bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone
Authors: Gramlich Susanne , Hörandl Elvira 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHybrid fitness is an important parameter to predict the evolutionary consequences of a hybridization event and to characterize hybrid zones. We studied fitness parameters of F1and later‐generation hybrids between the lowland speciesSalix purpureaand the alpineS. helveticathat have recently emerged during colonization of an alpine glacier forefield. Fruit production (number of capsules per catkin and fruit set) did not differ between hybrids and parents, but the number of seeds per capsule of F1hybrids was slightly lower than that of later‐generation hybrids and of the parents. Germination rates and seedling growth were tested on three substrates (pH4.5, 7.0, and 8.0). Germination rates of seeds collected from F1hybrids were lower on acid and neutral substrates, but equal atpH8.0 compared to all other groups, while the seeds from later‐generation hybrids performed as well as the parents on all three substrates. In seedling growth, the colonizerS. purpureaperformed better than all other taxa on all three substrates, while hybrids resembled the subalpine speciesS. helvetica. Results suggest that endogenous selection acts against F1hybrids, but favors fitter genotypes in later‐generation hybrids. Exogenous selection via soilpHappears to be weak during seedling establishment. The pioneer vegetation on the glacier forefield may offer sufficient niche space for hybrid seedlings. Owing to the relatively high fitness of the hybrids and the scattered distribution of hybrids and parental individuals on the glacier forefield, this hybrid zone can be assigned to a mosaic model, probably facilitating gene flow and introgression between the parental species. As establishment of the hybrid zone appears to be linked to a colonization process, we propose to call it a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone.
Multiple generalist morphs of Lake Trout: Avoiding constraints on the evolution of intraspecific divergence?
Authors: Chavarie Louise , Harford William J. , Howland Kimberly L. , Fitzsimons John , Muir Andrew M. , Krueger Charles C. , Tonn William M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA generalist strategy, as an adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, is common in Arctic freshwater systems, often accompanied, however, by intraspecific divergence that promotes specialization in niche use. To better understand how resources may be partitioned in a northern system that supports intraspecific diversity of Lake Trout, trophic niches were compared among four shallow‐water morphotypes in Great Bear Lake (N65° 56′ 39″, W120° 50′ 59″). Bayesian mixing model analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were conducted on adult Lake Trout. Major niche overlap in resource use among four Lake Trout morphotypes was found within littoral and pelagic zones, which raises the question of how such polymorphism can be sustained among opportunistic generalist morphotypes. Covariances of our morphological datasets were tested against δ13C and δ15N values. Patterns among morphotypes were mainly observed for δ15N. This link between ecological and morphological differentiation suggested that selection pressure(s) operate at the trophic level (δ15N), independent of habitat, rather than along the habitat‐foraging opportunity axis (δ13C). The spatial and temporal variability of resources in Arctic lakes, such as Great Bear Lake, may have favored the presence of multiple generalists showing different degrees of omnivory along a weak benthic–pelagic gradient. Morphs 1–3 had more generalist feeding habits using both benthic and pelagic habitats than Morph 4, which was a top‐predator specialist in the pelagic habitat. Evidence for frequent cannibalism in Great Bear Lake was found across all four morphotypes and may also contribute to polymorphism. We suggest that the multiple generalist morphs described here from Great Bear Lake are a unique expression of diversity due to the presumed constraints on the evolution of generalists and contrast with the development of multiple specialists, the standard response to intraspecific divergence.
Estimators for QST and coalescence times
Authors: Weaver Timothy D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractComparisons of to can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that lead to differentiation, or lack thereof, among the phenotypes of different groups (e.g., populations, species), and these comparisons have been performed on a variety of taxa, including humans. Here, I show that for neutrally evolving (i.e., by genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow alone) quantitative characters, the two commonly used estimators have somewhat different interpretations in terms of coalescence times, particularly when the number of groups that have been sampled is small. A similar situation occurs for estimators. Consequently, when observations come from only a small number of groups, which is not an unusual situation, it is important to match estimators appropriately when comparing to .
