bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultra‐high‐pressure homogenization at moderate inlet temperatures on volatile profile of milk
Authors: Amador‐Espejo G. G. , Gallardo‐Chacón J. J. , Juan B. , Trujillo A. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the volatile profile of whole milk treated by ultra‐high‐pressure homogenization (UHPH) at 300 MPa with inlet temperature (Ti) = 65, 75, and 85 °C, comparing the results to Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk. From the results, in UHT milk, ketones and dimethyl thrisulfide concentration was higher than in any other sample. On the contrary, the concentration of aldehydes in UHPH‐treated milk samples was higher than the concentration detected in heat‐treated samples. Principal components analysis explained the variations in the observed responses, presenting well‐defined and separated groups. UHPH represents a suitable alternative to reduce cooked‐related compounds presented in heat‐treated milk.Practical applicationsThis study provides more information regarding ultra‐high‐pressure homogenization (UHPH) as an emerging technology with industrial applications. In this case, the UHPH application was able to reduce the amount of volatile compounds such as ketones related to cooked flavor in heat treatments at high intensity, such as UHT processing. For this, several UHPH‐proved safety conditions were compared to the volatile profile obtained in UHT milk.
Modeling the effects of pressure, temperature, saccharide, pH, and protein content on the HHP inactivation of Escherichia coli
Authors: Yuan Long , Lu Li‐xin , Lu Wan‐qiu , Tang Ya‐li , Ge Changfeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe influences of different food components on the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation of Escherichia coli were tentatively investigated. New inactivation regression models for simulating the inactivation results of certain suspension were obtained by using the Box‐Behnken method. The results verified that acid could obviously promote the inactivation effect of HHP, while protein reduced the bactericidal action significantly at low pressure or temperature (p < 500 MPa, T < 60 °C). However, protein played a lesser role in high pressure or temperature (p ≥ 500 MPa, T ≥ 60 °C) because of denaturation. Saccharide had a low interference toward the inactivation of E. coli. The models established had a high accuracy (p < .0001) and could reveal the effect of key parameters (pressure, temperature, acid, and protein content) on the HHP inactivation results of E. coli.Practical applicationsHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation technology can provide microbiologically safe and high‐quality food and has already become one of the most major topics of discussion over the last several decades. However, any research on effect of the food components on HHP inactivation is still limited. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the mechanism of how food ingredients affect HHP inactivation results and an effective kinetic model will be convenient and of great significance to help optimize the process of this technology.
Arctic ground squirrel hippocampus tolerates oxygen glucose deprivation independent of hibernation season even when not hibernating and after ATP depletion, acidosis, and glutamate efflux
Authors: Bhowmick Saurav , Moore Jeanette T. , Kirschner Daniel L. , Drew Kelly L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) triggers a cascade of uncontrolled cellular processes that perturb cell homeostasis. The arctic ground squirrel (AGS), a seasonal hibernator resists brain damage following cerebral I/R caused by cardiac arrest and resuscitation. However, it remains unclear if tolerance to I/R injury in AGS depends on the hibernation season. Moreover, it is also not clear if events such as depletion of ATP, acidosis, and glutamate efflux that are associated with anoxic depolarization are attenuated in AGS. Here, we employ a novel microperfusion technique to test the hypothesis that tolerance to I/R injury modeled in an acute hippocampal slice preparation in AGS is independent of the hibernation season and persists even after glutamate efflux. Acute hippocampal slices were harvested from summer euthermic AGS, hibernating AGS, and interbout euthermic AGS. Slices were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of I/R injury to determine cell death marked by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. ATP was assayed using ENLITEN ATP assay. Glutamate and aspartate efflux was measured using capillary electrophoresis. For acidosis, slices were subjected to pH 6.4 or ischemic shift solution (ISS). Acute hippocampal slices from rats were used as a positive control, susceptible to I/R injury. Our results indicate that when tissue temperature is maintained at 36°C, hibernation season has no influence on OGD‐induced cell death in AGS hippocampal slices. Our data also show that tolerance to OGD in AGS hippocampal slices occurs despite loss of ATP and glutamate release, and persists during conditions that mimic acidosis and ionic shifts, characteristic of cerebral I/R.Read the Editorial Comment for this article on page 10.
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Response of trabecular bone, thyroid C and follicular cells to synthetic salmon calcitonin in middle‐aged orchidectomized male rats
