bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in emergency ambulance demand between older adults living in residential aged care facilities and those living in the community in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Cantwell Kate , Morgans Amee , Smith Karen , Livingston Michael , Dietze Paul 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and temporal variation in ambulance service cases involving patients aged 65 years or older (older adults) from residential aged care facilities and those who are community dwelling (CD).MethodsThis study used four years of electronic case records from Ambulance Victoria in Melbourne, Australia. Trigonometric regression was used to analyse demand patterns.ResultsResidential aged care facility cases included proportionally more falls and infection‐related problems and fewer circulatory‐related incidents than CD cases. Community dwelling demand patterns differed between weekdays and weekends and peaked late morning. Residential aged care facility cases peaked late morning, with a secondary peak early evening, but with no significant difference between days.ConclusionsOlder adult ambulance demand has distinct temporal patterns that differ by place of residence and are associated with different clinical presentations. These results provide a basis for informing ambulance planning and the identification of alternate health services.
Nursing students’ death anxiety and fear towards dementia patients
Authors: McKenzie Ellen L , Brown Patricia M 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between death anxiety (DA) and fear towards patients according to the age and illness of the patient.MethodsA sample of 94 undergraduate nursing students from an Australian university were presented with a hypothetical patient, who varied by age (29 years or 71 years) and illness (arthritis, cancer or dementia). They then completed measures of DA and fear towards the patient.ResultsOlder patients with dementia were associated with higher DA compared to all other conditions. Greater fear was associated with patients in the dementia target condition.ConclusionThe findings from this study are consistent with terror management theory; specifically, older age and terminal illness are associated with greater DA. Implications are discussed regarding the quality of care provided to older people with dementia.
Optical coherence tomography morphology and evolution in cblC disease‐related maculopathy in a case series of very young patients
Authors: Bacci Giacomo M. , Donati Maria A. , Pasquini Elisabetta , Munier Francis , Cavicchi Catia , Morrone Amelia , Sodi Andrea , Murro Vittoria , Garcia Segarra Nuria , Defilippi Claudio , Bussolin Leonardo , Caputo Roberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo describe the retinal structure of a group of patients affected by methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria cblC type, caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsYoung patients (n = 11, age 0–74 months) with cblC disease, detected by newborn screening or clinically diagnosed within 40 days of life, underwent molecular analysis and complete ophthalmic examination, including fundus photography and SD‐OCT. In one case, we also performed fluorescein angiography (FA) and standard electroretinography (ERG).ResultsMolecular analysis of the MMACHC gene fully confirmed cblC disease in nine of 11 patients. Two patients harboured only a single heterozygous pathogenic MMACHC mutation and large unbalanced rearrangements were excluded by array‐CGH analysis in both. All patients except two showed a bilateral maculopathy. In general, retinal changes were first observed before one year of age and progressed to a well‐established maculopathy. Measurable visual acuities ranged from normal vision, in keeping with age, to bilateral, severe impairment of central vision. Nystagmus was present in six patients. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) showed macular thinning with severe alterations in outer, and partial sparing of inner, retinal layers.ConclusionPatients affected by cblC disease may frequently show an early onset maculopathy with variable ophthalmoscopic appearance. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) broadens the knowledge of subtle retinal alterations during the disease's progression and helps to shed light on the pathological mechanism of maculopathy development.
Research on the epigenetic regulation mechanism of the PTPN6 gene in advanced chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Zhang Xiaokun , Yang Lin , Liu Xiaojun , Nie Ziyuan , Wang Xingzhe , Pan Yuxia , Luo Jianmin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPTPN6, a tyrosine phosphatase protein, plays a negative role in cell signal transduction and is negatively correlated with tumour formation and growth. However, epigenetic regulation mechanism of the PTPN6 gene in advanced chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) remains unclear. This study investigated bone marrow or blood samples from 44 CML patients and 10 healthy volunteers. KCL22 and K562 cells were cultured and treated with demethylation drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing PCR, Western blotting, co‐immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed. PTPN6 was down‐regulated in cell lines and patients with advanced phase CML, whereas DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 and HDAC1 were up‐regulated. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine, decitabine, sodium valproate and LBH589 increased PTPN6 expression, but decreased that of DNMT1, DNMT3A, MECP2, MBD2 and HDAC1. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry showed that HDAC1 combined directly with PTPN6. ChIP‐seq showed that HDAC1 did not combine with the promoter region of PTPN6, while MAPK, AKT, STAT5, JAK2 and MYC promoter regions all combined with HDAC1. PTPN6 is associated with progression of CML. Low expression level of PTPN6 was associated with DNA methylation and regulated by histone acetylation. HDAC1 participates in the regulation of PTPN6.
