bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of starter cultures in the production of Enturire – a traditional sorghum‐based alcoholic beverage
Authors: Mukisa Ivan M. , Ntaate Denis , Byakika Stellah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEnturire is an alcoholic sorghum‐ and honey‐based beverage traditionally produced by spontaneous fermentation. Its fermentation process is lengthy (5–7 days), does not guarantee product quality and safety and thus necessitates use of pure starter cultures. This study compared a modified production process of Enturire, with honey added at the start to the traditional one (honey added 3 days into the fermentation). The study also evaluated two starter culture combinations (L. plantarum MNC 21 + S. cerevisiae MNC 21 Y) and (L. plantarum MNC 21 + W. confusa MNC 20 + S. cerevisiae MNC 21Y). Microbial counts, pH, alcohol content, titratable acidity, (TA) and consumer acceptability of the Enturire were determined. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast counts increased from 4–6 log cfu/ml to 8–9 log cfu/ml and 3–4 log cfu/ml to 5–8 log cfu/ml, respectively. Acidification of Enturire to pH <4.5 was significantly (p < .05) faster (12 hr) with starter fermentations than in the modified (18 hr) and the traditional processes (31 hr). More alcohol (9.2%–9.4%) was produced by the starters than the spontaneous fermentations (3.24%–4.38%). The modified process without starters produced a more acceptable (p < .05) product than the traditional process. The starters produced acceptable Enturire within 12 hr with pH, acidity, and alcohol content of about 3.8, 0.7%, and 2.5%–3.5%. Both starter combinations can thus be used to produce safe and acceptable Enturire in a short time.
Role of parathyroid hormone in regeneration of irradiated bone in a murine model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Kang Stephen Y. , Deshpande Sagar S. , Zheutlin Alexander R. , Donneys Alexis , Rodriguez Jose J. , Nelson Noah S. , Felice Peter A. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Buchman Steven R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to measure the histologic and histomorphometric effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment on irradiated bone undergoing distraction osteogenesis (DO).MethodsThirty‐four rats were divided into 3 groups. The control group underwent DO and the radiation control group underwent radiotherapy (RT) before DO. The PTH group underwent RT and received PTH during DO. Quantitative histology and histomorphometry were performed.ResultsRT resulted in a depletion of osteocytes and increase in empty lacunae. Treatment with PTH resulted in an increase in osteocyte counts and decrease in empty lacunae (p < .05), restoring osteocytes to levels seen in nonradiated bone (p = .121). RT decreased bone volume to tissue volume (BV‐TV) ratio and increased osteoid volume to tissue volume (OV‐TV) ratio, signifying increased immature bone formation. PTH treatment restored OV‐TV ratio to that observed in nonradiated bone.ConclusionPTH treatment of irradiated bone enhanced bone regeneration and restored osteocyte counts and OV‐TV ratio to levels comparable to nonradiated bone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 464–470, 2017
Can positive inquiry strengthen obstetric referral systems in Cambodia?
Authors: Le Gillian , Heng Molyaneth , Nou Keosothea , So Phina , Ensor Tim 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMaternal death remains high in low resource settings. Current literature on obstetric referral that sets out to tackle maternal death tends to focus on problematization. We took an alternative approach and rather asked what works in contemporary obstetric referral in a low income setting to find out if positive inquiry could generate original insights on referral that could be transformative. We documented and analysed instances of successful referral in a rural province of Cambodia that took place within the last year. Thirty women, their families, healthcare staff and community volunteers were purposively sampled for in‐depth interviews, conducted using an appreciative inquiry lens. We found that referral at its best is an active partnership between families, community and clinicians that co‐constructs care for labouring women during referral and delivery. Given the short time frame of the project we cannot conclude if this new understanding was transformative. However, we can show that acknowledging positive resources within contemporary referral systems enables health system stakeholders to widen their understanding of the kinds of resources that are available to them to direct and implement constructive change for maternal health. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source Code and a Screwdriver: STEM Literacy Practices in Fabricating Activities Among Experienced Adult Makers
Authors: Tucker‐Raymond Eli , Gravel Brian E. , Kohberger Kaitlin , Browne Kyle 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents results from developing and applying an initial analytic frame for observing and explaining literacy practices in making activities. It describes literacy‐related themes that emerged when the framework was applied. These themes are discussed within the making process of fabrication, one of a number of goal‐directed stages of making. Findings indicate that literacy practices in fabrication are openly shared, networked, and often oriented toward interfacing between physical and digital worlds. Results come from interviews with 14 adult makers. Implications for project‐based learning contexts and for literacy teachers are shared.
