bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity in the emotional modulation of pain perception: An account of individual variability
Authors: McIver T.A. , Kornelsen J. , Stroman P.W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile emotional state has been shown to modulate pain perception, there has been little consideration for the individual variability in this effect, or what factors may contribute to individual‐level differences. The objective of this study was to characterize the variability in emotional modulation of pain in a healthy sample.MethodsTwenty‐five healthy, adult females participated in a heat pain‐rating task. After calibration of the appropriate temperature for each participant, the pain‐rating task was combined with viewing of positive, neutral, or negative valence images. Participants rated pain intensity and unpleasantness of the painful stimulus.ResultsThe magnitude of the effect for emotional modulation of pain was markedly variable across individuals. Some participants exhibited greater pain relief from the positive emotional stimuli while others were more susceptible to pain amplification from the negative emotional stimuli. There were also significant correlations between emotional modulation of pain and specific psychological measures (depression and anxiety).ConclusionOverall, inducing a positive emotional state mitigates pain perception, while negative emotional state amplifies it. The magnitudes of these separate pain‐modulating effects, however, vary across individuals, and are associated with individual levels of depressive and anxious feelings, even within a non‐clinical population.SignificanceThe opposite effects of valence on pain amplification and modulation revealed in this study are novel. This study shows that emotional modulation of pain varies markedly across individuals and is related to psychological factors including depression and anxiety. Examining this link in healthy individuals may inform our understanding of the comorbidity between pain and depression/anxiety.
Facile Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide/Gold Nanocomposites for Nonenzymatic Amperometric Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Bai Hongyan , Zhang Liqiu , Shen Hongxia , Liu Lichun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, a facile preparation method of cuprous oxide/gold (Cu2O/Au) nanocomposite was successfully developed. The process consisted of one‐pot co‐reduction of HAuCl4 and CuSO4 using ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent at room temperature under magnetic stirring. The structures and compositions of the as‐prepared products were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry studies revealed that the as‐prepared cubic Cu2O/Au nanocomposites showed enhanced performance towards the non‐enzymatic catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when compared to single‐component Cu2O nanocubes. The linear range of H2O2 determination spanned over 4 orders of magnitude (1 μM∼16.7 mM) and the detection limit was low as 0.45 μM (S/N=3). The enhanced performance of cubic Cu2O/Au was attributed to: i) the synergistic effect between Cu2O and Au, ii) the increase in surface area induced by the reduced size of the nanocubes, and iii) the improved electrical conductivity due to the presence of Au in the particles. Overall, the cubic Cu2O/Au nanocomposites prepared by the proposed method hold great promise for future practical use in H2O2 detection.
Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Pu (III/IV) and (IV/VI) Couples in Nitric Acid Systems
Authors: Lines Amanda M. , Adami Susan R. , Casella Amanda J. , Sinkov Sergey I. , Lumetta Gregg J. , Bryan Samuel A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe solution chemistry of Pu in nitric acid is explored via electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry. By utilizing and comparing these techniques, an improved understanding of Pu behavior and its dependence on nitric acid concentration can be achieved. Here the Pu (III/IV) couple is characterized using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and a spectroelectrochemical Nernst step. Results indicate the formal reduction potential of the couple shifts negative with increasing acid concentration and reversible electrochemistry is no longer attainable above 6 M HNO3. Spectroelectrochemistry is also used to explore the irreversible oxidation of Pu(IV) to Pu(VI) and shine light on the mechanism and acid dependence of the redox reaction.
Fuzzification supported spectrum decision framework for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Akhtar A. N. , Ghafoor A. , Rashdi A. , Arif F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEfficient decision support framework and swift occupation of the available licensed spectrum slot by secondary users (SUs) are the challenging issues in cognitive radio networks. An SU has to sense multiple target frequency spectrum slots in the shortest possible time before deciding to select and occupy the best idle slot for its transmission. A spectrum decision framework for the SUs in cognitive radio networks based on fuzzy logic is proposed. The activity time, possession, and quality of service of the spectrum slot lead to the decision of occupying the available spectrum slot(s). The proposed decision framework ensures that the SU's transmission in the particular spectrum slot does not cause any interference with the licensed user of the slot. The proposed method yields enhanced throughput as compared with the existing channel assignment schemes.
