bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Hadley Circulation and Storm Tracks in a Conceptual Model of the Atmospheric Energy Balance
Authors: Mbengue Cheikh , Schneider Tapio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Midlatitude storm tracks shift in response to climate change and natural climate variations such as El Niño, but the dynamical mechanisms controlling these shifts are not well established. This paper develops an energy balance model that shows how shifts of the Hadley cell terminus and changes of the meridional energy flux out of the Hadley cell can drive shifts of storm tracks, identified as extrema of the atmospheric meridional eddy energy flux. The distance between the Hadley cell terminus and the storm tracks is primarily controlled by the energy flux out of the Hadley cell. Because tropical forcings alone can modify the Hadley cell terminus, they can also shift extratropical storm tracks, as demonstrated through simulations with an idealized GCM. Additionally, a strengthening of the meridional temperature gradient at the terminus and hence of the energy flux out of the Hadley cell can reduce the distance between the Hadley cell terminus and the storm tracks, enabling storm-track shifts that do not parallel shifts of the Hadley cell terminus. Thus, with the aid of the energy balance model and supporting GCM simulations, a closed theory of storm-track shifts emerges.
Multimodel Prediction Skills of the Somali and Maritime Continent Cross-Equatorial Flows
Authors: Li Chen , Luo Jing-Jia , Li Shuanglin , Hendon Harry , Alves Oscar , MacLachlan Craig 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPredictive skills of the Somali cross-equatorial flow (CEF) and the Maritime Continent (MC) CEF during boreal summer are assessed using three ensemble seasonal forecasting systems, including the coarse-resolution Predictive Ocean Atmospheric Model for Australia (POAMA, version 2), the intermediate-resolution Scale Interaction Experiment–Frontier Research Center for Global Change (SINTEX-F), and the high-resolution seasonal prediction version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-S1) model. Retrospective prediction results suggest that prediction of the Somali CEF is more challenging than that of the MC CEF. While both the individual models and the multimodel ensemble (MME) mean show useful skill (with the anomaly correlation coefficient being above 0.5) in predicting the MC CEF up to 5-month lead, only ACCESS-S1 and the MME can skillfully predict the Somali CEF up to 2-month lead. Encouragingly, the CEF seesaw index (defined as the difference of the two CEFs as a measure of the negative phase relation between them) can be skillfully predicted up to 4–5 months ahead by SINTEX-F, ACCESS-S1, and the MME. Among the three models, the high-resolution ACCESS-S1 model generally shows the highest skill in predicting the individual CEFs, the CEF seesaw, as well as the CEF seesaw index–related precipitation anomaly pattern in Asia and northern Australia. Consistent with the strong influence of ENSO on the CEFs, the skill in predicting the CEFs depends on the model’s ability in predicting not only the eastern Pacific SST anomaly but also the anomalous Walker circulation that brings ENSO’s influence to bear on the CEFs.
Role of cortical microbleeds in cognitive impairment: In vivo behavioral and imaging characterization of a novel murine model
Authors: Bergeron Sandrine , Chen Yaohua , Auger Florent , Deguil Julie , Durieux Nicolas , Skrobala Emilie , Barus Romain , Potey Camille , Cordonnier Charlotte , Pasquier Florence , Ravasi Laura , Bordet Régis , Gautier Sophie 
Published: January 2018

