bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of dietary feta cheese and butter on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition in rat
Authors: Khodadadi Iraj , Heshmati Ali , Karami Manoochehr 
Published: October 2017

PurposeCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common causes of death worldwide. Diets rich in saturated and trans-fatty acids are nutritional risk factors that foster the development of CVDs. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of dietary feta cheese and butter on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition.Design/methodology/approachIn all, 24 Wistar rats (eight weeks old) were fed with balanced high fat diets (24 per cent fat) including canola (control group) and either cheese or butter (experimental groups) for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weights were determined, and the amount of food intake was calculated. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride as well as serum fatty acid composition were determined.FindingsConsumption of the butter-based diet resulted in a significant increase in serum triglycerides (p< 0.05), whereas no substantial changes were observed in rats that received a cheese-based diet. The butter-based diet significantly increased serum total cholesterol and LDL-C (p< 0.05), whereas remarkably reduced HDL-C level. In contrast, cheese-based diet resulted in a magnificent increase in HDL-C and a significant decrease in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p< 0.05). Serum saturated fatty acids increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased by the consumption of butter, whereas the intake of cheese caused relatively minor alterations in serum fatty acid composition.Originality/valueButter lowered HDL-C and increased LDL-C, whereas cheese strongly enhanced HDL-C. Therefore, it can be concluded that cheese is a beneficially healthier dairy product than butter.
Five Ws and one H in knowledge management education
Authors: Handzic Meliha , Edwards John S. , Moffett Sandra , Garcia-Perez Alexeis , Kianto Aino , Bolisani Ettore 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss key aspects of knowledge management (KM) education in response to challenges posed by the necessity to improve KM as a discipline and an established professional field.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a systematic review of the current literature. This review was used as input in a recent panel held at the 2016 International Conference on Knowledge Management (ICKM). The paper brings together current literature with thought-provoking panelists’ presentations and subsequent debates with the audience.FindingsKM education from the “why, what, who, where and when” perspectives were first addressed and analyzed, and the end result was a reflection on “how” to approach KM education in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper effectively underlines that, KM being a relatively new phenomenon, there is no clear consensus about roles that KM employees should play in an organization, what KM competencies and skills are needed, and where and when these should be obtained. Broad guidelines on how to approach KM education in the future may serve as a basis for further research.Practical implicationsThe study provides suggestions on how to place KM in adult education.Originality/valueThe paper tackles the research questions through an innovative combination of a systematic literature review and a panel discussion on the topic of KM and education. Overall, the paper provides a fresh view of the state of the art of knowledge and research on the topic and also shows the common vision of a group of KM researchers and educators.
Metagenomic insights into zooplankton‐associated bacterial communities
Authors: De Corte Daniele , Srivastava Abhishek , Koski Marja , Garcia Juan Antonio L. , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yokokawa Taichi , Nunoura Takuro , Elisabeth Nathalie H. , Sintes Eva , Herndl Gerhard J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryZooplankton and microbes play a key role in the ocean's biological cycles by releasing and consuming copious amounts of particulate and dissolved organic matter. Additionally, zooplankton provide a complex microhabitat rich in organic and inorganic nutrients in which bacteria thrive. In this study, we assessed the phylogenetic composition and metabolic potential of microbial communities associated with crustacean zooplankton species collected in the North Atlantic. Using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we found significant differences between the microbial communities associated with zooplankton and those inhabiting the surrounding seawater. Metagenomic analysis of the zooplankton‐associated microbial community revealed a highly specialized bacterial community able to exploit zooplankton as microhabitat and thus, mediating biogeochemical processes generally underrepresented in the open ocean. The zooplankton‐associated bacterial community is able to colonize the zooplankton's internal and external surfaces using a large set of adhesion mechanisms and to metabolize complex organic compounds released or exuded by the zooplankton such as chitin, taurine and other complex molecules. Moreover, the high number of genes involved in iron and phosphorus metabolisms in the zooplankton‐associated microbiome suggests that this zooplankton‐associated bacterial community mediates specific biogeochemical processes (through the proliferation of specific taxa) that are generally underrepresented in the ambient waters.
Spaces of the Expelled as Spaces of the Urban Commons? Analysing the Re‐emergence of Squatting Initiatives in Rome
Authors: Di Feliciantonio Cesare 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAsserting the need to acknowledge the role of the current crisis and austerity politics in fostering the re‐emergence of squatting initiatives in Rome, this article brings together the literature on squatting as an urban social movement, notably Martínez López's holistic approach, with a political economy perspective analysing the current stage of ‘late neoliberalism’. In so doing, I use the conceptualization of ‘expulsions’ developed by Sassen to show how emerging squatting initiatives in Rome represent the ‘spaces of the expelled’. Focusing on the case of Communia in San Lorenzo neighbourhood, the article shows how Martínez López's approach is able to account for the rapid success and support enjoyed by Communia, going as it does beyond the ‘single‐issue’ perspective that has dominated much of the squatting literature. Indeed, the main claims addressed by Communia activists concern a plurality of issues grouped around the concept of urban commons, as both a practice and a goal. Methodologically, the article is the result of 18 months of fieldwork based on an activist/participatory action research (PAR) approach, comprising participant observation/observant participation, in‐depth interviews and questionnaires.
