bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinámicas de ocupación urbana del anillo verde metropolitano de Madrid = Urban occupation dynamics of Madrid´s Metropolitan Greenbelt
Authors: Jiménez Lourdes 
Published: May 2017

RESUMEN:El Anillo Verde metropolitano, definido por el Plan General de Ordenación del Área Metropolitana de Madrid en 1963 siguiendo los modelos planteados por la cultura urbanística internacional, como armadura de la estructura urbana del AMM, espacio protagonista dentro del sistema de espacios libres, lugar de uso público destinado al recreo y contacto con la naturaleza de la población madrileña, se convierte en realidad en una reserva de suelo que va entrando en juego motivado por las alianzas entre el poder institucional y la clase social dominante actuando al margen del planeamiento, poniendo en evidencia la escasez de recursos legales y culturales disponibles para la salvaguarda de los intereses comunes y, donde los condicionantes geográficos y naturales del territorio madrileño han influido decisivamente en la especialización funcional y espacial del Área Metropolitana de Madrid. ABSTRACT:The Metropolitan Greenbelt was defined by the 1963 Master Plan for the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), following established international models of urban development, as the structural framework of the MMA, the principal open space within its network of open spaces and a public area of recreation and contact with nature for the residents of Madrid. However, it had become a reserve of land in which various alliances between the institutional authorities and the dominant social class, have been operating on the margin of the original plan, exposing a scarcity of legal and cultural resources for the safeguarding of common interests, and in which the geographical and natural characteristics of the territory itself have come to play an influential role in the functional specialization and spatial segregation of the MMA.
Review of Recent Methodological Developments in Group-Randomized Trials: Part 2—Analysis
Authors: Turner Elizabeth L. , Prague Melanie , Gallis John A. , Li Fan , Murray David M. 
Published: May 2017

In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have updated that review with developments in analysis of the past 13 years, with a companion article to focus on developments in design.We discuss developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., methods for parallel-arm GRTs, individually randomized group-treatment trials, and missing data) and in new topics, including methods to account for multiple-level clustering and alternative estimation methods (e.g., augmented generalized estimating equations, targeted maximum likelihood, and quadratic inference functions).In addition, we describe developments in analysis of alternative group designs (including stepped-wedge GRTs, network-randomized trials, and pseudocluster randomized trials), which require clustering to be accounted for in their design and analysis.
Fe en Acción: Promoting Physical Activity Among Churchgoing Latinas
Authors: Arredondo Elva M , Elder John P. , Haughton Jessica , Slymen Donald J. , Sallis James F. , Perez Lilian G. , Serrano Natalicio , Parra Maíra T. , Valdivia Rodrigo , Ayala Guadalupe X. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a faith-based intervention to promote physical activity in Latinas. Methods. We randomized 16 churches in San Diego County, California, to a physical activity intervention or cancer screening comparison condition (n = 436). The intervention followed an ecological framework and involved promotoras. We examined 12-month intervention effects, including accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and secondary outcomes. We conducted the study from 2010 to 2016. Results. Mixed effects analyses showed significant increases in accelerometer-based MVPA (effect size = 0.25) and self-report leisure-time MVPA (effect size = 0.38) among Latinas in the intervention versus comparison condition. Participants in the intervention condition had about 66% higher odds of meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines, had reduced body mass index (effect size = 0.23), and used more behavioral strategies for engaging in physical activity (effect size = 0.42). Program attendance was associated with increased self-reported leisure-time MVPA and the number of motivational interviewing calls was associated with meeting the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines. Conclusions. A faith-based intervention was effective in increasing MVPA and decreasing body mass index among participants. Process analyses showed the value of program attendance and motivational interviewing calls.
Dissecting the Complexities of the Relationship Between Police Officer–Civilian Race/Ethnicity Dyads and Less-Than-Lethal Use of Force
Authors: Jetelina Katelyn K. , Jennings Wesley G. , Bishopp Stephen A. , Piquero Alex R. , Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To examine how sublethal use-of-force patterns vary across officer–civilian race/ethnicity while accounting for officer-, civilian-, and situational-level factors. Methods. We extracted cross-sectional data from 5630 use-of-force reports from the Dallas Police Department in 2014 and 2015. We categorized each officer–civilian interaction into race/ethnicity dyads. We used multilevel, mixed logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity dyads and the types of use of force. Results. Forty-eight percent of use-of-force interactions occurred between a White officer and a non-White civilian (White–non-White). In bivariate models, the odds of hard-empty hand control and intermediate weapon use were significantly higher among White–Black dyads compared with White–White dyads. The bivariate odds of intermediate weapon use were also significantly higher among Black–Black, Hispanic–White, Black–Hispanic, and Hispanic–Black dyads compared with White–White dyads. However, after we controlled for individual and situational factors, the relationship between race/ethnicity dyad and hard-empty hand control was no longer significant. Conclusions. Although we observed significant bivariate relationships between race/ethnicity dyads and use of force, these relationships largely dissipated after we controlled for other factors.
Violence Against Women and Household Ownership of Radios, Computers, and Phones in 20 Countries
Authors: Cardoso Lauren F. , Sorenson Susan B. 
Published: May 2017

