bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I-mode studies at ASDEX Upgrade: L-I and I-H transitions, pedestal and confinement properties
Authors: Ryter F. , Fischer R. , Fuchs J.C. , Happel T. , McDermott R.M. , Viezzer E. , Wolfrum E. , Barrera Orte L. , Bernert M. , Burckhart A. , da Graça S. , Kurzan B. , McCarthy P. , Pütterich T. , Suttrop W. , Willensdorfer M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The I-mode is a plasma regime obtained when the usual L-H power threshold is high, e.g. with unfavourable ion

∇
B

direction. It is characterised by the development of a temperature pedestal while the density remains roughly as in the L-mode. This leads to a confinement improvement above the L-mode level which can sometimes reach H-mode values. This regime, already obtained in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak about two decades ago, has been studied again since 2009 taking advantage of the development of new diagnostics and heating possibilities. The I-mode in ASDEX Upgrade has been achieved with different heating methods such as NBI, ECRH and ICRF. The I-mode properties, power threshold, pedestal characteristics and confinement, are independent of the heating method. The power required at the L-I transition exhibits an offset linear density dependence but, in contrast to the L-H threshold, depends weakly on the magnetic field. The L-I transition seems to be mainly determined by the edge pressure gradient and the comparison between ECRH and NBI induced L-I transitions suggests that the ion channel plays a key role. The I-mode often evolves gradually over a few confinement times until the transition to H-mode which offers a very interesting situation to study the transport reduction and its link with the pedestal formation. Exploratory discharges in which n  =  2 magnetic perturbations have been applied indicate that these can lead to an increase of the I-mode power threshold by flattening the edge pressure at fixed heating input power: more heating power is necessary to restore the required edge pressure gradient. Finally, the confinement properties of the I-mode are discussed in detail.
Human resource information systems in health care: a systematic evidence review
Authors: Tursunbayeva Aizhan , Bunduchi Raluca , Franco Massimo , Pagliari Claudia 
Published: October 2016

