bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing and properties of porous SiC ceramics prepared by yttrium aluminum garnet infiltration
Authors: Baitalik Sanchita , Kayal Nijhuma , Chakrabarti Omprakash 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOxide bonded porous SiC ceramics were synthesized by infiltrating a liquid precursor of yttrium aluminum garnet into porous powder compact of SiC followed by sintering at 1300‐1500°C in air. Infiltration rate was estimated using weight gain by the liquid precursor sol into porous SiC powder compact as a function of time and was explained by Darcy's and Ficks's laws. The effects of SiC particle sizes and sintering temperatures on the formation of bonding phases, microstructure, SiC oxidation degree, flexural strength, porosity, and pore size distribution of porous SiC ceramics were studied. Various crystalline oxide phases were detected by XRD analysis. Depending on the starting SiC powder sizes and sintering temperatures, the porosity of the final ceramics varied nearly in the range of ~29‐41 vol. % with the variation of average pore diameter between ~5 and 30 μm. Flexural strength varied from 41 to 8 MPa depending on porosity. The effect of corrosion on oxide bond phases was investigated in strong acidic and basic medium at 90°C. The ceramics showed better corrosion resistance in acidic medium compared to basic medium. In basic medium, significant reduction in flexural strength (~42%) was arisen.
Outcomes and feasibility of the short transitional intervention in psychiatry in improving the transition from inpatient treatment to the community: A pilot study
Authors: Hegedüs Anna , Kozel Bernd , Fankhauser Niklaus , Needham Ian , Behrens Johann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDischarge from psychiatric inpatient care is frequently described as chaotic, stressful, and emotionally charged. Following discharge, service users are vulnerable to becoming overwhelmed by the challenges involved in readapting to their home environments, which could result in serious problems and lead to readmission. The short transitional intervention in psychiatry (STeP) is a bridging intervention that includes pre‐ and post‐discharge sections. It aims to prepare patients for specific situations in the period immediately following discharge from a psychiatric hospital. We conducted a quasi‐experimental pilot study to determine the feasibility of the intervention, and gain insight into the effects of the STeP. Two inpatient wards at a Swiss psychiatric hospital participated in the study, and represented the intervention and control arms. Patient recruitment and baseline assessment were performed 2 weeks prior to discharge. Follow‐up data were collected 1 week subsequent to discharge. Questionnaires measured coping, admission and health‐care usage, self‐efficacy, working alliance, experience of transition, and the number of difficulties experienced following discharge. Fourteen and 15 patients completed the follow‐up assessment in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The STeP did not affect primary or secondary outcomes; however, it was shown to be feasible, and patients’ feedback highlighted the importance of post‐discharge contact sessions. Further research is required to improve understanding of the discharge experience, identify relevant patient outcomes, and assess the effectiveness of the intervention in an adequately‐powered randomized, controlled trial.
Enzymatic debridement with collagenase in wounds and ulcers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patry Jérôme , Blanchette Virginie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnzymatic debridement with collagenase is a technique that is commonly used in clinical practice. This systematic review examines the effect of collagenase on all kinds of wounds, compared to an alternative therapy, on wound healing, wound bed characteristics, cost‐effectiveness and the occurrence of adverse events. We conducted a systematic literature search on available literature in Cochrane databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Two investigators independently assessed the titles and abstracts of all randomised controlled trials obtained involving collagenase of all kinds of wounds based on inclusion criteria. Of the 1411 citations retrieved, 22 studies reported outcomes with the use of collagenase either for wound healing or wound debridement. Results support the use of collagenase for enzymatic debridement in pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and in conjunction with topical antibiotics for burns. However, studies presented a high risk of bias. Risk ratio of developing an adverse event related to collagenase versus the alternative treatment was statistically significant (for 10 studies, RR: 1·79, 95% CI 1·24–2·59, I2=0%, P = 0·002). There is very limited data on the effect of collagenase as an enzymatic debridement technique on wounds. More independant research and adequate reporting of adverse events are warranted.
