bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Quaternary Ideal Endothermic Reactive Distillation with and without Internal Heat Integration
Authors: Mathew Anish K. , Kaistha Nitin , Kumar M. V. Pavan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDecentralized control system design is evaluated for a basic and an internally heat‐integrated generic, ideal, double‐feed, two‐product reactive distillation system. The internally heat‐integrated reactive distillation column (HiRDC) is obtained via catalyst redistribution into the rectifying zone and feed tray relocation. For basic regulatory control, three two‐point control structures with a fixed reflux rate or a fixed reflux ratio operation policy are synthesized and evaluated for their closed‐loop disturbance rejection characteristics using rigorous dynamic simulations. To eliminate the purity offsets for on‐target product purities, product purity composition controllers manipulating the reflux ratio and stripping tray temperature set point are implemented. Reactive tray section composition control is necessary for on‐target product purity operation of HiRDC.
Kinetic Study of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Combustion over a Commercial Pt/Alumina Catalyst
Authors: Banu Ionut , Bercaru Georgeta , Bozga Grigore , Danciu Tiberiu D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCatalytic combustion of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in diluted air mixtures over a commercial Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was experimentally investigated in a continuous laboratory setup. The experimental data were used to develop a kinetic model of the MIBK combustion over the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Among the available kinetic theories, the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood one proved to be the most appropriate for the obtained data. The kinetic parameters of the formulated rate expression were estimated using both differential and integral methods. The adequacy of the proposed kinetic model and the estimated parameter values were tested by statistical criteria and thermodynamic consistency. The computation results indicate that the integral method, based on a heterogeneous reactor model, is the recommended approach in the estimation of the kinetic parameters for catalytic combustion processes involving volatile organic compounds.
Cerasomes: Soft Interface for Redox Enzyme Electrochemical Signal Transmission
Authors: Qiao Yun , Tahara Keishiro , Zhang Qian , Song Xi‐Ming , Kikuchi Jun‐ichi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnionic cerasomes, which consist of a liposomal lipid bilayer and a ceramic surface, were used as a soft interface for the construction of an integrated modified electrode to achieve the transmission of chemical information from a redox enzyme through electrical signals. The morphological properties of the cerasomes were systematically compared with those of two structural analogues, namely, liposomes and silica nanoparticles. The results indicated that the cerasomes combined the advantages of liposomes and silica nanoparticles. The lipid bilayer gave excellent biocompatibility, as in the case of liposomes, and high structural stability, similar to that of silica nanoparticles, was derived from the silicate framework on the cerasome surface. The performance at the electrochemical interface created by means of a combination of cerasomes and horseradish peroxidase on a glassy carbon electrode was much better than those achieved with liposomes or silica nanoparticles instead of cerasomes. The potential use of cerasomes in the construction of supramolecular devices for mediator‐free biosensing was evaluated.
Comprehensively understanding fatigue in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Scherber Robyn M. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Senyak Zhenya , Dueck Amylou C. , Clark Matthew M. , Boxer Michael A. , Geyer Holly L. , McCallister Archie , Cotter Mary , Van Husen Barbara , Harrison Claire N. , Mesa Ruben A. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUNDPatients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) experience a high persistence, prevalence, and severity of fatigue. There is currently only limited information regarding factors that contribute to fatigue in patients with MPNs.METHODSA 70‐item, Internet‐based survey regarding fatigue was developed by MPN investigators and patients/advocates and hosted by the Mayo Clinic Survey Research Center.RESULTSFatigue was found to be prevalent and severe among international survey respondents (1788 respondents). Higher body mass index (P<.001), current use of alcohol (P<.001), and current tobacco use (P = .0025) were found to be significantly associated with greater fatigue. Moderate/severe fatigue was present more frequently in those individuals who did not exercise compared with those who reported exercising at least once per week (P<.001). Medical comorbidities found to be significantly associated with greater fatigue included restless leg syndrome (P = .006), diabetes mellitus (P = .045), fibromyalgia (P < 0.001), chronic fatigue syndrome (P = .006), and chronic kidney disease (P = .02). Current use of antidepressants (P<.001), antihistamines (P = .0276), antianxiety medications (P = .0357), and prescription pain medications (P<.001) were found to be associated with worsened fatigue. Nearly 25% of respondents scored > 2 on the Patient Health Questionnaire, indicating a high probability of depression. Higher Brief Fatigue Inventory score, Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Total Symptom Score, and individual symptom items were all associated with a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms (P<.0001).CONCLUSIONSThe management of fatigue should be multifactorial, with a comprehensive assessment and treatment plan to address all modifiable fatigue etiologies. Patients with MPNs likely have a higher prevalence of mood disturbances compared with the general population, suggesting the need to assess and intervene in this domain. Cancer 2016;122:477–485. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Controller saturation nonlinearity in doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbines under unbalanced grid conditions
