bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PASAR INDUK (TERPADU) KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Nura Ustrina  , Aiyub  , Ferizaldi Ferizaldi , Nur Hafni  
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Kebijakan Pengelolaan Pasar Induk (Terpadu) di Kota Lhokseumawe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengelolaan pasar induk terpadu belum sesuai dengan desain perencanaan awal. Perencanaan awal pembangunan pasar oleh pemerintah Kota Lhokseumawe yaitu bangunan tersebut akan dijadikan pasar induk namun kemudian dialihfungsikan menjadi gudang. Kebijakan penataan pasar induk juga kurang sesuai dengan subtansi dari peraturan menteri perdagangan Nomor : 70/MDAG/PER/12/2013 Tentang Pedoman dan Pembinaan Pasar Tradisional, Pusat Pembelanjaan dan Toko Modern, serta tidak adanya aturan khusus dari daerah sehingga menimbulkan penghambat tujuan keberhasilan dari kebijakan, seperti kebijakan yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan perencanaan awal, serta sumber daya dan sarana prasarana yang sudah banyak hilang dan kurangnya komunikasi antar organisasi dan komunikasi antar aktor terkait, dalam menjalankan fungsi dan tugasnya, hal ini akibat tidak maksimalnya studi kelayakan yang dilakukan, sehingga menyebabkan pasar tersebut belum berfungsi sepenuhnya, dan dialihfungsikan sebagai gudang, seharusnya bangunan tersebut dapat difungsikan untuk berbagai kegiatan lain yang lebih produktif dan berkonstribusi bagi daerah, sehingga tidak menjadi bangunan yang terbengkalai atau rusak.
BISPHOSPHONATE IN DENTİSTRY
Authors: Gunduz Alpaslan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Bisphosphonates are widely used in a variety of conditions, particularly in postmenopausal women to prevent age-related osteoporosis and associated fractures. They are also used to treat malignant hypercalcemia, Paget's disease, and to prevent bone metastases from cancers such as lung, prostate, and colon cancer. However, a significant side effect of bisphosphonate therapy is the potential for bone tissue necrosis.

Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BIONJ) is a particularly common complication in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy. This condition primarily affects the maxilla and mandible, areas that undergo bone remodeling at a higher rate than other sites in the skeleton. The clinical presentation of BIONJ can be highly variable, ranging from localized, non-healing bone lesions to extensive areas of exposed necrotic bone. This variability in presentation presents significant challenges for diagnosis and management in the dental office.

Given the prevalence of bisphosphonate use and the associated risks, dentists must exercise caution when treating patients on these medications. For patients diagnosed with BIONJ, it is essential that dental treatment plans are developed in close collaboration with relevant medical specialists. Ideally, comprehensive dental treatment should be completed prior to initiation of bisphosphonate therapy to minimize the risk of complications.

The purpose of this study is to review and present current treatment modalities for patients on bisphosphonate therapy, focusing on both the systemic and local effects of these drugs. By synthesizing the most recent literature, this study aims to provide evidence-based guidelines for dental practitioners managing patients who are either currently taking bisphosphonates or have a history of bisphosphonate use.
Effects of Changing Weather Patterns on Household Food Availability in Bukiro Sub County Mbarara District
Authors: Nuwasasira John Francis , Christopher Ewaechabo Tiyo , Tumwesigye Wycliffe , Tusingwire Agnes 
Published: September 2024

Changing weather patterns and their variables are already negatively impacting food security by damaging crops, reducing yields, and increasing the prevalence of pests and diseases. These pests and diseases contend with crops for sunlight, water, and nutrients, further diminishing agricultural yields and creating issues for crops that were previously unexposed to these threats. Climate-related disruptions in food distribution and transportation, both internationally and domestically, have a substantial impact on not just safety and quality but also access to food. Prolonged dry spells followed by heavy and stormy rains cause interruptions in food production and transportation, reducing farmers' ability to get their grains to market and potentially affecting food prices. This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of effects of changing weather patterns on food security and their coping strategies towards effects of weather changing patterns in smallholder households in Bukiro Sub County, Mbarara District. A sample of 100 smallholder farmers were randomly selected from four parishes of Bukiro sub county and studied using questionnaire and observations. Key informants Interviews were also conducted with nine technical workers and three opinion leaders. Software STAT 26 and Ms excel version 2016 were used to do data analysis. The study found out that changing weather patterns through its variables specifically heavy and stormy rains, late of set of rains, and prolonged dry spells had significant effects on food security. The perceived effects of changing weather patterns established were drying up of water sources (83.8%), decreased land for crop growing (82.4%), reduction in crop yields (77.7%), drying of pastures for animals (67.4%), drying of crops (58.1%), and occurrence of crop and livestock pests and diseases at (56.6%). Also, the perceived weather changing variabilities were late onset of rains (60.1%), prolonged dry spells were responded at 17.6%, and heavy and stormy rains 22.3%. From the study finding farmers clearly perceived that changing weather patterns had negative effects smallholders’ agricultural production systems impacting negatively on food security
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Methyltetrahydrofolate and Serum Folate in Children with Developmental Delay, Regression, and/or Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Nemati Hamid , Boroujeni Anahita Farahzad , Inaloo Soroor , Katibeh Pegah , Shahriari Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:
Folate is an important vitamin with a significant role in cell metabolism processes, and its deficiency is associated with several diseases. In addition, cerebral folate deficiency is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Studying the association of serum and cerebral folate deficiency with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders such as refractory epilepsy, developmental delay, and regression can be an important step towards the improvement of symptoms of such disorders.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, from February to October 2018, 60 children aged 6 months to 5 years; known cases of idiopathic refractory epilepsy; were selected randomly. After recording demographic, and clinical characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were taken from the patients and sent to a laboratory for measurement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF), folate, and homocysteine levels.

