bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using lung‐area‐to‐head‐circumference ratio: variability across centers in a national perinatal network
Authors: Senat M.‐V. , Bouchghoul H. , Stirnemann J. , Vaast P. , Boubnova J. , Begue L. , Carricaburu E. , Sartor A. , Jani J. , Benachi A. , Bouyer J. ,   for the Center for Rare Diseases: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe anomaly. The observed‐to‐expected lung‐area‐to‐head‐circumference ratio (o/e‐LHR) has been shown to provide a useful prediction of subsequent survival of fetuses with CDH in referral centers with expertise and a large caseload. However, the accuracy of o/e‐LHR measurements in general fetal medicine units with less expertise is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of o/e‐LHR to provide a useful prediction of mortality of fetuses with CDH when the measurement is performed in fetal medicine units with different levels of expertise.MethodsBetween January 2008 and November 2013, 305 live births with expectantly managed left‐sided isolated CDH were recorded in the database of the French National Center for Rare Diseases (31 centers) and followed up after birth. Centers were grouped into two categories according to their mean annual CDH caseload over the study period: large centers with an average of ≥ 14 cases and smaller centers with < 14 cases per year. The relationship between o/e‐LHR and 28‐day and 6‐month mortality was modeled using fractional polynomials and the predictive value of o/e‐LHR was quantified using the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve. Comparisons between the two center categories were carried out. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders such as thoracic herniation of the liver and gestational age at birth and at diagnosis.ResultsDuring the study period, two large centers managed a total of 82 CDH cases and 29 smaller centers a total of 223 CDH cases. Overall, there was a significant inverse relationship between 28‐day mortality rate and o/e‐LHR, which decreased from 54% when o/e‐LHR was 20% to 6% when o/e‐LHR was 75% (P < 0.01). When the category of center was considered, adjusted associations between o/e‐LHR and 28‐day mortality were significantly different (P = 0.032) between large and smaller centers. The ability to predict survival at 28 days postpartum based on o/e‐LHR was better in large centers; for a specificity of 0.30, the sensitivity was 0.71 in large centers and 0.55 in smaller ones. The results were similar for 6‐month mortality.ConclusionsOur results show that o/e‐LHR measured on two‐dimensional ultrasound is a good indicator of neonatal prognosis in cases of CDH that may be used even in fetal medicine centers with a small caseload. However, our results also suggest that LHR measurement may be difficult to perform correctly. Therefore, appropriate training should be offered to professionals. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of change in posture on maternal functional hemodynamics at 35–37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Guy G. P. , Ling H. Z. , Machuca M. , Poon L. C. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of posture change from the supine to the sitting position and before and after passive leg raising on maternal functional hemodynamics in pregnant women at 35–37 weeks' gestation, and to compare the changes in pregnancies that subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH) with those that remained normotensive.MethodsIn 2764 singleton pregnancies at 35–37 weeks' gestation, maternal cardiovascular parameters were measured using an automated non‐invasive cardiac monitor. The hemodynamic response to a change from the supine to the sitting position and before and after passive leg raising in the left lateral position was examined and compared between women who subsequently developed PE or GH and those who remained normotensive.ResultsIn normotensive singleton pregnancies at 35–37 weeks' gestation, both change from the supine to the sitting position and passive leg raising were associated with an increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index and a decrease in total peripheral resistance index; there was a small increase in mean arterial pressure with both postural changes and a slight decrease in heart rate with passive leg raising. In pregnancies that subsequently developed PE or GH, compared with normotensive pregnancies, cardiac index and stroke volume index were lower and total peripheral resistance index was higher. In general, change from the supine to the sitting position and passive leg raising were associated with similar but less marked changes in cardiovascular parameters as in normotensive pregnancies.ConclusionsParadoxically, in late third‐trimester normal pregnancy, both change from the supine to a sitting position and passive leg raising may result in an increase in preload with a consequent increase in cardiac and stroke volume indices and a decrease in total peripheral resistance index. In pregnancies that develop PE or GH, the effects of postural change on cardiovascular parameters are similar but less marked than in normotensive pregnancies. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Novel Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Cationic Surfactants: Synthesis, Surface Activity and Evaluation as Corrosion Inhibitors for C1018 Carbon Steel in Acidic Chloride Solution
