bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications in people with autism spectrum disorder in the United States
Authors: Houghton Richard , Ong Rose C. , Bolognani Federico 
Published: September 2017

This study investigated psychotropic medication usage in two large, cohorts of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout the calendar year 2014. The cohorts referred to individuals with commercial (employer‐sponsored) and Medicaid insurance in the United States. We aimed to understand prescribing patterns of such medications across a wide age‐range and in the presence/absence of other clinical and non‐clinical characteristics, including psychiatric comorbidities. We described the prevalence and length of prescriptions by age, psychiatric comorbidity and overall. We also fitted multivariable logistic regression models to describe the relationship between treatments and subject characteristics simultaneously. Eighty percent of the identified population was male, although gender did not impact the odds of receiving medication. Medication use was strongly associated with age, increasing most rapidly before adulthood; generally plateauing thereafter. All psychiatric comorbidities studied also individually increased the chances of medication use, with epilepsy and ADHD having the highest associations in both the commercial (OR > 7) and Medicaid (OR around 12) cohorts. Those in non‐capitated insurance plans, in foster care and white individuals also had increased odds of prescriptions. Overall, slightly more Medicaid enrollees received any psychotropic treatment (commercial: 64%, Medicaid: 69%). Nonetheless in both cohorts, a large proportion of individuals received treatment even without a diagnosis of any other psychiatric comorbidity (commercial: 31%, Medicaid: 33%). In summary, this report sheds new light on the latest patterns of psychiatric comorbidity profile and psycho‐pharmacological treatment patterns in ASD Autism Res 2017, 10: 2037–2047. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay Summarythis study identified a large number of children and adults in the US with autism spectrum disorder (autism) from employer‐sponsored and government funded (Medicaid) health insurance data. Psychotropic medications were used by over two thirds of people, and four in ten people received two medications at the same time. The chances of receiving medication increased for individuals with other psychiatric conditions (e.g., ADHD), and also increased with age.
Prognosis is similar for patients who undergo primary PCI during regular‐hours and off‐hours: A report from SCAAR*
Authors: Redfors Björn , Dworeck Christian , Angerås Oskar , Haraldsson Inger , Petursson Petur , Odenstedt Jacob , Ioanes Dan , Völz Sebastian , Hiller Magnus , Fransson Per , Stewart Jason , Fryklund Henrik , Albertsson Per , Råmunddal Truls , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTimely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves prognosis in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, recent reports indicate that patients with STEMI who present during non‐regular working hours (off‐hours) have a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare outcome between patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI during off‐hours and regular hours.MethodsWe retrieved data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) for all patients who underwent primary PCI in Region Västra Götaland due to STEMI between January 2004 and May 2013. We modeled unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional‐hazards regression and logistic regression models for the outcomes death, cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis and in‐stent restenosis. A propensity score‐adjusted Cox proportional‐hazards model, which adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors was predefined as the primary statistical model. Death at any time during the study period was pre‐specified as primary end‐point.ResultsDuring the study period 4.611 (65%) patients underwent primary PCI due to STEMI during off‐hours and 2,525 (35%) during regular hours. The risk of dying was similar among the groups for the primary endpoint death at any time during the study period (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.89–1.12, P = 0.991) and for secondary end‐point death within 30 days (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.85–1.25, P = 0.735). The risks of developing cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis, or in‐stent restenosis were similar between the groups.ConclusionsIn our region, short‐ and long‐term prognosis for patients with STEMI who undergo primary PCI is similar for patients presenting during off‐hours and regular hours.
Pretreatment with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Yudi Matias B. , Farouque Omar , Andrianopoulos Nick , Ajani Andrew E. , Brennan Angela , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Reid Christopher M. , Chan William , Duffy Stephen J. , Clark David J. ,   on behalf of the Melbourne Interventional Group.
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal time to administer P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains to be defined. We sought to assess whether a pretreatment strategy was associated with improved coronary reperfusion and clinical outcomes.MethodsConsecutive patients from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005–2014) who presented with STEMI and underwent primary PCI were included. Those who received any P2Y12 inhibitor prior to arrival in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory were included in the pretreatment group. The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with initial TIMI flow grade <3 and in‐hospital bleeding. The secondary endpoints were 12‐month mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsOf the 2,807 patients included, 892(31.8%) received pretreatment. Clopidogrel was the most common P2Y12 inhibitor used (79.6%). Pretreatment was associated with less thromboaspiration and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use (both P < 0.01). Pretreatment was not associated with lower rates of TIMI flow <3 on initial angiogram (78.0% vs. 80.7%, P = 0.18) nor with increased in‐hospital bleeding (3.6% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.67). Pretreatment was associated with lower 12‐month mortality (4.7% vs. 7.0%, P = 0.02) but similar MACE rate (13.0% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.43). Multivariate analysis revealed pretreatment was not an independent predictor of 12‐month mortality (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.5–1.3, P = 0.32).ConclusionPretreatment with a P2Y12 inhibitor in patients with STEMI was not routine practice in our Australian cohort and was not associated with improved coronary reperfusion or clinical outcomes. Larger studies are required to definitively ascertain the risk/benefit ratio of dual antiplatelet therapy pretreatment in STEMI.
