bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Single‐Crystalline Copper Nanoplates as a Conductive Filler for Electronic Ink Applications
Authors: Lee Jin‐Won , Han Jiyoon , Lee Dong Su , Bae Sukang , Lee Sang Hyun , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Moon Byung Joon , Choi Chel‐Jong , Wang Gunuk , Kim Tae‐Wook 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale 2D single‐crystalline copper nanoplates (Cu NPLs) are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The combination of a mild reductant, stabilizer, and shape modifier allows the dimensional control of the Cu nanocrystals from 1D nanowires (NWs) to 2D nanoplates. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) reveals that the prepared Cu NPLs have a single‐crystalline structure. From the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it is found that iodine plays an important role in the modification of the copper nanocrystals through the formation of an adlayer on the basal plane of the nanoplates. Cu NPLs with an average edge length of 10 μm are successfully synthesized, and these Cu NPLs are the largest copper 2D crystals synthesized by a solution‐based process so far. The application of the metallic 2D crystals as a semitransparent electrode proves their feasibility as a conductive filler, exhibiting very low sheet resistance (0.4 Ω ▫−1) compared to Cu NWs and a transmittance near 75%. The efficient charge transport is due to the increased contact area between each Cu NPL, i.e., so‐called plane contact (2D electrical contact). In addition, this type of contact enhances the current‐carrying capability of the Cu NPL electrodes, implying that the large‐size Cu NPLs are promising conductive fillers for printable electrode applications.
Using fetal abdominal circumference growth velocity in the prediction of adverse outcome in near‐term small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Cavallaro A. , Veglia M. , Svirko E. , Vannuccini S. , Volpe G. , Impey L. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate whether abdominal circumference growth velocity (ACGV) improves the prediction of perinatal outcome in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses beyond that afforded by estimated fetal weight (EFW) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).MethodsA cohort of 235 singleton SGA fetuses at 36–38 weeks' gestation was examined. ACGV, EFW and CPR centiles were calculated. ACGV centile was determined using data from a large database of 19–21‐ and 36–38‐week scans in an unselected population. Binary variables of ACGV < 10th, EFW < 3rd and CPR < 5th centiles were defined as abnormal. Two composite adverse outcomes (CAO) were explored: CAO‐1 defined as at least one of umbilical artery pH < 7.10, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 or neonatal unit admission, and CAO‐2 that included in addition hypoglycemia, intrapartum fetal distress and perinatal death. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between the three risk factors and their predictive value for CAO. The change in screening performance afforded by adding ACGV to EFW and CPR was assessed and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated.ResultsACGV < 10th centile was an independent risk factor for CAO. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of a predictive model based on EFW < 3rd centile and CPR < 5th centile were, respectively, 51%, 70%, 1.71 and 0.69 for CAO‐1 and 41%, 70%, 1.39 and 0.83 for CAO‐2. After addition of ACGV < 10th centile to the model, the respective values were 82%, 46%, 1.54 and 0.38 for CAO‐1 and 71%, 47%, 1.34 and 0.62 for CAO‐2. Using continuous variables, the areas under the ROC curves improved marginally from 0.669 (95% CI, 0.604–0.729) to 0.741 (95% CI, 0.677–0.798) for CAO‐1 and from 0.646 (95% CI, 0.580–0.707) to 0.700 (95% CI, 0.633–0.759) for CAO‐2 after addition of ACGV to the model.ConclusionsACGV is a risk factor for adverse neonatal outcome that is independent of EFW and of CPR, although any improvement in the prediction of adverse outcome is not statistically significant. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of LUTO: improving diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Fontanella F. , Duin L. K. , Adama van Scheltema P. N. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Pajkrt E. , Bekker M. , Willekes C. , Bax C. J. , Gracchi V. , Oepkes D. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo propose a clinical score for the optimal antenatal diagnosis of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, as an alternative to the commonly used ultrasound triad of megacystis, keyhole sign and hydronephrosis.MethodsThis was a national retrospective study carried out at the eight tertiary fetal medicine units (FMUs) in The Netherlands. Only cases referred for megacystis from the second trimester onwards and with a clear postnatal diagnosis were included in the study. At referral, data were collected on amniotic fluid volume, renal cortical appearance, bladder volume, hydronephrosis, fetal ascites, ureteral size, keyhole sign, fetal sex and gestational age. Multivariate analysis was performed, starting by including all antenatal variables, and then excluding the weakest predictors using the backward stepwise strategy.ResultsOver a 7‐year period, 312 fetuses with a diagnosis of megacystis were referred to the eight Dutch tertiary FMUs. A final diagnosis was achieved in 143 cases, including 124 of LUTO and 19 reclassified after birth as non‐obstructive megacystis. The optimal bladder volume cut‐off for prediction of LUTO was 35 cm3 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.7, P = 0.03). The clinical score formulated on the basis of the multivariate analysis included fetal sex, degree of bladder distension, ureteral size, oligo‐ or anhydramnios and gestational age at referral. The combination of these five variables demonstrated good accuracy in discriminating LUTO from non‐obstructive megacystis (AUC = 0.84, P < 0.001), compared with the poor performance of the ultrasound triad (AUC = 0.63, P = 0.07).ConclusionsWe propose a clinical score that combines five antenatal variables for the prospective diagnosis of congenital LUTO. This score showed good discriminative capacity in predicting LUTO, and better diagnostic accuracy compared with that of the classic ultrasound triad. Future studies to validate these results should be carried out in order to refine antenatal management of LUTO and prevent inappropriate fetal interventions. © 2017 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Maternal blood‐pressure trends throughout pregnancy and development of pre‐eclampsia in women receiving first‐trimester aspirin prophylaxis
Authors: Baschat A. A. , Dewberry D. , Seravalli V. , Miller J. L. , Block‐Abraham D. , Blitzer M. G. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo study women who initiated aspirin in the first trimester for high risk of pre‐eclampsia, and compare blood‐pressure trends throughout pregnancy between those with normal outcome and those who subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia.MethodsWomen were enrolled into a prospective observational study at 9–14 weeks' gestation. This was a secondary analysis of those who started daily doses of 81 mg of aspirin before 16 weeks for increased risk of pre‐eclampsia based on maternal history and bilateral uterine artery notching. Enrollment characteristics and blood‐pressure measurements throughout gestation were compared between women who did and those who did not develop pre‐eclampsia.ResultsOf the 237 women who initiated first‐trimester aspirin prophylaxis, 29 (12.2%) developed pre‐eclampsia. A total of 2881 serial blood‐pressure measurements obtained between 4 and 41 weeks' gestation (747 in the first trimester, 1008 in the second and 1126 in the third) showed that women with pre‐eclampsia started pregnancy with higher blood pressure and maintained this trend despite taking aspirin (mean arterial blood pressure in women with pre‐eclampsia = (0.13 × gestational age (weeks)) + 93.63, vs (0.11 × gestational age (weeks)) + 82.61 in those without; P < 0.005). First‐trimester diastolic and second‐trimester systolic blood pressure were independent risk factors for pre‐eclampsia (β = 1.087 and 1.050, respectively; r2 = 0.24, P < 0.0001). When average first‐trimester diastolic blood pressure was >74 mmHg, the odds ratio for pre‐eclampsia was 6.5 (95% CI, 2.8–15.1; P < 0.001) and that for pre‐eclampsia before 34 weeks was 14.6 (95% CI, 1.72–123.5; P = 0.004). If, in addition, average second‐trimester systolic blood pressure was >125 mmHg, the odds ratio for pre‐eclampsia was 9.4 (95% CI, 4.1–22.4; P < 0.001) and that for early‐onset disease was 34.6 (95% CI, 4.1–296.4; P = 0.004).ConclusionIn women treated with prophylactic aspirin from the first trimester, those who develop pre‐eclampsia have significantly and sustained higher blood pressure from the onset of pregnancy compared with those who do not develop pre‐eclampsia. This raises the possibility that mildly elevated blood pressure predisposes women to abnormal placentation, which then acts synergistically with elevated blood pressure to predispose such women to pre‐eclampsia to a degree that is incompletely mitigated by aspirin. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Evolutionary data mining and applications: A revision on the most cited papers from the last 10 years (2007–2017)
Authors: Alcalá Rafael , Gacto María José , Alcalá‐Fdez Jesús 
Published: December 2017

