bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Headache in Patients With Mitochondrial Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kraya Torsten , Deschauer Marcus , Joshi Pushpa Raj , Zierz Stephan , Gaul Charly 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases with different phenotypes and genotypes. Headache and, particularly migraine, seems to occur often in patients with MELAS and in patients with CPEO phenotypes. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐3 beta) has classified headache as a secondary entity only in MELAS patients. Other headache phenotypes in mitochondrial diseases are not considered in ICHD‐3beta. In this study, we analyzed headache phenomenology in a large group of patients with mitochondrial disorders.MethodsA cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study on 85 patients with mitochondrial disease with different genotypes and phenotypes was conducted between 2010 and 2011. A structured headache questionnaire according to ICHD‐2 was used followed by a telephone interview by a headache expert. Prevalence and characteristics of headache could be analyzed in 42 patients. Headache diagnosis was correlated with genotypes and phenotypes. In addition, the mtDNA haplotype H was analyzed.ResultsHeadache was reported in 29/42 (70%; 95% CI, from 55.1 to 83.0%) of the patients. Tension‐type headache (TTH) showed the highest prevalence in 16/42 (38%; 95% CI, from 23.4 to 52.8%) patients, followed by migraine and probable migraine in 12/42 (29%; 95% CI, from 14.9 to 42.2%) patients. Nine of the 42 (21%; 95% CI, from 9 to 33.8%) patients reported two different headache types. Patients with the mtDNA mutation m.3243A > G (n = 8) and MELAS (n = 7) showed the highest prevalence of headaches (88% and 85%, respectively). In patients with the CPEO phenotype (n = 32), headache occurred in 14/18 (78%; 95% CI, from 58.6 to 97%) of patients with single deletions, and in 7/13 (54%; 95% CI, from 26.7 to 80.9%) patients with multiple mtDNA deletions. There were no association between the mtDNA haplotype Hand the headache‐diagnosis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of headache was higher in patients with mitochondrial diseases than reported in the general population. In all phenotype and genotype groups, TTH was more frequent than migraine. The data also show that the current ICHD‐3 beta exclusively focused on MELAS syndrome as vasculopathy does not consider the broader spectrum of headache phenotypes in mitochondrial disorders.
Less Cortical Thickness in Patients With Persistent Post‐Traumatic Headache Compared With Healthy Controls: An MRI Study
Authors: Chong Catherine D. , Berisha Visar , Chiang Chia‐Chun , Ross Katherine , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in cortical thickness in patients with persistent post‐traumatic headache (PPTH) relative to healthy controls and to interrogate whether cortical morphology relates to headache burden (headache frequency, years with post‐traumatic headache, PTH) in patients with PPTH.BackgroundPTHs are one of the most common symptoms following concussion. In some patients, PTHs continue for longer than three months and are classified as PPTH. This study has two main goals: (1) To delineate the neuropathology of PPTH, by interrogating differences in cortical thickness in patients with PPTH relative to healthy controls. (2) To interrogate potential associations between brain morphology and headache burden in patients with PPTH by examining whether cortical thickness relates to frequency of headaches or years lived with PTH.MethodsAdults with PPTH diagnosed according to ICHD 3 beta diagnostic criteria and healthy controls underwent brain MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner. Vertex‐by‐vertex whole brain estimates of cortical thickness were automatically calculated using FreeSurfer v5.3. Differences in cortical thickness in patients with PPTH relative to healthy controls were determined using a general linear model design. Associations were explored between regional clusters where patients with PPTH showed cortical thickness differences compared with healthy controls with headache frequency and years lived with PPTH.ResultsThis study included 33 patients with PPTH and 33 healthy control subjects (healthy controls: median age = 33.0, IQR = 15.5; patients with PPTH: median age = 36.0, IQR = 20.5; P = .56). Patients with PPTH had less cortical thickness relative to healthy controls in the left and right superior frontal, caudal middle frontal, and precentral cortex as well as less cortical thickness in the right supramarginal, right superior and inferior parietal, and right precuneus region (P < .05, Monte Carlo corrected for multiple comparisons). There were no regions where patients with PPTH had more cortical thickness relative to healthy controls. A correlation analysis of regions that showed less cortical thickness in patients with PPTH demonstrated a negative correlation between left and right superior frontal thickness with headache frequency (P < .05). There was no association between regional cortical thickness and years lived with PPTH.ConclusionCompared with healthy controls, patients with PPTH had less cortical thickness in bilateral frontal regions and right hemisphere parietal regions. For patients with PPTH, more frequent headaches were related to less thickness in the left and right superior frontal regions, potentially indicating that brain morphology changes in the superior frontal regions in patients with PPTH are modified by headache frequency.
Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of sulphated polysaccharides from purple glutinous rice bran (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Surin Siriluck , Surayot Utoomporn , Seesuriyachan Phisit , You SangGuan , Phimolsiripol Yuthana 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis research aimed to extract polysaccharides and improve the property of sulphate‐modified purple glutinous rice bran, cv. Kum Doi Saket. The effects of temperature, ratio of sulphur trioxide–trimethylamine (STMA) to sample and reaction times were studied. The results showed that the degree of substitution (DS) of sulphated polysaccharides was 0.01–0.53. Low molecular weight sulphated polysaccharides were obtained, and the functional groups of the sulphated polysaccharides were confirmed using FT‐IR. No enhancement of the antioxidant activity of the sulphated polysaccharides was observed. Interestingly, immunomodulatory activity, including inducing cytokine production (iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10) via up‐regulated mRNA expression, was significantly increased by 10–86% when compared to the crude polysaccharides.
12. On a remarkable Acanthocephala from a Fowl in India
Authors: Bhalerao G. D. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA new Acanthocephala, Leipercanthus gallinarum, gen. et sp. n., obtained from the intestine of a fowl in Muktesar (India), has been described. The worm is characterized by the possession of two pairs of sacs, named paraproboscideal sacs, situated at the base of proboscis. These peculiar structures have not been so far observed in any Acanthocephala and are altogether new organs in the organization of this group. The worm has been referred to a new family—Leiperacanthidæ.
CO2‐driven synthesis of monodisperse barium titanate microspheres
Authors: Liu Nianqi , Zhao Wei , Rong Jiacheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMonodisperse BaTiO3 microspheres were synthesized using Ba(OH)2, a homemade amorphous TiO2 precursor, and dissolved CO2 as the raw materials. To dissolve sufficient CO2 in the mixing solution, the reaction process was carried out in air. Then, a BaCO3 layer, as a fixed barium source, was coated on the surface of the TiO2 precursor template through a hydrothermal process at 90°C. Furthermore, the BaCO3 reacted with the TiO2 precursor to form pure BaTiO3 through in situ conversion during subsequent heat treatment at 800°C. Compared to the commonly used acid soaking method for the removal of BaCO3 after hydrothermal treatment, the method combining in‐air mixing with a low hydrothermal temperature and heat treatment yielded BaTiO3 microspheres with a more monodisperse homogenous morphology, which have a greater potential in various applications.
A late Pleistocene marine glacial refugium in the south‐west of Hainan Island, China: Phylogeographical insights from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Kantachumpoo Attachai , Liu Ruo‐Yu , Sun Zhong‐Min , Yao Jian‐Ting , Komatsu Teruhisa , Uwai Shinya , Duan De‐Lin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimHainan Island, southern China, is characterized by rich diversity and endemism of marine organisms, yet the underpinning mechanisms and processes contributing to speciation and diversification are poorly understood. Here, the brown alga Sargassum polycystum is used as a model to identify putative marine glacial refugia and explore biogeographical patterns driven by climate change in the late Pleistocene ice ages.LocationSouth‐East Asia.MethodsMitochondrial cox1 and cox3 and nuclear internal transcribed spacer‐2 (ITS2) were obtained from 310, 325 and 313 individuals of S. polycystum (23 localities), respectively. Phylogenetic trees (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and haplotype/ribotype networks were constructed to elucidate phylogeographical patterns. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), neutrality tests (Tajima's D and Fu & Li's D*), current (θπ) and historical (θw) genetic diversities and extended Bayesian skyline plots (EBSP) were used to estimate historical demography.ResultsThe populations from the south‐west of Hainan Island harboured much higher genetic diversity and unique endemism in comparison with other populations in the distribution range. Sargassum polycystum experienced relatively long‐term stable population size followed by a continued period of demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur phylogeographical evidence revealed the existence of a previously unidentified marine refugium specific to S. polycystum in the south‐west of Hainan Island, China (the Central Depression of the Yinggehai Basin), along with a possible secondary refugium around the Bali Island, Indonesia. These biogeographical findings provide important insights regarding speciation, adaptation and evolution of marine organisms in South‐East Asia and the conservation of unique biodiversity under climate change.
Influence of larval experience on preference of a subterranean insectDelia antiquaonAlliumhosts
Authors: Ning S. Y. , Yang H. Y. , Fan D. S. , Feng J. N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that larval experience can affect subsequent host plants selection and future oviposition decisions of many different species, but the investigation of pre‐imaginal experiences on host preference of adults has rarely been tested for soil‐dwelling insects. In this study, we present evidence that larval feeding experience can affect adult host preference in the onion maggot,Delia antiqua. By rearingD. antiquaon different host plants, we were able to examine the role of the natal host of different generations and the effect of larval density on host‐choice behaviour. We also performed bioassays by means of switched host treatment to evaluate the host‐selection principle. Choice bioassays among the three host species demonstrated thatD. antiquafemales preferred to oviposit on their natal host in each generation and host‐switching treatments. Additionally, increasing larval density could intensify this ovipositional preference on the natal host. The overall results showed that host preference of femaleD. antiquais determined by larval experience and density. These findings also add support for the controversial Hopkins’ host‐selection principle.
New insights into the mechanisms of phytochrome–cryptochrome coaction
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Qing , Wang Xu , Zuo Zecheng , Oka Yoshito , Lin Chentao 
Published: November 2017

Contents

Summary
547

I.
Introduction
547

II.
Phytochromes mediate light‐induced transcription of BICs to inactivate cryptochromes
548

III.
PPKs phosphorylate light‐signaling proteins and histones to affect plant development
548

IV.
Prospect
550

Acknowledgements
550

References
550

SummaryPlants perceive and respond to light signals by multiple sensory photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes, which absorb different wavelengths of light to regulate genome expression and plant development. Photophysiological analyses have long revealed the coordinated actions of different photoreceptors, a phenomenon referred to as the photoreceptor coaction. The mechanistic explanations of photoreceptor coactions are not fully understood. The function of direct protein–protein interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes and common signaling molecules of these photoreceptors, such as SPA1/COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and bHLH transcription factors PIFs, would partially explain phytochrome–cryptochrome coactions. In addition, newly discovered proteins that block cryptochrome photodimerization or catalyze cryptochrome phosphorylation may also participate in the phytochrome and cryptochrome coaction. This Tansley insight, which is not intended to make a comprehensive review of the studies of photoreceptor coactions, attempts to highlight those recent findings and their possible roles in the photoreceptor coaction.
Underrecognized entity of the transient rise in the atrial capture threshold early after dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation
Authors: Uehara Yoshiko , Yoshida Kentaro , Kimata Akira , Ogawa Kojiro , Abe Daisuke , Tsumagari Yasuaki , Tsuneoka Hidekazu , Yui Yoshiaki , Ito Yoko , Ebine Mari , Takeyasu Noriyuki , Aonuma Kazutaka , Nogami Akihiko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundSteroid‐eluting pacemaker leads suppress acute rises in pacing threshold by preventing inflammatory processes. However, we occasionally encounter not persistent but transient rise in the atrial capture threshold (TRACT) early after pacemaker implantation. We believe that this phenomenon is underrecognized in clinical practice and may potentially lead to unnecessary reintervention. We aimed to clarify the prevalence, predictors, and possible mechanisms of TRACT.Methods and resultsWe reviewed clinical records from 239 consecutive patients who underwent dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (N = 102) or atrioventricular block (AVB) (N = 137). Atrial capture threshold was measured at implantation and 7 days, 2 months, and 8 months postimplantation. TRACT was defined as a rise in the threshold at day 7 to ≥twice that at implantation, with an absolute value ≥1.0 V/0.4 ms, and full recovery by 8 months into follow‐up. TRACT was observed in 15 patients (6%), of whom13 (87%) suffered from SSS but not AVB. Patients with TRACT had greater body mass index (BMI) (25 ± 5 kg/m2 vs 23 ± 4 kg/m2, P = 0.01), larger left atrium (42 ± 5 mm vs 38 ± 7 mm, P = 0.03), and were more likely to suffer from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (60% vs 31%, P = 0.02) than those without TRACT. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, BMI and SSS were the independent predictors of TRACT (odds ratio [OR], 1.172; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019–1.349; P = 0.03 and OR, 11.53; 95% CI, 2.010–66.21; P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionsThe distinct phenomenon of TRACT was not rare in clinical practice early after dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation, and its occurrence was strongly associated with SSS.
Involvement of LeMRP, an ATP‐binding cassette transporter, in shikonin transport and biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Authors: Zhu Y. , Chu S.‐J. , Luo Y.‐L. , Fu J.‐Y. , Tang C.‐Y. , Lu G.‐H. , Pang Y.‐J. , Wang X.‐M. , Yang R.‐W. , Qi J.‐L. , Yang Y.‐H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Shikonin and its derivatives are important medicinal secondary metabolites accumulating in roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Although some membrane proteins have been identified as transporters of secondary metabolites, the mechanisms underlying shikonin transport and accumulation in L. erythrorhizon cells still remain largely unknown.

