bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of plasticity versus dominance in maintaining polymorphism in mating strategies
Authors: Moulherat Sylvain , Chaine Alexis , Mangin Alain , Aubret Fabien , Sinervo Barry , Clobert Jean 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough natural selection is expected to reduce variability, polymorphism is common in nature even under strong selective regimes. Discrete polymorphisms in mating strategies are widespread and offer a good opportunity to understand the genetic processes that allow the maintenance of polymorphism in relatively simple systems. Here we explored the genetic mechanism underlying the expression of discrete mating strategies in the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. Heterozygotes carry the genetic information for two different strategies, yet little attention has been devoted to the mechanisms underpinning heterozygote phenotype and its consequences for allele frequency dynamics. We explored the maintenance of polymorphism under 1) genetic dominance or 2) plasticity, as mechanisms driving the expression of alternative strategies in males. We developed an alternative mating strategy model and analysed allele frequency dynamics using time series analyses. Our results show that both genetic mechanisms can maintain polymorphism depending on population demographic characteristics but that plasticity can enhance the likelihood that polymorphism is maintained relative to dominance. Time series analysis on simulation outcomes show that the RPS game is mostly driven by a single strategy, but the importance of this strategy on long term dynamics is stronger when gene expression shows dominance rather than plasticity.
Helicobacter pylori targets mitochondrial import and components of mitochondrial DNA replication machinery through an alternative VacA-dependent and a VacA-independent mechanisms
Authors: Chatre Laurent , Fernandes Julien , Michel Valérie , Fiette Laurence , Avé Patrick , Arena Giuseppe , Jain Utkarsh , Haas Rainer , Wang Timothy C. , Ricchetti Miria , Touati Eliette 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTargeting mitochondria is a powerful strategy for pathogens to subvert cell physiology and establish infection. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen associated with gastric cancer development that is known to target mitochondria directly and exclusively through its pro-apoptotic and vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. By in vitro infection of gastric epithelial cells with wild-type and VacA-deficient H. pylori strains, treatment of cells with purified VacA proteins and infection of a mouse model, we show that H. pylori deregulates mitochondria by two novel mechanisms, both rather associated with host cell survival. First, early upon infection VacA induces transient increase of mitochondrial translocases and a dramatic accumulation of the mitochondrial DNA replication and maintenance factors POLG and TFAM. These events occur when VacA is not detected intracellularly, therefore do not require the direct interaction of the cytotoxin with the organelle, and are independent of the toxin vacuolating activity. In vivo, these alterations coincide with the evolution of gastric lesions towards severity. Second, H. pylori also induces VacA-independent alteration of mitochondrial replication and import components, suggesting the involvement of additional H. pylori activities in mitochondria-mediated effects. These data unveil two novel mitochondrial effectors in H. pylori-host interaction with links on gastric pathogenesis.
Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fan Jia , Sun Jingrui , Francis Frédéric , Chen Julian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAphid saliva plays important roles in aphid-host interactions, such as assisting aphid digestion, detoxification, activating or suppressing plant defenses. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is one of the most devastating pests of cereals worldwide. In this study, we performed the transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of S. avenae. A total of 33,079 assembled unigenes were identified in the salivary glands of aphids. Of the all obtained unigenes, 15,833(47.86%) and 10,829(32.73%) unigenes showed high similarity to known proteins in Nr and Swiss-Prot databases respectively. 526 unigenes were predicted to encode secretory proteins, including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes and potential effectors. The RT-PCR and RT-qPCR results showed that all of the 15 most highly expressed putative secretory proteins specifically expressed in salivary glands. Interestingly, 11 of the 15 most highly expressed putative secretory proteins were still not matched to function-known proteins. We also detected the expression of 9 interested putative secretory proteins in aphid different tissues, including some digestive and detoxifying enzymes, effectors and Ca2+ binding proteins. The results showed that only glutathione-S-transferase 1 was specifically expressed in salivary glands. These findings provide a further insight into the identification of potential effectors involving in aphid-cereals interactions.
