bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preterm infant body composition cannot be accurately determined by weight and length
Authors: Kiger J.R. , Taylor S.N. , Wagner C.L. , Finch C. , Katikaneni L. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Body composition is a key metric for assessing nutrition in preterm infants. In many neonatal intensive care units body composition is estimated using anthropometric indices which mathematically combine body weight and length. However, the accuracy of these indices is unknown in preterm infants. In contrast, air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) has been shown to accurately measure neonatal fat mass, but it is not widely available. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine which anthropometric index is most correlated to infant fat mass, as determined by ADP. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective observational study, comparing ADP-determined percent body fat at 366 time points for 239 preterm infants (born <32 weeks), with simultaneous weight and length measurements. Non-linear regression was performed to determine the best fit anthropometric index to the body fat percentage as determined by ADP. Our non-linear regression model, % fat = Axwt αxLβ, is the generalization of the most common anthropometric indices (BMI, ponderal index, etc.). RESULTS: The best-fit regression formula most closely matched the formula for BMI. However, the regression explained only 51% of variability seen in body fat percentage at post-menstrual age <50 weeks, and 16% of variation seen at 50 weeks or greater. CONCLUSION: Even optimal formulas relating weight and length to body fat percentage predict only a fraction of the variation seen in body composition, especially beyond 50 weeks. BMI was the anthropometric index most predictive of body fat percentage, but still has limited accuracy.
Maternal variables associated with physiologic stress and perinatal complications in preterm infants
Authors: Dietze Tamara R. , Rose F.F. , Moore T.A. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE: Complications of prematurity may be related to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in preterm infants. Increased intrauterine exposure to cortisol may be responsible for adverse prenatal programming and subsequent dysfunction of the infant’s hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The aim of the study was to describe maternal social variables and their association with infant cortisol levels and complications of prematurity. METHODS: Preterm infants <32 weeks’ gestation were recruited. Primary outcomes were development of complications of prematurity and physiologic stress response, represented by cord blood and salivary cortisol levels on first day of life. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifteen of 31 infants enrolled developed a complication of prematurity. Infants of greater gestational age when prenatal care was established had lower cord blood cortisol ( p = 0.009) and trended a higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis ( p = 0.069). Infants whose mothers smoked more showed significantly different salivary cortisol distributions on day 1 ( p = 0.037), and were at greater risk for intraventricular hemorrhage ( p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The association between maternal social variables, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, and complications of prematurity supports the research model of physiologic dysregulation/allostatic load as a mechanism for complications in preterm infants. More research is warranted to investigate associations between maternal social variables, maternal stress levels, and adverse prenatal programming of the infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Neonatal care – what do mothers in a rural Nigerian community know and practice?
Authors: Nnebue C.C. , Duru C.B. , Uwakwe K.A. , Ifeadike C.O. , Anyanwu B.C. , Adinnu K.M. , Nwaneri P.O. , Ufoh I.J. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Nigeria ranks among developing countries with poor neonatal health indices. This underscores the need for households and healthcare providers to understand the concept of newborn care and react appropriately and timely too. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge and practices of mothers in the Elele community regarding neonatal care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a community-based descriptive cross sectional study of 380 mothers who had a neonate. Mothers were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by interview using a semi-structured questionnaire (with closed and open ended questions) and analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences version 22.0. Chi-square test was used to identify statistically significant associations among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendance cum place of delivery and neonatal care practices. RESULTS: Ninety one (23.9%) of respondents were aware of at least four out of nine danger signs, while all reported wrapping their babies within 10 minutes after birth. Duration less than six hours from birth to first bath, feeding with or discarding of colostrum and timing of first breastfeeding within the first hour of birth were significantly associated with ANC attendance ( p = 0.000, p = 0.002 and p = 0.000 respectively). Duration less than six hours to first bath, umbilical cord care and feeding with or discarding of colostrum were significantly associated with health facility delivery ( p = 0.043, p = 0.026 and p = 0.003 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate knowledge of newborn care among mothers was found, while non-ANC attendance and non-health facility delivery were associated with inappropriate neonatal care practices. We recommend comprehensive behavior change interventions, to promote proper neonatal care practices.
