bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Transcriptomic Responses to Herbivory
Authors: Heidel‐Fischer Hanna M. , Musser Richard O. , Vogel Heiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor plants, insect attack is a complex stimulus which can be divided into three conceptual phases: pest recognition, signal transduction and deployment of defences. Here, we give an overview of the different stages of pest recognition by the plant, focusing on the transcriptomic aspects of these responses. Separating wound‐ and herbivore‐specific components of insect attack is as important as the distinction between attack from different feeding guilds such as chewing and piercing‐sucking herbivores to mount appropriate plant defence responses. We present a meta‐analysis of the existent microarray studies, intending to provide a better overview over plant gene expression data from a wider range of insect‐plant interaction studies. While the existent microarray studies give valid information about gene regulation in attacked plants, they also highlight the importance of synchronizations of experimental designs, as different model systems, controls and experimental time points make it hard to generalize results. Most of the past and current research has focused on single herbivore attack. In nature, however, simultaneous or subsequent attacks by insects are frequently observed, so we provide a brief overview over the current stage of knowledge of simultaneous attacks, ending with an outlook to future challenges in this field of science.
Plant‐Mediated Interactions among Insects within a Community Ecological Perspective
Authors: Poelman Erik H , Dicke Marcel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Plants may be visited by many species of insects during their life‐time. These insects include harmful herbivores above and below ground, as well as beneficial natural enemies of herbivores and pollinators. Moreover, these interactions may take place sequentially or simultaneously. Responses of plants in interactions with one species result in phenotypic changes that subsequently affect the performance and behaviour of other species. Thus, plants mediate interactions among their associated community members, and such indirect trait‐mediated interactions affect the structure of insect communities. As a consequence, plant‐mediated species interactions may also affect plant fitness.
The Altitudinal Niche‐Breadth Hypothesis in Insect‐Plant Interactions
Authors: Rasmann Sergio , Alvarez Nadir , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStudies aiming at explaining specialization along latitudinal gradients of plant‐herbivore interactions have, to date, yielded inconclusive results. Here we propose the use of steep altitudinal gradients for dissecting factors driving evolution of polyphagy in insect herbivores. First, we test whether colonization of high elevation environment favours increased niche‐breadth in two disparate insect groups – the wood‐boring beetles and the pollinator group of bees – and show increased polyphagy at higher altitudes in both groups. We then assess classic assumptions transferred from the ‘latitude‐niche‐breadth hypothesis’, particularly the increase in environmental variability at high, compared to low, altitude. Finally, we discuss alternative mechanisms shaping the observed pattern of increased polyphagy in altitude, including variation in plant quality and predator pressure at different altitudes. We thus suggest evidence for the ‘altitude niche‐breadth hypothesis’, in which both abiotic and biotic conditions, including increased variability and an increase of the potential feeding niche‐breadth, promote evolution for increased insect polyphagy in altitude.
Exploratory study of the association of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan robustness with local failure in head and neck cancer
Authors: Liu Wei , Patel Samir H. , Harrington Daniel P. , Hu Yanle , Ding Xiaoning , Shen Jiajian , Halyard Michele Y. , Schild Steven E. , Wong William W. , Ezzell Gary E. , Bues Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis work is to show which is more relevant to cause local failures (LFs) due to patient setup uncertainty between the planning target volume (PTV) underdosage and the potential target underdosage subject to patient setup uncertainties in head and neck (H&N) cancer treated with volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Thirteen LFs in 10 H&N patients treated by VMAT were analyzed. Measures have been taken to minimize the chances of insufficient target delineation for these patients and the patients were clinically determined to have LF based on the PET/CT scan results by an experienced radiologist and then reviewed by a second experienced radiation oncologist. Two methods were used to identify the possible locations of LF due to underdosage: (a) examining the standard VMAT plan, in which the underdosed volume in the nominal dose distribution (UVN) was generated by subtracting the volumes receiving the prescription doses from PTVs, and (b) plan robustness analysis, in which in addition to the nominal dose distribution, six perturbed dose distributions were created by translating the CT iso‐center in three cardinal directions by the PTV margin. The coldest dose distribution was represented by the minimum of the seven doses in each voxel. The underdosed volume in the coldest dose distribution (UVC) was generated by subtracting the volumes receiving the prescription doses in the coldest dose distribution from the volumes receiving the prescription doses in the nominal dose distribution. UVN and UVC were subsequently examined for spatial association with the locations of LF. The association was tested using the binominal distribution and the Fisher's exact test of independence. We found that of 13 LFs, 11 were associated with UVCs (P = 0.011), while three were associated with UVNs (P = 0.99). We concluded that the possible target underdosage due to patient setup uncertainties appeared to be a more relevant factor associated with LF in VMAT for H&N cancer than the compromised PTV coverage at least for the patients included in this study.
