bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling conceptualisations of the body and person‐centred care of the older person with cognitive impairment in the acute care setting
Authors: Rushton Carole , Edvardsson David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article, we sought reconciliation between the “body‐as‐representation” and the “body‐as‐experience,” that is, how the body is represented in discourse and how the body of older people with cognitive impairment is experienced. We identified four contemporary “technologies” and gave examples of these to show how they influence how older people with cognitive impairment are often represented in acute care settings. We argued that these technologies may be mediated further by discourses of ageism and ableism which can potentiate either the repressive or productive tendencies of these technologies resulting in either positive or negative care experiences for the older person and/or their carer, including nurses. We then provided examples from research of embodied experiences of older people with dementia and of how nurses and other professionals utilized their inter‐bodily experiences to inform acts of caring. The specificity and individuality of these experiences were more conducive to positive care experiences. We conclude the article by proposing that the act of caring is one way nurses seek to reconcile the “body‐as‐representation” with the “body‐as‐experience” to mitigate the repressive effects of negative ageism and ableism. The act of caring, we argue, is the essence of caring enacted through the provision of person‐centred care which evokes nurses to respond appropriately to the older person's “otherness,” their “variation of being” while enabling them to enact a continuation of themselves and their own version of normality.
Epistatic and QTL × environment interaction effects on leaf area‐associated traits in maize
Authors: Wei Xiaomin , Wang Xiaobo , Guo Shulei , Zhou Jinlong , Shi Yong , Wang Huitao , Dou Dandan , Song Xiaoheng , Li Guohui , Ku Lixia , Chen Yanhui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLeaves play important roles, including in photosynthesis and transpiration, during plant development. Therefore, studying the genetic mechanisms affecting leaf size may contribute to improving plant architecture through molecular design. However, the genetic mechanisms that underlie these traits remain poorly understood. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits related to leaf area were identified using a set of recombinant inbred lines evaluated in three environments by 1226 single nucleotide polymorphic markers. In total, 16 QTL were detected with four QTL showing effects of greater than 10%. Five of the QTL explained 46.02%, seven of the QTL explained 46.77%, and four of the QTL explained 30.03% of the phenotypic variance of leaf length, width and area, respectively. Additional epistatic effects were identified for all of the maize chromosomes, except for chromosomes 7, 8 and 9. All of the epistatic effects involved pairs of loci on different chromosomes. Thus, a complex network controlling these traits was found in maize. These results provide useful information for understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling maize leaf size.
Classification of genotypes of leaf phenotype (P/tan) and seed phenotype (Y1 and Tan1) in tan sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Kawahigashi Hiroyuki , Nonaka Eri , Mizuno Hiroshi , Kasuga Shigemitsu , Okuizumi Hisato 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] pigments are associated with resistance to leaf diseases and grain deterioration. As a defence response, tan sorghum produces flavones (apigenin and luteolin), whereas wild‐type sorghum produces additional 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins (apigeninidin and luteolinidin). The dominant leaf colour gene P (Sb06g029550) controls 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin production; the loss of its function results in tan leaves. We investigated the polymorphism of the P gene alleles and found that 11 of 327 lines from sorghum core collections had tan phenotype due to the loss of Sb06g029550 function. Six alleles (with insertions 1–4, a deletion and a point mutation) were found in tan sorghum, most of them in African landraces. This distribution suggests that the tan phenotype arose independently in different geographical locations and was selected several times during sorghum domestication. As plants with white seed without tannin often have tan leaves, the polymorphism of the transcription factor genes Y1 (for white seeds) and Tan1 (for seed tannin) was analysed. The grain coloration was affected by these transcription factors as previously reported but the leaf coloration by wounding was not affected by them.
