bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Training During Midlife: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Chen , Arunogiri Shalini , Li Qi , Thomas Elizabeth H. X. , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMidlife has been suggested to be a crucial time to introduce interventions for improving cognitive functions. The effects of cognitive training (CT) in healthy middle-aged populations and more specifically during the menopausal transition have not been systematically investigated. To investigate the effects of CT on cognition in healthy middle-aged adults and specifically in females during the menopause transition, literature was searched inception to July 2023 and studies were included that examined the effects of CT on a defined cognitive outcome. The improvement on cognitive performance following CT was the main outcome measured as mean difference (from baseline to immediate post) estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in meta-analysis and was discussed with the support of subgroup analysis based on outcome type (i.e., far or near-transfer) and cluster tabulations. Nineteen articles were included in the qualitative synthesis with a total of 7765 individuals, and eight articles were included in the meta-analyses. CT was categorized into six type clusters: Game-based CT, General CT, Speed of Processing Training, Working Memory Training, Strategy-based CT, and Cognitive Remediation. Cognitive outcome was divided into six clusters: working memory, verbal memory, language, executive function, attention/processing speed, and visual memory. Meta-analysis reported significant improvement in the domain of executive function (0.48, 95% CI 0.08–0.87), verbal memory (0.22, 95% CI 0.11–0.33), and working memory (0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.26). CT confers benefits on various cognitive domains, suggesting a potential role of CT to promote optimal cognitive functioning in the midlife and specifically in women during the menopause transition.
Testing the AQ10 as a Predictor of Poor Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing Among Newly Ordained Anglican Clergy in England
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Smith Greg , McKenna Ursula 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) was originally designed to identify referrals for professional diagnosis for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), recent studies suggest that this instrument may also be tapping more generalised affective disorders. Working with this revised interpretation and a slightly revised measure (dropping one item), this study examines the predictive power of the AQ10 to account for additional variance, after personal and personality factors have been taken into account, on the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory. Data provided by 388 Anglican curates serving in their second year of ministry in the Church of England or the Church in Wales demonstrated that 3.8% of the participants recorded six or more red flags on the AQ10 (and so qualified for referral for specialist diagnostic assessment) and that higher scores on the revised AQ10 are associated with significantly lower levels of satisfaction in ministry and with significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion in ministry. These data suggest that screening with the AQ10 may be helpful in identifying clergy vulnerable to professional burnout and to poor work-related psychological wellbeing, as well as identifying qualification for referral for specialist diagnostic assessment.
Life, sense-making, and subjectivity. Why the enactive conception of life and mind requires phenomenology
Authors: Bogotá Juan Diego 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the ideas that characterises the enactive approach to cognition is that life and mind are deeply continuous, which means that both phenomena share the same basic set of organisational and phenomenological properties. The appeal to phenomenology to address life and basic cognition is controversial. It has been argued that, because of its reliance on phenomenological categories, enactivism may implicitly subscribe to a form of anthropomorphism incompatible with the modern scientific framework. These worries are a result of a lack of clarity concerning the role that phenomenology can play in relation to biology and our understanding of non-human organisms. In this paper, I examine whether phenomenology can be validly incorporated into the enactive conception of mind and life. I argue that enactivists must rely on phenomenology when addressing life and mind so that they can properly conceptualise minimal living systems as cognitive, as well as argue for an enactive conception of biology in line with their call for a non-objectivist science. To sustain these claims, I suggest that enactivism must be further phenomenologised by not only drawing from Hans Jonas’s phenomenology of the organism (as enactivists often do) but also from Edmund Husserl’s thoughts on the connection between transcendental phenomenology and biology. Additionally, phenomenology must be considered capable of providing explanatory accounts of phenomena
The POSE-2 Procedure for People with Obesity: A Safe and Effective Treatment Option
Authors: Jense Marijn T. F. , Hodde Tymen , Palm-Meinders Inge H. , Bours Paul H. A. , Soufidi Khalida , Boerma Evert-Jan G. , Greve Jan Willem M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Besides lifestyle interventions, medication, and surgery, endoscopic options are becoming part of the current treatment landscape for people with obesity. With the POSE (Primary Obesity Surgery Endoscopic) procedure, endoluminal folds are created in the stomach with full-thickness sutures. Recently, the modified version, POSE-2, was introduced in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the POSE-2 procedure after one year in patients with obesity.

Materials and Methods
All patients treated with the POSE-2 procedure between March 2019 and November 2022 in the Zuyderland Medical Center and the Dutch Obesity Clinic were included in this retrospective data study. Inclusion criteria are as follows: age between 18 and 65 years and a BMI > 30 kg/m2. All patients with contraindications for the POSE-2 procedure were excluded.