Regioselective Metal‐Free C2−H Arylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Aryldiazonium Salts/Anilines under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Rakesh , Dhiman Ankit Kumar , Sharma Upendra 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHerein, a base‐promoted direct C2−H arylation of quinoline N‐oxides with aryldiazonium salts under metal‐free conditions is reported. This reaction avoids the need for an oxidant, metal catalyst, or inert atmosphere and proceeds through a highly regioselective C−H bond functionalization to provide a series of C2‐arylated quinoline N‐oxides. Abundantly available amines (anilines and heteroaryl amines) can also be employed as arylating agents through an in situ diazotization process, thereby affording a library of diverse 2‐arylquinoline N‐oxides in moderate‐to‐good yields. The synthesized 2‐arylated quinoline N‐oxides were further converted into C8‐substituted quinolines to demonstrate the applicability of this catalytic approach. A radical pathway is proposed for the C2 arylation, based on a preliminary mechanistic study.
High‐Molecular‐Weight Polynucleotides by Transferase‐Catalyzed Living Chain‐Growth Polycondensation
Authors: Tang Lei , Navarro Luis A. , Chilkoti Ashutosh , Zauscher Stefan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐catalyzed enzymatic polymerization (TcEP) for the template‐free synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight, single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and demonstrate that it proceeds by a living chain‐growth polycondensation mechanism. We show that the molecular weight of the reaction products is nearly monodisperse, and can be manipulated by the feed ratio of nucleotide (monomer) to oligonucleotide (initiator), as typically observed for living polymerization reactions. Understanding the synthesis mechanism and the reaction kinetics enables the rational, template‐free synthesis of ssDNA that can be used for a range of biomedical and nanotechnology applications.
Magnetocatalytic Graphene Quantum Dots Janus Micromotors for Bacterial Endotoxin Detection
Authors: Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Pacheco Marta , Rojo Jaime , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMagnetocatalytic hybrid Janus micromotors encapsulating phenylboronic acid (PABA) modified graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are described herein as ultrafast sensors for the detection of deadly bacteria endotoxins. A bottom‐up approach was adopted to synthesize an oil‐in‐water emulsion containing the GQDs along with a high loading of platinum and iron oxide nanoparticles on one side of the Janus micromotor body. The two different “active regions” enable highly efficient propulsion in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or magnetic actuation without the addition of a chemical fuel. Fluorescence quenching was observed upon the interaction of GQDs with the target endotoxin (LPS), whereby the PABA tags acted as highly specific recognition receptors of the LPS core polysaccharide region. Such adaptive hybrid operation and highly specific detection hold considerable promise for diverse clinical, agrofood, and biological applications and integration in future lab‐on‐chip technology.
High‐Flux Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Richter Hannes , Voss Hartwig , Kaltenborn Nadine , Kämnitz Susanne , Wollbrink Alexander , Feldhoff Armin , Caro Jürgen , Roitsch Stefan , Voigt Ingolf 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCarbon membranes have great potential for highly selective and cost‐efficient gas separation. Carbon is chemically stable and it is relative cheap. The controlled carbonization of a polymer coating on a porous ceramic support provides a 3D carbon material with molecular sieving permeation performance. The carbonization of the polymer blend gives turbostratic carbon domains of randomly stacked together sp2 hybridized carbon sheets as well as sp3 hybridized amorphous carbon. In the evaluation of the carbon molecular sieve membrane, hydrogen could be separated from propane with a selectivity of 10 000 with a hydrogen permeance of 5 m3(STP)/(m2hbar). Furthermore, by a post‐synthesis oxidative treatment, the permeation fluxes are increased by widening the pores, and the molecular sieve carbon membrane is transformed from a molecular sieve carbon into a selective surface flow carbon membrane with adsorption controlled performance and becomes selective for carbon dioxide.
