bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of stress sensitivity and its contribution to word reading in school‐aged children
Authors: Lin Candise Y. , Wang Min , Newman Rochelle S. , Li Chuchu 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThis study examined the development of stress sensitivity and its relationship with word reading. Previous research has rarely measured phoneme and stress sensitivity in the same task, making a direct comparison of the contribution between the two in reading development difficult.MethodsParticipants were native English‐speaking adults and children at ages of 6, 8, and 10 years (N = 24, 22, 22, and 24, respectively). A lexical decision task was used to measure both stress and phoneme sensitivity. Oral vocabulary, phoneme awareness, and word reading were assessed.ResultsStress sensitivity accounted for unique variance in reading over and above vocabulary and phoneme awareness in 6‐year‐olds. Both adults and children had better phoneme sensitivity than stress sensitivity.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the unique contribution of stress sensitivity in reading development. The current study made a novel contribution to studying the relationship between prosody and literacy by utilising a task that is able to assess children's stress and phoneme sensitivity simultaneously.What is already known about this topic

Prosody plays an important role in literacy acquisition across a variety of languages with word stress.
Phoneme awareness as measured by the phoneme deletion task is one of the strongest predictors of reading development in English.
Stress sensitivity may contribute to reading via vocabulary development, rime awareness, phoneme awareness, and morphological awareness.
What this paper adds

Stress sensitivity made a unique contribution to word reading over and above oral vocabulary and phoneme awareness for 6‐year‐old children.
Both stress and phoneme sensitivity was measured within the same task using the same set of materials.
Both children and adults showed better phoneme sensitivity compared to stress sensitivity.
Implications for theory, policy, or practice

Models delineating the relationship between prosody and literacy should consider unique variance explained by stress sensitivity in reading development.
Children learning to read in English may need longer literacy exposure to develop better stress sensitivity because of the lack of regularity in English stress.
Stress sensitivity may contribute to word reading given that it may help children understand stress assignment and learn unfamiliar stress representation as well as orthographic stress regularities.
Modeling Health Care Spending Growth of Older Adults
Authors: Hatfield Laura A. , Favreault Melissa M. , McGuire Thomas G. , Chernew Michael E. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo forecast out‐of‐pocket health care spending among older adults. Long‐term forecasts allow policy makers to explore potential impacts of policy scenarios, but existing microsimulations do not incorporate details of supplemental insurance coverage and income effects on health care spending.Data SourcesDynamic microsimulation calibrated to survey and administrative data.Study DesignWe augment Urban Institute's Dynamic Simulation of Income Model (DYNASIM) with modules that incorporate demand responses and economic equilibria, with dynamics driven by exogenous technological change. A lengthy technical appendix provides details of the microsimulation model and economic assumptions for readers interested in applying these techniques.Principal FindingsThe model projects total out‐of‐pocket spending (point of care plus premiums) as a share of income for adults aged 65 and older. People with lower incomes and poor health fare worse, despite protections of Medicaid. Spending rises 40 percent from 2012 to 2035 (from 10 to 14 percent of income) for the median beneficiary, but it increases from 5 to 25 percent of income for low‐income beneficiaries and from 23 to 29 percent for the near poor who are in fair/poor health.ConclusionsDespite Medicare coverage, near‐poor seniors will face out‐of‐pocket spending that would render them, in practical terms, underinsured.
Deciphering Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Credit Rating Disagreements
Authors: Bonsall Samuel B. , Koharki Kevin , Watson Luke 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the role of tax avoidance in the credit‐rating process and whether differences exist in how rating agencies account for the risk relevance of tax avoidance. Using a sample of initial credit ratings assigned to public debt issuances during 1994–2013, our evidence is consistent with Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's assessing the costs and benefits associated with tax avoidance differently from one another, resulting in more frequent and pronounced rating agency disagreement. Rating agency disagreement over tax avoidance is most evident when it is accompanied by relatively high levels of uncertain tax positions, foreign activities, research and development activities, or tax footnote opacity. We also find evidence that decreases (increases) in tax avoidance or tax footnote disclosure opacity are positively (negatively) associated with the convergence of split ratings. This suggests that firms can exacerbate or mitigate rating agency disagreement subsequent to bond issuance. Our study complements prior research by examining why sophisticated information intermediaries disagree about the risk relevance of tax avoidance. It also sheds light on how firms can influence rating agencies’ understanding of tax avoidance.