TIOMAX: A Spanish Multicenter Registry of the real–world use of the TItanium OptiMAX® biostent: TIOMAX: Registro Español Multicéntrico Del Biostent De Titanio OptiMAX® En La Vida Real
Authors: López‐Mínguez José R. , Nogales‐Asensio Juan M. , Romani Sebastián , Rivero‐Crespo Fernando , Aragón‐Extremera Victor M. , Jiménez‐Mazuecos Jesús M. , Carrasco Fernando , Oteo‐Domínguez Juan Francisco , Bosa‐Ojeda Francisco , Gómez‐Hospital Joan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the safety and efficacy of the new cobalt‐chromium bioactive stent Titan Optimax® (Hexacath, France) with its predecessor, Titan‐2®.BackgroundThe TIOMAX registry includes 784 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with these stents in 21 Spanish hospitals.MethodsAnalysis of all patients in the registry without exclusion criteria, candidates for revascularization (March‐2013/July‐2014). Initially 273 patients received Titan‐2®, and the next 511 received the Optimax® after its launch.ResultsMean age was 65.8 ± 13.0 (78.1% men); 49.2% were STEACS patients (n = 322), 29.8% NSTEACS, and 27.3% had stable angina or silent ischemia. Most STEACS patients (76.4% of n = 322) were treated <24 hr after developing symptoms. All‐cause death (D), cardiac death (CD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stent thrombosis (ST) at 1 month were 1.1, 0.8, 0.1, and 0.5%, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. At 1 year, the death rate was 5.5% for Titan‐2 vs. 4.1% for Optimax®, CD was 1.8% for both groups, ST 1.1 vs. 0.6%, new AMI 3.3 vs. 2.5% and target lesion revascularization (TLR) 3.7 vs. 2.9%. The primary endpoint of the composite event (CE) of D/AMI/TLR/ST occurred in 10.3% vs. 7.6% (p = 0.211). Patients with STEACS (N = 322: Titan‐2/Optimax: 103/209) had better outcomes for secondary events, device‐oriented failure CD/AMI/TLR (7.8% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.330), and non‐fatal CE of AMI/ST/TLR (7.8% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.039).ConclusionsThe Titan Optimax retains the efficacy and safety of Titan 2. It appears to perform better in the subgroup of STEACS patients, by reducing the non‐fatal CE of AMI/ST/TLR.
Chronic total occlusion in non‐infarct‐related artery is associated with increased short‐and long‐term mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (from the CREDO‐Kyoto AMI registry)
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Shiomi Hiroki , Kawaji Tetsuma , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Kimura Takeshi ,   on behalf of the CREDO‐Kyoto AMI investigators
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effect of chronic total occlusion (CTO) in non‐infarct‐related artery (IRA) on short‐ and long‐term mortality in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS).BackgroundPrevious studies show contradictory results about the clinical effect of CTO in non‐IRA on short‐term mortality in STEMI patients with CS.MethodsFrom the CREDO‐Kyoto AMI registry enrolling 5429 patients, the current study population consisted of 313 STEMI patients with multivessel disease complicated by CS who underwent primary PCI for the nonleft main coronary artery culprit lesion within 24 hr after onset. They were divided according to the presence of CTO (CTO group: N = 100 and non‐CTO group: N = 213).ResultsHemodynamic compromise was more profound in the CTO group as suggested by the more frequent use of intra‐aortic balloon pumping and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Infarct size estimated by the peak creatine phosphokinase level was larger in the CTO group than in the non‐CTO group. The cumulative 30‐day and 5‐year incidences of all‐cause death were significantly higher in the CTO group than in the non‐CTO group (34.0% vs 18.0%, P = 0.001, and 64.5% vs 46.0%, P = 0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, the excess risk of the CTO group relative to the non‐CTO group for all‐cause death remained significant both at 30 days and at 5 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–3.29, P = 0.003, and HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.34–2.69, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsIn STEMI patients complicated by CS, CTO in non‐IRA was associated with increased 30‐day and 5‐year mortality.
