bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of Araloside C against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: potential involvement of heat shock protein 90
Authors: Wang Min , Tian Yu , Du Yu‐yang , Sun Gui‐bo , Xu Xu‐dong , Jiang Hai , Xu Hui‐bo , Meng Xiang‐bao , Zhang Jing‐yi , Ding Shi‐lan , Zhang Miao‐di , Yang Ming‐hua , Sun Xiao‐bo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate whether Araloside C, one of the major triterpenoid compounds isolated from Aralia elata known to be cardioprotective, can improve heart function following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. We observed that Araloside C concentration‐dependently improved cardiac function and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Similar protection was confirmed in isolated cardiomyocytes characterized by maintaining Ca2+ transients and cell shortening against I/R. Moreover, the potential targets of Araloside C were predicted using the DDI‐CPI server and Discovery Studio software. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Araloside C could be stably docked into the ATP/ADP‐binding domain of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) protein via the formation of hydrogen bonds. The binding affinity of Hsp90 to Araloside C was detected using nanopore optical interferometry and yielded KD values of 29 μM. Araloside C also up‐regulated the expression levels of Hsp90 and improved cell viability in hypoxia/reoxygenation‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, whereas the addition of 17‐AAG, a pharmacologic inhibitor of Hsp90, attenuated Araloside C‐induced cardioprotective effect. These findings reveal that Araloside C can efficiently attenuate myocardial I/R injury by reducing I/R‐induced oxidative stress and [Ca2+]i overload, which was possibly related to its binding to the Hsp90 protein.
Rethinking Britain and the European Union: Politicians, the Media and Public Opinion Reconsidered
Authors: Copeland Paul , Copsey Nathaniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article re‐examines the role of the media in the UK debate on EU membership. It argues that the embedding of euroscepticism in the UK stems neither from a single phase in the UK–EU relationship, nor from the agency of the UK press or its proprietors. Rather, it resulted from the long‐standing absence of any pro‐European faction within the British polity was able to argue for, or defend, the European Union within the UK national debate. In explaining this, we expand on the concept of ‘issue capture’ understood as the ability of a vocal minority to dominate the UK's political debate about the EU in the absence of genuine opposition to counteract negative claims and arguments. The findings are drawn from analysis of a dataset that codes more than 16,400 UK newspaper articles published between 1974–2013.
The applicability of bright light therapy in adults with moderate, severe or profound intellectual disabilities: a brief report
Authors: Hermans H. , Soerokromo N. , Evenhuis H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundBright light therapy (BLT) is effective in the treatment of depression in the general population. It may be a good treatment option for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) too. However, its applicability and effectiveness are not studied in groups of adults with ID, yet. Our aim was to study the applicability of BLT in adults with ID.MethodsBright light therapy was offered for 2 weeks, using a 10 000 lux light box, to 14 adults with moderate, severe or profound ID. Applicability of BLT and change in depressive symptoms were studied with questionnaires.ResultsBright light therapy was successfully applied for ≥10 days in 10 participants. It was also applicable in participants with rather severe challenging behaviour. Before BLT, nine participants scored above the cut‐off score of the ADAMS' depressive mood subscale. After BLT, six of them scored below cut‐off.ConclusionsBright light therapy is applicable in adults with moderate, severe of profound ID. Its effectiveness as a treatment for depression in adults with ID should be further studied.
SM Bonds—A New Product for Managing Longevity Risk
Authors: de Jong Piet , Ferris Shauna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new type of retirement bond is proposed called an SM bond. SM bonds are long dated government bonds divisible into two parts: a survivorship (S) part and a mortality (M) part. Each SM bond is associated with a particular age. SM bonds associated with a particular age are only purchasable by (originators) of that age. The SM bond is then splittable into an S and M component. The S part must be retained by the originator, who receives the face value of the bond if he/she is alive at maturity. For originators who die prior to the maturity date, the maturity value of the SM bond is assigned to a mortality pool. The holder of the M part of the bond receives the annual bond coupon, and at maturity a pro rata share of the mortality pool. M bonds are tradable: holders can sell their M bonds to anyone, at any time. It is envisaged different age bonds are issued every year for ages say 30–64 each with say a 35‐year term. The market will be regularly informed about the mortality experience, and the market price of the M bonds will vary over time to reflect that experience.
