bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of emergency department patients in early stages of sepsis in a quality improvement programme has the potential to improve survival: a prospective dual-centre study
Authors: De Groot Bas , Struyk Bastiaan , Najafi Rashed , Halma Nieke , Pelser Loekie , Vorst Denise , Mertens Bart , Ansems Annemieke , Rijpsma Douwe 
Published: May 2017

Study objectiveSepsis quality improvement programmes typically focus on severe sepsis (ie, with acute organ failure). However, quality of ED care might be improved if these programmes included patients whose progression to severe sepsis could still be prevented (ie, infectionwithoutacute organ failure). We compared the impact on mortality of implementing a quality improvement programme among ED patients with a suspected infection with or without acute organ failure.MethodsThis prospective observational study among ED patients hospitalised with suspected infection was conducted in two hospitals in the Netherlands. After stratification by sepsis category (with or without organ failure), in-hospital mortality was compared between a full compliance (allquality performance measures achieved) and an incomplete compliance group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the impact of full compliance on in-hospital mortality, adjusting for disease severity, disposition and hospital.ResultsThere were 1732 ED patients and 130 deaths. Full compliance was independently associated with approximately two-thirds reduction in the odds of hospital mortality (adjustedOR of 0.30 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.47), which was similar in patients with and without organ failure. Among the 1379 patients with suspected infection without acute organ failure, there were 64 deaths, 15 (1.1%) in the full compliance group and 49 (3.6%) in the incomplete compliance group (mortality difference 2.5% (95% CI 1.6% to 3.3%)). Among 353 patients with organ failure, there were 66 deaths, 12 (3.4%) in the full compliance compared with 54 (15.3%) in the incomplete compliance group (mortality difference 11.9% (95% CI 8.5% to 15.3%)). Thus, there was a difference of 76 deaths between full and incomplete compliance groups, and 34 (45%) who benefited were thosewithoutacute organ failure.ConclusionsSepsis quality improvement programmes should incorporate ED patients in earlier stages of sepsis given the potential to reduce in-hospital mortality among this population.
Can the prehospital National Early Warning Score identify patients most at risk from subsequent deterioration?
Authors: Shaw Joanna , Fothergill Rachael T , Clark Sophie , Moore Fionna 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionThe National Early Warning Score (NEWS) aids the early recognition of those at risk of becoming critically ill. NEWS has been recommended for use by ambulance services, but very little work has been undertaken to date to determine its suitability. This paper examines whether a prehospital NEWS derived from ambulance service clinical observations is associated with the hospital ED disposition.MethodsPrehospital NEWS was retrospectively calculated from the ambulance service clinical records of 287 patients who were treated by the ambulance service and transported to hospital. In this cohort study, derived NEWS scores were compared with ED disposition data and patients were categorised into the following groups depending on their outcome: discharged from ED, admitted to a ward, admitted to intensive therapy unit (ITU) or died.ResultsPrehospital NEWS-based ambulance service clinical observations were significantly associated with discharge disposition groups (p<0.001), with scores escalating in line with increasing severity of outcome. Patients who died or were admitted to ITU had higher scores than those admitted to a ward or discharged from ED (mean NEWS 7.2 and 7.5 vs 2.6 and 1.7, respectively), and in turn those who were admitted to a ward had higher pre-hospital NEWS than those who were discharged (2.6 vs 1.7).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the NEWS could successfully be used by ambulance services to identify patients most at risk from subsequent deterioration. The implementation of this early warning system has the potential to support ambulance clinician decision making, providing an additional tool to identify and appropriately escalate care for acutely unwell patients.
Transmission improvement options via local energy degradation at a cyclotron driven ocular tumor treatment facility
Authors: Gerbershagen Alexander , Hrbacek Jan , Ijpes Dennis , Schippers Jacobus Maarten 
Published: May 2017

The goal of this work is to increase the beam transmission from the cyclotron to the patient location of ocular tumor treatment facility Optis 2 at the Paul Scherrer Institute and thus to reduce the patient treatment times. The examined options for such transmission increase were the installation of local degraders in the patient treatment room and modification of the energy selection collimator settings. The experiments have shown that an improvement of the beam transmission is possible to achieve, however on a cost of an increase in lateral or distal penumbra of the beam. The benefits and drawbacks of the examined options are discussed.
The long-term risk of smoking in diabetic patients with stable ischemic heart disease treated with intensive medical therapy and lifestyle modification
Authors: Khan Asrar A , Chung Matthew J , Novak Eric , Mori Brooks Maria , Brown David L 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction
The long-term risk of smoking in diabetic patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) is unknown. We sought to analyze the impact of smoking on outcomes of diabetic patients with SIHD when other cardiovascular risk factors are being aggressively treated.

