bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'agrandissement des installations du Collège de France sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Lefranc Olivier 
Published: December 2015

"Enlarging the premises of the College de France in the reign of Louis Philippe", by Olivier Lefranc.
As a very old institution of higher education and higher research, the College de France did not get significant facilities until the late 18th Century. The great architect Chalgrin had been commissioned by Louis XV to design a proper building between 1774 and 1778, but it had not been sturdily built and thus had almost fallen into ruin by 1830. It was located in the heart of the Paris Quartier Latin, hemmed into a too dense and unhealthy urban area down the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, where flood caused considérable damage to the floors and walls. Renovating and enlarging the previous buildings was budgeted by the successive governments under the rule of Louis-Philippe, first spurred on by Adolphe Thiers from 1833 to 1841 ; thus the surface area was unprecedentedly doubled and several neigh bouring houses were bought to make way for the building. The enlarged building is in a severe style as Chalgrin had intended, that was proper for a state-approved scientific institution, and Classical options are quite respected. Chalgrin first made these choices and Lebas, followed by Letarouilly who had it completed, stuck to this initial design.
La doctrine de la restauration en France entre les deux guerres : quelques considérations sur la mise à jour de la discipline
Authors: Garnero Stéphane 
Published: December 2015

"The doctrine of restoration in France between the two World Wars : some thoughts on the revised tenets", by Stéphane Garnero.
The 1920s and 1930s were a period of crucial importance for developments in the theory of restoration. An analysis of France's position, based on the procès-verbaux of the Commission des monuments historiques and the décisions made at that meeting, reveals a complicated and complexly-structured situation. On the one hand, restorations were carried out ensuring continuity with a nineteenth-century model, based on the theory of Viollet-le-Duc. On the other, new, internationally-discussed principles were emerging, in which, contrary to popular belief, France played a leading role. Reading between the lines of a doctrine that was never clearly explained, there appears to be an alternative to the théories of Giovannoni, characterized by a perfect balance between tradition and innovation.
La piscine de Pantin (1935-1937) : une réalisation architecturale et sociale d'envergure
Authors: Inizan Christelle 
Published: December 2015

"The swimming pool of Pantin : an ambitious architectural and social achievement", by Christelle Inizan.
In 1935, while the construction of a sewage pumping and treatment plant was planned by the administration of the French water Utility, the town Council of Pantin decided to have a municipal swimming pool built nearby. It would be supplied with warm waters drawn from one of the neighbouring wells. The mayor of the time, Charles Auray, commissioned his son, as a twenty-four-year-old architect, and appointed Jean Molinié, as a more experienced engineer, to him. The two buildings were definitely architecturally related, which would be paradoxically emphasized by the eventual alterations of the factory façades. Combining ail the features characteristic of the contemporary swimming pools, the swimming pool of Pantin freely borrows from the works of one of the most outstanding personalities of the Dutch Modem Movement, the architect Willem Marinus Dudok.
La piscine du Palais de Cristal à Metz : une apocalypse joyeuse
Authors: Pignon-Feller Christiane 
Published: December 2015

« Der frohe Untergang der Badeanstalt Kristallpalast in Metz », von Christiane Pignon-Feller.
Während der Annektierung der Mosel durch das Deutsche Kaiserreich übernimmt Johann Balassa, ein junger österreichisch-ungarischer Architekt, eigenmächtig die Aufgabe der Stadtverwaltung, in der Stadt Metz eine ganz neuartige Badeanstalt zu bauen (1907-1910).
Zum großen Ärger der Stadtväter und entgegen der bestehenden urbanen und ästhetischen Regeln sprengt er den ihm zugestandenen Rahmen. Er setzt sich zwar als Modell die Thermen der Antike und die Badeanstalten der Kurorte des 19. Jahrhunderts, bietet aber in Metz eine beispielhafte Mischung aus technischer Modernität und ungewohntem Dekor, die auf spielerische Art den Kult des Körpers und die hedonistische Philosophie zelebriert.
Das erste Gebäude wird aus Metzer Stahlbeton von dem Bauunternehmer und Baumeister Nicolas Dietsch gebaut. Dank dessen fortgeschrittener Technik wird das selbsttragende Schwimmbecken in die zweite Etage gehoben. Becken sowie Wände und Fassade werden mit Kristall- und Mosaikscheiben geschmückt, was der Anstalt seinen Namen Kristallpalast verleiht. Die Ornamente aus Gips, Glas und Kunstschmiedeeisen werden bei den besten Meistern der Wiener Sezession und der Wiener Werkstätte ausgesucht.
Die Anstalt bietet den Metzern außerdem alles mögliche für Körperpflege an, so wie jede moderne und benutzerfreundliche Unterhaltung dieser Zeit, unter anderem Kinos, Automatenrestaurants, Spielsäle... Schon nach ein paar Wochen Betrieb aber versinkt « die schönste Anstalt dieser Art in Deutschland » in einem Bankrott ohne Beispiel und wird im Verlauf der wechselvollen Stadtgeschichte leider völlig unkenntlich gemacht.
La piscine municipale de Bruay-en-Artois et le socialisme municipal d'Henri Cadot
Authors: Verdure Marc 
Published: December 2015

