bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Research Findings from Journeys Home: Longitudinal Study of Factors Affecting Housing Stability
Authors: Ribar David C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractJourneys Home: Longitudinal Study of Factors Affecting Housing Stability is a national, six‐wave survey of 1,682 disadvantaged Australians who were either homeless or at risk of homelessness. This article summarises findings from more than a dozen initial studies that have conducted multivariate analyses of the survey to investigate the causes and consequences of homelessness and other outcomes. Although homelessness is strongly correlated with many social problems, the multivariate studies that adjust for conditions that co‐occur with homelessness have found far fewer associations. The studies indicate that the experiences and circumstances of homelessness are complex, with different surrounding conditions, durations and paths into and out of homelessness.
Two‐Stage Residual Inclusion Estimation in Health Services Research and Health Economics
Authors: Terza Joseph V. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesEmpirical analyses in health services research and health economics often require implementation of nonlinear models whose regressors include one or more endogenous variables—regressors that are correlated with the unobserved random component of the model. In such cases, implementation of conventional regression methods that ignore endogeneity will likely produce results that are biased and not causally interpretable. Terza et al. (2008) discuss a relatively simple estimation method that avoids endogeneity bias and is applicable in a wide variety of nonlinear regression contexts. They call this method two‐stage residual inclusion (2SRI). In the present paper, I offer a 2SRI how‐to guide for practitioners and a step‐by‐step protocol that can be implemented with any of the popular statistical or econometric software packages.Study DesignWe introduce the protocol and its Stata implementation in the context of a real data example. Implementation of 2SRI for a very broad class of nonlinear models is then discussed. Additional examples are given.Empirical ApplicationWe analyze cigarette smoking as a determinant of infant birthweight using data from Mullahy (1997).ConclusionIt is hoped that the discussion will serve as a practical guide to implementation of the 2SRI protocol for applied researchers.
The effect of sintering atmosphere and C/U on UCO microspheres by internal gelation process with carbon black
Authors: Sun Xi , Deng Changsheng , Li Ziqiang , Ma Jingtao , Liu Bing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUCO ceramic microspheres were fabricated by combination of internal gelation and carbothermic reduction process. The effects of the sintering atmosphere and C/U ratio on the UCO ceramic microspheres were studied. The composition, surface morphology, and microstructure of the sintered UCO ceramic microspheres were analyzed. The results indicated that increasing CO concentration in the sintering atmosphere could slow down the rate of the carbothermic reduction, and when the concentration of CO increased to 20% or above, CO could inhibit the reaction, and the microstructure of the sintered microspheres changed obviously and became loose. With the increase in C/U ratio in the broth, some residual carbon would exist in the sintered microspheres due to large size of the carbon particles. The increase in C/U did not cause the reduction in the crush strength and geometrical density of the microspheres. When the C/U was above 2.5, dense and strong UCO ceramic microspheres were produced in argon containing 5% CO at 1680°C.
Autonomic nervous system modulation and clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation using the second‐generation cryoballoon
Authors: Miyazaki Shinsuke , Nakamura Hiroaki , Taniguchi Hiroshi , Hachiya Hitoshi , Kajiyama Takatsugu , Watanabe Tomonori , Igarashi Miyako , Ichijo Sadamitsu , Hirao Kenzo , Iesaka Yoshito 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a significant role in atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms. This study evaluated the incidence and impact of intraprocedural vagal reactions and ANS modulation by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using second‐generation cryoballoons on outcomes.MethodsOne hundred three paroxysmal AF patients underwent PVI with one 28‐mm second‐generation balloon. The median follow‐up was 15.0 (12.0–18.0) months. ANS modulation was defined as a >20% cycle length decrease on 3‐minute resting electrocardiograms at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postindex procedure relative to baseline if sinus rhythm was maintained.ResultsMarked sinus arrests/bradycardia and atrioventricular block (intraprocedural vagal reaction) occurred in 14 and 2 patients, and all sinus arrest/bradycardia occurred in 44 patients with left superior pulmonary veins (PVs) targeted before right PVs. ANS modulation was identified in 66 of 95 (69.5%) patients, and it persisted 12‐month postprocedure in 36 (37.9%) patients. Additional β‐blocker administration was required in 9 patients for sinus tachycardia. ANS modulation was similarly observed in patients with and without intraprocedural vagal reactions (P = 0.443). Forty‐eight (46.6%) patients experienced early recurrences, and the single procedure success at 12 months was 72.7%. Neither intraprocedural vagal reactions nor ANS modulation predicted AF freedom within or after the blanking period. Thirty‐three patients underwent second procedures, and reconnections were detected in 39 of 130 (30.0%) PVs among 23 (69.7%) patients. The incidence of reconnections was similar in patients with and without ANS modulation.ConclusionsIncreased heart rate persisted in 37.9% of patients even at 12‐month post‐second‐generation cryoballoon PVI. Neither intraprocedural vagal reactions nor increased heart rate predicted a single procedure clinical outcome.
