bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and Co-Adsorption of Polyaldehyde Dextran Nanoparticles and Nonionic Surfactant at an Air–Water Interface: Potential Implications for Pulmonary Drug Delivery
Authors: Jabłczyńska Katarzyna , Sosnowski Tomasz R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Measurements of dynamic surface tension were carried out in aqueous systems (water or 0.1 mM Triton X-100) comprising nanoparticles formed from chemically modified polyaldehyde dextran (PAD). The nanostructures, considered as potential drug carriers in aerosol therapy, were obtained from biocompatible polysaccharides by successive oxidation and reactive coiling in an aqueous solution. The dynamic surface tension of the samples was determined by the maximum bubble pressure (MBP) method and by the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA). Experiments with harmonic area perturbations were also carried out in order to determine surface dilatational viscoelasticity. PAD showed a remarkable surface activity. Ward-Tordai equation was used to determine the equilibrium surface tension and diffusion coefficient of PAD nanoparticles (D = 2.3×10-6 m2/s). In a mixture with Triton X-100, PAD particles showed co-adsorption and synergic effect in surface tension reduction at short times (below 10 s). Tested nanoparticles had impact on surface rheology in a mixed system with nonionic surfactant, suggesting their possible interactions with the lung surfactant system after inhalation. This preliminary investigation sets the methodological approach for further research related to the influence of inhaled PAD nanoparticles on the lung surfactant and mass transfer processes in the respiratory system.
Coal Char Kinetics of Oxidation and Gasification Reactions
Authors: Lewtak Robert , Hercog Jarosław 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Experimental investigations and numerical simulations have been conducted in this study to derive and test the values of kinetic parameters describing oxidation and gasification reactions between char carbon and O2 and CO2 occurring at standard air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Experiments were carried out in an electrically heated drop-tube at heating rates comparable to fullscale pulverized fuel combustion chambers. Values of the kinetic parameters, obtained by minimization of the difference between the experimental and modeled values of char burnout, have been derived and CFD simulations reproducing the experimental conditions of the drop tube furnace confirmed proper agreement between numerical and experimental char burnout.
On 1-stable perfectly balanced Boolean functions
Authors: Smyshlyaev Stanislav V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe paper is concerned with relations between the correlation-immunity (stability) and the perfectly balancedness of Boolean functions. It is shown that an arbitrary perfectly balanced Boolean function fails to satisfy a certain property that is weaker than the 1-stability. This result refutes some assertions by Markus Dichtl. On the other hand, we present new results on barriers of perfectly balanced Boolean functions which show that any perfectly balanced function such that the sum of the lengths of barriers is smaller than the length of variables, is 1-stable.
Representation zeta functions of some nilpotent groups
associated to prehomogeneous vector spaces
Authors: Stasinski Alexander , Voll Christopher 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We compute the representation zeta functions of some finitely
generated nilpotent groups associated to unipotent group schemes
over rings of integers in number fields. These group schemes are
defined by Lie lattices whose presentations are modelled on certain
prehomogeneous vector spaces. Our method is based on evaluating

𝔭

${\mathfrak{p}}$

-adic integrals associated to certain rank varieties of
matrices of linear forms.
The Most Relevant Labour Market Competencies for Employers and their Assessment by Students
Authors: Varga Erika , Szira Zoltán , Bárdos Kinga Ilona , Hajós László 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Our paper is aimed at examining what principal business competencies (can) enhance the success and competitiveness of employees according to the employers and we also wish to explore what personality traits have a decisive effect on the decision-making mechanism in taking on new staff. At present employers can make selection from a lot of fresh graduates in economics so for them it is essential to know the competencies by which they are classified and ranked by the employers. However, it is also important to bear in mind from which aspects their opinion meet the employers′ expectations. Based on surveying the employers′ expectations, the required competencies play a vital role in the hiring process and they are mainly acquired in practical trainings. An answer is also sought to the question of how the rank order of competencies have been changed, how their role was appreciated and reevaluated and what skills and abilities are no longer or only to a slight extent necessary for success in the labour market vs. the ones that were not required previously but have become indispensable these days. One of our further objectives was to create and test a competency structure tailored to the current Hungarian labour market situation and specialities on the basis of the professional literature.
