bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reward Learning and Dopamine Release in Adults with 22q11DS
Authors: Van Duin E. , Kasanova Z. , Beck M. , Hernaus D. , Myin-Germeys I. , van Amelsvoort T. 
Published: June 2017

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and associated with an increased risk for psychosis. A dysfunctional motivational reward system is thought to be one of the salient features in psychosis caused by abnormal dopamine functioning. It is unknown whether patients with 22q11DS have a dysfunctional reward system.MethodsThis study aims to investigate reward learning in 22q11DS. The study included 10 adults with 22q11DS (age: 33.1 years, 60% female) and 10 age-gender-matched healthy controls (HC, age: 39.7 years, 60% female). A single infusion 18F-fallypride PET scan was acquired during which all subjects performed a version of the learning phase of the Probabilistic Stimulus Selection Task for reward learning (RL), modified to deliver social feedback.ResultsIQ-scores were significantly lower in the 22q11DS group (P < .001) compared to HC. The 22q11DS group both earned significantly less money (P < .05) and performed worse during the RL-task (P < .05) than HC. However, the learning curve for the RL-task was the same for both groups. IQ-scores were a significant positive predictor for earnings (P < .05) and performance (P < .05), but not for the learning curve.ConclusionsThese preliminary results indicate that people with 22q11DS are capable of learning at the same speed as HC, however they are less susceptible for reward than HC because their overall performance during RL is worse than HC. This lower reward sensitivity could be a result of haplo-insufficiency of COMT in 22q11DS and consequently abnormal prefrontal dopamine functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Early maladaptive schema domains in the first day of menses and 15 days after the menses in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ünsalver B.Ö. , Ulu A. , Hızlı Sayar G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms may affect the physical, psychological and social lives of many women of the reproductive age group. Most women report being extra-sensitive and have difficulties with emotional regulation and some patients report worsening of their psychiatric symptoms during the premenstrual period. Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are developed early in childhood and may remain dormant until they are activated by situations relevant to the particular schema.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that some of the psychological symptoms of PMS may be related to EMS activation and that this activation is due to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle.AimsOur aim was to measure any changes regarding the EMS domains between the first day of menses and 15 days later.MethodsOne hundred and ten women from an architectural and engineering firm were enrolled in the study. After ruling-out psychopathology with Symptom check-list-90-R, remaining women (n = 65) filled out young schema scale short form (YSS-SF) on the first day of menses and 15 days after menses. The time of probable ovulation was defined as 15 days after the first day of menses.ResultsYSS-SF scores regarding the schemas of defectiveness, insufficient self-control, failure to achieve, vulnerability to harm or illness were significantly decreased by the 15th day of menses (P < 0.05). Abandonment, social isolation, dependency, enmeshment and self-sacrifice schema scores remained similar on the first and 15th days.ConclusionsEMS activation may contribute to the PMS symptoms, therefore schema therapy may be an option for those women suffering from PMS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Obesity and Obstetric Complications are Associated with Rapid-cycling in Italian Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Caldiroli A. , Buoli M. , Dell’Osso B. , Carnevali G.S. , Serati M. , Suppes T. , Ketter T.A. , Altamura A.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRapid cycling (RC) worsens the course of bipolar disorder (BD) being associated with poor response to pharmacotherapy. Previous results about clinical variables potentially associated with RCBD were discordant or unreplicated.ObjectivesAn early diagnosis should be the goal to properly treat RCBD patients.AimsTo compare clinical variables between RC and non-RC bipolar patients and to identify related risk factors.MethodsA sample of 238 bipolar patients was enrolled from three different community mental health centers. Descriptive analyses were performed on total sample and patients were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical variables according to the presence of RC by multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs, continuous variables) or χ2 tests (qualitative variables). Binary logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios.ResultsOverall, 28 patients (11.8%) had RC. The two groups were not different in terms of age, age at onset, gender distribution, type of family history, type of substance use disorder, history of antidepressant therapy, main antidepressant, psychotic symptoms, comorbid anxiety disorders, suicide attempts, thyroid diseases, diabetes, type of BD, duration of untreated illness, illness duration, duration of antidepressant treatment and GAF scores. In contrast, RC patients had more often a history of obstetric complications (P < 0.05), obesity (P < 0.05) and a trend to hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.08). In addition, RC bipolar patients presented more frequently lifetime MDMA misuse (P < 0.05) than patients without RC.ConclusionsObesity and obstetric complications are risk factors for the development of RC in BD. Lifetime MDMA misuse may be more frequent in RC bipolar patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cortical Inhibition in Symptomatic and Remitted Mania Compared to Healthy Subjects: A Paired-pulse TMS Study
