bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conservation framework for the Critically Endangered endemic species of the Caribbean palmCoccothrinax
Authors: Jestrow Brett , Peguero Brígido , Jiménez Francisco , Verdecia Raúl , González-Oliva Lisbet , Moya Celio E. , Cinea William , Griffith M. Patrick , Meerow Alan W. , Maunder Mike , Francisco-Ortega Javier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith 30 threatened species (14 categorized as Critically Endangered and 16 as Endangered, sensu IUCN),Coccothrinax(c. 54 species) is the flagship palm genus for conservation in the Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot.Coccothrinaxhas its centre of taxonomic diversity in these islands, with c. 51 endemic species. We present a conservation framework for the 14 Critically Endangered species, found in Cuba, Haiti or the Dominican Republic. Only two species (C. jimenezii,C. montana) occur in more than one country (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Immediate threats include oil drilling and nickel mining, intrusion of saline water into soil, urban and agricultural development, low population recruitment, uncontrolled fires, interspecific hybridization, and unsustainable ethnobotanical practices.Coccothrinax bermudezii,C. borhidiana,C. crinitassp.crinita,C. leonisandC. spissaare not conserved in protected areas.Coccothrinax bermudezii,C. jimenezii,C. leonisandC. nipensisare not part of ex situ collections. Based on results from a conservation project targetingC. jimenezii, we recommend international cooperation between the three range states to implement integrative conservation management plans, plant exploration initiatives, taxonomic revisions, outreach, and fundraising. The ultimate aim of this review is to provide baseline information that will develop conservation synergy among relevant parties working onCoccothrinaxconservation in Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Such collaborations could also benefit through partnerships with botanists working in other countries.
Living arrangements of older persons in 1987–2035 in Finland: trends by age, sex and educational attainment
Authors: MARTIKAINEN PEKKA , MURPHY MIKE , MOUSTGAARD HETA , MIKKONEN JANNE 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTChanges in household structure may have a major impact on the future wellbeing of older people. We evaluate changes in living arrangements of 65+ Finnish men and women from 1987 to 2011 and project living arrangements to 2035 by education level. We use an 11 per cent longitudinal sample of Finns drawn from the population registration data. We estimate proportions in various living arrangements and multi-state life table estimates of years lived in particular states. Projections are based on dynamic transition probability forecasts with constant and changing rates. We show that women more than men tend to live alone at older ages. These proportions are likely to start to decline slowly among women, particularly at 80+, but increase or stabilise among men. Apart from living with a marital or co-habiting partner, other living arrangements are growing increasingly rare. The number of basic educated older people is declining rapidly. Educational differences in living arrangements are modest among women, but among men living with a partner is more common among the higher educated. Future living arrangements of older people are strongly determined by past partnership behaviour and future changes in mortality. If life expectancy differences between men and women continue to converge, so will sex differences in the remaining years of life spent living with a partner.
BritishEscherichia coliO157 in Cattle Study (BECS): to determine the prevalence ofE. coliO157 in herds with cattle destined for the food chain
Authors: HENRY M. K. , TONGUE S. C. , EVANS J. , WEBSTER C. , McKENDRICK I. J. , MORGAN M. , WILLETT A. , REEVES A. , HUMPHRY R. W. , GALLY D. L. , GUNN G. J. , CHASE-TOPPING M. E. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYEscherichia coliO157 are zoonotic bacteria for which cattle are an important reservoir. Prevalence estimates forE. coliO157 in British cattle for human consumption are over 10 years old. A new baseline is needed to inform current human health risk. The BritishE. coliO157 in Cattle Study (BECS) ran between September 2014 and November 2015 on 270 farms across Scotland and England & Wales. This is the first study to be conducted contemporaneously across Great Britain, thus enabling comparison between Scotland and England & Wales. Herd-level prevalence estimates forE. coliO157 did not differ significantly for Scotland (0·236, 95% CI 0·166–0·325) and England & Wales (0·213, 95% CI 0·156–0·283) (P= 0·65). The majority of isolates were verocytotoxin positive. A higher proportion of samples from Scotland were in the super-shedder category, though there was no difference between the surveys in the likelihood of a positive farm having at least one super-shedder sample.E. coliO157 continues to be common in British beef cattle, reaffirming public health policy that contact with cattle and their environments is a potential infection source.
