bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Versus Open Latarjet in the Treatment of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation With Marked Glenoid Bone Loss: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Zhu Yiming , Jiang Chunyan , Song Guanyang 
Published: March 2017

Background: Very few studies have compared open Latarjet versus arthroscopic Latarjet procedures. Purpose: To compare the clinical and computed tomographic outcomes between open and arthroscopic Latarjet procedures. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A prospective, comparative study was performed. The open Latarjet group included 44 patients, and the arthroscopic Latarjet group included 46 patients. All patients had more than 2 years of clinical follow-up (range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score, Constant-Murley score, and Rowe score). The position of the transferred coracoid, the screw orientation, and graft resorption were evaluated on computed tomography (CT) scan. Results: The surgery time for the open group was significantly shorter than that for the arthroscopic group ( P = .003). No recurrent dislocation occurred in either group. The apprehension test was negative in all patients in both groups. At the final follow-up, no significant difference was detected between the open group and the arthroscopic group regarding any of the clinical outcome measurements. The transferred coracoid graft was level with the glenoid in all patients in both groups. The open group had better position in the superior-inferior direction compared with the arthroscopic group ( P < .001). No significant difference was found in screw orientation between the 2 groups ( P = .102). At 1 year after surgery, patients in the arthroscopic group had significantly less resorption compared with patients in the open group ( P = .044). Conclusion: Both procedures are effective for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with marked glenoid bone loss. The open group had better position in the superior-inferior direction compared with the arthroscopic group. At 1 year after surgery, patients in the arthroscopic Latarjet group showed notably less graft resorption compared with patients in the open Latarjet group.
Systematic Review of Outcomes Reporting in Professional Baseball: A Call for Increased Validation and Consistency
Authors: van der List Jelle P. , Camp Christopher L. , Sinatro Alec L. , Dines Joshua S. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Historically, treatment efficacy of professional baseball injuries has been determined by assessing the return-to-play (RTP) rate or using patient-reported functional outcomes scores; however, these methods may not be sensitive and specific enough for elite athletes. As a consequence, performance-based statistics are increasingly being reported in the medical literature. Purpose: To (1) assess how treatment efficacy is currently reported in professional baseball players; (2) examine the variability in the reporting of these measures in terms of frequency, length of time followed, and units of measure; and (3) identify any attempts to validate these performance-based statistics. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: All studies reporting treatment efficacy in professional baseball in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were identified. Data collected included frequency and method of reporting: RTP, functional outcomes, and performance-based statistics. Results: Fifty-four studies met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 51 (94%) reported RTP, 12 (22%) utilized functional outcomes, and 18 (33%) provided baseball-specific performance-based statistics to assess treatment efficacy. Great variability was seen in how follow-up was defined (games, seasons, months), duration of follow-up, and which performance-based statistics were utilized. None of the studies validated these performance-based statistics, determined minimal time of follow-up needed, or assessed the baseline variability in these statistics among noninjured players. Conclusion: Most studies reported RTP to determine treatment efficacy, but significant variability was seen in how players were followed. Similarly, great variability was noted in the type and number of performance-based statistics utilized. Additional studies are necessary to validate these measures and determine the appropriate length of time that they should be followed. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a clear overview of the current methods that are used to determine treatment efficacy in professional baseball players.
Geomimicry: harnessing the antibacterial action of clays
Authors: Williams Lynda B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA decade of research on clays that kill human pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has documented their common characteristics. Worldwide, ∼5% of clays tested to date are antibacterial when hydrated. Most antibacterial clays are from hydrothermally altered volcanics, where volcanogenic fluids produce minerals containing reduced metals. Ferruginous illite-smectite (I-S) is the most common clay mineral, although kaolins dominate some samples. Antibacterial clay mineral assemblages may contain other reduced Fe minerals (e.g. pyrite) that drive production of reactive oxygen species (H2O2,•OH,•O2−) and cause damage to cell membranes and intracellular proteins. Ion exchange can also cause loss of bacterial membrane-bound Ca2+, Mg2+and PO43–.Critically important is the role of clays in buffering the hydration water pH to conditions where Al and Fe are soluble. A nanometric particle size (<200 nm) is characteristic of antibacterial clays and may be a feature that promotes dissolution. Clay interlayers or the lumen of tubular clays may absorb reduced transition metals, protecting them from oxidation. When the clays are mixed with deionized water for medicinal applications, these metals are released and oxidized.Different antibacterial clays exhibit different modes of action. The minerals may be a source of toxins, or by adsorption may deprive bacteria of essential nutrients. In the field, the pH and Eh (oxidation state) of the hydrated clay may help to identify potential antibacterial clays. If the pH is circum-neutral, toxic metals are not soluble. However, at pH < 5 or >9 many metals are soluble and the oxidation of transition metals increases the Eh of the suspension to >400 mV, leading to bacterial oxidation.Understanding the antibacterial mechanism of natural clay may lead to design of new treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with potential applications in wound dressings, medical implants ( joint replacements, catheters), animal feed stocks, agricultural pathogens, and production of antibacterial building materials. This research exemplifies how ‘geomimicry’ (copying geochemical processes) may open new frontiers in science.
Bidirectional immune tolerance in nonmyeloablative MHC-mismatched BMT for murine β-thalassemia
Authors: E Shuyu , Seth Aman , Vogel Peter , Sommers Matt , Ong Taren , Pillai Asha B. 
Published: March 2017