The need to know: The information needs of parents of infants with an intellectual disability—a qualitative study
Authors: Douglas Tracy , Redley Bernice , Ottmann Goetz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the information needs of parents of infants with an intellectual disability in the first year of life.BackgroundParents whose infant has an intellectual disability need access to information if they are to facilitate optimal care for their child. A lack of timely, accurate information provision by health professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, can increase parental stress and hinder access to the supports they and their infant require.DesignA qualitative descriptive methodology was used for the study.MethodsQualitative interviews were undertaken with parents of 11 children with intellectual disabilities in Victoria, Australia in 2014. Data were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis.FindingsParents experienced challenges accessing quality information during the first year of their child's life. Parents required incremental information provision to build a strong knowledge base to facilitate optimal care for their infants. Three types of knowledge were identified as crucial for parents: knowledge about (1) the infant's condition; (2) the infant's specific needs and (3) available supports and services. Health professionals were the key resource to access this information.ConclusionHealth professionals’ responsibilities include providing relevant, timely information to parents of infants with intellectual disabilities. This study conceptualises three types of information parents need to develop a strong knowledge base to guide their infant's care and provides guidance concerning the optimal timing for the delivery of information.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog, liraglutide, improves visceral sensation and gut permeability in rats
Authors: Nozu Tsukasa , Miyagishi Saori , Kumei Shima , Nozu Rintaro , Takakusaki Kaoru , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimA glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog, liraglutide, has been reported to block inflammatory somatic pain. We hypothesized that liraglutide attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS)‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and tested the hypothesis in rats.MethodsThe threshold of the visceromotor response induced by colonic balloon distention was measured to assess visceral sensation. Colonic permeability was determined in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue spectrophotometrically, which was instilled in the proximal colon for 15 min. The interleukin‐6 level in colonic mucosa was also quantified using ELISA.ResultsSubcutaneously injected LPS (1 mg/kg) reduced the visceromotor response threshold after 3 h. Liraglutide (300 μg/kg subcutaneously) at 15 h and 30 min before injecting LPS eliminated LPS‐induced allodynia. It also blocked the allodynia induced by repeated water avoidance stress for 1 h for three consecutive days. Neither vagotomy nor naloxone altered the antinociceptive effect of liraglutide, but NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, blocked it. LPS increased colonic permeability and the interleukin‐6 level, and the analog significantly inhibited these responses.ConclusionsThis study suggests that liraglutide blocked LPS‐induced visceral allodynia, which may be a nitric oxide‐dependent response, and was probably mediated by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and attenuating the increased gut permeability. Because the LPS‐cytokine system is considered to contribute to altered visceral sensation in irritable bowel syndrome, these results indicate the possibility that liraglutide can be useful for treating this disease.
Accuracy of Current Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Bacterial Infection in Older Adults in the Emergency Department
Authors: Caterino Jeffrey M. , Leininger Robert , Kline David M. , Southerland Lauren T. , Khaliqdina Salman , Baugh Christopher W. , Pallin Daniel J. , Stevenson Kurt B. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of the Loeb criteria, emergency department (ED) physicians’ diagnoses, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for acute bacterial infection in older adults with a criterion standard expert review.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingUrban, tertiary‐care ED.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older in the ED, excluding those who were incarcerated, underwent a trauma, did not speak English, or were unable to consent.MeasurementsTwo physician experts identified bacterial infections using clinical judgement, participant surveys, and medical records; a third adjudicated in cases of disagreement. Agreement and test characteristics were measured for ED physician diagnosis, Loeb criteria, and CDC surveillance guidelines.ResultsCriterion‐standard review identified bacterial infection in 77 of 424 participants (18%) (18 (4.2%) lower respiratory, 19 (4.5%) urinary tract (UTI), 22 (5.2%) gastrointestinal, 15 (3.5%) skin and soft tissue). ED physicians diagnosed infection in 71 (17%), but there were 33 with under‐ and 27 with overdiagnosis. Physician agreement with the criterion standard was moderate for infection overall and each infection type (κ = 0.48–0.59), but sensitivity was low (<67%), and the negative likelihood ratio (LR(‐)) was greater than 0.30 for all infections. The Loeb criteria had poor sensitivity, agreement, and LR(–) for lower respiratory (50%, κ = 0.55; 0.51) and urinary tract infection (26%, κ = 0.34; 0.74), but 87% sensitivity (κ = 0.78; LR(–) 0.14) for skin and soft tissue infections. CDC guidelines had moderate agreement but poor sensitivity and LR(–).ConclusionEmergency physicians often under‐ and overdiagnose infections in older adults. The Loeb criteria are useful only for diagnosing skin and soft tissue infections. CDC guidelines are inadequate in the ED. New criteria are needed to aid ED physicians in accurately diagnosing infection in older adults.
