bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of prebiotic fibre on the gut microbiome and surgical outcomes in patients with prosthetic joint infection (PENGUIN) - study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ACTRN12623001273673)
Authors: Sharma Deepti K. , Ramadass Balamurugan , Callary Stuart A. , Meade Anthony , Dash Rishikesh , Clothier Robyn , Atkins Gerald J. , Solomon L. Bogdan , Ramasamy Boopalan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) is the most devastating complication of arthroplasty surgery and affects 1–5% of patients. Despite strict adherence to aseptic protocols and preventive measures, infection is the most common reason for revision arthroplasty, and the incidence is increasing. Treatment of PJI is challenging and often requires repeated major surgeries with sequentially poor results. The continued occurrence of PJI, and persistence after treatment, brings into question the current treatment paradigm. Preclinical evidence suggests a link between altered gut health and the risk of PJI in arthroplasty patients. Resistant starches helps to restore gut physiology by enhancing the beneficial microbiome and producing short-chain fatty acids, which have several health-conferring properties. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a commercially available prebiotic fibre formulation on the gut microbiome in PJI patients planned for a two-stage revision surgery.

Methods
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial will assess the effect of 8-week supplementation of a commercially available prebiotic supplement in patients presenting with first-time PJI undergoing two-stage revision surgery. The supplementation phase will start after the first stage revision, and 80 patients will be randomised to receive either a test product (34 g of resistant starch) or a placebo (custard powder) daily for eight weeks. Stool and blood specimens will be collected at baseline, four weeks and eight weeks after the first-stage surgery and once at second-stage surgery. Gut microbiome profile, inflammatory cytokines and gut permeability biomarkers will be measured. Tissue specimens will be collected intra-operatively during first and second-stage surgeries. Baseline dietary patterns and gut symptoms will be recorded using validated questionnaires. Treatment outcomes will be reported for both cohorts using the Delphi criterion at one and two years after second-stage surgery.

Discussion
This will be the first study to investigate the relationship between gut health optimisation and preventing PJI recurrence in arthroplasty patients. If supplementation with resistant starch improves gut health and reduces systemic inflammation, optimising the gut microbiome will be a recommended preoperative management strategy for arthroplasty patients.

Trial registration no
ACTRN12623001273673.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of women with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Yuan Hua , Wang Yaxi , Li Ning , Wu Lingying , Yao Hongwen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
To determine the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of women with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival of women with recurrent uLMS and identify prognostic factors.

Results
Overall, 71 patients with first recurrence of uLMS were included in our study. 19 patients (26.8%) received systemic therapy and 52 patients (73.2%) received secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS). In SCS subgroup (n = 52), a complete resection with no residual disease was performed in 47 patients (90.4%). 38.5% (20/52) patients received non-reproductive organ surgeries. 10 (19.2%) patients had received thoracic surgery because of lung-only recurrence. Bowel, bladder surgery was performed in 8 (15.4%), 3 (5.8%) patients, respectively. 1 (1.9%) patient had received liver surgery. The median follow-up duration was 38.7 months (range: 2.7-317.6 months). 41 (57.7%) patients died during follow-up. 5-year OS for the entire cohort was 52.9%. Patients experienced first recurrence after initial diagnoses within 12 months (n = 24) had a worse 5-year OS than those after 12 months (n = 47) (17.0% vs. 69.1%, P < 0.001). 5-year OS for the SCS and non-SCS subgroup was 62.0% and 28.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed time to fist recurrence within 12 months (HR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.49–14.4, P = 0.008) was an independent predictor of decreased 5-year OS in SCS subgroup.

Conclusions
SCS is an important treatment choice for recurrent uLMS and seems to have benefited patients. Time to fist recurrence within 12 months is an independent predictor of decreased 5-year OS in SCS subgroup.
Safety and efficacy of human amniotic membrane plug transplantation in cases of macular hole. A scoping review
Authors: Quiroz-Reyes Miguel A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Erick A. , Quiroz-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Lima-Gomez Virgilio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently, there has been a surge of literature utilizing the human amniotic membrane (hAM) to manage cases of macular holes. In this scoping review, we aimed to systematically narrate the literature to identify cases of macular holes that are managed using hAM and explore the visual and anatomical outcomes to inform future research questions.

Methods
This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A detailed database search strategy (Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Central) was developed to identify English-language published articles that reported using hAM to manage macular holes. All human clinical studies were included for a narrative data synthesis divided across study types.

