bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding habitat selection across spatial scales: is grass always greener on the other side?
Authors: Acker Paul , Besnard Aurélien , Monnat Jean‐Yves , Cam Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHabitat selection theory predicts that natural selection should favor mechanisms allowing individuals to choose habitats associated with the highest fitness prospects. However, identifying sources of information on habitat quality that individuals use to choose their breeding habitat has proved to be difficult. It has also proven difficult to identify dispersal costs that prevent individuals from joining the highest‐quality sites. A synthesis that integrates dispersal costs and habitat selection mechanisms across space has remained elusive. Because costs of dispersal are generally distance‐dependent, we suggest that a habitat selection strategy of sequential proximity search (SPS) can be favored by natural selection. This strategy requires that animals make decisions at multiple scales: whether to stay or leave the previous breeding site, depending on reproductive success; then, if dispersal is chosen, use information on neighborhood habitat quality to decide whether to stay in the neighborhood or leave, expanding the search area until the nearest suitable site is chosen. SPS minimizes distance‐dependent dispersal costs while maximizing benefits of gaining a better habitat. We found evidence of breeding dispersal behavior consistent with this strategy in a kittiwake population stratified into a spatial hierarchy from colonies to nest sites. We used a mixed sequential regression model to study dispersal decisions, indexed by breeding dispersal movement, of 2,558 individuals over 32 yr. Scale‐dependent dispersal propensities of kittiwakes varied according to breeding status, breeding experience, sex and individual identity. We suggest that distance‐dependent dispersal costs result from strong competition among kittiwakes for nest sites. Individual decisions regarding dispersal (whether to leave or not, and where to go) depend on nesting habitat quality as well as the competitive ability required to keep territory ownership in a previous site, or to acquire a new site; this ability varies according to distance between sites and individual characteristics. Additional studies are needed to establish the generality of SPS in habitat selection.
Sicilian Opuntia ficus‐indica seed oil: Fatty acid composition and bio‐economical aspects
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Bongiorno David , Scurria Antonino , Danzì Carmelo , Timpanaro Giuseppe , Delisi Riccardo , Avellone Giuseppe , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: July 2017

The fatty acid composition of the seed oil from the yellow fruit of Opuntia ficus‐indica widely grown in Sicily shows several distinctive features. The oil obtained comprises significant amounts of vaccenic acid along with several other unsaturated fatty acids showing several health benefits, including linolenic, trans‐13‐octadecenoic, gondoic, 7Z,10Z‐hexadecadienoic, and gadoleic acid. The economic analysis shows the significant advantage of carrying out the extraction from fruits considered unfit for consumption.Practical applications: The fatty acid composition of Sicilian Opuntia ficus‐indica seed oil is similar to that of fruits grown in Tunisia, while it has a completely different profile than the OFI fruits grown in Algeria and Morocco. Like the oil obtained in Tunisia, the Sicilian oil has a higher vaccenic acid content, but it comprises significant amounts of other unsaturated fatty acids showing highly beneficial health properties. Extracted from fruits considered unfit for consumption, its production generates €1220 additional revenues per tonne of unfit fruit thereby significantly improving the economics of OFI processing companies. The oil has several potential applications which go beyond cosmetics, especially as nutraceutical ingredient. With increasing usage and market expansion, we predict that cold press extraction will be replaced by advanced extraction methods such as extraction with supercritical CO2 maximizing for example the biophenol amount in the oil.The fatty acid composition of the seed oil from the yellow fruit of Opuntia ficus‐indica widely grown in Sicily shows several distinctive features. The oil obtained comprises significant amounts of vaccenic acid along with several other unsaturated fatty acids showing several health benefits, including linolenic, trans‐13‐octadecenoic, gondoic, 7Z,10Z‐hexadecadienoic, and gadoleic acid. The economic analysis shows the significant advantage of carrying out the extraction from fruits considered unfit for consumption.
Seismic risk assessment of liquid storage tanks via a nonlinear surrogate model
Authors: Bakalis Konstantinos , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Fragiadakis Michalis 
Published: July 2017

SummaryA performance‐based earthquake engineering approach is developed for the seismic risk assessment of fixed‐roof atmospheric steel liquid storage tanks. The proposed method is based on a surrogate single‐mass model that consists of elastic beam‐column elements and nonlinear springs. Appropriate component and system‐level damage states are defined, following the identification of commonly observed modes of failure that may occur during an earthquake. Incremental dynamic analysis and simplified cloud are offered as potential approaches to derive the distribution of response parameters given the seismic intensity. A parametric investigation that engages the aforementioned analysis methods is conducted on 3 tanks of varying geometry, considering both anchored and unanchored support conditions. Special attention is paid to the elephant's foot buckling formation, by offering extensive information on its capacity and demand representation within the seismic risk assessment process. Seismic fragility curves are initially extracted for the component‐level damage states, to compare the effect of each analysis approach on the estimated performance. The subsequent generation of system‐level fragility curves reveals the issue of nonsequential damage states, whereby significant damage may abruptly appear without precursory lighter damage states.