A Single Spherical Assembly of Protein Amyloid Fibrils Formed by Laser Trapping
Authors: Yuyama Ken‐ichi , Ueda Mariko , Nagao Satoshi , Hirota Shun , Sugiyama Teruki , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProtein amyloids have received much attention owing to their correlation with serious diseases and to their promising mechanical and optical properties as future materials. Amyloid formation has been conducted by tuning temperature and chemical conditions, so that its nucleation and the following growth are analyzed as ensemble dynamics. A single spherical assembly of amyloid fibrils of cytochrome c domain‐swapped dimer was successfully generated upon laser trapping. The amyloid fibrillar structure was confirmed by fluorescence characterization and electron microscopy. The prepared spheres were further manipulated individually in solution to fabricate a three‐dimensional microstructure and a line pattern. Amyloid formation dynamics and amyloid‐based microstructure fabrication are demonstrated based on direct observation of a single spherical assembly, which foresees a new approach in amyloid studies.
AJIPHASE®: A Highly Efficient Synthetic Method for One‐Pot Peptide Elongation in the Solution Phase by an Fmoc Strategy
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Inomata Tatsuji , Fukui Tatsuya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe previously reported an efficient peptide synthesis method, AJIPHASE®, that comprises repeated reactions and isolations by precipitation. This method utilizes an anchor molecule with long‐chain alkyl groups as a protecting group for the C‐terminus. To further improve this method, we developed a one‐pot synthesis of a peptide sequence wherein the synthetic intermediates were isolated by solvent extraction instead of precipitation. A branched‐chain anchor molecule was used in the new process, significantly enhancing the solubility of long peptides and the operational efficiency compared with the previous method, which employed precipitation for isolation and a straight‐chain aliphatic group. Another prerequisite for this solvent‐extraction‐based strategy was the use of thiomalic acid and DBU for Fmoc deprotection, which facilitates the removal of byproducts, such as the fulvene adduct.
Corona[5]arenes Accessed by a Macrocycle‐to‐Macrocycle Transformation Route and a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Chen , Guo Qing‐Hui , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCorona[5]arenes, a novel type of macrocyclic compound that is composed of alternating heteroatoms and para‐arylenes, were synthesized efficiently by two distinct methods. In a macrocycle‐to‐macrocycle transformation approach, S6‐corona[3]arene[3]tetrazine underwent sequential SNAr reactions with HS‐C6H4‐X‐C6H4‐SH (X=S, CH2, CMe2, SO2, and O) to produce the corresponding corona[3]arene[2]tetrazines. Different corona[3]arene[2]tetrazine compounds were also constructed in a straightforward manner by a one‐pot three‐component reaction of HS‐C6H4‐X‐C6H4‐SH (X=S, CH2, CMe2, SO2, and O) with diethyl 2,5‐dimercaptoterephthalate and 2 equiv of 3,6‐dichlorotetrazine under very mild conditions. All corona[5]arenes adopted 1,2,4‐alternate conformational structures in the crystalline state yielding similar nearly regular pentagonal cavities. Both the cavity size and the electronic property of the acquired macrocycles were fine‐tuned by the nature of the bridging element X.
Direct Mechanism of the First Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbons Process
Authors: Wu Xinqiang , Xu Shutao , Zhang Wenna , Huang Jindou , Li Jinzhe , Yu Bowen , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the past two decades, the reaction mechanism of C−C bond formation from either methanol or dimethyl ether (DME) in the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH) process has been a highly controversial issue. Described here is the first observation of a surface methyleneoxy analogue, originating from the surface‐activated DME, by in situ solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, a species crucial to the first C−C bond formation in the MTH process. New insights into the first C−C bond formation were provided, thus suggesting DME/methanol activation and direct C−C bond formation by an interesting synergetic mechanism, involving C−H bond breakage and C−C bond coupling during the initial methanol reaction within the chemical environment of the zeolite catalyst.
