bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambroxol effects in glucocerebrosidase and α‐synuclein transgenic mice
Authors: Migdalska‐Richards Anna , Daly Liam , Bezard Erwan , Schapira Anthony H. V. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveGaucher disease is caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase 1 gene that result in deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Both homozygous and heterozygous glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations confer an increased risk for developing Parkinson disease. Current estimates indicate that 10 to 25% of Parkinson patients carry glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations. Ambroxol is a small molecule chaperone that has been shown to increase glucocerebrosidase activity in vitro. This study investigated the effect of ambroxol treatment on glucocerebrosidase activity and on α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein protein levels in mice.MethodsMice were treated with ambroxol for 12 days. After the treatment, glucocerebrosidase activity was measured in the mouse brain lysates. The brain lysates were also analyzed for α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein protein levels.ResultsAmbroxol treatment resulted in increased brain glucocerebrosidase activity in (1) wild‐type mice, (2) transgenic mice expressing the heterozygous L444P mutation in the murine glucocerebrosidase 1 gene, and (3) transgenic mice overexpressing human α‐synuclein. Furthermore, in the mice overexpressing human α‐synuclein, ambroxol treatment decreased both α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein protein levels.InterpretationOur work supports the proposition that ambroxol should be further investigated as a potential novel disease‐modifying therapy for treatment of Parkinson disease and neuronopathic Gaucher disease to increase glucocerebrosidase activity and decrease α‐synuclein and phosphorylated α‐synuclein protein levels. Ann Neurol 2016;80:766–775
Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon‐Encapsulated MoO2 Nanobelts as a High‐Capacity and Stable Host for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Tan Xianjun , Cui Chuanfeng , Wu Shiqun , Qiu Bocheng , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractN‐doped mesoporous carbon‐capped MoO2 nanobelts (designated as MoO2@NC) were synthesized and applied to lithium‐ion storage. Owing to the stable core–shell structural framework and conductive mesoporous carbon matrix, the as‐prepared MoO2@NC shows a high specific capacity of around 700 mA h g−1 at a current of 0.5 A g−1, excellent cycling stability up to 100 cycles, and superior rate performance. The N‐doped mesoporous carbon can greatly improve the conductivity and provide uninhibited conducting pathways for fast charge transfer and transport. Moreover, the core–shell structure improved the structural integrity, leading to a high stability during the cycling process. All of these merits make the MoO2@NC to be a suitable and promising material for lithium ion battery.
Secondary primary malignancies during the lenalidomide–dexamethasone regimen in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Kotchetkov Rouslan , Masih‐Khan Esther , Chu Chia‐Min , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Chen Christine , Kukreti Vishal , Trudel Suzanne , Tiedemann Rodger , Reece Donna E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone (Len‐dex) represents a highly effective treatment in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. However, an increased risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs), including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has been described in patients receiving lenalidomide. In order to assess the incidence and features of this complication, we reviewed 195 patients with RRMM treated with Len‐dex at our institution. The median follow‐up time from diagnosis of MM was 73 months (10–234 months) and from initiation of Len‐dex was 19 months (1–104 months). The median duration of Len‐dex for all patients was 7.8 months (range 1–90 months). The incidence rate (IR) for all SPMs from start of Len‐dex was 2.37 per 100 patient‐years, which reflected an IR of 1.29 for MDS/AML and 1.08 for nonhematologic malignancies (NHM). MDS was the most common SPM noted. The cumulative IR of SPM at 5 years was 1.54% from the time of MM diagnosis and 5.24% from starting Len‐dex. Multivariable cumulative incidence of SPM analysis identified older age (P = 0.005) and prior number of regimens (P = 0.026) as adverse risk factors. We found more concomitant G‐CSF use (P = 0.029) in patients with MDS/AML, however, causal association is not clear. The progression‐free survival after Len‐dex was the longest for patients in MDS/AML group, and the 5‐year overall survival did not differ among groups. Although the rate of SPM was relatively low with Len‐dex, concomitant G‐CSF should be used judiciously and patients receiving this regimen should be observed for the development of this complication.
