bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone lesion absorbed dose profiles in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with molecular radiotherapy
Authors: Denis-Bacelar Ana M , Chittenden Sarah J , McCready V Ralph , Divoli Antigoni , Dearnaley David P , O’Sullivan Joe M , Johnson Bernadette , Flux Glenn D 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to calculate the range of absorbed doses that could potentially be delivered by a variety of radiopharmaceuticals and typical fixed administered activities used for bone pain palliation in a cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The methodology for the extrapolation of the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and absorbed doses from a given to an alternative radiopharmaceutical is presented.

Methods:
Sequential single photon emission CT images from 22 patients treated with 5 GBq of 186Re-HEDP were used to extrapolate the time–activity curves for various radiopharmaceuticals. Cumulated activity distributions for the delivered and extrapolated treatment plans were converted into absorbed dose distributions using the convolution dosimetry method. The lesion absorbed doses obtained for the different treatments were compared using the patient population distributions and cumulative dose–volume histograms.

Results:
The median lesion absorbed doses across the patient cohort ranged from 2.7 Gy (range: 0.6–11.8 Gy) for 1100 MBq of 166Ho-DOTMP to 21.8 Gy (range: 4.5–117.6 Gy) for 150 MBq of 89Sr-dichloride. 32P-Na3PO4, 153Sm-EDTMP, 166Ho-DOTMP, 177Lu-EDTMP and 188Re-HEDP would have delivered 41, 32, 85, 20 and 64% lower absorbed doses, for the typical administered activities as compared to 186Re-HEDP, respectively, whilst 89Sr-dichloride would have delivered 25% higher absorbed doses.

Conclusion:
For the patient cohort studied, a wide range of absorbed doses would have been delivered for typical administration protocols in mCRPC. The methodology presented has potential use for emerging theragnostic agents.

Advances in knowledge:
The same patient cohort can receive a range of lesion absorbed doses from typical molecular radiotherapy treatments for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, highlighting the need to establish absorbed dose response relationships and to treat patients according to absorbed dose instead of using fixed administered activities.
Unintended doses in radiotherapy—over, under and outside?
Authors: Eaton David J , Byrne John P , Cosgrove Vivian P , Thomas Simon J 
Published: January 2018

Radiotherapy is a safe treatment; nevertheless, national reporting of serious incidents allows investigation of potential harm to individuals and failing safety culture. UK guidance has previously been limited to overexposures, but underexposures will be included in the new legislation, and positioning errors have also been explicitly included in recent guidance. This commentary reviews current guidance and suggests practical approaches to the additional categories, including the definition of a local error margin.
Les Religions Représentent-elles un Risque pour les Droits de L’homme en France?
Authors: Nascimento Germana Aguiar Ribeiro do , Añón Roig Maria José 
Published: January 2018