Extensive gene flow of white-backed planthopper in the Greater Mekong Subregion as revealed by microsatellite markers
Authors: Yin Yanqiong , Li Xiangyong , Chu Dong , Zhao Xueqing , Sathya Khay , Douangboupha Bounneuang , Kyaw Mu Mu , Kongchuensin Manita , Somrith Apirusht , Ngo Vinh Vien , Nguyen Huy Chung , Shen Shicai , Liu Shufang , Chen Aidong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive pest of rice in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and China’s Yunnan Province. Our previous study not only confirmed the immigration sources of the WBPH in China’s Yunnan Province were from Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, but also indicated that Cambodia was likely an additional migration source. To further clarify the migration sources and patterns of the WBPH in the GMS, we investigated the genetic structure of 42 WBPH populations using microsatellite loci markers. The analysis of genetic diversity, heterozygosity deficit, and heterozygosity excess based on the nuclear markers suggest that there is extensive gene flow between the 42 sampled populations from the GMS. The genetic structure confirmed the immigration sources of WBPH as revealed by mitochondrial markers and trajectory analyses methods in previous studies. These findings will aid in the sustainable regional management of this insect pest in the GMS.
Coulomb-like elastic interaction induced by symmetry breaking in nematic liquid crystal colloids
Authors: Lee Beom-Kyu , Kim Sung-Jo , Kim Jong-Hyun , Lev Bohdan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is generally thought that colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal do not generate the first multipole term called deformation elastic charge as it violates the mechanical equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that this is not the case, and deformation elastic charges, as well as dipoles and quadrupoles, can be induced through anisotropic boundary conditions. We report the first direct observation of Coulomb-like elastic interactions between colloidal particles in a nematic liquid crystal. The behaviour of two spherical colloidal particles with asymmetric anchoring conditions induced by asymmetric alignment is investigated experimentally; the interaction of two particles located at the boundary of twist and parallel aligned regions is observed. We demonstrate that such particles produce deformation elastic charges and interact by Coulomb-like interactions.
Silencing of OsGRXS17 in rice improves drought stress tolerance by modulating ROS accumulation and stomatal closure
Authors: Hu Ying , Wu Qingyu , Peng Zhao , Sprague Stuart A. , Wang Wei , Park Jungeun , Akhunov Eduard , Jagadish Krishna S. V. , Nakata Paul A. , Cheng Ninghui , Hirschi Kendal D. , White Frank F. , Park Sunghun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlutaredoxins (GRXs) modulate redox-dependent signaling pathways and have emerged as key mediators in plant responses to environmental stimuli. Here we report that RNAi-mediated suppression of Oryza sativa GRXS17 (OsGRXS17) improved drought tolerance in rice. Gene expression studies showed that OsGRXS17 was present throughout the plant and that transcript abundance increased in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Localization studies, utilizing GFP-OsGRXS17 fusion proteins, indicated that OsGRXS17 resides in both the cytoplasm and the nuclear envelope. Under drought stress conditions, rice plants with reduced OsGRXS17 expression showed lower rates of water loss and stomatal conductance, higher relative water content, and enhanced survival compared to wild-type controls. Further characterization of the OsGRXS17 down-regulated plants revealed an elevation in H2O2 production within the guard cells, increased sensitivity to ABA, and a reduction in stomatal apertures. The findings demonstrate a critical link between OsGRXS17, the modulation of guard cell H2O2 concentrations, and stomatal closure, expanding our understanding of the mechanisms governing plant responses to drought.