The impact of the system state on energy‐efficient transmission of multiple users' flows on the uplink
Authors: Sagkriotis Stavros E. , Roumeliotis Anargyros J. , Papafragkakis Apostolos Z. , Panagopoulos Athanasios D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work investigates an energy‐efficient link transmission adapted by the system state, ie, the instantaneous total number of a dynamically varying setting of mobile terminals that arrive as independent elastic flows at the Session Layer and are served by Round‐Robin discipline on the uplink. We focus on realistic scenarios of classes of mobile terminals with different constant power profiles and different radio conditions. The analysis shows that state‐dependent link adaptation significantly improves energy efficiency on the long term in comparison to state‐oblivious energy‐efficient link adaptation schemes that have been thoroughly investigated in the literature, offering, at the same time, substantially lower mean latency for transferring files on the uplink. The reason for this important improvement in performance is that the probability of an empty system pool increases faster with the arrival rate under the state‐dependent transmission. Therefore, an active user waiting to be served sees with higher probability no other customers in the queue.
Distributed power control in crowdsensing‐based femtocell networks with QoS provisioning
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Gao Lu , Liu Yang , Ma Kai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe consider mobile crowdsensing campaigns that are practiced in the emerging data collection in femtocell networks, which are effective in improving the capacity and coverage of communication users. One of the challenging issues is how to allocate the transmission power and reduce the cross‐tier and co‐tier interferences among users. This paper proposes a Stackelberg game to characterize the actions of macrocell and femtocell users. In the game, the macrocell user is seen as the leader, whereas the femtocell users are seen as the followers. For the macrocell, it aims at maximizing the leader's profit with the constraint of the maximum tolerable interference. The femtocell users attempt to maximize the followers' profit in the network system with consideration of performance guarantee in the aspects of packet delivery rate and time delay, which are modeled as probability constraints. Spectrum sharing is assumed among the macrocell and femtocells. The uncertain channel state information is considered in the formulated problem, and the probability threshold method is utilized to convert the uncertain constraints into tractable ones. Furthermore, a power control and price bargaining algorithm is derived to get the practical operation. Finally, numerical results validate the performances of the proposed scheme in the aspects of convergence, utility of uses, and power consumption.
Influence on the oil‐gas accumulation potential of the laminated algal micritic dolomite in Jixian system from Mesozoic magmatic activities at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Liu Futian , Li Rongxi , Zhao Bangsheng , Cheng Jinghua , Li Delu , Wu Xiaoli , Li Sanzhong 
Published: September 2017

The Mesoproterozoic Jixian System is widely distributed at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin. It is mainly dominated by siliceous laminated algal micritic dolomite that is a set of potential carbonate source rocks. The magmatic activities at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin were frequent and intensive, and the Tongcheng intrusion exposed in this area has an intrusive contact relationship with the Jixian System. This paper uses geochemical methods to study the influence of magmatism to lithology, physical properties, hydrocarbon generating property, and geochemistry of the Jixian System. Analysis data reveal that, with the increasing distance to the intrusion, the porosity, permeability, and content of dolomite, trace elements, and rare earth elements in surrounding rock decrease while the density and silica content increase gradually. In addition, the parameters have a weakening trend about adsorbed hydrocarbon (S1), pyrolysis hydrocarbon (S2), hydrocarbon generating potential (S1 + S2), and pyrolysis peak temperature (Tmax). The results suggest that the magmatic hydrothermalism and the thermal effect of magmatic intrusion changed the physical and geochemical characteristics of the surrounding rock and promoted the hydrocarbon generation of organic matter. However, these characteristics reflect that the magmatic activities only have a relatively small effect on the laminated algal micritic dolomite in Jixian System without a destructive effect at the south‐western margin of the Ordos Basin. The petroleum potential of the Jixian System is worthy to be further explored.
Urgently Creating the Better in Global Health
Authors: Marlink Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this issue of the Hastings Center Report, Govind Persad and Ezekiel Emanuel argue that “[t]he provision of cheaper, less effective health care is frequently the most effective way of promoting health and realizing the ethical values of utility, equality, and priority to the worst off.” I agree that we should not let the perfect get in the way of the good, but just providing cheaper, less effective treatment for utilitarian or other reasons is not a comprehensive approach to global health. In my experience as an on‐the‐ground global health practitioner, the choice is never that simple. As time passes, dynamics evolve, and so should the responses to a global health problem. The goal of global health should be urgently improving responses toward better access to care and equity in health, without which the good may become the enemy of the better. In other words, there are places and times in which the approach Persad and Emanuel describe may be appropriate, but their recommendations fail to account for the realities of a population‐level medical emergency and for the fact that once an emergency is initially or partially addressed in any setting, time can be the enemy, if it breeds complacency.
