bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of a Stable Digermyne with Acetylenes: Synthesis of a 1,2-Digermabenzene and a 1,4-Digermabarrelene
Authors: Sugahara Tomohiro , Guo Jing-Dong , Sasamori Takahiro , Karatsu Yusaku , Furukawa Yukio , Ferao Arturo Espinosa , Nagase Shigeru , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Reactions between acetylenes and a stable digermyne bearing 4-t-Bu-2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-C6H2 (Tbb) groups afforded the corresponding stable 1,2-digermabenzenes together with the respective 1,4-digermabarrelenes. The properties of the obtained products and the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of experimental and theoretical results. Especially, the aromaticity of the newly obtained 1,2-digermabenzene has been discussed on the detailed calculations, revealing its aromatic character to some degree.
Clonal selection versus clonal cooperation: the integrated perception of immune objects
Authors: Nataf Serge 
Published: September 2016

Analogies between the immune and nervous systems were first envisioned by the immunologist Niels Jerne who introduced the concepts of antigen "recognition" and immune "memory". However, since then, it appears that only the cognitive immunology paradigm proposed by Irun Cohen, attempted to further theorize the immune system functions through the prism of neurosciences. The present paper is aimed at revisiting this analogy-based reasoning. In particular, a parallel is drawn between the brain pathways of visual perception and the processes allowing the global perception of an "immune object". Thus, in the visual system, distinct features of a visual object (shape, color, motion) are perceived separately by distinct neuronal populations during a primary perception task. The output signals generated during this first step instruct then an integrated perception task performed by other neuronal networks. Such a higher order perception step is by essence a cooperative task that is mandatory for the global perception of visual objects. Based on a re-interpretation of recent experimental data, it is suggested that similar general principles drive the integrated perception of immune objects in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). In this scheme, the four main categories of signals characterizing an immune object (antigenic, contextual, temporal and localization signals) are first perceived separately by distinct networks of immunocompetent cells. Then, in a multitude of SLO niches, the output signals generated during this primary perception step are integrated by TH-cells at the single cell level. This process eventually generates a multitude of T-cell and B-cell clones that perform, at the scale of SLOs, an integrated perception of immune objects. Overall, this new framework proposes that integrated immune perception and, consequently, integrated immune responses, rely essentially on clonal cooperation rather than clonal selection.
New Technological Ways in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: September 2016

Distribution of new — the fifth and sixth technological ways in economy of regions
of Russia is investigated. For economic evaluation of technological structures
hysterical time series of real per capita GDP of Great Britain are used. Construction
of econometric models of cyclical trends has allowed establishing the date of the
beginning of the upward half-waves of the fourth and fifth Kondratieff cycles. For
the construction of econometric models of technological structures was assumed
that the beginning of upward half-waves cycles coincide with the beginning of the
upward wave of new orders, since the beginning of the dominance of another
way of life and a torque of the withering away of the old order. We used piecewise
linear model orders. By the simulation it was found, that the relic and fourth
technological orders provide a contribution to real GDP per capita value of 4000
Gehry-Hemis dollars in 1990. The contribution of the new — the fifth and sixth
in the Russian economy is estimated as the excess of the value of real per capita
GDP over the contribution of relic and fourth technological structures, evaluated
according to the UK. This has allowed for the first time to give an economic
assessment of the contribution of new orders in the Russian economy. It now
has exceeded 50%. By degree of distribution of new ways in the groups of regions
is irregular. The regional group in the economy where new ways are not observed,
the economic policy directed to the continued industrialization. In the regions,
where new ways make contribution to the economies, economic policy should
focus on the development of post-industrial economies.
Work activity in the process of recovery – an interpretive phenomenological analysis of the experiences of people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis
Authors: Pańczak Anna , Pietkiewicz Igor 
Published: September 2016

