bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between Weight Status and Perceived Body Size and the Association with Body Size Satisfaction in Children
Authors: Leppers Iris , Tiemeier Henning , Swanson Sonja A. , Verhulst Frank C. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Franco Oscar H. , Jansen Pauline W. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveExtensive evidence suggests that children and adolescents often inaccurately perceive their body size. However, the extent of this misperception is unclear. This paper describes the agreement between children's actual weight and the perception of body size (self‐reported and maternally reported) and the association of actual weight with self‐reported body satisfaction.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study of 3,408 children aged 9 to 10 years, we assessed the children's self‐perception and ideal perception of their body size with the Children's Body Image Scale. Maternal perception of offspring body size was assessed with the question “How would you describe your child at the moment?” Children's height and weight were measured.ResultsChildren tended to rate themselves toward average proportions; e.g., 83.0% of 499 children with overweight/obesity perceived themselves as less heavy then they were. Of those who underestimated their body size, most (79.2%) had a desire to be thinner; all of the children who correctly recognized their overweight/obesity had such a desire.ConclusionsDespite the misperception of body size, the majority of children with overweight/obesity indicated dissatisfaction with their body size, suggesting more self‐awareness than would be assumed based on the self‐perception assessment of body size alone.
Caveolin‐1 Secreted from Adipose Tissues and Adipocytes Functions as an Adipogenesis Enhancer
Authors: Chang Chia‐Chu , Chen Chen‐Yu , Wen Hui‐Chin , Huang Chih‐Yang , Hung Ming‐Shiu , Lu Hsi‐Chi , Chen Woan‐Ling , Chang Chung‐Ho 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveCaveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) is expressed abundantly in adipose tissue and involved in many physiological processes. While Cav‐1 has been reported to be secreted in pancreatic acinar cells and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, its secretion from adipose tissue awaits investigation.MethodsCav‐1 secretion from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and fat tissues from normal chow diet‐ and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice was measured. Functions and uptake of secreted Cav‐1 proteins were assessed by adding Cav‐1 back to preadipocytes and LNCaP cells.ResultsCav‐1 secretion was evident in adipose tissues and were substantially promoted in HFD‐fed mice. Cav‐1 was detectable in the conditioned media of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes but not preadipocytes. Hypertrophied adipocytes induced by glucose and fatty acids secreted more Cav‐1, suggesting that hypertrophied adipocytes were responsible for enhanced Cav‐1 secretion in obese mice. Secreted Cav‐1 was taken up by preadipocytes and LNCaP cells. 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes overexpressing Cav‐1 were better differentiated, suggesting that secreted Cav‐1 may promote adipogenesis. Hypertrophied 3T3‐L1 adipocytes enhanced ERK1/2 activation, and the attenuation of ERK1/2 activity by PD98059 inhibited Cav‐1 secretion.ConclusionsCav‐1 is actively secreted from adipocytes as a putative adipogenesis enhancer. Hypertrophied adipocytes secrete Cav‐1 via ERK1/2‐dependent mechanisms to promote adipogenesis, thus establishing a vicious cycle.
