bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carfilzomib induces leukaemia cell apoptosis via inhibitingELK1/KIAA1524 (Elk‐1/CIP2A) and activatingPP2A not related to proteasome inhibition
Authors: Liu Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Feng‐Shu , Chu Pei‐Yi , Tsai Wen‐Chun , Huang Chun‐Teng , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Ko Po‐Shen , Hung Man‐Hsin , Wang Wan‐Lun , Shiau Chung‐Wai , Chen Kuen‐Feng 
Published: March 2017

SummaryEnhancing the tumour suppressive activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been suggested to be an anti‐leukaemic strategy.KIAA1524 (also termedCIP2A), an oncoprotein inhibitingPP2A, is associated with disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia and may be prognostic in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia. Here we demonstrated that the selective proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, induced apoptosis in sensitive primary leukaemia cells and in sensitive leukaemia cell lines, associated withKIAA1524 protein downregulation, increasedPP2A activity and decreased p‐Akt, but not with the proteasome inhibition effect of carfilzomib. Ectopic expression ofKIAA1524, or pretreatment with thePP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, suppressed carfilzomib‐induced apoptosis andKIAA1524 downregulation in sensitive cells, whereas co‐treatment with thePP2A agonist, forskolin, enhanced carfilzomib‐induced apoptosis in resistant cells. Mechanistically, carfilzomib affectedKIAA1524transcription through disturbingELK1 (Elk‐1) binding to theKIAA1524promoter. Moreover, the drug sensitivity and mechanism of carfilzomib in xenograft mouse models correlated well with the effects of carfilzomib onKIAA1524 and p‐Akt expression, as well asPP2A activity. Our data disclosed a novel drug mechanism of carfilzomib in leukaemia cells and suggests the potential therapeutic implication ofKIAA1524 in leukaemia treatment.
Pathogenesis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Arachchillage Deepa R.J. , Laffan Mike 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAntiphospholipid antibodies are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that have clear associations with thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity, and which together constitute the ‘antiphospholipid syndrome’ (APS). However, the pathophysiology of these complications is not well understood and their heterogeneity suggests that more than one pathogenic process may be involved. Diagnosis remains a combination of laboratory analysis and clinical observation but there have been significant advances in identifying specific pathogenic features, such as domain I‐specific anti‐β2‐glycoprotein‐I antibodies. This in turn has pointed to endothelial and complement activation as important factors in the pathogenesis of APS. Consequently, although anticoagulation remains the standard treatment for thrombotic APS and during pregnancy, the realisation that these additional pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of APS has significant implications for treatment: agents acting outside the coagulation system, such as hydroxychloroquine for pregnancy complications and sirolimus as an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, are now under evaluation and represent a radical change in thinking for haematologists. Conventional anticoagulation is also under challenge from new, direct acting anticoagulants. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving understanding of APS pathogenesis and how this and novel therapeutics will alter diagnosis and management.
Middle Pleistocene ice‐marginal sedimentation in the transitional zone between the constrained and unconstrained ice‐sheet margin, East Anglia, England
Authors: Leszczynska Karolina , Boreham Steve , Gibbard Philip L. 
Published: March 2017

It is uncommon in the North Sea basin and northwestern Europe for the ice‐marginal glacial successions of the Middle Pleistocene, Anglian (Elsterian) age to be well preserved and not overridden by subsequent glaciations. The existence of extensive and thick (˜20 m) Middle Pleistocene sand and gravel successions in East Anglia, England, provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct and understand the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Anglian ice‐marginal zone, and further across the North Sea basin. This paper uses data from 80 sections in two sand and gravel quarries in East Anglia to provide the first evidence concerning: (i) the character of the ice‐marginal processes in the unique, transitional zone between the topographically constrained and unconstrained Anglian ice‐sheet margin; (ii) the role of meltwater in the re‐shaping of topographically driven preglacial drainage; and (iii) the position and the number of oscillations of the Anglian ice‐sheet margin in the form of a sediment‐landform assemblage. Moreover the current research adds to the discussion on the presence and extent of the proglacial lake in the North Sea Basin during the Anglian glaciation. The sand and gravel successions in the Anglian ice‐marginal zone are primarily reworked proto‐Thames sediments deposited by meltwater. At the beginning of the glaciation, the meltwater followed the preglacial (proto‐Thames) river course. However, as the ice sheet advanced, it was re‐routed, overwhelming and abandoning the old river course and depositing an extensive ice‐marginal subaqueous fan. The succession includes evidence for at least two enhanced meltwater release events, as well as indications of glaciolacustrine sedimentation. The character of the described sedimentary settings is discussed in the wider context of the presence of the North Sea Lake.
