bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast H3N3‐2σ$_\sigma$‐based compact ADI difference method for time fractional wave equations
Authors: Du Ruilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present paper, we derive a fast H3N3‐2‐based compact alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme for the time fractional wave equation in two‐dimensional spatial domains. The time fractional derivative involved in the equation is discretized by the H3N3‐2 formula combined with sum‐of‐exponential technique. The former was first proposed by Du et al., while the latter has become a widely used technique to reduce the computational cost in the processing of convolution integrals. The spatial discretization adopts the standard compact ADI method, which can ensure that the space can reach the fourth‐order accuracy without increasing the amount of computation. The numerical stability and convergence of the difference scheme are analyzed rigorously. As an auxiliary illustration, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the theoretical findings.
On the non-measurability of $$\omega $$-categorical Hrushovski constructions
Authors: Marimon Paolo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study $$\omega $$
ω
-categorical MS-measurable structures. Our main result is that a certain class of $$\omega $$
ω
-categorical Hrushovski constructions, supersimple of finite SU-rank is not MS-measurable. These results complement the work of Evans on a conjecture of Macpherson and Elwes. In constrast to Evans’ work, our structures may satisfy independent n-amalgamation for all n. We also prove some general results in the context of $$\omega $$
ω
-categorical MS-measurable structures. Firstly, in these structures, the dimension in the MS-dimension-measure can be chosen to be SU-rank. Secondly, non-forking independence implies a form of probabilistic independence in the measure. The latter follows from more general unpublished results of Hrushovski, but we provide a self-contained proof.
Aspirin in Children; are There Not Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Schranz Dietmar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dose-dependent in vitro effects of aspirin on platelet inhibition and predictors of non-responsiveness have led to the recommendation of significantly higher doses of aspirin (5 mg/kg/day) in newborns and infants. The results are inconsistent with the pharmacodynamic effects of clopidogrel in newborns, where approximately 30% (0.2 mg/kg/day) of the adult dose (75 mg/day) showed equally effective antiaggregative effects. Consequently, the optimal aspirin dosage remains to be determined. The administration to newborns with congenital heart defects needs to address treatment goals, while accounting for the intricate interactions between platelets and endothelium, as well as the unique aspects of surgical and interventional procedures.
Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration declines with climate warming in subalpine and alpine grassland soils
Authors: Abdalla Khatab , Schierling Larissa , Sun Yue , Schuchardt Max A. , Jentsch Anke , Deola Thomas , Wolff Peter , Kiese Ralf , Lehndorff Eva , Pausch Johanna , Meyer Nele 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWarming as a climate change phenomenon affects soil organic matter dynamics, especially in high elevation ecosystems. However, our understanding of the controls of soil organic matter mineralization and dynamics remains limited, particularly in alpine (above treeline) and subalpine (below treeline) grassland ecosystems. Here, we investigated how downslope (warming) and upslope (cooling) translocations, in a 5-years reciprocal transplanting experiment, affects soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), soil aggregation, and soil organic matter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) composition (C/N ratio). Downslope translocation of the alpine (2440 m a.s.l.) and subalpine (1850 m a.s.l.) to the lowland site (350 m a.s.l.) resulted in a temperature change during the growing seasons of + 4.4K and + 3.3K, respectively. Warming of alpine soils (+ 4.4K) reduced soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 32%, which was accompanied by a significant decrease of soil macroaggregates. Macroaggregate breakdown induced an increased respiration quotient (qCO2) by 27% following warming of alpine soils. The increase in qCO2 respiration was associated with a significant decrease (from 2.84 ± 0.05 to 2.46 ± 0.05) in Q10, and a change in soil organic matter composition (lower C/N ratios). Cooling did not show the opposite patterns to warming, implying that other mechanisms, such as plant and microbial community shifts and adaptation, were involved. This study highlights the important role of SOC degradability in regulating the temperature response of soil organic matter mineralization. To predict the adverse effect of warming on soil CO2 release and, consequently, its negative feedback on climate change, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of C storage and turnover is needed, especially at high elevations in the Alps that are particularly affected by rising temperatures.
