bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of remission during acute treatment of first‐episode schizophrenia patients involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm‐based pharmacotherapy: Secondary analysis of an observational study
Authors: Yoshimura Bunta , Sakamoto Shinji , Sato Kojiro , Takaki Manabu , Yamada Norihito 
Published: December 2017

AimEarly clinical response predicts symptomatic remission and recovery in the maintenance treatment phase of first‐episode schizophrenia (FES). However, little is known about predictors of symptomatic remission during acute treatment of severely ill patients with FES. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis of our retrospective observational study, which examined response, remission and treatment‐resistance rates in seriously ill patients with FES spectrum disorders involuntarily hospitalized and treated with algorithm‐based pharmacotherapy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 131 involuntarily admitted patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Our algorithm aimed to delay olanzapine treatment, standardize medications and suggest initiation of clozapine after failure of third‐line antipsychotic treatment. The duration of each adequate antipsychotic treatment at an optimal dosage was 4 weeks or more. Remission was defined using the symptom‐severity component of consensus remission criteria. A logistic regression model was applied to identify significant predictors of remission at discharge.ResultsOverall, 74 patients (56%) were in remission at discharge. Non‐remitters were hampered from becoming remitters mainly by the presence of negative symptoms. There were no differences in first‐line antipsychotics, dosage of antipsychotics at time of response and adherence rates to algorithm‐based pharmacotherapy between remitters and non‐remitters. Shorter duration of untreated psychosis, favourable early response and less negative symptoms at baseline were identified as independent predictors of remission at discharge.ConclusionsThe importance of early intervention and specific and adequate treatments of negative symptoms is highlighted.
Frequency distribution of osteochondral fragmentation of the dorsoproximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK
Authors: Walsh R. , Smith M. R. W. , Wright I. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundOsteochondral fragmentation of the dorsoproximal margin of the proximal phalanx is commonly recognised in racing Thoroughbreds. Frequency distribution has been documented in racing Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses in the USA and in European Warmbloods but no data have been published from the UK. Concurrent intra‐articular soft tissue lesions and radiographic accuracy of fragment distribution in racing Thoroughbreds have not previously been reported.ObjectivesTo document frequency distribution of dorsoproximal fragmentation of the proximal phalanx in a UK population of racing Thoroughbreds and to compare this with published data. To document concurrent intra‐articular lesions identified arthroscopically and radiographic accuracy of fragment distribution.Study designA retrospective single centre‐based, observational study.MethodsSurgical reports and radiographs of all racing Thoroughbreds that underwent arthroscopic surgery for removal of fragmentation from the dorsoproximal margin of the proximal phalanx at Newmarket Equine Hospital between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐two (85.8%) horses were in or being prepared for flat racing. Osteochondral fragmentation of the dorsoproximal aspect of the proximal phalanx was present in 428 fetlock joints of 282 horses, consisting of 194 (45.3%) left and 188 (43.9%) right metacarpophalangeal joints, and 20 (4.7%) left and 26 (6.1%) right metatarsophalangeal joints. Fragmentation was located dorsomedially in 316 (73.8%), dorsolaterally in 32 (7.5%) and biaxially in 80 (18.7%) joints. Concurrent soft tissue lesions were identified in 168 (39.3%) joints. Radiographic evidence of fragmentation was visible in 320 joints (74.8%).Main limitationsLimited numbers preclude conclusions with respect to yearlings and horses in jump race training.ConclusionDorsoproximal fragmentation of the proximal phalanx occurred most frequently medially and in the forelimbs. Sidedness was not demonstrated. Although similar to previously reported data, variance in limb distribution is evident. Further research is required to determine whether concurrent intra‐articular soft tissue lesions are aetiopathogenic or an additional result of the pathological changes leading to fragmentation. Fragmentation site was not always accurately identified radiographically.The Summary is available in Spanish ‐ see Supporting information.
Statistical assessment of notch toughness against cleavage fracture of ferritic steels
Authors: Qian G. , Lei W.‐S. , Peng L. , Yu Z. , Niffenegger M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe work is an initial effort on adopting a statistical approach to correlate the fracture behavior between a notched and a fracture mechanics specimen. The random nature of cleavage fracture process determines that both the microscopic fracture stress and the macroscopic properties including fracture load, fracture toughness, and the ductile to brittle transition temperature are all stochastic parameters. This understanding leads to the proposal of statistical assessment of cleavage induced notch brittleness of ferritic steels according to a recently proposed local approach model of cleavage fracture. The temperature independence of the 2 Weibull parameters in the new model induces a master curve to correlate the fracture load at different temperatures. A normalized stress combining the 2 Weibull parameters and the yield stress is proposed as the deterministic index to measure notch toughness. This proposed index is applied to compare the notch toughness of a ferritic steel with 2 different microstructures.
