bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Стан мікробіоти порожнини товстого кишечника у хворих на цукровий діабет 1-го типу залежно від тяжкості клінічного перебігу
Authors: Mazur О.О. , Plaksyvyi О.H. , Pashkovska N.V. , Bilooka І.О. 
Published: October 2016

Вступ. Цукровий діабет (ЦД) 1-го типу призводить до розвитку та несприятливого клінічного перебігу хронічних запальних захворювань, у тому числі і лор-органів. Мета дослідження: вивчити видовий склад і популяційний рівень мікрофлори вмісту порожнини товстої кишки хворих на ЦД 1-го типу залежно від тяжкості його клінічного перебігу. Матеріали і методи. Бактеріологічним і мікологічним методами проведено обстеження вмісту порожнини товстої кишки у 50 хворих на ЦД 1-го типу віком від 15 до 60 років, середнього і тяжкого ступенів клінічного перебігу, а також у 30 практично здорових людей такого ж віку, які вважали себе здоровими і не хворіли на будь-яку патологію протягом останніх 6 місяців. З 50 хворих у 39 діагностований ЦД тяжкої форми, а в 11 — клінічний перебіг середнього ступеня тяжкості. Результати. При середньому і тяжкому перебігу ЦД 1-го типу у вмісті порожнини товстої кишки формується дефіцит автохтонних, найважливіших за представництвом у товстокишковому мікробіоценозі анаеробних бактерій роду Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Enterococcus. На такому тлі настає контамінація порожнини товстої кишки патогенними (E.coli Hly+, ентеропатогенні кишкові палички) та умовно-патогенними (Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Proteus) ентеробактеріями, а також умовно-патогенними бактеріями роду Bacteroides, Clostridium, P.niger, Staphylococcus і дріжджоподібними грибами роду Candida, шо досягають високого популяційного рівня. Висновки. У мікробіоценозі порожнини товстої кишки хворих на ЦД 1-го типу суттєво зростає рівень ентеротоксигенних і ентеротоксичних (61,38 %) та умовно-патогенних бактерій (71,24 %). Зміна видового складу, індексу домінування Бергера — Паркера, індексу постійності призводить до зміни ролі кожного компонента мікробіоценозу порожнини товстої кишки хворих на ЦД 1-го типу як із середнім, так і більшою мірою з тяжким ступенем перебігу. У хворих на ЦД 1-го типу середнього та тяжкого перебігу в порожнині товстої кишки відзначається виражений (р < 0,05–0,001) дефіцит облігатних бактерій роду Bifidobacterium — на 50,04 %, Lactobacillus — на 34,82 %, Peptostreptococcus — на 16,0 %, Enterococcus — на 11,68 %. З поглибленням тяжкості клінічного перебігу посилюється дефіцит та прогнозується чітка картина зниження ролі біфідо- та лактобактерій у товстокишковому мікробіоценозі. Отримані дані є підставою для вивчення ефективності пробіотиків у комплексному лікуванні хворих на ЦД 1-го типу до, після та через 3 місяці після лікування на основі аналізу видового складу і популяційного рівня мікрофлори вмісту порожнини товстої кишки, а також для розробки лікувальної тактики гнійних синуїтів у пацієнтів з ЦД 1-го типу із включенням у схеми комплексного лікування пробіотиків.
Long-Term Outcome of Kidney Transplantation in Recipients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Francis Anna , Trnka Peter , McTaggart Steven J. 
Published: October 2016

Background and objectives
FSGS can recur after kidney transplantation and is associated with poor graft outcomes. We aimed to assess the incidence of FSGS recurrence post-transplant and determine the effect of graft source on recurrence and graft survival in patients with biopsy-proven FSGS.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we assessed incidence of FSGS, the influence of donor type on the risk of FSGS recurrence, and graft loss in recipients with ESRD caused by primary FSGS using Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression analyses.

Results
Between 1992 and 2011, 736 first kidney transplants were performed in 666 adults and 70 children (≤20 years old) with biopsy–proven primary FSGS. FSGS recurred in 76 (10.3%) patients. Younger age (P<0.001), nonwhite ethnicity (P=0.02), and having a live donor (P=0.02) were independent risk factors associated with recurrence. Median graft survival was significantly better for live donor compared with deceased donor grafts (14.8 versus 12.1 years; P<0.01). Disease recurrence predicted poor graft outcomes, with 52% (95% confidence interval, 40% to 63%) 5-year graft survival in the recurrence group compared with 83% (95% confidence interval, 79% to 86%) in the group without recurrent disease (P<0.001).

