bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioral Deficits Consistent Across Age and Sex in Youth with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Panczakiewicz Amy L. , Glass Leila , Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Riley Edward P. , Mattson Sarah N. ,   the CIFASD
Published: July 2016

BackgroundNeurobehavioral consequences of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure are well documented; however, the role of age or sex in these effects has not been studied. The current study examined the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, sex, and age on neurobehavioral functioning in children.MethodsSubjects were 407 youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 192) and controls (n = 215). Two age groups (child [5 to 7 years] or adolescent [10 to 16 years]) and both sexes were included. All subjects completed standardized neuropsychological testing, and caregivers completed parent‐report measures of psychopathology and adaptive behavior. Neuropsychological functioning, psychopathology, and adaptive behavior were analyzed with separate 2 (exposure history) × 2 (sex) × 2 (age) multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs). Significant effects were followed by univariate analyses.ResultsNo 3‐way or 2‐way interactions were significant. The main effect of group was significant in all 3 MANOVAs, with the control group performing better than the alcohol‐exposed group on all measures. The main effect of age was significant for neuropsychological performance and adaptive functioning across exposure groups with younger children performing better than older children on 3 measures (language, communication, socialization). Older children performed better than younger children on a different language measure. The main effect of sex was significant for neuropsychological performance and psychopathology; across exposure groups, males had stronger language and visual spatial scores and fewer somatic complaints than females.ConclusionsPrenatal alcohol exposure resulted in impaired neuropsychological and behavioral functioning. Although adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure may perform more poorly than younger exposed children, the same was true for nonexposed children. Thus, these cross‐sectional data indicate that the developmental trajectory for neuropsychological and behavioral performance is not altered by prenatal alcohol exposure, but rather, deficits are consistent across the 2 age groups tested. Similarly, observed sex differences on specific measures were consistent across the groups and do not support sexually dimorphic effects in these domains.
Murine uterine decidualization is a novel function of autoimmune regulator—beyond immune tolerance
Authors: Soumya Vasanthi , Padmanabhan Renjini A. , Titus Shiny , Laloraya Malini 
Published: July 2016

ProblemAutoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, and ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, APS‐1) patients characterized by Aire (autoimmune regulator) mutations and Aire homozygous knockouts (Aire−/−) exhibit infertility. It is not clear as to what contributes to infertility in the above.Method of StudyThis study investigates the expression of “AIRE in the uterus” and its contribution to early pregnancy of mice by using quantitative real‐time PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and in vivo Aire silencing experiments.ResultsAire (Isoform 1a) is expressed in the uterus during the “window of implantation” and decidualization. In vivo Aire silencing interfered with formation of implantation sites and stromal cell transformation by regulating bone morphogenetic protein‐2,4 (Bmp2, Bmp4), homeobox A10 (Hoxa10), and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1(Igfbp1) leading to pregnancy failure.ConclusionOur consolidated results on extrathymic uterine expression of AIRE during early pregnancy and decidualization and impaired fertility on in vivo silencing are suggestive of its importance in pregnancy via a role beyond immune tolerance.
Neutrophil depletion reduces endometriotic lesion formation in mice
Authors: Takamura Masashi , Koga Kaori , Izumi Gentaro , Urata Yoko , Nagai Miwako , Hasegawa Akiko , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: July 2016

ProblemNeutrophils are known to be accumulated in endometriosis; however, direct evidence of the impact of neutrophils in the development of endometriosis was lacking. To clarify the importance of neutrophils, we examined the effect of neutrophil depletion on the development of endometriosis.Method of studyOvariectomized, estradiol‐replaced, 8‐week‐old, female BALB/c mice were injected with endometrial fragments (Day 0). Neutrophils were depleted by anti‐Gr‐1 antibody, either in the early stage (from Day 1 to Day 3, group E) or late stage (from Day 8 to Day 12, group L). Control mice (group C) did not receive antibodies. On Day 14, mice were killed and the number and weight of endometriotic lesions were counted and weighed.ResultsThe number of endometriotic lesions was significantly less in group E in comparison with Group C and Group L. Weight per lesion did not differ between groups.ConclusionNeutrophils are essential for the initial formation of endometriosis.
