bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chewing efficiency and maximum bite force with different attachment systems of implant overdentures: a crossover study
Authors: Elsyad Moustafa Abdou , Khairallah Ahmed Samir 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurposeThis crossover study aimed to evaluate and compare chewing efficiency and maximum bite force (MBF) with resilient telescopic and bar attachment systems of implant overdentures in patients with atrophied mandibles.Material and methodsTen participants with severely resorbed mandibles and persistent denture problems received new maxillary and mandibular conventional dentures (control, CD). After 3 months of adaptation, two implants were inserted in canine region of the mandible. In a quasi‐random method, overdentures were connected to the implants with either bar overdentures (BOD) or resilient telescopic overdentures (TOD) attachment systems. Chewing efficiency in terms of unmixed fraction (UF) was measured using chewing gum (after 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 strokes), and MBF was measured using a bite force transducer. Measurements were performed 3 months after using each of the following prostheses: CD, BOD and TOD.ResultsChewing efficiency and MBF increased significantly with BOD and TOD compared to CD. As the number of chewing cycles increased, the UF decreased. TOD recorded significant higher chewing efficiency and MBF than BOD.ConclusionResilient telescopic attachments are associated with increased chewing efficiency and MBF compared bar attachments when used to retain overdentures to the implants in patients with atrophied mandibles.
Hybridization, agency discretion, and implementation of the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Authors: Lind‐Riehl Jennifer F. , Mayer Audrey L. , Wellstead Adam M. , Gailing Oliver 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the “best available scientific and commercial data” be used to protect imperiled species from extinction and preserve biodiversity. However, it does not provide specific guidance on how to apply this mandate. Scientific data can be uncertain and controversial, particularly regarding species delineation and hybridization issues. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) had an evolving hybrid policy to guide protection decisions for individuals of hybrid origin. Currently, this policy is in limbo because it resulted in several controversial conservation decisions in the past. Biologists from FWS must interpret and apply the best available science to their recommendations and likely use considerable discretion in making recommendations for what species to list, how to define those species, and how to recover them. We used semistructured interviews to collect data on FWS biologists’ use of discretion to make recommendations for listed species with hybridization issues. These biologists had a large amount of discretion to determine the best available science and how to interpret it but generally deferred to the scientific consensus on the taxonomic status of an organism. Respondents viewed hybridization primarily as a problem in the context of the ESA, although biologists who had experience with hybridization issues were more likely to describe it in more nuanced terms. Many interviewees expressed a desire to continue the current case‐by‐case approach for handling hybridization issues, but some wanted more guidance on procedures (i.e., a “flexible” hybrid policy). Field‐level information can provide critical insight into which policies are working (or not working) and why. The FWS biologists’ we interviewed had a high level of discretion, which greatly influenced ESA implementation, particularly in the context of hybridization.
Use of complementary medicine in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab within a clinical trial
Authors: Huebner Jutta , Mohr Peter , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Fluck Michael , Berking Carola , Zimmer Lisa , Loquai Carmen 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesIn Germany, 40–90 % of all cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). So far, no data are available on the use of CAM by melanoma patients. The objective of our study was to gather data on CAM use, sources of information, and goals of patients with metastatic melanoma.Patients and MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐six patients from 25 study centers participated in the DecOG‐MM‐PAL‐Multibasket Study. These individuals were also asked to participate in a side study addressing CAM use. A standardized CAM questionnaire was distributed at defined points during the treatment.ResultsOverall, 55 questionnaires from 32 (21 %) melanoma patients were received. Of those, 17 (53 %) stated an interest in CAM, and seven (22 %) actually used CAM. Family and friends were the main source of information (31 %), followed by physicians (19 %). The main reasons for using CAM were boosting the immune system (41 %) and strengthening the body (34 %). Supplements (vitamins and trace elements) were most commonly used (28 %).ConclusionsA relatively high number of metastatic melanoma patients used CAM despite their participation in a clinical trial. Interactions may be due to biologically based CAM, especially immunomodulatory CAM strategies. In order to avoid risks, communication between physicians and patients should be improved.
