bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B cell, CD8+ T cell and gamma delta T cell lymphocytic alveolitis alters alveolar immune cell homeostasis in HIV-infected Malawian adults
Authors: Mwale Andrew , Hummel Annemarie , Mvaya Leonard , Kamng'ona Raphael , Chimbayo Elizabeth , Phiri Joseph , Malamba Rose , Kankwatira Anstead , Mwandumba Henry C , Jambo Kondwani C 
Published: October 2017

Background: HIV infection is associated with increased risk to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung is not well defined. We sought to comprehensively characterise the impact of HIV infection on immune cell populations in the lung.Methods: Twenty HIV-uninfected controls and 17 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adults were recruited from Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte and myeloid cell populations was done on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood cells.Results: We found that the numbers of CD8+T cells, B cells and gamma delta T cells were higher in BAL fluid of HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05). In contrast, there was no difference in the numbers of alveolar CD4+T cells in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (p=0.7065). Intermediate monocytes were the predominant monocyte subset in BAL fluid (HIV-, 63%; HIV+ 81%), while the numbers of classical monocytes was lower in HIV-infected individuals compared to HIV-uninfected adults (p=0.0006). The proportions of alveolar macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells was lower in HIV-infected adults compared to HIV-uninfected controls (all p<0.05).Conclusions: Chronic HIV infection is associated with broad alteration of immune cell populations in the lung, but does not lead to massive depletion of alveolar CD4+T cells. Disruption of alveolar immune cell homeostasis likely explains in part the susceptibility for LRTIs in HIV-infected adults.
About Defining the Borders of Radioactive Contamination Zones as a Result of Large Radiation Accidents. Message I. Post-Accident Analysis of Chernobyl Zoning Experience
Authors: Скоробогатов А. , Skorobogatov A. , Герменчук М. , Germenchuk M. , Симонов А. , Simonov A. , Жукова О. , Zhukova O. , Апанасюк О. , Apanasyuk O. , Голиков Ю. , Golikov Yu. , Буланцева Т. , Bulanceva T. , Лупач Л. , Lupach L. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Retrospective analysis of the process of defining the zones of radioactive contamination zones formed after the Chernobyl accident.
Results: Summary of events related to liquidation of the Chernobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident consequences is given in the context of defining the radioactive contamination zones.
Experience of zoning of the territories exposed to radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl NPP accident during 1986–2015 in Belarus and the Russian Federation has revealed the following:
- Zones of radioactive contamination as a result of the ChNPP accident have been finally defined by the regulatory-legal acts only by 1991 – in five years after the Chernobyl accident;
- At present, the zones of radioactive contamination zones legally correspond to the borders of settlements that were given a certain status of the radioactively contaminated territory.
This leads, in particular, to paradoxical "automatic" reduction of radioactive contamination zonesareas due to abolition of settlements with no inhabitants. Absence of the established borders of radioactive contamination zones creates difficulties in substantiation of the measures related to radiation monitoring, rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated areas and their return to economic circulation.
Conclusions: Experience of eliminating mitigation of the Chernobyl NPP accident consequences shows that the absence of modern and scientifically justified procedures of defining the borders of radioactive contamination zones results not only in an inadequate assessment of the scales of consequences, but also does not allow effective differentiating the inventory and scale of necessary measures on population protection.
Radiation Situation in Workplaces of the Personnel at the Ground Facilities of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association
Authors: Шандала Н. , Shandala N. , Маренный А. , Marennyy A. , Исаев Д. , Isaev D. , Титов А. , Titov A. , Киселев С. , Kiselev S. , Семенова М. , Semenova M. , Нефедов Н. , Nefedov N. , Астафуров В. , Astafurov V. , Журавлёва Л. , Zhurvleva L. , Мареннный М. , Marennnyy M. , Хохлова Е. , Hohlova E. , Уйба В. , Uyba V. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose: To obtain data of radiation survey in workplaces of the personnel of the Priargun Production Mountain Chemical Association (OJSC PPMCA), who work at the premises of the ground facilities.
Material and methods: In the course of the radiation survey. Integral track methods were used to measure radon activity concentration by REI-1 track cameras of the TRACK-REI-1M kit.
To assess the activity balance factor between radon and its radionuclide progenies, short term measurements of radon activity concentration (AC) and effective equilibrium concentration (EEC) of radon by handle radiometers of radon and its progenies. Gamma dose rate was measured by handle dosimeters.
Results: Annual AC, EEC and effective dose due to radon and external gamma exposures in workplaces at the ground facilities of OJSC PPMCA have been obtained. Total number of the inspected workshops is 138, including 121 workshops occupied by the A group personnel, and 17 – by the B group personnel.
Conclusions: It was shown that annual doses 20 mSv could be exceeded for the A group personnel who work at three workshops shaft 8K of the mine-2, one workshop of building 630A of the Hydro-metallurgical Plant and one workshop of shaft 5 B of G mine.
In the workshops of the B group personnel, 5 mSv annual effective doses can be exceeded 2 and more times at the premises of canteen number 18 and administrative domestic building of mine-2.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water of Al-Kahlaa River in Missan Province, Iraq
Authors: Jazza Salih Hassan , Al-Adhub Abdul Hussain Y. , Al-Saad Hamid T. 
Published: October 2017

