bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Optical Method for Suppressing Radial Magnetic Error in a Depolarized Interference Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Zhou Yanru , Zhao Yuxiang , Zhang Dengwei , Shu Xiaowu , Che Shuangliang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBased on the theory of the radial magnetic error (RME) in depolarized interference fiber optic gyroscopes (D-IFOGs) under magnetic field, a new optical method is proposed to decrease the RME by adding a suppressing section fiber (SSF) in D-IFOGs. A related theoretical model is established, and the solutions of the parameters of the SSF are obtained with numerical calculations. Then the results of the suppressed RME are simulated. An experimental system is set up to verify the theory and simulation, and the experimental results prove that the RME can be suppressed effectively with a SSF added in the D-IFOG. The magnitude of the RME can be reduced to one-tenth of the original.
Secretory factors from OP9 stromal cells delay differentiation and increase the expansion potential of adult erythroid cells in vitro
Authors: Trakarnsanga Kongtana , Wilson Marieangela C. , Heesom Kate J. , Andrienko Tatyana N. , Srisawat Chatchawan , Frayne Jan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDevelopment of in vitro culture systems for the generation of red blood cells is a goal of scientists globally with the aim of producing clinical grade products for transfusion. Although mature reticulocytes can be efficiently generated by such systems, the numbers produced fall short of that required for therapeutics, due to limited proliferative capacity of the erythroblasts. To overcome this hurdle, approaches are required to increase the expansion potential of such culture systems. The OP9 mouse stromal cell line is known to promote haematopoietic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, however an effect of OP9 cells on erythropoiesis has not been explored. In this study, we show not only OP9 co-culture, but factors secreted by OP9 cells in isolation increase the proliferative potential of adult erythroid cells by delaying differentiation and hence maintaining self-renewing cells for an extended duration. The number of reticulocytes obtained was increased by approximately 3.5-fold, bringing it closer to that required for a therapeutic product. To identify the factors responsible, we analysed the OP9 cell secretome using comparative proteomics, identifying 18 candidate proteins. These data reveal the potential to increase erythroid cell numbers from in vitro culture systems without the need for genetic manipulation or co-culture.
Black silicon significantly enhances phosphorus diffusion gettering
Authors: Pasanen Toni P. , Laine Hannu S. , Vähänissi Ville , Schön Jonas , Savin Hele 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBlack silicon (b-Si) is currently being adopted by several fields of technology, and its potential has already been demonstrated in various applications. We show here that the increased surface area of b-Si, which has generally been considered as a drawback e.g. in applications that require efficient surface passivation, can be used as an advantage: it enhances gettering of deleterious metal impurities. We demonstrate experimentally that interstitial iron concentration in intentionally contaminated silicon wafers reduces from 1.7 × 1013 cm−3 to less than 1010 cm−3 via b-Si gettering coupled with phosphorus diffusion from a POCl3 source. Simultaneously, the minority carrier lifetime increases from less than 2 μs of a contaminated wafer to more than 1.5 ms. A series of different low temperature anneals suggests segregation into the phosphorus-doped layer to be the main gettering mechanism, a notion which paves the way of adopting these results into predictive process simulators. This conclusion is supported by simulations which show that the b-Si needles are entirely heavily-doped with phosphorus after a typical POCl3 diffusion process, promoting iron segregation. Potential benefits of enhanced gettering by b-Si include the possibility to use lower quality silicon in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices.
The sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction project (S2S) and the prediction of extreme events
Authors: Vitart Frédéric , Robertson Andrew W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction project (S2S) is a 5-year project, established in 2013 by the World Weather Research Program (WWRP) and the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). This paper briefly describes the S2S project in the context of extended range prediction of extreme events. We provide evidence that S2S forecasts have the potential to predict the onset, evolution and decay of some large-scale extreme events several weeks ahead. For instance, S2S models displayed skill to predict high probabilities of extreme 2-m temperature anomalies over Russia during the worst week of the 2010 Russian heat wave up to 3 weeks in advance. In other cases, like for tropical cyclone prediction, S2S models can produce useful information on the probability of the occurrence of tropical storms within sufficiently large areas through the prediction of large-scale predictors, such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). In future, S2S forecasts of extreme events could be integrated into a “ready-set-go” framework between seasonal and medium range forecasts, by providing an early warning of an extreme event a few weeks in advance. Finally, S2S forecasts can also be used to investigate the causality of some extreme events and we show evidence that the cold March 2013 over western Europe and North Asia was linked to a MJO event propagating over the western Pacific.
Low Pr‐doped Bi2O3 photocatalyst with long‐wavelength response: mechanisms by first‐principles calculation
Authors: Wang Guoying , Chen Xuefu , Li Lan , Shi Gaofeng 
Published: January 2018

