bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretácia ako konštituent človeka, komunikácie a porozumenia / Interpretation as a Constituent of Human, Communication and Understanding
Authors: Dolník Juraj 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper is intended to be an introduction to the elucidation of the mutual understanding on the basis of the concept interpretation. The author raises the question about how is it possible to understand each other in spite of the fact that the mental world is immediately inaccessible. He argues that the possibility of the mutual understanding is an anthropological constant: the human being is set for understanding as a result of the evolutional mature of his interpretational ability. The major part of the text is an attempt at explanation of the role of interpretation in the process of shaping of the subject. It is argued that the germ of the subjectivity is the instinct for self-preservation which determines the fundamental relation of the human to the world: the world is seen through the lens of egocentrism. Showing that the possibility of the mutual understanding of egocentric subjects is a deceptive paradox helps us comprehend the anthropological foundation of this phenomenon. The final part of the text outlines the problem of the mutual understanding in the real interactional conditions and focuses the attention on three fundamental factors: ego, language, egoism
Osvojovanie slovesnej lexiky v ranej ontogenéze reči / Werbs Acquisition in Early Childhood
Authors: Slančová Daniela 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe main aim of the study is to introduce a new method which has not been applied in the Slovak study of child language so far, and to answer 4 main research questions: (1) What is the development of understanding and production of verbs in early lexical development of Slovak-speaking children? (2) Are there any differences in verbs understanding and production between Slovak-speaking girls and boys? (3) What is the linguistic picture of the world given by incipient verbal lexicon of Slovak-speaking children? (4) Is there any difference between the linguistic picture of the world of Slovak-speaking girls and boys? The method is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the lexical part of the Slovak version of CDI 1 Test of communicative abilities TEKOS 1: Words and gestures with 44 verbs in the part “actions and states”. Parents were asked to fill in the checklist and choose from three options: i) child understands and speaks, ii) understands, iii) does not understand The research sample consists of 323 girls and 330 boys in their age from 8 to 16 months. The results show the unanimous developmental trajectory in verbs acquisition in both, girls and boys. The differences shown in production in favor of girls in last two months are not statistically significant. The linguistic picture of the world is cognitively and semantically gender-universal, concentrated on corporeal concepts connected with social concept. The prototypical verbs in first 16 months of the age of the children are jesť (to eat) and dať (to give)
Nilotinib Effects in Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Pagan Fernando , Hebron Michaeline , Valadez Ellen H. , Torres-Yaghi Yasar , Huang Xu , Mills Reversa R. , Wilmarth Barbara M. , Howard Hellen , Dunn Connell , Carlson Alexis , Lawler Abigail , Rogers Sean L. , Falconer Ramsey A. , Ahn Jaeil , Li Zhaoxia , Moussa Charbel 
Published: July 2016

