bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of diagnosing infective endocarditis including nuclear imaging techniques - a review
Authors: Golemo Jagna , Małgorzata Miazga  , Serkis Barbara , Bentkowska Zuzanna , Dębińska Julia , Kałuża Izabela , Ostojska Magdalena , Górska Magdalena , Celichowska Magdalena , Dziuba Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and the purpose of work
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease diagnosed more and more often in recent years. Its treatment and diagnostics require a team of qualified specialists and are based on microbiological and imaging diagnostics. The purpose of this work is a summary and comparison of individual IE diagnostic methods, including their advantages and disadvantages.
State of knowledge: Diagnosis of infective endocarditis relies on positive blood cultures to identify the microorganism and its drug sensitivity. Advanced methods like MALDI-TOF MS and MIC are used for identification. The first-line imaging diagnostic method for IE is echocardiography, which assesses structural and functional heart damage. Variants include transthoracic (TTE), transesophageal (TOE), three-dimensional TOE, and intracardiac echocardiography. Echocardiography should be performed immediately when IE is suspected. Computed tomography (CT) is crucial for diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE), particularly perivalvular and periprosthetic complications. Whole-body CT, including the brain, detects distant lesions and sources of bacteremia. CT is more accessible in emergencies and effective in spotting ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. CT angiography identifies mycotic aneurysms in the vascular system. It also detects extracardiac sources of bacteremia, aiding treatment and pre-surgery planning. Nuclear imaging is also important in diagnosing IE, especially prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) when echocardiography is inconclusive. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT and SPECT/CT with labeled leukocytes are recommended.
Conclusions: In addition to basic methods such as positive blood culture and echocardiography, there are more specialized methods that also allow for the assessment of treatment progress and prognosis.
Strategic Cross-Subsidization in Healthcare Capitation Programs: Evidence from Medicare Advantage
Authors: She Zhaowei , Ayer Turgay , Gokpinar Bilal , Hughes Danny R. 
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: This study identifies a resource misallocation problem in Medicare Advantage (MA), the United States’ largest healthcare capitation program, which may result in discrepancies between patients’ health status and the healthcare resources allocated to them. Methodology/results: Utilizing a large commercial insurance database with claims from more than 2 million MA enrollees, this research investigates the allocation of MA capitation payments. By exploiting an exogenous policy shock on MA capitation payments through a difference-in-difference design, we find empirical evidence of an illegal practice known as “cross-subsidization.” This practice involves MA health plans strategically reallocating portions of the capitation payments intended for one group of patients to spend on another group of patients. Additionally, we show that this cross-subsidization practice is associated with the risk selection problem in MA, where low-risk patients are more likely to enroll in MA compared with high-risk patients. Managerial implications: This research unveils a previously undocumented healthcare resource misallocation problem, that is, strategic cross-subsidization. This practice is explicitly prohibited by law in the United States due to its heightened effect on the undesired risk selection within capitation programs, where health plans cherry-pick profitable enrollees through strategic benefit designs. Our study has direct practical implications as it underscores the need for greater transparency in MA claims data to enable the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to more effectively administer the MA program. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0637 .
Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review
Authors: Mertelsmann Anna M. , Bowers Sheridan F. , Wright Drew , Maganga Jane K. , Mazigo Humphrey D. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Changalucha John M. , Downs Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium affects approximately 110 million people globally, with the majority of cases in low- and middle-income countries. Schistosome infections have been shown to impact the host immune system, gene expression, and microbiome composition. Studies have demonstrated variations in pathology between schistosome subspecies. In the case of S. haematobium, infection has been associated with HIV acquisition and bladder cancer. However, the underlying pathophysiology has been understudied compared to other schistosome species. This systematic review comprehensively investigates and assimilates the effects of S. haematobium infection on systemic and local host mucosal immunity, cellular gene expression and microbiome.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review assessing the reported effects of S. haematobium infections and anthelmintic treatment on the immune system, gene expression and microbiome in humans and animal models. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42022372607). Randomized clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, experimental ex vivo, and animal studies were included. Two reviewers performed screening independently.

Results
We screened 3,177 studies and included 94. S. haematobium was reported to lead to: (i) a mixed immune response with a predominant type 2 immune phenotype, increased T and B regulatory cells, and select pro-inflammatory cytokines; (ii) distinct molecular alterations that would compromise epithelial integrity, such as increased metalloproteinase expression, and promote immunological changes and cellular transformation, specifically upregulation of genes p53 and Bcl-2; and (iii) microbiome dysbiosis in the urinary, intestinal, and genital tracts.

