bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New HP-/IP-Blades With Protective Coating for High Temperature Steam Application
Authors: Ettler Manuel , de Lazzer Armin , Schrey Albert , Schuerhoff Joerg 
Published: September 2016

Today’s challenging requirements on thermal power plant cycle efficiency favor plants with steam temperatures up to 630°C. Cost competition, however, confines the application of particularly cost-intensive materials causing high manufacturing effort such as Ni-based alloys. Alternatives are martensitic steels containing less than 10% Cr. Due to the low Chromium content, these materials are less oxidation-resistant compared to 12% Cr-steels. Increased load-cycling requirements resulting from varying renewable energy production may result in decreased plant efficiency due to increased scaling and spallation of oxide layers during thermal transients. Hence, it is beneficial to protect such components against oxidation using coatings.
Investigations on various coating systems for their potential to serve as oxidation protection are described in this paper. These investigations consisted of a short-term screening program to identify the most promising coatings followed by an extensive test program including long-term steam exposure at high temperatures, thermal cycling, solid particle erosion tests as well as tests under operating conditions on samples and blades.
The test program revealed which coatings appeared to be the most promising solution for power plant applications, showing excellent oxidation protection capability of the base material in steam at high temperatures, structural stability upon thermal cycling and good solid-particle erosion protection. Tests under operational conditions have proven the functionality and stability of the coatings.
Modular Tool for Design and Off-Design Analysis of Compression Trains for Oil and Gas Applications
Authors: Carcasci C. , Marini L. , Micio M. , Brogelli R. , Di Pillo P. L. 
Published: September 2016

Compression trains for oil and gas applications must meet, now more than ever, the requirement of versatility. Production rates and compression demands of extraction fields significantly change during their operational life; this has pushed customers to ask for equipments designed to efficiently operate all over their lifespan in order to comply with energy saving and pollution reduction needs. For this reason modular simulation codes turn out to be the best choice compared with dedicated tools for specific compression plant configuration, since they provide flexibility without losing accuracy.
This paper presents the implementation, within a previously developed modular tool, of a design and off-design procedure for compression plant simulation. This tool is based on a wide library of elementary components analytically defined through equations that model their physical behaviour. For impellers, descriptive equations represent an in-house database of real stages characteristic curves, for all the other elementary components the equations arise from fundamental mechanical and thermodynamic laws. Physical properties of real gases are assessed by the use of suitable thermodynamic libraries. An implemented trust-region Gauss-Newton method, called TRESNEI, has been adopted to solve the mathematical model.
Numerical calculations, performed on two real compression train arrangements, have been devoted to validate the code over design and off-design simulation mode. Results have been compared with those obtained with a pre-existing in-house tool and with experimental data. Comparisons show both a satisfactory agreement between numerical and experimental data and a perfect matching between the simulation codes.
Effects of Upstream Sprayed Water on Steam Flow Conditions and Blade Vibrations of a Low Pressure Steam Turbine
Authors: Shibukawa Naoki , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Iwasaki Yoshifumi , Chiba Kota 
Published: September 2016

A shutdown operation of a large size steam turbine could possibly cause flashing phenomena of the pooled drain water in low-pressure heaters. The boiled steam is sometimes in the same amount as the main flow in the case where shutdown is executed during low load conditions, and returns to the steam flow path through the extraction lines. A series of experimental works with a subscale model turbine facility has been carried out to investigate the vibration stress behavior, and the steady and unsteady pressures under the flashing back conditions. It was observed that the blades of the two stages before the last stage (L-2) and a stage before the last stage (L-1) endured their peak vibration stresses immediately after the flash-back flow reached the turbine. In the meantime, the vibration stresses of the last stage (L-0) blades were reduced.
In this paper, the behavior of the water droplets and their vaporization in the steam path were mainly investigated. A series of experiment was conducted in which several amounts of controlled sprayed water were continuously supplied into the turbine. The transient steam condition and blade’s vibration stresses were measured at the same time. The results showed the possibility that sprayed water upstream can change the mass flow rate and temperature downstream to avoid the unstable steam flow and overheating of the long blades during low load operation.
Investigation of Time/Frequency Domain CFD Methods to Predict Turbomachinery Blade Aerodynamic Damping
Authors: Patil Sunil , Zori Laith , Galpin Paul , Morales JuanCarlos , Godin Philippe 
Published: September 2016

