bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of AGN feedback and its impact on galaxies
Authors: Bourne Martin A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFeedback released during the growth of supermassive black holes is expected to play a key role in shaping black hole-host galaxy co-evolution. Powerful, accretion disc driven winds have been invoked to explain both observed scaling relations (e.g., M − σ) and large-scale outflows with mass outflow rates of ~ 100 − 1000 M⊙ yr−1 and momentum rates of up to ~ 30 LAGN/c. Critically, how these winds couple to the host galaxy depends on if they are momentum or energy conserving. I outline observational signatures that could distinguish between these regimes and discuss their roles in establishing galaxy properties. Furthermore, I discuss high-resolution simulations exploring feedback in a multi-phase medium, highlighting how structural properties of galaxies can impact feedback efficiency. Finally, feedback, in the form of collimated jets, is expected to regulate cooling in galaxy clusters. I discuss new simulations of jet feedback using the moving-mesh code AREPO and outline the scope of our new study.
Tidal Disruption Events and stellar-mass black holes in OGLE and Gaia surveys
Authors: Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Hamanowicz A. , Rybicki K. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTidal Disruption Events (TDE) allow to probe the super massive black holes (SMBH) in the cores of galaxies and could be a source of black hole mass growth. We present the search for candidates for TDEs conducted within OGLE and Gaia surveys. Our preliminary results indicate that TDEs can occur in cores of galaxies exhibiting different levels of activity, from quiescent, through weak-AGNs to highly active QSOs. We also present how Gaia can help study the mass distribution of Milky Way single black holes via microlensing.
The Extremes of AGN Variability
Authors: Komossa S. , Grupe D. , Schartel N. , Gallo L. , Gomez J. L. , Kollatschny W. , Kriss G. , Leighly K. , Longinotti A. L. , Parker M. , Santos-Lleo M. , Wilkins D. , Zetzl M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present results from our ongoing monitoring programs aimed at identifying and understanding Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in extreme flux and spectral states. Observations of AGN in extreme states can reveal the nature of the inner accretion flow, the physics of matter under strong gravity, and they provide insight on the properties of ionized absorbers and outflows launched near supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We present new results from our long-term monitoring of IC 3599, WPVS007, and Mrk 335, multi-wavelength follow-ups of the newly identified changing-look AGN HE 1136–2304, and UV–X-ray follow-ups of the binary SMBH candidate OJ 287 after its 2015 optical maximum, now in a new optical-X-ray–high-state.
Observational Progress in Identifying and Characterizing Tidal Disruption Flares
Authors: Cenko S. Bradley 
Published: June 2017

AbstractI present an overview of observational efforts across the electromagnetic spectrum to identify and study tidal disruption flares (TDFs), when a star wanders too close to a super-massive black hole and is torn apart by tidal forces. In particular I will focus on four unexpected surprises that challenge the most basic analytic picture of these events: 1) large inferred radii for the optical/UV-emitting material; 2) the ubiquity of outflows, detected at radio, X-ray, and UV wavelengths, ranging from speeds of 100 km/s to near the speed of light; 3) the peculiar atomic abundances observed in the UV and optical spectra of these objects; and, 4) the preference for these events to occur in post-starburst galaxies.
Gamma-Ray Bursts Polarization
Authors: Götz Diego , Covino Stefano 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe review the current observational and theoretical status of the polarization measurements of Gamma-ray Bursts at all wavelengths. Gamma-Ray Bursts are thought to be produced by an ultra-relativistic jet, possibly powered by a black hole. One of the most important open point is the composition of the jet: the energy may be carried out from the central source either as kinetic energy (of baryons and/or pairs), or in electromagnetic form (Poynting flux). The polarization properties are expected to help disentangling main energy carrier. The prompt emission and afterglow polarization are also a powerful diagnostic of the jet geometry.