Methods
The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial randomized 2368 diabetics with SIHD to intensive medical therapy (IMT) with prompt revascularization or IMT alone. Smoking status was obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. The primary endpoint of interest was all-cause mortality.

Results
Of 2360 patients, 33.1% of patients never smoked, 54.4% were former smokers, and 12.5% were current smokers. The rate of all-cause mortality was greater for current (2.5 deaths/100 patient-years) and former smokers (3.1 deaths/100 patient-years) than never smokers (2.1 deaths/100 patient-years) (P = 0.007). Cardiac death, cardiovascular death, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and fatal or nonfatal stroke were not increased in current or former smokers compared with never smokers. Compared with never smokers, current smokers experienced a 49% increased hazard of death (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.49, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.97–2.29, P = 0.07) whereas former smokers had a 37% increased hazard of death (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–2.79, P = 0.02) when considering smoking status as a time-dependent variable and adjusting for factors that differed by smoking status.

Conclusions
Current and former smoking are associated with increased all-cause mortality in diabetics with SIHD but not with increased cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.
Performance Evaluation of Sub-carrier Multiplexed SAC-OCDMA System Using Optimal Modulation Index
Authors: Driz S. , Djebbari A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the impact of modulation index on the performances of SCM SAC-OCDMA system. Knowing that zero cross-correlation (ZCC) codes remove the effect of multiple access interference and of phase-induced intensity noise, SCM SAC-OCDM has been investigated using ZCC codes with two types of direct detection, one and all wavelengths of the code. In this hybrid system, the SNR depends on the modulation index for a given effective power of broadband source. In order to maximize the SNR, the optimum values of the modulation index, for different number of subcarriers, are determined analytically for two types of detection. The performance of the optimized system is evaluated based up on BER. The obtained numerical results show that, by optimizing the modulation index, the number of subcarriers (number of active users per ZCC code) is increased and the performance is significantly improved.
Affective language processing and bilingualism: Complementary perspectives
Authors: Tomczak Ewa , Jaworska-Pasterska Dorota 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent years have witnessed revival of academic interest in the study of two areas. One is related to processing of emotional input, both linguistic and nonlinguistic; the other is centred on mechanisms underlying bilingual language comprehension and production. The current volume comprises substantial contributions by researchers working within various fields of linguistics and psychology. The Authors elaborate upon cognitively sophisticated frameworks for conceptualising the complexities of attitudes towards and beliefs about language, i.e.
Language and affective processing implemented within a crossdisciplinary conceptual framework
Authors: Sharwood Smith Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe way in which affective processing influences the use and development of language in both monolinguals and multilinguals requires a theoretical apparatus that draws on and integrates research in different areas of cognitive science. The Modular Online Growth and Use of Language aims to provide researchers with just such a service. In the contribution that follows, a number of examples will be provided to demonstrate how this conceptual framework can be implemented in order to bring some clarity to our understanding of affective processing. These examples, which cover much more than affect as consciously experienced emotion, include a range of apparently heterogenous phenomena namely (a) how affect influences code selection either within a language, such as when choosing between a formal and informal style or, in the case of bi/multilingualism, choosing between languages, (b) how affective processing subtly influences semantic judgements, (c) how heritage language use can be explained and finally d) the role of affect in language acquisition and attrition.
Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory
Authors: Kissler Johanna , Strehlow Janine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLanguage can serve to constrain cognitive and emotional representations. Here, we investigate to what extent linguistic emotional information alters processing of faces with neutral expressions. Previous studies have shown that cortical processing of emotional faces differs from that of neutral faces. Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed emotion effects for early and late event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the N1, the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). In order to study the effect of language information on face processing, 30 negative and 30 neutral descriptive phrases were presented, each followed by a neutral expression face. Participants were instructed to remember the association. We analyzed the immediate effect of information type on face processing during encoding as well as delayed effects during subsequent recognition. During encoding, faces following negative language information elicited a larger left frontal positivity between 500–700 ms after stimulus onset. During recognition, a left centro-parietal LPP was likewise increased for faces previously associated with a negative description. In addition, the parietal old/new effect was significantly increased for faces with negative information compared to new ones, while no significant effect was observed for faces with neutral information. No information effects on early perceptual ERPs (N1, EPN) were found. Reaction times (RTs) for source memory decisions (negative versus neutral) were significantly shorter for faces with negative versus neutral information. In sum, ERP results indicate that emotional significance can be linguistically induced in faces on a cortical level and, at least in an explicit memory task, this information modulates later stages of face processing and memory. Implications for cognitive effects of public media design are discussed.
Task effects in bilingual idiom comprehension
Authors: Cieślicka Anna B. , Heredia Roberto R. , García Tanya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the experiments reported here is to explore the effects of task (implicit vs. explicit) on the activation of literal and figurative meanings of English idiomatic expressions in the course of their processing by Spanish–English bilinguals varying along their dominance in English or Spanish. Two experiments were carried out using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task: an implicit lexical decision task and an explicit meaningfulness judgment task. Stimuli included literally plausible English idioms (e.g.
The N400 as a window into lexico-semantic processing in bilingualism
Authors: Jankowiak Katarzyna , Rataj Karolina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEvent related potentials (ERPs) have frequently been employed to investigate language comprehension. One of the best researched language-related ERP components is the N400, which is sensitive to various linguistic factors (e.g. plausibility, word frequency, predictability, word-level associations), and is therefore commonly referred to as an index of lexico-semantic memory. Systematic research into electrophysiological indexes of lexico-semantic processing in bilingualism and its comparison with existing monolingual research remains a crucial research avenue. This review synthesizes the literature on the N400 effects observed in bilingual language comprehension studies in the context of selected models of bilingual lexico-semantic processing (i.e. RHM, BIA+), points to potential reasons behind some contradictory results, presents current trends in ERP bilingual research, identifies gaps in this area of research, and, finally, proposes future research directions.
