bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of isolated attosecond pulses with enhancement cavities—a theoretical study
Authors: Högner M , Tosa V , Pupeza I 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) has enabled experimental access to the fastest phenomena in nature observed so far, namely the dynamics of electrons in atoms, molecules and solids. However, nowadays the highest repetition rates at which IAPs can be generated lies in the

kHz

range. This represents a rather severe restriction for numerous experiments involving the detection of charged particles, where the desired number of generated particles per shot is limited by space charge effects to ideally one. Here, we present a theoretical study on the possibility of efficiently producing IAPs at multi-

MHz

repetition rates via cavity-enhanced high-harmonic generation (HHG). To this end, we assume parameters of state-of-the-art Yb-based femtosecond laser technology to evaluate several time-gating methods which could generate IAPs in enhancement cavities. We identify polarization gating and a new method, employing non-collinear optical gating in a tailored transverse cavity mode, as suitable candidates and analyze these via extensive numerical modeling. The latter, which we dub transverse mode gating (TMG) promises the highest efficiency and robustness. Assuming 0.7

μ
J

, 5-cycle pulses from the seeding laser and a state-of-the-art enhancement cavity, we show that TMG bares the potential to generate IAPs with photon energies around

100

eV

and a photon flux of at least

10

8

photons

s

−
1

at repetition rates of

10

MHz

and higher. This result reveals a roadmap towards a dramatic decrease in measurement time (and, equivalently, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio) in photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy. In particular, it paves the way to combining attosecond streaking with photoelectron emission microscopy, affording, for the first time, the spatially and temporally resolved observation of plasmonic fields in nanostructures. Furthermore, it promises the generation of frequency combs with an unprecedented bandwidth for XUV precision spectroscopy.
BioContainers: an open-source and community-driven framework for software standardization
Authors: da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Grüning Björn A , Alves Aflitos Saulo , Röst Hannes L , Uszkoreit Julian , Barsnes Harald , Vaudel Marc , Moreno Pablo , Gatto Laurent , Weber Jonas , Bai Mingze , Jimenez Rafael C , Sachsenberg Timo , Pfeuffer Julianus , Vera Alvarez Roberto , Griss Johannes , Nesvizhskii Alexey I , Perez-Riverol Yasset 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
BioContainers (biocontainers.pro) is an open-source and community-driven framework which provides platform independent executable environments for bioinformatics software. BioContainers allows labs of all sizes to easily install bioinformatics software, maintain multiple versions of the same software and combine tools into powerful analysis pipelines. BioContainers is based on popular open-source projects Docker and rkt frameworks, that allow software to be installed and executed under an isolated and controlled environment. Also, it provides infrastructure and basic guidelines to create, manage and distribute bioinformatics containers with a special focus on omics technologies. These containers can be integrated into more comprehensive bioinformatics pipelines and different architectures (local desktop, cloud environments or HPC clusters).

Availability and Implementation
The software is freely available at github.com/BioContainers/.
Safety of a Rapidly Dissolving Buprenorphine/Naloxone Sublingual Tablet (BNX-RDT) for Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Multicenter, Open-label Extension Study
Authors: Hoffman Kent , Peyton Marvin L. , Sumner Michael 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To assess the safety of rapidly dissolving buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets (BNX-RDT) in opioid-dependent patients.

Methods:
This open-label, 24-week extension study enrolled patients who completed primary trials of BNX-RDT. Daily tablet doses ranged from 5.7 to 17.1 mg. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary assessments included opioid cravings, addiction severity, health-related quality of life (QOL), and workplace productivity at screening (final day of the primary trials) through study end, with changes measured from baseline of the primary trials.

Results:
In all, 665 patients received treatment; 292 (43.9%) completed the study. A total of 258 patients (38.8%) reported 557 treatment-emergent adverse events, most commonly headache (3.2%) and constipation (3.0%). Craving scores showed continued improvement on 100-mm visual analog scale (mean change from primary trial baseline, −52.8 at screening; mean change from extension trial baseline, −60.5 at week 24). Reductions in addiction severity from baseline of both the primary and extension trial were maintained through week 24 on multiple assessments, as were improvements in QOL on Short Form 36. Employment increased by 15% and mean (SD) hours worked per week increased by 4.6 (20.1) from baseline to study end. Mean (SD) scores for impact of opioid dependence on work productivity improved from 4.7 (3.0) at baseline to 0.9 (1.8) at study end (11-point scale).