Le 13 novembre 2015 la France a été frappé par le terrorisme au nom d'un supposé idéal religieux. De ce fait une question se pose : les religions représenteraient-elles un danger pour les droits de l'homme en France ? Pour mieux comprendre la conjoncture actuelle il est nécessaire de réfléchir à la relation particulière qu'a entretenu la France avec les faits religieux tout au long de l'histoire. Il est possible de vérifier que L'Etat de droit a voulu encadrer les religions pour limiter les menaces possibles à travers le principe de laïcité. Ce principe est le plus cohérent pour la garantie des droits de l'homme dans un Etat démocratique. Cependant, a force de vouloir protéger les droits de l'homme d'une possible menace religieuse, la France a adopté un modèle de laïcité qui peut mettre en danger les libertés religieuses. Il s'agira donc d'étudier, premièrement, l'encadrement des religions qui a été réalisé au nom des droits de l'homme au cours de l'histoire, pour après analyser la laïcité comme mesure des religions. Pour cela, la méthodologie qualitative sera utilisée. La recherche documentaire, l'étude de la jurisprudence et de la législation permettront de regrouper les renseignements relatifs au sujet.
(In) consonância da tutela antecipada no CPC de 2015 com o Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Rodrigues Edmilson Araujo , Veloso Cynara Silde Mesquita 
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se neste artigo analisar a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada no NCPC de 2015 com enfoque na teoria neoinstitucionalista do processo. A partir dessa matriz teórica, questiona-se: será que a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada no NCPC de 2015 está em consonância com o Estado democrático de direito? Para responder ao enigma em questão, o caminho metodológico da pesquisa será classificado quanto à forma de abordagem de qualitativa e do ponto de vista dos seus objetivos será exploratória. No que tange aos procedimentos técnicos adotados na análise, a pesquisa será definida como bibliográfica e documental, uma vez que será utilizado um referencial teórico por meio de doutrinas e da legislação pertinente. Os resultados da investigação levaram a considerar que, embora o instituto em destaque seja importante, há, pois, uma incongruência no que se refere ao acesso igualitário à justiça pensada na perspectiva dos litigantes. Assim, percebe-se a não possibilidade do contraditório e da ampla defesa para o polo passivo da relação processual em consonância com o princípio da igualdade pensado de forma recíproca. Essa restrição se refere à impossibilidade da participação do réu na fase preliminar do processo, uma vez que, ao ser concedida a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada pelo modelo atual, o demandado fica submetido a uma decisão sem que tenha previamente participado do debate processual e contribuído com o resultado da decisão em respeito ao princípio da cooperação e do contraditório, alinhados ao poder de influência atinente ao direito das partes. Por conseguinte, o estudo considerou também que a tutela antecipada da forma como é normatizada, embora seja uma alternativa para “o autor que tem razão” - na expressão cunhada or Marinoni; não se mostra razoável, dentro da perspectiva do devido processo legal. Diante disso, pode-se concluir que a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada deve ser aperfeiçoada e, com isso, acrescentar a audiência de justificação prévia obrigatória na fase inicial do processo no qual será respeitado o princípio do contraditório, da ampla defesa e da isonomia.
Sujeição de direitos, meio ambiente e antropocentrismo alargado
Authors: Avanci Thiago Felipe De Souza 
Published: January 2018

Muitos questionamentos pairam sobre o real papel do ser humano nas ciências e, do mesmo modo, se este papel poderia ser desempenhado por figuras não humanas. Já a partir da modernidade, iniciou-se um vigoroso embate, com altos e baixos, sobre a possibilidade de se atribuir aos animais, à natureza e a outras entidades não humanas o papel de sujeitos de direitos. A partir de algumas ponderações desenvolvidas pela análise do antropocentrismo alargado, o presente trabalho tenciona demonstrar a capacidade de uma ciência com um sujeito humano, porém preocupado com as necessidades do ambiente.
O Impacto da desvinculação de Receitas da União nas Políticas Públicas de Saúde
Authors: Floriani Neto Antonio Bazilio , Pamplona Danielle Anne 
Published: January 2018

A Constituição de 1988 implementou o modelo de Seguridade Social em solo pátrio, composto pela Previdência, pela Assistência e pela Saúde. Trata-se de direitos sociais, de segunda dimensão, que necessitam de um agir do aparelho estatal. Para os fins do presente artigo, o corte metodológico é realizado na Saúde e, em especial, na forma com que a ordem estabelecida propôs para efetivá-la: mediante políticas públicas. Para atingir essa finalidade, é indispensável a existência de recursos. E o orçamento da Seguridade Social é afetado, diretamente, por um instituto denominado Desvinculação de Receitas da União (DRU), responsável por atribuir finalidade diversa ao montante arrecadado a título de contribuições sociais. Assim, resta controversa a premissa de ausência de recursos financeiros para o Estado fornecer a devida proteção ao indivíduo nessa seara, sendo o objetivo deste artigo aprofundar o conhecimento do tema. Para atingir esse desiderato, o trabalho abordou inicialmente a seguridade social brasileira, com enfoque no SUS, para então examinar as políticas públicas de saúde, o seu financiamento e, por fim, a DRU.
Comunidades Epistêmicas e a Produção dos Decretos de Indulto no Brasil
Authors: Machado Bruno Amaral , Alves Reinaldo Rossano 
Published: January 2018