Results
The database search identified 82 articles, of which 34 were eligible for full-text review (0 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 12 non-RCTs, 10 retrospective reviews, ten published case reports, and two clinical trial registries). The non-RCTs included patients with macular holes related to a wide range of retinal diseases, including retinal detachment, recurrent holes, and high myopia. Only two non-RCTs reported comparative data with a control group, but the study characteristics differed, and quantitative synthesis was impossible. Most retrospective interventional series and individual case reports reported a success rate of 93 -100% in hole closure and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity. None of the studies reported adverse effects after a hAM transplantation.

Conclusion
The hAM effectively seals macular holes without any safety concerns, improving anatomical and visual outcomes in all macular holes.
Research on distribution automation security situational awareness technology based on risk transmission path and multi-source information fusion
Authors: Liu Jingzhi , Yang Hongyi , Qu Quanlei , Liu Zhidong , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt may be difficult for existing methods to make full use of the correlation and complementarity of various kinds of information when processing multi-source information. In order to accurately perceive the security situation of distribution automation and ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution network, the multi-source information fusion distribution automation security situation awareness technology based on risk transmission path is studied. Based on the risk transmission path, the distribution automation security situational awareness factors are analyzed, and the main factors affecting the distribution automation security situation are divided into two dimensions: internal source and external source, and eight main awareness factors; Different types of sensors are set in the main areas of security situational awareness factors to collect data of different awareness factors. Using ant colony algorithm to optimize DS evidence fusion method, data with different perception factors are fused, and data fusion results with different perception factors are obtained. The distribution automation security situational awareness model is constructed, and the security situational awareness results are obtained based on the data fusion results of the awareness factors. If the results are higher than the set threshold, the abnormal signal can be output to determine the area where the distribution automation abnormal equipment is located. The experimental results show that the multi-source data fusion effect of this method is good, and it can accurately perceive the security status of different nodes of the experimental object at different time nodes.
Cost–utility analysis of adapted problem adaptation therapy for depression in mild-to-moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease: PATHFINDER randomised controlled trial
Authors: Panca Monica , Howard Robert , Cort Elizabeth , Rawlinson Charlotte , Gould Rebecca L. , Wiegand Martin , Downey Anne Marie , Banerjee Sube , Fox Chris , Harwood Rowan , Livingston Gill , Moniz-Cook Esme , Russell Gregor , Thomas Alan , Wilkinson Philip , Freemantle Nick , Hunter Rachael Maree 
Published: October 2024

Background
Depression is common in people with dementia, and negatively affects quality of life.

Aims
This paper aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an intervention for depression in mild and moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease over 12 months (PATHFINDER trial), from both the health and social care and societal perspectives.

Method
A total of 336 participants were randomised to receive the adapted PATH intervention in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 168) or TAU alone (n = 168). Health and social care resource use were collected with the Client Service Receipt Inventory and health-related quality-of-life data with the EQ-5D-5L instrument at baseline and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up points. Principal analysis comprised quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) calculated from the participant responses to the EQ-5D-5L instrument.

Results
The mean cost of the adapted PATH intervention was estimated at £1141 per PATHFINDER participant. From a health and social care perspective, the mean difference in costs between the adapted PATH and control arm at 12 months was −£74 (95% CI −£1942 to £1793), and from the societal perspective was −£671 (95% CI −£9144 to £7801). The mean difference in QALYs was 0.027 (95% CI −0.004 to 0.059). At £20 000 per QALY gained threshold, there were 74 and 68% probabilities of adapted PATH being cost-effective from the health and social care and societal perspective, respectively.

Conclusions
The addition of the adapted PATH intervention to TAU for people with dementia and depression generated cost savings alongside a higher quality of life compared with TAU alone; however, the improvements in costs and QALYs were not statistically significant.
Patient trust in the use of machine learning-based clinical decision support systems in psychiatric services: A randomized survey experiment
Authors: Perfalk Erik , Bernstorff Martin , Danielsen Andreas Aalkjær , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) based on machine-learning (ML) models are emerging within psychiatry. If patients do not trust this technology, its implementation may disrupt the patient-clinician relationship. Therefore, the aim was to examine whether receiving basic information about ML-based CDSS increased trust in them.

Methods
We conducted an online randomized survey experiment in the Psychiatric Services of the Central Denmark Region. The participating patients were randomized into one of three arms: Intervention = information on clinical decision-making supported by an ML model; Active control = information on a standard clinical decision process, and Blank control = no information. The participants were unaware of the experiment. Subsequently, participants were asked about different aspects of trust and distrust regarding ML-based CDSS. The effect of the intervention was assessed by comparing scores of trust and distrust between the allocation arms.