The low Pr‐doped Bi2O3 photocatalyst was prepared via the acrylamide polymerisation method. The photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was evaluated by degrading methyl orange under visible‐light irradiation. In comparison to α‐Bi2O3 nanoparticles, 4% Pr‐α‐Bi2O3 photocatalyst exhibit obviously enhanced photocatalytic performance. The theoretical calculation and experimental results show that Pr doping can extend the optical absorption range from 436 to 518 nm and improve the photocatalytic efficiency from 40.9 to 70.4%. This long‐wavelength response can be happened because of Pr doping that gives rise to the modification of electron structure and the hybridisation of the energy levels.
Large-scale dynamos in rapidly rotating plane layer convection
Authors: Bushby P. J. , Käpylä P. J. , Masada Y. , Brandenburg A. , Favier B. , Guervilly C. , Käpylä M. J. 
Published: January 2018

Context.Convectively driven flows play a crucial role in the dynamo processes that are responsible for producing magnetic activity in stars and planets. It is still not fully understood why many astrophysical magnetic fields have a significant large-scale component.Aims.Our aim is to investigate the dynamo properties of compressible convection in a rapidly rotating Cartesian domain, focusing upon a parameter regime in which the underlying hydrodynamic flow is known to be unstable to a large-scale vortex instability.Methods.The governing equations of three-dimensional non-linear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are solved numerically. Different numerical schemes are compared and we propose a possible benchmark case for other similar codes.Results.In keeping with previous related studies, we find that convection in this parameter regime can drive a large-scale dynamo. The components of the mean horizontal magnetic field oscillate, leading to a continuous overall rotation of the mean field. Whilst the large-scale vortex instability dominates the early evolution of the system, the large-scale vortex is suppressed by the magnetic field and makes a negligible contribution to the mean electromotive force that is responsible for driving the large-scale dynamo. The cycle period of the dynamo is comparable to the ohmic decay time, with longer cycles for dynamos in convective systems that are closer to onset. In these particular simulations, large-scale dynamo action is found only when vertical magnetic field boundary conditions are adopted at the upper and lower boundaries. Strongly modulated large-scale dynamos are found at higher Rayleigh numbers, with periods of reduced activity (grand minima-like events) occurring during transient phases in which the large-scale vortex temporarily re-establishes itself, before being suppressed again by the magnetic field.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for a Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Zenonos Georgios , Snyderman Carl , Gardner Paul 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The current video presents the nuances of an endoscopic endonasal approach to a suprasellar craniopharyngioma.
Design The video analyzes the presentation, preoperative workup and imaging, surgical steps and technical nuances of the surgery, the clinical outcome, and follow-up imaging.
Setting The patient was treated by a skull base team consisting of a neurosurgeon and an ENT surgeon, at a teaching academic institution.
Participants The case refers to a 67-year-old man who presented with vision loss and headaches, and was found to have a suprasellar mass, with imaging characteristics consistent with a craniopharyngioma.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures consistent of the reversal of the patient symptoms (vision loss and headaches), the recurrence-free survival based on imaging, as well as the absence of any complications.
Results The patient's vision improved after the surgery; at his last follow-up there was no evidence of recurrence on imaging.
Conclusions The endoscopic endonasal approach is safe and effective in treating suprasellar craniopharyngiomas.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/p1VXbwnAWCo.
Orbitopterional Approach for the Resection of a Suprasellar Craniopharyngioma: Adapting the Strategy to the Microsurgical and Pathologic Anatomy
Authors: Nguyen Vincent , Basma Jaafar , Klimo Paul , Sorenson Jeffrey , Michael L. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives To describe the orbitopterional approach for the resection of a suprasellar craniopharyngioma with emphasis on the microsurgical and pathological anatomy of such lesions.
Design After completing the orbitopterional craniotomy in one piece including a supraorbital ridge osteotomy, the Sylvian fissure was split in a distal to proximal direction. The ipsilateral optic nerve and internal carotid artery were identified. Establishing a corridor to the tumor through both the opticocarotid and optic cisterns allowed for a wide angle of attack. Using both corridors, a microsurgical gross total resection was achieved. A radical resection required transection of the stalk at the level of the hypothalamus. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy. Understanding the cisternal and topographic relationships of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and internal carotid artery is critical to achieving gross total resection while preserving normal anatomy.
Participants The surgery was performed by the senior author assisted by Dr. Jaafar Basma. The video was edited by Dr. Vincent Nguyen.
Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed with extent of resection and postoperative visual function.
Results A gross total resection of the tumor was achieved. The patient had resolution of her bitemporal hemianopsia. She had diabetes insipidus with normal anterior pituitary function.
Conclusions Understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the suprasellar region and the pathological anatomy of craniopharyngiomas is necessary to achieve a good resection of these tumors. The orbitopterional approach provides the appropriate access for such endeavor.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Be6dtYIGqfs.
Bedeutung der Androgenrezeptor-Spleißvariante AR-V7 für Prognose und Therapie des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Thelen P. , Taubert H. , Duensing S. , Kristiansen G. , Merseburger A. S. , Cronauer M. V. 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungEin kürzlich entdeckter Mechanismus, welcher es Prostatakarzinomzellen ermöglicht, die Wirkung endokriner Therapien zu umgehen, ist die Synthese C-terminal verkürzter, konstitutiv aktiver Androgenrezeptor(AR)-Spleißvarianten (AR-V). Ohne eine funktionsfähige C-terminal gelegene Hormon- bzw. Ligandenbindedomäne sind viele AR-Vs unempfindlich gegenüber Therapien, welche sich gegen die Androgen-/Androgenrezeptor-Signalachse richten. Erste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass AR-V7, die häufigste AR-V-Form, ein vielversprechender prädiktiver Tumormarker sowie relevanter Selektionsmarker bei der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms ist. Die vorliegende Übersicht skizziert jüngste Fortschritte bei der AR-V7 Diagnostik und präsentiert einen Überblick über derzeitig durchgeführte zielgerichtete AR-V7 Therapien.
The Influence of Social Modeling, Gender, and Empathy on Treatment Side Effects
Authors: Faasse Kate , Yeom Brian , Parkes Bryony , Kearney James , Petrie Keith J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Social modeling has the capacity to shape treatment outcomes, including side effects.

