bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Crystalline C8‐BTBT Thin‐Film Transistors by Lateral Homo‐Epitaxial Growth on Printed Templates
Authors: Janneck Robby , Pilet Nicolas , Bommanaboyena Satya Prakash , Watts Benjamin , Heremans Paul , Genoe Jan , Rolin Cedric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHighly crystalline thin films of organic semiconductors offer great potential for fundamental material studies as well as for realizing high‐performance, low‐cost flexible electronics. The fabrication of these films directly on inert substrates is typically done by meniscus‐guided coating techniques. The resulting layers show morphological defects that hinder charge transport and induce large device‐to‐device variability. Here, a double‐step method for organic semiconductor layers combining a solution‐processed templating layer and a lateral homo‐epitaxial growth by a thermal evaporation step is reported. The epitaxial regrowth repairs most of the morphological defects inherent to meniscus‐guided coatings. The resulting film is highly crystalline and features a mobility increased by a factor of three and a relative spread in device characteristics improved by almost half an order of magnitude. This method is easily adaptable to other coating techniques and offers a route toward the fabrication of high‐performance, large‐area electronics based on highly crystalline thin films of organic semiconductors.
Tree‐Inspired Design for High‐Efficiency Water Extraction
Authors: Zhu Mingwei , Li Yiju , Chen Guang , Jiang Feng , Yang Zhi , Luo Xiaoguang , Wang Yanbin , Lacey Steven D. , Dai Jiaqi , Wang Chengwei , Jia Chao , Wan Jiayu , Yao Yonggang , Gong Amy , Yang Bao , Yu Zongfu , Das Siddhartha , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe solar steam process, akin to the natural water cycle, is considered to be an attractive approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, water extraction from groundwater, for example, has not been demonstrated using these existing technologies. Additionally, there are major unaddressed challenges in extracting potable water from seawater including salt accumulation and long‐term evaporation stability, which warrant further investigation. Herein, a high‐performance solar steam device composed entirely of natural wood is reported. The pristine, natural wood is cut along the transverse direction and the top surface is carbonized to create a unique bilayer structure. This tree‐inspired design offers distinct advantages for water extraction, including rapid water transport and evaporation in the mesoporous wood, high light absorption (≈99%) within the surface carbonized open wood channels, a low thermal conductivity to avoid thermal loss, and cost effectiveness. The device also exhibits long‐term stability in seawater without salt accumulation as well as high performance for underground water extraction. The tree‐inspired design offers an inexpensive and scalable solar energy harvesting and steam generation technology that can provide clean water globally, especially for rural or remote areas where water is not only scarce but also limited by water extraction materials and methods.
Oxidizing Properties of the Polysulfide Surfaces of Patronite VS4 and NbS3 Induced by (S2)2− Groups: Unusual Formation of Ag2S Nanoparticles
Authors: Kozlova Mariia N. , Grayfer Ekaterina D. , Poltarak Pavel A. , Artemkina Sofya B. , Cherkov Alexander G. , Kibis Lidiya S. , Boronin Andrei I. , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSimilarly to transition metal dichalcogenides akin to MoS2, transition metal polysulfides like tri‐ and tetrachalcogenide materials are nowadays incorporated into catalysts and composites used for energy conversion and storage, etc. However, polysulfide structures feature SS units, which make them strikingly different from the widely known MoS2 and other dichalcogenides. At the same time, their surface chemistry and its relation to properties are very little studied. Reported here is one of the first observations on the oxidizing properties of disulfide bridges (SS)2− forming surfaces in polysulfide crystals. Upon interaction with silver salts or silver nanoparticles, MoS2 acts as most supports, that is, it stabilizes metallic Ag at its surface; in contrast, curiously, patronite VS4 and NbS3 stabilize Ag2S nanoparticles under identical reducing conditions. The Ag/MoS2, Ag2S/NbS3, and Ag2S/VS4 samples are characterized with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Apparently, the unexpected formation of Ag2S is due to complex redox processes involving disulfide fragments –S–S– of nanorods VS4 or nanoribbons NbS3, which are absent in MoS2 nanosheets. This result is important for fundamental understanding of the properties of sulfur‐rich surfaces and also for contributing to the number of available synthetic paths toward Ag2S nanoparticles.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Branched N‐Acetyllactosamine Glycan Oligomers for Galectin‐3 Inhibition
