bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of solid-state laser lighting devices using SiAlON phosphor–glass composite films as wavelength converters
Authors: Yoshimura Kenichi , Annen Kazunori , Fukunaga Hiroshi , Harada Masamichi , Izumi Makoto , Takahashi Kohsei , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Xie Rong-Jun , Hirosaki Naoto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this work, SiAlON phosphor–glass films were investigated as wavelength converters in solid-state laser lighting. The phosphor–glass composite films were prepared by dispersing phosphor powders into a silica precursor solution and sintering at 500 °C. Both simulation and experiment were carried out to evaluate the optical properties of solid-state lighting devices using SiAlON:Eu or YAG:Ce–glass films. The device using SiAlON:Eu phosphors initially has lower brightness than that of the device using YAG:Ce at lower laser powers, but the latter has an illuminance saturation at 1000 lx whereas the SiAlON-based device is free of saturation even at higher laser powers. The device using SiAlON phosphor–glass composite films has a maximum illuminance 15% higher than that of the device using YAG when the temperature exceeds 250 °C. These better optical properties are ascribed to the higher thermal stability of SiAlON phosphors that are able to achieve high luminance and thermally robust solid-state lighting.
Low-cost foil metallization using arc discharge for passivated emitter and rear solar cells
Authors: Kurimoto Yuji , Yamasaki Ichiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For the cost reduction of passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), we propose a new rear contact formation method, in which an aluminum foil and an arc discharge system are used. The arc discharge system consists of inexpensive parts and does not contain any sophisticated part such as a laser ablation apparatus. Therefore, this system can save the cost of the rear contact forming process. We applied this technique to a test production of PERC. It is found that the arc discharge system can provide a similar performance to that attained by a conventional PERC production method.
Formation of GaN porous structures with improved structural controllability by photoassisted electrochemical etching
Authors: Kumazaki Yusuke , Yatabe Zenji , Sato Taketomo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We aimed to develop a photoassisted electrochemical etching process for the formation of GaN porous structures. Pore linearity and depth controllability were strongly affected by the anode voltage. In addition, the use of light with an energy below the band gap played an important role in controlling the pore diameter. Spectro-electrochemical measurements revealed that the high electric field induced at the GaN/electrolyte interface caused a redshift of the photoabsorption edge. This specific phenomenon can be explained by a theoretical calculation based on the Franz–Keldysh effect. On the basis of the results of our experimental and theoretical analyze, we propose a formation model for GaN porous structures. We also note that the application of the Franz–Keldysh effect is useful in controlling the structural properties of GaN porous structures.
Effects of high-temperature diluted-H2 annealing on effective mobility of 4H-SiC MOSFETs with thermally-grown SiO2
Authors: Hirai Hirohisa , Kita Koji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The impact of post-oxidation annealing (POA) in diluted-H2 ambient on a 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface was investigated with a cold wall furnace. Effective mobility (μeff) was extracted from lateral metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by applying the split capacitance–voltage (C–V) technique to the determination of charge density and a calibration technique using two MOSFETs with different gate lengths to minimize the contribution of parasitic components. POA at 1150 °C in diluted-H2 ambient resulted in an enhancement of μeff compared with that for POA in N2 ambient. It was indicated that the effects of POA in diluted H2 should be attributed to the reduction in the density of near interface traps, which disturb the electron transportation in the inversion channel, from the measurement temperature dependence of μeff as well as from the C–V curves of MOS capacitors fabricated on n-type SiC.
Ade novotranscriptome of the Malpighian tubules in non-blood-fed and blood-fed Asian tiger mosquitoesAedes albopictus: insights into diuresis, detoxification, and blood meal processing
Authors: Esquivel Carlos J. , Cassone Bryan J. , Piermarini Peter M. 
