bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Our Understanding of the Genetic Regulation of Storage Root Formation and Growth
Authors: Villordon Arthur , LaBonte Don 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStorage root formation is the most economically important developmental process in sweetpotato. Despite recent progress in the physiological and molecular understanding of how storage roots form, significant knowledge gaps exist in terms of explaining the variable number of storage roots produced per plant. Does the onset of storage root formation occur at random times in random adventitious roots, or is this process initiated by spatial and temporal cues in the rhizosphere that interact with shoot-borne signals? This review addresses this question and focuses on the vascular cambium as the main driver of storage root formation, which is essentially secondary growth. The goal is to integrate classical source-sink dynamics with available anatomical, morphological, physiological, molecular, and genomic evidence, leading to a more complete understanding of the genetic regulation of the role of vascular cambium in sweetpotato storage root formation. The understanding of how adventitious roots transition to storage roots is important not only from the scientific understanding but can lead to practical applications that improve food security and economic sustainability where the sweetpotato is grown.
Research on Real-time and High-Precision Cracks Inversion Algorithm for ACFM Based on GA-BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology is an emerging nondestructive testing method, which has been used widely in oil industry for detecting and evaluating of surface cracks on structures. It is hard to achieve real-time and high-precision cracks inversion for ACFM based on traditional characteristic signals. In this paper, based on the finite element method (FEM) model of electromagnetic coupling ACFM probe, the energy spectrum and phase threshold determination method is present to obtain the crack characteristic signals in real time. The real-time and high- precision cracks inversion system for ACFM is set up and verified by artificial cracks. The length and depth of cracks are calculated using the characteristic signals obtained from experiments based the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Back Propagation (BP) neural network real-time and high- precision cracks inversion algorithm. The results show that the FEM model of electromagnetic coupling ACFM probe can simulate the characteristic signals perfectively. The energy spectrum and phase threshold determination method can obtain the crack characteristic signals in real time. The GA-BP neural network can invert the length and depth of crack perfectly and the relative error of inversion accuracy is less than 10%.
Visual Evaluation of Irregular Cracks in Steel by Double Gradient Fusion Algorithm Using Composite ACFM-MFL Testing Method
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVisual evaluation of cracks in the steel under the coating is an important topic in the nondestructive testing field. In this paper, the double gradient fusion algorithm is presented for the visualization of irregular cracks using the composite alternating current field measurement and magnetic flux leakage (ACFM-MFL) testing method. A finite element method model of the ACFM-MFL is developed to extract the disturbed current and distorted magnetic field caused by the irregular crack. The double gradient fusion algorithm is presented to reconstruct the surface morphology of the irregular crack. The ACFM-MFL testing system is developed to detect and evaluate the irregular crack in the steel under the coating using the double gradient fusion algorithm. The results show that the surface morphology of the irregular crack can be reconstructed accurately and evaluated visually in the steel under the coating by the double gradient fusion algorithm using the composite ACFM-MFL testing method.
Design and Experiment Research of Oblique Crack Detection System for Rail Tread Based on ACFM Technique
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe oblique crack is a major form of damage to the rail tread surface. When it reaches a certain depth, these cracks will rapidly expand and cause transverse fractures in the rail head. Therefore, the detection of oblique cracks on rail treads is of great significance for railway safety. Based on the characteristics of rail tread detection, a rail tread oblique crack detection system has been developed and tested using the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The ACFM detection model is established using the finite element software COMSOL. It analyzes the response relationships between the induced electromagnetic field and the oblique cracks, as well as explores the influences of different scanning paths on the distortion of characteristic signals. In consideration of the rail tread's characteristics, the detection probe, scanning frame, and detector are designed, and the detection software is written to form a complete rail tread oblique crack detection system capable of detecting rail tread cracks of various lengths and depths. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the distortion of the characteristic signal at the center position of the oblique crack is the smallest, while the characteristic signal at the end position is the largest. The detection system can effectively detect oblique cracks as deep as 1 mm on the rail tread increases, the distortion of the crack center characteristic signal increases, and as the length of the crack increases, the distortion of the characteristic signal first increases and then decreases.
Design and Testing of High-Resolution Probe Arrays Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor the large space of sensor array in the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) probe, the spatial resolution of the measured distorted magnetic image is low above defects. As a result, the accurate morphology of defects cannot be reconstructed. In this paper, a novel ACFM probe array and testing system are set up based on the high resolution TMR magnetic field sensor array for the high-resolution imaging of distorted magnetic field. The finite element simulation model of ACFM is established. The induced electromagnetic field distortion law around the different defects is analyzed. The relationship between defect surface profile and magnetic field image is analyzed. The high-resolution sensor array is designed with 1 mm spacing. The range of uniform current field is analyzed by simulation. The multiplexing module is designed to preprocess the signal output from sensor array. The structure of the detection probe is designed. The testing system is set up to carried out defect detection experiment. The results show that Bz (magnetic field perpendicular to specimen) image and Bx (magnetic field parallel to probe scanning direction) image can reflect the information of the end point and edge of the defect respectively. The high-resolution magnetic field image of the distortion around the defect can be obtained by the ACFM probe arrry. The surface profile of the defect can be imaged visually accurately by the image of magnetic field.
Research on the Detection of Surface Cracks on Drilling Riser Using the Chain Alternating Current Field Measurement Probe Array
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrilling riser is a critical component in offshore oil and gas industry. Due to the complicated alternating stress and corrosive environment, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the most common defect on drilling riser in service. A novel chain alternating current field measurement (ACFM) probe array is proposed to detect surface cracks on drilling riser. The finite element method (FEM) is presented for analyzing the characteristic signal of surface crack. The space between the U-shaped excitation yoke and the detecting sensor is determined by simulation. Based on the results of simulation, the chain ACFM probe with giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensor array system is set up, and the drilling riser surface crack detection experiment is carried out. The results show that the maximum spacing of U-shaped excitation yoke and sensor array is 80 mm and 10 mm respectively. Furthermore, the chain ACFM probe with GMR sensor array system can detect and locate the surface cracks on drilling riser rapidly and quantitatively with a single pass scanning.
An Electromagnetic Helmholtz-Coil Probe for Arbitrary Orientation Crack Detection on the Surface of Pipeline
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubjected to hoop stress and land movement load, the orientation of cracks on the surface of pipeline may be axial direction, circumferential direction or the others. In this paper, an electromagnetic Helmholtz-coil probe is presented to detect the oriented cracks on the surface of pipeline. A structure of equal-spaced TMR sensor array of the Helmholtz-coil probe is applied to scan the full circumference of the pipeline simultaneously in a single pass. The simulation and experiment results indicate that using the combination effect of the electric current perturbation and the magnetic flux leakage, the oriented crack can be mapped clearly.
Circumferential Current Field Testing System with TMR Sensor Array for Non-contact Detection and Estimation of Cracks on Power Plant Piping
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPiping is a critical component in power plant, which is subject to surface thermal fatigue cracks. Due to the high temperature and the presence of coatings, conventional non-destructive testing methods are unsuitable to detect the thermal fatigue cracks on power plant piping. This paper presents a novel circumferential uniform current field testing system for the non-contact detection and estimation of cracks on power plant piping. A 3D dynamic finite element method model is developed to obtain the characteristic signals and optimize the inducing frequency. The circumferential uniform current field testing system with tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) sensor array is set up and the crack detection experiments are carried out. The results show that the circumferential uniform current field testing system with TMR sensor array can achieve a non-contact, visual and efficient detection of cracks on piping in a one pass scan. The depth and length of cracks can be estimated by the proposed calibration method.
Non-universal probes of composite Higgs models: new bounds and prospects for FCC-ee
Authors: Stefanek Ben A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the leading loop-level phenomenology of composite Higgs models via the effective field theory of a strongly interacting light Higgs and top quark (SILH+TQ). We systematically analyze the renormalization group evolution (RGE) of tree-generated operators in the SILH+TQ scenario, finding large mixings of flavor non-universal operators into those affecting electroweak precision observables. We show that these model-independent RG contributions are more important than typical estimates for finite parts. Flavor non-universal effects are completely captured by examining three options for the top mixing: fully composite $$ {q}_L^3 $$

