bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnographies of Waiting
Authors: Bandak Andreas 
Published: January 2018

We all wait – in traffic jams, passport offices, school meal queues, for better weather, an end to fighting, peace. Time spent waiting produces hope, boredom, anxiety, doubt, or uncertainty.
Ethnographies of Waiting explores the social phenomenon of waiting and its centrality in human society. Using waiting as a central analytical category, the book investigates how waiting is negotiated in myriad ways. Examining the politics and poetics of waiting, Ethnographies of Waiting offers fresh perspectives on waiting as the uncertain interplay between doubting and hoping, and asks "When is time worth the wait?" Waiting thus conceived is intrinsic to the ethnographic method at the heart of the anthropological enterprise.
Featuring detailed ethnographies from Japan, Georgia, England, Ghana, Norway, Russia and the United States, a Foreword by Craig Jeffrey and an Afterword by Ghassan Hage, this is a vital contribution to the field of anthropology of time and essential reading for students and scholars in anthropology, sociology and philosophy.
Multifunction waveform generator for EM receiver testing
Authors: Chen Kai , Jin Sheng , Deng Ming 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In many electromagnetic (EM) methods – such as magnetotelluric, spectral-induced polarization (SIP), time-domain-induced polarization (TDIP), and controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT) methods – it is important to evaluate and test the EM receivers during their development stage. To assess the performance of the developed EM receivers, controlled synthetic data that simulate the observed signals in different modes are required. In CSAMT and SIP mode testing, the waveform generator should use the GPS time as the reference for repeating schedule. Based on our testing, the frequency range, frequency precision, and time synchronization of the currently available function waveform generators on the market are deficient. This paper presents a multifunction waveform generator with three waveforms: (1) a wideband, low-noise electromagnetic field signal to be used for magnetotelluric, audio-magnetotelluric, and long-period magnetotelluric studies; (2) a repeating frequency sweep square waveform for CSAMT and SIP studies; and (3) a positive-zero–negative-zero signal that contains primary and secondary fields for TDIP studies. In this paper, we provide the principles of the above three waveforms along with a hardware design for the generator. Furthermore, testing of the EM receiver was conducted with the waveform generator, and the results of the experiment were compared with those calculated from the simulation and theory in the frequency band of interest.
Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)
Authors: Hoesly Rachel M. , Smith Steven J. , Feng Leyang , Klimont Zbigniew , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Pitkanen Tyler , Seibert Jonathan J. , Vu Linh , Andres Robert J. , Bolt Ryan M. , Bond Tami C. , Dawidowski Laura , Kholod Nazar , Kurokawa June-ichi , Li Meng , Liu Liang , Lu Zifeng , Moura Maria Cecilia P. , O'Rourke Patrick R. , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMVOCs), carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon – BC, and organic carbon – OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emission species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emission species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions' uncertainty, and publication of the system as open-source software.
A global hydrological simulation to specify the sources of water used by humans
Authors: Hanasaki Naota , Yoshikawa Sayaka , Pokhrel Yadu , Kanae Shinjiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Humans abstract water from various sources to sustain their livelihood and society. Some global hydrological models (GHMs) include explicit schemes of human water abstraction, but the representation and performance of these schemes remain limited. We substantially enhanced the water abstraction schemes of the H08 GHM. This enabled us to estimate water abstraction from six major water sources, namely, river flow regulated by global reservoirs (i.e., reservoirs regulating the flow of the world's major rivers), aqueduct water transfer, local reservoirs, seawater desalination, renewable groundwater, and nonrenewable groundwater. In its standard setup, the model covers the whole globe at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, and the calculation interval is 1 day. All the interactions were simulated in a single computer program, and all water fluxes and storage were strictly traceable at any place and time during the simulation period. A global hydrological simulation was conducted to validate the performance of the model for the period of 1979–2013 (land use was fixed for the year 2000). The simulated water fluxes for water abstraction were validated against those reported in earlier publications and showed a reasonable agreement at the global and country level. The simulated monthly river discharge and terrestrial water storage (TWS) for six of the world's most significantly human-affected river basins were compared with gauge observations and the data derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. It is found that the simulation including the newly added schemes outperformed the simulation without human activities. The simulated results indicated that, in 2000, of the 3628±75 km3 yr−1 global freshwater requirement, 2839±50 km3 yr−1 was taken from surface water and 789±30 km3 yr−1 from groundwater. Streamflow, aqueduct water transfer, local reservoirs, and seawater desalination accounted for 1786±23, 199±10, 106±5, and 1.8±0 km3 yr−1 of the surface water, respectively. The remaining 747±45 km3 yr−1 freshwater requirement was unmet, or surface water was not available when and where it was needed in our simulation. Renewable and nonrenewable groundwater accounted for 607±11 and 182±26 km3 yr−1 of the groundwater total, respectively. Each source differed in its renewability, economic costs for development, and environmental consequences of usage. The model is useful for performing global water resource assessments by considering the aspects of sustainability, economy, and environment.
Consistent biases in Antarctic sea ice concentration simulated by climate models
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Dean Samuel M. , Renwick James A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in global climate models often
does not agree with observations. In this study, we examine the
compactness of sea ice, as well as the regional distribution of sea
ice concentration, in climate models from the latest Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and in satellite observations. We
find substantial differences in concentration values between
different sets of satellite observations, particularly at high
concentrations, requiring careful treatment when comparing to
models. As a fraction of total sea ice extent, models simulate too
much loose, low-concentration sea ice cover throughout the year, and
too little compact, high-concentration cover in the summer. In spite
of the differences in physics between models, these tendencies are
broadly consistent across the population of 40 CMIP5 simulations,
a result not previously highlighted. Separating models with and
without an explicit lateral melt term, we find that inclusion of
lateral melt may account for overestimation of low-concentration
cover. Targeted model experiments with a coupled ocean–sea ice
model show that choice of constant floe diameter in the lateral melt
scheme can also impact representation of loose ice. This suggests
that current sea ice thermodynamics contribute to the inadequate
simulation of the low-concentration regime in many models.
Heat shock and plant leachates regulate seed germination of the endangered carnivorous plant &lt;i&gt;Drosophyllum lusitanicum&lt;/i&gt;
Authors: Gómez-González Susana , Paniw Maria , Antunes Kamila , Ojeda Fernando 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In fire-prone ecosystems, many plant species have specialized mechanisms of seed dormancy that ensure a successful recruitment after fire. A well-documented mechanism is the germination stimulated by fire-related cues, such as heat shock and smoke. However, less is known about the role of inhibitory germination signals (e.g. allelopathy) in regulating post-fire recruitment. Plant leachates derived from the unburned vegetation can enforce dormancy by means of allelopathic compounds, acting as a signal of unfavourable (highly competitive) niche for germination in pyrophyte species. Here, we assessed the separate effects of heat shock and plant leachates on seed germination of Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endangered carnivorous plant endemic to Mediterranean fire-prone heathlands. We performed a germination experiment in which seeds were subjected to three treatments: (1) 5 min at 100 ∘C, (2) watering with plant leachate, and (3) control. Germination rate and seed viability was determined after 63 days. Heat shock stimulated seed germination in D. lusitanicum while plant leachates had inhibitory germination effects without reducing seed viability. Thus, both positive and negative signals could be involved in its successful post-fire recruitment. Fire would break seed dormancy and stimulate seed germination of D. lusitanicum through high temperatures, but also by eliminating allelochemical compounds from the soil. These results help to understand the population dynamics patterns found for D. lusitanicum in natural populations, and highlight the role of fire in the ecology and conservation of this endangered species. Seed dormancy imposed by plant-derived leachates as an adaptive mechanism should be considered more in fire ecology theory.
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF ESTER STRUCTURE ON THERMAL-OXIDATIVE OILS STABILITY
Authors: Tonkonogov Boris P. , Bagdasarov Leonid N. , Popova Kseniya A. , Agabekov Sergey S. 
Published: January 2018

