bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russie/OTAN : maîtriser la confrontation
Authors: Trenin Dmitri , Tarpinian Cécile 
Published: December 2016

La confrontation actuelle entre États-Unis, OTAN et Russie, si elle n’approche pas le niveau de la guerre froide, est porteuse de vrais dangers. L’expansion continue de l’OTAN vers l’est, le déploiement de la défense antimissile américaine en Europe, constituent pour Moscou de réels problèmes stratégiques. Les réactions militaires, de part et d’autre, sont encore limitées. La confrontation ne s’éteindra pas rapidement, mais un dialogue politique renouvelé pourrait la rendre maîtrisable.	politique étrangère
Adapter l’Alliance au nouvel environnement géostratégique
Authors: Paloméros Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2016

Le sommet de Varsovie a complété les décisions prises lors du sommet du pays de Galles, pour accroître la réactivité de l’Alliance et son adaptation au contexte stratégique. Défense collective, gestion des crises et sécurité coopérative doivent s’appuyer sur un renforcement des moyens budgétaires des États membres, sur le développement de nouvelles capacités, en matière de renseignement, de reconnaisance et de cyber défense, et sur une coopération renouvelée entre l’OTAN et l’Union européenne.	politique étrangère
Two-and-a-half Ways of Thinking about the European Union
Authors: Schütze Robert 
Published: December 2016

Cet article fait l’hypothèse que la théorie sui generis de l’UE est une théorie « négative » et « antihistorique ». De telles limites explicatives reposent premièrement sur une tautologie conceptuelle de base (Hay, 1966, 37) : l’UE est… . ce qu’elle est ; et elle n’est pas… . ce qu’elle n’est pas ! Deuxièmement, la théorie sui generis ne considère l’UE qu’en termes négatifs – l’UE ne serait donc ni une organisation internationale ni un État fédéral – pérennisant ainsi les fondements conceptuels de la tradition westphalienne. Quel autre type d’approche permettrait de penser de façon plus pertinente l’UE ? Cette contribution cherchera alors à expliquer dans quelle mesure le cadre fédéraliste constitue une grille de lecture pertinente afin d’interroger la nature de l’UE.
The Federal Language and the European Integration Process: The European Communities viewed from the US
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe 
Published: December 2016

Cet article vise à offrir une analyse du langage et de la boîte à outils conceptuelle utilisés par les juristes comparatistes aux États-Unis au cours des premières années du processus d’intégration européenne, en accordant une attention particulière aux figures intellectuelles importantes, à savoir Peter Hay et Eric Stein. Entre les années 1950 et 1980, un important débat sur les « stratégies » de l’intégration juridique politique suivie par les acteurs politiques européens, a surgi dans plusieurs revues et journaux de droit comparé. Au cours de ces années, de nombreux auteurs des deux côtés de l’Atlantique ont comparé leurs perspectives, compte tenu de la comparabilité entre l’intégration américaine et européenne. Encore aujourd’hui, nous employons aujourd’hui le lexique fédéral utilisé par ces premiers commentateurs ( preemption, incorporation, supremacy clause ) pour décrire les concepts clé du droit de la Communauté européenne (aujourd’hui Union européenne). Cet article offre un regard critique sur l’origine d’un tel héritage linguistique.
Le principe fédéral à l’épreuve de l’histoire de l’intégration européenne
Authors: Ramírez Pérez Sigfrido M. 
Published: December 2016

Le fédéralisme a été le premier paradigme historiographique utilisé pour analyser le processus d’intégration européenne, et ce, avec un certain succès à partir des années 1970. En dépit de cette domination initiale sur l’historiographie, il est devenu marginal lorsque ce nouveau champ de recherche historiographique s’est vu inclus dans la recherche portée par les chercheurs venant de l’histoire des relations internationales et de l’histoire économique et sociale ensuite. Ayant servi de récit mobilisateur des fédéralistes à l’intérieur et l’extérieur des institutions européennes et fort d’un certain appui institutionnel, le fédéralisme a limité sa crédibilité en tant qu’école historiographique, en dépit du fait qu’un nombre non négligeable de ses thèses et de ses conclusions ait été confirmé par les dernières recherches en cours. Cet article cherchera à expliquer ce paradoxe à l’aide d’un aperçu sur l’évolution récente de l’historiographie de l’intégration européenne.
Impossible quotidien ? Les photographies de Paris au XIX e siècle
Authors: Charpy Manuel 
Published: December 2016

