bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit with a Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System for Refrigerated Truck Application
Authors: Venkataraman V. , Pacek A. W. , Steinberger‐Wilckens R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractModeling studies have been carried out to investigate coupling of an solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit (SOFC APU) with a small scale NH3–H2O based vapour absorption refrigeration system (VARS) for a refrigerated truck/trailer application, by using hot cathode exhaust from the SOFC stack to drive the VARS. A bottom up design and modeling approach has been adopted where the end requirements, cooling load in this case, are identified first followed by upstream modeling of the SOFC and VARS unit. This approach enables design of system/components to meet the desired end requirements rather than compromise or fall short of the desired goal.Initial modeling results show that it is indeed possible to couple an SOFC with a VARS on a small scale (< 10 kW cooling load) for the refrigerated truck application. As this novel strategy utilizes both heat and power from the SOFC it promises a higher total efficiency up to 80% and also removes a significant part of the load from the main diesel engine, thereby leaving the engine to carry out the task of only propelling the vehicle. The excess electrical power from the SOFC could also be used to charge the vehicle batteries.
SOCS3 induces neurite differentiation and promotes neuronal cell survival
Authors: Mishra Kanchan Kumar , Gupta Sakshi , Banerjee Kakoli 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCytokines and growth factors play an important role in neuronal survival as well as cell death. The family of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins, which includes SOCS1‐7 and cytokine‐induced suppressor (CIS), has been shown to act as negative regulators of cytokine‐induced signalling. In this report, we highlight the role of SOCS3 in regulating neuronal differentiation and survival. We observed increased SOCS3 expression upon differentiation of PC12 cells as well as neural stem cells. SOCS3 overexpression upregulated differentiation of both neural stem cells and PC12 cells even in the absence of NGF, as evidenced by enhanced neurite outgrowth and upregulation of GAP43, marker associated with neurite outgrowth. siRNA‐mediated silencing of SOCS3 confirmed the potential role of SOCS3 in neuritogenesis. We observed that, SOCS3‐induced neurite differentiation was mediated via the PI3 kinase pathway. Another interesting observation was that SOCS3 overexpression promoted neuronal cell survival under H2O2‐mediated stress indicating its fundamental role in cell survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that SOCS3 promotes differentiation and survival of neural cells and could be potentially useful in future therapy for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(6):468–476, 2016
SERS and integrative imaging upon internalization of quantum dots into human oral epithelial cells
Authors: Cepeda‐Pérez Elisa , López‐Luke Tzarara , Plascencia‐Villa Germán , Perez‐Mayen Leonardo , Ceja‐Fdez Andrea , Ponce Arturo , Vivero‐Escoto Juan , de la Rosa Elder 
Published: April 2016

CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in bio‐applications due to their size and highly efficient optical properties. However internalization mechanisms thereof for the variety of freshly extracted, not cultivated human cells and their specific molecular interactions remains an open topic for discussion. In this study, we assess the internalization mechanism of CdTe quantum dots (3.3 nm) capped with thioglycolic acid using non cultivated oral epithelial cells obtained from healthy donors. Naked gold nanoparticles (40 nm) were successfully used as nanosensors for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy to efficiently identify characteristic Raman peaks, providing new evidence indicating that the first interactions of these QDs with epithelial cells occurred preferentially with aromatic rings and amine groups of amino acid residues and glycans from trans‐membrane proteins and cytoskeleton. Using an integrative combination of advanced imaging techniques, including ultra‐high resolution SEM, high resolution STEM coupled with EDX spectroscopy together with the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy, it was determined that thioglycolic acid capped CdTe QDs are efficiently internalized into freshly extracted oral epithelial cells only by facilitated diffusion, distributed into cytoplasm and even within the cell nucleus in three minutes.
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Canakinumab in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Sun Haiying , Van Linh M. , Floch David , Jiang Xuemin , Klein Ulf R. , Abrams Ken , Sunkara Gangadhar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe characterization of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties in pediatric patients is essential in supporting the recommended dosage of canakinumab in the relevant population. Here the PK and PD properties of canakinumab—a monoclonal antibody—in pediatric patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) are presented. Blood samples were obtained from 4 phase 2/3 clinical studies in patients with SJIA. Canakinumab PK properties and total interleukin (IL)‐1β kinetic properties were characterized by a population‐based PK‐binding model. On administration, canakinumab increased total IL‐1β complex in SJIA patients. Canakinumab clearance and volume of distribution were not impacted by age in pediatric patients after correction for the patient's body weight. The estimated serum clearance of canakinumab was 0.106 ± 0.00689 L/day, with a corresponding volume of distribution at steady state of 3.2 L and an estimated half‐life of 22 days, based on a model typical body weight of 33 kg. Body‐weight–based dosing provided comparable canakinumab exposure across the age groups in patients 2 to <20 years with SJIA. In younger children, a modest increase in the turnover rate of IL‐1β was observed. Compared to other indications, IL‐1β production rate was higher and clearance was slower in patients with SJIA. Low immunogenicity incidence of 3.1% was observed, and none of the patients had neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, the PK/PD findings further support dose selection of canakinumab in patients with SJIA.