Caloric Restriction‐Induced Decreases in Dopamine Receptor Availability are Associated with Leptin Concentration
Authors: Dunn Julia P. , Abumrad Naji N. , Kessler Robert M. , Patterson Bruce W. , Li Rui , Marks‐Shulman Pamela , Tamboli Robyn A. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveIt has been previously reported that early after Roux‐en‐Y‐gastric bypass, dopamine (DA) type 2 and 3 receptor (D2/3R) binding potential (BPND) was decreased from preoperative levels. The current study aimed to determine whether calorie restriction without weight loss modifies D2/3R BPNDand whether such changes are explained by neuroendocrine regulation.MethodsFifteen females with obesity (BMI = 39 ± 6 kg/m2) were studied before and after ∼10 days of a very‐low‐calorie‐diet (VLCD). Outcome measures included fasting insulin, leptin, acyl ghrelin, and glucose, and insulin sensitivity and disposition index were estimated using the oral‐minimal model (OMM) method. Participants underwent positron emission tomography scanning with the displaceable radioligand [18F]fallypride to estimate available regional D2/3R levels. Regions of interest included the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra (SN).ResultsWith the VLCD, weight decreased slightly (−3 kg). Insulin, glucose, and leptin decreased significantly, but there was no change in acyl ghrelin or measures from OMM. SN D2/3R BPNDdecreased significantly, with trends toward decreased levels in the remaining regions. The decrease in leptin concentration strongly predicted the change in D2/3R BPNDin all regions (allP ≤ 0.004).ConclusionsIn obesity, reductions in regional D2/3R availability after VLCD are suggestive of increased endogenous DA competing with the radioligand. Changes in regional D2/3R availability were associated with decreases in leptin concentrations that occurred before clinically significant weight loss.
Optical, electrochemical, and thermal behavior of polybenzoxazine copolymers incorporated with tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline
Authors: Hariharan A. , Kesava M. , Alagar M. , Dinakaran K. , Subramanian K. 
Published: September 2017

Two new polybenzoxazine copolymers were synthesized by polymerizing conventional benzoxazine monomer with varying weight percentage of tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline. The tetrasubstituted imidazole was synthesized through Debus‐Radziszewski imidazole synthesis method, and quinoline derivative was synthesized through Friedlander quinoline synthesis, and their structure was confirmed through FTIR, 1HNMR, and MASS spectral analysis. New polybenzoxazine copolymers were synthesized by polymerizing conventional benzoxazine monomer with varying weight percentage of (10, 20, and 30%) of phenolic tetraphenylimidazole and diphenylquinoline. The polybenzoxazines cocured with 10, 20, and 30 wt% of imidazole derivative showed a band gap of 2.27, 2.08, and 2.2 eV, respectively, and the quinoline derivative incorporated at 10, 20, and 30 wt% in to polybenzoxazines exhibited a band gap of 2.26, 2.3, and 2.03 eV, respectively. The polybenzoxazines cocured with phenolic imidazoles and quinolines have high glass transition and thermal degradation stability in addition to significant improvement in optical and electrochemical properties than that of conventional bisphenol‐based polybenzoxazines.
Human papillomavirus E6 protein enriches the CD55(+) population in cervical cancer cells, promoting radioresistance and cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Leung Thomas Ho‐Yin , Tang Hermit Wai‐Man , Siu Michelle Kwan‐Yee , Chan David Wai , Chan Karen Kar‐Loen , Cheung Annie Nga‐Yin , Ngan Hextan Yuen‐Sheung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. Subpopulations of cells that reside within tumours are responsible for tumour resistance to cancer therapy and recurrence. However, the identity of such cells residing in cervical cancer and their relationship with the HPV‐E6 protein have not been identified. Here, we isolated sphere‐forming cells, which showed self‐renewal ability, from primary cervical tumours. Gene expression profiling revealed that cluster of differentiation (CD) 55 was upregulated in primary cervical cancer sphere cells. Flow‐cytometric analysis detected abundant CD55(+) populations among a panel of HPV‐positive cervical cancer cell lines, whereas few CD55(+) cells were found in HPV‐negative cervical cancer and normal cervical epithelial cell lines. The CD55(+) subpopulation isolated from the C33A cell line showed significant sphere‐forming ability and enhanced tumourigenicity, cell migration, and radioresistance. In contrast, the suppression of CD55 in HPV‐positive CaSki cells inhibited tumourigenicity both in vitro and in vivo, and sensitized cells to radiation treatment. In addition, ectopic expression of the HPV‐E6 protein in HPV‐negative cervical cancer cells dramatically enriched the CD55(+) subpopulation. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of CD55 in an HPV‐E6‐overexpressing stable clone abolished the tumourigenic effects of the HPV‐E6 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that HPV‐E6 protein expression enriches the CD55(+) population, which contributes to tumourigenicity and radioresistance in cervical cancer cells. Targeting CD55 via CRISPR/Cas9 may represent a novel avenue for developing new strategies and effective therapies for the treatment of cervical cancer. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation and treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis patients with central nervous system abnormalities: Current views and new vistas
Authors: Yeh E. Ann , Greenberg Jay , Abla Oussama , Longoni Giulia , Diamond Eli , Hermiston Michelle , Tran Brandon , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Allen Carl E. , McClain Kenneth L. ,   on behalf of the North American Consortium for Histiocytosis
Published: September 2017

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) can include mass lesions of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, choroid plexus, cerebrum, and cerebellum or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormalities of the cerebellum, pons, and basal ganglia. The term neurodegenerative (ND) CNS‐LCH has been given to the MRI signal abnormalities and neurologic dysfunction, although initially patients may have no clinical symptoms. Standardized evaluations to better understand the natural history and response to therapy are needed. We propose guidelines for clinical, radiologic, and physiologic tests as a framework for developing the best methods of evaluation, which can then be tested in prospective treatment protocols.
