bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Atypical Case of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy
Authors: Haskes Cheryl , Santapaola Shannon , Zinn Jordan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE
This is a case presentation of paracentral acute middle maculopathy in a 33-year-old white man with borderline hyperlipidemia. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy was originally thought to be a variant of acute macular neuroretinopathy; however, it is now generally accepted that these two conditions are separate disease entities. The etiology, evolution, and pathophysiology of acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy are discussed, as well as current diagnostic techniques.

CASE REPORT
A 33-year-old white man with borderline hyperlipidemia presented with an acute, small paracentral scotoma involving the left eye. Clinical examination revealed a small wedge-shaped retinal lesion that corresponded to scotoma. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography of the lesion demonstrated irregularity in the middle retina, whereas fluorescein angiography showed subtle hypofluorescence of the lesion. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography was facilitated in monitoring retinal changes as the patient continued to have a persistent scotoma despite resolution of the retinal lesion.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinically, acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy present in very similar fashions with localized scotomas, blurry vision, and subtle retinal lesions that can be difficult to discern funduscopically. At this time, there is no ocular treatment for either condition, but observation and patient education regarding possibly persistent scotomas are necessary. This atypical case highlights paracentral acute middle maculopathy in a relatively young man with a systemic history significant only for borderline hyperlipidemia. Eye care providers should be familiar with acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy to enable them to perform appropriate diagnostic testing and to identify patients who require a systemic disease evaluation.
Engagement in Pleasant Leisure Activities and Blood Pressure: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study in Alzheimer Caregivers
Authors: Mausbach Brent T. , Romero-Moreno Rosa , Bos Taylor , von Känel Roland , Ziegler Michael G. , Allison Matthew A. , Mills Paul J. , Dimsdale Joel E. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Losada Andrés , Márquez-González María , Patterson Thomas L. , Grant Igor 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Elevated blood pressure is a significant public health concern, particularly given its association with cardiovascular disease risk, including stroke. Caring for a loved one with Alzheimer disease has been associated with physical health morbidity, including higher blood pressure. Engagement in adaptive coping strategies may help prevent blood pressure elevation in this population. This 5-year longitudinal study examined whether greater participation in pleasant leisure activities was associated with reduced blood pressure in caregivers.

Methods
Participants were 126 in-home spousal Alzheimer's caregivers (M [SD] age = 74.2 [7.9] years) that completed five yearly assessments. Linear mixed-effects models analysis was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between pleasant leisure activities and caregivers' blood pressure, after adjusting for demographic and health characteristics.

Results
Greater engagement in pleasant leisure activities was associated with reduced mean arterial blood pressure (B = −0.08, SE = 0.04, p = .040). Follow-up analyses indicated that engagement in activities was significantly associated with reduced diastolic (B = −0.07, SE = 0.03, p = .030) but not systolic blood pressure (B = −0.10, SE = 0.06, p = .114). In addition, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced when caregiving duties ended because of placement of care recipients in nursing homes (B = −3.10, SE = 1.11, p = .005) or death of the care recipient (B = −2.64, SE = 1.14, p = .021).

