bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Quantum Sieving in Porous Graphene-like Carbon Nitride for Light Isotopes Separation
Authors: Qu Yuanyuan , Li Feng , Zhou Hongcai , Zhao Mingwen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLight isotopes separation, such as 3He/4He, H2/D2, H2/T2,etc., is crucial for various advanced technologies including isotope labeling, nuclear weapons, cryogenics and power generation. However, their nearly identical chemical properties made the separation challenging. The low productivity of the present isotopes separation approaches hinders the relevant applications. An efficient membrane with high performance for isotopes separation is quite appealing. Based on first-principles calculations, we theoretically demonstrated that highly efficient light isotopes separation, such as 3He/4He, can be reached in a porous graphene-like carbon nitride material via quantum sieving effect. Under moderate tensile strain, the quantum sieving of the carbon nitride membrane can be effectively tuned in a continuous way, leading to a temperature window with high 3He/4He selectivity and permeance acceptable for efficient isotopes harvest in industrial application. This mechanism also holds for separation of other light isotopes, such as H2/D2, H2/T2. Such tunable quantum sieving opens a promising avenue for light isotopes separation for industrial application.
Precision Medicine: Genetic Repair of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Patient-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Bassuk Alexander G. , Zheng Andrew , Li Yao , Tsang Stephen H. , Mahajan Vinit B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patient fibroblasts could potentially be used as a source of autologous cells for transplantation in retinal disease. Patient-derived iPSCs, however, would still harbor disease-causing mutations. To generate healthy patient-derived cells, mutations might be repaired with new gene-editing technology based on the bacterial system of clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, thereby yielding grafts that require no patient immunosuppression. We tested whether CRISPR/Cas9 could be used in patient-specific iPSCs to precisely repair an RPGR point mutation that causes X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). Fibroblasts cultured from a skin-punch biopsy of an XLRP patient were transduced to produce iPSCs carrying the patient’s c.3070G > T mutation. The iPSCs were transduced with CRISPR guide RNAs, Cas9 endonuclease and a donor homology template. Despite the gene’s repetitive and GC-rich sequences, 13% of RPGR gene copies showed mutation correction and conversion to the wild-type allele. This is the first report using CRISPR to correct a pathogenic mutation in iPSCs derived from a patient with photoreceptor degeneration. This important proof-of-concept finding supports the development of personalized iPSC-based transplantation therapies for retinal disease.
Orientation-Induced Effects of Water Harvesting on Humps-on-Strings of Bioinspired Fibers
Authors: Chen Yuan , Li Dan , Wang Ting , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSmart water-collecting functions are naturally endowed on biological surfaces with unique wettable microstructures, e.g., beetle back with “alternate hydrophobic, hydrophilic micro-regions” and spider silk with wet-rebuilt “spindle-knot, joint” structures. Enlightened by the creature features, design of bio-inspired surfaces becomes the active issue in need of human beings for fresh water resource. Recently, as observed from spider web in nature, the net of spider silk is usually set in different situations and slopes in air, thus spider silks can be placed in all kinds of orientations as capturing water. Here, we show the styles and orientations of hump-on-string to control the ability of water collection as bioinspired silks are fabricated successfully. As different strings, sizes (height, length, pitch) of humps can become the controlling on volumes of extreme water drops. It is related to the different solid/liquid contact regions resulting in the as-modulated wet adhesion due to orientations of humps-on-strings. The conversion of high-low adhesion can be achieved to rely on orientations for the effect of capturing water drops. These studies offer an insight into enhancement of water collection efficiency and are helpful to design smart materials for controlled water drop capture and release via conversions of high-low adhesion.
NADPH oxidase 2 plays a role in experimental corneal neovascularization
Authors: Chan Elsa C. , van Wijngaarden Peter , Chan Elsie , Ngo Darleen , Wang Jiang-Hui , Peshavariya Hitesh M. , Dusting Gregory J. , Liu Guei-Sheung 
Published: January 2016

