bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin secretion in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Investigation of its relationships to temperament personality dimensions
Authors: Nigro M. , Monteleone A.M. , Steardo L. , Patriciello G. , Di Maso V. , Cimino M. , Volpe U. , Monteleone P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSome temperament characteristics of personality seem to be modulated by oxytocin. Patients suffering from eating disorders (EDs) display aberrant personality traits.Objectives and aimsWe investigated the relationships between plasma oxytocin levels and personality dimensions of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and compared them to those of healthy controls.MethodsPlasma oxytocin levels were measured in 23 women with AN, 27 women with BN and 19 healthy controls and assessed their personality traits by means of the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R).ResultsAN patients showed plasma levels of the hormone significantly lower than BN and healthy controls. In healthy women, plasma oxytocin levels resulted significantly correlated negatively with novelty seeking scores and positively with both harm avoidance (HA) scores and the attachment subscale scores of the reward dependence: these correlations explained 82% of the variability in circulating oxytocin. In BN patients, plasma oxytocin resulted negatively correlated with HA, whereas no significant correlations emerged in AN patients.ConclusionsThese findings confirm a dysregulation of oxytocin secretion in AN but not in BN and show, for the first time, that the association of circulating oxytocin to patients’ temperament traits is totally lost in underweight patients with AN and partially lost or even inverted in women with BN. These findings suggest a role of oxytocin in certain deranged behaviours of ED patients, which are influenced by the subjects’ personality traits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trends of hospitalization for anorexia nervosa in USA: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Rathod M. , Bansal P. , Mansuri U. , Shambhu S. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While AN has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of AN on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking.MethodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998-2011 using the ICD-9 codes for AN. Severity of co-morbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson co-morbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, chi-square test, t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance.Results28,150 patients were analyzed. 93.94% were female and 6.06% were male (P < 0.0001). 88.67% were white, 2.93% were black and 8.4% were of other race (P < 0.0001). Rate of hospitalization decreased from 1530/million to 1349.5/million from 1998-2011. Overall mortality was 0.78% and mean cost of hospitalization was 25,829.82$. The in-hospital mortality reduced from 0.95% to 0.44% (P < 0.0001) and mean cost of hospitalization increased from 11,956.55$ to 39,831.51$. Total yearly spending on AN related admissions increased from $145.33 million/year to $420.61 million/year.ConclusionsWhile mortality has slightly decreased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $145.33 million/year to $420.61 million/year, which leads to an estimated $275.28 million additional burden to the US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing AN related Hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for AN related hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trends of hospitalization for bulimia nervosa in USA: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Rathod M. , Bansal P. , Sutaria A. , Shambhu S. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesBulimia Nervosa (BN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. While BN has been extensively studied in the past, the contemporary data for impact of BN on cost of hospitalization are largely lacking.MethodsWe queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) dataset between 1998-2011 using the ICD-9 codes. Severity of co-morbid conditions was defined by Deyo modification of Charlson co-morbidity index. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was total charges for hospitalization. Using SAS 9.2, chi-square test, t-test and Cochran-Armitage test were used to test significance.Results19,441 patients were analyzed. 94.13% were female and 5.87% male (P < 0.0001). 85.72% were white, 4.55% black and 9.73% of other race (P < 0.0001). Rate of hospitalization decreased from 1136.99/million to 802.47/million from 1998-2011. Overall mortality was 0.20% and mean cost of hospitalization was 15,496.82$. The in-hospital mortality reduced from 0.23% to 0.15% (P < 0.0001) and mean cost of hospitalization increased from 8,194.53$ to 22,547.86$. Total spending on BN related admissions have increased from $73.96 million/year to $139.93 million/year over the last decade.ConclusionsWhile mortality has slightly decreased from 1998 to 2011, the cost has significantly increased from $73.96 million/year to $139.93 million/year, which leads to an estimated $65.97 million/year additional burden to US health care system. In the era of cost conscious care, preventing BN related Hospitalization could save billions of dollars every year. Focused efforts are needed to establish preventive measures for BN related hospitalization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Severity of traumatic events in patients with eating disorders. A case-control study
