bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host and Pathogen Copper-Transporting P-Type ATPases Function Antagonistically during Salmonella Infection
Authors: Ladomersky Erik , Khan Aslam , Shanbhag Vinit , Cavet Jennifer S. , Chan Jefferson , Weisman Gary A. , Petris Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Copper is an essential yet potentially toxic trace element that is required by all aerobic organisms. A key regulator of copper homeostasis in mammalian cells is the copper-transporting P-type ATPase ATP7A, which mediates copper transport from the cytoplasm into the secretory pathway, as well as copper export across the plasma membrane. Previous studies have shown that ATP7A-dependent copper transport is required for killing phagocytosed
Escherichia coli
in a cultured macrophage cell line. In this investigation, we expanded on these studies by generating
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice, in which the
Atp7a
gene was specifically deleted in cells of the myeloid lineage, including macrophages. Primary macrophages isolated from
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice exhibit decreased copper transport into phagosomal compartments and a reduced ability to kill
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium compared to that of macrophages isolated from wild-type mice. The
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice were also more susceptible to systemic infection by
S
. Typhimurium than wild-type mice. Deletion of the
S
. Typhimurium copper exporters, CopA and GolT, was found to decrease infection in wild-type mice but not in the
Atp7a

LysMcre

mice. These studies suggest that ATP7A-dependent copper transport into the phagosome mediates host defense against
S
. Typhimurium, which is counteracted by copper export from the bacteria via CopA and GolT. These findings reveal unique and opposing functions for copper transporters of the host and pathogen during infection.
Altered acrylic acid concentrations in hard and soft corals exposed to deteriorating water conditions
Authors: Westmoreland Lori S.H. , Niemuth Jennifer N. , Gracz Hanna S. , Stoskopf Michael K. 
Published: June 2017

A reliable marker of early coral response to environmental stressors can help guide decision-making to mitigate global coral reef decline by detecting problems before the development of clinically observable disease. We document the accumulation of acrylic acid in two divergent coral taxa, stony small polyp coral ( Acropora sp.) and soft coral ( Lobophytum sp.), in response to deteriorating water quality characterized by moderately increased ammonia (0.25 ppm) and phosphate (0.15 ppm) concentrations and decreased calcium (360 ppm) concentration, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques. Changes in acrylic acid concentration in polyp tissues free of zooxanthellae suggest that acrylic acid could be a product of animal metabolism and not exclusively a metabolic by-product of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in marine algae or bacteria. Our findings build on previously documented depletions of acrylic acid in wild coral potentially correlated to temperature stress and provide additional insight into approaches to further characterize the nature of the metabolic accumulation of acrylic acid under controlled experimental conditions.
Ciało i świętość. Przypadek XIX-wiecznych świętych starców rosyjskich
Authors: Grygiel Szymon 
Published: June 2017