Corneal neovascularization, the growth of new blood vessels in the cornea, is a leading cause of vision impairment after corneal injury. Neovascularization typically occurs in response to corneal injury such as that caused by infection, physical trauma, chemical burns or in the setting of corneal transplant rejection. The NADPH oxidase enzyme complex is involved in cell signalling for wound-healing angiogenesis, but its role in corneal neovascularization has not been studied. We have now analysed the role of the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase in corneal neovascularization in mice following chemical injury. C57BL/6 mice aged 8–14 weeks were cauterized with an applicator coated with 75% silver nitrate and 25% potassium nitrate for 8 s. Neovascularization extending radially from limbal vessels was observed in corneal whole-mounts from cauterized wild type mice and CD31+ vessels were identified in cauterized corneal sections at day 7. In contrast, in Nox2 knockout (Nox2 KO) mice vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A), Flt1 mRNA expression, and the extent of corneal neovascularization were all markedly reduced compared with their wild type controls. The accumulation of Iba-1+ microglia and macrophages in the cornea was significantly less in Nox2 KO than in wild type mice. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that Nox2 is implicated in the inflammatory and neovascular response to corneal chemical injury in mice and clearly VEGF is a mediator of this effect. This work raises the possibility that therapies targeting Nox2 may have potential for suppressing corneal neovascularization and inflammation in humans.
Greenhouse gas emissions from Brazil’s Amazonian hydroelectric dams
Authors: Fearnside Philip M 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tropical dams are often falsely portrayed as ‘clean’ emissions-free energy sources. The letter by de Faria et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett.

10 124019) adds to evidence questioning this myth. Calculations are made for 18 dams that are planned or under construction in Brazilian Amazonia and show that emissions from storage hydroelectric dams would exceed those from electricity generation based on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels need not be the alternative, because Brazil has vast potential for wind and solar power as well as opportunities for energy conservation. Because dam-building is rapidly shifting to humid tropical areas, where emissions are higher than in other climatic zones, the impact of these emissions needs to be given proper weight in energy-policy decisions.
On digit frequencies in 𝛽-expansions
Authors: Boyland Philip , de Carvalho André , Hall Toby 
Published: January 2016

We study the sets

DF
⁡
(
β
)

\operatorname {DF}(\beta )

of digit frequencies of

β
\beta

-expansions of numbers in

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

. We show that

DF
⁡
(
β
)

\operatorname {DF}(\beta )

is a compact convex set with countably many extreme points which varies continuously with

β
\beta

; that there is a full measure collection of non-trivial closed intervals on each of which

DF
⁡
(
β
)

\operatorname {DF}(\beta )

mode locks to a constant polytope with rational vertices; and that the generic digit frequency set has infinitely many extreme points, accumulating on a single non-rational extreme point whose components are rationally independent.
Frequency and characteristics of acne‐related post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Authors: Abad‐Casintahan Flordeliz , Chow Steven Kim Weng , Goh Chee Leok , Kubba Raj , Hayashi Nobukazu , Noppakun Nopadon , See JoAnn , Suh Dae Hun , Xiang Li Hong Flora , Kang Sewon ,   the Asian Acne Board
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn patients with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick phototypes III–VI), acne is often accompanied by post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Further, acne‐related pigmentation can pose a greater concern for the patient than the acne lesions. There has been little formal study of this acne‐related PIH. Recently, the Asian Acne Board – an international group of dermatologists with interest in acne research – made a preliminary evaluation of the frequency and characteristics of PIH in seven Asian countries. A total of 324 sequential acne subjects were evaluated for the presence of PIH. The majority (80.2%) of subjects had mild to moderate acne and there were more females than males (63.0% vs 37.0%). In this population of patients consulting a dermatologist for acne, 58.2% (188/324) had PIH. The results also showed that pigmentation problems are often long lasting: at least 1 year for more than half of subjects and 5 years or longer in 22.3%. In accordance with our clinical experience, patients reported that PIH is quite bothersome, often as bothersome or more so than the acne itself and sometimes more problematic. Excoriation was commonly reported by patients, and may represent a modifiable risk factor that could potentially be improved by patient education.
Various diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis (AD): A proposal of Reliable Estimation of Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood (REACH) criteria, a novel questionnaire‐based diagnostic tool for AD
Authors: Lee Seung‐Chul ,   Committee of Korean Atopic Dermatitis Association for REACH
Published: January 2016