« Der Bau der Badeanstalt in Bruay-en-Artois unter der sozialistischen Stadtverwaltung Henri Cadots », von Marc Verdure.
In der Zwischenkriegszeit entwickelt sich eine urbane Politik, die auf die Verbesserung des Lebensrahmens der Stadtbewohner ausgerichtet ist. Besonders in dieser Zeit der allgemeinen Begeisterung für Sport erweist sich der Bau von Sportanlagen als eine ganz bedeutsame Aufgabe der Stadtverwaltungen im Wettbewerb mit privaten Trägern. Das Beispiel des Freibads von Bruay in den Jahren 1935-1936 führt alle politischen Interessen vor Augen. Aufgrund des damaligen Wahlkampfes gibt der Bau Anlass zu dauernden Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den sozialistischen Behörden und der mächtigen Compagnie des Mines de Bruay (Bergwerkgesellschaft), die beiderseits die Zustimmung der Einwohner erringen wollen. Das Schwimmbad von Bruay, das zu den ersten Experimenten dieser Art in Frankreich zählt, wird als eine Erholungsanlage mit Park und Stadium gebaut, wo sowohl Sport als auch öffentliche Gesundheit gefördert werden sollen. Der Architekt Paul Hanote (1879- 1953) entschließt sich für Symmetrie, waagerechte und gerade Linien je nach dem Art Déco Stil. Er übernimmt andererseits die in den Fachzeitschriften geäußerten Prinzipien des Funktionalismus : zwar moderne einfache Materialien verwenden, aber monumentale Formen bevorzugen.
Note sur les niveaux d'occupation du forum de Bavay.
Authors: Carmelez Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2015

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Le terrain sur lequel fut édifié le forum de Bavay était occupé dès l'époque augustéenne ; il comportait des pentes nord-sud et ouest-est qu'il fallut adapter lors de sa construction. Celle-ci est généralement datée du début de l'époque antonine. L'ensemble fut réaménagé au début de l'époque des Sévères après qu'un violent incendie eut ravagé la ville à la fin du IIe siècle. Dans la seconde moitié du IIIe siècle le forum fut transformé en un lieu défensif, puis en castellum entouré de fortifications durant tout le IVe siècle.
Intervenir en EPS pour développer l’entretien de soi. Une étude de cas d’un enseignant expérimenté qui débute
Authors: Loizon Denis 
Published: December 2015

À partir d’une étude de cas portant sur un professeur d’éducation physique et sportive, notre recherche tente de montrer le poids des déterminants personnels (le « déjà-là ») qui agissent dans l’activité didactique du sujet en situation d’enseignement de musculation et de step. En utilisant le cadre théorique et méthodologique de la didactique clinique, nous mettons en évidence le poids du « déjà-là expérientiel » qui est déterminant dans l’engagement de cette enseignante. Ses différentes expériences en course d’orientation, constitutives de son expérience personnelle et professionnelle, structurent grandement ses conceptions de l’EPS organisée autour de quelques mots-clés : engagement physique, plaisir et compétition. L’enseignement des activités centrées sur l’entretien de soi lui fait revivre une position d’enseignante débutante alors qu’elle est déjà expérimentée. Elle s’organise alors au plan didactique pour conserver son statut de sujet supposé savoir, tout en étant très divisée entre deux intentions : développer la motricité et permettre à l’élève d’acquérir des connaissances sur lui dans ces deux activités.
Les compétences sociales à l’école primaire : essai de mesure et effets sur la réussite
Authors: Morlaix Sophie 
Published: December 2015

