The Comparison Between Traditional Versus 3D Printing Combined With Computer Navigation Technique in the Management of Orbital Blowout Fractures
Authors: You Changjun , Lu Huamei , Zhao Jinxiang , Qin Bing , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technology and computer navigation technology have been gradually applied in surgeries for orbital blowout fractures. This study compared the efficacy of traditional techniques (group I) and 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques (group II) in the management of orbital blowout fractures.

Methods:
All patients treated for orbital blowout fractures in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from March 2018 to February 2021 were reviewed. The primary predictive variable was surgical techniques used for orbital fractures (traditional techniques or 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques). Outcome variables included diplopia, limitation of extraocular muscle movement, and enophthalmos orbital volume.

Results:
All the surgeries were successfully performed without serious complications. Six months after the operation, the degree of diplopia and limitation of extraocular muscle movement in the traditional techniques group and 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques group were significantly improved (the former Z = −2.670, P=0.008, the latter Z=−3.584, P<0.001 and the former Z=−4.852, P<0.001, the latter Z=−5.427, P<0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the degree of diplopia and limitation of extraocular muscle movement between the 2 groups before the operation (the former Z=−0.842, P=0.400; the latter Z=−0.567, P=0.571), and there were significant differences after the operation (the former Z=−2.773, P=0.006; the latter Z=−2.892, P=0.004), and the 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques group showed an advantage over the traditional techniques group. The difference in bilateral enophthalmos and orbital volume in traditional techniques groups and 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques groups was dramatically decreased (the former t=12.558, P<0.001, the latter t=12.659, P<0.001, and the former t=19.194, P<0.001, the latter t=17.770, P<0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in bilateral enophthalmos and orbital volume between the 2 groups before the operation (the former t=−0.410, P=0.683; the latter t=0.311, P=0.756), and there were significant differences after the operation (the former t=4.081, P<0.001; the latter t=4.078, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in surgical time and cost between the traditional technology group and the 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted technology group (the former t=8.445, P<0.001, and the latter t=3.534, P<0.001); 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques group spent more surgical time and money than the traditional techniques group.

Conclusions:
The application of 3D printing combined with computer navigation techniques in the management of orbital blowout fractures can significantly improve the accuracy and safety of the operation. 3D printing combined with computer navigation technology–assisted techniques group spent more surgical time and money.