bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Policy and Environmental Change in Faith-Based Organizations: Description and Findings From a Mini-Grants Program
Authors: Arriola Kimberly R. Jacob , Hermstad April , Flemming Shauna St.Clair , Honeycutt Sally , Carvalho Michelle L. , Cherry Sabrina T. , Davis Tamara , Frazier Sheritta , Escoffery Cam , Kegler Michelle C. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose. The Emory Prevention Research Center’s Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network mini-grant program funded faith-based organizations to implement policy and environmental change to promote healthy eating and physical activity in rural South Georgia. This study describes the existing health promotion environment and its relationship to church member behavior. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Data were obtained from parishioners of six churches in predominantly rural South Georgia. Subjects. Participants were 319 church members with average age of 48 years, of whom 80% were female and 84% were black/African-American. Measures. Questionnaires assessed perceptions of the existing church health promotion environment relative to nutrition and physical activity, eating behavior and intention to use physical activity facilities at church, and eating and physical activity behaviors outside of church. Analysis. Multiple regression and ordinal logistic regression using generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustered data. Results. Results indicate that delivering messages via sermons and church bulletins, having healthy eating programs, and serving healthy foods are associated with participants’ self-reported consumption of healthy foods at church (all p values ≤ .001). Serving more healthy food and less unhealthy food was associated with healthier eating in general but not to physical activity in general (p values ≤ .001). Conclusion. The church environment may play an important role in supporting healthy eating in this setting and more generally.
Toward Effective Water Pipe Tobacco Control Policy in the United States: Synthesis of Federal, State, and Local Policy Texts
Authors: Colditz Jason B. , Ton Jessica N. , James A. Everette , Primack Brian A. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose. Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is growing in popularity among U.S. young adults and is associated with health risks similar to those of cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine existing tobacco control policies (TCPs) in order to investigate how they engage WTS. Approach. A systematic synthesis of content and legal interactions among federal, state, and local TCP documents. Setting. Pennsylvania, which represents a politically and demographically diverse microcosm of the United States. Participants. No human subjects. Method. Federal and state TCPs were retrieved via public legal repositories. Local policy searches were conducted via county/municipal Web sites, inclusive of 13 localities that had autonomous health departments or existing TCPs based on a National Cancer Institute report. Full-text TCPs were double coded within a grounded theory framework for health policy analysis. Emergent codes were used to compare and contrast policy texts and to examine legal interactions among TCPs. Results. Examination of policy categories including youth access, use restrictions, and taxation revealed WTS as largely omitted from current TCPs. WTS was sometimes addressed as an “other” tobacco product under older TCPs, though ambiguities in language led to questionable enforceability. State preemptions have rolled back or prevented well-tailored reforms at the local level. Federal preemptions have likewise constrained state TCPs. Conclusion. Outdated, preempted, and unclear policies limit the extent to which TCPs engage WTS. Health advocates might target these aspects of TCP reform.
Combined Associations of Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity on Multimorbidity: Findings From NHANES
Authors: Dankel Scott J. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose. Physical activity (PA) has previously been demonstrated to be inversely related with multimorbidity (having more than one chronic disease); however, it is unknown whether dual participation in both PA and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) may further reduce the odds of being multimorbid. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the association between multimorbidity and individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both PA and MSA. Design. Nonexperimental. Setting. The 2003–2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Subjects. Four thousand five hundred eighty-seven adults aged ≥20 years. Measures. Accelerometry-measured PA, self-reported MSA, and multimorbidity. Analysis. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results. The odds (95% confidence interval) of being multimorbid for those only meeting MSA guidelines, only meeting PA guidelines, and meeting both PA and MSA guidelines (vs. not meeting either), respectively, were .69 (.48, .98; p = .04), .55 (.44, .70; p < .01), and .38 (.27, .53; p < .01). Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both MSA and PA were less likely to be multimorbid than individuals participating in one or none of these exercise modalities. Determining effective ways to initiate and maintain concurrent adoption of MSA and PA is needed to provide a cost-effective behavioral alternative for reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity.
