bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imbalance between subsets of CD8+peripheral blood T cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Gang , Zhang Ming-Qiang , Xiong Xian-Zhi , Liu Hong-Ju , Xin Jian-Bao , Zhang Jian-Chu , Wu Jiang-Hua , Meng Zhao-Ji , Sun Sheng-Wen 
Published: August 2016

Background.CD8+T lymphocytes are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, systematic analyses of CD8+T cell (Cytotoxic T cells, Tc) subsets in COPD patients have yet to be well conducted.Methods.The whole Tc subsets, including Tc1/2/10/17, CD8+regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+α7+T cells, were quantified by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 24 stable COPD subjects (SCOPD), 14 patients during acute exacerbations (AECOPD), and 14 healthy nonsmokers (HN).Results.Acute exacerbations of COPD were accompanied by elevated levels of circulating CD8+T cells. Tc1 cells were increased in both SCOPD and AECOPD patients, whereas the percentage of Tc2 cells was decreased in SCOPD patients but remained normal in AECOPD patients. Tc17 cells were increased only in AECOPD patients, and the percentage of Tc10 cells was reduced in both SCOPD and AECOPD patients. The imbalances of pro/anti-inflammatory Tc subsets observed in COPD may be caused by the lack of Tc10 cells and the impaired anti-inflammatory capacity of CD8+Tregs.Conclusions.The imbalances between subsets of CD8+peripheral blood T cells contribute to the immune response dysfunction in COPD pathogenesis.
Intraplate volcanism controlled by back‐arc and continental structures in NE Asia inferred from transdimensional Bayesian ambient noise tomography
Authors: Kim Seongryong , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Rhie Junkee , Chen Youlin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntraplate volcanism adjacent to active continental margins is not simply explained by plate tectonics or plume interaction. Recent volcanoes in northeast (NE) Asia, including NE China and the Korean Peninsula, are characterized by heterogeneous tectonic structures and geochemical compositions. Here we apply a transdimensional Bayesian tomography to estimate high‐resolution images of group and phase velocity variations (with periods between 8 and 70 s). The method provides robust estimations of velocity maps, and the reliability of results is tested through carefully designed synthetic recovery experiments. Our maps reveal two sublithospheric low‐velocity anomalies that connect back‐arc regions (in Japan and Ryukyu Trench) with current margins of continental lithosphere where the volcanoes are distributed. Combined with evidences from previous geochemical and geophysical studies, we argue that the volcanoes are related to the low‐velocity structures associated with back‐arc processes and preexisting continental lithosphere.
Origin of the pulse‐like signature of shallow long‐period volcano seismicity
Authors: Chouet Bernard A. , Dawson Phillip B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractShort‐duration, pulse‐like long‐period (LP) events are a characteristic type of seismicity accompanying eruptive activity at Mount Etna in Italy in 2004 and 2008 and at Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica and Ubinas Volcano in Peru in 2009. We use the discrete wave number method to compute the free surface response in the near field of a rectangular tensile crack embedded in a homogeneous elastic half space and to gain insights into the origin of the LP pulses. Two source models are considered, including (1) a vertical fluid‐driven crack and (2) a unilateral tensile rupture growing at a fixed sub‐Rayleigh velocity with constant opening on a vertical crack. We apply cross correlation to the synthetics and data to demonstrate that a fluid‐driven crack provides a natural explanation for these data with realistic source sizes and fluid properties. Our modeling points to shallow sources (<1 km depth), whose signatures are representative of the Rayleigh pulse sampled at epicentral distances >∼1 km. While a slow‐rupture failure provides another potential model for these events, the synthetics and resulting fits to the data are not optimal in this model compared to a fluid‐driven source. We infer that pulse‐like LP signatures are parts of the continuum of responses produced by shallow fluid‐driven sources in volcanoes.
