bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shortest Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composed of Cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Hashimoto Sigma , Iwamoto Takahiro , Kurachi Daisuke , Kayahara Eiichi , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe host–guest chemistry of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) of different sizes is described. [n]CPPs (n=5, 6, 7, 8, and 10) selectively interact with [n+5]CPPs, forming complexes [n+5]CPP⊃[n]CPP, which are the shortest double‐walled armchair carbon nanotubes. The size selectivity is dictated by the difference in diameters of the CPPs (that is, 0.34–0.35 nm), which maximizes attractive van der Waals interactions. Theoretical calculations suggest that the orbital energies of the CPPs become perturbed upon complex formation, and orbital mixing between the two CPPs is predicted for large CPP pairs. The association constants in 1,1,2,2‐[D2]tetrachloroethane, estimated by 1H NMR titration, are approximately 103 mol L−1 at 50 °C. Van't Hoff plot analysis reveals that complexation is driven mainly by entropy owing to desolvation of the CPPs. [13]CPP also forms a complex with [4]cyclo‐2,7‐pyrenylene ([4]CPY), which is a π‐extended [8]CPP. Theoretical calculations suggest that the formation of [13]CPP⊃[4]CPY is more exothermic than that of [13]CPP⊃[8]CPP. A ternary complex, [15]CPP⊃[10]CPP⊃C60, is also formed by mixing [15]CPP and [10]CPP⊃C60.
Expeditious and Solvent‐Free Nickel‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Arenes and Indoles
Authors: Jagtap Rahul A. , Soni Vineeta , Punji Benudhar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient solvent‐free nickel‐catalyzed method for C−H bond arylation of arenes and indoles has been developed, which proceeds expeditiously through chelation assistance. The reaction is highly selective for mono‐arylation and tolerates sensitive and structurally diverse functionalities, such as halides, ethers, amines, indole, pyrrole and carbazole. This reaction represents the first example of a nickel‐catalyzed C−H arylation by monochelate assistance and symbolizes a rare precedent in solvent‐free C−H arylation. Mechanistic investigations by various controlled reactions, kinetic studies, and deuterium labeling experiments suggest that the arylation follows a single electron transfer (SET) pathway involving the turnover‐limiting C−H nickelation process.
One‐pot Reductive Amination of carbonyl Compounds with Nitro Compounds by Transfer Hydrogenation over Co–Nx as catalyst
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhang Zehui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new method was developed for the synthesis of secondary amines through the one‐pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds using formic acid as the hydrogen donor over a heterogeneous non‐noble‐metal catalyst (Co‐Nx/C‐800‐AT, generated by the pyrolysis of the cobalt phthalocyanine/silica composite at 800°C under a N2 atmosphere and subsequent etching by HF). Both nitrogen and cobalt were of considerable importance in the transfer hydrogenation reactions with formic acid.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of a rare case of a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma with “Rhabdoid” features, including treatment implications
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Shetty Omshree , Ramadwar Mukta , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Bajpai Jyoti 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSynovial sarcoma is a high‐grade, soft tissue sarcoma that is relatively chemosensitive. Its exact diagnosis is crucial, including differentiation from its closest diagnostic mimic, ie, Ewing sarcoma, in view of different treatment options, including chemotherapy regimens, for both these tumors. A 15‐year‐old girl presented with a recurrent soft tissue mass in her right popliteal region, which was diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma, based on positive immunoexpression of MIC2/CD99, Fli1 and negative expression of LCA and desmin. During her metastatic “work‐up”, a popliteal lymph node was identified, which was aspirated and examined. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears showed singly scattered and loose, cohesive clusters of cells containing round to polygonal, to short spindle‐shaped nuclei with prominent nuclei, and moderate to abundant cytoplasm, including several “rhabdoid” cells. These features prompted a review of the biopsy of the recurrent tumor, and additional immunohistochemical stains, which revealed positive co‐expression of pan cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), along with a characteristic variable staining pattern of INI11/SMARCB1. Subsequently, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, performed on the paraffin section of the recurrent tumor, 100% tumor nuclei displayed SS18 rearrangement, while none of the tumor cells displayed EWSR1 rearrangement. Diagnosis of poorly differentiated SS with “rhabdoid” features was confirmed. This constitutes as the first case, describing cytopathologic features of a poorly differentiated SS with “rhabdoid” features, initially misdiagnosed as a Ewing sarcoma, on biopsy and confirmed as SS by FISH technique. The diagnostic and treatment implications in this case are discussed herewith. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:662–667. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiallodynic Activity of Ceftriaxone and Clavulanic Acid in Acute Administration is Associated with Serum TNF‐α Modulation and Activation of Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Systems
Authors: Ochoa‐Aguilar A. , Sotomayor‐Sobrino M.A. , Jaimez R. , Rodríguez R. , Plancarte‐Sánchez R. , Ventura‐Martinez R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The aim of this study was to determine the antiallodynic effect of acute administration of the β‐lactam antimicrobials, ceftriaxone (CFX) and clavulanic acid (CLAV), for the control of established pain on a model of neuropathic pain (NP). We also investigated the involvement of dopaminergic and opioidergic pathways as well as alterations in serum concentrations of TNF‐α in the antiallodynic actions of these drugs. CFX, CLAV, or gabapentin (GAP), a reference drug, were administered i.p. twelve days after constriction of the sciatic nerve in rats. Mechanic and cold allodynia were evaluated for 3 h and alterations in serum concentration of TNF‐α determined. Both CFX and CLAV had antiallodynic effects in response to mechanical and cold stimulation, similar to GAP. The antiallodynic effects of CFX and CLAV were blocked by haloperidol (HAL), a D2 receptor antagonist, and by naloxone (NLX), an opioid receptor antagonist. Additionally, serum TNF‐α levels were attenuated following CFX and CLAV administration. These results suggest that acute administration of CFX and CLAV may represent a promising approach for treating the acute allodynia of NP, and that the mechanisms involved in these effects involve activation of dopaminergic and opioidergic pathways as well as modulation of TNF‐α production. Drug Dev Res 78 : 105–115, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Holy anorexia”—relevant or relic? Religiosity and anorexia nervosa among Finnish women
Authors: Sipilä Pyry , Harrasova Gulnara , Mustelin Linda , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSince medieval times, an association between religiosity and anorexia nervosa has been suggested, but few systematic studies exist. This study examines in a nationwide setting whether personal or family religiosity is associated with lifetime anorexia nervosa among women in adolescence and early adulthood. Women (N = 2,825) from the 1975 to 1979 birth cohorts of Finnish twins were screened for lifetime DSM‐5 anorexia nervosa (N = 92). Parental religiosity was assessed by self‐report when the women were aged 16 years. The women self‐reported their religiosity at ages 16 and 22 to 27 years. Parental religiosity did not increase the risk of lifetime anorexia nervosa, and neither did religiosity of the women themselves in adolescence. In early adulthood, a J‐shaped curve was compatible with the data, indicating increased risk both at low and high levels of religiosity, but this result was statistically non‐significant. Religiosity was weakly negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction. There was some suggestive evidence for socioregional variation in the association of religiosity with lifetime anorexia nervosa. In this first population study to directly address religiosity and anorexia nervosa, no evidence was found for a significant association of religiosity with anorexia nervosa either at the personal or family level. Some regional differences are possible. A modest protective association of religiosity with body dissatisfaction is also possible. Despite compelling case descriptions of “holy anorexia,” religiosity does not appear to be a central factor in the development of anorexia nervosa in Finland, a highly secularized Christian country.
