bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of interoception: Effects of interoceptive focus and relationship to dimensional measures of body awareness
Authors: Stern Emily R. , Grimaldi Stephanie J. , Muratore Alexandra , Murrough James , Leibu Evan , Fleysher Lazar , Goodman Wayne K. , Burdick Katherine E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInteroception has been defined as the sensing of the physiological condition of the body, with interoceptive sensibility (IS) characterizing an individual's self‐reported awareness of internal sensation. IS is a multidimensional construct including not only the tendency to be aware of sensation but also how sensations are interpreted, regulated, and used to inform behavior, with different dimensions relating to different aspects of health and disease. Here we investigated neural mechanisms of interoception when healthy individuals attended to their heartbeat and skin temperature, and examined the relationship between neural activity during interoception and individual differences in self‐reported IS using the Multidimensional Scale of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Consistent with prior work, interoception activated a network involving insula and sensorimotor regions but also including occipital, temporal, and prefrontal cortex. Differences based on interoceptive focus (heartbeat vs skin temperature) were found in insula, sensorimotor regions, occipital cortex, and limbic areas. Factor analysis of MAIA dimensions revealed 3 dissociable components of IS in our dataset, only one of which was related to neural activity during interoception. Reduced scores on the third factor, which reflected reduced ability to control attention to body sensation and increased tendency to distract from and worry about aversive sensations, was associated with greater activation in many of the same regions as those involved in interoception, including insula, sensorimotor, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex. These data suggest that self‐rated interoceptive sensibility is related to altered activation in regions involved in monitoring body state, which has implications for disorders associated with abnormality of interoception. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6068–6082, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are children rational decision makers when they are asked to value their own health? A contingent valuation study conducted with children and their parents
Authors: Guerriero Carla , Cairns John , Bianchi Fabrizio , Cori Liliana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the importance of including children's preferences in the valuation of their own health benefits, no study has investigated the ability of children to understand willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) questions. Using a contingent valuation method, we elicit children's and parents' WTP to reduce children's risk of an asthma attack. Our results suggest that children are able to understand and value their own health risk reductions, and their ability to do so improves with age. Child age was found to be inversely related to parents' and children's WTP. The results also suggest that non‐paternalistic altruism is predictive of children's WTP. For parents, care for their own health was found to be inversely related with their WTP for children's risk reductions. Comparison of parents' and children's WTP suggests that parents are willing to sacrifice for their child's health risk reduction an amount that is approximately twice that of their children. The analysis of matched pairs of parents and children suggest that there are within‐household similarities as the child's WTP is positively related to parents' WTP.
Evaluation of polyacrylonitrile electrospun nano‐fibrous mats as leukocyte removal filter media
Authors: Pourbaghi Raha , Zarrebini Mohammad , Semnani Dariush , Pourazar Abbasali , Akbari Nahid , Shamsfar Reihaneh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRemoval of leukocytes from blood products is the most effective means for elimination of undesirable side effects and prevention of possible reactions in recipients. Micro‐fibrous mats are currently used for removal of leukocytes from blood. In this study, samples of electrospun nano‐fibrous mats were produced. The performance of the produced electrospun nano‐fibrous mats as means of leukocytes removal from fresh whole blood was both evaluated and compared with that of commercially available micro‐fibrous mats. In order to produce the samples, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nano‐fibrous mats were made under different electrospinning conditions. Mean fiber diameter, pore characterization and surface roughness of the PAN nano‐fibrous mats were determined using image processing technique. In order to evaluate the surface tension of the fabricated mats, water contact angle was measured. The leukocyte removal performance, erythrocytes recovery percent and hemolysis rate of the nano‐fibrous mats were compared. The effectiveness of nano‐fibrous mats in removing leukocyte was established using both scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Results showed that for given weight, the fabricated nano‐fibrous mats were not only more efficient but also more cost‐effective than their commercial counterparts. Results confirmed that changes in mean fiber diameter, the number of layer and weight of each layer in the absence of any chemical reaction or physical surface modification, the fabricated nano‐fibrous mats were able to remove 5‐log of leukocytes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1759–1769, 2018.