In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding LeMRP, an ATP‐binding cassette transporter from L. erythrorhizon, and further investigated its functions in the transport and biosynthesis of shikonin using the yeast transformation and transgenic hairy root methods, respectively. Real‐time PCR was applied for expression analyses of LeMRP and shikonin biosynthetic enzyme genes.

Functional analysis of LeMRP using the heterologous yeast cell expression system showed that LeMRP could be involved in shikonin transport. Transgenic hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon demonstrated that LeMRP overexpressing hairy roots produced more shikonin than the empty vector (EV) control. Real‐time PCR results revealed that the enhanced shikonin biosynthesis in the overexpression lines was mainly caused by highly up‐regulated expression of genes coding key enzymes (LePAL, HMGR, Le4CL and LePGT) involved in shikonin biosynthesis. Conversely, LeMRP RNAi decreased the accumulation of shikonin and effectively down‐regulated expression level of the above genes. Typical inhibitors of ABC proteins, such as azide and buthionine sulphoximine, dramatically inhibited accumulation of shikonin in hairy roots.

Our findings provide evidence for the important direct or indirect role of LeMRP in transmembrane transport and biosynthesis of shikonin.
Breaking Waves and Spectral Analysis of the Two‐Dimensional KdV–Bogoyavlenskii Equation
Authors: Villarroel Javier , Montero Miquel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study here the initial value problem for a two‐dimensional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, first derived by Calogero and Bogoyavlenskii, by means of the inverse scattering transform. The dynamics of the discrete spectrum of an associated Schrödinger operator is far richer than that of KdV equation. Even for optimal eigenvalues, generic smooth solutions may develop shocks with multiple branches and/or cusp singularities in finite time. However, evolution may move poles of the transmission coefficient off the imaginary axis, destroy or even create them. We characterize conditions to prevent these pathologies before explosion time and describe ample classes of solutions, corresponding to both continuous and discrete spectrum. We also find that in certain conditions new eigenvalues might be created; in these cases a minimal set of initial spectral data must incorporate additionally the transmission coefficient on the entire plane. The previous results are applied to describe the Cauchy problem corresponding to initial data combinations of delta terms and derivatives and show that for long time the delta singularity may persist or be smoothed to a cusp‐discontinuity. Finally, we give conditions under which the evolution is reduced to the classical KdV.
Effectiveness of an oral health educational intervention for individuals with special health care needs from a southern Brazilian city
Authors: Hartwig Andreia Drawanz , Stüermer Vanessa Müller , da Silva‐Júnior Ivam Freire , Schardosim Lisandrea Rocha , Azevedo Marina Sousa 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the effects of an oral health education strategy targeted at students with disabilities.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study included students aged 7 to 24 years. The intervention was conducted for 5 weeks and divided into 2 phases: (1) comprising supervised toothbrushing and educational activities to students; (2) verbal oral health instructions and oral hygiene demonstration targeted at the caregivers. A clinical examination was conducted to evaluate the dental debris and gingival bleeding before the intervention, and the Wilcoxon test was performed after phase 1 and 2 for comparisons between paired samples.ResultsA significant decrease in dental debris and gingival indices compared with baseline occurred after phase 1 (p < 0.05). After the meeting with caregivers (phase 2), there was significant decrease in the debris‐index (p < 0.05).ConclusionsProviding a simple and short‐term educational intervention to students with disabilities had a positive impact on their oral health.