Published: March 2016

Background.In adult female mosquitoes, the renal (Malpighian) tubules play an important role in the post-prandial diuresis, which removes excess ions and water from the hemolymph of mosquitoes following a blood meal. After the post-prandial diuresis, the roles that Malpighian tubules play in the processing of blood meals are not well described.Methods.We used a combination of next-generation sequencing (paired-end RNA sequencing) and physiological/biochemical assays in adult female Asian tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus) to generate molecular and functional insights into the Malpighian tubules and how they may contribute to blood meal processing (3–24 h after blood ingestion).Results/Discussion.Using RNA sequencing, we sequenced and assembled the firstde novotranscriptome of Malpighian tubules from non-blood-fed (NBF) and blood-fed (BF) mosquitoes. We identified a total of 8,232 non-redundant transcripts. The Malpighian tubules of NBF mosquitoes were characterized by the expression of transcripts associated with active transepithelial fluid secretion/diuresis (e.g., ion transporters, water channels,V-type H+-ATPase subunits), xenobiotic detoxification (e.g., cytochrome P450 monoxygenases, glutathioneS-transferases, ATP-binding cassette transporters), and purine metabolism (e.g., xanthine dehydrogenase). We also detected the expression of transcripts encoding sodium calcium exchangers, G protein coupled-receptors, and septate junctional proteins not previously described in mosquito Malpighian tubules. Within 24 h after a blood meal, transcripts associated with active transepithelial fluid secretion/diuresis exhibited a general downregulation, whereas those associated with xenobiotic detoxification and purine catabolism exhibited a general upregulation, suggesting a reinvestment of the Malpighian tubules’ molecular resources from diuresis to detoxification. Physiological and biochemical assays were conducted in mosquitoes and isolated Malpighian tubules, respectively, to confirm that the transcriptomic changes were associated with functional consequences. In particular,in vivodiuresis assays demonstrated that adult female mosquitoes have a reduced diuretic capacity within 24 h after a blood meal. Moreover, biochemical assays in isolated Malpighian tubules showed an increase in glutathioneS-transferase activity and the accumulation of uric acid (an end product of purine catabolism) within 24 h after a blood meal. Our data provide new insights into the molecular physiology of Malpighian tubules in culicine mosquitoes and reveal potentially important molecular targets for the development of chemical and/or gene-silencing insecticides that would disrupt renal function in mosquitoes.
Changes in terrestrial aridity for the period 850–2080 from the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Fu Qiang , Lin Lei , Huang Jianping , Feng Song , Gettelman Andrew 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study examines changes in terrestrial aridity due to both natural and anthropogenic forcing for the period 850–2080 by analyzing the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Last Millennium Ensemble simulations for 850–2005 and the CESM Large Ensemble simulations for 1920–2080. We compare terrestrial aridity in the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) (950–1250) with that in the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550–1850), present day (PD) (1950–2005) with the last millennium (LM) (850–1850), and the future (F8.5) (2050–2080) with the LM, to place anthropogenic changes in the context of changes due to natural forcings. The aridity index defined as the ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, averaged over land, becomes smaller (i.e., a drier terrestrial climate) by 0.34% for MWP versus LIA (MWP‐LIA), 1.4% for PD versus LM (PD‐LM), and 7.8% for F8.5 versus LM (F8.5‐LM). The change of terrestrial‐mean aridity in PD‐LM and F8.5‐LM due to anthropogenic forcing is thus 4 and 20 times of that from MWP‐LIA due to natural forcing, respectively. It is shown that a drier climate in PD than LM is largely due to a decrease of precipitation while a drier climate in F8.5 than LM, and MWP than LIA, is mainly caused by an increase of temperature. The terrestrial‐mean aridity change in PD‐LM is, however, largely driven by greenhouse gas increases as in F8.5‐LM. This is because anthropogenic aerosols have a small effect on terrestrial‐mean aridity but at the same time they totally alter the attributions of aridity changes to meteorological variables by causing large negative anomalies in surface air temperature, available energy, and precipitation. Different from MWP‐LIA and F8.5‐LM, there are large spatial inhomogeneities in P/PET changes for PD‐LM in both magnitudes and signs, caused by anthropogenic aerosols, greenhouse gases, and land surface changes. The changes of terrestrial‐mean P and P − E (precipitation minus evaporation) for 850–2080 are also examined. The relative changes in P (P − E) are 0.4% (0.6%) for MWP‐LIA, −2.6% (−3.8%) for PD‐LM, and 4.7% (11.8%) for F8.5‐LM. The signs of changes in P − E and P are the same.
