bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions
Authors: Xu Wen , Song Wei , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Xuejun , Zhang Lin , Zhao Yuanhong , Liu Duanyang , Tang Aohan , Yang Daowei , Wang Dandan , Wen Zhang , Pan Yuepeng , Fowler David , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. , Erisman Jan Willem , Goulding Keith , Li Yi , Zhang Fusuo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH3, NO2 and PM2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12–35 % for NH3 and 33–59 % for NO2 in different areas of Beijing during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre- and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH3 and NO2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH3 and NOx in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. During (after) the emission control period, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (increase) of 34–72 % (50–214 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (a moderate increase) of 1–32 % (16–44 %) in emission control regions outside Beijing and an increase (decrease) of 6–16 % (−2–7 %) in non-emission-control regions of China. Integrated analysis of modelling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvement in Beijing compared with a minor contribution from favourable meteorological conditions during the Parade Blue period. These results show that controls of secondary aerosol precursors (NH3, SO2 and NOx) locally and regionally are key to curbing air pollution in Beijing and probably in other mega cities worldwide.
Enacting the contested past: conflict narratives in educational spaces
Authors: Laketa Sunčana , Suleymanova Dilyara 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The article analyzes unfoldings and enactments of narratives on a politically divisive past in educational spaces of two multi-ethnic settings – the Republic of Tatarstan and Bosnia and Herzegovina. We explore how the contested past is represented within official school curricula and how it unfolds in concrete school settings. In each case we have a historic event that is a politically divisive and contentious issue. Though one of these historical events lies far back in history (1552) and the other is more recent (1992–1995), in both cases the contested past is being silenced in the official history curricula. The paper is guided by the following question: in what ways does a past that is muted within a history curriculum continue to speak and structure the relationships of the school present? In order to answer this question, we situate our work within the literature on ethnographies of education, as well as the relatively new but burgeoning field of inquiry on emotional geographies and anthropologies of education. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in these two settings, we argue that the narratives on the violent past form and divide national communities not only through divergent views and interpretations of the historic event by the groups involved but also through strong emotional attachments to these narratives. We conclude by calling for a sustained engagement with emotions in educational settings as sites of embodiment that work to negotiate and actively rework top-down educational narratives, especially when considering the processes of identity-building through school spaces.
Rain or snow: hydrologic processes, observations, prediction, and research needs
Authors: Harpold Adrian A. , Kaplan Michael L. , Klos P. Zion , Link Timothy , McNamara James P. , Rajagopal Seshadri , Schumer Rina , Steele Caitriana M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The phase of precipitation when it reaches the ground is a first-order driver of hydrologic processes in a watershed. The presence of snow, rain, or mixed-phase precipitation affects the initial and boundary conditions that drive hydrological models. Despite their foundational importance to terrestrial hydrology, typical phase partitioning methods (PPMs) specify the phase based on near-surface air temperature only. Our review conveys the diversity of tools available for PPMs in hydrological modeling and the advancements needed to improve predictions in complex terrain with large spatiotemporal variations in precipitation phase. Initially, we review the processes and physics that control precipitation phase as relevant to hydrologists, focusing on the importance of processes occurring aloft. There is a wide range of options for field observations of precipitation phase, but there is a lack of a robust observation networks in complex terrain. New remote sensing observations have the potential to increase PPM fidelity, but generally require assumptions typical of other PPMs and field validation before they are operational. We review common PPMs and find that accuracy is generally increased at finer measurement intervals and by including humidity information. One important tool for PPM development is atmospheric modeling, which includes microphysical schemes that have not been effectively linked to hydrological models or validated against near-surface precipitation-phase observations. The review concludes by describing key research gaps and recommendations to improve PPMs, including better incorporation of atmospheric information, improved validation datasets, and regional-scale gridded data products. Two key points emerge from this synthesis for the hydrologic community: (1) current PPMs are too simple to capture important processes and are not well validated for most locations, (2) lack of sophisticated PPMs increases the uncertainty in estimation of hydrological sensitivity to changes in precipitation phase at local to regional scales. The advancement of PPMs is a critical research frontier in hydrology that requires scientific cooperation between hydrological and atmospheric modelers and field scientists.