Conclusions
Greater engagement in pleasant leisure activities was associated with lowered caregivers' blood pressure over time. Participation in pleasant leisure activities may have cardiovascular health benefits for Alzheimer's caregivers.
Identification of uterine pacemaker regions at the myometrial-placental interface
Authors: Lutton E. Josiah , Lammers Wim J. E. P. , James Sean , van den Berg Hugo A. , Blanks Andrew M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoordinated uterine contractions at the end of gestation are essential for delivering viable offspring in mammals. Contractions are initiated by an electrical signal at the plasma membrane of uterine muscle cells, leading to voltage-dependent calcium entry, and subsequent activation of the intracellular contractile machinery. In contrast to other visceral smooth muscles, it is not known where excitation within the uterus is initiated, and no defined pacemaking region has hitherto been identified. Using a combination of multi-electrode array recordings and high-resolution computational reconstruction of the three-dimensional micro-structure of late pregnant rat uterus, we demonstrate that electrical potentials are initiated in distinct structures within the placental bed of individual implantation sites. These previously unidentified structures represent modified smooth muscle bundles that are derived from bridges between the longitudinal and circular layers. Coordinated implantation and encapsulation by invading trophoblast give rise to isolated placental/myometrial interface bundles that directly connect to the overlying longitudinal smooth muscle layer. Furthermore, the numerous bridge structures co-localise with the vascular network located between the longitudinal and circular layers. Taken together, these observations imply that the anatomical structure of the uterus, combined with site-specific implantation, gives rise to emergent patterns of electrical activity that drive effective contractility during parturition. The identification of the pacemaking zones of the uterus has important consequences for the treatment of disorders of parturition such as preterm labor, postpartum hemorrhage and uterine dystocia.
VipA N-terminal linker and VipB-VipB interaction modulate the contraction of Type VI secretion system sheath
Authors: Brackmann Maximilian , Wang Jing , Basler Marek 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSecretion systems are essential for bacteria to survive and manipulate their environment. The bacterial Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) generates the force needed for protein translocation by the contraction of a long polymer called sheath, which is composed of interconnected VipA/VipB subunits forming a six-start helix. The mechanism of T6SS sheath contraction and the structure of its extended state are unknown. Here we show that elongating the N-terminal VipA linker or eliminating charge of a specific VipB residue abolished sheath contraction and delivery of effectors into target cells. The assembly of the non-contractile sheaths was dependent on the baseplate component TssE and mass-spectrometry analysis identified Hcp, VgrG and other components of the T6SS baseplate specifically associated with stable non-contractile sheaths. The ability to lock T6SS in the pre-firing state opens new possibilities for understanding its mode of action.
Predator-secreted sulfolipids induce fear-like defense responses in C. elegans
Authors: Liu Zheng , Kariya Maro J. , Chute Christopher D. , Pribadi Amy K. , Leinwand Sarah G. , Tong Ada , Curran Kevin P. , Bose Neelanjan , Schroeder Frank C. , Srinivasan Jagan , Chalasani Sreekanth H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnimals respond to predators by altering their behavior and physiological states, but the underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. Using the interactions between Caenorhabditis elegans and its predator, Pristionchus pacificus, we show that neuronal perception by C. elegans of a predator-specific molecular signature induces instantaneous escape behavior and a prolonged reduction in oviposition. Chemical analysis revealed this predator-specific signature to consist of a class of sulfolipids, produced by a biochemical pathway required for developing predacious behavior and specifically induced by starvation. These sulfolipids are detected by four pairs of C. elegans amphid sensory neurons that act redundantly and recruit cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to drive both escape and reduced oviposition. Specific abolishment of predator-evoked C. elegans responses by the anti-anxiety drug sertraline as well as functional homology of the delineated signaling pathways suggests a conserved or convergent strategy for managing predator threats.
A set of Columbia-0-specific single nucleotide polymorphism markers for the genetic analysis of natural variation inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lutz Ulrich , Schwechheimer Claus 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenetic markers are important tools for the study of natural and induced genetic variation. Due to the strong increase in the number of genome sequences, an overview of the genomic diversity of many natural strains from individual species could be gained. This allows for the design of markers for flexible use and cost-efficient small scale genetic studies requiring minimal laboratory and bioinformatics effort. Here, we describe 140 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with genome-wide distribution that discriminate between the genotype of the commonArabidopsis thalianareference accession Columbia-0 (Col-0) and the majority ofArabidopsis thalianaaccessions that have been sequenced to date. We designed, generated and validated the markers using the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) technology and made all 140SNPvCol marker assays publicly available through a service provider. Through the integration of available genomic SNP allele information of 1,135 accessions, we found that 120 of these 140 markers could detect non-reference alleles in 647 accessions and more than 100 markers showed non-reference alleles in 1,094 accessions. We further show that the marker set can be used for the verification or identification of accessions of unknown identity. As the KASP methodology is very flexible, an optimal marker subset can be easily selected among the available 140SNPvCol markers presented here to analyze genetic combinations of Col-0 with any other accession.
