bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Effective Approach of Two‐Step 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′‐Hexanitrostilbene Preparation and Its Industrial Scale Study.
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Lu Ting‐ting , Lu Ming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared in two steps by homocoupling of trinitrotoluene employing NaOCl as oxidant followed by aerobic dehydrogenation of the resulting hexanitrobienzyl using TEMPO/FeCl2·7H2O as catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Wittig [2,3]‐Rearrangement of Oxindoles.
Authors: Oseka Maksim , Kimm Mariliis , Kaabel Sandra , Jaerving Ivar , Rissanen Kari , Kanger Tonis 
Published: July 2016

Abstract4‐Methylbenzyl is found to be the N‐protecting group of choice in the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Mediated Radical Tandem Reactions of 3‐Benzyl‐2‐oxindoles with Styrene Derivatives for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclohexene Oxindoles.
Authors: Wu Hong‐Ru , Cheng Liang , Kong De‐Long , Huang Hong‐Yan , Gu Chun‐Ling , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe title reaction produces the desired spirocycles with mostly complete diastereoselectivity and a broad spectrum of both reactant classes is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides to Planar Chalcones via Regio‐ and Stereoselective Route: A Three‐Component Strategy.
Authors: Gayen Biswajit , Banerji Avijit , Dhara Kaliprasanna 
Published: July 2016

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of chalcones with non‐stabilized azomethine ylides formed in situ from L‐proline and aldehydes are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1H‐Indazole‐4,7‐diols via Iodine(III)‐Mediated [3 + 2] Cyclization in Water.
Authors: Hou Yingwei , Cai Chao , Yu Guangli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn efficient iodine(III)‐mediated [3+2]‐cycloaddition between phenol derivatives and diazomethylarenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalysis Study of Mesoporous MCM‐41 Supported Schiff Base and CuSO4·5H2O in a Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives from Cyclocondensation of Mercaptoacetic Acid.
Authors: Pang Hai‐Xia , Hui Yong‐Hai , Fan Kui , Xing Xue‐Jian , Wu Yang , Yang Jing‐Hui , Shi Wei , Xie Zheng‐Feng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBoth in‐situ generated imines [e.g. from (II) and (III)] and pre‐synthesized imines [e.g. (V)] can react with mercaptoacetic acid (I) to give the thiazolidinones [e.g. (IV)] in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride Catalyzed Formation of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans from α‐Alkylated 1,3‐Dicarbonyls. Selective Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Lapachone.
Authors: Watson Rebecca B. , Golonka Alexander N. , Schindler Corinna S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSubstrates bearing one ester group are readily transformed to functionalized pyran core structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐quinolin‐2‐ones Through Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Halle Francois , Van der Poorten Olivier , Doebelin Christelle , Niederst Marie , Schneider Severine , Schmitt Martine , Ballet Steven , Bihel Frederic 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntramolecular Buchwald—Hartwig cyclization of 2‐bromophenylalanine derivatives allows the synthesis of chiral dihydroquinolines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Carboacylation of C=N Bonds via C—C Activation of Benzocyclobutenones.
Authors: Deng Lin , Xu Tao , Li Hongbo , Dong Guangbin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis method gives access to a variety of novel, pharmaceutically interesting polycyclic lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Quinoline‐Fused Lactones and 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinolines via Catalytic Aerobic sp3 C—H Oxidation: Application of Fragment‐Reassembly Strategy.
Authors: Ma Xingge , Zhu Yingzu , Lue Shiwei , Zhang Liang , Luo Liangliang , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlycine esters and dihydrofuran undergo a domino oxidative Povarov reaction/aromatization/lactonization sequence to form quinoline‐fused lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐ and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization Between 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine and α‐Diazo Esters.
Authors: Li Yunyun , Wang Fen , Yu Songjie , Li Xingwei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe catalyzed carbocyclization between 2‐aryl‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and α‐diazoesters occurs via C—H activation and dialkylation of the arene followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation Approach Through Reaction of Chromonyl Meldrum′s Acid and Nitrogen Binucleophiles.
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Mehrparvar Saber , Rominger Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe preparation of N‐substituted 2‐aminobenzamides is described which further react via acid catalysis to cromonyl quinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroesterification of 2‐Allylphenols to Seven‐Membered Lactones without External CO Gas.
Authors: Chang Wenju , Li Jingfu , Ren Wenlong , Shi Yian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA regioselective hydroesterification of 2‐allylphenols with phenyl formate as CO source leads to benzo‐fused ε‐caprolactones in good yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization: A Direct Approach to 3,4‐Disubstituted Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones Through Activation of the P—H Bond and Functionalization of the C(sp2)—H Bond.