Analyst Coverage and the Likelihood of Meeting or Beating Analyst Earnings Forecasts
Authors: Huang Shawn X. , Pereira Raynolde , Wang Changjiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between analyst coverage and whether firms meet or beat analyst earnings forecasts. We distinguish between whether a firm's reported quarterly earnings meet (i.e., equal or exceed by one cent) or beat (i.e., exceed by more than one cent) its consensus analyst earnings forecasts. We find a positive relation between analyst coverage and whether a firm meets or beats analyst forecasts. However, the more pronounced relation is that between analyst coverage and meeting analyst forecasts. Also, when we consider exogenous shocks to analyst coverage due to brokerage mergers or closures and conglomerate spinoffs, we continue to find a robust positive relation only between analyst coverage and meeting analyst forecasts. To shed light on the causal relation involved, we examine and find that greater analyst coverage is associated with a significantly larger market reaction to negative earnings surprises. We also document that firms with greater analyst coverage are more likely to guide analyst earnings forecasts downwards. Taken together, our evidence suggests that greater analyst coverage raises the pressure on managers to meet analyst earnings forecasts.
Erosion mitigation in the Waikato District, New Zealand: economic implications for agriculture
Authors: Fernandez Mario Andres , Daigneault Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSoil erosion, in its various forms, is caused or aggravated by agricultural activities. Mitigation of surface erosion comprises the construction of shelterbelts, fencing, riparian buffering, and stock reduction. Mitigation of mass‐movement erosion, in turn, takes the form of spaced planting of trees to maintain a persistent, healthy, and complete ground cover. In this article, we assess the economic implications to agriculture of the adoption of mitigation alternatives for erosion control in the Waikato District, New Zealand. The Waikato District presents a spatial pattern of erosion that affects profitability of dairy, and sheep and beef enterprises. We use the Universal Soil Loss Equation and the New Zealand Empirical Erosion Model to estimate erosion figures that are then fed into an economic‐focused, nonlinear, partial equilibrium mathematical programming model of New Zealand land use. Different scenarios are constructed for surface and mass‐movement soil erosion targets ranging from 0% to 50% below baseline levels. We find that achieving surface erosion targets is more expensive than mass‐movement targets, and results in different responses in regional‐level costs, land use, enterprise net revenue, and adoption of mitigation alternatives.
Shellfish allergens: tropomyosin and beyond
Authors: Faber M. A. , Pascal M. , El Kharbouchi O. , Sabato V. , Hagendorens M. M. , Decuyper I. I. , Bridts C. H. , Ebo D. G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIgE‐mediated shellfish allergy constitutes an important cause of food‐related adverse reactions. Shellfish are classified into mollusks and crustaceans, the latter belonging to the class of arthropoda. Among crustaceans, shrimps are the most predominant cause of allergic reactions and thus more extensively studied. Several major and minor allergens have been identified and cloned. Among them, invertebrate tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein, and hemocyanin are the most relevant. This review summarizes our current knowledge about these allergens.
One‐to‐one mobile technology in high school physics classrooms: Understanding its use and outcome
Authors: Zhai Xiaoming , Zhang Meilan , Li Min 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study examined ways in which high school students used mobile devices in physics classrooms and after school, and the impact of in‐class and after‐school mobile technology use on their physics learning performance and interest. We collected data from 803 high school freshmen in China after they had used mobile devices for over five months. A fixed‐effects model was employed to control the undetected variances. Results indicated that the students frequently used their mobile devices for physics learning in class and after school. Students also perceived the mobile devices as very useful for their physics learning, and their perception of usefulness was positively correlated with their frequency of use. Both the in‐class and after‐school duration and frequency of mobile technology use positively influenced students' physics learning achievement and interest. However, we also found that mobile technology was mainly used to augment rather than to transform instructional practices in physics classrooms. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications and limitations of these results for research and practice.
