bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent quantitative gene product expression: #2. Antigen intensities on bone marrow cells are invariant between individuals
Authors: Loken Michael R. , Voigt Andrew P. , Eidenschink Brodersen Lisa , Fritschle Wayne , Menssen Andrew J. , Meshinchi Soheil , Wells Denise A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFive reference populations in bone marrow specimens were identified by flow cytometry using specific combinations of reagents in order define the variation of gene product expression intensities both within and between individuals. Mature lymphocytes, uncommitted progenitor cells, promyelocytes, mature monocytes and mature neutrophils can be reproducibly identified as distinct clusters of events in heterogeneous, maturing bone marrow specimens. Support Vector Machines were used to identify the reference populations in order to reduce subjective bias in manually defining boundaries of these populations since they were not discretely separated from the remainder of the cells. Reference populations were identified in 50 randomly selected bone marrow aspirates obtained over a period spanning 3 years and 6 months from pediatric patients following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The quantitative expression of gene products (cell surface antigens) and light scattering characteristics on these stressed specimens were demonstrated to be tightly regulated both within individuals and between individuals. Within an individual most gene products (CD45, CD34, CD14, CD16, CD64, CD33) demonstrated limited variability with a standard deviation of <0.20 log units while CD13 and CD36 exhibited broader variation >0.25 log units. Surprisingly, with the exception of CD33, the variation of the mean intensities of each antigen between individuals was even less than the variation within an individual. These data confirm that the amounts of gene products expressed on normal developing cells are highly regulated but differ in intensities between different lineages and during the maturational pathway of those lineages. The amounts of gene products expressed at specific stages of development of each lineage are a biologic constant with minimal variation within or between individuals. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Determinants of object‐in‐context and object‐place‐context recognition in the developing rat
Authors: Ramsaran Adam I. , Sanders Hollie R. , Stanton Mark E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSince the seminal report on novel object recognition in the rat (Ennaceur & Delacour, 1988), novelty recognition paradigms have become increasingly prevalent in learning and memory research. Novelty recognition tasks do not require extensive training or complex behaviors, and thus are especially suitable for studying the ontogeny of various forms of memory (e.g., object, spatial, and contextual memory). However, relatively little is known about the determinants of recognition memory during development. The present study extends our recent research on the development of recognition memory by further characterizing the ontogeny of contextual recognition (Ramsaran, Westbrook, & Stanton, 2016). We report that long‐term retention of object‐in‐context (OiC) memory emerges during early development in the rat (Experiment 1), and that performance of object‐place‐context (OPC), a spatial variant of the OiC task, also displays protracted development until early adolescence (Experiment 2). In addition, we examined the role of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in contextual recognition and found that OiC memory is not dependent on NMDAR‐mediated plasticity whereas performance of spatial task variants including the distal cue OiC (Ramsaran et al., 2016) and OPC tasks are NMDAR‐dependent (Experiments 3 and 4). The ontogeny of contextual recognition is influenced by memory retention and spatial processing demands, which may also determine the neurobiological mechanisms supporting task performance.
Climate extremes are associated with invertebrate taxonomic and functional composition in mountain lakes
Authors: Boersma Kate S. , Nickerson Avery , Francis Clinton D. , Siepielski Adam M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase climate variability and the occurrence of extreme climatic events, with potentially devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of climate extremes in structuring aquatic communities or the interplay between climate and local abiotic and biotic factors. Here, we examine the relative influence of climate and local abiotic and biotic conditions on biodiversity and community structure in lake invertebrates. We sampled aquatic invertebrates and measured environmental variables in 19 lakes throughout California, USA, to test hypotheses of the relationship between climate, local biotic and environmental conditions, and the taxonomic and functional structure of aquatic invertebrate communities. We found that, while local biotic and abiotic factors such as habitat availability and conductivity were the most consistent predictors of alpha diversity, extreme climate conditions such as maximum summer temperature and dry‐season precipitation were most often associated with multivariate taxonomic and functional composition. Specifically, sites with high maximum temperatures and low dry‐season precipitation housed communities containing high abundances of large predatory taxa. Furthermore, both climate dissimilarity and abiotic dissimilarity determined taxonomic turnover among sites (beta diversity). These findings suggest that while local‐scale environmental variables may predict alpha diversity, climatic variability is important to consider when projecting broad‐scale aquatic community responses to the extreme temperature and precipitation events that are expected for much of the world during the next century.