Authors: Sanjay N. , Basavaraju R. , Biradar S. , Mehta U. , Kesavan M. , Thirthalli J. , Ganesan V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCortical inhibition (CI) is a neurophysiological outcome of the interaction between GABA inhibitory interneurons and other excitatory neurons. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of CI deficits have been documented in both symptomatic and remitted bipolar disorder (BD) suggesting it could be a trait marker. The effects of medications and duration of illness may contribute to these findings.ObjectiveTo study CI in BD.AimsTo compare CI across early-course medication-naive BD-mania, remitted first episode mania (FEM) and healthy subjects (HS).MethodsSymptomatic BD subjects having < 3 episodes, currently in mania and medication-naive (n = 27), remitted FEM (n = 27; YMRS < 12 and HDRS < 8) and 45 HS, matched for age and gender, were investigated. Resting motor threshold (RMT) and 1-millivolt motor threshold (MT1) were estimated from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. Paired-pulse TMS measures of short (SICI; 3ms) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI; 100ms) were acquired. Group differences in measures of CI were examined using ANOVA.ResultsTable 1.ConclusionsSymptomatic mania patients had the highest motor thresholds and the maximum LICI indicating a state of an excessive GABA-B neurotransmitter tone. Remitted mania patients had deficits in SICI indicating reduced GABA-A neurotransmitter tone. Putative changes in GABA-A neurotransmitter system activity with treatment may be investigated in future studies. CI has received less attention in BD as compared to schizophrenia and is a potential avenue for future research in this area.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Family Intervention on Coping Strategies of Relatives of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Savorani M. , Borriello G. , Del Vecchio V. , Sampogna G. , De Rosa C. , Malangone C. , Luciano M. , Pocai B. , Giallonardo V. , Fiorillo A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundRelatives’ coping strategies – an essential element for the recovery of patients with severe mental disorders – are grouped in problem-oriented and emotion-focused. The former include practical strategies to deal with the stressful situation and are associated with a better long-term outcome of patients and relatives; the latter are psychologically driven and are associated with a worse outcome. It has been reported that psychoeducational family intervention (PFI) can improve problem-oriented coping strategies, while few data are available on relatives of patients with bipolar disorder.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the PFI on promotion of problem-oriented coping strategies adopted by relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder.MethodsThis study was conducted in 11 Italian mental health centers. Patients and their relatives were allocated to the experimental group receiving PFI or to the control group (waiting list). Before starting the intervention and at the end of the PFI, coping strategies were assessed using the family coping questionnaire.ResultsOf the 139 recruited families, 72 families were allocated to the experimental group and 67 to the control group. Relatives from the experimental group reported a significant improvement in problem-oriented coping strategies, such as positive communication (P < .01) and searching for information (P < .05). On the other hand, a reduction in collusion (P < .0001), avoidance (P < .01) and resignation (P < .001) were found at the end of the intervention.ConclusionsPFI is effective in promoting the coping strategies in relatives of patients with bipolar I disorder and it should be given routinely in mental health centers.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Implications of COMT and Subclinical Psychiatric Symptoms on the Phenotypic Variability of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Transversal and Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Guerrera S. , Armando M. , Pontillo M. , Papaleo F. , Vicari S. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) results from a hemizygous microdeletion on chromosome 22 and is characterized by phenotypic variability. Several studies have been conducted on the impact of COMT functional polymorphism in 22q11DS, suggesting that attenuated psychotic manifestations are frequent in children and adolescents and represent one of the strongest predictors for the onset of psychotic disorder.ObjectivesWe explored possible interaction between COMT polymorphism and subclinical psychiatric symptoms in a 22q11.2DS cohort of 42 participants aged 6 to 26 years: 17 hemizygosity for COMT-Met and 25 hemizygosity for COMT-Val.AimsTo analyse impact of COMT gene in 22q11DS and its related psychiatric correlates.MethodEach participant, genotyped for the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) Met/Val polymorphism, underwent structured psychiatric and cognitive assessment. Analysis of positive and negative symptoms was performed by the structured interview for prodromal syndromes (SIPS). Finally, longitudinal data available in a subsample of 24 individuals were used to explore the developmental trajectories of psychotic symptoms one year later.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between COMT Val polymorphism and positive symptoms; at follow-up, no significant correlation were found between COMT polymorphism and psychiatric symptoms. No other significant differences were found between groups (Comt/Met-Comt/Val) on any other CBCL or QI score.ConclusionsCOMT and additional genes microdeleted might interact in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in 22q11.2DS: psychotic symptoms might result from an epistatic interaction with other genes. Moreover, gene-environment, in presence of genetic vulnerability could increase the risk of schizophrenia in 22q11DS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicide Attempt in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Vismara M.