bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sevin Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Conn Bart , Field Michelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 0.8 acre block of 15-yr-old trees on MM 106 rootstock. Trees measured 13.5 ft. in height and 14.5 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 18 X 24 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 3 or 4 rows X 5 treeslrow for each of the spray treatments and a single 10 row X 3 treeslrow untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DASOOA airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph, and delivered a spray volume of 100 gallacre. Dates of application were 12 May [petal fall (PF)], 26 May [first cover (IC)], 8 Jun [second cover (2C)], 22 Jun [third cover (3C)], 6 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 20 Jul [fifth cover (SC)], 3 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 16 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 1 Sep [eighth cover (8C)I. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Dithane, Kocide, Lorsban 4E, Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting insects on the periphery of 4 single-tree ‘Delicious’ replications in the center of each plot periodically during the season. Effect of treatments on ERM was determined by sampling 25 leavesltree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Treatment impact on Stethorus punctum was determined by counting adults and larvae observed during a 3-min walk around each tree. WALH and RLH control was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leavesltree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 minute periodtree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined on ‘Delicious’ by scoring for injury 100 picked appleslreplication plus up to 100 drop appleslreplication on 19 Sep.
Effect of Insecticides on Tomato Insects 1995
Authors: Carson W. G. , White K. K. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 21 June at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were drip irrigated (water pH 7.2-7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates were 27 Jul, 3, 10, 16, 24, 30 Aug, and 7, 14 Sep. (except Agrimek which was applied on 27 Jul 3, 24, 30 Aug, and Agrimek + Lannate in which Lannate was applied every wk). A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row incorporated D-3 orifice disks, #25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) at 0.04% was included for all treatments. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/replicate from 1 Aug through 12 Sep., inclusive. On 18-21 Sep., 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily S. exigua and K. lycopersicella). Leafminer populations were low early, then moderate late in this test. Some treatments increased leafminer density as compared to the control. Beet armyworm and tomato pinworm populations were moderate as were tomato fruitworm populations. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Tomatoes, Summer 1995
Authors: Peters M. R. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomato plants were transplanted on 23 Jun at the Wes Watkins Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Lane, OK. Each plot consisted of 21 ft-long rows bordered on each side by an unplanted row. Tomatoes were transplanted with 36-inch plant and 72-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 15 Aug and 14 Sep with a bicycle sprayer delivering 59.5 gal/acre through 4 TXVS-26 hollow cone nozzles per row at 40 psi. Sprays were also applied on 24, 31 Aug and 6 Sep with a self-propelled high-clearance sprayer delivering 24 gal/acre through 3 8003 flat spray nozzles, 1 over the row and 2 nozzles on drop extension tubes on either side of the row at 60 psi. Treatment effectiveness was determined at two harvest dates (13 and 21 Sep) by examination of 20 randomly picked tomatoes per plot. The fruit that was damaged by TFW, TPW, and BAW was recorded, undamaged fruit was recorded as marketable.
Comparison of Viral, Bacteriological, and Standard Insecticides for Control of the Fruitworm Complex in Fall Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted into two fields on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 5ft between row spacing. Plots were replicated 3 times in a RCB design and separated from each other by untreated guard rows. The design in both fields was the same except for the number of treatments. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 45 gal waterlacre at 40 psi. Application dates for each field are indicated in the tables. Bravo 720 at 1.5pVacre was added to each treatment and the checks on 26 Sep and 02 Oct for disease control. On 9 Oct (Field I) and 16 Oct (Field 11). 25 green fruits were randomly picked from each plot and examined for worm damage.
Alfalfa Weevil Control In Ohio, 1995
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley H. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test to evaluate the efficacy of 4 foliar insecticide treatments for control of AW was conducted on first cutting alfalfa at the OARDC Western Branch Station near South Charleston. Plots were 30 X 50 ft with 4 replications in a RCBD. Treatments were applied on 13 May with a custom built sprayer having a boom length of 15 ft and flat spray tip nozzles (TeeJet 8003VS) mounted at 15 inch intervals. The system was calibrated to deliver 32.8 gpa at 30 psi at a tractor speed of 3.5 mph. Abundance of AW larvae was estimated prior to treatment and 3, 7 and 14 DAT by collecting 20 stems per plot, shaking the stem samples in a bucket, and counting the number of larvae collected in the bucket.
Evaluation of Corn Rootworm Insecticide Treatments and Carry-Over Control of European Corn Borers in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A secondary benefit of corn rootworm insecticide treatments could be the residual control of European corn borer (ECB) larvae. Our study was repeated at sites near Aurora, Cavour, Delmont, and Garretson, South Dakota to assess the efficacy and secondary ECB control provided by 3 insecticides (Furadan, 60720A, & Regent). Treatment plots consisted of single 15.2 m long rows which were spaced 96.5 cm apart. The study was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates at each site. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row com planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter before applications. Banded (B) insecticide treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow in front of furrow-closing wheels (T-band), and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow (F) treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Cultivation-time liquids were applied using a CO2-powered backpack canister sprayer system equipped with a single nozzle (Teejet 8003 flat fan) hand-held boom. The system was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. To evaluate rootworm damage 5 roots per replicate were dug for each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for corn rootworm larval feeding damage, and rated in accordance with the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. For assessment of ECB control, 10 com stalks were randomly chosen from each plot. Plants were split vertically and examined for corn borer tunneling damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were analyzed along with root injury data using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure and means were compared by DMRT.