The ability of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to manage a set of solutions, even attending multiple objectives, as well as their ability to optimize any kinds of values, allows them to fit very well some parts of the data‐mining (DM) problems, whose native learning techniques usually associated with the inherent DM problem are not able to solve. Therefore, EAs are widely applied to complement or even replace the classical DM learning approaches. This application of EAs to the DM process is usually named evolutionary data mining (EDM). This contribution aims at showing a glimpse of the EDM field current state by focusing on the most cited papers published in the last 10 years. A descriptive analysis of the papers together with a bibliographic study is performed in order to differentiate past and current trends and to easily focus on significant further developments. Results show that, in the case of the most cited studied papers, the use of EAs on DM tasks is mainly focused on enhancing the classical learning techniques, thus completely replacing them only when it is directly motivated by the nature of problem. The bibliographic analysis is also showing that even though EAs were the main techniques used for EDM, the emergent evolutionary computation algorithms (swarm intelligence, etc.) are becoming nowadays the most cited and used ones. Based on all these facts, some potential further directions are also discussed. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1239. doi: 10.1002/widm.1239This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Prediction
The symbiosis of concurrency and verification: teaching and case studies
Authors: Pedersen Jan B. , Welch Peter H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Concurrency is beginning to be accepted as a core knowledge area in the undergraduate CS curriculum—no longer isolated, for example, as a support mechanism in a module on operating systems or reserved as an
advanced
discipline for later study. Formal verification of system properties is often considered a
difficult
subject area, requiring significant mathematical knowledge and generally restricted to smaller systems employing sequential logic only. This paper presents materials, methods and experiences of teaching concurrency and verification as a unified subject, as early as possible in the curriculum, so that they become
fundamental
elements of our software engineering tool kit—to be used together every day as a matter of course. Concurrency and verification should live in symbiosis. Verification is essential for concurrent systems as testing becomes especially inadequate in the face of complex non-deterministic (and, therefore, hard to repeat) behaviours. Concurrency should
simplify
the expression of most scales and forms of computer system by reflecting the concurrency of the worlds in which they operate (and, therefore, have to model); simplified expression leads to simplified reasoning and, hence, verification. Our approach lets these skills be developed without requiring students to be trained in the underlying formal mathematics. Instead, we build on the work of those who have engineered that necessary mathematics into the concurrency models we use (CSP,