Accurate and efficient prediction of blade aerodynamic damping is critical for the design of turbomachines such as gas and steam turbines. Traditional unsteady time-marching CFD methods used in aerodynamic damping calculations are expensive because they require simulation of many or all blade passages in a given blade-row. In order to reduce computational cost, one can use a pitch-change method and reduce the problem to a small sector of the geometry (one or two blades). Even still, the time-marching method is expensive as many vibration cycles must be simulated to reach a quasi-steady periodic state. To further reduce computational cost, a time/frequency solution method is required.
This paper uses an implicit pressure-based time/frequency solution method in combination with a Fourier transformation (FT) pitch-change method and validates its implementation in ANSYS CFX solver. Three cases are investigated, including Standard Configuration 11 (subsonic and transonic), and NASA Rotor 67 transonic fan. Predictions of unsteady pressure coefficient are compared against the experimental data and reference full wheel simulations, over a range of nodal diameters. Computational resources (CPU time) required by the time/frequency method are compared to time transient simulations and discussed in detail.
GlnR and PhoP Directly Regulate the Transcription of Genes Encoding Starch-Degrading, Amylolytic Enzymes in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Xu Ya , Liao Cheng-Heng , Yao Li-Li , Ye Xu , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Starch-degrading enzymes hydrolyze starch- and starch-derived oligosaccharides to yield glucose. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding starch-degrading enzymes in the industrial actinobacterium
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
. We observed that most genes encoding amylolytic enzymes (one α-amylase, one glucoamylase, and four α-glucosidases) were regulated by GlnR and PhoP, which are global regulators of nitrogen and phosphate metabolism, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that GlnR and PhoP directly interact with their promoter regions and collaboratively or competitively activate their transcription. Deletion of
glnR
caused poor growth on starch, maltodextrin, and maltose, whereas overexpression of
glnR
and
phoP
increased the total activity of α-glucosidase, resulting in enhanced carbohydrate utilization. Additionally, transcript levels of amylolytic genes and total glucosidase activity were induced in response to nitrogen and phosphate limitation. Furthermore, regulatory effects of GlnR and PhoP on starch-degrading enzymes were conserved in
Streptomyces coelicolor
A3(2). These results demonstrate that GlnR and PhoP are involved in polysaccharide degradation by mediating the interplay among carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate metabolism in response to cellular nutritional states. Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism underlying carbohydrate metabolism, and suggests new possibilities for designing genetic engineering approaches to improve the rate of utilization of starch in actinobacteria.

