bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using palm oil residue for food nutrition and quality: from palm fatty acid distillate to vitamin E toward sustainability
Authors: Pramana Angga , Kurnia Dihan , Firmanda Afrinal , Rossi Evy , AR Nur Hasnah , Putri Vivin Jenika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasing global palm oil production yields a valuable palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) – a rich vitamin E (Vit‐E) source and multifunctional ingredient in the food agro‐industry – that can be utilized to achieve sustainability. This article reviews trends in the use and role of PFAD and its Vit‐E in the food sector and proposes an integrated agro‐industrial concept toward sustainability. Vit‐E can be separated from PFAD with diverse and impactful pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and anti‐ultraviolet effects. Based on in vivo experimental tests, PFAD and Vit‐E supplementation can enhance the productivity and quality of livestock‐based food products. PFAD is a plasticizer and antistatic packaging material in food packaging systems, and its derivatives can be used as food additives. Meanwhile, the Vit‐E molecule in packaging can extend food shelf life by maintaining color stability, reducing lipid oxidation and rancidity, adding antimicrobial properties, and influencing changes in packaging properties such as water vapor, tensile strength, melting point and other physical properties. Toward sustainability, an integrated agro‐industrial design has been proposed to implement clean production, increase the added value of palm oil industry residues, minimize environmental risks and increase profits to achieve long‐term social welfare. In conclusion, PFAD residues and their Vit‐E content have shown broad benefits in the food sector and prospects toward sustainability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evolving intersections: AI, disability, and academic integrity in higher education
Authors: Jafry Azeezah , Vorstermans Jessica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the critical intersections of AI, academic integrity, and disability in the context of a large undergraduate course. Our aim was to adapt the course to respond to generative AI (GenAI) to avoid entrenching barriers for students, and instead teach them how to use GenAI tools in ways that deepen their learning and uphold academic honesty. Grounded in disability justice and access pedagogies, we outline five design goals centered on guidelines for AI usage, education on responsible AI use, revised assessments, support for teaching assistants (TAs), and accessible materials. These activities are detailed in our methodology. In our findings, we provide a critical reflection of the course adaptation, taking up issues such as varying levels of familiarity with GenAI, students’ capacity to engage with course changes, resistance to GenAI, instructors’ relational shifts to AI, and feelings of demoralization among the teaching team. We conclude by offering practical recommendations for educators, calling for learning communities to view this disruption as an invitation to listen to disabled students.
Dynamical Behaviour and Strength of Structural Elements with Regeneration Induced Imperfections and Residual Stresses
Authors: Berger Ricarda , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRepair techniques allow to refurbish blades of jet engines and extend the service life of engine components. However, the mechanical properties of the repaired blades commonly differ from those of the nominal blades. The changes in vibration behaviour and stress distribution resulting from the repair processes could significantly impair the structural integrity of blades. This work addresses this evaluation of repair-specific influences on the structural integrity of blades of blade-integrated disks (blisks). Numerical methods are employed to model and analyse the structural changes of different repair designs. Using Finite Element (FE) simulations, the influences of different repair techniques and designs are systematically evaluated and compared. To further improve the maintenance procedures of blisks, a computational scheme is developed, which features the optimization of repair designs according to the inspected damage of the blade. Since the corresponding optimization tasks involve multiple conflicting objectives, multi-objective optimization is carried out to identify Pareto-optimal repair designs.
Fast Measurement of Complex Geometries Using Inverse Fringe Projection
Authors: Middendorf Philipp , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe inspection in confined spaces, for instance inside aircraft engines, is currently performed manually, since the inspection approaches cannot be sufficiently automated. Using a novel sensor system based on the borescopic fringe projection method, such small installation spaces can be inspected with high precision 3D measurements. This provides a basis for a standardization of the inspection processes during maintenance cycles. In order to automate the inspection process, an approach to plan measurement strategies based on ray tracing simulations of the optical measurement is presented. By taking multiple reflections and the corresponding reconstruction failures into account suitable measurement poses are identified. Finally, an in-situ measurement approach to assess the condition of (aero engine) turbine blades and derived damages is presented.
