bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF PHENYLPHOSPHINIC ACID
Authors: GARST M. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dianion der Phenylphosphinsäure (II), das aus (I) und 2 Äquivalenten n‐BuLi gebildet wird, läßt sich mit verschiedenen Alkylierungsmitteln (III) zu den Alkylphosphinsäure (IV), mit den Bis‐Alkylierungsmitteln (V) zu den Bis‐phosphinsäuren (VI) umsetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFICITY IN REACTIONS OF ACTIVATED η3‐ALLYL COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM
Authors: ADAMS R. D. , CHODOSH D. F. , FALLER J. W. , ROSAN A. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei Reaktion des endo‐Allylkomplexes (Ia) oder des exo‐Komplexes (IVa) oder einem Gemisch von beiden mit dem Enamin (II) wurde ein einziges Produkt erhalten, das als die Verbindung (III) identifiziert wurde.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLUTION PH‐INDUCED REVERSAL OF STEREOSELECTIVITY. DEUTERATION OF MALONATE METHYLENES IN SOME BIS(MALONATO)COBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: SAKAGUCHI U. , MORITO K. , YONEDA H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Deuterierung von Bis‐[malonato]‐ ethylendiamin‐cobaltat(III) erfolgt in D2O stereoselektiv.
ChemInform Abstract: CALCIFEROL AND ITS RELATIVES. PART 24. A SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D4
Authors: KOCIENSKI P. J. , LYTHGOE B. , RUSTON S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPyrolyse und anschließende Oxidation von A,B‐Des‐ergostan (I) liefert das N‐Olefin, das mit ethanolischem Na‐thiophenolat zu dem Sulfid (II) reagiert, aus dem durch Benzoylierung gefolgt von Oxidation das Derivat (III) synthetisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANES
Authors: PETERS J. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die Synthesen von Bicyclo(3,3,1)nonanen durch Anellierung von Cyclohexan‐ und Cyclooctan‐Derivaten, Ringspaltung von Adamantanen, Gerüstisomerisierungen und aus anderen Bicyclo(3,3,1)nonanen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF LITHIUM HALIDE MONOMERS AND DIMERS
Authors: POTTS A. W. , LEE E. P. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie He(I)‐PE‐Spektren der Monomeren und Dimeren der Halogenide LiX (X : Cl, Br, I) in der Dampfphase werden mit Hilfe der Molekularstrahlmethode aufgenommen und anhand von ab initio‐SCF‐Berechnung sowie unter Berücksichtigung der Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplung interpretiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF PRASEODYMIUM, EUROPIUM AND THULIUM TRIHYDROXIDES
Authors: MULLICA D. F. , MILLIGAN W. O. , BEALL G. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Röntgen‐Einkristalldaten folgt, daß die hexagonale Modifikation der Trihydroxide in der Raumgruppe P63 /m mit Z=2 kristallisiert (Gitterkonstanten).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS. III. ION EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM M BIS(HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE) HYDRATES (TI(HPO4)2.0‐1/2H2O) TO ALKALI METAL AND AMMONIUM IONS
Authors: KOBAYASHI E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Hinblick auf seine industrielle Anwendbarkeit werden die Austauschkapazitäten (Sättigungskapazitäten und Kapazitäten aus 0.1 M MC1‐Lösung) des Titel‐Hemihydrats gegenüber Li‐, Na‐, K‐, Cs‐ und NH4‐Ionen für die Hin‐ und Rückreaktion bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF TRIFLUOROMETHYL ISOCYANATE
