bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local inefficiencies in French public–private diversity and inclusion policies
Authors: Jardat Rémi , Labulle Florimond 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This study aims to explore inefficiencies that arise from public and private policy initiatives undertaken in suburbs and outlying localities, where various intersecting economic, educational, ethnic and geographical disadvantages mutually reinforce each other. The authors propose to transpose the cross-disciplinary concept of intersectionality from an individual and community-based level (i.e. encompassing a variety of racial, ethnic and socio-economic minority communities) to a locality-based context.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical data underlying this study were based on a long-term field study drawing on both interviews and observations. A self-administered ethnographic research approach was combined with classic analyses of conversations transcribed verbatim, using qualitative coding.

Findings
The main actors’ inability to understand the concrete situations experienced by subjects residing in outlying localities, as well as the managers’ failure to cooperate and engage collectively to promote employment among these populations, can be explained by the ineffectiveness of the categories that were designed and used in carrying out managerial action, as part of corporate policy, and then implemented within factories. These findings are particularly well-illustrated by the relatively lower inefficiency of SMEs, which had more limited resources, as compared with the actions undertaken at production facilities run by large companies, even though the latter devoted considerable resources to vocational inclusion (recruitment, integration and job preservation) and efforts to combat discrimination.

Research limitations/implications
In identifying a new way to categorize a certain type of social dynamic driven by businesses and various social actors, the authors sought to overcome the epistemological obstacles that arise from relying on neo-institutional theory, which, when applied to the case at hand, would have merely resulted in mimetic similarities, without offering any means for unblocking the socio-economic factors that come into play. The limitations of the study are related to its strict temporal and geographic isolation (i.e. a two-year study examining three production facilities located within the same suburb north of Paris).

Practical implications
The authors hope the study will urge actors operating in the same disadvantaged locality to collectively address the multiple intersectional challenges that tend to render policies for social inclusion and economic development so difficult to implement within areas suffering from a myriad of socio-economic ills. The first step in that direction, the authors feel, consists in naming these intersectionalities adequately.

Originality/value
Using a rich empirical database, this paper aims to show the relevance of the concept of intersectionality beyond its traditional scope of application (disadvantaged minority communities and individuals) while directing interest toward a less anthropocentric level of analysis: the locality.
Spatial dynamics of habitat use informs reintroduction efforts in the presence of an invasive predator
Authors: Rehm Evan M. , Balsat Mallory B. , Lemoine Nathan P. , Savidge Julie A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Islands experience major impacts from introduced species, especially nocturnal predators. The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) extirpated almost the entire native avifauna on Guam after introduction. Reintroductions from neighbouring islands can restore bird communities but will take place in heavily managed units where snake populations can be controlled. Yet, reintroductions often proceed without relevant biological information such as habitat and space use when nocturnal predators are present. To guide efforts, we studied the avian frugivore community's diurnal and nocturnal habitat and space use on the island of Saipan, where the snake is absent.

Using radiotelemetry and a Bayesian framework, we compared data typically accessible to resource managers (diurnal home range [DHR] and habitat selection), which often form the basis of reintroduction plans. We contrasted this with data on nocturnal habitat use that is often not available but relevant when nocturnal predation threat is high.

Diurnal home range size varied within and among species with Micronesian Starlings (Aplonis opaca) having DHRs at least 45 ha larger than other species. For all species, night roost locations were generally spatially clustered within a DHR and covered a smaller spatial extent. Two species had higher probabilities of roosting outside DHR boundaries but, when outside, roosts were often within 200 m of the DHR boundary. All species selected forested habitats during day and night, with some species choosing native forest over non‐native habitat.

Synthesis and applications. If individuals roosted randomly throughout diurnal home ranges (DHRs), landscape‐level suppression of the brown tree snake on Guam might be the only viable option for reintroductions. However, we found that all species showed clustered roosting and high site fidelity. If site fidelity is common, then individuals that roost within fenced areas where snake populations are severely reduced will experience high survival even if diurnal home ranges extend into the surrounding unprotected matrix. There was a large overlap in habitat selection during day and night, indicating managed areas should be composed of native forest with non‐native forests of secondary importance. In systems with nocturnal predators, understanding variability in diurnal and nocturnal habitat use could lead to better informed management decisions.
Development and characterisation of a sugar‐free milk‐based dessert formulation with fig (Ficus carica L.) and carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Jahromi Mastaneh , Niakousari Mehrdad 
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to develop an optimum formula for ‘Shir Anjir’, an Iranian dessert containing milk, dried fig (13, 16.5, 20%) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (0, 0.35, 0.7%) with no added sugar. Apparent viscosity, flow behaviour indices, pH, acidity (% lactic acid), total solid and colour parameters were compared. Sensory tests were performed to evaluate degree of liking of colour, appearance, taste, texture, mouthfeel and general acceptance. Figs and CMC influenced the dessert's characteristics. The most popular formula contained milk, 16.5% figs and 0.7% CMC and had an apparent viscosity of 3.78 Pa·s at 5 °C, exhibiting a shear‐thinning behaviour.
Domestication of tomato has reduced the attraction of herbivore natural enemies to pest‐damaged plants
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Garvey Michael , Kaplan Ian , Li Baoping , Carrillo Juli 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlant domestication can alter species interactions and influence novel associations among crops and insects. We performed a series of preference and performance experiments to test predator and herbivore attraction to domesticated and wild plants and to evaluate the efficacy of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) across a domestication gradient in tomato, including wild relatives, landraces and domesticated commercial cultivars.We employed a tri‐trophic system consisting of the specialist lepidopteran herbivoreManduca sextaand two of its natural enemies: an egg predator, the stilt bugJalysus wickhami, and a larval parasitoid, the waspCotesia congregata.In olfactometer trials, natural enemies consistently preferred HIPVs of wild tomatoes over domesticated cultivars, with landraces in between. Plant‐domestication effects were also apparent in terms of decision speed: predators were slower to orient towards damaged crops than to damaged wild relatives.By contrast,M. sextamoths were more likely to oviposit on domesticated than on wild or landrace tomatoes, indicating that insect responses to plant odours vary with trophic level. Field trials confirmed olfactory preference tests: caterpillars recovered from wild tomato relatives were more likely to be parasitized than those recovered from landraces or domesticated tomatoes.The results of the present study suggest that tomato domestication has reduced the efficacy of HIPVs in attracting predators compared with wild relatives and also that this decreased attraction leads to lower attack rates by enemies in the field. This outcome has implications for understanding the specificity of tri‐trophic plant defences and the compatibility of natural enemies for biocontrol in agro‐ecosystems.
Environmental and genetic influences on the dispersal propensity of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana)
Authors: Van Hezewijk Brian , Wertman Debra , Stewart Don , Béliveau Catherine , Cusson Michel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
For many species, dispersal among populations has profound impacts on local dynamics and the spread of outbreaks. Understanding the environmental and genetic triggers of density‐dependent dispersal is important for improving population models and developing reliable management strategies.
We hypothesized that moth dispersal in the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) is triggered by reductions in larval food availability and mediated by the expression of the for gene, which affects movement and dispersal activity in Drosophila and other species. Late‐stage larvae were reared under different food‐limitation treatments. Dispersal of adults was assessed using three measures of flight performance on flight mills: maximum velocity, 1‐h flight distance and maximum sustained flight time. Accumulation of for transcripts was measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction on moths from each treatment.
Flight activity was positively related to moth size and, although food limitation caused reductions in moth size, it also had an independent and positive effect on maximum velocities, sustained flight times and flight distances. Food limitation had no effect on expression of the for gene.
We conclude that reductions in food availability will produce moths that are smaller but exhibit increased flight activity, potentially increasing the population of dispersing individuals. The physiological basis for this effect remains unknown.
Extra‐corporeal normothermic machine perfusion of the porcine kidney: working towards future utilization in Australasia
Authors: Hameed Ahmer M. , Miraziz Ray , Lu David B. , Warwick Neil , El‐Ayoubi Ali , Burns Heather , Chew Yi Vee , Matthews Ross , O'Grady Greg , Yuen Lawrence , Rogers Natasha , Pleass Henry C. , Hawthorne Wayne J. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe ongoing supply‐demand gap with respect to donor kidneys for transplantation necessitates the increased use of higher kidney donor profile index and/or donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys. Machine perfusion (MP) preservation has become increasingly popular as a means to preserve such organs. Human data regarding normothermic kidney MP (NMP) is in its infancy, and such a system has not been established in the Australasian clinical setting.MethodsModified cardio‐pulmonary bypass technology was utilized to develop a viable NMP kidney perfusion system using a porcine DCD model. System development and optimization occurred in two stages, with system components added in each experiment to identify optimal perfusion conditions.ResultsDevice functionality was demonstrated by the successful perfusion of and urine production by, eight porcine kidneys. Urine production diminished in the presence of colloid in the perfusate. Pressure‐controlled (compared with flow‐controlled) perfusion is preferable as a safe perfusion pressure range can be maintained. More physiologic perfusion conditions are achieved if oxygenation is provided by an oxygen/carbon dioxide mixture compared to 100% oxygen.ConclusionA viable and reproducible NMP system was established and tested in porcine kidneys, which was able to simulate graft function extra‐corporeally. Further work is required to identify the most optimal perfusion conditions. Prior to its utilization in clinical transplantation, the system should be tested in non‐transplanted human kidneys.
Utility of early transperineal template‐guided prostate biopsy for risk stratification in men undergoing active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Voss James , Pal Raj , Ahmed Shaista , Hannah Magnus , Jaulim Adil , Walton Thomas 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and utility of routine multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transperineal template‐guided prostate biopsy (TPB) after enrolment in active surveillance (AS).Patients and MethodsFrom April 2012 to December 2016 consecutive men from our single institution, diagnosed with low‐ or intermediate‐risk prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasonography‐guided biopsy, were offered further staging with early mpMRI and TPB within 12 months of diagnosis. Data were collected prospectively. Eligibility criteria comprised: age ≤77 years; Gleason score ≤3 + 4; clinical stage T1–T2; PSA ≤15 ng/mL; and <50% positive biopsy cores.ResultsA total of 208 men were enrolled, including 196 with Gleason score 3 + 3 and 12 with Gleason score 3 + 4 disease. The median (range) number of TPB cores was 50 (17–161), with a mean TPB core density of 1.2 cores/cm3 prostate volume. A total of 83 men (39.9%) underwent histopathological upgrading after TPB, including 76 men (38.8%) with Gleason score 3 + 3 disease and seven men (58.3%) with Gleason score 3 + 4 disease. Of these, 26 (31.3%) were found to harbour primary pattern Gleason grade ≥4 disease. In all, 24 (28.9%) upgraded cases had Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score 1 or 2 lesions on mpMRI, including five men with Gleason score ≥4 + 3 disease. Of these, 14 (58.3%) had a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density of ≥0.15, including four out of the five men with Gleason ≥4 + 3 disease. Overall there was a change in prostate cancer management in 77 men (37.0%) after TPB.ConclusionsEarly TPB during AS is associated with significant upgrading and a change in treatment plan in over a third of men. If TPB was omitted in men with a PI‐RADS score <3 and a PSA density <0.15, 12% of those harbouring more significant disease would have been misclassified.
Comparative study of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes
Authors: Wang Ellen F , Worsley Andrew , Polkinghorne Philip J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportanceTo compare the safety and outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification in post‐vitrectomy eyes.BackgroundTo compare visual outcomes and adverse outcomes of FLACS and conventional phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes.DesignSingle surgeon, retrospective study set in a private clinic in Auckland, New Zealand. Patients selected in a chronological manner, without masking or randomization.ParticipantsOnly patients undergoing cataract extraction following vitrectomy were included.MethodsThe last 25 surgeries performed prior to acquisition of the femtosecond laser and the first 25 surgeries performed following acquisition of the femtosecond laser were included. Patient demographic data, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities were collected. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 74 months.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures are postoperative visual outcomes and intra‐ and postoperative complications for both groups.ResultsResults of FLACS compared to conventional phacoemulsification are as follows: preoperative logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (0.63 vs. 0.69), postoperative logMAR BCVA (0.17 vs. 0.19), posterior capsule complications (0% vs. 12%, P = 0.235), cystoid macular oedema (CMO) (12% vs. 20%, P = 0.705) and postoperative neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy (16% vs. 48%, P = 0.032).Conclusions and RelevanceFLACS demonstrates comparable visual outcomes to conventional phacoemulsification. Whilst outcomes measured were not statistically significant, except postoperative YAG capsulotomy, FLACS showed a trend towards a better intraoperative and postoperative safety profile. Femtosecond laser offers a theoretical advantage in reducing complication rates in post‐vitrectomy eyes, further larger studies are needed.
Drug and alcohol treatment providers’ views about the disease model of addiction and its impact on clinical practice: A systematic review
Authors: Barnett Anthony I. , Hall Wayne , Fry Craig L. , Dilkes‐Frayne Ella , Carter Adrian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIssuesAddiction treatment providers’ views about the disease model of addiction (DMA), and their contemporary views about the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA), remain an understudied area. We systematically reviewed treatment providers’ attitudes about the DMA/BDMA, examined factors associated with positive or negative attitudes and assessed their views on the potential clinical impact of both models.ApproachPubmed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus and Sociological Abstracts were systematically searched. Original papers on treatment providers’ views about the DMA/BDMA and its clinical impact were included. Studies focussing on tobacco, behavioural addictions or non‐Western populations were excluded.Key FindingsThe 34 included studies were predominantly quantitative and conducted in the USA. Among mixed findings of treatment providers’ support for the DMA, strong validity studies indicated treatment providers supported the disease concept and moral, free‐will or social models simultaneously. Support for the DMA was positively associated with treatment providers’ age, year of qualification, certification status, religious beliefs, being in recovery and Alcoholics Anonymous attendance. Greater education was negatively associated with DMA support. Treatment providers identified potential positive (e.g. reduced stigma) and negative (e.g. increased sense of helplessness) impacts of the DMA on client behaviour.Implications/ConclusionThe review suggests treatment providers may endorse disease and other models while strategically deploying the DMA for presumed therapeutic benefits. Varying DMA support across workforces indicated service users may experience multiple and potentially contradictory explanations of addiction. Future policy development will benefit by considering how treatment providers adopt disease concepts in practice.
Reading comprehension difficulties in children with rolandic epilepsy
Authors: Currie Nicola K , Lew Adina R , Palmer Tom M , Basu Helen , De Goede Christian , Iyer Anand , Cain Kate 
Published: December 2017

AimDifficulties in reading comprehension can arise from either word reading or listening comprehension difficulties, or a combination of the two. We sought to determine whether children with rolandic epilepsy had poor reading comprehension relative to typically developing comparison children, and whether such difficulties were associated with word reading and/or general language comprehension difficulties.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, children with rolandic epilepsy (n=25; 16 males, 9 females; mean age 9y 1mo, SD 1y 7mo) and a comparison group (n=39; 25 males, 14 females; mean age 9y 1mo, SD 1y 3mo) completed assessments of reading comprehension, listening comprehension, word/non‐word reading, speech articulation, and Non‐verbal IQ.ResultsReading comprehension and word reading were worse in children with rolandic epilepsy (F1,61=6.89, p=0.011, =0.10 and F1,61=6.84, p=0.011, =0.10 respectively), with listening comprehension being marginal (F1,61=3.81, p=0.055, =0.06). Word reading and listening comprehension made large and independent contributions to reading comprehension, explaining 70% of the variance.InterpretationChildren with rolandic epilepsy may be at risk of reading comprehension difficulties. Thorough assessment of individual children is required to ascertain whether the difficulties lie with decoding text, or with general comprehension skills, or both.What this paper adds

Children with rolandic epilepsy may be at risk of poor reading comprehension.

This was related to poor word reading, poor listening comprehension, or both.

Reading comprehension interventions should be tailored to the profile of difficulties.
Identification of influence factors for the implementation of communication curricula in dental education
Authors: Rüttermann S. , Kiessling C. , Haak R. , Gerhardt‐Szep S. , Härtl A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to reveal possible obstacles or advantages for the implementation of a dental communication curriculum. It was questioned whether (i) universities with a communication curriculum in medicine realise the same development in dentistry, (ii) the existence and usage of a learning objectives catalogue is a main factor to facilitate the implementation, and (iii) it is more easy to establish with a lower number of students.Material and methodsData of two recently published surveys were taken as the basis for further analysis. The quality of the curricula was evaluated by a scoring system. Correlations were calculated between the scores and possible influence factors. A t test for paired samples was accomplished to reveal differences between medical and dental curricula, and a Mann‐Whitney U test to identify differences in schools with and without the usage of a learning objectives catalogue.ResultsNo significant correlation was found between the quality scores of medical and dental schools; t tests revealed significant differences between them (P = .004). Correlation between cohort size and quality of the curriculum was marginal. Mann‐Whitney U test revealed significantly higher quality scores for dental schools using a learning objectives catalogue (P = .001).ConclusionsThe existence of a learning objectives catalogue might facilitate the implementation of communication curricula at dental schools. A missing notable curriculum in the corresponding medical school should not detain from a respective campaign in the dental curriculum. Large student numbers should also not discourage from developing a communication curriculum.
Flow cytometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during follow‐up
Authors: Gong Xiaoyuan , Lin Dong , Wang Huijun , Wang Ying , Liu Bingcheng , Wei Hui , Zhou Chunlin , Liu Kaiqi , Wei Shuning , Gong Benfa , Zhang Guangji , Liu Yuntao , Zhao Xingli , Li Yan , Gu Runxia , Qiu Shaowei , Mi Yingchang , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the value of flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during follow‐up.MethodsA total of 2871 CSF samples from 357 adult patients with newly diagnosed ALL between the year of 2009 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to CSF results, FCM+/conventional cytology (CC)+ group, FCM+/CC− group, and FCM−/CC− group, respectively. The overall survival (OS) of the three groups was analyzed.ResultsFifteen (4.2%) and 26 (7.3%) patients' CSF samples were FCM+/CC+ and FCM+/CC−, respectively. The remaining 316 (88.5%) patients' samples were FCM−/CC−. The 2‐year OS for the FCM+/CC+, FCM+/CC−, and FCM−/CC− groups was 40.0%, 20.6%, and 64.2%, respectively (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between FCM+/CC+ and FCM+/CC− patients (P = .195). In multivariate analysis, a high WBC count and LDH level were independent risk factors for central nervous system involvement in adult patients with ALL.ConclusionsFCM demonstrated a superior sensitivity over conventional cytology in the diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in adult patients with ALL. FCM+/CC− patients showed a similar survival with FCM+/CC+ patients, suggesting that an isolated FCM‐positive status holds clinical significance.