bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotating single‐shot acquisition (RoSA) with composite reconstruction for fast high‐resolution diffusion imaging
Authors: Wen Qiuting , Kodiweera Chandana , Dale Brian M. , Shivraman Giri , Wu Yu‐Chien 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo accelerate high‐resolution diffusion imaging, rotating single‐shot acquisition (RoSA) with composite reconstruction is proposed. Acceleration was achieved by acquiring only one rotating single‐shot blade per diffusion direction, and high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted (DW) images were reconstructed by using similarities of neighboring DW images. A parallel imaging technique was implemented in RoSA to further improve the image quality and acquisition speed. RoSA performance was evaluated by simulation and human experiments.MethodsA brain tensor phantom was developed to determine an optimal blade size and rotation angle by considering similarity in DW images, off‐resonance effects, and k‐space coverage. With the optimal parameters, RoSA MR pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithm were developed to acquire human brain data. For comparison, multishot echo planar imaging (EPI) and conventional single‐shot EPI sequences were performed with matched scan time, resolution, field of view, and diffusion directions.ResultsThe simulation indicated an optimal blade size of 48 × 256 and a 30 ° rotation angle. For 1 × 1 mm2 in‐plane resolution, RoSA was 12 times faster than the multishot acquisition with comparable image quality. With the same acquisition time as SS‐EPI, RoSA provided superior image quality and minimum geometric distortion.ConclusionRoSA offers fast, high‐quality, high‐resolution diffusion images. The composite image reconstruction is model‐free and compatible with various diffusion computation approaches including parametric and nonparametric analyses. Magn Reson Med 79:264–275, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Spin‐lock imaging of exogenous exchange‐based contrast agents to assess tissue pH
Authors: Zu Zhongliang , Li Hua , Jiang Xiaoyu , Gore John C. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeSome X‐ray contrast agents contain exchangeable protons that give rise to exchange‐based effects on MRI, including chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). However, CEST has poor specificity to explicit exchange parameters. Spin‐lock sequences at high field are also sensitive to chemical exchange. Here, we evaluate whether spin‐locking techniques can detect the contrast agent iohexol in vivo after intravenous administration, and their potential for measuring changes in tissue pH.MethodsTwo metrics of contrast based on R1ρ, the spin lattice relaxation rate in the rotating frame, were derived from the behavior of R1ρ at different locking fields. Solutions containing iohexol at different concentrations and pH were used to evaluate the ability of the two metrics to quantify exchange effects. Images were also acquired from rat brains bearing tumors before and after intravenous injections of iohexol to evaluate the potential of spin‐lock techniques for detecting the agent and pH variations.ResultsThe two metrics were found to depend separately on either agent concentration or pH. Spin‐lock imaging may therefore provide specific quantification of iohexol concentration and the iohexol‐water exchange rate, which reports on pH.ConclusionsSpin‐lock techniques may be used to assess the dynamics of intravenous contrast agents and detect extracellular acidification. Magn Reson Med 79:298–305, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time cones T1ρ (3D UTE‐cones‐T1ρ) imaging
Authors: Ma Ya‐Jun , Carl Michael , Shao Hongda , Tadros Anthony S. , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang 
Published: March 2017