Results
Forty-nine patients were included of which 86% were female, with a mean age of 46 years and mean BMI of 34.6 kg/m2. Total weight loss was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months and was 11.5%, 13.2%, and 14.8%, respectively. A median of 14 anchor sutures was used in a median procedure time of 50 min. All patients except one had same day discharge. Postprocedural complaints were mild and consisted of nausea and vomiting (36.7%) and pain (54.2%). No complications were recorded in this group. One week postprocedure, most patients (95.9%) reported feeling satisfied between meals.

Conclusion
The POSE-2 procedure can be applied as a safe and effective treatment for people with obesity. This study presents a positive effect on weight reduction and no complications after 1 year of follow-up.

Graphical Abstract
Effects of Si Solution on Stability of Early 3d Transition-Metal Tri-Aluminides, Al3T (T = Sc, Ti and V)
Authors: Fang C. M. , Que Z. P. , Fan Z. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Addition of the early 3d transition metals results in formation of primary Al3T (T = Sc, Ti and V) phases in Al alloys during casting. The newly formed Al3T particles not only improve the mechanical performance of the products but also act as grain-refiners in the solidification processes. Meanwhile, experiments found impacts of impurities, such as Si, on the formation of the Al3T phases; the mechanism is not fully understood. We here investigate effects of Si solution on the stability and crystal chemistry of the Al3T phases using first-principles density-functional theory. The study has revealed a rich variety of effects of Si solution on the Al3T phases. Si solution stabilizes the D022-Al3Ti structure so that it becomes the ground state, taking over the binary D023 phase. Si solution in D022-V occurs only at elevated temperature. Si solution has little impact on the Al3Sc phase relationship. The obtained information helps characterize the (Al, Si)3 T particles in Al products, understand their role in solidification and further design new Al alloys of desirable properties.
Development of a Frugal Onboard Tire Pressure Monitoring Control System
Authors: Pai Anand , Sunil Neelanshu , Ashik Afraz , Padmasali Anjan N. , Kini Savitha G. , Shenoy B. Satish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTires, the bridge between vehicles and roads, play an unparalleled role in both performance and safety. In everyday use, the tire health is often neglected, with factors such as tread depth, inflation pressure, and tire damage overlooked by most users, leading to $$\sim$$
∼
30% of cars in developed nations, operating with underinflated tires, a situation exacerbated in developing nations. Hence, innovations such as tire Pressure Monitoring Systems have become imperative. The objective of the current work is to develop an economical, direct, on-board tire pressure monitor for automotive tire health upkeep. This is achieved through the integration of a pressure sensor and transmitter with an Arduino, and wireless transmission of the data to the dashboard display. While the initial model, tested on a bicycle, effectively displayed tire pressure on the handlebar-mounted LCD screen with an accompanying LED indicating deviations from the standard pressure, the current design has lot of scope for improvement by the utilization of a wireless technologies for the pressure sensors for continuous monitoring of tire pressures in a range of vehicles from two-wheelers to heavy vehicles.
Assessing energy efficiency of natural gas in China’s transition towards carbon neutrality
Authors: Zheng Jinhui , Guo Meiyu , Lo Kevin , Lian Beilei , Chen Yumin , Wu Yi , Lin Lijie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs countries worldwide strive for a sustainable energy transition, the role of natural gas in achieving carbon neutrality targets has gained increasing attention. This study evaluates the energy efficiency of natural gas (EENG) in China from 2008 to 2021, using the Slacks-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis model to examine temporal dynamics and regional disparities. The spatial Durbin model is employed to investigate the factors influencing EENG, considering spatial spillover effects. The results reveal an overall improvement in China’s EENG over time, with significant temporal and regional variations. Urbanization, environmental regulation, natural gas infrastructure, industrial structure, and technological innovation are found to have significant positive impacts on EENG, with notable spatial spillover effects and regional heterogeneity. These findings contribute to the literature on sustainable energy transitions and provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop targeted strategies for enhancing natural gas efficiency and achieving carbon neutrality in China.
