bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATH classification: a proposal for patients with HNSCC treated with salvage surgery
Authors: Llansana Albert , Porcuna David Virós , Vasquez Rosselin , Parellada Arnau , Valero Cristina , Holgado Anna , León Xavier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study is to propose a classification for patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with salvage surgery based on the location of the primary tumor and data commonly found in the pathological report of the resection.

Methods
Retrospective study of 665 patients with HNSCC treated with a salvage surgery after a local and/or regional recurrence of the tumor.

Results
We propose a new postoperative classification for patients with recurrent HNSCC treated with salvage surgery. PATH classification stratifies patients into 4 stages based on the glottic or non-glottic location of the primary tumor, the local and regional pathologic extension of the tumor, the status of the surgical margins, and the presence of lymph node metastases with extracapsular spread. The PATH classification was more homogeneous in the prognosis of patients included in each of its stages, and it had a better prognostic discrimination capacity between stages than the rpTNM classification. According to the PATH classification, the 5-year disease-specific survival was: PATH I (n = 306) 82.8%; PATH II (n = 119) 47.1%; PATH III (n = 202) 24.4%; PATH IV (n = 38) 3.7%. For the rpTNM classification, the 5-year disease-specific survival was: stage I (n = 119) 85.1%; stage II (n = 134) 68.4%; stage III (n = 111) 59.5%; stage IV (n = 301) 33.3%.

Conclusion
The PATH classification for HNSCC patients with local and/or regional recurrence treated with salvage surgery had a better prognostic capacity than the rpTNM classification.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Definition and assessment of fever-related discomfort in pediatric literature: a systematic review
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Alberti Ilaria , Bonetti Alessia , Garattini Silvia , Corsello Antonio , Marchisio Paola , Chiappini Elena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGuidelines advocate that the symptomatic management of fever should prioritize alleviating the child's discomfort. We investigated the definition and assessment of discomfort in febrile children within the scientific pediatric literature. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and preregistered on the Prospero database (CRD42023471590). Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched. Studies addressing discomfort in febrile children were eligible. Out of 794 initially identified articles, 27 original studies and seven guidelines specifically used the term ‘discomfort’. Only 14 original articles provided a definition of discomfort, revealing substantial heterogeneity and no clear-cut definition. Discomfort was often assessed subjectively, predominantly through parent or self-report, and only two studies used a scoring system for assessment. The definitions varied widely, with terms such as crying, irritability, shivering and chills, pain and distress, goosebumps commonly used and evaluation of observable modifications such as facial modifications. Overall, no consensus on a single, standardized definition was available. Conclusions: This systematic review shows the absence of a standardized definition and assessment of discomfort in febrile children. The findings of the present analysis might be the basis for building a consensus and developing a new tool to evaluate discomfort.

What is Known:• Discomfort is currently considered the main criterion to guide antipyretic administration in children with fever.• Despite this clear-cut recommendation, it has been questioned whether a commonly accepted understanding and assessment of this condition exists.

