bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discriminação dos trabalhadores em razão da deficiência na jurisprudência do TJUE: breve análise dos casos Chacón Navas, Jette Ring, Z. e Coleman Workers disability discrimination in the jurisprudence of the ECJ: brief analysis of the Chacón Navas...
Authors: Moreira Teresa Coelho 
Published: March 2016

A discriminação em razão da deficiência é um conceito relativamente novo. De facto, as questões relacionadas com a deficiência começaram por ser tratadas como um tema relacionado com a segurança social, a saúde ou a tutela. A proteção conferida aos trabalhadores portadores de deficiência encontra-se prevista a nível internacional, em instrumentos jurídicos ratificados pelo Estado Brasileiro, como a Convenção n.º 159 da OIT relativa à readaptação profissional e emprego de pessoas portadoras de deficiência, adotada em 1983, em articulação com a Recomendação n.º 168. De realçar, ainda, pela sua relevância, a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, adotada em 2006. A implicação de ter ratificado esta Convenção para a UE é de que ela passa a fazer parte das bases do direito universal de igualdade e deve ser tida em atenção em casos de discriminação. Atendendo a esta base, o próprio TJUE tem de respeitar a Convenção e poderá recorrer aos princípios vertidos na mesma para interpretar os arts. 21.º e 26.º da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia, como já aconteceu em vários casos recentes do Tribunal – acórdão Jette Ring, de 11 de abril de 2013 – C- 335/11 e C‑337/11, assim como mais recentemente na Opinião do Advogado-Geral no caso Z contra A Government Department and the Board of Management of a Community School, processo C-363/12, de 26 de setembro de 2013.
Mortality and Causes of Death in Patients with Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: Survey Study Based on the Clinical Experience of Specialists in Australia, Europe and the USA
Authors: Price Mark A. , Barghout Victoria , Benveniste Olivier , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Corbett Alastair , de Visser Marianne , Hilton-Jones David , Kissel John T. , Lloyd Thomas E. , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Mastaglia Francis , Mozaffar Tahseen , Needham Merrilee , Schmidt Jens , Sivakumar Kumaraswamy , DeMuro Carla , Tseng Brian S. 
Published: March 2016

Background: There is a paucity of data on mortality and causes of death (CoDs) in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), a rare, progressive, degenerative, inflammatory myopathy that typically affects those aged over 50 years. Objective: Based on patient records and expertise of clinical specialists, this study used questionnaires to evaluate physicians’ views on clinical characteristics of sIBM that may impact on premature mortality and CoDs in these patients. Methods: Thirteen physicians from seven countries completed two questionnaires online between December 20, 2012 and January 15, 2013. Responses to the first questionnaire were collated and presented in the second questionnaire to seek elaboration and identify consensus. Results: All 13 physicians completed both questionnaires, providing responses based on 585 living and 149 deceased patients under their care. Patients were reported to have experienced dysphagia (60.2%) and injurious falls (44.3%) during their disease. Over half of physicians reported that a subset of their patients with sIBM had a shortened lifespan (8/13), and agreed that bulbar dysfunction/dysphagia/oropharyngeal involvement (12/13), early-onset disease (8/13), severe symptoms (8/13), and falls (7/13) impacted lifespan. Factors related to sIBM were reported as CoDs in 40% of deceased patients. Oropharyngeal muscle dysfunction was ranked as the leading feature of sIBM that could contribute to death. The risk of premature mortality was higher than the age-matched comparison population. Conclusions: In the absence of data from traditional sources, this study suggests that features of sIBM may contribute to premature mortality and may be used to inform future studies.
Breast tomosynthesis using the multiple projection algorithm adapted for stationary detectors
Authors: Malliori A. , Bliznakova K. , Bliznakov Z. , Cockmartin L. , Bosmans H. , Pallikarakis N. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of using the Multiple Projection Algorithm (MPA) for Breast Tomosynthesis (BT) using real projection images acquired with phantoms at a clinical setting. METHODS: The CIRS-BR3D phantom with ranging thicknesses between 3 cm and 6 cm was used for all image quality evaluations. Five sets of measurements were acquired, each comprised of a 2D mammographic image followed by a set of 25 projections within an arc length of 50°. A reconstruction algorithm based on the MPA was adapted for partial isocentric rotation using a stationary detector. For reference purposes, a Back Projection (BP) algorithm was also developed for this geometry. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated, in combination with pre-filtering of the projections, in comparative studies that involved also a comparison between tomosynthesis slices and 2D mammograms. RESULTS: Evaluation of tomosynthesis slices reconstructed with BP and MPA showed close performance for the two algorithms with no considerable differences in feature detection, size and appearance of the background tissue with the MPA running faster the overall process. Pre-filtering of the projections, led to better BT images compared to non-filtering. Increased thickness resulted in limited detection of the features of interest, especially the smaller sized ones. In these cases, the filtered BT slices allowed improved visualization due to removed superimposed tissue compared to the 2D images. The different breast-like slab arrangements in phantoms of the same thickness demonstrated a slight influence on the quality of reconstructed features. CONCLUSIONS: The MPA which had been applied previously to reconstruct tomograms from projections acquired at synchrotron facilities, is a time efficient algorithm, and is fully compliant with and can be successfully used in BT clinical systems. Compared to 2D mammography, BT shows advantage in visualizing features of small size and for increased phantom thickness or features within a dense background with superimposed structures.
