bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliciting diverse perspectives to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Fielding Kelly S. , Smith Liam D. G. , Church Emma K. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommunities have a strong role in protecting biodiversity. In addition to participation in restoration, a range of actions in the public or private sphere may support biodiversity. Despite this, there is a lack of clarity about what actions should be prioritized for behavior change campaigns. We developed and applied a method to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation that incorporates an expert‐based assessment of impact and a community‐informed measure of the likelihood of uptake. In stage 1, experts (n = 143) completed a survey that quantified the relative impact of actions based on best–worst scaling of perceived impact. In stage 2, surveyed community members (n = 3200) ranked the likelihood of adopting actions based on the ease or difficulty of performing each action, and the opportunity for change based on the proportion of respondents not yet engaging in each behavior. Experts gave the following actions the highest ranking for impact: voting for the environment (first), participating in restoration in ecological priority areas (second), and purchasing and protecting remnant bushland (third). When considering the disciplinary background and institutional background of experts, voting and participating in restoration activities remained in the upper ranked options. However, there was some divergence between these groups. For example, reducing beef consumption was ranked third by university‐based experts but ranked 28th by experts based in state government. Overall, community members ranked the following behaviors as most likely to be adopted: following quarantine laws (first), reducing plastic use (second), and managing pets (third). Top likelihood ranking of actions was minimally affected by community characteristics (nature relatedness, gender, location). Integrating these findings, the action ranked most favorably for impact, likelihood, and opportunity was participating in restoration. Choosing actions for behavior change campaigns requires consideration of the entire social–ecological system—from social factors that enable or constrain adoption to the ecological impact of actions across relevant social and ecological contexts.
Not all conservation “policy” is created equally: When does a policy give rise to legally binding obligations?
Authors: Bell‐James Justine , Foster Rose , Frohlich Miguel , Archibald Carla , Benham Claudia , Evans Megan , Fidelman Pedro , Morrison Tiffany , Rolim Baggio Liza , Billings Peter , Shumway Nicole 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn many countries, complex environmental problems such as biodiversity decline are regulated at the national level by a disparate range of laws and nonstatutory policy instruments variously described by terms including plans, strategies, guidelines, statements of intent, and/or incentives. Such instruments are often grouped together by conservation policymakers and scientists under the umbrella term “policy.” However, from a legal perspective, there are critical differences between these so‐called policy instruments. In this paper, we focus on what we consider to be the critical difference: whether a policy instrument is binding, and therefore whether an administrative decision (e.g., about a development proposal) can be legally challenged due to noncompliance with that policy instrument. Drawing from international examples, the aim of this paper is to give conservation policymakers and scientists the guidance needed to critically differentiate between laws and nonstatutory policy, assess current or proposed policies, and determine whether a nonstatutory instrument gives rise to binding obligations, thus allowing for decisions to be challenged before a court. In doing so, we encourage conservation scientists, policymakers, activists, and practitioners to reflect critically on what is possible and not possible when nonstatutory “policy” instruments are designed and implemented.
Effect of blockage of Trem1 on the M1 polarization of macrophages in the regulation dental pulp inflammation
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Jiang Wen‐Rui , Xu Li , Zhou Mei‐Yun , Huang Yong‐Song 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDental pulp inflammation is a common and significant factor related to poor dental prognosis. Current treatment strategies primarily concentrate on managing the inflammatory response, with specific targets for intervention still under investigation. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a group of receptor molecules extensively present on myeloid cell surfaces, crucial in the regulation of inflammatory process. Our analysis of transcriptomic sequencing data from clinical pulp samples of dataset GSE77459 and animal models revealed up‐regulation of Trem1 during pulpitis. Administration of the Trem1‐blocking peptide LP17 led to lower (more than 1‐fold) levels of several pro‐inflammatory factors and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. This study of the expression patterns and functions of Trem1 in the development of dental pulp inflammation provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for clinical pulpitis.
The role of inventory in firm resilience to the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dodd Olga , Liao Shushu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the role of inventory in corporate resilience to Covid‐19 in 2020, which triggered exogenous shocks to consumer demand, commodity prices and supply chains. Unexpected drops in consumer demand and commodity prices increase the costs of inventory. Conversely, inventory holdings can buffer against supply disruptions. Empirically, US firms with higher inventory experienced more negative stock market responses early in the crisis due to falling consumer demand. However, since May 2020, inventory has become valuable as a hedge against supply disruptions, improving firm performance. During Covid‐19, unlike other crises, inventory played a unique role as a hedge against supply disruptions.
