bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and postnatal findings in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses without structural ultrasound anomalies at 18–24 weeks
Authors: de Wit M. C. , Srebniak M. I. , Joosten M. , Govaerts L. C. P. , Kornelisse R. F. , Papatsonis D. N. M. , de Graaff K. , Knapen M. F. C. M. , Bruggenwirth H. T. , de Vries F. A. T. , Van Veen S. , Van Opstal D. , Galjaard R. J. H. , Go A. T. J. I. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses without structural anomalies at 18–24 weeks' gestation.MethodsThis retrospective study included structurally normal singleton fetuses with an abdominal circumference ≤ 5th percentile on detailed ultrasound examination between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation. Cases were stratified according to the absence or presence of other abnormal ultrasound findings, such as abnormal amniotic fluid or soft markers. All patients were offered invasive prenatal testing with rapid aneuploidy detection by qualitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) and, if normal, consecutive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was also offered. Detailed postnatal follow‐up (≥ 5 months) was performed. In cases in which a syndromic phenotype became apparent within 5 months after birth and SNP array had not been performed prenatally, it was performed postnatally.ResultsA total of 211 pregnancies were eligible for inclusion. Of the 158 cases with isolated SGA on ultrasound, 36 opted for invasive prenatal testing. One case of trisomy 21 and one case of a submicroscopic abnormality (a susceptibility locus for neurodevelopmental disease) were detected. Postnatal follow‐up showed a postnatal apparent syndromic phenotype in 10 cases. In one case this was due to trisomy 21 and the other nine (5.8%; 95% CI, 2.8–10.0%) cases had normal SNP array results. In 32/53 cases with SGA and associated ultrasound abnormalities, parents opted for invasive testing. One case of trisomy 21 and one of triploidy were found. In 11 cases a syndromic phenotype became apparent after birth. One was due to trisomy 21 and in one case a submicroscopic anomaly (a susceptibility locus) was found. The remaining syndromic cases (17.3%; 95% CI, 8.7–29.0%) had normal SNP array results.ConclusionTesting for chromosomal anomalies should be offered in cases of SGA between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation. Whole chromosome anomalies occur in 1.3% (95% CI, 0.2–3.9%) of isolated SGA and 5.8% (95% CI, 1.5–14.0%) of associated SGA. In 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1–2.8%) and 1.9% (95% CI, 0.2–8.2%), respectively, SNP array detected a susceptibility locus for neurodevelopmental disease that would not be detected by karyotyping, QF‐PCR or non‐invasive prenatal testing. Therefore, and because the genetic causes of SGA are diverse, we suggest SNP array testing in cases of SGA. Thorough postnatal examination and follow‐up of infants that presented with reduced fetal growth is important because chromosomally normal syndromic phenotypes occur frequently in SGA fetuses. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Two‐dimensional monolayer designs for spintronics applications
Authors: Li Xiuling , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: April 2016

The continuous reduction in the size of spintronic devices highly requires new low‐dimensional magnetic materials to mimic the traditional structures of spintronics in nanoscale. Since the discovery of graphene, two‐dimensional (2D) crystalline materials with atomic thickness have attracted extraordinary interests, partly due to their novel properties and potential applications in spintronics. In the past decades, many theoretical understandings and designs of 2D materials have been proposed for spintronics, indicating that the combination of spintronics and two‐dimensional crystals electronics should be an ideal evolution toward nanoscale spintronics devices and make for the bottom‐up spintronics nanoengineering. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:441–455. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1259This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Going beyond the vertical approximation with time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Santoro Fabrizio , Jacquemin Denis 
Published: April 2016

Since two decades, time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) has been in the limelight due to its noteworthy efficiency. Indeed, in many cases, TD‐DFT provides accurate excited‐state properties for a relatively limited computational cost. Recently, there has been a rapidly growing interest in applications of TD‐DFT (partly) exploring the excited‐state potential energy surfaces. In this review, we summarize such TD‐DFT investigations going beyond the vertical approximation and devoted to spectroscopic applications, with a focus on both 0–0 energies and vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra. We show how these quantities can be computed, considering various models for the latter, and illustrate their advantages compared to vertical estimates in terms of comparisons with experimental data. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:460–486. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1260This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Model templates within and between disciplines: from magnets to gases – and socio-economic systems
Authors: Knuuttila Tarja , Loettgers Andrea 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOne striking feature of the contemporary modelling practice is its interdisciplinary nature. The same equation forms, and mathematical and computational methods, are used across different disciplines, as well as within the same discipline. Are there, then, differences between intra- and interdisciplinary transfer, and can the comparison between the two provide more insight on the challenges of interdisciplinary theoretical work? We will study the development and various uses of the Ising model within physics, contrasting them to its applications to socio-economic systems. While the renormalization group (RG) methods justify the transfer of the Ising model within physics – by ascribing them to the same universality class – its application to socio-economic phenomena has no such theoretical grounding. As a result, the insights gained by modelling socio-economic phenomena by the Ising model may remain limited.