What is New:• This systematic review identifies a significant heterogeneity in definitions and assessment of discomfort in children with fever.• Both subjective parameters and observable modifications in physiological parameters should be included in a new and shared characterization of discomfort.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea and colitis: an overview
Authors: Zoghbi Marianne , Burk Kathryn J. , Haroun Elio , Saade Maria , Carreras Maria Teresa Cruz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as an integral component of the management of various cancers and have contributed to significant improvements in overall survival. Most available ICIs target anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA4), and anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD1/PDL1). Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events remain a common complication of ICIs. The predominant manifestations include diarrhea and colitis, which often manifest concurrently as immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC). Risk factors for developing these side effects include baseline gut microbiota, preexisting autoimmune disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and type of neoplasm. The hallmark symptom of colitis is diarrhea which may be accompanied by mucus or blood in stools. Patients may also experience abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and nausea. If not treated rapidly, ICI-induced colitis can lead to serious life-threatening complications. Current management is based on corticosteroids as first-line, and immunosuppressants like infliximab or vedolizumab for refractory cases. Microbiota transplantation and specific cytokines and lymphocyte replication inhibitors are being investigated. Optimal patient care requires maintaining a balance between treatment toxicity and efficacy, hence the aim of this review is to enhance readers’ comprehension of the gastrointestinal adverse events associated with ICIs, particularly IMDC. In addition to identifying the risk factors, we discuss the incidence, clinical presentation, workup, and management options of IMDC.
Optimal testing and social distancing of individuals with private health signals
Authors: Tröger Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn an epidemic, the regulation of social distancing and testing is critical for the large group of individuals who are possibly infected, but have not developed clear, distinct symptoms. Each individual’s reaction to a regulation scheme depends on its private probability assessment of being infected. Assuming no monetary transfers, we identify a simple class of schemes for welfare maximization: all individuals who ask for a test are tested with the same probability, independently of their infection probabilities, and the social distancing regulation depends on who asks for a test. Social distancing has a double role: to provide incentives so that the right people get tested, and to curb the spread of the disease. If testing capacities are scarce it can be optimal to test only a randomly selected fraction of those who ask for a test, and require maximal social distancing precisely for those individuals who ask unsuccessfully. If public costs and benefits are small, laissez faire is optimal.
Impact of Body Mass Index and VO2 Max on Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in a Multinational Sample of People with HIV
Authors: Horvat Davey Christine , Duwadi Deepesh , Phillips J. Craig , Dawson-Rose Carol , Nokes Kathleen M. , Perazzo Joseph , Webel Allison R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders affecting body mass index (BMI), chronic symptoms, and impaired physical function and capacity. Although physical activity improves health and well-being, PWH often do not meet activity recommendations necessary to achieve these benefits. Despite the known impact of symptoms, physical activity, and physical function on health, little is known about the relationships and interactions between these variables and BMI and maximum oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2 max) in a multinational population of PWH. We examined the relationship of BMI with PROMIS-29 measures, physical activity, strength, flexibility, and VO2 max in a diverse sample of PWH. Additionally, we examined the relationship of VO2 max with PROMIS-29 measures. Data from 810 PWH who participated in a cross-sectional study conducted by the International Nursing Network for HIV Research (Study VII) were analyzed. Participants were recruited from 8 sites across the United States, Thailand, and South Africa. BMI was calculated from collected height and weight data. Physical function and symptoms were assessed using the PROMIS-29 measure. Physical activity was assessed using the 7-day Physical Activity Recall. VO2 max was calculated using sex at birth, age, BMI and the 6-minute Walk Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlational, and regression statistical analyses. Participants had an average age of 49.1 (± 11.1) years, 44% were female, and the average BMI of the sample group was 27 kg/m2 (± 6.7). Increased BMI was associated with decreased 6-minute Walk Test (β=-2.18, p < 0.001), flexibility (β=-0.279, p < 0.001), and VO2 max (β=-0.598, p < 0.001), even after controlling for covariates (age, sex at birth, country, years living with HIV, and antiretroviral therapy status). BMI was not associated with self-reported physical activity. Increased VO2 max was associated with increased physical function (β = 0.069, p < 0.001), and decreased pain (β=-0.047, p < 0.006), even after controlling for covariates (country, years living with HIV, and antiretroviral therapy status). Future research should explore development of effective and sustainable symptom self-management interventions in PWH accounting for the potential impact of BMI and VO2 max.
Ameliorated Fick’s law algorithm based multi-threshold medical image segmentation
Authors: Hu Gang , Zhao Feng , Hussien Abdelazim G. , Zhong Jingyu , Houssein Essam H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMedical image segmentation is a critical and demanding step in medical image processing, which provides a solid foundation for subsequent medical image data extraction and analysis. Multi-threshold image segmentation, one of the most commonly used and specialized image segmentation techniques, limits its application to medical images because it requires demanding computational performance and is difficult to produce satisfactory segmentation results. To overcome the above problems, an ameliorated Fick's law algorithm (MsFLA) for multi-threshold image segmentation is developed in this paper. First, an optimized sine–cosine strategy is introduced to extend the molecular diffusion process to alleviate the problem of easily falling into local optima, thus improving the convergence accuracy of the Fick's law algorithm (FLA). Secondly, the introduction of local minimal value avoidance enriches the individual molecular information and enhances the local search ability, thus improving computational accuracy. In addition, the optimal neighborhood learning strategy is added to ensure a more careful and reasonable reliance on the optimal solution, thus reducing the chance of convergence of a local solution. The efficient optimization capability of MsFLA is comprehensively validated by comparing MsFLA with the original FLA and other algorithms in 23 classical benchmark functions. Finally, MsFLA is applied to image segmentation of grayscale images of COVID-19 and brain and color images of Lung and Colon cancer histopathology by using Cross entropy to validate its segmentation capability. The experimental results show that the MsFLA obtains the best segmentation results in three medical image cases compared to other comparison algorithms, which indicates that MsFLA can effectively solve the multi-threshold medical image segmentation problem.
Graphical abstract
Prototype-based learning for real estate valuation: a machine learning model that explains prices
