bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bigger is better: Comparison of alternative devices for tension hemopneumothorax and pulseless electrical activity in a Yorkshire swine model
Authors: Leatherman Matthew L. , Fluke Laura M. , McEvoy Christian S. , Pokorny Douglas M. , Ricca Robert L. , Martin Matthew J. , Gamble Christopher S. , Polk Travis M. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Tension pneumothorax is a cause of potentially preventable death in prehospital and battlefield settings and 14-gauge angiocatheter (14G AC) decompression remains the current treatment standard, despite its high incidence of failure. Traumatic pneumothorax is often associated with hemothorax, but 14G AC has no proven efficacy for associated hemothorax. We sought to compare the 14G AC to three alternative devices for treatment of tension hemopneumothorax (t-H/PTX) in a positive-pressure ventilation swine model.

METHODS
Our tension model was modified to incorporate a persistent air leak and pleural blood. Tension physiology was achieved with escalating carbon dioxide insufflation via transdiaphragmatic trocar, and 10% estimated blood volume was instilled into each chest. Intervention was randomized between 14G AC, 10-gauge angiocatheter (10G AC), modified Veress-type needle (mVN), and 3-mm laparoscopic trocar (LT). After recovery, serial tension-induced pulseless electrical activity (PEA) events were induced and decompressed. Success of rescue, time to rescue, and physiologic data were recorded.

RESULTS
One hundred ninety-five t-H/PTX and 88 PEA events were conducted in 25 swine. Laparoscopic trocar and 10G AC were more successful and had faster median time to rescue for t-H/PTX compared with 14G AC, whereas mVN performed comparably. Following PEA, 14G AC and mVN succeeded at rescue only 50% and 57% of the time, whereas 10G AC and LT had 100% success at return of spontaneous circulation. Time to successful return of circulation following PEA did not differ between devices; however, there was a noticeable difference in the rate of meaningful hemodynamic recovery following PEA favoring LT and 10G AC. There were no significant injuries noted.

CONCLUSIONS
While mVN performed comparably to 14G AC, both have unacceptable failure rates. Ten-gauge AC and LT performed superiorly in both t-H/PTX and PEA. We believe there is now ample evidence supporting replacement of the 14G AC with 10G AC in current treatment recommendations.
Women and the legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work: logics from Lebanon
Authors: Karam Charlotte M. , Afiouni Fida 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how public (i.e. culture, state, paid work) and private (i.e. household) patriarchal structures work to shape a woman’s own legitimacy judgments concerning not engaging in paid work. The authors trace the intersection and interaction of legitimacy logics at both the collective (i.e. validity) and individual (i.e. propriety) levels, thereby gaining a better contextual understanding of each woman’s perception of career opportunities and limitations.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative methodology drawing from 35 semi-structured interviews with Lebanese women. A multilevel analytic framework combining the institutional structures of private and public patriarchy with the micro-processes of institutional logics is used.

Findings
Legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work is often tied to patriarchal logics that favor private sphere responsibilities for women, particularly related to the relational and instrumental logics of childrearing and husband-oriented responsibilities. Women’s legitimacy judgment formation seems to be based on multilevel cues and on differential instances of evaluative vs passive judgment formation. Some appear to passively assume the legitimacy of the logics; while others more actively question these logics. The findings suggest that active questioning is often overwhelmed by the negative and harsh realities making the woman succumb to passivity and choosing not to engage in paid work.

Originality/value
This study provides: a better mapping of the individual woman’s daily cognitions concerning the legitimacy of (not) engaging in paid work; and a unique multilevel analytic framework that can serve as a useful example of contextualizing career research.
From the informal economy to the meaning of informality
Authors: Ram Monder , Edwards Paul , Jones Trevor , Villares-Varela Maria 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess ways in which informality can be understood and reviews an emerging area of management scholarship. The origins and nature of informality are discussed with the aid of two different theoretical tools: “workplace sociology” (WS) and “mixed embeddedness” (ME).