The body and the sanctity. The case of the 19th-century Russian holy startsyThe article considers references to the body appearing in selected texts concerning 19thcentury Russian holy startsy. Three conditions of a holy man’s body are discussed: living, immediately after death and as relics. The body plays an important role in creating the image of holiness of startsy during their lifetime. In the chapter The Breath of Corruption in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Brothers Karamazov, the sacred status of starets Zosima’s dead body is cancelled by the crowd’s interpretation of his body’s putrefaction as judgment of God refuting the holiness of the deceased monk. This, in turn, allows for a discrediting the life of the starets. Mirroring the events of Dostoyevsky’s novel, the dead body of a monk became subject of dispute shortly before the canonization of the starets Seraphim of Sarov in 1903. Drawing on the commonness of the view identifying putrefaction of the body with profanity, a Petersburg anti-Orthodox association sought to discredit the Russian Orthodox Church by demanding that the coffin of Seraphim of Sarov is reopened. The answer of Antonius, the Metropolitan of Petersburg, was an article, in which he argued that inviolability of the body was not a necessary condition of holiness. During the canonization, the adored relics of Saint Seraphim were used by the state power to strengthen the bond between Tsar Nicholas II and the people. Ciało i świętość. Przypadek XIX-wiecznych świętych starców rosyjskichArtykuł rozważa odniesienia do ciała pojawiające się w wybranych tekstach dotyczących XIX-wiecznych rosyjskich świętych starców. Zostały w nim omówione trzy stany ciała świętego: za życia, tuż po śmierci oraz w postaci relikwii. Ciało odgrywa ważną rolę w kreowaniu obrazu świętości starców podczas ich życia. W rozdziale Odór trupi w powieści Bracia Karamazow Fiodora Dostojewskiego sakralny status martwego ciała starca Zosimy zostaje unieważniony przez zgromadzony tłum poprzez zinterpretowanie gnicia ciała jako wyroku bożego przeczącego świętości zmarłego. Dzięki temu możliwa jest dyskredytacja osoby starca za życia. Podobnie jak w powieści Dostojewskiego ciało zmarłego mnicha stało się przedmiotem sporu niedługo przed kanonizacją starca Serafina z Sarowa w 1903 roku. Powszechność poglądu utożsamiającego gnicie ciała z profanum sprawiła, że zwalczający prawosławie petersburski związek domagał się ponownego otwarcia trumny Serafina z Sarowa, chcąc podważyć wiarygodność Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej. Głos w sprawie szczątków starca zabrał metropolita Petersburga Antoni, przekonując, że nienaruszalność zwłok nie jest koniecznym warunkiem świętości. Podczas uroczystości kanonizacyjnych adorowane relikwie św. Serafina zostały wykorzystane w służbie władzy państwowej w celu wzmocnienia więzi pomiędzy carem Mikołajem II a ludem.
Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowania
Authors: Zynek Justyna Marianna 
Published: June 2017

Tradition and the practices of gender domination on the example of hutsul carollingThe Christmas custom of carolling occupies a very special place in the life of Hutsulshchyna inhabitants. Referred to as a religious rite, for a long time Hutsul carolling has been an object of numerous studies that shape ideas about it. In spite of the functioning of many forms of carolling in these areas, both researchers and the inhabitants of the Ukrainian Carpathians recognize as the most important the male form of carolling, which marginalized the role of women. However, on closer inspection it turns out that women also have an exceptional impact on the course of tradition, often taking the initiative in carolling. The article focuses on the, hitherto disregarded in the literature gender, relations within the Hutsul carolling. It also analyses the connection between discourse and social practices manifested in male and female forms of carolling. A look at the official and non-official character of tradition as well as relations between genders and any crises connected with them highlights the domination and symbolic power within the gender domain. Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowaniaBożonarodzeniowy zwyczaj kolędowania zajmuje szczególne miejsce w życiu mieszkańców Huculszczyzny. Określane jako rytuał religijny huculskie kolędowanie od dawna stanowi obiekt wielu prac naukowych, które kształtują wyobrażenia na jego temat. Na tych terenach funkcjonuje wiele form kolędowania. Za najistotniejsze, zarówno badacze, jak i mieszkańcy Karpat ukraińskich, uznają kolędowanie mężczyzn, w którym marginalizowana jest rola kobiet. Przy bliższym przyjrzeniu okazuje się jednak, że również i one mają szczególny wpływ na przebieg tradycji, niejednokrotnie przejmując kolędniczą inicjatywę. Artykuł skupia się na nieuwzględnianych dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu relacjach płci w obrębie huculskiego kolędowania. Analizuje również związek dyskursu i praktyk społecznych przejawiających się w kolędzie kobiecej i męskiej. Przyjrzenie się kwestiom oficjalności i nieoficjalności oraz relacjom między płcią a wszelkiego rodzaju kryzysami pozwala zwrócić uwagę na uwidaczniającą się dominację oraz przemoc symboliczną w obrębie płci.
Sensitivity of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings to Previous Stratospheric Conditions
Authors: Cámara Alvaro de la , Albers John R. , Birner Thomas , Garcia Rolando R. , Hitchcock Peter , Kinnison Douglas E. , Smith Anne K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4 (WACCM4), is used to investigate the influence of stratospheric conditions on the development of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). To this end, targeted experiments are performed on selected modeled SSW events. Specifically, the model is reinitialized three weeks before a given SSW, relaxing the surface fluxes, winds, and temperature below 10 km to the corresponding fields from the free-running simulation. Hence, the tropospheric wave evolution is unaltered across the targeted experiments, but the stratosphere itself can evolve freely. The stratospheric zonal-mean state is then altered 21 days prior to the selected SSWs and rerun with an ensemble of different initial conditions. It is found that a given tropospheric evolution concomitant with the development of an SSW does not uniquely determine the occurrence of an event and that the stratospheric conditions are relevant to the subsequent evolution of the stratospheric flow toward an SSW, even for a fixed tropospheric evolution. It is also shown that interpreting the meridional heat flux at 100 hPa as a proxy of the tropospheric injection of wave activity into the stratosphere should be regarded with caution and that stratospheric dynamics critically influence the heat flux at that altitude.
Colonial-Period Court Painting and the Case of Bikaner
Authors: Aitken Molly Emma 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNineteenth-century court painters in India's princely states reconfigured traditional portraiture to address British, Indian courtly and local values and conventions. At Bikaner, a father and son, Rahim and Chotu, experimented with a number of different styles and compositions to devise a royal portrait that confirmed monarchic ideals in uncertain times yet also modernized the genre in step with broader trends. Until recently the creative agency of such artists was mostly set aside as insufficiently modern to be art historically significant, with the result that detailed studies of colonial court painting are only now emerging, and the discipline still has little sense of how developments in this period related within the princely states or with the contemporaneous visual arts of British India. This paper begins to address the disciplinary lacuna on three fronts: first, by drawing out a critique from dispersed local studies to exert more forceful pressure on the discipline; second, by examining the pictorial strategies with which Chotu and Rahim addressed the cultural transformations of the late nineteenth century to test the field's frameworks against the complex, particular visual thinking of court artists; and third, by comparing the strategies of Chotu and Rahim with the visual rhetoric of Bengal School painters to expand on colonial conceptions of past and present, of Western and non-Western, and of the affective power of images. These three approaches are directed at estranging colonial modernism from art historical narratives that give preference to internationalized terms and tastes.
La construcción de la “peligrosidad” del migrante: un análisis sobre las representaciones sociales de miembros del sistema judicial en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Authors: Gonzalez Anahí Patricia 
Published: June 2017

