bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual decline in forced expiratory volume is steeper in aluminum potroom workers than in workers without exposure to potroom fumes
Authors: Søyseth Vidar , Henneberger Paul K. , Einvik Gunnar , Virji Mohammed Abbas , Bakke Berit , Kongerud Johny 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAluminum potroom exposure is associated with increased mortality of COPD but the association between potroom exposure and annual decline in lung function is unknown. We have measured lung volumes annually using spirometry from 1986 to 1996. The objective was to compare annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (dFEV1) and forced vital capacity (dFVC).MethodsThe number of aluminum potroom workers was 4,546 (81% males) and the number of workers in the reference group was 651 (76% males). The number of spirometries in the index group and the references were 24,060 and 2,243, respectively.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, the difference in dFEV1 and dFVC between the index and reference groups were 13.5 (P < 0.001) and −8.0 (P = 0.060) ml/year.ConclusionAluminum potroom operators have increased annual decline in FEV1 relative to a comparable group with non‐exposure to potroom fumes and gases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:322–329, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related changes in molar topography and shearing crest length in a wild population of mountain Gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Authors: Glowacka Halszka , McFarlin Shannon C. , Catlett Kierstin K. , Mudakikwa Antoine , Bromage Timothy G. , Cranfield Michael R. , Stoinski Tara S. , Schwartz Gary T. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesGreat ape teeth must remain functional over long lifespans. The molars of the most folivorous apes, the mountain gorillas, must maintain shearing function for 40+ years while the animals consume large quantities of mechanically challenging foods. While other folivorous primates experience dental senescence, which compromises their occlusal surfaces and affects their reproductive success as they age, it is unknown whether dental senescence also occurs in mountain gorillas. In this article, we quantified and evaluated how mountain gorilla molars change throughout their long lifespans.Materials and MethodsWe collected high‐resolution replicas of M1s (n = 15), M2s (n = 13), and M3s (n = 11) from a cross‐sectional sample of wild mountain gorilla skeletons from the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in age from 4 to 43 years. We employed dental topographic analyses to track how aspects of occlusal slope, angularity, relief index, and orientation patch count rotated change with age. In addition, we measured the relative length of shearing crests in two‐ and three‐dimensions.ResultsOcclusal topography was found to decrease, while 2D relative shearing crest length increased, and 3D relative crest lengths were maintained with age.DiscussionOur findings indicate that shearing function is maintained throughout the long lifetimes of mountain gorillas. Unlike the dental senescence experienced by other folivorous primates, mountain gorillas do not appear to possess senesced molars despite their long lifetimes, mechanically challenging diets, and decreases in occlusal topography with age. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:3–15, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The application of knemometry to measure childhood short‐term growth among the indigenous Shuar of Ecuador
Authors: Urlacher Samuel S. , Snodgrass J. Josh , Liebert Melissa A. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Gildner Theresa E. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesKnemometry, the precise measurement of lower leg (LL) length, suggests that childhood short‐term (e.g., weekly) growth is a dynamic, nonlinear process. However, owing to the large size and complexity of the traditional knemometer device, previous study of short‐term growth among children has been restricted predominantly to clinical settings in industrialized Western nations. The aim of the present study is to address this limitation and promote broader understandings of global variation in childhood development by: (1) describing a custom‐built portable knemometer and assessing its performance in the field; and (2) demonstrating the potential application of such a device by characterizing childhood short‐term LL growth among the indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador.Materials and MethodsMixed‐longitudinal LL length data were collected weekly from 336 Shuar children age 5–12 years old using the custom portable knemometer (n = 1,145 total observations). Device performance and Shuar short‐term LL growth were explored using linear mixed effects models and descriptive statistics.ResultsThe portable knemometer performed well across a range of