bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in pseudo‐random number generators
Authors: Deng Lih‐Yuan , Bowman Dale 
Published: August 2017

Monte Carlo simulations have become a common practice to evaluate a proposed statistical procedure, particularly when it is analytically intractable. Validity of any simulation study relies heavily on the goodness of random variate generators for some specified distributions, which in turn is based on the successful generation of independent variates from the uniform distribution. However, a typical computer‐generated pseudo‐random number generator (PRNG) is a deterministic algorithm and we know that no PRNG is capable of generating a truly random uniform sequence. Since the foundation of a simulation study is built on the PRNG used, it is extremely important to design a good PRNG. We review some recent developments on PRNGs with nice properties such as high‐dimensional equi‐distribution, efficiency, long period length, portability, and efficient parallel implementations. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1404. doi: 10.1002/wics.1404This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Random Number Generation
Stability analysis in spatial modeling of cell signaling
Authors: Getz Michael C. , Nirody Jasmine A. , Rangamani Padmini 
Published: August 2017

Advances in high‐resolution microscopy and other techniques have emphasized the spatio‐temporal nature of information transfer through signal transduction pathways. The compartmentalization of signaling molecules and the existence of microdomains are now widely acknowledged as key features in biochemical signaling. To complement experimental observations of spatio‐temporal dynamics, mathematical modeling has emerged as a powerful tool. Using modeling, one can not only recapitulate experimentally observed dynamics of signaling molecules, but also gain an understanding of the underlying mechanisms in order to generate experimentally testable predictions. Reaction–diffusion systems are commonly used to this end; however, the analysis of coupled nonlinear systems of partial differential equations, generated by considering large reaction networks is often challenging. Here, we aim to provide an introductory tutorial for the application of reaction–diffusion models to the spatio‐temporal dynamics of signaling pathways. In particular, we outline the steps for stability analysis of such models, with a focus on biochemical signal transduction. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1395. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1395This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Analytical and Computational Methods > Dynamical Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Cancer Counseling of Low‐Income Limited English Proficient Latina Women Using Medical Interpreters: Implications for Shared Decision‐Making
Authors: Kamara Daniella , Weil Jon , Youngblom Janey , Guerra Claudia , Joseph Galen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn cancer genetic counseling (CGC), communication across language and culture challenges the model of practice based on shared decision‐making. To date, little research has examined the decision‐making process of low‐income, limited English proficiency (LEP) patients in CGC. This study identified communication patterns in CGC sessions with this population and assessed how these patterns facilitate or inhibit the decision‐making process during the sessions. We analyzed 24 audio recordings of CGC sessions conducted in Spanish via telephone interpreters at two public hospitals. Patients were referred for risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer; all were offered genetic testing. Audio files were coded by two bilingual English‐Spanish researchers and analyzed using conventional content analysis through an iterative process. The 24 sessions included 13 patients, 6 counselors, and 18 interpreters. Qualitative data analyses identified three key domains – Challenges Posed by Hypothetical Explanations, Misinterpretation by the Medical Interpreter, and Communication Facilitators – that reflect communication patterns and their impact on the counselor's ability to facilitate shared decision‐making. Overall, we found an absence of patient participation in the decision‐making process. Our data suggest that when counseling LEP Latina patients via medical interpreter, prioritizing information with direct utility for the patient and organizing information into short‐ and long‐term goals may reduce information overload and improve comprehension for patient and interpreter. Further research is needed to test the proposed counseling strategies with this population and to assess how applicable our findings are to other populations.
Social exposure and emotion dysregulation: Main effects in relation to nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Zelkowitz Rachel L. , Porter Andrew C. , Heiman Ellen R. , Cole David A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe examined the relation of interpersonal and media exposure to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among 340 university students in the southeastern United States (73.5% female, M age = 19.38 years, SD = 1.15). We also assessed interactions and main effects of each exposure and emotion dysregulation in relation to NSSI, testing the social learning hypothesis of NSSI. Most participants endorsed medium to high levels of exposure to NSSI via media sources. More than one‐third of participants were somewhat or very familiar with someone who engaged in NSSI. Almost half reported occasional or frequent conversations about NSSI. Both exposure forms were significantly related to NSSI history. However, hurdle regression analyses revealed that interpersonal exposure and emotion dysregulation, but not media exposure, were significantly associated with NSSI history and frequency. We did not find evidence for an emotion dysregulation‐by‐interpersonal‐exposure interaction. We discuss implications for theoretical models of NSSI, limitations, and future directions.
