bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La responsabilidad social empresarial, compromiso con la comunidad y el cuidado del medio ambiente
Authors: López Regalado Martha Elena , Perusquía Velasco Juan Manuel , Valladares Icedo Omar , Villalón Cañas Rocío , Ramírez Torres Margarita 
Published: November 2016

El concepto de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial ha evolucionado en los últimos años. En la actualidad, el objetivo principal de la empresa no radica solamente en satisfacer las necesidades monetarias de los accionistas, sino en buscar la participación de todos los involucrados en la empresa, con los diferentes grupos de interés que interactúan con el entorno, ya sean clientes, proveedores, trabajadores y la sociedad en general, impactando en la comunidad con acciones socialmente responsables. Debido a que el concepto ha adquirido nuevos matices como responsabilidad social, responsabilidad económica y responsabilidad medioambiental, entre otras, tratándose de la gran responsabilidad de las acciones que tienen las empresas de realizar actos sociales o del bien común para lograr sus objetivos sin perjudicar las economías de su comunidad, se presenta el siguiente trabajo, enfocado en especial en dos grandes indicadores de la responsabilidad social, como son el cuidado del medioambiente y el bienestar de la comunidad.
Participative Budgeting, Budgetary Slack And Job Satisfaction In The Public Sector
Authors: Kahar Suleman H. A. , Rohman Abdul , Chariri Anis 
Published: November 2016

This study explores the relationship of participative budgeting on budgetary slack in the public sector in Indonesia, by examining the roles of job satisfaction on these variables. A total of 185 budget managers of regional work units in the in North Maluku province government, Indonesia, participated in the survey. The effective rate of return was 82.52 percent. A structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of participative budgeting on budgetary slack. In particular, the study gives empirical evidences that participative budgeting factors affect budgetary slack mediated by intervening variables factors of job satisfaction. The results revealed the significantly negative effect of participative budgeting on budgetary slack, the significantly positive effect of participative budgeting on job satisfaction. This result affirmed the significantly negative impact of job satisfaction as a mediating variables on budgetary slack. However, the results could not find the indication of moderating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship of these variables.
Key Factors Influencing Pricing Strategies For Small Business Enterprises (SMEs): Are They Important?
Authors: Cant Michael Colin , Wiid Jan , Sephapo Catherine Mpolokeng 
Published: November 2016

Price is a critical component for any business and can be crucial in the survival of the business. If the price is not set in line with the selected target market it can negatively impact on the product and the company’s profitability. The main goals of any profit seeking organisation is to make a profit and in order to achieve this goal all areas related to the management of the product, costs and the setting of the price need to be managed correctly. The primary aim of this study was therefore to investigate the factors considered by small business enterprises (SME’s) when developing their pricing strategies. To address this problem adequately, the research methodology was based on the primary data collected from South African SMEs. As SME’s show common traits all over the world, it is accepted that any findings will be universally applicable. A questionnaire was distributed to 88 SMEs to gather relevant data regarding factors considered when determining prices. The data was quantified and analysed by examining the frequency of occurrences and the importance of the problem. The study found that SME’s generally agree that price setting is influenced by competitor information and macro environmental factors such as fuel prices and inflation. There was a general agreement amongst the SME’s that consumers relationships and the benefits that they, the consumers enjoy form the product as well as product performance are important aspects to consider when determining prices.
Entrevista com Dilséa Adeodata Bonetti
Authors: Serviço Social & Saúde Equipe 
Published: November 2016

