bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building the Pamir‐Tibet Plateau—Crustal stacking, extensional collapse, and lateral extrusion in the Pamir: 3. Thermobarometry and petrochronology of deep Asian crust
Authors: Hacker Bradley R. , Ratschbacher Lothar , Rutte Daniel , Stearns Michael A. , Malz Nicole , Stübner Konstanze , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Pfänder Jörg A. , Everson Alexa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLarge domes of crystalline, middle to deep crustal rocks of Asian provenance make the Pamir a unique part of the India‐Asia collision. Combined major‐element and trace element thermobarometry, pseudosections, garnet‐zoning deconstruction, and geochronology are used to assess the burial and exhumation history of five of these domes. All domes were buried and heated sufficiently to initiate garnet growth at depths of 15–20 km at 37–27 Ma. The Central Pamir was then heated at ~10–20°C/Myr and buried at 1–2 km/Myr to 600–675°C at depths of 25–35 km by 22–19 Ma. The Shakhdara Dome in the South Pamir was heated at ~20°C/Myr and buried at 2–8 km/Myr to reach 750–800°C at depths of ≥50 km by ~20 Ma. All domes were exhumed at >3 km/Myr to 5–10 km depths and ~300°C by 17–15 Ma. The pressures, temperatures, burial rates, and heating rates are typical of continental collision. Decompression during exhumation outpaced cooling, compatible with tectonic unroofing along mapped large‐scale, normal‐sense shear zones, and with advection of near‐solidus or suprasolidus temperatures into the upper crust, triggering exhumation‐related magmatism. The Shakhdara Dome was exhumed from greater depth than the Central Pamir domes perhaps due to its position farther in the hinterland of the Paleogene retrowedge and to higher heat input following Indian slab breakoff. The large‐scale thickening and coincident ~20 Ma switch to extension throughout a huge area encompassing the Pamir and Karakorum strengthens the idea that the evolution of orogenic plateaux is governed by catastrophic plate‐scale events.
Detrital zircon (U‐Th)/(He‐Pb) double‐dating constraints on provenance and foreland basin evolution of the Ainsa Basin, south‐central Pyrenees, Spain
Authors: Thomson Kelly D. , Stockli Daniel F. , Clark Julian D. , Puigdefàbregas Cai , Fildani Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSouth central Pyrenean foreland basin fill preserves the eroded remnants of the early stages of fold‐thrust belt evolution and topographic growth. Specifically, the Eocene Hecho Group in the Ainsa Basin contains a succession of turbiditic channels and levees deposited in the transition zone between the fluvial‐deltaic and deep marine depozones. Detailed isotopic provenance analyses allow for the reconstruction of sediment sources of the ancient sediment routing systems. This study presents 2332 new detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb ages and 246 new DZ double‐dated (U‐Th)/(He‐Pb) ages from 19 turbiditic and fluvio‐deltatic sandstones in the Ainsa Basin. These data indicate a progressive provenance shift from Cadomian/Caledonian plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the eastern Pyrenees to Variscan plutonic rocks in the central Pyrenees. Minor sediment contributions from sources located to the S and SE of the basin are seen throughout the section. New DZ (U‐Th)/He results identify four main cooling events: Pyrenean orogenesis (~56 Ma), initial basin inversion (~80 Ma), Cretaceous rifting (~100 Ma), and pre‐Mesozoic cooling ages related to earlier tectonic phases. This study imposes new constraints on the paleogeographic evolution of the Pyrenees and illustrates that high‐frequency fluctuations in sediment delivery processes and sediment routing introduce superimposed noise upon the basin‐scale long‐term provenance evolution during orogenesis.
