bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved generalized spatial modulation via antenna selection
Authors: Pillay Narushan , Xu Hongjun 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWhen a high spectral efficiency is needed, the cost of Euclidean distance‐based antenna selection for spatial modulation (EDAS‐SM) in terms of hardware, size, and computational complexity is significantly increased because of the large transmit antenna array required. In comparison, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) can match the spectral efficiency of EDAS‐SM, while using significantly fewer transmit antenna elements. However, the error performance of GSM is naturally limited because of the use of a predetermined and fixed set of transmit antenna combinations. By exploiting knowledge of the channel, the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations can be selected by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between transmit vectors. In this paper, an adaptive scheme for selection of the optimal set of transmit antenna combinations is proposed to improve the reliability of GSM. The computational overhead of the said scheme is relatively high; hence, a low‐complexity suboptimal scheme for selection of the set of transmit antenna combinations is further proposed. The improved GSM schemes address the spectral efficiency limitation of EDAS‐SM, while demonstrating superior error performance.
Warming mediates the relationship between plant nutritional properties and herbivore functional responses
Authors: Xu Meng , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Ricciardi Anthony , Fang Miao , Zhang Canyu , Gu Dangen , Mu Xidong , Luo Du , Wei Hui , Hu Yinchang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuantifying the per capita effects of invasive alien species is crucial for assessing their ecological impact. A major challenge to risk assessment of invasive species was to understand the factors that cause per capita effects to vary in different ecological contexts, particularly in a warming world. By conducting functional response experiments, we estimated the per capita effects (attack rate and maximum feeding rate) of an invasive herbivorous snail,Pomacea canaliculata, toward ten host plant species. We tested whether variation in these effects is related to plant nutritional and physical properties (total N and dry matter content (DMC)) and examined how increasing temperature can shift these relationships. We observed stronger per capita effects (i.e., higher attack rate and maximum feeding rate) by the snail on plants with higher total N, but no direct relationship was found withDMC. A significant interaction effect of total N andDMCon the attack rate indicated thatDMCprobably adjusted the feeding indirectly. Warmer temperatures reduced correlations between snail functional responses and host plant nutritional properties (total N) by increasing maximum feeding rate for plants of low nutrition, but there was no such effect on attack rates. However, given the nonreplacement design used in our study, the nonsignificant effect of temperature on the attack rate should be caveated. Our result suggests that characterizing the per capita effects of herbivores using functional responses can reveal the mechanisms by which climate change may alter herbivore–plant interactions and, thus, the ecological impacts of introduced herbivores.
Natural areas as a basis for assessing ecosystem vulnerability to climate change
Authors: H. Massie Margaret , Wilson Todd M. , Morzillo Anita T. , Henderson Emilie B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere are more than 580 natural areas in Oregon and Washington managed by 20 federal, state, local, and private agencies and organizations. This natural areas network is unparalleled in its representation of the diverse ecosystems found in the Pacific Northwest, and could prove useful for monitoring long‐term ecological responses to climate change. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate potential effects of climate change on these natural areas and (2) develop strategies for selecting and prioritizing sites for long‐term monitoring. Bioclimatic and Random Forest modeling were used to identify subsets of natural areas to prioritize for long‐term monitoring efforts based on the current and projected (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) outputs from 13 future climate models. Projection consensus suggest some of the largest effects of climate change on natural areas may be the result of a substantial range increase in suitable climate for warmer‐adapted forest types coupled with a reduction in habitat for cooler‐adapted forest types. We identify four strategies that could be used for prioritizing sites and help manage and protect biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest, especially given uncertainty over climate change effects.
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol, Codeine and Caffeine on Diamond‐like Carbon Porous Electrodes
Authors: Silva Tiago Almeida , Zanin Hudson , Corat Evaldo José , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA porous electrode material combining the features of vertically aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNT) and diamond‐like carbon films (DLC) have been developed for a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor. For working electrode preparation, DLC has been grown onto VAMWCNT, forming a porous, conductive and stable composite. The electrochemical performance of this DLC:VAMWCNT electrode has been investigated toward detection and analysis of three well‐known molecules, namely paracetamol, codeine and caffeine. A ternary mixture of these analytes was simultaneously determined under optimum experimental conditions using square‐wave voltammetry. Wide linear concentration ranges and the limits of detection of 3.34×10−7 mol L−1, 1.57×10−7 mol L−1 and 3.67×10−7 mol L−1 were obtained for paracetamol, codeine and caffeine, respectively. We conclude that the proposed voltammetric method and the DLC:VAMWCNT electrode comprise a reliable methodology for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, codeine and caffeine in biological matrix samples.
