bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microanatomical Location of Hyaluronic Acid Gel Following Injection of the Upper Lip Vermillion Border: Comparison of Needle and Microcannula Injection Technique
Authors: Blandford Alexander D. , Hwang Catherine J. , Young Jason , Barnes Alexander C. , Plesec Thomas P. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To compare needle and microcannula injection techniques in regards to the microanatomical location of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injected in the upper lip vermillion border of cadaver specimens.

Methods:
The upper lip vermillion border was injected transcutaneously with HA gel in 8 fresh hemifaces of 4 female human cadavers. Each hemiface was injected by a single experienced injector, the right side using a 27-gauge microcannula and the left side using a 30-gauge needle. A 2-cm region of each lip was excised lateral to a point 1-cm lateral to the philtrum. Specimens were fixed in 95% alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin–eosin for histologic examination.

Results:
Most HA injected with either a needle or a microcannula was located within the orbicularis oris muscle, and the remaining HA resided within the subcutaneous fat. In 3/4 right (microcannula) hemifaces, 100% of the HA was located within the muscle. Only 2/4 left (needle) hemifaces had at least 95% of the HA located within the muscle. Overall, in right (microcannula) hemifaces, 93% of the filler was located within the muscle, and in left (needle) hemifaces, 79% of the filler was located within the muscle (p =0.14).

Conclusions:
Most HA filler injected into the vermillion border after either microcannula or needle injection resides within the orbicularis oris muscle rather than in a subcutaneous/submucosal location. Injection with a microcannula shows a trend for more uniform intramuscular location compared with needle injection.
Determinants of Follow-up Care for Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Cohen Margot E. , Jaffe Ariel , Strauch Carolyn B. , Lewis Suzanne K. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter H.R. 
Published: July 2017

Goals:
This study aimed to investigate follow-up patterns among celiac disease (CD) patients.

Background:
Gender factors are important in CD with women diagnosed more frequently than men despite equal seropositivity in screening studies. To determine if gender influences postdiagnosis care, we performed a retrospective cohort study investigating the impact of gender and mode of presentation on follow-up patterns after diagnosis.

Study:
The study included adults with biopsy-proven CD presenting to a single tertiary care center between 2005 and 2014. The primary exposure was at least 1 visit with a CD specialist. The primary outcome was ≥2 follow-up visits, including office visits and endoscopic procedures. Data extracted included whether patients had tissue transglutaminase antibodies performed by our laboratory.

Results:
We analyzed 708 patients of which 70.5% were female. Follow-up was good with a majority of patients (69%) having at least 1 follow-up visit. On bivariate analysis, patients least likely to follow-up were ages 18 to 29 (P=0.03) and women with atypical presentations (P=0.003). After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals over age 65 were significantly more likely to attend at least 2 follow-up visits (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.55; P=0.0079). Individuals with an abnormal baseline tissue transglutaminase antibody value in our laboratory were significantly more likely to follow-up (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.85; P=0.0002).