Fine mapping of the RSC8 locus and expression analysis of candidate SMV resistance genes in soybean
Authors: Zhao Lin , Wang Dagang , Zhang Hongyun , Shen Yingchao , Yang Yongqing , Li Kai , Wang Liqun , Yang Yunhua , Zhi Haijian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSoybean mosaic disease, caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV), is one of the most broadly distributed viral diseases of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) worldwide, which decreases seed quality and causes serious losses in yields. The accession ‘Kefeng No.1’ was previously shown to carry the RSC8 gene on chromosome 2, which confers resistance to SMV strain SC8. To fine map the RSC8 gene, we generated larger F2 population (2122 plants) from the cross between resistant accession ‘Kefeng No.1’ and susceptible variety ‘Nannong 1138‐2’. Using eight genomic‐SSR markers including four newly developed markers, we mapped this gene to a 30.8‐kb region containing two annotated genes between two markers, ZL‐42 and ZL‐52, on chromosome 2. The expression of genes Glyma.02G121500 and Glyma.02G121600 (encoding MADS‐box proteins) was higher in ‘Kefeng No.1’ plants than that in ‘Nannong 1138‐2’ plants, as determined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR). These results suggest that the two genes are likely involved in conferring SMV resistance. This study will facilitate marker‐assisted selection of this gene for use in soybean breeding programmes.
Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain moisture at harvest in maize
Authors: Song Wei , Shi Zi , Xing Jinfeng , Duan Minxiao , Su Aiguo , Li Chunhui , Zhang Ruyang , Zhao Yanxin , Luo Meijie , Wang Jidong , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn maize, high grain moisture (GM) at harvest causes problems in harvesting, threshing, artificial drying, storage, transportation and processing. Understanding the genetic basis of GM will be useful for breeding low‐GM varieties. A quantitative genetics approach was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to GM at harvest in field‐grown maize. The GM of a double haploid population consisting of 240 lines derived from Xianyu335 was evaluated in three planting seasons and a high‐density genetic linkage map covering 1546.4 cM was constructed. The broad‐sense heritability of GM at harvest was 71.0%. Using composite interval mapping, six QTL for GM at harvest were identified on five chromosomes (Chr). Two QTL located on Chr1, qgm1‐1 and qgm1‐2, explained 5.0% and 10.8% of the phenotypic variation in GM at harvest, respectively. The QTL qgm2, qgm3, qgm4 and qgm5 accounted for 3.3%, 8.3%, 5.4% and 11.0% of the mean phenotypic variation, respectively. Because of their consistent detection over multiple planting seasons, the detected QTL appear to be robust and reliable for the breeding of low‐GM varieties.
Transplantation‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy isolated to a congenital anomaly of the lung
Authors: Kummen Rebecca T. , Cuvelier Geoffrey D. E. , Stefanovici Camelia , Perry Anamarija M. , Higgins Rick , Yanofsky Rochelle , Lum Min Suyin A. , Wall Donna A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTA‐TMA is a post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant complication with clinical features of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. A 26‐month‐old child who had had an allogeneic transplant for treatment of DBA developed severe TA‐TMA with heavy red blood cell and platelet transfusion dependence. Incidentally, he was found to have a lung sequestration. TA‐TMA resolved and transfusion dependence resolved after resection of the sequestration. The finding suggests the malformation vasculature was selectively vulnerable to the trigger of TA‐TMA—raising perhaps a clue to basic pathophysiology of TA‐TMA and/or vascular malformations.
Genetic structure and fungicide sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from grapevine in northern Italy
Authors: Campia P. , Venturini G. , Moreno‐Sanz P. , Casati P. , Toffolatti S. L. 
