bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergy of Nyquist and Bode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Studies to Assess the Effect of Morphology on the Electrochemical Properties of Li‐Ni‐Mn‐Al‐O Materials
Authors: Lin Hongxu , Liang Chenghao , Liu Chaojun , Dai Changsong , Xiong Yueping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe agglomerated and sheet Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.6Al0.1O2.2 materials were synthesized by hydrothermal method (HT‐NMA) and sol‐gel method (SG‐NMA) respectively. Compared with sheet particles, agglomerated particles had better mutual contact. The specific surface area calculated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method was 8.92 m2/g for HT‐NMA and 5.90 m2/g for SG‐NMA. Larger specific surface area achieved better connections between cathode material and conductive agent. Better electron transitivity contributed to better electrochemical performance of HT‐NMA, at the potential range of 2.0 V–4.8 V, the retention of capacity was 86 % at the current density of 20 mA/g after 31 cycles and the discharge capacity was 108mAh/g at the current density of 1000 mA/g. Both Nyquist and Bode plots were used to deeply investigate the reason for better performance of HT‐NMA, the results showed that agglomerated particles had better electron migration capacity both before and after cycle.
Highly Resolved Morphology of Room‐Temperature Columnar Liquid Crystals Derived from Triphenylene and Multialkynylbenzene Using Reconstructed Electron Density Maps
Authors: Gupta Santosh Prasad , Gupta Monika , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper demonstrates highly resolved structure of the self‐assembly of dyad and triads constituted from triphenylene (T) and multialkynylbenzene (M) units linked via flexible alkyl spacers (n). Resolved structures of these systems are based on reconstructed electron density maps derived from X‐ray diffraction patterns. T‐M compound (dyad) exhibits columnar hexagonal (Colh) phase which is explained by its columnar layered structure. In contrast, T‐M‐T compounds (triads) with spacer lengths of n = 8 and 10 exhibited columnar oblique (Colob) mesophase whereas, the one with shortest spacer length, i. e., n = 6, showed a columnar oblique plastic (Colobp) phase. We also found that molecules are interdigitated within themselves for compounds having longer spacer lengths (n = 8 and 10). However, a side by side packing is observed for the compound with shortest alkyl spacer (n = 6).
Supramolecular Inclusion‐Assisted Disruption of Probe‐Solvent Network
Authors: Das Sinjan , Chattopadhyay Nitin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present communication reports the disruption of probe‐solvent cluster formed by an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) prone molecular system and solvent water molecules because of the confinement of the probe within the cyclodextrin nano‐cavity. The disruption results in a decrease in the fluorescence anisotropy of the probe compared to its value in the aqueous medium. This is absolutely contrasting to the normal increasing trend for the fluorescence anisotropies of other fluorophores in similar constrained environments. This work substantiates the formation of probe‐solvent cluster in protic solvent and establishes the commanding role of hydrogen bonding in the solvation of the ESIPT probes.
Gesticulating science: Emergent bilingual students’ use of gestures
Authors: Ünsal Zeynep , Jakobson Britt , Wickman Per‐Olof , Molander Bengt‐Olov 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article examines how emergent bilingual students used gestures in science class, and the consequences of students’ gestures when their language repertoire limited their possibilities to express themselves. The study derived from observations in two science classes in Sweden. In the first class, 3rd grade students (9–10 years old) were involved in a unit concerning electricity. The second class consisted of 7th‐grade students (13–14 years old) working with acids and bases. Data were analyzed by using practical epistemological analysis (PEA). When students’ language proficiency limited their possibility to express themselves, using gestures resulted in the continuation of the science activities. Furthermore, both peers and teachers drew on the used gestures to talk about the science content. In some situations, the meaning of the gestures needed to be negotiated. Regardless, the gestures were always related to language. Both students and teachers participated in this process, but the teachers directed the communication toward the goal of the lessons: learning how to talk science. The study contributes to the field by showing the importance of paying attention to and valuing bilingual students’ use of gestures as a way to express scientific knowledge. In addition, it demonstrates how teachers might draw on students’ gestures to teach science and discusses the importance of creating multimodal learning environments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 55: 121–144, 2018
The Demography of Mental Health Among Mature Adults in a Low-Income, High-HIV-Prevalence Context
Authors: Kohler Iliana V. , Payne Collin F. , Bandawe Chiwoza , Kohler Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Very few studies have investigated mental health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using data from Malawi, this article provides a first picture of the demography of depression and anxiety (DA) among mature adults (aged 45 or older) in a low-income country with high HIV prevalence. DA are more frequent among women than men, and individuals affected by one are often affected by the other. DA are associated with adverse outcomes, such as poorer nutrition intake and reduced work efforts. DA also increase substantially with age, and mature adults can expect to spend a substantial fraction of their remaining lifetime—for instance, 52 % for a 55-year-old woman—affected by DA. The positive age gradients of DA are not due to cohort effects, and they are in sharp contrast to the age pattern of mental health that has been shown in high-income contexts, where older individuals often experience lower levels of DA. Although socioeconomic and risk- or uncertainty-related stressors are strongly associated with DA, they do not explain the positive age gradients and gender gap in DA. Stressors related to physical health, however, do. Hence, our analyses suggest that the general decline of physical health with age is the key driver of the rise of DA with age in this low-income SSA context.