The Pain and Daily Consequences of Living with Endometriosis: A Qualitative Online Survey of Women in China, France and Russia
Authors: Chapron Charles , Santulli Pietro , Cabri Patrick 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Endometriosis, a costly public health problem that is painful and impacts daily living and fertility, is poorly understood and managed. This study aimed to understand the impact of endometriosis on women from three culturally and economically differing regions (China, France and Russia). Methods A 16-part questionnaire, administered to women aged 18-50 years, examined knowledge of endometriosis, diagnosis, and impact on activities of daily living. Results 2002 Chinese, 4001 French and 2005 Russian women completed the survey. Ninety percent of respondents had heard of endometriosis in China, 61% in Russia and 54% in France. Questioning about family history was low in France and Russia. Most women were diagnosed within five years; although 15% of French women waited >10 years for diagnosis. The numbers of women diagnosed with the different types of endometriosis were similar in China and Russia, respectively: 84% and 77% with superficial endometriosis; 22% and 23% with endometrioma; and 1% and 2% with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE); French women had a higher incidence of endometriomas (41%) and DIE (16%), with only 46% reporting superficial endometriosis. Most women received endometriosis treatment, although it varied by country. All women reported difficulties discussing endometriosis. Reasons included the feeling that it is normal to have pain during periods; >50% reported an impact on well-being, physical condition, morale and sex life. Conclusions This survey highlights important national differences in endometriosis awareness, perceptions and management, and reminds us that it may not be clinically meaningful to extrapolate data from one country to another.
Diagnosis and Management of Genitourinary Stone in Vesicovaginal Fistula Tract
Authors: Lee Toy , Jurnalov Catalin 
Published: January 2016

We present a case of a stone discovered in a vesicovaginal fistula after a total abdominal hysterectomy. Case A 53-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, and post-coital bleeding after hysterectomy. Her partner reported pain with intercourse as well. Physical examination revealed urinary stone wrapped around permanent suture within the vesicovaginal fistula tract. Patient was taken to the operating room for repair of the vesicovaginal fistula, anterior colporrhaphy and cystoscopy.
Chironomidae (Diptera) in the Himalayan Lakes – A study of sub-fossil assemblages in the sediments of two high altitude lakes from Nepal
Authors: Sharma Subodh , Gresens Susan , Janecek Berthold 
Published: January 2016

Chironomid head capsules were identified from sediment cores taken from Lake Gokyo (4750 m) and Lake Gosaikunda (4350 m) in the east-central Himalaya, to determine taxonomic composition of chironomid assemblages over time. The sedimentation rate of Lake Gosaikunda was estimated at 0.05 cm/yr and that of Gokyo was estimated at 0.07 cm/yr by 210Pb and 137Cs dating. Micropsectra sp. was dominant in the sediments of both lakes. Lake Gokyo sediments also contained Pseudodiamesa sp., Eukiefferiella/Tvetenia sp., Orthocladius/Cricotopus sp. and Rheocricotopus sp. The concentration of headcapsules was nearly an order of magnitude greater in the Lake Gosaikunda core, which contained mostly Micropsectra sp. and Pseudodiamesa sp. These taxa are typical of cold oligotrophic lakes. Differences in lake depth, dissolved minerals, plus epi- and hypolimnetic temperature and dissolved oxygen suggest that stratification and temperature-induced increases in primary production may affect chironomid assemblages in these pristine lakes. Palaeolimnological studies of Himalayan lakes should include replicate cores within lake, to increase headcapsule sample sizes given potentially high rates of sedimentation from glacial runoff. Key words: high altitude lakes, Himalaya, Chironomidae, palaeolimnology, Nepal
Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population
Authors: Alneami Yahya Mari , Coleman Christopher L. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. </p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.</p>
The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Family Planning among Girls and Young Women in the Philippines
Authors: Tsai Laura Cordisco , Cappa Claudia , Petrowski Nicole 
Published: January 2016

<p>This study explored the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and family planning among adolescent girls and young women in formal unions in the Philippines. Analyzing a sample (n =1,566) from the 2013 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey, logistic regression models were separately run for current contraception use and unmet need for family planning on recent physical violence (yes/no), recent sexual violence (yes/no), and recent emotional (yes/no). Findings revealed that the odds of using contraception were significantly higher among girls and young women who reported recent physical IPV (OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.13, 2.99; p&lt;0.05) and sexual IPV (OR=2.18; 95% CI=1.17, 4.06; p&lt;0.05). No significant relationship between recent emotional IPV and contraception use was found. Having an unmet need for family planning showed no significant relationship to IPV. The study adds to a growing body of literature revealing a positive association between IPV and contraception use. Findings hold implications for the provision of family planning services for adolescents and young women in response to the recent passage of landmark legislation pertaining to reproductive health in the Philippines, the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act. </p>
Identidade, modernidade e escrita eclesiástica em tempos de Reforma Ultramontana: apontamentos teóricos a partir das contribuições de Paul Ricoeur e Kathryn Woodward (Identity, modernity and ecclesiastical...)
