bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are We Overdoing Pediatric Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy?
Authors: Kawada Patricia S. , O'Loughlin Edward V. , Stormon Michael O. , Dutt Shoma , Lee Cheng H. , Gaskin Kevin J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGIE)/colonoscopy is frequently performed for rectal bleeding, recurrent abdominal pain, and the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although these are common indications, the causes of isolated rectal bleeding and recurrent abdominal pain in the otherwise well child have not been described.Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients who had had an LGIE/colonoscopy from January 2001 to December 2010 was performed. The following data were collected: demographic data, indication, distance reached, macroscopic findings, microscopic findings, diagnosis, additional procedures, and complications.Results:There were a total of 999 colonoscopies. The colonoscopy was normal in 390 of 999 (39%). The commonest indication for colonoscopy was a diagnosis of suspected IBD, 449 of 999 (45%). IBD was confirmed in 282 of 449 (63%), but colonoscopy was normal in 143 of 449 (32%) of suspected IBD. Colonoscopy was performed for rectal bleeding in 197 of 999 (20%) of whom 141 of 197 (72%) were normal. There were 46 (5%) colonoscopies performed for recurrent abdominal pain, which were all normal. Our completion rate to the cecum and beyond was 521 of 999 (52%). Our perforation rate during the 10 years was 0.2%.Conclusions:Colonoscopy is a safe procedure in pediatrics; however, 39% of colonoscopies in this series were normal. Many of these could have been avoided by eliminating colonoscopy in patients with recurrent abdominal pain in the absence of other clinical features, conservative management with laxatives for those with fresh blood per rectum typical of anal fissures, and fecal calprotectin screening before endoscopy in patients with suspected IBD.
Spiritual Meaning in Life and Values in Patients With Severe Mental Disorders
Authors: Huguelet Philippe , Mohr Sylvia Madeleine , Olié Emilie , Vidal Sonia , Hasler Roland , Prada Paco , Bancila Mircea , Courtet Philippe , Guillaume Sébastien , Perroud Nader 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Spirituality and meaning in life are key dimensions of recovery in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to explore spiritual meaning in life in relation to values and mental health among 175 patients with schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and anorexia nervosa. For 26% of the patients, spirituality was essential in providing meaning in life. Depending on the diagnosis, considering spirituality as essential in life was associated with better social functioning; self-esteem; psychological and social quality of life; fewer negative symptoms; higher endorsement of values such as universalism, tradition (humility, devoutness), and benevolence (helpfulness); and a more meaningful perspective in life. These results highlight the importance of spirituality for recovery-oriented care.
Comprehensive Comparison of Virtual Monoenergetic and Linearly Blended Reconstruction Techniques in Third-Generation Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography of the Thorax and Abdomen
Authors: Albrecht Moritz H. , Trommer Jesko , Wichmann Julian L. , Scholtz Jan-Erik , Martin Simon S. , Lehnert Thomas , Vogl Thomas J. , Bodelle Boris 
Published: March 2016

Objectives
The aim of this study was to perform an objective and subjective image analysis of traditional and advanced noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) algorithms and standard linearly blended images in third-generation dual-source dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA) of the thorax and abdomen.

Materials and Methods
Thoracoabdominal DE-CTA examinations of 55 patients (36 male; mean age, 64.2 ± 12.7 years) were included in this retrospective institutional review board–approved study. Dual-energy computed tomography angiography data were reconstructed using standard linearly blended M_0.6 (merging 60% low kiloelectron volt [90 kV] with 40% high kiloelectron volt [150 kV] spectrum), traditional (VMI), and advanced VMI (VMI+) algorithms. Monoenergetic series were calculated ranging from 40 to 120 keV with 10 keV increments. Attenuation and standard deviation of 8 arteries and various anatomical landmarks of the thorax and abdomen were measured to calculate contrast-to-noise ratio values. Two radiologists subjectively assessed image quality, contrast conditions, noise, and visualization of small arterial branches using 5-point Likert scales.

Results
Vascular attenuation of VMI and VMI+ series showed a gradual increase from high to low kiloelectron volt levels without significant differences between both algorithms (P < 0.894). VMI+ 40-keV series showed the highest contrast-to-noise ratio for both thoracic and abdominal DE-CTA (P < 0.001), albeit revealing higher noise than M_0.6 images (objectively and subjectively, P < 0.001) and were rated best for visualization of small arterial branches in the subjective analysis (P < 0.109). Substantially increased noise was found for VMI 40 and 50 keV series compared with all other reconstructions (objectively and subjectively, P < 0.001). VMI+ images at 100 keV+ were rated best regarding image noise (P < 0.843), whereas VMI+ reconstructions at 70 keV were found to have superior subjective image quality (P < 0.031) compared with other series except for 60 and 80 keV VMI+ series (P < 0.587). Contrast conditions at 50 keV VMI+ were rated superior compared with 60 to 100 keV VMI and VMI+ reconstructions (P < 0.012).

Conclusions
General image quality of DE-CTA examinations can be substantially improved using the VMI+ algorithm with observer preference of 70 keV, while 40 to 50 keV series provide superior contrast and improved visualization of small arterial branches compared with traditional VMI and standard linearly blended series.
Accelerating Wright-Fisher Forward Simulations on the Graphics Processing Unit
Authors: Lawrie David S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractForward Wright-Fisher simulations are powerful in their ability to model complex demography and selection scenarios, but suffer from slow execution on the CPU, thus limiting their usefulness. The single-locus Wright-Fisher forward algorithm is, however, exceedingly parallelizable, with many steps which are so-calledembarrassingly parallel, consisting of a vast number of individual computations that are all independent of each other and thus capable of being performed concurrently. The rise of modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and programming languages designed to leverage the inherent parallel nature of these processors have allowed researchers to dramatically speed up many programs that have such high arithmetic intensity and intrinsic concurrency. The presentedGPUOptimized Wright-Fisher simulation, orGO Fishfor short, can be used to simulate arbitrary selection and demographic scenarios while running over 250-fold faster than its serial counterpart on the CPU. Even modest GPU hardware can achieve an impressive speedup of well over two orders of magnitude. With simulations so accelerated, one can not only do quick parametric bootstrapping of previously estimated parameters, but also use simulated results to calculate the likelihoods and summary statistics of demographic and selection models against real polymorphism data - all without restricting the demographic and selection scenarios that can be modeled or requiring approximations to the single-locus forward algorithm for efficiency. Further, as many of the parallel programming techniques used in this simulation can be applied to other computationally intensive algorithms important in population genetics,GO Fishserves as an exciting template for future research into accelerating computation in evolution.GO Fishis part of the Parallel PopGen Package available at:http://dl42.github.io/ParallelPopGen/
Lipid profiles and body mass index of young students in Jordan
Authors: Rasheed Habeeb Alquraishi Balasim , Rababah Eman 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveToanalyze the lipid profile in a population of young university students in relation with their BMI.MethodsThis study assessed 96 students with age between 18 and 31 years old who were classified according to their sex and their body mass index (BMI). The fastingserum submitted to lipid profile analysis, including serum level of total cholesterol (TC), High(HDL-c), triglycerides (TG)were measured by using enzymatic methodandNon HDLD and a fraction of cholesterol of low (LDL-c) which calculated mathematically besides of life habits and atherogenic data.ResultsThe mean BMI (Kg/cm2) in male (27.75±5.76) is higher than the mean BMI in female (23.17±2.78), P value (0.0001). The mean total concentration of cholesterol, LDL-c and Non HDL (mg/dl) in males (165.88±32.20, 85.00±39.94, 105.09±34.22) respectively is less than in females (194.27±52.04, 125.32±50.39, 139.14±51.35) correspondingly. The mean total concentration of HDL-c and TG (61.97±13.29, 94.80±53.65) respectively are higher in male than those in female (54.57±13.14, 71.75±35.51) correspondingly. Lipid indices, total cholesterol/HDL, LDL/HDL and Non HDL/HDL in male (2.91±1.02, 1.50±0.86, 1.87±0.99) respectively are less than those in female (3.73±1.24, 2.47±1.24, 2.75±1.25).ConclusionsThe obesity of young males (25.00%) is more prevalence than the obesity of young females (2.28%). The risk concentration of total cholesterol,LDL-c and Non HDLand the lipid indices (Total cholesterol/HDL,LDL/HDL and Non HDL/HDL) are higher in females than males and this indicate that the young females have more risk to develop cardiac problems in older ages.
Functional metagenomics usingPseudomonas putidaexpands the known diversity of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases and enables the production of novel polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers
Authors: Cheng Jiujun , Charles Trevor C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBacterially produced biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates with versatile properties can be achieved using different PHA synthase enzymes. This work aims to expand the diversity of known PHA synthases via functional metagenomics, and demonstrates the use of these novel enzymes in PHA production. Complementation of a PHA synthesis deficientPseudomonas putidastrain with a soil metagenomic cosmid library retrieved 27 clones expressing either Class I, Class II or unclassified PHA synthases, and many did not have close sequence matches to known PHA synthases. The composition of PHA produced by these clones was dependent on both the supplied growth substrates and the nature of the PHA synthase, with various combinations of SCL-and MCL-PHA. These data demonstrate the ability to isolate diverse genes for PHA synthesis by functional metagenomics, and their use for the production of a variety of PHA polymer and copolymer mixtures.
Comparing the research-practice gap in management accounting
Authors: Tucker Basil P. , Schaltegger Stefan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast perceptions about the research-practice “gap” as it may apply within management accounting, from the perspective of professional accounting bodies in Australia and Germany.Design/methodology/approach– The findings reported in this paper is based on the collection and analysis of data from interviews with 19 senior representatives from four Australian Professional bodies and 14 representatives of German Professional accounting bodies.Findings– In Australia and Germany, there exist common as well as unique barriers preventing a more effective engagement of academic research with practice. Common to both countries is the perception that the communication of research represents a major barrier. In Australia, practitioner access to academic research is seen to be a principal obstacle; in Germany, the relevance of topics researched by academics is perceived to represent a significant barrier to academic research informing practice.Research limitations/implications– This paper directly engages with, and extends recent empirically based research into the extent to which academic research may “speak” to management accounting practice. It extricates both common and specific barriers contributing to the oft-quoted “research-practice gap” in management accounting, and points to the pivotal nature of an intermediary to act as a conduit between academics and practice.Originality/value– By investigating this issue in two quite different cultural, educational, academic and practice contexts, this paper provides much-needed empirical evidence about the nature, extent and pervasiveness of the perceived research-practice gap in management accounting, and provides a basis for further investigation of this important topic.
Exploring urban institutional pressures on logistics service providers
Authors: Rose William J , Mollenkopf Diane A , Autry Chad W. , Bell John E. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– As global populations become increasingly urbanized and urban areas grow in density and complexity, many firms seeking to operate in these areas face significant new challenges. The purpose of this paper is to identify the approaches utilized by urban logistics service providers to overcome the issues resulting from urban density and complexity. The paper also identifies potential directions for future research based on the research findings.Design/methodology/approach– The study followed a grounded theory approach (Corbin and Strauss, 2008) to uncover the approaches utilized by logistics service providers to adapt to urban environments.Findings– The urban environment exerts certain coercive and mimetic pressures on logistics service providers. To overcome these pressures, urban logistics service providers seek to manage space, resources, and legitimacy in the urban environment.Research limitations/implications– This research followed an inductive approach, and therefore, further empirical research is required to ensure statistical generalizability. Additionally, all research participants are currently employed in the USA, and so further research at the international level should be conducted.Practical implications– The framework presented will enable firms seeking to enter the urban market to more quickly adapt to the specific pressures of the urban ecology.Originality/value– While literature from several academic disciplines outline problems and solutions specific to urban areas, little qualitative, inductive research has been conducted in the field of urban logistics. The current research serves as a starting point for further urban logistics research.
Social psychological dynamics of hostage negotiation: forensic psychology, suicide intervention, police intelligence/counterintelligence, and tactical entry
Authors: Knowles Gordon James 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to review several major components of hostage negotiation including: the different types of hostage situations; the prediction of the behavioral patterns of the hostage taker; the collection and the use of police intelligence in hostage incidents; and the application of forensic psychology during the hostage negotiations process.Design/methodology/approach– Emphasis on the social psychological aspects of creating attitude change and gaining compliance with the hostage taker are introduced to assist in developing an effective crisis communication approach during the hostage negotiations process.Findings– The paper also discusses trends in hostage negotiation strategies within incidents of domestic violence, suicide by cop, school shootings, and suicide/homicide bombings.Practical implications– Limitations and advancements in the field of hostage negotiations are also discussed as well as suggestions for the use of tactical entry to resolve unsuccessful hostage negotiations.Social implications– Explores the current trend of “suicide by cop,” but also introduces the concept of homicide by cop in relation to police shootings.Originality/value– The use of criminal psychology in developing hostage negotiation strategies to engage hostage takers with personality disorders, PTSD, paranoid schizophrenia, and suicidal depression is also discussed.
Is ROC analysis a tool that should replace probative analysis in studying lineups?
Authors: Levi Avraham 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explain why ROC analysis is an inappropriate replacement for probative analysis in lineup research.