Authors: Li Zhen , Wong Siu‐Chung , Tse Chi K. , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDoubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind energy generation systems due to its cost‐effective, partially rated back‐to‐back power converters, variable rotor speed operation, and maximum wind power capture. The conventional design assumes balanced grid voltage and utilizes power protection for the power converters. The DFIG wind turbine is naturally one of the major components in distributed generations of the smart grid system. However, newly developed smart grid system is rich in unbalanced loads. This paper summarizes the limiter settings of controllers and explores the nonlinear behaviors of the DFIG‐based wind power generation system with unbalanced loads. The generator rotor speed and an unbalanced load resistance are chosen as variation parameters. An emerging low‐frequency linear‐modulated oscillation at line second harmonic frequency with DC drifting is identified on the DC link voltage of the back‐to‐back power converters. In terms of second harmonic and the usually reported hazardous low‐frequency oscillation, the saturation nonlinearity and over‐modulation of the back‐to‐back power converter and its power flow are investigated and analyzed. The built‐in detailed model of the DFIG wind energy generation system in Matlab with SimPowerSystems library is used in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Terahertz Radiation Sources Using the LEENA Compact Linear Accelerator
Authors: HASHIMOTO SATOSHI , CHIN SAKAYA , KOBAYASHI KARIN , KAWATA KENJI , LIN DAZHI , AMANO SHO , MIYAMOTO SHUJI 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYTunable and high‐power terahertz radiation sources using relativistic electron beams from a compact linear accelerator (LEENA) are under development. Synchrotron radiation and Smith‐Purcell radiation in the THz region were successfully measured. The coherent radiation power from an electron bunch shorter than 1 ps is estimated theoretically to be about 107 larger than the incoherent power. Recent experimental results on the generation of THz radiation and numerical results on high‐power coherent radiation from a short electron bunch are reported.
Prototype Experiments on a 1/32‐Scale Model Via‐Wheel Power Transfer Electric Vehicle
Authors: SUZUKI YOSHIKI , MIZUTANI MINORU , SUGIURA TAKAMITSU , SAKAI NAOKI , OHIRA TAKASHI 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYElectric vehicles (EVs) are expected to play a leading role in the changeover from fossil fuels to clean energy. However, EVs are currently not very popular, owing to their short cruising distance and long charging time. Wireless power transfer from the infrastructure to running EVs is expected to be the solution to these problems. Electric vehicle and electrified roadway (EVER) has been proposed as a wireless power transfer system for EVs while in motion. Via‐wheel power transfer (V‐WPT) is expected to be a wireless power transfer scheme for EVER. We designed and prototyped a 1:32 scale model of a V‐WPT system that consists of an RF inverter, an electrified roadway, a rectifier, and an EV with a dc motor. The output power of the prototype RF inverter was 5.9 W and the dc–RF conversion efficiency was 36.6%. The LC matching circuits for the V‐WPT were designed with two‐port conjugate matching because S11 of the V‐WPT was intrinsically –0.06 dB. After matching, the S11 value was reduced to –21.5 dB. The power transmission efficiency of the V‐WPT system was 75%. The RF–dc conversion efficiency of the rectifier was 62%. The total efficiency of the EVER system was 24.2%.
Rationale and design of a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the role of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in Asian patients with heart failure (PRACTICE‐ASIA‐HF)
Authors: Yeo Tee Joo , Yeo Poh Shuan Daniel , Hadi Farid Abdul , Cushway Timothy , Lee Kim Yee , Tai Bee Choo , Lam Carolyn S. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimsIron deficiency (ID) is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) worldwide regardless of haemoglobin levels. Results from therapeutic trials of intermittently dosed intravenous (i.v.) iron are promising in the ambulatory Caucasian population with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, although evidence is scarce in Asia. The Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Role of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Asian Patients with Heart Failure aims to assess the effect of single‐dose i.v. ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in a multi‐ethnic Asian population with HF and ID.Methods and resultsThis is an open‐label, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial recruiting stabilized inpatients with decompensated HF (regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction), ID [defined as serum ferritin <300 ng/mL if transferrin saturation <20%] and haemoglobin ≤14 g/dL. Patients from two tertiary institutions were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of either i.v. FCM (Ferinject®) 1000 mg or i.v. normal saline. The primary endpoint is the change in 6‐min walk distance at Weeks 4 and 12, and secondary endpoints are changes at Weeks 4 and 12 in (i) quality of life as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale scores and (ii) New York Heart Association functional class.ConclusionsPreliminary efficacy data on i.v. FCM therapy in Asian HF are expected from this pilot study to support larger‐scale multicentre therapeutic i.v. FCM trials within Asia.