-E.-M. , Dell’Osso B. , Dobrea C. , Cremaschi L. , Benedetta G. , Arici C. , Benatti B. , Oldani L. , Altamura A.-C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, highly disabling condition, associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality, often secondary to suicidal behaviors. In previous reports, different variables have been associated with a higher risk of suicidal acts, with variable effect.ObjectivesTo evaluate which socio-demographic and clinical variables correlate with suicide attempts in bipolar patients.AimsTo enrich literature data about suicidal behaviour in BD.MethodsA sample of 362 BD patients (DSM IV-TR) was retrospectively collected and divided in two subgroups, in relation to the presence of a previous suicide attempt. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared between attempters and non-attempters using Corrected multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).ResultsA total of 26,2% of analyzed patients attempted suicide in their lifespan, and approximately one third of them had multiple suicide attempts (i.e. ≥ 2; 31%). Depressive polarity at index mood episode, higher number of psychiatric hospitalizations, comorbidity with alcohol abuse, eating disorders and psychiatric poly-comorbidity were significantly associated with suicide attempt. Additionally, treatment with lithium, poly-pharmacotherapy (≥ 4 current drugs) and higher recurrence of psychosocial rehabilitation were significantly more frequent in patients who attempted suicide.ConclusionsThe present paper reported a correlation with some specific clinical variables and the lifetime presence of suicide attempt in patients with BD. Although these retrospective findings did not address the causality issue, they may be of clinical relevance in order to better understand suicidal behavior in BD and to adopt proper strategies to prevent suicide in higher risk patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk of Mental Disorders and Difficulties or Conflict in Relationships in Young Adults
Authors: Gorbeña S. , Penas P. , Calvete E. , Crespo I. , Iraurgi I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHigher risk of mental health problems has been linked with problems in relationships, including the experience of relational conflict with significant others and peers. Conversely, positive relations with others have been established as a key factor of psychological well being.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that psychological maladjustment will be related to the number, nature and severity of relational stressors. Furthermore, there would be a higher likelihood of risk of mental disorders for those who experience more relational hardships and of greater severity. Positive relations with others will protect from risk of mental health problems.MethodA total of 4461 university students completed a health and well-being survey, including the GHQ-12 (centesimal and 3-point cut-off scores), Ryff psychological well-being scale and a scale of 25 life stressors. Indexes of number and severity of difficulties in relationships were calculated with 10 items including romantic partners, friends, family, and classmates.ResultsCorrelations were significant. Logistic regression showed a risk effect for all stressors with OR values above 1.32. Overall perceived severity had the highest value (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 2.16–2.61) and amongst the 10 stressors, gender related abuse/violence was also the highest (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.73–2.09). Positive relations showed a protective effect (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.56–0.54).ConclusionsFindings can inform health promotion, prevention and therapeutic interventions so as to improve the quality of personal relationship and conflict management skills, and to strengthen well-being associated with positive relations with others. Academic institutions committed to student welfare and the promotion of healthy environments should play a major role in young adults’ mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Trial of Wellness Self-management Program for Patients with Severe Mental Illness in an Italian Day Hospital Setting
Authors: Palumbo D. , Landi S. , Margolies P. , Salerno A.-J. , Cleek A. , Castaldo E. , Mucci A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionWellness self-management is an adaptation and expansion of the illness management and recovery, an internationally recognized best practice. WSM is a recovery-oriented, curriculum-based practice designed to help adults with severe mental health problems make decisions and take action to manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.ObjectivesIn the present study, the Italian translation of the WSM was implemented and validated. Moreover, the impact of its application in a day hospital setting on cognitive functions, psychopathology, personal resources and real-life functioning with respect to treatment as usual (TAU) was investigated.AimsThe study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a semi-structured version of WSM in a day hospital setting in patients with severe mental illness.MethodsFourteen patients with a diagnosis of severe mental illness were recruited and randomly assigned to either WSM or TAU. WSM participants attended four 2-hour sessions per week for 1 month, including lessons selected on the basis of the goals of participants. Both groups received weekly planned treatment in the day-hospital setting and continued their pharmacotherapy.ResultsThe two groups of patients were comparable for age, education, cognitive functioning and