CelMożliwość podjęcia aktywności zawodowej ma istotne znaczenie dla osób z ciężkimi zaburzeniami psychicznymi - podnosi ich samoocenę, wzmacnia poczucie kontroli nad własnym życiem i przynależności do społeczeństwa. W literaturze polskiej brak jest badań, dotyczących procesu zdrowienia ludzi, którzy mają rozpoznanie zaburzeń ze spektrum schizofrenii w kontekście aktywności zawodowej. Celem badania była eksploracja osobistych doświadczeń osób zatrudnionych w Zakładach Aktywności Zawodowej (ZAZ).MetodaPrzeprowadzono osiem wywiadów, częściowo ustrukturowanych, z dorosłymi pacjentami, które poddano interpretacyjnej analizie fenomenologicznej.WynikiBadani oceniali możliwość pracy, jako cenne doświadczenie i czynnik mobilizujący ich do aktywności oraz dbania o siebie. Praca dawała im możliwość przełamania izolacji społecznej przez przebywanie wśród ludzi z podobnymi problemami oraz takimi, którzy nie chorowali psychicznie. Gratyfikacja finansowa pozwała na większą samodzielność i sprzyjała rozwijaniu umiejętności planowania oraz zarządzania budżetem.WnioskiZ badań wynika, że korzystne jest zachęcanie osób, które utraciły pracę wskutek choroby psychicznej, do podejmowania prób aktywizacji zawodowej w ramach posiadanych kwalifikacji lub zdobywania nowych kwalifikacji, korzystając z ofert instytucji rehabilitacyjnych. Szczególnie ważne jest zapewnienie profesjonalnego wsparcia w okresach reorientacji i readaptacji zawodowej. Jego celem jest pomoc pacjentom w odzyskiwaniu poczucia kontroli i sprawstwa, a jednocześnie w radzeniu sobie z trudnymi uczuciami, związanymi z utratą lubianej i czasem cenionej pozycji społecznej. Autorzy tego artykułu zwracają również uwagę na konieczność dalszych badań eksplorujących trudności pacjentów w miejscu pracy i ich strategie radzenia sobie.
Neurochemical alterations in anterior cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (1H-MRS)
Authors: Galińska-Skok Beata , Konarzewska Beata , Kubas Bożena , Tarasów Eugeniusz , Szulc Agata 
Published: September 2016

CelCelem naszego badania było określenie zmian neurochemicznych u pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym przy użyciu spektroskopii protonowej MR (1H-MRS).MetodaZbadano 27 pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym (z epizodem manii i mieszanym, depresji i w stanie remisji objawów) oraz 10 zdrowych osób. Badania obrazowe MR wykonano skanerem o natężeniu pola 1,5 T. Voxele o objętości 8 cm3 lokalizowano w przednim zakręcie obręczy oraz w obrębie płata czołowego i płata skroniowego po stronie lewej. W widmie wynikowym oceniano zawartość związków chemicznych w odniesieniu do kreatyny (Cr) i nietłumionego sygnału wody: NAA (N-acetyloasparaginian), Glx (kompleks glutaminian/glutamina/GABA), Cho (cholina), Cr (kreatyna i fosfokreatyna), mI (mioinozytol).WynikiW grupie pacjentów z zaburzeniem afektywnym dwubiegunowym w porównaniu do osób zdrowych obserwowano w przednim zakręcie obręczy istotne statystycznie podwyższenie proporcji Cho/H2O (p = 0,029) oraz trend w kierunku wyższej proporcji Cho/Cr (p = 0,096).WnioskiWyniki naszego badania potwierdzają, że w zaburzeniu afektywnym dwubiegunowym występują zmiany neurochemiczne w zakresie związków choliny w przednim zakręcie obręczy.
Hollow mask illusion – is it really a test for schizophrenia?
Authors: Wichowicz Hubert , Ciszewski Sławomir , Żuk Krzysztof , Rybak-Korneluk Anna 
Published: September 2016

