chopping with or without microwaving differed in their available levels of TPC, and radical scavenging components against DPPH•, oxygen radicals and HO•, as well as their potential anti‐inflammatory activities. Taking together, these results indicated that home food preparation approaches may alter the availability of health components from carrots and blueberries. The results also suggested that the influence may depend on the fruit and vegetable type, but not the price of blenders/grinders.
Testing the “Boundaries” of boundary extension: Anticipatory scene representation across development and disorder
Authors: Spanò G. , Intraub H. , Edgin J. O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that Boundary Extension (BE), a scene construction error, may be linked to the function of the hippocampus. In this study, we tested BE in two groups with variations in hippocampal development and disorder: a typically developing sample ranging from preschool to adolescence and individuals with Down syndrome. We assessed BE across three different test modalities: drawing, visual recognition, and a 3D scene boundary reconstruction task. Despite confirmed fluctuations in memory function measured through a neuropsychological assessment, the results showed consistent BE in all groups across test modalities, confirming the near universal nature of BE. These results indicate that BE is an essential function driven by a complex set of processes, that occur even in the face of delayed memory development and hippocampal dysfunction in special populations.
Understanding the dynamics and contamination of an urban aquifer system using groundwater age (14C, 3H, CFCs) and chemistry
Authors: Mahlknecht Jürgen , Hernández‐Antonio Arturo , Eastoe Christopher J. , Tamez‐Meléndez Carol , Ledesma‐Ruiz Rogelio , Ramos‐Leal José A. , Ornelas‐Soto Nancy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe quality of the groundwater supplying drinking water to the Guadalajara metropolitan area has deteriorated due to both endogenic and exogenic processes. Previous studies of this complex neotectonic volcanic environment suggest that the sources of contamination here are underground fluids derived from an active volcanic center and surface wastewater derived from regional land‐use intensification. This study uses isotopic, gaseous, and chemical signatures to more comprehensively characterize this groundwater flow and its contamination paths. Groundwater is mainly recharged at the La Primavera Caldera to the west and is discharged into the Santiago River to the east. The exception to this trend is the Toluquilla area, where groundwater most likely represents rainfall originating from outside the basin limits. Evaporation affects groundwater in these areas, especially waters that have been affected by recycling below urban areas in the Atejamac area and by intensive agricultural activity in the Toluquilla area. Additionally, we present evidence that groundwater flow through alluvial sediments and tuffs in deeper wells mixes with a lower aquifer unit in basaltic‐andesitic rocks, which are in contact with hydrothermal fluids. Groundwater ages range from postbomb in the western and northwestern regions of the study area (i.e., the Atemajac aquifer unit) to Late Pleistocene in the southern and southeastern regions (i.e., the Toluquilla aquifer unit). Recently recharged water records little mixing and is located mostly in or near the La Primavera volcanic system. As groundwater undergoes gravitational flow towards discharge areas, it mixes with older water components. Chloride and sodium concentrations above natural background levels are primarily related to volcanic activity, nitrate is associated with human activities, and sulfate originates from both anthropogenic sources and water–rock interactions. Nitrate originating from land‐use activities (such as sewers, septic tanks, landfills, and agricultural fields) that is introduced into the deeper part of the groundwater system is expected to travel with the groundwater to the discharge areas because oxidizing conditions will prevent microbial reduction.See Supplementary Information.
More for less: Analysis of the performance of avian acute oral guideline OECD 223 from empirical data
Authors: Edwards Peter J , Leopold Annegaaike , Beavers Joann B , Springer Timothy A , Chapman Peter , Maynard Samuel K , Hubbard Patrick 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Since the publication of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) avian acute oral guideline, OECD 223, empirical data have become available to compare the performance of OECD 223 with statistical simulations used to validate this guideline and with empirical data for US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (USEPA OCSPP) guideline OCSPP 850.2100. Empirical studies comprised 244 for Northern bobwhite, of which 73 were dose–response tests and 171 were limit tests. Of the dose–response tests, 26 were conducted to OECD 223 (using 3–4 stages) and 33 to OCSPP 850.2100 (using the single 50-bird design). Data were collected from 5 avian testing laboratories from studies performed between 2006 and 2013. The success with which the LD50 and slope could be determined was 100% and 96% for OECD 223 (mean 26 birds per test) and 100% and 51% for OCSPP 850.2100 (mean 50 birds per test). This was consistent with the statistical simulations. Control mortality across all species and designs amounted to 0.26% (n = 2655) with only single mortalities occurring in any 1 study and &lt;1% for any 1 species. The simulations used to validate the OECD 223 design showed that control mortality up to 1% will have no observable impact on the performance. The distribution of time to death for Northern bobwhite, zebra finch, and canary were obtained from 90, 29, and 17 studies, and mortalities appeared within 3 d for 71%, 95%, and 91% of birds tested, respectively. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:906–914. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points
Empirical data for OECD 223 are consistent with OECD Validation Report 131. The LD50 and slope delivered 100% and 96% of time with 24 birds in test. No impact of low control and delayed mortality on estimates of LD50 and slope. Fifty percent fewer birds required to estimate acute toxicity with OECD 223 than with OCSPP 850.2100.
