bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching Design Patterns Fast by Using Tree Traversals
Authors: Cicciarella Stefano , Napoli Christian , Tramontana Emiliano 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Large software systems need to be modified to remain useful. Changes can be more easily performed when their design has been carefully documented. This paper presents an approach to quickly find design patterns that have been implemented into a software system. The devised solution greatly reduces the performed checks by organising the search for a design pattern as tree traversals, where candidate classes are carefully positioned into trees. By automatically tagging classes with design pattern roles we make it easier for developers to reason with large software systems. Our approach can provide documentation that lets developers understand the role each class is playing, assess the quality of the code, have assistance for refactoring and enhancing the functionalities of the software system.
Sexuality in eating disorders patients: etiological factors, sexual dysfunction and identity issues. A systematic review
Authors: Castellini Giovanni , Lelli Lorenzo , Ricca Valdo , Maggi Mario 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The scientific community appears to be less interested in sexuality of eating disorders (EDs) as compared to other psychiatric or medical comorbidities. However, a clear association between sexual problems and ED psychopathology was reported from different perspectives. The overarching goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the general approach of the scientific literature toward the topic of sexuality and EDs. In particular, four different categories of research have been individuated, encompassing the role of puberty, and sexual abuse in the pathogenesis of the disorders, sexual dysfunctions, and the association between sexual orientation and EDs psychopathology. Timing of puberty with its hormonal consequences and the changes in the way persons perceive their own body represent a crucial period of life for the onset of the disorder. Sexual abuse, and especially childhood sexual abuse are well-recognized risk factors for the development of ED, determining a worse long-term outcome. Recent research overcome the approach that considers sexual activity of EDs patients, in terms of hypersexuality and dangerous sexual behaviors, considering the sexuality of EDs persons in terms of sexual desire, satisfaction, orgasm and pain. Results from this line of research are promising, and describe a clear relationship between sexual dysfunction and the core psychopathological features of EDs, such as body image disturbances. Finally, the analysis of the literature showed an association between sexual orientation and gender dysphoria with EDs psychopathology and pathological eating behaviors, confirming the validity of research developing new models of maintaining factors of EDs related to the topic of self-identity.
Pathophysiology of obesity on knee joint homeostasis: contributions of the infrapatellar fat pad
Authors: Santangelo Kelly S. , Radakovich Lauren B. , Fouts Josie , Foster Michelle T. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition characterized by inflammation, breakdown, and consequent loss of cartilage of the joints. Epidemiological studies indicate obesity is an important risk factor involved in OA initiation and progression. Traditional views propose OA to be a biomechanical consequence of excess weight on weight-bearing joints; however, emerging data demonstrates that systemic and local factors released from white adipose depots play a role. Hence, current views characterize OA as a condition exacerbated by a metabolic link related to adipose tissue, and not solely related to redistributed/altered weight load. Factors demonstrated to influence cartilage and bone homeostasis include adipocyte-derived hormones (“adipokines”) and adipose depot released cytokines. Epidemiological studies demonstrate a positive relation between systemic circulating cytokines, leptin, and resistin with OA types, while the association with adiponectin is controversial. Local factors in joints have also been shown to play a role in OA. In particular, this includes the knee, a weight-bearing joint that encloses a relatively large adipose depot, the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), which serves as a source of local inflammatory factors. This review summarizes the relation of obesity and OA as it specifically relates to the IFP and other integral supporting structures. Overall, studies support the concept that metabolic effects associated with systemic obesity also extend to the IFP, which promotes inflammation, pain, and cartilage destruction within the local knee joint environment, thus contributing to development and progression of OA.
Collaborative Navigation as a Solution for PNT Applications in GNSS Challenged Environments – Report on Field Trials of a Joint FIG / IAG Working Group
Authors: Kealy Allison , Retscher Guenther , Toth Charles , Hasnur-Rabiain Azmir , Gikas Vassilis , Grejner-Brzezinska Dorota , Danezis Chris , Moore Terry 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPNT stands for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. Space-based PNT refers to the capabilities enabled by GNSS, and enhanced by Ground and Space-based Augmentation Systems (GBAS and SBAS), which provide position, velocity, and timing information to an unlimited number of users around the world, allowing every user to operate in the same reference system and timing standard. Such information has become increasingly critical to the security, safety, prosperity, and overall qualityof-life of many citizens. As a result, space-based PNT is now widely recognized as an essential element of the global information infrastructure. This paper discusses the importance of the availability and continuity of PNT information, whose application, scope and significance have exploded in the past 10–15 years. A paradigm shift in the navigation solution has been observed in recent years. It has been manifested by an evolution from traditional single sensor-based solutions, to multiple sensor-based solutions and ultimately to collaborative navigation and layered sensing, using non-traditional sensors and techniques – so called signals of opportunity. A joint working group under the auspices of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), entitled ‘Ubiquitous Positioning Systems’ investigated the use of Collaborative Positioning (CP) through several field trials over the past four years. In this paper, the concept of CP is discussed in detail and selected results of these experiments are presented. It is demonstrated here, that CP is a viable solution if a ‘network’ or ‘neighbourhood’ of users is to be positioned / navigated together, as it increases the accuracy, integrity, availability, and continuity of the PNT information for all users.
