bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of the septohippocampal cholinergic fiber system in experimental epilepsy
Authors: Soares Joana I. , Valente Maria C. , Andrade Pedro A. , Maia Gisela H. , Lukoyanov Nikolai V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe septohippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission has long been implicated in seizures, but little is known about the structural features of this projection system in epileptic brain. We evaluated the effects of experimental epilepsy on the areal density of cholinergic terminals (fiber varicosities) in the dentate gyrus. For this purpose, we used two distinct post‐status epilepticus rat models, in which epilepsy was induced with injections of either kainic acid or pilocarpine. To visualize the cholinergic fibers, we used brain sections immunostained for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. It was found that the density of cholinergic fiber varicosities was higher in epileptic rats versus control rats in the inner and outer zones of the dentate molecular layer, but it was reduced in the dentate hilus. We further evaluated the effects of kainate treatment on the total number, density, and soma volume of septal cholinergic cells, which were visualized in brain sections stained for either vesicular acetylcholine transporter or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Both the number of septal cells with cholinergic phenotype and their density were increased in epileptic rats when compared to control rats. The septal cells stained for vesicular acetylcholine transporter, but not for ChAT, have enlarged perikarya in epileptic rats. These results revealed previously unknown details of structural reorganization of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in experimental epilepsy, involving fiber sprouting into the dentate molecular layer and a parallel fiber retraction from the dentate hilus. We hypothesize that epilepsy‐related neuroplasticity of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons is capable of increasing neuronal excitability of the dentate gyrus.
8‐Aza‐2′‐deoxyisoguanosine Forms Fluorescent Hydrogels whereas 8‐Aza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine Assembles into Nucleoside Nanotubes
Authors: Zhao Hang , Jiang Dawei , Schäfer Andreas H. , Seela Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFluorescent hydrogels have attracted attention for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery or as molecular machines. This study describes a nucleoside hydrogel formed by 8‐aza‐2′‐deoxyisoguanosine (z8isoGd). The new hydrogel is the first guanosine gel that has intrinsic fluorescence. It has long‐term stability and a higher thermal stability (Tgel=77 °C) than gels of 2′‐deoxyisoguanosine (Tgel=67 °C) and 2′‐deoxyguanosine (Tgel=50 °C). Furthermore, the minimum gel concentration is lower at 0.3 mg per 100 μL for z8isoGd compared to 0.7 mg for 2′‐deoxyisoguanosine. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the z8isoGd gel forms dense bundles of fibers. The related nucleoside 8‐aza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine does not form a hydrogel but forms nanotube‐like structures in the solid state. The fluorescence of the z8isoGd hydrogel responds to external stimuli such as the addition of alkali metal ions, pH change, heat, and UV irradiation. In binary mixtures with nucleoside shape mimics such as 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyisoguanosine, the z8isoGd hydrogel disintegrates.
Polycyclization Enabled by Relay Catalysis: One‐Pot Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Allylation and Silver‐Catalyzed Povarov Reaction
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yong , Li Qingjiang , Liu Xu‐Ge , Wu Jia‐Qiang , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Wang Honggen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, a MnI/AgI‐based relay catalysis process is described for the one‐pot synthesis of polycyclic products by a formal [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reaction cascade. A manganese(I) complex catalyzed the first example of directed C−H allylation with allenes, setting the stage for an in situ Povarov cyclization catalyzed by silver(I). The reaction proceeds with high bond‐forming efficiency (three C−C bonds), broad substrate scope, high regio‐ and stereoselectivity, and 100 % atom economy.
Flow morphometry to assess the red blood cell storage lesion
Authors: Sierra F. Diego A. , Melzak Kathryn A. , Janetzko Karin , Klüter Harald , Suhr Hajo , Bieback Karen , Wiedemann Philipp 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a novel automated system for morphology analysis of red blood cells (RBC) under flow. RBC concentrates collected by blood banks for transfusions are stored for periods of up to several weeks, during which time a number of changes occur, collectively termed the storage lesion. Typically the extent of hemolysis is the defining criterion to determine the acceptability of the RBCs for transfusions. Morphological changes are related with biochemical alteration during the storage of RBCs. The typical blood smear procedure for determining such changes is a labor‐intensive and potentially biased manual process. The advantage of the flow morphometry system presented here is that it provides fully automated morphological classification of RBCs with large sample numbers in a short time. Our system uses a commercially available flow cell and flow conditions that prevent adhesion of RBCs, thus eliminating the need for blocking agents such as albumin that affect the distribution of cell shapes. Our morphometry results are validated by comparison with standard biochemical assays (hemolysis, ATP) for blood from 17 donors stored under blood bank conditions for 13 weeks. We show that the percentage of spherocytes present can be used to estimate the status of RBC concentrates. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Small mammal activity alters plant community composition and microbial activity in an old‐field ecosystem
Authors: Moorhead Leigh C. , Souza Lara , Habeck Christopher W. , Lindroth Richard L. , Classen Aimée T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHerbivores modify their environment by consuming plant biomass and redistributing materials across the landscape. While small mammalian herbivores, such as rodents, are typically inconspicuous, their impacts on plant community structure and chemistry can be large. We used a small mammal exclosure experiment to explore whether rodents in a southeastern old field directly altered the aboveground plant species composition and chemistry, and indirectly altered the belowground soil community composition and activity. In general, when rodents were excluded, C3graminoids increased in cover and biomass, contributing toward a shift in plant species composition relative to plots where rodents were present. The plant community chemistry also shifted; plant fiber concentration and carbon : nitrogen were higher, whereas plant nitrogen concentration was lower in exclosure plots relative to access plots. While microbial community enzyme activity increased when rodents were excluded, no significant changes in the fungal : bacterial or potential nitrogen mineralization occurred between treatments. Our results show that rodents can rapidly influence aboveground plant community composition and chemistry, but their influence on belowground processes may require plant inputs to the soil to accumulate over longer periods of time.
