bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerial Study of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder Adjacent to Plane Boundary Using Direct-Forcing Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Chern M. J. , Lu G. T. , Kuan Y. H. , Chakraborty S. , Nugroho G. , Liao C. B. , Horng T. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVortex-induced vibration (VIV) is an important physical phenomenon as one design a riser or a cylindrical structure in ocean. As the riser or the cylindrical structure is adjacent to a seabed, the boundary effect on VIV is not fully understood yet. The direct-forcing immersed boundary (DFIB) method is used to investigate a two-degree-of-freedom VIV of a flexible supported circular cylinder adjacent to a plane boundary in this study. Furthermore, the effect of the VIV of cylinder on skin friction of the plane boundary is investigated. The effects of varying reduced velocity and gap ratio on VIV are discussed. Only a single vortex street is found when the cylinder is close to plane boundary. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the freely vibrating cylinder are analyzed in time and spectral domains. Furthermore, nearly round oval-shaped motion is observed as the so-called lock-in phenomenon occurs. The skin friction of the plane boundary is predicted by the DFIB model. Results show that the vibrating cylinder in the boundary layer flow can reduce the friction effectively. This proposed DFIB model can be useful for the investigation of VIV of the structures under the plane boundary effect even for a small gap between the cylinder and the boundary.
The effect of team emotional intelligence on team process and effectiveness
Authors: Lee Changyu , Wong Chi-Sum 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTeam emotional intelligence is expected to have a significant impact on intrateam conflict and team effectiveness. However, to date, there has been a dearth of empirical evidence of this link. Taking a comprehensive approach, our study contributes to the literature on intrateam conflict and team emotional intelligence. Data collected from 79 teams in South Korean companies reveal that team emotional intelligence is negatively related to team process (i.e., task conflict and relationship conflict) and positively related to team effectiveness (i.e., team performance, innovation, and cohesion). In addition, team emotional intelligence has a moderating effect on decoupling task conflict and relationship conflict. Our findings also indicate that team emotional intelligence decreases the negative effects of task conflict on team effectiveness, and of relationship conflict on team cohesion. We conclude this study with a discussion of limitations and implications for future research.
Early-stage interaction between settlement and temperature-gradient metamorphism
Authors: WIESE MAREIKE , SCHNEEBELI MARTIN 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSnow metamorphism and settlement change the microstructure of a snowpack simultaneously. Past experiments investigated snow deformation under isothermal conditions. In nature, temperature gradient metamorphism and settlement often occur together. We investigated snow settlement in the first days after the onset of temperature-gradient metamorphism in laboratory experiments by means of in-situ time-lapse micro-computed tomography. We imposed temperature gradients of up to 95 K m−1 on samples of rounded snow with a density of ~230 kg m−3 and induced settlement by applying 1.7 kPa stress with a passive load on the samples simultaneously. We found that snow settled about half as fast when a temperature gradient was present, compared with isothermal conditions. The change in specific surface area after 4 days caused by temperature-gradient metamorphism was only a few percent. The viscosity evolution correlated with the amount of the temperature gradient. Finite element simulations of the snow samples revealed that stress-bearing chains had developed in the snow structure, causing the large increase in viscosity. We could show that a small change in microstructure caused a large change in the mechanical properties. This explains the difficulty of predicting snow mechanical properties in applications such as firn compaction or snow avalanche formation.
Predictive simulations of operation scenarios for EAST with METIS code
Authors: Li Y. C. , Li M. H. , Ding B. J. , Artaud J. F. , Peysson Y. , Ekedahl A. , Wang M. , Wang X. J. , Xu H. D. , Shan J. F. , Liu F. K. 