IMPORTANCE
The development of efficient strategies for utilization of biomass-derived sugars, such as starch and cellulose, remains a major technical challenge due to the weak activity of associated enzymes. Here, we found that GlnR and PhoP directly regulate the transcription of genes encoding amylolytic enzymes and present insights into the regulatory mechanisms of degradation and utilization of starch in actinobacteria. Two nutrient-sensing regulators may play important roles in creating a direct association between nitrogen/phosphate metabolisms and carbohydrate utilization, as well as modulate the C:N:P balance in response to cellular nutritional states. These findings highlight the interesting possibilities for designing genetic engineering approaches and optimizing the fermentation process to improve the utilization efficiency of sugars in actinobacteria via overexpression of the
glnR
and
phoP
genes and nutrient signal stimulation.
Rare Taxa Maintain Microbial Diversity and Contribute to Terrestrial Community Dynamics throughout Bark Beetle Infestation
Authors: Mikkelson Kristin M. , Bokman Chelsea M. , Sharp Jonathan O. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A global phenomenon of increasing bark beetle-induced tree mortality has heightened concerns regarding ecosystem response and biogeochemical implications. Here, we explore microbial dynamics under lodgepole pines through the analysis of bulk (16S rRNA gene) and potentially active (16S rRNA) communities to understand the terrestrial ecosystem responses that are associated with this form of large-scale tree mortality. We found that the relative abundances of bulk and potentially active taxa were correlated across taxonomic levels, but at lower levels, cladal differences became more apparent. Despite this correlation, there was a strong differentiation of community composition between bulk and potentially active taxa, with further clustering associated with the stages of tree mortality. Surprisingly, community clustering as a function of tree phase had limited correlation to soil water content and total nitrogen concentrations, which were the only two measured edaphic parameters to differ in association with tree phase. Bacterial clustering is more readily explained by the observed decrease in the abundance of active, rare microorganisms after tree death in conjunction with stable alpha diversity measurements. This enables the rare fraction of the terrestrial microbial community to maintain metabolic diversity by transitioning between metabolically active and dormant states during this ecosystem disturbance and contributes disproportionately to community dynamics and archived metabolic capabilities. These results suggest that analyzing bulk and potentially active communities after beetle infestation may be a more sensitive indicator of disruption than measuring local edaphic parameters.

IMPORTANCE
Forests around the world are experiencing unprecedented mortality due to insect infestations that are fueled in part by a changing climate. While aboveground processes have been explored, changes at the terrestrial interface that are relevant to microbial biogeochemical cycling remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the changing bulk and potentially active microbial communities beneath healthy and beetle-killed trees. We found that, even though few edaphic parameters were altered from beetle infestation, the rare microbes were more likely to be active and fluctuate between dormancy and metabolic activity. This indicates that rare as opposed to abundant taxa contribute disproportionately to microbial community dynamics and presumably biogeochemical cycling within these types of perturbed ecosystems.
Adaptive Booth Algorithm for Three-integers Multiplication for Reconfigurable Mesh
Authors: ASHER YOSI BEN , STEIN ESTI 
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a three-integers multiplication algorithm R = A * X * Y for Reconfigurable Mesh (RM). It is based on a three-integer multiplication algorithm for faster FPGA implementations. We show that multiplying three integers of n bits can be performed on a 3D RM of size (3n + log⁡ n + 1) × (2n+1  +3)  × n+1 using 44 + 18 · log log MNO steps, where MNO is a bound which is related to the number of sequences of ‘1’s in the multiplied numbers. The value of MNO is bounded by n but experimentally we show that on the average it is n. Two algorithms for solving multiplication on a RM exists and their techniques are asymptotically better time wise, O(1) and O(log⁡* n), but they suffer from large hidden constants and slow data insertion time (O(n)) respectively. The proposed algorithm is relatively simple and faster on the average (via sampling input values) then the previous two algorithms thus contributes in making the RM a practical and feasible model. Our experiments show a significant improvement in the expected number of elementary operations for the proposed algorithm.
Safe and Effective Treatment of Experimental Neuroblastoma and Glioblastoma Using Systemically Delivered Triple MicroRNA-Detargeted Oncolytic Semliki Forest Virus
Authors: Ramachandran Mohanraj , Yu Di , Dyczynski Matheus , Baskaran Sathishkumar , Zhang Lei , Lulla Aleksei , Lulla Valeria , Saul Sirle , Nelander Sven , Dimberg Anna , Merits Andres , Leja-Jarblad Justyna , Essand Magnus 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme and high-risk neuroblastoma are cancers with poor outcome. Immunotherapy in the form of neurotropic oncolytic viruses is a promising therapeutic approach for these malignancies. Here we evaluate the oncolytic capacity of the neurovirulent and partly IFNβ-resistant Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-4 in glioblastoma multiformes and neuroblastomas. To reduce neurovirulence we constructed SFV4miRT, which is attenuated in normal central nervous system (CNS) cells through insertion of microRNA target sequences for miR124, miR125, miR134.
Methods: Oncolytic activity of SFV4miRT was examined in mouse neuroblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme cell lines and in patient-derived human glioblastoma cell cultures (HGCC). In vivo neurovirulence and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in two syngeneic orthotopic glioma models (CT-2A, GL261) and a syngeneic subcutaneous neuroblastoma model (NXS2). The role of IFNβ in inhibiting therapeutic efficacy was investigated.
Results: The introduction of miRNA target sequences reduced neurovirulence of SFV4 in terms of attenuated replication in mouse CNS cells and ability to cause encephalitis when administered intravenously. A single intravenous injection of SFV4miRT prolonged survival and cured four of eight mice (50%) with NXS2 and three of 11 mice (27%) with CT-2A, but not for GL261 tumor-bearing mice. In vivo therapeutic efficacy in different tumor models inversely correlated to secretion of IFNβ by respective cells upon SFV4 infection in vitro. Similarly, killing efficacy of HGCC lines inversely correlated to IFNβ response and interferon-α/β receptor-1 expression.
Conclusions: SFV4miRT has reduced neurovirulence, while retaining its oncolytic capacity. SFV4miRT is an excellent candidate for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma with low IFN-β secretion. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1519–30. ©2016 AACR.
Efeito da concentração do soro sobre a sensibilidade e a especificidade da reação de soroaglutinação microscópica aplicada ao diagnóstico da leptospirose suína, tendo como antfgeno a L. biflexa estirpe Buenos Aires
Authors: Vasconcelos Silvio Arruda , Ohtsubo Ioshimiro , Yasuda Paulo Hideki , Moretti Anibal Sant'anna , Ito Fumio Honma , Passos Estevão de Camargo , Côrtes José de Angelis 
Published: September 2016

