bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance restoration of dielectric embedded antennas using omega like complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Asad M. Javid , Shafique M. Farhan , Khan Shahid A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis research work addresses the performance deterioration challenges of dielectric embedded patch antenna. Antennas installed on the surface of high speed aerial vehicles are usually surrounded by dielectric coating to cater for the environmental effects like friction and humidity, the presence of dielectric in the surrounding encourages the propagation of strong surface waves causing the pattern deterioration and increase in return loss. The surface waves are suppressed in two stages first with the help of substrate integrated waveguide cavity created on the back of patch antenna to reduce the leakage currents. Secondly the remaining surface waves which propagate in the dielectric are suppressed by simply placing an array of modified complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) on the surface of surrounding dielectric. CSRR is known to offer band‐gap characteristics thus it ensures complete blockage of the fundamental mode of surface waves without any additional fabrication complexity. The radiation pattern is restored and the return loss is reduced using the proposed techniques. The measured results from the fabricated prototype authenticate the proposed concept. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:357–362, 2017
A novel performance diversity modified elliptical patch antenna for C‐band applications
Authors: Rajagopal Chithradevi , Balakrishnapillai Suseela Sreeja , Noorullakhan Nafiza , Sankararajan Radha 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA novel modified elliptical patch antenna is designed to provide performance diversity for c‐band wireless applications. Initially antenna A and antenna B are designed to enhance the radiation efficiency and bandwidth, respectively. With the similar patch and substrate size of both antennas by controlling the length of the slots and width of the feed antenna C is designed to yield unique performance in a single element. Antenna C achieves the performance of enhanced radiation efficiency and bandwidth with the reconfigurable mechanism. When antenna C switch to antenna A configuration, it resonates in the frequencies of 3.7, 5.1, and 6.35 GHz have the radiation efficiency of 82.55, 83.3, and 87.09%, respectively and whenever it turns to antenna B configuration it resonates at the bands of 4, 4.8, and, 6.7 GHz have the bandwidth of 260, 300, and 240 MHz, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:408–415, 2017
Enhancement technique for loop type ground radiation antenna using ground mode tuning structure
Authors: Zahid Zeeshan , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an efficiency enhancement technique is proposed for a loop type ground radiation antenna on a small sized ground plane whose resonance frequency of the fundamental ground mode is significantly higher than the operating frequency. The efficiency is enhanced by matching the resonance frequency of the ground mode with the operating frequency. This was accomplished with a structure consisting of a loop of wire and inductors installed at both edges of the rectangular ground plane. The total length of each fabricated wire is 80 mm, which can be easily accommodated in the rim of a mobile device. The technique also increased the operating bandwidth. The measured efficiency of the antenna using the proposed technique is 47.44% and the bandwidth is 74 MHz at the Z‐wave band. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:476–478, 2017
Compact ultrawideband patch antenna based on multiple‐mode resonance and surface plasmon wave
Authors: Yuan Bo , Dai Yuanlong , Hong Zhang Xiao , Qing Luo Guo 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTA novel compact ultrawideband (UWB) pattern‐etched microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The microstrip antenna has two layers consists of a meshed top patch and a patterned bottom ground plane generating multiple‐mode resonance and surface plasmon wave. The proposed antenna is designed on the cheap FR4 substrate with compact size of 28 × 32 × 0.794 mm3. The simulated impedance bandwidth covers from 3.3 to 12 GHz for S‐parameter of less than −10 dB level. The measured return loss falls from 3.75 to 6.15 GHz and from 7.2 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna gain is generally higher than 1.7 dBi with the peak gain of 5.8 dBi. From the simulation and measurement results, it is observed that the proposed antenna has good radiation characteristics and ultrabandwidth for potential UWB applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:456–459, 2017
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and lambert‐eaton myasthenia in a patient with merkel cell carcinoma and voltage‐gated calcium channel antibodies