Towards a tracer-based conceptualization of meltwater dynamics and streamflow response in a glacierized catchment
Authors: Penna Daniele , Engel Michael , Bertoldi Giacomo , Comiti Francesco 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Multiple water sources and the physiographic heterogeneity of glacierized catchments hamper a complete conceptualization of runoff response to meltwater dynamics. In this study, we used environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water and electrical conductivity) to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments, using the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps, as a pilot site. We analysed the controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of the tracer signature in the main stream, its selected tributaries, shallow groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt over a 3-year period. We found that stream water electrical conductivity and isotopic composition showed consistent patterns in snowmelt-dominated periods, whereas the streamflow contribution of glacier melt altered the correlations between the two tracers. By applying two- and three-component mixing models, we quantified the seasonally variable proportion of groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt at different locations along the stream. We provided four model scenarios based on different tracer signatures of the end-members; the highest contributions of snowmelt to streamflow occurred in late spring–early summer and ranged between 70 and 79 %, according to different scenarios, whereas the largest inputs by glacier melt were observed in mid-summer, and ranged between 57 and 69 %. In addition to the identification of the main sources of uncertainty, we demonstrated how a careful sampling design is critical in order to avoid underestimation of the meltwater component in streamflow. The results of this study supported the development of a conceptual model of streamflow response to meltwater dynamics in the Saldur catchment, which is likely valid for other glacierized catchments worldwide.
Climate change threatens archaeologically significant ice patches: insights into their age, internal structure, mass balance and climate sensitivity
Authors: Ødegård Rune Strand , Nesje Atle , Isaksen Ketil , Andreassen Liss Marie , Eiken Trond , Schwikowski Margit , Uglietti Chiara 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Despite numerous spectacular archaeological discoveries worldwide related to melting ice patches and the emerging field of glacial archaeology, governing processes related to ice patch development during the Holocene and their sensitivity to climate change are still largely unexplored. Here we present new results from an extensive 6-year (2009–2015) field experiment at the Juvfonne ice patch in Jotunheimen in central southern Norway. Our results show that the ice patch has existed continuously since the late Mesolithic period. Organic-rich layers and carbonaceous aerosols embedded in clear ice show ages spanning from modern at the surface to ca. 7600 cal years BP at the bottom. This is the oldest dating of ice in mainland Norway. The expanding ice patch covered moss mats appearing along the margin of Juvfonne about 2000 years ago. During the study period, the mass balance record showed a strong negative balance, and the annual balance is highly asymmetric over short distances. Snow accumulation is poorly correlated with estimated winter precipitation, and single storm events may contribute significantly to the total winter balance. Snow accumulation is approx. 20 % higher in the frontal area compared to the upper central part of the ice patch. There is sufficient meltwater to bring the permeable snowpack to an isothermal state within a few weeks in early summer. Below the seasonal snowpack, ice temperatures are between −2 and −4 °C. Juvfonne has clear ice stratification of isochronic origin.
Actores y escenarios en la re-formulación de la política de ciencia tecnología e innovación en Nicaragua
Authors: Lopez Mario Ramon 
Published: January 2017

El objetivo del artículo es mostrar la constelación de actores y sus correlaciones de fuerzas para la construcción o reformulación de la Política de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en Nicaragua. Se ha utilizado la investigación documental y análisis histórico aplicando el software de investigación cualitativa MAXQDA. El proceso de formación y diseño de política de innovación en el país acusa un lento proceso de implementación y el aprendizaje empírico proveniente iniciativas de innovación implementadas esporádicamente hasta el año 2016 no realimentan la nueva formulación de política. Las experiencias de innovación hasta ahora encapsuladas en el país requieren un escalamiento y su potencial para aprender de las fuentes de innovación en el estado actual de proceso de innovación en Nicaragua es clave para la formación de políticas. También se ha encontrado que el país hay una “ruido” conceptual sobre innovación, y sistemas de innovación y los actores no llegan aun a establecer un conceso para la construcción de la política de CTI de Nicaragua y del sistema nacional de innovación (SNI). Se concluye que el modelo gubernamental de crear dialogo, consenso y alianza es una oportunidad a tomar por los actores involucrados
Factores económicos y sociales que inciden en el comercio informal del mercado Israel Lewites, Managua
Authors: Aburto Espinoza José Bismark 
Published: January 2017

El estudio pretende analizar los factores económicos y sociales que inciden en el crecimiento del comercio informal en el mercado Israel Lewites de Managua. Es una investigación descriptiva. Entre las causas principales del crecimiento del comercio informal en el Mercado Israel Lewites están la carencia de empleo fijo, falta de experiencia laboral, matrimonio y maternidades precoces, discriminación en el caso de las mujeres, la educación es el factor más importante, ya que se ha identificado que la mayoría de las personas no lograron terminar los estudios de secundaria.