Conclusions:
Gender had no impact on follow-up patterns despite prior studies demonstrating an impact on diagnosis rates. Future attention should focus on retaining young patients and those with atypical modes of presentation.
Preterm Infants With Biliary Atresia
Authors: van Wessel Daan B.E. , Boere Thomas , Hulzebos Christian V. , de Kleine Ruben H.J. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Hulscher Jan B.F. ,   Netherlands Study group of Biliary Atresia, Registry (NeSBAR)
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Biliary atresia (BA) occurs in 0.54 of 10.000 of overall live births in the Netherlands. BA has an unfavorable prognosis: <40% of patients are cleared of jaundice after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE), 4‐year transplant‐free survival rate is 46% and the 4‐year survival rate is ~75%. Little is known on difficulties in diagnosis and the outcome of BA in preterm infants. We aimed to analyze the incidence and outcome of BA in preterm infants in the Netherlands.Methods:Retrospective study including Dutch preterm infants treated for BA. Parameters included gestational age, congenital anomalies, age at KPE, days between first symptoms, and KPE and referral interval (first hospital to KPE). Outcome parameters were clearance of jaundice (COJ) and (transplant‐free) survival. Data are presented as medians (ranges).Results:Included 28 preterm infants (13 boys/15 girls) between March 1988 and December 2015. The incidence of BA was 1.06 of 10.000 preterm live births. Gestational age was 34.8 (27.3–36.9) weeks. Congenital anomalies were present in 11 of 28 (39%) infants. Time between first symptoms and KPE was 57 (9–138) days. Referral interval was 28 (8–86) days. Age at KPE was 70 (35–145) days. COJ was achieved in 23% of cases. Four‐year transplant‐free survival rate was 21%. Four‐year overall survival was 61%.Conclusions:BA has a higher incidence in the preterm population compared to the overall BA population. The outcome of BA in preterm infants is poor, regarding COJ and (transplant‐free) survival. We speculate that timely recognition of BA‐related signs and symptoms in preterm infants will improve prognosis.
Behavioural flexibility in spider mites: oviposition site shifts based on past and present stimuli from conspecifics and predators
Authors: Murase Aoi , Fujita Kazuo , Yano Shuichi 
Published: July 2017

Predator-experienced individuals often change their predation avoidance response when they re-encounter the same predators or their cues. Recent reports show that behavioural change sometimes occurs even before the re-encounter. To function as an adaptive strategy in the wild, such prospective experience-induced behaviour should change flexibly in response to changing situations. We assessed flexibility of experience-induced oviposition site shift in two closely related species of spider mites,Tetranychus kanzawaiandT. urticae, from the viewpoint of reducing future predation risk on their eggs. We found that: (i) individuals ofT. kanzawaishifted oviposition site depending on the presence of conspecific eggs; (ii) after experiencing predation threatT. kanzawaifemales shifted oviposition site even in the absence of any current predation threat; (iii) this experience-induced shift of oviposition site was weakened in the presence of conspecific males; and (iv) experience-induced behaviour was retained for a shorter period inT. urticaethan inT. kanzawai, possibly because the demand for learning may differ with regard to biological conditions encountered in the wild.
Cell-nonautonomously tunable actomyosin flows orient distinct cell division axes
Authors: Sugioka Kenji , Bowerman Bruce 
Published: July 2017

