bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Glenohumeral Laxity and Stiffness After a Shoulder-Strengthening Program in Collegiate Cheerleaders
Authors: Laudner Kevin G. , Metz Betsy , Thomas David Q. 
Published: March 2017

Context:Approximately 62% of all cheerleaders sustain some type of orthopaedic injury during their cheerleading careers. Furthermore, the occurrence of such injuries has led to inquiry regarding optimal prevention techniques. One possible cause of these injuries may be related to inadequate conditioning in cheerleaders.Objective:To determine whether a strength and conditioning program produces quantifiable improvements in anterior glenohumeral (GH) laxity and stiffness.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:University laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A sample of 41 collegiate cheerleaders (24 experimental and 17 control participants) volunteered. No participants had a recent history (in the past 6 months) of upper extremity injury or any history of upper extremity surgery.Intervention(s):The experimental group completed a 6-week strength and conditioning program between the pretest and posttest measurements; the control group did not perform any strength training between tests.Main Outcome Measure(s):We measured anterior GH laxity and stiffness with an instrumented arthrometer. We conducted a group × time analysis of variance with repeated measures on time (P &lt; .05) to determine differences between groups.Results:A significant interaction was demonstrated, with the control group having more anterior GH laxity at the posttest session than the strengthening group (P = .03, partial η2 = 0.11). However, no main effect for time (P = .92) or group (P = .97) was observed. In another significant interaction, the control group had less anterior GH stiffness at the posttest session than the strengthening group (P = .03, partial η2 = 0.12). Main effects for time (P = .02) and group (P = .004) were also significant.Conclusions:Cheerleaders who participate in a shoulder-strengthening program developed less anterior GH laxity and more stiffness than cheerleaders in the control group.
Practices of Weight Regulation Among Elite Athletes in Combat Sports: A Matter of Mental Advantage?
Authors: Pettersson Stefan , Ekström Marianne Pipping , Berg Christina M. 
Published: March 2017

ContextThe combination of extensive weight loss and inadequate nutritional strategies used to lose weight rapidly for competition in weight-category sports may negatively affect athletic performance and health.ObjectiveTo explore the reasoning of elite combat-sport athletes about rapid weight loss and regaining of weight before competitions.DesignQualitative study.SettingWith grounded theory as a theoretical framework, we employed a cross-examinational approach including interviews, observations, and Internet sources. Sports observations were obtained at competitions and statements by combat-sport athletes were collected on the Internet.Patients or Other ParticipantsParticipants in the interviews were 14 Swedish national team athletes (9 men, 5 women; age range, 18 to 36 years) in 3 Olympic combat sports (wrestling, judo, and taekwondo).Data Collection and AnalysisSemistructured interviews with 14 athletes from the Swedish national teams in wrestling, judo, and taekwondo were conducted at a location of each participant's choice. The field observations were conducted at European competitions in these 3 sports. In addition, interviews and statements made by athletes in combat sports were collected on the Internet.ResultsPositive aspects of weight regulation other than gaining physical advantage emerged from the data during the analysis: sport identity, mental diversion, and mental advantage. Together and individually, these categories point toward the positive aspects of weight regulation experienced by the athletes. Practicing weight regulation mediates a self-image of being “a real athlete.” Weight regulation is also considered mentally important as a part of the precompetition preparation, serving as a coping strategy by creating a feeling of increased focus and commitment. Moreover, a mental advantage relative to one's opponents can be gained through the practice of weight regulation.ConclusionsWeight regulation has mentally important functions extending beyond the common notion that combat-sport athletes reduce their weight merely to gain a physical edge over their opponents.
Clinical Integration and How It Affects Student Retention in Undergraduate Athletic Training Programs
Authors: Young Allison , Klossner Joanne , Docherty Carrie L. , Dodge Thomas M. , Mensch James M. 
Published: March 2017

