bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of effectiveness of ‘Nilee Vyema brochure’ on knowledge of breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care and hygiene practice among mothers in central Tanzania. A quasi experiment study protocol
Authors: Ngeze Shimwe Amos , Ntwenya Julius , Mongi Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrematurity is a challenge affecting child health worldwide and mothers who are the sole care providers of preterm infants post discharge must possess the necessary knowledge to be able to properly care for their preterm infant at home.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study will be to assess the effectiveness ofNILEE VYEMAbrochure on knowledge of breastfeeding, kangaroo care and hygiene among mothers with preterm infants in central Tanzania. A sample of 112 mothers with preterm infants will be recruited from two randomly selected regional hospitals in central Tanzania in 2024. A quasi pre-test post-test experimental design will be used and theNilee Vyemabrochure will be adapted from several literatures. Both the control group and intervention group will be given the pretest questionnaire to assess baseline knowledge. The control group will receive routine education lecture based on breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care and hygiene topics while the intervention group will receive both routine education in conjunction with theNilee Vyemabrochure. Interventional sessions will include lectures on breastfeeding, kangaroo mother care and hygiene to influence the knowledge and skills of these mothers in caring for their preterm. After the intervention, both groups will be given the pretest questionnaire which will assess end-line knowledge.AnalysisData will be analyzed using SPSS (version 20) for descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of the study samples and inferential statistics to test the effectiveness of the brochure before and after intervention. Furthermore, chi-square test will be used to describe the relationship between categorical variables at p < 0.05.
An integrative analysis of cell-specific transcriptomics and nuclear proteomics of sleep-deprived mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Jha Pawan K. , Valekunja Utham K. , Reddy Akhilesh B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSleep regulation follows a homeostatic pattern. The mammalian cerebral cortex is the repository of homeostatic sleep drive and neurons and astrocytes of the cortex are principal responders of sleep need. The molecular mechanisms by which these two cell types respond to sleep loss are not yet clearly understood. By combining cell-type specific transcriptomics and nuclear proteomics we investigated how sleep loss affects the cellular composition and molecular profiles of these two cell types in a focused approach. The results indicate that sleep deprivation regulates gene expression and nuclear protein abundance in a cell-type-specific manner. Our integrated multi-omics analysis suggests that this distinction arises because neurons and astrocytes employ different gene regulatory strategies under accumulated sleep pressure. These findings provide a comprehensive view of the effects of sleep deprivation on gene regulation in neurons and astrocytes.
Hyperexcitability precedes CA3 hippocampal neurodegeneration in a dox-regulatable TDP-43 mouse model of ALS-FTD
Authors: Rodemer William , Ra Irene , Jia Elizabeth , Gujral Jaskeerat , Zhang Bin , Hoxha Kevt’her , Xing Bo , Mehta Sanya , Farag Madona , Porta Silvia , Jensen Frances E. , Talos Delia M. , Lee Virginia M.-Y. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTNeuronal hyperexcitability is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but its relationship with the TDP-43 aggregates that comprise the predominant pathology in over 90% of ALS cases remains unclear. Emerging evidence in tissue and slice culture models indicate that TDP-43 pathology induces neuronal hyperexcitability suggesting it may be responsible for the excitotoxicity long believed to be a major driver of ALS neuron death. Here, we characterized hyperexcitability and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of doxycycline-regulatable rNLS8 mice (NEFH-tTA x tetO-hTDP-43ΔNLS), followed by treatment with AAV encoded DREADDs and anti-seizure medications to measure the effect on behavioral function and neurodegeneration. We found that approximately half of the CA3 neurons in the dorsal hippocampus are lost between 4 and 6 weeks after TDP-43ΔNLS induction. Neurodegeneration was preceded by selective hyperexcitability in the mossy fiber – CA3 circuit, leading us to hypothesize that glutamate excitotoxicity may be a significant contributor to neurodegeneration in this model. Interestingly, hippocampal injection of AAV encoded inhibitory DREADDs (hM4Di) and daily activation with CNO ligand rescued anxiety deficits on elevated zero maze (EZM) but did not reduce neurodegeneration. Therapeutic doses of the anti-seizure medications, valproic acid and levetiracetam, did not improve behavior or prevent neurodegeneration. These results highlight the complexity of TDP-43 - induced alterations to neuronal excitability and suggest that whereas targeting hyperexcitability can meliorate some behavioral deficits, it may not be sufficient to halt or slow neurodegeneration in TDP-43-related proteinopathies.Significance StatementCytoplasmic aggregates of TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) are the predominant pathology in over 90% of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the majority of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) cases. Understanding how TDP-43 pathology promotes neurodegeneration may lead to therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression in humans. Recent reports in mouse and cell culture models suggest loss-of-normal TDP-43 function may drive neuronal hyperexcitability, a key physiological hallmark of ALS and possible contributor to neurodegeneration. In this study, we identified region-specific hyperexcitability that precedes neurodegeneration in the inducible rNLS8 TDP-43 mouse model. Suppressing hyperexcitability with chemogenetics improved behavioral function but did not reduce hippocampal neuron loss. Anti-seizure medications had no beneficial effects suggesting directly targeting hyperexcitability may not be therapeutically effective.