Signatures of mito-nuclear discordance inSchistosoma turkestanicumindicate a complex evolutionary history of emergence in Europe
Authors: LAWTON SCOTT P. , BOWEN LAUREN I. , EMERY AIDAN M. , MAJOROS GÁBOR 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYHigh levels of molecular diversity were identified in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene sequences ofSchistosoma turkestanicumfrom Hungary. These cox1 sequences were all specific to Hungary which contrasted with the low levels of diversity seen in the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, the majority of which were shared between China and Iran isolates. Measures of within and between host molecular variation withinS. turkestanicumshowed there to be substantial differences in molecular diversity, with cox1 being significantly more diverse than the ITS. Measures of haplotype frequencies revealed that each host contained its own subpopulation of genetically unique parasites with significant levels of differentiation. Pairwise mismatch analysis of cox1 sequences indicatedS. turkestanicumpopulations to have a bimodal pairwise difference distribution and to be stable unlike the ITS sequences, which appeared to have undergone a recent population expansion event. Positive selection was also detected in the cox1 sequences, and biochemical modelling of the resulting protein illustrated significant mutational events causing an alteration to the isoelectric point of the cox1 protein, potentially altering metabolism. The evolutionary signature from the cox1 indicates local adaptation and long establishment ofS. turkestanicumin Hungary with continual introgression of nuclear genes from Asian isolates. These processes have led to the occurrence of mito-nuclear discordance in a schistosome population
Reduction in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in context of antiretroviral therapy scale-up in rural South Africa
Authors: HOOGENDOORN J. C. , RANOTO L. , MUDITAMBI N. , RAILTON J. , MASWANGANYI M. , STRUTHERS H. E. , MCINTYRE J. A. , PETERS R. P. H. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYScale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has reduced the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in South Africa. Despite the strong association of HIV infection with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), the effect of ART on the epidemiology of EPTB remains undocumented. We conducted a retrospective record review of patients initiated on treatment for EPTB in 2009 (ART coverage <5%) and 2013 (ART coverage 41%) at four public hospitals in rural Mopani District, South Africa. Data were obtained from TB registers and patients’ clinical records. There was a 13% decrease in overall number of TB cases, which was similar for cases registered as EPTB (n = 399 in 2009 vs. 336 in 2013; P < 0·01) and for PTB (1031 vs. 896; P < 0·01). Among EPTB cases, the proportion of miliary TB and disseminated TB decreased significantly (both P < 0·01), TB meningitis and TB of bones increased significantly (P < 0·01 and P = 0·02, respectively) and TB pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy remained the same. This study shows a reduction of EPTB cases that is similar to that of PTB in the context of the ART scale-up. The changing profile of EPTB warrants attention of healthcare workers.
Retinoic acid-induced upregulation of miR-219 promotes the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells
Authors: Wu Haibo , Zhao Jiamin , Fu Beibei , Yin Songna , Song Chao , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhao Shanting , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate critical cell processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation, and development. However, the role of miRNAs in embryonic stem cell (ESC) neural differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA) and factors that govern neural directional differentiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-219 is sufficient in promoting mouse ESCs to undergo neural differentiation. We discovered that Foxj3 and Zbtb18, two target genes of miR-219, are not able to determine the process of RA-induced differentiation, however they prevent ESCs from differentiating into neural cells. We identified four downstream genes, namely, Olig1, Zic5, Erbb2, and Olig2, which are essential to the gene interaction networks for neural differentiation. These data explain the mechanism of RA-induced neural differentiation of mESCs on the basis of miRNAs and support the crucial role of miR-219 in neurodevelopment.
Regulation of Drosophila hematopoietic sites by Activin-β from active sensory neurons
Authors: Makhijani Kalpana , Alexander Brandy , Rao Deepti , Petraki Sophia , Herboso Leire , Kukar Katelyn , Batool Itrat , Wachner Stephanie , Gold Katrina S. , Wong Corinna , O’Connor Michael B. , Brückner Katja 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn outstanding question in animal development, tissue homeostasis and disease is how cell populations adapt to sensory inputs. During Drosophila larval development, hematopoietic sites are in direct contact with sensory neuron clusters of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and blood cells (hemocytes) require the PNS for their survival and recruitment to these microenvironments, known as Hematopoietic Pockets. Here we report that Activin-β, a TGF-β family ligand, is expressed by sensory neurons of the PNS and regulates the proliferation and adhesion of hemocytes. These hemocyte responses depend on PNS activity, as shown by agonist treatment and transient silencing of sensory neurons. Activin-β has a key role in this regulation, which is apparent from reporter expression and mutant analyses. This mechanism of local sensory neurons controlling blood cell adaptation invites evolutionary parallels with vertebrate hematopoietic progenitors and the independent myeloid system of tissue macrophages, whose regulation by local microenvironments remain undefined.
