bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El Retorno
Authors: Morales Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Faced with dire economic circumstances and receiving little support from the government, repatriates fell back on the aid of local communities. Returnees’ relationships with social and state structures, such as local, state, and federal governments as well as repatriation societies, land-reform organizations, the Catholic Church, and the returnees’ own families, shaped their experience of return. With the support of communities, the process of adjustment and resettlement was difficult but not impossible. Hometowns provided structural support for resettlement and reassimilation as well as remigration to the United States in the latter part of the decade. These communities also incorporated migrants into the ongoing land reform movement in Mexico. However, land reform did not resolve the structural causes of migration, and in the late 1930s and especially the 1940s, a second generation from central Mexico turned to migration as an economic survival strategy. By the 1940s, a mixed agrarian-remittance economy was taking shape that would drive Mexican migration through the Bracero era and beyond.
The Political Economy of Copyright Law
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Starting in the mid-2000s, copyright protections were substantially weakened through court decisions that exacerbated the difficulty of enforcing copyright in the face of mass infringement on digital platforms. This policy shift can be attributed to a shift in the balance of power among constituencies with interests in influencing the direction of copyright law. Digital platforms and aggregators, which have an economic interest in reducing the costs of acquiring and transmitting content, advocated for relaxed copyright enforcement, while the same position was advocated by thought leaders in the academic and policymaking communities based on ideological or other intellectual commitments. Policymakers accrued political capital by tracking what was perceived to be a dominant policy preference for weaker copyright protections among various constituencies (including individual users), resulting in a truncated property rights regime that prioritizes content aggregators and users over content originators.
The Patent Litigation Explosion and Other Patent Horribles
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Policy actions to reduce the strength of patent protections have relied on a series of “stylized facts” concerning the purported failure of the U.S. patent system following establishment of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act in the early 1980s. These include assertions that the strengthening of patent enforcement through these two legal developments resulted in an “explosion” of patent grants, an “explosion” of patent litigation, a significant decline in patent quality (“junk patents”), and a “thicket” of patents that impose licensing and litigation burdens on the innovation ecosystem. Closer examination of the empirical evidence shows that these assertions, which have had significant influence over policymakers, rest on weak or mixed evidence.
Conclusion
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conventional wisdom asserts that robust enforcement of patents and copyright threatens innovation ecosystems with litigation costs, licensing costs, and ultimately, high prices and reduced innovation. In both areas of law, these arguments have influenced policymakers to weaken property-rights protections for technological and creative innovations. Yet a close examination of the empirical evidence shows that these sweeping IP-skeptical arguments rely on unsupported factual claims and overlook the enabling functions of IP rights in promoting innovation and competition in technology and content markets. The erosion of intellectual property protections has resulted in a skewed legal regime that facilitates the business model of digital intermediaries, content aggregators, and vertically integrated firms, while placing at risk the viability of stand-alone innovators that play critical functions in the most robust knowledge economies.
Introduction
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter explores the relationship between music, film, and total war in World War Two Britain. It examines the concept of total war, and asks how films used music to register and address the pressure to mobilize all parts of life for war. It places this wartime demand in a longer history of cultural utility, including more contemporary notions of culture as resource. The chapter also explores scholarly approaches to feeling and affect in wartime, and suggests how music was used in World War Two Britain to probe the role of feeling in total war. This chapter also introduces the film and musical culture of World War Two Britain, discussing how they intersected in complex ways with propaganda and the new cultural infrastructure of wartime.
Music, Feeling, and Total War
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares the treatment of art music in two wartime films, Listen to Britain (1942), a documentary short by Humphrey Jennings, and Millions Like Us, a 1943 Gainsborough melodrama about women’s mobilization. Listen to Britain presents a soundscape of everyday life in wartime, mixing art music, popular music, and industrial sounds. Focusing on its representation of Myra Hess’s National Gallery concerts, this chapter explores why the film places a performance of a Mozart piano concerto at the center of this sonic portrait, linking it to the work of war. It argues that the film’s expansive representation of the sound and feeling of war is tied to its concerns with the mobilization of women, who were partially conscripted in December 1941. Listen to Britain and the National Gallery concerts became touchstones for later wartime films, including Millions Like Us. A comparison with this film and its use of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony reveals a very different treatment of music in relation to wartime feeling, highlighting the challenges of incorporating art music into total war.