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disease that manifests with a wide variety of clinical symptoms and signs. Due to the lack of definitive biomarkers for AD, it is very difficult to set up standard diagnostic criteria for AD which cover the entire spectrum of AD patients. Various instruments have been proposed for AD diagnosis, and they can be classified into a hospital setting or a community setting. From the preventive medicine viewpoint, questionnaire‐based diagnostic criteria in a community setting are important to detect and manage childhood AD patients properly. In this article, various diagnostic criteria for AD in hospital and community settings will be reviewed. Additionally, the Reliable Estimation of Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood (REACH), a new full questionnaire‐based diagnostic tool for childhood AD, will be reviewed.
COMADRE: a global data base of animal demography
Authors: Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Jones Owen R. , Archer C. Ruth , Bein Christoph , de Buhr Hendrik , Farack Claudia , Gottschalk Fränce , Hartmann Alexander , Henning Anne , Hoppe Gabriel , Römer Gesa , Ruoff Tara , Sommer Veronika , Wille Julia , Voigt Jakob , Zeh Stefan , Vieregg Dirk , Buckley Yvonne M. , Che‐Castaldo Judy , Hodgson David , Scheuerlein Alexander , Caswell Hal , Vaupel James W. 
Published: January 2016

Summary

The open‐data scientific philosophy is being widely adopted and proving to promote considerable progress in ecology and evolution. Open‐data global data bases now exist on animal migration, species distribution, conservation status, etc. However, a gap exists for data on population dynamics spanning the rich diversity of the animal kingdom world‐wide. This information is fundamental to our understanding of the conditions that have shaped variation in animal life histories and their relationships with the environment, as well as the determinants of invasion and extinction.

Matrix population models (MPMs) are among the most widely used demographic tools by animal ecologists. MPMs project population dynamics based on the reproduction, survival and development of individuals in a population over their life cycle. The outputs from MPMs have direct biological interpretations, facilitating comparisons among animal species as different as Caenorhabditis elegans, Loxodonta africana and Homo sapiens.

Thousands of animal demographic records exist in the form of MPMs, but they are dispersed throughout the literature, rendering comparative analyses difficult. Here, we introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, an open‐data online repository, which in its version 1.0.0 contains data on 345 species world‐wide, from 402 studies with a total of 1625 population projection matrices. COMADRE also contains ancillary information (e.g. ecoregion, taxonomy, biogeography, etc.) that facilitates interpretation of the numerous demographic metrics that can be derived from its MPMs. We provide R code to some of these examples.

Synthesis: We introduce the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database, a resource for animal demography. Its open‐data nature, together with its ancillary information, will facilitate comparative analysis, as will the growing availability of databases focusing on other aspects of the rich animal diversity, and tools to query and combine them. Through future frequent updates of COMADRE, and its integration with other online resources, we encourage animal ecologists to tackle global ecological and evolutionary questions with unprecedented sample size.
Bioclimatic envelope models predict a decrease in tropical forest carbon stocks with climate change in Madagascar
Authors: Vieilledent Ghislain , Gardi Oliver , Grinand Clovis , Burren Christian , Andriamanjato Mamitiana , Camara Christian , Gardner Charlie J. , Glass Leah , Rasolohery Andriambolantsoa , Rakoto Ratsimba Harifidy , Gond Valéry , Rakotoarijaona Jean‐Roger 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Recent studies have underlined the importance of climatic variables in determining tree height and biomass in tropical forests. Nonetheless, the effects of climate on tropical forest carbon stocks remain uncertain. In particular, the application of process‐based dynamic global vegetation models has led to contrasting conclusions regarding the potential impact of climate change on tropical forest carbon storage.