Published: November 2016

Grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a disease severely affecting grape production in northern Italy. However, little information is available on the variability of B. cinerea populations associated with grapevine. The mode of reproduction, sensitivity to fungicides, and for the first time in Italy, the genetic structure of B. cinerea populations isolated from grapevine in a northern Italian region are reported. Botrytis cinerea isolates (317) were completely genotyped for six microsatellite loci and characterized for the presence of the transposable elements Boty and Flipper, for the mating type and for resistance to cyprodinil, fludioxonil, boscalid and fenhexamid. All the isolates were found to belong to B. cinerea Group II, indicating the absence of B. pseudocinerea in the investigated areas. The populations possess a high genotypic diversity, different frequencies of transposable elements and a mixed mode of reproduction. At a regional level, B. cinerea populations belong to a large and interconnected pathogen population that includes the major grape‐growing districts. The populations were generally sensitive to fungicides, with a low proportion (8%) of isolates resistant to cyprodinil, fludioxonil and boscalid. A small genetic distance was found between B. cinerea populations. However, the populations geographically isolated from the others by a mountain range showed a small but statistically significant genetic differentiation and a different pattern of fungicide resistance. The results show that northern Italian B. cinerea populations possess a high evolutionary potential and adaptive capacity.
Spatial genetic structure and dispersal of the cacao pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Artero A. S. , Silva J. Q. , Albuquerque P. S. B. , Bressan E. A. , Leal G. A. , Sebbenn A. M. , Griffith G. W. , Figueira A. 
Published: November 2016

Moniliophthora perniciosa is the causal agent of witches’ broom in Theobroma cacao (cacao). Three biotypes of M. perniciosa are recognized, differing in host specificity, with two causing symptoms on cacao or Solanaceae species (C‐ and S‐biotypes), and the third found growing endophytically on lianas (L‐biotype). The objectives of this study were to clarify the genetic relationship between the three biotypes, and to identify those regions in the Brazilian Amazon with the greatest genetic diversity for the C‐biotype. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the rRNA ITS regions showed that the C‐ and S‐biotypes formed a well‐supported clade separated from the L‐biotype. Analysis of 131 isolates genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci found that S‐ and especially L‐biotypes showed a higher genetic diversity. A significant spatial genetic structure was detected for the C‐biotype populations in Amazonia for up to 137 km, suggesting ‘isolation by distance’ mode of dispersal. However, in regions containing extensive cacao plantings, C‐biotype populations were essentially ‘clonal’, as evidenced by high frequency of repeated multilocus genotypes. Among the Amazonian C‐biotype populations, Acre and West Amazon displayed the largest genotypic diversity and might be part of the centre of diversity of the fungus. The pathogen dispersal may have followed the direction of river flow downstream from Acre, Rondônia and West Amazon eastward to the rest of the Amazon valley, where cacao is not endemic. The Bahia population exhibited the lowest genotypic diversity, but high allele richness, suggesting multiple invasions, with origin assigned to Rondônia and West Amazon, possibly through isolates from the Lower Amazon population.
Physiological markers of exercise capacity and lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Smith Laurie , Reilly Charles C. , MacBean Victoria , Jolley Caroline J. , Elston Caroline , Moxham John , Rafferty Gerrard F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePeak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) is an important outcome measure in cystic fibrosis (CF), but measurement is not widely available and can be influenced by patient motivation, pain and fatigue. Alternative markers of disease severity would be helpful. Neural respiratory drive, measured using parasternal intercostal muscle electromyography (EMGpara), reflects the load to capacity balance of the respiratory system and provides a composite measure of pulmonary function impairment in CF. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between exercise capacity, EMGpara and established measures of pulmonary function in clinically stable adult CF patients.MethodsTwenty CF patients (12 males, median (range) age: 22.3 (17.0–43.1) years) performed the 10‐m incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) maximally with contemporaneous measures of aerobic metabolism. EMGpara was recorded from second intercostal space at rest and normalized using peak electromyogram activity obtained during maximum respiratory manoeuvres and expressed as EMGpara%max (EMGpara expressed as a percentage of maximum).Results
VO2peak was strongly correlated with ISWT distance (r = 0.864, P < 0.0001). Lung gas transfer (TLCO) % predicted was best correlated with VO2peak (r = 0.842, P < 0.0001) and ISWT distance (r = 0.788, P < 0.0001). EMGpara%max also correlated with VO2peak (−0.757, P < 0.0001), while the relationships between exercise outcome measures and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1
) % predicted and forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted were less strong. A TLCO% predicted of <70.5% was the strongest predictor of VO2peak <32 mL/min/kg (area under the curve (AUC): 0.96, 100% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity). ISWT distance and EMGpara%max also performed well, with other pulmonary function variables demonstrating poorer predictive ability.Conclusion
TLCO% predicted and EMGpara%max relate strongly to exercise performance markers in CF and may provide alternative predictors of lung disease progression.