Authors: Pires Tiago 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo objetiva analisar as formas de produção da identidade na modernidade por meio das construções simbólicas presentes nas narrativas memorialistas redigidas pela Igreja Católica, em fins do século XIX e início do XX. Discute-se alguns caminhos teóricos delineados por Paul Ricoeur e Kathryn Woodward, para se compreender como tais identidades são construídas e projetadas, seguindo um projeto teológico-político de fortalecimento da instituição pautado na elaboração de sacerdotes exemplares e santos. Busca-se relacionar tais premissas teóricas com o estudo da escrita eclesiástica no Brasil, particularmente em Minas Gerais, utilizada para consolidar o processo de reforma ultramontana em voga no catolicismo no Brasil. Para tanto, utilizamos como objeto de análise a figura de um sacerdote constituído como exemplar pelos periódicos oficiais da Diocese de Mariana, o padre e reitor do seminário, João Batista Cornagliotto (1855-1902).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article aims to analyze forms of production of identity in modernity from the symbolic constructions present in memoirists narratives written by the Catholic Church in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Discusses some theoretical paths outlined by Paul Ricoeur and Kathryn Woodward to understand how such identities are constructed and designed, following a theological-political project to strengthen the institution, founded on the development of exemplary priests and saints. We seek to relate such theoretical premises with the study of ecclesiastical writing in Brazil, particularly in Minas Gerais, used to consolidate the ultramontane reform process in vogue in Catholicism in Brazil. We used as the object of analysis the figure of a priest constructed as exemplary by the official journals of the Diocese of Mariana, the cleric and rector of the seminary João Batista Cornagliotto (1855-1902).</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Identity; Ecclesiastical Writing; Catholicism; Ultramontanism.</p>
Fabrication of tandem solar cells with all-solution processed multilayer structure using non-peripherally substituted octahexyl tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins
Authors: Dao Quang-Duy , Fujii Akihiko , Ozaki Masanori 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An effective way to improve the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells is to use a tandem structure, in which two organic solar cells with different absorption characteristics are linked to use a wider range of the solar spectrum. Herein, we report the fabrication of tandem solar cells with an all-solution processed multilayer structure utilizing a conventional structure composed of non-peripherally substituted octahexyl tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donors in the back and front cells, respectively. A transparent ZnO layer functions in electron transport for the front cell and as a stable foundation for the fabrication of the back cell to complete the tandem cell architecture. As a result, the tandem cell exhibited a relatively high open-circuit voltage of 1.4 V. Furthermore, by vapor-annealing treatment, the crystallization of the P3HT-conjugated polymer was improved and a PCE of 3.2% was achieved for the tandem cell with 5-min vapor-annealing treatment.
Large eddy simulation of turbulence and solute transport in a forested headwater stream
Authors: Khosronejad A. , Hansen A. T. , Kozarek J. L. , Guentzel K. , Hondzo M. , Guala M. , Wilcock P. , Finlay J. C. , Sotiropoulos F. 
Published: January 2016

The large eddy simulation (LES) module of the Virtual StreamLab (VSL3D) model is applied to simulate the flow and transport of a conservative tracer in a headwater stream in Minnesota, located in the south Twin Cities metropolitan area. The detailed geometry of the stream reach, which is ∼135 m long, ∼2.5 m wide, and ∼0.15 m deep, was surveyed and used as input to the computational model. The detailed geometry and location of large woody debris and bed roughness elements up to ∼0.1 m in size were also surveyed and incorporated in the numerical simulation using the Curvilinear Immersed Boundary approach employed in VSL3D. The resolution of the simulation, which employs up to a total of 25 million grid nodes to discretize the flow domain, is sufficiently fine to directly account for the effect of large woody debris and small cobbles (on the streambed) on the flow patterns and transport processes of conservative solutes. Two tracer injection conditions, a pulse and a plateau release, and two cross sections of measured velocity were used to validate the LES results. The computed results are shown to be in good agreement with the field measurements and tracer concentration time series. To our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to simulate via high‐resolution LES solute transport in a natural stream environment taking into account a range of roughness length scales spanning an order of magnitude: from small cobbles on the streambed (∼0.1 m in diameter) to large woody debris up to ∼3 m long.
Plasma potential in the sheaths of electron‐emitting surfaces in space
Authors: Wang X. , Pilewskie J. , Hsu H.‐W. , Horányi M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSheaths are formed around the surfaces of airless bodies, which both collect and emit electrons. Depending on the ratio of the emitted to collected electron fluxes Γ, the sheath potential structure can be quite different. We present the first experimental measurements of all the three types of the sheath potentials: classical, space‐charge‐limited (SCL), and inverse. A solid surface immersed in plasmas emits secondary electrons. The potential structure changes from a monotonic classical to a nonmonotonic SCL sheath as Γ increases. At the critical electron emission with zero electric field at the surface, the sheath potential is determined by the plasma electron temperature, and Γ approaches but remains smaller than 1, in agreement with the theoretical expectation. The nonmonotonic SCL sheath persists steadily for Γ > 1. When the emitted electron density becomes larger than the plasma electron density, a monotonic inverse sheath forms with a positive surface potential relative to the ambient.