Conclusions
FSGS recurrence after kidney transplantation was more common in live donor kidneys. Despite this, graft survival in live donor recipients was significantly better for both children and adults with FSGS. We propose that live donor transplantation should not be avoided in patients with FSGS.
Desenvolvimento corporal, avaliações de carcaça e lipedimia de caprinos machos alimentados com grão de linhaça na dieta
Authors: Moraes Gentil Vanini de , Fück Egon José , Gomes Marco Antonio Bensimon , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Castro Pedro Luiz , Mataveli Marcela 
Published: October 2016

The study was carried out with objective to evaluate the effects of whole linseed addition in the diet of male goats on the development, blood and biochemical characteristics and on the Boer and Anglo-nubian males carcass. They were randomly divided in two groups balanced by breed, confined and submitted to diet with 9.5% of whole linseed and a control diet. The animals were observed from 4 to 12 months old and were evaluated on the body development, carcass yielding, feeding conversion, weight gain, biochemical levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and fractions, and on Longissimus dorsi muscle total fat, omega (ω) 3, ω-6, saturated fats, unsaturated fatty acids, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, saturated/unsaturated fats ratio were analyzed. The variables were analyzed by the BootStrap methodology. All the variables, with exception of triglycerides levels and Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), did not present differences (P>0.05). So it was concluded that whole linseed addition in the male goat diet did not promote improvement in the body development, blood biochemical variables and characteristics of carcasses.
Efeito da adição da faveira (Parkia platycephala) sobre a composi
Authors: Magalhães João Avelar , Fogaça Fabíola Helena dos Santos , Costa Newton de Lucena , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Santos Francisco José de Seixas , Araújo Neto Raimundo Bezerra de , Vaz Milena Almeida , Silva Edineudo Mourão , Bitencourt Antônio Bruno 
Published: October 2016

The effect of the addition of faveira (Parkia platycephala) on pH and chemical composition in elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. var. Napier) was evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: T1 = 100% elephant grass cv. Napier, T2 = 85% elephant grass cv. Napier + 15% of faveira, T3 = 70% elephant grass Napier + 30% of faveira and T4 = 55% elephant grass Napier + 45% of faveira, with four replications. The whole plant of elephant grass, with 135 days old and 2.10 m tall was used. In the case of faveira, sample was collected of the leaves and branches edible fraction (to the diameter of a pencil ) taken branches that were about 1.50 m of the soil for tree with approximately 14 years of age and about 10 m of height . The increasing levels of faveira in the elephant grass silage var. Napier reduced levels of ash and increased levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, variables that have a negative correlation with the consumption and digestibility. However, it also propitiated increases in pH and levels of crude protein and ether extract, partially improving silage quality.
A systematic review of adverse event reporting in companion animal clinical trials evaluating cancer treatment
Authors: Giuffrida Michelle A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate methods used to ascertain, define, and report adverse events (AEs) in companion animal clinical trials involving cancer treatment.
DESIGN Systematic review.
SAMPLE English-language articles describing prospective clinical trials involving dogs and cats with naturally occurring cancer published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2014.
PROCEDURES Reports were identified via MEDLINE and CAB database searches combined with a hand-searching strategy. General article characteristics were abstracted and summarized. Data for AE reporting were collected with a 14-item checklist adapted from the 2004 CONSORT extension for reporting harms. Study characteristics associated with the AE reporting checklist score were identified by means of linear regression analysis.
RESULTS 168 articles with data for 6,132 animals were included. Standardized terminology was significantly more likely to be used to describe AEs for trials that included chemotherapy (92/115 [80.0%]) than for trials that did not (16/53 [30.2%]). Median AE reporting checklist score was 5 out of 14 (range, 0 to 12). Poorly reported items included methods and time frame of AE ascertainment, AE data analysis, and reasons for treatment discontinuation and death. Trials with industry funding, a single-arm design, and treatment with chemotherapy were associated with a significantly higher quality of AE reporting.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reporting of adverse events in veterinary clinical trials evaluating cancer treatment was selective and heterogeneous. Harms associated with cancer treatments could be underestimated because of suboptimal collection and reporting of AE data. Findings supported the adoption of a higher standard for AE surveillance and reporting in veterinary patients.