O artigo analisa o papel do Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP) na edição dos decretos de indulto no Brasil, retomando o conceito de comunidades epistêmicas. No Brasil, o órgão encarregado de elaborar a minuta do decreto de indulto é o Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP), que a remete, via Ministro da Justiça, à Presidência da República para apreciação e publicação posterior do decreto. Assim, a pesquisa articulou-se a partir de dois problemas: identificar se o CNPCP pode ser descrito como comunidade epistêmica que orienta a produção de indultos no Brasil e, caso positivo, se nele há uma visão teórica hegemônica/compartilhada. Para a resposta aos problemas, utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo, complementada com entrevistas em profundidade de membros e ex-membros do CNPCP. Concluiu-se que o CNPCP é uma comunidade epistêmica que orienta a produção de indulto no Brasil e que, nos últimos anos, nota-se que seus membros compartilham ideário predominantemente minimalista, variável relevante para compreender o aumento das hipóteses de incidência e flexibilização das regras da concessão do benefício. De outro ângulo, a produção dos decretos de indultos insere-se no âmbito político, de competência da Presidência da República, o que se depreende quando, em contextos sociais e políticos específicos, o Presidente da República, ao definir o conteúdo dos decretos de indulto, editou decretos distintos daqueles propostos pelo CNPCP, a despeito do conhecimento técnico da comunidade integrante desse órgão.
GAC: Gene Associations with Clinical, a web based application
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Rupji Manali , Kowalski Jeanne 
Published: January 2018

We present GAC, a shiny R based tool for interactive visualization of clinical associations based on high-dimensional data. The tool provides a web-based suite to perform supervised principal component analysis (SuperPC), an approach that uses both high-dimensional data, such as gene expression, combined with clinical data to infer clinical associations. We extended the approach to address binary outcomes, in addition to continuous and time-to-event data in our package, thereby increasing the use and flexibility of SuperPC. Additionally, the tool provides an interactive visualization for summarizing results based on a forest plot for both binary and time-to-event data. In summary, the GAC suite of tools provide a one stop shop for conducting statistical analysis to identify and visualize the association between a clinical outcome of interest and high-dimensional data types, such as genomic data. Our GAC package has been implemented in R and is available via http://shinygispa.winship.emory.edu/GAC/. The developmental repository is available at https://github.com/manalirupji/GAC.
Diagnostic performances of the fluorescent spot test for G6PD deficiency in newborns along the Thailand-Myanmar border: A cohort study
Authors: Thielemans Laurence , Gornsawun Gornpan , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Paw Moo Kho , Porn Pen , Moo Paw Khu , Van Overmeire Bart , Proux Stephane , Nosten François , McGready Rose , Carrara Verena I. , Bancone Germana 
Published: January 2018

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited enzymatic disorder associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and acute haemolysis after exposure to certain drugs or infections. The disorder can be diagnosed phenotypically with a fluorescent spot test (FST), which is a simple test that requires training and basic laboratory equipment. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performances of the FST used on umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and to compare test results of the neonates at birth with the results after one month of age. Methods: We conducted a cohort study on newborns at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, along the Thai-Myanmar border between January 2015 and May 2016. The FST was performed at birth on the umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and quality controlled by specialised technicians at the central laboratory. The FST was repeated after one month of age. Genotyping for common local G6PD mutations was carried out for all discrepant results. Results: FST was performed on 1521 umbilical cord blood samples. Quality control and genotyping revealed 10 misdiagnoses. After quality control, 10.7% of the males (84/786) and 1.2% of the females (9/735) were phenotypically G6PD deficient at birth. The FST repeated at one month of age or later diagnosed 8 additional G6PD deficient infants who were phenotypically normal at birth. Conclusions: This study shows the short-comings of the G6PD FST in neonatal routine screening and highlights the importance of training and quality control. A more conservative interpretation of the FST in male newborns could increase the diagnostic performances. Quantitative point-of-care tests might show higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of G6PD deficiency on umbilical cord blood and should be investigated.
IS THE CLUB CONVERGENCE HYPOTHESIS VALID FOR TURKEY TOURISM MARKET?
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Öztürk Erdoğan , Güngör Şule 
Published: January 2018

