bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacinioma of Lumbosacral Skin in Closed Spinal Dysraphism
Authors: Johnston Bryan , Campbell Katelynn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClosed spinal dysraphism (CSD) is a congenital condition caused by a failure in secondary neurulation during embryogenesis. CSD is associated with characteristic cutaneous stigmata often identified clinically. Rarely, such stigmata have been reported to occur with complex congenital intraspinal lipomas containing Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia. Herein, we present our case of an asymptomatic 8‐month‐old female who presented with a midline lumbosacral acrochordon‐like lesion. MRI revealed a midline lipomatous lesion at S2–S3 with a fibrovascular stalk likely continuous with the acrochordon. Given the absence of neurological symptoms concerning tethered cord syndrome (TCS), only the skin lesion was removed for cosmesis. Subsequent histopathological examination revealed numerous Pacinian corpuscles in a background of dermal collagen and subcutaneous adipose tissue. No features suggested a co‐existent peripheral nerve sheath lesion (such as a neurofibroma). Given the spinal cord abnormalities, and the histologic features of a pure proliferation of Pacinian corpuscles, a diagnosis of the so‐called “Pacinioma” was made. To the best of our knowledge, only four other cases of complex intraspinal lipomatous lesions containing Pacinioma in the setting of CSD with a tethered cord have been previously reported. This case highlights the complexity of the cutaneous stigmata of CSD.
Bridging the gap through telemedicine: Pilot study on the acceptance and use of teledermatology for urticaria
Authors: Hindelang Michael , Sitaru Sebastian , Fischer Chiara , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, treatment is still unsatisfactory. Telemedicine offers a promising solution to improve treatment. This pilot study assesses the acceptability and utilization of a digital health model for CSU, examines its impact on disease management, and identifies technical challenges.Patients and MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, CSU patients at a university hospital in Germany were included. Over 12 months, participants interacted with physicians via a telemedicine platform, which was the study‐specific intervention. After each three‐month digital visit, symptoms and quality of life were assessed using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs) and online questionnaires. In the end, patients and doctors rated the overall satisfaction, the user‐friendliness of the platform and the technical challenges.Results24 patients completed the study. The majority (92%) reported that the digital concept could be a promising alternative to traditional consultations. Analysis from baseline to end of study revealed that disease control remained stable while quality of life improved. All physicians found the digital application reliable and time‐saving.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and high acceptance of a digital health model for the management of CSU. Further research with larger cohorts is needed and planned to determine broader applicability.
The diabetes annual review in a postal box: A qualitative study exploring the views of people living with diabetes (DiaBox‐Qual)
Authors: Colley Jack , Hughes Stephanie , Dambha‐Miller Hajira , Price Hermione 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe diabetes annual review is an important part of clinical care. Non‐attendance is increasingly common and associated with poor health outcomes. At‐home self‐collection of blood tests, urine samples and anthropometric data through a postal box may facilitate engagement. We aimed to explore the views of people living with diabetes on the use of a postal box as an alternative to usual care for self‐collecting blood samples, urine samples and anthropometric data and to understand whether the availability of a postal box would facilitate the uptake of the diabetes annual review.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with adults who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a high representation of infrequent attendees of annual review appointments within the study population. Transcripts were collated and analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty participants took part including eight infrequent attendees. All infrequent attendees and most regular attendees responded positively to a postal box, with convenience being the most prominent value described. Concerns raised related to capability of self‐collection and the accuracy of results. Participants were asked for suggestions to improve the postal box. The most common themes related to communication; needing clearer information about each test in the postal box; feedback of results; and utilising the box to communicate priorities for discussion at future consultations.ConclusionPostal boxes for annual reviews were well‐received by those living with diabetes. Designed well, they have the potential to overcome more than just the physical barriers to annual review attendance.
