bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on hybrid MS‐CA system for post‐combustion CO2 capture
Authors: Jiang Yanchi , Zhang Zhongxiao , Fan Haojie , Fan Junjie , An Haiquan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA lab‐scale hybrid membrane separation‐chemical absorption (MS‐CA) system for a post‐combustion process was implemented by combining a hollow‐fibre membrane module and a packed column in series. A solution‐diffusion model and double‐film theory were adopted to investigate the mass‐transfer performance of membrane separation and the chemical absorption process. To determine optimal operational conditions, experiments were conducted to investigate the mass transfer characteristics and CO2 removal of both mono‐staged systems. A hybrid MS‐CA method was studied to measure coupling characteristics and CO2 removal performance of the system. It was found that increasing the pressure and the temperature of the feed gas enhanced the CO2 diffusion property of the membrane module. For a packed column, mass transfer and carbon capture is affected by the liquid‐to‐gas ratio; TMEA = 40°C is considered the optimal condition. For a hybrid MS‐CA system, the optimal CO2 removal efficiency can reach 99.49% at the condition of Pf = 1 MPa, wMEA = 10 wt%. Improving the feed‐gas pressure will increase the CO2 absorption rate of the overall hybrid system. Compared with the mono‐staged method, the hybrid MS‐CA system has a higher stability and efficiency for the post‐combustion process, especially at a relatively low feed‐gas pressure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does family involvement affect a firm's internationalization? An investigation of Indian family firms
Authors: Ray Sougata , Mondal Arindam , Ramachandran Kavil 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary:We investigate whether and how family ownership and management influence firms' internationalization strategies in an emerging economy in which family firms are dominant. Anchoring on the willingness and ability framework and drawing on the socioemotional wealth perspective and agency theory, we theorize how the heterogeneity among family firms in their ownership structures, concentration, and family involvement in management shapes the firms' internationalization strategies. We also theorize how certain contingencies, such as the presence of foreign institutional ownership and family management, moderate the relationship between family ownership and internationalization strategy. We test our predictions by using a proprietary, longitudinal panel dataset of 303 leading family firms from India and find support for most of our theoretical predictions.Managerial Summary:Internationalization has emerged as a dominant strategy for firms in a globally interconnected world. We observe that ownership structure and management have significant bearing on internationalization strategies of family firms, as family owners and managers are more averse to internationalization. Family firms' aversion to internationalize is more pronounced when families can exercise greater control on firms' actions through the combined effect of higher family ownership (primarily through strategic control) and family's participation in management (through strategic, administrative, and operational control). However, certain contingencies, such as the higher ownership of foreign institutions and presence of professional managers, help business families improve their understanding of international markets, reduce the fear of the unknown, and better appreciate the benefits of internationalization, thereby aiding greater internationalization of family firms.
Negotiating quality standards for effective delivery of labor and childbirth care in Nigeria and Uganda
Authors: Oladapo Olufemi T. , Bohren Meghan A. , Fawole Bukola , Mugerwa Kidza , Ojelade Olubunmi A. , Titiloye Musibau A. , Alu Francis E. , Mambya Musana O. , Oyeneyin Lawal , Bataale Salim , Akintan Adesina , Alabi Olubunmi , Adebayo Amos , Okike Ola , Idris Hadiza A. , Wilfred Sanni , Bello Halima , Kyaddondo David , Olutayo Akinpelu O. , Byamugisha Josaphat , Souza Joao Paulo , Gülmezoglu A. Metin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjective“Negotiated standards” describe a level of quality of care that is acceptable and achievable within a specific health system, based on consensus between key stakeholders. This paper presents the development of negotiated standards for effective labor and childbirth care in selected hospitals and communities in Nigeria and Uganda.MethodsA four‐step development process involving different methodologies. The process included: (1) review and synthesis of internationally recognized intrapartum clinical principles and practices; (2) primary qualitative research to assess values and preferences of women and healthcare providers, and practices that align with these preferences; (3) draft contextualization of effective and ineffective behaviors to reflect values and preferences; and (4) WHO‐mediated negotiations between relevant stakeholders, including community members, providers, and administrators.ResultsThe primary outcomes of this process were a comprehensive set of effective behaviors and clinical practices covering the main domains of quality of care, which are practical and easy to communicate, implement, and audit across all levels of healthcare delivery.ConclusionThe process demonstrates that health facilities and providers can be motivated to adopt standards of care that uphold the values and preferences of both service users and providers, while adhering to international best practices.