Published: July 2017

Upgraded heating and current drive (H/CD) systems have been equipped on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). With the upgraded H/CD systems, the operation space of EAST is extended, and the ability to achieve higher performance is improved. In this paper, a 0.5 dimension transport code named Minute Embedded Tokamak Integrated Simulator (METIS) is applied to predict the EAST operation space and to assess the current drive capability of the 4.6 GHz lower hybrid current drive system. Predictive simulation of several EAST scenarios, including steady-state high confinement mode (H-mode), advanced regime, high normalized beta and high electron temperature, are also performed with the available H/CD systems. The simulation results provide a guidance for forthcoming advanced EAST experiments.
Characterization of the mating-type locus (MAT) reveals a heterothallic mating system inKnightiella splachnirima
Authors: LUDWIG Lars R. , SUMMERFIELD Tina C. , LORD Janice M. , SINGH Garima 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the mating-type locus ofKnightiella splachnirima(Icmadophilaceae) using degenerate and inverse PCR techniques. We screened for the presence of both mating-type locus idiomorphs in DNA extracts of minuscule samples of haploid thalline tissue. We found that only one of the two idiomorphs was present in each sample, and the mating-type ratio (MAT1-1:MAT1-2) was very balanced, being 8:10 and 13:14 at local and global scales, respectively. This indicates that the species is probably self-incompatible and requires the presence of compatible mating partners for sexual reproduction (heterothallic mating system). Furthermore, we provide a mating-type screening protocol withK. splachnirimaspecific mating-type locus primers, which could serve as an essential tool for the conservation management of this rare Australasian endemic.
Ramalina europaeaandR. labiosorediata, two new species of theR. pollinariagroup (Ascomycota:Ramalinaceae), and new typifications forLichen pollinariusandL. squarrosus
Authors: GASPARYAN Arsen , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. , LÜCKING Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRamalina europaeaGasparyan, Sipman & Lücking andR. labiosorediataGasparyan, Sipman & Lücking, two species of theR. pollinariagroup, are described here as new to science.Ramalina europaea, widely distributed in Europe, can be distinguished by small, punctiform, often terminal soralia starting out on small, spine-like branchlets, whereasR. labiosorediatafrom North America differs fromR. pollinarias. str. andR. europaeain the almost exclusively terminal soralia formed on the tips of normal lobes, originating from the underside and becoming irregularly labriform. Morphological characters, chemistry, ecology and geographical distribution are discussed and a key to the species of theRamalina pollinariagroup is provided. The topology of a maximum likelihood tree based on ITS shows the presence of three well-supported clades, corresponding to the morphological differences of the three species. The status of several historical names variously placed in synonymy with or described as infraspecific entities ofR. pollinariais reassessed and a new neotype and an epitype are designated forLichen pollinarius, a neotype forL. squarrosus, making it a synonym ofR. farinacea, and lectotypes forR. pollinariavar.elatior, making it a synonym ofR. pollinarias. str., and for var.humilis, a taxon of yet unknown affinity.
Heterocyphelium leucampyx(Arthoniales, Ascomycota): another orphaned mazaediate lichen finds its way home
Authors: VAN DEN BROECK Dries , LÜCKING Robert , GAYA Ester , CHAVES José Luis , LEJJU Julius B. , ERTZ Damien 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHeterocypheliumis a mazaediate genus containing a single species,H. leucampyx. The species was originally described from Cuba within the genusTrachylia(Arthoniales,Arthoniaceae) and later placed in various genera of the collective orderCalicialess. lat. For the past three decades,Heterocypheliumwas considered an orphaned genus (incertae sedis) within the Ascomycota, since morphology alone could not resolve its systematic position. In this study, we added molecular data with the aim of resolving this uncertainty. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtSSU) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2) provide clear evidence thatHeterocyphelium leucampyxis nested within the orderArthoniales, in the familyLecanographaceae, sister to the genusAlyxoria.Heterocypheliumis a further example of parallel evolution of passive spore dispersal, prototunicate asci and the occurrence of a mazaedium in the Ascomycota, and another calicioid genus whose systematic placement could be eventually clarified by means of molecular data.Heterocypheliumis the fourth mazaediate genus inArthoniales, in addition toSporostigma,TylophorellaandTylophoron.