Construction and histological analysis of a 3D human arterial wall model containing vasa vasorum using a layer‐by‐layer technique
Authors: Shima Fumiaki , Narita Hirokazu , Hiura Ayami , Shimoda Hiroshi , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is considerable global demand for three‐dimensional (3D) functional tissues which mimic our native organs and tissues for use as in vitro drug screening systems and in regenerative medicine. In particular, there has been an increasing number of patients who suffer from arterial diseases such as arteriosclerosis. As such, in vitro 3D arterial wall models that can evaluate the effects of novel medicines and a novel artificial graft for the treatment are required. In our previous study, we reported the rapid construction of 3D tissues by employing a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique and revealed their potential applications in the pharmaceutical fields and tissue engineering. In this study, we successfully constructed a 3D arterial wall model containing vasa vasorum by employing a LbL technique for the first time. The cells were coated with extracellular matrix nanofilms and seeded into a culture insert using a cell accumulation method. This model had a three‐layered hierarchical structure: a fibroblast layer, a smooth muscle layer, and an endothelial layer, which resembled the native arterial wall. Our method could introduce vasa vasorum into a fibroblast layer in vitro and the 3D arterial wall model showed barrier function which was evaluated by immunostaining and transendothelial electrical resistance measurement. Furthermore, electron microscopy observations revealed that the vasa vasorum was composed of single‐layered endothelial cells, and the endothelial tubes were surrounded by the basal lamina, which are known to promote maturation and stabilization in native blood capillaries. These models should be useful for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 814–823, 2017.
The illusion of the perfect alibi: Establishing the base rate of non‐offenders' alibis
Authors: Nieuwkamp Ricardo , Horselenberg Robert , Van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe present study was designed to establish the base rate of alibis and supportive evidence for alibis of non‐offenders. That is important because the presence and lack of an alibi are often seen as a clear indicator of innocence and guilt, respectively, of a suspect. A large sample of laypersons (N = 841) was randomly assigned to one of 32 conditions in which they were asked to generate a true alibi after they were falsely accused of being the perpetrator of a mock robbery. Each condition consisted of either a Tuesday or a Saturday and one of 16 timeframes. In general, the majority of the participants had an alibi (99.5%) and supportive evidence for their alibis (92.4%). The supportive evidence often consisted of a combination of supportive evidence rather than one distinct form of supportive evidence (33.3%). Although it is widely assumed that the alibi believability is determined based on the strength of the supportive evidence, our results show that the type of evidence that can be presented by laypeople depends upon the day and the timeframe wherein the crime has been committed. The results of the study therefore imply that determining alibi believability solely on the strength of the supportive evidence is not a fair measure. We suggest that the believability should also be based on the base rate of alibis and its supportive evidence.
Simultaneous determination of seven multiclass veterinary antibiotics in surface water samples in the Republic of Korea using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chung Hyung Suk , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Lee Young‐Jun , Lee Han Sol , Kim Sangdon , Jung Hee‐Jung , Kang Tae‐Woo , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: October 2016

A simultaneous determination method using solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed to detect and quantify the presence of seven multiclass veterinary antibiotics (13 compounds in total) in surface water samples, which included the effluents of livestock wastewater and sewage treatment plants, as well as the reservoir drainage areas from dense animal farms. The pH of all water samples was adjusted to 2 or 6 before solid‐phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, method detection limit, method quantitation limit, accuracy, and precision. The linearity of all tested drugs was good, with R2 determination coefficients ≥ 0.9931. The method detection limits and method quantitation limits were 0.1–74.3 and 0.5–236.6 ng/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision values were 71–120 and 1–17%, respectively. The determination method was successfully applied for monitoring water samples obtained from the Yeongsan River in 2015. The most frequently detected antibiotics were lincomycin (96%), sulfamethazine (90%), sulfamethoxazole (88%), and sulfathiazole (50%); the maximum concentrations of which were 398.9, 1151.3, 533.1, and 307.4 ng/L, respectively. Overall, the greatest numbers and concentrations of detected antibiotics were found in samples from the effluents of livestock wastewater, sewage treatment plants, and reservoir drainage areas. Diverse veterinary antibiotics were present, and their presence was dependent upon the commercial sales and environmental properties of the analytes, the geographical positions of the sampling points, and the origin of the water.
Effects of Land Deals on Peak Discharge and Sediment Transport in the Catchments Around the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
Authors: Teklemariam Dereje , Lanckriet Sil , Azadi Hossein , Asfaha Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes , Haile Mitiku , Witlox Frank , Nyssen Jan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLand degradation poses a threat to reservoirs because of siltation; hence, sustainable hydropower development necessitates the conservation of upstream catchments. Ethiopia is currently constructing Africa's largest hydropower dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), on the Blue Nile. Given the commercialization of large tracts of land in the closer catchments, there is a need to explore the effects on peak discharge and suspended sediment concentration. A field survey was conducted on 20 ephemeral streams to compare annual maximum peak discharges between catchments (0·4 – 15·5 km2), eight of which drain commercial farms and twelve others, land under traditional management. We measured channel characteristics, observed flood marks and applied the empirical Manning equation to calculate peak discharges. SSC samples were taken during each runoff event from a stream in each of the two dominant land management categories. Results indicated that commercial farms contributed for the 51% increase in peak runoff compared to traditionally managed lands. Catchments dominated by commercial farms also have a significantly higher SSC (mean = 6·44 ± 2·23 g l−1) compared to catchments without commercial farms (mean = 2·77 ± 2·31 g l−1). Forests and woodlands have a strong buffering effect upon flood generation while higher peak discharges and sediment transport have generated from crop lands. However, leasing forests and woodland to agricultural companies has resulted in deforestation. Consequently, the increased runoff response may lead to downstream bank erosion and affect downstream communities; the increased sediment transport poses a threat to the multibillion dollar hydropower reservoir of the GERD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Polymer‐Cell Attachment
Authors: Venturato Andrea , MacFarlane Gillian , Geng Jin , Bradley Mark 
Published: October 2016

The development of polymeric materials with cell adhesion abilities requires an understanding of cell–surface interactions which vary with cell type. To investigate the correlation between cell attachment and the nature of the polymer, a series of random and block copolymers composed of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate are synthesized through single electron transfer living radical polymerization. The polymers are synthesized with highly defined and controlled monomer compositions and exhibited narrow polydispersity indices. These polymers are examined for their performance in the attachment and growth of HeLa and HEK cells, with attachment successfully modeled on monomer composition and polymer chain length, with both cell lines found to preferentially attach to moderately hydrophobic functional materials. The understanding of the biological‐material interactions assessed in this study will underpin further investigations of engineered polymer scaffolds with predictable cell binding performance.
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Colloidal Stability in Water of Modified Carbon Nanotube: Comparison of Different Modification Techniques
Authors: Seneewong‐Na‐Ayutthaya Montira , Pongprayoon Thirawudh , O'Rear Edgar A. 
Published: October 2016

The colloidal stability of carbon nanotube (CNT) in water is an important property for several applications. Three different functionalization approaches defined as nondestructive techniques have been carried out to modify the CNT surface and the product CNT compared. First, admicellar polymerization is used to form a water‐soluble polymer on CNT with two different polymers, polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Second, coatings of soluble biopolymers are applied using dextran and chitosan. Third, mild acid oxidation conditions from the literature are employed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as oxidizing agents. The colloidal stability of modified CNT is examined by sedimentation and by turbidity measurements along with laser particle size analysis. Thermogravimetric Analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy are used to confirm that modification of the CNT is successfully implemented with each technique. Lastly, FT‐Raman is used to assess damage to the CNT structure after modification. A focus of the turbidity measurements is quantitative analysis using numerical integration of variability to evaluate colloidal stability. All modified CNT samples clearly yield improved aqueous dispersions. For each of the three approaches, the better option is KMnO4 for mild acid oxidation, PVAc for admicellar polymerization, and chitosan for biopolymer deposition.
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Facile Preparation of CO2‐Responsive Polymer Nano‐Objects via Aqueous Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (Photo‐PISA)
Authors: Tan Jianbo , Zhang Xuechao , Liu Dongdong , Bai Yuhao , Huang Chundong , Li Xueliang , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2016

Carbon dioxide (CO2)‐responsive polymer nano‐objects are prepared by photoinitiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in water at room temperature using a poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) macromolecular chain transfer agent. Kinetic studies confirm that full monomer conversions are achieved in all cases within 10 min of visible‐light irradiation (405 nm, 0.5 mW cm−2). The effect of DMAEMA on the polymerization is studied in detail, and pure higher order morphologies (worms and vesicles) are prepared by this particular formulation. Finally, CO2‐responsive property of the obtained vesicles is investigated by dynamic light scattering, visual appearance, and transmission electron microscope.
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A k‐Nearest Neighbours Approach Using Metabolism‐related Fingerprints to Improve In Silico Metabolite Ranking
Authors: Marchant Carol A. , Rosser Edward M. , Vessey Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe application of biotransformation dictionaries derived by expert evaluation of known metabolic pathways represents one approach to the prediction of both phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolites. The ranking of metabolites generated by such dictionaries has previously been achieved through the use of qualitative reasoning rules and quantitative probability values. Using the biotransformation dictionary available in the Meteor expert system, we show that metabolite over‐prediction by both of these methods can be reduced by the adoption of a k‐nearest neighbours	methodology in which the likelihood of a predicted biotransformation is determined based on comparison of a query chemical with structurally‐similar substrates with known experimental metabolic data which activate the same biotransformation. Optimal performance was achieved when similarity was defined in terms of a combination of two fingerprints, one describing the overall profile of biotransformations a structure can potentially undergo and the other describing the local environment around the predicted site of metabolism for the particular biotransformation under consideration.
Voxelwise analysis of simultaneously acquired and spatially correlated 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET and intravoxel incoherent motion metrics in breast cancer
Authors: Ostenson Jason , Pujara Akshat C. , Mikheev Artem , Moy Linda , Kim Sungheon G. , Melsaether Amy N. , Jhaveri Komal , Adams Sylvia , Faul David , Glielmi Christopher , Geppert Christian , Feiweier Thorsten , Jackson Kimberly , Cho Gene Y. , Boada Fernando E. , Sigmund Eric E. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG–PET) independently correlate with malignancy in breast cancer, but the relationship between their structural and metabolic metrics is not completely understood. This study spatially correlates diffusion, perfusion, and glucose avidity in breast cancer with simultaneous PET/MR imaging and compares correlations with clinical prognostics.MethodsIn this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant prospective study, with written informed consent and approval of the institutional review board and using simultaneously acquired FDG‐PET and DWI, tissue diffusion (Dt), and perfusion fraction (fp) from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis were registered to FDG‐PET within 14 locally advanced breast cancers. Lesions were analyzed using 2D histograms and correlation coefficients between Dt, fp, and standardized uptake value (SUV). Correlations were compared with prognostics from biopsy, metastatic burden from whole‐body PET, and treatment history.ResultsSUV||Dt correlation coefficient significantly distinguished treated (0.11 ± 0.24) from nontreated (−0.33 ± 0.26) patients (P = 0.005). SUV||fp correlations were on average negative for the whole cohort (−0.17 ± 0.13).ConclusionSimultaneously acquired and registered FDG‐PET/DWI allowed quantifiable descriptions of breast cancer microenvironments that may provide a framework for monitoring and predicting response to treatment. Magn Reson Med 78:1147–1156, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Post‐injury bladder management strategy influences lower urinary tract dysfunction in the mouse model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Wada Naoki , Shimizu Takahiro , Takai Shun , Shimizu Nobutaka , Kanai Anthony J. , Tyagi Pradeep , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo examine the effects of a different number of daily bladder squeezes on bladder dysfunction in mice with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsSpinal cord was transected at the Th8/9 in female C57BL/6N mice. Their bladders were manually squeezed to eliminate urine inside every day for 4 weeks. The mice were divided into three groups depending on the number of bladder squeezes; A: once daily, B: twice daily, C: three times daily. Four weeks after transection, single‐filling cystometry were performed under an awake condition. NGF in the bladder mucosa and mRNA expression of P2X receptors and TRP channels in L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured.ResultsBladder weight in group C was less than that of group A. Bladder capacity, post‐void residual, and the number of non‐voiding contractions during the storage phase were significantly larger in group A compared to group B or C. The level of NGF in groups C were lower compared to group A or B. The expression of P2X3 and TRPA1 in groups B and C was decreased compared to group A. The expression of P2X2 was decreased in groups B compared to group A.ConclusionThe post‐injury bladder management after SCI with an increased number of daily bladder emptying improves the storage and voiding bladder dysfunction associated with the reduction of NGF in the bladder as well as P2X and TRP transcripts in lumbosacral DRG.
Is bladder neck and urethral mobility associated with urinary incontinence and mode of delivery 4 years after childbirth?
Authors: Volløyhaug Ingrid , van Gruting Isabelle , van Delft Kim , Sultan Abdul H. , Thakar Ranee 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo study changes in bladder neck, urethral mobility and urinary incontinence (UI) from pregnancy to 4 years postpartum and demonstrate any association to mode of delivery or presence of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury. Secondly, we aimed to correlate bladder neck and urethral mobility to UI symptoms.MethodsProspective study of 180 women, recruited in their first pregnancy and followed up 1 and/or 4 years postpartum. UI symptoms were assessed with a validated questionnaire. All underwent 4D transperineal ultrasound to assess LAM injury, bladder neck descent (BND), retrovesical angle at Valsalva (RVA), and urethral rotation between rest and Valsalva. A mixed model compared changes over time, different delivery modes, and women with and without LAM injury. Spearman's rank correlation tested the correlation of BND, RVA, and urethral rotation to UI symptoms.ResultsBND, RVA, and urethral rotation all increased following delivery. From 1 to 4 years postpartum, a larger increase in BND was found for women delivered vaginally with LAM injury, compared to women with intact LAM (P = 0.02) and women with cesarean section (P = 0.046). One year postpartum, BND and RVA correlated to UI symptoms, rs = 0.22, P = 0.01. Four years postpartum, RVA correlated to UI symptoms, rs = 0.19, P = 0.02.ConclusionsAlthough bladder neck and urethral mobility increased from pregnancy to 4 years postpartum irrespective of delivery mode, women with LAM injury had larger increase in BND, suggesting that this is important in the pathogenesis of bladder neck mobility and could lead to pelvic floor dysfunction in the long term.