bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Retention in Wild Populations of Bluehead and Flannelmouth Suckers
Authors: Hooley-Underwood Zachary E. , Stevens Summer B. , Thompson Kevin G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, commonly used to individually identify fish, are assumed to not hinder survival or alter the behavior of the fish and to be retained throughout the duration of the study. While these assumptions have been verified for many species, other species have exhibited poor retention or survival, or altered behavior. In this study, we evaluated short-term PIT tag retention and recapturability of PIT-tagged fish in wild populations of migrating and spawning Bluehead Sucker Catostomus discobolus and Flannelmouth Sucker C. latipinnis. We trapped fish as they entered a spawning tributary of the Gunnison River near Delta, Colorado, USA. We abdominally injected 12.5 × 2.1 mm PIT tags and externally marked 2,645 fish; another 2,660 fish were given an alternative external mark but were not PIT-tagged. When we recaptured fish as they exited the tributary, we found a PIT tag retention rate &gt;99% and recaptured a greater proportion of PIT-tagged fish than of control fish for both species. We did not identify any tag loss in females, suggesting that tags were not expelled with eggs while spawning. Abdominally injected PIT tags are an effective way of marking these species.
Received November 22, 2016; accepted February 26, 2017 Published online April 18, 2017
Increasing the power of meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to detect heterogeneous effects
Authors: Lee C H , Eskin E , Han B 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Meta-analysis is essential to combine the results of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Recent large-scale meta-analyses have combined studies of different ethnicities, environments and even studies of different related phenotypes. These differences between studies can manifest as effect size heterogeneity. We previously developed a modified random effects model (RE2) that can achieve higher power to detect heterogeneous effects than the commonly used fixed effects model (FE). However, RE2 cannot perform meta-analysis of correlated statistics, which are found in recent research designs, and the identified variants often overlap with those found by FE.

Results
Here, we propose RE2C, which increases the power of RE2 in two ways. First, we generalized the likelihood model to account for correlations of statistics to achieve optimal power, using an optimization technique based on spectral decomposition for efficient parameter estimation. Second, we designed a novel statistic to focus on the heterogeneous effects that FE cannot detect, thereby, increasing the power to identify new associations. We developed an efficient and accurate p-value approximation procedure using analytical decomposition of the statistic. In simulations, RE2C achieved a dramatic increase in power compared with the decoupling approach (71% vs. 21%) when the statistics were correlated. Even when the statistics are uncorrelated, RE2C achieves a modest increase in power. Applications to real genetic data supported the utility of RE2C. RE2C is highly efficient and can meta-analyze one hundred GWASs in one day.

Availability and implementation
The software is freely available at http://software.buhmhan.com/RE2C.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Image-based spatiotemporal causality inference for protein signaling networks
Authors: Ruan Xiongtao , Wülfing Christoph , Murphy Robert F 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Efforts to model how signaling and regulatory networks work in cells have largely either not considered spatial organization or have used compartmental models with minimal spatial resolution. Fluorescence microscopy provides the ability to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution of many molecules during signaling events, but as of yet no methods have been described for large scale image analysis to learn a complex protein regulatory network. Here we present and evaluate methods for identifying how changes in concentration in one cell region influence concentration of other proteins in other regions.

Results
Using 3D confocal microscope movies of GFP-tagged T cells undergoing costimulation, we learned models containing putative causal relationships among 12 proteins involved in T cell signaling. The models included both relationships consistent with current knowledge and novel predictions deserving further exploration. Further, when these models were applied to the initial frames of movies of T cells that had been only partially stimulated, they predicted the localization of proteins at later times with statistically significant accuracy. The methods, consisting of spatiotemporal alignment, automated region identification, and causal inference, are anticipated to be applicable to a number of biological systems.

Availability and implementation
The source code and data are available as a Reproducible Research Archive at http://murphylab.cbd.cmu.edu/software/2017_TcellCausalModels/
Daily remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: insights from the pooled patient-level data from three randomized controlled trials (IN-TIME, ECOST, TRUST)
Authors: Hindricks Gerhard , Varma Niraj , Kacet Salem , Lewalter Thorsten , Søgaard Peter , Guédon-Moreau Laurence , Proff Jochen , Gerds Thomas A , Anker Stefan D , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Aims
Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators may improve clinical outcome. A recent meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials (TRUST, ECOST, IN-TIME) using a specific remote monitoring system with daily transmissions [Biotronik Home Monitoring (HM)] demonstrated improved survival. We performed a patient-level analysis to verify this result with appropriate time-to-event statistics and to investigate further clinical endpoints.

