bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines on dermatomyositis – excerpt from the interdisciplinary S2k guidelines on myositis syndromes by the German Society of Neurology
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Nast Alexander , Worm Margitta , Dengler Reinhard , Dörner Thomas , Ganter Horst , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Melms Arthur , Melzer Nico , Rösler Kai , Schmidt Jens , Sinnreich Michael , Walter Maggi C. , Wanschitz Julia , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe present guidelines on dermatomyositis (DM) represent an excerpt from the interdisciplinary S2k guidelines on myositis syndromes of the German Society of Neurology (available at www.awmf.org). The cardinal symptom of myositis in DM is symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. Elevated creatine kinase, CRP or ESR as well as electromyography and muscle biopsy also provide important diagnostic clues. Pharyngeal, respiratory, cardiac, and neck muscles may also be affected. Given that approximately 30 % of patients also develop interstitial lung disease, pulmonary function tests should be part of the diagnostic workup. Although the cutaneous manifestations in DM are variable, taken together, they represent a characteristic and crucial diagnostic criterion for DM. Approximately 5–20 % of individuals exhibit typical skin lesions without any clinically manifest muscle involvement (amyopathic DM). About 30 % of adult DM cases are associated with a malignancy. This fact, however, should not delay the treatment of severe myositis.Corticosteroids are the therapy of choice in myositis (1–2 mg/kg). Additional immunosuppressive therapy is frequently required (azathioprine, for children methotrexate). In case of insufficient therapeutic response, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins is justified. The benefit of rituximab has not been conclusively ascertained yet. Acute therapeutic management is usually followed by low‐dose maintenance therapy for one to three years. Skin lesions do not always respond sufficiently to myositis therapy. Effective treatment for such cases consists of topical corticosteroids and sometimes also calcineurin inhibitors. Systemic therapies shown to be effective include antimalarial agents (also in combination), methotrexate, and corticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulins or rituximab may also be helpful. UV protection is an important prophylactic measure.
Identification of candidate genes in atopic dermatitis based on bioinformatic methods
Authors: Ding Yingguo , Shao Xia , Li Xiaomin , Zhai You , Zhang Yu , Wang Su , Fang Hong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or relapsing inflammatory disorder of the skin that frequently precedes asthma and allergic disorders. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to AD using bioinformatic methods.MethodsThe microarray data of GSE32924, including 12 nonlesional AD (ANL) and 13 lesional AD (AL) skin samples obtained from 14 patients with AD as well as eight other normal human skin samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in ANL and AL skin samples compared with normal controls, followed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, the selected overlapping DEGs were analyzed to identify co‐expressed genes, and a co‐expression network was established. GeneCodis database was selected for functional annotation of the differentially co‐expressed genes and a regulatory network was constructed.ResultsCompared with normal controls, 438 DEGs were identified in ANL skin samples and were mainly enriched in two pathways and the GO terms associated with epidermis development. Besides, 779 DEGs were identified in AL skin samples and were mainly enriched in four pathways and GO terms associated with immune response. Stimulated by retinoic acid 13 (STRA13), presenilin enhancer gamma secretase subunit (PSENEN), and nucleosome assembly protein 1‐like 2 (NAP1L2) were significantly enriched by integration analysis of the co‐expression and regulatory network.ConclusionGenes STRA13, PSENEN, and NAP1L2 were presumed to play critical roles in AD and they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of AD.