The genus Xenolecia (Lecideaceae s. lat., Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed.), including a second species in the genus from Campbell Island, New Zealand
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. , THÜS Holger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe new species Xenolecia cataractarum Fryday is described from Campbell Island. It differs from X. spadicomma, the only other species of the genus, in having much smaller apothecia and ascospores, an olivaceously pigmented epihymenium (brown in X. spadicomma), and a thallus with a non-amyloid medulla and norstictic acid (amyloid medulla and confluentic acid in X. spadicomma). Xenolecia spadicomma is reported here from several localities on the Falkland Islands and three from the Región de Los Lagos, Chile, which are the first reports of this species since its description from Isla Wellington in the south-west of Patagonia in 1868. A full description of X. spadicomma is also provided.
The genusEndocena(Icmadophilaceae): DNA evidence suggests the same fungus forms different morphologies
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. , SCHMITT Imke , PÉREZ-ORTEGA Sergio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNumerous recent studies of lichenized fungi have uncovered hidden genetic diversity within a single phenotypic entity (so-called ‘cryptic species’). Here we report the opposite situation with vastly different morphologies apparently deriving from the same genotype.Endocenais a monotypic genus known only from southern South America. The single reported species, the terricolousE. informis, is morphologically variable; the type and other collections from the west coast of Chile being subfruticose, whereas specimens from further south and east are almost crustose in form. A sorediate terricolous lichen that is frequent on the Falkland Islands was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequences as being congeneric withE. informisand, surprisingly, both taxa were recovered as congeneric with the recently described genus and speciesChirleja buckii, which is morphologically distinct from bothE. informisand the sorediate taxon. Consequently, the genusChirlejais included in the synonymy ofEndocenaand the new combinationEndocena buckiiis proposed. BecauseE. informisand the sorediate specimens have a similar thallus structure that differs radically from that ofE. buckii, the nameE. informisvar.falklandicais proposed for the sorediate taxon. Poorly developed, incipient apothecia are also described from both varieties ofE. informis, the first time that these have been reported forEndocena. We also report two lichenicolous fungi fromE. informisvar.informis, which are the first reports of lichenicolous fungi occurring on this genus.
Fantastic beasts and why to conserve them: animals, magic and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Holmes George , Smith Thomas Aneurin , Ward Caroline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is a broad set of human beliefs, attitudes and behaviours around the issue of magical animals, referring to both mythical animals not recognized by science and extant animals that are recognized by science but have magical properties. This is a broad issue ranging from spiritual beliefs around mythical animals living in Malagasy forests, to cultural heritage associated with the Loch Ness Monster in Scotland. Beliefs and behaviours around magical animals can have positive and negative impacts on biodiversity conservation goals. Yet, so far, the discipline of conservation biology has not adequately considered magical animals, neglecting to account for the broader knowledge from outside the natural sciences on this issue, and taking a narrow, utilitarian approach to how magical animals should be managed, without necessarily considering the broader impacts on conservation goals or ethics. Here we explore how magical animals can influence conservation goals, how conservation biology and practice has thought about magical animals, and some of the limitations of current approaches, particularly the failure to consider magical animals as part of wider systems of belief and culture. We argue that magical animals and their implications for conservation merit wider consideration.