Butanal Condensation Chemistry Catalyzed by Brønsted Acid Sites on Polyoxometalate Clusters
Authors: Yang Yifei , Lin Fan , Tran Honghi , Chin Ya‐Huei (Cathy) 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe connection of active site structures and their catalytic chemistry during butanal deoxygenation on polyoxometalate clusters with varying H+ site densities and identity of central atoms [HxNa4−xSiW12O40 (x=0–4) and HyNa3−yPW12O40 (y=0–3)] was established with rate assessment, IR spectroscopic, and chemical titration methods. Butanal adsorbs on the H+ or Na+ ions on polyoxometalate clusters and forms RC=O⋅⋅⋅H+ or RC=O⋅⋅⋅Na+ complexes at 348 K. A portion of the adsorbed butanals on the H+ sites converts to surface acetates through their reactions with vicinal framework oxygen atoms, as confirmed from the detection of νas(OCO) band at approximately 1580 cm−1, and remains as the spectator species. Bimolecular reactions of butanals on the remaining H+ sites lead to 2‐ethyl‐2‐hexenal as the predominant products, within which a small fraction undergoes sequential cyclization–dehydration to produce aromatics. A trace amount of butanal converts through minor, competitive pathways that form light olefins and dienes. These findings on the connection between active sites and their catalytic chemistry provide mechanistic insights useful for tuning the rates of the various concomitant paths and thus yields towards the different products during deoxygenation reactions.
Fabrication of High‐Performance Aqueous Li‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor with LiMn2O4 and Graphene
Authors: Pazhamalai Parthiban , Krishnamoorthy Karthikeyan , Sudhakaran M. S. P. , Kim Sang Jae 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we fabricated an aqueous Li‐ion hybrid capacitor (LHC) by using LiMn2O4 and sonochemically reduced graphene as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction pattern and Raman analyses were performed to identify the phase, crystallinity, and bonding nature of the prepared LiMn2O4 and sonochemically reduced graphene. Electrochemical characterization, such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the LiMn2O4 and graphene was performed by using a three‐electrode configuration. Furthermore, asymmetric LiMn2O4∥graphene LHC was fabricated and tested for its device performance. The galvanostatic charge‐discharge analysis shows that the fabricated LiMn2O4∥graphene LHC device delivered a high specific capacitance of 59.45 F g−1 at a constant discharge current density of 0.4 A g−1 with a better coulombic efficiency of 97.9 %. The LiMn2O4∥graphene LHC device delivered a high specific energy of 39.96 Wh kg−1 at a power of 440 W kg−1 with better capacitance retention of 90.24 % even after 1000 cycles.
Electrodeposition of Ni/Ni(OH)2 Catalytic Films for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Produced by using Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Yuan Hao , Lunt Richard R. , Thompson Joseph I. , Ofoli Robert Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEffective artificial photosynthesis to produce hydrogen from water requires active, earth‐abundant, and low‐cost electrocatalysts. In this Communication, we present a novel electrodeposition method to produce Ni/Ni(OH)2 catalytic films in situ on conductive surfaces. The new method involves two cycles of cyclic voltammetry, and produces a catalytic film with a surface morphology consisting of a monolayer of firmly packed walnut‐shaped particles. It has superior catalytic activity compared to catalysts produced through traditional electrodeposition methods under constant current density. The method is a simpler and more cost‐effective way to fabricate highly effective hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts, creating large numbers of Ni(OH)2/Ni interfaces that shift the catalyst's performance significantly towards that of platinum.
Novel Ternary Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(lactic acid) from Sustainable Sources
Authors: Osada Irene , Hosseini S. Milad , Jeong Sangsik , Passerini Stefano 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn search of energy storage solutions, polymer electrolytes are particularly interesting, owing to their high intrinsic safety. We show for the first time a lithium metal polymer battery working with a polymer electrolyte based on poly(lactic acid), exhibiting a remarkably low charge‐transfer resistance. This polymer is produced from lactic acid, which can be obtained from waste and renewable sources. Thus, a significant fraction of fossil‐based raw materials could be eliminated from the production of battery components. By incorporation of the ionic liquid N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl) imide (Pyr14TFSI), fully amorphous, solvent‐free, very low‐volatile solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are obtained, which are shown to be thermally and electrochemically stable electrolytes in lithium metal polymer batteries. A lithium metal polymer battery with a composite lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode was successfully cycled with this electrolyte, showing its potential for applications. We conclude that alternatives to the benchmark poly(ethylene oxide), like ionic liquid plasticized polyester, are worthy of attention because of the low charge‐transfer resistance with lithium metal.
Diagnostics of calibration methods: model adequacy of UV‐based determinations
Authors: Erzengin Ömer Utku , Aktaş A. Hakan 
Published: November 2016

Models such as ordinary least squares, independent component analysis, principle component analysis, partial least squares, and artificial neural networks can be found in the calibration literature. Linear or nonlinear methods can be used to explain the structure of the same phenomenon. Each type of model has its own advantages with respect to the other. These methods are usually grouped taxonomically, but different models can sometimes be applied to the same data set. Taxonomically, ordinary least square and artificial neural network use completely different analytical procedures but are occasionally applied to the same data set. The aim of the study of methodological superiority is to compare the residuals of models because the model with the minimum error is preferred in real analyses. Calibration models, in general, are based on deterministic and stochastic parts; in other words, the data are equal to the model + the error. Explaining a model solely using statistics such as the coefficient of determination or its related significance values is sometimes inadequate. The errors of a model, also called its residuals, must have minimum variance compared to its alternatives. Additionally, the residuals must be unpredictable, uncorrelated, and symmetric. Under these conditions, the model can be considered adequate. In this study, calibration methods were applied to the raw materials, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride hydrochloride, of a drug, as well as a sample of the drug tablet. The applied chemical procedure was fast, simple, and reproducible. The various linear and nonlinear calibration methods mentioned above were applied, and the adequacy of the calibration methods was compared according to their residuals.