Authors: Filipović Branko , Šošić‐Jurjević Branka , Ajdžanović Vladimir , Živanović Jasmina , Ristić Nataša , Trifunović Svetlana , Milošević Verica 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn contrast to studies in women, male osteoporosis is poorly understood and strictly related to advancing age. Among the first antiresorptive substances used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is calcitonin (CT), a hypocalcemic hormone that potently inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption. Natural CT is produced and secreted by thyroid C‐cells. The other endocrine population of thyroid cells produces thyroid hormones (TH), which also affect bone turnover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salmon CT on trabecular bone microarchitecture with special reference to effects on the structure and function of both CT‐ and TH‐producing thyroid cells in orchidectomized (Orx) middle‐aged rats. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats aged 15 months were randomly divided into Orx and sham‐operated (SO) groups. One group of Orx animals received (s.c.) synthetic salmon CT (Orx + CT; 100 IU kg−1 b.w.) subcutaneously every second day for 6 weeks. The second Orx group and SO rats were given the same volume of vehicle alone by the same schedule. Trabecular bone histomorphometrical parameters were: cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were obtained with an ImageJ public‐domain image‐processing program. The peroxidase–antiperoxidase method was applied for localization of CT in C‐cells. Anti‐human CT antisera served as the primary antibodies. For immunohistochemical characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in thyroid tissue, rabbit antisera against human VEGF, served as primary antibodies. CT‐immunopositive thyroid C‐cells, thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium and colloid were evaluated morphometrically. Blood serum samples were analyzed for CT, osteocalcin (OC), and thyroxine (T4), and calcium (Ca2+) concentration was determined in urine samples. Salmon CT application significantly increased B.Ar, TbTh and TbN, but markedly decreased Tb.Sp. Administration of exogenous CT significantly decreased mean volume (Vc) and relative volume density (Vv) of thyroid C‐cells in relation to both SO and Orx groups. The Vv of the colloid was higher, whereas the VV of the follicular epithelium was lower after CT treatment compared with Orx alone. CT treatment markedly elevated serum CT, whereas serum OC, T4 and urinary Ca2+ concentrations were lower than in the Orx group. These results indicate that salmon CT stimulates trabecular bone microarchitecture, strongly inhibits thyroid C‐cells and changes the structure of the thyroid gland, indicating hypoactivity.
The Head and Neck Cancer Patient Concern Inventory©: Patient Concerns’ Prevalence, Dental Concerns’ Impact, and Relationships of Concerns with Quality of Life Measures
Authors: Aguilar Maria L. , Sandow Pamela , Werning John W. , Brenneman Lia , Psoter Walter J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe Patient Concern Inventory© (PCI) is a clinical tool of self‐reported patient concerns to be used by the clinician to structure the patient‐oncologist visit. It was developed in the United Kingdom to address the issues of quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of PCI© items, the associations between PCI© items and QOL, and to explore the importance of oral/dental issues in the patient's well‐being.MethodsThe PCI© and the University of Washington (UW‐QOLv4) instruments were self‐administered by an HNC population in a cross‐sectional study. Following an a priori sample size estimate, consecutive HNC patients attending at the University of Florida's Oral Medicine and the ENT Clinics had the study described, eligibility assessed, and if eligible, were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed the PCI© and UW‐QOL. PCI© issues prevalence was determined, and for those with a ≥10% prevalence: 1) Fisher's exact test was used to test for statistical differences between treatments, and 2) multivariable regression was used to test each of the prevalent PCI© issues across four QOL measures, health in the last 7 days, overall QOL in the last 7 days, and the physical and social domain scores.ResultsTwenty of 45 PCI© issues had a prevalence ≥10%. Of the 15 prevalent items statistically associated with a QOL measure, four issues are the clinical responsibility of the dental profession: 1) chewing/eating, 2) dental health/teeth, 3) mouth opening, and 4) salivation. An additional four (eight total, 50%) are of clinical concern for dental clinicians: 5) pain in head/neck, 6) swallowing, 7) speech/voice/being understood, and 8) taste.ConclusionsDental concerns represent almost half of all PCI© concerns observed in 10% or more of the sample patients. Prosthodontists should support our maxillofacial prosthodontics specialists in joining other oral oncologists and advocate for comprehensive, integrated dental support for HNC patients by assuring dental involvement/inclusion with the multidisciplinary oncology team and a research agenda to established best patient‐centered outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metamizol in co-administration with morphine under acute and chronic treatments in arthritic rats
Authors: Carrillo-Calzadilla Patricia Esmeralda , López-Muñoz Francisco Javier , Moreno-Rocha Luis Alfonso , Medina-López José Raúl , Cortés-Arroyo Alma Rosa , Domínguez-Ramírez Adriana Miriam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationship between metamizol pharmacokinetics and the antinociceptive effect produced after subcutaneous administration of metamizol (177.8 mg/kg) alone or in combination with morphine (3.2 mg/kg), under acute and chronic treatments.

