bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs‐Based Imaging Techniques in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Keshavarzi Maryam , Sorayayi Saba , Jafar Rezaei Mohammad , Mohammadi Mohsen , Ghaderi Amir , Rostamzadeh Ayoob , Masoudifar Aria , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCancer is one of the most serious global health concerns in different populations. Several studies indicated that there are many potentially promising cellular and molecular targets for cancer therapy within cancer cells and their microenvironment. Among different cellular and molecular targets involved in cancer pathogenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) are well known as key targets for cancer therapy. miRNAs are one of main classes of non‐coding RNAs. These molecules play important roles in different critical processes of cancer pathogenesis. Hence, this makes miRNAs as a suitable tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are different approaches for monitoring miRNAs in cancer patients. Some conventional approaches including next‐generation sequencing, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), northern blotting, and microarrays could be used for assessment of miRNAs expression. Some studies revealed that the utilization of these approaches associated with various limitations. Recently, it has been revealed that molecular imaging techniques are powerful tools for monitoring of different cellular and molecular targets involved in various diseases such as cancer. These techniques help investigators to investigate and monitor miRNAs functions through assessing different targets by fluorescent proteins, bioluminescent enzymes, molecular beacons, as well as various nanoparticles. Therefore, utilization of molecular imaging techniques could assist investigators to better monitor and more effectively treat patients during different phases of malignancy. Here, we give a review on the current state of miRNAs‐based imaging techniques in cancer diagnosis and therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4121–4128, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The investigation of association between IL‐1Ra and ACE I/D polymorphisms in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Cevik Betul , Tekcan Akin , Inanir Ahmet , Kurt Semiha Gulsum , Yigit Serbulent 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common neurologic impairment caused by injury on the median nerve in the wrist, characterized by pain and loss of sensory. CTS usually occurs through three factors, such as a mechanical pressure on median nerve, immunologic changes, and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphisms on the susceptibility of patients to the CTS.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐eight patients with CTS and 151 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Each patient was analyzed according to diseases symptoms, such as gender, a positive Tinel's sign, a positive Phalen maneuver, disease sides, EMG findings, and clinical stage. We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the polymorphisms of IL‐1Ra and ACE I/D.ResultsThe statistically significant relation was not found between IL‐1Ra, ACE I/D polymorphisms and CTS (respectively, P>.05; P>.05, OR: 1.51, CI: 0.82‐1.61). Additionally, in the result of the statistical analysis compared with gene polymorphisms and clinical characteristics, we did not find any correlation (P>.05).ConclusionsOur findings showed that there are no associations of IL‐1Ra and ACE I/D polymorphisms with susceptibility of a person for the development of CTS. So, it means that these polymorphisms do not create a risk for the development of CTS. Further studies with larger populations will be required to confirm these findings in different study populations.
Exploring Tyrosine‐Triazolinedione (TAD) Reactions for the Selective Conjugation and Cross‐Linking of N‐Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Derived Synthetic Copolypeptides
Authors: Hanay Saltuk B. , Ritzen Bas , Brougham Dermot , Dias Aylvin A. , Heise Andreas 
Published: March 2017

Highly efficient functionalization and cross‐linking of polypeptides is achieved via tyrosine‐triazolinedione (TAD) conjugation chemistry. The feasibility of the reaction is demonstrated by the reaction of 4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (PTAD) with tyrosine containing block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)‐Tyr4 as well as a statistical copolymer of tyrosine and lysine (poly(Lys40‐st‐Tyr10)) prepared form N‐carboxyanhydride polymerization. Selective reaction of PTAD with the tyrosine units is obtained and verified by size exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, two monofunctional and two difunctional TAD molecules are synthesized. It is found that their stability in the aqueous reaction media significantly varied. Under optimized reaction conditions selective functionalization and cross‐linking, yielding polypeptide hydrogels, can be achieved. TAD‐mediated conjugation can offer an interesting addition in the toolbox of selective (click‐like) polypeptide conjugation methodologies as it does not require functional non‐natural amino acids.