Authors: Rodriguez-Serrano Jose A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe systematic prediction of real estate prices is a foundational block in the operations of many firms and has individual, societal and policy implications. In the past, a vast amount of works have used common statistical models such as ordinary least squares or machine learning approaches. While these approaches yield good predictive accuracy, most models work very differently from the human intuition in understanding real estate prices. Usually, humans apply a criterion known as “direct comparison”, whereby the property to be valued is explicitly compared with similar properties. This trait is frequently ignored when applying machine learning to real estate valuation. In this article, we propose a model based on a methodology called prototype-based learning, that to our knowledge has never been applied to real estate valuation. The model has four crucial characteristics: (a) it is able to capture non-linear relations between price and the input variables, (b) it is a parametric model able to optimize any loss function of interest, (c) it has some degree of explainability, and, more importantly, (d) it encodes the notion of direct comparison. None of the past approaches for real estate prediction comply with these four characteristics simultaneously. The experimental validation indicates that, in terms of predictive accuracy, the proposed model is better or on par to other machine learning based approaches. An interesting advantage of this method is the ability to summarize a dataset of real estate prices into a few “prototypes”, a set of the most representative properties.
New standard area diagram set for assessing black sigatoka in bananas
Authors: Pinzón-Núñez Andrés Mauricio , Feria-Gómez Diego Felipe , Pérez-Ochoa Gloria Marcela , Arango-Palacio Laura , Rey-Valenzuela Vicente Emilio , Hoyos-Carvajal Lilliana , Zapata-Henao Sebastián 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBlack sigatoka, or black leaf streak (BLS), is caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis and is the most important foliar disease in Musa production. Our goal was to develop a new standard area diagram set (SADs) with high-resolution digital images to aid in visual classification using a quantitative ordinal scale representing six disease severity ranges: 0 (0%), 1 (0 – 5%], 2 (5 – 13%], 3 (13 – 23%], 4 (23 – 40%], 5 (40 – 65%] and 6 (65—100%] and compare visual estimates of BLS severity on banana leaves with those using a previously developed ordinal scale. Three evaluations were conducted by thirteen evaluators and each evaluation was performed at seven-day intervals. The first assessment was done without a SADs. Evaluators subsequently performed two assessments with each the old ordinal scale and the novel SADs. Using the new SADs, evaluators precision, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and residual distributions were improved. The proposed SADs is a tool that helps users in more accurately estimating the severity of BLS.
Model order reduction for the input–output behavior of a geothermal energy storage
Authors: Takam Paul Honore , Wunderlich Ralf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we consider a geothermal energy storage system in which the spatio-temporal temperature distribution is modeled by a heat equation with a time-dependent convection term. Such storage systems are often embedded in residential heating systems. The control and management of such systems requires knowledge of aggregated characteristics of the temperature distribution in the storage. These describe the input–output behavior of the storage, the associated energy flows, and their response to charging and discharging processes. Our aim is to derive an efficient, approximate description of these characteristics by using low-dimensional systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This leads to a model order reduction problem for a large-scale linear system of ODEs resulting from the semidiscretization of the heat equation combined with a linear algebraic output equation. In a first step, we approximated the nonautonomous system of ODEs by a linear time-invariant system. Then, we applied Lyapunov balanced truncation model order reduction to approximate the output by a reduced-order system that has only a few state equations but almost the same input–output behavior. The results of our extensive numerical experiments show the efficiency of the applied model order reduction method. We found that only a few suitably chosen ODEs are sufficient to achieve good approximations of the input–output behavior of the storage.
Between Rock and a Hard Place: Internal and External Psychological Control and Preschoolers’ Social-Emotional Adjustment
Authors: Guldeste Gulsen , Van der Kaap-Deeder Jolene , Mouratidis Athanasios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough parental psychological control has been found to be detrimental to children’s psychological functioning, less is known about the role of internal and external maternal and paternal psychological control in preschoolers’ socio-emotional development. In this cross-sectional, multi-informant study, we rely on the self-determination theory to examine the relations between internal (i.e., guilt induction) and external (i.e., constraining verbal expressions and erratic emotional behavior) mother-reported and father-reported psychological control and preschoolers’ (N = 136; 51.5% males; Mage = 5.53, SD = 0.66 years) externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social competence, as reported by their teachers. Regression analyses revealed unique relations between internal and external psychological control and preschoolers’ social-emotional adjustment. While external psychological control related negatively to preschoolers’ social competence and positively to anger-aggression, internal psychological control emerged as the unique predictor of anxiety-withdrawal. Importantly, the results indicated that these findings were consistent for both mothers and fathers. Our findings suggest that parental internal and external psychological control differentially relate to children’s socio-emotional adjustment in early childhood.
Mathematics teacher educators’ documents, praxeologies, and beliefs: a holistic model
Authors: Pocalana Gabriella , Robutti Ornella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe research presented in this paper aims to shed light on the complex role of mathematics teacher educators who led courses for prospective mathematics teachers. Theoretically, the research combines the documentational approach to didactics and the meta-didactical transposition frameworks, complementing the study with the analysis of the teacher educators’ beliefs about the prospective teachers’ needs. The methodology entails a comparative case study related to two courses, taking place in quite different contexts, led by the two authors independently, and a collaborative self-study of teacher education approach, based on eight reciprocal semi-structured interviews between the authors. The result is a holistic model of mathematics teacher educators’ work that takes into account their practices, including the design of teaching materials based on a variety of resources, justifying discourses and personal beliefs. This can deepen our insight into the expertise of mathematics teacher educators and, prospectively, can be fruitful for their professional development.
Mothers’ Views About Children’s Engagement in Domestic Violence Research
Authors: Mackey P. , Plath D. , Joosten A. , Moore T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The voices of children remain overshadowed and marginalized in domestic violence research. Mothers with experiences of domestic violence are central to enabling children’s participation, but few studies focus on their views and perceptions about conducting this research with children. This article addresses this research gap and presents qualitative research undertaken in Australia with mothers on their views about children’s engagement in domestic violence research.