Prevalence and characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Iyer Vivek N. , Wood Christopher P. , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEPatients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are known to suffer from high rates of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining prevalence rates, characteristics, and clinical presentation of cerebral AVMs in the HHT population.METHODSTo identify studies on AVM prevalence and characteristics in the HHT population, 4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched by a reference librarian with over 30 years experience in systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The search period was January 1, 1990–March 2016. The following search terms were used: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, AVM, brain AVM, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, prevalence, and epidemiology. The authors identified studies that examined the prevalence rates, characteristics, and clinical presentation of cerebral AVMs in patients with HHT. They assessed overall AVM prevalence rates as well as prevalence rates by age, sex, HHT type, and country/region. They also systematically reviewed the characteristics of AVMs, including rupture status, location, clinical presentation, angioarchitecture, and Spetzler-Martin grade. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis model.RESULTSThirty-nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. Thirty studies examined brain AVM prevalence rates in various HHT patient populations, and 18 studies examined AVM clinical and angiographic characteristics (9 studies examined both prevalence rates and AVM characteristics). The prevalence of brain AVMs in HHT patients was 10.4% (95% CI 7.9%–13.0%) with no significant difference between males (8.5%, 95% CI 4.9%–12.0%) and females (11.0%, 95% CI 5.9%–16.1%). Patients with HHT Type 1 (HHT1) had a significantly higher brain AVM prevalence (13.4%, 95% CI 9.5%–17.4%) compared with those with HHT Type 2 (HHT2) (2.4%, 95% CI 1.0%–3.8%) (p < 0.0001). In 55.2% (95% CI 38.3%–72.1%) of cases, the AVMs were symptomatic. Spetzler-Martin grade was 2 or less in 86.9% (95% CI 67.5%–95.2%) of patients.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of brain AVMs in the HHT population is about 10%. HHT1 patients are significantly more likely to have brain AVMs than HHT2 patients. Most AVMs in the HHT population are symptomatic. The Spetzler-Martin grade for these lesions is 2 or less in nearly 90% of patients.
Decompressive craniectomy in hemorrhagic cerebral venous thrombosis: clinicoradiological features and risk factors
Authors: Zhang Si , Zhao Hexiang , Li Hao , You Chao , Hui Xuhui 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEDecompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving treatment for severe hemorrhagic cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, the correlations between the clinicoradiological features and surgical outcomes of this disease are not well established. Therefore, the authors endeavored to analyze the potential risk factors for this more severe subtype of CVT and to provide more evidence regarding the benefits of DC in patients with hemorrhagic CVT.METHODSThe clinical features, radiological findings, and surgical outcomes of patients with severe hemorrhagic CVT who had undergone DC treatment in the period from January 2005 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and the risk factors for this disease were evaluated.RESULTSFifty-eight patients, 39 females (67.2%) and 19 males (32.8%), with a mean age of 39.7 ± 12.5 years, were included in this study. The mean duration from symptom onset to surgery was 3.3 ± 1.9 days, and 21 patients experienced acute courses. On neuroimaging, the mean mass lesion volume was 114.7 ± 17.7 ml. Nine patients had bilateral lesions, and 7 patients had deep CVT. According to their hemorrhagic proportion, cases were divided into hemorrhage-dominated (27 [46.6%]) and edema-dominated (31 [53.4%]) groups. After 6 months of follow-up, 56.9% of patients had achieved a favorable outcome, and 8 patients had died. The hemorrhage-dominated lesions (p = 0.026) and deep cerebral venous involvement (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with a poor outcome.CONCLUSIONSIn patients suffering from severe hemorrhagic CVT, DC is an effective life-saving treatment that is associated with favorable outcomes. Hemorrhage-dominated lesions and deep cerebral venous involvement have a significant impact on the outcome of this disease.