Neonatal Fc receptor is a functional receptor for classical human astrovirus
Authors: Haga Kei , Tokui Takashi , Miyamoto Kana , Takai‐Todaka Reiko , Kudo Shiori , Ishikawa Azusa , Ishiyama Ryoka , Kato Akiko , Yokoyama Masaru , Katayama Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Akira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is a global cause of gastroenteritis in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, the molecular mechanisms that control its susceptibility are not fully understood, as the functional receptor used by the virus has yet to be identified. Here, a genome‐wide CRISPR‐Cas9 library screen in Caco2 cells revealed that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) can function as a receptor for classical HAstV (Mamastrovirus genotype 1). Deletion of FCGRT or B2M, which encode subunits of FcRn, rendered Caco2 cells and intestinal organoid cells resistant to HAstV infection. We also showed that human FcRn expression renders non‐susceptible cells permissive to viral infection and that FcRn binds directly to the HAstV spike protein. Therefore, our findings provide insight into the entry mechanism of HAstV into susceptible cells. We anticipate that this information can be used to develop new therapies targeting human astroviruses, providing new strategies to treat this global health issue.
Spectra of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions in the extrahepatic biliary system: a case series
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Esnakula Ashwini K , Jain Shilpa , Lin Jingmei , Panarelli Nicole , Pyatibrat Sergey , Karamchandani Dipti M 
Published: September 2024

AimsNeuroendocrine tumours (NETs) occurring in the extrahepatic biliary system are exceedingly rare. While NETs typically manifest as mass lesions, the occurrence of microscopic neuroendocrine cell proliferation without a distinct mass remains undocumented at this location. This study aims to characterise the clinicopathological features of a series of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions involving the extrahepatic biliary tree, including mass forming NETs and microscopic non‐mass‐forming neuroendocrine cell proliferation, designated neuroendocrine cell micronests (NCMs).Methods and resultsSurgical resections of NETs/NCMs involving the extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder were identified from electronic pathology databases among seven institutions spanning from January 2011 to September 2023. Clinical and histological findings were recorded. Ten patients (four female, six male: age range = 34–75 years) were included in the study. Histopathological examination revealed visible mass‐forming lesions in four cases (1.6–14.0 cm in size), identified in the gallbladder (n = two) or extrahepatic bile duct (n = two), all diagnosed as well‐differentiated NETs. The remaining six cases revealed incidental non‐mass‐forming NCMs in either the cystic duct (n = two), common bile duct (n = three) or gallbladder (n = one), ranging from < 0.1 to 0.4 cm; four were associated with biliary lithiasis. No evidence of metastasis or recurrence was seen in the follow‐up period (range = 0.1–11.2 years).ConclusionsThis study highlights the spectrum of extrahepatic biliary well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions, ranging from incidental microscopic NCMs to grossly apparent mass‐forming NETs, potentially requiring different clinical management. Noteworthy is the frequent association of incidental microscopic neuroendocrine cell proliferations with biliary lithiasis, indicating a potential neuroendocrine metaplastic pathogenesis that merits further exploration.
Association of left atrial function with frailty: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Sun Daokun , Parikh Romil R. , Wang Wendy , Eaton Anne , Lutsey Pamela L. , Windham B. Gwen , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Solomon Scott D. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Shah Amil M. , Chen Lin Yee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is common in people with cardiovascular disease. Worse left atrial (LA) function is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, whether worse LA function is associated with frailty is unclear.MethodsWe included 3292 older adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were non‐frail at baseline (visit 5, 2011–2013) and had LA function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) measured from two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. LA stiffness index was calculated as a ratio of E/e′ to LA reservoir strain. Frailty was defined using the validated Fried frailty phenotype. Incident frailty was assessed between 2016 and 2019 during two follow‐up visits. LA function was analyzed as quintiles. Multivariable logistic regression examined odds of incident frailty.ResultsMedian (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 74 (71–77) years, 58% were female, and 214 (7%) participants developed frailty during a median (IQR) follow‐up of 6.3 (5.6–6.8) years. After adjusting for baseline confounders and incident cardiovascular events during follow‐up, the odds of developing frailty was 2.42 (1.26–4.66) times greater among participants in the lowest (vs highest) quintile of LA reservoir strain and 2.41 (1.11–5.22) times greater among those in the highest (vs lowest) quintile of LA stiffness index. Worse LA function was significantly associated with the development of exhaustion, but not the other components of the Fried frailty phenotype.ConclusionsWorse LA function is associated with higher incidence of frailty and exhaustion component independent of LA size and left ventricular function. Future studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that drive the observed association.