A Pd@Zeolite Catalyst for Nitroarene Hydrogenation with High Product Selectivity by Sterically Controlled Adsorption in the Zeolite Micropores
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Liang , Shao Yi , Wang Yanqin , Gates Bruce C. , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe adsorption of molecules on metal nanoparticles can be sterically controlled through the use of zeolite crystals, which enhances the product selectivity in hydrogenations of reactants with more than one reducible group. Key to this success was the fixation of Pd nanoparticles inside Beta zeolite crystals to form a defined structure (Pd@Beta). In the hydrogenation of substituted nitroarenes with multiple reducible groups as a model reaction, the Pd@Beta catalyst exhibited superior selectivity for hydrogenation of the nitro group, outperforming both conventional Pd nanoparticles supported on zeolite crystals and a commercial Pd/C catalyst. The extraordinary selectivity of Pd@Beta was attributed to the sterically selective adsorption of the nitroarenes on the Pd nanoparticles controlled by the zeolite micropores, as elucidated by competitive adsorption and adsorbate displacement tests. Importantly, this strategy is general and was extended to the synthesis of selective Pt and Ru catalysts by fixation inside Beta and mordenite zeolites.
A Smart Flexible Zinc Battery with Cooling Recovery Ability
Authors: Zhao Jingwen , Sonigara Keval K. , Li Jiajia , Zhang Jian , Chen Bingbing , Zhang Jianjun , Soni Saurabh S. , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFlexible batteries are essential for wearable electronic devices. To meet practical applications, they need to be mechanically robust and stable. However, strong or multiple bending may sever the interfacial contact between electrode and electrolyte, causing capacity fading or even battery failure. Herein we present a new cooling‐recovery concept for flexible batteries, which involves a temperature‐sensitive sol–gel transition behavior of the thermoreversible polymer hydrogel electrolyte. Once a battery has suffered from strong mechanical stresses, a simple cooling process can refresh the electrode–electrolyte interface. The energy‐storage capability can be recovered with a healing efficiency higher than 98 %. It is believed that this study not only offers new valuable insights, but also opens up new perspectives to develop functional wearable devices.
Dynamic Cooperative Glycan Assembly Blocks the Binding of Bacterial Lectins to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Machida Takuya , Novoa Alexandre , Gillon Émilie , Zheng Shuangshuang , Claudinon Julie , Eierhoff Thorsten , Imberty Anne , Römer Winfried , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPathogens frequently rely on lectins for adhesion and cellular entry into the host. Since these interactions typically result from multimeric binding of lectins to cell‐surface glycans, novel therapeutic strategies are being developed with the use of glycomimetics as competitors of such interactions. Herein we study the benefit of nucleic acid based oligomeric assemblies with PNA–fucose conjugates. We demonstrate that the interactions of a lectin with epithelial cells can be inhibited with conjugates that do not form stable assemblies in solution but benefit from cooperativity between ligand–protein interactions and PNA hybridization to achieve high affinity. A dynamic dimeric assembly fully blocked the binding of the fucose‐binding lectin BambL of Burkholderia ambifaria, a pathogenic bacterium, to epithelial cells with an efficiency of more than 700‐fold compared to l‐fucose.
Exploring Planar‐Chiral Amino Siloxides
Authors: Golz Christopher , Steffen Patricia , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present the synthesis, structure, and exemplary reactivity of siloxides with a planar‐chiral N,N‐dimethylaminomethylferrocene backbone. Several zinc complexes based on the racemic as well as the enantiomerically pure silanol were synthesized in the presence of water and crystallographically characterized, and their behavior in solution was examined. The chiral probe present in this system is a valuable tool for identifying the structure in solution. Furthermore, the zinc siloxides exhibit a comparable reactivity to the corresponding silanols. Therefore, they can be regarded as “masked” silanols, especially when the silanols are preparatively inaccessible.
