bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in treating lactic and non-lactic metabolic acidosis at different chloride levels
Authors: Wu Jian , Lai Ling , Xue Xiaoyan , Wu Shuiyan , Liu Huaqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of sodium bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis in patients is common in clinical practice, but the efficacy is still controversial. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in treating non-lactic and lactic metabolic acidosis, as well as its effectiveness at various chloride levels.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted by screening pediatric patients diagnosed with metabolic acidosis from PIC database. Patients were categorized into two groups: lactate patients (lactate > 2 mmol/L) and non-lactate patients (lactate ≤ 2 mmol/L). The risk of in-hospital and 28-day mortality for sodium bicarbonate treatment was assessed.
Results
A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of 5814 patients, with 3184 (54.76%) being lactate patients. In lactate patients, when chloride < 107 mmol/L, those who received sodium bicarbonate therapy exhibited a significantly elevated risk of both in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR = 2.195, 95% CI: 1.536–3.135, p < 0.001) and 28-day mortality (adjusted OR = 2.195, 95% CI: 1.434–2.989, p < 0.001). Conversely, when chloride ≥ 113 mmol/L, patients who received sodium bicarbonate had a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality, with adjusted OR values of 0.365 (95% CI: 0.217–0.614, p < 0.001) and 0.396 (95% CI: 0.232–0.675, p = 0.001), respectively. Similar findings were observed in non-lactate patients.
Conclusions
Regardless of lactate levels, sodium bicarbonate was effective in reducing the risk of death in patients with hyperchloremia, while increasing the risk of death in non-hyperchloremic patients.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and its Impact on Quality of Life among Cancer Patients in Freetown, Sierra Leone: Considerations for a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Abiri Onome Thomas , Sheriff Matilda Seinya , Smalle Isaac Olufemi , Bell Nellie V.T. , Kamara Ibrahim Franklyn , Kamara Thaim B. , Cummings-John Constance , Coker Joshua , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Kanu Joseph Sam , Luke Ronita , Kamara Lannes , Smith John , Samai Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer patients are increasingly resorting to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to alleviate the effects of the disease and enhance their quality of life (QoL). However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated CAM use and its impact on QoL in patients with cancer in Sierra Leone. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of and associated factors with CAM use, and compare the quality of life between CAM users and non-users.
Methods
Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, using an adapted questionnaire. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at three health facilities in Freetown viz Connaught Hospital, Ola During Children's Hospital, and the Water and Stone Clinic. The QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer tool. Descriptive analysis was employed and binary logistic regression tests were used to explore the factors associated with CAM use, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
In total, 204 participants completed the study. The prevalence of CAM use was 48.5%. Among the various CAMs examined in this study, herbal medicines (48.8%) followed by special foods (19.4%) were the most commonly used forms of CAM. The primary reason for CAM use was the management of cancer complications (43.4%). Over half of the CAM users did not disclose their CAM use to their doctors (53.5%). There was a statistically significant association between CAM use and tertiary education (AOR = 2.68, 95%CI = 1.31–5.49, p = 0.007) and chemotherapy treatment (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.06–3.46, p = 0.032). There was no considerable impact of CAM on QoL, although financial difficulty was statistically significant among CAM users compared with non-CAM users.
Conclusion
This study revealed that CAM use is prevalent among patients with cancer, with herbal medicines being the most commonly used form, followed by special foods and prayers. Patients primarily obtain information about CAM from family, friends, and relatives, and most do not discuss CAM use with their doctors. Tertiary education and chemotherapy were found to be predictors of CAM use. Regarding the impact of CAM on QoL, only financial difficulty was statistically significant.
Proteomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: liu xin , An Lili , Chen Gongzhen , Ni Meng , Wang Xuebing , Fu yufeng , Zhou Yonghui , Yang Yuqi , Peng Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a public health concern and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis causes a significant number of BSIs. Antibiotics targeting Staphylococcus epidermidis have been the mainstay in BSIs. However, conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Alternate ways of treating these antibiotic-resistant infections are thus urgently needed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that certain traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) exhibit notable antimicrobial activity and possess the ability to impede the development of bacterial resistance. Based on an extensive body of research in the field of TCM, it has been determined that the compositae plant exhibits a noteworthy anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis (MRSE) effect. Thus, Emilia sonchifolia was used to explore the antibacterial activity againse MRSE.
Methods: Here, the objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy and underlying antibacterial mechanism of Emilia sonchifolia against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis( MRSE). The antibacterial activity of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE was assessed through in vitro tests measuring minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC).On the other hand, a mouse bloodstream infections of MRSE was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE in vivo . Furthermore, based on proteomics and transcriptomics were investigated to explore the underlying antibacterial mechanisms of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE.