Paris est au XIX e siècle la ville, avec Londres, la plus photographiée. Par centaines de milliers, plaques de verre puis films souples saisissent des instantanés de la vie parisienne. Las, ces images n’offrent qu’une faible documentation pour l’historien de la ville. C’est que les images commandées par les administrations et les réformateurs de la ville comme celles réalisées par les touristes et les amateurs reconduisent des traditions iconographiques existantes. C’est aussi que ces images ne cherchent par à capter le présent, voire l’élude avec soin : alors que les unes collectent les traces du passé, les autres cherchent à préfigurer la ville à venir. Au final, le quotidien et le monde contemporain surgissent par accident ou dans les marges, toujours quand il échappe au regard collectif.
Hayek au Japon : la réception d’une pensée néolibérale
Authors: Campagnolo Gilles 
Published: December 2016

La réception de la pensée de Friedrich Hayek au Japon dépend naturellement de caractéristiques propres à l’histoire de la modernisation dans ce pays, à partir de la seconde moitié du xix e siècle. Le contexte géographique et culturel est-asiatique, les clichés attachés au Japon peuvent conduire à s’étonner du succès de la pensée de l’auteur représentant d’une forme de « néolibéralisme ». Mais des traits épistémologiques et philosophiques, dont la démonstration est proposée ici, rendent compte de ce fait frappant. Au pays de la vie organisée en groupes à tous niveaux, l’impact fut considérable des idées du théoricien de l’individualisme méthodologique, militant du libre-échange et héritier sans doute le plus fameux de l’école économique autrichienne. L’écho de la pensée du fondateur de l’école, Carl Menger (1840-1921) dont les archives sont en partie conservées au Japon s’y fait également entendre. Un pan de théorie économique du libéralisme au xx e siècle a ainsi rencontré, loin de sa base d’origine, une réception attentive au pays du Soleil levant.
L’inceste père-fille à la fin du Moyen Âge : un crime, un péché de luxure ou un acte consenti ?
Authors: Lett Didier 
Published: December 2016

Résumé La bibliographie sur l’inceste à l’époque médiévale, dans un sens anthropologique (c’est-à-dire une alliance interdite par l’Église entre deux personnes liées par un degré de parenté jugé trop proche), est très abondante depuis les années 1980. En revanche, très peu d’études ont été menées sur l’inceste au sens contemporain d’une relation sexuelle, consentie ou imposée, commise au sein de l’atome de parenté, l’inceste intrafamilial. L’article s’intéresse à l’inceste père-fille, d’abord en observant les fondements scripturaires, théologiques, littéraires et hagiographiques, puis en analysant quelques procès issus des registres de justice pénale ( libri maleficiorum ) de la commune de Bologne au xv e siècle. L’inceste père-fille à la fin du Moyen Âge est considéré à la fois comme un péché et un crime sexuel, ce qui invite à poser la question de la reconnaissance ou non du consentement de la victime.
L’Heure du Crime au 36, quai des Orfèvres... Quand la radio fait voir un lieu mythique
Authors: Equoy Hutin Séverine 
Published: December 2016