Authors: Pavolucci Lucia , Giannini Giulia , Giannoccaro Maria Pia , Foschini Maria Pia , Lang Bethan , Avoni Patrizia , Tinuper Paolo , Vincent Angela , Liguori Rocco 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare cutaneous, aggressive tumor. Although it shares many neuroendocrine features with small cell lung carcinoma, it has only occasionally been reported with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.MethodsA healthy 67‐year‐old man developed acute ataxia, vertigo, and nausea. Subsequently he also developed dysarthria, diplopia, xerostomia, fatigability and progressive anorexia. He underwent a full diagnostic workup and was found to have a high titer of voltage‐gated calcium channel antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, neurophysiological findings compatible with Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia and neurological signs compatible with cerebellar degeneration.ResultsA positron emission tomography study revealed a hypermetabolic lesion in the axilla, subsequently biopsied and consistent with Merkel cell carcinoma.ConclusionsIn most previous reports, neurological symptoms preceded the Merkel cell carcinoma diagnosis, and the primary localization was in lymph nodes. This tumor should be considered in patients with paraneoplastic syndrome, and particularly Lambert‐Eaton myasthenia after exclusion of small cell lung carcinoma. Muscle Nerve 56: 998–1000, 2017
Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of scapular winging
Authors: Krzesniak‐Swinarska Monika , Caress James B. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionClinicians who treat nerve and muscle disorders may be asked to evaluate patients who have unilateral or bilateral scapular winging. Traditionally, this evaluation has relied upon a thorough history, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic testing to localize the cause of winging and detect the underlying neuromuscular pathology. Neuromuscular ultrasound has emerged as a non‐invasive technique that can be used for structural evaluation of nerve and muscle abnormalities.MethodsPrevious studies of imaging in scapular winging and experiences from our diagnostic laboratory are reviewed. Results: Four standard and 4 ancillary ultrasound views are described for evaluation of scapular winging.ConclusionUltrasound is a non‐invasive, painless, and radiation‐free technology that can be used to evaluate scapular winging. Muscle Nerve 56: 7–14, 2017.
Heavier and lighter load resistance training to momentary failure produce similar increases in strength with differing degrees of discomfort
Authors: Fisher James Peter , Steele James 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt has been suggested that disparities in effort and discomfort between high‐ and low‐load resistance training might exist, which in turn have produced unequivocal adaptations between studies.MethodsStrength responses to heavier load (HL; 80% maximum voluntary isometric torque; MVIT) and lighter load (LL; 50% MVIT) resistance training were examined in addition to acute perceptions of effort and discomfort. Seven men (20.6 ± 0.5 years, 178.9 ± 3.2 cm, 77.1 ± 2.7 kg) performed unilateral resistance training of the knee extensors to momentary failure using HL and LL.ResultsAnalyses revealed significant pre‐ to post‐intervention increases in strength for both HL and LL, with no significant between‐group differences (P > 0.05). Mean repetitions per set, total training time, and discomfort were all significantly higher for LL compared with HL (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study indicates that resistance training with HL and LL produces similar strength adaptations, but discomfort should be considered before selecting a training load.Muscle Nerve56: 797–803, 2017
Detection of metabolite changes in response to a varying visual stimulation paradigm using short‐TE 1H MRS at 7 T
Authors: Mekle Ralf , Kühn Simone , Pfeiffer Harald , Aydin Semiha , Schubert Florian , Ittermann Bernd 
Published: December 2016

The two‐fold benefit of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at high B0 fields – enhanced sensitivity and increased spectral dispersion – has been used previously to study dynamic changes in metabolite concentrations in the human brain in response to visual stimulation. In these studies, a strong visual on/off stimulus was combined with MRS data acquisition in a voxel location in the occipital cortex determined by an initial functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. However, 1) to exclude the possibility of systemic effects (heartbeat, blood flow, etc.), which tend to be different for on/off conditions, a modified stimulation condition not affecting the target voxel needs to be employed, and 2) to assess important neurotransmitters of low concentration, in particular γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), it may be advantageous to analyze steady‐state, rather than dynamic, conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to use short‐TE 1H MRS methodology at 7 T to detect differences in steady‐state metabolite levels in response to a varying stimulation paradigm in the human visual cortex. The two different stimulation conditions were termed voxel and control activation. Localized MR spectra were acquired using the SPECIAL (spin‐echo full‐intensity acquired localized) sequence. Data were analyzed using LCModel. Fifteen individual metabolites were reliably quantified. On comparison of steady‐state concentrations for voxel versus control activation, a decrease in GABA of 0.05 mmol/L (5%) and an increase in lactate of 0.04 mmol/L (7%) were found to be the only significant effects. The observed reduction in GABA can be interpreted as reduced neuronal inhibition during voxel activation, whereas the increase in lactate hints at an intensification of anaerobic glycolysis. Differences from previous studies, notably the absence of any changes in glutamate, are attributed to the modified experimental conditions. This study demonstrates that the use of advanced 1H MRS methodology at 7 T allows the detection of subtle changes in metabolite concentrations involved in neuronal activation and inhibition.