Effects of different degrees of insulin resistance on endothelial function in obese adults undergoing alternate day fasting
Authors: Hoddy Kristin K. , Bhutani Surabhi , Phillips Shane A. , Varady Krista A. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Obesity can have deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity leading to endothelial dysfunction. Whether alternate day fasting (ADF) can ameliorate insulin sensitivity in a way that improves endothelial function remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of ADF on endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation (FMD) in obese subjects with different degrees of insulin resistance. METHODS: Obese non-diabetic adults ( n = 54) participated in an 8-week ADF protocol (25% energy intake “fast day”, alternated with ad libitum intake “feast day”). Subjects were divided into tertiles according to degree of insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance): tertile 1 (0.8–2.4), tertile 2 (2.5–3.6), tertile 3 (3.7–12.4). RESULTS: Body weight decreased ( P < 0.001) by 4% in each tertile. Fat mass, lean mass, and visceral fat mass also decreased ( P < 0.001) similarly in each tertile. After 8 weeks of ADF, FMD and adiponectin differed ( P < 0.05) between tertile 1 (3±0%; 26±23%) versus tertile 3 (–3±0%; –13±10%). Changes in leptin did not differ between tertiles (tertile 1: –23±7%; tertile 2: –20±7%; tertile 3: –9±7%). Fasting glucose did not change in any tertile. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR differed ( P < 0.05) between tertile 1 (10±11%; 11±11%) versus tertile 3 (–27±8%; –30±9%). Plasma lipids, blood pressure and heart rate did not change in any tertile. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that ADF may be effective for decreasing insulin resistance in insulin resistant subjects, but these changes have no effect on endothelial function.
Reproduction regulates Drosophila nutrient intake through independent effects of egg production and sex peptide: Implications for aging
Authors: Bowman Elizabeth , Tatar Marc 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: The ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P:C) consumed influences reproduction and lifespan, outcomes that are often maximized by different P:C intake. OBJECTIVE: Determine if reproduction in female Drosophila drives elevated P:C intake. Distinguish whether such a preference is driven by egg production or from male-derived sex peptides in seminal fluid. METHODS: Intake of protein and carbohydrate was measured in a diet-choice assay. Macronutrient intake was calculated for mated and unmated fertile females, mated and unmated sterile females, and both types of female when mated to wildtype males and to males lacking sex peptide. RESULTS: Mated females have high P:C intake relative to unmated females and mated, sterile females. Fertile females mated to wildtype males and to males lacking sex peptide have high P:C intake, but sterile females have similar, low P:C intake when unmated and when mated to males lacking sex peptide. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic demands of egg production and sex peptides are individually sufficient to drive elevated P:C intake in adult female Drosophila. Reproductive state can thus modulate how animals consume macronutrients, which in turn can impact their health and aging.
The effects of Labisia pumila extracts on bone microarchitecture of ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis rats: A micro-CT analysis
Authors: Effendy Nadia Mohd , Khamis Mohd Fadhli , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun 
Published: October 2016

BACKGOUND: Labisia pumila (LP) is a popular herb used by women over the past few decades. This herb has shown potentials as an alternative agent for treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was observed in previous studies that supplementation to ovariectomized rats were associated with increased bone antioxidative enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation activity. It had also improved bone formation markers in ovariectomized rats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of giving different forms of LP extracts on the trabecular bone microarchitecture of ovariectomised rats. METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVX), ovariectomized and given estrogen at 64.5 μg/kg (ERT), ovariectomized and given LP aqueous extract (LP aq), LP methanol extract (LP met) and LP ethanol extract (LP et) at 100 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were given daily via oral gavages for nine weeks. Following sacrifice, femora were dissected out for bone microarchitectural analysis using an in vitro micro-CT, which provided three dimensional informations on bone microarchitecture. RESULTS: LP aq was the most effective extract found to improve the bone microarchitectural paramaters which comprised ofBone volume fraction (BV/TV), Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), Trabecular number (Tb.N), Connective density (Conn.dens), Structure model index (SMI) and Degree of anisotropy (DA). CONCLUSION: LP aq was effective in protecting the bone of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model against microarchitectural deterioration.
