bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Luminescent Linear Complex Arrays of up to Eight Cuprous Centers
Authors: Stollenz Michael , Raymond Jeffery E. , Pérez Lisa M. , Wiederkehr Jessica , Bhuvanesh Nattamai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLinearly arranged metal atoms that are embedded in discrete molecules have fascinated scientists across various disciplines for decades; this is attributed to their potential use in microelectronic devices on a submicroscopic scale. Luminescent oligonuclear Group 11 metal complexes are of particular interest for applications in molecular light‐emitting devices. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a rare, homoleptic, and neutral linearly arranged tetranuclear CuIcomplex that is helically bent, thus representing a molecular coil in the solid state. This tetracuprous arrangement dimerizes into a unique octanuclear assembly bearing a linear array of six CuIcenters with two additional bridging cuprous ions that constitute a central pseudo‐rhombic CuI4cluster. The crystal structure determinations of both complexes reveal close d10⋅⋅⋅d10contacts between all cuprous ions that are adjacent to each other. The dynamic behavior in solution, DFT calculations, and the luminescence properties of these remarkable complexes are also discussed.
Unusual Fragmentation and Transformation of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene by a Stable Phosphonium–Borane peri‐Functionalized Naphthalene
Authors: Li Yufei , Mellerup Soren K. , Sauriol Francoise , Schatte Gabriele , Wang Suning 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 1‐phosphonium‐8‐borane‐decorated naphthalene molecule 2 has been found to react with N,N′‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMe), a popular member of the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) family, which converts it into two vinyl‐amine fragments one of which is trapped between the phosphonium and borane unit by the formation of a C−C and a B−N bond. The same reactivity was not observed for larger NHC molecules. Control experiments and mechanistic studies have established the involvement of an ylide–borane molecule and an imidazolium salt in addition to IMe carbene in this new transformation of an NHC.
Neuropeptide Y input to the rat basolateral amygdala complex and modulation by conditioned fear
Authors: Leitermann Randy J. , Rostkowski Amanda B. , Urban Janice H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTWithin the basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA), neuropeptide Y (NPY) buffers against protracted anxiety and fear. Although the importance of NPY's actions in the BLA is well documented, little is known about the source(s) of NPY fibers to this region. The current studies identified sources of NPY projections to the BLA by using a combination of anatomical and neurochemical approaches. NPY innervation of the BLA was assessed in rats by examining the degree of NPY coexpression within interneurons or catecholaminergic fibers with somatostatin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH), respectively. Numerous NPY+/somatostatin+and NPY+/somatostatin–fibers were observed, suggesting at least two populations of NPY fibers within the BLA. No colocalization was noted between NPY and TH or DβH immunoreactivities. Additionally, Fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracing with immunohistochemistry was used to identify the precise origin of NPY projections to the BLA. FG+/NPY+cells were identified within the amygdalostriatal transition area (AStr) and stria terminalis and scattered throughout the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The subpopulation of NPY neurons in the AStr also coexpressed somatostatin. Subjecting animals to a conditioned fear paradigm increased NPY gene expression within the AStr, whereas no changes were observed within the BLA or stria terminalis. Overall, these studies identified limbic regions associated with stress circuits providing NPY input to the BLA and demonstrated that a unique NPY projection from the AStr may participate in the regulation of conditioned fear. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2418–2439, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographic organization of the basal forebrain projections to the perirhinal, postrhinal, and entorhinal cortex in rats