Multicentre evaluation of a direct agglutination test prototype kit (DAT-LPC) for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: OLIVEIRA E. , OLIVEIRA D. , CARDOSO F. A. , BARBOSA J. R. , MARCELINO A. P. , DUTRA T. , ARAUJO T. , FERNANDES L. , DUQUE D. , RABELLO A. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYIn this study, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of a previously developed direct agglutination test (DAT) using a freeze-dried antigen derived fromLeishmania infantumpromastigotes and composed in a prototype kit for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis, named DAT-LPC. To evaluate DAT-LPC reproducibility, the kit was used to analyse 207 serum samples from VL patients and 80 serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections or healthy subjects in four laboratories from different public health institutions in Brazil. DAT-LPC showed sensitivity between 96·2 and 99·5% (P= 0·14), specificity ranging from 96·2 to 97·5% (P= 0·95), and diagnostic accuracy ranging from 96·5 to 99% (P= 0·34). The inter-laboratory reproducibility of qualitative results was classified as excellent (κindex: 0·94–0·97). The reproducibility of the end-titre results in relation to the reference laboratory, ranged from 31 to 85%. These results demonstrate an excellent performance of the DAT-LPC, and validate it for the diagnosis of VL that could replace the immunofluorescent antibody test as the routine diagnostic test in the Brazilian public health system.
Cue reactivity towards bodies in anorexia nervosa – common and differential effects in adolescents and adults
Authors: Horndasch S. , Kratz O. , Van Doren J. , Graap H. , Kramer R. , Moll G. H. , Heinrich H. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAberrant reward mechanisms with regard to slim body shapes are discussed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of the present study was to examine of cue reactivity toward body shapes in AN via the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related electroencephalography (EEG) component. By including adolescents and adults, aspects of development and chronification could be studied (2 × 2 design).MethodsThirty-two female AN patients (19 adolescents and 13 adults) and 37 control participants (16 adolescents and 21 adults) were included. Standardized photographic stimuli showing women's bodies in underwear from five body mass index (BMI) categories (extremely underweight to extremely overweight) were presented. During picture evaluation, EEG activity was recorded (10–20 system). The LPP was measured in two time windows characterized by different topographies (450–700 ms: posterior; 1000–1300 ms: central).ResultsRegarding the posterior component, LPP amplitudes were clearly reduced in adult but not in adolescent patients; for both time windows the LPP showed differential patterns over BMI categories for patients and controls. Regarding the central component, a highly significant linear decrease from extremely underweight to extremely overweight body shapes was revealed in patients and no significant modulation in control participants.ConclusionsAdolescent and adult patients show increased sustained attention toward extremely underweight bodies. In chronically ill patients, this bias appears to be accompanied by generally reduced automatic attention. The LPP findings provide a differentiated picture of aberrant cue reactivity which could be interpreted as motivated attention toward body shapes in AN.
The Trumpington Cross in context
Authors: Lucy Sam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn Anglo-Saxon gold and garnet cloisonné pectoral cross from a seventh-century bed burial at Trumpington, Cambridgeshire is the fifth such example to be found. Details of the contextual associations of the five crosses are used to argue that these artifacts, and other high status cross-shaped pendants, were overt Christian symbols, strongly associated with high status female burials of the later seventh century. That one of the five examples was associated with the burial of St Cuthbert is highlighted as an anomaly, and could indicate that the Cuthbert Cross may have been a gift, rather than a personal possession of the saint.
The composite authorship of The Dream of the Rood
Authors: Neidorf Leonard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScholarship on The Dream of the Rood has long entertained the suspicion that the poem might be the product of composite authorship. Recent criticism has tended to reject this possibility on aesthetic grounds, but the present article identifies new metrical and lexical reasons to believe that The Dream of the Rood contains contributions from at least two poets. It reconstructs the poem's textual history and contends that lines 1–77 represent an original core to which a later poet added lines 78–156.
The Burghal Hidage and the West Saxon burhs: a reappraisal
Authors: Haslam Jeremy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article examines new evidence and arguments relating to the political, strategic and historical context of the Burghal Hidage document and the burhs which it lists. This evidence can be best interpreted by reference to the thesis that the Burghal Hidage was a near-contemporary record of a complete system of burhs which gave King Alfred political and strategic control of the full extent of the West Saxon kingdom on both sides of the river Thames at a particular period. The burhs are seen as the instruments through which the submission of the populations of their associated territories to the king's lordship was consolidated. As such, their formation as a system is uniquely appropriate to the political and strategic circumstances obtaining in the late 870s. A possible context for the document is suggested as being the surviving ‘boundary’ section of a longer ‘charter of submission’, issued by King Alfred in the context of the affirmation of his re-established hegemony of the Kingdom of the West Saxons in the period 878–9.