The present study was performed to have knowledge of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonspollution status in water. The samples were collected during two seasons (winter and summer 2012 ,2013) from four different stations) Al-Magideh, Treatment unit, Al-Husaichi and Al-Zubair) distributed along Al-KahlaaRiver in Missan province, in addition to reference station lies on the Tigris river before 25 Km from entering to Amara city. The concentrations of PAHs were determined in by using capillary Gas Chromatography. Results of the present study revealed that the total concentrations of PAHs in dissolved fraction ranged from 0.739 ng.l-1 in Reference station to 1.974 ng.l-1 in Treatment unit during winter, and from 0.300 ng.l-1 in Reference station to 1.125 ng.l-1 in Treatment unit during summer, while in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng.g-1 dry weight in Reference station to 24.42 ng.g-1 dry weight in Treatment unit during winter, and from 4.369 ng.g-1 dry weight in Reference station to 10.545 ng.g-1 dry weight in Al-Husaich during summer. It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight, while BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio in water ranged from 0.218 to 0.804. InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0 and 0.578,whereas Fl/Pyratio ranged between 0.150 and 2 ,this give an indication of the origin of PAHs compounds in water which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them petrogenic. Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, water, pollution
The Growth of Sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni After Transverse Induced Fission in Two and Three Fission Plane
Authors: Hartati Retno , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Endrawati Hadi 
Published: October 2017

Transverse induced fission proven could be done in Teripang Tril, Stichopus herrmanni. This present works aimed to analyze wound recovery, regeneration period and growth of Teripang Trill after asexual reproduction by fission using two and three fission plane. Observations were made every day until the sea cucumber body separated into two or more (depending on treatment) and reared for 16 weeks. The results showed that there are differences in wound recovery, regeneration period and growth of S. herrmanni depend on their different fission plane. The wound recovery and regeneration period (days) of anterior, middle and posterior individu S. herrmanni resulted from two and three fission plane were varied but the two fission plane the anterior individu recover for longer period than posterior part and the wound recover process in both end for thee fission plane was same. Average growth of anterior and posterior fragment were longer for two fission plane than three fission plane. The middle fragment (M1 and M2) both fission plane was able to grow but very low. It showed that three fission plane gave very slow growth in every fragment of the body. Keywords: growth, post-fission, fission plane, Stichopus herrmanni
Monitoring Mercury (Hg) Pollution at Ambon Bay: the Use of Apogon beauforti as Bioindicator
Authors: Rumahlatu Dominggus , Huliselan Estevanus K. 
Published: October 2017