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Gu Zhangxi , Li Zhenyi , Pan Changduo , Li Weipeng , Hu Hongwen , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new and direct access to 3‐phosphorylated‐4‐aryl‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via an 6‐endo‐trig pathway is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Revisions of a Class of Natural Products: Scaffolds of Aglycon Analogues of Fusicoccins and Cotylenins Isolated from Fungi.
Authors: Tang Ying , Xue Yongbo , Du Guang , Wang Jianping , Liu Junjun , Sun Bin , Li Xiao‐Nian , Yao Guangmin , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNovel brassicicenes L (IV), M (If), and N (V) are isolated from the fungus Alternaria brassicicola and their structures are elucidated.
Spatial scale matters when modeling avian co‐occurrence
Authors: Harms Tyler M. , Dinsmore Stephen J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe spatial scale at which competition alters the spatial distribution of a species is important to consider when evaluating competitive interactions between species. The two‐species occupancy model was developed to evaluate competitive interactions between two species while accounting for imperfect detection. However, no studies have incorporated spatial scale into such models. We developed an approach to incorporate spatial scale when evaluating species co‐occurrence using the two‐species occupancy model and tested our approach on two wetland passerines: the Yellow‐headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) and the Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris). We surveyed for Yellow‐headed Blackbirds and Marsh Wrens using point counts at wetlands throughout Iowa in 2009 and 2010. We assigned observations to one of three distance bins: ≤20, ≤60, and ≤100 m and then created encounter histories for each distance bin for the two‐species occupancy model and modeled co‐occurrence as a function of habitat covariates for each distance bin. We also modeled co‐occurrence using all observations regardless of distance. We found that Yellow‐headed Blackbirds were less likely to co‐occur with Marsh Wrens at both the ≤60 and ≤100 m scales. However, using all observations, we found that Yellow‐headed Blackbirds and Marsh Wrens co‐occurred independent of one another. This result illustrated that failure to incorporate spatial scale in evaluations of species co‐occurrence could lead to incorrect inferences on co‐occurrence of different species. The two‐species co‐occurrence occupancy model is a valuable tool that allows researchers to evaluate the presence of competitive interactions between species, and incorporating spatial scale into these models provides information on how species partition resources at different spatial scales within a patch. Understanding species co‐occurrence patterns across multiple spatial scales provides valuable information that is useful for a better understanding of the mechanisms of competitive interactions between two species and aiding the restoration and management of habitat for multiple species.
Occupancy and abundance of predator and prey: implications of the fire‐cheatgrass cycle in sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Holbrook Joseph D. , Arkle Robert S. , Rachlow Janet L. , Vierling Kerri T. , Pilliod David S. , Wiest Michelle M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ecosystems are declining due to biological invasions and changes in fire regimes. Understanding how ecosystem changes influence functionally important animals such as ecosystem engineers is essential to conserve ecological functions. American badgers (Taxidea taxus) are an apex predator and ecosystem engineer in that they redistribute large amounts of soil within sagebrush ecosystems. Piute ground squirrels (Urocitellus mollis) are also an ecosystem engineer as well as an essential prey resource for many predators, including badgers. Our research objective was to evaluate the relative importance of biological invasions and fire, abiotic factors, and biotic factors on badgers and ground squirrels. We sampled 163 1‐ha plots during April‐June across a gradient of burn histories within a 1962 km2 study area in southern Idaho, USA. At each plot, we characterized occupancy of ground squirrels and badgers and relative abundance of ground squirrels. Additionally, we characterized soil texture, climate, connectivity and dispersal potential, fire frequency, grazing, and cover of many plant species including a highly invasive exotic annual grass (cheatgrass; Bromus tectorum). We used an integrated approach to evaluate competing hypotheses concerning factors influencing occupancy and abundance. Results suggested that occupancy of ground squirrels was positively associated with long‐term precipitation, dispersal potential, and fine‐grained soil. Abundance of ground squirrels was positively associated with fine‐grained soil, but negatively associated with cheatgrass, fire frequency, agriculture, and shrub cover. Badger occupancy was positively associated with ground squirrel occupancy and agriculture, which indicated affinity to prey. Our results provide insight into the relative influence of abiotic and biotic factors on predator and prey, and highlight how effects change across different population parameters. Our research suggests that widespread environmental change within sagebrush ecosystems, especially the fire‐cheatgrass cycle (e.g., invasion of cheatgrass and increased fire frequency) and human land disturbances, are directly and indirectly influencing ground squirrels and badgers. However, we also found evidence that efforts to mitigate these stressors, for example, establishing bunchgrasses postfire, may provide targeted conservation strategies that promote these species and thus preserve the burrowing and trophic functions they provide.