Training Professionals and Eroding Relationships: Donors, Aids Care and Development in Urban Zambia
Authors: Patterson Amy S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDriven by the goal of sustaining programmes, donors that seek to combat AIDS have promoted trainings and income‐generating projects for volunteers who care for people living with HIV. This article uses focus group discussions, interviews and participant observation conducted in 2011 among urban Zambian churches to question the effects of these projects for ‘good care’ or relationships rooted in reciprocity, empathy and trust, values that scholars claim foster development capabilities. It compares two church AIDS care programmes with linkages to donors with two without such ties. It finds that all caregivers were motivated by perceived benefits from the ‘AIDS industry’ or the thousands of AIDS projects in Zambia. Groups with donor linkages were more professional, although their caregivers faced more time constraints and patronage expectations, factors that eroded empathy and trust and problematised building development capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revised drought index based on precipitation and pan evaporation
Authors: Li Binquan , Liang Zhongmin , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Guoqing 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDrought episode identification and its severity characterization are crucial to evaluate and reduce the risk of drought disaster. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) with two different potential evapotranspiration formulations, i.e. the Thornthwaite and Penman–Monteith equations, (denoted asSPEI‐Th andSPEI‐Pm, respectively) are two popular drought indices used today. These twoSPEIversions have the limitations of overestimation of drought (as a response to global warming) and high data requirements, respectively. A newSPEIvariant was developed with precipitation and pan evaporation (Epan) as its inputs (denoted asSPEI‐Pe), which overcomes the shortcomings ofSPEI‐Pm andSPEI‐Th. Climatic data at ground stations in the Yunnan Province (YP) of China were collected to validate this newSPEIvariant withSPEI‐Pm as the standard measure. Month‐by‐month comparison ofSPEIssuggested thatSPEI‐Pe had a better agreement with theSPEI‐Pm standard thanSPEI‐Th, with the criterion measures of mean absolute error and refined index of agreement (dr). The sensitivity analysis showed that two energy variables, net and global radiation are the most influential factors for evapotranspiration, and forSPEI‐Pm and differences betweenSPEI‐Pm and other two variants too. The validity ofSPEI‐Pe was also tested against the historical drought records in YP. Results demonstrated thatSPEI‐Pe generally agreed with historical drought events at different durations with only several exceptions, and thus it had a comparable performance to identify drought episodes with the other twoSPEIvariants inYP. The results suggest thatSPEI‐Pe has a better agreement withSPEI‐Pm thanSPEI‐Th, and that it provides a good replacement for the standard measure when underlying climatic data (especially the energy variables) are not available.
Recent and future changes in the combination of annual temperature and precipitation throughout China
Authors: Liu Jie , Du Haibo , Wu Zhengfang , He Hong S. , Wang Lei , Zong Shengwei 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTClimate involves different combinations of temperature and precipitation, and each year's combination of factors can be assigned a climatic year type (CYT; e.g. Warm‐Humid). Describing the changes in the CYT provides more information than describing the temperature or precipitation data alone. In this study, we defined nine CYTs using the probability density function of annual temperature and precipitation. Recent and future spatiotemporal changes in CYT were analysed using 507‐station observational data and projected data obtained from the CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. China was divided into six subregions to analyse the spatiotemporal changes. Obvious differences in spatial patterns among the various CYTs reflect the climate regime throughout China. The warmth‐associated CYTs (Warm‐Humid, Warm‐Dry, and Warm‐Normal) mainly occur in West China (e.g. Southwest China). The cold‐associated CYTs (Cold‐Humid, Cold‐Dry, and Cold‐Normal) dominate at high latitudes and high altitudes (e.g. Northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau). The climate in China changed from cold to warm in the last half‐century, accompanying the transformation of Cold‐Humid, Cold‐Dry, and Cold‐Normal before the early 1990s to Warm‐Humid, Warm‐Dry, and Warm‐Normal from the early 1990s onward. In the 21st century, the projected CYTs are mainly Warm‐Humid, Warm‐Dry, and Warm‐Normal in China. Warm‐Humid dominates in West China, North China, and Northeast China. Warm‐Dry is mainly projected in the Yellow River Valley and South China. High‐frequency Warm‐Normal is projected in the Yellow River Valley. Warm‐Humid is projected to increase whereas Warm‐Dry and Warm‐Normal are projected to decrease from 2015 to 2099. All three CYTs are projected to exhibit larger changes in trends under stronger versus weaker RCPs (RCP8.5 > RCP4.5 > RCP2.6). Compared with temperature or precipitation data alone, CYTs provide more complete information on climate change and more accurately characterize regional differences in climate throughout China.