Key PointsTLI/ATS/alkylator conditioning allows engraftment without GVHD after curative MHC-mismatched BMT for murine β-thalassemia. Recipient MDSCs generated in TLI/ATS/alkylator nonmyeloablative conditioning facilitate donor Treg recovery and graft-versus-host tolerance.
Hydrating softwood and hardwood samples using pure and modified supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Hammond Georgina , Cox Phil 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article describes an in-progress research project that looks to investigate the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for the addition of water to historic and modern, softwood and hardwood samples. The experiments were carried out at 20 MPa and 50 °C, the effects of co-solvent addition, methanol (MeOH), were examined. A three point bend test provided mechanical data for the wood samples treated with both pure and modified scCO2. All the wood samples, with only one exception, saw an increase in Modulus of Rupture (MOR) after being treated with scCO2. Thereby indicating an increased resistance to force in the treated samples. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was performed to help deduce if any trends in the OH/CH and OH/Cellulose peak area ratios could be established with the nature of the treatment and the type of wood used. The development of this technique seeks to be relevant and safe for applications within modern conservation practices, where dry and fragile materials are prevalent.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in human diseases: an overview of their distribution, function, and potential application for immunotherapies
Authors: Zhang Jilu , Mai Sunny , Chen Hui-Ming , Kang Kyeongah , Li Xian Chang , Chen Shu-Hsia , Pan Ping-Ying 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of immature myeloid cells expanded and accumulated in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with cancer, have been shown to mediate immune suppression and to promote tumor progression, thereby, posing a major hurdle to the success of immune-activating cancer therapies. MDSCs, like their healthy counterparts, such as monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes, express an array of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules as well as myeloid activators and inhibitory receptors, such as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) A and B. This review summarizes current findings on the LILR family members in various diseases, their potential roles in the pathogenesis, and possible strategies to revert or enhance the suppressive function of MDSCs for the benefit of patients by targeting LILRs.
Final Results of the IELSG-19 Randomized Trial of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: Improved Event-Free and Progression-Free Survival With Rituximab Plus Chlorambucil Versus Either Chlorambucil or Rituximab Monotherapy
Authors: Zucca Emanuele , Conconi Annarita , Martinelli Giovanni , Bouabdallah Reda , Tucci Alessandra , Vitolo Umberto , Martelli Maurizio , Pettengell Ruth , Salles Gilles , Sebban Catherine , Guillermo Armando Lopez , Pinotti Graziella , Devizzi Liliana , Morschhauser Franck , Tilly Hervé , Torri Valter , Hohaus Stefan , Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Zachée Pierre , Bosly André , Haioun Corinne , Stelitano Caterina , Bellei Monica , Ponzoni Maurilio , Moreau Anne , Jack Andrew , Campo Elias , Mazzucchelli Luca , Cavalli Franco , Johnson Peter , Thieblemont Catherine 
Published: March 2017

Purpose There is no consensus on the optimal systemic treatment of patients with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The IELSG-19 phase III study, to our knowledge, was the first such study to address the question of first-line treatment in a randomized trial. Patients and Methods Eligible patients were initially randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either chlorambucil monotherapy (6 mg/m2/d orally on weeks 1 to 6, 9 to 10, 13 to 14, 17 to 18, and 21 to 22) or a combination of chlorambucil (same schedule as above) and rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 of weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 13, 17, and 21). After the planned enrollment of 252 patients, the protocol was amended to continue with a three-arm design (1:1:6 ratio), with a new arm that included rituximab alone (same schedule as the combination arm) and with a final sample size of 454 patients. The main end point was event-free survival (EFS). Analysis of chlorambucil versus the combination arm was performed and reported separately before any analysis of the third arm. Results At a median follow-up of 7.4 years, addition of rituximab to chlorambucil led to significantly better EFS (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.77). EFS at 5 years was 51% (95% CI, 42 to 60) with chlorambucil alone, 50% (95% CI, 42 to 59) with rituximab alone, and 68% (95% CI, 60 to 76) with the combination ( P = .0009). Progression-free survival was also significantly better with the combination ( P = .0119). Five-year overall survival was approximately 90% in each arm. All treatments were well tolerated. No unexpected toxicities were recorded. Conclusion Rituximab in combination with chlorambucil demonstrated superior efficacy in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma; however, improvements in EFS and progression-free survival did not translate into longer overall survival.
The effect of prostatectomy technique on genitourinary toxicity.
Authors: Ciezki Jay P. , Reddy Chandana A. , Haber Georges-Pascal , Kaouk Jihad , Stephenson Andrew J. , Berglund Ryan Kent , Klein Eric A. 
Published: March 2017