SummaryCell division axes during animal development are arranged in diverse orientations, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity remain unclear. By focusing on oriented divisions that are independent of known microtubule/dynein pathways, we show here that the non-muscle myosin II motor is an extrinsically tunable force generator that orients cell division axes through cortical actomyosin flows. We identified three extracellular cues that generate different actomyosin flows. A single contact site locally inhibited myosin activity in a mechanosensitive manner to generate local flow asymmetry, while size asymmetry of two contact sites and Wnt signaling both polarized myosin activity and actomyosin flow, with the latter overriding mechanosensitive effects. These intracellular actomyosin flow anisotropies specify distinct division axes to establish the geometries of not onlyCaenorhabditis elegans4-, 6-, and 7-cell stage but also mouse 4-cell stage embryos. Tunable actomyosin flows together with microtubule/dynein pathways may specify diverse division axes across species.
Model-based analysis of experimental hut data elucidates multifaceted effects of a volatile chemical onAedes aegyptimosquitoes
Authors: ten Bosch Quirine A. , Castro-Llanos Fanny , Manda Hortance , Morrison Amy C. , Grieco John P. , Achee Nicole L. , Perkins T.Alex 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundInsecticides used againstAedes aegyptiand other disease vectors can elicit a multitude of dose-dependent effects on behavioral and bionomic traits. Estimating the potential epidemiological impact of a product requires thorough understanding of these effects and their interplay at different dosages. Volatile spatial repellent (SR) products come with an additional layer of complexity due to the potential for movement of affected mosquitoes or volatile particles of the product beyond the treated house. Here, we propose a statistical inference framework for estimating these nuanced effects of volatile SRs.MethodsWe fitted a continuous-time Markov chain model in a Bayesian framework to mark-release-recapture (MRR) data from an experimental hut study conducted in Iquitos, Peru. We estimated the effects of two dosages of transfluthrin onAe. aegyptibehaviors associated with human-vector contact: repellency, exiting, and knockdown in the treated space and in “downstream” adjacent huts. We validated the framework using simulated data.ResultsThe odds of a femaleAe. aegyptibeing repelled from a treated hut (HT) increased at both dosages (low dosage: odds = 1.64, 95% highest density interval (HDI) = 1.30-2.09; high dosage: odds = 1.35, HDI = 1.04-1.67). The relative risk of exiting from the treated hut was reduced (low: RR = 0.70, HDI = 0.62-1.09; high: RR = 0.70, HDI = 0.40-1.06), with this effect carrying over to untreated spaces as far as two huts away from the treated hut (H2) (low: RR = 0.79, HDI = 0.59-1.01; high: RR = 0.66, HDI = 0.50-0.87). Knockdown rates were increased in both treated and downstream huts, particularly under high dosage (HT: RR = 8.37, HDI = 2.11-17.35;H1: RR = 1.39, HDI = 0.52-2.69;H2: RR = 2.22, HDI = 0.96-3.86).ConclusionsOur statistical inference framework is effective at elucidating multiple effects of volatile chemicals used in SR products, as well as their downstream effects. This framework provides a powerful tool for early selection of candidate SR product formulations worth advancing to costlier epidemiological trials, which are ultimately necessary for proof of concept of public health value and subsequent formal endorsement by health authorities.
Genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia reveal colonization routes and high-latitude adaptation
Authors: Günther Torsten , Malmström Helena , Svensson Emma M. , Omrak Ayça , Sánchez-Quinto Federico , Kılınç Gülşah M. , Krzewińska Maja , Eriksson Gunilla , Fraser Magdalena , Edlund Hanna , Munters Arielle R. , Coutinho Alexandra , Simões Luciana G. , Vicente Mário , Sjölander Anders , Sellevold Berit Jansen , Jørgensen Roger , Claes Peter , Shriver Mark D. , Valdiosera Cristina , Netea Mihai G. , Apel Jan , Lidén Kerstin , Skar Birgitte , Storå Jan , Götherström Anders , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the last glaciation. However, the origin(s) of the first colonizers and their migration routes remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57x coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated to 9,500-6,000 years before present. Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data display an east-west genetic gradient that opposes the pattern seen in other parts of Mesolithic Europe. This result suggests that Scandinavia was initially colonized following two different routes: one from the south, the other from the northeast. The latter followed the ice-free Norwegian north Atlantic coast, along which novel and advanced pressure-blade stone-tool techniques may have spread. These two groups met and mixed in Scandinavia, creating a genetically diverse population, which shows patterns of genetic adaptation to high latitude environments. These adaptations include high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and a gene-region associated with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern-day northern Europeans.
PIK3CAH1047R-induced paradoxical ERK activation results in resistance to BRAFV600Especific inhibitors in BRAFV600EPIK3CAH1047Rdouble mutant thyroid tumors