Extremely Bright GRB160625B with Short-Soft Precursor and long-hard extended emission: Hints for long-term evolution of the GRB Ejecta
Authors: Zhong Shu-Qing , Lü Jing , Lü Hou-Jun , Zhang Hai-Ming , Huang Xiao-Li , Liang En-Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on studying the high energy emission of GRB 160625B. The lightcurve of prompt emission is composed of three episodes: short-soft precursor, hard main burst, and possible long extended emission. The spectra of first and third episode can be fitted by a multi-color blackbody and cutoff power-law model, respectively. However, the spectrum of second episode was contributed by both multi-color blackbody and cutoff power-law. One can estimate the Lorenz factor of jet of first two episodes by invoking photosphere model as Γ0 ~ 175 and 1694, respectively. It suggests that the ejecta of this case evolved from photosphere dominated initially to internal shock later. On the other hand, the optical emission is very bright during the second episode, which is likely a prompt optical emission. Finally, a more shallower normal decay segment appeared, which is consistent with standard external shock model.
Unexpected genomic features in widespread intracellular bacteria: evidence for motility of marine chlamydiae
Authors: Collingro Astrid , Köstlbacher Stephan , Mussmann Marc , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Hallam Steven J , Horn Matthias 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human pathogens and symbionts of protists. Molecular evidence indicates a tremendous diversity of chlamydiae particularly in marine environments, yet our current knowledge is based mainly on terrestrial representatives. Here we provide first insights into the biology of marine chlamydiae representing three divergent clades. Our analysis of single-cell amplified genomes revealed hallmarks of the chlamydial lifestyle, supporting the ancient origin of their characteristic developmental cycle and major virulence mechanisms. Surprisingly, these chlamydial genomes encode a complete flagellar apparatus, a previously unreported feature. We show that flagella are an ancient trait that was subject to differential gene loss among extant chlamydiae. Together with a chemotaxis system, these marine chlamydiae are likely motile, with flagella potentially playing a role during host cell infection. This study broadens our view on chlamydial biology and indicates a largely underestimated potential to adapt to different hosts and environments.
Recurrent mutation of IGF signalling genes and distinct patterns of genomic rearrangement in osteosarcoma
Authors: Behjati Sam , Tarpey Patrick S. , Haase Kerstin , Ye Hongtao , Young Matthew D. , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Farndon Sarah J. , Collord Grace , Wedge David C. , Martincorena Inigo , Cooke Susanna L. , Davies Helen , Mifsud William , Lidgren Mathias , Martin Sancha , Latimer Calli , Maddison Mark , Butler Adam P. , Teague Jon W. , Pillay Nischalan , Shlien Adam , McDermott Ultan , Futreal P. Andrew , Baumhoer Daniel , Zaikova Olga , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Myklebost Ola , Amary M. Fernanda , Tirabosco Roberto , Van Loo Peter , Stratton Michael R. , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Campbell Peter J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a primary malignancy of bone that affects children and adults. Here, we present the largest sequencing study of osteosarcoma to date, comprising 112 childhood and adult tumours encompassing all major histological subtypes. A key finding of our study is the identification of mutations in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling genes in 8/112 (7%) of cases. We validate this observation using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in an additional 87 osteosarcomas, with IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) amplification observed in 14% of tumours. These findings may inform patient selection in future trials of IGF1R inhibitors in osteosarcoma. Analysing patterns of mutation, we identify distinct rearrangement profiles including a process characterized by chromothripsis and amplification. This process operates recurrently at discrete genomic regions and generates driver mutations. It may represent an age-independent mutational mechanism that contributes to the development of osteosarcoma in children and adults alike.
Symmetry-based indicators of band topology in the 230 space groups
Authors: Po Hoi Chun , Vishwanath Ashvin , Watanabe Haruki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe interplay between symmetry and topology leads to a rich variety of electronic topological phases, protecting states such as the topological insulators and Dirac semimetals. Previous results, like the Fu-Kane parity criterion for inversion-symmetric topological insulators, demonstrate that symmetry labels can sometimes unambiguously indicate underlying band topology. Here we develop a systematic approach to expose all such symmetry-based indicators of band topology in all the 230 space groups. This is achieved by first developing an efficient way to represent band structures in terms of elementary basis states, and then isolating the topological ones by removing the subset of atomic insulators, defined by the existence of localized symmetric Wannier functions. Aside from encompassing all earlier results on such indicators, including in particular the notion of filling-enforced quantum band insulators, our theory identifies symmetry settings with previously hidden forms of band topology, and can be applied to the search for topological materials.
