bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusions
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This book suggests the need to rethink our understanding corporate power in relation to public health. The most important finding has been the sheer variety and extent of corporate engagements in policy-related activities. This challenges those approaches that focus narrowly on the (downstream) policy process at the expense of the wider context. It also challenges definitions of lobbying that confine the activity to face-to-face or direct contact with officials. The chapter reviews our arguments about social movements from above and below and the nature of the erosion of civil society by corporate strategy. The latter part of the chapter examines prescriptions for public health, including the need to adopt a whole-government strategy cognisant of multiple corporate voices, engage firmly with corporations to reverse the trend towards partnership governance, and go much further with transparency reforms in government and the corporate works, civil society, and science.
The Nitrogen Balancing Act: Tracking the Environmental Performance of Food Production
Authors: McLellan Eileen L , Cassman Kenneth G , Eagle Alison J , Woodbury Peter B , Sela Shai , Tonitto Christina , Marjerison Rebecca D , van Es Harold M 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Farmers, food supply-chain entities, and policymakers need a simple but robust indicator to demonstrate progress toward reducing nitrogen pollution associated with food production. We show that nitrogen balance—the difference between nitrogen inputs and nitrogen outputs in an agricultural production system—is a robust measure of nitrogen losses that is simple to calculate, easily understood, and based on readily available farm data. Nitrogen balance provides farmers with a means of demonstrating to an increasingly concerned public that they are succeeding in reducing nitrogen losses while also improving the overall sustainability of their farming operation. Likewise, supply-chain companies and policymakers can use nitrogen balance to track progress toward sustainability goals. We describe the value of nitrogen balance in translating environmental targets into actionable goals for farmers and illustrate the potential roles of science, policy, and agricultural support networks in helping farmers achieve them.
In and Out of Sight
Authors: Beeston Alix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis book reappraises the connections between modernist writing and photography in the light of new work in visual culture studies that emphasizes the interplay between still and moving images. Arguing for the importance of photography to the work of four major modernist authors—Gertrude Stein, Jean Toomer, John Dos Passos, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—it proposes a new theory of composite literary form in the first half of the twentieth century. Segmented and reiterative, composite modernist writing is shaped by the figure of the woman-in-series, whose appearances and disappearances map its connective and disconnective structure. Understood in relation to the syntax of visual spacing in serial photography, the formal interstices that define modernist writing emerge as textual sites in which the dominant social and political order of modernity is negotiated and reshaped. These gaps signify both as marks of trauma, the wounds of representation according to typologies of race, gender, and class, and as a means for evading or defending against this trauma: a zone of withdrawal and recalcitrance for female characters. Moving in and out of sight, from presence to absence and back again, the woman-in-series in modernist writing destabilizes oppositions of power and vulnerability as they relate to the interactions of subjects and objects in the representational realm.
Introduction
Authors: Beeston Alix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDrawing on new work in the still–moving field, which offers an affirmative critique of the exchanges between the photographic and cinematographic image, this Introduction overhauls received narratives about the complex exchanges that exist between modern visual technologies and modernist writing. It moves across nineteenth- and twentieth-century photography history in arguing that photography is a sequential and grammatical art that denaturalizes the real through its silences, absences, and equivocations. In this, photography offers a compelling model for reading a composite mode of modernist writing that shares its intervallic aesthetic and narrative logic, and especially for reconceiving subject–object relations in that writing. This chapter introduces the trope of the woman-in-series, which stages the insurrectionary potential of the visible and invisible, silent and speaking subject in literary modernism.
Frozen in the Glassy, Bluestreaked Air
Authors: Beeston Alix 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter interprets the serialized narration and characterization of John Dos Passos’s Manhattan Transfer (1925) in line with the figuring of female bodies through the photographic apparatus of advertisement and celebrity that was ancillary to popular Broadway entertainments in the early twentieth century. Unpacking the image of Ellen Thatcher, Dos Passos’s central character, as a photograph at the end of the multilinear novel, it accounts for Dos Passos’s critique of the patriarchal, white-centric specular economy of the modern city. The photographic freezing of the wealthy, white Ellen registers her imprisonment to the male gaze and her resistance to those who are ethnically and socially other to her. Yet by the additive construction of its female characters, Manhattan Transfer undercuts Ellen’s sense of her essentialized difference from the novel’s other women.