An integrative strategy to identify the entire protein coding potential of prokaryotic genomes by proteogenomics
Authors: Omasits Ulrich , Varadarajan Adithi R. , Schmid Michael , Goetze Sandra , Melidis Damianos , Bourqui Marc , Nikolayeva Olga , Québatte Maxime , Patrignani Andrea , Dehio Christoph , Frey Juerg E. , Robinson Mark D. , Wollscheid Bernd , Ahrens Christian H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccurate annotation of all protein-coding sequences (CDSs) is an essential prerequisite to fully exploit the rapidly growing repertoire of completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes. However, large discrepancies among the number of CDSs annotated by different resources, missed functional short open reading frames (sORFs), and overprediction of spurious ORFs represent serious limitations.Our strategy towards accurate and complete genome annotation consolidates CDSs from multiple reference annotation resources,ab initiogene prediction algorithms andin silicoORFs in an integrated proteogenomics database (iPtgxDB) that covers the entire protein-coding potential of a prokaryotic genome. By extending the PeptideClassifier concept of unambiguous peptides for prokaryotes, close to 95% of the identifiable peptides imply one distinct protein, largely simplifying downstream analysis. Searching a comprehensiveBartonella henselaeproteomics dataset against such an iPtgxDB allowed us to unambiguously identify novel ORFs uniquely predicted by each resource, including lipoproteins, differentially expressed and membrane-localized proteins, novel start sites and wrongly annotated pseudogenes. Most novelties were confirmed by targeted, parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, including unique ORFs and variants identified in a re-sequenced laboratory strain that are not present in its reference genome. We demonstrate the general applicability of our strategy for genomes with varying GC content and distinct taxonomic origin, and release iPtgxDBs forB. henselae,Bradyrhozibium diazoefficiensandEscherichia colias well as the software to generate such proteogenomics search databases for any prokaryote.
The Representational Dynamics of Task and Object Processing in Humans
Authors: Hebart M. N. , Bankson B. B. , Harel A. , Baker C. I. , Cichy R. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite the importance of an observer’s goals in determining how a visual object is categorized, surprisingly little is known about how humans process the task context in which objects occur and how it may interact with the processing of objects. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivariate techniques, we studied the spatial and temporal dynamics of task and object processing. Our results reveal a sequence of separate but overlapping task-related processes spread across frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortex. Task exhibited late effects on object processing by selectively enhancing task-relevant object features, with limited impact on the overall pattern of object representations. Combining MEG and fMRI data, we reveal a parallel rise in task-related signals throughout the cerebral cortex, with an increasing dominance of task over object representations from early to higher visual areas. Collectively, our results reveal the complex dynamics underlying task and object representations throughout human cortex.
Habits are negatively regulated by HDAC3 in the dorsal striatum
Authors: Malvaez Melissa , Greenfield Venuz Y. , Matheos Dina P. , Angelillis Nicolas A. , Murphy Michael D. , Kennedy Pamela J. , Wood Marcelo A. , Wassum Kate. M. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYOptimal behavior results from a balance of control between two strategies, one cognitive/goal-directed and one habitual, which rely on the anatomically distinct dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum, respectively. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms required to learn and transition between these strategies are unknown. Here we identified a critical negative regulator of habit learning. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition following instrumental conditioning accelerated habitual control of behavior. HDAC3, a transcriptional repressor, was removed from the promoters of learning-related genes in the dorsal striatum as habits formed with overtraining and with post-training HDAC inhibition. Decreasing HDAC3 function in the DLS accelerated habit formation, while DLS HDAC3 overexpression prevented habit. HDAC3 activity in the DMS was also found to constrain habit formation. These results challenge the strict dissociation between DMS and DLS function in goal-directed v. habitual behavioral control and identify dorsal striatal HDAC3 as a critical molecular substrate of the transition to habit.
Towards dynamic and interdisciplinary frameworks for school-based mental health promotion
Authors: O’Toole Catriona 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise two ostensibly disparate approaches to school-based mental health promotion and offer a conceptual foundation for considering possible synergies between them.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines current conceptualisations of child and youth mental health and explores how these inform school-based prevention and intervention approaches. The dominance of discrete, “expert-driven” psychosocial programmes as well as the potential of critical pedagogy is explored using frameworks provided by contemporary dynamic systems theories. These theories call for a situated and holistic understanding of children’s development; and they look beyond static characteristics within individuals, to view well-being in relation to the dynamic social and historical contexts in which children develop.