q
L
3

, equal compositeness, and fully composite tR. In the most phenomenologically viable case of a fully composite tR, we show that the strongest bound on the natural parameter space comes from next-to-leading log running of the 4-top operator $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{tt}=\left({\overline{t}}_R{\gamma}_{\mu }{t}_R\right)\left({\overline{t}}_R{\gamma}^{\mu }{t}_R\right) $$

O
tt

=

t
¯

R

γ
μ

t
R

t
¯

R

γ
μ

t
R

into the Peskin-Takeuchi T parameter. In general, we find that this 2-loop effect allows existing electroweak precision data to give better constraints on 4-top operators than high-energy probes from top production at the LHC. Independent of the top mixing, we find that a future tera-Z machine such as FCC-ee has the potential to probe composite Higgs models up to a scale of m∗ ≳ 25 TeV, and test the naturalness of the electroweak scale at the ≲ 10−4 level.
PAIReD jet: A multi-pronged resonance tagging strategy across all Lorentz boosts
Authors: Mondal Spandan , Barone Gaetano , Schmidt Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose a new approach of jet-based event reconstruction that aims to optimally exploit correlations between the products of a hadronic multi-pronged decay across all Lorentz boost regimes. The new approach utilizes clustered small-radius jets as seeds to define unconventional jets, referred to as PAIReD jets. The constituents of these jets are subsequently used as inputs to machine learning-based algorithms to identify the flavor content of the jet. We demonstrate that this approach achieves higher efficiencies in the reconstruction of signal events containing heavy-flavor jets compared to other event reconstruction strategies at all Lorentz boost regimes. Classifiers trained on PAIReD jets also have significantly better background rejections compared to those based on traditional event reconstruction approaches using small-radius jets at low Lorentz boost regimes. The combined effect of a higher signal reconstruction efficiency and better classification performance results in a two to four times stronger rejection of light-flavor jets compared to conventional strategies at low Lorentz-boosts, and rejection rates similar to classifiers based on large-radius multi-pronged jets at high Lorentz-boost regimes.
Gravitational production of heavy particles during and after inflation
Authors: Racco Davide , Verner Sarunas , Xue Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the gravitational production of a scalar field χ with a mass exceeding the Hubble scale during inflation mχ ≳ HI, employing both analytical and numerical approaches. We demonstrate that the steepest descent method effectively captures the epochs and yields of gravitational production in a compact and simple analytical framework. These analytical results align with the numerical solutions of the field equation. Our study covers three spacetime backgrounds: de Sitter, power-law inflation, and the Starobinsky inflation model. Within these models, we identify two distinct phases of particle production: during and after inflation. During inflation, we derive an accurate analytic expression for the particle production rate, accounting for a varying Hubble rate. After inflation, the additional burst of particle production depends on the inflaton mass around its minimum. When this mass is smaller than the Hubble scale during inflation, HI, there is no significant extra production. However, if the inflaton mass is larger, post-inflation production becomes the dominant contribution. Furthermore, we explore the implications of gravitationally produced heavy fields for dark matter abundance, assuming their cosmological stability.
On fusing matrices associated with conformal boundary conditions
Authors: Konechny Anatoly , Vergioglou Vasileios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the context of rational conformal field theories (RCFT) we look at the fusing matrices that arise when a topological defect is attached to a conformal boundary condition. We call such junctions open topological defects. One type of fusing matrices arises when two open defects fuse while another arises when an open defect passes through a boundary operator. We use the topological field theory approach to RCFTs based on Frobenius algebra objects in modular tensor categories to describe the general structure associated with such matrices and how to compute them from a given Frobenius algebra object and its representation theory. We illustrate the computational process on the rational free boson theories. Applications to boundary renormalisation group flows are briefly discussed.
Generalized cluster states from Hopf algebras: non-invertible symmetry and Hopf tensor network representation
