bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who returns and becomes a regular blood donor? Analysis of a donor database in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kashimura M. , Goto A. , Nollet K. E. , Ohto H. , Yasumura S. , Konno K. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectiveA Frequent Blood Donor Club has been established by the Japanese Red Cross Society to ensure a steady supply of safe blood. This study investigated the characteristics of club members.Materials and MethodsDatabase information on 50 954 donors in Fukushima Prefecture was extracted, and 1907 club members and random selections of 2030 first‐time and 2137 returning donors were enroled (sampling proportions of 40% and 5%, respectively). Eleven survey items were compared between the first‐time to returning donors and returning donors to club members, using logistic regression analysis.ResultsWhile 78·9% of first‐time and 86·9% of returning donors donated whole blood, 60·2% of club members donated platelet concentrate. Median number of previous donations was 7 for returning donors and 60 for club members. Eight factors were significantly associated with either donors’ return or registration in the donor club: three basic characteristics (age, sex, occupation and region), two blood donation items (no intention of future donation and donation at a fixed location) and three health and lifestyle items (BMI, systolic blood pressure and sleep duration).ConclusionsClub members were characterised by higher numbers of previous donations and a preference for component donations. Young people and women were less likely to be returning donors. Directed efforts to recruit and retain donors considering their donation sites and health status are recommended to ensure a stable blood supply now and in the future.
Comparison of a computed tomographic pulmonary trunk to aorta diameter ratio with echocardiographic indices of pulmonary hypertension in dogs
Authors: Sutherland‐Smith James , Hankin Elyshia J. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Sato Amy F. , Barton Bruce A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere are limited criteria for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary disease. This retrospective analytical exploratory study compared a CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio with echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary hypertension. Dogs having both a contrast thoracic CT and echocardiogram were selected and maximal pulmonary trunk and descending aorta diameters were measured by two observers on a single transverse CT image. Computed tomographic diameter ratios were compared with the echocardiographic parameters of tricuspid regurgitation gradient, right ventricular acceleration time‐to‐ejection time ratio, pulmonary insufficiency gradient, and pulmonary artery to aorta diameter. A total of 78 dogs were sampled, with 44 dogs having one or more finding suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. A moderate positive correlation was shown between tricuspid regurgitation gradient and CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio (r = 0.61, P‐value < 0.0001). Mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio of dogs with moderate (P = 0.0132) and severe (P < 0.0003) pulmonary hypertension were significantly higher than normal dogs. There was no significant difference in mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio between normal and mild pulmonary hypertension dogs (P = 0.4244). The intraclass correlation coefficient (0.72) showed good reproducibility of the ratio. Findings indicated that CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio is a reproducible and potentially useful method to predict moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension in dogs, but not mild pulmonary hypertension. In dogs undergoing thoracic CT for pulmonary disease, an increased ratio should prompt follow up echocardiography.
Ultrasonographic identification of the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament in dogs
Authors: de Vicente Felipe , Hammond Gawain 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability to identify the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament during ultrasonographic examination of dogs.Study designCanine cadaveric study.Sample populationCanine cervical spines (n = 35).MethodsThirty‐five canine cadavers with an estimated body weight of 6‐35 kg were retrieved. Five cervical spines were dissected to assess the length and thickness of the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament and correlate ultrasound‐guided injection of ink with anatomical dissection. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament was performed on 30 cadavers. The visibility of the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament in both the transverse and the sagittal planes was subjectively scored (0‐3).ResultsThe dorsal atlantoaxial ligament was detectable on ultrasonographic examination in all cadavers: 27/30 and 28/30 were graded as moderately visible (grade 2) or clearly visible (grade 3) in the sagittal and transverse view, respectively. Only 1/30 cadaver specimen of a large breed dog was graded as 1 (indistinct) in both the sagittal and transverse planes. None of the cadavers were graded as 0 (not visible) in any view.ConclusionThe dorsal atlantoaxial ligament can be identified in ultrasonographic examination of normal canine cadavers. Future studies on animals with clinical atlantoaxial instability/subluxation are needed to evaluate the role of this imaging technique in providing a safer diagnosis of this condition.Clinical relevanceUltrasonographic examination of the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament could potentially provide a noninvasive and safe imaging technique that may contribute to the diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability/subluxation in dogs.