Defaults and lexical prototypes
Authors: Malouf Robert 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Inheritance plays several distinct but crucial roles in the representation of linguistic information in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar and other constraint-based frameworks. The primary use of inheritance is in the definition of the type signature, a specification of what counts as a well-formed linguistic object. In more recent developments of the theory, inheritance is also used to express substantive linguistic generalizations. This latter use is quite different from the original problem that inheritance was introduced into HPSG to solve, and there are other knowledge representation devices that might be more appropriate. In particular, delegation can also be used to express linguistic generalizations. The use of delegation can simplify HPSG analyses of some phenomena and can also clarify some of the issues that arise in the use default unification.
Systemic polyfunctionality and morphology–syntax interdependencies
Authors: Ackerman Farrell , Bonami Olivier 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The chapter examines classes of grammatical markers that can serve more than one function, polyfunctional markers, spoiling the one-to-one form and function relation which is what morphology tends to do. There are areas of the grammar more prone to this behaviour suggesting that there may be at work principles of morphological organization that lie orthogonally to sign-based principles such as Transparency. The distributions attested in Tundra Nenets provide a fertile ground for exploration because they combine polyfunctionality with cumulative exponence, where a single paradigm indexes two sets of features. Recasting Blevins’ (2016) abstractive analysis as a default inheritance hierarchy the analysis is guided by insights from Paradigm Function Morphology and Sign Based Construction Grammar, and treats polyfunctionality as the realization of a unifying morphomic feature that abstracts away what is common between different morphosyntactic configurations.
Reinventing Business Models
Authors: Volberda Henk , Van Den Bosch Frans A.J. , Heij Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough research on business model innovation is flourishing internationally, important questions on the ‘how’, ‘what’, and ‘when’ of this process remain largely unanswered, particularly in regard to the role of top management. Using new knowledge derived from a survey among firms from various industries and several case studies, this book seeks to give us better understanding of ‘how’ firms can innovate their business model, ‘what’ kind of levers management should work on, and ‘when’ management should change the business model. It particularly considers one key question: is it better to replicate existing models or develop new ones? Renewal is especially vital in highly competitive environments. Nonetheless, whatever the environment, high levels of both replication and renewal will be key for a firm to succeed. This book looks at four levers that can be used by managers to innovate their business model: management itself, organizational form, technology, and co-creation with external parties are analysed. Furthermore, specific combinations which strengthen business model innovation are analysed. To help firms, the book also explores the different factors that can either enable or inhibit business model innovation. Through an investigation of replication versus renewal and of strategy-driven versus client-driven change, four distinct modes of business model innovation are identified: exploit and improve (replication which is strategy-driven); exploit and connect (replication which is customer-driven); explore and connect (renewal which is customer-driven); and explore and dominate (renewal which is strategy-driven). This book ends with a list of managerial dos and don’ts for business model innovation.
Introduction
Authors: Peach Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides a short introduction to the book, defining the roles of leadership and management in general and as applied to science in particular. Management in modern society is inescapable. However much people might complain about it (and everyone does, sometimes with reason), it is necessary. It organizes and facilitates the achievement of collective or individual goals by ensuring that’things happen’. But the management that is the subject of this book is at a higher level–defining the scientific objectives, recruiting the team to achieve those objectives, garnering the resources needed and ensuring that the achievements, when achieved, are properly recognized and publicized. This is the ’leadership’ side of management. This chapter discusses the role of challenge in science and in science management, as well as the importance of teams. In addition, it provides a layout of the book.
Managing Projects
Authors: Peach Ken 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter reviews and provides examples of elements and techniques of project management. In the good old days, when conception to completion was a few months, the process of project management was relatively informal. However, with the increasing complexity and cost of projects, many routinely costing millions and some costing billions, the process has become more formalized. This chapter discusses the roles of the client, the sponsor, the leader, the manager and the team member. In addition, the three key parameters of project management, quality, cost and schedule, are defined and discussed. Finally, various project management methodologies and tools, such as work breakdown structures, Gantt charts and milestones, are presented.
Buildings
Authors: Rez Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Most of the energy used by buildings goes into heating and cooling. For small buildings, such as houses, heat transfer by conduction through the sides is as much as, if not greater than, the heat transfer from air exchanges with the outside. For large buildings, such as offices and factories, the greater volume-to-surface ratio means that air exchanges are more significant. Lights, people and equipment can make significant contributions. Since the energy used depends on the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, local climate is the most important factor that determines energy use. If heating is required, it is usually more efficient to use a heat pump than to directly burn a fossil fuel. Using diffuse daylight is always more energy efficient than lighting up a room with artificial lights, although this will set a limit on the size of buildings.