The catecholaminergic innervation of the claustrum of the pig
Authors: Pirone Andrea , Miragliotta Vincenzo , Ciregia Federica , Giannessi Elisabetta , Cozzi Bruno 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOver the past decades, the number of studies employing the pig brain as a model for neurochemical studies has dramatically increased. The key translational features of the pig brain are the similarities with the cortical and subcortical structures of the human brain. In addition, the caudalmost part of the pig claustrum (CL) is characterized by a wide enlargement called posterior puddle, an ideal structure for physiological recordings. Several hypotheses have been proposed for CL function, the key factor being its reciprocal connectivity with most areas of the cerebral cortex and selected subcortical structures. However, afferents from the brainstem could also be involved. The brainstem is the main source of catecholaminergic axons that play an important neuromodulatory action in different brain functions. To study a possible role of the CL in catecholaminergic pathways, we analyzed the presence and the distribution of afferents immunostained with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine betahydroxylase (DBH) in the pig CL. Here we show that the CL contains significant TH immunoreactive axons contacting perikarya, whereas projections staining for DBH are very scarce. Our findings hint at the possibility that brainstem catecholaminergic afferents project to the CL, suggesting (i) a possible role of this nucleus in functions controlled by brainstem structures; and, consequently, (ii) its potential involvement in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative pathologies, including Parkinson's disease (PD).
Leaf day respiration: low CO2 flux but high significance for metabolism and carbon balance
Authors: Tcherkez Guillaume , Gauthier Paul , Buckley Thomas N. , Busch Florian A. , Barbour Margaret M. , Bruhn Dan , Heskel Mary A. , Gong Xiao Ying , Crous Kristine Y. , Griffin Kevin , Way Danielle , Turnbull Matthew , Adams Mark A. , Atkin Owen K. , Farquhar Graham D. , Cornic Gabriel 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIt has been 75 yr since leaf respiratory metabolism in the light (day respiration) was identified as a low‐flux metabolic pathway that accompanies photosynthesis. In principle, it provides carbon backbones for nitrogen assimilation and evolves CO2 and thus impacts on plant carbon and nitrogen balances. However, for a long time, uncertainties have remained as to whether techniques used to measure day respiratory efflux were valid and whether day respiration responded to environmental gaseous conditions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made using carbon isotopes, ‘omics’ analyses and surveys of respiration rates in mesocosms or ecosystems. There is substantial evidence that day respiration should be viewed as a highly dynamic metabolic pathway that interacts with photosynthesis and photorespiration and responds to atmospheric CO2 mole fraction. The view of leaf day respiration as a constant and/or negligible parameter of net carbon exchange is now outdated and it should now be regarded as a central actor of plant carbon‐use efficiency.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Pioneering metabolic studies of day respiration with 14C
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III.
Metabolic flux pattern of day respiration
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IV.
Significance of day respiration for leaf N assimilation
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Significance of day respiration for leaf gas exchange
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VI.
Is day respiration influenced by CO2 mole fraction?
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VII.
Significance of day respiration at the plant and ecosystem levels
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VIII.
Conclusions and perspectives
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References
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Prevalence of Malaria in blood donor population from a tertiary care centre and effective donor notification and counselling policy
Authors: Makroo R. N. , Agrawal S. , Chowdhry M. , NL R. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectiveTransfusion‐transmitted malaria is of great concern in endemic countries. From 1940, the Drugs and Cosmetic Act in India mandates the testing of all blood donations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV), malaria and syphilis. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malaria among blood donors and to summarize our experience with the notification algorithm that was developed for infected donors.Materials and MethodsRecords of all eligible donors, which were collected between 2011 and 2015, were analysed for the prevalence of malaria. Malaria screening was performed using by WHO‐approved immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (Malascan®; Zephyr Biomedicals, India) for malarial antigen and confirmed by thick and thin blood smear. Those testing positive for malaria were called for post‐test counselling.ResultsA total of 108184 blood donors donated during the analysed period. Twenty‐six donors (0·024%) tested positive for malarial antigen by RDT. One (3·8%) of the 18 donors with double band on RDT showed the presence of mixed infection (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum). Fifteen (83·3%) donors were infected with P. falciparum. In the remaining two (11·1%) positive samples, further analysis by microscopy failed to find any evidence of malaria. There were eight non‐falciparum cases of P. vivax. Twenty‐one (80·8%) infected donations were avoided by post‐test counselling strategy as these donors underwent treatment prior to scheduling their next blood donation.ConclusionBlood donors in our region have a 0·024% prevalence of malaria. With proper donor testing, notification and post‐test counselling the rate of TTM can be further minimized.