Association of Human Development Index with global bladder, kidney, prostate and testis cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Greiman Alyssa K. , Rosoff James S. , Prasad Sandip M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo describe contemporary worldwide age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates for bladder, kidney, prostate and testis cancer and their association with development.Materials and MethodsWe obtained gender‐specific, age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates for 184 countries and 16 major world regions from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. We compared the mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) at national and regional levels in males and females, and assessed the association with socio‐economic development using the 2014 United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsAge‐standardized incidence rates were 2.9 (bladder) to 7.4 (testis) times higher for genitourinary malignancies in more developed countries compared with less developed countries. Age‐standardized mortality rates were 1.5–2.2 times higher in more vs less developed countries for prostate, bladder and kidney cancer, with no variation in mortality rates observed in testis cancer. There was a strong inverse relationship between HDI and MIR in testis (regression coefficient 1.65, R2 = 0.78), prostate (regression coefficient −1.56, R2 = 0.85), kidney (regression coefficient −1.34, R2 = 0.74), and bladder cancer (regression coefficient −1.01, R2 = 0.80).ConclusionWhile incidence and mortality rates for genitourinary cancers vary widely throughout the world, the MIR is highest in less developed countries for all four major genitourinary malignancies. Further research is needed to understand whether differences in comorbidities, exposures, time to diagnosis, access to healthcare, diagnostic techniques or treatment options explain the observed inequalities in genitourinary cancer outcomes.
Protecting children and families from tobacco and tobacco‐related NCDs in the Western Pacific: good practice examples from Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore
Authors: David A. M. , Mercado S. P. , Klein J. D. , Kaundan M. s./o. K. , Koong H. N. , Garcia E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are generally considered diseases of adulthood, but NCD risk factors like tobacco use often are taken up during childhood and adolescence, and second‐hand smoke exposure affects child survival and development.MethodsAt a regional meeting of the Asia Pacific Child and Family Health Alliance for Tobacco Control, members reviewed existing good practices of child‐focused tobacco control approaches using health promotion strategies. These interventions were implemented nationally in Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore.ResultsThree good practice national examples were identified that focused on creating supportive tobacco‐free environments and upgrading cessation skills among paediatricians. These country examples highlight strategic areas to protect children and families from the harms of tobacco, as part of NCD prevention and control. Training paediatricians in brief cessation advice has enabled them to address tobacco‐using parents. Fully enforcing smoke‐free public areas has led to an increase in smoke‐free homes. The Tobacco Free Generation is a tobacco control ‘endgame’ strategy that taps into a social movement to deglamorize tobacco use and empower youth born in and after year 2000 to reject tobacco and nicotine addiction.ConclusionTobacco control is pivotal in the fight against NCDs; health promotion strategies to protect children and youth from tobacco have a critical role to play in NCD prevention and control. Frontline health workers, including primary care paediatricians, need to step up and actively advocate for full implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, including tobacco tax increases and smoke‐free areas, while monitoring patients and their parents for tobacco use and second‐hand smoke exposure, preventing adolescent smoking uptake, and offering cessation support. A life‐course approach incorporating child‐focused efforts to prevent initiation of smoking and second‐hand smoke exposure with measures promoting cessation among parents will offer the greatest chance of overcoming future tobacco‐related NCD burden.
Anthropocentric by Default? Attribution of Familiar and Novel Properties to Living Things
Authors: Arenson Melanie , Coley John D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHumans naturally and effortlessly use a set of cognitive tools to reason about biological entities and phenomena. Two such tools, essentialist thinking and teleological thinking, appear to be early developmental cognitive defaults, used extensively in childhood and under limited circumstances in adulthood, but prone to reemerge under time pressure or cognitive load. We examine the nature of another such tool: anthropocentric thinking. In four experiments, we examined patterns of property attribution to a wide range of living and non‐living objects, manipulating time pressure, response type, and property (either novel or familiar) in a total of 471 participants. Results showed no tendency toward increased similarity‐based attribution patterns indicative of anthropocentric thinking under time pressure. However, anthropocentric thinking was consistently observed for unfamiliar properties. These findings suggest that anthropocentric thinking is not a developmentally persistent cognitive default, but rather a cognitive strategy deliberately employed in situations of uncertainty.
Acute cellular rejection later than one year after heart transplantation: A single‐center retrospective study at Skåne University Hospital in Lund 1988‐2010
Authors: Söderlund Carl , Rådegran Göran 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRoutine endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to detect acute cellular rejection (ACR) late (>1 year) after heart transplantation (HT) remains debated. To gain knowledge on late ACR and thereby approach this issue, we studied the incidence, predictors, and outcome of late ACR. 815 late EMBs from 183 patients transplanted 1988‐2010 were retrospectively reviewed until June 30, 2012. Only 4.4% of the routine and 17.6% of the additional clinically indicated late EMBs showed ACR ≥ grade 2. With time post‐HT, there was a clear trend toward fewer ACRs, a lower incidence of ACR per patient per year, and a deceleration in the decrease in the proportion of patients free from ACR. Sex‐mismatching and first‐year ACR were associated with an increased risk of late ACR, which also was associated with worse outcome. Although rare, when compared to our previous study on first‐year EMBs, it appears as if late more often than early ACR remains undetected and that also late and not only early ACR influences outcome. Extended EMB surveillance >1 year post‐HT therefore still seems reasonable in “high‐risk” patients, as also suggested in the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines. These should include, but not be limited to, the two risk groups above.
Clinical yield of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration for incidental pancreatic cysts in kidney transplant evaluation
Authors: Rejeski Jared , Rogers Jeffrey , Hauser Matthew , Mishra Girish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionFor several reasons, including an elevated risk for malignancy after transplant, kidney transplant candidates undergo a thorough evaluation prior to transplantation. Further assessment of incidentally discovered pancreatic cysts on routine abdominal imaging has been assumed to be prudent, and the preferred method has been endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA). The clinical utility of EUS/EUS‐FNA with respect to transplant decision‐making has not been evaluated.Materials and MethodsKidney transplant candidates undergoing EUS/EUS‐FNA for further evaluation of one or more pancreatic cysts were identified. The clinical yield of the EUS/EUS‐FNA was determined via retrospective chart review.ResultsAfter exclusion criteria were applied, a total of 15 cases were identified at a high‐volume transplant center over a 71‐month period. EUS/EUS‐FNA was deemed to have a clinically relevant impact in 73.3% of cases.ConclusionKidney transplant candidates are a unique group with respect to the need to clarify the etiology of pancreatic cysts. EUS/EUS‐FNA frequently provides information that is clinically relevant to the determination of transplant status.
The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8: Psychometric properties in a cross‐sectional survey of people attending residential substance abuse treatment
Authors: Kelly Peter J. , Kyngdon Felicity , Ingram Isabella , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Osborne Briony A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ‐8) is one of a limited number of standardised satisfaction measures that have been used widely across mental health services. This study examined the CSQ‐8 as a measure of general satisfaction within residential substance abuse treatment. It compared the CSQ‐8 with another established measure of client satisfaction that was developed for substance abuse treatment settings (Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire, TPQ). It also sought to examine the relationship between the CSQ‐8 and commonly used process measures.Design and MethodsCross‐sectional data was collected from across 14 Australian residential medium‐to‐long term alcohol and other drug treatment facilities (N = 1378). Demographic, substance abuse and mental health characteristics were collected, as well as process measures of craving, general functioning, self‐perceptions, recovery and symptom distress.ResultsA confirmatory factory analysis established that the CSQ‐8 retains a single factor. The scale was strongly correlated with the TPQ, suggesting high concurrent validity. However, while the TPQ was normally distributed, the CSQ‐8 was highly negatively skewed. Significant associations were found between the CSQ‐8 and cross‐sectional process measures.Discussion and ConclusionsResults suggest that that CSQ‐8 is an appropriate measure to be used in residential substance abuse treatment settings. However, because of the high levels of negative skew, it is likely that the TPQ is more accurate in capturing clients' dissatisfaction than the CSQ‐8. Future research should include longitudinal studies of satisfaction in order to examine how changes in satisfaction may be related to client characteristics, outcome measures, dropout or re‐engagement in treatment. [Kelly PJ, Kyngdon F, Ingram I, Deane FP, Baker AL, Osborne BA. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8: Psychometric properties in a cross‐sectional survey of people attending residential substance abuse treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:79–86]
The distinct roles of Argonaute protein 2 in the growth, stress responses and pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen
Authors: Feng H. , Xu M. , Liu Y. , Gao X. , Yin Z. , Voegele R. T. , Huang L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryValsa mali (V. mali), the causal agent of apple tree Valsa canker, severely damages apple production, a major economic crop in China. To date, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of V. mali is still limited. RNA interference participates in various biological processes in multicellular organisms. The Argonaute proteins (AGOs), which are a core component of the RNA interference system, play key roles in vegetable growth, environmental responses and fungal pathogenicity. Previously, transcriptome analysis revealed that the AGO2 gene (VMAGO2) was up‐regulated during V. mali infection, suggesting that VMAGO2 plays a potential role in pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of VMAGO2 in the growth, stress responses and pathogenicity of V. mali. VMAGO2 was isolated and found to be orthologous to AGO2 of Neurospora crassa and Fusarium graminearum. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis showed that VMAGO2 expression was 3.4‐fold higher than that of the control (mycelium) at 24 hr post‐inoculation (hpi). Six positive VMAGO2 mutants were generated using double‐joint PCR and PEG‐mediated transformation. Deletion of VMAGO2 did not result in any obvious phenotypic change when compared with that of wild‐type strain 03‐8. Furthermore, the colonial morphology was not obviously affected when the mutants were subjected to osmotic and pH stress treatments. However, the knockout mutants did not grow on PDA with 0.05% H2O2. More importantly, infection assays showed that the average lesion diameter/length resulting from mutant infections was 34.8% and 19.8% smaller on apple leaves and twigs, respectively, than those resulting from wild‐type infections. All six positive mutants showed a consistent phenotype, and the defects of the mutants were fully complemented by re‐introducing the WTVMAGO2 allele. Our results demonstrated that VMAGO2 plays an important role in H2O2 tolerance and the pathogenicity of V. mali.