Deciduoid mesothelioma of the thorax: A comprehensive review of the scientific literature
Authors: Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Putzu Carlo , Ginesu Giorgio Carlo , Cossu Maria Laura , Feo Claudio Francesco , Attene Federico , Scognamillo Fabrizio , Nonnis Rita , Cossu Antonio , Palmieri Giuseppe , Pirina Pietro , Fois Alessandro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveDeciduoid mesothelioma is a rare variant of malignant epithelioid mesothelioma. It often involves the peritoneum, but also thoracic cases have been reported. The aim of the present review is to describe the demographic, clinical, radiological, and pathological features of such a rare variant of thoracic mesothelioma, and the state of the art regarding the therapeutic approaches currently available.Data sourceEnglish‐language articles published from 1985 to June 2016, and related to thoracic deciduoid mesothelioma cases were retrieved using the Pubmed database.Study selectionThe search terms were “mesothelioma,” “thoracic mesothelioma,” “epithelial mesothelioma,” “pleural mesothelioma,” and “deciduoid mesothelioma.”ResultsForty‐four cases included in 16 articles, published in the period under investigation, were analyzed in detail.ConclusionsThe mean age of the patients was 63 years, and the male to female ratio 1.7:1. Approximately 58% had exposure to asbestos, and 73% had a smoking history; familiarity was rarely reported. The most common anatomical site of origin was the right pleura, and the most frequent clinical manifestations were chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Thoracic X‐ray and computed tomography were the imaging techniques most employed for diagnosis and surgical planning. The pathological diagnosis was obtained by examination of surgical or biopsy specimens in most cases. The best treatment strategy of deciduoid mesothelioma is a matter of debate; nevertheless a multidisciplinary approach is currently the best option for the choice of the adequate therapeutic scheme.
Mounier‐Kuhn syndrome (tracheobronchomegaly): An analysis of eleven cases
Authors: Akgedik Recep , Karamanli Harun , Kizilirmak Deniz , Kurt Ali Bekir , Öztürk Hasan , Yildirim Berna Botan , Çakir Lütfullah 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimMounier‐Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a congenital disorder characterized by tracheobronchomegaly resulting from the absence of elastic fibers in the trachea and main bronchi or atrophy and thinning of the smooth muscle layer. In this syndrome, dead space associated with tracheobronchomegaly increases and discharge of secretions decreases because of ineffective coughing. The most common complications are recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiectasis. We examined the clinical characteristics, radiological features, and related complications of patients with MKS.MethodsThe cases were obtained between September 2007 and November 2015. Computed tomography scans of the chest were used to diagnose tracheobronchomegaly.ResultsAll cases (a total of 11) were males with a mean age of 63 ± 13 (range, 38‐80) years. The mean diameter of the trachea was 31.53 ± 2.99 mm; the mean transverse diameter was 31.69 ± 3.10 mm and the mean sagittal diameter was 31.36 ± 3.01 mm. Complaints at the time of presentation included chronic cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. There were recurrent pulmonary infections in seven cases, bronchiectasis in six, and tracheal diverticulum in four at the time of diagnosis.ConclusionsIn this article, 11 cases with various rarely seen complications are presented and evaluated in the light of current literature. We recommend that if chronic cough, recurrent pulmonary infections, and bronchiectasis seen in a patient, MKS should be kept in mind.