The associations between functional vitamin K status and all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and end‐stage kidney disease in persons with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Friis Bryde Nielsen Camilla , Møller Thysen Sanne , Bach Kampmann Freja , Hansen Tine Willum , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Tofte Nete , Abitz Winther Signe , Theilade Simone , Rossing Peter , Frimodt‐Møller Marie , Linneberg Allan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimVitamin K deficiency is common in persons with kidney disease, which is a known complication of diabetes. We aimed to assess the association of vitamin K status as reflected by plasma dephosphorylated‐uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp‐ucMGP) with mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and progression to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) in persons with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe analysed plasma dp‐ucMGP in stored baseline samples from a cohort of 667 persons with type 1 diabetes (baseline visit: 2009–2011). Information on mortality and CVD was obtained through linkage to registers. Cox‐proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality, CVD and ESKD per one doubling of dp‐ucMGP.ResultsA total of 53 deaths were recorded during follow‐up. Persons with higher dp‐ucMGP (reflecting lower vitamin K status) had higher mortality in the unadjusted model (HR: 2.06 [95% confidence interval—CI: 1.22–3.45]), but not in the fully adjusted model (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.44–1.73]). Particularly, adjustment for glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion rate attenuated the HR. A similar pattern was observed in unadjusted models for incidence of CVD (HR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.03–2.42]) and risk of ESKD (HR: 7.62 [95% CI: 4.25–13.68]). In the fully adjusted models, the HRs became statistically insignificant.ConclusionIn persons with type 1 diabetes, lower vitamin K status was associated with higher mortality, CVD and progression to ESKD, however, not after adjustment for other risk factors. Interventional studies are needed to elucidate the role of vitamin K in persons with type 1 diabetes.
Effect of Temperature on Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Age at Sexual Maturity
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Cuddington Kim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBlack Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is one of the four invasive Asian Carp species (Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis; Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella; and Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in North America. As benthic predators, Black Carp poses ecological risks to unionids within the Great Lakes and could bring other changes to local benthic communities. One means of assessing invasion risk and potential impact is to determine how critical life history characteristics depend on environmental conditions in new regions. Age at sexual maturity is negatively correlated to the maximum per capita population growth rate and thus can be used to estimate potential population growth for invasive species. Previous studies have found a significant negative relationship between age at maturity and temperature for all three other Asian Carp species, but not for Black Carp. With a more comprehensive dataset, we demonstrate that the same relationship exists for Black Carp. Winter duration is the best predictor of Black Carp age at maturity, followed by average winter air temperature. This significant relationship between age at maturity and temperature was not altered in artificial growing environments. Our results suggested that for Black Carp, temperatures in the winter months are more important for its energy accumulation and maturation and may determine invasion risk in northern locations, such as tributaries of the Great Lakes.
Peruvian origin and global invasions of five continents by the highly damaging agricultural pest Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Scheffer Sonja J. , Lewis Matthew L. , Mujica Norma , MacVean Charles , Blanco‐Metzler Helga , Joshi Ravindra C. , Jacobsen Frode 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdentification of the geographic origin of invasive species can be critical to effective management and amelioration of negative impacts in the introduced range. Liriomyza huidobrensis is a polyphagous leafmining fly that is a devastating pest of many vegetable and floriculture crops around the world. Considered native to South and possibly Central America, L. huidobrensis became invasive in the 1980s and has since spread to at least 30 countries on five continents. We used phylogeographic analysis of over 2 kb of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II sequence data from 403 field‐collected specimens from both native and introduced populations to investigate the geographic origins of invasive L. huidobrensis worldwide. Within South America, there was substantial genetic variation, as well as the strong phylogeographic structure typical of a native range. In contrast, leafminers from the introduced range and Central America all contained little genetic variation and shared the same small set of haplotypes. These haplotypes trace to Peru as the ultimate geographic origin of invasive populations. Central America is rejected as part of the original geographic range of L. huidobrensis. Within Peru, the primary export region of Lima shared an extremely similar pattern of reduced haplotype variation to the invasive populations. An additional 18 specimens collected at US ports of entry did not share the same haplotype profile as contemporary invasive populations, raising perplexing questions on global pathways and establishment success in this species.
Oral Administration of Taurodeoxycholate, A GPCR19 Agonist, Effectively Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in A Mouse Model
Authors: Ghaderpour Aziz , Jeong Ju‐Young , Koh Young‐Jae , Seong Seung‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterised by intense pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. Recently, the US FDA has approved Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for oral treatment in AD patients. However, oral immunomodulatory agents have demonstrated adverse effects. In previous studies, we demonstrated the efficacy of topical taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), a G protein‐coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19) agonist, on AD. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of orally administered TDCA on MC903‐ and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)‐induced AD mouse models. Oral administration of TDCA significantly ameliorated AD symptoms and reduced both epidermal and dermal thickness. Additionally, oral TDCA treatment inhibited the infiltration of myeloid and lymphoid cells into AD lesions. TDCA also suppressed the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, IL‐33, IL‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 17 in the skin and blood. Given the previously demonstrated safety profiles of TDCA, oral TDCA may offer a beneficial and safer alternative for AD patients.
