bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Families’ experiences of involvement in care planning in mental health services: an integrative literature review
Authors: Doody O. , Butler M. P. , Lyons R. , Newman D. 
Published: January 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Current policy advocates for the participation of family carers in care planning.

Caring for a person with a mental illness requires a significant commitment from families to support their relative's recovery.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The evidence of family involvement in care planning is generally fraught with conflicting experiences related to different requirements between mental health professionals, families and service users.

Confidentiality remains contentious at a practice level in terms of information sharing and decision‐making.

There is a requirement and need for a shared understanding around care planning between families and mental health professionals.

What are the implications for practice?

The provision of written information pertaining to families regarding confidentiality is required at service level.

Educational workshops concerning care planning and treatment options should be provided for service users, families and mental health professionals.

Further research into effective service‐wide strategies that explore with families how their engagement can be positively fostered in mental health services is warranted.

AbstractIntroductionMental health service policy stipulates that family carers be involved in care planning.AimTo identify families’ experiences of care planning involvement in adult mental health services.MethodAn integrative review where electronic databases and grey literature were searched for papers published between 01 January 2005 and 10 February 2016.ResultsFifteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) families’ experience of collaboration, (2) families’ perceptions of professionals and (3) families’ impressions of the care planning process. Collaborative decision‐making is not regularly experienced by families with an ‘us’ and ‘them’ divide, perpetuated by a lack of communication, confidentiality constraints and a claim of ‘insider knowledge’ of service users. When involved, families perceive care planning to be uncoordinated and that their lived experiences are not always appreciated.DiscussionFamilies need to be valued, empowered and engaged in care planning and the partnership distance be addressed. Accommodating the views of family, service user and professionals is preferable but not always possible. Our findings suggest that the key element for professionals is to value all ‘insider knowledge’ where possible.Implications for PracticeServices should develop written information on confidentiality for families and facilitate open communication concerning their involvement in care planning.
On the rarity of dioecy in flowering plants
Authors: Käfer Jos , Marais Gabriel A. B. , Pannell John R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDioecy, the coexistence of separate male and female individuals in a population, is a rare but phylogenetically widespread sexual system in flowering plants. While research has concentrated on why and how dioecy evolves from hermaphroditism, the question of why dioecy is rare, despite repeated transitions to it, has received much less attention. Previous phylogenetic and theoretical studies have suggested that dioecy might be an evolutionary dead end. However, recent research indicates that the phylogenetic support for this hypothesis is attributable to a methodological bias and that there is no evidence for reduced diversification in dioecious angiosperms. The relative rarity of dioecy thus remains a puzzle. Here, we review evidence for the hypothesis that dioecy might be rare not because it is an evolutionary dead end, but rather because it easily reverts to hermaphroditism. We review what is known about transitions between hermaphroditism and dioecy, and conclude that there is an important need to consider more widely the possibility of transitions away from dioecy, both from an empirical and a theoretical point of view, and by combining tools from molecular evolution and insights from ecology.
The oldest marine vertebrate fossil from the volcanic island of Iceland: a partial right whale skull from the high latitude Pliocene Tjörnes Formation
Authors: Field Daniel J. , Boessenecker Robert , Racicot Rachel A. , Ásbjörnsdóttir Lovísa , Jónasson Kristján , Hsiang Allison Y. , Behlke Adam D. , Vinther Jakob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExtant baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti) are a disparate and species‐rich group, but little is known about their fossil record in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean, a region that supports considerable extant cetacean diversity. Iceland's geographical setting, dividing North Atlantic and Arctic waters, renders it ideally situated to shed light on cetacean evolution in this region. However, as a volcanic island, Iceland exhibits very little marine sedimentary exposure, and fossil whales from Iceland older than the late Pleistocene are virtually unknown. Here, we present the first fossil whale found in situ from the Pliocene Tjörnes Formation (c. 4.5 Ma), Iceland's only substantial marine sedimentary outcrop. The specimen is diagnosed as a partial skull from a large right whale (Mysticeti, Balaenidae). This discovery highlights the Tjörnes Formation as a potentially productive fossil vertebrate locality. Additionally, this find indicates that right whales (Eubalaena) and bowhead whales (Balaena) were sympatric, with broadly overlapping latitudinal ranges in the Pliocene, in contrast to the modern latitudinal separation of their living counterparts.
Silicon promotes cytokinin biosynthesis and delays senescence in Arabidopsis and Sorghum
Authors: Markovich Oshry , Steiner Evyatar , Kouřil Štěpán , Tarkowski Petr , Aharoni Asaph , Elbaum Rivka 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSilicate minerals are dominant soil components. Thus, plant roots are constantly exposed to silicic acid. High silicon intake, enabled by root silicon transporters, correlates with increased tolerance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the underlying protection mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that silicon interacts with the plant hormones, and specifically, that silicic acid intake increases cytokinin biosynthesis. The reaction of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Arabidopsis plants, modified to absorb high versus low amounts of silicon, to dark‐induced senescence was monitored, by quantifying expression levels of genes along the senescence pathway and measuring tissue cytokinin levels. In both species, detached leaves with high silicon content senesced more slowly than leaves that were not exposed to silicic acid. Expression levels of genes along the senescence pathway suggested increased cytokinin biosynthesis with silicon exposure. Mass spectrometry measurements of cytokinin suggested a positive correlation between silicon exposure and active cytokinin concentrations. Our results indicate a similar reaction to silicon treatment in distantly related plants, proposing a general function of silicon as a stress reliever, acting via increased cytokinin biosynthesis.
The shade‐avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences
Authors: Ballaré Carlos L. , Pierik Ronald 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlants use photoreceptor proteins to detect the proximity of other plants and to activate adaptive responses. Of these photoreceptors, phytochrome B (phyB), which is sensitive to changes in the red (R) to far‐red (FR) ratio of sunlight, is the one that has been studied in greatest detail. The molecular connections between the proximity signal (low R:FR) and a model physiological response (increased elongation growth) have now been mapped in considerable detail in Arabidopsis seedlings. We briefly review our current understanding of these connections and discuss recent progress in establishing the roles of other photoreceptors in regulating growth‐related pathways in response to competition cues. We also consider processes other than elongation that are controlled by photoreceptors and contribute to plant fitness under variable light conditions, including photoresponses that optimize the utilization of soil resources. In examining recent advances in the field, we highlight emerging roles of phyB as a major modulator of hormones related to plant immunity, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Recent attempts to manipulate connections between light signals and defence in Arabidopsis suggest that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling.
Rice calcium‐dependent protein kinase OsCPK17 targets plasma membrane intrinsic protein and sucrose‐phosphate synthase and is required for a proper cold stress response
Authors: Almadanim M. Cecília , Alexandre Bruno M. , Rosa Margarida T.G. , Sapeta Helena , Leitão António E. , Ramalho José C. , Lam TuKiet T. , Negrão Sónia , Abreu Isabel A. , Oliveira M. Margarida 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCalcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are involved in plant tolerance mechanisms to abiotic stresses. Although CDPKs are recognized as key messengers in signal transduction, the specific role of most members of this family remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that OsCPK17 plays a role in rice cold stress response by analysing OsCPK17 knockout, silencing and overexpressing rice lines under low temperature. Altered OsCPK17 gene expression compromises cold tolerance performance, without affecting the expression of key cold stress‐inducible genes. A comparative phosphoproteomic approach led to the identification of six potential in vivo OsCPK17 targets, which are associated with sugar and nitrogen metabolism, and with osmotic regulation. To test direct interaction, in vitro kinase assays were performed, showing that the sucrose‐phosphate synthase OsSPS4 and the aquaporin OsPIP2;1/OsPIP2;6 are phosphorylated by OsCPK17 in a calcium‐dependent manner. Altogether, our data indicates that OsCPK17 is required for a proper cold stress response in rice, likely affecting the activity of membrane channels and sugar metabolism.
Transient symptomatic worsening by atropine in opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome
Authors: Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Nakamura Ryuji , Yamaga Ayano , Haraki Toshiaki , Yasuda Toshimichi , Hamada Hiroshi , Kawamoto Masashi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOpsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is characterized by abnormal eye and systemic involuntary movements, as well as cerebellar ataxia. Some sedatives and anesthetics worsen movements associated with OMS, while there is no known report of a negative effect of atropine. We report on sedation in two patients with OMS. Involuntary movements were transiently worsened after using atropine with midazolam or thiamylal in both, but were not seen when atropine was not used. We speculated that atropine has the potential to exacerbate involuntary movements in OMS due to vulnerability to this agent via unknown mechanisms.
Antibody formation towards porcine tissue in patients implanted with crosslinked heart valves is directed to antigenic tissue proteins and αGal epitopes and is reduced in healthy vegetarian subjects
Authors: Böer Ulrike , Buettner Falk F. R. , Schridde Ariane , Klingenberg Melanie , Sarikouch Samir , Haverich Axel , Wilhelmi Mathias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundGlutaraldehyde‐fixed porcine heart valves (ga‐pV) are one of the most frequently used substitutes for insufficient aortic and pulmonary heart valves which, however, degenerate after 10‐15 years. Yet, xeno‐immunogenicity of ga‐pV in humans including identification of immunogens still needs to be investigated. We here determined the immunogenicity of ga‐pV in patients with respect to antibody formation, identity of immunogens and potential options to reduce antibody levels.MethodsLevels of tissue‐specific and anti‐αGal antibodies were determined retrospectively in patients who received ga‐pV for 51 months (n=4), 25 months (n=6) or 5 months (n=4) and compared to age‐matched untreated subjects (n=10) or younger subjects with or without vegetarian diet (n=12/15). Immunogenic proteins were investigated by Western blot approaches.ResultsTissue‐specific antibodies in patients were elevated after 5 (1.73‐fold) and 25 (1.46‐fold, both P<.0001) months but not after 51 months, whereas anti‐Gal antibodies were induced 4.75‐fold and 3.66‐fold after 5 and 25 months (both P<.0001) and still were significantly elevated after 51 months (2.85‐fold, P<.05). Western blots of porcine valve extracts with and without enzymatic deglycosylation revealed strong specific staining at ≈65 and ≈140 kDa by patient sera in either group which were identified by 2D Western blots and mass spectrometry as serum albumin and collagen 6A1. Vegetarian diet reduced significantly (0.63‐fold, P<.01) the level of pre‐formed αGal but not of tissue‐specific antibodies.ConclusionImmune response in patients towards ga‐pV is induced by the porcine proteins albumin and collagen 6A1 as well as αGal epitopes, which seemed to be more sustained. In contrast, in healthy young subjects pre‐formed anti‐Gal antibodies were reduced by a meat‐free nutrition.
The PTPN14 Tumor Suppressor Is a Degradation Target of Human Papillomavirus E7
Authors: Szalmás Anita , Tomaić Vjekoslav , Basukala Om , Massimi Paola , Mittal Suruchi , Kónya József , Banks Lawrence 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Activation of signaling pathways ensuring cell growth is essential for the proliferative competence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cells. Tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are key regulators of cellular growth control pathways. A recently identified potential cellular target of HPV E7 is the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14, which is a potential tumor suppressor and is linked to the control of the Hippo and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. In this study, we show that the E7 proteins of both high-risk and low-risk mucosal HPV types can interact with PTPN14. This interaction is independent of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and involves residues in the carboxy-terminal region of E7. We also show that high-risk E7 induces proteasome-mediated degradation of PTPN14 in cells derived from cervical tumors. This degradation appears to be independent of cullin-1 or cullin-2 but most likely involves the UBR4/p600 ubiquitin ligase. The degree to which E7 downregulates PTPN14 would suggest that this interaction is important for the viral life cycle and potentially also for the development of malignancy. In support of this we find that overexpression of PTPN14 decreases the ability of HPV-16 E7 to cooperate with activated EJ-ras in primary cell transformation assays.