Objectives. To examine the relationship between household ownership of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and justifications for wife beating. Methods. Women aged 15 to 49 years in 20 countries were surveyed via UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys between 2006 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regressions accounted for individual-, household-, and structural-level variables. Results. Household ownership of any ICT (radio, computer, fixed phone, or mobile phone but not television) was associated with increased odds of women rejecting wife beating. The largest association was with computer ownership: women in homes with a computer were more likely to reject wife beating (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.81; 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69, 1.93). Number of ICTs was important: women in households with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ICTs (vs 0) were more likely to reject wife-beating justifications (AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.17]; AOR = 1.10 [97.5% CI = 1.03, 1.18]; AOR = 1.19 [97.5% CI = 1.11, 1.29]; AOR = 1.71 [97.5% CI = 1.54, 1.88]; and AOR = 2.85 [97.5% CI = 2.48, 3.26]; respectively). Conclusions. Independent of household wealth, country development, and other sociodemographic factors, the more ICTs in a household, the more likely that women will reject wife-beating justifications. Policymakers and program planners should consider potential implications of ICT access relating to intimate partner violence.
Percutaneous Palliative Surgery for Femoral Neck Metastasis Using Hollow Perforated Screw Fixation and Bone Cement
Authors: Kim Yong-il , Kang Hyun Guy , Lee Jung Min , Kim June Hyuk , Kim Seok-ki , Kim Han Soo 
Published: May 2017

Background:
We introduced a new surgical method of percutaneous hollow perforated screw (HPS) fixation with concomitant bone-cement injection for the treatment of femoral neck metastasis and evaluated its efficacy for the palliative treatment of patients with advanced cancer.

Methods:
The study included 87 patients (39 men and 48 women; mean age [and standard deviation], 64.2 ± 10.2 years; mean body mass index, 24.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) who underwent percutaneous HPS fixation and cementoplasty (mean cement amount, 19.8 ± 8.3 mL) for the treatment of unilateral or bilateral femoral neck metastasis (total, 95 sites). Anesthesia type, operative time, operative blood loss, pain score changes (according to a visual analog scale [VAS]), walking status, and complications were assessed. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.1 ± 10.8 months (range, 2 to 43 months).

Results:
The majority of procedures were performed with local (3 patients) or spinal (72 patients) anesthesia (total, 75 patients; 86.2%). The mean operative time was 35.9 minutes, and the mean operative blood loss was 97.0 mL. The VAS score for pain improved significantly, from 6.8 ± 2.8 preoperatively to 2.8 ± 2.3 and 2.9 ± 2.8 at 1 and 6 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001). At 6 weeks postoperatively, 63 (80.8%) of 78 patients were able to walk (with either normal or limping gait, a cane or crutch, or a walker). The prevalence of major local complications (cement leakage into the hip joint, fixation failure) was 10.5% (10 of 95), but major systemic complications (distant cement embolism) were not found.

Conclusions:
Percutaneous HPS fixation and cementoplasty for the treatment of femoral neck metastasis is a minimally invasive technique that provides effective pain relief and early stabilization. This technique seems to be useful for patients with advanced cancer for whom open surgery would be hazardous.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Switchgrass Growth and Effects on Biomass Accumulation, Moisture Content, and Nutrient Removal
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Rocateli A. C. , West C. P. , Brye K. R. , Popp M. P. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Quantifying intra‐seasonal fluctuations allows for simulating productivity trade‐offs.
Biomass yields peaked August–September when N and K and moisture contents were elevated.
Delaying harvests to late fall reduces fertilizer replacement needs.
Temporal patterns of plant growth, composition, and nutrient removal impact development of models for predicting optimal switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) harvest times for bioenergy. Original time‐course data are needed to construct useful models. Objectives were to characterize seasonal trends in yield, tissue moisture, ash content, leaf area index (LAI), interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and macronutrient accumulation and losses. Plots were subjected to 12 single harvests May to February in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. Biomass accumulation into late summer followed a sigmoidal function, reaching an asymptote at 14 Mg ha−1, concurrent with early seed filling. During both seasons, yields decreased 26 to 32% from September to February. Moisture content declined to levels appropriate for storage (≤200 g kg−1, wet basis) by 15 December. Interception of PAR plateaued at 96% in late July 2009 and mid‐June 2010, whereas LAI declined in early July both years. Peak N uptake occurred in August 2009 and July 2010 (80 and 141 kg N ha−1, respectively). Potassium uptake peaked in July 2009 (136 kg ha−1) and in June 2010 (180 kg ha−1). Phosphorus peaked in July and August 2009 and 2010 at 16 and 17 kg ha−1, respectively. Peak biomass yields occurred in August–September when N and K uptake and moisture contents were still elevated. Delaying harvests until late fall or winter reduced fertilizer replacement needs and moisture content, but a trade‐off in yield occurred. Quantifying these intra‐seasonal changes allows for simulating productivity trade‐offs and applying those to economic and environmental analyses.
Assessment of the Effects of Total Emission Control Policies on Surface Water Quality in China: 2004 to 2014
Authors: Liu Xia , Feng Jianfeng , Qiao Yinhuan , Wang Yuqiu , Zhu Lin 
Published: May 2017