Flow‐modulated targeted signal enhancement for volatile organic compounds
Authors: Hayward Taylor , Gras Ronda , Luong Jim 
Published: April 2016

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography is a technique that is becoming more widespread within the analytical community, especially in the separation of complex mixtures. Modulation in comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography can be achieved by manipulating temperature or flow and offers many advantages such as increased separation power, but one underutilized advantage is increased detectability due to the reduction of peak width from the use of a modulator. A flow modulator was used to selectively target analytes for increased detectability with a standard flame ionization detector operated at 100 Hz, without the need for cryogens or advanced modulation software. By the collection of the entire peak volume followed by peak transfer rather than further separation, an increase of 12 times in peak height and detectability was realized for the analytes tested using an internal loop modulator configuration. An external loop flow modulator configuration allowed for more volatile analytes (with k < 5), and demonstrated an analyte detectability enhancement factor of at least 6. The collection loop size can be readily increased with an external loop configuration to accommodate for these naturally broader peaks. This novel flow modulated targeted signal enhancement approach was applied to industrially significant analyses like the analysis of methanol in a hydrocarbon streams. Methanol was detected at 7 ppb with a conventional flame ionization detector and without the need for pre‐concentration.
Factors influencing nest survival in resident Canada geese
Authors: Guerena Katherine B. , Castelli Paul M. , Nichols Theodore C. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTOverpopulation of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) that make up the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population (AFRP) in New Jersey led to the implementation of a management program that includes hunter harvest, culling programs, and efforts to reduce recruitment through nest destruction. We investigated clutch size, hatchability, and nest survival of Canada goose nests in the AFRP in New Jersey during 1985–1989, 1995–1997, and 2009–2010, and identified ecological, temporal, and spatial variables associated with nest survival to better understand the factors influencing population growth. Mean (±SE) clutch size was 4.86 eggs (±0.04), and mean hatchability of all eggs was 0.61 ± 0.04 across the study. Mean hatchability in 2009–2010 was significantly lower than in the 1980s and 1990s, whereas we did not detect any significant differences in mean clutch size across the decades. Nest survival decreased across the decades, with survival probabilities ranging from 0.68 ± 0.03 in 1988 to 0.45 ± 0.02 in 2010, likely related to reproductive control programs. Nest survival was influenced by date within the nesting season, decade, precipitation, and extreme high temperature. Further, nest survival was associated with commercial‐industrial, agricultural, and urban residential land use at a site level (0.25 km), and natural and urban residential land use at a landscape level (2.25 km and 0.75 km, respectively). Commercial land use (e.g., corporate parks and golf courses) offers favorable Canada goose nesting habitat at the site level, with manicured lawns, man‐made ponds, and decreased predator habitat (e.g., dense tree, shrub cover). We recommend targeting population management efforts in commercial, industrial, and urban residential areas these land uses were associated with increased nest survival. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Survival of reintroduced Asian houbara in United Arab Emirates’ reserves
Authors: Azar Joseph F. , Rautureau Pierrick , Lawrence Mark , Calabuig Gustau , Hingrat Yves 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIncreasing knowledge of post‐release survival and habitat requirements of translocated animals is critical to improve success of conservation programs. We estimated survival of reintroduced captive‐bred Asian houbara bustards (Chlamydotis macqueenii) in reserves of western United Arab Emirates where plantations exist as supplementary feeding sites. We explored factors influencing short‐ (3 months after release) and long‐term (tri‐monthly periods after third month of release) survival rates of released birds. We modeled life histories of individually tracked houbara using Program MARK. Mean short‐term survival probability (0.76 ± 0.14 SD) was lower than mean long‐term survival (0.86 ± 0.03 SD), and observed group size and the age of released birds positively correlated with short‐term survival. We hypothesize that higher quality habitat (plantations) affected survival; larger groups occurred in plantations and older birds might be better able to maintain access to plantations. Long‐term survival was negatively influenced by subsequent release events. Releasing more individuals increases local houbara density. This may lead to food depletion, increase in density‐dependent mechanisms between individuals, or both. Short‐ and long‐term survival rates suggest that food availability at the release sites, together with intraspecific interactions, may influence survival of newly released and established individuals. To improve the management of translocated animals, the impact of managed food resources should be quantified to assess how it might affect population vital rates. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Refining the utility and role of Frozen section in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma resection
