bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOOXYGENATION OF INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACIDS AND INDOLE‐3‐ACETALDEHYDES: BIOMIMETIC CONVERSION OF INDOLES INTO QUINOLINES VIA N1‐C2 FISSION
Authors: IHARA M. , NOGUCHI K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWährend die Photooxidation der substituierten lndolylessigsäuren (I) mit Singulett‐Sauerstoff nach Behandlung‐ der primär gebildeten liydroperoxide (II) mit Dimethylsulfid in Hydroxylaetone (ill) übergehen, liefert die gleiche Behandlung der lndolylacetaldehyde (IV) 4‐Aeylchin0line (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF N′‐ALKYLNICOTINIUM SALTS
Authors: SHIBAGAKI M. , MATSUSHITA H. , KANEKO H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas aus Nicotin (I) durch Umsetzung mit Benzylbromid (II) hergestellte N‐Benzylnicotiniumbromid (III) reagiert mit AI‐ kylhalogeniden (IV) in hohen Ausbeuten zu bis‐quaternären Niootiniumsalzen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐HYDROXYMETHYL‐1,4‐DIOXANE
Authors: TSIVUNIN V. S. , ZARIPOVA V. G. , BIKULOVA V. ZH. , ZYKOVA V. V. , KAPUSTINA I. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie literaturbekannte Titelverbindung (III) wird dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN DERIVATIVES OF 3‐ARYL‐4(3H)‐QUINAZOLINONES. PART I
Authors: SHANKAR C. R. , RAO A. D. , REDDY E. J. , REDDY V. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSynthesis and Biological Activities of Certain Derivatives of 3‐Aryl‐4(3H)‐quinazoIinones.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYSTYRENE‐BASED DEBLOCKING‐SCAVENGING AGENTS FOR THE 9‐FLUORENYLMETHYLOXYCARBONYL AMINO‐PROTECTING GROUP
Authors: CARPINO L. A. , MANSOUR E. M. E. , CHENG C. H. , WILLIAMS J. R. , MACDONALD R. , KNAPCZYK J. , CARMAN M. , LOPUSINSKI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVernetzte Polystyrole (I) werden mit mono‐geschütztem Piperazin (II) nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe am Piperazin zu den Derivaten (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: MESOIONIC SIX‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. VI. REACTIONS OF 6‐OXO‐6H‐1,3‐OXAZIN‐3‐IUM‐4‐OLATES WITH CARBODIIMIDES
Authors: FRIEDRICHSEN W. , SCHILDBERG M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie mon0‐ und laicyelischen Oxaziniumolate (I) reagieren mit Carbodiimiden (II) zu Dihydrooxazin‐Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH IN SITU PRODUCTION OF HETERO‐1,3‐DIENES: 4H‐1,3,5‐OXADIAZINE FROM PERHALOKETONES AND CYANAMIDES
Authors: BURGER K. , SIMMERL R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie früher angegebene Strukturzuordnuiig des aus halogenierten Aeetonen (I) und ("yunamiden (II) erhaltenen Reziktionsprodtikles erwies sich als falsch und wird im Sinne des 4H‐I ,3,S‐Oxudiazin‐Derivates (V) bewiesen und korrigiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BRIDGED‐PHENOXAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: MOTOHASHI N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractI)ie Reaktion des Benzyloxynitrobenzoylehlorids (I) mit den agp‐Alkylendiaminen (II) liefert die Bis‐amide (III), die sich durch katalytische Hydrierung zu den Anthruniltimiden (IV) reduzieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CONDENSATION OF N‐HOMOPIPERONYL‐N‐(DIALKYLPHOSPHORYL)GLYCINE UNDER THE CATALYSIS OF LEWIS ACID
Authors: ZHAO Y.‐F. , XI S.‐K. , TIAN Y.‐F. , SONG A.‐T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den Phosphiten (I) und den Phenethylaminen (II) erhält man mit Triethylamin die Amide (III), die mit NaH und Chloressigsäure zu (IV) acyliert und mit Trifhaoraeetanhydrid zu (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ALKYLTHIO, CYCLOALKYLTHIO, AND CYCLOALKYL DISULFIDES BY OXIDATION OF MERCAPTO THIO ETHERS, BISMERCAPTO THIO ETHERS, AND BISMERCAPTO ALKANES WITH IODINE AND TRIETHYLAMINE