A 15‐year overview of increasing tramadol utilisation and associated mortality and the impact of tramadol classification in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chen Teng‐Chou , Chen Li‐Chia , Knaggs Roger David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to develop hypotheses to explain the increasing tramadol utilisation, evaluate the impact of tramadol classification, and explore the trend between tramadol utilisation and related deaths in the United Kingdom.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used individual patient data, the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 1993 to 2015, to calculate monthly defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 registrants, monthly prevalence and incidence of tramadol users, annual supply days, and mean daily dose of tramadol. Aggregated‐level national statistics and reimbursement data from 2004 to 2015 were also used to quantify annual and monthly tramadol DDD/1000 inhabitants and rate of tramadol‐related deaths in England and Wales. Interrupted time‐series analysis was used to evaluate the impact of tramadol classification in June 2014.ResultsPrevalence of tramadol users increased from 23 to 97.6/10 000 registrants from 2000 to 2015. Both annual dose and annual supply days of existing tramadol users were higher than new users. Level and trend of monthly utilisation (β2: −12.9, β3: −1.6) and prevalence of tramadol users (β2: −6.4, β3: −0.37) significantly reduced after classification. Both annual tramadol utilisation and rate of tramadol‐related deaths increased before tramadol classification and decreased thereafter.ConclusionsIncreasing tramadol utilisation was influenced by the increase in prevalence and incidence of tramadol users, mean daily dose, and day of supply. Prevalence of tramadol users, tramadol utilisation, and reported deaths declined after tramadol classification. Future studies need to evaluate the influencing factors to ensure the safety of long‐term tramadol use.