Results: The results showed that MIC and MBC values of Emilia sonchifolia against MRSE were 5mg/mL and 20mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, Emilia sonchifolia can effectively treat MRSE induced bloodstream infections.In addition, proteomic and transcriptomic data revealed a significant down-regulation of purine metabolism,which were associated with oxidative stress and cell wall synthesis. Furthermore,We determined imp, AMP and GMP by Elisa. The results showed that the contents of these enzymes all decreased, indicating that purine metabolism was inhibited. At the same time, SEM results showed that bacterial cell wall was destroyed.
Conclusions: Emilia sonchifolia exerts antibacterial effects by affecting purine metabolism, promoting bacterial oxidative stress and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Thus, the aforementioned observations have contributed novel insights into the mechanistic understanding of Emilia sonchifolia's efficacy against MRSE, thereby offering potential strategies for managing MRSE infections.
Resolving Active and Spectator Species during the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over Pt(111) on the Microsecond Timescale
Authors: Shavorskiy Andrey , Eads Calley , Wang Weijia , Küst Ulrike , Prumbs Julia , Temperton Robert , Scardamaglia Mattia , Schnadt Joachim , Jnudsen Jan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Catalytic studies traditionally rely on steady-state conditions resulting in time-averaged datasets that do not differentiate between active and spectator species. This limitation can cause misinterpretations of catalytic function, as the signal of short-lived intermediates responsible for producing desired reaction products is often masked by more intense spectator species. Time-resolved ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-APXPS) mitigates this issue by combining microsecond time resolution under reaction conditions. Using tr-APXPS, we investigate the oxidation of CO over Pt(111) by concurrently tracking reaction products, surface intermediates, and catalyst response. Our findings reveal that chemisorbed oxygen, rather than Pt surface oxide, is the main species reacting with CO to form CO2, supporting a primary Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The results shed new light on a heavily-debated reaction in catalysis. Beyond using CO pulses to determine active species, we demonstrate how careful tuning of pulsing parameters can be used for dynamic catalyst operation to enhance CO2 formation.
Impact of surface roughness on consistent resonator performance
Authors: Karuppannan Senthil Kumar , Kommanaboina Naga Manikanta , Utama Adrian , Mukherjee Manas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Superconducting circuit-based quantum processors are leading platforms for quantum computing. In these circuits, microwave photons are stored as qubits in ultra-low-loss planar resonators and non-linear inductors formed by Josephson junctions. Resonators are typically made from high-energy-gap superconductors like Nb or Ta, while junctions are made of Al. Resonators occupy much of the circuit, making defect-free fabrication and understanding microwave energy dissipation crucial. Losses arise from noise, two-level systems (TLS), quasi-particles, and impurities. TLS losses dominate at operating temperatures below the critical temperature of the metal, whereas photon loss due to quasi-particles, often stemming from grain boundaries and pinholes in the metal film, becomes more pronounced at higher photon numbers or temperatures approaching the metal's critical temperature. To mitigate these, substrate cleaning, surface control, and non-superconducting film capping prevent oxide formation and reduce impurities. High-frequency drives, coupled with impurities at grain boundaries, lead to nonuniform quality factors among resonators. By controlling oxygen plasma exposure to minimize surface roughness and pinhole depth, we observed an area-dependent quality factor, which we attribute to changes in surface resistivity. This approach minimized variations in quality factors across resonators, improving uniformity in Nb-based devices and more consistent qubit readout performance.
LncRNA MALAT1 promotes METTL3-mediated m6A modification to promote progression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tian Shuhong , Ling Fayu , Fu Dunzhi , Wang Qiongyu , Li Fan , Li Biao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to examine whether lncRNA MALAT1 targets METTL3 and modulates its expression, subsequently influencing the expression of INPP5B and LRIG2 genes. Additionally, the research seeks to determine how these interactions regulate the tumor immune microenvironment and impact the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: Non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H226) served as the experimental model in this study. The cells were transfected with si-MALAT1 and OE-METTL3 constructs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to determine the subcellular localization of MALAT1. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry, whereas cell proliferation was assessed through the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation assay. The Transwell assay was utilized to evaluate cell migration capability and m6A methylation levels. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were conducted to measure the expression levels of cancer-related genes. Furthermore, an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to validate the interaction between MALAT1 and METTL3. To investigate the functional implications of this interaction, a BALB/c nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model was utilized, wherein NSCLC cells with silenced MALAT1 expression were employed, both with and without the overexpression of METTL3.
