bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atorvastatin Reduces Plasma Inflammatory and Oxidant Biomarkers in Patients With Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mayyas Fadia , Baydoun Duha , Ibdah Rasheed , Ibrahim Khalid 
Published: January 2018

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with endothelial injury and coronary artery disease. Inflammatory factors that promote oxidative damage include endothelin-1 (ET-1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Current guidelines recommend the use of statins in patients with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Aim: To assess the impact of atorvastatin on plasma inflammatory and oxidant biomarkers in patients with moderate to very high risk of ASCVD. Method: Two hundred ten patients presented to the cardiology clinic were included and stratified into low, moderate, high, and very high risk of ASCVD. Moderate- (20 mg/d) to high-intensity (40 mg/d) atorvastatin was prescribed. Plasma levels of lipids, ET-1, CRP, MPO, total nitrite, lipid peroxides (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment. Result: Relative to low-risk patients, baseline plasma inflammatory markers of CRP, MPO, ET-1, and nitrite were higher in patients with very high risk of ASCVD, whereas plasma SOD was lower (all P < .05). Use of high and moderate atorvastatin therapy significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, as well as plasma levels of CRP, MPO, nitrite, and TBARS, and increased plasma SOD activity in patients with moderate to very high risk of ASCVD, independent of lipid-lowering effects. Conclusions: Key markers of oxidative stress/inflammation such as CRP, ET-1, total nitrite, and MPO are associated with an increased risk of ASCVD. Moderate- and high-intensity atorvastatin use reduces plasma oxidative stress and inflammation regardless of ASCVD risk and independent of its lipid-lowering effect.
Primary Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: An Analysis of Failure
Authors: Richardson E.C. , Verma S. , Green W.T. , Woon H. , Chignell A.H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To find the cause of failure in primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods Retrospective review of 171 consecutive cases of RRD treated by primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) from a tertiary referral centre to identify the 25 cases in which surgery had failed. Detachments with giant or macula breaks at initial presentation, with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or with PVR greater than grade B were excluded. Results The failure rate after the first operation was 14.6% and the commonest cause of failure was missed retinal breaks, accounting for 64.3% of failures. Conclusion Missed retinal breaks are the commonest cause of failure of primary PPV for RRD although proliferative vitreoretinopathy may contribute to surgical failure. This re-emphasises the importance of assiduous peroperative retinal examination.
Orbital Lipogranuloma after Sinus Surgery
Authors: Rosner M. , Kurtz S. , Shelah M. , Rosen N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the treatment and histopathological findings in two cases who developed eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia due to orbital and lid lipogranuloma after endoscopic surgery of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. Methods To relieve the proptosis and diplopia, debulking surgery was done on the eyelids and orbit. The tissue removed was sent for histopathological examination. Results The two patients improved after surgery. The eyelid swelling, proptosis and diplopia subsided and ocular movements became normal. Histopathologic examination disclosed an extensive lipogranuloma. Conclusions Extensive orbital and eyelid lipogranuloma causing proptosis and diplopia is a rare complication of endoscopic sinus surgery, and can be relieved by surgical debulking.
Cystoid Macular Edema in Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Eid Farah M. , Muccioli C. , Rinkevicius M. , Lima L. Barata , Belfort R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe cystoid macular edema in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy, who had or had not already had cytomegalovirus retinitis. Materials and Methods Case report. Results Five acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, successfully treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy, were studied. Two had inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis and cystoid macular edema in both eyes. Two had inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis in both eyes and cystoid macular edema in one eye. One patient had inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis in one eye and cystoid macular edema in both eyes. Conclusions Cystoid macular edema may occur in AIDS patients treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy even in cases without previous retinitis.
Ocular Findings in Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Çelebí S. , Alagöz G. , Aykan Ü. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We reviewed the rare ocular findings of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and the results of implantation of the Ahmed valve in cases associated with glaucoma. Methods Seven patients (range 18 to 52 years) diagnosed as SWS were reviewed as clinical findings over two years. An anterior chamber maintainer was placed in patients with glaucoma to maintain stable intraocular pressure and minimize the risk of intraocular hemorrhage due to sudden pressure changes during surgery, when an Ahmed valve is implanted. Results Episcleral venous vessels were prominent in all cases. Diffuse choroidal hemangiomas were seen in three cases. Nevus of Ota was observed in only one case. Three cases had juvenile glaucoma. One also had buphthalmos. No intraocular hemorrhage or choroidal effusion was observed intraoperatively in valve-implant patients. The surgical treatment of the patients with glaucoma gave favorable outcomes. Conclusions Rare ocular findings such as choroidal hemangioma and nevus of Ota are sometimes seen in SWS. Drainage valve implantation, with an anterior chamber maintainer, is a good choice for treatment when surgery is done in cases with glaucoma. This method may reduce the risk of intraoperative suprachoroidal effusion and expulsive hemorrhage by stabilizing intraocular pressure within normal limits during the surgery.