L’univers policier constitue l’un des arrière-plans préférés des médias et un imaginaire mythique se déploie particulièrement autour du « 36 quai des Orfèvres ». Dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur les relations entre les sphères policière et médiatique, on examine les stratégies de mise en scène de l’institution « police judiciaire » dans le discours radiophonique contemporain. Cette étude prend pour objet l’émission radiophonique « L’heure du crime » (RTL) et plus particulièrement l’émission diffusée en direct, le 8 mars 2012, depuis les locaux du 36, quai des Orfèvres, à l’occasion du centenaire de la Brigade criminelle. L’analyse des dispositifs – techniques et scéniques – et du traitement discursif de cet événement montre que, loin de démythifier ce lieu et l’institution qu’il représente, ceux-ci entretiennent au contraire un imaginaire de fiction autour de la réalité du travail policier.
Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation for Corneal Ectasia
Authors: Giacomin Natalia T. , Mello Glauco R. , Medeiros Carla S. , Kiliç Alyin , Serpe Cristine C. , Almeida Hirlana G. , Kara-Junior Newton , Santhiago Marcony R. 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:
To provide an overview of the predictability, safety, and efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation as a tool to improve visual acuity and its association with other techniques such as corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), addressing biomechanical outcomes, models, surgical planning and technique, indications, contraindications, and complications in ectatic corneas.

METHODS:
Literature review.

RESULTS:
ICRSs have been used to regularize the corneal shape and reduce corneal astigmatism and higher order aberrations, improve visual acuity to acceptable limits, and delay, or eventually prevent, a corneal keratoplasty in keratoconic eyes. Changes in ICRS thickness and size, combination of techniques, and the addition of femtosecond lasers to dissect more foreseeable channels represent an improvement toward more predictable results. Several studies have shown, over time, the long-term efficacy and safety of ICRS treatment for keratoconus, with variable predictability, maintaining the early satisfactory outcomes regarding visual acuity, keratometry, and corneal thickness. It is just as important to ensure that the disease will not progress as it is to improve the visual acuity. Therefore, many studies have shown combined techniques using ICRS implantation and CXL. Also, further limitations of ICRS implantation can be addressed when associated with phakic intraocular lens implantation and photorefractive keratectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:
ICRS implantation has shown effectiveness and safety in most cases, including combined procedures. In properly selected eyes, it can improve both refraction and vision in patients with keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(12):829–839.]
Optical Measurement of Straylight in Eyes With Cataract
Authors: Sahin Onurcan , Pennos Alexandros , Ginis Harilaos , Hervella Lucia , Villegas Eloy A. , Cañizares Belen , Marin Jose Maria , Pallikaris Ioannis , Artal Pablo 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:
To measure straylight in a cohort of patients with cataract using a novel optical instrument and to correlate optical straylight values with clinical grade of cataracts and psychophysical straylight values.

METHODS:
Measurements were performed on 53 eyes of 44 patients with cataract admitted to the ophthalmology service of the university hospital in Murcia, Spain, and 9 young volunteers with no known ophthalmic pathology. Lens opacities were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System Ill (LOCS III) under slit-lamp examination. Intraocular straylight was additionally assessed psychophysically using the C-Quant straylight meter (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

RESULTS:

Optical measurements of the logarithm of the straylight parameter ranged from 1.01 to 2.01 (mean: 1.43 ± 0.244) in patients with cataract and 0.80 to 1.08 (mean: 0.92 ± 0.104) in healthy young volunteers. Straylight differed by a statistically significant amount among different LOCS III groups (
P
< .05). Moreover, the optically measured straylight parameter was positively correlated to the psychophysically estimated value (
r
= 0.803,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
A new compact optical instrument suitable for clinical measurements of straylight in the human eye has been developed. Optically measured straylight values were highly correlated to those that were obtained psychophysically. Optical measurement of straylight can be used for the objective classification of cataract opacities based on their optical impact.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):846–850.]
Computational Biomechanical Analysis of Asymmetric Ectasia Risk in Unilateral Post-LASIK Ectasia
Authors: Vahdati Ali , Seven Ibrahim , Mysore Naveen , Randleman J. Bradley , Dupps William J. 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:
To develop a computational approach to corneal biomechanical risk analysis in refractive surgery and to investigate its utility in an enigmatic case of unilateral ectasia after bilateral LASIK.

METHODS:
Preoperative corneal elevation datasets from both eyes of a patient who developed unilateral post-LASIK ectasia were used to construct geometrically patient-specific, microstructurally motivated finite element models. Models were assessed before and after implementation of case-specific treatment parameters for interocular differences in corneal geometry and strain behavior under physiological loading conditions.