Authors: LUTZ W. , SUNDERMEYER W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Curtius‐Abbau zur Synthese der Titelverbindung (III) aus Trifluoracetylchlorid (I) und Azidotrimethylsilan (II) wird optimiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITIES AND ELECTRONIC ASPECTS OF NUCLEIC ACID HETEROCYCLES. 8. REGIOSELECTIVE RADICAL METHYLATION OF CARBON‐2 AND CARBON‐8 OF 6‐ AND 3,6‐SUBSTITUTED PURINES
Authors: ZADY M. F. , WONG J. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVerschiedene Purine (I)‐(IV) werden hinsichtlich einer Methylierung an den C‐Atomen in 2‐ und in 8‐Stellung unter verschiedenen Bedingungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐CUPROPHOSPHONATES. V. THE REACTION OF 3‐ AND 4‐OXOALKANEPHOSPHONATES AND THEIR USE IN AMINOALKANEPHOSPHONIC ACID SYNTHESIS
Authors: SAVIGNAC P. , BREQUE A. , MATHEY F. , VARLET J.‐M. , COLLIGNON N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Phosphonester (I) können nach Überführung in die Kupfer‐Verbindungen mit Halogen‐substituierten Allylhalogeniden (II) in guten Ausbeuten zu den Verbindungen (III) alkyliert und anschließend mit Schwefelsäure zu den Oxoalkylphosphonaten (IV) (verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF SOLID PROTON CONDUCTORS TO TUNGSTEN OXIDE ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAYS
Authors: MOHAPATRA S. K. , BOYD G. D. , STORZ F. G. , WAGNER S. , WUDL F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAußer den Protonenleitungscharakteristika der festen Protonenleiter (I) und (II) wird ihre Eignung als Elektrolyte in den elektrochromen Ganzfestkörperdisplays des symme trischen Typs Auntersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: RATIONAL SYNTHESIS OF UNIDIMENSIONAL MIXED VALENCE SOLIDS. STRUCTURE‐OXIDATION STATE‐CHARGE TRANSPORT RELATIONSHIPS IN IODINATED NICKEL AND PALLADIU BIS(BENZOQUINONE DIOXIMATES)
Authors: BROWN L. D. , KALINA D. W. , MCCLURE M. S. , SCHULTZ S. , RUBY S. L. , IBERS J. A. , KANNEWURF C. R. , MARKS T. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion von Benzochinondioxim mit den Metallchloriden in Ethanol/Wasser werden die Komplexe (I) erhalten, die bei Oxidation mit Iod zu den Produkten (II) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY IN COMPARISON WITH TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME TEST SUBSTANCES
Authors: TILGNER R. , LUESCHER E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie photoakustische Spektroskopie (PAS) ist eine Methode, die zur Analyse der thermischen und optischen Eigenschaften oberflächennaher Schichten eingesetzt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF DIALUMINUM HEPTACHLORIDE FORMATION IN ALUMINUM CHLORIDE‐1‐BUTYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE MIXTURES
Authors: GALE R. J. , OSTERYOUNG R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Säure‐Base‐Eigenschaften von AlCl3/Butylpyridiniumchlorid(RCl)‐Schmelzen bei Molverhältnissen zwischen 2.2: 1 und 0.6:1.0 werden potentiometrisch im Temp.‐Bereich 30‐175°C an elektrochemischen Ketten des Typs A untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE BIHYDROXIDE (H3O2‐) ANION. A VERY SHORT, SYMMETRIC HYDROGEN BOND
Authors: ABU‐DARI K. , RAYMOND K. N. , FREYBERG D. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIm Rahmen der Charakterisierung der Strukturen und des Bindungsverhaltens von Thiohydroxamat‐ und Thiohydroximat‐Komplexen wird in wäßriger NaOH‐Lösung das Tris(thiobenzohydroximato)chromat(III)‐Anion dargestellt, das nach [Et3MeN]‐ I‐Zusatz als gemischtes Salz (I) auskristallisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF HETEROCYCLES. X. ON 1,4,5,8‐TETRAAZADECALINS
