bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in CaSO4:Dy TL Response as a Function of Particle Size and Photon Energy
Authors: Azorin J.N. , Gutiérrez A.C. , Moreno J.C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Calculations of the ratio of the absorbed dose in a grain of CaSO4:Dy to the dose in air (fc/z) were made using the well known Burlin's cavity theory and the new one proposed by Kearsley. Values of fc/z as a function of phosphor powder particle size were determined experimentally for X rays of 10 and 30 keV and for 60Co gamma rays. Comparisons between experimental and the two theories were made. Our experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the theories of Burlin and Kearsley.
Design of a TLD Reader Incorporating a Carbon Dioxide Laser Heater
Authors: Abhold M.E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Conventional TLD readers suffer from irreproducible heating rates due to variable thermal contact between the crystal and the heated surface. Variations in the thermal contact also limit the maximum heating rate that a conventional resistively heated TLD reader can reproducibly deliver. A microprocessor controlled TLD reader with a carbon dioxide laser type heater has been designed and constructed to provide higher heating rates than those available from resistively heated readers and to minimise variations in the heating rate. To accomplish this, the reader employs a power stabilisation circuit including both laser head temperature stabilisation and calorimetric power feedback stabilisation. Data acquisition is accomplished using an IBM-PC compatible computer coupled to an analogue to digital convertor. The reader has been used in LiF TLD glow curve analysis with an emphasis on the light emission spectrum. The high heating rates provided by the laser reader improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the light measurements. The design of the reader and the knowledge gained from operating experience is presented.
Microdosimetry in the Build-up Region of Gamma Ray Beams
Authors: Tilikidis A. , Brahme A. , Lindborg L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A microdosimetric system based on a spherical wall-less proportional counter has been developed for measurements under non-equilibrium conditions. The wall-less counter reduces the differences in the slowing down and scattering properties between detector and medium present in ordinary ionisation chamber measurements, and the low gas pressure minimises the perturbation of the sample electron fluence. Measurements have been performed in the build-up region of both ordinary (but free of contaminating electrons) and clean (i.e. without backscattering and with filtration of the contaminating photons and free of contaminating electrons) gamma ray beams for a simulated target diameter of 2 µm. The results showed fast radiation quality variations in the build-up region of ordinary gamma ray beams due to the rapid build-up of low energy contaminating photons from the source and collimators. The dose mean lineal energy in the first millimetre of depth in an ordinary 60Co beam, 50 mm in diameter is reduced by as much as 34% compared with the value at the dose maximum. Separation of the dose components showed that 5% of this reduction is due to the backscattering while the introduction of a low energy photon filter between the source and the counter could only explain 4% of the reduction. Absorbed dose calculations showed that the surface dose for this ordinary 60Co beam is 11% and that backscattering corresponds to 14% of this dose and the contaminating photons to 6%.
The Role of Annealing: Effect on CaSO4:Dy Phosphor with Manganese and Sodium Impurities
Authors: Li S.-H. , Hsu P.-C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of the annealing treatment on the CaSO4:Dy phosphor with Mn and Na impurities was studied at different annealing temperatures from 100 oC to 800 oC. Doping with or without impurity caused no difference in the properties for temperatures less than 400 oC. An annealing temperature greater than 400 oC brings a reduction in low temperature peak intensities of CaSO4:Dy with Na only. The high temperature peak intensities increase as the temperature increases from 400 oC to 600 oC. However, annealing at a temperature greater than 600 oC brings a drastic reduction in high temperature peak intensities as well as TL output.
People-centred integration in a refugee primary care service
Authors: Phillips Christine , Hall Sally , Elmitt Nicholas , Bookallil Marianne , Douglas Kirsty 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Services for refugees and asylum seekers frequently experience gaps in delivery and access, poor coordination, and service stress. The purpose of this paper is to examine the approach to integrated care within Companion House (CH), a refugee primary care service, whose service mix includes counselling, medical care, community development, and advocacy. Like all Australian refugee and asylum seeker support services, CH operates within an uncertain policy environment, constantly adapting to funding challenges, and changing needs of patient populations.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews with staff, social network analysis, group patient interviews, and service mapping.

Findings
CH has created fluid links between teams, and encouraged open dialogue with client populations. There is a high level of networking between staff, much of it informal. This is underpinned by horizontal management and staff commitment to a shared mission and an ethos of mutual respect. The clinical teams are collectively oriented towards patients but not necessarily towards each other.

Research limitations/implications
Part of the service’s resilience and ongoing service orientation is due to the fostering of an emergent self-organising form of integration through a complex adaptive systems approach. The outcome of this integration is characterised through the metaphors of “home” for patients, and “family” for staff. CH’s model of integration has relevance for other services for marginalised populations with complex service needs.