IMPORTANCE
This study links HPV E7 to the deregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathways. PTPN14 is classified as a potential tumor suppressor protein, and here we show that it is very susceptible to HPV E7-induced proteasome-mediated degradation. Intriguingly, this appears to use a mechanism that is different from that employed by E7 to target pRb. Therefore, this study has important implications for our understanding of the molecular basis for E7 function and also sheds important light on the potential role of PTPN14 as a tumor suppressor.
A Temperature-Sensitive Lesion in the N-Terminal Domain of the Rotavirus Polymerase Affects Its Intracellular Localization and Enzymatic Activity
Authors: McKell Allison O. , LaConte Leslie E. W. , McDonald Sarah M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Temperature-sensitive (
ts
) mutants of simian rotavirus (RV) strain SA11 have been previously created to investigate the functions of viral proteins during replication. One mutant, SA11-
ts
C, has a mutation that maps to the gene encoding the VP1 polymerase and shows diminished growth and RNA synthesis at 39°C compared to that at 31°C. In the present study, we sequenced all 11 genes of SA11-
ts
C, confirming the presence of an L138P mutation in the VP1 N-terminal domain and identifying 52 additional mutations in four other viral proteins (VP4, VP7, NSP1, and NSP2). To investigate whether the L138P mutation induces a
ts
phenotype in VP1 outside the SA11-
ts
C genetic context, we employed ectopic expression systems. Specifically, we tested whether the L138P mutation affects the ability of VP1 to localize to viroplasms, which are the sites of RV RNA synthesis, by expressing the mutant form as a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein (VP1
L138P
-GFP) (i) in wild-type SA11-infected cells or (ii) in uninfected cells along with viroplasm-forming proteins NSP2 and NSP5. We found that VP1
L138P
-GFP localized to viroplasms and interacted with NSP2 and/or NSP5 at 31°C but not at 39°C. Next, we tested the enzymatic activity of a recombinant mutant polymerase (rVP1
L138P
)
in vitro
and found that it synthesized less RNA at 39°C than at 31°C, as well as less RNA than the control at all temperatures. Together, these results provide a mechanistic basis for the
ts
phenotype of SA11-
ts
C and raise important questions about the role of leucine 138 in supporting key protein interactions and the catalytic function of the VP1 polymerase.