A Carrel patch technique for renal transplantation in cats
Authors: Budgeon Casey , Hardie Robert J. , McAnulty Jonathan F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of a Carrel patch method in feline renal transplantation.Study designDescriptive case series.AnimalsNine healthy donor cats and 9 client recipient cats with chronic renal failure.MethodsRenal transplantation was performed in 9 cats with chronic renal failure after collection of a donor's left kidney with a Carrel patch technique. A patch of donor aortic wall was removed with either 2 or 1 renal artery (ies) (n = 1 and 8 cats, respectively) central to the patch, with a cuff of tissue (≤1 mm) protruding from the base of the vessels. The Carrel patch was implanted in recipient cats with an end‐to‐side artery‐to‐aorta anastomosis, in a simple‐continuous pattern of 9‐0 nylon. The renal vein and ureter were implanted as previously described.ResultsAll donors and recipients survived surgery without vascular complication.ConclusionThe Carrel patch is a novel approach allowing the harvest of kidneys with multiple renal arteries. The technique also simplified the implant procedure, potentially decreasing the risks of bleeding and thrombosis.
The Wound‐QoL questionnaire on quality of life in chronic wounds is highly reliable
Authors: Sommer Rachel , Augustin Matthias , Hampel‐Kalthoff Carsten , Blome Christine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Wound‐QoL questionnaire has been tested in a previous study, indicating that the instrument is a reliable and valid measurement for the assessment of HRQoL in chronic wounds. The aim of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability of the Wound‐QoL. Patients were asked to complete the Wound‐QoL twice within 3–7 days. Next to descriptive statistics, internal consistency was determined. Test–retest reliability was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient. The data showed ICCs between 0.79 and 0.86, which can be considered evidence of excellent reliability. Another indicator of very good reliability, high internal consistency of both global score, and subscale scores were found. The availability of the Wound‐QoL provides a step forward in allowing measurement of the HRQoL in chronic wounds. The instrument is fit for use to measure outcomes in clinical trials and as well to assess treatment outcomes in routine practice.
Profiling of glycan alterations in regrowing limb tissues of Cynops orientalis
Authors: Cui Jihong , Zheng Hanxue , Zhang Jing , Jia Liyuan , Feng Yalong , Wang Wenjun , Li Hongmin , Chen Fulin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlycans are known to play important roles in molecular recognition, cell–cell adhesion, molecular trafficking, receptor activation, and signal transduction during development and regeneration. Despite numerous investigations of regenerating salamander limbs, global analysis of the precise variation of glycans during the limb regeneration process has received little attention. Here, we have used lectin microarrays and lectin histochemistry to analyze the alterations and distribution of glycans during the early stages leading to blastema formation during Cynops orientalis limb regeneration in response to limb amputation. Compared with the control group, analysis at several time points (3, 7, and 14 days postamputation) using microarrays containing 37 lectins showed that limb tissues expressed significantly different complements of glycans recognized by 9 different lectins. Postamputation limb tissues showed higher expression of two glycan structures recognized by the lectins STL and LTL and lower expression of seven glycan structures recognized by PHA‐E, MAL‐I, SNA, UEA‐I, PHA‐E + L, VVA, and GNA. We also observed significant changes in glycans specifically at 7 days postamputation, including higher binding capacity by WFA, GSL‐I, and NPA and lower binding capacity by PNA, HHL, ConA, LCA, GSL‐II, and PWM. Next, we validated our lectin microarray data using lectin histochemistry in limb tissues. Glycans recognized by STL and GNA showed similar changes in signal intensity to those found in the lectin microarrays, with STL staining in the cytoplasm and GNA in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our findings are the first report of significant postamputation changes in glycans in limb tissues and suggest that those glycans perform potentially important functions during the early stages of C. orientalis limb regeneration.
Efficacy of a surfactant‐based wound dressing on biofilm control
Authors: Percival Steven L. , Mayer Dieter , Salisbury Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of both a nonantimicrobial and antimicrobial (1% silver sulfadiazine—SSD) surfactant‐based wound dressing in the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms. Anti‐biofilm efficacy was evaluated in numerous adapted American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biofilm models and other bespoke biofilm models. The ASTM standard models employed included the Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) biofilm model (ASTM E2799) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor model (ASTM 2871). Such bespoke biofilm models included the filter biofilm model and the chamberslide biofilm model. Results showed complete kill of microorganisms within a biofilm using the antimicrobial surfactant‐based wound dressing. Interestingly, the nonantimicrobial surfactant‐based dressing could disrupt existing biofilms by causing biofilm detachment. Prior to biofilm detachment, we demonstrated, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the dispersive effect of the nonantimicrobial surfactant‐based wound dressing on the biofilm within 10 minutes of treatment. Furthermore, the non‐antimicrobial surfactant‐based wound dressing caused an increase in microbial flocculation/aggregation, important for microbial concentration. In conclusion, this nonantimicrobial surfactant‐based wound dressing leads to the effective detachment and dispersion of in vitro biofilms. The use of surfactant‐based wound dressings in a clinical setting may help to disrupt existing biofilm from wound tissue and may increase the action of antimicrobial treatment.