Reflecting on what ‘you said’ as a way of reintroducing difficult topics in child mental health assessments
Authors: Kiyimba Nikki , O'Reilly Michelle 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIn child and adolescent mental health assessments, questions are integral to the process. There has been limited research focused on the assessment process, or on how questions are constructed within this clinical environment.MethodsWe examined 28 naturally occurring initial assessments, with particular attention to how practitioners used questions in their communication with children and young people. We utilised conversation analysis to examine the data.ResultsAnalysis revealed a particular type of question preface used to reintroduce a prior topic. This was achieved through the use of ‘you said x’ as a foundation for asking a follow‐up question and demonstrated active listening.ConclusionsArguably, this approach is a useful way of gathering assessment‐relevant information in a child‐centred way.
Agreement and discrepancy between children, parents, and social workers on school‐based effort avoidance in child welfare services
Authors: Weber Hanna Maria , Petermann Franz , Rücker Stefan , Büttner Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA multiperspective approach is beneficial for obtaining reliable and multifaceted pictures of child behaviour problems. The goal of the present study is to examine interrater agreement on school‐based effort avoidance between children receiving child welfare services, parents, and social workers. Given previous findings, interrater agreement is expected to be low. Self‐reported data on school‐based effort avoidance were gathered for children and adolescents in child welfare services. Additionally, social workers (using the Teacher‐Report Checklist for social and learning behaviour) and parents (using the parallel version of the self‐rating questionnaire on school‐based effort avoidance) were asked to complete an external assessment tool to compare children's perspectives with the ratings of significant adults. The results confirmed significant discrepancies between parents' and children's ratings on effort avoidance tendencies. Furthermore, there were only small to moderate correlations between children's self‐ratings and the adults' assessments; however, the consensus between adults was higher than the interrater agreement between children and social workers. Discrepancies in ratings from multiple informants underline the importance of integrating multiple perspectives, especially children's perspectives, in the diagnostic process in order to plan and adapt appropriate care and treatment.
Markers of dietary protein intake are associated with successful weight loss in the POUNDS Lost trial
Authors: Bray G. A. , Ryan D. H. , Johnson W. , Champagne C. M. , Johnson C. M. , Rood J. , Williamson D. A. , Sacks F. M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryTo assess the association of markers for dietary protein intake, measures of dietary adherence and demographic variables with weight loss in the POUNDS Lost study over the first 6 months and again between 6 and 24 months using data from those who completed each period. This is a secondary analysis of pooled data on completers assigned to one of four diets: 65%C/15%P/20%F (AP/LF), 55%C/25%P/20%F (HP/LF), 45%C/15%P/40%F (AP/HF) or 35%C/25%P40%F (HP/HF) in the POUNDS Lost study. Urinary nitrogen excretion, dietary adherence measured by 24‐h recall and attendance at sessions, age (above and below 50 years), gender, race/ethnicity and activity by pedometry were analysed. Increased spread between protein intake at baseline and protein at 6 or 24 months, assessed by urinary nitrogen excretion, was associated with greater weight loss from baseline to 2 years. At 6 and 24 months, older age, male gender, body mass index > 30 kg m−2 and adherence to the fat and protein diets were associated with more weight loss. None of these variables was associated with a regain from 6 to 24 months. Weight regain for women in the highest carbohydrate (65%) group was significantly greater (−4.4 kg [95% CI: −5.9, −3.0]) than for women in the lowest carbohydrate group (−1.8 kg [95% CI: −3.2, −0.4 kg]) (P for interaction = 0.012). An increased spread in the difference between baseline and follow‐up protein intake was associated with greater weight loss, consistent with the ‘protein spread theory’. Women eating the highest carbohydrate diet regained more weight from 6 to 24 months.
Cultural Differences in Visual Search for Geometric Figures
Authors: Ueda Yoshiyuki , Chen Lei , Kopecky Jonathon , Cramer Emily S. , Rensink Ronald A. , Meyer David E. , Kitayama Shinobu , Saiki Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile some studies suggest cultural differences in visual processing, others do not, possibly because the complexity of their tasks draws upon high‐level factors that could obscure such effects. To control for this, we examined cultural differences in visual search for geometric figures, a relatively simple task for which the underlying mechanisms are reasonably well known. We replicated earlier results showing that North Americans had a reliable search asymmetry for line length: Search for long among short lines was faster than vice versa. In contrast, Japanese participants showed no asymmetry. This difference did not appear to be affected by stimulus density. Other kinds of stimuli resulted in other patterns of asymmetry differences, suggesting that these are not due to factors such as analytic/holistic processing but are based instead on the target‐detection process. In particular, our results indicate that at least some cultural differences reflect different ways of processing early‐level features, possibly in response to environmental factors.