Poly(glycerol sebacate) combined with chondroitinase ABC promotes spinal cord repair in rats
Authors: Pan Qi , Guo Yan , Kong Fanyong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study was to investigate the feasibility of PGS combined with ChABC for repairing the transection of spinal cords (TSC) in rats. A thoracic 10 (T10) TSC model of rats was employed. The effects of PGS with ChABC on the morphology and histological structure of the spinal cords, Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and the expression of GAP‐43 and NF‐200 were comparatively studied. The BBB scores indicated that all rats with TSC were paralyzed immediately after surgery and then recovered hind limb movement gradually, but did not fully recover until the end of week 12. The rats treated with PGS alone, ChABC alone, and PGS/ChABC recovered significantly (p < 0.05) better than the control rats with TSC only. The PGS/ChABC treated rats recovered significantly (p < 0.05) more movement function than the rats treated with PGS or ChABC treated alone. The spinal cords in the control rats showed lusterless surfaces, big holes, and big scars; in both PGS rats and ChABC rats showed lucent surfaces, small holes, and small scars; in PGS/ChABC rats showed the best. The expression of GAP‐43 and NF‐200 in the TSC region was hardly detected in the control rats, moderately detected in PGS or ChABC rats, and highly detected in PGS/ChABC rats. In conclusion, both PGS and ChABC alone could promote nerve regeneration and partially recover the movement function in TSC rats. A combination of PGS and ChABC resulted in augmented nerve regeneration and functional recovery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1770–1777, 2018.
Prevascularization of 3D printed bone scaffolds by bioactive hydrogels and cell co‐culture
Authors: Kuss Mitchell A. , Wu Shaohua , Wang Ying , Untrauer Jason B. , Li Wenlong , Lim Jung Yul , Duan Bin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVascularization is a fundamental prerequisite for large bone construct development and remains one of the main challenges of bone tissue engineering. Our current study presents the combination of 3D printing technique with a hydrogel‐based prevascularization strategy to generate prevascularized bone constructs. Human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were encapsulated within our bioactive hydrogels, and the effects of culture conditions on in vitro vascularization were determined. We further generated composite constructs by forming 3D printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds coated with cell‐laden hydrogels and determined how the co‐culture affected vascularization and osteogenesis. It was demonstrated that 3D co‐cultured ADMSC‐HUVEC generated capillary‐like networks within the porous 3D printed scaffold. The co‐culture systems promoted in vitro vascularization, but had no significant effects on osteogenesis. The prevascularized constructs were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice to evaluate the in vivo vascularization capacity and the functionality of engineered vessels. The hydrogel systems facilitated microvessel and lumen formation and promoted anastomosis of vascular networks of human origin with host murine vasculature. These findings demonstrate the potential of prevascularized 3D printed scaffolds with anatomical shape for the healing of larger bone defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1788–1798, 2018.