Atomic and electronic basis for the serrations of refractory high-entropy alloys
Authors: Wang William Yi , Shang Shun Li , Wang Yi , Han Fengbo , Darling Kristopher A. , Wu Yidong , Xie Xie , Senkov Oleg N. , Li Jinshan , Hui Xi Dong , Dahmen Karin A. , Liaw Peter K. , Kecskes Laszlo J. , Liu Zi-Kui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRefractory high-entropy alloys present attractive mechanical properties, i.e., high yield strength and fracture toughness, making them potential candidates for structural applications. Understandings of atomic and electronic interactions are important to reveal the origins for the formation of high-entropy alloys and their structure−dominated mechanical properties, thus enabling the development of a predictive approach for rapidly designing advanced materials. Here, we report the atomic and electronic basis for the valence−electron-concentration-categorized principles and the observed serration behavior in high-entropy alloys and high-entropy metallic glass, including MoNbTaW, MoNbVW, MoTaVW, HfNbTiZr, and Vitreloy-1 MG (Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5). We find that the yield strengths of high-entropy alloys and high-entropy metallic glass are a power-law function of the electron-work function, which is dominated by local atomic arrangements. Further, a reliance on the bonding-charge density provides a groundbreaking insight into the nature of loosely bonded spots in materials. The presence of strongly bonded clusters and weakly bonded glue atoms imply a serrated deformation of high-entropy alloys, resulting in intermittent avalanches of defects movement.
Metabolite profiling in identifying metabolic biomarkers in older people with late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tam Zhi Yang , Ng Sean Pin , Tan Ling Qiao , Lin Chih-Hsien , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Klenk Jochen , Boehm Bernhard Otto ,   SPC Team, Kiat Kelvin Goh Kau , Suwanchaikasem Pipob , Tipthara Pornpimol , Yi Yang Song ,   ActiFE Study Group, Becker T. , Stingl J. , Koenig W. , Riepe M. , Peter R. , Geiger H. , Ludolph A. , Arnim C. v. , Nagel G. , Weinmayr G. , Rapp K. , Denkinger M. D. , Dallmeier D. , Steinacker J. M. , Laszlo R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRegulation of blood glucose requires precise coordination between different endocrine systems and multiple organs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) arises from a dysregulated response to elevated glucose levels in the circulation. Globally, the prevalence of T2D has increased dramatically in all age groups. T2D in older adults is associated with higher mortality and reduced functional status, leading to higher rate of institutionalization. Despite the potential healthcare challenges associated with the presence of T2D in the elderly, the pathogenesis and phenotype of late-onset T2D is not well studied. Here we applied untargeted metabolite profiling of urine samples from people with and without late-onset T2D using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to identify urinary biomarkers for late-onset T2D in the elderly. Statistical modeling of measurements and thorough validation of structural assignment using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have led to the identification of metabolite biomarkers associated with late-onset T2D. Lower levels of phenylalanine, acetylhistidine, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were found in urine samples of T2D subjects validated with commercial standards. Elevated levels of 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA), which previously has only been implicated in animal model of diabetes, was found in urine of older people with T2D.
A Simple and Rapid Turn On ESIPT Fluorescent Probe for Colorimetric and Ratiometric Detection of Biothiols in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhu Meiqing , Jiang Erkang , Hua Rimao , Na Risong , Li Qing X. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBiothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a key role in an extensive range of physiological processes and biological functions. Therefore, the selective and sensitive detection of intracellular thiols is important for revealing cellular function. In this study, ethyl 2-(4-(acryloyloxy)-3-formylphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (NL-AC) was designed and synthesized as a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe that can be utilized to rapidly, sensitively and selectively detect biothiols in physiological media. The fluorescence intensity of this probe using the three target biothiols at a concentration of 20 equiv. of the probe increased by approximately 6~10-fold in comparison to that without the biothiols in aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LOD) for Cys, Hcy and GSH were 0.156, 0.185, and 1.838 μM, respectively. In addition, both 1H-NMR and MS analyses suggested the mechanism of fluorescence sensing to be excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The novel colorimetric and ratiometric probe is structurally simple and offers detection within 20 min. Furthermore, this probe can be successfully applied in bioimaging. The results indicate high application potential in analytical chemistry and diagnostics.
