bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensated Medium Voltage 6-Pulse CSR Using Shunt Active Power Filters: Three Different Configurations
Authors: Hamad MS , Masoud MI 
Published: June 2017

The 6-pulse controlled AC/DC converter produces harmonics. The input current total harmonic distortion and the input power factor, which is firing delay angle dependent, are major drawbacks, and a compensation technique is mandatory. This paper introduces a compensated 6-pulse current sourcecontrolled rectifier with a shunt active power filter (APF ) in different configurations. The shunt APF with predictive current control is coupled to the 6-pulse systems in three different compensation configurations. The APF is connected either directly to the front-end transformer primary or secondary side or via a transformer to reduce the filter side voltage. The comparison between these configuration is introduced; each configuration has merits and demerits. The comparison cannot be genuine. Simulation results are presented for a medium voltage converter which is scaled to allow low-voltage experimental confirmation.
Effect of Sediment Density on the Bed Topography in a Channel Bend Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Vaghefi M. , Safarpoor Y. , Hashemi S.S. 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the bed topography of a channel at a 90-degree bend was studied at the T-shaped spur dike installed at the middle of the outer bank. Numerical analyses were performed with the Sediment Simulation in Intakes with Multiblock Option (SSIIM) model. Three relative curvatures (R/B = 2, 3, and 4) related to the three sediment densities (P = 2.35, 2.5, and 2.65) were modeled in nine cases and the effects of sediment density on the bed scour patterns were studied. It was observed that the maximum amount of scour occurred near the head of the dike wing at the dike’s upstream, and the maximum amount of sedimentation occurred at the inner bank of the bend exit. By increasing the sediment density when R/B = 4, the maximum scour and sedimentation decreased to 27.41% and 46.15%, respectively. When R/B = 3, the maximum scour and sedimentation decreased to 25.93% and 23.91%, respectively. When R/B = 2, the maximum scour and sedimentation decreased to 25.98% and 10%, respectively.
ALMA View of the Galactic Center Minispiral: Ionized Gas Flows around Sagittarius A∗
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Uehara Kenta , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyazaki Atsushi , Miyoshi Makoto 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We have observed the “Galactic center minispiral (GCMS)” in the H42α recombination line as a part of the first large-scale mosaic observation in the Sagittarius A complex using Atacama Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We revealed the kinematics of the ionized gas streamers of the GCMS. We found that the ionized gas streamers of the Northern Arm (NA) and Eastern Arm (EA) in their outer regions somewhat deviate from the Keplerian orbits that were derived previously from the trajectories in the inner regions. In addition, we found that the streamer corresponding to the Bar of the GCMS has a Keplerian orbit with an eccentricity of

, which is independent from the Keplerian orbits of the other streamers of the GCMS. We estimated the LTE electron temperature and electron density in the ionized gas streamers. We confirmed the previously claimed tendency that the electron temperatures increase toward Sgr A*. We found that the electron density in the NA and EA also increases with approaching Sgr A* without the lateral expansion of the gas streamers. This suggests that there is some external pressure around the GCMS. The ambient ionized gas may cause the confinement and/or the perturbation of the orbits. There is a good positional correlation between the protostar candidates detected by JVLA at 34 GHz and the ionized gas streamer, the Northeastern Arm, newly found by our H42α recombination line observation. This suggests that the candidates had formed in the streamer and they were brought to near Sgr A* as the streamer falls.
Gauging Metallicity of Diffuse Gas under an Uncertain Ionizing Radiation Field
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Wen , Johnson Sean D. , Zahedy Fakhri S. , Rauch Michael , Mulchaey John S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Gas metallicity is a key quantity used to determine the physical conditions of gaseous clouds in a wide range of astronomical environments, including interstellar and intergalactic space. In particular, considerable effort in circumgalactic medium (CGM) studies focuses on metallicity measurements because gas metallicity serves as a critical discriminator for whether the observed heavy ions in the CGM originate in chemically enriched outflows or in more chemically pristine gas accreted from the intergalactic medium. However, because the gas is ionized, a necessary first step in determining CGM metallicity is to constrain the ionization state of the gas which, in addition to gas density, depends on the ultraviolet background radiation field (UVB). While it is generally acknowledged that both the intensity and spectral slope of the UVB are uncertain, the impact of an uncertain spectral slope has not been properly addressed in the literature. This Letter shows that adopting a different spectral slope can result in an order of magnitude difference in the inferred CGM metallicity. Specifically, a harder UVB spectrum leads to a higher estimated gas metallicity for a given set of observed ionic column densities. Therefore, such systematic uncertainties must be folded into the error budget for metallicity estimates of ionized gas. An initial study shows that empirical diagnostics are available for discriminating between hard and soft ionizing spectra. Applying these diagnostics helps reduce the systematic uncertainties in CGM metallicity estimates.