100 Background: Recent clinical trials have examined the toxicity associated with various treatment modalities available for prostate cancer. None have examined genitourinary (GU) toxicity using CTCAE v4.02 among prostatectomy (RP) techniques. Methods: An IRB-approved inception cohort study was used to assess the association of GU toxicity by prostatectomy technique: open RP, pure laparoscopic (lap RP) RP, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic (robotic) RP. The primary end point was grade 3 or greater GU toxicity. The cumulative incidence method was used to calculate the rates of grade 3 or higher GU toxicity, and Gray’s test was used to compare the rates of toxicity among the three treatment modalities. Results: There were 1308 patients in the study with a median follow-up of 55.6 months. The patients were segregated into the three cohorts as follows: 732 open RP, 103 lap RP, and 473 robotic RP. The cumulative incidence rates of the primary end point is shown in table 1. There was no significant difference among the three modalities (p = 0.6028). The most common toxicities were urinary obstruction (54.8 % of all toxicities) and urinary incontinence (33.3 % of all toxicities). Eighty-five percent of all toxicities were grade 3. Conclusions: Overall toxicities were mild and were not different among the three RP techniques. [Table: see text]
Clinical significance of AR mRNA quantification from circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone (Abi) or enzalutamide (Enza).
Authors: Silberstein John , Luber Brandon , Wang Hao , Lu Changxue , Chen Yan , Zhu Yezi , Taylor Maritza N. , Carducci Michael Anthony , Eisenberger Mario A. , Luo Jun , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: March 2017

132 Background: AR-targeting agents remain the backbone of mCRPC therapy. We previously reported an association between AR-V7 mRNA detection in CTCs and resistance to Abi/Enza (NEJM 2014). Here, we report the prognostic significance of full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) mRNA quantification from CTCs in pts starting Abi or Enza. Methods: We prospectively enrolled mCRPC pts starting Abi or Enza, and examined the prognostic value of AR-FL detection using a CTC-based mRNA assay (modified AdnaTest, Qiagen). We examined PSA50 responses, PSA progression free survival (PSA-PFS), clinical/radiologic PFS (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We constructed multivariable (MVA) Cox regression models adjusting for AR-V7 status, PSA level, Gleason sum, number of prior therapies, prior Abi/Enza use, prior taxane use, presence of visceral disease, and ECOG score. Results: We enrolled 202 pts (median f/u 12.9 mo). AR-FL status was negative in 97/202 pts (48%), < median in 52/202 (26%) and > median in 53/202 (26%). Higher AR-FL levels correlated with positive AR-V7 detection (35.5 copies [range: 2.5–1209] in AR-V7+ vs 1.4 copies [range: 0–172.5] in AR-V7–, P< .001), as well as lower PSA50 responses (55.4 copies in nonresponders vs 6.7 copies in responders, P< .001). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, PSA-PFS, PFS and OS differed significantly between AR-FL negative, AR-FL < median, and AR-FL > median (Table). In MVA models, AR-FL level (as a continuous variable) was prognostic for PSA-PFS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00–1.12, P= .04) and trended with prognosis for PFS (HR 1.04, 95%CI 0.99–1.11, P= .13) and OS (HR 1.07, 95%CI 1.00–1.15, P= .06). AR-V7 status was also independently prognostic for all outcomes in MVA analyses. Conclusions: This study demonstrates CTC-derived AR-FL copy number is prognostic for clinical outcomes in Abi/Enza-treated mCRPC pts. In addition to AR-V7 status, AR-FL quantification could serve as another molecular biomarker of Abi/Enza sensitivity after analytical validation/standardization. [Table: see text]
Burden of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to identify men more likely to benefit from early docetaxel.
Authors: Gravis Gwenaelle , Boher Jean-Marie , Chen Yu-Hui , Liu Glenn , Fizazi Karim , Carducci Michael Anthony , Oudard Stephane , Joly Florence , Jarrard David Frazier , Soulie Michel , Eisenberger Mario A. , Habibian Muriel , Dreicer Robert , Garcia Jorge A. , Hussain Maha , Kohli Manish , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Picus Joel , DiPaola Robert S. , Sweeney Christopher 
Published: March 2017