participant characteristics and possesses a low technical error of measurement of 0.18 mm. Shuar childhood LL growth averages 0.47 mm/week (SD = 0.75 mm/week), but exhibits large between‐ and within‐individual variation.DiscussionKnemometry can be reliably performed in the field, providing a means for evaluating childhood short‐term growth among genetically and ecologically diverse populations. Preliminary findings suggest that Shuar weekly LL growth is comparable in mean magnitude but likely more variable than reported for healthy Western children. Future work will further explore these patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:353–357, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of nasal mucociliary transport rate according to nasal septum deviation type
Authors: Dogan Remzi , Tugrul Selahattin , Erdoğan Ezgi Başak , Eren Sabri Baki , Ozturan Orhan 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundNasal septum deviation (NSD) may affect mucociliary activity (MCA) to varying degrees, depending upon the severity of the deviation. We used rhinoscintigraphy to determine the impact of the various NSD types on MCA.MethodsA recent classification describing 6 different forms of NSD was used to standardize the study. Forty‐eight subjects were enrolled. Eight patients for each form of NSD were accrued for further study. Rhinoscintigraphy was performed using technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc‐MAA) before and 3 months after surgery. Nasal mucociliary transport rate (NMTR), the half‐time of 99mTc‐MAA activity, and clearance rate over a 20‐minute period were compared between groups.ResultsPreoperative NMTR and clearance rates were significantly lower and half‐time was significantly longer in types 4 and 6 than in the other groups. Although the postoperative NMTR and clearance rates increased compared with preoperative values in all groups, the increase was significant only in types 2, 4, and 6. The postoperative half‐time increased significantly compared with the preoperative values in types 2, 4, and 6. The postoperative rhinoscintigraphy evaluation revealed no significant differences among groups in NMTR, half‐time, or clearance rate.ConclusionNSD types 4 and 6 had lower preoperative NMTR and clearance rates and a longer half‐time compared with the other groups. However, the postoperative values of these parameters were not significantly different among groups. Our results indicate that NSD types 4 and 6 had the greatest impact on MCA, suggesting that these patients may receive the maximum benefit from septoplasty.
Mikrofluidik aus dem 3D‐Drucker
Authors: Au Anthony K. , Huynh Wilson , Horowitz Lisa F. , Folch Albert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Entwicklung der weichen Lithographie hat den Weg bereitet für große Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Mikrofluidik. Allerdings ist die Fertigung und der Betrieb von Mikrofluidiksystemen auf PDMS‐Basis noch immer arbeitsaufwändig. Hinzu kommen sperrige Steuerungssysteme und unhandliche Benutzerschnittstellen, was insgesamt die Kommerzialisierung dieser Technologie erschwert. Mit dem 3D‐Druck steht nun eine Technik zur Verfügung, die für die Entwicklung von Mikrofluidikelementen ideal geeignet scheint. Dabei verfährt man so, dass im Vorfeld des Fertigungsprozesses eine CAD‐Datei entworfen wird, die später in den Drucker gespeist wird. Es besteht die Möglichkeit eines modularen Designs, das auf unterschiedliche Arbeitsteams aufgeteilt werden kann. Mechanisches Verhalten und Strömungsverhalten können vorab anhand von Computermodellen simuliert werden. Der Fertigungsprozess kommt ohne Ätz‐ oder Auflösungsprozesse aus und ist daher umweltschonend und wirtschaftlich. Wir prognostizieren, dass 3D‐Druck in den kommenden Jahren die meisten PDMS‐ und Formgusstechniken im akademischen Bereich ersetzen wird.
Polymeric Nanoparticles Amenable to Simultaneous Installation of Exterior Targeting and Interior Therapeutic Proteins
Authors: Zhu Xi , Wu Jun , Shan Wei , Tao Wei , Zhao Lili , Lim Jong‐Min , D'Ortenzio Mathew , Karnik Rohit , Huang Yuan , Shi Jinjun , Farokhzad Omid C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEffective delivery of therapeutic proteins is a formidable challenge. Herein, using a unique polymer family with a wide‐ranging set of cationic and hydrophobic features, we developed a novel nanoparticle (NP) platform capable of installing protein ligands on the particle surface and simultaneously carrying therapeutic proteins inside by a self‐assembly procedure. The loaded therapeutic proteins (e.g., insulin) within the NPs exhibited sustained and tunable release, while the surface‐coated protein ligands (e.g., transferrin) were demonstrated to alter the NP cellular behaviors. In vivo results revealed that the transferrin‐coated NPs can effectively be transported across the intestinal epithelium for oral insulin delivery, leading to a notable hypoglycemic response.