1St Generation European Corn Borer Larvicide Trial, 1995
Authors: Haas M. J. , Landis D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was planted 8 May at the Entomology Research Farm in East Lansing, MI. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticides applied at-threshold for ECB control were delivered through electrically driven Noble metering units attached to a toolbar behind the tractor. Liquid materials were applied with a backpack sprayer. Several registered corn rootworm insecticides were included in the test to address the question of whether or not 1 st generation ECB protection can be expected from an insecticide application targeting corn rootworm (CRW) larvae. These were applied as a T-band and incorporated with drag chains. The time of application for the CRW treatments is referred to as “at planting”, except in the case of Furadan 4F targeting CRW which is indicated by “cultivation”. The cultivation treatment was applied on 6 Jun. The Furadan 4F cultivation plots consisted of 3 rows to allow for broadcast application. All other plots were 1 row X 50 ft. Each plot had an untreated buffer row on either side. Ten consecutive plants in each plot were artificially infested with 2 blackhead-stage ECB egg masses. European corn borer threshold treatments were applied 5 d after artificial infestation. The number of artificially infested plants with ECB cavities, the total number of cavities and the cumulative cm of cavity length were recorded as a measure of ECB damage. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using DMRT.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandra D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (17% Experiment I and 42% Experiment II) and WCR (83% Experiment I and 58% Experiment II) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Corn was planted no-till on 16 May in both experiments using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30-inch row spacing. The Lorsban 4E with 9-18-9 fertilizer in solution was applied at each site 22 May. Rain prevented application of this treatment earlier. Insecticides were applied to 5X40 ft plots in a RCB design with 4 replications per treatment. Plant populations were counted 15 Jun at both locations to identify seedling emergence and phytotoxicity that may have resulted from the treatments. Root damage ratings were evaluated 21 Jul (Experiment I) and 25 Jul (Experiment II) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yields were determined in Experiment I as silage using a silage harvester on 12 Sep. One row of corn was harvested per plot and the row harvested was in the same relative position in all plots. Yield in Experiment II was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn on 23 Oct. Percent moisture in the silage plots was determined by drying a subsample (at 2.0 lb wet) from each plot and silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture. Percent moisture in the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture.
Insecticide Control of Western Corn Rootworm Beetles, 1995
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various pesticides were applied to milk stage (R7 stage) field corn on 14 Aug., near North Platte, NE. The treatments were applied with a CO2-charged backpack sprayer through 8001 flat fan nozzles at 30 psi (206, 786 Pa), in a total volume of 21 gal/acre (196.4 liter/ha). Each treatment was applied to 3 X 10 m plots, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Three days before the pesticide application the number of WCRW were counted on 4 randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. In addition, the presence of spider mites was evaluated on the same plants by inspecting leaves below the ear leaf for colonies the size of a quarter or larger. The number of WCRW and the number of mite infested leaves were evaluated 3 and 14 DAT on 4 different randomly selected plants in the middle of each plot. In addition to counting the number of mite infested leaves, the size of the mite colonies was rated on a 0-6 scale, on the 3 lowest leaves of 4 different randomly selected plants 14 DAT.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1995
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 5 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gal/acre at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2 TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. A pretreatment survey on 19 Jun indicated a moderate aphid infestation. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Jun. Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top and middle portions of 80 randomly chosen plants/treatment at 3 and 6 or 7 DAT.
Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Ovicides for Control of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Klein C. D. , Johnson D. R. , Meyers H. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 14 and 27 Jul with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TSX-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacing. Insect counts were made at 4 DAT by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Plots were harvested on 15 Oct using a John Deere 2-row picker.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil, 1995
Authors: Bernhardt J.L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various formulations and application times of fipronil were compared with Furadan 3G and an untreated check for control of RWW. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch row spacing) X 25 ft with a 2 ft alley between plots. Rice was drill-seeded in a Crowley silt loam at 115 lb/acre on 11 May and emerged on 18 May. Broadcast applications of fipronil 1.65G were applied with a hand-shaker to either preplant dry soil and lightly incorporated with a hand-rake on 11 May or to dry soil immediately prior to application of permanent flood on 8 Jun. Fipronil 80WG was applied with a CO2-powered back pack sprayer with a 3 nozzle. (TeeJet 8002 flat fan) boom delivering 16 gpa at 22 PSL to either preplant dry soil and lightly incorporated with a hand-rake on 11 May or to dry soil tank-mixed with propanil at 4.0 lb (AI)/acre on 6 Jun. Furadan 3G was applied 7 d after permanent flood with a hand-shaker. Propanil and Bolero at 3.0 and 2.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 6 Jun. Permanent flood was established on 8 Jun. Londax at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre was added to the permanent flood on 12 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 90 lb/acre on 8 Jun and 30 lb/acre each on 9 and 16 Jul. On 29 and 30 Jun and on 13 and 14 Jul five 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 7 plants/core were removed from each plot. Soil was washed from plant roots into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows X 20 ft of plots were harvested on 12 Sep. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Sorghum Midge on Sorghum, 1995
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for sorghum midge control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Seed of hybrid grain sorghum (ATx399 X RTx430) was planted 16 May on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 6 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots. Insecticides were applied between 0800 and 0900 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Insecticides were first applied when 30-50% of the panicles were flowering; insecticides were applied on 15, 19, and 23 Jul. Adult sorghum midge abundance was assessed just prior to each application by counting the number of sorghum midges on 10 individual sorghum panicles enclosed in clear plastic bags. The panicles were cut from the plant and returned to the laboratory for examination and sorghum midge counts. Grain yield data were collected from the 2 middle rows per plot. Panicles were hand harvested from 2 selected 8.75-ft sections of row/plot and mechanically threshed. Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD.
