bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen size strongly correlates with stigma depth among Pedicularis species
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Ping , Yu Wen‐Bin , Sun Shi‐Guo , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: March 2016

SummaryDarwin proposed that pollen size should be positively correlated with stigma depth rather than style length among species given that pollen tubes first enter the stigma autotrophically, then grow through the style heterotrophically. However, studies often show a positive relationship between pollen size and style length. Five floral traits were observed to be correlated among 42 bumblebee‐pollinated Pedicularis species (Orobanchaceae) in which stigmas are distinct from styles. The phylogenetic independent contrast analysis revealed that pollen grain volume was more strongly correlated with stigma depth than with style length, consistent with Darwin's functional hypothesis between pollen size and stigma depth.
A retrospective analysis of the Alzheimer's disease vaccine progress – The critical need for new development strategies
Authors: Marciani Dante J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe promising results obtained with aducanumab and solanezumab against Alzheimer's disease (AD) strengthen the vaccine approach to prevent AD, despite of the many clinical setbacks. It has been problematic to use conjugated peptides with Th1/Th2 adjuvants to induce immune responses against conformational epitopes formed by Aβ oligomers, which is critical to induce protective antibodies. Hence, vaccination should mimic natural immunity by using whole or if possible conjugated antigens, but biasing the response to Th2 with anti‐inflammatory adjuvants. Also, selection of the carrier and cross‐linking agents is important to prevent suppression of the immune response against the antigen. That certain compounds having phosphorylcholine or fucose induce a sole Th2 immunity would allow antigens with T‐cell epitopes without inflammatory autoimmune reactions to be used. Another immunization method is DNA vaccines combined with antigenic ones, which favors the clonal selection and expansion of high affinity antibodies needed for immune protection, but this also requires Th2 immunity. Since AD transgenic mouse models have limited value for immunogen selection as shown by the clinical studies, screening may require the use of validated antibodies and biophysical methods to identify the antigens that would be most likely recognized by the human immune system and thus capable to stimulate a protective antibody response.
imageTo induce an anti‐Alzheimer's disease protective immunity and prevent possible damage triggered by antigens having B‐cell epitopes‐only, whole antigens might be used; while inducing Th2 immunity with sole anti‐inflammatory fucose‐based adjuvants. This approach would avert a damaging systemic inflammatory immunity and the suppression of immunoresponse against the antigen because of carrier and cross‐linkers; immune requirements that extend to DNA vaccines.
Evaluation of lifting and antiwrinkle effects of calcium hydroxylapatite filler. In vitro quantification of contractile forces of human wrinkle and normal aged fibroblasts treated with calcium hydroxylapatite
Authors: Courderot‐Masuyer Carol , Robin Sophie , Tauzin Hélène , Humbert Philippe 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundAs it ages, the skin changes, it loses its natural hydration and its fundamental substance degenerates. Due to a lack of hydration and nutrients, collagen production decreases. This support tissue of the skin weakens, losing tone and firmness. Depressions form on the skin's surface: these are wrinkles. Wrinkles are one of the first visible signs of the skin's aging, and mainly occur on the face.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was firstly to study the differences between contractile forces developed by normal aged fibroblasts (NF) and wrinkle fibroblasts (WF) of the same patients evaluating the loss of skin tone and secondly to evaluate the effects of a filler composed of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHa) on the development of contractile forces of NF and WF.MethodsBiopsies were performed on wrinkled and normal aged skin of facelifts of three patients. The forces generated by the both fibroblast lines in tense collagen lattices were quantified using GlaSbox device before and after the addition of a mixture composed of CaHa.ResultsThe forces developed by WF were significantly lower than those of NF. In the presence of the mixture with CaHa, the contractile forces developed by normal NF were significantly increased. WF treated with CaHa also developed higher contractile forces in comparison with nontreated WF.ConclusionThe mixture composed of CaHa tends to restore the contractile properties of WF to the same level as NF. Therefore, this study shows that CaHa has positive overall effects on aging.