Effect of Dexamethasone and Fluticasone on Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Horses With Inflammatory Airway Disease
Authors: Léguillette R. , Tohver T. , Bond S.L. , Nicol J.A. , McDonald K.J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAirway hyperresponsiveness (AWHR), expressed as hypersensitivity (PC75RL) or hyperreactivity (slope of the histamine dose‐response curve), is a feature of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) or mild equine asthma in horses. Glucocorticoids are used empirically to treatIAD.ObjectivesTo determine whether dexamethasone (DEX) (0.05 mg/kgIMq24h) and inhaled fluticasone (FLUT) (3,000 μg q12h) administered by inhalation are effective in decreasing AWHR, lung inflammation, and clinical signs in horses withIAD.MethodsA randomized crossover study design was used. Eight horses withIADwere assigned to a treatment group with eitherDEXorFLUT. Measured outcomes included lung mechanics during bronchoprovocative challenges, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and scoring of clinical signs during exercise.ResultsDexamethasone andFLUTabolished the increase inRLby 75% at any histamine bronchoprovocative dose in all horses after the first week of treatment. However, after 2 weeks ofFLUTtreatment, 1 horse redeveloped hypersensitivity. There was a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes after treatment with bothDEXandFLUT(P= .039 for both) but no significant differences in otherBALFcell types or total cell counts (P> .05). There was no difference in the scoring of the clinical signs during each treatment and washout period (P> .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBothDEXandFLUTtreatments significantly inhibit airway hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity in horses withIAD. There are no significant effects on the clinical signs or the number of inflammatory cells (except lymphocytes) inBALF. The treatments have no residual effect 3 weeks after discontinuation.
Disturbance‐mediated Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom (CHAB) formation in a small Ohio reservoir
Authors: Ruhl Nathan , Sullivan Nicole 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CHABs) in lentic waterbodies are becoming increasingly common because of climate change, changes in water usage and eutrophication. This study provides observational evidence that CHAB formation in a small Ohio reservoir (Lake Hope) is associated with metalimnetic disturbance during the summer months. Disturbance via lotic interflow may result in the appearance of CHABs in lentic habitats, with cyanobacterial maxima in the metalimnion.
Permanent His bundle pacing: Electrophysiological and echocardiographic observations from long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Dandamudi Gopi , Lustgarten Daniel , Ellenbogen Kenneth A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPermanent His bundle pacing (HBP) is a physiological alternative to right ventricular pacing. It is not known whether HBP can cause His‐Purkinje conduction (HPC) disease. The aim of our study is to assess His bundle capture and its effect on left ventricular (LV) function in long‐term follow‐up and to determine HPC at the time of pulse generator change (GC) in patients with chronic HBP.MethodsHB electrograms were recorded from the pacing lead at implant and GC. HBP QRS duration (QRSd), His‐ventricular (HV) intervals, and HB pacing thresholds at GC were compared with implant measurements. HPC was assessed by pacing at cycle lengths of 700 ms, 600 ms, and 500 ms at GC. LV internal diameters, ejection fraction (EF), and valve dysfunction at baseline were compared with echocardiography during follow‐up.ResultsGC was performed in 20 patients (men 13; age 74 ± 14 years) with HBP at 70 ± 24 months postimplant. HV intervals remained unchanged from initial implant (44 ± 4 ms vs 45 ± 4 ms). During HBP at 700 ms, 600 ms, and 500 ms (n = 17), consistent 1:1 HPC was present. HBP QRSd remained unchanged during follow‐up (117 ± 20 ms vs 118 ± 23 ms). HBP threshold at implant and GC was 1.9 ± 1.1 V and 2.5 ± 1.2 V @ 0.5 ms. Despite high pacing burden (77 ± 13%), there was no significant change in LVEF (50 ± 14% at implant) during follow‐up (55 ± 6%, P = 0.06).ConclusionsHBP does not appear to cause new HPC abnormalities and is associated with stable HBP QRSd during long‐term follow‐up. Despite high pacing burden, HBP did not result in deterioration of left ventricular systolic function or cause new valve dysfunction.