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is grounded in empirical material reflecting different aspects of informality mainly within the ethnic economy, such as a study on the implementation of the National Minimum Wage regulations (Ram et al., 2007; Jones et al., 2004, 2006).

Findings
The authors argue that the combination of WS and ME provides a valuable means of content and character of informality. It can also help to explaining variations and patterns within the informal economy, as well as understanding new forms of informality in the ethnic economy and beyond in “superdiverse” contexts.

Originality/value
This paper bridges two different theoretical approaches to explain the interactions between the firm and state regulations, as well as the workplace relations between employer and employees.
The making of a moral economy: women's views of monetary transactions in an ‘egg sharing for research’ scheme
Authors: Haimes Erica , Williams Robin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere are growing debates about the appropriateness of offering money in exchange for the provision of bodily materials for clinical treatment and research. The bioethics literature and many practice guidelines have generally been opposed to such entanglement, depicting the use of money as contaminating, creating undue inducement, exploitation and commodification of the human body. However, two elements have been missing from these debates: (i) the perspectives of those people providing bodily materials when money is offered; and (ii) systematic empirical engagement with the notion of ‘money’ itself. This article seeks to fill those gaps in knowledge by providing detailed insights from a project investigating the views and experiences of women who volunteered to provide eggs for research in exchange for reduced fees for fertility treatment. Analysis of 29 semi‐structured interviews reveals multiple ways in which volunteers reason through the involvement of ‘money’ in this domain and shows how their accounts diverge from pessimistic understandings of the role of monies in everyday life. When volunteers speak in detail about the monetary aspects of their participation they draw major, recurring, distinctions in five overlapping areas: their depiction of the monetized world of fertility treatment; their views of the different forms that money can take; a distancing of their actions from their understandings of how markets and commodities work; their location of the transactions within a particular clinic, and the ongoing importance of their eggs, post‐transaction.This article: (i) responds to calls for concrete case studies to assist understandings of the inter‐relationships of money and specific aspects of social life; (ii) adds to the sociology of money literature by providing empirical insights into how notions of money are deployed; (iii) presents much‐needed perspectives from providers of bodily materials; and (iv) contributes to ongoing conversations between bioethics and sociology.
Biomarkers in solid organ transplantation
Authors: van Gelder Teun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecipients of solid organs such as the kidney and heart are treated with standard immunosuppressive regimens, and personalized medicine has not yet reached the clinic for this patient population. Biomarkers potentially will allow treatment regimens to be adjusted, according to the needs of the individual patient. Biomarkers may reflect the degree of immunosuppression of the immune system, or they may reflect early damage to the transplanted organ.
Executing clinical proteomic studies using mass spectrometry
Authors: Jylhä A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBiomarkers are tools of personalized medicine and potentially valuable end points for clinical studies. They can be used to measure a patient's risk to certain disease and the severity of the disease, and to predict and/or measure the patient's therapeutic response to treatment. Mass spectrometry (MS) enables simultaneous detection and quantification of most proteins, and therefore has become an attractive method for biomarker discovery in the recent years. It can be used to detect changes in cellular functions and metabolism in a more comprehensive way than the traditional immunoassays. In this presentation, the techniques used in sample preparation and MS will be demonstrated in a practical way. The presentation will cover methods used through the different phases of clinical proteomic studies from planning to discovery and validation of discovered biomarkers.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in occlusive retinal vasculitis
Authors: Ben Abderrahim K. , Zina S. , Khairallah M. , Ksiaa I. , Jelliti B. , Khairallah M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeFluorescein angiography (FA) has been the gold standard for the evaluation and management of occlusive retinal vasculitis. Our purpose is to describe swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in eyes with occlusive retinal vasculitis.MethodsThis prospective study included 15 patients (25 eyes) diagnosed with occlusive retinal vasculitis involving the posterior pole or the periphery. All patients were evaluated using FA, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and OCTA.ResultsThe causes of occlusive retinal vasculitis included Behcet disease in 12 patients (21 eyes), ocular tuberculosis in 1 patient (2 eyes), West Nile virus infection in 1 patient (1 eye) and rickettsiosis in one patient (1 eye). OCTA was superior to FA in evaluating perifoveal microvascular changes. It showed in twenty eyes (80%) areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion/hypoperfusion with or without associated rarefied, dilated, or shunting vessels. The deep retinal capillary plexus was more severely affected than the superficial capillary plexus.ConclusionsOCTA allowed better evaluation of macular ischemia than FA in eyes with occlusive retinal vasculitis. The deep capillary plexus appeared to be more severely involved than the superficial capillary plexus.
Surgical management of neurotrophic keratitis
Authors: Shortt A. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySurgical treatment of neurotrophic keratitis (NK), is indicated in advanced disease (stages 2 and 3) refractory to medical management. The objective is to prevent stromal involvement and to prevent corneal perforation. The cornerstone of surgical therapy is tarsorrhaphy which narrows the palpebral fissure and decreases the area of exposed cornea. It can be temporary or permanent and partial or complete. An alternative to surgical tarsorrhaphy is botulium A toxin injection into the upper lid. Other surgical options are amniotic membrane transplantation to cover the epithelial defect (stage 2) or corneal ulcer (stage 3) and punctal occlusion to increase the amount of tears and improve lubrication. Corneal perforation, the ultimate sight threatening complication of NK, can be managed using cyanoacrylate glue or in larger defects a tectonic keratoplasty. Conjunctival flap may also be indicated in impending perforation. Outcomes of penetrating or lamellar corneal transplants in neurotrophic keratitis are very poor. Direct neurotization of the cornea using branches of the contralateral ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is difficult to perform but preserves cosmesis and can restore function.