Lower school performance in late chronotypes: underlying factors and mechanisms
Authors: Zerbini Giulia , van der Vinne Vincent , Otto Lana K. M. , Kantermann Thomas , Krijnen Wim P. , Roenneberg Till , Merrow Martha 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSuccess at school determines future career opportunities. We described a time-of-day specific disparity in school performance between early and late chronotypes. Several studies showed that students with a late chronotype and short sleep duration obtain lower grades, suggesting that early school starting times handicap their performance. How chronotype, sleep duration, and time of day impact school performance is not clear. At a Dutch high school, we collected 40,890 grades obtained in a variety of school subjects over an entire school year. We found that the strength of the effect of chronotype on grades was similar to that of absenteeism, and that late chronotypes were more often absent. The difference in grades between the earliest 20% and the latest 20% of chronotypes corresponds to a drop from the 55th to 43rd percentile of grades. In academic subjects using mainly fluid cognition (scientific subjects), the correlation with grades and chronotype was significant while subjects relying on crystallised intelligence (humanistic/linguistic) showed no correlation with chronotype. Based on these and previous results, we can expand our earlier findings concerning exam times: students with a late chronotype are at a disadvantage in exams on scientific subjects, and when they are examined early in the day.
Challenge of Liquid Stressed Protective Materials and Environmental Persistence of Ebola Virus
Authors: Nikiforuk Aidan M. , Cutts Todd A. , Theriault Steven S. , Cook Bradley W. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAfter the largest Ebola virus outbreak in history, experts have attempted to answer how the Zaire ebolavirus species emerged in West Africa and caused chains of human-to-human transmission. The widespread and untimely infection of Health Care Workers (HCW) in the affected countries accelerated spread of the virus within the community. Among the reasons attributed to this trend, it must be considered that HCW were exposed to the virus in their occupational environment. The contribution of environmental conditions to the spread of Ebola in West Africa was examined by investigating the effect of temperature/humidity on the virus’s environmental persistence and by modeling if saturation (liquid stress) allows for penetration of Ebola virus through personal protective equipment (PPE). Ebola-Makona virus persisted on PPE and materials found in outbreak settings for less than 72 hours at 27 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). A difference in virus penetration was observed between dry (5%, 1/21 tests) and saturated (33%, 7/21 tests) samples of PPE. Infectious virus particles penetrated through saturated coupons of Tyvek Micro Clean, Tychem QC, whole surgical masks and N95 respirators. These findings suggest inclusion of saturation or similar liquid stress simulation in protective equipment testing standards.
The Nep1-like protein family of Magnaporthe oryzae is dispensable for the infection of rice plants
Authors: Fang Ya-Li , Peng You-Liang , Fan Jun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe necrosis- and ethylene-inducing protein 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) are a class of microbe-associated molecular patterns widely distributed across diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms. In spite of the cytotoxic activity in dicot plants, the role of most NLPs in the virulence of plant pathogens is still largely unknown. We showed that the MoNLP family of rice blast fungus varied very little in amino acid sequence, transient expression of threeMoNLPs induced cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species inNicotiana benthamiana, and the expression ofMoNLPswas induced during infection of susceptible rice plants. To further investigate the biological role of theMoNLPfamily, a marker-free gene replacement vector was developed and used to knock out the whole family inMagnaporthe oryzae. Results showed no significant difference in disease levels caused by wild type and the quadrupleΔMoNLPmutant strains. Likewise, the sporulation and radial growth of the two strains were similar under various unfavorable cultural conditions including malnutrition and abiotic stresses. These observations demonstrated that the MoNLP family is dispensable for the fungal tolerance to the tested adverse cultural conditions, and more importantly, for the virulence of blast fungus on susceptible rice plants.