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) could contribute to cognitive impairment in the general population and in patients with dementia. We designed a study to (i) develop a murine model of CMBs, (ii) assess whether CMBs affect cognition in this model and (iii) assess whether this model is sensitive to pharmacological modulation. Male C57Bl6/J mice were stereotactically administered collagenase to induce cortical lesion analysed by MRI at 24 h. CMB-mice were assessed at six weeks post-lesion for cognitive performances (Barnes maze and Touchscreen automated paired-associated learning (PAL) task) and for cerebral metabolism (in vivo PET/CT with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)). CMB-model sensitivity to pharmacological modulation was assessed by administering atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) over the follow-up period. CMB mice were compared to naïve littermates. Collagenase at 0.8 µU/µl appeared suitable to induce reproducible and reliable CMBs. At six weeks, a decline in learning, spatial and visuospatial memory was significantly observed in CMB-mice. Brain metabolism was impaired in all cortex, striatum and the ipsilateral dentate gyrus. A significant improvement in cognition performances was depicted under atorvastatin. In this novel murine model of CMBs, we validated that CMBs lowered cognitive performances and affected regional metabolism. We also proved that this CMB-model is sensitive to pharmacological modulation.
Intra- and inter-observer agreement in the visual interpretation of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT in malignant lymphoma: influence of clinical information
Authors: Arimoto Maya Kato , Nakamoto Yuji , Higashi Tatsuya , Ishimori Takayoshi , Ishibashi Mana , Togashi Kaori 
Published: January 2018

Background Interim PET/CT is widely performed in lymphoma patients in clinical practice and clinical trials. Visual assessment using a 5-point scale is proposed for PET/CT interpretation, but intra- and inter-observer variation is not fully investigated. Purpose To investigate intra- and inter-observer variations in the reporting of interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in lymphoma patients, and the influence of clinical information on the interpretation. Material and Methods Three expert readers from different institutions interpreted interim PET/CT images of 42 consecutive patients with malignant lymphoma twice, with and without clinical information. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were calculated using the kappa statistic on a patient and a region basis. Results On a patient basis, intra-observer agreement, inter-observer agreement without information, and inter-observer agreement with information were within the ranges 0.48–0.62, 0.51–0.62, and 0.42–0.76, respectively. In the evaluation of lymph nodes, intra-observer agreement, inter-observer agreement without information, and inter-observer agreement with information were within the ranges 0.78–0.92, 0.80–0.82, and 0.77–0.83, respectively. Observer agreements were in almost perfect to substantial agreement categories for most lymphatic organs, but were generally low for the other organs. Conclusion The intra- and inter-observer agreements in evaluating interim PET/CT were relatively low for extranodal lesions, but they were substantial to almost perfect when interpreting nodal regions in malignant lymphoma, irrespective of the provision of clinical information, although memory at the first interpretation might have affected the intra-observer results.
The role of PET and MRI in evaluating the feasibility of skin-sparing mastectomy following neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Malya Fatma Umit , Kadioglu Huseyin , Bektasoglu Huseyin Kazim , Gucin Zuhal , Yildiz Seyma , Guzel Mehmet , Erdogan Ezgi Basak , Yucel Serap , Ersoy Yeliz Emine 
Published: January 2018

Objective To investigate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating the feasibility of skin-sparing mastectomy in patients with locally-advanced breast cancer (LABC) who will undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of PET and MRI compared with skin biopsy results before and after NAC treatment. Methods Patients with LABC who were treated with NAC between November 2013 and November 2015 were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, radiological and histopathological features of the patients were recorded. Results A total of 30 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 52.6 years (range, 35–70 years). Sensitivity and specificity for detecting skin involvement in LABC was 100%/10% (62%/85%) with MRI and 60%/80% (12%/92%) with PET before (after) NAC, respectively. When radiological skin involvement was assessed in relation to the final histopathological results, the preNAC PET results and histopathological skin involvement were not significantly different; and there was no difference between postNAC MRI and histopathological skin involvement. Conclusions As preNAC PET and postNAC MRI more accurately determined skin involvement, it might be possible to use these two radiological evaluation methods together to assess patient suitability for skin-sparing mastectomy in selected patients.
Stability of two anterior fixations for three-column injury in the lower cervical spine: biomechanical evaluation of anterior pedicle screw-plate fixation
Authors: Wu Hai-hao , Tang Tao , Yu Xiao , Pang Qing-jiang 
Published: January 2018