Summer water in a restored native grassland flushes annual grass seed bank but fails to increase native perennial cover
Authors: Wolf K. M. , Young T. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNatural and artificial flushing of the weed seed bank, followed by killing of seedlings, is a common practice in agricultural and prerestoration settings, but its application for post‐restoration management has not been tested in the context of restored native plants. Summer watering at already restored sites could reduce exotic annual grass cover by decreasing the seed bank, thereby increasing native perennial success in subsequent growing seasons. Five replicated watering treatments of 11.35 L per watering event were applied for up to a 4 week period, with watering events ranging from once daily for a minimum or four and maximum of 16 d, or twice daily for 4 d, for a total of 45.4–181.7 L water applied in each 1‐m2 plot. Two of the watering treatments triggered significant flushing of annual grasses: watering for a total of 16 d once per day, and 4 d twice per day. Although this conferred a short‐term reduction in annual grass emergence at the start of the subsequent rainy season, it did not reduce total annual cover at peak flowering in the growing season, or provide a longer term advantage to native perennial grasses. It is possible that there are sufficient seeds in the seed bank that this at least partly compensated for the seed bank reduction and did not result in a reduction in final cover, or that lower densities of seedlings are sufficient to achieve “total” cover. Perennial grass cover increased in response to all watering treatments, but this did not result in significantly increased cover the following year. These results suggest that even watering treatments that produce large flushes of exotic annual grasses are insufficient to reduce exotic cover longer term. It should be explored whether more water, applied more frequently, could be effective in reducing the exotic grass seed bank enough to confer a long‐term reduction in exotic cover and a benefit to native perennial grasses.
Florivory shapes both leaf and floral interactions
Authors: Soper Gorden Nicole L. , Adler Lynn S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFlorivory, or the consumption of flowers, is a ubiquitous interaction that can reduce plant reproduction directly by damaging reproductive tissues and indirectly by deterring pollinators. However, we know surprisingly little about how florivory alters plant traits or the larger community of species interactions. Although leaf damage is known to affect floral traits and interactions in many systems, the consequences of floral damage for leaf traits and interactions are unknown. We manipulated floral damage in Impatiens capensis and measured effects on floral attractive traits and secondary chemicals, leaf secondary chemicals, floral interactions, leaf herbivory, and plant reproduction. We also examined relationships between early season floral traits and floral interactions, to explore which traits structure floral interactions. Moderate but not high florivory significantly increased relative selfed reproduction, leading to a shift in mating system away from outcrossing. Florivory increased leaf secondary compounds and decreased leaf herbivory, although mechanisms other than leaf chemistry may be responsible for some of the reduced leaf damage. Florivory altered four of seven measured interactions, including increased subsequent florivory and reduced flower spiders, although only leaf damage effects were significant after correcting for multiple tests. Pretreatment concentrations of floral anthocyanins and condensed tannins were associated with reduced levels of many floral antagonisms, including florivory, nectar larceny, and flower spider abundance, suggesting these traits play a role in floral resistance. Overall, our results indicate a broad range of community and potential evolutionary consequences of florivory through structuring subsequent floral interactions, altering leaf secondary chemicals, and shaping leaf herbivory.
Underappreciated problems of low replication in ecological field studies
Authors: Lemoine Nathan P. , Hoffman Ava , Felton Andrew J. , Baur Lauren , Chaves Francis , Gray Jesse , Yu Qiang , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe cost and difficulty of manipulative field studies makes low statistical power a pervasive issue throughout most ecological subdisciplines. Ecologists are already aware that small sample sizes increase the probability of committing Type II errors. In this article, we address a relatively unknown problem with low power: underpowered studies must overestimate small effect sizes in order to achieve statistical significance. First, we describe how low replication coupled with weak effect sizes leads to Type M errors, or exaggerated effect sizes. We then conduct a meta‐analysis to determine the average statistical power and Type M error rate for manipulative field experiments that address important questions related to global change; global warming, biodiversity loss, and drought. Finally, we provide recommendations for avoiding Type M errors and constraining estimates of effect size from underpowered studies.
Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: data from the Registry Of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC) of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Sliwa Karen , van Hagen Iris M. , Budts Werner , Swan Lorna , Sinagra Gianfranco , Caruana Maryanne , Blanco Manuel Vazquez , Wagenaar Lodewijk J. , Johnson Mark R. , Webb Gary , Hall Roger , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. ,   on behalf of the ROPAC investigators
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsTo describe the outcomes of pregnancy in women with pulmonary hypertension.Methods and resultsIn 2007 the European Registry on Pregnancy and Heart Disease was initiated by the European Society of Cardiology. Consecutive patients with all forms of cardiovascular disease, presenting with pregnancy, were enrolled with the aim of investigating the pregnancy outcomes. This subgroup of the cohort included 151 women with pulmonary hypertension (PH) either diagnosed by right heart catheterization or diagnosed as possible PH by echocardiographic signs, with 26% having pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), in three subgroups: idiopathic (iPAH), associated with congenital heart disease (CHD‐PAH), or associated with other disease (oPAH), and 74% having PH caused by left heart disease (LHD‐PH, n = 112). Maternal mean age was 29.2 ± 5.6 years and 37% were nulliparous. Right ventricular systolic pressure was <50 mmHg in 59.6% of patients, 50–70 mmHg in 28.5% and >70 mmHg in 11.9%. In more than 75% of patients, the diagnosis of PH had been made before pregnancy. Maternal death up to 1 week after delivery occurred in five patients (3.3%), with another two out of 78 patients who presented for follow‐up (2.6%), dying within 6 months after delivery. The highest mortality was found in iPAH (3/7, 43%). During pregnancy, heart failure occurred in 27%. Caesarean section was performed in 63.4% (23.9% as emergency). Therapeutic abortion was performed in 4.0%. Complications included miscarriage (5.6%), fetal mortality (2%), premature delivery (21.7%), low birth weight (19.0%), and neonatal mortality (0.7%).ConclusionMortality in this group of patients with various forms of PH was lower than previously reported as specialized care during pregnancy and delivery was available. However, maternal and fetal mortality remains prohibitively high in women with iPAH, although this conclusion is restricted by limited numbers. Early advice on contraception, pregnancy risk and fetal outcome remains paramount.
Rationale and design of the PREFERS (Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Epidemiological Regional Study) Stockholm heart failure study: an epidemiological regional study in Stockholm county of 2.1 million inhabitants
Authors: Linde Cecilia , Eriksson Maria J. , Hage Camilla , Wallén Håkan , Persson Bengt , Corbascio Matthias , Lundeberg Joakim , Maret Eva , Ugander Martin , Persson Hans ,   for the Stockholm County/Karolinska Institutet 4D heart failure investigators
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction is associated with poor prognosis and quality of life. While the incidence of HFrEF is declining and HF treatment is effective, HFpEF is increasing, with no established therapy. PREFERS Stockholm is an epidemiological study with the aim of improving clinical care and research in HF and to find new targets for drug treatment in HFpEF (https://internwebben.ki.se/sites/default/files/20150605_4d_research_appendix_final.pdf).MethodsPatients with new‐onset HF (n = 2000) will be characterized at baseline and after 1‐year follow‐up by standardized protocols for clinical evaluation, echocardiography, and ECG. In one subset undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery (n = 100) and classified according to LV function, myocardial biopsies will be collected during surgery, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging will be performed at baseline and after 1 year. Blood and tissue samples will be stored in a biobank. We will characterize and compare new‐onset HFpEF and HFrEF patients regarding clinical findings and cardiac imaging, genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics from blood and cardiac biopsies, and by established biomarkers of fibrosis, inflammation, haemodynamics, haemostasis, and thrombosis. The data will be explored by state‐of‐the‐art bioinformatics methods to investigate gene expression patterns, sequence variation, DNA methylation, and post‐translational modifications, and using systems biology approaches including pathway and network analysis.ConclusionsIn this epidemiological HF study with biopsy studies in a subset of patients, we aim to identify new biomarkers of disease progression and to find pathophysiological mechanisms to support explorations of new treatment regimens for HFpEF.
Empowering and legitimizing the fundamental attribution error: Power and legitimization exacerbate the translation of role‐constrained behaviors into ability differences
Authors: Jouffre Stéphane , Croizet Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOur daily interactions are influenced by the social roles we endorse. People however underestimate these role constraints in their everyday explanation relying on individual dispositions to make sense of behaviors. Two studies investigated whether this bias is exacerbated when role structure is legitimated and when power matches the advantages conferred by the social roles of a quiz game. Legitimacy as well as power increased the tendency for both advantaged (questioner) and disadvantaged (answerer) actors (Study 1) as well as naïve observers of the quiz game (Study 2) to attribute to ability the behaviors elicited by social roles. These results extend previous findings. People are more prone to explain constrained behaviors by differences in ability when role structure is legitimated and when power asymmetry matches role structure. Legitimacy and power may then play an important role in the translation of role constraints into inferences about ability.
Electrochemical Properties and Reactions of Organoboronic Acids in the Presence of Fluoride Ions
Authors: Suzuki Junji , Shida Naoki , Inagi Shinsuke , Fuchigami Toshio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElectrochemical analyses of alkyl, phenyl, and thienylboronic acids were comparatively studied by cyclic voltammetric measurements in the absence and presence of fluoride ions, and we found remarkable negative shift of their oxidation potentials in the presence of fluoride ions compared with those in the absence of fluoride ions. Such negative shift seems to be derived from the formation of negative charged boron‐ate complex with fluoride ions. Anodic fluorination of 2‐acetyl‐5‐thienylboronic acid was carried out to provide mono‐ and trifluoro products eliminating a boryl group in moderate yields. These results clearly indicate that a boryl group with fluoride ions is a good electroauxiliary.