TOTALITARIANISM BETWEEN HISTORY AND THEORY
Authors: TRAVERSO ENZO 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBorn in Italy at the beginning of the 1920s, the concept of totalitarianism experienced an uninterrupted succession of metamorphoses and changes throughout the twentieth century, until its last rebirth after September 11, 2001, when it was remobilized in the struggle against Islamic terrorism. It is an astonishingly plastic, resilient, and inevitably ambiguous concept, insofar as it merges both politics and scholarship, and belongs, with a different meaning, to almost all currents of thought. Born in the political struggle, it shifted successfully to political theory in which, beyond their discrepancies, most of its interpreters defined it as a new form of power that exceeds the classical categories of political theory running from Aristotle to Max Weber—despotism, tyranny, dictatorship—and grounded in a combination of ideology and terror. The migration of this concept to the field of historical studies, however, was much more controversial. Useful in defining the nature and forms of political regimes, and eventually to establish their typology, “totalitarianism” becomes a problematic, limited, not to say useless concept for analyzing their origins, developments, and fall. On the one hand, it favors a selective historical comparison between different political regimes; on the other hand, it simply juxtaposes them, stressing some analogies but neglecting other fundamental dimensions of historical investigation (origins, duration, ideologies, and social basis). This article is a plea for critical use of this category, which implies both a rejection of its recurrent ideological uses and its integration with the achievements of social and cultural history.
Changes in the health‐related quality of life of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses
Authors: Harju Eeva , Rantanen Anja , Kaunonen Marja , Helminen Mika , Isotalo Taina , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine how the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses change during the 6 months after diagnosis and which factors explain the changes. Patients with prostate cancer and their spouses have reported a decrease in HRQoL, but simultaneous follow‐up of the HRQoL of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses is rare. The sample consisted of 186 couples. The participants personally filled in the RAND‐36‐Item Health Survey, both at the time of diagnosis and 6 months later. Changes in the HRQoL were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests. Linear regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the changes in HRQoL in the patients and their spouses. The HRQoL of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses did not change significantly during the first 6 months after diagnosis. Changes in the patients’ bodily pain and physical functioning were explained by their background variables. The spouses’ background variables did not explain the changes in HRQoL during the follow‐up period. In addition, the changes in the HRQoL of patients and their spouses are very similar. There is a need for long‐term assessment of changes in the HRQoL of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses. The findings indicate that attention should be paid to spouses with regard to the nursing of patients with prostate cancer, as spouses seem to be an important resource for patients with prostate cancer.
Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated from varying irrigation systems: 2. Carbohydrate and protein content
Authors: Serena M. , Schiavon M. , Sallenave R. , Leinauer B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA 3‐year study was conducted at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, to investigate whether different fertilization treatments affect the carbohydrate and protein content in two warm‐season grasses grown using water conservation strategies such as non‐potable saline irrigation water and a subsurface irrigation system. “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and “Sea Spray” seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) were irrigated with either potable (electrical conductivity [EC] = 0.6 dS m−1) or saline (EC = 3.1 dS m−1) water from either an overhead or a subsurface drip irrigation system. Four different fertilizers were used in this study: liquid slow release, granular slow release, granular urea and urea liquid, at two rates: 10 and 20 g N m−2 yr−1 for “Sea Spray” and 20 and 30 g N m−2 yr−1 for “Princess 77.” Carbohydrate (sucrose, starch, total soluble carbohydrates and total non‐structural carbohydrates) and protein content of the grasses were measured, and their effect on spring green‐up was determined. The total carbohydrate content within the stolons and rhizomes was found to be closely associated with speed of spring green‐up, resulting in R2 values ranging from 0.36 to 0.76. The relationship between green‐up and carbohydrate content was similar for both grasses. Fertilizer treatment did not affect carbohydrate content in either grass under either irrigation system. Further analysis revealed that carbohydrate content in February was the best determinant for spring green‐up. Other sampling months also showed a significant correlation with spring green‐up, but with lower R2 values.
