bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piceatannol exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects on macrophages interacting with adipocytes
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Li Yongjia , Hanafusa Yuki , Yeh Yu‐Sheng , Maruki‐Uchida Hiroko , Kawakami Shinpei , Sai Masahiko , Goto Tsuyoshi , Ito Tatsuhiko , Kawada Teruo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPiceatannol (PIC), a natural analog of resveratrol (RES), is a phytochemical found in passion fruit seeds. To clarify the effects of PIC on obesity‐induced inflammation in adipose tissue, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory activity of PIC‐related compounds (PIC, RES, and metabolites from PIC) in culture models of obese adipose tissue. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and conditioned medium from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (3T3‐L1‐CM) enhanced proinflammatory gene expression and synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Although each compound inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), TNF‐α, and IL‐6, PIC potently inhibited them, and 30 μmol/L PIC suppressed the LPS‐ and 3T3‐L1‐CM‐induced mRNA expression of iNOS (70.4% and 69.2% suppression, respectively), TNF‐α (42.6% and 47.0% suppression), and IL‐6 (27.3% and 42.1% suppression). PIC also significantly suppressed production of NO (80.3% suppression) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α; 33.7% suppression, IL‐6; 66.5% suppression). Furthermore, PIC was found to rescue the uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression induced by isoproterenol in 10T1/2 adipocytes, which was suppressed by LPS‐activated macrophages. These results suggest that PIC may attenuate the pathologic inflammation triggered by adipose tissues.
A comprehensive tractography study of patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Sprooten Emma , Barrett Jennifer , McKay D Reese , Knowles Emma E , Mathias Samuel R , Winkler Anderson M , Brumbaugh Margaret S , Landau Stefanie , Cyr Lindsay , Kochunov Peter , Glahn David C 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging studies show reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings. However, the use of various analysis methods is an important source of between‐study heterogeneity. Using tract‐based spatial statistics, we previously demonstrated widespread FA reductions in patients and unaffected relatives. To better interpret the neuroanatomical pattern of this previous finding and to assess the influence of methodological heterogeneity, we here applied tractography to the same sample.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted images were acquired for 96 patients, 69 unaffected siblings and 56 controls. We applied TRACULA, an extension of a global probabilistic tractography algorithm, to automatically segment 18 major fiber tracts. Average FA within each tract and at each cross‐section along each tract was compared between groups.ResultsPatients had reduced FA compared to healthy controls and their unaffected siblings in general, and in particular in the parietal part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. In unaffected siblings, FA was nominally reduced compared to controls in the corpus callosum. Point‐wise analyses indicated that similar effects were present along extended sections, but with variable effect sizes. Current symptom severity negatively correlated with FA in several fronto‐limbic association tracts.ConclusionsThe differential sensitivity of analysis techniques likely explains between‐study heterogeneity in anatomical localization of FA reductions. The present tractography analysis confirms the presence of overall FA reductions in patients with bipolar disorder, which are most pronounced in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Unaffected siblings may display similar, albeit more subtle and anatomically restricted FA reductions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3474–3485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of Lean Manufacturing in Hospitals—the Need to Consider Maturity, Complexity, and the Value Concept
Authors: Hasle Peter , Nielsen Anders P. , Edwards Kasper 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLean is widely applied in hospitals, but the impact tends to be limited. This paper investigates three possible explanations: 1) maturity, 2) complexity, and 3) the value concept and analyses the bearing of these in a case study of lean application in a large Danish university hospital. The results indicate that lean tends to be applied in secondary and support functions with a logistic character and therefore has had a limited impact on the overall healthcare performance. The case study shows that there are constraints related to low lean maturity, the complexity of processes and operations as well as differences in value perceptions among the different professions (e.g., doctors, nurses, and managers) within the hospital. The conclusion is that lean is useful for hospitals, but the lean concept as well as its implementation methods need to be fitted to the organizational complexity and diverging values in hospitals in order to bring about a larger impact. It is therefore necessary to develop new models for the lean concept as well as the implementation of lean adapted to the particular context of hospitals with a stronger focus on patient experiences and on coordination of social relations.