Refere-se à noite de 22 de setembro de 1977, quando a tropa de choque da Polícia Militar e agentes do Departamento de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS), sob o comando do coronel Erasmo Dias, na época Secretário de Segurança Pública de São Paulo, invadiram as dependências do campus da Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC).
Aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) com a mensuração absoluta num problema de seleção qualitativa
Authors: De Carvalho Ressiguier Ribeiro Maria Celeste , Da Silva Alves Alex 
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) por meio dacombinação da mensuração relativa e absoluta, visando tratar um problema complexo de decisão. A motivação do uso desse método surgiu da necessidade de apoiar o Instituto Federal Fluminense (IFF), instituição pública que exerce atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, na seleção de diversas propostas de projetos submetidas à área de pesquisa. Tais projetos são submetidos à avaliação em vários critérios, em sua maioria, qualitativos e de difícil mensuração. Trata-se de um estudo de caso na área de pesquisa do Instituto Federal Fluminense, baseado em pesquisas bibliográficas, em consulta documental e em entrevistas não estruturadas. A aplicação do método tornou mais eficiente o processo de avaliação e gerou uma lista de priorização dos projetos capazes de atender aos requisitos exigidos por um projeto depesquisa científica, atendendo aos objetivos da Instituição.
Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tanaman Pangan dan Kambing Kosta di Kecamatan Carita Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten
Authors: Rusdiana Supardi , Sutedi Endang 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research was to determine the economic analysis of crop and livestock enterprises Costa goat. The experiment was conducted in the village of Sukarame District of Pandeglang Banten Carita. Interviews to 20 farmers the agro-ecosystem crops and livestock farmer Costa goat using questionnaires. Primary data obtained from interviews at the household unit farmers. While the secondary data obtained from the relevant authorities. Data analysis processed by descriptive qualitative, quantitative and economic analysis. The results showed that the corn plants net income around IDR.559.450,-/harvest with B/C ratio of about 1.2, whereas the results of raising of Costa goat net income approximately IDR.1.810.950,-/year, or equivalent of IDR.248.550,-/month with B/C ratio of about 1.1. The amount of man power corn farming around 131.12 HOK or equivalent of IDR.1.966.800,-/year, lot of time incurred by maize farmers are turning the land and mowing, while the man power Costa goat around 2.57 HOK or equivalent of IDR 38.550,-/year, the time used by farmers to shepherd. Agricultural of waste crops on the research site such as corn waste can be used as feed for Costa goat.
SIMULASI NUMERIK GELOMBANG (SPECTRAL WAVES) DAN BENCANA ROB MENGGUNAKAN FLEXIBLE MESH DAN DATA ELEVATION MODEL DI PERAIRAN KECAMATAN SAYUNG, DEMAK
Authors: Ondara Koko , Wisha Ulung Jantama 
Published: November 2016

<p>Pesisir Kecamatan Sayung merupakan wilayah abrasi di Kabupaten Demak yang terkena dampak paling parah dari kenaikan muka air laut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dinamika gelombang yang terjadi pada setiap kondisi pasang surut dan pengaruhnya terhadap rob serta <em>overtopping</em> yang terjadi. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan persamaan numerik, simulasi MIKE 21 dan model elevasi ArcGis. Hs tahun 2016 pada pasang purnama 0,015 – 0,359 m dan pada surut purnama 0,009 – 0,358 m. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang drastis genangan yang terjadi pada saat pasang dan surut. Luas area model genangan rob pada tahun 2016 sebesar 7200,36 Ha. Untuk jarak terjauh genangan rob dari garis pantai pada tahun 2016 sejauh 10826,7 m. Terdapat peningkatan tinggi gelombang termasuk kondisi pasut purnama dan perbani tiap tahunnya. Hal ini menunjukkan abrasi terjadi di pengaruhi oleh kikisan gelombang yang terjadi secara terus-menerus. Kenaikan muka air laut yang terjadi setiap tahunnya berbanding terbalik dengan luas genangan yang dihasilkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan yang preventif pada proses tata kelola ruang pesisir. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong><em>:</em><em> </em><em>model elevasi, gelombang, model numerik, banjir rob, Sayung</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p class="ColorfulList-Accent11" align="center"><strong><em>NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SPECTRAL WAVES AND ROB DISASTER USING FLEXIBLE MESH AND DATA ELEVATION MODEL IN WATERS OF SAYUNG DISTRICT, DEMAK</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><pre><em>Coastline area in subdistrict Sayung is an abrasion area in Demak which has the worst affected of sea level rise. The purpose of this study to determine the wave dynamics that occur in any tidal conditions and their effects on tidal flood and overtopping happened. The research method is quantitative descriptive using numerical equations, MIKE 21 simulation and ArcGIS elevation models. Hs 2016 on a tide 0.015 to 0.359 m and in full retroactively from 0.009 to 0.358 m. The results of data processing showed no drastic difference puddle that occur at high tide and low tide. The area of tidal inundation model in 2016 amounted to 7200.36 Ha. To the farthest distance from the shoreline tidal inundation in 2016 with a distance of 10826.7 m. There are an increasing wave heights including a full moon and neap tide conditions each year. This shows abrasion occurs is influenced by the piling up of waves that occur continuously. Sea level rise that occurs annually is inversely proportional to the resulting inundation area, so we need a preventive action on the processes of governance of coastal areas.</em></pre><pre> </pre><pre><strong>Keywords</strong><em>: elevation models, waves, numerical models, tidal flood, Sayung</em></pre><p><em><br /></em></p>
Permanent museum collections from alternative classrooms to tourist attractions: Comparative analysis of visits to National Museum of Valjevo's collections in periods from 1951 to 1961 and from 2001 to 2011
Authors: Krivošejev Vladimir , Bjeljac Željko 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to fully observe the differences in the structure of the audiences attending permanent museum collections and to point to museums' present day tasks. While the introductory part examines the problematic concerning museum audiences and the varieties of museum programs, the main portion of the paper presents the results of an analysis of the numbers and the structure of museum visitors in two periods set half a century apart: 1951-1961 and 2001-2011, with a control group: a more complete analysis of 2013's visitors.
The analysis of attendance during the fifties and the beginning of the 21st century was conducted on the basis of existing physical materials from the museum's internal archive, while the control analysis of 2013 attendance was conducted by a search of an electronic database.
The research pointed to significant differences in the structure of the visitor body in different periods, whether they were concerning the company arriving (individuals or organized groups), or their residence (in or out of town). In the fifties, town residents were the dominating visitors. They were frequenting the museum of their own accord, in their leisure time, as per their own wishes and needs, led by the desire to have a cultural experience and an informal self-education. Half a century later, with a broad spectrum of new media offering pastimes that were unavailable before, the audience was dominated by organized groups arriving from out of town; predominantly students on excursions. These differences indicate that there was a big shift in the function of permanent museum collections in the last fifty years. Their role as permanent educators of local population has significantly diminished, but their role as a leading tourist attraction has inflated nonetheless.
Carbon Sequestration in Response to Grassland–Shrubland–Turfgrass Conversions and a Test for Carbonate Biomineralization in Desert Soils, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Wang Jiaping , Monger Curtis , Wang Xiujun , Serena Matteo , Leinauer Bernhard 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Soil carbonate is typically viewed as a soil mineral that requires centuries to accumulate; our study indicates that it can be generated in months to years.
If the source of Ca is directly from silicate minerals, soil carbonate could be managed to sequester atmospheric CO2.
Carbon‐13 values can change in less than a decade for both soil organic and inorganic C.
This study uses an experimental pedology approach using controls, treatments, and replications.
This study uses an experimental pedology approach to examine (i) how the conversion of native C4 grassland to C3 woody shrubs then to irrigated C4 turfgrass affects both soil organic C (SOC) and soil inorganic C (SIC) and (ii) whether SIC can be enhanced by microbial biomineralization. Three sites were studied in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico. At each site, SOC, SIC, and their δ13C values were measured on control soil samples and compared to samples treated with liquid growth medium and Ca(OH)2 at 10 and 40 cm. The treated samples were left to react for 1 mo in February, May, and August of 2014. Using a space‐for‐time substitution, soil organic C decreased when native grasslands converted to desert shrubs, then sharply increased after desert shrubs were converted to irrigated turfgrass. Most surprising, however, was the increase of SIC in the turfgrass site, which doubled in 6 yr. The δ13C values of both SOC and SIC reflected the change from C4 to C3 then back to C4 vegetation and showed how rapidly SOC and SIC can change their isotopic signatures. Soil inorganic C formation was slightly higher for the liquid growth medium, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the treatments and control samples. In addition, no biomineralization was observed with microscopy, perhaps because the 1‐mo reaction time was too short and the amount applied was too small. Although SIC is typically viewed as a soil mineral that requires centuries to accumulate, our study indicate that SIC can be generated in months to years if the soil environment is suitable.
A Simple Approach to Enhance Multiprobe Soil Cone Penetrometer Analyses
Authors: Balkcom Kipling S. , Duzy Leah M. , Mitchell Charles C. , Delaney Dennis P. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
We describe a method to quantify soil strength with a multiprobe cone penetrometer.
An area‐under‐the‐curve calculation compares soil strength across treatments.
This value simplifies comparisons for depths and row positions of the soil profile.
Soil penetrometers measure penetration resistance to characterize soil strength for different management practices, primarily tillage. Our objective was to demonstrate a simple approach to quantify soil strength differences among treatments collected with a multiprobe cone penetrometer using cone index measurements to complement contour graphs and statistical analyses. The approach involves obtaining average cone index values by row position and calculating the area under the curve for cone index (AUCC.I.), with units of megapascal‐centimeters (MPa‐cm). Data were collected from a tillage and cover crop experiment in Prattville, AL (November 2009), and at the Old Rotation experiment in Auburn, AL (December 2014). Cone index values were averaged across depths for five row positions perpendicular to the center of the row (0 cm) and 22.5 and 45 cm on either side of the crop row. The approach identified that three conservation tillage implements reduced penetration resistance compared with no tillage based on AUCC.I. values from the Prattville experiment. Although no statistical comparisons were possible from the unreplicated Old Rotation experiment, AUCC.I. values were numerically lower for the 3‐yr rotation compared with continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the 2‐yr rotation. Results from both sets of cone index measurements demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) approach can be used to quantitatively distinguish among treatments. Results from the AUC approach can be used to facilitate simple comparisons among treatments in field experiments and aid in the interpretation of traditional statistical analyses combined with contour graphs.
Intrinsic Relationship between Matric Potential and Cation Hydration
Authors: Khorshidi Morteza , Lu Ning , Khorshidi Alireza 
Published: November 2016

