bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 19 Neuropsychiatric Determinants of Cognitive Complaints Following COVID-19: a Comparative Study
Authors: Nemanim Natasha , Roth Alyssa , Angelini Sofia , Hansen Gabrielle , Perez Veronica B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Fatigue, anxiety, depression, and stress (FADS) may co-exist with neurocognitive complaints (NC) of “brain fog” reported beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. FADS have been implicated in NC in other conditions. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between FADS and NC following COVID-19 and speak to the relationship between NC and time since acute illness. Moreover, given disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 amongst people of the global majority (PGM), this study highlights differences between PGM and non-PGM participants in these trends. It is expected that FADS will correlate with NC and vary according to PGM-affiliation.

Method
Sixty-six participants with a history of COVID-19 within the past eight months (22 PGM, 44 non-PGM) completed the Everyday Cognition Scale (modified scale of NC), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.

Results
In PGM participants, significant Pearson correlations were observed between NCs and fatigue (r = 0.57, p = 0.009), anxiety (r = 0.87, p &lt; 0.001), depression (r = 0.70, p &lt; 0.001), and stress (r = 0.68, p = 0.001). Non-PGM NCs were also associated with anxiety (r = 0.53, p &lt; 0.001), depression (r = 0.59, p &lt; 0.001), and stress (r = 0.27, p = 0.007), but not fatigue. The relationship between subjective neurocognitive concerns and time since acute illness was not significant for either group.

Conclusions
FADS relates to NC across PGM and non-PGM groups. Neuropsychologists evaluating patients presenting with subjective cognitive complaints following COVID-19 should assess for FADS in their comprehensive evaluations. Targeting interventions for FADS (as applicable) may yield a decline in NC.
B - 21 11-Year Longitudinal Study of a Competitive Swimmer Following a Severe TBI
Authors: Getz Maia , Getz Glen E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Symptoms of severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are oftentimes significant, long lasting, and treated by a variety of medications and therapies. Although exercise is known to be beneficial for brain health, the effects of substantial exercise on recovery following severe TBI (sTBI) in female athletes are undiscovered.

Method
This case study examines a 51-year-old woman who sustained a sTBI, involving multiple hemorrhagic contusions to the right cerebellum, inferior bilateral frontal lobes, anterior left temporal lobe, and diffuse axonal injury on 8/5/13 from a bicycle accident, resulting in a 13-day coma and cognitive impairment. She underwent 6 brain surgeries, an artificial skull implant and intensive therapies. Before the accident, she was a competitive swimmer and triathlon racer. Despite being told that she would never swim again, she resumed swimming on 09/1/14. She swims 6 days a week for 90-minutes a day, winning open water races.

Results
Examination from four neuropsychological assessments over 11 years provide substantial longitudinal data. Results revealed improvement over the 4 testing periods particularly on processing speed, verbal fluency, and Boston Naming Test with t-score differences ranging between 8 and 24. Additionally, she performed in the average range on General Abilities Index, NAB Mazes, and Trail Making Test across all four assessments.

Conclusion
This longitudinal case study provides evidence that extensive swimming is associated with cognitive recovery from sTBI in a female athlete and documents her return to high level exercise and competition. Evidence suggests that carefully tailored and monitored exercise programs can benefit long term cognitive following from sTBI.
B - 24 Assessing Cognitive Impairment within a High-Blast Risk Military Force
Authors: Baginski Julia , Darr Andrew , Basham Angela , Bailie Jason , Babakhanyan Ida 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) is a military occupational specialty that is particularly high risk for blast exposures as well as psychologically traumatic combat experiences. We explore cognitive performance, symptom profiles, and blast exposure history of this group.

