bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to Cognitive Processing Therapy in Veterans With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mesa Franklin , Dickstein Benjamin D. , Wooten Virgil D. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent studies have called attention to the need for enhancing treatment outcome in trauma‐focused psychotherapies, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT), with veterans. Given the prevalence of posttraumatic‐related sleep disturbances, and the role of sleep in emotional learning and processing, sleep quality may be a target for improving CPT outcome. Elevated rates of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been reported in samples of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the impact of OSA on response to CPT is unclear. In this study, CPT outcome was examined in veterans with and without a diagnosis of OSA. Following chart review, 68 OSA‐positive and 276 OSA‐negative veterans were identified. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare between‐group differences in weekly self‐reported PTSD symptomatology. The OSA‐positive veterans reported greater PTSD severity over the course of treatment and at posttreatment compared with veterans without OSA (B = −0.657). Additionally, OSA‐positive veterans with access to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy reported less PTSD severity relative to OSA‐positive veterans without access to CPAP (B = −0.421). Apnea appears to be a contributing factor to the reduced effectiveness of evidence‐based psychotherapy for veterans with PTSD; however, preliminary evidence indicates that CPAP therapy may help mitigate the impact of OSA on treatment outcome.
Antimicrobial Emulsifier–Glycerol Monolaurate Induces Metabolic Syndrome, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Systemic Low‐Grade Inflammation in Low‐Fat Diet Fed Mice
Authors: Jiang Zengliang , Zhao Minjie , Zhang Hui , Li Yang , Liu Mengyun , Feng Fengqin 
Published: November 2017

ScopeGlycerol monolaurate (GML) is widely consumed worldwide in the food industry and is considered safe, but for chronic diseases, supporting scientific data remain sparse. This study investigates whether dietary GML induces metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic low‐grade inflammation.Methods and resultsGML‐induced occurrence of metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota alterations, and systemic low‐grade inflammation are investigated. The results demonstrate that GML induced metabolic syndrome by significantly increasing the body weight, weight gain, food intake, body fat, fat droplet size and percentage of epididymal fat, serum triglycerides (TG), LDL, and atherogenic index, and decreasing the body muscle ratio, liver weight, and HDL, compared to the control (CON) group. Meanwhile, GML significantly changed the β‐diversity and composition of gut microbiota and upregulated the circulating levels of serum LPS, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Importantly, GML significantly decreased Akkermansia muciniphila and Lupinus luteus, and increased Bacteroides acidifaciens, Escherichia coli and the microbial DNA abundance of the ten predicated metabolism pathways involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.ConclusionOur results indicate that relatively low‐dose GML consumption promotes metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic low‐grade inflammation, thereby calling for a reassessment of GML usage.
Technical Note: Evaluation of the latency and the beam characteristics of a respiratory gating system using an Elekta linear accelerator and a respiratory indicator device, Abches
Authors: Saito Masahide , Sano Naoki , Ueda Koji , Shibata Yuki , Kuriyama Kengo , Komiyama Takafumi , Marino Kan , Aoki Shinichi , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the basic performance of a respiratory gating system using an Elekta linac and an Abches respiratory‐monitoring device.MethodsThe gating system was comprised of an Elekta Synergy linac equipped with a ResponseTM gating interface module and an Abches respiratory‐monitoring device. The latencies from a reference respiratory signal to the resulting Abches gating output signal and the resulting monitor‐ion‐chamber output signal were measured. Then, the flatness and symmetry of the gated beams were measured using a two‐dimensional ionization chamber array for fixed and arc beams, respectively. Furthermore, the beam quality, TPR20,10, and the output of the fixed gated beams were also measured using a Farmer chamber. Each of the beam characteristics was compared with each of those for nongated irradiation.ResultsThe full latencies at beam‐on and beam‐off for 6‐MV gated beams were 336.4 ± 23.4 ms and 87.6 ± 7.1 ms, respectively. The differences in flatness between the gated and nongated beams were within 0.91% and 0.87% for the gun‐target and left‐right directions, respectively. In the same manner, the beam symmetries were within 0.68% and 0.82%, respectively. The percentage differences in beam quality and beam output were below 1% for a beam‐on time range of 1.1–7 s.ConclusionThe latency of the Elekta gating system combined with Abches was found to be acceptable using our measurement method. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the beam characteristics of the gating system using our respiratory indicator were comparable with the nongated beams for a single‐arc gated beam delivery.