Parenting practices in middle childhood mediate the relation between growing up with a parent having bipolar disorder and offspring psychopathology from childhood into early adulthood
Authors: Iacono Vanessa , Beaulieu Leah , Hodgins Sheilagh , Ellenbogen Mark A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) are at high risk for developing mental disorders. In addition to genetic factors, environmental risk is purported to be associated with these negative outcomes. However, few studies have examined this relation. Using concurrent and longitudinal data, we examined if support, structure, and control provided by parents in middle childhood mediated the relation between having a parent with or without bipolar disorder, and offspring mental health. The sample included 145 offspring (77 OBD, 68 controls) aged 4 to 14 years and their parents. Parent and teacher ratings of child behavior were collected, and diagnostic assessments were conducted in offspring 12 years later (n = 101). Bootstrapping analyses showed that low levels of structure mediated the relation between having a parent with bipolar disorder and elevated internalizing and externalizing difficulties during middle childhood. For the longitudinal outcomes, parental control emerged as the strongest mediator of the relation between parents’ bipolar disorder and offspring psychopathology. Suboptimal childrearing may have different immediate and enduring consequences on mental health outcomes in the OBD. Parental structure has robust effects on emotional and behavioral problems in middle childhood, while levels of control promote psychological adjustment in the OBD as they mature.
Fission, forking and fine tuning
Authors: LANGLOIS RICHARD N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDoes innovation proceed from the top down or the bottom up? This is a crucial question for those who think about the sources of economic growth and especially for those who think about policies and institutions to promote innovation. The answer lies in part with the structure of the existing system of production and the array of assets that an innovation would displace, especially on the extent of complementarity and modularity in that structure. But it also depends on institutions. This paper argues for the centrality of decision rights to the process of innovation. Especially if it takes place in a systemic, non-modular way, innovation may require unified decision rights, often implying integrated control of complementary stages of production, in order to overcome the dynamic transaction costs of change. But the processes of subdivision, differentiation, and learning – the processes of fission, forking, and fine tuning – may also require changes in decision rights in order to overcome dynamic transaction costs. I illustrate these points with a case study of three generations of an American family of inventor-entrepreneurs in electricity and electronics.
Split-Second Trustworthiness Detection From Faces in an Economic	Game
Authors: De Neys Wim , Hopfensitz Astrid , Bonnefon Jean-François 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Economic interactions often imply to gauge the trustworthiness of others. Recent studies showed that when making trust decisions in economic games, people have some accuracy in detecting trustworthiness from the facial features of unknown partners. Here we provide evidence that this face-based trustworthiness detection is a fast and intuitive process by testing its performance at split-second levels of exposure. Participants played a Trust game, in which they made decisions whether to trust another player based on their picture. In two studies, we manipulated the exposure time of the picture. We observed that trustworthiness detection remained better than chance for exposure times as short as 100 ms, although it disappeared with an exposure time of 33 ms. We discuss implications for ongoing debates on the use of facial inferences for social and economic decisions.
Ultrathin high band gap solar cells with improved efficiencies from the world’s oldest photovoltaic material
Authors: Todorov Teodor K. , Singh Saurabh , Bishop Douglas M. , Gunawan Oki , Lee Yun Seog , Gershon Talia S. , Brew Kevin W. , Antunez Priscilla D. , Haight Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelenium was used in the first solid state solar cell in 1883 and gave early insights into the photoelectric effect that inspired Einstein’s Nobel Prize work; however, the latest efficiency milestone of 5.0% was more than 30 years ago. The recent surge of interest towards high-band gap absorbers for tandem applications led us to reconsider this attractive 1.95 eV material. Here, we show completely redesigned selenium devices with improved back and front interfaces optimized through combinatorial studies and demonstrate record open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 970 mV and efficiency of 6.5% under 1 Sun. In addition, Se devices are air-stable, non-toxic, and extremely simple to fabricate. The absorber layer is only 100 nm thick, and can be processed at 200 ˚C, allowing temperature compatibility with most bottom substrates or sub-cells. We analyze device limitations and find significant potential for further improvement making selenium an attractive high-band-gap absorber for multi-junction device applications.
