bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Annulation with 1‐Alkynylphosphine Sulfides: A Mild and Regioselective Access for the Synthesis of Bulky Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Jie , Xu Hong , Song Haibin , Wang Baiquan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe title reaction of N‐pivaloyloxybenzamides (I) and (IV) with acetylenes (II) and (VI) in the presence of CsOAc as base furnishes exclusively or mainly the product regioisomers (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkyl Styryl Selenides in One‐Pot: A Straightforward Approach by in situ Dialkyl Diselenide Formation under Transition Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Heredia Adrian A. , Penenory Alicia B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe facile one‐pot three‐step protocol involves the in situ formation of dialkyl diselenides and subsequent reaction with styryl halides under reductive conditions to give vinyl selenides with retention of the double bond configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Scopariusicides, Novel Unsymmetrical Cyclobutanes: Structural Elucidation and Concise Synthesis by a Combination of Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Pu Jian‐Xin , et al.  
Published: April 2016

AbstractScopariusicides A (I) and B (II), two novel immunosuppressive natural products, are isolated and their structures are elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Leonuketal, a Spiroketal Diterpenoid from Leonurus japonicus
Authors: Xiong Liang , Zhou Qin‐Mei , Zou Yike , Chen Ming‐Hua , Guo Li , Hu Guan‐Ying , Liu Zhao‐Hua , Peng Cheng 
Published: April 2016

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and vasorelaxant activity
ChemInform Abstract: New Securinega Alkaloids with anti‐HIV Activity from Flueggea virosa.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhang Chuan‐Rui , Han Ying‐Shan , Wainberg Mark A. , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNine novel Securinega alkaloids are isolated including flueggenines as monomers (I) and dimers (II), and new trimers such as (III), named fluevirosines.
ChemInform Abstract: Flueggether A and Virosinine A, anti‐HIV Alkaloids from Flueggea virosa.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhu Kong‐Kai , Han Ying‐Shan , Luo Cheng , Wainberg Mark A. , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFlueggether A (I), the first example of Securinega alkaloid oligomers with an ether bridge, and virosinine A (II), possessing a novel heterocyclic backbone, exhibit weak in vitro anti‐HIV activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Skeleton Compound Allomyrinanoid A and Two Purine Alkaloids from the Adult of Allomyrina dichotoma L.
Authors: Niu Lanlan , Gao Jiayu , Li Haidi , Liu Junna , Yin Weiping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree new compounds are isolated from the adult insect Allomyrina dichotoma L.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Butenolide, Diphenyl Ether, and Benzophenone Derivatives from the Fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03‐11.
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , et al.  
Published: April 2016

AbstractFive new polyketides (Ia), (Ib), (II), (III), and (IV) are isolated from the wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03‐11 together with 11 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds.
Authors: Weiss Fabian , Kubel Frank , Galvez Oscar , Hoelzel Markus , Parker Stewart F. , Baloh Philipp , Iannarelli Riccardo , Rossi Michel J. , Grothe Hinrich 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the frame of determining the exact phase composition of stratospheric clouds and its formation mechanisms, evidence for the predicted metastable phase α‐HNO3·3H2O (alpha‐NAT) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcining Temperatures of Sr1‐3xEuxDy2xAl2O4 (x = 0—0.12) Phosphors Prepared Using the Potassium Carbonate Coprecipitation Method.
Authors: Liang Chen‐Jui , Siao Hao‐Yi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe title phosphors are prepared by the potassium carbonate coprecipitation method followed by calcination.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide as a Lead‐Free, Stable Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Solar Absorber.
Authors: Hoye Robert L. Z. , et al.  
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhase‐pure (MeNH3)3Bi2I9 (MBI) thin films are deposited on borosilicate or quartz glass substrates via first spin coating a BiI3 solution in DMF and annealing (100 °C, 30 min) and secondly, spin coating a MeNH3I solution in anhydrous iPr‐OH on top followed by annealing (100 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Enolate Chemistry at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Authors: Ciez Dariusz , Palasz Aleksandra , Trzewik Bartosz 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: [recent developments in the field of titanium(IV)‐mediated aldol, aldol‐like, Mannich, and Michael reactions, radical alkylation, oxidative couplings, and Morita—Baylis—Hillman reactions with special emphasis on the last fifteen years; 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Scenario on Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Chemical Intermediate
Authors: Mohana Roopan Selvaraj , Patil Shashikant Malagoud , Palaniraja Jeyakannu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: [recent developments of synthesis and reactivity of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, manly contributions after 2007; 108 refs.].
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction Processes in Biosynthesis of Chlorophyll Molecules: Chemical Implication of Enzymatically Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrogenations in the Late Stages of Their Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Tamiaki Hitoshi , Teramura Misato , Tsukatani Yusuke 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: 76 refs.