Authors: Roelli Matthias A. , Ruffieux-Daidié Dorothée , Stooss Amandine , ElMokh Oussama , Phillips Wayne A. , Dettmer Matthias S. , Charles Roch-Philippe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThyroid carcinomas are the most prevalent endocrine cancers. The BRAFV600Emutation is found in 40% of the papillary type and 25% of the anaplastic type. BRAFV600Einhibitors have shown great success in melanoma but, they have been, to date, less successful in thyroid cancer. About 50% of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas present mutations/amplification of the phosphatidylinositol 3’ kinase. Here we propose to investigate if the hyper activation of that pathway could influence the response to BRAFV600Especific inhibitors.To test this, we used two mouse models of thyroid cancer. Single mutant (BRAFV600E) mice responded to BRAFV600E-specific inhibition (PLX-4720), while double mutant mice (BRAFV600E; PIK3CAH1047R) showed resistance and even signs of aggravation. This resistance was abrogated by combination with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. At the molecular level, we could show that this resistance was concomitant to a paradoxical activation of the MAP-Kinase pathway, which could be overturned by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitionin vivoin our mouse model andin vitroin human double mutant cell lines.In conclusion, we reveal a phosphoinositide 3-kinase driven, paradoxical MAP-Kinase pathway activation as mechanism for resistance to BRAFV600Especific inhibitors in a clinically relevant mouse model of thyroid cancer.
Evolution within the fungal genusVerticilliumis characterized by chromosomal rearrangement and gene loss
Authors: Shi-Kunne Xiaoqian , Faino Luigi , van den Berg Grardy C.M. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. , Seidl Michael F. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThe fungal genusVerticilliumcontains ten species, some of which are notorious plant pathogens causing vascular wilt diseases in host plants, while others are known as saprophytes and opportunistic plant pathogens. Whereas the genome ofV. dahliae, the most notorious plan pathogen of the genus, has been well characterized, evolution and speciation of other members of the genus received little attention thus far. Here, we sequenced the genomes of the nine haploidVerticilliumspp. to study evolutionary trajectories of their divergence from a last common ancestor. Frequent occurrence of chromosomal rearrangement and gene family loss was identified. In addition to ~11,000 core genes that are shared among all species, only 200-600 species-specific genes occur. Intriguingly, these species-specific genes show different features than core genes.
DNA barcoding BritishEuphrasiareveals deeply divergent polyploids but lack of species-level resolution
Authors: Wang Xumei , Gussarova Galina , Ruhsam Markus , de Vere Natasha , Metherell Chris , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Twyford Alex D. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsDNA barcoding is emerging as a useful tool not only for species identification but for studying evolutionary and ecological processes. Although plant DNA barcodes do not always provide species-level resolution, the generation of large DNA barcode datasets can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the generation of species diversity. Here, we use DNA barcoding to study evolutionary processes in taxonomically complex BritishEuphrasia, a group with multiple ploidy levels, frequent self- fertilization, young species divergence and widespread hybridisation.MethodsWe sequenced the core plant barcoding loci, supplemented with additional nuclear and plastid loci, in representatives of all 19 BritishEuphrasiaspecies. We analyse these data in a population genetic and phylogenetic framework. We then date the divergence of haplotypes in a globalEuphrasiadataset using a time-calibrated Bayesian approach implemented in BEAST.Key resultsNoEuphrasiaspecies has a consistent diagnostic haplotype. Instead, haplotypes are either widespread across species, or are population specific. Nuclear genetic variation is strongly partitioned by ploidy levels, with diploid and tetraploid BritishEuphrasiapossessing deeply divergent ITS haplotypes (DXY= 5.1%), with haplotype divergence corresponding to the late Miocene. In contrast, plastid data show no clear division by ploidy, and instead reveal weakly supported geographic patterns.ConclusionsUsing standard DNA barcoding loci for species identification inEuphrasiawill be unsuccessful. However, these loci provide key insights into the maintenance of genetic variation, with divergence of diploids and tetraploids suggesting that ploidy differences act as a barrier to gene exchange in BritishEuphrasia, with rampant hybridisation within ploidy levels. The scarcity of shared diploid-tetraploid ITS haplotypes supports the polyploids being allotetraploid in origin. Overall, these results show that even when lacking species-level resolution, DNA barcoding can reveal insightful evolutionary patterns in taxonomically complex genera.
The influence of higher-order epistasis on biological fitness landscape topography