Morbidity and mortality associated with rewarming hypothermic very low birth weight infants
Authors: Feldman A. , De Benedictis B. , Alpan Gad , La Gamma E.F. , Kase J. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVES: In very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, hypothermia is associated with poor outcomes. The goal of this study is to assess the relationship between the rate of rewarming these babies and their outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 98 inborn VLBW infants who were hypothermic (<36°C rectally) upon admission to the NICU. A logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between the rates of rewarming and time to achieve euthermia and the following outcomes: death, intraventricular hemorrhage, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and retinopathy of prematurity. RESULTS: Prolonged rewarming time was associate with increased odds of mortality (OR 1.273 95% CI 1.032–1.571). No associations between rewarming rates and any of the outcomes were seen. Once birthweight was included in a multiple logistic regression model, the association between mortality and rewarming time was no longer significant. Outcomes that were not associated with either rate or time of rewarming (even in a univariate model) were: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSION: In moderately hypothermic VLBW infants, after accounting for birthweight, no association between rewarming and outcome is seen.
ACETYLENE ON TITAN’S SURFACE
Authors: Singh S. , McCord T. B. , Combe J-Ph. , Rodriguez S. , Cornet T. , Mouélic S. Le , Clark R. N. , Maltagliati L. , Chevrier V. F. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Titan’s atmosphere is opaque in the near-infrared due to gaseous absorptions, mainly by methane, and scattering by aerosols, except in a few “transparency windows.” Thus, the composition of Titan’s surface remains difficult to access from space and is still poorly constrained. Photochemical models suggest that most of the organic compounds formed in the atmosphere are heavy enough to condense and build up at the surface in liquid and solid states over geological timescales. Acetylene (C2H2) net production in the atmosphere is predicted to be larger than any other compound and C2H2 has been speculated to exist on the surface of Titan. C2H2 was detected as a trace gas sublimated/evaporated from the surface using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer after the landing of the Huygens probe. Here we show evidence of C2H2 on the surface of Titan by detecting absorption bands at 1.55 and 4.93 μm using the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer at three different equatorial areas—Tui Regio, eastern Shangri La, and Fensal–Aztlan/Quivira. We found that C2H2 is preferentially detected in low-albedo areas, such as sand dunes and near the Huygens landing site. The specific location of the C2H2 detections suggests that C2H2 is mobilized by surface processes, such as surface weathering by liquids through dissolution/evaporation processes.
A MICROFILAMENT-ERUPTION MECHANISM FOR SOLAR SPICULES
Authors: Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent investigations indicate that solar coronal jets result from eruptions of small-scale chromospheric filaments, called minifilaments; that is, the jets are produced by scaled-down versions of typical-sized filament eruptions. We consider whether solar spicules might in turn be scaled-down versions of coronal jets, being driven by eruptions of microfilaments. Assuming a microfilament's size is about a spicule's width (∼300 km), the estimated occurrence number plotted against the estimated size of erupting filaments, minifilaments, and microfilaments approximately follows a power-law distribution (based on counts of coronal mass ejections, coronal jets, and spicules), suggesting that many or most spicules could result from microfilament eruptions. Observed spicule-base Ca ii brightenings plausibly result from such microfilament eruptions. By analogy with coronal jets, microfilament eruptions might produce spicules with many of their observed characteristics, including smooth rise profiles, twisting motions, and EUV counterparts. The postulated microfilament eruptions are presumably eruptions of twisted-core micro-magnetic bipoles that are ∼1.″0 wide. These explosive bipoles might be built and destabilized by merging and cancelation of approximately a few to 100 G magnetic-flux elements of size