BrainScale: Enabling Scalable Online Learning in Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Chaoming , Dong Xingsi , Jiang Jiedong , Ji Zilong , Liu Xiao , Wu Si 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpiking neural networks (SNNs) have been recognized as a key approach for studying brain functions and realizing neuromorphic intelligence. However, a critical obstacle hindering their widespread application is the lack of a scalable online learning algorithm capable of supporting large-scale training of complex brain dynamics over behavioral timescales. Existing training algorithms are either limited to offline learning [46], impeding behavioral task training; constrained by high memory complexity [8, 6], hindering network scaling; or use oversimplified models [82] that fail to capture the intricate brain dynamics. Here, we introduceBrainScale, which achieves scalable online learning in SNNs across three levels. First,BrainScaleaccommodates the complex brain dynamics by supporting a wide spectrum of SNNs through a streamlined abstraction of synaptic interactions. Second, leveraging the inherent properties of SNNs,BrainScalesimplifies the full gradient computation, realizing an online learning algorithm with linear memory complexity. Finally,BrainScaleprovides a program compiler that enables automatic derivation and execution of online learning computations for any user-defined model. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that compared to existing methods,BrainScalenot only enables unprecedented complex and large-scale SNN training over behavioral timescales, but also generates more biologically realistic neural activity and synaptic connectivity in brain simulation models, as well as achieves comparable or even superior performance in neuromorphic tasks. These results highlight the potential ofBrainScale-powered SNN online learning for widespread applications in brain simulation and neuromorphic computing.
Altered oral microbiota of drug-resistant organism carriers exhibit impaired gram-negative pathogen inhibition
Authors: Zelasko Susan , Swaney Mary-Hannah , Suh Won Se , Sandstrom Shelby , Carlson Caitlin , Cagnazzo Julian , Golfinos Athena , Fossen Jen , Andes David , Kalan Lindsay R. , Safdar Nasia , Currie Cameron R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe oral microbiome has been understudied as a reservoir for clinical pathogens, including drug-resistant strains. Understanding how alterations in microbiome functioning render this site vulnerable to colonization is essential, as multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) carriage is a major risk factor for developing serious infections. To advance our knowledge of oral MDRO carriage and protection against pathogen colonization conferred by native microbiota, we examined microbiomes from individuals colonized by MDROs (n=33) and non-colonized age-matched controls (n=30). Shotgun metagenomic analyses of oral swabs from study participants revealed significant differences in microbial communities with depletion ofStreptococcusspp. among those colonized by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (RGNB), compared to non-carriers. We utilized metagenomic sequencing to characterize the oral resistome and find antimicrobial resistance genes are present in higher abundance among RNGB carriers versus non-carriers. High-throughput co-culture screening revealed oral bacteria isolated from MDRO non-carriers demonstrate greater inhibition of gram-negative pathogens, compared to isolates from carriers. Moreover, biosynthetic gene clusters from streptococci are found in higher abundance from non-carrier microbiomes, compared to RGNB carrier microbiomes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts fromStreptococcusisolate SID2657 demonstrated evidence of strongE. coliandA. baumanniiinhibition in a murine model of infection. Together, this provides evidence that oral microbiota shape this dynamic microbial community and may serve as an untapped source for much-needed antimicrobial small-molecules.
