bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Otolith and Balance Function Related to Cochlear Implant in Hearing Loss With Inner Ear Malformations Children
Authors: Shen Mengya , Xue Shujin , Wei Xingmei , Chen Biao , Kong Ying , Li Yongxin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe increase of bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) in recent years has made it essential to comprehend the effects of CI on otolith function. This study aimed to investigate the development of gross motor and otolith function in patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs) using vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).Materials and MethodsOverall, 78 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (age 5.7 ± 4.1 years) were divided into two groups based on the presence (IEM group, n = 39) or absence (control group, n = 39) of IEMs. VEMP testing was performed both before and 1–3 months after CI, and the evaluation of gross motor development was carried out.ResultsThe mean ages for achieving head control and independent walking were delayed in the IEM group compared with the control group (p = 0.02). The preoperative cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) response rates were higher in the control group (60% and 86.95%) than in the IEM group (57.69% and 74.35%) (p < 0.05). Additionally, abnormal cVEMP was associated with delayed acquisition of independent walking (p = 0.017). Saccular and utricular functions after CI were lost by 40% and 31.75%, respectively, in patients who elicited preoperative VEMPs waveform (n = 25).ConclusionsAmong SNHL patients, balance development is more delayed in patients of IEMs than in patients without IEMs. The cVEMP and oVEMP waveforms differed greatly between the two groups. The otolith‐vestibular nerve conduction pathway can be affected by CI, potentially leading to otolith function impairment. Therefore, it is essential to assess otolith and balance functions before CI, and this evaluation should be considered an integral part of clinical practice.
A lipidomic approach towards identifying the effects of fragrance hydroperoxides on keratinocytes
Authors: Moore Aaron I. , Moreira Ana S. P. , Guerra Inês M. S. , Goracci Laura , Domingues Pedro , Melo Tânia , Domingues M. Rosário , O'Boyle Niamh M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimonene and linalool are used in cosmetic products for their floral scents, but their oxidation products are strong contact allergens whose mechanisms of action are still not fully understood.ObjectivesThe effects of limonene hydroperoxide (Lim‐2‐OOH) and linalool hydroperoxides (Lin‐6/7‐OOH) on the lipid profile of a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were evaluated. 2,4‐Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was also included.MethodsLim‐2‐OOH and Lin‐6/7‐OOH were synthesised according to previous methods. HaCaT cells were treated with allergens (10 μM) for 24 h and the cellular lipid extracts were analysed by C18 liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Data analysis was performed using Lipostar software. Statistical analysis was carried out using Metaboanalyst and R software.ResultsAll three sensitisers used caused significant changes in the lipidome of HaCaT cells in a similar trend. There was an upregulation in several plasmanyl/plasmenyl phospholipids (O‐/P‐phosphatidylcholines [PC] and O‐/P‐phosphatidylethanolamines [PE]), sphingolipids (HexCer) and triacylglycerol lipid species, and a decrease in some polyunsaturated fatty acids‐containing phospholipid (PE and PC) species suggesting oxidative stress and inflammation.ConclusionsThis study is the first to evaluate the plasticity of the HaCaT cell lipidome in response to allylic hydroperoxide allergens Lim‐2‐OOH and Lin‐6/7‐OOH, together with the experimental contact allergen DNFB. These allergens are able to upregulate and downregulate certain lipid classes to a varying degree.
Cloud‐Enabled Mobile‐Based Approach for Enhancing Psychosis Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Walia Shilpa , Kumar Neelesh , Khosla Praveen Kumar , Grover Sandeep 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe study aims to assess the feasibility of developing cognitive tools and integrating the cloud‐enabled mobile‐based technology into routine clinical practice for psychotic patients. Furthermore, it aims to investigate the correlation between the results obtained using developed tools and established clinical measures, offering valuable insights into tools for enhancing the accuracy, efficiency and ease of administration of cognitive evaluation.MethodsA total of 160 participants were recruited (83 outpatients with early course of schizophrenia (SZs) and 77 healthy controls [HCs]). The participants were subjected to cognitive assessments, and the data were collected by cognitive assessment digital smart tool (CADST) and PGI memory scale (PGIMS) to assess attention (ATT) and working memory (WM). Outcome measures of these parameters were digit span (score,time) for ATT and delayed recall (score,time) for WM.ResultsThe total average score in HCs was significantly higher than in SZs for ATT and WM, and CADST was significantly correlated with PGIMS for evaluating ATT and WM. Furthermore, test completion times for ATT and WM were observed more in SZs although most of SZs had achieved scores as high as that of HCs.ConclusionThe potential of CADST as a valuable addition to the conventional cognitive assessment method is highlighted, showing promising feasibility and strong correlations with the established tool. The importance of integrating time parameters suggests broader implications for understanding cognitive function beyond conventional scoring metrics. It demonstrates the effective and accurate approach for large‐scale screening of cognitive parameters in public service settings.