Authors: Weinreich Daniel M. , Lan Yinghong , Jaffe Jacob , Heckendorn Robert B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effect of a mutation on the organism often depends on what other mutations are already present in its genome. Geneticists refer to such mutational interactions as epistasis. Pairwise epistatic effects have been recognized for over a century, and their evolutionary implications have received theoretical attention for nearly as long. However, pairwise epistatic interactions themselves can vary with genomic background. This is called higher-order epistasis, and its consequences for evolution are much less well understood. Here, we assess the influence that higher-order epistasis has on the topography of 16 published, biological fitness landscapes. We find that on average, their effects on fitness landscape declines with order, and suggest that notable exceptions to this trend may deserve experimental scrutiny. We explore whether natural selection may have contributed to this finding, and conclude by highlight opportunities for further work dissecting the influence that epistasis of all orders has on the efficiency of natural selection.
Drones count wildlife more accurately and precisely than humans
Authors: Hodgson Jarrod C. , Mott Rowan , Baylis Shane M. , Pham Trung T. , Wotherspoon Simon , Kilpatrick Adam D. , Segaran Ramesh Raja , Reid Ian , Terauds Aleks , Koh Lian Pin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcologists are increasingly using technology to improve the quality of data collected on wildlife, particularly for assessing the environmental impacts of human activities. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS; commonly known as ‘drones’) are widely touted as a cost-effective way to collect high quality wildlife population data, however, the validity of these claims is unclear. Using life-sized seabird colonies containing a known number of replica birds, we show that RPAS-derived data are, on average, between 43% and 96% more accurate than data from the traditional ground-based collection method. We also demonstrate that counts from this remotely sensed imagery can be semi-automated with a high degree of accuracy. The increased accuracy and precision of RPAS-derived wildlife monitoring data provides greater statistical power to detect fine-scale population fluctuations allowing for more informed and proactive ecological management.
Dynamic cortical representations of perceptual filling-in for missing acoustic rhythm
Authors: Constantino Francisco Cervantes , Simon Jonathan Z. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn the phenomenon of perceptual filling-in, missing sensory information can be reconstructed via interpolation from adjacent contextual cues by what is necessarily an endogenous, not yet well understood, neural process. In this investigation, sound stimuli were chosen to allow observation of fixed cortical oscillations driven by contextual (but missing) sensory input, thus entirely reflecting endogenous neural activity. The stimulus employed was a 5 Hz frequency-modulated tone, with brief masker probes (noise bursts) occasionally added. For half the probes, the rhythmic frequency modulation was moreover removed. Listeners reported whether the tone masked by each probe was perceived as being rhythmic or not. Time-frequency analysis of neural responses obtained by magnetoencephalography (MEG) shows that for maskers without the underlying acoustic rhythm, trials where rhythm was nonetheless perceived show higher evoked sustained rhythmic power than trials for which no rhythm was reported. The results support a model in which perceptual filling-in is aided by differential co-modulations of cortical activity at rates directly relevant to human speech communication. We propose that the presence of rhythmically-modulated neural dynamics predicts the subjective experience of a rhythmically modulated sound in real time, even when the perceptual experience is not supported by corresponding sensory data.
Comparison of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing library preparation strategies identifies sources of biases affecting DNA methylation data
Authors: Olova Nelly , Krueger Felix , Andrews Simon , Oxley David , Berrens Rebecca V. , Branco Miguel R. , Reik Wolf 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is becoming an increasingly accessible technique, used widely for both fundamental and disease-oriented research. Library preparation methods benefit from a variety of available kits, polymerases and bisulfite conversion protocols. Although some steps in the procedure, such as PCR amplification, are known to introduce biases, a systematic evaluation of biases in WGBS strategies is missing.ResultsWe perform a comparative analysis of several commonly used pre-and post-bisulfite WGBS library preparation protocols for their performance and quality of sequencing outputs. Our results show that bisulfite conversion per se is the main trigger of pronounced sequencing biases, and PCR amplification builds on these underlying artefacts. The majority of standard library preparation methods yield a significantly biased sequence output and overestimate global methylation. Importantly, both absolute and relative methylation levels at specific genomic regions vary substantially between methods, with clear implications for DNA methylation studies.ConclusionsWe show that amplification-free library preparation is the least biased approach for WGBS. In protocols with amplification, the choice of BS conversion protocol or polymerase can significantly minimize artefacts. To aid with the quality assessment of existing WGBS datasets, we have integrated a bias diagnostic tool in the Bismark package and offer several approaches for consideration during the preparation and analysis of WGBS datasets.