bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate biosynthesis by a consortium of microorganisms
Authors: Eremia Mihaela Carmen , Lupescu Irina , Vladu Mariana , Petrescu Maria , Savoiu Gabriela , Stefaniu Amalia , Spiridon Maria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHAs) are specifically produced by a wide variety of bacteria, as an intracellular energy reserve in the form of homo- and copolymers of [R]-β-hydroxyalkanoic acids, depending on the C source used for microorganism growth, when the cells are grown under stressing conditions. In this paper we present microbiological accumulation of poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) by using a consortium of bacterial strains, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis, in a rate of 3:1, grown on a fermentation medium based on sodium octanoate as the sole carbon source. The experiments performed in the above mentioned conditions led to the following results: from 18.70 g sodium octanoate (7.72 g/L in the fermentation medium) used up during the bioprocess, 3.93-3.96 g/L dry bacterial biomass and 1.834 - 1.884 g/L PHA, containing 85.83 - 86.8% PHO, were obtained.
Utilization of unripe banana peel waste as feedstock for ethanol production
Authors: Waghmare Ashish G. , Arya Shalini S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBanana is second largest produced fruit of total world’s fruits. Cooking banana or plantains processing industry is generating enormous amount of waste in the form of unripe banana peel at one place, thus important to study waste management and utilization. Therefore, unripe banana peel was investigated for ethanol production. This study involved chemical characterization, optimization of acid hydrolysis, selection of yeast strain and optimization of fermentative production of ethanol from dried unripe banana peel powder (DUBPP). Ethanol concentration was determined using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Characterization of DUBPP revealed notably amount of starch (41% w/w), cellulose (9.3% w/w) and protein (8.4% w/w). 49.2% w/w of reducing sugar was produced by acid hydrolysis of DUBPP at optimized conditions. Three yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were screened for ethanol conversion efficiency, osmotolerance, ethanol tolerance, thermotolerance, fermentation ability at high temperature and sedimentation rate. Further, fermentation conditions were optimized for maximum ethanol production from acid hydrolysate of DUBPP. At optimized fermentation conditions, 35.5 g/l ethanol was produced using selected strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3095. Hence, unripe banana peel waste can be good feedstock for ethanol production.
High-throughput sequencing offers new insights into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Authors: Pang Alina P.S. , Sugai Christopher , Maunakea Alika K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Chemical modifications of DNA comprise epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of cellular activities and memory. Although the function of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been extensively studied, little is known about the function(s) of relatively rarer and underappreciated cytosine modifications including 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). The discovery that ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins mediate conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC, and other oxidation derivatives, sparked renewed interest to understand the biological role of 5-hmC. Studies examining total 5-hmC levels revealed the highly dynamic yet tissue-specific nature of this modification, implicating a role in epigenetic regulation and development. Intriguingly, 5-hmC levels are highest during early development and in the brain where abnormal patterns of 5-hmC have been observed in disease conditions. Thus, 5-hmC adds to the growing list of epigenetic modifications with potential utility in clinical applications and warrants further investigation. This review discusses the emerging functional roles of 5-hmC in normal and disease states, focusing primarily on insights provided by recent studies exploring the genome-wide distribution of this modification in mammals.
Baseline and elaboration
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany aspects of language and cognition involve an asymmetry describable in terms of a baseline (B) and various dimensions and levels of elaboration (E). The baseline has some kind of priority – being already established, in place, or under control – and is generally more substantive than elaborating elements. B/E organization is reflected in the control cycle, a very general cognitive model with many manifestations in everyday experience. Since elaboration produces a higher-level baseline, B/E organization involves successive strata, each a substrate for the next, which draws on additional conceptual resources creating a wider range of potential. Seriality and hierarchy represent special cases of this layered organization: in a serial structure each element provides the substrate for interpreting the next; and in composition, component structures function as a dual baseline for apprehending the more elaborate composite structure. B/E organization is characteristic of both individual structures and systems of opposing elements. Recognizing it eliminates the need to posit “zero” elements, as the zero member of a system is simply the baseline structure.