Fluctuating temperatures alter environmental pathogen transmission in a Daphnia–pathogen system
Authors: Dallas Tad , Drake John M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEnvironmental conditions are rarely constant, but instead vary spatially and temporally. This variation influences ecological interactions and epidemiological dynamics, yet most experimental studies examine interactions under constant conditions. We examined the effects of variability in temperature on the host–pathogen relationship between an aquatic zooplankton host (Daphnia laevis) and an environmentally transmitted fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata). We manipulated temperature variability by exposing all populations to mean temperatures of 20°C for the length of the experiments, but introducing periods of 1, 2, and 4 hr each day where the populations were exposed to 28°C followed by periods of the same length (1, 2, and 4 hr, respectively) where the populations were exposed to 12°C. Three experiments were performed to assess the role of thermal variability on Daphnia–pathogen interactions, specifically with respect to: (1) host infection prevalence and intensity; (2) free‐living pathogen survival; and (3) host foraging ecology. We found that temperature variability affected host filtering rate, which is closely related to pathogen transmission in this system. Further, infection prevalence was reduced as a function of temperature variability, while infection intensity was not influenced, suggesting that pathogen transmission was influenced by temperature variability, but the growth of pathogen within infected hosts was not. Host survival was reduced by temperature variability, but environmental pathogen survival was unaffected, suggesting that zooplankton hosts were more sensitive than the fungal pathogen to variable temperatures. Together, these experiments suggest that temperature variability may influence host demography and host–pathogen interactions, providing a link between host foraging ecology and pathogen transmission.
Competitors and predators alter settlement patterns and reproductive success of an intraguild prey
Authors: Morosinotto Chiara , Villers Alexandre , Thomson Robert L. , Varjonen Rauno , Korpimäki Erkki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe spatial distribution of predators is affected by intra‐ and interspecific interactions within the predator guild. Studying these interactions under fluctuating food availability, while taking habitat characteristics into account, offers a quasi‐experimental setup to determine the relative impact of con‐ and heterospecifics on reproductive success of predators. We analyzed the settlement decisions and reproductive success of Eurasian Pygmy Owls (Glaucidium passerinum) in the presence of both breeding conspecifics and their competitor and intraguild predator, Tengmalm's Owls (Aegolius funereus), under fluctuating abundance of their primary prey (voles). We used detailed data, collected across 11 years in a large study area (1300 km²), on the spatial and temporal variation of habitat characteristics in all available nesting sites, local densities of both species, and vole abundance. We found that Pygmy Owls strongly avoided breeding close to conspecifics but did not avoid Tengmalm's Owl nests. Nest box occupation of Pygmy Owls was positively correlated to the proportion of old spruce, mature and old pine forests, and farmlands, and occupation probability was higher at high vole abundance and in areas occupied in previous years. Pygmy Owl avoidance of conspecifics decreased when voles were abundant. At high conspecific density, Pygmy Owls showed lower hatching success and delayed hatching date, in agreement with the observed spatial avoidance. Finally, even though breeding Pygmy Owls did not spatially avoid Tengmalm's Owls, the density of heterospecifics correlated with low hatching and fledging success in Pygmy Owls. This suggests short term fitness costs when living close to competitors, even when lethal effects of intraguild interactions are subtle. Our results suggest that joint costs of exploitative and interference competition by Tengmalm's Owls, as well as intraguild predation, were lower than those induced by intraspecific competition only. This result might be due to the similar body size between the species considered, Tengmalm's Owls being only twice as large as Pygmy Owls. Interactions among con‐ and heterospecifics can therefore modify the spatial settlement and reproductive success of individuals on a landscape scale, also within the predator guild.
Spatial clusters and temporal trends of seasonal surface soil moisture across China in responses to regional climate and land cover changes
Authors: Chen Xiuzhi , Liu Xiaodong , Liu Zhiyong , Zhou Ping , Zhou Guoyi , Liao Jishan , Liu Liyang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvestigating the spatiotemporal changes of regional surface soil moisture in responses to climate and land cover changes is vital for understanding the underlying mechanisms of hydrological processes. While previous studies mainly attributed the causes of soil moisture changes to climatic factors, few took land cover into consideration. We analyzed the seasonal‐differentiated effects of climate and land cover changes on surface soil moisture of China's 80 drainage basins using the Essential Climate Variable Soil Moisture product spanning the 1979–2010 period. The low–low spatial clusters of annual (Jan–Dec), warm‐season (Apr–Sept) and cool‐season (Oct–Dec and Jan–Mar) surface soil moisture have spread from Northwest China to northeast and even Central China during the past three decades. In cool seasons, significant decreasing trends of surface soil moisture in most drainage basins of Northwest, Northeast, Central, and South China were detected. But in warm seasons, the surface soil moisture in Central and South China showed significant increasing trends. Precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and the ratio of the two are three driving forces for warm‐season surface soil moisture changes in Northeast and Northwest China. These climatic factors are main contributors to the declining trends of cool‐season surface soil moisture in Central and South China. Land cover changes showed to be the major factor driving the significant decreasing trends of cool‐season surface soil moisture in Northwest, Central, and South China. Due to vegetation's self‐shading effect, the large‐scale reforestation and vegetation growth are believed as main causes of the increasing trends of warm‐season surface soil moisture in Central and South China.