A Comparison of the Nutrient Intakes of Macronutrient-Based Dieting and Strict Dieting Bodybuilders
Authors: Ismaeel Ahmed , Weems Suzy , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of competitive bodybuilders and compare the nutrient intakes of macronutrient-based dieting and strict dieting individuals. Data from 41 subjects (30 males and 11 females) were used in analyses. Participants completed a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire, and diets were analyzed using a computer system. Males consumed an average of 2,577.2 kcal (SD = 955.1), with an average fat intake of 83.6 g (SD = 41.3), an average carbohydrate intake of 323.3 g (SD = 105.2), and an average protein intake of 163.4 g (SD = 70.4). There were no significant differences between male macronutrient-based dieting and strict dieting bodybuilders when mean intakes were compared for all nutrients, including the macronutrients, selected vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber, added sugars, and saturated fat. Females in this study consumed an average of 1,794 kcal (SD = 453.1), with an average fat intake of 58.3 g (SD = 23.1), a mean carbohydrate intake of 217.8 g (SD = 85.9), and an average protein intake of 103.8 g (SD = 35.7). For females, macronutrient-based dieters consumed significantly greater amounts of several nutrients, including protein, vitamin E, vitamin K, and vitamin C. Over half of individuals from all groups consumed less than the recommended amounts of several of the micronutrients. Based on this information, it is recommended that competitive bodybuilders should be advised to take their micronutrition into greater consideration.
Validity of a Smartphone Application for Measuring Ankle Plantar Flexion
Authors: Cox Robert W. , Martinez Rodrigo E. , Baker Russell T. , Warren Lindsay 
Published: November 2017

Context: Range of motion is a component of a physical examination used in the diagnostic and rehabilitative processes. Following ankle injury and/or during research, it is common to measure plantar flexion with a universal goniometer. The ease and availability of digital inclinometers created as applications for smartphones have led to an increase in using this method of range of motion assessment. Smartphone applications have been validated as alternatives to inclinometer measurements in the knee; however, this application has not been validated for plantar flexion in the ankle. Objectives: The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the validity of the Clinometer Smartphone Application™ produced by Plaincode App Development for use in the ankle (ie, plantar flexion) and (2) to assess the validity of the inclinometer procedures used to measure ankle dorsiflexion for measuring ankle plantar flexion. Design: Blinded repeated measures correlational design. Setting: University-based outpatient rehabilitative clinic. Participants: A convenience sample (N = 50) of participants (27 females and 23 males) who reported to the clinic (mean age = 30.48 y). Intervention: Patients were long seated on a plinth, with the knee in terminal extension. Three plantar flexion measurements were taken with a goniometer on each foot by the primary researcher. The primary researcher then conducted 3 blinded measurements with The Clinometer Smartphone Application™ following the same procedure. A second researcher, who was blinded to the goniometer measurements, recorded the inclinometer measurements. After data were collected, a Pearson’s correlation was calculated to determine the validity of the clinometer app compared with goniometry. Main Outcome Measure: Degrees of motion for ankle plantar flexion. Results: Measurements produced using the Clinometer Smartphone Application™ were highly correlated for right foot (r = .92, P < .001), left foot (r = .92, P < .001), and combined (r = .92, P < .001) with goniometer measurements using a plastic universal goniometer. Conclusion: The Clinometer Smartphone Application™ is a valid instrument for measuring plantar flexion of the ankle.