π

-calculus), the model checker (FDR) that lets us explore and verify those systems, and the programming languages/libraries (occam-

π

, Go, JCSP, ProcessJ) that let us design and build efficient executable systems within these models. This paper introduces a workflow methodology for the development and verification of concurrent systems; it also presents and reflects on two open-ended case studies, using this workflow, developed at the authors’ two universities. Concerns analysed include safety
(don’t do bad things)
, liveness
(do good things)
and low probability deadlock
(that testing fails to discover)
. The necessary technical background is given to make this paper self-contained and its work simple to reproduce and extend.
Frühkindlicher BMI-Verlauf bei monogener Adipositas
Authors: Kohlsdorf Katja , Nunziata Adriana , Funcke Jan-Bernd , Brandt Stephanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Vollbach Heike , Lennerz Belinda , Fritsch Maria , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Borck Guntram , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela , Wabitsch Martin 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Monogene Adipositasformen haben eine geschätzte Prävalenz von 1–5 % in der Gruppe der extrem adipösen Patienten. Bereits im frühen Kindesalter zwischen monogener Adipositas und anderen Adipositasformen zu unterscheiden, stellt eine Herausforderung für Kinderärzte dar. Insbesondere stellt sich die Frage, wann weiterführende Diagnostik indiziert ist.

