bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐native introductions influence fish body size distributions within a dryland river
Authors: Fritschie Keith J. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA contemporary challenge in ecology is assessing the ecosystem effects of multispecies introductions. Quantifying shifts in body sizes, a common trait with which many per capita rates of ecosystems functioning scales, provide an important way forward. Evidence suggests that freshwater fish introductions have altered species‐level body size distributions globally, but it is difficult to interpret their functional consequences because animals contribute to ecosystem functioning at the individual level at smaller spatial scales. In this study, we determine whether these macroecological patterns hold for individual size distributions (ISDs) at local scales. We use a comprehensive dataset of fish communities in a highly invaded dryland river to (1) compare the statistical moments of ISDs between native and non‐native pools and (2) relate biological and environmental covariates to the univariate moments of local ISDs and the multivariate community structure of local fish assemblages. We found that ISDs of native and non‐native pools were significantly different when data were pooled across sites. Non‐natives had smaller mean body size than natives across all guilds and within invertivore and omnivore guilds, but were significantly larger within the invertivore–piscivore guild. Moreover, differences in the variance of size distributions were often relatively greater than differences in the mean. By modeling ISDs at the site level as a function of biological and environmental covariates, we found that non‐native dominance within sites had similar effects on ISDs as expected from differences between species pools. However, neither biological nor environmental predictors explained significant community‐level variation when size and trophic structure were considered simultaneously. Shifts in size distributions can have multiple ecological consequences, and our results provide a baseline for generating size‐based predictions of non‐native species’ roles in ecosystem functioning. However, these size‐based predictions should be considered alongside other important trait distributions such as trophic structure, which had no consistent relationship with non‐native dominance in this study.
Pathogen dynamics during invasion and establishment of white‐nose syndrome explain mechanisms of host persistence
Authors: Frick Winifred F. , Cheng Tina L. , Langwig Kate E. , Hoyt Joseph R. , Janicki Amanda F. , Parise Katy L. , Foster Jeffrey T. , Kilpatrick A. Marm 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDisease dynamics during pathogen invasion and establishment determine the impacts of disease on host populations and determine the mechanisms of host persistence. Temporal progression of prevalence and infection intensity illustrate whether tolerance, resistance, reduced transmission, or demographic compensation allow initially declining populations to persist. We measured infection dynamics of the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans that causes white‐nose syndrome in bats by estimating pathogen prevalence and load in seven bat species at 167 hibernacula over a decade as the pathogen invaded, became established, and some host populations stabilized. Fungal loads increased rapidly and prevalence rose to nearly 100% at most sites within 2 yr of invasion in six of seven species. Prevalence and loads did not decline over time despite huge reductions in colony sizes, likely due to an extensive environmental reservoir. However, there was substantial variation in fungal load among sites with persisting colonies, suggesting that both tolerance and resistance developed at different sites in the same species. In contrast, one species disappeared from hibernacula within 3 yr of pathogen invasion. Variable host responses to pathogen invasion require different management strategies to prevent disease‐induced extinction and to facilitate evolution of tolerance or resistance in persisting populations.
Characterization and stability study of cranberry flavonoids in lipid liquid crystalline systems
Authors: Linkevičiūtė Aušra , Būdienė Jurga , Naujalis Evaldas , Katelnikovas Arturas , Barauskas Justas 
Published: December 2016

The main objective of the present study was to investigate mixtures of soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) as encapsulation matrices for cranberry flavonoids. The effects of flavonoids loading into non‐aqueous formulations, non‐lamellar liquid crystalline phases, and their colloidal dispersions were studied by using synchrotron small angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering. Flavonoids incorporation is discussed with respect to the lipid aggregation behavior, self‐assembled nanostructure, and chemical stability by using antioxidant activity assay. The obtained results show that SPC/GDO‐based formulations can incorporate relatively high amounts of flavonoids and serve as liquid crystalline delivery vehicles in the form of bulk phases or colloidal dispersions.Practical applications: Our results show that SPC/GDO‐based formulations can incorporate relatively high amounts of cranberry flavonoids. The effect flavonoid extracts on the nanostructure of bulk SPC/GDO LC phases are lipid weight ratio‐dependent. Flavonoids loaded into SPC/GDO‐based formulations and LC phases retain their antioxidant properties. The self‐assembled lipid liquid crystalline systems protect bioactive compounds from degradation. These facts are important for the community working in the field of self‐assembly of lipid structures, food chemistry, and delivery vehicles of nutraceuticals.Soy phosphatidylcholine lipids (SPC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) formed lipid‐based liquid crystal systems can be successfully applied for entrapment of natural cranberries flavonoids. After full hydration LC formulations can easily create self‐assembled non‐lamellar LC systems with different nanostructures. The stability studies have shown that the flavonoids loaded in SPC/GDO‐based systems retain their antioxidant properties at least up to 30 days.
