bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of DNA in the RNA world: an in silico simulation study of genetic takeover
Authors: Ma Wentao , Yu Chunwu , Zhang Wentao , Wu Sanmao , Feng Yu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
It is now popularly accepted that there was an “RNA world” in early evolution of life. This idea has a direct consequence that later on there should have been a takeover of genetic material – RNA by DNA. However, since genetic material carries genetic information, the “source code” of all living activities, it is actually reasonable to question the plausibility of such a “revolutionary” transition. Due to our inability to model relevant “primitive living systems” in reality, it is as yet impossible to explore the plausibility and mechanisms of the “genetic takeover” by experiments.

Results
Here we investigated this issue by computer simulation using a Monte-Carlo method. It shows that an RNA-by-DNA genetic takeover may be triggered by the emergence of a nucleotide reductase ribozyme with a moderate activity in a pure RNA system. The transition is unstable and limited in scale (i.e., cannot spread in the population), but can get strengthened and globalized if certain parameters are changed against RNA (i.e., in favor of DNA). In relation to the subsequent evolution, an advanced system with a larger genome, which uses DNA as genetic material and RNA as functional material, is modeled – the system cannot sustain if the nucleotide reductase ribozyme is “turned off” (thus, DNA cannot be synthesized). Moreover, the advanced system cannot sustain if only DNA’s stability, template suitability or replication fidelity (any of the three) is turned down to the level of RNA’s.

Conclusions
Genetic takeover should be plausible. In the RNA world, such a takeover may have been triggered by the emergence of some ribozyme favoring the formation of deoxynucleotides. The transition may initially have been “weak”, but could have been reinforced by environmental changes unfavorable to RNA (such as temperature or pH rise), and would have ultimately become irreversible accompanying the genome’s enlargement. Several virtues of DNA (versus RNA) – higher stability against hydrolysis, greater suitability as template and higher fidelity in replication, should have, each in its own way, all been significant for the genetic takeover in evolution. This study enhances our understandings of the relationship between information and material in the living world.
On Linking Machinery and Show
Authors: Ophir Adi 
Published: December 2015

In “Althusser’s Dramaturgy and the Critique of Ideology,” Étienne Balibar reconstructs Althusser’s quest for “a critical concept of ideology” and offers one of his own. Both moves are based on close attention to the relation between theater and politics. Power is always theatrical because it always operates by “combining [. . .] a machinery and a show.” This essay highlights this figure and presents it as both a metaphor for and proper description of the functioning of ideology itself. Literalizing the metaphor, this essay shows how it helps us resolve two enigmas in Althusser’s concept of ideology with which Balibar, following Althusser, is preoccupied: the possibility of revolution and the persistence of “bad subjects.”
Valuation of Personnel Management Services (Lecture 9).
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Elena 
Published: December 2015

This article continues the abstract of lectures on the subject «Economics Personnel Management» program bachelor.
The article reveals the essence and purpose of the evaluation of the Human Resources Department. The main indicators to assess the effectiveness of personnel
management are presented. The article describes the methods to assess the effectiveness of personnel management, including expert assessment, HRbenchmarking,
analysis of human resources, personnel audit, key performance indicators, management by objectives, methodology ROI.
Evaluation of a heart failure self-management programme
Authors: Cook Jane , Horrocks Susan 
Published: December 2015

Background: Supported self-care has the potential to improve quality of life (QoL) for people with heart failure (HF), while reducing dependency on acute care to manage exacerbation. Methods: A series of HF self-management programmes (HF-SMP) were evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. Information was collected on QoL, ability to self-care and self-efficacy using validated questionnaires; patient experience was gathered via testimonials. Results: Twenty-eight patients attended four HF-SMPs. The evaluation found improvement in disease-specific QoL and ability to self-care at 3 months post the programme. However, there was less progress in general QoL and self-efficacy. The testimonials emphasised the positive social benefits of the HF-SMPs. Differences in profile at baseline and outcomes were noted for HF patients depending on whether they were newly-diagnosed or had long-standing HF. Conclusion: HF-SMPs can improve QoL and have value in terms of peer support for people living with HF. The findings have generated recommendations for further research to assess effectiveness and impact on health service usage.
A completed audit loop of a botulinum toxin therapy service for adult spasticity
Authors: Sakel Mohamed , Saunders Karen 
Published: December 2015

