bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flagellar membrane fusion and protein exchange in trypanosomes; a new form of cell-cell communication?
Authors: Imhof Simon , Fragoso Cristina , Hemphill Andrew , von Schubert Conrad , Li Dong , Legant Wesley , Betzig Eric , Roditi Isabel 
Published: April 2016

Diverse structures facilitate direct exchange of proteins between cells, including plasmadesmata in plants and tunnelling nanotubes in bacteria and higher eukaryotes. Here we describe a new mechanism of protein transfer, flagellar membrane fusion, in the unicellular parasiteTrypanosoma brucei. When fluorescently tagged trypanosomes were co-cultured, a small proportion of double-positive cells were observed. The formation of double-positive cells was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium and was enhanced by placing cells in medium supplemented with fresh bovine serum. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that double-positive cells arose by bidirectional protein exchange in the absence of nuclear transfer. Furthermore, super-resolution microscopy showed that this process occurred in ≤1 minute, the limit of temporal resolution in these experiments. Both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins could be transferred provided they gained access to the flagellum. Intriguingly, a component of the RNAi machinery (Argonaute) was able to move between cells, raising the possibility that small interfering RNAs are transported as cargo. Transmission electron microscopy showed that shared flagella contained two axonemes and two paraflagellar rods bounded by a single membrane. In some cases flagellar fusion was partial and interactions between cells were transient. In other cases fusion occurred along the entire length of the flagellum, was stable for several hours and might be irreversible. Fusion did not appear to be deleterious for cell function: paired cells were motile and could give rise to progeny while fused. The motile flagella of unicellular organisms are related to the sensory cilia of higher eukaryotes, raising the possibility that protein transfer between cells via cilia or flagella occurs more widely in nature.
dbVar structural variant cluster set for data analysis and variant comparison
Authors: Phan Lon , Hsu Jeffrey , Tri Le Quang Minh , Willi Michaela , Mansour Tamer , Kai Yan , Garner John , Lopez John , Busby Ben 
Published: April 2016

dbVar houses over 3 million submitted structural variants (SSV) from 120 human studies including copy number variations (CNV), insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations, and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Users can submit multiple SSVs to dbVAR that are presumably identical, but were ascertained by different platforms and samples, to calculate whether the variant is rare or common in the population and allow for cross validation. However, because SSV genomic location reporting can vary – including fuzzy locations where the start and/or end points are not precisely known – analysis, comparison, annotation, and reporting of SSVs across studies can be difficult. This project was initiated by the Structural Variant Comparison Group for the purpose of generating a non-redundant set of genomic regions defined by counts of concordance for all human SSVs placed on RefSeq assembly GRCh38 (RefSeq accession GCF_000001405.26). We intend that the availability of these regions, called structural variant clusters (SVCs), will facilitate the analysis, annotation, and exchange of SV data and allow for simplified display in genomic sequence viewers for improved variant interpretation. Sets of SVCs were generated by variant type for each of the 120 studies as well as for a combined set across all studies. Starting from 3.64 million SSVs, 2.5 million and 3.4 million non-redundant SVCs with count >=1 were generated by variant type for each study and across all studies, respectively. In addition, we have developed utilities for annotating, searching, and filtering SVC data in GVF format for computing summary statistics, exporting data for genomic viewers, and annotating the SVC using external data sources.
Scaling observations of surface waves in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Smith Madison , Thomson Jim 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice cover affects surface wave growth across all scales. Here, in situ measurements of waves, observed from freely-drifting buoys during the 2014 open water season, are interpreted using open water distances determined from satellite ice products and wind forcing time series measured in situ with the buoys. A significant portion of the wave observations were found to be limited by open water distance (fetch) when the wind duration was sufficient for the conditions to be considered stationary. The scaling of wave energy and frequency with open water distance demonstrated the indirect effects of ice cover on regional wave evolution. Waves in partial ice cover could be similarly categorized as distance-limited by applying the same open water scaling to determine an ‘effective fetch’. The process of local wave generation in ice appeared to be a strong function of the ice concentration, wherein the ice cover severely reduces the effective fetch. The wave field in the Beaufort Sea is thus a function of the sea ice both locally, where wave growth primarily occurs in the open water between floes, and regionally, where the ice edge may provide a more classic fetch limitation. Observations of waves in recent years may be indicative of an emerging trend in the Arctic Ocean, where we will observe increasing wave energy with decreasing sea ice extent.
First report and spore ultrastructure of Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) from Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey
Authors: Yaman Mustafa , Pınar Güngör F. , Gonca Güner Beyza , Radek Renate , Linde Andreas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study describes the first isolation and characterization of
Evaluation of immuno diagnostic assay for the exposure of stage specific filarial infection
Authors: Ravishankaran Rajendran , Shridharan Radhika Nagamangalam , Vishal Lawrence Ansel , Meenakshisundaram Sankaranarayanan , Karande Anjali Anoop , Kaliraj Perumal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is a debilitating diseases caused by filarial parasitic nematodes. The infection may be acquired in childhood but the symptoms become apparent only in later life. To evaluate the success of any intervention, sensitive diagnostics were used to identify infection among endemic normals that are likely to develop microfilaremia in due course of time. Capture assay was standardized using the recombinant protein
CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahasan Syed Ali , Valero M. Adela , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Islam Mohammad Taohidul , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Hussain Mondal Mohammad Motahar , Peixoto Raquel V. , Berinde Lavinia , Panova Miroslava , Mas-Coma Santiago 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by two trematode species,
Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from white yaks in China
Authors: Song Guang-Yao , Qin Si-Yuan , Zhao Guang-Hui , Zhu Xing-Quan , Zhou Dong-Hui , Song Ming-Xin 
Published: April 2016