Authors: Du Eugenie , Ow Thomas J. , Lo Yung‐Tai , Gersten Adam , Schiff Bradley A. , Tassler Andrew B. , Smith Richard V. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisPrevious studies report high‐accuracy rates for intraoperative frozen sections, but reliability of frozen sections in predicting the ultimate final margin status is unknown. We compared frozen and permanent reads to identify risk factors for overall discrepancies between intraoperative and final margin status.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPathology reports of 437 surgical resections between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 253 cases, generating 1,109 individual specimens, met inclusion criteria. Patient demographics, treatment, recurrence, and survival, as well as pathology data pertaining to the specimen, were recorded.ResultsFrozen read accuracy was 96.7% (83.1% sensitivity, 97.9% specificity) relative to permanent evaluation. However, 4.3% of cases had a final positive margin not detected by frozen section; 17.8% had a close margin not detected by frozen section. In eight of 11 cases with missed positive margins, the involved margin was never sampled intraoperatively. Cases where intraoperative margins were only taken from surrounding tissue had a higher risk of missing a close or positive final margin when compared to cases where some or all margins were taken from the specimen (odds ratio = 5.05, 95% confidence interval [2.31, 11.07], P <0.0001). Disease subsite, risk score, prior radiation, staging, and p16 expression were not significantly associated with the likelihood of missing a close or positive final margin.ConclusionIndividual frozen section reads are highly accurate. However, negative intraoperative margins do not guarantee margin‐negative resections. The process of selecting representative margins for intraoperative analysis, specifically the practice of sampling the resection bed, should be refined.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:1768–1775, 2016
Head and neck Epstein‐Barr virus mucocutaneous ulcer: Case report and literature review
Authors: Au Joshua K. , Said Jonathan W. , Sepahdari Ali R. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo report the clinical presentation, treatment, and management outcomes of patients with Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) of the head and neck, which is a newly characterized pathologic entity with aggressive morphology but follows an indolent, self‐limiting clinical course.Study DesignCase report and literature review.MethodsA case of EBVMCU of the base of tongue is reported and a retrospective review of all cases of EBVMCU of the head and neck at a single academic institution was conducted between January 1, 1986 and April 1, 2015. The MEDLINE database was additionally queried from January 1, 1950 to April 1, 2015 for all reports of EBVMCU of the head and neck, and all pertinent clinical data were extracted.ResultsThe clinical presentation, treatment, and response of a patient with EBVMCU of the base of tongue are presented. Interim follow‐up of the patient has revealed a complete remission with discontinuation of immunosuppression and rituximab therapy. A review of the literature supports conservative management and reduction of immunosuppression. Overall, 96.6% of patients with follow‐up greater than 2 months achieved complete remission with conservative management. The current study is the largest series to report on the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of EBVMCU of the head and neck.ConclusionsEBVMCU tends to follow an indolent and self‐limiting clinical course, responding to reduction of immunosuppression and conservative treatment. It is imperative for clinicians to consider EBVMCU in the differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous ulcers of the head and neck to avoid excessive treatment.Level of EvidenceLaryngoscope, 126:2500–2504, 2016
Are industry financial ties associated with greater scholarly impact among academic otolaryngologists?
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Bobian Michael , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Setzen Michael , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives/HypothesisIn response to concerns regarding physician–industry relationships, the Physician Sunshine Act of 2010 was passed in an effort to increase transparency and accountability. Our objective was to determine whether there is an association between industry support and scholarly impact among academic otolaryngologists.MethodsFaculty listings, academic rank, and fellowship training of academic otolaryngologists were accessed from departmental websites. H‐indices, number of publications, and publication range (years) of each individual were calculated using the Scopus database. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database was used to determine industry payments during 2014 to each otolaryngologist.ResultsOf 1,515 otolaryngologists, 65.4% received industry support and 15.8% received support > $1,000. No difference in impact, as measured by the h‐index, was noted upon comparison of those receiving support and those who did not (P > 0.05). Individuals receiving > $1,000 had higher h‐indices and total publications than those receiving < $1,000 or receiving no support (H = 17.8 vs. 10.9, P < 0.0001), even upon controlling for academic seniority. Upon organization by subspecialty, individuals receiving > $1,000 had greater scholarly impact among most subspecialties. Industry contributions increased with advancing experience.ConclusionReceiving industry contributions greater than $1,000 is associated with greater scholarly impact among academic otolaryngologists. In a smaller surgical specialty, such as otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, direct industry research support—as well as indirect contributions through the support of educational programs, consulting, and other expenses—potentially impacts scholarly discourse; these findings do not reflect a causal relationship and may require further characterization.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:87–94, 2017