We report a novel three‐dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence employing Cones trajectory and T1ρ preparation (UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ) for quantitative T1ρ assessment of short T2 tissues in the musculoskeletal system. A basic 3D UTE‐Cones sequence was combined with a spin‐locking preparation pulse for T1ρ contrast. A relatively short TR was used to decrease the scan time, which required T1 measurement and compensation using 3D UTE‐Cones data acquisitions with variable TRs. Another strategy to reduce the total scan time was to acquire multiple Cones spokes (Nsp) after each T1ρ preparation and fat saturation. Four spin‐locking times (TSL = 0–20 ms) were acquired over 12 min, plus another 7 min for T1 measurement. The 3D UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ sequence was compared with a two‐dimensional (2D) spiral‐T1ρ sequence for the imaging of a spherical CuSO4 phantom and ex vivo meniscus and tendon specimens, as well as the knee and ankle joints of healthy volunteers, using a clinical 3‐T scanner. The CuSO4 phantom showed a T1ρ value of 76.5 ± 1.6 ms with the 2D spiral‐T1ρ sequence, as well as 85.7 ± 3.6 and 89.2 ± 1.4 ms for the 3D UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ sequences with Nsp of 1 and 5, respectively. The 3D UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ sequence provided shorter T1ρ values for the bovine meniscus sample relative to the 2D spiral‐T1ρ sequence (10–12 ms versus 16 ms, respectively). The cadaveric human Achilles tendon sample could only be imaged with the 3D UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ sequence (T1ρ = 4.0 ± 0.9 ms), with the 2D spiral‐T1ρ sequence demonstrating near‐zero signal intensity. Human studies yielded T1ρ values of 36.1 ± 2.9, 18.3 ± 3.9 and 3.1 ± 0.4 ms for articular cartilage, meniscus and the Achilles tendon, respectively. The 3D UTE‐Cones‐T1ρ sequence allows volumetric T1ρ measurement of short T2 tissues in vivo.
Practice requirements for psychotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients in the outpatient setting—A survey among certified psychotherapists in Germany
Authors: Singer Susanne , Kojima Erika , Beckerle Jutta , Kleining Bernhard , Schneider Erhard , Reuter Katrin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to delineate the challenges that psychotherapists encounter when they treat cancer patients and how they organise their practices to be able to treat them.MethodsA random sample of certified psychotherapists, licensed by the health authorities, with training in psycho‐oncology, was asked to complete a questionnaire covering the following issues: therapists' qualifications, organisation of the practice, dealing with appointment cancellations, financing, and networking. Practices with ≥50% cancer patients in their patient load were defined as “practices specialising in cancer” (PSC) and were compared to practices with a smaller proportion of cancer patients (non‐PSC).ResultsOf 120 contacted therapists, 83 replied and 77 were eligible. The median waiting time for a first consultation was 10 days in PSC and 14 days in non‐PSC (P = .05). Seventy‐five of PSC and 56% of non‐PSC can offer psychotherapy within 4 weeks. Time spent on dealing with the social problems of the patients was higher in PSC than in non‐PSC (P = .04). They spent also more time communicating with other health care professionals such as private practice oncologists (P = .001).Cancer patients need to cancel appointments more frequently than noncancer patients (58% vs 48% cancel ≥1× per quarter). Sixty‐six percent of the psychotherapists do not ask for financial reimbursement of these sessions.ConclusionPsychotherapy for cancer patients in the outpatient setting requires different organisation of the practice. Sessions are cancelled more frequently, waiting time is considerably shorter, and psychotherapists communicate more often with other health care providers than in general psychotherapy.