Benefits of microwave heating method in production of activated carbon
Authors: Namazi Azadeh B. , Allen D. Grant , Jia Charles Q. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work investigates the chemical activation of a biochar sample using microwaves with KOH and NaOH. The activation of char samples was carried out in a microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz with a power input of 1200 W. The specific surface area (SSA), yield (%), and pore size distribution were studied for microwave activation with KOH and NaOH. In microwave‐assisted activation, the activation yields for NaOH and KOH activation were in the ranges of 40–70 % and 60–80 %, respectively. The NaOH‐activation takes 1.5 h in a furnace to fabricate an activated carbon with a SSA of 2600 m2 · g−1. However, in microwave activation, a 5 min activation with a power of 1200 W results in activated carbon with a SSA of 1900 m2 g−1. The activation yield and SSA are mainly controlled by impregnation ratio in microwave‐assisted activation because KOH and NaOH were the sources of heat for the activation reaction. In this work, the microwave activation increased the reaction rate by 15 times compared to the furnace activation. Microwaves have a “non‐thermal effect” on the kinetic parameters of chemical activation reactions. This effect was more evident in the case of NaOH microwave activation, probably because it is a more reactive compound compared to KOH.
The Role of Coping Change in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Process‐Outcome Analysis on Dialectical‐Behaviour Skills Training
Authors: Kramer Ueli 
Published: April 2016

Difficulty in emotion regulation is a hallmark feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Skills training concepts based on dialectical‐behaviour therapy (DBT) are common and effective treatment options for specifically addressing lacking skills in emotion regulation. However, so far it is unclear which aspects of coping change over the course of DBT skills training and if these coping strategies predict symptom change. The present process‐outcome analysis, based on a randomized controlled study, aims at investigating these questions, by referring to a general conception of coping and by using an observer‐rated approach to assess coping strategies directly in the therapy sessions. In total, n = 31 patients with BPD underwent two individual clinical interview assessments (pre‐ and post‐study intervention; half of the patients underwent DBT skills training, half were in a wait‐list control). All individual assessment sessions were transcribed and analysed using the Coping Action Pattern Rating Scale. Outcome was assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention using the Outcome Questionnaire‐45.2 and the Borderline Symptom List 23. The results showed increase in overall coping functioning in patients who underwent the DBT skills training, compared with the controls, and specific increases in relatedness coping where the stress is appraised as challenge, along with specific decreases in autonomy coping where the stress is appraised as threat. These changes predicted changes in general distress and borderline symptomatology. The results are interpreted within a general framework aiming at understanding the psychological effects of treatments for BPD, in particular effects related to coping. Effective emotion regulation strategies may therefore be important candidates as potential change mechanisms in treatments for BPD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

It seems important for clinicians to assess the quality of coping strategies as they occur within the session facing a patient with borderline personality disorder.
Clinicians may foster the emergence of support‐seeking and self‐reliance coping strategies in order to increase the effectiveness of therapy.
Clinicians may monitor closely the patient's use of ineffective emotion regulation strategies, in particular opposition and submission, with the aim of reducing them early in therapy.
Protein Interaction Profile Sequencing (PIP‐seq) in Plants
Authors: Anderson Stephen J. , Willmann Matthew R. , Gregory Brian D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRNA secondary structure and RNA‐protein interactions are necessary for maintaining biological functionality and regulatory mechanisms within eukaryotic transcriptomes. Determining the structural characteristics and protein‐bound sites of RNA molecules has therefore become a major research objective and requires the development of global methods for probing intra‐ and intermolecular RNA interaction sites. Sequencing RNAs treated with single‐strand‐ and double‐strand‐specific ribonucleases in the absence of proteins allows the inference of RNA secondary structure. These samples can be compared to samples treated with nucleases in the presence of interacting proteins to identify protein‐bound sequences. Thus, these four libraries reveal a comprehensive, transcriptome‐wide view of RNA secondary structure and RNA protein interaction sites in a single experiment for any plant species of interest. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Two New Armtype Polyoxometalates Grafted on Titanium Dioxide Films: Towards Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Sun Hang , Guo Li‐Ying , Li Jian‐Sheng , Bai Jian‐Ping , Su Fang , Zhang Lan‐Cui , Sang Xiao‐Jing , You Wan‐Sheng , Zhu Zai‐Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo new carboxyethyltin‐functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) were successfully obtained and confirmed with physicochemical and spectroscopic methods including X‐ray crystallography. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of both compounds are higher in energy than that of TiO2, and the optical band gaps of these compounds are smaller than that of TiO2. Grafting them onto a TiO2 film created two kinds of novel photoanode materials that showed significantly enhanced photovoltaic and photocurrent responses, as well as improved photoelectrooxidation activities for methanol relative to that shown by a single TiO2 film. Further, P2W15‐Co‐SnR produced the largest photocurrent by exploring the photoelectric activities of a series of carboxyethyltin POM derivatives. This work provides new insight into the photoelectrochemical functionalization of POM‐based organic–inorganic hybrids.