Penetration of Intracoronal Bleaching Agents Across a Calcium Silicate‐Based Coronal Barrier in Pulpless Immature Permanent Teeth: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Devi Karthikeyan Pavithra , Thomas Rathika , Gunasekaran Abishek , Tewari Nitesh , Upadhyay Ashish Dutt , Morankar Rahul , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTooth bleaching procedures on nonvital teeth have been performed for crown discoloration caused by regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). However, leakage of bleaching agents across the root canal can be detrimental. This study aimed to assess and compare the penetration levels of hydrogen peroxide (HP) from different bleaching agents across calcium silicate‐based coronal barriers in immature permanent teeth.MethodsFifty extracted single‐rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Group I (HH)–35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); Group II (SS)−a mixture of sodium perborate (SP) powder and saline; Group III (SH)−a mixture of SP powder and 30% HP liquid; Group IV (CP)–10% carbamide peroxide gel. The control group (Group V, CC) was treated with distilled water. The bleaching agent was replaced on the 4th day, and penetration analysis was performed on the 7th day using ferro thiocyanate (FTC) method and a UV‐spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 480 nm.ResultsCompared with the control group, the SH group (SP mixed with HP) showed a significant difference, indicating substantial HP penetration across the root canal space (p value < 0.0001). Intergroup comparisons also revealed a significant difference between the SS and SH groups (p value < 0.0001), suggesting that the SS group had less penetration.ConclusionCompared with other bleaching agents, SP mixed with saline/water resulted in the lowest HP penetration in the pulp canals of the RET‐simulated tooth models.Clinical SignificanceThis study is the first to investigate HP penetration from different bleaching agents in teeth that have undergone RET, identifying the safest bleaching agent for use in these cases. This study also provides a foundation for further research to develop precise guidelines for nonvital tooth bleaching protocols in RET‐treated teeth.
Describing the musculature of mystacial pads in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) using diceCT
Authors: Elder Alyx , Evans Elizabeth , Brassey Charlotte , Kitchener Andrew C. , Hantke George , Grant Robyn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPinnipeds have long, sensitive, moveable mystacial vibrissae. In other mammals, intrinsic muscles contribute to protracting the vibrissae. However, the mystacial muscles of pinnipeds have not yet been systematically described. Using traditional histological methods provides us with two‐dimensional muscle images, but having the ability to visualise these structures in three dimensions would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of pinniped vibrissal anatomy, especially given the challenges posed by their large and extremely curved mystacial pad. We predicted that harbour seals would have large, regular intrinsic muscles due to their well‐organised, moveable vibrissae. We adopted diffusible iodine contrast‐enhanced computer tomography (diceCT) to describe, for the first time, the three‐dimensional architecture of the mystacial vibrissal muscles found in harbour seals. Our observations show that their vibrissae are organised into grids within the mystacial pad. We identified both sling‐shaped and oblique intrinsic muscles that connect one vibrissae to the next in the same row. We also identified extrinsic muscles, including the m. nasolabialis, m. maxillolabialis, m. levator nasolabialis and m. orbicularis oris. Contrary to our prediction, the intrinsic muscles were not very large, although they were regularly distributed throughout the pad. Rather, the extrinsic muscles, particularly the m. nasolabialis and m. maxillolabialis were large, deep and well‐defined, running throughout the length of the mystacial pad. Therefore, we suggest that these extrinsic muscles, the m. nasolabialis and m. maxillolabialis, are responsible for driving vibrissal protraction underwater. These findings demonstrate the importance of three‐dimensional visualisation techniques in advancing our understanding of mystacial anatomy and function in pinnipeds.
Parents' Experiences of Accessing Mental Health Services for Their Adolescents With Mental Health Challenges: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nic Dhonnacha Seána , Kerr Lisa , McCague Yvonne , Cawley Des 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo analyse the literature on parents' experiences of accessing mental health services with their adolescents for mental health challenges in Ireland.BackgroundHealth systems globally have inadequately addressed mental health service needs resulting in notable gaps between population needs and access to adolescent mental health services.MethodsThis scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's six‐stage framework and PRISMA‐ScR reporting guidelines. Five electronic databases SocINDEX, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Scopus and EBSCO were searched and reference lists screened 2015–2024.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included. Applying Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis identified three themes: adolescent community mental health services for adolescents with mental health challenges, accessing mental healthcare services via emergeny departments for adolescents with mental health challenges and parents' experiences of accessing mental health services for their adolescents with mental health challenges.ConclusionParents' experiences of accessing mental health services for their adolescents are not fully understood, and further research is required to map key concepts to inform practice and policymaking.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings from this scoping review highlight challenges for adolescent mental health services in Ireland and internationally. Heightening awareness of these issues is necessary to improve the clinical practice of nurses.No Patient or Public ContributionThis was a scoping review study.