psychopathological severity. WSM produced a significantly greater improvement in neurocognition, psychopathology, personal resources and real-life functioning with respect to TAU.ConclusionsOur results offer promising preliminary evidence that the use of WSM provides an effective complement to current mental health treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Autistic Traits in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gesi C. , Carmassi C. , Luciano M. , Bossini L. , Ricca V. , Fagiolini A. , Maj M. , Dell’Osso L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPrevious data showed higher autistic traits in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to healthy controls (CTL). It is not known, however, whether this characteristic is shared by other feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) or it is uniquely associated to AN.ObjectivesTo compare autistic traits among individuals with AN, bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and CTL and to investigate which specific dimensions differentiate one group from another.MethodsA total of 241 FED patients (53 AN, 41 BN, 42 BED) and 105 CTL were administered the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), the adult autism subthreshold spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the Ritvo autism and Asperger diagnostic scale 14-item (RAADS-14 Screen).ResultsFED subjects reported higher AQ, AdAS spectrum and RAADS-14 total and subscales scores compared to CTL (all P < .001). No differences were found amongst AN, BN and BED subjects in questionnaires’ total scores. BN group scored higher than AN in the hyper-/hyporeactivity to sensory input domain of the AdAS spectrum (P < .001); AN group scored higher than BED in the attention switching domain of the AQ (P < .001), and BED group scored lower than both AN and BN in the mentalizing deficit domain of the RAADS-14 (all P < .001).ConclusionsWe reported for the first time that not only AN but also BN and BED patients show greater autistic traits compared to CTL. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this preliminary report and to elucidate whether autistic traits either precede, co-occur or follow FEDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Exploring Lithium Impact on Glomerular Function in Bipolar Patients Through Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Tsermpini E.E. , Zhang Y. , Niola P. , Chillotti C. , Ardau R. , Severino G. , Bocchetta A. , Patrinos G.P. , Lee M.T.M. , Squassina A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by unusual shifts in mood and energy and affects 1 to 3% of the general population. Lithium (Li) can prevent patients from depression and mania, as well as reduce the risk of suicide. Unfortunately, a high rate of patients do not respond positively to Li treatment. In line with various studies, Li treatment is also associated with potentially severe adverse reactions, including renal dysfunctions. Specifically, it has been reported that Li may induce reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in long-term treated BD patients.AimsThe aim of our study was to evaluate the contribution of genetic variants in Li-induced reduction of the estimated GFR (eGFR) in bipolar patients, under long term Li therapy.ObjectivesWe screened the literature to identify genes previously shown to be associated with kidney function or Li mechanism of action and genotyped tag SNPs covering these genes.MethodsThe sample comprised 70 Sardinian bipolar patients genotyped for 46 SNPs, located in 33 genes, with Invader assay and Sanger sequencing.ResultsOur results showed that a SNP (rs378448) located in Acid Sensing Ion Channel Neurona-1 (ACCN1) gene, significantly interacted with years of Li treatment in reducing eGFR (F = 4.166, P = 0.046).ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest that ACCN1 (ASIC2) gene could be involved in modulating the susceptibility of BD patients to develop renal dysfunctions induced by chronic Li treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Treatment of maternal antenatal depression
Authors: Arsova S. , Manuseva N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionWorld statistical data show that a large number of mothers suffer from antenatal or postnatal depression and that it is linked with difficulties in personal and emotional development in child.AimTo present the importance of treatment of antenatal depression.Material and methodsWe present is a 32-year-old woman man, with completed high level of education, married, mother of one child, pregnant in first trimester, who suffered of depression several years ago. Diagnosis was made in line with the ICD 10 (F33), and the following diagnostic instruments were used: HAMA, HAMD, clinical interview.We present is a 32-year-old woman man, with completed high level of education, married, mother of one child, pregnant in first trimester, severe depression with depressive mood, weight lost, insomnia, agitation, suicidal thoughts.She was treated in the day hospital of our clinic with SSRI antidepressants, individual and group psychotherapy.ResultsDuring the day hospital stay patient was treated with pharmacologic agents (SSRI anti-depressants – tbl. Sertralline), which showed a great success, that is reduction in the depression, sleep improvement, normal gain weight and regular pregnancy and baby birth with APGAR score 9/9.DiscussionLiterature shows that antenatal depression is associated with poor mother self-care during pregnancy including poor visit of antenatal clinics, substance misuse, low birth weight, preterm delivery and significant intellectual and emotional deficits in children whose mothers were suffered of antenatal or postnatal depression.ConclusionTreatment of antenatal or postnatal depression is very important for mothers’ mental health and for the normal develops of child also.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.