Fragestellung
Können Body Mass Index (BMI) und BMI-Verlauf als Parameter herangezogen werden, um eine monogene Adipositas auf Basis einer Mutation des Leptin- oder Leptinrezeptorgens frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren?

Material und Methoden
Frühkindliche BMI-Verläufe (0–5 Jahre) von n = 21 Patienten mit monogener Adipositas aufgrund von Leptindefizienz (LEP, n = 6), Leptinrezeptordefizienz (LEPR, n = 6) und MC4-Rezeptordefizienz (MC4R, n = 9) wurden analysiert. BMI-Werte im Alter von 2 und 5 Jahren, Zeitpunkte der Vorsorgen U7 und U9 in Deutschland, wurden zwischen den Gruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Patienten mit funktionellem Leptinmangel oder Leptinrezeptordefekt zeigen den stärksten BMI-Anstieg in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren. Ihr BMI ist im Alter von 2 Jahren >25 kg/m2 [27,2–38,4 kg/m2] und im Alter von 5 Jahren >30 kg/m2 [33,3–45,9 kg/m2]. Bei Patienten mit MC4R-Defekt manifestierte sich die Adipositas zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt mit signifikant niedrigeren BMI-Werten im Alter von 2 bzw. 5 Jahren (p < 0,01).

Diskussion
Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein BMI > 25 kg/m2 im Alter von 2 Jahren und ein BMI > 30 kg/m2 im Alter von 5 Jahren Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer monogenen Adipositas auf Basis einer Mutation des Leptin- oder Leptinrezeptorgens ist. Bei diesen Patienten sollte eine weiterführende Diagnostik (Bestimmung von Leptin, bioaktivem Leptin, Molekulargenetik) frühzeitig erfolgen.
Genome‐wide association study of Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes at prediagnosis stages
Authors: Chung Jaeyoon , Wang Xulong , Maruyama Toru , Ma Yiyi , Zhang Xiaoling , Mez Jesse , Sherva Richard , Takeyama Haruko ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Lunetta Kathryn L. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Jun Gyungah R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionGenetic associations for endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitive stages preceding AD have not been thoroughly evaluated.MethodsWe conducted genome‐wide association studies for AD‐related endophenotypes including hippocampal volume, logical memory scores, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and total/phosphorylated tau in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study.ResultsIn CN subjects, study‐wide significant (P < 8.3 × 10−9) loci were identified for total tau near SRRM4 and C14orf79 and for hippocampal volume near MTUS1. In mild cognitive impairment subjects, study‐wide significant association was found with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near ZNF804B for logical memory test of delayed recall scores. We found consistent expression patterns of C14orf40 and MTUS1 in carriers with risk alleles of expression SNPs and in brains of AD patients, compared with in the noncarriers and in brains of controls.DiscussionOur findings for AD‐related brain changes before AD provide insight about early AD‐related biological processes.
Challenging Diagnosis and Inpatient Rehabilitation of Acute Bilateral Neuralgic Amyotrophy Possibly Attributed to Lyme Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Shangming , Zhang Lucy Q. , Wright Megan , Gater David R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is a neurologic syndrome of unknown etiology primarily affecting the brachial plexus. We are reporting an unusual case of acute bilateral NA that was possibly secondary to Lyme disease. The patient demonstrated significant functional gains and was discharged home after 2 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation, supporting the role of inpatient rehabilitation in acute NA. In this report, we discuss the diagnosis, electrodiagnostic progression, pain management, goals for inpatient rehabilitation, and overall prognosis of NA.Level of EvidenceV
The diffusive sheet method for scalar mixing
Authors: Martínez-Ruiz D. , Meunier P. , Favier B. , Duchemin L. , Villermaux E. 
Published: December 2017