A step forward in disclosing the secret of stradivari's varnish by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Spinella Alberto , Malagodi Marco , Saladino Maria Luisa , Weththimuni Maduka L. , Caponetti Eugenio , Licchelli Maurizio 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIt is commonly thought that the varnishes used by the great violin‐maker Antonio Stradivari may have a role in determining not only the esthetical features but also the acoustic properties of his instruments, and the idea of a “lost secret” is still widespread among musicians and violin‐makers. Previous scientific researches on varnish samples of Stradivari's instruments revealed that they were generally made by a mix of linseed oil with and colophony or metal rosinates in different ratios ranging between 75/25 (oil/resin) and 60/40 (oil/rosinate). However, it is still not clear whether the mixture composition can be related to any structural and/or functional feature of the resulting varnish. To investigate this aspect, we prepared varnishes with different linseed oil/colophony (w/w) ratios and applied NMR techniques to achieve information about their chemical–physical characteristics. Here, we show that the two components strongly interact in the solid state and that only the varnish prepared from 75/25 (w/w) linseed oil/colophony mixture displays unique properties in terms of dynamic homogeneity unlike coatings with other compositions. Our results suggest that the so‐called “secret” of Stradivari's finish could not be related to unknown ingredient(s) but to a specific oil/resin composition that provides the best performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3949–3954
Highly proton conducting proton‐exchange membranes based on fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s with octasulfonated segments
Authors: Xie Yunji , Liu Di , Li Danqi , Han Xiaocui , Li Su , Chen Zheng , Zhang Haibo , Pang Jinhui , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA new bisphenol monomer containing a pair of electron‐rich tetra‐arylmethane units was designed and synthesized. Based on this monomer, along with commercial 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol A and 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone, a series of novel poly(arylene ether ketone)s containing octasulfonated segments of varying molar percentage (x) (6F‐SPAEK‐x) were successfully synthesized by polycondensation reactions, followed by sulfonation. Tough, flexible, and transparent membranes, exhibiting excellent thermal stabilities and mechanical properties were obtained by casting. 6F‐SPAEK‐x samples exhibited appropriate water uptake and swelling ratios at moderate ion exchange capacities (IECs) and excellent proton conductivities. The highest proton conductivity (215 mS cm−1) is observed for hydrated 6F‐SPAEK‐15 (IEC = 1.68 meq g−1) at 100 °C, which is more than 1.5 times that of Nafion 117. Furthermore, the 6F‐SPAEK‐10 membrane exhibited comparable proton conductivity (102 mS cm−1) to that of Nafion 117 at 80 °C, with a relatively low IEC value (1.26 meq g−1). Even under 30% relative humidity, the 6F‐SPAEK‐20 membrane (2.06 meq g−1) showed adequate conductivity (2.1 mS cm−1) compared with Nafion 117 (3.4 mS cm−1). The excellent comprehensive properties of these membranes are attributed to well‐defined nanophase‐separated structures promoted by strong polarity differences between highly ionized and fluorinated hydrophobic segments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 25–37
Role of polymer network and gelation kinetics on the mechanical properties and adsorption capacity of chitosan hydrogels for dye removal
Authors: Salzano de Luna Martina , Altobelli Rosaria , Gioiella Lucia , Castaldo Rachele , Scherillo Giuseppe , Filippone Giovanni 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTChitosan (CS) hydrogels are receiving growing attention as adsorbents for water purification purposes. The conditions of preparation of this class of materials play a crucial in the determination of their performances; however, this aspect is often neglected in the literature. In this study, we deal with this issue, focusing on the structure‐property relationships of CS hydrogels obtained by phase inversion method. We show that the concentration of the starting solution determines the density and strength of intermolecular interactions, and that the gelation kinetics dictates the hydrogel structure at the microscale. Consequently, even subtle changes in the preparation protocol can cause significant differences in the performances of CS hydrogels in terms of mechanical properties and dye adsorption capacity. The observed trends are often neither trivial nor monotonic. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that they can be interpreted looking at the CS network structure, which can be inferred by rheological measurements. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1843–1849
Effect of strain‐induced molecular ordering on mechanical performance and barrier properties of polylactide nanocomposites
