bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and Politics in Argentina
Authors: Esquivel Juan Cruz 
Published: February 2016

The interactions between the state and religious institutions in Argentina are expressed on the municipal, provincial, and national levels, in the sphere of legislation and public policy, and in a wide range of undefined informal relationships. Politics and religion have historically been intertwined, and their relationship can be described as subsidiary laicism, in which the recognition of civil rights coexists with significant intervention of the Church in the implementation of public policy and in which state support of religion at an intermediate level is considered legitimate. Religious institutions and convictions influence votes in the Congress on laws expanding sexual and reproductive rights, and under such influence provincial and municipal governments delay the implementation of those laws. Las interacciones entre las instituciones estatales y religiosas en la Argentina se expresan a nivel municipal, provincial y nacional en el ámbito de la legislación y la política pública, y en una amplia gama de relaciones informales no definidas. La política y la religión han sido entrelazadas históricamente, y se puede describir su relación como laicismo ancilar, donde el reconocimiento de los derechos civiles coexiste con apreciable intervención de la Iglesia en la implementación de la política pública, y en dónde el apoyo estatal a la religión a un nivel intermedio se considera legítimo. Las instituciones y convicciones religiosas influyen sobre la votación en el Congreso sobre leyes ampliando los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y bajo tal influencia los gobiernos provinciales y municipales retrasan la implementación de aquellas leyes.
Role of Residency Interview Preparatory Activities as a Determinant on Pharmacy Residency Match Rates
Authors: Caballero Joshua , Benavides Sandra , Clauson Kevin A. , Hardigan Patrick C. , Steinberg Jennifer G. , Gauthier Timothy P. , Sherman Elizabeth M. , Seamon Matthew J. , Valdes Jose , Thomas Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: Different strategies have been implemented to assist students in securing residency positions. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of student participation in residency preparation activities on match rates. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted to explore the effect of participation in residency preparation activities and grade point average (GPA) on residency match rate. Match rates for students participating in the Residency Interview Preparation Seminar (RIPS) or mock interviews (ie, intervention group) were compared with students who participated in neither activity (ie, control group). Results: A total of 118 individuals were included in the comparison. Forty-eight students participated in RIPS (n = 29) or mock interviews (n = 19), while 70 students were in the control group. The intervention group had a statistically larger proportion of students securing residency than the control group (81% vs 57%; P = .009). Match rates between students enrolled in RIPS versus those in the mock interview group were not significant. No statistically significant differences were observed based on GPA. Conclusion: Students receiving additional preparation prior to interviews when seeking postdoctoral training were significantly more likely to obtain a residency position. In academic settings with limited resources, mock interviews may be preferred over comprehensive preparatory courses.
English single content morphemes in Persian structure: Applying the Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) and 4M Model
Authors: Hadei Marzieh , Ramakrishna Rita AR 
Published: February 2016

Aim and objective: The aim of this study is to show how different English single content morphemes, in particular nouns and adjectives, occur in the Persian structure by applying the Matrix Language Frame and 4M models. Methodology: The data collection in the present study includes tape-recordings of spontaneous conversations involving 12 Persian–English bilingual speakers at a public university in Malaysia. The IELTS participants’ scores were 6.0 or higher and they were between 20 and 40 years old. Data and analysis: Qualitatively, 8 hours of tape-recorded conversations were transcribed and coded carefully according to the Canonical Trilinear Representation. Quantitatively, the English content morphemes, especially nouns and adjectives, were analysed syntactically and morphosyntactically to show how they grammatically occur in the bilingual complementiser phrases. Findings and conclusions: The findings of this study reveal that code-switching was permissible even when it led to structural dissimilarity. Wherever it was required by a Persian principle, the inserted English elements, particularly nouns and adjectives, received different Persian markers. They may also appear without any Persian marker where required by the Persian grammar. Moreover, the data supported the Matrix Language Frame and 4M models’ principles, Morpheme order principle and System morpheme principle, and no counterexample appeared against the mentioned models. Originality/significance/implication: There are few studies on code-switching between Persian and English that focus on typological differences between the languages involved and the use of the Matrix Language Frame model and 4M model. Thus, the present study contributes knowledge in the field of code-switching between Persian and English and discusses how English single content morphemes, particularly nouns and adjectives, occur in the Persian structure by applying both the Matrix Language Frame model and 4M model as references.