Results
Out of 5800 invitees, 992 completed the survey experiment. The intervention increased trust in ML-based CDSS when compared to the active control (mean increase in trust: 5% [95% CI: 1%; 9%], p = 0.0096) and the blank control arm (mean increase in trust: 4% [1%; 8%], p = 0.015). Similarly, the intervention reduced distrust in ML-based CDSS when compared to the active control (mean decrease in distrust: −3%[−1%; −5%], p = 0.021) and the blank control arm (mean decrease in distrust: −4% [−1%; −8%], p = 0.022). No statistically significant differences were observed between the active and the blank control arms.

Conclusions
Receiving basic information on ML-based CDSS in hospital psychiatry may increase patient trust in such systems.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fatigue Interference With Functioning in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Mosher Catherine E. , Lee Shieun , Addington Elizabeth L. , Park Seho , Lewson Ashley B. , Snyder Stella , Hirsh Adam T. , Bricker Jonathan B. , Miller Kathy D. , Ballinger Tarah J. , Schneider Bryan P. , Storniolo Anna Maria , Newton Erin V. , Champion Victoria L. , Johns Shelley A. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Fatigue is a highly prevalent and disabling symptom for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Evidence-based interventions for managing fatigue in advanced cancer populations are lacking. This phase II randomized controlled trial tested the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on fatigue interference with functioning in patients with MBC.

METHODS
Eligible patients were women with stage IV breast cancer who had moderate to severe fatigue interference. Patients completed a baseline assessment that included self-report measures of fatigue interference with activities, mood, and cognition (primary outcome) and sleep interference with functioning, engagement in daily activities, and quality of life (QOL; secondary outcomes). Then patients were randomly assigned to six weekly telephone-delivered sessions of either ACT (n = 116) or education/support (n = 120). Follow-up assessments occurred at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention (means, 9.69, 20.51, and 33.59 weeks postbaseline, respectively).

RESULTS

Linear mixed model analyses showed that compared with patients in the education/support condition, patients in the ACT condition reported significantly less fatigue interference (
P
= .018). These results were significant at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention. ACT's effect on sleep interference was not statistically significant after the Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons (
P
= .037). ACT patients showed a steady decline in sleep interference, a trend that was not found for education/support patients. Engagement in daily activities and QOL did not significantly differ between study groups, except for functional QOL (
P
= .006). Compared with education/support patients, ACT patients showed significantly better functional QOL at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention.

CONCLUSION
Results suggest that a brief, telephone-delivered ACT intervention can reduce fatigue interference with functioning in patients with MBC.
The Earliest Known Text in Latin by a Nahuatl Speaker: Juan de Tlaxcala, “Verba sociorum domini Petri Tlacauepantzi” (1541)
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the 1500s, don Pedro de Montezuma, son of Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (Montezuma II), petitioned for the return of land and estates in Tula, fifty miles away from Mexico City. A report that was compiled in Latin in 1541, now generally known as “Verba sociorum domini Petri Tlacauepantzi,” remains an important source for his contested claim. This article presents a transcription and the first translation of the document into English. After (1) a synopsis and elucidation of its content, the introductory discussion will (2) highlight linguistic and scribal evidence to show that the text was written by a speaker of Nahuatl, (3) confirm Pedro de Montezuma’s identification of the writer as Juan de Tlaxcala, and (4) offer some concluding reflections on the significance of his use of Latin in this context.
Chemomechanical regulation of EZH2 localization controls epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sacco Jessica L. , Vaneman Zachary T. , Self Ava , Sumner Elix , Kibinda Stella , Sankhe Chinmay S. , Gomez Esther W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates gene expression, and aberrant EZH2 expression and signaling can drive fibrosis and cancer. However, it is not clear how chemical and mechanical signals are integrated to regulate EZH2 and gene expression. We show that culture of cells on stiff matrices in concert with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 promotes nuclear localization of EZH2 and an increase in the levels of the corresponding histone modification, H3K27me3, thereby regulating gene expression. EZH2 activity and expression are required for TGFβ1- and stiffness-induced increases in H3K27me3 levels as well as for morphological and gene expression changes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of Rho associated kinase (ROCK) proteins or myosin II signaling attenuates TGFβ1-induced nuclear localization of EZH2 and decreases H3K27me3 levels in cells cultured on stiff substrata, suggesting that cellular contractility, in concert with a major cancer signaling regulator TGFβ1, modulates EZH2 subcellular localization. These findings provide a contractility-dependent mechanism by which matrix stiffness and TGFβ1 together mediate EZH2 signaling to promote EMT.
Wilson’s disease: A Comprehensive Review of Genetics, Pathophysiology, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnostic Techniques and Current Treatment
Authors: Wdowiak Natalia , Choinka Martyna , Konopka Agata , Szczepaniak Zuzanna , Adamska Kinga 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Wilson's disease (WD) is a genetic disease, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene, which results in impaired excretion of copper in the bile. This causes the accumulation of copper in various tissues and organs, leading to their damage. The range and severity of symptoms are wide, so diagnosis is difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. The most common clinical symptoms are hepatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical suspicion, typical symptoms and reduced serum ceruloplasmin concentration. Treatment includes pharmacological therapies, and in some cases liver transplantation is necessary. Wilson's disease, if left untreated, inevitably leads to serious disability and death.

