bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Systems and Software Product Line Management Implementation in Extended Enterprise
Authors: Mauersberger Ralf , Reyterou Claude 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn large, transnational organizations like the Airbus Group, which is developing highly complex, long‐leading products and services in multidisciplinary environments, the Systems and Software Product Lines Management (SPL) is of high interest because it offers the capability to manage high levels of commonality between product variants as well as maximize reusability. However, issues like the compatibility of development artefacts from one program to the other and the storage of information in several separated data repositories currently lead to manual treatment of variability and reusability, which is prone to errors, not traceable and being very limited in scope.These issues are likely to become ever more challenging and complex with future programs based on high levels of customization and challenging production ramp‐up to produce complex products in very short term. In such a situation, the faster definition of new product families with the benefits of SPL should encompass the needs to integrate SPL concepts across all engineering phases and artefacts. It should also enable multi‐system requirements with regard to reusability of components or incremental certification and assure efficient development, cost transparency and scalability of the solution space.In this vision paper, we present the initial results of our investigations on Systems and Software Product Line Management based on a thorough survey of State of the Art Theory and Practice approaches discussed in the scientific community and applied by other industries. Consequently we use this information to derive possible perspectives for introducing a systematic and low risk approach for SPL in order to support the divisions of Airbus Group to make a step forward in that direction.
The Key Roles of Maintainability in an Ontology for System Qualities
Authors: Boehm Barry , Chen Celia , Srisopha Kamonphop , Shi Lin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn our INCOSE IS 2015 paper, “An Initial Ontology for System Qualities,” (SQs), we provided an IDEF5 class hierarchy of upper‐level SQs, where the top level reflected classes of stakeholder value propositions (Mission Effectiveness, Resource Utilization, Dependability, Flexibility), and the next level identified means‐ends enablers of the higher‐level SQs. In experimenting with, refining and formalizing the ontology, we focused on a depth‐first approach on a chosen SQ: Maintainability. It is key to reducing 75% of most systems’ life cycle costs. Also Maintainability plays key roles in three of the four top‐level SQs: Resource Utilization (now called Life Cycle Efficiency) Dependability, and Flexibility (now called Changeability). Dependability also needs Maintainability to relate Reliability to Availability; and Changeability also needs Maintainability to address new system challenges and opportunities. This paper summarizes resulting changes in the SQ ontology, and also provides examples of Maintainability need and use, quantitative relations where available, and summaries and references on improved practices.
Conceptual Framework of Smart Manufacturing Execution System Based on Systems Engineering Approach
Authors: Byeong‐Woo Jeon , Dae‐Geun Hong , Kee‐Young Shin , Suk‐Hwan Suh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractManufacturing Execution System(MES) is in charge of manufacturing execution based on the inputs given by high level information such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) and shop floor dat. MES implemented in modern factories is focusing on helping people to manage production activities based on collected shop floor data. Since not only men but also other factors such as machines can affect productivity, managing machine activity based on shop floor situation real‐time is important if the number of skilled workers isn't enough, which is brought up in the advanced country. Smart factory system in the paradigm of Industry 4.0 tries to solve the problems via CPS (Cyber Physical System) technology.In this paper, we conducted Systems Engineering Approach to design an advanced MES (namely Smart MES) that can accommodate CPS concept. Specifically, we tailored Systems Engineering Process (SEP) based on an International Standard formalized as ISO/IEC 15288 to develop Stakeholders’ Requirements (StR), System Requirements (SyR). The results of the research can provide a conceptual framework for future MES that can play a crucial role in the Smart Factory.
A Framework for Life–Cycle Cost Analysis for Future‐Proof Systems
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Ryan Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn addition to elements that meet current capability, future‐proof system generally comprises elements to meet some or all of predicted future capability future proof system generally consists of the future capability elements (known as a projection of future capability) in the system design. The inclusion of the future projection affects the original system dynamics and thus affects the system capability and cost. The dynamics of future proofing plays an important role in the system design process and life‐cycle cost analysis (LCCA). In this paper, we present a framework for dynamic analysis of the life‐cycle cost analysis for future‐proof systems. The method presented in this paper may also be used to select an optimum future capability projection where the objective is the minimum cost of the ownership of the system. Here dynamics of future proofing is discussed in the context of the life‐cycle cost of a system. Finally, several examples are presented to explain the application of the developed framework.