Field‐size correction factors of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter for small‐field and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy beams
Authors: Hashimoto Shimpei , Fujita Yukio , Katayose Tetsurou , Mizuno Hideyuki , Saitoh Hidetoshi , Karasawa Katsuyuki 
Published: November 2017

PurposeWe evaluated the energy responses of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLD) to variations in small‐field and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) conditions using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulation.MethodsSeveral sizes of the jaw and multileaf collimator fields and various plan‐class IMRT‐beam measurements were performed using the RPLD and an ionization chamber. The field‐size correction factor for the RPLD was determined for 6‐ and 10‐MV x rays. This correction factor, together with the perturbation factor, was also calculated using Monte Carlo simulation with the EGSnrc/egs_chamber user code. In addition, to evaluate the response of the RPLD to clinical‐class‐specific reference fields, the field‐size correction factor for the clinical IMRT plan was measured.ResultsThe calculated field‐size correction factor ranged from 1.007 to 0.981 (for 6‐MV x rays) and from 1.012 to 0.990 (for 10‐MV x rays) as the jaw‐field size ranged from 1 × 1 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2. The atomic composition perturbation factor for these jaw fields decreased by 3.2% and 1.9% for the 6‐ and 10‐MV fields, respectively. The density perturbation factor was unity for field sizes ranging from 3 × 3 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2, whereas that for field sizes ranging from 3 × 3 cm2 to 1 × 1 cm2 decreased by 3.2% (for 6‐MV x rays) and 4.3% (for 10‐MV x rays). The volume‐averaging factor rapidly increased for field sizes below 1.6 × 1.6 cm2. The results for the MLC fields were similar to those for the jaw fields. For plan‐class IMRT beams, the field‐size correction and perturbation factors were almost unity. The difference between the doses measured using the RPLD and ionization chamber was within 1.2% for the clinical IMRT plan at the planning‐target volume (PTV) region.ConclusionsFor small fields of size 1.6 × 1.6 cm2 or less, it was clarified that the volume averaging and density perturbation were the dominant effects responsible for the variation in the RPLD response. Moreover, perturbation correction is required when measuring a field size 1.0 × 1.0 cm2 or less. Under the IMRT conditions, the difference in the responses of the RPLD between the reference conditions and the PTV region calculated by Monte Carlo simulation did not exceed 0.8%. These results indicate that it is feasible to measure IMRT dosage using an RPLD at the PTV region.
Evaluation of renal metabolic response to partial ureteral obstruction with hyperpolarized 13C MRI
Authors: Niles David J. , Gordon Jeremy W. , Huang Gengwen , Reese Shannon , Adamson Erin B. , Djamali Arjang , Fain Sean B. 
Published: November 2017

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to non‐invasively image the transport and chemical conversion of 13C–labeled compounds in vivo. In this study, we utilize hyperpolarized 13C MRI to evaluate metabolic markers in the kidneys longitudinally in a mouse model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (pUUO). Partial obstruction was surgically induced in the left ureter of nine adult mice, leaving the right ureter as a control. 1H and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI of the kidneys was performed 2 days prior to surgery (baseline) and at 3, 7 and 14 days post‐surgery. Images were evaluated for changes in renal pelvis volume, pyruvate, lactate and the lactate to pyruvate ratio. After 14 days, mice were sacrificed and immunohistological staining of both kidneys for collagen fibrosis (picrosirius red) and macrophage infiltration (F4/80) was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed effects model. Significant kidney × time interaction effects were observed for both lactate and pyruvate, indicating that these markers changed differently between time points for the obstructed and unobstructed kidneys. Both kidneys showed an increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio after obstruction, suggesting a shift towards glycolytic metabolism. These changes were accompanied by marked hydronephrosis, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in the obstructed kidney, but not in the unobstructed kidney. Our results show that pUUO is associated with increased pyruvate to lactate metabolism in both kidneys, with injury and inflammation specific to the obstructed kidney. The work also demonstrates the feasibility of the use of hyperpolarized 13C MRI to study metabolism in renal disease.
Quantification of GABA, glutamate and glutamine in a single measurement at 3 T using GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS
Authors: Sanaei Nezhad Faezeh , Anton Adriana , Michou Emilia , Jung JeYoung , Parkes Laura M. , Williams Stephen R. 
Published: November 2017

γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), major neurotransmitters in the brain, are recycled through glutamine (Gln). All three metabolites can be measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo, although GABA measurement at 3 T requires an extra editing acquisition, such as Mescher–Garwood point‐resolved spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS). In a GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS spectrum, Glu and Gln co‐edit with GABA, providing the possibility to measure all three in one acquisition. In this study, we investigated the reliability of the composite Glu + Gln (Glx) peak estimation and the possibility of Glu and Gln separation in GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS spectra. The data acquired in vivo were used to develop a quality assessment framework which identified MEGA‐PRESS spectra in which Glu and Gln could be estimated reliably. Phantoms containing Glu, Gln, GABA and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) at different concentrations were scanned using GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS at 3 T. Fifty‐six sets of spectra in five brain regions were acquired from 36 healthy volunteers. Based on the Glu/Gln ratio, data were classified as either within or outside the physiological range. A peak‐by‐peak quality assessment was performed on all data to investigate whether quality metrics can discriminate between these two classes of spectra. The quality metrics were as follows: the GABA signal‐to‐noise ratio, the NAA linewidth and the Glx Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB). The Glu and Gln concentrations were estimated with precision across all phantoms with a linear relationship between the measured and true concentrations: R1 = 0.95 for Glu and R1 = 0.91 for Gln. A quality assessment framework was set based on the criteria necessary for a good GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS spectrum. Simultaneous criteria of NAA linewidth <8 Hz and Glx CRLB <16% were defined as optimum features for reliable Glu and Gln quantification. Glu and Gln can be reliably quantified from GABA‐edited MEGA‐PRESS acquisitions. However, this reliability should be controlled using the quality assessment methods suggested in this work.
ONVisor: Towards a scalable and flexible SDN‐based network virtualization platform on ONOS
Authors: Han Yoonseon , Vachuska Thomas , Al‐Shabibi Ali , Li Jian , Huang Huibai , Snow William , Hong James Won‐Ki 
Published: November 2017

SummaryNetwork virtualization (NV) technologies have attracted a lot of attention as an essential solution for future networking infrastructure. The NV enables multiple tenants to share the same physical infrastructure and to create independent virtual networks (VNs) by decoupling the physical network in terms of topology, address, and control functions. One feasible way to realize full NV involves considering solutions based on the software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm using its programmability. The SDN contributes many benefits to both network operations and management including programmability, agility, elasticity, and flexibility. There are several SDN‐based NV solutions; however, they suffered from a lack of scalability, high availability. Also, they have high latency between control and data plane because of proxy‐based architecture. In this thesis, we introduce a new NV platform, named Open Network Hypervisor (ONVisor). The design objectives include, among the features, (1) multitenancy, (2) scalability, (3) flexibility, (4) isolated VNs, and (5) VN federation. ONVisor was designed and implemented by extending Open Network Operating System, an open‐source SDN controller. The main features of ONVisor are (1) isolated control and data plane per VN, (2) support of distributed operations, (3) extensible translators, (4) on‐platform VN application development and execution, and (5) support of heterogenous SDN data‐plane implementations. Several experiments are conducted on various test scenarios in different test environments in terms of control and data plane performance compared to nonvirtualized SDN network. The results show that ONVisor can provide VNs a little bit lower control plane performance and similar data plane performance.
