bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root Weevil Control on Strawberry, 1995
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Shanks C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated for control of a heavy population of strawberry root weevil and some black vine weevil. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a 2 year-old ‘Totem’ strawberry field in Burlington, WA. Plots measuring 3 rows wide and 25 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Five 1 ft2 samples were randomly taken on 20 Jul from the middle row of each plot beginning at 10 PM with the aid of a flashlight. Sprays were applied on 18 Jul with a field sprayer at 100 psi delivering 100 gpa of finished spray from a hand-held boom with 3 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles at 2 mph. Air temperature was 80° F and NW wind speed 3-5 mph.
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Ac 303,630 on Texas Citrus, 1995
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different rates of experimental AC 303,630 and the standard acaricide Agri-Mek, alone and tank mixed with NR 435 spray oil, were compared for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times on plots of 8 trees each in a 4-yr-old block of ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit planted on 15 X 24 ft spacing. Treatment sprays were applied 22 lun using an FMC 1229 single volute commercial sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure calibrated for 250 gpa. At each count date, 50 fruit were randomly selected from the center 4 trees in each plot and examined for CRM in situ with a 10 X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded sides of each fruit and the two counts were averaged and recorded as one observation. In Nov, 60 randomly harvested fruit from each treatment replicate were evaluated for CRM feeding damage. If one third of the fruit surface area was damaged it was downgraded to process or juice fruit. The percent of downgraded fruit for each treatment was determined and expressed as percent russet.
Citrus Cutworm Pesticide Efficacy Trials, 1995
Authors: Grafton-Cardwell E. E. , Reagan C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of citrus cutworm were evaluated on 30 yr old ‘Washington navel’ orange trees at Exeter Farms, Exeter, California. There were five treatments in the experiment including! an untreated control, ABG 6405, two rates of Dipel ES, and Dipel ES/NT. The insecticides were applied on 21 Apr with an FMC CP-267 speed-sprayer pulled behind a tractor using 200 gpa (outside coverage). The experiment was divided into 15 plots. Each plot was 3 rows wide and 15 trees in length.; The five treatments were assigned based on pretreatment sampling of larvae and replicated 3 times. Six trees inside the center row of each plot were designated as sample trees. Larval collections were accomplished by placing a canvas beating sheet (112 cm X 75 cm) beneath the outside foliage of the sample trees and vigorously shaking the foliage. Citrus cutworm larvae which fell onto the canvas were counted and recorded by instar, then returned to the foliage. Pretreatment larval counts were made on 13 Apr by sampling the northeast and southwest quadrants of each tree. Post treatment counts were made on 9 May by sampling all four quadrants of each sample tree, again recording each instar. Percentage of fruit scarred by citrus cutworm was evaluated on 10 Aug on each of the sample trees within a 2 meter vertical swath around the tree beginning approximately 20 cm above ground level and extending approximately 40 cm into the tree interior. In 1995, late Apr and early May temperatures in Exeter ranged from relatively cool to warm, with daily maximums between 52°F and 86°F (mean of 72°F). Precipitation occurred on 13 Apr (0.24 inch), 16 Apr (0.28), 17 Apr (0.16), 18 Apr (0.24), 29 Apr (0.16), 1 May (0.71), and 4 May (0.20).
California Citrus Thrips Small Plot Trial, 1995
Authors: Morse J. G. , Urena A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated spring, 1995 in Field 12 (25 yr-old Atwood navel oranges) at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, California for control of citrus thrips. Pesticides were applied with a Bean hand-sprayer at 500 psi, outside coverage, approximately 200 gpa. Field 12 was divided into 4 blocks of 92-96 trees (23-24 replicates) and 22 treatments were applied with one replicate of each treatment assigned randomly to each block except extra replicates were assigned to the untreated control; each replicate was four contiguous trees. Citrus thrips fruit scarring evaluations were taken in Oct, 1995 on all fruit on the exterior of data trees from knee to eye level. Typical scarring levels on outside fruit as sampled in this study are approximately twice as high as percent scarring of fruit sampled from the entire tree (inside fruit are less severely scarred). Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal year are approximately 5% severe scars.
