bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating of the spatial heterogeneity of soil loss tolerance and its effects on erosion risk in the carbonate areas of southern China
Authors: Li Yue , Bai Xiao Yong , Wang Shi Jie , Qin Luo Yi , Tian Yi Chao , Luo Guang Jie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Soil loss tolerance (T value) is one of the criteria in determining the necessity of erosion control measures and ecological restoration strategy. However, the validity of this criterion in subtropical karst regions is strongly disputed. In this study, T value is calculated based on soil formation rate by using a digital distribution map of carbonate rock assemblage types. Results indicated a spatial heterogeneity and diversity in soil loss tolerance. Instead of only one criterion, a minimum of three criteria should be considered when investigating the carbonate areas of southern China because the one region, one T value concept may not be applicable to this region. T value is proportionate to the amount of argillaceous material, which determines the surface soil thickness of the formations in homogenous carbonate rock areas. Homogenous carbonate rock, carbonate rock intercalated with clastic rock areas and carbonate/clastic rock alternation areas have T values of 20, 50 and 100 t/(km2 a), and they are extremely, severely and moderately sensitive to soil erosion. Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is defined as extreme soil erosion and reflects the risks of erosion. Thus, the relationship between T value and erosion risk is determined using KRD as a parameter. The existence of KRD land is unrelated to the T value, although this parameter indicates erosion sensitivity. Erosion risk is strongly dependent on the relationship between real soil loss (RL) and T value rather than on either erosion intensity or the T value itself. If RL > > T, then the erosion risk is high despite of a low RL. Conversely, if T > > RL, then the soil is safe although RL is high. Overall, these findings may clarify the heterogeneity of T value and its effect on erosion risk in a karst environment.
Metabolic regulation of macrophages during tissue repair: insights from skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Juban Gaëtan , Chazaud Bénédicte 
Published: May 2017

Macrophages are highly versatile cells that are involved both in the mounting and the resolution of inflammatory responses. Besides their properties in innate immunity to fight against pathogens, macrophages are essential for tissue repair, during which they adopt sequential inflammatory status. While the acquisition of some canonical polarized inflammatory statuses in vitro (M1/M2) is beginning to be understood at the molecular level, the regulation of macrophage skewing in vivo has been less investigated. Immunometabolism, in particular, is an emerging field, and most of the studies so far have investigated the control of macrophage polarization using in vitro set‐ups. In this context, skeletal muscle regeneration is an excellent paradigm to study tissue repair, since the sequential steps of inflammatory response and tissue repair are well characterized. In this Review, after introducing macrophage populations and functions during skeletal muscle regeneration, we present the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of macrophage inflammatory status, with particular emphasis on the comparison between in vitro and in vivo models of macrophage activation. We also discuss the metabolic regulation of macrophages in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration.
Isothermal equation of state and phase stability of Fe5Si3 up to 96 GPa and 3000 K
Authors: McGuire C. , Santamaria‐Pérez D. , Makhluf A. , Kavner A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe composition of Earth's core has first‐order implications for understanding the thermal and chemical history of the deep Earth. The present work measures the pressure‐volume equation of state of Fe5Si3 to 96 GPa in a diamond anvil cell using noble gas pressure media and demonstrates that Fe5Si3 is not stable at high temperature and pressure but reappears during thermal quench. The isothermal equation of state at ambient temperature of Fe5Si3 is given by the bulk modulus KT,0 = 167 (8) and KT,0′ = 5.1 (2), with V0 = 56.29 cm 3 mol−1. At high temperatures and pressures we observed the disappearance of hexagonal Fe5Si3 diffraction peaks and the appearance of peaks corresponding to cubic FeSi and Fe3Si structures at 18 GPa and at the lowest measurable temperature (~1300 K), indicating that Fe5Si3 is not stable at high temperature. Upon temperature quench diffraction peaks corresponding to Fe5Si3 reappear, confirming its stability at ambient temperature and high pressure.
Pharmacodynamic effects of daclizumab in the intrathecal compartment
Authors: Komori Mika , Kosa Peter , Stein Jason , Zhao Vivian , Blake Andrew , Cherup Jamie , Sheridan James , Wu Tianxia , Bielekova Bibiana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveIt was previously demonstrated that daclizumab therapy normalizes cellular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities typical of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the majority of treated patients. However, CSF cells represent only the mobile portion of intrathecal immune responses. Therefore, we asked whether daclizumab also reverses compartmentalized inflammation and if not, whether residual inflammation correlates with clinical response to the drug.MethodsForty MS patients treated with an intravenous or subcutaneous injection of daclizumab were followed for up to 16 years in two open‐label clinical trials. MRI contrast‐enhancing lesions (CELs), clinical scales, and CSF biomarkers quantified residual disease.ResultsRapid decreases in CELs, sustained throughout the observation period, were observed with daclizumab treatment. Daclizumab therapy induced modest but statistically significant (P < 0.0001) decreases in CSF levels of T‐cell activation marker CD27 and IgG index. Interleukin 2 (IL‐2) CSF levels increased from baseline levels during treatment, consistent with reduced IL‐2 consumption by T cells, as a consequence of daclizumab's saturation of high‐affinity IL‐2 receptors. CSF levels of IL‐12p40, chitinase‐3‐like protein‐1 (CHI3L1), chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 13, and neurofilament light chain (NFL) were also significantly reduced by daclizumab. Among them, inhibition of CHI3L1 correlated with inhibition of NFL and with lack of disease progression.InterpretationThese observations confirm daclizumab's direct pharmacodynamics effects on immune cells within central nervous system tissues and identify inhibition of CSF biomarkers of myeloid lineage as a stronger determinant of reduction in clinical MS activity than inhibition of biomarkers of adaptive immunity.
Wet‐AMD on a Chip: Modeling Outer Blood‐Retinal Barrier In Vitro
Authors: Chung Minhwan , Lee Somin , Lee Byung Joo , Son Kyungmin , Jeon Noo Li , Kim Jeong Hun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChoroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)–choroid complex constituting outer blood retinal barrier (oBRB) is a critical pathological step in various ophthalmic diseases, which results in blindness, such as wet type age‐related macula degeneration. Current in vitro experimental models using petri dishes or transwell are unable to study CNV morphogenesis. Here, a unique organotypic eye‐on‐a‐chip model is described that mimics the RPE–choroid complex in vitro. This model consists of an RPE monolayer and adjacent perfusable blood vessel network, which is supporting barrier function of oBRB. The intact barrier function of the RPE‐choroid complex is reconstituted while maintaining important structural features. Further, this model can successfully mimic the pathogenesis of CNV especially in terms of morphogenesis, which is penetrating angiogenic sprouts from pre‐existing choroidal vessels that result in breakdown of RPE monolayer. The alleviation of the pathological angiogenesis can be modeled with bevacizumab, a clinical drug for CNV treatment. It is believed that this model can be used to aid in the development of advanced in vitro eye drug evaluation in conjunction with animal models.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzene and Pyridine Derivatives via Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Han Jianwei , Guo Xin , Liu Yafeng , Fu Yajie , Yan Rulong , Chen Baohua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of polysubstituted pyridine has been achieved through copper‐catalyzed oxidative sp3 C−H coupling of acetophenones with toluene derivatives. Besides, the polysubstituted benzene was obtained through copper‐catalyzed coupling of acetophenones. Both of the reactions exhibited a good functional group tolerance to produce a 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridine or 1,3,5‐triarylbenzene in high yields. Compared with previous methods, these transformations allow a highly flexible and efficient preparation of substituted pyridines and benzenes.magnified image
A Sequential Suzuki Coupling Approach to Unsymmetrical Aryl s‐Triazines from Cyanuric Chloride
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Jiehui , Tang Jie , Zou Gang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA practical approach has been developed for efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl s‐triazines via highly selective sequential Suzuki coupling of cyanuric chloride (2,4,6‐trichlorotriazine) with aryl or vinyl boronic or diarylborinic acids catalysed by 0.1–0.5 mol% Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 under mild conditions. The second and third Suzuki couplings for unsymmetrically trisubstituted aryl s‐triazines could be more practically conducted in one‐pot procedure. An electron‐withdrawing conjugate group at phenyl ring of arylboronic acids was unexpectedly found to completely block the coupling while steric hindrance from an ortho electron‐donating substituent could be overcome.magnified image
Sudden cerebral depression detected by bispectral index monitoring in cryptococcal meningitis with elevated near‐fatal cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Authors: Matsumoto Hironori , Annen Suguru , Umakoshi Kensuke , Takeba Jun , Kikuchi Satoshi , Nakabayashi Yuki , Moriyama Naoki , Ohshita Muneaki , Aibiki Mayuki 
Published: May 2017

CaseAn increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) is usually prominent in cryptococcal meningitis, which has a high mortality rate, so aggressive management to control CSFP is crucial. In this case, a 40‐year‐old‐man survived cryptococcal meningitis treated with continuous spinal drainage under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. He unexpectedly showed hypertension, went into a coma, and even loss his light reflexes due to CSFP elevation. His BIS values had abruptly dropped before developing these symptoms, but dramatically recovered after lumbar puncture drainage, suggesting that BIS monitoring could reflect cerebral function changes due to CSFP alternations.OutcomeInducing continuous spinal drainage to control CSFP provided stable control of blood pressure and brain activity, which was continuously monitored by BIS, enabling us to provide prompt treatment.ConclusionCerebral depressions due to elevated CSFP may suddenly develop, so continuous spinal drainage is needed for preventing catastrophic events. Bispectral index could be useful for detecting early changes from CSFP elevation in meningitis cases with intracranial hypertension.
Ionische Flüssigkeit mit eingebautem Farbstoff zeigt große Stokes‐Verschiebung
Authors: Schmode Stella , Petrosyan Andranik , Fennel Franziska , Villinger Alexander , Lochbrunner Stefan , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEine Farbstoffsonde wurde in protonierter Form als Kation in eine ionische Flüssigkeit (IL) implementiert. Die Farbstoff‐IL N‐Methyl‐6‐hydroxychinolinium‐bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid [6MQc][NTf2] wurde mittels NMR‐, ATR‐IR‐ und Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Die Fluoreszenzbande der reinen Farbstoff‐IL zeigt eine große Stokes‐Verschiebung (Δλ=116 nm). In Acetonitril wurde eine Quantenausbeute von φF=0.56 ermittelt. In Abhängigkeit vom Lösungsmittel wird eine charakteristische Verschiebung der Emissionsbande beobachtet. Im Vergleich zur reinen Farbstoff‐IL (467 nm) wurde in Lösung mit anderen ionischen Flüssigkeiten, Acetonitril und THF eine bathochrome Verschiebung um 28 nm beobachtet. In stärker polaren Lösungsmitteln sind die Fluoreszenzsignale zu 650 nm stark rotverschoben, was auf einen Protonentransfer zum Lösungsmittel im angeregten Zustand schließen lässt. Dadurch wird ein weiterer Anwendungsbereich des 6MQc‐Bausteins als Photosäure aufgezeigt.
Coalescence and rising behavior of co‐axial and lateral bubbles in viscous fluid: a CFD study
Authors: Ganesan Poo Balan , Tariqul Islam Md. , Pokrajac Dubravka , Hamad F.A. , Sandaran Shanti Chandran 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe coalescence and rising behavior of co‐axial and lateral bubbles play a valuable role in industrial bubble column which operates at non‐ambient conditions. The volume of fluid with the continuum surface force (VOF‐CSF) model is used for the present study. Three main case studies, namely under ambient and aqueous condition, μ* = σ* = 1, under reduced viscosity, μ* = 0.1, and surface tension, σ* = 0.1, are investigated and compared using two co‐axial bubbles and three lateral bubble rise configuration models. The latter two cases represent operating conditions at above the ambient temperature or pressure. Prior to investigating the main cases, the model is validated with the experimental data from the literature for a single bubble and two lateral bubble coalescence. It is found that reducing viscosity and surface tension has a significant effect on the co‐axial bubbles (or a pair of bubbles rising in a vertical line) and three lateral bubble growth and coalescence characteristics, as compared to ambient condition. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoluminescence emission of a stable and well‐dispersed unsaturated polyester‐co‐rare‐earth complex
Authors: Xiang Hengxue , Niu Yongjie , Liao Zuogui , Chen Wei , Ji Huquan , Sun Bin , Zhu Meifang 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA series of unsaturated polyester (UPR)‐co‐rare‐earth complex (REX) photoluminescence materials with red and green luminescence were fabricated. REXs with double bonds, including complex of europium (Eu3+) (methacrylic acid)3 and 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen) [Eu(MAA)3Phen], and complex of terbium (Tb3+)(methacrylic acid)3 and Phen [Tb(MAA)3Phen], and UPR acted as functional monomers and the polymer matrix, respectively. Fourier transform infrared and UV absorption spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structure of the resulting UPR‐co‐REX according to the free‐radical polymerization mechanism. The study of fluorescence distribution by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that the REX materials were uniformly dispersed in the UPR matrix. The effects of the type and dosage of REX on the fluorescence intensity and stability were examined via fluorescence spectrometry. We found that the optical/physical properties of the REX were improved by UPR molecular skeleton structures. The fluorescence intensity increased with increasing use of the REX and reached a maximum value when the REX content was 12 wt %. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45253.
Catalyst free synthesis of poly(l‐lactic acid)–poly(propylene glycol) multiblock copolymers and their properties
Authors: Jiang Ziyan , Chang Yue , Chen Zhize 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA simple, green, and economical method for the synthesis of poly(l‐lactic acid)–poly(propylene glycol) (PLLA–PPG) copolymers is put forward and a series of multiblock PLLA–PPG are synthesized with 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate as chain extender of the melt polymerization. The effect of PPG content on the properties of PLLA–PPG copolymers is also investigated. The elongation at break of the resulting copolymer film with only 5% weight content PPG is 280%, and the tensile strength is 20 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated the existence of the shape memory effect for all the copolymers films and the shape recovery ratio of 101% is achieved for PLLA–PPG copolymer film with 5% weight PPG. The process for the synthesis of PLLA–PPG copolymers in the total absence of potentially toxic solvents and catalysts is analyzed, and the films of PLLA–PPG exhibit toughness and shape memory effect. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45299.
High‐performance antistatic ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer/high‐density polyethylene composites with graphene nanoplatelets coated by polyaniline
Authors: Wang Quan , Meng Qingguo , Wang Tinglan , Guo Weihong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTGraphene nanoplatelets coated by polyaniline (GNP@PANI) and ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer–high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were used for the first time to prepare high‐performance antistatic composites through an effective method that combined solution mixing and melt blending. GNP@PANI nanocomposites were fabricated by in situ polymerization to improve the dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the EVA–HDPE matrix and the compatibility between the GNPs and the EVA–HDPE matrix. The GNP@PANI nanocomposites and EVA were first prepared as a premix through solution mixing, and then, the premix and HDPE were prepared as highly antistatic composites through melt blending. The dispersion of the GNPs in the EVA–HDPE matrix and the compatibility between the GNPs and the EVA–HDPE matrix were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. The GNP@PANI–EVA–HDPE composites met the requirements for antistatic materials when the content of the GNP@PANI nanocomposites was 5 wt % with only about 1 wt % GNPs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45303.
Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes with Bone‐Targeting Groups as Potential Anti‐Osteosarcoma Agents
Authors: Zhang Zhenqin , Wang Xiaoyong , Luo Cheng , Zhu Chengcheng , Wang Kun , Zhang Changli , Guo Zijian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents. Targeted platinum(II) complexes are promising candidates for overcoming the general toxicity of conventional platinum anticancer drugs. In this study four dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, {[cis‐Pt(NH3)2Cl]2(PD)} (NO3)2 (1), {[cis‐Pt(NH3)2Cl]2(PDBP)} (NO3)2 (2), {[cis‐Pt(DACH)Cl]2(PD)} (NO3)2 (3), and {[cis‐Pt(DACH)Cl]2(PDBP)} (NO3)2 (4) [PD=5,5′‐carbonylbis(2‐(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione), PDBP=tetraethyl (((bis(1,3‐dioxo‐2‐(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl)isoindolin‐5‐yl)methylene)amino) methylene)bis(phosphonate), DACH=1,2‐diaminocyclohexane)], were designed and synthesized. The complexes were fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 195Pt or 31P NMR spectroscopy and HR‐MS. ICP‐MS studies showed that considerable amounts of Pt accumulate in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. The interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA and plasmid pUC19 DNA were investigated using CD and gel electrophoresis, which indicated that the complexes can react with DNA. The in vitro cytotoxicity showed that 2 is the most potent complex towards U2OS cells. The cellular inhibition mode was examined by flow cytometry. Complex 2 kills U2OS cells predominately through an apoptotic pathway and arrests the cell cycle mainly in the G2 or M phase. The results demonstrate that dinuclear platinum(II) complexes with bone‐targeting groups could be anticancer agents for osteosarcoma.
Dual‐Emission Channels for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine and Homocysteine in Living Cells
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Weimin , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Mengqi , Wu Jiasheng , Ge Jiechao , Wang Pengfei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of a fluorescent probe to distinguish between cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) is always a challenge owing to their structural similarity, and the simultaneous detection of Cys and Hcy by utilizing different emission channels is especially difficult. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new fluorescent probe to differentiate between Cys and Hcy on the basis of a coumarin derivative with a chlorine atom and an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde. Cys and Hcy induced different cascade reactions with the probe, which led to different products with distinct photophysical properties. The nonfluorescent probe responded to Cys and emitted strong blue fluorescence, whereas it reacted with Hcy and generated yellow fluorescence without interference from glutathione. In addition, the probe was successfully applied to distinguish between Cys and Hcy in living cells.
The human mast cell line‐1 cell membrane chromatography coupled with HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for screening potentical anaphylactic components from chuanxinlian injection
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Wang Cheng , Hou Yajing , He Huaizhen , Huang Limin , Yang Liu , Sun Meng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChuanxinlian injection is a traditional Chinese medicine injection widely used in China to treat sore throat, cough and dysentery, although a high occurrence of severe adverse reactions has been reported in clinical practice in recent years. In the present study, a human mast cell line‐1 cell membrane chromatography coupled with HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was established to screen and identify potentical anaphylactic components in chuanxinlian injection, and the dehydroandrographolide was identified as a potential anaphylactic component. In vitro anaphylactic assay showed that intracellular Ca2+ concentration clearly increased under dehydroandrographolide (100 μm) treatment. β‐Hexosaminidase and histamine release in human mast cell line‐1 cells were both markedly enhanced with increased concentrations of dehydroandrographolide, confirming the anaphylactic activity of dehydroandrographolide. The application for chuanxinlian injection in this study suggested that the developed human mast cell line‐1 cell membrane chromatography coupled with HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS system may be effective and rapid for screening the potentical anaphylactic components from complex samples.
Single‐trial EEG‐informed fMRI analysis of emotional decision problems in hot executive function
Authors: Guo Qian , Zhou Tiantong , Li Wenjie , Dong Li , Wang Suhong , Zou Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundExecutive function refers to conscious control in psychological process which relates to thinking and action. Emotional decision is a part of hot executive function and contains emotion and logic elements. As a kind of important social adaptation ability, more and more attention has been paid in recent years.ObjectiveGambling task can be well performed in the study of emotional decision. As fMRI researches focused on gambling task show not completely consistent brain activation regions, this study adopted EEG‐fMRI fusion technology to reveal brain neural activity related with feedback stimuli.MethodsIn this study, an EEG‐informed fMRI analysis was applied to process simultaneous EEG‐fMRI data. First, relative power‐spectrum analysis and K‐means clustering method were performed separately to extract EEG‐fMRI features. Then, Generalized linear models were structured using fMRI data and using different EEG features as regressors.ResultsThe results showed that in the win versus loss stimuli, the activated regions almost covered the caudate, the ventral striatum (VS), the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), and the cingulate. Wide activation areas associated with reward and punishment were revealed by the EEG‐fMRI integration analysis than the conventional fMRI results, such as the posterior cingulate and the OFC. The VS and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were found when EEG power features were performed as regressors of GLM compared with results entering the amplitudes of feedback‐related negativity (FRN) as regressors. Furthermore, the brain region activation intensity was the strongest when theta‐band power was used as a regressor compared with the other two fusion results.ConclusionsThe EEG‐based fMRI analysis can more accurately depict the whole‐brain activation map and analyze emotional decision problems.