Objective: This systematic review aimed to: (1) determine the prevalence and scope of existing research on human resource information systems (HRIS) in health organizations; (2) analyze, classify, and synthesize evidence on the processes and impacts of HRIS development, implementation, and adoption; and (3) generate recommendations for HRIS research, practice, and policy, with reference to the needs of different stakeholders.
Methods: A structured search strategy was used to interrogate 10 electronic databases indexing research from the health, social, management, technology, and interdisciplinary sciences, alongside gray literature sources and reference lists of qualifying studies. There were no restrictions on language or publication year. Two reviewers screened publications, extracted data, and coded findings according to the innovation stages covered in the studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was adopted to assess study quality. The process of study selection was charted using a Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram.
Results: Of the 6824 publications identified by the search strategy, 68, covering 42 studies, were included for final analysis. Research on HRIS in health was interdisciplinary, often atheoretical, conducted primarily in the hospital sector of high-income economies, and largely focused uncritically on use and realized benefits.
Discussion and Conclusions: While studies of HRIS in health exist, the overall lack of evaluative research raises unanswered questions about their capacity to improve quality and efficiency and enable learning health systems, as well as how sociotechnical complexity influences implementation and effectiveness. We offer this analysis to decision makers and managers considering or currently implementing an HRIS, and make recommendations for further research.
Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42015023581. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015023581#.VYu1BPlVjDU.
Michael Walzer,Spheres of Justice
Authors: Moore Margaret 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay examines the ideas and influence of Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice. It argues that Walzer’s influence on the discipline has taken a different form than many other writers on justice, such as Rawls, where the central ideas have been taken up and argued about in essentially Rawlsian terms. Walzer’s influence has operated on different levels, of which we can distinguish at least three. There is a micro level, with numerous authors picking up fruitful ideas, lines of inquiries or suggestions, found in Walzer’s work, and appropriating them or using them to pursue further arguments. There is a more general social justice level, where ideas that are central to his understanding of social justice have been appropriated by diverse thinkers, often in quite different ways. He has been also influential on a very general, methodological level, where theorists have adopted his method and style of doing political theory.
Religion and Morality
Authors: Teehan John 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The relationship between religion and morality is a subject of widespread interest and intense debate: Is morality a product of religion? Can one be moral without religion? Can moral claims be justified outside of a religious context? These are important questions that have been subject to much investigation by theologians and philosophers, among others. Evolutionary studies provide a different way into this topic. Morality has long been a subject for evolutionary research, but an evolutionary approach to religion, based on research into the evolution of the brain, is a recent development, and one that is developing a substantial empirical grounding. Drawing on the insights from both of these fields, this chapter sets out the evolved cognitive mechanisms that constitute the nexus of religion and morality. In addition to providing insight into the nature of religious morality, this model may also help clarify the role religion played in human evolution.
The Elephant in the Pews
Authors: Weeden Jason , Kurzban Robert , Kenrick Douglas T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
When it comes to religiosity and its lifestyle correlates, the typical assumption is that the causal arrows run primarily from religiosity to morals to one’s own behavior. In contrast, this chapter argues that differences in sexual and reproductive lifestyles can substantially influence individual choices regarding religious involvement and related beliefs. Religious groups provide attractive benefits to high-commitment, high-fertility strategists, but are simultaneously less helpful or harmful to low-commitment, low-fertility strategists. The chapter reviews evidence showing not only that sexual and reproductive variables have relatively large statistical relationships with religiosity in modern, developed societies but also that the causal role of these sexual and reproductive variables helps to account for various longitudinal and correlational patterns involving religiosity. Human life is driven by concrete, fitness-relevant concerns, and contemporary differences in religiosity are no exception.
Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion
Authors: Rossano Matt J. , Vandewalle Benjamin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter outlines an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of religion. From cognitive science, four mental prerequisites of religious cognition are discussed: (1) hyperactive agency detection, (2) theory of mind, (3) imagination, and (4) altered states of consciousness. Evidence for these prerequisites in nonhuman primates suggests their presence in our early hominin ancestors. From comparative psychology, evidence of ritual behavior in nonhuman primates and other species is reviewed. Archeological evidence of ritual behavior is also discussed. Collectively, these data indicate that the first step toward religion was an elaboration of primate social rituals to include group synchronized activities such as dancing, chanting, and singing. Control of fire, pigment use, and increasing brain size would have intensified group synchronized rituals over time, which, in the context of increased intergroup interactions, eventually led to the first evidence of supernatural ritual at about 70,000 years before present.
History of Italian Neuropsychology
Authors: Boller François , Gainotti Guido , Grossi Dario , Vallar Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Early Italian clinicians and researchers dedicated their work to human neuropsychology mainly through analysis of variations of cognitive and behavioral functions caused by brain damage. The systematic development of neuropsychology in Italy started in the early 1960s in Milan with the neurologist Ennio De Renzi and his collaborators (mainly Luigi A. Vignolo, early on) in the Clinic of Nervous and Mental Diseases. The “Milan group” investigated several neuropsychological deficits caused by focal hemispheric lesions in human brain-damaged patients, developing standardized tests and advanced statistical methods applied to the clinical diagnosis and the rehabilitation of aphasia. It first used the new imaging techniques (CT scan) in the 1970s to correlate lesion sites with behavioral deficits. Since then, neuropsychology and neuropsychological research, both basic and applied, have developed extensively in other parts of Italy and include clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with brain damage or dysfunction throughout the life span.
Graffiti
Authors: Ilan Jonathan , Snyder Gregory J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Graffiti writing is often intensely policed despite being a relatively low-harm crime. Graffiti can be read by members of the public as a visual indicator of lawlessness and thus induce a certain amount of alarm. While there are a range of different kinds of graffiti, the most ubiquitous is that practiced by subcultural “writers.” Research indicates that there is an order and logic to writing. Writers often cultivate skills, experiences, and dispositions that imbue them with particular value in the postindustrial economy, offering them heightened career prospects. Graffiti and street art are increasingly featured as part of mainstream commercial aesthetics, even as unsanctioned writing continues to be met with zero-tolerance policing and tough situational crime prevention measures. Ultimately, writing can be managed in a more subculturally sensitive manner that better balances the needs and visions of different kinds of urban residents in local contexts.
The Role of Remorse in Criminal Justice
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This essay reviews the role that remorse does and ought to play in criminal justice. Evidence of remorse appears to influence decision-making in a number of stages of the criminal process. But should it? Remorse might have an appropriate role given certain assumptions about the general justifying aim of criminal justice. The chapter also looks at the nature of remorse as an emotion, and how different conceptions of the emotions can inform our understanding of the role remorse might play. There are serious challenges that face any proposal to give criminal justice officials powers to evaluate remorsefulness and to treat offenders differently on that basis. The chapter concludes that it may be the best we can do is to attempt to design a system that acknowledges the appropriateness of remorse but does not disadvantage those who are unable to display it to the satisfaction of a designated official.
Physical properties and evolutionary status of the W-subtype contact binary V502 Oph with a stellar companion
Authors: Xiao Zhou , Shengbang Qian , Binghe Huang , Hao Li , Jia Zhang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Multi-color (B, V, Rc, Ic) CCD photometric light curves of the contact binary V502 Oph are analyzed using the Wilson–Devinney program. The solutions reveal that V502 Oph is a W-subtype contact (f = 35.3%) binary system. The temperature difference between its two components is 240 K and the more massive star has a lower surface temperature. A cool spot is added in our model to account for the light curves’ asymmetry (O'Connell effect) and a third light is detected for the first time in the light curves’ modeling. Combining the orbital inclination (i = 76 $_{.}^{\circ}$4) with the published mass function of V502 Oph, the absolute physical parameters of the two components are determined, which are M1 = 0.46(±0.02) M⊙, M2 = 1.37(±0.02) M⊙, R1 = 0.94(±0.01) R⊙, R2 = 1.51(±0.01) R⊙, L1 = 1.13(±0.02) L⊙, and L2 = 2.49(±0.03) L⊙. The formation and the evolutionary status of V502 Oph are discussed. All photoelectric and CCD times of light minimum about V502 Oph are gathered and its orbital period variations are analyzed. The results show that the orbital period of V502 Oph is decreasing continuously at a rate of dP/dt = −1.69 × 10−7 d yr−1,which corresponds to a conservative mass transfer rate of dM2/dt = −3.01 × 10− 8 M⊙ yr−1. The light-travel time effect is due to the presence of a close-in tertiary component with a period of P3 = 18.7 yr and an amplitute of 0.00402 d. V502 Oph is an ideal target to test the formation and evolution theories of binary and multiple systems in which the light curves, the O − C curve and spectroscopic observations are comprehensively researched.
Comparison of Outcomes and Complications of Isolated Acetabular Fractures and Acetabular Fractures With Associated Injuries
Authors: Phruetthiphat Ong-art , Willey Michael , Karam Matthew D. , Gao Yubo , Westerlind Brian O. , Marsh J. Lawrence 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To compare patients with acetabular fractures that are isolated (acetabular fracture alone) and acetabular fracture presenting with additional nonacetabular injury using functional outcomes, complications, and readmissions.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred fifteen patients underwent open surgical treatment for acetabular fracture between 2003 and 2012 with age ≥18 years and minimum 1-year follow-up inclusive of functional scores and complications.