Activity‐dependent astrocyte swelling is mediated by pH‐regulating mechanisms
Authors: Larsen Brian Roland , MacAulay Nanna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring neuronal activity in the mammalian brain, the K+ released into the synaptic space is initially buffered by the astrocytic compartment. In parallel, the extracellular space (ECS) shrinks, presumably due to astrocytic cell swelling. With the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter and the Kir4.1/AQP4 complex not required for the astrocytic cell swelling in the hippocampus, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity‐dependent ECS shrinkage have remained unresolved. To identify these molecular mechanisms, we employed ion‐sensitive microelectrodes to measure changes in ECS, [K+]o and [H+]o/pHo during electrical stimulation of rat hippocampal slices. Transporters and receptors responding directly to the K+ and glutamate released into the extracellular space (the K+/Cl− cotransporter, KCC, glutamate transporters and G protein‐coupled receptors) did not modulate the extracellular space dynamics. The
‐transporting mechanism, which in astrocytes mainly constitutes the electrogenic Na+/
cotransporter 1 (NBCe1), is activated by the K+‐mediated depolarization of the astrocytic membrane. Inhibition of this transporter reduced the ECS shrinkage by ∼25% without affecting the K+ transients, pointing to NBCe1 as a key contributor to the stimulus‐induced astrocytic cell swelling. Inhibition of the monocarboxylate cotransporters (MCT), like‐wise, reduced the ECS shrinkage by ∼25% without compromising the K+ transients. Isosmotic reduction of extracellular Cl− revealed a requirement for this ion in parts of the ECS shrinkage. Taken together, the stimulus‐evoked astrocytic cell swelling does not appear to occur as a direct effect of the K+ clearance, as earlier proposed, but partly via the pH‐regulating transport mechanisms activated by the K+‐induced astrocytic depolarization and the activity‐dependent metabolism.
Is De‐extinction Special?
Authors: Greely Henry T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractI have been involved with the current interest in de‐extinction since early 2012, nearly its beginning. I have given a lot of thought to the potential risks and benefits of de‐extinction. But only recently, after deep immersion in discussions around CRISPR‐Cas9, the hottest new tool in bioscience since polymerase chain reaction, have I thought about a more fundamental question: how, if at all, is de‐extinction special? Are “revived species” just another kind of genetically modified organism, raising essentially the same general concerns? I answer, for the most part, yes. De‐extinction is not (very) special. New biotechnologies are giving humans even more power to change the biosphere but more directly, more quickly, and more utterly than ever before. De‐extinction is just one possible, and probably small, use of those technologies. Our attention, for the most part, should be on the bigger issues of regulating this power, rather than focusing specifically on their application to de‐extinction.
De‐extinction and Taking Control of Earth's “Metabolism”
Authors: Preston Christopher J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn a laboratory on a university campus in Santa Cruz, California, Ben Novak is doing everything he can to bring Ectopistes migratorius back from the dead. Using techniques now available in genome reading and gene synthesis, he and paleogenomicist Beth Shapiro hope that, by 2032, a flock of passenger pigeons ten thousand or more strong will have resumed an ecologically significant role in the mast forests of the Eastern United States. Novak knows—and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) affirms—that the challenges involved in making de‐extinction work are far from solely genetic. Novak is doing an ecological risk assessment of passenger pigeon reintroduction to figure out whether flocks of the resurrected species would pose any special hazards to ecosystems. Ecological harm is one of several worries attending the prospect of de‐extinction. Among other concerns are the possible harm that individuals born through this process might suffer and the possible introduction of disease vectors. But I want to step back from these immediate questions and think about some conceptual ones that operate in the background. Technology can be a grand shaper of cultural norms and expectations, and de‐extinction should be looked at in relation to a number of emerging technologies. This paper will examine the degree to which de‐extinction is part of a more widespread restructuring of ethical relationships to the surrounding world that are under way at the hands of emerging technologies. This restructuring is part of an ongoing shift in how to think about conservation in the new epoch of the Anthropocene.