ContextA better understanding of why students leave an undergraduate athletic training education program (ATEP), as well as why they persist, is critical in determining the future membership of our profession.ObjectiveTo better understand how clinical experiences affect student retention in undergraduate ATEPs.DesignSurvey-based research using a quantitative and qualitative mixed-methods approach.SettingThree-year undergraduate ATEPs across District 4 of the National Athletic Trainers' Association.Patients or Other ParticipantsSeventy-one persistent students and 23 students who left the ATEP prematurely.Data Collection and AnalysisData were collected using a modified version of the Athletic Training Education Program Student Retention Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed on the quantitative data, followed by a univariate analysis of variance on any significant findings. The qualitative data were analyzed through inductive content analysis.ResultsA difference was identified between the persister and dropout groups (Pillai trace = 0.42, F1,92 = 12.95, P = .01). The follow-up analysis of variance revealed that the persister and dropout groups differed on the anticipatory factors (F1,92 = 4.29, P = .04), clinical integration (F1,92 = 6.99, P = .01), and motivation (F1,92 = 43.12, P = .01) scales. Several themes emerged in the qualitative data, including networks of support, authentic experiential learning, role identity, time commitment, and major or career change.ConclusionsA perceived difference exists in how athletic training students are integrated into their clinical experiences between those students who leave an ATEP and those who stay. Educators may improve retention by emphasizing authentic experiential learning opportunities rather than hours worked, by allowing students to take on more responsibility, and by facilitating networks of support within clinical education experiences.
Landing Error Scoring System Differences Between Single-Sport and Multi-Sport Female High School–Aged Athletes
Authors: Beese Mark E. , Joy Elizabeth , Switzler Craig L. , Hicks-Little Charlie A. 
Published: March 2017

Context Single-sport specialization (SSS) is becoming more prevalent in youth athletes. Deficits in functional movement have been shown to predispose athletes to injury. It is unclear whether a link exists between SSS and the development of functional movement deficits that predispose SSS athletes to an increased risk of knee injury.Objective To determine whether functional movement deficits exist in SSS athletes compared with multi-sport (M-S) athletes.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting Soccer practice fields.Patients or Other Participants A total of 40 (21 SSS [age = 15.05 ± 1.2 years], 19 M-S [age = 15.32 ± 1.2 years]) female high school athlete volunteers were recruited through local soccer clubs. All SSS athletes played soccer.Intervention(s) Participants were grouped into 2 categories: SSS and M-S. All participants completed 3 trials of the standard Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) jump-landing task. They performed a double-legged jump from a 30-cm platform, landing on a rubber mat at a distance of half their body height. Upon landing, participants immediately performed a maximal vertical jump.Main Outcome Measure(s) Values were assigned to each trial using the LESS scoring criteria. We averaged the 3 scored trials and then used a Mann-Whitney U test to test for differences between groups. Participant scores from the jump-landing assessment for each group were also placed into the 4 defined LESS categories for group comparison using a Pearson χ2 test. The α level was set a priori at .05.Results Mean scores were 6.84 ± 1.81 for the SSS group and 6.07 ± 1.93 for the M-S group. We observed no differences between groups (z = −1.44, P = .15). A Pearson χ2 analysis revealed that the proportions of athletes classified as having excellent, good, moderate, or poor LESS scores were not different between the SSS and M-S groups ( = 1.999, P = .57).Conclusions Participation in soccer alone compared with multiple sports did not affect LESS scores in adolescent female soccer players. However, the LESS scores indicated that most female adolescent athletes may be at an increased risk for knee injury, regardless of the number of sports played.
Concussion-Management Practice Patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Athletic Trainers: How the Other Half Lives
Authors: Buckley Thomas A. , Burdette Glenn , Kelly Kassandra 
Published: March 2017

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has published concussion-management practice guidelines consistent with recent position and consensus statements. Whereas NCAA Division I athletic trainers appear highly compliant, little is known about the concussion-management practice patterns of athletic trainers at smaller institutions where staffing and resources may be limited.

Objective
To descriptively define the concussion-management practice patterns of NCAA Division II and III athletic trainers.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 755 respondents (response rate = 40.2%) from NCAA Division II and Division III institutions.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The primary outcome measures were the rate of multifaceted concussion-assessment techniques, defined as 3 or more assessments; the specific practice patterns of each assessment battery; and tests used during a clinical examination.