Authors: Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Tantawy Ahmed H. , Abdelhamid Antar A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA novel class of quaternary ammonium‐based cationic surfactants is synthesized and characterized via spectroscopic methods (FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). The surface properties, foaming power and biodegradability of the synthesized cationic surfactants are determined using the surface tension technique. The protection performance with their adsorption mechanisms for carbon steel is evaluated in a 15% HCl solution by a series of techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curves, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The surfactants are found to be excellent corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel. The results show that the inhibition efficiencies are increased by increasing the concentration and the hydrophobic chain length of the tested compounds reaching the maximum at 250 ppm. The potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that the inhibitors behave as a mixed type with predominant cathodic inhibition and the corrosion behavior can be explained by the adsorption film mechanism. Moreover, the mode of adsorption obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm; also, the adsorbed layer on the surface of the metal is approved by using SEM.
Comparison of 627 patients with right‐ and left‐sided colon cancer in China: Differences in clinicopathology, recurrence, and survival
Authors: Qin Qiong , Yang Lin , Sun Yong‐Kun , Ying Jian‐Ming , Song Yan , Zhang Wen , Wang Jin‐Wan , Zhou Ai‐Ping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have reported increased mortality for right‐sided colon cancers; however, the results are conflicting for different stage tumors. We examined the differences in clinicopathology between right‐ and left‐sided colon cancers and the relationships between colon cancer location (right‐ and left‐side) and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsWe identified patients from 2005 to 2008 with stage II/III colon cancer who underwent surgery for curative intent. We explored the impact of the tumor location on the postoperative DFS and OS using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf 627 patients, 50.6% (317/627) had right‐sided colon cancer. These patients were more likely to have weight loss, second primary tumor, elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), increased incidence of non‐adenocarcinoma, more poorly differentiated tumors, vascular invasion, defective mismatch repair, and a lighter smoking history (P < 0.05). Right‐sided colon cancer had a higher recurrence incidence compared with left‐sided cancer (30.6% vs. 23.2%, P = 0.037), particularly with multiple metastatic sites in the first recurrence (17.5% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.020). Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated a significant difference in the 5‐year DFS rate between right‐ and left‐sided cancers across all stages (68.1% vs. 75.2%, P = 0.043). However, there was no significant difference in the 5‐year OS rate between the two groups (73.8% vs. 79.0%, P = 0.103). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with left‐sided colon cancer had a significantly better 5‐year DFS and OS rates compared with those with right‐sided disease at stage III (64.3% vs. 46.8%, P = 0.002; 69.5% vs. 53.5%, P = 0.006, respectively); there were no significant differences in the 5‐year DFS and OS rates at stage II (85.2% vs. 85.9%, P = 0.819; 89.8% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.803, respectively). Adjusted Cox regression analysis showed no significant differences in the 5‐year OS and DFS rates for stage II [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.203, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.605–2.391, P = 0.598; HR = 0.980, 95% CI: 0.542–1.774, P = 0.948, respectively] or all stages combined (HR = 0.867, 95% CI: 0.613–1.227, P = 0.421; HR = 0.832, 95% CI: 0.606–1.142, P = 0.255, respectively). However, stage III left‐sided cancer had higher 5‐year OS and DFS rates (HR = 0.626, 95% CI: 0.414–0.948, P = 0.027; HR = 0.630, 95% CI: 0.428–0.926, P = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionWe found that right‐ and left‐sided colon cancers had significantly different clinicopathological characteristics. Right‐sided colon cancer had a higher incidence of recurrence than left‐sided disease. Patients with stage III right‐sided colon cancer had a worse prognosis compared with those with stage III left‐sided colon cancer.
A new degree for $S^1$-invariant gradient mappings and applications
Authors: Dancer E.N. 
Published: March 2017