Synthesis of P‐stereogenic macrocycles
Authors: Kato Ryosuke , Fukuyama Misuzu , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOptically active macrocycles consisting of two P‐stereogenic bisphosphine units and two π‐conjugated linkers were synthesized via [2 + 2] cyclization. A clear Cotton effect was observed in the π–π* transition region of the π‐conjugated units, indicating that the chirality is induced by the P‐stereogenic bisphosphine moieties onto the π‐conjugated linkers. Compared with model compounds, the orientation of the two π‐conjugated units was essential to the induced circular dichroism. Macrocycles containing extended π‐conjugated linkers exhibited large molar extinction coefficients, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and intense circularly polarized luminescence with the large dissymmetry factors.
Role of immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction in surgery for thyroid cancers with fixed vocal cords
Authors: Iwaki Shinobu , Maeda Tatsuyoshi , Saito Miki , Otsuki Naoki , Takahashi Miki , Wakui Emi , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Morimoto Koichi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Masuoka Hiroo , Miyauchi Akira , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundQuality of voice after immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reconstruction in thyroid cancers has not been thoroughly studied.MethodsThirteen patients with fixed vocal cords (fixed vocal cord group) and 8 patients with intact or impaired mobile vocal cords (mobile vocal cord group) who had immediate RLN reconstruction simultaneously with total thyroidectomy, and patients who had arytenoid adduction and thyroplasty for vocal cord paralysis caused by previous surgery (arytenoid adduction thyroplasty group) were enrolled in this study.ResultsPreoperative phonation efficiency index was significantly lower (p = .008) in the fixed vocal cord group than in the mobile vocal cord group. One year after surgery, all voice parameters of the patients in the fixed vocal cord group had improved, compared with their preoperative data. The fixed vocal cord group had attained satisfactory voice qualities equivalent to those of the mobile vocal cord group in terms of various voice parameters.ConclusionThe present results support the idea that immediate RLN reconstruction at the time of surgery for thyroid cancers may spare the need for subsequent arytenoid adduction thyroplasty even in the patients with preoperatively fixed vocal cords. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 427–431, 2017
Investigation of arguments against properly indicated extracapsular dissection in the parotid gland
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Scherl Claudia , Iro Heinrich 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe ideal extent of surgical intervention for benign parotid tumors remains a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to examine the existing arguments against extracapsular dissection and present our experience over the last 16 years.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was carried out on the records of all patients who underwent extracapsular dissection for benign parotid tumors at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2015.ResultsA total of 1359 cases were included in the study. Temporary postoperative facial palsy was detected in 68 cases (5%), permanent facial palsy in 5 cases (0.37%), and postoperative Frey's syndrome in 31 cases (2.3%). Recurrences of pleomorphic adenomas were shown in 4 cases (0.87%).ConclusionOur analysis could not justify the arguments against correctly indicated implementation of extracapsular dissection and showed that increased performance of this modality was associated with excellent oncologic and functional outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 498–502, 2017
Use of pretreatment serum uric acid level to predict metastasis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Du Xiao‐Jing , Chen Lei , Li Wen‐Fei , Tang Ling‐Long , Mao Yan‐Ping , Guo Rui , Sun Ying , Lin Ai‐Hua , Ma Jun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of pretreatment serum uric acid (SUA) for metastasis in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective study examined 1063 patients with locally advanced NPC. Multivariate survival analysis was used.ResultsHigh pretreatment SUA level (>353.4 μmol/L) independently predicted distant metastasis‐free survival (p = .013) and was associated with high white blood cell (p = .005), lymphocyte counts (p < .001), and male sex (p < 0.001). In addition, SUA levels were significantly elevated in patients with T1 to T3 classification (p = .042). For patients with subsequent lung metastases after treatment, markedly higher pretreatment SUA levels were detected compared with patients who had other distant metastases (p =.012) and patients without distant metastasis (p = .024).ConclusionPretreatment SUA may be a useful biomarker for evaluating treatment options for patients with locally advanced NPC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 492–497, 2017
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for recurrent head and neck cancer: A critical review
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Kabarriti Rafi , Ohri Nitin , Haynes–Lewis Hilda , Yaparpalvi Ravindra , Kalnicki Shalom , Garg Madhur K 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe management of patients with recurrent head and neck cancers remains a challenging clinical dilemma. Concerns over toxicity with re‐irradiation have limited its use in the clinical setting. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a highly conformal and precise type of radiotherapy and has the advantage of sparing normal tissue. Although SBRT is an attractive treatment modality, its use in the clinic is limited, given the technically challenging nature of the procedure. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of re‐irradiation in patients with recurrent head and neck cancers, with particular attention to the advent of SBRT and its use with systemic therapies such as cetuximab. In the second portion of this review, we present our systematic review of published experiences with SBRT in recurrent head and neck cancers in an attempt to provide data on response rates (RR), overall survival and toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 595–601, 2017
Behavior‐dependent activity patterns of GABAergic long‐range projecting neurons in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Katona Linda , Micklem Ben , Borhegyi Zsolt , Swiejkowski Daniel A. , Valenti Ornella , Viney Tim J. , Kotzadimitriou Dimitrios , Klausberger Thomas , Somogyi Peter 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTLong‐range glutamatergic and GABAergic projections participate in temporal coordination of neuronal activity in distributed cortical areas. In the hippocampus, GABAergic neurons project to the medial septum and retrohippocampal areas. Many GABAergic projection cells express somatostatin (SOM+) and, together with locally terminating SOM+ bistratified and O‐LM cells, contribute to dendritic inhibition of pyramidal cells. We tested the hypothesis that diversity in SOM+ cells reflects temporal specialization during behavior using extracellular single cell recording and juxtacellular neurobiotin‐labeling in freely moving rats. We have demonstrated that rare GABAergic projection neurons discharge rhythmically and are remarkably diverse. During sharp wave‐ripples, most projection cells, including a novel SOM+ GABAergic back‐projecting cell, increased their activity similar to bistratified cells, but unlike O‐LM cells. During movement, most projection cells discharged along the descending slope of theta cycles, but some fired at the trough jointly with bistratified and O‐LM cells. The specialization of hippocampal SOM+ projection neurons complements the action of local interneurons in differentially phasing inputs from the CA3 area to CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites during sleep and wakefulness. Our observations suggest that GABAergic projection cells mediate the behavior‐ and network state‐dependent binding of neuronal assemblies amongst functionally‐related brain regions by transmitting local rhythmic entrainment of neurons in CA1 to neuronal populations in other areas. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Could the application of bioactive molecules improve vital pulp therapy success? A systematic review
Authors: Luiz de Oliveira da Rosa Wellington , Machado da Silva Tiago , Fernando Demarco Flávio , Piva Evandro , Fernandes da Silva Adriana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to systematically review the literature of animal studies to evaluate whether bioactive dentin proteins could improve vital pulp therapy success. The review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Two reviewers independently conducted a literature search of seven databases: PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO. Animal experiments in which bioactive dentin proteins were applied directly or indirectly to the pulp tissue were included. Data regarding the characteristics of the proteins evaluated, the delivery systems used and the main findings from each study were tabulated to assess the outcomes of interest (tertiary dentin formation, inflammatory response, intratubular mineralization). After screening, 32 papers were subjected to qualitative analysis. In 75% of the studies, direct pulp capping was performed. Additionally, the most studied proteins were BMP‐7, TGF‐β1, and extracted soluble dentin matrix proteins. In conclusion, there is evidence in the literature suggesting that bioactive dentin molecules could enhance tertiary dentin formation with fewer initial inflammatory responses in direct and indirect pulp therapy in animal models. There are potential areas to be explored for novel therapeutic approaches for dental tissue repair and regeneration with bioactive materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 941–956, 2017.
Biodegradable nanocomplex from hyaluronic acid and arginine based poly(ester amide)s as the delivery vehicles for improved photodynamic therapy of multidrug resistant tumor cells: An in vitro study of the performance of chlorin e6 photosensitizer
Authors: Ji Ying , Zhao Jihui , Chu Chih‐Chang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), which enables the localized therapeutic effect by light irradiation, provides an alternative and complementary modality for the treatment of tumor. However, the aggregation of photosensitizers in acidic microenvironment of tumor and the non‐targeted distribution of photosensitizers in normal tissues significantly affect the PDT efficiency. In this study, we developed a biodegradable nanocomplex HA‐Arg‐PEA from hyaluronic acid (HA) and arginine based poly(ester amide)s (Arg‐PEA) as the nanocarrier for chlorin e6 (Ce6). HA enhanced the tumor‐specific endocytosis mediated by the overexpression of CD44 receptor. Arg‐PEA not only provide electrostatic interaction with HA to form self‐assembled nanostructure, but also improve the monomerization of Ce6 at physiological pH as well as mildly acidic pH. The biodegradable characteristic of HA‐Arg‐PEA nanocomplex enabled the intracellular delivery of Ce6, in which its release and generation of singlet oxygen can be accelerated by enzymatic degradation of the carrier. The in vitro PDT efficiency of Ce6‐loaded HA‐Arg‐PEA nanocomplex was examined in CD44 positive MDA‐MB‐435/MDR multidrug resistant melanoma cells. CD44‐mediated uptake of Ce6‐loaded HA‐Arg‐PEA nanocomplex significantly improved Ce6 level in MDA‐MB‐435/MDR cells within short incubation time, and the PDT efficiency in inhibiting multidrug resistant tumor cells was also enhanced at higher Ce6 concentrations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1487–1499, 2017.
Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone β‐Subunit Potentiates Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9‐Induced Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Su Xiao‐Ya , Zou Xiang , Chen Qian‐Zhao , Zeng Yu‐Hua , Shao Ying , He Bai‐Cheng , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP)‐related fractures usually result in morbidity and mortality in aging women, so it remains a global public health concern, and new effective safe treatments are urgently needed recently. Efficient osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would have the clinical application potential in treating multiple osteal disorders. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary glycoprotein hormone highly associated with menopausal bone turnover, whose peculiar part of receptor binding is follicle‐stimulating hormone β‐subunit (FSHβ). Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a potent osteogenic factor, can up‐regulate FSHβ in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, it is unclear, whether extrapituitary FSHβ affects BMP9‐induced osteogenesis in MEFs. In this study, we investigated the role of FSHβ in BMP9‐induced osteogenesis in MEFs. We found that exogenous expression of FSHβ significantly increased BMP9‐induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), the expression of osteogenic transcriptional factors, Runx2 and Osx, and the established late osteogenic markers, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), so does the ectopic bone formation. Mechanistically, FSHβ dramatically enhanced BMP9‐induced BMP/Smad signal transduction, presenting the augment phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, whereas treatment with anti‐FSHβ antibodies suppressed these effects. An adenylate cyclase inhibitor obviously suppressed ALP and BMP/Smad signal transduction induced by BMP9 or the combination of BMP9 and FSHβ in MEFs. Collectively, our findings suggested that FSHβ may promote BMP9‐induced activation of BMP/Smad signaling through a FSH/FSH receptor (FSHR)/cAMP dependent pathway in MEFs partly. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1792–1802, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH‐Modulating Poly(ethylene glycol)/Alginate Hydrogel Dressings for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds
Authors: Koehler Julia , Wallmeyer Leonie , Hedtrich Sarah , Goepferich Achim M. , Brandl Ferdinand P. 
Published: December 2016

The development of chronic wounds has been frequently associated with alkaline pH values. The application of pH‐modulating wound dressings can, therefore, be a promising treatment option to promote normal wound healing. This study reports on the development and characterization of acidic hydrogel dressings based on interpenetrating poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/acrylic acid/alginate networks. The incorporation of ionizable carboxylic acid groups results in high liquid uptake up to 500%. The combination of two separate polymer networks significantly improves the tensile and compressive stability. In a 2D cell migration assay, the application of hydrogels (0% to 1.5% acrylic acid) results in complete “wound” closure; hydrogels with 0.25% acrylic acid significantly increase the cell migration velocity to 19.8 ± 1.9 µm h−1. The most promising formulation (hydrogels with 0.25% acrylic acid) is tested on 3D human skin constructs, increasing keratinocyte ingrowth into the wound by 164%.image
Communicating a Key Benefit Claim Creatively and Effectively through Five Conveyor Properties
Authors: Althuizen Niek 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn today's clutter of marketing communications, creative advertisements are capable of grabbing the viewers’ attention with the aim of conveying the product's key benefit claim (KBC). A proven technique for drawing attention to an ad and communicating a KBC is the use of a “remote conveyor” that is seemingly unrelated to the product (e.g., a dolphin and a sports watch for conveying its waterproofness). Drawing on associative memory theory, this article investigates the potentially antagonistic relationship between five “curiosity‐raising” (originality) and “benefit‐conveying” (effectiveness) properties of a sample of 167 conveyors for communicating the KBC of four different products. The conveyors were generated in a nominal brainstorming session with 20 MBA students. This article also provides real‐life examples to illustrate the role of the five conveyor properties in getting across the message creatively and effectively. Creatives and do‐it‐yourself advertisers alike can easily apply the outlined procedure for generating and selecting conveyors.
The Effects of Physical Distance from a Brand Extension on the Impact of Brand‐Extension Fit
Authors: Huang Yunhui , Jia Yanli , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThree experiments show that if a brand extension provides a close fit to the parent brand, consumers evaluate it more favorably when they perceive themselves to be close to a picture of the extension than when they do not. If the extension is a poor fit to the parent, however, the reverse is true. These effects are driven by a match between consumers’ feelings of closeness to the extension information and the extension's closeness to the parent. This match leads them to process the extension information more fluently and consequently to generate a more favorable evaluation of the extension.