Enriched environment attenuates behavioral seizures and depression in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Vrinda Marigowda , Sasidharan Arun , Aparna Sahajan , Srikumar Bettadapura N. , Kutty Bindu M. , Shankaranarayana Rao Byrathnahalli S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of TLE, it remains the most common form of refractory epilepsy. Enriched environment (EE) has a beneficial effect in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the effect of EE on cognitive changes in chronic TLE has not been evaluated. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the effects of EE on chronic epilepsy–induced alterations in cognitive functions, electrophysiology, and cellular changes in the hippocampus.MethodsStatus epilepticus (SE) was induced in 2‐month‐old male Wistar rats with lithium and pilocarpine. Six weeks' post SE, epileptic rats were either housed in their respective home cages or in an enrichment cage (6 h/day) for 14 days. Seizure behavior was video‐monitored 2 weeks before and during exposure to EE. Depression‐like behavior, anxiety‐like behavior, and spatial learning and memory were assessed using the sucrose preference test (SPT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and Morris water maze (MWM), respectively. Delta and theta power in the CA1 region of hippocampus was assessed from recordings of local field potentials (LFPs). Cellular changes in hippocampus were assessed by histochemistry followed by unbiased stereologic analysis.ResultsEE significantly reduced seizure episodes and seizure duration in epileptic rats. In addition, EE alleviated depression and hyperactivity, and restored delta and theta power of LFP in the hippocampal CA1 region. However, EE neither ameliorated epilepsy‐induced spatial learning and memory deficits nor restored cell density in hippocampus.SignificanceThis is the first study that evaluates the role of EE in a chronic TLE model, where rats were exposed to EE after occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Given that 30% of TLE patients are refractory to drug treatment, therapeutic strategies that utilize components of EE could be designed to alleviate seizures and psychiatric comorbidities associated with TLE.
Postmarketing experience with brivaracetam in the treatment of epilepsies: A multicenter cohort study from Germany
Authors: Steinig Isabel , von Podewils Felix , Möddel Gabriel , Bauer Sebastian , Klein Karl Martin , Paule Esther , Reif Philipp S. , Willems Laurent M. , Zöllner Johann Philipp , Kunz Rhina , Runge Uwe , Kurlemann Gerhard , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate factors predicting efficacy, retention, and tolerability of add‐on brivaracetam (BRV) in clinical practice.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective cohort study recruiting all patients who started BRV between February and November 2016 with observation time between 3 and 12 months.ResultsOf a total of 262 patients (mean age 40, range 5–81 years, 129 male) treated with BRV, 227 (87%) were diagnosed to have focal, 19 (7%) idiopathic generalized and 8 (3%) symptomatic generalized epilepsy, whereas 8 (3%) were unclassified. The length of exposure to BRV ranged from 1 day to 12 months, with a median retention time of 6.1 months, resulting in a total exposure time to BRV of 1,504 months. The retention rate was 79.4% at 3 months and 75.8% at 6 months. Efficacy at 3 months was 41.2% (50% responder rate) with 14.9% seizure‐free for 3 months and, at 6 months, 40.5% with 15.3% seizure‐free. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were observed in 37.8% of the patients, with the most common being somnolence, dizziness, and behavioral adverse events (BAEs). BAE that presented under previous levetiracetam (LEV) treatment improved upon switch to BRV in 57.1% (20/35) and LEV‐induced somnolence improved in 70.8% (17/24). Patients with BAE on LEV were more likely to develop BAE on BRV (odds ratio [OR] 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–7.95).SignificanceBRV in broad clinical postmarketing use is a well‐tolerated anticonvulsant drug with 50% responder rates, similar to those observed in the regulatory trials, even though 90% of the patients included had previously been exposed to LEV. An immediate switch from LEV to BRV at a ratio of 10:1 to 15:1 is feasible. The only independent significant predictor of efficacy was the start of BRV in patients not currently taking LEV. The occurrence of BAE during previous LEV exposure predicted poor psychobehavioral tolerability of BRV treatment. A switch to BRV can be considered in patients with LEV‐induced BAE.