Authors: Kondo Hideki , Zaborszky Laszlo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that the basal forebrain (BF) modulates cortical activation via its projections to the entire cortical mantle. However, the organization of these projections is only partially understood or, for certain areas, unknown. In this study, we examined the topographic organization of cholinergic and noncholinergic projections from the BF to the perirhinal, postrhinal, and entorhinal cortex by using retrograde tracing combined with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry in rats. The perirhinal and postrhinal cortex receives major cholinergic and noncholinergic input from the caudal BF, including the caudal globus pallidus and substantia innominata and moderate input from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, whereas the entorhinal cortex receives major input from the rostral BF, including the medial septum and the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band. In the perirhinal cases, cholinergic projection neurons are distributed more caudally in the caudal globus pallidus than noncholinergic projection neurons. Compared with the perirhinal cases, the distribution of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons projecting to the postrhinal cortex shifts slightly caudally in the caudal globus pallidus. The distribution of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons projecting to the lateral entorhinal cortex extends more caudally in the BF than to the medial entorhinal cortex. The ratio of ChAT‐positive projection neurons to total projection neurons is higher in the perirhinal/postrhinal cases (26–48%) than in the entorhinal cases (13–30%). These results indicate that the organization of cholinergic and noncholinergic projections from the BF to the parahippocampal cortex is more complex than previously described. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2503–2515, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conservation genetics in Chinese sheep: diversity of fourteen indigenous sheep (Ovis aries) using microsatellite markers
Authors: E Guang‐Xin , Zhong Tao , Ma Yue‐Hui , Gao Hui‐Jiang , He Jian‐Ning , Liu Nan , Zhao Yong‐Ju , Zhang Jia‐Hua , Huang Yong‐Fu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe domestic sheep (Ovis aries) has been an economically and culturally important farm animal species since its domestication around the world. A wide array of sheep breeds with abundant phenotypic diversity exists including domestication and selection as well as the indigenous breeds may harbor specific features as a result of adaptation to their environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the population structure of indigenous sheep in a large geographic location of the Chinese mainland. Six microsatellites were genotyped for 611 individuals from 14 populations. The mean number of alleles (±SD) ranged from 7.00 ± 3.69 in Gangba sheep to 10.50 ± 4.23 in Tibetan sheep. The observed heterozygote frequency (±SD) within a population ranged from 0.58 ± 0.03 in Gangba sheep to 0.71 ± 0.03 in Zazakh sheep and Minxian black fur sheep. In addition, there was a low pairwise difference among the Minxian black fur sheep, Mongolian sheep, Gansu alpine merino, and Lanzhou fat‐tailed sheep. Bayesian analysis with the program STRUCTURE showed support for 3 clusters, revealing a vague genetic clustering pattern with geographic location. The results of the current study inferred high genetic diversity within these native sheep in the Chinese mainland.
Tree species richness decreases while species evenness increases with disturbance frequency in a natural boreal forest landscape
Authors: Yeboah Daniel , Chen Han Y.H. , Kingston Steve 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding species diversity and disturbance relationships is important for biodiversity conservation in disturbance‐driven boreal forests. Species richness and evenness may respond differently with stand development following fire. Furthermore, few studies have simultaneously accounted for the influences of climate and local site conditions on species diversity. Using forest inventory data, we examined the relationships between species richness, Shannon's index, evenness, and time since last stand‐replacing fire (TSF) in a large landscape of disturbance‐driven boreal forest. TSF has negative effect on species richness and Shannon's index, and a positive effect on species evenness. Path analysis revealed that the environmental variables affect richness and Shannon's index only through their effects on TSF while affecting evenness directly as well as through their effects on TSF. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that species richness and Shannon's index decrease while species evenness increases with TSF in a boreal forest landscape. Furthermore, we show that disturbance frequency, local site conditions, and climate simultaneously influence tree species diversity through complex direct and indirect effects in the studied boreal forest.
