bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TIDAL FILAMENT OF NGC 4660
Authors: Kemp S. N. , Martínez-Robles C. , Márquez-Lugo R. A. , Zepeda-García D. , Franco-Hernández R. , Nigoche-Netro A. , Ramos-Larios G. , Navarro S. G. , Corral L. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
NGC 4660, in the Virgo cluster, is a well-studied elliptical galaxy which has a strong disk component (D/T approximately 0.2–0.3). The central regions, including the disk component, have stellar populations approximately 12–13 Gyr in age, based on SAURON studies. However, we report the discovery of a long, narrow tidal filament associated with the galaxy, as seen in deep co-added Schmidt plate images and deep CCD frames, implying that the galaxy has undergone a tidal interaction and merger within the last few Gyr. The relative narrowness of the filament implies a wet merger with at least one spiral galaxy involved, but the current state of the system shows little evidence of such. However, a two-component photometric fit using GALFIT shows much bluer

colors for the disk component than for the elliptical component, which may represent a residual trace of enhanced star formation in the disk caused by the interaction 1–2 Gyr ago. There are brighter concentrations within the filament that resemble tidal dwarf galaxies, although they are at least 40 times fainter. These concentrations may represent faint, evolved versions of those galaxies. A previously detected stripped satellite galaxy south of the nucleus seen in our residual image may imply that the filament is a tidal stream produced by perigalactic passages of this satellite.
MISALIGNED DISKS IN THE BINARY PROTOSTAR IRS 43
Authors: Brinch Christian , Jørgensen Jes K. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , Nelson Richard P. , Gressel Oliver 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent high angular resolution (

) ALMA observations of the 1.1 mm continuum and of HCO+
J = 3–2 and HCN J = 3–2 gas toward the binary protostar IRS 43 reveal multiple Keplerian disks that are significantly misaligned (

), both in inclination and position angle and also with respect to the binary orbital plane. Each stellar component has an associated circumstellar disk while the binary is surrounded by a circumbinary disk. Together with archival VLA measurements of the stellar positions over 25 years, and assuming a circular orbit, we use our continuum measurements to determine the binary separation,

, and its inclination,

. The misalignment in this system suggests that turbulence has likely played a major role in the formation of IRS 43.
TRACING p-MODE WAVES FROM THE PHOTOSPHERE TO THE CORONA IN ACTIVE REGIONS
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Felipe Tobías , Chen Ruizhu , Khomenko Elena 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Atmosphere above sunspots is abundant with different types of waves. Among these waves are running penumbral waves in the chromosphere, quasi-periodic oscillations in the lower coronal loops, and recently reported running waves in sunspots’ photosphere, all of which were interpreted as magnetoacoustic waves by some authors. Are these waves in different atmospheric layers related to each other, what is the nature of these waves, and where are the ultimate sources of these waves? Applying a time–distance helioseismic analysis over a suite of multi-wavelength observations above a sunspot, we demonstrate that the helioseismic p-mode waves are able to channel up from the photosphere through the chromosphere and transition region into the corona, and that the magnetoacoustic waves observed in different atmospheric layers are a same wave originating from the photosphere but exhibiting differently under different physical conditions. We also show waves of different frequencies travel along different paths, which can be used to derive the physical properties of the atmosphere above sunspots. Our numerical simulation of traveling of waves from a subphotospheric source qualitatively resembles the observed properties of the waves and offers an interpretation of the shapes of the wavefronts above the photosphere.
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN FORMATION CHANNELS FOR BINARY BLACK HOLES WITH LISA
Authors: Breivik Katelyn , Rodriguez Carl L. , Larson Shane L. , Kalogera Vassiliki , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent detections of GW150914 and GW151226 imply an abundance of stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) mergers in the local universe. While ground-based gravitational wave detectors are limited to observing the final moments before a binary merges, space-based detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), can observe binaries at lower orbital frequencies where such systems may still encode information about their formation histories. In particular, the orbital eccentricity and mass of BBHs in the LISA frequency band can be used together to discriminate between binaries formed in isolation in galactic fields and those formed in dense stellar environments such as globular clusters. In this letter, we explore the orbital eccentricity and mass of BBH populations as they evolve through the LISA frequency band. Overall we find that there are two distinct populations discernible by LISA. We show that up to