Authors: Pignatelli A.M. , Loriedo C. , Biondi M. , Girardi P. , Vanderlinden J. , Piacentino D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA high proportion of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) report childhood abuse and neglect. The prevalence of traumatic events in ED patients has been extensively investigated; less is known about their self-perceived–and reported–severity. Objectives/Aims: We aimed to assess in ED patients vs. healthy controls the severity, i.e., duration, perpetrator, and subjective impact, of sexual, physical, and emotional traumas suffered from 0 to 18 years, paying particular attention to emotional neglect.MethodsFifty-seven consecutive DSM-V ED patients (91.2% females; age range: 18–42 years) were recruited at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of our University Hospital. Ninety controls (78.9% females; age range: 20–39 years) were also recruited. Among ED patients, 43.9% had restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN), 29.8% binge/purging AN, 26.3% bulimia nervosa. Individuals completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).ResultsThe severity of all traumatic events, according to the TEC total score, was significantly higher in ED patients than controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, ED patients showed significantly higher scores with regard to emotional neglect (P < 0.001) and emotional abuse (P < 0.001). The same can be said for physical traumas (P < 0.01) and physical abuse (P < 0.01), although with a lower significance, and for sexual abuse (P < 0.05), with an even lower significance. No difference in the severity of sexual harassment was found.ConclusionsAll types of traumas, especially neglect, can occur in ED patients and controls, however they are reported as more severe by ED patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Internet and smartphone application usage in eating disorders: A descriptive study in Singapore
Authors: Tan T. , Kuek A. , Goh S.E. , Ng K.W. , Tan S.M. , Gudi A. , Lee H.Y. , Lee E.L. , Victor K. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEating disorders are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Internet is a popular medium for individuals with eating disorders to discuss and reinforce their affliction. However, the available literature on Internet usage and eating disorders is scarce, especially in the area of social media and smartphone application (“app”) usage.Objectives & aimsTo look at the Internet and smartphone app usage patterns of participants who presented with an eating disorder in Singapore, and whether it corresponded to severity of illness.MethodsIndividuals who presented to the Eating Disorders clinic at the Singapore General Hospital from 13th June 2013 to 20th December 2013 completed a self-reported questionnaire on Internet and app usage. They also completed the EDE-Q, EAT-26 and CIA 3.0.ResultsFifty-five participants completed the study. A total of 41.8% had anorexia nervosa, 34.5% had bulimia nervosa, and 9.1% were ED-NOS. 41.8% felt that apps helped to perpetuate their illness, while 32.7% felt that apps were helpful for recovery. Overall, any smartphone application usage was associated with younger age and greater eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial impairment. While 30.9% had encountered eating disorder-related content on Facebook, only 12.75 visited Facebook groups related to eating disorders. For YouTube, “Cooking and Food” and “Beauty and Fashion” videos were among the top 3 types of videos that participants watched.ConclusionsInternet and smartphone app usage is significant, and they are used to prolong or worsen eating disorder behavior in those with greater severity of illness. It is necessary to include interventions in this aspect as part of treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Delirium symptoms’ development during the intensive care unit post-surgery staying is related with reduced intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation in the elderly subjected to cardiac surgery
Authors: Bellido I. , Aldana E. , Valverde J.L. , Medina S. , Green C. , Campos V. , Gomez-Luque A. 
Published: May 2016

Goal of studyOur aim was to examine whether cerebral frontal cortex O2 desaturation may be related with the development of delirium symptoms’ after cardiac surgery in the elderly during the intensive care unit (ICU) staying.Materials and methodsA prospective, before and after, longitudinal study in II-IV ASA class patients scheduled for cardiac surgery and undergoing intravenous general anesthesia with remifentanil plus propofol was done. Clinical and surgical parameters, cardiopulmonary function, intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and bispectral index were continuously recorded and corrected throughout the surgery. Severity of delirium was represented as a score of the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) during the patients’ stay in the ICU under the assumption that higher ICDSC score indicated severe delirium.Results and discussionPatients, n = 44, 77.3% male, aged 59.9 ± 1.9 years old, scheduled to coronary (36.4%), aortic valve replacement (18.2%), mitral valve replacement (13.6%), coronary plus valve replacement (13.6%) and others (18.2%) surgery, on pump 98.4% were enrolled. A reduction of the rSO2 higher than 10% at the end of the surgery compared with basal values was detected in a 46.5% of the patients. Reduction of rSO2 higher than 10% at the end of the surgery was related with significantly higher values of delirium symptoms’ development during the intensive care unit post-surgery staying (rSO2 higher ≥ 10% 68.8 vs. rSO2 higher < 10% 31.3%, P < 0.05).ConclusionDelirium symptoms’ development during the intensive care unit post-surgery staying is related with reduced intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation in the elderly subjected to cardiac surgery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between mental health problems of stunted children and common mental disorders of their mothers in Brazil: A case control study