Correlation between Chiral Modifier Adsorption and Enantioselectivity in Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Ni Yufei , Gordon Alexander D. , Tanicala Florisa , Zaera Francisco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInfrared absorption spectroscopy performed in situ at the solid–liquid interface revealed that the adsorption on platinum supported catalysts of 1‐(1‐naphthyl)‐ethylamine, which is used as a chiral modifier in hydrogenation catalysis, occurs through the amine group, not the aromatic ring as is widely believed. Comparisons were performed against a set of related modifier compounds with targeted substitutions to help identify the key moiety involved in the adsorption. It was determined that neither naphthalene‐based modifiers without amine groups nor those with tertiary amine moieties are capable of adsorbing on the metal surface to any significant extent. A direct correlation was also found between the ability of the amines to adsorb on the platinum surface and their performance as chiral modifiers that impart enantioselectivity to the hydrogenation of α‐keto esters such as ethyl pyruvate.
Swelling behavior of poly(n‐butyl acrylate/1,6‐hexane‐diol‐di‐acrylate)/nematic liquid crystalE7 systems: Experimental measurements and modeling by factorial design method
Authors: Dali Youcef Boumédiène , Bouchaour Tewfik , Bouberka Zohra , Bigan Muriel , Maschke Ulrich 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe swelling process of poly(n‐butyl acrylate/1,6‐hexane‐diol‐di‐acrylate) [Poly(Abu/HDDA)] networks, immersed in a liquid crystalline (LC) solvent, was investigated in order to obtain improved swelling ratio values upon application of an original method using a central composite design. The polymer/LC systems under investigation were elaborated via a photopolymerization/crosslinking phase separation process induced by UV radiation of initial mixtures composed of mono‐ and bifunctional monomers, a photoinitiator, and the low‐molar‐weight nematic LC blend E7. The parameters which strongly impact the swelling behavior of Poly(Abu/HDDA)/E7 systems were identified as temperature and concentration of the bifunctional monomer in the initial photopolymerizable mixture, thus controlling the crosslinking density of the final polymer network. The existence of interactions and synergies between these two parameters were also examined. The quality of the model was verified by a good agreement between experimental results and predicted response. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45230.
Fabrication of novel polyaniline/flowerlike copper monosulfide composites with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Sai , Shen Yong 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTNovel polyaniline (PANI)/flowerlike CuS composites with improved electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) were prepared through the in situ polymerization of PANI into the flowerlike CuS microspheres. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible optical absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity testing, and EMI SE testing were used to characterize the as‐obtained products. The results reveal that the flowerlike CuS was uniformly coated by a PANI shell. Most importantly, compared with the original CuS and pure PANI, the novel PANI/flowerlike CuS composites exhibited a remarkably enhanced SE. With a thickness of 3 mm, the optimal EMI SE of the PANI–CuS composites reached −45.2 dB at 2.78 GHz, and an improved shielding efficiency below −18 dB was also obtained over the frequency range from 300 kHz to 3 GHz. This suggested that these novel PANI/flowerlike CuS composites have promising applications in the field of shielding materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45232.
Reinterpretation of the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanorods
Authors: Sapkota Janak , Martinez Garcia Julio Cesar , Lattuada Marco 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe mechanical reinforcement of nanocomposites containing nanorods‐like fillers such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is often interpreted by adapting the classical parallel–series model, assuming a simple hyperbolic dependence between the percolation threshold and aspect ratio. However, such assumptions are valid only for nanorods with high aspect ratio and often are misinterpreting the reinforcement obtained at low volume fraction of filler loading. To elucidate this intriguing scenario, we proposed a new approach and validated it by compiling and reinterpreting some of available literature that represent the experimental reinforcement with CNCs. Our approach showed better accuracy, specifically for the cases of CNC nanorods with lower aspect ratio. We conclude that this route permits a more realistic evaluation of the mechanical reinforcement, where a physical parameter accounting the polymer filler association is introduced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45254.