Experiences of Intensive Care Unit Patients as They Transition to the Ward: A Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Yumei Li , Zhang Deping , Xu Yu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the transfer of intensive care unit (ICU) patients to general wards, patients often experience transfer anxiety due to changes in the healthcare environment, staff and unfamiliarity with the new ward. However, the experiences of ICU patients during this transition period have received less attention.AimsA systematic review and synthesis of the experiences of patients transitioning from the ICU to the ward.DesignThematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Data SourcesWe searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases for qualitative research on the transition‐to‐ward experience of patients in ICUs for the year 2023 February.Review MethodsThe quality of the literature was evaluated according to the qualitative research quality assessment criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute, as outlined by the Australian Centre for Evidence‐Based Healthcare. The data were then extracted from the studies, analysed and synthesised using a thematic synthesis approach.ResultsA total of 12 papers were included and the 32 findings were distilled and consolidated into three themes: emotional reactions; imperfections in the transition process; differences between wards and ICUs; and eight sub‐themes: optimism; pessimism; emotionlessness; inadequate information; inadequate communication; physical condition; differences in care; differences in environment.ConclusionsThe transfer from an ICU to a general ward is a major change of environment for the patient and can trigger upset and anxiety. Planning for turn‐out, meeting patients' information needs and easing patients' emotions are critical in this process.
Spatial inequality in unsolved crimes: Evidence from small neighborhoods
Authors: Braakmann Nils , Dursun Bahadir , Zambiasi Diego 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing administrative data on the universe of police recorded crime linked to judicial outcomes for England and Wales from January 2013 to December 2018, we document—for the first time—large and persistent spatial inequalities in the proportion of solved and unsolved crimes across small neighborhoods covering a whole country. We find substantial differences across neighborhoods in the same municipality or police force. Fixed effects decompositions suggest that neighborhoods have different clearance rates across different crimes and that high‐crime neighborhoods also have high clearance rates, but with substantial heterogeneity across offences. Clearance rates correlate systematically with neighborhood composition.
Investigating the evolution of green algae with a large transcriptomic data set
Authors: Ferranti David A. , Delwiche Charles F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe colonization of land by plants approximately 450–500 million years ago (Mya) is one of the most important events in the history of life on Earth. Land plants, hereafter referred to as “embryophytes,” comprise the foundation of every terrestrial biome, making them an essential lineage for the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. The embryophytes form a monophyletic clade within one of the two major phyla of the green algae (Viridiplantae), the Streptophyta. Estimates from fossil data and molecular clock analyses suggest the Streptophyte algae (Charophytes) diverged from the other main phylum of green algae, the Chlorophyta, as much as 1500 Mya. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis using transcriptomic and genomic data of 62 green algae and embryophyte operational taxonomic units, 31 of which were assembled de novo for this project. We have focused on identifying the charophyte lineage that is sister to embryophytes, and show that the Zygnematophyceae have the strongest support, followed by the Charophyceae. Furthermore, we have examined amino acid and codon usage across the tree and determined these data broadly follow the phylogenetic tree. We concluded by searching the data set for protein domains and gene families known to be important in embryophytes. Many of these domains and genes have homologous sequences in the charophyte lineages, giving insight into the processes that underlay the colonization of the land by plants. This provides new insights into green algal diversification, identifies previously unknown attributes of genome evolution within the group, and shows how functional mechanisms have evolved over time.
Understanding post‐fire vegetation recovery in southern California ecosystems with the aid of pre‐fire observations from long‐term monitoring
Authors: Li Xinyu , Kimball Sarah , Ta Priscilla , Schmidt Katharina T. , Campbell Diane R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsPost‐fire vegetation recovery is often determined by the similarity of post‐burn with unburned sites because of a lack of in situ information on pre‐fire communities. The inclusion of pre‐fire data can help account for pre‐existing differences and explore recovery also in terms of return to pre‐fire conditions. We used long‐term monitoring data in coastal sage scrub and grasslands to: (a) examine vegetation cover recovery of different functional groups; and (b) determine whether vegetation composition in burned areas has recovered in 4 years after fire with burned to unburned and pre‐ to post‐fire comparisons.LocationOrange County, California, USA.MethodsWe analyzed long‐term vegetation monitoring (2007–2021) data from 39 grassland and 58 coastal sage scrub transects in southern California, including observations before and after the 2017 Canyon 2 fire. Linear mixed‐effect models were used to determine whether forb, grass, and shrub covers differed between burned and unburned sites while considering the effects of year and repeated monitoring. We used canonical analysis of principal coordinates to analyze vegetation composition based on burn status and time of sampling.ResultsWhereas vegetation cover in grassland recovered quickly, native vegetation cover in burned coastal sage scrub remained lowered 4 years after fire, though forb and non‐native grass cover were higher in some post‐fire years. Community composition in burned coastal sage scrub was still in recovery 4 years after fire when compared with unburned or pre‐fire composition. Although burned and unburned grassland differed after fire in dominant grass species, inclusion of pre‐fire data showed that this was a pre‐existing difference.ConclusionsCoastal sage scrub had not recovered pre‐fire vegetation cover and composition by 4 years after fire, whereas grassland cover rebounded quickly, albeit with shifts in composition over time; patterns that were detected only by having pre‐ and post‐fire data from long‐term monitoring efforts.
