bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Genetic Diversity of Declining Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) at its Southern Range Limits in Poland
Authors: Paul Wojciech , Cieślak Elżbieta , Ronikier Michał , Migdałek Grzegorz , Słomka Aneta , Żabicka Justyna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractViola uliginosa(bog violet) is a declining species throughout its range due to – mostly anthropogenic – drying out of the wet habitats it occupies. Using AFLP markers, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity in Polish populations, that may give an insight into the situation of plant populations facing rapid loss of natural habitats.Bog violet from several dispersed Polish populations is generally characterized by very low genetic diversity (HT= 0.048), even lower than several other endangered violets; therefore, we suggest that it should preserve at least EN rank in the red lists/red data books. The mean gene diversity within all populations (HS) was much lower than gene diversity (GST) between populations (0.020 versus 0.583, respectively) which supports the prevalence of clonal propagation of the species (mainly by stolons) but may also point to some significance of autogamy in cleisto- and chasmogamous flowers. A highFSTvalue and the Mantel test for all populations revealed significant isolation by distance. Geographically neighboring pairs of populations formed genetic clusters supported by all (in the case of two closest populations) or most statistical analyses applied. Special attention should be paid to thelocus classicusof the species in Rząska, consisting of a small number of individuals, forming a genetically distinct group, revealing very low gene diversity (Hj= 0.009) and the longest genetic distance to the remaining populations. Our results can contribute to planning future protection measures for the species at this and other locations. Genetic structure of the studied populations suggests local affinities of populations but does not generally support hypothesized recent continuity ofV. uliginosarange along the river valleys of southern Poland; this view may, however, be altered with widening of the scope of studied populations and chosen molecular markers.
Rigidity of entire graphs in weighted product spaces with nonnegative Bakry–Émery–Ricci tensor
Authors: de Lima Henrique F. , Oliveira Arlandson M. S. , Santos Márcio S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We study the rigidity of entire graphs defined over the fiber of a weighted product space whose Bakry–Émery–Ricci tensor is nonnegative. Supposing that the weighted mean curvature is constant and assuming appropriated constraints on the norm of the gradient of the smooth function u which determines such a graph Σ(u), we prove that u is constant. Our proof is based on a formula for the Laplacian of an angle function attached to a hypersurface and on a weakversion of the Omori–Yau generalized maximum principle.
The Comparison Of Different Activation Techniques To Prepare Activated Carbon Materials From Waste Cotton Fabric
Authors: Shuahua Hou Wensheng Wang , Meixia Wei , Qiaoli Xu , Mei Niu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate on the preparation of waste cotton fabric-based activated carbons by different methods. Two different kinds of carbon materials are prepared from waste cotton fabric, the structure and properties were characterized using instrumental analyses such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is revealed that the products prepared using one-step process are composed of macroporous carbon network , which looks like sponge-type morphology, and exhibit the high values of qiodine (1,198 mg/g) and qmb (235.6 ml/g), showing their potential usage as adsorbent.
Legislation on Intellectual Property in the Russian Federation: Novels Introduced in 2014
Authors: Gavrilov Eduard P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Purpose of this article is to tell foreign readers about novels made in Russian intellectual property law in 2014. As is known modern Russian revolution in the field of intellectual property legislation occurred January 1, 2008 when Russian intellectual property legislation was codified, included in the text of part fourth of the Civil Code (CC) of the Russian Federation. Part fourth of the Russian CC (Federal law №230-FZ, 2006) entered into force on January 1, 2008. At the same day seven sectoral intellectual property laws were repealed. Second Revolution in this field took place during 2014: Federal law №35-FZ, 2014, substantially amending the Fourth part on the CC, entered into force on October the 1st of 2014.

Scientific aim: The essence and evaluation of these amendments is the subject matter of this paper.

Methods: The research is based on the analysis of the new amendments and articles added to the part fourth of the CC.

Findings: Codification of the sectoral legislation en bloc in CC is a unique phenomenon. The author believes that such a construction of intellectual property law was made correctly and at the proper time. Factually the Federal Law №35-FZ (2014) is the eleventh law amending the text of the part fourth of the CC. But all previous amendments were small and not substantial. As far as amendments introduced by the law №35-FZ (2014) are concerned, they are numerous and very, very substantial. Before entering into force of the law №35-FZ (2014) (thereafter – law 35-FZ), the Part fourth of the CC contained 328 articles. The law 35-FZ amends 169 articles of it and adds seven new articles. I am convinced that the law is a rather big step towards building a modern system of intellectual property legislation in Russia.

Conclusions: More than 150 amendments were introduced by the law №35-FZ. Author estimates about 80% of them as positive and about 20% as negative and erroneous. These amendments do not contradict the international intellectual property agreements signed by the Russian Federation. Generally their purpose is to enhance and clarify the Russian intellectual property legislation and to narrow the gap between Russian and European intellectual property laws. The author of this article deals with intellectual property laws more than 50 years on. This paper is a short English version of various articles on this topic published in Russian, in journals: «The business and the law» (Chozjaistvo i pravo) and «The patents and licenses» (Patenti i licenzii).
Analysis of the morphological variation of Basque
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Gotzon 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The lack of homogeneous data recorded by similar methodologies has been a handicap to the development of more advanced studies on the dialectal variation of Basque. Now that the first five volumes of the Linguistic Atlas of the Basque Language have been published, researchers have access to a great amount of data and the possibility to use more sophisticated procedures to analyze the variation of the Basque language from a geolinguistic point of view.
In this contribution, we use data taken from the fifth volume of this atlas, which is devoted to noun morphology. First, these data will be analyzed linguistically, and instead of using the phonetic representation, we will use the phonological or underlying representation. In order to do this, we will analyze the inventory of the morphological suffixes used in nominal inflexion cases and the phonological rules which appear in these cases (mainly assimilation, dissimilation, insertion and deletion), using the classical view of generative phonology.
As far as the cartography of the data is concerned, we will use the recently created Diatech tool, instead of other dialectometrical tools, because of the multiple responses (MR) which that data show. In effect, the Diatech tool provides a more accurate processing of the MR than other tools. As well as conceptual maps, synthetic maps will be presented; these maps will show different geographical organizations of the suffixes and phonological rules.
A Contribution to the diachronic study of Galician and Portuguese prosodies
Authors: Fernández Rei Elisa , de Castro Moutinho Lurdes , Coimbra Rosa Lídia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGalician and Portuguese have a common origin. This genetic affiliation is not accompanied by any historical continuity (Monteagudo 2012: 38), as these language varieties were separated in a distant past, mainly through the establishment of a political and administrative boundary between their territories. This lack of contact is interesting when studying common and divergent linguistic phenomena, in particular in the field of prosody and intonation, as it presupposes a challenge to historical study, given that we only recently have sound recordings of speech. Our proposal is therefore to contribute towards a diachronic study of the intonation of absolute interrogatives in Galician and Portuguese by using synchronic data collected over the past decade. We aim to show the usefulness of the quantitative method of measuring prosodic distances, because it enables us to determine geographic areas using common standards and shows the degree of separation between the intonations of the two varieties.
Optimal Placement Method of RFID Readers in
Industrial Rail Transport for Uneven Rail Traflc
Volume Management
Authors: Rakhmangulov Aleksandr , Muravev Dmitri , Mishkurov Pavel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The issue of operative data reception on location
and movement of railcars is significant the constantly
growing requirements of the provision of timely and safe
transportation. The technical solution for efficiency improvement
of data collection on rail rolling stock is the
implementation of an identification system. Nowadays,
there are several such systems, distinguished in working
principle. In the authors’ opinion, the most promising for
rail transportation is the RFID technology, proposing the
equipping of the railway tracks by the stationary points
of data reading (RFID readers) from the onboard sensors
on the railcars. However, regardless of a specific type and
manufacturer of these systems, their implementation is affiliated
with the significant financing costs for large, industrial,
rail transport systems, owning the extensive network
of special railway tracks with a large number of stations
and loading areas. To reduce the investment costs for
creation, the identification system of rolling stock on the
special railway tracks of industrial enterprises has developed
the method based on the idea of priority installation
of the RFID readers on railway hauls, where rail traffic volumes
are uneven in structure and power, parameters of
which is difficult or impossible to predict on the basis of
existing data in an information system. To select the optimal
locations of RFID readers, the mathematical model
of the staged installation of such readers has developed
depending on the non-uniformity value of rail traffic volumes,
passing through the specific railway hauls. As a result of that approach, installation of the numerous RFID
readers at all station tracks and loading areas of industrial
railway stations might be not necessary,which reduces the
total cost of the rolling stock identification and the implementation
of the method for optimal management of transportation
process.
Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of cycloheptyl substituted benzimidazolium salts and their silver(I) carbene complexes
Authors: Karataş Mert Olgun , Günal Selami , Mansur Ahmet , Alıcı Bülent , Çetinkaya Engin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Due to increasing infections caused by microbes, there is an urgent need for the development of new effective antimicrobial agents. Silver-N-heterocyclic carbene (silver-NHC) complexes are a new class of antimicrobial agents. In this study, we aimed to synthesize highly lipophilic silver-NHC complexes. Four new complexes were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding benzimidazolium salts and Ag2O in dichloromethane at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial performances of benzimidazolium salts and silver complexes were tested against the standard bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all compounds were determined. The obtained data demonstrate that all benzimidazolium salts and silver complexes inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Silver complexes are more active than the corresponding benzimidazolium salts (MIC: 6.25 μg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and fungi).
Report of Enodiotrema megachondrus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1901 (Digenea: Plagiorchiidae) in a green turtle Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Brazil
Authors: Werneck M. R. , Modolo Conti L. , Berger B. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
This paper describes the occurrence of Enodiotrema megachondrus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1901 in a juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) found on the coast of Brazil. This parasite has been described in Caretta caretta from Egypt, France, the Mediterranean Sea, the Madeira Archipelago, the Adriatic Sea and the USA, in C. mydas from Egypt and the USA, in Eretmochelys imbricata from Cuba, in Lepidochelys olivacea from Mexico and Costa Rica and in Lepidochelys kempii from USA. This note represents the first report of E. megachondus in a green sea turtle in the South-West Atlantic Ocean.
Characterisation of Trichodorus similis (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) associated with potato from the Czech Republic
Authors: Elshishka M. , Peneva V. , Lazarova S. , Kumari S. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Trichodorus similis associated with potato in the Czech Republic was described and illustrated. This study provides additional information on morphometrical and morphological characters of T. similis and integrates morphological and genetic data obtained by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (ITS1 and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA). The knowledge on morphological variability and genetic diversity is extended, and a rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics was successfully applied.
Dreams, aspirations and related behavior in children and adolescents: impacts on child developmental outcomes
Authors: Wu Florence K.Y. , Shek Daniel T.L. , Leung Hildie 
Published: November 2016

Abstract“Dreams”, “aspirations” and related constructs are traditionally regarded as facilitators of adolescent educational attainment in the Chinese context. Besides, there is an emergent need to widen the understanding of such constructs and their impact on children and adolescent developmental outcomes. This paper discusses the developmental outcomes of dreams, aspiration and related concepts based on a thorough review of the literature. Besides outlining the impacts of aspirations, dreams and related constructs on children and adolescents, features of related intervention programs, including themes of the intervention programs, program participants, methods of implementation and evaluation in both Western and Chinese contexts are also documented.
Personal Network Analysis and Health among Latinas
Authors: Frank Lauren B. , Murphy Sheila T. , Ball-Rokeach Sandra 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Interpersonal contacts play important roles in women’s health decisions. By using personal network analysis with a focus on specific role relationships, we can better examine interpersonal influences on health decision-making. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys of Hispanic women (N = 1632). Using an ego network name generator and name interpreters, participants detailed their personal networks for discussion about women’s health issues. Participants reported a mean of 1.99 (SD = 1.33) social network contacts with whom they discuss women’s health issues, of whom the most commonly reported contacts were female friends, sisters, mothers, and husbands, boyfriends, or partners. Many of the contacts nominated were family members, yielding a high personal network density (M = 0.84, SD = 0.32). Controlling for participant demographics and other forms of social influence, role relations’ encouragement to get a Pap test and personal network exposure to Pap test discussions were associated with Pap test status. Personal network analysis should leverage information on specific role relations. Given the importance of personal network contacts for women’s health status, health educators and medical professionals must account for women’s personal social networks in developing health interventions.
Analysing social networks in rural development: a gender approach
Authors: Esparcia Javier , Serrano J. Javier 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Gender issues are of growing importance in the European and Spanish rural areas. The literature reflects that women have traditionally been linked to marginal positions in economic life, social activities and even political representation at the local level. Local development programs that have been implemented in Europe’s rural areas have had among its objectives the improvement of the articulation of local communities. To reach them, it has been fostered, among others, a gender perspective, promoting both productive activities led by women and their participation as stakeholders in the management and decision-making structures of such programmes. In this paper, we addressed this latter issue. The study focuses on a sample of 30 relevant social actors linked to the implementation of a rural development programme in the county of Rincón de Ademuz (Valencia, Spain) from the mid-1990s to recent date. Through Social Network Analysis, gender differences and women’s roles within the social network are studied in two differentiated periods. This analysis reveals that despite women representing a minority among the relevant stakeholders, their level of participation, prestige, position in the network, and frequency of relationships, among other indicators, are comparable with respect to those sustained by men. Therefore, it cannot be said, as reflected in some of the literature, that women tend to occupy marginal positions in the structure of social relations of local development programs.
Social network dynamics in the course of family formation: Results from a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Authors: Klärner Andreas , Keim Sylvia , von der Lippe Holger 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this article we examine the relationship between various biographical transitions of young adulthood and the structure of social networks. We ask how personal networks change in size and composition over the course of family formation or expansion, and due to other biographical transitions. We use data from an exploratory longitudinal study that uses mixed methods of social network analysis. We were able to reconnect with 29 of 98 young adults who were interviewed from 2004 to 2006, and conducted detailed qualitative interviews with 18 of them in 2011. Our findings suggest that biographical transitions do rather have an effect on the composition than on the size of personal networks. Biographical transitions do not necessarily lead to a decrease in network size due to network partners dropping out. These network partners often get substituted by new network partners that match changing priorities in different life stages. Particularly important transitions are the interviewees’ own parenthood, as well as the parenthood of their network partners. Transitions in relationship status, relocations, and job changes were also identified as relevant biographical transitions.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Leistungsgeschehen im ambulanten und stationären Sektor des deutschen Gesundheitswesens / The Relationship Between Service Events in the Ambulatory and Hospital Sectors of the German Health System
Authors: Kopetsch Thomas 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The strict separation between the ambulatory and hospital sectors of the German health system has been the subject of massive criticism on the grounds that it is (one of the factors) responsible for inefficiencies. This article describes an empirical study of the relationship between service events in the ambulatory and hospital sectors of the German health system. The aim of the study is to facilitate an assessment of the consequences of abolishing Germany’s almost unique dual specialist structure, a move widely considered politically desirable.
The results of the empirical analyses of the relationship between the service events in the two sectors are ambiguous. When the analysis is based on the density of office-based doctors, services in some medical specialities can be interpreted as complementing each other. When the number of cases per office-based doctor is taken as the basis, however, the relationship can be seen as substitutive, since the more patients a doctor treats, the fewer the number of hospital cases recorded in the region. Finally, when the ambulatory cases are considered as a whole, the relationship between the sectors is again seen to be complementary.
It is impossible to determine unambiguously whether the fundamental relationship between the sectors is predominantly complementary or substitutive. There is thus a need for further research.
Labor Market Transitions and the Wage Structure in Germany
Authors: Garloff Alfred , Fitzenberger Bernd 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Equilibrium search theory suggests that the wage distribution in a cross section of workers is closely related to labor market transitions and associated wage changes. Accordingly, job-to-job transitions are central in explaining the wage distribution. This paper uses the IAB employment subsample 1975-2001 to describe the empirics of labor market transitions and the wage structure in Germany. Motivated by search theory, we use the data to explore descriptively labor market transitions and features of the wage structure. We find that labor market transition rates vary substantially over the business cycle and with individual characteristics. Regarding job-to-job transitions, we find huge wage changes. Most job changes involve considerable gains, but a sizeable number of individuals incurs a remarkable loss. Regarding the wage structure, we find strong effects of job-to-job transitions, age, and education on wage mobility. Based on our descriptive analysis, we conclude that indeed a close relationship exists between wages and labor market transitions as predicted by search theory. However, the noticeable share of wage losses following job-to-job changes contradicts a simple search-theoretic perspective.
Selbständigkeit in Europa 1991–2003: Empirische Evidenz mit Länderdaten / Self-Employment in 15 European Countries 1991–2003
Authors: Göggel Kathrin , Gräb Johannes , Pfeiffer Friedhelm 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The number of self-employed workers in Europe has been in decline since the 1990s. At the same time unemployment has decreased and GDP per capita increased. In this study we analyse macroeconomic causes of these trends for the EU 15. We use data from the European Labour Force Survey for the period from 1991 to 2003. Our panel data analyses suggest that the number of self-employed workers in the EU 15 decreases with falling unemployment, while GPD per capita at first augments but later on diminishes self-employment. Rising real interest rates and rising tax rates decrease self-employment. Unemployment and tax rates seem to enhance especially the number of single entrepreneurs and not the number of self-employed with employees. The findings for Europe suggest that self-employment in itself is not necessarily an appropriate economic policy objective when considering the strong effects on single entrepreneurs and the nonlinear correlation between self-employment and GDP per capita.