Romantic Relationships and Relationship Satisfaction Among Adults With Asperger Syndrome and High‐Functioning Autism
Authors: Strunz Sandra , Schermuck Constanze , Ballerstein Sarah , Ahlers Christoph J. , Dziobek Isabel , Roepke Stefan 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulties in maintaining romantic relationships. In this study high‐functioning adults with ASD were examined concerning their romantic relationship interest and experience.MethodParticipants, 31 recruited via an outpatient clinic and 198 via an online survey, were asked to answer a number of self‐report questionnaires. The total sample comprised 229 high‐functioning adults with ASD (40% males, average age: 35 years).ResultsOf the total sample, 73% indicated romantic relationship experience and only 7% had no desire to be in a romantic relationship. ASD individuals whose partner was also on the autism spectrum were significantly more satisfied with their relationship than those with neurotypical partners. Severity of autism, schizoid symptoms, empathy skills, and need for social support were not correlated with relationship status.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the vast majority of high‐functioning adults with ASD are interested in romantic relationships.
PCSK9 Inhibition With Monoclonal Antibodies: Modern Management of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ito Matthew K. , Santos Raul D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCurrent guidelines for hypercholesterolemia treatment emphasize lifestyle modification and lipid‐modifying therapy to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Statins are the primary class of agents used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Although statins are effective for many patients, they fail to achieve optimal reduction in lipids for some patients, including those who have or are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The PCSK9 gene was identified in the past decade as a potential therapeutic target for the management of patients with hypercholesterolemia. Pharmacologic interventions to decrease PCSK9 levels are in development, with the most promising approach using monoclonal antibodies that bind to PCSK9 in the plasma. Two monoclonal antibodies, alirocumab and evolocumab, have recently been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and a third one, bococizumab, is in phase 3 clinical development. All 3 agents achieve significant reductions in levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as reductions in non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a). Long‐term outcome trials are under way to determine the sustained efficacy, safety, and tolerability of PCSK9 inhibitors and whether this novel class of agents decreases the risk for major cardiovascular events in patients on lipid‐modifying therapy. Available data suggest that PCSK9 inhibitors provide a robust reduction in atherogenic cholesterol levels with a good safety profile, especially for patients who fail to obtain an optimal clinical response to statin therapy, those who are statin intolerant or have contraindications to statin therapy, and those with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Testing a weather generator for downscaling climate change projections over Switzerland
Authors: Keller D. E. , Fischer A. M. , Liniger M. A. , Appenzeller C. , Knutti R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTClimate information provided by global or regional climate models (RCMs) are often too coarse and prone to substantial biases for local assessments or use in impact models. Hence, statistical downscaling becomes necessary. For the Swiss National Climate Change Initiative (CH2011), a delta‐change approach was used to provide daily climate scenarios at the local scale. Here, we analyse a Richardson‐type weather generator (WG) as an alternative method to downscale daily precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature. The WG is calibrated for 26 Swiss stations and the reference period is 1980–2009. It is perturbed with change factors derived from RCMs (ENSEMBLES) to represent the climate of 2070–2099 assuming the SRES A1B emission scenario. The WG can be run in multi‐site mode, making it especially attractive for impact‐modellers that rely on a realistic spatial structure in downscaled time‐series. The results from the WG are benchmarked against the original delta‐change approach that applies mean additive or multiplicative adjustments to the observations.According to both downscaling methods, the results reveal mean temperature increases and a precipitation decrease in summer, consistent with earlier studies. For the summer drying, the WG indicates primarily a decrease in wet‐day frequency and correspondingly an increase in mean dry spell length of between 18 and 40% at low‐elevation stations. By definition, these potential changes cannot be represented by a delta‐change approach. In winter, both methods project a shortening of the frost period (−30 to −60 days) and a decrease of snow days (−20 to −100%). The WG demonstrates though, that almost present‐day conditions in snow‐days could still occur in the future. As expected, both methods have difficulties in representing extremes. If users focus on changes in temporal sequences and need a large number of future realizations, it is recommended to use data from a WG instead of a delta‐change approach.
Harnessing Poly(ionic liquid)s for Sensing Applications
Authors: Guterman Ryan , Ambrogi Martina , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: May 2016

The interest in poly(ionic liquid)s for sensing applications is derived from their strong interactions to a variety of analytes. By combining the desirable mechanical properties of polymers with the physical and chemical properties of ILs, new materials can be created. The tunable nature of both ionic liquids and polymers allows for incredible diversity, which is exemplified in their broad applicability. In this article we examine the new field of poly(ionic liquid) sensors by providing a detailed look at the current state‐of‐the‐art sensing devices for solvents, gases, biomolecules, pH, and anions.
