bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement of infrared temporal artery thermometry with other thermometry methods in adults: systematic review
Authors: Kiekkas Panagiotis , Stefanopoulos Nikolaos , Bakalis Nick , Kefaliakos Antonios , Karanikolas Menelaos 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo critically review and synthesise the evidence on the agreement of temporal artery thermometry with invasive and noninvasive thermometry methods in hospitalised adults.BackgroundNoninvasive thermometry methods aim at combining patient comfort and ease of use with satisfactory accuracy of temperature measurements. Infrared temporal artery thermometry is based on the detection of heat radiated from this artery in the forehead and temporal region.DesignSystematic literature review.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Pubmed,CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase. Data were extracted from twenty method‐comparison studies published between 2002–2015. Methodological quality of selected studies was evaluated.ResultsTemperature measurements of temporal artery were compared with pulmonary artery, urinary bladder, oesophageal or nasopharyngeal ones in eight studies for the whole temperature range. Accuracy and precision of temporal artery thermometry exceeded recommended levels of 0·3°C in three and six studies respectively. Likewise, in nine studies that compared temporal artery temperature measurements with oral and ear‐based ones, satisfactory agreement and variability was reported in five and none of them respectively. With regard to fever and hypothermia, although specificity of temporal artery thermometers for detecting these disorders was satisfactory, their sensitivity was low.ConclusionsExisting evidence does not support that temporal artery thermometry can replace common invasive and noninvasive thermometry methods in adult patients.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth care professionals are recommended to avoid the use of infrared temporal artery temporal artery thermometry in adults, or be cautious about the accuracy and precision of its readings, until improved devices are developed.
Factors related to falls, weight‐loss and pressure ulcers – more insight in risk assessment among nursing home residents
Authors: Lannering Christina , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Midlöv Patrik , Östgren Carl‐Johan , Mölstad Sigvard 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe how the included items in three different scales, Downton Fall Risk Index, the short form of Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Modified Norton Scale are associated to severe outcomes as falls, weight loss and pressure ulcers.BackgroundFalls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers are common adverse events among nursing home residents and risk scoring are common preventive activities, mainly focusing on single risks. In Sweden the three scales are routinely used together with the purpose to improve the quality of prevention.DesignLongitudinal quantitative study.MethodsDescriptive analyses and Cox regression analyses.ResultsOnly 4% scored no risk for any of these serious events. Longitudinal risk scoring showed significant impaired mean scores indicating increased risks. This confirms the complexity of this population's status of general condition. There were no statistical significant differences between residents categorised at risk or not regarding events. Physical activity increased falls, but decreased pressure ulcers. For weight loss, cognitive decline and the status of general health were most important.ConclusionsRisk tendencies for falls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers are high in nursing homes, and when measure them at the same time the majority will have several of these risks. Items assessing mobility or items affecting mobility were of most importance. Care processes can always be improved and this study can add to the topic.Relevance to clinical practiceA more comprehensive view is needed and prevention can not only be based on total scores. Mobility is an important factor for falls and pressure ulcers, both as a risk factor and a protective factor. This involves a challenge for care – to keep the inmates physical active and at the same time prevent falls.
WICKEDNESS IN SOCIAL CHOICE
Authors: Gaertner Wulf Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn an article from 1973, Rittel and Webber distinguished between ‘tame’ or ‘benign’ problems on the one hand and ‘wicked’ problems on the other. The authors argued that wicked problems occur in nearly all public policy issues. Since different groups adhere to different value‐sets, solutions can only be expressed as better or worse. By no means can they be viewed as definitive or objective. In this paper we consider, from this very angle, the theory of social choice which is about the aggregation of individual preferences with the aim to derive a consistent social preference. We show that collective choice offers wicked problems of various types which differ in their degree of severity. We hereby concentrate on welfare functions and voting schemes of different kinds and discuss these in the light of various criteria such as Arrow's independence condition, Condorcet consistency, monotonicity, manipulability, and other properties.
Validity and reliability of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire in a UK population
Authors: Ni Riordain Richeal , Hodgson Tim , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of a the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire in a UK populationMethodsTwo hundred patients with chronic oral mucosal disease (oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris) were enrolled in this study from the Oral Medicine Department of University College London Hospitals Trust (UCLHT) Eastman Dental Hospital. Individuals were interviewed using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire (COMDQ), and the construct validity and internal reliability were examined.ResultsOf the 200 study participants, 100 respondents had oral lichen planus, 42 had recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 58 had vesiculobullous conditions (mucous membrane pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris). With regard to construct validity, a moderate to good degree of convergent validity was found between OHIP‐14 and VAS and most subscales and the total COMDQ score except the patient support subscale of COMDQ (0.21–0.37).ConclusionCOMDQ is a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure for patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases in a UK population. It can be considered a valuable instrument in both clinical practice and in oral medicine research.
