bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for divergence of response in Indica, Japonica, and wild rice to high CO2 × temperature interaction
Authors: Wang Diane R. , Bunce James A. , Tomecek Martha B. , Gealy David , McClung Anna , McCouch Susan R. , Ziska Lewis H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh CO2 and high temperature have an antagonistic interaction effect on rice yield potential and present a unique challenge to adapting rice to projected future climates. Understanding how the differences in response to these two abiotic variables are partitioned across rice germplasm accessions may be key to identifying potentially useful sources of resilient alleles for adapting rice to climate change. In this study, we evaluated eleven globally diverse rice accessions under controlled conditions at two carbon dioxide concentrations (400 and 600 ppm) and four temperature environments (29 °C day/21 °C night; 29 °C day/21 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis; 34 °C day/26 °C night; and 34 °C day/26 °C night with additional heat stress at anthesis) for a suite of traits including five yield components, five growth characteristics, one phenological trait, and four photosynthesis‐related measurements. Multivariate analyses of mean trait data from these eight treatments divide our rice panel into two primary groups consistent with the genetic classification of INDICA/INDICA‐like and JAPONICA populations. Overall, we find that the productivity of plants grown under elevated [CO2] was more sensitive (negative response) to high temperature stress compared with that of plants grown under ambient [CO2] across this diversity panel. We report differential response to CO2 × temperature interaction for INDICA/INDICA‐like and JAPONICA rice accessions and find preliminary evidence for the beneficial introduction of exotic alleles into cultivated rice genomic background. Overall, these results support the idea of using wild or currently unadapted gene pools in rice to enhance breeding efforts to secure future climate change adaptation.
A concept analysis of proactive behaviour in midwifery
Authors: Mestdagh Eveline , Van Rompaey Bart , Beeckman Katrien , Bogaerts Annick , Timmermans Olaf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of proactive behaviour and apply the findings to midwifery.BackgroundProactive behaviour is a universal phenomenon generalizable to multiple professions. The purpose of this work was to establish a link with midwifery.DesignConcept analysis by Walker and Avant's method.Data sourcesLiterature was searched in PubMed, ERIC, NARCIS, Emerald and reference lists of related journal articles with a timeline of 1990 – April 2015 in the period of November 2014 – June 2015. Next key words were combined by the use of Boolean operators: ‘proactive behaviour’, ‘midwifery’, ‘midwife’, ‘proactivity’ and ‘proactive’. Fifteen studies were included.MethodsA focused review of scientific publications in midwifery, health care, healthcare education and social sciences, which highlighted the concept of proactive behaviour.ResultsIn the studied literature, several attributes of proactive behaviour were cited. These attributes were narrowed by applying it on a midwifery model case, borderline case and contrary case. Related concepts were elaborated and distinguished of the concept of proactive behaviour in midwifery. Proactive behaviour is triggered by different individual and contextual antecedents and has consequences at multiple levels.ConclusionA midwife who behaves proactive would not look at changes as a boundary, persistently improves things she experienced as wrong, anticipates future barriers and looks for viable alternatives to carry out her work as efficiently and effectively as possible. Various individual and/or contextual antecedents trigger proactive behaviour in midwifery, and this behaviour could cause multiple future benefits for the constant evolving reproductive health care.
Offering honey containing a selective insecticide as food for pests and parasitoids: another effective use
Authors: Uefune M. , Nakashima Y. , Takabayashi J. , Urano S. , Kugimiya S. , Shimoda T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effects of the presence of a selective insecticide, pyridalyl, in aqueous solutions of honey as food for adults of diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) and its larval parasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Halliday) on their performances. We used a commercial formulation of pyridalyl which contained 10% pyridalyl. Survival times of DBMs reared with honey solution with pyridalyl at 10 000‐fold dilution were not significantly different from those of DBMs reared with pure honey solution. However, at 1000‐fold and 100‐fold dilutions of pyridalyl in honey solution, survival times were significantly shorter than those with honey solution alone. By contrast, survival times of C. vestalis reared with honey solution with pyridalyl at 1000‐fold and 100‐fold dilution were not significantly different from those of C. vestalis reared with pure honey solution. Offering honey solution with pyridalyl at 100‐fold dilution to C. vestalis did not affect its parasitization ability or offspring sex ratio. The novel aspects of the use of selective pesticides to control DBMs using C. vestalis are discussed.
Developing a complex systems perspective for medical education to facilitate the integration of basic science and clinical medicine
Authors: Aron David C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe purpose of medical education is to produce competent and capable professional practitioners who can combine the art and science of medicine. Moreover, this process must prepare individuals to practise in a field in which knowledge is increasing and the contexts in which that knowledge is applied are changing in unpredictable ways. The ‘basic sciences’ are important in the training of a physician. The goal of basic science training is to learn it in a way that the material can be applied in practice. Much effort has been expended to integrate basic science and clinical training, while adding many other topics to the medical curriculum. This effort has been challenging. The aims of the paper are (1) to propose a unifying conceptual framework that facilitates knowledge integration among all levels of living systems from cell to society and (2) illustrate the organizing principles with two examples of the framework in action – cybernetic systems (with feedback) and distributed robustness.MethodsLiterature related to hierarchical and holarchical frameworks was reviewed.ResultsAn organizing framework derived from living systems theory and spanning the range from molecular biology to health systems management was developed. The application of cybernetic systems to three levels (regulation of pancreatic beta cell production of insulin, physician adjustment of medication for glycaemic control and development and action of performance measures for diabetes care) was illustrated. Similarly distributed robustness was illustrated by the DNA damage response system and principles underlying patient safety.ConclusionsEach of the illustrated organizing principles offers a means to facilitate the weaving of basic science and clinical medicine throughout the course of study. The use of such an approach may promote systems thinking, which is a core competency for effective and capable medical practice.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from macroalgae Ulva lactuca against clinically important Staphylococci is impacted by lunar phase of macroalgae harvest
Authors: Deveau A.M. , Miller-Hope Z. , Lloyd E. , Williams B.S. , Bolduc C. , Meader J.M. , Weiss F. , Burkholder K.M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterial pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue infections. Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) are increasingly drug-resistant, and thus there is great need for new therapeutics to treat Staph. aureus infections. Attention has focused on potential utility of natural products, such as extracts of marine macroalgae, as a source of novel antimicrobial compounds. The green macroalgae Ulva lactuca produces compounds inhibitory to human pathogens, although the effectiveness of U. lactuca extracts against clinically relevant strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. In addition, macroalgae produce secondary metabolites that may be influenced by exogenous factors including lunar phase, but whether lunar phase affects U. lactuca antimicrobial capacity is unknown. We sought to evaluate the antibacterial properties of U. lactuca extracts against medically important Staphylococci, and to determine the effect of lunar phase on antimicrobial activity. We report that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a range of Staphylococci, and that lunar phase of macrolagae harvest significantly impacts antimicrobial activity, suggesting that antimicrobial properties can be maximized by manipulating time of algal harvest. These findings provide useful parameters for future studies aimed at isolating and characterizing U. lactuca anti-Staphylococcal agents.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant human pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has intensified efforts towards discovery and development of novel therapeutics. Marine macroalgae like Ulva lactuca are increasingly recognized as potential sources of antimicrobials, but the efficacy of U. lactuca extracts against common, virulent strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. We demonstrate that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a variety of clinically relevant Staphylococcus strains, and that the antimicrobial activity can be maximized by optimizing time of algal harvest. These findings provide potentially useful parameters for future work of isolating and identifying novel antimicrobial agents from macroalgae.
Free the sheep: improvised song and performance in and around a minecraft community
Authors: Bailey Chris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent work around the use of virtual world video games in educational contexts has conceptualised literacies as communal processes, whilst considering complex notions of collaboration through participants' multiplicity of presence in hybrid virtual / physical locations. However, further research is necessary in order to help us understand how the complex interactions afforded by such spaces influence ‐ and are influenced by ‐ children's social relationships. This article draws upon data from a year‐long ethnographic study, investigating a group of ten and eleven year old children's engagement with the video game ‘Minecraft’ as they collaborate to build a ‘virtual community’. With a particular focus on the children's improvised singing and use of song during the club, I examine how their creative practices ‐ drawing on a wide range of self‐selected resources, played out both in and out of the virtual world ‐ help to fundamentally shape the nature of the space around them. Furthermore, through examination of one particular performance, I demonstrate the importance of ensuring that such details are not written out of accounts of children interactions around technology, if we are to understand the true potential of such environments.
Host finding of the pigeon tick Argas reflexus
Authors: BOXLER B. , ODERMATT P. , HAAG‐WACKERNAGEL D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe medically and veterinary important feral pigeon tick Argas reflexus (Ixodida: Argasidae) Fabricius usually feeds on pigeons, but if its natural hosts are not available, it also enters dwellings to bite humans that can possibly react with severe allergic reactions. Argas reflexus is ecologically extremely successful as a result of some outstanding morphological, physiological, and ethological features. Yet, it is still unknown how the pigeon tick finds its hosts. Here, different host stimuli such as living nestlings as well as begging calls, body heat, smell, host breath and tick faeces, were tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Of all stimuli tested, only heat played a role in host‐finding. The heat stimulus was then tested under natural conditions within a pigeon loft. The results showed that A. reflexus is able to find a host over short distances of only a few centimetres. Furthermore, it finds its host by random movements and recognizes a host only right before direct contact is made. The findings are useful for the control of A. reflexus in infested apartments, both to diagnose an infestation and to perform a success monitoring after disinfestation.