A Family of Double Cubanes {CrIII2LnIII4O6} (Ln = Tb, Ho, Er, Yb, Y) Based on Sulfate: Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior in the Terbium and Erbium Analogues
Authors: Xiang Hua , Lu Wen‐Guan , Jiang Long , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Lan Yanhua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a family of compounds (pipzH2)[CrIII2LnIII4(µ4‐O)2(µ3‐OH)4(H2O)10(µ3‐SO4)4(SO4)2]·2H2O [hereafter abbreviated as Cr2Ln4; Ln = Tb (1), Ho (2), Er (3), Yb (4), and Y (5); pipz = piperazine] are reported. The compounds were obtained from hydrothermal reactions of Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = Tb, Ho, Er, Yb, and Y), Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, Na2SO4, and pipz in a 2:1:3:4 molar ratio. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that 1–5 crystallize isomorphously in the space group P21/c with Z = 2. The metallic core is composed of a rare face‐fused double‐cubane [CrIII2LnIII4(µ4‐O2–)2(µ3‐OH–)4]10+ unit. The temperature dependence of bulk magnetic susceptibilities is indicative of antiferromagnetic interactions dominant in the Tb, Ho, and Er compounds. In fitting with the data of the diamagnetic YIII analogue, the interactions of Cr–Cr in this system are determined to be ferromagnetic with a coupling strength of 3.61(11) cm–1, but the type of Cr–Ln could be antiferromagnetic. The dynamic magnetic properties revealed the presence of slow magnetic relaxation in the Tb and Er analogues, which represent two rare examples of CrIII‐containing clusters that exhibit single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐(5‐Arylthiazolyl) α‐Amino Acids and Use in Neurotensin Analogues
Authors: Hapău Denisa , Rémond Emmanuelle , Fanelli Roberto , Vivancos Mélanie , René Adeline , Côté Jérôme , Besserer‐Offroy Élie , Longpré Jean‐Michel , Martinez Jean , Zaharia Valentin , Sarret Philippe , Cavelier Florine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of new unnatural amino acids bearing a β‐arylthiazole side chain was synthesized by exploiting a diastereoselective alkylation starting from glycine tert‐butyl ester Schiff base with hydroxypinanone as the chiral inducer. This strategy afforded β‐arylthiazole alanines in good chemical yields and with 98 % ee. Due to their aromatic properties, these newly generated amino acids were used to prepare neurotensin (NT)[8–13] analogues by serving as replacements for the native Tyr11 residue. Incorporation of the (L)‐(+)‐(β‐phenylthiazol‐4‐yl)alanine residue at NT[8–13] position 11 improved plasma stability and selectivity towards NTS1, while also preserving native receptor binding affinity and biological activity.
Wavelet analysis for relating soil amplification and liquefaction effects with seismic performance of precast structures
Authors: Smyrou Eleni , Bal İhsan Engin , Tasiopoulou Panagiota , Gazetas George 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPrecast concrete structures are preferred for facilities with large open areas due to easiness in construction. Such structures are typically composed of individual columns and long‐span beams, and are quite flexible and of limited redundancy. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analyses of a typical such structure are conducted using as excitation 54 ground motions recorded on top of a variety of soils (hard, soft, and liquefied soil sites). The results show that liquefaction‐affected level‐ground motions systematically impose a greater threat to precast‐concrete structures in terms of seismic demand, even when low values of elastic spectral acceleration prevail, as opposed to soft‐soil records and even more to hard‐soil ones. Thus, elastic spectral acceleration appears to be an insufficient engineering demand parameter for design. Soil effects, the “signature” of which is born on ground motions, are first uncovered using wavelet analysis to detect the evolution of the energy and frequency content of the ground motion in the time domain. From this, the changes in effective (“dominant”) excitation period are noted, persuasively attributed to the nature of the soil, and finally correlated with the observed structural behavior. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streambank sediment loading rates at the watershed scale and the benefit of riparian protection