Interference of TRPA1 function affects background activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors in ageing mice
Authors: Gallar J. , Rincón‐Frutos L. , Luna C. , Velasco E. , Aracil A. , Diaz‐Tahoces A. , Acosta M.C. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTRPA1 and TRPM8 channels provide cold sensitivity to cold thermoreceptor neurons, being activated by high‐ and low‐intensity cooling stimuli respectively. Corneal cold sensory nerve terminals (CSNTs) encode both corneal surface temperature reductions and tear osmolarity increases associated with tear evaporation, acting as `dryness detectors′. TRPM8‐dependent activity of CSNTs contribute to basal tearing and is disturbed with ageing, while the role of TRPA1‐dependent activity is still unknown. In the present work, electrical activity of CSNTs from TRPA1‐KO mice was studied to define the contribution of TRPA1 channels to cold thermoreceptor sensory input to CNS.MethodsNerve terminal impulse (NTI) activity of CSNTs was recorded in vitro with a glass micropipette applied to the corneal surface of eyes from C57BL/6J (WT) and TRPA1‐KO mice (18‐22 months old) continuously superfused with physiological saline solution at 34°C. Background activity at basal temperature (34°C) and the impulse response to cooling ramps (from 34 to 15°C) and to TRP channel agonists (menthol, AITC, capsaicin; added to the perfusion solution) were analyzed. Tearing rate was measured with phenol red threads.ResultsBackground NTI activity of CSNTs at 34°C was slightly reduced in old TRPA1‐KO mice compared with aged‐matched WT (4.5±2.2 imp/s, n=10, vs 7.7±1.2 imp/s, n=11, p=0.22, t‐test), due to a reduced proportion of high background‐low threshold cold CSNTs. No significant differences were found in response to cooling ramps nor in tearing rate between WT and TRPA1‐KO mice.ConclusionsKnocking TRPA1 alters background activity of CSNTs but not their response to temperature decreases, suggesting that TRPA1‐dependent input to CNS is no essential for regulation of basal tearing.(Supported by SAF2014‐54518‐C3‐1‐R, MINECO, Spain, and ERDF, European Commission)
Low‐P melting of metapelitic rocks and the role of H2O: Insights from phase equilibria modelling
Authors: Sola Alfonso M. , Hasalová Pavlina , Weinberg Roberto F. , Suzaño Néstor O. , Becchio Raúl A. , Hongn Fernando D. , Botelho Nilson 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWater‐fluxed melting has long been thought to have a minor influence on the thermal and chemical structure of the crust. We report here on amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks from the 490–450 Ma Famatinian Orogen, in northwest Argentina, that have undergone water‐fluxed incongruent biotite melting at relatively low temperature, which have produced and lost a significant volume of melt. The protoliths consist of the turbiditic Puncoviscana Formation (Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian). The field area exhibits a condensed metamorphic field gradient, from greenschist to amphibolite facies suprasolidus conditions, recording a low pressure almost isobaric path, reaching peak conditions estimated at 700°C at 4 kbar. Thermodynamic modelling in the MnNCKFMASHTO system is applied to investigate melting at such low pressure as a function of water content. Calculations using a typical turbidite composition show how small amounts of added free H2O may increase significantly the melt fraction with little or no change in either the melt or residual phase compositions. They indicate negligible difference in normative An–Ab–Or proportions and ferromagnesian contents between melts derived by dehydration and water‐fluxed melts. The same is true for the content of H2O dissolved in melts, which remains constant and the melt produced is granitic whether or not aqueous fluids are present. Thus, neither the residue nor the melt composition are indicators of the presence of aqueous fluids during anatexis. Recognizing the impact of small additions of H2O to an anatectic terrane may therefore be difficult. The most significant change related to water‐fluxing is the relative proportions of minerals and melt fraction, rather than the actual mineral assemblage. The modal proportion of feldspar decreased while those of cordierite and biotite increased in the residual assemblages, as <5 mol.% of free H2O was added. The impact of this addition is to more than double the proportion of water‐undersaturated melt to 25–30 mol.%. We have also developed a simple way to estimate how much melt a residual rock has lost, if the compositional trends of the protoliths are known. In summary, we find that even though the addition of small amounts of free H2O impacts significantly on rock fertility, there is little obvious record in the field. The combined application of careful petrological investigation and thermodynamic modelling is the key to identify the influence of aqueous fluids, and exploit systems that became open not only to fluid influx but also to the extraction of melt.
Zika Virus Escapes NK Cell Detection by Upregulating Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules
Authors: Glasner Ariella , Oiknine-Djian Esther , Weisblum Yiska , Diab Mohammad , Panet Amos , Wolf Dana G. , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
NK cells are innate lymphocytes that participate in many immune processes encompassing cancer, bacterial and fungal infection, autoimmunity, and even pregnancy and that specialize in antiviral defense. NK cells express inhibitory and activating receptors and kill their targets when activating signals overpower inhibitory signals. The NK cell inhibitory receptors include a uniquely diverse array of proteins named killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), the CD94 family, and the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family. The NK cell inhibitory receptors recognize mostly major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) proteins. Zika virus has recently emerged as a major threat due to its association with birth defects and its pandemic potential. How Zika virus interacts with the immune system, and especially with NK cells, is unclear. Here we show that Zika virus infection is barely sensed by NK cells, since little or no increase in the expression of activating NK cell ligands was observed following Zika infection. In contrast, we demonstrate that Zika virus infection leads to the upregulation of MHC class I proteins and consequently to the inhibition of NK cell killing. Mechanistically, we show that MHC class I proteins are upregulated via the RIGI-IRF3 pathway and that this upregulation is mediated via beta interferon (IFN-β). Potentially, countering MHC class I upregulation during Zika virus infection could be used as a prophylactic treatment against Zika virus.