Reactive Oxygen Species Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Fusarium Infected Bananas
Authors: Anthony Kelvin Kiran , George Dominic Soloman , Baldev Singh Hasvinder Kaur , Fung Shi Ming , Santhirasegaram Vicknesha , Razali Zuliana , Somasundram Chandran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFusarium infection of bananas is a global problem that threatens the production of bananas. This study looks at the effects of the infection upon the reactive oxygen species (ROS) system, as well as the induced antioxidant properties in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits. Results show that there is a greater amount of damage in infected tissue samples as opposed to non‐infected. The damage was observed to be higher in the root samples. ROS assays were divided into two classes: ROS assays and ROS‐scavenging assays. Of the ROS assays, lipoxygenase was observed to be higher in the infected samples, while peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were significantly higher in infected stem, leaf and fruit samples. Among root samples, there was no significant difference in POD activity and PPO was lower in infected samples. Induction of ROS is important for the hypersensitive response (HR) to function properly. The ROS‐scavenging enzymes, namely ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, exhibited higher levels in the infected tissue. This is most likely to counter the build‐up of the ROS enzymes and to prevent further cell death. The increase in ROS‐scavenging assays also correlates with higher antioxidant properties as antioxidants play a critical role in regulating the HR free radicals.
Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight in Transgenic Wheat Plants Expressing the ScNPR1 gene
Authors: Yu Guihong , Zhang Xu , Yao Jingbao , Zhou MiaoPing , Ma Hongxiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a severe global wheat disease that may cause severe yield losses, especially during epidemic years. Transforming the regulatory genes in the metabolic pathways of disease resistance into wheat via transgenic methods is one way to improve resistance to FHB. ScNPR1 (Secale cereale‐NPR1), a regulatory gene for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), was isolated from S. cereale cv Jingzhouheimai and transformed into the moderately FHB‐susceptible wheat variety Ningmai 13. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that the ScNPR1 gene was stably expressed in transgenic plants. An evaluation of the resistance to FHB revealed that six ScNPR1 transgenic lines (NP1, NP2, NP3, NP4, NP5 and NP6) exhibited significantly higher FHB resistance than the wild‐type wheat Ningmai 13 and the null‐segregated plants. The expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes after Fusarium graminearum inoculation was earlier or higher than those in the wild‐type variety Ningmai 13. The high expression in the early stages of PR genes should account for the enhanced FHB resistance in the transgenic lines. Our results suggest that overexpression of ScNPR1 could be used to improve FHB resistance in wheat.
Understanding specific reading comprehension deficit: A review
Authors: Landi Nicole , Ryherd Kayleigh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA substantial population of children and adolescents struggle with reading comprehension despite adequate phonemic decoding (word‐level reading) and intellectual ability. Individuals with this pattern of performance are considered to have specific reading comprehension deficit (S‐RCD). Despite two decades of study on the profiles of behavioral performance associated with S‐RCD, there is no current consensus on the causal mechanisms of the disorder. Recent progress in identifying such mechanisms includes studies that have utilized comprehension age match and longitudinal designs which have identified several comprehension subskills that are predictive of S‐RCD development. However, disagreement persists over which deficits are core to S‐RCD, which are comorbid and which are simply a consequence of poor comprehension. Further, almost no research on this disorder has sought to identify neurobiological endophenotypes that may enhance our understanding of causal mechanisms. Here, we offer a review of the literature on core language and higher‐level language deficits associated with S‐RCD, including studies that examine the neurobiological basis of this disorder. What emerges is a relatively consistent pattern of subclinical impairments across a range of comprehension subskills that may put pressure on the complex process of reading comprehension. These subskills include semantic and grammatical processing, inference making, and other higher‐level language skills such as comprehension monitoring. This disorder also appears to have a neurobiological basis, though further study is needed to establish the precise disruption in neurocircuitry. Suggestions for further research include the continued use of online, temporally‐sensitive measures such as eye‐tracking and event‐related potential, additional studies of the neurobiology of the disorder, as well as longitudinal tracking and identification of early behavioral and brain markers for S‐RCD prior to formal schooling.
The Contactless Vital Sensing System Precisely Reflects R‐R Interval in Electrocardiograms of Healthy Subjects
Authors: SUGA KENTARO , HORI HIKARU , KATSUKI ASUKA , OHASHI MASAHIRO , TEZUKA TADANORI , MATSUO MASATOSHI , NAKAMURA TSUYOSHI , YOSHIMURA REIJI 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of the contactless vital sensing system that we previously developed.MethodsA total of 111 healthy Japanese subjects were recruited from the University of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Panasonic Corporation AVC Networks Company. All subjects underwent an evaluation using the contactless vital sensing system and electrocardiography (ECG). We compared the R‐R interval obtained using the new contactless sensing system to that obtained using ECG.ResultsA very strong correlation was observed between the instruments.ConclusionsThis result confirms the validity of the new contactless sensing system in evaluating healthy subjects.
