bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: incidence, epidemiology, and spectrum of pathogens: report of the Polish Pediatric Group for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zając‐Spychała O. , Wachowiak J. , Pieczonka A. , Siewiera K. , Frączkiewicz J. , Kałwak K. , Gorczyńska E. , Chybicka A. , Czyżewski K. , Jachna‐Sawicka K. , Wysocki M. , Klepacka J. , Goździk J. , Zaucha‐Prażmo A. , Kowalczyk J.R. , Styczyński J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfectious complications are a significant cause of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) failure, especially allogeneic HSCT (allo‐HSCT) because of delayed immune reconstitution and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) occurrence. Identifying the factors responsible for bacterial infections (BI) in patients undergoing HSCT will provide much more effective empirical antimicrobial treatment in this group of patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and profile of BI in patients after HSCT in 5 centers of the Polish Pediatric Group for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in 2012–2013.Patients and methodsIn 308 HSCT recipients, we retrospectively analyzed 273 episodes of BI in 113 (36.7%) children aged 0.02–22 years (median age: 7 years), 92 after allo‐HSCT and 22 after autologous HSCT (auto‐HSCT). We assessed incidence of BI in different HSCT types by calculating the Index of Bacterial Infection (IBI) as a ratio of patients with at least 1 BI to all patients who underwent this type of HSCT in the analyzed period. We assessed the profile of BI with particular emphasis on multidrug‐resistant organisms, and impact of underlying disease and of graft‐versus‐host disease on BI episodes.ResultsIn the studied group, 273 episodes of BI were diagnosed, including 237 episodes after allo‐HSCT and 36 after auto‐HSCT. Among allo‐HSCT recipients diagnosed with at least 1 BI, the IBI was 0.4 (matched sibling donor‐HSCT 0.3; matched donor‐HSCT 0.4; mismatched unrelated donor [MMUD]‐HSCT 0.8; P = 0.027) and after auto‐HSCT 0.3 per 1 transplanted patient. In patient after allo‐HSCT because of myelo‐ or lymphoproliferative diseases and bone marrow failures, the major cause of infections was Enterobacteriaceae, while gram‐positive bacteria predominated in the group with primary immunodeficiencies. In all patients after auto‐HSCT, the dominant pathogen of BI were Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.011). Time from each type of HSCT to infection caused by different pathogens did not differ significantly.ConclusionsThe risk of BI does not depend on the underlying disease, but only on HSCT donor type and is the highest after MMUD‐HSCT procedure. The profile of BI depends on the underlying disease and HSCT donor type, but does not depend on the occurrence of acute GVHD. Gram‐negative bacteria predominated in patients with myelo‐ and lymphoproliferative diseases, while in patients with primary immunodeficiencies gram‐positive strains were predominant.
HIV prevention and care‐seeking behaviour among female sex workers in four cities in India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa
Authors: Lafort Yves , Greener Ross , Roy Anuradha , Greener Letitia , Ombidi Wilkister , Lessitala Faustino , Haghparast‐Bidgoli Hassan , Beksinska Mags , Gichangi Peter , Reza‐Paul Sushena , Smit Jenni A. , Chersich Matthew , Delva Wim 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify gaps in the use of HIV prevention and care services and commodities for female sex workers, we conducted a baseline cross‐sectional survey in four cities, in the context of an implementation research project aiming to improve use of sexual and reproductive health services.MethodsUsing respondent‐driven sampling, 400 sex workers were recruited in Durban, 308 in Tete, 400 in Mombasa and 458 in Mysore and interviewed face‐to‐face. RDS‐adjusted proportions were estimated by nonparametric bootstrapping and compared across cities using post hoc pairwise comparison.ResultsCondom use with last client ranged from 88.3% to 96.8%, ever female condom use from 1.6% to 37.9%, HIV testing within the past 6 months from 40.5% to 70.9%, receiving HIV treatment and care from 35.5% to 92.7%, care seeking for last STI from 74.4% to 87.6% and having had at least 10 contacts with a peer educator in the past year from 5.7% to 98.1%. Many of the differences between cities remained statistically significant (P < 0.05) after adjusting for differences in FSWs' socio‐demographic characteristics.ConclusionThe use of HIV prevention and care by FSWs is often insufficient and differed greatly between cities. Differences could not be explained by variations in socio‐demographic sex worker characteristics. Models to improve use of condoms and HIV prevention and care services should be tailored to the specific context of each site. Programmes at each site must focus on improving availability and uptake of those services that are currently least used.
Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and prognostic significance of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in relation to cardiac disease and congestive heart failure in cats: 725 cases (2006–2011)
Authors: Peck Courtney M. , Nielsen Lindsey K. , Quinn Rebecca L. , Laste Nancy J. , Price Lori Lyn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) in cats with cardiomyopathy is associated with increased mortality. To establish whether specific types of cardiomyopathy are more often associated with SEC in an attempt to provide a risk‐stratification scheme for cats with increased risk of thromboembolic events.DesignRetrospective study 2006–2011.SettingTertiary referral and teaching hospital.AnimalsSeven hundred twenty‐five client‐owned cats undergoing echocardiographic evaluation.Measurements and Main ResultsPatient characteristics, including age, breed, clinical signs, type of cardiovascular disease, presence of SEC, and survival time were recorded. Thyroxine, HCT, and blood pressure were recorded when available. Among cats diagnosed with cardiac abnormalities based on echocardiographic findings, those with SEC were at significantly increased risk of death as compared to those without SEC. Cats with dilated cardiomyopathy, unclassified cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly more likely to have SEC compared to cats with other types of cardiac disease.ConclusionsCats with cardiomyopathy and SEC have an increased risk of death compared to cats without SEC, although other previously identified factors such as the presence of congestive heart failure and increased left atrium to aorta ratio remain important determinants of mortality. Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, unclassified cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy may benefit from anticoagulant therapy due to the increased risk of SEC in these subpopulations.
Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam against Clinical and Isogenic Laboratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Expressing Combinations of Most Relevant β-Lactam Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Torrens Gabriel , Cabot Gabriel , Ocampo-Sosa Alain A. , Conejo M. Carmen , Zamorano Laura , Navarro Ferrán , Pascual Álvaro , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Oliver Antonio 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