Ce projet de recherche vise à proposer une mesure et une définition a posteriori de compétences dites sociales à l’école primaire, et à montrer l’intérêt de la prise en compte de ces compétences transversales aux apprentissages dans l’explication des différences de réussite entre élèves. Il repose sur une approche pluri-disciplinaire, permettant d’affiner les outils aussi bien conceptuels que méthodologiques servant à définir et à opérationnaliser les compétences sociales. En ce sens il mobilise des concepts ou des méthodologies empruntés à des disciplines variées (économie, sociologie, psychologie), mais dont la préoccupation commune repose sur une meilleure compréhension de la variabilité des acquisitions scolaires. Ce projet se décomposera en plusieurs points : il permettra dans un premier temps d’établir une typologie de ces compétences sociales, il proposera par la suite une mesure empirique de ces différents types de compétences sociales par des modèles économétriques appropriés, et s’attachera dans une dernière étape à mesurer leur impact sur la réussite scolaire en fin d’école primaire
La justice pénale internationale a 70 ans : entre âge de fer et âge d’or
Authors: Hubrecht Joël 
Published: December 2015

Nuremberg crée le principe moderne de justice pénale internationale, dans un contexte très spécifique. Les années 1990 sont celles d’une renaissance, en particulier avec l’ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda. C’est la convention de Rome qui constitue une percée majeure, en créant une Cour permanente. Celle-ci est critiquée, et son statut n’est pas ratifié par la majorité des membres du Conseil de sécurité. Mais à 70 ans, l’idée de justice pénale internationale est jeune, et toujours une espérance.
Repensando las narrativas nacionales: Un análisis del origen, transmisión e influencia en el aprendizaje histórico
Authors: López Rodriguez César 
Published: December 2015

El formato narrativo ocupa un papel central en el ámbito de la historia, tanto en la generación del conocimiento histórico como en su transmisión y aprendizaje. Sin duda, una de las narrativas más frecuentes y dominantes en el campo son las denominadas narrativas nacionales. Estas narrativas, frecuentemente basadas en mitos y leyendas, buscan principalmente celebrar el pasado nacional, dificultando en gran medida una comprensión crítica del mismo. El presente artículo pretende contribuir a comprender el papel que juegan estas narrativas nacionales en la producción y el consumo del conocimiento histórico a través de un análisis en diferentes ámbitos: el académico, el escolar y el ámbito informal. Finalmente, se presenta una reflexión sobre algunos de los estudios empíricos más recientes que analizan la influencia de estas narrativas nacionales en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
The narrative format plays a central role in the field of history, both in the production of historical knowledge and its transmission and also when it comes to learning. One of the most common and dominant narratives are the so-called national narratives. These narratives, frequently based on myths and legends, aim to celebrate the nation and hinder a critical understanding of the past. This article seeks a better understanding of the role that these national narratives play in the production and consumption of historical knowledge through an analysis in different contexts: academic, school and at an informal ambit. Finally, some of the most recent empirical studies on the influence of these national narratives on students learning are discussed.
Effect of Elastic Bandage Wraps on Leg Edema in Patients before and after Liver Transplant
Authors: Mathews Susan , James Shantell , Anderson Janet D. , Merchant Mehwish , Benenati Sonia , Henry Samantha , Comrie Gem , Pirani Shamsa , Zellinger Mary 
Published: December 2015

