bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Macrophage Infiltration Improves Fat Graft Survival by Inducing Angiogenesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recruitment
Authors: Cai Junrong , Feng Jingwei , Liu Kaiyang , Zhou Shaolong , Lu Feng 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Fat grafting is a popular soft-tissue filler method; however, its results are variable and technique-dependent. Macrophages are present in fat grafts and closely associated with tissue regeneration. The authors hypothesized that activation/depletion of early macrophages in transferred fat improves/impairs fat graft survival.

Methods:
Mouse inguinal fat (approximately 150 mg) was transferred autologously. Fat grafting was first performed without other manipulations to obtain baseline information. Then, liposome-encapsulated clodronate and macrophage-colony stimulating factor were used in a mouse fat grafting model for local macrophage depletion or activation. The authors examined the graft stromal vascular fraction by fluorescence-activated cell sorting at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after transplantation in manipulation and control groups. Graft weight, vascularization, and secreted factors were also compared.

Results:
Early depletion of macrophages resulted in incompetent angiogenesis, feeble Sca-1+/CD45+ stem cell recruitment, and eventually a poor retention rate (34 ± 6 mg versus control 84 ± 15 mg; p = 0.006), whereas up-regulated macrophages allowed better angiogenesis and survival (117 ± 12 mg versus control, 84 ± 15 mg; p = 0.043).

Conclusions:
In fat grafting, macrophages and their polarization initiated changes in the levels of dominant secreted factors and influenced blood-derived stem cell infiltration, indicating that macrophages were crucial for tissue revascularization. The macrophage manipulation models described here show that graft macrophage number can profoundly influence graft survival.
Minimally Invasive, Spring-Assisted Correction of Sagittal Suture Synostosis: Technique, Outcome, and Complications in 83 Cases
Authors: van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Kamst Nathalie , Touw Carolina , Mauff Katya , Versnel Sarah , Dammers Ruben , de Jong T. H. Rob , Prasad Vani , Mathijssen Irene M. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
This series describes the results of minimally invasive strip craniotomy with additional spring distraction.

Methods:
Included are the first 83 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure (January 1, 2010, to January 1, 2014). Outcome parameters were collected prospectively and included surgical parameters and complications, the occurrence of papilledema, skull growth, cephalic index, and photographic scores.

Results:
Duration of surgery was 63 minutes, 19 percent required blood transfusion, and complications were minor. Postoperative papilledema occurred in two patients (2.4 percent). Head growth increased after insertion of the springs and declined afterward to 0.7 SD, comparable to earlier cohorts in the authors’ center. The cephalic index increased from 67 before surgery to 74 after surgery and showed a small decrease during the 4-year follow-up. Photographic scores confirmed the initial improvement and showed a trend to further improvement during follow-up.

Conclusions:
In this cohort, spring-assisted, minimally invasive strip craniotomy was safe and effective. Results were similar to those from other techniques but with smaller incisions, shorter interventions, reduced blood loss, and a lower incidence of postoperative papilledema.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Anterior Skull Base and Pericranial Flap Ossification after Frontofacial Monobloc Advancement
Authors: Morice Anne , Paternoster Giovanna , Ostertag Agnès , James Syril , Cohen-Solal Martine , Khonsari Roman H. , Arnaud Eric 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Frontofacial monobloc advancement creates a communication between the anterior cranial fossa and nasal cavities. To tackle this issue, transorbital pericranial pedicled flaps are routinely performed in the authors’ center. This study aimed to assess the postoperative ossification of the anterior skull base and pedicled flaps following frontofacial monobloc advancement, and to identify factors influencing this ossification.

Methods:
Measurements of the skull base only and of the ossified pedicled flaps together with the skull base were performed on computed tomographic scans at the nasofrontal and the nasoethmoid frontal junctions. The total thickness of the skull vault was measured and a qualitative defect score for the anterior skull base was computed.