Bench evaluation of commercially available and newly developed interfaces for mouthpiece ventilation
Authors: Ogna Adam , Prigent Helene , Falaize Line , Leroux Karl , Santos Dante , Vaugier Isabelle , Orlikowski David , Lofaso Frederic 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionMouthpiece ventilation represents a valuable treatment for patients needing daytime non‐invasive ventilation. This modality is however underused, in part because of limitations in the available equipment.ObjectiveTo develop a new flexible and moldable mouthpiece, aiming to address some of the issues of the currently available interfaces.MethodsWe compared two commercially available and the newly developed mouthpieces in a bench test using four life‐support home ventilators and three settings per ventilator.ResultsThe three interfaces showed marked differences in their resistive characteristics. In the volume‐controlled setting (VC‐CMV) with 500 mL tidal volume (VT), the delivered VT, ranged between 459 ± 7 mL (−8%) and 501 ± 4 mL (+0.2%), according to the used ventilator. In the VC‐CMV setting with VT 1000 mL, one of the ventilators did not assure the set VT with the new mouthpiece, because of the high‐pressure limitation. In the pressure‐controlled setting (PC‐CMV at 20 cmH2O), the effective pressure differed between the tested interfaces according to their resistance, resulting in a decrease in the delivered VT.ConclusionsThey found measurable differences in the ventilation's performances comparing the interfaces for mouthpiece ventilation, which seem to have a minor clinical relevance in the most settings, but should be systematically checked. They validated in‐vitro the newly developed mouthpiece with respect to the ventilation performances; a clinical study is needed to investigate the potential advantages we expect from the new mouthpiece.
Differentiating regressed melanoma from regressed lichenoid keratosis
Authors: Chan Aegean H. , Shulman Kenneth J. , Lee Bonnie A. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDistinguishing regressed lichen planus‐like keratosis (LPLK) from regressed melanoma can be difficult on histopathologic examination, potentially resulting in mismanagement of patients.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify histopathologic features by which regressed melanoma can be differentiated from regressed LPLK.MethodsTwenty actively inflamed LPLK, 12 LPLK with regression and 15 melanomas with regression were compared and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as Melan‐A, microphthalmia transcription factor (MiTF) and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) immunostaining.Results(1) A total of 40% of regressed melanomas showed complete or near complete loss of melanocytes within the epidermis with Melan‐A and MiTF immunostaining, while 8% of regressed LPLK exhibited this finding. (2) Necrotic keratinocytes were seen in the epidermis in 33% regressed melanomas as opposed to all of the regressed LPLK. (3) A dense infiltrate of melanophages in the papillary dermis was seen in 40% of regressed melanomas, a feature not seen in regressed LPLK.ConclusionsIn summary, our findings suggest that a complete or near complete loss of melanocytes within the epidermis strongly favors a regressed melanoma over a regressed LPLK. In addition, necrotic epidermal keratinocytes and the presence of a dense band‐like distribution of dermal melanophages can be helpful in differentiating these lesions.
Managing glycaemia in older people with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective, primary care‐based cohort study, with economic assessment of patient outcomes
Authors: Gordon Jason , McEwan Phil , Evans Marc , Puelles Jorge , Sinclair Alan 
Published: December 2016

AimsTo describe the relative health and economic outcomes associated with different second‐line therapeutic approaches to manage glycaemia in older type 2 diabetes patients requiring escalation from metformin monotherapy.Materials and methodsThe Clinical Practice Research Datalink database was used to inform a retrospective observational cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin monotherapy requiring escalation (addition or switch) to a second‐line oral regimen from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2014. Primary outcomes included time to first event (any event, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, or composite of MI/stroke [major adverse cardiovascular event; MACE]) and total event rate. The health economic consequences associated with the choice of second‐line treatment in older patients were assessed using the CORE Diabetes Model.ResultsA total of 10 484 patients were included; the majority escalated to second‐line treatment with metformin + sulphonylurea (SU; 42%) or switched to SU monotherapy (28%). In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39‐0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP‐4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27‐0.99). Economic analyses estimated that metformin + DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment was associated with the largest gain in health benefit, and cost‐effectiveness ratios were favourable (<£30 000 per quality‐adjusted life‐year) for all second‐line treatment scenarios.ConclusionsWith respect to treatment choice, data from the present study support the notion of prescribing beyond metformin + SU, as alternative regimens have been shown to be associated with reduced outcomes risk and value for money.