Does litter decomposition vary between the foraging pits of two soil‐disturbing mammal species?
Authors: Travers Samantha K. , Eldridge David J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSoil‐disturbing animals play a critical role in many ecosystem processes. The loss of native soil‐foraging mammals (e.g. greater bilby Macrotis lagotis; burrowing bettong, Bettongia lesueur) throughout vast areas of Australia has altered fundamental soil processes such as decomposition. Little is known about whether surviving native soil‐disturbing animals (e.g. short‐beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus) produce soil disturbances that are functionally equivalent to those of locally‐extinct native animals. We used a litter bag study to compare abiotic and biotic mechanisms of decomposition within the foraging pits of two native mammal species. We compared decomposition rates between landforms, which we used as a surrogate for soil texture; grass species Austrostipa scabra subsp. scabra and Triodia scariosa subsp. scariosa, which we used as our substrates; and the effects of chemically excluding fungi and/or termites. There were initial differences in the organic mass loss between echidna and bilby/bettong foraging pits, with bilby/bettong pits losing more over 30 days, and echidnas losing more over 63 days. However, over 396 days there was no significant difference between the two pit types. Landform (soil texture) and chemical exclusion of termites and fungi did not affect our measures of decomposition until the final stage of the study. The two grass species lost significantly different amounts of organic material at each collection interval, with Austrostipa losing more at 30, 63 and 130 days and Triodia losing more at the final 396 day collection. This provided the most consistent effect on decomposition. Our results highlight the temporal idiosyncrasies in the various drivers of decomposition in this dune‐swale system. Overall, this study provides evidence that the foraging pits of the short‐beaked echidna do not differ markedly from those of the locally extinct greater bilby and burrowing bettong in terms of their capacity to maintain rates of decomposition at an annual scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrous oxide emissions from solar greenhouses during summer fallow in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Liu Jinshan , Qiu Weihong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn Northern China, vegetables are usually grown in solar greenhouses using intensive fertilization and cultivation, which produces significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. In this study, the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from 12 solar greenhouses with different fertilization practices (without manure application (SG); with chicken (SG‐CM) or swine (SG‐SM) manure application) were measured in the southern Loess Plateau of China during the summer fallow (35–61 days) in 2013 and 2014. The daily N2O fluxes varied over the ranges of 0.002–0.041, 0.014–12.58, and 0.005–8.41 mg N m−2 h−1 with averages of 0.037, 0.81, and 1.70 mg N m−2 h−1 in the SG, SG‐CM, and SG‐SM greenhouses, respectively, and the total N2O emissions were 1.17, 12.0, and 16.0 kg N ha−1, respectively. Significantly high peak N2O emissions were observed at the beginning of the summer fallow and after manure application, accounting for more than 80% of the total N2O emissions. The management practices of polythene removal, greenhouse enclosure for a week, and tillage also significantly increased the N2O daily fluxes and total emissions. Linear regression analyses showed that soil moisture and manure application were the main factors controlling the N2O emissions during summer fallow, followed by the residual mineral N in the soil. The results indicated that solar greenhouses cause high N2O emissions during summer fallow and farmers should use appropriate measures to mitigate these emissions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
New insight on Carboniferous (Viséan) brachiopods from eastern Tafilalt (Morocco)
Authors: Mottequin Bernard , Aretz Markus , Herbig Hans‐Georg , Baidder Lahssen , Kaoukaya Abdelhadi , Denayer Julien 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLate Viséan brachiopods from the eastern Tafilalt (Morocco), and more precisely from the area comprised between the Jebel Begaa to the southwest, and Gara El Itima to the northeast (close to the Algerian border), are described systematically for the first time. Despite the limited material available, 18 species belonging to 17 genera have been recognized within the limestone beds of the Merdani and Zrigat formations, in which the productides (Productidina) and spiriferides are the most diverse. Representatives of the subfamily Gigantoproductidinae, which are close, if not conspecific, to those present in contemporaneous rocks of the nearby Béchar Basin (Algeria), occur in the late Viséan Zrigat Formation. Additional research based on more abundant material is necessary to investigate thoroughly the relationships existing between the Béchar Basin and the Tafilalt, which may have been part of the former during the Carboniferous. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who is Mum for the Children?. Custody Disputes between Teenage Mothers and Their Mothers
Authors: Renouf Emilia 