Authors: FUCHS B. , ELLENCWEIG A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Strukturen und Konformationen der Tetraazadecaline (I)‐(II) (zugänglich in 54‐78proz. Ausb. aus den entsprechenden Ethylendiaminen und Glyoxal) bzw. (III) bis (IV) (zugänglich in 44/50 bzw. 19proz. Ausb. durch säurekatalysierte Kondensation von 2,3‐Dimethoxy‐1,4‐dimethyl‐piperazin mit den entsprechenden Ethylendiaminen)" werden ausführlich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. PART 23. THE PHOTO‐FRIES REARRANGEMENT OF BIS‐(2‐ACETYLAMINOPHENYL) DISULFIDES
Authors: MAKI Y. , SAKO M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei Bestrahlung mit UV‐Licht liefern die Disulfide (Ia) bzw. (Ib) unter intermolekularer Fries‐Umlagerung die Arylmercaptobenzothiazole (IIa) bzw. (IIb) im Gemisch mit den Benzothiazolen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: METALATION OF PYRANS AND DIHYDROPYRIDINES: HOW TO PREPARE AN 8Π SYSTEM
Authors: SCHLOSSER M. , SCHNEIDER P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Metallierung der Pyrane (I) mit Butyl‐Li (II)/K‐tert.‐Butylat oder mit dem Reagenz (III) erfolgt gleichermaßen in 2‐Stellung; nachfolgende Umsetzung mit den Verbindungen (IV) gibt die Derivate (V).Ebenso wird das Dihydropyridin (VIb) von II/K‐tert.‐butylat nur in 2‐Stellung metalliert [‐+ (VII)]; nachfolgende Einwirkung von D2O bzw. (IVc) gibt die Derivate (VIIIb) bzw. (VIIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN‐CHLORINE CARBENOID EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALDEHYDES AND COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A TRICHLOROMETHYL GROUP
Authors: FILIMONOV B. F. , LITVINENKO G. S. , DVORKO G. F. , MRAMORNOVA S. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAromatische Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit Derivaten des Trichlormethans (II) unter Austausch von Sauerstoff gegen Chlor zu Dichlormethylderivaten (III) und Säurechloriden (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE UNAMBIGUOUS SYNTHESIS OF LIGNANS OF THE 2,6‐DIARYL‐3,7‐DIOXABICYCLO‐(3.3.0)OCTANE SERIES. THE SYNTHESIS OF EUDESMIN AND 4,8‐DIHYDROXYSESAMIN
Authors: PELTER A. , WARD R. S. , WATSON D. J. , COLLINS P. , KAY I. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVerschiedene Synthesen von Lignanen werden untersucht und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS. XII. A. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BENZOCHROMANONES RESULTED FROM CONDENSATION OF 3,3‐DIMETHYLACRYLIC ACID WITH TWO DIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENES
Authors: DRAGOTA I. , NICULESCU‐DUVAZ I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dihydroxynaphthalin (I) setzt sich mit der Dimethylacrylsäure (II) wahrscheinlich über eine Pries‐Umlagerung zu dem Benzochromanon (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: MONO‐ AND DIISOCYANATES OF α‐ALKOXYALKYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS
Authors: KOZHUSHKO B. N. , PALIICHUK YU. A. , SHOKOL V. A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractα‐Chloralkylether (I) und Monoisocyanate (II) reagieren ohne Katalysator nach Arbusov zu Isocyanatoalkylestern von Alkoxy‐alkyl‐phosphonsäuren (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CYCLIC AND LINEAR AMIDOPHOSPHITES WITH ACETYL CHLORIDE
Authors: PUDOVIK M. A. , KIBARDINA L. K. , MEDVEDEVA M. D. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie cyclischen Chlorphosphite (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Trimethyl‐silylanilin (II) zu den N‐Phenyl‐N‐trimethylsilyl‐aminophosphiten (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: SELENOCYANATION USING A COMBINED REAGENT OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE AND SELENOCYANOGEN. A NEW AND SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL SELENOCYANATES AND SYMMETRICAL ALKYL DISELENIDES FROM ALCOHOLS