Assessing State Resilience: Lynching and Its Ramifications on State Credit in the United States
Authors: Dove John A. , Byrd William J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe importance of state capacity and institutional quality has received significant attention within the academic literature. This is especially true as it relates to the protection of property rights and, ultimately, the role it plays in economic development. This study adds to this literature by considering how lynching activity across US states impacts sovereign credit. Given that lynching tends to be associated with weak public‐sector institutions, limited‐access social orders, and the weak protection of individual and property rights, we posit that as lynchings increase so too will bond yields. The analysis covers the period 1883–1920 and find support that state borrowing costs rose as lynching activity increased. The results are robust to a number of specifications, demographic groups, and regions. Implications are discussed.
Elevated Porcupine Disrupts Lipid Metabolism and Promotes Inflammatory Response in MASLD
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Ju Fengyu , Yan Li , Shen Xin , Guo Shiqing , Yu Muchen , Cao Yujia , Wang Wenhui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) presents a high incidence globally and is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, lacking of efficient interventions. Patients with MASLD exhibit exceeded serum levels of palmitic acid (PA). However, the association between PA and MASLD remains obscure.MethodsGene expression omnibus dataset analysis, western blotting, mRNA‐sequencing, RT‐qPCR, a click chemistry‐immunoprecipitation‐immunofluorescence system, ELISA, lipid extraction and UHPLC–MS/MS analysis, CyTOF mass cytometry, gene knockdown via lentivirus‐mediated shRNA, and high‐fat methionine and choline‐deficient diet‐fed WT and db/db mice models were used to reveal the expression and functions of Porcupine in MASLD development both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsOur findings show that PA, as a crucial substrate for protein palmitoylation, induced the expression of palmitoyltransferase Porcupine in a time‐dependent manner. This induction was closely associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and stimulated inflammatory response observed in vitro. Porcupine protein levels were significantly increased in liver tissues from both MASLD mice models, which was predominantly localised in lipid droplet‐rich hepatocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of Porcupine by Wnt974 markedly ameliorated the aberrant lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in mouse livers. Furthermore, increased Porcupine positively correlated with CD36 at protein levels, and its inhibition or knockdown decreased CD36 protein levels via mechanisms irrelevant to transcriptional regulation, but primarily dependent on protein palmitoylation.ConclusionsThe current study reveals that PA‐induced Porcupine disrupts lipid metabolism and promotes inflammatory response during MASLD development, which can be ameliorated by the Porcupine inhibitor Wnt974. Therefore, Porcupine may be a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of MASLD.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey in Brazilian Older People Psychometric Evaluation of MOS‐SSS
Authors: de Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira , Belineli Lilian Miranda , Rocha Greiciane da Silva , Corona Ligiana Pires , Freiria Carolina Neves , Polo Celi Macedo , Reis Rogério Donizeti , Lima Daniela Braga , Nunes Daniella Pires , da Silva Wanderson Roberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of different factorial models of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS) and screen the frequency of social support in older Brazilians.MethodMethodological study. Five factorial models of the MOS‐SSS were tested for their validity and reliability using three Brazilian samples from different locations in the country. The factorial invariance was assessed across locations using multigroup analysis. The global average score was calculated.ResultsA total of 1574 older people participated in the study. For all models, there was adequate factorial and convergent validity and good reliability; the discriminant validity was not achieved. Therefore, a second‐order hierarchical model was proposed and showed validity, reliability and invariance across samples. In the three Brazilian samples, participants presented high frequency of social support.ConclusionA second‐order hierarchical model was fitted the Brazilian samples, allowing the calculation of the global score of social support, which was high among the participants.Implications for PracticeThe MOS‐SSS assesses social support levels among older individuals in community or clinical settings. Nurses can tailor interventions based on scale outcomes for personalised care for older people.