Cel pracyCelem badania była ocena zjawiska percepcji głębi u chorych na schizofrenię w porównaniu do osób zdrowych.MetodaPrzeprowadzono porównanie oceny wklęsłości maski twarzy, wykorzystując popularną stronę internetową prezentującą obracającą się maskę Charlie Chaplina. Badanie przeprowadzono u osób hospitalizowanych w Państwowym Szpitalu Dla Nerwowo i Psychicznie Chorych w Starogardzie Gdańskim z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej i niezróżnicowanej, postawionym w oparciu o kryteria ICD-10 oraz odpowiednio dobraną pod względem wieku i wykształcenia grupę kontrolna, obie po 58 osób.WynikiPrawidłowe postrzeganie głębi w iluzji wydrążonej maski dotyczy ok. 30% chorych na schizofrenię paranoidalną i niezróżnicowaną w okresie zaostrzenia i jest w tej grupie trzykrotnie wyższe niż w ogóle populacji. Poza liczbą nawrotów i hospitalizacji w anamnezie zjawisko to nie wykazuje korelacji z innymi cechami klinicznymi i demograficznymi osób chorych, takimi jak: wiek zachorowania, czas trwania schorzenia, wyniki skali zespołów pozytywnych i negatywnych (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS).WnioskiPrawidłowe postrzeganie wydrążonej maski potencjalnie może być jedną z kolejnych przesłanek do rozpoznania schizofrenii w przypadkach wątpliwych. Za przeprowadzeniem testu przemawia również jego prostota i ogólna dostępność.
Measuring the Efficiency of Category-Level Sales Response to Promotions
Authors: Trivedi Minakshi , Gauri Dinesh K. , Ma Yu 
Published: September 2016

In this study, we focus on measuring the efficiency of category-level sales response to promotions across various categories and stores. Our heterogeneous stochastic frontier model allows us to attribute portions of this efficiency to specific characteristics of the stores and categories. Using our full PEM (promotional efficiency frontier) model, we analyze the efficiency of 20 frequently bought categories of a supermarket retailer and apply it to store-category-level data. We find that the average efficiency of category and store sales response across all categories and stores is 84.34%, with low values in categories such as spreads and fresh seafood and high values in categories such as frozen entrées and meat. We find that the variation in efficiency of this sales response can be attributed to specific store and category characteristics such as selling area of store, distance to competition, number of stock-keeping units in the category, and average interpurchase time. Unobserved heterogeneity is captured by the latent class approach that provides support for the existence of three segments. An understanding of the roles played by these characteristics in the efficiency of sales response can aid managers in devising a strategy that maximizes sales.This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus with combined proximal opening wedge and distal chevron osteotomies
Authors: Jeyaseelan L. , Chandrashekar S. , Mulligan A. , Bosman H. A. , Watson A. J. S. 
Published: September 2016

Aims The mainstay of surgical correction of hallux valgus is first metatarsal osteotomy, either proximally or distally. We present a technique of combining a distal chevron osteotomy with a proximal opening wedge osteotomy, for the correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus. Patients and Methods We reviewed 45 patients (49 feet) who had undergone double osteotomy. Outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and the Short Form (SF) -36 Health Survey scores. Radiological measurements were undertaken to assess the correction. The mean age of the patients was 60.8 years (44.2 to 75.3). The mean follow-up was 35.4 months (24 to 51). Results The mean AOFAS score improved from 54.7 to 92.3 (p < 0.001) and the mean SF-36 score from 59 to 86 (p < 0.001). The mean hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles were improved from 41.6o to 12.8o (p < 0.001) and from 22.1o to 7.1o, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean distal metatarsal articular angle improved from 23o to 9.7o. The mean sesamoid position, as described by Hardy and Clapham, improved from 6.8 to 3.5. The mean length of the first metatarsal was unchanged. The overall rate of complications was 4.1% (two patients). Conclusion These results suggest that a double osteotomy of the first metatarsal is a reliable, safe technique which, when compared with other metatarsal osteotomies, provides strong angular correction and excellent outcomes with a low rate of complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1202–7.
The Charcot foot
Authors: Trieb K. 
Published: September 2016

