bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban governance and informality in China’s Pearl River Delta
Authors: Schröder Friederike , Waibel Michael 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Against the background of current economic upgrading trends in China’s so called “factory of the world“, the Pearl River Delta, this paper adopts an analytical urban governance perspective to investigate the role of informality in urban affairs. In the wake of dynamic economic and urban growth coinciding with rising environmental and social issues, local governments increasingly re-orientate their urban development strategies and apply flexible modes in responding to these challenges. The main hypothesis of this paper is that informality in particular is used as a tool of flexibility and that experimental policies as typical characteristics of the transitional process in China are widely applied nowadays to attract knowledge-intensive and service-oriented industries as well as a highly educated, and presumably creative, workforce. The hypothesis is validated by empirical research analyzing governance processes in development and locational policies of Guangzhou Science City.
From smart specialisation to smart experimentation
Authors: Benner Maximilian 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The idea of smart specialisation has gained high prominence in the discourse about the regional policy of the European Union (EU). In the coming program period from 2014 to 2020 it is expected to be a major pillar of EU structural funds. The notion of smart specialisation incorporates some basic principles of evolutionary economics and centers on the idea of an entrepreneurial discovery process of new trajectories on the regional level. It does not, however, sufficiently take into account the relevance of individual agents, their actions, and their relations with each other in the identification, creation, development, and destruction of technological and economic trajectories. For this, a focus on micro-level dynamics is needed that provides the base for experimentation. Therefore, this paper proposes the new concept of smart experimentation. This notion aims to complement smart specialisation. It is anchored not only in evolutionary economics, but also in relational economic geography.
Intergovernmental fiscal transfers to support local conservation action in Europe
Authors: Schröter-Schlaack Christoph , Ring Irene , Koellner Thomas , Santos Rui , Antunes Paula , Clemente Pedro , Mathevet Raphaël , Borie Maud , Grodzińska-Jurczak Małgorzata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Against the background of ongoing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, there is a need for more conservation efforts at all governance levels that also take into account the needs of subnational governments, cities and other local authorities. This paper presents a rationale for including ecological indicators in intergovernmental fiscal transfers that redistribute public revenue from national and regional state governments to decentralised governments. Although recommended for introduction in a number of European countries (such as Germany and Poland), to date only Portugal and to some extent France have implemented fiscal transfers for biodiversity conservation in Europe. In this paper we provide, first, a review of existing and proposed schemes across Europe, classifying them in relation to the stages of a policy cycle. Second, we identify critical design features of ecological fiscal transfers (EFT) in order to develop recommendations for improving existing or introducing new EFT schemes.
Ultrasonic Velocity and Compressibility Studies of Tetraalkylammonium Salts in Acetonitrile + Methanol Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K
Authors: Anand Hardeep , Verma Renu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The ultrasonic velocities (u) and densities (ρ) of
tetraalkylammonium perchlorates (R4NClO4, where
R = Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl or Butyl) and tetrabutylammonium
tetraphenylborate (Bu4NPh4B) solutions have been measured
at different salt concentrations in the range
(30–500) × 10−4 mol kg
–1 in binary
mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) with methanol (MeOH)
containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol %
methanol at 298.15 K. The isentropic compressibilities
(K

s
) and apparent molal isentropic compressibilities
(K

s,φ
) of different salts in the solvent mixtures have
been calculated. Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities
(K

o

s,φ
) for various salts have been evaluated and
split into contributions of individual ions i.e., into
(K

o

s,φ
)± values. The variation of
(K

o

s,φ
)± values with solvent composition shows
that Bu4N+ and Ph4B+ have very large
positive (K

o

s,φ
)± values which show strong
solvophobic interactions in AN and in
AN + MeOH mixtures over the entire solvent
composition range. These positive values indicate some special type of
interactions with the solvent molecules, which increase with the
increase of MeOH composition. ClO4