Does mild paravalvular regurgitation post transcatheter aortic valve implantation affect survival? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ando Tomo , Briasoulis Alexandros , Telila Tesfaye , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L. , Takagi Hisato 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the impact of post transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) mild paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) on mortality. More than moderate PVR after TAVI has decreased with the advent of new‐generation prosthetic valves. However, mild PVR remains common and its clinical impact has been inconsistent. We aimed to assess the impact of mild PVR through meta‐analysis.Methods and ResultsA systematic literature search was conducted through PUBMED and EMBSE. Manuscripts that reported hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for clinical outcome of interest (all‐cause and cardiac mortality) has been included. Random‐effects model was used for calculation of HR. A total of 25 articles including total of 21,018 patients were finally included for quantitative synthesis (meta‐analysis). Our pooled analysis demonstrated higher all‐cause mortality in patients with mild PVR compared to none/trivial PVR (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.11–1.43, I2=45%, p < 0.001) (follow up duration range 6 months to 5 years). Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed (p for heterogeneity = 0.005). Egger's test showed no evidence of publication bias. Cardiovascular mortality was increased in patients with mild PVR compared with none/trivial PVR (HR 1.28, 95%CI 1.05–1.57, I2=8%, p = 0.02) (follow up duration range 1–3 years).ConclusionsMild PVR was associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality after TAVI. Whether further interventions in mild PVR is of benefit, has yet to be determined.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for stenotic bicuspid aortic valves: Systematic review and meta analyses of observational studies
Authors: Reddy Gautam , Wang Zhen , Nishimura Rick A. , Greason Kevin L. , Yoon Sung‐Han , Makkar Raj R. , Holmes David R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analyses of observational studies of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis (BcAV).BackgroundTAVR for BcAV stenosis has been associated with an increased incidence of paravalvular leaks, valve malposition, pacemaker placement and all‐cause mortality. The conclusions drawn have been limited by small sample sizes. The use of TAVR for BcAV stenosis remains controversial.MethodsWe searched multiple databases from the inception of the databases through September 30, 2016 for studies of TAVR for BcAV stenosis. We included all observational studies with more than one patient and at least 1 month of outcomes.ResultsWe analyzed 13 observational studies with 758 patients. Meta analyses showed device success rate of 95% [95% confidence interval (CI) 90.2% to 98.5%] and an early safety event in 16.9% [95% CI 12.2% to 22%]. At 30 days, moderate to severe paravalvular leak was seen in 12.2% [95% CI 3.1% to 24.8%] and new pacemaker implantation in 17.9% [95% CI 14.2% to 22%]. All‐cause mortality was 3.7% [95% CI 2.1% to 5.6%], which should be viewed in the context of an STS PROM of 5.0%.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that TAVR for BcAV is not associated with excess mortality. The incidence of paravalvular leaks and pacemaker implant is increased compared to tricuspid aortic valve cohorts undergoing TAVR, and operators should weigh these potential complications against the clinical benefit provided by TAVR for BcAV patients at high risk for surgical valve replacement.
Trends in proportions of hospitals and operators not meeting minimum percutaneous coronary intervention volume standards in Taiwan, 2001–2013
Authors: Liang Fu‐Weng , Lee Jo‐Chi , Lu Tsung‐Hsueh , Yin Wei‐Hsian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends in proportions of hospitals and operators not meeting the minimum percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume standards in Taiwan during 2001–2013.BackgroundThe 2013 Clinical Competence Statement recommends that operators perform a minimum of ≥50 PCIs annually (averaged over a 2‐year period) in hospitals conducting ≥200 PCIs annually.MethodsTaiwan National Health Insurance claims data from 2001 to 2013 are used to determine the annual numbers of PCIs performed by each hospital and operator.ResultsThe percentage of hospitals conducting annual PCI volumes of <200 decreased from 57% (26/46) in 2001 to 39% (29/74) in 2007 and 33% (33/91) in 2013; the percentage of operators conducting PCI volumes <50 annually remained relatively constant at 60% (146/243) in 2001, 60% (270/452) in 2007, and 58% (354/611) in 2013; and the percentage of operators conducting low volumes (<50) in low‐volume hospitals (<200) decreased from 24% (57/243) in 2001 to 15% (66/452) in 2007 and 12% (76/611) in 2013.ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of hospitals and three‐fifths of operators in Taiwan failed to meet minimum PCI volume standards. Further research examining patient outcomes from PCIs performed by low‐volume hospitals and operators is recommended.
Promyelocytic sarcoma of the right humerus: an unusual clinical presentation with unique diagnostic and treatment considerations
Authors: Sawhney Sameer , Holtzman Noa G. , Davis Derik L. , Kaizer Hannah , Giffi Victoria , Emadi Ashkan , Koka Rima 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessagePromyelocytic leukemia is a known medical emergency and requires rapid diagnosis and expedient therapy with differentiating agents. We present an unusual case in which the diagnosis is based on a fine needle aspirate of a humeral mass. Despite lack of systemic involvement, the sarcoma responded to traditional differentiation agents.