Originality/value
This study provides new evidence on the importance of both formal and informal communication, and that limited formal integration between clinical teams is no bar to integration as an outcome for patients.
Effect of precursors on the anti-corrosion property of silica encapsulated waterborne aluminium pigments
Authors: Ma Zhiling , Qiao Yanjun , Wen Yajing , Wang Xianling , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the effect of precursors on the anticorrosion property of silica encapsulated waterborne aluminium pigments (WBAPs).

Design/methodology/approach
The silica encapsulated WBAPs were prepared using different siloxanes as precursors. The anchorage and compactness of silica films on aluminium flakes were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. The anticorrosion property and glossiness of WBAPs were evaluated.

Findings
The effect of precursors on anticorrosion property of silica encapsulated WBAPs is reflected from the anchorage and the compactness of silica on aluminium flakes surface. Furthermore, the structure of γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane benefits the anchorage and the compatibility between pigment and acrylic resin. Neither high nor low ratio of tetraethoxysilane/γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is favourable to the anchorage and formation of dense silica film on the aluminium flakes surface. To obtain perfect WBAP, the precursors of silica must be carefully selected.

Research limitations/implications
Only four kinds of precursors were used in this work; other precursors could also be studied.

Practical implications
The investigation results provide theoretical basis to obtain excellent WBAPs.