Nicaragua Indicadores demográficos, estimaciones 2016
Authors: Canales Ricardo José , Morales Rivas Oliver 
Published: January 2017

El estudio se basa en la estimación de los principales indicadores demográficos de Nicaragua. Es un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Los indicadores corresponden al año 2016. Índices de Friz y Burgdöfer indica que la población en Nicaragua es relativamente joven, la edad media es de 23 años y la mediana de 19 años. Por cada persona activa a punto de salir, hay 6 personas a punto de entrar que lo reemplazara. Existen 6 personas que pueden hacerse cargo de una persona mayor de 65 años
CRÉDITOS
Authors: Schules Marcos Vinicios 
Published: January 2017

Revista Latino-Americana de Inovaçãoe Engenharia de Produçãowww.relainep.ufpr.brUniversidade Federal do Paraná - UFPRPós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção (PPGEP)Setor de Tecnologia — Centro PolitécnicoAv. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/nJardim das Américas, CEP: 812.531-90Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
Avaliação da qualidade de juntas coladas de seis espécies de madeiras tropicais da amazônia.
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Bila Narciso Fernando , Trianoski Rosilani , Prata José Guilherme 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a massa específica aparente, extrativos e a qualidade de juntas coladas de seis espécies de madeiras tropicais da Amazônia. As espécies estudadas foram Protium puncticulatum J.F. Macbr (Breu vermelho), Eschweilera coriácea (DC.) S.A. Mori (Piaozinho), Manilkara amazônica (Huber.) Standley (Abiurana), Inga paraensis Ducke (Inga vermelho), Eschweilera odora (Poepp.) Miers (Mata-Matá) e Byrsonima crispa Juss (Murici). A colagem foi realizada com os adesivos acetato de polivinila (PVAc) e Emulsão polimérica de isocianato (EPI) em gramaturas de 120 e 200 g/m2. Os ensaios de cisalhamento da linha de cola e percentual de falhas na madeira foram realizados segundo as normas CEN/TS 13354:2003 e ABNT-NBR ISO 12466-1:2006, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que todas as espécies estudadas apresentam alta massa específica aparente e teor de extrativos totais de acordo com a literatura. Para as juntas coladas com adesivo PVAc, as madeiras de Eschweilera coriácea e Manilkara amazonica apresentaram melhores resultados de cisalhamento. Para as juntas coladas com adesivo EPI, os melhores resultados foram obtidos para madeiras de Protium puncticulatum, Eschweilera coriácea, Inga paraensis e Eschweilera odora. O adesivo EPI apresentou melhores resultados em relação ao PVAc. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre as duas gramaturas empregadas. Com base nos requisítos mínimos estabelecidos pela norma CEN/TS 13354:2003, as espécies estudadas apresentaram potencial para produção de painéis EGP colados com adesivo EPI.
FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO CRESCIMENTO E QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE CANAFÍSTULA (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.)
Authors: Dutra Tiago Reis , Massad Marília Dutra , Sarmento Mateus Felipe Quintino , Matos Priscila Silva , Oliveira Jéssica Costa de 
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e qualidade de mudas de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub.) em resposta à aplicação de diferentes doses e formulações do fertilizante de liberação lenta (FLL) Osmocote®. O trabalho foi conduzido no Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Florestais do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (Campus Salinas). Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo estudado o efeito de duas formulações de Osmocote® (15-09-12 com liberação de 5 à 6 meses; e 19-06-10 com liberação de 3 à 4 meses) e cinco dosagens dos mesmos (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 g dm-3). Foram avaliados: altura, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca parte aérea, raiz e total, além das relações altura/diâmetro do coleto, altura/massa seca parte aérea, massa seca parte aérea/massa seca raiz e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. As mudas de canafístula responderam positivamente ao uso do FLL Osmocote®, apresentando melhores resultados de crescimento e padrão de qualidade sob doses entre 4,5 a 8,2 g dm-3. A formulação com tempo de liberação de 3 à 4 meses foi capaz de proporcionar a produção de mudas Peltophorum dubium com padrão superior de desenvolvimento.
Viral Infection of the Heart: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis
Authors: KUFFNER MATEUSZ , PAWLAK AGNIESZKA , PRZYBYLSKI MACIEJ 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Viral infections of the heart cause serious clinical problems, either as infectious myocarditis, which usually is a consequence of acute infection or as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting rather from a chronic infection. This minireview presents an up-to-date view on patho- mechanisms of viral infection of the heart tissues, the role of immune system in controlling infectious process at its various stages and current possibilities of recognizing viral infection of the heart with use of both cardiological and virological methods. Our goal was to present the variety of known viral agents causing heart infection, level of complexity in mutual virus-cell interactions, and consequent clinical scenarios.