Neuropathic changes in the foot are common with a prevalence of approximately 1%. The diagnosis of neuropathic arthropathy is often delayed in diabetic patients with harmful consequences including amputation. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment can avoid an extensive programme of treatment with significant morbidity for the patient, high costs and delayed surgery. The pathogenesis of a Charcot foot involves repetitive micro-trauma in a foot with impaired sensation and neurovascular changes caused by pathological innervation of the blood vessels. In most cases, changes are due to a combination of both pathophysiological factors. The Charcot foot is triggered by a combination of mechanical, vascular and biological factors which can lead to late diagnosis and incorrect treatment and eventually to destruction of the foot. This review aims to raise awareness of the diagnosis of the Charcot foot (diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy and the differential diagnosis, erysipelas, peripheral arterial occlusive disease) and describe the ways in which the diagnosis may be made. The clinical diagnostic pathways based on different classifications are presented. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1155–9.
Production design as a storytelling tool in the writing of the Danish TV drama series The Legacy
Authors: Redvall Eva Novrup , Sabroe Iben Albinus 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Production design not only sets the scene for the action of a film or television series, it holds great potential to convey story and character information. However, most literature on production design describe how the work of production designers only begin in pre-production when they are ‘given a script’ in order to execute a text. This article argues that the production designer can play a crucial part in the screenwriting process by contributing to the narrative and character design from an early stage. Focusing on the use of production design in the development, writing and production of the Danish drama series Arvingerne/The Legacy (2014–), the article analyses the implications of creator Maya Ilsøe’s close collaboration with the series’ production designer Mia Stensgaard. This collaboration not only centred on creating a special visual universe for the series, but also involved having the production design perform crucial back story and character information related to the inheritance drama and to the portrayal of the artist matriarch Veronika who was intended to haunt the lives of her children throughout the series even though she dies in the very first episode.
Reviews
Authors: Turina Romana , Miller Catriona , Pérez-Guerrero Ana María , Joyce Hester 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
SCREENWRITING IN THE DIGITAL ERA, KATHRYN MILLARD (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781137319104, eBook, $69.99; ISBN: 9780230343283, h/bk, $95.00; ISBN: 9781349344659, p/bk, $90.00
THE TV CRIME DRAMA, SUE TURNBULL (2014) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780748640881, h/bk, £65.00; ISBN: 9780748640874, p/bk, £19.99
DRAMATIC STORY STRUCTURE: A PRIMER FOR SCREENWRITERS, EDWARD J. FINK (2014) Abingdon: Routledge, 212 pp., ISBN: 9780415813693, h/bk, £95.00; ISBN: 9780415813716, p/bk, £21.99; ISBN: 9780203067987, e-book £20.89
THE SCREENWRITER’S ROADMAP: 21 WAYS TO JUMPSTART YOUR STORY, NEIL LANDAU (2013) Burlington, MA and Abingdon, OX: Focal Press, 310 pp., ISBN: 9780240820606, p/bk, £15.99; ISBN: 9781138136137, h/bk, £90.00
Organic solvents in electromembrane extraction: recent insights
Authors: Huang Chuixiu , Gjelstad Astrid , Pedersen-Bjergaard Stig 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) was invented in 2006 as a miniaturized sample preparation technique for the separation of ionized species from aqueous samples. This concept has been investigated in different areas of analytical chemistry by different research groups worldwide since the introduction. Under the influence of an electrical field, EME is based on electrokinetic migration of the analytes through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), which is an organic solvent immobilized in the pores of the polymeric membrane, and into the acceptor solution. Up to date, close to 150 research articles with focus on EME have been published. The current review summarizes the performance of EME with different organic solvents and discusses several criteria for efficient solvents in EME. In addition, the authors highlight their personal perspective about the most promising organic solvents for EME and have indicated that more fundamental work is required to investigate and discover new organic solvents for EME.
Permanent colonization of creek sediments, creek water and limnic water plants by fourListeriaspecies in low population densities
Authors: Lang-Halter Evi , Schober Steffen , Scherer Siegfried 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring a 1-year longitudinal study, water, sediment and water plants from two creeks and one pond were sampled monthly and analyzed for the presence ofListeriaspecies. A total of 90 % of 30 sediment samples, 84 % of 31 water plant samples and 67 % of 36 water samples were tested positive. Generally, most probable number counts ranged between 1 and 40 g−1, only occasionally >110 cfu g−1were detected. Species differentiation based on FT-IR spectroscopy and multiplex PCR of a total of 1220 isolates revealedL. innocua(46 %), L. seeligeri(27 %),L. monocytogenes(25 %) andL. ivanovii(2 %). Titers and species compositions were similar during all seasons. While the species distributions in sediments and associatedRanunculus fluitansplants appeared to be similar in both creeks, RAPD typing did not provide conclusive evidence that the populations of these environments were connected. It is concluded that (i) the fresh-water sediments and water plants are year-round populated byListeria, (ii) no clear preference for growth in habitats as different as sediments and water plants was found and (iii) the RAPD-based intraspecific biodiversity is high compared to the low population density.
Reversal of Left Ventricular Functions in Chronic Mitral Regurgitation after Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Abd elaziz Montaser Elsawy , Ibrahim Islam Moheb 
Published: September 2016