Decarboxylation as the Key Step in C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Patra Tuhin , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: November 2016

AbstractC−C bond forming reactions incarnate the core of organic synthesis because of their fundamental applications to molecular diversity and complexity. In recent years, use of carboxylic acid as one of the coupling partners in place of conventional organometallic reagents has seen an upsurge due to its potency to generate similar organometallic intermediates after decarboxylation. This Review provides an overview on the most recent progress in the field of C−C bond formation involving decarboxylation as a key step. Different important developments, which are not included in earlier Reviews in this area, have been summarized with representative examples and discussions on their reaction mechanisms.
An atlas‐ and data‐driven approach to initializing reaction‐diffusion systems in computer cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Hoogendoorn Corné , Sebastian Rafael , Rodriguez José Félix , Lekadir Karim , Frangi Alejandro F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe cardiac electrophysiology (EP) problem is governed by a nonlinear anisotropic reaction‐diffusion system with a very rapidly varying reaction term associated with the transmembrane cell current. The nonlinearity associated with the cell models requires a stabilization process before any simulation is performed. More importantly, when used in a 3‐dimensional (3D) anatomy, it is not sufficient to perform this stabilization on the basis of isolated cells only, since the coupling of the different cells through the tissue greatly modulates the dynamics of the system. Therefore, stabilization of the system must be performed on the entire 3D model. This work develops a novel procedure for the initialization of reaction‐diffusion systems for numerical simulations of cardiac EP from steady‐state conditions. We exploit surface point correspondence to establish volumetric point correspondence. Upon introduction of a new 3D anatomy with surface point correspondence, a prediction of the cell model steady states is derived from the set of earlier biophysical simulations. We show that the prediction error is typically less than 10% for all model variables, with most variables showing even greater accuracy. When initializing simulations with the predicted model states, it is demonstrated that simulation times can be cut by at least two‐thirds and potentially more, which saves hours or days of high‐performance computing. Overall, these results increase the clinical applicability of detailed computational EP studies on personalized anatomies.
Aerosol transport throughout inspiration and expiration in the pulmonary airways
Authors: Oakes Jessica M. , Shadden Shawn C. , Grandmont Céline , Vignon‐Clementel Irene E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLittle is known about transport throughout the respiration cycle in the conducting airways. It is challenging to appropriately describe the time‐dependent number of particles entering back into the model during exhalation. Modeling the entire lung is not feasible; therefore, multidomain methods must be used. Here, we present a new framework that is designed to simulate particles throughout the respiration cycle, incorporating realistic airway geometry and respiration. This framework is applied for a healthy rat lung exposed to ∼ 1μm diameter particles, chosen to facilitate parameterization and validation. The flow field is calculated in the conducting airways (3D domain) by solving the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with experimentally derived boundary conditions. Particles are tracked throughout inspiration by solving a modified Maxey‐Riley equation. Next, we pass the time‐dependent particle concentrations exiting the 3D model to the 1D volume conservation and advection‐diffusion models (1D domain). Once the 1D models are solved, we prescribe the time‐dependent number of particles entering back into the 3D airways to again solve for 3D transport. The coupled simulations highlight that about twice as many particles deposit during inhalation compared to exhalation for the entire lung. In contrast to inhalation, where most particles deposit at the bifurcation zones, particles deposit relatively uniformly on the gravitationally dependent side of the 3D airways during exhalation. Strong agreement to previously collected regional experimental data is shown, as the 1D models account for lobe‐dependent morphology. This framework may be applied to investigate dosimetry in other species and pathological lungs.