The Application of Parameter Dependency Diagrams in System Design. A missile system design example
Authors: Viljoen Gerrit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe traditional approach to the design of systems with interrelated elements is an iterative approach. In this paper the author explores the parameter dependence diagram as developed by Eisner to reduce the number of iterations. PDDs are also used to define the functional areas and physical elements in the system. Finally, the approach is demonstrated with a missile system design example. It is recommended that parameter dependency diagrams be used more frequently in the design of highly interrelated systems.
Evaluating the effectiveness of applying a Requirements Management System for a Subsea Oil and Gas Workover System
Authors: Damien Wee Kok Yi , Muller Gerrit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe accurate elicitation, analysis, and management of requirements throughout the system life cycle of oil and gas workover equipment are essential to the successful delivery of this system on schedule and within budget. There is a need for workover system providers to look for ways to better elicit, analyze, and manage requirements in order to reduce non‐conformances and stay profitable. This paper evaluates the effectiveness and effort of using customized software named Requirements Management System (RMS) to process requirements for oil and gas workover equipment. We evaluate the RMS through peer review and guidelines from ISO/IEC TR24766.We receive positive feedbacks regarding the use of the RMS as a platform for managing requirements and highlight several areas for improvement. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research on quantitative means of evaluating the effectiveness and effort to implement the RMS.
Decision‐Driven Product Development
Authors: Hause Matthew , Korff Andreas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProduct Line Engineering (PLE) is the engineering and management of a group of related products using a shared set of assets and a means of design and manufacturing. PLE can include system and software, assets and involves all aspects of engineering including electrical, electronic, mechanical, chemical, etc. PLE is normally considered after the product has evolved and complexity becomes too much to manage. Leveraging PLE from the very beginning will identify cost savings and commonality and provide a natural means for product evolution. Orthogonal Variability Modeling (OVM) provides a natural decision set allowing engineers to perform trade‐offs for specific customers and guide system development along the most effective route. Using automotive examples, this paper will describe Model‐based Product Line Engineering, the process for creating product lines, and the benefits of this approach as applicable to the military ground vehicle domain. Finally, it will show how the adoption of MB‐PLE early on in the development lifecycle provides more benefits without the potential disruption and re‐engineering that can be involved when it is adopted later on in the lifecycle.
Quantifying Sustainability in System Design
Authors: Carson Ronald S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA standard definition of sustainability as development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” requires the ability to identify and quantify needs as well as quantify a compromised ability of future generations to meet their needs. In a new Engineering course in the “Appropriate and Sustainable Engineering” program, Seattle Pacific University is addressing how to analyze systems during the design activity to address such sustainability issues. These include the use of exergy and resource depletion as measurable effects of systems, the consideration of life‐cycle phases of development, manufacturing, testing, operations, and disposal, decision‐making considering sustainability trade‐off criteria, and managing life‐cycle and design resources. Specific system design and analysis techniques are also included, such as considerations for human‐systems integration, safety and reliability in all life‐cycle phases. Being able to quantify the sustainability measures yields an ability to quantitatively differentiate among competing alternative system designs based on specific life‐cycle considerations and quantified sustainability impacts.
The Roles of Fathers' Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Adult Offspring's Differentiation of the Self in the Intergenerational Transmission of Captivity Trauma
Authors: Nicolai Shelly , Zerach Gadi , Solomon Zahava 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThis prospective study aims to assess the role of fathers' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSS), the course of these symptoms over the years, and the relationship between these symptoms and their adult offspring's own PTSS and level of differentiation of self.MethodA sample of 123 Israeli father–child dyads (79 ex‐prisoners of war [ex‐POWs] dyads and a comparison group of 44 veterans' dyads) completed self‐report measures. The fathers participated in 2 waves of measurements (1991 and 2008), while the offspring took part in 2013–2014.ResultsIncrease in the fathers' PTSS over the years was related to high levels of his offspring's PTSS. Among ex‐POWs' offspring, self‐differentiation mediated the association between the father's PTSS and offspring's PTSS. Thus, a greater increase in the ex‐POWs' PTSS over time was correlated to lower levels of the offspring's self‐differentiation, which in turn was correlated to higher rates of PTSS.ConclusionVeterans' PTSS as well as offspring's self‐differentiation are mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of captivity trauma.
