bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of HbA1c and diabetes-related distress after intervention in a diabetes day care clinic in people with type 2 diabetes but not with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kuniss Nadine , Müller Ulrich , Kloos Christof , Wolf Gunter , Kramer Guido 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Objective The aim of this prospective, longitudinal study was to assess diabetes-related distress in people with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) treated for diabetes-related problems and to evaluate, whether distress by diabetes are reduced after intervention in a diabetes day care clinic (DDC).
Methods Diabetes-related burden was assessed with the “Problem Area In Diabetes” (PAID) questionnaire before (T0), directly after (T1) and 6 months after intervention (T2) in the DDC in 72 people (18 DM1, 54 DM2) admitted with a diabetes-specific problem to a DDC in a University department for metabolic diseases. A PAID score of ≥40 was considered as high diabetes-related distress.
Results The PAID score in people with DM1 was not significantly different between T0, T1 and T2. Furthermore, neither HbA1c nor insulin dose did change at T2. In participants with DM2, the PAID score decreased significantly from T0 to T1 (18.4±15.9 vs. 15.4+± 13.0, p=0.042) and preserved the benefit at T2 (15.0±13.3). In addition, there was a significant reduction in HbA1c (−1.2%, p<0.001) and body weight (−1.3 kg, p=0.038) between T0 and T2. Insulin dose per day was 15.0 IU/day lower at T1 (p=0.006) and 9.0 IU/day lower at T2 (p=0.212) in comparison to T0.
Conclusions Diabetes-related distress was reduced after a problem-oriented intervention in a DDC in people with DM2 but not with DM1. Although, all participants at tertiary care level had serious diabetes-specific problems before intervention, mean PAID score was far under the threshold of 40 points thus distress was low.
Prediction of intracellular exposure bridges the gap between target- and cell-based drug discovery
Authors: Mateus André , Gordon Laurie J. , Wayne Gareth J. , Almqvist Helena , Axelsson Hanna , Seashore-Ludlow Brinton , Treyer Andrea , Matsson Pär , Lundbäck Thomas , West Andy , Hann Michael M. , Artursson Per 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceExposure at the site of action has been identified as one of the three most important factors for success in drug discovery and the design of chemical probes. Modern drug discovery programs have, to a great extent, shifted to intracellular targets, but methods to determine intracellular drug concentrations have been lacking. Here, we use a methodology for predicting intracellular exposure of small-molecule drugs to understand their potency toward intracellular targets. We show that our approach is generally applicable to multiple targets, cell types, and therapeutic areas. We expect that routine measurements of intracellular drug concentration will contribute to reducing the high attrition observed in drug discovery and the design of both better chemical probes and medicines.
Reduced orbitofrontal cortical volume is associated with interdependent self-construal
Authors: Kitayama Shinobu , Yanagisawa Kuniaki , Ito Ayahito , Ueda Ryuhei , Uchida Yukiko , Abe Nobuhito 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Recent work in cultural neuroscience suggests that sociocultural processes are reciprocally influenced by neural mechanisms that are recruited to support social behaviors. In particular, interdependent orientations (which include a commitment to duties and obligations, and prosocial tendencies) require both the suspension of self-interest and cognitive attunement to social surroundings. Dominant theoretical perspectives suggest that this orientation is achieved through active inhibitory control of egoism. Our results highlight an alternative pathway wherein the suspension of self-interest is achieved through reduced cortical volumes for personal incentives and goals. This reduced cortical volume is linked to interdependence especially for those who are cognitively attuned to the surrounding context. Therefore interdependent tendencies may be automatic and supported by structurally realized inhibition of egoism.
Enhanced coupling of light into a turbid medium through microscopic interface engineering
Authors: Thompson Jonathan V. , Hokr Brett H. , Kim Wihan , Ballmann Charles W. , Applegate Brian E. , Jo Javier , Yamilov Alexey , Cao Hui , Scully Marlan O. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Optical scattering severely limits the range and sensitivity of detection techniques within/through turbid media, such as biological samples and security-related materials. In this article, we demonstrate a method to enhance the coupling of light into a highly scattering medium. This enhanced coupling results in higher optical sensitivity to particles within the medium, as well as enhanced optical transmission through the medium. These results pave the way for enhanced spectroscopy in biological and other turbid media.
The role of verbs and verb classes in identifying German search-constructions
Authors: Proost Kristel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter describes the German search-construction, an argument structure construction that is virtually unexplored. It focuses on the questions of how instances of the construction may be detected and how the relations between its variants may be described. Verbs relevant to the construction are detected by corpus searches in DeReKo (Deutsches Referenzkorpus) using the preposition nach as an anchor. The main variants of the construction are identified by grouping the verbs found to occur with it in the corpora into semantic classes. While some variants are related to the central pattern by metaphorical extension or stand in a relationship of precondition to it, all of them are additionally related to at least one other variant by family relationships.
Doing Tsukahara and the Epley in a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Brdar-Szabó Rita , Brdar Mario 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter studies eponymous verb constructions (EVCs) in medical and sports discourse in English, German, Croatian and Hungarian. These are constructions consisting of a light verb such as to do and an eponymic noun phrase denoting events. A cross-linguistic comparison reveals that, unlike in English, the productivity of EVCs containing reduced eponymic constructions is severely constrained in German, Croatian and Hungarian. These contrasts can be related not only to some structural givens of the languages in question, such as the availability of articles in the language in question, the entrenchment of light verbs, the gender system, but also to the fact that languages can more or less easily accommodate complex metonymies.
Motivation behind the extended senses of the Polish ditransitive construction
Authors: Paszenda Joanna 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter, drawing on Goldberg’s (1992/2006, 1995, 2002) and Croft’s (2003) analyses of the English ditransitive construction, employs Geeraerts’ (1998/2006) multidimensional model of constructional polysemy. Its main aim is to characterize the family of ditransitive expressions in Polish and to identify the cognitive mechanisms that motivate them. Relying on the groundwork laid by Rudzka-Ostyn’s (1996), Dąbrowska’s (1997), and Fried’s (1999, 2004, 2011) studies of the Polish and Czech dative case, the chapter underscores the semantic contribution of overt case marking on the first object as the key factor licensing the wider semantic range of the Polish pattern compared to the English construction, notably its application to the expression of events of ‘pure’ benefaction, malefaction, and reversed transfer.
Prediction and modeling of pre-analytical sampling errors as a strategy to improve plasma NMR metabolomics data
Authors: Brunius Carl , Pedersen Anders , Malmodin Daniel , Karlsson B Göran , Andersson Lars I , Tybring Gunnel , Landberg Rikard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Biobanks are important infrastructures for life science research. Optimal sample handling regarding e.g. collection and processing of biological samples is highly complex, with many variables that could alter sample integrity and even more complex when considering multiple study centers or using legacy samples with limited documentation on sample management. Novel means to understand and take into account such variability would enable high-quality research on archived samples.