A Simple and Low‐Cost Procedure for Growing Geobacter sulfurreducens Cell Cultures and Biofilms in Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: O'Brien J. Patrick , Malvankar Nikhil S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnaerobic microorganisms play a central role in several environmental processes and regulate global biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and minerals. Many anaerobic microorganisms are important for the production of bioenergy and biofuels. However, the major hurdle in studying anaerobic microorganisms in the laboratory is the requirement for sophisticated and expensive gassing stations and glove boxes to create and maintain the anaerobic environment. This appendix presents a simple design for a gassing station that can be used readily by an inexperienced investigator for cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms. In addition, this appendix also details the low‐cost assembly of bioelectrochemical systems and outlines a simplified procedure for cultivating and analyzing bacterial cell cultures and biofilms that produce electric current, using Geobacter sulfurreducens as a model organism. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Electrolyte for Reversible Cycling of Sodium Metal and Intercalation Compounds
Authors: Schafzahl Lukas , Hanzu Ilie , Wilkening Martin , Freunberger Stefan A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNa battery chemistries show poor passivation behavior of low voltage Na storage compounds and Na metal with organic carbonate‐based electrolytes adopted from Li‐ion batteries. Therefore, a suitable electrolyte remains a major challenge for establishing Na batteries. Here we report highly concentrated sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) in dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolytes and investigate them for Na metal and hard carbon anodes and intercalation cathodes. For a DME/NaFSI ratio of 2, a stable passivation of anode materials was found owing to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface, which was characterized spectroscopically. This permitted non‐dentritic Na metal cycling with approximately 98 % coulombic efficiency as shown for up to 300 cycles. The NaFSI/DME electrolyte may enable Na‐metal anodes and allows for more reliable assessment of electrode materials in Na‐ion half‐cells, as is demonstrated by comparing half‐cell cycling of hard carbon anodes and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathodes with a widely used carbonate and the NaFSI/DME electrolyte.
A physical unclonable function based on a 2‐transistor subthreshold voltage divider
Authors: De Rose Raffaele , Crupi Felice , Lanuzza Marco , Albano Domenico 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a compact circuit solution for silicon‐based static physical unclonable functions (PUFs) is presented. The proposed solution exploits the variability of a simple voltage divider, implemented by two identical series‐connected nMOSFETs in a commercial 65‐nm CMOS process, to generate a random and stable nanokey. Both the transistors are biased in the subthreshold regime to enhance the output voltage dispersion and consequently the variability of the PUF response. The bit key generation is obtained by comparing the analog outputs of a pair of voltage dividers. Monte Carlo simulations on 10,000 samples have been performed to deduce the design guidelines for transistor sizing aimed at ensuring a high robustness of the PUF response against noise, supply voltage, and temperature variations. When compared with some state‐of‐the‐art PUF designs, the proposed circuit solution proves to be a promising and competitive candidate for implementing analog and static PUFs featuring small area occupancy, low‐power features, and high reliability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Template attacks exploiting static power and application to CMOS lightweight crypto‐hardware
Authors: Bellizia Davide , Djukanovic Milena , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA new class of template attacks aiming at recovering the secret key of a cryptographic core from measurements of its static power consumption is presented in this paper. These attacks exploit the dependence of the static current of Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor Integrated Circuits on the input vector and the maximum likelihood decision rule as a statistical distinguisher. In the proposed Template Attacks Exploiting Static Power (TAESP), we take advantage of the temperature dependence of static currents in order to build a new multivariate approach able to extract relevant information from cryptographic devices. As a validation case study, we consider the PRESENT‐80 block cypher algorithm and its implementation on a 40 nm Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. Monte Carlo and corner simulations at transistor level are used to show the effectiveness of the TAESP in the presence of die‐to‐die and intra‐die process variations. A real attack scenario is then built by adding Gaussian noise to current samples extracted from transistor‐level simulations. The univariate TAESP in which just one temperature is considered to build the templates is compared against the multivariate TAESP in which measurements at different controlled temperatures are exploited. This comparison shows that using just a few different temperatures to build multivariate templates allows to strongly increase the effectiveness of the attack. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 0.7 V, 2.7 μW, 12.9 ppm/° C over 180° C CMOS subthreshold voltage reference
Authors: Andreou Charalambos M. , Georgiou Julius 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAn all‐CMOS, low‐power, wide‐temperature‐range, curvature‐compensated voltage reference is presented. The proposed topology achieves a measured temperature coefficient of 12.9 ppm/°C for a wide temperature range of 180°C ( − 60 to 120°C) at a bias voltage of 0.7 V while consuming a mere 2.7 μW. The high‐order curvature compensation, which leads to a low‐temperature sensitivity of the reference voltage, is performed using a new, simple, but efficient methodology. The non‐linearities of an N‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (NMOS) device operated in subthreshold are combined with the non‐linearities of two different kinds of polysilicon resistors, leading to the improved performance. The extended temperature range of this voltage reference gives it an important competitive advantage, especially at lower temperatures, where prior art designs' performance deteriorate abruptly. In addition, it utilizes an innovative trimming methodology whereby two trimmable resistors enable the tuning of both the overall slope and non‐linearities of the temperature sensitivity. The design was fabricated using TowerJazz Semiconductor's CMOS 0.18 μm technology, without using diodes or any external components such as compensating capacitors. It has an area of 0.023 mm2 and is suitable for high‐performance power‐aware applications as well as applications operating in extreme temperatures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.