Authors: Miranda C. , Santos L. , Paula C.S. , Ribeiro W. , Florencio T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn deprived environments, mental health problems for both the mother and her stunted child may be related.ObjectiveTo verify possible association between a child's nutritional and mental health status with common maternal mental disorders (and associated impairment).AimsTo contribute to management of malnutrition and mental health in low-income populations.MethodsCase-control study in which 48 malnourished children (aged 48 to 72 months) were compared with 50 eutrophic children. The child's nutritional status, the children's mental health, the maternal mental health, and the associated disability were evaluated by using the WHO criteria, the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” (SDQ), the “Self-Report Questionnaire”-20 (SRQ-20), and the “Sheehan Disability Scale” (SDS), respectively. In addition, selected socio-economic aspects were considered.ResultsVariables with significant odds ratio (OR) in the univariate analysis were: maternal education (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.30–6.75), number of residents in the household (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14–0.74), number of children in the household (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.61), and social class (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.02–5.18). The only SDQ dimension that tended to be associated with malnutrition was conduct problems (P = 0.08). The disability associated with probable common maternal mental disorders (CMD) also showed statistically significant association (P = 0.02). In the logistic regression, child malnutrition remained associated with child conduct problems and disability associated with probable CMD.ConclusionsConduct problems in stunted children are positively associated with CMD and related disability. Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these hypotheses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The projected number and prevalence of dementia in Japan: Results from the Toyama Dementia Survey
Authors: Sekine M. , Suzuki M. , Kido H. , Yamada M. , Tatsuse T. 
Published: May 2016

PurposesThe increasing number of dementia is of major public health concern. This study aims to calculate the projected number and prevalence of dementia in Japan, using data from the Toyama Dementia Survey.MethodsThe Toyama Dementia Survey was conducted 6 times in 1983, 1985, 1990, 1996, 2001, and 2014. In the 2014 survey, the subjects were randomly chosen from residents aged 65 or more in Toyama prefecture, with a sampling rate of 0.5%. Of those, 1303 men and women agreed to participate (participation rate: 84.8%). An interview with a screening questionnaire was conducted by public health nurses. Psychiatrists and public health nurses further investigated for the suspected cases of dementia and diagnosed whether the cases had dementia. The 1985–2001 surveys were conducted in a similar way, and, therefore, data from the 1985–2014 surveys were used in the analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia in Toyama prefecture increased from 4.7% in 1985 to 15.7% in 2014. Using the age and sex-specific prevalence of dementia in the 2014 survey, the projected number of dementia is approximately 4.8 million (prevalence rate: 14.1%) in 2015, 6.1 million (16.7%) in 2025, and 7.2 million (19.2%) in 2035. Using the age and sex-specific prevalence of dementia as estimated by linear regression models, the projected number of dementia is approximately 4.7 million (13.9%) in 2015, 7.1 million (19.5%) in 2025, and 9.7 million (25.8%) in 2035.ConclusionsThe number of dementia in Japan could double in the next 20 years, which corresponds to 1 in 4 elderly people.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Legal problems and substance use among HIV-infected patients
Authors: Parro Torres C. , Hernández Huerta D. , Ochoa Mangado E. , Madoz Gúrpide A. , Moreno Zamora A.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere are many studies of HIV-infected patients where have found higher prevalence of substance use disorders than in general population. Moreover some factors, like presence of legal problems, substance abuse and HIV are also frequently related with poorer clinical results.Objectives/aimsThe aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between substance consumption and presence of legal problems among HIV-infected patients.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who referred presence of legal problems in a sociodemographic questionnaire. Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who denied presence of legal problems. Both groups were interrogated about illegal substance use (cocaine, heroin, cannabis, stimulants or benzodiazepines) and alcohol problematic use during previous year. Logistic regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for age, gender and race.ResultsOur sample was compound by 63 patients: 44 controls and 19 cases. A statistical signification was found between illegal substance use variable and presence of legal problems (P = 0.003) but not with alcohol problematic use. The condition of illegal substance use during previous year increased the risk to have legal problems 5.353 times. Another important result was found in gender, the condition of male increased the risk to have legal problems 2.32 times than female condition.ConclusionsIn our sample, substance use (cocaine, heroin, cannabis, stimulants or benzodiazepines) during previous year was related to have more legal problems. Gender, specifically male condition, also was linked with more risk to have legal problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
