bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient gene–gene interaction test for genome-wide association studies in trio families
Authors: Sung Pei-Yuan , Wang Yi-Ting , Yu Ya-Wen , Chung Ren-Hua 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Several efficient gene–gene interaction tests have been developed for unrelated case–control samples in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), making it possible to test tens of billions of interaction pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a reasonable timeframe. However, current family-based gene–gene interaction tests are computationally expensive and are not applicable to genome-wide interaction analysis.
Results: We developed an efficient family-based gene–gene interaction test, GCORE, for trios (i.e. two parents and one affected sib). The GCORE compares interlocus correlations at two SNPs between the transmitted and non-transmitted alleles. We used simulation studies to compare the statistical properties such as type I error rates and power for the GCORE with several other family-based interaction tests under various scenarios. We applied the GCORE to a family-based GWAS for autism consisting of approximately 2000 trios. Testing a total of 22 471 383 013 interaction pairs in the GWAS can be finished in 36 h by the GCORE without large-scale computing resources, demonstrating that the test is practical for genome-wide gene–gene interaction analysis in trios.
Availability and implementation: GCORE is implemented with C ++ and is available at http://gscore.sourceforge.net.
Contact: rchung@nhri.org.tw
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Unequal egalitarianism
Authors: Chin Lynn Gencianeo 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate how organizational structure (i.e. centralized hierarchical vs decentralized egalitarian decision-making) can color leadership evaluations of equivalently positioned men and women independent of their actual leadership style. This study addresses three questions: Are men’s leadership abilities, in terms of competence, dominance and interpersonal skills, evaluated more positively than women when they lead a hierarchical company? Are men and women’s leadership abilities evaluated similarly when they lead an egalitarian company? Do organizational outcomes change these effects?Design/methodology/approach– The research performs an eight-condition online vignette experiment on American community college students.Findings– The findings suggest that organizational structure and outcomes influence how male versus female leaders are perceived. When leading a hierarchical company, male leaders not only gain more in perceived leadership ability when their company succeeds but are also less likely to lose legitimacy when their company fails. When leading successful egalitarian organizations, men and women’s leadership skills are thought to gain similar legitimacy, but when an egalitarian organization fails, perceptions of female leaders’ competence, status dominance and interpersonal skills drop more than those of men.Research limitations/implications– This study’s generalizablity is limited given the sample of participants and the context of the industry utilized in the vignette.Practical implications– This study suggests that women’s promotion into leadership can be impeded by the decision-making structure of the organizations they lead independent of their individual choice in management style. Women leaders face not only disadvantaged evaluations of their leadership abilities in hierarchical organizations but are also not unilaterally advantaged in egalitarian organizations.Originality/value– This paper highlights the need to theoretically examine how organizational structures fundamentally embed gender stereotypes.
“Selling” Europe on free enterprise
Authors: Stole Inger L. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– A number of scholars have explored the US Government’s postwar efforts, often in collaboration with the business community, to “sell America” to Americans themselves; others have documented the means through which such information was aimed at audiences behind the Iron Curtain. Few scholars have explored the use of the US “propaganda” to secure political loyalty and financial markets among Western allies, and fewer still have studied the government’s use of commercial marketing methods for this purpose. Attempting to fill a void, this paper aims to explore the US State Department’s postwar collaboration with the Advertising Council, a non-profit organization funded and organized by American business, to “sell” the 16 countries that were receiving aid under the Marshall Plan on “the American way of life”.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing primarily from archival sources, the underlying research here is heavily based on various State Department collections housed at the National Archives in Washington, DC, and College Park, Maryland, as well as documents from the Harry S. Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, and the Advertising Council Archives at the University of Illinois.Findings– In contrast to its many successes during the Second World War, the Advertising Council’s first international project was plagued by erroneous assumptions and unforeseen problems, making the “Overseas Information” campaign far less successful than its previous projects. Thus, the case study holds lessons for the US Government in any future attempts to use the assistance of commercial advertisers in attaining its “soft power” objectives.Research limitations/implications– The study explores the “Overseas Information” campaign from an institutional perspective only. Future research should focus on public perceptions of the campaign and possibly a rhetorical analysis of the actual advertisements.Practical implications– The case study holds lessons for the US Government in any future attempts to use the assistance of commercial advertisers in attaining its “soft power” objectives.Social implications– The study reveals interesting, and heretofore, unrevealed information about collaborations between the government and US business in the postwar era.Originality/value– Up till this point, the Advertising Council’s “Overseas Information” has received very scant scholarly attention and few, if any, have recognized its importance in the ongoing quest for government “soft power” in the postwar era.