Authors: WEISSFLOG E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Methylthiothiole (I) lassen sich mit Iod/Triethylamin zu den Disulfiden (II) kuppeln.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF α‐SILYLOXY HYDROPEROXIDES FROM THE REACTION OF SILYL ENOL ETHERS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: SAITO I. , NAGATA R. , YUBA K. , MATSUURA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyelohexanon (I) liefert den Silylenolether (II), der mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Säuren wie Trifluoressigsäure zu dem Hydroperoxid (III) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XXI. PREPARATION OF ORGANOBROMOPHOSPHINES FROM RPCL2 AND R2PCL BY HALOGEN EXCHANGE
Authors: HINKE A. , KUCHEN W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Dichlorphosphane (I) mit PBr3 oder HBr‐Gas liefert die Bromphosphane (II) in sehr guten Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: A DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF 1‐CYCLOALKENYLPHOSPHONATES
Authors: BANERJEE S. , ENGEL R. , AXELRAD G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den (L′ycl0alkanonen (I) mit PCl5/POCl3 leicht darstellbaren l‐(′hloreyeloalkene (II) reagieren mit Triethylphosphit/Ctxßr zu den Cycloalkenylphosphonaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CHEMISTRY OF PHOSPHORUS. 125. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF F THE TRIORGANYLNONAPHOSPHANES(3) TRIISOPROPYLNONAPHOSPHANE(3) AND TRI‐TERT‐BUTYLNONAPHOSPHANE(3)
Authors: BAUDLER M. , AKTALAY Y. , KAZMIERCZAK K. , HAHN J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den aufgezeichneten Reaktionen wird die Isopropyl‐Verbindung (IIa) analysenrein und die tert.‐Butyl‐Verbindung (IIb) stark angereichert säulenchromatographisch (A1203) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2‐MERCAPTO‐2‐THIOXO‐1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHOLANES AND DIOXAPHOSPHORINANES
Authors: CHAUHAN H. P. S. , BHASIN C. P. , SRIVASTAVA G. , MEHROTRA R. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Glykole (I) mit P385 erhält man die cyclischen Thiophosphorsäurediester (ll).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF BICYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH A PHOSPHORUS‐PHOSPHORUS BOND
Authors: ROESKY H. W. , AMIRZADEH‐ASL D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der 1:1‐molaren Umsetzung des tetrasubstituierten llarn‐ Stoffes (I) mit P‐trichlorid entstehen die bicyclischen Produkte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐MARITIMOL, (.+‐.)‐2‐DEOXYSTEMODINONE, (.+‐.)‐STEMODINONE, AND (.+‐.)‐STEMODIN
Authors: MARINI BETTOLO R. , TAGLIATESTA P. , LUPI A. , BRAVETTI D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem Enon (I) wird das Methansulfonat (XII) synthetisiert, dessen solvolytische Umlagerung zu den Titelverbindungen (XIV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOSENSITIZED OXYGENATION OF ABIETA‐7,9(11)‐DIEN‐13β‐OL
Authors: ZELNIK R. , RABENHORST E. , HAIDER A. , LAUTERWEIN J. , WYLER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch Dehydratisierung entsteht aus dem Diol (I) ein trennbares Gemisch aus der Titelverbindung (II) und dem Trien (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN (2R,4′R,8′R)‐α‐TOCOPHEROL, (25S,26)‐DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL, (‐)‐(1S,5R)‐FRONTALIN AND (‐)‐(R)‐LINALOOL
Authors: BARNER R. , HUEBSCHER J. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Darstellungen von (‐)‐(1S,5R)‐Frontalin (IV) und von (‐)‐(3R)‐Linalol (XI) aus dem Cs‐Baustein (I) bzw. aus dem C4‐Baustein (V) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: METHYL ABIETATE EPOXIDES AND THEIR REACTION PRODUCTS