Identification of Hip BMD Loss and Fracture Risk Markers Through Population-Based Serum Proteomics
Authors: Nielson Carrie M , Wiedrick Jack , Shen Jian , Jacobs Jon , Baker Erin S , Baraff Aaron , Piehowski Paul , Lee Christine G , Baratt Arie , Petyuk Vladislav , McWeeney Shannon , Lim Jeong Youn , Bauer Douglas C , Lane Nancy E , Cawthon Peggy M , Smith Richard D , Lapidus Jodi , Orwoll Eric S ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Serum proteomics analysis may lead to the discovery of novel osteoporosis biomarkers. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study comprises men ≥65 years old in the US who have had repeated BMD measures and have been followed for incident fracture. High-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on baseline fasting serum samples from non-Hispanic white men using a multidimensional approach coupling liquid chromatography, ion-mobility separation, and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS). We followed the participants for a mean of 4.6 years for changes in femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and for incident hip fracture. Change in BMD was determined from mixed effects regression models taking age and weight into account. Participants were categorized into three groups: BMD maintenance (no decline; estimated change ≥0 g/cm2, n = 453); expected loss (estimated change 0 to 1 SD below the estimated mean change, –0.034 g/cm2 for femoral neck, n = 1184); and accelerated loss (estimated change ≥1 SD below mean change, n = 237). Differential abundance values of 3946 peptides were summarized by meta-analysis to determine differential abundance of each of 339 corresponding proteins for accelerated BMD loss versus maintenance. Using this meta-analytic standardized fold change at cutoffs of ≥1.1 or ≤0.9 (p &lt; 0.10), 20 proteins were associated with accelerated BMD loss. Associations of those 20 proteins with incident hip fracture were tested using Cox proportional hazards models with age and BMI adjustment in 2473 men. Five proteins were associated with incident hip fracture (HR between 1.29 and 1.41 per SD increase in estimated protein abundance). Some proteins have been previously associated with fracture risk (eg, CD14 and SHBG), whereas others have roles in cellular senescence and aging (B2MG and TIMP1) and complement activation and innate immunity (CO7, CO9, CFAD). These findings may inform development of biomarkers for future research in bone biology and fracture prediction. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Applied Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Combination With Biomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ardeshirylajimi Abdolreza 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDue to increasing of the orthopedic lesions and fractures in the world and limitation of current treatment methods, researchers, and surgeons paid attention to the new treatment ways especially to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Innovation in stem cells and biomaterials accelerate during the last decade as two main important parts of the tissue engineering. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) introduced as cells with highly proliferation and differentiation potentials that hold great promising features for used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As another main part of tissue engineering, synthetic, and natural polymers have been shown daily grow up in number to increase and improve the grade of biopolymers that could be used as scaffold with or without stem cells for implantation. One of the developed areas of tissue engineering is bone tissue engineering; the aim of this review is present studies were done in the field of bone tissue engineering while used iPSCs in combination with natural and synthetic biomaterials. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3034–3042, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When Emotional Pain Becomes Physical: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Pain, and the Role of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Sachs‐Ericsson Natalie J. , Sheffler Julia L. , Stanley Ian H. , Piazza Jennifer R. , Preacher Kristopher J. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveWe examined the association between retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and painful medical conditions. We also examined the mediating and moderating roles of mood and anxiety disorders in the ACEs–painful medical conditions relationship.MethodTen‐year longitudinal data were obtained from the National Comorbidity Surveys (NCS‐1, NCS‐2;N= 5001). The NCS‐1 obtained reports of ACEs, current health conditions, current pain severity, and mood and anxiety disorders. The NCS‐2 assessed for painful medical conditions (e.g., arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back/neck problems, severe headaches, other chronic pain).ResultsSpecific ACEs (e.g., verbal and sexual abuse, parental psychopathology, and early parental loss) were associated with the painful medical conditions. Baseline measures of depression, bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were also associated with the number of painful medical conditions. Anxiety and mood disorders were found to partially mediate the ACEs–painful medical conditions relationship. We determined through mediation analyses that ACEs were linked to an increase in anxiety and mood disorders, which, in turn, were associated with an increase in the number of painful medical conditions. We determined through moderation analyses that ACEs had an effect on increasing the painful medical conditions at both high and low levels of anxiety and mood disorders; though, surprisingly, the effect was greater among participants at lower levels of mood and anxiety disorders.ConclusionThere are pernicious effects of ACEs across mental and physical domains. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal stress response and the theory of reserve capacity are reviewed to integrate our findings of the complex relationships.
Changes in body composition and metabolic profile during interleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tournadre Anne , Pereira Bruno , Dutheil Fréderic , Giraud Charlotte , Courteix Daniel , Sapin Vincent , Frayssac Thomas , Mathieu Sylvain , Malochet‐Guinamand Sandrine , Soubrier Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by increased mortality associated with cardiometabolic disorders including dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and cachectic obesity. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin 6 receptor blocker licensed for the treatment of RA decrease inflammation and could thus improve cardiovascular risk, but their effects on body composition and metabolic profile need to be clarified. We investigated the effects of tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti‐interleukin 6 receptor antibody, on body composition and metabolic profile in patients treated for RA.MethodsTwenty‐one active RA patients treated with TCZ were included in a 1 year open follow‐up study. Waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, serum levels of adipokines and pancreatic/gastrointestinal hormones, and body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 months of treatment. At baseline, RA patients were compared with 21 non‐RA controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome.ResultsCompared with controls, body composition was altered in RA with a decrease in total and appendicular lean mass, whereas fat composition was not modified. Among RA patients, 28.6% had a skeletal muscle mass index below the cut‐off point for sarcopaenia (4.8% of controls). After 1 year of treatment with TCZ, there was a significant weight gain without changes for fat mass. In contrast, an increase in lean mass was observed with a significant gain in appendicular lean mass and skeletal muscle mass index between 6 and 12 months. Distribution of the fat was modified with a decrease in trunk/peripheral fat ratio and an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue. No changes for waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and atherogenic index were observed.ConclusionsDespite weight gain during treatment with TCZ, no increase in fat but a modification in fat distribution was observed. In contrast, muscle gain suggests that blocking IL‐6 might be efficient in treating sarcopaenia associated with RA.