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Capitalizing on Protecting Groups to Influence Vinyl Catechol Monomer Reactivity and Monomer Gradient in Carbanionic Copolymerization
Authors: Leibig Daniel , Lange Anna‐Katharina , Birke Alexandra , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2017

Several vinyl catechol‐based monomers with systematically varied acetal protecting groups suitable for carbanionic polymerization are introduced. All monomers are based on the 4‐vinyl benzodioxole or 5‐vinyl benzodioxole structure and differ in the nature of the protecting group for the catechol functionalities. Different symmetric ketones are used for the protection of the diol functionality. Polymers with average molecular weight from 2500 to 25 000 g mol−1 (Mw/Mn < 1.15) are obtained from homopolymerization of the protected monomers. All monomers are examined regarding the influence of the protecting group on the copolymerization behavior with styrene, using in situ 1H NMR kinetic studies. Length and structure of the alkyl chains generally show no influence for all monomers based on 5‐vinyl benzodioxole. In contrast, all monomers with the protecting group in direct vicinity to the propagating vinyl moiety exhibit dependence between monomer reactivity and chain length of the protecting group. A decrease of the monomer reactivity enables control of the gradient in the copolymerization with styrene. Finally, the first terpolymerization kinetics of a carbanionic polymerization in 1H NMR kinetics is presented, combining the monomers 3‐vinyl catechol acetonide, styrene, and 4‐vinyl catechol acetonide, which enables the one‐pot synthesis of double gradient terpolymers.
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Photodeformable Microspheres from Methacrylate‐Based Azo Homopolymers
Authors: Liu Bingyang , Zhou Yuqi , Zhou Xinran , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: March 2017

In this study, two methacrylate‐based azo homopolymers are synthesized and used to fabricate photodeformable microspheres through a self‐assembling approach. The methacrylate‐based azo homopolymer with the narrow molecular weight distribution is synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, while the other with the relatively broad molecular weight distribution is synthesized by conventional radical polymerization. The azo polymers are characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis TGA, gel permeation chromatography GPC, and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) m. The colloidal spheres are obtained by gradually adding deionized water into the solutions of the azo polymers in N,N‐dimethylformamide. Laser light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy observations show that although both azo polymers can form uniform colloidal spheres in the dispersions, the molecular weight and its distribution show significant effects on the colloid formation process and the sizes of the colloidal spheres formed in the process. Upon irradiation with a linearly polarized Ar+ laser beam for a period of time, the azo polymer microspheres show the elongated deformation along the polarization direction of the actinic light.
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Detecting in vivo urokinase plasminogen activator activity with a catalyCEST MRI contrast agent
Authors: Sinharay Sanhita , Howison Christine M. , Baker Amanda F. , Pagel Mark D. 
Published: March 2017

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. The monitoring of uPA activity using molecular imaging may have prognostic value and be predictive for response to anti‐cancer therapies. However, the detection of in vivo enzyme activity with molecular imaging remains a challenge. To address this problem, we designed a nonmetallic contrast agent, GR‐4Am‐SA, that can be detected with chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI. This agent has a peptide that is cleaved by uPA, which causes a CEST signal at 5.0 ppm to decrease, and also has a salicylic acid moiety that can produce a CEST signal at 9.5 ppm, which is largely unresponsive to enzyme activity. The two CEST signals were used to determine a reaction coordinate, representing the extent of enzyme‐catalyzed cleavage of the GR‐4Am‐SA agent during an experimental study. Initial biochemical studies showed that GR‐4Am‐SA could detect uPA activity in reducing conditions. Subsequently, we used our catalyCEST MRI protocol with the agent to detect the uPA catalysis of GR‐4Am‐SA in a flank xenograft model of Capan‐2 pancreatic cancer. The results showed an average reaction coordinate of 80% ± 8%, which was strongly dependent on the CEST signal at 5.0 ppm. The relative independence of the reaction coordinate on the CEST signal at 9.5 ppm showed that the detection of enzyme activity was largely independent of the concentration of GR‐4Am‐SA within the tumor tissue. These results demonstrated the advantages of a single CEST agent with biomarker‐responsive and unresponsive signals for reliably assessing enzyme activity during in vivo cancer studies.
Adapting an attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder parent training intervention to different cultural contexts: The experience of implementing the New Forest Parenting Programme in China, Denmark, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Thompson Margaret J. J. , Au Alma , Laver‐Bradbury Cathy , Lange Anne‐Mette , Tripp Gail , Shimabukuro Shizuka , Zhang Jin S. , Shuai Lan , Thompson Catherine E. , Daley David , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP) is a parenting program developed for parents who have a child with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is a manualized program that is delivered in a parent's home over 8 weeks, or in a group format, or through a self‐help manual. Three randomized controlled trials have been carried out in the United Kingdom. The NFPP group has adapted the program according to feedback from parents and therapists, and for use with different populations, both within the United Kingdom and internationally. The first international trial took place in New York, United States. Trials in Denmark, Hong Kong, and Japan followed. More recently, a trial of the self‐help manual has been carried out in mainland China. This paper will outline the adaptions that were needed in order to be able to deliver the program in different countries with their own expectations of parenting, culture, and language. Training had to be differently focused; manuals and handouts had to be revised, translated and back‐translated; and supervision had to be delivered at a distance to maintain the fidelity of the program. The international group will outline their experience of running trials in their own countries with the NFPP in a face‐to‐face format (Denmark), a group format (Hong Kong and Japan), and a self‐help format (mainland China).