Ladungsinduziertes Entwinden isolierter Proteine zu einer definierten Sekundärstruktur
Authors: González Flórez Ana Isabel , Mucha Eike , Ahn Doo‐Sik , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Pagel Kevin , von Helden Gert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn einer kombinierten experimentellen und theoretischen Studie untersuchen wir die Sekundärstruktur isolierter Proteine in Abhängigkeit ihrer Ladung. In den Infrarotspektren der Proteine Ubiquitin und Cytochrom c treten Amid‐I‐Banden (C=O‐Streckschwingung) und Amid‐II‐Banden (N‐H‐Biegeschwingung) an Positionen auf, die typisch für Proteine in der kondensierten Phase sind. Bei hohen Ladungszuständen tritt eine neue Bande auf, die eine wesentliche Rotverschiebung zur Amid‐II‐Bande niedrigerer Ladungszustände aufweist. Diese Beobachtungen lassen sich als Coulomb‐induzierter Übergang aus einer hauptsächlich helikalen in eine gestreckte Sekundärstruktur interpretieren, welche durch C5‐Wasserstoffbrücken gekennzeichnet ist. Gestützt wird diese Deutung durch ein simples elektrostatisches Modell sowie durch quantenchemische Berechnungen an Modellpeptiden. Dieser Übergang der Sekundärstruktur ist aller Voraussicht nach für isolierte Proteine – wie sie in der Massenspektrometrie auftreten – allgemeingültig.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidines by the Diverted N−H Insertion Reaction of Metallocarbenes with β‐Aminoketone Derivatives
Authors: Nicolle Simon M. , Lewis William , Hayes Christopher J. , Moody Christopher J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA highly stereoselective route to functionalized pyrrolidines by the metal‐catalyzed diverted N−H insertion of a range of diazocarbonyl compounds with β‐aminoketone derivatives is described. A number of catalysts (rhodium(II) carboxylate dimers, copper(I) triflate, and an iron(III) porphyrin) are shown to promote the process under mild conditions to give a wide range of highly substituted proline derivatives. The reaction starts as a metallocarbene N−H insertion but is diverted by an intermolecular aldol reaction.
Enantioselective Formal Syntheses of 11 Nuphar Alkaloids and Discovery of Potent Apoptotic Monomeric Analogues
Authors: Li Hui , Korotkov Alexander , Chapman Charles W. , Eastman Alan , Wu Jimmy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConcise, scalable, and enantioselective formal syntheses of eight dimeric and three monomeric nuphar alkaloids were achieved, along with the construction of a stereochemically diverse collection of the first known monomeric analogues having apoptotic activity. The syntheses involved the development of highly enantioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed vinylogous Mukaiyama–Mannich reactions, which feature the unprecedented use of a supersilyl group to control the regio‐, enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Biological studies reveal that several of these novel nuphar analogues are even more potent than their dimeric natural product counterparts.
3D‐Printed Microfluidics
Authors: Au Anthony K. , Huynh Wilson , Horowitz Lisa F. , Folch Albert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe advent of soft lithography allowed for an unprecedented expansion in the field of microfluidics. However, the vast majority of PDMS microfluidic devices are still made with extensive manual labor, are tethered to bulky control systems, and have cumbersome user interfaces, which all render commercialization difficult. On the other hand, 3D printing has begun to embrace the range of sizes and materials that appeal to the developers of microfluidic devices. Prior to fabrication, a design is digitally built as a detailed 3D CAD file. The design can be assembled in modules by remotely collaborating teams, and its mechanical and fluidic behavior can be simulated using finite‐element modeling. As structures are created by adding materials without the need for etching or dissolution, processing is environmentally friendly and economically efficient. We predict that in the next few years, 3D printing will replace most PDMS and plastic molding techniques in academia.