Aims: To undertake a re-audit of all process standards relating to a multidisciplinary team spasticity service employing botulinum toxin set up in 2008, and to identify and clarify the effectiveness of the referral pathway for this service. Methods: A retrospective sample of 100 consecutive adult patient case notes who were treated with botulinum toxin and seen by the multidisciplinary team. This audit used the national guidelines set out by the Royal College of Physicians et al (2009) as the gold standard. Results: Participants (n=100; mean age=63.5 years; age range 17–86 years) had a variety of diagnoses but predominantly ischaemic stroke. Comparison of audit and re-audit data demonstrated significant improvements in 17 out of 19 service standards, which included patients reviewed by consultant, multidisciplinary team assessment, and achievement of patient goals and functional abilities. Conclusions: This iterative process provides practice-based evidence of the benefit of identifying the post-injection therapist prior to the injection of botulinum toxin. This re-audit also enabled further improvement of service re-design in order to reduce waiting times in future.
The effects of ego states on democratic attitudes: Nursing students’ opinions of nursing faculty members
Authors: Keçeci Ayla , Çelik Durmuş Serpil 
Published: December 2015

<p>The aim of this descriptive study is to identify the ego states in the Transactional Analysis Approach for evaluating the interpersonal communication process, as well as the views of the nursing students regarding the democratic attitudes of their instructors. Consequently, the faculty members had democratic attitudes and there was a very high direct correlation between the Nurturing Parent ego state and democratic attitude. </p>
The Impact of the Chinese Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) On Sino-EU Relations: The Leverage between Investment and Human Rights
Authors: Bu Qingxiu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have been rapidly redefining the traditional paradigms, providing both much-needed capitals as well as posing particular challenges for policy makers. The role of SWFs, which are becoming increasingly involved in the global financial markets, has often been underestimated in the discourse of the protection of human rights. The tâtonnement processes of bargaining between home and host countries of SWFs indicate that the concern regarding human rights has maintained a sensible balance between protecting the rights of individuals and the benefits that large capital investments offer for both host and home countries. The challenge still remains as to whether the presumption that the promotion of SWFs investment is going to retard the promotion of human rights would not be rebutted even in terms of the new global regulatory framework.
Symmetry and Regularity of Solutions to the Weighted Hardy–Sobolev Type System
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Zhao , Lu Guozhen 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequalities and the Hardy–Sobolev type system play an important role in analysis and PDEs. In this paper, we consider the very general weighted Hardy–Sobolev type system