Interaction Between Climate Change Scenarios and Biological Invasion Reveals Complex Cascading Effects in Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Rodrigues Tauany , Kratina Pavel , Setubal Rayanne B. , Ferro Joseph L. S. , Hideki Abe Douglas , Costa Luiza O. , Casa Nova Clarice , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Pires Aliny P. F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change often facilitates biological invasions, leading to potential interactive impacts of these global drivers on freshwater ecosystems. Although climatic mitigation efforts may reduce the magnitude of these interactive impacts, we are still missing experimental evidence for such effects under multiple climate change scenarios within a multi‐trophic framework. To address this knowledge gap, we experimentally compared the independent and interactive effects of two climate change scenarios (mitigation and business‐as‐usual) and biological invasion on the biomass of major freshwater trophic groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton, macroinvertebrates, and a native macrophyte) and the decomposition rate of allochthonous material. Among the independent effects, we found that the business‐as‐usual climate treatment resulted in lower native macrophyte biomass and higher periphyton biomass compared to the climatic baseline and mitigation treatments. This indicates the potential of climate change to alter the relative dominance of different freshwater producers and demonstrates that climate mitigation efforts can counteract these effects. Biological invasion alone increased the biomass of chironomids, a dominant macroinvertebrate group in tropical freshwater ecosystems, demonstrating a compensatory effect on climate change. Climate change and biological invasion interactively reduced the decomposition rate of allochthonous detritus, likely mediated by the feeding preference of abundant chironomids for periphytic algae associated with the presence of non‐native macrophytes. We concluded that (i) climatic mitigation can maintain climate baseline conditions in freshwater ecosystems, and (ii) the interactive effects between future climate scenarios and biological invasion are related to complex cascading interactions among trophic groups on ecosystem processes.
Nutrient Addition Enhances the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition Across Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Chen Chen , Pei Junmin , Li Bo , Fang Changming , Nie Ming , Li Jinquan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAtmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions have been shown to alter nutrient availability in terrestrial ecosystems and thus largely influence soil carbon cycling processes. However, the general pattern of nutrient‐induced changes in the temperature response of soil carbon decomposition is unknown. Yet, understanding this pattern is crucial in terms of its effect on soil carbon–climate feedback. Here, we report that N and P additions significantly increase the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition (Q10) by sampling soils from 36 sites across China's forests. We found that N, P, and their co‐addition (NP) significantly increased the Q10 by 11.3%, 11.5%, and 23.9%, respectively. The enhancement effect of nutrient addition on Q10 was more evident in soils from warm regions than in those from cold regions. Moreover, we found that nutrient‐induced changes in substrate availability and initial substrate and nutrient availability mainly regulated nutrient addition effects. Our findings highlight that N and P deposition enhances the temperature response of soil carbon decomposition, suggesting that N and P deposition should be incorporated into Earth system models to improve the projections of soil carbon feedback to climate change.
Prospects for Neotropical Forest Birds and Their Habitats Under Contrasting Emissions Scenarios
Authors: Brawn Jeffrey D. , Luther David , Qu Mingxin , Farinelli Sarah M. , Cooper W. Justin , Fu Rong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCurrent and near future climate policy will fundamentally influence the integrity of ecological systems. The Neotropics is a region where biodiversity is notably high and precipitation regimes largely determine the ecology of most organisms. We modeled possible changes in the severity of seasonal aridity by 2100 throughout the Neotropics and used birds to illustrate the implications of contrasting climate scenarios for the region's biodiversity. Under SSP‐8.5, a pessimistic and hopefully unlikely scenario, longer dry seasons (> 5%), and increased moisture stress are projected for about 75% of extant lowland forests throughout the entire region with impacts on 66% of the region's lowland forest avifauna, which comprises over 3000 species and about 30% of all bird species globally. Longer dry seasons are predicted to be especially significant in the Caribbean, Upper South America, and Amazonia. In contrast, under SSP‐2.6—a scenario with significant climate mitigation—only about 10% of the entire region's forest area and 3% of its avifauna will be exposed to longer dry seasons. The extent of current forest cover that may plausibly function as precipitation‐based climate refugia (i.e., < 5% change in length of dry periods) for constituent biodiversity is over 4 times greater under SSP‐2.6 than with SSP‐8.5. Moreover, the proportion of currently protected areas that overlap putative refugia areas is nearly 4 times greater under SSP‐2.6. Taken together, our results illustrate that climate policy will have profound outcomes for biodiversity throughout the Neotropics—even in areas where deforestation and other immediate threats are not currently in play.