Contamination of mercury (Hg) in the sea is one of global issues, including the waters of bay inside the Ambon Island. This research was conducted to monitor heavy metal pollution (Hg) in Ambon bay using Apogon beauforti. This study was conducted by using exploratory survey on physical-chemical environmental factors (temperature, salinity, pH, DO). Hg levels in water, sediments, and A. beuforti were measured, as well as the differences in the morphology of the gills of fish. The sampling technique used in this research was a purposive sampling technique. The environmental factor data were collected in-situ during east and the west season in year 2013 and 2014. The levels of mercury were measured by Atomic Absorbsion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics. The results showed increasing temperature, salinity and pH within one year (2013-2014) at four different stations. There was a decrease in the levels of Hg concentration in sea water, sediments and A. beauforti at four stations, even though it still remained above the Threshold Limit Value (TLV). The gills of A. beauforti showed dark red, pale and blackish colors indicating the accumulation of heavy metals Hg. Keywords: monitoring, marine pollution, heavy metals Hg, Apogon beauforti, Ambon
Physiological Response of Thallasia hemprichii on Antrophogenic Pressure In Pari Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Hikmat , Bengen Dietriech G. , Kawaroe Mujizat 
Published: October 2017

Seagrass ecosystem is one of tropical marine ecosystem and have important function. The function of ecosystem like a feeding and nursery ground for marine biota. Antrophogenic pressure is one of threat for seagrass ecosystem sustainability. This research study about effect antropogenic pressure for seagrass Thallasia hemprichii physiology response in some different location at Great Barrier Pari Island. The physiology response study cover growth, heavy metal bioaccumulation and histology analysis. The result shows that growth of leaf and rhizome Thalassia hemprichii have positif correlation with nutrient consentration in environment. The highest growth of leaf Thalassia hemprichii at 2nd station (4.16 mm.day-1) and the highest growth of rhizome Thalassia hemprichii at 4th station (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass can accumulation heavy metal from environment. The highest heavy metal accumulation is Pb. Not correlation between heavy metal consentration in seagrass with heavy metal concentration from environment. Analysis histology result that not damage seagrass tissue in all research station. Keyword : Bioacumulation,Growth,Physiology,Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichiiSeagrass ecosystems is one of the tropical marine ecosystems that have important functions, among others as a feeding and nursery ground for marine life. Anthropogenic stress is one of the threats that may inhibit the survival of seagrass ecosystems. This study examines the effects of anthropogenic pressures on physiological responses of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii at several different locations in Pari Islands. Physiological responses studied were leaves and rhizome growth, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histological tissue analysis on seagrass. The results showed that the growth response of seagrass has a positive correlation with the nutrients in the environment. Seagrass leaf growth is highest at Station 2 (4.16 mm.day-1) and rhizome growth is highest at Station 4 (1.3 mm.day-1). Seagrass accumulate heavy metals from the environment and accumulation of heavy metals is highest on Pb. There is no correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the seagrass and environment. The results of histological analysis showed that there was no damage to the tissue of seagrass leaf and rhizome. Keywords : Bio-acumulation, Growth, Physiology, Seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii
Glutathione (GSH) Production as Protective Adaptation Against Light Regime Radiation of Symbiodinium Natural Population
Authors: Muhaemin Moh , Soedharma Dedi , Madduppa Hawis H , Zamani Neviaty Putri 
Published: October 2017