Effects of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on two kelp bed communities on the Sanriku coast
Authors: Muraoka Daisuke , Tamaki Hitoshi , Takami Hideki , Kurita Yutaka , Kawamura Tomohiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo determine the effects of the tsunami on kelp bed communities, we examined two kelp beds that had been surveyed before 2011 on the Pacific coast of Honshu Island, Japan. One survey was conducted in Tomarihama on the Oshika Peninsula, which is dominated by the large perennial brown alga Eisenia bicyclis, and the other survey was conducted in Nagane in Otsuchi Bay, where the large annual brown alga Saccharina japonica var. religiosa dominates. In Tomarihama, the tsunami was associated with a limited loss of E. bicyclis individuals. In contrast, the population of sea urchins, the primary herbivore occurring at high densities, drastically decreased after the earthquake, and a large occurrence of juvenile E. bicyclis was then observed over a broader depth range owing to the decrease in grazing pressure. Some of these juveniles survived to adulthood, and with survival over this extended depth range, the E. bicyclis bed expanded to deeper areas. In Nagane, the biomass of S. japonica var. religiosa displayed no significant change before and after the earthquake. A definite reduction in sea urchins was not observed after the earthquake. Thus, the impact of the earthquake and tsunami widely differed between Tomarihama and Nagane.
Efficacy and safety of a VWF/FVIII concentrate (wilate®) in inherited von Willebrand disease patients undergoing surgical procedures
Authors: Srivastava A. , Serban M. , Werner S. , Schwartz B. A. , Kessler C. M. ,   the Wonders Study Investigators
Published: December 2016

IntroductionSurgical procedures in von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients may require prophylactic treatment with exogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) to prevent excessive bleeding. Wilate® is a plasma‐derived, double virus‐inactivated, highly purified, freeze‐dried VWF/FVIII concentrate, containing both factors in a physiological activity ratio of 1:1.AimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of wilate® in maintaining haemostasis in VWD patients undergoing surgical procedures.MethodsThis prospective, open‐label multinational clinical study documents 28 individuals who underwent 30 surgical procedures managed with wilate®. Twenty‐one patients had VWD Type 3, and 21 surgeries were major. Efficacy was assessed intra‐ and postoperatively by the surgeon and investigator, respectively, and adjudicated by an Independent Data Monitoring Committee, using an objective scale based on blood loss, transfusion requirements and postoperative bleeding and oozing. Treatment success (primary endpoint) was determined using a composite assessment algorithm and was formally assessed.ResultsSurgical prophylaxis with wilate® was successful in 29 of 30 procedures. The overall rate of success was 96.7% (98.75% CI: 0.784, 1.000). All 21 surgeries in patients with VWD Type 3 were managed successfully. There was no accumulation of VWF or FVIII after multiple dosing, and no thromboembolic events or inhibitors to VWF or FVIII were observed.ConclusionsWilate® demonstrated effective prevention and treatment of bleeding in inherited VWD patients undergoing surgery, with no clinically significant safety concerns.
Antioxidant and anti‐acetylcholinesterase activities of anchovy (Coilia mystus) protein hydrolysates and their memory‐improving effects on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Xu Jucai , Zhao Hongwei , Jiang Weiwen , Guo Xiaolei , Zhao Mouming , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Zhao Qiangzhong , Su Guowan 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAnchovy protein hydrolysates (APHs) were prepared through hydrolysis for 2, 4 or 8 h (APH‐2, APH‐4 and APH‐8, respectively). The chemical analyses, in vitro assessments [antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity] and in vivo mice tests were evaluated. Results revealed that APH‐8 exhibited the strongest reducing power and AchE inhibitory capacity (IC50 = 159.76 ± 0.03 mg mL−1), which may be due to its specific amino acid composition and newly formed peptides. In addition, AchE inhibitory kinetics of amino acids suggested that lysine was featured of both competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors. Furthermore, the results of in vivo study showed that all APHs exhibited memory‐improving action on scopolamine‐induced amnesia mice especially, APH‐8, indicating that anchovy protein is a potential source for health‐promoting peptides.