Purpose
This study investigated the influence of social modeling of treatment side effects, gender, and participant empathy, on side effects of a placebo treatment.

Methods
Ninety-six participants (48 females) completed a study purportedly investigating the influence of modafinil (actually placebo) on alertness and fatigue. The participants were randomly seated with a male or female confederate and saw this confederate report experiencing side effects or no side effects. Participant empathy was assessed at baseline. Changes in modeled and general symptoms, and misattribution of symptoms, were assessed during the session and at 24-hr follow-up.

Results
During the experimental session, seeing side effect modeling significantly increased modeled symptoms (p = .023, d = 0.56) but not general or misattributed symptoms. Regardless of modeling condition, female participants seated with a female model reported significantly more general symptoms during the session. However, response to social modeling did not differ significantly by model or participant gender. At follow-up, the effect of social modeling of side effects had generalized to other symptoms, resulting in significantly higher rates of modeled symptoms (p = .023, d = 0.48), general symptoms (p = .013, d = 0.49), and misattributed symptoms (p = .022, d = 0.50). The experience of modeled symptoms in response to social modeling was predicted by participants’ levels of baseline empathy.

Conclusions
Social modeling of symptoms can increase the side effects following treatment, and this effect appears to generalize to a broader range of symptoms and symptom misattribution over time. Higher baseline empathy seems to increase response to social modeling.
Examination of Nutrition Literacy and Quality of Self-monitoring in Behavioral Weight Loss
Authors: Rosenbaum Diane L , Clark Margaret H , Convertino Alexandra D , Call Christine C , Forman Evan M , Butryn Meghan L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Few have examined nutrition literacy (i.e., capacity to process and make informed nutritional decisions) in behavioral weight loss. Nutrition literacy (NL) may impact necessary skills for weight loss, contributing to outcome disparities.

Purpose
The study sets out to identify correlates of NL; evaluate whether NL predicted weight loss, food record completion and quality, and session attendance; and investigate whether the relations of race and education to weight loss were mediated by NL and self-monitoring.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of 6-month behavioral weight loss program in which overweight/obese adults (N = 320) completed a baseline measure of NL (i.e., Newest Vital Sign). Participants self-monitored caloric intake via food records.

Results
NL was lower for black participants (p < .001) and participants with less education (p = .002). Better NL predicted better 6-month weight loss (b = −.63, p = .04) and food record quality (r = .37, p < .001), but not food record completion or attendance (ps > 0.05). Black participants had lower NL, which was associated with poorer food record quality, which adversely affected weight loss. There was no indirect effect of education on weight loss through NL and food record quality.

Conclusions
Overall, results suggest that lower NL is problematic for weight loss. For black participants, NL may indirectly impact weight loss through quality of self-monitoring. This might be one explanation for poorer behavioral weight loss outcomes among black participants. Additional research should investigate whether addressing these skills through enhanced treatment improves outcomes.

