bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New spouse, same chores? The division of household labor in consecutive unions
Authors: Beblo Miriam , Solaz Anne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article investigates domestic sphere investments, that is, housework and childcare time, of spouses in two consecutive relationships and aims to identify potential sources of variation. Economic reasoning would predict a learning effect from one partnership to the next, and hence less specialization in the domestic sphere in the second relationship. Prevailing gender norms or institutions, on the contrary, may prevent such adjustments in the division of housework. In a fixed-effects regression analysis with the German Socio-Economic Panel, we compare time allocations of couples whose members experienced two consecutive partnerships from 1991 to 2012. Our results indicate that women’s and men’s successive matches differ from each other. Women and their new partners tend to reallocate time from housework to childcare while men’s individual domestic investment patterns remain similar across unions. Highly educated women conform most to the economic rationale by reducing their marital investments significantly in their next partnership.
Discriminative Ability for Adverse Outcomes After Surgical Management of Hip Fractures: A Comparison of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure, and Modified Frailty Index
Authors: Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Bovonratwet Patawut , Ibe Izuchukwu K. , Bohl Daniel D. , McLynn Ryan P. , Cui Jonathan J. , Baumgaertner Michael R. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), Elixhauser comorbidity measure (ECM), and modified frailty index (mFI) have been associated with mortality after hip fracture. The present study compares the clinically informative discriminative ability of CCI, ECM, and mFI, as well as demographic characteristics for predicting in-hospital adverse outcomes after surgical management of hip fractures.Methods:Patients undergoing hip fracture surgery were selected from the 2013 National Inpatient Sample. The discriminative ability of CCI, ECM, and mFI, as well as demographic factors for adverse outcomes were assessed using the area under the curve analysis from receiver operating characteristic curves. Outcomes included the occurrence of any adverse event, death, severe adverse events, minor adverse events, and extended hospital stay.Results:In total, 49,738 patients were included (mean age: 82 years). In comparison with CCI and mFI, ECM had the significantly largest discriminative ability for the occurrence of all outcomes. Among demographic factors, age had the sole or shared the significantly largest discriminative ability for all adverse outcomes except extended hospital stay. The best performing comorbidity index (ECM) outperformed the best performing demographic factor (age) for all outcomes.Conclusion:Among both comorbidity indices and demographic factors, the ECM had the best overall discriminative ability for adverse outcomes after surgical management of hip fractures. The use of this index in correctly identifying patients at risk for postoperative complications may help set appropriate patient expectations, assist in optimizing prophylaxis regimens for medical management, and adjust reimbursements. More widespread use of this measure for hip fracture studies may be appropriately considered.Level of Evidence:Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Outcomes of Ethics Consultations in Adult ICUs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Au Selena S. , Couillard Philippe , Roze des Ordons Amanda , Fiest Kirsten M. , Lorenzetti Dianne L. , Jette Nathalie 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
Clinical ethics consultation as a mechanism for supporting patients, family, and staff during ethically challenging situations has become standard of care. Despite this, there is a lack of consensus about the effectiveness of clinical ethics consultation consultation in the ICU. We performed a systematic review of outcomes associated with clinical ethics consultation within adult ICUs.

Data Sources:
We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from 1984 to May 2017.

Study Selection:
Two reviewers independently screened articles, assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimates of effect were calculated where possible. We screened 3,970 abstracts and reviewed 325 full-text articles of which 16 met all eligibility criteria.

Data Extraction:
We examined changes in processes and outcomes as a result of clinical ethics consultation in the ICU. Categories of outcomes included user perception, clinical decision, or conflict resolution and resource utilization.