When residents are assaulted
Authors: Nuria N. , San Román A. , Gómez-Coronado N. , Sevillano I. , Hervias P. , Prieto V. , Llanes C. , Puertas S. , González-Pinto A. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction and objectiveDescription through a survey of physical aggressions suffered by Spanish Medical Trainees of all specialties.MethodsWe developed a survey through an online platform that was distributed to all Spanish trainees of all medical specialties. In that survey, we ask residents if they ever have been physically assaulted, for how many times, the year of residence when it occurred, if they have in their hospital an aggression protocol, and if it included a specific topic for trainees. We also asked them about their feelings after they have been assaulted.ResultsWe collected 282 answers from the survey. We could observe that 12.9% of respondent trainees had been assaulted as least once. Fifty-one percent of times, it occurs during the first year of residency. Among assaulted residents, 25.5% were psychiatric trainees, and 44.4% were medical trainees, but no psychiatrist. Twenty-three percent were psychiatric trainees, and the 35% of them had been assaulted once. Only 25.2% of the residents knew the aggression protocol of their work center, but the majority (65.5%) did not know it. About how do they feel after being assaulted, most of them responded that they felt anxiety, helplessness, fear and they had even thought of leaving de residency or change it.ConclusionsAggressions during the trainee period seems to be prevalent (12,9%). Most trainees don’t even know if there is a aggression protocol in their hospitals, we think that a prevention and supporting guideline should be design for improve this prevalent situation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Borderline personality disorder and childhood maltreatment: A genome-wide methylation analysis
Authors: Stenz L. , Prados J. , Courtet P. , Prada P. , Nicastro R. , Adouan W. , Guillaume S. , Olié E. , Aubry J.M. , Dayer A. , Perroud N. 
Published: May 2016

Early life adversity plays a critical role in the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and this could occur through epigenetic programming. In this perspective, we aimed to determine whether childhood maltreatment could durably modify epigenetic processes by the means of a whole-genome methylation scan of BPD subjects. Using the Illumina Infinium® Human Methylation 450 Bead Chip, global methylation status of DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes was correlated to the severity of childhood maltreatment in 96 BPD subjects suffering from a high level of child adversity and 93 subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) and reporting a low rate of child maltreatment. Several CpGs within or near the following genes (IL17RA, miR124-3, KCNQ2, EFNB1, OCA2, MFAP2, RPH3AL, WDR60, CST9L, EP400, A2ML1, NT5DC2, FAM163A and SPSB2) were found to be differently methylated, either in BPD compared with MDD or in relation to the severity of childhood maltreatment. A highly relevant biological result was observed for cg04927004 close to miR124-3 that was significantly associated with BPD and severity of childhood maltreatment. miR124-3 codes for a microRNA (miRNA) targeting several genes previously found to be associated with BPD such as NR3C1. Our results highlight the potentially important role played by miRNAs in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as BPD and the usefulness of using methylome-wide association studies to uncover such candidate genes. Moreover, they offer new understanding of the impact of maltreatments on biological processes leading to diseases and may ultimately result in the identification of relevant biomarkers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anticholinergic burden in inpatient psychogeriatric population – Do we care?
Authors: Lee M. , Warren A. , Zolotarev B. , Henderson J. , George M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAlthough recent studies have found that there is significant association between anticholinergic and cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly population, there seems to be minimal emphasis on anticholinergic burden (ACB) when prescribing medications to the inpatient psychogeriatric population.AimTo evaluate the prescribing patterns in Older Person Mental Health Inpatient Unit (OPMHU), whether the ACB Score on admission has been reviewed for lowest possible ACB while maintaining therapeutic effects. A protocol will be developed to ensure that ACB is reviewed for future admissions and discharges.MethodologyFifty patients admitted and discharged from OPMHU are recruited retrospectively from 30th September 2015, excluding outliers and deceased patients. For those who had multiple admissions during that period, only the most recent admission would be included for evaluation. Individual ACB score is calculated on admission and discharge based on pharmacist final medication summary. Their mental health records are also audited for any documented ACB review by the treating team, while making note for any pre-existing cognitive impairment.ResultACB has not been taken into consideration in all patients by the treating team on admission as well as when prescribing medications on discharge. Hence, it is unsurprising that the ACB score showed an increment of 30% on discharge (3.25) when compared to the admission score (2.5).ConclusionThe study found that although ACB poses significant risks on cognitive impairment, this knowledge has not been employed pragmatically. A protocol should be developed to ensure that ACB is evaluated and managed accordingly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.