Purpose of the work: This study aims to review and characterize the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of Wilson’s disease.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis of research papers available on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus was undertaken using the searchterms encompassing the following keywords: Wilson’s disease, Copper metabolism, Copper toxicity, ATP7B, Ceruloplasmin, Gene Mutation

Results: Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that can lead to severe disability and even death. For this reason, rapid diagnosis and appropriately selected and individualized treatment play a key role. Wilson's disease remains a major diagnostic challenge, but new techniques for its diagnosis, such as genotype analysis, mainly through sequencing, as well as newborn screening, may significantly improve patient prognosis in the future.
Price Formation in Markets with Trading Delays
Authors: Pintér Gábor , Üslü Semih 
Published: October 2024

We develop a parsimonious price formation model to study information aggregation and information acquisition in the presence of trading delays. If delays apply uniformly to uninformed and informed traders, the level of delays does not affect information aggregation. Traders’ information acquisition incentives are, however, weaker in a market with longer delays. Therefore, the equilibrium fraction of informed traders is lower if delays are longer, establishing an inverse relationship between trading delays and price informativeness. We also show that risk premia and price dispersion tend to be nonmonotonic functions of the level of delays when information acquisition is endogenous. We document novel empirical evidence from the UK corporate bond market, which largely corroborates the implications of our theory. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.01400 .
Securities Markets in Which Some Investors Receive Information About Cash Flow Betas
Authors: Huang Shiyang , Schneemeier Jan , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Yang Liyan 
Published: October 2024

We analyze a single-factor setting in which there is private information regarding cash flows as well as their betas. Private information about betas, together with market makers’ risk aversion and mean betas’ nonnegativity, implies a nonlinear price schedule whose stochastic slope covaries positively with order flow when the expected factor payoff is positive and vice versa. We predict a negative relation between the covariance and expected returns and an attenuation of the beta anomaly in asset returns after accounting for this relation. Empirical tests confirm these predictions. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: L. Yang acknowledges the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 435-2021-0040] and Bank of Canada Fellowship for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02061 .
Machine Learning For Risk Prediction After Heart Failure Emergency Department Visit or Hospital Admission Using Administrative Health Data
Authors: Fine Nowell M. , Kalmady Sunil V. , Sun Weijie , Greiner Russ , Howlett Jonathan G. , White James A. , McAlister Finlay A. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Kaul Padma 
Published: October 2024

Aims
Patients visiting the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized for heart failure (HF) are at increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes, however effective risk stratification remains challenging. We utilized a machine-learning (ML)-based approach to identify HF patients at risk of adverse outcomes after an ED visit or hospitalization using a large regional administrative healthcare data system.

Methods and results
Patients visiting the ED or hospitalized with HF between 2002–2016 in Alberta, Canada were included. Outcomes of interest were 30-day and 1-year HF-related ED visits, HF hospital readmission or all-cause mortality. We applied a feature extraction method using deep feature synthesis from multiple sources of health data and compared performance of a gradient boosting algorithm (CatBoost) with logistic regression modelling. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to assess model performance. We included 50,630 patients with 93,552 HF ED visits/hospitalizations. At 30-day follow-up in the holdout validation cohort, the AUC-ROC for the combined endpoint of HF ED visit, HF hospital readmission or death for the Catboost and logistic regression models was 74.16 (73.18–75.11) versus 62.25 (61.25–63.18), respectively. At 1-year follow-up corresponding values were 76.80 (76.1–77.47) versus 69.52 (68.77–70.26), respectively. AUC-ROC values for the endpoint of all-cause death alone at 30-days and 1-year follow-up were 83.21 (81.83–84.41) versus 69.53 (67.98–71.18), and 85.73 (85.14–86.29) versus 69.40 (68.57–70.26), for the CatBoost and logistic regression models, respectively.

Conclusions
ML-based modelling with deep feature synthesis provided superior risk stratification for HF patients at 30-days and 1-year follow-up after an ED visit or hospitalization using data from a large administrative regional healthcare system.