Swarming bacteria exhibit developmental phase transitions to establish scattered colonies in new regions
Authors: Zdimal Amanda M. , Dio Giacomo Di , Liu Wanxiang , Aftab Tanya , Collins Taryn , Colin Remy , Shrivastava Abhishek 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe bacterial Type 9 Secretion System (T9SS) is essential for the development of periodontal diseases and Bacteroidetes gliding motility. T9SS-driven motile bacteria, abundant within the human oral microbiota, transport non-motile oral microbes and bacteriophages as cargo, shaping the spatial structure of polymicrobial communities. However, the physical rules governing the dispersal of T9SS-driven bacterial swarms are barely understood. Here, we collected time-lapse images, under anaerobic conditions, of developing swarms of a T9SS-driven microbe common to the human oral microbiota. Tracking of swarms revealed that small peripheral flares emerging from a colony develop structures that resemble fireworks displaying a chrysanthemum effect and flower-like patterns that convert to wave-like patterns and which further evolve into scattered microcolonies. Particle-image velocimetry showed density-dependent phase transitions and initial vorticity within these emerging patterns. Numerical simulations demonstrate that these patterns arise due to changes in swarm speed and alignment strength. Our data reveal a strategy used by an anaerobic swarming bacterium to control swarm behavior, resulting in scattered microcolonies distant from the mother colony, thus reducing competition for resources among colony members. This might ensure species survival even if conditions change drastically in one location of the human oral cavity.
Modeling protein-small molecule conformational ensembles with ChemNet
Authors: Anishchenko Ivan , Kipnis Yakov , Kalvet Indrek , Zhou Guangfeng , Krishna Rohith , Pellock Samuel J. , Lauko Anna , Lee Gyu Rie , An Linna , Dauparas Justas , DiMaio Frank , Baker David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModeling the conformational heterogeneity of protein-small molecule systems is an outstanding challenge. We reasoned that while residue level descriptions of biomolecules are efficient for de novo structure prediction, for probing heterogeneity of interactions with small molecules in the folded state an entirely atomic level description could have advantages in speed and generality. We developed a graph neural network called ChemNet trained to recapitulate correct atomic positions from partially corrupted input structures from the Cambridge Structural Database and the Protein Data Bank; the nodes of the graph are the atoms in the system. ChemNet accurately generates structures of diverse organic small molecules given knowledge of their atom composition and bonding, and given a description of the larger protein context, and builds up structures of small molecules and protein side chains for protein-small molecule docking. Because ChemNet is rapid and stochastic, ensembles of predictions can be readily generated to map conformational heterogeneity. In enzyme design efforts described here and elsewhere, we find that using ChemNet to assess the accuracy and pre-organization of the designed active sites results in higher success rates and higher activities; we obtain a preorganized retroaldolase with akcat/KMof 11000 M-1min- 1, considerably higher than any pre-deep learning design for this reaction. We anticipate that ChemNet will be widely useful for rapidly generating conformational ensembles of small molecule and small molecule-protein systems, and for designing higher activity preorganized enzymes.
Ferri-ionic coupling in
CuInP2S6
nanoflakes: Polarization states and controllable negative capacitance
Authors: Morozovska Anna N. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Eliseev Eugene A. , Kopyl Svitlana , Vysochanskii Yulian M. , Evans Dean R. 
Published: September 2024

We consider nanoflakes of van der Waals ferrielectric CuInP2S6 covered by an ionic surface charge and reveal the appearance of polar states with a relatively large polarization of approximately 5 µC/cm2 and stored free charge of around 10 µC/cm2, which can mimic “midgap” states associated with a surface-field-induced transfer of Cu and/or In ions in the van der Waals gap. The change in the ionic screening degree and mismatch strains induce a broad range of the transitions between paraelectric phase, antiferroelectric, ferrielectric, and ferri-ionic states in CuInP2S6 nanoflakes. The states’ stability and/or metastability is determined by the minimum of the system free energy consisting of electrostatic energy, elastic energy, and a Landau-type four-well potential of the ferrielectric dipole polarization. The possibility of governing the transitions by strain and ionic screening can be useful for controlling the tunneling barrier in thin-film devices based on CuInP2S6 nanoflakes. Additionally, we predict that the CuInP2S6 nanoflakes reveal features of the controllable negative capacitance effect, which make them attractive for advanced electronic devices, such as nanocapacitors and gate oxide nanomaterials with reduced heat generation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Predicting possible molecular states of nucleons with
Ξc
,
Ξc*
, and
Ξc′
Authors: Huo Jin-Yu , Sheng Li-Cheng , Chen Rui , Liu Xiang 
Published: September 2024

In the framework of a one-boson-exchange model, we carry out a comprehensive investigation of the ΞcN/ΛcΣ/Ξc′N/ΣcΛ/Ξc*N/Σc*Λ/ΣcΣ/Σc*Σ interactions. We consider the S−D-wave mixing effects and the coupled-channel effects to derive the relevant effective potentials. Our results can predict several possible charm-strange deuteronlike Ξc(′,*)N hexaquarks, the Ξc′N molecules with I(IP)=0(0+), 0(1+), 1(1+), the Ξc*N molecules with 0(1+), 0(2+), 1(2+), and the coupled ΞcN/Ξc′N/Ξc*N/ΣcΣ/Σc*Σ molecule with 0(1+). We expect the experiments to search for our predictions of the Ξc(′,*)N bound states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Unpacking synergistic dynamics between corporate governance and CSR – the role of stakeholder salience