Quantifying the contribution of glacier meltwater in the expansion of the largest lake in Tibet
Authors: Tong Kai , Su Fengge , Xu Baiqing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLake Siling Co is currently the largest endorheic lake in Tibet, and the lake surface area has expanded by about 40% since the 1970s, with a remarkable acceleration after 1999. In this study, a hydrologic modeling framework was established by linking the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface hydrologic model with the degree‐day glacier‐melt model over the Lake Siling Co basin, with an aim to quantify the contribution of each runoff component to changes in the lake storage. We found that glacier melt contributed to less than 10% of the total water input to the lake during 1979–2013, while precipitation‐induced runoff in nonglacierized area was responsible for about 67–75%. The mean annual water input to the lake increased by 2.15 × 109 m3 yr−1 in 2000–2013 relative to that in 1979–1999. The amount of precipitation over the lake surface, precipitation‐induced runoff, and glacier‐melt runoff accounted for 13%, 82%, and 5% of this total increase, respectively, suggesting that the substantial expansion of Siling Co in the 2000s was mostly due to the increase in precipitation‐induced runoff. When modeling lake level changes during 1979–2013, we found that the water level rose by 14.1 m when glacier melt was included and by only 10.5 m, a reduction of about one fourth, when glacier melt was removed. It is concluded that glacier melt played an important role in controlling the water level of Siling Co, although it only contributed less than 10% of water input to the lake during 1979–2013.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α‐Alkynyl‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters from a Terminal Alkyne, Diazoesters and Aldehydes
Authors: Wu Chenggui , Liu Zhenxing , Zhang Zhikun , Ye Fei , Deng Guisheng , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new synthetic method for α‐alkynyl‐α,β‐unsaturated esters is presented herein. The method is based on a copper(I)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of a terminal alkyne, diazoesters and aldehydes. The reaction is featured by mild conditions, high yields and excellent stereoselectivity. Cu(I) carbene migratory insertion is proposed as the key step in the transformation.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Functionalization of 8‐Aminoquinolines with Sodium and Lithium Sulfinates
Authors: Liang Shuai , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simple and mild copper‐catalyzed sulfonylation of 8‐aminoquinolines with sodium and lithium sulfinates is reported. In the presence of manganese(III) acetate [Mn(OAc)3] as cooxidant a highly site‐selective C−H functionalization at the C‐5 position takes place. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature in air and various sulfones were synthesized in moderate to high yields. Moreover, a straightforward procedure for the conversion of organolithium reagents and sulfur dioxide into C‐5 sulfonylated quinolines was developed.magnified image
Cobalt‐Catalyzed, Imine‐Directed Olefin Hydroarylation under Grignard‐Free Conditions
Authors: Xu Wengang , Pek Jie Hui , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report here that a cobalt catalyst generated from a cobalt(II) salt and a ligand using magnesium metal is capable of promoting hydroarylation reactions through chelation‐assisted C−H activation. With the appropriate choice of the ligand and other reaction conditions, ketimine‐ or aldimine‐directed branched selective hydroarylations of styrenes and ketimine‐directed hydroarylations of vinylsilane have been achieved. The reported catalytic systems may serve as more convenient alternatives to previously developed catalytic systems employing Grignard reagents as reducing agents.magnified image
A Simple and Versatile Amide Directing Group for C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Zhu Ru‐Yi , Farmer Marcus E. , Chen Yan‐Qiao , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAchieving selective C−H activation at a single and strategic site in the presence of multiple C−H bonds can provide a powerful and generally useful retrosynthetic disconnection. In this context, a directing group serves as a compass to guide the transition metal to C−H bonds by using distance and geometry as powerful recognition parameters to distinguish between proximal and distal C−H bonds. However, the installation and removal of directing groups is a practical drawback. To improve the utility of this approach, one can seek solutions in three directions: 1) Simplifying the directing group, 2) using common functional groups or protecting groups as directing groups, and 3) attaching the directing group to substrates via a transient covalent bond to render the directing group catalytic. This Review describes the rational development of an extremely simple and yet broadly applicable directing group for PdII, RhIII, and RuII catalysts, namely the N‐methoxy amide (CONHOMe) moiety. Through collective efforts in the community, a wide range of C−H activation transformations using this type of simple directing group have been developed.