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Creativity in Organizational Environment
Authors: Szobiová Eva 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The contribution is focused on the conditions which allow the application of creativity in the context of an organization. The aim of the article is to reveal the work environment factors influencing the creativity of the employees. Another aim is to demonstrate how management style of an organization can affect the creativity of employees in order to successfully exploit their creative potential. The contribution also presents the manner how a manager can influence creativity of one’s own employees. Moreover, the article deals with the process of innovation and transmission of creative ideas and solutions into practice.
Surrealist Sources of Eastern European Animation Film
Authors: Pikkov Ülo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between surrealism and animation film, attempting to establish the characteristic features of surrealist animation film and to determine an approach for identifying them. Drawing on the interviews conducted during the research, I will also strive to chart the terrain of contemporary surrealist animation film and its authors, most of who work in Eastern Europe. My principal aim is to establish why surrealism enjoyed such relevance and vitality in post-World War II Eastern Europe. I will conclude that the popularity of surrealist animation film in Eastern Europe can be seen as a continuation of a tradition (Prague was an important centre of surrealism during the interwar period), as well as an act of protest against the socialist realist paradigm of the Soviet period.
The Deterritorialised Muslim Convert in Post-Communist Eastern European Cinema
Authors: Mazierska Ewa , Kristensen Lars , Näripea Eva 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the Muslim convert as portrayed in three post-communist Eastern European films: Vladimir Khotinenko’s A Moslem (Мусульманин, Russia, 1996), Jerzy Skolimowski’s Essential Killing (Poland/Norway/ Ireland/Hungary/France, 2010), and Sulev Keedus’s Letters to Angel (Kirjad Inglile, Estonia, 2011). Although set in different periods, the films have their origins in Afghanistan and then move to European countries. The conversion to Islam happens in connection to, or as a consequence of, different military conflicts that the country has seen. The authors examine the consequences the characters have on their environment, using Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of deterritorialisation, understood as an opportunity to produce political and cultural change. Resettling from one religion and place into another means breaking up structures that need to be reassembled differently. However, these three films seem to desire deterritorialisation and resettlement for different reasons. In A Moslem, national structures need to be reset since foreign Western values have corrupted the post-communist Russian rural society. In Essential Killing, it is the Western military system of oppression that cannot uphold the convert and his values. Lastly, in Letters to Angel, the convert exposes the hollowness of post-communist capitalism. The Muslim converts in these films are subtle reminders that we can all reinvent ourselves.
On regular hypergraphs with high girth and high chromatic number
Authors: Khuzieva Alina E. , Shabanov Dmitriy A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe paper is concerned with an extremal problem of combinatorial analysis on finding the minimal possible number of edges in an n-regular hypergraph with chromatic number greater than r and girth greater than s. A new lower estimate of this extremal value is obtained and a number of related results is proved.
Synthesis, characterization and molecular dynamics simulation of the polyacrylates membranes
Authors: Zhan Xiaoping , Xin Yuxuan , Zhao Kai , Wang Shuai , Chen Jian , Zhang Yuankui , Mao Zhenmin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aims of this paper are to investigate the inherent relationship between the structures of the polyacrylates and release behaviors as drug carriers in the transdermal drug delivery systems. Three model polyacrylates compounds were synthesized by radical polymerization. Three polymer materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimeter and cytotoxicity, and the release behaviors of drug molecules transporting through the polymers membranes were tested. Moreover, the effects of the polymers’ structures on the permeability were studied by molecular dynamic simulation. The simulation results showed that higher chains mobility and larger fractional free volume of the polymer membranes resulted in higher permeation rates. By comparing the monomers’ structure in the polymer materials, it was found that the polymer chains’ mobility decreases, and permeation rate correspondingly decreases with the increase in the amount and volume of side groups on the double bonds.
Interference Mitigation Based on Intelligent Location Selection in a Canonical Communication Network
Authors: Qu Junyue , Cai Yueming , Zheng Jianchao , Yang Wendong , Yang Weiwei , Hu Yajie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this letter, the interference mitigation in a canonical communication network is discussed from the perspective of intelligent location selection. A potential game model is constructed and a location-selection algorithm is designed combining no-regret procedure. With the proposed algorithm, all nodes can update their strategies with limited information exchange. Specifically, our proposed algorithm can converge to a set of correlated equilibria which are the globally or locally optimal solution to the problem of interference minimization. Moreover, our proposed algorithm can achieve distributed implementation without a central node. Simulation results demonstrate that the total interference can be mitigated efficiently with our proposed algorithm. And the proposed algorithm can converge fast.
„Hilferufe“ aus Hispaniens Städten. Zur Ausbildung einer Metropolitanordnung auf der Iberischen Halbinsel (4.–6. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Panzram Sabine 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag bietet auf der Grundlage der Korrespondenz hispanischer Bischöfe mit dem Bischof von Rom respektive Papst eine Erklärung für die zeitlich verzögerte Ausbildung der Metropolitanordnung auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Die „Hilferufe“, die lediglich in Form der Antwortschreiben (Dekretalen) in der sogenannten „Collectio Hispana“ erhalten sind, thematisieren entweder Fragen der Kirchendisziplin und Lebensführung oder aber der Wahrung (kirchen-)politischer Interessen und haben bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden. Ihre Analyse macht plausibel, dass die Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich einer Umsetzung der Bestimmungen des Nizänums von 325 einer komplexen Gemengelage von Interessen, regionalen Streitigkeiten und Konkurrenzen geschuldet waren, die nicht zuletzt aus der seit der frühen Kaiserzeit ungebrochenen Macht der Städte resultierte. Sie unterscheidet sich insofern grundlegend von vorherigen Untersuchungen, die entweder den Einfall von Sueben, Vandalen und Alanen im Jahre 409 als hinreichende Erklärung akzeptieren oder aber eine „Unklarheit“ der Situation konstatieren. Daher kann sie das Ende der Genese einer Metropolitanordnung auch benennen: In dem Moment, in dem Leovigild Toletum zur Hauptstadt des Westgotenreichs machte, etablierte er eine klare Hierarchie unter den Städten Hispaniens; die Entwicklung der urbs regia zum „spanischen Rom“ (J. N. Hillgarth) war dann nur noch eine Frage – in diesem Fall – sehr kurzer Zeit.
Hungerökonomien. Vom Umgang mit der Mangelversorgung im besetzten Europa des Zweiten Weltkrieges
Authors: Tönsmeyer Tatjana 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Hunger als Begleitphänomen des Zweiten Weltkriegs ist bisher vor allem im Kontext einer täterzentrierten Geschichte von Besatzungsverbrechen thematisiert worden. Dieser Beitrag stellt dagegen die einheimischen Bevölkerungen und ihren Umgang mit der Mangelversorgung in den Mittelpunkt. Entsprechend werden vor allem Rationierungssysteme, die langen Schlangen vor den Geschäften sowie Schwarz- und Tauschhandel in europäischer Perspektive untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dies ist der erste Befund des Beitrags, dass dadurch, dass die Lebensmittelzuteilungen den rassistischen und utilitaristischen Vorstellungen der Besatzer folgten, nicht nur bestimmte Gruppen, sondern besetzte Gesellschaften als Ganze hierarchisiert wurden. Dies setzte, so der zweite Befund, enorme gesellschaftliche Dynamiken in Gang. In der Detailanalyse der Hungerökonomien erweisen sich dabei Schwarzmärkte als Heterotopien, d. h. als Orte, an denen von der bisherigen Norm abweichendes Verhalten ritualisiert und lokalisiert wurde. Die langen Schlangen wiederum bildeten die entstehenden Sozialordnungen besetzter Gesellschaften in aller Öffentlichkeit ab. In der Summe sind umfassende Verschiebungen im sozialen Gefüge der betroffenen Gesellschaften zu beschreiben, die schichten- und klassenspezifische Zuordnungen, die Stadt-Land-Gegensätze sowie die geschlechterpolitischen Arrangements betreffen, und denen der Begriff der Besatzungsgesellschaft Rechnung trägt.
Nondestructive evaluation of graphene-based strain sensor using Raman analysis and Raman mapping
Authors: Deepak A. , Ganesan Vaidehi , Shankar P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The objective of this work is to use techniques such as Raman analysis and Raman mapping to confirm that graphene-based polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites can be used in strain sensing industrial applications. The I
d/I
g ratio is used to predict the defect level of unstrained graphene-PVDF films with respect to strained graphene-PVDF films. By analyzing the intensity variations of band in the spectra, the defect level present in strained graphene-PVDF films compared with that of unstrained graphene-PVDF films can be predicted. Area mapping is also conducted to correlate the defect variation between unstrained and strained graphene-PVDF films. Raman results were compared with defect level and in turn with induced strain. As expected, results are in concurrence with one another, thereby providing complementary and confirmatory analysis of the results to measure strain.
Gestión de la evaluación del aprendizaje en proyectos de carreras en línea
Authors: Ortiz Ortiz María Gloria , Pérez Alcalá María Del Socorro 
Published: December 2015