Nuclear Power Generation
Authors: Rez Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The primary advantage of nuclear power is that a lot of energy can be generated from very little material—that too with no ongoing CO2 production. The disadvantage is the problem of dealing with radioactive waste—in particular,137Cs. Although somewhat challenging, it still appears to be manageable. Progress in nuclear fusion research has been slow, but the ultimate reward of almost unlimited energy would make it worthwhile to keep going.
Transportation: Fuel Energies
Authors: Rez Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.
Summary—What Should Be Done?
Authors: Rez Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Energy policy should start with an analysis of what physics and engineering say is possible, followed by an analysis of economics, and not be driven by mandates that favour renewable energy sources. In practice, it is very hard to make renewables such as solar and wind work, owing to their intermittency, and so widespread adoption might not lead to any reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, as demonstrated by the German ‘Energiewende’. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, all base load electrical demand should be generated by nuclear power, as in France. To cut down on energy requirements, industrial countries should transition from a ‘throwaway society’ to a ‘repair’ society, and people should cut down on travel and meat consumption.
Introduction
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter introduces the distinction between thin and thick concepts and then performs a number of functions. First, two major accounts of thick concepts—separationism and nonseparationism—are introduced and, in doing so, a novel account of evaluation is indicated. Second, each chapter is outlined as is the general methodology, followed, third, by a brief history of the discussion of thick concepts, referencing Philippa Foot, Hilary Putnam, Gilbert Ryle, and Bernard Williams among others. Fourth, a number of relevant contrasts are introduced, such as the fact–value distinction and the difference between concepts, properties, and terms. Lastly, some interesting and relevant questions are raised that, unfortunately, have to be left aside.
Conceptual Relations
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This chapter is designed to lay the foundations for the consideration of three anti-separationist strategies, in Chapters Four, Five, and Six. It lays out two models of how thin and thick concepts may relate to one another: the genus–species model and the determinable–determinate model. It argues that the genus–species model is simply separationism by another name. It argues that nonseparationists should not adopt either model because neither can accommodate ‘evaluative flexibility’, which is itself introduced and motivated. The chapter ends by suggesting a different model of conceptual relations that nonseparationists can adopt to understand the relation between thin and thick concepts.
Thick Evaluation
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Having dismissed two other anti-separationist strategies, this chapter presents the best way of attacking separationism and articulating nonseparationism. It is denied that thick concepts can be split into thin evaluation and nonevaluative descriptive content by showing that thick evaluation is itself a basic and fundamental response to the world. Evaluation cannot be reduced to stances that are merely pro or con, as separationists do, because doing so results in a strange view of the world. This idea is elaborated in many ways: the proposal’s radical nature is revealed since the notion of the evaluative is shown to stretch further than one might think; it is suggested that there is no obvious clear dividing line between evaluative and nonevaluative concepts; there is a final discussion of evaluative flexibility; and two worries from Chapter Two are met. Work by Jonathan Dancy, Philippa Foot, Gilbert Ryle, and Bernard Williams is discussed.
Evaluative Cognitivism
Authors: Kirchin Simon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This final chapter considers what implication this study’s account of thin and thick concepts has for metaethics more generally. If one thinks that thick concepts are basic and fundamental concepts, does that mean one is committed to the existence of thick properties? Or, in other words, is there a (thick) evaluative reality? This chapter unpicks a number of assumptions lying behind some evaluative realist accounts (particularly mind-independent accounts of evaluative properties) and shows the way in which a more modest cognitive account of evaluation may work. The chapter ends by indicating at least one further direction for our thoughts, namely the question of how one should understand the difference between concepts and conceptions, and what implications this has for how people communicate with each other and how one should conceptualize agreement and disagreement.
The nineteenth-century English chronometer: a guide to assessing and dating
Authors: Betts Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an accessible and detailed narrative which will enable collectors, dealers, museum curators and auction house staff to assess and ascribe a date (or dates) to a given instrument. The narrative is chronological and describes, decade by decade, how the technical and aesthetic features of the chronometer movement, box fittings and dial all changed over the course of the century. It also emphasises the importance of recognising that these functional instruments were frequently updated and improved over their many years of service, and that this has to be borne in mind when dating, and that such updates and improvements should be considered as part of the objects valid history and not something to be removed.