Results: The MALAT1 is primarily localized within the nucleus. Under conditions of low expression, MALAT1 remains confined to the nucleus, whereas at elevated expression levels, it translocates to the cytoplasm. Following the application of siRNA targeting MALAT1 (si-MALAT1), a reduction in cell proliferation and migration capabilities was observed, although no significant change in cell colony formation ability was detected. Additionally, an increase in cell apoptosis was noted, with cells exhibiting arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In parallel, the expression levels of MALAT1 and the oncogenic gene LRIG2 were both diminished, concomitant with a reduction in m6A methylation levels. Subsequent to the interference with MALAT1, transfection with a METTL3 overexpression vector led to a notable decrease in apoptosis, retention of cells in the S phase, and a significant downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene INPP5B. Results from the RIP assay indicated an interaction between MALAT1 and the MALAT1 protein. Furthermore, MALAT1 modulates the impact of METTL3 on the immune microenvironment of NSCLC tumors.
Conclusion: The long non-coding RNA MALAT1 facilitates the progression of NSCLC and holds potential as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
Design and modeling of process manufacturing-oriented digital twin system
Authors: Chen Jinshi , Zhao Yunlong , Huo Dongyang , Ma Zhigang , Xi Bo , Ma Caoyuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The digital twin represents a significant direction for the digital transformation of factories. Traditional process manufacturing is characterized by limited real-time interaction and insufficient transparency, hindering effective monitoring of production data and delaying the timely response to production incidents. These limitations make it increasingly unsuitable for the demands of the digital age. This paper proposes a digital twin system for process manufacturing, developed based on a five-dimensional model, and explains the interaction process of the digital twin system from the perspective of data circulation. The development methods and key enabling technologies of the digital twin system are summarized. Using the coding production line as the research object, the data space, virtual space, and user space were constructed based on the Blender platform. Experimental results indicate that this system possesses functions such as remote monitoring, data analysis, remote control, process tracing, and VR interaction. This research establishes the groundwork for advancing the remote and autonomous operation of process manufacturing.
Treatment of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients with a physiotherapeutic protocol combined with photobiomodulation
Authors: Bonazza Dinorá Simone Santi , Duarte Vanessa Matias Souza , Lima Thiago da Rosa , Gomes Ciro Martins , Damazo Amílcar Sabino 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Leprosy, when diagnosed late, often leads to persistent complications, including neuropathic pain due to Mycobacterium leprae infection. This study aimed to apply a physiotherapeutic protocol combined with photobiomodulation as a non-pharmacological resource to reduce neuropathic pain and maintain functional capacity in leprosy patients.
Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 leprosy patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: physiotherapeutic protocol (PPG) and physiotherapeutic protocol combined with photobiomodulation (PPBMG). They were analyzed for pain scale (VAS), screening of activity limitation and safety awareness (SALSA), participation scale, and quality of life survey (SF-36).
Results: In the SALSA, a reduction in the number of patients with very severe limitation was observed in the PPBMG (effect size, 0.24). In participation scale, there was an increase in the number of patients without restrictions in the PPBMG. Regarding VAS, there was improvement in both groups (PPG, P=0.0061; PPBMG, P=0.041), with no difference between them. In relation to neurological evaluation by nerve palpation, there was improvement in the ulnar nerve condition (P=0.0244) in the PPG group, and in the fibular nerve (P=0.0425) in the PPBMG group. In the functional assessment, PPBMG patients showed statistical differences with improvement in the median (P=0.0281) and tibial (P=0.0267) nerves. In the SF-36, there was an increase in the domains of physical limitations (PPG, P=0.0273; and PPBMG, P=0.0078) and pain (PPG, P=0.0156; and PPBMG, P=0.0020; effect size, 0.34).
Conclusion: This study provides highly relevant evidence for the efficacy of PPBMG in treating neuropathic pain in leprosy patients.
Capabilities and Challenges Encountered by Barangay Officials of Selected Barangays in Dipolog City on Local Budgeting Process
Authors: ENERO FAITH MARIE , NAPAROTA LEO 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The present political landscape of Dipolog City presented an interesting setting for the study. The researchers assessed the capabilities and challenges faced by barangay officials in connection with their sex, age, position, years of experience, and educational attainment. Extensive discussion on various legal frameworks governing the local budgeting process which allows barangay officials to participate were provided for contextualization. Sixty barangay officials in Dipolog City served as respondents of this quantitative research and findings indicate that barangay officials were much capable in all areas of the local budgeting process characterizing the phases of budget preparation, budget authorization, budget execution, and budget accountability. The capabilities of barangay officials were not significantly different depending on the respondent’s profile. The phases of budget preparation, budget authorization, and budget accountability were deemed by the respondents to be "moderately challenging," and categorized budget execution as "highly challenging". Barangay officials assessed the difficulties they encountered in creating the local budget to be "moderately challenging". Based on their sex, age, position, years of experience, and educational attainment, it was discovered that the respondents' opinions of the local budgeting process did not differ significantly from one another.