≲
0
.″
5
–
1
.″
0

. If, however, spicules are relatively more numerous than indicated by our extrapolated distribution, then only a fraction of spicules might result from this proposed mechanism.
Les défis énergétiques pour un développement durable : comment éviter l’effondrement ?
Authors: Giraud Gaël 
Published: August 2016

L’énergie contribue de manière bien plus significative à la croissance économique que ne le reconnaissent la plupart des approches conventionnelles en macro-économie. Cet enjeu est d’autant plus crucial que plusieurs « signaux (plus ou moins) faibles » indiquent que le temps est compté, dans un certain nombre de pays du Sud, pour sortir de la pauvreté et se préparer à affronter les dégâts induits à la fois par la déplétion des ressources naturelles et le dérèglement climatique. À moins d’une bifurcation profonde vers des économies de type circulaire, la perspective d’un effondrement des sociétés du Sud et d’une paupérisation durable de celles du Nord n’est plus à exclure.
Energie et développement dans les pays émergents
Authors: Reilly John 
Published: August 2016

L’énergie est un volet important de l’économie et un facteur de production fondamental. En général, sa consommation augmente en lien avec la croissance des activités économiques. L’expérience montre une relation plus étroite entre ces deux aspects (élasticité E/PIB supérieure) dans les économies émergentes qui n’ont pas encore dépassé le stade du développement à forte intensité énergétique. Bien que les sources d’énergies fossiles traditionnelles restent le moyen le moins coûteux de fournir l’essentiel des services énergétiques, elles posent des difficultés pour l’environnement. Gérer la hausse de la consommation d’énergie et ses répercussions sur l’environnement est un enjeu majeur de la « croissance verte ». Nous nous appuyons sur des exemples d’interactions dans le développement énergétique en Chine pour éclairer ces liens.
Systèmes électoraux « complexes », coordination pré-électorale complexe. Une comparaison France-Italie
Authors: Di Virgilio Aldo , Dolez Bernard , Laurent Annie 
Published: August 2016

Les études menées sur la coordination pré-électorale dans les systèmes électoraux « complexes » (le scrutin à deux tours, les systèmes mixtes, ceux avec bonus majoritaire etc.) restent toujours rares, alors que plus en plus de pays ont adopté des formules électorales composites. La comparaison de la coordination pré-électorale en France et en Italie vise à combler ce gap. Elle met en lumière tout à la fois les contraintes que les règles électorales complexes exercent sur les partis mais aussi la façon dont ils en jouent, autrement dit comment ils ajustent leur comportement en se coordonnant, selon des modalités variables. Mais se coordonner ou se concurrencer n’est pas le seul fruit des règles électorales. D’autres facteurs institutionnels, conjoncturels ou relevant de l’histoire politique peuvent aussi favoriser ou freiner tant la construction de coalitions pré-électorales, que leurs formes et leurs périmètres.
A Recombinant Chimeric Ad5/3 Vector Expressing a Multistage Plasmodium Antigen Induces Protective Immunity in Mice Using Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Regimens
Authors: Cabrera-Mora Monica , Fonseca Jairo Andres , Singh Balwan , Zhao Chunxia , Makarova Natalia , Dmitriev Igor , Curiel David T. , Blackwell Jerry , Moreno Alberto 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An ideal malaria vaccine should target several stages of the parasite life cycle and induce antiparasite and antidisease immunity. We have reported a Plasmodium yoelii chimeric multistage recombinant protein (P. yoelii linear peptide chimera/recombinant modular chimera), engineered to express several autologous T cell epitopes and sequences derived from the circumsporozoite protein and the merozoite surface protein 1. This chimeric protein elicits protective immunity, mediated by CD4+ T cells and neutralizing Abs. However, experimental evidence, from pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates and irradiated sporozoites, has shown that CD8+ T cells play a significant role in protection. Recombinant viral vectors have been used as a vaccine platform to elicit effective CD8+ T cell responses. The human adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 has been tested in malaria vaccine clinical trials with excellent safety profile. Nevertheless, a major concern for the use of Ad5 is the high prevalence of anti-vector neutralizing Abs in humans, hampering its immunogenicity. To minimize the impact of anti-vector pre-existing immunity, we developed a chimeric Ad5/3 vector in which the knob region of Ad5 was replaced with that of Ad3, conferring partial resistance to anti-Ad5 neutralizing Abs. Furthermore, we implemented heterologous Ad/protein immunization regimens that include a single immunization with recombinant Ad vectors. Our data show that immunization with the recombinant Ad5/3 vector induces protective efficacy indistinguishable from that elicited by Ad5. Our study also demonstrates that the dose of the Ad vectors has an impact on the memory profile and protective efficacy. The results support further studies with Ad5/3 for malaria vaccine development.
Forecasting visitor accession trend of two prominent Indian Health Journal websites for the period 2015-2020 using time series analysis
Authors: Dwivedi Nidhi , Sachdeva Sandeep 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the pattern and forecast visitor accession trend of two national academic journal website: Indian Journal of Community Medicine (IJCM) and Indian Journal of Public Health (IJPH) for the period 2015-2020.

