bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Elective Neck Dissection in T1/T2N0M0 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Vázquez Alejandro , Marchiano Emily , Sanghvi Saurin , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo 
Published: May 2016

Objective/HypothesisThe aim of this population‐based study is to analyze the survival benefits of elective neck dissection (END) over neck observation in T1/T2N0M0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OT‐SCC) cases.Study DesignRetrospective administrative database analysis.Subjects and MethodsThe SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) was queried for patients diagnosed with T1/T2N0M0 OT‐SCC from 1998 to 2011. Data included patient demographics, initial treatment, and survival outcomes. The Kaplan‐Meier model and the Cox proportional hazards model were utilized for survival analysis.ResultsOut of 7010 T1/T2N0M0 cases, END was performed in 1770 T1 and 950 T2 cases, and the neck was observed in 3278 T1 and 1001 T2 cases. Significantly poorer 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were noted for the neck observation group when compared with the END group for tumors with moderately differentiated (72.1% vs 86%, P <. 0001) and poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (55.6% vs 71.5%, P =. 0001) histologic grades. No significant survival benefit was seen between the END group and the neck observation group when tumor size was <1 cm, regardless of histology grade. However, those with tumors >1 cm had a significantly better 5‐year DSS with END, except for the well‐differentiated tumor cohort, which showed improved survival only when the tumors were >2 cm (5‐year DSS: END vs neck observation, 83.5% vs 65.7%, P =. 0002).ConclusionEND improves DSS versus neck observation in T1/T2N0M0 OT‐SCC patients with moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated histologic grade tumors >1 cm. Those with well‐differentiated tumors benefited from END only when tumor size was >2 cm.
Racial Differences of Pigmentation in the Human Vestibular Organs
Authors: Erbele Isaac D. , Lin Frank R. , Agrawal Yuri , Francis Howard W. , Carey John P. , Chien Wade W. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesMelanin pigmentation is present in the human inner ear. In this study, we quantify the melanin pigmentation in the vestibular system and examine racial differences of vestibular melanin pigmentation using human cadaveric temporal bone specimens.Study DesignBasic research.SettingLaboratory.Subjects and MethodsLight microscopy was used to examine specimens from 40 left temporal bones from the Johns Hopkins Human Temporal Bone Collection. Color images of (1) ampulla of the horizontal canal, (2) utricular wall, (3) endolymphatic duct, and (4) posterior ampullary nerve as it enters the posterior canal were acquired with a digital camera attached to the microscope and image acquisition software. Acquired images of each anatomic area of interest were processed offline through ImageJ. Melanin content was then compared according to ethnicity, age, sex, and location.ResultsFifteen African American and 25 Caucasian specimens were analyzed. Mean age was 68.8 years. African American specimens had a significantly greater amount of pigment at all 4 sampled locations as compared with Caucasian specimens (P <. 01). Between sexes, there was a statistically significant difference (P <. 05) at the posterior ampullary nerve, with males having more than females. Melanin content was not associated with age.ConclusionsThere is greater melanin pigmentation within the vestibular system of African Americans than in Caucasians, similar to what has been described in the cochlea. Racial differences in vestibular physiologic function have been observed in the literature and may be explained by differences in melanin pigmentation.
High leptin levels are associated with migraine with aura
Authors: Pisanu Claudia , Preisig Martin , Castelao Enrique , Glaus Jennifer , Cunningham Janet L , Del Zompo Maria , Merikangas Kathleen R , Schiöth Helgi B , Mwinyi Jessica 
Published: May 2016