Arginine and aerobic training prevent endothelial and metabolic alterations in rats at high risk for the development of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Medeiros Renata F. , Gaique Thaiane G. , Bento-Bernardes Thais , Kindlovits Raquel , Gomes Tamiris M. B. , Motta Nadia Alice V. , Brito Fernanda Carla , Fernandes-Santos Caroline , Oliveira Karen J. , Nóbrega Antonio Claudio L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEndothelial function is a key mechanism in the development of CVD. Arginine and exercise are important non-pharmacological strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic changes in the metabolic syndrome, but the effect of their combined administration is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the isolated and combined effects of aerobic training and arginine supplementation on metabolic variables and vascular reactivity in rats at high risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and fructose (F – water with 10 % fructose). After 2 weeks, the F group was divided into four groups: F, fructose+arginine (FA, 880 mg/kg per d of l-arginine), fructose+training (FT) and fructose+arginine+training (FTA); treatments lasted for 8 weeks, and no difference was observed in body mass gain. Arginine did not improve the body protein content, and both the FA and FT groups show a reversal of the increase in adipose tissue. Insulin increase was prevented by training and arginine, without additive effect, and the increase in serum TAG was prevented only by training. The F group showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and hyperreactivity to phenylephrine, but arginine and training were capable of preventing these effects, even separately. Higher nitric oxide level was observed in the FA and FT groups, and no potentiating effect was detected. Thus, only training was able to prevent the increase in TAG and improve the protein mass, and training and arginine exert similar effects on fat content, insulin and endothelial function, but these effects are not additive.
Population dynamics of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): application of a biophysical model to understand phenological variation in an agricultural pest
Authors: Kleynhans E. , Barton M.G. , Conlong D.E. , Terblanche J.S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnderstanding pest population dynamics and seasonal phenology is a critical component of modern integrated pest-management programs. Accurate forecasting allows timely, cost-effective interventions, including maximum efficacy of, for example, biological control and/or sterile insect technique. Due to the variation in life stage-related sensitivity toward climate, insect pest population abundance models are often not easily interpreted or lack direct relevance to management strategies in the field. Here we apply a process-based (biophysical) model that incorporates climate data with life stage-dependent physiology and life history to attempt to predict Eldana saccharina life stage and generation turnover in sugarcane fields. Fitness traits are modelled at two agricultural locations in South Africa that differ in average temperature (hereafter a cold and a warm site). We test whether the life stage population structures in the field entering winter and local climate during winter directly affect development rates, and therefore interact to determine the population dynamics and phenological responses of E. saccharina in subsequent spring and summer seasons. The model predicts that: (1) E. saccharina can cycle through more generations at the warm site where fewer hours of cold and heat stress are endured, and (2) at the cold site, overwintering as pupae (rather than larvae) confer higher relative fitness and fecundity in the subsequent summer adult moths. The model predictions were compared with a large dataset of field observations from scouting records. Model predictions for larval presence (or absence) generally overlapped well with positive (or negative) scout records. These results are important for integrated pest management strategies by providing a useful foundation for future population dynamics models, and are applicable to a variety of agricultural landscapes, but especially the sugarcane industry of South Africa.
Spatial and temporal distribution, environmental drivers and community structure of mosquitoes in the Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
Authors: Cane R.P. , Hartley S. , Gradwell B. , Singe M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMosquito communities across the globe frequently comprise a mix of native and cosmopolitan species. New Zealand's mosquito communities are no exception. Here we describe the abundance, distribution and phenological patterns for a community of six mosquito taxa resident across the Kaipara Harbour region of northern New Zealand. Adult mosquitoes were sampled using baited light traps, serviced biweekly for 3½ years. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of adults were examined for correlations with temperature and rainfall over the preceding weeks. Four endemic species comprised over 98% of the total catch, with Coquillettidia iracunda being the most abundant. Two introduced species, Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus were widely distributed, but each comprised <1% of the total catch. Culiseta tonnoiri was the only species that appeared geographically restricted, occurring at one-third of the sites. Distinct temporal peaks in adult abundance were evident: Aedes antipodeus was most abundant in spring, Ae. notoscriptus and Cq. iracunda were most abundant in summer and Cx. quinquefasciatus was most abundant in autumn. Culiseta tonnoiri and Culex pervigilans were of variable abundance throughout the year. For all species examined, temporal variations in abundance were more strongly associated with temperature in the preceding weeks than with preceding rainfall. A better knowledge of the factors driving patterns of spatial and temporal abundance will allow an improved understanding of how non-native species may integrate themselves into resident mosquito communities.
REASON AND AUTHORITY IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Authors: Grant James A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn judicial review of administrative action, the pivotal distinction between decisions about “jurisdiction” (for the reviewing court) and “the merits of the case” (for the administrative decision maker) is a source of much confusion. This article argues that jurisdiction should be understood as the scope of legitimate authority, the best theory of which is Joseph Raz's service conception of authority. As well as explaining how to determine jurisdiction, this article explains that a legitimate authority's intra-vires decision “pre-empts” the reviewing court's judgment on the merits, and that the concept of jurisdiction precludes any standard of reasonableness for reviewing a legitimate authority.
THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RIGHT TO BODILY INTEGRITY
Authors: Herring Jonathan , Wall Jesse 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to explain and explore the concept of bodily integrity. The concept is often elided with autonomy in the case law and the academic literature. It argues that bodily integrity is non-reducible to the principle of autonomy. Bodily integrity relates to the integration of the self and the rest of the objective world. A breach of it, therefore, is significantly different to inteference in decisions about your body. This explains why interference with bodily integrity requires justification beyond what will suffice for an interference with autonomy. It also explores how this understanding of bodily integrity assists in understanding disability, gender and separated bodily material.
Immune responses induced by co-infection withCapillaria hepaticainClonorchis sinensis-infected rats
Authors: Moon E.-K. , Lee S.-H. , Goo T.W. , Quan F.-S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractClonorchis sinensisandCapillaria hepaticaare zoonotic parasites that mainly infect the liver and cause serious liver disorders. However, immunological parameters induced by co-infection with these parasites remain unknown. In this study, for the first time, we investigated immunological profiles induced by co-infection withC. hepatica(CH) inC. sinensis(CS)-infected rats (Sprague–Dawley). Rats were infected primarily with 50 metacercariae ofC. sinensis; 4 weeks later, they were subsequently infected with 1000 infectiveC. hepaticaeggs. Significantly higher levels ofC. sinensis- orC. hepatica-specific IgG antibodies were found in the sera of rats. Interestingly, no cross-reacting antibody was observed betweenC. sinensisandC. hepaticainfections. Significantly raised eosinophil levels were found in the blood ofC. sinensis/C. hepaticaco-infected rats (CS + CH) compared to the blood of rats infected singly withC. sinensis. Co-infected rats showed significantly higher levels of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production compared to a singleC. sinensisinfection. The worm burden ofC. sinensiswas significantly reduced in co-infected rats compared to the singleC. sinensisinfection. These results indicate that the eosinophils, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production induced by subsequent infection withC. hepaticainC. sinensis-infected rats might contribute to the observedC. sinensisworm reduction.
The early Franciscan doctrine of divine immensity: Towards a middle way between classical theism and panentheism
Authors: Schumacher Lydia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince Augustine, western medieval thinkers have largely identified ‘simplicity’ as the most fundamental feature of the divine nature. Although the western tradition of thinking about God has often been regarded as relatively continuous, I will demonstrate in this paper that a separate line of thought developed amongst early thirteenth-century Franciscan thinkers. This new tradition stressed God's immensity or infinity. In doing so, I will argue, it instigated a fundamental shift in the way of conceiving the nature of God that holds profound promise for reconciling factions in systematic theology today, particularly between classical theists and panentheists.
Evaluating outcomes of community-based conservation on Kenyan group ranches with remote sensing
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID , THORNE JAMES H. , SUMBA DAUDI , MURUTHI PHILIP , GREGORY-MICHELMAN NATASHA 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYConservationists have adopted community-based conservation (CBC) strategies to support landscape conservation programmes in East Africa, and these projects often involve community development assistance in exchange for a commitment to dedicating a portion of community lands for conservation management. There is, however, a dearth of empirical evidence assessing the effectiveness of CBC conservation programmes. This paper uses sub-metre-resolution satellite imagery to measure land-use change on four Kenyan group ranches that had created CBCs. Each ranch underwent a common participatory planning process that established a land-use plan involving three management zones: conservation, livestock grazing and settlement/cultivation. Using a satellite image time series, we recorded threat-based development – anthropogenic modification of natural areas and the density of structures – for each ranch. We found that CBCs with tourism lodges were more effective at controlling development than the CBCs without a lodge, particularly in the conservation zones and, to a lesser degree, in the grazing zones. We conclude that our use of very-high-resolution satellite imagery offers conservationists a cost-effective, fast and replicable approach to measuring CBC land-use change and that CBC projects can lead to positive conservation results.
Brucella suisbiovar 2 infection in humans in France: emerging infection or better recognition?