The 45 years of foreign direct investment research: Approaches, advances and analytical areas
Authors: Paul Justin , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhat are the main tenets associated with foreign direct investment (FDI)? What research has been performed in the area of FDI to date? Which direction should research in this field proceed in the days to come? As there is no article with comprehensive coverage of all the studies on FDI, we review empirical research in this area between the years 1970 and 2014 as an attempt to answer these questions. We identify the advances and analytical areas of FDI research, list out the impactful research papers and authors, theoretical and methodological approaches, leading journals and variables of interest that exist in the area of FDI research. As the research into the FDI has advanced significantly over the last two decades, we have also tried to point out the gaps in the literature. Taken together, our paper highlights the heterogeneous nature of FDI across countries and firms.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Johnson Patricia 
Published: June 2017

Studies in Media and Communication (SMC) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SMC publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 1Andreas Veglis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAntonio García Gómez, University of Alcalá de Henares, SpainAslı Sezgin, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TurkeyBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainBernard Naledzani Rasila, University of Venda, South AfricaCamelia Cmeciu, Danubius University of Galati, RomaniaCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainChristos Giannoulis, University of the Aegean, GreeceDorina Ticu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, RomaniaJavier Serrano Puche, University of Navarra, SpainJenny-Ann Danell, Umea University, SwedenKaterina Diamantaki, University of Ioannina, GreeceKunle Olufemi Aramide, The Polytechnic Ibadan, NigeriaNdoma Brown, Michigan Technological University, NigeriaPhilemon Bantimaroudis, University of the Aegean, GreeceRefat Aljumily, Newcastle University, UKSheila Pontis, University of the Arts London, USASimone Tosoni, Catholic University of Milan, ItalyXin Shuai, Indiana University Bloomington, ChinaYi Luo, Montclair State University, USAYoung Joon Lim, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USA Patricia JohnsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Studies in Media and CommunicationRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://smc.redfame.com
Randomised trial of mitral valve repair with leaflet resection versus leaflet preservation on functional mitral stenosis (The CAMRA CardioLink-2 Trial)
Authors: Chan Vincent , Chu Michael W A , Leong-Poi Howard , Latter David A , Hall Judith , Thorpe Kevin E , de Varennes Benoit E , Quan Adrian , Tsang Wendy , Dhingra Natasha , Yared Kibar , Teoh Hwee , Chu F Victor , Chan Kwan-Leung , Mesana Thierry G , Connelly Kim A , Ruel Marc , Jüni Peter , Mazer C David , Verma Subodh 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe gold-standard treatment of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to degenerative disease is valve repair, which is surgically performed with either a leaflet resection or leaflet preservation approach. Recent data suggest that functional mitral stenosis (MS) may occur following valve repair using a leaflet resection strategy, which adversely affects patient prognosis. A randomised comparison of these two approaches to mitral repair on functional MS has not been conducted.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre randomised controlled trial designed to test the hypothesis that leaflet preservation leads to better preservation of mitral valve geometry, and therefore, will be superior to leaflet resection for the primary outcome of functional MS as assessed by 12-month mean mitral valve gradient at peak exercise. Eighty-eight patients with posterior leaflet prolapse will be randomised intraoperatively once deemed by the operating surgeon to feasibly undergo mitral repair using either a leaflet resection or leaflet preservation approach. Secondary end points include comparison of repair strategies with regard to mitral valve orifice area, leaflet coaptation height, 6 min walk test and a composite major adverse event end point consisting of recurrent MR ≥2+, death or hospital readmission for congestive heart failure within 12 months of surgery.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional ethics approval has been obtained from all enrolling sites. Overall, there remains clinical equipoise regarding the mitral valve repair strategy that is associated with the least likelihood of functional MS. This trial hopes to introduce high-quality evidence to help surgical decision making in this context.Trial registration numberNCT02552771.
Healthcare costs of asthma comorbidities: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ferkh Karim El , Nwaru Bright I , Griffiths Chris , Patel Anita , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAsthma is associated with many comorbid conditions that have the potential to impact on its management, control and outcomes. These comorbid conditions have the potential to impact on healthcare expenditure. We plan to undertake a systematic review to synthesise the evidence on the healthcare costs associated with asthma comorbidity.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search the following electronic databases between January 2000 and January 2017: National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database, Google Scholar, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Global Health, PsychINFO, Medline, Embase, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. We will search the references in the identified studies for additional potential papers. Additional literature will be identified by contacting experts in the field and through searching of registers of ongoing studies. The review will include cost-effectiveness and economic modelling/evaluation studies and analytical observational epidemiology studies that have investigated the healthcare costs of asthma comorbidity. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract relevant data from included studies. Methodological quality of epidemiological studies will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool, while that of economic evaluation studies will be assessed using the Drummond checklist. This protocol has been published in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (No. CRD42016051005).Ethics and disseminationAs there are no primary data collected, formal NHS ethical review is not necessary. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPEROregistration numberCRD42016051005.