Background Migraine is a prevalent disorder characterised by recurrent headache attacks preceded or accompanied by aura in a subgroup of patients. Migraine often occurs together with major depressive disorder (MDD). Alterations of adipokine levels have been reported both in migraine and in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the associations between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and migraine or migraine subtypes. Analyses were adjusted for a lifetime history of MDD in order to investigate the association between adipokines and migraine under consideration of depression status. Methods We included 3025 participants from the CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The impact of leptin and adiponectin levels on a diagnosis of migraine was analysed by binary regression analyses, adjusting for variables known to influence adipokine levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the presence of aura. Results Crude leptin levels were significantly higher in subjects with migraine than controls (Mann–Whitney U = 515,102, p = 6 × 10−7). When performing adjusted analyses, leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in subjects with migraine (odds ratio = 1.22, p = 0.024) and migraine with aura (odds ratio = 1.34, p = 0.004). Conclusion High leptin levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine and migraine with aura.
Use of Computer Drug-Drug Interaction Program for Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions and Related Therapeutic Problems
Authors: Hood Jerry C. , Miller Jon R. 
Published: May 2016

Pharmacies currently using computers to detect drug-drug interactions may not be fully utilizing the computers' programs. Potential drug-disease interactions and some potential adverse drug reactions not traditionally defined as interactions can be detected by extending the basic concept of cross-referencing. For example, certain clinically important ADRs are readily detected by cross-referencing drugs which are often used to treat the results of specific ADRs with certain causative agents. The potential therapeutic implications of such a system when restricted to clinically significant ADRs can be readily appreciated, especially in situations where the pharmacist's time in patient-care areas is limited. This concept is currently being practiced at Bayfront Medical Center, and has added a new dimension to the clinical services provided by the pharmacy. It seems likely that detection of therapeutic situations in this manner may be appropriate in other hospital settings.
Colloids Vs. Crystalloids—A Continuing Controversy
Authors: Dasta Joseph F. , Ross Adrienne D. , Angaran David M. 
Published: May 2016

The crystalloid vs. colloid controversy is based on a disagreement as to the most effective, safest, and most economical method of maintaining an effective plasma volume in shock patients. This review discusses Starling's law of fluid movement, with a definition of each term in the normal physiological state, and presents examples of how each component of Starling's law differs in the two major types of pulmonary edema: (1) cardiogenic and (2) noncardiogenic. The colloid-crystalloid literature is reviewed briefly with an emphasis on the major studies that support each side, and the deficiencies in each study. The arguments supporting each side of the crystalloid-colloid debate are then listed, with a summary that demonstrates the areas of agreement between the two schools of thought on fluid resuscitation. Each major colloid (albumin, dextran, hetastarch) and a representative crystalloid (lactated Ringer's) are discussed in terms of their chemistry; pharmacology and indications; and precautions, adverse reactions, and side effects. A table is included that summarizes the available products' data regarding composition, volume expansion, duration of expansion, half-life, metabolism, elimination, precautions, adverse reactions, and dose.
Pharmacotherapy of Eating Disorders: A Critical Review
Authors: Bond William S. , Crabbe Sarah , Sanders Michael C. 
Published: May 2016