‘Let me see it through your eyes’: Teaching grammar‐for‐writing as imaginative embodiment
Authors: Healey Brett 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffective professional development (PD) in teaching writing involves supporting teachers' knowledge of the writer's craft, including their thinking processes, linguistic knowledge and practical strategies for teaching these. Grammar‐for‐writing approaches support teachers' knowledge of how grammar creates meaningful effects in writing. While training initiatives support teachers' knowledge of writing processes, more is needed to transfer process knowledge into effective teaching. Synthesising “writerly processes” with grammar‐for‐writing strategies may support teachers' classroom practice. This article explores the development of a workshop for teachers on a novel imaginative embodiment approach for teaching narrative writing, which links imaginative thinking and linguistic knowledge. The article reports on a study with Year 5 international school teachers in Hong Kong and their perceived efficacy of the approach after trialling it in their classrooms throughout a narrative writing unit, with the purpose of informing future teacher training. Findings from semi‐structured interviews showed that teachers perceived imaginative embodiment as supporting their “insider” understanding of writing processes through purposeful and specific strategies resulting in student improvements. However, unfamiliarity with the approach and insecure linguistic subject knowledge resulted in a steep learning curve. It is argued that imaginative embodiment training may develop teachers' understanding of, and strategies for, teaching the link between narrative imagination and grammatical choice, but training should cater to teachers' prior linguistic knowledge.
Organoleptic, chemical composition, and histology of fresh vs. fried Indonesian anchovies (Stolephorus sp.)
Authors: Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb  , Nurjanah MS  , Hidayat Taufik , Siagian Ikhsan 
Published: September 2024

Fried anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is a popular food in Indonesia due to its good taste and ample availability and affordability. Yet, the actual nutritional aspects of this local dish remain uninvestigated. This study imed to determine the best temperature and time for frying anchovies and to compare the histology and fatty acid and cholesterol profiles of fresh and fried anchovy meat. Anchovies were fried at 160 °C or 180 °C for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, and the best frying conditions, namely at 180°C for 15 minutes, were established from the highest organoleptic test scores from a tasting panel assessment. Histologically, fried anchovy meat became shrunk, compact, and brittle, as explained by identified myomere changes. The fatty acid profile of fresh vs. fried anchovies revealed a marked reversal in omega-6: omega-3 ratios, and fried anchovies contained more cholesterol than fresh ones (0.825 mg/100 g vs. 0.270 mg/100 g, respectively). These changes were triggered by the use of oil and the temperature-driven chemical changes inherent to the frying process. Having investigated the organoleptic and nutritional aspects of frying anchovy meat, we propose the results of this investigation as a guide for dietary decisions and as a reference for further investigation on the subject.
Why Biological Cells Cannot Stay Spherical?
Authors: Krichen S. , Liu L. , Sharma P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Biological cells are almost never truly spherical, even in the absence of an obvious cause that disrupts the cell’s symmetry. Using rather simple energy considerations, we show that even though all real biological cells are subject to a completely radial electric field along the cell membrane, the spherical shape is unstable under most practical situations. This simple result appears to have been overlooked in the literature.
Numerical Prediction of Inlet Geometry Influence on the In-Duct Acoustics of Small Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Broatch Alberto , Navarro Roberto , García-Tíscar Jorge , Roig Ferran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Small centrifugal compressors are employed to boost automotive internal combustion engines or hydrogen fuel cells, amongst other applications. In many scopes, the overall intensity and quality of noise emission is a major concern, so many researchers develop and assess numerical models to predict acoustic spectra. In this work, detached Eddy simulations (DES) of a vaneless centrifugal compressor are conducted to assess the impact of intake geometries on its aeroacoustic performance. Experimental measurements are employed as a means of validation. Flow field analysis and Dynamic Mode Decomposition allow us to analyze the underlying mechanisms of the most relevant acoustic features. This work provides insight into the implications for noise generation of employing tight elbows due to packaging constraints.
Reproduction of Three-Dimensional Microstructures on Inconel 718 Utilizing Laser-Textured PECM Cathodes
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Frank Alexander , Schäfer Mareike , Guo Y. B. , Bähre Dirk 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pulse electrochemical machining (PECM) is an unconventional material removal process, widely applied to machine or shape difficult-to-machine materials. A new concept of reproducing three-dimensional (3D) microstructures has been developed and elaborated. Picosecond laser was utilized to produce concave or convex patterns on PECM cathodes, and pattern replication was carried out to PECM anodes. The laser achieved high machining precision and excellent surface integrity; both patterns were successfully replicated on the anodes. However, considerable deviations were found in the reproduced concave patterns on the anodes, possibly due to the rounding and widening effects.