Network Analysis of Drug–target Interactions: A Study on FDA-approved New Molecular Entities Between 2000 to 2015
Authors: Lin Hui-Heng , Zhang Le-Le , Yan Ru , Lu Jin-Jian , Hu Yuanjia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves new drugs every year. Drug targets are some of the most important interactive molecules for drugs, as they have a significant impact on the therapeutic effects of drugs. In this work, we thoroughly analyzed the data of small molecule drugs approved by the U.S. FDA between 2000 and 2015. Specifically, we focused on seven classes of new molecular entity (NME) classified by the anatomic therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification system. They were NMEs and their corresponding targets for the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nerve system, general anti-infective systemic, genito-urinary system and sex hormones, alimentary tract and metabolisms, and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. To study the drug–target interaction on the systems level, we employed network topological analysis and multipartite network projections. As a result, the drug–target relations of different kinds of drugs were comprehensively characterized and global pictures of drug–target, drug–drug, and target–target interactions were visualized and analyzed from the perspective of network models.
Characteristic analyses of a neural differentiation model from iPSC-derived neuron according to morphology, physiology, and global gene expression pattern
Authors: Kang Sai , Chen Xiaoxia , Gong Siyi , Yu Panpan , Yau SukYu , Su Zhenghui , Zhou Libing , Yu Jiandong , Pan Guangjin , Shi Lingling 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into neural progenitor cells (NPC) under proper conditions. NPC can be used as a model and is a useful tool for disease mechanism exploration and drug screening. However, the characteristics of the cells in various stages from NPC to functional neurons have not been fully described. This study investigated the characteristics of iPSC-derived NPCs during differentiation. Morphological characteristics of the NPCs, including soma area, neurite length, and the number of neurite branches, were examined on selected differentiation days. Physiological functions were assessed by recordings of sodium current, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC), and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC). Furthermore, gene expression patterns were assessed with RNA-seq. We found that NPCs derived from iPSCs can be differentiated into glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons. Cell growth peaked during differentiation day 7–12, as the soma area decreased after day 12, growth cone and the number of branches peaked at day 9 and decreased afterwards; whereas a functional synapse formed after day 23. RNA-seq analysis found that a differential expression pattern emerged by day 7. Overall, the study provides a framework for the differentiation process of hiPSC-derived NPCs.
Clinical importance of TERT overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with curative surgical resection in HBV endemic area
Authors: Yu Jeong Il , Choi Changhoon , Ha Sang Yun , Park Cheol-Keun , Kang So Young , Joh Jae-Won , Paik Seung Woon , Kim Seonwoo , Kim Minji , Jung Sang Hoon , Park Hee Chul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the associations between TERT overexpression and the clinicopathologic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 291 patients with HCC were enrolled. The site of first recurrence (anywhere in the liver) was classified as intrahepatic recurrence (IHR). Recurrence was then sub classified as either early or late IHR according to whether it was discovered within 2 years of resection, or after, respectively. TERT overexpression was not significantly correlated with previously recognized prognostic factors. During follow-up, early IHR occurred in 126 (63.6%) patients, while late IHR was detected in 59 patients among 145 patients who remained free of HCC recurrence for ≥ 2 years after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed late IHR was significantly correlated with TERT overexpression (P < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–4.72). Intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.001, HR 4.48, 95% CI 2.62–7.65) and TERT overexpression (P < 0.001, HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.28–2.45) were significant prognostic factors for IHR-free survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. TERT overexpression was the only significant prognostic factor for late IHR in HCC treated with curative resection. And, the statistical significance of TERT overexpression on late IHR was limited to HBsAg-positive patients.