Authors: Karami Shahir , Lafleur Pierre G. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPlastic deformation of polylactide has been known as a self‐reinforcement alternative to improve mechanical and barrier properties. In this study, the structural evolution was investigated during a hot‐drawing process, at different initial strain rates and temperatures above Tg of polylactide. The drawing process at Tg +10 °C, led to the formation of an intermediate molecular ordering, between the crystalline and amorphous phases. A lower fraction of this mesomorphic phase was found to develop with the addition of nanoparticles. An increase in the stretching temperature to Tg +30 °C, caused an improvement of the crystallization kinetics, compared to that of thermally activated crystallization. A strain hardening behavior was observed in the presence of mesophase during a stretching process of the hot‐drawn films at room temperature. Permeability was discerned to its basic components, diffusivity, and solubility coefficients. The matrix degradation influenced the permeability components. The diffusivity decreases in the presence of the impermeable matters. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1865–1876
The unidirectional hypoxia‐activated prodrug OCT1002 inhibits growth and vascular development in castrate‐resistant prostate tumors
Authors: Nesbitt Heather , Worthington Jenny , Errington Rachel J. , Patterson Laurence H. , Smith Paul J. , McKeown Stephanie R. , McKenna Declan J. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundOCT1002 is a unidirectional hypoxia‐activated prodrug (uHAP) OCT1002 that can target hypoxic tumor cells. Hypoxia is a common feature in prostate tumors and is known to drive disease progression and metastasis. It is, therefore, a rational therapeutic strategy to directly target hypoxic tumor cells in an attempt to improve treatment for this disease. Here we tested OCT1002 alone and in combination with standard‐of‐care agents in hypoxic models of castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsThe effect of OCT1002 on tumor growth and vasculature was measured using murine PC3 xenograft and dorsal skin fold (DSF) window chamber models. The effects of abiraterone, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel, both singly and in combination with OCT1002, were also compared.ResultsThe hypoxia‐targeting ability of OCT1002 effectively controls PC3 tumor growth. The effect was evident for at least 42 days after exposure to a single dose (30 mg/kg) and was comparable to, or better than, drugs currently used in the clinic. In DSF experiments OCT1002 caused vascular collapse in the PC3 tumors and inhibited the revascularization seen in controls. In this model OCT1002 also enhanced the anti‐tumor effects of abiraterone, cabazitaxel, and docetaxel; an effect which was accompanied by a more prolonged reduction in tumor vasculature density.ConclusionsThese studies provide the first evidence that OCT1002 can be an effective agent in treating hypoxic, castrate‐resistant prostate tumors, either singly or in combination with established chemotherapeutics for prostate cancer.
Connectivity as the facilitator of intra‐European student migration
Authors: Baláž Vladimír , Williams Allan M. , Chrančoková Martina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudent migration represents the major form of international human capital training and has significant implications for knowledge transfer and economic development, but its highly uneven geography remains relatively underresearched. This paper addresses two gaps in the research literature. First, it provides a temporal perspective by analysing intra‐European tertiary student exchange in three subperiods, within the time frame of 1998–2012, capturing both continuities and major changes in the strong polarisation of intra‐European student exchanges against a backdrop of significant institutional changes in Europe. Alongside the dominant polarisation, there is also regionalisation of exchange within some parts of Europe. Second, the determinants of the changing spatial concentration of international human capital training are analysed in terms of not only traditional migration push–pull factors but also connectivity. The findings indicate that connectivity factors, such as language and/or spatial proximity, and established flows of labour, trade, and knowledge are the most significant determinants and underpin the persistent stability in the polarisation of exchange. In contrast, traditional push–pull factors, such as income and employment differentials or differences in tertiary education quality and investment, are less important.
Toward the preparation of the HAuF6, HAu2F11, and HAu3F16 superacids: Theoretical study
Authors: Czapla Marcin , Skurski Piotr 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe apply the B3LYP and QCISD theoretical methods with the 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set and the LANL2DZ effective core potentials to investigate the reaction paths leading to the preparation of the HAuF6, HAu2F11, and HAu3F16 superacids. The Gibbs free energies of deprotonation of these systems are calculated to estimate their acid strength. The thermodynamic stability of the corresponding anionic precursors ((AuF6)–, (Au2F11)–, and (Au3F16)–) and their vertical excess electron detachment energies are evaluated and discussed. The suggested route of the HAu2F11 preparation involves the F– attachment to the Au2F10 reactant which results in the formation of the (Au2F11)– anion whose protonation yields the HAu2F11 superacid. The suggested HAuF6 superacid preparation route is based on a qualitatively similar scheme and involves the conversion of the AuF5 reactant into the (AuF6)– anion followed by its protonation. The proposed path for the HAu3F16 superacid preparation involves the attachment of AuF5 to HAu2F11.