Results:
Sixty patients completed the study, including 33 boys (55%) and 27 girls (45%). Mean ± SD of the studied population was 26.93 ± 19.97 months. Eighteen children (30%) had refractory epilepsy, 11 (18.3%) had developmental delay, 12 (20%) had refractory epilepsy and developmental delay, and 19 (31.7%) had refractory epilepsy and developmental regression. The results of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal in 47 (78.3%) children and atrophic in 13 (21.7%) children. Mean ± SD of serum level of homocysteine was 9.14 ± 8.58 μmol/L, that of folate was 11.60 ± 6.89 nmol/L, and that of 5MTHF was 69.23 ± 54.16 nmol/L.

Conclusion:
Measurement of serum folate, homocysteine, and CSF level of 5MTHF are of great importance in patients with developmental disabilities.
Prevalence and Pattern of Leptomeningeal Pigmentation in the Human Brain and Its Role in the Safe Surgical Excision of Extra-Axial Brain Tumors
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Chacko Geeta , Chacko Ari G 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Although leptomeningeal melanin pigmentation is well-known, it is not described in the neurosurgical literature. Dark pigmentation native to these transparent membranes might have microsurgical relevance in identifying a plane of dissection.

Objective:
To describe the prevalence of leptomeningeal pigmentation and determine whether its recognition helps during microsurgical excision of extra-axial brain tumors.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study in cadavers and neurosurgical patients. Eight adult cadaveric brains were examined for leptomeningeal pigmentation and biopsies taken for histological studies. A total of 126 patients undergoing surgery for cerebellopontine angle and suprasellar lesions were included in the clinical study. The surgeon determined whether the recognition of pigmentation was useful during microneurosurgical arachnoid dissection.

Results:
Seven of 8 cadavers (87.5%) had leptomeningeal pigmentation on the ventral pons, optic chiasm, lamina terminalis, olfactory tract, and gyrus rectus and infrequently on the cerebral convexities. The prevalence of pigmentation was 76.9% in the clinical study, was seen in all pediatric patients, and was significantly higher in males (P = 0.009), with no significant association with skin color. Immunochemistry identified the pigmentation as melanin. Recognition of this pigmentation was deemed to be useful during tumor excision in 78% of the cases.

Conclusions:
Leptomeningeal melanin pigmentation has a prevalence of 76% to 87% in the Indian population and is more often seen in younger males. It is most commonly identified overlying the ventral brain stem and optic chiasm. Recognition of its presence is helpful during arachnoid dissection during most cerebellopontine angle and suprasellar tumor resections.
Surgical Outcome of Encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis for Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Furtado Sunil V , Basu Eilene , Mehta Anish , Vala Kuldeep , Mohan Dilip 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Indirect bypass surgeries for moyamoya disease have included modifications of procedures involving placement of the superficial temporal artery on the brain pial surface. We evaluate the functional and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis (indirect) revascularization and examine the outcome in relation to demographic and radiological factors.

Materials and Methods:
Patients treated surgically for moyamoya disease over a 14-year period were identified. Demographics, clinical presentation, and radiology were analyzed to assign a stage for the disease (Suzuki staging) and the extent of revascularization (Matsushima grade) at the last follow-up. A modified Rankin score was used to assess the clinical status at presentation and the functional outcome at follow-up.

Results:
There were 46 patients operated on by a single surgeon over a 14-year period. A higher incidence of motor deficits, seizures, and speech deficits was seen in the pediatric population. Age, sex, preoperative Suzuki disease stage, and hemispheric involvement had no bearing on angiographic outcome at last follow-up. Three of 46 patients (6.5%) developed immediate postoperative complications. Among 43 patients on follow-up, 39 had stable disease or showed improvement in clinical symptoms with 90% event-free status at last follow-up.

