bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Powered Mobility Intervention Is Associated With Improvements in Development and Participation for Young Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Feldner Heather A , Logan Samuel W , Otieno Sango , Fragomeni Anna , Kono Carissa , Riordan Katie , Sloane Bethany , Kenyon Lisa K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 short-term powered mobility interventions across developmental domains, participation, and perceptions of intervention implementation for young children with cerebral palsy and their families.

Methods
This randomized, crossover clinical trial compared 2 powered mobility interventions: the Explorer Mini (Permobil AB, Timra, Sweden) and an adapted ride-on toy car. Analyses included 24 children aged 12 to 36 months, recruited from 3 sites. Each device was trialed in the home for an 8-week period for a total of 16 weeks. Three in-person study visits took place at baseline, crossover, and study completion, and 2 additional virtual check-ins were conducted for each device trial period. Outcome measures included all domains of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4); Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) participation questionnaire; and t3 perceptual implementation measures: Acceptability of Intervention Measure, Intervention Appropriateness Measure, and Feasibility of Intervention Measure. Analyses included descriptive statistics, 2 by 3 group × time analysis of variance, and post hoc t tests as warranted.

Results
Statistically significant mean improvements were observed in all domains of the Bayley-4 and in the self-care subscale of the CEDL regardless of device order. Caregivers ranked both devices as acceptable and feasible to implement, although the Explorer Mini was ranked slightly more favorably than the adapted ride-on toy car, with a device order effect being observed.

Conclusion
Short-term powered mobility intervention may advance multiple domains of development and participation for young children with cerebral palsy. Caregivers rated 2 different powered mobility devices favorably as part of their child’s early intervention strategies.

Impact
This study enhances the quality of evidence available to clinicians and families to support decision-making about powered mobility intervention for young children with motor disabilities, especially those who may be reluctant to begin powered mobility due to stigma or concern for motor skill development.

Lay Summary
In this study, children with cerebral palsy used 2 different powered mobility devices over 16 weeks. The goal of the study was to understand how powered mobility device use affected the children’s movement, communication, learning, and social interactions. The goal was also to understand how caregivers felt about the intervention and device options.
Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Placebo in Subjects at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: The PURPOSE Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Winter-van Rossum Inge , Slot Margot I E , van Hell Hendrika H , Bossong Matthijs G , Berger Gregor , Aschauer Harald , Maat Arija , Walitza Susanne , Lavan Orly , Baeza Inmaculada , Dolz Montserrat , Monducci Elena , Fiori Nastro Paolo , Kroken Rune Andreas , Lawrie Stephen M , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga Martinez , Renner Tobias , Schlögelhofer Monika , Scharinger Christian , Spalletta Gianfranco , Banaj Nerisa , Otero Soraya , Schipper Maria , Kwakkel Dorieke Brink- ,   the PURPOSE Study Group, Ayora Miriam , Bjarke Jill , Aaberg Linn Marie Elise , Haugen Egil Anders , Ciullo Valentina , Ferrara Mauro , Maffucci Alessia , Mammarella Valeria , Piras Federica , Vecchio Daniela , Corredera Margarita Miguel , Gomez Jana Gonzalez , Ayesa-Ariola Rosa , Galvañ Joaquín , Durán-Cutilla Manuel , Apter Alan , Baldinger Liem , Müller Elena , Conzelmann Annette , Barth Gottfried Maria , Probst Fabian , de la Serna Elena , Sugranyes Gisela , Fortea Adriana , Fabra Jordina Tor , Aschauer Elena , Kollndorfer Kathrin , Györbiro Klara , Kahn Rene S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
In the past 2 decades, substantial effort has been put into research on therapeutic options for people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing a first episode of psychosis (FEP), focusing on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing transition to psychosis. Despite an initial positive finding, subsequent studies failed to find a beneficial effect. The current study aimed to further investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs in UHR, to determine whether this line of research is worth pursuing.

Study Design
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study testing the efficacy of 6-month treatment with omega-3 PUFAs in 135 subjects at UHR for FEP, aged 13 to 20 years on the prevention of a transition to psychosis, followed up for 18 months post-treatment. The trial was conducted at 16 general hospitals and psychiatric specialty centers located in 8 European countries and Israel.

Study Results
There was no beneficial effect of treatment with omega-3 PUFAs compared to placebo; the rate of transition over 2 years did not differ between treatment arms nor was there a difference in change in symptom severity after 6-month treatment. Dropout rates and serious adverse events were similar across the groups.

Conclusions
This is the third study that fails to replicate the original finding on the protective effect of omega-3 PUFAs in UHR subjects for transition to psychosis. The accumulating evidence therefore suggests that omega-3 PUFAs do not reduce transition rates to psychosis in those at increased risk at 2 years follow-up.