Morphology and mechanical properties of PVC/straw‐fiber coated with liquid nitrile‐butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Liu Hai , Wang Jie , Gong Chunli , Cheng Fan , Wang Guangjin , Wen Sheng , Zheng Genwen 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study exhibited an approach of high‐value utilization of straw fiber (SF) in polymer composites. The rigid poly(vinyl chloride) [PVC]/SF and PVC/SF coated with liquid nitrile‐butadiene rubber (PVC/LNBR‐SF) composites were both fabricated by melt mixing. The chemical structure and crystal structure of LNBR‐SF were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties and micro‐structure of PVC/SF and PVC/LNBR‐SF composites were also studied. FTIR and XRD results showed that the chemical structure and crystal structure of SF did not change after modifying with LNBR. The mechanical properties analysis showed that the PVC/LNBR‐SF composites exhibited better tensile strength, elongation at break and notched impact strength than those of PVC/SF composites owing to the compatibilization and toughening effect of LNBR. Scanning electron microscope results indicated that the LNBR improved the dispersion of SF in PVC matrix to some extent. The interface adhesion between SF and PVC matrix with adding LNBR was also enhanced. These results suggested that PVC/LNBR‐SF composites exhibited promising potential for practical application in substitute for wood. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44119.
Eco‐friendly cardanol‐based phenalkamine cured epoxy‐cenosphere syntactic foams: Fabrication and characterisation
Authors: Kaur Mandip , Jayakumari L. S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe performance of epoxy/cenosphere syntactic foams cured using phenalkamine (PA) were analyzed and characterized. The PA system was found to cure faster at room temperature, had lower density, and lower water absorption values. The thermogravimetric analysis result implied higher thermal stability. The cure studies using DSC inferred faster cure reaction in the ambient temperature conditions. The compression studies confirmed that unlike the epoxy system based on conventional triethylenetetramine curative, PA‐based system did not undergo brittle failure. This was also confirmed with the scanning electron microscope images. Dynamic mechanical analysis inferred the glass transition temperatures (Tg) as 81.4°C. The specific modulus and specific strength were higher for 40% cenosphere loading in PA‐based syntactic foams. As the need for light weight core materials is continually increasing, there is a great possibility for the utilization of this novel bio‐based curing agent to produce sustainable products. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44189.
Combined Treatment With Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Sulfate Shows No Superiority Over Placebo for Reduction of Joint Pain and Functional Impairment in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Six‐Month Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Roman‐Blas Jorge A. , Castañeda Santos , Sánchez‐Pernaute Olga , Largo Raquel , Herrero‐Beaumont Gabriel ,   the CS/GS Combined Therapy Study Group
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) compared to placebo in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was performed in 164 patients with Kellgren/Lawrence grade 2 or grade 3 radiographic knee OA and moderate‐to‐severe knee pain (mean ± SD global pain score 62.1 ± 11.3 mm on a 100‐mm visual analog scale [VAS]). Patients were randomized to receive either combined treatment with CS (1,200 mg) plus GS (1,500 mg) or placebo in a single oral daily dose for 6 months. The mean change from baseline in the VAS global pain score was set as the primary end point. Secondary outcomes included the mean change in the investigator's global assessment of disease activity, total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), pain and function subscale scores on the WOMAC, responder rates based on the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT)–Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 2004 response criteria, and rescue medication use. Adverse events were also recorded. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board was instituted to ensure patient safety and data accuracy.ResultsIntriguingly, in the modified intent‐to‐treat (mITT) population, CS/GS combination therapy was inferior to placebo in the reduction of joint pain (mean ± SD change in VAS global pain score over 6 months −11.8 ± 2.4 mm [19% reduction] in patients receiving CS plus GS versus −20.5 ± 2.4 mm [33% reduction] in patients receiving placebo; peak between‐group difference in global pain score at 6 months 8.7 mm [14.2%], P < 0.03), but no between‐group differences were seen in the per‐protocol completers. Both placebo treatment and CS/GS combination treatment improved to a similar extent the total WOMAC score as well as the pain and function WOMAC subscale scores, both in the mITT population and in the per‐protocol completers. Neither the OMERACT–OARSI responder rate nor the frequency of rescue medication use differed between the treatment groups. Severe adverse events were uncommon and equally distributed.ConclusionThe results of this trial demonstrate a lack of superiority of CS/GS combination therapy over placebo in terms of reducing joint pain and functional impairment in patients with symptomatic knee OA over 6 months. Further research might fully elucidate the suitability of CS/GS combination therapy in patients with OA.