Slow slip events and time‐dependent variations in locking beneath Lower Cook Inlet of the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction zone
Authors: Li Shanshan , Freymueller Jeffrey , McCaffrey Robert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe identify a series of abrupt changes in GPS site velocities in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, in late 2004, early 2010, and late 2011. The site motions during each time period are nearly linear. The surface deformations inferred from GPS for pre‐2004 and 2010–2011 are similar to each other, as are 2004–2010 and post‐2011. We estimate the slip distribution on the Alaska‐Aleutian subduction plate interface accounting for upper plate block rotations and interpret this toggling between two deformation patterns as caused by transient slip. We find that by allowing negative slip deficit rates (i.e., creep rates in excess of relative plate motion), the data in Lower Cook Inlet are fit significantly better during pre‐2004 and 2010–2011, suggesting the occurrence of slow slip events (SSEs) there during those time periods. The earlier SSE lasted at least 9 years (observations in that area began in 1995) with Mw ~7.8. The latter SSE had almost the same area as the earlier one and a duration of ~2 years with Mw ~7.2. During 2004–2010 and post‐2011, the inversions result in only positive slip deficit rates (i.e., locking) in Lower Cook Inlet. Slip rates are nearly constant during the Lower Cook Inlet SSEs, and the events start and stop abruptly. Both of these properties contrast with observations of SSEs in Upper Cook Inlet and elsewhere. The Lower Cook Inlet SSEs are consistent with previously proposed duration‐magnitude scaling laws and demonstrate that slow slip events can last as long as a decade.
Quest for Efficient Catalysts based on Zinc tert‐Butyl Peroxides for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Enones: C2‐ vs C1‐Symmetric Auxiliaries
Authors: Raheem Keeri Abdul , Justyniak Iwona , Jurczak Janusz , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractZinc tert‐butyl peroxide‐based catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of enones using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant have been developed. A comparative study of chiral monoanioninc N,N′‐bidentate ligands, C2‐symmetric bisoxazolinates and C1‐symmetric enaminooxazolinates, revealed excellent performance of C1‐symmetric auxiliary ligands on catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of enones (up to 96% yield, 91% ee).magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Ferrocenecarboxylic Acid by using 8‐Aminoquinoline as a Removable Directing Group
Authors: Sattar Moh. , Praveen  , Durga Prasad Ch. , Verma Ajay , Kumar Shailesh , Kumar Sangit 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA mild and efficient palladium‐catalyzed synthetic method for the CH functionalization of N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)ferrocenecarboxamide has been developed. Various aryl iodides containing I, NO2, CN, COMe, CO2Et, and NH functionalities and also alkyl iodides underwent the Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular carbon‐carbon bond forming reaction with ferrocenecarboxamide successfully which led to a diverse array of bis(aryl/alkyl)ferrocenecarboxamides in 34–92% yields. Cross‐coupling of the ferrocenyl CH bond with aryl iodides can also be achieved utilizing an economical Ni catalyst. Additionally, selective monoalkylation of ferrocenecarboxamide was studied using sodium bicarbonate as base and dibenzylphosphoric acid as additive under Pd‐catalyzed reaction conditions. Subsequently, removal of the directing group, 8‐aminoquinoline, from bis(aryl)ferrocenecarboxamides led to bis(aryl)ferrocenes bearing versatile methyl ester and carboxaldehyde functional groups.magnified image
Dynamic Reductive Kinetic Resolution of Benzyl Ketones using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Anion Exchange Resins
Authors: Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Mangas‐Sánchez Juan , Busto Eduardo , Gotor Vicente , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDynamic reductive kinetic resolutions of racemic 3‐arylalkanones have been performed by the proper combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase and a basic anionic resin. The best results were found for the bioreduction with the alcohol dehydrogenase type A from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli/ADH‐A) and the commercially available evo‐1.1.200, while the Amberlite IRA‐440 C and the DOWEX‐MWA‐1 resins allowed efficient in situ racemizations. Reaction conditions were optimized in terms of enzyme source and loading, type and amount of resin, pH, temperature and reaction times, obtaining a series of (R,R)‐substituted propan‐2‐ols with good conversions and both diastereoselectivity and stereoselectivity. As a proof of concept, the subsequent intramolecular cyclization of a selected propan‐2‐ol substrate afforded a valuable isochroman heterocycle without any loss of the optical purity.magnified image