Results:
Twenty-two patients who underwent frontofacial monobloc advancement at a median age of 3.1 years (range, 1.9 to 3.6 years) were included: 14 with Crouzon, five with Pfeiffer, and three with Apert syndrome. One year and 5 years after surgery, the distraction gap was completely ossified in the anterior skull base midline in all patients. Ossified pedicled flaps together with the skull base were thicker in patients than in controls at these two time points (p < 0.005 and p < 0.02). Patients with Pfeiffer syndrome had a significantly thicker skull base only and ossified pedicled flaps together with the skull base thicknesses (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03) and lower defect scores than patients with Crouzon or Apert syndrome (p = 0.03) 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion:
As ossification of the pedicled flaps and total reossification of the anterior skull base midline were observed in all patients, the authors indicate that performing pedicled flaps in frontofacial monobloc advancement surgery could promote the reossification of the anterior skull base.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Percutaneous Mesh Expansion: A Regenerative Wound Closure Alternative
Authors: Khouri Kimberly S. , Cardoso Eufemiano , Khouri Roger K. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Puncture wounds in the 1-mm range usually heal without scars. Stacking rows of these punctures offers a scarless method to generate tissue by mesh expansion. The authors developed a percutaneous mesh expansion procedure and present their experience for its wound closure application.

Methods:
Over a 6-year period, the authors applied percutaneous mesh expansion to 65 consecutive patients aged 58 to 101 years (mean, 72 years) with 67 full-thickness calvarial defects ranging in size from 2.5 × 3 cm to 7 × 8 cm (mean, 14 cm2) that would have all required flaps for closure. Thirty-six were still anticoagulated, and 20 had prior scalp resections. After tumescent epinephrine anesthesia, the authors temporarily approximate the wound by placing it under strong tension. Using 1.1-mm cutting point needles that selectively sever tissues under tension, the authors inflict rows of staggered alternating punctures over a distance five times the defect width. This results in 20 percent expansion of the meshed area, generating the tissue necessary for defect coverage. When the tension is completely released, closure is performed with simple sutures or staples. The authors avoid overmeshing, especially close to the wound edges, and perform no undermining or additional incisions.

Results:
At 6-week follow-up, all defects were healed with only a straight resection scar. However, of the 10 defects larger than 5 × 5 cm, five had wound healing delay and three required a small skin graft. No other complication was observed.

Conclusions:
Percutaneous mesh expansion is a minimally invasive procedure that harnesses the body’s natural capabilities to regenerate across small gaps. It sums these regenerated gaps in a mesh pattern that expands tissues to close complex wounds without flaps or additional incisions.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Important Details in Performing and Interpreting the Scratch Collapse Test
Authors: Kahn Lorna C. , Yee Andrew , Mackinnon Susan E. 
Published: October 2017

