bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Clinical Profile of Community-acquired Pneumonia with Special Reference to C-reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Levels
Authors: Prajwal KC , Krishna MV , Patil Sharanappa 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPneumonia is defined as an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. Despite being the cause of significant complications and deaths, pneumonia is often wrongly diagnosed, mistreated, and underestimated. The incidence rates are highest in old-aged patients. In the current prospective observational study, we intend to study the utility of procalcitonin (PCT) level and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level for diagnosing pneumonia.DesignProspective observational studies.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted in RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, during the period extending from June to May 2014. Eighty patients, aged more than 18 years, with diagnosis of pneumonia were included in the study. Serum PCT levels were calculated using BRAHMS PCT Kryptor immunofluorescent assay (Biomerieux, France). Other routine investigations, including CRP, sputum culture, and endotracheal secretions cultures, were done. Chisquare analysis was done to assess its prognostic and diagnostic significance. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 17.0 for Windows).Results and conclusionC-reactive protein was positive in 60 (75%) of the patients, and PCT was positive in 45 (56.25%) patients; 28 patients had PCT levels 0.5 to 1.5 ng/mL, 1 (3.6%) had CRP <6 mg/mL, 27 (96.4%) had CRP >6 mg/mL; 17 patients had PCT values >1.5 ng/mL and CRP was positive in all patients (p < 0.001).Streptococcus pneumoniawas the most common and isolated in 8 (10%) patients. C-reactive protein is a useful and better adjuvant in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Positive PCT levels indicate a bacterial etiology for pneumonia. A high PCT level is a poor prognostic indicator and is associated with a higher mortality.How to cite this articlePrajwal KC, Krishna MV, Patil S. Study of Clinical Profile of Community-acquired Pneumonia with Special Reference to C-reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Levels. J Med Sci 2016;2(2):27-30.
Health-related Quality of Life among Diabetics visiting RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: Komal Samantha S , Srividya V 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is independently associated with lower levels of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect in diabetes because poor QoL leads to diminished self-care, which in turn leads to worsened glycemic control, increased risks for complications, and exacerbation of diabetes overwhelming in both the short run and the long run.ObjectiveTo assess the HRQoL among diabetics aged 18 years and above visiting the Medicine Outpatient Department at RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru.Materials and methodsWe conducted a hospital-based study using a generic instrument, Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life 18 (ADDQoL 18) to measure the QoL of diabetic subjects aged ≥18 years. One hundred and forty diabetics, including 68 males and 72 females, were selected from the Medicine Outpatient Department at RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows, version 22.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 55.7 ±12.5 years. Majority of them (75.7%) were Hindu by religion and most of the study participants (60%) had received formal education. Majority (48.6%) belonged to grade 3 socioeconomic status. Diabetic patients who were employed constituted 52.9%. On the type of diabetes, 91.4% of the participants had type 2 diabetes, while 8.6% had type 1 diabetes. The mean duration of diabetes since diagnosis was 8.2 ±6.5 years.With regard to presence or absence of complications, 38.6% of the participants suffered from complications of diabetes, while 61.4% did not. With regard to treatment, 59.3% of them were consuming only oral hypoglycemic, whereas 40.7% were on insulin. It was observed that diabetes had a negative impact on the present QoL with a mean negative impact of –0.45 and a mean negative average weighted impact of –5.16 on the individual life domains. The negative impact of diabetes on the QoL was greater among those receiving insulin ±oral hypoglycemic agents and among those who had complications. The domains “freedom to eat,” “freedom to drink,” “enjoyment of food,” and “working life” had the greatest negative impact in all patient subgroups. It was observed that male diabetics had a poorer QoL as compared with female diabetics, but this was found to be not statistically significant.ConclusionDiabetes had an adverse effect on the QoL of these study subjects.How to cite this articleKomal SS, Srividya V. Health-related Quality of Life among Diabetics visiting RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru. J Med Sci 2016;2(2):31-35.