Authors: Jia Zhian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cluster states are crucial resources for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). It exhibits symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order, thus also playing a crucial role in studying topological phases. We present the construction of cluster states based on Hopf algebras. By generalizing the finite group valued qudit to a Hopf algebra valued qudit and introducing the generalized Pauli-X operator based on the regular action of the Hopf algebra, as well as the generalized Pauli-Z operator based on the irreducible representation action on the Hopf algebra, we develop a comprehensive theory of Hopf qudits. We demonstrate that non-invertible symmetry naturally emerges for Hopf qudits. Subsequently, for a bipartite graph termed the cluster graph, we assign the identity state and trivial representation state to even and odd vertices, respectively. Introducing the edge entangler as controlled regular action, we provide a general construction of Hopf cluster states. To ensure the commutativity of the edge entangler, we propose a method to construct a cluster lattice for any triangulable manifold. We use the 1d cluster state as an example to illustrate our construction. As this serves as a promising candidate for SPT phases, we construct the gapped Hamiltonian for this scenario and provide a detailed discussion of its non-invertible symmetries. We demonstrate that the 1d cluster state model is equivalent to the quasi-1d Hopf quantum double model with one rough boundary and one smooth boundary. We also discuss the generalization of the Hopf cluster state model to the Hopf ladder model through symmetry topological field theory. Furthermore, we introduce the Hopf tensor network representation of Hopf cluster states by integrating the tensor representation of structure constants with the string diagrams of the Hopf algebra, which can be used to solve the Hopf cluster state model.
Improved thermal resummation for multi-field potentials
Authors: Bahl Henning , Carena Marcela , Ireland Aurora , Wagner Carlos E. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The resummation of large thermal corrections to the effective potential is mandatory for the accurate prediction of phase transitions. We discuss the accuracy of different prescriptions to perform this resummation at the one- and two-loop level and point out conceptual issues that appear when using a high-temperature expansion at the two-loop level. Moreover, we show how a particular prescription called partial dressing, which does not rely on a high-temperature expansion, consistently avoids these issues. We introduce a novel technique to apply this resummation method to the case of multiple mixing fields. Our approach significantly extends the range of applicability of the partial dressing prescription, making it suitable for phenomenological studies of beyond the Standard Model extensions of the Higgs sector.
Involvement of extracellular vesicle microRNA clusters in developing healthy and Rett syndrome brain organoids
Authors: Bahram Sangani Nasim , Koetsier Jarno , Gomes Ana Rita , Diogo Maria Margarida , Fernandes Tiago G. , Bouwman Freek G. , Mariman Edwin C. M. , Ghazvini Mehrnaz , Gribnau Joost , Curfs Leopold M. G. , Reutelingsperger Chris P. , Eijssen Lars M. T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by de novo mutations in the MECP2 gene. Although miRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested to play an essential role in several neurological conditions, no prior study has utilized brain organoids to profile EV-derived miRNAs during normal and RTT-affected neuronal development. Here we report the spatiotemporal expression pattern of EV-derived miRNAs in region-specific forebrain organoids generated from female hiPSCs with a MeCP2:R255X mutation and the corresponding isogenic control. EV miRNA and protein expression profiles were characterized at day 0, day 13, day 40, and day 75. Several members of the hsa-miR-302/367 cluster were identified as having a time-dependent expression profile with RTT-specific alterations at the latest developmental stage. Moreover, the miRNA species of the chromosome 14 miRNA cluster (C14MC) exhibited strong upregulation in RTT forebrain organoids irrespective of their spatiotemporal location. Together, our results suggest essential roles of the C14MC and hsa-miR-302/367 clusters in EVs during normal and RTT-associated neurodevelopment, displaying promising prospects as biomarkers for monitoring RTT progression.
Graphical Abstract
Vibration analysis associated with the operation of printing units in offset printing machines: applications towards metamaterials
Authors: Pyr’yev Yuriy , Murcia Terranova Larry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper analyzes the vibrational behavior of cylinders in the offset printing machine caused by a cylinder gap shock. Specifically, it assesses the stability of a system of two cylinders. The analysis of the proposed model is reduced to solving a set of Hill equations. The singularity of the obtained equations is the relationship between the natural frequencies of the system and modulation depth. Numerical simulations, along with the generalized Hill’s determinant method, were employed to determine the critical parameters of parametric resonance, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for the stability of periodic vibrations.
Violent Nonlinear Collapse in the Interior of Charged Hairy Black Holes
Authors: Van de Moortel Maxime 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe construct a new one-parameter family, indexed by $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
, of two-ended, spatially-homogeneous black hole interiors solving the Einstein–Maxwell–Klein–Gordon equations with a (possibly zero) cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
and bifurcating off a Reissner–Nordström-(dS/AdS) interior ($$\epsilon =0$$