Authors: SILKO YU. A. , RALDUGIN V. A. , MAMATYUK V. I. , SHMIDT E. N. , PENTEGOVA V. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBehandeln der Titelverbindung ( l") mit Persäure nach Literaturverfahren liefert die beiden Epoxide (II) und (III), deren weitere Epoxidierung die Diepoxide (IV) bzw. (VI) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: A‐RING NITRATION OF ESTRONE
Authors: SANTANIELLO E. , RAVASI M. , FERRABOSCHI P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractÖstron (I) liefert bei der Nitrierung mit dem N‐Nitropyrazol (II) im wesentlichen die beiden Nitro‐Verbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb), während unter drastischeren Bedingungen, speziell mit rauchender Salpetersäure, auch das Dinitro‐Derivat (IIIc) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 11‐ AND 15‐OXYGENATED STEROIDS. THE COURSE OF 8,14‐DIENES OXIDATION BY CHROMIC ACID
Authors: ANASTASIA M. , ALLEVI P. , FIECCHI A. , GALLI G. , GARIBOLDI P. , SCALA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Cholestadien (I), dem Dien (IX) bzw. dem ungesättigten Alkohol (VI) werden verschiedene Oxidationsprodukte in der angegebenen Weise hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENT OF STEROIDAL EPOXIDES AND OPENING OF STEROIDAL KETALS BY ALKYLLITHIUMS
Authors: HOLLAND H. L. , JAHANGIR JAHANGIR 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Behandlung mit Butyllithium erhält man aus dem Epoxy‐ketal (I) einen ungesättigten Alkohol (II), der zum Keton (III) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE. XVI. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF α‐DECANOYLPENTAPEPTIDES RELATED TO COLISTIN. V
Authors: KURIHARA T. , ITO H. , TSUTIDA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie nach bekannten Methoden dargestellten α‐Decanoylgentagegtide (I) zeigen antibakterielle Wirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYHALOGENO SUGARS. REACTION OF HALIDE IONS WITH 1,2,3,4‐TETRA‐O‐ACETYL‐6‐O‐((TRIFLUOROMETHYL)SULFONYL)‐β‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE
Authors: AMBROSE M. G. , BINKLEY R. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus 1,2,3,4‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranose (II) erhält man bei der Acylierung das Pyridiniumsalz (I), während in Gegenwart von Trimethylpyridin das Triflat (III) entsteht, das mit Tetrabutylammoniumhalogeniden zu (IVa)‐(IVd) bzw. entsprechend auch zu Sulfinaten wie (IVe) und (IVf) substituiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID RELATED COMPOUNDS. 43. A CONVENIENT PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐ AND 3′‐KETONUCLEOSIDES
Authors: HANSSKE F. , ROBINS M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAls Oxidationsmittel für Hydroxygruppen in Nucleosiden zu Keto‐nucleosiden wird eine Kombination (I) aus Chromtrioxid, Pyridin und Acetanhydrid (l : 2 : l) eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROENKEPHALINS. PART 7. A POTENT DEHYDROLEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN RESISTANT TO CARBOXYPEPTIDASE
Authors: SHIMOHIAGASHI Y. , STAMMER C. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie nach üblichen Verfahren schrittweise dargestellten Tetrapeptide (I) und die geschützte Aminosäure (II) reagieren zu den Verbindungen (IIIa), welche nach Deblockierung die gewünschten Pentapeptide (IIIb) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Angiotensin‐II Analogues. Part l. Synthesis and Incorporation of the Halogenated Amino Acids 3‐(4′‐Iodophenyl)alanine, 3‐(3′,5′‐Dibromo‐4′‐chlorophenyl)alanine, 3‐(3′,4′,5′‐Tribromophenyl)alanine, and 3‐(2′,3′,4′,5′,6′‐Pentabromophenyl)alanine.