Abstractis one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals, including companion animals, livestock and wildlife. To date, the information about the prevalence and molecular characterization of
Dynamics of Theileria orientalis genotype population in cattle in a year-round grazing system
Authors: Masatani Tatsunori , Yoshihara Shunpei , Matsubara Atsuko , Gotoh Takafumi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Tanaka Tetsuya , Andoh Masako , Endo Yasuyuki , Matsuo Tomohide 
Published: April 2016

Abstractis a tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasite, and infection with this parasite is one of the most important diseases for grazing cattle. Co-infection of cattle with different genotypes of
Growth and non-regular employment
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroaki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe share of non-regular employment has been increasing in many developed countries during the past two decades. The objective of this paper is to study a cause of the upward trend in non-regular employment by focusing on productivity growth. Data from Japan shows that the slowdown in productivity growth increases both unemployment and the proportion of non-regular workers to total employed workers. In order to study the impact of long-run productivity growth on unemployment and non-regular employment, I develop a search and matching model with disembodied technological progress and two types of jobs, regular and non-regular jobs. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the slowdown in productivity growth increases the share of non-regular employment and the unemployment rate, which is consistent with empirical facts.
Evaluating and Reducing the Envelope Fluctuations of OFDM Signals Based on Distortion Prediction
Authors: Zhang Xiangyin , Zhu Xiaodong , Tang Youxi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with large envelope fluctuations are prone to be affected by power amplifier (PA), resulting in degradation of system performance. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and cubic metric (CM) are commonly used as the reduction criteria of envelope fluctuations of OFDM signals. However, our analysis shows that minimizing the PAPR or CM does not necessarily mean the optimization of system performance, since both metrics are inadequate to quantify the distortion in nonlinear OFDM transmission. In this paper, we fully discuss the effects of PA nonlinearity on OFDM signals and propose a new metric called distortion component metric (DCM), which is closely related to the nonlinear distortion caused by the PA. We compare the system performance when several metrics are respectively used as the reduction criterion for the selective mapping scheme. It is shown that in the presence of memoryless or memory PA, the usage of DCM can provide better inband and out-of-band performance than PAPR and CM.
Physical activity and fitness of adults aged 20–59 years
Authors: Jopkiewicz Andrzej , Gawron Jacek , Nowak Stanisław 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of the study was to check whether and to what extent leisure-time physical activity and commuting activity constitute a factor differentiating physical fitness in a selected group of females and males aged 20-59 years.MethodsThe study was performed in the Świętokrzyskie region of Poland in the spring of 2010. The sample included 1032 adults (517 females and 515 males) employed and at the same time completing extramural education or attending vocational improvement programs. Four age groups were delineated (20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59). A self-report questionnaire assessed physical activity level whereas physical fitness was determined by tests assessing handgrip strength, upper (dynamic) and lower (explosive) extremity strength, agility, hand movement speed, and endurance.ResultsA significant relationship was found between leisure-time physical activity and all the performance-based measures in both females and males. With regard to commuting activity, statistically significant relationships were observed only in the females with regard to handgrip strength, lower extremity strength and endurance.ConclusionsA significant positive relationship between leisure-time physical activity and physical fitness was demonstrated in both females and males aged 20-59 years while commuting activity should significant correlations only in females.
Sex differences in limb and joint stiffness in recreational runners
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Shore Hannah Frances , Taylor Paul J. , Atkins Stephen 
Published: April 2016