Background: We evaluated the effects of low doses of the tyrosine kinase Abelson (Abl) inhibitor Nilotinib, on safety and pharmacokinetics in Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies. Objectives: The primary outcomes of this study were safety and tolerability; pharmacokinetics and target engagement were secondary, while clinical outcomes were exploratory. Methods: Twelve subjects were randomized into 150 mg ( n = 5) or 300 mg ( n = 7) groups and received Nilotinib orally every day for 24 weeks. Results: This study shows that 150 mg and 300 mg doses of Nilotinib appear to be safe and tolerated in subjects with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Nilotinib is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and seems to engage the target Abl. Motor and cognitive outcomes suggest a possible beneficial effect on clinical outcomes. The CSF levels of homovanillic acid are significantly increased between baseline and 24 weeks of treatment. Exploratory CSF biomarkers were measured. Conclusions: This small proof-of-concept study lacks a placebo group and participants were not homogenous, resulting in baseline differences between and within groups. This limits the interpretations of the biomarker and clinical data, and any conclusions should be drawn cautiously. Nonetheless, the collective observations suggest that it is warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Nilotinib in larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS OF HOT DUST STARS AND THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Marshall J. P. , Cotton D. V. , Bott K. , Ertel S. , Kennedy G. M. , Wyatt M. C. , Burgo C. del , Absil O. , Bailey J. , Kedziora-Chudczer L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Debris discs are typically revealed through the presence of excess emission at infrared wavelengths. Most discs exhibit excess at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths, analogous to the solar system’s Asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts. Recently, stars with strong (∼1%) excess at near-infrared wavelengths were identified through interferometric measurements. Using the HIgh Precision Polarimetric Instrument, we examined a sub-sample of these hot dust stars (and appropriate controls) at parts-per-million sensitivity in SDSS g′ (green) and r′ (red) filters for evidence of scattered light. No detection of strongly polarized emission from the hot dust stars is seen. We, therefore, rule out scattered light from a normal debris disk as the origin of this emission. A wavelength-dependent contribution from multiple dust components for hot dust stars is inferred from the dispersion (the difference in polarization angle in red and green) of southern stars. Contributions of 17 ppm (green) and 30 ppm (red) are calculated, with strict 3-σ upper limits of 76 and 68 ppm, respectively. This suggests weak hot dust excesses consistent with thermal emission, although we cannot rule out contrived scenarios, e.g., dust in a spherical shell or face-on discs. We also report on the nature of the local interstellar medium (ISM), obtained as a byproduct of the control measurements. Highlights include the first measurements of the polarimetric color of the local ISM and the discovery of a southern sky region with a polarization per distance thrice the previous maximum. The data suggest that λ
max, the wavelength of maximum polarization, is bluer than typical.
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH HIGH ACCRETION RATES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. V. A NEW SIZE–LUMINOSITY SCALING RELATION FOR THE BROAD-LINE REGION
Authors: Du Pu , Lu Kai-Xing , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Huang Ying-Ke , Wang Kai , Hu Chen , Qiu Jie , Li Yan-Rong , Fan Xu-Liang , Fang Xiang-Er , Bai Jin-Ming , Bian Wei-Hao , Yuan Ye-Fei , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jian-Min ,   (SEAMBH collaboration)
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper reports results of the third-year campaign of monitoring super-Eddington accreting massive black holes (SEAMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) between 2014 and 2015. Ten new targets were selected from the quasar sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which have generally been more luminous than the SEAMBH candidates in the last two years. Hβ lags (

) in five of the 10 quasars have been successfully measured in this monitoring season. We find that the lags are generally shorter, by large factors, than those of objects with same optical luminosity, in light of the well-known R
H

β–L
5100 relation. The five quasars have dimensionless accretion rates of

–103. Combining these with measurements of the previous SEAMBHs, we find that the reduction of Hβ lags depends tightly on accretion rates,

, where

is the Hβ lag from the normal R
H

β–L
5100 relation. Fitting 63 mapped AGNs, we present a new scaling relation for the broad-line region:

, where

is the 5100 Å continuum luminosity, and the coefficients are

lt-day,

,

, and

. This relation is applicable to AGNs over a wide range of accretion rates, from 10−3 to 103. Implications of this new relation are briefly discussed.
HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS GIANTS WITH LONG-TERM RADIAL VELOCITY TRENDS
Authors: Ryu Tsuguru , Sato Bun’ei , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Narita Norio , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Uyama Taichi , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Hashimoto Jun , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Abe Lyu , Ando Hiroyasu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Carson Joseph C. , Currie Thayne , Egner Sebastian , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Hełminiak Krzysztof G. , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ida Shigeru , Ishii Miki , Itoh Yoichi , Iye Masanori , Izumiura Hideyuki , Janson Markus , Kambe Eiji , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kokubo Eiichiro , Kwon Jungmi , Matsuo Taro , Mayama Satoshi , McElwain Michael W. , Mede Kyle , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takami Michihiro , Takato Naruhisa , Takeda Yoichi , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Wisniewski John , Yamada Toru , Yoshida Michitoshi , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
A radial velocity (RV) survey for intermediate-mass giants has been in operation for over a decade at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO). The OAO survey has revealed that some giants show long-term linear RV accelerations (RV trends), indicating the presence of outer companions. Direct-imaging observations can help clarify what objects generate these RV trends. We present the results of high-contrast imaging observations of six intermediate-mass giants with long-term RV trends using the Subaru Telescope and HiCIAO camera. We detected co-moving companions to γ Hya B (

), HD 5608 B (

), and HD 109272 B (

). For the remaining targets (ι Dra, 18 Del, and HD 14067), we exclude companions more massive than 30–60 M
Jup at projected separations of 1″–7″. We examine whether these directly imaged companions or unidentified long-period companions can account for the RV trends observed around the six giants. We find that the Kozai mechanism can explain the high eccentricity of the inner planets ι Dra b, HD 5608 b, and HD 14067 b.
MINIMAL PROSPECTS FOR RADIO DETECTION OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF JUPITER
Authors: Bray J. D. , Nelles A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
One possible approach for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos is to search for radio emission from extensive air showers created when they interact in the atmosphere of Jupiter, effectively utilizing Jupiter as a particle detector. We investigate the potential of this approach. For searches with current or planned radio telescopes we find that the effective area for detection of cosmic rays is substantial (∼3 × 107 km2), but the acceptance angle is so small that the typical geometric aperture (∼103 km2 sr) is less than that of existing terrestrial detectors, and cosmic rays also cannot be detected below an extremely high threshold energy (∼1023 eV). The geometric aperture for neutrinos is slightly larger, and greater sensitivity can be achieved with a radio detector on a Jupiter-orbiting satellite, but in neither case is this sufficient to constitute a practical detection technique. Exploitation of the large surface area of Jupiter for detecting ultra-high-energy particles remains a long-term prospect that will require a different technique, such as orbital fluorescence detection.
NuSTAR HARD X-RAY SURVEY OF THE GALACTIC CENTER REGION. II. X-RAY POINT SOURCES
Authors: Hong JaeSub , Mori Kaya , Hailey Charles J. , Nynka Melania , Zhang Shuo , Gotthelf Eric , Fornasini Francesca M. , Krivonos Roman , Bauer Franz , Perez Kerstin , Tomsick John A. , Bodaghee Arash , Chiu Jeng-Lun , Clavel Maïca , Stern Daniel , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Alexander David M. , Aramaki Tsuguo , Baganoff Frederick K. , Barret Didier , Barrière Nicolas , Boggs Steven E. , Canipe Alicia M. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Desai Meera A. , Forster Karl , Giommi Paolo , Grefenstette Brian W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Hong Dooran , Hornstrup Allan , Kitaguchi Takao , Koglin Jason E. , Madsen Kristen K. , Mao Peter H. , Miyasaka Hiromasa , Perri Matteo , Pivovaroff Michael J. , Puccetti Simonetta , Rana Vikram , Westergaard Niels J. , Zhang William W. , Zoglauer Andreas 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first survey results of hard X-ray point sources in the Galactic Center (GC) region by NuSTAR. We have discovered 70 hard (3–79 keV) X-ray point sources in a 0.6 deg

region around Sgr A* with a total exposure of 1.7 Ms, and 7 sources in the Sgr B2 field with 300 ks. We identify clear Chandra counterparts for 58 NuSTAR sources and assign candidate counterparts for the remaining 19. The NuSTAR survey reaches X-ray luminosities of ∼4× and ∼8 × 10

erg s

at the GC (8 kpc) in the 3–10 and 10–40 keV bands, respectively. The source list includes three persistent luminous X-ray binaries (XBs) and the likely run-away pulsar called the Cannonball. New source-detection significance maps reveal a cluster of hard (>10 keV) X-ray sources near the Sgr A diffuse complex with no clear soft X-ray counterparts. The severe extinction observed in the Chandra spectra indicates that all the NuSTAR sources are in the central bulge or are of extragalactic origin. Spectral analysis of relatively bright NuSTAR sources suggests that magnetic cataclysmic variables constitute a large fraction (>40%–60%). Both spectral analysis and logN–logS distributions of the NuSTAR sources indicate that the X-ray spectra of the NuSTAR sources should have kT > 20 keV on average for a single temperature thermal plasma model or an average photon index of Γ = 1.5–2 for a power-law model. These findings suggest that the GC X-ray source population may contain a larger fraction of XBs with high plasma temperatures than the field population.
THE CHROMOSPHERIC SOLAR LIMB BRIGHTENING AT RADIO, MILLIMETER, SUB-MILLIMETER, AND INFRARED WAVELENGTHS
Authors: De la Luz V. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of the emission at radio, millimeter, sub-millimeter, and infrared wavelengths in the center of the solar disk validate the autoconsistence of semi-empirical models of the chromosphere. Theoretically, these models must reproduce the emission at the solar limb. In this work, we tested both the VALC and C7 semi-empirical models by computing their emission spectrum in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 10 THz at solar limb altitudes. We calculate the Sun's theoretical radii as well as their limb brightening. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium was computed for hydrogen, electron density, and H−. In order to solve the radiative transfer equation, a three-dimensional (3D) geometry was employed to determine the ray paths, and Bremsstrahlung, H−, and inverse Bremsstrahlung opacity sources were integrated in the optical depth. We compared the computed solar radii with high-resolution observations at the limb obtained by Clark. We found that there are differences between the observed and computed solar radii of 12,000 km at 20 GHz, 5000 km at 100 GHz, and 1000 km at 3 THz for both semi-empirical models. A difference of 8000 km in the solar radii was found when comparing our results against the heights obtained from Hα observations of spicules-off at the solar limb. We conclude that the solar radii cannot be reproduced by VALC and C7 semi-empirical models at radio—infrared wavelengths. Therefore, the structures in the high chromosphere provide a better measurement of the solar radii and their limb brightening as shown in previous investigations.
THE X-RAY PROPERTIES OF MILLION SOLAR MASS BLACK HOLES
Authors: Plotkin Richard. M. , Gallo Elena , Haardt Francesco , Miller Brendan P. , Wood Callum J. L. , Reines Amy E. , Wu Jianfeng , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present new Chandra X-ray observations of seven low-mass black holes (

) accreting at low-bolometric Eddington ratios between

. We compare the X-ray properties of these seven low-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to a total of 73 other low-mass AGNs in the literature with published Chandra observations (with Eddington ratios extending from

). We do not find any statistical differences between the low and high Eddington ratio low-mass AGNs in the distributions of their X-ray to ultraviolet luminosity ratios (

), or in their X-ray spectral shapes. Furthermore, the

distribution of low-

AGNs displays an X-ray weak tail that is also observed within high-

objects. Our results indicate that between

, there is no systematic change in the structure of the accretion flow for active galaxies hosting

black holes. We examine the accuracy of current bolometric luminosity estimates for our low-

objects with new Chandra observations, and it is plausible that their Eddington ratios could be underestimated by up to an order of magnitude. If so, then in analogy with weak emission line quasars, we suggest that accretion from a geometrically thick, radiatively inefficient “slim disk” could explain their diverse properties in

. Alternatively, if current Eddington ratios are correct (or overestimated), then the X-ray weak tail would imply that there is diversity in disk/corona couplings among individual low-mass objects. Finally, we conclude by noting that the