El artículo aborda la construcción del imaginario social acerca de los migrantes internacionales que residen en Argentina. Particularmente, se analizan las representaciones sociales prejuiciosas de los miembros del sistema judicial del ámbito de la Ciudad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (con competencia en materia Contravencional (Ley1472), de Faltas (Ley 451) y en una limitada cantidad de delitos penales que han sido transferidos a la órbita de la Ciudad) en la Argentina con el objetivo de aprehender el proceso de construcción del migrante como sujeto “peligroso”. En dicho proceso, se intersectan mecanismos en los que se produce la estigmatización y culpabilización de los extranjeros en relación a determinados delitos y contravenciones. La consecuencia de este proceso resulta ser la re-creación de la otredad negativa del migrante. Así planteada la cuestión, se analizan los resultados de más de 50 entrevistas realizadas a miembros del sistema judicial en el marco de un Proyecto UBACYT (2011-2014) con sede en el IIGG de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.
A Theory of Corporate Boards and Forced CEO Turnover
Authors: Chemmanur Thomas J. , Fedaseyeu Viktar 
Published: June 2017

We model a corporate board evaluating a chief executive officer (CEO) of uncertain management ability. Each director receives a noisy private signal about CEO ability, after which directors discuss this ability and vote to retain or replace the CEO. Directors care about true CEO ability, since it affects their equity holding values; however, a CEO may impose costs of dissent on a director who votes to fire but fails to oust her. We relate the equilibrium CEO firing decision to board size, board composition, the effect of an imprecise public signal, and the cost and probability of finding a good replacement CEO. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2762 . This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Causal Genetic Variation Underlying Metabolome Differences
Authors: Swain-Lenz Devjanee , Nikolskiy Igor , Cheng Jiye , Sudarsanam Priya , Nayler Darcy , Staller Max V , Cohen Barak A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn ongoing challenge in biology is to predict the phenotypes of individuals from their genotypes. Genetic variants that cause disease often change an individual’s total metabolite profile, or metabolome. In light of our extensive knowledge of metabolic pathways, genetic variants that alter the metabolome may help predict novel phenotypes. To link genetic variants to changes in the metabolome, we studied natural variation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used an untargeted mass spectrometry method to identify dozens of metabolite Quantitative Trait Loci (mQTL), genomic regions containing genetic variation that control differences in metabolite levels between individuals. We mapped differences in urea cycle metabolites to genetic variation in specific genes known to regulate amino acid biosynthesis. Our functional assays reveal that genetic variation in two genes, AUA1 and ARG81, cause the differences in the abundance of several urea cycle metabolites. Based on knowledge of the urea cycle, we predicted and then validated a new phenotype: sensitivity to a particular class of amino acid isomers. Our results are a proof-of-concept that untargeted mass spectrometry can reveal links between natural genetic variants and metabolome diversity. The interpretability of our results demonstrates the promise of using genetic variants underlying natural differences in the metabolome to predict novel phenotypes from genotype.
Pictograms, Units and Dosing Tools, and Parent Medication Errors: A Randomized Study
Authors: Yin H. Shonna , Parker Ruth M. , Sanders Lee M. , Mendelsohn Alan , Dreyer Benard P. , Bailey Stacy Cooper , Patel Deesha A. , Jimenez Jessica J. , Kim Kwang-Youn A. , Jacobson Kara , Smith Michelle C.J. , Hedlund Laurie , Meyers Nicole , McFadden Terri , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Poorly designed labels and dosing tools contribute to dosing errors. We examined the degree to which errors could be reduced with pictographic diagrams, milliliter-only units, and provision of tools more closely matched to prescribed volumes.METHODS:This study involved a randomized controlled experiment in 3 pediatric clinics. English- and Spanish-speaking parents (n = 491) of children ≤8 years old were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and given labels and dosing tools that varied in label instruction format (text and pictogram, or text only) and units (milliliter-only ["mL"] or milliliter/teaspoon ["mL/tsp"]). Each parent measured 9 doses of liquid medication (3 amounts [2, 7.5, and 10 mL] and 3 tools [1 cup, 2 syringes (5- and 10-mL capacities)]) in random order. The primary outcome was dosing error (&gt;20% deviation), and large error (&gt;2× dose).RESULTS:We found that 83.5% of parents made ≥1 dosing error (overdosing was present in 12.1% of errors) and 29.3% of parents made ≥1 large error (&gt;2× dose). The greatest impact on errors resulted from the provision of tools more closely matched to prescribed dose volumes. For the 2-mL dose, the fewest errors were seen with the 5-mL syringe (5- vs 10-mL syringe: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.3 [95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.4]; cup versus 10-mL syringe: aOR = 7.5 [5.7–10.0]). For the 7.5-mL dose, the fewest errors were with the 10-mL syringe, which did not necessitate measurement of multiple instrument-fulls (5- vs 10-mL syringe: aOR = 4.0 [3.0–5.4]; cup versus 10-mL syringe: aOR = 2.1 [1.5–2.9]). Milliliter/teaspoon was associated with more errors than milliliter-only (aOR = 1.3 [1.05–1.6]). Parents who received text only (versus text and pictogram) instructions or milliliter/teaspoon (versus milliliter-only) labels and tools made more large errors (aOR = 1.9 [1.1–3.3], aOR = 2.5 [1.4–4.6], respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Provision of dosing tools more closely matched to prescribed dose volumes is an especially promising strategy for reducing pediatric dosing errors.
Az alacsony alkalikusfoszfatáz-aktivitás klinikai értékelése és differenciáldiagnosztikája
Authors: Fodor Anna , Kenesei Éva , Szabó J. Attila 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: Laboratory diagnostics is especially important in the diagnosis of certain diseases. We compared manual measurements results to laboratory normal values. In some cases, these values depend on the gender and age as well. In the case of alkaline phosphatase, it is rarely considered that reference values change over life periods. Unfortunately, during the daily practice we do not always take into account of the changes with aging. This is especially true if the laboratory does not specify the age related normal values. Another problem that we mostly focus on the results exceeding the normal values, and do not pay enough attention to the low values. Of course, these results should be put in the context of the clinical picture and other diagnostic test results. We would like to draw attention to the measuring of alkaline phosphatase and the differential diagnosis for low serum activity. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(26): 1003–1007.
Comportamento dos universitário do curso de biomedicina na realização da prática de automedicação
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Aparecida da Silva , Fernandes Wendel Simões , Ferreira Ricardo César Alves , Lapena Simone Aparecida Biazzi 
Published: June 2017