Clinical Trials
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02597439; Study Details | Placebo-controlled Trial in Subjects at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis With Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Europe | ClinicalTrials.gov).
The Moral Foundations of Christian Nationalism
Authors: Goff Kerby , Silver Eric , Iceland John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Why does Christian Nationalism (CN) resonate with some Americans but not others? We employ Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to fill this gap. MFT posits that individuals possess a moral matrix made up of concerns for group cohesion (authority, loyalty, and sanctity), egalitarian ideals (care and fairness), and individual autonomy (liberty). Using a nationally representative survey (N = 1,125), we find that support for CN is largely motivated by concerns for in-group loyalty and sanctity but not authority, while opposition is motivated by concerns for fairness, but not care. We also find that moral foundations map onto each of the commonly used CN survey measures in two distinct patterns, one statist and the other akin to civil religion, where the former is linked to loyalty and the latter to liberty. These results suggest that controversy over Christianity’s place in politics is driven by disagreement over foundational moral concerns, but not always in the ways we expect.
Phylogenetic Tree Instability After Taxon Addition: Empirical Frequency, Predictability, and Consequences For Online Inference
Authors: Collienne Lena , Barker Mary , Suchard Marc A , Matsen Frederick A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Online phylogenetic inference methods add sequentially arriving sequences to an inferred phylogeny without the need to recompute the entire tree from scratch. Some online method implementations exist already, but there remains concern that additional sequences may change the topological relationship among the original set of taxa. We call such a change in tree topology a lack of stability for the inferred tree. In this article, we analyze the stability of single taxon addition in a Maximum Likelihood framework across 1000 empirical datasets. We find that instability occurs in almost 90% of our examples, although observed topological differences do not always reach significance under the approximately unbiased (AU) test. Changes in tree topology after addition of a taxon rarely occur close to its attachment location, and are more frequently observed in more distant tree locations carrying low bootstrap support. To investigate whether instability is predictable, we hypothesize sources of instability and design summary statistics addressing these hypotheses. Using these summary statistics as input features for machine learning under random forests, we are able to predict instability and can identify the most influential features. In summary, it does not appear that a strict insertion-only online inference method will deliver globally optimal trees, although relaxing insertion strictness by allowing for a small number of final tree rearrangements or accepting slightly suboptimal solutions appears feasible.
New mechanisms in diisocyanate-mediated allergy/toxicity: are microRNAs in play?
Authors: Lin Chen-Chung , Law Brandon F. , Hettick Justin M. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To describe recent findings of diisocyanate-mediated mechanisms in allergy and toxicology by addressing the role of microRNA (miR) in immune responses that may contribute to the development of occupational asthma (OA).

Recent findings
Studies of diisocyanate asthma have traditionally focused on the immune and inflammatory patterns associated with diisocyanate exposures; however, recognized knowledge gaps exist regarding the detailed molecular mechanism(s) of pathogenesis. Recent studies demonstrate the critical role endogenous microRNAs play as gene regulators in maintaining homeostasis of the human body, and in the pathophysiology of many diseases including asthma. Given that diisocyanate-OA shares many pathophysiological characteristics with asthma, it is likely that miR-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of diisocyanate-OA. Recent reports have shown that changes in expression of endogenous miRs are associated with exposure to the occupationally relevant diisocyanates, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Continued mechanistic study of these relevant miRs may lead to the development of novel biomarkers of occupational exposure and/or provide efficacious targets for therapeutic strategies in diisocyanate asthma.

Summary
The molecular mechanisms underlying diisocyanate-OA pathophysiology are heterogeneous and complicated. In this review, we highlight recent research into the roles and potential regulation of miRs in diisocyanate-OA.
Prediction of visual outcomes using virtual implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens in presbyopic lens exchange patients
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Fernández Joaquín , Kaymak Hakan , Gerlach Mario , Kirchner Friedrich O. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To assess the reliability of a new virtual intraocular lens (IOL) implantation device to predict the outcomes of a trifocal IOL.

Setting:
Clinical sites in Spain and Germany.

Design:
Prospective multicenter study.

Methods:
Preoperative measurements obtained by the virtual implantation of AT LISA tri 839MP IOL with Virtual IOL (VirtIOL) device were compared with postoperative (month 3) outcomes after the IOL implantation. The evaluated metrics were defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (CS) (both in photopic conditions), and visual phenomena (visual angle size of burst and annular pattern) in mesopic conditions.

