bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping civic experiences in Estonia
Authors: Kaun Anne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe article concerns civic experiences beyond or prior to civic action. Approaching questions of civic culture and democracy by way of the rather broad notion of civic experience, the author suggests that democratic values and processes involving citizens’ participation should be understood as deeply anchored in the lifeworld. The article establishes a view in which civic culture is understood from a holistic perspective as an experience. At the same time, the author is interested in the ways in which media are involved in that process, without assuming their predominance in fostering civic engagement and public connection. Drawing mainly on 20 solicited, open-ended online diaries with young adults from Narva, Tartu, and Tallinn in Estonia and the European Social Survey Round 5, the article proposes civic experience as a helpful notion to overcome the generic divide between utopian and dystopian views on the relationship between media and civic culture.
“True” black metal: The construction of authenticity by Dutch black metal fans
Authors: Kuppens An H. , van der Pol Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the black metal subculture, authenticity is a central concept. While there are ample academic studies devoted to authenticity in hip hop, rock, country, punk, and other music genres, black metal authenticity remains relatively under-researched. This manuscript discusses how black metal fans construct authenticity. In-depth interviews with Dutch black metal fans reveal that they define authenticity along four highly interrelated dimensions: sincerity, commerciality, country of origin, and extremeness. While these dimensions are highly similar to those found in other music genres, our respondents’ constructions of authenticity are far from predictable. More specifically, they are much more complex and flexible than they might appear to outsiders to the subculture. We argue that this complexity is strongly related to the central role invocations of authenticity play in the drawing of boundaries around the subculture, as they ensure that authenticity cannot be easily staged but rather requires a profound investment in the subculture.
A novel plant enzyme with dual activity: an atypical Nudix hydrolase and a dipeptidyl peptidase III
Authors: Karačić Zrinka , Vukelić Bojana , Ho Gabrielle H. , Jozić Iva , Sučec Iva , Salopek-Sondi Branka , Kozlović Marija , Brenner Steven E. , Ludwig-Müller Jutta , Abramić Marija 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn a search for plant homologues of dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) family, we found a predicted protein from the mossPhyscomitrella patens(UniProt entry: A9TLP4), which shared 61% sequence identity with theArabidopsis thalianauncharacterized protein, designated Nudix hydrolase 3. Both proteins contained all conserved regions of the DPP III family, but instead of the characteristic hexapeptide HEXXGH zinc-binding motif, they possessed a pentapeptide HEXXH, and at the N-terminus, a Nudix box, a hallmark of Nudix hydrolases, known to act upon a variety of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. To investigate their biochemical properties, we expressed heterologously and purifiedPhyscomitrella(PpND) andArabidopsis(AtND) protein. Both hydrolyzed, with comparable catalytic efficiency, the isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), a universal precursor for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds. In addition, PpND dephosphorylated four purine nucleotides (ADP, dGDP, dGTP, and 8-oxo-dATP) with strong preference for oxidized dATP. Furthermore, PpND and AtND showed DPP III activity against dipeptidyl-2-arylamide substrates, which they cleaved with different specificity. This is the first report of a dual activity enzyme, highly conserved in land plants, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of a peptide bond and of a phosphate bond, acting both as a dipeptidyl peptidase III and an atypical Nudix hydrolase.