Sounding Out Civilian Trauma
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses two films from 1945, David Lean’s iconic Brief Encounter and The Seventh Veil. Both feature canonical Late Romantic concertos (by Rachmaninoff, Grieg, and Tchaikovsky), performed on the soundtrack by Eileen Joyce. In both films, the chapter argues, these are used to address issues around trauma and demobilization, particularly for women. It traces how they situate music as a tool in psychological treatment, in ways that engaged with discourses of military psychiatry (including military training films). Both films deal with the emotional legacy of war, registering a gap in established discourses for representing women’s experience in the new environment of total war.
Palaces for the People
Authors: Müller Jan-Werner 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter asks how a commitment to popular rule should express itself in architecture. If the often monumental buildings housing democratic legislatures are the people’s “palaces,” what should a palace for the people look like? How can such a building persuade the people that it is really theirs? Or is that idea a path to the problematic image of a single, homogenous people, and to the “stormings” of parliaments, with “mobs” incited by populists? The chapter breaks this question into four elements: the relationship of democracy to monumentality; the possible associations between democracy and various building styles; the question of which iconography best promotes democratic values; and the spaces provided by buildings devoted to democracy and the scripts they make possible. The chapter concludes that if there is no uniquely democratic style, material, or iconography, it does not follow that democracy is somehow beyond all representation and embodiment.
Postwar Changes
Authors: Beisel Hollenbach Katie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the cultural shifts that took place both in America at large and within Sinatra’s fan communities after World War II ended. Teenage girls, who were either nearing or had already entered adulthood, were now facing the same questions many young women across the country were. Namely, if women had taken on roles in the workforce during the war, would they be able to continue in those roles? Would girls from working-class and non-white backgrounds be able to experience the sense of opportunity many white women were experiencing, or even be able to live the suburban lifestyle many white Americans would strive for? The postwar years both answered and complicated these questions. Frank Sinatra also navigated personal and professional changes after the war’s end, which would lead to the dramatic shift in persona he would adopt in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
The Biology of Us
Authors: Howard Gary C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Biology of Us describes the natural world all around and even in us. In the modern world, it is easy to overlook the natural world all around us. Only major life events, such as birth, injury, disease, and death, remind us that we are still biological organisms. Humans “interact” with nature in a controlled and safe environment, such as a zoo or theme park, or on television. Television shows, films, and books are nearly always in an exotic location (e.g., the Kalahari Desert, the deep ocean, or Antarctica), but they inadvertently reinforce our separation from nature. Biology happens somewhere else. The book describes the common but fascinating examples of biology and nature that are hidden in plain sight in people’s daily lives. It focuses on human biology, but describes animals and plants all around, on, and in us to put human features into an evolutionary context. Many aspects of humans and their normal activities are examples of evolution: breathing, eating, standing up, communicating, telling time, and more. The book will illustrate evolutionary strategies used successfully by common organisms for hundreds of millions of years. If people notice those organisms at all, they see them as trivial neighbors or even pests, but they are just as amazing as those in the Serengeti or the Galápagos Islands.
Life around Us
Authors: Howard Gary C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since life on Earth began about 3.5 billion years ago, it has diversified astoundingly. Life evolved by randomly “solving” a series of engineering problems to take advantage of new ecological niches. Many of the plants and animals living today also coexisted with or even preceded the dinosaurs. Evolution changed them, too, but the same basic engineering strategies they used for survival remain. Scientists have devised classification schemes based on those features. Those features characterize the twelve plant divisions and thirty-one animal phyla, and many can be seen in our own houses and neighborhoods and even on and in us if we have a bit of information and take the time to enjoy them.
The Heart of the Matter
Authors: Howard Gary C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Blood is a miracle fluid. It uses the protein hemoglobin to carry oxygen to all cells. It also carries nutrients to tissues and carries away carbon dioxide and waste products. It transports signaling molecules, hormones, and other important molecules. Finally, it has an intricate system that initiates clotting to stop bleeding. Three organs are intimately linked with the blood. The heart pumps blood to the lungs, where the blood gas exchange occurs, and the kidneys remove waste products and help to maintain blood pressure. The evolution of blood and the heart is also fascinating.