Conclusions:
Extended treatment with BNX-RDT demonstrated a safety profile similar to other BNX formulations, reduced opioid cravings, and improved both QOL and work productivity. Continued treatment may enable patients to advance in recovery and return to normal functioning.
Prelaminated Fascia Lata Free Flap for Oronasal Fistula Reconstruction
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Pérez-Espadero Alberto , Rubí Oña Carlos G. , Thione Alessandro 
Published: March 2017

Summary:
Oronasal fistulae are frequently symptomatic due to rhinolalia and regurgitation of solid food and liquids through the palate.
1
When asymptomatic, fistulae can be managed with conservative therapies. Local flaps are useful to close small fistulae but cannot be used in bigger ones and cases with bad-quality surrounding tissues. Ideally, a thin double-layer mucosal tissue is required, but there are no suitable donor sites for this tissue in the human body. We report a palate fistula reconstruction with prelaminated fascia lata free flap.
Psychoactive Drugs in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Davison Steven P. , Baglien Brigit D. , Hayes Kylie D. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Psychoactive drug use is on the rise in the United States, with plastic surgery patients a potentially susceptible group. This study aimed to determine the incidence of cosmetic and reconstructive patients in our practice taking psychoactive drugs and to compare those values with the national average. Furthermore, we discuss the patient safety concerns when patients withhold their medical history information over the course of their treatment.

Methods:
Urban private plastic practice patients who underwent surgery in a closed practice from 2009 to 2016 were divided into cosmetic and reconstructive cohorts. Review for drug use was medical scripts, history, and Surescripts drug reporting. Extracted information includes age, race, procedure, psychoactive medications, and whether or not they stated a mental health diagnosis on their medical history forms. Only patients with complete records were included.

Results:
A total of 830 patients were included in statistical analysis. Due to minimal cohort number, 70 men were excluded, as there were no comparative national data. Our analysis found that 33.6% cosmetic patients and 46.3% reconstructive patients used at least one psychoactive drug.

Conclusion:
There is a statistically significant difference between psychoactive drug use at our practice compared with the general population and a significantly larger percentage of reconstructive patients taking drugs compared with the cosmetic cohort.
Orbital Schwannoma: Radiographic and Histopathologic Correlation in 15 Cases
Authors: Pointdujour-Lim Renelle , Lally Sara E. , Shields Jerry A. , Eagle Ralph C. , Shields Carol L. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the relationship between radiographic and histopathologic features of orbital schwannoma.

Methods:
Retrospective review of 15 patients with orbital schwannoma managed at an ocular oncology service.

Results:
The mean patient age at the time of presentation was 42 years old (median 40, range 15–64 years). The orbital schwannoma was found incidentally (n = 2) or with symptoms of proptosis (n = 2), blurred vision (n = 3), pain (n = 3), eyelid swelling (n = 2), diplopia (n = 2), or headache (n = 1). The mean duration of symptoms was 15 months (median, 9; range 1–60 months). The tumor occupied the superior (n = 11) or inferior (n = 4) orbit. Antero-posterior tumor location involved the anterior (n = 2), middle (n = 3), posterior (n = 4), or entire (n = 6) orbit. MRI was performed in 12 patients (80%) and CT was the only form of imaging in 3 patients (20%). The T1-weighted MRI (n = 11) showed the mass as isointense (n = 10) or hyperintense (n = 1) to the extraocular muscles). On T2-weighted MRI (n = 10), the mass demonstrated hyperintensity (n = 9) or hypointensity (n = 1). Histopathologic assessment demonstrated Antoni A (n = 12) and Antoni B (n = 12) patterns. Antoni A pattern correlated with hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI and hypointensity on T2-weighted MRI. Antoni B pattern correlated with hypointensity on T1-weighted MRI and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. As Antoni B approached >50% of the solid mass (n = 8), both T1- and T2-weighted MRI images were more likely to be heterogeneous (n = 7, 88% and n = 6, 75%, respectively).

Conclusion:
Orbital schwannomas are nearly always benign, well-encapsulated slowly progressive tumors. Due to the biphasic distribution of Antoni A and Antoni B pattern, the appearance on MRI has a variable degree of heterogeneity. Antoni A pattern correlated with hyperintensity and Antoni B pattern correlated with hypointensity on T1-weighted MRI.
Hearing Preservation Outcomes for 139 Cochlear Implant Recipients Using a Thin Straight Electrode Array
Authors: Moran Michelle , Dowell Richard C. , Iseli Claire , Briggs Robert J. S. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To assess the hearing preservation outcomes in a large group of adult cochlear implant recipients implanted with a thin straight electrode array using atraumatic surgical techniques. Factors affecting hearing preservation will be investigated.

Study Design:
Prospective cohort study undertaken at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Melbourne, Australia from December 2010 to May 2015.

Setting:
Tertiary academic hospital.