A novel In Vitro Model for Studying Nanoparticle Interactions with the Small Intestine
Authors: Schimpel Christa , Rinner Beate , Absenger-Novak Markus , Meindl Claudia , Fröhlich Eleonore , Falk Andreas , Zimmer Andreas , Roblegg Eva 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials provide promising features
for new technologies in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical
applications. On the other hand, orally ingested nanomaterials/
nanoparticles may interact with or enter intestinal cells
via different mechanisms, resulting in possible injuries of the
biological system. For that reason, the current study aims to
provide useful information concerning physicochemical properties
of nanoparticles with regard to cytotoxic effects and uptake
mechanisms in the small intestine. Differently charged polystyrene
nanoparticles were used and cytotoxicity and uptake were
studied with an intestinal in vitro co-culture model, mimicking
the villus epithelium and a triple-culture model recapitulating
the follicle-associated epithelium. Mechanisms of cellular transport
were investigated at 37°C and 4°C to verify that internalization
mainly occurs energy-dependently. Chemical inhibitors
(i.e., chlorpromazine, genistein, dynasore) were used to block
dynamin-dependent endocytic pathways without affecting cell
viability and membrane integrity. Qualification and quantification
were performed via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.
Furthermore, co-localization studies with commonly used
markers (i.e., transferrin, lactosylceramide) were carried out and
co-localization was assessed via calculation of Pearson´s correlation
coefficient and Mander´s overlap coefficient. The results
show that size and surface chemistry play a crucial role in cytotoxic
interactions and cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs).
Independent of the surface charge, NPs strongly interact with
intestinal mucus and are immobilized. Uptake predominantly occurs
via M cells and is surface-charge dependent. Whereas negatively
charged particles fail to enter cells, positive and neutral
particles penetrate M cells energy-dependently. More precisely,
both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis are involved.
It can be concluded that the presented system serves as a valuable
tool to assess safety aspects of manufactured nanomaterials
and hence, substantially contributes to nanosafety efforts.
On Distortion in Digital Microwave Power Amplifiers
Authors: Al-Mozani Dhamia , Wentzel Andreas , Heinrich Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a first study of distortion in digital power amplifiers (PA) is presented. The work is based on a voltage mode class-S PA with a GaN MMIC for the 900 MHz frequency band. The investigation focuses on the quasi-static amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortions. Different digital modulation schemes are applied and studied versus output power back-off. This includes two pulse-width modulation (PWM) versions as well as band-pass delta-sigma (BPDS) modulation. The results are verified by measurement data.
Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine under neutral and mildly alkaline conditions (NS pulping)
Authors: Hanhikoski Saara , Warsta Elina , Varhimo Antero , Niemelä Klaus , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Sodium sulphite pulping of Scots pine chips in the initial pH range of 7.5–9 was investigated at 180°C and 165°C (for 120–240 min), using chemical charges between 25 and 50% and anthraquinone (AQ) charges 0–0.2%. As a result, pulps with yields of 52–73% and kappa numbers of 35–106 were produced. Delignification was accelerated by higher Na2SO3 charges and temperatures, and by AQ addition, whereas the effect of initial pH was negligible. The high pulp yields at a given kappa number were attributable to high retention of hemicelluloses, especially that of galactoglucomannan. The relatively low viscosities of pulps were apparently caused by depolymerisation of cellulose by sulphite. The sulphonic acid groups in the pulps correlated well with the residual lignin content, although some sulphonation of polysaccharides may also be possible. The results indicate that pulping of softwood in buffer-free (without Na2CO3 and/or NaOH) sodium sulphite liquor may result in pulps with tailored characteristics.
In vitro activity of Lycium barbarum (Goji) against major human phase I metabolism enzymes
Authors: Liu Rui , Tam Teresa W. , Mao Jingqin , Salem Ammar , Arnason John T. , Krantis Anthony , Foster Brian C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background: Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) has been used as traditional Chinese medicine and a functional food in China. Goji tea may interact with drugs such as warfarin by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, and this study was undertaken to characterize the effect of Goji products on CYP2C9/19-, CYP2D6 *1/*10-, CYP3A4/5/7-, CYP19-, and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 3-mediated metabolism.

Methods: Goji juice, water, and ethanol extracts were examined for their effect on CYP2C9/19-, 2D6-, 3A4/5/7-, 4A11-, CYP19-, and FMO3-mediated metabolism by using in vitro bioassay. The mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of Goji juice on CYP3A4 was also examined.

Results: Data indicates that both fresh juice and commercially available juice caused strong inhibition (over 75 %) of most of the major CYP450 enzymes and moderate inhibition of FMO3 (30–60 %). Compared to juice, the Goji cold/hot water extracts effected low inhibition (below 30 %) of these enzymes. Ethanol (80 %) extracts exhibit the strongest inhibition on CYP2C9 and 2C19 (over 90 %). The inhibition pattern of dried and fresh berry extract and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV fingerprints were similar.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that Goji products (berries, tea, tincture, and juice) can inhibit phase I drug metabolism enzymes and have the potential to affect the safety and efficacy of therapeutic products.
High Ripples Reduction in DTC of Induction Motor by Using a New Reduced Switching Table
Authors: Mokhtari Bachir , Benkhoris Mohamed F. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The direct torque and flux control (DTC) of electrical motors is characterized by ripples of torque and flux. Among the many solutions proposed to reduce them is to use modified switching tables which is very advantageous; because its implementation is easy and requires no additional cost compared to other solutions. This paper proposes a new reduced switching table (RST) to improve the DTC by reducing harmful ripples of torque and flux. This new switching table is smaller than the conventional one (CST) and depends principally at the flux error. This solution is studied by simulation under Matlab/Simulink and experimentally validated on a testbed with DSPACE1103. The results obtained of a DTC with RST applied to a three-phase induction motor (IM) show a good improvement and an effectiveness of proposed solution, the torque ripple decreases about 47% and 3% for the stator flux compared with a basic DTC.
Nested GVZ-groups
Authors: Nenciu Adriana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We investigate the finite groups G for which

χ

(
1
)

2

=
|
G
:
Z

(
χ
)

|

${\chi(1)^{2}=|G:Z(\chi)|}$

for all characters

χ
∈

Irr
⁡

(
G
)

${\chi\in\operatorname{Irr}(G)}$

and

{

Z
⁢

(
χ
)

:

χ
∈

Irr
⁡

(
G
)

}

${\{Z(\chi):\chi\in\operatorname{Irr}(G)\}}$

is a chain with respect to inclusion. We call these groups nested GVZ-groups. We will show that for every

n
≥
2

${n\geq 2}$

there is a nested GVZ-group with nilpotency class n.
A family of non-Schurian p-Schur rings over groups of order p3${p^{3}}$
Authors: Kim Kijung 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Recently, it was proved that every commutative p-Schur ring over a group of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

is Schurian.
In this article, we consider the Schurity problem of non-commutative p-Schur rings over groups of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

.
In particular, we give a family of non-Schurian p-Schur rings over groups of order