New dental implant selection criterion based on implant design
Authors: El-Anwar Mohamed I. , El-Zawahry Mohamed M. , Ibraheem Eman M. , Nassani Mohammad Zakaria , ElGabry Hisham 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: A comparative study between threaded and plain dental implant designs was performed to find out a new criterion for dental implant selection. Materials and Methods: Several dental implant designs with a systematic increase in diameter and length were positioned in a cylindrical-shaped bone section and analyzed using finite element method. Four loading types were tested on different dental implant designs; tension of 50 N, compression of 100 N, bending of 20 N, and torque of 2 Nm, to derive design curves. Results: Better stress distribution on both spongy and cortical bone was noted with an increase in dental implant diameter and length. With the increase in dental implant side area, a stress reduction in the surrounding bones was observed, where threaded dental implants showed better behavior over the plain ones. Conclusions: Increasing value of ratio between dental implant side area and its cross-sectional area reduces stresses transferred to cortical and spongy bones. The use of implants with higher ratio of side area to cross-section area, especially with weak jaw bone, is recommended.
Correlation between salivary cortisol levels and dental anxiety in children of smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Reddy S. Pavani , Prasad M. Ghanashyam , RadhaKrishna A. Naga , Saujanya Kaniti , Raviteja N. V. K. , Deepthi B. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate salivary cortisol levels in children of smokers and nonsmokers and thereby establishing the relationship between cortisol levels in response to anxiety in children based on their father's habit of smoking. Materials and Methods: The study population aged between 8 and 10 years includes two groups. Group 1 is comprised 20 children of cigarette smokers and Group 2 is comprised 20 children of nonsmokers. The passive drooling technique was used to collect unstimulated saliva from the children using a sterile container. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and paired t-test. Results: Higher mean salivary cortisol levels were found in children of smokers compared to children of nonsmokers and the difference between them was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Higher salivary cortisol levels were found in females compared to males and the result was significant statistically (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study has proved that the smoking habit of the father has a negative influence on the anxiety levels of their children.
Evaluation of dentinal defects during root canal preparation using thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium files
Authors: Kesim Bertan , Sagsen Burak , Aslan Tugrul 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root cracks after root canal instrumentation with thermomechanically processed nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files with different instrumentation kinematics. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted mandibular premolars with mature apices and straight root canals were divided into five groups and used in this study. In Group 1, 30 teeth were prepared using hand K-files and assigned to control group, Group 2 was instrumented using K3XF Rotary files (SybronEndo, Glendora, CA, USA) with continuous rotary motion. The teeth in Group 3 were instrumented by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) rotary files which make asymmetric rotary motion, In Group 4, teeth were instrumented by RECIPROC (VDW, Munich, Germany) with reciprocation motion and in Group 5, teeth were instrumented by Twisted File (TF) Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) files that use combination of continuous rotation and reciprocation motion (n = 30/per group). All the roots were horizontally sectioned 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with a low speed saw under water cooling. Then, the slices were examined through a stereomicroscope to determine the presence of dentinal microcracks.Results: For the apical (3-mm) and coronal (9-mm) sections, the ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive produced significantly more cracks than the hand files, RECIPROC, and K3XF (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups and control group at the 6-mm level (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, all thermal-treated Ni-Ti instruments and hand files caused microcracks in root canal dentin.
Classification of traumatic brain injury severity using retrospective data
Authors: Rogers Sandra , Trickey Amber W. 
Published: June 2017

Objective: Accurate classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity is essential to brain injury research. TBI heterogeneity complicates classification of the injury; is a significant barrier in the design of therapeutic interventions; and results in retrospective data which is difficult to translate. The objective of this study is to describe the differences in two current tools used in the classification of TBI severity, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the head Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), using retrospective data to compare their performance.Methods: Using correlational and descriptive statistics, this study examined two TBI severity classification methods across a large sample of TBI patients (N = 56,131), who were treated at level I and level II trauma centers in the United States and were included in the 2010 National Sample Program (NSP) of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB®).Results: The study population was 67% male, 67% non-Hispanic white, treated most often in trauma centers in the South (38%), with blunt trauma (93%) and from non-motor vehicle collisions (MVC’s) (56%). Observation of the AIS classification system demonstrated that it tends to over-score TBI severity compared to the GCS classification. The methods (GCS & AIS) had a weak, inverse relationship with a correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) of -0.3980, which was significant at p < .001.Conclusions: The current study addressed the difficulties associated with categorizing TBI severity when analyzing retrospective data. Although AIS is commonly used to classify severity in retrospective data when GCS is unavailable, the relationship between the two scales is relatively unknown. Results show that AIS and GCS are more closely related for severely brain injured patients but in cases of mild and moderate injury, AIS is less predictive of GCS. Since they are often used in conjunction in identifying brain injured severity in retrospective data, researchers cannot be certain that the tools are similarly classifying mild, moderate, and severe injuries. This study reinforces the need for additional TBI severity classification methods, such as neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers.