Characteristics Associated With Treatment Response and Satisfaction in Women Undergoing OnabotulinumtoxinA and Sacral Neuromodulation for Refractory Urgency Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Richter Holly E. , Amundsen C. L. , Erickson S. W. , Jelovsek J. E. , Komesu Y. , Chermansky C. , Harvie H. S. , Albo M. , Myers D. , Gregory W. T. , Wallace D. 
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from J Urol 2017;198:890–896)
Primary treatment approaches for women with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) include medications and behavioral therapy. Patients with UUI refractory to primary treatments may be offered third-line treatment options such as sacral neuromodulation (SNM) or onabotulinumtoxinA.
Effect of Unilateral Tubal Abnormalities on the Results of Intrauterine Inseminations
Authors: Cochet Tiffany , Gatimel Nicolas , Moreau Jessika , Cohade Clémentine , Fajau Carole , Lesourd Florence , Parinaud Jean , Léandri Roger 
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2017;35:314–317)
While intrauterine insemination (IUI) is one of the first lines of infertility treatments and assisted reproductive techniques, the mean delivery per insemination rate is 10.7% and varies widely from one center to another, according to the French registry. This variation could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the treated population, especially with regard to fallopian tube status.
Association of Short Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration-to-Birth Intervals With Survival and Morbidity Among Very Preterm Infants: Results From the EPICE Cohort
Authors: Norman Mikael , Piedvache Aurelie , Børch Klaus , Huusom Lene Drasbek , Bonamy Anna-Karin Edstedt , Howell Elizabeth A. , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Maier Rolf F. , Pryds Ole , Toome Liis , Varendi Heili , Weber Tom , Wilson Emilija , van Heijst Arno , Cuttini Marina , Mazela Jan , Barros Henrique , van Reempts Patrick , Draper Elizabeth S. , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2017;171(7):678–686)
Prenatal administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANSs) reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants and is recommended for women at risk of delivery before 34 weeks' gestation. There is consensus that neonatal benefits are maximized when ANSs are administered 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, but the latest point at which ANSs can be used effectively is unknown.
Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and Vaginal Progesterone for the Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Authors: Oler Elizabeth , Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Hesson Ashley 
Published: December 2017

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Obstet 2017;138:12–16)
Although the incidence of preterm delivery is decreasing in the United States, it is a leading cause of long-term disability, in addition to contributing to maternal adverse events and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The decreasing incidence of preterm delivery is thought to be due in part to the use of progesterone therapy, including vaginal progesterone and intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate (17α-OHP).
Preterm Stress Behaviors, Autonomic Indices, and Maternal Perceptions of Infant Colic
Authors: Gardner Fumiyuki C. , Adkins Cherie S. , Hart Sarah E. , Travagli R. Alberto , Doheny Kim Kopenhaver 
Published: December 2017

Background:While biological and behavioral stress response systems are intact in early gestation, preterm infants' behaviors are often more subtle and difficult to interpret compared with full-term infants. They are also more vulnerable for regulatory issues (ie, colic) that are known to impact caregiver–infant interactions. Biobehavioral measures such as behavioral responsivity and heart rate variability (HRV), particularly cardiac vagal tone, may help elucidate preterm infants' stress/regulatory systems.Purpose:To test the hypotheses that preterm infants' consoling behaviors and high-frequency (HF) HRV in the first week of life are significantly associated and they are inverse correlates of future colic risk.Methods/Search Strategy:Thirty preterm (mean ± SE = 32.7 ± 0.3 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) infants underwent direct NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Development and Assessment Program) observation during routine care and had HRV measurements during their first week postbirth. Sixty-three percent of mothers completed the Infant Colic Scale at 6 to 8 weeks adjusted postnatal age. Nonparametric tests were used to determine associations among behaviors, HRV, and maternal perceptions of infant colic.Findings/Results:Self-consoling behaviors were positively associated with HF-HRV (vagal tone). In addition, stress behaviors were positively associated with low-frequency/high-frequency HRV (sympathetic dominance). Infants who displayed more stress behaviors also demonstrated more self-consoling behaviors. No significant associations were found with colic.Implications for Practice:HF-HRV provides information on the infant's capacity to modulate stress and is a useful, noninvasive measure when behaviors are more difficult to discern.Implications for Research:Further study in a larger sample is needed to determine whether behavioral stress measures and HF-HRV may be useful to determine colic risk.