Foi estudada a influência da variável concentração de soro sobre os resultados da reação de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) aplicada ao exame de grupos de suínos controlados. Dos 29 animais utilizados nove permaneceram como testemunhos (Grupo "A"), dez receberam, durante três dias, água de bebida contaminada por L. biflexa estirpe Buenos Aires (Grupo "B") e dez foram inoculados pela via intraperitoneal com uma estirpe virulenta de L interrogans sorotipo pomona (Grupo "C"). As amostras de soro examinadas foram obtidas no 5º, 15º, 30º, 39º e 51º dia da investigação, perfazendo um total de 145 amostras. Os soros foram examinados nas diluições de 1:10; 1:40; 1:60 e 1:100. A análise dos resultados considerou como especificidade absoluta o percentual de resultados negativos no grupo "A" e como sensibilidade absoluta o percentual de resultados positivos obtidos no grupo "C". Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a medida em que se umentou a concentração do soro houve concomitantemente um aumento na sensibilidade e uma diminuição na especificidade dos resultados obtidos com o antígeno de L. biflexa estirpe Buenos Aires. Para este antígeno o maior valor encontrado simultaneamente para as características de sensibilidade e de especificidade foi o de 60% na diluição do soro de 1:20.
Estudo anatômico das vias bilíferas em búfalos: comportamento do ductus choledocus, ductus cysticus e vesica fellea. Sistematização do ductus biliferus principalis dexter
Authors: Souza Wilson Machado de , Souza Nair Trevisan Machado de , Miglino Maria Angélica , Didio Liberato João Afonso 
Published: September 2016