Experimental characterization, design and modelling of the RBRL seismic‐isolation system for lightweight structures
Authors: Donà Marco , Muhr Alan Hugh , Tecchio Giovanni , da Porto Francesca 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe Rolling‐Ball Rubber‐Layer (RBRL) system was developed to enable seismic isolation of lightweight structures, such as special equipment or works of art, and is very versatile, a great range of equivalent natural frequencies and coefficients of damping being achievable through choice of the system parameters.The necessity to have a simple and effective design procedure has led to a new parametric experimentation at Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre (TARRC) on the rolling behaviour of the RBRL system and load–deflection behaviour of the recentering springs. The experimental results, together with theories for the rolling resistance of a loaded steel ball on a thin rubber layer and the lateral load–deflection behaviour of cylindrical rubber springs, are used to develop a general design method for the RBRL system, which allows the system to be tailored to the specific application.Sinusoidal test results are presented for the small‐deflection behaviour of the system, influenced by the presence of a viscoelastic depression on the rubber tracks beneath each ball, and an amplitude‐dependent time‐domain model is proposed, based on these results and on the steady‐state behaviour of the system. The model is validated through comparison with previously performed shaking‐table tests. Attention is here restricted to uniaxial behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Failure simulation of shear‐critical RC columns with non‐ductile detailing under lateral load
Authors: Lucchini Andrea , Franchin Paolo , Kunnath Sashi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryReinforced concrete columns with non‐ductile detailing typically exhibit a softening behavior characterized by severe degradation when subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Whether the response is brittle or ductile, shear failure occurs with an inclined through crack along which sliding occurs coupled with loss of horizontal and vertical load‐bearing capacity of the member. The rapid loss of resistance after the peak strength is reached is because of one or more of the following local failure mechanisms: brittle failure of poorly confined concrete; buckling of longitudinal reinforcing bars because of lack of adequate transverse reinforcement or following opening of stirrups after spalling of cover concrete; bond failure. In this study, a modeling strategy to build a detailed 3D finite element model capable of capturing all of the above‐mentioned local failure mechanisms is presented. In particular, a steel–concrete interface model for representing the interaction within the member between concrete core, cover and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement is proposed. Comparison with results of an experimental test of a shear‐sensitive column demonstrates the effectiveness of the simulation up to failure of the element. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probability density evolution method for seismic liquefaction performance analysis of earth dam
Authors: Huang Yu , Xiong Min 
Published: November 2016

SummaryTo investigate the seismic liquefaction performance of earth dams under earthquake loading, we present a new methodology for evaluating the seismic response of earth dams based on a performance‐based approach and a stochastic vibration method. This study assesses an earthfill dam located in a high‐intensity seismic region of eastern China. The seismic design levels and corresponding performance indexes are selected according to performance‐based criteria and dam seismic codes. Then, nonlinear constitutive models are used to derive an array of deterministic seismic responses of the earth dam by dynamic time series analysis based on a finite element model. Based on these responses, the stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliability of the earth dam are obtained using the probability density evolution method. Finally, the seismic performance of the earth dam is assessed by the performance‐based and reliability criteria. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of the seismic response analysis of earth dams using the random vibration method. This new method of dynamic performance analysis of earth dams demonstrates that performance‐based criteria and reliability evaluation can provide more objective indices for decision‐making rather than using deterministic seismic acceleration time series as is the current normal practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic toxicity of arsenic during Rhinella arenarum embryonic and larval development: Potential biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant response
Authors: Mardirosian Mariana Noelia , Lascano Cecilia Inés , Bongiovanni Guillermina Azucena , Venturino Andrés 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The Argentinean autochthonous toad Rhinella arenarum was selected to study the chronic toxicity of arsenic (As) and the biochemical responses elicited by exposure to As in water during embryonic and larval development. Significant decreases in the total reactive antioxidant potential and in catalase activity were observed in individuals exposed chronically to sublethal concentrations of As, which is indicative of an oxidative stress situation. However, an antioxidant response was elicited during chronic exposure to As, as evidenced by the increase in endogenous reduced glutathione content and glutathione-related enzymatic activities such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase. This protective response might prevent a deeper decline in the antioxidant system and further oxidative damage. Alternatively, it might be linked to As conjugation with reduced glutathione for its excretion. Considering the sustained increase in GST activity and the decrease in the total antioxidant reactive potential observed, the authors propose them as good candidates to be used as biomarkers during As exposure. Interestingly, glutathione reductase activity was inhibited at a very low concentration of As considered safe for aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1614–1621. © 2016 SETAC
Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA
Authors: Minor Rick , Peterson Curt D. 