PRECISE STRONG LENSING MASS MODELING OF FOUR HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELD CLUSTERS AND A SAMPLE OF MAGNIFIED HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Authors: Kawamata Ryota , Oguri Masamune , Ishigaki Masafumi , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ouchi Masami 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We conduct precise strong lensing mass modeling of four Hubble Frontier Field (HFF) clusters, Abell 2744, MACS J0416.1−2403, MACS J0717.5+3745, and MACS J1149.6+2223, for which HFF imaging observations are completed. We construct a refined sample of more than 100 multiple images for each cluster by taking advantage of the full-depth HFF images, and conduct mass modeling using the glafic software, which assumes simply parametrized mass distributions. Our mass modeling also exploits a magnification constraint from the lensed SN Ia HFF14Tom for Abell 2744 and positional constraints from the multiple images S1–S4 of the lensed supernova SN Refsdal for MACS J1149.6+2223. We find that our best-fitting mass models reproduce the observed image positions with rms errors of ∼0.″4, which are smaller than rms errors in previous mass modeling that adopted similar numbers of multiple images. Our model predicts a new image of SN Refsdal with a relative time delay and magnification that are fully consistent with a recent detection of reappearance. We then construct catalogs of z ∼ 6–9 dropout galaxies behind the four clusters and estimate magnification factors for these dropout galaxies with our best-fitting mass models. The dropout sample from the four cluster fields contains ∼120 galaxies at z ≳ 6, about 20 of which are predicted to be magnified by a factor of more than 10. Some of the high-redshift galaxies detected in the HFF have lensing-corrected magnitudes of M
UV ∼ −15 to −14. Our analysis demonstrates that the HFF data indeed offer an ideal opportunity to study faint high-redshift galaxies. All lensing maps produced from our mass modeling will be made available on the Space Telescope Science Institute website (https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/frontier/lensmodels/).
OSCILLATION OF NEWLY FORMED LOOPS AFTER MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE
Authors: Yang Shuhong , Xiang Yongyuan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
With the high spatial and temporal resolution Hα images from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we focus on two groups of loops with an X-shaped configuration in the dynamic chromosphere. We find that the anti-directed loops approach each other and reconnect continually. The connectivity of the loops is changed and new loops are formed and stack together. The stacked loops are sharply bent, implying that they are greatly impacted by the magnetic tension force. When another reconnection process takes place, one new loop is formed and stacks with the previously formed ones. Meanwhile, the stacked loops retract suddenly and move toward the balance position, performing an overshoot movement, which led to an oscillation with an average period of about 45 s. The oscillation of newly formed loops after magnetic reconnection in the chromosphere is observed for the first time. We suggest that the stability of the stacked loops is destroyed due to the attachment of the last new loop and then suddenly retract under the effect of magnetic tension. Because of the retraction, another lower loop is pushed outward and performs an oscillation with a period of about 25 s. The different oscillation periods may be due to their difference in three parameters, i.e., loop length, plasma density, and magnetic field strength.
Drivers of changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone between year 2000 and 2100
Authors: Banerjee Antara , Maycock Amanda C. , Archibald Alexander T. , Abraham N. Luke , Telford Paul , Braesicke Peter , Pyle John A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A stratosphere-resolving configuration of the Met Office's Unified Model (UM) with the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) scheme is used to investigate the atmospheric response to changes in (a) greenhouse gases and climate, (b) ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and (c) non-methane ozone precursor emissions. A suite of time-slice experiments show the separate, as well as pairwise, impacts of these perturbations between the years 2000 and 2100. Sensitivity to uncertainties in future greenhouse gases and aerosols is explored through the use of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The results highlight an important role for the stratosphere in determining the annual mean tropospheric ozone response, primarily through stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone. Under both climate change and reductions in ODSs, increases in STE offset decreases in net chemical production and act to increase the tropospheric ozone burden. This opposes the effects of projected decreases in ozone precursors through measures to improve air quality, which act to reduce the ozone burden. The global tropospheric lifetime of ozone (τO3) does not change significantly under climate change at RCP4.5, but it decreases at RCP8.5. This opposes the increases in τO3 simulated under reductions in ODSs and ozone precursor emissions. The additivity of the changes in ozone is examined by comparing the sum of the responses in the single-forcing experiments to those from equivalent combined-forcing experiments. Whilst the ozone responses to most forcing combinations are found to be approximately additive, non-additive changes are found in both the stratosphere and troposphere when a large climate forcing (RCP8.5) is combined with the effects of ODSs.