Patients:
One hundred thirty-nine adults undergoing cochlear implantation (CI).

Main Outcome Measure:
Primary outcome measure of interest was pre and postoperative pure-tone audiometry.

Results:
Median low-frequency hearing change for the whole group of 139 recipients was −22.5 dB at the 3 months postop point. Eighty-six participants had functional preoperative low-frequency hearing (≤70 dB average at 250 and 500 Hz). Of these, 90.7% retained measureable hearing at 3 months postimplant. 39.5% of this original 86 participants retained functional hearing at 3 months postimplant. At 12 months postimplant, those who retained functional hearing at 3 months had no significant change in hearing. The group who lost functional hearing continued to have a significant deterioration in low-frequency hearing. Degree of hearing loss preimplant was identified as a predictor for the preservation of hearing postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Preservation of hearing is possible following atraumatic cochlear implant surgery with a thin straight electrode array. The amount of hearing preserved seems to be variable, and factors related to this variability are not yet known. The results of the present study suggest preoperative low-frequency hearing at or better than 45 dB may be related to preservation of functional hearing.
The Effect of Workers’ Compensation on Outcome Measurement Methods after Upper Extremity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fujihara Yuki , Shauver Melissa J. , Lark Meghan E. , Zhong Lin , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Patients who receive workers’ compensation often display worse surgical results, such as prolonged pain or reduced functional ability. The outcomes of surgery can be assessed using a variety of surveys, assessments, and measurements. It is unknown whether the confounding effect differs based on how results are measured. The aim of this study was to determine whether these variations exist.

Methods:
A search of full-length articles published between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2015, was conducted using 3 online databases. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using unique inclusion criteria for each.

Results:
A total of 101 articles were included in the systematic review; 62 of them were retained for the meta-analysis. In the systematic review, 70 percent of studies found that patients receiving workers’ compensation had significantly worse postoperative results than uncompensated patients, whereas only 42 percent of studies that measured preoperative versus postoperative improvement were influenced by workers’ compensation. The meta-analysis found that uncompensated patients were more likely to experience improvement after surgery than patients receiving workers’ compensation (summary OR, 3.17; 95 percent CI, 2.47 to 4.08). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that functional measures, such as grip strength or nonunion, were least affected by workers’ compensation, compared with other outcome measures such as patient-reported outcomes questionnaires or time off work.

Conclusion:
Potential bias introduced by workers’ compensation can be mitigated by evaluating surgical treatment of work-related upper extremity disorders using preoperative versus postoperative improvement or functional measures.
Vasculature of a Medial Femoral Condyle Free Flap in Intact and Osteotomized Flaps
Authors: Rysz Maciej , Grabczan Wojciech , Mazurek Maciej Jan , Krajewski Romuald , Grzelecki Dariusz , Ciszek Bogdan 
Published: March 2017

Background:
A small size and difficulties with shaping a medial femoral condyle corticocancellous bone flap are factors limiting its use. The goal of this study was to evaluate range of vascular supply to a medial femoral condyle corticocancellous bone flap to determine whether harvesting of larger flaps and performing a flap osteotomy would compromise the vasculature of a flap’s bone.

Methods:
Twenty-four limbs were dissected and medial femoral condyle corticocancellous bone flaps were harvested with skin paddles. Thirteen of 24 flaps had subperiosteal osteotomies simulating shaping a bone for reconstruction. A pedicle artery was perfused with red latex. Medial femoral condyle corticocancellous bone flap vascularization was evaluated by cutting the bone into 1-cm blocks and assessing the number of Haversian canals filled with red latex.

Results:
Length of harvested flaps was 7 to 13 cm, thickness was 0.5 to 3 cm, and width was 1 to 3 cm. Pedicle length was between 3.5 and 9 cm (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 1.6 cm). Red latex filled bone vessels at a distance of 6 to 11.5 cm from the distal end of a flap (8.2 ± 1.4 cm). Skin paddles were filled with latex in all cases.

Conclusion:
A medial femoral condyle corticocancellous bone flap had sufficient blood supply, allowing for harvesting flaps up to 11 cm long, and subperiosteal osteotomy did not compromise the vasculature of the flap’s bone.
Airway and Feeding Outcomes of Mandibular Distraction, Tongue-Lip Adhesion, and Conservative Management in Pierre Robin Sequence: A Prospective Study
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Hall Courtney , Madhoun Lauren L. , Splaingard Mark , Baylis Adriane , Kirschner Richard E. , Pearson Gregory D. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Pierre Robin sequence is characterized by mandibular retrognathia and glossoptosis resulting in airway obstruction and feeding difficulties. When conservative management fails, mandibular distraction osteogenesis or tongue-lip adhesion may be required to avoid tracheostomy. The authors’ goal was to prospectively evaluate the airway and feeding outcomes of their comprehensive approach to Pierre Robin sequence, which includes conservative management, mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and tongue-lip adhesion.