The differential plasma proteome of obese and overweight individuals undergoing a nutritional weight loss and maintenance intervention
Authors: Oller Moreno Sergio , Cominetti Ornella , Núñez Galindo Antonio , Irincheeva Irina , Corthésy John , Astrup Arne , Saris Wim H.M. , Hager Jörg , Kussmann Martin , Dayon Loïc 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe nutritional intervention program “DiOGenes” focuses on how obesity can be prevented and treated from a dietary perspective. We generated differential plasma proteome profiles in the DiOGenes cohort to identify proteins associated with weight loss and maintenance and explore their relation to body mass index, fat mass, insulin resistance, and sensitivity.Experimental designRelative protein quantification was obtained at baseline and after combined weight loss/maintenance phases using isobaric tagging and MS/MS. A Welch t‐test determined proteins differentially present after intervention. Protein relationships with clinical variables were explored using univariate linear models, considering collection center, gender and age as confounding factors.ResultsFour hundred and seventy three subjects were measured at baseline and end of the intervention; 39 proteins were longitudinally differential. Proteins with largest changes were sex hormone‐binding globulin, adiponectin, C‐reactive protein, calprotectin, serum amyloid A, and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), whose association with obesity and weight loss is known. We identified new putative biomarkers for weight loss/maintenance. Correlation between PRG4 and proline‐rich acidic protein 1 variation and Matsuda insulin sensitivity increment was showed.Conclusion and clinical relevanceMS‐based proteomic analysis of a large cohort of non‐diabetic overweight and obese individuals concomitantly identified known and novel proteins associated with weight loss and maintenance.
A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Tumors and Associated Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Authors: Scollon Sarah , Anglin Amanda Knoth , Thomas Martha , Turner Joyce T. , Wolfe Schneider Kami 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn understanding of the role of inherited cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric tumor diagnoses continues to develop as more information is learned through the application of genomic technology. Identifying patients and their relatives at an increased risk for developing cancer is an important step in the care of this patient population. The purpose of this review is to highlight various tumor types that arise in the pediatric population and the cancer predisposition syndromes associated with those tumors. The review serves as a guide for recognizing genes and conditions to consider when a pediatric cancer referral presents to the genetics clinic.
Public's Views toward Return of Secondary Results in Genomic Sequencing: It's (Almost) All about the Choice
Authors: Ryan Kerry A. , De Vries Raymond G. , Uhlmann Wendy R. , Roberts J. Scott , Gornick Michele C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe therapeutic use of genomic sequencing creates novel and unresolved questions about cost, clinical efficacy, access, and the disclosure of sequencing results. The disclosure of the secondary results of sequencing poses a particularly challenging ethical problem. Experts disagree about which results should be shared and public input – especially important for the creation of disclosure policies – is complicated by the complex nature of genetics. Recognizing the value of deliberative democratic methods for soliciting informed public opinion on matters like these, we recruited participants from a clinical research site for an all‐day deliberative democracy (DD) session. Participants were introduced to the clinical and ethical issues associated with genomic sequencing, after which they discussed the tradeoffs and offered their opinions about policies for the return of secondary results. Participants (n = 66; mean age = 57 (SD = 15); 70% female; 76% white) were divided into 10 small groups (5 to 8 participants each) allowing interactive deliberation on policy options for the return of three categories of secondary results: 1) medically actionable results; 2) risks for adult‐onset disorders identified in children; and 3) carrier status for autosomal recessive disorders. In our qualitative analysis of the session transcripts, we found that while participants favored choice and had a preference for making information available, they also acknowledged the risks (and benefits) of learning such information. Our research reveals the nuanced reasoning used by members of the public when weighing the pros and cons of receiving genomic information, enriching our understanding of the findings of surveys of attitudes regarding access to secondary results.