Summary:
The utility of the scratch collapse test has been demonstrated in examination of patients with carpal and cubital tunnel syndromes and long thoracic and peroneal nerve compressions. In the authors’ clinic, this lesser known test plays a key role in peripheral nerve examination where localization of the nerve irritation or injury is not fully understood. Test utility and accuracy in patients with more challenging presentations likely correlate with tester understanding and experience. This article offers a clear outline of all stages of the test to improve interrater reliability. The nuances of test performance are described, including a description of situations where the scratch collapse test is deemed inappropriate. Four clinical scenarios where the scratch collapse test may be useful are included. Corresponding video content is provided to improve performance and interpretation of the scratch collapse test.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, V.
Interruption of the Inferior Vena Cava With Azygos Continuation
Authors: Kuo Chien-Wei , Peng Nan-Jing , Chiu Yu-Li 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This report describes a 19-year-old man with interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. Both radionuclide venography and MRI clearly showed venous return of the lower limbs through prominent collateral systems.
Uncommon Metastasis to the Pancreas From Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix Detected on Surveillance 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Mahajan Sonia , Pandit-Taskar Neeta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT is a sensitive noninvasive imaging tool for assessment of recurrent disease in patients with carcinoma cervix. Its role in early detection of recurrences especially in asymptomatic patients has been demonstrated well in literature. Metastatic involvement of the pancreas in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare occurrence, reported only few times in literature, and is predominantly documented to be associated with uncommon histopathologies such as neuroendocrine and small cell carcinoma. We report a rare asymptomatic case of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, detected and confirmed to have pancreatic metastasis on surveillance FDG PET/CT imaging.
18F-FAZA PET/CT Hypoxia Imaging of High-Grade Glioma Before and After Radiotherapy
Authors: Mapelli Paola , Zerbetto Flavia , Incerti Elena , Conte Gian Marco , Bettinardi Valentino , Fallanca Federico , Anzalone Nicoletta , Di Muzio Nadia , Gianolli Luigi , Picchio Maria 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A 57 year-old man underwent MRI with dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion for neurological symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of high-grade glioma. A 18F-FAZA PET/CT was performed because of the enrollment in a prospective clinical trial. Subsequent radiotherapy treatment has been planned based on conventional imaging; moreover, a 18F-FAZA PET/CT–guided treatment planning highlighting hypoxic regions has been simulated. After radiotherapy treatment, the man underwent MRI and 18F-FAZA PET/CT, showing partial response.
Myocardial Perfusion SPECT and Cardiac MR Correlative Imaging
Authors: Prosper Ashley E. , Colletti Patrick M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An institutional review board–approved retrospective review of 55 patients who received cardiac MRI within 1 year of myocardial SPECT was performed. Forty-nine demonstrated myocardial infarction by MRI. MRI and SPECT agreed in all but 1 case, where SPECT preceded MRI by 97 days. Three cases are presented here: 2 demonstrating congruent MRI and SPECT changes in a vascular distribution status post infarction and a third with a nonvascular pattern of abnormalities related to left ventricular aneurysm in cardiac sarcoidosis. It is useful to review and correlate myocardial SPECT with available cardiac MRI, especially in patients with matching perfusion defects.
Internal Auditory Canal Tumor as an Incidental Finding on a Choline PET/CT Scan in a Prostate Cancer Patient
Authors: Malamitsi Julia , Efthymiadou Roxanni , Pipikos Theodore , Vlachou Fani , Prassopoulos Vassilis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An 84-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer, treated with radiotherapy, presented with an increase in PSA levels. 18F-choline PET/CT showed foci of increased choline uptake in L4 and L5 vertebrae, suggestive of bone metastases and another focus in the right cerebellopontine angle. A brain MRI revealed a focus of intense contrast enhancement in the same region, consistent with an acoustic neuroma.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Low-Grade Fibromatosis
Authors: Akbarian Aghdam Ramin , Hakiminejad Masoumeh , Hashemifard Hamidreza , Rakhshan Azadeh , Pirayesh Elahe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report a case of fibromatosis demonstrating prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positive scan. A 76-year-old man was under assessment because of rising prostate-specific antigen level. Bone scan showed abnormal soft tissue uptake of 99mTc-MDP adjacent to the right scapula, compatible with a mass in MRI, thereafter. Because of the unavailability of 68Ga-PSMA scan in our department and also high cost in other centers, the patient underwent 177Lu-PSMA for more assessment, which revealed PSMA-avid mass. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade fibromatosis. This report demonstrates another false-positive result of PSMA scan and highlights the importance of pathologic examination.
Uterine Metastasis From Gastric Adenocarcinoma Masquerading as Physiologic Endometrial Uptake in FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yao Yutang , Su Minggang , Ou Xiaohong , Shen Yangmei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A 44-year-old woman with newly diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma by gastroscopy underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate possible metastasis. The images demonstrated intense activity in the region of uterine corpus, as well as greater gastric curvature. Physiologic uptake of endometrium was initially suspected, given the rarity with which extragenital cancers metastasize to the uterus. Ultimately, the endometrium proved to be mucinous adenocarcinoma of gastric origin based on its shared histological features and compatible immunostaining profile.
Stewart-Treves Syndrome on the Lower Extremity Associated to Idiopathic Chronic Lymphedema Visualized on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Brittain Jane Maestri , Nymark Tine , Hildebrandt Malene Grubbe , Hovgaard Dorrit , Andersen Kim Francis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Angiosarcomas are highly malignant and rare tumors of vascular or lymphatic endothelial cell origin with a poor prognosis. Lymphangiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema is known as Stewart-Treves syndrome. Stewart-Treves syndrome is primarily described in patients with lymphedema of an upper extremity occurring after breast cancer surgery including radical axillary lymph node dissection and subsequent radiotherapy. It is rarely described in the presence of idiopathic chronic lymphedema of the lower extremities. We present a case of lymphangiosarcoma visualized on 18F-FDG PET/CT, where Stewart-Treves syndrome is secondary to probably a combination of idiopathic chronic lymphedema of the lower extremities and systemic immunosuppressive treatment.
Radioguided Occult Lesion Localization
Authors: Manca Gianpiero , Mazzarri Sara , Rubello Domenico , Tardelli Elisa , Delgado-Bolton Roberto C. , Giammarile Francesco , Roncella Manuela , Volterrani Duccio , Colletti Patrick M. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Regarding radioguided surgery, the concept of “radioguided occult lesion localization” (ROLL) is based on both preoperative interventional imaging and intraoperative radioguided detection of a clinically occult neoplastic lesion.