PurposeFemale runners are known to be at greater risk from chronic running injuries than age-matched males, although the exact mechanisms are often poorly understood. The aim of the current investigation was to determine if female recreational runners exhibit distinct limb and joint stiffness characteristics in relation to their male counterparts.MethodsFourteen male and fourteen female runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m • s<sup>-1</sup>. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Measures of limb and joint stiffness were calculated as a function of limb length and joint moments divided by the extent of limb and joint excursion. All stiffness and joint moment parameters were normalized to body mass. Sex differences in normalized limb and knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests.ResultsThe results indicate that normalized limb (male = 0.18 ± 0.07, female = 0.37 ± 0.10 kN • kg • m<sup>-1</sup>) and knee stiffness (male = 5.59 ± 2.02, female = 7.34 ± 1.78 Nm • kg • rad<sup>-1</sup>) were significantly greater in female runners.ConclusionsOn the basis that normalized knee and limb stiffness were shown to be significantly greater in female runners, the findings from the current investigation may provide further insight into the aetiology of the distinct injury patterns observed between sexes.
Switching LPV Control with Double-Layer LPV Model for Aero-Engines
Authors: Tang Lili , Huang Jinquan , Pan Muxuan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo cover the whole range of operating conditions of aero-engine, a double-layer LPV model is built so as to take into account of the variability due to the flight altitude, Mach number and the rotational speed. With this framework, the problem of designing LPV state-feedback robust controller that guarantees desired bounds on both
Protein Crowding within the Postsynaptic Density Can Impede the Escape of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Li Tuo P. , Song Yu , MacGillavry Harold D. , Blanpied Thomas A. , Raghavachari Sridhar 
Published: April 2016

Mechanisms regulating lateral diffusion and positioning of glutamate receptors within the postsynaptic density (PSD) determine excitatory synaptic strength. Scaffold proteins in the PSD are abundant receptor binding partners, yet electron microscopy suggests that the PSD is highly crowded, potentially restricting the diffusion of receptors regardless of binding. However, the contribution of macromolecular crowding to receptor retention remains poorly understood. We combined experimental and computational approaches to test the effect of synaptic crowding on receptor movement and positioning in Sprague Dawley rat hippocampal neurons. We modeled AMPA receptor diffusion in synapses where the distribution of scaffold proteins was determined from photoactivated localization microscopy experiments, and receptor–scaffold association and dissociation rates were adjusted to fit single-molecule tracking and fluorescence recovery measurements. Simulations predicted that variation of receptor size strongly influences the fractional synaptic area the receptor may traverse, and the proportion that may exchange in and out of the synapse. To test the model experimentally, we designed a set of novel transmembrane (TM) probes. A single-pass TM protein with one PDZ binding motif concentrated in the synapse as do AMPARs yet was more mobile there than the much larger AMPAR. Furthermore, either the single binding motif or an increase in cytoplasmic bulk through addition of a single GFP slowed synaptic movement of a small TM protein. These results suggest that both crowding and binding limit escape of AMPARs from the synapse. Moreover, tight protein packing within the PSD may modulate the synaptic dwell time of many TM proteins important for synaptic function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSmall alterations to the distribution within synapses of key transmembrane proteins, such as receptors, can dramatically change synaptic strength. Indeed, many diseases are thought to unbalance neural circuit function in this manner. Processes that regulate this in healthy synapses are unclear, however. By combining computer simulations with imaging methods that examined protein dynamics at multiple scales in space and time, we showed that both steric effects and protein–protein binding each regulate the mobility of receptors in the synapse. Our findings extend our knowledge of the synapse as a crowded environment that counteracts molecular diffusion, and support the idea that both molecular collisions and biochemical binding can be involved in the regulation of neural circuit performance.
Background Selection in Partially Selfing Populations
Authors: Roze Denis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSelf-fertilizing species often present lower levels of neutral polymorphism than their outcrossing relatives. Indeed, selfing automatically increases the rate of coalescence per generation, but also enhances the effects of background selection and genetic hitchhiking by reducing the efficiency of recombination. Approximations for the effect of background selection in partially selfing populations have been derived previously, assuming tight linkage between deleterious alleles and neutral loci. However, loosely linked deleterious mutations may have important effects on neutral diversity in highly selfing populations. In this article, I use a general method based on multilocus population genetics theory to express the effect of a deleterious allele on diversity at a linked neutral locus in terms of moments of genetic associations between loci. Expressions for these genetic moments at equilibrium are then computed for arbitrary rates of selfing and recombination. An extrapolation of the results to the case where deleterious alleles segregate at multiple loci is checked using individual-based simulations. At high selfing rates, the tight linkage approximation underestimates the effect of background selection in genomes with moderate to high map length; however, another simple approximation can be obtained for this situation and provides accurate predictions as long as the deleterious mutation rate is not too high.
Biomass distribution and allocation in diploid potato varieties (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.)
Authors: Saldaña V. Tatiana M. , Patiño Jenniffer A. , Cotes-Torres José Miguel 
Published: April 2016