The Immovable Foundations of the Infinite and Immortal: Tocqueville's Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Kitch Sarah Beth V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMy purpose in this essay is to show that the enduring value of Alexis de Tocqueville's work is rooted in his philosophical anthropology, or view of human nature. In Democracy in America, Tocqueville reveals his view of human nature as he treats the relationship between religion and politics in the democratic social state. His political science remains valuable because he understands human beings as creatures distinguished by their desire for the infinite and immortal. In sum, for Tocqueville, religion is an essential support of liberty in the democratic social state because it answers the soul's desire for the infinite and immortal, and provides the foundations for personal and political justice.
Haematopoietic cell transplantation with and without sorafenib maintenance for patients with FLT3‐ITD acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission
Authors: Brunner Andrew M. , Li Shuli , Fathi Amir T. , Wadleigh Martha , Ho Vincent T. , Collier Kerry , Connolly Christine , Ballen Karen K. , Cutler Corey S. , Dey Bimalangshu R. , El‐Jawahri Areej , Nikiforow Sarah , McAfee Steven L. , Koreth John , Deangelo Daniel J. , Alyea Edwin P. , Antin Joseph H. , Spitzer Thomas R. , Stone Richard M. , Soiffer Robert J. , Chen Yi‐Bin 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe performed a retrospective study analysing the effect of sorafenib, an oral fms‐Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3)/multikinase inhibitor, as post‐transplant maintenance in adult patients with FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We identified consecutive patients with FLT3‐ITD AML diagnosed between 2008 and 2014 who received haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in first complete remission (CR1). Post‐HCT initiation of sorafenib (yes/no) was evaluated as a time‐varying covariate in the overall survival/progression‐free survival (OS/PFS) analysis and we performed a landmark analysis of controls alive without relapse at the median date of sorafenib initiation. We identified 26 sorafenib patients and 55 controls. Median follow‐up was 27·2 months post‐HCT for sorafenib survivors, and 38·4 months for controls (P = 0·021). The median time to initiating sorafenib was 68 days post‐HCT; 43 controls were alive without relapse at this cut‐off. Sorafenib patients had improved 2‐year OS in the d+68 landmark analysis (81% vs. 62%, P = 0·029). Sorafenib was associated with improved 2‐year PFS (82% vs. 53%, P = 0·0081) and lower 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (8·2% vs. 37·7%, P = 0·0077). In multivariate analysis, sorafenib significantly improved OS [Hazard ratio (HR) 0·26, P = 0·021] and PFS (HR 0·25, P = 0·016). There was no difference in 2‐year non‐relapse mortality (9·8% vs. 9·3%, P = 0·82) or 1‐year chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (55·5% vs. 37·2%, P = 0·28). These findings suggest potential benefit of post‐HCT sorafenib in FLT3‐ITD AML, and support further evaluation of post‐HCT FLT3 inhibition.
Elotuzumab in combination with thalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone: a phase 2 single‐arm safety study in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Mateos María‐Victoria , Granell Miguel , Oriol Albert , Martinez‐Lopez Joaquin , Blade Joan , Hernandez Miguel T. , Martín Jesus , Gironella Mercedes , Lynch Mark , Bleickardt Eric , Paliwal Prashni , Singhal Anil , San‐Miguel Jesus 
Published: July 2016

SummaryElotuzumab is an immunostimulatory, humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and kills signalling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7–expressing myeloma cells. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of elotuzumab 10 mg/kg combined with thalidomide 50–200 mg and dexamethasone 40 mg (with/without cyclophosphamide 50 mg) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The primary endpoint was the proportion of grade ≥3 non‐haematological adverse events (AEs); other endpoints included the number of dose reductions/discontinuations and efficacy. Forty patients were treated, who had a median of three previous therapies, including bortezomib (98%) and lenalidomide (73%). Grade ≥3 non‐haematological AEs were reported in 63% of patients, most commonly asthenia (35%) and peripheral oedema (25%). Six (15%) patients had an infusion reaction. Twenty‐six (65%) patients had ≥1 dose reduction/discontinuation due to an AE, none related to elotuzumab. Overall response rate was 38%; median progression‐free survival was 3·9 months. Median overall survival was 16·3 months and the 1‐year survival rate was 63%. Minimal incremental toxicity was observed with addition of elotuzumab to thalidomide/dexamethasone with or without cyclophosphamide, and efficacy data suggest clinical benefit in a highly pre‐treated population. Elotuzumab combined with thalidomide may provide an additional treatment option for patients with RRMM.
