bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SITS-UTMOST: A registry-based prospective study in Europe investigating the impact of regulatory approval of intravenous Actilyse in the extended time window (3–4.5 h) in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ahmed Niaz , Hermansson Karin , Bluhmki Erich , Danays Thierry , Nunes Ana Paiva , Kenton Anthony , Lakshmanan Sekaran , Toni Danilo , Mikulik Robert , Ford Gary A , Lees Kennedy R , Wahlgren Nils 
Published: July 2016

Introduction The SITS-UTMOST (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Upper Time window Monitoring Study) was a registry-based prospective study of intravenous alteplase used in the extended time window (3–4.5 h) in acute ischaemic stroke to evaluate the impact of the approval of the extended time window on routine clinical practice. Patients and methods Inclusion of at least 1000 patients treated within 3–4.5 h according to the licensed criteria and actively registered in the SITS-International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry was planned. Prospective data collection started 2 May 2012 and ended 2 November 2014. A historical cohort was identified for 2 years preceding May 2012. Clinical management and outcome were contrasted between patients treated within 3 h versus 3–4.5 h in the prospective cohort and between historical and prospective cohorts for the 3 h time window. Outcomes were functional independency (modified Rankin scale, mRS) 0–2, favourable outcome (mRS 0–1), and death at 3 months and symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) per SITS. Results 4157 patients from 81 centres in 12 EU countries were entered prospectively ( N = 1118 in the 3–4.5 h, N = 3039 in the 0–3 h time window) and 3454 retrospective patients in the 0–3 h time window who met the marketing approval conditions. In the prospective cohort, median arrival to treatment time was longer in the 3–4.5 h than 3 h window (79 vs. 55 min). Within the 3 h time window, treatment delays were shorter for prospective than historical patients (55 vs. 63). There was no significant difference between the 3–4.5 h versus 3 h prospective cohort with regard to percentage of reported SICH (1.6 vs. 1.7), death (11.6 vs. 11.1), functional independency (66 vs. 65) at 3 months or favourable outcome (51 vs. 50). Discussion Main weakness is the observational design of the study. Conclusion This study neither identified negative impact on treatment delay, nor on outcome, following extension of the approved time window to 4.5 h for use of alteplase in stroke.
Postthrombotic syndrome and other outcomes of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in children
Authors: Avila Maria Laura , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Williams Suzan , Yue Natasha , Krol Peter , Brandão Leonardo R. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
The frequency of PTS, PE, and DVT recurrence was higher in children with Non-LR DVT than in children with LR DVT. Thrombus resolution, DVT triggering event, and sex were predictors of LE PTS in children.
A multidisciplinary team case management approach reduces the burden of frequent asthma admissions
Authors: Burke Hannah , Davis Jenny , Evans Sian , Flower Laura , Tan Andrew , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh J. 
Published: July 2016

Up to 10% of asthmatics have “difficult asthma”; however, they account for 80% of asthma-related expenditure and run the highest risk of acute severe exacerbations. An estimated 75% of admissions for asthma are avoidable. Guidelines advise that these patients be managed by an experienced specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT). We aimed to assess the impact of a case management strategy deliveredviaspecialist MDTs on acute healthcare utilisation of patients with frequent asthma admissions.An MDT (consultant, specialist nurse, physiotherapist and psychologist) case management strategy was introduced in 2010 at University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust (Southampton, UK) to support patients with frequent asthma admissions during admission and then in clinic. To assess efficacy, we systematically searched the hospital database for patients acutely admitted for asthma on two or more occasions in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Data were collected retrospectively covering patient demographics, admission details, asthma severity and comorbidity.From 2010 to 2012, 84 patients were admitted on two or more occasions per year (80% female, mean body mass index 31 kg·m−2and 55% psychological comorbidity). After introducing an MDT approach repeat asthma admissions fell by 33% from 127 in 2010 to 84 in 2012 (p=0.0004). In addition, bed days fell by 52% from 895 in 2010 to 430 in 2010 (p=0.015).An MDT case management approach significantly reduces hospitalisation in difficult asthma patients with prior frequent admission.
Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma
Authors: Zacharasiewicz Angela 
Published: July 2016

Maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) is a large modifiable risk factor for pregnancy related mortality and morbidity and also the most important known modifiable risk factor for asthma.This review summarises the effects of MSP throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence with regards to asthma (development and severity). Firstly, the direct damage caused by nicotine on fetal lung development, fetal growth and neuronal differentiation is discussed, as well as the indirect effects of nicotine on placental functioning. Secondly, the effects of MSP on later immune functioning resulting in increased infection rate are summarised and details are given on the effects of MSP modulating airway hyperreactivity, reducing lung function and therefore increasing asthma morbidity.Furthermore, epigenetic effects are increasingly being recognised. These can also result in transgenerational detrimental effects induced by cigarette smoke.In summary, the causal relationship between MSP and asthma development is well documented and presents a major health problem for generations to come. The high prevalence of MSP is alarming and epigenetic effects of nicotine on immune functioning potentiate this danger. A considerable part of the increase in asthma prevalence worldwide is due to MSP.
Prediction of FAD binding sites in electron transport proteins according to efficient radial basis function networks and significant amino acid pairs
Authors: Le Nguyen-Quoc-Khanh , Ou Yu-Yen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is the most efficient process through which cells harvest energy from consumed food. When cells undergo cellular respiration, they require a pathway to keep and transfer electrons (i.e., the electron transport chain). Due to oxidation-reduction reactions, the electron transport chain produces a transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient. In case protons flow back through this membrane, this mechanical energy is converted into chemical energy by ATP synthase. The convert process is involved in producing ATP which provides energy in a lot of cellular processes. In the electron transport chain process, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is one of the most vital molecules for carrying and transferring electrons. Therefore, predicting FAD binding sites in the electron transport chain is vital for helping biologists understand the electron transport chain process and energy production in cells.

Results
We used an independent data set to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, which had an accuracy of 69.84 %. We compared the performance of the proposed method in analyzing two newly discovered electron transport protein sequences with that of the general FAD binding predictor presented by Mishra and Raghava and determined that the accuracy of the proposed method improved by 9–45 % and its Matthew’s correlation coefficient was 0.14–0.5. Furthermore, the proposed method enabled reducing the number of false positives significantly and can provide useful information for biologists.

Conclusions
We developed a method that is based on PSSM profiles and SAAPs for identifying FAD binding sites in newly discovered electron transport protein sequences. This approach achieved a significant improvement after we added SAAPs to PSSM features to analyze FAD binding proteins in the electron transport chain. The proposed method can serve as an effective tool for predicting FAD binding sites in electron transport proteins and can help biologists understand the functions of the electron transport chain, particularly those of FAD binding sites. We also developed a web server which identifies FAD binding sites in electron transporters available for academics.
Comparison of a xeno-free and serum-free culture system for human embryonic stem cells with conventional culture systems
Authors: Zhang Dan , Mai Qingyun , Li Tao , Huang Jia , Ding Chenhui , Jia Mengxi , Zhou Canquan , Xu Yanwen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundElimination of all animal components during derivation and long-term culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is necessary for future applications of hESCs in clinical cell therapy.MethodsIn this study, we established the culture system of xeno-free human foreskin fibroblast feeders (XF-HFF) in combination with chemically defined medium (CDM). XF-HFF/CDM was compared with several conventional culture systems. The hESCs cultured in different media were further characterized through karyotype analysis, pluripotency gene expression, and cell differentiation ability.ResultsThe hESCs in the XF-HFF/CDM maintained their characteristics including typical morphology and stable karyotype. In addition, hESCs were characterized by fluorescent immunostaining of pluripotent markers and teratoma formation in vivo. RT-PCR analysis shown that the stem cell markers OCT3/4, hTERT, SOX2, and Nanog were present in the cell line hESC-1 grown on XF-HFF/CDM. Furthermore, the results of cell growth and expression of bFGF, Oct-4, and hTERT indicated that XF-HFF/CDM had better performance than human serum-matrix/CDM and XF-HFF/human serum.ConclusionThe comparison of different xeno-free culture conditions will facilitate clarifying the key features of self-renewal, pluripotency, and derivation and will shed light on clinic applications of hESCs.
High-efficiency generation of induced pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells from human dermal fibroblasts using recombinant proteins
Authors: Chen Fanfan , Zhang Guoqiang , Yu Ling , Feng Yanye , Li Xianghui , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Yongting , Sun Dapeng , Pradhan Sriharsa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Induced pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (iPMSCs) are novel candidates for drug screening, regenerative medicine, and cell therapy. However, introduction of transcription factor encoding genes for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation which could be used to generate mesenchymal stem cells is accompanied by the risk of insertional mutations in the target cell genome.