Clinical trial information
NCT02363010.
Spaces real and imagined
Authors: Davis Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Given the close relationship between residential spaces and monastic identities, ‘Spaces real and imagined’ looks at the locations where monks and nuns live in community: monasteries. It first focuses on monastic archaeology, considering examples from around the world. What can material evidence tell us about monks’ and nuns’ places and modes of habitation, from architecture to agriculture, from practices of visitation to visual culture? It then examines monastic stories and art to mine the meanings that such landscapes and homescapes had for their resident populations. What did the cell, the monastery, the desert, and the forest, signify for the monastic imaginary? How have local spaces imprinted themselves on monastic pieties, and vice versa?
A global phenomenon in the contemporary world
Authors: Davis Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
After serious decline from the 16th to 19th centuries, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed the flourishing of monastic practice worldwide. ‘A global phenomenon in the contemporary world’ considers what might explain this unexpected renaissance, and also asks what difference monasticism makes in modern times. It looks at the relationship between religion, nation, and identity and also modern hybrid monasticisms that have developed through four case studies: Scientology, Taizé and the so-called New Monasticism, certain kinds of ‘interspiritual’ monastic practice, and the Art Monastery Project. Monasticism has sometimes been radically redefined and adapted to the modern world, but these new forms of monastic practice continue to engage in ritualized acts of social differentiation.
Deep waters
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
‘Deep waters’ explains the role of François A. Forel in the birth and development of limnology, a new integrative science he defined as ‘the oceanography of lakes’. In his comprehensive monograph on Lake Geneva (1892), Forel subdivided the science of lakes into different disciplines and subjects. There were two aspects of Forel’s new science that set his thinking apart from many of his contemporaries. Studying the physical, chemical, and biological properties of lakes produced an integrated picture of the ecosystem. The second aspect recognized that human beings were also part of the ecosystem. The creation of lakes, their underwater shape, and the importance of lake sediments analysis is also discussed.
Extreme lakes
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
‘Extreme lakes’ describes a range of lakes that are of great scientific interest because of their unusual physical, chemical, and biological features. Salt water lakes occur in many parts of the world and are often highly productive, with a simplified food chain supporting large flocks of birds. Polar and alpine lakes are strongly affected by snow and ice, and are therefore sensitive to small changes in temperature across the freezing–melting threshold of water. Other extreme lakes include those that have acid and alkaline waters; geothermal hot-water lakes, and water bodies that periodically erupt, disgorging liquid and gas. In some, only the hardiest of ‘extreme-loving’ microbes can survive and grow.
Lakes and us
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Humans are not only part of the lake ecosystem through activities including lake shore development and transportation of goods and people, but we can also do great damage to a lake and its ability to provide essential services. ‘Lakes and us’ considers the impact of dam-building and the threats facing lakes due to the proliferation of algae and water plants caused by eutrophication and toxins formed by cyanobacterial blooms. It asks whether a eutrophic ‘dead lake’ can be restored to its original, near-pristine condition; and concludes that an integrated, system-level perspective on lakes is now vital in managing the world’s freshwater resources in the face of rapid, global, climate change.
Plasma Activation of a Breast Implant Shell in Conjunction With Antibacterial Irrigants Enhances Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Barnea Yoav , Hammond Dennis C , Geffen Yuval , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Goldberg Keren 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Infection and capsular contracture are two of the most significant complications of breast-implant surgery. Both complications are associated with bacterial contamination of the implant surface. Plasma activation of the surface of a silicone breast implant changes its surface properties from water repelling (hydrophobic) to water absorbing (hydrophilic), thus making it possible for antibacterial irrigants to temporarily adsorb onto the implant surface.

Objectives
To support our hypothesis that by changing the surface properties we could render antibacterial irrigation more effective in inhibiting bacterial growth on a breast implant shell.

Methods
An in vitro study using silicone discs cut from a textured silicone breast implant shell was performed by treating some of the discs with plasma activation and then exposing the discs to contamination with either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then variously treating the discs with 10% povidone iodine, Cefazolin, or Gentamicin. Bacterial contamination was verified and counted using contact plates as well as culture media.

Results
Plasma activation changed the wetting properties of the disc’s surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Nonplasma activated contaminated discs demonstrated clear bacterial growth both in the untreated group and in the antibacterial-treated group. Combining antibacterial treatment with plasma activation resulted in complete inhibition of bacterial growth in each of the groups treated with antibacterial irrigants.

Conclusions
Combining plasma activation with topical antibacterial irrigants can inhibit the growth of bacteria on implant shell discs. By changing the properties of the surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the adsorption of the antibacterial irrigants is enhanced.