Ecological risk assessment for aquatic invertebrate communities exposed to imidacloprid as a result of labeled agricultural and nonagricultural uses in the United States
Authors: Whitfield-Aslund Melissa , Winchell Michael , Bowers Lisa , McGee Sean , Tang Jane , Padilla Lauren , Greer Colleen , Knopper Loren , Moore Dwayne R.J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

A probabilistic ecological risk assessment (ERA) was conducted to determine the potential effects of acute and chronic exposure of aquatic invertebrate communities to imidacloprid arising from labeled agricultural and nonagricultural uses in the United States. Aquatic exposure estimates were derived using a higher-tier refined modeling approach that accounts for realistic variability in environmental and agronomic factors. Toxicity was assessed using refined acute and chronic community-level effect metrics for aquatic invertebrates (i.e., species or taxon sensitivity distributions) developed using the best available data. Acute and chronic probabilistic risk estimates were derived by integrating the exposure distributions for different use patterns with the applicable species or taxon sensitivity distributions to generate risk curves, which plot cumulative probability of exceedance versus the magnitude of effect. Overall, the results of this assessment indicated that the aquatic invertebrate community is unlikely to be adversely affected by acute or chronic exposure to imidacloprid resulting from currently registered uses of imidacloprid in the United States. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1375–1388. © 2016 SETAC
Appropriate exposure estimates for wildlife risk assessments of crop protection products based on continuous radio telemetry: A case study with woodpigeons
Authors: Ludwigs Jan-Dieter , Ebeling Markus , Fredricks Timothy B. , Murfitt Roger C. , Kragten Steven 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The registration of pesticides follows guidance published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). As a default, the EFSA guidance document on risk assessment for birds and mammals assumes that animals feed exclusively on pesticide-treated fields. However, the guidance document suggests refining the risk via the proportion of food animals obtain from a treated field or specific crop (expressed via the portion of diet obtained from a treated area [PT value]). The EFSA guidance equalizes the portion of food taken from a treated area per day with the portion of time spent potentially foraging over the course of a day within this area. Therefore, radiotracking is commonly used to gather species-, crop-, and season-specific PT data, and radio telemetry of continuously tracked farmland species can deliver individual PT values for a given day, crop, and species. In the present study the authors introduce a way of calculating long-term PT values based on empirically recorded data via telemetry field studies for the most appropriate use in wildlife risk assessment of pesticides. The novel aspect of the proposal is that the authors follow the prerequisite given by EFSA to cover the long-term risk by introducing 21-d PT values that aim to cover both intra- and inter-individual variability of foraging focal farmland species in cropped habitats. Currently, the intra-individual variability is not taken into account for PT calculations. The authors demonstrate this approach and discuss EFSA guidance input requirements for PT values recorded in field studies, based on a PT field study conducted with woodpigeons (Columba palumbus) radiotracked in an agricultural landscape in the United Kingdom. The results indicate that a 21-d PT value considering intra-individual variability gives a more appropriate PT value for long-term risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1270–1277. © 2016 SETAC
Laboratory performance study for passive sampling of nonpolar chemicals in water
Authors: Booij Kees , Smedes Foppe , Crum Steven 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Two laboratory performance studies with 21 and 11 participants were carried out for passive sampling of nonpolar chemicals in water, using silicone samplers that were deployed for 7 wk and 13 wk at 2 river sites in the Netherlands. Target analytes were polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorobenzene, and a number of performance reference compounds (PRCs). Calculation of aqueous concentrations based on prescribed input values and a prescribed uptake model was also included. Between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) in the analysis of target compounds were approximately 20% at concentrations of 100 ng g−1 and approximately 100% at concentrations of 0.01 ng g−1, which was similar to previous results for the analysis of biota samples. The analysis of PRCs yielded water sampling rates with a between-laboratory CV of 18% to 30%. The sampling rate model showed a nearly perfect match with the consensus values of retained PRCs. The implications of the present study for future interlaboratory exercises are discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1156–1161. © 2016 SETAC
The correlates of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities: a systematic review
