bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of impulse oscillometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Gao Lijuan , Wang Hao , Wu Yanqiu , Wang Tao , Xiong Shuguang , Qiu Rong , Zhou Hui , Liu Lin , Jia Huizhuo , Qin Jiangyue , Xu Dan , Shen Yongchun , Chen Lei , Wen Fu-Qiang 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesDiagnosis and assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rely extensively on spirometry, which necessitates patient cooperation. The clinical value of impulse oscillometry (IOS) as a non-volitional method in patients with COPD remains uncertain.DesignThis retrospective observational study was conducted using patient data from between January 2014 and December 2015.SettingFive public hospitals in China: West China Hospital, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Suining Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Chengdu University and 363 Hospital.ParticipantsThe study included 6307 participants aged>40 years, comprising 2109 COPD patients and 4198 general non-COPD individuals, according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometry standard. Participants with lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia or those who underwent lung resection were excluded from the study.Outcome measures and analysisDemographic data, spirometry results and IOS results were collected. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between the IOS and spirometry parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the IOS performance in COPD diagnosis and severity staging.ResultsPatients with COPD exhibited significant increases in Z5, R5, R20, R5−R20, Fres and Rp, but a decrease in X5 compared with non-COPD subjects (p<0.0001). IOS parameters, including Z5, R5−R20, Fres, Rp and X5, varied with the GOLD stages, with mild-to-moderate correlations with MMEF25%–75%, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity and FEV1%, respectively. However, the combination of these five IOS parameters did not exhibit ideal performance in diagnosing COPD (area under the curve (AUC) 0.78; sensitivity 63.68%; specificity 80.09%), differentiating GOLD stage 1 patients from the general non-COPD population (AUC 0.71; sensitivity 54.71%; specificity 77.49%) or identifying GOLD stages 3 and 4 patients among those with COPD (AUC 0.75; sensitivity 69.51%; specificity 70.32%).ConclusionIOS parameters, while showing good correlation with spirometry in patients with COPD, did not perfectly substitute for spirometry in diagnosing COPD, especially in the early and advanced stages of the disease.
Modifications to the National Early Warning Score: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Riccalton Victoria , Plummer Chris , Threlfall Lynsey , Cong Cen , Ananthakrishnan Ananya , Meinert Edward 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe National Early Warning Score (NEWS/2) system was developed to enable the detection and early intervention of patients at risk of clinical deterioration. It has demonstrated good accuracy in identifying imminent critical outcomes but has limitations in its applicability to various patient types and its ability to predict upcoming deterioration beyond 24 hours. Various studies have attempted to improve its predictive accuracy and clinical utility by modifying or adding variables to the standard NEWS/2 system. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify modifications to the NEWS and NEWS2 systems (eg, the inclusion of additional patient demographic, physiological or other characteristics) and how those modifications influence predictive accuracy to provide an evidence base for subsequent improvement of the system.Methods and analysisThe review will be structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study frameworks. Six databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) will be searched in April 2024 for articles published in English. Article screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers, with any conflicts resolved by discussion. The analysis will be descriptive to provide a summary of modifications identified and their influence on the predictive accuracy of NEWS/NEWS 2.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as data will be obtained from already published sources. Findings from this study will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on intrahepatic viral burden and liver immune microenvironment in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Pan David Z , Soulette Cameron M , Aggarwal Abhishek , Han Dong , van Buuren Nicholas , Wu Peiwen , Feierbach Becket , Lin Jaw-Town , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Chen Chi-Yi , Downie Bryan , Mo Hongmei , Diehl Lauri , Li Li , Fletcher Simon P , Balsitis Scott , Ramirez Ricardo , Suri Vithika , Hsu Yao-Chun 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe impact of nucleos(t)ide analogues on intrahepatic viral burden and immune microenvironment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is not clear.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterise the effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on intrahepatic viral burden and the liver immune microenvironment in patients with CHB.DesignCore liver biopsies were collected at baseline and year 3 from patients with CHB with minimally raised serum alanine aminotransferase in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial (NCT01522625). Paired biopsies were analysed by RNA-sequencing (n=119 pairs), a custom multiplex immunofluorescence assay (n=30 pairs), and HBV-targeted long-read DNA sequencing (n=49 pairs).ResultsBoth non-integrated and integrated HBV DNA were present in all patients at baseline, with >65% having interchromosomal translocations. Treatment significantly reduced the frequency of HBV core+ hepatocytes and intrahepatic (integrated and non-integrated) HBV DNA, but had no effect on HBsAg+ hepatocytes. Clonally expanded integrations were enriched for HBsAg coding regions and showed dysregulation of nearby genes. At baseline, there was significant enrichment of intrahepatic CD8+ T cell proximity to HBV core+ hepatocytes, but not to HBsAg+ cells. The densities of T cells and B cells were significantly reduced by TDF. Transcriptomic analyses found TDF induced widespread downregulation of immune-related genes including inhibitory and regulatory genes.ConclusionTDF significantly reduced intrahepatic integrated and non-integrated HBV DNA, exerting disparate effects on HBV core+ and HBsAg+ cells and on different immune cell subsets. Our data suggest there may be differential cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing of HBV core+ versus HBsAg+ hepatocytes, providing insights for HBV cure strategies.
Inequalities in adolescent mental health and allocation of students to selective classes in comprehensive schools in Finland: a longitudinal study
Authors: Kesanto-Jokipolvi Heidi , Siipola Mari , Koivuhovi Satu , Pasu Terhi , Seppänen Piia , Rimpelä Arja 
Published: October 2024

