bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposing multiple dimensions of stability in global change experiments
Authors: Hillebrand Helmut , Langenheder Silke , Lebret Karen , Lindström Eva , Östman Örjan , Striebel Maren 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEcological stability is the central framework to understand an ecosystem's ability to absorb or recover from environmental change. Recent modelling and conceptual work suggests that stability is a multidimensional construct comprising different response aspects. Using two freshwater mesocosm experiments as case studies, we show how the response to single perturbations can be decomposed in different stability aspects (resistance, resilience, recovery, temporal stability) for both ecosystem functions and community composition. We find that extended community recovery is tightly connected to a nearly complete recovery of the function (biomass production), whereas systems with incomplete recovery of the species composition ranged widely in their biomass compared to controls. Moreover, recovery was most complete when either resistance or resilience was high, the latter associated with low temporal stability around the recovery trend. In summary, no single aspect of stability was sufficient to reflect the overall stability of the system.
First report on the emergency dance of Apis ceranajaponica, which induces odorous plant material collection in response to Vespa mandarinia japonica scouting
Authors: Fujiwara Ayumi , Sasaki Masami , Washitani Izumi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPreviously, we observed several instances in which Apis cerana japonica performed dancing around the hive entrance and smeared plant materials there immediately after scouting of Vespa mandarinia japonica. In this study, we conducted a series of attack simulation experiments with three hornet species to investigate whether the hive entrance dance is a specific response to V. m. japonica scouting. We also tracked dancing bees and dance‐follower bees to observe whether they perform hive entrance smearing. Only V. m. japonica scouting induced dancing, and we confirmed that dancing and dance‐follower bees performed smearing behavior at the hive entrance. These results suggest that the hive entrance dance informs nestmates of a specific emergency and of the urgent need to collect odorous plant materials as a counter‐attack strategy.
Methodological standards and interpretation of video‐electroencephalography in adult control rodents. A TASK1‐WG1 report of theAES/ILAETranslational Task Force of the ILAE
Authors: Kadam Shilpa D. , D'Ambrosio Raimondo , Duveau Venceslas , Roucard Corinne , Garcia‐Cairasco Norberto , Ikeda Akio , de Curtis Marco , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Kelly Kevin M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn vivo electrophysiological recordings are widely used in neuroscience research, and video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) has become a mainstay of preclinical neuroscience research, including studies of epilepsy and cognition. Studies utilizingvEEGtypically involve comparison of measurements obtained from different experimental groups, or from the same experimental group at different times, in which one set of measurements serves as “control” and the others as “test” of the variables of interest. Thus, controls provide mainly a reference measurement for the experimental test. Control rodents represent an undiagnosed population, and cannot be assumed to be “normal” in the sense of being “healthy.” Certain physiologicalEEGpatterns seen in humans are also seen in control rodents. However, interpretation of rodentvEEGstudies relies on documented differences in frequency, morphology, type, location, behavioral state dependence, reactivity, and functional or structural correlates of specificEEGpatterns and features between control and test groups. This paper will focus on the vEEG of standard laboratory rodent strains with the aim of developing a small set of practical guidelines that can assist researchers in the design, reporting, and interpretation of future vEEG studies. To this end, we will: (1) discuss advantages and pitfalls of common vEEG techniques in rodents and propose a set of recommended practices and (2) present EEG patterns and associated behaviors recorded from adult rats of a variety of strains. We will describe the defining features of selected vEEG patterns (brain‐generated or artifactual) and note similarities to vEEG patterns seen in adult humans. We will note similarities to normal variants or pathological human EEG patterns and defer their interpretation to a future report focusing on rodent seizure patterns.
Methodological standards and functional correlates of depth in vivo electrophysiological recordings in control rodents. A TASK1‐WG3 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE
Authors: Hernan Amanda E. , Schevon Catherine A. , Worrell Gregory A. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Kahane Philippe , de Curtis Marco , Ikeda Akio , Quilichini Pascale , Williamson Adam , Garcia‐Cairasco Norberto , Scott Rod C. , Timofeev Igor 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper is a result of work of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. The aim is to provide acceptable standards and interpretation of results of electrophysiological depth recordings in vivo in control rodents.