Methods and results
Individual data of the TRUST, ECOST, and IN-TIME patients were pooled to calculate absolute risks of endpoints at 1-year follow-up for HM vs. conventional follow-up. All-cause mortality analysis involved all three trials (2405 patients). Other endpoints involved two trials, ECOST and IN-TIME (1078 patients), in which an independent blinded endpoint committee adjudicated the underlying causes of hospitalizations and deaths. The absolute risk of death at 1 year was reduced by 1.9% in the HM group (95% CI: 0.1–3.8%; P = 0.037), equivalent to a risk ratio of 0.62. Also the combined endpoint of all-cause mortality or hospitalization for worsening heart failure (WHF) was significantly reduced (by 5.6%; P = 0.007; risk ratio 0.64). The composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization tended to be reduced by a similar degree (4.1%; P = 0.13; risk ratio 0.85) but without statistical significance.

Conclusion
In a pooled analysis of the three trials, HM reduced all-cause mortality and the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or WHF hospitalization. The similar magnitudes of absolute risk reductions for WHF and CV endpoints suggest that the benefit of HM is driven by the prevention of heart failure exacerbation.
Clinical use of ring with support pessary for advanced pelvic organ prolapse and predictors of its short-term successful use
Authors: Deng Mou , Ding Jing , Ai Fangfang , Zhu Lan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the success rate, patient satisfaction and adverse events with the use of the ring with support pessary in patients with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and to identify the factors associated with successful pessary use.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 151 patients with symptomatic advanced POP (POP quantification stage III/IV) came to the Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, for POP treatment between May 2015 and December 2015. In all, 97 patients who chose the ring with support pessaries were included in this study. Successful pessary use was defined as the continuous use of the pessary at a 3-month follow-up visit. Independent-samples t tests, nonparametric tests, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results:
In all, 82 patients continued to use the ring with support pessary for 3 months, whereas 15 patients discontinued, corresponding to a success rate of 84.5% (82/97). Most patients (80/82, 97.6%) who achieved success using the ring with support pessary felt satisfied. No severe complications were observed. Size 3 was the most commonly used size in our center (59.8% of the study patients). Predominant anterior wall prolapse was associated with the successful use of ring with support pessary (odds ratio 5.08, 95% confidence interval 1.33-19.43, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
The ring with support pessary was successfully used for the treatment of advanced POP with high rates of success and satisfaction. A predominant prolapse in the anterior wall may be a potential influence factor for successful pessary use.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES OF TORPEDO MACULOPATHY
Authors: Giannakaki-Zimmermann Helena , Munk Marion R. , Dysli Chantal , Ebneter Andreas , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin S. 
Published: April 2017

Background/Purpose:
To investigate the retinal and choroidal vasculature in patients with torpedo maculopathy with optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A).

Methods:
Retrospective case series of four patients who were examined at the department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Bern. Main Outcome was the lesion size over time in OCT-A and fundus autofluorescence.

Results:
Three patients had Type I and 1 patient had Type II torpedo maculopathy. Torpedo maculopathy lesion size remained stable in all patients over a mean period of observation of three years in OCT-A and fundus autofluorescence. The choriocapillaris network was attenuated focally within the lesion in OCT-A in all four cases. The lesion size in fundus autofluorescence was 2.77 mm2 and therefore comparable with the lesion size in OCT-A of 2.75 mm2.

Conclusion:
OCT-A signal of the choriocapillaris was reduced within the cleft in both types of torpedo maculopathy. Whether the changes represent the primary site of malformation or whether these findings are the consequence of a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium remains speculative.
Randomized Double-blind Trial of Ringer Lactate Versus Normal Saline in Pediatric Acute Severe Diarrheal Dehydration
Authors: Kartha Gayathri Bhuvaneswaran , Rameshkumar Ramachandran , Mahadevan Subramanian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Ringer lactate (RL) versus normal saline (NS) in the correction of pediatric acute severe diarrheal dehydration, as measured by improvement in clinical status and pH (≥7.35).