We construct a new degree for

S^1

-invariant gradient maps where the classical degree gives little information. The main technical result needed is a new result on generic homotopies. We apply this degree to obtain a global bifurcation theorem which applies to cases where classical results give limited information.

We apply our results to obtain a bifurcation theorem for periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems and for a problem in elasticity. We also obtain new results on bifurcation for elliptic equations on domains with an

S^1

symmetry.

Résumé

Nous construisons un degré adapté à des applications

S^1

-invariantes de type gradient où la notion classique de degré ne donne que peu d’informations. On utilise pour cela un résultat nouveau sur les homotopies génériques. On applique ce degré pour obtenir un résultat de bifurcation globale.

Nous appliquons nos résultats pour obtenir un théorème de bifurcation de solutions périodiques de systèmes hamiltoniens, et à un problème d’élasticité. Nous obtenons également de nouveaux résultats sur la bifurcation d’équations elliptiques dans des domaines pourvus d’une symétrie

S^1

.
A class of convex non-coercive functionals and masonry-like materials
Authors: Anzellotti G. 
Published: March 2017

We consider a class of functionals of the strain (or of the gradient), whose main feature is that they are not coercive when the forces are zero, while they are coercive under suitable assumptions for the load. The main application is to the problem of static equilibrium for a class of elastic materials in which the stress is constrained to be negative semi-definite. Functions of bounded deformation and measure theory are a basic technical tool in the paper.

Résumé
Nous considérons une classe de fonctionnelles de la tension (ou du gradient) dont la caractéristique principale est qu’elles ne sont pas coercives lorsque les forces sont nulles, alors qu’elles le sont sous des hypothèses convenables pour la charge. On applique principalement ces résultats au problème de l’équilibre statique pour une classe de matériaux élastiques lorsque la tension est supposée semi-définie négative. Les fonctions de déformation bornée et la théorie de la mesure sont les outils techniques de base dans cet article.
Maximal monotone relations and the second derivatives of nonsmooth functions
Authors: Rockafellar R.T. 
Published: March 2017

Maximal monotone relations serve as a prototype from which properties can be derived for the subdifferential relations associated with convex functions, saddle functions, and other important classes of functions in nonsmooth analysis. It is shown that the Clarke tangent cone at any point of the graph of a maximal monotone relation is actually a linear subspace. This fact clarifies a number of issues concerning the generalized second derivatives of nonsmooth functions.

Résumé
Nous déduisons, grâce à l’étude de multi-applications monotones maximales, diverses propriétes relatives aux multi-applications sousgradients de fonctions convexes, fonctions de selle et autres types de fonctions importants en analyse sous-différentielle. Nous montrons, qu’en tout point du graphe d’une multi-application monotone maximale, le cône tangent, au sens de Clarke, est en réalité un sous-espace vectoriel. Ce fait éclaircit certaines questions concernant les dérivées généralisées du second ordre de fonctions non-différentiables.
Some remarks on quasi-variational inequalities and the associated impulsive control problem
Authors: Perthame B. 
Published: March 2017

We study Quasi-Variational Inequalities:

\tag{1}
\begin{cases}
\mathrm{Max}(\mathrm{A}u−f,u−\mathrm{M}u) = 0, \\
u\mid_{∂\mathrm{\Omega }} = \varphi ,
\end{cases}

where

\tag{2}
\mathrm{M}u = k + \inf \limits_{\stackrel{\xi ≧0}{x + \xi \in \:\bar{\mathrm{\Omega}}}}
\left\{c_{0}(\xi ) + u(x + \xi )\right\}.

In general, (1) has no solution, we prove here that (1) has a unique maximum subsolution that we caracterize. Then we compare the implicit obstacle (2) and the obstacle:

\def\infess#1{\inf\limits_{#1}\hspace*{-8pt}\mathrm{ess}}
\mathrm{M}_+ u = k +
\infess{\stackrel{\xi ≧0}{x + \xi \in \:\mathrm{\Omega}}}
\left\{c_{0}(\xi ) + u(x + \xi )\right\}

and we finally show that, under general assumptions, the solution of (1) is Holder continuous.

Résumé
Nous étudions les Inéquations Quasi-Variationnelles :

\tag{1}
\begin{cases}
\mathrm{Max}(\mathrm{A}u−f,u−\mathrm{M}u) = 0 &\text{dans}\:\mathrm{\Omega }\\
u\mid_{∂\mathrm{\Omega }} = \varphi ,
\end{cases}

où

\tag{2}
\mathrm{M}u = k + \inf \limits_{\stackrel{\xi ≧0}{x + \xi \in \:\bar{\mathrm{\Omega}}}}
\left\{c_{0}(\xi ) + u(x + \xi )\right\}.