Non-destructive Characterization of Coating and Material Conditions of Heavily Stressed Turbine Components
Authors: Weiss Maximilian K.-B. , Barton Sebastian , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents non-destructive testing techniques for the fast assessment and detailed characterization of turbine blades. Different inspection techniques were developed to realize a flexible and adaptive inspection sequence. In addition to an initial inspection, the advantages of this inspection system with regard to quality assurance measures are also discussed. In this context, the focus is on regeneration. Furthermore, fatigue tests with combined non-destructive testing techniques are presented and the benefit of this new approach for in-situ monitoring of the microstructural evolution is shown.
Resilience-Based Decision Criteria for Optimal Regeneration
Authors: Salomon Julian , Broggi Matteo , Beer Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComplex capital goods, such as jet engines, are critical to the functioning of modern societies. These sys- tems are exposed to various threats that cannot be prevented entirely. Thus, the concept of resilience – encompassing reliability as well as robustness and recovery in the presence of a disruptive event – is combined with efficient reliability methods to support decision making for complex capital goods. As fundamental step, the current work addresses the generation of a functional model from a physical model based on sensitivity analyses. The developed resilience analysis framework is applied to this model in order to derive conclusions supporting decision maker while incorporating monetary and technical aspects. A combination with the concept of survival signature allows efficient reliability analysis in repeated model evaluations. A novel methodology is developed by amalgamating the non-intrusive stochastic simulation method and the concept of survival signature leading to an significant reduction of the computational effort when considering mixed uncertainties.
Process Chain for Condition-Based Regeneration
Authors: Nuebel Nicolas , Seume Joerg R. , Denkena Berend 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe regeneration of complex capital goods is dominated by manual labor and experience-based decisions about machining measures. The functional condition, which describes how well a part performs its task, is unknown before and after regeneration. Instead, the target geometries for the regeneration are based on continuity constraints and subjective assessments. In this study, a new type of process chain for condition- based regeneration is developed that selects the machining measures based on the achievable functional condition, the production effort as well as customer requirements. This allows a targeted and efficient decision on a regeneration process based on the customer requirements for the functional condition. A proof-of-concept process chain was successfully built to demonstrate the feasibility of this novel approach. It was shown that the concept is realizable with currently available technologies and that the functional assessment has minor influence on the regeneration time.
Dexterous Regeneration Cell
Authors: Denkena Berend , Schumacher Tim , Hein Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComplex capital goods such as components from aircraft engines or gas and steam turbines usually have free-form geometry features, individual material deposits, and poor machining accessibility. The recontouring of these components requires increased machine and process flexibility. In sub-project B2, “Dexterous Regeneration Cell”, a dexterous milling repair cell was researched, representing a central component of the real regeneration path in the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 871. “Dexterousness” is understood as the ability to carry out a self-optimizing, best possible repair machining. The combination of advanced methods for process design, novel machine tool technologies and adaptive machining functionalities allows the reliable 5-axis recontouring of individual damage cases despite repair-specific variances, influences from upstream processes, and flexibility of the workpiece or tool. In this paper, a force model is created using artificial intelligence to determine variances. Further process knowledge is obtained to minimize shape deviations. Furthermore, the displacement in the recontouring process of turbine blades is carried out with the help of a magnetically guided spindle.
Institutional Differentiation of Public Service Provision in Japan: Corporatisation, Privatisation, and Re-municipalisation
Authors: Matsunami Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe modern Japanese government has remained ‘small’ in terms of the number of public employees by developing several ways to provide public services. Before World War II, Japan created public enterprises, special companies, public corporations, and other legal entities. Many companies were contracted to the government to provide public services. Industrial associations played an important role in regulating industrial sectors. Local governments followed the central government in providing public services. At the grassroots level, neighbourhood organisations played important roles in providing information from the government and complementing public service provision by local governments. Public service provisions by quasi-governmental and non-governmental organisations continued after World War II. Public corporations were established to develop infrastructure and welfare services. Local governments also established local public corporations. In recent years, administrative reforms have converted the provision of some public services by the public sector into provision by the private sector. Public corporations were privatised and reorganised. An Incorporated Administrative Agency (IAA) was created. At the local government level, public service provisions by non-governmental bodies were expanded by the Designated Management System (DMS). Thus, institutional differentiation of public service provision allowed the Japanese government to remain small.