Data Synthesis:
The use of clinical ethics consultation in the ICU was associated with positive user experience (383/435 found clinical ethics consultation helpful), although stress and disagreement with clinical ethics consultation recommendations was greater in a subset (113/431 surrogates and providers). Consensus for a clinical decision was more frequently achieved with clinical ethics consultation (odds ratio, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.01–16.55; p = 0.05). Clinical ethics consultation was associated with lower resource utilization including significantly decreased ICU length of stay (mean difference, –4.65 d; 95% CI, –8.86 to –0.44; p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Our review identified outcome-based assessment as the predominant measure used to report effectiveness of clinical ethics consultation consultations. In particular, clinical ethics consultation decreased ICU length of stay and increased family and healthcare provider satisfaction. However, using outcome measures as the primary endpoint may not reflect the original intent of the clinical ethics consultation service. Based on our review, we propose a list of process measures that may better capture the key domains of a quality clinical ethics consultation.
Effect of a Delayed Start to Oral Feeding on Feeding Performance and Physiological Responses in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: WANG Yu-Wen , HUNG Hsiao-Ying , LIN Chyi-Her , WANG Chi-Jane , LIN Yuh-Jyh , CHANG Ying-Ju 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
The efficient and safe oral feeding of preterm infants, an essential criterion for hospital discharge, is affected by neurodevelopmental maturation. However, the timing of initiating oral feeding and its relation to maturation, feeding performance, and physiological responses are unclear.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 1-week delay in the initiation of oral feeding on feeding performance, transition time, weight gain, and cardiorespiratory responses in preterm infants.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial, 40 infants with a gestational age at birth of less than 32 weeks were recruited. The control group (n = 18) began oral feeding when the infants were physiologically stable, whereas the experimental group (n = 22) began oral feeding 1 week later. Infant feeding performance, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured before, during, and after feeding on the first day of oral feeding and 3 days later. Daily weight gain was calculated by measuring body weight every morning, and transition time was calculated by counting the number of days from the initiation of oral feeding to the termination of tube feeding.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of feeding performance, weight gain, or postmenstrual age at the completion of full oral feeding. The transition time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. More infants in the control group experienced episodes of oxygen desaturation during feeding than in the experimental group.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
For infants with a postmenstrual age of greater than 32 weeks who are ready to initiate oral feeding, postponing oral bottle feeding for 1 week may be considered as an intervention to reduce physiological distress.
Basal Subnuclear Vacuolization, Armanni-Ebstein Lesions, Wischnewsky Lesions, and Elevated Vitreous Glucose and β-Hydroxybuyrate
Authors: Tse Rexson , Garland Jack , Kesha Kilak , Triggs Yvonne , Yap Zhi , Stables Simon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHypothermia and diabetic ketoacidosis are both potentially fatal conditions, which have historically been considered to have associated pathognomonic pathologies. Hypothermia and diabetic ketoacidosis share similar pathological mechanisms, which result in metabolic derangement, with increased post mortem vitreous glucose and β-hydroxybuyrate, and are able to exacerbate and precipitate one another. Although Wischnewsky lesions are associated with hypothermia, and Armanni-Ebstein lesions and basal subnuclear vacuolization are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a significant overlap between the pathological findings of these 2 conditions. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes who was found deceased in the middle of winter. Autopsy showed Wischnewsky lesions, Armanni-Ebstein lesions, and basal subnuclear vacuolization, together with elevated vitreous glucose and β-hydroxybuyrate. The cause of death was the combined effects of hypothermia and diabetic ketoacidosis. This case highlights the overlapping clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and pathology of these 2 conditions.
Functional Stroke Mimics: Incidence and Characteristics at a Primary Stroke Center in the Middle East
Authors: Wilkins Stacy Schantz , Bourke Paula , Salam Abdul , Akhtar Naveed , D'Souza Atlantic , Kamran Saadat , Bhutta Zain , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Approximately 30% of individuals who initially present with stroke are found to be stroke mimics (SM), with functional/psychological SM (FSM) accounting for up to 6.4% of all stroke presentations. Middle Eastern countries may have higher rates of somatization of emotional distress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of FSM at a large general hospital in the Middle East.

Methods
All patients presenting with an initial diagnosis of stroke from June 2015 to September 2016 were eligible for this study. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained from the hospital's stroke database. All SM and strokes were diagnosed by Joint Commission International–certified stroke program neurologists. SM was defined as any discharge diagnosis (other than acute stroke) for symptoms that prompted initial admission for suspected stroke. FSM were compared with medical stroke mimics (MSM) and strokes (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks).