Evaluation of patients' sleep by nurses in an ICU
Authors: Ritmala‐Castren Marita , Virtanen Irina , Vahlberg Tero , Leivo Sanna , Kaukonen Kirsi‐Maija , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine how intensive care unit evaluations of patients' sleep by nurses correspond to polysomnography and if changes in patients' physiologic parameters could be helpful in sleep evaluation.BackgroundThe evaluations of patients' sleep by nurses have not corresponded very well with objective sleep recordings, so there is a need for further knowledge in this field.DesignCorrelational study of patients' sleep, nurses' sleep evaluations and the sleep‐related heart rate and blood pressure changes.MethodsThe standard overnight polysomnography was recorded on 21 patients. Simultaneously, nurses marked into an electronic patient care documentation system all the changes noted in the patients' sleep status. Patients' arterial blood pressure and heart‐rate data were automatically saved into the electronic patient care documentation.ResultsThe evaluations of patients' sleep/wake state by nurses corresponded to polysomnography 68% of the time. A correlation was found between nurses' evaluations and polysomnography recordings only on total sleep time. There was no correlation in the other sleep aspects (sleep latency, amount of awakenings or movements during sleep). Most patients' blood pressures and heart rate varied according to sleep/wake state. There was less variation if the patient had received noradrenalin for blood pressure control.ConclusionThe evaluations of patients' sleep/wake state by nurses only correspond to the polysomnography two‐thirds of the time. Thus, more sophisticated evaluation methods should be developed to aid nurses in sleep evaluations. Sleep‐related changes in blood pressure and heart rate can be seen in intensive care unit patients, so using these parameters as part of the patients' sleep evaluation should be further explored.Relevance to clinical practiceThe nurses' evaluation practices of intensive care unit patients' sleep need further development. Monitoring the changes in patients' heart rate and blood pressure may aid in evaluating his/her sleep.
A systematic literature review on nurses’ and health care support workers’ experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards
Authors: Moonga Jubilee , Likupe Gloria 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo review literature on nurses’ and health care workers’ experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards.BackgroundDementia is a condition that affects a large number of the older population worldwide. It is estimated that there are 47·5 million people worldwide living with dementia with 4·6 million new cases being diagnosed annually. This number is said to increase to 75·6 million by 2030 and triple by 2050. It is also acknowledged that older people are at a greater risk of falls that are a devastating problem causing a tremendous amount of morbidity, mortality and use of health care services (Rubestein, Age and Ageing, 35, 2006, 37). Falls usually result from identified risk factors such as weakness, unsteady gait, confusion and certain medication. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that a large population of older people suffering from dementia may be admitted to orthopaedic wards with various injuries. Nurse and support health workers may experience a range of difficulties when caring for this population of patients.DesignA systematic review.MethodsAn extensive literature search using; CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, National Health Service Evidence, websites like Department of Health, Dementia and Alzheimer's Society.ResultsThe search generated several articles on dementia in general, however, only 14 articles dealing with care of these people in an acute hospital setting were found. No studies dealing with the care of people with dementia on orthopaedic wards were found; therefore, this review has taken a generalist nature and applies the findings to orthopaedic wards. The main themes identified from the review were: challenging behaviour and unsuitable care environment; lack of education on dementia; strain from nursing patients with dementia; and ethical dilemmas arising from care of people with dementia.ConclusionIt would be an over‐simplification to say that the care of people with dementia on medical wards is the same as the care of trauma patients with dementia. Therefore, there is a need for a study to explore nurses’ and health care worker's experiences of caring for trauma patients with dementia on orthopaedic wards.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study could provide guidance on the effective care of people with dementia on orthopaedic wards.
Australian nurses' perceptions of the use of manual restraint in the Emergency Department: a qualitative perspective
Authors: Chapman Rose , Ogle Kaye Robyn , Martin Catherine , Rahman Asheq , McKenna Brian , Barnfield Jakqui 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore emergency nurses perceptions of the use of manual restraint.BackgroundManual restraint of patients has historically been an accepted practice, though little is known about the use of manual restraint in general hospitals.DesignA qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, study was undertaken.MethodFifteen semi‐structured interviews with emergency nurses were completed. Data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis procedures.ResultsThe following themes were identified: ‘part of the job’, ‘reasons for manual restraint’, ‘restraint techniques’, ‘consequences’ and ‘lack of documentation’. Manual restraint occurred frequently each shift and most were not documented. This may be due to nurse's perceptions that manually restraining a patient did not comprise formal restraint and was the only option. Nurses used manual restraint to manage patients who were violent and aggressive or to perform procedures. However, they reported a lack of education and training in manual restraint. Nurses identified several consequences for the patient, staff and the organisation as a result of these events including psychological and physical injuries.ConclusionsEmpirical research of prevalence and issues surrounding manual restraint events is required to inform health care organisations and government to develop, implement and evaluate appropriate policies and strategies to ensure safety of patients and staff. The employment of peer support workers and professionals with expertise in mental health and dementia may aid in the reduction of manual restraint events and improve care of all patients within the Emergency Department. Research on manual restraint in health settings is also needed.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to be aware that manual restraint is not just an accepted part of their work, but is a strategy of last resort that should be documented. Organisations must implement standardised educational programmes for nurses together with policies and processes to monitor and evaluate manual restraint events.
