bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological characteristics and performance in elite enduro mountain biking.
Authors: Kirkwood Lewis Adam , Ingram Lesley A , Cunningham Jamie , Malone Eva , Florida-James Geraint D 
Published: January 2018

Enduro mountain bike racing is composed of several timed predominantly downhill race stages linked by time restricted, non-competitive transition stages. This study aimed to 1) detail and compare the laboratory assessed physiological characteristics of elite and non-elite enduro mountain bike riders, and 2) evaluate the use of 10Hz global positioning systems (GPS) unit including a 100Hz triaxial accelerometer to define the demands of enduro mountain bike racing and identify components of successful performance. Eleven (n=11) male enduro mountain bike riders completed laboratory protocols for peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak), onset of blood lactate accumulation at 2 and 4 mmol/L (OBLA2 and OBLA4 respectively), intermittent sprint test (EST), and anthropometry measures. Participants were divided into elite (n=5) and non-elite (n=6) groups for analysis. Nine (n=9) elite enduro mountain bike athletes participated in field data collection at an international enduro mountain bike race. Two race stages were used for analysis of velocity, accumulated load, heart rate and time to complete specific sections of track calculated from GPS units placed on the bicycle seat mast and the rider’s torso. Elite athletes produced greater power during the EST and at VO2peak, OBLA2, OBLA4 when compared to non-elite riders (all p<0.05) with no significant differences in anthropometry (p>0.05). Accumulated load was significantly greater on the bicycle than the rider on both stages (p<0.05) and accumulated load in both locations was significantly higher during stage two compared to stage 1 reflecting differences in terrain (p<0.05). GPS analysis allowed detailed analysis of performance showing winning performances were characterised by reduced time to complete technical downhill and non-technical climbing sections during stage one and technical downhill sections only during stage two. In conclusion, successful performance in enduro mountain bike racing requires adequate skill and technique to sustain high velocities over technical terrain coupled with large aerobic and anaerobic capacities.
Risk Response Selection in Construction Projects
Authors: I. Naji Hafeth , Hussein Ali Rouwaida 
Published: January 2018

Risk and its management is important for the success of the project, the risk management, which encompassed of planning, identification, analysis, and response has an important phase, which is risk response and it should not be undermined, as its success going to the projects the capability to overcome the uncertainty and thus an effective tool in project risk management, risk response used the collective information in the analysis stage and in order to take decision how to improve the possibility to complete the project within time, cost and performance. This stage work on preparing the response to the main risks and appoint the people who are responsible for each response. When it's needed risk response may be started in quantitative analysis stage and the repetition may be possible between the analysis and risk response stage. The aim of this research is to provide a methodology to make the plane for unexpected events and control uncertain situations and identify the reason for risk response failure and to respond to risk successfully by using the optimization method to select the best strategy. The methodology of this research divided into four parts, the first part main object is to find the projects whose risk response is failed, the second part includes the reasons for risk response Failure, the third part includes finding the most important risks generated from risk response that leads to increasing the cost of construction projects, the fourth part of the management system is selecting the optimal risk response strategy. An optimization model was used to select the optimal strategy to treat the risk by using Serval constraints such as the cost of the project, time of the project, Gravitational Search Algorithm and particle swarm used. The result of the risk response selection shows that The investment (contractor, bank) strategy shows a very good strategy as it saves the cost about 30%, while the Mitigate (pay for advances with interest 0. 1) Strategy show saving the cost 40% and giving land to contractors show saving the cost 40% finally the BIM strategy show saving the cost 25%. The risk response is an important part and should give a great attention and it must be used sophisticated method to select the optimal strategy, the two techniques both show high efficiency in selecting the strategy but Gravitational Search Algorithm show better performance.
"El debatible impacto de la evaluación de la calidad de la educación en las IES"
Authors: Paredes Cuahquentzi Víctor Job , Juárez Hernández Saúl C. , Hernández Flores Edit , Nava Mozo Verónica , Paredes Cuahquentzi Marcelo 
Published: January 2018

Ante reformas gestados en la década de los 90 por el gobierno federal con miras a la modernización educativa en el nivel superior, se motivaron cambios al interior de las IES* en su función, visión y estructura, que ayudaron en una parte, pero tergiversando sus objetivos y autonomía. Dichos cambios sustentados en la evaluación externa indicada en criterios limitativos, fueron utilizados como elementos de posicionamiento e imagen antes que en una mejora educativa chocando con los propósitos, valores e historia de la autonomía académica medidos con estrategias de evaluación que no han cumplido del todo con su objetivo y la omision además de recomendaciones que no llegan a decisiones de fondo en sí mismas.La recopilación de distintos puntos de vista debatidos por los autores, hace una crítica sobre la necesidad de revisar la esencia de la evaluación usada como una herramienta limitada a la obtención de recursos y alejada a la visión de la calidad en la educación; esto es, se concibe esta estrategia solo como una herramienta de forma y no de fondo, y es necesario replantearla en dirección al sentido que requiere un sistema educativo en la época donde los cambios estructurales del mundo conteporáneo avanzan vertiginosamente.
Concepto de planeación
Authors: Calderón Flores Juanita Oyuko 
Published: January 2018