Concomitant high expression of ERα36, EGFR and HER2 is associated with aggressive behaviors of papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Dai Yu-Jie , Qiu Yi-Bo , Jiang Rong , Xu Man , Zhao Le , Chen George G. , Liu Zhi-Min 
Published: September 2017

AbstractERα, ERβ, PR, ERα36, EGFR and HER2 mRNA and protein expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were examined by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein expression of ERα and PR were gradually increased and those of ERβ were gradually decreased from normal thyroid tissues to nodular hyperplasias (P < 0.05) and to PTCs (P < 0.05). However, the mRNA and protein expression of ERα36, EGFR and HER2 were only significantly increased in PTCs when compared with those in normal thyroid tissues (P < 0.001) and nodular hyperplasias (P < 0.001). There was some correlation between ERα, ERβ and PR, and between ERα36, EGFR and HER2 protein expression in PTCs. As for ERα, ERβ and PR, there was a significant positive correlation between ERα and PR, and a significant negative correlation between ERα and ERβ and between PR and ERβ protein expression. As for ERα36, EGFR and HER2, there was a significant positive correlation between ERα36, EGFR and HER2 protein expression in PTCs. Concomitant high expression of ERα36, EGFR and HER2 was strongly associated with aggressive behaviors including extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM) and high TNM stage in PTCs (P < 0.001).
Ultra-Broadband Nonlinearity Enhancement based on a Novel Graphene-Silicon Hybrid Waveguide: Structure Design and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Jin Qiang , Li Xibin , Chen Junfan , Gao Shiming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA graphene-silicon hybrid waveguide with a dielectric spacer is proposed to enhance the nonlinear response in ultra-wide wavelength range by applying graphene’s broadband highly nonlinear optical properties. The chemical potential of the graphene layer is tuned to satisfy the resonance condition and hence a low propagation loss is obtained. The dielectric spacer is used for avoiding additional free-carrier-absorption loss due to carrier interchange between the silicon core and the graphene layer. Aiming at the special waveguide structure with ultra-thin graphene layer, a full-vectorial theoretical model is developed to analyze its nonlinear properties. The waveguide dimensions are optimized in terms of the nonlinear parameter. The proposed hybrid waveguide exhibits high nonlinearity enhancement in an ultra-broad wavelength region covering near-infrared and mid-infrared bands. The conversion efficiency for a degenerate four-wave mixing process reaches −18.5 dB only with a pump power of 0.5 W and a waveguide length of tens of microns. In the wavelength range of 1.3–2.3 μm, the conversion efficiency can be kept stable by adopting suitable waveguide geometry and length. The corresponding 3-dB bandwidth can reach 40–110 nm for each fixed pump. The graphene-silicon hybrid waveguide has the potential to support chip-scale nonlinear applications in both near- and mid-infrared bands.
Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of Polyfluoroarenes with Allylic Pivalates
Authors: Jiang Xinpeng , Liu Yong , Zhang Lei , Chen Jinkang , Cheng Kang , Yu Chuanming 
Published: September 2017

An efficient 1,5-cyclooctadiene–PdCl2/dicyclohexyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (XPhos) catalytic system was developed for C–H allylation of polyfluoroarenes with allylic pivalates. The reactions showed excellent functional-group tolerance, good yields, and high regioselectivities. Mechanistic investigations supported a (π-allyl)palladium complex pathway through a directed oxidative addition of the allylic pivalate to palladium, followed by sequential nucleophilic attack by the polyfluorobenzene and reductive elimination. In a gram-scale reaction, a palladium loading of 0.5 mol% was enough to afford the required product in good yield.