Methods
Eleven mothers participated in semi-structured interviews. The domestic violence service sector assisted in recruitment by approaching mothers living in a place of safety. Constructivist grounded theory along with interdisciplinary research, which drew on professional perspectives from social work and occupational therapy, underpinned the methodological approach and data was analyzed through a process of thematic network analysis.

Results
While not against children’s involvement in domestic violence research in principle, mothers reported concerns about whether researchers could safely engage children. The possible adverse consequences from children’s participation meant they were extremely reluctant to provide consent. Mothers expressed anxiety about the potential safety ramifications for children and mothers, particularly if the perpetrator found out about their involvement in research.

Conclusions
To best enable research, mothers said they needed assurance that the highest level of safeguarding existed, addressing physical safety considerations and emotional, psychological, and cultural safety. Demonstrating that research is trauma-safe, child-friendly, and in the child’s interests is important for gaining mothers’ consent.
Beyond Income: Exploring the Role of Household Wealth for Subjective Well-Being in Germany
Authors: Jantsch Antje , Le Blanc Julia , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn individual's financial situation positively impacts her subjective well-being (SWB) according to the literature. However, most existing studies focus solely on income, neglecting other aspects of an individual's financial situation such as wealth. In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between SWB, income, household wealth, and its components. Additionally, we explore the significance of one's wealth relative to others' for SWB. Our contribution expands the limited literature on absolute and relative wealth and SWB by utilizing unique microdata from a German wealth survey, the German Panel on Household Finances (PHF). Our findings indicate that both assets and debts, alongside income, are associated with an individual's SWB. In particular, a similar relative increase in financial assets is associated with a greater increase in SWB than the same percentage increase in real assets, and SWB decreases as the level of unsecured debt increases. Furthermore, individuals tend to experience decreased SWB when comparing themselves to others with more assets or less debt. Interestingly, we observe divergent effects of relative wealth on SWB among younger and older individuals. These results underscore the significance of considering wealth, in addition to income, when analyzing determinants of SWB.