Luftschalldämmung im mehrgeschossigen Wohnungsbau mit Hochlochziegelmauerwerk – Prognosen nach DIN 4109:2016 und Vergleich mit Messwerten
Authors: Gierga Michael , Schneider Martin , Fischer Heinz‐Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEine Berechnung der Luftschalldämmung zwischen Wohnungen mit Außenwänden aus Hochlochziegelmauerwerk ist mit dem bauaufsichtlich eingeführten Verfahren des Beiblatt 1 zu DIN 4109 in der Regel nicht möglich. Deshalb wurde vom Deutschen Institut für Bautechnik DIBt eine Zulassung erteilt, welche die Berechnung der Schalldämmung entsprechend dem Rechenverfahren der “neuen” DIN 4109 regelt. In diesem Beitrag werden dieses Rechenverfahren sowie die hierfür benötigten Eingangsdaten vorgestellt und es werden die damit berechneten Prognosewerte mit Messwerten aus ausgeführten Bauten verglichen. Weiterhin wird der Einfluss der konstruktiven Ausbildung der Stoßstelle auf das Stoßstellendämm‐Maß von Wohnungstrenndecken und ‐wänden mit Außenwänden aus wärmedämmendem Ziegelmauerwerk aufgezeigt.Airborne sound reduction in multistorey buildings with brick walls – Prediction according to German standard DIN 4109 and comparison with measurements. The calculation of the airborne sound insulation between apartments with outer walls made of lightweight hollow bricks is often not possible with the calculation procedures given in German standard DIN 4109 Beiblatt 1. Therefor an approval by the DIBT was issued which settles the calculation of the airborne sound reduction for this kind of buildings according to the “new” DIN 4109. In this article the calculation model and the therefore required input data are presented and the hereby predicted values are compared with measured results in situ. Furthermore the influence on the actual construction of the junction on the vibration reduction index of partition walls and floors with lightweight hollow brick walls is presented.
13C‐metabolic flux analysis of human adenovirus infection: Implications for viral vector production
Authors: Carinhas Nuno , Koshkin Alexey , Pais Daniel A.M. , Alves Paula M. , Teixeira Ana P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAdenoviruses are human pathogens increasingly used as gene therapy and vaccination vectors. However, their impact on cell metabolism is poorly characterized. We performed carbon labeling experiments with [1,2‐13C]glucose or [U‐13C]glutamine to evaluate metabolic alterations in the amniocyte‐derived, E1‐transformed 1G3 cell line during production of a human adenovirus type 5 vector (AdV5). Nonstationary 13C‐metabolic flux analysis revealed increased fluxes of glycolysis (17%) and markedly PPP (over fourfold) and cytosolic AcCoA formation (nearly twofold) following infection of growing cells. Interestingly, infection of growth‐arrested cells increased overall carbon flow even more, including glutamine anaplerosis and TCA cycle activity (both over 1.5‐fold), but was unable to stimulate the PPP and was associated with a steep drop in AdV5 replication (almost 80%). Our results underscore the importance of nucleic and fatty acid biosynthesis for adenovirus replication. Overall, we portray a metabolic blueprint of human adenovirus infection, highlighting similarities with other viruses and cancer, and suggest strategies to improve AdV5 production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 195–207. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Five-year outcomes following a randomized trial of femorofemoral and femoropopliteal bypass grafting with heparin-bonded or standard polytetrafluoroethylene grafts
Authors: Lindholt J S , Houlind K , Gottschalksen B , Pedersen C N , Ravn H , Viddal B , Pedersen G , Rasmussen M , Wedel C , Bramsen M B 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Cohort studies suggest superior long-term patency of luminal heparin-bonded polytetrafluoroethylene (Hb-PTFE) bypass grafts compared with standard PTFE grafts. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of Hb-PTFE grafts with those of standard PTFE grafts 5 years after a randomized trial.