The application of Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify individual diet specialization
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Rosenblatt Adam E. , Novak Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntraspecific variation in ecologically relevant traits is widespread. In generalist predators in particular, individual diet specialization is likely to have important consequences for food webs. Understanding individual diet specialization empirically requires the ability to quantify individual diet preferences accurately. Here we compare the currently used frequentist maximum likelihood approach, which infers individual preferences using the observed prey proportions to Bayesian hierarchical models that instead estimate these proportions. Using simulated and empirical data, we find that the approach of using observed prey proportions consistently overestimates diet specialization relative to the Bayesian hierarchical approach when the number of prey observations per individual is low or the number of prey observations vary among individuals, two common features of empirical data. Furthermore, the Bayesian hierarchical approach permits the estimation of point estimates for both prey proportions and their variability within and among levels of organization (i.e., individuals, experimental treatments, populations), while also characterizing the uncertainty of these estimates in ways inaccessible to frequentist methods. The Bayesian hierarchical approach provides a useful framework for improving the quantification and understanding of intraspecific variation in diet specialization studies.
Modalities and Effects of Left Ventricle Unloading on Extracorporeal Life support: a Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Meani Paolo , Gelsomino Sandro , Natour Eshan , Johnson Daniel M , Rocca Hans‐Peter Brunner La , Pappalardo Federico , Bidar Elham , Makhoul Maged , Raffa Giuseppe , Heuts Samuel , Lozekoot Pieter , Kats Suzanne , Sluijpers Niels , Schreurs Rick , Delnoij Thijs , Montalti Alice , Sels Jan Willem , van de Poll Marcel , Roekaerts Paul , Poels Thomas , Korver Eric , Babar Zaheer , Maessen Jos , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction/AimVeno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) support is increasingly used in refractory cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, but is characterized by a rise in afterload of the left ventricle (LV) which may ultimately either further impair or delay cardiac contractility improvement. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the different LV venting techniques and results currently available in the literature.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database: 207 articles published between 1993 and 2016 were included. Papers dealing with pre‐clinical studies, overlapping series, and association with other assist devices were excluded from the review, with 45 published papers finally selected. Heterogeneous indications for LV unloading were reported. The selected literature was divided into subgroups, according to the location or the performed procedure for LV venting.ResultsCase reports or case series accounted for 60% of the papers, while retrospective study represented 29% of them. Adult series were present in 67%, paediatric patients in 29%, and a mixed population in 4%. LV unloading was performed percutaneously in 84% of the cases. The most common locations of unloading was the left atrium (31%), followed by indirect unloading (intra‐aortic balloon pump) (27%), trans‐aortic (27%), LV (11%), and pulmonary artery (4%). Percutaneous trans‐septal approach was reported in 22%. Finally, the unloading was conducted surgically in 16%,with open chest surgery in 71%, and minimally invasive surgery in 29% of surgical cases.ConclusionNowadays, only a few data are available about left heart unloading in V‐A ECMO support. Despite the well‐known controversy, IABP remains widely used in combination with V‐A ECMO. Percutaneous approaches utilizing unloading devices is becoming an increasingly used option. However, further studies are required to establish the optimal LV unloading method.
What is new in pediatric ECMO? 2016, a year in review
Authors: Roeleveld P.P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith the increasing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children come increasing publications concerning pediatric ECMO. In 2016 important work was done in identifying modifiable risk‐factors and possible predictors of mortality in cardiac and respiratory ECMO and risk‐estimation scores have been developed for respiratory ECMO patients. Also, increasing important experience is published in the areas of neurodevelopmental follow‐up of ECMO survivors. The most relevant publications of 2016 are summarized in this review.