THE ORION H ii REGION AND THE ORION BAR IN THE MID-INFRARED
Authors: Salgado F. , Berné O. , Adams J. D. , Herter T. L. , Keller L. D. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present mid-infrared photometry of the Orion bar obtained with the Faint Object infraRed Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) on board SOFIA at 6.4, 6.6, 7.7, 19.7, 31.5, and 37.1 μm. By complementing this observation with archival FORCAST and Herschel/PACS images, we are able to construct a complete infrared spectral energy distribution of the Huygens region in the Orion nebula. Comparing the infrared images with gas tracers, we find that PACS maps trace the molecular cloud, while the FORCAST data trace the photodissociation region (PDR) and the H ii region. Analysis of the energetics of the region reveal that the PDR extends for 0.28 pc along the line of sight and that the bar is inclined at an angle of 4°. The infrared and submillimeter images reveal that the Orion bar represents a swept-up shell with a thickness of 0.1 pc. The mass of the shell implies a shock velocity of ≃3 km s−1 and an age of ≃105 years for the H ii region. Our analysis shows that the UV and infrared dust opacities in the H ii region and the PDR are a factor 5 to 10 lower than in the diffuse interstellar medium. In the ionized gas, Lyα photons are a major source of dust heating at distances larger than ≃0.06 pc from θ
1 Ori C. Dust temperatures can be explained if the size of the grains is between 0.1 and 1 μm. We derive the photoelectric heating efficiency of the atomic gas in the Orion bar. The results are in good qualitative agreement with models and the quantitative differences indicate a decreased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon abundance in this region.
DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH FOR FORECAST OF SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES
Authors: Kitiashvili Irina N. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Numerous attempts to predict future solar cycles are mostly based on empirical relations derived from observations of previous cycles, and they yield a wide range of predicted strengths and durations of the cycles. Results obtained with current dynamo models also deviate strongly from each other, thus raising questions about criteria to quantify the reliability of such predictions. The primary difficulties in modeling future solar activity are shortcomings of both the dynamo models and observations that do not allow us to determine the current and past states of the global solar magnetic structure and its dynamics. Data assimilation is a relatively new approach to develop physics-based predictions and estimate their uncertainties in situations where the physical properties of a system are not well-known. This paper presents an application of the ensemble Kalman filter method for modeling and prediction of solar cycles through use of a low-order nonlinear dynamo model that includes the essential physics and can describe general properties of the sunspot cycles. Despite the simplicity of this model, the data assimilation approach provides reasonable estimates for the strengths of future solar cycles. In particular, the prediction of Cycle 24 calculated and published in 2008 is so far holding up quite well. In this paper, I will present my first attempt to predict Cycle 25 using the data assimilation approach, and discuss the uncertainties of that prediction.
GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS IN THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: VOYAGER 1 OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL RESULTS
Authors: Cummings A. C. , Stone E. C. , Heikkila B. C. , Lal N. , Webber W. R. , Jóhannesson G. , Moskalenko I. V. , Orlando E. , Porter T. A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Since 2012 August Voyager 1 has been observing the local interstellar energy spectra of Galactic cosmic-ray nuclei down to 3 MeV nuc−1 and electrons down to 2.7 MeV. The H and He spectra have the same energy dependence between 3 and 346 MeV nuc−1, with a broad maximum in the 10–50 MeV nuc−1 range and a H/He ratio of 12.2 ± 0.9. The peak H intensity is ∼15 times that observed at 1 AU, and the observed local interstellar gradient of 3–346 MeV H is −0.009 ± 0.055% AU−1, consistent with models having no local interstellar gradient. The energy spectrum of electrons (e
− + e
+) with 2.7–74 MeV is consistent with E
−1.30±0.05 and exceeds the H intensity at energies below ∼50 MeV. Propagation model fits to the observed spectra indicate that the energy density of cosmic-ray nuclei with >3 MeV nuc−1 and electrons with >3 MeV is 0.83–1.02 eV cm−3 and the ionization rate of atomic H is in the range of 1.51–1.64 × 10−17 s−1. This rate is a factor >10 lower than the ionization rate in diffuse interstellar clouds, suggesting significant spatial inhomogeneity in low-energy cosmic rays or the presence of a suprathermal tail on the energy spectrum at much lower energies. The propagation model fits also provide improved estimates of the elemental abundances in the source of Galactic cosmic rays.