Results
This study investigated whether pre-analytical sample variability could be predicted and reduced by modeling alterations in the plasma metabolome, measured by NMR, as a function of pre-centrifugation conditions (1–36 h pre-centrifugation delay time at 4 °C and 22 °C) in 16 individuals. Pre-centrifugation temperature and delay times were predicted using random forest modeling and performance was validated on independent samples. Alterations in the metabolome were modeled at each temperature using a cluster-based approach, revealing reproducible effects of delay time on energy metabolism intermediates at both temperatures, but more pronounced at 22 °C. Moreover, pre-centrifugation delay at 4 °C resulted in large, specific variability at 3 h, predominantly of lipids. Pre-analytical sample handling error correction resulted in significant improvement of data quality, particularly at 22 °C. This approach offers the possibility to predict pre-centrifugation delay temperature and time in biobanked samples before use in costly downstream applications. Moreover, the results suggest potential to decrease the impact of undesired, delay-induced variability. However, these findings need to be validated in multiple, large sample sets and with analytical techniques covering a wider range of the metabolome, such as LC-MS.

Availability and implementation
The sampleDrift R package is available at https://gitlab.com/CarlBrunius/sampleDrift.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cancer Hallmarks Analytics Tool (CHAT): a text mining approach to organize and evaluate scientific literature on cancer
Authors: Baker Simon , Ali Imran , Silins Ilona , Pyysalo Sampo , Guo Yufan , Högberg Johan , Stenius Ulla , Korhonen Anna 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, significant efforts are being invested in cancer research. This has resulted in millions of scientific articles. An efficient and thorough review of the existing literature is crucially important to drive new research. This time-demanding task can be supported by emerging computational approaches based on text mining which offer a great opportunity to organize and retrieve the desired information efficiently from sizable databases. One way to organize existing knowledge on cancer is to utilize the widely accepted framework of the Hallmarks of Cancer. These hallmarks refer to the alterations in cell behaviour that characterize the cancer cell.

Results
We created an extensive Hallmarks of Cancer taxonomy and developed automatic text mining methodology and a tool (CHAT) capable of retrieving and organizing millions of cancer-related references from PubMed into the taxonomy. The efficiency and accuracy of the tool was evaluated intrinsically as well as extrinsically by case studies. The correlations identified by the tool show that it offers a great potential to organize and correctly classify cancer-related literature. Furthermore, the tool can be useful, for example, in identifying hallmarks associated with extrinsic factors, biomarkers and therapeutics targets.