Using a correlative approach based on a bioclimatic envelope model and data from 1771 forest plots inventoried during the period 1996–2013 in Madagascar over a large climatic gradient, we show that temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and mean annual temperature are key variables in determining forest above‐ground carbon density.

Taking into account the explicative climate variables, we obtained an accurate (R2 = 70% and RMSE = 40 Mg ha−1) forest carbon map for Madagascar at 250 m resolution for the year 2010. This national map was more accurate than previously published global carbon maps (R2 ≤ 26% and RMSE ≥ 63 Mg ha−1).

Combining our model with the climatic projections for Madagascar from 7 IPCC CMIP5 global climate models following the RCP 8.5, we forecast an average forest carbon stock loss of 17% (range: 7–24%) by the year 2080. For comparison, a spatially homogeneous deforestation of 0.5% per year on the same period would lead to a loss of 30% of the forest carbon stock.

Synthesis. Our study shows that climate change is likely to induce a decrease in tropical forest carbon stocks. This loss could be due to a decrease in the average tree size and to shifts in tree species distribution, with the selection of small‐statured species. In Madagascar, climate‐induced carbon emissions might be, at least, of the same order of magnitude as emissions associated with anthropogenic deforestation.
People, plants, place, and rules: the Nagoya Protocol in pacific island countries
Authors: Robinson Daniel F. , Forsyth Miranda 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the rules informing the use of plants and associated knowledges in the Pacific, particularly Vanuatu, in the context of the introduction into the Pacific region of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Nagoya Protocol, which entered into force in October 2014, brings both new international regulatory dimensions and new recognition and re‐framing of local and customary levels of regulation over genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Whilst generally seen as a positive step to protect genetic resources and traditional knowledge from misappropriation, at an implementation level the Nagoya Protocol gives rise to a range of issues. These issues go to the heart of questions about power, agency, and resource allocation, the bounded nature of communities and their relationship with land or sea; the fluidity and dynamism of customary law; challenges stemming from multiples sites of agency and the potentials of pluralism in many respects. We explore these issues with specific reference to some examples in Vanuatu, the Cook Islands and Samoa.
Isoflavone Profiles and Kinetic Changes during Ultra‐High Temperature Processing of Soymilk
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chang Sam K.C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIsoflavone profile is greatly affected by heating process. However, kinetic analyses of isoflavone conversion and degradation using a continuous industry processing method have never been characterized. In this study, Proto soybean was soaked and blanched at 80 °C for 2 min and then processed into soymilk, which underwent UHT (ultra‐high temperature) at 135 to 150 °C for 10 to 50 s with a pilot plant‐scale Microthermics processor. The isoflavone profile was determined at different time/temperature combinations. The results showed that all isoflavone forms exhibited distinct changing patterns over time. In the soymilk under UHT conditions, the degradation (disappearance) of malonyldaizin and malonylgenistin exhibited first‐order kinetics with activation energies of 59 and 84 kj/mole, respectively. At all UHT temperatures, malonylgenistin showed higher rate constants than malonyldaidzin. However, malonylglycitin changed irregularly under these UHT temperatures. The increase of genistin, daidzin, glycitein and acetlydaidzin during heating demonstrated zero‐order kinetics and the rate constants increased with temperature except for the conditions of 145 to 150 °C for 50 s. Overall, genistein series exhibited higher stability than daidzein series. Under all UHT conditions, total isoflavone decreased from 12% to 24%.
Emergency Department‐based Opioid Harm Reduction: Moving Physicians From Willing to Doing