Metal‐Free Iodosulfonylation of Internal Alkynes: Stereodefined Access to Tetrasubstituted Olefins
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Dwivedi Vikas , Sridhar Reddy Maddi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe stereoselective E‐iodosulfonylation of internal alkynes for synthesizing highly defined tetrasubstituted olefins using sodium phenyl sulfinate and iodine has been achieved. Most of the alkynes explored are non‐symmetrical and the regioselection is under full control. Arylalkynes with various electron‐withdrawing groups like keto, aldehyde, ester, amide, cyano, sulfone, bromo, chloro and iodo on the other end are identified as successful precursors to yield the highly functionalized olefins. Alkynes directly tethered with heteroatoms are also found to be suitable substrates.magnified image
Organohalide Perovskites are Fast Ionic Conductors
Authors: Vicente Nuria , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFast ionic conductors constitute a family of materials exhibiting high values of the ionic conductivity while their crystal structure remains rather rigid. Perovskite‐like compounds are known to be good ionic conductors with applications as solid electrolytes. In hybrid halide perovskites both intrinsic (native) and extrinsic defect migration are regarded to occur. Ion diffusivity analysis is inherently ambiguous in all‐solid‐state configurations because of the multicomponent environment. Here, a liquid electrolyte in contact to the perovskite material forms a reservoir of Li+ that is forced to intercalate and migrate within the perovskite electrode. This approach decouples different contributions to transport in such a way that ion diffusion kinetics is easily accessible by means of impedance methods. The room‐temperature chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium ion within the perovskite lattice exhibits values as high as Dμ ≈ 10−7 cm2 s−1, which implies conductivities within the range of 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 for highly lithiated electrodes. This confirms the superionic intrinsic property of organohalide perovskites from a direct and unambiguous measurement that does not rely upon simulation tools.
Understanding the Reaction Kinetics to Optimize Graphene Growth on Cu by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kraus Jürgen , Böbel Lena , Zwaschka Gregor , Günther Sebastian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the growth kinetics of graphene is a prerequisite to synthesize this highly wanted material by chemical vapor deposition on Cu, e.g. for the construction of ultra‐stable electron transparent membranes. It is reviewed that Cu foils contain a considerable amount of carbon in the bulk which significantly exceeds the expected amount of thermally equilibrated dissolved carbon in Cu and that this carbon must be removed before any high quality graphene may be grown. Starting with such conditioned Cu foils, systematic studies of the graphene growth kinetics in a reactive CH4/H2 atmosphere allow to extract the following meaningful data: prediction of the equilibrium constant of the graphene formation reaction within a precision of a factor of two, the confirmation that the graphene growth proceeds from a C(ad)‐phase on Cu which is in thermal equilibrium with the reactive gas phase, its apparent activation barrier and finally the prediction of the achievable growth velocity of the growing graphene flakes during chemical vapor deposition. As a result of the performed study, growth parameters are identified for the synthesis of high quality monolayer graphene with single crystalline domains of 100–1000 μm in diameter within a reasonable growth time.
Electron‐Nuclear Dynamics in Molecular Harmonic Generation Driven by a Plasmonic Nonhomogeneous Field
Authors: Feng Li‐Qiang , Li Wen‐Liang , Liu Hang 
Published: July 2017

Electron (z)‐nuclear (R) dynamics in the molecular high‐order harmonic generation (MHHG) from H2+ driven by the plasmonic nonhomogeneous field, generated by the surface plasmon polaritons in the bowtie‐shaped nanostructure, have been theoretically investigated through solving the two dimensional time‐dependent Schrödinger equation with the Non‐Bohn‐Oppenheimer approximation. It is found that (i) due to the plasmonic enhancement of the laser intensity, the harmonic cutoff can be extended when the spatial position of H2+ is away from the gap center of the nanostructure. However, due to the limit of the gap size, the threshold value of the harmonic cutoff can be obtained at a given position of H2+. (ii) Due to the asymmetric enhancement of the laser intensity in space, the extended higher harmonics are respectively from E(t) > 0 a.u. or E(t) < 0 a.u. for the cases of the positive and the negative spatial position of H2+. As a result, the intensities of the extended higher harmonics are different and can be controlled by changing the carrier‐envelope phase and the pulse duration of the laser field. (iii) In the few‐cycle pulse duration, the MHHG mainly comes from the multi‐photon resonance ionization (MPRI), while as the pulse duration increases, the MPRI, the charge‐resonance enhanced ionization (CREI) and even the dissociative ionization (DI) are contributed to the MHHG. Moreover, as the spatial position of H2+ moves, the contributions of the MHHG from the MPRI, the CERI and the DI can be controlled. (iv) The contributions of the MHHG from the two‐H nuclei have been investigated and found that when E(t) > 0 a.u., the intensities of the harmonics from the negative‐H is higher than those from the positive‐H; while when E(t) < 0 a.u., the intensities of the harmonics from the positive‐H plays the main role in the MHHG. Moreover, the multi‐minima, caused by the two‐center interference can also be found. (v) Finally, by superposing a properly selected harmonics, a single isolated attosecond pulse (SIAP) with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 34 as can be obtained.