Results
Most respondents indicated using a multifaceted assessment during acute assessment (Division II = 76.9%, n = 473; Division III = 76.0%, n = 467) and determination of recovery (Division II = 65.0%, n = 194; Division III = 63.1%, n = 288) but not at baseline (Division II = 43.1%, n = 122; Division III = 41.0%, n = 176). Typically, when a postconcussion assessment was initiated, testing occurred daily until baseline values were achieved, and most respondents (80.6% [244/278]) reported using a graded exercise protocol before return to participation.

Conclusions
We found limited use of the multifaceted assessment battery at baseline but higher rates at both acute assessment and return-to-participation time points. A primary reason cited for not using test-battery components was a lack of staffing or funding for the assessments. We observed limited use of neuropsychologists to interpret neuropsychological testing. Otherwise, most respondents reported concussion-management protocols consistent with recommendations, including a high level of use of objective measures and incorporation of a progressive return-to-participation protocol.
On the coupled unsaturated–saturated flow process induced by vertical, horizontal, and slant wells in unconfined aquifers
Authors: Liang Xiuyu , Zhan Hongbin , Zhang You-Kuan , Liu Jin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Conventional models of pumping tests in unconfined aquifers often neglect the unsaturated flow process. This study concerns the coupled unsaturated–saturated flow process induced by vertical, horizontal, and slant wells positioned in an unconfined aquifer. A mathematical model is established with special consideration of the coupled unsaturated–saturated flow process and the well orientation. Groundwater flow in the saturated zone is described by a three-dimensional governing equation and a linearized three-dimensional Richards' equation in the unsaturated zone. A solution in the Laplace domain is derived by the Laplace–finite-Fourier-transform and the method of separation of variables, and the semi-analytical solutions are obtained using a numerical inverse Laplace method. The solution is verified by a finite-element numerical model. It is found that the effects of the unsaturated zone on the drawdown of a pumping test exist at any angle of inclination of the pumping well, and this impact is more significant in the case of a horizontal well. The effects of the unsaturated zone on the drawdown are independent of the length of the horizontal well screen. The vertical well leads to the largest water volume drained from the unsaturated zone (W) during the early pumping time, and the effects of the well orientation on W values become insignificant at the later time. The screen length of the horizontal well does not affect W for the whole pumping period. The proposed solutions are useful for the parameter identification of pumping tests with a general well orientation (vertical, horizontal, and slant) in unconfined aquifers affected from above by the unsaturated flow process.
Extending flood forecasting lead time in a large watershed by coupling WRF QPF with a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Li Ji , Chen Yangbo , Wang Huanyu , Qin Jianming , Li Jie , Chiao Sen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Long lead time flood forecasting is very important for large watershed flood mitigation as it provides more time for flood warning and emergency responses. The latest numerical weather forecast model could provide 1–15-day quantitative precipitation forecasting products in grid format, and by coupling this product with a distributed hydrological model could produce long lead time watershed flood forecasting products. This paper studied the feasibility of coupling the Liuxihe model with the Weather Research and Forecasting quantitative precipitation forecast (WRF QPF) for large watershed flood forecasting in southern China. The QPF of WRF products has three lead times, including 24, 48 and 72 h, with the grid resolution being 20 km  × 20 km. The Liuxihe model is set up with freely downloaded terrain property; the model parameters were previously optimized with rain gauge observed precipitation, and re-optimized with the WRF QPF. Results show that the WRF QPF has bias with the rain gauge precipitation, and a post-processing method is proposed to post-process the WRF QPF products, which improves the flood forecasting capability. With model parameter re-optimization, the model's performance improves also. This suggests that the model parameters be optimized with QPF, not the rain gauge precipitation. With the increasing of lead time, the accuracy of the WRF QPF decreases, as does the flood forecasting capability. Flood forecasting products produced by coupling the Liuxihe model with the WRF QPF provide a good reference for large watershed flood warning due to its long lead time and rational results.