Reconstructing ancient Mediterranean crossroads in Deronectes diving beetles
Authors: García‐Vázquez David , Bilton David T. , Alonso Rocío , Benetti Cesar J. , Garrido Josefina , Valladares Luis F. , Ribera Ignacio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo reconstruct the evolutionary history of a genus of freshwater beetle with a pan‐Mediterranean distribution, to test classic hypotheses which proposed a Miocene origin for groups with high biodiversity in the Iberian and Anatolian peninsulas.LocationMediterranean basin.MethodsWe sequenced four mitochondrial and one nuclear gene from 51 specimens of 30 of the c. 60 extant species of Deronectes (Dytiscidae), all typical of mid‐mountain streams from North Africa and Iberia over most of Europe to the Middle East. We used maximum likelihood, Bayesian probabilities with an a priori evolutionary rate and a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model to reconstruct their biogeographical history.ResultsDeronectes has two major lineages which originated in the mid Miocene; one including mostly eastern and another mainly western and central Mediterranean species. From these two areas, range expansions, mainly at the end of the Miocene and beginning of the Pliocene, resulted in the many species groups and some of the extant species of the genus. Most of the current diversity and distributions are, however, of Plio‐Pleistocene origin, particularly in widespread European species.Main conclusionsIn line with traditional hypotheses, we found an ancient division between eastern and western Mediterranean lineages of Deronectes, likely resulting from the isolation of Europe west of the Alps from the Balkans and Anatolia during the early‐middle Miocene. The history of the genus was strongly influenced by major geological and climatic events, with successive cycles of fragmentation and subsequent eastward and westward range expansions, resulting in a steady accumulation of species across the basin. Most of these range movements took place through the north side of the Mediterranean, with only local displacements in the south during the Messinian salinity crisis and a recent (Pleistocene) colonization of the Italian Peninsula, which remained largely submerged through most of the genus’ evolutionary history.
The effect of area and isolation on insular dwarf proboscideans
Authors: van der Geer Alexandra A. E. , van den Bergh Gerrit D. , Lyras George A. , Prasetyo Unggul W. , Due Rokus Awe , Setiyabudi Erick , Drinia Hara 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimWe investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of fossil elephants is directly related to isolation and surface area of the focal islands.LocationPalaeo‐islands worldwide.MethodsWe assembled data on the geographical characteristics (area and isolation) of islands and body size evolution of palaeo‐insular species for 22 insular species of fossil elephants across 17 islands.ResultsOur results support the generality of the island rule in the sense that all but one of the elephants experienced dwarfism on islands. The smallest islands generally harbour the smallest elephants. We found no support for the hypothesis that body size of elephants declines with island isolation. Body size is weakly and positively correlated with island area for proboscideans as a whole, but more strongly correlated for Stegodontidae when considered separately. Average body size decrease is much higher when competitors are present.Main conclusionsBody size in insular elephants is not significantly correlated with the isolation of an island. Surface area, however, is a significant predictor of body size. The correlation is positive but relatively weak; c. 23% of the variation is explained by surface area. Body size variation seems most strongly influenced by ecological interactions with competitors, possibly followed by time in isolation. Elephants exhibited far more extreme cases of dwarfism than extant insular mammals, which is consistent with the substantially more extended period of deep geological time that the selective pressures could act on these insular populations.
Understanding MOOC students: motivations and behaviours indicative of MOOC completion
Authors: Pursel B.K. , Zhang L. , Jablokow K.W. , Choi G.W. , Velegol D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) continue to appear across the higher education landscape, originating from many institutions in the USA and around the world. MOOCs typically have low completion rates, at least when compared with traditional courses, as this course delivery model is very different from traditional, fee‐based models, such as college courses. This research examined MOOC student demographic data, intended behaviours and course interactions to better understand variables that are indicative of MOOC completion. The results lead to ideas regarding how these variables can be used to support MOOC students through the application of learning analytics tools and systems.