Structural analysis and interaction studies of acyl-carrier protein (acpP) of Staphylococcus aureus, an extraordinarily thermally stable protein
Authors: Volk Kathrin , Breunig Sven D. , Rid Raphaela , Herzog Julia , Bräuer Maria , Hundsberger Harald , Klein Christian , Müller Norbert , Önder Kamil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAcyl-carrier-protein (acpP) is an essential protein in fatty acid biosynthesis ofStaphylococcus aureus[Cronan, J.E. and Thomas, J. (2009). Complex enzymes in microbial natural product biosynthesis, part B: polyketides, aminocoumarins and carbohydrates. Method. Enzymol.459, 395–433; Halavaty, A.S., Kim, Y., Minasov, G., Shuvalova, L., Dubrovska, I., Winsor, J., Zhou, M., Onopriyenko, O., Skarina, T., Papazisi, L., et al. (2012). Structural characterization and comparison of three acyl-carrier-protein synthases from pathogenic bacteria. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr.68, 1359–1370]. The inactive apo-form is converted to the active holo-enzyme by acyl-carrier protein synthase (acpS) through addition of a 4′-phosphopantetheine group from coenzyme A to a conserved serine residue of acpP [Flugel, R.S., Hwangbo, Y., Lambalot, R.H., Cronan, J.E., and Walsh, C.T. (2000). Holo-(acyl-carrier protein) synthase and phosphopantetheinyl transfer inEscherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem.275, 959–968; Lambalot, R.H. and Walsh, C.T. (1995). Cloning, overproduction, and characterization of theEscherichia coliholo-acyl-carrier protein synthase. J. Biol. Chem.270, 24658–24661]. Once activated, acpP acts as an anchor for the growing fatty acid chain. Structural data from X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that, despite its small size (8 kDa), acpP adopts a distinct, mostly α-helical structure when complexed with acpS [Halavaty, A.S., Kim, Y., Minasov, G., Shuvalova, L., Dubrovska, I., Winsor, J., Zhou, M., Onopriyenko, O., Skarina, T., Papazisi, L., et al. (2012). Structural characterization and comparison of three acyl-carrier-protein synthases from pathogenic bacteria. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol. Crystallogr.68, 1359–1370; Byers, D.M. and Gong, H. (2007). Acyl carrier protein: structure–function relationships in a conserved multifunctional protein family. Biochem. Cell Biol.85, 649–662]. We expressed and purified recombinant, activeS. aureusacpP fromEscherichia coliand mimicked the beginning of fatty acid biosynthesis by employing an [14C]-acp loading assay. Surprisingly, acpP remained functional even after heat treatment at 95°C for up to 10 min. NMR data from 2D-HSQC experiments as well as interaction studies with acpS confirmed that acpP is structured and active both before and after heat treatment, with no significant differences between the two. Thus, our data suggest thatS. aureusacpP is a highly stable protein capable of maintaining its structure at high temperatures.
Compatibility assessment between four ethanolic plant extracts with a bug predator Orius horvathi (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) used for controlling the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Razavi Nooshin , Ahmadi Kamal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) attacks a large number of crop plants. The current insecticides have caused resistance in insects and have caused outbreaks of thrips. In many instances, alternative methods of insect management and natural products, offer adequate pest control and pose fewer hazards. Several species of minute pirate bugs of the genus Orius play a significant role in the biological control of a large number of thrips species, such as F. occidentalis. In this study, the insecticidal activity of four ethanolic plant extracts (Cercis siliquastrum L., Calendula officinalis L., Peganum harmala L., Melia azedarach L.) in integration with Orius horvathi (Reuter) were evaluated for controlling F. occidentalis. The present research aimed to find plant extracts with a good impact on F. occidentalis but which have fewer side effects on O. horvathi. The results showed that P. harmala extract can be considered compatible with the natural enemy for controlling thrips. When the predatory bugs O. horvathi, were released three days after P. harmala extract spraying, the integration was more effective. While the P. harmala plant extract plays an important role in thrips control, it is necessary to consider the specified time interval between the application of the P. harmala plant extract and the release of the O. horvathi predatory bugs. The ethanolic extract of M. azedarach caused a balance between the pest population and the natural enemy. This result is very important in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program because this ethanolic extract of M. azedarach had lower side effects on the natural enemy. This means that an integration of plant derived chemicals and the natural enemy, O. horvathi, can effectively control thrips.
Medizinisch assistierter Suizid – Regulierungsbedarf im Strafrecht?