RESULTS:
Standard clinical predictors of post-LASIK ectasia risk were similar for the affected and contralateral eyes, and no risk factor asymmetry was identified in tomographic screening that included posterior corneal elevation analysis. However, differences in the magnitude and distribution of strain and stress were observed that are consistent with greater predisposition to biomechanical instability in the affected eye. Load testing with simulated intraocular pressure increases provoked opposite trends in curvature change in the preoperative models representing affected and unaffected eyes, with steepening in the ectatic eye and flattening in the clinically stable eye.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patient-specific computational analyses revealed differences in intrinsic biomechanical behaviors that may predispose a cornea to instability after refractive surgery. Strain and stress analyses elucidated differential risk not ascertained with current refractive surgery screening paradigms. This pilot study illustrates a risk analysis approach that implicitly considers the entire corneal three-dimensional geometry and can be performed a priori in a screening setting.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(12):811–820.]
Educational Content Development Process in "CleverUniversity": Our Dynamic Adaptive Hypermedia Environment
Authors: Bouchboua Ahmed , Ouremchi Rabah , El ghazi Mohammed 
Published: December 2016

The implementation of a simple and flexible dynamic adaptive hypermedia environment meets several needs of teachers. Using a fitting system, teachers will be able to share their knowledge in chunks of content in order to create quality teaching resources.
In this paper, we propose a development approach through our simple system dedicated to teachers and learners alike taking into account the different work done on the subject. Moreover, our approach is based on the various elements of our system such as the learner’s model, the domain model, the pedagogical model, the courses generator and the multimedia database.
Our focus in this paper will be on the domain model given its importance in the development and adaptation of educational content as needed, and which consists of finding educational content related to a given field of knowledge to be adapted for a particular learner.
Multidisciplinary Project Based Learning Within a Collaborative Framework: A Case Study on Urban Drone Conception
Authors: Jacques Sébastien , Bissey Sébastien , Martin Arnaud 
Published: December 2016