A Postmortem Study of Frontal and Temporal Gyri Thickness and Cell Number in Human Obesity
Authors: Gómez‐Apo Erick , García‐Sierra Adrián , Silva‐Pereyra Juan , Soto‐Abraham Virgilia , Mondragón‐Maya Alejandra , Velasco‐Vales Verónica , Pescatello Linda S. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cortex thickness and neuronal cell density in postmortem brain tissue from people with overweight or obesity and normal weight.MethodsThe cortex thickness and neuron density of eight donors with overweight or obesity (mean = 31.6 kg/m2; SD = 4.35; n = 8; 6 male) and eight donors with normal weight (mean = 21.8 kg/m2; SD = 1.5; n = 8; 5 male) were compared. All participants were Mexican and lived in Mexico City. Randomly selected thickness measures of different cortex areas from the frontal and temporal lobes were analyzed based on high‐resolution real‐size photographs. A histological analysis of systematic‐random fields was used to quantify the number of neurons in postmortem left and right of the first, second, and third gyri of frontal and temporal lobe brain samples.ResultsNo statistical difference was found in cortical thickness between donors with overweight or obesity and individuals with normal weight. A smaller number of neurons was found among the donors with overweight or obesity than the donors with normal weight at different frontal and temporal areas.ConclusionsA lower density of neurons is associated with overweight or obesity. The morphological basis for structural brain changes in obesity requires further investigation.
Sex discordance identification following non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Richardson Ebony J. , Scott Fergus P. , McLennan Andrew C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to characterise genotype‐phenotype discordance identified in the routine clinical setting and to explore the associated diagnostic and counselling challenges.MethodCases were derived from a cohort of pregnant women who attended a multisite specialist prenatal screening and ultrasound service for non‐invasive prenatal testing by cell‐free DNA analysis and midtrimester fetal morphology assessment.ResultsSeven cases of genotype‐phenotype discordance were identified from a cohort of 12 919 women between June 2013 and March 2017 (incidence 1/1845 pregnancies). A variety of disorders of sexual differentiation were subsequently diagnosed.ConclusionSex chromosomes are the basis of sexual differentiation during embryonic development. Variations of the traditional XX or XY karyotype may result in conditions where the genotype is discordant with the phenotype. Detection of these conditions in the past typically occurred during adolescence, due to delayed puberty, or during adulthood, due to infertility. With the increasing availability of non‐invasive prenatal testing and high‐resolution ultrasound, more cases of genotype‐phenotype sex discordance are being identified in routine clinical practice during early pregnancy. These discordant results present significant diagnostic and counselling challenges, and their potential should be included in increasingly complex pre‐NIPT counselling.