US service member tourniquet use on the battlefield: Iraq and Afghanistan 2003–2011
Authors: Dunn John C , Fares Austin , Kusnezov Nicholas , Chandler Philip , Cordova Christopher , Orr Justin , Belmont Philip , Pallis Mark 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Tourniquet use has not been studied regarding specifically combat-intense military occupational specificities. This analysis examined the survivability, frequency of use, and nature of injuries in which tourniquets were employed among personnel in a single combat-specific military occupational specialty during combat operations. Methods Injuries sustained by the combat-specific soldier, the cavalry scout, from 2003 to 2011 were identified using the Joint Theater Trauma Registry. Basic demographic information, mechanism of injury, injury characteristics, and mortality were recorded. Results Of the 453 cavalry scouts wounded in action, 313 had adequate documentation upon arrival to a field hospital. Tourniquets were applied to 24 (7.7%) extremity wounds, 23 (96%) of these soldiers survived and one died of wounds (4.2%). Among those is in which tourniquets were used, there were seven (30%) senior enlisted and 16 (70%) junior enlisted soldiers with an average age of 24.8 years. Injuries were caused by gunshot wounds in 4 (17%), explosions in 18 (74%) and other mechanisms in two (8.3%). The primary reason for tourniquet application was open fracture ( n = 14, 61%), followed by vascular injury ( n = 5, 22%), and amputation ( n = 3, 13%). Other penetrating injuries were present in 19 (83%) of scouts. Conclusion The high survivability of patients transported with tourniquet in place underscores the importance of battlefield tourniquet application. Continued focus on education and equipping combat personnel with tourniquets is critical to survivability of the injured solider.
The Determinants of State Legislator Support for Restrictive Voter ID Laws
Authors: Hicks William D. , McKee Seth C. , Smith Daniel A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe examine state legislator behavior on restrictive voter identification (ID) bills from 2005 to 2013. Partisan polarization of state lawmakers on voter ID laws is well known, but we know very little with respect to other determinants driving this political division. A major shortcoming of extant research evaluating the passage of voter ID bills stems from using the state legislature as the unit of analysis. We depart from existing scholarship by using the state legislator as our unit of analysis, and we cover the entirety of the period when restrictive voter ID laws became a frequent agenda item in state legislatures. Beyond the obviously significant effect of party affiliation, we find a notable relationship between the racial composition of a member's district, region, and electoral competition and the likelihood that a state lawmaker supports a voter ID bill. Democratic lawmakers representing substantial black district populations are more opposed to restrictive voter ID laws, whereas Republican legislators with substantial black district populations are more supportive. We also find Southern lawmakers (particularly Democrats) are more opposed to restrictive voter ID legislation. In particular, we find black legislators in the South are the least supportive of restrictive voter ID bills, which is likely tied to the historical context associated with state laws restricting electoral participation. Finally, in those state legislatures where electoral competition is not intense, polarization over voter ID laws is less stark, which likely reflects the expectation that the reform will have little bearing on the outcome of state legislative contests.
Is it time to abandon suicide risk assessment?
Authors: Murray Declan 
Published: February 2016

SummarySuicide risk assessment includes estimating the likelihood of suicide in
words such as ‘low, medium or high’. A ‘high suicide risk’ rating can
trigger a powerful urge to eliminate risk immediately. But it is far from
clear what ‘high suicide risk’ actually means. In the current state of
knowledge, suicide reduction measures should apply to all psychiatric
patients, irrespective of an individual patient's perceived risk. For
patients presenting with suicidal thoughts, feelings and behaviour,
assessment and management should focus on reducing or tolerating emotional
pain.
Predicting hospital aggression in secure psychiatric
care
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Priday Lee J. , Ireland Carol A. , Chu Simon , Kilcoyne Jennifer , Mulligan Caroline 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundRisk assessment instruments have become a preferred means for predicting
future aggression, claiming to predict long-term aggression risk.AimsTo investigate the predictive value over 12 months and 4 years of two
commonly applied instruments (Historical, Clinical and Risk Management -
20 (HCR-20) and Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG)).MethodParticipants were adult male psychiatric patients detained in a high
secure hospital. All had a diagnosis of personality disorder. The focus
was on aggression in hospital.ResultsThe actuarial risk assessment (VRAG) was generally performing better than
the structured risk assessment (HCR-20), although neither approach
performed particularly well overall. Any value in their predictive
potential appeared focused on the longer time period under study (4
years) and was specific to certain types of aggression.ConclusionsThe value of these instruments for assessing aggression in hospital among
patients with personality disorder in a high secure psychiatric setting
is considered.