Creating multithemed ecological regions for macroscale ecology: Testing a flexible, repeatable, and accessible clustering method
Authors: Cheruvelil Kendra Spence , Yuan Shuai , Webster Katherine E. , Tan Pang‐Ning , Lapierre Jean‐François , Collins Sarah M. , Fergus C. Emi , Scott Caren E. , Henry Emily Norton , Soranno Patricia A. , Filstrup Christopher T. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding broad‐scale ecological patterns and processes often involves accounting for regional‐scale heterogeneity. A common way to do so is to include ecological regions in sampling schemes and empirical models. However, most existing ecological regions were developed for specific purposes, using a limited set of geospatial features and irreproducible methods. Our study purpose was to: (1) describe a method that takes advantage of recent computational advances and increased availability of regional and global data sets to create customizable and reproducible ecological regions, (2) make this algorithm available for use and modification by others studying different ecosystems, variables of interest, study extents, and macroscale ecology research questions, and (3) demonstrate the power of this approach for the research question—How well do these regions capture regional‐scale variation in lake water quality? To achieve our purpose we: (1) used a spatially constrained spectral clustering algorithm that balances geospatial homogeneity and region contiguity to create ecological regions using multiple terrestrial, climatic, and freshwater geospatial data for 17 northeastern U.S. states (~1,800,000 km2); (2) identified which of the 52 geospatial features were most influential in creating the resulting 100 regions; and (3) tested the ability of these ecological regions to capture regional variation in water nutrients and clarity for ~6,000 lakes. We found that: (1) a combination of terrestrial, climatic, and freshwater geospatial features influenced region creation, suggesting that the oft‐ignored freshwater landscape provides novel information on landscape variability not captured by traditionally used climate and terrestrial metrics; and (2) the delineated regions captured macroscale heterogeneity in ecosystem properties not included in region delineation—approximately 40% of the variation in total phosphorus and water clarity among lakes was at the regional scale. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of this method for creating customizable and reproducible regions for research and management applications.
Prognostic value of long‐term blood pressure changes in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Schmid Florian A. , Schlager Oliver , Keller Philipp , Seifert Burkhardt , Huang Ruizhu , Fröhlich Georg M. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Ruschitzka Frank , Enseleit Frank 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic heart failure (CHF) is the final stage of many heart diseases. To improve outcomes, important risk factors for adverse clinical events in the CHF population need to be identified. The aim of the present study was to delineate the influence of long‐term blood pressure (BP) changes on prognosis and mortality in a real‐world cohort of CHF patients.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective longitudinal analysis. Repeated office BP measurements were scheduled during follow‐up visits every 3–6 months. The primary endpoint was time to death or heart transplantation (HTx). A Cox regression with time‐dependent strata was used to analyse the effect of systolic BP (SBP) values and its change during follow‐up on the primary endpoint. A total of 927 patients presented with a median survival of 7.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6–9.8] years. During follow‐up, 220 patients died and 70 patients underwent HTx. The BP stratum with the most stable values showed the best survival. Blood pressure changes with an increase or decrease greater than ±10 mmHg per year led to a significantly worse outcome [hazard ratio (HR) 1.8 and 2.0, respectively]. The stratum with the lowest SBP levels (<90 mmHg) had the highest mortality. Multiple regression analysis showed a HR factor of 17 (95% CI 9.7–29) in comparison with the stratum with SBP ≥130 mmHg.ConclusionLow SBP (<90 mmHg) and pronounced long‐term changes in SBP were associated with poor survival in patients with CHF. Additional prospective studies are warranted to further specify optimal BP targets in patients with CHF.