Methods
We demonstrate a novel method using an inactivated viral particle to package and deliver four purified recombinant Yamanaka transcription factors (Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc) resulting in reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was used to analyze genome-wide CpG methylation of human iPMSCs. Western blot, quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and in-vitro differentiation were used to assess the pluripotency of iPMSCs.

Results
The resulting reprogrammed fibroblasts show high-level expression of stem cell markers. The human fibroblast-derived iPMSC genome showed gains in DNA methylation in low to medium methylated regions and concurrent loss of methylation in previously hypermethylated regions. Most of the differentially methylated regions are close to transcription start sites and many of these genes are pluripotent pathway associated. We found that DNA methylation of these genes is regulated by the four iPSC transcription factors, which functions as an epigenetic switch during somatic reprogramming as reported previously. These iPMSCs successfully differentiate into three embryonic germ layer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Following multipotency induction in our study, the delivered transcription factors were degraded, leading to an improved efficiency of subsequent programmed differentiation.

Conclusion
Recombinant transcription factor based reprogramming and derivatization of iPMSC offers a novel high-efficiency approach for regenerative medicine from patient-derived cells.
Antigen-presenting cell-derived IL-6 restricts the expression of GATA3 and IL-4 by follicular helper T cells
Authors: Hercor Mélanie , Anciaux Maelle , Denanglaire Sébastien , Debuisson Delphine , Leo Oberdan , Andris Fabienne 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) support high-affinity Ab production by germinal center B cells through both membrane interactions and secretion of IL-4 and -21, two major cytokines implicated in B-cell survival and Ab class switch. Tfh-2 cells recently emerged in humans as a strong IL-4 producer Tfh cell subset implicated in both autoimmune and allergic diseases. Although the molecular mechanisms governing Tfh cell differentiation from naive T cells have been widely described, much less is known about the regulation of cytokine secretion by mouse Tfh-2 cells. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of dendritic cell–derived IL-6 in fine-tuning cytokine secretion by Tfh cells. Our results demonstrate that priming of Th cells by IL-6-deficient antigen-presenting dendritic cells preferentially leads to accumulation of a subset of Tfh cells characterized by high expression of GATA3 and IL-4, associated with reduced production of IL-21. STAT3-deficient Tfh cells also overexpress GATA3, suggesting that early IL-6/STAT3 signaling during Tfh cell development inhibits the expression of a set of genes associated with the Th2 differentiation program. Overall, our data indicate that IL-6/STAT3 signaling restrains the expression of Th2-like genes in Tfh cells, thus contributing to the control of IgE secretion in vivo.
Differential criteria for binge eating disorder and food addiction in the context of causes and treatment of obesity
Authors: Bąk-Sosnowska Monika 
Published: July 2016