<p>A automedicação que muitas vezes é vista como uma forma de alívio rápido para alguns sintomas pode ser mais prejudicial para a saúde do que se pode imaginar. Trata-se de uma prática que resulta na ingestão de medicamentos sem o aconselhamento e acompanhamento de um profissional qualificado da saúde, ou seja, é a ingestão de medicamentos por conta e risco do indivíduo. Nesse sentido objetivou-se determinar a quantidade de universitários do curso de biomedicina em uma universidade no município de São José dos Campos, que realizam a automedicação, e os principais fatores indutores dessa prática. O estudo foi realizado por meio de questionário com múltiplas escolhas, abordando o conhecimento e as consequências da automedicação. Foram entrevistados 50 universitários voluntários, de ambos os sexos, e após a coleta de dados, as informações obtidas foram processadas estatisticamente. Observou-se que 100% dos entrevistados afirmaram que já praticaram pelo menos uma vez a automedicação e 96% alegaram que compraram o medicamento com facilidade. Foi observado também que a classe dos analgésicos foi a mais relatada. Com isso pode-se perceber que os estudantes da área da saúde especificamente alunos de biomedicina mesmo com conhecimento sobre o assunto e sobre os riscos, realizam essa prática com frequência. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Behavior of College of biomedicine course at the realization of self-medication practice</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Self-medication is often seen as a form of quick relief for some symptoms may be more harmful to health than you can imagine. It is a practice that results in drug intake without the advice and assistance of a qualified health professional. In this sense it was aimed to determine the amount of Biomedicine course students at a university in São José dos Campos, who perform self-medication, and the main factors that induce this practice. The study was conducted through a questionnaire with multiple choice, addressing the knowledge and self-medication consequences. They interviewed 50 college volunteers of both sexes, and after data collection, information obtained were processed statistically. It was observed that 100 % of respondents said they have already practiced at least once to self-medication, and 96 % claimed they bought the product easily. It was also observed that the class of analgesics was further reported. It can be seen that the students in the health area specifically biomedicine students even with knowledge of the subject and the risks, carry out this practice frequently.</p>
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DE SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS PARA O ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE GOIABEIRA
Authors: Firmino da Costa Jussara Cristina , Mendonça Rejane maria Nunes , Fernandes Leandro Firmino , De Oliveira Flavio Pereira , Santos Djail 
Published: June 2017

O substrato é um fator determinante para obtenção de uma muda de qualidade, devendo este abranger aspectos econômicos, ecológicos, físicos e químicos, proporcionar sustentação durante o enraizamento dasplantas e manter a base aquecida durante o enraizamento, enquanto promove boa umidade e permite aeração. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar fisicamente substratos orgânicos, de forma a subsidiar a escolha da mistura que poderá ser utilizada para o enraizamento de estacas de goiabeira. Os substratos avaliados foram à casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), adquirida de uma empresa familiar, composto orgânico (CO) obtido pela compostagem de resíduos orgânicos (esterco bovino e materiais de limpeza do pomar: galhos, gramíneas, folhase dentre outras). Cinco proporções foram formuladas: (S1 - 100% CO; S2 - 25% CAC + 75% CO; S3 - 50% CAC + 50% CO; S4 - 75% CAC + 25% CO e S5 - 100% CAC), nas quais foi avaliada a densidade seca (Ds); Porosidade total (PT); Espaço de aeração (EA); Água facilmente disponível (AFD); Água tamponante (AT); Água disponível (AD) e Água remanescente (AR). O substrato S3 - (50% casca de arroz carbonizada + 50% composto orgânico) apresenta as características físicas adequadas para o processo rizogênico de goiabeiras.