Water quality deterioration is a problem throughout the globe, especially in China. The Chinese government established national total emission control (TEC) policies related to the nation's surface water quality over the past 10 yr to restore, protect, and promote healthy water quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of China's TEC policies by analyzing three water quality constituents (ammonium nitrogen [NH4–N], dissolved oxygen [DO], and the permanganate index [CODMn]) at 73 monitoring stations, which account for most of the surface waters of eastern China. The seasonal Mann–Kendall test revealed that approximately 60, 50, and 65% of stations had nonsignificant trends for CODMn, NH4–N, and DO, respectively. Concentrations of CODMn and NH4–N significantly (α = 0.05) decreased by 27.4 and 38.4% at the monitoring stations over the 11‐yr study period, whereas DO significantly (α = 0.05) increased by 24.7%. Correlation analysis indicated that the water quality improved at approximately 30% (CODMn) and 20% (NH4–N) of monitoring sites with the reduction of water pollutant emissions from industrial sources. A seasonal pattern was observed for the three water quality parameters at most of the stations but not at a regional scale. Results also indicated that CODMn concentrations decreased significantly (α = 0.05) at most river stations but increased significantly (α = 0.05) at nearly all lake stations, suggesting that TEC in China might be more effective for rivers than for lakes and reservoirs. Although there are many nonsignificant relationships with the water quality constituents selected as top pollutants in China, a few noticeable significant relationships were established.Core Ideas
A few significant relationships were established with water quality.
TEC in China is inadequate to recover the surface water quality status of China.
More pollution sources, such as nonpoint sources, need to be considered in China.
Grower Analysis of Organic Matter Amendments in California Orchards
Authors: Khalsa Sat Darshan S. , Brown Patrick H. 
Published: May 2017

Organic matter amendments supply crop nutrients and enhance soil health, yet information specific to orchards is lacking. A survey was conducted to analyze use of these materials by California almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] growers. Significant differences were observed for benefits, concerns, and accessibility to manure and green waste sources and between users and nonusers. Use patterns were significantly influenced by heavy and light users, farm size, and geographic region. Enhanced soil biology was the main benefit attributed to organic matter amendments by both users and nonusers. Nonusers showed greater concern for food safety compared to users, and all growers reported greater concern for food safety from manure. The greatest adoption of organic matter amendments occurred on small farms (≤170 ha) located in the north San Joaquin Valley in California. Greater accessibility to manure correlated with presence of dairy farms. Poorer accessibility ratings by nonusers suggest access is a barrier to adoption, as opposed to nonusers having an undesirable view of the practice. Common management included applying organic matter amendments during tree dormancy from manure sources in composted forms with no‐till. Heavy users on small farms exhibited the greatest year‐to‐year consistency and were more flexible with selection of sources and diverse in application methods. Large farms (>170 ha) were less likely to use organic matter amendments every year and less likely to apply them on all their farm area. This study identifies a number of strategies to fill knowledge gaps, increase practice awareness, and overcome barriers to adoption.Core Ideas
We analyzed grower adoption or avoidance of organic matter amendments in California almond orchards.
We found significant differences in responses from usage groups, farm sizes, and geographic regions.
Soil biology was reported as primary benefit and food safety as primary concern from use.
Accessibility to organic matter amendments was a constraint to adoption for nonusers.
Heavy users on small farms were more consistent and flexible with management.
Measuring and Modeling Hydraulic Lift of Lolium multiflorum Using Stable Water Isotopes
Authors: Meunier Félicien , Rothfuss Youri , Bariac Thierry , Biron Philippe , Richard Patricia , Durand Jean-Louis , Couvreur Valentin , Vanderborght Jan , Javaux Mathieu 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
An experimental setup was designed to observe and accurately locate hydraulic lift.
Water stable isotope enrichment was observed in topsoil layers.
The results could be successfully reproduced using a 3D soil–root model.
This study tested a method to quantify and locate hydraulic lift (HL, defined as the passive upward water flow from wetter to dryer soil zones through the plant root system) by combining an experiment using the stable water isotope 1H218O as a tracer with a soil–plant water flow model. Our methodology consisted in (i) establishing the initial conditions for HL in a large rhizobox planted with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), (ii) labeling water in the deepest soil layer with an 18O‐enriched solution, (iii) monitoring the water O isotopic composition in soil layers to find out changes in the upper layers that would reflect redistribution of 18O‐enriched water from the bottom layers by the roots, and (iv) comparing the observed soil water O isotopic composition to simulation results of a three‐dimensional model of water flow and isotope transport in the soil–root system. Our main findings were that (i) the depth and strength of the observed changes in soil water O isotopic composition could be well reproduced with a modeling approach (RMSE = 0.2‰, i.e., equivalent to the precision of the isotopic measurements), (ii) the corresponding water volume involved in HL was estimated to account for 19% of the plant transpiration of the following day, i.e., 0.45 mm of water, and was in agreement with the observed soil water content changes, and (iii) the magnitude of the simulated HL was sensitive to both plant and soil hydraulic properties.
Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liberale Luca , Bonaventura Aldo , Montecucco Fabrizio , Dallegri Franco , Carbone Federico 
Published: May 2017