The New Responsibility and Challenge of Education: The Current and Prospective Situation of Philosophy for Children
Authors: Karikó Sándor 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Douglas Martin (an editor) wrote a memoir in New York Times about Matthew Lipman, the founder of philosophy for children, today’s classic thinker. Lipman’s death brought attention again for the philosophy for children’s status among professionals. Later one of the most prestigious international educational periodical review, the Journal of Philosophy of Education published a special edition - on account of Lipman’s death - about the analysis of present and future problems of philosophy for children. Paul Standish, the editor in chief, enhances Lipman’s thought in the Introduction, if the ability to think critically was not established in childhood: it would be unlikely later to flourish. Hence, he hit upon the idea of teaching philosophy to children, and the course that he developed spread, in its original or derivative forms, to more than 4,000 schools in the United States and more than sixty foreign countries, its materials translated into forty languages. The question has to be answered: where is the real place, value, function - within philosophy? What is philosophy for children’s “differentia specifica”? How to make the application of philosophy for children more effective and more convincing in both research and education?
Reasons for Non-appearance on Organized Cervical Screening in Hungary
Authors: Pakai Annamária , Brantmüller Éva , Réka Vajda , Karácsony Ilona , Balázs Péter 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The occurrence of cervix cancer is outstandingly high in Zala County, which is situated in the Western Transdanubian region of Hungary. The aim of our study was to reveal why women do not take the opportunity offered by the state and what reasons there are for the nonattendance at screenings. A total of 1000 Hungarian women aged 15 to 60 years were included in the sample. The results of our study revealed that 13.8% of women participating in our research program have never been to a gynaecological cancer screening. Concerning this fact, the following groups deserve greater attention: 15-19 years old, those only with basic school qualifications, the unmarried and the unemployed. To improve our national mortality indexes, it is necessary to continue the cancer screenings in a well motivated target population. Achieving this in cervix cancer screening, there are available conception and infrastructure alike provided by the health administration. The weakness of the system is the low participation rate of the population.
Natural silica sand modified by calcium oxide as a new adsorbent for uranyl ions removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Elhefnawy O. A. , Elabd A. A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Calcium oxide modified El-Zafarana silica sand (CMZS) was prepared as a new adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions in a series of batch experiments. The new adsorbent CMZS was characterized by different analysis techniques SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The influence of many parameters on the removal process like; effect of pH, contact time, U(VI) initial concentration and temperature on U(VI) removal were investigated. Kinetic experiments showed that U(VI) removal on CMZS followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model appropriately and the equilibrium data agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetics and isothermal data reveal the chemisorption process of U(VI) on CMZS. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°) were evaluated from temperature dependent adsorption data and the U(VI) removal on CMZS was found to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. U(VI) desorption from CMZS was studied by a simple acid treatment. The results indicate that CMZS is an effective adsorbent for U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Effect of Different Training Methods on Stride Parameters in Speed Maintenance Phase of 100-m Sprint Running
Authors: Cetin Emel , Hindistan I. Ethem , Ozkaya Y. Gul 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Cetin, E, Hindistan, IE, Ozkaya, YG. Effect of different training methods on stride parameters in speed maintenance phase of 100-m sprint running. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1263–1272, 2018—This study examined the effects of 2 different training methods relevant to sloping surface on stride parameters in speed maintenance phase of 100-m sprint running. Twenty recreationally active students were assigned into one of 3 groups: combined training (Com), horizontal training (H), and control (C) group. Com group performed uphill and downhill training on a sloping surface with an angle of 4°, whereas H group trained on a horizontal surface, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Speed maintenance and deceleration phases were divided into distances with 10-m intervals, and running time (t), running velocity (RV), step frequency (SF), and step length (SL) were measured at preexercise, and postexercise period. After 8 weeks of training program, t was shortened by 3.97% in Com group, and 2.37% in H group. Running velocity also increased for totally 100 m of running distance by 4.13 and 2.35% in Com, and H groups, respectively. At the speed maintenance phase, although t and maximal RV (RVmax) found to be statistically unaltered during overall phase, t was found to be decreased, and RVmax was preceded by 10 m in distance in both training groups. Step length was increased at 60–70 m, and SF was decreased at 70–80 m in H group. Step length was increased with concomitant decrease in SF at 80–90 m in Com group. Both training groups maintained the RVmax with a great percentage at the speed maintenance phase. In conclusion, although both training methods resulted in an increase in running time and RV, Com training method was more prominently effective method in improving RV, and this improvement was originated from the positive changes in SL during the speed maintaining phase.