Cel pracyStworzenie kryteriów różnicowych dla Zaburzenia z napadami objadania się (BED) i Uzależnienia od pożywienia (FA)MetodaDokonano szczegółowej analizy porównawczej kryteriów diagnostycznych BED oraz Zaburzeń spowodowanych używaniem substancji, zawartych w Diagnostycznym i Statystycznym Podręczniku Zaburzeń Psychicznych DSM-V. Odniesiono kryteria diagnostyczne obu zaburzeń do publikacji naukowych na temat nadmiernego jedzenia u osób otyłych, z lat 2005-2016, dostępnych w bazie PubMed. Wyodrębniono konkretne podobieństwa oraz różnice pomiędzy Zaburzeniem z napadami objadania się i Uzależnieniem od pożywienia. Sformułowano kryteria różnicowe dla BED a FA.WynikiZarówno w przypadku BED, jak FA występuje m.in: zaabsorbowanie jedzeniem, jedzenie nadmiarowe, utrata kontroli nad ilością i sposobem jedzenia, niemożność zmiany zachowania, kontynuowanie zachowania mimo negatywnych konsekwencji, podwyższony poziom impulsywności i dysregulacja emocji. Różnice między BED i FA dotyczą m.in: funkcji pożywienia, reakcji na pominięcie możliwości jedzenia, psychologicznych mechanizmów radzenia sobie z nadmiernym jedzeniem oraz własnym wyglądem, kwestii tolerancji, zespołu abstynencyjnego i związku nadmiernego jedzenia z innymi obszarami życia.WnioskiKryteria różnicowe BED a FA dotyczą: funkcji jedzenia, okoliczności jedzenia, reakcji na niemożność jedzenia, świadomości problemu. Właściwa diagnoza tych zaburzeń oraz ich różnicowanie zwiększa szanse adekwatnego leczenia pacjentów otyłych.
Finite Element Modeling of Chloride Diffusion in Concrete Using Image Processing for Characterizing Real Shape and Distribution of Different Phases
Authors: Razmjoo A. , Poursaee A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The objective of this work was to establish an approach to create a finite element based model using the actual image of the surface of the concrete. An image from the polished surface of a concrete specimen was prepared and used to develop the model. The model considered the actual shape of both fine and coarse aggregates and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around aggregates. To validate the model, concrete cylinders were exposed to chloride solution and the chloride penetration in concrete cylinders was measured at different times. Results showed that the model could precisely predict the chloride diffusion time, depth, and pattern through concrete. In addition, results indicated that it is imperative to consider all phases including the ITZ around both coarse and fine aggregate, when modeling concrete. The advantages and benefits of the image processing approach for model preparation, including incorporating all concrete phases with their real shapes, were discussed in this paper.
Toward a Specification for Transport Properties of Concrete Based on the Formation Factor of a Sealed Specimen
Authors: Weiss W. J. , Barrett T. J. , Qiao C. , Todak H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes that the formation factor can be used in performance-based specifications as a fundamental measure of the transport properties of concrete. The formation factor can be measured using a concrete cylinder that is sealed until the age of testing and in either the sealed or fully saturated condition at the time of testing. The proposed method is rapid, easy to perform, fundamentally related to service life models, and is applicable to a wide range of binder compositions. The formation factor is defined herein as the ratio of the electrical resistivity of the bulk sample and the resistivity of the pore solution. The role of temperature, pore solution dilution, and moisture conditioning on the measured results is discussed. The paper then provides a relationship between the formation factor and service life for bridge decks and illustrates how this approach could be used for both a specification and for quality control/quality acceptance. It is recommended that the testing method be standardized, though the performance limits of the formation factor may be dependent on the type and geometry of the structure, the location of the structure, the exposure conditions, and the risk associated with damage to the structure.
A New True Triaxial Cell for Field Measurements on Rock Specimens and Its Use in the Characterization of Strain Localization on a Vosges Sandstone During a Plane Strain Compression Test