The Contribution of the Emergency Department To Opioid Pain Reliever Misuse And Diversion: A Critical Review
Authors: Lyapustina Tatyana , Castillo Renan , Omaki Elise , Shields Wendy , McDonald Eileen , Rothman Richard , Gielen Andrea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrescription opioid pain reliever (OPR) misuse and diversion is an important and growing public health problem in the United States that is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Emergency physicians are among the top prescribers of OPRs, yet the relative contribution of emergency department (ED) OPR prescriptions to the overall opioid abuse epidemic remains unclear. This study critically reviews seven peer‐reviewed studies that specifically identified the ED as a source of OPRs. Of the OPRs prescribed in the ED, approximately 10% are associated with indicators of inappropriate prescribing, and approximately 42% may ultimately be misused; of the OPRs that are diverted, approximately 10% originate from an ED prescription. Among patients who suffer an OPR‐related death, approximately 1.8% of the OPR pills given to the decedents will have come from the ED. In addition to the need for more research, the existing literature suggests an urgent need for interventions in the ED to reduce OPR misuse and diversion.
pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 expression enhances nitrogen uptake efficiency and grain yield in transgenic rice plants
Authors: Chen Jingguang , Fan Xiaoru , Qian Kaiyun , Zhang Yong , Song Miaoquan , Liu Yu , Xu Guohua , Fan Xiaorong 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe nitrate () transporter has been selected as an important gene maker in the process of environmental adoption in rice cultivars. In this work, we transferred another native OsNAR2.1 promoter with driving OsNAR2.1 gene into rice plants. The transgenic lines with exogenous pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 constructs showed enhanced OsNAR2.1 expression level, compared with wild type (WT), and 15N influx in roots increased 21%–32% in response to 0.2 mm and 2.5 mm and 1.25 mm 15NH415NO3. Under these three N conditions, the biomass of the pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 transgenic lines increased 143%, 129% and 51%, and total N content increased 161%, 242% and 69%, respectively, compared to WT. Furthermore in field experiments we found the grain yield, agricultural nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE), and dry matter transfer of pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 plants increased by about 21%, 22% and 21%, compared to WT. We also compared the phenotypes of pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 and pOsNAR2.1:OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines in the field, found that postanthesis N uptake differed significantly between them, and in comparison with the WT. Postanthesis N uptake (PANU) increased approximately 39% and 85%, in the pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 and pOsNAR2.1:OsNRT2.1 transgenic lines, respectively, possibly because OsNRT2.1 expression was less in the pOsNAR2.1:OsNAR2.1 lines than in the pOsNAR2.1:OsNRT2.1 lines during the late growth stage. These results show that rice NO3– uptake, yield and NUE were improved by increased OsNAR2.1 expression via its native promoter.
Greater endurance capacity and improved dyspnoea with acute oxygen supplementation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients without resting hypoxaemia
Authors: Dowman Leona M. , McDonald Christine F. , Bozinovski Steven , Vlahos Ross , Gillies Rebecca , Pouniotis Dodie , Hill Catherine J. , Goh Nicole S.L. , Holland Anne E 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveSupplemental oxygen is commonly prescribed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), although its benefits have not been proven. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of oxygen on oxidative stress, cytokine production, skeletal muscle metabolism and physiological response to exercise in IPF.MethodsEleven participants with IPF received either oxygen, at an FiO2
of 0.50, or compressed air for 1 h at rest and during a cycle endurance test at 85% of peak work rate. Blood samples collected at rest and during exercise were analysed for markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism and cytokines. The protocol was repeated a week later with the alternate intervention.ResultsCompared with air, oxygen did not adversely affect biomarker concentrations at rest and significantly improved endurance time (mean difference = 99 ± 81s, P = 0.002), dyspnoea (−1 ± 1 U, P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (BP; −11 ± 11 mm Hg, P = 0.006), nadir oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2
; 8 ± 6%, P = 0.001), SpO2
at 2‐min (7 ± 6%, P = 0.003) and 5‐min isotimes (5 ± 3, P < 0.001) and peak exercise xanthine concentrations (−42 ± 73 µmol/L, P = 0.03). Air significantly increased IL‐10 (5 ± 5 pg/mL, P = 0.04) at 2‐min isotime. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARs), IL‐6, TNF‐α, creatine kinase, lactate, heart rate and fatigue did not differ between the two interventions at any time point.ConclusionIn patients with IPF, breathing oxygen at FiO2 of 0.50 at rest seems safe. During exercise, oxygen improves exercise tolerance, alleviates exercise‐induced hypoxaemia and reduces dyspnoea. A potential relationship between oxygen administration and improved skeletal muscle metabolism should be explored in future studies.