Dimensionality Effects in FeGe2 Nanowires: Enhanced Anisotropic Magnetization and Anomalous Electrical Transport
Authors: Tang Siwei , Kravchenko Ivan , Ward T. Z. , Zou Qiang , Yi Jieyu , Ma Cheng , Chi Miaofang , Cao Guixin , Li An-Ping , Mandrus David , Gai Zheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report the synthesis of single-crystal iron germanium nanowires via chemical vapor deposition without the assistance of any catalysts. The assembly of single-crystal FeGe2 nanowires with tetragonal C16 crystal structure shows anisotropic magnetic behavior along the radial direction or the growth axial direction, with both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders. Single FeGe2 nanowire devices were fabricated using e-beam lithography. Electronic transport measurement in these devices show two resistivity anomalies near 250 K and 200 K which are likely signatures of the two spin density wave states in FeGe2.
Species specific anaesthetics for fish anaesthesia and euthanasia
Authors: Readman Gareth D. , Owen Stewart F. , Knowles Toby G. , Murrell Joanna C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is a need to ensure that the care and welfare for fish maintained in the laboratory are to the highest standards. This extends to the use of anaesthetics for both scientific study, humane killing and euthanasia at end of life. An anaesthetic should not induce negative behaviours and fish should not seek to avoid the anaesthetic. Surprisingly little information is available to facilitate a humane choice of anaesthetic agent for fish despite over 100 years of use and the millions of fish currently held in thousands of laboratories worldwide. Using a chemotaxic choice chamber we found different species specific behavioural responses among four closely related fish species commonly held in the laboratory, exposed to three widely used anaesthetic agents. As previously found for zebrafish (Danio rerio), the use of MS-222 and benzocaine also appears to induce avoidance behaviours in medaka (Oryzias latipes); but etomidate could provide an alternative choice. Carp (Cyprinus carpio), although closely related to zebrafish showed avoidance behaviours to etomidate, but not benzocaine or MS-222; and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) showed no avoidance to the three agents tested. We were unable to ascertain avoidance responses in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and suggest different test paradigms are required for that species.
Post-conventional moral reasoning is associated with increased ventral striatal activity at rest and during task
Authors: Fang Zhuo , Jung Wi Hoon , Korczykowski Marc , Luo Lijuan , Prehn Kristin , Xu Sihua , Detre John A. , Kable Joseph W. , Robertson Diana C. , Rao Hengyi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPeople vary considerably in moral reasoning. According to Kohlberg’s theory, individuals who reach the highest level of post-conventional moral reasoning judge moral issues based on deeper principles and shared ideals rather than self-interest or adherence to laws and rules. Recent research has suggested the involvement of the brain’s frontostriatal reward system in moral judgments and prosocial behaviors. However, it remains unknown whether moral reasoning level is associated with differences in reward system function. Here, we combined arterial spin labeling perfusion and blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured frontostriatal reward system activity both at rest and during a sequential risky decision making task in a sample of 64 participants at different levels of moral reasoning. Compared to individuals at the pre-conventional and conventional level of moral reasoning, post-conventional individuals showed increased resting cerebral blood flow in the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral blood flow in these brain regions correlated with the degree of post-conventional thinking across groups. Post-conventional individuals also showed greater task-induced activation in the ventral striatum during risky decision making. These findings suggest that high-level post-conventional moral reasoning is associated with increased activity in the brain’s frontostriatal system, regardless of task-dependent or task-independent states.
Sex Specific Placental Accumulation and Behavioral Effects of Developmental Firemaster 550 Exposure in Wistar Rats
Authors: Baldwin Kylie R. , Phillips Allison L. , Horman Brian , Arambula Sheryl E. , Rebuli Meghan E. , Stapleton Heather M. , Patisaul Heather B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFiremaster® 550 (FM 550) is a commercial flame retardant mixture of brominated and organophosphate compounds applied to polyurethane foam used in furniture and baby products. Due to widespread human exposure, and structural similarities with known endocrine disruptors, concerns have been raised regarding possible toxicity. We previously reported evidence of sex specific behavioral effects in rats resulting from developmental exposure. The present study expands upon this prior finding by testing for a greater range of behavioral effects, and measuring the accumulation of FM 550 compounds in placental tissue. Wistar rat dams were orally exposed to FM 550 during gestation (0, 300 or 1000 µg/day; GD 9 – 18) for placental measurements or perinatally (0, 100, 300 or 1000 µg/day; GD 9 – PND 21) to assess activity and anxiety-like behaviors. Placental accumulation was dose dependent, and in some cases sex specific, with the brominated components reaching the highest levels. Behavioral changes were predominantly associated with a loss or reversal of sex differences in activity and anxiety-like behaviors. These findings demonstrate that environmental chemicals may sex-dependently accumulate in the placenta. That sex-biased exposure might translate to sex-specific adverse outcomes such as behavioral deficits is a possibility that merits further investigation.