A 22‐year retrospective study: educational update and new referral pattern of age at orchidopexy
Authors: Wei Yi , Wu Sheng‐de , Wang Yang‐cai , Lin Tao , He Da‐wei , Li Xu‐liang , Liu Jun‐hong , Liu Xing , Hua Yi , Lu Peng , Zhang De‐ying , Wen Sheng , Wei Guang‐hui 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the current age at orchidopexy in China and whether changing targets have altered practice, as research suggesting progressive deterioration in an undescended testis (UDT) has led to the reduction in the target age for orchidopexy to 6–12 months but it is still unknown whether changing targets have altered practice.Patients and MethodsThe demographics of orchidopexies performed in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 1993 and 2014 were reviewed. A survey of the general publics’ awareness of UDT and survey of primary healthcare practitioners’ current opinion on age at orchidopexy and referral patterns were performed.ResultsIn all, 3784 orchidopexies were performed over 22 years. The median age at orchidopexy fell between 1993 and 2014. There was an initial drop in the median age for orchidopexy between 2000 and 2010 (36 months) compared with 1993 and 2000 (48 months) (P < 0.05); however, beyond the corresponding target age (<18 months). The age for orchidopexy between 2010 and 2014 was also beyond the corresponding target age (6–9 months). The survey of the general public showed that 0.98% had knowledge of UDT and none of them knew about the target age for orchidopexy in the survey of 5393 cases. In all, 63.46% of them were told about the UDT by healthcare practitioners at the 1–4 months postnatal baby check. Furthermore, only 2% of the healthcare practitioners knew the recommended age for orchidopexy was 6–9 months and only 14.3% of them would directly make a surgical referral to paediatric surgery specifically at this point.ConclusionsThe recommended orchidopexy age is not being achieved and we recognise the national need to address this. The approach should include the right cognition of cryptorchidism among the general public and earlier primary care referral directly from the routine postnatal baby check to a specialist centre prepared to undertake surgery in this age group.
ProCare Trial: a phase II randomized controlled trial of shared care for follow‐up of men with prostate cancer
Authors: Emery Jon D. , Jefford Michael , King Madeleine , Hayne Dickon , Martin Andrew , Doorey Juanita , Hyatt Amelia , Habgood Emily , Lim Tee , Hawks Cynthia , Pirotta Marie , Trevena Lyndal , Schofield Penelope 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo test the feasibility and efficacy of a multifaceted model of shared care for men after completion of treatment for prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsMen who had completed treatment for low‐ to moderate‐risk prostate cancer within the previous 8 weeks were eligible. Participants were randomized to usual care or shared care. Shared care entailed substituting two hospital visits with three visits in primary care, a survivorship care plan, recall and reminders, and screening for distress and unmet needs. Outcome measures included psychological distress, prostate cancer‐specific quality of life, satisfaction and preferences for care and healthcare resource use.ResultsA total of 88 men were randomized (shared care n = 45; usual care n = 43). There were no clinically important or statistically significant differences between groups with regard to distress, prostate cancer‐specific quality of life or satisfaction with care. At the end of the trial, men in the intervention group were significantly more likely to prefer a shared care model to hospital follow‐up than those in the control group (intervention 63% vs control 24%; P<0.001). There was high compliance with prostate‐specific antigen monitoring in both groups. The shared care model was cheaper than usual care (shared care AUS$1411; usual care AUS$1728; difference AUS$323 [plausible range AUS$91–554]).ConclusionWell‐structured shared care for men with low‐ to moderate‐risk prostate cancer is feasible and appears to produce clinically similar outcomes to those of standard care, at a lower cost.