Future aridity and drought risk for traditional and super-intensive olive orchards in Portugal
Authors: Freitas Teresa R. , Santos João A. , Paredes Paula , Fraga Helder 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPortugal, a leading olive oil producer, boasts six Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) regions, with distinct olive orchard (OR) densities (traditional rainfed to super-intensive irrigated). This study aimed to assess future drought and aridity conditions and the impacts on ORs located in the PDOs. Therefore, drought and aridity indicators were considered for the historical (ERA5: 1981–2000) and future periods (2041–2060; 2081–2100), and anthropogenic forcing scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), using a 7-member ensemble of global climate models. From Spearman’s correlation analysis, Annual Mean Aridity (AIA) was selected as the most representative indicator of the climate conditions, to which the ORs were exposed. Readily Available Soil Water (RAW; mm) was considered to represent the available soil water reservoir for olive trees. Moreover, the Olive Drought and Aridity Risk Index (ODAR) was developed to determine each OR's future risks. This index considered that the AIA and RAW were weighted by OR density fractions. In the future, southern Portugal will be more arid (0.69) than northern and central (0.60). ORs soil shows lower RAW in southern PDOs (< 60 mm) than in central and northern regions (> 90 mm). These results suggest that the south of ORs will be more exposed to water stress than the northern regions. According to ODAR, the ORs exposed to low and high risk will be mainly located in the central parts of the PDOs. In northern ORs, moderate to high risk will predominate. In the south, however, the risk will be very high, which means that the olive tree growth, fruit development, and olive oil quality could be negatively affected. Implementation of tailored adaptation measures will be required to improve the climate resiliency of the sector.
Self-Oscillations of Submerged Liquid Crystal Elastomer Beams Driven by Light and Self-Shadowing
Authors: Norouzikudiani Reza , Teresi Luciano , DeSimone Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLiquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are responsive materials that undergo significant, reversible deformations when exposed to external stimuli such as light, heat, and humidity. Light actuation, in particular, offers versatile control over LCE properties, enabling complex deformations. A notable phenomenon in LCEs is self-oscillation under constant illumination. Understanding the physics underlying this dynamic response, and especially the role of interactions with a surrounding fluid medium, is still crucial for optimizing the performance of LCEs. In this study, we have developed a multi-physics fluid-structure interaction model to explore the self-oscillation phenomenon of immersed LCE beams exposed to light. We consider a beam clamped at one end, originally vertical, and exposed to horizontal light rays of constant intensity focused near the fixed edge. Illumination causes the beam to bend towards the light due to a temperature gradient. As the free end of the beam surpasses the horizontal line through the clamp, self-shadowing induces cooling, initiating the self-oscillation phenomenon. The negative feedback resulting from self-shadowing injects energy into the system, with sustained self-oscillations in spite of the energy dissipation in the surrounding fluid. Our investigation involves parametric studies exploring the impact of beam length and light intensity on the amplitude, frequency, and mode of oscillation. Our findings indicate that the self-oscillation initiates above a certain critical light intensity, which is length-dependent. Also, shorter lengths induce oscillations in the beam with the first mode of vibration, while increasing the length changes the elasticity property of the beam and triggers the second mode. Additionally, applying higher light intensity may trigger composite complex modes, while the frequency of oscillation increases with the intensity of the light if the mode of oscillation remains constant.
Oracle-Net for Nonlinear Compressed Sensing in Electrical Impedance Tomography Reconstruction Problems
Authors: Lazzaro Damiana , Morigi Serena , Ratti Luca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSparse recovery principles play an important role in solving many nonlinear ill-posed inverse problems. We investigate a variational framework with learned support estimation for compressed sensing sparse reconstructions, where the available measurements are nonlinear and possibly corrupted by noise. A graph neural network, named Oracle-Net, is proposed to predict the support from the nonlinear measurements and is integrated into a regularized recovery model to enforce sparsity. The derived nonsmooth optimization problem is then efficiently solved through a constrained proximal gradient method. Error bounds on the approximate solution of the proposed Oracle-based optimization are provided in the context of the ill-posed Electrical Impedance Tomography problem (EIT). Numerical solutions of the EIT nonlinear inverse reconstruction problem confirm the potential of the proposed method which improves the reconstruction quality from undersampled measurements, under sparsity assumptions.
Identifying Culturally Relevant School Support Profiles and Links to Academic Functioning in Adolescents
Authors: Hernández Maciel M. , Kornienko Olga , Figueroa Jennifer M. , Coker Marita , Paredes Karenina , Toth Caroline , Carrillo Julia P. , Rogers Adam A. , Ha Thao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is limited knowledge about patterns of adolescents’ experiences of general teacher support and support for critical consciousness and cultural competence development in school settings, which are key experiences proposed to promote academic functioning. Furthermore, less is known about potential developmental and ethnic-racial differences in these patterns. Using a person-centered approach, this study examined culturally relevant school support profiles in a sample of sixth and ninth grade students (N = 717; 49.9% girls) from the U.S. Southwest. Participants were aged 10 to 18 years (M = 13.73; SD = 1.54) and were ethnoracially diverse (31.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 7.3% Black or African American, 1.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 1% Arab, Middle Eastern, or North African). Four culturally relevant school support profiles were identified: (1) low general, devoid cultural & critical support; (2) moderate general, moderate cultural, & devoid critical support; (3) high general, moderate cultural & critical support; and (4) high general, cultural, & critical support. Youth in the high general, cultural, & critical support profile had higher concurrent emotional and behavioral engagement. No significant differences were found between early (6th grade) and middle adolescent (9th grade) youth, pointing to the relevance and associations of the identified profiles across development. One significant difference emerged when comparing White and ethnoracially minoritized youth; among White youth, those in the high general, cultural, & critical support and high general, moderate cultural & critical support profiles had higher academic expectations than those in the low general, devoid cultural & critical support profile. The discussion focuses on characterizing heterogeneous and culturally relevant school support profiles, the associations between these profiles and indicators of academic functioning for ethnoracially diverse youth to advance developmental theory and the importance of promoting culturally relevant school support practices to foster developmental competencies among youth.