Glutathione (GSH), as a wide range of low molecular weight, which found in marine microalgae and event bacteria, are essential to prevent photooxidation and productivity loss from these Radical Oxigen Species (ROS). Symbiodinium, endo-symbiont of corals, were exposed with different UV radiation combined with irradiance treatments to explore biomass specific initial response. Intracellular glutahione was observed as potential adaptive response of Symbiodinium population under environmental specific stress. The result showed that GSH production increased significantly with increasing irradiance and/or UV levels. GSH concentration was fluctuated among populations exposed by different irradiance treatments, but not effected by UV and irradiance exposure. GSH production as a response of UV exposure was higher than irradiance treatments. Both these high correlative fluctuation of intracellular GSH production and the presence of both treatments indicated protective specific adaptation of Symbiodinium under specific environmental stress, respectively. Keywords: zooxanthellae, irradiance, glutathione (GSH), corals, Fungia
Optimizing a Treadmill Ramp Protocol to Evaluate Aerobic Capacity of Hemiparetic Poststroke Patients
Authors: Bernardes Wendell L. , Montenegro Rafael A. , Monteiro Walace D. , de Almeida Freire Raul , Massaferri Renato , Farinatti Paulo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Bernardes, WL, Montenegro, RA, Monteiro, WD, de Almeida Freire, R, Massaferri, R, and Farinatti, P. Optimizing a treadmill ramp protocol to evaluate aerobic capacity of hemiparetic poststroke patients. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 876–884, 2018—A correct assessment of cardiopulmonary capacity is important for aerobic training within motor rehabilitation of poststroke hemiparetic patients (PSHPs). However, specific cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for these patients are scarce. We proposed adaptations in a protocol originally developed for PSHPs by Ovando et al. (CPET1). We hypothesized that our adapted protocol (CPET2) would improve the original test, by preventing early fatigue and increasing patients' peak performance. Eleven PSHPs (52 ± 14 years, 10 men) performed both protocols. CPET2 integrated changes in final speed (100–120% vs. 140% maximal speed in 10-m walking test), treadmill inclination (final inclination of 5 vs. 10%), and estimated test duration (10 vs. 8 minutes) to smooth the rate of workload increment of CPET1. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak) (20.3 ± 6.1 vs. 18.6 ± 5.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.04), V̇o
2 at gas exchange transition (V̇o
2-GET) (11.5 ± 2.9 vs. 9.8 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.04), and time to exhaustion (10 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 2 minutes; p < 0.001) were higher in CPET2 than in CPET1. Slopes and intercepts of regressions describing relationships between V̇o
2 vs. workload, heart rate vs. workload, and V̇o
2 vs. heart rate were similar between CPETs. However, standard errors of estimates obtained for regressions between heart rate vs. workload (3.0 ± 1.3 vs. 3.8 ± 1.0 b·min−1; p = 0.004) and V̇o
2 vs. heart rate (6.0 ± 2.1 vs. 4.8 ± 2.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; p = 0.05) were lower in CPET2 than in CPET1. In conclusion, the present adaptations in Ovando's CPET protocol increased exercise tolerance of PSHPs, eliciting higher V̇o
2peak and V̇o
2-GET, preventing earlier fatigue, and providing better physiological relationships along submaximal workloads.
Optogenetic Inhibition Reveals Distinct Roles for Basolateral Amygdala Activity at Discrete Time Points during Risky Decision Making
Authors: Orsini Caitlin A. , Hernandez Caesar M. , Singhal Sarthak , Kelly Kyle B. , Frazier Charles J. , Bizon Jennifer L. , Setlow Barry 
Published: October 2017

Decision making is a multifaceted process, consisting of several distinct phases that likely require different cognitive operations. Previous work showed that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a critical substrate for decision making involving risk of punishment; however, it is unclear how the BLA is recruited at different stages of the decision process. To this end, the current study used optogenetics to inhibit the BLA during specific task phases in a model of risky decision making (risky decision-making task) in which rats choose between a small, “safe” reward and a large reward accompanied by varying probabilities of footshock punishment. Male Long–Evans rats received intra-BLA microinjections of viral vectors carrying either halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0-mCherry) or mCherry alone (control) followed by optic fiber implants and were trained in the risky decision-making task. Laser delivery during the task occurred during intertrial interval, deliberation, or reward outcome phases, the latter of which was further divided into the three possible outcomes (small, safe; large, unpunished; large, punished). Inhibition of the BLA selectively during the deliberation phase decreased choice of the large, risky outcome (decreased risky choice). In contrast, BLA inhibition selectively during delivery of the large, punished outcome increased risky choice. Inhibition had no effect during the other phases, nor did laser delivery affect performance in control rats. Collectively, these data indicate that the BLA can either inhibit or promote choice of risky options, depending on the phase of the decision process in which it is active.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo date, most behavioral neuroscience research on neural mechanisms of decision making has used techniques that preclude assessment of distinct phases of the decision process. Here we show that optogenetic inhibition of the BLA has opposite effects on choice behavior in a rat model of risky decision making, depending on the phase in which inhibition occurs. BLA inhibition during a period of deliberation between small, safe and large, risky outcomes decreased risky choice. In contrast, BLA inhibition during receipt of the large, punished outcome increased risky choice. These findings highlight the importance of temporally targeted approaches to understand neural substrates underlying complex cognitive processes. More importantly, they reveal novel information about dynamic BLA modulation of risky choice.
Basolateral Amygdala Neurons Maintain Aversive Emotional Salience
Authors: Sengupta Auntora , Yau Joanna O.Y. , Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel Philip , Liu Yu , Millan E. Zayra , Power John M. , McNally Gavan P. 
Published: October 2017

BLA neurons serve a well-accepted role in fear conditioning and fear extinction. However, the specific learning processes related to their activity at different times during learning remain poorly understood. We addressed this using behavioral tasks isolating distinct aspects of fear learning in male rats. We show that brief optogenetic inhibition of BLA neurons around moments of aversive reinforcement or nonreinforcement causes reductions in the salience of conditioned stimuli, rendering these stimuli less able to be learned about and less able to control fear or safety behaviors. This salience reduction was stimulus-specific, long-lasting, and specific to learning about, or responding to, the same aversive outcome, precisely the goals of therapeutic interventions in human anxiety disorders. Our findings identify a core learning process disrupted by brief BLA optogenetic inhibition. They show that a primary function of the unconditioned stimulus-evoked activity of BLA neurons is to maintain the salience of conditioned stimuli that precede it. This maintenance of salience is a necessary precursor for these stimuli to gain and maintain control over fear and safety behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe amygdala is essential for learning to fear and learning to reduce fear. However, the specific roles served by activity of different amygdala neurons at different times during learning is poorly understood. We used behavioral tasks isolating distinct aspects of learning in rats to show that brief optogenetic inhibition of BLA neurons around moments of reinforcement or nonreinforcement disrupts maintenance of conditioned stimulus salience. This causes a stimulus-specific and long-lasting deficit in the ability of the conditioned stimulus to be learned about or control fear responses. These consequences are the precisely goals of therapeutic interventions in human anxiety disorders. Our findings identify a core learning process disrupted by brief BLA optogenetic inhibition.
Development and validation of the Parents’ Perceived Self-Efficacy to Manage Children’s Internet Use Scale for parents of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Ping , Chou Wen-Jiun , Wang Peng-Wei , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: October 2017

Background and aims
This study developed and validated the Parents’ Perceived Self-Efficacy to Manage Children’s Internet Use Scale (PSMIS) in the parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
In total, 231 parents of children with ADHD were invited to complete the PSMIS, followed by the Chen Internet Addiction Scale and the short version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale – Chinese version for analyzing Internet addiction severity and ADHD symptoms, respectively.

Results
The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the four-factor structure of the 18-item PSMIS. The significant difference in the levels of parents’ perceived self-efficacy between the parents of children with and without Internet addiction supported the criterion-related validity of the PSMIS. The internal consistency and 1-month test–retest reliability were acceptable.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the PSMIS has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used for measuring parents’ perceived self-efficacy to manage children’s Internet use among parents of children with ADHD.