The pharmacotherapy of anorexia nervosa and bulimia are critically reviewed. No chemical treatment has been shown effective for anorexia nervosa. Antidepressants with a low incidence of annoying adverse reactions (e.g., desipramine) may be used as initial drug therapy in patients with concomitant depression. Cyproheptadine also is an attractive agent for initial therapy consideration in anorectics because of its relative safety. Both uncontrolled and controlled trials have found antidepressant drugs effective in bulimia, and they represent the pharmacotherapy of first choice. Alternative drug therapies include anticonvulsants (phenytoin and carbamazepine) and lithium. However, these agents need further controlled trials to substantiate their efficacy.
Allele‐specific transcriptional activity of the variable number of tandem repeats of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with idiopathic achalasia
Authors: Sarnelli Giovanni , Grosso Michela , Palumbo Ilaria , Pesce Marcella , D’Alessandro Alessandra , Zaninotto Giovanni , Annese Vito , Petruzzelli Raffaella , Izzo Paola , Sepulveres Rossana , Bruzzese Dario , Esposito Giuseppe , Cuomo Rosario 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundPolymorphisms of genes involved in the regulation of the immune response are risk factors for achalasia, but their contribution to disease pathogenesis is unknown. Nitric oxide is involved both in immune function and inhibitory neurotransmission.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to assess the association and the functional relevance of the CCTTT‐inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2 ) gene promoter polymorphism in achalasia.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from 181 achalasia patients and 220 controls. Genotyping of the (CCTTT)n repeats was performed by PCR and capillary electrophoresis, and data analyzed by considering the frequency of the different alleles. HT29 cells were transfected with iNOS luciferase promoter‐reporter plasmids containing different (CCTTT)n.ResultsThe alleles’ distribution ranged from 7 to 18, with a peak frequency at 12 repeats. Analysis of the allele frequencies revealed that individuals carrying 10 and 13 CCTTT repeats were respectively less and more frequent in achalasia (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.5 and OR 1.6, 95% CI 1–2.4, all p  < 0.05). Long repeats were also significantly associated with an earlier onset of the disease (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13–2.53, p  = 0.01). Transfection experiments revealed a similar allele‐specific iNOS transcriptional activity.ConclusionThe functional polymorphism (CCTTT) of NOS2 promoter is associated with achalasia, likely by an allele‐specific modulation of nitric oxide production.
Radiation Oncology Practice: Adjusting to a New Reimbursement Model
Authors: Konski Andre , Yu James B. , Freedman Gary , Harrison Louis B. , Johnstone Peter A.S. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Use of hypofractionation is increasing in radiation oncology because of several factors. The effects of increasing hypofractionation use on departments and staff currently based on fee-for-service models are not well studied. Methods: We modeled the effects of moving to hypofractionation for prostate, breast, and lung cancer and palliative treatments in a typical-sized hospital-based radiation oncology department. Year 2015 relative value unit (RVU) data were used to determine changes in reimbursement. The change in number of fractions was used to model the effects on machine volume, staff time, and workforce predictions. Results: The per-case marginal reduction in technical revenue was $1,777, $4,297, $9,041, and $9,498 for palliative and breast, prostate, and lung cancer cases, respectively. The physician reduction per case in RVUs was 5.22, 10.44, 43.02, and 43.02 respectively. A department could anticipate an annual reduction in technical revenue of $540,661 and a reduction in workflow of approximately five patients or 1 to 1.5 hours per day from a hypofractionation rate of 40%. Conclusion: The move to hypofractionation in the United States will lead to increased pressures on departments to address budget shortfalls resulting from the decrease in per-patient revenue. This may be done through a combination of an increase in patient volume, recognition of the increased skill sets required to deliver hypofractionated radiotherapy, delay in capital purchases, and/or reduction in staff. In a value-based environment, these evolutions should improve the value proposition of radiation oncology over a fee-for-service model.
Journey Toward High Reliability: A Comprehensive Safety Program to Improve Quality of Care and Safety Culture in a Large, Multisite Radiation Oncology Department
Authors: Woodhouse Kristina Demas , Volz Edna , Maity Amit , Gabriel Peter E. , Solberg Timothy D. , Bergendahl Howard W. , Hahn Stephen M. 
Published: May 2016