–
shows much
weaker solvation in AN + MeOH mixtures by having
some interaction with AN in the AN rich region of the
mixtures. The negative values of Me4N+ and
Et4N+ ions show strong structural effects which arise due
to solute-solvent interactions in MeOH rich region of mixtures.
A Quality Improvement Collaborative to Improve Pediatric Primary Care Genetic Services
Authors: Rinke Michael L. , Driscoll Amy , Mikat-Stevens Natalie , Healy Jill , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Elias Abdallah F. , Pletcher Beth A. , Gubernick Ruth S. , Larson Ingrid , Chung Wendy K. , Tarini Beth A. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:To investigate if a national pediatric primary care quality improvement collaborative (QIC) could improve and sustain adherence with process measures related to diagnosis and management of children with genetic disorders.METHODS:Thirteen practices in 11 states from the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Quality Improvement Innovation Networks participated in a 6-month QIC that included regular educational opportunities, access to genetic professionals, and performance feedback. The QIC identified 11 aims related to improving diagnosis and management of children with genetic disorders. The practices evaluated adherence by reviewing patient records at baseline, monthly for 6 months (active improvement period), and then once 6 months after the QIC’s conclusion to check for sustainability. Random intercept binomial regression models with practice level random intercepts were used to compare adherence over time for each aim.RESULTS:During the active improvement period, statistically significant improvements in adherence were observed for 4 of the 7 aims achieving minimal data submission levels. For example, adherence improved for family histories created/maintained at health supervision visits documenting all components of the family history (6% vs 60%, P &lt; .001), and for patients with specific genetic disorders who received recommended care (58% vs 85%, P &lt; .001). All 4 of these aims also demonstrated statistically significant improvements during the sustainability period.CONCLUSIONS:A national QIC reveals promise in improving and sustaining adherence with process measures related to the diagnosis and management of genetic disorders. Future research should focus on patient outcome measures and the optimal number of aims to pursue in QICs.
Three years in and still going strong: An annual recap for the <i>Journal of Melittology</i>
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Gonzalez Victor H. 
Published: January 2016

The activities of the Journal of Melittology for its third complete year and goals for the coming year are summarized. Advances for 2015 included the automatic registration and incorporation of DOIs for each article and the release of 12 articles, collectively encompassing 202 pages.
A new species of <i>Colletes</i> (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae) from northern Florida and Georgia, with notes on the <i>Colletes</i> of those states
Authors: Hall H Glenn , Almquist David T , Ascher John S 
Published: January 2016

Colletes ultravalidus Hall & Ascher, new species, is described from several sites in northwestern Florida and southeastern Georgia. It is a member of the inaequalis species group, very similar to C. validus Cresson, a specialist of Ericaceae, but can be distinguished by an even more elongate malar area and the absence of conspicuous tergal fascia. Colletes ultravalidus has been found flying from early winter to early spring when it forms nest aggregations in xeric sites adjacent to shrub bog or basin swamp, the habitat of Pieris phyllyreifolia (Hook.) DC. (Ericaceae), the most likely, but as yet unconfirmed, host plant of the new species. State records of Colletes for Florida and Georgia are reviewed and discrepancies in taxonomy and distributional limits between Stephen’s 1954 revision of the genus and Mitchell’s 1960 monograph of eastern North American bees are noted. We concur with Stephen that the distributions of several taxa in Colletes are more limited than that reported by Mitchell.
Uncovering the Golden Veil: Applying the Evidence for Telephone Screening to Detect Early Postpartum Depression
Authors: BenDavid Dina N. , Hunker Diane F. , Spadaro Kathleen C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPostpartum depression (PPD) is often detected later than symptom onset, or even undetected, because of lack of prompt or adequate screening. An evidence-based PPD screening protocol using a telephone-based format within a primary care practice was developed to identify symptoms and initiate treatment between 2 and 3 weeks postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used, with positive screens referred for provider and support services, and then tracked for follow-through. Fifty-two percent of women screened positive. Sixty-four percent accepted both provider and support referrals, with 89% follow-through with provider referrals and 78% follow-through with support referrals. Outcomes support early screening for PPD using a telephone-based format to effectively identify symptoms and acceptance of referrals by participants.
Understanding Factors That Influence Adolescent Mothers’ Doula Use: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Coley Sheryl L. , Nichols Tracy R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined factors that influenced doula use among adolescent mothers in a community-based childbirth education and doula program. We used a qualitative case study approach to gather perspectives from adolescent mothers and doulas through semistructured interviews, field observations, and a focus group. These women collectively revealed multiple themes related to doula use among adolescent mothers, including relationship development and barriers to doula use at the individual and structural levels. Effective training and support for doulas that serve adolescent clients can improve these mothers’ birth experiences, and program planners in the United States and other countries can use process evaluations to improve doula programs for adolescent mothers.
Eff ect of gamma rays on germination, morphological and yield characters of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench)
Authors: P. Pavadai R. Elangovan, 
Published: January 2016