Effects of chromatic dispersion on single-photon temporal wave functions in quantum communications
Authors: Czerwinski Artur , Cai Xiangji , Haddadi Saeed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of chromatic dispersion on single-photon temporal wave functions (TWFs) in the context of quantum communications. Departing from classical beam analysis, we focus on the temporal shape of single photons, specifically exploring generalized Gaussian modes. From this foundation, we introduce chirped and unchirped Gaussian TWFs, demonstrating the impact of the chirp parameter in mitigating chromatic dispersion effects. Furthermore, we extend our investigation to time-bin qubits, a topic of ongoing research relevance. By exploring the interplay of dispersion effects on qubit interference patterns, we contribute essential insights to quantum information processing. This comprehensive analysis considers various parameters, introducing a level of complexity not previously explored in the context of dispersion management. We demonstrate the relationships between different quantities and their impact on the spreading of TWFs. Our results not only deepen the theoretical understanding of single-photon TWFs but also offer practical guidelines for system designers to optimize symbol rates in quantum communications.
How unemployment benefit duration shapes startup motivation and growth
Authors: Camarero Garcia Sebastian , Murmann Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBusiness creation is economically important, and unemployment precedes the creation of a substantial share of new firms. Yet, most research has focused on analyzing the effects of unemployment insurance policies on re-employment outcomes, ignoring self-employment. In this paper, we analyze how the potential duration of unemployment benefits, a fundamental design choice of unemployment insurance systems, affects whether new firms are founded out of opportunity or necessity and their growth potential. To this end, we construct a comprehensive dataset on German firm founders that links administrative social insurance information with business survey data. Exploiting reform and age-related exogenous variation in the potential duration of unemployment benefits, we find that longer potential benefit duration implies longer actual unemployment and, as a consequence, more necessity entrepreneurship and worse startup outcomes in terms of sales and employment growth. We explain this overall effect of potential benefit duration through a mix of compositional and individual-level duration effects. Our findings underline that new firms started out of unemployment are a highly heterogeneous group and suggest that the (optimal) design of unemployment insurance systems has important externalities on whether innovation- and growth-oriented firms are started out of unemployment.
The Rise of Tech Ethics: Approaches, Critique, and Future Pathways
Authors: Frahm Nina , Schiølin Kasper 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this editorial to the Topical Collection “Innovation under Fire: The Rise of Ethics in Tech”, we provide an overview of the papers gathered in the collection, reflect on similarities and differences in their analytical angles and methodological approaches, and carve out some of the cross-cutting themes that emerge from research on the production of ‘Tech Ethics’. We identify two recurring ways through which ‘Tech Ethics’ are studied and forms of critique towards them developed, which we argue diverge primarily in their a priori commitments towards what ethical tech is and how it should best be pursued. Beyond these differences, we observe how current research on ‘Tech Ethics’ evidences a close relationship between public controversies about technological innovation and the rise of ethics discourses and instruments for their settlement, producing legitimacy crises for ‘Tech Ethics’ in and of itself. ‘Tech Ethics’ is not only instrumental for governing technoscientific projects in the present but is equally instrumental for the construction of socio-technical imaginaries and the essentialization of technological futures. We suggest that efforts to reach beyond single case-studies are needed and call for collective reflection on joint issues and challenges to advance the critical project of ‘Tech Ethics’.
Immersive visualization in infrastructure planning: Enhancing long-term resilience and sustainability
Authors: Ismael Dalya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInfrastructure decisions today significantly impact future generations' quality of life, especially as severe storms and rising sea levels increasingly threaten communities across the United States. Decision-makers at all levels, including those involved in disaster prevention and response, must address climate change. However, those in infrastructure design and construction often prioritize immediate gains over long-term resilience. Engineering teams typically employ decision tools to manage complexity, but these methods may not highlight the long-term consequences of their choices. This study tests whether integrating Virtual Reality (VR) technology with engineering decision-making tools, can enhance engineers’ ability to visualize the future impacts of their infrastructure projects. A group of engineering students (n = 56) was given a case study on updating roadwork systems in Norfolk, Virginia, an area vulnerable to flooding. The control group viewed images depicting current and future conditions of sea-level rise (year 2100), while the intervention group experienced the same information but through an immersive VR scenario. Participants selected achievement levels for each credit using the Envision system, with total points reflecting the resilience and sustainability of decisions. The results indicate that participants who engaged with the VR experience, achieved higher scores than those who received the images. The results also indicate a variation in VR's impact based on political affiliation, with Democrats responding more positively to the VR experience than Republicans. The findings highlight that integrating VR into decision-making tools can be a crucial advancement in infrastructure planning, enabling engineers to make more informed, sustainable choices for a resilient future.