Mesocosm experiments reveal the direction of groundwater–surface water exchange alters the hyporheic refuge capacity under warming scenarios
Authors: Folegot Silvia , Krause Stefan , Mons Raphael , Hannah David M. , Datry Thibault 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Climate change is expected to affect hydrologic and thermal regimes of river ecosystems. During dry periods when river flows decrease and water temperatures increase, the hyporheic zone (HZ) can provide a refuge to surface aquatic invertebrates and enhance the resilience capacity of riverine ecosystems. However, shifts from up‐ to downwelling flow conditions in the HZ could jeopardise this capacity.

Using laboratory mesocosms and high‐resolution fibre‐optic distributed temperature sensing, we explored the combined effects of five different increased surface water temperature treatments (from 15 to 27°C at 3°C intervals) and the direction of water exchange on the ability of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) to migrate into the HZ as a response to warming. We determined the survival rates of this ubiquitous hyporheic dweller and its rates of consumption of alder (Alnus glutinosa; Betulaceae) leaf litter in the HZ.

Results showed that at increasing surface water temperature, leaf‐litter breakdown was observed at a greater depth in the sediments under downwelling flow conditions, that is, G. pulex migrated deeper into the HZ compared with upwelling conditions, resulting in greater survival rates (64 ± 11 vs. 44 ± 10%). However, under both upwelling and downwelling conditions, we found evidence for potential use of the hyporheic zone as a thermal refuge for G. pulex. Below sediment depths of 25 cm, temperatures remained low (<22°C) even when surface waters were at 27°C, so temperatures deep in the hyporheic zone never exceeded critical thermal thresholds for G. pulex.

This study provides evidence that alterations to the direction of groundwater–surface water exchange can alter the capacity of the HZ to provide a refuge for benthic invertebrates, thereby affecting the resilience of river communities to warming under climate change.
How much do direct livestock emissions actually contribute to global warming?
Authors: Reisinger Andy , Clark Harry 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAgriculture directly contributes about 10%–12% of current global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, mostly from livestock. However, such percentage estimates are based on global warming potentials (GWPs), which do not measure the actual warming caused by emissions and ignore the fact that methane does not accumulate in the atmosphere in the same way as CO2. Here, we employ a simple carbon cycle‐climate model, historical estimates and future projections of livestock emissions to infer the fraction of actual warming that is attributable to direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions now and in future, and to CO2 from pasture conversions, without relying on GWPs. We find that direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions caused about 19% of the total modelled warming of 0.81°C from all anthropogenic sources in 2010. CO2 from pasture conversions contributed at least another 0.03°C, bringing the warming directly attributable to livestock to 23% of the total warming in 2010. The significance of direct livestock emissions to future warming depends strongly on global actions to reduce emissions from other sectors. Direct non‐CO2 livestock emissions would contribute only about 5% of the warming in 2100 if emissions from other sectors increase unabated, but could constitute as much as 18% (0.27°C) of the warming in 2100 if global CO2 emissions from other sectors are reduced to near or below zero by 2100, consistent with the goal of limiting warming to well below 2°C. These estimates constitute a lower bound since indirect emissions linked to livestock feed production and supply chains were not included. Our estimates demonstrate that expanding the mitigation potential and realizing substantial reductions of direct livestock non‐CO2 emissions through demand and supply side measures can make an important contribution to achieve the stringent mitigation goals set out in the Paris Agreement, including by increasing the carbon budget consistent with the 1.5°C goal.