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Die Gesetzgebung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zur Biomedizin ist von zahlreichen Restriktionen geprägt. Am 6. November 2015 hat der Deutsche Bundestag durch den neu gefassten § 217 Strafgesetzbuch nun die „geschäftsmäßige Förderung der Selbsttötung“ unter Strafe gestellt. Das Gesetz richtet sich gegen Sterbehilfeorganisationen, beeinträchtigt aber zugleich die Suizidbegleitung schwer erkrankter Patienten durch einzelne Ärzte. Es wurde mit Argumenten begründet, die nicht triftig sind, setzt sich über die Meinungsbildung und den Wertepluralismus in der Bevölkerung hinweg und trägt moralpaternalistische Züge. Sinnvoll wäre gewesen, wenn der Gesetzgeber hinsichtlich der Beihilfe zum Suizid schwer kranker Menschen Kriterien benannt sowie Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen hätte, durch die Betroffene bei einer gewissenhaften Entscheidungsfindung unterstützt werden. Sofern Patienten einen Suizid erwägen, sollte ihnen ergebnisoffene psychosoziale Beratung zur Verfügung stehen. Das Gesetz bricht mit der neuzeitlich-modernen Rechtstradition, die Suizidbeihilfe straffrei zu stellen. Die restriktive Linie der neueren Biopolitik ist verfestigt und das Selbstbestimmungsgrundrecht weiter in die Defensive gedrängt worden.
Enhancing the sorption efficiency of polystyrene by immobilizing MgO and its application for uranium (VI) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Elhefnawy O. A. , Elabd A. A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Magnesium oxide immobilized polystyrene (PS/MgO) was prepared by the thermal attachment method for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. PS/MgO was characterized by different techniques [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)]. The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, temperature and co-existing cations on the removal process were investigated by using batch technique. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 163 (mg g−1) at pH 6 and 293 K. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) onto PS/MgO followed pseudo-second order and intra-particle kinetic models. The adsorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters show that the process is endothermic and spontaneous. PS/MgO is an attractive adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions due to its accessibility, low preparation cost and high removal capacity
2 The Current Situation of Chinese Philosophy: Problems and Tasks
Authors: Dikun Xie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The cause of Chinese philosophy has made significant progress since it began to reform three decades ago. However, Chinese philosophy also faces many problems. Shaken by current market economic forces, it now confronts a huge challenge in taking on its mission of raising questions, both theoretical and practical, and responding to them using the methods of philosophy. This article analyzes developments and problems in the three sub-disciplines of philosophy: Marxist philosophy, the history of Chinese philosophy and foreign philosophies. Using this framework, it will purposefully address the great historical responsibility facing Chinese philosophers.
7 Kant on the Public Sphere and Some Reflections on Hannah Arendt and the Contemporary Intercultural Discussion
Authors: Esser Andrea Marlen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Kant’s famous motto of enlightenment, “Sapere aude!”, is inseparably entwined with the demand for the “public use of reason”. There is no doubt that this also embraces the notion of a free and unrestricted exchange of ideas and indicates the potential beginning of a process in which “subjects” of the state and passive citizens are capable of developing into citizens of the world, and in which nation states are capable of developing into a kind of world community. This conception of the public sphere also receives further concrete articulation in Kant’s Critique of Judgement, as Hannah Arendt already clearly recognized. In particular, the doctrine of reflective judgement, which is developed in that work, also allows us to derive several critical insights from Kant’s conception of enlightenment and the public sphere which are highly relevant to the contemporary intercultural discussion regarding the issue of the “Public Sphere”.
9 On Political Freedom in Public Sphere in View of the Contrast Between Téchne and Túche – A Comparison Between Arendt and Heidegger
Authors: Wen-Sheng Wang 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion of the thesis that politics is a kind of téchne (art), as Aristotle states. He defines téchne as being the opposite of túche (chance). Hence, politics is neither an exact science nor an accidental opinion; it is, rather, a teachable art or skill (Kunstlehre). Based on this theme, the paper investigates how Hannah Arendt interprets political freedom in the public sphere as the will of the plural citizens, facing an uncertain future, attempting to still the disquiet of the collective ego. A comparison between Arendt and Heidegger could be made if we further investigate Heidegger’s understanding of political freedom in the public sphere based on his comprehension of the will of Da-sein and the enowning (Ereignis) of Being.