The activity of ceftazidime-avibactam was compared with that of ceftazidime alone and meropenem against a collection of 190
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
clinical isolates recovered from a multicenter study of bloodstream infections. The addition of avibactam increased ceftazidime susceptibility in the complete collection of strains (64.7% to 91.1%) and particularly among subsets of isolates showing AmpC hyperproduction (10.9% to 76.1%) or multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles (27% to 77.8%). The MICs of ceftazidime-avibactam, in contrast with those of ceftazidime or meropenem, remained at ≤4 μg/ml for a panel of 16
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 isogenic mutants expressing multiple combinations of the most relevant β-lactam resistance mechanisms.
Acanthamoeba castellanii Genotype T4 Stimulates the Production of Interleukin-10 as Well as Proinflammatory Cytokines in THP-1 Cells, Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Mattana Antonella , Sanna Manuela , Cano Antonella , Delogu Giuseppe , Erre Giuseppe , Roberts Craig W. , Henriquez Fiona L. , Fiori Pier Luigi , Cappuccinelli Piero 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Free-living amoebae of the genus
Acanthamoeba
can cause severe and chronic infections in humans, mainly localized in immune privileged sites, such as the brain and the eye. Monocytes/macrophages are thought to be involved in
Acanthamoeba
infections, but little is known about how these facultative parasites influence their functions. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of
Acanthamoeba
on human monocytes/macrophages during the early phase of infection. Here, THP-1 cells, primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood, and human monocyte-derived macrophages were either coincubated with trophozoites of a clinical isolate of
Acanthamoeba
(genotype T4) or stimulated with amoeba-derived cell-free conditioned medium. Production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and IL-12), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and chemokine (IL-8) was evaluated at specific hours poststimulation (ranging from 1.5 h to 23 h). We showed that both
Acanthamoeba
trophozoites and soluble amoebic products induce an early anti-inflammatory monocyte-macrophage phenotype, characterized by significant production of IL-10; furthermore, challenge with either trophozoites or their soluble metabolites stimulate both proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine production, suggesting that this protozoan infection results from the early induction of coexisting, opposed immune responses. Results reported in this paper confirm that the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by monocytes and macrophages can play a role in the development of the inflammatory response during
Acanthamoeba
infections. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that
Acanthamoeba
stimulates IL-10 production in human innate immune cells, which might both promote the immune evasion of
Acanthamoeba
and limit the induced inflammatory response.
Paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic drift of the Lhasa terrane (Tibet) from Gondwana to Eurasia
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Ding Lin , Lippert Peter C. , Song Peiping , Yue Yahui , van Hinsbergen Douwe J.J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Mesozoic plate tectonic history of Gondwana-derived crustal blocks of the Tibetan Plateau is hotly debated, but so far, paleomagnetic constraints quantifying their paleolatitude drift history remain sparse. Here, we compile existing data published mainly in Chinese literature and provide a new, high-quality, well-dated paleomagnetic pole from the ca. 180 Ma Sangri Group volcanic rocks of the Lhasa terrane that yields a paleolatitude of 3.7°S ± 3.4°. This new pole confirms a trend in the data that suggests that Lhasa drifted away from Gondwana in Late Triassic time, instead of Permian time as widely perceived. A total northward drift of ∼4500 km between ca. 220 and ca. 130 Ma yields an average south-north plate motion rate of 5 cm/yr. Our results are consistent with either an Indian or an Australian provenance of Lhasa.
Are schools and alcohol a good mix? A qualitative study of school principals' experiences of adults' alcohol use in Australian secondary schools
Authors: Ward Bernadette M , Buykx Penny , Munro Geoffrey , Wiggers John 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveParents, schools and the broader community influence children's socialisation to alcohol. In Australia, the UK and the USA, there have been media reports of adults consuming alcohol at family-focused school events such as fairs and graduations. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe school principals' experiences of adults' use of alcohol at school events, when children are present.Design/setting/participantsA qualitative study was undertaken. Publicly available lists were used to invite 60 principals from government and Catholic secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted and analysed thematically and reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.Results14 principals (5 female, 9 male) participated. Most (10) of the participating principals reported adults' use of alcohol at events when students were present. Regarding these events, most principals reported concerns regarding potential harms and responsibility for decision-making about alcohol availability in schools. Some (4) principals believed alcohol should not be present at such events and this was their practice. Half of the participating schools had recently made changes to reduce the availability or management of alcohol at school functions.ConclusionsThe findings confirm the common use of alcohol by adults at school events, the challenges this poses for school principals and suggests consideration needs to be given to identifying strategies for supporting schools and school principals in decision-making regarding the conduct of such events.
Investigations on growth and property of mid-infrared lithium selenoindate single crystals
Authors: Dai Li , Tan Chao , Yan Zhehua , Xu Yuheng 
Published: August 2016