El presente mapa tiene como finalidad esquematizar la definición de planeación. La planeación se define como el proceso que busca establecer y elegir objetivos y medios adecuados previos a realizar la acción (Russell L., 1988). Gulick citado por Ballesteros (2007), afirma que la planeación tiene la función de establecer el curso, principios, secuencias y tiempos para realizar la acción. Para poder realizar esa función se propone contestar cuatro preguntas: qué se hace, cómo se hace, en qué orden se hace y en qué tiempo se hace.Para finalizar, la planeación tiene como finalidad entender y proyectar la realidad presente a través del diseño de escenarios futuros para obtener el máximo beneficio.
Revisión teórico-metodológica para el estudio del capital social relacional (CSR)
Authors: Cruz Coria Erika 
Published: January 2018

El Capital Social Relacional (CSR) actua como la columna vertebral que da soporte a la dinámica relacional a nivel inter e intracomunitario en un espacio determinado. El estudio de este tipo de capital social en la gestión de un territorio y de sus recursos es una herramienta útil en la identificación de la relaciones sociales que pueden ser “precursoras” de otras más complejas orientadas a generar estructuras de gobernanza. El propósito del esquema que se presenta es realizar una revisión de los elementos teóricos que componen esta categoría así como también de algunos elementos metodológicos generales que permiten el estudio del CSE.
POLA MUSIM PENANGKAPAN CUMI-CUMI DI PERAIRAN LUAR DAN DALAM DAERAH PENAMBANGAN TIMAH KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN (Squid Fishing Seasons Pattern Inside and Outside Waters of Tin Mining Area in South Bangka District)
Authors: Febrianto Arif , Simbolon Domu , Haluan John , Mustaruddin . 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSquid fishing inside and outside waters of tin mining area in South Bangka District is carried out by using boat lift nets, stationary lift nets, and hand lines. Squid fishing activities need effective information to achieve maximum results. Good information related to fishing areas and seasonsfor squid fishing can optimize the cost of fishing operations, time and energy. An alternative solution is understanding the patterns of the squid fishing seasons. The objective of this research is to analyze the patterns of the squid fishing seasons outside and inside waters of tin mining area in South Bangka District. Collecting data was done from January to December 2013. This research applied a descriptive survey method using a case study. The results indicatedsquid fishing season outside waters of tin mining area is in September, October, and November (Musim Peralihan II). Whereas in the inside waters of tin mining area, the best season for squid fishing is December, January, and February (Musim Barat), with the highest is in December.Keywords: fishing, patterns of the season, South Bangka, squidABSTRAKPenangkapan cumi-cumi di wilayah perairan luar dan dalam daerah penambangan timah di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan bagan perahu, bagan tancap, dan pancing. Kegiatan penangkapan cumi-cumi diperlukan informasi yang efektif agar hasil tangkapan bisa mencapai hasil yang maksimal. Informasi yang berkaitan dengan area dan musim dimana cumi-cumi bisa tertangkap dalam jumlah yang besardapat menghemat biaya operasi penangkapan, waktu dan tenaga.Salah satu alternatif yang menawarkan solusi terbaik adalah mengetahui pola musim penangkapan cumi-cumi.Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pola musim penangkapan cumi-cumi di wilayah perairan luar dan dalam daerah penambangan timah Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di wilayah perairan Kabupaten Bangka Selatan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai bulan Desember 2013. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif survei yang bersifat studi kasus (case study). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musim cumi-cumi di wilayah perairan luar daerah penambangan timah laut Kabupaten Bangka Selatan, terjadi pada Musim Peralihan II (September, Oktober, dan November) dan puncak musimnya pada bulan November. Sedangkan di wilayah perairan daerah penambangan timah laut, yaitu pada Musim Barat (Desember, Januari, dan Februari) dan puncak musimnya pada bulan Desember.Kata kunci: penangkapan, pola musim, Bangka Selatan, cumi-cumi
Qatar Exoplanet Survey: Qatar-6b—A Grazing Transiting Hot Jupiter
Authors: Alsubai Khalid , Tsvetanov Zlatan I. , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Mislis Dimitris , Pyrzas Stylianos , Foxell Emma , McCormac James , Baranec Christoph , Vilchez Nicolas P. E. , West Richard , Esamdin Ali , Dang Zhenwei , Dalee Hani M. , Al-Rajihi Amani A. , Al-Harbi Abeer Kh. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of Qatar-6b, a new transiting planet identified by the Qatar Exoplanet Survey (QES). The planet orbits a relatively bright (V = 11.44), early-K main-sequence star at an orbital period of P ∼ 3.506 days. An SED fit to available multi-band photometry, ranging from the near-UV to the mid-IR, yields a distance of d = 101 ± 6 pc to the system. From a global fit to follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations, we calculate the mass and radius of the planet to be M
P = 0.67 ± 0.07 M
J and R
P = 1.06 ± 0.07 R
J, respectively. We use multi-color photometric light curves to show that the transit is grazing, making Qatar-6b one of the few exoplanets known in a grazing transit configuration. It adds to the short list of targets that offer the best opportunity to look for additional bodies in the host planetary system through variations in the transit impact factor and duration.
Robo-AO Discovery and Basic Characterization of Wide Multiple Star Systems in the Pleiades, Praesepe, and NGC 2264 Clusters
Authors: Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Zhang Celia , Riddle Reed L. , Baranec Christoph , Ziegler Carl , Law Nicholas M. , Stauffer John 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We identify and roughly characterize 66 candidate binary star systems in the Pleiades, Praesepe, and NGC 2264 star clusters, based on robotic adaptive optics imaging data obtained using Robo-AO at the Palomar 60″ telescope. Only ∼10% of our imaged pairs were previously known. We detect companions at red optical wavelengths, with physical separations ranging from a few tens to a few thousands of au. A three-sigma contrast curve generated for each final image provides upper limits to the brightness ratios for any undetected putative companions. The observations are sensitive to companions with a maximum contrast of ∼6m at larger separations. At smaller separations, the mean (best) raw contrast at 2″ is 3.ͫ8 (6m), at 1″ is 3.ͫ0 (4.ͫ5), and at 0.″5 is 1.ͫ9 (3m). Point-spread function subtraction can recover nearly the full contrast in the closer separations. For detected candidate binary pairs, we report separations, position angles, and relative magnitudes. Theoretical isochrones appropriate to the Pleiades and Praesepe clusters are then used to determine the corresponding binary mass ratios, which range from 0.2 to 0.9 in

. For our sample of roughly solar-mass (FGK type) stars in NGC 2264 and sub-solar-mass (K and early M-type) primaries in the Pleiades and Praesepe, the overall binary frequency is measured at ∼15.5% ± 2%. However, this value should be considered a lower limit to the true binary fraction within the specified separation and mass ratio ranges in these clusters, given that complex and uncertain corrections for sensitivity and completeness have not been applied.
Constraints on the Location of γ-Ray Sample of Blazars with Radio Core-shift Measurements
Authors: Wu Linhui , Wu Qingwen , Yan Dahai , Chen Liang , Fan Xuliang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We model simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous multi-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for a sample of 25 blazars that have radio core-shift measurements, where a one-zone leptonic model and Markov chain Monte Carlo technique are adopted. In the SED fitting for 23 low-synchrotron-peaked (LSP) blazars, the seed photons from the broad-line (BLR) and molecular torus are considered respectively in the external Compton process. We find that the SED fitting with the seed photons from the torus are better than those utilizing BLR photons, which suggest that the γ-ray emitting region may be located outside the BLR. Assuming the magnetic field strength in the γ-ray emitting region as constrained from the SED fitting follows the magnetic field distribution as derived from the radio core-shift measurements (i.e.,

, where R is the distance from the central engine and

is the magnetic field strength at 1 pc), we further calculate the location of the γ-ray emitting region,