Evaluation of an oral health education session for Early Head Start home visitors
Authors: Glatt Kevin , Okunseri Christopher , Flanagan Diane , Simpson Pippa , Cao Yumei , Willis Earnestine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesHome visiting programs promote the education and health of Early Head Start (EHS) children and pregnant women. However, EHS's oral health component is unevenly implemented. We conducted an educational intervention to improve oral health knowledge and motivational interviewing techniques among Wisconsin EHS home visitors.MethodsA questionnaire assessing oral health‐related knowledge and confidence was administered to home visitors before and after an educational session. Changes between pre/post‐responses were analyzed with McNemar's test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.ResultsAfter the intervention there were increases in both knowledge and confidence related to oral health communication. Knowledge increases were observed in such topics as fluoridation, dental caries, and caregivers’ role in assisting and supervising children's tooth brushing.ConclusionsA brief educational intervention was associated with increased home visitor knowledge and confidence in communicating oral health messages to EHS caregivers and pregnant women.
Effect of Breed on Plasma Endothelin‐1 Concentration, Plasma Renin Activity, and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Höglund K. , Lequarré A.‐S. , Ljungvall I. , Mc Entee K. , Merveille A.‐C. , Wiberg M. , Gouni V. , Lundgren Willesen J. , Hanås S. , Wess G. , Mejer Sørensen L. , Tiret L. , Kierczak M. , Forsberg S.K.G. , Seppälä E. , Lindblad‐Toh K. , Lohi H. , Chetboul V. , Fredholm M. , Häggström J. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThere are breed differences in several blood variables in healthy dogs.ObjectiveInvestigate breed variation in plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) concentration, plasma renin activity, and serum cortisol concentration.AnimalsFive‐hundred and thirty‐one healthy dogs of 9 breeds examined at 5 centers (2–4 breeds/center).MethodsProspective observational study. Circulating concentrations of ET‐1 and cortisol, and renin activity, were measured using commercially available assays. Absence of organ‐related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigations, including blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, ECG, blood and urine analysis.ResultsMedian ET‐1 concentration was 1.29 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.97–1.82) pg/mL, median cortisol concentration 46.0 (IQR, 29.0–80.8) nmol/L, and median renin activity 0.73 (IQR, 0.48–1.10) ng/mL/h in all dogs. Overall, breed differences were found in ET‐1 and cortisol concentrations, and renin activity (P < .0001 for all). Pair‐wise comparisons between breeds differed in 67% of comparisons for ET‐1, 22% for cortisol, and 19% for renin activity, respectively. Within centers, breed differences were found at 5/5 centers for ET‐1, 4/5 centers for cortisol, and 2/5 centers for renin activity. Newfoundlands had highest median ET‐1 concentration, 3 times higher than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Doberman Pinschers, and Dachshunds. Median renin activity was highest in Dachshunds, twice the median value in Newfoundlands and Boxers. Median cortisol concentration was highest in Finnish Lapphunds, almost 3 times higher than in Boxers.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBreed variation might be important to take into consideration when interpreting test results in clinical studies.
Moose browsing, understorey structure and plant species composition across spruce budworm‐induced forest edges
Authors: Franklin Caroline M.A. , Harper Karen A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuestionTo what extent do forest edges created by an insect outbreak influence patterns of moose browsing severity, understorey structure and species composition?LocationBalsam fir‐dominated boreal forest in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia, CA.MethodsWe sampled understorey vegetation (moose browsing damage, sapling density, plant composition, diversity) in contiguous 1‐m2quadrats along six 120‐m transects across the forested edges of insect outbreak areas. Patterns of each response variable across the disturbed area–forest gradient were determined using generalized additive mixed models. Randomization tests and wavelet analyses were used to estimate the extent of edge/forest influence and location of abrupt change along the edge‐to‐interior gradient, respectively.ResultsMost saplings in the disturbed area were severely browsed and shorter than those in adjacent intact forest. Although moose preferred to browse on tall saplings, shorter saplings were severely browsed in the disturbed area. Compared to the forest, the disturbed area was characterized by more shade‐intolerant species, increased graminoid cover and reduced bryophyte cover. Distance of edge influence did not extend into the forest for almost all response variables. Abrupt changes in understorey vegetation occurred at various distances on both sides of the edge.ConclusionsSevere moose browsing in the disturbed area is preventing forest regeneration, resulting in the persistence of forest edges that would typically disappear after the collapse of an insect outbreak. Different assessments of the forest edge revealed different results; locations of abrupt change in understorey vegetation occurred even where plant communities were not significantly different than reference forest and disturbed areas. This study reveals that the combined effects of a small insect defoliator and a large ungulate can substantially affect landscape dynamics.