nr3c1 null mutant zebrafish are viable and reveal DNA-binding-independent activities of the glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Facchinello N. , Skobo T. , Meneghetti G. , Colletti E. , Dinarello A. , Tiso N. , Costa R. , Gioacchini G. , Carnevali O. , Argenton F. , Colombo L. , Dalla Valle L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) play important roles in developmental and physiological processes through the transcriptional activity of their cognate receptor (Gr). Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we established a zebrafish null Gr mutant line and compared its phenotypes with wild type and a zebrafish line with partially silenced gr (grs357/s357). Homozygous gr−/− larvae are morphologically inconspicuous and, in contrast to GR−/− knockout mice, viable through adulthood, although with reduced fitness and early life survival. Mutants gr−/− are fertile, but their reproductive capabilities fall at around 10 months of age, when, together with cardiac and intestinal abnormalities already visible at earlier stages, increased fat deposits are also observed. Mutants show higher levels of whole-body cortisol associated with overstimulated basal levels of crh and pomca transcripts along the HPI axis, which is unresponsive to a mechanical stressor. Transcriptional activity linked to immune response is also hampered in the gr−/− line: after intestinal damage by dextran sodium sulphate exposure, there are neither inflammatory nor anti-inflammatory cytokine gene responses, substantiating the hypothesis of a dual-action of the GC-GR complex on the immune system. Hence, the zebrafish gr mutant line appears as a useful tool to investigate Gr functions in an integrated in vivo model.
A low-frequency chip-scale optomechanical oscillator with 58 kHz mechanical stiffening and more than 100th-order stable harmonics
Authors: Huang Yongjun , Flores Jaime Gonzalo Flor , Cai Ziqiang , Yu Mingbin , Kwong Dim-Lee , Wen Guangjun , Churchill Layne , Wong Chee Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFor the sensitive high-resolution force- and field-sensing applications, the large-mass microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and optomechanical cavity have been proposed to realize the sub-aN/Hz1/2 resolution levels. In view of the optomechanical cavity-based force- and field-sensors, the optomechanical coupling is the key parameter for achieving high sensitivity and resolution. Here we demonstrate a chip-scale optomechanical cavity with large mass which operates at ≈77.7 kHz fundamental mode and intrinsically exhibiting large optomechanical coupling of 44 GHz/nm or more, for both optical resonance modes. The mechanical stiffening range of ≈58 kHz and a more than 100th-order harmonics are obtained, with which the free-running frequency instability is lower than 10−6 at 100 ms integration time. Such results can be applied to further improve the sensing performance of the optomechanical inspired chip-scale sensors.
Survey on Aesthetic Vulvovaginal Procedures: What do Portuguese Doctors and Medical Students Think?
Authors: Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Lima-Silva Joana , Fonseca-Moutinho José , Monteiro Virgínia , Águas Fernanda 
Published: June 2017

Objective To assess the medical doctors and medical students' opinion regarding the evidence and ethical background of the performance of vulvovaginal aesthetic procedures (VVAPs).
Methods Cross-sectional online survey among 664 Portuguese medical doctors and students.
Results Most participants considered that there is never or there rarely is a medical reason to perform: vulvar whitening (85.9% [502/584]); hymenoplasty (72.0% [437/607]); mons pubis liposuction (71.6% [426/595]); “G-spot” augmentation (71.0% [409/576]); labia majora augmentation (66.3% [390/588]); labia minora augmentation (58.3% [326/559]); or laser vaginal tightening (52.3% [313/599]). Gynecologists and specialists were more likely to consider that there are no medical reasons to perform VVAPs; the opposite was true for plastic surgeons and students/residents.Hymenoplasty raised ethical doubts in 51.1% (283/554) of the participants. Plastic surgeons and students/residents were less likely to raise ethical objections, while the opposite was true for gynecologists and specialists.Most considered that VVAPs could contribute to an improvement in self-esteem (92.3% [613/664]); sexual function (78.5% [521/664]); vaginal atrophy (69.9% [464/664]); quality of life (66.3% [440/664]); and sexual pain (61.4% [408/664]).
Conclusions While medical doctors and students acknowledge the lack of evidence and scientific support for the performance of VVAPs, most do not raise ethical objections about them, especially if they are students or plastic surgeons, or if they have had or have considered having plastic surgery.