This work aims are analysis the influence of the structure of esters on their thermo-oxidative stability. Then we select the composition of additives to improve the oxidation properties of aviation turbine engines. As the main method we used the following study: Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness and Oxidation and Stability of hydraulic oils, aircraft turbine engine lubricants and other highly refined oils ASTM 4636-99. It has been found that the esters of dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic alcohols have a low thermal oxidative stability, which may result in frequent change in the oil lubrication system and washing with gasoline or jet fuel. Thus, compositions based on esters of dibasic acids and aliphatic alcohol are good plasticizers having abrasion resistance and frost resistance. Thought they have low pour points and high viscosity index. As a basis for aviation oil hindered esters are recommended, which have high thermal oxidative stability. In the industry esters obtained by etherification of the mixture of acids and a polyhydric alcohol are used. Esters are optimal on its viscosity-temperature properties which were obtained in the reaction of etherification of pentaerythrit and trimetilolpran alcohols, and mixtures of hexane, heptane, nonanoic, octanoic acids. Physico-chemical parameters of esters are improved with increasing in number of functional groups in the molecule. The reason for this is that the esters were obtained by the reaction of etherification of n-C9 acids with pentaerythritol alcohols which forms a sterically hindered ester. This structure has no hydrogen atom in the molecule in β-position, which prevents the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons. However, to get oils with high performance require it is necessary to add additives. Therefore, domestic and foreign literatures and requirements for oxidation stability were analyzed. Based on these data the main requirements were formulated for oil composition of aircraft gas turbine engines. As the results of the oxidative stability testing it were found that to obtain oil which satisfies to all modern requirements for thermal oxidative stability, it requires the use of complex of antioxidants of phenolic and amine types. Forcitation:Tonkonogov B.P., Bagdasarov L.N., Popova K.A., Agabekov S.S. Investigation of influence of ester structure on thermal-oxidative oils stability. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 73-79
Educação Ambiental e formação docente na Amazônia brasileira: contextos universitários e realidades cotidianas
Authors: Andrade Francisca Marli Rodrigues de , Caride Gómez José Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Na Amazônia brasileira, a formação docente no âmbito da universidade constitui-se como um importante objeto de disputas e negociações. Nas últimas décadas, tal objeto ganhou certas aproximações aos interesses que operam nas sutilezas das representações sociais e nas produções de inexistências — mais precisamente, das confluências que caracterizam a comercialização, a exploração e a violência, em sentido amplo. Em resposta às produções de inexistência, intensificou-se o interesse em (re)conhecer o processo de inserção da Educação Ambiental na formação em Pedagogia de docentes que atuam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na rede pública municipal de Castanhal, Pará. O aporte teórico e metodológico foi orientado pelas contribuições da pesquisa qualitativa, pautada na vertente etnográfica da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Colaboraram com a pesquisa 121 docentes, os quais responderam ao questionário, complementado por dois grupos de discussão e pela observação participante. Os resultados indicam as dificuldades das instituições em estabelecer conexões e redes de construção e socialização de saberes quando contextualizadas na realidade cotidiana, sobretudo por meio dos segmentos de pesquisa e de extensão.
Contemporary Routes of Cannabis Consumption: A Primer for Clinicians
Authors: Peters Jeramy , Chien Joseph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although cannabis use is federally prohibited, medical cannabis is legal in some form in 30 states and the District of Columbia, and recreational use is legal in 8 states and the District of Columbia. The increasing legal acceptance of cannabis has led to a burgeoning industry that is producing an expanding variety of cannabis products. Physicians and other health care professionals should be aware of modern forms of cannabis consumption, as well as variations in tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations, to improve assessment of cannabis use and approach to treatment. This review aims to familiarize clinicians with modern forms of cannabis consumption and enable comparisons between disparate cannabis products.
Association Between Undergraduate Performance Predictors and Academic and Clinical Performance of Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Agahi Farshad , Speicher Mark R. , Cisek Grace 
Published: January 2018