Characteristics and causes of Deep Western Boundary Current transport variability at 34.5° S during 2009–2014
Authors: Meinen Christopher S. , Garzoli Silvia L. , Perez Renellys C. , Campos Edmo , Piola Alberto R. , Chidichimo Maria Paz , Dong Shenfu , Sato Olga T. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at 34.5° S in the South Atlantic carries a significant fraction of the cold deep limb of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), and therefore its variability affects the meridional heat transport and consequently the regional and global climate. Nearly 6 years of observations from a line of pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs) have yielded an unprecedented data set for studying the characteristics of the time-varying DWBC volume transport at 34.5° S. Furthermore, the horizontal resolution of the observing array was greatly improved in December 2012 with the addition of two current-and-pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (CPIESs) at the midpoints of the two westernmost pairs of PIES moorings. Regular hydrographic sections along the PIES/CPIES line confirm the presence of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water carried by the DWBC. The time-mean absolute geostrophic transport integrated within the DWBC layer, defined between 800–4800 dbar and within longitude bounds of 51.5 to 44.5° W, is −15 Sv (1 Sv  =  106 m3 s−1; negative indicates southward flow). The observed peak-to-peak range in volume transport using these integration limits is from −89 to +50 Sv, and the temporal standard deviation is 23 Sv. Testing different vertical integration limits based on time-mean water-mass property levels yields small changes to these values, but no significant alteration to the character of the transport time series. The time-mean southward DWBC flow at this latitude is confined west of 49.5° W, with recirculations dominating the flow further offshore. As with other latitudes where the DWBC has been observed for multiple years, the time variability greatly exceeds the time mean, suggesting the presence of strong coherent vortices and/or Rossby Wave-like signals propagating to the boundary from the interior.
RUÍDO OCUPACIONAL EM ESTAÇÕES DE ÔNIBUS – ESTUDO DE CASO EM ESTAÇÕES TUBO – CURITIBA – PARANÁ - BRASIL
Authors: Santana David Queiroz , Zannin Paulo Henrique 
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o nível de ruído ao qual o cobrador das estações de embarque e desembarque de passageiros das linhas expressas do sistema de transporte da cidade de Curitiba se encontra exposto durante sua jornada de trabalho. Toma-se para análise as estações-tubo localizadas nas avenidas Pe. Anchieta e Sete de Setembro, trechos de maior adensamento habitacional e de maior renda média da região sul da cidade. As altas densidades e o perfil econômico produzem um maior fluxo de veículos leves o que colabora para o aumento dos níveis de ruído. De um total de 10 estações em que foram efetuadas medições do nível equivalente de ruído (Leq) em intervalos de 10 minutos, observa-se conformidade acústica do ambiente de trabalho nas estações, quando consideradas as recomendações das normas nacionais NR – 15 (1992), NHO – 01 (1999) as quais legislam sobre o ruído ocupacional. Nas 10 amostras estudadas os níveis sonoros equivalentes medidos tem valores inferiores a 80 dB(A), nível sonoro que a partir do qual há a indicação de risco auditivo. Entretanto, sob as prescrições da norma brasileira que estabelece os padrões de ergonomia para o ambiente de trabalho NR – 17 esses ambientes caracterizam-se como desconfortáveis na totalidade das amostras, pois registram níveis sonoros equivalentes acima de Leq = 65 dB(A).
QUANTIFICAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DA GEODIVERSIDADE APLICADA AO GEOTURISMO NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL SUL DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Pereira Eric Oliveira , Ruchkys Úrsula 
Published: March 2017