Electrophysiological correlates of reinforcement learning in young people with Tourette syndrome with and without co‐occurring ADHD symptoms
Authors: Shephard Elizabeth , Jackson Georgina M. , Groom Madeleine J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAltered reinforcement learning is implicated in the causes of Tourette syndrome (TS) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). TS and ADHD frequently co‐occur but how this affects reinforcement learning has not been investigated. We examined the ability of young people with TS (n = 18), TS + ADHD (N = 17), ADHD (n = 13) and typically developing controls (n = 20) to learn and reverse stimulus‐response (S‐R) associations based on positive and negative reinforcement feedback. We used a 2 (TS‐yes, TS‐no) × 2 (ADHD‐yes, ADHD‐no) factorial design to assess the effects of TS, ADHD, and their interaction on behavioural (accuracy, RT) and event‐related potential (stimulus‐locked P3, feedback‐locked P2, feedback‐related negativity, FRN) indices of learning and reversing the S‐R associations. TS was associated with intact learning and reversal performance and largely typical ERP amplitudes. ADHD was associated with lower accuracy during S‐R learning and impaired reversal learning (significantly reduced accuracy and a trend for smaller P3 amplitude). The results indicate that co‐occurring ADHD symptoms impair reversal learning in TS + ADHD. The implications of these findings for behavioural tic therapies are discussed.
A randomized controlled trial of intramuscular versus vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth
Authors: Elimian Andrew , Smith Katie , Williams Marvin , Knudtson Eric , Goodman Jean R. , Escobedo Marilyn B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of intramuscular hydroxyprogesterone caproate with that of vaginal progesterone for prevention of recurrent preterm birth.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at a US tertiary care center between June 1, 2007, and April 30, 2010. Women with singleton pregnancies (16–20 weeks) and a history of spontaneous preterm birth were randomly allocated using a computer‐generated randomization sequence to receive either a weekly intramuscular injection of hydroxyprogesterone caproate (250 mg) or a daily vaginal progesterone suppository (100 mg). Participants, investigators, and assessors were not masked to group assignment. The primary outcome was birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Per‐protocol analyses were performed: participants who completed follow‐up were included.ResultsAnalyses included 66 women given intramuscular progesterone and 79 given vaginal progesterone. Delivery before 37 weeks was recorded among 29 (43.9%) women in the intramuscular progesterone group and 30 (37.9%) in the vaginal progesterone group (P = 0.50).ConclusionWeekly intramuscular administration of hydroxyprogesterone caproate and daily vaginal administration of a progesterone suppository exhibited similar efficacy in reducing the rate of recurrent preterm birth.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00579553.
The short‐term and long‐term relationship between delirium and cognitive trajectory in older surgical patients
Authors: Inouye Sharon K. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Kosar Cyrus M. , Tommet Douglas , Schmitt Eva M. , Travison Thomas G. , Saczynski Jane S. , Ngo Long H. , Alsop David C. , Jones Richard N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionAs the relationship between delirium and long‐term cognitive decline has not been well‐explored, we evaluated this association in a prospective study.MethodsSAGES is an ongoing study involving 560 adults age 70 years or more without dementia scheduled for major surgery. Delirium was assessed daily in the postoperative period using the Confusion Assessment Method. General Cognitive Performance (GCP) and the Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly were assessed preoperatively then repeatedly out to 36 months.ResultsOn average, patients with postoperative delirium had significantly lower preoperative cognitive performance, greater immediate (1 month) impairment, equivalent recovery at 2 months, and significantly greater long‐term cognitive decline relative to the nondelirium group. Proxy reports corroborated the clinical significance of the long‐term cognitive decline in delirious patients.DiscussionCognitive decline after surgery is biphasic and accelerated among persons with delirium. The pace of long‐term decline is similar to that seen with mild cognitive impairment.
Buoyant displacement flows in slightly non-uniform channels
Authors: Mollaabbasi R. , Taghavi S. M. 