This study empirically revisits and investigates the tourism convergence via using the convergence club algorithm developed by Phillips and Sul (2007: Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests. Econometrica.75, 1771–1855). Abbott, De Vita and Altinay (2012: Revisiting The Convergence Hypothesis For Tourism Markets: Evidence From Turkey Using The Pairwise Approach. Tourism Management, 33, 537-544.) not to support club convergence hypothesis valid for Turkey tourism market. Yilanci and Eris (2012: Are tourism markets of Turkey converging or not? A Fourier stationary analysis. Anatolia, 23, 207-216 ) and, Ozcan and Erdogan (2015: Are Turkey's tourism markets converging? Evidence from the two-step LM and three-step RALS-LM unit root. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-18 ) support convergence hypothesis valid for some Turkey tourism market among countries. Therefore, unlike the findings of previously studies, we submit a club convergence for Turkey.
Genetic Evidence That Carbohydrate-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Leads to Obesity
Authors: Astley Christina M , Todd Jennifer N , Salem Rany M , Vedantam Sailaja , Ebbeling Cara B , Huang Paul L , Ludwig David S , Hirschhorn Joel N , Florez Jose C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A fundamental precept of the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity is that insulin secretion drives weight gain. However, fasting hyperinsulinemia can also be driven by obesity-induced insulin resistance. We used genetic variation to isolate and estimate the potentially causal effect of insulin secretion on body weight.

METHODS
Genetic instruments of variation of insulin secretion [assessed as insulin concentration 30 min after oral glucose (insulin-30)] were used to estimate the causal relationship between increased insulin secretion and body mass index (BMI), using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis of genome-wide association studies. Data sources included summary results from the largest published metaanalyses of predominantly European ancestry for insulin secretion (n = 26037) and BMI (n = 322154), as well as individual-level data from the UK Biobank (n = 138541). Data from the Cardiology and Metabolic Patient Cohort study at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 1675) were used to validate genetic associations with insulin secretion and to test the observational association of insulin secretion and BMI.

RESULTS
Higher genetically determined insulin-30 was strongly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.098, P = 2.2 × 10−21), consistent with a causal role in obesity. Similar positive associations were noted in sensitivity analyses using other genetic variants as instrumental variables. By contrast, higher genetically determined BMI was not associated with insulin-30.

CONCLUSIONS
Mendelian randomization analyses provide evidence for a causal relationship of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on body weight, consistent with the carbohydrate–insulin model of obesity.
Expression of miR-373 and its predicted target genes E-cadherin and CD44 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Timirci-Kahraman í–zlem , Verim Ayşegül , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Turan Saime , í–zkan-Küçük Nazli Ezgi , Yaylim ć°lhan 
Published: January 2018

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a genomically complex disease that is difficult to target, and efforts have been made to identify new treatment strategies and molecular markers that might stratify patients and individualize options for treatment. miR-373 has diametrically opposed roles in different stages and types of cancers. miR-373 has been suggested to quantitatively control E-cadherin and CD44 expression. We studied the expression of miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluated the association between the disease and clinical characteristics of patients. Tumor tissues were collected from 24 laryngeal cancer patients. Adjacent normal tissue samples were also obtained as controls. After RNA isolation, we assessed the miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 levels. As endogenous controls, we used the small RNA U6 and GAPDH TaqMan® to normalize the levels of expression of miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44. The fold change in the expression of the genes in larynx tumor and control tissues was calculated using the 2-Î”Î”CT method. miR-373 was significantly upregulated in seventeen tumor samples compared to controls. However, the expression levels of both E-cadherin and CD44 mRNA were found to be significantly downregulated in tumor versus control regions (p=0.026 and p=0.005, respectively). We did not find any significant difference in the expression levels of miR-373, E-cadherin or CD44 and cancer risk factors. miR-373, E-cadherin and CD44 may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. It can be suggested that E-cadherin and CD44 are functional targets of miR-373, but we need further studies to investigate this hypothesis.
Protective effect of gel form of gastric gavage applicated aloe vera on ischemia reperfusion injury in renal and lung tissue
Authors: Sahin Hasan , Yener Ali Umit , Karaboga Ihsan , Sehitoglu Muserref Hilal , Dogu Tugba , Altinisik Hatice Betul , Altinisik Ugur , Simsek Tuncer 
Published: January 2018