Lithium selenoindate (LiInSe2) crystals with high optical quality are successfully grown by small-angle inclined horizontal temperature gradient condensation. In order to evaluate the various characteristics, the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, optical damage resistance ability and Vickers hardness in lithium selenoindate crystals were studied. The growth crystals have orthorhombic nature, a = 6.184 Å, b = 7.092 Å and c = 8.207 Å. The damage thresholds of LiInSe2 crystal with the front face and back face were 224 mW/cm2 and 165 mW/cm2. Also the Vickers hardness number of LiInSe2 crystal was found to be 342.4 kg/mm2.
Impact of Warmer Eastern Tropical Pacific SST on the March 2015 Atacama Floods
Authors: Bozkurt Deniz , Rondanelli Roberto , Garreaud René , Arriagada Andrés 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNorthern Chile hosts the driest place on Earth in the Atacama Desert. Nonetheless, an extreme precipitation event affected the region on 24–26 March 2015 with 1-day accumulated precipitation exceeding 40 mm in several locations and hourly mean rainfall rates higher than 10 mm h−1, producing floods and resulting in casualties and significant damage. The event is analyzed using ERA-Interim, surface station data, sounding observations, and satellite-based radar. Two main conditions favorable for precipitation were present at the time of the event: (i) a cutoff low (COL) off the coast of northern Chile and (ii) positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the eastern tropical Pacific. The circulation driven by the COL was strong but not extraordinary. Regional Climate Model, version 4 (RegCM4), is used to test the sensitivity of precipitation to SST anomalies by removing the warm SST anomaly in the eastern tropical Pacific. The cooler simulation produced very similar COL dry dynamics to that simulated in a control run (with observed SST), but suppressed the precipitation by 60%–80% over northern Chile and 100% in parts of the Atacama Desert due to the decreased availability of precipitable water. The results indicate that the warm SST anomaly over the eastern Pacific, favored by the onset of El Niño 2015/16, was instrumental to the extreme precipitation event by providing an anomalous source of water vapor transported to Atacama by the circulation ahead of the COL.
The International Committee of the Blue Shield
Authors: McGowan Ian 
Published: August 2016

The Blue Shield is the cultural equivalent of the Red Cross. It is the symbol specified in the 1954 Hague Convention for marking cultural sites to give them protection from attack in the event of armed conflict. It is also the name of an international committee set up in 1996 to work to protect the world's cultural heritage threatened by wars and natural disasters. The Mission of the International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) is to work for the protection of the world's cultural heritage by coordinating preparations to meet and respond to emergency situations. The ICBS covers museums and archives, historic sites and libraries. It brings together the knowledge, experience and international networks of the four expert organizations dealing with cultural heritage: the International Council on Archives (ICA), the International Council of Museums (ICOM), the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). More information can be found at www.ifla.org/blueshield.htm
The Lenin State Library: The National Library of the USSR
Authors: Igumnova N.P. 
Published: August 2016