Impact of Nitrogen and Water on Barley Grain Yield and Malting Quality
Authors: Cammarano Davide , Holland Jonathan , Gianinetti Alberto , Baronchelli Marina , Ronga Domenico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBarley is among the most important crops in northern latitudes especially for malting and distilling. Inter-annual weather variability in terms of rainfall and temperature patterns can impact crop uptake of soil water and nitrogen, which influences the crop growth and development. The present study shows the effects of nitrogen and water applied on: (i) specific grain quality traits necessary for distilling; (ii) plant biomass, nitrogen, and yield; and (iii) farmer’s marginal net return. The experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the James Hutton Institute (UK) with two nitrogen fertilizers and two irrigation levels. During the growing season soil mineral nitrogen and soil water content and plant biomass and nitrogen were measured. At harvest yield, yield component, and grain quality traits were determined.2018 was a very dry growing season, as opposed to the wetter 2019 respect to the long-term growing season rainfall (1974–2017). Grain yield in 2018 was higher for the irrigated treatment, but in 2019 the irrigation, due to high rainfall, had lower yield. Environmental conditions impacted grain quality, and the patterns of soil water and mineral N affecting the final quality traits. Despite variable weather conditions the grain quality requirements from the industry of either beer or whisky are met.
The understanding of the agriculturally shaped environment: from the theoretical construct to an applied indicator of sustainable development
Authors: Maruschke Judith-Maria , Wortha Franz , Schiller Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSustainable development of the resource ‘land’ is increasingly being discussed with a focus on rural areas. Understanding is key to solving land use conflicts. It can lead to joint solutions and can thus enable sustainable development at a practical level. It goes beyond environmental consciousness, which is related to general issues, and instead aims to address concrete challenges in the context of sustainable development at an applicable level. ‘Understanding’ with regard to land use conflicts has not yet been defined in the literature. Based on this motivation, it is the aim of this study to create the construct of ‘understanding’ conceptually, to validate it empirically with structural equation modelling, and to demonstrate that understanding might be an important prerequisite for sustainable development. In this case, the focus is not on a general kind of understanding, but rather on specific aspects of understanding in relation to the agriculturally shaped environment in rural areas. The empirical data for the paper were collected by means of a large-scale population survey in Western Pomerania, Germany, a rural peripheral region characterized by typical land-use conflicts in predominantly rural areas. A tripartite division of the construct into cognitive, emotional, and opinion levels was derived theoretically. The construct is supported empirically and that it can be applied as an SDG indicator. Thus, the refined construct of understanding the agriculturally shaped environment can make a substantial contribution towards closing the knowledge/attitude-behavior gap.
Generation of singlet oxygen inside living cells: correlation between phosphorescence decay lifetime, localization and outcome of photodynamic action
Authors: Szewczyk Grzegorz , Mokrzyński Krystian , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for localized lesions and infections, utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PS) upon light activation. Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a key ROS responsible for photodynamic damage. However, the effectiveness of PS in biological systems may not correlate with the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation in homogeneous solutions. This study investigated singlet oxygen generation and its decay in various cellular microenvironments using liposome and ARPE-19 cell models. Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB), and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were employed as selected PS. Lifetimes of singlet oxygen generated by the selected photosensitizers in different cellular compartments varied, indicating different quenching rates with singlet oxygen. RB, located near cell membranes, exhibited the highest phototoxicity and lipid/protein peroxidation, followed by PpIX, while MB showed minimal cytotoxicity in similar conditions. Singlet oxygen decay lifetimes provide insights into PS localization and potential phototoxicity, highlighting the importance of the lipid microenvironment in PDT efficacy, providing useful screening method prior to in vivo applications.
Graphical abstract
The rise of checkbox AI ethics: a review
Authors: Kijewski Sara , Ronchi Elettra , Vayena Effy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) sparked the development of principles and guidelines for ethical AI by a broad set of actors. Given the high-level nature of these principles, stakeholders seek practical guidance for their implementation in the development, deployment and use of AI, fueling the growth of practical approaches for ethical AI. This paper reviews, synthesizes and assesses current practical approaches for AI in health, examining their scope and potential to aid organizations in adopting ethical standards. We performed a scoping review of existing reviews in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), systematically searching databases and the web between February and May 2023. A total of 4284 documents were identified, of which 17 were included in the final analysis. Content analysis was performed on the final sample. We identified a highly heterogeneous ecosystem of approaches and a diverse use of terminology, a higher prevalence of approaches for certain stages of the AI lifecycle, reflecting the dominance of specific stakeholder groups in their development, and several barriers to the adoption of approaches. These findings underscore the necessity of a nuanced understanding of the implementation context for these approaches and that no one-size-fits-all approach exists for ethical AI. While common terminology is needed, this should not come at the cost of pluralism in available approaches. As governments signal interest in and develop practical approaches, significant effort remains to guarantee their validity, reliability, and efficacy as tools for governance across the AI lifecycle.