Methods
Participants were recruited from an active duty TBI rehabilitation center. Of 123 participants, 12 were EOD (Other N = 111). Learning and memory (HVLT-R), sustained attention (PASAT) and executive functioning (DKEFS) were assessed. A Global Deficit Score (GDS) was calculated to determine impairment. Neurobehavioral symptoms (NSI), PTSD and depressive symptoms (PCL-M and PHQ-8), combat (CES) and blast exposures (BETS) history were also assessed.

Results
When comparing EOD to Other, age, number of mTBIs, and blast exposures were comparable (p’s &gt; 0.05). There was a trend for EOD to report fewer symptoms and more combat deployments. EOD reported greater exposure to combat (CES p = 0.004, d = 0.90) and performed stronger cognitively. HVLT-R-Total (EOD M = 48.50, SD = 9.46; Other M = 39.13, SD = 11.67; p = 0.008, d = 0.82), HVLT-R-Delayed (EOD M = 45.75, SD = 11.11, Other M = 38.61, SD = 13.76; p = 0.09, d = 0.53) and PASAT (EOD M = 54.10, SD = 7.37; Other M = 46.56, SD = 10.21; p = 0.014, d = 0.76). 50.4% of the overall sample and 16.7% of the EOD sample were determined to have cognitive impairment (GDS p = 0.015).

Conclusions
Results highlight the importance of baseline assessment for higher functioning specialized populations. EOD performed better than general forces on cognitive measures, including memory domains previously identified to be impacted by blast exposures. EOD presents with greater kinetic combat experiences that expose them to psychologically traumatic events despite reporting fewer symptoms. Most notable is the high rate of cognitive impairment in an active military force.
B - 26 Exploring the Relationship between Traumatic Brain Injury History and Cognitive Impairment in a Diverse Community-Based Sample
Authors: Lee Diamond , Longoria Anthony , Kaser Alyssa , Kronenberger Oscar , Lacritz Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) with/without loss of consciousness (LOC) may impact cognition later in life; however, there is a paucity of research investigating this association in diverse samples. This study evaluated whether a history of TBI and LOC is associated with neurocognitive impairment in a racially diverse, community-based sample.

Methods
Participants from a population-based multiethnic cohort (N = 769; Mage = 61.8; Meduc = 14.5; 61% Female; 45% Black, 40% White, 10.6% Hispanic/Latinx, and 1.6% Asian) completed a brief neurocognitive assessment and the Texas Evaluation of Concussion History (TECH) survey. Descriptive statistics were gathered to determine the prevalence of concussion history (+/− LOC) across ethno-racial groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined whether concussion history +/− LOC was associated with a later consensus diagnosis of cognitive impairment.

Results
Thirty-two percent of the sample reported concussion history (Mconcuss = 2.55), 49.5% of which involved LOC. Fewer Black individuals reported concussion (25.3%) and LOC (35.7%) compared to their White (43.3%, LOC = 55.7%) and Hispanic/Latinx (33.1%, LOC = 58.1%) counterparts (ps &lt; 0.01). Self-reported concussion history (OR = 1.12, 95%CI = [0.79–1.6], p = 0.53) and LOC (OR = 1.3, 95%CI = [0.75–2.3], p = 0.34), controlling for age, sex, education, and ethno-racial background, did not predict later cognitive diagnosis (impaired/not impaired).

Conclusion
Findings revealed differential rates of self-reported concussion among racial/ethnic groups, but history of concussion +/− LOC was not associated with subsequent cognitive diagnosis in this sample. Although concussion history was not associated with cognitive diagnosis in this sample, future research is needed to explore the impact of the number and severity of TBI on later cognition.
B - 32 Neurological Problems in Boxers during the 20th Century: a Review and Synthesis
Authors: Iverson Grant L , Kostelecky Nicolas , Ahrendsen Jared , Nassan Malik , Jamshidi Pouya , Castellani Rudolph J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
There are no validated clinical diagnostic criteria for chronic traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). To understand the historical clinical condition, its applicability to modern day athletes, and the pathogenesis of clinical problems, we examined the literature in boxers from the 20th century, with specific attention to neurological findings and characteristics of clinical disease progression.

Data Selection
Data were extracted for 243 boxers included in 45 articles published between 1928 and 1999, including cases from articles originally published in German. The presence or absence of 22 neurological signs and features were extracted.

Data Synthesis
The most common neurological problems were slurring dysarthria (49%), gait disturbances (44%), and memory loss (36%), with several other problems that were less frequent, including hyperreflexia (25%), ataxia (22%), increased tone (19%), and extensor Babinski sign (16%). Frank dementia appeared in some cases (17%). There were significantly fewer neurological deficits reported in boxers who fought in the latter part of the 20th century compared to boxers who fought earlier in the century. For most cases, there were no comments about whether the neurological problems were progressive (145, 60%). A progressive condition was described in 71 cases (29%) and a stationary or improving condition was described in 27 cases (11%). Canonical neurodegenerative disease-like progression was described in 15 cases (6%).

Conclusions
Neurological problems associated with boxing-related neurotrauma during the 20th century are the foundation for present day TES. However, the clinical signs and features in the 20th century differ in most ways from the modern criteria for TES.
B - 33 A Preliminary Study of the Influence of Thoughts that Prevent Concussion Reporting in Female College Athletes
Authors: D'Andrea Alexandra N , Blakeslee Austin C , Dhawlikar Rina U , Ernst William , Kneavel Meredith E , McCarthy Kevin S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the influence of barriers that prevent intention to report concussions in female athletes. Hypothesis: NCAA Division 1 (D1) athletes will have higher overall reporting barrier scores than Division 3 (D3).

Method
Participants/Setting: 70 participants started the study and 13 were removed due to incomplete questionnaires, resulting in 57 participants (38 from D1). Athletes participating in contact sports (e.g., soccer) were recruited via email or flyers posted in training rooms. Measurement: A 21-item online questionnaire consisting of eight demographic questions and 13 questions related to barriers that prevent reporting. The barrier items were modified from themes derived from a published qualitative study of 503 collegiate athletes who completed a reporting worksheet. Participants rated agreeability [0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree)] for the items that prevent reporting.

Results
Descriptive statistics indicated barriers likely to prevent reporting (e.g., Losing Playing Time; M = 78.02, SD = 22.61) and those less likely (e.g., Negative Reaction from Teammates; M = 44.75, SD = 31.63). The overall barrier to reporting score was not significantly different between D1 (M = 817.34, SD = 247.90) and D3 (M = 740.11, SD = 225.74), t (55) = 1.141, p = 0.259, d = 0.32. The internal consistency of the 13 barrier items was good, α = 0.852.

Conclusions
Barriers to reporting with greater saliency were identified, which may need to be prioritized during concussion education. The overall questionnaire score did not significantly differ between D1 and D3 suggesting that barriers operate similarly at different levels of competition. The questionnaire’s good internal consistency suggests it has potential as a research tool.
B - 37 Are There Differences In Later-In-Life Brain Health Symptoms among Adults Who Previously Played Contact Sports and Noncontact Sports?
Authors: Rigney Grant H , DeOliveira Nick , Dugan John E , Jo Jacob , Jonzzon Soren , Williams Kristen L , Zuckerman Scott , Terry Douglas P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
There is increasing concern that repetitive head impacts sustained during youth contact sports may be associated with potential long-term brain health consequences. This study evaluated health outcomes in adults with a history of exposure to contact sports, noncontact sports, and no sports.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey study categorized participants based on their prior participation in sports (i.e., contact sports, non-contact sports, and no sports). Outcome variables were scores on the British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (bc-CCI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). One-way ANOVA and chi-squared tests assessed group differences, and multivariable linear regressions assessed the effect of sport exposure history and covariates (e.g., age, gender, education, number of prior concussions) on the outcome variables.