Context— Few studies have evaluated the benefits of short-term use of compression therapy to prevent or minimize edema and/or pain in the legs of acutely ill, hospitalized patients without venous leg ulcers. Objective— To determine if the use of elastic bandage wraps of the leg in patients before and after liver transplant decreases edema formation and pain in the leg. Study Population— A convenience sample of inpatients before and after liver transplant. Study Design— Pretest, posttest, randomized controlled trial with each participant serving as his or her own control. Intervention— Elastic bandage wrap applied to leg for 8 hours. Outcome Measures— Edema and pain in leg. Results— In 13 patients before and 11 patients after liver transplant, the mean (SD) change in leg circumference after a single 8-hour application of an elastic bandage wrap was −2.6 (2.2) cm at the ankle and −3.1 (2.9) cm at midcalf for wrapped legs, as opposed to −0.4 (1.6) cm at the ankle and 1.0 (2.8) cm at midcalf for unwrapped legs ( P< .001). Leg pain, measured on a visual analog scale, was significantly lower for the wrapped (mean [SD], 10.3 [26.5] mm) versus the unwrapped (20.3 [33.5] mm) leg ( P= .04). Conclusion— In inpatients before and after liver transplant, the application of elastic bandage wraps to 1 leg for an 8-hour period led to significantly less edema formation and pain compared with the unwrapped leg. These results support the use of elastic bandage wraps in liver transplant patients to reduce leg edema and improve comfort.
Evaluation of curving characteristics of flexible liquid crystal displays fabricated using polycarbonate substrates
Authors: Sato Akihito , Ishinabe Takahiro , Fujikake Hideo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The improvement of the contrast ratio of flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs) fabricated using plastic substrates in a curved state is an important problem to achieve high-quality flexible LCDs. In this study, we evaluated the distributions of in-plane phase retardation and slow axis direction of polycarbonate substrates and the effects of curvature on the electro-optical properties of flexible LCDs. As a result, we clarified that the polycarbonate substrates have high uniformity in the in-plane phase retardation and slow axis direction, and that the change in the phase retardation of the polycarbonate substrate caused by the curvature deformation has a small effect on the electro-optical characteristics of flexible LCDs. We successfully achieved a high contrast ratio of