of binaries formed either dynamically or in isolation have eccentricities that are measurable with LISA. Finally, we note how measured eccentricities of low-mass BBHs evolved in isolation could provide detailed constraints on the physics of black hole natal kicks and common-envelope evolution.
A DETECTION OF THE INTEGRATED SACHS–WOLFE IMPRINT OF COSMIC SUPERSTRUCTURES USING A MATCHED-FILTER APPROACH
Authors: Nadathur Seshadri , Crittenden Robert 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new method for detection of the integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) imprints of cosmic superstructures on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), based on a matched-filtering approach. The expected signal-to-noise ratio for this method is comparable to that obtained from the full cross-correlation, and unlike other stacked filtering techniques it is not subject to an a posteriori bias. We apply this method to Planck CMB data using voids and superclusters identified in the CMASS galaxy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, and measure the ISW amplitude to be

relative to the ΛCDM expectation, corresponding to a

detection. In contrast to some previous measurements of the ISW effect of superstructures, our result is in agreement with the ΛCDM model.
Efficient Culture of Human Naive and Memory B Cells for Use as APCs
Authors: Su Kuei-Ying , Watanabe Akiko , Yeh Chen-Hao , Kelsoe Garnett , Kuraoka Masayuki 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The ability to culture and expand B cells in vitro has become a useful tool for studying human immunity. A limitation of current methods for human B cell culture is the capacity to support mature B cell proliferation. We developed a culture method to support the efficient activation and proliferation of naive and memory human B cells. This culture supports extensive B cell proliferation, with ∼103-fold increases following 8 d in culture and 106-fold increases when cultures are split and cultured for 8 more days. In culture, a significant fraction of naive B cells undergo isotype switching and differentiate into plasmacytes. Culture-derived (CD) B cells are readily cryopreserved and, when recovered, retain their ability to proliferate and differentiate. Significantly, proliferating CD B cells express high levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. CD B cells act as APCs and present alloantigens and microbial Ags to T cells. We are able to activate and expand Ag-specific memory B cells; these cultured cells are highly effective in presenting Ag to T cells. We characterized the TCR repertoire of rare Ag-specific CD4+ T cells that proliferated in response to tetanus toxoid (TT) presented by autologous CD B cells. TCR Vβ usage by TT-activated CD4+ T cells differs from resting and unspecifically activated CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we found that TT-specific TCR Vβ usage by CD4+ T cells was substantially different between donors. This culture method provides a platform for studying the BCR and TCR repertoires within a single individual.
An HIV-1 Env–Antibody Complex Focuses Antibody Responses to Conserved Neutralizing Epitopes
Authors: Chen Yajing , Wilson Richard , O’Dell Sijy , Guenaga Javier , Feng Yu , Tran Karen , Chiang Chi-I , Arendt Heather E. , DeStefano Joanne , Mascola John R. , Wyatt Richard T. , Li Yuxing 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Elicitation of broadly neutralizing Ab (bNAb) responses to the conserved elements of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env), including the primary receptor CD4 binding site (CD4bs), is a major focus of vaccine development yet to be accomplished. However, a large number of CD4bs-directed bNAbs have been isolated from HIV-1–infected individuals. Comparison of the routes of binding used by the CD4bs-directed bNAbs from patients and the vaccine-elicited CD4bs-directed mAbs indicates that the latter fail to neutralize primary virus isolates because they approach the Env spike with a vertical angle and contact the specific surface residues occluded in the native spike, including the bridging sheet on gp120. To preferentially expose the CD4bs and direct the immune response away from the bridging sheet, resulting in an altered angle of approach, we engineered an immunogen consisting of gp120 core in complex with the prototypic CD4-induced Ab, 17b. This mAb directly contacts the bridging sheet but not the CD4bs. The complex was further stabilized by chemical crosslinking to prevent dissociation. Rabbits immunized with the crosslinked complex displayed earlier affinity maturation, achieving tier 1 virus neutralization compared with animals immunized with gp120 core alone. Immunization with the crosslinked complex induced transient Ab responses with binding specificity similar to the CD4bs-directed bNAbs. mAbs derived from complex-immunized rabbits displayed footprints on gp120 more distal from the bridging sheet as compared with previous vaccine-elicited CD4bs Abs, indicating that Env–Ab complexes effectively dampen immune responses to undesired immunodominant bridging sheet determinants.
Regulators of an Infinite Family of the
Simplest Quartic Function Fields
Authors: Lee Jungyun , Lee Yoonjin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe explicitly find regulators of an infinite family {Lm} of the simplest quartic function fields with a parameter m in a polynomial ring [t], where is the finite field of order q with odd characteristic. In fact, this infinite family of the simplest quartic function fields are subfields of maximal real subfields of cyclotomic function fields having the same conductors. We obtain a lower bound on the class numbers of the family {Lm} and some result on the divisibility of the divisor class numbers of cyclotomic function fields that contain {Lm} as their subfields. Furthermore, we find an explicit criterion for the characterization of splitting types of all the primes of the rational function field (t) in {Lm}.
Prensa y conflicto vasco (1975-2016): Recopilatorio de actitudes y vicisitudes
Authors: Ramírez de la Piscina Martínez Txema , Murua Uria Imanol , Idoiaga Arrospide Petxo 
Published: October 2016