New medicinal products for chronic heart failure: advances in clinical trial design and efficacy assessment
Authors: Cowie Martin R. , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Alonso Garcia Maria de los Angeles , Anker Stefan D. , Baczynska Anna , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Borentain Maria , Bruins Slot Karsten , Cronin Maureen , Doevendans Pieter A. , El‐Gazayerly Amany , Gimpelewicz Claudio , Honarpour Narimon , Janmohamed Salim , Janssen Heidi , Kim Albert M. , Lautsch Dominik , Laws Ian , Lefkowitz Martin , Lopez‐Sendon Jose , Lyon Alexander R. , Malik Fady I. , McMurray John J.V. , Metra Marco , Figueroa Perez Santiago , Pfeffer Marc A. , Pocock Stuart J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Prasad Krishna , Richard‐Lordereau Isabelle , Roessig Lothar , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Sherman Warren , Stough Wendy Gattis , Swedberg Karl , Tyl Benoit , Zannad Faiez , Boulton Caroline , De Graeff Pieter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite the availability of a number of different classes of therapeutic agents with proven efficacy in heart failure, the clinical course of heart failure patients is characterized by a reduction in life expectancy, a progressive decline in health‐related quality of life and functional status, as well as a high risk of hospitalization. New approaches are needed to address the unmet medical needs of this patient population. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is undertaking a revision of its Guideline on Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. The draft version of the Guideline was released for public consultation in January 2016. The Cardiovascular Round Table of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in partnership with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, convened a dedicated two‐day workshop to discuss three main topic areas of major interest in the field and addressed in this draft EMA guideline: (i) assessment of efficacy (i.e. endpoint selection and statistical analysis); (ii) clinical trial design (i.e. issues pertaining to patient population, optimal medical therapy, run‐in period); and (iii) research approaches for testing novel therapeutic principles (i.e. cell therapy). This paper summarizes the key outputs from the workshop, reviews areas of expert consensus, and identifies gaps that require further research or discussion. Collaboration between regulators, industry, clinical trialists, cardiologists, health technology assessment bodies, payers, and patient organizations is critical to address the ongoing challenge of heart failure and to ensure the development and market access of new therapeutics in a scientifically robust, practical and safe way.
Thermal removal of COD and NH3N from Lurgi coal‐gasification wastewater
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Chang'an , Li Guangyu , Liu Yinhe , Che Defu 
Published: March 2017

In this article, an alternative approach of wastewater utilization in coal‐gasification process was proposed and evaluated. With wastewater being heated and sprayed into the gasifier, water vapor is treated as gasification agent and contaminants are thermally decomposed under specific conditions. The lab‐scale experiments were performed using entrained‐flow reactor system to investigate thermal removal of COD and NH3N contained in wastewater by changing temperature, reaction atmosphere, oxygen proportion, and residence time. The experimental results show that reaction temperature has a significant effect on COD and NH3N removal, and removal efficiency is obviously increased with temperature increased from 400 to 1000°C. The removal efficiency of COD and NH3N in different atmospheres ranks in the order: oxidative > inert > reductive. The thermal decomposition of organic constituents is enhanced by increasing oxygen proportion and residence time. Furthermore, a simplified kinetic study of COD and NH3N removal efficiency was carried out on the hypothesis of pseudo‐first order reaction model. The pre‐exponential factor and apparent activation energy for COD and NH3N removal were obtained in the range of 3.63 × 103−1.62 × 106, 34.39–58.16 kJ mol−1 and 1.58 × 104−8.71 × 105 s−1, 41.25–61.75 kJ mol−1, respectively. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1333–1341, 2017
Application of chitosan‐modified pumice for antimony adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Sari Ahmet , Tuzen Mustafa , Kocal İhsan 
Published: March 2017