A Seasonal Study Reveals the Occurrence of Exotic Rotifers, the River Antigua, Veracruz, Close to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Nandini S. , Sarma S. S. S. , Gulati R. D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractsZooplankton studies in Mexican rivers are few despite the fact that Mexico has >200 rivers. We present data on the seasonal diversity of rotifers during 2013–2014 from the river La Antigua, near Veracruz. We collected samples from 15 stations along a horizontal gradient of ~5 km, from the upper reaches to about 2 km from the sea. The physico‐chemical variables analysed were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, nitrates, phosphates, Secchi depth and salinity. From each site, 80 L of water was filtered with a 50‐μm plankton net. Rotifers were identified and quantified using a Sedgewick Rafter cell. The river is shallow (maximum depth 2.5 m during the rainy season). Our observations indicated that the phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms; the chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.55 to 26.1 μg L−1 over the study period. We found >125 rotifer species belonging to 21 families, mostly from the Lecanidae, Brachionidae, Notommatidae and Lepadellidae. The density of rotifers was low, <40 ind. L−1, but species diversity (Shannon–Wiener) ranged, except for a onetime minimum of 0.25, from 2.0 to 4.0 for most part of the year. We also encountered Notholca cf. liepetterseni, an endemic species to Europe and Lecane yatseni, endemic to Asia. Other new records included Lecane rhytida and Ptygura melicerta. The importance of long‐term studies in rivers is emphasized. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Expository Text Structure Interventions on Comprehension: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pyle Nicole , Vasquez Ariana C. , Lignugaris/Kraft Benjamin , Gillam Sandra L. , Reutzel D. Ray , Olszewski Abbie , Segura Hugo , Hartzheim Daphne , Laing Woodrow , Pyle Daniel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis meta‐analysis synthesizes results from expository text structure interventions designed to increase comprehension for students in kindergarten to grade 12 published between 1970 and 2013. Twenty‐one studies were identified, 19 of which met criteria for a meta‐analysis, including 48 studywise effect sizes that were meta‐analyzed to determine (a) how effective expository text structure interventions are in improving comprehension and (b) what features of expository text structure interventions (e.g., number of text structures taught, type of implementer) are associated with improved comprehension outcomes. A random‐effects analysis yielded a significant mean effect of .95 overall and a significant mean effect of 1 for researcher‐developed comprehension measures. Moderator analyses indicated significant differences in student comprehension outcomes, favoring researchers as implementers, 11–20 hours of interventions, one or two text structures taught, and students in the elementary grades. Instructional features of expository text structure interventions and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Service Dogs in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Levey Janet A. , Chappy Sharon L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractService dogs are critical for the independence of individuals with disabilities because they assist with daily living activities and help these individuals navigate society. Perioperative nurses need a working knowledge of disability laws pertaining to service dogs to provide patient‐centered care for individuals using service dogs. This article provides information on the Americans With Disabilities Act regulations regarding service dogs, makes recommendations for the care of patients with service dogs across the perioperative continuum, and offers policy directives to ensure that safe, high‐quality care is delivered to patients using service dogs.
Epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypes and their clinical relevance in cancer metastasis
Authors: Garg Minal 
Published: March 2017

Cancer metastasis occurs through local invasion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), intravasation, transportation to distant sites, and their extravasation followed by colonisation at secondary sites. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal developmental phenomenon, but its aberrant activation confers tumour cells with enhanced cell motility, metastatic properties, resistant to therapies and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in epithelium-derived carcinoma.Experimental studies from various research papers have been reviewed to determine the factors, which interlink cancer stemness and cellular plasticity with EMT. Although existence of CSCs has been linked with EMT, nevertheless, there are controversies with the involvement of type of tumour cells, including cells with E (epithelial) and M (mesenchymal) phenotype alone or hybrid E/M phenotype in different types of cancers. Studies on CTCs with hybrid E/M phenotypes during different stages of cancer metastasis reveal strong association with tumour -initiation potential, cellular plasticity and types of cancer cells. Cells with the hybrid E/M state are strictly controlled by phenotypic stability factors coupled to core EMT decision-making circuits, miR200/ZEB and miR-34/Snail.Understanding the regulatory functions of EMT program in cancer metastasis can help us to characterise the biomarkers of prognostic and therapeutic potential. These biomarkers when targeted may act as metastatic suppressors, inhibit cellular plasticity and stemness ability of tumour cells and can block metastatic growth.