Hybrid forms: translating Boethius in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCritics have long wondered about the setting and intent of the Old English translation of Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae, first into prose and then into prosimetrum. This article situates the dual translation within the broader context of ninth- and tenth-century literary culture, challenging the received view of the two versions as separate projects and arguing instead that the Old English Boethius was conceived and received as a vernacular opus geminatum, or ‘twinned work’. While the opus geminatum and the prosimetrum are generally thought to maintain distinct generic identities, this case study allows for a more capacious understanding of both modes, which I demonstrate were inescapably linked in Anglo-Saxon circles – and which were shaped by a broader aesthetic of prose-verse mixture.
Liturgy or private devotion? Reappraising Warsaw, Biblioteka Narodowa, I. 3311
Authors: Dyson Gerald P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScholars have typically characterized Warsaw, Biblioteka Narodowa, I. 3311, an unlocalized Anglo-Saxon gospel lectionary of the late tenth or early eleventh century, as a book intended for use in private devotional reading. Despite this, a study of the contents of the book indicates that it was used liturgically, possibly by an individual priest or a small clerical community. This article offers a reappraisal of the manuscript and its use based on the complementary pattern of gospel readings that is evident in the two sections of the book and the presence of previously unnoticed musical notation. It is argued that the volume was in fact used in the celebration of mass and should be added to the corpus of Anglo-Saxon liturgical books.
The Ely memoranda and the economy of the late Anglo-Saxon fenland
Authors: Naismith Rory 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConsisting of six short Old English texts written in the early eleventh century, the Ely memoranda illustrate how a major and recently refounded Benedictine abbey managed its landed endowment. Two of the memoranda relate to generous help provided by Ely to Thorney, and four concern Ely's own lands. The collection as a whole reveals much about interaction between monasteries, monastic perspectives on material resources and investment in them, the economy of eastern England, and the context of record-keeping. This article offers a new edition and translation of the texts, and surveys the contribution the memoranda make to understanding of cultural and economic history.
Passive surveillance of United Kingdom bats for lyssaviruses (2005–2015)
Authors: WISE E. L. , MARSTON D. A. , BANYARD A. C. , GOHARRIZ H. , SELDEN D. , MACLAREN N. , GODDARD T. , JOHNSON N. , MCELHINNEY L. M. , BROUWER A. , AEGERTER J.N. , SMITH G.C. , HORTON D. L. , BREED A. C. , FOOKS A.R. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYPassive surveillance for lyssaviruses in UK bats has been ongoing since 1987 and has identified 13 cases of EBLV-2 from a single species;Myotis daubentonii. No other lyssavirus species has been detected. Between 2005 and 2015, 10 656 bats were submitted, representing 18 species, creating a spatially and temporally uneven sample of British bat fauna. Uniquely, three UK cases originate from a roost at Stokesay Castle in Shropshire, England, where daily checks for grounded and dead bats are undertaken and bat carcasses have been submitted for testing since 2007. Twenty per cent of Daubenton's bats submitted from Stokesay Castle since surveillance began, have tested positive for EBLV-2. Phylogenetic analysis reveals geographical clustering of UK viruses. Isolates from Stokesay Castle are more closely related to one another than to viruses from other regions. Daubenton's bats from Stokesay Castle represent a unique opportunity to study a natural population that appears to maintain EBLV-2 infection and may represent endemic infection at this site. Although the risk to public health from EBLV-2 is low, consequences of infection are severe and effective communication on the need for prompt post-exposure prophylaxis for anyone that has been bitten by a bat is essential.