<p>Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) is the most common vegetable crop of the world. The genus Abelmoschus belongs to family Malvaceae is represented by 12 species. This investigation was carried out to the study of different doses of gamma irradiation on bhendi seeds of varieties arka anamika. Gamma irradiation treatment at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 KR levels. The main objective of the present study is to determine the effect gamma irradiation on different morpho-agronomic characteristics. Agronomic traits were analyzed such as days of first flower, height of plants, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, seed yield per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, 100 seed weight. The seed pre-soaked in distilled water for 6 h before the sown in the field. The results showed that the positive shift with respect to all parameters. High doses of gamma<br />irradiation (40 and 50 KR) observed in moderate to high values.</p>
El Niño Southern Oscillation Effects on Dryland Crop Production in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Baumhardt R. L. , Mauget S. A. , Schwartz R. C. , Jones O. R. 
Published: January 2016

Risk averse dryland crop management in the U.S. southern High Plains stabilizes annual yields, however in some years the full yield potential is unrealized thereby reducing the overall cropping system productivity. Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) systematically couple with the atmosphere to produce predictable El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) weather in much of North America that could be exploited for improved crop management. Our objective was to evaluate ENSO effects on site‐specific growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in a dryland wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation from 1954 to 2011. Measurements from contour farmed terraces were grouped by common ENSO phase years based on 3‐mo classification ending in June (April–June, AMJ) or August (June–August, JJA) that permits timely management of sorghum or wheat. Compared with years classified during September to November (SON) or mature ENSO phases, the JJA classification identified 78 and 68% of common La Niña and El Niño years, respectively, and may have potential application to wheat management. Poor agreement between SON and AMJ phase classifications reduced common La Niña and El Niño years to 61 and 53% respectively, and may limit grain sorghum management. Compared with La Nina, wheat growing‐season precipitation increased 31% for El Nino and contributed to a 55% increase in detrended grain yield differences. For the Texas High Plains, the ENSO phase effects on sorghum grain yield were less pronounced than for wheat, suggesting ENSO based management is better suited to wheat.Core Ideas
El Niño phases affected site‐specific rain and crop yield of a 58‐yr field test.
Wheat but not sorghum yields responded significantly to El Niño conditions.
Predicted El Niño phase has the potential to guide site‐specific wheat management.
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Response During Exercise in COPD: A Correlation with C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)
Authors: Varga Janos , Palinkas Attila , Lajko Imre , Horváth Ildikó , Boda Krisztina , Somfay Attila 
Published: January 2016

Background:
The non-invasive assessment of pulmonary haemodynamics during exercise provides complementary data for the evaluation of exercise tolerance in patients with
COPD.

Methods:
Exercise echocardiography in the semi-supine position was performed in 27 patients with COPD (C) with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of
36±12% predicted and 13 age and gender-matched non-COPD subjects (NC). COPD patients also underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas exchange detection (CPET). Furthermore, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of
systemic inflammation, was also measured.

Results:
The maximal work rate (WRmax) and aerobic capacity (VO2peak) were
significantly reduced (WRmax: 77±33 Watt, VO2peak: 50±14 %pred) in COPD.
Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PAPs) was higher in COPD versus controls both at
rest (39±5 vs. 31±2 mmHg, p<0.001), and at peak exercise (72±12 vs. 52±8 mmHg,
p<0.001). In 19 (70%) COPD patients, the increase in PAPs was above 22 mmHg. The
change in pressure (dPAPs) correlated with hsCRP (r2=0.53, p<0.0001) and forced vital
capacity (FVC) (r2=0.18, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
PAPs at rest and during exercise were significantly higher in COPD patients
and correlated with higher hsCRP. This may indicate a role for systemic inflammation
and hyperinflation in the pulmonary vasculature in COPD.

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov webpage with NCT00949195 registration number.
Efficacy of Adolescent Suicide Prevention E-Learning Modules for Gatekeepers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghoncheh Rezvan , Gould Madelyn S , Twisk Jos WR , Kerkhof Ad JFM , Koot Hans M 
Published: January 2016

Background
Face-to-face gatekeeper training can be an effective strategy in the enhancement of gatekeepers’ knowledge and self-efficacy in adolescent suicide prevention. However, barriers related to access (eg, time, resources) may hamper participation in face-to-face training sessions. The transition to a Web-based setting could address obstacles associated with face-to-face gatekeeper training. Although Web-based suicide prevention training targeting adolescents exists, so far no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to investigate their efficacy.