A geodiversidade, cujo significado do termo é análogo à biodiversidade, designa a diversidade natural da componente abiótica da natureza, composta pelos seguintes elementos: solo, rochas, formas de relevo, dentre outros. Apesar de recentes, os estudos em geodiversidade já apresentam uma discussão teórica bastante significativa. Contudo, a aplicação de métodos quantitativos, geralmente desenvolvidos com uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográficas (SIG) ainda é incipiente, especialmente no Brasil. A Área de Proteção Ambiental Sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (APA Sul da RMBH), localizada no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) - Minas Gerais, possui um rico patrimônio natural, principalmente no que se refere aos elementos geológicos. Sua geodiversidade inclui afloramentos, solos, cachoeiras e diversas feições de relevo. Além disso, a área em questão apresenta grande importância para a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), uma vez que nela estão localizados os principais mananciais de água potável para abastecimento da população. Deste modo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os procedimentos adotados para o cálculo e geração do mapa de geodiversidade à partir da utilização de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica, para a região da APA Sul da RMBH. Como resultado foi obtido o mapa de geodiversidade bem como a quantificação relativa das áreas de muito alta, alta, média e baixa diversidade abiótica que podem ser propostas futuramente como área prioritárias para a conservação. O uso do SIG viabilizou o cálculo do índice de geodiversidade da APA Sul bem como a sua representação cartográfica.
O USO E A COBERTURA DA TERRA E A SUA RELAÇÃO COM A HANTAVIROSE NA REGIÃO INTEGRADA DE DESENVOLVIMENTODO DISTRITO FEDERAL E ENTORNO
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Janduhy , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de , Steinke Valdir Adilson 
Published: March 2017

A Hantavirose possui uma epidemiologia de muitas nuances com mudanças ambientais de origem antrópica. Assim, é possível perceber a necessidade de compreensão, a nível regional e local, das possíveis contribuições que as mudanças antrópicas trouxeram em relação àquela enfermidade para o Distrito Federal e seu entorno. Neste sentido, o presente estudo analisou as categorias de uso e cobertura da terra existentes na Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento (RIDE-DF) do Distrito Federal e Entorno do Estado do Goiás, tendo em vista a avaliação estatística da influência destas categorias na dinâmica da Hantavirose. Através do uso do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e de testes estatísticos, como, por exemplo, o odds ratio e o qui-quadrado, foi possível avaliar a distribuição espaço-temporal da Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavírus (SCPH). Dados secundários de casos de SCPH referentes ao período 2004-2010 permitiram identificar 14 locais de ocorrência do agravo no entorno e 49 locais no Distrito Federal. Observou-se ainda nas análises que no Distrito Federal, as classes de uso – as áreas urbanas (OR= 2.9) e as lavouras temporárias (OR = 2.3) – que apresentaram medidas de associação significativas. Os resultados do teste Qui-quadrado apontou que os efeitos antrópicos são estatisticamente mais significativos no Distrito Federal (χ 2 = 9,5) do que em sua região de entorno (χ 2 = 1,8). Assim, o antropismo tem um peso importante na dispersão da Hantavirose na RIDE-DF.
Le soliloque et ses dispositifs scéniques : Jackie d’Elfriede Jelinek, mise en scène par Denis Marleau et Stéphanie Jasmin
Authors: Lesage Marie-Christine 
Published: March 2017

Cet article propose une étude de Jackie d’Elfriede Jelinek, mise en scène par Denis Marleau et Stéphanie Jasmin (Espace Go, 2011). Le spectacle recourait à la vidéo en direct et à l’amplification sonore comme moyens médiatiques de performer ce soliloque, en faisant écho aux propos de Jelinek : le texte montre justement les processus par lesquels la figure de Jackie Kennedy a été déterminée, modelée, voire capturée, par les différents dispositifs qui ont fait d’elle une icône médiatique. La performativité du soliloque réside ici dans l’omniprésence de l’appareil technique qui contraste avec la retenue du jeu de l’actrice. La mise en scène montre, en la démontant, la relation entre l’individu et les dispositifs qui le captent et le saisissent, en opérant par le fait même un processus de « désubjectivation » (Agamben).
An extraordinary view of the universe: The use of X-ray vision in space science
Authors: Siemiginowska Aneta 
Published: March 2017

X-ray emission from cosmic sources indicates that these sources are heated to temperatures exceeding a million degrees or that they contain highly energetic particles. Recent X-ray telescopes, such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton, observed thousands of cosmic X-ray sources. These observations greatly impacted our understanding of the physics governing the evolution of structures across the universe. Here, I review and highlight some of these important results.