Metabolomic Pathways to Osteoporosis in Middle-Aged Women: A Genome-Metabolome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Moayyeri Alireza , Cheung Ching-Lung , Tan Kathryn CB , Morris John A , Cerani Agustin , Mohney Robert P , Richards J Brent , Hammond Christopher , Spector Tim D , Menni Cristina 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

The metabolic state of the body can be a major determinant of bone health. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to identify metabolites causally associated with bone mass to better understand the biological mechanisms of osteoporosis. We tested bone phenotypes (femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine bone mineral density [BMD]) for association with 280 fasting blood metabolites in 6055 women from TwinsUK cohort with genomewide genotyping scans. Causal associations between metabolites and bone phenotypes were further assessed in a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using genetic markers/scores as instrumental variables. Significant associations were replicated in 624 participants from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS). Fifteen metabolites showed direct associations with bone phenotypes after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing. Using genetic instruments, four of these metabolites were found to be causally associated with hip or spine BMD. These included androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, 5alpha-androstan-3beta17beta-diol disulfate (encoded by CYP3A5), and 4-androsten-3beta17beta-diol disulfate (encoded by SULT2A1). In the HKOS population, all four metabolites showed significant associations with hip and spine BMD in the expected directions. No causal reverse association between BMD and any of the metabolites were found. In the first metabolome-genomewide Mendelian randomization study of human bone mineral density, we identified four novel biomarkers causally associated with BMD. Our findings reveal novel biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Noncontrast‐enhanced time‐resolved 4D dynamic intracranial MR angiography at 7T: A feasibility study
Authors: Cong Fei , Zhuo Yan , Yu Songlin , Zhang Xianchang , Miao Xinyuan , An Jing , Wang Shuo , Cao Yong , Zhang Yan , Song Hee Kwon , Wang Danny JJ , Yan Lirong 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundArterial spin labeling (ASL) based‐noncontrast‐enhanced 4D MR angiography (NCE 4D MRA) shows potential in characterizing cerebrovascular hemodynamics in cerebrovascular disorders. Ultrahigh‐field theoretically benefits ASL signal with increased inherent signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and prolonged blood T1, which may provide improved delineation of vasculature in 4D MRA.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of NCE 4D MRA using 3D Cartesian trajectory and stack‐of‐stars (SOS) golden angle radial trajectory at 7T.Study TypeA prospective study.SubjectsSix normal volunteers and eight patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM).Field Strength/SequenceNCE 4D MRA with Cartesian and radial trajectories were performed at 3T and 7T.AssessmentSubjective image quality of 4D MRA was evaluated using a 4‐point scale by two experienced neuroradiologists. The characterization of AVM components with 4D MRA and DSA was also graded using the Spetzler–Martin grading scale.Statistical TestsCohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to evaluate the agreement between two readers within each 4D MRA technique (Cartesian and Radial). A Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was performed to compare the subjective image quality scores of 4D MRA between Cartesian and radial trajectories, and between 7T and 3T, respectively.ResultsGood‐to‐excellent image quality was achieved in 4D MRA with both Cartesian (3.83 ± 0.41) and radial (3.42 ± 0.49) acquisitions in healthy volunteers at 7T. However, markedly reduced scan time was needed with radial acquisition. 4D MRA at 7T (3.31 ± 0.59) shows better delineation of AVM lesion features, especially the vein drainage, compared with that of 3T (2.83 ± 0.75), although no statistical significance was achieved (P = 0.180).Data ConclusionThe feasibility of ASL based 4D MRA at 7T with Cartesian and SOS golden angle radial acquisition was demonstrated. The clinical evaluation of 4D MRA in AVMs between 3T and 7T suggested 7T 4D MRA images acquired with radial acquisition demonstrate excellent delineation of AVM features, especially the draining veins.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
The 1.5 Criterion Model of Creativity: Where Less Is More, More or Less
Authors: Smith Jeffrey K. , Smith Lisa F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe argue that the future of creativity research should focus on the dual goals of the development of individuals with great creative genius as well as the enhancement of creative activity in society in general. To achieve these goals, we need basic research that will help us better understand the fundamental nature of creativity. We describe an approach to creativity that emphasizes novelty over utility.