Authors: Samuels Elizabeth A. , Dwyer Kristin , Mello Michael J. , Baird Janette , Kellogg Adam R. , Bernstein Edward 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesDevelop and internally validate a survey tool to assess emergency department (ED) physician attitudes, clinical practice, and willingness to perform opiate harm reduction (OHR) interventions and to identify barriers and facilitators in translating willingness to action.MethodsThis study was an anonymous, Web‐based survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior of ED physicians at three tertiary referral centers. Construction and internal validation of scaled questions was assessed through principal component and Cronbach's alpha analyses. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to measure impact of physician knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and self‐efficacy on willingness to perform OHR interventions including opioid overdose education; naloxone prescribing; and referral to naloxone, methadone, and syringe access programs.ResultsA total of 200 of 278 (71.9%) physicians completed the survey. Principal component analysis yielded five components: attitude, confidence, self‐efficacy, professional impact factors, and personal impact factors. Overall, respondents were willing to perform OHR interventions, but few actually do. Willingness was correlated with attitude, confidence, and self‐efficacy (R2 = 0.50); however, overall physicians lacked confidence (mean = 3.06 of 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.94 to 3.18]). Knowledge, time, training, and institutional support were all prohibitive barriers. Physicians reported that research evidence, professional organization recommendations, and opinions of ED leaders would strongly influence a change in their clinical practice to incorporate OHR interventions (mean = 4.25 of 5, 95% CI = 4.18 to 4.32).ConclusionsCompared to prior studies, emergency medicine physicians had increased willingness to perform OHR interventions, but there remains a disparity between willingness and clinical practice. Influential factors that may move physicians from “willing” to “doing” include dissemination of supportive research evidence; professional organization endorsement; ED leadership opinion; and addressing time, knowledge, and institutional barriers.
Obese children experience more extremity fractures than nonobese children and are significantly more likely to die from traumatic injuries
Authors: Kim Seung‐Ju , Ahn Joonghyun , Kim Hyung Kook , Kim Jong Hun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo of the most prevalent problems children facing worldwide are injuries and obesity. We conducted a systematic review of published studies that evaluated the effects of obesity on children with traumatic injuries. Six studies published between 2006 and 2014 were identified, comprising a total of 4594 children: 867 were obese and 3727 were not. Obese children were 25% more likely to have extremity fractures than nonobese children (p = 0.003), and their mortality rate was significantly higher at 4.7% versus 2.8% (p = 0.026).ConclusionOur review showed that obese children were more likely to have extremity fractures and die of traumatic injuries than nonobese children.
iRPD—A framework for guiding design‐based research for iPad apps
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe last 5 years have been marked by an explosion of tablet and smartphone applications designed for young children and several calls to encourage educational researchers to engage in children's app research. This paper presents a novel prospect for educational researchers: to collaboratively research, implement and produce iPad apps for educational purposes. Based on the author's own research as well as that of others, an original framework “Research,Practice andDesign framework” (iRPD) for guiding such collaborative efforts is provided, along with five key principles: triple collaboration, shared epistemology, awareness of affordances and interconnected social factors, and child‐centred pedagogy. The novel affordances of collaboratively produced iPad apps for educational design‐based research are outlined, along with several examples of how such an engagement might enrich educational research and the app landscape.
A ‘Problem of Fairness’ in the Making: The Transformation of Public Services from the Perspective of Postal Workers
Authors: Flecker Jörg , Schultheis Franz , Vogel Berthold 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDuring the last two decades public administration and public services have undergone profound changes with far‐reaching impacts on employment relations and working conditions. The paper presents the perceptions and lived experiences of workers affected by liberalization and privatization of public services. In doing so it focuses on workers’ ideas of fairness and dignity at work using the concepts of distribution, recognition and the public ethos of the common good and linking them to fundamental principles of justice. It is argued that the perception of inequalities as fair, while it is shaped by custom, is also being socially constructed during far‐reaching changes. The analysis is based on a series of qualitative interviews conducted in Austria, Germany and Switzerland with postal‐service workers, a sector well suited for the analysis because of the far‐reaching changes in terms of market regulation, ownership of organizations, labour regulation, employment and working conditions.