Core IdeasExchangeable cations are important in water sorption, hydraulic conductivity, swelling, flocculation–deflocculation, and fertility.Intrinsic relationship exists between matric potential and cation hydration at very low water contents.Proposed model predicts soil water content at low matric potentials for different exchangeable cations in soil.Model is applicable for soil water retention models and quantification of different types of exchangeable cations.The origin of matric potential in the tightly adsorbed soil water retention (SWR) regime, where matric potentials are generally less than −150 MPa, remains unsettled. Surface tension in soil pores and van der Waals attraction (VDW) near particle surfaces are known, respectively, as the sources of matric potential for capillary and adsorbed film water. However, theories based on VDW fail to predict the SWR for matric potentials less than −150 MPa. Recent studies show that cation hydration occurs at matric potentials much lower than those predicted by considering a particle surface hydration originating from the VDW forces. With this basis, a theoretical soil water retention curve (SWRC) model for drying path is proposed to quantify matric potential and its retained water by accounting for all water sorption mechanisms on or within soil particles, particularly the cation–water molecule or charge–dipole interaction. It is found that clays at very low soil water content, typically less than a few percentage gravimetric, charge–dipole interaction energy, dominate matric potential. Experimental SWR data for various cation‐exchanged soils confirms the validity of the theoretical SWRC model and its accuracy, indicating that cation hydration is mainly responsible for SWR for matric potentials less than −150 MPa. Furthermore, the predicted lowest matric potentials at zero water content for various soils agree well with experimental data. The lowest matric potential of a soil depends mainly on the type of exchangeable cations and thus is not a universal constant for all soils. These results have potential applications in using SWRC for the determination of cation exchange capacity and types of exchangeable cations in soils.
Polymer-Based Novel Lung Targeted Delivery Systems
Authors: Elmowafy Enas , Osman Rihab , Ishak Rania A.H. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Due to its unique features, the respiratory tract had received great attention as a promising
non-invasive route for drug administration to achieve both local and systemic effects. Efforts spent to tailor
systems able to overcome the lung defence mechanisms and biological barriers are followed in this review. Aerodynamic
diameter, morphology, lung deposition and drug release profiles are the main criteria describing the
selected new smart lung targeted delivery systems.