Creativity Research: More Studies, Greater Sophistication and the Importance of “Big” Questions
Authors: Ward Thomas B. , Kennedy Evan S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the past 20 years, there has been a strong and steady increase in the number of publications concerned with creativity and in the number of outlets for that work. More importantly, there has been an increase in the level of detail and sophistication of answers provided for the most fundamental questions in the field. We illustrate that phenomenon with a focus on personality traits and cognitive processes. We anticipate that the trends will continue in the future and urge that progress continue to be guided by the “big” questions of what creative people are like and how creative ideas are generated. Beyond progress in distinct research areas, such as personality and cognition, future progress is likely to grow from recent attempts to integrate across the areas.
Taking a Systems View of Creativity: On the Right Path Toward Understanding
Authors: Hennessey Beth A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn our 2010 Annual Review paper, Teresa Amabile and I argued that a virtual explosion of topics, viewpoints, and methodologies had muddied the investigative waters. Few, if any, “big” questions were being pursued by a critical mass of creativity researchers. Instead, investigators in one subfield seemed entirely unaware of advances in another. We saw a crucial need for a systems view of creativity and we encouraged investigators to recognize that creativity arises from a complex web of interrelated forces operating at multiple levels. Seven years have passed since the publication of that paper, and an examination of the most current research suggests that a growing number of publications are now reflecting a systems approach as well as a multidisciplinary perspective.
Increased oxidative protection by high active vitamin E content and partial radiation crosslinking of UHMWPE
Authors: Xu Jia‐Zhuang , Wannomae Keith K. , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Oral Ebru 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTVitamin E stabilization successfully improved long‐term oxidation resistance of wear‐resistant ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) used for joint implants. Stabilization can be achieved by blending an antioxidant into the UHMWPE resin powder before consolidation and irradiation. Balancing the wear resistance and vitamin E content in the blend is the current challenge with this approach, because vitamin E hinders crosslinking of UHMWPE during irradiation, which decreases wear resistance. The vitamin E concentration in the blend is generally limited to less than 0.3 wt%. Wear‐ and oxidation‐resistant UHMWPE has been obtained previously by consolidating blends of pre‐irradiated UHMWPE powders (XPE) into an unmodified polyethylene matrix (PE), where the improvement in wear rate depended on the radiation dose and fraction of XPE. We hypothesized that increasing the vitamin E content in the unirradiated matrix would not compromise wear and would further improve the oxidative stability of XPE/PE blends. Pin‐on‐disk wear testing showed that the XPE/PE blends containing 0.1–1.0 wt% vitamin E in the matrix had comparable wear rates. We used an aggressive accelerated aging test in the presence of the pro‐oxidant squalene and oxidation induction time (OIT) test and found that higher amounts of vitamin E resulted in stronger oxidation resistance for XPE/PE blends. The mechanical strength and toughness of the blends were not affected by changing the vitamin E content in the matrix. Stabilizing UHMWPE with higher vitamin E content may extend the service life of UHMWPE implants. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1860–1867, 2018.