The Prague Spring and the Big Chill: the marketing moment in communist Czechoslovakia
Authors: Patterson Patrick Hyder 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyze an important series of events in the history of marketing in socialist Europe and the internationalization of marketing thought and practice. Examining the reception of the marketing concept in communist Czechoslovakia, the study shows the effective blockage of the implementation of marketing approaches by orthodox communist authorities. The paper demonstrates the distinctiveness and importance of the Czechoslovak case and provides a basis for integrating that experience into the larger history of marketing under socialism.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on an extensive review of the most relevant Czech and Slovak primary sources including trade journals, manuals and textbooks in marketing and related fields, party and government documents and statements on commercial issues, and other important professional literature on domestic commerce.

Findings
– The paper provides insights into the use of communist political power to suppress the use of marketing as contrary to the social and ideological goals of socialism. It identifies the rise of marketing approaches during a brief “marketing moment” following market-oriented economic reforms in 1965 and lasting through the “Prague Spring” of 1968. Following the restoration of orthodox communist control, new policies of “normalization” dictated the decline of marketing, which returned to its earlier status of near-invisibility. The suppression of marketing thought and practice lasted until the end of communist rule in 1989.

Originality/value
– This paper analyzes an unexamined case of marketing in a socialist society and places the case in broader comparative context.
Causal Inference in Accounting Research
Authors: GOW IAN D. , LARCKER DAVID F. , REISS PETER C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the approaches accounting researchers adopt to draw causal inferences using observational (or nonexperimental) data. The vast majority of accounting research papers draw causal inferences notwithstanding the well‐known difficulties in doing so. While some recent papers seek to use quasi‐experimental methods to improve causal inferences, these methods also make strong assumptions that are not always fully appreciated. We believe that accounting research would benefit from more in‐depth descriptive research, including a greater focus on the study of causal mechanisms (or causal pathways) and increased emphasis on the structural modeling of the phenomena of interest. We argue these changes offer a practical path forward for rigorous accounting research.
Histological Changes in the Thyroid Gland in Cases of Infant and Early Childhood Asphyxia—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Bellis Maria 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA retrospective blinded study of thyroid gland histology was undertaken in 50 infants and young children aged from 1 to 24 months. Deaths were due to (i) suffocation (N = 7), hanging (4), wedging (3), and chest and/or neck compression (4), and (ii) SIDS (20), noncervical trauma (7), organic disease, (4) and drug toxicity (1). In the asphyxia group (N = 18), thyroid gland congestion ranged from 0 to 3+ with 39% of cases (7/18) having moderate/marked congestion. In three cases, focal aggregates of red blood cells (blood islands) were observed within the intrafollicular colloid. These deaths involved chest compression, chest and/or neck compression, and crush asphyxia in a vehicle accident, and all had facial petechiae. Only 22% of the 32 control cases (7/32) had moderate/marked congestion with no blood islands being identified (p < 0.05). Blood islands within the thyroid gland may be caused by congestion associated with crushing or compression and may provide supportive evidence for this diagnosis.