Control and Evaluation
Authors: Yamaya Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAt the end of the twentieth century, the Japanese government began using evaluation as a means of ensuring accountability, and controlling the public administration became synonymous with accountability. This chapter will explain the history and current situation of such evaluation and point out its problems. In Japan, control of public administration became a system that uses various methods to pursue various accountabilities. And New Public Management (NPM) has also influenced the system. The way of thinking about control by traditional laws and regulations has also continued, and therefore, a problem (“overload of accountability”) arose. Based on those things, this chapter will introduce the proposals that Japanese government adopted to continue evaluation.
Internationalization and Japanese Public Administration
Authors: Shiroyama Hideaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfter the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan began to build a modern state as a latecomer. Operating under international regimes, Japan proceeded to build an administrative state while referring to models provided by various other countries. The behavioral pattern of modifying and selecting aspects of models provided by Western countries in line with conditions in Japan constitutes a basic behavioral pattern characteristic of public administration in Japan. This chapter analyzes the development of public administration in Japan starting in the second half of the nineteenth century from the perspective of the interaction between the international regimes and domestic dynamism across three stages: the construction of a modern state under unequal treaties, reforms carried out during the Occupation regime under the GHQ (General Headquarters of the Allied Powers), and reforms carried out in response to external pressure for internationalization and globalization. In addition, the division of roles among multiple levels of government corresponding to international, national, and local frameworks and the institutional choices that are made at each level in the context of the modern operations of public administration in Japan will be examined in accordance with specific examples of the domestic implementation of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement.
Plant G × Microbial E: Plant Genotype Interaction with Soil Bacterial Community Shapes Rhizosphere Composition During Invasion
Authors: Berlow Mae , Mesa Miles , Creek Mikayla , Duarte Jesse G. , Carpenter Elizabeth , Phinizy Brandon , Andonian Krikor , Dlugosch Katrina M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that different genetic variants of hosts can uniquely shape their microbiomes. Invasive species often evolve in their introduced ranges, but little is known about the potential for their microbial associations to change during invasion as a result. We asked whether host genotype (G), microbial environment (E), or their interaction (G × E) affected the composition and diversity of host-associated microbiomes in Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle), a Eurasian plant that is known to have evolved novel genotypes and phenotypes and to have altered microbial interactions, in its severe invasion of CA, USA. We conducted an experiment in which native and invading plant genotypes were inoculated with native and invaded range soil microbial communities. We used amplicon sequencing to characterize rhizosphere bacteria in both the experiment and the field soils from which they were derived. We found that native and invading plant genotypes accumulated different microbial associations at the family level in each soil community, often counter to differences in family abundance between soil communities. Root associations with potentially beneficial Streptomycetaceae were particularly interesting, as these were more abundant in the invaded range field soil and accumulated on invading genotypes. We also found that bacterial diversity is higher in invaded soils, but that invading genotypes accumulated a lower diversity of bacteria and unique microbial composition in experimental inoculations, relative to native genotypes. Thus variation in microbial associations of invaders was driven by the interaction of plant G and microbial E, and rhizosphere microbial communities appear to change in composition in response to host evolution during invasion.
3d fluid–structure interaction simulation with an Arbitrary–Lagrangian–Eulerian approach with applications to flying objects
Authors: Di Cristofaro Daniele , Frangi Attilio , Cremonesi Massimiliano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAir-structure interaction is a key aspect to account for during the design of Micro Air Vehicles. In this context, modelisation and numerical simulations represent a powerful tool to analyse aerodynamic performances. This work proposes an advanced fluid–structure interaction numerical technique for the simulation of dragonfly wings, considered one of the most interesting model due to their complex flapping kinematic. The fluid subproblem, described by incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, is solved in a Finite Element Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian framework, while the solid subproblem is addressed using structural Finite Element, such as membranes and beams. Moreover, a novel remeshing algorithm based on connectivity manipulation and refinement procedure has been implemented to reduce element distortion in fluid mesh, thus increasing the accuracy of the fluid solution. Firstly, the deformation of a single hindwing has been studied. Secondly, the dragonfly model is enriched by incorporating the forewing and a simplified thorax geometry. Preliminary results highlight the complex dynamic of the fluid around the body as well as the efficiency of the proposed mesh generation algorithm.