Longevity of Optical Disc Media: Accelerated Ageing Predictions and Natural Ageing Data
Authors: Iraci Joe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA considerable amount of uncertainty exists with respect to the lifetimes of optical disc media. In reports found in the literature, longevity for some discs is stated as less than five years, but for others, it can exceed one hundred years. The variability in the lifetime values has created a general distrust for optical discs as a reliable short or long-term storage option for information. This study was undertaken to provide some clarification about the uncertainty surrounding optical disc longevity. Using the European Computer Manufacturers Association standard ECMA-396, a recordable CD and a recordable DVD were subjected to a variety of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions over several months. Eyring and Arrhenius predictive methods allowed longevity estimations to be made. It was found that the Arrhenius method produced realistic lifetime predictions for the recordable CD, but neither method produced reasonable figures for the recordable DVD. In addition, an analysis of naturally aged optical discs (up to seventeen years old) provided valuable data on disc lifetimes. This data also helped to validate the Arrhenius results for the recordable CD tested, but contradicted the long and unreasonable lifetime values predicted for the recordable DVD.
Kulturphilosophie des Überdrusses oder der Versuch, den Zwicker für ein Fernglas zu halten
Authors: Sloterdijk Notizen zu P. , Irrlitz Gerd 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The essay examines some core ideas in P. Sloterdijk's more recent publications. Two issues are of concern here. Drawing on a Heideggerian terminology and position on the problem, Sloterdijk presents some critical descriptions of the expansive character of capitalist civilisation. But he doesn't seem to acknowledge the real internal essence of modern society. Instead of this he presents a simplified anthropological interpretation of its social and cultural character. It is not, as he sees it, social structures nor moral or religious values which produce the character of our modern times, but rather a duality of beastly impulses, which on the one hand are prevented or tamed whilst on the other being allowed free reign of expression. In this context the author aligns himself with the increasingly obsolete tradition of disdain for the masses.
Realisierung und mentale Verursachung
Authors: Walter Sven 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe realization relation that allegedly holds between mental and physical properties plays a crucial role for so-called 'non-reductive physicalism' because it is supposed to secure both the ontological autonomy of mental properties and their ability to make a causal difference to the course of the causally closed physical world. For a long time however, the nature of the realization relation has largely been ignored in the philosophy of mind. It has only been a couple of years since accounts were proposed according to which realization is understood against the background of the so-called 'causal theory of properties'. At least partially, the hope was to solve the problem of mental causation, in particular the kind of causal exclusion reasoning made famous by Jaegwon Kim, in a way acceptable to non-reductive physicalists. The paper asks whether a proper explication of the realization relation can indeed help explain how physically realized mental properties can be causally efficacious in the causally closed physical world and argues for a negative answer.
„Wie ein Bogenstrich, der aus zwei Saiten eine Stimme zieht"
Authors: Krebs Angelika 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Love, says Martin Buber, is not about each partner having the other as his or her object, love is between the partners. It is dialogical. Lovers share what is important in their emotional and practical lives. Love is neither fusion nor care. For fusion suppresses autonomy. And care demands both too much (too much altruism) and too little (too little dialogue).
Das Paar als Quelle des Selbst
Authors: Fellmann Ferdinand 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper is about erotic love as source of the self. Unlike in the Platonic tradition, love is interpreted in the light of specific forms of human sexuality. Following modern sociobiological theories I reconstruct the pair-bond as the original site in the development of man. For the philosophy of mind it follows that the unity of personal consciousness can be explained as a dialectic of emotional nearness to and distance from the other.
Transsexualität zwischen Genetik und sozialer Praxis
Authors: Fehige Joerg H. Y. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Transsexuality has been subject to careful reflections in many disciplines outside philosophy. I first contextualize my philosophical approach by relating to the existing scholarship on transsexuality. Focusing on matters of sexual identity, I then propose a characterization of what might be considered the philosophical dimension of transsexual identity. Paying particular attention to the propositional consciousness of transsexuals, I develop the main thesis that transsexuality helps philosophers of sex to forcefully establish the contingency of sexual identity in terms of the underlying biology of the sexed human body. I eventually argue that sexual identity is a cluster concept, which is constituted by sex, gender, sexual practice and desire. In this sense the following argument against "foundationalism" in philosophy of sex emerges: none of the four aspects of sexual identity can function as basic, prior to any normative commitments regarding the nature of human sexuality.
The Mapping of Predicted Triplex DNA:RNA in the Drosophila Genome Reveals a Prominent Location in Development- and Morphogenesis-Related Genes
Authors: Pasquier Claude , Agnel Sandra , Robichon Alain 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Double-stranded DNA is able to form triple-helical structures by accommodating a third nucleotide strand. A nucleic acid triplex occurs according to Hoogsteen rules that predict the stability and affinity of the third strand bound to the Watson–Crick duplex. The “triplex-forming oligonucleotide” (TFO) can be a short sequence of RNA that binds to the major groove of the targeted duplex only when this duplex presents a sequence of purine or pyrimidine bases in one of the DNA strands. Many nuclear proteins are known to bind triplex DNA or DNA:RNA, but their biological functions are unexplored. We identified sequences that are capable of engaging as the “triplex-forming oligonucleotide” in both the pre-lncRNA and pre-mRNA collections of Drosophila melanogaster. These motifs were matched against the Drosophila genome in order to identify putative sequences of triplex formation in intergenic regions, promoters, and introns/exons. Most of the identified TFOs appear to be located in the intronic region of the analyzed genes. Computational prediction of the most targeted genes by TFOs originating from pre-lncRNAs and pre-mRNAs revealed that they are restrictively associated with development- and morphogenesis-related gene networks. The refined analysis by Gene Ontology enrichment demonstrates that some individual TFOs present genome-wide scale matches that are located in numerous genes and regulatory sequences. The triplex DNA:RNA computational mapping at the genome-wide scale suggests broad interference in the regulatory process of the gene networks orchestrated by TFO RNAs acting in association simultaneously at multiple sites.
<i>Influencia de la masonería en la Constitución de 1917</i>, coordinado por Manuel Jiménez Guzmán
Authors: Torres Alonso Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