Authors: Creighton Alexandra S. , Davison Tanya E. , Kissane David W. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo synthesize and summarize the studies examining the correlates and predictors of anxiety in older adults living in residential aged care.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings, as well as reference lists of relevant papers. The search was limited to peer‐reviewed literature published in English. Eligible studies examined the association between at least one correlate/factor and anxiety disorders or symptoms in aged care residents aged 50+ years.ResultsA total of 3741 articles were identified, of which 34 studies (with a total of 1 543 554 participants) were included in this review. Correlates associated with anxiety included pain, use of anti‐depressants/lithium, depression, and lower perceived quality of life. Less consistent and/or less studied variables included younger age, female gender, higher educational level, functional dependence, subjective health status, more prescribed medications, impaired vision, insomnia, external locus of control, fear of falling, attachment, hope, meaning in life, and the influence of social, environmental, and staff/policy correlates.ConclusionsWhile several variables were found to have strong associations with anxiety in aged care residents, a number of factors have been examined by only one or two studies. Further research (preferably prospective studies) is therefore needed to reliably confirm findings and to help plan and develop preventative and intervention strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinction between breast cancer cell subtypes using third harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Gavgiotaki Evangelia , Filippidis George , Markomanolaki Haris , Kenanakis George , Agelaki Sofia , Georgoulias Vassilis , Athanassakis Irene 
Published: October 2016

Third Harmonic Generation (THG) microscopy as a non‐invasive, label free imaging methodology, allows linkage of lipid profiles with various breast cancer cells. The collected THG signal arise mostly from the lipid droplets and the membrane lipid bilayer. Quantification of THG signal can accurately distinguish HER2‐positive cells. Further analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra reveals cancer‐specific profiles, correlating lipid raft‐corresponding spectra to THG signal, associating thus THG to chemical information.
THG imaging of a cancer cell.magnified imageTHG imaging of a cancer cell.
Effects of the micro–nano surface topography of titanium alloy on the biological responses of osteoblast
Authors: Yin Chengcheng , Zhang Yanjing , Cai Qing , Li Baosheng , Yang Hua , Wang Heling , Qi Hua , Zhou Yanmin , Meng Weiyan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:In clinical applications, osseointegration is essential for the long‐term stability of dental implants. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of natural bone, we applied the electrochemical etching (EC) technique to form a micro–nano structure on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) substrate, called EC surface. Sand blasting and acid etching (SLA) and machined (M) methods were employed to generate micro and smooth textures, respectively, as the control groups. The surface topographies of the three substrates were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) were cultured on substrates, and adhesion, proliferation, morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and gene expression levels of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (COLIA 1) were analyzed. MG63 cells cultured on the EC Ti alloy substrates displayed better cell adhesion, significant proliferation, and a higher production level of ALP, gene expressions of RUNX2, OCN, OPN and COLIA 1 (p <0.01 orp <0.05) compared with those of SLA and M substrates. These results indicate that the micro–nano structure fabricated by electrochemical etching method is beneficial for the biological functions of MG63 cells and may be a promising candidate in dental implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 757–769, 2017.
Mediators of Outcome in Complicated Grief Treatment
Authors: Glickman Kim , Shear M. Katherine , Wall Melanie M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveIn this study, we examined the mechanisms of action of complicated grief treatment (CGT), an efficacious psychotherapy for complicated grief.MethodWe explored 3 putative mediators (guilt/self‐blame related to the deceased, negative thoughts about the future, and avoidance) among treatment completers assigned to either CGT (n = 35) or interpersonal psychotherapy (n = 34) in a previously reported randomized controlled trial. Antidepressant use was examined as a moderator of mediation effects.ResultsA reduction in guilt/self‐blame, negative thoughts about the future, and avoidance behavior each mediated the relationship between treatment group and complicated grief outcomes. Reduction in avoidance emerged as an independent mediator after controlling for all mediators.ConclusionReducing avoidance of situations and emotions connected to the loss seems to be a key mechanism of change in CGT. Revising counterfactual thinking around troubling aspects of the death may also play a role in facilitating effective adaptation to loss.
Welcome to the ICD‐10 code for sarcopenia
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Morley John E. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe new ICD‐10‐CM (M62.84) code for sarcopenia represents a major step forward in recognizing sarcopenia as a disease. This should lead to an increase in availability of diagnostic tools and the enthusiasm for pharmacological companies to develop drugs for sarcopenia.