Methods
This methodology consists in the direct administration into the lesion of 99mTc–macroaggregated human albumin formed by relatively large particles retained at the injection site, which direct radioguided excisional biopsy.

Results
This modality has expanded from the classic application of ROLL for nonpalpable breast lesions to other tumors, such as solitary pulmonary nodules or recurrences from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In 2011, in order to improve the classification of different radioguided surgical procedures, ROLL applications were included in the more complete concept of GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting). This concept was introduced to include the entire range of basic and advanced radioguided procedures necessary to supply a “road map” for the surgeon.

Conclusions
The terms ROLL and GOSTT have further developed by incorporating novel modalities such as hybrid tracers for simultaneous fluorescence and radioactive signal detection and innovative navigation systems based on mixed-reality protocols.
Atlas of Extraosseous Findings Detected by 18F-NaF PET/CT Bone Scan
Authors: Woodhead Gregory J. , Avery Ryan J. , Kuo Phillip H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

18F-NaF PET/CT is an evolving technique that provides high sensitivity for detection of osseous metastases. In addition to detecting pathological osseous lesions, 18F uptake is occasionally detected in extraosseous lesions. However, reporting of extraosseous uptake in the literature is limited, and the increasing use of 18F-NaF PET/CT dictates that interpreting physicians learn to recognize extraosseous findings. An atlas of extraosseous findings detected by 18F-NaF PET/CT is presented, which includes cases under 2 broad categories: nonneoplastic and neoplastic.
Effects on 18F-FDG PET/CT Brain Glucose Metabolism in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Machado Alexei M. C. , Fagundes Theara C. , Mafra Arnoldo , Silva Rodrigo G. , Castro Ana Carolina G. , Mamede Marcelo 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Retrospective study of the effects of anticancer treatment on the brain metabolism of patients diagnosed with rectal cancer based on a large and homogeneous sample of 40 paired 18F-FDG PET/CT volumes taken from 20 patients. The results are compared to the ones presented by related works to help elucidating the mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated to a decrease in memory, learning and motor skills.

Patients and Methods
Twenty patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were scanned before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation based exclusively on 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. The sample was non-rigidly registered to a common template to allow for the comparison of regional metabolism. Statistical analysis was based on adjusted paired t-tests.

Results
The analysis primarily revealed a statistically significant decrease in the metabolism after neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the hypothalamus, putamen, head of the caudate, globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, amygdala, cerebellum and the parahippocampal gyrus. The analysis also revealed smaller regions of increased metabolic activity at the middle temporal gyrus, precuneus of the parietal lobe and cuneus of the occipital lobe.