Gebrauch von Komplementärmedizin bei Patienten mit metastasierendem Melanom unter Therapie mit Ipilimumab innerhalb einer klinischen Studie
Authors: Huebner Jutta , Mohr Peter , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Fluck Michael , Berking Carola , Zimmer Lisa , Loquai Carmen 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielIn Deutschland wenden 40–90 % aller Krebspatienten Methoden der komplementären and alternativen Medizin (KAM) an. Bis dato gibt es kein Datenmaterial zum Einsatz der KAM bei Melanompatienten. Das Ziel unserer Studie war es, Daten über den Gebrauch, die Informationsquellen und Ziele von Patienten mit metastasierendem Melanom zu erfassen.Patienten und MethodenEinhundertsechsundfünfzig Patienten aus 25 Studienzentren nahmen an der DecOG‐MM‐PAL Multibasket Studie teil. Die beteiligten Personen wurden auch gebeten, an einer Nebenstudie teilzunehmen, die ihren Gebrauch von KAM erfassen sollte. Dazu wurde während der Behandlung ein standardisierter Fragebogen zu genau festgelegten Zeitpunkten ausgeteilt.ErgebnisseInsgesamt gingen 55 Fragebögen von 32 (21 %) Melanompatienten ein. Von diesen gaben 17 (53 %) ein Interesse an KAM an, und sieben (22 %) machten von KAM Gebrauch. Die Hauptinformationsquellen (31 %) waren Familienmitglieder und Freunde, gefolgt von Ärzten (19 %). Die Hauptgründe für die Anwendung von KAM waren die Stärkung des Immunsystems (41 %) und des Körpers (34 %). Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (Vitamine und Spurenelemente) wurden am häufigsten angewendet (28 %).FazitEine relativ hohe Anzahl an Patienten mit metastasierendem Melanom machte trotz Teilnahme an einer klinischen Studie von KAM Gebrauch. Wechselwirkungen könnten durch biologisch basierte KAM auftreten, und hier besonders bei immunmodulierenden KAM‐ Strategien. Um Risiken zu vermeiden, sollte die Kommunikation zwischen den Ärzten und den Patienten verbessert werden.
Are the classic diagnostic methods in mycology still state of the art?
Authors: Wiegand Cornelia , Bauer Andrea , Brasch Jochen , Nenoff Pietro , Schaller Martin , Mayser Peter , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Elsner Peter 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe diagnostic workup of cutaneous fungal infections is traditionally based on microscopic KOH preparations as well as culturing of the causative organism from sample material. Another possible option is the detection of fungal elements by dermatohistology. If performed correctly, these methods are generally suitable for the diagnosis of mycoses. However, the advent of personalized medicine and the tasks arising therefrom require new procedures marked by simplicity, specificity, and swiftness. The additional use of DNA‐based molecular techniques further enhances sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, and reduces the diagnostic interval to 24–48 hours, compared to weeks required for conventional mycological methods. Given the steady evolution in the field of personalized medicine, simple analytical PCR‐based systems are conceivable, which allow for instant diagnosis of dermatophytes in the dermatology office (point‐of‐care tests).
Sind die klassischen Methoden zur mykologischen Diagnostik noch „State‐of‐the‐Art“?
Authors: Wiegand Cornelia , Bauer Andrea , Brasch Jochen , Nenoff Pietro , Schaller Martin , Mayser Peter , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Elsner Peter 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Labordiagnose einer Pilzinfektion der Haut basiert traditionell auf dem Nativpräparat und der Anzucht des Erregers aus dem klinischen Material. Auch der dermato‐ histologischer Nachweis von Pilzelementen ist möglich. Diese Methoden sind, sofern sie korrekt ausgeführt werden, in der Regel zum Pilznachweis geeignet. Im Zuge der personalisierten Medizin und den daraus erwachsenden Aufgaben werden jedoch neue Verfahren erforderlich, welche einfach, spezifisch und schnell sind. Der zusätzliche Einsatz von DNA‐basierten molekularen Methoden erhöht die Empfindlichkeit sowie die diagnostische Spezifität und reduziert die zum Teil wochenlange Durchführungszeit der konventionellen mykologischen Diagnostik auf 24 bis 48 Stunden. Im Zuge der stetigen Weiterentwicklung im Bereich der personalisierten Medizin sind einfache Analysensysteme auf PCR‐Basis denkbar, die in der Hautarztpraxis eine Dermatophyten‐Sofort‐Diagnostik erlauben (Point‐of‐Care‐Tests).
Aktuelle Optionen zur Behandlung pathologischer Narben
Authors: Poetschke Julian , Gauglitz Gerd G. 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungDie Entstehung von Narben ist die Konsequenz von Operationen, Traumata und verschiedenen Hautkrankheiten. Neben frischen unreifen Narben, die im Laufe der Heilung in reife Narben übergehen und in der Regel keiner weiteren Behandlung bedürfen, existieren lineare hypertrophe Narben, flächige hypertrophe Narben, Keloide und atrophe Narben, die aufgrund von Symptomen wie Juckreiz und Schmerzen, einer Stigmatisierung, funktionellen und ästhetischen Einschränkungen für die betroffenen Patienten sehr störend und Grundlage für einen Behandlungswunsch sein können. Für die Behandlung und Prävention von Narben existiert heutzutage eine Vielzahl von Optionen. Zur Anwendung kommen können Externa, basierend auf Silikon oder Zwiebelextrakt, intraläsionale Injektionsverfahren mit kristallinen Glukokortikoiden (häufig in Kombination mit Kryotherapie) oder 5‐Fluorouracil sowie ablative und nichtablative Laserverfahren. Um die Vielfalt an Behandlungsansätzen und die aktuelle Datenlage für die behandelnden Ärzte zusammenzufassen, existieren aktuelle Leitlinien, mit deren Hilfe für jeden einzelnen Narbentyp klare Therapieempfehlungen gegeben werden können. Dies erlaubt es, Patienten zu schnellerer Beschwerdefreiheit zu verhelfen und ihren ästhetischen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden. Neben der immer wichtiger werdenden Narbenprävention nimmt auch der zunehmende Einsatz modernster Laserverfahren einen zentralen Stellenwert in der klinischen Narbenbehandlung ein. Zugleich liegt großes Augenmerk darauf, aktuelle Therapieverfahren mit Hilfe zeitgemäßer Studiendesigns zu evaluieren, um die Evidenz der Narbenbehandlung zunehmend zu verbessern.
Effects of size and sex on swimming performance and metabolism of invasive mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki
Authors: Srean Pao , Almeida David , Rubio‐Gracia Francesc , Luo Yiping , García‐Berthou Emili 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn freshwater ecosystems, abiotic factors such as flow regime and water quality are considered important predictors of ecosystem invasibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the critical swimming capacity and metabolism of the eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, focusing on sex and size effects, to evaluate the influence of water flow on its invasive success. Specimens of mosquitofish were captured from the Ter Vell lagoon (L'Estartit, north‐eastern Spain) in July 2014, and we measured the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and oxygen consumption of individual fish (30 females and 30 males) using a mini swim tunnel. The mean Ucrit of this poeciliid fish was estimated at 14.11 cm·s−1 (range = 4.85–22.26), which is lower than that of many other fishes of similar size and confirms that this species is limnophilic and its invasive success might be partially explained by hydrologic alterations. However, the Ucrit and maximal metabolic rate vary markedly with fish size and sex, with males having much higher values for the same body mass, and thus probably being more resistant to strong water flows. Multiple regression models illustrate that multivariate analyses might increase the predictive power and understanding of swimming performance and metabolic traits, compared to results from conventional simple regressions.
Effect of pH and prior phosphate application on the reaction of fluoride with soils from northern India
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Debnath Abhijit , Chatterjee S. 
Published: April 2016

We investigated whether long‐term application of phosphate fertilizers, often as phosphate rock, had led to the accumulation of soluble fluoride in soil from tea estates in northern India. We also compared fluoride sorption and desorption with that of sulphate and of phosphate. We found no evidence of build‐up of soluble fluoride and ascribed this to the very heavy rainfall of about 3 m, nearly all of which occurs during a 4‐month monsoon period. Fluoride sorption was more sensitive than phosphate or sulphate sorption to the build‐up of a negative charge caused by long‐term application of phosphate fertilizers. We think that this occurred because the fluoride ion is smaller and the mean centre of charge is, therefore, located closer to the surface. When the negative charge is increased, it, therefore, experiences a greater decrease in potential than ions for which the mean centre of charge is further from the surface. When the phosphate status of the soil was low, fluoride showed sorption–desorption hysteresis. That is the desorption curve differed from the sorption curve. When the phosphate status of the soil was higher, this was not the case. Similar effects have been observed previously for both phosphate and sulphate. We had speculated that the fluoride ion, being smaller, might have been able to penetrate pores ‘blocked’ by a previous reaction with phosphate, but this did not happen. We conclude that characterizing the charge on sorbed ions, its location and especially the accumulation of a negative charge following a long‐term reaction with phosphate is important for understanding specific sorption on ions.Highlights
We investigated the effects of long‐term application of phosphate rock on tea estates.
We ascribed the lack of build‐up of soluble fluoride to monsoon rainfall of about 3 m.
Fluoride sorption was more sensitive than phosphate or sulphate sorption to the build‐up of a negative charge caused by long‐term application of phosphate fertilizers.
Characterizing the charge on sorbed ions, its location and the accumulation of a negative charge is important.
Prognostic significance of pulsatile tinnitus in cervical artery dissection
Authors: Kellert L. , Kloss M. , Pezzini A. , Debette S. , Leys D. , Caso V. , Thijs V. N. , Bersano A. , Touzé E. , Tatlisumak T. , Traenka C. , Lyrer P. A. , Engelter S. T. , Metso T. M. , Grond‐Ginsbach C. ,   the Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) study group
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeOur aim was to investigate whether pulsatile tinnitus (PT) in cervical artery dissection (CeAD) has prognostic significance.MethodsAll CeAD patients from the CADISP (Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients) study with documentation of PT were analysed. The presence of PT was systematically assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Stroke severity at admission was defined according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Excellent outcome after 3 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 0–1.ResultsSixty‐three of 778 patients (8.1%) reported PT. PT+ patients presented less often with ischaemic stroke (41.3% vs. 63.9%, P < 0.001), more often with dissection in the internal carotid artery (85.7% vs. 64.2%, P = 0.001), less often with vessel occlusion (19.0% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.017) and more often with excellent outcome at 3 months (92.1% vs. 75.4%, P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis identified PT as an independent predictor of excellent outcome after 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–12.87] adjusted to significant outcome predictors NIHSS on admission (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.79–0.86), Horner syndrome (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.16–3.29) and vessel occlusion (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.94) and to non‐significant predictors age, sex, pain and location of CeAD.ConclusionThe presence of PT in CeAD is associated with a benign clinical course and predicts a favourable outcome.
Enhancing conservation of Australian freshwater ecosystems: identification of freshwater flagship fishes and relevant target audiences
Authors: Ebner Brendan C , Morgan David L , Kerezsy Adam , Hardie Scott , Beatty Stephen J , Seymour Jamie E , Donaldson James A , Linke Simon , Peverell Stirling , Roberts David , Espinoza Thomas , Marshall Nadine , Kroon Frederieke J , Burrows Damien W , McAllister Ryan R J 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFlagship species, especially mammals and birds, are commonly used to increase awareness of conservation issues in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, flagship species oriented programs are often ad hoc with initiatives scarce in the freshwater context. Here, we aim to identify potential flagship candidates that would appeal to a broad cross section of society at a continental scale where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from human impacts. We identified 19 species from a list of 299 Australian freshwater fishes on the basis of body size, trophic guild and threatened species status assuming these characteristics of flagship species are transferable from previous work on terrestrial flagship species. We considered the potential of species to be of international appeal but focused mostly on eight relevant interest groups within Australia. This followed the rationale that public engagement with conservation issues in freshwater systems might be more effective if the link between fish species and the decisions people make were better understood, and we acknowledge the diverging interests of stakeholders. This scoping work contributes towards addressing the challenges of connecting societies to the principles of sharing water resources with ecosystems, and represents the first continental‐scale assessment of its kind.
Grazing behaviour, intake and performance of dairy ewes with restricted access time to berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) pasture
Authors: Molle G. , Decandia M. , Giovanetti V. , Manca C. , Acciaro M. , Epifani G. , Salis L. , Cabiddu A. , Sitzia M. , Cannas A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effects of restricted access time to pasture (2, 4 or 6 h d−1; 2H, 4H or 6H) on ingestive behaviour and performance were assessed on four occasions per target grazing day (D1, initial day; D4, intermediate day; and D7, final day) in dairy ewes rotationally grazing berseem clover with a 7‐day grazing period and a 21‐day recovery period. A randomized block design with two replicates per treatment was used. All ewes were supplemented daily with 700 g per head of concentrates and 700 g per head of ryegrass‐based hay. Pasture subplot and animal group data were analysed by a factorial model including access time (AT), grazing day (D) and their interaction as fixed factors. Sward height decreased from D1 (P < 0·001) and green leaf mass from D4 (P < 0·001) onwards during the grazing period. Grazing time as a proportion of AT was higher in 2H than in 4H and 6H ewes on D1 and D4 but not on D7 (P < 0·05 for AT × D). Herbage intake rate was higher in 2H than in 4H and 6H ewes (P < 0·001). Herbage and total intakes were higher in 4H and 6H than in 2H ewes (P < 0·001), with herbage intake varying non‐linearly during the grazing period (P < 0·05). Milk yield was higher in 4H and 6H than in 2H ewes (P < 0·01). To conclude, despite the evidence of compensatory behaviour, restricting access time to 2 h d−1 constrained intake and performance of dairy ewes rotationally grazing berseem clover.
Deconstructing Institutionalisation of the European Standards for Quality Assurance: From Instrument Mixes to Quality Cultures and Implications for International Research
Authors: Kohoutek Jan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper enquires into the implementation of the European Standards and Guidelines for Internal Quality Assurance of Higher Education Institutions (ESG 1). The enquiry uses data from universities in the Czech Republic and compares them against those obtained in the relevant pan‐European survey. The aims are to empirically deconstruct ESG 1 translation through instrument mixes, to identify the corresponding implementation styles and to explore the implications of such styles for institutional quality cultures. In these respects, the enquiry yielded three corresponding findings. First, the ESG 1 instrument mixes are complex and entail the application of up to four major types of tools, cutting across the substantive and procedural categories over time. Second, two typical ESG 1 implementation styles were identified: managerial and academic. Third, the managerial style was found to bear on regenerative culture while the academic style bore on reproductive culture. Furthermore, utilisation of hybrid quality cultures (regenerative–reproductive, reproductive–regenerative) was found, depending on internal institutional configurations. It is through verification of these findings in other policy settings that international research on higher education quality assurance may gainfully proceed.
A pilot assessment tool of the need for oral health care and cost prediction in institutionalized elderly people
Authors: Miremadi SR , Cosyn J , Janssens B , De Bruyn H , Vanobbergen J , De Visschere L 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the dental treatment backlog and associated costs among institutionalized elderly people using a novel composite index, called the oral health index.BackgroundDespite numerous reports about oral health of old individuals, there is still lack of a systematic and practical method to estimate their treatment need covering all relevant aspects of oral health. In addition, little has been published on associated treatment costs and prediction of such costs.Materials and MethodsAn observational study was performed on 143 dentate institutionalized elderly people, whereby several clinical parameters were registered. The collected data were included in the oral health index representing the need for oral health care. This covered the number of caries lesions, number of residual roots, periodontal health condition, plaque score and denture condition with a final score of 0–9. To investigate the validity of the index, the treatment costs were estimated using the measured clinical parameters and later compared with the actual expenditure of the patients for the following 2 years.ResultsThe average score of the index was 4.6 (SD 1.4) with 65.1% of the individuals having a score between 3 and 6 and 27.3% having a score of 6 and more, exhibiting medium and high need for oral health care, respectively. Only 30% of the patients underwent all the indicated treatments. The major reason of non‐completion of the treatment was patient's refusal. From the fully treated group, 61.5% of the subjects actually spent within the predicted range while 38.5% of them spent more than estimated. The underestimation was related to yearly calculus removals leading to repeated calculation of the same costs and newly emerging dental problems (33% developed new caries and 20% was confronted with tooth fracture within the 2‐year period).ConclusionThe novel index can be helpful to determine oral treatment needs and associated costs. Further research is needed to extend the clinical applicability of the index.