It is necessary to study the photosynthate distribution pattern and allocation in Guaneña and Latina potato varieties, which come from the Colombia variety and are relatively new in agriculture, for potato crops in Colombia. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution behavior of dry matter among the organs that make up the potato plant in order to determine the key moments in the crop cycle, where the filling of the tubers takes place, and to establish the pattern of biomass distribution in these varieties. Three consecutive experiments were performed at the "EstaciónAgraria Paysandú" in Santa Elena (Medellin - Antioquia), at 2,538 m a.s.l. with average temperatures of 13.6, 14.6 and 13.81°C. The field trials were established under a random complete blocks design with a 3x2 factorial layout and five replications. The first factor corresponded to the potato varieties and the second factor corresponded to the two fertilization levels: 7 and 21 g of fertilizer per planting site, representing 259.25 and 777.77 kg of fertilizer per ha. The higher fertilizer dose is the one normally used by farmers. An NPK fertilizer compound (10 - 20 - 20 - 5(S)) was used. There were 30 experiment units with an area of 18.27 m2 (seven 2.7 m furrows separated by 0.90 m); the distance between the plants was 0.30 m, for a density of 37,037 planting sites per ha. Weekly samplings were taken, a whole plant per experiment unit. The direct measuring evaluated variables for the dry weights of each organ, which were used to obtain curves and the distribution pattern. The development time was evaluated in accumulated growing degree-days and threshold temperatures of 2 and 29°C were used. In all of the varieties and the two fertilization treatments, most of the assimilates in the early stages of the cycle were concentrated in the roots, leaves and stems; once the tuber formation started, the leaves and stems started to allocate dry matter towards the filling of the accumulation organs.
Yield reduction and arsenic accumulation in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in an arsenic contaminated soil
Authors: Haque Md. Nazmul , Ali Md. Hazrat , Roy Tuhin Suvra , Masum Sheikh Muhammad , Chowdhury Imtiaz Faruk 
Published: April 2016

The different levels of arsenic (As) had a significant effect on the yield, yield reduction and As accumulation of different potato varieties. The yield was negatively affected by the As contamination and decreased with the increasing As levels in the soil, but remained statistically similar up to 25 mg kg-1 soil of As and thereafter drastically decreased with the increasing As levels. The yield reduction (%) and accumulation of As in the tuber peels and flesh increased with the increasing As levels. Among the fourteen potato varieties, 'Felsina' had the maximum yield and showed the lowest percentage of yield reduction; 'Jam alu' and 'Cardinal' accumulated the least amount of As in their peels and flesh, respectively. Among the treatment combinations, 'Felsina' cultivated in an As-free soil had the highest yield/plant (454.8 g fresh weight). 'Laura' grown in 25 mg kg-1 soil of As showed the lowest yield reduction (%). Although 'Jam alu' and 'Cardinal' produced a slightly lower yield compared to some other varieties, these two varieties accumulated the least amount of As, both in the peels and flesh, when grown in 25 mg kg-1 soil of As.
Evidence of gene flow between transgenic and non-transgenic maize in Colombia
Authors: Chaparro-Giraldo Alejandro , Blanco M. Jennifer Teresa , López-Pazos Silvio Alejandro 
Published: April 2016

Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop worldwide and is essential for industry. Many transgenic cultivars of maize have been developed over the years from this species, producing cultivars resistant to herbicides and insects, among other things. However, little is known about the gene f low processes that affect maize fields in Colombia, which is near the center of diversity for cultivated maize. We analyzed the gene f low phenomenon of 60 randomly chosen plots of maize, including farmer field landraces or other conventional varieties such as non-transgenic hybrids in Valle de San Juan (Colombia) using Inmunostrip®, PCR and ELISA tests on leaves (seed gene f low) and seeds (pollen gene f low). more than 88% of the plots were positive with the Inmunostrip® and PCR tests (35s promoter, Nos terminator and cry1F gene), using the leaves, while the remaining seven plots (12%) were positive for transgenic sequences in the seeds. The results indicated a significant level of overall transgene existence, which is consistent with gene f low from transgenic events. All of the field types (conventional maize, buffer zones, refuge, and Colombian landraces) showed evidence of a transgene presence. There are many problems that could increase the gene f low potential in Valle de San Juan, such as little respect for regulations (Colombian Decree 4525 on transgenic crops and biosafety), distance between transgenic and non-transgenic maize or use of refuge and/or buffer zones, high seed reuse and exchange and low technical assistance. Every policy decision must be made in light of scientific standards of judgment.