Results
Of the 1100 participants (age: 53.6 ± 17.7; 55% women), individuals with contact sport exposure reported more lifetime concussions (Mcontact = 1.7 ± 2.4, Mnoncontact = 0.8 ± 1.3, Mno sport = 0.7 ± 1.3; p.05). Predictors of higher bc-CCI scores included younger age (p &lt; 0.001), lower education (p &lt; 0.001), and number of lifetime concussions (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Although individuals with contact sport exposure reported a greater number of concussions, total years of exposure to contact sports did not predict later-in-life cognitive, depressive, or anxiety symptoms.
B - 41 Mild Head Injury (MHI), Unrelated Abnormal Brain Findings, Collateral Support, Video EEG and Neuropsychological Findings: a Case Study of Functional Seizure Disorder
Authors: Lazarus Theophilus , Lazarus Gershom T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Functional seizure disorders, a form of conversion disorder with contributing biological, psychological, and social factors, pose a differential diagnostic challenge. Integrating video EEG, CT Brain Scan, collateral support and neuropsychological findings in diagnosis is discussed.

Method
The absence of epileptiform activity in video-EEG distinguishes functional and epileptic seizures. A case study is presented of a young adult male who sustained a MHI in a motor vehicle accident, presenting with a seizure disorder two weeks thereafter. Twenty-four-hour video EEG using photic stimulation revealed grunting sounds, head extension, clenched hands, back arching, jerking with associated paradoxical heavy breathing (shown in video clip), similar to family eyewitness descriptions. Hyperventilation was associated with generalized slowing. No epileptiform activity was noted. Unenhanced CT Brain Scan revealed global symmetrical age-incongruent cerebral involutional change.

Results
Neuropsychological assessment using CNS Vital Signs Test revealed variable scores, with “very low” scores on Complex Attention (raw score 17; SS = 68; 2nd Percentile); Cognitive Flexibility (raw score 28; SS =66; 1st percentile) and Processing Speed (raw score = 38; SS = 67; 1st percentile). “Above average” scores were found for Composite Memory (raw score 107; SS = 113; 81st percentile) and Verbal Memory (raw score = 59; SS = 122; 93rd percentile).

Conclusions
Brain involutional changes suggest pre-existing functional immaturity, instability of brain regions, or reduced neural connections may precede the diagnosis of Functional Seizure Disorders, precipitated by the MHI. In addition to video EEG, selected neuropsychological findings and collateral information provide additional support to confirm this complex disorder.
B - 42 Evaluating the MMPI-3 Somatic/Cognitive Scales in Service Members and Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)
Authors: Herring Tristan T , Ingram Paul B , Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Shura Robert D , Turkstra Lyn , Lu Lisa H , Curtiss Glenn C , Bowles Amy O , Eapen Blessen C , Cooper Douglas B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 3 (MMPI-3) Somatic/Cognitive scales is limited, but primarily focused on their relationships with symptom and performance validity tests. This study expands prior literature by providing extensive Somatic/Cognitive Scale correlates with symptom validity tests and neurocognitive measures in a sample of active-duty personnel and veterans.

Method
The study included Active-duty Service Members (n = 22) and Veterans (n = 31). Various measures of cognitive abilities and symptom validity were examined as a function of the Cognitive Complaints (COG) scale.

Results
Moderate to large differences were observed between COG groups across all MMPI-3 overreporting scales and all somatic/cognitive scales, save the NUC scale (g = 0.66–1.31 [excluding NUC]). Groups differed on three Memory Complaints Inventory memory scales: General (g = 0.89), Visuo-spatial (g = 0.62), and Verbal (g = 0.97). No significant differences were observed across cognitive tests (e.g., WAIS, CVLT). COG was moderately associated with all MMPI-3 overreporting and most somatic/cognitive scales (r = 0.30–0.72). Small to moderate correlations were observed between COG and most external validity and neurocognitive measures (r = 0.05–0.60).

Conclusions
Results suggest the COG scale primarily captures subjective distress rather than objective neurocognitive performance, consistent with prior work (Gervais et al., 2009). These patterns are especially pronounced in emotional, social, and somatic symptom domains. Additionally, COG scores were associated with MMPI-3 overreporting scores, but COG had weaker associations with external neurocognitive and symptom validity measures. These results suggest that COG has weak convergent validity with other self-report measures of cognition (e.g., Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory).
B - 43 Utility of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) as a Measure of Functional Recovery across the TBI Rehabilitation Continuum
Authors: Tremaine Monique J , Petrosyan Hayk J , Greenwald Brian , Goldin Yelena , Xie Minge , Chandran Onrina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the utility of the AM-PAC (Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care) for functional assessment of patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) across inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation settings. We evaluated (1) Longitudinal changes (1-year) in cognitive and physical recovery patterns across the rehabilitation continuum (2) Concurrent validity of AM-PAC as compared to traditional measures.

Method
A prospective repeated measures cohort study of adults with TBI (n = 186), where 87 participants received inpatient rehabilitation (IR), and 99 participants received outpatient cognitive rehabilitation (CR). Functional recovery was assessed at IR admission, discharge, 6 months and 1 year, and at admission/discharge from CR for post-acute participants. Functional measures included AM-PAC-Basic Mobility (BM), Daily Activities (DA), and Applied Cognitive (AC) domains, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB), Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O), and Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4: self-awareness).

Results
The AMPAC was sensitive to changes throughout the care continuum, demonstrating medium effect sizes across all three functional domains. Notably, AMPAC scores showed greater change compared to traditional tools (90% and 68% confidence levels). Additionally, analysis of Minimum Detectable Change thresholds demonstrated significant improvements, across settings and within moderate/severe TBI (p &lt; 0.05), followed by predictably smaller gains in the mild TBI population (p &lt; 0.05), underscoring the clinical relevance of these findings.

Conclusions
Results demonstrate that the AM-PAC is a practical, valid and sensitive scale responsive to longitudinal ecological and functional change in TBI. Analysis confirms the effectiveness of functional assessments, particularly emphasizing strengths of the AMPAC.
B - 45 Assessing MMPI-3 Substantive Scales in Service Members and Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): Association with Criterion Symptom Measures
Authors: Sapp Ali A , Herring Tristan T , Ingram Paul B , Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Shura Robert D , Turkstra Lyn , Lu Lisa O , Curtiss Glenn , Bowles Amy O , Eapen Blessen C , Cooper Douglas B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Assessment-3’s (MMPI-3) utility in treatment is scarce, primarily investigating prediction of traumatic symptoms and suicidal risk (Keen et al., 2022; Morris et al., 2024). However, few studies have examined these scales in treatment settings. The current study expands prior research by examining the MMPI-3 substantive scales in a neurocognitive rehabilitation setting from baseline through 12 weeks post treatment.

Methods
Relative risk ratios evaluated whether Active-duty (n = 22) and Veterans (n = 31) with MMPI-3 scale elevations had an increased likelihood of elevation on common symptom measures (Post-traumatic Checklist-DSM-5 [PCL-5] ≥ 31; Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression [CES-D] ≥ 16; Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory [NSI] ≥ 57) across four timepoints (baseline, one week, four weeks, 12 weeks).

Results
Those with elevated (T ≥ 65) scores on MMPI-3 substantive scales, particularly for the internalizing and thought dysfunction scales, have increased likelihood of meeting screening criteria on the PCL-5. Numerous scales also predicted CES-D elevation; however, both CES-D and NSI elevations were less pronounced. The NSI was weakly associated with most MMPI-3 substantive scales.

Conclusions
Veterans and Active-duty personnel with MMPI-3 substantive elevations will likely elevate concurrent measures of symptom severity. Neurocognitive symptoms produce less reliable associations. Longitudinal associations with criterion measures will provide a needed area of expanded validity for the MMPI-3.