Evaluation of multifunctional synthetic tetralone derivatives for treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Leng Jing , Qin Hua‐Li , Zhu Kaicheng , Jantan Ibrahim , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Sher Muhammad , Amjad Muhammad Wahab , Naeem‐ul‐Hassan Muhammad , Ahmad Waqas , Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas 
Published: July 2016

Neurodegeneration, a complex disease state, comprises several pathways that contribute to cell death. Conventional approach of targeting only one of these pathways has not been proven to be entirely successful and has demanded a hypothetical change as to how researchers design and develop new drugs. In this study, effects of a series of α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl‐based tetralone derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated. Moreover, their activity toward amyloid β‐induced cytotoxicity was also studied. Six compounds including 3f, 3o, 3u, 3ae, 3af, and 3ag were discovered to be most protective against Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death in PC12 cells. The findings of in vitro experiment revealed that most of these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against MAO‐B, AChE, and self‐induced Aβ1–42 aggregation. The compound 3f exhibited best AChE (IC50 = 0.045 ± 0.02 μm) inhibitory potential in addition to potent inhibition of MAO‐B (IC50 = 0.88 ± 0.12 μm). Furthermore, compound 3f disassembled the Aβ fibrils produced by self‐induced Aβ aggregation by 78.2 ± 4.8%. Collectively, these findings suggest that some compounds from this series have potential to be promising multifunctional agents for AD treatment.
Increased adipsin is associated with carotid intima media thickness and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gursoy Calan Ozlem , Calan Mehmet , Yesil Senses Pinar , Unal Kocabas Gokcen , Ozden Ebru , Sari Kerime R. , Kocar Merve , Imamoglu Cetin , Senses Yasar M. , Bozkaya Giray , Bilgir Oktay 
Published: July 2016

SummaryContextAdipsin, a protein secreted mainly from the adipose tissue, is a structural homologous of complement factor D, a rate‐limiting enzyme of the alternative complement system. Growing evidence suggests that the alternative complement system plays a role both in the regulation of energy homoeostasis and in the atherosclerosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive and metabolic disease.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether circulating adipsin levels are altered in women with PCOS, and whether there is an association between adipsin and metabolic parameters or carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).ParticipantsA total of 144 women with PCOS and 144 age‐ and BMI‐matched controls without PCOS were recruited for this cross‐sectional study.Main Outcome MeasuresCirculating adipsin levels were measured using ELISA. Metabolic, hormonal parameters and CIMT were also determined.ResultsAdipsin levels were significantly elevated in women with PCOS compared with controls (91·52 ± 14·11 vs 60·31 ± 9·71 ng/ml, P < 0·001). Adipsin positively correlated with BMI, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), free testosterone, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and CIMT in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio for PCOS was 3·25 for patients in the highest quartile of adipsin compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR=3·25, 95% CI=2·64–4·00, P = 0·016). Our findings further indicate that BMI, HOMA‐IR, hs‐CRP and free testosterone are independent factors influencing serum adipsin levels and that adipsin is an independent predictor for CIMT.ConclusionCirculating adipsin levels are significantly higher in women with PCOS, and the peptide is closely related to increased cardiovascular risk and metabolic disturbances.