On the origin of pronounced O3 gradients in the thunderstorm outflow region during DC3
Authors: Huntrieser H. , Lichtenstern M. , Scheibe M. , Aufmhoff H. , Schlager H. , Pucik T. , Minikin A. , Weinzierl B. , Heimerl K. , Fütterer D. , Rappenglück B. , Ackermann L. , Pickering K. E. , Cummings K. A. , Biggerstaff M. I. , Betten D. P. , Honomichl S. , Barth M. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnique in situ measurements of CO, O3, SO2, CH4, NO, NOx, NOy, VOC, CN, and rBC were carried out with the German Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR)‐Falcon aircraft in the central U.S. thunderstorms during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment in summer 2012. Fresh and aged anvil outflow (9–12 km) from supercells, mesoscale convective systems, mesoscale convective complexes, and squall lines were probed over Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and Kansas. For three case studies (30 May and 8 and 12 June) a combination of trace species, radar, lightning, and satellite information, as well as model results, were used to analyze and design schematics of major trace gas transport pathways within and in the vicinity of the probed thunderstorms. The impact of thunderstorms on the O3 composition in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (LS) region was analyzed. Overshooting cloud tops injected high amounts of biomass burning and lightning‐produced NOx emissions into the LS, in addition to low O3 mixing ratios from the lower troposphere. As a dynamical response, O3‐rich air from the LS was transported downward into the anvil and also surrounded the outflow. The ΔO3/ΔCO ratio was determined in the anvil outflow region. A pronounced in‐mixing of O3‐rich stratospheric air masses was observed in the outflow indicated by highly positive or even negative ΔO3/ΔCO ratios (+1.4 down to −3.9). Photochemical O3 production (ΔO3/ΔCO = +0.1) was found to be minor in the recently lofted pollution plumes. O3 mixing ratios within the aged anvil outflow were mainly enhanced due to dynamical processes.
End‐Group‐Functionalized Poly(α‐olefinates) as Non‐Polar Building Blocks: Self‐Assembly of Sugar–Polyolefin Hybrid Conjugates
Authors: Thomas Tessy S. , Hwang Wonseok , Sita Lawrence R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLiving coordinative chain‐transfer polymerization of α‐olefins, followed by chemical functionalization of a Zn(polymeryl)2intermediate, provides entry to end‐group functionalized poly(α‐olefinates) (x‐PAOs) that can serve as a new class of non‐polar building block with tailorable occupied volumes. Application of these x‐PAOs for the synthesis and self‐assembly of sugar‐polyolefin hybrid conjugates demonstrate the ability to manipulate the morphology of the ultra‐thin film nanostructure through variation in occupied volume of the x‐PAO domain.
Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Carbon Centers through Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Azoles
Authors: Ohmiya Hirohisa , Zhang Heng , Shibata Saori , Harada Ayumi , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation of azoles with γ,γ‐disubstituted primary allylic phosphates was achieved using a new chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand bearing a naphtholic hydroxy group. This reaction occurred with excellent branch regioselectivity and high enantioselectivity, thus forming a controlled all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center at the position α to the heteroaromatic ring.
Hydrosilylation in Aryliminopyrrolide‐Substituted Silanes
Authors: Witteman Léon , Evers Tim , Shu Zhan , Lutz Martin , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Moret Marc‐Etienne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA range of silanes was synthesized by the reaction of HSiCl3 with iminopyrrole derivatives in the presence of NEt3. In certain cases, intramolecular hydrosilylation converts the imine ligand into an amino substituent. This reaction is inhibited by factors such as electron‐donating substitution on Si and steric bulk. The monosubstituted (DippIMP)SiHMeCl (DippIMP=2‐[N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl]pyrrolide), is stable towards hydrosilylation, but slow hydrosilylation is observed for (DippIMP)SiHCl2. Reaction of two equivalents of DippIMPH with HSiCl3 results in the hydrosilylation product (DippAMP)(DippIMP)SiCl (DippAMP=2‐[N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)aminomethylene]pyrrolide), but the trisubsitituted (DippIMP)3SiH is stable. Monitoring the hydrosilylation reaction of (DippIMP)SiHCl2 reveals a reactive pathway involving ligand redistribution reactions to form the disubstituted (DippAMP)(DippIMP)SiCl as an intermediate. The reaction is strongly accelerated in the presence of chloride anions.