Methods:

Novel systems such as nanoparticles, nano-embedded-in microparticles (NEM), small microparticles
(MP), large porous particles (LPP), PulmospheresTM and polymeric micelles are used to passively target different
areas in the respiratory tract. The most common preparation methods are outlined in the article. Special emphasis
was given to the characteristics of the polymers used to fabricate the developed systems. Efforts made to prepare
systems using chitosan (CS), alginate (alg), hyaluronic acid (HA), gelatin and albumin as examples of natural
polymers and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as synthetic polymers were
compiled.

Conclusion:
The continuous development and work in the area of lung targeting resulted in the development of
engineered smart platforms with the capability to carry small drug molecules, proteins and genes to treat a variety
of local and systemic diseases.
Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for the Enhanced Release of Therapeutic Agents to the CNS
Authors: Gagliardi Mariacristina , Borri Claudia 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The brain is the most protected organ in the human body; its protective shield, relying on
a complex system of cells, proteins and transporters, prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the
brain from the bloodstream but, on the other hand, it also stops drugs administered via the systemic route. To
improve the efficacy of pharmacological treatments, targeted drug delivery by means of polymer nanoparticles is
a challenging but, at the same time, efficient strategy.

Methods:
Thanks to a highly multidisciplinary approach, several ways to overcome the brain protection have
provided effective solutions to treat a large number of diseases. Important advances in polymer science, together
with the development of novel techniques for nanocarrier preparation, and the discovery of novel targeting
ligands and molecules, allow a fine-tuning of size, shape, chemicophysical properties and surface chemistry of
functional particulate systems; it enables the improvement of the therapeutic performances for several drugs, also
toward districts that are difficult to be treated, such as the brain.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on the great strides made from scientists and doctors in the development of
polymer nano-sized drug delivery systems for brain diseases. Even though the optimal nanocarrier was not yet
discovered, important advances were made to strive for safer, performant and successful systems, with the expectation
to find soon better solutions to cure some still untreatable pathologies.
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Serum Starvation Induces BACE1 Processing and Secretion
Authors: Stavropoulou A. V. , Mavrofrydi O. , Saftig P. , Efthimiopoulos S. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
β-secretase (BACE1) is a type 1 transmembrane protein implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease
(AD) pathogenesis. Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), initiated by BACE1 and followed by γ-secretase,
leads to the formation of toxic Aβ peptides. Increased levels of BACE1 have been detected in the CSF of AD patients
compared to age-matched healthy controls indicating that neurodegenerative conditions induce shedding of BACE1.

Objective:
To mimic such conditions, we examined whether serum deprivation stimulates proteolysis-dependent
secretion of BACE1.

Method:
Detection of BACE1 secretion in BACE1 overexpressing cells or ADAM10/ADAM17 knockout fibroblasts
cultured under serum deprivation conditions, using western blot analysis.

Results:
We found that serum deprivation of U251 neuroblastoma or HEK293T cells overexpressing BACE1 stimulated
secretion of BACE1. Using ADAM10/ADAM17 knockout fibroblasts and inhibitors of both ADAM10 and
ADAM17, we obtained data indicating that these proteases are involved in serum-starvation induced shedding of
BACE1. This is unexpected since BACE1 is localized mainly in lipid rafts while ADAM10 is localized mainly in
nonlipid raft domains. We hypothesized that serum deprivation results in alterations in the lipid composition of the
membrane which can alter the localization of ADAM10 and BACE1. In support, we obtained results indicating that
extraction of membrane cholesterol following incubation with methyl β cyclodextrin potentiated the effect of serum
deprivation. Secreted BACE1 was also found to be enzymatically active towards immunoprecipiated full length
APP.

Conclusion:

Serum starvation induces ADAM10-mediated BACE1 secretion.