Background
Lower socioeconomic positions (SEP) and poor academic achievement increase children’s risk for mental health problems. The Finnish education system is officially non-selective and unified, but a part of children can be selected into emphasised teaching classes by aptitude tests, which are known to segregate students by SEP and academic achievement. We study here if allocation of students to mainstream and selective classes segregates students by mental health, too.

Methods
Students from primary school (6th grade) were followed to lower secondary school (7th grade). The number in selective classes was n=209 and in mainstream classes n=551. Outcomes were depressed mood, anxiety and daily health complaints. Association between class type and the outcomes was analysed by cross-tabulation and logistic regression models. Gender, academic achievement, SEP and previous mental health were independent and confounding/moderating variables.

Results
Students in selective classes had better academic achievement and higher SEP compared with students in mainstream classes. Girls reported poorer mental health than boys. Depressive mood did not vary by class type, but anxiety and daily health complaints were more common among girls in mainstream classes. When academic achievement and background factors were considered, among girls only anxiety was more common in mainstream classes, but among boys, anxiety appeared to be statistically significantly more common in selective classes.

Conclusion
Grouping students by aptitude tests to different classes may select them by mental health, too. Longer follow-up and gender-specific studies would give more reliable answers for education policy makers about student grouping by aptitude test and its effects on segregation.
HDAC inhibitor SAHA enhances antitumor immunity via the HDAC1/JAK1/FGL1 axis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Tingting , Fang Yuan , Gu Yunru , Xu Duo , Hu Tong , Yu Tao , Xu Yang-Yue , Shen Hao-Yang , Ma Pei , Shu Yongqian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundHistone deacetylase (HDAC), a kind of protease that regulates gene expression by modifying protein acetylation levels, is usually aberrantly activated in tumors. The approved pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have exhibited clinical benefits for hematopoietic malignancies. Recently, HDACis have emerged as enhancers of antitumor immunity. However, the effect of HDACs on the tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown.MethodsC57BL/6J and BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous tumors were used for in vivo therapeutic effects and mechanistic investigations. Flow cytometry was used to measure the toxicity and exhaustion of human CD8+T cells after co-culturing with tumor cells and to determine the immunophenotype of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells. A series of experimental techniques, including RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, western blot, ELISA, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry, were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsThe pan-HDACi vorinostat (SAHA) promoted CD8+T cell infiltration and effector function in LUAD through suppressing FGL1, a newly identified major ligand of LAG-3. Mechanistically, SAHA inhibited the activity of HDAC1, an essential deacetylase of JAK1. This increased the acetylation level of JAK1 at lysine 1109, thus promoting its proteasomal degradation and subsequently reducing STAT3-driven FGL1 transcription. The combination regimen of SAHA and anti-LAG-3 therapy was further explored in an immunocompetent LUAD mouse model. Compared with those receiving control or single agent treatments, mice receiving combination therapy exhibited a lower tumor burden and superior CD8+T-cell-killing activity.ConclusionsOur results revealed a novel mechanism by which the HDACi SAHA potentiates CD8+T-cell-mediated antitumor activity through the HDAC1/JAK1/FGL1 axis, providing a rationale for the combined use of HDACis and immunotherapy.
Nomogram for predicting early neurological deterioration in patients with mild large and medium vessel occlusion stroke intended for medical management: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Qiu Kai , Hang Yu , LYV Penghua , Liu Ying , Li Mingchao , Zhao Liandong , Zhai Qijin , Chen Jinan , Jia Zhenyu , Cao Yuezhou , Zhao Lin-Bo , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAccurately forecasting early neurological deterioration of ischemic origin (ENDi) following medical management may aid in identifying candidates for thrombectomy. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict ENDiin patients with mild large and medium vessel occlusion stroke intended for medical management.MethodsTwo hundred and forty-eight patients were enrolled (173 and 75 randomised into training and validation cohorts). The risk factors were identified using logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed based on the risk factors identified. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the nomogram were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.ResultsENDiwas detected in 44 (17.7%) patients. Four predictors were identified in the training cohort and entered into the nomogram including age, symptom fluctuation characteristics, presence of core infarct, and occlusion site. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.930 (95% CI 0.884 to 0.976) and 0.889 (95% CI 0.808 to 0.970) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test yielded a mean absolute error of 0.025 and 0.038, respectively, for the two cohorts. The DCA showed that the nomogram model had superior practicality and accuracy across the majority of the threshold probabilities.ConclusionThe proposed nomogram showed a favourable predictive performance for ENDiin patients with mild large and medium vessel occlusion stroke intended for medical management. For such patients, immediate thrombectomy or at least intensive medical monitoring may be reasonable to avoid delays in rescue thrombectomy.