Results
A total of 1961 patients were identified; 161 FSM (8.2%), 390 MSM (19.9%), and 1410 strokes (71.9%) (985 ischemic strokes, 196 transient ischemic attacks, 229 intracerebral hemorrhages). Admission with FSM was related to patients' nationality, with the highest frequency in Arabic (15.6%) and African (16.8%) patients. FSM patients were younger, more often female, and had fewer cardiovascular risk factors except for smoking compared with the strokes. FSM patients presented with more left-sided weakness and had more magnetic resonance imagings than the stroke and MSM groups. A total of 9.9% of FSM patients received thrombolysis versus only 0.5% of the MSM and 16.4% of ischemic strokes.

Conclusions
FSM frequencies varied by nationality, with Arab and African nationals being twice as prevalent. Stress, vulnerable status as expats, sociopolitical instability, and exposure to trauma are proposed as potential factors contributing to FSM.
Exploring and Evaluating Patient Safety Culture in a Community-Based Primary Care Setting
Authors: Desmedt Melissa , Bergs Jochen , Willaert Benjamin , Schrooten Ward , Vlayen Annemie , Hellings Johan , Claes Neree , Vandijck Dominique 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The primary aim was to measure patient safety culture in two home care services in Belgium (Flanders). In addition, variability based on respondents’ profession was examined.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted by administering the SCOPE–Primary Care questionnaire in two home care service organizations.

Results
In total, 1875 valid questionnaires were returned from 2930 employees, representing a response rate of 64%. The highest mean patient safety culture score was found for “organizational learning” (mean [SD] = 3.81 [0.53]), followed by “support and fellowship” (mean [SD] = 3.76 [0.61]), “open communication and learning from error” (mean [SD] = 3.73 [0.64]), and “patient safety management” (mean [SD] = 3.71 [0.60]). The lowest mean scores were found for “handover and teamwork” (mean [SD] = 3.28 [0.58]) and “adequate procedures and working conditions” (mean [SD] = 3.30 [0.56]). Moreover, managers/supervisors scored significantly higher on the dimensions “open communication and learning from error,” “adequate procedures and working conditions,” “patient safety management,” “support and fellowship,” and “organizational learning” than clinical and nonclinical staff.

Conclusions
In conclusion, organizational learning is perceived as most positive. However, large gaps remain in the continuity of care as “handover and teamwork” is perceived as the most negative safety culture dimension. With knowledge of the current patient safety culture, organizations can redesign processes or implement improvement strategies to avoid patient safety incidents and patient harm in the future.
A synthetic indicator of corruption for Latin America: a global vision
Authors: Cardenas Cardenas Gilberto , García Gamez Sofía , Salas Suarez Alvaro 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an overview of the phenomenon of corruption in Latin America and to propose a synthetic aggregate indicator to compress most of the statistical information available on corruption for Latin American countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The indicator of corruption has been obtained through factor analysis by applying the principal component methodology.

Findings
The authors have managed to obtain a single component that reproduces and synthesizes 86 per cent of all the information about corruption in Latin America gathered by prestigious institutions.

Research limitations/implications
The authors are aware that their study is not free from limitations. The first limitation is associated with the impossibility of incorporating information related to the phenomenon of corruption from the indicator called Latinobarómetro, as the economies of Cuba and Haiti (included in this research) are not part of the sample analyzed by that indicator. Second, this study reproduces and synthesizes 86 per cent of all available information by prestigious institutions about corruption in Latin America, and although this percentage is significant, it does not constitute 100 per cent.

Originality/value
This study has created a new indicator that gathers methodologies to measure corruption in Latin American countries.
Regional patent activity in Russia: does level of risks make a difference?
Authors: Ermasova Natalia , Ijose Olumide , Ermasov Sergey 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore empirically the linkages among level of economic, managerial, financial, criminal risks and patent activity in Russia. This paper examines the relationship between the economic, managerial, financial and criminal regional risks ratings, on the one hand, and patent activity, as measured by regional patent applications for inventions, on the other.Design/methodology/approachA random effect model was performed for a data sample of 83 regions, covering the period 2006-2010 in Russia.FindingsThe empirical results show that increased levels of regional economic risks are significantly associated with decrease in patent activity in Russia.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap within the literature and offers a unique analysis of regional risks and their impact on patent activity. The empirical results showed that economic risk ratings have had considerable negative impact on the patent activities on regional level in Russia.
Thermal stability analysis of passive components embedded into printed circuit boards
Authors: Stęplewski Wojciech , Dziedzic Andrzej , Janeczek Kamil , Araźna Aneta , Lipiec Krzysztof , Borecki Janusz , Serzysko Tomasz 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of embedded passives under changing temperature conditions. Influence of different temperature changes on the basic properties of embedded passives was analyzed. The main reason for these investigations was to determine functionality of passives for space application.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigations were based on the thin-film resistors made of Ni-P alloy, thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon-silver inks, embedded capacitors made of FaradFlex materials and embedded inductor made in various configurations. Prepared samples were examined under the influence of a constant elevated temperature (100, 130 or 160°C) in a long period of time (minimum of 30 h), thermal cycles (from −40 to +85°C) or thermal shocks (from −40 to +105°C or from −40 to +125°C).