Germ cell tumour growth patterns originating from clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium: a comparative immunohistochemical study favouring their origin from somatic stem cells
Authors: Nogales Francisco F , Prat Jaime , Schuldt Maolly , Cruz‐Viruel Nelly , Kaur Baljeet , D'Angelo Emanuela , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Vidal August , McCluggage W Glenn , Oosterhuis J Wolter 
Published: November 2017

AimsTo report a series of 11 ovarian and one endometrial neoplasm in elderly patients with mixed clear cell tumour and germ cell tumour (GCT) components, to compare their immunohistochemical profiles and demonstrate a putative stem cell population.Methods and resultsThe clear cell tumours included 11 clear cell carcinomas (CCC) and one borderline clear cell tumour, while the GCT always included glandular yolk sac tumour (YST). In four cases, there were also foci of teratoma with immature neuroepithelial and endodermal tissues and undifferentiated areas showing true embryoids. To distinguish between the clear cell and YST components, the following antibodies were used: HNF1‐β, napsin‐A, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), PAX8, EMA, AFP, SALL4, villin, glypican‐3 (GPC‐3), GATA3, HepPar‐1, OCT4, CDX2, CD30 and SOX2. HNF1‐β, CK7, EMA and GPC‐3 were often expressed in both components. Other markers had higher specificity for each cellular lineage; napsin‐A and PAX8 were expressed only in CCC, while SALL4, villin, AFP and HepPar‐1 were positive in the glandular YST component but negative in the clear cell component. OCT4 expression occurred in six of 10 cases and consistently in teratoma (four of four).ConclusionsThere is considerable immunophenotypical overlap between the two components in these mixed neoplasms, and a panel of markers should be used to facilitate the distinction. We propose that OCT4‐expressing somatic cancer cells differentiate into GCT and represent spontaneously induced pluripotent stem cells, possibly conditioned by age‐related epigenetic factors. These neoplasms have features of prepubertal type GCT showing lack of 12p gain, preponderance of YST and coexistence with immature neuroectoderm. However, there may also be undifferentiated stem cell areas with embryoid bodies, of the type seen in postpubertal testicular GCT, but lacking a complete embryonal carcinoma immunophenotype.
Antiretroviral pill count and clinical outcomes in treatment‐naïve patients with HIV infection
Authors: Young J , Smith C , Teira R , Reiss P , Jarrín Vera I , Crane H , Miro JM , D'Arminio Monforte A , Saag M , Zangerle R , Bucher HC ,   the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART‐CC)
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTreatment guidelines recommend single‐tablet regimens for patients with HIV infection starting antiretroviral therapy. These regimens might be as effective and cost less if taken as separate drugs. We assessed whether the one pill once a day combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir reduces the risk of disease progression compared with multiple‐pill formulations of the same regimen.MethodsWe selected treatment‐naïve patients starting one‐, two‐ or three‐pill formulations of this regimen in data from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. These patients were followed until an AIDS event or death or until they modified their regimen. We analysed these data using Cox regression models, then used our models to predict the potential consequences of exposing a future population to either a one‐pill regimen or a three‐pill regimen.ResultsAmong 11 739 treatment‐naïve patients starting the regimen, there were 386 AIDS events and 87 deaths. Follow‐up often ended when patients switched to the same regimen with fewer pills. After the first month, two pills rather than one was associated with an increase in the risk of AIDS or death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01‐1.91], but three pills rather than two did not appreciably add to that increase (HR 1.19; 95% CI 0.84‐1.68). We estimate that 77 patients would need to be exposed to a one‐pill regimen rather than a three‐pill regimen for 1 year to avoid one additional AIDS event or death.ConclusionsThis particular single‐tablet regimen is associated with a modest decrease in the risk of AIDS or death relative to multiple‐pill formulations.