Findings
Psychosocial interventions and critical pedagogies have strengths but also a number of limitations. Traditional psychosocial interventions teach important skill sets, but they take little account of children’s dynamic socio-cultural contexts, nor acknowledge the broader inequalities that are frequently a root cause of children’s distress. Critical pedagogies, in turn, are committed to social justice goals, but these goals can be elusive or seem unworkable in practice. By bringing these seemingly disparate approaches into conversation, it may be possible to harness their respective strengths, in ways that are faithful to the complex, emergent nature of children’s development, as well as committed to correcting inequalities.

Originality/value
The current paper is unique in bringing together contemporary psychological theory with critical pedagogy perspectives to explore the future of school-based mental health promotion.
Adopting a virtual learning environment towards enhancing students’ self-efficacy
Authors: McKenna Gary , Baxter Gavin , Hainey Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a semi-experimental study conducted over a period of two years of five degree programmes using a web-based personal tutoring system to enhance learner engagement and students’ self-efficacy, towards using personal development planning (PDP) e-portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a semi-experimental approach using quantitative methods utilising a pre- and post-test design in the form of a general self-efficacy questionnaire inventory.

Findings
The study investigated the extent to which using a virtual learning environment web-based personal tutoring system (VLE WBPTS) can impact positively on the learners’ self-efficacy of the students’ undertaking a degree programme which promotes engagement with PDP e-portfolios.

Research limitations/implications
More empirical research is required to establish whether PDP and e-portfolios have a positive effect on students’ perceived self-efficacy. Further testing is required to establish whether the VLE WBPTS can have a positive effect on other beneficial elements associated with PDP and e-portfolio usage such as students: learning styles, learner conscientiousness, reflective thinking and effective learner skills.

Practical implications
The introduction of interventions that involve the utilisation of a VLE WBPTS may have a more significant impact and yield positive results when the period of usage is extended beyond the initial period of six weeks to a minimum period of 12 weeks.

Originality/value
This study was one of few studies to use a pre/post-test design to collect and analyse empirical data about whether a VLE WBPTS can have a positive effect on students’ self-efficacy towards using PDP e-portfolios.
Picking a hill to die on: discreet activism, leadership and social justice in education
Authors: Ryan James , Tuters Stephanie 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a study that explores the discreet activist strategies of educational leaders who promote social justice.

Design/methodology/approach
Part of a larger project, this study employed qualitative methods. In particular, researchers interviewed 26 leaders – principals, vice principals, department heads, and central office officials who presided over both homogeneous and diverse schools, departments, and districts in and around a large Canadian city. Data were analyzed during and after data collection, and themes were identified, explored, and described.

Findings
Given the resistance they faced in their efforts to promote social justice, leaders found that they had to be strategic in their efforts. In particular, they had to position themselves in ways that reduced their visibility and increased their credibility. When they took action, they tended to adopt subtle rather than obvious strategies.

Originality/value
The harsh reality for activist educational leaders who promote social justice is that they will likely have to be strategic in the way they go about their work. Given the nature of their relationships with the organizations in which they work and the power differentials within which they operate, educational leaders may have to adopt low key or discreet strategies if they are to successfully promote their social justice agendas.
Inquiry-based leadership
Authors: Uiterwijk-Luijk Lisette , Krüger Meta , Zijlstra Bonne , Volman Monique 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of psychological factors that influence inquiry-based leadership. This study investigates how affective attitude, experienced social pressure, and self-efficacy relate to aspects of inquiry-based school leadership. A school leader’s inquiry habit of mind, data literacy, and the extent to which he or she creates a culture of inquiry in the school are each identified as aspects of inquiry-based leadership.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from questionnaires completed by a sample of 79 school leaders.FindingsA significant relationship was found between self-efficacy regarding inquiry-based leadership and all aspects of inquiry-based leadership. Affective attitude toward inquiry-based leadership was significantly related to creating a culture of inquiry. There was no unique relationship between experienced social pressure and inquiry-based leadership.Practical implicationsAdministrators and educators of school leaders who aim to stimulate inquiry-based school leadership should not only focus on increasing the capacity of school leaders to lead their school in an inquiry-based way, but they should also focus on leaders’ self-efficacy and on fostering leaders’ positive attitude toward inquiry-based school leadership. Administrators and educators can, for example, give positive feedback, emphasize the added value of inquiry-based leadership, encourage working with critical friends, and stimulate collaboration with other leaders.Originality/valueThis study addresses two gaps in the existing research, by focusing on inquiry-based leadership instead of data use and on psychological factors instead of knowledge and skills that are related to this type of leadership.