bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of nonisothermal metasomatism of peridotite from mantle wedge beneath the Avacha group of volcanoes (Kamchatka)
Authors: Sharapov V.N. , Kuznetsov G.V. , Timina T.Yu. , Tomilenko A.A. , Chudnenko K.V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Comprehensive studies of mineralogy, fluid and melt inclusions, and gas phase in minerals from a representative collection of peridotite xenoliths that underwent metasomatism and convective partial melting in the mantle wedge beneath Avacha Volcano were used to simulate interactions between mantle wedge material and magmatic fluids of constant and variable compositions at different depths, as well as metasomatic effects of fluids derived from subduction slabs. The obtained virtual dynamic patterns of metasomatic zoning across the mantle wedge show how composition variations of fluids and PT conditions at their sources influence the facies of metasomatized mantle wedge harzburgite. The compositions of the Avacha xenoliths and crustal rodingite from Kamchatka compared with results of physicochemical modeling suggest that eruptions of Avacha Volcano brought metasomatized material of the upper mantle wedge to the surface. The rocks underwent multistage metasomatism along cracks in a relatively narrow temperature range. Such processes are apparently common to seismically deformed permeable lithosphere above magma reservoirs. However, the mineralogical zoning of the Kamchatka crustal rhodingites differs from that in cracked metasomatic peridotite above the sources of magmatic fluids in the mantle wedge beneath the Kamchatka arc.
Migration of fluids and melts in subduction zones and general aspects of thermophysical modeling in geology
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Simonov V.A. , Koulakov I.Yu. , Kotlyarov A.V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Modeling of fluid-magmatic systems in a suprasubduction mantle wedge is considered for the case of Kamchatka with reference to data on peridotites from other known subduction and oceanic rock complexes. This modeling has to take account of magma storage in several intermediate reservoirs at different depths, up to six such reservoirs, as in the case of Avacha Volcano. Comparison of available data on melt inclusions in spinels indicates crystallization of the Avacha peridotites in magmatic systems progressively decreasing in temperature (&gt;1200 °C → 1100 °C → 900 °C) and pressure (from 13.8 to 4.5 kbar) in intermediate reservoirs at depths of 30–40 and 15–20 km. The Avacha harzburgites do not belong to primary oceanic mantle as they lack both signatures of high-temperature plastic flow and effects of mantle melts known for sheared mantle peridotites from ophiolite suites. The vP/vS ratio estimated from jointly analyzed P- and S-wave velocities (vP and vs, respectively), an important indicator for seismic tomographic reconstructions of subduction zones, allows discriminating between regions saturated mainly with liquid (melts) and gas phases beneath volcanoes. Only specially tested tomographic data can provide reliable reference for modeling of mantle wedge processes.
Spatial-temporal collocation and genetic relationship among uranium, coal, and hydrocarbons and its significance for uranium prospecting: A case from the Mesozoic–Cenozoic uraniferous basins, North China
Authors: Feng Zhibing , Nie Fengjun , Deng Juzhi , Zhang Hujun , Liu Baohua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe fact that uranium, coal, oil, and other ores occur in the same sedimentary basin has been extensively recognized. By comparing the spatial and temporal relationships among uranium, coal, and hydrocarbons, we found that the ore-bearing uranium and coal layers within the same basin are commonly interbedded or adjacent to each other. In general, however, uranium deposits are spatially distant from oilfields. We analyzed the genetic relationship among oil, coal, and uranium by compiling numerous geological surveys, test analyses, and previous studies of the Ili, Songliao, and other basins in North China. It is considered that the mild and humid paleoclimate should be an important factor affecting the formation of coal reservoir, mudstone as the upper and lower aquifuges, and the host rocks with rich organic matters. Thus, these coal-mining areas occurring at the edges of basins deserve to be studied in detail for uranium exploration. In addition, the metallogenic epochs are roughly similar to the epochs of hydrocarbon migration and tectonic events. These existing data of oil exploration can be used to unravel the regional and local tectonic evolutions of the basin related to uranium mineralization. Finally, a rough relationship between uranium mineralization and hydrocarbons was presented. Note that hydrocarbon is not just beneficial for the formation of uranium deposits but may also inhibit the transportation and mineralization of uranium-bearing materials. Regions with shallow hydrocarbon fields or large quantities of hydrocarbon dissipation are not the ideal exploration locations for uranium.