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the stability of anterior pedicle screw-plate (APSP) fixation and anterior vertebral body screw-plate (AVBSP) fixation for three-column injury in the lower cervical spine. Methods Six fresh-frozen human cadaveric specimens of the lower cervical spine were prepared. After measurement of the range of motion (ROM) in the intact state, the specimens were prepared as three-column injury models. The models were stabilized by AVBSP or APSP fixation. The ROM of the models in the two states was measured. The ROM in the two states was compared. Results The ROM of the intact state in all directions was significantly smaller than that of the AVBSP state and significantly larger than that of the APSP state. The ROM of the AVBSP state in all directions was significantly larger than that of the APSP state. Conclusions This study shows that APSP fixation can provide sufficient stability for three-column injury in the lower cervical spine. The primary stability of our models using APSP fixation is superior to that of AVBSP fixation. These results suggest that APSP can be used for three-column injury in the lower cervical spine.
Relationship between antimicrobial-resistance programs and antibiotic dispensing for upper respiratory tract infection: An analysis of Australian data between 2004 and 2015
Authors: Wu Jianyun , Taylor Daniel , Ovchinikova Ludmila , Heaney Aine , Morgan Tessa , Dartnell Jonathan , Holbrook Rachel , Humphreys Lauren , Weekes Lynn , Blogg Suzanne 
Published: January 2018

Objective NPS MedicineWise aims to ensure that medicines are prescribed and used in a manner consistent with current evidence-based best practice. A series of nationwide educational and advertising interventions for general practitioners and consumers were implemented in Australia between 2009 and 2015 with the aim of reducing antibiotic prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The work described in this paper quantifies the change in antibiotic dispensing following these interventions. Methods Antibiotic dispensing data between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from a national claims database. A Bayesian structural time series model was used to forecast a series of antibiotic dispensing volumes expected to have occurred if the interventions had not taken place. These were compared with the volumes that were actually observed to estimate the intervention effect. Results On average, 126,536 fewer antibiotics were dispensed each month since the intervention programs began in 2009 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 71,580–181,490). This change represents a 14% total reduction in dispensed scripts after the series of intervention programs began in 2009. Conclusions Continual educational intervention programs that emphasise the judicious use of antibiotics may effectively reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for the treatment of URTIs at a national level.
Stylet angulation of 70 degrees reduces the time to intubation with the GlideScope®: A prospective randomised trial
Authors: Lee Yong-Cheol , Lee Jiwon , Son Je-Do , Lee Jae-Yoon , Kim Hyun-Chang 
Published: January 2018

Objective The GlideScope® videolaryngoscope provides a good view of the glottis. However, directing and inserting an endotracheal tube is sometimes difficult during intubation with the GlideScope®. In this study, we compared two GlideScope® stylet angulations (90° vs. 70°) in terms of the time to intubation. Methods In total, 162 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the 90 group ( n = 79), a 90° stylet was used. In the 70 group ( n = 78), a 70° stylet was used. The time to intubation was recorded. The number of intubation attempts was assessed. Results The time to intubation was significantly shorter in the 70 than 90 group [26.0 (23.0–32.0) vs. 37.0 (30.0–43.0) s, respectively]. The first-time intubation success rate was significantly higher and the number of failed intubations was significantly lower in the 70 than 90 group (100% vs. 87% and 0% vs. 6%, respectively). Conclusions This investigation suggests that a 70° angle stylet is superior to a 90° angle stylet for GlideScope® intubation. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02547064
Salivary metabolomics profile of patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer as revealed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yantao , Wang Daoming , Zeng Chunwei , Liu Yichen , Huang Guangyuan , Mei Zhanlong 
Published: January 2018