Facilitation contributes to Mediterranean woody plant diversity but does not shape the diversity–productivity relationship along aridity gradients
Authors: Rey Pedro J. , Alcántara Julio M. , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Sánchez‐Lafuente Alfonso M. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

The diversity–productivity relationship (humped‐back model (HBM)) and the stress‐gradient (SGH) hypotheses may be connected when productivity is limited primarily by aridity. We analytically connect both hypotheses and assess the contribution of facilitation to woody plant richness along the aridity gradient of the Western Mediterranean floristic region.

We monitored regeneration niches of woody plants, obtaining rarefied species richness and plant relative interaction indices in 54 forests and scrublands in a 1750‐km geographical range across Spain, Morocco and the Canary Islands.

We verified the monotonic increase in facilitation with aridity postulated by SGH and the humped‐shape pattern of species richness expected from HBM, which became manifest after expanding the aridity gradient or crossing vegetation types. Along the gradient, interaction balance turned into facilitation earlier in forest than in scrublands. The effects of aridity and interaction balance on species diversity were additive rather than interdependent.

Facilitation is an important driver of woody species richness at macroecological scales because it added up to diversity in most sites, with enhanced contribution with increased stress. The HBM was not shaped by species interactions. Results suggest that facilitation may act in Mediterranean vegetation buffering against critical transitions between states allowing woody plant communities to cope with the rise in aridity expected with global warming.
Decomposing the Ins and Outs of Cyclical Unemployment
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Sinning Mathias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the contribution of the composition of the pool of employed and unemployed individuals to labour market dynamics in different phases of the business cycle. Using individual‐level data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), we decompose differences in employment status transition rates between upswings and downturns into explained and unexplained parts. We find that the duration of unemployment contributes to explaining unemployment outflows to employment and observe that its initially positive contribution turns negative in deep recessions. Composition effects play an important role for unemployment outflows to non‐participation but dampen the cyclicality of unemployment inflows from employment.
Anesthetic care and perioperative complications in children with Sanfilipo Syndrome Type A
Authors: Cingi Elif C. , Beebe David S. , Whitley Chester B. , Belani Kumar G. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are generally considered high risk for anesthesia care, owing to disease‐related factors. Sanfilippo syndrome type A (MPS IIIA) is the most frequently occurring MPS. Anesthesia‐specific information for MPS IIIA is not readily available in the literature.ObjectivesTo report post hoc analyses on anesthesia care and outcomes from a 2‐year study of the natural history of patients with untreated MPS IIIA (NCT01047306).MethodsSubjects were ≥1 year of age, developmental age ≥1 year, and without significant central nervous system impairment (other than that due to MPS IIIA) or issues that would preclude study procedures. Procedures requiring general anesthesia included brain/abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and echocardiography. Sedation, intubation, and extubation procedures as well as postoperative airway problems were recorded at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months of age.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (baseline age, 13–220 months) received a total of 94 general anesthetics. Patients successfully received oral sedation prior to 76 of 94 anesthetics. No patients required airway intervention or oxygen supplementation during sedation. All anesthesia providers described facemask ventilation and endotracheal intubations as ‘easy’. All subjects were successfully extubated after completion of the procedures. No patients required reintubation. Six (24%) patients had episodes of postoperative airway problems: wheezing (7/94, 7.4%), croup (6/94, 6.4%), and laryngospasm (2/94, 2.1%).ConclusionWe found no change in the modified Cormack–Lehane intubation grades in 25 Sanfilippo syndrome type A children over the 2‐year study period.
Global Host Partner Perspectives: Utilizing a Conceptual Model to Strengthen Collaboration with Host Partners for International Nursing Student Placements
Authors: Underwood Margot , Gleeson Judith , Konnert Candace , Wong Katherine , Valerio Bautista 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesCollaboration in international nursing student placements requires equitable partnerships between global partners to address areas of shared importance, such as equity and justice in health promotion. This qualitative study was the first to use the Leffers and Mitchell Conceptual Model for Partnership and Sustainability in Global Health to elicit global host partners' perspectives regarding effective collaboration for Canadian community health nursing placements in the Dominican Republic.Design and SampleFocus group and semi‐structured interview methodology was conducted with Dominican Republic (Dominican and Haitian) host partners (n = 23) about the engagement processes and host partner factors for effective partnership.ResultsDominican (83%) and Haitian (17%) participants, comprised similar numbers of male and female adults aged 18–60 years (mean age = 36 years), represented the full range of the Dominican Republic host partners (e.g., teachers, health professionals). Interpretive analysis revealed themes that included (1) the unique role of the cultural broker; (2) relational collaboration in a collective society; (3) reciprocal approaches that honor local expertise; and (4) contextual socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence partnerships.ConclusionsFuture research and implications at the individual, community, and policy levels are discussed.