Investigation of pH effect on cationic solute binding to keratin and partition to hair
Authors: Li L. , Yang S. , Chen T. , Han L. , Lian G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveIn the process of hair treatment, various cationic actives contained in hair care products can be absorbed into hair fibre to modulate the physicochemical properties of hair such as colour, strength, style and volume. There have been very limited studies on the binding and partition properties of hair care actives to hair. This study aimed to investigate the pH effects on cationic solute absorption into hair and binding to keratin.MethodsThe keratin binding and hair partition properties of three cationic solutes (theophylline, nortriptyline and amitriptyline) have been measured at different pH using fluorescence spectroscopy and equilibrium absorption experiment. The binding constants, thermodynamic parameters and hair‐water partition coefficients determined at different pH were compared and analysed.ResultsIncreasing the pH from 2.0 to 6.0 resulted in the net charge of hair keratin changed from positive to negative. As a consequence, the binding constants of the three cationic solutes with keratin increased with the increasing pH. This correlated with the variation of the electrostatic interaction between cationic solutes and keratin from repulsion to attraction. The positive ΔH and ΔS values indicated that hydrophobic interaction also played a major role in the binding of the three cationic solutes to keratin. There was a good correlation between solutes binding to keratin and hair–water partition of solutes.ConclusionIt appears that solute binding to hair keratin is driven first by hydrophobic interaction and then by electrostatic interaction. The fitted thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrophobic interaction dominates for the binding of the three cationic solutes to keratin. That binding of cationic solutes to keratin correlates with the partition of the solutes to hair could provide theoretical guidance for further developing mathematical models of hair partition and penetration properties.
The efficacy of supplementary sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator®system determined by removal of a collagen film from anex vivomodel
Authors: Bryce G. , MacBeth N. , Gulabivala K. , Ng Y‐L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of sonic irrigation (EndoActivator®) using various polymer tips and power settings in a stained collagenex vivomodel.MethodologyThe root canals of fifty human, straight single‐rooted extracted teeth were prepared to size 40, .08 taper. The roots were split longitudinally; stained collagen applied to the canal surfaces, photographed and re‐assembled. The canals were subjected to syringe without supplementary (group 1,n = 10) or with supplementary sonic (groups 2–5,n = 10) irrigation. EndoActivator®tip sizes (size 15, .02 taper for groups 2 and 3; size 35, .04 taper for groups 4 and 5) and power settings (low for groups 2 and 4; high for groups 3 and 5) were tested. After irrigation, the canals were re‐photographed and the area of residual stained collagen was quantified using theUTHSCAImage Tool program (Version 3.0). The data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and general linear mixed models.ResultsSupplementary sonic irrigation using EndoActivator®resulted in significantly (P < 0.0001) less residual collagen compared with syringe irrigation only. Agitation of irrigant using the large EndoActivator®tip with high power resulted in significantly less (22.4% – 29.5%) residual collagen compared to other combinations (large tip/low powerP = 0.001; small tip/low powerP = 0.01; small tip/high powerP = 0.04). There was no significant difference amongst the latter three groups (P > 0.5).ConclusionsSupplementary sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator®system was significantly more effective in removing stained collagen from the canal surface than syringe irrigation alone. EndoActivator®used with large tip (size 35, .04 taper) and high power setting in size 40, .08 taper canals was more effective than other combinations.
Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts synthesize C‐reactive protein and Th‐related cytokines in response to interleukin (IL)‐6 trans‐signalling
Authors: Hernández‐Caldera A. , Vernal R. , Paredes R. , Veloso‐Matta P. , Astorga J. , Hernández M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo characterize the potential of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) to synthesize CRP and Th‐related cytokines in response to IL‐6 in periodontal health and apical inflammation.MethodologyPrimary HPLF stimulated with IL‐6, soluble(s) IL‐6 receptor (R) and controls were assayed for CRP, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg‐related cytokines by quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IL‐6R mRNA expression and its soluble protein levels were screened in HPLF cultures, and ex vivo samples of healthy periodontal ligaments (n = 5) and apical lesions (n = 13). Data were analysed with ANOVA or unpaired t‐test.Results0.5 ng mL−1 IL‐6 plus 1 ng mL−1 of its soluble receptor (sIL‐6R) for 24 h was effective in inducing CRP production. IL‐6 alone had a mild dose‐dependent effect; co‐stimulation with sIL‐6R significantly enhanced this effect, whereas it was completely abolished by the addition of IL‐6R blocking antibody (P < 0.05). Similarly, higher mRNA expression and protein levels of Th1, Th17 and partially Treg‐related cytokines were found for IL‐6 combined with its soluble receptor versus the nonstimulated group and IL‐6R antibody (P < 0.05). IL‐6R mRNA expression was slightly induced by IL‐6 compared to THP‐1 cells, but sILR‐6 protein could not be detected in HPLF. High sIL‐6R levels were detected in apical lesions and were immunolocalized to mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating epithelium.ConclusionIL‐6 trans‐signalling induced Th1 and Th17‐related cytokines and represents an extra‐hepatic mechanism for PCR synthesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, contributing to explain the bone‐destructive phenotype of apical lesions and eventually its systemic complications.
Macroeconomic volatility and trade in OLG economies
Authors: Le Riche Antoine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of free‐trade integration on the dynamical properties of economies. We formulate a two‐country, two‐good, two‐factor overlapping generations model where countries only differ with respect to their discount rate. The main contribution of this paper is to show that opening up to international trade may have a destabilizing effect. In particular, we prove that, under perfect mobility of labor and capital between countries, sunspot cycles can occur in the trade regime although one country is characterized by saddle‐point stability in the autarky regime.
Improvement of tenderness and water holding capacity of spiced beef by the application of ultrasound during cooking
Authors: Zou Yunhe , Zhang Wangang , Kang Dacheng , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of power ultrasound‐assisted (0, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 W, frequency of 20 kHz) cooking (80, 100, 120 min) on spiced beef. The results showed that power ultrasound could significantly increase the salt content (P < 0.05). For water holding capacity, the ultrasonic treatment could significantly reduce the pressure loss and free water content while improving the immobilised water content (P < 0.05). And ultrasonic treatment improved hardness compared with control (P < 0.05). However, the effects on the springiness, the chewiness and the resilience of the spiced beef were not significant (P > 0.05). As for microstructure, the myofibrils of beef were ruptured by ultrasonic treatment along with the Z‐lines leading to the muscle swelling. The results indicated that the application of ultrasound during cooking could effectively promote the penetration of salt, improve the water holding capacity and ameliorate the tenderness of spiced beef.
Caution needed in introduction of provisional approvals for medicines
Authors: Pace Jessica , Ghinea Narcyz , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Australian government recently released its response to the Review of Medicines and Medical Devices Regulation, accepting most recommendations. One recommendation involves the introduction of provisional approvals for perceived life‐saving and innovative new treatments, allowing these to be approved on the basis of more limited data on the condition that further safety and efficacy data (including real‐world evidence) are collected to determine whether full approval should be granted. However, experience with similar schemes overseas raises significant questions about the safety and efficacy of products made available through these pathways. These uncertainties are compounded by the challenges associated with the collection and use of ‘real‐world’ data and the difficulty of withdrawing products from the market once patients and clinicians become familiar with them. Although there may be good reasons to provide patients with earlier access to medicines on the basis of provisional evidence (including providing treatment options and hope to patients with serious illnesses), we must exercise caution in order to protect both current and future patients from potentially harmful and futile treatments and ensure that healthcare systems use their resources wisely.
Sleep disordered breathing: management update
Authors: Mohammadieh Anna , Sutherland Kate , Cistulli Peter A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe term sleep disordered breathing encompasses a spectrum of abnormalities, including snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), central sleep apnoea (CSA), respiratory‐related arousals and hypoventilation. This review focuses on both OSA and CSA. It provides a clinical update of recent advances in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of these two conditions. An increasing array of treatment modalities, particularly for OSA, broadens the opportunity for personalised therapy tailored to the individual patient.