Published: December 2015

Defended custodies are usually seen as the hardest type of family dispute for which the conciliation method of dispute resolution is available. Family mediators assess custody disputes of ex‐nuptial children among de facto couples, as the least likely to have a successful outcome. Custody disputes about ex‐nuptial children between mothers and their mothers constitute a particular subgroup of these and may be viewed as symptomatic of an adolescent/parental dispute rather than an actual custody dispute.This paper describes the psychosocial correlates of teenage mothers and the context in which the pregnancies develop, as well as the demographic and social characteristics of a minority of young mothers who engaged in custody disputes with their own mothers. Stierlin's conceptual framework is presented as a way of considering the dynamics of these families.The writer, based on her experiences with this subgroup of mothers, outlines the point at which conciliation might be appropriately offered, describes the process of mediation and its stages and suggests a suitable format. Necessary guidelines for the conduct of the sessions, techniques for engaging these families, pitfalls and potential problems are highlighted and examples from actual cases given.
Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Sucralfate, A Nonsystemic Agent for Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Spiro Howard M. 
Published: December 2015

Sucralfate, a complex salt of polyaluminum hydroxide with a sulfated disaccharide skeleton, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the short‐term treatment of duodenal ulcer. The drug is nonsystemic in action and apparently exerts its antiulcer effects by bonding with proteinaceous exudates in the ulcer crater, thereby protecting it from insult. In vitro and clinical studies have shown that the drug is not an antacid but does block the diffusion of acid. Inhibition of pepsin and bile acid activities have also been demonstrated.In double‐blind clinical trials where patients used antacids as needed for pain, sucralfate 1 g 4 times a day was significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as cimetidine. No serious adverse effects have been caused by this locally‐acting agent.
Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Halazepam, A New Benzodiazepine
Authors: Fann William E. , Pitts Wesley M. , Wheless Jeanine C. 
Published: December 2015

Halazepam is a new benzodiazepine derivative that is molecularly similar to chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. Animal studies indicated that halazepam produces sedative and antianxiety effects with less toxicity than chlordiazepoxide or diazepam. Computer EEG and somatosensory evoked potential studies demonstrated that halazepam has a significant effect on the EEG, characteristic of changes that occur with benzodiazepines. In initial clinical studies, halazepam exhibited not only anxiolytic properties but also reduced symptoms of depression and had a therapeutic effect on epilepsy.In preliminary, uncontrolled clinical trials, halazepam was effective in ameliorating anxiety and tension in alcoholic and acute schizophrenic patients, with few adverse effects. Later double‐blind studies generally demonstrated that halazepam is significantly superior to placebo in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and tension. Most comparative studies indicate that halazepam is equal to or more effective than diazepam with a lower frequency of side effects. Halazepam does not increase hostility and aggression, as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam have been shown to do, and it is effective in both situational and characterologic anxiety. Drowsiness and slight dry mouth are the only side effects reported in more than isolated instances, although geriatric patients may frequently become ataxic with higher doses.
Oxprenolol Hydrochloride: Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse Effects and Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Russo Mary E. , Covinsky Joel O. 
Published: December 2015

Oxprenolol is a nonselective beta‐adrenergic blocking agent that also possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and membrane stabilizing effects. Oxprenolol undergoes first pass metabolism with only 30% of an oral dose reaching the systemic circulation. The drug is approximately 80% protein bound and is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. Less than 4% of oxprenolol is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oxprenolol may reduce the heart rate and prolong the effective and functional atrioventricular nodal refractory period. Oxprenolol has less negative inotropic and chronotropic effects than propranolol. Plasma renin activity is reduced; however, changes in plasma aldosterone level are not significant. Long term metabolic effects require further study.Oxprenolol appears to be comparable to other beta blockers in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris with no additional adverse reactions. If its partial agonist effect proves useful, it may have an advantage over other agents in treating patients with borderline cardiac reserve. Because of limited data, the use of oxprenolol for the treatment of arrhythmias, migraine, thyrotoxicosis, anxiety, and glaucoma cannot be recommended at this time.