Mothers with substance addictions show reduced reward responses when viewing their own infant's face
Authors: Kim Sohye , Iyengar Udita , Mayes Linda C. , Potenza Marc N. , Rutherford Helena J. V. , Strathearn Lane 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMaternal addiction constitutes a major public health problem affecting children, with high rates of abuse, neglect, and foster care placement. However, little is known about the ways in which substance addiction alters brain function related to maternal behavior. Prior studies have shown that infant face cues activate similar dopamine‐associated brain reward regions to substances of abuse. Here, we report on a functional MRI study documenting that mothers with addictions demonstrate reduced activation of reward regions when shown reward‐related cues of their own infants. Thirty‐six mothers receiving inpatient treatment for substance addiction were scanned at 6 months postpartum, while viewing happy and sad face images of their own infant compared to those of a matched unknown infant. When viewing happy face images of their own infant, mothers with addictions showed a striking pattern of decreased activation in dopamine‐ and oxytocin‐innervated brain regions, including the hypothalamus, ventral striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex—regions in which increased activation has previously been observed in mothers without addictions. Our results are the first to demonstrate that mothers with addictions show reduced activation in key reward regions of the brain in response to their own infant's face cues. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5421–5439, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associations between self‐reported sleep quality and white matter in community‐dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sexton Claire E. , Zsoldos Enikő , Filippini Nicola , Griffanti Ludovica , Winkler Anderson , Mahmood Abda , Allan Charlotte L. , Topiwala Anya , Kyle Simon D. , Spiegelhalder Kai , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Kivimaki Mika , Mackay Clare E. , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Ebmeier Klaus P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBoth sleep disturbances and decline in white matter microstructure are commonly observed in ageing populations, as well as in age‐related psychiatric and neurological illnesses. A relationship between sleep and white matter microstructure may underlie such relationships, but few imaging studies have directly examined this hypothesis. In a study of 448 community‐dwelling members of the Whitehall II Imaging Sub‐Study aged between 60 and 82 years (90 female, mean age 69.2 ± 5.1 years), we used the magnetic resonance imaging technique diffusion tensor imaging to examine the relationship between self‐reported sleep quality and white matter microstructure. Poor sleep quality at the time of the diffusion tensor imaging scan was associated with reduced global fractional anisotropy and increased global axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity values, with small effect sizes. Voxel‐wise analysis showed that widespread frontal‐subcortical tracts, encompassing regions previously reported as altered in insomnia, were affected. Radial diffusivity findings remained significant after additional correction for demographics, general cognition, health, and lifestyle measures. No significant differences in general cognitive function, executive function, memory, or processing speed were detected between good and poor sleep quality groups. The number of times participants reported poor sleep quality over five time‐points spanning a 16‐year period was not associated with white matter measures. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that current sleep quality is linked to white matter microstructure. Small effect sizes may limit the extent to which poor sleep is a promising modifiable factor that may maintain, or even improve, white matter microstructure in ageing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5465–5473, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breakfast choice: An experiment combining a nutritional training workshop targeting adolescents and the promotion of unhealthy products
Authors: Mora Toni , Lopez‐Valcarcel Beatriz G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA randomised control trial was conducted to determine changes in the food and drink choices of adolescents following their participation in a 50‐min nutrition workshop. The experiment was conducted at 104 schools in Barcelona (126 classes, 3,291 adolescents). Schools were randomly selected and stratified by district and by public or private status. The students were given three types of vouchers with different options regarding the type of food for which the vouchers could be exchanged (standard for healthy food and drink, two for one for unhealthy food, and two for one for unhealthy drink). Difference‐in‐differences linear models that control for individual, family, school or neighbourhood characteristics, and the influence of peers were applied. The probability of students' choosing unhealthy food and drink fell by 7.1% and 4.4%, respectively, following participation in the nutrition workshop. The promotion of unhealthy beverages counteracted the positive impact of the workshop on beverage choice.
Epstein‐Barr virus positivity is associated with angiogenesis in, and poorer survival of, patients receiving standard treatment for classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Koh Young Wha , Han Jae‐Ho , Yoon Dok Hyun , Suh Cheolwon , Huh Jooryung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a significant contributor to the development of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Recent studies have documented associations between angiogenesis and EBV‐associated malignancies. No study has yet examined the associations among, and prognostic implications of, EBV infection, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and microvessel density (MVD) in cHL patients. Diagnostic tissues from 135 cHL patients treated with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) were retrospectively evaluated by in situ hybridization of EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) and immunohistochemical staining for VEGF and CD31 (a measure of MVD). EBER and VEGF expression were positively correlated (P = 0.038). The mean MVD value of EBER‐positive tumors was significantly higher than that of EBER‐negative tumors (P = 0.034). The mean MVD of tumors positive for both EBER and VEGF was significantly higher than that of tumors negative for both markers (P = 0.008). EBER‐positive patients had a lower 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate than EBER‐negative patients (P = 0.046). A high MVD was also associated with a poorer OS (P = 0.01); multivariate analysis showed that this was a significant and independent prognostic factor (P = 0.026). We found positive correlations between EBER and VEGF levels, and the MVD, indicating that EBV plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. Targeting of both angiogenesis and EBV may be important when treating cHL patients who are EBER‐positive and/or have a high MVD.