Methods
Antinociception was assessed using the pain-induced functional impairment model in rat (PIFIR). Serial blood samples were collected from the same animals to study the pharmacokinetics of metamizol.

Key findings
The co-administration of the drugs in single dose, confirmed the potentiation of their individual antinociceptive effects. When the drugs were administered alone following the chronic schedule, a pronounced tolerance development to their antinociceptive effects was found, whereas it was significantly attenuated when they were administered together. Metamizol pharmacokinetics was unaltered by the presence of morphine. Plasma concentrations of 4-methylaminoantipyrine, an active metabolite markedly decreased under chronic administration.

Conclusions
The mechanism involved in the potentiation of the antinociceptive effect produced by the combination, cannot be explained by the interaction of morphine on metamizol pharmacokinetics. Other pharmacokinetic interactions along with known pharmacodynamic interactions in which metamizol active metabolites contribute, should be considered. The frequency of administration enhances tolerance development and induces metamizol elimination process.
Evaluation of a co‐delivered training package for community mental health professionals on service user‐ and carer‐involved care planning
Authors: Grundy A. C. , Walker L. , Meade O. , Fraser C. , Cree L. , Bee P. , Lovell K. , Callaghan P. 
Published: February 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

There is consistent evidence that service users and carers feel marginalized in the process of mental health care planning.

Mental health professionals have identified ongoing training needs in relation to involving service users and carers in care planning.

There is limited research on the acceptability of training packages for mental health professionals which involve service users and carers as co‐facilitators.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

A co‐produced and co‐delivered training package on service user‐ and carer‐involved care planning was acceptable to mental health professionals.

Aspects of the training that were particularly valued were the co‐production model, small group discussion and the opportunity for reflective practice.

The organizational context of care planning may need more consideration in future training models.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses using co‐production models of delivering training to other mental health professionals can be confident that such initiatives will be warmly welcomed, acceptable and engaging.

On the basis of the results reported here, we encourage mental health nurses to use co‐production approaches more often.

Further research will show how clinically effective this training is in improving outcomes for service users and carers.

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence for the acceptability of training for mental health professionals on service user‐ and carer‐involved care planning.AimTo investigate the acceptability of a co‐delivered, two‐day training intervention on service user‐ and carer‐involved care planning.MethodsCommunity mental health professionals were invited to complete the Training Acceptability Rating Scale post‐training. Responses to the quantitative items were summarized using descriptive statistics (Miles, ), and qualitative responses were coded using content analysis (Weber, ).ResultsOf 350 trainees, 310 completed the questionnaire. The trainees rated the training favourably (median overall TARS scores = 56/63; median ‘acceptability’ score = 34/36; median ‘perceived impact’ score = 22/27). There were six qualitative themes: the value of the co‐production model; time to reflect on practice; delivery preferences; comprehensiveness of content; need to consider organizational context; and emotional response.DiscussionThe training was found to be acceptable and comprehensive with participants valuing the co‐production model. Individual differences were apparent in terms of delivery preferences and emotional reactions. There may be a need to further address the organizational context of care planning in future training.Implications for practiceMental health nurses should use co‐production models of continuing professional development training that involve service users and carers as co‐facilitators.
Sleep duration is associated with body fat and muscle mass and waist‐to‐height ratio beyond conventional obesity parameters in Korean adolescent boys
Authors: Nam Ga Eun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Do Hoon , Lee Jee Hyun , Seo Won Hee 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWhile evidence has supported a strong association between sleep duration and obesity globally, results from studies of children and adolescents have been conflicting, and information about a sex‐specific association has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the association of sleep duration with various parameters of obesity among South Korean adolescents. This population‐based, cross‐sectional study analysed the data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2009 and 2010. Data of 990 adolescents were analysed. Sleep duration was based on a self‐reported questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle index (SMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass as a percentage of body weight) were assessed as parameters of obesity. Mean sleep duration in boys was associated inversely with BMI, WC, WHtR and BFP and positively with SMI. Proportions of the highest quartile of BMI, WC, WHtR and BFP and the lowest quartile of SMI increased significantly with increased sleep duration only in boys. Also, in boys, decreased sleep duration was associated significantly with the increased risk of the highest quartile of BMI, WC, WHtR and BFP and the lowest quartile of SMI, even after adjusting for confounding factors. However, in girls, there was no significant association between sleep duration and obesity parameters except WC. Periodic assessment of sleep duration in relation to body fat or muscle mass in male adolescents may be considered, especially in those who are at risk for obesity or related disorders.
Association between sleep duration, fat mass, lean mass and obesity in Korean adults: the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Shin Doosup , Jung Go‐Un , Lee Donghoon , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study investigated the association between sleep duration, fat mass, lean mass and obesity. Participants of this cross‐sectional study were 16 905 adults included into the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Sleep duration was assessed by self‐reported survey and categorized into ≤ 5, 6, 7, 8 and ≥ 9 h per day. The group reporting 7 h of sleep per day (comprised of those sleeping 7–8 h per day) was used as the reference group. Body composition was measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Obesity was defined based on the criteria from the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Least‐squares means of fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) adjusted for age, employment status, comorbidities and physical activity were used to assess the relation between sleep duration and body composition. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of obesity according to sleep duration after adjusting for sociodemographic and health‐related factors. After adjustment, FMI increased with fewer hours of sleep (P for trend: < 0.001) and LMI decreased with more hours of sleep (P for trend: 0.011). Compared to the reference group, sleep‐deprived individuals were 1.22 times more likely to have general obesity (aOR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03–1.45) and 1.32 times more likely to have abdominal obesity (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10–1.58). Our findings suggest that sleep deprivation might be related to an increase of fat mass and obesity, while oversleeping could be linked to a reduction of lean mass.
Sleep duration and falls: a systemic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wu Lei , Sun Dali 
Published: February 2017

SummarySeveral epidemiological studies have linked sleep duration with falls; however, the findings yielded inconsistent results. No quantitative analysis has specifically assessed the influence of sleep duration on falls. PubMed and Embase were screened for observational studies from inception to 13 September 2016. A generic inverse‐variance method was used to pool the outcome data for sleep duration categories of the lowest category versus reference, and the highest category versus reference with a random‐effects model. Dose–response analysis was performed to evaluate the potential relationship of sleep duration with falls. Finally, seven eligible observational studies involving a total of 212 829 participants were included in the present meta‐analysis. Compared with the reference category, both short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with falls, and the pooled odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.32 (1.21, 1.46) and 1.35 (1.17, 1.56), respectively, both with evidence of significant heterogeneity. An approximately ‘U‐shaped’ curve was observed, and the lowest risk of falls was shown at 7–8 h day−1 of sleep duration. Further subgroup analysis found that the association of long sleep duration and falls was more pronounced among Caucasians. The present study is limited to its small number of included studies, considerable heterogeneity, observational study design and the large contribution of a single article. Further researches are still needed to confirm the causal association between sleep duration and falls in populations with different gender, age and ethnicity.
Differential expression of innate immune response genes in clinical phases of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Romani S. , Hosseini S. M. , Mohebbi S. R. , Boonstra A. , Sharifian A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe investigated innate immune gene expression in clinical phases of chronic hepatitis B infection, including immune tolerant (IT), immune active (IA), inactive carrier (IC) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative phases, as well as healthy controls. Expression levels of interferon types I, II and III, their receptor subunits, IRFs, TLRs and other IFN‐induced genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared. Forty HBsAg‐positive treatment‐naïve subjects without co‐infection with HIV, HCV or HDV were enrolled. To complement the viral load, the expression levels of 37 innate immune genes were measured by qPCR. The highest response of the innate immune system was observed in the IT and HBeAg‐negative phases, and the IC phase had the lowest response; 31 of the 37 studied genes reached their maximum mRNA expression levels in the IT and HBeAg‐negative phases, and the minimum expression levels of 23 genes were found in the IC phase. The highest mRNA expression levels of IFNs, IFN receptor subunits, IRFs and TLRs genes in all clinical phases were IFN‐λ2 and 3, IFN‐γR2, IRF7 and TLR7, and the lowest levels of mRNA expression were observed for IFN‐α, IFN‐λR1, IRF8 and TLR2. We conclude that innate immune response genes are expressed differentially among chronic HBV phases, and this difference may help to develop new precise and noninvasive methods to determine the progression of disease in chronic HBV patients.