Aqueous‐Phase Synthesis of Size‐Tunable Copper Nanocubes for Efficient Aryl Alkyne Hydroboration
Authors: Thoka Subashchandrabose , Madasu Mahesh , Hsia Chi‐Fu , Liu Shu‐Ya , Huang Michael H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCopper nanocubes with average sizes of 82, 95, and 108 nm have been synthesized in an aqueous mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) surfactant, copper acetate, and sodium ascorbate reductant heated at 100 °C for 40 min. Copper nanowires with an average length of 25 μm can also be prepared this way by simply increasing the volume of sodium ascorbate introduced. Small shifts in the plasmonic absorption band positions with tunable particle sizes have been observed. The copper nanocubes were employed to catalyze hydroboration of phenylacetylene and various substituted aryl alkynes with 100 % (E)‐product selectivity and 82–95 % product yields. The copper nanocubes are cheap to make and should catalyze a broad scope of organic coupling reactions.
Tragwerksplanung des Audi T3 Design Centers Ingolstadt
Authors: Morgen Karl , Jansson Nicodemus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie Verwendung von Vorspannung mit nachträglichem Verbund im Hochbau ist in Deutschland unüblich. Diese Bauweise kann aber eine ingenieurtechnisch sehr anspruchsvolle Geometrie und hohe Flexibilität ermöglichen. Bei dem neuen Audi T3 Design Center Ingolstadt konnten die Bauherrnwünsche, wie Stützenfreiheit in Kombination mit geringen Bauhöhen, durch vorgespannte Konstruktionen erfüllt werden. In den Modellstudios wurden Spannweiten bis zu 27 m mit einer schlanken Deckenkonstruktion erreicht. Weiter hat die Vorspannung andere Vorteile gezeigt, nicht nur im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit, sondern auch beispielsweise beim Durchstanzen. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden die Planung und die Ausführung dieses hochkomplexen Bauvorhabens erläutert.
Formdynamik an Überführungsbrücken
Authors: Kleiser Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDer Ingenieur kann sich dem Gestalten nicht entziehen. Er gestaltet zwangsläufig und unausweichlich durch die Wahl von Bauformen, deren Dimensionen und Proportionen. Insbesondere im Brückenbau wird dieser Umstand durch die federführende oder gar alleinverantwortliche Rolle des Ingenieurs augenscheinlich. Über den Verantwortungsbereich einer entsprechenden Formlogik als ingenieurtechnische Disziplin hinaus wird in diesem Aufsatz das Potenzial einer erweiterten Formverfeinerung für den Ingenieur vorgestellt. Es wird auf Erkenntnisse der Gestaltpsychologie Bezug genommen, die es erlauben, Brückenformen „dynamischer” zu gestalten. Dabei handelt es sich wahrnehmungspsychologisch um eine Anschauungsdynamik, die eine enge Korrelation mit dem Tragverhalten von Konstruktionen aufweist und somit insbesondere im Brückenbau das Entwurfsspektrum des Ingenieurs betrifft. Anhand von Formstudien von Überführungsbrücken aus Beton in Fortführung vergangener Publikationen und eines Praxisbeispiels wird das Thema erläutert.
Calciphylaxis with extensive arterial calcification
Authors: Qadri Syed Irfan , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageCalciphylaxis is a clinical syndrome of arteriolar calcification with resultant tissue necrosis, most commonly seen in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. This condition carries a high mortality rate mainly due to infection. Helpful interventions include adequate dialytic therapy, medical management of hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, and intravenous sodium thiosulfate therapy.
Electrical storm in the inflamed heart: ventricular tachycardia due to myocarditis
Authors: Mattsson Gustav , Magnusson Peter 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageElectrical storm during the acute inflammatory phase caused by myocarditis may be resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy. Cardiac imaging including magnetic resonance tomography, positron emission tomography, and endomyocardial biopsy are crucial to guide potential therapeutic options. Optimal management involves a multidisciplinary approach, including expertise beyond cardiology.