Seed bank and big sagebrush plant community composition in a range margin for big sagebrush
Authors: Martyn Trace E. , Bradford John B. , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Burke Ingrid C. , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe potential influence of seed bank composition on range shifts of species due to climate change is unclear. Seed banks can provide a means of both species persistence in an area and local range expansion in the case of increasing habitat suitability, as may occur under future climate change. However, a mismatch between the seed bank and the established plant community may represent an obstacle to persistence and expansion. In big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plant communities in Montana, USA, we compared the seed bank to the established plant community. There was less than a 20% similarity in the relative abundance of species between the established plant community and the seed bank. This difference was primarily driven by an overrepresentation of native annual forbs and an underrepresentation of big sagebrush in the seed bank compared to the established plant community. Even though we expect an increase in habitat suitability for big sagebrush under future climate conditions at our sites, the current mismatch between the plant community and the seed bank could impede big sagebrush range expansion into increasingly suitable habitat in the future.
The demography of tree species response to climate: sapling and canopy tree growth
Authors: Canham Charles D. , Murphy Lora 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite the clear need to predict the effects of climate change on the distribution and abundance of temperate tree species, there is still only a rudimentary understanding of how climate influences key demographic processes that determine the current distribution and abundance of tree species. We use data from the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program to quantify the relationships between two key climate variables—mean annual temperature and effective growing season precipitation—and rates of sapling and canopy tree growth for the 50 most common tree species in the eastern United States. Our models include the effects of tree size, competition, and anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition, both to avoid confounding effects and to provide context for the importance of variation in climate relative to other factors known to influence tree growth. The 50 species show a broad range of relationships between size and growth, in contrast to predictions of metabolic theory. The 50 species differ widely in shade tolerance, and both saplings and canopy trees show a wide range of competitive responses to total stand basal area. The competitive responses of canopy trees were more sensitive than were saplings to the size of an individual relative to the median size of trees in the stand. As has been shown in other studies with FIA data, species responses to N deposition also varied widely and were related to the type of mycorrhizal association of the tree species. Relationships between the two climate variables and tree growth were surprisingly modest, and bore little obvious relationship to the distributions of the species along climate gradients. For over a quarter of the species, there was no statistical support for a relationship between 5‐yr average growing season precipitation and 5‐yr average growth, and for most of the remaining species, the relationship was effectively flat over a wide range of precipitation. Responses to regional variation in mean annual temperature were stronger, but again showed little obvious correlation with the distribution of abundance of most species along the temperature gradient.
Impaired hepato‐renal function defined by the MELD XI score as prognosticator in acute heart failure
Authors: Biegus Jan , Zymliński Robert , Sokolski Mateusz , Siwołowski Paweł , Gajewski Piotr , Nawrocka‐Millward Sylwia , Poniewierka Elżbieta , Jankowska Ewa A. , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimMulti‐organ dysfunction often complicates the natural course of acute heart failure (AHF) and identifies patients with poor prognosis. The MELD score (Model of End‐Stage Liver Dysfunction) combines data reflecting liver and kidney function, which makes it a potentially useful tool for the assessment of patients with AHF. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic utility of the MELD score in patients with AHF.Methods and resultsThe MELD score was calculated on admission and during hospital stay (days 2–3) using a formula that does not take into account the international normalized ratio (MELD XI). The study population consisted of 203 AHF patients (mean age 65 ± 12 years, 76% male). The mean MELD XI score was −14.8 ± 4.5 points on admission and 13.9 ± 4.3 points during hospitalization. Contributors of elevated MELD XI score at baseline and during hospital stay were isolated increase in creatinine in 22–25%, isolated increase in bilirubin in 17–19%, and abnormal values of both in 40–46% of patients. During 1‐year follow‐up, 67 (33%) patients died. After adjustment for well‐established prognosticators, MELD XI score at baseline and during hospital stay were significant predictors of poor outcome [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.11 (1.05–1.2) and 1.14 (1.09–1.2), respectively, P < 0.001]. An increase in the MELD XI score during hospital stay occurred in 31% of patients and was related to increased risk of death at 1 year [1.97 (1.2–3.2), P < 0.005].ConclusionsImpairment of hepato‐renal function defined by the MELD XI score is common and carries unfavourable prognosis in AHF patients.