Background: High-reliability organizations (HROs) focus on continuous identification and improvement of safety issues. We sought to advance a large, multisite radiation oncology department toward high reliability through the implementation of a comprehensive safety culture (SC) program at the University of Pennsylvania Department of Radiation Oncology. Methods: In 2011, with guidance from safety literature and experts in HROs, we designed an SC framework to reduce radiation errors. All state-reported medical events (SRMEs) from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and plotted on a control chart. Changes in SC grade were assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey. Outcomes measured included the number of radiation treatment fractions and days between SRMEs, as well as SC grade. Results: Multifaceted safety initiatives were implemented at our main academic center and across all network sites. Postintervention results demonstrate increased staff fundamental safety knowledge, enhanced peer review with an electronic system, and special cause variation of SRMEs on control chart analysis. From 2009 to 2016, the number of days and fractions between SRMEs significantly increased, from a mean of 174 to 541 days (P < .0075) and 21,678 to 113,104 fractions (P < .0028) preintervention and postintervention, respectively. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality results demonstrate a high patient SC grade over time. Conclusion: Our journey toward becoming an HRO has led to the development of a robust SC through a comprehensive safety framework. Our multifaceted initiatives, focusing on culture and system changes, can be successfully implemented in a large academic radiation oncology department to yield measurable improvements in SC and outcomes.
Free-Surfactant Synthesis of Graphene-Layered Carbon Composite and Its Utilization for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mukawa Kei , Oyama Naganobu , Shinmi Toshitaka , Sekine Yasushi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We synthesized a characteristic graphene-layered carbon particle composite using pyrolysis of hydrocarbon in an electric field and consecutive activation treatment under CO2 atmosphere. TEM, N2 adsorption isotherm, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS revealed structural features of this unique composite. Graphenes and carbon particles in the resultant composite are combined homogeneously in nanoscale with a mesoscale structure and with high carbon purity. When Pt nanoparticles are loaded on the composite, they show high performance as an electrocatalyst because of their higher electrochemical active surface area and higher durability against the sintering of Pt nanoparticles. Resulting material is a multifunctional composite by virtue of its nanostructural features.
Public-Private Partnerships in statutory pension systems: A new interaction between the public and the private sectors
Authors: Stergiou Angelos 
Published: May 2016

<p>The article argues that not every publicprivate partnership on the field of pensions is considered to be positive per se; the decisive criterion is the institutional framework within which such a partnership is being realized. The factor that causes them to differ is the adequacy of the rules materializing a partnership as such. This explains why our main point of interest focuses upon the respective regulative aspects and the necessary/ consequent statutory guarantees. Taking this as our starting point, the Swedish model constitutes an example of good practice. The Swedish version of the public-private partnership in the statutory pension system appears as the best solution for specific sorts of systems, such as the individual accounts. In being transparent, guaranteeing prudent investments and in offering the minimum possible cost for employees, it embodies a wide range of advantages.</p>
Ocorrência de rinite atrófica e pneumonia em suínos híbridos e sem raça definida em criação intensiva
Authors: Braga Juliana Fortes Vilarinho , Teixeira Maurício De Paula Ferreira , Lopes João Batista , Klein Júnior Manoel Henrique , Silva Silvana Maria Medeiros de Sousa 
Published: May 2016

The atrophic rhinitis (AR) and pneumonia are among the most frequently diagnosed respiratory diseases in swine production systems and can lead to significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and degree of AR and pneumonia in hybrids and undefined breed swine herds submitted to intensive farming system and check if there is an association between the occurrence of these diseases in the herds. For this, we used 30 swines hybrids (Group I) and 30 undefined breed swines (Group II) from intensive farming system. The index of atrophic rhinitis (IAR) of herds for Groups I and II were, respectively, 1.00 and 0.57. In Group I, 20.8% (5/24) of the pigs presented pneumonia, while none of the animals in Group II exhibited this pathology. There was no correlation between the presence of atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia for the studied animals. These are the first data on the occurrence of these diseases in swines of Piauí State, Brazil. We demonstrated that these pathologies are present in animals from intensive farming systems and that occurrence varied according to racial type, being the hybrid swines the most affected animals by AR and pneumonia.
Sample collections from healthy volunteers for biological variation estimates’ update: a new project undertaken by the Working Group on Biological Variation established by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Carobene Anna , Strollo Marta , Jonker Niels , Barla Gerhard , Bartlett William A. , Sandberg Sverre , Sylte Marit Sverresdotter , Røraas Thomas , Sølvik Una Ørvim , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Tosato Francesca , Plebani Mario , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Serteser Mustafa , Unsal Ibrahim , Ceriotti Ferruccio , on behalf of the Biological Variation Working Group, Europea  
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Biological variation (BV) data have many fundamental applications in laboratory medicine. At the 1st Strategic Conference of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) the reliability and limitations of current BV data were discussed. The EFLM Working Group on Biological Variation is working to increase the quality of BV data by developing a European project to establish a biobank of samples from healthy subjects to be used to produce high quality BV data.