p
3

${p^{3}}$

.
Multiple-Attribute Group Decision-Making Method under a Neutrosophic Number Environment
Authors: Ye Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs a neutrosophic number, which consists of a determinate part and an indeterminate part, can more easily and better express incomplete and indeterminate information that exists commonly in real situations, the main purposes of this paper are to provide a neutrosophic number tool for group decision-making problems with indeterminate information under a neutrosophic number environment and to develop a de-neutrosophication method and a possibility degree ranking method for neutrosophic numbers from the probability viewpoint as a methodological support for group decision-making problems. In group decision-making problems with neutrosophic numbers, through the de-neutrosophication and possibility degree ranking order of neutrosophic numbers, the ranking order of alternatives is performed well as the possibility degree ranking method has the intuitive meaning from the probability viewpoint, and then the best one(s) can be determined as well. Finally, two illustrative examples show the applications and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Suggested In-service Training Model Based on Turkish Preschool Teachersí Conceptions for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kabadayi Abdülkadir 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, teacher professionalization has been upgrading and the status, training and working conditions of teachers have received a great deal of interest for sustainable education. It is recognized that if teachers are equipped with adequate professional knowledge and personal practical knowledge, they will become active curriculum planners at schools - and will have the potentials to transform from “cook” to “chef” in teaching. Therefore, in-service training of teachers is one of the most effective ways of sharing professional experiences and a medium of sustainable education in the society. Based on the existing literature, the present study was conducted to investigate the preschool teachers’ needs about in-service training courses (INSET) to suggest an effective INSET model based on their INSET needs assessment for sustainable education in a Turkish setting. A questionnaire consisting of fixed-response, open-ended and Likertstyle questions was administered to preschool teachers (n=133) currently working in Tokat, one of the vicinities of Turkey, to obtain information about their background characteristics and to determine their conceptions and needs for INSET for sustainable education. The study comprises two steps. As a first stage, socio-demographic structures of the INSET participants are analyzed in respect to different variables. In the second stage, the preferences of the INSET participants are analyzed regarding before in-service training, while in-service training and after in-service training process.
An Exploration of Teaching Practices of Private, Public, and Public-Private EFL Teachers in Iran
Authors: Gholami Javad , Sarkhosh Mehdi , Abdi Heidar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the practices of public (high) school, private language institute, and public-private teachers. In particular, it aims at addressing the role of contextual factors, the variations teachers introduce to cope with them, and the degree of sustainable behaviour among these three groups of teachers. High school teachers consisted of those who taught only in high schools and the ones teaching both in high schools and private language institutes. For this purpose, classroom practices of 60 EFL teachers (N=20 per group) with 3 to 6 years of teaching experience and BA degree in TEF) were compared in terms of group/pair work, teacher talking time, L1 use, questioning, corrective feedback, and coverage of language skills. The findings of the study indicate that a significant difference exists among these three groups of teachers in terms of their practices. It is noteworthy that in the same teaching context of high school, the practices of teachers with and without private language teaching experience are significantly dissimilar except in the duration of pair/group work activities and the rates of repetition and explicit correction. This study suggests that high school EFL teachers with teaching experience in private language institutes subscribe more closely to the tenets of communicative language teaching and thus can act as powerful agents of sustainable language teaching in Iranian public schools.
Social Emotional Learning: Implementation of Sustainability-Oriented Program in Latvia
Authors: Martinsone Baiba 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article is focused on the description of the content and the implementation process of an originally developed, culturally appropriate and sustainable social and emotional learning program in Latvia. The article also includes the teachers’ self-reflected experience illustrated through the perspective of the program’s sample activities. The general goal of the program is to develop the emotional and social competencies of pupils, and at the same time to introduce to schoolteachers the principles necessary for combining academic and social emotional learning. As a preventive approach this program is aimed at all ages of pupils (from primary forms to secondary grades). During the school years 2012/ 13 and 2013/14 the social emotional learning program was introduced in 39 schools in Latvia (a total of 12 699 pupils). The participants implementing the program were 630 classroom teachers (614 female and 16 male with the mean age 45.04 years). As a result of the program implementation, social and emotional learning principles became a common approach for the entire school; the teachers became well versed on social emotional issues and received materials for conducting class lessons at each level; regular teacher supervisions were provided; regional supervisors were trained to sustain the pedagogical practice.
The Effect of Professional Development on Teacher Efficacy and Teachers’ Self-Analysis of Their Efficacy Change
Authors: Yoo Julia H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The current study examined the effect of an online professional development learning experience on teachers’ self-efficacy through 148 (Male=22; Female=126) K-12 teachers and school educators. The Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen- Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) was administered twice with a five-week gap. Additionally, all participants’ descriptive self-analysis of their own score change was examined to analyze teachers’ attributions of their self-efficacy change. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that teacher efficacy increased as a result of their online professional development experience. Participants’ self-analysis of their efficacy change provided some possible explanations for mixed reports for the influence of experience on teacher efficacy.
Social Equality as Groundwork for Sustainable Schooling: The Free Lunch Issue
Authors: Kairiene Brigita , Sprindziunas Andrius 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to discuss the way of organizing free lunch at public schools as an important precondition for social equality and sustainability in school, by revealing acute forms of social disjunction in Lithuanian schools as a major incongruity with Children Rights, and an obstacle to the achievement of general education goals. The objective of the study: to study the experience of pupils subject to free lunch in public schools, as well as the experience and viewpoints of pedagogues involved in the organization of free lunch in relation to social equality and sustainable schooling.
A qualitative research was conducted in several Lithuanian schools focusing on the experience of the pupils, who had the privilege of having cost-free lunch at schools, as well as the pedagogues involved in organizing free lunch. The research data indicated the violation of children’s rights to healthy nutrition, as the respondents complained about the quality and the way of implementation of free lunch in schools. The research data revealed some discriminatory practices of separate queues to provide dishes to pupils from needy families, and limited or lacking opportunities for them to choose dishes. The analysis of the research data led to the recommendation to professionally assess the correspondence of the organization of free meals in the aspects of effectiveness, legal regulation and ethics with children’s needs.
Squaring the Circle of Multiculturalism? Religious Freedom and Gender Equality in Canada
Authors: Shachar Ayelet 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is globally unique in that it includes explicit commitments to the values of multiculturalism and gender equality. Section 27 of the Charter provides that: “[It] shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians,” whereas section 28 states that: “Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.” The Canadian experiment (as I will call it) offers us a rare, living laboratory in which a thriving constitutional system searches for legal and institutional pathways to addressing seemingly incongruous demands, obligations, rights, and protections. This article identifies a range of concrete legal responses developed and articulated by Canadian judges and other policymakers in response to claims for fair inclusion raised by members of religious minority communities. Contributing to ongoing theoretical and legal debates, I will conceptualize three variants of such fair inclusion claims. I will then assess what the Canadian multicultural experiment can teach other comparable countries about principled and pragmatic responses to the challenge of “living together” in shared spaces such as workplaces, schools, courthouses, and during citizenship ceremonies. The discussion will then explore the promises and pitfalls of a jurisprudential approach that resists the hierarchy of rights formulas, and tries instead to cover all grounds so as to neither erase diversity nor sacrifice equality.