SIMONI (Smart Integrated Monitoring) as a novel bioanalytical strategy for water quality assessment: Part II–field feasibility survey
Authors: van der Oost Ron , Sileno Giulia , Janse Theo , Nguyen Mai Thao , Besselink Harrie , Brouwer Abraham 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Because it is impossible to chemically analyze all relevant micropollutants, the implementation of bioanalytical tools is essential to estimate ecological risks of chemical mixtures in regular water-monitoring programs. The first tier of the Smart Integrated Monitoring (SIMONI) strategy, which was described in part I, is based on the combination of passive sampling and bioanalytical measurements. Bioassay responses are compared with effect-based trigger values (EBT), and an overall SIMONI score on all bioassay data was designed to indicate environmental risks. The present study is focused on analyzing the feasibility of the hazard identification tier by evaluating results of 45 field campaigns at sites with different pollution profiles near the city of Amsterdam. A Daphnia assay was performed in situ, while silicon rubber or polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) extracts were tested with 4 nonspecific (daphnids, algae, bacteria, and cell culture) and 10 specific (9 Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression [CALUX] assays and antibiotics scan) bioassays. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the relevance of 2 classification variables in the SIMONI score formula on all bioanalytical data. The model indicated increased risks for the ecosystem at surface waters in greenhouse areas and undiluted wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The choice of testing specific bioassays on either polar or nonpolar passive sampling extracts is cost-effective and still provided meaningful insights on micropollutant risks. Statistical analyses revealed that the model provides a relevant overall impact assessment based on bioassay responses. Data analyses on the chemically determined mixture toxic pressure and bioanalytical methods provided similar insights in relative risk ranking of water bodies. The SIMONI combination of passive sampling and bioanalytical testing appears to be a feasible strategy to identify chemical hazards. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2400–2416. © 2017 SETAC
MRI‐guided breast interventions
Authors: McGrath Anika L. , Price Elissa R. , Eby Peter R. , Rahbar Habib 
Published: May 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided interventions, including biopsies and wire localizations, are fundamental to any breast imaging practice due to the high sensitivity but limited specificity of breast MRI. The basic steps of MRI‐guided biopsies are similar regardless of the vendor or platform, and technical considerations include approach planning, patient preparation and positioning, lesion targeting, and directional sampling using a vacuum‐assisted biopsy technique. Unique challenges related to MRI‐guided biopsies include vanishing lesions due to contrast washout, obscuration of the biopsy site due to susceptibility artifacts, and limited access to posteromedial lesions. A careful approach to planning, patient positioning, and lesion targeting will maximize the chances for a successful biopsy. Due to overlapping imaging features between benign and malignant lesions, radiologic‐pathologic concordance is difficult and essential for further patient management.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:631–645
MRI and biomechanics multidimensional data analysis reveals R2‐R1ρ as an early predictor of cartilage lesion progression in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Pedoia Valentina , Haefeli Jenny , Morioka Kazuhito , Teng Hsiang‐Ling , Nardo Lorenzo , Souza Richard B. , Ferguson Adam R. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo couple quantitative compositional MRI, gait analysis, and machine learning multidimensional data analysis to study osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a multifactorial disorder accompanied by biochemical and morphological changes in the articular cartilage, modulated by skeletal biomechanics and gait. While we can now acquire detailed information about the knee joint structure and function, we are not yet able to leverage the multifactorial factors for diagnosis and disease management of knee OA.Materials and MethodsWe mapped 178 subjects in a multidimensional space integrating: demographic, clinical information, gait kinematics and kinetics, cartilage compositional T1ρ and T2 and R2‐R1ρ (1/T2–1/T1ρ) acquired at 3T and whole‐organ magnetic resonance imaging score morphological grading. Topological data analysis (TDA) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were adopted for data integration, analysis, and hypothesis generation. Regression models were used for hypothesis testing.ResultsThe results of the TDA showed a network composed of three main patient subpopulations, thus potentially identifying new phenotypes. T2 and T1ρ values (T2 lateral femur P = 1.45*10‐8, T1ρ medial tibia P = 1.05*10‐5), the presence of femoral cartilage defects (P = 0.0013), lesions in the meniscus body (P = 0.0035), and race (P = 2.44*10‐4) were key markers in the subpopulation classification. Within one of the subpopulations we observed an association between the composite metric R2‐R1ρ and the longitudinal progression of cartilage lesions.ConclusionThe analysis presented demonstrates some of the complex multitissue biochemical and biomechanical interactions that define joint degeneration and OA using a multidimensional approach, and potentially indicates that R2‐R1ρ may be an imaging biomarker for early OA.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:78–90.