A Solvent‐Free Hot‐Pressing Method for Preparing Metal–Organic‐Framework Coatings
Authors: Chen Yifa , Li Siqing , Pei Xiaokun , Zhou Junwen , Feng Xiao , Zhang Shenghan , Cheng Yuanyuan , Li Haiwei , Han Ruodan , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their well‐defined pores and rich structural diversity and functionality, have drawn a great deal of attention from across the scientific community. However, industrial applications are hampered by their intrinsic fragility and poor processability. Stable and resilient MOF devices with tunable flexibility are highly desirable. Herein, we present a solvent‐ and binder‐free approach for producing stable MOF coatings by a unique hot‐pressing (HoP) method, in which temperature and pressure are applied simultaneously to facilitate the rapid growth of MOF nanocrystals onto desired substrates. This strategy was proven to be applicable to carboxylate‐based, imidazolate‐based, and mixed‐metal MOFs. We further successfully obtained superhydrophobic and “Janus” MOF films through layer‐by‐layer pressing. This HoP method can be scaled up in the form of roll‐to‐roll production and may push MOFs into unexplored industrial applications.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Vinylthioethers: Access to Optically Active 1,5‐Benzothiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Li Wei , Schlepphorst Christoph , Daniliuc Constantin , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel asymmetric hydrogenation of vinylthioethers was developed using a ruthenium(II) NHC complex. This method provides an efficient approach to optically active 1,5‐benzothiazepines featuring stereocenters with C−S bonds. Excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) and high yields (up to 99 %) were obtained for a variety of substrates bearing a range of useful functional groups. Moreover, this methodology could be directly applied to the synthesis of the antidepressant drug R‐(−)‐thiazesim.
Flame retardancy and thermal and mechanical performance of intercalated, layered double hydroxide composites of polyamide 11, aluminum phosphinate, and sulfamic acid
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Tang Wufei , Gu Xiaoyu , Jiang Peng , Sun Jun , Sophie Duquesne , Bourbigot Serge , Casetta Mathilde 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSulfamic acid‐intercalated MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (SA‐LDH) was prepared and added with aluminum phosphinate (AlPi) into polyamide 11 (PA11). The results showed that AlPi/SA‐LDH made a positive contribution to both flame retardancy and thermostability, and the effect was demonstrated with the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94), cone calorimetry (CONE), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The char morphologies were observed by SEM, and its chemical composition was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The decomposition mechanism was examined by TGA‐FTIR. The results showed that the LOI of PA11 was only 23.0 and cannot pass any UL‐94 rating. The addition of 20% AlPi increased the LOI to 31.5 and passed the UL‐94 V‐1 rating, and AlPi/SA‐LDH 15%/5% increased the LOI to 32.4 and also passed the UL‐94 V‐1 rating. The CONE results revealed that 20% of either AlPi or AlPi/SA‐LDH brought about a 30% decrease in the peak heat release rate (pHRR). The contribution of SA‐LDH to flame behavior was especially reflected in the postponement of pHRR. SEM showed that the char morphologies became denser after SA‐LDH incorporation. The improvement in thermal stability of the AlPi/SA‐LDH combination was documented by TGA in both N2 and air atmospheres. The mechanical performance deterioration caused by AlPi was partly improved by SA‐LDH. The storage modulus (E′) below the Tg of AlPi/SA‐LDH 15%/5% was about 300 MPa higher than with 20% AlPi. This was attributed to a compatibility improvement. The interaction forces among PA11, AlPi, and SA‐LDH were probed by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43370.