IMPORTANCE
NK cells are innate lymphocytes that recognize and eliminate various pathogens and are known mostly for their role in controlling viral infections. NK cells express inhibitory and activating receptors, and they kill or spare their targets based on the integration of inhibitory and activating signals. Zika virus has recently emerged as a major threat to humans due to its pandemic potential and its association with birth defects. The role of NK cells in Zika virus infection is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that Zika virus infection is almost undetected by NK cells, as evidenced by the fact that the expression of activating ligands for NK cells is not induced following Zika infection. We identified a mechanism whereby Zika virus sensing via the RIGI-IRF3 pathway resulted in IFN-β-mediated upregulation of MHC-I molecules and inhibition of NK cell activity. Countering MHC class I upregulation and boosting NK cell activity may be employed as prophylactic measures to combat Zika virus infection.
IRF9 Prevents CD8
+
T Cell Exhaustion in an Extrinsic Manner during Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Huber Magdalena , Suprunenko Tamara , Ashhurst Thomas , Marbach Felix , Raifer Hartmann , Wolff Svenja , Strecker Thomas , Viengkhou Barney , Jung So Ri , Obermann Hannah-Lena , Bauer Stefan , Xu Haifeng C. , Lang Philipp A. , Tom Adomati , Lang Karl S. , King Nicholas J. C. , Campbell Iain L. , Hofer Markus J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Effective CD8
+
T cell responses play an important role in determining the course of a viral infection. Overwhelming antigen exposure can result in suboptimal CD8
+
T cell responses, leading to chronic infection. This altered CD8
+
T cell differentiation state, termed exhaustion, is characterized by reduced effector function, upregulation of inhibitory receptors, and altered expression of transcription factors. Prevention of overwhelming antigen exposure to limit CD8
+
T cell exhaustion is of significant interest for the control of chronic infection. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) is a component of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling downstream of the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR). Using acute infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain Armstrong, we show here that IRF9 limited early LCMV replication by regulating expression of interferon-stimulated genes and IFN-I and by controlling levels of IRF7, a transcription factor essential for IFN-I production. Infection of IRF9- or IFNAR-deficient mice led to a loss of early restriction of viral replication and impaired antiviral responses in dendritic cells, resulting in CD8
+
T cell exhaustion and chronic infection. Differences in the antiviral activities of IRF9- and IFNAR-deficient mice and dendritic cells provided further evidence of IRF9-independent IFN-I signaling. Thus, our findings illustrate a CD8
+
T cell-extrinsic function for IRF9, as a signaling factor downstream of IFNAR, in preventing overwhelming antigen exposure resulting in CD8
+
T cell exhaustion and, ultimately, chronic infection.

