bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-glioma Natural Products Downregulating Tumor Glycolytic Enzymes from Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZZ406
Authors: Chen Mengxuan , Chai Weiyun , Song Tengfei , Ma Mingzhu , Lian Xiao-Yuan , Zhang Zhizhen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMarine natural products are important resources for discovering novel anticancer drugs. In this study, an extract prepared from the culture of a sea anemone-derived actinomyceteStreptomycessp. ZZ406 in soluble starch and casein-related liquid medium was found to have activity in inhibiting the proliferation of glioma cells and reducing the production of lactate in glioma cells. Chemical investigation of this active crude extract resulted in the isolation of four new compounds and seven known ones. Structures of the new compounds were determined by a combination of extensive NMR analyses, HRESIMS and MS-MS data, electronic circular dichroism calculation, chemical degradation, and Marfey’s method. New compound1showed potent activity against the proliferation of different glioma cells with IC50values of 4.7 to 8.1 μM, high selectivity index (>12.3 to 21.3), and good stability in human liver microsomes. Western blot analysis revealed that compound1remarkably downregulated the expressions of several important glioma glycolytic enzymes. The data from this study suggested that compound1might have potential as a novel anti-glioma agent to be further investigated.
Associations of Tumor PD-1 Ligands, Immunohistochemical Studies, and Textural Features in 18F-FDG PET in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Chen Rui-Yun , Lin Ying-Chun , Shen Wei-Chih , Hsieh Te-Chun , Yen Kuo-Yang , Chen Shang-Wen , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo know tumor PD-L1 expression through IHC or the FDG-PET related radiomics, we investigated the association between programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression and immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers or textural features of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxdeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) in 53 oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer patients who were ready to undergo radiotherapy-based treatment. Differences in textural features or biomarkers between tumors with and without PD-L1 expression were tested using a Mann–Whitney U test. The predicted values for PD-L1 expression were examined using logistic regression analysis. The mean percentages of tumor PD-L1 expression were 6.2 ± 13.5. Eighteen tumors had PD-L1 expression ≥5%, whereas 30 tumors ≥1%. Using a 5% cutoff, the p16 staining percentage and the textural index of correlation were two factors associated with PD-L1 expression. The odds ratios (ORs) were 17.00 (p = 0.028) and 0.009 (p = 0.015), respectively. When dichotomizing PD-L1 at 1%, the p16 and Ki-67 staining percentages were two predictors for PD-L1 expression with ORs of 11.41 (p = 0.035) and 757.77 (p = 0.045). p16 and Ki-67 staining percentages and several PET/CT-derived textural features can provide supplemental information to determine tumor PD-L1 expression in HNCs.
Increased pulse wave transit time after percutaneous coronary intervention procedure in CAD patients
Authors: Ji Lizhen , Liu Chengyu , Li Peng , Wang Xinpei , Liu Changchun , Hou Yinglong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPulse wave transit time (PWTT) has been widely used as an index in assessing arterial stiffness. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is usually applied to the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Research on the changes in PWTT caused by PCI is helpful for understanding the impact of the PCI procedure. In addition, effects of stent sites and access sites on the changes in PWTT have not been explored. Consequently, this study aimed to provide this information. The results showed that PWTT significantly increased after PCI (p < 0.01) while the standard deviation (SD) of PWTT time series had no statistically significant changes (p = 0.60) between before and after PCI. Significantly increased PWTT was found in the radial access group (p < 0.01), while there were no significant changes in the femoral access group (p > 0.4). Additionally, PWTT in the left anterior descending (LAD) group significantly increased after PCI (p < 0.01), but the increase that was found in the right coronary artery (RCA) group was not significant (p > 0.1). Our study indicates that arterial elasticity and left ventricular functions can benefit from a successful PCI procedure, and the increase of peripheral PWTT after PCI can help to better understand the effectiveness of the procedure.
Defining Phenotypes in Diabetic Nephropathy: a novel approach using a cross-sectional analysis of a single centre cohort
Authors: Montero Rosa M. , Herath Athula , Qureshi Ashfaq , Esfandiari Ehsanollah , Pusey Charles D. , Frankel Andrew H. , Tam Frederick W. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe global increase in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has led to an increase in DM-Chronic Kidney Disease (DM-CKD). In this cross-sectional observational study we aimed to define phenotypes for patients with DM-CKD that in future may be used to individualise treatment We report 4 DM-CKD phenotypes in 220 patients recruited from Imperial College NHS Trust clinics from 2004–2012. A robust principal component analysis (PCA) was used to statistically determine clusters with phenotypically different patients. 163 patients with complete data sets were analysed: 77 with CKD and 86 with DM-CKD. Four different clusters were identified. Phenotypes 1 and 2 are entirely composed of patients with DM-CKD and phenotypes 3 and 4 are predominantly CKD (non-DM-CKD). Phenotype 1 depicts a cardiovascular phenotype; phenotype 2: microvascular complications with advanced DM-CKD; phenotype 3: advanced CKD with less anaemia, lower weight and HbA1c; phenotype 4: hypercholesteraemic, younger, less severe CKD. We are the first group to describe different phenotypes in DM-CKD using a PCA approach. Identification of phenotypic groups illustrates the differences and similarities that occur under the umbrella term of DM-CKD providing an opportunity to study phenotypes within these groups thereby facilitating development of precision/personalised targeted medicine.
Impact of Obesity on the Rate of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women Treated with 17-alpha Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate
Authors: Lemon Lara , Serra Allison , Sharma Shringi , Venkataramanan Raman , Caritis Steve , Hauspurg Alisse 
Published: January 2018

Objective We sought to determine if the rate of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) in women treated with 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is modified by maternal body mass index (BMI).
Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to prevent recurrent PTB randomized controlled trial. All women received 17-OHPC.
Results A total of 708 women were included. Rates of spontaneous PTB did not vary significantly by BMI category. With stratification by obesity class and gestational age at delivery, the unadjusted risk for PTB using earlier gestational cutoffs (< 35, 32, and 28 weeks) demonstrated an association between preterm delivery and increasing severity of obesity. With adjustment for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and spontaneous PTB.
Conclusion We demonstrated that the risk of PTB in women receiving 250 mg 17-OHPC is not dependent on maternal BMI after adjustment for confounding variables. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated a wide variation in plasma concentration of 17-OHPC across the population with likely considerable overlap in plasma concentrations among the obese and nonobese population. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of BMI on efficacy of 17-OHPC prior to any dose adjustment in this population.
Synergistic Effect of Free and Nano-encapsulated Chrysin-Curcumin on Inhibition of hTERT Gene Expression in SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Bagheri Raana , Sanaat Zohreh , Zarghami Nosratollah 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background Telomerase is known as a global therapeutic target in cancer cells due to its main role in tumorigenesis. Nowadays, it is proposed new treatment methods based on molecular target therapy by bioactive substances such as curcumin and chrysin with fewer side effects than other chemical drugs. But due to their low aqueous solubility and high clearance in the bloodstream it can be used of nanoparticles to increase their half-life and biocompatibility of them. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Chrysin-Curcumin on the expression of telomerase gene in SW480 colorectal cancer cell line.
Material and method PLGA-PEG nanoparticles synthesized and were confirmed using by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR Spectroscopy. After treatment of SW480 cells by curcumin and chrysin loaded nanoparticles, their toxicity to cancer cells, was evaluated by MTT. Then, the inhibition of hTERT gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR method.
Result The results of MTT test showed nanocapsulated curcumin and chrysin compared with free forms of these compounds have high synergistic effect on sw480 cells. Also, real time-PCR showed significant decrease in hTERT gene expression in SW480 cells that treated with nano-curcumin and nano-chrysin compare to untreated cells.
Conclusion Nano-encapsulation of curcumin and chrysin enhanced delivery of these compounds to SW480 colorectal cancer cells and therefore it can be conclude that PLGA-PEG nanoparticles promote anticancer effects of curcumin-chrysin by increasing bioavailability and the solubility of these drugs.
Evolution of real contact area under shear and the value of static friction of soft materials
Authors: Sahli R. , Pallares G. , Ducottet C. , Ben Ali I. E. , Al Akhrass S. , Guibert M. , Scheibert J. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceWe investigate the origin of static friction, the threshold force at which a frictional interface starts to slide. For rough contacts involving rubber or human skin, we show that the real contact area, to which static friction is proportional, significantly decreases under increasing shear, well before the onset of sliding. For those soft materials, our results will impact how we use and interpret current contact mechanics and friction models.
Motion parallax in electric sensing
Authors: Pedraja Federico , Hofmann Volker , Lucas Kathleen M. , Young Colleen , Engelmann Jacob , Lewis John E. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Through specific movements, animals can structure the dynamics of sensory inputs to optimize perception. In vision, side-to-side peering can provide distance information from visual parallax. Weakly electric fish exhibit swimming patterns reminiscent of visual peering, but there is no direct evidence that these fish use motion-related cues for electric sensing. Indeed, how a dynamic environment is perceived through an electrosensory lens remains unclear. By combining computational modeling and a behavioral test, we demonstrate that temporal dynamics, along with a dipole electric field geometry, generates a parallax-like cue that weakly electric fish from two independent taxa exploit for distance perception. Studying weakly electric fish will lead to a better understanding of active sensing and the fundamental principles of sensory processing.
Folding of maltose binding protein outside of and in GroEL
Authors: Ye Xiang , Mayne Leland , Kan Zhong-yuan , Englander S. Walter 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The GroEL/ES chaperonin is known to prevent protein aggregation during folding by passive containment within the central cavity. The possible role of more active intervention is controversial. The HX MS method documents an organized hydrophobically stabilized folding preintermediate in the collapsed ensemble of maltose binding protein. A mutational defect destabilizes the preintermediate and greatly slows folding of the subsequent on-pathway H-bonded intermediate. GroEL encapsulation alone, without ATP and substrate protein cycling, restabilizes the preintermediate and restores fast folding. The mechanism appears to depend on forceful compression during confinement. More generally, these results suggest that GroEL can repair different folding defects in different ways.
Identification of a ubiquitin-binding interface using Rosetta and DEER
Authors: Tessmer Maxx H. , Anderson David M. , Pickrum Adam M. , Riegert Molly O. , Moretti Rocco , Meiler Jens , Feix Jimmy B. , Frank Dara W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Structure–function aspects of dynamic, membrane-associated proteins are difficult to mechanistically define. In this study, computational and biophysical methods are applied to identify a ubiquitin-interaction domain essential for the activity of a bacterial cytotoxin, ExoU. Introduction of mutations that diminish or improve ubiquitin interaction alters the biochemical and biological activities of the toxin. This strategy and these verification procedures may be useful where traditional NMR or crystallographic technologies to analyze protein–protein interactions are limited. ExoU is a member of a family of newly discovered ubiquitin-activated enzymes encoded by several bacterial pathogens. Understanding the details of intracellular enzyme activation will be critical to the development of inhibitors aimed at reducing tissue damage during infection by a variety of organisms.
Computational modeling of three-dimensional ECM-rigidity sensing to guide directed cell migration
Authors: Kim Min-Cheol , Silberberg Yaron R. , Abeyaratne Rohan , Kamm Roger D. , Asada H. Harry 
Published: January 2018

Significance
We have investigated how the directed cell migration toward stiffer extracellular matrix (ECM) is guided by filopodial mechanosensing of the surrounding ECM stiffness. As filopodia bind to the surrounding 3D ECM fibers, local force and displacement are created near the filopodium tip in response to the contraction of filopodia. We have looked into the time rate of changes to the force and the relative displacement between each binding site of ECM fiber (or fluorescent microbeads) and that of the filopodium tip. To quantify the local ECM stiffness sensed by the cell, we have aggregated these effects using two approaches of continuum and discrete mechanics and formulated two different equations for the effective rigidities of local ECM perceived by the cell.
Structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase cleaving RNA in an RNA/DNA hybrid
Authors: Tian Lan , Kim Min-Sung , Li Hongzhi , Wang Jimin , Yang Wei 
Published: January 2018

Significance
How HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) engages its RNase H active site to degrade viral RNA genome has remained unknown. Here we show that only with a preferred sequence does an RNA/DNA hybrid adopt the specifically distorted structure to fit into RT for cleavage by RNase H. The conformation of RT for RNA hydrolysis is distinctly different from that for DNA synthesis and reveals a structural cavity, which can serve as a target for RT inhibition.
Computation as a powerful tool for understanding particle systems: an interview with Aibing Yu
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When we talk about materials, we may have several images in our minds. We have functional materials with fine nanostructures and unique physical/chemical properties; we have structural materials such as metals and cement. However, we may sometimes ignore the construction pattern of materials. In fact, glass, iron, coal, cement, and many other materials that are common in our everyday life are particulate/granular materials. Recently, NSR talked to Aibing Yu, a professor of Monash University, Australia, and a scientist who has been working on particle systems for 30 years, about how to deepen our understanding of these particulate materials by computer simulation and modelling.
Evolution of cognitive and neural solutions enabling numerosity judgements: lessons from primates and corvids
Authors: Nieder Andreas 
Published: January 2018

Brains that are capable of representing numerosity, the number of items in a set, have arisen repeatedly and independently in different animal taxa. This review compares the cognitive and physiological mechanisms found in a nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque, and a corvid songbird, the carrion crow, in order to elucidate the evolutionary adaptations underlying numerical competence. Monkeys and corvids are known for their advanced cognitive competence, despite them both having independently and distinctly evolved endbrains that resulted from a long history of parallel evolution. In both species, numerosity is represented as an analogue magnitude by an approximate number system that obeys the Weber–Fechner Law. In addition, the activity of numerosity-selective neurons in the fronto-parietal association cortex of monkeys and the telencephalic associative area nidopallium caudolaterale of crows mirrors the animals' performance. In both species' brains, neuronal activity is tuned to a preferred numerosity, encodes the numerical value in an approximate fashion, and is best represented on a logarithmic scale. Collectively, the data show an impressive correspondence of the cognitive and neuronal mechanisms for numerosity representations across monkeys and crows. This suggests that remotely related vertebrates with distinctly developed endbrains adopted similar physiological solutions to common computational problems in numerosity processing.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities'.
Micro-scale ecology regulates particulate organic matter turnover in model marine microbial communities
Authors: Enke Tim N. , Leventhal Gabriel E. , Metzger Matthew , Saavedra José T. , Cordero Otto X. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe degradation of particulate organic matter in the ocean is a central process in the global carbon cycle, the ‘mode and tempo’ of which is determined by the bacterial communities that assemble on particle surfaces. Although recent studies have shed light on the dynamics of community assembly on particles –which serve as hotspots of microbial activity in the ocean, the mapping from community composition to function, i.e. particle degradation, remains completely unexplored. Using a collection of marine bacteria cultured from different stages of succession on chitin micro-particles we found that the hydrolytic power of communities is highly dependent on community composition. Different particle degrading taxa –all of which were early successional species during colonization– displayed characteristic particle half-lives that differed by ~170 hours, comparable to the residence time of particles in the ocean’s mixed layer1. These half-lives were in general longer in multispecies communities, where the growth of obligate cross-feeders limited the ability of degraders to colonize and consume particles. Remarkably, above a certain critical initial ratio of cross-feeder to degrader cells, particle degradation was completely blocked along with the growth of all members of the community. We showed that this interaction occurred between a variety of strains of different taxonomic origins and that it only appears when bacteria interact with particles, suggesting a mechanism by which non-degrading secondary consumers occlude access to the particle resource. Overall, our results show that micro-scale community ecology on particle surfaces can have significant impact on carbon turnover in the ocean.
Regulation of individual differences in recruitment behaviour within honey bee foraging groups
Authors: George Ebi Antony , Brockmann Axel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDivision of labour is a hallmark of eusocial insect colonies, with different groups of workers engaged in different tasks at the same time. Foraging is a task done by older workers in honey bee colonies. Foragers use the waggle dance behaviour to inform and recruit nest mates to food sources in the environment. The recruitment process incorporates information about the food reward, the colony food stores and the environmental food availability and plays a major role in ensuring efficient exploitation of the food sources available to the colony. However, the role that individual foragers play in driving recruitment is largely unexplored. We observed the dance activity of individual foragers from the same foraging group and showed that there are consistent inter-individual differences within a foraging group leading to a division of labour in the recruitment activity. Next, we studied the effect of changing social interactions on these individual differences. Removing foragers from the group led to an increase in the dance activity of the group of remaining foragers. This was mainly driven by an increase in the dance activity of certain individuals within the foraging groups. In contrast, allowing recruits to join the foraging group had a strong negative effect on the dance activity of all the individual foragers. Our study shows that there is a fine scale division of labour in the recruitment activity within foraging groups and that this is further regulated by changing social interactions. Thus, a complex interplay between individual differences and social interactions drive recruitment activity in honey bees.
Who are the farm shop buyers? A case study in Naumburg, Germany
Authors: Bavorova Miroslava , Traikova Diana , Doms Juliane 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence consumers’ shopping behaviour from farm shops.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Data were gathered in 2015 and 2016 via a quantitative written survey of 135 pedestrians in a structured questionnaire in Naumburg, East Germany. The authors use the variance-based, partial least squares subfamily of structural equation models for the analysis, allowing the authors to investigate the causes of the formation of attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) related to buying from farm shops.

Findings
Seen through the TPB prism, the most powerful explanatory construct in the model is PBC. This is followed by favourable attitudes towards buying at the farm gate. Interestingly, the injunctive norms construct is not significant, while the descriptive norms construct is. This means that the observed behaviour of relevant peers is more strongly linked to buying at the farm gate than what significant others want respondents to do.

Originality/value
Farm shops are one of the innovative distribution channels used by farmers to sell regional products directly to consumers. Studies that analyse the factors that have an effect on consumer behaviour when buying food from farm shops are very scarce. This paper fills this gap and the findings have implications for communications to consumers and labelling.