Authors: MAILLES A. , OGIELSKA M. , KEMICHE F. , GARIN-BASTUJI B. , BRIEU N. , BURNUSUS Z. , CREUWELS A. , DANJEAN M. P. , GUIET P. , NASSER V. , TOURRAND B. , VALOUR F. , MAURIN M. , O'CALLAGHAN D. , MICK V. , VAILLANT V. , JAY M. , LAVIGNE J. P. , DE VALK H. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYBrucellosis is usually acquired by humans through contact with infected animals or the consumption of raw milk from infected ruminants.Brucella suisbiovar 2 (BSB2) is mainly encountered in hares and wild boars (Sus scrofa), and is known to have very low pathogenicity to humans with only two case reports published in the literature. Human cases of brucellosis caused by BSB2 were identified through the national mandatory notification of brucellosis. The identification of the bacterium species and biovar were confirmed by the national reference laboratory. Epidemiological data were obtained during medical follow-up visits. Seven human cases were identified between 2004 and 2016, all confirmed by the isolation of BSB2 in clinical specimens. All patients had direct contact with wild boars while hunting or preparing wild boar meat for consumption. Five patients had chronic medical conditions possibly responsible for an increased risk of infection. Our findings suggest that BSB2 might be an emerging pathogen in hunters with massive exposure through the dressing of wild boar carcasses. Hunters, especially those with chronic medical conditions, should be informed about the risk of BSB2 infection and should receive information on protective measures.
AGB and post-AGB objects in the outer Galaxy
Authors: Szczerba Ryszard , Yung Bosco H. K. , Sewiło Marta , Siódmiak Natasza , Karska Agata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present the results of our search for low- and intermediate mass evolved stars in the outer Galaxy using AllWISE catalogue photometry. We show that the [3.4]−[12] vs. [4.6]−[22] colour-colour diagram is most suitable for separating C-rich/O-rich AGB and post-AGB star candidates. We are able to select 2,510 AGB and 24,821 post-AGB star candidates. However, the latter are severely mixed with the known young stellar objects in this diagram.
[WN] central stars of planetary nebulae
Authors: Todt H. , Miszalski B. , Toalá J. A. , Guerrero M. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhile most of the low-mass stars stay hydrogen-rich on their surface throughout their evolution, a considerable fraction of white dwarfs as well as central stars of planetary nebulae have a hydrogen-deficient surface composition. The majority of these H-deficient central stars exhibit spectra very similar to massive Wolf-Rayet stars of the carbon sequence, i.e. with broad emission lines of carbon, helium, and oxygen. In analogy to the massive Wolf-Rayet stars, they are classified as [WC] stars. Their formation, which is relatively well understood, is thought to be the result of a (very) late thermal pulse of the helium burning shell. It is therefore surprising that some H-deficient central stars which have been found recently, e.g. IC 4663 and Abell 48, exhibit spectra that resemble those of the massive Wolf-Rayet stars of the nitrogen sequence, i.e. with strong emission lines of nitrogen instead of carbon. This new type of central stars is therefore labelled [WN]. We present spectral analyses of these objects and discuss the status of further candidates as well as the evolutionary status and origin of the [WN] stars.
Planetary Nebulae in the UWISH2 Galactic Plane survey
Authors: Gledhill T. M. , Froebrich D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUWISH2 is the first unbiassed imaging survey of v =1 − 0 S(1) molecular hydrogen emission (λ = 2.122~μm) in the northern Galactic Plane. Here we discuss 284 extended emission line objects which we consider to be candidate planetary or pre-planetary nebulae. Some are clearly associated with known PN, but the majority (60%) have no previous detection. We have classified the objects according to morphology and find 53% are bipolar with half of these being new detections. The remaining objects are mostly elliptical/round (35%), fainter than the median sample flux (4.4 × 10−17 W m−2) and previously undetected (74%).
Exploiting the HASH Planetary Nebula Research Platform
Authors: Parker Quentin A. , Bojičić Ivan , Frew David J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe HASH (Hong Kong/ AAO/ Strasbourg/ Hα) planetary nebula research platform is a unique data repository with a graphical interface and SQL capability that offers the community powerful, new ways to undertake Galactic PN studies. HASH currently contains multi-wavelength images, spectra, positions, sizes, morphologies and other data whenever available for 2401true, 447likely, and 692possibleGalactic PNe, for a total of 3540 objects. An additional 620 Galactic post-AGB stars, pre-PNe, and PPN candidates are included. All objects were classified and evaluated following the precepts and procedures established and developed by our group over the last 15 years. The complete database contains over 6,700 Galactic objects including the many mimics and related phenomena previously mistaken or confused with PNe. Curation and updating currently occurs on a weekly basis to keep the repository as up to date as possible until the official release of HASH v1 planned in the near future.
Gaseous abundances in planetary nebulae: What have we learned in the past five years?
Authors: Delgado-Inglada Gloria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNearly 50 years ago, in the proceedings of the first IAU symposium on planetary nebulae, Lawrence H. Aller and Stanley J. Czyzak said that “the problem of determination of the chemical compositions of planetary and other gaseous nebulae constitutes one of the most exasperating problems in astrophysics”. Although the situation has greatly improved over the years, many important problems are still open and new questions have arrived to the field, which still is an active field of study. Here I will review some of the main aspects related to the determination of gaseous abundances in PNe and some relevant results derived in the last five years, since the last IAU symposium on PNe.