A 7‐year follow‐up study of obstructive sleep apnoea in healthy elderly: The PROOF cohort study
Authors: Sforza Emilia , Hupin David , Pichot Vincent , Barthélémy Jean Claude , Roche Frédéric 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveClinical and epidemiological cohort studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common but largely undiagnosed disorder in senior subjects, where progressive deterioration of the pathology would be expected as a consequence of the ageing processes. Our study examines the longitudinal progression of OSA over a 7‐year period in a community‐based sample of healthy subjects.MethodsThe sample consisted of 284 volunteers, aged >65 years (52% women, 48% men) accepting clinical and instrumental follow‐up at 7 years. OSA was defined as an apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) of ≥15.ResultsBetween evaluations in the total sample, AHI slightly decreased from 17.8 ± 14 to 16.7 ± 11 with a decrease affecting more the hypopnoea index (P < 0.001) and associated with significant changes (P < 0.001) in all indices of hypoxaemia. While in the non‐OSA group there was a slight but significant increase of AHI, a significant AHI decrease was noted in mild‐moderate patients (P < 0.01) and a significant rise of nocturnal hypoxaemia in severe OSA patients (P < 0.001). The AHI decrease was not associated with clinical, weight, metabolic and blood pressure changes between the two evaluations; the baseline AHI value being the only factor correlated to the degree of AHI decline.ConclusionsIn elderlies, the severity and prevalence of OSA decrease progressively with ageing without effect of factors commonly influencing OSA severity. This trend may support the hypothesis that in healthy elderly, OSA is a phenomenon related to ageing.
Mobilization in the European Public Sphere: The Struggle Over Genetically Modified Organisms
Authors: Tosun Jale , Schaub Simon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which supporters and opponents at the European Union (EU) level strive to mobilize the public with regard the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). To this end, it addresses two research questions: First, to which concepts do GMO opponents and supporters refer when seeking to mobilize the public? Second, do GMO opponents and supporters differ in the coherence of the concepts they use to attain public mobilization? The empirical findings show that the pro‐GMO coalition is composed of biotechnology companies as well as representatives of Argentina, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the World Trade Organization. The anti‐GMO coalition consists of environmental nongovernmental organizations and representatives from most of the EU member states. Altogether, the anti‐GMO coalition has been more coherent in the concepts they invoke in the last few years.
Climate Adaptation in Canada: Governing a Complex Policy Regime
Authors: Henstra Daniel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClimate adaptation is a complex policy area, in which knowledge, authority, and resources are fragmented among numerous public agencies, multiple levels of government, and a wide range of nongovernmental actors. Mobilizing and coordinating disparate public and private efforts is a key challenge in this policy domain, and this has focused research attention on the governance of adaptation, including the dynamics of interaction among interests and the institutions that facilitate collective action. This paper contributes to the study of adaptation governance by adopting the policy regimes perspective, an analytical framework designed to make sense of the loose governing arrangements surrounding complex, fragmented problems. The perspective's constructs are applied to a longitudinal case study of adaptation governance in Canada, which identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the policy ideas, institutions, and interests that comprise Canada's adaptation policy regime.
Using Changes in U.S. Immigration Laws to Estimate the Effect of Deportations on Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Blake Garfield O. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to obtain estimates of the effect of criminal deportees from the United States on home country crime that are not affected by the presence of simultaneity. Simultaneity between criminal deportation from the United States and crime rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) makes it difficult to isolate the causal effect of changes in the number of criminal deportees from the United States on crime in LAC.MethodTo break that simultaneity, this article uses the timing of changes to U.S. immigration laws as an instrument for changes in the number of criminal deportees.ResultIncreases in criminal deportations are shown to be disproportionately concentrated in years when there are changes to U.S. immigration laws. The resulting elasticity is two times greater than the OLS estimate. One of every 14 prisoners deported as a result of changes in U.S. immigration legislation is associated with one homicide per year in the receiving country.ConclusionThe process of accomplishing deportation can be greatly improved if the United States provides the receiving countries with more information on deportees, including more detailed criminal records and increased assistance with the resettlement and reintegration process, especially if they are not allowed to be incarcerated upon returning home.