A Unified Treatment of Families of Partition Functions
Authors: Ahmadi Lida , Gómez-Aíza Ricardo , Ward Mark Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a unified framework of combinatorial descriptions, and the analogous asymptotic growth of the coefficients of two general families of functions related to integer partitions. In particular, we resolve several conjectures and verify several claims that are posted on the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. We perform the asymptotic analysis by systematically applying the Mellin transform, residue analysis, and the saddle point method. The combinatorial descriptions of these families of generalized partition functions involve colorings of Young tableaux, along with their “divisor diagrams”, denoted with sets of colors whose sizes are controlled by divisor functions.
Digital Technology in Healthcare—An Ethical Overview
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove , Fröding Barbro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This overview of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is organized according to major types of medical activities. It discusses important ethical problems in (1) diagnostic uses of AI such as image interpretation and text interpretation, (2) the use of AI as decision support or even as decision-maker, (3) its use for treatment, for instance in robotic surgery, exoskeletons, virtual psychotherapy and therapeutic robots (care robots), and (4) the use of AI for healthcare documentation and communication. Summing up, we emphasize two major challenges in the introduction of AI that should concern not only healthcare professionals but also higher level decision-makers such as politicians and hospital directors. The first of these is the need to retain human contacts between patients and healthcare, in particular contacts that are conducive to patient health and well-being. The second is the need to ensure that the introduction of AI in healthcare does not create or exacerbate injustices in healthcare. This can happen if prevalent human biases are encoded in AI tools. It can also occur if people with less money have to use inexpensive AI tools such as virtual psychotherapists whereas the well-to-do have access to a human psychotherapist. On the other hand, AI tools can be used to provide better healthcare to all who need it, and they can also be programmed to avoid biases and other mistakes that humans are prone to. The article concludes with brief summaries of the articles in the special issue on AI in healthcare that it introduces.
Consus Crater on Ceres: Ammonium‐Enriched Brines in Exchange With Phyllosilicates?
Authors: Nathues A. , Hoffmann M. , Sarkar R. , Singh P. , Hernandez J. , Pasckert J. H. , Schmedemann N. , Thangjam G. , Cloutis E. , Mengel K. , Coutelier M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCeres is a partially differentiated dwarf planet located in the main asteroid belt. Consus crater (diameter ∼64 km) is one of the oldest impact features (∼450 Ma) on the Cerean surface that surprisingly still shows a large variety of color lithologies, including exposures of bright material, which are thought to be brine residues. Here, we present new results that help in understanding the structure and composition of the Cerean crust. These results were deduced by using newly processed Dawn Framing Camera (FC) color imagery and FC clear filter images combined with infrared spectral data of Dawn's Visible and Infrared Spectrometer (VIR). Consus exhibits a variety of color lithologies, which we describe in detail. Interestingly, we found three spectrally different types of bright material exposed by a large old crater on Consus' floor. One of these, the yellowish bright material (Nathues et al., 2023, https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2023/pdf/1073.pdf) and its modification, shows spectral signatures consistent with ammonium‐enriched smectites. We hypothesize that the ammonium in these smectites stems from contact with ascending brines, originating from a low‐lying former brine ocean that has been enriched in ammonium during the differentiation and freezing process of the Cerean crust. This enrichment is mainly due to ammonium uptake by sheet silicates. If such an ammonium enrichment occurred over long‐time scales on a global scale, this process may explain the vast presence of ammonium on the Cerean surface. Therefore, an outer solar system origin of Ceres is possibly not needed to explain the global presence of ammonium.
Nonlinear Wave‐Particle Interaction Effects on Radiation Belt Electron Dynamics in 9 October 2012 Storm
Authors: Kondrashov D. , Drozdov A. Y. , Shprits Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the geomagnetic storm of 9 October 2012, where it had been generally accepted that the resulting prominent outer radiation belt electron acceleration throughout the storm is due to whistler‐mode chorus waves. This storm has been studied previously by two‐dimensional Fokker–Planck numerical simulations with data‐driven quasi‐linear (QL) diffusion rates. However, possible nonlinear (NL) resonant interaction effects on electron flux dynamics haven't been looked at yet. This study aims to fill this gap by demonstrating that theory‐informed rescaling of QL diffusion rates accounting for contributions of NL resonant interactions helps to reproduce better observed increase of electron fluxes by diffusion simulations. We use machine learning, uncertainty quantification (UQ), physics‐perturbed ensemble of VERB simulations and Van Allen Probes observations to identify optimal rescaling of quasi‐linear diffusion rates.