Loss of a single Zn finger, but not that of two Zn fingers, of GATA3 drives skin inflammation
Authors: Iguchi Tomohiro , Toma‐Hirano Makiko , Takanashi Masakatsu , Masai Hisao , Miyatake Shoichiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTranscription factor GATA3 is essential for the developmental processes of T cells. Recently, the silencer of a cytokine IFNγ gene was identified, the inhibitory activity of which requires GATA3. GATA3 has 2 Zn fingers and the commonly used GATA3 deficient mice lack both fingers (D2). We have established a mouse line that lacks only one Zn finger close to the C terminus (D1). The D1 mice line developed dermatitis, which was not observed in D2 mice. The expression of S100a8/S100a9 was elevated in D1 to a level higher than in D2, suggesting their roles in dermatitis development. CD8 T cells of both D1 and D2 lines expressed inhibitory receptors associated with the exhausted state. In the absence of MHC class II, the skin inflammation was exacerbated in both lines. The gene expression pattern of CD8 T cells became similar to that of effector T cells. Blocking Ab against LAG3 upregulated the expression of the effector molecules of T cells. These results suggest that the disfunction of GATA3 can lead to the spontaneous activation of CD8 T cells that causes skin inflammation, and that suppressive activity of MHC class II ‐ LAG3 interaction ameliorates dermatitis development.
Monitoring spatiotemporal patterns in the genetic diversity of a European butterfly species
Authors: Greenwell Matthew P. , Botham Marc S. , Bruford Michael W. , Day John C. , Gibbs Melanie , Høye Toke T. , Maes Dirk , Middlebrook Ian , Musche Martin , Pettersson Lars B. , Roy David B. , Settele Josef , Stefanescu Constantí , Teder Tiit , Thomas Nia E. , Watts Kevin , Oliver Tom H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The importance of genetic diversity has been recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity but attempts at monitoring or improving the genetic diversity of populations have been minimal.
Here, we investigate changes over time in the genetic diversity of a wild insect species, Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and present a large‐scale investigation into contemporary spatial genetic diversity.
Using microsatellite markers, we calculate multiple measures of genetic diversity and divergence for M. jurtina populations over 8 years in the UK and compare these findings with long‐term abundance trends.
We also conduct a large‐scale spatial analysis into the genetic diversity and population structuring of M. jurtina across Europe.
All UK populations sampled have high levels of gene flow and genetic diversity, with genetic diversity stable over time.
Across Europe, we find some population structuring between populations in the UK and the European mainland, suggesting restricted geneflow between the two regions.
The monitoring of a wild species' genetic diversity is an achievable aim, and one that could be carried out for many species, particularly Lepidoptera. Future approaches may aim to develop higher resolution genetic markers and cover a wider range of species.
The use of abundance data offers additional insight, and we find that concurrent, dedicated genetic monitoring can provide effective tracking of biodiversity trends.
Assessment of palpitations in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions
Authors: Gao Yue , Jiang Rui , Liu Yan , Li Zi‐xuan , Xu Xin‐he , Li Shi‐jie , Li Xian‐jin , Han Bing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), palpitations may not always be directly caused by PVCs, and therefore, it is essential to establish symptom‐rhythm correlations to determine the appropriate treatment. This study aims to analyze the palpitations and related factors in patients with frequent PVCs.MethodsThe study enrolled patients with frequent PVCs who were not combined with other arrhythmias or structural heart disease. Through face‐to‐face consultation, patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. For symptomatic patients, the correlation between palpitations and PVC was further evaluated based on the temporal consistency of symptom onset and PVC occurrence. The demographic, clinical, and electrocardiogram features of the patients in each group were compared.ResultsOf the 214 patients enrolled, 124(57.9%) experienced palpitations. Compared to the asymptomatic group, the symptomatic group had a higher proportion of females (63.7% vs. 47.8%; p = .020) and a higher proportion of subjects with anxiety (44.4% vs.14.4%; p = .000). Within the symptomatic patients, 72 (33.60%) who had palpitations that were clearly correlated with PVCs were classified as the PVC‐relevant group. In this group, the PVC CI ratios were significantly lower (55% [52% −60%] vs. 62% [55% −67%]; p = .001) and the Post‐PVC CI were longer (1170 [1027–1270] vs. 1083 [960–1180] ms; p = .018) than in the PVC‐irrelevant group.ConclusionA direct relationship between palpitations and PVCs could be established only in a minority of patients with frequent PVCs. PVCs with a relatively short PVC CI and a long post‐PVC CI were more likely to cause palpitations, whereas palpitations lasting only a few seconds were more likely to be directly relevant to PVCs.