Pulmonary Function in Patients With Germ Cell Cancer Treated With Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin
Authors: Lauritsen Jakob , Kier Maria Gry Gundgaard , Bandak Mikkel , Mortensen Mette Saksø , Thomsen Frederik Birkebæk , Mortensen Jann , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: February 2016

Purpose For patients with germ cell cancer, various pulmonary toxicity risk factors have been hypothesized for treatment with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). Because existing studies have shortcomings, we present a large, unselected cohort of patients who have undergone close monitoring of lung function before, during, and after treatment with BEP to disclose valid pulmonary toxicity risk factors. Patients and Methods All patients who were treated with BEP at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, from 1984 to 2007, were included. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) that measured the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced vital capacity were performed systematically before, during, and after treatment with BEP for 5 years of follow-up. According to local protocol, bleomycin was discontinued if hemoglobin-corrected DLCO (DLCOc) decreased ≥ 25% compared with pretreatment value. Covariates of possible importance were evaluated with a multiple regression analysis for pretreatment PFTs and with a mixed model for follow-up PFTs. Bleomycin was adjusted on the basis of PFT results and was thus omitted as covariate. Results Overall, 565 patients were evaluated with a PFT before or after treatment with BEP. During BEP, 15 patients died of progressive disease or toxicity, including one patient from bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. Post-treatment DLCOc decreased significantly, with a rebound during follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity remained unchanged after BEP but increased significantly to levels above pretreatment during follow-up. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) prognostic group, mediastinal primary, pulmonary metastases, and smoking all significantly influenced baseline PFT results. Pulmonary surgery, pulmonary embolism, IGCCCG poor prognosis, and smoking influenced PFT during follow-up. Mediastinal primary, pulmonary metastases, age, or doses of cisplatin and etoposide had no influence on follow-up PFT, and renal function did not influence PFT. Conclusion After 5 years of follow-up, pulmonary impairment in patients with germ cell cancer who were treated with BEP was limited. Exceptions were patients treated with pulmonary surgery, those who suffered pulmonary embolism, and those in the IGCCCG poor prognostic group.
Dialogue (A)head: Zhang Dali’s construction of public space
Authors: Bakkers Jamila 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The early 1980s mark the beginning of a still ongoing period during which Beijing has undergone radical structural transformations. These transformations are reflected by the work of numerous artists resident in the city. In this article I analyse four stages in the production of a series of graffiti-style interventions into the urban fabric of Beijing by one such artist, Zhang Dali – Dialogue (1995) and Demolition (1998). The use of public space, place and site form the connecting thread of this analysis. The tracing of this thread is intended to bring us closer to a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which such uses are made in artistic contexts. In a narrower sense I scrutinize to what extent Zhang’s site-specific interventions can be understood to make claims on space. I maintain that Zhang makes claims on space both by mimicking the processes of transformation that Beijing has undergone since the early 1980s, and by projecting to a wider audience the effects that these processes have had on him and others as subjects.
Escaping the room. A postsocialist reading of Wang Bing’s Father and Sons
Authors: Boden Jeanne 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Wang Bing explores the contradictions and complexities of China’s post-socialist society today and their consequences for the individual. In Father and Sons 王兵 – 父 与子 (2014) he focuses on a father with his two sons in their migrant condition. The promises of socialist utopia with Mao Zedong as the father of the nation, somehow replacing all fathers in China, no longer exist. In today’s reality traditional family structures have disintegrated, the position of the father is hollowed out, and there is no future for the family in post-socialist China. This article explores Wang Bing’s aesthetic language and choices, his tactics and techniques. His masterly manipulation of time and space, of light and dark, his composition of images with frame-into-frame technique, his use of sound and music, his references to pre-Communist and Maoist times, and his apparent non-interference as a film-maker prove extremely effective in pulling the viewer into the lives of the protagonists, turning viewing the film into an almost live experience.
Organic (un)ground in the time of biopower and hyperobjects: Conceptualizing global posthumanism in the art of Xu Bing and Gu Wenda
Authors: Isto Raino 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article examines the uses of organic matter in the art of Xu Bing and Gu Wenda. It attempts to outline the common concerns that both link these uses to culturally specific identities (Chinese or otherwise) and go beyond them to construct an image of the nonhuman world as a phenomenon that participates in and is effected by the context of globalization. The analysis presented draws upon recent posthumanist theoretical work in animal studies and object-oriented ontology, specifically Cary Wolfe’s writings on animals and biopolitical frameworks and Timothy Morton’s theories of ecology and hyperobjects. Considering works like Xu Bing’s A Case Study of Transference and Gu Wenda’s united nations series from the viewpoint of posthumanist philosophies offers a more nuanced critical picture of how both artists have attempted to engage the boundaries of culture and human biological identity in the era of economic and environmental globality.