Authors: LEDUE R. , BERNIER M. , ESCHER E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDurch elektrophile Bromierung der Aminosäure (Ia) [→(Ib)] und nachfolgende entsprechende Sandmeyer‐Reaktion werden die Verbindungen (Ic) bzw. (Id) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLIC SULFONAMIDO PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOG
Authors: JONES D. N. , LUMBARD K. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN‐Brom‐N‐methylmethansulfamid (Ia) liefert bei der Photolyse mit dem entsprechenden Olefin das Addukt (Ib), das zum Alkohol (Ic) und seinem Ether (Id) reduziert bzw. zur Säure (le) hydrolysiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTICS: SYNTHESIS OF 6‐PHENOXYACETYLOXY‐1‐CARBAPEN‐2‐EM O‐NITROBENZYL ESTER
Authors: KAMETANI T. , HUANG S.‐P. , CHU S.‐D. , HONDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Azetidinon (I) wird über das Mesy‐ Iat (II) das Olefin (III) hergestellt und durch Ozonolyse und Reduktion in ein (Remiseh der beiden Alkohole (IV) und (V) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE S1‐C2 BOND CLEAVAGE REACTION OF PENICILLINS BY CARBENE REACTION: SYNTHESIS OF PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KANAYA N. , MOCHIZUKI T. , HONDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Penicilline (l ) lassen sich durch Behandeln mit Diazomalonat (II) in Gegenwart von katalytischen Mengen Rhodiumacetat zu l ,2seco‐Penicillin‐Derivaten (III) spalten.
A Facile Approach to Covalently Functionalized Graphene Nanosheet Hybrids and Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Jifang , Zong Peisong , Chen Liya , Dong Xing , Shang Dapeng , Yu Wenqi , Shi Liyi , Deng Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHomogeneous dispersion and a good interface between polymer and filler is crucial to obtain high‐performance polymer composites. In this work, we use a novel method employing organic aminopropyl‐functionalized nanosilica sols (OAS‐sols) to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) and thereby synthesize OAS covalently grafted graphene hybrid nanosheets (OAS‐graphene). The spherical OAS covalently attached on the two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheet GO surfaces creates OAS‐graphene hybrids, which have large surface areas and homogeneous amino active sites distributed on the nanosheets. The OAS‐graphene gave an improved dispersion and interface compatibility as well as a decreased thermal interfacial resistance. As a result, the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were significantly improved at low loading while maintaining high electrical insulative properties.
An Exposure‐Response Modeling Approach to Examine the Relationship Between Potency of CYP3A Inducer and Plasma 4β‐Hydroxycholesterol in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Jiang Xuemin , Dutreix Catherine , Jarugula Venkateswar , Rebello Sam , Won Christina S. , Sun Haiying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this analysis were to establish the exposure‐response relationship between plasma rifampicin and 4β‐hydroxycholesterol (4βHC) concentration and to estimate the effect of weak, moderate, and potent CYP3A induction. Plasma rifampicin and 4βHC concentration‐time data from a drug‐drug interaction study with rifampicin 600 mg were used for model development. An indirect response model with an effect compartment described the relationship between rifampicin and 4βHC concentrations. The model predicted that the equilibration t1/2 and 4βHC t1/2 were 72.8 and 142 hours, respectively. EM50 and Emax of rifampicin induction were 32.6 μg and 8.39‐fold, respectively. The population PK‐PD model was then used to simulate the effects of rifampicin 10, 20, and 100 mg on plasma 4βHC for up to 21 days, in which rifampicin 10, 20, and 100 mg were used to represent weak, moderate, and strong inducers, respectively. The model‐predicted median (5th, 95th percentiles) 1.13 (1.04, 1.44)‐, 1.28 (1.10, 1.71)‐, and 2.10 (1.45, 3.49)‐fold increases in plasma 4βHC after 14‐day treatment with rifampicin 10, 20, and 100 mg, respectively. A new drug candidate can likely be classified as a weak, moderate, or strong inducer if baseline‐normalized plasma 4βHC increases by <1.13‐, 1.13‐ to 2.10‐, or >2.10‐fold, respectively, after 14 days of dosing.