Synthesis, stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin succinate diester
Authors: Qiao Xing , Yang Lu , Zhang Ting , Zhou Qingxin , Wang Yuming , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe synthesized astaxanthin succinate diester (ASD), a novel astaxanthin (AST) derivate, with succinic anhydride and free AST. ASD was purified and characterized using silica gel column chromatography and spectrometry, respectively.RESULTSThe ASD final synthesis rate was 82.63%. A stability test revealed a high AST and ASD retention rate at pH 5.0–7.0. ASD showed better stability than did AST under acidic conditions. Both sample ions showed lower retention rates under Fe2+ and Fe3+ states. The ASD metabolic curve showed serum and liver area under the curve from 0 h to time t (AUC0–t) values of 45.05 ± 4.58 and 120.38 ± 23.66 µg h−1 mL−1, respectively. The long‐term accumulation was significantly higher in the ASD group than in the AST group, which showed higher accumulation in the heart, muscle and spleen than in other tissues in vivo.CONCLUSIONThe thermal stability and bioavailability of ASD were higher than that of the non‐esterified free AST and common free AST, respectively. Additionally, AST accumulation in different tissues of the ASD group was multifold higher than that of free AST. These results prove that ASD may serve as a better source of AST for human nutrition than does free AST. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrasting effects of reindeer grazing on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes originating from the northern boreal forest floor
Authors: Köster Kajar , Köster Egle , Berninger Frank , Heinonsalo Jussi , Pumpanen Jukka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) is considered to be an important mammalian herbivore, strongly influencing Arctic lichen‐dominated ecosystems. There is no wide knowledge about the effect of reindeer on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in northern boreal forests. Ground vegetation plays an important role in absorbing nitrogen (N) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Lately, it has also been found to be a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) and a small source of methane (CH4). We investigated the influence of reindeer grazing on field layer GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes, ground vegetation coverage and biomass, and soil physical properties (temperature and moisture) in a northern boreal forest. At our study site, the reindeer‐induced replacement of lichen by mosses had contrasting effects on the GHG fluxes originating from the field layer. Field layer CO2 efflux was significantly higher in grazed areas. The field layer was a CH4 sink in all areas, but grazed areas absorbed more CH4 compared to non‐grazed areas. Although total N2O fluxes remained around 0 in grazed areas, a small N2O sink occurred in non‐grazed areas with lower moss biomass. Our results indicated that grazing by reindeer in northern boreal forests affects GHG fluxes from the forest field layer both positively and negatively, and these emissions largely depend on grazing‐induced changes in vegetation composition.
Bacterial prey food characteristics modulate community growth response of freshwater bacterivorous flagellates
Authors: Šimek Karel , Grujčić Vesna , Hahn Martin W. , Horňák Karel , Jezberová Jitka , Kasalický Vojtěch , Nedoma Jiří , Salcher Michaela M. , Shabarova Tanja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDifferent bacterioplankton species represent different food quality resources for heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNF) communities, potentially affecting HNF growth, community dynamics and carbon flow to higher trophic levels. However, our knowledge of such dynamics is still very limited. Here, we describe the results of 11 experiments with natural HNF communities from distinct seasonal phases in two freshwater habitats. The HNF communities were released from predation pressure of zooplankton and incubated with 16 distinct ecologically relevant prey bacterial strains from important Betaproteobacteria genera (Limnohabitans, Polynucleobacter, and Methylopumilus) and one Actinobacteria strain from the Luna 2 cluster. We observed remarkable prey‐ and season‐specific variability in community HNF growth parameters, i.e., doubling time, volumetric gross growth efficiency (GGE), and length of lag phase. All strains, except for the actinobacterium, supported rapid HNF population growth with an average doubling time of 10 h and GGE of 29%. Our analysis revealed that 59% of the variability in flagellate GGE data was explained by the length of lag phase after prey amendments. This indicates a considerable “adaptation time,” during which the predator communities undergo compositional shifts toward flagellate bacterivores best adapted to grow on the offered prey. Importantly, the rapid HNF growth detected on various bacteria tightly corresponds to doubling times reported for fast growing bacterioplankton groups. We propose a conceptual model explaining the tight linkages between rapid bacterial community shifts and succeeding HNF community shifts, which optimize prey utilization rates and carbon flow from various bacteria to the microbial food chain.