Corrosion Behaviors of 10CrNiCu High Strength Steel in Simulated Deep Sea Environment of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Low Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Han W. , Tong H. , Wei S. , Xu B. , Zhang Y. , Lin Z. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper investigated 10CrNiCu high strength steel in a simulated deep sea environment of high hydrostatic pressure (HP) and low dissolved oxygen (DO) using microstructures, rust compositions, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that primary form of steel corrosion in this simulated high HP and low DO environment is pitting. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and laser Raman spectrum, it is found that HP and DO all accelerate corrosion rates, but they affect corrosion processes in different ways. HP simultaneously accelerates anodic and cathodic reaction rates, whereas DO mainly accelerate cathodic reaction rates. In the environment of high HP and low DO, oxygen concentration cell corrosion has a tendency to form on steel surface, which can accelerate pitting.
Hippocampal TNFα Signaling Contributes to Seizure Generation in an Infection-Induced Mouse Model of Limbic Epilepsy
Authors: Patel Dipan C. , Wallis Glenna , Dahle E. Jill , McElroy Pallavi B. , Thomson Kyle E. , Tesi Raymond J. , Szymkowski David E. , West Peter J. , Smeal Roy M. , Patel Manisha , Fujinami Robert S. , White H. Steve , Wilcox Karen S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCentral nervous system infection can induce epilepsy that is often refractory to established antiseizure drugs. Previous studies in the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced mouse model of limbic epilepsy have demonstrated the importance of inflammation, especially that mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), in the development of acute seizures. TNFα modulates glutamate receptor trafficking via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) to cause increased excitatory synaptic transmission. Therefore, we hypothesized that an increase in TNFα signaling after TMEV infection might contribute to acute seizures. We found a significant increase in both mRNA and protein levels of TNFα and the protein expression ratio of TNF receptors (TNFR1:TNFR2) in the hippocampus, a brain region most likely involved in seizure initiation, after TMEV infection, which suggests that TNFα signaling, predominantly through TNFR1, may contribute to limbic hyperexcitability. An increase in hippocampal cell-surface glutamate receptor expression was also observed during acute seizures. Although pharmacological inhibition of TNFR1-mediated signaling had no effect on acute seizures, several lines of genetically modified animals deficient in either TNFα or TNFRs had robust changes in seizure incidence and severity after TMEV infection. TNFR2–/–mice were highly susceptible to developing acute seizures, suggesting that TNFR2-mediated signaling may provide beneficial effects during the acute seizure period. Taken together, the present results suggest that inflammation in the hippocampus, caused predominantly by TNFα signaling, contributes to hyperexcitability and acute seizures after TMEV infection. Pharmacotherapies designed to suppress TNFR1-mediated or augment TNFR2-mediated effects of TNFα may provide antiseizure and disease-modifying effects after central nervous system infection.
Privileged Functional Connectivity between the Visual Word Form Area and the Language System
Authors: Stevens W. Dale , Kravitz Dwight J. , Peng Cynthia S. , Tessler Michael Henry , Martin Alex 
Published: April 2017

The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region in the left occipitotemporal sulcus of literate individuals that is purportedly specialized for visual word recognition. However, there is considerable controversy about its functional specificity and connectivity, with some arguing that it serves as a domain-general, rather than word-specific, visual processor. The VWFA is a critical region for testing hypotheses about the nature of cortical organization, because it is known to develop only through experience (i.e., reading acquisition), and widespread literacy is too recent to have influenced genetic determinants of brain organization. Using a combination of advanced fMRI analysis techniques, including individual functional localization, multivoxel pattern analysis, and high-resolution resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses, with data from 33 healthy adult human participants, we demonstrate that (1) the VWFA can discriminate words from nonword letter strings (pseudowords); (2) the VWFA has preferential RSFC with Wernicke's area and other core regions of the language system; and (3) the strength of the RSFC between the VWFA and Wernicke's area predicts performance on a semantic classification task with words but not other categories of visual stimuli. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the VWFA is specialized for lexical processing of real words because of its functional connectivity with Wernicke's area.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual word form area (VWFA) is critical for determining the nature of category-related organization of the ventral visual system. However, its functional specificity and connectivity are fiercely debated. Recent work concluded that the VWFA is a domain-general, rather than word-specific, visual processor with no preferential functional connectivity with the language system. Using more advanced techniques, our results stand in stark contrast to these earlier findings. We demonstrate that the VWFA is highly specialized for lexical processing of real words, and that a fundamental factor driving this specialization is its preferential intrinsic functional connectivity with core regions of the language system. Our results support the hypothesis that intrinsic functional connectivity contributes to category-related specialization within the human ventral visual system.