Despairing about Health Disparities
Authors: Fleck Leonard M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractI have never doubted that the problem of inequalities in health status and access to needed care is a difficult ethical and political challenge. After reading the essays in Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice: New Conversations across the Disciplines, edited by Mara Buchbinder, Michele Rivkin‐Fish, and Rebecca Walker, I concluded that despair was the only suitable response in the face of daunting ethical and political complexity.The editors of this volume have three questions in mind that they asked contributors to address. (1) How do scholars from various disciplines approach relations between health inequalities and ideals of justice? Social scientists want to offer empirical descriptions of inequalities in health status across a range of social groups, but there are numerous ways of offering such descriptions. Are they all “correct”? Philosophers and medical ethicists want to make normative judgments regarding which inequalities matter, ethically speaking. So (2) do we need to know when considerations of justice are relevant to assessing health inequalities and which considerations of justice are most relevant in specific contexts? Ultimately, (3) the question is which of these scholarly approaches is most useful for improving health policy.
Visuomotor effects of body part movements presented in the first‐person perspective on imitative behavior
Authors: Watanabe Rui , Higuchi Takahiro , Kikuchi Yoshiaki , Taira Masato 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImitative stimuli presented from a first‐person perspective (FPP) produce stronger visuomotor effects than those presented from a third‐person perspective (TPP) due to the relatively greater response of the mirror neuron system (MNS) to FPP stimuli. Some previous studies utilizing TPP stimuli have reported no differences in MNS activity between moving and static bodies’ stimuli. However, few studies have compared visuomotor effects of such stimuli when presented in the FPP. To clarify this issue, we measured cortical activation in 17 participants during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imitation task involving three conditions: moving (a lifting finger was presented), static (an “X” appeared on a static finger), and control (an “X” appeared on a button). All stimuli were presented from the FPP or TPP. Participants were asked to lift the finger corresponding to the imitative stimulus. In the FPP condition, moving stimuli elicited greater MNS activation than static stimuli. Furthermore, such movement effects were stronger in the MNS and insula (a region associated with body‐ownership) for FPP stimuli than for TPP stimuli. Psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed increased connectivity between the MNS and insula for moving stimuli in the FPP condition. These findings suggest that bodily movements presented in the FPP elicit a greater visuomotor response than static body presented in the FPP, and that the visuomotor effects of bodily movements were greater in the FPP condition than in the TPP condition. Our analyses further indicated that such responses are processed via the neural system underlying body‐ownership. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6218–6229, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evapotranspiration and water source of a tropical rainforest in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lion Marryanna , Kosugi Yoshiko , Takanashi Satoru , Noguchi Shoji , Itoh Masayuki , Katsuyama Masanori , Matsuo Naoko , Shamsuddin Siti‐Aisah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo evaluate water use and the supporting water source of a tropical rainforest, a 4‐year assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) was conducted in Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. The eddy covariance method and isotope signals of rain, plant, soil, and stream waters were used to determine forest water sources under different moisture conditions. Four sampling events were conducted to collect soil and plant twig samples in wet, moderate, dry, and very dry conditions for the identification of isotopic signals. Annual ET from 2012 to 2015 was quite stable with an average of 1,182 ± 26 mm, and a substantial daily ET was observed even during drought periods, although some decline was observed, corresponding with volumetric soil water content. During the wet period, water for ET was supplied from the surface soil layer between 0 and 0.5 m, whereas in the dry period, approximately 50% to 90% was supplied from the deeper soil layer below 0.5‐m depth, originating from water precipitated several months previously at this forest. Isotope signatures demonstrated that the water sources of the plants, soil, and stream were all different. Water in plants was often different from soil water, probably because plant water came from a different source than water that was strongly bound to the soil particles. Plants showed no preference for soil depth with their size, whereas the existence of storage water in the xylem was suggested. The evapotranspiration at this forest is balanced and maintained using most of the available water sources except for a proportion of rapid response run‐off.
A quasi‐experimental evaluation of rent assistance for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness
Authors: Pankratz Courtney , Nelson Geoffrey , Morrison Marie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the effectiveness of the addition of rent assistance to existing housing and support services in the Waterloo region of Ontario for people experiencing chronic homelessness. A nonequivalent comparison group design was used to compare the outcomes between (a) participants selected to receive rent assistance plus support services (n = 26) and (b) participants receiving support services only (n = 25). Participants were interviewed at baseline and 6 months later. Participants in the rent assistance condition showed significantly greater improvements over time relative to the comparison group in housing stability and quality of life. They also demonstrated significantly better perceived housing quality, and there were trends of greater improvement in community functioning, social support, and food security. The findings demonstrate that rent assistance is associated with superior program outcomes for people experiencing chronic homelessness and is a necessary component of supported housing models, such as Housing First.