IMPORTANCE
RVs cause diarrhea in the young of many animal species, including humans. Despite their medical and economic importance, gaps in knowledge exist about how these viruses replicate inside host cells. Previously, a mutant simian RV (SA11-
ts
C) that replicates worse at higher temperatures was identified. This virus has an amino acid mutation in VP1, which is the enzyme responsible for copying the viral RNA genome. The mutation is located in a poorly understood region of the polymerase called the N-terminal domain. In this study, we determined that the mutation reduces the ability of VP1 to properly localize within infected cells at high temperatures, as well as reduced the ability of the enzyme to copy viral RNA in a test tube. The results of this study explain the temperature sensitivity of SA11-
ts
C and shed new light on functional protein-protein interaction sites of VP1.
Sterol Binding by the Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential for Replication in Yeast and Plants
Authors: Xu Kai , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Membranous structures derived from various organelles are important for replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses. Although the important roles of co-opted host proteins in RNA virus replication have been appreciated for a decade, the equally important functions of cellular lipids in virus replication have been gaining full attention only recently. Previous work with
Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus
(TBSV) in model host yeast has revealed essential roles for phosphatidylethanolamine and sterols in viral replication. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in tombusvirus replication, in this work we showed that the TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins could bind to sterols
in vitro
. The sterol binding by p33 is supported by cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) and CARC-like sequences within the two transmembrane domains of p33. Mutagenesis of the critical Y amino acids within the CRAC and CARC sequences blocked TBSV replication in yeast and plant cells. We also showed the enrichment of sterols in the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions obtained from yeast and plant cells replicating TBSV. The DRMs could support viral RNA synthesis on both the endogenous and exogenous templates. A lipidomic approach showed the lack of enhancement of sterol levels in yeast and plant cells replicating TBSV. The data support the notion that the TBSV replication proteins are associated with sterol-rich detergent-resistant membranes in yeast and plant cells. Together, the results obtained in this study and the previously published results support the local enrichment of sterols around the viral replication proteins that is critical for TBSV replication.