History Matching of A Complex Epidemiological Model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission By Using Variance Emulation
Authors: Andrianakis I. , Vernon I. , McCreesh N. , McKinley T. J. , Oakley J. E. , Nsubuga R. N. , Goldstein M. , White R. G. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryComplex stochastic models are commonplace in epidemiology, but their utility depends on their calibration to empirical data. History matching is a (pre)calibration method that has been applied successfully to complex deterministic models. In this work, we adapt history matching to stochastic models, by emulating the variance in the model outputs, and therefore accounting for its dependence on the model's input values. The method proposed is applied to a real complex epidemiological model of human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda with 22 inputs and 18 outputs, and is found to increase the efficiency of history matching, requiring 70% of the time and 43% fewer simulator evaluations compared with a previous variant of the method. The insight gained into the structure of the human immunodeficiency virus model, and the constraints placed on it, are then discussed.
Rocking the boat: does perfect rowing crew synchronization reduce detrimental boat movements?
Authors: Cuijpers L. S. , Passos P. J. M. , Murgia A. , Hoogerheide A. , Lemmink K. A. P. M. , de Poel H. J. 
Published: November 2016

In crew rowing, crew members need to mutually synchronize their movements to achieve optimal crew performance. Intuitively, poor crew coordination is often deemed to involve additional boat movements such as surge velocity fluctuations, heave, pitch, and roll, which would imply lower efficiency (eg, due to increased hydrodynamic drag). The aim of this study was to investigate this alleged relation between crew coordination and boat movements at different stroke rates. Fifteen crews of two rowers rowed in a double scull (ie, a two‐person boat) at 18, 22, 26, 30, and 34 strokes per minute. Oar angles (using potentiometers) and movements of the boat (using a three‐axial accelerometer‐gyroscope sensor) were measured (200 Hz). Results indicated that crew synchronization became more consistent with stroke rate, while surge, heave, and pitch fluctuations increased. Further, within each stroke rate condition, better crew synchronization was related to less roll of the boat, but increased fluctuations regarding surge, heave, and pitch. Together this demonstrates that while better crew synchronization relates to enhanced lateral stability of the boat, it inevitably involves more detrimental boat movements and hence involves lower biomechanical efficiency.
Seasonal differences in tillage draught on a sandy loam soil with long‐term additions of animal manure and mineral fertilizers
Authors: Peltre C. , Nyord T. , Christensen B. T. , Jensen J. L. , Thomsen I. K. , Munkholm L. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEnergy requirements for soil tillage are closely linked to soil properties, such as clay, water and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Long‐term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments affects SOC content but little is known about seasonal differences in tillage draught requirements of soils subject to contrasting nutrient management regimes. We assessed autumn and spring tillage draught following harvest of early‐sown and timely sown winter wheat grown on a sandy loam in the Askov Long‐Term Experiment on Animal Manure and Mineral Fertilizers. Draught force was related to soil texture, soil water and SOC content, shear strength and bulk density, nutrient management, and yield of the preceding winter wheat. Contents of clay and SOC ranged from 8.9 to 10.6% and from 0.98 to 1.36%, respectively. In the autumn and spring, SOC normalized by clay content explained 38 and 5% of the variation in specific draught, respectively. Specific draught did not differ significantly among individual fertilization treatments. SOC was closely correlated with clay and water contents and bulk density, and with yield of the preceding wheat. Draught force was significantly smaller in the spring than in the autumn. In the autumn when soils were drier (−700 hPa), tillage draught was correlated with several soil characteristics, whereas water content was the dominating parameter in the spring when soils were wetter (−100 hPa). The range of SOC contents observed in this study aligns with that observed in Danish sandy loams under intensive cultivation, and within this range, SOC per se had little effect on draught requirements.