Development of a human cadaver model for training in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Sutton Erica R. H. , Billeter Adrian , Druen Devin , Roberts Henry , Rice Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe organ procurement network recommends a surgeon record 15 cases as surgeon or assistant for laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDN) prior to independent practice. The literature suggests that the learning curve for improved perioperative and patient outcomes is closer to 35 cases. In this article, we describe our development of a model utilizing fresh tissue and objective, quantifiable endpoints to document surgical progress, and efficiency in each of the major steps involved in LDN.Materials and MethodsPhase I of model development focused on the modifications necessary to maintain visualization for laparoscopic surgery in a human cadaver. Phase II tested proposed learner‐based metrics of procedural competency for multiport LDN by timing procedural steps of LDN in a novice learner.ResultsPhases I and II required 12 and nine cadavers, with a total of 35 kidneys utilized. The following metrics improved with trial number for multiport LDN: time taken for dissection of the gonadal vein, ureter, renal hilum, adrenal and lumbrical veins, simulated warm ischemic time (WIT), and operative time.ConclusionHuman cadavers can be used for training in LDN as evidenced by improvements in timed learner‐based metrics. This simulation‐based model fills a gap in available training options for surgeons.
Efficacy and safety of edoxaban for treatment of portal vein thrombosis following danaparoid sodium in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Nagaoki Yuko , Aikata Hiroshi , Daijyo Kana , Teraoka Yuji , Shinohara Fumi , Nakamura Yuki , Hatooka Masahiro , Morio Kei , Nakahara Takashi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Ochi Hidenori , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: March 2017

AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of edoxaban and warfarin for treatment of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) following danaparoid sodium in patients with liver cirrhosis.MethodsFifty cirrhotic patients with PVT treated initially for 2 weeks with danaparoid sodium were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Treatment was later switched to either edoxaban (n = 20) or warfarin (n = 30). We compared the efficacy and safety of edoxaban and warfarin for up to 6 months. The PVT volume was measured by dynamic computed tomography before treatment, at 2 weeks, and at 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics of patients in the two groups. Treatment with edoxaban reduced the volume of PVT from 1.42 cm3 at 2 weeks to 0.42 cm3 at 6 months, and prevented exacerbation of PVT at 6 months after treatment with danaparoid sodium (P = 0.016). In contrast, treatment with warfarin resulted in increased PVT volume from 1.73 cm3 at 2 weeks to 2.85 cm3 at 6 months, despite the control of the international normalized ratio in 57% of the patients (P = 0.005). Multivariate regression analysis identified edoxaban therapy as the single significant and independent determinant of PVT reduction at 6 months (P = 0.0014, hazard ratio 6.400). Clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding was encountered in 3 of 20 (15%) patients of the edoxaban group and 2 of 30 (7%) of the warfarin group (P = 0.335).ConclusionEdoxaban following danaparoid sodium is an effective anticoagulant and could be potentially considered as one of the treatment options for PVT in cirrhotic patients.
Clinicopathological analysis of primary central nervous system NK/T cell lymphoma: rare and localized aggressive tumour among extranasal NK/T cell tumours
Authors: Miyata‐Takata Tomoko , Takata Katsuyoshi , Kato Seiichi , Hu Lei‐Ming , Noujima‐Harada Mai , Chuang Shih‐Sung , Sato Yasuharu , Maeda Yoshinobu , Yoshino Tadashi 
Published: March 2017

AimsThe central nervous system (CNS) is a rare primary site of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Although direct invasion of nasal natural killer (NK)/T cell tumours into CNS is reported occasionally, primary CNS NK/T cell lymphoma is extremely rare, and the clinicopathological features of primary CNS NK/T cell lymphoma remain largely unknown.Methods and resultsWe identified four cases from our consultation files and analysed the clinicopathological features. Three were immunocompetent and one was immunosuppressed. There were three males and one female and their ages ranged from 21 to 77 years (median: 46 years). Radiotherapy was rendered for all patients, and methotrexate was administered to two patients. The overall survival was 4–29 months (median, 19 months) for the three immunocompetent patients. Neoplastic cells exhibited medium to large atypical nuclei. Angiocentric growth and necrosis were observed. The immunophenotype was typical of NK cell tumours: CD3ε, 100%; CD56, 67%; CD5, 50%; cytotoxic molecules, 100%; Epstein–Barr virus encoded small RNA (EBER), 100% and T cell receptor (TCR)‐β or γ, 0%. No TCR–gene rearrangements were detected. Reviewing 10 additional cases from the literature and comparing with extranasal NK/T cell lymphoma of the more frequent origins (skin or gastrointestinal tract), primary CNS NK/T cell lymphoma was diagnosed at an earlier stage without B symptoms but exhibited aggressive clinical behaviours.ConclusionsAlthough extremely rare, primary CNS NK/T cell lymphoma does occur and should always be included in the differential diagnosis and we should apply relevant markers routinely in conjunction with exploring the patient background. The accumulation of cases is indispensable to establish an effective treatment strategy for this rare and aggressive malignancy.