Authors: TAMURA Y. , ADACHI M. , KAWASAKI T. , KITA Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTriphenylphosphin (I) reagiert mit Selenocyan (II) zum Addukt (III), aus dem mit Alkoholen (IV) die Selenocyanate (V) und weiter durch Hydrolyse und Oxidation die Diselenide (VI) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES OF FLUOROPHOSPHINES. VIII. SOME METAL COMPLEXES OF PHENYLIMINOBIS(DIFLUOROPHOSPHINE)
Authors: KING R. B. , GOEL S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie bei der Umsetzung der Metallcarbonyle (II) bis (VII) mit dem Phenylamino‐bis‐difluorphosphin (I) entstehenden Komplexe werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION BETWEEN TWO α‐DIIMINES WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS FORMATION OF A METAL‐METAL BOND. X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF HEXACARBONYLBIS(μ‐(1‐(ISOPROPYLAMINO)‐2‐(ISOPROPYLIMINO)ETHANO‐N,N′))‐DIMOLY# BDENUM
Authors: STAAL L. H. , OSKAM A. , VRIEZE K. , ROOSENDAAL E. , SCHENK H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reduktion der α‐Diimin‐Mo‐Komplexe (I) mit einer NaK‐Legierung und die darauffolgende Oxidation entweder a) mit Bromo‐a‐diimin‐Mn‐tricarbonyl oder b) mit Bromopentacarbonyl‐Mn oder c) mit HgCl2/H führen zu den dimeren Komplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: MIGRATION OF TRIPHENYLBORON FROM IRON TO A GEMINAL η5‐CYLOPENTADIENYL LIGAND
Authors: BURLITCH J. M. , BURK J. H. , LEONOWICZ M. E. , HUGHES R. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTriphenylboran bildet mit dem Ammoniumferrat (I) das luftempfindliche 1:1‐Addukt (II), für das mittels IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopischer Untersuchungen und Vergleiche die Fe‐B‐Bindung und die negative Ladung am B‐Atom bestätigt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTRON‐TRANSFER REACTIONS. 3. ELECTROCHEMICAL ISOMERIZATION OF A METAL‐HYDROCARBON BOND IN THE REDUCTION OF CYCLOPENTADIENYLCOBALT CYCLOOCTATETRAENE
Authors: MORACZEWSKI J. , GEIGER W. E. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCyclische Voltammetrie‐Messungen im Zusammenhang mit der elektrochemischen Reduktion des Titelkomplexes (I) in THF oder MeCN zeigen, daß zwei Spezies im Gleichgewicht miteinander vorliegen, die NMR‐spektro‐ 11 skopisch als (I) und (II) identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRANSITION‐METAL CARBOXYLATO COMPLEXES
Authors: JACKMAN L. M. , SCOTT R. M. , PORTMAN R. H. , DORMISH J. F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Carboxylatopent:aammin‐metall(III)‐Komplexe (I), (II) und (III) werden durch Behandlung der aus den entsprechenden Aquo‐Analogen mit Base erhaltenen Hydroxo‐Derivate in situ mit Carbonsäureanhydriden oder p‐Nitro‐ sowie 2,4‐Dinitrophenylestern in guten Ausb. erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO‐ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. PART 41. AN EXAMINATION OF SOME NEW AMINO‐PROTECTING GROUPS
Authors: COYLE S. , KELLER O. , YOUNG G. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Einfluß der Einführung basischer Gruppen auf die Säurestabilität von Alkoxycarbonylgruppen wird anhand der neuen Aminoschutzgruppen (I)‐(IV) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOAMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEOPEPTIDES. III. SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEODIPEPTIDES CONTAINING URACILYL‐N1‐α‐ALANINE AND ADENYLYL‐N9‐α‐ALANINE RESIDUES
Authors: SHVACHKIN YU. P. , OLSUF'EVA E. N. , SEMILETOV YU. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung des Esters (III) mit aktivierten Estern von Aminosäuren ( ;z.B. (IV)) entstehen die Dipeptide (V).