In this study, raw pumice (RPMC) was modified successfully by using chitosan and then used to remove of antimony (Sb(III)) ions from aqueous solutions. The chitosan modified pumice (CTS‐mPMC) sorbent was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform‐Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy analysis techniques. The dependency of the adsorption efficiency on initial pH, contact time, sorbent concentration, Sb(III) ion concentration, and temperature were also studied systemically. The equilibrium data were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity at pH 5 was determined to be 44.8 and 88.9 mg g−1 for RPMC and CTS‐mPMC sorbents, respectively. The D–R model results confirmed that the adsorption process was taken place dominantly through metal complex formation or chemical ion exchange. The reusability test indicated that the prepared CTS‐mPMC sorbent showed a good adsorption‐desorption stability even after 10 cycles. The kinetic results showed that the Sb(III) adsorption mechanism was well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process had exothermic character in nature and was more feasible with decreasing temperature. Based on all results it can be concluded that the prepared CTS‐mPMC can be considered as a promising sorbent for the elimination of Sb(III) ions from wastewaters. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1587–1596, 2017
Insight into preparation of activated carbon towards defluoridation of waste water: Optimization, kinetics, equilibrium, and cost estimation
Authors: Palodkar Avinash V. , Anupam Kumar , Banerjee Soumya , Halder Gopinath 
Published: March 2017

The present investigation highlights the optimization of preparation conditions of activated carbon developed from Cocos nucifera towards fluoride removal from wastewater. Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the effect of three variables: H3PO4 concentration, carbonization temperature and time on the three responses: surface area, micropore volume and fluoride adsorption capacity. Activated carbon prepared under optimized conditions possessed a surface area of 941.45 m2 g−1 and micropore volume of 0.401 cm3 g−1. It was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The fluoride removal process was further investigated by studying the effect of pH, temperature, initial fluoride concentration, time, adsorbent dose and agitation speed. The maximum removal of fluoride was found to be 94.4%. The adsorption equilibrium data well fitted into Langmuir isotherm in comparison to Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic study revealed that the surface adsorption as well as intraparticle diffusion is the rate limiting step for fluoride sorption onto adsorbent. The low cost incurred in its production signifies its commercial exploitation as adsorbent. Therefore, the activated carbon prepared statistically from Cocus nucifera could be employed as an effective tool for fluoride adsorption from wastewater. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1597–1611, 2017
Temporal Discounting and the Tendency to Delay Gratification across the Eating Disorder Spectrum
Authors: Bartholdy Savani , Rennalls Samantha , Danby Hollie , Jacques Claire , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike , O'Daly Owen G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) have been associated with poorer reward‐related inhibitory control, reflected by a reduced tendency to delay gratification. The opposite has been reported in anorexia nervosa (AN), but differences have not been directly compared across eating disorders (EDs). This study investigated self‐reported (Delaying Gratification Inventory) and task‐based (temporal discounting) inhibitory control in 66 women with an ED and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Poorer task‐based inhibitory control was observed in the BN compared with the AN group and poorer self‐reported inhibitory control in the BN and in the BED groups compared with the AN and the HC groups, suggesting that reward‐related inhibitory control varies across EDs. Symptom severity correlated with poorer self‐reported (but not task‐based) inhibitory control across the EDs. These data provide some support for transdiagnostic mechanisms and highlight the importance of addressing perceived loss of control in the treatment of EDs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evidence of the Generalization and Construct Representation Inferences for the GRE® revised General Test Sentence Equivalence Item Type
Authors: Bejar Isaac I. , Deane Paul D. , Flor Michael , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe report is the first systematic evaluation of the sentence equivalence item type introduced by the GRE® revised General Test. We adopt a validity framework to guide our investigation based on Kane's approach to validation whereby a hierarchy of inferences that should be documented to support score meaning and interpretation is evaluated. We present evidence relevant to the generalization inference as well as evidence of construct representation. We analyzed the pool of sentence equivalence items in three studies. The first and second studies focused on the generalization inference and sought to document the construction principles behind the sentence equivalence items, specifically the nature of the vocabulary tested. The third study focused on construct representation and evaluated the contribution of the stem, the keys, and the distractors to item difficulty. We concluded that the vocabulary tested by the sentence equivalence items is appropriate given the purpose of the GRE, namely, to assist in the selection of graduate students. The difficulty of the items was shown to be, in part, a function of the familiarity of the vocabulary as well as the context in which the vocabulary is tested, which we argue is positive validity evidence.