136 Background: Patients with a low burden of metastatic disease and who relapse after localized therapy with curative intent have a longer overall survival. It is unclear whether these patients benefit from early docetaxel (D). Methods: Patients in GETUG-AFU15 (N = 385, median follow-up 84 mo) and CHAARTED (N = 790, median follow up 54 mo) were randomized to ADT alone or ADT + D and outcomes described using the same definition of high volume (HV) and low volume (LV) disease. (HV: visceral metastases and/or 4 or more bone metastases with at least one outside the axis) and whether the patients had prior local therapy or not. Results: Table 1 details across both studies that de novo HV group treated with ADT alone has the shortest overall survival and D has a consistent effect in improving OS. In contrast, in both studies patients with LV disease had a much longer OS with no evidence that D improved OS. Conclusions: There was no apparent survival benefit in CHAARTED and GETUG-15 studies with D for LV whether patients had prior local treatment or not. Across both studies, early D had a consistent effect and improved OS in HV pts especially those with no prior local therapy. Partial Support and drug supply by Sanofi. Clinical trial information: NCT00104715, NCT00309985. [Table: see text]
Lower PSA at 7 months is prognostic for improved overall survival (OS) in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treated with ADT with and without docetaxel (D).
Authors: Harshman Lauren Christine , Chen Yu-Hui , Liu Glenn , Carducci Michael Anthony , Jarrard David Frazier , Dreicer Robert , Hahn Noah M. , Garcia Jorge A. , Hussain Maha , Shevrin Daniel H. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Kohli Manish , Wong Yu-Ning , Cooney Matthew M. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Picus Joel , DiPaola Robert S. , Sweeney Christopher 
Published: March 2017

137 Background: Prior work from SWOG 9346 revealed that PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/dL at 7 months (mo) is prognostic for longer OS with ADT alone. We sought to evaluate if this optimal decline remained predictive of better OS when D was added to ADT for initial mHSPC treatment. Methods: We performed a landmark survival analysis at 7 mo using the E3805 database (NCT00309985). Inclusion required at least 7 mo of followup and PSA levels at 7 mo from ADT initiation. Survival was defined from ADT start or randomization to death. SWOG 9346 PSA nadirs of ≤ 0.2, > 0.2-4 and > 4 were used as classifiers. Results: 719 patients were eligible for analysis: 358 treated with ADT plus D and 361 with ADT alone. Median follow-up was 23.1 mo. On multivariable analysis (MVA), achieving a PSA ≤ 0.2 at 7 mo was more likely if the patient received D and had lower volume disease, prior local therapy, and lower baseline PSAs (all p ≤ 0.01). Across all patients, median OS was significantly longer if PSA at 7 mo reached ≤ 0.2 compared to > 4 (p < 0.0001) (Table). On MVA, PSA ≤ 0.2 at 7 mo and low volume disease were prognostic of longer OS (all p < 0.01). On ADT, 28.8% achieved a PSA ≤ 0.2 at 7 mo vs. 45.3% on ADT+D. Patients on ADT alone who achieved a PSA nadir ≤ 0.2 had the best survival. These patients were more likely to have low volume disease (56.7%) compared to the ADT + D pts (46.3%). Conclusions: Achieving PSA ≤ 0.2 at 7 mo remains prognostic for longer OS with ADT for mHSPC, whether administered alone or with D. Adding D to ADT increased the likelihood of a lower PSA and improved survival. Partial support and drug supply by Sanofi. Clinical trial information: NCT00309985. [Table: see text]
Adverse effects of ADT on cognitive function and dementia for men with prostate cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Authors: Sun Maxine , Cole Alexander , Hanna Nawar , Kibel Adam S. , Choueiri Toni K. , Nguyen Paul L. , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: March 2017

150 Background: Nearly 50% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer may receive treatment with some form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While some side effects of ADT are well acknowledged, the specific impact of ADT on cognitive function is uncertain. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the impact of ADT on overall cognitive decline, and the risks of Alzheimers, Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through search of English language articles indexed in PubMed Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge/Science. First, we assessed rates of cognitive decline in five cohorts from three studies. Second, we assessed rates of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson disease using three large retrospective studies. A pooled-analysis was conducted using a meta-analysis. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan and a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. The heterogeneity test was measured using the Q-Mantel-Haenszel ( P< 0.10 was considered of significant heterogeneity). Results: With respect to overall cognitive decline (defined as scoring 1.5 standard deviations [SD] in two or more objective cognitive tests), patients receiving ADT had higher odds of overall cognitive decline than patients with prostate cancer not treated with ADT or health controls (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.42–2.90). Furthermore, men with a history of ADT for prostate cancer had higher odds of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson dementia compared to men with prostate cancer not treated with ADT (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.27–1.37). Conclusions: Men receiving ADT for prostate cancer performed significantly worse on measures of overall cognitive function. Additionally, results from the three large observational trials included suggest men exposed to ADT for prostate cancer have higher rates of Parkinson/Alzheimer’s compared to men without ADT.