Results:
45 presbyopic noncataract patients (mean age 56.16 ± 5.03 years) were included in this study. The VirtIOL device reasonably predicted the shape of the defocus curve, especially in the intermediate vision range, but underestimated postoperative visual acuities (VAs) mainly at the defocus range between +1.0 diopters (D) and −3.5 D. The difference between predicted and achieved VA was −0.11 ± 0.13 logMAR (P < .001) for 0.0 D defocus and −0.16 ± 0.15 D logMAR (P < .001) for −2.50 D defocus. The shape of the CS curve was almost identical for predicted and achieved measurements, but the device underestimated the values by ≈0.3 logCS units for each spatial frequency. Visual phenomena were similar between the predicted and achieved outcome (predicted vs achieved: burst pattern 2.65 ± 0.97 degrees vs 2.74 ± 0.95 degrees, P = .63; annular pattern: 0.88 ± 0.42 degrees vs 0.93 ± 0.49 degrees, P = .59).

Conclusions:
The device reasonably predicted the pattern of measured variables. VA/CS reduction might be attributed to viewing the objects through a more complex optical system and would need to be accounted for in clinical studies.
Lower Perceived Social Support Associated With Greater Hopelessness in Patients After an Acute Ischemic Heart Disease Event
Authors: Goodyke Madison P. , Tintle Nathan , Collins Eileen , DeVon Holli A. , Bronas Ulf G. , Baynard Tracy , Dunn Susan L. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Hopelessness is present in up 52% of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Lower perceived social support (PSS) has been associated with greater hopelessness in a pilot study of patients with IHD reporting moderate-severe hopelessness but has not been examined in a larger sample reporting none-severe levels of hopelessness and while controlling for covariates.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PSS and hopelessness in patients with IHD.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, 178 participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at 1 large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge using the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a demographic form, and a medical record abstraction form. Linear models were used to assess the association between variables in unadjusted models and models adjusted for demographic and medical history.

Results
Most participants were male (67%), married (67%), and non-Hispanic White (92%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (61%). There was a moderate inverse correlation between PSS and state (r = −0.31, P < .001) and trait (r = −0.28, P < .001) hopelessness in unadjusted models. The relationships remained significant in adjusted models and did not differ by sex, type of IHD event, or marital status.

Conclusions
Lower PSS was associated with greater hopelessness in patients with IHD. Assessing PSS and hopelessness during hospitalization for an IHD event may enable clinicians to provide targeted interventions to reduce risk of hopelessness and improve secondary prevention in patients with IHD.
A Canadian Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner’s Personal Reflection and Ongoing Questioning of Vicarious Trauma
Authors: Caporiccio Diana Rose , Kent-Wilkinson Arlene , Peternelj-Taylor Cindy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Vicarious trauma (VT) is a concept that has been recognized in nursing. Although research has extensively explored signs, symptoms, and risks associated with VT, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning the personal lived experiences of sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs).

Objective
The objective of this article was to provide a first-person account of the vulnerable aspects of my life where I questioned if VT had influenced my thought processes and to uncover the potential health risks associated with exposure to patients' repeated stories of trauma. I questioned whether I was experiencing VT or other disorders such as burnout, posttraumatic stress disorder, or compassion fatigue. The scholarly literature was reviewed after my personal reflection to analyze my personal experiences and to gain clarity on how VT and/or other related concepts may impact the professional and personal lives of SANEs.

Methods
Methods used to produce my personal stories have been done via self-reflection and journaling. Three stories that I believe may resemble VT are shared and analyzed vis-à-vis the literature. My personal vignettes are compared with signs and symptoms of VT and illustrate how they may manifest in the daily lives of SANEs.