El propósito de este artículo es analizar algunos factores que intervienen en la gestión de la evaluación del aprendizaje mediante proyectos relacionados con programas de licenciatura a distancia en línea, en prácticas in situ. Participaron estudiantes y docentes de las diferentes carreras y ciclos escolares del Sistema de Universidad Virtual de la Universidad de Guadalajara en México. El estudio se centró en las funciones que desarrollaron los guías y asesores de estos programas en la evaluación. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo con un estudio de caso y la técnica empleada fue el grupo focal; se diseñaron y se aplicaron tres guiones, según el rol del informante. Se tomó en cuenta el papel de docentes y estudiantes en el desarrollo de los proyectos y en los resultados obtenidos. Para el análisis de contenido de los grupos se aplicaron los principios de la Teoría Fundamentada. Se encontró que el profesorado carece de formación para evaluar el aprendizaje, además, faltó gestionar información entre las figuras involucradas para la aplicación de instrumentos evaluativos y emisión de calificaciones. Por otra parte, se evidenció desconocimiento del estudiantado acerca de los criterios e indicadores para la evaluación del aprendizaje. El análisis de los resultados mostró que el trabajo colegiado es clave para mejorar los procesos de evaluación del aprendizaje.
Planning Sungang-Quingshuihe neighbourhood for a new innovative growth centre of Shenzhen
Authors: Henk B. , Füge A. , Csomós Gy. 
Published: December 2015

Shenzhen is one of the most dynamically growing cities in the world with a population of more than 10 million. Situated in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China it is in the powerhouse of the global economy. Some decades ago Shenzhen was a small fishing village only, however, after its designation as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) the city has gone through rapid urbanization and industrial development. Therefore, currently, Shenzhen is one of the leading economic hubs of China, an important gateway of the large Chinese economy, and a sub-provincial administrative centre in the PRD.
Sungang-Quingshuihe (SQ) is a neighbourhood of 2.5 square kilometres, in Louhu district in the east of Shenzhen. The landscape system of SQ has been largely destroyed and fragmented by developments. Our main goal is to redesign SQ neighbourhood for an innovative growth centre of Shenzhen. We envisage SQ as a liveable area with new and modern functions for international residents who work in higher education, information communication industry, medical services, R&D facilities of multinational corporations, and research-oriented start-up companies. In order to accomplish this vision it is required to design new transportation system, public buildings, housing, green corridors and parklands.