Spatial organization of astrocytes in ferret visual cortex
Authors: López‐Hidalgo Mónica , Hoover Walter B. , Schummers James 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAstrocytes form an intricate partnership with neural circuits to influence numerous cellular and synaptic processes. One prominent organizational feature of astrocytes is the “tiling” of the brain with non‐overlapping territories. There are some documented species and brain region–specific astrocyte specializations, but the extent of astrocyte diversity and circuit specificity are still unknown. We quantitatively defined the rules that govern the spatial arrangement of astrocyte somata and territory overlap in ferret visual cortex using a combination of in vivo two‐photon imaging, morphological reconstruction, immunostaining, and model simulations. We found that ferret astrocytes share, on average, half of their territory with other astrocytes. However, a specific class of astrocytes, abundant in thalamo‐recipient cortical layers (“kissing” astrocytes), overlap markedly less. Together, these results demonstrate novel features of astrocyte organization indicating that different classes of astrocytes are arranged in a circuit‐specific manner and that tiling does not apply universally across brain regions and species. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3561–3576, 2016. © 2016 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photosynthesis, growth, and decay traits in Sphagnum – a multispecies comparison
Authors: Bengtsson Fia , Granath Gustaf , Rydin Håkan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPeat mosses (Sphagnum) largely govern carbon sequestration in Northern Hemisphere peatlands. We investigated functional traits related to growth and decomposition in Sphagnum species. We tested the importance of environment and phylogeny in driving species traits and investigated trade‐offs among them. We selected 15 globally important Sphagnum species, representing four sections (subgenera) and a range of peatland habitats. We measured rates of photosynthesis and decomposition in standard laboratory conditions as measures of innate growth and decay potential, and related this to realized growth, production, and decomposition in their natural habitats. In general, we found support for a trade‐off between measures of growth and decomposition. However, the relationships are not strong, with r ranging between 0.24 and 0.45 for different measures of growth versus decomposition. Using photosynthetic rate to predict decomposition in standard conditions yielded R2 = 0.20. Habitat and section (phylogeny) affected the traits and the trade‐offs. In a wet year, species from sections Cuspidata and Sphagnum had the highest production, but in a dry year, differences among species, sections, and habitats evened out. Cuspidata species in general produced easily decomposable litter, but their decay in the field was hampered, probably due to near‐surface anoxia in their wet habitats. In a principal components analysis, PCA, photosynthetic capacity, production, and laboratory decomposition acted in the same direction. The species were imperfectly clustered according to vegetation type and phylogeny, so that some species clustered with others in the same section, whereas others clustered more clearly with others from similar vegetation types. Our study includes a wider range of species and habitats than previous trait analyses in Sphagnum and shows that while the previously described growth–decay trade‐off exists, it is far from perfect. We therefore suggest that our species‐specific trait measures offer opportunities for improvements of peatland ecosystem models. Innate qualities measured in laboratory conditions translate differently to field responses. Most dramatically, fast‐growing species could only realize their potential in a wet year. The same species decompose fast in laboratory, but their decomposition was more retarded in the field than that of other species. These relationships are crucial for understanding the long‐term dynamics of peatland communities.
Divergence and isolation of cryptic sympatric taxa within the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata
Authors: Kartzinel Rebecca Y. , Spalink Daniel , Waller Donald M. , Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe amphicarpic annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata is unusual in producing aerial and subterranean cleistogamous flowers that always self‐fertilize and, less commonly, aerial chasmogamous flowers that outcross. Although both morphologic and genetic variants are known in this highly selfing species, debate continues over whether this variation is continuous, reflecting the segregation of standing genetic variation, or discontinuous, reflecting distinct taxa that rarely intercross. We characterized SNP variation in 128 individuals in southern Wisconsin to assess within‐ and among‐population variation at 3928 SNPs. We also assessed genotype and leaf morphology in an additional 76 individuals to connect phenotypic variation with genetic variation. Genetic variation maps onto three strongly divergent and highly inbred genetic groups showing little relation to site location. Each group has a distinct phenotype, but the divergence of these groups differs from the varietal divisions previously identified based on morphological characters. Like previous authors, we argue that the taxonomy of this species should be revised. Despite extensive sympatry, estimates of among‐group migration rates are low, and hybrid individuals were at low frequency (<2%) in our dataset. Restricted gene flow likely results from high selfing rates and partial reproductive incompatibility as evidenced by the U‐shaped distribution of pairwise FST values reflecting “islands” of genomic divergence. These islands may be associated with hybrid incompatibility loci that arose in allopatry. The coexistence of lineages within sites may reflect density‐dependent attack by species‐specific strains of pathogenic fungi and/or root‐nodulating bacteria specializing on distinct genotypes.
Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones: N,O‐Bis­(trimethylsilyl)acetamide‐Mediated Cyclization with Cleavage of Aromatic C–O Bond
Authors: Píša Ondřej , Rádl Stanislav 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline derivatives (4‐quinolones) based on a BSA [N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide]‐mediated cyclization of substituted 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(alkyl/arylamino)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones is described. The reaction belongs to a rare set of cyclizations in which a methoxy group serves as the leaving group. Reaction takes place by the action of silylating agent under mild conditions and provides high yields of pure products following simple aqueous work‐up. The versatility of the approach is exemplified by a wide range of 1‐alkyl/aryl 3‐carboxylates and 3‐nitriles that have been prepared. A crucial advantage of this approach is the facile availability of starting methoxy compounds enabling new synthetic possibilities as well as improved cost efficiency.
Recent Advances in Electroanalysis of Vitamins
Authors: Brunetti Barbara 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVitamins are a chemically heterogeneous group of compounds known as essential for the normal functioning of the organic metabolism. Their decrease in humans can lead to several diseases and not being produced by the body, they need to be obtained from dietary sources or supplements. For these reasons, their determination in food, pharmaceutical and clinical samples is crucial. This article reviews key advances in electrochemical measurements of vitamins over the past decade. Particular attention is given to papers proving applicability to real samples analysis. The technical features of the proposed sensors are presented and discussed along with their analytical performances. Future trends and challenges are also addressed.
Surface Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay for Highly Sensitive Detection of Disease Biomarkers in Whole Blood
Authors: Yang Runping , Liu Yuanlin , Ye Huazhen , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Guo Longhua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecently we demonstrated that the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metal nanoparticles would significantly enhance the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission of Ru(bpy)32+. Based on this finding, we developed a new branch of surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES), namely, surface enhanced electrochemiluminescence (SEECL). In this communication, we demonstrate for the first time the combination of SEECL with conventional immunoassay technique to develop a new electroanalysis method called surface enhanced electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (SEECL‐IA). The proposed method is demonstrated for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the results show that our method can detect as low as 2.0×10−12 ng/mL PSA in whole blood without any sample pretreatment process.
Out‐of‐plane stability assessment of buckling‐restrained braces including connections with chevron configuration
Authors: Takeuchi Toru , Matsui Ryota , Mihara Saki 
Published: April 2016

SummaryOne of the key limit states of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) is global flexural buckling including the effects of the connections. The authors have previously proposed a unified explicit equation set for controlling the out‐of‐plane stability of BRBs based on bending‐moment transfer capacity at the restrainer ends. The proposed equation set is capable of estimating BRB stability for various connection stiffnesses, including initial out‐of‐plane drift effects. However, it is only valid for symmetrical end conditions, limiting application to the single diagonal configuration. In the chevron configuration, the out‐of‐plane stiffness in the two ends differs because of the rotation of the attached beam. In this study, the equation set is extended to BRBs with asymmetric end conditions, such as the chevron configuration. Cyclic loading tests of the chevron configuration with initial out‐of‐plane drifts are conducted, and the results are compared with the proposed equation set, which is formulated as a function of the normalized stiffness of the attached beam. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.