Availability and implementation
CHAT can be accessed at: http://chat.lionproject.net. The corpus of hallmark-annotated PubMed abstracts and the software are available at: http://chat.lionproject.net/about

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A robust DF-REML framework for variance components estimation in genetic studies
Authors: Lourenço V M , Rodrigues P C , Pires A M , Piepho H -P 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
In genetic association studies, linear mixed models (LMMs) are used to test for associations between phenotypes and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These same models are also used to estimate heritability, which is central not only to evolutionary biology but also to the prediction of the response to selection in plant and animal breeding, as well as the prediction of disease risk in humans. However, when one or more of the underlying assumptions are violated, the estimation of variance components may be compromised and therefore so may the estimates of heritability and any other functions of these. Considering that datasets obtained from real life experiments are prone to several sources of contamination, which usually induce the violation of the assumption of the normality of the errors, a robust derivative-free restricted-maximum likelihood framework (DF-REML) together with a robust coefficient of determination are proposed for the LMM in the context of genetic studies of continuous traits.

Results
The proposed approach, in addition to the robust estimation of variance components and robust computation of the coefficient of determination, allows in particular for the robust estimation of SNP-based heritability by reducing the bias and increasing the precision of its estimates. The performance of both classical and robust DF-REML approaches is compared via a Monte Carlo simulation study. Additionally, three examples of application of the methodologies to real datasets are given in order to validate the usefulness of the proposed robust approach. Although the main focus of this article is on plant breeding applications, the proposed methodology is applicable to both human and animal genetic studies.

Availability and implementation
Source code implemented in R is available in the Supplementary Material.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Finding the Poor vs. Measuring Their Poverty: Exploring the Drivers of Targeting Effectiveness in Indonesia
Authors: Bah Adama , Bazzi Samuel , Sumarto Sudarno , Tobias Julia 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Centralized targeting registries are increasingly used to allocate social assistance benefits in developing countries. There are two key design issues that matter for targeting accuracy: (i) which households to survey for inclusion in the registry; and (ii) how to rank surveyed households. We attempt to identify their relative importance by evaluating Indonesia's Unified Database for Social Protection Programs (UDB), among the largest targeting registries in the world, used to provide social assistance to over 25 million households. Linking administrative data with an independent household survey, we find that the UDB system is more progressive than previous, program-specific targeting approaches. However, simulating an alternative targeting system based on enumerating all households, we find a one-third reduction in undercoverage of the poor compared to focusing on households registered in the UDB. Overall, there are large gains in targeting performance from improving the initial registration stage relative to the ranking stage.
Outcomes of Distal Femur Nonunions Treated With a Combined Nail/Plate Construct and Autogenous Bone Grafting
Authors: Attum Basem , Douleh Diana , Whiting Paul S. , White-Dzuro Gabrielle A. , Dodd Ashley C. , Shen Michelle S. , Mir Hassan R. , Obremskey William T. , Sethi Manish K. 
Published: July 2017

Summary:In this study, we sought to retrospectively evaluate union and infection rates after treatment of distal femur nonunions using a combined nail/plate construct with autogenous bone grafting obtained from the ipsilateral femur using a reamer irrigator aspirator system. Ten (10) patients treated at a Level I trauma center for nonunion of a femoral fracture using a combined nail/plate construct from 2004 to 2014 were included in the study. Union rate and postoperative infection rates were recorded. Mean interval from index surgery to nonunion repair was 12 months (range 4–36 months). Follow-up at 24 months indicated that the entire cohort of 10 patients achieved clinical union and radiographic union based on radiograph union score in tibias (RUST) criteria. Treatment of distal femur nonunions with a combined nail/plate construct and autogenous bone grafting results in a high rate of union with a low complication rate.
Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy in the Critically Ill
Authors: Achinger Steven G. , Ayus Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
Hyponatremic encephalopathy, symptomatic cerebral edema due to a low osmolar state, is a medical emergency and often encountered in the ICU setting. This article provides a critical appraisal and review of the literature on identification of high-risk patients and the treatment of this life-threatening disorder.

Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction:
Online search of the PubMed database and manual review of articles involving risk factors for hyponatremic encephalopathy and treatment of hyponatremic encephalopathy in critical illness.

Data Synthesis:
Hyponatremic encephalopathy is a frequently encountered problem in the ICU. Prompt recognition of hyponatremic encephalopathy and early treatment with hypertonic saline are critical for successful outcomes. Manifestations are varied, depending on the extent of CNS’s adaptation to the hypoosmolar state. The absolute change in serum sodium alone is a poor predictor of clinical symptoms. However, certain patient specific risks factors are predictive of a poor outcome and are important to identify. Gender (premenopausal and postmenopausal females), age (prepubertal children), and the presence of hypoxia are the three main clinical risk factors and are more predictive of poor outcomes than the rate of development of hyponatremia or the absolute decrease in the serum sodium.