Three‐Dimensional Metal–Fullerene Frameworks
Authors: Kraft Andreas , Roth Patrick , Schmidt David , Stangl Johannes , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Beuerle Florian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHexakis‐substituted [60]fullerene adducts with icosahedral symmetry provide an unprecedented scaffold for the spatial arrangement of twelve functional groups with high geometric precision. This unique molecular symmetry identifies such polyfunctional organic building blocks as potential highly connective linkers for coordination polymer and metal–organic framework synthesis. Hereby, the linker exhibits a higher connectivity than the metal ions and with the main connectivity based on the ligand, this can create a new type of inversely cross‐linked framework. Two hexakis adducts bearing either twelve glycolic acid or 3‐hydroxypropionic acid side chains attached to its malonate units were incorporated as organic connectivity centers in the first fullerene‐containing three‐dimensional frameworks by coordination with Zn2+.
Highly Stable Mesoporous Zirconium Porphyrinic Frameworks with Distinct Flexibility
Authors: Xu Lei , Luo Yan‐Ping , Sun Lin , Xu Yan , Cai Zhong‐Sheng , Fang Min , Yuan Rong‐Xin , Du Hong‐Bin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe construction of highly stable metal–porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs) is appealing as these materials offer great opportunities for applications in artificial light‐harvesting systems, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, etc. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel mesoporous metal–porphyrinic framework (denoted as NUPF‐1) and its catalytic properties. NUPF‐1 is constructed from a new porphyrin linker and a Zr6O8 structural building unit, possessing an unprecedented doubly interpenetrating scu net. The structure exhibits not only remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities, but also a distinct structural flexibility, which is seldom seen in metal–organic framework (MOF) materials. By the merit of high chemical stability, NUPF‐1 could be easily post‐metallized with [Ru3(CO)12], and the resulting {NUPF‐1–RuCO} is catalytically active as a heterogeneous catalyst for intermolecular C(sp3)−H amination. Excellent yields and good recyclability for amination of small substrates with various organic azides have been achieved.
Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Functionalization of 2‐H‐4‐Benzylidene Imidazolones: Friendly and Large‐Scale Access to GFP and Kaede Protein Fluorophores
Authors: Muselli Mickaël , Baudequin Christine , Perrio Cécile , Hoarau Christophe , Bischoff Laurent 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first one‐pot synthesis of N‐substituted 2‐H‐4‐benzylidene imidazolones and their subsequent palladium‐catalyzed and copper‐assisted direct C2−H arylation and alkenylation with aryl‐ and alkenylhalides are described. This innovative synthesis is step‐economical, azide‐free, high yielding, highly flexible in the introduction of a variety of electronically different groups, and can be operated on large‐scale. Moreover, the method allows direct access to C2‐arylated or alkenylated imidazolone‐based green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Kaede protein fluorophores, including ortho‐hydroxylated models.
Preclinical animal anxiety research – flaws and prejudices
Authors: Ennaceur Abdelkader , Chazot Paul L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe current tests of anxiety in mice and rats used in preclinical research include the elevated plus‐maze (EPM) or zero‐maze (EZM), the light/dark box (LDB), and the open‐field (OF). They are currently very popular, and despite their poor achievements, they continue to exert considerable constraints on the development of novel approaches. Hence, a novel anxiety test needs to be compared with these traditional tests, and assessed against various factors that were identified as a source of their inconsistent and contradictory results. These constraints are very costly, and they are in most cases useless as they originate from flawed methodologies. In the present report, we argue that the EPM or EZM, LDB, and OF do not provide unequivocal measures of anxiety; that there is no evidence of motivation conflict involved in these tests. They can be considered at best, tests of natural preference for unlit and/or enclosed spaces. We also argued that pharmacological validation of a behavioral test is an inappropriate approach; it stems from the confusion of animal models of human behavior with animal models of pathophysiology. A behavioral test is developed to detect not to produce symptoms, and a drug is used to validate an identified physiological target. In order to overcome the major methodological flaws in animal anxiety studies, we proposed an open space anxiety test, a 3D maze, which is described here with highlights of its various advantages over to the traditional tests.