The Tris(pentafluoroethyl)stannate(II) Anion, [Sn(C2F5)3]−—Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Wiesemann Markus , Klösener Johannes , Niemann Mark , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSyntheses of salts containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)stannate(II) ion, [Sn(C2F5)3]−, were achieved through deprotonation of the corresponding stannane, HSn(C2F5)3, as well as by direct pentafluoroethylation of SnCl2 with LiC2F5. The electron‐withdrawing substituents have substantial influence on the stability and reactivity of the anion as documented by its treatment with main group halides. Alkyl halides (R−X) underwent nucleophilic substitutions to afford RSn(C2F5)3, whereas Si, Ge, Sn, P halides gave rise to oxidation processes yielding hypervalent [SnX2(C2F5)3]− salts (X=Cl, Br, I). Moreover the unsymmetrical distannane, nBu3SnSn(C2F5)3, was disclosed as an alternative precursor for the Sn(C2F5)3 moiety. Although neither the solid state structure nor its spectra in alkane solution reveal unexpected peculiarities, unusual dissociation of the compound in coordinating solvents into [nBu3Sn(D)n]+ and [Sn(C2F5)3]− ions was observed.
Cultural cluster coopetition: A look at the Montreal circus world
Authors: Poisson‐de Haro Serge , Myard Alexandre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe explore the relevance of the « coopetition » concept within Montreal's circus sector and the Montréal Complètement Cirque's festival in particular. Our analysis is based on the cluster phenomena found in coopetition studies, which is a strategy used by companies in the technology sector. We formulate propositions that suggest these collaborative practices allow reduce tensions related to the innovation and creative processes' intrinsic uncertainty and also moderate the effects of a firms' limited resources. These practices are also related to public policies aimed at ensuring the sector's sustainability, the existence of interpersonal relations, and the need for more visibility on the sector and its actors. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertical bone augmentation with titanium granule blocks in rabbit calvaria
Authors: Abrahamsson Peter , Wälivaara Dan‐Åke , Anderud Jonas , Jimbo Ryo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo determine whether it is possible to vertically augment bone utilizing a block graft from compressed titanium granules mainly used previously for contained bone defects and to determine whether there exists a difference in osteoconductive properties between the white and the grey granules. In 11 rabbits, 4 titanium blocks were inserted on each rabbit's skull bone according to a randomized scheme. These blocks were made from standardized compressed titanium granules. Type A: PTG grey, small granules (Pourus Titanium Granules, Tigran, Malmö, Sweden); Type B: PTG grey, large granules; Type C: PTG white, small granules; Type D: PTG white large granules. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected for histology and μCT scanning. From both the μCT and histology, it can be said that bone formation was successfully achieved for all groups, and the granules maintained their volume. The histomorphometric BA (bone area) evaluation in the entire grafted area presented that there were no statistical differences between all groups tested. The lowest 1/4 BA in contact with the rabbit skull presented that groups A and C presented the highest mean BA, and group A presented significantly higher BA than that of group D (p = 0,049). No significant differences were noted between groups A, B and C. Within the limitation of this study, no differences were noted between small white or grey PTG blocks. The large granules presented less bone ingrowth area compared to the small granules and this trend was regardless of the different PTG types. The entire grafted area was not filled with new bone suggesting that bone migration occurred mostly from the existing cortical bone side suggesting contact osteogenesis.