The Lived Experience of Childbearing From Survivors of Sexual Abuse: “It Was the Best of Times, It Was the Worst of Times”
Authors: LoGiudice Jenna A. , Beck Cheryl T. 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionIn the United States, one in every 5 women will experience sexual violence. Survivors are at risk for difficult pregnancies, substance abuse, stress, fear, and preterm births. A history of sexual abuse can impact several aspects of a woman's childbirth, thereby affecting her long‐term physical and emotional well‐being. The adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with the prevalence of sexual abuse, underscore the need for research to understand survivors’ experiences.MethodsThis study's purpose was to understand the lived experience of pregnancy, labor, and birth from survivors. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological research design was utilized. The purposeful sample included 8 female, self‐identifying survivors of sexual abuse with at least one childbearing experience.ResultsAnalysis identified 302 significant statements that formed 7 overarching themes: 1) No one asked me. Just ask me!; 2) An emotional roller coaster: From excitement to grief for what could have been a better experience; 3) All of a sudden I was that little girl again and/or I compartmentalized it: The all‐or‐nothing experience; 4) Am I even here?: Nothing was explained and I had no voice; 5) All too familiar: No support, nowhere to turn; 6) Holding on to the choices I can make: Who my doctor is and how I feed my baby; and 7) Overprotection: Keeping my child safe.DiscussionThe final result was the essence of childbearing for survivors in this study. They were not screened for a history of sexual abuse. Enjoyment and excitement were juxtaposed with guilt and fear. They had no voice, lacked support, and overwhelmingly desired control. They overprotected their children, from infancy into adulthood. The childbearing experience was a complex, emotional roller coaster permeated by the past. Women's health care providers can utilize the results to provide therapeutic care to survivors to prevent revictimization. The results elucidate the importance of screening for a history of sexual abuse and discussing the implications such a history can have on the childbearing experience.
Reducing Complexity by Creating Complexity: A Systems Theory Perspective on How Organizations Respond to Their Environments
Authors: Schneider Anselm , Wickert Christopher , Marti Emilio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOrganizations have to cope with the complexity of their environment in order to survive. A considerable body of research has shown that organizations may respond to environmental complexity by creatinginternal complexity– for example, by expanding internal structures and processes. However, researchers know less about how organizations createcollaborative complexitycollectively – for example, by establishing alliances or developing common standards. This paper uses social systems theory to explore how organizations collaborate in response to complexity and to analyse the conditions under which they create either internal or collaborative complexity (or both) to address environmental complexity. It also examines how these types of complexity feed back into environmental complexity. To illustrate our conceptual model, we use corporate social responsibility (CSR).
The Impact of Core/Veneer Thickness Ratio and Cyclic Loading on Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate Crown
Authors: Nawafleh Noor , Hatamleh Muhanad M. , Öchsner Andreas , Mack Florian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of core/veneer thickness ratio on the fracture strength of lithium disilicate crowns subjected to cyclic loading in a simulated oral environment.Materials and MethodsA typodont molar tooth received a standard complete crown preparation according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sixty lithium disilicate crowns were prepared and assigned to three groups with the following core/veneer thickness ratios A: 0.7 (0.6/0.9), B: 1.1 (0.8/0.7), and C: 2 (1.0/0.5). The cores were milled from lithium disilicate e.max CAD blocks and hand‐layered using e.max Ceram. Ten specimens from each group acted as control, while the remaining ten specimens were subjected to thermal mechanical loading in a chewing simulator. All specimens were then subjected to the single load to fracture test at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA, Tukey multiple comparison test, Pearson correlation test, and quadratic regression (p < 0.05).ResultsAll crowns survived fatigue testing with no signs of fractures or chipping, resulting in a 100% survival rate. The mean fracture load values for control and corresponding fatigued specimens (N) were 1075 and 987 for group A, 1548 and 1482 for group B, and 1455 and 1163 for group C. Increasing the core/veneer thickness ratio from 0.7 to 1.1 significantly increased the fracture load of the crowns; however, a further increase in the ratio up to 2 did not affect the fracture load compared to the 1.1 ratio (p > 0.05). The increase in core thickness significantly positively correlated with the fracture force for control specimens (r = 0.76; p < 0.05). After single load to fracture, crowns predominantly failed by bulk fracture, including the whole thickness of the crowns. Fracture modes were categorized according to fracture path and number of fractured pieces.ConclusionsCrowns with a 1.1 (0.8/0.7) core/veneer thickness ratio showed the optimum fracture load among control and fatigued groups. Reducing the core thickness from 0.8 mm to 0.6 mm decreased the fracture load significantly, while increasing it to 1.0 mm showed no statistical effect. Cyclic loading in a simulated oral environment did not significantly affect fracture strength of veneered lithium disilicate crowns in any of the tested groups.