11 Republicity
Authors: Zöller Günter 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The essay places the modern Euro-American (“Atlantic”) conception of publicity (Öffentlichkeit) into the historical and systematic context of the Western political tradition of republicanism. Section 1 features the state as the public realm of political deliberation and decision in the twin traditions of the Greek city state (polis) and the Roman republic (res publica). Section 2 analyzes the redrawing of the boundaries between the public and the private in early modern political thought. Section 3 examines the transformation of the distinction between the public and the private in politico-philosophical reflection on high modern commercial and civil society. The focus throughout is on the republican requisites of the rule of law and of self-rule in political society
19 Privacy and/in the Public Sphere
Authors: Roessler Beate 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Talking about privacy in the public prima facie seems to be a contradiction: why should privacy have to play a role within the public sphere? What could possibly be private in the public? However, quite a number of theories of privacy conceptualize privacy as a protective shield which we carry with us wherever we are: respect for privacy in public then means, for instance, not listening in on private conversations between friends on the street or in a cafe. The most important form of privacy in public, however, which has gained a lot of attention during the last decade or so, is privacy as anonymity: the form of privacy in the public sphere, online as well as offline, which means invisibility, nontraceability, not being identifiable as an individual person. Theories of privacy differ as to the possibility as well as to the desirabilty of anonymity in public contexts, online as well as offline.
In my paper, I investigate the complicated relations between privacy, anonymity, and the public sphere. I will, firstly, clarify the conceptual relation between privacy and anonymity, drawing on theories which define privacy in terms of (contextually varying) conditions enabling individual freedom and autonomy. I will also review some normatively relevant differences between the online and the offline world. In the second part, I will discuss possible normative conflicts between a moral or legal right to privacy and anonymity, and considerations of security, accountability, or moral responsibility. One of the important questions will concern the ethical consequences of the technical possibilities of identification and de-anonymization in the online world.
Wakaf Uang Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Money occupies an important position in the activities of economic transactions in various countries in the world because it not only serves as a medium of exchange, but is already regarded as a thing despite the differences of opinion among jurists as a commodity that can be traded. The provisions of the endowment money held in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 2004 regarding the Waqf 4l. Endowments money to basically encourage Islamic banks to be a Nazarite professionals. The bank as a surrogate recipient waqf property can be investing the money in legitimate business sectors that produce benefits. The bank itself as nazir entitled to a maximum of 10% of the remuneration, benefits.Keywords: Money Waqf, Islamic Law, Positive Law Abstrak.Uang menempati posisi penting dalam kegiatan transaksi ekonomi di berbagai Negara di dunia karena tidak hanya berfungai sebagai alat tukar, tetapi sudah dianggap sebagai benda meskipun terjadi perbedaan pendapat di antara ulama fikih sebagai komoditi yang dapat diperdagangkan. Ketentuan tentang wakaf uang yang dilaksanakan di lndonesia yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4l Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf. Wakaf uang pada dasarnya mendorong bank Syariah untuk menjadi nazir yang profesional. Pihak bank sebagai penerima titipan harta wakaf dapat menginvestasikan uang tersebut pada sektor-sektor usaha halal yang menghasilkan manfaat. Pihak bank sendiri sebagai nazir berhak mendapat imbalan maksimum 10% dari, keuntungan yang diperoleh.Kata Kunci: Wakaf Uang, Hukum Islam, Hukum Positif
Developmental Assessments in Preterm Children: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wong Hilary S. , Santhakumaran Shalini , Cowan Frances M. , Modi Neena ,   Medicines for Neonates Investigator Group
Published: July 2016

CONTEXT:
Developmental outcomes of very preterm (gestational age ≤32 weeks) or very low birth weight (&lt;1500 g) children are commonly reported before age 3 years although the predictive validity for later outcomes are uncertain.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the validity of early developmental assessments in predicting school-age cognitive deficits.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed.

STUDY SELECTION:
English-language studies reporting at least 2 serial developmental/cognitive assessments on the same population, 1 between ages 1 and 3 years and 1 at ≥5 years.

DATA EXTRACTION:
For each study, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of early assessment for cognitive deficit (defined as test scores 1 SD below the population mean). Pooled meta-analytic sensitivity and specificity were estimated by using a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic curve.