Work‐related psychosocial stress and the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life
Authors: Pan K.‐Y. , Xu W. , Mangialasche F. , Fratiglioni L. , Wang H.‐X. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesAlthough work‐related psychosocial stress and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been investigated, the association between lifelong work stress and T2DM in later life remains unclear. This study examined whether high work stress increased the risk of T2DM risk in later life, accounting also for other sources of stress outside work, such as burden from household chores.MethodsFrom the population‐based prospective study SNAC‐K, 2719 diabetes‐free participants aged ≥60 years were identified and followed up for 6 years. T2DM was ascertained by glycated haemoglobin level, self‐report, hypoglycaemic medication use and clinical records. Levels of job control and demands over the whole working life were assessed by a validated matrix. Household chores load was assessed by hours spent on such chores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between job strain and T2DM.ResultsDuring the 6‐year follow‐up, 154 incident cases of T2DM were identified. High job strain was associated with T2DM occurrence amongst the 60‐year‐old cohort (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.27–7.77), and only amongst women (OR = 6.18, 95% CI: 1.22–31.26), but not in men. When taking into account household chores load, a more pronounced risk of T2DM was associated with high job strain in combination with heavy household chores load in women aged 60 years at baseline (OR = 9.45, 95% CI: 1.17–76.53).ConclusionWork‐related psychosocial stress may increase the risk of T2DM only amongst women in their early 60s. The risk can be amplified by high household chores load.
Tick‐borne encephalitis in patients vaccinated against this disease
Authors: Lotrič‐Furlan S. , Bogovič P. , Avšič‐Županc T. , Jelovšek M. , Lusa L. , Strle F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundInformation on tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) in patients already vaccinated against the disease is limited.ObjectivesTo compare the course and outcome in patients with vaccination breakthrough TBE with findings in patients who developed TBE without previous vaccination.MethodsAll adult patients diagnosed with TBE at a single medical centre during a 16‐year period and who had received at least two doses of TBE vaccine before the onset of illness qualified for the study. For each patient with breakthrough TBE, two unvaccinated sex‐ and age‐matched patients, diagnosed with TBE in the same year, were included for comparison.ResultsAmongst 2332 patients diagnosed with TBE in the period 2000–2015, 39 (1.7%) had been vaccinated against the disease. Their median age was 59 (20–83) years; 22 of 39 (56.4%) were male. In comparison with unvaccinated patients with TBE, those with breakthrough disease more often experienced a monophasic course of illness (P = 0.006), had a higher CSF leucocyte count (P = 0.005), more often had urine retention (P = 0.012), more often needed ICU treatment (P = 0.009), were hospitalized for longer (P = 0.002) and had more severe acute illness (P = 0.004 for simple clinical assessment, P = 0.001 for severity score).ConclusionIn addition to several findings corroborating previous results in patients with vaccination breakthrough TBE, such as older age and the presence of a particular specific serum antibody pattern indicating anamnestic response, findings in this study indicate that the acute illness in patients with breakthrough TBE is more severe than in unvaccinated sex‐ and age‐matched patients who develop the disease.