The effect of mentoring on clinical perioperative competence in operating room nursing students
Authors: Mirbagher Ajorpaz Neda , Zagheri Tafreshi Mansoureh , Mohtashami Jamileh , Zayeri Farid , Rahemi Zahra 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mentoring on the clinical perioperative competence of nursing operating room students in Iran.BackgroundMentoring is an essential part of clinical education, which has been studied in different populations of students. However, there is a need to assess its effectiveness in operating room students' competence.DesignA randomised controlled trial was performed.MethodsSixty nursing operating room students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both the control and experimental groups had routine training in the form of faculty supervision. The experimental group had an additional mentoring program. Using the Persian Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale‐Revised, clinical competence was compared between the two groups, before and after the intervention. Using SPSS 19, descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi‐square and t‐tests, were conducted.ResultsIn the experimental group, the difference between the mean scores of clinical competence before (19·43 ± 2·80) and after (27·86 ± 1·87) the intervention was significant (p ≤ 0·001). After intervention, the difference between the mean scores of the control (3·9 ± 0·15) and experimental (8·61 ± 0·68) groups was significant (p ≤ 0·003).ConclusionFindings affirmed the positive effect of mentorship programmes on clinical competence in nursing operating room students.Relevance to clinical practiceMentoring is an effective method for preparing nursing students in practice. Health care systems may improve as a result of staff‐student relationships that ultimately increase the quality care for patients.
Influences on independent nurse prescribers' antimicrobial prescribing behaviour: a systematic review
Authors: Ness Valerie , Price Lesley , Currie Kay , Reilly Jacqueline 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo present the findings of a systematic review which explored the influences on the antimicrobial prescribing behaviour of independent nurse prescribers.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is an urgent public health concern and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is linked to an increase in this resistance. With a growing number of nursing staff potentially prescribing.DesignA systematic review.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify appropriate research papers. Results were screened for relevance using eligibility criteria, and the assessment of the methodological quality of the papers was conducted using a critical appraisal tool.ResultsSeven studies were found which explored influences on nurse prescribers' antimicrobial prescribing behaviour. Three of these expected that an antimicrobial would be given and therefore influences discussed were on the choice of the antimicrobial given. Guidelines/protocols, safety, tolerability and efficacy of the antimicrobial itself, patient/parent pressure and training/experience were mentioned as influencing factors within the reported studies. The other four studies explored influences on whether to prescribe an antimicrobial or not and also found that guidelines/protocols were an influencing factor, however, the influence occurring most frequently was diagnostic uncertainty.ConclusionsThe studies were limited by methodological issues and therefore further research is recommended to explore all influencing factors on prescriber behaviour. Relevance to clinical practice: It has been recommended that interventions to change healthcare professionals' behaviour must be based on theory‐based research. Future research should therefore focus on the use of sound theoretical frameworks in the planning of the studies if we are to be able to understand and, if required, change nurses' behaviours.
Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in women with cervical insufficiency: Comprehensive analysis of multiple proteins in amniotic fluid
Authors: Lee Seung Mi , Park Kyo Hoon , Jung Eun Young , Cho Soo‐Hyun , Ryu Aeli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to determine whether proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in amniotic fluid (AF), alone or in combination with clinical risk factors, can predict spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) at < 34 weeks in women with cervical insufficiency.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 57 consecutive singleton pregnant women (17–28 gestational weeks) with cervical insufficiency who underwent amniocentesis. AF was assayed for five cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]‐1α, and MIP‐1β) and five MMPs (MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐8, and MMP‐9) using multiplex immunoassay kits. The primary outcome measure was SPTD at < 34 weeks.ResultsThe AF concentrations of MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, IL‐6, IL‐8, MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β were significantly higher in women with SPTD at < 34 weeks. Women who had SPTD at < 34 weeks were younger, had significantly more advanced cervical dilatation at presentation and a higher rate of positive AF cultures. Using stepwise regression analysis, a combined prediction model was developed that included maternal age, cervical dilatation at presentation, AF MMP‐1 and AF MMP‐8 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.951). The AUC for this model was significantly greater than for any single protein alone in AF or for each of the clinical risk factors alone.ConclusionA model combining proteins in AF and clinical factors can improve the accuracy of risk prediction for preterm birth and this combination is more accurate than each of the biomarkers alone in women with cervical insufficiency.