Unravelling current sexual care in chronic kidney disease: perspective of social workers
Authors: van Ek Gaby F. , Keurhorst Dirry , Krouwel Esmée M. , Nicolai Melianthe P.J. , Den Ouden Marjolein E.M. , Elzevier Henk W. , Putter Hein , Pelger Rob C.M. , Den Oudsten Brenda L. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundFifty to eighty percent of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a form of sexual dysfunction (SD), even after renal transplantation. Despite this, inquiring about SD is often not included in the daily practice of renal care providers.ObjectivesThis paper explores the perspectives of renal social workers regarding sexual care for patients and evaluates their practice, attitude towards responsibility and knowledge of SD.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted using a 41‐item online survey.ParticipantsSeventy‐nine members of the Dutch Federation of Social Workers Nephrology.ResultsIt was revealed that 60% of respondents discussed SD with a fifth of their patients. Frequency of discussion was associated with experience (p = 0.049), knowledge (p = 0.001), supplementary education (p = 0.006), and the availability of protocols on sexual care (p = 0.007). Main barriers towards discussing SD consisted of ‘culture and religion’ (51.9%), ‘language and ethnicity’ (49.4%), and ‘presence of a third person’ (45.6%). Sufficient knowledge of SD was present in 28% of respondents. The responsibility for discussion was 96% nephrologists and 81% social workers.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that a part of Dutch nephrology social workers do not provide sexual care regularly, due to insufficient experience and sexual knowledge, absence of privacy and protocols and barriers based on cultural diversity. According to the respondents the responsibility for this aspect of care should be multidisciplinary. Recommendations include a need for further education on the topic, private opportunities to discuss SD and multidisciplinary guidelines on sexual care.
Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Langhorn R. , Kieler I.N. , Koch J. , Christiansen L.B. , Jessen L.R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundSymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been increasingly used as a marker of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, but little is known about the influence of comorbidities on SDMA in this species.HypothesisHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and diabetes mellitus (DM), independently of CKD, are associated with changes in serum SDMA.AnimalsNinety‐four cats (17 with CKD, 40 with HCM, 17 with DM, and 20 healthy controls).MethodsCase‐control study. Clinical examination, echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure, CBC, biochemistry, thyroxine, and SDMA measurement were performed. Urinalysis was performed in controls and cats with CKD and DM. Analysis of variance was used to compare overall differences in the log‐transformed SDMA data among groups. A random forest algorithm was applied to explore which clinical and other factors influenced serum SDMA.ResultsMedian (range) serum SDMA for the renal group (positive control) was 19 (10–93) μg/dL, whereas for the control group (negative control), it was 10 (5–15) μg/dL. For the cardiac and diabetic groups, serum SDMA was 9 (4–24) μg/dL and 7 (3–11) μg/dL, respectively. The renal group had significantly higher SDMA concentrations and the diabetic group significantly lower SDMA concentrations compared to all other groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum SDMA concentrations in cats with HCM were not significantly different from those of healthy control cats. Cats with DM, however, had significantly lower SDMA concentrations than controls, a finding that needs further investigation and should be kept in mind when evaluating renal function of cats with this endocrinopathy.
An implementation algorithm to improve skin‐to‐skin practice in the first hour after birth
Authors: Brimdyr Kajsa , Cadwell Karin , Stevens Jeni , Takahashi Yuki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvidence supporting the practice of skin‐to‐skin contact and breastfeeding soon after birth points to physiologic, social, and psychological benefits for both mother and baby. The 2009 revision of Step 4 of the WHO/UNICEF “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” elaborated on the practice of skin‐to‐skin contact between the mother and her newly born baby indicating that the practice should be “immediate” and “without separation” unless documented medically justifiable reasons for delayed contact or interruption exist. While in immediate, continuous, uninterrupted skin‐to‐skin contact with mother in the first hour after birth, babies progress through 9 instinctive, complex, distinct, and observable stages including self‐attachment and suckling. However, the most recent Cochrane review of early skin‐to‐skin contact cites inconsistencies in the practice; the authors found “inadequate evidence with respect to details … such as timing of initiation and dose.” This paper introduces a novel algorithm to analyse the practice of skin to skin in the first hour using two data sets and suggests opportunities for practice improvement. The algorithm considers the mother's Robson criteria, skin‐to‐skin experience, and Widström's 9 Stages. Using data from vaginal births in Japan and caesarean births in Australia, the algorithm utilizes data in a new way to highlight challenges to best practice. The use of a tool to analyse the implementation of skin‐to‐skin care in the first hour after birth illuminates the successes, barriers, and opportunities for improvement to achieving the standard of care for babies. Future application should involve more diverse facilities and Robson's classifications.
Periapical infection may affect birth outcomes via systemic inflammation
Authors: Harjunmaa U , Doyle R , Järnstedt J , Kamiza S , Jorgensen JM , Stewart CP , Shaw L , Hallamaa L , Ashorn U , Klein N , Dewey KG , Maleta K , Ashorn P 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesMaternal dental periapical infections are associated with preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. This study investigates whether the association is mediated through bacterial spread from periapical lesions to placenta (direct pathway) or systemic inflammatory reaction (indirect pathway).Materials and MethodsWe compared birth outcomes in Malawian mothers with and without periapical infection. As markers of a direct pathway, we identified placental bacteria using a 16S rDNA approach and assessed histological evidence of inflammation in the placenta and amniotic membranes. We measured C‐reactive protein, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein, and salivary cortisol as markers of an indirect pathway. We used regression models to associate the predictor variables with duration of pregnancy and newborn size.ResultsOf 1,024 women, 23.5% had periapical infection. There was no association of periapical infection with either bacterial DNA or histological inflammation in placenta or membranes. Periapical infection was associated with C‐reactive protein, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein, and cortisol concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner at 36 weeks. Addition of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein or cortisol concentration into regression models attenuated the association between periapical infection and pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionThere was no evidence of direct spread of periapical bacteria to the placenta. Periapical infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes are in part mediated through systemic inflammation.