Optimal numerical solvers for transient simulations of ice flow using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM versions 4.2.5 and 4.11)
Authors: Habbal Feras , Larour Eric , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Helene , Borstad Christopher P. , Rignot Eric 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Identifying fast and robust numerical solvers is a critical issue that needs to be addressed in order to improve projections of polar ice sheets evolving in a changing climate. This work evaluates the impact of using advanced numerical solvers for transient ice-flow simulations conducted with the JPL–UCI Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM). We identify optimal numerical solvers by testing a broad suite of readily available solvers, ranging from direct sparse solvers to preconditioned iterative methods, on the commonly used Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for Higher-Order ice sheet Models benchmark tests. Three types of analyses are considered: mass transport, horizontal stress balance, and incompressibility. The results of the fastest solvers for each analysis type are ranked based on their scalability across mesh size and basal boundary conditions. We find that the fastest iterative solvers are  ∼ 1.5–100 times faster than the default direct solver used in ISSM, with speed-ups improving rapidly with increased mesh resolution. We provide a set of recommendations for users in search of efficient solvers to use for transient ice-flow simulations, enabling higher-resolution meshes and faster turnaround time. The end result will be improved transient simulations for short-term, highly resolved forward projections (10–100 year time scale) and also improved long-term paleo-reconstructions using higher-order representations of stresses in the ice. This analysis will also enable a new generation of comprehensive uncertainty quantification assessments of forward sea-level rise projections, which rely heavily on ensemble or sampling approaches that are inherently expensive.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young Jenny 
Published: January 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2014, to May 1, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Aristotulus Ernst TungkaBhagawanCesar PovedaChee-Ming ChanDaniel BadulescuGoutam BanerjeeHayssam Mohamed AliHengky HalimJia LiuJoão Fernando Pereira GomesKhandakar Niaz MorshedPankaj MaheshwariRui ShenSaid JaouadiTateda Masafumi
John Wesley and History
Authors: Black Jeremy 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This article considers John Wesley as a historian through his Concise History of England. Wesley's History, which has been neglected by scholars, offers a religious account of history. It adopts a biographical approach while making moral assessments. Wesley focused on monarchy and their personalities while bringing vice and virtue to the forefront. His History has resonances with Bolingbroke's Toryism. Wesley explores the ‘genius of the nation’ as a factor in conflict and colonial expansion. His interest in overseas military conflicts can be seen as one of the ways in which Tory interest and ideas were maintained.
Instrumento de valoración familiar por el modelo de dominios de la taxonomía II de NANDA
Authors: Camargo Hernández Katherine Del Consuelo , Pabón Varela Yadira 
Published: January 2017

Introducción: Una familia es saludable cuando se logra un equilibrio entre el control, crecimiento, la estabilidad y la espiritualidad de cada uno de sus integrantes con el entorno que los rodea (2). <br /><br />Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento validado que permita la valoración familiar por el Modelo de Dominios de la Taxonomía II de NANDA. <br /><br />Metodología: Diseño cuantitativo, de tipo tecnológica psicométrica con análisis de datos descriptivos. La muestra para la validación del instrumento fue de 8 profesionales en enfermería; además, se realizó una prueba piloto en donde participaron 40 familias pertenecientes a las ciudades de Bucaramanga y Santa Marta, Colombia, 20 para cada ciudad. Para la validación de contenido, se tuvo en cuenta el Modelo de Lawshe Modificado. <br /><br />Resultados: Existió un consenso general entre los jueces evaluadores en la validación de contenido del Instrumento, el Coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.847, la correlación no paramétrica Rho de Spearman, arrojó una buena correlación entre los ítems contemplados en el instrumento, con un valor de r mayor de 0.5 y un nivel de significancia &lt; de 0.05, con un valor de p de cero. <br /><br />Conclusiones: Se encontró consenso entre los jueces evaluadores, una fiabilidad por medio del Alpha de Cronbach superior a 0.7 y correlaciones no paramétrica Rho de Spearman significativas entre algunos ítems del instrumento.<br /><br /><strong></strong>