Effect of age, diet, and tissue type on PCr response to creatine supplementation
Authors: Solis Marina Yazigi , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Otaduy Maria Concepción García , Leite Claudia da Costa , Arruda Walquiria , Veiga Raquel Ramos , Gualano Bruno 
Published: June 2017

Creatine/phosphorylcreatine (PCr) responses to creatine supplementation may be modulated by age, diet, and tissue, but studies assessing this possibility are lacking. Therefore we aimed to determine whether PCr responses vary as a function of age, diet, and tissue. Fifteen children, 17 omnivorous and 14 vegetarian adults, and 18 elderly individuals (“elderly”) participated in this study. Participants were given placebo and subsequently creatine (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1) for 7 days in a single-blind fashion. PCr was measured through phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in muscle and brain. Creatine supplementation increased muscle PCr in children ( P < 0.0003) and elderly ( P < 0.001), whereas the increase in omnivores did not reach statistically significant difference ( P = 0.3348). Elderly had greater PCr increases than children and omnivores ( P < 0.0001 for both), whereas children experienced greater PCr increases than omnivores ( P = 0.0022). In relation to diet, vegetarians ( P < 0.0001), but not omnivores, had significant increases in muscle PCr content. Brain PCr content was not affected by creatine supplementation in any group, and delta changes in brain PCr (−0.7 to +3.9%) were inferior to those in muscle PCr content (+10.3 to +27.6%; P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). PCr responses to a standardized creatine protocol (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 for 7 days) may be affected by age, diet, and tissue. Whereas creatine supplementation was able to increase muscle PCr in all groups, although to different extents, brain PCr was shown to be unresponsive overall. These findings demonstrate the need to tailor creatine protocols to optimize creatine/PCr accumulation both in muscle and in brain, enabling a better appreciation of the pleiotropic properties of creatine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A standardized creatine supplementation protocol (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 for 7 days) effectively increased muscle, but not brain, phosphorylcreatine. Older participants responded better than younger participants whereas vegetarians responded better than omnivores. Responses to supplementation are thus dependent on age, tissue, and diet. This suggests that a single “universal” protocol, originally designed for increasing muscle creatine in young individuals, may lead to heterogeneous muscle responses in different populations or even no responses in tissues other than skeletal muscle.
Translational Genomics: Practical Applications of the Genomic Revolution in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yates Lucy R. , Desmedt Christine 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The genomic revolution has fundamentally changed our perception of breast cancer. It is now apparent from DNA-based massively parallel sequencing data that at the genomic level, every breast cancer is unique and shaped by the mutational processes to which it was exposed during its lifetime. More than 90 breast cancer driver genes have been identified as recurrently mutated, and many occur at low frequency across the breast cancer population. Certain cancer genes are associated with traditionally defined histologic subtypes, but genomic intertumoral heterogeneity exists even between cancers that appear the same under the microscope. Most breast cancers contain subclonal populations, many of which harbor driver alterations, and subclonal structure is typically remodeled over time, across metastasis and as a consequence of treatment interventions. Genomics is deepening our understanding of breast cancer biology, contributing to an accelerated phase of targeted drug development and providing insights into resistance mechanisms. Genomics is also providing tools necessary to deliver personalized cancer medicine, but a number of challenges must still be addressed. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2630–9. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Breast Cancer Research: From Base Pairs to Populations.”
Breast Cancer Disparities at Home and Abroad: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities for System-Level Change
Authors: Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Anderson Benjamin O. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Sizeable disparities exist in breast cancer outcomes, both between Black and White patients in the United States, and between patients in the United States and other high-income countries compared with low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In both settings, health system factors are key drivers of disparities. In the United States, Black women are more likely to die of breast cancer than Whites and have poorer outcomes, even among patients with similar stage and tumor subtype. Over-representation of higher risk “triple-negative” breast cancers contributes to breast cancer mortality in Black women; however, the greatest survival disparities occur within the good-prognosis hormone receptor–positive (HR+) subtypes. Disparities in access to treatment within the complex U.S. health system may be responsible for a substantial portion of these differences in survival. In LMICs, breast cancer mortality rates are substantially higher than in the United States, whereas incidence continues to rise. This mortality burden is largely attributable to health system factors, including late-stage presentation at diagnosis and lack of availability of systemic therapy. This article will review the existing evidence for how health system factors in the United States contribute to breast cancer disparities, discuss methods for studying the relationship of health system factors to racial disparities, and provide examples of health system interventions that show promise for mitigating breast cancer disparities. We will then review evidence of global breast cancer disparities in LMICs, the treatment factors that contribute to these disparities, and actions being taken to combat breast cancer disparities around the world. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2655–64. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Breast Cancer Research: From Base Pairs to Populations.”