Authors: Purvis Rebecca A. , Fox Garey A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStreambank erosion is a pathway for sediment and nutrient loading to streams, but insufficient data exist on the magnitude of this source. Riparian protection can significantly decrease streambank erosion in some locations, but estimates of actual sediment load reductions are limited. The objective of this research was to quantify watershed‐scale streambank erosion and estimate the benefits of riparian protection. The research focused on Spavinaw Creek within the Eucha‐Spavinaw watershed in eastern Oklahoma, where composite streambanks consist of a small cohesive topsoil layer underlain by non‐cohesive gravel. Fine sediment erosion from 2003 to 2013 was derived using aerial photography and processed in ArcMap to quantify eroded area. ArcMap was also utilized in determining the bank retreat rate at various locations in relation to the riparian vegetation buffer width. Box and whisker plots clearly showed that sites with riparian vegetation had on average three times less bank retreat than unprotected banks, statistically significant based on non‐parametric t‐tests. The total soil mass eroded from 2003 to 2013 was estimated at 7.27 × 107 kg yr.−1, and the average bank retreat was 2.5 m yr.−1. Many current erosion models assume that fluvial erosion is the dominant stream erosion process. Bank retreat was positively correlated with stream discharge and/or stream power, but with considerable variability, suggesting that mass wasting plays an important role in streambank erosion within this watershed. Finally, watershed monitoring programs commonly characterize erosion at only a few sites and may scale results to the entire watershed. Selection of random sites and scaling to the watershed scale greatly underestimated the actual erosion and loading rates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ethers and transcription and activity of type 1 deiodinase in a gull highly exposed to flame retardants
Authors: François Anthony , Técher Romy , Houde Magali , Spear Philip , Verreault Jonathan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Deca-brominated diphenyl ether (deca-BDE), composed mainly of BDE-209, is subject to usage restrictions in North America and Europe, although global action on its continued use has yet to be undertaken. Relatively large concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially BDE-209 and its higher brominated degradation products, have been reported in tissues of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding near the densely populated city of Montreal (QC, Canada). There is limited knowledge of BDE-209 biotransformation and toxicokinetics in birds. Deiodinases, a class of enzymes catalyzing thyroid hormone conversion, have been suggested to be involved in BDE-209 debromination in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between PBDE concentrations and type 1 deiodinase (D1) transcription and in vitro activity (microsomes) in livers of Montreal-breeding ring-billed gulls. The ring-billed gulls exhibiting the highest D1 activity in liver microsomes accumulated the greatest liver concentrations of hepta-BDEs and octa-BDEs. Activity of D1 was inversely related to concentration ratios of BDE-209 to octa-BDEs and ∑hepta-BDE. An even stronger inverse relation was found between D1 activity and BDE-209 to ∑nona + octa + hepta-BDE concentration ratios. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of D1 in gull livers were inversely associated with liver concentrations of ∑octa-BDE. The present study's findings suggest that D1 is potentially involved in BDE-209 biotransformation and accumulation of higher brominated PBDEs in livers of ring-billed gulls. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2215–2222. © 2016 SETAC
Antioxidant activities of essential oil of Bidens pilosa (Linn. Var. Radita) used for the preservation of food qualities in North Cameroon
Authors: Goudoum Augustin , Abdou Armand B. , Ngamo Léonard Simon T. , Ngassoum Martin Benoît , Mbofung Carl M. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity of the essential oil (EO) of leaves of Bidens pilosa (Linn. Var. Radita) used as protectant of stored grains in Northern Cameroon. EO was characterized by GC‐FID, antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by combining: evaluation of radical‐scavenging activity, reducing power (RP) and co‐oxidation of β‐carotene methods. Tests were carried out on crude and stored EO kept for two weeks at 31.48 ± 2.88°C and 58.56 ± 6.78% relative humidity. These conditions are the same as those of grain storage. GC analyses enabled the identification of 27 compounds, representing around 97.57% of the total oil contents. The major constituents of the EO were α‐pinene (14.7%), ε‐caryophyllene (13.5), and β‐ocimene (12.8%). The AA of the crude and stored EO are proportional to the concentrations and time of exposition. Exposed at the day light, this EO inhibit 77.4–18.69% for the DPPH system, 59.55–19.14% for RP method and 91.88–21.8% for β‐carotene‐linoleate model system, respectively, from crude and 15 days storage EO at 20 mg L−1. For the EC50 values, β‐carotene method is excellent and in the decreasing order of DPPH method, PR with 2.52 mg L−1, 2.77 mg L−1 and 4.13 mg L−1, respectively, for the crude oil. The ET50 were 1.59 days for the RP method and 2.88 days DPPH system and β‐carotene‐linoleate model system at 20 mg L−1. These results showed that the EO of B. pilosa leaves exhibits AA that might be an added value for this EO preventing stored products from pest attacks.