Couplage photocatalyse-oxydation par le ferrate (VI) pour le traitement du colorant rhodamine 6G
Authors: Peings Vanessa , Andrin Albéric , Le Bechec Mickael , Lacombe Sylvie , Frayret Jérôme , Pigot Thierry 
Published: June 2017

Un facteur limitant de l’oxydation photocatalytique du dioxyde de titane (TiO2) sous irradiation UV est la recombinaison des électrons de la bande de conduction (e-cb) avec les trous d’électron (h+vb) à la surface de TiO2. Le couplage du ferrate(VI), Fe(VI), connu comme un oxydant respectueux de l’environnement, avec la photocatalyse UV/TiO2 pourrait conduire à une synergie oxydative de par le piégeage de e-cb par Fe(VI) et la consécutive formation de l’espèce hautement réactive Fe(V). Cette étude décrit les résultats du couplage TiO2 commercial P25 avec Fe(VI) sous forme pure ou sous forme d’une matière synthétisée dans notre laboratoire (produit solide nommé Fe(VI) matter) pour l’abattement du colorant rhodamine 6G (R6G). Les cinétiques de transformation de R6G ([R6G]0 = 10‑5 M; pH = 8,00 ± 0,05), en présence de TiO2 ([P25] = 0,1 g∙L‑1) illuminé sous UV et/ou de Fe(VI) ([Fe(VI)]0 = 10‑4 M) sont suivies par spectrophotométrie. Une synergie est mise en évidence lors du traitement de R6G par UV/TiO2/Fe(VI) pur, conduisant à une accélération de la transformation de R6G et à une minéralisation plus importante. Cependant, cet abattement n’est pas atteint lors du couplage UV/TiO2/Fe(VI) matter. Une étude de l’impact de sels inorganiques présents dans Fe(VI) matter sur l’activité photocatalytique est présentée. Le sulfate, SO42‑, et le Fe(OH)3 en particulier mènent à une forte inhibition de l’activité de TiO2. Le suivi de la production des radicaux hydroxyles (OH•) montre une inhibition physique de leur production due à la formation d’une couche de sels inorganiques à la surface de TiO2 et au piégeage de radicaux OH• dans la solution.
The Effect of Balcony to Enhance Natural Ventilation in Local Houses in Mazandaran Province
Authors: Rood Posht Azadeh Mahmoudi Kohneh , Daneshjoo Khosro , Shemirani Seyed Majid Mofidi 
Published: June 2017

<p>Utilization of natural ventilation in buildings has a long history. Architecture has been trying to response to weather conditions all the time. Wind catcher, mashrabiya, portico and iwan are some examples of climate designs in vernacular architecture which have shown the importance of natural ventilation since a long time ago. The efficiency scope of natural ventilation when used with other cooling techniques will be more widespread. Today, designing desirable buildings using natural ventilation requires knowing theoretical foundations and a detailed study based on new knowledge regarding the feasibility of the use of components design and equipment related to natural ventilation. The present research aims to offer architects some design solutions in order to take advantage of natural ventilation in buildings using the vernacular architecture. Through matching features of functional spaces in local houses with climatic characteristics of regions around the Caspian sea (Mazandaran province) and determining the pattern used in these spaces in housing areas, the present study seeks to answer this question: “Are types of local houses in regions with moderate and humid climate in Iran (Mazandaran) consistent with regional climate in terms of patterns applied in internal functional spaces? How do regional climate features affect physical form of houses?”</p><p>The results show that there is a direct and consistent relationship between vernacular architectural features of Mazandaran province and climate classification and regional climate. It also enhances home comfort in summer and finally, it can be concluded that local houses are built based on the climate classification and environment context, and natural ventilation is the most important factor affecting the conditions which improve environmental comfort. The present research provides some guidelines for the architectural design of residential buildings in regions with moderate and humid climate with the aim of achieving maximum level of natural ventilation. Also, in order to exploit the potential of natural ventilation, the results of the research will help architect select optimal designing parameters in harmony with the regional climate. </p>
An advanced stochastic weather generator for simulating 2‐D high‐resolution climate variables
Authors: Peleg Nadav , Fatichi Simone , Paschalis Athanasios , Molnar Peter , Burlando Paolo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new stochastic weather generator, Advanced WEather GENerator for a two‐dimensional grid (AWE‐GEN‐2d) is presented. The model combines physical and stochastic approaches to simulate key meteorological variables at high spatial and temporal resolution: 2 km × 2 km and 5 min for precipitation and cloud cover and 100 m × 100 m and 1 h for near‐surface air temperature, solar radiation, vapor pressure, atmospheric pressure, and near‐surface wind. The model requires spatially distributed data for the calibration process, which can nowadays be obtained by remote sensing devices (weather radar and satellites), reanalysis data sets and ground stations. AWE‐GEN‐2d is parsimonious in terms of computational demand and therefore is particularly suitable for studies where exploring internal climatic variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales is fundamental. Applications of the model include models of environmental systems, such as hydrological and geomorphological models, where high‐resolution spatial and temporal meteorological forcing is crucial. The weather generator was calibrated and validated for the Engelberg region, an area with complex topography in the Swiss Alps. Model test shows that the climate variables are generated by AWE‐GEN‐2d with a level of accuracy that is sufficient for many practical applications.