Design and Motion Planning of a Cable Robot Utilizing Cable Slackness
Authors: Zhang Nan , Teng Long 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Extending the workspace of cable robots can enhance their motion ability and help us make fuller use of their potential. This work designs a novel cable robot and utilizes cable slackness to extend its workspace. First, we use driving cables actuated by main motors and constrained cables driven by auxiliary motors equipped with lockers to control and restrain the motion of the end-effector, respectively. Then we classify the constraints on the end-effector into different modes according to the slackness of different constrained cables whose lengths can be changed by auxiliary motors, and continuous tension distribution (realized by tensioning devices) is applied to switch among them. To expand the mechanism’s workspace, the properties of the constraint mode series are analyzed and the static reachable workspace associated with it is defined, which guarantees the existence of feasible point-to-point trajectories. In particular, tree-based basic and general constraint mode series connection algorithms are designed to connect two targets in the static reachable workspace efficiently considering the necessary condition for the existence of the connection. After that, dual workspaces and subspace-based motion planning algorithms are designed to connect multiple targets in the static reachable workspace of the mechanism, and the quality of the trajectories is improved by using different manipulations of the constraint mode series. Since only driving cables are actuated by real-time capable servo motors and passively constrained cables are adopted to compensate for the weight of the end-effector, the size and the number of actuators and the energy consumption of the robot are reduced. Finally, the performance of the mechanism designed and the motion planning methods proposed are verified numerically under practical modeling errors regarding the cable elongation phenomenon.
HIV-1 Vpr-induced DNA damage activates NF-κB through ATM-NEMO independent of cell cycle arrest
Authors: Sandoval Carina , Nisson Karly , Fregoso Oliver I. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Lentiviruses encode a number of multi-functional accessory proteins, however, the primary role of the accessory protein Vpr remains unclear. As Vpr engages the host DNA damage response (DDR) at multiple steps, modulation of the DDR is considered central to the function(s) of Vpr. Vpr activates ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 (ATR)-mediated DDR signaling, resulting in cell cycle arrest. However, the cellular consequences of Vpr-induced DNA damage, and the connection of Vpr-induced DNA damage to other Vpr functions, are unknown. Here, we determined that HIV-1 Vpr-induced DNA damage activates the ATM-NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) pathway and alters cellular transcription via NF-κB/RelA. Through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells expressing Vpr or mutants that separate the ability of Vpr to induce DNA damage from other DDR phenotypes, we identified that Vpr alters the transcriptome independent of cell cycle arrest. In tissue-cultured U2OS cells and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), we showed Vpr activates both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and NF-κB/RelA signaling cascades. While inhibition of NEMO did not affect Vpr-induced DNA damage, it prevented NF-κB activation by Vpr, highlighting the importance of NEMO in Vpr-mediated transcriptional reprogramming. Virion-delivered Vpr was sufficient to induce DNA damage and activate ATM-NEMO dependent NF-κB transcription, suggesting that engagement of the DDR and transcriptional changes can occur early during viral replication. Together, our data uncover cellular consequences of Vpr-induced DNA damage and provide a mechanism for how Vpr activates NF-κB through DNA damage and ATM-NEMO signaling, which occur independent of cell cycle arrest. We propose this is essential to overcoming restrictive environments, such as in macrophages, to enhance viral replication.

IMPORTANCE

The HIV accessory protein Vpr is multi-functional and required for viral replication
in vivo
, yet how Vpr enhances viral replication is unknown. Emerging literature suggests that a conserved function of Vpr is the engagement of the host DNA damage response (DDR). For example, Vpr activates DDR signaling, causes DDR-dependent cell cycle arrest, promotes degradation of various DDR proteins, and alters cellular consequences of DDR activation. However, a central understanding of how these phenotypes connect and how they affect HIV-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we found that Vpr-induced DNA damage alters the host transcriptome by activating an essential transcription pathway, NF-κB. This occurs early during the infection of primary human immune cells, suggesting NF-κB activation and transcriptome remodeling are important for establishing productive HIV-1 infection. Together, our study provides novel insights into how Vpr alters the host environment through the DDR, and what roles Vpr and the DDR play to enhance HIV replication.
Prediction of CO2 content in mid-ocean ridge basalts via a machine learning approach
Authors: Lei Tian-Ting , Liu Jia , Xia Qun-Ke , Zhou Jing-Jun , Luan Zhi-Kang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the primary locations of mafic magma production on Earth is the global mid-ocean ridge system. The basalts erupted along ridges probe the upper mantle and can be used to explore the deep carbon cycle. However, mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) degas heavily during magma ascent. Some incompatible-trace-element–depleted and –enriched MORBs avoid heavy degassing, and show a narrow range of CO2/Ba, which have been used to reconstruct the pre-eruptive CO2 content of primitive MORB. With an increasing amount of data, however, it has become apparent that the CO2/Ba ratios of MORBs vary significantly. We compiled a data set of the geochemical compositions of MORB glasses and melt inclusions that are not degassed significantly and used a supervised machine learning model to accurately predict CO2 contents of individual samples from the concentrations of selected elements. This approach reveals that predicted CO2 contents and CO2/Ba ratios of global MORBs are highly variable, highlighting the significance of mantle heterogeneity, which can be attributed to the interactions with deep-sourced plumes or recycled crust (oceanic crust with or without sediments). Our findings underscore the potential of machine learning as a powerful tool for investigating the intricate interplay between carbon, mantle composition, and Earth's long-term geological processes.