Low-Dose Oral Clonidine as Premedication before Intraocular Surgery in Retrobulbar Anesthesia
Authors: Weindler J. , Kiefer R.T. , Rippa A. , Wiech K. , Ruprecht K.W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We investigated whether low-dosed oral clonidine premedication before elective intraocular surgery in retrobulbar anesthesia is effective in terms of anxiolysis, sedation, stable hemodynamics, lower intraocular pressure and perioperative endocrine stress response. Methods In a prospective, randomised, double-blind study, 44 patients scheduled for elective intraocular surgery received either 0.15 mg clonidine (n=22) or a matched placebo (n=22) orally 60 minutes before retrobulbar anesthesia. The main study parameters were sedation, anxiolysis, hemodynamics and intraocular pressure. Additionally, mediators of endocrine stress responses were measured five times, in 13 patients after clonidine and 12 after placebo. Results After clonidine 86% of the patients showed sedation and after placebo 90.9% showed no sedation (p<0.01). Clonidine produced effective anxiolysis (Erlanger-Anxiety-Scale: 31.6 ± 2.6 points vs. 38.1 ± 8.5 points) before the operation (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower after clonidine. Effects on mean and diastolic blood pressure were small but statistically significant. Norepinephrine and cortisole plasma concentrations were significantly lower after clonidine. Intraocular pressure was significantly lower too (p<0.05). No clinically relevant adverse effects were observed e.g. inappropriate sedation, hypotension (<100 mmHg), bradycardia (<50 bpm) or hypoxemia (SpO2<90%). Conclusions Oral low-dose clonidine produces light sedation, significant anxiolysis and stable hemodynamics, and attenuates the endocrine response to perioperative stress. Thus, clonidine seems sufficient to increase patient comfort for intraocular surgery and might even offer clinically worthwhile benefits such as stable hemodynamics and a reduced response to perioperative stress.
Treatment of Trichiasis with Argon Laser
Authors: Başar E. , Özdemir H. , Özkan Ş. , Cicik E. , Mirzataş Ç. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose In this prospective study, argon laser photocoagulation was used to eliminate misdirected cilia. The cases were followed up to see the results and recurrences with this treatment. Methods 60 eyelids of 45 patients with trichiasis were treated with the argon laser. After topical anesthesia a blue-green argon laser was used with 1 watt power, for 0.20 seconds, with 100 micrometer beam diameter. The beam was directed coaxially to the lash follicle to create a 2–3 mm crater and vaporization was observed. After crater formation, the laser parameters were changed to 1.2 watt power, for 0.20 seconds, with 200 micrometer beam diameter, to destroy residual follicular tissue. Up to five lashes were treated in one session. At the end of each session an antibiotic ointment was used t.i.d. for a week. Results Patients have been followed for 4–12 months (mean 6 months). Recurrences have been seen in 15 of 60 eyelids (25%). Laser treatment has been used with the same protocol for the cases with recurrence and results have been successful in eight of them. Post-operatively severe pain, hemorrhage, scar formation, neovascularization of lid margin, or infection were not seen in any patient. In three cases mild hypopigmentation and in three other cases mild lid notching were observed. Conclusions Argon laser lash ablation can be done as an effective office procedure with topical anesthesia. The advantages include low recurrence and complication rates in carefully selected patients and minimal postoperative discomfort.
Preoperative Gentamicin Eye Drops and Chlorhexidine Solution in Cataract Surgery. Experimental and Clinical Results
Authors: Montan P.G. , Setterquist H. , Marcusson E. , Rylander M. , Ransjö U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose 1) To evaluate the effects on the conjunctival flora of gentamicin ophthalmic eye drops 0.3%, given four times in 45 minutes, and a conjunctival rinse with 10 ml chlorhexidine 0.05% solution. 2) To investigate retrospectively the rate of endophthalmitis after cataract operations when these antimicrobials were applied preoperatively. Methods Seventy-six patients undergoing standard phacoemulsification operations were enrolled in the experimental part of the study. Cultures were taken preoperatively, 5 minutes after prophylaxis with either chlorhexidine or gentamicin. To assess the combined effects of chlorhexidine and gentamicin, cultures were taken after the cataract operation. Hospital charts were reviewed for cases of endophthalmitis in 1994 and 1995, when this prophylactic protocol was used at the St Erik's cataract surgery department. Results The conjunctival microflora was significantly suppressed by chlorhexidine rinsing alone (p = 0.001), while no other significant anti-bacterial effects were observed with the experimental prophylaxis. The endophthalmitis rate was 32/12. 806 operations (0.25%). Conclusions Topical rinsing with chlorhexidine solution suppresses conjunctival flora in the short term. Combined topical chlorhexidine and gentamicin prophylaxis does not eliminate postoperative endophthalmitis caused by gram-positive bacteria.