Findings
The achieved results revealed that resistance drift became bigger when the samples were treated at a higher constant temperature. At the same time, no significant difference in change in electrical properties for 50 and 100 Ω resistors was noticed. For all the tests, resistance change was below 2 per cent regardless of a value of the tested resistors. Conducted thermal shock studies indicate that thin-film resistors, coils and some thick-film resistors are characterized by minor variations in basic parameters. Some of the inks may show considerable resistance variations with temperature changes. Significant changes were also exhibited by embedded capacitors.

Originality/value
The knowledge about the behavior of the operating parameters of embedded components considering environmental conditions allow for development of more complex systems with integrated printed circuit boards.
Figuratively speaking: of metaphor, simile and metonymy in marketing thought
Authors: Brown Stephen , Wijland Roel 
Published: February 2018

PurposeMuch has been written about metaphor in marketing. Much less has been written about simile and metonymy. It is widely assumed that they are types of metaphor. Some literary theorists see them as significantly different things. If this is the case, then there are implications for marketing theory and thought.Design/methodology/approachIn keeping with literary tradition, this paper comprises a wide-ranging reflective essay, not a tightly focussed empirical investigation. A combination of literature review and conceptual contemplation, it challenges convention by “reading against the grain”.FindingsThe essay reveals that, far from being part of metaphor’s supporting cast, simile and metonymy are stars in themselves. With the aid of three concise cases-in-point – relationship marketing (RM), the consumer odyssey (CO) and Kotler’s generic concept (GC) – the authors present an alternative interpretation of their conceptual contribution and continuing importance.Practical implicationsMarketing management is replete with metaphorical speculation (positioning, warfare, myopia and more). The shortcomings of such figures of speech are rarely spelled out, much less foregrounded. By raising figurative consciousness, marketing practice is furthered.Originality/valueAs similes and metonymies are rarely spoken about in marketing scholarship, the study starts a much-needed conversation. It raises the issue of marketing’s figurative foundations and, in so doing, offers further scope for future debate.
Understanding ethical consumers: willingness-to-pay by moral cause
Authors: Park Kendall Cox 
Published: February 2018

PurposeMoral issues such as environmental degradation and workers’ rights are no longer relegated to the political realm; today, they permeate the marketing of consumer products. Some consumer studies focus on organics, others on green goods and still others on fair trade products, but none include the full range of ethical consumption. This study, aims to investigate consumer willingness to pay for five distinct ethical narratives.Design/methodology/approachUsing original data from a national sample, this paper parses out five types of ethical narratives: fair trade, sustainable/green, American-made and two types of charitable partnerships. Using random assignment and an experimental design allows in isolating the effects of gender, age, education, income, political orientation and political involvement on how much consumers are willing to pay for each type of ethical product.FindingsThis survey experiment demonstrates that the fair trade narrative is the most valuable to consumers, followed by the charitable narratives. The two charitable narratives are universally appealing, whereas fair trade, green and American-made products appeal to three distinct groups of consumers. This paper demonstrates that there is not one sort of ethical shopper, but many.Practical/implicationsThis study examines what sorts of stories appeal to particular demographics. It will help socially and environmentally responsible companies better understand their target demographic and how to motivate their target audience.Originality/valuePrevious research yields conflicting findings about who values ethical products because each study focuses on a different form of ethical consumption. This study uses original data to investigate consumers’ valuations of five different types of ethical narratives. The results help in making sense of divergent findings in the literature and expand understanding of socially conscious shoppers.