Originality/value
The method to investigate anticorrosion property of WBAPs that is based on the effect of precursors on the performance of silica was novel.
From humble beginnings … the evolution of the FRACS (Urology)
Authors: Pirpiris Athina , Chung Amanda S. J. , Rashid Prem 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSurgery has a rich and colourful history dating as far back as, at least, the Neolithic period. There have been many advances in knowledge and technology, as well as changes to working conditions and public perception and expectations. The urology training programme is jointly managed by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand. Urological training in Australia and New Zealand has undergone a number of changes over the years.MethodsA PubMed search was performed to find articles related to surgical training and, more specifically, urological training in Australia and New Zealand. The search terms that were used included ‘urology training’, ‘surgical training’, ‘Australian urology history’ and ‘New Zealand urology history’.ResultsThis narrative review outlines the origin and history of this training programme and describes the changes that have led to the current model of urology training. It also relates some of the current and future challenges faced as the training programme continues to evolve in order to improve its ability to train future urologists to meet the needs of the community and to ensure public safety.ConclusionThe urological training programme has evolved a number of times in order to tackle the challenges presented by evolving technology, community expectation and the needs of the trainee.
Diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography in recurrent/metastatic ovarian cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Bo , Ma Jun , Jiang Guojing , Wang Yu , Ma Qingliang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to assess and compare the overall diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) alone and PET/computed tomography (CT) for the detection of recurrent/metastatic ovarian cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese literature databases (CNKI, VIP and Wanfang) up to August 2014 was performed to identify relevant articles. The diagnostic performance of PET alone or PET/CT was assessed in terms of the following evaluation indexes: summary sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve summary receiver operating characteristics.ResultsSixty‐four studies with 3722 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. Favorable results were obtained for both PET/CT and PET alone with similar sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve in diagnosing recurrent/metastatic ovarian cancer (P > 0.05). However, the sensitivity of PET/CT was significantly higher than PET alone in European patients.ConclusionsBoth PET and PET/CT have promising diagnostic value in recurrent/metastatic ovarian cancer. The diagnostic performance of PET/CT may be superior to PET alone in European patients.
Australian Aboriginal Children with Otitis Media Have Reduced Antibody Titers to Specific Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Antigens
Authors: Thornton Ruth B. , Kirkham Lea-Ann S. , Corscadden Karli J. , Wiertsema Selma P. , Fuery Angela , Jones B. Jan , Coates Harvey L. , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Zhang Guicheng , Keil Anthony , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Indigenous populations experience high rates of otitis media (OM), with increased chronicity and severity, compared to those experienced by their nonindigenous counterparts. Data on immune responses to otopathogenic bacteria in these high-risk populations are lacking. Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHi) is the predominant otopathogen in Australia. No vaccines are currently licensed to target NTHi; however, protein D (PD) from NTHi is included as a carrier protein in the 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PHiD10-CV), and other promising protein vaccine candidates exist, including outer membrane protein 4 (P4) and protein 6 (P6). We measured the levels of serum and salivary IgA and IgG against PD, P4, and P6 in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children with chronic OM who were undergoing surgery and compared the levels with those in healthy non-Aboriginal children (controls). We found that Aboriginal cases had lower serum IgG titers to all NTHi proteins assessed, particularly PD. In contrast, serum IgA and salivary IgA and IgG titers to each of these 3 proteins were equivalent to or higher than those in both non-Aboriginal cases and healthy controls. While serum antibody levels increased with age in healthy controls, no changes in titers were observed with age in non-Aboriginal cases, and a trend toward decreasing titers with age was observed in Aboriginal cases. This suggests that decreased serum IgG responses to NTHi outer membrane proteins may contribute to the development of chronic and severe OM in Australian Aboriginal children and other indigenous populations. These data are important for understanding the potential benefits of PHiD10-CV implementation and the development of NTHi protein-based vaccines for indigenous populations.
Postprandial lipemia and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Kats Dmitry , Sharrett A Richey , Ginsberg Henry N , Nambi Vijay , Ballantyne Christie M , Hoogeveen Ron C , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveExcessive levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during postprandial lipemia (PPL) have been reported to be atherogenic. However, it is unclear whether the degree of PPL independently predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) given the scarcity of longitudinal data with standardised measures of postprandial change. We reexamined associations of PPL with incident CVD events in a population-based cohort using detailed measures of postprandial change from a standardised fat challenge.Research design and methodsPostprandial triglycerides, TG-rich lipoprotein triglycerides, retinyl palmitate and apolipoprotein B48 to B100 ratio were measured before (following a 12-hour fasting period) and after a fat-tolerance test meal in a middle-aged, biracial subcohort without CVD (coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke) from the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study in 1990–1993. Using these measures, we estimated associations of postprandial change with incident CVD (CHD, stroke) through 2012. Stratified analyses by race, obesity and carotid atherosclerotic severity were also conducted.ResultsOf 559 participants, 127 (23%) developed CHD and 27 (5%) experienced a stroke over more than 20 years of follow-up. None of the measures of postprandial change were associated with incident CVD events in the overall sample, or by subgroups of race, obesity or carotid atherosclerotic severity (all p>0.3).ConclusionsThe degree of PPL was not shown to predict excess CVD risk in extended follow-up of a population-based sample. While our study is the largest to examine the association between PPL and incident CVD using standardised postfat challenge measures, prospective investigation with similar assessment of PPL in more powered samples is warranted.
Single-visit or multiple-visit root canal treatment: systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Göstemeyer Gerd 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesSingle-visit root canal treatment has some advantages over conventional multivisit treatment, but might increase the risk of complications. We systematically evaluated the risk of complications after single-visit or multiple-visit root canal treatment using meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis.DataControlled trials comparing single-visit versus multiple-visit root canal treatment of permanent teeth were included. Trials needed to assess the risk of long-term complications (pain, infection, new/persisting/increasing periapical lesions ≥1 year after treatment), short-term pain or flare-up (acute exacerbation of initiation or continuation of root canal treatment).SourcesElectronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central) were screened, random-effects meta-analyses performed and trial-sequential analysis used to control for risk of random errors. Evidence was graded according to GRADE.Study selection29 trials (4341 patients) were included, all but 6 showing high risk of bias. Based on 10 trials (1257 teeth), risk of complications was not significantly different in single-visit versus multiple-visit treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.00 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.35); weak evidence). Based on 20 studies (3008 teeth), risk of pain did not significantly differ between treatments (RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.30); moderate evidence). Risk of flare-up was recorded by 8 studies (1110 teeth) and was significantly higher after single-visit versus multiple-visit treatment (RR 2.13 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.89); very weak evidence). Trial-sequential analysis revealed that firm evidence for benefit, harm or futility was not reached for any of the outcomes.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to rule out whether important differences between both strategies exist.Clinical significanceDentists can provide root canal treatment in 1 or multiple visits. Given the possibly increased risk of flare-ups, multiple-visit treatment might be preferred for certain teeth (eg, those with periapical lesions).
Use of the 0.027-inch VIA microcatheter for delivery of Pipeline Flex: a technical note
Authors: Lin Li-Mei , Colby Geoffrey P , Bender Matthew T , Xu Risheng , Huang Judy , Tamargo Rafael J , Coon Alexander L 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic Neurovascular, Irvine, California, USA) is designed for delivery through a 0.027″ microcatheter. Challenges with the second-generation PED Flex include limited support from the Marksman microcatheter for consistent resheathing and transmission of push forces for device delivery. The VIA27 (Sequent Medical/MicroVention Terumo, Tustin, California, USA) is an alternative 0.027″ microcatheter originally designed for intrasaccular flow diverter delivery. Here we describe our experience with the VIA27 in the delivery of PED Flex.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who underwent PED Flex treatment with the VIA27 microcatheter at our institution. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, equipment utilized, and procedural details were documented.ResultsA total of 127 cases were completed using the VIA27 microcatheter for PED Flex implantation. Mean patient age was 56.8±12.4 years (range 21–86 years). All but one of the cases were treatments for intracranial aneurysms. Average aneurysm size was 6.5±6 mm (range 2–38 mm). Of the 127 cases, 120 (95%) were anterior circulation cases and 7 (6%) were posterior circulation cases. Significant cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) tortuosity was present in 33/120 cases (28%). Moderate to severe cavernous ICA tortuosity was present in 54/120 cases (45%). Mean fluoroscopy time was 34.1±22.7 min. Large diameter PED devices (4.5–5 mm) were used in 42/127 cases (33%). Balloon post-processing of the PED was used in 15/127 cases (12%) to improve vessel wall apposition of the PED.ConclusionsThe VIA27 is a microcatheter capable of successful PED Flex delivery in neurointervention. We have shown its utility in enhancing both resheathing and push for optimal PED Flex implantation. The VIA27 microcatheter may be a useful and safe adjunct to the traditional Marksman microcatheter in PED Flex treatment of the cerebrovasculature.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Smoking Cessation in Arkansas, 2014
Authors: Ekanem Uwemedimbuk S. , Cardenas Victor M. , Cen Ruiqi , Simon Wanda , Chedjieu Irene P. , Woodward Morgan , Delongchamp Robert R. , Wheeler J. Gary 
Published: February 2017