ϵ
=
0

). For all small $$\epsilon \ne 0$$

ϵ
≠
0

, we prove that, although the black hole is charged, its terminal boundary is an everywhere-spacelike Kasner singularity foliated by spheres of zero radius r. Moreover, smaller perturbations (i.e. smaller $$|\epsilon |$$

|
ϵ
|

) are more singular than larger ones, in the sense that the Hawking mass and the curvature blow up following a power law of the form $$r^{-O(\epsilon ^{-2})}$$

r

-
O
(

ϵ

-
2

)

at the singularity $$\{r=0\}$$

{
r
=
0
}

. This unusual property originates from a dynamical phenomenon—violent nonlinear collapse—caused by the almost formation of a Cauchy horizon to the past of the spacelike singularity $$\{r=0\}$$

{
r
=
0
}

. This phenomenon was previously described numerically in the physics literature and referred to as “the collapse of the Einstein–Rosen bridge”. While we cover all values of $$\Lambda \in \mathbb {R}$$

Λ
∈
R

, the case $$\Lambda <0$$

Λ
<
0

is of particular significance to the AdS/CFT correspondence. Our result can also be viewed in general as a first step towards the understanding of the interior of hairy black holes.
Gh-convergence of CAT(0)-spaces: stability of the Euclidean factor
Authors: Cavallucci Nicola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove that if a sequence of geodesically complete CAT(0)-spaces

$$X_j$$

X
j

with uniformly cocompact discrete groups of isometries converges in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense to

$$X_\infty $$

X
∞

, then the dimension of the maximal Euclidean factor splitted off by

$$X_\infty $$

X
∞

and

$$X_j$$

X
j

is the same, for j big enough. In other words, no additional Euclidean factors can appear in the limit.