A novel reconfigurable electromagnetically induced transparency based on S-PINs
Authors: Xue Feng , Liu Shao-Bin , Zhang Hai-Feng , Wen Yong-Diao , Kong Xiang-Kun , Li Hai-Ming 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on S-PINs is theoretically analyzed. Unit cell of the structure consists of a cutwire (CW), split ring resonator (SRR), and solid state plasma (SS plasma) patches which are composed of S-PIN array. The destructive interference between the CW and SRR results in a narrowband transparency window accompanied with strong phase dispersion. The proposed design can obtain a tunable EIT with different frequencies range from 12.8 GHz to 16.5 GHz in a simple method by switching these S-PINs on or off selectively. The related parameters of the S-PIN such as the size, carrier concentration, and volt-ampere characteristics have been studied theoretically. The interaction and coupling between two resonators are investigated in detail by the analysis of the current distribution and E-field strength as well. The research results provide an effective way to realize reconfigurable compact slow-light devices.
Selective inhibition of physiological late Na+ current stabilizes ventricular repolarization
Authors: El-Bizri Nesrine , Li Cindy Hong , Liu Gong-Xin , Rajamani Sridharan , Belardinelli Luiz 
Published: October 2017

The physiological role of cardiac late Na+ current ( INa) has not been well described. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that selective inhibition of physiological late INa abbreviates the normal action potential (AP) duration (APD) and counteracts the prolongation of APD and arrhythmic activities caused by inhibition of the delayed rectifier K+ current ( IKr). The effects of GS-458967 (GS967) on the physiological late INa and APs in rabbit isolated ventricular myocytes and on the monophasic APs and arrhythmias in rabbit isolated perfused hearts were determined. In ventricular myocytes, GS967 and, for comparison, tetrodotoxin concentration dependently decreased the physiological late INa with IC50 values of 0.5 and 1.9 µM, respectively, and significantly shortened the APD measured at 90% repolarization (APD90). A strong correlation between inhibition of the physiological late INa and shortening of APD by GS967 or tetrodotoxin ( R2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively) was observed. Pretreatment of isolated myocytes or hearts with GS967 (1 µM) significantly shortened APD90 and monophasic APD90 and prevented the prolongation and associated arrhythmias caused by the IKr inhibitor E4031 (1 µM). In conclusion, selective inhibition of physiological late INa shortens the APD, stabilizes ventricular repolarization, and decreases the proarrhythmic potential of pharmacological agents that slow ventricular repolarization. Thus, selective inhibition of late INa may constitute a generalizable approach to stabilize ventricular repolarization and suppress arrhythmogenicity associated with conditions whereby AP or QT intervals are prolonged. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The contribution of physiological late Na+ current in action potential duration (APD) of rabbit cardiac myocytes was estimated. The inhibition of this current prevented the prolongation of APD in rabbit cardiac myocytes, the prolongation of monophasic APD, and generation of arrhythmias in rabbit isolated hearts caused by delayed rectifier K+ current inhibition.
Endothelial cell senescence with aging in healthy humans: prevention by habitual exercise and relation to vascular endothelial function
Authors: Rossman Matthew J. , Kaplon Rachelle E. , Hill Sierra D. , McNamara Molly N. , Santos-Parker Jessica R. , Pierce Gary L. , Seals Douglas R. , Donato Anthony J. 
Published: October 2017

Cellular senescence is emerging as a key mechanism of age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction, but evidence in healthy humans is lacking. Moreover, the influence of lifestyle factors such as habitual exercise on endothelial cell (EC) senescence is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that EC senescence increases with sedentary, but not physically active, aging and is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression (quantitative immunofluorescence) of p53, a transcription factor related to increased cellular senescence, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 were 116%, 119%, and 128% greater (all P < 0.05), respectively, in ECs obtained from antecubital veins of older sedentary (60 ± 1 yr, n = 12) versus young sedentary (22 ± 1 yr, n = 9) adults. These age-related differences were not present (all P > 0.05) in venous ECs from older exercising adults (57 ± 1 yr, n = 13). Furthermore, venous EC protein levels of p53 ( r = −0.49, P = 0.003), p21 ( r = −0.38, P = 0.03), and p16 ( r = −0.58, P = 0.002) were inversely associated with vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation). Similarly, protein expression of p53 and p21 was 26% and 23% higher (both P < 0.05), respectively, in ECs sampled from brachial arteries of healthy older sedentary (63 ± 1 yr, n = 18) versus young sedentary (25 ± 1 yr, n = 9) adults; age-related changes in arterial EC p53 and p21 expression were not observed ( P > 0.05) in older habitually exercising adults (59 ± 1 yr, n = 14). These data indicate that EC senescence is associated with sedentary aging and is linked to endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, these data suggest that prevention of EC senescence may be one mechanism by which aerobic exercise protects against endothelial dysfunction with age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study provides novel evidence in humans of increased endothelial cell senescence with sedentary aging, which is associated with impaired vascular endothelial function. Furthermore, our data suggest an absence of age-related increases in endothelial cell senescence in older exercising adults, which is linked with preserved vascular endothelial function. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/aging-exercise-and-endothelial-cell-senescence/ .
Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults
Authors: Fonkoue Ida T. , Schwartz Christopher E. , Wang Min , Carter Jason R. 
Published: October 2017

Black adults have a higher risk of hypertension compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults, but physiological mechanisms underlying this predisposition remain unclear. This study compared muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to mental stress in a group of young black and NHW participants. We hypothesized that the sympathoexcitation associated with mental stress would be greater in black adults compared with NHW participants. Thirty-five male adults (19 black, 23 ± 1 yr; 16 NHW, 22 ± 1 yr) were examined during 5-min supine baseline and 5 min of mental stress (via mental arithmetic). Baseline mean arterial pressure (80 ± 2 vs. 82 ± 1 mmHg), heart rate (61 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 2 beats/min), MSNA (13 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 2 bursts/min), and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (−1.1 ± 0.4 vs. −1.5 ± 0.3 bursts·100 heart beats−1·mmHg−1) were not significantly different between NHW and black adults ( P > 0.05), respectively. MSNA reactivity to mental stress was significantly higher in NHW compared with black adults (time × race, P = 0.006), with a particularly divergent responsiveness during the first minute of mental stress in NHW (Δ4 ± 1 burst/min) and black (Δ−2 ± 2 burst/min; P = 0.022) men. Blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to mental stress were similar between groups. In summary, black participants demonstrated a lower MSNA responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW adults. These findings suggest that, despite a higher prevalence of hypertension, black subjects do not appear to have higher neural and cardiovascular responsiveness to mental stress compared with NHW. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Black men have a blunted muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to mental stress compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) men, especially at the onset of mental stress when muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased in blacks and increased in NHW men. Thus, despite a high prevalence of hypertension in blacks, normotensive NHW men display a greater peripheral sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress than black men.
Hypermutated Circulating Tumor DNA: Correlation with Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor–Based Immunotherapy
Authors: Khagi Yulian , Goodman Aaron M. , Daniels Gregory A. , Patel Sandip P. , Sacco Assuntina G. , Randall James M. , Bazhenova Lyudmila A. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor mutational burden detected by tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS) correlates with checkpoint inhibitor response. However, tissue biopsy may be costly and invasive. We sought to investigate the association between hypermutated blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and checkpoint inhibitor response.
Experimental Design: We assessed 69 patients with diverse malignancies who received checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy and blood-derived ctDNA NGS testing (54–70 genes). Rates of stable disease (SD) ≥6 months, partial and complete response (PR, CR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed based on total and VUS alterations.
Results: Statistically significant improvement in PFS was associated with high versus low alteration number in variants of unknown significance (VUS, &gt;3 alterations versus VUS ≤3 alterations), SD ≥6 months/PR/CR 45% versus 15%, respectively; P = 0.014. Similar results were seen with high versus low total alteration number (characterized plus VUS, ≥6 vs. &lt;6). Statistically significant OS improvement was also associated with high VUS alteration status. Two-month landmark analysis showed that responders versus nonresponders with VUS &gt;3 had a median PFS of 23 versus 2.3 months (P = 0.0004).
Conclusions: Given the association of alteration number on liquid biopsy and checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy outcomes, further investigation of hypermutated ctDNA as a predictive biomarker is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5729–36. ©2017 AACR.
Suicide patterns on the London Underground railway system, 2000–2010
Authors: Martin Susanna , Rawala Muffazal 
Published: October 2017

Aims and MethodSuicidal acts on underground railway networks are an area of public health concern. Our aim was to review recent epidemiological patterns of suicidal acts on the London Underground to inform future preventive interventions. Data from 2000 to 2010 were obtained from the British Transport Police via a Freedom of Information request.ResultsThe mean annual rate of suicidal acts from 2000 to 2010 was 5.8 per 100 million passenger journey stages. Of those who died by suicide, 77.3% were of White Northern European ethnicity. A fifth had a history of mental illness.Clinical implicationsThe widening gap between the number of recorded suicide attempts and completed suicides is encouraging. Further research is required regarding the role of drug and alcohol use, psychiatric history and area of residence. Installation of platform screen doors should be considered in future railway network expansion.