El trabajo realiza un amplio análisis de las actitudes y vicisitudes que han rodeado al tratamiento informativo dado por la prensa vasca y española al conflicto vasco durante las últimas cuatro décadas (1975-2016). Metodología. La metodología es eminentemente cualitativa. Se han utilizado simultáneamente cuatro técnicas: Estudio de observación directa realizado por los investigadores a lo largo de toda su trayectoria profesional y académica; dos investigaciones hemerográficas (la primera llevada a cabo entre 1979 y 1996 y la segunda entre 1998 y 2002); un análisis de contenido de diez informaciones paradigmáticas y un grupo de discusión con expertos en la materia (2016). Resultados. Los autores distinguen cuatro períodos: El inicial (1975-1988) presidido por la falta de criterios unificados; un segundo (1988-2000) marcado por la unificación/crispación de y en los contenidos; un tercero (2000-2011) determinado por el “Periodismo de trincheras” y, por último, la etapa post-ETA (2011-2016), en la cual el lugar de edición de cada rotativo condiciona (más que nunca) el frame de la noticia. Conclusiones. Los autores consideran que, en líneas generales, la prensa no ha respetado las recomendaciones de la Unesco de 1978, según las cuales, el respeto a la verdad y el fomento de la libre expresión de las ideas coadyuvan a la resolución de conflictos.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Migrant Workers in Qatar
Authors: Humphrey John M. , Ranbhise Sanjay , Ibrahim Emad , Al-Romaihi Hamad E. , Farag Elmoubasher , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Glesby Marshall J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The causes of infectious diarrhea among the migrant worker population in Qatar are not well understood. We conducted a prospective observational study to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics and infectious causes of diarrhea among migrant workers in Doha, Qatar. A total of 126 male workers presenting to the Qatar Red Crescent Worker's Health Center outpatient clinic or emergency department were studied over a 5-month period in 2015–2016. Epidemiologic surveys were administered to all subjects and the prevalence of 22 different stool pathogens was determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (FilmArray® Gastrointestinal PCR). A target pathogen was identified in 62.7% of subjects. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen and was detected in 24.6% of subjects, followed by Salmonella (22.2%), enteroaggregative E. coli (15.1%), Giardia lamblia (9.5%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (8.7%). Multiple pathogens were identified in 49.3% of positive stool samples. In a multivariable analysis, the presence of a heart rate ≥ 90 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–10.0) and > 5 fecal leukocytes/high-power field (adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2–7.0) were significant predictors of detecting an acute inflammatory pathogen by PCR. Use of multiplex PCR enabled the detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in a high proportion of cases, illustrating the utility of this diagnostic tool in epidemiologic studies of infectious diarrhea.
Howard Hughes and the Cold War Aviation Film Jet Pilot (1957)
Authors: Voeltz Richard Andrew 
Published: October 2016

Some historians argue that heaps of weaponry along with stealth and deception stand as emblems of the Cold War. But sexual intimacy, conspicuous consumption, and aviation technology also inserted themselves into the perfect safetly of American domestic bliss. This paper will analyze how the eccentric Cold War romantic comedy Jet Pilot (1957) so associated with the compulsiveness of Howard Hughes, produced and written by Jules Furthman, directed ( partially) by Josef von Sternburg and starring John Wayne and Janet Leigh, reflects all these themes making it the paradigmatic Cold Film that remains a camp classic from the American popular cultyre of the 1950s.
An Online CPED Educational Leadership Program: Student Perspectives on Its Value and Influence on Professional Practice
Authors: Lasater Kara , Bengtson Ed , Murphy-Lee Maureen 
Published: October 2016

This qualitative case study of an online educational doctorate program in educational leadership examined how students perceived the value and influence of their experiences as doctoral students while practicing as full-time school leaders. Data were collected using surveys and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Through ongoing analysis of data, three themes emerged surrounding the concepts of: change in ways of thinking; program presented multiple values; and connections to others. The significance of these findings are discussed in terms of how online doctorate programs can be successful in the eyes of students who participate in them by offering synchronous online delivery, providing applicable content, and developing worthwhile connections between students and faculty.
Higher Education Students' Preferences for Applying the Principles of Constructivism in Learning Programming Languages with the Use of ICTs
Authors: Gasaymeh Al-Mothana , AlJa'afreh Ibraheem A. , Al-Dmour Ayman , Alrub Mohammad Abu 
Published: October 2016