Published: April 2016

We consider displacement flows in slightly diverging or converging plane channels. The two fluids are miscible and buoyancy is significant. We assume that the channel is oriented close to horizontal. Employing a classical lubrication approximation, we simplify the governing equations to furnish a semi-analytical solution for the flux functions. Then, we demonstrate how the non-uniformity of the displacement flow geometry can affect the propagation of the interface between the heavy and light fluids in time, for various parameters studied, e.g. the viscosity ratio, a buoyancy number and rheological features. By setting the molecular diffusion effects to zero, certain solution behaviours at longer times can be practically predicted through the associated hyperbolic problem, using which it becomes possible to directly compute the interfacial features of interest, e.g. leading and trailing front heights and speeds. For a Newtonian displacement flow in a converging or uniform channel, as the buoyancy number increases from zero, we are able to classify three flow regimes based on the behaviour of the trailing front near the top of the channel: a no-back-flow regime, a stationary interface flow regime, and a sustained back-flow regime. For the case of a diverging channel flow, the sustained back-flow regime is replaced by an eventually stationary interface flow regime. In addition, as the displacement flow progresses, the leading front speed typically increases (decreases) in a converging (diverging) channel, while the opposite is usually true for the front height. For the no-back-flow regime (i.e. with small buoyancy), the solution of the displacement flow at long times in all the geometries considered converges to a similarity form, while no similarity form is found for the other flow regimes. As the displacement flow develops, frontal diffusive effects are reduced (enhanced) in a converging (diverging) channel and multiple fronts are progressively less (more) present in a converging (diverging) channel. Regarding non-Newtonian effects, a shear-thinning fluid displacing a Newtonian fluid exhibits an increasingly fast front that has a short height in a converging channel. When a yield stress is present in the displaced fluid, it is possible to find residual wall layers of displaced fluid that are completely static. These layers disappear at a certain critical downstream distance in a converging channel while they appear at a critical distance in a diverging channel. Finally, the combination of strong buoyant and yield-stress effects can modify the destiny of a second front that follows the leading front.
Curcumin and cognition: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Brown Belinda M. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Shah Tejal , Goozee Kathryn G. , Gupta Veer B. , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurcumin therapy in animals has produced positive cognitive and behavioural outcomes; results of human trials, however, have been inconsistent. In this study, we report the results of a 12-month, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study that investigated the ability of a curcumin formulation to prevent cognitive decline in a population of community-dwelling older adults. Individuals (n 96) ingested either placebo or 1500 mg/d BiocurcumaxTM for 12 months. A battery of clinical and cognitive measures was administered at baseline and at the 6-month and 12-month follow-up assessments. A significant time×treatment group interaction was observed for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (repeated-measures analysis; time×treatment; F=3·85, P<0·05). Subsequent analysis revealed that this association was driven by a decline in function of the placebo group at 6 months that was not observed in the curcumin treatment group. No differences were observed between the groups for all other clinical and cognitive measures. Our findings suggest that further longitudinal assessment is required to investigate changes in cognitive outcome measures, ideally in conjunction with biological markers of neurodegeneration.
Healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in elderly
Authors: Adriano Lia Silveira , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , Portela Clarissa Lima de Melo , Melo Maria Luisa Pereira de , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , Soares Nadia Tavares 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, an increase that may be associated with changes in lifestyle such as unhealthy dietary patterns. Although advanced age is a risk factor for NAFLD, no studies reporting this association in the elderly population were found. In the present study, the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD in the elderly was assessed. A study including 229 older adults was conducted. NAFLD diagnosis was defined as individuals whose ultrasound examination disclosed hepatic steatosis at any stage, in the absence of excess intake of alcoholic beverages. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal components analysis. Mean scores and standard errors of each dietary pattern were calculated for the groups with and without NAFLD, and mean scores of the two groups were compared using the Mann–WhitneyUtest. The prevalence ratios and 95 % CI were estimated for each tertile of the dietary pattern adherence scores using Poisson multiple regression models with robust variance. A total of 103 (45 %) elderly with NAFLD and four dietary patterns were identified: traditional, regional snacks, energy dense and healthy. Mean scores for adherence to the healthy pattern in the groups with and without NAFLD differed. NAFLD was inversely associated with greater adherence to the healthy pattern and directly associated with the regional snacks, after adjustment for confounders. In conclusion, healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated with NAFLD in elderly.