Seamounts Enhance the Local Emission of CO2 in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Gong , Han Bo , Yang Qinghua , Zhu Xueming , Wang Xiaojing , He Honge , Li Hongliang , Wang Xinyang , Xie Wei , Chen Dake 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe South China Sea is a typical marginal sea characterized by the presence of numerous seamounts. However, the effect of seamounts on the air‐sea CO2 flux has not yet been well studied. In September 2021, the air‐sea CO2 flux was measured directly using eddy covariance (EC), and discrete waterside sampling was conducted. The results indicate that the northern South China Sea is a source of atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, EC measurements show that the seamount emits CO2 at an average rate of 0.34 mmol m−2 hr−1, nearly double that of non‐seamount areas. We suggest that the upwelling around the seamount transports deep water rich in dissolved inorganic carbon to the upper ocean, increasing the partial pressure of CO2 there. In addition, the increase in nutrients caused by the upwelling would increase the concentration of chlorophyll‐a, resulting in a productive area that emits CO2.
First Altitude‐Triggered Lightning Experiment Associated With an Elevated Wind Turbine Blade on the Ground
Authors: He Jinliang , Yang Guohua , Li Quanxin , Zhang Jianpei , Zhang Yang , Lyu Weitao , Fu Lei , Zhuang Chijie , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLightning is the severest threaten to safe operation of wind turbines. In this letter, the authors present the first altitude‐triggered lightning experiment involving an elevated 12 m‐long wind turbine blade placed on the ground. A total of 50 precursors with amplitude over 62.9 A were observed through measurements of channel‐base current, fast electric field, and optical data. The air gap with around 3–5 m has been bridged between the wire's lower extremity and the metal blade tip during ascending of the rocket and it is observed to be luminous by slow framing rate camera. The precursors are classified into three groups, namely bipolar pulses, unipolar pulses, and group pulses. Excluding the precursors preceding the initial stage and M‐components at the late‐time of the initial stage, five stages are classified. In the first stage, the current remains limited at a relatively small value, while the electric field exhibited a slow rising behavior with positive polarity. In the second stage, the current starts to increase, and the electric field rapidly intensifies due to the accumulating charge, and the wire is assumed to experience an explosion. In the third stage, the reconnection process occurs. The current is characterized by a peak value of 1.45 kA with 10%–90% risetime of 10.4 μs. The electric fields suffer from notable decrease and are characterized by a microsecond‐scale V‐shape pulse. The current cutoff is quite short that almost not found. In the fourth step, the current is characterized by superimposed pulses. The final stage is the channel darkening.
Global Compression of the Plasma Sheet and Magnetotail During Intense Storms From THEMIS Observations
Authors: Alqeeq S. W. , Fontaine D. , Le Contel O. , Akhavan Tafti M. , Cazzola E. , Atilaw T. , Angelopoulos V. , Auster H. U. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe estimate the global impact of storms on the global structure and dynamics of the night side plasma sheet from observations by the NASA mission Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS). We focus on an intense storm occurring in December 2015 triggered by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). It starts with a storm sudden commencement (SSC) phase (SYM‐H +50 nT) followed by a growth phase (SYM‐H −188 nT at the minimum) and then a long recovery phase lasting several days. We investigate THEMIS observations when the spacecraft were located in the midnight sector of the plasma sheet at distances typically between 8 and 13 Earth's radii. It is found that the plasma sheet has been globally compressed up to a value of about 4 nPa during the SSC and main phases, that is, 8 times larger than its value during the quiet phase before the event. This compression occurs during periods of high dynamic pressure in the ICME (20 nPa) about one order of magnitude larger than its value in the pristine solar wind. We infer a global increase of the lobe magnetic field from 30 to 100 nT, confirmed by THEMIS data just outside the plasma sheet. During the SSC and main phases, the plasma sheet is found thinner by a factor of 2 relative to its thickness at quiet times, while the Tsyganenko T96 magnetic field model shows very stretched magnetic field lines from inner magnetospheric regions toward the night side. During the recovery phase, whereas the interplanetary pressure has dropped off, the plasma sheet tends to gradually recover its quiet phase characteristics (pressure, thickness, magnetic configuration, etc.) during a long recovery phase of several days.