AbstractContextMedical schools use a variety of preadmission indices to select potential students. These indices generally include undergraduate grade point average (GPA), Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores, and preadmission interviews.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the admission indices used by Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine are associated with the academic and clinical performance of their students.MethodsAssociations between the prematriculation variables of undergraduate science GPA, undergraduate total GPA, MCAT component scores, and interview scores and the academic and clinical variables of the first- and second-year medical school GPA, Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 and Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) total and discipline scores, scores in clinical rotations for osteopathic competencies, COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation passage, and match status were evaluated. Two-tailed Pearson product-moment correlations with a Bonferroni adjustment were used to examine these relationships.ResultsThe traditional predictors of science and total undergraduate GPA as well as total and component MCAT scores had small to moderate associations with first- and second-year GPA, as well as COMLEX-USA Level 1 and Level 2-CE total scores. Of all predictors, only the MCAT biological sciences score had a statistically significant correlation with failure of the COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation examination (P=.009). Average interview scores were associated only with the osteopathic competency of medical knowledge (r=0.233; n=209;P=.001), as assessed by clerkship preceptors. No predictors were associated with scores in objective structured clinical encounters or with failing to match to a residency position.ConclusionThe data indicate that traditional predictors of academic performance (undergraduate GPA, undergraduate science GPA, and MCAT scores) have small to moderate association with medical school grades and performance on COMLEX-USA Level 1 and Level 2-CE. This finding requires additional research into the value of the interview in the medical school admissions process and the availability of alternatives that allow better prediction and assessment of applicant performance.
О ПРИНЦИПЕ МИНИМИЗАЦИИ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО РИСКА НА ОСНОВЕ УСРЕДНЯЮЩИХ АГРЕГИРУЮЩИХ ФУНКЦИЙ, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Шибзухов З.М. 
Published: January 2018

В работе предлагается расширенный вариант принципа минимизации эмпирического риска. Он строится на основе применения усредняющих агрегирующих функций вместо среднего арифметического для вычисления эмпирического риска. Это оправдано, если распределение потерь имеет выбросы или существенно искажено, отчего оценка риска с самого начала является смещённой. Поэтому для оптимизации параметров следует изначально использовать робастную оценку среднего риска. Такие оценки можно построить, используя усредняющие агрегирующие функции, которые являются решением задачи минимизации штрафной функции за отклонение от своего среднего значения. В работе предложена схема итеративного перевзвешивания для численного решения задачи минимизации эмпирического риска. Приведены иллюстративные примеры построения робастной процедуры оценки параметров в задаче линейной регрессии и задаче линейного разделения двух классов на базе использования усредняющей функции среднего, заменяющей a-квантиль.
ПЛАТИНОНОСНОСТЬ МЕДНО-НИКЕЛЕВЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ И РУДОПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ CТАНОВОЙ НИКЕЛЕНОСНОЙ ПРОВИНЦИИ (ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК, РОССИЯ), "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Мельников А.В. , Стриха В.Е. , Моисеенко В.Г. 
Published: January 2018

Приведены сведения о платиноносности Cu-Ni-месторождений и рудопроявлений Становой никеленосной провинции Верхнего Приамурья. С учётом новых данных по геологии, геохимии, вещественному составу руд приведены описание и сравнительный анализ месторождений и рудопроявлений платиносодержащих Cu-Ni-руд. Охарактеризованы предпосылки формирования и критерии прогноза и поисков крупных месторождений платиносодержащих Cu-Ni-руд в Верхнем Приамурье.
ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС, ВЫЗВАННЫЙ ПЕНТИЛЕНТЕТРАЗОЛОМ, УВЕЛИЧИВАЕТ КРАТКОВРЕМЕННУЮ СИНАПТИЧЕСКУЮ ФАСИЛИТАЦИЮ В ГИППОКАМПЕ ЮВЕНИЛЬНЫХ КРЫС, "Доклады Академии наук"
Authors: Постникова Т.Ю. , Трофимова А. М. , Зайцев А.В. , Магазаник Л.Г. 
Published: January 2018

Изучали влияние эпилептического статуса (ЭС) на кратковременную синаптическую пластичность. На переживающих срезах гиппокампа, регистрировали амплитуды полевых потенциалов при внеклеточной стимуляции коллатералей Шаффера. Наибольшие изменения кратковременной пластичности были выявлены в первые сутки после ЭС, на третий и седьмой дни отличий от контроля не зарегистрировали. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что в первые сутки после формирования ЭС вероятность высвобождения медиатора в синапсах гиппокампа уменьшается, что может являться одним из компенсаторных механизмов, предотвращающих судорожную активность.
Modulation of GSK3β autoinhibition by Thr‐7 and Thr‐8
Authors: Tong Yixin , Park Sohyun , Wu Di , Harris Thurl E. , Moskaluk Christopher A. , Brautigan David L. , Fu Zheng 
Published: January 2018

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) is a pivotal signaling node that regulates a myriad of cellular functions and is deregulated in many pathological conditions, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Inhibitory Ser‐9 phosphorylation of GSK3β by AKT is an important mechanism for negative regulation of GSK3β activity upon insulin stimulation. Here, we report that Thr‐7 and Thr‐8 residues located in the AKT/PKB substrate consensus sequence on GSK3β are essential for insulin‐stimulated Ser‐9 phosphorylation in vivo and for GSK3β inactivation. Intestinal cell kinase (ICK) phosphorylates GSK3β Thr‐7 in vitro and in vivo. Thr‐8 phosphorylation partially inhibits GSK3β, but Thr‐7 phosphorylation promotes GSK3β activity and blocks phospho‐Ser‐9‐dependent GSK3β autoinhibition. Our findings uncover novel mechanistic and signaling inputs involved in the autoinhibition of GSK3β.
Mercury – Method for the determination of vapour from mercury and its inorganic compounds in workplace air using atomic absorption spectrometry [Air Monitoring Methods, 2017]
Authors: Hebisch R. , Fröhlich N. , Houben T. , Schneider W. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of mercury vapours in workplace air using atomic absorption spectrometry in a concentration range of one thousandth up to twice the currently valid Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) or MAK value of 0.02 mg/m
3
. Both personal and stationary sampling can be performed for risk assessment at work. Sampling is carried out by drawing a defined volume of air through an adsorption tube filled with hopcalite (mixture of MnO
2
and CuO) using a flow‐regulated pump. The flow rate is set to 250 mL/min with a recommended air sample volume of approx. 30 L at a sampling period of 2 hours. After sampling the loaded hopcalite is transferred into a quartz boat and the collected mercury can be analysed directly via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a 10‐point calibration. The limit of quantification is 0.013 mg/m
3
based on an air sample volume of approx. 30 L with an expanded uncertainty between 18 and 21%.

Joint Publication of the Analytical Subcommittee of the Chemistry Board of Experts of the Expert Committee Raw Materials and Chemical Industry of the German Social Accident Insurance and the Working Group “Air Analyses” of the Permanent Senate Commission of the DFG for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area.