An increased chloride level in hypochloremia is associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock
Authors: Oh Hyung Jung , Kim Seung Jun , Kim Yong Chan , Kim Eun Jin , Jung In Young , Oh Dong Hyun , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Han Sang Hoon , Choi Jun Yong , Song Young Goo , Ryu Dong-Ryeol , Kim June Myung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOnly a few observational studies investigated the association between hypochloremia and mortality in critically ill patients, and these studies included small number of septic patients. Also, no study has evaluated the effect of an increase in chloride (Cl−) concentration in hypochloremia on the mortality. A total of 843 Korean septic patients were divided into three groups based on their baseline Cl− level, and Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the 28-day mortality. Moreover, the change in Cl− level (ΔCl) from baseline to 24, 48, or 72 hour was determined, and Cox analyses were also conducted to evaluate the relationship of ΔCl with mortality. 301 (35.7%) patients were hypochloremic (Cl− < 97 mEq/L), and 38 (4.5%) patients were hyperchloremic (Cl− > 110 mEq/L). During the follow-up period, 119 (14.1%) patients died. Hypochloremia was significantly associated with an increased mortality after adjusting for several variables, but an 1 mEq/L increase of ΔCl within 24 hour in patients with hypochloremia was significantly related to a decreased mortality. Caution might be required in severe septic patients with hypochloremia considering their increased mortality rate. However, an increased Cl− concentration might decrease the mortality rate of such patients.
Whole Y-chromosome sequences reveal an extremely recent origin of the most common North African paternal lineage E-M183 (M81)
Authors: Solé-Morata Neus , García-Fernández Carla , Urasin Vadim , Bekada Asmahan , Fadhlaoui-Zid Karima , Zalloua Pierre , Comas David , Calafell Francesc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractE-M183 (E-M81) is the most frequent paternal lineage in North Africa and thus it must be considered to explore past historical and demographical processes. Here, by using whole Y chromosome sequences from 32 North African individuals, we have identified five new branches within E-M183. The validation of these variants in more than 200 North African samples, from which we also have information of 13 Y-STRs, has revealed a strong resemblance among E-M183 Y-STR haplotypes that pointed to a rapid expansion of this haplogroup. Moreover, for the first time, by using both SNP and STR data, we have provided updated estimates of the times-to-the-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCA) for E-M183, which evidenced an extremely recent origin of this haplogroup (2,000–3,000 ya). Our results also showed a lack of population structure within the E-M183 branch, which could be explained by the recent and rapid expansion of this haplogroup. In spite of a reduction in STR heterozygosity towards the West, which would point to an origin in the Near East, ancient DNA evidence together with our TMRCA estimates point to a local origin of E-M183 in NW Africa.
Predictive value of thrombus volume for recanalization in stent retriever thrombectomy
Authors: Baek Jang-Hyun , Yoo Joonsang , Song Dongbeom , Kim Young Dae , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Byung Moon , Kim Dong Joon , Lee Hye Sun , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis retrospective study investigated whether the volume or density of the thrombus is predictive of recanalization in stent retriever (SR) treatment. Consecutive patients treated with SR thrombectomy as the first endovascular modality were enrolled. The thrombus volume and density were measured on thin-section noncontrast computed tomography using 3-dimensional software. The patients were grouped by recanalization status and the number of SR passes. Among 165 patients, recanalization was achieved with the first pass in 68 (50.0%), 2–3 passes in 43 (31.6%), and ≥4 passes in 25 (18.4%) patients. The thrombus volume was smaller in patients with (107.5 mm3) than without (173.7 mm3, p = 0.025) recanalization, and tended to be larger with increasing number of passes (p for trend = 0.001). The thrombus volume was an independent predictor of first-pass recanalization (odds ratio 0.93 per 10 mm3, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.97). However, the thrombus density was not associated with recanalization success. Recanalization within 3 passes was associated with a favorable outcome. In conclusion, the thrombus volume was significantly related to recanalization in SR thrombectomy. Measuring the thrombus volume was particularly predictive of first-pass recanalization, which was associated with a higher likelihood of a favorable outcome.