Programas educativos en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Revisión integradora
Authors: Folch Ana , Orts-Cortés María Isabel , Hernández-Carcereny Carmen , Seijas-Babot Nuria , Macia-Soler Loreto 
Published: January 2017

Según la OMS, el objetivo de la educación terapéutica (ET) es ayudar al paciente a adquirir los recursos necesarios para gestionar óptimamente su vida con una enfermedad crónica. La ET forma parte del tratamiento en la prevención secundaria y terciaria. La última revisión de la Cochrane ha demostrado resultados positivos, sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones, tipo de intervenciones y medidas de resultado hace que sea difícil establecer recomendaciones claras en este ámbito. Así como se desconoce qué instrumentos son los recomendables para evaluar el cumplimiento terapéutico en la EPOC. Por tanto es necesario realizar de una revisión con el objetivo de conocer las características de los ensayos clínicos, el perfil del paciente EPOC, los contenidos de la ET y las variables estudiadas en los mismos. Identificándose 22 ensayos clínicos con una alta calidad metodológica, escala Jadad &gt;3 que mostraron que en los ensayos clínicos de programas de ET las variables más estudiadas son la calidad de vida, ingresos hospitalarios y las variables de función pulmonar, donde la ET disminuye los ingresos hospitalarios, favorece la deshabituación tabáquica, mejora los conocimientos de la EPOC cuyas intervenciones son sesiones grupales, con diferentes materiales educativos, existiendo un auge en el número de publicaciones en este ámbito. Existe una gran variedad en los instrumentos de evaluación y heterogeneidad de las intervenciones, para establecer conclusiones.
Stratégies parentales déployées pour soutenir l’expérience socioscolaire d’élèves récemment immigrés : un fort investissement « en marge » de l’école
Authors: Charette Josée 
Published: January 2017

Pour la majorité des parents qui immigrent avec leurs enfants, la réussite scolaire de ces derniers dans la société d’accueil représente un enjeu capital du projet d’immigration. Au Québec, dans une perspective de réussite éducative et scolaire, le rôle de parent d’élève se structure grandement autour de la participation parentale dans le parcours scolaire des enfants. Désirant soutenir leurs enfants, mais ne détenant pas toutes les informations sur le milieu scolaire de la société d’accueil, plusieurs parents d’élèves récemment immigrés déploient des stratégies de soutien parental qui diffèrent des modalités attendues par l’école. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière certaines stratégies déployées par des parents récemment immigrés pour soutenir l’expérience socioscolaire de leurs enfants à l’école de la société d’accueil, selon des modalités qui ne sont pas toujours visibles par l’école. Dans le cadre d’une démarche qualitative exploratoire, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été faites auprès de vingt-cinq familles récemment immigrées au Québec. Nos résultats soulignent un décalage intéressant entre la mobilisation et la proactivité accrues de nombreux parents et l’invisibilité de ces dernières pour le milieu scolaire, surtout lorsque le rôle de parent d’élève s’exerce dans l’intimité du milieu familial ou dans divers contextes communautaires. De plus, l’actualisation du rôle de parent d’élève « à l’école » est, entre autres, tributaire des possibilités que le personnel scolaire offre aux parents de déroger aux modalités habituellement attendues par l’école.
Preliminary reliability test of lateral-current-injection GaInAsP/InP membrane distributed feedback laser on Si substrate fabricated by adhesive wafer bonding
Authors: Fukuda Kai , Inoue Daisuke , Hiratani Takuo , Amemiya Tomohiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiko , Arai Shigehisa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A preliminary reliability test was performed for lateral-current-injection GaInAsP/InP membrane Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers fabricated by multi-regrowth and adhesive wafer bonding. The measurement was conducted for lasers with two different types of p-side electrode: Ti/Au and Au/Zn/Au. The device with the Au/Zn/Au electrode, which had better current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, showed no degradation of differential quantum efficiency and threshold current after continuous aging for 310 h at a bias current density of 5 kA/cm2. This result indicates that the multi-regrowth and bonding process for the GaInAsP/InP membrane DFB laser will not impact the initial reliability.