Modulation of IL‐12 and IFNγ by probiotic supplementation promotes protection against Toxocara canis infection in mice
Authors: de Avila L. F. d. C. , de Leon P. M. M. , de Moura M. Q. , Berne M. E. A. , Scaini C. J. , Leivas Leite F. P. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this study, supplementation with the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii promoted a reduction in intensity of infection by Toxocara canis and modulates cytokines mRNA expression in experimentally infected mice. IL‐12 gene transcription had 40‐fold increase in S. boulardii supplemented uninfected mice and sevenfold increase in supplemented infected mice comparing with not supplemented group. Regarding IFNγ, similar results were observed, since probiotic supplementation induced approximately 43‐fold increase, but only in uninfected mice (P < 0·05). T. canis infection upregulated IL‐10 expression while S. boulardii downregulated it and no change was observed for IL‐4. Thus, based in these findings; we suggest that one possible mechanism responsible for S. boulardii protection effect against T. canis infection is by the modulation of cytokines expression, especially IL‐12.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Mesorhizobium
sp. UFLA 01-765, a Multitolerant, Efficient Symbiont and Plant Growth-Promoting Strain Isolated from Zn-Mining Soil Using
Leucaena leucocephala
as a Trap Plant
Authors: Rangel Wesley Melo , Thijs Sofie , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza , Weyens Nele , Vangronsveld Jaco , Van Hamme Jonathan D. , Bottos Eric M. , Rineau Francois 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the 7.4-Mb draft genome sequence of
Mesorhizobium
sp. strain UFLA 01-765, a Gram-negative bacterium of the
Phyllobacteriaceae
isolated from Zn-mining soil in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This strain promotes plant growth, efficiently fixes N
2
in symbiosis with
Leucaena leucocephala
on multicontaminated soil, and has potential for application in bioremediation of marginal lands.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Escherichia coli
Strain SEC470, Isolated from a Piglet Experiencing Diarrhea
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Song Li , Cai Yinghua , Wang Yashan , Yu Lei 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
strain SEC470 is a diarrhea-causing strain, isolated from a piglet experiencing serious diarrhea in Jingxi Province, China. Here, we present the draft genome of this strain, which provides the genetic basis for exploring the mechanism of enterotoxigenic
E. coli
infections.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Kocuria rhizophila
RF, a Radiation-Resistant Soil Isolate
Authors: Mehrabadi Jalil Fallah , Mirzaie Amir , Ahangar Nahid , Rahimi Arian , Rokni-Zadeh Hassan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Kocuria rhizophila
RF, a soil isolate from Iran, is a radiation-resistant bacterium. Only a limited amount of genomic information for radiation-resistant bacteria is currently available. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium, providing knowledge to aid in the discovery of the genomic basis of its resistance to radiation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Commercial Textile Dye-Decolorizing and -Degrading
Bacillus subtilis
Strain C3 Isolated in India
Authors: Kunadia Khushbu , Nathani Neelam M. , Kothari Vishal , Kotadia Rohit J. , Kothari Charmy R. , Joshi Anjali , Rank Jalpa K. , Faldu Priti R. , Shekar M. Chandra , Viroja Mitkumar J. , Patel Priyank A. , Jadeja Divyarajsinh , Reddy Bhaskar , Pal Singh Ravindra , Koringa Prakash G. , Joshi Chaitanya G. , Kothari Ramesh K. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
C3, a commercial textile dye-decolorizing and -degrading bacterium, was isolated from the common effluent treatment plant (CEPT) of the Jetpur textile dyeing and printing industrial sector situated in the district of Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Here, we present the annotated 4.18-Mb draft genome sequence of
B. subtilis
C3, providing information about the metabolic pathways involved in decolorization and degradation of several commercial textile azo dyes. Thus, we confirm
B. subtilis
C3 as a potential candidate for bioremediation of textile effluents.