Objective We compared the salivary nontargeted metabolite profiles between patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) and healthy individuals to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with RAU. Methods Saliva samples were collected from 45 patients with RAU and 49 healthy individuals, and the salivary metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolomic profiles were then analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical methods, and enrichment of the metabolites in various biological pathways was assessed. Results In total, 206 significant differentiating metabolites (Wilcoxon test, false discovery rate [FDR] of <0.05) were identified between patients with RAU and healthy individuals. These metabolites were implicated in tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Two commonly circulating steroids, estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, were significantly lower in the saliva of patients with RAU (Wilcoxon test, FDR < 0.05, power > 0.9). Principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis revealed metabolic perturbations involving RAU, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with several metabolites showed good diagnostic ability for RAU. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that patients with RAU are characterized by metabolic imbalances. Psychogenic factors, endocrinopathies, and immunosuppression may contribute to the onset of RAU.
Safety and efficacy of photoselective vaporization of the prostate using the 180-W GreenLight XPS laser system in patients taking oral anticoagulants
Authors: Eken Alper , Soyupak Bülent 
Published: January 2018

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the 180-W GreenLight XPS laser system for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients taking oral anticoagulants. Methods All consecutive patients admitted for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia from November 2012 to October 2016 and who underwent photoselective vaporization of the prostate with the 180-W GreenLight XPS laser were included in the study. The perioperative outcomes examined were the operating time, laser time, energy usage, and duration of postoperative catheterization. Functional parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score, maximum urinary flow rate, and post-void residual urine volume), prostate volume, and serum prostate-specific antigen concentration were examined at baseline and 3 months. Perioperative complications, if any, were noted. Results All functional parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score, maximum urinary flow rate, and post-void residual urine volume) significantly improved from baseline to 3 months. A small number of patients experienced at least one minor adverse event. There was no difference in the rate of adverse events between patients who were and were not taking anticoagulants. Conclusions Photoselective vaporization with a 180-W laser is an efficacious and safe treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, even in patients taking anticoagulant medications.
An Introduction to Institutional Economics: Tools for Understanding Evolving Economies
Authors: Mayhew Anne 
Published: January 2018

The analytical approach, that is, the Original Institutional Economics (OIE), is shown to be founded on three interrelated concepts—enculturation, empiricism in aid of both understanding and policy, and evolution—that are crucial to understanding economic systems. The theoretical framework that has been constructed by institutional economists over the past 100 or so years is explored as are some of the theoretical controversies of recent decades. Differences and similarities between OIE and textbook economics, as well as noninstitutionalist heterodox approaches to economics, are delineated. Finally, three recent works of Institutional Economics—a study of the use of consumer credit, of the labor market associated with casinos, and differences among markets—are used to illustrate the OIE approach in use. JEL Classifications: A12, B15, B25, B40
Transient Spaces and Places: Inside an 80s Cinema Hall in Lahore
Authors: Nabi Hira 
Published: January 2018

The space of cinema in Pakistan is a tense, fraught, constantly shifting territory. It has often come under direct attack for being a corrupting Westernizing influence upon society. It has also been made vulnerable as part of a larger scheme of privatization of public and semi-public spaces, and increasing forms of capitalist globalization. I have been curious about the cinema theater as a site for reception of cinematic content as well as a negotiated space of classed, ethnic and gendered relations. In this extract from a conversational interview, I chat with a Lahori cinemagoer about his memories of cinemagoing in the 1980s. It was a chance to rediscover the city that I grew up in, but in a different time and through someone else’s memories. We talk about his navigation and knowledge of the city’s infrastructure, its possibilities and its limits, all the while locating cinema at the heart of his transgressions under Zia’s military dictatorship
Book Review: Meraj Ahmed Mubarki, Filming Horror: Hindi Cinema, Ghosts and Ideologies and Meheli Sen, Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema
Authors: Nair Kartik 
Published: January 2018

Meraj Ahmed Mubarki, Filming Horror: Hindi Cinema, Ghosts and Ideologies. Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2016, 216 pp., US$45 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-9-3515-0872-4. Meheli Sen, Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017, pp. 264, US$27.95. ISBN 978–1-4773–1158–5.
Barbed Wire Border Fencing: Exclusion and Displacement at the Indo-Bangladesh Borderland
Authors: Datta Abhimanyu 
Published: January 2018