Hydrogen sulfide exposure induces NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion in human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro
Authors: Basic Amina , Alizadehgharib Sara , Dahlén Gunnar , Dahlgren Ulf 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim was to investigate if hydrogen sulfide (H2S) induces the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL‐1β and IL‐18 secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the human monocyte cell line THP1. Bacterial production of H2S has been suggested to participate in the inflammatory host response in periodontitis pathogenesis. H2S is a toxic gas with pro‐inflammatory properties. It is produced by bacterial degradation of sulfur‐containing amino acids, for example, cysteine. We hypothesize that H2S affects the inflammatory host response by inducing formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and thereby causes the secretion of IL‐1ß and IL‐18. PBMCs from eight healthy blood donors, the human monocyte cell line THP1 Null, and two variants of the THP1 cell line unable to form the NLRP3 inflammasome were cultured in the presence or absence of 1 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in 24‐well plates at 37°C for 24 hr. Supernatants were collected and the IL‐1β and IL‐18 concentrations were measured with DuoSet ELISA Development kit. PBMCs exposed to NaHS produced more IL‐1ß and IL‐18 than unexposed control cells (p = .023 and p = .008, respectively). An increase of extracellular potassium ions (K+) inhibited the secretion of IL‐1ß and IL‐18 (p = .008). Further, NaHS triggered the secretion of IL‐1ß and IL‐18 in human THP1‐Null monocytes (p = .0006 and p = .002, respectively), while the NaHS‐dependent secretion was reduced in the monocyte cell lines unable to form the NLRP3 inflammasome. Hence, the results suggest that NaHS induces the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and thus the secretion of IL‐1ß and IL‐18. Enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18 in human mononuclear leukocytes exposed to NaHS in vitro is reported. This may be a mode for H2S to contribute to the inflammatory host response and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Human influence on the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of forest biomass carbon in China
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Lu Fei , Luo Yunjian , Bo Wenjing , Kong Lingqiao , Zhang Lu , Liu Bojie , Ouyang Zhiyun , Wang Xiaoke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal carbon cycles are impacted by human activity primarily via fossil fuel combustion and forest carbon budget alterations. In this study, the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of forest biomass carbon (FBC) stock and density in China were analyzed to assess the large‐scale effects of humans onFBC. The results indicated that from 1977 to 2013, theFBCstock increased by 62.9%, from 4,335 to 7,064 Tg C, owing to human‐driven forestation and ecological restoration programs. Because of intensive human impacts, 44.2%–54.6% of theFBCstock was concentrated in four provinces (Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Sichuan) and theFBCdensity increased from the densely populated southeastern provinces to the sparsely populated northeastern and western provinces. On a spatial scale, theFBCdensity was significantly negatively related to population density, and the degree of the dependence of theFBCdensity on population density has been declining since 1998. This improvement in human–forest relations is related to economic development and programs in China that have promoted forestation and reduced deforestation. These results suggest that human impacts, including forestation, deforestation, population density, and economic development, have played significant roles in determining the temporal and spatial variations ofFBCin the anthropogenic era. Moreover, our findings have implications for forest management and improvement of the forest carbon sink in China.
Modeling the impact of reproductive mode on masting
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Ying Zhixia , Wang Shichang , Liao Jinbao , Lu Hui , Ma Liang , Li Zhenqing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMasting is defined as the intermittent highly variable production of seed in a plant population. According to reproductive modes, that is, sexual and asexual reproduction, masting species can be separated into three groups, that is, (1) species, for example, bamboo, flower only once before they die; (2) species, for example, Fagus, reproduce sexually; and (3) species, for example, Stipa tenacissima, reproduce both sexually and asexually. Several theories have been proposed to explore the underlying mechanisms of masting. However, to our knowledge, no theory has been found to explain the mechanism of masting species that reproduce both sexually and asexually. Here we refine the Resource Budget Model by considering a trade‐off between sexual and asexual reproduction. Besides the depletion efficient (i.e., the ratio of the cost of seed setting and the cost of flowering), other factors, such as the annual remaining resource (i.e., the rest of the resource from the photosynthetic activity after allocating to growth and maintenance), the trade‐off between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the reproductive thresholds, also affect masting. Moreover, two potential reproductive strategies are found to explain the mechanisms: (1) When the annual remaining resource is relatively low, plants reproduce asexually and a part of the resource is accumulated as the cost of asexual reproduction is less than the annual remaining resource. Plants flower and set fruits once the accumulated resource exceeds the threshold of sexual reproduction; (2) when the annual remaining resource is relatively high, and the accumulated resource surpasses the threshold of sexual reproduction, masting occurs. Remarkably, under certain depletion efficient, more investigation in sexual reproduction will lead plants to reproduce periodically. Additionally, plants investigate less resource to reproduce periodically when depletion efficient keeps increasing as plants can reproduce efficiently. Overall, our study provides new insights into the interpretation of masting, especially for species that reproduce both sexually and asexually.