Implications
To date, researchers have neglected to explore concrete examples of the personal depth VT may exhibit in an individual's life. By disclosing and synthesizing my personal stories, I hope to encourage SANEs to be open about their experiences, spread awareness and prevention strategies regarding VT, and, ultimately, further enhance well-being and promote increased longevity in their careers.
Environmental Enrichment and Health Outcomes Among Low-Grade Glioma Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Figuracion Karl Cristie F. , Donald Christine Mac , Hunt David , McGranahan Tresa , Lewis Frances M. , Rockhill Jason , Goldberg Myron , Halasz Lia M. , Thompson Hilaire J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Brain tumor survivors who received radiotherapy (RT) are at a disproportionately increased risk of accelerated aging and symptom burden. We aim to examine the association between environmental enrichment (EE) and health outcomes among low-grade glioma survivors who received brain RT. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional cohort design, enrolling participants approximately 5 years from diagnosis. The construct of EE consisted of social network, physical activity, employment status, and financial stability. Berkman-Syme Social Network Index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Vocational Index Scale, and a Socioeconomic Questionnaire were used to measure the construct of EE. Health outcome measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Symbol Digit Modality Test, clinical brain magnetic resonance images (pre-RT, approximately 2-3 years after RT, and approximately 5 years after RT), Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor Module. Ordinal logistic regression estimated the association between levels of EE and health outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants completed the study and experienced varying levels of EE. The median age was 44 years old, ranging from 26 to 78 years old. Nineteen individuals were diagnosed with oligodendroglioma, and 18 were diagnosed with astrocytoma. Thirteen participants had low EE, 17 had moderate EE, and 9 had high EE. Although not statistically significant, we observed patterns of increasing health outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Symbol Digit Modality Test, and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale) related to increasing levels of EE. CONCLUSION: This study is an initial exploration into the role of EE in health outcomes and survivorship programs for persons with glioma. Future research should assess EE before treatment or at the time of diagnosis and be longitudinal to accurately ascertain the association between EE and health outcomes. Comprehensive neuro-oncology survivorship programs structured to facilitate EE may reduce symptom burden, promote neuroplasticity, and improve cognitive and functional outcomes after brain radiation.
Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management
Authors: Israel Ariel , Sharif Kassem , Zada Galit , Friedenberg Amir , Vinker Shlomo , Lahat Adi 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent inflammation. Achieving mucosal healing and preventing disease progression are primary treatment goals.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare disease characteristics, medication utilization, procedures performed, and hospitalizations between IBD patients treated in hospital and community settings using the Leumit Health Service database.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Leumit Health Service, comprising 3020 patients diagnosed with IBD from January 2010 to December 2019.

Methods:
Patients were divided based on primary care setting: hospital-based or community-based. Data included demographic characteristics, disease type, medication usage, procedures, and outcomes. Statistical analyses assessed differences between groups.

Results:
Hospital-treated patients were significantly younger (49.4±18.4 vs. 40.4±18.7, P<0.001 ), had higher rates of Crohn’s disease (45.9% vs. 71.4%, P<0.001), exhibited higher inflammatory markers (calprotectin 768±2182 vs. 1305±2526, P<0.001), lower albumin (4.23±0.27 vs. 4.12±0.32, P<0.001), hemoglobin levels (13.4±1.6 vs. 12.9±1.6, P<0.001), and lower BMI (26.2±5.3 vs. 24.6±5.6, P<0.001) compared with community-treated patients. Hospital-treated patients had more endoscopic procedures, higher medication utilization rates, shorter treatment durations, and increased hospitalization occurrence (12.1% vs. 23.6%, P<0.001), length (0.67±3.34 vs. 1.45±5.88, P<0.001), and colectomies (4.73% vs. 15.8%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Disparities exist in IBD management between hospital and community settings, influenced by disease severity and treatment approaches. Hospital-based care is associated with more aggressive disease and intensive interventions, while community-based care may reflect milder disease and conservative management. Integrating specialized care models and personalized approaches across settings can optimize patient outcomes and health care delivery for IBD management. Further research is needed to understand these disparities’ underlying mechanisms and develop comprehensive care strategies.
End-of-life in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Goble Spencer R. , Sultan Amir , Debes Jose D. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Investigate the impacts of palliative care consults, race, and socioeconomic status on the prevalence of invasive procedures in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background:
Palliative care, race, and socioeconomic status can all influence end-of-life care preferences, but their roles in HCC have not been adequately explored.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of patients with HCC from 2016 to 2019 using the National Inpatient Sample. Terminal and nonterminal hospitalizations were assessed with logistical regression evaluating associations between palliative care, race, income, and procedures along with do-not-resuscitate orders and cost. Procedures included mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among others.

Results:
A total of 217,060 hospitalizations in patients with HCC were included, 18.1% of which included a palliative care encounter. The mean age was 65.0 years (SD = 11.3 y), 73.9% were males and 55.5% were white. Procedures were increased in terminal hospitalizations in black [CPR adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.57, P < 0.001] and Hispanic patients (tracheostomy aOR = 3.64, P = 0.018) compared with white patients. Palliative care encounters were associated with reduced procedures during terminal hospitalizations (mechanical ventilation aOR = 0.47, P < 0.001, CPR aOR = 0.24, P < 0.001), but not in nonterminal hospitalizations. No association between income and end-of-life procedures was found. Palliative care was associated with decreased mean cost in terminal ($23,608 vs $31,756, P < 0.001) and nonterminal hospitalizations ($15,786 vs $19,914, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Palliative care is associated with less aggressive end-of-life care and decreased costs in patients with HCC. Black and Hispanic race were both associated with more aggressive end-of-life care.