Non-geographical Exile: Reactionary Displacements in Giovanni Papini
Authors: Righi Andrea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractContrary to the usual depiction of fascism as a centralized and monolithic form of disciplinary control, the regime actually allowed for more flexible and nomadic space of affirmation for the fascist self, one that produces the externality of exile without its traditional geographically ordained limits. By analyzing the proto-fascist and fascist work of Italian author Giovanni Papini, this essay studies a relatively unexplored option in migrant studies: how the subversiveness of the marginal as nongeographical exile can be distorted and used for totalitarian purposes. In particular, framing the thought of Gilles Deleuze from a psychoanalytic feminist perspective, this paper examines the savage ontology fabricated by Papini in the first part of his career. I argue that the set of archaisms he constructs, such as a ruralist, savage identity, functioned as a social device to construct cultural otherness, and thus an eccentric position in Italian society through consolidation of political hegemony. This kind of totalitarian vitalism, best embodied by the notion of the savage man (omo salvaggio), offers the fascist individual a device for entering a zone of coextension with the displacing nature of life itself.
Creativity and Place: Meena Alexander's Poetics of Migration
Authors: Sabo Oana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The relationship between migration and creativity and the ways in which physical dislocation inflects writers' creative output are well-explored issues in diaspora studies. In shifting its focus from diasporic subject formation within literary texts to the exploration of the material histories and lives of diasporic subjects, diaspora studies has de-emphasized texts' formal aesthetics. My article addresses precisely the relation between geography and writing in Meena Alexander's poetry and essay collections The Shock of Arrival (1996) and Poetics of Dislocation (2009)—texts that explore the author's diasporic travels and her shocking realization that she is perceived as a racialized minority in the United States. As I argue, Alexander's arrival in America paradoxically entails her return to Indian history and her grappling with the broader postcolonial history that has shaped her identity. Her two texts, I contend, trouble traditional narratives of arrival and assimilation, reconfiguring arrival as a point of departure for new explorations of diasporic identities and shared histories.
Transistor-level characterization of static random access memory bit failures induced by random telegraph noise
Authors: Mizutani Tomoko , Saraya Takuya , Takeuchi Kiyoshi , Kobayashi Masaharu , Hiramoto Toshiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Bit failure events induced by random telegraph noise (RTN) for silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) static random access memory (SRAM) cells were characterized by directly monitoring the storage node voltage of individual cells, using a device-matrix-array (DMA) test element group (TEG). Correlating the cell-level RTN and failure waveforms with the RTN waveforms of individual transistors that constitute the same cell, RTN of a specific transistor that causes the cell failure was identified.
Theoretical study of SET operation in carbon nanotube memory cell
Authors: Stopa Michael , Rueckes Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We present results of self-consistent electronic structure calculations for an electromechanical memory cell consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric between titanium leads to elucidate the mechanism whereby the applied bias works to close the current gaps in the CNT fabric. We demonstrate that the asymmetry in the bias conditions required to achieve the “SET” operation of the cell (changing it from a high resistivity to low resistivity) results from the nature of a voltage drop in a compensated semiconducting material and depends sensitively on the background charge as well as on the position of the layer where the conducting gaps occur. The calculations provide insight into the behavior of the material and suggest possible fabrication strategies to modify the functionality.
Temperature dependence of electrical transport properties of La4BaCu5−
xCoxO13+δ conducting oxide thin films
Authors: Tsuruta Akihiro , Tsujioka Yusuke , Yoshida Yutaka , Terasaki Ichiro , Murayama Norimitsu , Shin Woosuck 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We fabricated Co-doped La4BaCu5O13+δ (La4BaCu5−

x
Co
x
O13+δ) epitaxial thin films with various amount of Co-substitution on SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates by a pulsed laser deposition method, and measured the resistivity from 10 to 1000 K. The resistivity below 700 K became large with increasing amount of Co-substitution, and that above 700 K was independent of Co-substitution. These measurement results suggested that the dominant component of carrier scattering changed from the impurity scattering of Co to phonon scattering at 700 K. As a result, the temperature dependence of the resistivity became weak systematically with increasing amount of Co-substitution. The resistivity measurement in N2-based 1% H2 clarified that the Co-substitution has no effect on the oxygen retention in the reduction atmosphere.