The aloe vera plant has become increasingly popular in recent years. This study aimed to research the effect of aloe vera to prevent renal and lung tissue damage in an experimental ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury model. The study included 21 male Wistar Albino rats, which were categorized into control group, n = 7 (no procedures), Sham group n = 7 (I/R); and aloe vera therapy group, n = 7 (aloe vera and I/R). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated from lung and kidney tissues for biochemical investigations. As histopathological, hematoxylin and eosin and anti-iNOS were also examined. In biochemical investigations, SOD, CAT, and GPx levels of the Sham group were found to be lower compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The aloe vera therapy group was not statistically different from control groups but significantly different compared with the Sham group. In the same way, the MDA levels of kidney and lung tissues were statistically significant in the aloe vera therapy group, compared to the Sham group. In the Sham group, the peribronchial and perialveolar edema were observed in lung parenchyma. Also, excess interstitial hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and alveolar wall thickening were identified in ischemic groups. The histopathological changes were much lighter than in the aloe vera therapy group. In renal tissues, excess epithelial cell deterioration, tubular desqumination, and glomerular atrophy were observed in the Sham group. The histopathological changes were markedly reduced in the aloe vera therapy group. In the kidney and lung tissue, the level of iNOS activity in the Sham group was significantly higher than in the control and aloe vera therapy group. This study indicated that aloe vera is protective against oxidative damage formed by I/R in distant organs like the lungs and kidneys.
The Stress-Induced Transcription Factor NR4A1 Adjusts Mitochondrial Function and Synapse Number in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Jeanneteau Freddy , Barrère Christian , Vos Mariska , De Vries Carlie J.M. , Rouillard Claude , Levesque Daniel , Dromard Yann , Moisan Marie-Pierre , Duric Vanja , Franklin Tina C. , Duman Ronald S. , Lewis David A. , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Arango-Lievano Margarita 
Published: January 2018

The energetic costs of behavioral chronic stress are unlikely to be sustainable without neuronal plasticity. Mitochondria have the capacity to handle synaptic activity up to a limit before energetic depletion occurs. Protective mechanisms driven by the induction of neuronal genes likely evolved to buffer the consequences of chronic stress on excitatory neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), as this circuitry is vulnerable to excitotoxic insults. Little is known about the genes involved in mitochondrial adaptation to the buildup of chronic stress. Using combinations of genetic manipulations and stress for analyzing structural, transcriptional, mitochondrial, and behavioral outcomes, we characterized NR4A1 as a stress-inducible modifier of mitochondrial energetic competence and dendritic spine number in PFC. NR4A1 acted as a transcription factor for changing the expression of target genes previously involved in mitochondrial uncoupling, AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and synaptic growth. Maintenance of NR4A1 activity by chronic stress played a critical role in the regressive synaptic organization in PFC of mouse models of stress (male only). Knockdown, dominant-negative approach, and knockout ofNr4a1in mice and rats (male only) protected pyramidal neurons against the adverse effects of chronic stress. In human PFC tissues of men and women, high levels of the transcriptionally active NR4A1 correlated with measures of synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. In the context of chronic stress, prolonged expression and activity of NR4A1 may lead to responses of mitochondria and synaptic connectivity that do not match environmental demand, resulting in circuit malfunction between PFC and other brain regions, constituting a pathological feature across disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe bioenergetic cost of chronic stress is too high to be sustainable by pyramidal prefrontal neurons. Cellular checkpoints have evolved to adjust the responses of mitochondria and synapses to the buildup of chronic stress. NR4A1 plays such a role by controlling the energetic competence of mitochondria with respect to synapse number. As an immediate-early gene,Nr4a1promotes neuronal plasticity, but sustained expression or activity can be detrimental. NR4A1 expression and activity is sustained by chronic stress in animal models and in human studies of neuropathologies sensitive to the buildup of chronic stress. Therefore, antagonism of NR4A1 is a promising avenue for preventing the regressive synaptic reorganization in cortical systems in the context of chronic stress.