distribution for low-mass black holes may have favorable consequences for the epoch of cosmic reionization being driven by AGN.
VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA OF NITRILE ICES FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION ON PLUTO
Authors: Sivaraman B. , Pavithraa S. , Lo J.-I. , Sekhar B. N. Raja , Hill H. , Cheng B.-M. , Mason N. J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Icy bodies, such as Pluto, are known to harbor simple and complex molecules. The recent New Horizons flyby of Pluto has revealed a complex surface composed of bright and dark ice surfaces, indicating a rich chemistry based on nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). Nitrile (CN) containing molecules such as acetonitrile (CH3CN), propionitrile (CH3CH2CN), butyronitrile (CH3CH2CH2CN), and isobutyronitrile ((CH3)2CHCN) are some of the nitrile molecules that are known to be synthesized by radiative processing of such simple ices. Through the provision of a spectral atlas for such compounds we propose that such nitriles may be identified from the ALICE payload on board New Horizons.
Uncovering the stem cell hierarchy by genetic lineage tracing in the mammary gland
Authors: Osório Liliana , Long Fei , Zhou Zhongjun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mammary gland is the distinct feature that gives the name to the class of mammals and distinguishes them from other animals. Functionally, the mammary gland is a secretory organ which main role is to produce milk to nourish the offspring. Organogenesis of the mammary gland starts during embryogenesis but occurs mainly after birth at puberty under the influence of hormonal cues. Throughout the adult life as well as during pregnancy, the mammary gland shows a remarkable regenerative ability, thus constituting an excellent model for studying stem cell biology. Although the mammary gland consists of a relatively simple epithelial structure with a luminal and a basal cell layers, these are indeed composed by distinct subsets of mammary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry and transplantation assay have identified several subpopulations of stem and/or progenitor cells in the mammary gland. Yet, physiological and developmental relevant information can only be obtained when investigating the stem cell hierarchy in the intact mammary gland. Genetic lineage tracing studies have offered unprecedented levels of information regarding the organization of the stem cell compartment and possible role of resident stem and/or progenitor cells at different stages of the mammary gland organogenesis. These studies, although creating a passionate debate, highlight the existence of heterogeneous stem cell compartment, where bipotent as well as unipotent mammary stem cells seems to co-exist. Genetic lineage tracing experiments provide relevant information on stem cells that are key for understanding both normal development as well as associated pathologies in human. It holds the promise of providing new insights into the cell-of-origin and heterogeneity of breast tumorigenesis.
Faut-il devenir mystique pour pouvoir rester chrétien ? L’exemple d’Ernst Troeltsch et d’Albert Schweitzer
Authors: Lehmkühler Karsten 
Published: July 2016

Face à l’historicisme du xixe siècle, Ernst Troeltsch et Albert Schweitzer proposent chacun une interprétation mystique de la religion et de la foi chrétienne, leur permettant de rester chrétiens tout en abandonnant l’ancienne idée d’une histoire de salut. Troeltsch, refusant le neo-friesianisme de son ami Wilhelm Bousset comme aussi toute réduction de la foi chrétienne à sa dimension morale, interprète l’expérience religieuse comme une rencontre réelle avec Dieu, composée d’un élément empirique et contingent et d’un élément rationnel sous forme d’un apriori religieux. Albert Schweitzer présente l’apôtre Paul comme un mystique et avance l’idée d’une « mystique christocentrique » qui, pour l’homme moderne, se basera sur la « résonnance » de la volonté de Jésus dans celle des chrétiens.
Mucosal Langerhans Cells Promote Differentiation of Th17 Cells in a Murine Model of Periodontitis but Are Not Required for Porphyromonas gingivalis–Driven Alveolar Bone Destruction
Authors: Bittner-Eddy Peter D. , Fischer Lori A. , Kaplan Daniel H. , Thieu Kathleen , Costalonga Massimo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease affecting one in five individuals that can lead to tooth loss. CD4+ Th cells activated by a microbial biofilm are thought to contribute to the destruction of alveolar bone surrounding teeth by influencing osteoclastogenesis through IL-17A and receptor activator for NF-κB ligand effects. The relative roles of mucosal Ag presentation cells in directing Th cell immune responses against oral pathogens and their contribution to destruction of alveolar bone remain unknown. We tested the contribution of mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) to alveolar bone homeostasis in mice following oral colonization with a well-characterized human periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that oral mucosal LCs did not protect from or exacerbate crestal alveolar bone destruction but were responsible for promoting differentiation of Th17 cells specific to P. gingivalis. In mice lacking LCs the Th17 response was suppressed and a Th1 response predominated. Bypassing LCs with systemic immunization of P. gingivalis resulted in a predominantly P. gingivalis–specific Th1 response regardless of whether LCs were present. Interestingly, we find that in vivo clonal expansion of P. gingivalis–specific Th cells and induced regulatory T cells does not depend on mucosal LCs. Furthermore, destruction of crestal alveolar bone induced by P. gingivalis colonization occurred regardless of the presence of mucosal LCs or P. gingivalis–specific Th17 cells. Our data indicate that both LCs and Th17 cells are redundant in contributing to alveolar bone destruction in a murine model of periodontitis.