by fabricating the device using polycarbonate substrates. This result indicates that it is possible to realize high-quality images in flexible LCDs fabricated using polycarbonate substrates even in the curved state.
Room-temperature wafer scale bonding using smoothed Au seal ring surfaces for hermetic sealing
Authors: Kurashima Yuichi , Maeda Atsuhiko , Takagi Hideki 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We evaluated room-temperature bonding characteristics of electroplated Au surfaces smoothed by the lift-off and imprint methods. As a result, we found that smoothed surfaces enable strong bonding; on the other hand, electroplated rough surfaces result in very weak bonding. In transmission electron microscopy observations, no delamination was observed at the bonding interface bonded at room temperature using a smooth surface prepared by the lift-off method. Moreover, the hermeticity of the bonding interface prepared using smoothed surfaces was evaluated using diaphragm structures. As a result, we confirmed that good hermetic sealing was achieved using the electroplated Au surface smoothed by the lift-off method.
Performance analysis of electrophorically deposited ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells prepared using compression at elevated temperature along with postannealing
Authors: Choudhury Md. Shamimul Haque , Kishi Naoki , Soga Tetsuo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this investigation, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates. Electrophoretically deposited photoanodes were annealed at different temperatures to investigate the effect of the postannealing temperature on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. Solar cells prepared with different compression pressures and compressions at an elevated temperature (optimum at 70 °C) were the state-of-the-art for this type of investigation. The photovoltaic performance was found to be improved by this novel heating and compression technique compared with the conventional postannealing or compression technique. When high-temperature postannealing (around 450 °C) was carried out along with heating and compression, the efficiency was found to be improved. From the surface morphology of the photoanodes investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was evident that compression at an elevated temperature is favorable to obtain a uniform compact layer.
Measurement of Glucose Uptake in Cultured Cells
Authors: Yamamoto Norio , Ueda‐Wakagi Manabu , Sato Takuya , Kawasaki Kengo , Sawada Keisuke , Kawabata Kyuichi , Akagawa Mitsugu , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFacilitative glucose uptake transport systems are ubiquitous in animal cells and are responsible for transporting glucose across cell surface membranes. Evaluation of glucose uptake is crucial in the study of numerous diseases and metabolic disorders such as myocardial ischemia, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Detailed in this unit are laboratory methods for assessing glucose uptake into mammalian cells. The unit is divided into five sections: (1) a brief overview of glucose uptake assays in cultured cells; (2) a method for measuring glucose uptake using radiolabeled 3‐O‐methylglucose; (3) a method for measuring glucose uptake using radiolabeled 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG); (4) a microplate method for measuring 2DG‐uptake using an enzymatic, fluorometric assay; and (5) a microplate‐based method using a fluorescent analog of 2DG. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental laboratory study on the formation of multiple shock waves observed during volcanic eruptions
Authors: Médici E. F. , Waite G. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSequences of multiple pressure waves have recently been observed in different explosive volcanic eruptions, but their origin is not clearly understood. Although a pulsating type of eruption with many individual discharges can produce this effect, the formation of multiple shock waves could also result from a single discharge through (1) the dynamics of the shock wave itself, (2) the coupled shock wave‐supersonic jet dynamics, or (3) a combination of these factors. Shock tube experiments were performed to evaluate these potential mechanisms under controlled laboratory conditions. The amount of energy released was varied to achieve different weak shock wave conditions and to promote formation of single or multiple shock waves through both shock wave dynamics and coupled shock wave‐supersonic jet interactions. Our analysis indicates that both mechanisms may play a role in the formation of multiple pressure waves in low‐intensity eruptions.
Seismic array constraints on the D″ discontinuity beneath Central America
Authors: Whittaker Stefanie , Thorne Michael S. , Schmerr Nicholas C. , Miyagi Lowell 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe analyzed 16,150 transverse component seismic recordings from 54 deep‐focus earthquakes in the South American and Caribbean regions recorded at broadband stations in North America between 2005 and 2012. We treated subgroups of seismic stations within 3° radius geographical bins as seismic arrays and performed vespagram analysis. We focused on the S, ScS, and Scd arrivals and collected data in the epicentral distance range from 55° to 90°. In particular, we searched for D″ discontinuity presence in the vespagrams in a 25° by 35° (or 1520 by 2130 km) area beneath Central America. Analysis of these data showed 125 clear Scd observations, 180 Scd observations of lesser quality, and 343 nonobservations. We produced a new map of the discontinuity height beneath Central America. Our map shows an average discontinuity height of 286 ± 6 km (σ = 76 km). The region is punctuated by a large topographic high centered at approximately 10°N and 90°W with a maximum height of 380 km. Two smaller topographic highs are located at approximately 4°N and 81°W (discontinuity height of 320 km) and at 4°N and 70°W (height of 315 km). The observation of multiple Scd arrivals collocated with the strongest gradients in inferred topography provides evidence for topographic variation on the discontinuity rather than multiple discontinuities. The regions where the discontinuity has the greatest height can be explained by localized enrichment of mid‐ocean ridge basalt from the subducted Farallon slab impinging on the core‐mantle boundary.
Estimation of critical shear stress for erosion in the Changjiang Estuary: A synergy research of observation, GOCI sensing and modeling
Authors: Ge Jianzhong , Shen Fang , Guo Wenyun , Chen Changsheng , Ding Pingxing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSimulating the sediment transport in a high‐turbidity region with spatially varying bed properties is challenging. A comprehensive strategy that integrates multiple methods is applied here to retrieve the critical shear stress for erosion, which plays a major role in suspended sediment dynamics in the Changjiang Estuary (CE). Time‐series of sea surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were retrieved from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) satellite data at hourly intervals (for 8 h each day) and combined with hydrodynamic modeling of high‐resolution CE Finite‐Volume Community Ocean Model (CE‐FVCOM) to estimate the near‐bed critical shear stress in the clay‐dominated bed region (plasticity index > 7%). An experimental algorithm to determine the in situ critical shear stress via the plasticity index method was also used to verify the GOCI‐derived critical shear stress. Implemented with this new critical shear stress, the sediment transport model significantly improved the simulation of the distribution and spatial variability of the SSC during the spring and neap tidal cycles in the CE. The results suggest that a significant lateral water exchange between channels and shoals occurred during the spring flood tide, which led to a broader high‐SSC area in the CE throughout the water column.