Effect of thrombolysis type on the efficacy of aspiration versus stent retriever first line thrombectomy: results from the AcT trial
Authors: Bala Fouzi , Diprose William , Menon Bijoy K , Singh Nishita , Khosravani Houman , Tkach Aleksander , Catanese Luciana , Dowlatshahi Dariush , Field Thalia S , Hunter Gary , Sajobi Tolulope , Hill Michael D , Buck Brian H , Swartz Richard H , Almekhlafi Mohammed A 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIntravenous (IV) tenecteplase is increasingly being used in lieu of alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. We sought to study the influence of IV tenecteplase versus IV alteplase on the efficacy of first line thrombectomy strategy.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Alteplase versus Tenecteplase (AcT) trial. We included anterior and posterior circulation stroke patients in whom a thrombectomy was attempted. We compared outcomes for stent retriever as first line strategy versus contact aspiration alone, and interactions with thrombolysis type. We examined angiographic outcomes (extended final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) 2c–3 after first-pass, eTICI 2b–3 and eTICI 2 c–3 on final angiography), and clinical and safety outcomes. Mixed effect regression analyses with interaction terms were performed. All outcomes were assessed and analyzed by blinded adjudicators.ResultsAmong 506 patients who received thrombectomy, 435 were included (222 (51.0%) IV tenecteplase, 213 (49.0%) IV alteplase). A stent retriever was used as the first line endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) approach in 288 (66.2%), and aspiration in 147 (33.8%) patients. There was no difference in rates of final eTICI 2c–3 between groups (57.0% with stent retriever vs 61.9% with aspiration; P=0.35). There was, however, a significant interaction (P=0.02) between thrombolysis type and first line EVT strategy for final eTICI 2c–3, where tenecteplase was associated with higher odds of final eTICI 2c–3 with aspiration (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.29, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.75), but not with stent retriever (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.04). No significant interaction between thrombolysis and first line strategy was found for the other angiographic, clinical or safety outcomes.ConclusionIV tenecteplase before EVT may enhance reperfusion with first line aspiration.Trial registration numberNCT03889249.
Endovascular treatment in pediatric stroke: an individual patient pooled analysis on presentation, management and outcomes
Authors: Zhang Wanqiu , Duan Cuirong , Niu Mingyang , Zhu Bin , Zhong Jinghui , Xu Yingjie , Xiao Lulu , Li Qiankun , Liu Xinfeng , Sun Wen 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to perform a comprehensive pooled analysis of all published series involving pediatric patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) to study the disease landscape including presentation, management, and outcomes.MethodsThe data used in this study were pooled from published literature on EVT for pediatric stroke spanning from 1980 to 2023. The relevant articles were carefully reviewed, and only those reporting at least one case of pediatric LVO undergoing EVT were included. Furthermore, pediatric patients with LVO who received EVT from the Chinese Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry database were also included. The primary outcome for this study was the unfavorable outcome after stroke. The risk factors influencing the outcomes of patients with pediatric stroke treated with EVT were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 221 pediatric patients who underwent EVT were included. During an average follow-up period of 6 months, 20.8% of patients had an unfavorable outcome. Multivariate Cox regression showed that patients with a higher Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (pedNIHSS) score (aHR=7.54, 95% CI 2.38 to 23.58) and unsuccessful reperfusion (aHR=5.84, 95% CI 2.86 to 11.93) were associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes, while older age (aHR=0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.82) was associated with a lower risk of unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionFollowing EVT treatment, a significant proportion of pediatric patients with LVO achieved favorable outcomes. However, factors such as the severity of the pedNIHSS score and unsuccessful reperfusion were found to be associated with a poorer prognosis.
Measurement of cross section of proton-induced reactions on oxygen with silicon dioxide target
Authors: Matulewicz Joanna , Skwira-Chalot Izabela , Kusyk Sebastian , Matulewicz Tomasz , Sȩkowski Przemyslaw , Spyra Adam , Swakoń Jan , Szcześniak Wiktoria , Taranienko Agata , Wróbel Damian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen is one of the most common elements in the human body. Proton beams used in therapy induce nuclear reactions that cause a loss of fluence along the beam path. These reactions often lead to production of $$\beta ^+$$