Methods:
A total of 68 children ages 1 month to 12 years with acute severe diarrheal dehydration (World Health Organization [WHO] classification) were randomized into RL (n = 34) and NS groups (n = 34) and received 100 mL/kg of the assigned intravenous fluid according to WHO PLAN-C for the management of diarrheal dehydration. The primary outcome was an improvement in clinical status and pH (≥7.35) at the end of 6 hours. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum electrolytes, renal and blood gas parameters, the volume of fluid required for dehydration correction excluding the first cycle, time to start oral feeding, hospital stay, and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results:
Primary outcome was achieved in 38% versus 23% (relative risk = 1.63, 95% confidence interval 0.80–3.40) in RL and NS groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes in electrolytes, renal, and blood gas parameters. None required second cycle of dehydration correction. Median (interquartile range) time to start oral feeding (1.0 [0.19–2.0] vs 1.5 [0.5–2.0] hours) and hospital stay (2.0 [1.0–2.0] vs 2.0 [2.0–2.0] days) was similar. The median total cost was higher in RL than NS group (

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120 [

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120–

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180] vs

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55 [

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55–

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82], P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
In pediatric acute severe diarrheal dehydration, resuscitation with RL and NS was associated with similar clinical improvement and biochemical resolution. Hence, NS is to be considered as the fluid of choice because of the clinical improvement, cost, and availability.
A Study on Postmortem Wound Dating by Gross and Histopathological Examination of Abrasions
Authors: Vinay Javaregowda , Harish Sathyanarayana , Mangala Gouri S.R. , Hugar Basappa S. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction
Abrasions are the most common blunt force injuries. The precise dating of injury is extremely important in forensic medicine practice. As we know, the wound healing occurs in well-orchestrated sequence, consisting of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.
A study of occurrence of such phases will help in understanding the sequence of events in wound healing. In this context, this study of wound dating from gross and microscopic level was taken.

Materials and Methods
Postmortem study of wound dating by gross and histopathological examination of abrasions was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, in M.S. Ramaiah Medical College. A total of 101 abrasions were correlated to time frame the occurrence of different gross changes and microscopic changes that follow the blunt trauma. Abrasions ranging from 0 hour to a maximum of 45 days were studied.

Results
The gross changes of abrasions were in correlation with the microscopic changes; however, the role of the comorbid conditions is significant because the results showed variations with respect to healing process.

Conclusions
This study signifies that, if naked eye examination is studied along with histopathological examination, the reliability and accuracy of dating of wound increase. Whenever accurate determination of age is required, the autopsy surgeon can subject the samples for histopathological examination and correlate before opining the age of injury.
Relationship of Hospital Costs With Mortality in Pediatric Critical Care: A Multi-Institutional Analysis*
Authors: Gupta Punkaj , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
With increasing emphasis on high “value” care, we designed this study to evaluate the relationship between hospital costs and patient outcomes in pediatric critical care.

Design:
Post hoc analysis of data from an existing administrative national database, Pediatric Health Information Systems. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate association of hospital cost tertiles with odds of mortality after adjusting for patient and center characteristics.

Setting:
Forty-seven children’s hospitals across the United States.

Patients:
Patients 18 years old or younger admitted to a PICU at a Pediatric Health Information Systems participating hospital were included (2004–2015).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 917,663 patients from 47 hospitals were included. Median cost per patient was $42,181 in the low-cost hospitals (341,689 patients, 16 hospitals), $56,806 in the middle-cost hospitals (310,293 patients, 16 hospitals), and $82,588 in the high-cost hospitals (265,681 patients, 15 hospitals). In unadjusted analysis, patients cared for in the high-cost tertile hospitals were younger in age, associated with more comorbidities, had higher resource utilization (including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and nitric oxide), had higher prevalence of cardiac arrest, and were associated with worse outcomes (including mortality). In adjusted analysis, high-cost tertile hospitals were not associated with improved mortality, when compared with low- and medium-cost tertile hospitals (low cost vs high cost: odds ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.79–1.25 and middle cost vs high cost: odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.86–1.41). When stratified by diagnoses category, we noted similar trends among cardiac and noncardiac patients.

Conclusions:
This large observational study did not demonstrate any relationship between hospital costs and patient outcomes in children with critical illness. Further efforts are needed to evaluate quality-cost relationship and high value care in critically ill children across centers of varying volume by linking data from clinical and administrative databases.
Functional Status of Neonatal and Pediatric Patients After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
Authors: Cashen Katherine , Reeder Ron , Dalton Heidi J. , Berg Robert A. , Shanley Thomas P. , Newth Christopher J. L. , Pollack Murray M. , Wessel David , Carcillo Joseph , Harrison Rick , Dean J. Michael , Jenkins Tammara , Meert Kathleen L. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To describe functional status at hospital discharge for neonatal and pediatric patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and identify factors associated with functional status and mortality.