<strong>Background:</strong> Mitral valve regurgitation leads to deterioration of left ventricular functions if not treated early. We aimed to study the effect of mitral valve replacement on normalization of ejection fraction, remodeling of left ventricular dimensions, and left atrial reduction in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> Between December 2012 and August 2014, <br />45 patients with chronic mitral regurgitation underwent isolated mitral valve replacement. None of the patients had any other severe valvular or concomitant disease or severe coronary heart disease. The patients were evaluated by echocardiography (preoperative, 1-week, and 1-year postoperative). The results were statistically analyzed by paired t test.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Forty-five patients who underwent mitral valve replacement in our hospital were included in the study. The group comprised 20 men and 25 women; the mean age was 31.8 ± 6.76 years. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61.09 ± 7.6 and decreased significantly to 59.04 ± 6.65 and 59.67 ± 6.56, 1-week and 1-year postoperative follow up, respectively. The left atrium showed significant reduction in size (4 ± 0.54 cm) at 1-year postoperative follow up, from (4.51 ± 0.57 cm) one-week postoperative, and from (5.55 ± 0.88 cm) preoperatively. The mean left ventricular end systolic diameter significantly decreased from 4.06 ± 0.65 cm preoperatively to 3.4 ± 0.4 cm, 1-week postoperative (P = .01), and also decreased significantly to 3.45 ± 0.51 cm at 1-year follow up postoperatively, but was higher than that at 1-week follow up. Also, the mean left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased significantly during periods of follow up (P &lt; .001).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Reversal of left ventricular functions and reduction of left-sided chamber dimensions are possible if early mitral valve replacement is considered in chronic mitral regurgitation before worsening of the condition.<br /><br />
The Role of Non-Coordinated Effects in the Assessment of Minority Shareholdings
Authors: Maier-Rigaud Frank , Schwalbe Ulrich , Forster Felix 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article focusses on the non-coordinated effects of minority shareholdings in oligopolistic markets. It is demonstrated that minority shareholdings even when they fall below the usual thresholds can lead to a significant impediment of effective competition (SIEC) on a purely non-coordinated basis. This is particularly likely in a market with differentiated products, when a firm partially acquires shareholdings in its closest competitor and when the next best alternative products are only weak substitutes.
The EU Commission’s settlement practice
Authors: Gaßner Katrin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Since 2008, the settlement procedure of the EU Commission has been established as an additional possibility to terminate cartel proceedings that exists alongside the standard fine procedure. So far, the Commission has used this procedure to conclude twenty-one proceedings. With these decisions adopted under the settlement procedure, the Commission’s relatively new instrument to handle cartel cases has proven to have reached its efficiency-seeking goal. This article provides an overview of the underlying rules, summarizes the EU Commission’s practice between 2008 and now, and outlines the benefits and potential downsides of the procedure.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Post-Transplant Therapy
Authors: Lucan Valerian Ciprian , Berardinelli Luisa 
Published: September 2016

Modern immunosuppressive therapy has produced a real revolution in renal and organ transplantation but it comes with the price of multiple side effects. There are many gastrointestinal (GI) complications that are the consequence of transplant immunosuppressant medication. In fact, for any immunosuppressant therapy, certain standardized precepts and attitudes that aim to reduce the incidence and the impact of the medication side effects must be applied. Many patients undergo renal transplantation and the physicians have to be aware of the advantages and the risks associated. This article reviews the main GI complications that may arise as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation, focusing on renal and renal/pancreas transplantation, as well as the ways in which the incidence of these complications can be reduced. Management of the post-transplant therapy is mandatory in order to increase not only the grafts’ and the patients’ survival, but also their quality of life by the occurrence of fewer complications.
Abbreviations: Aza: azathioprine; CMV: cytomegalovirus; CsA: cyclosporine A; GI: gastrointestinal; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Tac: tacrolimus.