En général (1) n’a pas de solution, nous montrons ici que (1) admet une unique sous-solution maximale que nous caractérisons. Nous comparons ensuite l’obstacle implicite (2) et l’obstacle :

\def\infess#1{\inf\limits_{#1}\hspace*{-8pt}\mathrm{ess}}
\mathrm{M}_+ u = k +
\infess{\stackrel{\xi ≧0}{x + \xi \in \:\mathrm{\Omega}}}
\left\{c_{0}(\xi ) + u(x + \xi )\right\}

et nous finissons par montrer que, sous des hypothèses générales, la solution de (1) est hölderienne.
Hybridation normative et institutionnelle dans les coopératives minières. Entre pluralisme juridique et ineffectivité du droit coopératif congolais
Authors: Bahalaokwibuye Christian Bahati 
Published: March 2017

Résumé
Cette étude aborde les pratiques coopératives non officielles comme plombant l’effectivité du droit coopératif officiel ou une manière d’expression d’une normativité informelle au sein des coopératives minières du Sud-Kivu à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Elle se fonde sur des entretiens et une observation des pratiques des exploitants miniers artisanaux relativement à la création et à la gouvernance de leurs coopératives minières. L’étude de l’organisation normative des coopératives contribue aux réflexions sur une réforme participative des politiques publiques afin d’améliorer la gouvernance du secteur minier en RDC.
ASYMPTOTIC BOUNDS FOR THE SIZE OF Hom(A, GLn(q))
Authors: BATE MICHAEL , GULLON ALEC 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFix an arbitrary finite group A of order a, and let X(n, q) denote the set of homomorphisms from A to the finite general linear group GLn(q). The size of X(n, q) is a polynomial in q. In this note, it is shown that generically this polynomial has degree n2(1 – a−1) − εr and leading coefficient mr, where εr and mr are constants depending only on r := n mod a. We also present an algorithm for explicitly determining these constants.
Host associations and turnover of haemosporidian parasites in manakins (Aves: Pipridae)
Authors: FECCHIO ALAN , SVENSSON-COELHO MARIA , BELL JEFFREY , ELLIS VINCENZO A. , MEDEIROS MATTHEW C. , TRISOS CHRISTOPHER H. , BLAKE JOHN G. , LOISELLE BETTE A. , TOBIAS JOSEPH A. , FANTI REBEKA , COFFEY ELYSE D. , DE FARIA IUBATÃ P. , PINHO JOÃO B. , FELIX GABRIEL , BRAGA ERIKA M. , ANCIÃES MARINA , TKACH VASYL , BATES JOHN , WITT CHRISTOPHER , WECKSTEIN JASON D. , RICKLEFS ROBERT E. , FARIAS IZENI P. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYParasites of the generaPlasmodiumandHaemoproteus(Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) are a diverse group of pathogens that infect birds nearly worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the ecological and evolutionary factors that shape the diversity and distribution of these protozoan parasites among avian communities and geographic regions are poorly understood. Based on a survey throughout the Neotropics of the haemosporidian parasites infecting manakins (Pipridae), a family of Passerine birds endemic to this region, we asked whether host relatedness, ecological similarity and geographic proximity structure parasite turnover between manakin species and local manakin assemblages. We used molecular methods to screen 1343 individuals of 30 manakin species for the presence of parasites. We found no significant correlations between manakin parasite lineage turnover and both manakin species turnover and geographic distance. Climate differences, species turnover in the larger bird community and parasite lineage turnover in non-manakin hosts did not correlate with manakin parasite lineage turnover. We also found no evidence that manakin parasite lineage turnover among host species correlates with range overlap and genetic divergence among hosts. Our analyses indicate that host switching (turnover among host species) and dispersal (turnover among locations) of haemosporidian parasites in manakins are not constrained at this scale.
Rights, Indigeneity, and the Market of Rastafari
Authors: Lewis Jovan Scott 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:This article is concerned with the ways in which discourses of rights serve to destabilize indigenous logics when used for gains in the market. It does so through examining a Rastafarian tour group who uses their participation in the tourism market to challenge what they believe are infringed cultural property rights. As a means of commercially defending these rights, the group employs a discourse of indigeneity. In this process, they have gained partial recognition from the World Intellectual Property Organization and increasing acknowledgement from the Jamaican government. However, while the basis of indigeneity strongly supports the case of intellectual and cultural property rights, this recognition ultimately further identifies the group, and Rastafari in general, with Jamaica.
The interaction between parenting and children's cortisol reactivity at age 3 predicts increases in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 6
Authors: Barrios Chelsey S. , Bufferd Sara J. , Klein Daniel N. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the role of stress reactivity in the emergence of psychopathology across early childhood. In this longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that child cortisol reactivity at age 3 moderates associations between early parenting and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms from age 3 to age 6. One hundred and sixty children were assessed at age 3, and 135 children were reassessed at age 6. At age 3, we exposed children to stress-inducing laboratory tasks, during which we obtained four salivary cortisol samples, and parental hostility was assessed using an observational parent–child interaction task. At ages 3 and 6, child psychiatric symptoms were assessed using a clinical interview with parents. The results indicated that the combination of high child cortisol reactivity and high observed parental hostility at age 3 was associated with greater concurrent externalizing symptoms at age 3 and predicted increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms from age 3 to age 6. Findings highlight that increased stress reactivity, within the context of hostile parenting, plays a role in the emergence of psychopathology from preschool to school entry.
Surprise Probabilities in Markov Chains
Authors: NORRIS JAMES , PERES YUVAL , ZHAI ALEX 
Published: March 2017