Materials and Methods:
The visitor accession details (number of times journal issue accessed online) for the period 2000-2014 (15 years) were collected and recorded on Microsoft Excel sheet. Time series analysis was then applied on the dataset using different forecasting models to predict the future trend of accession and value of a real dataset using R software (version 3.1).

Results:
Both the Indian journals are managed by independent professional bodies, but IJCM journal website was made online in 2007, 3 years ahead of IJPH (2010), leading to a very high accession (a proxy indicator for volume of readership) of IJCM during this period ranging between 100,000 and 120,000 counts, and thereafter accession was noticed to be slightly higher for IJPH than IJCM. The time series sequence showed that both had similar pattern, i.e., first stage: they have initial slow rise; second stage: sudden increasing trend from 2007 to 2010 (IJCM); and 2010 to 2012 (IJPH), respectively; and third stage: Both have then a decreasing trend with superimposed seasonal fluctuations. Future predicted accession details of IJCM and IJPH for 2015-2020 by Holt-Winter fitting model suggest stagnation with online accession of journal issue ranging from 30,360 to 31,860 counts for IJPH and 20,997 to 25,581 counts for IJCM though the range of accession for IJCM (4584) was higher than IJPH (1500), thereby reflecting that IJPH will attain stagnation earlier then IJCM. Autoregressive integrated moving average model also reflected similar results. Ljung-Box test indicated that the model was found statistically correct (P = 0.825 for IJCM and P = 0.50 (IJPH), and there was no statistically significant difference between actual values and predicted values by model. For IJCM dataset, value of R
2 = 0.678 means that the model could explain 67.8% of the observed variation in the series, while it was able to explain 63.3% variations in IJPH series.

Conclusion:
To conclude within limitations, this study provides information on pattern and trend of visitor accession of public health journal website. The information unraveled from this study may further aids in planning, strengthening publication standards along with experimentation of innovative ideas to enhance visibility, global participation with a focus on retaining and enhancing journal user base.
The Lumpiness of German Exports and Imports of Goods
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper looks at a hitherto neglected extensive margin of international trade by investigating for the first time the frequency at which German exporters and importers trade a given good with a given country. Imports and exports show a high degree of lumpiness. In a given year about half of all firm-good-country combinations are recorded only once or twice for trade with EU-countries, and this is the case for more than 60 percent of all firm-good-country combinations in trade with non-EU countries. The frequency of recorded transactions tends to decline with an increase in the number of transactions per year. This is in accordance with the presence of per-shipment fixed costs that provide an incentive for trading firms to engage in cross-border transactions infrequently. Empirical models show that for Germany the frequency of transactions at the firm-good-country level tends to decrease with an increase in per-shipment costs when unobserved firm and goods characteristics are controlled for.
The Behavior of Noon Sakinah and Nunation in Quranic Recitation: An Optimality Account
Authors: Abalkheel Albatool Mohammed 
Published: August 2016