Methods:
The project involved six European laboratories (Milan, Italy; Bergen, Norway; Madrid, Spain; Padua, Italy; Istanbul, Turkey; Assen, The Netherlands). Blood samples were collected from 97 volunteers (44 men, aged 20–60 years; 43 women, aged 20–50 years; 10 women, aged 55–69 years). Initial subject inclusion required that participants completed an enrolment questionnaire to verify their health status. The volunteers provided blood specimens once per week for 10 weeks. A short questionnaire was completed and some laboratory tests were performed at each sampling consisting of blood collected under controlled conditions to provide serum, K2EDTA-plasma and citrated-plasma samples.

Results:
Samples from six out of the 97 enroled subjects were discarded as a consequence of abnormal laboratory measurements. A biobank of 18,000 aliquots was established consisting of 120 aliquots of serum, 40 of EDTA-plasma, and 40 of citrated-plasma from each subject. The samples were stored at –80 °C.

Conclusions:
A biobank of well-characterised samples collected under controlled conditions has been established delivering a European resource to enable production of contemporary BV data.
Super-Exponentially Convergent Parallel Algorithm for Eigenvalue Problems with Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Demkiv Ihor , Gavrilyuk Ivan P. , Makarov Volodymyr L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A new algorithm for eigenvalue problems for linear differential operators with fractional derivatives is proposed and justified.
The algorithm is based on the approximation (perturbation) of the coefficients of a part of the differential operator by piecewise constant functions where the eigenvalue problem for the last one is supposed to be simpler than the original one. Another milestone of the algorithm is the homotopy idea which results at the possibility for a given eigenpair number to compute recursively a sequence of the approximate eigenpairs. This sequence converges to the exact eigenpair with a super-exponential convergence rate. The eigenpairs can be computed in parallel for all prescribed indexes. The proposed method possesses the following principal property: its convergence rate increases together with the index of the eigenpair.
Numerical examples confirm the theory.
Rohstoffräume. Räumliche Relationen und das Wirtschaften mit Rohstoffen
Authors: Haumann Sebastian , Thorade Nora 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Space, and access to resource deposits in particular, is a central theme of studies in economic history. However, new approaches to the theory of space that highlight the relations between people, places and things as constituents of multiple and dynamic spaces, have so far rarely been systematically applied to questions relating to resource economies. By referring to spaces of resource extraction as “sites”, this introductory article develops the notion that spaces in which resources are accessed, distributed and consumed are not a fixed and pregiven category, but exist in dynamic spatial relations. These spatial relations can be made up of perceptions and images, such as geological knowledge or spheres of interests, social structures, such as in the distribution of real-estate property and in power relations, or they can be established by the expansion of infrastructures and by terms of trade. They also pertain to the physical properties of the resources themselves, especially when considering the environmental impact of extraction. All of these spatial relations are highly variable and change historically in interdependence with the dynamics of resource extraction.
Salzregionen. Der sozionaturale Schauplatz Bergbau in der topografischen Beschreibung der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Knoll Martin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The article analyses how the salt mining districts of a geographically small but politically divided region covering alpine stretches of today’s Austria and Germany are represented in late 17th century topographical literature. The way these districts are described and depicted in texts, maps and images of the famous “Topographia Germaniae”, published by Matthäus Merian the Elder and his successors, deepens our understanding of the construction of regionality and the role of materiality and human economic practices in this construction process.
High prevalence of DUOX2 mutations in Japanese patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism or transient hypothyroidism
Authors: Matsuo Kumihiro , Tanahashi Yusuke , Mukai Tokuo , Suzuki Shigeru , Tajima Toshihiro , Azuma Hiroshi , Fujieda Kenji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDual oxidase 2 (Forty-eight Japanese DH patients were enroled and analysed for sequence variants ofFourteen sequence variants ofOur results suggest that