Authors: Bésuelle P. , Lanatà P. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A new experimental apparatus for rock-specimen analysis has been developed in Laboratoire 3SR (Grenoble) to characterize the evolution under loading of the deformation mode, placing particular attention on the onset of strain localization and the post-localization regime in rocks. The experimental apparatus can be configured to apply true triaxial or plane strain conditions on prismatic specimens, with a confining pressure of up to 100 MPa. The three principal stresses are independently controlled to apply true triaxial conditions. When applying plane strain conditions, the stress perpendicular to the observed specimen's surface is proportionally varied as a function of the loading applied on the specimen, to satisfy the condition of zero strain along this direction. The prismatic specimen can be observed under loading, because its surface, orthogonal with the direction of the intermediate principal stress, is in contact with a hard window (sapphire), thus allowing pictures to be taken throughout the test, as well as enabling full-field measurement. Photographs are analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) to measure displacement and strain fields. The new true triaxial apparatus is presented here, first with a description of the experimental setup and mechanical characteristics of the cell. Then, the experimental procedure adopted to apply and assess the speckle pattern on the sample's surface, as required for DIC, is detailed. Finally, selected results from a test performed with the true triaxial device on a Vosges sandstone sample, performed in plane strain compression, are shown. The onset of strain localization and the shear bands' pattern evolution are shown by means of incremental strain fields obtained by DIC.
Significance of Energy Absorbing Layer in GFRP Composite on Flexural Response
Authors: Loganathan T. G. , Krishnamurthy R. , Chandrasekaran K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The specific properties of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) laminates have expanded its application in making automobile leaf springs. The cross ply laminate (0/R/2090/90/0 and 0/90/90/0) specimen of 25 % and 32 % fiber volume fraction are prepared by a hand lay-up technique with and without a uniquely processed energy absorbing (R-resin) layer in the lay-up. Experimental simulation of the leaf spring loading is done by considering the road tire interaction. The low frequency, constant amplitude cyclic loading was imposed on a cantilever composite specimen by an eccentric disc with an amplitude of 3 mm at 2.6 Hz, 4.6 Hz, and 8.6 Hz frequencies for 11 × 103, 22 × 103, and 33 × 103 cycles. The experiments are planned by Taguchi's DOE and L9 orthogonal array with two factors and three levels. The flexural modulus of the cyclic loaded specimen was obtained by a three-point bend test as per ASTM D790-03 [Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical insulating Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, www.astm.org]. Experimental results are statistically investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and regression analysis. During the study, the critical value of loading frequency and cycle was observed for attaining enhanced flexural modulus. The presence of an energy absorbing resin layer enhances the sustainability of the composite leaf. The damage pattern with orthogonal interaction after loading was examined by the specimen morphology.
Creep and Quasi-Relaxation Examination of Artificially Aged Plasticized PVC
Authors: Kocsis D. , Deák G. , Kéki S. , Godó Z. A. , Horváth R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper introduces long-term tensile and quasi-relaxation tests of polyvinylchloride (PVC) fibers. During creep, the longitudinal and cross-sectional changes were measured of unaged and aged PVC fibers loaded with the same weight. In the quasi-relaxation section, where deformation was frozen, the stress changes were determined. During the examination of the creep, the Poynting–Thomson model described the phenomenon with sufficient accuracy (min R2 0.9628) and the calculated parameter values characterized the aging process well. In the relaxed phase, the Poynting–Thomson model was not adequate, and, therefore, the second-order time derivatives were also involved in the applied model. Aging significantly resulted in parameter changes in this section as well.
Optimal Plans of Constant-Stress Accelerated Life Tests for the Lindley Distribution
Authors: Mohie El-Din M. M. , Abu-Youssef S. E. , Ali N. S. A. , Abd El-Raheem A. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal plans for k-level constant-stress accelerated life test are presented for Lindley failure data under complete sampling. According to the log-linear life-stress relationship, the optimal proportion of test units allocated to each stress level is determined under D- and C-optimality criteria. Moreover, two real data sets are analyzed to illustrate the proposed procedures. Furthermore, the real data sets are used to show that the Lindley distribution can be a better model than one based on the exponential distribution. In addition, numerical examples are used to compare between the D-optimal plan, C-optimal plan, and traditional plan through asymptotic variance of maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs). Finally, some interesting conclusions are obtained.