Application of superporous magnetic cationic cryogels for persistent chromate (toxic chromate and dichromate) uptake from aqueous environments
Authors: Sahiner Nurettin , Demirci Sahin , Sahiner Mehtap , Yilmaz Selehattin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPoly((3‐Acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (p(APTMACl)) cryogels were prepared with cryopolymerization technique and employed for the removal of toxic chromate and dichromate anions from aqueous media. The maximum adsorption capacities of 94 mg/g and 135 mg/g for chromate and dichromate anions, respectively, were determined with the application of the Langmuir isotherm. These values are very close to the experimental values of about 77 and 128 mg/g from 100 mL, 100 ppm chromate, and dichromate solutions using 0.03 g cryogel. The removal efficiency of chromate and dichromate anions were increased with the increase in the amount of cryogel and the removal percentage of chromate and dichromate toxic anions were estimated as 99.21 and 93.61%, respectively, for 0.15 g of p(APTMACl) cryogels used in 100 mL, 100 ppm chromate, and dichromate solutions. Furthermore, magnetic p(APTMACl) cryogels were also prepared and used in the removal of chromate and dichromate, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 30 mg/g and 40 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption of these anions were investigated from different media such as drinking water, tap water, seawater, and creek water; and the maximum adsorption amounts in drinking water were 65.5 ± 15, and 125.5 ± 11 mg/g for chromate and dichromate anions, respectively. The reusability of p(APTMACl) cryogels for the removal of chromate and dichromate anions was also investigated, and it was found that the adsorption capacity for chromate anions decreased to 71.23 ± 4.3 from 97.37 ± 4.5 mg/g, whereas the adsorption capacity of dichromate anions only decreased to 123.69 ± 3.5 mg/g from 129.9 ± 7 mg/g at the end of five adsorption‐desorption cycles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43438.
Passive hygrische Klimatisierung
Authors: Stopp Horst , Schmidt Wolfgang , Strangfeld Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEin ureigenes Ziel der Bauphysik besteht im Errichten von Gebäuden, deren Raumklima auch ohne zusätzliche Gerätetechnik weitgehend heutigen Behaglichkeitsmaßstäben für Wohnungen und Anforderungen öffentlich genutzter Gebäude entspricht. Einen Beitrag hierzu liefern u. a. hygroskopisch wirksame Raumbegrenzungsflächen mit gezielt modifizierten hygrischen Kennwerten.Passive measures for hygric indoor climate regulation. One of the primary objectives in building physics is to construct buildings with indoor air conditions that meet current standards of comfort for residential and public buildings, wherever possible without any additional air conditioning technology. Using ‘hygroscopic’ surfaces with specifically modified hygric values as room boundaries can help achieve this objective.
The Impact of Culture on Loss Aversion
Authors: Wang Mei , Rieger Marc Oliver , Hens Thorsten 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBased on the literature on the relationship between culture, emotion, and loss aversion, we derive that culture can influence the degree of loss aversion. To test our hypotheses, we conduct a standardized survey in 53 countries worldwide that includes the questions from the Hofstede survey on cultural dimensions as well as lottery questions on loss aversion. The results show that individualism, power distance, and masculinity increase loss aversion as predicted, whereas the impact of uncertainty avoidance is less significant. Moreover, we also find a relation between the distribution of major religions in a country and loss aversion. In comparison, the connection of loss aversion to macroeconomic variables seems to be much smaller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Emotion Appraisal Dimensions and Individual Differences to Understand Emotion Effects on Gift Giving
Authors: De Hooge Ilona E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMultiple studies have revealed that emotion appraisal dimensions can predict the effects of emotions on decision making. For example, givers' intention to buy gifts depends on whether they feel positive or negative (valence) and on whether the feeling is caused by the givers themselves or by gift receivers (agency). However, there is little understanding of how the effects of such appraisal dimensions might depend on individual characteristics. The current research addresses this gap by studying the interaction effects of emotions and individual characteristics on gift giving. Study 1 demonstrates that emotion effects on gift‐giving behavior are explained by two things: the cause of those emotions (self or others, agency) and whether those emotions are positive or negative (valence). Moreover, four studies reveal that these effects depend on the givers' interpersonal orientation. For high interpersonally oriented givers, who care mostly about interpersonal relationships, emotion effects on gift giving depend on both valence and agency. In contrast, for low interpersonally oriented givers, who care mostly about their own gains, emotion effects on gift giving depend only on valence. Together, these findings suggest that although a focus on appraisal dimensions can be useful, individual characteristics should also be taken into account when trying to understand emotion effects on gift giving, in particular, and on decision making, in general. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.