Diplomacy
Authors: Sweet James H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In May 1769, five Black Prince mutineers arrived in Lisbon onboard a ship from Brazil. One of the sailors immediately went to the British Consul and turned state’s evidence. The Portuguese refused to extradite, prompting the Black Prince owners to demand that the rebels stand trial before a British judge in Lisbon. Fowler worked directly with the British secretary of state, providing testimonies, witness statements, and dispatching witnesses to Portugal to testify at the trial. The English Factory, a corporate enterprise of British merchants in Lisbon, bore all of the costs of the trial, including prisoner upkeep, witness protection, and attorneys’ fees. The Crown later agreed to defray these costs, effectively underwriting a criminal prosecution conducted by British merchants in a foreign nation. In the same way that they manipulated the rule of law in England, Fowler and Laroche captured mechanisms of international diplomacy and legal procedure in Portugal.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Defence
Authors: Taddeo Mariarosaria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The volume establishes an ethical framework for the identification, analysis, and resolution of ethical challenges that arise from the uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in defence, ranging from intelligence analysis to cyberwarfare and autonomous weapon systems. It does so with the goal of advancing the relevant debate and to inform the ethical governance of AI in defence. Centring on the autonomy and learning capabilities of AI technologies, the work is rooted in AI ethics and Just War Theory. It provides a systemic conceptual analysis of the different uses of AI in defence and their ethical implications, proposes ethical principles and a methodology for their implementation in practice. It then translates this analysis into actionable recommendations for decision-maker and policymakers to foster ethical governance of AI in the defence sector.
Politics
Authors: Keister Lisa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Catholics do not fit neatly into liberal or conservative boxes. The political gulf that exists between public figures such as liberal President Joe Biden and conservative Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett highlights the variety of political stances of Catholics today and illustrates why Catholic politics are not obviously categorized as left, right, or moderate. This chapter explores the politics of today’s Catholics, including the majority of Church members, rather than just prominent Catholics whose views are typically the focus of public attention. The chapter shows that white and Latino Catholics differ from each other in their views on many political issues in contrast to their similarities in religious beliefs and practices (Chapter 6) and attitudes regarding social issues (Chapter 8). By contrast, there are clear similarities in the political views of white Catholics and white mainline Protestants.
Conclusion
Authors: Keister Lisa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Catholics occupy a different place in American society today than they did historically. This chapter underscores the contributions of this book, noting that it documents who contemporary Catholics are, including variations among Church members and how Catholics compare to other Americans. It summarizes the book’s motivation, including a reminder that some prominent Catholics have helped fuel interest in the demographics, religious beliefs, and other attitudes of today’s Church members. However, it also explains that the seemingly steadfast size of the Church masks considerable underlying change in Church membership, including a dramatic growth in the Latino Catholic population. Previous research has shown that Catholic family behaviors and states have also changed dramatically, and white Catholics have experienced changes in social and economic status that will probably continue and that may be associated with significant changes in their beliefs, practices, and attitudes. The chapter also summarizes areas in which future research might usefully expand on this work.
Introduction
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The introduction lays out the connectedness of Brown Bangladeshi Muslim women’s experiences of violence and civilization in private, familial, and social spaces. In private, it is within intimate relationships. In the family, it is social-norm-regulating aunties, who are a large part of the manush (people) in manush ki bolbe? (What will people say?) who reify hierarchies that govern women’s social life. In society, women’s middle-classness and other markers of identity including race and citizenship structure how they navigate the institutions of home, immigration, and the legal system. As women negotiate their bilocating lives, they find creative ways to microresist violence, as they refuse to be victims that need pity and help. This section also consists of the methodology and an introduction to the four composite bodies that study participants have been distilled into.
Sex
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the Bangladeshi community, women feel the need to manage their sexual histories to resist the seeing, civilizing, and disciplining eyes of society. That means they rarely talk about sex, including with their partners, and even more rarely do they talk about sexual pleasure. When they did talk about sex during our discussions, it almost always happened in tandem with sexual violence. Chapter 2 follows that inclination to discuss the three together, showcasing how they are connected in the collective consciousness of a people who have had to talk about sex in creatively subversive ways, only to find sex wanting when they finally engaged in it.