Is there a role for a local inpatient CT coronary angiography service in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome? A cohort analysis of inpatient tertiary centre referrals for invasive coronary angiography
Authors: MacLachlan Hamish , Thomas Ranji , Langtree Jessica , Hare Chris , Mitchell Andrew R J 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo conduct a retrospective analysis of inpatients referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) at a tertiary centre, with suspected or confirmed acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at Jersey General Hospital. We evaluated 198 inpatients referred for ICA with suspected or confirmed ACS over a 3-year period. Patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. The primary outcome was to identify the number of patients who did not require subsequent coronary intervention following ICA. Patient variables were measured to establish those who met European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria for consideration of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) as an alternative to ICA. Cost of care for those referred for ICA was calculated.ResultsICA demonstrated evidence of coronary heart disease requiring coronary intervention in 119 (60%) of the referred patients. 28 (35%) of the patients not requiring coronary intervention at ICA met ESC criteria for preassessment with CTCA. The cost of care for this subgroup was £9089 per patient. Inpatient CTCA was calculated at £376 per patient.ConclusionsLow-intermediate risk patients presenting with suspected or confirmed ACS to hospitals without onsite coronary revascularisation should be considered for in-hospital CTCA before consideration of ICA. Using CTCA as a gatekeeper for targeted ICA appears cost-effective, particularly for hospitals without the required onsite facilities.
Functional Analysis of a Novel Genome-Wide Association Study Signal in
SMAD3
That Confers Protection From Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Turner Adam W. , Martinuk Amy , Silva Anada , Lau Paulina , Nikpay Majid , Eriksson Per , Folkersen Lasse , Perisic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Soubeyrand Sebastien , McPherson Ruth 
Published: March 2016

Objective—

A recent genome-wide association study meta-analysis identified an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in
SMAD3
, rs56062135C>T, the minor allele (T) which associates with protection from coronary artery disease. Relevant to atherosclerosis, SMAD3 is a key contributor to transforming growth factor-β pathway signaling. Here, we seek to identify ≥1 causal coronary artery disease–associated single nucleotide polymorphisms at the
SMAD3
locus and characterize mechanisms whereby the risk allele(s) contribute to coronary artery disease risk.

Approach and Results—

By genetic and epigenetic fine mapping, we identified a candidate causal single nucleotide polymorphism rs17293632C>T (D′, 0.97;
r
2
, 0.94 with rs56062135) in intron 1 of
SMAD3
with predicted functional effects. We show that the sequence encompassing rs17293632 acts as a strong enhancer in human arterial smooth muscle cells. The common allele (C) preserves an activator protein (AP)-1 site and enhancer function, whereas the protective (T) allele disrupts the AP-1 site and significantly reduces enhancer activity (
P
<0.001). Pharmacological inhibition of AP-1 activity upstream demonstrates that this allele-specific enhancer effect is AP-1 dependent (
P
<0.001). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal binding of several AP-1 component proteins with preferential binding to the (C) allele. We show that rs17293632 is an expression quantitative trait locus for
SMAD3
in blood and atherosclerotic plaque with reduced expression of
SMAD3
in carriers of the protective allele. Finally, siRNA knockdown of
SMAD3
in human arterial smooth muscle cells increases cell viability, consistent with an antiproliferative role.

Conclusions—
The coronary artery disease–associated rs17293632C>T single nucleotide polymorphism represents a novel functional cis-acting element at the SMAD3 locus. The protective (T) allele of rs17293632 disrupts a consensus AP-1 binding site in a SMAD3 intron 1 enhancer, reduces enhancer activity and SMAD3 expression, altering human arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation.