bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different predictivity of fluid responsiveness by pulse pressure variation in children after surgical repair of ventricular septal defect or tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Han Ding , Pan Shoudong , Wang Xiaonan , Jia Qingyan , Luo Yi , Li Jia , Ou‐Yang Chuan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPulse pressure variation derived from the varied pulse contour method is based on heart‐lung interaction during mechanical ventilation. It has been shown that pulse pressure variation is predictive of fluid responsiveness in children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defect. Right ventricle compliance and pulmonary vascular capacitance in children with tetralogy of Fallot are underdeveloped as compared to those in ventricular septal defect. We hypothesized that the difference in the right ventricle‐pulmonary circulation in the two groups of children would affect the heart‐lung interaction and therefore pulse pressure variation predictivity of fluid responsiveness following cardiac surgery.MethodsInfants undergoing complete repair of ventricular septal defect (n=38, 1.05±0.75 years) and tetralogy of Fallot (n=36, 1.15±0.68 years) clinically presenting with low cardiac output were enrolled. Fluid infusion with 5% albumin or fresh frozen plasma was administered. Pulse pressure variation was recorded using pressure recording analytical method along with cardiac index before and after fluid infusion. Patients were considered as responders to fluid loading when cardiac index increased ≥15%. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis was used to assess the accuracy and cutoffs of pulse pressure variation to predict fluid responsiveness.ResultsThe pulse pressure variation values before and after fluid infusion were lower in tetralogy of Fallot children than those in ventricular septal defect children (15.2±4.4% vs 19.3±4.4%, P<.001; 11.6±3.8 vs 15.4±4.3%, P<.001, respectively). In ventricular septal defect children, 27 were responders and 11 nonresponders. Receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.77‐1.01) and cutoff value 17.4% with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.91. In tetralogy of Fallot children, 26 were responders and 10 were nonresponders. Receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64‐0.94) and cutoff value 13.4% with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.80.ConclusionPulse pressure variation is predictive of fluid responsiveness in ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot patients following cardiac surgery.
Effectiveness of quantitative resistance conferred by the genetic background of pepper in the control of root‐knot nematodes and influence onto durability of Me1‐ and Me3‐resistant genes in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Sánchez‐Solana Fulgencio , Ros Caridad , Guerrero María del Mar , Martínez Victoriano , Lacasa Carmen María , Hernández Ana , Palloix Alain , Lacasa Alfredo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn pepper (Capsicum annuum), the major genes (R‐genes) Me1 and Me3 confer resistance against root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The combination of R‐genes and quantitative resistance factors in the same genotype is considered a good breeding strategy for increasing the durability of R‐genes. To ascertain this hypothesis, five pepper inbred lines, differing in their quantitative resistance level, were combined with Me1 or Me3 genes in F1 hybrids. The resistance of inbred lines and F1 hybrids was evaluated in a greenhouse with soil naturally infected by M. incognita in two successive growing years. In both years, lines carrying Me3 were less infected by the nematode when combined with quantitative resistance. An increase in nematode infection was observed in the second growing year in lines carrying Me1 or Me3, independently of quantitative resistance. The infection level recorded in inbred lines without R‐genes was similar in both years. The effectiveness of quantitative resistance controlling M. incognita is confirmed in greenhouse conditions, although the durability of Me1 and Me3 when combined with quantitative resistance factors was not seen to increase.
Nitric oxide is essential for the development of aerenchyma in wheat roots under hypoxic stress
Authors: Wany Aakanksha , Kumari Aprajita , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn response to flooding/waterlogging, plants develop various anatomical changes including the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma for the delivery of oxygen to roots. Under hypoxia, plants produce high levels of nitric oxide (NO) but the role of this molecule in plant‐adaptive response to hypoxia is not known. Here, we investigated whether ethylene‐induced aerenchyma requires hypoxia‐induced NO. Under hypoxic conditions, wheat roots produced NO apparently via nitrate reductase and scavenging of NO led to a marked reduction in aerenchyma formation. Interestingly, we found that hypoxically induced NO is important for induction of the ethylene biosynthetic genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. Hypoxia‐induced NO accelerated production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein tyrosine nitration. Other events related to cell death such as increased conductivity, increased cellulase activity, DNA fragmentation, and cytoplasmic streaming occurred under hypoxia, and opposing effects were observed by scavenging NO. The NO scavenger cPTIO (2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide potassium salt) and ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor CoCl2 both led to reduced induction of genes involved in signal transduction such as phospholipase C, G protein alpha subunit, calcium‐dependent protein kinase family genes CDPK, CDPK2, CDPK 4, Ca‐CAMK, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 5‐phosphatase 1, and protein kinase suggesting that hypoxically induced NO is essential for the development of aerenchyma.
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 8‐week trial of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 5, 10, and 20 mg/day vortioxetine in adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Aritomi Yutaka , Sasai Kiyofumi , Kitagawa Tadayuki , Mahableshwarkar Atul R. 
Published: August 2017

AimThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of vortioxetine in adults with major depressive disorder.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 600 patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive vortioxetine 5, 10, or 20 mg, or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end‐point was change from baseline in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at week 8, evaluated by the last‐observation‐carried‐forward method. Secondary end‐points included response (≥ 50% decrease in the MADRS total score from baseline) and remission (MADRS total score ≤ 10), Clinical Global Impression Scale‐Improvement, and change from baseline in Sheehan Disability Scale. Adverse events were summarized.ResultsVortioxetine failed to show significant differences from placebo in the primary end‐point. Nominally significant improvements over placebo were observed for vortioxetine doses of 10 and 20 mg when the primary end‐point was evaluated using the mixed model for repeated measures as the secondary analysis, and 10 mg in secondary measures of response and patient functioning. Vortioxetine was well tolerated. Nausea, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, and insomnia each occurred at a >twofold higher rate than placebo. Discontinuation symptom scores were comparable between all groups after 1 and 2 weeks following withdrawal of the study drug.ConclusionWhile vortioxetine failed to meet significance versus placebo in the primary efficacy analysis, there was evidence of efficacy for the 10‐ and 20‐mg doses in secondary analyses. Vortioxetine was safe and well tolerated. Additional studies appear warranted.
Antischistosome antibodies change NTPDase 1 activity from macrophages
Authors: Marconato D. G. , Gusmão M. A. do N. , Melo J. , Castro J. M. de A. , Macedo G. C. , Vasconcelos E. G. , Faria‐Pinto P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryNTPDases are enzymes that hydrolyse diphosphate and triphosphate nucleosides, regulating purinergic signalling in many organisms. The Schistosoma mansoni NTPDases, SmATPDases 1 and 2, are antigenic proteins and display a significant homology with the isoforms found in mammalian cells. In this work, we investigated whether anti‐SmATPDase antibodies from S. mansoni‐infected mice sera show cross‐reactivity with the NTPDase 1 isoform from macrophages and how this event affects the cell proliferation. By Western blot, anti‐SmATPDase antibodies present in serum from infected mice recognized 2 bands with approximately 53 and 58 kDa, corresponding to NTPDase 1. Additionally, the enzyme was identified in macrophages by immunofluorescence and the anti‐SmATPDase antibodies were able to reduce activity enzyme (22%). Macrophages incubated with commercial polyclonal antibodies reactive with NTPDase 1 (anti‐CD39) showed a reduction of 40% of the enzyme activity. In proliferation assays, macrophage proliferation was inhibited 11% and 90% by pooled sera from infected animals and anti‐CD39, respectively. The results suggest that inhibition of NTPDase 1 in macrophages by antibodies produced against the isoforms of the S. mansoni ATPDases could be a mechanism of regulation in the immune response during experimental schistosomiasis.
China's desertification deconstructed: towards a scientists' model based on long‐term perceptions of grassland restoration (1995–2011)
Authors: Zhao Heng , Zhao Ying , Gao Guiying , Ho Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is considerable debate about the causes of grassland degradation and desertification in China. The discussion is rekindled by recent studies that claim restoration. The reversal in degradation is attributed to policies, which include the grazing ban and the pasture contract system. Contrarily, this article maintains that these studies disregard the complexity and multilayered nature of grassland degradation, and questions whether aforementioned policies have had this effect. In this context, we report on one of the first long‐term surveys (1995 and 2011) of herders' perceptions. The survey (492 valid responses) represents two ecoregions: the semiarid desert/steppe and Loess Plateau pasture. Based on the data, we adopted a renewed analytical model for scientists, termed theCCC‐Framework. The model calls for caution in proposing certain restoration measures when uncertainties are identified around a “triple C”: (1) condition of vegetation; (2) causality of degradation; and (3) costs of implementation. According to this framework, we establish uncertainty about theconditionof allegedly restored vegetation, with particular reference to herders' perceived rise in nonpalatable grass species. Moreover,causalitybetween grassland restoration and effect is difficult to ascertain due the short time frame in which most studies have been conducted. Lastly, it is doubtful whether to date undetermined ecological benefits outweigh implementationcosts, especially as the survey pinpointed herders' loss of livelihood without alternative income, illegal grazing, low legal understanding, and limited access to grassland rights.
Diagnostic performance of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided mediastinal lymph node sampling in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Vial Macarena R. , O'Connell Oisin J. , Grosu Horiana B. , Hernandez Mike , Noor Laila , Casal Roberto F. , Stewart John , Sarkiss Mona , Jimenez Carlos A. , Rice David , Mehran Reza , Ost David E. , Eapen George A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveStandard nodal staging of lung cancer consists of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), followed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) if PET/CT shows mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA in patients with N0/N1 disease by PET/CT is unclear and largely based on retrospective studies. We assessed the sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA in this setting.MethodsWe enrolled patients with proven or suspected lung cancer staged as N0/N1 by PET/CT and without metastatic disease (M0), who underwent staging EBUS‐TBNA. Primary outcome was sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA compared with a composite reference standard of surgical stage or EBUS‐TBNA stage if EBUS demonstrated N2/N3 disease.ResultsSeventy‐five patients were included in the analysis. Mean tumour size was 3.52 cm (±1.63). Fifteen of 75 patients (20%) had N2 disease. EBUS‐TBNA identified six while nine were only identified at surgery. Sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA for N2 disease was 40% (95% CI: 16.3–67.7%).ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with N0/N1 disease by PET/CT had N2 disease (20%) and EBUS‐TBNA identified a substantial fraction of these patients, thus improving diagnostic accuracy compared with PET/CT alone. Sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA however appears lower compared with historical data from patients with larger volume mediastinal disease. Therefore, strategies to improve EBUS‐TBNA accuracy in this population should be further explored
Learning and transforming conventional wisdom: Reading and rhetoric in the Elizabethan grammar school
Authors: Mack Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the question of the contribution of rhetorical training to Elizabethan culture and writing in the light of our developing understanding of renaissance rhetoric. It argues that the rhetorical skills taught in the grammar school provided pupils with ways of both elaborating and transforming conventional wisdom. It begins with some general observations about rhetorical theory and the Elizabethan classroom. It considers the way in which the texts and practices of the Elizabethan grammar school inculcated rhetorical skills. It considers the contribution of rhetorical training and conventional wisdom to new thinking in some sonnets by Sidney and some Speeches from Hamlet. It concludes with some comments on the relationship between reading, writing and new thinking in Elizabethan culture.
What is the postpartum experience of Danish women following gestational diabetes? A qualitative exploration
Authors: Svensson Line , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) receive acute but short‐term care during pregnancy. There is less direct support during the postpartum period; women are offered general advice on how to follow a healthy lifestyle to avoid developing future type 2 diabetes. Observational studies suggest that a substantial proportion of women with prior GDM do not sustain recommended lifestyle changes postpartum. In a qualitative study, we examined how Danish women diagnosed with GDM experience the transition from a GDM‐affected pregnancy to the postpartum period.MethodsSemistructured interviews with six women diagnosed with GDM. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsA GDM diagnosis was accompanied by worries about the health of the woman's baby. This was also the driving force behind the women's motivation to engage in lifestyle changes during pregnancy. The outpatient treatment was perceived to be strict and associated with various challenges, including cravings and discomfort. After the delivery, taking care of the baby became the women's dominant focus. Social and emotional support from partners were needed to maintain motivation and prioritise a healthy lifestyle. The women's experience of the health system varied. However, in the postpartum period all the women experienced limited interaction and initiative from their healthcare providers in supporting them to engage in a healthy lifestyle.ConclusionsThis study identified barriers and facilitators to sustaining a healthy lifestyle postpartum. Efforts at multiple levels – including the individual, family and health system – are needed to facilitate and support a healthy lifestyle among women with prior GDM.
Variable character and diverse origin of hybrid event beds in a sandy submarine fan system, Pennsylvanian Ross Sandstone Formation, western Ireland
Authors: Pierce Colm S. , Haughton Peter D. W. , Shannon Patrick M. , Pulham Andy J. , Barker Simon P. , Martinsen Ole J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHybrid event beds comprising both clean and mud‐rich sandstone are important components of many deep‐water systems and reflect the passage of turbulent sediment gravity flows with zones of clay‐damped or suppressed turbulence. ‘Behind‐outcrop’ cores from the Pennsylvanian deep‐water Ross Sandstone Formation reveal hybrid event beds with a wide range of expression in terms of relative abundance, character and inferred origin. Muddy hybrid event beds first appear in the underlying Clare Shale Formation where they are interpreted as the distal run‐out of the wakes to flows which deposited most of their sand up‐dip before transforming to fluid mud. These are overlain by unusually thick (up to 4·4 m), coarse sandy hybrid event beds (89% of the lowermost Ross Formation by thickness) that record deposition from outsized flows in which transformations were driven by both substrate entrainment in the body of the flow and clay fractionation in the wake. A switch to dominantly fine‐grained sand was accompanied initially by the arrest of turbulence‐damped, mud‐rich flows with evidence for transitional flow conditions and thick fluid mud caps. The mid and upper Ross Formation contain metre‐scale bed sets of hybrid event beds (21 to 14%, respectively) in (i) upward‐sandying bed set associations immediately beneath amalgamated sheet or channel elements; (ii) stacked thick‐bedded and thin‐bedded hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets; (iii) associations of hybrid event bed‐dominated bed sets alternating with conventional turbidites; and (iv) rare outsized hybrid event beds. Hybrid event bed dominance in the lower Ross Formation may reflect significant initial disequilibrium, a bias towards large‐volume flows in distal sectors of the basin, extensive mud‐draped slopes and greater drop heights promoting erosion. Higher in the formation, hybrid event beds record local perturbations related to channel switching, lobe relocations and extension of channels across the fan surface. The Ross Sandstone Formation confirms that hybrid event beds can form in a variety of ways, even in the same system, and that different flow transformation mechanisms may operate even during the passage of a single flow.