Paleoethnobotanical Sampling Adequacy and Ubiquity
Authors: Diehl Michael W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTArchaeological researchers and compliance review officers need to know whether or not a research plan will yield sufficient information to meet research objectives. Despite the need, a key question is often not addressed in proposals or reports: how many flotation samples are sufficient to adequately characterize the food procurement practices at an archaeological site? This article reviews the relationship between ubiquity and statistical probability. By considering the relationship between theoretical ubiquity, measured ubiquity, population ubiquity, and statistical probability, archaeological researchers and compliance officers may assess how many samples must be analyzed in order to adequately characterize the paleoethnobotanical assemblage from a site. These considerations generally apply to any other archaeological data in which presence-absence measures are commonly used and are especially relevant to diet-breadth models in the interest arena of behavioral ecology.
On the non-parallel instability of the rotating-sphere boundary layer
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Garrett Stephen J. 
Published: March 2017

We present a new solution for the steady boundary-layer flow over the rotating sphere that also accounts for the eruption of the boundary layer at the equator and other higher-order viscous effects. Non-parallel corrections to the local type I and type II convective instability modes of this flow are also computed as a function of spin rate. Our instability results are associated with the previously observed spiral vortices and remarkable agreement between our predictions of the number of vortices and experimental observations is found. Vortices travelling at 70 %–80 % of the local surface speed are found to be the most amplified for sufficient spin rates, also consistent with prior experimental observations.
Normalized dissipation rate in a moderate Taylor Reynolds number flow
Authors: Puga Alejandro J. , LaRue John C. 
Published: March 2017

Time-resolved velocity measurements are obtained using a hot-wire in a nearly homogeneous and isotropic flow downstream of an active grid for a range of Taylor Reynolds numbers from$191$to$659$. It is found that the dimensionless dissipation rate,$C_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$, is nearly a constant for sufficiently high values of Taylor Reynolds number,$R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},u_{q}}$, and is approximately equal to$0.87$. This value is approximately$5\,\%$less than the value reported by Boset al.(Phys. Fluids, vol. 19 (4), 2007, 045101), which is obtained using DNS/LES (direct numerical simulation combined with large eddy simulation) for decaying homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, and is in excellent agreement with the active grid experiment of Thormann & Meneveau (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26 (2), 2014, 025112.). The results presented herein show that deviation from isotropy may cause inconsistencies in the computation of$C_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}$. As a result, it is suggested that the velocity scale be the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy. The integral length scale measurements obtained from the longitudinal velocity correlation are in close agreement with the integral length scale measured from the peak of the energy spectrum,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}E_{11}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$is the wavenumber and$E_{11}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$is the one-dimensional power spectrum of the downstream velocity.
Phenotypic and molecular characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin slaughterhouse pig-related workers and control workers in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: WANG X. L. , LI L. , LI S. M. , HUANG J. Y. , FAN Y. P. , YAO Z. J. , YE X. H. , CHEN S. D. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYPig farmers and veterinarians have high prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) due to the occupational livestock exposure, while few reported this association on slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the phenotypic and molecular characteristics ofS. aureusand MRSA in slaughterhouse pig-related workers and control workers in Guangdong Province, China. Participants were interviewed and provided two nasal swabs. Swabs were tested forS. aureus, and isolates were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes and multi-locus sequence typing. Compared with control workers, pig-related workers have significantly higher prevalence of MRSA carriage (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 3·70, 95% CI 1·63–8·40). The proportions of MRSA resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline or chloromycetin were significantly higher in pig-related workers than in control workers. The predominant phenotypes ofS. aureuswere resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Three MRSA CC9 isolates with livestock-associated characteristics (resistance to tetracycline and absence of immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes) were detected in pig-related workers but not in control workers. For human-associated CCs (CC7, CC59, CC6, and CC188), there was no significant difference in IEC profile or antimicrobial resistance between the groups. These findings reveal that there may be a potential risk for livestock-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA and human-to-human transmission of human-associated MRSA.
The role of contextual frequency in the articulation of initial /f/ in Modern Spanish: The same effect as in the reduction of Latin /f/?
Authors: Brown Earl K. , Alba Matthew C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe acoustic energy of 996 tokens of word-initial /f/ in the speech of 38 speakers of Mexican Spanish was analyzed. The results suggest that the frequency with which words occur in phonological contexts favorable to reduction (Frequency in a Reducing Context or FRC) conditions the reduction of /f/, even after taking into account the immediate phonological context. Despite this, it is also found that the conditioning effect of FRC is less robust than the influence of the immediate phonological context, thus confirming the preeminence in these data of the online articulatory factors in comparison to the usage-based frequency factors.