bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lineage tracing of Shh+ floor plate cells and dynamics of dorsal–ventral gene expression in the regenerating axolotl spinal cord
Authors: Arbanas Laura I. , Cura Costa Emanuel , Chara Osvaldo , Otsuki Leo , Tanaka Elly M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBoth development and regeneration depend on signaling centers, which are sources of locally secreted tissue‐patterning molecules. As many signaling centers are decommissioned before the end of embryogenesis, a fundamental question is how signaling centers can be re‐induced later in life to promote regeneration after injury. Here, we use the axolotl salamander model (Ambystoma mexicanum) to address how the floor plate is assembled for spinal cord regeneration. The floor plate is an archetypal vertebrate signaling center that secretes Shh ligand and patterns neural progenitor cells during embryogenesis. Unlike mammals, axolotls continue to express floor plate genes (including Shh) and downstream dorsal–ventral patterning genes in their spinal cord throughout life, including at steady state. The parsimonious hypothesis that Shh+ cells give rise to functional floor plate cells for regeneration had not been tested. Using HCR in situ hybridization and mathematical modeling, we first quantified the behaviors of dorsal–ventral spinal cord domains, identifying significant increases in gene expression level and floor plate size during regeneration. Next, we established a transgenic axolotl to specifically label and fate map Shh+ cells in vivo. We found that labeled Shh+ cells gave rise to regeneration floor plate, and not to other neural progenitor domains, after tail amputation. Thus, despite changes in domain size and downstream patterning gene expression, Shh+ cells retain their floor plate identity during regeneration, acting as a stable cellular source for this regeneration signaling center in the axolotl spinal cord.
Impact of Non‐Valvular Atrial Fibrillation on Mitral Valve Anatomic Features: A Study of Three‐Dimensional Mitral Valve by Transesophageal Echocardiography and Automatic Analysis Software
Authors: Chang Shuai , Zeng Decai , Zhang Xiaofeng , Huang Liuliu , Cai Yongzhi , Huang Tongtong , Zhong Yanfen , Wu Ji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground/AimMitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently observed in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients and is a significant risk factor for its progression. This study aims to investigate the three‐dimensional anatomical characteristics of the mitral valve (MV) in patients with different types of NVAF to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of MR.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients (PAF group) and 66 persistent atrial fibrillation patients (PerAF group) who underwent real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT 3D‐TEE) before initial ablation. Additionally, 30 patients undergoing RT 3D‐TEE for the assessment of patent foramen ovale were selected as the control group. Basic echocardiographic variables were measured, left atrioventricular volume and strain parameters were calculated using automated software (Dynamic‐HeartModel and AutoStrain). MV anatomic features were analyzed using the 4D‐MV Assessment software (TomTec Imaging Systems).ResultsThe maximum left atrial volume (LAVmax) was highest in the PerAF group, followed by the PAF and control groups, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) showed an opposite trend, being the lowest in the PerAF group (p < 0.01). The proportion of moderate to severe MR was significantly higher in the PerAF group (27.3%) compared to the PAF group (11.0%) (p < 0.01). Compared to controls, the AF groups exhibited mitral annular (MA) dilation, flattening of the MA plane, and increased leaflet area (all p < 0.05). Correlation analysis between effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and left atrioventricular structure and function parameters, as well as various annular parameters, showed that EROA was significantly correlated with left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), LAVmax, LASr, anterior and posterior diameter, annular area, ratio of annular height to commissural diameter (AH/CD ratio), posterior leaflet area, posterior leaflet length, and the C‐shaped annulus length (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsSignificant remodeling of the MV apparatus occurs in NVAF patients, with more pronounced changes in PerAF patients, contributing to a higher incidence of moderate to severe MR. RT 3D‐TEE‐based MV automated assessment offers significant advantages in accurately diagnosing MV remodeling and supporting the evaluation of MR in NVAF patients.
Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A meta‐analysis of eight studies
Authors: Spataro Federico , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Di Girolamo Attilio , Vacca Angelo , Ria Roberto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by multisystemic inflammation, with eosinophils playing a central role in its pathogenesis. Traditional management relies heavily on corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, which are associated with significant side effects. The emergence of biologic agents, such as benralizumab, offers targeted therapeutic options by inhibiting the interleukin‐5 receptor α, thereby reducing eosinophilic inflammation.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of benralizumab in EGPA patients, focusing on its ability to reduce oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, facilitate remission and spare immunosuppressants. We searched MEDLINE, LILACS and ISI Web of Science databases for relevant studies up to July 2024.ResultsEight studies, including both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, were included in the meta‐analysis, involving a total of 396 EGPA patients. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in OCS dose, with an overall estimated effect of −8.25 mg/day (95% CI, −9.39 to −7.10). Complete remission was achieved in 56.8% of patients, and immunosuppressants were reduced or discontinued in 28.1% of cases. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 21.9% of patients, with only one discontinuation due to an AE.ConclusionThese findings provide robust evidence supporting the use of benralizumab as an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for EGPA, significantly reducing OCS requirements and offering promising remission rates. Future research should focus on larger, multicentre RCTs to confirm these findings and further elucidate the long‐term benefits and safety profile of benralizumab in EGPA.