Conclusions
The regions of decreased metabolism detected in the study are related to memory, learning and voluntary movement which is consistent with previous findings based on clinical studies and neuropsychological tests that report impairments on neurocognitive and motor skills associated to these therapies.
Unilateral Submandibular Gland Atrophy and Sialolithiasis Diagnosed on 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in a Patient With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pattanayak Puskar , Santhanam Prasanna , Javadi Mehrbod Som , Solnes Lilja B. , Rowe Steven P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA variety of sequelae of elevated calcium levels are encountered in patients with underlying primary hyperparathyroidism, including stone formation such as calculi in the urinary tract and sialoliths in the salivary glands and ducts. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman with fatigue, myalgia, and poor concentration who was found to have hypercalcemia (corrected calcium, 11.2 mg/dL) and elevated parathyroid hormone level (112 pg/mL), laboratory values consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. She underwent evaluation with a99mTc-MIBI parathyroid SPECT scan that included x-ray CT acquisitions for anatomical localization and attenuation correction.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Avid Tubercular Lesions Mimicking Prostate Cancer Metastasis on Simultaneous Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/MRI
Authors: Ahuja Aashim , Taneja Sangeeta , Thorat Kiran , Jena Amarnath 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has gained increasing interest as a target molecule in imaging of prostate cancer because of its selective overexpression in local prostate cancer lesions and metastasis. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with raised serum prostate-specific antigen levels who presented for 68Ga-PSMA HBED-CC simultaneous PET/MRI for prostate cancer evaluation. A PSMA-nonavid PI-RADS 5 (Prostate Imaging—Reporting and Data System) lesion was confirmed as adenocarcinoma on histopathology. The PSMA-avid lesions were noted in the calvarium and lung, with the calvarial lesion confirmed to be of tubercular etiology on biopsy, and both lesions subsequently responded to antitubercular treatment.
Multimodal Imaging in Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Kim Su Wan , Song Heesung 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report the case of a 19-year-old man who presented with a 12-year history of progressive fatigue, feeling hot, excessive sweating, and numbness in the left arm. He had undergone multimodal imaging and was diagnosed as having Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS). This is a rare congenital disease, defined by combinations of nevus flammeus, venous and lymphatic malformation, and hypertrophy of the affected limbs. Lower extremities are affected mostly. Conventional modalities for evaluating KTWS are ultrasonography, CT, MRI, lymphoscintigraphy, and angiography. There are few reports on multimodal imaging of upper extremities of KTWS patients, and this is the first report of an infrared thermography in KTWS.
Value of the Delta Neutrophil Index for Predicting 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department
Authors: Kong Taeyoung , Park Yoo Seok , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Sinae , Lee Jong Wook , Yu Gina , Eun Claire , You Je Sung , Chung Hyun Soo , Park Incheol , Chung Sung Phil 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE), frequently seen in the emergency department (ED), is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The delta neutrophil index (DNI) reflects the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes as a component of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. The pathogenesis of acute PE is significantly associated with inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of the DNI as a marker of severity in patients with acute PE admitted to the ED.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who were diagnosed with acute PE at a single ED, admitted from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2017. The diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism was confirmed using clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. The DNI was determined at presentation. The clinical outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days of emergency department admission.

Results:
We included 447 patients in this study. The multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that higher DNI values on ED admission were significantly associated with short-term mortality (hazard ratio, 1.107; 95% confidence interval, 1.042–1.177). The optimal cut-off DNI value, measured on ED admission, was 3.0%; this value was associated with an increased hazard of 28-day mortality following PE (HR, 7.447; 95% CI, 4.183–13.366; P < 0.001)

Conclusion:
The DNI value, obtained as part of the complete blood count analysis, can be easily determined without additional burdens of cost or time. A high DNI is useful as a marker to predict 28-day mortality in patients with acute PE.