Aggregations and parental care in the Early Triassic basal cynodontsGalesaurus planicepsandThrinaxodon liorhinus
Authors: Jasinoski Sandra C. , Abdala Fernando 
Published: January 2017

Non-mammaliaform cynodonts gave rise to mammals but the reproductive biology of this extinct group is still poorly known. Two exceptional fossils ofGalesaurus planicepsandThrinaxodon liorhinus, consisting of juveniles closely associated with an adult, were briefly described more than 50 years ago as examples of parental care in non-mammaliaform cynodonts. However, these two Early Triassic fossils have largely been excluded from recent discussions of parental care in the fossil record. Here we re-analyse these fossils in the context of an extensive survey of other aggregations found in these two basal cynodont taxa. Our analysis revealed six other unequivocal cases of aggregations inThrinaxodon, with examples of same-age aggregations among immature or adult individuals as well as mixed-age aggregations between subadult and adult individuals. In contrast, only one additional aggregation ofGalesauruswas identified. Taking this comprehensive survey into account, the two previously described cases of parental care inGalesaurusandThrinaxodonare substantiated. The juveniles are the smallest specimens known for each taxon, and the size difference between the adult and the two associated juveniles is the largest found for any of the aggregations. The juveniles ofThrinaxodonare approximately only 37% of the associated adult size; whereas inGalesaurus, the young are at least 60% of the associated adult size. In each case, the two juvenile individuals are similar in size, suggesting they were from the same clutch. Even though parental care was present in bothGalesaurusandThrinaxodon, intraspecific aggregations were much more common inThrinaxodon, suggesting it regularly lived in aggregations consisting of both similar and different aged individuals.
Is an isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus an indication for fetal echocardiography?
Authors: Barsoom M J , Feldman D M , Borgida A F , Esters D , Diana D , Egan J F 
Published: January 2017

To determine whether the presence of an isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus should be an indication for fetal echocardiography.We reviewed our fetal echocardiography and obstetrics databases from January 1992 through July 1999. The study groups were formulated from patients referred for fetal echocardiography. Patients referred for echocardiography because of a single isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus were compared with patients referred for other indications. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for an isolated echogenic focus as a marker for structural cardiac abnormalities as detected by fetal echocardiography.Of 10,406 fetuses seen for ultrasonography, 1908 had fetal echocardiography. Cardiac abnormalities were identified in 3.4% (65 of 1908) of the fetuses that had echocardiography. The prevalence of an isolated echogenic focus was 2.2% (230 of 10,406) and was the indication in 12.1% (230 of 1908) of our echocardiograms. Only 1 of the 230 fetuses with an isolated echogenic focus had a structural cardiac defect (membranous ventricular septal defect). An isolated echogenic focus as a marker for congenital cardiac defects resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 1.5% and 87.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 0.4% and 96.2%, respectively The relative risk for an echogenic focus in predicting congenital cardiac defects was 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.02‐0.82). CONDUSIONS: An isolated fetal cardiac echogenic focus is not an efficacious marker for congenital cardiac defects. It should not be the sole indication for fetal echocardiography.
Can the dimensions of artificial tendon lesions be predicted ultrasonographically? A cadaveric study.
Authors: Kovacs P , Behensky H , Lottersberger C , Bodner G , Brenner E , Moriggl B 
Published: January 2017

To prove the reliable assessment of artificial partial tendon lesions in cadavers.The tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle was cut twice (transversely, not standardized depths) along its dorsal surface. The dimensions were measured by using a 10‐MHz linear probe and a gliding caliper. The lesions were classified as type A tears (<60%; n = 15) and type B tears (>60%; n = 28).The depths of type A tears had high correlation (r = 0.827), and those of type B tears had low correlation (r = 0.415). This low correlation was due to subtotal lesions (50%‐70%; r = 0.699). High‐resolution ultrasonography allowed the correct detection of 14 type A tears and 21 type B tears (kappa = 0.63; accuracy, 81%; type B tears: sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 93%).High‐resolution ultrasonography is able to assess the dimensions of artificial partial tendon lesions in cadavers and would be an accurate tool for determining the lesion percentages in patients with partial tendon tears.