Authors: Laaf Dominic , Steffens Hanna , Pelantová Helena , Bojarová Pavla , Křen Vladimír , Elling Lothar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present here a novel concept for the synthesis of branched N‐acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) glycan structures. Through a combination of sequential enzymatic and chemical reactions of Leloir‐glycosyltransferases, galactose oxidase and reductive amination, we obtained branched glycan oligomers with a variation of LacNAc and/or N′,N′′‐diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) glycan epitopes. Incorporation of a branching point was accomplished by an optimized galactose oxidase protocol rendering the C‐6 aldehyde functionality at the terminal galactose of a LacNAc oligomer. After glycan chain elongation by glycosyltransferases, the C‐6 aldehyde‐containing linear building block was conjugated with amine‐linker functionalized glycans. Methanol and a temperature of 50 °C were found to be optimum conditions for the α‐picoline borane‐catalyzed reductive amination. Chemically branched glycans were obtained in high synthetic yields (≈81%) in preparative batches. Product isolation was accomplished by preparative HPLC with good overall yields (>60%). The structural integrity was proven by ESI‐MS and NMR. The herein synthesized branched LacNAc oligomers feature a variation of Lac(di)NAc epitopes and were confirmed to be potent inhibitors of human galectin‐3 (Gal‐3). The branched decasaccharide with two LacdiNAc‐LacNAc branches ranks among the most potent poly‐LacNAc‐based Gal‐3 inhibitors so far.magnified image
High‐Mobility Transparent p‐Type CuI Semiconducting Layers Fabricated on Flexible Plastic Sheets: Toward Flexible Transparent Electronics
Authors: Yamada Naoomi , Ino Ryuichiro , Tomura Haruka , Kondo Yuumi , Ninomiya Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransparent p‐type CuI layers with high hole mobility can be fabricated on flexible plastic sheets, a system which has been unattainable with p‐type transparent oxide semiconductors. Mildly heat‐treated CuI layers have mobilities of ≈20 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are comparable to those of p‐type GaN epilayers. Highly transparent p–n diodes with sufficient rectification ratio (106) can be manufactured by employing a heterojunction of p‐type CuI and amorphous n‐type In‐Ga‐Zn‐O layers on plastic sheets. Thus, CuI can be regarded as an excellent transparent p‐type semiconductor for flexible transparent electronics.
A Facile Method to Fine‐Tune Polymer Aggregation Properties and Blend Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Using Donor Polymers with Randomly Distributed Alkyl Chains
Authors: Yao Huatong , Li Yunke , Hu Huawei , Chow Philip C. Y. , Chen Shangshang , Zhao Jingbo , Li Zhengke , Carpenter Joshua H. , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Yang Guofang , Liu Yuhang , Lin Haoran , Ade Harald , Yan He 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe device performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is strongly dependent on the blend morphology. One of the strategies for improving PSC performance is side‐chain engineering, which plays an important role in controlling the aggregation properties of the polymers and thus the domain crystallinity/purity of the donor–acceptor blends. In particular, for a family of high‐performance donor polymers with strong temperature‐dependent aggregation properties, the device performances are very sensitive to the size of alkyl chains, and the best device performance can only be achieved with an optimized odd‐numbered alkyl chain. However, the synthetic route of odd‐numbered alkyl chains is costly and complicated, which makes it difficult for large‐scale synthesis. Here, this study presents a facile method to optimize the aggregation properties and blend morphology by employing donor polymers with a mixture of two even‐numbered, randomly distributed alkyl chains. In a model polymer system, this study suggests that the structural and electronic properties of the random polymers comprising a mixture of 2‐octyldodecyl and 2‐decyltetradecyl alkyl chains can be systematically tuned by varying the mixing ratio, and a high power conversion efficiency (11.1%) can be achieved. This approach promotes the scalability of donor polymers and thus facilitates the commercialization of PSCs.
Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Coating on PbS Quantum Dot for Highly Efficient and Stable Infrared Light Converting Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Zhang Jindan , Phuyal Dibya , Du Juan , Tian Lei , Öberg Viktor A. , Johansson Malin B. , Cappel Ute B. , Karis Olof , Liu Jianhua , Rensmo Håkan , Boschloo Gerrit , Johansson Erik M. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolution‐processed colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells harvesting the infrared part of the solar spectrum are especially interesting for future use in semitransparent windows or multilayer solar cells. To improve the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the solar cells, surface passivation of the quantum dots is vital in the research of CQD solar cells. Herein, inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite (CsPbI3‐P) coating on PbS CQDs with a low‐temperature, solution‐processed approach is reported. The PbS CQD solar cell with CsPbI3‐P coating gives a high PCE of 10.5% and exhibits remarkable stability both under long‐term constant illumination and storage under ambient conditions. Detailed characterization and analysis reveal improved passivation of the PbS CQDs with the CsPbI3‐P coating, and the results suggest that the lattice coherence between CsPbI3‐P and PbS results in epitaxial induced growth of the CsPbI3‐P coating. The improved passivation significantly diminishes the sub‐bandgap trap‐state assisted recombination, leading to improved charge collection and therefore higher photovoltaic performance. This work therefore provides important insight to improve the CQD passivation by coating with an inorganic perovskite ligand for photovoltaics or other optoelectronic applications.
Short‐term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Prall Sean P. , Shattuck Eric C. , Stephen Ian D. , Stock Jay T. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Muehlenbein Michael P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesFollowing predictions from life history theory, we sought to identify acute trade‐offs between reproductive effort (as measured by psychological arousal) and somatic maintenance (via functional measures of innate immunity) during conditions of severe energetic imbalance.MethodsSixty‐six male ultramarathon runners (ages 20 to 37 years) were sampled before and after a lengthy race. Saliva and sera were collected for testosterone and immunological analyses (hemolytic complement activity and bacterial killing ability). Lean body mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, and libido was measured using a slideshow of arousing and neutral images.ResultsFollowing predictions, there was a significant decrease in salivary testosterone levels (109.59 pg/mL versus 97.61 pg/mL, P < .001) and arousal scores in response to provocative images (5.40 versus 4.89, P = .001) between prerace and postrace time points. Additionally, participant bacterial killing ability (P = .035) and hemolytic complement activity (P = .021) increased between prerace and postrace.ConclusionsDecreased libido and testosterone with concomitant heightened innate immune responses suggest a shift in energetic priorities away from reproduction and toward maintenance/defense during a period of energetic stress.
AnthropMMD: An R package with a graphical user interface for the mean measure of divergence
Authors: Santos Frédéric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mean measure of divergence is a dissimilarity measure between groups of individuals described by dichotomous variables. It is well suited to datasets with many missing values, and it is generally used to compute distance matrices and represent phenograms. Although often used in biological anthropology and archaeozoology, this method suffers from a lack of implementation in common statistical software. A package for the R statistical software, AnthropMMD, is presented here. Offering a dynamic graphical user interface, it is the first one dedicated to Smith's mean measure of divergence. The package also provides facilities for graphical representations and the crucial step of trait selection, so that the entire analysis can be performed through the graphical user interface. Its use is demonstrated using an artificial dataset, and the impact of trait selection is discussed. Finally, AnthropMMD is compared to three other free tools available for calculating the mean measure of divergence, and is proven to be consistent with them.