Students’ perceived risk and investment intention: the effect of brand equity
Authors: Washington Macías , Shirley Espinoza , Lisset Gutiérrez , Regina Rodríguez 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Emerging markets bring out the question of motivation to include of new investors in the market for financial securities often arises. The purpose of this study is to analyze how brands influence the investment intention of young potential investors. Specifically, the relationship between consumer based brand equity - according to Aaker’s multidimensional conceptualization - and investment intention, mediated by perceived risk, is analyzed. The study contributes to the literature in two ways: (1) based on the revision made, no study has analyzed Aaker’s brand equity construct in investment decisions; (2) studies linking brand aspects to investment decisions have not examined the mediating role of perceived risk. Through an experiment, where perceived risk and investment intention in a famous brand were measured as differences from fictitious brands, the following results were found: (1) the investment intention in a famous brand is higher than in a non-famous one, once controlled for risk and return; (2) the higher the brand equity, the lesser the perceived risk of investing in the famous brand, and the higher the investment intention; (3) the perceived quality of a brand’s products was the dimension by which the effect of brand equity is transmitted. Involvement with the investment task and cognitive ability, at an individual level, the relative size of comparable firms, and the risk and return of investment alternatives were introduced as control variables.
Serum metal evaluation in a small cohort of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients reveals high levels of thiophylic species
Authors: De Benedetti Stefano , Lucchini Giorgio , Marocchi Alessandro , Penco Silvana , Lunetta Christian , Iametti Stefania , Gianazza Elisabetta , Bonomi Francesco 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has often been associated with improper/altered metal metabolism. Analysis of thiophylic metals in serum from a small and geographically restricted cohort of ALS patients indicates contents of Pb and Ni much higher in patients than in controls (Ni, 5-fold; Pb, 2-fold). Se levels are also higher in the patients’ group, which has instead lower As levels than controls. Thiophylic metals may impair biogenesis of FeS clusters or substitute for iron, even in folded proteins; Se may non-functionally replace S. Thus, improper assembly/ function of FeS proteins could represent another possible issue to be considered in ALS pathogenesis.
Revisiting judgment translation in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Le , He Lianzhen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs Hong Kong is the only common law jurisdiction operating in Chinese, alongside English, writing a common law judgment in Chinese is like exploring an uncharted domain in legal discourse. Apart from those judgments originally written in Chinese, Chinese judgments have also been prepared by way of translation from English. Besides, there are also English translations of Chinese judgments of jurisprudential value. Judgments in Hong Kong therefore present an interesting case for study both from a legal point of view and from the perspective of discourse analysis. As Chinese judgments in Hong Kong to a large extent mirror images of their English counterparts, they provide us with insights into how judicial thinking embodied in one language is carried over to another. As the translation of court judgments can serve as a clue to the understanding of how judicial thinking is transferred and reflected in another language, this study looks into some of the fundamental problems of legal translation in general and translation of court judgments in particular, showing how the sociosemiotic approach can shed light on those problems.
Showing what “marriage” is: Law’s civilizing sign
Authors: Chua Soo Meng Jude 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn “What is Marriage?” (2010), Girgis et al. explain how the legal redefinition of the traditional meaning of marriage would erode not only the institution, but also the common good. More importantly, they argue that there are principled reasons why the law should distinguish conjugal and revisionist conceptions of unions and retain the conjugal meaning of “marriage.” However their arguments I argue are problematic. Retrieving their insights, I develop a different argument on behalf of their case. By examining phenomenologically the dynamism of the life-world of relationships under the “conjugal” and the “revisionist” conceptions of marriage, rather than the physics of coitus and same sex activity, I argue that there is a distinct difference between the two types of unions. Also, conjugal unions matures us so that we can become other-caring persons, with civilizing effects that trickle outwards into the community from the core of a conjugal family unit. I conclude that the law should retain the traditional meaning of “marriage” to include only conjugal unions, in order to point to these instead of others, with the social and civilizing benefits these unions entail when young men and women aspire to and attain these.