Foliar Sprays to Control Mites in Soybeans, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a commercial field drill planted on 5 Jun near Craddockville, VA (Accomack County). Each plot consisted of a 25 ft long by 5 ft wide row with a 1 ft wide buffer zone between rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. In order to flare the mite population as uniformly as possible throughout the test, the site was sprayed with Sevin XLR (lqt product/acre) on 21 Jul. The treatments were applied on 26 Jul and 8 Aug. Sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 37 gpa at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of mite counts on 5 randomly picked trifoliate leaves/plot on 28 Jul, 1,7, 14 and 21 Aug. Sweep net samples (12 sweeps/25 ft plot) for CEW were made on 17 Aug.
Tobacco Aphid Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate various foliar insecticides for TA control and to determine the resulting effects on the yield and price of flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco ‘K-326’ was transplanted into experimental plots on 16 May. Nine treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through 3, TX-12 nozzles/row on 3 Jul. Temperatures ranged from 85-88 °F during application. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot before treatment and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT. On 21 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0-10 where 0 = no injury and 10 = very severe injury as indicated by necrotic leaf tissue, honeydew, and sooty mold. Except for insect control, flue-cured tobacco production methods including transplanting, fertilization, topping, sucker control, and herbicide and fungicide applications followed recommendations by the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Dipel 4L was applied at 0.5 qt/acre to the entire test on 4 Aug for tobacco hornworm control. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened. It was cured, weighed, and graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield and price were calculated. Price was based on 1995 market prices for the assigned grades. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated WD test (K-ratio = 100). TA count data were transformed to Logl0(X+l) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Late Season Hornworms in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1995
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, CV K-326, was transplanted on 3 Apr at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tilliam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 20 feet long were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. On 10 Jul, all plants in each plot were cut down to a 12 inch mainstalk, all leaves were removed, and 100 lb/acre of additional nitrogen (16-0-0) was applied. All cut plants were then allowed to regrow with 2-3 main shoots. On 25 Jul, 5 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with 3, TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 22.6 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live hornworms was recorded per 5 plants on row 2 of each plot prior to the application, and 5, 9, and 13 d after this spray. The percent defoliation was visually estimated 10 d after treatment. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests (P = 0.05).
Apple, Evaluation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Products for Tabm, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of two Bacillus thuringiensis products were compared to the organophosphate Lorsban for control of TABM. The treatments were applied to single tree plots in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 3 replicates of ‘Rome Beauty’. Treated plots were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 17 yr old and planted at a spacing of 24 X 35 ft. Sprays were applied with a handgun at 400 psi from a truck-mounted sprayer equipped with a Kohler 23 gpm pump. Approximately 5.5 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree (ca 300 gpa). The dates of application for the treatments were 9 and 23 Jun (1st brood control, 20-30% and 80-90% egg hatch [585-640 degree days (DD) and 910-965 DD, respectively, from first phenomena trap capture of TABM) and 11, 21 and 31 Aug (2nd brood control, 20-30%, 50-60% and 80-90% egg hatch [2355-2435 DD, 2585-2665 DD and 2815-2890 DD, respectively, from first trap capture of TABM). All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP. Also, an alternate row middle application of Swat 8EC was made for aphid control on 29 Jun and an alternate row middle application of Kelthane 50WP plus Carzol 92SP was made for mite suppression on 28 Jul. Effect of the test chemicals on the ERM/TSSM complex was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 150 leaves/ treatment. Shelters of the various leafrollers were counted in a 5 min examination of each replicate on 18 Jul. All larvae were collected and returned to the laboratory for identification. On 20 Sep, ≈ 150 apples (75 top and 75 bottom) were randomly sampled for fruit injury from each ‘Golden Delicious’ tree. On 2 Oct the same number of apples and sampling scheme was used for each ‘Rome Beauty’ tree. Up to 25 dropped fruit per tree were also evaluated for fruit injury.