Quantifying the distribution of tracer discharge from boreal catchments under transient flow using the kinematic pathway approach
Authors: Soltani S. S. , Cvetkovic V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis focuses on solute discharge from boreal catchments with relatively shallow groundwater table and topography‐driven groundwater flow. We explore whether a simplified semianalytical approach can be used for predictive modeling of the statistical distribution of tracer discharge. The approach is referred to as the “kinematic pathways approach” (KPA). This approach uses hydrological and tracer inputs and topographical and hydrogeological information; the latter regards average aquifer depth to the less permeable bedrock. A characteristic velocity of water flow through the catchment is further obtained from the overall water balance in the catchment. For the waterborne tracer transport through the catchment, morphological dispersion is accounted for by topographical analysis of the distribution of pathway lengths to the catchment outlet. Macrodispersion is accounted for heuristically by assuming an effective Péclet number. Distribution of water travel times through the catchment reflect the dispersion on both levels and are derived in both a forward mode (transit time from input to outlet) and a backward mode (water age when arriving at outlet arrival). The forward distribution of water travel times is further used for the tracer discharge modeling by convolution. The approach is applied to modeling of a 23 year long chloride data series for a specific catchment Kringlan (Sweden), and for generic modeling to better understand the dependence of the tracer discharge distribution on different dispersion aspects. The KPA is found to provide reasonable estimates of tracer discharge distribution, and particularly of extreme values, depending on method for determining the pathway length distribution. As a possible alternative analytical model of tracer transport through a catchment, the reservoir approach generally results in large tracer dispersion. This implies that tracer discharge distributions obtained from a mixed reservoir approach and from KPA are only compatible under large dispersion conditions.
Using sea‐ice deformation fields to constrain the mechanical strength parameters of geophysical sea ice
Authors: Bouchat Amélie , Tremblay Bruno 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate the ability of viscous‐plastic (VP) sea‐ice models with an elliptical yield curve and normal flow rule to reproduce the shear and divergence distributions derived from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System (RGPS). In particular, we reformulate the VP elliptical rheology to allow independent changes in the ice compressive, shear and isotropic tensile strength parameters (
, respectively) in order to study the sensitivity of the deformation distributions to changes in the ice mechanical strength parameters. Our 10 km VP simulation with standard ice mechanical strength parameters
= 27.5 kN m−2,
= 6.9 kN m−2, and
= 0 kN m−2 (ellipse aspect ratio of e = 2) does not reproduce the large shear and divergence deformations observed in the RGPS deformation fields, and specifically lacks well‐defined, active linear kinematic features (LKFs). Probability density functions (PDFs) for the shear and divergence of are nonetheless not Gaussian. Reducing the ice compressive strength (with constant S∗ and T∗) or increasing the ice shear strength (with constant P∗ and T∗) both results in shear and divergence PDFs in better agreement with RGPS distributions. The isotropic tensile strength of sea ice does not significantly affect the shear and divergence distributions. When considering additional metrics such as the ice drift error, mean ice thickness fields, and spatial scaling of the total deformations, our results suggest that reducing the ice compressive strength P∗ (while keeping S∗ constant, i.e. reducing the ellipse aspect ratio) is a better solution than increasing the shear strength to improve simulations of the Arctic sea‐ice cover with the VP elliptical rheology.