Multidisciplinary project-based learning (PBL) allows multifaceted real-world problems to be resolved with solutions addressing scientific, technical, business, and social aspects. However, such a method can be very challenging in terms of project management (including planning, coordinating, and management of human, material and financial resources) and time-consuming, especially when involving several partners (academic and industrial partners).
This paper provides firsthand experience of multidisciplinary PBL implemented in France in engineering education through a case study on urban drone conception. This research project has been proceeded within a collaborative framework in which 3 specialties (electrical energy systems, industrial computing, and mechanics and systems design) of a graduate school of engineering and a start-up company are jointly involved for the first time.
This article discusses knowledge and skills that engineering students are expected to acquire at the end of the research project, and the methods of assessment. The designing, manufacturing, and experimental validation of the urban drone are described. The various steps in the project management, and the interactions with the students and partners (teachers and industrial partner) are particularly highlighted.
Qualitative and quantitative data have been collected through questionnaires, student logbooks and reports. The results demonstrate that this experience is overwhelmingly positive since it empowers and enhances student learning.
The Bluebirds: World War I Soldiers’ Experiences of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Pettigrew Judith , Robinson Katie , Moloney Stephanie 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. More is known about the experience of occupational therapists than the experience of patients during the profession’s early years. We examined soldiers’ experiences of occupational therapy in American Base Hospital 9 in France during World War I through analysis of a 53-line poem by Corporal Frank Wren contained in the unpublished memoir of occupational therapy reconstruction aide Lena Hitchcock.
METHOD. Historical documentary research methods and thematic analysis were used to analyze the poem, the memoir, and the hospital’s published history.
RESULTS. The poem describes the activities engaged in during occupational therapy, equipment used, and the context of therapy. It articulates positive dimensions of the experience of engaging in activities, including emotional benefits, diversion, and orthopedic benefits.
CONCLUSION. Previous historical research has identified core philosophical premises about the use of occupational therapy; in this article, the enactment of these principles is established through the analysis of a soldier’s account of receiving occupational therapy.
Uncertainty assessment of a dominant-process catchment model of dissolved phosphorus transfer
Authors: Dupas Rémi , Salmon-Monviola Jordy , Beven Keith J. , Durand Patrick , Haygarth Philip M. , Hollaway Michael J. , Gascuel-Odoux Chantal 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We developed a parsimonious topography-based hydrologic model coupled with a soil biogeochemistry sub-model in order to improve understanding and prediction of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transfer in agricultural headwater catchments. The model structure aims to capture the dominant hydrological and biogeochemical processes identified from multiscale observations in a research catchment (Kervidy–Naizin, 5 km2). Groundwater fluctuations, responsible for the connection of soil SRP production zones to the stream, were simulated with a fully distributed hydrologic model at 20 m resolution. The spatial variability of the soil phosphorus content and the temporal variability of soil moisture and temperature, which had previously been identified as key controlling factors of SRP solubilization in soils, were included as part of an empirical soil biogeochemistry sub-model. The modelling approach included an analysis of the information contained in the calibration data and propagation of uncertainty in model predictions using a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) "limits of acceptability" framework. Overall, the model appeared to perform well given the uncertainty in the observational data, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency on daily SRP loads between 0.1 and 0.8 for acceptable models. The role of hydrological connectivity via groundwater fluctuation and the role of increased SRP solubilization following dry/hot periods were captured well. We conclude that in the absence of near-continuous monitoring, the amount of information contained in the data is limited; hence, parsimonious models are more relevant than highly parameterized models. An analysis of uncertainty in the data is recommended for model calibration in order to provide reliable predictions.
Validation of internal reference genes for relative quantitation studies of gene expression in human laryngeal cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , He Jinting , Wang Wei , Ren Ming , Gao Sujie , Zhao Guanjie , Wang Jincheng , Yang Qiwei 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the expression stabilities of 12 common internal reference genes for the relative quantitation analysis of target gene expression performed by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in human laryngeal cancer.MethodsHep-2 cells and 14 laryngeal cancer tissue samples were investigated. The expression characteristics of 12 internal reference gene candidates (18S rRNA, GAPDH, ACTB, HPRT1, RPL29, HMBS, PPIA, ALAS1, TBP, PUM1, GUSB, and B2M) were assessed by RT-qPCR. The data were analyzed by three commonly used software programs: geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper.ResultsThe use of the combination of four internal reference genes was more appropriate than the use of a single internal reference gene. The optimal combination was PPIA + GUSB + RPL29 + HPRT1 for both the cell line and tissues; while the most appropriate combination was GUSB + RPL29 + HPRT1 + HMBS for the tissues.ConclusionsOur recommended internal reference genes may improve the accuracy of relative quantitation analysis of target gene expression performed by the RT-qPCR method in further gene expression research on laryngeal tumors.
Attributing seasonal pH variability in surface ocean waters to governing factors
Authors: Hagens M. , Middelburg J. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOn‐going ocean acidification and increasing availability of high‐frequency pH data have stimulated interest to understand seasonal pH dynamics in surface waters. Here we show that it is possible to accurately reproduce observed pH values by combining seasonal changes in temperature (T), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TA) from three time series stations with novel pH sensitivity factors. Moreover, we quantify the separate contributions of T, DIC, and TA changes to winter‐to‐summertime differences in pH, which are in the ranges of −0.0334 to −0.1237, 0.0178 to 0.1169, and −0.0063 to 0.0234, respectively. The effects of DIC and temperature are therefore largely compensatory, and are slightly tempered by changes in TA. Whereas temperature principally drives pH seasonality in low‐latitude to midlatitude systems, winter‐to‐summer DIC changes are most important at high latitudes. This work highlights the potential of pH sensitivity factors as a tool for quantifying the driving mechanisms behind pH changes.
Superconducting Detector Magnets for Particle Physics
Authors: Green Michael A. 
Published: December 2016

The article contains sections titled:The Development of Detector SolenoidsLHCDetector Magnets for theATLAS,CMS, andALICEExperimentsThe Future of Detector Magnets for Particle PhysicsThe Defining Parameters for Thin SolenoidsThin Detector Solenoid Design CriteriaMagnet Power Supply and Coil Quench ProtectionDesign Criteria for the Ends of a Detector SolenoidCryogenic Cooling of a Detector Magnet