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Hybrid procedure for total laryngectomy with a flexible robot‐assisted surgical system
Authors: Schuler Patrick J. , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Veit Johannes A. , Rotter Nicole , Friedrich Daniel T. , Greve Jens , Scheithauer Marc O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionTotal laryngectomy is a standard procedure in head‐and‐neck surgery for the treatment of cancer patients. Recent clinical experiences have indicated a clinical benefit for patients undergoing transoral robot‐assisted total laryngectomy (TORS‐TL) with commercially available systems. Here, a new hybrid procedure for total laryngectomy is presented.MethodsTORS‐TL was performed in human cadavers (n = 3) using a transoral‐transcervical hybrid procedure. The transoral approach was performed with a robotic flexible robot‐assisted surgical system (Flex®) and compatible flexible instruments. Transoral access and visualization of anatomical landmarks were studied in detail.ResultsTotal laryngectomy is feasible with a combined transoral‐transcervical approach using the flexible robot‐assisted surgical system. Transoral visualization of all anatomical structures is sufficient. The flexible design of the robot is advantageous for transoral surgery of the laryngeal structures.ConclusionTransoral robot assisted surgery has the potential to reduce morbidity, hospital time and fistula rates in a selected group of patients. Initial clinical studies and further development of supplemental tools are in progress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change, malaria, and public health: accounting for socioeconomic contexts in past debates and future research
Authors: Suk Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2016

Infectious diseases have long been a focal point of climate change impacts research, with malaria prominent among them. Although it is universally acknowledged that malaria transmission is affected by temperature and rainfall, projections of future levels of malaria under different climate change scenarios have been the object of scientific controversy. One underappreciated reason for this is because modeling research has not consistently accounted for the role of socioeconomic factors in malaria transmission. There is now a growing awareness that greater and more explicit discussion about the impact of socioeconomic factors on malaria transmission under climate change scenarios is needed, but this will require deepened multidisciplinary collaboration and greater attention to climate change vulnerability science. In order to address this need and to ensure that that outputs from this research help address the needs of public health, the following activities are suggested: systematic analyses of past events to assess the relative role of climatic and socioeconomic drivers of malaria transmission, the development of a consistent definition of vulnerability, the development of metrics and indicators for the key components of vulnerability to malaria, greater collaboration with stakeholders, and the development of health‐specific climate change scenarios under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Finally, researchers should more explicitly detail how their assumptions about future socioeconomic development affect research findings. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:551–568. doi: 10.1002/wcc.406This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Mitochondrial metabolic remodeling in response to genetic and environmental perturbations
Authors: Hollinshead Kate E.R. , Tennant Daniel A. 
Published: May 2016

Mitochondria are metabolic hubs within mammalian cells and demonstrate significant metabolic plasticity. In oxygenated environments with ample carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid sources, they are able to use the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the production of anabolic metabolites and ATP. However, in conditions where oxygen becomes limiting for oxidative phosphorylation, they can rapidly signal to increase cytosolic glycolytic ATP production, while awaiting hypoxia‐induced changes in the proteome mediated by the activity of transcription factors such as hypoxia‐inducible factor 1. Hypoxia is a well‐described phenotype of most cancers, driving many aspects of malignancy. Improving our understanding of how mitochondria change their metabolism in response to this stimulus may therefore elicit the design of new selective therapies. Many of the recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial metabolic plasticity have been acquired through investigations of cancer‐associated mutations in metabolic enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. This review will describe how metabolic perturbations induced by hypoxia and mutations in these enzymes have informed our knowledge in the control of mitochondrial metabolism, and will examine what this may mean for the biology of the cancers in which these mutations are observed. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:272–285. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1334This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
The Relationship between the Supervision Role and Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Allsbrook Katlin , Atzinger Carrie , He Hua , Engelhard Chalee , Yager Geoffrey , Wusik Katie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany genetic counselors provide supervision to students during their career. Previous studies have shown genetic counselors, in general, are at increased risk for developing compassion fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in compassion fatigue and burnout levels in genetic counselors who currently supervise compared to genetic counselors who do not. Genetic counselors who currently practice in a clinical setting (N = 391) completed an online survey containing demographic questions, the Professional Quality of Life Scale, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and questions specific to the genetic counselor's experiences with supervision. Overall, when controlling for trait‐anxiety, the supervision role by itself was not independently associated with the risk for compassion fatigue and burnout among genetic counselors. Within supervisors, however, there were several factors which were associated with this risk. Those with less supervision experience reported more secondary traumatic stress. Those supervisors reporting less confidence had decreased compassion satisfaction. Those with less experience or less confidence in their supervision role were most likely to be at increased risk for developing compassion fatigue. Training in supervision and support for dealing with compassion fatigue and burnout may be beneficial to supervisors with less experience.
