bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro method for determining the bioaccessibility of pharmaceuticals in wildlife
Authors: Bean Thomas G. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Lane Julie , Pietravalle Stéphane , Boxall Alistair B.A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Wildlife can be exposed to human pharmaceuticals via prey that have accumulated the compounds from wastewater, surface water, sediment, and soil. One factor affecting internal absorption of pharmaceuticals is bioaccessibility, the proportion of the compound that enters solution in the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, the bioaccessibility of most pharmaceuticals in prey remains unknown for most wildlife species. The authors evaluated the potential of a 2-compartment in vitro gastrointestinal tract model to compare the bioaccessibility of the antidepressant fluoxetine from invertebrate prey for birds and mammals. Samples of gizzard (or stomach) and intestinal-phase digestive juices were obtained from the in vitro models along with the residual solid material. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the bioaccessibility of fluoxetine in the avian in vitro models was statistically significantly lower than that in the mammalian models as a percentage of what was recovered; however, there were no statistically or biologically significant interspecies difference in terms of the amount recovered per gram of “food” inserted at the start of the simulation. This in vitro model provides a useful method of comparing the bioaccessibility of pharmaceuticals in different prey for species with different gastrointestinal conditions. There is merit for ecological risk assessments in further developing this in vitro approach to improve estimates of internal exposure for organics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2349–2357. © 2016 SETAC
Determination of biodegradation rates for surfactants and a fatty alcohol in aerobic sediment using a simplified test system
Authors: McDonough Kathleen , Itrich Nina , Schwab Erin , Federle Thomas 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The development of specific regulatory persistence criteria and a growing need to conduct risk assessments in sediment have increased the need to better understand fate in this compartment. A simplified test approach was developed to assess the fate of chemicals in aerobic sediments and used to evaluate the biodegradation of 14C-labeled representative analogs of alcohol sulfate, alcohol ethoxylate, alcohol ethoxy sulfate, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, and tetradecanol in 2 different sediments. The method provides kinetic data on primary and ultimate biodegradation in sediments as well as information on biodegradation pathways and metabolites. All test materials exhibited extensive biodegradation in both sediments; disappearance of parent exhibited biphasic kinetics, described by a 2-compartment model, and mineralization was coupled to parent disappearance with little accumulation of metabolites. The first-compartment decay rates ranged from 10.8 d−1 to 17.1 d−1 for tetradecanol, 2.54 d−1 to 24.8 d−1 for alcohol sulfate, 0.17 d−1 to 0.75 d−1 for alcohol ethoxylate, 0.41 d−1 to 0.71 d−1 for alcohol ethoxy sulfate, and 0.26 d−1 to 1.25 d−1 for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. These rates corresponded to half-lives ranging from 0.041 d to 4.08 d. This method's simplicity and focus on only sediment-associated processes offer potential benefits over the current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 308 aerobic sediment–water test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2199–2208. © 2016 SETAC
Geochronology of the Laoshan granitic complex in eastern China and its tectonic implications
Authors: Yan Quanshu , Shi Xuefa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDuring one orogenic cycle, orogenic belts around the world usually experience a transition from compression to extension, with the initiation of extension signalling the end of the compressional process or the beginning of the post‐collisional setting. Igneous rocks in many orogenic belts preserve the record of the transition. For example, igneous (I)‐type and sedimentary (S)‐type granites are closely related to an overall compressional setting, and A‐type granites mainly occur in a post‐collisional extensional setting. Fortunately, I‐type and S‐type granites often juxtapose tectonically with A‐type granites in many orogenic belts in the world, for example, eastern China. High‐precision dating works on these rocks will be helpful to constrain the duration of transition from compression to extension. This study presents zircon U–Pb ages of I‐type and A‐type granites from the Laoshan granitic complex in eastern China, determined through the laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry dating method. The new ages for the I‐type and A‐types granites are 123.4 and 116 Ma, respectively, and these are interpreted to represent the respective emplacement ages for these two types of granites. Our new results, combined with the previously reported 145 Ma for the I‐type granites (determined by the Rb–Sr isotopic dating method) and 113–110.8 Ma for A‐type alkali granites (determined by isotope dilution dating method), indicate that the ages for I‐type granites in the Laoshan granitic complex range from 145 to 123.4 Ma, and those for A‐type in the complex range from 116 to 110.8 Ma. In general, granites in the Laoshan granitic complex record the relatively short‐period tectonic transition process from compression to extension in this region, and the tectonic transition occurred in the whole eastern China margin during the Mesozoic era. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric properties and feasibility of instruments for the detection of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a systematic review
Authors: van Velthuijsen Eveline L. , Zwakhalen Sandra M.G. , Warnier Ron M.J. , Mulder Wubbo J. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Kempen Gertrudis I.J.M. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveDelirium is a serious and common complication among older hospitalized patients and is a predictor of many adverse outcomes. However, up to 72% of delirium incidents are unrecognized or misdiagnosed. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of instruments for the detection of delirium in older hospitalized patients.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted. The inclusion criteria were a mean or median age of 65+ years, the use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases‐10 as a reference standard, and publication in English. All included studies underwent a quality assessment (QUADAS‐2).ResultsForty‐three of the 3.790 identified studies were relevant to the review, describing 28 instruments. Quality assessment resulted in 37 studies with a positive quality assessment, describing 23 instruments. Five instruments (Delirium Observation Scale (DOS), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu‐DESC), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), CAM‐Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98) were described in three or more methodologically sound studies. The Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS) and Nu‐DESC are observational instruments with good psychometric properties, but the Nu‐DESC is shorter and has been validated in more languages. The CAM, CAM‐ICU, and Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 (DRS‐R‐98) are instruments with both observational and interactive components. The CAM is the most widely studied and demonstrates the best psychometric properties.ConclusionTimely detection of delirium might reduce the negative outcomes of delirium in the long term. The Nu‐DESC and CAM appear to be the most adequate instruments for detecting delirium. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An association between belief in life after death and serum oxytocin in older people in rural Japan
Authors: Imamura Yoshiomi , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Nabeta Hiromi , Haraguchi Yoshinori , Matsushima Jun , Kojima Naoki , Kawashima Toshiro , Yamada Shigeto , Monji Akira 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivePrevious research suggests that spirituality/religiosity has benefits for both mental and physical health, measured using biological indices such as cortisol and IL‐6. However, there have been few studies concerning the association of religious beliefs with oxytocin, a neuropeptide hormone secreted by the pituitary. Levels of peripheral oxytocin are thought to reflect the strength of bonding and stress regulation in social relationships. As such, the oxytocin system may underpin the biological mechanisms by which belief in life after death is associated with good mental and physical health. Here, we examine associations between oxytocin and belief in life after death.MethodsWe recruited 317 community‐dwelling people, aged 65 or older, without cognitive or mental deficits, and living in rural Japan. We recorded demographics, belief in life after death, and logical memory using the Wechsler Memory Scale. Levels of serum oxytocin were obtained using an enzyme immunoassay method.ResultsSerum oxytocin levels were higher among women than men and were negatively associated with strength of belief in life after death.ConclusionsOur findings could be interpreted differently depending on whether the anxiogenic or anxiolytic function of the oxytocin system is considered. Greater endorsement of afterlife beliefs may reduce secure attachment. Alternatively, based on the literature suggesting that basal levels of oxytocin are lower in those with reduced relational distress or anxiety, afterlife beliefs may play a role in these reductions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Prognostic factors, patterns of care, and overall survival
Authors: Glaser Scott M. , Mandish Steven F. , Gill Beant S. , Balasubramani Goundappa K. , Clump David A. , Beriwal Sushil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) represents a rare, aggressive malignancy. We analyzed factors predictive for overall survival (OS) and treatment modality utilization.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Data Base, we identified 3552 patients with ATC. Factors associated with surgery, high‐dose radiotherapy (RT; ≥59.4 Gy), and chemotherapy utilization were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. From this, an inverse probability‐weighted propensity score was incorporated into multivariable Cox regression analyses for OS.ResultsNumerous factors predictive for high‐dose RT, total thyroidectomy, and chemotherapy utilization are described. Factors associated with improved survival were absence of clinical or pathologic lymph node involvement, absence of metastasis, tumor size ≤6 cm, negative surgical margins, surgery, RT, and chemotherapy. On conditional landmark analysis, improved survival seen with chemotherapy and surgery other than total thyroidectomy was lost, but persisted for total thyroidectomy and high‐dose RT.ConclusionEven after correction for selection and immortal time bias, high‐dose RT resulted in improved survival. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2083–E2090, 2016
Bubbles and Crises: The Role of House Prices and Credit
Authors: Anundsen André K. , Gerdrup Karsten , Hansen Frank , Kragh‐Sørensen Kasper 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper utilizes quarterly panel data for 20 OECD countries over the period 1975:Q1–2014:Q2 to explore the importance of house prices and credit in affecting the likelihood of a financial crisis. Estimating a set of multivariate logit models, we find that booms in credit to both households and non‐financial enterprises are important to account for when evaluating the stability of the financial system. In addition, we find that global housing market developments have predictive power for domestic financial stability. Finally, econometric measures of bubble‐like behavior in housing and credit markets enter with positive and highly significant coefficients. Specifically, we find that the probability of a crisis increases markedly when bubble‐like behavior in house prices coincides with high household leverage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of Atypical Femur Fractures in Cancer Patients: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Edwards Beatrice J , Sun Ming , West Dennis P , Guindani Michele , Lin Yan Heather , Lu Huifang , Hu Mimi , Barcenas Carlos , Bird Justin , Feng Chun , Saraykar Smita , Tripathy Debasish , Hortobagyi Gabriel N , Gagel Robert , Murphy William A 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are rare adverse events attributed to bisphosphonate (BP) use. Few cases of AFF in cancer have been described; the aim of this study is to identify the incidence and risk factors for AFF in a large cancer center. This retrospective study was conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The incidence rate of AFF among BP users was calculated from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2013. The control group (n = 51) included 2 or 3 patients on BPs matched for age (≤1 year) and gender. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between clinical characteristics and AFF. Twenty-three AFF cases were identified radiographically among 10,587 BP users, the total BP exposure was 53,789 months (4482 years), and the incidence of AFF in BP users was 0.05 cases per 100,000 person-years. Meanwhile, among 300,553 patients who did not receive BPs there were 2 cases of AFF as compared with the 23 cases noted above. The odds ratio (OR) of having AFF in BP users was 355.58 times higher (95% CI, 84.1 to 1501.4, p &lt; 0.0001) than the risk in non-BP users. The OR of having AFF in alendronate users was 5.54 times greater (OR 5.54 [95% CI, 1.60 to 19.112, p = 0.007]) than the odds of having AFF among other BP users. Patients who were on zoledronic acid (ZOL) had smaller odds of developing AFF compared with other BP users in this matched case control sample. AFFs are rare, serious adverse events that occur in patients with cancer who receive BP therapy. Patients with cancer who receive BPs for prior osteoporosis therapy or for metastatic cancer are at higher risk of AFF. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Palovarotene Inhibits Heterotopic Ossification and Maintains Limb Mobility and Growth in Mice With the Human ACVR1R206H Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Mutation
Authors: Chakkalakal Salin A , Uchibe Kenta , Convente Michael R , Zhang Deyu , Economides Aris N , Kaplan Frederick S , Pacifici Maurizio , Iwamoto Masahiro , Shore Eileen M 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare and as yet untreatable genetic disorder of progressive extraskeletal ossification, is the most disabling form of heterotopic ossification (HO) in humans and causes skeletal deformities, movement impairment, and premature death. Most FOP patients carry an activating mutation in a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor gene, ACVR1R206H, that promotes ectopic chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and, in turn, HO. We showed previously that the retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) agonist palovarotene effectively inhibited HO in injury-induced and genetic mouse models of the disease. Here we report that the drug additionally prevents spontaneous HO, using a novel conditional-on knock-in mouse line carrying the human ACVR1R206H mutation for classic FOP. In addition, palovarotene restored long bone growth, maintained growth plate function, and protected growing mutant neonates when given to lactating mothers. Importantly, palovarotene maintained joint, limb, and body motion, providing clear evidence for its encompassing therapeutic potential as a treatment for FOP. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A case of recurrent hyperreactio luteinalis in three spontaneous pregnancies
Authors: Bishop Lauren A. , Patel Shaila , Fries Melissa H. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHyperreactio luteinalis is a rare condition in pregnancy characterized by enlarged ovaries with multiple theca luteal cysts, and recurrence of disease has seldom been documented in the literature. This is a case report of a woman who developed recurrent hyperreactio luteinalis with three spontaneous pregnancies. Endocrine evaluation was performed and revealed hyperandrogenism. Ultrasonography was used to assess the ovaries throughout each pregnancy. The ovarian cysts required drainage in the first pregnancy due to severe distention and shortness of breath. Cyst resolution occurred in the post‐partum period following each pregnancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:502–505, 2016
Biomimetic phantom for cardiac diffusion MRI
Authors: Teh Irvin , Zhou Feng‐Lei , Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Parker Geoffrey J.M. , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to characterize cardiac tissue microstructure, necessitating the use of physiologically relevant phantoms for methods development. Existing phantoms are generally simplistic and mostly simulate diffusion in the brain. Thus, there is a need for phantoms mimicking diffusion in cardiac tissue.Materials and MethodsA biomimetic phantom composed of hollow microfibers generated using co‐electrospinning was developed to mimic myocardial diffusion properties and fiber and sheet orientations. Diffusion tensor imaging was carried out at monthly intervals over 4 months at 9.4T. 3D fiber tracking was performed using the phantom and compared with fiber tracking in an ex vivo rat heart.ResultsThe mean apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy of the phantom remained stable over the 4‐month period, with mean values of 7.53 ± 0.16 × 10‐4 mm2/s and 0.388 ± 0.007, respectively. Fiber tracking of the 1st and 3rd eigenvectors generated analogous results to the fiber and sheet‐normal direction respectively, found in the left ventricular myocardium.ConclusionA biomimetic phantom simulating diffusion in the heart was designed and built. This could aid development and validation of novel diffusion MRI methods for investigating cardiac microstructure, decrease the number of animals and patients needed for methods development, and improve quality control in longitudinal and multicenter cardiac diffusion MRI studies. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:594–600.
International collaboration in medical radiation science
Authors: Denham Gary , Allen Carla , Platt Jane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionInternational collaboration is recognised for enhancing the ability to approach complex problems from a variety of perspectives, increasing development of a wider range of research skills and techniques and improving publication and acceptance rates. The aim of this paper is to describe the current status of international collaboration in medical radiation science and compare this to other allied health occupations.MethodsThis study utilised a content analysis approach where co‐authorship of a journal article was used as a proxy for research collaboration and the papers were assigned to countries based on the corporate address given in the by‐line of the publication. A convenience sample method was employed and articles published in the professional medical radiation science journals in the countries represented within our research team – Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) were sampled. Physiotherapy, speech pathology, occupational therapy and nursing were chosen for comparison.ResultsRates of international collaboration in medical radiation science journals from Australia, the UK and the USA have steadily increased over the 3‐year period sampled. Medical radiation science demonstrated lower average rates of international collaboration than the other allied health occupations sampled. The average rate of international collaboration in nursing was far below that of the allied health occupations sampled. Overall, the UK had the highest average rate of international collaboration, followed by Australia and the USA, the lowest.ConclusionOverall, medical radiation science is lagging in international collaboration in comparison to other allied health fields.
Spatio‐temporal variation of wet and dry spell characteristics of tropical precipitation in Singapore and its association with ENSO
Authors: Li Xin , Meshgi Ali , Babovic Vladan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTClimatology and statistical variability of wet and dry spell characteristics of precipitation provide an effective tool to understand the impacts of natural climate variability such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change on the water availability over a region. However, to date, detailed studies about precipitation spell characteristics in the tropical urban context are still limited. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive framework to characterize the wet and dry spells of precipitation in a tropical urban city‐state (i.e. Singapore), based on daily data from 26 precipitation stations. In addition, 14 wet and dry spell indices are defined, and spatial and temporal variations of the indices are analysed based on ordinary kriging method and an improved Mann‐Kendall (MK) test method, respectively. Lastly, the influence of ENSO condition on the wet and dry spell indices is investigated utilizing a regional regression method. Results indicate that: (1) the region over Singapore is predominantly characterized by 1‐day wet and dry spells, while the main contributions to total duration of wet and dry spells come from 3‐4‐day wet spells and 3–6‐day dry spells, respectively. The major contribution to total accumulated depth of wet spells comes from 3‐4‐day and 20–80 mm wet spells; (2) significant increasing trends are detected in general and extreme characteristics of wet spells at annual time scale, however, these trends are not significant during the two monsoon seasons. Spatial variation of wet and dry spell indices is also evident; (3) Singapore's precipitation spells are influenced by ENSO, but mainly during the southwest monsoon season. During the El Niño phase, precipitation spells generally become drier. The predicted changes of wet and dry spell characteristics in the contexts of ENSO and climate change have implications for water resources management in tropical urban cities.
The surface climatology of the Ross Ice Shelf Antarctica
Authors: Costanza Carol A. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Keller Linda M. , Cassano John J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe University of Wisconsin‐Madison Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) project has been making meteorological surface observations on the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) for approximately 30 years. This network offers the most continuous set of routine measurements of surface meteorological variables in this region. The Ross Island area is excluded from this study. The surface climate of the RIS is described using the AWS measurements. Temperature, pressure, and wind data are analysed on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual time periods for 13 AWS across the RIS. The AWS are separated into three representative regions – central, coastal, and the area along the Transantarctic Mountains – in order to describe specific characteristics of sections of the RIS. The climatology describes general characteristics of the region and significant changes over time. The central AWS experiences the coldest mean temperature, and the lowest resultant wind speed. These AWSs also experience the coldest potential temperatures with a minimum of 209.3 K at Gill AWS. The AWS along the Transantarctic Mountains experiences the warmest mean temperature, the highest mean sea‐level pressure, and the highest mean resultant wind speed. Finally, the coastal AWS experiences the lowest mean pressure. Climate indices (MEI, SAM, and SAO) are compared to temperature and pressure data of four of the AWS with the longest observation periods, and significant correlation is found for most AWS in sea‐level pressure and temperature. This climatology study highlights characteristics that influence the climate of the RIS, and the challenges of maintaining a long‐term Antarctic AWS network. Results from this effort are essential for the broader Antarctic meteorology community for future research.