bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylserine externalization and procoagulant activation of erythrocytes induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin
Authors: Qadri Syed M. , Donkor David A. , Bhakta Varsha , Eltringham‐Smith Louise J. , Dwivedi Dhruva J. , Moore Jane C. , Pepler Laura , Ivetic Nikola , Nazi Ishac , Fox‐Robichaud Alison E. , Liaw Patricia C. , Sheffield William P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide range of infections in multiple hosts by releasing an arsenal of virulence factors such as pyocyanin. Despite numerous reports on the pleiotropic cellular targets of pyocyanin toxicity in vivo, its impact on erythrocytes remains elusive. Erythrocytes undergo an apoptosis‐like cell death called eryptosis which is characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization; this process confers a procoagulant phenotype on erythrocytes as well as fosters their phagocytosis and subsequent clearance from the circulation. Herein, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa pyocyanin‐elicited PS exposure and cell shrinkage in erythrocyte while preserving the membrane integrity. Mechanistically, exposure of erythrocytes to pyocyanin showed increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity as well as Ca2+‐dependent proteolytic processing of μ‐calpain. Pyocyanin further up‐regulated erythrocyte ceramide abundance and triggered the production of reactive oxygen species. Pyocyanin‐induced increased PS externalization in erythrocytes translated into enhanced prothrombin activation and fibrin generation in plasma. As judged by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl‐ester labelling, pyocyanin‐treated erythrocytes were cleared faster from the murine circulation as compared to untreated erythrocytes. Furthermore, erythrocytes incubated in plasma from patients with P. aeruginosa sepsis showed increased PS exposure as compared to erythrocytes incubated in plasma from healthy donors. In conclusion, the present study discloses the eryptosis‐inducing effect of the virulence factor pyocyanin, thereby shedding light on a potentially important mechanism in the systemic complications of P. aeruginosa infection.
Early diversification of sperm size in the evolutionary history of the old world leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae)
Authors: Supriya K. , Rowe M. , Laskemoen T. , Mohan D. , Price T. D. , Lifjeld J. T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSperm morphological traits are highly variable among species and are commonly thought to evolve by post‐copulatory sexual selection. However, little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of sperm morphology, and whether rates of evolutionary change are variable over time and among taxonomic groups. Here, we examine sperm morphology from 21 species of Old World leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae), a group of generally dull, sexually monochromatic birds, which are known to have high levels of extra‐pair paternity. We found that sperm length differs markedly across species, spanning about 40% of the range observed across a larger selection of passerine birds. Furthermore, we found strong support for an ‘early‐burst’ model of trait evolution, implying that the majority of divergence in sperm length has occurred early in the evolutionary history of this clade with subsequent evolutionary stasis. This large early divergence matches the early divergence reported in ecological traits (i.e. body size and feeding behaviour). Our findings demonstrate that rates of evolution in sperm morphology can change over time in passerine taxa, and that evolutionary stasis in sperm traits can occur even in species exhibiting characteristics consistent with moderate‐to‐high levels of sperm competition. It remains a major challenge to identify the selection mechanisms and possible constraints responsible for these variable rates of sperm evolution.
Establishing a New SpeciesEncephalitozoon pogonaefor the Microsporidian Parasite of Inland Bearded DragonPogona vitticepsAhl 1927 (Reptilia, Squamata, Agamidae)
Authors: Sokolova Yuliya Y. , Sakaguchi Kanako , Paulsen Daniel B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe microsporidium parasitizing Inland Bearded DragonsPogona vitticeps, and developing primarily in macrophages within foci of granulomatous inflammation of different organs, is described as a new speciesEncephalitozoon pogonae. Establishing the new species was based on sequencing theITS‐SSUrDNAregion of the ribosomal gene and consequentSSUrDNA‐inferred phylogenetic analyses, as well as on comparison of pathogenesis, host specificity, and ultrastructure amongEncephalitozoonspecies and isolates. The new species is closely related toE. lacertaeandE. cuniculi. Analysis of the literature suggests that this microsporidium has been reported previously as an unidentified microsporidian species or isolate ofE. cuniculiand may represent a common infection in bearded dragons. All stages ofE. pogonaedevelop in parasitophorous vacuoles. Uninucleate spores on methanol‐fixed smears measured 2.1 × 1.1 μm, range 1.7–2.6 × 0.9–1.7 μm; on ultrathin sections spores measured 0.8–1.1 × 1.8–2.2 μm. Ultrastructural study revealed 3–6 polar filament coils, a mushroom‐shaped polar disk, and a polar sac embracing half of the volume occupied by the lamellar polaroplast. In activated spores, polar filament everted eccentrically. The overall morphology and intracellular development ofE. pogonaewere similar to otherEncepahalitozoonspp. We also review the existing data on microsporidia infecting reptiles.
Evaluation of an Automated Falls Detection Device in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis A. , Tchalla Achille E. , Iloputaife Ikechukwu , Gagnon Margaret , Dole Kiran , Su Zhen Zhong , Klickstein Lloyd 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the concordance between falls recorded using an investigational fall detection device and falls reported by nursing staff in a nursing home.DesignSix‐month prospective study.SettingHebrew SeniorLife nursing home units in Boston, Massachusetts.ParticipantsNursing home residents with a documented history of at least one fall within 12 months before consent (N = 62, mean age 86.2 ± 8.1, 66% female).InterventionSubjects continuously wore an automated falls detection device on a pendant around their neck. The device contained triaxial accelerometers set to detect a rapid change in position that was interpreted as a fall.MeasurementsHealthcare staff reported daily falls, defined as unexpected events in which residents were found on the floor, and the number of these falls was compared with the number of falls recorded according to the device.ResultsSeven of 37 residents whom nursing staff found on the floor had a fall recorded according to the device (19%). The device did not identify any of the clinical fall events in 23 of the 37 fallers (62%). The device detected 17 of 89 total falls that nursing staff recorded (sensitivity 19%) within an 8‐hour time window. Of 128 fall events that the device recorded, 17 were concordant with nursing reports (13%) within an 8‐hour time window, and 111 (87%) were false positives.ConclusionThere is poor concordance between falls recorded using the investigational fall detection device and falls to the floor that nursing home staff report.
Breathlessness in Elderly Adults During the Last Year of Life Sufficient to Restrict Activity: Prevalence, Pattern, and Associated Factors
Authors: Johnson Miriam J. , Bland J. Martin , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Ekström Magnus , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Gill Thomas M. , Currow David C. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate relationships between age, clinical characteristics, and breathlessness sufficient to have people spend at least half a day a month in bed or to cut down on their usual activities (restricting breathlessness) during the last year of life.DesignSecondary data analysis.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsNondisabled persons aged 70 and older (N = 754).MeasurementsMonthly telephone interviews were conducted to determine the occurrence of restricting breathlessness. The primary outcome was percentage of months with restricting breathlessness reported during the last year of life.ResultsData regarding breathlessness were available for 548 of 589 (93.0%) participants who died (mean age 86.7, range 71–106; 38.8% male) between enrollment (March 1998 to October 1999) and June 2013; 311 of these (56.8%) reported restricting breathlessness at some point during the last year of life, but none reported it every month. Frequency increased in the months closer to death, irrespective of cause. Restricting breathlessness was associated with anxiety (0.25 percentage points greater in months with breathlessness per percentage point months reported anxiety, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16–0.34, P < .001), depression (0.14, 95% CI = 0.05–0.24, P = .003), and mobility problems (0.07, 0.03–0.1, P < .001). Percentage months of restricting breathlessness was greater if chronic lung disease was noted at the most‐recent comprehensive assessment (6.62 percentage points, 95% CI = 4.31–8.94, P < .001), heart failure (3.34 percentage points, 95% CI = 0.71–5.97, P = .01), and ex‐smoker status (3.01 percentage points, 95% CI = 0.94–5.07, P = .004) but decreased with older age (−0.19 percentage points, 95% CI = −0.37 to −0.02, P = .03).ConclusionRestricting breathlessness increased in this elderly population in the months preceding death from any cause. Breathlessness should be assessed and managed in the context of poor prognosis.