Glacier mass variation and its effect on surface runoff in the Beida River catchment during 1957–2013
Authors: WANG SHENG , YAO TANDONG , TIAN LIDE , PU JIANCHEN 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTUsing in-situ measured data from Qiyi Glacier, in combination with meteorological and run-off data from stations, a distributed degree-day model was developed for 631 investigated glaciers in the Beida River catchment to explore glacier mass change and its effect on streamflow. The results showed that the average mass balance was −272 ± 67 mm w.e. a−1, with an ice loss of 3.99 Gt during 1957–2013. Assuming a continuous linear trend, equilibrium line altitude rose by 242 m. Compared with morpho-topographic variables, climatic control is a more important factor affecting glacier change. Mass-balance sensitivity to air temperature was −239 mm w.e.°C−1a−1, while to precipitation it was +1.1 mm w.e. mm−1a−1. That is, a 210 mm increase in precipitation would be needed to compensate for the net mass loss induced by an air temperature increase of 1°C. Average annual glacier meltwater runoff was 1.51 × 108m3from 1957 to 2013, accounting for 15.2% of surface runoff. The time series of meltwater runoff changed abruptly in 2000, and its contribution to surface runoff increased from 13.9 to 20.4%.
LEFT MAXIMAL AND STRONGLY RIGHT MAXIMAL IDEMPOTENTS IN
G*
Authors: ZELENYUK YEVHEN 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLet G be a countably infinite discrete group, let
βG be the Stone–Čech
compactification of G, and let ${G^{\rm{*}}} = \beta G \setminus G$. An idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ is left (right) maximal if for every idempotent $q \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$, pq = p
(qp = P) implies qp
= q (qp =
q). An idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ is strongly right maximal if the equation xp
= p has the unique solution x
= p in G*. We show that
there is an idempotent $p \in {G^{\rm{*}}}$ which is both left maximal and strongly right maximal.
Radiocarbon Dating the Ancient City of Loulan
Authors: Xu Bing , Gu Zhaoyan , Qin Xiaoguang , Wu Yong , Mu Guijin , Jiao Yingxin , Zhang Lei , Hao Qingzhen , Wang Luo , Wei Dong , Liu Jiaqi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe discovery of the ancient city of Loulan in Xinjiang, China, at the beginning of the 20th century was of great significance for understanding the evolution of culture and civilization in Inner Asia. However, due to the lack of systematic chronological studies, the history of this ancient city remains unclear, particularly the date of its construction and abandonment. Here, we present the results of the first systematic radiocarbon (14C) dating carried out on artifacts from ancient Loulan. Our results show that human activity began as early as 350 cal BC, flourished during the interval from the 1st to 4th centuries AD, and completely disappeared around 600 AD. Most of the buildings in the city were constructed during the Eastern Han Dynasty rather than in Wei/Jin Dynasty, as previously indicated by excavated documents and letters (Hedin 1898; Xiao 2006). The development and flourishing of Loulan coincided with the interval of high ice accumulation and meltwater supply from surrounding mountains. The city began to decline and was finally abandoned following an abrupt decrease in ice accumulation and meltwater supply (Yao et al. 1996; Lauterbach et al. 2014), suggesting that natural climate change was the major factor responsible for the abandonment of Loulan.
A NOTE ON THE CONNECTEDNESS OF THE BRANCH LOCUS OF RATIONAL MAPS
Authors: HIDALGO RUBEN A. , QUISPE SAÚL 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMilnor proved that the moduli space Md of rational maps of degree d ≥ 2 has a complex orbifold structure of dimension 2(d − 1). Let us denote by ${\mathcal S}$d the singular locus of Md and by ${\mathcal B}$d the branch locus, that is, the equivalence classes of rational maps with non-trivial holomorphic automorphisms. Milnor observed that we may identify M2 with ℂ2 and, within that identification, that ${\mathcal B}$2 is a cubic curve; so ${\mathcal B}$2 is connected and ${\mathcal S}$2 = ∅. If d ≥ 3, then it is well known that ${\mathcal S}$d = ${\mathcal B}$d. In this paper, we use simple arguments to prove the connectivity of ${\mathcal S}$d.
Bacterial lysate for the prevention of chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence in children
Authors: Chen J , Zhou Y , Nie J , Wang Y , Zhang L , Shi Q , Tan H , Kong W 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common nasal disorder in children that is prone to recurrence. This study investigated the prevention of chronic rhinosinusitis recurrence with bacteria lysate in children.Methods:Bacteria lysate was administered 10 days per month for 3 months to children with chronic rhinosinusitis, who had just entered a remission phase. Visual analogue score, nasal symptoms scores, rhinitis attack frequency and antibiotic use were assessed at three months and one year.Results:At one year of follow up, the visual analogue score, nasal discharge and obstruction scores, number of days with rhinitis attacks per month and number of days with antibiotic use per month were significantly decreased in the prevention group versus the control group (p< 0.05).Conclusion:Bacterial lysate used in the remission period of rhinosinusitis in children was shown to provide long-term prophylaxis. Bacterial lysate can effectively reduce the frequency of rhinosinusitis attacks and ameliorate attack symptoms.
Pragmatism and democracy in a global world
Authors: Frega Roberto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the advantages of a pragmatist theory of global democracy for understanding the political relevance of new phenomena such as the emergence of forms of private authority and transnational movements in tackling with global issues. The article shows in particular that the pragmatist notion of ‘publics’ offers promising insights and proves particularly promising for completing the transition from methodological nationalism to methodological cosmopolitanism that is required to understand new normative practices developing at the global level and to inquire into their conditions of validity. After having presented a basic outline of the pragmatist theory of democracy, I discuss the contribution of pragmatism to the critique of methodological nationalism and proceed then to examine and reject two alternative approaches to global politics – transnational public sphere theory and global representation theory – showing why they fail to overcome methodological nationalism. The last two sections explore private entrepreneurial authority in contexts of global governance and shows that pragmatism succeeds in explaining their political role, while the other two approaches fail.
DEBATING CHICHEN ITZA
Authors: Ringle William M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTeams from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have put forth a new chronology for Chichen Itza that challenges recent scholarly opinion favoring a date of roughlya.d.800/850–1000/1050 for the so-called “Toltec” or Modified Florescent occupation. The new chronology instead argues for the placement of this occupation betweena.d.950–1150, a span favored by scholars prior to the 1970s. This paper presents a critique of the ceramic, radiocarbon, and stratigraphic foundations of these arguments, arguing that, on present evidence, Chichen Itza experienced a tenth-century florescence. Although the site may very well have been occupied into the next century, at present we have no absolute dates aftera.d.1000 and no evidence for later monumental construction. Furthermore, arguments for a proposed hiatus or discontinuity at the onset of the Modified Florescent period are rejected in favor of a model of continued development of Toltec ideas from the late ninth century onward.
Effect of landscape variables on the long-term decline of Great Argus in the rainforest of Southern Thailand
Authors: DAWRUENG THANEE , NGOPRASERT DUSIT , GALE GEORGE A. , BROWNE STEPHEN , SAVINI TOMMASO 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn Thailand, as for most of South-East Asia, large vertebrates are declining rapidly due to habitat degradation and increasing hunting pressure. Once relatively common in the evergreen forest of Southern Thailand, the Great ArgusArgusianus argusis currently limited to a few populations, whose status is currently unknown. In this study we investigated changes in Great Argus abundance over the past 13 years in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary. Our aim was to estimate and compare the abundance and density of this species from an earlier two-year survey in 2001–2002 and ours in 2014, and to assess the effect of landscape change on its status of the species. We conducted surveys from March to August 2014 during the breeding season. We placed point counts that overlapped the line transects from the 2001–2002 survey. The results indicated a decline of > 35% in mean abundance from 2001 to 2014. In addition, male abundance has shifted and is now positively related to distance from the forest edge. High levels of human disturbance close to the forest edge may have resulted in the birds moving to the core of the forest, suggesting a need to increase protection and management of forest edge areas. In common with other studies of large vertebrates, our results confirm the importance of long-term studies to highlight the negative effects of human disturbance.