Birangona
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the construction of sexual violence is informed by an understanding of wartime rape during Bangladesh’s liberation war. The imagery of the Birangonas as rape victims, honored for their “sacrifice” by the honorific—the only wartime rape victims to have been honored in this way, amid a widespread understanding of the Birangonas as women who lost their honor through rape—produces a spectacularized understanding of sexual violence, and rape in particular; births false equivalence between victims/survivors and their abusers; generates a discursive reading of the Birangona; and examines the notion of sin as applied to women who have had sex before marriage, indicating a conflation of rape and sex. This chapter illustrates that the logic and rhetoric of wartime rape endures among women who experience sexual violence not in public or during wars but in private spaces of intimate relationships.
Immigration
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 7, “Immigration,” I draw from narratives of my transnational Bangladeshi interlocutors to discuss the process through which migration produces for my interlocutors unstable conditions of identity, culture, race, and gender that create sites in which violence takes place. I show that my interlocutors become more individualized and curate a culture that is both authentic and palatable to the mainstream population although through a mechanism of upward mobility that centers whiteness. It follows that fear of racism is not part of the decision-making process regarding migration for my interlocutors. However, once they are in the US, it becomes clear that races are gendered—masculinized, feminized, sexualized by stereotypes associated with race.
Duties
Authors: Beneke Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the history and contemporary meaning of the religion clauses in the U.S. Constitution, particularly the “free exercise” and “establishment of religion” clauses. It also reflects on the sociology of religion (in particular, the work of Peter Berger, Roger Finke, and Rodney Starke) and how it has refashioned our understanding of late eighteenth-century religion and church-state history. The chapter asks whether contemporaries regarded faith as something that might be selected like any other consumer good, and what the implications would be if they did. It concludes that the religion clauses reflected a profound appreciation for religious duty, as well as an inchoate nod to individual choice.
Cruelties
Authors: Beneke Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by looking at the collective memory of religious violence and its impact on late eighteenth-century provisions for religious liberty, especially those derived from John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs and recollections of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. The chapter notes that religious violence was not as common in early America as commentators sometimes suggest. But the memory still mattered. Roman Catholics, Jews, and Baptists play a central role in this story. Catholics had a reputation for inflicting religious violence, Jews and Baptists for suffering it. The moderate, religion-friendly, liberty-abetting consensus that emerged in the wake of the Revolutionary War accommodated all of them, expanding the circle of religious tolerance.
Inequalities
Authors: Beneke Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two groups whose stories have heretofore been omitted from the larger history of religious liberty: white women and African Americans. It opens with a history of women and religious liberty, asking whether the founders expected rights of conscience to be exercised within the family. It then examines the history of enslaved African Americans and religious liberty in light of both contemporary evangelical movements and the founders’ libertarianism, noting the social and cultural constraints on a freedom that leading framers otherwise regarded as absolute. It concludes by considering whether religious tolerance and political moderation may have been partly a function of Black enslavement.
Introduction
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Introduction sets out the main aim of the book, which is to explain and to assess the impact that the extensive and growing inequalities in Western societies have on well-being, and to propose more just alternatives. It explains how the book uses the empirical resources of the new science of happiness to diagnose what has gone wrong in highly unequal and frequently unhappy societies and the role that key political emotions such as shame, envy, and admiration play in all this. It highlights how the book’s analysis of the emotional regime of market societies makes for a novel contribution to the existing literature on inequality.
The Problem of Inequality
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses empirical data on the extent of inequality in income and wealth globally before focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom. It discusses the ways in which the United States is both exceptional and also a bellwether for changes across affluent Western societies. It discusses four explanations of the growing gap between the rich and the poor: disproportionate returns to capital in comparison to labour, a politics of wage suppression, the rise of sectoral division, and policies of rent seeking and rent extraction. It makes the normative claims that inequality is inherently bad and that unjust inequalities have further bad effects.
The Promises and Failures of Capitalist Market Societies
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains what is meant by “capitalist market societies” by building on Adam Smith’s views of markets, the Arrow-Debreu theorem of welfare economics, and Veblen’s insight that capitalists strategically exploit market inefficiencies. It uncovers a key disciplinary mechanism in capitalism, namely involuntary unemployment. It explains how it disciplines workers, shapes the field of opportunities, and is dictated by while promoting the interests of the rentier-investor class. It discusses the role of financialization and indebtedness and the ways in which the rent-extracting elite try to keep the unjust inequalities that characterize societies in place.