Superimposed thermal histories in the southern limit of the Ossa Morena Zone – Portugal
Authors: FERNANDES P. , LOPES G. , MACHADO G. , PEREIRA Z. , RODRIGUES B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Mississippian volcano-sedimentary complex in the Toca da Moura – Cabrela areas represents remnants of intra-volcanic marine sedimentary basins, formed during the collision between the Ossa Morena Zone with the South Portuguese Zone. These rock units are unconformably overlain by the Pennsylvanian intramontane coal-bearing Santa Susana Basin. Vitrinite reflectance determinations from rocks of these two basins indicate two episodes of thermal maturation. During the first episode, the Toca da Moura – Cabrela volcano-sedimentary complexes attained high maturation levels, equivalent to anthracite coal rank (3.0–3.5% Roran), which pre-dates the middle Moscovian Santa Susana Basin. The Santa Susana Basin attained moderate maturation levels equivalent to bituminous coal rank (1.35–1.5% Roran) recording a second episode of thermal maturation. Here, peak thermal conditions did not overprint the first maturation episode. The observed effects of magmatic intrusion on the thermal maturity and the lack of any increase in vitrinite reflectance with depth through c. 400 m of section in borehole SDJ-1 indicate high geothermal gradients during the first maturation episode. A contemporaneous magmatic event associated with the c. 335–320 Ma Cuba-Alvito Gabbros/Diorites of the Beja Massif was the possible cause for the high geothermal gradients postulated for the first maturation episode. Burial under a post-upper Moscovian sedimentary cover was the most likely process to account for the maturation levels determined for the Santa Susana Basin and for the second episode of thermal maturation.
Black and Viking metal: how two extreme music genres depict, construct and transfigure the (sub-)Arctic
Authors: Sellheim Nikolas 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTFor centuries the Arctic has served as a stage of imagination and has inspired countless artists in different ways. Also the music genre of heavy metal frequently utilises the ‘north’ and the Arctic. This paper briefly explores how two heavy metal subgenres, black metal and Viking metal, approach and utilise narratives associated with the ‘north’. By using lyrics of black and Viking metal bands, different forms of utilisation come to the fore, ranging from narratives of death to the raging Northman. Also polar exploration finds musical expression and is a source for generating extreme conceptual settings.
Interactional straining and the neoliberal self: Learning English in the biggest English corner in China
Authors: Gao Shuang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article proposes the terminteractional strainingfor the strategic manipulation of interaction as grounded in neoliberal governmentality. The interactional practice was observed among adult English learners in Yangshuo, which, through mobilizing English-speaking foreigners and commodifying English, has been attracting Chinese nationals seeking to improve their English, the gate-keeping language in global workplaces in China. Based on ethnographic observations and interviews, it is shown that what appears to be naturally occurring interactions with foreigners actually involves reflexive thinking at the backstage (Goffman 1959), which is aimed at the strategic manipulation of interactional contents and/or structure so as to establish oneself as (pass for) a legitimate interlocutor. This study shows that interaction constitutes a key site where the contradictions and tensions of neoliberalism are lived out. It also argues that as reflexivity becomes a key morality under neoliberal globalization, metadiscourses provide important insights for our critique of neoliberalism. (English, language ideology, interaction, neoliberalism, work, globalization, China)*
Language shift from a nonspeaker perspective: Themes in the accounts of linguistic practices of first-generation non-Swedish speakers in Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine
Authors: Forsman Ludvig 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article, the collective language shift from Swedish to Ukrainian in the traditionally Swedish-speaking community of Gammalsvenskby is studied particularly through interview data from sixteen first-generation nonspeakers of the heritage language. The article argues that it is not enough to study collective language shift merely from the point of view of the last-speaker generation, but that the nonspeaker generation's views are also needed to understand and describe language shift, since they are also participants in language shift. Two themes, seemingly central in language shift research, are explored: agency in language nontransmission, and external pressure on heritage-language speakers to conform linguistically. The conclusion of the study is that most of the interviewed nonspeakers see the language shift mainly as a pragmatic development, although some also quote external pressure as a factor. (Language shift, Gammalsvenskby, nonspeaker)*
No vacancy: holdover capacity and the continued staffing of major commissions
Authors: Madonna Anthony , Ostrander Ian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough the United States (US) federal bureaucracy is plagued by high vacancy rates generally, quorum requirements and small board sizes make vacancies particularly problematic within major independent regulatory commissions. Not all vacancies, however, are created equal. By statute, some major boards allow members to continue serving beyond their original term in the absence of a confirmed replacement. The difference between an empty seat and a holdover official is important as it can determine whether a board is functional or inoperable. In this article, we examine how the presence of holdover provisions within such commissions alters confirmation dynamics and vacancy rates. Evidence suggests that holdover provisions lead to quicker confirmation on nominations as well as fewer complete vacancies. Such structures thus help mitigate the short-term problems stemming from staffing independent regulatory boards, especially given the tendency towards obstruction in the US Senate.