Seasonal phenotype‐specific transcriptional reprogramming during metamorphosis in the European map butterfly Araschnia levana
Authors: Vilcinskas Andreas , Vogel Heiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) is a classic example of seasonal polyphenism because the spring and summer imagoes display two distinct morphological phenotypes. The light regime and temperature during larval and prepupal development determine whether or not the pupae commit to diapause and overwintering and thus whether spring or summer imagoes emerge. We used suppression subtractive hybridization to experimentally screen for genes that are differentially expressed in prepupae committed either to accelerated metamorphosis and egg production or diapause and overwintering. The range and ontology of the differentially expressed genes in prepupae developing from larvae exposed either to long‐day (LD) or short‐day (SD) conditions revealed fundamental differences. The SD prepupae preferentially expressed genes related to cuticle formation and immunity, reflecting the formation of a robust pupal exoskeleton and the upregulation of antimicrobial peptides as preparations for overwintering. One protein preferentially expressed in SD prepupae has a counterpart in Bombyx mori that functions as a diapause duration clock. The differentially expressed genes in LD prepupae included several members of the dusky and osiris families. We also observed the strong induction of different yellow‐like genes under SD and LD conditions which suggest a role in the developmental choice between seasonal phenotypes. Our transcriptomic data will facilitate the more detailed analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying seasonal polyphenism.
Is my study system good enough? A case study for identifying maternal effects
Authors: Holand Anna Marie , Steinsland Ingelin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate how simulation studies can be used to answer questions about identifiability and consequences of omitting effects from a model. The methodology is presented through a case study where identifiability of genetic and/or individual (environmental) maternal effects is explored. Our study system is a wild house sparrow (Passer domesticus) population with known pedigree. We fit pedigree‐based (generalized) linear mixed models (animal models), with and without additive genetic and individual maternal effects, and use deviance information criterion (DIC) for choosing between these models. Pedigree and R‐code for simulations are available. For this study system, the simulation studies show that only large maternal effects can be identified. The genetic maternal effect (and similar for individual maternal effect) has to be at least half of the total genetic variance to be identified. The consequences of omitting a maternal effect when it is present are explored. Our results indicate that the total (genetic and individual) variance are accounted for. When an individual (environmental) maternal effect is omitted from the model, this only influences the estimated (direct) individual (environmental) variance. When a genetic maternal effect is omitted from the model, both (direct) genetic and (direct) individual variance estimates are overestimated.
Detritivore diversity promotes a relative contribution rate of detritus to the diet of predators in ponds
Authors: Fukumori Kayoko , Yoshizaki Erina , Takamura Noriko , Kadoya Taku 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTheory suggests that bottom‐up effects of resource diversity to upper trophic levels increases ecosystem functioning. In particular, energy flux from the detritus to other organisms in an ecosystem affects food web dynamics. To our knowledge, no empirical studies have examined how detritivore diversity alters the energy flux to upper trophic levels in a food web. Here we test the hypothesis that the greater diversity of litter‐consuming detritivores promotes energy flow between the resource and top predators in agricultural ponds using stable isotope analysis. We found that the diversity and abundance of detritivores had a significant positive effect on the relative contribution rate of detritus to the diet of predators, even after confounding effects were controlled for. In addition, the number of functional feeding groups of detritivores was significantly correlated with the contribution of detritus to the diet of predators, and particularly, high functional diversity of detritivores increased the energy flow from the detritus to the detritivores compared to the flow from the detritivores to the predators. It is likely that high functional diversity within species induces complementarity effects on decomposition and this may be a potential mechanism leading to diversity effects on the energy flow in detritus‐based food web. Our study is the first to demonstrate bottom‐up effects of detritivore diversity on energy flow in food webs.