Iron‐Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation via Chelation‐Assisted C−H Activation
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis review provides a brief overview of iron‐catalyzed C−C bond forming reactions via heteroatom‐assisted C−H bond activation, which have been extensively developed in the last decade. Three major types of reactions are discussed, namely, (1) C−H activation/C−C coupling using organometallic reagents under oxidative conditions, (2) C−H activation/C−C coupling using organic electrophiles under redox‐neutral conditions, and (3) C−H activation/C−C coupling using unsaturated hydrocarbons under redox‐neutral or oxidative conditions.
Comparison of four different fuller's earth formulations in skin decontamination
Authors: Roul Annick , Le Cong‐Anh‐Khanh , Gustin Marie‐Paule , Clavaud Emmanuel , Verrier Bernard , Pirot Fabrice , Falson Françoise 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIndustrial accidents, wars and terrorist threats are potential sources of skin contamination by highly toxic chemical warfare agents and manufacturing compounds. We have compared the time‐dependent adsorption capacity and decontamination efficiency of fuller's earth (FE) for four different formulations for the molecular tracer, 4‐cyanophenol (4‐CP), in vitro and ex vivo using water decontamination as standard. The adsorption capacity of FE was assessed in vitro for 4‐CP aqueous solutions whereas decontamination efficiency was investigated ex vivo by tracking porcine skin 4‐CP content using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Decontamination was performed on short time, exposed porcine skin to 4‐CP by application of FE: (1) as free powder; (2) loaded on adhesive tape; (3) on powdered glove; or (4) in suspension. Removal rate of 4‐CP from aqueous solutions correlates with the amount of FE and its contact time. Decontamination efficiency estimated by the percentage of 4‐CP recovery from contaminated porcine skin, achieved 54% with water, ranged between ~60 and 70% with dry FE and reached ~90% with FE suspension. Successful decontamination of the FE suspension, enabling a dramatic reduction of skin contamination after a brief exposure scenario, appears to be rapid, reliable and should be formulated in a new device ready to use for self‐application.
In vitro evaluation of the internalization and toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles and submicroparticles for the design of dermal drug delivery strategies
Authors: Vicente Sara , Moia Claudia , Zhu Huijun , Vigé Xavier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of colloidal silica nanoparticles and sub‐microparticles (SiPs) have been considered a very interesting strategy for drug delivery applications. In the present study, we have focused our attention on the suitability of these nanomaterials as potential carriers for dermal drug delivery, thus studying their toxicological profile in vitro, cellular uptake and intracellular localization in both human keratinocytes (K17) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) as a function of their particle size (SiPs of 20, 70, 200 and 500 nm). Full characterization of these aspects enabled us to observe a strong cell‐type dependency in terms of cytotoxicity and cell internalization, whereas particle size was only relevant for ultra‐small SiPs (20 nm), being the most toxic SiPs. For 70, 200 and 500 nm SiPs, the differences in uptake and intracellular trafficking determined the different toxicological profiles in K17 and HDF. In addition, these characteristics can further define different drug delivery strategies. Hence, phagocytosis has been identified as the main internalization mechanism for K17, and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis for HDF. This relevant information led us to conclude that fibroblasts would be optimal targets for delivering delicate therapeutic molecules such as proteins or genetic material using SiPs while maintaining a low toxicity profile, whereas keratinocytes could enable accelerated drug release therapies based on SiPs.
Comparison of the proteomes of mouse Skin Derived Precursors (SKPs) and SKP‐derived fibroblasts (SFBs) by iTRAQ
Authors: Mao Yujie , Xiong Lidan , Li Li 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSkin‐derived precursors (SKPs) can differentiate into fibroblasts. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the differentiation process. Our previous study has compared the transcriptomes of mouse SKPs and SKP‐derived fibroblasts (SFBs) by RNA‐Seq analysis and found some genes and signal pathways that might play important roles in the transition from SKPs to SFBs. Here, to further investigate the process by which SKPs differentiate into fibroblasts, we compared the proteomes between SKPs and SFBs using iTRAQ. Our results showed that 243 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Among the 28 DEPs which were related to the functional group of cell differentiation, Down‐regulated DEPs collagen XVIII, keratin 10, keratin 5, keratin 14, and TIFIbeta, up‐regulated DEPs Thy‐1, ANXA1, alpha‐catenin, and calreticulin might play important roles in the transition of SKPs to fibroblasts. Further study is needed to clarify the roles of these proteins in the differentiation process of SKPs into fibroblasts, which could facilitate investigations of the detailed molecular mechanisms in the process and make it possible to take advantage of the potential therapeutic applications of SKPs in skin regeneration in the future.