The Eye in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Castagna I. , Roszkowska A.M. , Famà F. , Sinicropi S. , Ferreri G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate modifications of ocular surface and lens transparency in patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to the stage of digestive insufficiency. Methods Forty consecutive patients with cystic fibrosis and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were examined. The tear tests (Schirmer's basic test, tear film break-up time) and conjunctival exfoliative cytology (CC) were used to study the ocular surface. The lens transparency was measured with the Opacity Lens Meter 701 (OLM 701, Interzeag AG, Switzerland). Digestive insufficiency was evaluated by the steatocrit method. Results Significant changes in conjunctival cytology and lens opacity, and abnormal tear tests were detected in CF patients; the alterations were more pronunced in patients with severe digestive insufficiency. Conclusions Cystic fibrosis patients present ocular surface abnormalities and lens transparency modifications and their severity is related to the digestive insufficiency. Simple, rapid and non-invasive tear tests and cytological procedures might be used as additional tests for assessing the severity of cystic fibrosis.
Ocular Ferning during the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women
Authors: Tatlipinar S. , Gedik Ş. , Írkeç M. , Orhan M. , Erdener U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of the study is to investigate whether tear ferning patterns change during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods The tear ferning test was performed on twelve normal women of childbearing age at three day intervals throughout one complete menstrual cycle. Serum hormone levels (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone) were measured. Results Eight women showed type I ferning, and the other four had type II ferning initially. These patterns did not change during the menstrual cycle. Serum hormone levels were all in the normal range. Since no change in ferning pattern was detected during the menstrual cycle, the ferning test can be done at any time in women. Conclusions This study showed no effect of different menstrual cycle phases on tear ferning patterns.
The Effects of Beta-Blockers on Ocular Blood Flow in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Color Doppler Imaging Study
Authors: Altan-Yaycioglu R. , Türker G. , Akdöl S. , Acunaş G. , Izgi B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effects of four commonly used beta-blockers on ocular blood flow in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Eighty eyes of 40 subjects with POAG were included in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups given timolol maleate 0.50%, betaxolol HCl 0.50%, carteolol 1% or levobunolol 0.50% drops, applied twice daily (one drug to each group). Before beginning the treatment and at the end of the first month ocular blood flow velocity was measured using the color Doppler imaging (CDI) method. In the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and temporal posterior ciliary artery (TPCA) the peak systolic (PS) and end-diastolic (ED) blood flow velocities were measured and resistive index (RI) values were calculated. The results within each group were analysed using the matched paired student's t-test. The data between groups was compared with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results The timolol group showed a significant increase in RI values of TPCA. In the betaxolol group RI decreased significantly in CRA and TPCA, whereas in the carteolol group there was a significant decrease only in CRA. In the levobunolol group there was no change in any artery. Conclusions Betaxolol seemed to have a greater vasodilator effect than carteolol, and levobunolol had no effect on the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Timolol may have some vasoconstrictive effect in the ciliary vasculature.
Increase of Free Oxygen Radicals in Aqueous Humour Induced by Selective Nd:YAG Laser Trabeculoplasty in the Rabbit
Authors: Guzey M. , Vural H. , Satici A. , Karadede S. , Dogan Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the impact of selective Nd:YAG laser trabeculoplasty on free oxygen radicals and antioxidant enzymes of the aqueous humour in the rabbit. Methods One eye of 18 rabbits was subjected to 360° selective laser trabeculoplasty (LT) with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). The anterior chamber aqueous humour was aspirated 3, 12 hours and 1, 3, 7, 10 days after treatment. Lipid peroxide (LPO) and glutathione S transferase (GST) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of aqueous humour were measured. Results Concentrations of LPO in the aqueous humour of the treated eyes were significantly higher than the untreated eyes until the 7th day. Aqueous SOD activity significantly decreased 3 hours after LT and remained low until day 7. Aqueous GST levels were significantly decreased between 12 hours and 7 days after the LT. Conclusions Selective LT was followed by an immediate increase in the aqueous humour LPO concentration and decreases of SOD and GST in the rabbit, probably due to photo-vaporization and photodisruption caused by the frequency- doubled Nd:YAG laser. The increased aqueous LPO levels suggest that free oxygen radicals are formed in the pigmented trabecular meshwork during LT, and may be responsible for the inflammatory complications of this procedure.