Estimates of Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations for Growth and Gonad Traits in Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala
Authors: Zhao Honghao , Zeng Cong , Wan Shiming , Dong Zaijie , Gao Zexia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBlunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, is an herbivorous freshwater fish and has been recognized as a main aquaculture species in the Chinese freshwater polyculture system. The objective of the study is to estimate the genetic parameters for growth, body shape, and gonad traits for M. amblycephala at 1 yr of age. The phenotypic analysis showed that coefficients of variation for gonad traits had large variation relative to the other traits analyzed, and there was no sexual dimorphism by comparing growth and body shape in M. amblycephala. Based on restricted maximum likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian methods using the animal model, the heritabilities of body weight (0.423–0.504), body length (0.309–0.678), body height (0.408–0.599), and dressed weight (0.359–0.643) were moderate and high, while the other traits, including conditional factor (0.029–0.199), body shape coefficient (0.095–0.405), edible ratio (0.073–0.207), gonad weight (0.018–0.170), and gonadosomatic index (0.050–0.222), had moderate or low heritabilities. High genetic and phenotypic correlations were found among growth traits, but not between growth traits and body shape or gonad traits except dressed weight. Based on our results, it could be efficient to combine the selection on body weight for fast growth and nonearly sexual maturity varieties of M. amblycephala breeding.
Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota in Intestinal Tracts of the Wild and Cultured Seahorses, Hippocampus trimaculatus (Leach)
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Yanhong , Li Feng , Lin Qiang 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTSeahorse aquaculture has been a focus for meeting the demand of Chinese traditional medicine and aquarium, and one of the bottlenecks for aquaculture is disease. The present study focused on the intestinal microbiota between wild and cultured seahorses. Results showed that the Alcaligenaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant intestinal flora in intestinal tracts of seahorses, and Achromobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Serratia sp. were the dominant intestinal flora. It was the first time that two strains (TPL14 and yb97) of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were found in cultured seahorses and even in fishes. Interestingly, Vibrio, which accounted for 19.35% of the intestinal bacterial communities, only occurred in the cultured seahorses, and it was strongly involved in the intestinal diseases in seahorse H. trimaculatus.
Petrographic and geochemical characterization of the granitic rocks of the Araguainha impact crater, Brazil
Authors: Silva Dailto , Lana Cristiano , de Souza Filho Carlos Roberto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPetrographic and geochemical data obtained on the Araguainha impact crater (Goiás/Mato Grosso States, Brazil) indicate the existence of several molten products that originated during impact‐induced congruent melting of an alkali‐granite exposed in the inner part of the central uplift of the structure. Although previous studies have described these melts to some extent, there is no detailed discussion on the petrographic and geochemical variability in the granite and its impactogenic derivatives, and therefore, little is known about the geochemical behavior and mobility of trace elements during its fusion in the central part of the Araguainha crater. This paper demonstrates that the preserved granitoid exposed in the core of the structure is a magnesium‐rich granite, similar to postcollisional, A‐type granites, also found in terrains outside the Araguainha crater, in the Brasília orogenic belt. The molten products are texturally distinct and different from the original rock, but have very similar geochemical composition, making it difficult to separate these lithotypes based on concentrations of major and minor elements. This also applies for trace and rare earth elements (REE), thus indicating a high degree of homogenization during impact‐induced congruent melting under high pressure and postshock temperature conditions. Petrographic observations, along with geochemical data, indicate that melting occurs selectively, where some of the elements are transported with the melt. Simultaneously, there is an effective dissolution of the rock (granite), which leads to entrainment of the most resistant solid phases (intact or partially molten minerals) into the melt. Minerals more resistant to melting, such as quartz and oxides, contribute substantially to a chemical balance between the preserved granite and the fusion products generated during the meteoritic impact.
Carbon and phosphorus exchange may enable cooperation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium
Authors: Zhang Lin , Xu Minggang , Liu Yu , Zhang Fusuo , Hodge Angela , Feng Gu 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transfer plant photosynthate underground which can stimulate soil microbial growth. In this study, we examined whether there was a potential link between carbon (C) release from an AMF and phosphorus (P) availability via a phosphate‐solubilizing bacterium (PSB).

We investigated the outcome of the interaction between the AMF and the PSB by conducting a microcosm and two Petri plate experiments. An in vitro culture experiment was also conducted to determine the direct impact of AMF hyphal exudates on growth of the PSB.

The AMF released substantial C to the environment, triggering PSB growth and activity. In return, the PSB enhanced mineralization of organic P, increasing P availability for the AMF. When soil available P was low, the PSB competed with the AMF for P, and its activity was not stimulated by the fungus. When additional P was added to increase soil available P, the PSB enhanced AMF hyphal growth, and PSB activity was also stimulated by the fungus.