Conclusions:
In patients with hyponatremic encephalopathy exhibiting neurologic manifestations, a bolus of 100 mL of 3% saline, given over 10 minutes, should be promptly administered. The goal of this initial bolus is to quickly treat cerebral edema. If signs persist, the bolus should be repeated in order to achieve clinical remission. However, the total change in serum sodium should not exceed 5 mEq/L in the initial 1–2 hours and 15–20 mEq/L in the first 48 hours of treatment. It has recently been demonstrated in a prospective fashion that 500 mL of 3% saline at an infusion rate of 100 mL per hour can be given safely. It is critical to recognize the early signs of cerebral edema (nausea, vomiting, and headache) and intervene with IV 3% sodium chloride as this is the time to intervene rather than waiting until more severe symptoms develop. Cerebral demyelination is a rare complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. The principal risk factors for cerebral demyelination are correction of the serum sodium more than 25 mEq/L in the first 48 hours of therapy, correction past the point of 140 mEq/L, chronic liver disease, and hypoxic/anoxic episode.
Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Era of Preemptive Strategy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Obeid Karam M. , Cober Eric , Abounader Donna , Gerds Aaron T. , Mossad Sherif B. 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe our experience with, and identify risk factors associated with, breakthrough cytomegalovirus disease (CMVD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant during regular monitoring and preemptive therapy for CMV viremia.

Methods
This was a retrospective study comparing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients who developed CMVD despite a preemptive treatment strategy to patients with CMV viremia without CMVD.

Results
Of 104 recipients transplanted at a single institution, who developed CMV viremia and/or disease, we identified 15 cases of biopsy-proven CMVD and 74 recipients with CMV viremia alone; 30 of 74 were included as control subjects after appropriate surveillance. The rate of CMVD was low at 5%. While patients are monitored for CMV viremia, CMVD was the presenting manifestation of CMV infection in the majority of cases (60%), and 40% did not have viremia at the time of diagnosis. No one risk factor predicted CMVD. Patients with CMVD tended to have high-risk CMV serostatus, moderate to severe graft-versus-host disease, and to have higher mortality rate.

Conclusions
Preemptive strategy with targeted therapy to patients with CMV viremia is effective with rare and unpredictable events of breakthrough CMVD. Patients with high-risk CMV serostatus and moderate to severe graft-versus-host disease may need more vigilant observation. Cytomegalovirus disease may occur without viremia requiring close monitoring for symptoms suggestive of CMVD.
Diverticulitis in the Neutropenic Patient
Authors: Vellanki Meghana , Sethi Sajiv , Nanjappa Sowmya , Greene John N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal disease; however, it is rarely described in patients with immunosuppression. Neutropenic patients who present with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding are suspected to have Clostridium difficile colitis or typhlitis. However, a third possibility, diverticulitis, should be considered and can lead to complications of perforation and sepsis. Acute diverticulitis in the setting of neutropenia is rarely reported in the literature. We present 2 cases of diverticulitis in neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Consultation Service at an Academic Institution
Authors: Suleyman Geehan , Grunwald Jenny , Kenney Rachel M. , Davis Susan L. , Zervos Marcus J. , Weinmann Allison 
Published: July 2017

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antimicrobial use to decrease resistance and acquisition of hospital-acquired infections, improve patient outcomes, and reduce health care costs. We evaluated interventions and outcomes associated with a dedicated stewardship consult service staffed by physician assistant with supervision from infectious disease physician.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of electronic medical records of adult patients evaluated by the ASP team from November 2012 to December 2013 in an 802-bed teaching hospital in Detroit, Mich. Hospice patients were excluded. Patient characteristics, type of infection, microbiological cultures, antimicrobials utilized, interventions performed, and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results
Three hundred thirty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 67 years, and 52% were male. The most common infections were lower respiratory (28%) and urinary tract infections (21%). However, 24% were diagnosed as having no infection, and of these, 67% had asymptomatic bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (21%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (14%) were most frequently isolated pathogens. The ASP team denied 38% of peripherally inserted central catheter requests and recommended intravenous-to-oral conversion in 38% cases, discontinuation of antibiotics in 27%, and de-escalation of therapy in 13%. Vancomycin (18%) and quinolones (16%) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. The majority of patients (95%) had clinical success, whereas very few developed Clostridium difficile infection (1.5%) or had infection-related readmission (2%) within 30 days.

Conclusions
Our ASP consult service reduced unnecessary peripherally inserted central catheter placement and antimicrobial use with favorable clinical success and patient outcomes. In light of the new regulatory ASP requirements, a midlevel provider may be beneficial to and an integral part of an infectious disease physician-supervised stewardship team.