RESULTS:
We included 24 studies (n = 3133 children). Early assessments were conducted at 18 to 40 months and generally involved the Bayley Scales of Infant Development or the Griffiths Mental Development Scales; 11 different cognitive tests were used at school-age assessments at 5 to 18 years. Positive predictive values ranged from 20.0% to 88.9%, and negative predictive vales ranged from 47.8% to 95.5%. The pooled sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of early assessment for identifying school-age cognitive deficit was 55.0% (45.7%–63.9%) and specificity was 84.1% (77.5%–89.1%). Gestational age, birth weight, age at assessment, and time between assessments did not explain between-study heterogeneity.

LIMITATIONS:
The accuracy of aggregated data could not be verified. Many assessment tools have been superseded by newer editions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early developmental assessment has poor sensitivity but good specificity and negative predictive value for school-age cognitive deficit.
DISCRIMINAÇÃO E VIOLÊNCIA HOMOFÓBICA SEGUNDO OS PARTICIPANTES DA 6ª PARADA DO ORGULHO LGBT DE SOROCABA-SP: subsídios para (re) pensar as práticas educativas
Authors: Garcia Marcos Roberto Vieira , Mendonça-Magro Viviane Melo de , Leite Kelen Christina 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo analisa o perfil dos participantes da 6a Parada do Orgulho LGBT de Sorocaba, interior de São Paulo, e discute as relações entre educação e homofobia, visando apontar algumas possibilidades para o trabalho de combate à violência homofóbica no cotidiano escolar. Apresentamos apontamentos teóricos que tratam da homofobia e educação, fazendo um breve histórico das paradas LGBT e seu papel na luta contra a homofobia na sociedade. Em seguida, descrevemos a metodologia de pesquisa e seus resultados. As conclusões mostram a necessidade de ações efetivas no cotidiano escolar para construção de uma consciência crítica e desenvolvimento de práticas de respeito à diversidade sexual.Palavras-chave: Educação. Homofobia. Paradas do Orgulho LGBT. HOMOPHOBIC DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE ACCORDING TO PARTICIPANTSOF THE 6TH LGBT PRIDE PARADE IN SOROCABA-SP: support for (re)think the educational practicesAbstract: This article discusses some of the relationships between education and homophobia, based in a surveycarried out with the participants of the 6th LGBT Pride Parade in Sorocaba, Brazil, in order to contribute withinterventions to erradicate homophobic violence in everyday school life. Theoretical approaches that address homophobiaand education, the history of LGBT parades and their role in the fight against homophobia in the Braziliansociety are presented. The survey methodology is described and the results are discussed. The conclusions showthe need for effective actions in everyday school life in order to build critical awareness and practices that respectsexual diversity.Keywords: Education. Homophobia. LGBT Pride Parade. DISCRIMINACIÓN Y VIOLENCIA HOMOFÓBICA SEGÚN LOS PARTICIPANTESDE LA SEXTA EDICIÓN DEL ORGULLO LGBT DE SOROCABA-SP: soporte para(re) pensar las prácticas educativasResumen: En este artículo se analiza el perfil de los participantes de la 6a Edición del Orgullo LGBT en la ciudadde Sorocaba, en el interior de San Paulo, y se discute las relaciones entre la educación y la homofobia, visandoapuntar algunas posibilidades para el trabajo de combatir la violencia homofóbica en la vida escolar cotidiana.Presentamos enfoques teóricos que abordan la homofobia en los espacios escolares. Presentamos apuntamientosteóricos que tratan de la homofobia y la educación, haciendo una breve historia de los desfiles LGBT y su papel enla lucha contra la homofobia en la sociedad. A continuación describimos la metodología de investigación y sus resultados.Las conclusiones muestran la necesidad de acciones efectivas en el cotidiano escolar para la construcciónde una conciencia crítica y para el desarrollo de prácticas de respeto a la diversidad sexual.Palabras clave: Educación. Homofobia. Marcha del Orgullo LGBT.