The failed promise of freedom—Emancipation and wealth inequality in the Caribbean
Authors: Theodoridis Dimitrios , Rönnbäck Klas , Galli Stefania 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWas there any redistribution of resources in the Caribbean societies after emancipation from slavery? What were formerly enslaved persons’ prospects to improve their socio‐economic status like after emancipation? To shed some light on these questions, this paper provides unique empirical evidence on patterns of wealth inequality before and after emancipation for the island of St. Croix, a typical slavery‐based sugar island in the Caribbean. Our findings suggest that there was no decrease in inequality following the institutional break of emancipation. A key explanation, we argue, rests on factor endowments and more specifically on the restrictive land–labour ratios that prevailed on several Caribbean islands such as St. Croix. Due to these factor endowments, formerly enslaved persons remained unable to accumulate any substantial amounts of wealth for decades after emancipation.
Demystifying Adequate Growth Percentiles
Authors: Castellano Katherine E. , McCaffrey Daniel F. , Martineau Joseph A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGrowth‐to‐standard models evaluate student growth against the growth needed to reach a future standard or target of interest, such as proficiency. A common growth‐to‐standard model involves comparing the popular Student Growth Percentile (SGP) to Adequate Growth Percentiles (AGPs). AGPs follow from an involved process based on fitting a series of nonlinear quantile regression models to longitudinal student test score data. This paper demystifies AGPs by deriving them in the more familiar linear regression framework. It further shows that unlike SGPs, AGPs and on‐track classifications based on AGPs are strongly related to status. Lastly, AGPs are evaluated in terms of their classification accuracy. An empirical study and analytic derivations reveal AGPs can be problematic indicators of students’ future performance with previously not proficient students being more likely incorrectly flagged as not on‐track and previously proficient students as on track. These classification errors have equity implications at the individual and school levels.
Buying knowledge‐intensive business services: Overarching themes, actor relationships, and future research agenda
Authors: Schlee Dominik , Foerstl Kai , Gutmann Tobias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKnowledge‐intensive business services (KIBS) provide industry‐changing inputs to the business processes of other organizations that face complex tendering procedures. Service triads emerge as a response to resource and capability constraints due to high procedure benchmarks. Despite calls, research remains fragmented. Recent challenges driven by a pandemic and conflicts call for a systematic literature review that coherently integrates and describes the body of knowledge on sourcing KIBS triads. Employing the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol to systematically review 205 articles, we integrate and describe key areas such as sourcing strategies, service delivery, ante‐contract considerations, and overarching relationship dynamics. We highlight future research avenues toward bridging domain linkages including the development of an integrated model and the exploration of environmental uncertainties and individual behaviors in the sourcing of KIBS triads.
Autonomic nervous system education in Europe: EAN/EFAS/INUS survey on curricula and skills in autonomic medicine of European neurology residents and consultants
Authors: Reis‐Carneiro Diogo , Skoric Magdalena Krbot , Habek Mario , Adamec Ivan , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Cortelli Pietro , van Dijk J. Gert , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Guaraldi Pietro , Hilz Max J. , Iodice Valeria , Jordan Jens , Rocha Isabel , Struhal Walter , Terkelsen Astrid Juhl , Thijs Roland , Tijero Beatriz , Berger Thomas , Rektorova Irena , Moro Elena , Traon Anne Pavy‐Le , Wenning Gregor , Panicker Jalesh N. , Fanciulli Alessandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCenters for training in autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders are not widely available and the recent coronavirus 2019 pandemic temporarily reduced training opportunities in autonomic medicine across European countries. Here we evaluated the current state of education, clinical skills and postgraduate educational preferences on ANS disorders of European neurology residents and consultants.MethodsA 23‐item questionnaire was developed and distributed online amongst European neurology residents and consultants via mailing lists of the European Academy of Neurology. The questions assessed demographics, current training opportunities and learning preferences in ANS disorders. Six multiple‐choice questions were used to self‐evaluate knowledge of ANS disorders.ResultsIn all, 285 individuals answered the survey (60% female, mostly 25–34 years of age). All respondents considered clinical autonomic skills necessary for good clinical neurological practice, and 92% would like to increase their ANS knowledge. Female respondents and those who trained in Southern/Eastern/Greater Europe more frequently judged ANS skills important for clinical practice than male respondents (p = 0.012) and respondents from Northern/Western Europe (p = 0.011). Female and younger respondents felt less confident in managing ANS disorders (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Respondents below 45 years of age (p < 0.001) and those with lower confidence in managing ANS disorders (p = 0.004) were more likely to recommend that ANS education is embedded in the residency curriculum.ConclusionsMost European neurology residents and consultants reported a need for more autonomic education, with additional gender, age and regional differences. These findings underscore the importance of increasing the educational content on autonomic medicine in European medical and postgraduate curricula.
Unraveling the Complexity of the Ne/Nc Ratio for Conservation of Large and Widespread Pelagic Fish Species: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Delord Chrystelle , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Leone Agostino , Rolland Jonathan , Nikolic Natacha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEstimating and understanding the ratio between effective population size (Ne) and census population size (Nc) are pivotal in the conservation of large marine pelagic fish species, including bony fish such as tunas and cartilaginous fish such as sharks, given the challenges associated with obtaining accurate estimates of their abundance. The difficulties inherent in capturing and monitoring these species in vast and dynamic marine environments often make direct estimation of their population size challenging. By focusing on Ne, it is conceivable in certain cases to approximate census size once the Ne/Nc ratio is known, although this ratio can vary and does not always increase linearly, as it is influenced by various ecological and evolutionary factors. Thus, this ratio presents challenges and complexities in the context of pelagic species conservation. To delve deeper into these challenges, firstly, we recall the diverse types of effective population sizes, including contemporary and historical sizes, and their implications in conservation biology. Secondly, we outline current knowledge about the influence of life history traits on the Ne/Nc ratio in the light of examples drawn from large and abundant pelagic fish species. Despite efforts to document an increasing number of marine species using recent technologies and statistical methods, establishing general rules to predict Ne/Nc remains elusive, necessitating further research and investment. Finally, we recall statistical challenges in relating Ne and Nc emphasizing the necessity of aligning temporal and spatial scales. This last part discusses the roles of generation and reproductive cycle effective population sizes to predict genetic erosion and guiding management strategies. Collectively, these sections underscore the multifaceted nature of effective population size estimation, crucial for preserving genetic diversity and ensuring the long‐term viability of populations. By navigating statistical and theoretical complexities, and addressing methodological challenges, scientists should be able to advance our understanding of the Ne/Nc ratio.
How Have American Migration Patterns Changed in the COVID Era?
Authors: Kane Kevin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSince the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, popular accounts and new data have contributed to a narrative of major deconcentration to less dense neighborhoods and smaller regions. In turn, this informs long‐range regional growth policies. Pandemic‐period deconcentration is thought to be fueled by the constraints of restricted public activity and the widespread emergence of remote and hybrid work. This paper develops a regression model of the push‐and‐pull factors of interregional migration using 2015–2019 origin‐destination data and compares it with newly‐available US Postal Service address change data, which provide monthly in‐ and out‐moves at the relatively fine ZIP‐code level. Model results highlight the continued pull of job growth for migrants and find that household overcrowding—as a regional measure of housing supply—is more closely linked to migration than housing cost. Address change data covering the pandemic's peak confirm the increase in large‐region out‐migration and a corresponding influx in small places. However, in the later stage of the pandemic from July 2021 to June 2022, the highest population regions returned to their previous migration trends and dense ZIPs rebounded further to their previous migration levels, suggesting that a shorter‐term, COVID‐induced deconcentration process differed from the background trend of moves down the urban hierarchy.
“TESTIMONY STOPS WHERE HISTORY BEGINS”: UNDERSTANDING AND ETHICS IN RELATION TO HISTORICAL AND PRACTICAL PASTS
Authors: AHLSKOG JONAS 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relation between testimony and history by considering the recent “ethical turn” toward experience and memory in historical research. By way of a brief history of the concept of testimony in historical research, the article pinpoints current discussions as being about historical understanding rather than factual knowledge about the past. With reference to the revaluation of history within the linguistic turn, influential historical theorists have argued that abandoning objectivism calls for a rapprochement between historical research and attempts to make sense of the past in accounts of memory. Both history and memory accounts, they argue, offer forms of understanding that are equally conditioned by language as well as politics, culture, and identity. Thus, the inclusion of testimony has been framed as not only legitimate but also important for an “ethical” understanding of the past within historiographical discourse. In relation to this development, the article shows that abandoning objectivism in the wake of the linguistic turn cannot justify a general rapprochement between history and memory accounts. On the contrary, abandoning objectivism only increases the importance of appreciating the conceptual distinction between testimony and history as different forms of understanding. For clarifying the conceptual distinction, the article reexamines R. G. Collingwood's (in)famous contention that “testimony … stops where history begins.” Collingwood's main point was not, as previous interpreters have argued, only about epistemology but was about the qualitative difference between historical and practical pasts. In conclusion, the article articulates the importance of the distinction between history and practice in relation to questions about the historian's ethical responsibility.
Ultrastructural evaluation of adverse effects on dentine formation from systemic fluoride application in an experimental mouse model
Authors: Okamoto Motoki , Yamashita Shohei , Mendonca Melanie , Brueckner Susanne , Achong‐Bowe Ria , Thompson Jeffrey , Kuriki Nanako , Mizuhira Manabu , Benjamin Yehuda , Duncan Henry Fergus , Everett Eric T. , Suzuki Maiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimFluoride is widely used in dentistry for its caries prevention. To reduce dental caries, the optimal fluoride concentration of public water supplies in the United States is 0.7 ppm. However, excessive systemic fluoride consumption can lead to dental/enamel fluorosis. Numerous studies have explored the effects of fluoride on enamel and enamel‐forming cells. However, research on systemic fluoride's impact on dentine is limited, particularly the effect of fluoride on the structure of the dentine–pulp complex. Therefore, this study aimed to identify how excessive fluoride affects dentine microstructure using an experimental mouse model.MethodologyC57BL6/J male mice (6–9 weeks old) were randomized into four groups (Fluoride at 0, 50, 100, or 125 ppm in drinking water) (n = 4/group). Mice were provided water ad libitum for 6 weeks along with fluoride‐free food. Thereafter, mandibular incisors were analysed. Enamel phenotypes were evaluated using light microscopy and quantitative light‐induced fluorescence (QLF) to measure fluorosis levels. Dentine morphology was evaluated using micro‐CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM–EDX (energy‐dispersive X‐ray), microhardness test and histological imaging. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons as a post hoc test and the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons post hoc test (p < .05).ResultsMice treated with fluoride at 50–125 ppm developed enamel hypoplasia in their erupting incisors and micro‐CT imaging revealed that fluoride 125 ppm caused external resorption of the growing incisor. Dentine mineral density, dentine volume decreased compared with the 0 ppm control, while pulp volume increased compared with the 0 ppm control group. SEM showed wider predentine layer and abnormalities in calcified matrix vesicles derived from odontoblasts in fluoride 100 and 125 ppm groups. Vickers microhardness of dentine significantly decreased in the high‐dose group. Fluoride‐induced dentine hypoplasia in a dose‐dependent manner. Histological evaluation showed excessive fluoride 125 ppm induced micro abscess formation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Fluoride induced dentine dysplasia with a dentine microstructure resembling hypophosphatasia.ConclusionsHigh doses of systemic fluoride can cause dentine dysplasia. Both three‐dimensional and microstructural analyses showed the structural, chemical and mechanical changes in the dentine and the mineralized tissue components, along with external resorption and pulp inflammation.
Does HLA‐DQA1*05 carriage have a greater impact on the outcome of infliximab therapy for isolated small‐bowel Crohn's disease?
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhu Nannan , Hu Jing , Zhang Chenyu , Fang Yuanyuan , Wu Yumei , Shi Yongrong , Liu Qiuyuan , Ding Hao , Mei Qiao , Bai Bingqing , Han Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarriage of HLA‐DQA1*05 is thought to increase the formation of anti‐tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) antibodies, reducing the drug efficacy in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. However, little data are currently available for small‐bowel Crohn's disease (SB‐CD). A specific assessment of the impact of HLA‐DQA1*05 on the clinical response to treatment with infliximab (IFX), a TNF‐α antagonists, in SB‐CD patients is necessary. We conducted a single‐center retrospective study that included 106 SB‐CD patients treated with IFX. The serum samples were collected for antibodies to infliximab (ATI) testing and HLA‐DQA1*05 genotyping. Double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was performed following the IFX treatment, with endoscopic outcomes evaluated using the partial simple endoscopic score for CD (pSES‐CD), whereas the clinical response was assessed with the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI). Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate COX regression analyses were employed to analyze the correlation of the HLA‐DQA1*05 genotypes with other clinical variables. In this study, 30.2% of SB‐CD patients carried the HLA‐DQA1*05 allele, which significantly increased their risk of ATI generation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.337, p = .043), but it was not associated with the clinical response to IFX and drug persistence (OR = 2.356, p = .145; OR = 0.457, p = .249). The endoscopic remission rates were 40.6% (13/32) and 55.4% (41/74) in HLA‐DQA1*05 carriers and non‐carriers, respectively. HLA‐DQA1*05 was not associated with endoscopic remission (OR = 0.684, p = .414). The HLA‐DQA1*05 variant is identified as a significant risk factor of ATI formation in Chinese patients with SB‐CD, but is not associated with the clinical response of IFX treatment and endoscopic remission of SB lesions.