Tailored treatment strategies: a new approach for modern management of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Van Gelder I. C. , Hobbelt A. H. , Marcos E. G. , Schotten U. , Cappato R. , Lewalter T. , Schwieler J. , Rienstra M. , Boriani G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is not benign. Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors differ importantly amongst patients. Careful phenotyping with the aim to start tailored therapy may improve outcome and quality of life. Furthermore, structural remodelling plays an important role in initiation and progression of AF. Therapies that interfere in the remodelling processes are promising because they may modify the atrial substrate. However, success is still limited probably due to variations in the underlying substrate in individual patients. The most favourable effects of lifestyle changes on success of rhythm control have been demonstrated in obese patients with AF. Differences in genotype may also play an important role. Common gene variants have been associated with recurrence of AF after electrical cardioversion, antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation. Therefore, both phenotyping and genotyping may become useful for patient selection in the future. Beside the choice of rate or rhythm control, and type of rhythm control, prevention of complications associated with AF may also differ depending on genotype and phenotype. Efficacy of stroke prevention has been well established, but bleeding remains a clinically relevant problem. Risk stratification is still cumbersome, especially in low‐risk patients and in those with a high bleeding risk. The decision whether to start anticoagulation (and if so which type of anticoagulant) or, alternatively, to implant an occlusion device of the left atrial appendage may also be improved by genotyping and phenotyping. In this review, we will summarize new insights into the roles of phenotype and genotype in generating more tailored treatment strategies in patients with AF and discuss several patient‐tailored treatment options.
The moderating influence of personality on individual outcomes of social networks
Authors: Regts Gerdien , Molleman Eric 
Published: March 2016

Advantageous structural positions in a social network provide opportunities for employees. In this study, we examined whether the interaction between the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion affects the extent to which employees benefit from network centrality. Data from a sample of 299 nurses from four Dutch hospitals revealed that affect‐based network centrality was associated with higher job satisfaction and that in‐degree advice network centrality was associated with higher ratings by supervisors with respect to job performance, but only for extraverts low in neuroticism and introverts high in neuroticism. The results show that the existence and magnitude of the positive relationship between affect‐based network centrality and job satisfaction, and the positive relationship between advice network centrality and supervisor ratings of job performance, may crucially depend on the specific interactional combination of personality traits. These findings provide an explanation for the variation in results regarding the network centrality–job satisfaction link and extend empirical evidence for the network centrality–job performance link. The current findings offer team managers insight into how a combination of personality traits influences the effect of network centrality on individual work outcomes. Implications for social networks and selection of employees are discussed.Practitioner points

The positive relationship between affect‐based network centrality and job satisfaction and the positive relationship between advice network centrality and job performance depend on the specific interactional combination of neuroticism and extraversion.

Employees benefit most from network centrality when they are high on extraversion and low on neuroticism, or when they are low on extraversion and high on neuroticism.

For jobs that require much social interaction, extraverts low in neuroticism are preferred.
PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway proteins are differently expressed in oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Martins Fabiana , de Sousa Suzana COM , dos Santos Elisa , Woo Sook‐Bin , Gallottini Marina 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway is associated with several cellular functions and is frequently changed in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical expression pattern of components in PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), comparing to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and non‐dysplastic oral tissues (NDOT).MethodsA total of 186 cases of NDOT, OED and OSCC were retrieved. Nuclear staining and cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered positive, and the percentage of positive cells was calculated.ResultsIncreased immunoreactivity from NDOT to OED and OSCC was seen for all proteins. In NDOT cases, positivity was found only for pS6 (52.9%) and p4EBP1 (13.5%). In OED, immunoreactivity was observed for pAKT (62.2%), pmTOR (28.6%), pS6 (70.8%), and p4EBP1 (42.9%). In OSCC cases, immunoreactivity was found for pAKT (83.3%), pmTOR (50%), pS6 (77.4%), and p4EBP1 (50%). The pAKT and pmTOR expression was higher in OED (<0.001, Fisher's exact test) and OSCC (<0.001, Fisher's exact test).ConclusionOur study demonstrated higher pAKT and pmTOR expression during carcinogenesis of oral mucosa, differing considerably among OED and OSCC specimens when compared to NDOT. These proteins can be considered potential diagnostic markers for early detection of cancer.