Published: November 2016

Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm‐surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast.
Clinical characteristics and survival outcome of primary effusion lymphoma: A review of 105 patients
Authors: El‐Fattah Mohamed Abd 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrimary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and an aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a distinctive clinicobiological features. As a result of the rarity of this malignancy, the overwhelming majority of data come from a case reports or series. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and the survival outcomes of 105 patients with PEL who diagnosed between 2001 and 2012 from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 18 of the US National Cancer Institute. The Kaplan‐Meier curves were constructed and the multivariate Cox model was built to identify survival prognostic factors. Of the total 105 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (male‐to‐female ratio, 8.5:1), and Caucasian race accounted for 79%. Regarding the diagnostic methods, diagnosis has been established by histology in 39 patients (36.8%) and cytology in 54 patients (51.4%). Ann Arbor staging showed that 65% of the patients had advanced stages (stages III and IV) at time of diagnosis. With a median follow‐up of 4 months, 82 patients (78%) had died at last follow‐up time, of which 40 patients (58.5%) died due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related complications and 21 patients (25.6%) due to PEL progression. The HIV‐related death accounted for 69% of deaths in a black American compared with 55.5% in Caucasian. With a median overall survival (OS) of 4.8 months, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates were 30%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. In univariate analysis, age, gender, marital status, and year of diagnosis had no impact on OS. The 1‐year OS rate was 25% in advanced stages compared with 52% in early stages. In a multivariate model adjusted for demographic data, the risk of mortality in advanced stages (stages III and IV) was 1.86‐fold higher than those reported in early stages (Hazard Ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.29; P = .03). In conclusion, PEL has a poor survival regardless, age, gender, marital status, and tumor stage.
Multilayer cellular stacks of gelatin‐hydroxyapatite fiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Salifu A.A. , Lekakou C. , Labeed F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMultilayer cellular stacks of crosslinked, electrospun 25 wt % hydroxyapatite (HA)‐gelatin and pure gelatin fiber scaffolds, seeded with human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs), were studied for up to 18 days in static and dynamic cell culture. Two types of stack models were investigated: a four‐layer stack with cells seeded at the bottom surface of the first/top layer and the top surface of the fourth/bottom layer, so that the two middle layers were not seeded with cells with the aim to act as continuing conduits of culture medium and nutrients supply to the adjacent cell‐populated zones; a three‐layer stack with cells seeded at the bottom surface of each layer. hFOBs exhibited lower migration rate through the stack thickness for the 25 wt % HA‐gelatin scaffolds as compared to the pure gelatin scaffolds, due to the small pores of the former. Hence, the regularly seeded three‐layer stack maintained cell‐free porous zones in all layers through which the culture medium could continuously perfuse, while good fusion was achieved at the interface of all layers via the cross‐migrating cells with a preference to downwards vertical migration attributed to gravity. Dynamic cell culture conditions enhanced overall cell growth by about 6% for the regularly seeded three‐layer stack. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 779–789, 2017.
Molecularly imprinted core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles for selective extraction of triazines in soils
Authors: Patiño‐Ropero María José , Díaz‐Álvarez Myriam , Martín‐Esteban Antonio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, a propazine‐imprinted polymer was synthesized on the surface of modified magnetic nanoparticles to be used in the solid‐phase extraction of triazines in soil samples. The effect of different solvents on the selective extraction of target analytes was assessed to establish the optimum rebinding conditions. The obtained magnetic molecularly imprinted particles exhibited high selectivity for triazines and were easily collected and separated by an external magnetic field without additional centrifugation or filtration steps. Under optimum conditions, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction method was developed allowing the extraction of several triazines (desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, simazine, atrazine, and propazine) from soil samples and their subsequent final determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection. Recoveries for the triazines studied were within the range 5.4% to 40.6%, with relative standard deviations lower than 7.0% (n = 3). The detection limits were within 0.1 to 3 ng g−1, depending upon the triazine and the type of soil used.
Total quality index of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms packed in modified atmosphere
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Vunduk Jovana , Tomašević Igor , Kozarski Maja , Petrovic Predrag , Niksic Miomir , Pudja Predrag , Klaus Anita 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to develop a total quality index and examine the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms stored for 22 days at 4 °C. Mushrooms were packaged under three MAPs: high nitrogen packaging (HNP), low carbon dioxide packaging (LCP) and low oxygen packaging (LOP). Passive MAP with air inside initially was used as the atmosphere treatment (AIR).RESULTSThis research revealed two phases in quality deterioration of A. bisporus mushrooms. During the first week, most of the quality parameters were not statistically different. Thereafter, odor intensities were stronger for all four types of packaging. Color difference and browning index values showed significantly lower color changes for AIR and LOP compared with HNP and LCP mushrooms.CONCLUSIONThe best total quality index was calculated for LOP, followed by LCP and AIR. The findings of this study are useful with respect to examining two‐component MAPs, separating the limiting factors (O2 and CO2) and evaluating quality deterioration effects and the total quality index of A. bisporus mushrooms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental and theoretical study of the influence of water on hydrolyzed product formation during the feruloylation of vegetable oil
Authors: Compton David L , Evans Kervin O , Appell Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeruloylated vegetable oil is a valuable green bioproduct that has several cosmeceutical applications associated with its inherent anti‐oxidant and ultraviolet‐absorption properties. Hydrolyzed vegetable oil by‐products can influence product quality and consistency.RESULTSThe formation of by‐products by residual water in the enzymatic synthesis of feruloylated vegetable oil was investigated using chemical theory and experimental studies by monitoring the reaction over a 22‐day period. The hydrolysis of vegetable oil is thermodynamically favored over the hydrolysis of the ethyl ferulate starting material. These results suggest that hydrolyzed vegetable oil products will be experimentally observed in greater concentrations compared to hydrolyzed ethyl ferulate products.CONCLUSIONQuantum chemical studies identified several reaction mechanisms that explain the formation of side products by water, suggesting that residual water influences product quality. Efforts to reduce residual water can improve product consistency and reduce purification costs. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Influence of surface texture shape, geometry and orientation on hydrodynamic lubrication performance of plane‐to‐plane slider surfaces
Authors: Uddin M. S. , Ibatan Tom , Shankar S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of surface texturing on the tribological performance of hydrodynamic slider surfaces. The geometric parameters of the texture considered were the texture shape, bottom profile, orientation and depth. A theoretical model based on the steady‐state Reynolds equation was solved numerically by finite difference method to analyse the effect of surface texturing. The optimum geometry of each texture shape was determined, for which, the film thickness was maximised and the friction coefficient was minimised. Among all the shapes, the square with a single wedge bottom profile outperformed. The performance of the triangle, the chevron and the ellipse was highly influenced by their orientation with respect to the sliding direction. Texture density was found to be more dominant in impacting the tribological performance than the texture aspect ratio. The results obtained were further discussed with respect to the studies available in literature to emphasise the significance of the findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Modification, and Electrochemical Properties of Polypentafluorophenylacetylene (Co)Polymers
Authors: Bhebhe Mathamsanqa N. , De Eulate Eva Alvarez , Pei Yiwen , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Roth Peter J. , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: November 2016

(Co)Polymers containing pentafluorophenylacetylene (F5PA) have been prepared for the first time mediated by [Rh(nbd)Cl]2/NEt3 to give materials with properties typical of poly(phenylacetylene)s prepared with this catalyst/co‐catalyst combination. It is demonstrated that the F5PA repeat units in these new (co)polymers serve as convenient reactive species for post‐polymerization modification with thiols via para‐fluoro aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions to give an entirely new family of novel thioether‐functional polyene materials accompanied by absorption maxima shifts of up to 130 nm. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these new fluorinated polyene materials are briefly examined and the distinct difference in behavior of the F5PA homopolymer versus polyphenylacetylene, copolymers, and functional derivatives is highlighted.
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