“Synthesis, Spectral Characterisation, Theoretical Investigations and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ethyl 4‐(3‐(1, 3‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxamido)phenyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐methyl‐2‐oxopyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate”
Authors: Adaikalaraj Chinnapan , Manivarman Subramanian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNewly synthesized nonlinear optical material is ethyl4‐(3‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxamido)phenyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐methyl‐2‐oxopyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate (DMPC). It has been characterized experimentally by FT‐IR, FT‐Raman, 1H and 13C‐NMR spectrum and theoretically by DFT method using B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectrum was comparable with theoretical wavenumber using single scaling factor. The intra‐molecular charge transfers occurring in the molecule have been analyzed by donor‐acceptor interaction from natural bonding orbital analysis. The nonlinear optical activity of the compounds has been calculated, and found that the molecule is a good candidate of nonlinear material. The optical response and conduction nature of the title molecule have band gap of frontier edges were calculated by TD‐DFT calculation and these results studied with UV‐Visible spectrum. Especially the π‐π* bonding interactions were interested to study conjugative property of the molecule. Moreover, molecular electrostatic potential surface of DMPC are useful in investigating the stability and reactivity of the molecule
Nondestructive Method for the Determination of the Electric Polarization Orientation in Thin Films: Illustration on Gallium Ferrite Thin Films
Authors: Lefevre Chistophe , Demchenko Anna , Bouillet Corinne , Luysberg Martina , Devaux Xavier , Roulland François , Versini Gilles , Barre Sophie , Wakabayashi Yusuke , Boudet Nathalie , Leuvrey Cédric , Acosta Manuel , Meny Christian , Martin Elodie , Grenier Stéphane , Favre‐Nicolin Vincent , Viart Nathalie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe knowledge and control of the electric polarization in multiferroic thin films is currently the subject of extensive research efforts. This is the key toward a possible transformation into devices of the exciting phenomena such as conductance modification or polarity observed at ferroelectric domain walls. The main methods currently available to determine the polarization characteristics in thin films suffer from being local, time demanding, potentially vitiated by artefacts, or even blinded in some cases. A nondestructive method based on resonant diffraction is proposed for the determination of the polarization orientation in multiferroic, ferroelectric, or pyroelectric thin films. The method is experimentally illustrated for multiferroic gallium ferrite thin films. Its validity is also theoretically shown for the perovskite‐based structure of the emblematic ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, which augurs numerous prospects for its potential applications.
Water models for biomolecular simulations
Authors: Onufriev Alexey V. , Izadi Saeed 
Published: November 2017

Modern simulation and modeling approaches to investigation of biomolecular structure and function rely heavily on a variety of methods—water models—to approximate the influence of solvent. We give a brief overview of several distinct classes of available water models, with the emphasis on the conceptual basis at each level of approximation. The main focus is on classes of models most widely used in atomistic simulations, including popular implicit and explicit solvent models. Among the latter, nonpolarizable N‐point models are covered in most detail, including some recent methodological advances and nuances. Notes on practical availability and usage in biomolecular simulations are included. Atomistic simulations that were hardly possible only a short while ago have revealed significant problems that can be traced to deficiencies of most commonly used N‐point water models. Recently developed models of this class approximate experimental properties of liquid water much closer than before, and show promise in practical biomolecular simulations. Obstacles to wider adoption of these more accurate water models, both technical and conceptual, are discussed. It is argued that verifying robustness of simulation results to the choice of water model can be of immediate benefit even in the absence of a clear replacement for older models; a specific strategy is proposed. The review is concluded with a discussion on how force‐field development efforts can benefit from better solvent models, and vice versa. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1347. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1347This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
A semantics comparison workbench for a concurrent, asynchronous, distributed programming language
Authors: Corrodi Claudio , Heußner Alexander , Poskitt Christopher M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

A number of high-level languages and libraries have been proposed that offer novel and simple to use abstractions for concurrent, asynchronous, and distributed programming. The execution models that realise them, however, often change over time—whether to improve performance, or to extend them to new language features—potentially affecting behavioural and safety properties of existing programs. This is exemplified by
Scoop
, a message-passing approach to concurrent object-oriented programming that has seen multiple changes proposed and implemented, with demonstrable consequences for an idiomatic usage of its core abstraction. We propose a
semantics comparison workbench
for
Scoop
with fully and semi-automatic tools for analysing and comparing the state spaces of programs with respect to different execution models or semantics. We demonstrate its use in checking the consistency of properties across semantics by applying it to a set of representative programs, and highlighting a deadlock-related discrepancy between the principal execution models of
Scoop
. Furthermore, we demonstrate the extensibility of the workbench by generalising the formalisation of an execution model to support recently proposed extensions for distributed programming. Our workbench is based on a modular and parameterisable graph transformation semantics implemented in the
Groove
tool. We discuss how graph transformations are leveraged to atomically model intricate language abstractions, how the visual yet algebraic nature of the model can be used to ascertain soundness, and highlight how the approach could be applied to similar languages.