Flea Beetle Control in Cabbage, Cauliflower and Broccoli, Crookston, MN, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Cymbaluk Todd 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli seed was divided and a portion of each sent to Gustafson, Inc, Piano, TX. for seed treatment using Gaucho 480F at two rates. Of the remaining seed some was combined with appropriate amounts of Furadan CR-10 and Counter 5G and a small amount of each was retained untreated. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Plots were a single 50 ft row and seed was planted using a John Deere 33 unit. Although planting was delayed until June 5 in order to increase flea beetle risk, flea beetle pressure however was light. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Evaluation of an Igr Insecticide, Rh-2485, for Control of Dbm and other Caterpillars on Head Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Mau R.F.L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Shimabuku R. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The insecticides were evaluated at the Kula Research Station, Maui Agricultural Park, from April to June. The field was set up in a RCB design with five treatments and four replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of a single row of cabbage planted at 18 in. between plant spacing. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer set at 60 psi with an output of 100 gpa. One hollow cone nozzle (TX-26) was used per row The first treatment was applied five days after transplanting into the field on 23 Apr. Subsequently, six weekly applications were made until the week before harvest on the following dates: 30 Apr, 7, 14, 21, 28 May, 4 Jun. The treated check involved application of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai (BTA) or Proclaim, using the University of Hawaii DBM resistance management protocol. The BTA product used was Mattach which was applied at 2.0 qt/acre on 23, 30 Apr, 7, 14 May. Proclaim 0.15EC was applied at 6.0 oz/acre on 21 and 28 May.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Control of Cabbage Looper in Cauliflower
Authors: Palumbo J. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cauliflower was direct seeded into on 21 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, Az. Each plot consisted of four, 30-ft-long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by two untreated beds. Plots were arranged in a CRB design with 4 replicates. Foliar applications were made on 10 and 14 Oct with a hand-held CO2 sprayer operated at 50 psi, delivering 20 gpa. Spreader-sticker (Kinetic) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 0.125% of the total volume. Insecticide efficacy was determined by counting the total number of small (1 st and 2nd instars) and large (&gt;2nd instar) CL on 5 randomly selected plants replicate. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA using a protected LSD F test (P = 0.05) to distinguish treatment mean differences.
Control of Ear-Infesting Insects on Sweet Corn 1996
Authors: Spangler S. M. , Grove T. , Rebarchak P. , Calvin D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
One acre of sweet corn was planted on 27 Jun near University Park (Centre Co.), with rows 2.5 ft apart. The design was a RCB with 5 blocks per treatment. Plots (treatments within blocks) were two rows wide by 34 ft long, with three untreated rows between each treated pair of rows. Blocks were separated lengthwise by 10-ft alleyways. Sprays were delivered with a highclearance sprayer with two nozzles/row, set at tassel height, at a 45° downward angle. Sprays were applied at 72 gpa, with nozzle pressure at 64 psi, a tractor speed of 1.8 mph, and using TX-SS 10 nozzles from the Tee Jet company. Infestation of the planks in the “pre-tassel” stage (tassel visible but prior to anthesis) with ECB was 8% and with FAW larvae 44%. Anthesis was first observed on 20 Aug, and the first silks were observed on 22 Aug. The first spray was applied on 18 Aug. Additional sprays were applied on 22, 26, 29 Aug and 3 Sep. At harvest (11 Sep), 20 ears were picked randomly from each plot. For each ear, the numbers of ECB, FAW, and CEW were noted. For each 20-ear sample/plot, the proportions of the sample with insect damage at the tip, side, and shank were calculated.