Skill and masculinity in Olympic weightlifting: Training cues and cultivated craziness in Georgia
Authors: SHEROUSE PERRY 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAt the Georgian Weightlifting Federation in Tbilisi, Georgia, a mainstay of coaching is the training cue, a shouted word or phrase that coaches use to prompt weightlifters to perform in a certain psychological, physical, or technical way. In this practice, coaches cultivate and naturalize dimensions of physiology and psychology, aligning masculinity with animality, lack of restraint, and emotional surfeit, and femininity with gracefulness, control, and good technique. Although Olympic weightlifting remains stereotypically hypermasculine, coaches compliment female weightlifters’ technique as superior to men's and train their athletes to integrate masculine “nature” and feminine “culture” in the expression of physical strength. In doing so, coaches do not instill fully formed subjectivities but manage embodied forms, using exclamatory cues to disaggregate the athlete into action, affect, and anatomy. [post‐Soviet sport,masculinity,coaching,weightlifting,strength,technique,Georgia]
Detection of Vaccinia virus during an outbreak of exanthemous oral lesions in Brazilian equids
Authors: Abrahão J. S. , de Souza Trindade G. , Pereira‐Oliveira G. , de Oliveira Figueiredo P. , Costa G. , Moreira Franco‐Luiz A. P. , Lopes Assis F. , Bretas de Oliveira D. , Mattos Paim L. R. , de Araújo Oliveira C. E. , Lemos Maia Neto A. , Geessien Kroon E. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyIn August 2014, an outbreak of oral exanthematous disease in equids was reported in Brazil, affecting 11 donkeys and 3 mules.ObjectivesTo investigate if Vaccinia virus (VACV) was the aetiological agent in this outbreak.Study designInvestigation of clinical cases using serological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches.MethodsTo analyse the presence of neutralising antibodies against VACV, samples were submitted in triplicate to a plaque‐reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50%). On the basis of previous studies which detected VACV DNA in sera, we submitted extracted DNA samples to different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platforms targeting Orthopoxvirus (OPV) genes (C11R, A56R and A26L). The PCR products were directly sequenced in both orientations using specific primers and capillary electrophoresis. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the A26L and A56R nucleotide sequences (maximum likelihood) were prepared with the obtained nucleotide fragments.ResultsSerological and molecular data suggested VACV as the aetiological agent. The neutralising antibodies against OPV were detected in 5 (55.5%) of the equids, with titres ≥40 neutralising u/ml. Based on the results obtained from all PCR platforms, all samples were positive for OPV: 9 (100%) for A56R, 4 (44.4%) for C11R and 3 (33.3%) for A26L. The alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the A26L and A56R fragments revealed that the samples were highly similar to the homologous genes from other Brazilian VACV Group 1 isolates (98.8% identity on average). Furthermore, both the A26L and A56R sequences showed signature deletions also present in the sequences of Group 1 VACV isolates from Brazil.ConclusionsOur data raises questions about the role of equids in the chain of VACV epidemiology. The surveillance of equids in VACV‐affected areas worldwide is relevant.
What do patients need to know? A study to assess patients' satisfaction with information about medicines
Authors: Twigg Michael J , Bhattacharya Debi , Clark Allan , Patel Rina , Rogers Hannah , Whiteside Hattie , Yaqoob Mahavish , Wright David J 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the information needs and reported adherence of patients prescribed medicines for chronic conditions in those who have received a community pharmacy advanced service and those who have not.

Methods
A questionnaire was constructed using validated tools to measure medication information satisfaction and adherence together with questions eliciting information regarding the use of pharmacy services and demographic characteristics. This questionnaire was distributed from four community pharmacies to a convenience sample of 400 patients as they collected their medicines. Patients were eligible if prescribed more than one regular medicine and attending the pharmacy for longer than 3 months. The questionnaire was returned directly to the university.

Key Findings
Two hundred and thirty-two (58%) questionnaires were returned. All respondents desired further information about their prescribed medicines, particularly about potential medication problems. Dissatisfaction centred on side effects, interactions and certain medicine characteristics such as how long it will take to act. Satisfaction with information about medicines and adherence were significantly greater in a subgroup reporting that they had received an advanced pharmacy service, e.g. medicine use review (MUR).

Conclusion
Patients who had received an advanced service reported greater adherence and satisfaction with medicine-related information. This was a small, observational study, using a convenience sample of four pharmacies; in order to draw definitive conclusions, a larger study with participants randomised to receive an advanced service is required.
Hijos y movilidad laboral en el sur de Europa
Authors: MÉNDEZ Ildefonso 
Published: February 2016

ResumenSe investiga la asociación entre la disponibilidad de servicios de guardería y la baja movilidad laboral en el sur de Europa, donde, según el autor, las parejas que tienen o piensan tener hijos permanecen cerca de sus padres para conciliar trabajo y responsabilidades familiares, aprovechando la baja tasa de actividad de sus madres. Se propone un modelo conductual para predecir las decisiones de las parejas sobre fecundidad, empleo de la mujer y movilidad, y se pone a prueba con estimaciones probit y logit de efectos fijos y datos del Panel de Hogares de la Comunidad Europea. El efecto negativo de que la mujer trabaje en la movilidad solo es significativo para las parejas con hijos que viven en el sur de Europa.