Gas Gangrene of Different Origin Associated with Clostridium perfringens Type A in Three Patients Simultaneously Hospitalized in a Single Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Poland
Authors: BRZYCHCZY-WŁOCH MONIKA , OCHOŃSKA DOROTA , PIOTROWSKA ANNA , BULANDA MAŁGORZATA 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of phenotypic and genetic similarity, determination of resistance profiles, detection of toxin-encoding genes and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens isolates originating from patients with gas gangrene. The study encompassed three patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene who were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province in the same period of time between 8th April 2015 and 20th April 2015. The three C. perfrin- gens isolates studied had identical biochemical profiles. Two isolates had identical resistance patterns, while the third presented a different profile. Using the multiplex PCR method, all isolates showed the presence of cpa gene encoding α-toxin; furthermore, the presence of the cpb2 gene encoding β2-toxin was confirmed in two isolates. Genotyping with the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated that the isolates originating from the three studied patients represent three genetically different restrictive patterns which corresponded to three different clones – clone A, clone B and clone C. As a result of the study, it is possible to conclude that the studied patients simultaneously hospitalized in a single Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology developed three different endogenous infections.
Study of Acid Phosphatase in Solubilization of Inorganic Phosphates by Piriformospora indica
Authors: SWETHA SESHAGIRI , PADMAVATHI TALLAPRAGADA 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential plant macronutrient present in the soil. Only a small portion of phosphorus in soil is taken up by plants and the rest of it becomes unavailable to plants as it is immobilized. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms play a vital role in converting the insoluble form of phosphates to the soluble form. The present paper reports the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate, rock phosphate, single super phosphate, zinc phosphate and aluminum phosphate by Piriformospora indica with the production of organic acids as well as acid phosphatase. The amount of phosphate released (4.73 mg ml–1) and titratable acidity (0.12%) was found to be the highest in the case of single super phosphate as compared to other phosphate sources. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of oxalic acid, lactic acid, citric acid and succinic acid in the media. Highest phosphatase activity was observed with the cell membrane extract of the organism in the presence of zinc phosphate.
Characterization of Endolithic Culturable Microbial Communities in Carbonate Rocks from a Typical Karst Canyon in Guizhou (China)
Authors: TANG YUAN , CHENG JIAN-ZHONG , LIAN BIN 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The endolithic environment is a ubiquitous habitat for microorganisms and a critical interface between biology and geology. In this study, a culture-based method and the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to investigate the diversity of endolithic bacteria and fungi in two main types of carbonate rocks (namely dolomite and limestone) from Nanjiang Canyon in Guizhou karst area, China. The results of bacterial diversity indicated that all bacteria isolated from dolomite and limestone rocks were divided into 4 bacterial groups, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. For these two kinds of rocks, Proteobacteria was the first dominant group, and Gammaproteobacteria occupied the greatest proportion which might be closely related to Pseudomonas in phylogeny to be the most dominant genera after isolation. Actinobacteria and Bacillus bacteria were also widespread in these two kinds of rock environments. There were only 9 and 8 strains of fungi isolated from dolomite and limestone respectively, which all belonged to Ascomycota. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on diversity of endolithic culturable bacteria and fungi in carbonate rocks in Guizhou karst region. These microorganisms may play an important and unprecedented role in the carbonate rock weathering during the long history of geological evolution.
High Seroprevalence of CMV Among Women of Childbearing Age Implicates High Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Poland
Authors: SIENNICKA JOANNA , DUNAL-SZCZEPANIAK MILENA , TRZCIŃSKA AGNIESZKA , GODZIK PAULINA , ROSIŃSKA MAGDALENA 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses are common worldwide, with variable frequency of infections. The infection in pregnancy may lead to pregnancy loss or serious sequelae for the child. To understand the risk posed by CMV in Poland we conducted cross-sectional study on women aged 15–49 basing on existing serum bank. Age dependent CMV incidence, the rates of congenital infection and sequelae were modelled from sero-prevalence, literature and demographic data. The overall anti-CMV IgG prevalence was 81.9% increasing from 74.3% in < 30 years old to 94.3% in subjects 45+ years old. The lowest incidence was estimated at the age of 15 and the highest at the age 34 (3.8 and 8.95 respec- tively/100 women/year). The estimated rate of cCMV varies from 22.4 to 37.2 per 1000 live birth depending on the assumptions made. The proportion of cases due to secondary infection ranged from 34.8% to 49.9% accordingly.