Evaluation of Aphid Control in Lettuce with Admire Applied Through Drip Irrigation
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded on 29 Nov at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. into double row beds on 42 inch centers and stand establishment achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation. Subsequent irrigations and chemigations were made with sub-surface (6-8”) drip irrigation. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 50 feet long with a two bed buffer between the plots. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. The four Admire 2F chemigation treatments were applied once 54 d after planting (23 Jan) through the drip system during the last hour of the irrigation run. The two Metasystox-R chemigation treatments were applied through the drip three times on 23 Jan, 1 and 8 Feb. The foliar Metasystox-R + Capture treatment was applied at 60 PSI in 20 gpa total volume on 23 Jan, 1 and 8 Feb. Insect data were collected only from the inner two beds of each plot. Aphid densities were estimated bi-weekly by sampling 10 plants per replicate and counting the total number of aphids per plant. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA using a protected LSD F test to distinguish treatment mean differences.
Control of Aphids on Mustard, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Savanah’ cultivar mustard was direct seeded to plots in Apr at the Wes Watkins AREC, Lane OK. Seeds were planted in one row on raised beds on 36 inch centers with ca. 3 inches between plants in rows. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 16 treatments. Insecticide applications were made on 15 and 24 May using a tractor mounted sprayer with 2 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS 26) per bed applying 40 gpa solution at 40 psi. Insect populations were surveyed on 28 May by counting insects on 3 plants per plot to determine treatment effects.
Control of Yellowmargined Leaf Beetle on Mustard, 1995
Authors: Story R. , Ameen A. O. , Murray M. J. , Can F. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments at labeled rates were applied on mustard on 11 and 18 May 1995 at the Burden Research Plantation, Baton Rouge, LA. A CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gpa at 30 psi through a spray boom with three nozzles was used. Experimental plots consisted of single rows (30 feet long, 4 feet wide) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insect counts were made with beat sheets (3X2) on 10 May and 17 May (pre-treatment counts) and 12 May and 19 May (post-treatment counts). Three samples were taken from each plot and the number of insects present of each species was recorded.
Onion Thrips Control, Trial 2,1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Gerace D. , Tupy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in Ft. Collins, CO, using transplanted onions (cv. Vega) in single rows at 30-in spacing. Plots were 25-ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on two dates (14 June, 7 Jul) using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 18.4 gal/A at 30 psi in two passes directed along the sides of the planting. An organosilicani spreader (Kinetic, 6 fl oz/A) was added to all treatments. Application dates varied among treatments. Evaluations were made by examining 10 plants per plot and counting all thrips present in the next area of the onions.
Onion Maggot Control, 1996
Authors: Davis, M. G. K , Grafius E. , Ebert S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Onions were seeded at two commercial farms in Michigan: one in Grant (Newago Co.) on 15 May, and mother near Stockbridge (Ingham Co.) on 20 May. Single rows were planted using a vee-belt seeder with a 1 inch wide shoe. At the Stockbridge site plots *ere replicated four times and at Grant, five replications were used. A RCB design was used at both sites. Rate of seeding was 12 seeds/ft, for a total of 120 seeds per 10 ft plot. All treatments were incorporated into film coatings on the seeds except for the Lorsban treatment. All seed coat treatments included the fungicide Progro, except where noted. Starting two weeks after planting, plants in each replicate were counted and inspected weekly for onion naggot injury. Data reported are the average percent of the onion stand remaining in each treatment at harvest, calculated as the average of the number of &gt;nions standing in each plot at harvest divided by the maximum stand achieved in the plot. Onions at the Stockbridge site were harvested on 8 Aug, and it the Grant site on 14 Aug. Percent data were arcsin square root transformed before analysis of variance. Untransformed data are reported in Table 1.