Our results suggest that an AMF and a free‐living PSB interacted to the benefit of each other by providing the C or P that the other microorganism required, but these interactions depended upon background P availability.
Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition for Linear and Nonlinear Multivariate Models
Authors: Lanne Markku , Nyberg Henri 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe propose a new generalized forecast error variance decomposition with the attractive property that the proportions of the impact accounted for by innovations in each variable sum to unity. Our decomposition is based on the generalized impulse response function, and it can easily be obtained by simulation. The new decomposition is illustrated in an empirical application to US output growth and interest rate spread data.
Public Health Nurses' Activities for Suicide Prevention in Japan
Authors: Marutani Miki , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Kodama Shimpei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a major health issue worldwide, including in Japan. Japanese public health nurses (PHNs) play a distinctive role in suicide prevention, although few studies have delineated this role. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework that elucidates PHNs' activities for suicide prevention.Design and SampleSemi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2012–2013 with 15 PHNs who worked in Tokyo metropolitan regions. Data were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory, and a conceptual framework with seven categories was developed.ResultsThree phases that depict the PHNs' suicide prevention activities emerged. Phase I, Pursuing to understand suicide cases, included two categories: tracing back individual suicide cases and raising consciousness among the general public. Phase II, Spreading a web of care, included three categories: knitting a caring network, weaving regular programs into the web, and continuing to be a member of the web. Phase III, Maintaining motivation and commitment, included two categories: legitimatizing suicide prevention and cultivating continued commitment in the community.ConclusionThe activities of suicide prevention by PHNs included a process of developing a caring network that lead to the enhancement of the caring capacity of the community as a whole.
Effect of soil type, organic matter content, bulk density and saturation on clubroot severity and biofungicide efficacy
Authors: Gossen B. D. , Kasinathan H. , Deora A. , Peng G. , McDonald M. R. 
Published: January 2016

Growth room experiments were conducted to assess the interaction of soil type, biofungicides, soil compaction and pathotype/host on infection and symptom development caused byPlasmodiophora brassicae, the cause of clubroot onBrassicaspp. In two initial experiments, four soil types (peat soil, mineral soil, non‐calcareous sand, soil‐less mix), two biofungicides (Bacillus subtilis,Clonostachys rosea), and two pathotypes (3 and 6, Williams’ differential set) were assessed. Differences in clubroot severity associated with soil type were unexpectedly small and variable. Prestop (C. rosea) was often more effective than Serenade (B. subtilis) at reducing clubroot levels on peat and mineral soils, but less effective than Serenade on sand. Inoculation with pathotype 3 often resulted in a slightly higher mean severity than pathotype 6. The interaction of soil type × biofungicide was similar on both canola (B. napus) and Shanghai pak choy (B. rapasubsp.chinensis), whether the soil was kept saturated or allowed to drain after inoculation. The impact of soil type on biofungicide efficacy might explain, in part, why biofungicides are more effective in one location than another. The observation that clubroot severity in soil‐less mix was affected by compaction led to an investigation of soil bulk density. Severity was higher in soil‐less mix that was more compacted than in the initial experiments, and was lower in peat and mineral soils when soil bulk density was reduced by adding soil‐less mix. In this study, soil bulk density had a larger impact on clubroot than soil type, organic matter or pathotype.
Inheritance of virulence inFusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker in pines
Authors: Slinski S. L. , Kirkpatrick S. C. , Gordon T. R. 
Published: January 2016

Wildtype strains ofFusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker, were crossed to obtain an F1generation. Progeny of this cross were tested for virulence by inoculatingPinus radiataseedlings, and were found to induce a wide range of lesion lengths. Two strains from the F1generation that induced long lesions (= high virulence) were used as parents to produce an F2generation, followed by a second round of selection for high virulence to obtain an F3generation. Mean lesion lengths were not significantly different between the three generations (P ≥ 0.196). A parallel set of crosses was performed to select for low virulence by using progeny in the F1and F2generations that induced short lesions as parents for F2and F3generations, respectively. In this case, both rounds of selection resulted in a significant reduction in mean lesion length, from 33.8 ± 0.8 mm in the F1generation, to 19.7 ± 0.7 and 12.9 ± 0.7 mm in the F2and F3generations, respectively. Thus it is apparent thatF. circinatumretains the genetic capacity for avirulence to pines, which could reflect a lack of strong selection for virulence in nature. Progeny of a cross between high and low virulence parents manifested nearly continuous variation in lesion lengths, consistent with virulence being a quantitatively inherited trait. Based on this cross, broad‐sense heritability (H2) was determined to be 0.74, which suggests that virulence is under strong genetic control.