Superballistic wavepacket spreading in double kicked rotors
Authors: Fang Ping , Wang Jiao 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We investigate possible ways in which a quantum wavepacket spreads. We show that in a general class of double kicked rotor system, a wavepacket may undergo superballistic spreading; i.e., its variance increases as the cubic of time. The conditions for the observed superballistic spreading and two related characteristic time scales are studied. Our results suggest that the symmetry of the studied model and whether it is a Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser system are crucial to its wavepacket spreading behavior. Our study also sheds new light on the exponential wavepacket spreading phenomenon previously observed in the double kicked rotor system.
Fascial Manipulation Associated With Standard Care Compared to Only Standard Postsurgical Care for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Busato Massimo , Quagliati Cristian , Magri Lara , Filippi Alessandra , Sanna Alberto , Branchini Mirco , Marchand Aurelie Marie , Stecco Antonio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPostsurgical physiotherapy programs after total hip arthroplasty (THA) show important differences between types and numbers of treatment sessions. To increase functional recovery in postsurgical patients, manual therapy can be added to traditional physiotherapy programs. Fascial manipulation (FM) has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing pain and increasing muscular capacity.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of FM when added to a standard protocol of care.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingRehabilitation center.PatientsA total of 51 patients were recruited after total hip arthroplasty. Inclusion criteria were first THA surgery, posterior‐lateral access, and onset of pain within a maximum 2 years. Exclusion criteria were previous hip or knee prosthesis, congenital hip dysplasia, elective THA secondary to trauma, real leg‐length discrepancy (≥1.5 cm), cognitive impairment, concomitant rheumatic pathology in acute phase, and serious comorbidities such as cardiac, respiratory, and/or neuromuscular pathologies.MethodsPatients were randomized into 2 groups; both followed a standard protocol based on 2 daily sessions of active exercises for 45 minutes. In the study group, 2 sessions were replaced by FM. The clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02576028).Main Outcome MeasuresFunctional outcome measures were collected before and after treatment and at the end of the rehabilitation program. The measures included the Harris Hip Score; Timed Up‐and‐Go test; articular range of motion in abduction, flexion, extension, and bilateral external rotation with heels together; and verbal numerical scale.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in degrees of flexion between the study and control group with 25.4 (±11.3) and 18.7 (±9.5), respectively (P = .04); for abduction with 16.8 (±7.0) and 11.1 (±6.1), respectively (P = .005); for extension with 16.2 (±4.9) and 9.3 (±3.8), respectively (P = .001); for bilateral external rotation with heels together with 8.3 (±4.3) and 5.5 (±4.6), respectively (P = .04); for the Harris Hip Score 23.3 (±8.9) and 14.5 (±8.5), respectively (P = .002); and for verbal numerical scale score 1.1 (±2.1) and 0.5 (±1.1), respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that 2 FM sessions are able to significantly improve several functional outcomes in patients compared to usual treatment after THA.Level of EvidenceII
Hospital Evacuation and Shelter-in-Place: Who Is Responsible for Decision-Making?
Authors: McGinty Meghan D. , Burke Thomas A. , Barnett Daniel J. , Smith Katherine C. , Resnick Beth , Rutkow Lainie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveDuring natural disasters, hospital evacuation may be necessary to ensure patient safety and care. We aimed to examine perceptions of stakeholders involved in these decisions throughout the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 to characterize stakeholders’ perceptions about authority and responsibility for acute care hospital evacuation/shelter-in-place decision-making in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York during Hurricane Sandy. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using a framework approach.ResultsWe interviewed 42 individuals from 32 organizations. Hospital executives from all states reported having authority and responsibility for evacuation/shelter-in-place decision-making. In New York and Maryland, government officials stated that they could order hospital evacuation, whereas officials in Delaware and New Jersey said the government lacked enforcement capacity and therefore could not mandate evacuation.ConclusionsAmong government officials, perceived authority for hospital evacuation/shelter-in-place decision-making was viewed as a prerequisite to ordering evacuation. When both hospital executives and government officials perceive themselves to possess decision-making authority, there is the potential for inaction. Future work should examine whether a single entity bearing ultimate responsibility or regional emergency response coalitions would improve decision-making. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:320–324)