IMPORTANCE
One intriguing aspect of viral infections is their dependence on efficient subcellular assembly platforms serving replication, virion assembly, or virus egress via budding out of infected cells. These assembly platforms might involve sterol-rich membrane microdomains, which are heterogeneous and highly dynamic nanoscale structures usurped by various viruses. Here, we demonstrate that TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins can bind to sterol
in vitro
. Mutagenesis analysis of p33 within the CRAC and CARC sequences involved in sterol binding shows the important connection between the abilities of p33 to bind to sterol and to support TBSV replication in yeast and plant cells. Together, the results further strengthen the model that cellular sterols are essential as proviral lipids during viral replication.
Influence of the Envelope gp120 Phe 43 Cavity on HIV-1 Sensitivity to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Responses
Authors: Prévost Jérémie , Zoubchenok Daria , Richard Jonathan , Veillette Maxime , Pacheco Beatriz , Coutu Mathieu , Brassard Nathalie , Parsons Matthew S. , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Bunupuradah Torsak , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Hwang Kwan-Ki , Moody M. Anthony , Haynes Barton F. , Bonsignori Mattia , Sodroski Joseph , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Shaw George M. , Chenine Agnès L. , Finzi Andrés 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHIV-1-infected cells presenting envelope glycoproteins (Env) in the CD4-bound conformation on their surface are preferentially targeted by antibody-dependent cellular-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to avoid the exposure of Env ADCC epitopes by downregulating CD4 and by limiting the overall amount of Env on the cell surface. In HIV-1, substitution of large residues such as histidine or tryptophan for serine 375 (S375H/W) in the gp120 Phe 43 cavity, where Phe 43 of CD4 contacts gp120, results in the spontaneous sampling of an Env conformation closer to the CD4-bound state. While residue S375 is well conserved in the majority of group M HIV-1 isolates, CRF01_AE strains have a naturally occurring histidine at this position (H375). Interestingly, CRF01_AE is the predominant circulating strain in Thailand, where the RV144 trial took place. In this trial, which resulted in a modest degree of protection, ADCC responses were identified as being part of the correlate of protection. Here we investigate the influence of the Phe 43 cavity on ADCC responses. Filling this cavity with a histidine or tryptophan residue in Env with a natural serine residue at this position (S375H/W) increased the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC. Conversely, the replacement of His 375 by a serine residue (H375S) within HIV-1 CRF01_AE decreased the efficiency of the ADCC response. Our results raise the intriguing possibility that the presence of His 375 in the circulating strain where the RV144 trial was held contributed to the observed vaccine efficacy.IMPORTANCEHIV-1-infected cells presenting Env in the CD4-bound conformation on their surface are preferentially targeted by ADCC mediated by HIV-positive (HIV+) sera. Here we show that the gp120 Phe 43 cavity modulates the propensity of Env to sample this conformation and therefore affects the susceptibility of infected cells to ADCC. CRF01_AE HIV-1 strains have an unusual Phe 43 cavity-filling His 375 residue, which increases the propensity of Env to sample the CD4-bound conformation, thereby increasing susceptibility to ADCC.