Comparing soil physical properties from continuous conventional tillage with long‐term reduced tillage affected by one‐time inversion
Authors: Kuhwald M. , Blaschek M. , Brunotte J. , Duttmann R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn addition to various positive aspects, long‐term reduced tillage may cause disadvantages such as increased weed pressure and soil compaction. Thus, single inversion tillage is customarily used for overcoming these drawbacks; however, the effects on the enhanced soil functions are unknown. The main objective of this study was therefore to assess whether improved soil physical properties following long‐term reduced tillage remain after one‐time inversion tillage by mouldboard plough. The study was undertaken on a silt loam field in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1996, this field has been subdivided into three treatments; one was managed conventionally using a mouldboard plough (CT), while on the others a chisel plough (RT1) and a disc harrow (RT2) were employed. In October 2014, the entire field was mouldboard ploughed. The following year, four field campaigns were conducted to compare the soil physical properties of the continuously conventional tilled plot with those affected by one‐time inversion tillage (RT1 and RT2). Dry bulk density (DBD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and infiltration rate [K(h)] were analysed in untrafficked and trafficked areas in each plot. There were clear differences between CT and RT. At all sampling dates, both RT plots had higher Ks and K(h) compared with CT. These differences also occurred to some extent on the trafficked areas. This suggests that improved soil hydraulic properties remained after one‐time inversion tillage of a long‐term reduced tilled field. Thus, one‐time inversion tillage may offer a suitable measure for overcoming some of the main disadvantages associated with long‐term reduced tillage, while preserving the positive effects on soil physical properties.
Hematologic reference intervals for wild Black vultures (Coragyps atratus)
Authors: Barbara Jean C. A. , Ferreira Vivian L. , Guida Fernanda J. V. , Prioste Fabíola E. S. , Matushima Eliana R. , Raso Tânia F. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) is the most common species of vulture and is widespread in all America. The species feeds on rotting carcasses, and large groups are frequently seen in urban areas, concentrating especially on rubbish dumps. Although C atratus is a very common species in some areas, little is known about its health in the wild.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine hematologic RIs of wild adult Black vultures.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 70 wild Black vultures captured in São Paulo, Brazil. Hematologic values were determined using conventional techniques applicable to birds. Reference intervals were determined using an Excel program with Reference Value Adviser (version 2.0).ResultsAfter statistical analysis, the following RIs were determined: HGB 8.5–12.5 g/dL, PCV 42.3–54.5%, MCV 203.2–402.6 fL, MCHC 17.4–26.2 g/dL, total solids 2.4–4.8 g/dL, RBC count 1.16–2.48 × 106/μL, WBC count 5.93–27.14 × 103/μL, heterophils 3.40–21.58 × 103/μL, lymphocytes 0.19–5.16 × 103/μL, eosinophils 0.0–3.07 × 103/μL, monocytes 0.0–1.49 × 103/μL, basophils 0.0–0.25 × 103/μL, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio 1.3–36.9. Thrombocyte mean was 14.14 × 103/μL.ConclusionsBaseline hematologic data obtained in this study provide RIs that will be useful given that few studies have been carried out on the health of New World vultures.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Use with Positive Blood Cultures: Methodology, Performance, and Optimization
Authors: Faron Matthew L. , Buchan Blake W. , Ledeboer Nathan A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Early initiation of effective antibiotics for septic patients is essential for patient survival. Matrix-assisted desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized clinical microbiology for isolate identification and has the possibility to impact how blood culture testing is performed. This review discusses the various uses of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification and susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures, the performance of these methods, and the outcomes involved with its implementation.
Population Diversity and Collective Interactions during Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Brooke Christopher B. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to pose an enormous and unpredictable global public health threat, largely due to the continual evolution of escape from preexisting immunity and the potential for zoonotic emergence. Understanding how the unique genetic makeup and structure of IAV populations influences their transmission and evolution is essential for developing more-effective vaccines, therapeutics, and surveillance capabilities. Owing to their mutation-prone replicase and unique genome organization, IAV populations exhibit enormous amounts of diversity both in terms of sequence and functional gene content. Here, I review what is currently known about the genetic and genomic diversity present within IAV populations and how this diversity may shape the replicative and evolutionary dynamics of these viruses.