Conclusion
S. haematobium induces distinct alterations in the host’s immune system, molecular profile, and microbiome. This leads to a diverse range of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and impaired integrity of the local mucosal epithelial barrier, elevating the risks of secondary infections. Further, S. haematobium promotes cellular transformation with oncogenic potential and disrupts the microbiome, further influencing the immune system and genetic makeup. Understanding the pathophysiology of these interactions can improve outcomes for the sequelae of this devastating parasitic infection.
Nursing staff’s attitudes towards the prevention of adverse events among hospitalized people with dementia: Protocol of qualitative systematic review and evidence synthesis
Authors: Catalán Lucía , Pot Anne Margriet , Pepper Amy , Harrison Dening Karen , Oliveira Déborah 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
People with dementia are more likely than people without dementia to be hospitalized and to experience in-hospital preventable adverse events, such as falls, skin injury, and infection, compared to other hospitalized groups. Negative attitudes towards people with dementia are common among acute healthcare workers and have been linked to a cascade of negative adverse events in this population. However, no qualitative systematic review has ever been conducted to synthesize the existing evidence in this area, which hampers the development of preventative measures.

Aim
This is a protocol for a qualitative systematic review aimed at exploring and synthesizing existing qualitative evidence regarding the attitudes of nursing staff towards the prevention of adverse events among hospitalized people with dementia.

Methods
Literature searches will be performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The references of eligible studies will be checked for eligibility. All primary qualitative or mixed-methods studies with a qualitative component published in peer-reviewed academic journals in English, Portuguese, or Spanish will be eligible. There will be no limitations to the date of publication. The selection process will be conducted independently by two researchers using the software Rayyan and then compared and discussed. Any disagreements regarding eligibility will be discussed among the entire research team and resolved via consensus. Methodological quality will be assessed using Cochrane’s guidance. A meta-aggregative approach will be employed to extract and synthesize the evidence using the software package QARI from the JBI. The confidence in the findings will be graded using ConQual.

Implications
This review will help identify and better understand specific attitudinal and psychosocial aspects that influence nursing care delivery for people with dementia in hospital settings. Such data can be used to generate novel explanatory models of nursing behaviors in dementia care, as well as capacity building and training to enhance hospital care for people with dementia globally.
Staff perspectives on fall prevention activities in long-term care facilities for older residents: "Brief but often" staff education is key
Authors: Albasha Neah , Curtin Catriona , McCullagh Ruth , Cornally Nicola , Timmons Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Falls are a serious health problem in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), affecting more than 50% of residents. A key role of LTCF staff is to assess fall risks and implement fall prevention activities. Understanding the barriers and facilitators is key to successful implementation.

Methods
This descriptive qualitative study involving four LTCF facilities (varied provider types and sizes) in southwest Ireland. We recruited a convenience sample of 17 LTCF staff, who participated in semi-structured online 1:1 interviews (n = 7) or small group interviews (n = 10). The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflective thematic analysis.

Results
The participants included two directors of nursing, three therapists, one ward manager, one general practitioner, five nurses and five healthcare assistants. Six main themes were identified, reflecting factors that influenced fall prevention: a need for sufficient staff and appropriate skill mix; fall policy, documentation and leadership; equipment and safe environments; person-centred care; staff knowledge, skills and awareness in falls prevention; and staff communication and collaborative working. A wide range of approaches that supported LTCF staff to overcome barriers were identified, including audits and feedback, falls champions, fall prevention leaders, daily communication (e.g., safety pauses) and staff collaboration. Formal multidisciplinary meetings and identification systems to highlight residents at high risk of falling were not considered helpful. Staff suggested that education should be briefer, ongoing and practice-based (“brief but often”) to promote ownership and responsibility.

Conclusion
LTCF staff identified several approaches to prevent falls in LTCFs as part of usual care, rather than lengthy, formal meetings and training. The potential role of families in fall prevention was under-appreciated and should be investigated further.
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a low-resource primary care facility in Ghana
Authors: Engmann Stephen Tetteh , Lamptey Roberta , Lawson Henry Jeremy , Ofori-Amankwah Gerhard 
Published: September 2024

Background
Intimate partner violence in pregnancy is a significant public health issue that has several detrimental effects. Pregnant women subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) have a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a primary care antenatal clinic.

Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed to study intimate partner violence among 269 pregnant women in Accra, Ghana between July and October 2021. Participants were selected by systematic sampling technique. The self-reported Composite Abuse Scale was used to assess and classify intimate partner violence. Socio-demographic, clinical (obstetric) and behavioural characteristics were obtained with a structured questionnaire. Associations were determined between independent and dependent variables using the chi-squared test, and logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio (AOR). The statistical significance level was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of IPV was 11.2%. The prevalence of emotional/psychological abuse, harassment/controlling behaviour, physical abuse, sexual abuse and severe combined abuse were 12.3%, 13.0%, 8.2%, 3.3% and 8.9% respectively. Pregnant women who were employed had reduced odds of experiencing IPV [AOR = 0.16 (95%CI: 0.05–0.47), p = 0.001], however, the past experience of violence [AOR = 4.9 (95%CI: 1.06–22.96), p = 0.042], alcohol use by women [AOR = 7.8 (95%CI: 1.63–37.42), p = 0.01], and partners’ alcohol consumption [AOR = 10.0 (95%CI: 3.22–31.26), p<0.001] were associated with increased odds of IPV.

Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of IPV among pregnant women in this study from a resource-limited setting. The factors found to be associated with IPV in pregnancy were the employment status of women, alcohol consumption by women or their partners and a previous history of violence. Healthcare providers in primary care need to recognize IPV as a medical condition that can occur in pregnancy and be ready to assist and manage the victims when it is detected.
Pod povrchem odkladů školní docházky
Authors: Páchová Anna , Bílková Zuzana , Štefánková Zuzana , Zemanová Lenka 
Published: September 2024

Cíle: Česká republika patří k zemím s nejvyšší mírou odkladů školní docházky (OŠD), přesto zde najdeme jenom několik studií, které se danou problematikou zabývají. Předkládaná studie řeší OŠD ve vztahu ke školní (ne)úspěšnosti v průběhu 2. a 3. ročníku ZŠ. Naším cílem bylo zjistit, jak si vedou žáci s OŠD ve srovnání se svými spolužáky v oblasti kognitivních a didaktických výkonů a jak se jejich výkony dále vyvíjejí.
Metody: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 656 dětí, přičemž 137 z nich mělo OŠD. Všechny děti byly opakovaně ve 2. a 3. ročníku podrobeny kognitivním a didaktickým testům. Pro statistické srovnání výsledků byla využita analýza rozptylu pro opakovaná měření.
Výsledky: Ukázalo se, že mezi žáky s OŠD existuje ve výkonech výrazná variabilita a nelze je považovat za homogenní skupinu. Zatímco nejmladší žáci s OŠD (narozeni v letních měsících) podávají výkony srovnatelné s žáky bez OŠD, nejstarší žáci s OŠD jsou obecně nejslabší skupinou. Z hlediska vývoje se pak zdá, že deficity zachycené ve 2. ročníku mají nejčastěji tendenci přetrvávat.
What Is It to Be Real? Numbers as Real Species of a Category in the Late Medieval Debate about the Ontological Status of Numbers
Authors: Majcherek Kamil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article deals with one of the facets of a hitherto almost completely unexplored subject: the late medieval debate about the ontological status of numbers. It focuses on one of the most popular arguments in favor of a realist view of number. The realist view holds that a number adds a new form over and above the things that it numbers. The argument for the view is based on the thesis that since the categories are a classification of extramental reality, and number belongs to the category of Quantity, it, together with its form, must have extramental existence. The second part of the paper is devoted to an exposition and analysis of various rebuttals of this argument advanced by critics of realism about numbers. Throughout the whole discussion, the paper also gives an evaluation of the dialectical moves made by the participants in the debate.
Insurrection or Protest? A corpus-linguistic analysis of the news reporting by CNN and Fox News based on the January 6, 2021, events at the US Capitol
Authors: Prahtel Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The question if the January 6, 2021, events at the US Capitol were an insurrection, a protest or something in between, is highly contentious, and the words someone uses to refer to those events may reveal a great deal about their political stances. The present paper performs a corpus-linguistic analysis in order to investigate how the two major US news outlets CNN and Fox News reported on the January 6 events. The corpus contains 633 articles from CNN and 847 from Fox News, all of which were written over a time span of 10 months, starting on January 6, 2021. The corpus analysis is preceded by a detailed analysis of each outlet’s position on the political spectrum and their respective audiences, both based on statistics from independent polling organizations.
In Search of Systemic Impact: The Cooperative Assistance Fund and Program-Related Investments
Authors: Weber Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Scholars investigate philanthropy’s ability to effect change but pay less attention to strategies changing practices within the philanthropic sector. The Cooperative Assistance Fund (CAF) pioneered program-related investments (PRIs) as a philanthropic strategy that merged commercial and philanthropic logics, thus moving beyond traditional grantmaking practices. Adopting an institutional work perspective, the study describes the types of institutional work that promote a new philanthropic model. Historical evidence shows that CAF’s leadership reframed philanthropic approaches (framing work) and developed strategies influencing policy (political work), promoting PRIs (cultural work), and supporting interested foundations (technical work), but failed to develop a clear identity around these strategies (internal practice work). Taking advantage of historical methods, the study historically embeds the diverse types of institutional work that were employed, showing how these practices were often more reactive than proactive. The study contributes to our understanding of PRIs in linking their limited use to tensions between different institutional logics, while paradoxically contributing to the establishment of market-based approaches.
The Function of Digital Technology in Minority Language Preservation: The Case of the Gyalrong Tibetan Language
Authors: Tan Yunhuan , Jehom Welyne J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the digital media era, the preservation of minority languages and cultures faces profound challenges. This article focuses on the Gyalrong Tibetan language (GTL) as a representative case within the broader context of linguistic diversity endangerment. The emergence of digital technology as a supplementary tool to preserve endangered languages provides opportunities and challenges in language conservation. Adopting a qualitative research approach and thematic analysis, collecting data from previous studies, fieldwork, and interviews, this study considers the intersection of digital technology and GTL preservation. It examines 1) the opportunities, 2) the challenges and concerns of integrating digital technology and minority languages and 3) the evolving dynamics of language proficiency influenced by educational systems among younger generations. Moreover, these considerations are placed within the framework of media ecology and language shifts, exploring how communication technologies shape GTL and its cultural context. This research contributes empirical insights to the discourse on minority language revitalisation and offers a strategic view for further research into language preservation in a digitised world.
Thermosolutal Marangoni convective flow of MHD tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluids with elastic deformation and heat source
Authors: Zhou Xiangning , Qureshi Muhammad Amer , Khan Nargis , Jamshed Wasim , Mohamed Isa Siti Suzilliana Putri , Balakrishnan Nanthini , Hussain Syed M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, the Marangoni convective flow of magnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic (

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ethylene glycol) hybrid nanofluids over a plate dipped in a permeable material with heat absorption/generation, heat radiation, elastic deformation and viscous dissipation is discussed. The impact of activation energy is also examined. Hybrid nanofluids are regarded as advanced nanofluids due to the thermal characteristics and emerging advantages that support the desire to augment the rate of heat transmission. The generalized Cattaneo–Christov theory, which takes into account the significance of relaxation times, is modified for the phenomena of mass and heat transfer. The fundamental governing partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting similarity variables. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg-45 technique is utilized to solve nonlinear ODEs. Regarding the non-dimensional embedded parameters, a graphic investigation of the thermal field, concentration distribution, and velocity profile is performed. The results show that the increasing Marangoni ratio parameter enhances velocity and concentration distributions while decreases the temperature distribution. The velocity profile is decreased and the efficiency of heat transfer is improved as the porosity parameter is increased. Nusselt number is diminished with the rising values of the porosity variable.
Ausbau von lokalen Netzwerken zur Stärkung gesundheitsfördernder Strukturen in Bremen
Authors: Ambrosewicz Lisa , Hagedorn-Holthausen Jane , Tempel Günter 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Um Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Wohnquartieren anzusetzen, wo insbesondere viele Menschen in sozioökonomisch prekären Verhältnissen leben, ist es unabdingbar Strukturen und Netzwerke aufzubauen. Durch das Projekt „Kommunaler Strukturaufbau“ und die damit verbundene Netzwerkarbeit können gesundheitsrelevante Themen der Wohnquartiere direkt in den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst weitergetragen und aufgegriffen werden.
Die Umsetzung des Präventionsgesetzes in der Kommune: Projekterfahrungen dezentraler Gesundheitsförderung aus Nürnberg
Authors: Zimmermann Ina , Hentrich Sarah , Seebaß Katharina , Herbert-Maul Annika , Barth Janina 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das Präventionsgesetz hat dazu beigetragen, dass in Kommunen vermehrt Projekte der Gesundheitsförderung umgesetzt werden. In Nürnberg werden seit sieben Jahren dezentral Drittmittelprojekte durchgeführt. Kurzfristig wird so das Angebot an gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen erhöht. Um diese Aktivitäten in langfristige Strukturen zu überführen, bedarf es aufgrund bürokratischer Hürden angemessener Strategien.
Integration gesundheitlicher Belange in die Stadtplanung
Authors: Köckler Heike , Rüdiger Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Stadtplanung bietet vielfältige Möglichkeiten um gesundheitsbezogene Belange zu berücksichtigen und somit einen Beitrag zu Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention zu leisten. Die partizipative Funktionweise räumlicher Planung sieht vor, dass Träger öffentlicher Belange und die Öffentlichkeit Interessen in Planungsprozesse einbringen. Damit dies im Sinne einer gesundhetisfördernden Stadtentwicklung gelingt sind Fach- und Verfahrenswissen zentral.