Characteristics of pediatric recurrent erythema multiforme
Authors: Heinze Adam , Tollefson Megha , Holland Kristen E. , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundErythema multiforme (EM) is an acute condition characterized by distinctive target lesions of the skin often accompanied by mucosal ulcers. A subset of individuals experience frequent episodes of recurrent EM, which is rare and poorly understood, especially in children.ObjectiveTo characterize clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment responses of pediatric recurrent EM.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (2000‐2015) and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota (1990‐2015). Inclusion criterion was a diagnosis before age 18 years with recurrent EM, defined as a symmetrically distributed, fixed eruption, including target lesions, with or without mucous membrane involvement, occurring on at least three occasions. A literature review was conducted to include individuals who met the inclusion criterion.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were included, of whom 16 (62%) were male. The median age of onset was 9.1 years (range 0‐15.7 years). Nine patients (35%) required hospitalization. Herpes simplex virus testing was positive in 9 of 17 (65%) patients. Remission was achieved in 5 of 16 (31%) patients while taking suppressive antivirals. Eight patients received continuous anti‐inflammatory treatment, two (25%) of whom experienced remission.ConclusionThis study of pediatric recurrent EM found a greater male predominance, more hospitalizations, fewer cases caused by herpes simplex virus, and a lower response to immunosuppression in children than in the general population.
Arterial stiffness in junior high school students: Longitudinal observations
Authors: Fujiwara Hiroshi , Nakajima Hisakazu , Inoue Fumio , Kosaka Kitaro , Asano Hiroaki , Yoshii Kengo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundEarly atherosclerotic change is found even in childhood, and there is an urgent need to clarify the factors causing childhood atherosclerosis and take preventive measures. Early detection of the contributing risk factors is crucial to facilitate preventive measures. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a widely used technique for the assessment of atherosclerosis in children.MethodsLifestyle questionnaire, brachio‐ankle PWV (baPWV) and anthropometric data were obtained from junior high school students in an urban area of Japan between 2006 and 2008, from seventh to ninth grades.ResultsMean baPWV increased from 867.4 ± 99.5 m/s to 944.5 ± 117.5 m/s in boys, and from 864.0 ± 99.5 m/s to 923.0 ± 101.3 m/s in girls. Obese students had higher baPWV than non‐obese students in both genders across each grade. On logistic regression analysis of ninth grade student data, high baPWV was dependent on systolic blood pressure (SBP), time watching television (TV) and symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas low baPWV was dependent on time playing video games, light exercise, sleep and indoor play, as well as good friendship and motivation.ConclusionSystolic blood pressure, time watching TV, and symptoms of depression and anxiety may contribute to arterial stiffness and be related to obesity in junior high school students.
A critical review of postfeminist sensibility
Authors: Riley Sarah , Evans Adrienne , Elliott Sinikka , Rice Carla , Marecek Jeanne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper critically reviews how feminist academic psychologists, social scientists, and media scholars have developed Rosalind Gill's generative construct “postfeminist sensibility.” We describe the key themes of postfeminist sensibility, a noncoherent set of ideas about femininity, embodiment, and empowerment circulating across a range of media. Ideas that inform women's sense of self, making postfeminist sensibility an important object for psychological study. We then consider research that drew on postfeminist sensibility, focusing on new sexual subjectivities, which developed analysis of agency, empowerment, and the possibilities and limitations in taking up new subjectivities associated with postfeminism, as well as who could take up these subjectivities. We show how such work identified complexities and contradictions in postfeminist sensibility and offer suggestions for how this work might be further developed, particularly by intersectionality‐informed research. In the final section, we address contemporary debates surrounding postfeminism. We consider challenges and counterarguments to postfeminist sensibility as a useful term for describing contemporary patterns of sense‐making on gender, making the case for continuing research on postfeminist sensibility in the areas of digital cultures, a transformative imperative that includes the mind as well as the body, transnational postfeminism, and new forms of feminist activism. We conclude that such work would benefit from considering the ways that different technologies mediate the ideas and practices associated with postfeminist sensibility.