Decomposition rate and enzymatic activity of composted municipal waste and poultry manure in the soil in a biofuel crops field
Authors: Cordovil Cláudia Marques‐dos‐Santos , de Varennes Amarilis , Pinto Renata Machado dos Santos , Alves Tiago Filipe , Mendes Pedro , Sampaio Sílvio César 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofuel crops are gaining importance because of the need to replace non‐renewable sources. Also, due to the increasing amounts of wastes generated, there is the need to recycle them to the soil, both to fertilize crops and to improve soil physical properties through organic matter increase and microbiological changes in the rhizosphere. We therefore studied the influence of six biofuel crops (elephant grass, giant cane, sugarcane, blue gum, black cottonwood, willow) on the decomposition rate and enzymatic activity of composted municipal solid waste and poultry manure. Organic amendments were incubated in the field (litterbag method), buried near each plant or bare soil. Biomass decrease and dehydrogenase, urease and acid phosphatase level in amendments was monitored over a 180‐day period. Soil under the litterbags was analysed for the same enzymatic activity and organic matter fractions (last sampling). After 365 days, a fractionation of organic matter was carried out in both amendments and soil under the litterbags.RESULTSFor compost, willow and sugarcane generally led to the greatest enzymatic activity, at the end of the experiment. For manure, dehydrogenase activity decreased sharply with time, the smallest value near sugarcane, while phosphatase and urease generally presented the highest values, at the beginning or after 90 days' incubation. Clustering showed that plant species could be grouped based on biomass and enzymes measured over time.CONCLUSIONSPlant species influenced the decomposition rate and enzymatic activities of the organic amendments. Overall, mineralization of both amendments was associated with a greater urease activity in soils. Dehydrogenase activity in manure was closely associated with urease activity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Endolysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Recent developments and future challenges
Authors: Kett Lauren R. , Dauer William T. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, genetic, cell biological, and in vivo work emphasizes the role of the endolysosomal system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Yet many questions remain about the mechanisms by which primary endolysosomal dysfunction causes PD as well as how the endolysosomal system interacts with α‐synuclein‐mediated neurotoxicity. We recently described a new mouse model of parkinsonism in which loss of the endolysosomal protein Atp13a2 causes behavioral, neuropathological, and biochemical changes similar to those present in human subjects with ATP13A2 mutations. In this Scientific Perspectives, we revisit the evidence implicating the endolysosomal system in PD, current hypotheses of disease pathogenesis, and how recent studies refine these hypotheses and raise new questions for future research. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Capping vertically aligned InGaAs/GaAs(Sb) quantum dots with a AlGaAsSb spacer layer in intermediate‐band solar cell devices
Authors: Liu Wei‐Sheng , Lin Hsiao‐Chien , Liu Ren‐Yo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating a highly stacked vertically aligned InGaAs/GaAs(Sb) quantum dot (QD) structure with an AlGaAsSb spacer layer for improving the device performance of QD intermediate‐band solar cell (QD‐IBSC) devices. The power‐dependent photoluminescence measurements of the proposed structure revealed a blueshift in the QD ground‐state emissions when the excitation power was increased, indicating the formation of an intermediate band inside the QD structure. Capping the InGaAs QDs with a GaAsSb layer prevented the QDs from collapsing because there was less In–Ga intermixing between the QDs and GaAsSb layer. In addition to maintaining the QD structure, the carrier lifetime was extended by tuning the energy band alignment of the InGaAs/GaAsSb QD structure. Inserting the AlGaAsSb layer into the spacer layer increased the band gap, which in turn increased the open‐circuit voltage of the QD‐IBSC. The QD‐IBSC in this work shows an extension of external‐quantum efficiency by up to 1200 nm (compared with a GaAs reference cell) through the absorption by QDs and increased the open‐circuit voltage from 0.67 to 0.70 V by adopting the AlGaAsSb spacer layer. These results confirm that adopting a columnar InGaAs/GaAs(Sb) QD structure with a AlGaAsSb spacer layer can enhance the performance of QD‐IBSC devices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Easily attainable new approach to mass yield ferrocenyl Schiff base and different metal complexes of ferrocenyl Schiff base through convenient ultrasonication‐solvothermal method
Authors: Elseman Ahmed Mourtada , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Rashad Mohamed M. , Hassan Ali M. , Ibrahim Nabila M. , Nassar Amr M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new alternative approach with crucial mass yield and high reaction rates is proposed for the synthesis of ferrocenyl Schiff bases using an ultrasonication‐solvothermal method. Equimolar condensation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and 2‐aminophenol interact with each other, giving 1‐(1‐[2‐hydroxyphenyl‐2‐imino]methyl)‐ferrocene (FcOH). Furthermore, this ligand forms 1:1 complexes with cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and palladium(II) ions. From the different spectral data, it is found that metal ions coordinate with ligands through the azomethine group and the deprotonated oxygen of the phenol groups. Moreover, FcOH and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and UV‐visible spectrophotometry. The spectral data of FcOH and its metal complexes were discussed in connection with the structural changes due to complexation. Meanwhile, the information about geometric structures can be concluded from the electronic spectra and the magnetic moments. Plainly, electron spin resonance spectra of the Cu(II) complex revealed dx2−y2 as a ground state, suggesting a square planar geometry around the Cu(II) center. The direct optical band gap energy Eg values of cobalt, nickel, copper, and palladium complexes of FcOH are found to be 3.7, 3.9, 4.6, and 3.65 eV, respectively. 1‐(1‐[2‐Hydroxyphenyl‐2‐imino]methyl)‐ferrocene and its metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity. The results depict that the metal complexes were found to be more strongly antibacterial than the guardian Schiff base ligand (FcOH) against one or more bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial properties of the purified compound were determined using the broth microdilution method.