Efficacy of Fipronil for Thrips Control on Onions, 1996
Authors: Kerns D. L. , Tellez T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Onions were planted on 42 inch beds in double rows near Somerton, AZ. The test was a RCB design consisting of four replicates. Each plot was 2 beds wide by 25 ft, bordered on each side by 2 buffer beds. Applications were made using a backpack CO2 with two TX-10 hollow cone nozzles per bed. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 45 psi. Treatments were applied on 19 Apr 2 and 26 Apr. All treatments included Kinetic non-ionic surfactant at 0.1% v/v. Evaluations were made by cutting and bagging 16 green onion tops per plot. These samples were taken to the laboratory where they were rinsed with a soap/water solution and filtered through filter paper. The thrips were then counted on the filter paper under dissecting microscopes. Evaluations were made 3 and 7 days after each application (22 Apr, 26 Apr, 29 Apr and 3 Mar). Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Potato, 1996
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 21 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design in plots 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Plots were separated by 12 ft of cultivated soil. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted Brittonya boom sprayer delivering 40 gal/acre at 90 psi with 3 nozzles per row. All plots were treated with Novodor (1 qt/acre) on 7 Jul (30% egg hatch) to control Colorado potato beetle larvae. Additionally, all plots were treated with Asana XL 0.66EC (9.6 oz/acre) on 19 Jul and 26 Jul to enhance the aphid population and to control Colorado potato beetle adults and late instar larvae. Admire 2F was applied over the top of the potato seed pieces just before the furrows were covered. Temik was applied to the soil surface on 30 May. Foliar applications were made 30 Jul and 14 Aug. Treatments that included Asana XL 0.66EC received additional applications of Asana on 2, 9, and 19 Aug. Early and late blight were controlled by eight applications of chlorothalonil. Thirty-five midplant leaves were sampled from the center two rows of each plot on each sample date. Plots were vine-killed 30 Aug. One outer row was harvested from each plot on 17 Sept. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of count data using log10(x).
Control of Squash Bug on Summer Squash, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Summer squash, ‘Lemon drop’, was directed seeded in Jul at the Lane AREC Lane, OK. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates and 10 treatments. Plots were 2 rows wide (72 inches) and 40 ft long with 10 ft alleys cut between plots. A single untreated bed was left between replicates. Plots were treated with insecticides using a high clearance self propelled sprayer with a broadcast application of 72 inches from 5 nozzles (flat fan, 80-03) applying 24 gal gpa at 60 psi. Plots were treated on 13 and 20 Aug. Squash bug populations were surveyed on 23 and 26 Aug by counting adults and nymphs on 5 plants per plot.
Comparison of Various Soil Insecticides and Application Methods to Control Soil Insects in Sweet-Potatoes, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweetpotatoes were transplanted on 20 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long with 3-ft between-row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from its neighbor. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCB. Mocap treatments were applied preplanting and incorporated on 7 Jun. The Lorsban and Fipronil treatments were applied immediately before planting and incorporated on 20 Jun. The application method (15 inch band v. broadcast) for each treatment is indicated in the table. A backpack sprayer equipped with a 6 plant fan nozzle boom/3 rows was used to apply the broadcast treatments, and a single flat fan nozzle boom was used to apply the band treatments. In order to control the summer generations of the soil insects after the main treatment had broken down, the plots (except for the check) were sprayed with Sevin XLR at 1.00 lb (AI)/acre alternating weekly with Thiodan 3EC at 0.56 lb (AI)/acre on 22 and 30 Jul and 5 and 15 Aug. The same sprayer was used for the foliar treatments as was used for the broadcast treatments, both of which were applied in 21 gal water/acre at 40 psi.
Control of Southern Armyworm Spodoptera Eridania in Staked Tomato, 1995
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse raised seedlings of “Neptune” tomato were planted 27 Sep 18 inches apart into twelve fertilized and sub-irrigated beds, 32” wide and 240 ft long. Beds were fumigated with a 67/339 mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin at a rate of 220 lb. acre, covered with white-sided polyethylene-mulch, and divided into 10 plots ca 24 ft long and 3 rows wide. A RCB design was used to assign treatments into 4 replications. Kocide 101 and Maneb 80 WP were sprayed weekly with alternating combinations of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 3 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre for disease control. Six treatment applications were applied weekly with a high-clearance sprayer using a hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi. The sprayer was equipped with 2 drop nozzles per row, each configured with 3 yellow Albuz nozzles on 14 Nov. for a delivery rate of 76 gpa, increasing to 4 nozzles to deliver 103 gpa for the remaining applications Latron CS-7 was tank-mixed at 16 pz/100 gallon spray for all treatments. Foliar damage and larval counts were made weekly from the south side of 18 plants per plot by randomly selecting 3 pairs of plants between the 4 center stakes of each row, moving to the next pair of plants if any in the first six were atypical. Foliar damage was evaluated visually using a Horsfall type rating scale where 1 = no apparent damage, 2 = 0-1% leaf area removed, 3 = 2-5%. 4 = 6-10%, 5 = 11-30%, and 6 = &gt;30% leaf area removed. The numbers of larvae (SAW and an occasional beet armyworm) were recorded by size (small, medium, large) and species per plant. A precount of 160 plants on 13 Nov showed 55% to have an average foliar damage of less than 1% and average number of larvae to be 4 small, 1.4 medium and 0.23 large per plant. Fruit was harvested from 24 plants per plot and marketable fruit was graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was counted and weighed. Value of harvest was calculated on a $5, 7, 9, 12 market for small, medium, large and extra-large fruit, respectively.
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1996
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six-week-old transplants were set on 17 Jun at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station (Fletcher, NC). Plants were set 18" apart within 20-ft rows which were on 10-ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Materials were applied on 29 Jul, 5, 12, 19 and 26 Aug, and 9 and 16 Sep with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50-100 gpa (gpa increasing as plants grew) through 7 hollow cone nozzles per row (three nozzles on each side and one overhead). Those treatments which were tar geted specifically at the lepidopterous pest TFW, i.e., Spinosad and Dipel 2X, received Provado 1.6 F (3.75 oz./acre) on 5, 19 Aug and 9 Sep, to minimize damage by PA. Conversely, the CGA-215944 50WP treatment, which was targeted at PA, SB and GHWF, received weekly treatment of Biobit HP (1.0 lb form./acre) for control of TFW. PA populations were monitored on 10, 17, 25, 31 Jul and on 26 Aug by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded leaf) per plot and recording the number infested with ≥ 1 apterous aphid. PA infestations were rated for severity on 7 and 14 Aug by observing 10 leavei-(3rd most recently expanded leaf) per plot and rating each leaf for apterous PA infestation on 0-3 scale: 0 = no apterous PA, 1 = 1 to 5 apterous PA, 2 = 6 to 15 apterous PA, and 3 = &gt;16 apterous PA. GHWF populations were monitored on 6 Sep by collecting 10 leaflets per plot and counting the numbei of immature GHWF under a stereo microscope. Pink state fruit were harvested on 22, 29 Aug 5, 12, 19, 26 Sep, 3 and 10 Oct. The total number of fruit as well as the number damaged by TFW, SB, and thrips were recorded and % damaged fruit was calculated. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Early Season Insect Control in Alfalfa, 1996
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Zarrabi A. A. , Bisges A. D. , Mulder P. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for efficacy in controlling AW larvae and aphids infesting the first crop of a fourth year stand of TCI 630’ alfalfa at the Southcentral Research Station, Chickasha, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 30 larvae/25 stems and 68.7 aphids/stem. Insecticides were applied on 8 Apr using spraying system TK SS-5 flooding nozzles calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi when traveling at 3 mph. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design on plots 5 X 10 m in size, replicated 4 times. Sampling was conducted 3, 8, and 13 DAT by pulling samples of 25 stems per plot and placing them in standard Berlese funnels to extract insects for counting. Subsamples of aphids were identified on each date to determine the proportions of species present. Dry matter yields were estimated for 1 st harvest on 16 May by removing forage from 1 X 5 m area in each plot using a flail-type harvester. Subsamples were dried for determination of moisture content and yields were calculated on a dry weight/acre basis.