High Level of Depressive Symptoms at Repeated Study Visits and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke over 10 Years in Older Adults: The Three‐City Study
Authors: Péquignot Renaud , Dufouil Carole , Prugger Christof , Pérès Karine , Artero Sylvaine , Tzourio Christophe , Empana Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2016

BackroundBaseline depressive symptoms have been consistently associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD).ObjectivesSince depressive symptoms vary over time in elderly persons, and to help clarify whether or not depression is an etiological factor for CVD, we quantified the association between the course of depressive symptoms and occurrence of first coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke events in older adults.DesignA population‐based prospective observational study.SettingParticipants were randomly selected from the electoral rolls of three large French cities.ParticipantsA total of 9,294 participants were examined at baseline between 1999 and 2001, and thereafter at repeated study visits over 10 years.MeasurementsHigh levels of depressive symptoms (HLDS) were defined as a score ≥16 on the 20‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The number of study visits with HLDS was used as a time dependent variable in Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThere were 7,313 participants (36.6% males) aged 73.8 ± 5.4 years with no history of CHD, stroke or dementia at baseline. After a median follow‐up of 8.4 years (SD 2.3 years), 629 first CHD or stroke events occurred. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and vascular risk factors, the risk of CHD and stroke combined increased 1.15‐fold (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.25) per each additional study visit with HLDS. The results remained unchanged when accounting for the presence of disability and antidepressant intake at baseline and during follow‐up.ConclusionElderly persons exposed to HLDS at several occasions over 10 years showed substantial increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke events.
Longitudinal Pressure Ulcer Rates After Adoption of Culture Change in Veterans Health Administration Nursing Homes
Authors: Hartmann Christine W. , Shwartz Michael , Zhao Shibei , Palmer Jennifer A. , Berlowitz Dan R. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo examine facility‐level pressure ulcer (PrU) development rates and variations in these rates after a system‐wide adoption of culture change in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) nursing homes.DesignFour‐year retrospective longitudinal design.SettingVHA facilities (N = 109) representing 132 nursing homes known as community living centers (CLCs).ParticipantsVHA nursing home residents.MeasurementsPrUs were identified using fiscal year (FY) 2008–11 Minimum Data Set (MDS) data. PrU development was defined as a Stage 2 or larger PrU on an MDS assessment with no PrU on the previous assessment. A risk adjustment model was developed using 105,274 MDS observations to predict the likelihood of PrUs (c‐statistic = 0.72). A Bayesian hierarchical model that adjusted for differences in the precision of PrU rates from different‐size facilities was used to calculate smoothed risk‐adjusted (SRA) rates for each facility. The statistical significance of the trend over the 4 years was determined by examining the 95% interval estimate for the slope.ResultsOver the 4‐year period, the beginning of which coincided with the VHA's system‐wide adoption of culture change as a performance measure, median SRA facility PrU development rates were fairly consistent at approximately 4%. The range in SRA rates declined over the years, from a 14.8‐percentage point spread to 10.1‐percentage point spread. Some facilities had significantly improving SRA rates (e.g., declined steadily from 5.5% to 3.9%) and some had significantly worsening SRA rates (e.g., increased steadily from 5.1% to 7.9%). Seven sites had significantly improving rates (P < .001) that were below the median across all 4 years.ConclusionA system‐wide culture change implementation did not affect CLC PrU development rates, but there was significant variation in facility rates, and some facilities had sustained high performance.
Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Dementia After Hip Fracture
Authors: Seitz Dallas P. , Gill Sudeep S. , Austin Peter C. , Bell Chaim M. , Anderson Geoffrey M. , Gruneir Andrea , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of postoperative rehabilitation on the outcomes of older adults with dementia who experienced hip fracture.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults with dementia who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2003 and 2011. Participants were categorized as no rehabilitation, complex continuing care (CCC), home‐care based rehabilitation (HCR), and inpatient rehabilitation (IPR).MeasurementsTime to long‐term care (LTC) placement, mortality, and risk of repeat hip fracture and falls.ResultsOf 11,200 individuals with dementia who experienced a hip fracture during the study period, 4,494 (40.1%) received no rehabilitation, 2,474 (22.1%) were admitted to CCC, 1,157 (10.3%) received HCR, and 3,075 (27.4%) received IPR. HCR and IPR were associated with less risk of LTC admission after discharge from hospital than no rehabilitation. All three forms of rehabilitation were associated with lower risk of mortality than no rehabilitation, with the greatest effect observed with IPR. HCR was associated with a higher risk of falls than no rehabilitation (P = .03); there were no other significant between‐group differences in risk of falls or repeat fractures (P > .05).ConclusionPostfracture rehabilitation for older adults with dementia is associated with lower risk of LTC placement and mortality. Improving access to rehabilitation services for this vulnerable population may improve postfracture outcomes.
Leveraging the Experiences of Informal Caregivers to Create Future Healthcare Workforce Options
Authors: Phillips Sara S. , Ragas Daiva M. , Hajjar Nadia , Tom Laura S. , Dong XinQi , Simon Melissa A. 
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was gather pilot data from informal caregivers regarding the potential for a training program to assist current or past caregivers in reentering the job market, and thus offering a pathway to economic resilience. In an effort that could foster a sustainable and competent caregiving market to help meet the needs of an aging America, whether training informal caregivers might help them transition into a paid caregiving or other health service role was explored. Caregivers (N = 55) of a chronically or terminally ill family member or friend in a suburban county near Chicago were interviewed. The interview guide addressed household economic effect of illness, emotional burden, and training program interest. Fifty‐six percent of caregivers were interested in training to work outside the home, caring for people in other households, 84% indicated a desire to learn more about health care, and 68% reported a desire to explore job possibilities in health care. Eighty‐two percent were experienced in working with an individual aged 50 and older. Informal caregivers' interest in a training program to bolster their qualifications for a role in the healthcare workforce, including the option of a formal caregiver position, supports the demand for such a program. Considering the need for healthcare workers to serve the growing elderly population and the desire of informal caregivers to find gainful employment, these informal caregivers could provide the impetus to invest in informal caregiver training.
Revisiting the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Registry and Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER‐MHOS) Linked Data Resource for Patient‐Reported Outcomes Research in Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Kent Erin E. , Malinoff Rochelle , Rozjabek Heather M. , Ambs Anita , Clauser Steven B. , Topor Marie A. , Yuan Gigi , Burroughs James , Rodgers Anne B. , DeMichele Kimberly 
Published: January 2016

Researchers and clinicians are increasingly recognizing the value of patient‐reported outcome (PRO) data to better characterize people's health and experiences with illness and care. Considering the rising prevalence of cancer in adults aged 65 and older, PRO data are particularly relevant for older adults with cancer, who often require complex cancer care and have additional comorbid conditions. A data linkage between the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry and the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) was created through a partnership between the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that created the opportunity to examine PROs in Medicare Advantage enrollees with and without cancer. The December 2013 linkage of SEER‐MHOS data included the linked data for 12 cohorts, bringing the number of individuals in the linked data set to 95,723 with cancer and 1,510,127 without. This article reviews the features of the resource and provides information on some descriptive characteristics of the individuals in the data set (health‐related quality of life, body mass index, fall risk management, number of unhealthy days in the past month). Individuals without (n = 258,108) and with (n = 3,440) cancer (1,311 men with prostate cancer, 982 women with breast cancer, 689 with colorectal cancer, 458 with lung cancer) were included in the current descriptive analysis. Given increasing longevity, advances in effective therapies and earlier detection, and population growth, the number of individuals aged 65 and older with cancer is expected to reach more than 12 million by 2020. SEER‐MHOS provides population‐level, self‐reported, cancer registry–linked data for person‐centered surveillance research on this growing population.
Characteristics of United States Emergency Department Visits for Traumatic Amputations in the Elderly Adult from 2010 to 2013
Authors: Bandzar Sean , Gupta Shabnam , Atallah Hany , Pitts Stephen R. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundElderly adults (65 years of age and older) are of particular concern for traumatic amputations due to age‐related changes in vision and coordination, making them more susceptible to injury.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of traumatic amputations in the elderly adults treated in United States emergency departments (ED).DesignA retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2010 to 2013.ParticipantsPeople aged 65 years and older treated in U.S. hospital EDs for traumatic amputations from 2010 to 2013.ResultsThere were 15,611 elderly patients treated for amputations from 2010 to 2013, averaging 3,902 amputations per year in the United States. The frequency of amputations declined with increasing age. The mean age was 74 years old. Males represented 84% of the cohort. The majority of the injuries that were recorded took place at home (71%). The most common associated consumer products were saws, lawnmowers, and doors. Saws accounted for approximately 45% of amputations. In females, doors were the most common consumer product associated with amputations. Approximately 45% of amputations were complete amputations. The most common digit to be amputated was the thumb (24%). Approximately 72% of the cases in the cohort were treated and released from the ED.ConclusionTraumatic amputations in elderly adults were frequently due to saws and lawnmowers. An increase in injury prevention efforts in this patient population is warranted.
Effects of relational coordination among colleagues and span of control on work engagement among home‐visiting nurses
Authors: Naruse Takashi , Sakai Mahiro , Nagata Satoko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimHome‐visiting nursing agencies are required to foster staff nurse's work engagement; thus, the factors related to work engagement require identification. This study examined relational coordination among colleagues and agency span of control on the work engagement of home‐visiting nurses.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 93 staff nurses in 31 home‐visiting nursing agencies were collected via a survey and analyzed using mixed linear regression.ResultsThere was no significant main effect of relational coordination among nurse colleagues on work engagement. In large agencies with a large span of control, relational coordination among nursing colleagues predicted work engagement. Nursing managers' relational coordination was found to be positively associated with staff nurse work engagement.ConclusionAgency span of control is a moderating factor on the positive effect of relational coordination with nursing colleagues on staff nurse work engagement.
Lived experience of Indonesian nurses in Japan: A phenomenological study
Authors: Efendi Ferry , Chen Ching‐Min , Nursalam Nursalam , Indarwati Retno , Ulfiana Elida 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThe movement of Indonesian nurses via a bilateral agreement with Japan has led to a substantial number of migrants to work as nurses in that nation's healthcare system. The purpose of this research was to develop a deeper understanding of the meaningful experiences of Indonesian nurses while working in Japanese hospitals.MethodsIn this phenomenological study, sampling was purposive and was based on information shared by five Indonesian nurses. The data were collected in interviews; the analysis was thematic.ResultsSix key themes were identified: (i) seeking better than before; (ii) communication challenges; (iii) the nursing examination as a culmination; (iv) differences in nursing practice; (v) cultural differences; and (vi) the benefits of living in developed country. Among these challenges, communication as the basis of shared meaning and understanding was viewed as a complex issue, by both patients and coworkers.ConclusionThe results of this study call for further intervention in supporting Indonesian nurses living in Japan in their struggle with the issue of communication. The emphasis on language acquisition for personal and professional objectives, and the bridging of cultural differences as well, should be considered in an international context.