In a Markov chain started at a statex, thehitting timeτ(y) is the first time that the chain reaches another statey. We study the probability$\mathbb{P}_x(\tau(y) = t)$that the first visit toyoccurs precisely at a given timet. Informally speaking, the event that a new state is visited at a large timetmay be considered a ‘surprise’. We prove the following three bounds.•In any Markov chain withnstates,$\mathbb{P}_x(\tau(y) = t) \le {n}/{t}$.•In a reversible chain withnstates,$\mathbb{P}_x(\tau(y) = t) \le {\sqrt{2n}}/{t}$ for $t \ge 4n + 4$.•For random walk on a simple graph withn≥ 2 vertices,$\mathbb{P}_x(\tau(y) = t) \le 4e \log(n)/t$.We construct examples showing that these bounds are close to optimal. The main feature of our bounds is that they require very little knowledge of the structure of the Markov chain.To prove the bound for random walk on graphs, we establish the following estimate conjectured by Aldous, Ding and Oveis-Gharan (private communication): for random walk on ann-vertex graph, for every initial vertexx,$$ \sum_y \biggl( \sup_{t \ge 0} p^t(x, y) \biggr) = O(\log n). $$
Parent reports of health-related quality of life and heart failure severity score independently predict outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: den Boer Susanna L. , Baart Sara J. , van der Meulen Marijke H. , van Iperen Gabriëlle G. , Backx Ad P. , ten Harkel Arend D. , Rammeloo Lukas A. , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J. , Tanke Ronald B. , Helbing Willem A. , Utens Elisabeth M. , Dalinghaus Michiel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy in children causes heart failure and has a poor prognosis. Health-related quality of life in this patient group is unknown. Moreover, results may provide detailed information of parents’ sense of their child’s functioning. We hypothesised that health-related quality of life, as rated by parents, and the paediatric heart failure score, as assessed by physicians, have both predictive value on outcome.Methods and resultsIn this prospective study, health-related quality of life was assessed by parent reports: the Infant Toddler Quality of Life questionnaire (0–4 years) or Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (4–18 years) at 3–6-month intervals. We included 90 children (median age 3.8 years, interquartile range (IQR) 0.9–12.3) whose parents completed 515 questionnaires. At the same visit, physicians completed the New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index. Compared with Dutch normative data, quality of life was severely impaired at diagnosis (0–4 years: 7/10 subscales and 4–18 years: 8/11 subscales) and ⩾1 year after diagnosis (3/10 and 6/11 subscales). Older children were more impaired (p<0.05). After a median follow-up of 3 years (IQR 2–4), 15 patients underwent transplantation. Using multivariable time-dependent Cox regression, “physical functioning” subscale and the Heart Failure Index were independently predictive of the risk of death and heart transplantation (hazard ratio 1.24 per 10% decrease of predicted, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.47 and hazard ratio 1.38 per unit, 95% CI 1.19–1.61, respectively).ConclusionPhysical impairment rated by parents and heart failure severity assessed by physicians independently predicted the risk of death or heart transplantation in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.