Nicotinic α4β2 Cholinergic Receptor Influences on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortical Neuronal Firing during a Working Memory Task
Authors: Sun Yongan , Yang Yang , Galvin Veronica C. , Yang Shengtao , Arnsten Amy F. , Wang Min 
Published: April 2017

The primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) subserves top-down regulation of attention and working memory abilities. Depletion studies show that the neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) is essential to dlPFC working memory functions, but the receptor and cellular bases for cholinergic actions are just beginning to be understood. The current study found that nicotinic receptors comprised of α4 and β2 subunits (α4β2-nAChR) enhance the task-related firing of delay and fixation cells in the dlPFC of monkeys performing a working memory task. Iontophoresis of α4β2-nAChR agonists increased the neuronal firing and enhanced the spatial tuning of delay cells, neurons that represent visual space in the absence of sensory stimulation. These enhancing effects were reversed by coapplication of a α4β2-nAChR antagonist, consistent with actions at α4β2-nAChR. Delay cell firing was reduced when distractors were presented during the delay epoch, whereas stimulation of α4β2-nAChR protected delay cells from these deleterious effects. Iontophoresis of α4β2-nAChR agonists also enhanced the firing of fixation cells, neurons that increase firing when the monkey initiates a trial, and maintain firing until the trial is completed. These neurons are thought to contribute to sustained attention and top-down motor control and have never before been the subject of pharmacological inquiry. These findings begin to build a picture of the cellular actions underlying the beneficial effects of ACh on attention and working memory. The data may also help to explain why genetic insults to α4 subunits are associated with working memory and attentional deficits and why α4β2-nAChR agonists may have therapeutic potential.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe acetylcholine (ACh) arousal system in the brain is needed for robust attention and working memory functions, but the receptor and cellular bases for its beneficial effects are poorly understood in the newly evolved primate brain. The current study found that ACh stimulation of nicotinic receptors comprised of α4 and β2 subunits (α4β2-nAChR) enhanced the firing of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex that subserve top-down attentional control and working memory. α4β2-nAChR stimulation also protected neuronal responding from the detrimental effects of distracters presented during the delay epoch, when information is held in working memory. These results illuminate how ACh strengthens higher cognition and help to explain why genetic insults to the α4 subunit weaken cognitive and attentional abilities.
APLP1 Is a Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecule, Supporting Maintenance of Dendritic Spines and Basal Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Schilling Sandra , Mehr Annika , Ludewig Susann , Stephan Jonathan , Zimmermann Marius , August Alexander , Strecker Paul , Korte Martin , Koo Edward H. , Müller Ulrike C. , Kins Stefan , Eggert Simone 
Published: April 2017

The amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, belongs to the family of synaptic adhesion molecules (SAMs) due to its impact on synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. These functions are mediated by both the secreted APP ectodomain that acts as a neurotrophic factor and full-length APP formingtrans-cellular dimers. Two homologs of APP exist in mammals: the APP like proteins APLP1 and APLP2, exhibiting functions that partly overlap with those of APP. Here we tested whether APLP1 and APLP2 also show features of SAMs. We found that all three family members were upregulated during postnatal development coinciding with synaptogenesis. We observed presynaptic and postsynaptic localization of all APP family members and could show that heterologous expression of APLP1 or APLP2 in non-neuronal cells induces presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons of cocultured neurons, similar to APP and other SAMs. Moreover, APP/APLPs all bind to synaptic-signaling molecules, such as MINT/X11. Furthermore, we report that aged APLP1 knock-out mice show impaired basal transmission and a reduced mEPSC frequency, likely resulting from reduced spine density. This demonstrates an essential nonredundant function of APLP1 at the synapse. Compared to APP, APLP1 exhibits increasedtrans-cellular binding and elevated cell-surface levels due to reduced endocytosis. In conclusion, our results establish that APLPs show typical features of SAMs and indicate that increased surface expression, as observed for APLP1, is essential for proper synapse formationin vitroand synapse maintenancein vivo.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccording to the amyloid-cascade hypothesis, Alzheimer's disease is caused by the accumulation of Aβ peptides derived from sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase. Here we show that all mammalian APP family members (APP, APLP1, and APLP2) exhibit synaptogenic activity, involvingtrans-synaptic dimerization, similar to other synaptic cell adhesion molecules, such as Neuroligin/Neurexin. Importantly, our study revealed that the loss of APLP1, which is one of the major substrates of BACE1, causes reduced spine density in aged mice. Because some therapeutic interventions target APP processing (e.g., BACE inhibitors), those strategies may alter APP/APLP physiological function. This should be taken into account for the development of pharmaceutical treatments of Alzheimer's disease.