Rotator cuff muscle degeneration and tear severity related to myogenic, adipogenic, and atrophy genes in human muscle
Authors: Shah Shivam A. , Kormpakis Ioannis , Cavinatto Leonardo , Killian Megan L. , Thomopoulos Stavros , Galatz Leesa M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTLarge rotator cuff tear size and advanced muscle degeneration can affect reparability of tears and compromise tendon healing. Clinicians often rely on direct measures of rotator cuff tear size and muscle degeneration from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether the rotator cuff tear is repairable. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between gene expression changes in rotator cuff muscle degeneration to standard data available to clinicians. Radiographic assessment of preoperative rotator cuff tear severity was completed for 25 patients with varying magnitudes of rotator cuff tears. Tear width and retraction were measured using MRI, and Goutallier grade, tangent (tan) sign, and Thomazeau grade were determined. Expression of myogenic‐, adipogenic‐, atrophy‐, and metabolism‐related genes in biopsied muscles were correlated with tear width, tear retraction, Goutallier grade, tan sign, and Thomazeau grade. Tear width positively correlated with Goutallier grade in both the supraspinatus (r = 0.73) and infraspinatus (r = 0.77), along with tan sign (r = 0.71) and Thomazeau grade (r = 0.68). Decreased myogenesis (Myf5), increased adipogenesis (CEBPα, Lep, Wnt10b), and decreased metabolism (PPARα) correlated with radiographic assessments. Gene expression changes suggest that rotator cuff tears lead to a dramatic molecular response in an attempt to maintain normal muscle tissue, increase adipogenesis, and decrease metabolism. Fat accumulation and muscle atrophy appear to stem from endogenous changes rather than from changes mediated by infiltrating cells. Results suggest that chronic unloading of muscle, induced by rotator cuff tear, disrupts muscle homeostasis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2808–2814, 2017.
Orientation changes in the cruciate ligaments of the knee during skeletal growth: A porcine model
Authors: Cone Stephanie G. , Simpson Sean G. , Piedrahita Jorge A. , Fordham Lynn A. , Spang Jeffrey T. , Fisher Matthew B. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal injuries in pediatric patients are on the rise, including significant increases in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Previous studies have found major anatomical changes during skeletal growth in the soft tissues of the knee. Specifically, the ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) change in their relative orientation to the tibial plateau throughout growth. In order to develop age‐specific treatments for ACL injuries, the purpose of this study was to characterize orientation changes in the cruciate ligaments of the Yorkshire pig, a common pre‐clinical model, during skeletal growth in order to verify the applicability of this model for pediatric musculoskeletal studies. Hind limbs were isolated from female Yorkshire pigs ranging in age from newborn to late adolescence and were then imaged using high field strength magnetic resonance imaging. Orientation changes were quantified from the magnetic resonance images using image segmentation software. Statistically significant increases were found in the coronal and sagittal angles of the ACL relative to the tibial plateau during pre‐adolescent growth. Additional changes were observed in the PCL angle, Blumensaat angle, intercondylar roof angle, and the aspect ratio of the intercondylar notch. Only the sagittal angle of the ACL relative to the tibial plateau experienced statistically significant changes through late adolescence. The age‐dependent properties of the ACL and PCL in the female pig mirrored results found in female human patients, suggesting that the porcine model may provide a pre‐clinical platform to study the cruciate ligaments during skeletal growth. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2725–2732, 2017.
Predictors of multidimensional functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Cooper Nicholas A. , Rakel Barbara A. , Zimmerman Bridget , Tonelli Shalome M. , Herr Keela A. , Clark Charles R. , Noiseux Nicolas O. , Callaghan John J. , Sluka Kathleen A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMultiple assessments are used clinically after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) including self‐report, performance tasks, and physical activity levels. It is unclear if these different functional assessments are interchangeable or if they measure different constructs. The objective of this study was to characterize different functional measures before and after TKA. We characterized function before and after TKA using perceived function (KOOS ADL), physical performance (gait speed), and daily activity (steps/day via accelerometry); compared function in people undergoing TKA to age‐matched healthy controls; and examined characteristics of those undergoing TKA for potential predictors of postoperative function. Prior to TKA, all three functional assessments were significantly lower for participants than those of healthy controls and each measure remained lower for participants than for controls postoperatively. All three functional assessments developed differently over time postoperatively. Each functional outcome had a unique set of predictors. Perceived function was predicted primarily by anxiety and depression, physical performance was most strongly predicted by age, and daily activity was chiefly predicted by BMI. Pressure pain threshold was a common predictor across all models. Functional limitations exist preoperatively and persist postoperatively across different measures in people undergoing TKA when compared to those measures in healthy controls. Functional outcomes after TKA are different depending on the functional measure utilized, implying that different constructs underlie each measure. Multiple functional measures should be assessed to provide a more comprehensive assessment of function after TKA. Further work should assess the impact of interventions designed to treat modifiable predictors of postoperative TKA function. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2790–2798, 2017.