β
+

emitters with relatively short half-lives (less than 20 min). Cross sections for reactions on oxygen are not sufficiently known, particularly at proton energies above few tens of MeV. This contribution presents the results of an experiment, where silicon dioxide targets were used to study nuclear reactions induced by protons with energy below 60 MeV on oxygen. The proton beam was delivered by the AIC-144 cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków. Cross sections of reactions leading to production of $$ ^{11}$$

11

C, $$ ^{13}$$

13

N and $$ ^{15}$$

15

O were obtained. They agree well with the measurements using Cherenkov radiation in bulk SiO$$_2$$

2

. The recent measurements performed with a PET scanner provided similar results, except in the case of $$ ^{16}$$

16

O(p,x)$$ ^{11}$$

11

C reaction studied in the energy of up to 200 MeV, where our results are 30% lower.
Semi-transparent boundary in Lee–Wick electrodynamics
Authors: Rodrigues E. H. , Barone F. A. , Barone F. E. , Borges L. H. C. , Nogueira A. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate certain aspects of Lee–Wick electrodynamics near a semitransparent planar mirror. Specifically, we derive the modified propagator for the Lee–Wick gauge field in the presence of the mirror and conduct a detailed analysis of the interaction energy and the interaction force that arise between the mirror and a stationary point-like charge. We demonstrate that there are several peculiarities in this interaction compared to the results obtained for Maxwell electrodynamics. Our focus is on the divergences mitigated by the Podolsky mass term.
Fermion bound states from Yukawa coupling with periodic bosonic background
Authors: Bazeia Dionisio , Simas Fabiano C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Yukawa coupling of fermions with a periodic bosonic background is shown to give rise to several bound states to the fermionic spectrum, with some bound states gluing together around specific energy eingenvalues as the Yukawa coupling increases. This effect induces the presence of degenerate energy states inside the fermionic gap and may be of current interest.
Wilson-Fisher fixed points in the presence of Dirac fermions
Authors: Herbut I. F. 
Published: October 2024

Wilson–Fisher expansion near upper critical dimension has proven to be an invaluable conceptual and computational tool in our understanding of the universal critical behavior in the [Formula: see text] field theories that describe low-energy physics of the canonical models, such as Ising, XY, and Heisenberg. Here, I review its application to a class of the Gross–Neveu–Yukawa (GNY) field theories, which emerge as possible universal description of a number of quantum phase transitions in electronic two-dimensional systems such as graphene and d-wave superconductors. GNY field theories may be viewed as minimal modifications of the [Formula: see text] field theories in which the order parameter is coupled to relativistic Dirac fermions through Yukawa term and which still exhibit critical fixed points in the suitably formulated Wilson–Fisher [Formula: see text]-expansion. I discuss the unified GNY field theory for a set of different symmetry-breaking patterns, with focus on the semimetal-Néel-ordered-Mott insulator quantum phase transition in the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, for which a comparison between the state-of-the-art [Formula: see text]-expansion, quantum Monte Carlo, large N, and functional renormalization-group calculations can be made.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE, SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION
Authors: LUC PHAN TAN 
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of four dimensions of emotional competence, including self-awareness, empathy, motivation, self-regulation and social skills on the social entrepreneurial intention of students through social entrepreneurial outcome expectations. Based on a data set of 482 final year students, the results of the study show that self-awareness, self-regulation and self-motivation affect social entrepreneurial intention and outcome expectations. In contrast, empathy and social skills only directly affect social entrepreneurial intention. This study suggests that higher educators and policymakers incorporate emotional competency development into the higher education process. Higher education should be the place to nurture a generation of emotionally competent and socially conscious entrepreneurs by establishing an educational environment that values and develops emotional intelligence and by providing practical, encouraging experiences that align with the tenets of social enterprise.