Effects of energy supply and nicotinic acid supplementation on serum anti‐oxidative capacity and on expression of oxidative stress‐related genes in blood leucocytes of periparturient primi‐ and pluriparous dairy cows
Authors: Bühler S. , Frahm J. , Tienken R. , Kersten S. , Meyer U. , Huber K. , Dänicke S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe periparturient period is accompanied by metabolic and oxidative stress. Niacin is known to decrease lipolysis but is also reported to have anti‐oxidative effects. Therefore, we examined the effects of energy supply and a nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation on anti‐oxidative serum parameters and on the expression of oxidative stress‐related genes in blood leucocytes of periparturient dairy cows, differing in parity. Twenty‐nine pluriparous and 18 primiparous cows were allocated to four different feeding groups 42 days before expected parturition until 100 days postpartum and fed a ration with either a low concentrate proportion of 30% (LC) or a high concentrate proportion of 60% (HC). After parturition, all animals received 30% concentrate which was increased to 50% either within 16 (LC group) or 24 days (HC group). Half of the animals per group were supplemented with 24 g NA per day from 42 days prepartum until 24 days postpartum. All investigated parameters varied significantly over time compared to parturition (p < .05). Ferric reducing ability (FRA) exhibited a nadir before parturition, and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed peak activities around parturition. Expression levels of GPX1, SOD2, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2) peaked before calving. The concentrate level influenced GPX activity and mRNA abundance of SOD2, XDH and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Pluriparous animals exhibited higher serum GPX activities, a more distinct nadir for FRA and higher expression levels for GPX1, SOD2 and XDH. Primiparous cows displayed higher serum SOD activities. NA supplementation increased serum SOD activity antepartum in LC animals. Parturition was characterised by an increased need for antioxidants and an increased expression of oxidative stress‐related genes that clearly differed with parity and was influenced by energy supply while NA exerted only minor effects on the investigated parameters.
Long‐term change in understorey plant communities of conventionally managed temperate deciduous forests: effects of nitrogen deposition and forest management
Authors: Förster Agnes , Becker Thomas , Gerlach Albrecht , Meesenburg Henning , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuestionsThe understorey vegetation of temperate forests may serve as an indicator of long‐term change in site conditions. We investigated vegetation change of the herb and moss layers during the last 50 yr in managed European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea) forests under chronic N deposition. We tested the hypotheses that (1) the species richness of the understorey vegetation has increased in intensively managed forests because species gains due to increased light and nutrient supply are greater than species losses, and (2) shifts in species richness and community composition differ between beech and oak stands due to contrasting light regimes.LocationForests of the Solling Mountains, central Germany.MethodsWe re‐sampled 95 relevés of the herb and moss layers after 46/47 yr (1966/67 vs 2013) to analyse changes in cover and species composition. In the beech forests, two widespread types of production forest (selection cutting vs shelterwood management) were compared with unmanaged forest reserves. Trends in vegetation change were related to a long‐term record of N deposition and soil chemistry, shifts in EIV and changes in canopy structure.ResultsA decrease in cover of the uppermost tree layer and emerging lower tree and shrub layers have increased the heterogeneity of canopy structure and indicate a more heterogeneous light distribution on the forest floor of the beech and oak forests. Plot‐level species richness has increased in both forest types (except for beech stands under shelterwood management). Under chronic N deposition (~40 kg N·ha−1·yr−1 before 1990, 20–25 kg·ha−1·yr−1 since 1990), the organic layer N pool more than doubled between 1966 and 1993 with a decrease thereafter, and the EIV‐N scores have increased. The N score increase was not related to changes in the canopy.ConclusionsThis study presents evidence of an N deposition effect on the understorey vegetation, which acts independently from the recorded changes in canopy structure. We conclude that altered nutrient supply due to atmospheric N deposition, together with changes in light regimes and management‐related disturbance, are the main drivers of vegetation change in the studied stands.