Longitudinal Effects of Single Hindlimb Radiation Therapy on Bone Strength and Morphology at Local and Contralateral Sites
Authors: Oest Megan E , Policastro Connor G , Mann Kenneth A , Zimmerman Nicholas D , Damron Timothy A 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Radiation therapy (RTx) is associated with increased risk for late-onset fragility fractures in bone tissue underlying the radiation field. Bone tissue outside the RTx field is often selected as a “normal” comparator tissue in clinical assessment of fragility fracture risk, but the robustness of this comparison is limited by an incomplete understanding of the systemic effects of local radiotherapy. In this study, a mouse model of limited field irradiation was used to quantify longitudinal changes in local (irradiated) and systemic (non-irradiated) femurs with respect to bone density, morphology, and strength. BALB/cJ mice aged 12 weeks underwent unilateral hindlimb irradiation (4 × 5 Gy) or a sham procedure. Femurs were collected at endpoints of 4 days before treatment and at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks post-treatment. Irradiated (RTx), Contralateral (non-RTx), and Sham (non-RTx) femurs were imaged by micro-computed tomography and mechanically tested in three-point bending. In both the RTx and Contralateral non-RTx groups, the longer-term (12- to 26-week) outcomes included trabecular resorption, loss of diaphyseal cortical bone, and decreased bending strength. Contralateral femurs generally followed an intermediate response compared with RTx femurs. Change also varied by anatomic compartment; post-RTx loss of trabecular bone was more profound in the metaphyseal than the epiphyseal compartment, and cortical bone thickness decreased at the mid-diaphysis but increased at the metaphysis. These data demonstrate that changes in bone quantity, density, and architecture occur both locally and systemically after limited field irradiation and vary by anatomic compartment. Furthermore, the severity and persistence of systemic bone damage after limited field irradiation suggest selection of control tissues for assessment of fracture risk or changes in bone density after radiotherapy may be challenging. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Spectroscopic investigations on the conformational changes of lysozyme effected by different sizes of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine‐capped CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wan Jingqiang , He Zhuo , Liu Rutao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe effect of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine‐capped CdTe quantum dots (NAC‐CdTe QDs) with different sizes on lysozyme was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), enzyme activity assays, and multi‐spectroscopic methods. ITC results proved that NAC‐CdTe QDs can spontaneously bind with lysozyme and hydrophobic force plays a major role in stabilizing QDs–lysozyme complex. Multi‐spectroscopic measurements revealed that NAC‐CdTe QDs caused strong quenching of the lysozyme's fluorescence in a size‐dependent quenching manner. Moreover, the changes of secondary structure and microenvironment in lysozyme caused by the NAC‐CdTe QDs were higher with a bigger size. The results of enzyme activity assays showed that the interaction between lysozyme and NAC‐CdTe QDs inhibited the activity of lysozyme and the inhibiting effect was in a size‐dependent manner. Based on these results, we conclude that NAC‐CdTe QDs with larger particle size had a larger impact on the structure and function of lysozyme.
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridine derivatives and investigation of their carbonic anhydrase inhibition effects
Authors: Altundas Aliye , Gül Berna , Çankaya Murat , Atasever Ali , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) to each other is very important for living metabolism. Carbonic anhydrase (CA, E.C.4.2.1.1), a metalloenzyme familly, catalyzes the interconversion of these ions (CO2 and HCO3−) and are very common in living organisms. In this study, a series of novel 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridines supported with some functional groups was synthesized and tested as potential inhibition effects against both cytosolic human CA I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and II) using by Sepharose‐4B‐l‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide affinity chromatography. The structural elucidations of novel 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridines were achieved by NMR, IR, and elemental analyses. Ki values of the novel synthesized compounds were found in range of 2.84–112.44 μM against hCA I and 2.56–31.17 μM against hCA II isoenzyme. While compound 7d showed the best inhibition activity against hCA I (Ki: 2.84 μM), the compound 7b demonstrated the best inhibition profile against hCA II isoenzyme (Ki: 2.56 μM).
Levi's Lemma, pseudolinear drawings of , and empty triangles
Authors: Arroyo Alan , McQuillan Dan , Richter R. Bruce , Salazar Gelasio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere are three main thrusts to this article: a new proof of Levi's Enlargement Lemma for pseudoline arrangements in the real projective plane; a new characterization of pseudolinear drawings of the complete graph; and proofs that pseudolinear and convex drawings of have O and O(n2), respectively, empty triangles. All the arguments are elementary, algorithmic, and self‐contained.