The Role of BAFF System Molecules in Host Response to Pathogens
Authors: Sakai Jiro , Akkoyunlu Mustafa 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe two ligands B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and the three receptors BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are members of the “BAFF system molecules.” BAFF system molecules are primarily involved in B cell homeostasis. The relevance of BAFF system molecules in host responses to microbial assaults has been investigated in clinical studies and in mice deficient for each of these molecules. Many microbial products modulate the expression of these molecules. Data from clinical studies suggest a correlation between increased expression levels of BAFF system molecules and elevated B cell responses. Depending on the pathogen, heightened B cell responses may strengthen the host response or promote susceptibility. Whereas pathogen-mediated increases in the expression levels of the ligands and/or the receptors appear to promote microbial clearance, certain pathogens have evolved to ablate B cell responses by suppressing the expression of TACI and/or BAFF-R on B cells. Other than its well-established role in B cell responses, the TACI-mediated activation of macrophages is also implicated in resistance to intracellular pathogens. An improved understanding of the role that BAFF system molecules play in infection may assist in devising novel strategies for vaccine development.
Localization of Double-Strand Break Repair Proteins to Viral Replication Compartments following Lytic Reactivation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Hollingworth Robert , Horniblow Richard D. , Forrest Calum , Stewart Grant S. , Grand Roger J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are recognized by the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and result in activation of the DNA-PK and ATM kinases, which play key roles in regulating the cellular DNA damage response (DDR). DNA tumor viruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are known to interact extensively with the DDR during the course of their replicative cycles. Here we show that during lytic amplification of KSHV DNA, the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRN complex consistently colocalize with viral genomes in replication compartments (RCs), whereas other DSB repair proteins form foci outside RCs. Depletion of MRE11 and abrogation of its exonuclease activity negatively impact viral replication, while in contrast, knockdown of Ku80 and inhibition of the DNA-PK enzyme, which are involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, enhance amplification of viral DNA. Although the recruitment of DSB-sensing proteins to KSHV RCs is a consistent occurrence across multiple cell types, activation of the ATM-CHK2 pathway during viral replication is a cell line-specific event, indicating that recognition of viral DNA by the DDR does not necessarily result in activation of downstream signaling pathways. We have also observed that newly replicated viral DNA is not associated with cellular histones. Since the presence and modification of these DNA-packaging proteins provide a scaffold for docking of multiple DNA repair factors, the absence of histone deposition may allow the virus to evade localization of DSB repair proteins that would otherwise have a detrimental effect on viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Tumor viruses are known to interact with machinery responsible for detection and repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, although detail concerning how Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) modulates these cellular pathways during its lytic replication phase was previously lacking. By undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the localization of DSB repair proteins during KSHV replication, we have determined that a DNA damage response (DDR) is directed to viral genomes but is distinct from the response to cellular DNA damage. We also demonstrate that although recruitment of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) DSB-sensing complex to viral genomes and activation of the ATM kinase can promote KSHV replication, proteins involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair restrict amplification of viral DNA. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the virus-host interactions that occur during lytic replication of KSHV and provides a deeper insight into how the DDR is manipulated during viral infection.