Aerobic performance in tinamous is limited by their small heart. A novel hypothesis in the evolution of avian flight
Authors: Altimiras Jordi , Lindgren Isa , Giraldo-Deck Lina María , Matthei Alberto , Garitano-Zavala Álvaro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome biomechanical studies from fossil specimens suggest that sustained flapping flight of birds could have appeared in their Mesozoic ancestors. We challenge this idea because a suitable musculoskeletal anatomy is not the only requirement for sustained flapping flight. We propose the “heart to fly” hypothesis that states that sustained flapping flight in modern birds required an enlargement of the heart for the aerobic performance of the flight muscles and test it experimentally by studying tinamous, the living birds with the smallest hearts. The small ventricular size of tinamous reduces cardiac output without limiting perfusion pressures, but when challenged to fly, the heart is unable to support aerobic metabolism (quick exhaustion, larger lactates and post-exercise oxygen consumption and compromised thermoregulation). At the same time, cardiac growth shows a crocodilian-like pattern and is correlated with differential gene expression in MAPK kinases. We integrate this physiological evidence in a new evolutionary scenario in which the ground-up, short and not sustained flapping flight displayed by tinamous represents an intermediate step in the evolution of the aerobic sustained flapping flight of modern birds.
Motor actions influence subsequent sensorimotor decisions
Authors: Pape Anna-Antonia , Noury Nima , Siegel Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSensorimotor decisions are influenced by factors beyond the current sensory input, but little is known about the effect of preceding motor actions. Here, we show that choice-unrelated motor actions influence subsequent sensorimotor decisions. By instructing participants to perform choice-unrelated motor responses before visuomotor decisions, we could manipulate upcoming decisions in a directed fashion. Subjects tended not to repeat the instructed motor response. Our results show that simple motor behaviors can influence subsequent sensorimotor decision.
The Origins of Verb Learning: Preverbal and Postverbal Infants' Learning of Word–Action Relations
Authors: Gogate Lakshmi , Maganti Madhavilatha 
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This experiment examined English- or Spanish-learning preverbal (8–9 months,
n
=
32
) and postverbal (12–14 months,
n
=
40
) infants' learning of word–action pairings prior to and after the transition to verb comprehension and its relation to naturally learned vocabulary.

Method
Infants of both verbal levels were first habituated to 2 dynamic video displays of novel word–action pairings, the words /wem/ or /bæf/, spoken synchronously with an adult shaking or looming an object, and tested with interchanged (switched) versus same word–action pairings. Mothers of the postverbal infants were asked to report on their infants' vocabulary on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 1994).

Results
The preverbal infants looked longer to the switched relative to same pairings, suggesting word–action mapping, but not the postverbal infants. Mothers of the postverbal infants reported a noun bias on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories; infants learned more nouns than verbs in the natural environment. Further analyses revealed marginal word–action mapping in postverbal infants who learned fewer nouns and only comprehended verbs (post–verb comprehension), but not in those who learned more nouns and also produced verbs (post–verb production).

Conclusions
These findings on verb learning from inside and outside the laboratory suggest a developmental shift from domain-general to language-specific mechanisms. Long before they talk, infants learning a noun-dominant language learn synchronous word–action relations. As a postverbal language-specific noun bias develops, this learning temporarily diminishes.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5592637
Timing and Management of Inguinal Hernia in the Premature Baby
Authors: Casaccia Germana , Arnoldi Rossella , Pini Prato Alessio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInguinal hernias in children occur with a prevalence ranging from 3 to 5%. The likelihood of a symptomatic patent processus vaginalis is significantly higher in preterms, as reported by most series. As a consequence, inguinal hernia represents the most common condition requiring surgical repair in the neonate and preterm baby. Surgery aims at avoiding and preventing intestinal and gonadal lesions related to incarceration. Nonetheless, hernia repair is technically demanding, with a relatively high risk of complications including recurrence and testicular atrophy. This paper will address some of most debated aspect of inguinal hernia management in preterms babies. The authors will discuss anesthesiological implications, available surgical techniques, optimal timing for surgery, and reasons for possible contralateral groin exploration. The authors will also discuss literature evidences and will propose their own behavior to provide an algorithm for the correct management of neonates and ex-preterms with inguinal hernia.