Nonclinical analysis of the safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of plasma‐derived human FXIII concentrate in animals
Authors: Beyerle Andrea , Solomon Cristina , Dickneite Gerhard , Herzog Eva 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFactor XIII (FXIII) is a coagulation protein which plays a major role in hemostasis by covalently cross‐linking fibrin molecules, thereby stabilizing the blood clot and increasing resistance to fibrinolysis. FXIII deficiency, either congenital or acquired, is associated with spontaneous bleeding, increased bleeding time, and poor wound healing. Purified plasma‐derived human FXIII concentrate (pd hFXIII) has been available since 1993 for therapeutic use in congenital FXIII deficiency. This set of nonclinical investigations aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and assess the safety profile of pd hFXIII. The efficacy and safety of pd hFXIII were evaluated by pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity studies in mice and rats, safety pharmacology studies in dogs, neoantigenicity study, local tolerance, and thrombogenicity tests in rabbits. Administration of pd hFXIII resulted in the correction of deficits in clot formation kinetics and strength as measured by thromboelastometry, and was not associated with thrombus formation up to 350 IU/kg in FXIII knockout mice. There was no production of neoantigens resulting from the viral elimination manufacturing steps detected, and no adverse reactions were observed in toxicity studies with single doses up to 3550 IU/kg in mice and 1420 IU/kg in rats; nor from repeat doses of 350 IU/kg in rats. In addition, local tolerance tests revealed a good tolerability profile in rabbits. Overall, this data showed that pd hFXIII was well tolerated and pharmacodynamically active in preclinical animal models, supporting pd hFXIII as a therapy for FXIII deficiency.
Anion Guided Conformational Adjustments by Protonation Leading to Conformation Reversal
Authors: Phukan Nithi , Baruah Jubaraj B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs a general outline to show anion guided conformational adjustments of an uncommon conformer found in self‐assembly of 2‐[(5‐methylthiazol‐2‐ylamino)‐methyl]‐phenol (1) and subsequent protonation leading to reversal of conformer is shown. On formation of nitrate salt (1 c) the anti conformer of 1 transformed to syn conformer. Whereas conformational adjustments in the corresponding syn conformer of the organocation of the chloride (1 a) and bromide (1 b) took place to adopt orientations that are different from the parent compound or nitrate salt.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Alkyl Ether Sulfate Systems Containing Sodium Carbonate
Authors: Adamy Steven T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRelaxation behaviors in systems containing sodium alkyl ether sulfate and sodium carbonate were studied. The anionic surfactants were commercial grade systems with average chain lengths of twelve carbons and either one, two, or three ethoxy (EO) groups. It was found that viscosity maxima in the three systems were achieved at particular salt levels that increased with an increase in the number of EO groups. Relaxation of the optimized systems was studied by measuring the complex, storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency. Temperature was varied between 5 and 45 °C. While characterization of relaxation in terms of the Maxwell model adequately described data below the threshold of ωτ < 1, the model failed to adequately describe behavior at higher frequencies. A modified expression with an additional Rouse relaxation mode adequately described relaxation throughout the frequency range studied. Temperature dependencies provided estimates of activation energies which were consistent with literature values for reptation modes of relaxation. No temperature dependencies were seen for the second relaxation mode of the model. Studies of ultrasonic attenuation in the surfactant system determined that attenuation increased in systems with higher EO content. Relaxation times were additionally found to decrease with increased EO content. This implied that diffusion in the compressive relaxation modes was more dependent on the sizes of the micellar structures as opposed to the sizes of the individual surfactant molecules.