Design/methodology/approach
– Taking as the medical example comparing two methods to detect the presence of a malignant tumor (Mickes et al., 2012), and operationally defining ROC analysis: radiologists are shown the results from two methods. Their confidence judgments create a graph of correct identifications by mistaken ones. The author can compare the methods on radiologists’ ability to differentiate sick from healthy. Lineup researchers create two distinct lineups. In target-present lineups, witnesses differentiate between the target and the foils, not the target and the innocent suspect. In target-absent lineups, witnesses cannot even differentiate between innocent suspects and foils, having seen none.

Findings
– Eyewitness ROC curves are similar to probative analysis, but provide less useful information.

Research limitations/implications
– Researchers ware warned against using ROC when conducting lineup research.

Originality/value
– Preventing inappropriate use of ROC analysis.
Incredible Years parenting programme: cost-effectiveness and implementation
Authors: Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Jones Carys , Berry Vashti , Charles Joanna , Linck Pat , Bywater Tracey , Hutchings Judy 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– There is growing interest in the economic evaluation of public health prevention initiatives and increasing government awareness of the societal costs of conduct disorder in early childhood. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years (IY) BASIC parenting programme compared with a six-month waiting list control.Design/methodology/approach– Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of a group-parenting programme. The primary outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a measure of child behaviour.Findings– The IY programme was found to have a high probability of being cost-effective, shifting an additional 23 per cent of children from above the clinical concern to below the cut-off on the SDQ compared to the control group, at a cost ranging from £1612-£2418 per child, depending on the number of children in the group.Originality/value– The positive findings of this study have led to ongoing implementation of the IY programme and is therefore an example of commitment to evidence-based service provision and investment in prevention initiatives.
Job enlargement, job crafting and the moderating role of self-competence
Authors: Berdicchia Domenico , Nicolli Francesco , Masino Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between job enlargement and some specific job crafting behaviors and to analyze the moderating role of self-competence.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were gathered from 158 workers in a large retail company and analyzed through a regression methodology.

Findings
– Job enlargement is positively related to specific job crafting behaviors, such as increasing structural and social resources. Self-competence does not moderate the relationship between job enlargement and increasing structural resources; however, it does negatively moderate the relationship between job enlargement and increasing social resources.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a cross-sectional, single source study.

Practical/implications
– Organizations may implement job design policies aimed at facilitating the way workers proactively craft their jobs (increasing social and structural resources) by promoting a collaborative organizational culture and decreasing the social costs of job crafting initiatives.

Originality/value
– This study clarifies the role of contextual and personal antecedents to job crafting. More specifically, it shows that enlarged jobs and employees’ level of self-competence may significantly influence employees’ job crafting in the workplace.
Authenticity at work – a job-demands resources perspective
Authors: Metin U. Baran , Taris Toon W. , Peeters Maria C. W. , van Beek Ilona , Van den Bosch Ralph 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Previous research has demonstrated strong relations between work characteristics (e.g. job demands and job resources) and work outcomes such as work performance and work engagement. So far, little attention has been given to the role of authenticity (i.e. employees’ ability to experience their true selves) in these relations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of state authenticity at work with job demands and resources on the one hand and work engagement, job satisfaction, and subjective performance on the other hand.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 680 Dutch bank employees participated to the study. Structural equation modelling was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model. Bootstrapping (Preacher and Hayes, 2008) was used to examine the meditative effect of state authenticity.

Findings
– Results showed that job resources were positively associated with authenticity and, in turn, that authenticity was positively related to work engagement, job satisfaction, and performance. Moreover, state authenticity partially mediated the relationship between job resources and three occupational outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
– Main limitations to this study were the application of self-report questionnaires, utilization of cross-sectional design, and participation of a homogeneous sample. However, significant relationship between workplace characteristics, occupational outcomes, and state authenticity enhances our current understanding of the JD-R Model.

Practical implications
– Managers might consider enhancing state authenticity of employees by investing in job resources, since high levels of authenticity was found to be strongly linked to positive occupational outcomes.

Originality/value
– This study is among the first to examine the role of authenticity at workplace and highlights the importance of state authenticity for work-related outcomes.