Inversion of magnetotelluric data in fault zones of Gorny Altai based on a three-dimensional model
Authors: Plotkin V.V. , Pospeeva E.V. , Gubin D.I. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) in Gornyi Altai are interpreted on the basis of a numerical model of MTS curve distortions in a 3D earth. The distortions are modeled using the Trefftz method permitting the application of models of different degrees of similarity to the test medium (depending on available computational resources). The main advantages of this approach are demonstrated. There is no need to choose between different MTS curves (transverse and longitudinal, minimum and maximum, undistorted and distorted). Procedures of normalizing these curves become unnecessary. All recorded curves are fully used as input data for their inversion. Optimization of the model of the medium taking into account the distortions of MTS curves caused by surface and depth inhomogeneities improves the reliability of geoelectric sections.
Improving the aerodynamic performance of a cycloidal rotor through active compliant morphing
Authors: Ferrier L. , Vezza M. , Zare-Behtash H. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCycloidal rotors are a novel form of propulsion system that can be adapted to various forms of transport such as air and marine vehicles, with a geometrical design differing significantly from the conventional screw propeller. Research on cycloidal rotor design began in the early 1930s and has developed throughout the years to the point where such devices now operate as propulsion systems for various aerospace applications such as micro air vehicles, unmanned air vehicles and compound helicopters. The majority of research conducted on the cycloidal rotor’s aerodynamic performance have not assessed mitigating the dynamic stall effect, which can have a negative impact on the rotor performance when the blades operate in the rotor retreating side. A solution has been proposed to mitigate the dynamic stall effect through employment of active, compliant leading-edge morphing. A review of the current state of the art in this area is presented. A two-dimensional, implicit unsteady numerical analysis was conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software package STAR CCM+, on a two-bladed cycloidal rotor. An overset mesh technique, otherwise known as a chimera mesh, was used to apply complex transient motions to the simulations. Active, compliant leading-edge morphing is applied to an oscillating NACA 0015 aerofoil to attempt to mitigate the dynamic stall whilst maintaining the positive dynamic lift coefficient (Cl) contributions. It was verified that by applying a pulsed input leading-edge rotational morphing schedule, the leading-edge vortex does not fully form and the large flow separation is prevented. Further work in this investigation will focus on coupling the active, leading-edge motion to the cycloidal rotor model with the aim to maximise aerodynamic performance.
Speculation, Dialectic and Critique: Hegel and Critical Theory in Germany after 1945
Authors: Moir Cat 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article challenges the restrictive association of critical theory with the Frankfurt School by exploring the differential reception of Hegel by German critical thinkers on both sides of the Iron Curtain after 1945. In the West, Theodor Adorno held Hegelian ‘identity thinking’ partly responsible for the atrocities of National Socialism. Meanwhile in the East, Ernst Bloch turned Hegel into a weapon against the communist regime. The difference between Adorno and Bloch’s positions is shown to turn on the relationship between speculation, dialectics and critique. Whereas for Adorno Hegelian speculation was the root of dangerous identity thinking, Bloch saw the repression of speculative thought as a cornerstone of totalitarianism. However, it is argued that ultimately Bloch and Adorno were united in their reception of Hegel by a shared understanding that the goal of critical theory, namely the transformation of the social totality, could not be achieved without utopian speculation.
Chinese Entrepreneurs, Social Networks, andGuanxi
Authors: Burt Ronald S. , Burzynska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIntending to clear space for rigorous integrative research bridging theory and research across East and West, we highlight four conclusions from exceptional data on the networks around Chinese entrepreneurs: (1) The broker networks associated with business success in the West are also associated with success in China; (2) The trust correlates of closed networks in the West are similarly correlated in China; (3) History and trust proven in events emerge as especially important to the Chinese entrepreneurs; (4) High-quality network data on Chinese business leaders are a practical reality. We use the results to define a network perspective onguanxities that can be common ground for integrating results across East and West, and guide future research on the role networks play in Chinese business.
Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Ford Christopher , Chang Shine , Vitolins Mara Z. , Fenton Jenifer I. , Howard Barbara V. , Rhee Jinnie J. , Stefanick Marcia , Chen Bertha , Snetselaar Linda , Urrutia Rachel , Frazier-Wood Alexis C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is unclear which of four popular contemporary diet patterns is best for weight maintenance among postmenopausal women. Four dietary patterns were characterised among postmenopausal women aged 49–81 years (mean 63·6 (sd7·4) years) from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study: (1) a low-fat diet; (2) a reduced-carbohydrate diet; (3) a Mediterranean-style (Med) diet; and (4) a diet consistent with the US Department of Agriculture’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Discrete-time hazards models were used to compare the risk of weight gain (≥10 %) among high adherers of each diet pattern. In adjusted models, the reduced-carbohydrate diet was inversely related to weight gain (OR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·76), whereas the low-fat (OR 1·43; 95 % CI 1·33, 1·54) and DGA (OR 1·24; 95 % CI 1·15, 1·33) diets were associated with increased risk of weight gain. By baseline weight status, the reduced-carbohydrate diet was inversely related to weight gain among women who were normal weight (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·63, 0·81), overweight (OR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·76) or obese class I (OR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·53, 0·76) at baseline. The low-fat diet was associated with increased risk of weight gain in women who were normal weight (OR 1·28; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·46), overweight (OR 1·60; 95 % CI 1·40, 1·83), obese class I (OR 1·73; 95 % CI 1·43, 2·09) or obese class II (OR 1·44; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·92) at baseline. These findings suggest that a low-fat diet may promote weight gain, whereas a reduced-carbohydrate diet may decrease risk of postmenopausal weight gain.