Uveitis in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Mwanza J-C.K. , Kayembe D.L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and to find out the possible causes (associated conditions) of uveitis in HIV-infected patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 581 patients with uveitis diagnosed over an 11-year period. All patients received a routine eye examination and most of them a general examination as well as complementary tests. Results The prevalence of HIV infection was 14.3% (89 patients). Anterior uveitis (62%) was the most frequent form, followed by posterior uveitis (22%), panuveitis (12%) and intermediate uveitis (4%). Associated conditions or causes were found in 88% of these 89 patients, the most frequent being Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (43%), tuberculosis (16%), CMV infection (12%) and toxoplasmosis (10%). Conclusions In HIV-infected patients uveitis is frequently associated with opportunistic infections.
Fibrinolytic Response to Retinal Detachment Surgery under General or Local Anesthesia
Authors: Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska G. , Kotschy M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate perioperative changes in fibrinolysis in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery under general or local anesthesia. Patients Prospective study of 81 patients (43 male, 38 female), aged from 15 to 82 (mean 50.7 SD = 17.8) years, undergoing retinal detachment surgery (encirclement with scleral buckling) under general anesthesia (group A), and 14 patients (6 male, 8 female) aged from 15 to 78 (mean 52.9, SD =19.8) years, operated under local anesthesia (group B). Excluded were patients with venous or arterial disease or other factors that could change the parameters investigated. Methods Blood was sampled from a cubital vein one day before surgery, immediately after induction of anesthesia but before surgery, immediately after completion of the operation but before the termination of anesthesia and after the operation (on days 1 and 4). In patients' citrated plasma, tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA-Ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen (PAI-1 Ag) and activity (PAI-1), fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) were measured. Results The pattern of changes in perioperative fibrinolytic activity was similar in both groups. Intraoperative levels of FDP were significantly higher and ELT shorter than preoperatively. In both groups t-PA Ag concentration was significantly increased on the first postoperative day. There were no changes in PAI-1 in both groups. Postoperatively, the FDP concentration was reduced and ELT prolonged. Conclusions Retinal detachment surgery induces intraoperative activation of fibrinolysis in the systemic circulation regardless of the type of anesthesia.
Bilateral Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy in Takayasu's Disease without Cervical Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Kapran Z. , Atmaca L.S. , Albayrak Z. , Uyar M. , Eltutar K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Although significant decrease in retinal perfusion is usually not observed before all of the cervical arteries became markedly narrowed in patients with Takayasu's disease (TD), we present bilateral glaucomatous optic neuropathy in a patient with TD without any cervical arterial stenosis. Methods Ophthalmoscopic examination disclosed glaucomatous optic neuropathy in both eyes with 7/10-cup/disc ratio in the right eye and 9/10 in the left eye. Left subclavian selective arteriographic examination demonstrated segmental high-grade stenosis, namely 90 percent stenosis in the mid portion of the left subclavian artery. Arteriography, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and color Doppler sonography revealed patent cervical, carotid interna, ophthalmic, retinal and posterior ciliary arteries. Results Patient was followed up for 48 months with frequent intervals and there was no deterioration of visual acuity, visual field and optic neuropathy without any antiglaucomatous treatment. Conclusions Although it is a known fact that classical ophthalmic manifestations of the TD occur only when major cervical arteries are occluded, no occlusion was observed in this patient with bilateral optic atrophy. The optic nerve damage is caused by various factors, but these factors require much elucidation before the optic neuropathy can be understood.
Comparison of Lodoxamide 0.1% Ophthalmic Solution and Levocabastine 0.05% Ophthalmic Suspension in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Verin Ph. , Allewaert R. , Joyaux J.C. , Piozzi E. , Koliopoulos J. , Bloch-Michel E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution with levocabastine 0.05% ophthalmic suspension, each given four times daily (QID) for three months to patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Methods The study was conducted multinationally according to a triple-masked parallel design in 95 VKC patients, with assessments at baseline then monthly during the three months of treatment. The primary efficacy variables were a Physician's Clinical Judgement Scale and a Patient's Overall Judgement Scale of improvements from baseline. Signs and symptoms of VKC were also assessed. Results Both primary efficacy variables showed significantly greater overall improvement of VKC from baseline with lodoxamide than levocabastine. The superiority of lodoxamide was demonstrated by the Physician's Clinical Judgement Scale at months 2 and 3, with a trend at month 1, and by the Patient's Overall Judgement Scale at months 1, 2 and 3. All signs and symptoms of VKC improved significantly from baseline at all time points, regardless of treatment (p<0.001). However, relative to levocabastine, conjunctival discharge, photophobia and lacrimation were significantly reduced by lodoxamide at months 1, 2 and 3, itching at months 2 and 3, and bulbar conjunctiva at month 3. The temporal improvement of superior tarsal papillae did not differ significantly between treatments. Both were well tolerated. Conclusions Lodoxamide 0.1% and levocabastine 0.05% eye drops, instilled four times daily for three months, were effective, safe and well tolerated by patients with VKC, but lodoxamide was significantly superior to levocabastine.