Diagnostic performance of CT, gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI, and PET/CT for the diagnosis of colorectal liver metastasis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choi Sang Hyun , Kim So Yeon , Park Seong Ho , Kim Kyung Won , Lee Ja Youn , Lee Seung Soo , Lee Moon‐Gyu 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundImaging studies, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), have an essential role in the detection and localization of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).PurposeTo systematically determine the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector row CT (MDCT), gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI, and PET/CT for diagnosing CRLM and the sources of heterogeneity between the reported results.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SubjectsIn all, 2151 lesions in CT studies, 2301 lesions in MRI studies, 1846 lesions in PET/CT studies,Field Strength1.5T and 3.0T.AssessmentWe identified research studies that investigated MDCT, gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI, and PET/CT to diagnose CRLM by performing a systematic search of PubMed MEDLINE and EMBASE. Study quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2).Statistical TestsAccording to the types of imaging tests, study heterogeneity and the threshold effect were analyzed and the meta‐analytic summary of sensitivity and specificity were estimated. Meta‐regression analysis was performed to further investigate study heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 860 articles screened, we found 36 studies from 24 articles reporting a diagnosis of CRLM (11 CT studies, 12 MRI studies, and 13 PET/CT studies). The meta‐analytic summary sensitivity for CT, MRI, and PET/CT were 82.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.0–88.1%), 93.1% (95% CI, 88.4–96.0%), and 74.1% (95% CI, 62.1–83.3%), respectively. The meta‐analytic summary specificity for CT, MRI, and PET/CT were 73.5% (95% CI, 53.7–86.9%), 87.3% (95% CI, 77.5–93.2%), and 93.9% (95% CI, 83.9–97.8%), respectively. There was no threshold effect in any of the imaging tests. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly decreased the sensitivity of CT and MRI (P < 0.01), although it did not significantly affect the sensitivity of PET/CT. The study design, type of reference standard, and study quality also affected the diagnostic performances of imaging studies.Data ConclusionDespite the heterogeneous accuracy between studies, gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI showed the highest sensitivity, and gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI and PET/CT had similar specificities for diagnosing CRLM.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1237–1250.
ADC‐derived spatial features can accurately classify adnexal lesions
Authors: Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Nabil Mahnaz , Haghighat Khah Hamidreza , Alviri Mohammadreza , Heidari‐Sooreshjaani Maryam , Gity Masoumeh , Malek Mahrooz , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe role of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in differentiating adnexal masses is unresolved.Purpose/HypothesisTo propose an objective diagnostic method devised based on spatial features for predicting benignity/malignancy of adnexal masses in ADC maps.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 70 women with sonographically indeterminate and histopathologically confirmed adnexal masses (38 benign, 3 borderline, and 29 malignant) were considered for this study.Field Strength/SequenceConventional and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images (b‐values = 50, 400, 1000 s/mm2) were acquired on a 3T scanner.AssessmentFor each patient, two radiologists in consensus manually delineated lesion borders in whole ADC map volumes, which were consequently analyzed using spatial models (first‐order histogram [FOH], gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix [GLCM], run‐length matrix [RLM], and Gabor filters). Two independent radiologists were asked to identify the attributed (benign/malignant) classes of adnexal masses based on morphological features on conventional MRI.Statistical TestsLeave‐one‐out cross‐validated feature selection followed by cross‐validated classification were applied to the feature space to choose the spatial models that best discriminate benign from malignant adnexal lesions. Two schemes of feature selection/classification were evaluated: 1) including all benign and malignant masses, and 2) scheme 1 after excluding endometrioma, hemorrhagic cysts, and teratoma (14 benign, 29 malignant masses). The constructed feature subspaces for benign/malignant lesion differentiation were tested for classification of benign/borderline/malignant and also borderline/malignant adnexal lesions.ResultsThe selected feature subspace consisting of RLM features differentiated benign from malignant adnexal masses with a classification accuracy of ∼92%. The same model discriminated benign, borderline, and malignant lesions with 87% and borderline from malignant with 100% accuracy. Qualitative assessment of the radiologists based on conventional MRI features reached an accuracy of 80%.Data ConclusionThe spatial quantification methodology proposed in this study, which works based on cellular distributions within ADC maps of adnexal masses, may provide a helpful computer‐aided strategy for objective characterization of adnexal masses.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1061–1071.