Peripheral nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis: Demonstration by magnetic resonance neurography
Authors: Jende Johann M. E. , Hauck Gesa H. , Diem Ricarda , Weiler Markus , Heiland Sabine , Wildemann Brigitte , Korporal‐Kuhnke Mirjam , Wick Wolfgang , Hayes John M. , Pfaff Johannes , Pham Mirko , Bendszus Martin , Kollmer Jennifer 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo detect and quantify peripheral nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).MethodsThirty‐six patients diagnosed with MS based on the 2010 McDonald criteria (34 with the relapsing–remitting form, 2 with clinically isolated syndrome) with and without disease‐modifying treatment were compared to 35 healthy age‐/sex‐matched volunteers. All patients underwent detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations. Three Tesla MRN with large anatomical coverage of both legs and the lumbosacral plexus was performed by using 2‐dimensional (2D) fat‐saturated, T2‐weighted (T2w) and dual echo turbo spin echo sequences as well as a 3D T2‐weighted, fat‐saturated SPACE sequence. Besides qualitative visual nerve assessment, a T2w signal quantification was performed by calculation of proton spin density and T2 relaxation time. Nerve diameter was measured as a morphometric criterion.ResultsT2w hyperintense nerve lesions were detectable in all MS patients, with a mean lesion number at thigh level of 151.5 ± 5.7 versus 19.1 ± 2.4 in controls (p < 0.0001). Nerve proton spin density was higher in MS (tibial/peroneal: 371.8 ± 7.7/368.9 ± 8.2) versus controls (tibial/peroneal: 266.0 ± 11.0/276.8 ± 9.7, p < 0.0001). In contrast, T2 relaxation time was significantly higher in controls (tibial/peroneal: 82.0 ± 2.1/78.3 ± 1.7) versus MS (tibial/peroneal: 64.3 ± 1.0/61.2 ± 0.9, p < 0.0001). Proximal tibial and peroneal nerve caliber was higher in MS (tibial: 52.4 ± 2.1mm2, peroneal: 25.4 ± 1.3mm2) versus controls (tibial: 45.2 ± 1.4mm2, p < 0.0015; peroneal: 21.3 ± 0.7mm2, p = 0.0049).InterpretationPeripheral nerve lesions could be visualized and quantified in MS in vivo by high‐resolution MRN. Lesions are defined by an increase of proton spin density and a decrease of T2 relaxation time, indicating changes in the microstructural organization of the extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve tissue in MS. By showing involvement of the peripheral nervous system in MS, this proof‐of‐concept study may offer new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of MS. Ann Neurol 2017;82:676–685
Prediction of phenotypic severity in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA
Authors: Knottnerus Suzan J. G. , Nijmeijer Stephanie C. M. , IJlst Lodewijk , te Brinke Heleen , van Vlies Naomi , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveMucopolysaccharidosis IIIA or Sanfilippo disease type A is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder presenting in early childhood, caused by an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase sulfamidase. New missense mutations, for which genotype–phenotype correlations are currently unknown, are frequently reported, hampering early prediction of phenotypic severity and efficacy assessment of new disease‐modifying treatments. We aimed to design a method to determine phenotypic severity early in the disease course.MethodsFifty‐three patients were included for whom skin fibroblasts and data on disease course and mutation analysis were available. Patients were phenotypically characterized on clinical data as rapidly progressing or slowly progressing. Sulfamidase activity was measured in fibroblasts cultured at 37 °C and at 30 °C.ResultsSulfamidase activity in fibroblasts from patients homozygous or compound heterozygous for a combination of known severe mutations remained below the limit of quantification under both culture conditions. In contrast, sulfamidase activity in fibroblasts from patients homozygous or compound heterozygous for a known mild mutation increased above the limit of quantification when cultured at 30 °C. With division on the basis of the patients' phenotype, fibroblasts from slowly progressing patients could be separated from rapidly progressing patients by increase in sulfamidase activity when cultured at 30 °C (p < 0.001, sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 93%).InterpretationPhenotypic severity strongly correlates with the potential to increase sulfamidase activity in fibroblasts cultured at 30 °C, allowing reliable distinction between patients with rapidly progressing or slowly progressing phenotypes. This method may provide an essential tool for assessment of treatment effects and for health care and life planning decisions. Ann Neurol 2017;82:686–696
Age, vascular health, and Alzheimer disease biomarkers in an elderly sample