Comparison of Silodosin versus Tadalafil in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: YOSHIDA Masaki , ORIGASA Hideki , SEKI Narihito 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of silodosin versus tadalafil for treating lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH).MethodsAfter informed consent, patients with LUTS/BPH were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive silodosin 8 mg/day or tadalafil 5 mg/day for 8 weeks (Period 1). Patients treated with tadalafil entered an exploratory phase and received silodosin or tadalafil for another 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) with Period 1 treatment.ResultsBoth silodosin and tadalafil demonstrated statistically significant improvement in IPSS total symptom score, with a mean ± standard deviation change of −10.1 ± 6.4 (P < 0.0001) and −8.0 ± 6.3 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The former reduction was significantly greater than the latter (P = 0.0277). Adverse drug reactions occurred at a rate of 23.4% with silodosin and 8.4% with tadalafil. No serious adverse drug reactions were documented, suggesting that both drugs were well tolerated. Moreover, results of Period 2 showed that switching to silodosin from tadalafil achieved a faster onset of improvements in IPSS Quality of Life Index score and total Overactive Bladder Symptom Score.ConclusionsSilodosin achieved significantly greater improvement than tadalafil, with a higher incidence of adverse drug reactions. The risk‐benefit profiles obtained in this study will provide useful information for optimal pharmacological treatment of LUTS/BPH. Our results suggest that silodosin can be one of the first‐line therapies for rapid and efficient relief in patients with LUTS/BPH.
When Is Anger Helpful or Hurtful? Status and Role Impact on Anger Expression and Outcomes
Authors: Callister Ronda Roberts , Geddes Deanna , Gibson Donald F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnger expressers and targets often experience anger as an unpleasant and potentially damaging emotion. However, emerging social functional perspectives on workplace anger suggest that anger expressions can promote valued dialogue, facilitating the airing of differences that can lead to improved working relationship and movement toward organizational goals and beneficial change. While supervisors typically express work‐related anger with impunity, subordinate anger may be challenged and sanctioned more frequently. Hypotheses tested status (supervisor vs. subordinate) and role (expresser vs. target) effects on perceived outcomes. Findings indicate a significant main effect for status and significant interaction with role such that subordinates who are targets of supervisor anger, reported significantly more negative outcomes from anger expression than any other type of anger interaction. We also found that existing strong relationships between supervisors and subordinates contribute to outcomes that are more favorable following anger expressions at work.
Lessons Learned from Working with Roy J. Lewicki
Authors: Tomlinson Edward C. , Polin Beth , Gray Barbara , Barry Bruce 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article includes four essays in tribute to our colleague, Roy J. Lewicki, recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management 2013 Lifetime Achievement Award. Although he has made many contributions to the conflict and negotiation literature, we focus in particular on our experiences in collaborating with him on his research on leader influence on subordinate discretionary behavior, interpersonal trust, framing in environmental conflicts, and negotiation pedagogy. Each essay describes key lessons we learned from Roy. The end of the article features a closing commentary by Roy.
Conflict and Culture Across Time and Space: Work and Legacy of Evert van de Vliert
Authors: De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Kluwer Esther S. , Euwema Martin S. , Van der Vegt Gerben S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFour former PhD students reflect on the work and legacy of their mentor Evert van de Vliert, emeritus professor at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, and recipient of the 2005 Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM). We review two major contributions pioneered by Van de Vliert: theory on the cognitive, motivational, and affective underpinnings of interpersonal conflict management in private and professional settings and theory on the climato‐economic underpinnings of human cultural institutions and behavioral biases. In addition, we share personal anecdotes from our time as PhD students and collaborators of Evert van de Vliert. Throughout we touch on lessons learned for doing science and mentoring the next generation.