The diffusive strip method (DSM) is a near-exact numerical method for mixing computations initially developed in two dimensions (Meunier & Villermaux, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 662, 2010, pp. 134–172). The method, which consists of following stretched material lines to compute the resulting scalar field a posteriori, is extended here to three-dimensional flows. We describe the procedure and its three-dimensional peculiarity, which relies on the Lagrangian advection of a triangulated surface from which the stretching rate is extracted to infer the scalar field. The method is first validated at moderate Péclet number against a classical pseudospectral method solving the advection–diffusion equation for a Batchelor vortex, and then applied to a simple Taylor–Couette experimental configuration with non-rotating boundary conditions at the top-end disk, bottom-end disk and outer cylinder. This motion, producing an elaborate although controlled steady three-dimensional flow, relies on Ekman pumping arising from the rotation of the inner cylinder. A recurrent two-cell structure is separated by the horizontal mid-plane and formed by stream tubes shaped as nested tori under laminar flow conditions. A scalar blob in the flow experiences a Lagrangian oscillating dynamics undergoing stretchings and compressions, driving the mixing process. The DSM enables the calculation of the blob elongation and scalar concentration distributions through a single variable computation along the advected blob surface, capturing the rich evolution observed in the experiments. Interestingly, the mixing process in this axisymmetric and steady three-dimensional flow leads to a linear growth of surfaces in time similar to the one obtained in a two-dimensional shear. The potentialities, limits and extension of the method to more general flows are finally discussed.
The past as a work in progress
Authors: FARA PATRICIA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOriginating as a presidential address during the seventieth birthday celebrations of the British Society for the History of Science, this essay reiterates the society's long-standing commitment to academic autonomy and international cooperation. Drawing examples from my own research into female scientists and doctors during the First World War, I explore how narratives written by historians are related to their own lives, both past and present. In particular, I consider the influences on me of my childhood reading, my experiences as a physics graduate who deliberately left the world of science, and my involvement in programmes to improve the position of women in science. In my opinion, being a historian implies being socially engaged: the BSHS and its members have a responsibility towards the future as well as the past.Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.Søren Kierkegaard,Journals and Papers, 1843
Light-curve analysis of KOI 2700b: the second extrasolar planet with a comet-like tail
Authors: Garai Z 
Published: December 2017

Context. The Kepler object KOI 2700b (KIC 8639908b) was discovered recently as the second exoplanet with a comet-like tail. It exhibits a distinctly asymmetric transit profile, likely indicative of the emission of dusty effluents and reminiscent of KIC 12557548b, the first exoplanet with a comet-like tail.
Aim. The scientific goal of this work is to verify the disintegrating-planet scenario of KOI 2700b by modeling its light curve and to put constraints on various tail and planet properties, as was done in the case of KIC 12557548b.
Methods. We obtained the phase-folded and binned transit light curve of KOI 2700b, which we subsequently iteratively modeled using the radiative-transfer code SHELLSPEC. We modeled the comet-like tail as part of a ring around the parent star and we also included the solid body of the planet in the model. During the modeling we applied selected species and dust particle sizes.
Results. We confirmed the disintegrating-planet scenario of KOI 2700b. Furthermore, via modeling, we derived some interesting features of KOI 2700b and its comet-like tail. It turns out that the orbital plane of the planet and its tail are not edge-on, but the orbital inclination angle is from the interval [85.1, 88.6] deg. In comparison with KIC 12557548b, KOI 2700b exhibits a relatively low dust density decreasing in its tail. We also derived the dust density at the beginning of the ring and the highest optical depth through the tail in front of the star, based on a tail-model with a cross-section of 0.05 × 0.05 R⊙ at the beginning and 0.09 × 0.09 R⊙ at its end. Our results show that the dimension of the planet is Rp∕Rs ≤ 0.014 (Rp ≤ 0.871 R⊕, or ≤5551 km). We also estimated the mass-loss rate from KOI 2700b, and we obtained Ṁ values from the interval [5.05 × 107, 4.41 × 1015] g s−1. On the other hand, we could not draw any satisfactory conclusions about the typical grain size in the dust tail.