PARTICLE triplexes cluster in the tumor suppressor WWOX and may extend throughout the human genome
Authors: O’Leary Valerie Bríd , Smida Jan , Buske Fabian Andreas , Carrascosa Laura Garcia , Azimzadeh Omid , Maugg Doris , Hain Sarah , Tapio Soile , Heidenreich Wolfgang , Kerr James , Trau Matt , Ovsepian Saak Victor , Atkinson Michael John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe long non-coding RNA PARTICLE (Gene PARTICL- ‘Promoter of MAT2A-Antisense RadiaTion Induced Circulating LncRNA) partakes in triple helix (triplex) formation, is transiently elevated following low dose irradiation and regulates transcription of its neighbouring gene - Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A. It now emerges that PARTICLE triplex sites are predicted in many different genes across all human chromosomes. In silico analysis identified additional regions for PARTICLE triplexes at >1600 genomic locations. Multiple PARTICLE triplexes are clustered predominantly within the human and mouse tumor suppressor WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene. Surface plasmon resonance diffraction and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were consistent with PARTICLE triplex formation within human WWOX with high resolution imaging demonstrating its enrichment at this locus on chromosome 16. PARTICLE knockdown and over-expression resulted in inverse changes in WWOX transcripts levels with siRNA interference eliminating PARTICLEs elevated transcription to irradiation. The evidence for a second functional site of PARTICLE triplex formation at WWOX suggests that PARTICLE may form triplex-mediated interactions at multiple positions in the human genome including remote loci. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the ability of lncRNAs to regulate the expression of numerous genes distributed across the genome.
Femtogram Level Sensitivity achieved by Surface Engineered Silica Nanoparticles in the Early Detection of HIV Infection
Authors: Chunduri L. A. Avinash , Kurdekar Aditya , Haleyurgirisetty Mohan Kumar , Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep , Kamisetti Venkataramaniah , Hewlett Indira K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe have engineered streptavidin labelled Europium doped fluorescent silica nanoparticles which significantly increased sensitivity without compromising the specificity of the immunoassay. As a proof of concept, a time resolved fluorescence based sandwich immunoassay was developed to detect HIV-1 p24 antigen in clinical specimens. The detection range of the silica nanoparticle based immunoassay (SNIA) was found to be between 0.02 to 500 pg/mL in a linear dose dependent manner. SNIA offers 1000 fold enhancement over conventional colorimetric ELISA. Testing of plasma samples that were HIV negative showed no false positive results in the detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen. This highly sensitive p24 assay can help improve blood safety by reducing the antibody negative window period in blood donors in resource limited settings where nucleic acid testing is not practical or feasible. This technology can also be easily transferred to a lab-on-a-chip platform for use in resource limited settings and can also be easily adopted for the detection of other antigens.
A diver-operated hyperspectral imaging and topographic surveying system for automated mapping of benthic habitats
Authors: Chennu Arjun , Färber Paul , De’ath Glenn , de Beer Dirk , Fabricius Katharina E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe developed a novel integrated technology for diver-operated surveying of shallow marine ecosystems. The HyperDiver system captures rich multifaceted data in each transect: hyperspectral and color imagery, topographic profiles, incident irradiance and water chemistry at a rate of 15–30 m2 per minute. From surveys in a coral reef following standard diver protocols, we show how the rich optical detail can be leveraged to generate photopigment abundance and benthic composition maps. We applied machine learning techniques, with a minor annotation effort (<2% of pixels), to automatically generate cm-scale benthic habitat maps of high taxonomic resolution and accuracy (93–97%). The ability to efficiently map benthic composition, photopigment densities and rugosity at reef scales is a compelling contribution to modernize reef monitoring. Seafloor-level hyperspectral images can be used for automated mapping, avoiding operator bias in the analysis and deliver the degree of detail necessary for standardized environmental monitoring. The technique can deliver fast, objective and economic reef survey results, making it a valuable tool for coastal managers and reef ecologists. Underwater hyperspectral surveying shares the vantage point of the high spatial and taxonomic resolution restricted to field surveys, with analytical techniques of remote sensing and provides targeted validation for aerial monitoring.