The Government of India decided to fence the entire India–Bangladesh border to prevent the illegal immigration from Bangladesh and to prevent the cross-border illegal and antisocial activities. Since the year 1986, the Government of India started the initiative to construct the border fencing in phase manner. The single wire border fencing which was created in the first phase has been replaced by the composite type of barbed wire border fencing a few years ago. Now the border fencing along the international border between India and Bangladesh has become a structural barrier for the Indian families living at the Country’s territorial edge. The families trapped in the geographical space between actual line of partition and the border fencing are living a restricted and deprived life within the limited land. This study is basically focused on the impact of the border fencing on the citizenship rights of the Indian fenced out families. This article will discuss how the defensive policies of the Government are affecting the citizen’s rights at the border regions of the country and subsequently resulting in displacement.
A Potato Market Integration Analysis for India
Authors: Salmensuu Olli 
Published: January 2018

We constructed co-integration relation and Engle–Granger type error-correction models for the wholesale potato markets of three Indian regions. In addition to the standard result of the existence of error-correction mechanisms in Indian potato markets, the chosen setting allows for inspection of how these market areas differ in their return to the co-integrating relation. The northern area differed from the other market relations studied with its slower return to equilibrium, 8.0–8.6 weeks compared to 5.0–6.3 weeks. The result may indicate that the Delhi and Agra markets are central playing grounds for speculators, speculators manipulating potato prices farther and longer time away from the natural price relation. Short-run or same-week elasticities between the markets studied ranged from 0.12 to 0.34. Long-run elasticities ranged from 0.55 to 1.11. Short-run effect has to be multiplied by approximately four to obtain the long-run effect. JEL: Q13, Q18, R12, R32
Impact of an assertive community treatment model of care on the treatment of prisoners with a serious mental illness
Authors: McKenna Brian , Skipworth Jeremy , Tapsell Rees , Pillai Krishna , Madell Dominic , Simpson Alexander , Cavney James , Rouse Paul 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: This study aims to describe the impact of a mental health assertive community treatment prison model of care (PMOC) on improving the ability to identify prisoner needs, provide interventions and monitor their efficacy. Methods: We carried out a file review across five prisons of referrals in the year before the implementation of the PMOC in 2010 ( n = 423) compared with referrals in the year after ( n = 477). Results: Some improvements in the identification of needs and providing interventions were detected. There was increased use of medication management and clinically significant improvement in addressing engagement with families. Monthly multi-disciplinary team face-to-face contact improved. Conclusions: Meeting the needs of mentally ill prisoners is challenged by the complexity of the custodial environment. Improvements made resulted from changing the model of care, rather than adding new resources.
Physical and psychological health of carers of young people with first episode psychosis
Authors: Poon Abner Weng Cheong , Curtis Jackie , Ward Philip , Loneragan Celia , Lappin Julia 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Carers of people with psychosis may experience psychological distress and caregiving burden. However, few studies have examined both psychological and physical health of carers of young people with first episode psychosis (FEP). Method: A total of 32 young people with FEP and 42 of their carers were recruited from a mental health service. Standardised scales were administered to assess carers’ psychological distress and risk for development of Type 2 diabetes. Their body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Results: A total of 24% ( n = 10) of carers experienced high/very high psychological distress and 39.0% ( n = 16) had high risk for Type 2 diabetes. It was common for carers to be overweight ( n = 33, 78.6%) and to have hypertension ( n = 14, 33.3%). Carers’ higher levels of psychological distress were associated with shorter duration of illness in the young person. Conclusions: Caring for a young person with FEP is associated with poor physical and psychological health. Findings show the importance of supporting carers’ physical and psychological health early in treatment of young people with FEP.