A comprehensive review on automatic hate speech detection in the age of the transformer
Authors: Ramos Gil , Batista Fernando , Ribeiro Ricardo , Fialho Pedro , Moro Sérgio , Fonseca António , Guerra Rita , Carvalho Paula , Marques Catarina , Silva Cláudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of hate speech on social media poses significant challenges to maintaining a safe and inclusive digital environment. This paper presents a comprehensive review of automatic hate speech detection methods, with a particular focus on the evolution of approaches from traditional machine learning and deep learning models to the more advanced Transformer-based architectures. We systematically analyze over 100 studies, comparing the effectiveness, computational requirements, and applicability of various techniques, including Support Vector Machines, Long Short-Term Memory networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Transformer models like BERT and its multilingual variants. The review also explores the datasets, languages, and sources used for hate speech detection, noting the predominance of English-focused research while highlighting emerging efforts in low-resource languages and cross-lingual detection using multilingual Transformers. Additionally, we discuss the role of generative and multi-task learning models as promising avenues for future development. While Transformer-based models consistently achieve state-of-the-art performance, this review underscores the trade-offs between performance and computational cost, emphasizing the need for context-specific solutions. Key challenges such as algorithmic bias, data scarcity, and the need for more standardized benchmarks are also identified. This review provides crucial insights for advancing the field of hate speech detection and shaping future research directions.
Kompetenzen von First Generation Professionals: Kompetenzorientierte Reflexion von Karrierewegen
Authors: Huesmann Monika 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
First Generation Professionals erleben Probleme und Schwierigkeiten beim Eintritt und der Karriere in Organisationen. Allerdings entwickeln sie auch Kompetenzen im Zusammenhang mit ihrer sozialen Herkunft. In einer empirischen Studie mit 27 Interviews werden Kompetenzen inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Anhand der Ergebnisse werden klassische defizitorientierte Maßnahmen kritisch reflektiert und kompetenzorientierte Ansätze diskutiert.
Praktische Relevanz
Soziale Herkunft wird im Diversity Management zunehmend thematisiert. Es werden sowohl Probleme beim Einstieg in den Beruf als auch auf dem Karriereweg festgestellt. Häufig zielen die Handlungsempfehlungen vor allem auf den Ausgleich von Defiziten. Allerdings werden dabei die Kompetenzen, die First Generation Professionals auf ihrem Bildungs- und Berufsweg auch aufgrund ihrer sozialen Herkunft entwickeln oft nicht gesehen und daher auch nicht in den Organisationen nutzbar gemacht. In dieser Studie werden berufsbezogene Kompetenzen analysiert und kompetenzorientierte Ansätze diskutiert, die in Organisationen umgesetzt werden können.
Postdigital Citizen Science and Humanities: Dialogue from the Ground
Authors: Hayes Sarah , Jandrić Petar , la Velle Linda , Earle Sarah , Šrajer Filip , Dragić Zoran , Kubat Safet , Peraica Ana , Švraka Deni , Popović Sara , Mumelaš Dolores , Pospiš Daniella , Vujanović Barbara , Lugović Sergej , Jopling Michael , Tolbert Sara , Watermeyer Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhilst much global research takes place in universities, many researchers in the sciences and humanities do not work within these institutions. Some citizen researchers run their own companies or provide independent consultancy, having left their roles in universities through a conflict of values, where they experienced hostile, hierarchical, or restrictive practices. In a world where many postdigital and biodigital challenges do not sit neatly under one discipline or sector, collaboration with community experts to research potential solutions is crucial, as demonstrated during the Covid-19 pandemic. Universities count knowledge exchange partnerships as a key part of their activities, linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, yet a closer look at how this works in practice reveals different forms of ‘lockdowns’ that prevent equitable research collaborations. In this collective article, we offer a postdigital perspective on citizen science and humanities research from the ground. This includes a provocation to knowledge-producing institutions via recommendations that emerged from our collective citizen researcher workshop held in Zagreb in Spring 2024. There is now a pressing need to review institutional policies and practices around citizen research, towards more inclusive knowledge exchange partnerships, if we are to collaborate successfully to address many global challenges.