Crown‐rump length audit plots with the use of operator‐specific PAPP‐A and β‐hCG median MoM
Authors: Sabria Joan , Guirado Laura , Miró Isabel , Gómez‐Roig Maria Dolors , Borrell Antoni 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveAudit the crown‐rump length (CRL) measurements taken at 11 to 13 weeks scan, using operator‐specific median multiples of the median (MoM) for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) plots, to identify deviations potentially related to a systematic CRL bias.MethodsStudy population included consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing first trimester combined screening, scanned by sonologists with at least 100 scans, during the 2011 to 2012 period. Previously described plots for PAPP‐A and β‐hCG median MoM points, with their 95% confidence intervals circles, in relation with the expected deviation line were used. These plots have been modified to adjust the deviation line to the sonologist‐specific expected MoM variation for each CRL millimetre bias according to each sonologist‐specific median gestational ages at both blood sampling and ultrasound.ResultsTwenty‐eight sonologists performing 9472 scans were included, accounting for 36% of the 77 sonologists and 70% of the 13 643 scans initially considered. Mean gestational age was 10 + 2 weeks at blood sampling and 12 + 4 weeks at ultrasound. Fifteen sonologists (53%) did not demonstrate any CRL bias, 10 (36%) present with a significant CRL underestimation, being above 2 mm in 6 (21%), and in 3 (11%) the observed deviation could not be explained by a systematic CRL bias.ConclusionsIn sonologists with more than 100 NT measurements, operator‐specific PAPP‐A and β‐hCG median MoM plots are able to identify deviations potentially related to a systematic CRL bias. Systematic underestimation above 2 mm was observed in 1/5 of them. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The exon junction complex: a lifelong guardian of mRNA fate
Authors: Woodward Lauren A. , Mabin Justin W. , Gangras Pooja , Singh Guramrit 
Published: December 2016

During messenger RNA (mRNA) biogenesis and processing in the nucleus, many proteins are imprinted on mRNAs assembling them into messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs). Some of these proteins remain stably bound within mRNPs and have a long‐lasting impact on their fate. One of the best‐studied examples is the exon junction complex (EJC), a multiprotein complex deposited primarily 24 nucleotides upstream of exon–exon junctions as a consequence of pre‐mRNA splicing. The EJC maintains a stable, sequence‐independent, hold on the mRNA until its removal during translation in the cytoplasm. Acting as a molecular shepherd, the EJC travels with mRNA across the cellular landscape coupling pre‐mRNA splicing to downstream, posttranscriptional processes such as mRNA export, mRNA localization, translation, and nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD). In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the EJC’s functions during these processes, and expound its newly discovered functions (e.g., pre‐mRNA splicing). Another focal point is the recently unveiled in vivo EJC interactome, which has shed new light on the EJC's location on the spliced RNAs and its intimate relationship with other mRNP components. We summarize new strides being made in connecting the EJC’s molecular function with phenotypes, informed by studies of human disorders and model organisms. The progress toward understanding EJC functions has revealed, in its wake, even more questions, which are discussed throughout. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1411. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1411This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Hydrolase BioH knockout inE. colienables efficient fatty acid methyl ester bioprocessing
Authors: Kadisch Marvin , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) originating from plant oils are most interesting renewable feedstocks for biofuels and bio-based materials. FAMEs can also be produced and/or functionalized by engineered microbes to give access to, e.g., polymer building blocks. Yet, they are often subject to hydrolysis yielding free fatty acids, which typically are degraded by microbes. We identified BioH as the key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of medium-chain length FAME derivatives in different E. coli K-12 strains. E. coli ΔbioH strains showed up to 22-fold reduced FAME hydrolysis rates in comparison with respective wild-type strains. Knockout strains showed, beside the expected biotin auxotrophy, unchanged growth behavior and biocatalytic activity. Thus, high specific rates (~80 U gCDW −1) for terminal FAME oxyfunctionalization catalyzed by a recombinant alkane monooxygenase could be combined with reduced hydrolysis. Biotransformations in process-relevant two-liquid phase systems profited from reduced fatty acid accumulation and/or reduced substrate loss via free fatty acid metabolization. The BioH knockout strategy was beneficial in all tested strains, although its effect was found to differ according to specific strain properties, such as FAME hydrolysis and FFA degradation activities. BioH or functional analogs can be found in virtually all microorganisms, making bioH deletion a broadly applicable strategy for efficient microbial bioprocessing involving FAMEs.
Sustainable Synthetic Approaches for the Preparation of Plant Oil‐Based Thermosets
Authors: Llevot Audrey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe good availability and high degree of functionalization possibilities of plant oils entitles them to be one of the most intensively studied renewable resources, especially in polymer science. However, in line with the principles of green chemistry, the use of renewable resources should be accompanied with catalytic procedures, comparably less or non‐toxic chemicals, as well as reduction of waste and energy consumption to achieve an overall sustainable process. In this review, these aspects are addressed using the example of plant oil‐based thermoset materials, which bear the advantage, in terms of sustainability, of not requiring a separation or purification step prior to polymerization. The direct homopolymerization of plant oils, as well as copolymerization, exclusively with other renewable resources, are highlighted. The sustainability of the synthesis of a broad range of thermosets including epoxy resins, polyurethane networks, polybenzoxazines and unsaturated polyesters is discussed.
Determination of Mineral Oil‐Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) in Vegetable Oils by Large Scale Off‐Line SPE Combined with GC‐FID
Authors: Li Bingning , Wu Yanwen , Liu Lingling , Ouyang Jie , Ren Jiajia , Wang Yu , Wang Xinxin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA method based on an off‐line large‐scale solid phase extraction (SPE) approach combined with conventional gas chromatographic‐flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) was developed to determine the mineral oil‐saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in vegetable oils. A large‐scale SPE column loaded with 10 g of activated silica gel impregnated with 1% silver nitrate which was used to retain lipids and olefins in vegetable oils and the MOSH in the oil samples was eluted with hexane. Then 2 μL concentrated solution was splitlessly injected into a common GC‐FID instrument. The quantification limit reached 2.5 mg/kg when the MOSH fraction was concentrated to 0.1 mL. The accuracy of this procedure, as assessed by measuring the recoveries from spiked oil samples, was higher than 80%. This procedure was applied to analyze the MOSH in 38 commercial vegetable oils from Chinese market, which was the first survey of mineral oil contaminant in Chinese edible oils. The oil samples contaminated with different levels of MOSH, among which, 15 samples contained no mineral oils and 3 samples were contaminated with more than 50 mg/kg of MOSH. The highest contamination level was found in one of rice oils, in which the concentration of MOSH was up to 713.36 mg/kg. Of the 9 types of oils analyzed, camellia oil contained MOSH ranging between 6.76 and 78.49 mg/kg, averaging 46.72 mg/kg, indicating a higher contamination level than other types of oils. The results suggested that it is necessary to routinely detect mineral oil contamination in vegetable oils for food safety.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Rhombencephalosynapsis
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Fazal Tauqeer Syed , Kumar Anjali , Mehta Sanjay , Saini Pankaj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRhombencephalosynapsis (RS) is a rare and sporadic cerebellar malformation characterized by agenesis of cerebellar vermis, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, dentate nuclei, and superior cerebellar peduncles. In majority of cases, RS is associated with wide range of cerebral malformations (dysgenesis or agensis of corpus callosum (ACC) and anterior commissurae, fusion of the inferior colliculi, cerebral peduncles, or thalami and hydrocephalus). A third gravida with 32 weeks of pregnancy was evaluated for hydrocephalus. The fetus had teardrop lateral ventricles, colpocephaly, upward displacement of third ventricle with abnormal posterior fossa, and an abnormal cerebellum formed by partly fused cerebellum in a single block with no individualization of the vermian structure suggestive of complete ACC with RS. Fetal MRI showed teardrop lateral ventricles, upward displacement of the third ventricle and colpocephaly partially fused cerebellar hemispheres, and no visualization of separate and distinct vermis with suspected fused superior cerebellar peduncles corroborating the ultrasound findings of complete ACC and partial RS. The baby had a very difficult postnatal course and succumbed on postnatal day 4. Prenatal diagnosis of RS and ACC is of utmost importance for prenatal counseling, as these abnormalities are uncorrectable and in most of the cases carries poor prognosis.