Attending and avoiding dental appointments: Do “bright” and “dark” motivational paths have a role?
Authors: Münster Halvari AE , Halvari H , Deci EL 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test a self‐determination theory (SDT) process model of the “bright” and the “dark” motivational pathways through dental attendance or avoidance to oral health.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 322 students from all study disciplines at the University of Oslo. Participants responded to a survey with validated questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to test the SDT model, and a bootstrapping procedure was used to test the indirect links in the model.ResultsAlong the “bright” path: Autonomy support at the dental clinic was positively associated with need satisfaction in treatment, which was positively associated with autonomous motivation for dental treatment and reappraisal of dental anxiety. Further, autonomous motivation was positively related to dental attendance, which in turn predicted oral health. Also, both autonomous motivation and reappraisal of anxiety were negatively related to avoiding dental appointments. Along the “dark” path: Conditional regard at the dental clinic positively predicted need frustration in treatment, which positively predicted dental anxiety. In turn, dental anxiety positively predicted avoiding appointments, along with the negative predictions by autonomy and anxiety reappraisal. Finally, oral health was negatively predicted by avoiding appointments. A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. A SEM fit the data very well.ConclusionsBecause of the high level of explained variances for dental attendance (42%) and avoiding dental appointments (52%), promoting autonomy support and avoiding conditional regard at the dental clinic may be important for patients' oral health.
Collaborative apparel consumption in the digital sharing economy: An agenda for academic inquiry
Authors: Park Hyejune , Armstrong Cosette Marie Joyner 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile apparel businesses leveraging the sharing economy have begun to emerge in recent years, academic research on “sharing” consumption for apparel is extremely limited. To fill this research gap, the researchers analyze current literature to present a conceptual framework that offers a durable theoretical foundation about the concept of collaborative consumption for apparel. Using a metatheory approach, the researchers develop a framework that explores how two major Internet‐supported collaborative consumption modes (utility‐based nonownership and redistributed ownership) manifest in an apparel context. Next, the researchers explore the implications of each consumption mode to understand the consumer's relationship with the product, peers, and businesses involved in these sharing schemes. A series of research propositions are also developed to stimulate discussion and future research about collaborative apparel consumption.
Thoughts, attitudes and profile of Brazilian consumers regarding food irradiation
Authors: Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Lima Rondinelli Moulin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the neophobia, knowledge, thoughts, and opinions related to food irradiation among consumers living in a small city in Brazil through the application of a behavioral and sociodemographic questionnaire. It was found that the 271 respondents had little knowledge about the process of food irradiation and had low intent to purchase irradiated food; several consumers associated irradiated food with radioactivity and cancer. Individuals with better knowledge about irradiation and those who are young, single, did not live with children, and had higher levels of education and higher monthly family incomes were more likely to buy irradiated foods than others. These results describe the profile of potential consumers of irradiated foods and the knowledge, thoughts and opinions of the residents of a small city relative to food irradiation. This data could assist industries that irradiate foods to adopt strategies that ensure greater acceptance of their products.
Interleukin‐18 activates Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells from HIV‐positive individuals: recovering the response to phosphoantigen
Authors: Murday Alanna S. , Chaudhry Suchita , Pauza C. David 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe study aimed to identify an immunoregulatory factor that restores the phosphoantigen response of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells from HIV‐positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy. It was designed to characterize the effects of interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) on proliferation and effector function in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from HIV‐negative individuals and test whether exogenous IL‐18 reconstitutes the Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell response to phosphoantigen from HIV‐positive donors. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from HIV‐negative individuals responded strongly to phosphoantigen or aminobisphosphonate stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas cells with similar T‐cell receptor profiles from HIV‐positive individuals only responded to aminobisphosphonate. Interleukin‐18 was higher after aminobisphosphonate stimulation due to activation of the inflammasome pathway. Both IL‐18 and IL‐18 receptor levels were measured and the activity of exogenous IL‐18 on HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive PBMC was evaluated in terms of Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell proliferation, memory subsets, cytokine expression and CD107a expression. Interleukin‐18 stimulation increased proliferation, enhanced the accumulation of effector memory cells, and increased expression of cytotoxic markers in HIV‐negative controls. When Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from HIV‐positive individuals were stimulated with isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the presence of IL‐18, there was increased proliferation, accumulation of memory cells, and higher expression of CD56, NKG2D and CD107a (markers of cytotoxic effector phenotype). Interleukin‐18 stimulation specifically expanded the Vγ9‐JγP+ subset of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, as was expected for normal responses to phosphoantigen. Interleukin‐18 is a potent stimulator of Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell proliferation and effector function. Therapies directed at reconstituting Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell activity in HIV‐positive individuals should include stimulators of IL‐18 or direct cytokine supplementation.