, for these blazars. We find that

(

is the Schwarzschild radius and

is the BLR size), where

is estimated from the broad-line luminosities using the empirical correlations obtained using the reverberation mapping methods.
The Solar-flux Third Granulation Signature
Authors: Gray David F. , Oostra Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The velocity shifts of spectral lines as a function of line strength, so-called the third signature of granulation, are investigated using three published solar-flux atlases. We use flux atlases because we wish to treat the Sun as a star, against which stellar observations can be compared and judged. The atlases are critiqued and compared to the lower-resolution observations taken with the Elginfield stellar spectrograph. Third-signature plots are constructed for the 6020–6340 Å region. No dependence on excitation potential or wavelength is found over this wavelength span. The shape of the plots from the three solar atlases is essentially the same, with rms line-core velocity differences of 30–35 m s−1. High-resolution atlas data are degraded to the level of the Elginfield spectrograph and compared to direct observations taken with that spectrograph. The line-core velocities show good agreement, with rms differences of 38 m s−1. A new standard curve is derived and compared with the previously published one. Only small differences in shape are found, but a significant (+97 m s−1) change in the zero point is indicated. The bisector of the Fe i 6253 line is mapped onto the third-signature plots and flux deficits are derived, which measure the granule/lane flux imbalance. The lower spectral resolution lowers the flux deficit area slightly and moves the peak of the deficit 0.3–0.5 km s−1 toward higher velocities. These differences, while significant, are not large compared to measurement errors for stellar data.
A Mechanistical Study on the Formation of Dimethyl Ether (CH3OCH3) and Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in Methanol-containing Ices and Implications for the Chemistry of Star-forming Regions
Authors: Bergantini Alexandre , Góbi Sándor , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The underlying formation mechanisms of complex organic molecules (COMs)—in particular, structural isomers—in the interstellar medium (ISM) are largely elusive. Here, we report new experimental findings on the role of methanol (CH3OH) and methane (CH4) ices in the synthesis of two C2H6O isomers upon interaction with ionizing radiation: ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). The present study reproduces the interstellar abundance ratios of both species with ethanol to dimethyl ether branching ratios of (2.33 ± 0.14):1 suggesting that methanol and methane represents the key precursor to both isomers within interstellar ices. Exploiting isotopic labeling combined with reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Re-TOF-MS) after isomer selective vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) photoionization of the neutral molecules, we also determine the formation mechanisms of both isomers via radical–radical recombination versus carbene (CH2) insertion with the former pathway being predominant. Formation routes to higher molecular weight reaction products such as ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), dimethyl peroxide (CH3OOCH3), and methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) are discussed briefly as well.
Nucleosynthesis in the Innermost Ejecta of Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions in Two Dimensions
Authors: Wanajo Shinya , Müller Bernhard , Janka Hans-Thomas , Heger Alexander 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We examine nucleosynthesis in the innermost neutrino-processed ejecta (a few

) of self-consistent two-dimensional explosion models of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) for six progenitor stars with different initial masses. Three models have initial masses near the low-mass end of the SN range of

(e8.8; electron-capture SN),

(z9.6), and

(u8.1), with initial metallicities of 1, 0, and 10−4 times the solar metallicity, respectively. The other three are solar-metallicity models with initial masses of

(s11),

(s15), and

(s27). The low-mass models e8.8, z9.6, and u8.1 exhibit high production factors (nucleosynthetic abundances relative to the solar abundances) of 100–200 for light trans-Fe elements from Zn to Zr. This is associated with an appreciable ejection of neutron-rich matter in these models. Remarkably, the nucleosynthetic outcomes for the progenitors e8.8 and z9.6 are almost identical, including interesting productions of 48Ca and 60Fe, irrespective of their quite different (O–Ne–Mg and Fe) cores prior to collapse. In the more massive models s11, s15, and s27, several proton-rich isotopes of light trans-Fe elements including the p-isotope 92Mo (for s27) are made, up to production factors of ∼30. Both electron-capture SNe and CCSNe near the low-mass end can therefore be dominant contributors to the Galactic inventory of light trans-Fe elements from Zn to Zr and probably 48Ca and live 60Fe. The innermost ejecta of more massive SNe may have only subdominant contributions to the chemical enrichment of the Galaxy except for 92Mo.
Synergy of Stochastic and Systematic Energization of Plasmas during Turbulent Reconnection
Authors: Pisokas Theophilos , Vlahos Loukas , Isliker Heinz 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The important characteristic of turbulent reconnection is that it combines large-scale magnetic disturbances

with randomly distributed unstable current sheets (UCSs). Many well-known nonlinear MHD structures (strong turbulence, current sheet(s), shock(s)) lead asymptotically to the state of turbulent reconnection. We analyze in this article, for the first time, the energization of electrons and ions in a large-scale environment that combines large-amplitude disturbances propagating with sub-Alfvénic speed with UCSs. The magnetic disturbances interact stochastically (second-order Fermi) with the charged particles and play a crucial role in the heating of the particles, while the UCSs interact systematically (first-order Fermi) and play a crucial role in the formation of the high-energy tail. The synergy of stochastic and systematic acceleration provided by the mixture of magnetic disturbances and UCSs influences the energetics of the thermal and nonthermal particles, the power-law index, and the length of time the particles remain inside the energy release volume. We show that this synergy can explain the observed very fast and impulsive particle acceleration and the slightly delayed formation of a superhot particle population.