Assessing dental professionals’ understanding of tobacco prevention and control: a qualitative study in Västerbotten County, Sweden
Authors: Preet Raman , Khan Nausheen , Blomstedt Yulia , Nilsson Maria , Stewart Williams Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Aim:
To assess dental professionals’ understanding of tobacco prevention and control.

Materials and methods:
In Sweden dental hygienists receive training in tobacco prevention and control. The study setting is Västerbotton County in the north of Sweden where a number of successful tobacco control initiatives have been established. A purposeful sample comprising five male and four female dental professionals and trainees was selected. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and analysed using content analysis.

Results:
Informants acknowledged limited adherence to tobacco prevention. They were not confident of their knowledge of tobacco and non-communicable disease prevention and had limited awareness of global oral health policies. Reasons for poor adherence included professional fragmentation, lack of training, and the absence of reimbursement for time spent on prevention activities.

Discussion:
The success of efforts to reduce smoking in Västerbotton County is attributed to the network of local public health initiatives with very limited involvement by local dental professionals.

Conclusions:
The findings highlight the need to more actively engage the dental workforce in tobacco control and prevention. Moreover, it is important to recognise that dental professionals can be public health advocates for tobacco control and prevention at global, national and local levels.
The tumour microenvironment harbours ontogenically distinct dendritic cell populations with opposing effects on tumour immunity
Authors: Laoui Damya , Keirsse Jiri , Morias Yannick , Van Overmeire Eva , Geeraerts Xenia , Elkrim Yvon , Kiss Mate , Bolli Evangelia , Lahmar Qods , Sichien Dorine , Serneels Jens , Scott Charlotte L. , Boon Louis , De Baetselier Patrick , Mazzone Massimiliano , Guilliams Martin , Van Ginderachter Jo A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVarious steady state and inflamed tissues have been shown to contain a heterogeneous DC population consisting of developmentally distinct subsets, including cDC1s, cDC2s and monocyte-derived DCs, displaying differential functional specializations. The identification of functionally distinct tumour-associated DC (TADC) subpopulations could prove essential for the understanding of basic TADC biology and for envisaging targeted immunotherapies. We demonstrate that multiple mouse tumours as well as human tumours harbour ontogenically discrete TADC subsets. Monocyte-derived TADCs are prominent in tumour antigen uptake, but lack strong T-cell stimulatory capacity due to NO-mediated immunosuppression. Pre-cDC-derived TADCs have lymph node migratory potential, whereby cDC1s efficiently activate CD8+ T cells and cDC2s induce Th17 cells. Mice vaccinated with cDC2s displayed a reduced tumour growth accompanied by a reprogramming of pro-tumoural TAMs and a reduction of MDSCs, while cDC1 vaccination strongly induces anti-tumour CTLs. Our data might prove important for therapeutic interventions targeted at specific TADC subsets or their precursors.