All under heaven: An introduction to maps and mapping in contemporary Chinese art
Authors: Pittwood Linda 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Both the noun and the verb ‘map’ appear often in artist statements, catalogue entries and other forms of text that accompany contemporary art. However, articles and survey exhibitions that trace the rise of this theme have not yet in any great detail investigated it within the context of Chinese contemporary art. ‘The map’ forms an urgent lens with which to investigate Chinese works because within this theme can be found some of the most resonant discourses in East Asian modern and contemporary art – in particular, identity, environmentalism, translocalism, Debord’s psychogeography and Pratt’s ‘contact zone’. This article will focus on examining the theme in relation to the key words landscape, environmentalism and identity; identifying the period in which landscape and map-work aligned in Chinese art history; and demonstrating how contemporary Chinese artists have utilized the map and mapping to articulate the layers of their experience as Chinese nationals or artists of the Chinese diaspora.
‘New Man’: Liu Ding in conversation with Edward Sanderson (trans. Carol Yinghua Lu)
Authors: Sanderson Edward 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Liu Ding is an artist living and working in Beijing. Liu’s solo exhibition, titled ‘New Man’, was staged at MOT International gallery in London, United Kingdom from the 10 April to 27 June 2015. The following conversation took place near Liu’s home in Beijing on 12 May 2015. In this conversation Liu describes works included in ‘New Man’, and their significances as a related group of works within the context of the exhibition’s installation. He links aspects of these works to his continuing research (in collaboration with Carol Yinghua Lu) into the introduction and development of Soviet-inflected Socialist Realism in China, the accommodations that artists made with the ideologically driven aesthetic norms related to this, and the aesthetic and ideological legacy of this style for artists in China. At the same time, Liu places the experience and knowledge gained from his research in parallel with his practice as an artist and curator, all of which informs the exhibition ‘New Man’.
Meanings attributed by nursing staff about permanent education in cardiovascular institution
Authors: Koerich Cintia , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini 
Published: February 2016

Objective: to understand the meanings attributed by the nursing staff to permanent educational practices in a reference cardiovascular hospital. Methods: this is a qualitative study, which used the Grounded Theory in Data for collecting and analyzing data. The sample consisted of 22 nursing professionals. Results: the study presents two categories that highlight the need for further clarification of the nursing staff about the concept of permanent education in health, as well as reinforce the permanent education of nurses as a management practice which needs to be incorporated into other assignments in daily work. Conclusion: it is admitted the need to work the concepts of permanent education in health even in professional qualification, as well as place greater emphasis on managerial training of nurses, so they acquire the power to take their assignment as a nursing care manager and the nursing staff education contribute to the necessary changes in the health services.
Growth patterns of patients with Noonan syndrome: correlation with age and genotype
Authors: Cessans Catie , Ehlinger Virginie , Arnaud Catherine , Yart Armelle , Capri Yline , Barat Pascal , Cammas Benoit , Lacombe Didier , Coutant Régis , David Albert , Baron Sabine , Weill Jacques , Leheup Bruno , Nicolino Marc , Salles Jean-Pierre , Verloes Alain , Tauber Maithé , Cavé Hélène , Edouard Thomas 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundGrowth patterns of patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) were established before the involved genes were identified.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare growth parameters according to genotype in patients with NS.Subjects and methodsThe study population included 420 patients (176 females and 244 males) harboring mutations in thePTPN11,SOS1,RAF1, orKRASgenes. NS-associatedPTPN11mutations (NS-PTPN11) and NS with multiple lentigines-associatedPTPN11mutations (NSML-PTPN11) were distinguished. Birth measures and height and body mass index (BMI) measures at 2, 5, 10 years, and adulthood were compared with the general population and between genotypes.ResultsPatients with NS were shorter at birth (mean birth length standard deviation score (SDS): –1.0 ± 1.4;P< 0.001) and throughout childhood than the healthy population, with height SDS being –2.1 ± 1.3 at 2 years, and –2.1 ± 1.2 at 5 and 10 years and adulthood (P< 0.001). At birth, patients withNS-PTPN11were significantly shorter and thinner than patients withNSML-PTPN11,SOS1, orKRAS. Growth retardation was significantly less severe and less frequent at 2 years in patients withNSML-PTPN11andSOS1than in patients withNS-PTPN11(P< 0.001 andP= 0.002 respectively). Patients with NS had lower BMI at 10 years (P< 0.001). No difference between genotypes was demonstrated.ConclusionDetermining the growth patterns of patients with NS according to genotype should better inform clinicians about the natural course of growth in NS so that they can optimize the follow-up and management of these patients.