bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of ART on Live Birth Outcomes: Differing Experiences across Three States
Authors: Luke Sabrina , Sappenfield William M. , Kirby Russell S. , McKane Patricia , Bernson Dana , Zhang Yujia , Chuong Farah , Cohen Bruce , Boulet Sheree L. , Kissin Dmitry M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown an association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and adverse birth outcomes. We identified whether birth outcomes of ART‐conceived pregnancies vary across states with different maternal characteristics, insurance coverage for ART services, and type of ART services provided.MethodsCDC's National ART Surveillance System data were linked to Massachusetts, Florida, and Michigan vital records from 2000 through 2006. Maternal characteristics in ART‐ and non‐ART‐conceived live births were compared between states using chi‐square tests. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses and calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to assess associations between ART use and singleton preterm delivery (<32 weeks, <37 weeks), singleton small for gestational age (SGA) (<5th and <10th percentiles) and multiple birth.ResultsART use in Massachusetts was associated with significantly lower odds of twins as well as triplets and higher order births compared to Florida and Michigan (aOR 22.6 vs. 30.0 and 26.3, and aOR 37.6 vs. 92.8 and 99.2, respectively; Pinteraction < 0.001). ART use was associated with increased odds of SGA in Michigan only, and with preterm delivery (<32 and <37 weeks) in all states (aOR range: 1.60, 1.87).ConclusionsART use was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery among singletons that showed little variability between states. The number of twins, triplets and higher order gestations per cycle was lower in Massachusetts, which may be due to the availability of insurance coverage for ART in Massachusetts.
Shared and distinct oculomotor function deficits in schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Damilou Angeliki , Apostolakis Sotirios , Thrapsanioti Eleftheria , Theleritis Christos , Smyrnis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDetailed analysis of oculomotor function phenotypes in antisaccade, smooth eye pursuit, and active fixation tasks was performed in a sample of 44 patients with schizophrenia, 34 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and 45 matched healthy controls. A common pattern of performance deficits in both schizophrenia and OCD emerged including higher antisaccade error rate, increased latency for corrective antisaccades, as well as higher rates of unwanted saccades in smooth eye pursuit compared to healthy controls. This common pattern could be related to the dysfunction of a network of cognitive control that is present in both disorders, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, only patients with schizophrenia showed a specific increase for correct antisaccade mean latency and the intrasubject variability of latency for error prosaccades as well as a decrease in the gain for smooth eye pursuit, suggesting a specific deficit in saccadic motor control and the frontal eye field in schizophrenia that is not present in OCD. A specific deficit in fixation stability (increased frequency of unwanted saccades during active fixation) was observed only for OCD patients pointing to a deficit in the frontostriatal network controlling fixation. This deficit was pronounced for OCD patients receiving additional antipsychotic medication. In conclusion, oculomotor function showed shared and distinct patterns of deviance for schizophrenia and OCD pointing toward shared and specific neurobiological substrates for these psychiatric disorders.
Social Drivers of Water Utility Privatization in the United States: An Examination of the Presence of Variegated Neoliberal Strategies in the Water Utility Sector
Authors: Greiner Patrick Trent 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study uses a logistic regression analysis to investigate the social drivers of water utility privatization in the United States at the local level. In order to do so I combine data gathered from the Environmental Protection Agency's 2012 Safe Drinking Water Information System database and use it in conjunction with the U.S. census's 2008–12 county‐level demographic estimates. I use a logistic regression analysis in order to examine the relationship between theoretically relevant social factors and the probability of a privately owned or operated water system being located within a community. Key findings suggest that water utility privatization in the United States follows the logic of a variegated neoliberalism and constitutes a form of environmental injustice.
Party, Regional and Linguistic Proportionality Under Majoritarian Rules: Swiss Federal Council Elections
Authors: Stojanović Nenad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe elections to the Swiss Federal Council in December 2015 re‐established a system of party‐centred concordance, cherished in consociational theory, consisting of two representatives of the Swiss People's Party, two Radicals, two Social Democrats and one Christian Democrat. At the same time, the government has rarely been as unbalanced in terms of the representation of Switzerland's languages and regions. The article analyses the concept of concordance with regard to both aspects of governmental inclusiveness. It also highlights the crucial role of electoral rules used in governmental elections. It argues that they resemble the Alternative Vote, a majoritarian electoral system that has been criticized in consociational theory but prescribed by the rival, centripetalist approach to power sharing.
Two new species of fossil Corethrella Coquillett from Late Eocene Rovno amber, with a species‐level phylogeny for the family based on morphological traits (Diptera: Corethrellidae)
Authors: BARANOV VIKTOR A. , KVIFTE GUNNAR M. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpecies in the genus Corethrella Coquillett, the only genus in the family Corethrellidae, feed on the blood of frogs and toads and are unique among Diptera in locating their hosts by sound. Their fossil record goes back to the Cretaceous and comprises seven previously described species from various amber deposits. Herein, we present the first records of Corethrella from Late Eocene Rovno amber (35 Ma), with the description of two new species: Corethrella sontagae sp.n. based on a single male, and Corethrella rovnoensis sp.n. based on a single female. A revised key to fossil species of Corethrella is given. Phylogenetic relationships within Corethrella are investigated based on Bayesian and parsimony analysis, including the new data. All species groups recognized by Borkent (2008) are recovered as monophyletic, with the exception of the drakensbergensis group, which is found to be a paraphyletic grade. Both of the newly described species can be accommodated within modern species groups: C. sontagae shows affinities with the quadrivittata group and C. rovnoensis with the rotunda group.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE394C59‐775F‐42DC‐A5A8‐AF9C91E16464.
Emergence of a superradiation: pselaphine rove beetles in mid‐Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and their evolutionary implications
Authors: PARKER JOSEPH 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPselaphinae is an exceptionally species‐rich, globally distributed subfamily of minute rove beetles (Staphylinidae), many of which are inquilines of social insects. Deducing the factors that drove pselaphine diversification and their evolutionary predisposition to inquilinism requires a reliable timescale of pselaphine cladogenesis. Pselaphinae is split into a small and highly plesiomorphic supertribe, Faronitae, and its sister group, the ‘higher Pselaphinae’ – a vast multi‐tribe clade with a more derived morphological ground plan, and which includes all known instances of inquilinism. The higher Pselaphinae is dominated by tribes with a Gondwanan taxonomic bias. However, a minority of tribes are limited to the Nearctic and Palearctic ecozones, implying a potentially older, Pangaean origin of the higher Pselaphinae as a whole. Here, I describe fossils from mid‐Cretaceous (∼99 million years old) Burmese amber that confirm the existence of crown‐group higher pselaphines on the Eurasian supercontinent prior to contact with Gondwanan landmasses. Protrichonyx rafifrons gen. et sp.n. is placed incertae sedis within the higher Pselaphinae. Boreotethys gen.n., erected for B. grimaldii sp.n. and B. arctopteryx sp.n., represents an extinct sister taxon and putative stem group of Bythinini, a Recent tribe with a primarily Holarctic distribution. The Laurasian palaeolocality of the newly described taxa implies that higher pselaphines are indeed probably of Jurassic, Pangaean extraction and that the Laurasian‐Gondwanan tribal dichotomy of this clade may have developed vicariantly following Pangaean rifting. Higher pselaphines probably predate the earliest ants. Their physically protective morphological ground plan may have been a preadaptation for myrmecophily when ants became diverse and ecologically ubiquitous, much later in the Cenozoic.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:36E3FE2A-B947-422D-89CA-0EF43B99C382.
Growth in HIV‐infected children on long‐term antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Feucht Ute D. , Van Bruwaene Lore , Becker Piet J. , Kruger Mariana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo describe growth in HIV‐infected children on long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to assess social, clinical, immunological and virological factors associated with suboptimal growth.MethodsThis observational cohort study included all HIV‐infected children at an urban ART site in South Africa who were younger than 5 years at ART initiation and with more than 5 years of follow‐up. Growth was assessed using weight‐for‐age Z‐scores (WAZ), height‐for‐age Z‐scores (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI)‐for‐age Z‐scores (BAZ). Children were stratified according to pre‐treatment anthropometry and age. Univariate and mixed linear analysis were used to determine associations between independent variables and weight and height outcomes.ResultsThe majority of the 159 children presented with advanced clinical disease (90%) and immunosuppression (89%). Before treatment underweight, stunting and wasting were common (WAZ<−2 = 50%, HAZ<−2 = 73%, BAZ<−2 = 19%). Weight and BMI improved during the initial 12 months, while height improved over the entire 5‐year period. Height at study exit was significantly worse for children with growth impairment at ART initiation (P < 0.001), and infants (<1 year) demonstrated superior improvement in terms of BMI (P = 0.04). Tuberculosis was an independent risk factor for suboptimal weight (P = 0.01) and height (P = 0.02) improvement. Weight gain was also hindered by lack of electricity (P = 0.04). Immune reconstitution and virological suppression were not associated with being underweight or stunted at study endpoint.ConclusionsMalnutrition was a major clinical concern for this cohort of HIV‐infected children. Early ART initiation, tuberculosis co‐infection management and nutritional interventions are crucial to ensure optimal growth in HIV‐infected children.
Buy Local? Governmental Incentives to ‘Inform’ Consumers
Authors: Richardson Martin , Stähler Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper considers governmental incentives to provide information to local consumers about the relative merits of local versus foreign goods. We construct a model in which a local firm in a small, open economy competes in its domestic market with imports. Consumers are willing to pay an idiosyncratic premium for the local product, drawn from some support that the importing country government can affect through a costly information campaign. We examine incentives to undertake such a campaign in autarky and in the case of trade. We show, inter alia, that while a national welfare‐maximising government will always wish to shift this distribution upwards, it may not wish to reduce the variance of valuations, and that the optimal response of a foreign government will be to increase any support it offers to its exporters. Furthermore, falling world prices generally reduce the attractiveness of such a campaign both to a welfare‐maximising government and to one that cares only for domestic profits.
Activity‐based costs of plasma transfusions in medical and surgical inpatients at a US hospital
Authors: Shander A. , Ozawa S. , Hofmann A. 
Published: February 2016

Background and objectivesFresh frozen plasma (FFP) usage has significantly increased over the last decade leading to elevated healthcare costs. Although FFP is used in several clinical settings, it is often inappropriately transfused and evidence for its clinical efficacy is poor. Here, we describe plasma usage and transfusion costs in a real‐world US inpatient setting to determine the cost‐effectiveness of FFP transfusion and for comparison to various patient blood management (PBM) options to treat coagulopathies.Materials and methodsAll activities related to plasma transfusion recorded at a single US hospital over one calendar year were collected in a stepwise manner using an activity‐based costing (ABC) methodology. This model maps all technical, administrative and clinical processes inherent to the cost of plasma.ResultsOf 18 200 inpatients recorded, 849 were charged for blood products. In total, 136 medical and surgical inpatients were charged for 577 units of FFP, receiving a total of 534 units; 43 units were charged but not transfused. The total cost per unit of FFP transfused was $409·62 and $1,608·37 per patient transfused with FFP. Wasted products, in‐hospital processes and overhead costs were found to account for 89·8% of the total cost of FFP transfusions.ConclusionThis study is the first to use ABC methodology to determine the full cost of plasma transfusion in a US inpatient setting. These data reveal the true cost of plasma, providing a useful reference point to compare with the cost of other PBM options to manage coagulation disorders.
In vitro analysis of volume‐reduced washed platelet concentrates stored in bicarbonated Ringer's solution containing less than 5% residual plasma
Authors: Oikawa S. , Minegishi M. , Endo K. , Kawashima W. , Suzuki K. , Shimizu H. 
Published: February 2016

Background and ObjectivesVolume‐reduced washed platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) can prevent circulatory overload and allergic reactions in patients undergoing PLT transfusions. For these reasons, they are in demand for paediatric settings and for patients at risk of circulatory overload. Here, we evaluated the quality of volume‐reduced washed PCs stored for 5 days in a novel acetate‐free PLT additive solution (PAS) containing glucose and bicarbonate (BRS‐A) with <5% residual plasma protein.Materials and MethodsPCs from two apheresis donations were mixed and divided equally into control and test units. For the test unit (volume‐reduced washed PCs), PLTs were washed and stored in 90 ml BRS‐A with <5% plasma protein. PLTs in the control unit were stored in 200 ml 100% plasma without any washing manipulations. The in vitro properties of PLTs in both units were compared over a 5‐day storage period.ResultsThe procedure for volume‐reduced washed PCs effectively removed >98% plasma protein in 100% plasma PCs and yielded an approximately twofold lower mean volume (91 ml) compared to that observed with the control units. Immediately after washing, the mean PLT concentration of the test units was 20·5 × 1011/l, twofold higher than that of the control units. The pH (37°C) levels in the test unit remained above 7·0 for 5 days. Glucose consumption and lactate production rates of the test units on days 1–3 were higher than those of the control units, leading to glucose exhaustion in the test unit by Day 3. Hypotonic shock responses and CD62P and CD42b expression levels in both units were comparable during 5‐day storage.ConclusionConsidering the pH buffering capacity of BRS‐A, a 90‐ml volume may be acceptable for maintaining the in vitro quality of washed PLTs for at least 2 days.
Microscopic Evaluation of Peritumoral Lesions of Feline Injection Site Sarcomas Identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
Authors: Nemanic Sarah , Milovancev Milan , Terry Jesse L. , Stieger‐Vanegas Susanne M. , Löhr Christiane V. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveDetermine whether dual‐phase computed tomography angiogram (CTA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detect more peritumoral lesions of feline injection site sarcoma (FISS) and determine whether CTA or MRI imaging characteristics of peritumoral lesions correspond with microscopic findings.Study DesignProspective clinical study.AnimalsTen client‐owned cats with FISS.MethodsA fiducial marker detectable on CTA and MRI was sutured to the skin over the FISS as a standard reference point. All cats received MRI and CTA of the FISS, immediately followed by wide surgical excision. Targeted microscopic evaluation was performed on tissue with imaging‐identified lesions and on the surgical margins.ResultsA total of 87 imaging‐identified peritumoral lesions were examined microscopically (median 4 per cat, range 3–9) with 17/87 (20%) categorized as neoplastic, 51/87 (59%) as nonneoplastic, and 19/87 (22%) as equivocal. In 25 instances, peritumoral lesions were seen on both imaging modalities at the same location. Unique imaging characteristics were seen in 5/17 neoplastic peritumoral lesions (4 cats; all different lesions; 1 CTA, 4 MRI). The CTA and MRI appearances of the remaining 12/17 neoplastic lesions were nonspecific, being observed across more than 1 microscopic category.ConclusionCTA and MRI identified a similar number of peritumoral lesions. The extensive overlap between imaging features of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions precludes definitive identification of neoplastic peritumoral FISS lesions using CTA or MRI.
First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes—Chapter 5: recipient monitoring and response plan for preventing disease transmission
Authors: Denner Joachim , Tönjes Ralf R. , Takeuchi Yasu , Fishman Jay , Scobie Linda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractXenotransplantation of porcine cells, tissues, and organs may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the human recipient. A previous, 2009, version of this consensus statement focused on strategies to prevent transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs). This version addresses potential transmission of all porcine microorganisms including monitoring of the recipient and provides suggested approaches to the monitoring and prevention of disease transmission. Prior analyses assumed that most microorganisms other than the endogenous retroviruses could be eliminated from donor animals under appropriate conditions which have been called “designated pathogen‐free” (DPF) source animal production. PERVs integrated as proviruses in the genome of all pigs cannot be eliminated in that manner and represent a unique risk. Certain microorganisms are by nature difficult to eliminate even under DPF conditions; any such clinically relevant microorganisms should be included in pig screening programs. With the use of porcine islets in clinical trials, special consideration has to be given to the presence of microorganisms in the isolated islet tissue to be used and also to the potential use of encapsulation. It is proposed that microorganisms absent in the donor animals by sensitive microbiological examination do not need to be monitored in the transplant recipient; this will reduce costs and screening requirements. Valid detection assays for donor and manufacturing‐derived microorganisms must be established. Special consideration is needed to preempt potential unknown pathogens which may pose a risk to the recipient. This statement summarizes the main achievements in the field since 2009 and focus on issues and solutions with microorganisms other than PERV.
Cuspidal quintics and surfaces with , and 5-torsion
Authors: Rito Carlos 
Published: February 2016

If $S$ is a quintic surface in $\mathbb{P}^{3}$ with singular set 15 3-divisible ordinary cusps, then there is a Galois triple cover ${\it\phi}:X\rightarrow S$ branched only at the cusps such that $p_{g}(X)=4$, $q(X)=0$, $K_{X}^{2}=15$ and ${\it\phi}$ is the canonical map of $X$. We use computer algebra to search for such quintics having a free action of $\mathbb{Z}_{5}$, so that $X/\mathbb{Z}_{5}$ is a smooth minimal surface of general type with $p_{g}=0$ and $K^{2}=3$. We find two different quintics, one of which is the van der Geer–Zagier quintic; the other is new.We also construct a quintic threefold passing through the 15 singular lines of the Igusa quartic, with 15 cuspidal lines there. By taking tangent hyperplane sections, we compute quintic surfaces with singular sets $17\mathsf{A}_{2}$, $16\mathsf{A}_{2}$, $15\mathsf{A}_{2}+\mathsf{A}_{3}$ and $15\mathsf{A}_{2}+\mathsf{D}_{4}$.