Os autores estudaram o comportamento do ductus choledocus, ductus cysticus e vesica fellea e a constituição do ductus biliferus principalis dexter, parte das vias bilíferas em 40 búfalas da raça Jaffarabadi, adultas. Os fígados tiveram suas vias biliares injetadas com látex Neoprene 650 e celobar, e o procedimento utilizado pelos autores para evidenciação dos componentes estudados foram a dissecação e radiografias. Nos 40 órgãos analisados constatou-se que o ductus choledocus na maioria (97,5%) sem tributários, acolhe num caso isolado (2,5%) afluente inominado do lobus quadratus. Este ductus apresenta-se formado pela confluência dos ductus biliferus principalis dexter e do sinister (75%), pela confluência das raízes dorsomedial e ventrolateral mais o ductus biliferus principalis sinister (22,5%), e pela junção do ductus hepaticus e ductus cysticus (2,5%). O ductus cysticus, componente constante do ductus biliferus principalis dexter, associa-se ao ductus biliferus lateralis lobi dextri (67,5%), endereçando-se nas outras glândulas (32,5%) a troncos diversos. A vesica fellea em 87,5% das peças mostra-se livre de afluentes, enquanto nas demais dessecações (12,5%) recebe duetos hepaticocísticos oriundos apenas do lobus quadratus (5%), simultaneamente do lobus dexter e do lobus quadratus (5%), e unicamente do território lateral do lobus dexter (5%). O ductus biliferus principalis dexter é formado pelo ductus lateralis lobi dextri e ductus cysticus (100%) e pelo ductus medialis lobi dextri, ductus dorsalis lobi dextri e ductus processi caudati (92,5%).
Artérias da base do encéfalo de cães (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758). I. Estudo anatômico de suas origens e comportamento
Authors: Alcântara Maria Aparecida de , Prada Irvênia Luiza de Santis 
Published: September 2016

Foram utilizadas 43 peças de cães sem raça definida, sendo 30 delas dissecadas e as 13 restantes submetidas a processo de corrosão. As artérias da base do encéfalo estudadas estão na dependência de duas grandes fontes principais representadas, uma delas pela artéria basilar (sistema vértebro-basilar) e, a outra, pelas artérias carótidas internasesquerda e direita (sistema carótico); considerou-se, ainda, a possibilidade de ocorrência de fonte auxiliar, representada pelas anastomoses existentes entre a artéria maxilar e a artéria carótida interna. A particular disposição dos ramos das artérias carótidas internas e dos ramos terminais da artéria basilar determina formação de um circuito arterial do encéfalo que, a partir da divisão da artéria carótida interna, de ambos os lados, em seus ramos terminais, rostral e caudal, apresenta-se rostralmente de modo invariável, em pequeno arco ou ferradura de concavidade caudal; caudalmente de forma variada, constitui figura piriforme (56,6%) ou poligonal (43,3%) constituída, rostralmente, pelasartérias cerebrais rostrais esquerda e direita, lateralmente, pelos ramos rostral e caudal das artérias carótidas internas esquerda e direita e, caudolateralmente, pelos ramos terminais (à esquerda e à direita) da artéria basilar. O padrão vascular das artérias da base do encéfalo dos cães estudados situa-se entre os tipos 2a e 23, referidos por De Vriese(1905) e entre os estágios médio e final de seu desenvolvimento filogenético, considerado p o rT e stu t13(1911).
Stroke Risk and Mortality in Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Parikh Neal S. , Cool Joséphine , Karas Maria G. , Boehme Amelia K. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have advanced the management of end-stage heart failure. However, these devices are associated with hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications, including stroke. We assessed the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke after VAD placement.

Methods—

Using administrative claims data from acute care hospitals in California, Florida, and New York from 2005 to 2013, we identified patients who underwent VAD placement, defined by the
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
code 37.66. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were identified by previously validated coding algorithms. We used survival statistics to determine the incidence rates and Cox proportional hazard analyses to examine the associations.

Results—
Among 1813 patients, we identified 201 ischemic strokes and 116 hemorrhagic strokes during 3.4 (±2.0) years of follow-up after implantation of a VAD. The incidence of stroke was 8.7% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7–9.7). The annual incidence of ischemic stroke (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.8–6.4) was nearly double that of hemorrhagic stroke (3.1%; 95% CI, 2.6–3.8). Women faced a higher hazard of stroke than men (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.1), particularly hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.4). Stroke was strongly associated with subsequent in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 4.6–7.9).

Conclusions—
The incidence of stroke after VAD implantation was 8.7% per year, and incident stroke was strongly associated with subsequent in-hospital mortality. Notably, ischemic stroke occurred at nearly twice the rate of hemorrhagic stroke. Women seemed to face a higher risk for hemorrhagic stroke than men.