Color/power Doppler sonographic differential diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: metastasis, malignant lymphoma, and benign process.
Authors: Shirakawa T , Miyamoto Y , Yamagishi J , Fukuda K , Tada S 
Published: January 2017

Differentiation of lymph nodes as metastasis, malignant lymphoma, and benign lesions by gray scale and color/power Doppler ultrasonography has been reported. In this study we sought to determine patterns of abnormal vascularity, the relationship between diagnostic criteria and node size, and which vessel in the node was best suited for Doppler spectral analysis. Extrahilar vessels, defined as vessels entering through the lymphatic surface and not through the hilus, were also investigated.One hundred twenty‐nine nodes were examined by color/power Doppler ultrasonography.Extrahilar vessels were seen in 85.4% of metastatic, 40.5% of lymphomatous, and 7.7% of benign nodes regardless of node size. The mean pulsatility index and resistive index values of metastatic nodes were higher than those of benign nodes regardless of their size. Those of lymphoma were intermediate compared with the others.A pulsatility index greater then 1.3 and a resistive index greater than 0.72 suggested malignancy as measured from any vessel.
Frequency of a monochorionic pair in multiple gestations: relationship to mode of conception.
Authors: Chow J S , Benson C B , Racowsky C , Doubilet P M , Ginsburg E 
Published: January 2017

To determine whether the mode of conception affects the frequency of monochorionicity in multiple gestations.Our study population consisted of all women with multiple gestations who had a first‐trimester sonogram at our institution between May 1998 and April 2000. The frequency of monochorionicity in pregnancies conceived naturally was compared with the frequency in pregnancies achieved via any form of assisted reproductive technology and among the different types of assisted reproductive technology.Our study consisted of 464 multiple gestations comprising 332 twin, 113 triplet, 16 quadruplet, and 3 quintuplet pregnancies. The higher the fetal number, the more likely the pregnancy resulted from assisted reproductive technology (72.6% of twins, 84.1% of triplets, 92.8% of quadruplets, and 100% of quintuplets; P < .05, Fisher exact test). Monochorionic pairs were found more commonly in naturally conceived pregnancies than in those resulting from assisted reproductive technology (28.2% versus 5.4%; P < .000001, chi2 test). The frequency of monochorionic pairs after in vitro fertilization with blastocyst transfer on day 5 (10.5%) was double the frequency from in vitro fertilization with cleavage stage transfer on day 3 (4.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .24, Fisher exact test).Monochorionic pairs are relatively common in naturally conceived twins and in higher‐order multiple gestations with more than 3 fetuses arising from assisted reproductive technology, but they are uncommon in twins and triplets arising from assisted reproductive technology There is a trend toward a higher frequency of monochorionic pairs after day 5 blastocyst transfer than day 3 transfer, but a larger study population is needed to confirm this finding.
Color Doppler and duplex sonography in 5 patients with thoracic outlet syndrome.
Authors: Wadhwani R , Chaubal N , Sukthankar R , Shroff M , Agarwala S 
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the use of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.We studied color Doppler sonographic findings in 5 clinically suspected cases of thoracic outlet syndrome. The subclavian artery and vein were studied in varying degrees of abduction to assess the severity of the syndrome.Significant changes, i.e., stages of increased velocities, preocclusion, and occlusion in the subclavian artery in varying degrees of abduction, were noted in 4 of 5 cases. Blunted flow in the axillary artery (4 patients) and a rebound increase in velocities on release of abduction were noted in 3 patients. These changes suggested that significant narrowing was causing symptoms.Color Doppler sonography is a noninvasive, effective method compared with digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.