Design:
Secondary analysis of observational data collected by the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network between December 2012 and September 2014.

Setting:
Eight hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Patients:
Patients were less than 19 years old and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Interventions:
Functional status was evaluated among survivors using the Functional Status Scale. Total Functional Status Scale scores range from 6 to 30 and are categorized as 6–7 (good), 8–9 (mildly abnormal), 10–15 (moderately abnormal), 16–21 (severely abnormal), and greater than 21 (very severely abnormal).

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 514 patients, 267 (52%) were neonates (≤ 30 d old). Indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was respiratory for 237 (46%), cardiac for 207 (40%), and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 70 (14%). Among 282 survivors, 89 (32%) had good, 112 (40%) mildly abnormal, 67 (24%) moderately abnormal, and 14 (5%) severely or very severely abnormal function at hospital discharge. Among neonates, development of renal failure and longer hospitalization were independently associated with worse Functional Status Scale. Chronic conditions, prematurity, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, increased red cell transfusion in the first 24 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and longer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration were independently associated with mortality. Among pediatric patients, chronic neurologic conditions, tracheostomy or home ventilator, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hepatic dysfunction, and longer ICU stay were independently associated with worse Functional Status Scale. Chronic cardiac conditions, hepatic dysfunction, and neurologic or thrombotic complications were independently associated with mortality. Achieving blood lactate concentration less than or equal to 2 mmol/L during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was independently associated with survival in both neonatal and pediatric patients.

Conclusions:
In this study, about half of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients survived with good, mildly abnormal, or moderately abnormal function at hospital discharge. Patient and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related factors are associated with functional status and mortality.
Clinical Toxicity of Acute Overdoses With l-Thyroxin in Children
Authors: Ergul Ayse Betul , Altuner Torun Yasemin , Serbetci Mahmut Can , Ozcan Alper , Bas Veysel Nijat 
Published: April 2017

Objectivesl-Thyroxine ingestion is rarely seen in children; here, we report our experience of it. This study describes the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of acutel-thyroxine ingestion in children.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients treated forl-thyroxine ingestion at Kayseri Teaching Hospital between September 2013 and September 2016. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings are described. Ethical approval was not obtained because the study was retrospective.ResultsThe incidence ofl-thyroxine ingestion was 0.07% to 1.2% per year. There were 14 patients. Twelve patients were asymptomatic, but 2 (14.2%) exhibited tachycardia and hypertension. Thyroid hormone levels were elevated in 3 patients (21.4%). Eleven patients did not require medical treatment (78.4%); 3 did. No serious complication or death was observed.ConclusionsAcute ingestion has a benign course. Serious complications are uncommon but may appear several hours or days after ingestion; therefore, patients withl-thyroxine ingestion should be followed closely for 2 weeks.
Impact of Antiretroviral Treatment Containing Tenofovir Difumarate on the Telomere Length of Aviremic HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Montejano Rocio , Stella-Ascariz Natalia , Monge Susana , Bernardino José I. , Pérez-Valero Ignacio , Montes María L. , Valencia Eulalia , Martín-Carbonero Luz , Moreno Victoria , González-García Juan , Arnalich Francisco , Mingorance Jesús , Pintado Berniches Laura , Perona Rosario , Arribas José R. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the in vivo relevance of the inhibitory effect of tenofovir on telomerase activity observed in vitro.

Design:
Cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients with suppressed virological replication (HIV RNA <50 copies/mL for more than 1 year).

Methods:
Telomere length in whole blood was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We performed a multivariate analysis to elucidate variables associated with telomere length and also evaluated the association between telomere length and use of tenofovir difumarate (TDF) adjusted by significant confounders.

Results:
200 patients included, 72% men, median age 49 (IQR 45–54.5), 103 with exposure to a TDF containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen (69.9% for more than 5 years) and 97 never exposed to a TDF containing ART regimen. In the multivariate analysis, significant predictors of shorter telomere length were older age (P = 0.008), parental age at birth (P = 0.038), white race (P = 0.048), and longer time of known HIV infection (10–20 and ≥20 years compared with <10 years, P = 0.003 and P = 0.056, respectively). There was no association between TDF exposure and telomere length after adjusting for possible confounding factors (age, parental age at birth, race, and time of HIV infection). Total time receiving ART and duration of treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were associated with shorter telomere length, but these associations were explained by time of known HIV infection.

Conclusions:
Our data do not suggest that telomerase activity inhibition caused by TDF in vitro leads to telomere shortening in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients.