bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer detection using quantitative T2 and T2‐weighted imaging: The effects of 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors in men on active surveillance
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Gambarota Giulio , Moore Caroline M. , Robertson Nicola L. , McCartan Neil , Jameson Charles , Bott Simon R.J. , Winkler Mathias , Whitcher Brandon , Castro‐Santamaria Ramiro , Emberton Mark , Allen Clare , Kirkham Alex 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundT2‐weighted imaging (T2‐WI) information has been used in a qualitative manner in the assessment of prostate cancer. Quantitative derivatives (T2 relaxation time) can be generated from T2‐WI. These outputs may be useful in helping to discriminate clinically significant prostate cancer from background signal.Purpose/HypothesisTo investigate changes in quantitative T2 parameters in lesions and noncancerous tissue of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer taking dutasteride 0.5 mg or placebo daily for 6 months.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/SubjectsForty men randomized to 6 months of daily dutasteride (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20).Field Strength/SequenceMultiparametric 3T MRI at baseline and 6 months. This included a multiecho MR sequence for quantification of the T2 relaxation times, in three regions of interest (index lesion, noncancerous peripheral [PZ] and transitional [TZ] zones). A synthetic signal contrast (T2Q contrast) between lesion and noncancerous tissue was assessed using quantitative T2 values. Signal contrast was calculated using the T2‐weighted sequence (T2W contrast).AssessmentTwo radiologists reviewed the scans in consensus according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS v. 2) guidelines.Statistical TestsWilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, Spearman's correlation.ResultsWhen compared to noncancerous tissue, shorter T2 values were observed within lesions at baseline (83.5 and 80.5 msec) and 6 months (81.5 and 81.9 msec) in the placebo and dutasteride arm, respectively. No significant differences for T2W contrast at baseline and after 6 months were observed, both in the placebo (0.40 [0.29–0.49] vs. 0.43 [0.25–0.49]; P = 0.881) and dutasteride arm (0.35 [0.24–0.47] vs. 0.37 [0.22–0.44]; P = 0.668). There was a significant, positive correlation between the T2Q contrast and the T2W contrast values (r = 0.786; P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThe exposure to antiandrogen therapy did not significantly influence the T2 contrast or the T2 relaxation values in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1646–1653.
Effect of sample size and resolution on palaeomalacological interpretation: a case study from Holocene calcareous‐fen deposits
Authors: Frodlová Jitka , Hájková Petra , Horsák Michal 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of sample volume, resolution and accumulation time on the interpretation of a mollusc record from terrestrial deposits. We tested (i) if, and to what extent, small sample sizes impoverish the reconstructed mollusc species richness, and (ii) whether fine‐resolution sampling is worth the effort. We analysed three mollusc sequences, covering continuously the entire Holocene, which were collected in a tufa‐forming spring fen and differed in sample size and resolution. More than 36 000 specimens of 76 species were processed. Using a rarefaction method, we observed that different sample volumes had a significant effect on the recorded species richness in this type of environment, and 100‐cm3 samples seemed to be sufficient for a reliable reconstruction in tufa deposits. Although the thickness of the sampled layers had no influence on the palaeoecological interpretation, we observed a shift in the mollusc diversity peak once different resolutions were applied. Furthermore, the layers of finer resolution allowed detailed radiocarbon dating and better understanding of trends in species dynamics. We also observed significant confounding relationships among the number of species, number of specimens and accumulation time that can be disentangled if a precise depth–age model is available.
Rapid determination of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba kernels and leaves by direct analysis in real time‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Zhongping , Xu Yueting , Huang Yilei , Liu Charles , Jiang Kezhi , Wang Lili 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA novel method based on direct analysis in real time integrated with mass spectrometry was established and applied into rapid determination of ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba kernels and leaves. Instrument parameter settings were optimized to obtain the sensitive and accurate determination of ginkgolic acids. At the sample introduction speed of 0.2 mm/s, high intensity of [M–H]– ions for ginkgolic acids were observed in the negative ion mode by utilization of high‐purity helium gas at 450°C. Two microliters of methanol extract of G. biloba kernels or leaves dropped on the surface of Quick‐Strip module was analyzed after solvent evaporated to dryness. A series of standard solutions of ginkgolic acid 13:0 in the range of 2–50 mg/L were analyzed with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9981 and relative standard deviation (n = 5) from 12.5 to 13.7%. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. The results of direct analysis in real time‐mass spectrometry were in agreement with those observed by thermochemolysis gas chromatography. The proposed method demonstrated significant potential in the application of the high‐throughput screening and rapid analysis for ginkgolic acids in dietary supplements.
Qualitative analysis of flavors and fragrances added to tea by using GC–MS
Authors: Wang Jianwu , Hang Yuanxin , Yan Tingting , Liang Jiahui , Huang Zhiqiang , Xu Huilan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA precise identification method was developed to identify the flavors and fragrances added to tea matrix artificially using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The proposed method was based on the corresponding “three‐column retention indices, two exact mass numbers, one mass spectrum matching degree” database of 40 kinds of common flavors and fragrances. The intraday and the interday relative standard deviation of the retention indices were less than 0.048 and 0.093%, respectively. The accuracy of exact mass was between 0.15 and 6.22 ppm. And the validation of the created database was performed by analyzing the tea samples. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for the precise identification of the flavors and fragrances added to tea matrix artificially without standard substances as a reference.
Nonconventional Fluorescent Polynorbornenes Bearing Aminosuccinimide Side Groups
Authors: Xu Jing , Luo Dan , Yin Xianze , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Luoxin , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this contribution, a new class of fluorescent polynorbornenes containing side chains that homogeneously decorated with aminosuccinimide side groups as nonconventional chromophores is introduced. First of all, monomers M1–M3 are synthesized in an efficient and straightforward fashion by means of Michael addition between three kinds of alkyl amines and monomer precursor 1, a compound containing norbornene (polymerizable group) and maleimide (Michael acceptor) groups. Subsequently, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of M1–M3 is conducted to generate polymers P1–P3 with high molecular weights (Mn values exceeding 9800) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð values no more than 1.20), respectively. Quantitative conversion of monomers and microstructural integrity of polymers are verified in all cases. Finally, thermal stability, glass transition behavior, wettability, and optical properties of polymers P1–P3 are investigated. In particular, this new class of fluorescent polymeric materials exhibits blue emission (470–478 nm) under UV irradiation with large Stokes shifts (over 110 nm).
Experimental validation of two dual‐energy CT methods for proton therapy using heterogeneous tissue samples
Authors: Bär Esther , Lalonde Arthur , Zhang Rongxiao , Jee Kyung‐Wook , Yang Kai , Sharp Gregory , Liu Bob , Royle Gary , Bouchard Hugo , Lu Hsiao‐Ming 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of dual‐energy CT (DECT) for determining proton stopping power ratios (SPRs) in an experimental environment and to demonstrate its potential advantages over conventional single‐energy CT (SECT) in clinical conditions.MethodsWater equivalent range (WER) measurements of 12 tissue‐equivalent plastic materials and 12 fresh animal tissue samples are performed in a 195 MeV broad proton beam using the dose extinction method. SECT and DECT scans of the samples are performed with a dual‐source CT scanner (Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash). The methods of Schneider et al. (1996), Bourque et al. (2014), and Lalonde et al. (2017) are used to predict proton SPR on SECT and DECT images. From predicted SPR values, the WER of the proton beam through the sample is predicted for SECT and DECT using Monte Carlo simulations and compared to the measured WER.ResultsFor homogeneous tissue‐equivalent plastic materials, results with DECT are consistent with experimental measurements and show a systematic reduction of SPR uncertainty compared to SECT, with root‐mean‐square errors of 1.59% versus 0.61% for SECT and DECT, respectively. Measurements with heterogeneous animal samples show a clear reduction of the bias on range predictions in the presence of bones, with −0.88% for SECT versus −0.58% and −0.14% for both DECT methods. An uncertainty budget allows isolating the effect of CT number conversion to SPR and predicts improvements by DECT over SECT consistently with theoretical predictions, with 0.34% and 0.31% for soft tissues and bones in the experimental setup compared to 0.34% and 1.14% with the theoretical method.ConclusionsThe present work uses experimental measurements in a realistic clinical environment to show potential benefits of DECT for proton therapy treatment planning. Our results show clear improvements over SECT in tissue‐equivalent plastic materials and animal tissues. Further work towards using Monte Carlo simulations for treatment planning with DECT data and a more detailed investigation of the uncertainties on I‐value and limitations on the Bragg additivity rule could potentially further enhance the benefits of this imaging technology for proton therapy.
Selective proton‐observed, carbon‐edited (selPOCE) MRS method for measurement of glutamate and glutamine 13C‐labeling in the human frontal cortex
Authors: De Feyter Henk M. , Herzog Raimund I. , Steensma Bart R. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Brown Peter B. , Mason Graeme F. , Rothman Douglas L. , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in combination with infusion of 13C‐labeled substrates has led to unique insights into human brain metabolism and neurotransmitter cycling. However, the low sensitivity of direct 13C MRS and high radiofrequency power requirements has limited 13C MRS studies to predominantly data acquisition in large volumes of the occipital cortex. The purpose of this study is to develop an MRS technique for localized detection of 13C‐labeling of glutamate and glutamine in the human frontal lobe.MethodsWe used an indirect (1H‐[13C]), proton‐observed, carbon‐edited MRS sequence (selPOCE) for detection of 13C‐labeled metabolites in relatively small volumes located in the frontal lobe at 4 T. The SelPOCE method allows for selective and separate detection of glutamate and glutamine resonances, which significantly overlap at magnetic field strengths used for clinical MRI.ResultsPhantom data illustrate how selPOCE can be tuned to selectively detect 13C labeling in different metabolites. Three‐dimensional specific absorption rate simulations of radiofrequency power deposition show that the selPOCE method operates comfortably within the global and local Food and Drug Administration specific absorption rate guidelines. In vivo selPOCE data are presented, which were acquired from a 45‐mL volume in the frontal lobe of healthy subjects. The in vivo data show the time‐dependent 13C‐labeling of glutamate and glutamine during intravenous infusion of [1‐13C]‐glucose. Metrics describing spectral fitting quality of the glutamate and glutamine resonances are reported.ConclusionsThe SelPOCE sequence allows the detection of 13C‐labeling in glutamate and glutamine from a relatively small volume in the human frontal lobe at low radiofrequency power requirements. Magn Reson Med 80:11–20, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Efficient time stepping for the multiplicative Maxwell fluid including the Mooney‐Rivlin hyperelasticity
Authors: Shutov A. V. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA popular version of the finite‐strain Maxwell fluid is considered, which is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor. The model combines Newtonian viscosity with hyperelasticity of the Mooney‐Rivlin type; it is a special case of the viscoplasticity model proposed by Simo and Miehe in 1992. A simple, efficient, and robust implicit time‐stepping procedure is suggested. Lagrangian and Eulerian versions of the algorithm are available, with equivalent properties. The numerical scheme is iteration free, unconditionally stable, and first order accurate. It exactly preserves the inelastic incompressibility, symmetry, and positive definiteness of the internal variables and w‐invariance. The accuracy of the stress computations is tested using a series of numerical simulations involving a nonproportional loading and large strain increments. In terms of accuracy, the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the modified Euler backward method with exact inelastic incompressibility; the proposed method is also equivalent to the classical integration method based on exponential mapping. Since the new method is iteration free, it is more robust and computationally efficient. The algorithm is implemented into MSC.MARC, and a series of initial boundary value problems is solved to demonstrate the usability of the numerical procedures.
Identification of Plasma Membrane Glycoproteins Specific to Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Using Lectin Arrays and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Park Yae Eun , Yeom Jeonghun , Kim YoungSoo , Lee Hye Jin , Han Ki‐Cheol , Lee Seung‐Taek , Lee Cheolju , Lee Ji Eun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most malignant type of brain cancer and has poor prognosis with a median survival of less than one year. While the structural changes of tumor cell surface carbohydrates are known to be associated with invasive behavior of tumor cells, the cell surface glycoproteins to differentiate the low‐ and high‐grade glioma cells can be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBMs. In the present study, lectin arrays consisting of eight lectins were employed to explore cell surface carbohydrate expression patterns on low‐grade oligodendroglioma cells (Hs683) and GBM cells (T98G). Griffonia simplicifolia I (GS I) was found to selectively bind to T98G cells and not to Hs683 cells. For identification of the glioblastoma‐specific cell surface markers, the glycoproteins from each cell type were captured by a GS I lectin column and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. The identified proteins from the two cell types were quantified using label‐free quantitative analysis based on spectral counting. Of cell surface glycoproteins showing significant increases in T98G cells, five proteins were selected for verification of both protein and glycosylation level changes using Western blot and GS I lectin‐based immunosorbent assay.
Why is Meaning‐Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) effective? Enhanced sense of meaning as the mechanism of change for advanced cancer patients
Authors: Rosenfeld Barry , Cham Heining , Pessin Hayley , Breitbart William 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesMeaning‐Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) has been demonstrated to be an effective method for improving advanced cancer patients' quality of life and reducing their depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death. To further understand MCGP, this study examined the mechanisms of change in MCGP on these outcomes via advanced cancer patients' changes of sense of meaning and peace in life.MethodsThe sample data were from 2 randomized control trials that compared MCGP (n = 124) to supportive group psychotherapy (n = 94). Mediation effects of treatment status on outcomes (2 months after completion of treatment) via patients' change in sense of meaning and peace (posttreatment minus pretreatment) were tested. The outcome variables used in these analyses were quality of life, depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death.ResultsSignificant mediation effects via change in sense of meaning and peace on these outcomes were found. Consistent results were found using intention‐to‐treated statuses. Weaker, but still significant, mediation effects via change in sense of faith on these outcomes were also found.ConclusionsResults supported the hypotheses that improvement due to MCGP is mediated by advanced cancer patients' enhanced sense of meaning. These findings highlight the importance of interventions focused on enhancing sense of meaning, as this appears to be a viable route to improve quality of life and decrease psychological distress among patients with advanced cancer.
Association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Han Chinese newborns
Authors: Chen Hui , Zheng Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of 14 cytokine gene polymorphisms with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among Han Chinese newborns. The 14 polymorphisms investigated were IL18 rs1946519, rs1946518, rs187238, rs360718, and rs360717 polymorphisms, IL10 rs3024493 polymorphism, IL6 rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797 polymorphisms, TNF rs361525 and rs1800629 polymorphisms, and TGFB1 rs1800469, rs1800468, and rs1800471 polymorphisms.Working hypothesisThe polymorphisms could be associated with the risk of BPD among Han Chinese newborns.Study design, patient‐subject selection, and methodologyThis is a retrospective study. Genotyping of these polymorphisms were performed on BPD cases (N = 1022) and non‐BPD controls (N = 1039) who were ascertained using the established Jobe and Bancalari criteria. The odds ratios (ORs) of polymorphisms whose genotype distribution in the controls fulfilled the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were calculated to evaluate the strengths of genetic association.ResultsGenotype distributions of IL6 rs1800795 and rs1800797 polymorphisms deviated significantly from HWE and were omitted from the analysis. Among the 12 remaining polymorphisms, only TNF rs361525 polymorphism demonstrated a statistically significant association with BPD risk. The heterozygous GA genotype of TNF rs361525 polymorphism showed an OR of 1.932 (1.512‐2.470), while the homozygous AA variant genotype showed an OR of 2.927 (1.216‐7.048) (P = 0.000 and P = 0.017, respectively). Besides, the allelic OR was also analyzed, and it was found that the variant A allele of TNF rs361525 polymorphism showed an OR of 2.146 (1.718‐2.680) (P = 0.000).ConclusionTNF rs361525 polymorphism could influence BPD risk among Han Chinese newborns.
The hypoxic test in preterm neonates reinvestigated
Authors: Kouakam Christelle , Stephan‐Blanchard Erwan , Léké André , Kongolo Guy , Haraux Elodie , Delanaud Stéphane , Telliez Frédéric , Chardon Karen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimWe currently lack a suitable gold‐standard method for implementation on modern equipment to assess peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to develop an accurate and reproducible method for assessing peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity in sleeping preterm neonates.MethodsA poïkilocapnic hypoxic test was performed twice during rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) and non‐rapid eye movement sleep (nonREM sleep). The infant breathed hypoxic gas (15% O2) for 60 s. The ventilatory response to hypoxia was assessed by comparing minute ventilation during the control period (21% O2) with successive 4‐cycles sequences during hypoxia. We detected the first statistically significant increase in minute ventilation and recorded the corresponding response time.ResultsDuring normoxia, minute ventilation was higher during REM sleep than in nonREM sleep (428.1 mL · min−1 · kg−1 [307.7‐633.6]; 388.8 mL · min−1 · kg−1 [264.7‐608.0], respectively; P = 0.001). After hypoxia, minute ventilation increased in both REM and nonREM sleep. The response was significantly higher in REM than in nonREM (25.3% [10.8‐80.0] and 16.8% [7.5‐33.2], respectively; P = 0.005). The intraclass correlation coefficients for all respiratory parameters were above 0.90.ConclusionWe have developed a highly reliable method for assessing peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity at the response time to hypoxia. In the future, researchers could use this method to assess the involvement of peripheral chemoreceptors in infants who experience chronic hypoxia (e.g. in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and recurrent apnea).
Enhanced radiosensitization of enzalutamide via schedule dependent administration to androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ghashghaei Maryam , Paliouras Miltiadis , Heravi Mitra , Bekerat Hamed , Trifiro Mark , Niazi Tamim M. , Muanza Thierry 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a progressive disease and the most diagnosed cancer in men. The current standard of care for high‐risk localized PCa is a combination of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation (XRT). The majority of these patients however become resistant due to incomplete responses to ADT as a result of selective cells maintaining androgen receptor (AR) activity. Improvement can be made if increasing radiosensitivity is realized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the next‐generation PCa drug Enzalutamide (ENZA), as a radiosensitizer in XRT therapy.MethodsUsing a number of androgen‐dependent (LNCaP, PC3‐T877A) and androgen‐independent (C4‐2, 22RV1, PC3, PC3‐AR V7) cell lines, the effect of ENZA as a radiosensitizer was studied alone or in combination with ADT and/or XRT. Cell viability and cell survival were assessed, along with determination of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and repair, apoptosis and senescence.ResultsOur results indicated that either ENZA alone (in AR positive, androgen‐dependent PCa cells) or in combination with ADT (in AR positive, hormone‐insensitive PCa cells) potentiates radiation response [Dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.75 in LNCAP and 1.35 in C4‐2] stronger than ADT + XRT conditions. Additionally, ENZA sensitized androgen dependent PCa cells to XRT in a schedule‐dependent manner, where concurrent administration of ENZA and radiation lead to a maximal radiosensitization when compared to either drug administration prior or after XRT. In LNCaP cells, ENZA treatment significantly prolonged the presence of XRT‐induced phospho‐γH2AX up to 24 h after treatment; suggesting enhanced DNA damage. It also significantly increased XRT‐induced apoptosis and senescence.ConclusionsOur data indicates that ENZA acts as a much stronger radiosensitizer compared to ADT. We have also observed that its efficacy is schedule dependent and related to increased levels of DNA damage and a delay of DNA repair processes. Finally, the initial abrogation of DNA‐PKcs activity by AR inhibition and its subsequent recovery might represent an important mechanism by which PCa cells acquire resistance to combined anti‐androgen and XRT treatment. This work suggests a new use of ENZA in combination with XRT that could be applicable in clinical trial settings for patients with early and intermediate hormone responsive disease.