Structural changes in inflation dynamics: multiple breaks at different dates for different parameters
Authors: Eo Yunjong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractI consider complicated patterns of structural breaks in postwar quarterly US inflation rates based on the CPI and the GDP deflator over the period from 1953:Q1 to 2013:Q4. Bayesian model selection procedures suggest that the two inflation measures had distinct structural changes in different parameters as well as at different dates. CPI inflation experienced a dramatic drop in persistence around the early 1980s, but GDP deflator inflation remains persistent throughout the postwar sample period. The residual variance for both inflation measures switched from a low volatility regime to a high volatility regime in the early 1970s, but returned to another low volatility regime at different dates: the early 1980s for GDP deflator inflation and the early 1990s for CPI inflation. The residual variance for CPI inflation has increased again since the early 2000s, while GDP deflator inflation has remained less volatile. I do not find evidence of a structural shift in the unconditional mean of either measure of inflation. When reviewing the recent literature, considerable controversy exists over the structural break in inflation persistence around the early 1980s but this appears to be dependent on the measures of inflation, as highlighted by the empirical findings in this paper.
Flow Field Measurement in Multi-stage Axial Compressor Stator by Using Multi-hole Pneumatic Probes
Authors: Zhiqiang Wang , Bo Lu , Chenkai Zhang , Jun Hu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn order to realize the stator’s internal flow field measurement of the multi-stage axial compressor, many different lengths of L-type five-hole probes and one four-hole probe have been designed. The detailed 3D (three-dimensional) flow fields in the stator blade passage of original and modified large scale compressors have been measured with the probes traversed by a probe traverse mechanism. The objective of the study is to assess the measurement method of adopting multi-hole pneumatic probes to achieve the flow field of stator vane passage. Results clearly demonstrate the flow field characteristics of stator blade passage in original and modified compressors. Furthermore, the reliability of adopted multi-hole pneumatic probes is validated. Therefore, it is proved that the probe traverse mechanism drives the L-type five-hole probe or other probe method can be applied to internal flow field measurements for the stator of large scale multi-stage compressors.
Constructing a Variable Coefficient Integrable Coupling Equation Hierarchy and its Hamiltonian Structure
Authors: Yu Fajun , Feng Shuo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
How to construct a variable coefficient integrable coupling equation hierarchy is an important problem. In this paper, we present new Lax pairs with some arbitrary functions and generate a variable coefficient integrable coupling of Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur hierarchy from a zero-curvature equation. Then the Hamiltonian structure of the variable coefficient coupling equation hierarchy is derived from the variational trace identity. It is also indicated that this method is an efficient and straightforward way to construct the variable coefficient integrable coupling equation hierarchy.
Geopolítica, geoestrategia y seguridad de Estado: La inteligencia como proceso de1 investigación social
Authors: Tirado Acero Misael 
Published: January 2016

<p>Resumen</p><p>Entender las actividades de inteligencia y su presencia vital para defender los intereses del Estado tiene una gran complejidad. Para ello es necesario retomar la importancia conceptual de la geografía nacional y sus consecuencias geopolíticas y geoestratégicas, llegando al plano de la inteligencia en el nivel estratégico. El presente texto, mas allá de intentar recoger las discusiones sobre estos asuntos, busca desarrollar, desde una perspectiva académica, las ideas necesarias que enmarcan las funciones de las agencias de inteligencia, para comprender su funcionamiento, sus dinámicas metodológicas y las finalidades geopolíticas que garantizan los objetivos nacionales.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p><br />Understanding the activities of intelligence and its vital presence to defend the interests of the state reflects a great complexity. This requires retaking the conceptual importance of the national geographic and its geopolitical and geostrategic implications, reaching the level of intelligence at the strategic level.<br />This text, beyond trying to pick up the discussions on these matters, seeks to develop, from an academic perspective, the necessary ideas that frame the functions of intelligence agencies, to understand how they work, their methodological dynamics and geopolitical backgrounds to ensure national objectives.</p><p> </p><p>Resumo:</p><p><br />Entender as atividades de inteligência e de sua presença vital para defender os interesses do Estado, reflete uma grande complexidade. Isso exige retomar a importância conceitual da geografía nacional e suas implicações geopolíticas e geoestratégicas, atingindo o nível de inteligência no nível estratégico. Este texto, além de tentar pegar os debates sobre estas questões, procura desenvolver, a partir de uma perspectiva acadêmica, as idéias necessárias que o quadro das funções de agências de inteligência, para entender como ele funciona, sua dinámica, fundos metodológicos e geopolítica para assegurar o nacional objetivos.</p><p> </p>