Transcriptome analysis and anaerobic C4‐dicarboxylate transport in Actinobacillus succinogenes
Authors: Rhie Mi Na , Park Byeonghyeok , Ko Hyeok‐Jin , Choi In‐Geol , Kim Ok Bin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA global transcriptome analysis of the natural succinate producer Actinobacillus succinogenes revealed that 353 genes were differentially expressed when grown on various carbon and energy sources, which were categorized into six functional groups. We then analyzed the expression pattern of 37 potential C4‐dicarboxylate transporters in detail. A total of six transporters were considered potential fumarate transporters: three transporters, Asuc_1999 (Dcu), Asuc_0304 (DASS), and Asuc_0270‐0273 (TRAP), were constitutively expressed, whereas three others, Asuc_1568 (DASS), Asuc_1482 (DASS), and Asuc_0142 (Dcu), were differentially expressed during growth on fumarate. Transport assays under anaerobic conditions with [14C]fumarate and [14C]succinate were performed to experimentally verify that A. succinogenes possesses multiple C4‐dicarboxlayte transport systems with different substrate affinities. Upon uptake of 5 mmol/L fumarate, the systems had substrate specificity for fumarate, oxaloacetate, and malate, but not for succinate. Uptake was optimal at pH 7, and was dependent on both proton and sodium gradients. Asuc_1999 was suspected to be a major C4‐dicarboxylate transporter because of its noticeably high and constitutive expression. An Asuc_1999 deletion (∆1999) decreased fumarate uptake significantly at approximately 5 mmol/L fumarate, which was complemented by the introduction of Asuc_1999. Asuc_1999 expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed fumarate uptake at a level of 21.6 μmol·gDW−1·min−1. These results suggest that C4‐dicarboxylate transport in A. succinogenes is mediated by multiple transporters, which transport various types and concentrations of C4‐dicarboxylates.
Dietary Slowly Digestible Starch Triggers the Gut–Brain Axis in Obese Rats with Accompanied Reduced Food Intake
Authors: Hasek Like Y. , Phillips Robert J. , Zhang Genyi , Kinzig Kimberly P. , Kim Choon Young , Powley Terry L. , Hamaker Bruce R. 
Published: December 2017

ScopeSlowly digestible starch (SDS), as a functional carbohydrate providing a slow and sustained glucose release, may be able to modulate food intake through activation of the gut–brain axis.Methods and resultsDiet‐induced obese rats were used to test the effect on feeding behavior of high‐fat (HF) diets containing an SDS, fabricated to digest into the ileum, as compared to rapidly digestible starch (RDS). Ingestion of the HF‐SDS diet over an 11‐week period reduced daily food intake, through smaller meal size, to the same level as a lean body control group, while the group consuming the HF‐RDS diet remained at a high food intake. Expression levels (mRNA) of the hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) were significantly reduced, and the anorexigenic corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) was increased, in the HF‐SDS fed group compared to the HF‐RDS group, and to the level of the lean control group.ConclusionSDS with digestion into the ileum reduced daily food intake and paralleled suppressed expression of appetite‐stimulating neuropeptide genes associated with the gut–brain axis. This novel finding suggests further exploration involving a clinical study and potential development of SDS‐based functional foods as an approach to obesity control.
Mathematical Modeling of Nylon 6/6,6 Copolymerization in Batch Reactor: Investigating Recipes without Water and with Cyclic Dimer
Authors: Liu Fei F. , Hurley James M. , Khare Neeraj P. , McAuley Kim B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA model is used to simulate batch copolymerization of caprolactam with hexamethylene diamine (HMD) and adipic acid (ADA) to produce nylon 6/6,6. Four different recipes are considered: a recipe containing caprolactam and an aqueous solution of HMD and ADA, a recipe containing caprolactam and dry HMD/ADA salt, and two recipes with a portion of the caprolactam replaced by nylon 6 cyclic dimer (CD). Consuming CD would be advantageous because CD is an undesirable side product from nylon 6 production. Simulation results lead to three important findings: (i) operation using dry salt rather than aqueous salt solution leads to higher degree of polymerization, (ii) substantial quantities of CD can be consumed to produce nylon 6/6,6 copolymer, and (iii) including water in the recipe is beneficial for achieving improved consumption of CD. The results of this study will be helpful in designing experiments aimed at improving industrial nylon 6/6,6 copolymerization processes.