Intervention:
Surgical treatment of acetabular fracture.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative functional outcomes at 1 year as assessed with the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), postoperative complications including readmissions.

Results:
Acetabular fractures patients with associated nonacetabular injuries exhibited a longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.0001) and higher readmission rate within 90 days (P = 0.012) compared with patients in the isolated injury group. Acetabular fracture with either chest or abdominal injury had the longest average hospital stay (19.2 and 19.1 days, respectively). Functional scores between 2 groups were comparable at 1-year follow-up, except acetabular fractures with pelvic ring injury, which had a significantly lower physical component score of SF-36 (P = 0.007) compared with the isolated group.

Conclusions:
Acetabular fractures with associated nonacetabular injuries have longer hospital stays, higher complications, and readmissions. Specifically, patients with associated truncal injury had worse clinical outcome and longer hospital stays. These conclusions should be taken into account when counseling patients with acetabular fractures, as additional injuries will greatly affect the course of treatment and the outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluating Loading Deflection of Distraction Osteogenic Rib in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Shen Weimin , Tang Chenlu , Yang Junyi , Kong Liangliang , Zhang Xiaoying 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The treatment of patients with partially atrophic rib and rib defects requires an ideal arc of the rib that has adequate bone length and width. To design and assemble a distraction device with a strain gauge, we need to establish an animal model for testing it during rib distraction osteogenesis.

Methods:
Osteotomies were performed at the same position in the fifth rib in 8 rabbits. Customized distraction devices attached to strain gauges were used to distract the ribs. After a month of distraction and consolidation, loading deflection gauges were used, and specimens were examined histologically to record bone formation.

Results:
Distraction osteogenesis was carried out successfully in all rabbits when the device used to distract the rib up to 4 cm.

Conclusions:
The device can be used for strain testing during rib distraction osteogenesis performed in a rabbit model. There was no significant difference in the loading deflection gauges of the bone between osteogenic and contralateral ribs. This animal model of costal distraction osteogenesis is successful.
Association of Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 Gene Polymorphism in Turkish Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Asfuroglu Mahmut , Cavdarli Busranur , Koz Ozlem G. , A. Yarangumeli Ahmet , Ozdemir Emine Y. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To investigate the genetic association of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene polymorphisms in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and PEX glaucoma of Turkish descent.