Beyond Inclusive Conservation: The Value of Pluralism, the Need for Agonism, and the Case for Social Instrumentalism
Authors: Matulis Brett S. , Moyer Jessica R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent debate within the conservation community about how to define our mission and delineate our objectives has highlighted frictions between conventional (biodiversity centered) conservation and “new” (socio‐economically driven) conservation. It has also prompted calls for “inclusive conservation,” aimed at accommodating both conventional and new perspectives under one big tent, and quelling continued debate. In focusing on the compatibility between two well established perspectives, however, and constructing conservation as a universal agenda rooted in a common environmental ethic, inclusive conservation reinforces currently dominant thinking in the field. We argue here that, despite its name, inclusive conservation further suppresses marginal views within the conservation community by denying the very existence of margins. Drawing on the work of Nancy Fraser and Chantal Mouffe, we underscore the importance of conflict and agonistic pluralism in maintaining space for historically underrepresented points of view. In doing so, we stake out a position in the conservation debate for what we call social instrumentalism, which is an already marginalized perspective that is further suppressed by calls for inclusivity. Finally, we offer a positive alternative vision for the future of conservation, or more aptly, for a future characterized by many different conservations.
Intralymphatic CD30+ T‐cell proliferation during DRESS: a mimic of intravascular lymphoma
Authors: Weingertner Noëlle , Mitcov Mona , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Cribier Bernard 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionWe describe the case of a patient presenting with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), where cutaneous biopsy revealed intravascular atypical lymphocytes suggestive of lymphoma.Case reportA 77‐year‐old man was treated with antibiotics for a hip prosthesis infection. Eight weeks later, he developed a maculo‐papulous eruption, edema of the extremities, fever and blood eosinophilia. Cutaneous biopsy revealed an atypical T‐cell proliferation into the dermal lymphatic vessels. The lymphocytes were mid‐sized, with mitoses and apoptotic figures. They were CD3+, CD4+, CD5+ and some were CD30+. There was no T‐cell receptor (TcR) clonal rearrangement. Complete regression of cutaneous eruption and eosinophilia was observed after ceasing treatment with antibiotics. The diagnosis was that of a benign atypical intralymphatic T‐cell proliferation associated with DRESS.DiscussionThe occurrence of atypical dermal CD30+ T‐cells in cutaneous biopsy during benign reactive conditions such as arthropod bites or scabies is well‐known. The intralymphatic localization of such atypical reactive lymphocytes is much less common and represents a diagnostic pitfall because it can suggest aggressive intravascular lymphoma.ConclusionWe report the first case of benign atypical intralymphatic CD30+ T‐cell proliferation associated with DRESS. Diagnostic clues include immunohistochemistry, absence of TcR clonal rearrangement, and anatomo‐clinical correlation.
Maternal effects on offspring size in a natural population of the viviparous tsetse fly
Authors: ENGLISH SINEAD , COWEN HONOR , GARNETT EMMA , HARGROVE JOHN W. 
Published: July 2016

1. Theory predicts that mothers should adaptively adjust reproductive investment depending on current reserves and future reproductive opportunities. Females in better intrinsic state, or with more resources, should invest more in current reproduction than those with fewer resources. Across the lifespan, investment may increase as future reproductive opportunities decline, yet may also decline with reductions in intrinsic state.2. Across many species, larger mothers produce larger offspring, but there is no theoretical consensus on why this is so. This pattern may be driven by variation in maternal state such as nutrition, yet few studies measure both size and nutritional state or attempt to tease apart confounding effects of size and age.3. Viviparous tsetse flies (Glossina species) offer an excellent system to explore patterns of reproductive investment: females produce large, single offspring sequentially over the course of their relatively long life. Thus, per‐brood reproductive effort can be quantified by offspring size.4. While most tsetse reproduction research has been conducted on laboratory colonies, maternal investment was investigated in this study using a unique field method where mothers were collected as they deposited larvae, allowing simultaneous mother‐offspring measurements under natural conditions.5. It was found that larger mothers and those with a higher fat content produced larger offspring, and there was a trend for older mothers to produce slightly larger offspring.6. The present results highlight the importance of measuring maternal nutritional state, rather than size alone, when considering maternal investment in offspring. Implications for understanding vector population dynamics are also discussed.