Effect of Air‐Aging on the Electrochemical Characteristics of TiOxCy Films for Electrocatalysis Applications
Authors: Rüdiger Celine , Valero‐Vidal Carlos , Favaro Marco , Agnoli Stefano , Granozzi Gaetano , Kunze‐Liebhäuser Julia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report on the electrochemical characteristics of pristine and air‐aged carbon‐modified titania electrodes in acidic electrolyte, which find applications as catalyst supports in electrocatalysis. Films with different chemical compositions (including TiO2, TiOx, TiO, TiC, C) are synthesized through a carbothermal treatment of compact anodic TiO2 on Ti substrates at different temperatures, and are analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Their activity towards heterogeneous outer‐sphere electron transfer and their stability against passivation and corrosion under anodic polarization are investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that a high fraction of TiC in the pristine carburized films in combination with a thin TiO2 surface layer yields high electron‐transfer kinetics even after aging for 9 months, and a high corrosion and passivation resistance until approximately 0.74VSHE. This finding is essential to the material‘s application as a catalyst support in general.
Natural Products from Social Amoebae
Authors: Barnett Robert , Stallforth Pierre 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNatural products are invaluable sources of structural diversity and complexity ideally suited for the development of therapeutic agents. The search for novel bioactive molecules has prompted scientists to explore various ecological niches. Microorganisms have been shown to constitute such an important source. Despite their biosynthetic potential, social amoebae, that is, microorganisms with both a uni‐ and multicellular lifestyle, are underexplored regarding their secreted secondary metabolome. In this review, we present the structural diversity of amoebal natural products and discuss their biological functions as well as their total syntheses.
Advances in asymmetric oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols catalyzed by chiral Mn(III) salen complexes
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Shagufta  , AlMallah Abdul Rahman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEnantiomerically pure secondary alcohols are essential compounds in organic synthesis and are used as chiral auxiliaries and synthetic intermediates in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. One of the attractive and practical approaches to achieving optically pure secondary alcohols is oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols using chiral Mn(III) salen complexes. In the last decade, several chiral Mn(III) salen complexes have been reported with excellent enantioselectivity and activity in the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis of the oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols. This review article is an overview of the literature on the recent development of chiral Mn(III) salen complexes for oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols. The catalytic activity of monomeric, dimeric, macrocyclic, polymeric, and silica/resin supported chiral Mn(III) salen complexes is discussed in detail.
Micro‐scale RNA Interference using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle‐modified Lentivirus
Authors: Liao Zi‐Xian , Kempson Ivan M. , Chen Man‐Jing , Fa Yu‐Chen , Huang Kuo‐Yen , Wang Li‐Fang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of virotherapy. However, significant improvements are anticipated if effective localized infection can be achieved. Herein, we demonstrate magnetic lentivirus is guided by magnetic fields. Introduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the lentivirus genome enabled micro‐scale RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted therapies have successfully treated individuals with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, clinical therapeutic outcomes have been compromised by acquired resistance to first‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We assess magnetic lentivirus with NSCLC cells using an in vitro model and achieve micro‐scale RNAi through EGFR silencing. This proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates guided and highly localized micro‐scale, RNAi virotherapy.
Global/local processing style: Explaining the relationship between trait anxiety and binge eating
Authors: Becker Kendra R. , Plessow Franziska , Coniglio Kathryn A. , Tabri Nassim , Franko Debra L. , Zayas Lazaro V. , Germine Laura , Thomas Jennifer J. , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety is a risk factor for disordered eating, but the mechanisms by which anxiety promotes disordered eating are poorly understood. One possibility is local versus global cognitive processing style, defined as a relative tendency to attend to details at the expense of the “big picture.” Anxiety may narrow attention, in turn, enhancing local and/or compromising global processing. We examined relationships between global/local processing style, anxiety, and disordered eating behaviors in a transdiagnostic outpatient clinical sample. We hypothesized that local (vs. global) processing bias would mediate the relationship between anxiety and disordered eating behaviors.MethodNinety‐three participants completed the eating disorder examination—questionnaire (EDE‐Q), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)—trait subscale, and the Navon task (a test of processing style in which large letters are composed of smaller letters both congruent and incongruent with the large letter). The sample was predominantly female (95%) with a mean age of 27.4 years (SD = 12.1 years).ResultsBinge eating, but not fasting, purging, or excessive exercise, was correlated with lower levels of global processing style. There was a significant indirect effect between anxiety and binge eating via reduced global level global/local processing.DiscussionIn individuals with disordered eating, being more generally anxious may encourage a detailed‐oriented bias, preventing individuals from maintaining the bigger picture and making them more likely to engage in maladaptive behaviors (e.g., binge eating).