Photoluminescence of Diphenylalanine Peptide Nano/Microstructures: From Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Gan Zhixing , Xu Hao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiphenylalanine (Phe‐Phe, FF) molecules, which can self‐assemble into highly ordered nano/microstructures, have increasingly aroused intense interests due to their special optical properties. In this review, recent advances in photoluminescence (PL) of supramolecular architectures of FF‐based peptide and the underlying mechanisms are highlighted. Mainly deep ultraviolet emission at around 285 nm and/or blue emission at ≈450 nm are observed in various FF peptide structures and its derivatives, which are primarily interpreted by quantum confinement effects, shallow radiative traps, and electron delocalization via hydrogen bonds in β‐sheet structures. Furthermore, current applications of such fluorescent peptide nano/microstructures are also reviewed here, e.g., probing the number of water molecules confined in FF, temperature sensing, and visualization of deep ultraviolet beam. Yet, the PL mechanism is still under fierce debate and the application based on fluorescence is constantly under exploration. Thus, this review is endeavored to boost future explorations on the PL of the bioinspired FF peptide nano/microstructures.
Neighboring Structure Visualization on a Grid‐based Layout
Authors: Marcou G. , Horvath D. , Varnek A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHere, we describe an algorithm to visualize chemical structures on a grid‐based layout in such a way that similar structures are neighboring. It is based on structure reordering with the help of the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion, representing an empirical estimate of the Hilbert‐Schmidt norm of the cross‐covariance operator. The method can be applied to any layout of bi‐ or three‐dimensional shape. The approach is demonstrated on a set of dopamine D5 ligands visualized on squared, disk and spherical layouts.
Regularization of nonlinear decomposition of spectral x‐ray projection images
Authors: Ducros Nicolas , Abascal Juan Felipe Perez‐Juste , Sixou Bruno , Rit Simon , Peyrin Françoise 
Published: September 2017

PurposeExploiting the x‐ray measurements obtained in different energy bins, spectral computed tomography (CT) has the ability to recover the 3‐D description of a patient in a material basis. This may be achieved solving two subproblems, namely the material decomposition and the tomographic reconstruction problems. In this work, we address the material decomposition of spectral x‐ray projection images, which is a nonlinear ill‐posed problem.MethodsOur main contribution is to introduce a material‐dependent spatial regularization in the projection domain. The decomposition problem is solved iteratively using a Gauss–Newton algorithm that can benefit from fast linear solvers. A Matlab implementation is available online. The proposed regularized weighted least squares Gauss–Newton algorithm (RWLS‐GN) is validated on numerical simulations of a thorax phantom made of up to five materials (soft tissue, bone, lung, adipose tissue, and gadolinium), which is scanned with a 120 kV source and imaged by a 4‐bin photon counting detector. To evaluate the method performance of our algorithm, different scenarios are created by varying the number of incident photons, the concentration of the marker and the configuration of the phantom. The RWLS‐GN method is compared to the reference maximum likelihood Nelder–Mead algorithm (ML‐NM). The convergence of the proposed method and its dependence on the regularization parameter are also studied.ResultsWe show that material decomposition is feasible with the proposed method and that it converges in few iterations. Material decomposition with ML‐NM was very sensitive to noise, leading to decomposed images highly affected by noise, and artifacts even for the best case scenario. The proposed method was less sensitive to noise and improved contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the gadolinium image. Results were superior to those provided by ML‐NM in terms of image quality and decomposition was 70 times faster. For the assessed experiments, material decomposition was possible with the proposed method when the number of incident photons was equal or larger than 105 and when the marker concentration was equal or larger than 0.03 g·cm−3.ConclusionsThe proposed method efficiently solves the nonlinear decomposition problem for spectral CT, which opens up new possibilities such as material‐specific regularization in the projection domain and a parallelization framework, in which projections are solved in parallel.