A paired comparison of thawed and liquid plasma
Authors: Backholer Lucy , Green Laura , Huish Sian , Platton Sean , Wiltshire Michael , Doughty Heidi , Curnow Elinor , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDTo make plasma readily available to treat major hemorrhage, some centers are internationally using either thawed plasma (TP) or “never‐frozen” liquid plasma (LP). Despite the routine use of both, there are limited data comparing the two. The hemostatic properties of LP were evaluated and compared to TP in a paired study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwo ABO‐matched plasma units were pooled and split to produce 1 unit for LP and 1 unit for TP. Samples of TP and LP, stored at 2 to 6°C, were tested for a range of coagulation factors, thrombin generation, and rotational thromboelastometry. An additional 119 units of LP were collected and analyzed for markers of contact activation (S‐2302 cleavage) and cellular content.RESULTSLP and TP were compared, up to 7 days of storage, with results showing no difference in the rate of change over time for any variable measured. When compared to Day 5, LP on Day 7 showed no difference for any factors measured; however, on Day 11 Factor (F)II, FV, FVII, and protein S (activity) were lower. Analysis of 119 LP units showed that 26 of 119 (22%) exhibited cold‐induced contact activation by Day 28.CONCLUSIONLP and TP were comparable in terms of hemostatic variables up to 7 days of storage. Decreasing coagulation factor activity along with an increased activation risk during storage of LP needs to be balanced against availability to supply and clinical need when considering using LP with more than 7 days of storage.
Calibration of the TonoVet and Tono‐Pen Vet tonometers in the porcine eye
Authors: Lewin Andrew C. , Miller Paul E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe pig has an increasingly important role in ocular drug delivery models, but the most accurate tonometer in this species is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of TonoVet and Tono‐Pen Vet tonometers in theex vivoporcine eye.ProcedureFour freshly enucleated normal porcine eyes were cannulated with two 25‐gauge needles; one connected via tubing to a mercury manometer calibrated continuous physiologic recorder and the other connected to a reservoir of lactated Ringer's solution on an adjustable stand. TriplicateIOPreadings were taken with the TonoVet and then the Tono‐Pen Vet at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 mmHg.ResultsLinear regression showed strong linear trends for both the TonoVet (r2= 0.969) and Tono‐Pen Vet (r2= 0.983). The TonoVet slightly underestimatedIOPat lower pressures and slightly overestimatedIOPat higher pressures (y= 1.092x− 4.0, wherey= tonometer reading,x= manometer reading, and 4.0 = intercept). The Tono‐Pen Vet consistently underestimatedIOP(y= 0.773x− 2.1). These differences were statistically significant (P= <0.001, one‐way repeated‐measuresANOVA).ConclusionAs in other species, both the TonoVet and Tono‐Pen Vet tonometers do not measure trueIOPin the porcine eye; however, the TonoVet more closely approximated trueIOPin the normal porcine eye than the Tono‐Pen Vet and may be the tonometer of choice for this species.
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using membrane bioreactor‐ozonation system
Authors: Shahbeig Hossein , Mehrnia Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Ahmad Reza , Moghaddam Pegah Eivanpoor , Rouini Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of ozonation with pharmaceutical compounds on membrane bioreactor (MBR). The result has shown that high concentrations of pharmaceutical contaminants have caused destruction of cell wall, thereby reducing mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). It also resulted in high amounts of biopolymers in the presence of non‐biodegradable pharmaceutical compound in MBR. As a result, biological removal decreased and membrane fouling happened. Ozonation treatment reached a chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 99.9% and caused better effluent quality. The MBR‐ozonation process could achieve an acetaminophen and fluoxetine removal of around 98.4 and 57.83%, respectively.