Is Self-determination Contagious? A Spatial Analysis of the Spread of Self-Determination Claims
Authors: Cunningham Kathleen Gallagher , Sawyer Katherine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelf-determination claims have abounded in the international system since the end of World War II. But these claims have not emerged everywhere. About half of the states in the international system face some challenge related to self-determination today. Why do some states face these demands while others do not? We argue that ethno-national self-determination is one of many identities with which individuals can find affinity. While an international norm related to self-determination has developed globally, its use as a basis for political claims has diffused regionally. Diffusion of self-determination occurs through observation of others using self-determination as a basis of organization, generating a sense of legitimacy, sensitivity to related grievance, and perceptions of tangible benefits related to self-determination identification. We test this empirically on global data on self-determination claims from 1960 to 2005 and find evidence of spatial diffusion, suggesting that self-determination is, to some extent, contagious.
More than just climate: Income inequality and sex ratio are better predictors of cross-cultural variations in aggression
Authors: Krems Jaimie Arona , Varnum Michael E. W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVan Lange et al. argue that variations in climate explain cross-societal variations in violence. We suggest that any approach seeking to understand cross-cultural variation in human behavior via an ecological framework must consider a wider array of ecological variables, and we find that income inequality and sex ratio are better predictors than climate of cross-societal variations in violence.
The role of adolescence in geographic variation in violent aggression
Authors: Marsh Abigail A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn explaining variation in violent aggression across populations, the age structures of those populations must be considered. Adolescents between the ages of 15 and 25 are disproportionately responsible for violent aggression in every society, and increases in violence tend to follow population “youth bulges.” Large numbers of adolescents in equatorial regions may account for observed relationships between geography and violence.
The paradoxical effect of climate on time perspective considering resource accumulation
Authors: Orosz Gábor , Zimbardo Philip G. , Boőthe Beáta , Tóth-Király István 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConsidering purely climate, southern countries are less harsh and more predictable than northern countries. From a historical perspective, freezing winters resulting in fewer available resources contribute to the development of strong future orientation. The paradox is that future orientation contributes to accumulation of resources in the long run, making individuals' immediate living conditions less harsh, leading to slower life strategies.
An alternative interpretation of climate data: Intelligence
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe CLASH model proposed in the target article is plausible but less than parsimonious. I suggest that statistical analysis probably would find slower life history strategy, greater focus on the future, and greater self-control to be highly correlated and perhaps unifactorial, because they are all manifestations of a single underlying variable, namely, intelligence. I suggest how intelligence as a state variable plausibly could explain the differences observed by the authors.
Reply to Van Lange et al.: Proximate and ultimate distinctions must be made to the CLASH model
Authors: Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Hertler Steve C. , Dunkel Curtis S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranscending reviewed proximate theories, Van Lange et al.'s CLASH model attempts to ultimately explain the poleward declension of aggression and violence. Seasonal cold is causal, but, we contend, principally as an ecologically relevant evolutionary pressure. We further argue that futurity and restraint are life history variables, and that Life History Theory evolutionarily explains the biogeography of aggression and violence as strategic adaptation.
The importance of being explicit
Authors: Daly Martin , Krupp D. B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVan Lange et al. propose that climate affects violence via its effects on life history. That much is reasonable (and not novel), but their theory lacks causal specificity. Their foundational claim of an association between heat and violence is not well documented, and several findings that the authors themselves cite seem inconsistent with their model, rather than supportive.
Epidemiological foundations for the insurance hypothesis: Methodological considerations
Authors: Boden Joseph M. , McLeod Geraldine F. H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNettle et al. evaluate evidence for the insurance hypothesis, which links obesity with the perception of food scarcity. Epidemiological findings in this area have generally been weak and inconsistent. The present commentary examines three key methodological issues arising from the literature on the association between obesity and the perception of food scarcity in humans, with suggestions for future epidemiological research.
Glucocorticoids for treating paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a novel use for a common medication
Authors: Aggarwal Manish , Grady Ronald Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLaboratory investigations have shown the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and improvement after anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite these observations, reports on the use of steroids to treat pulmonary hypertension in humans are absent from the literature. In this article, we report the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of two children with pulmonary hypertension, demonstrating its potential utility.