Conclusions:
Indirect revascularization procedures are an effective alternative to direct cerebral revascularizations in the early or advanced stages of moyamoya disease. This is effective in a predominant ischemic presentation as noted in our series.
Hypnic Headache
Authors: Rammohan K , Shyma M M , Das Soumitra , Shaji C Velayudhan 
Published: September 2024

Context:
Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache syndrome first described by Raskin in 1988.

Aim:
To describe the occurrence of HH in Indian patients and compare its clinicoepidemiological features to those published in the literature and attempt to trace some of the evolving concepts regarding its etiology and clinical features since it was first described.

Materials and Methods:
Patients attending the neurology outpatient department of a tertiary referral teaching hospital from 01-05-2011 to 30-04-2016 who were identified to have HH as per ICHD 3 beta criteria were included in the study. A meticulous history of the headache and comorbidities, clinical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, blood counts, blood biochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain and polysomnography (in selected patients) were done and the results were compared to selected international literature.

Results:
A total of 11 patients with HH were identified during the study period, of which 8 (72.72%) were males and 3 (27.27%) were females. The age of the patients varied from a minimum of 53 years to a maximum of 78 years (Mean: 63.36, SD: 8.09). The frequency of attacks per month ranged from 5 to 46(Mean: 20.36, SD: 11.67). The duration of each headache episode ranged from a minimum of 30 minutes to a maximum of 4 hours (Mean: 1.93, SD: 1.23). The occurrence of the headaches was maximum during the time periods of 0.00–2.00am and 2.00–4.00am (38% and 36%, respectively). The pain was dull in a majority of patients, 7 (63.63%). Trigeminal autonomic features such as lacrimation, ptosis, or rhinorrhea were not recorded from our cohort. Motor activity was noted in 7 (63.63%) cases. Two (18.18%) patients had associated migraine headaches whereas 3 (27.27%) had associated tension-type headaches. None of the patients in our series had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Four (36.36%) patients had systemic hypertension and 1 patient (9.09%) had diabetes mellitus. Two (18.18%) patients had symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Three (27.27%) patients had symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Blood examinations and MRI were normal in all patients, except for the findings of a few lacunar infarcts and nonspecific T2 weighted hyperintensities in 3 patients (27.27%).

Conclusion:
Our study proves the existence of the newly described primary headache syndrome called HH in the Indian population. On comparing our results with the international literature, the similarities are much greater than the differences. MRI voxel-based morphometry to demonstrate the loss of gray matter in the posterior hypothalamus may prove to be a reliable test to diagnose primary HH in the future.
Observations in a Virtual Telephone and WhatsApp Video-Enabled Neurology Clinic During Lockdown in Varanasi, India – A Preliminary Report
Authors: Mishra Vijaya Nath , Pathak Abhishek , Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath , Kumar Anand , Joshi Deepika , Singh Varun Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Globally, social distancing has been practiced during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to prevent the transmission of the virus. One of the measures to ensure social distancing and restricting the movements has been national lockdown, to break the chain of transmission. Telemedicine is a cost-effective measure to provide medical services to remote underserved areas.

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of teleconsultation as an alternative option to in-person consultation in providing continued medical care for neurology patients during the national lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical demographic profile, frequency of different neurological disorders, and treatment details of the patients attending the teleneurology consultation (TNCO) outpatient department (OPD) at Sir Sunderlal Hospital (S.S.H.), Institute of Medical Sciences (I.M.S.), BHU, Varanasi, India, were recorded in a prespecified pro forma.

Results:
A total of 1,567 patients attended the TNCO OPD over 90 days. The average patient attendance was 35 per day, and 72% were males. Out of these, 77% of patients were from the same district, and the majority of patients (68%) were regularly followed up in-person by the neurology OPD. The most common illness for consultation was epilepsy (19%) followed by low backache and stroke (18% each). The satisfaction rate among the patients with respect to teleservices was high (90%).

Conclusion:
TNCO seems to be as effective as in-person OPD in the management of neurological disorders. During the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, avoiding physical visits through TNCO may reduce the spread of the virus. Parallel tele-OPD with routine OPD is a good option in the future.
Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation (PPTID) and Papillary Tumor of Pineal Region (PTPR)
Authors: Sadashiva Nishanth , Deora Harsh , Arumalla Kirit , Rao Shilpa , Saini Jitender , Shukla Dhaval , Santosh Vani 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pineal parenchymal tumors account for less than 0.3% of all CNS tumors and “Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation” (PPTID; World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III) exhibit intermediary differentiation and prognosis. However “Papillary tumor of the pineal region” (PTPR; WHO grades II and III) is a distinct entity.

Objectives:
This combination of rarity and apparent similarity often leads to perplexity regarding the treatment and prognosis among neurosurgeons. In this review, we have tried to elucidate the differences in clinical as well as treatment modalities and outcomes of these two entities.

Methods:
We used the PubMed Database to search for all relevant articles using the keywords “pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation” and “Papillary tumor of the pineal region.” Articles having details regarding demographic and clinical variables along with treatment and outcomes were chosen for this study. Full text of these articles was analyzed, and data tabulated.

Results:
A total of 25 articles for PPTID and 45 for PTPR were found suitable for inclusion in this study. The studies were either case reports or small retrospective series with only one systemic review for each pathology. Despite the poor quality of data, some trends were apparent. Surgical resection offered a survival benefit in both pathologies. Radiotherapy was effective in increasing the survival in PPTID, while there was little to no effect in PPTR. Chemotherapy was not found to be beneficial in either.

Conclusion:
Both of these tumors have moderate growth rate and potential for malignant behavior. This continuum of characteristics makes their optimal treatment strategy difficult and confusing. The discussion on comprehensive literature review should give information for neurosurgeons to decide on optimal treatment strategies.
Role of ACE Polymorphism in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Goyal Ankit , Saluja Alvee , Saraswathy Kallur N , Bansal Priya , Dhamija Rajinder K 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is involved in the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardio, and cerebrovascular disease and is a plausible genetic candidate for stroke. The role of ACE polymorphism is still uncertain and requires further investigation.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to study the role of ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred thirty AIS cases and 130 age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited. Ten milliliters venous blood was drawn and 6 mL of blood was used for routine hematological, biochemical tests. Remaining 4 mL of EDTA blood was used for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and restriction digestion. Three genotypes (II, ID, and DD) were visualized on 3% agarose gel. Association between genotypes among stroke case was done by Chi-square test with P value <0.05 taken as significant.

Results:
DD genotype was significantly associated with the risk of stroke with P value of 0.0001. Both the dominant and recessive models showed that the DD genotype was independently associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 20.732; 95% CI: 2.7241–157.7864; P value = 0.003 for the recessive model and OR = 2.848; 95% CI: 1.5127–5.3649; P value = 0.001 for dominant model).

Conclusions:
Our study showed a strong association between ACE polymorphism and the risk of AIS. This study paves the way for further studies to confirm the role of ACE polymorphism as genetic risk factors for AIS.
Sagittal Balance Correction in Cervical Compressive Myelopathy
Authors: Panigrahi Manas , Patel Chirag , Chandrasekhar M Y B V K , Vooturi Sudhindra 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Laminectomy with lateral mass and transfacet fixation are widely accepted surgical techniques for cervical compressive myelopathy (CCM).

Objective:
To evaluate multilevel fixation with additional fixation of C7-T1 transfacet junction may help achieve better surgical outcome both in short- and long-term follow-up.

Material and Methods:
Based on utilizing C7-T1 transfacet junction fixation, 102 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for CCM were divided into Group A: cervical laminectomy with lateral mass fixation only, and Group B: cervical laminectomy and lateral mass fixation including C7-T1 transfacet junction in fixation. The groups were compared for at 3 months and 2 years postsurgery for persistence of preoperative symptoms, neurological outcome, and sagittal balance (T1 slope) of cervical spine.

Results:
The average age of the study population was 59.11 ± 12.05 years with 71 (69.6%) men. There were no significant differences between the groups neither for presenting complaints nor for postoperative complications. Patients in group B had lesser length of postsurgical hospital stay (7.57 ± 6.61 vs 5.55 ± 1.81; P = 0.018). At 3 months follow-up, patients in group B had higher motor power of upper limb (3.64 ± 1.91 vs 4.47 ± 0.57; P < 0.001), lower limbs (5.07 ± 1.72 vs 5.92 ± 1.13; P = 0.005), and total modified Japanese orthopedic association score (MJOS) score (13.68 ± 3.42 vs 15.51 ± 1.87; P = 0.001). Patients in groups B had lower postoperative T1 slope scores (26.93 ± 8.73 vs 17.60 ± 4.97; P = <0.001). At 2 years follow-up of 53 patients, patients in group B had a better upper limb motor function (3.77 ± 1.14 vs 4.44 ± 0.50; P = 0.021) and total MJOS score (13.85 ± 3.49 vs. 15.37 ± 1.86; P < 0.052).

Conclusion:
Normalizing sagittal balance in patients with CCM by cervical laminectomy and posterior fixation including cervical thoracic junction (C7-T1 transfacet junctional fixation) may significantly improve neurological outcome both in short-term and long-term follow-up.