Design of experiments‐based high‐throughput strategy for development and optimization of efficient cell disruption protocols
Authors: Glauche Florian , Pilarek Maciej , Bournazou Mariano Nicolas Cruz , Grunzel Petra , Neubauer Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEfficient and reproducible cell lysis is a crucial step during downstream processing of intracellular products. The composition of an optimal lysis buffer should be chosen depending on the organism, its growth status, the applied detection methods, and even the target molecule. Especially for high‐throughput applications, where sample volumes are limited, the adaptation of a lysis buffer to the specific campaign is an urgent need. Here, we present a general design of experiments‐based strategy suitable for eight constituents and demonstrate the strength of this approach by the development of an efficient lysis buffer for Gram‐negative bacteria, which is applicable in a high‐throughput format in a short time. The concentrations of four lysis‐inducing chemical agents EDTA, lysozyme, Triton X‐100, and polymyxin B were optimized for maximal soluble protein concentration and ß‐galactosidase activity in a 96‐well format on a Microlab Star liquid handling platform under design of experiments methodology. The resulting lysis buffer showed the same performance as a commercially available lysis buffer. The developed protocol resulted in an optimized buffer within only three runs. The established procedure can be easily applied to adapt the lysis buffer to other strains and target molecules.
Installation of a microseismic monitoring system in the Mittersill scheelite mine / Aufbau eines mikroseismischen Überwachungssystems im Mittersiller Scheelit Bergbau
Authors: Gaul Felix , Eggenreich Stefan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe 500.000 t/a underground Mittersill scheelite mine produced around 12 Mio. t during its 40 year lifetime. The active western field dips with 55° to the NNW under the western flank of the steep valley. The ore zone is developed over a vertical length of 600 m from its outcrop at 1.250 m down to the 650 m asl. The deepest workings are already more than 1.000 m below surface due to the dipping below the mountain range. Open stoping with backfill, cut and fill as well as sublevel caving are the prominent mining methods. End of 2015 a micro seismic system from Canadian ESG Solution was installed to get a better understanding of induced stresses and movements in rock formation. As of December 2015 the system consisting of ten sensors are constantly recording all microseismic events in the mine at a depth between 500 and 1.000 m. The events are analysed and graphically displayed according their location, magnitude and category.Der Mittersiller untertägige Scheelit Bergbau gewinnt pro Jahr etwa 500.000 t Erz. Über die Lebensdauer des Betriebs wurden bereits mehr als 12 Mio. t abgebaut. Die derzeit im Abbau befindliche Lagerstätte, das sogenannte Westfeld fällt mit etwa 55° noch NNW unter den Hang ein. Die Lagerstätte ist vom Ausbiss auf dem Niveau 1.250 m NN bis zum Niveau 650 m NN über 600 Höhenmeter aufgeschlossen. Durch das Einfallen unter den Hang haben die tiefsten Grubenbaue bereits eine Überdeckung von über 1.000 m. Als Abbauverfahren kommen großräumiger Weitungsbau, Firstenstoßbau und Teilsohlenbruchbau zur Anwendung. Ende 2015 wurde ein mikroseismisches Überwachungssystem der kanadischen Firma ESG Solutions installiert, um ein besseres Verständnis über die durch den Bergbau hervorgerufenen Spannungsverlagerungen und Bewegungen im Gebirgsverband zu bekommen. Seit Dezember 2015 erfolgen die Aufzeichnungen in einem Bereich mit einer Überdeckung von 500 bis 1.000 m. Das System erfasst mithilfe von zehn Sensoren seismische Aktivität und zeichnet diese kontinuierlich in Echtzeit auf. Die Ereignisse werden nach Ort, Größe und Kategorie ausgewertet und dreidimensional grafisch dargestellt.
Semmering Base Tunnel completely under construction – Geotechnical prediction transforms to framework plan / Der Semmering‐Basistunnel: Von der geotechnischen Prognose zur tunnelbautechnischen Rahmenplanung
Authors: Wagner Oliver K. , Gobiet Gerhard , Druckfeuchter Hubert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince construction work of section SBT3.1 has started in May 2016, all contract sections of the Semmering Base Tunnel are under construction. Therefore, the geotechnical prediction designed for the tendering transforms to the framework planning required for construction. During the tendering process, the crucial aim of the geotechnical prediction is to depict the expected ranges of the general conditions for contract design and cost estimation. The framework planning for construction on the other hand defines the minimum requirements for tunnel driving at the expected ground conditions. The specification of requirements is set for all driving works – for tunnel and cross‐sections as well as for shafts and complex areas with caverns and therefore varies in expected ground conditions and in complexity of the structure. If the need for an adjustment is indicated on site, the framework plan can be revised in justified cases.Seit dem Baubeginn im Baulos SBT3.1, im Mai 2016, sind alle drei Tunnelbaulose des Semmering‐Basistunnels in Bau. Damit erfolgt aus tunnelplanerischer Sicht der Übergang von der geotechnischen Prognose der Ausschreibungsplanung zur tunnelbautechnischen Rahmenplanung für die Bauausführung. In der Ausschreibungsphase ist das wesentlichste Ziel der Prognose die Darstellung der erwarteten Bandbreiten der Rahmenbedingungen für die Vertragsgestaltung und die Angebotskalkulation. Die Rahmenplanung für die Bauausführung wiederum hat zum Ziel die Mindestanforderungen für den Vortrieb unter den erwarteten Baugrundverhältnissen zu definieren. Diese Vorgaben erfolgen für sämtliche Vortriebsarbeiten – sowohl für die Tunnel und Querschläge als auch für die Schächte und die Kavernenbereiche – und unterscheiden sich nach den erwarteten Baugrundverhältnissen und der Komplexität des Bauwerks. Werden Anpassungserfordernisse vor Ort erkannt, erfolgt in begründeten Fällen eine Rahmenplanfortschreibung.
Studies of flooding induced by seismicity in the Schlema‐Alberoda uranium mine / Untersuchungen zur flutungsinduzierten Seismizität im Uranerzbergwerk Schlema‐Alberoda
Authors: Schütz Holger , Konietzky Heinz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe uranium mine in Schlema‐Alberoda near the town Aue in south‐east Germany was operated between 1947 and 1990. In 1979, a seismic event with local magnitude of ML = 2.9 and intensity MSK = 5 (Medvedev‐Sponheuer‐Karnik scale) was monitored close to the mining area. Due to this event and observations of underground dynamic de‐stressing, a local seismic network was installed and extended in the following years. Seismic events were routinely located and source parameters for selected events were determined [1], [2]. It was found that most of the sources of dynamic events are located outside the mine, in the neighbouring granitic intrusion. During the period of active mining, continuous online evaluation of seismic events was performed in conjunction with online hazard evaluation [2].In 1990, the controlled flooding of the mine was started. A total excavated volume of 35 m. m3 had to be flooded. The flooding was completed in 2012. The flooding process was continuously monitored with a seismic network over the whole period of 22 years. This large dataset has been used for statistical calculations, correlations between seismicity and flooding level and ground velocity predictions.Im Bergwerk Schlema‐Alberoda, in der Nähe der Stadt Aue im Südosten Deutschlands, wurde von 1947 bis 1990 Uranerz im Firststoßbau‐Verfahren abgebaut. Im Jahr 1979 wurde in der Nähe des Bergwerks ein seismisches Ereignis mit einer Lokalmagnitude von ML = 2,9 und einer Intensität von I = 5 nach der Medwedew‐Sponheuer‐Karnik‐Skala aufgezeichnet. Dieses Ereignis, verbunden mit beobachteten Spannungsumlagerungen, führte zur Entscheidung, ein lokales seismologisches Online‐Überwachungsnetz zu installieren und in den folgenden Jahren auszubauen. Die Lokalisierung und Magnitudenbestimmung wurde seitdem routinemäßig durchgeführt, und für ausgewählte Ereignisse konnten Herdparameter bestimmt werden [1, 2]. Weiterhin wurde während der Zeit des aktiven Bergbaus eine Online‐Gefährdungsbeurteilung durchgeführt [2]. Die Beobachtungen zeigten, dass sich ein Großteil der Hypozentren nicht im Bergwerk selbst befinden, sondern in der darunter liegenden Granitintrusion. Nach der Einstellung der Bergbauarbeiten wurde im Jahr 1990 die kontrollierte Flutung eingeleitet, die im Jahr 2012 abgeschlossen war. Insgesamt wurden 35 Mio. m3 Hohlraum geflutet. Während des gesamten Zeitraums wurde die Flutung kontinuierlich mit dem seismologischen Netz überwacht. Dieser umfangreiche Datensatz wurde für statistische Berechnungen, Korrelationen zwischen Seismizität und Flutung und zur Abschätzung von Bodenschwinggeschwindigkeiten verwendet.
The rockslide hazard in the former quarry near Spitz and its foreland / Die Felssturzgefahr im ehemaligen Tagebau Spitz a. d. Donau und dessen Vorland
Authors: Poisel Rainer , Kolenprat Bernd , Bertagnoli Michael , Ahmadabadi Morteza , Grasemann Bernhard , Hödlmoser Nikolaus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the former quarry near Spitz many rockslides have occurred during operation as well as after closure. They endangered a railway, the Wachau‐bicycle route, an important road and the left Danube river bank. Therefore, a protection embankment and a rock fall fence were constructed as well as a monitoring system installed automatically closing all traffic routes, when rock face displacements are exceeding a threshold. In order to clarify the need for risk reduction measures, the hazard caused by the former quarry near Spitz was investigated by– Analyses of weather – and of occurrences statistics (when did rock slides occur for which reasons?) in order to assess the probability of future rock slides, – Geomechanical analyses of occurred and of possible future rock detachments and– Analyses of existing deposits and simulations of possible future rock slides in order to estimate the damage caused by these slides.The results of these investigations and the subsequent conclusions are described.Im ehemaligen Tagebau Spitz a. d. Donau ereigneten sich in der Vergangenheit sowohl während des Abbaus als auch nach dessen Stilllegung zahlreiche Felsstürze. Diese bedrohten die Wachau‐Bahn, den Wachau‐Radweg, die Wachau‐Bundesstraße und das linksseitige Donauufer. Deshalb wurden ein Schutzdamm geschüttet, ein Steinschlagschutzzaun errichtet und ein Monitoring‐Programm installiert, das bei Gefahr (bei größeren Verschiebungen) automatisch eine Sperre der Verkehrswege auslöst. Um die Notwendigkeit weiterer Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Risikos abzuklären, wurde die vom ehemaligen Tagebau Spitz a. d. Donau ausgehende Gefahr analysiert. Dies geschah in Form von– Analysen der Wetter‐ und Ereignisstatistiken (wann ereigneten sich warum Felsstürze), um die Wahrscheinlichkeit weiterer Felsstürze abzuschätzen, – Geomechanischen Analysen früherer Ablösungen sowie Analysen möglicher zukünftiger Ablösungen und– Analysen früherer Ablagerungen und Simulationen möglicher zukünftiger Absturzszenarien, um den durch diese Szenarien verursachten Schaden abzuschätzen.Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen und die Schlussfolgerungen daraus werden beschrieben.
Management of older adults with dementia who present to emergency services with neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Silwanowicz Ryan M. , Maust Donovan T. , Seyfried Lisa S. , Chiang Claire , Stano Claire , Kales Helen C. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveOur aim is to evaluate if and how neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia influence the management and disposition of older adults who present to emergency care settings.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that involved the medical and psychiatric emergency departments of a tertiary academic medical center. Participants included patients ≥65 years of age with dementia who presented between 1 February 2012 and 16 July 2014 (n = 347). Subjects with documented NPS (n = 78) were compared with a group of subjects without documented NPS (n = 78) randomly selected from the overall group with dementia. The groups with and without NPS were compared on demographic, clinical, management, and disposition characteristics.ResultsPatients with NPS were more likely to have additional diagnostic testing performed and receive psychotropic medications including benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Significantly fewer patients with NPS (59.0%) returned to their original setting from the emergency department than patients without NPS (76.9%). Among patients with NPS, those who had a motor disturbance were more likely to receive psychotropic medications than patients who did not have a motor disturbance. Depression/dysphoria, anxiety, disinhibition, irritability/lability, and motor disturbance were all associated with transfer from medical to psychiatric emergency department. Patients with depression/dysphoria or anxiety were more likely to be psychiatrically hospitalized.ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the management of dementia with and without NPS in the emergency room setting. Developing and implementing successful methods to manage NPS in the emergency department and outpatient setting could potentially lead to less emergent psychotropic administration and reduce hospitalizations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.