Thermal Stability of Modified i‐Motif Oligonucleotides with Naphthalimide Intercalating Nucleic Acids
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed Ali , Pedersen Erik B. , Khaireldin Nahid Y. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn continuation of our investigation of characteristics and thermodynamic properties of the i‐motif 5′‐d[(CCCTAA)3CCCT)] upon insertion of intercalating nucleotides into the cytosine‐rich oligonucleotide, this article evaluates the stabilities of i‐motif oligonucleotides upon insertion of naphthalimide (1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione) as the intercalating nucleic acid. The stabilities of i‐motif structures with inserted naphthalimide intercalating nucleotides were studied using UV melting temperatures (Tm) and circular dichroism spectra at different pH values and conditions (crowding and non‐crowding). This study indicated a positive effect of the naphthalimide intercalating nucleotides on the stabilities of the i‐motif structures compared to the wild‐type structure which is in contrast to a previous observation for a pyrene‐intercalating nucleotide showing a decrease in Tm values.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II) Complexes Derived from 3‐Aminoquinoline
Authors: Azam Mohammad , Al‐Resayes Saud I. , Pallepogu Raghavaiah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo novel metal complexes derived from interactions of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions with 3‐aminoquinoline in the molar ratio 1 : 2 are reported. The synthesized and isolated metal complexes were characterized by UV/VIS, FT‐IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS spectroscopic studies, and elemental analyses. FT‐IR and NMR studies confirmed that the NH2 group remains uncoordinated in both synthesized complexes. The molecular structure of the CdII complex was additionally determined by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis. The Cd complex crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric P$\bar 1$ space group. Moreover, the CdII complex exists as neutral discrete molecule and was found to show tetrahedral geometry.
A comparative evaluation of five hazard screening tools
Authors: Panko JM , Hitchcock K , Fung M , Spencer PJ , Kingsbury T , Mason AM 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

An increasing number of hazard assessment tools and approaches are being used in the marketplace as a means to differentiate products and ingredients with lower versus higher hazards or to certify what some call greener chemical ingredients in consumer products. Some leading retailers have established policies for product manufacturers and their suppliers to disclose chemical ingredients and their related hazard characteristics often specifying what tools to use. To date, no data exists that show a tool's reliability to provide consistent, credible screening-level hazard scores that can inform greener product selection. We conducted a small pilot study to understand and compare the hazard scoring of several hazard screening tools to determine if hazard and toxicity profiles for chemicals differ. Seven chemicals were selected that represent both natural and man-made chemistries as well as a range of toxicological activity. We conducted the assessments according to each tool provider's guidelines, which included factors such as endpoints, weighting preferences, sources of information, and treatment of data gaps. The results indicate the tools varied in the level of discrimination seen in the scores for these 7 chemicals and that tool classifications of the same chemical varied widely between the tools, ranging from little or no hazard or toxicity to very high hazard or toxicity. The results also highlight the need for transparency in describing the basis for the tool's hazard scores and suggest possible enhancements. Based on this pilot study, tools should not be generalized to fit all situations because their evaluations are context-specific. Before choosing a tool or approach, it is critical that the assessment rationale be clearly defined and matches the selected tool or approach. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:139–154. © 2016 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC

Key Points
An increasing number of chemical assessment tools are being used in the marketplace as a means to differentiate lower versus higher hazards or to certify “greener” chemicals and products. If screening-level hazard assessments share a common objective and are based on similar science and data, similar results are expected. The present pilot study showed that an assessment tool can provide a range of results from “prefer” to “avoid” based on value judgments of the tool developers and users. The primary drivers of differences among the tool results were the toxicity endpoints considered, weighting of the endpoints with respect to overall importance, the source of the information for the endpoints evaluated, and consideration of endpoint data gaps.