Solution-processed hybrid organic–inorganic complementary thin-film transistor inverter
Authors: Cheong Heajeong , Kuribara Kazunori , Ogura Shintaro , Fukuda Nobuko , Yoshida Manabu , Ushijima Hirobumi , Uemura Sei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigated hybrid organic–inorganic complementary inverters with a solution-processed indium–gallium–zinc-oxide (IGZO) n-channel thin-film transistor (TFT) and p-channel TFTs using the high-uniformity polymer poly[2,5-bis(alkyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrolo-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-alt-5,5-di(thiophene-2-yl)-2,2-(E)-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene] (PDVT-10). The IGZO TFT was fabricated at 150 °C for 1 min. It showed a high field-effect mobility of 0.9 cm2·V−1·s−1 and a high on/off current ratio of 107. A hybrid complementary inverter was fabricated by combining IGZO with a PDVT-10 thin-film transistor and its operation was confirmed.
Disaster Radio for Communication of Vital Messages and Health-Related Information: Experiences From the Haiyan Typhoon, the Philippines
Authors: Hugelius Karin , Gifford Mervyn , Örtenwall Per , Adolfsson Annsofie 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveCrisis communication is seen as an integrated and essential part of disaster management measures. After Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines 2013, radio was used to broadcast information to the affected community. The aim of this study was to describe how disaster radio was used to communicate vital messages and health-related information to the public in one affected region after Typhoon Haiyan.MethodsMixed-methods analysis using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics was used to analyze 2587 logged radio log files.ResultsRadio was used to give general information and to demonstrate the capability of officials to manage the situation, to encourage, to promote recovery and foster a sense of hope, and to give practical advice and encourage self-activity. The content and focus of the messages changed over time. Encouraging messages were the most frequently broadcast messages. Health-related messages were a minor part of all information broadcast and gaps in the broadcast over time were found.ConclusionDisaster radio can serve as a transmitter of vital messages including health-related information and psychological support in disaster areas. The present study indicated the potential for increased use. The perception, impact, and use of disaster radio need to be further evaluated. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:591–597)
The sensorimotor and social sides of the architecture of speech
Authors: Pezzulo Giovanni , Barca Laura , D'Ausilio Alessando 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpeech is a complex skill to master. In addition to sophisticated phono-articulatory abilities, speech acquisition requires neuronal systems configured for vocal learning, with adaptable sensorimotor maps that couple heard speech sounds with motor programs for speech production; imitation and self-imitation mechanisms that can train the sensorimotor maps to reproduce heard speech sounds; and a “pedagogical” learning environment that supports tutor learning.
Vocal communication is multi-sensorimotor coordination within and between individuals
Authors: Takahashi Daniel Y. , Ghazanfar Asif A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpeech is an exquisitely coordinated interaction among effectors both within and between individuals. No account of human communication evolution that ignores its foundational multisensory characteristics and cooperative nature will be satisfactory. Here, we describe two additional capacities – rhythmic audiovisual speech and cooperative communication – and suggest that they may utilize the very same or similar circuits as those proposed for vocal learning.
Asymptotics for multilinear averages of multiplicative functions
Authors: FRANTZIKINAKIS NIKOS , HOST BERNARD 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA celebrated result of Halász describes the asymptotic behavior of the arithmetic mean of an arbitrary multiplicative function with values on the unit disc. We extend this result to multilinear averages of multiplicative functions providing similar asymptotics, thus verifying a two dimensional variant of a conjecture of Elliott. As a consequence, we get several convergence results for such multilinear expressions, one of which generalises a well known convergence result of Wirsing. The key ingredients are a recent structural result for multiplicative functions with values on the unit disc proved by the authors and the mean value theorem of Halász.
Elimination of HIV-1 Genomes from Human T-lymphoid Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing
Authors: Kaminski Rafal , Chen Yilan , Fischer Tracy , Tedaldi Ellen , Napoli Alessandro , Zhang Yonggang , Karn Jonathan , Hu Wenhui , Khalili Kamel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe employed an RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 DNA editing system to precisely remove the entire HIV-1 genome spanning between 5′ and 3′ LTRs of integrated HIV-1 proviral DNA copies from latently infected human CD4+ T-cells. Comprehensive assessment of whole-genome sequencing of HIV-1 eradicated cells ruled out any off-target effects by our CRISPR/Cas9 technology that might compromise the integrity of the host genome and further showed no effect on several cell health indices including viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. Persistent co-expression of Cas9 and the specific targeting guide RNAs in HIV-1-eradicated T-cells protected them against new infection by HIV-1. Lentivirus-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 significantly diminished HIV-1 replication in infected primary CD4+ T-cell cultures and drastically reduced viral load in ex vivo culture of CD4+ T-cells obtained from HIV-1 infected patients. Thus, gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 may provide a new therapeutic path for eliminating HIV-1 DNA from CD4+ T-cells and potentially serve as a novel and effective platform toward curing AIDS.