Authors: Vemuri Prashanthi , Lesnick Timothy G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Knopman David S. , Lowe Val J. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Roberts Rosebud O. , Mielke Michelle M. , Machulda Mary M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between age, vascular health, and Alzheimer disease (AD) imaging biomarkers in an elderly sample.MethodsWe identified 430 individuals along the cognitive continuum aged >60 years with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. A subset of 329 individuals had fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. We ascertained presently existing cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (CMC) from health care records and used the summation of presence/absence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke as a surrogate for vascular health. We used global amyloid from Pittsburgh compound B PET, entorhinal cortex tau uptake (ERC‐tau) from tau‐PET, and neurodegeneration in AD signature regions from MRI and FDG‐PET as surrogates for AD pathophysiology. We dichotomized participants into CMC = 0 (CMC−) versus CMC > 0 (CMC+) and tested for age‐adjusted group differences in AD biomarkers. Using structural equation models (SEMs), we assessed the impact of vascular health on AD biomarker cascade (amyloid leads to tau leads to neurodegeneration) after considering the direct and indirect age, sex, and apolipoprotein E effects.ResultsCMC+ participants had significantly greater neurodegeneration than CMC− participants but did not differ by amyloid or ERC‐tau. The SEMs showed that (1) vascular health had a significant direct and indirect impact on neurodegeneration but not on amyloid; and (2) vascular health, specifically the presence of hyperlipidemia, had a significant direct impact on ERC‐tau.InterpretationVascular health had quantifiably greater impact on neurodegeneration in AD regions than on amyloid deposition. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between tau deposition and vascular health. Ann Neurol 2017;82:706–718
Imaging spinal cord atrophy in progressive myelopathies: HTLV‐I‐associated neurological disease (HAM/TSP) and multiple sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Azodi Shila , Nair Govind , Enose‐Akahata Yoshimi , Charlip Emily , Vellucci Ashley , Cortese Irene , Dwyer Jenifer , Billioux B. Jeanne , Thomas Chevaz , Ohayon Joan , Reich Daniel S. , Jacobson Steven 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivePrevious work measures spinal cord thinning in chronic progressive myelopathies, including human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Quantitative measurements of spinal cord atrophy are important in fully characterizing these and other spinal cord diseases. We aimed to investigate patterns of spinal cord atrophy and correlations with clinical markers.MethodsSpinal cord cross‐sectional area was measured in individuals (24 healthy controls [HCs], 17 asymptomatic carriers of HTLV‐1 (AC), 47 HAM/TSP, 74 relapsing‐remitting MS [RRMS], 17 secondary progressive MS [SPMS], and 40 primary progressive MS [PPMS]) from C1 to T10. Clinical disability scores, viral markers, and immunological parameters were obtained for patients and correlated with representative spinal cord cross‐sectional area regions at the C2 to C3, C4 to C5, and T4 to T9 levels. In 2 HAM/TSP patients, spinal cord cross‐sectional area was measured over 3 years.ResultsAll spinal cord regions are thinner in HAM/TSP (56 mm2 [standard deviation, 10], 59 [10], 23 [5]) than in HC (76 [7], 83 [8], 38 [4]) and AC (71 [7], 78 [9], 36 [7]). SPMS (62 [9], 66 [9], 32 [6]) and PPMS (65 [11], 68 [10], 35 [7]) have thinner cervical cords than HC and RRMS (73 [9], 77 [10], 37 [6]). Clinical disability scores (Expanded Disability Status Scale [p = 0.009] and Instituto de Pesquisas de Cananeia [p = 0.03]) and CD8+ T‐cell frequency (p = 0.04) correlate with T4 to T9 spinal cord cross‐sectional area in HAM/TSP. Higher cerebrospinal fluid HTLV‐1 proviral load (p = 0.01) was associated with thinner spinal cord cross‐sectional area. Both HAM/TSP patients followed longitudinally showed thoracic thinning followed by cervical thinning.InterpretationGroup average spinal cord cross‐sectional area in HAM/TSP and progressive MS show spinal cord atrophy. We further hypothesize in HAM/TSP that is possible that neuroglial loss from a thoracic inflammatory process results in anterograde and retrograde degeneration of axons, leading to the temporal progression of thoracic to cervical atrophy described here. Ann Neurol 2017;82:719–728.
Chaos‐related Localization in Modulated Lattice Array
Authors: Li Liping , Wang Bo , Lü Xin‐You , Wu Ying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper will discuss the chaos‐related localization in a lattice array with an external periodical field acted on a boundary site that allows us to realize the controllable chaotic dynamics with a tunable driving frequency. Two types of chaos‐related localization, short‐term and long‐term localization, which are closely related to the degree of chaos are reported and may provide a way to realize switching from chaos‐related localization to chaos‐assisted tunneling. Interestingly, with the increase of nonlinearity, driving frequency or even second‐order coupling, there always exists a parameter window with sharp edges for long‐term localization which facilitates us to find the thresholds to control the system into or out of localization region. In addition, the numerical results further demonstrate that the initial phase of the driving field may greatly influence the degree of the chaos. These results can be extended to finite driven N‐site system and may deepen our understanding of chaos‐related localization in nonlinear driving system.