Reseña: Influencia de la masonería en la Constitución de 1917 coordinado por Manuel Jiménez Guzmán. Colección Biblioteca Constitucional. México, Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Constituciones de México, Secretaría de Cultura, 2016. 96 páginas. ISBN: 978-607-9419-78-3.
El compromiso de la masonería con la educación a finales del siglo XIX. El caso de la logia América de Ubrique (Cádiz)
Authors: Morales Benítez Antonio 
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo analiza la actividad de la logia América en una localidad de la Andalucía rural tendente a la extensión de la educación a aquellos que no tenían acceso a la cultura, a través de diversas instituciones patrocinadas por la propia masonería, como medio o instrumento para combatir los males que aquejaban a la población formando a ciudadanos que asegurasen su desarrollo.
Les théosophes et l’organisation internationale de l’éducation nouvelle (1911-1921)
Authors: Wagnon Sylvain 
Published: May 2017

L’importance historique des théosophes dans le domaine éducatif vient du fait qu’ils apparaissent, par leurs réflexions et leurs réalisations pédagogiques, comme une des racines de la nébuleuse du mouvement dit de « l’éducation nouvelle ». Leur présence lors des débuts de l’organisation de l’éducation nouvelle a été explorée par plusieurs travaux pionniers mais reste encore un point aveugle de la recherche. En effet l’influence des théosophes a été pressentie mais très rarement analysée comme la « matrice » de l’organisation internationale de cette nébuleuse de l’éducation nouvelle. Si l’influence des théosophes est reconnue, il nous semble que leur rôle, leur travail opiniâtre qui mène à l’essor de l’éducation nouvelle en particulier par la constitution de la Ligue internationale de l’éducation nouvelle mais aussi par la constitution de pédagogies directement issues de pédagogues théosophes comme Maria Montessori et Rudolf Steiner n’en font pas seulement une des racines mais la composante principale de cette éducation nouvelle.