IMPORTANCE
During early viral infection, overwhelming antigen exposure can cause functional exhaustion of CD8
+
T cells and lead to chronic infection. Here we show that the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) plays a decisive role in preventing CD8
+
T cell exhaustion. Using acute infection of mice with LCMV strain Armstrong, we found that IRF9 limited early LCMV replication by regulating expression of interferon-stimulated genes and
Irf7
, encoding a transcription factor crucial for type I interferon (IFN-I) production, as well as by controlling the levels of IFN-I. Infection of IRF9-deficient mice led to a chronic infection that was accompanied by CD8
+
T cell exhaustion due to defects extrinsic to T cells. Our findings illustrate an essential role for IRF9, as a mediator downstream of IFNAR, in preventing overwhelming antigen exposure causing CD8
+
T cell exhaustion and leading to chronic viral infection.
Basal-A Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Selectively Rely on RNA Splicing for Survival
Authors: Chan Stefanie , Sridhar Praveen , Kirchner Rory , Lock Ying Jie , Herbert Zach , Buonamici Silvia , Smith Peter , Lieberman Judy , Petrocca Fabio 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor. To identify shared and selective vulnerabilities of basal-like TNBC, the most common TNBC subtype, a directed siRNA lethality screen was performed in 7 human breast cancer cell lines, focusing on 154 previously identified dependency genes of 1 TNBC line. Thirty common dependency genes were identified, including multiple proteasome and RNA splicing genes, especially those associated with the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex (e.g., PRPF8, PRPF38A). PRPF8 or PRPF38A knockdown or the splicing modulator E7107 led to widespread intronic retention and altered splicing of transcripts involved in multiple basal-like TNBC dependencies, including protein homeostasis, mitosis, and apoptosis. E7107 treatment suppressed the growth of basal-A TNBC cell line and patient-derived basal-like TNBC xenografts at a well-tolerated dose. The antitumor response was enhanced by adding the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Thus, inhibiting both splicing and the proteasome might be an effective approach for treating basal-like TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2849–61. ©2017 AACR.