Airborne laser altimetry and multispectral imagery for modeling Golden‐cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) density
Authors: Sesnie Steven E. , Mueller James M. , Lehnen Sarah E. , Rowin Scott M. , Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRobust models of wildlife population size, spatial distribution, and habitat relationships are needed to more effectively monitor endangered species and prioritize habitat conservation efforts. Remotely sensed data such as airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) and digital color infrared (CIR) aerial photography combined with well‐designed field studies can help fill these information voids. We used point count‐based distance sampling survey data and LiDAR‐fusedCIRaerial photography to model density of the Golden‐cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), an endangered songbird, on the 10 000‐ha Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR). We developed a novel set of candidate models to explain Golden‐cheeked Warbler detection probability and density using habitat covariates characterizing vegetation structure, composition, and complexity as well as habitat fragmentation, topography, and human infrastructure. We had the most model support for covariates calculated using focal means representing a 3.2 ha territory size (100 m radius) vs. 1.8 and 7.0 ha territory sizes. Detection probability decreased with canopy cover and increased with topographic roughness. Golden‐cheeked Warbler density increased with canopy cover, was highest at a 7:3 ratio of Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) to broadleaf tree canopy cover, and decreased with global solar radiation. Predicted warbler densities using 3 min point counts were similar to six estimates from independently collected warbler territory mapping onBCNWRwith a mean difference of 6% and a Root Mean Squared Error of 1.88 males/40 ha. The total population size forBCNWRwas estimated at 884 Golden‐cheeked Warbler males (95%CI662, 1206) and predicted densities across the refuge ranged from 0.0 to 0.50 male warblers per ha. On the basis of observed habitat relationships, we defined high quality habitat as having at least 60% canopy cover with Ashe juniper comprising 50–90% of the canopy. We estimated 48% of the area atBCNWRmanaged for Golden‐cheeked Warblers was in high quality habitat conditions and identified patches within the lower habitat quality areas (14% of warbler management areas) that had the greatest potential to become high quality habitat with management. Our approach combined robust wildlife surveys with highly scalable remotely sensed data to examine habitat relationships, estimate population size, and identify existing areas of high quality habitat. This method can be applied to other species of conservation interest and can be used with multiple years of remotely sensed data to assess changes in habitat at local to regional scales.
Anthropogenic noise weakens territorial response to intruder's songs
Authors: Kleist Nathan J. , Guralnick Robert P. , Cruz Alexander , Francis Clinton D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNoise pollution degrades natural acoustic conditions, potentially interfering with bird communication. However, exactly how noise impacts the ability of the signal receiver to detect and discriminate vocalizations from conspecifics remains understudied in field settings. We performed a natural experiment to determine the effect of noise pollution on the territory‐defense behaviors of two emberizid sparrows exposed to carefully constructed playbacks of conspecific intruder songs. Although all birds reacted to the playbacks, response latency increased with noise levels. This suggests that noise interferes with signal reception and may indicate impaired signal discrimination. We place these results in the context of a receiver's “listening area” and the significant impact of noise pollution on this receiver‐centric perceptual acoustic range. This work informs conservation efforts and provides a much needed field‐based examination of the disruptive impact of noise pollution on behaviors directly related to reproduction and fitness.
A data‐driven, machine learning framework for optimal pest management in cotton
Authors: Meisner Matthew H. , Rosenheim Jay A. , Tagkopoulos Ilias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite the significant effects of agricultural pest management on crop yield, profit, environmental quality, and sustainability, farmers oftentimes lack data‐driven decision support to help optimize pest management strategies. To address this need, we curated a comprehensive data set that consists of pest, pest management, and yield information from 1498 commercial cotton crops in California's San Joaquin Valley between 1997 and 2008. Using this data set, we built a Markov decision process model to identify the optimal management policy of a key cotton pest, Lygus hesperus, that balances the tradeoff between yield loss and the cost of pesticide applications. Our results show that pesticide applications targeting L. hesperus are only economically optimal during the first 2 weeks of June, and pesticide applications were associated with increased risk of an unprofitable harvest. About 46% of the observations in our data set involved at least one pesticide application outside of this optimal window, demonstrating the need for a data‐driven approach to crop management. Sensitivity analyses on parameter perturbations and reduced data set sizes suggest that our methodology provides a robust policy‐making tool, even in noisy data sets.
Grassland compost amendments increase plant production without changing plant communities
Authors: Ryals Rebecca , Eviner Valerie T. , Stein Claudia , Suding Katharine N. , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCompost amendment to grassland is a novel strategy proposed and demonstrated to increase ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the effects of compost applications on biomass production and plant diversity are not well known. We assessed impacts of a one‐time compost amendment over 4 yr on plant dynamics in two grazed grassland ecosystems in California: a coastal prairie and valley grassland. The valley grassland was dominated by exotic annual grasses and had significantly lower species diversity than the coastal prairie, which consisted of a mix of perennial and annual grasses and forbs. We observed large and persistent increases in aboveground biomass. Over the 4 study years, aboveground biomass from compost‐amended plots increased by 76% ± 21% at the valley grassland and 41% ± 21% at the coastal prairie, compared with controls. Plant N content was also greater from compost‐amended plots. There were no major shifts in species richness or abundance at either grassland site. Overall, plant communities at both grasslands were relatively resistant to the compost addition, but responses of some individual species were observed. Notably at the valley grassland, the abundance of forbs decreased slightly, while the abundance of grasses increased. The abundance of two noxious weeds did not change as a result of the compost amendment. Our results suggest that a single application of composted organic matter used to sequester C provided cobenefits to grassland plant dynamics. The compost amendments produced sustained increases in plant productivity and forage production as well as plant N content without greatly affecting the diversity of these exotic annual grasslands.