SUPERMAT – A virtual center for sustainable development of advanced materials operating under extreme conditions
Authors: Piticescu Radu R. , Cuesta‐Lopez Santiago , Rinaldi Antonio , Urbina Marina , Qin Yi , Szakalos Peter , Largeteau Alain 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe expertise, main experimental facilities and some selected results of the EU SUPERMAT Consortium are described, showing the importance of integrating modelling and simulation, fast sintering and coating technologies and specific characterisation techniques for obtaining high temperature ceramics, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels or Li‐ion batteries with controlled properties for extreme environmental applications. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The dynamics of intensification in a Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010)
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Zhang Jun A. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: September 2016

We use a high‐resolution numerical simulation of Atlantic Hurricane Earl (2010) to increase our understanding of Earl's intensification in relatively strong vertical shear in the context of a recent paradigm for tropical cyclone intensification. The integrity of the simulation is judged by comparing analyses thereof with those of the unprecedented observational data gathered in Earl. Consistent with the classical view of spin‐up, the amplification of the tangential wind field above the boundary layer is found to occur as the absolute angular momentum surfaces are drawn inwards by the aggregate heating of the rotating convective clouds in the interior of the vortex. In addition to this classical pathway, spin‐up occurs within the inner‐core boundary layer, where the maximum tangential winds occur. The latter is another element of the new paradigm.Despite the detrimental influence of the shear on the vortex alignment and in depressing the pseudo‐equivalent potential temperature outside the developing eyewall, the combined eddy processes associated with the vortical plume structures in and around the developing eyewall region are shown to contribute to an enhanced overturning circulation and an intensifying storm. These eddy processes are distinctly agradient effects that are not features of the classical spin‐up mechanism. It remains to be understood how the rotating convective updraughts combine to produce the diagnosed structures of the eddy terms themselves and how vortex Rossby waves and other eddies contribute to the alignment of the vortex during intensification.
A novel tool for stable nitrogen isotope analysis in aqueous samples
Authors: Federherr E. , Kupka H. J. , Cerli C. , Kalbitz K. , Dunsbach R. , Loos A. , de Reus M. , Lange L. , Panetta R. J. , Schmidt T. C. 
Published: September 2016

RationaleBulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) of dissolved matter (e.g. dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen bound (TNb), etc.) is of particular importance since this pool is a prime conduit in the cycling of N and C. Studying the two elemental pools is of importance, as transformation and transport processes of N and C are inextricably linked in all biologically mediated systems. No system able to analyze natural abundance stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition in aqueous samples (without offline sample preparation) and simultaneously has been reported so far. Extension of the high‐temperature combustion (HTC) system, to be capable of measuring TNb stable nitrogen isotope composition, is described in this study.MethodsTo extend the TOC analyzer to be capable of measuring TNb, modifications from the HTC high‐performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HPLC/IRMS) interface were implemented and expanded. A reduction reactor for conversion of NOx into N2 was implemented into the new developed system. The extension addresses mainly the development of the focusing unit for nitrogen and a degassing device for online separation of TNb from molecular nitrogen (N2) prior to injection.ResultsThe proof of principle of the system was demonstrated with different compound solutions. In this initial testing, the δ15NAIR‐N2 values of the tested compounds were determined with precision and trueness of typically ≤0.5‰. Good results (u ≤ 0.5‰) could be achieved down to a TNb concentration of 40 mgN/L and acceptable results (u ≤ 1.0‰) down to 5 mgN/L. In addition, the development resulted in the first system reported to be suitable for simultaneous and direct δ13C and δ15N BSIA of aqueous samples.ConclusionsThe development resulted in the first system shown to be suitable for both δ13C and δ15N direct BSIA in aqueous samples. This system could open up new possibilities in SIA‐based research fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.