This study investigated university students’ preferences when the principles of constructivism are applied in their learning of programming languages with the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the factors which influence these preferences.‎ The respondents for this study were 193 students from three courses teaching programming languages in computer labs. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study involved one group of students who were taught programming languages based on the principles of constructivism and another group which was taught using the lecture-based teaching methods. At the end of the courses, data were collected through a questionnaire instrument that consisted of set of questions on a five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA. The results show that in their learning of programming languages, the students had strong preferences for using each of the principles of constructivism considered in this study. The results showed that there were no significant differences in students’ preferences regarding the use of constructivist principles based on gender, age, major, and prior experience in constructivist learning except for one scale. To maximize students' learning, students' preferences regarding the characteristics of the classroom learning environment should govern educational practice. The recommendations for higher education are related to educational practice as well as to ways of using ICTs to support university students' learning in general and to support the learning of programming languages in particular.
Integrating Gender into Canadian Internet Policy: From the Information Highway to the Digital Economy
Authors: Shade Leslie Regan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article provides an overview of gender and Internet policy in Canada from the mid-1990s to the present day. It first traces early federal policy (Fourth World Conference on Women, federal plan for gender equality, and the Information Highway Advisory Council [IHAC]). Turning to the 2000s, the article reviews Canada's influence in international initiatives (World Summit on the Information Society). The article then reviews Conservative government initiatives (digital economy agenda, Digital Canada 150), illustrating a decline for digital inclusion. With a new Liberal government, the article concludes with areas of engagement by government and civil society toward digital and gender inclusion.
Detrusor underactivity is prevalent after radical prostatectomy: A urodynamic study including risk factors
Authors: Chung Doreen E. , Dillon Benjamin , Kurta Jordan , Maschino Alexandra , Sandhu Jaspreet S. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: The objective was to determine the prevalence of, and factors that predict, detrusor underactivity (DU) in patients presenting with incontinence or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following radical prostatectomy (RP). We also determined the prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in this population.Methods: Patients who underwent urodynamics post-RP were identified. Detrusor underactivity was defined as a maximum flow rate (Qmax) of ≤15 mL/s and detrusor pressure (Pdet) Qmax <20 cmH20 or maximum Pdet <20 cmH20 during attempted voiding. Abdominal voiding (AV) was defined as sustained increase in abdominal pressure during voiding. Bladder outlet obstruction and DO were identified using the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram and the International Continence Society criteria. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine factors predicting DU. The following factors were analyzed: age, year of RP, procedure type (minimally-invasive surgery [MIS] or open), postoperative radiation, nerve-sparing, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason grade and interval between RP and evaluation.Results: Between 2005 and 2008, 264 patients underwent urodynamics post-RP. Detrusor underactivity was observed in 108 patients (41%; 95% CI 35%, 47%), of whom 48% demonstrated AV. Overall, BOO and DO were present in 17% (95% CI 12%, 22%) and 27% (95% CI 22%, 33%), respectively. On univariate analysis, only MIS RP was predictive of DU (univariate odds ratio 2.05 for MIS vs. open; p = 0.009).Conclusions: Detrusor underactivity and AV are common in patients presenting for evaluation of incontinence or LUTS following RP. The etiology of DU in this setting is likely related to the surgical approach. Because DU may affect the success of male incontinence treatment with the male sling or artificial urinary sphincter, it is useful to document its presence prior to treatment. More studies are needed to elucidate the influence of DU on treatment success for male urinary incontinence following RP.
High-Throughput Analytical Techniques for the Determination of the Residues of 653 Multiclass Pesticides and Chemical Pollutants in Tea, Part VII: A GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, and LC-MS/MS Study of the Degradation Profiles of Pesticide Residues in Green Tea
Authors: Chang Qiao-Ying , Pang Guo-Fang , Fan Chun-Lin , Chen Hui , Yang Fang , Li Jie , Wen Bi-Fang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
GC-MS, GC-tandem MS (MS/MS), and LC-MS/MS were used to mathematically define the degradation profiles of pesticide residues in two field trials. Nineteen pesticides were studied in the first field trial and 11 in the second. The results of the field trials demonstrated that the degradation profiles of pesticide residues in green tea can be described with power functions to successfully estimate the amount of time, following pesticide application, pesticide residues appearing in tea in concentrations at and/or above the maximum residue limit (MRL) decrease to concentrations below the MRL. Stability tests on green tea samples stored at room temperature were conducted to determine whether pesticide-incurred green tea samples prepared according to the method used in the field trials would be suitable for the preparation of reference standards for laboratory-proficiency testing trials. This paper reports the results of a GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, and LC-MS/MS study, as well as the suitability of the samples prepared under these conditions for use as pesticide reference standards in tea analysis.