Objective
This RCT study investigated the efficacy of a Web-based adolescent suicide prevention program entitled Mental Health Online, which aimed to improve the knowledge and self-confidence of gatekeepers working with adolescents (12-20 years old). The program consisted of 8 short e-learning modules each capturing an important aspect of the process of early recognition, guidance, and referral of suicidal adolescents, alongside additional information on the topic of (adolescent) suicide prevention.

Methods
A total of 190 gatekeepers (ages 21 to 62 years) participated in this study and were randomized to either the experimental group or waitlist control group. The intervention was not masked. Participants from both groups completed 3 Web-based assessments (pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up). The outcome measures of this study were actual knowledge, and participants’ ratings of perceived knowledge and perceived self-confidence using questionnaires developed specifically for this study.

Results
The actual knowledge, perceived knowledge, and perceived self-confidence of gatekeepers in the experimental group improved significantly compared to those in the waitlist control group at posttest, and the effects remained significant at 3-month follow-up. The overall effect sizes were 0.76, 1.20, and 1.02, respectively, across assessments.

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that Web-based suicide prevention e-learning modules can be an effective educational method to enhance knowledge and self-confidence of gatekeepers with regard to adolescent suicide prevention. Gatekeepers with limited time and resources can benefit from the accessibility, simplicity, and flexibility of Web-based training.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Register NTR3625; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3625 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6eHvyRh6M)
Investigating the Need for Transparent Disclosures of Political Campaign Contributions and Lobbying Expenditures by U.S. Private Prison Corporations
Authors: Scott Winifred D. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Transparency is a fundamental principle of good corporate governance. A disclosure is an important mechanism that enhances corporate governance through increased transparency and better informed stakeholders. When a government operation contractually assigns prison services to a nongovernment for-profit entity, then that entity is fulfilling a public interest role of incarceration and should be accountable to the citizen taxpayers (i.e., the stakeholders). Accountability is important. But what happens to accountability when the mission statements and business strategies of the nongovernment for-profit entities diverge from the original government operation? The private prison industry, annually, spends thousands and sometimes millions of dollars toward political campaigns and lobbyists to influence and educate legislatures as a part of their corporate political strategy to ensure a steady stream of growing revenues. Consequently, various laws have been implemented resulting from successful lobbying efforts that affect the public interest. These nontrivial amounts are not disclosed in their annual reports or proxy statements. However, this information is reported in a disaggregated way in various non-SEC filings. This study shows that tracking federal and state lobbying expenditures and political campaign contributions is a complicated task for a trained staff of researchers, and would be quite difficult for most stakeholders; thus, current reporting obscures transparency. I thus argue for greater transparency by requiring mandatory disclosures of political contributions and lobbying expenditures in the financial statements of publicly held private prison corporations. Benefits of audited annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission would enhance the reliability of management assertions about expenditures related to political contributions and lobbying costs reported by private prison corporations and the detailed information would be presented in a single, complete disclosure. This new disclosure requirement would improve corporate governance, increase accountability, decrease information asymmetry that exists between the private prison corporations and stakeholders, and allow external stakeholders to make informed judgments about whether those in the business of incarceration are fulfilling their public interest role.
The Relationship between Board-Level Technology Committees and Reported Security Breaches
Authors: Higgs Julia L. , Pinsker Robert E. , Smith Thomas J. , Young George R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
After several high-profile data security breaches (e.g., Target Corporation, Michaels Stores, Inc., The Home Depot), corporate boards are prioritizing the oversight of Information Technology (IT) risk. Firms are also increasingly faced with disclosure decisions regarding IT security breaches. This study proposes that firms can use the creation of a board-level technology committee as part of the firm's information technology governance (ITG) to signal the firm's ability to detect and respond to security breaches. Using reported security breaches during the time period 2005–2014, results indicate that firms with technology committees are more likely to have reported breaches in a given year than are firms without the committee. Further analysis suggests that this positive association is driven by relatively young technology committees and external source breaches. Specifically, as a technology committee becomes more established, its firm is not as likely to be breached. To obtain further evidence on the perceived value of a technology committee, this study uses a returns analysis and finds that the presence of a technology committee mitigates the negative abnormal stock returns arising from external breaches. Findings add to the evolving ITG literature, as well to the signaling theory and disclosure literatures.