Peritoneale Metastasen
Authors: Piso Pompiliu 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose peritonealer Metastasen ist nach wie vor ein negativer prognostischer Faktor für die meisten betroffenen Patienten. Der
zunehmende Einsatz aggressiver lokoregionaler Therapien darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass nur einem geringen Anteil der Patienten
wirklich prognostisch geholfen werden kann. Dennoch handelt es sich bundesweit um Tausende von Patienten, die in den Genuss eines kurativen
Ansatzes kommen könnten. Eine Rolle spielen grundsätzlich die zugrunde liegende Tumorentität, das Ausmaß der isolierten peritonealen
Metastasen und die Radikalität der Chirurgie, die alle sichtbaren Läsionen entfernen muss. Die zytoreduktive Chirurgie, kombiniert mit der
hyperthermen intraperitonealen Chemotherapie, kann bei einem Drittel der Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom und isolierten
peritonealen Metastasen durchgeführt werden. Die Behandlung ist komplex und setzt eine intensive interdisziplinäre Absprache voraus, mit
aktiver Einbeziehung des Patienten.
Neue Entwicklungen in der Strahlentherapie
Authors: Seidensaal Katharina , Harrabi Semi Ben , Debus Jürgen 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungKaum eine andere Disziplin wird durch physikalische Erkenntnisse und technologischen Fortschritt beeinflusst wie die Radiotherapie. Die
Einführung der Intensitätsmodulierten Radiotherapie (IMRT) ermöglichte eine höhere Präzision und bessere Risikoorganschonung. Der Einsatz
von Protonen mit ihren speziellen Eigenschaften bietet insbesondere große Vorteile in der Therapie von pädiatrischen und jungen Patienten
und ermöglicht die Therapie von Tumoren mit heikler anatomischer Lagebeziehung z. B. an der Schädelbasis. Zu den modernsten Errungenschaften
gehört die Kohlenstoffionentherapie, sie steht gerade mal an 11 Standorten weltweit zur Verfügung. Durch die besonderen biophysikalischen
Eigenschaften ist diese besonders für die Behandlung von strahlenresistenten Tumoren wie Chordomen, Chondrosarkomen und adenoidzystischen
Karzinomen, in Angrenzung an strahlensensible Risikoorgane geeignet. Die Dosisverteilung der Partikeltherapie ist auch den modernsten
Methoden der Photonentherapie weit überlegen. In besonderer Weise wird die Radiotherapie durch die Fortschritte in der Bildgebung, speziell
MRT und PET, beeinflusst. Die Möglichkeiten der „image guidance“, der bildgebenden Betrachtung unter der laufenden Therapie zur
Positionierungsgenauigkeit, gipfeln in der adaptiven Radiotherapie, der Anpassung an Veränderungen des Tumors in Größe und Lage sowie an
Lageveränderungen von Risikoorganen. Für die weitere Erforschung dieser Möglichkeiten werden aktuell 2 Hybridgeräte aus MRT und
Linearbeschleuniger in Heidelberg und Tübingen installiert. Mit Spannung gestaltet sich die Suche nach patientenspezifischen Biomarkern für
Therapieansprechen sowie strahlensensibilisierenden Substanzen zur „Targeted Therapy“. Die große Herausforderung der modernen
Strahlentherapie wird die Individualisierung der Therapie bezüglich der Dosis, Zielvolumendefinition und Therapiedauer darstellen.
Theorizing a model information pathway to mitigate the menstrual taboo
Authors: Yagnik Arpan 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The impact of menstruation on the society is directly seen in the educational opportunities, quality of life and professional endeavors of females. However, lack of menstrual hygiene management has indirect implication on the balance and development of the society and nation. This study is set in the Indian context. The researcher identifies actors with a potential of mitigating menstrual taboo and then theorizes an optimal information pathway to mitigate menstrual taboo. Diffusion of innovation, framing and agenda setting theories contribute as frameworks in the creation of an optimal pathway to dissolve the menstrual taboo. The actors identified in this model are scholars, health activists, students, NGOs, media, government, corporations and villages or communities. The determinants for the direction and the order of the pathway to diffuse knowledge and confidence among these actors are the ultimate goal and sustainability of the model, strengths and weaknesses of actors, and actors’ extent of influence. Considering the absence of an existing alternate, this model pathway provides a solid framework purely from a theoretical perspective. Theoretically, this model pathway is possible, practical and optimal.