The Lenin State Library (LSL) was built on foundations laid in the mid-19th century, and received large and valuable additions after the 1917 Revolution. Its status, principles and organizational basis were confirmed by a government decree of 1984. Among its functions were that of a public library serving the population at large, and as the centre for the national retrospective, scholarly and ‘recommendatory bibliography’. The collections contain c.40 million units, but acquisitions are now substantially reduced because of the economic crisis and the political changes. Some expensive institutional and private national imprints do not come within the framework of the present legal deposit system, and the LSL now has little money to buy foreign materials. Space shortage and poor conservation conditions inhibit its work in the field of preservation. It is heavily used, each year receiving 2.6 visits and issuing 30 million volumes. The catalogue of the former restricted collection has been incorporated in the public catalogues and the materials are now available. A ‘Concept’ recently developed for the period up to 2010 distinguishes two groups of functions – main functions, which follow from the library's social purpose, and additional functions which emerge at certain stages of development. Other important functions already being performed are specialized information support of government bodies, the Book Museum and the Central Scientific-Military Library. The scale of activities of the LSL, which is not limited by geographical or departmental borders, is expressed in the definition of it as the Ail-Union national library; this together with the national libraries of the republics makes up the aggregate system of national libraries of the country.
AHRD’s Globalization
Authors: McLean Gary N. , Lee Monica M. 
Published: August 2016

The Problem The Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD, used interchangeably here with the Academy) was founded and has always been headquartered in the United States. This has communicated the message that the Academy is U.S.-centric, and, indeed, many aspects of its operations have confirmed this U.S.-centric perspective. However, this has not been the intent of AHRD. What has been done, and what more is needed, to change this view? The Solution We examined the historical efforts to expand internationally through membership, conferences, relationships with other associations, journals, and special interest groups (SIGs). In addition, we offered suggestions for other actions that might enhance global perspectives in overcoming existing challenges in the future. The Stakeholders All members of the Academy should be interested in this article, as the Academy continues to stress the importance of internationalizing (used interchangeably with globalizing) the Academy, whether they be academics, practitioners, or students. Other professional organizations, not just those headquartered in the United States, but throughout the world, should be interested in the Academy’s successes and challenges in this arena.
How to monitor patient safety in primary care? Healthcare professionals' views
Authors: Samra R , Car J , Majeed A , Vincent C , Aylin P 
Published: August 2016

Summary Objective To identify patient safety monitoring strategies in primary care. Design Open-ended questionnaire survey. Participants A total of 113 healthcare professionals returned the survey from a group of 500 who were invited to participate achieving a response rate of 22.6%. Setting North-West London, United Kingdom. Method A paper-based and equivalent online survey was developed and subjected to multiple stages of piloting. Respondents were asked to suggest strategies for monitoring patient safety in primary care. These monitoring suggestions were then subjected to a content frequency analysis which was conducted by two researchers. Main Outcome measures Respondent-derived monitoring strategies. Results In total, respondents offered 188 suggestions for monitoring patient safety in primary care. The content analysis revealed that these could be condensed into 24 different future monitoring strategies with varying levels of support. Most commonly, respondents supported the suggestion that patient safety can only be monitored effectively in primary care with greater levels of staffing or with additional resources. Conclusion Approximately one-third of all responses were recommendations for strategies which addressed monitoring of the individual in the clinical practice environment (e.g. GP, practice nurse) to improve safety. There was a clear need for more staff and resource set aside to allow and encourage safety monitoring. Respondents recommended the dissemination of specific information for monitoring patient safety such as distributing the lessons of significant event audits amongst GP practices to enable shared learning.
Features of the Personnel Policy of an Public Operating Company of Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Пешкова  , Peshkova O. , Замуравкин  , Zamuravkin P. 
Published: August 2016

Increasing requirements for housing and communal services, its development and improvement are an important factor in improving the quality of people’s
lives. This makes it necessary to significantly change the principles of the personnel policy in public institutions. Only then will they be able to improve the
quality of goods and services provided to the population, and as a result, to achieve reduce social tension in society. The purpose of research — to learn the
basics of formation of personnel policy in the public management company housing and communal services on the example of a particular organization and
to formulate recommendations for its improvement. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the developed principles of human resources policy
are adapted to the particular area — management of housing and communal services. The proposed set of measures can be recommended for use in the
Russian organizations for the management of housing and communal services because the situation can be regarded as typical for this sector of the Russian
economy.