Objectives: As of October 2015, evidence needed to make a recommendation about the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for smoking cessation was limited. We used the 2014 Arkansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with additional state-specific questions to determine the prevalence of ENDS use, the impact of ENDS use on smoking cessation, and beliefs about ENDS use in Arkansas. Our objectives were to determine if (1) ENDS use was associated with lower odds of quitting smoking, (2) ENDS users believed that ENDS use was not harmful to their health, and (3) ENDS users believed that switching to ENDS reduced their tobacco-related health risks. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4465 respondents to the Arkansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and used weighted analyses to account for the complex survey design. We used a subset of records formed by (1) formers smokers who quitted smoking in the last 5 years and (2) current smokers to assess the odds of quitting. Results: In 2014, 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0%-7.4%) of Arkansas adults were currently using ENDS. Of the 1083 participants who were current smokers or had quit smoking within the past 5 years, 515 (54.1%) had used ENDS. Of the 515 ENDS users, 404 (80.3%) had continued smoking. ENDS use was significantly associated with reduced odds of quitting smoking (weighted odds ratio = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34-0.83). Although 2437 of 3808 participants (62.5%) believed that it was harmful for nonsmokers to start using ENDS and 1793 of 3658 participants (47.0%) believed that switching to ENDS did not reduce tobacco-related health risks, only 80 of 165 (41.3%) and 50 of 168 (33.9%) ENDS users shared these same respective beliefs. Conclusions: Most smokers who indicated smoking in the past 5 years and who tried ENDS did not stop smoking. ENDS use was inversely associated with smoking cessation. Tobacco cessation programs should tell cigarette smokers that ENDS use may not help them quit smoking.
A Multimodal Intervention for Children with ADHD Reduces Inequity in Health and Education Outcomes
Authors: Enns Jennifer E. , Randall Jason R. , Smith Mark , Chateau Dan , Taylor Carole , Brownell Marni , Bolton James M. , Burland Elaine , Katz Alan , Katz Laurence Y. , Nickel Nathan C. 
Published: February 2017

Objective:To evaluate whether a multimodal intervention for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) resulted in better long-term health and education outcomes and reduced inequity across the socioeconomic gradient.Method:We analyzed administrative data held in the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository describing recipients of a combined pharmacological/behavioural intervention for ADHD. The study cohort included children aged 5 to 17 years who visited the Manitoba Adolescent Treatment Centre’s ADHD intervention service at least 3 times (2007-2012). Controls were matched on age, sex, year of ADHD diagnosis, and income quintile. We compared rates of hospital and emergency department visits, medication use and adherence, contact with child welfare services, and whether children were in their age-appropriate grade. We used concentration curves to estimate differences in outcomes between children from high- and low-income families.Results:Children who received the intervention ( n = 485) had higher rates of medication use (rate ratio [RR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.36) and adherence (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.96) and were more likely to be in their age-appropriate grade (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.63) compared with controls ( n = 1884). The intervention was also associated with reduced inequity in these outcomes across income deciles. There was no difference in the rates of hospital or emergency department visits or contacts with child welfare services.Conclusions:A multimodal ADHD intervention was associated with increased medication use and adherence and higher academic achievement. It was also related to lower inequity across the socioeconomic gradient. These results suggest that multimodal approaches may provide more equitable health and education outcomes for children with ADHD.