Methods
Patients with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischaemia requiring femorofemoral or femoropopliteal bypass grafting were randomized in a clinical trial of Hb-PTFE versus standard PTFE in 11 Scandinavian centres between 2005 and 2009. Patients were followed up for 5 years with clinical assessment and surveillance Duplex ultrasound imaging. The primary endpoint of this study was primary patency. Secondary endpoints included major amputation and mortality.

Results
Overall, 569 patients were enrolled in the randomized trial. Some 552 had follow-up data available for analysis of the primary outcome. Use of Hb-PTFE significantly improved patency by 37 per cent at 2 years, but 5 years after randomization there was no difference in primary patency (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·71 to 1·28; P = 0·748). In patients with critical limb ischaemia the use of Hb-PTFE reduced the 5-year risk of loss of primary patency by 37 per cent (HR 0·63, 0·40 to 0·99; P = 0·049).

Conclusion
In this study there was no difference in primary graft patency between Hb-PTFE and standard PTFE grafts. Patients receiving Hb-PTFE grafts for critical limb ischaemia were more likely to have a patent graft at 5 years than those with standard PTFE grafts.
An Integrated Experimental and Computational Approach for Characterizing the Kinetics and Mechanism of Triadimefon Racemization
Authors: Cheng Qianyi , Teng Quincy , Marchitti Satori A. , Dillingham Caleb M. , Kenneke John F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEnantiomers of chiral molecules commonly exhibit differing pharmacokinetics and toxicities, which can introduce significant uncertainty when evaluating biological and environmental fates and potential risks to humans and the environment. However, racemization (the irreversible transformation of one enantiomer into the racemic mixture) and enantiomerization (the reversible conversion of one enantiomer into the other) are poorly understood. To better understand these processes, we investigated the chiral fungicide, triadimefon, which undergoes racemization in soils, water, and organic solvents. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques were used to measure the rates of enantiomerization and racemization, deuterium isotope effects, and activation energies for triadimefon in H2O and D2O. From these results we were able to determine that: 1) the alpha‐carbonyl carbon of triadimefon is the reaction site; 2) cleavage of the C‐H (C‐D) bond is the rate‐determining step; 3) the reaction is base‐catalyzed; and 4) the reaction likely involves a symmetrical intermediate. The B3LYP/6–311 + G** level of theory was used to compute optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, nature population analysis, and intrinsic reaction coordinates for triadimefon in water and three racemization pathways were hypothesized. This work provides an initial step in developing predictive, structure‐based models that are needed to identify compounds of concern that may undergo racemization.Chirality 28:633–641, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHANGE DETECTION OF MULTI‐TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGES BASED ON CONTOURLET TRANSFORM AND ICA
Authors: Yi‐Quan WU , Zhao-Qing CAO , Fei‐Xiang TAO 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of change detection of multi‐temporal remote sensing images, a change detection algorithm based on contourlet transform and independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed. Firstly, multi‐scale decomposition of image data is performed by using contourlet transform with multi‐scale, directionality and anisotropy. Then independent component analysis is carried out for the decomposed data. And the independent data components are separated by the improved fixed point ICA algorithm based on Newton iteration. Next the separated data components are transformed into image components. Finally, change detection is achieved by threshold segmentation and filtering for change image components. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing three change detection algorithms such as the algorithm based on PCA, the algorithm based on ICA and the algorithm based on wavelet transform and ICA, the proposed algorithm in this paper more effectively separates change information and reduces computational complexity. The obtained change image has higher accuracy and strong robustness with respect to the background.