Methods:
Three LOXL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241) were analyzed in 109 Turkish patients (44 patients with PEX syndrome, 65 patients with PEX glaucoma) and 47 healthy subjects.

Results:
“A” allele of SNP rs3825942 was underrepresented in control group compared with the glaucoma [odds ratio (OR)=4.5, confidence interval (CI): 95%] and syndrome (OR=4.5, CI: 95%) groups. “AA+AG” genotype of SNP rs3825942 was more frequent in the syndrome group (OR=10, CI: 95%) rather than the control group. “GT” genotype of SNP rs1048661 was presented less frequently in the control group compared with the glaucoma group (OR=4.25, CI: 95%). “T” allele of SNP rs1048661 was more frequent in glaucoma group (OR=2.05, CI: 95%) compared with control group. “T” allele of SNP rs2165241 was more frequent in the syndrome (OR=2.59, CI: 95%) and the glaucoma group (OR=3.78, CI: 95%) compared with the control group. “TT” genotype of SNP rs2165241 was underrepresented in control group compared with the syndrome (OR=3.85, CI: 95%) and the glaucoma (OR=6.58, CI: 95%) group.

Conclusions:
Findings of this current study indicate a different LOXL1 gene expression pattern compared with a recent study that was also performed in the Turkish population. Other gene replication studies are required to accurately assess genetic factors in the pathogenesis of PEX syndrome and glaucoma.
Piezosurgery in External Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Czyz Craig N. , Fowler Amy M. , Dutton Jonathan J. , Cahill Kenneth V. , Foster Jill A. , Hill Robert H. , Everman Kelly R. , Nabavi Cameron B. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) can be performed via an external or endoscopic approach. The use of ultrasonic or piezosurgery has been well described for endoscopic DCRs but is lacking for external DCRs. This study presents a case series of external DCRs performed using piezosurgery evaluating results and complications.

Methods:
Prospective, consecutive case series of patients undergoing primary external DCR for lacrimal drainage insufficiency. A standard external DCR technique was used using 1 of 2 piezosurgery systems for all bone incision. All patients received silicone intubation to the lacrimal system. Surgical outcome was measured in terms of patient-reported epiphora as follows: 1) complete resolution, 2) improvement >50%, 3) improvement <50%, and 4) No improvement. Intra and postoperative complications were also recorded.

Results:
Fifty-two patients, 14 male and 38 female, were included in the study, with 2 patients having bilateral surgery. The average age of the patients was 55.8 years. The average length of follow up was 221 days. Surgical outcomes showed 72% of patients with complete resolution of epiphora and 21% with >50% improvement. There were 4 patients (7%) who had <50% improvement. There was 1 (2%) intraoperative complication and 2 (4%) postoperative complications recorded.

Conclusions:
Piezourgery is a viable modality for performing external DCRs. The lack of surgical complications shows a potential for decreased soft tissues damage. The surgical success rate based on patient-reported epiphora is similar to those published for mechanical external DCRs. This modality may benefit the novice surgeon in the reduction of soft and mucosal tissue damage.
Clinical Presentation and Bacteriology of Eyebrow Infections: The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Experience (2008–2015)
Authors: Carniciu Anaïs L. , Chou Jonathan , Leskov Ilya , Freitag Suzanne K. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
This study retrospectively reviews preseptal cellulitis and abscesses involving the eyebrow to elucidate the bacteriology and potential causative factors.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who had been diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis or abscess involving the eyebrow at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between 2008 and 2015. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected.

Results:
Eighty patients with eyebrow infections were identified, of whom 49 (61.3%) were female and 31 (38.7%) were male. The median age was 37 years (range 14–67 years). Eyebrow abscess was present in 54 cases (67.5%), while 26 cases (32.5%) were limited to preseptal cellulitis without abscess formation. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found in 20 abscesses (39.2% of culture results), and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus was found in 12 abscesses (23.5% of culture results). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were present in 7 eyebrow abscesses (13.7% of culture results). Clinical history was remarkable for eyebrow hair removal (tweezing, waxing, threading, or shaving) in 17 cases (21.3%), manipulation of acne lesions (“popping,” “picking,” or “squeezing”) in 6 cases (7.5%), and both brow hair removal and acne manipulation in 1 case (1.3%).

Conclusions:
There is a high incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the bacteriology of eyebrow infections. Empirical antibiotic coverage for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus should be strongly considered in any patient with an eyebrow area abscess or preseptal cellulitis. Individuals who practice cosmetic eyebrow grooming should be encouraged to consider hygiene practices, which could reduce the risk of infection.