Methods:
A longitudinal study of newborns with Pierre Robin sequence treated at a pediatric academic medical center between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Baseline feeding and respiratory data were collected. Patients underwent conservative management if they demonstrated sustainable weight gain without tube feeds, and if their airway was stable with positioning alone. Patients who required surgery underwent tongue-lip adhesion or mandibular distraction osteogenesis based on family and surgeon preference. Postoperative airway and feeding data were collected.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients with Pierre Robin sequence were followed prospectively. Thirty-two percent had a syndrome. Ten underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis, eight underwent tongue-lip adhesion, and 10 were treated conservatively. There were no differences in days to extubation or discharge, change in weight percentile, requirement for gastrostomy tube, or residual obstructive sleep apnea between the three groups. No patients required tracheostomy. The greatest reduction in apnea-hypopnea index occurred with mandibular distraction osteogenesis, followed by tongue-lip adhesion and conservative management.

Conclusions:
Careful selection of which patients with Pierre Robin sequence need surgery, and of the most appropriate surgical procedure for each patient, can minimize the need for postprocedure tracheostomy. A comprehensive approach to Pierre Robin sequence that includes conservative management, mandibular distraction osteogenesis, and tongue-lip adhesion can result in excellent airway and feeding outcomes.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Ocular Morbidity in the Correction of Orbital Hypertelorism and Dystopia: A 15-Year Experience
Authors: Glass Graeme E. , Hon Kate A. V. , Schweibert Kemmy , Bowman Richard , Jones Barry M. , Dunaway David J. , Britto Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Complex surgery for appearance change is controversial. Correction of orbital hypertelorism risks diplopia and loss of stereopsis for aesthetic gain. The risk-to-benefit ratio remains ill-defined. The aim of this study was to define specific ocular morbidity following orbital translocation.

Methods:
The authors compared stable preoperative and postoperative orthoptic indices (i.e., angle of strabismus, ocular motility, and acuity) for 23 consecutive patients who underwent orbital translocation between 2000 and 2015 and noted the requirement for corrective surgery.

Results:
Eighteen patients underwent 33 box osteotomies (15 bilateral and three unilateral). Five patients underwent facial bipartition. Diagnosis was craniofrontonasal dysplasia in 11, frontonasal dysplasia in six, facial cleft in four, and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome in two cases. Median grade of orbital hypertelorism was III. Median age at surgery was 13 years (range, 5 to 17 years). Nontransient change (favorable or unfavorable) in angle of strabismus was noted in 14 patients. Ocular motility was altered in 12. Six patients had stereopsis preoperatively that was disrupted in two cases because of changes in ocular alignment and/or motility. There was one perioperative ophthalmic emergency (superior orbital fissure syndrome) and three acute reexplorations for external ocular muscle entrapment. Corrective surgery for strabismus was performed for four patients. Three required secondary canthopexy and three required surgery for blepharoptosis.

Conclusions:
Orbital translocation is associated with ocular risks including changes to angle of strabismus, ocular motility, and (when present) loss of stereopsis. Secondary surgery to correct strabismus or eyelid malposition is common. Orbital translocation is an operative process, not a single procedure.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Differences in the Reporting of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities among Three Large National Databases for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kamali Parisa , Zettervall Sara L. , Wu Winona , Ibrahim Ahmed M. S. , Medin Caroline , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Research derived from large-volume databases plays an increasing role in the development of clinical guidelines and health policy. In breast cancer research, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, and Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases are widely used. This study aims to compare the trends in immediate breast reconstruction and identify the drawbacks and benefits of each database.Methods:Patients with invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ were identified from each database (2005–2012). Trends of immediate breast reconstruction over time were evaluated. Patient demographics and comorbidities were compared. Subgroup analysis of immediate breast reconstruction use per race was conducted.Results:Within the three databases, 1.2 million patients were studied. Immediate breast reconstruction in invasive breast cancer patients increased significantly over time in all databases. A similar significant upward trend was seen in ductal carcinoma in situ patients. Significant differences in immediate breast reconstruction rates were seen among races; and the disparity differed among the three databases. Rates of comorbidities were similar among the three databases.Conclusions:There has been a significant increase in immediate breast reconstruction; however, the extent of the reporting of overall immediate breast reconstruction rates and of racial disparities differs significantly among databases. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program report similar findings, with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database reporting results significantly lower in several categories. These findings suggest that use of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database may not be universally generalizable to the entire U.S. population.