Conversion of benzoic acid into phenol in an ITMS under CI‐MSn conditions. Recognition of ortho‐chlorobenzoyl derivatives
Authors: Begala Michela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIsomeric chlorobenzoyl cations (m/z 139), under collision‐induced experiments, fragment identically. Chlorobenzoyl cations can be efficiently converted into cholorophenol radical cations by the reaction with methanol in the ion trap analyzer under CI‐MSn conditions. The substitution of the carbonyl group with a hydroxyl moiety is able to induce an ortho effect, which is absent in the startingortho‐chlorobenzoyl cation. This transformation could be useful to recognize ortho‐chlorinated benzoyl derivatives without the need of MS spectrum comparison of the whole set of isomers. The method reported in this study could be applicable to biologically active molecules that dissociate to form the chlorobenzoyl cations under CI or CI collision‐induced dissociation conditions, such as indomethacin, the degradation products from the insect growth regulator 1‐(2‐chlorobenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl) urea, and lorazepam.
Unraveling the inhibitory effect of dihydromyricetin on heterocyclic aromatic amines formation
Authors: Zhou Bin , Zhao Yueliang , Wang Xichang , Fan Daming , Cheng Kawing , Wang Mingfu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagens and rodent carcinogens. Flavonoids have attracted considerable attention for development into effective inhibitors against the formation of genotoxic HAAs in thermally processed foods.RESULTSThe inhibitory effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the formation of key HAAs, including 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]‐quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2‐amino‐3,4,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (4,8‐DiMeIQx), was significant. In chemical models, DMY (0.05 mmol, 0.1 mmol, and 0.2 mmol) significantly decreased the amount of PhIP formed (43.0%, 54.7%, and 75.7% respectively). A significant inhibitory effect on the formation of MeIQx and 4,8‐DiMeIQx was also observed. Moreover, DMY (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) reduced the generation of PhIP (by 48.0%, 59.0%, and 80.1% respectively) and that of MeIQx (by 45.8%, 62.0%, and 76.7% respectively) in fried beef patties.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that DMY could be converted into myricetin during thermal processing, and both DMY and myricetin could trap phenylacetaldehyde, a major Strecker aldehyde of phenylalanine, in a similar manner to thus inhibit the generation of PhIP. This study provides valuable information for the development of effective strategies to minimize HAA content in thermally processed foods and also sheds light on the mechanism that accounts for the inhibitory effect. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Nitrogen dynamics in flooded soil systems: an overview on concepts and performance of models
Authors: Nurulhuda Khairudin , Gaydon Donald S , Jing Qi , Zakaria Mohamad P , Struik Paul C , Keesman Karel J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExtensive modelling studies on nitrogen (N) dynamics in flooded soil systems have been published. Consequently, many N dynamics models are available for users to select from. With the current research trend, inclined towards multidisciplinary research, and with substantial progress in understanding of N dynamics in flooded soil systems, the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the modelling concepts and performance of 14 models developed to simulate N dynamics in flooded soil systems. This overview provides breadth of knowledge on the models, and, therefore, is valuable as a first step in the selection of an appropriate model for a specific application. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Local indigenous fruit‐derived juices as alternate source of acidity regulators
Authors: D'souza Cassandra , Fernandes Rosaline , Kudale Subhash , Naik Azza Silotry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcidity regulators are additives that alter and control food acidity. The objective of this study was to explore local indigenous fruits as sources of natural acidity regulators. Juices extracted from Garcinia indica (kokum), Embilica officinalis (amla) and Tamarindus indica (tamarind) were used as acidulants for media such as coconut milk and bottle gourd juice. The buffering capacity β, acid composition, antioxidant activity and shelf‐life study of the acidified media were estimated.RESULTSPotentiometric titration showed G. indica to possess the highest buffering capacity in both ranges. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed T. indica contained a high level of tartaric acid (4.84 ± 0.01 mg g−1), while G. indica had citric acid (22.37 ± 0.84 mg g−1) and E. officinalis had citric acid (2.75 ± 0.02 mg g−1) along with ascorbic acid (2.68 ± 0.01 mg g−1). 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity was high for E. officinalis (91.24 ± 0.66%) and T. indica (90.93 ± 0.817%) and relatively lower for G. indica (34.61 ± 3.66%). The shelf‐life study showed total plate count to be within the prescribed limits up to a week, in accordance with safety regulations.CONCLUSIONThis investigation confirmed the suitability of indigenous fruit juices as alternatives to existing acidity regulators. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry