bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Gordon Katherine , Eden Nichole , Arbisi-Kelm Tim , Oleson Jacob 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether the word-learning challenges associated with developmental language disorder (DLD) result from encoding or retention deficits.MethodIn Study 1, 59 postsecondary students with DLD and 60 with normal development (ND) took the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, Adult Version (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000). In Study 2, 23 postsecondary students with DLD and 24 with ND attempted to learn 9 novel words in each of 3 training conditions: uncued test, cued test, and no test (passive study). Retention was measured 1 day and 1 week later.ResultsBy the end of training, students with DLD had encoded fewer familiar words (Study 1) and fewer novel words (Study 2) than their ND peers as evinced by word recall. They also demonstrated poorer encoding as evinced by slower growth in recall from Trials 1 to 2 (Studies 1 and 2), less semantic clustering of recalled words, and poorer recognition (Study 1). The DLD and ND groups were similar in the relative amount of information they could recall after retention periods of 5 and 20 min (Study 1). After a 1-day retention period, the DLD group recalled less information that had been encoded via passive study, but they performed as well as their ND peers when recalling information that had been encoded via tests (Study 2). Compared to passive study, encoding via tests also resulted in more robust lexical engagement after a 1-week retention for DLD and ND groups.ConclusionsEncoding, not retention, is the problematic stage of word learning for adults with DLD. Self-testing with feedback lessens the deficit.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5435200
The History of Stuttering by 7 Years of Age: Follow-Up of a Prospective Community Cohort
Authors: Kefalianos Elaina , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Vogel Adam , Pezic Angela , Mensah Fiona , Conway Laura , Bavin Edith , Block Susan , Reilly Sheena 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
For a community cohort of children confirmed to have stuttered by the age of 4 years, we report (a) the recovery rate from stuttering, (b) predictors of recovery, and (c) comorbidities at the age of 7 years.

Method
This study was nested in the Early Language in Victoria Study. Predictors of stuttering recovery included child, family, and environmental measures and first-degree relative history of stuttering. Comorbidities examined at 7 years included temperament, language, nonverbal cognition, and health-related quality of life.

Results

The recovery rate by the age of 7 years was 65%. Girls with stronger communication skills at the age of 2 years had higher odds of recovery (adjusted
OR
= 7.1, 95% CI [1.3, 37.9],
p
= .02), but similar effects were not evident for boys (adjusted
OR
= 0.5, 95% CI [0.3, 1.1],
p
= .10). At the age of 7 years, children who had recovered from stuttering were more likely to have stronger language skills than children whose stuttering persisted (
p
= .05). No evident differences were identified on other outcomes including nonverbal cognition, temperament, and parent-reported quality of life.

Conclusion
Overall, findings suggested that there may be associations between language ability and recovery from stuttering. Subsequent research is needed to explore the directionality of this relationship.
The TROY project: Searching for co-orbital bodies to known planets
Authors: Lillo-Box J. , Barrado D. , Figueira P. , Leleu A. , Santos N. C. , Correia A. C. M. , Robutel P. , Faria J. P. 
Published: October 2017

Context. The detection of Earth-like planets, exocomets or Kuiper belts show that the different components found in the solar system should also be present in other planetary systems. Trojans are one of these components and can be considered fossils of the first stages in the life of planetary systems. Their detection in extrasolar systems would open a new scientific window to investigate formation and migration processes.
Aims. In this context, the main goal of the TROY project is to detect exotrojans for the first time and to measure their occurrence rate (η-Trojan). In this first paper, we describe the goals and methodology of the project. Additionally, we used archival radial velocity data of 46 planetary systems to place upper limits on the mass of possible trojans and investigate the presence of co-orbital planets down to several tens of Earth masses.
Methods. We used archival radial velocity data of 46 close-in (P < 5 days) transiting planets (without detected companions) with information from high-precision radial velocity instruments. We took advantage of the time of mid-transit and secondary eclipses (when available) to constrain the possible presence of additional objects co-orbiting the star along with the planet. This, together with a good phase coverage, breaks the degeneracy between a trojan planet signature and signals coming from additional planets or underestimated eccentricity.
Results. We identify nine systems for which the archival data provide >1σ evidence for a mass imbalance between L4 and L5. Two of these systems provide >2σ detection, but no significant detection is found among our sample. We also report upper limits to the masses at L4/L5 in all studied systems and discuss the results in the context of previous findings.
Anatomic Double-Bundle Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction with Autologous Semitendinosus: Aperture Fixation Both at the Femur and the Patella
Authors: Vasso Michele , Corona Katia , Toro Giuseppe , Rossini Marco , Schiavone Panni Alfredo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMedial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) represents the main restraint against lateral patellar displacement. The MPFL insertion at the patella is up to 30 mm wide and is located along the upper half of the medial patellar rim. The femoral insertion of the MPFL is approximately 10 mm distal to the apex of the adductor tubercle and 16 mm proximal to the medial epicondyle. Since most of the patients suffer from MPFL rupture just after the first patellar dislocation, MPFL reconstruction results necessarily in all cases of chronic objective patellar instability to reestablish the primary passive patellofemoral stabilizer. Over time, different techniques of MPFL reconstruction have been proposed with promising results in terms of patient satisfaction and redislocation rate. However, each of these techniques may present peculiar problems and/or complications. An anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction through an aperture fixation both at the femur and at the patella is here presented. The anatomic double-bundle MPFL reconstruction could allow recreating the fan-shape and biomechanics of original MPFL, whereas aperture fixation could provide a strong and safe fixation without risk of loosening or slackening of the graft.
Neglected Posterior Knee Dislocation: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Leonardi Francesco , Zorzan Alessandra , Palermo Augusto , Molfetta Luigi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic dislocation of the knee is a rare condition due to a diagnostic mistake during emergency assessment. Usually, dislocation obliges the surgeon to carry out a broad assessment, with vascular and neurological examination, and a thorough assessment of joint injuries. The immediate and stable closed reduction can resolve neurovascular compression. The most serious late sequela is joint instability with impairment of ambulation and patient's autonomy. Treatment of neglected knee dislocation is surgical, that is, arthrodesis or arthroplasty, the latter representing the treatment of choice. The case described herein appears unique because of the clinical and radiographic features. Interestingly, over the years, the neurovascular bundle has inadvertently adapted to the posterior femur displacement without secondary damage.
Nutritives Anti-Aging
Authors: Heinrich U. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungFür die Substanzklasse der Carotinoide konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese in lipophilen Systemen als Antioxidantien wirksam sind. In zahlreichen Studien wurde nachgewiesen, dass Carotinoide nicht nur Algen und Pflanzen vor intensiver Sonneneinstrahlung schützen, sondern auch beim Menschen von einer fotoprotektiven Wirkung ausgegangen werden kann. Um die Gesundheit von Haut und Haar zu erhalten, werden vermehrt sogenannte „Nutricosmetics“ angeboten. Hier stellt sich die Frage, ob unsere Ernährung tatsächlich alle notwendigen Mikronährstoffe enthält.Zahlreiche Studien zeigten, dass „Nutricosmetics“ zur Verbesserung einzelner Hautparameter wie Oberflächenstruktur, Hautdichte und -Elastizität führten. Weiterhin wurden Hydratation und Barrierefunktion der Haut positiv beeinflusst. Anti-Aging-Konzepte wurden bestätigt. Natürliche Carotinoide, häufig in Kombination mit Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen, führten zu einer Steigerung der Wirksamkeit, hier spielen synergistische Effekte offenbar eine Rolle. Auch andere Wirkstoffe wie Polyphenole, aus Kakao oder grünem Tee gewonnen, hatten positive Wirkungen auf die Hautparameter bei täglicher Einnahme als Drink.In den hier gezeigten Untersuchungen konnten nach 12-wöchiger Einnahme nachhaltige Wirkungen von „Nutricosmetics“ nachgewiesen werden. Somit kann eine, zumindest temporäre, Supplementierung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zur Erhöhung des körpereigenen Lichtschutzes oder zur Verbesserung der Hautqualitäten empfohlen werden. Allerdings sollten Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nicht als Ausgleich einer ungesunden Ernährung verstanden werden.
Fraktionierte CO2-Laserbehandlung der Haut
Authors: Steckmeier S. , Gauglitz G. , Poetschke J. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungZur Verbesserung der Hautstruktur und zur allgemeinen Glättung bzw. Straffung der Haut (vor allem der Gesichtshaut) kommen heutzutage zunehmend fraktionierte Laserverfahren zum Einsatz. Durch das Prinzip der fraktionierten Photothermolyse ist im Vergleich zu den klassisch ablativen Verfahren eine effektive Neokollagenese bei minimalen Ausfallzeiten und guter Verträglichkeit für die Patienten zu erreichen. Der besonders bei den fraktionierten CO2-Lasern ausgeprägte „Shrinking“-Effekt führt zu einer signifikanten Stimulation des Kollagenumbaus und einer Straffung der Haut. Bis heute zählt er zu den am besten untersuchten und effektivsten Behandlungsverfahren im Anti-Aging-Bereich und in der Therapie von atrophen und hypertrophen (Brand-)Narben.
Fast heilbar
Authors: Sparber-Sauer Monika 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Krebs bei Kindern Was macht pädiatrische Onkologie aus? Wie entsteht Krebs
bei Kindern und Jugendlichen? Welche Arten von Krebs können auftreten? Wie
verlaufen Diagnose und Therapie? Dr. Monika Sparber-Sauer gibt einen umfassenden
Überblick über eine Erkrankung, die heute in den meisten Fällen überwunden
werden kann.
Wie sag ich’s dem Kind?
Authors: Riede Jens 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Kinder als Adressaten schlechter Nachrichten Soll ein Kind über seine
Diagnose aufgeklärt werden oder reicht es aus, wenn die Eltern informiert sind?
Kann man einem Kind eine schlimme Diagnose überhaupt zumuten? Unser Autor hat
sich mit den rechtlichen Hintergründen beschäftigt und in der Literatur nach
Studien gesucht, die sich mit der Sicht der Kinder beschäftigen. Dabei scheinen
in Deutschland andere Ansichten vorzuherrschen als in der internationalen
wissenschaftlichen Literatur.
Palliativmedizinisches Denken und Handeln im Notarztdienst – eine Befragung zur Strukturqualität
Authors: Tiesmeier Jens , Salomon Fred , Lehning Brigitte , Tomaszczyk Matylda , Henzler Dietrich , Jakob Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Je nach untersuchter Region beträgt der Anteil von Patienten mit einer palliativen Grunderkrankung 3 – 10% (ca. 1% in einer Terminalphase) der Gesamteinsätze im Rettungsdienst. Dabei ist ein breites Spektrum zu bewältigen. Es reicht von Symptomkrisen und psychosozialen Belastungen des Umfelds, über erkrankungsunabhängige Notfälle bis hin zur Frage der Durchführung einer Reanimation. Hierbei besteht ein Spannungsfeld zwischen dem kurativen Ansatz der Notfallrettung und dem Ansatz einer palliativen, symptomkontrollierenden Therapie vor Ort. Unter Zeitdruck müssen die Gesamtsituation erfasst und medizinische, juristische und ethische Aspekte im Sinne des Patienten gewürdigt werden. Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Strukturen und Hilfsmittel dem Notarzt für ein palliativmedizinisches Vorgehen und Denken im Einsatz zur Verfügung stehen.
Material und Methoden Datenerhebung zur Strukturqualität bei der Versorgung von Palliativpatienten mittels Fragebogen bei den Ärztlichen Leitern Rettungsdienst der Region Ostwestfalen-Lippe und der Stadt Münster.
Ergebnisse Rücklaufquote 8/8. Gesamtzahl der regelmäßig aktiven Notärzte pro Gebietskörperschaft 71 – 80; hiervon mit Zusatzweiterbildung Palliativmedizin 0 – 10. Fragenauswahl (in Klammern Anzahl der Nennungen), Strukturdaten Leitstelle: Kontaktdaten des ambulanten Palliativmediziners (z. B. Mobilfunknummer) für Disponenten zur Verfügung: ja (7), nein (1). Spezielle Schulungen der Disponenten: ja (1), nein (7). Strukturdaten zum Advance-Care Planning: Qualitätszirkel/Treffen Rettungsdienst/Palliativnetzwerk: ja (2), nein (6), geplant (1). Regional standardisierte Notfallausweise o. Ä.: ja (4), nein (4), geplant (1). Entscheidungshilfen im Einsatz: Standard operating Procedure (SOP) als Entscheidungspfad vorhanden: ja (3), nein (5), geplant (1). Ausstattung der Rettungsmittel: Port-Nadeln: ja (7), nein (1); MAD-Systeme (Intranasal Mucosal Atomization Device): ja (8), Gesamtmenge Morphinsulfat vor Ort ≥ 40 mg: ja (7), nein (1).
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Optionen, die ein palliativmedizinisches Vorgehen für die Notfallmedizin bieten können, wurden bislang uneinheitlich implementiert. Dies gilt für die Weiterbildung in medizinischen, rechtlichen und ethischen Fragen, die Ausstattung und Hilfsmittel auf den Rettungsmitteln sowie für die Kooperation mit den ambulanten Partnern. Mögliche Konflikt- und Schnittmengen sollten lokal und überregional erkannt und besprochen werden. Ziel ist ein souveränes und differenziertes Vorgehen zwischen kurativer Behandlungsoption und palliativer Symptomkontrolle, um im Sinne des Patienten handeln zu können.
Coin trials
Authors: Smith Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAccording to the JUSTIFIED FAIR COINS principle, if I know that a coin is fair, and I lack justification for believing that it won’t be flipped, then I lack justification for believing that it won’t land tails. What this principle says, in effect, is that the only way to have justification for believing that a fair coin won’t land tails, is by having justification for believing that it won’t be flipped at all. Although this seems a plausible and innocuous principle, in a recent paper Dorr, Goodman and Hawthorne use it in devising an intriguing puzzle which places all justified beliefs about the future in jeopardy. They point out, further, that one very widespread theory of justification predicts that JUSTIFIED FAIR COINS is false, giving us additional reason to reject it. In this paper, I will attempt to turn this dialectic around. I will argue that JUSTIFIED FAIR COINS does not inevitably lead to scepticism about the future, and the fact that it is incompatible with a widespread theory of justification may give us reason to doubt the theory. I will outline an alternative theory of justification that predicts both that JUSTIFIED FAIR COINS is true and that we have justification for believing much about the future.
Friction stir scribe welding technique for dissimilar joining of aluminium and galvanised steel
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Sidhar Harpreet , Mishra Rajiv S. , Hovanski Yuri , Upadhyay Piyush , Carlson Blair 
Published: October 2017

Friction stir scribe technology, a derivative of friction stir welding, was applied for the dissimilar lap welding of an aluminium alloy and galvanised mild steel sheets. During the process, the rotating tool with a cobalt steel scribe first penetrated the top material – aluminium – and then the scribe cuts the bottom material – steel. The steel was displaced into the upper material to produce a characteristic hook feature. Lap welds were shear tested, and their fracture paths were studied. Welding parameters affected the welding features, including hook height, which turned out to be highly related to fracture position. Therefore, in this paper, the relationships among welding parameters, hook height, joint strength and fracture position are presented. In addition, the influence of zinc coating on joint strength was also studied.
Benefits of computerized auditory training software for Kannada speaking children with hearing impairment – parent’s perspective
Authors: Nanjundaswamy Manohar , Prabhu Prashanth , Rajanna Revathi Kittur , Ningegowda Raghavendra Gulaganji , Firdose Husna , Sharma Madhuri 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
The present study attempted to develop computer based auditory training software focusing on Kannada speaking children with hearing impairment (HI). In addition, it was also attempted to determine if there are any improvements in listening with and without the developed software.

Materials and Methods:
This was determined based on pre and post therapy changes in the parent’s perspective, and also on questionnaires. The software consisted of five modules namely, auditory awareness, auditory identification, auditory discrimination, auditory memory and sequencing and auditory comprehension. It was administered on ten individuals with HI who also received listening training, while he control group received only listening training.

Results:
The results of the study showed that there was an improvement in listening skills based on infant toddler-meaningful auditory integration scale (IT-MAIS) and parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) questionnaires administered on parents of children with HI. A detailed interview of parents also suggested that there was an enhanced auditory attention and improvement in overall listening skills.

Conclusions:
Thus, the present software can act as a supplement to the usual listening training in Kannada speaking children with HI.
Two weight estimates with matrix measures for well localized operators
Authors: Bickel Kelly , Culiuc Amalia , Treil Sergei , Wick Brett 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for weighted

L
2

L^2

estimates with matrix-valued measures of well localized operators. Namely, we seek estimates of the form
\[

‖
T
(

W

f
)

‖

L
2

(

V

)

≤
C
‖
f

‖

L
2

(

W

)

,

\| T(\mathbf {W} f)\|_{L^2(\mathbf {V})} \le C\|f\|_{L^2(\mathbf {W})},

\]
where

T
T

is formally an integral operator with additional structure,

W

,

V

\mathbf {W}, \mathbf {V}

are matrix measures, and the underlying measure space possesses a filtration. The characterization we obtain is of Sawyer type; in particular, we show that certain natural testing conditions obtained by studying the operator and its adjoint on indicator functions suffice to determine boundedness. Working in both the matrix-weighted setting and the setting of measure spaces with arbitrary filtrations requires novel modifications of a T1 proof strategy; a particular benefit of this level of generality is that we obtain polynomial estimates on the complexity of certain Haar shift operators.
Prevalence of Hypertension Defined by Central Blood Pressure Measured Using a Type II Device in a Nationally Representative Cohort
Authors: Chuang Shao-Yuan , Chang Hsing-Yi , Cheng Hao-Min , Pan Wen-Harn , Chen Chen-Huan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Central blood pressure (BP) can be used to define hypertension. A central BP approach may be more sensitive than a conventional brachial BP approach in detecting hypertension. We aimed to compare the 2 approaches in estimating the prevalence hypertension in a nationally representative population.

METHODS
A total of 2,742 adults older than 19 years participated in the 2013–2016 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. Central and brachial BP were simultaneously measured using a cuff-based stand-alone central BP monitor purporting to measure invasive central BP (type II device). Central hypertension was defined by central systolic (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) ≥130 or 90 mm Hg or using antihypertensive medications, and brachial hypertension was defined by brachial SBP/DBP ≥140 or 90 mm Hg or using antihypertensive medications.

RESULTS
The World Health Organization-standardized and national weighted prevalence rates of central hypertension were 27.95% and 32.48%, respectively, and both were significantly higher than those of brachial hypertension (20.80% and 25.43%, both P &lt; 0.001). The national weighted prevalence rates of concordant central and brachial hypertension, concordant central and brachial nonhypertension, isolated central hypertension, and isolated brachial hypertension were 25.13%, 67.22%, 7.35%, and 0.30%, respectively. Most subjects with the isolated central hypertension (97%) were within the range of brachial prehypertension, but only 38.0% of subject with brachial prehypertension had central hypertension.

CONCLUSION
Almost one-third of a nationally representative population had hypertension detected by a central BP approach. Hypertension detection using a conventional brachial BP approach may underestimate the prevalence of hypertension and result in a less effective hypertension control.
Ethical issues in the use of SMS messaging in HIV care and treatment in low- and middle-income countries: case examples from Mozambique
Authors: Ossemane Ezequiel B , Moon Troy D , Were Martin C , Heitman Elizabeth 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe introduction of mobile communication technologies in health care in low- and middle-income countries offers an opportunity for increased efficiencies in provision of care, improved utilization of scarce resources, reductions in workload, and increased reach of services to a larger target population. Short message service (SMS) technologies offer promise, with several large-scale SMS-based implementations already under way. Still largely lacking in the research literature are evaluations of specific ethical issues that arise when SMS programs are implemented and studied in resource-limited settings. In this paper, we examine the ethical issues raised by the deployment of SMS messaging to support patient retention in HIV care and treatment and in the research conducted to evaluate that deployment. We use case studies that are based in Mozambique and ground our discussion in the ethical framework for international research proposed by Emanuel et al., highlighting ethical considerations needed to guide the design and implementation of future SMS-based interventions. Such guidance is increasingly needed in countries such as Mozambique, where the local capacity for ethical study design and oversight is still limited and the scale-up and study of mHealth initiatives are still driven predominantly by international collaborators. These issues can be complex and will need ongoing attention on a case-by-case basis to ensure that appropriate protections are in place, while simultaneously maximizing the potential benefit of new mHealth technologies.