The nurse practitioner–client therapeutic encounter: an integrative review of interaction in aged and primary care settings
Authors: Bentley Michael , Stirling Christine , Robinson Andrew , Minstrell Melinda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo review the key features of the nurse practitioner–client interaction in the thera‐peutic encounter to inform the development of nurse practitioner‐led memory clinics.BackgroundNurse practitioners spend significant time interacting with clients and their families/caregivers yet there is limited research on this interaction during therapeutic encounters in aged and primary care contexts.DesignIntegrative review.Data sourcesElectronic search of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science 2004–2013; hand search of the Journal of Advanced Nursing, Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners and Journal of Clinical Nursing.Review methodsIntegrative literature review using Whittemore and Knafl's methodology.ResultsTen published studies were included, representing over 900 nurse practitioners and their clients. Three key factors of nurse practitioner–client interaction were identified: nurse practitioner expertise and the influence of the therapeutic encounter context; affirming exchange as a bedrock of communication; and high levels of client engagement. In aged and primary care settings, where the therapeutic encounter requires and allows longer consultations, such as nurse practitioner‐led memory clinics, patient‐centred approaches can engage clients in consultations using a biopsychosocial framework, resulting in improved client satisfaction and, potentially, increased adherence to treatment plans. Nurse practitioners who are open and respectful, who encourage patients to provide more information about their lives and condition and are perceived by the client to be empathetic, are providing affirmation to the client.ConclusionAffirming interactions are a key feature of successful therapeutic encounters when time and context do not allow or warrant the full repertoire of patient‐centred communication.
Shade of Resin‐Based Luting Agents and Final Color of Porcelain Veneers
Authors: Perroni Ana Paula , Amaral Camila , Kaizer Marina R. , Moraes Rafael Ratto De , Boscato Noéli 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the influence of different shades of flowable resin composite used as luting agent on the final shade of porcelain veneers of different opacities over A2 and B1 simulated dental substrate.Materials and MethodsOne millimeter monolithic (enamel E1.0 or dentin D1.0) and bilayer (E0.5D0.5) porcelain discs shade A2 were paired with flowable resin composite disks (0.1 mm thick) of different shades (A1, A2, B1, white opaque – WO or IL – translucent), as veneer + luting agent (n = 10). The CIE L*a*b* color coordinates were measured with a spectrophotometer over white and black standard background, as well as over A2 and B1 simulated dental substrates. Translucency of all specimens and the shade matching of the pairs over the A2 and B1 substrates (ΔE*00) were calculated by Translucency Parameter and CIEDE2000 methods. Data were statistically analyzed by 95% confidence interval.ResultsPorcelain veneer E1.0 groups were the most translucent, while the pairs veneer + luting agent WO showed the lowest translucency, and A1, A2, B1, and IL yielded little to no differences in translucency of the pairs. The overall best shade matching with A2 substrate was observed for D1.0 veneer + WO luting agent.ConclusionThe opacity of the porcelain veneer paired with luting agents of different shades affected the final appearance of the restorations over distinct simulated tooth substrates.Clinical SignificanceDistinct shades of flowable resin composites used as luting agent might yield clinically visible color differences on porcelain veneers facilitating an excellent shade match with adjacent teeth. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:295–303, 2016)
The overlap of upper functional gastrointestinal disorders with irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese outpatients: A multicenter study
Authors: Yao Xin , Yang Yun Sheng , Cui Li Hong , Sun Gang , Peng Li Hua , Wang Wei Feng , Hyder Qurratulain , Zhang Xiao Lin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disease, and the overlap with upper functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is popular. However, the coexistent upper GI symptom profiles, upper FGID spectra, and related risk factors among IBS subjects remain unclear in mainland of China.MethodsConsecutive patients from the outpatient gastroenterology clinics of three tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this multicenter study. All upper GI symptoms occurring at least once a week in the last 3 months were recorded. Diagnostic criteria of functional esophageal, gastroduodenal disorders and IBS were based on Rome III criteria. Risk factors were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsOf the 8906 consecutive patients, 751 patients met Rome III criteria for IBS and 735 IBS patients participated in the interview. Postprandial fullness (30.6%), belching (27.1%), and regurgitation (21.8%) were the three most prevalent upper GI symptoms in IBS. Functional dyspepsia (FD, 36.7%), belching disorders (27.1%), and functional heartburn (16.3%) were the three most frequent upper FGID in IBS patients. Female sex, divorced or widowed versus married status, defecation straining, reduced bowel movement, mixed IBS, abdominal distention, mild abdominal pain, moderate discomfort were positively associated with IBS‐FD overlap. Female sex, drinking, moderate discomfort, and mild to moderate distension were independent risk factors for IBS‐belching disorder overlap.ConclusionsThe study provides detailed overlap spectra of upper FGID with IBS. Mixed IBS is an important risk factor for IBS‐FD overlap, which deserved more concern.