The frequency of symptoms of reflux in the esophagus and triggers of heartburn
Authors: Shtygasheva O. V. , Ageeva E. S. , Emelyanov N. V. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The heterogeneity of GERD pathogenesis determines the differences in diagnostic and therapeutic tactics. The personalization of therapy includes individual nuances of the metabolism of proton pump inhibitors and modification of risk factors: reduction of excess body weight, the abolition of tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, optimization of the pattern of eating behavior, the exclusion of drugs affecting the lower esophageal sphincter, normalization of the permeability of the mucous membrane of the esophagus.Aim. To investigate pathological changes in the esophagus according to endoscopic examination protocols and the frequency of factors predisposing to the occurrence of reflux symptoms in the esophagus.Materials and methods. In retrospective study of the EGDS protocols (n = 208), esophagitis was assessed (Los Angeles classification, 1994) and at the same time, risk factors for heartburn were investigated by questionnaire in a hospital cohort of patients (n = 50). The analysis of these protocols and respondents’ responses took into account differences by gender and age (WHO).Results and discussion. Among patients with convincing endoscopic signs of GERD in a random sample of EGDS protocols, men predominated. The frequency of detection of pathological changes in the esophagus associated with GERD was at the level of 19.5%, stage C esophagitis was recorded 2 times more often, while stage D esophagitis and Baretta esophagus were recorded only in men. Age-related patterns have been established: stage D esophagitis, Barette’s esophagus and peptic stricture of the esophagus were detected among elderly and senile patients. Among the triggers of heartburn, respondents most often chose a certain pattern of eating behavior. Obesity was a significant risk factor in women, while smoking and taking calcium channel blockers were significant in men.Conclusion. Prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors is indicated in a limited proportion of patients suffering from heartburn. To diversify GERD therapy, diagnostic measures are needed to clarify the mechanism of reflux into the esophagus.
Physiological characteristics of microbial transformation during chronic exposure to triclosan as a hydrophobic antibacterial agent and post-antibacterial cessation
Authors: Nguyen T. H. , Fujino Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The use of triclosan (TCS) in hygiene products and other materials raises concerns about increased antimicrobial resistance. Research has shown that bacteria can develop resistance to TCS, but there is limited understanding of how bacterial behavior changes after TCS is removed. This study focuses on how bacteria adapt to prolonged TCS exposure and recover after its removal. It aims to improve practices for using antimicrobial agents in sanitation products and emphasize the importance of understanding exposure and recovery times to prevent resistance development. The study evaluated the bacterial behavior, determining the minimum inhibition concentration of TCS that 90% of Escherichia coli was inhibited (MIC90), predicting bacterial growth kinetics using the Modified Gompertz model and membrane permeability recovery. Bacteria showed a significant increase in resistance levels during exposure, with the MIC90 steadily increasing over 30 days and peaking at 16 mg/L. Upon removal, there was a notable 2-fold decrease in resistance after 10 days of reculturing in a non-chemical medium, likely due to restructuring changes in cell membranes. Therefore, in addition to reducing the occurrence of antibacterial agents in the environment, advanced treatments for eliminating antibacterial resistance should be performed on wastewater before being discharged into the environment.
Structure-Activity Relationship of Substituted Pyrazoline Derivatives as Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Akbar Saleem , Das Subham , Mahto Aman Kumar , Dewangan Rikeshwer Prasad , Ahmed Bahar 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target certain cell signalling pathways, and have become a promising class of medications for the treatment of cancer in recent years. Because of their distinct structure and adaptable chemistry, pyrazolines have drawn a lot of interest from organic and medicinal chemists. Their exceptional TKI activity has prompted them to investigate chemotherapy for cancer.

Objective:
We aim to develop agents that inhibit tyrosine kinases highly effective with the least amount of harm possible, perhaps improving the course of cancer treatment.

Methods:
This review compiled current information from recent literature sources, includ-ing in vitro, in vivo, approved medications, active clinical trials, and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) linked to various pyrazoline analogues used as small-molecule Tyro-sine Kinase Inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Results:
This study focuses on SAR inside the pyrazoline ring and its derivatives as TKIs, and it emphasizes current developments, including patents, authorized medications, and compounds in clinical trials.

Conclusion:
By enhancing our understanding of these compounds, our goal is to aid in making the roles of pharmacologists, scientists, and researchers who are designing and developing next-generation anticancer drugs with pyrazoline scaffolds easier. The future holds immense potential for the continued evolution of pyrazoline-based therapies, offer-ing renewed hope in the ongoing battle against cancer.