Aproximación a las fuentes de los derechos del hombre y del ciudadano: Notas sobre las fuentes filosóficas y jurídicas de la1 Declaración de 1789
Authors: ANGEL ROZO JHON 
Published: January 2016

<p>La Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano de 1789 es un documento histórico que contieneun gran valor desde el punto de vista filosófico, jurídico y político. El presente trabajo es un esfuerzopor esclarecer cuáles son las fuentes que dan lugar a la redacción de dicho documento. Concretamente sedestaca el iusnaturalismo como modelo de fundamentación, y en él se enfatiza en el análisis de algunosde los pensadores más notables que influyeron en las ideas allí decantadas. Se concluye con la mencióna los debates generados acerca de las fuentes que dieron lugar a su redacción.</p><p>Palabras clave: Revolución francesa, Declaración de los Derechos del hombre y del Ciudadano, iusnaturalismo,doctrina.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>The 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is a historical document containing a great valuefrom the philosophical, legal and political perspective. The present work is an effort to clarify the sourcesthat lead to the writing of the document. In particular, natural law stands out as a foundation model, andit is emphasized in the analysis of some of the most remarkable thinkers who influenced the ideas theredecanted. This article concludes with the mention of the debates about the sources that led to its writing.</p><p>Keywords: French Revolution, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, natural law, doctrine.</p><p>Resumo:A Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão de 1789 é um documento histórico que contém umgrande valor do ponto de vista filosófico, jurídico e político. O presente trabalho é um esforço para esclareceras fontes que levam à redação do documento. Em particular destaca-se como um modelo de fundaçãode direito natural, e é enfatizado na análise de alguns dos pensadores mais notáveis, que influenciaram asidéias não decantadas. Conclui-se com a menção dos debates sobre as fontes que levaram à sua escrita.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Revolução Francesa, a Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão, a lei natural, adoutrina.</p><p> </p>
The Influence of Religious Motivation and Students Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Towards Students Tolerance Attitude
Authors: Sa’diyah Rika 
Published: January 2016

Abstract The objective of this research is to find out the direct-indirect effects of religious motivation and PAI (Aqidah-Ibadah) learning outcomes on the attitude of tolerance. The method used in this research is path analysis. Subject of this research is selected randomly of 60 students from Muhammadiyah Senior High School Ciputat South Tangerang. The research findings are: (1) there are direct effects of religious motivation to Aqidah-Ibadah learning achievement; (2) there are direct effects of Aqidah-Ibadah learning achievement to the attitude of tolerance; (3) there are no direct effects of religious motivation to the attitude of tolerance; and (4) there are indirect effects of religious motivation to the attitude of tolerance through Aqidah-Ibadah learning achievement. These findings come up with a conclusion that students’ religious motivation affect the attitude of tolerance if they go through religious learning, It is because both the direct effects of religious motivation on religious learning achievement and the direct effects of religious learning on the attitude of retolerance are high. Therefore, all of students’ religious practices will be better if they go through religious learning and students’ religious learning will be better if they have high religious motivation. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung motivasi beragama dan hasil belajar PAI terhadap sikap toleransi siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah path analisis. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih secara acak yaitu 60 siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Ciputat Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menemukan: (1) ada pengaruh langsung motivasi beragama terhadap hasil belajar PAI; (2) ada pengaruh langsung hasil belajar PAI terhadap sikap toleransi siswa; (3) ada pengaruh langsung motivasi beragama terhadap sikap toleransi siswa; (4) ada pengaruh tidak langsung motivasi beragama terhadap sikap toleransi siswa melalui hasil belajar PAI. Penemuan ini menyimpulkan motivasi beragama siswa berpengaruh pada sikap toleransi jika mereka belajar agama. How to Cite: Sa’adiyah, R. (2015). The Influence of Religious Motivation and Students Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Towards Students Tolerance Attitude. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 70-82. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1672. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1672