High‐Throughput Preparation of New Photoactive Nanocomposites
Authors: Conterosito Eleonora , Benesperi Iacopo , Toson Valentina , Saccone Davide , Barbero Nadia , Palin Luca , Barolo Claudia , Gianotti Valentina , Milanesio Marco 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew low‐cost photoactive hybrid materials based on organic luminescent molecules inserted into hydrotalcite (layered double hydroxides; LDH) were produced, which exploit the high‐throughput liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) method. These materials are conceived for applications in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a co‐absorbers and in silicon photovoltaic (PV) panels to improve their efficiency as they are able to emit where PV modules show the maximum efficiency. A molecule that shows a large Stokes’ shift was designed, synthesized, and intercalated into LDH. Two dyes already used in DSSCs were also intercalated to produce two new nanocomposites. LDH intercalation allows the stability of organic dyes to be improved and their direct use in polymer melt blending. The prepared nanocomposites absorb sunlight from UV to visible and emit from blue to near‐IR and thus can be exploited for light‐energy management. Finally one nanocomposite was dispersed by melt blending into a poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) copolymer to obtain a photoactive film.
Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Humins in Mixtures of Formic Acid/2‐Propanol with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Wang Yuehu , Agarwal Shilpa , Kloekhorst Arjan , Heeres Hero Jan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Erik Heeres at the University of Groningen. The image shows how solid byproducts (humins) from sugar conversion in a biorefinery can be converted to a humin oil that contains interesting low‐molecular‐weight biobased components. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201501371.
Benzopyrazinoisoindigo or Its Reduced Form? Synthesis, Clarification, and Application in Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Zhiyuan , Ai Na , Pei Jian , Liu Yunqi , Wan Xiaobo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBenzopyrazinoisoindigo, a pigment reported 40 years ago, should be a good candidate for n‐type semiconductors if the reported structure is correct. Reinvestigation of this molecule revealed that it is actually (4H,4′H)‐benzopyrazinoisoindigo, which could be considered as the reduced form of benzopyrazinoisoindigo, and hence, it is a good candidate for p‐type semiconductors. The route toward the synthesis of this molecule was optimized, and a mechanism was accordingly proposed. A field‐effect transistor based on this material showed a hole mobility up to 2.5 × 10–2 cm2 V–1 s–1.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the thermal response of multilayer glass fibre/unsaturated polyester/organoclay composite
Authors: Nguyen Quynh T. , Ngo Tuan D. , Bai Yu , Tran Phuong 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYOrganoclay glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) nanocomposites are fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding. The unsaturated polyester resin is prepared with and without organoclay involving mechanical mixing, sonication, dilution solvent and heat treatment. Three levels of organophilic clay content are added, and its influences on the fire performance of composite samples are investigated. A novel numerical procedure combining pyrolysis analysis of the organoclay‐composites and the fire dynamic simulation of the combustion process are developed to validate the thermal responses obtained from the cone calorimetry experiments. Kinetic parameters obtained from the TGA tests and pyrolysis analyses are used as inputs for the models measuring the fire growth index and total heat release. To account for multilayer composite structure and organoclay distribution, three numerical models are proposed including composite (CPS), component (CPN) and CPN‐layer models. While CPS model assumes the homogeneity of the composite, later models consider multilayer effects with uniform (CPN model) or concentrated (CPN‐layer model) distribution of organoclay. Numerical results are compared with experimental ones in terms of total heat release, fire growth index. Finally, the fire resistance and total smoke release of the polyester/glass composites with the addition of organoclay will be evaluated taking into account influences of the fabrication processes.