Transcatheter closure of a membranous ventricular septal defect in a 1.8-kg infant using Amplatzer Duct Occluder II additional size device
Authors: Champaneri Bhavik , Kappanayil Mahesh , Kumar Raman K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCatheter closure of membranous ventricular septal defects is generally not considered feasible in small infants. We report the successful closure of a membranous ventricular septal defect in a 1.8-kg infant with bilateral femoral artery occlusion using Amplatzer Duct Occluder II additional size device. The ventricular septal defect was crossed from the right ventricle, and the device was deployed using transthoracic echocardiographic guidance.
Transcatheter correction of Scimitar syndrome: occlusion of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage and vascular supply in an infant
Authors: Saltik Levent , Ugan Atik Sezen , Bornaun Helen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTreatment of Scimitar syndrome is usually surgical; however, if there is “dual drainage” – that is, one to the inferior caval vein and the other to the left atrium – it is possible to successfully treat this anomaly via a less-invasive transcatheter approach. We report a case of Scimitar syndrome in a 21-month-old, male infant successfully treated with transcatheter embolisation.
The Representation of Action
Authors: Ford Anton 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFrom its inception, the philosophy of action has sought to account for action in terms of an associated kind of explanation. The alternative to this approach was noticed, but not adopted, by G.E.M. Anscombe. Anscombe observed that a series of answers to the reason-requesting question ‘Why?’ may be read in reverse order as a series of answers to the question ‘How?’ Unlike answers to the question ‘Why?’, answers to the question ‘How?’ are not explanatory of what they are about: they reveal, not reasons for doing something, but ways of doing something, and they have the form of what Aristotle called a practical syllogism. The alternative to theorizing action in terms of explanation, is, thus, to theorize it in terms calculation. In exploring this alternative, I argue for three main theses: first, that (pace Anscombe) it is not a matter of indifference whether we theorize action in terms of the question ‘Why?’ or in terms of the question ‘How?’; second, that the question ‘Why?’ is a question for an observer of action, whereas the question ‘How?’ is a question for the agent; and finally, that the standpoint of the agent, revealed by the question ‘How?’, is prior to that of an observer, revealed by the question ‘Why?’.
Knowledge How in Philosophy of Action
Authors: Hornsby Jennifer 
Published: May 2017

AbstractI maintain that an account of knowledge how to do something – an account which might be supposed to uncover ‘the nature’ of such knowledge – can't be got by considering what linguists tell us is expressed in ascriptions of knowing how. Attention must be paid to the knowledge that is actually being exercised when someone is doing something. I criticize some claims about ascriptions of knowledge-how which derive from contemporary syntactic and semantic theory. I argue that these claims can no more provide an understanding of what it is to intend to do something than of what it is to know how to do something. Philosophy, not linguistics, must be the source of such understanding.
Forms of Rational Agency
Authors: Lavin Douglas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA measure of good and bad isinternalto something falling under it when that thing falls under the measure in virtue ofwhat it is. The concept of an internal standard has broad application. Compare the external breed standards arbitrarily imposed at a dog show with the internal standards of health at work in the veterinarian's office. This paper is about practical standards, measures of acting well and badly, and so measures deployed in deliberation and choice. More specifically, it is about the attempt to explain the unconditional validity of certain norms (say, of justice and prudence) by showing them to be internal to our agency and the causality it involves. This isconstitutivism. Its most prominent incarnations share a set of assumptions about the nature of agency and our knowledge of it:conceptualism,formalismandabsolutism. This essay investigates the merits and viability of rejectingallof them while still seeking the ground of practical normativity in what we are, in our fundamental activity.
Actions as Prime
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper I am going to argue that we should take actions to be prime. This will involve clarifying what it means to claim that actions are prime. I will consider Williamson's construal of actions as prime in a way that parallels his treatment of knowledge. I will argue that we need to be careful about treating our actions in the way suggested because of an internal relation between the success condition of an action and the action itself; a parallel relation does not hold for most cases of knowledge.
The Doing and the Deed: Action in Normative Ethics
Authors: Sandis Constantine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis essay is motivated by the thought that the things we do are to be distinguished from our acts of doing them. I defend a particular way of drawing this distinction before proceeding to demonstrate its relevance for normative ethics. Central to my argument is the conviction that certain ongoing debates in ethical theory begin to dissolve once we disambiguate the two concepts of action in question. If this is right, then the study of action should be accorded a far more prominent place within moral philosophy than previously supposed. I end by considering an extension of the above to aesthetic evaluation and,mutatis mutandis, that of our lives in general.