Origin and mechanism of crassulacean acid metabolism in orchids as implied by comparative transcriptomics and genomics of the carbon fixation pathway
Authors: Zhang Liangsheng , Chen Fei , Zhang Guo‐Qiang , Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Niu Shance , Xiong Jin‐Song , Lin Zhenguo , Cheng Zong‐Ming (Max) , Liu Zhong‐Jian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a CO2 fixation pathway that maximizes water‐use efficiency (WUE), compared with the C3/C4 CO2 pathway, which permits CAM plants to adapt to arid environments. The CAM pathway provides excellent opportunities to genetically design plants, especially bioenergy crops, with a high WUE and better photosynthetic performance than C3/C4 in arid environments. The information available on the origin and evolution of CAM is scant, however. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes from 13 orchid species and two existing orchid genomes, covering CAM and C3 plants, with an emphasis on comparing 13 gene families involved in the complete carbon fixation pathway. The dosage of the core photosynthesis‐related genes plays no substantial role in the evolution of CAM in orchids; however, CAM may have evolved primarily by changes at the transcription level of key carbon fixation pathway genes. We proposed that in both dark and light, CO2 is primarily fixed and then released through two metabolic pathways via known genes, such as PPC1, PPDK and PPCK. This study reports a comprehensive comparison of carbon fixation pathway genes across different photosynthetic plants, and reveals the importance of the level of expression of key genes in the origin and evolution of CAM.
Climate Change Aggravates the Energy-Water-Food Nexus
Authors: Wong Kaufui V. , Chaudhry Sarmad 
Published: March 2016

There are regions in the world experiencing the energy-food-water nexus problems. These regions tend to have high population density, economy that depends on agriculture and climates with lower annual rainfall that may have been adversely affected by climate change.
A case in point is the river basin of the Indus. The Indus River is a large and important river running through four countries in East Asia and South Asia: China, India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
The region is highly dependent on water for both food and energy. The interlinkage of these three components is the cause for the energy-water-food nexus. The difficulty in effectively managing the use of these resources is their very interdependence. For instance, water availability and policies may influence food production, which is governed by agricultural policies, which will further affect energy production from both water and biofuel sources, which will in turn require the usage of water.
The situation is further complicated when climate change is taken into account. On the surface, an increase in temperatures would be devastating during the dry season for a region that uses up to 70% of the total land for agriculture. There are predictions that crop production in the region would decrease; the Threedegreeswarmer organization estimated that crop production in the region could decrease by up to 30% come 2050.
Unfortunately, the suspected effects of climate change are more than just changes in temperature, precipitation, monsoon patterns, and drought frequencies. A huge concern is the accelerating melting of glaciers in the Himalayas. Some models predict that a global increase in temperature of just 1°C can decrease glacial volume by 50%. The loss of meltwaters from the Himalayan glaciers during the dry season will be crippling for the Indus River and Valley. In a region where up to 90% of accessible water is used for agriculture, there will be an increased strain on food supply. This will further deteriorate the current situation in the region, where almost half of the world’s hungry and undernourished people reside. While the use of hydropower to generate electricity is already many times lower than the potential use, future scarcity of water will limit the potential ability of hydropower to supply energy to people who already experience less than 50% access to electricity.
In the current work, suggestions have been put forward to save the increased glacier melt for current and future use where necessary, improve electricity generation efficiency, use sea water for Rankine power cycle cooling and combined cycle cooling, and increase use desalination for drinking water. Energy conservation practices should also be practiced. All of these suggestions must be considered to address the rising issues in the energy-water-food nexus.
Technoeconomy of Different Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Cycles
Authors: Rokni Masoud 
Published: March 2016

Gas turbine, steam turbine and heat engine (Stirling engine) is used as bottoming cycle for a solid oxide fuel cell plant to compare different plants efficiencies, CO2 emissions and plants cost in terms of $/kW. Each plant is then integrated with biomass gasification and finally six plants configurations are compared with each other. Technoeconomy is used when calculating the cost if the plants.
It is found that when a solid oxide fuel cell plant is combined with a gas turbine cycle then the plant efficiency will be the highest one while if a biomass gasification plant is integrated with these hybrid cycles then integrated biomass gasification with solid oxide fuel cell and steam cycle will have the highest plant efficiency.
The cost of solid oxide fuel cell with steam plant is found to be the lowest one with a value of about 1030$/kW.