Randomised controlled trial of two sequential artemisinin-based combination therapy regimens to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children: a protocol to investigate safety, efficacy and adherence
Authors: Schallig Henk DFH , Tinto Halidou , Sawa Patrick , Kaur Harparkash , Duparc Stephan , Ishengoma Deus S , Magnussen Pascal , Alifrangis Michael , Sutherland Colin J 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundManagement of uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparummalaria relies on artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). These highly effective regimens have contributed to reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. However, artemisinin resistance in Asia and changing parasite susceptibility to ACT in Africa have now been well documented. Strategies that retain current ACT as efficacious treatments are urgently needed.MethodsWe present an open-label, randomised three-arm clinical trial protocol in three African settings representative of varying malaria epidemiology to investigate whether prolonged ACT-based regimens using currently available formulations can eliminate potentially resistant parasites. The protocol investigates whether a sequential course of two licensed ACT in 1080 children aged 6–120 months exhibits superior efficacy against acuteP. falciparummalaria and non-inferior safety compared with standard single-course ACT given to 540 children. The primary endpoint is PCR-corrected clinical and parasitological response at day 42 or day 63 of follow-up. Persistence of PCR-detectable parasitaemia at day 3 is analysed as a key covariate. Secondary endpoints include gametocytaemia, occurrence of treatment-related adverse events in the double-ACT versus single-ACT arms, carriage of molecular markers of drug resistance, drug kinetics and patient adherence to treatment.DiscussionThis protocol addresses efficacy and safety of sequential ACT regimens inP. falciparummalaria in Africa. The approach is designed to extend the useful life of this class of antimalarials with maximal impact and minimal delay, by deploying licensed medicines that could be swiftly implemented as sequential double ACT by National Malaria Control Programmes, before emerging drug resistance in Africa becomes a major threat to public health.
Intersectoral approaches and integrated services in achieving the right to health for refugees upon resettlement: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Javadi Dena , Langlois Etienne V , Ho Shirley , Friberg Peter , Tomson Göran 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionGlobal insecurity and climate change are exacerbating the need for improved management of refugee resettlement services. International standards hold states responsible for the protection of the right of non-citizens to an adequate standard of physical and mental health while recognising the importance of social determinants of health. However, programmes to protect refugees’ right to health often lack coordination and monitoring. This paper describes the protocol for a scoping review to explore barriers and facilitators to the integration of health services for refugees; the content, process and actors involved in protecting refugee health; and the extent to which intersectoral approaches are leveraged to protect refugees’ right to health on resettlement, especially for vulnerable groups such as women and children.Methods and analysisPeer-reviewed (through four databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health and PsycINFO) and grey literature were searched to identify programmes and interventions designed to promote refugee health in receiving countries. Two reviewers will screen articles and abstract data. Two frameworks for integration and intersectoral action will be applied to understand how and why certain approaches work while others do not and to identify the actors involved in achieving success at different levels of integration as defined by these frameworks.Ethics and disseminationFindings from the scoping review will be shared in relevant conferences and meetings. A brief will be created with lessons learnt from successful programmes to inform decision making in design of refugee programmes and services. Ethical approval is not required as human subjects are not involved.Trial registration numberRegistered on Open Science Framework athttps://osf.io/gt9ck/.
Workflow and factors associated with delay in the delivery of intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the MR CLEAN trial
Authors: Venema Esmee , Boodt Nikki , Berkhemer Olvert A , Rood Pleunie P M , van Zwam Wim H , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , van der Lugt Aad , Roos Yvo B W E M , Majoie Charles B L M , Lingsma Hester F , Dippel Diederik W J 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe effect of intra-arterial treatment (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke is highly time-dependent. We investigated the delay of IAT and factors associated with such delay.MethodsMR CLEAN was a randomized trial of IAT plus usual care versus usual care alone (n=500). With multivariable linear regression, we analyzed the effect of intravenous treatment, general anesthesia, off-hours and inter-hospital transfer on time to admission to the emergency department (ED) of the intervention center and time to treatment. Furthermore, we assessed compliance with a target of 75 min for time from ED to treatment, and calculated the potential absolute increase in the number of patients with a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) if this target had been achieved in all treated patients.ResultsInter-hospital transfer prolonged time to ED by 140 min (95% CI 129 to 150) but reduced time from ED to treatment by 77 min (95% CI 64 to 91). Time from ED to treatment was increased by 19 min by general anesthesia (95% CI 5 to 33) and total time was increased by 23 min during off-hours (95% CI 6 to 40). The in-hospital target was achieved in 11.5% (22/192) of patients. Full compliance with the target time of 75 min from ED to treatment would have increased the proportion of patients with a good outcome by 7.6% (95% CI 6.7% to 8.5%).ConclusionInter-hospital transfer is an important cause of delay in the delivery of IAT and every effort should be made to avoid transfers and reduce transfer-related delay. Furthermore, in-hospital workflow should be optimized to improve functional outcome after IAT.