Authors: Ledi Klenam Korbla , Ameza-Xemalordzo Enya Besa , Mensah Henry Kofi 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study delves into the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance while simultaneously considering stakeholder salience as a crucial boundary condition that modulates both the influence of corporate governance on CSR adoption and the impact of CSR on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was adopted, utilising a survey questionnaire to gather data from 315 manufacturing firms. The collected data were analysed using partial least squares and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study demonstrated a direct positive relationship between corporate governance and firm performance as well as an indirect positive effect mediated by corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, the study uncovered a robust positive correlation between corporate governance and CSR, strengthened by a high level of stakeholder salience.Practical implicationsFirms should consider CSR initiatives not only as ethical endeavours but also as strategic tools for enhancing performance in conjunction with sound governance practices.Originality/valueThe study goes beyond individual impacts of CSR and corporate governance on firm performance to dissect and analyse the dynamics of corporate governance and CSR interaction and how they synergistically stimulate firm performance. The study also acknowledges the complex and dynamic nature of stakeholder relationships by recognising that the effectiveness of corporate governance and CSR may be contingent on the perceived importance of stakeholders, thereby providing fresh insights into the corporate management puzzle.
Using machine learning to forecast clean energy, commodities, green bonds and ESG index prices: How important is financial stress?
Authors: Soltani Hayet , Taleb Jamila , Ben Hamadou Fatma , Boujelbène-Abbes Mouna 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study investigates clean energy, commodities, green bonds and environmental, social and governance (ESG) index prices forecasting and assesses the predictive performance of various factors on these asset prices, used for the development of a robust forecasting support decision model using machine learning (ML) techniques. More specifically, we explore the impact of the financial stress on forecasting price.Design/methodology/approachWe utilize feature selection techniques to evaluate the predictive efficacy of various factors on asset prices. Moreover, we have developed a forecasting model for these asset prices by assessing the accuracy of two ML models: specifically, the deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model. To check the robustness of the study results, the authors referred to bootstrap linear regression as an alternative traditional method for forecasting green asset prices.FindingsThe results highlight the significance of financial stress in enhancing price forecast accuracy, with the financial stress index (FSI) and panic index (PI) emerging as primary determinants. In terms of the forecasting model's accuracy, our analysis reveals that the LSTM outperformed the XGBoost model, establishing itself as the most efficient algorithm among the two tested.Practical implicationsThis research enhances comprehension, which is valuable for both investors and policymakers seeking improved price forecasting through the utilization of a predictive model.Originality/valueTo the authors' best knowledge, this marks the inaugural attempt to construct a multivariate forecasting model. Indeed, the development of a robust forecasting model utilizing ML techniques provides practical value as a decision support tool for shaping investment strategies.
Leadership internal communication and employee creativity; role of symmetrical communication, employee advocacy and proactive personality
Authors: Khalid Jamshed , Mi Chuanmin , Ashraf Muhammad Umair , Islam Md Shamimul 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between managerial supportive communication, CEO relational communication and symmetrical internal communication. It specifically investigates the mediating role of symmetrical internal communication and employee advocacy, as well as the moderating influence of proactive personality on the link between employee advocacy and employee creativity.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted involving 290 full-time employees, and a Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) statistical approach was used to assess the proposed relationships.

Findings
Both managerial supportive communication and CEO relational communication were found to be positively associated with symmetrical internal communication. Furthermore, results indicated that symmetrical internal communication and employee advocacy acted as strong mediators in the hypothesized relationships. Notably, the study also found that the impact of employee advocacy on employee creativity was significantly amplified in cases where employees exhibited a higher degree of proactive personality.

Practical implications
By emphasizing managerial supportive communication, enhancing CEO relational communication and promoting symmetrical internal communication and employee advocacy, organizations can create an environment conducive to innovation and creativity among employees. Additionally, recognizing the buffering effect of proactive personality on employee advocacy's impact on creativity enables organizations to better tailor their strategies for fostering creativity.

Originality/value
This research presents a novel contribution to the field by exploring the less-explored relationships between these critical communication factors and employee creativity. It uncovers the mediating and moderating mechanisms, shedding new light on how internal communication dynamics influence creativity. This unique approach provides an original perspective on the role of communication in promoting creativity at workplace.