Expression of Imprinted Genes Kcnq1 and Cdkn1c During the Course of Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Islet-like Cells in vitro
Authors: Liu Feng , yu-huan Peng , Qiang Li , Chanchan Liu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo study the effects of inducement on the expression of mouse embryonic stem cells SF1-G imprinted genes, Kcnq1 and Cdkn1c during the course of differentiation into islet-like cells in vitro. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated from pregnant mice embryos and fibroblast feeder cells were prepared by treating 3–5th generations MEFs with Mitomycin C. Moreover, mouse embryonic stem cells were induced to differentiate into islet-like cells directly. RT-PCR and Immunofluorescence staining were used to test the expression of islet cell-specific markers. Cells were collected at various stages throughout the differentiation process and the imprinted genes Kcnq1 and Cdkn1c were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (RT-PCR/RFLP). In the present study, we found that cells appear islet cell-specific gene expression. Furthermore, immunofluorescence shows us that the islet cell-specific hormone protein can be measured at stage, which confirms that the embryonic stem cells can be successfully induced into islet-like cells in vitro. RT-PCR/RFLP analysis showsthat imprinted genes Kcnq1 and Cdkn1c are biallelic expression in the differentiated cells, suggestive of loss of imprinting (LOI), while these genes demonstrate maternal monoallelic expression in the undifferentiated cells’ continued subculture; this marks the maintenance of imprinting (MOI). Our data indicate that mouse embryonic stem cells are induced into islet-like cells in vitro. The gene imprinting status of Kcnq1 and Cdkn1c may be changed in differentiated cells during the induction in vitro.
MS on the Rocks – Multiple Sklerose und therapeutisches Klettern
Authors: Kern Claudia 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungMultiple Sklerose-Betroffene profitieren trotz ihrer vielfältigen Beschwerden besonders von therapeutischen Sport- und Bewegungsangeboten. Neu in der Sporttherapie ist das therapeutische Klettern, das jeden Teilnehmer individuell fördern kann. Klinische Studien belegen den hohen Trainingseffekt. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau und die Wirkungsweise des therapeutischen Kletterns bei MS-Kranken und den wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund durch eine Pilotstudie. Abschließend zeigt er auf, wie die Qualität durch eine spezialisierte Weiterbildung an der TU München, gesichert wird.
Fasten und Ernährung bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Michalsen Andreas 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDas periodische und intermittierende Fasten sowie eine niedrig-glykämische ketogene Ernährung können sich positiv auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei Multipler Sklerose auswirken. Experimentelle Studien zeigen für das regelmäßige intermittierende Fasten eine kurative und präventive Wirkung auf MS und weitere neurodegenerative Erkrankungen wie M. Parkinson und Demenz. Experimentelle Studien zeigen bei MS unter ketogener Ernährung entzündungshemmende und neuroprotektive Wirkungen. Für die sichere klinische Einschätzung sind die Ergebnisse weiterer Studien abzuwarten. Patienten mit MS ist eine pflanzenbasierte, vegetarisch betonte Vollwerternährung zu empfehlen.Der Beitrag stellt die Studienergebnisse vor und erklärt, welche Lebensmittel Patienten mit MS bevorzugen bzw. zurückhaltend zu sich nehmen sollten.
The mental health of politicians
Authors: Weinberg Ashley 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article considers why mental health is important in our workplaces, including elected political positions on which the effective functioning of our democracy depends. It looks at the job of the politician and its particular challenges, and argues there is a need to ensure that working conditions for all occupations are positive, and why we need to include our elected representatives. The potential consequences for the effective functioning of democracy are also explored and reflections given on where we should we go from here. A recent UK government mantra “No health without mental health” means that some politicians are starting to recognize the value of our psychological well-being as much as that of our physical health—although we might argue this still is nowhere near enough. There seems a long way to go before the reality—and the funding—matches our hopes. Sure enough we all take responsibility for our well-being, but the psychological impact of our working and social environments is well known and governments ignoring this important aspect of our health and functioning in their policies on health and work risk compromising their nation’s competitiveness. Perhaps it does not help that as citizens we can be sceptical of the role of our politicians in making important decisions that shape the world in which we live, yet if we turn away from scrutinizing their behaviour we risk compounding the issue and compromising our own well-being too.