<p>“Natural classes” refer to the set of sound patterns that go together in phonological processes. This paper provides an analysis of the phonological behavior of noon sakinah and nunation /n/ in Quranic recitation based on natural class generalization within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). In some instances, the OT account may be accurate than traditional analysis. It provides evidence that natural classes derive from the nature of the set of markedness constraints, and that gutturals must constitute a natural class. The principal source of evidence for these proposals is that gutturals, unlike other places of articulation, do not induce nasal assimilation. </p>
I Thought I Forgot about it: A Case Study in Attrition of English Grammar and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Alharthi Thamer , Al-Hassan Albandary 
Published: August 2016

<p>The purpose of the present study was to investigate foreign language attrition in Saudi Arabia. It focused on the attrition of English grammar and reading comprehension of university students whose formal learning of English had ceased between one and four years prior to the study. The participants were non-English major Saudi undergraduate female students at a Saudi university who had completed an English course in order to fulfill college requirements. The study adopted the kind of design commonly used in language attrition studies, i.e. a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches. Various measurements of L2 attrition were conducted, including tests, questionnaires, and can-do scales. The findings suggest that (1) attrition due to ack of use of English did occur, (2) attrition sets in quickly and then levels off after four years of non-use, (3) reading comprehension is more vulnerable to attrition than grammar, and (4) no significant differences between participants were found due to the length of time English had not been used. </p>
On Phonetic Negative Transfer from Dialect to Mandarin--A Case Study of Vowels in Mandarin with Hengshan Accent
Authors: Liu Yabin 
Published: August 2016

<p>It is a popular belief that second language acquisition is strongly influenced by learner’s first language. This study makes a tentative research on phonetic negative transfer from Hengshan dialect to standard Mandarin based on the analysis of errors of vowel pronunciation in Mandarin with Hengshan accent by virtue of Praat. The result suggests that pronunciation of simple vowels, compound vowels as well as nasal vowels are more or less influenced by Hengshan dialect. </p>
“Afro de ensueño” y “Afro”
Authors: Peñalba Verona 
Published: August 2016

“Pinto a mujeres porque soy mujer, he vivido rodeada de mujeres y por ello puedo entenderlas aún más. Es como un espejo, puedo ver cuando una mujer sonríe, cuando tiene una expresión de alegría, sensualidad o tristeza, porque también manifiesto esas emociones y puedo establecer una conexión. La mujer a través de su feminidad, delicadeza y fuerza tiene mucho poder. Es muy importante que todas tengamos conciencia de ese poder”. Verona PeñalbaArtista plástico nicaragüense
A Survey of Critical Success Factors of Private Banks in Electronic Banking Services
Authors: Yaghoubi Nour Mohammad , Siavashi Reza , Bahmaei Roohollah 
Published: August 2016

<p>One of the key problems in development of electronic banking services, is the lack of a comprehensive framework to recognize and evaluate the crucial factors of banking success in offering electronic services, which in this study it has been addressed directly. By exploratory factor analysis, the main variables of model are determined and a comprehensive model to identify the key elements of private banks successes in offering electronic services, have been discovered and delineated. This comprehensive model, falls the key elements in six main groups of technical- structural factors, financial factors, cultural- cognitive factors, managerial factors (macro and micro), legal -lawful Factors and qualitative - Security Factors of the System. On the other hand, in each group, the most important items in terms of correlation with the success of electronic banking services are determined.<strong> </strong>And at last, a comprehensive framework and constructive suggestions in order to solve the issue in electronic banking industry is presented. The model can be an appropriate and valid basis for conducting future researches in the mentioned field.</p>