Background:The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks.Methods:This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: “red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol” in combination with “polyphenols, heart failure, infarction”.Results:Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the “French paradox”. Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk.Conclusion:Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.
PROGRAM PERHITUNGAN PELAT LANTAI BETON PADA KONDISI ELASTIS DAN KAKU DENGAN PROGRAM VISUAL BASIC
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Deshariyanto Dwi , Fansuri Subaidillah 
Published: May 2017

Pelat beton memiliki peranan penting dalam struktur bangunan gedung bertingkat, berkembangnya pertumbuhan pembangunan membutuhkan kinerja yang cepat dan akurat, untuk mempermudah dalam perhitungan pelat lantai beton dan menghemat waktu pekerjaan, sehingga dibutuhkan program perhitungan pelat lantai beton. Tujuan dari pembuatan program ini adalah untuk menambah aplikasi baru dalam dunia kesipilan dan membuat program perhitungan pelat lantai beton pada semua jenis tumpuan secara mandiri dengan hasil perhitungan yang lebih cepat dan akurat.Program ini dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman visual basic v 6.0, konsep perhitungan program yang dibuat berdasarkan tatacara perhitungan struktur pelat beton bertulang pada SNI 03-2847-2002, serta studi literatur. dari beberapa sumber lain.Program perhitungan pelat lantai beton ini diberi nama SQP (System Quickon Plate). Program SQP dilengkapi dengan fasilitas penanganan kesalahan dalam proses pemasukan data serta memiliki tampilan yang mudah untuk digunakan dan dipahami. Perhitungan dari program SQP sama dengan perhitungan manual yang mengacu pada SNI 03-2847-2002 dan buku BALOK DAN PELAT BETON BERTULANG,Ali Asroni 2010.
Shifting Quaternary migration patterns in the Bahamian archipelago: Evidence from theZamia pumilacomplex at the northern limits of the Caribbean island biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Salas‐Leiva Dayana E. , Meerow Alan W. , Calonje Michael , Francisco‐Ortega Javier , Griffith M. Patrick , Nakamura Kyoko , Sánchez Vanessa , Knowles Lindy , Knowles David 
Published: May 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The Bahamas archipelago is formed by young, tectonically stable carbonate banks that harbor direct geological evidence of global ice‐volume changes. We sought to detect signatures of major changes on gene flow patterns and reconstruct the phylogeographic history of the monophyleticZamia pumilacomplex across the Bahamas.METHODS:Nuclear molecular markers with both high and low mutation rates were used to capture two different time scale signatures and test several gene flow and demographic hypotheses.KEY RESULTS:Single‐copy nuclear genes unveiled apparent ancestral admixture on Andros, suggesting a significant role of this island as main hub of diversity of the archipelago. We detected demographic and spatial expansion of theZamia pumilacomplex on both paleo‐provinces around the Piacenzian (Pliocene)/Gelasian (Pleistocene). Populations evidenced signatures of different migration models that have occurred at two different times. Populations on Long Island (Z. lucayana) may either represent a secondary colonization of the Bahamas byZamiaor a rapid and early‐divergence event of at least one population on the Bahamas.CONCLUSIONS:Despite changes in migration patterns with global climate, expected heterozygosity with both marker systems remains within the range reported for cycads, but with significant levels of increased inbreeding detected by the microsatellites. This finding is likely associated with reduced gene flow between and within paleo‐provinces, accompanied by genetic drift, as rising seas enforced isolation. Our study highlights the importance of the maintenance of the predominant direction of genetic exchange and the role of overseas dispersion among the islands during climate oscillations.