POD–Galerkin monolithic reduced order models for parametrized fluid‐structure interaction problems
Authors: Ballarin Francesco , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a monolithic approach for reduced‐order modeling of parametrized fluid‐structure interaction problems based on a proper orthogonal decomposition–Galerkin method. Parameters of the problem are related to constitutive properties of the fluid or structural problem, or to geometrical parameters related to the domain configuration at the initial time. We provide a detailed description of the parametrized formulation of the multiphysics problem in its components, together with some insights on how to obtain an offline–online efficient computational procedure through the approximation of parametrized nonlinear tensors. Then, we present the monolithic proper orthogonal decomposition–Galerkin method for the online computation of the global structural displacement, fluid velocity, and pressure of the coupled problem. Finally, we show some numerical results to highlight the capabilities of the proposed reduced‐order method and its computational performances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary cardiac lymphoma: diagnosis, treatment and outcome in a modern series
Authors: Carras Sylvain , Berger Françoise , Chalabreysse Lara , Callet‐Bauchut Evelyne , Cordier Jean‐François , Salles Gilles , Girard Nicolas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrimary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) represents a rare subset of extranodal lymphomas for which the primary lesion arises from the heart and/or the pericardium. Fundamental characteristics of PCL remain uncertain, regarding optimal diagnosis strategy, pathological features, treatments, as well as prognostic factors. This is a single‐institution retrospective study of patients with histologically proven lymphoma, presenting with exclusive or predominant myocardial invasion at time of diagnosis. Thirteen patients were included, all of whom had symptoms related to cardiac tumour location with chronic chest pain in six (46%), dyspnea in seven (54%) and arythmia in three (23%). Sub‐acute and acute congestive heart failure were noticed in respectively nine (70%) and one (9%). PCL was identified at transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography scan in 80 and 100% of patients, respectively. Most frequent location was the right atrium in 10 (77%) patients. Pericardial effusion was identified in 10 (77%). Pathological diagnosis—diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in 12 cases and Burkitt in 1 case—was made on cardiac surgical biopsies in 9 cases and by intravascular procedure in 2 cases. All patients received first‐line chemotherapy, with a complete response rate of 62%. Recurrences occurred in 55% of patients, mostly at extracardiac extranodal sites. Our data confirm that PCL harbours specific clinical and anatomical features. The aggressiveness of PCL mainly results from the possible onset of acute cardiac events. Further molecular characterization may help to further individualize PCL among diffuse and intrathoracic lymphomas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust analysis of the determinants of healthcare expenditure growth: evidence from panel data for low‐, middle‐ and high‐income countries
Authors: Younsi Moheddine , Chakroun Mohamed , Nafla Amine 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper examines the determinants of healthcare expenditure for low‐, middle‐ and high‐income countries, and it quantifies their influences in order to assess policies for achieving universal health coverage. We elaborate two models, a fixed‐effect model and the dynamic panel model, to estimate the factors associated with the total health expenditure growth as well as its major components for 167 countries over the period of 1993–2013. The panel data on total health expenditure per capita and its components were taken from the World Development Indicators. Overall, our results showed that total health expenditure per capita is rising in all countries over time as a result of rising incomes. However, our estimates showed that the income elasticity of health expenditure ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 in the fixed‐effect static panel model, while in the dynamic panel model, it was smaller and ranged from 0.16 to 0.47. Our empirical findings indicate that development assistance for health reduced government domestic spending on health but increased total government health spending. Our results also indicate that the trend in health expenditure growth is significantly depending with the country's economic development. In addition, out‐of‐pocket expenditure is powerfully influenced by a country's capacity to increase general government revenues and social insurance contributions. Knowledge of factors associated to health expenditure might help policy makers to make wise judgments, plan health reforms and allocate resources efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.