bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-house calibration of UHPLC for determination of aflatoxins in groundnuts and red chili
Authors: Rao Saroja Narsing , Vennapusa Chandra Sekhara Reddy , Patil Shruti , Kumari Monika , Naik Nagaraj M , Prabhuraj A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Routine internal calibration is necessary to evaluate the performance of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC); therefore, false negative and false positive results are avoided. Herein, we report a detailed internal calibration protocol and validation procedure for the determination of aflatoxins in groundnuts and red chili plants via UHPLC to comply with the requirements of ISO/IEC: 17025. The validated parameters included the flow rate accuracy, injector accuracy, temperature accuracy, system precision, photodiode detector, detector linearity, injector linearity, gradient proportion test, fluorescence detector linearity and wavelength accuracy results. The obtained percent deviation, relative standard deviation and r2 values for injector accuracy, system precision and calibration curves were -0.77, 0.78 and ≥ 0.999, respectively. During the development of the aflatoxin analysis scope, internally calibrated UHPLC was used for separating the aflatoxin mixture at a concentration of 5 µg/kg in the ground nut and red chili matrices. Witness test results revealed that the quantification of individual aflatoxins at 0.5 µg/kg in the red chili matrix was achievable. A stability assessment of the aflatoxin standards solubilized in the solvent was achieved by generating control plots, and uncertainties were also measured.
Normative convergence between global health security and universal health coverage: a qualitative analysis of international health negotiations in the wake of COVID-19
Authors: Lal Arush , Wenham Clare , Parkhurst Justin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the WHO Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023) underscored the importance of mitigating health emergencies alongside ensuring accessible and affordable health services. Key to these efforts are global health security (GHS) and universal health coverage (UHC), which serve as both standalone goals as well as cross-cutting approaches to health policy and practice. While GHS and UHC each function as distinct norms, global health stakeholders increasingly argue that advancing them synergistically may better address interconnected health challenges amidst greater resource constraints. However, little is understood about the extent of convergence between GHS and UHC norms, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study assesses normative convergence between GHS and UHC by tracing their development through iterative draft texts across two recent international health negotiations – specifically unpacking the expression of UHC norms in the WHO Pandemic Agreement, and GHS norms in the 2023 UNGA Political Declaration on Universal Health Coverage.
Results
The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic created a policy window uniquely-positioned to foster normative convergence between GHS and UHC. Both international agreements advanced GHS and UHC convergence by demonstrating increased complementarity and interdependency between the two norms. However, sustaining this proved difficult, as negotiators made political and operational trade-offs which sometimes undermined normative convergence.
Conclusions
This study provides a nuanced account of how global health norms evolve through integration in complex policy environments – finding that normative convergence may not always be explicit, but rather implicit through incremental linkages in their underlying discourse and core functions. This research contributes to pragmatic efforts by global health actors seeking consensus amidst an era of polycrisis, and highlights the importance of navigating geopolitics and overcoming path dependencies. It also enhances scholarly understanding of the dynamic process of norm convergence through health diplomacy.
Mild hypothermia alleviates cardiomyocyte necroptosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation by regulating TRPV1
Authors: Yin Meixian , Liu Chuiliang , Zhu Yifan , Zhan Haohong , Lu Yuanzheng , Liu Keke , Lu Yawen , Zhang Sibo , Zhang Chenyu , Liu Rong , Li Yingqing , Guo Zhiyong , He Xiaoshun , Hu Chunlin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Therapeutic mild hypothermia (MH) is expected to improve the neurological outcome and the survival rate of CPR after cardiac arrest (CA). However, the mechanisms by which MH protects cardiomyocytes remain largely unexplored.
Methods In this study, three- to four-month-old male Wistar rats, weighing between 319.1 and 480.0 grams, were randomly divided into normothermia (NT) groups (acceptable range, 36.0-38.0°C) and MH groups (acceptable range, 32-34°C). Ten minutes after CA, CPR was perfumed with a slow injection of 0.30-0.50 mL epinephrine solution (30.00 μg/mL). Moreover, to investigate the role of TRPV1, capsaicin was administered through the right femoral artery in both NT and MH groups.
Results We found that MH improved the spontaneous breathing recovery, increased survival rate, and inhibited cardiac necroptosis in Wistar rats after CPR. Additionally, MH alleviated primary cardiomyocytes necroptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion through upregulating TRPV1, downregulating EGFR, and subsequently suppressing MLKL. Furthermore, the combination of capsaicin, a TRPV1 activator, with MH enhanced blood pressure in Wistar rats after CPR compared to MH alone. Capsaicin improved the spontaneous breathing rate and survival rate of Wistar rats after CPR.
Conclusions MH may protect cardiac function by mitigating cardiomyocyte necroptosis through regulating TRPV1.
Underage girls’ pregnancy during schooling in Niger: Socio-demographic aspect, causes, effect and control. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Diaouga Hamidou Soumana , Yacouba Maimouna Chaibou , Oumara Maina , Abdou Mahamane Mobarak Salifou , Garba Rahamatou Madeleine , Idi Nafiou , Nayama Madi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, the socio-demographic aspect, the consequences on the schooling of girls and the control measures of underage pregnancy in schooling in Niger.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort study over a 12-month period. The study concerned pregnant and parturient girls who were minors and in the process of attending school in the city of Niamey in the Republic of Niger.) The socio-demographic, obstetric and school data of 184 underage girls admitted to the Issaka Gazobi Maternity Hospital in Niamey during the study period were collected and analysed. At the same time, we conducted interviews in thirty (30) schools and educational inspection services in the city of Niamey, in order to gather qualitative data on the phenomenon of pregnancy and childbirth among minors in schools.
Results
The frequency of childbirth among under-age students was 3.06% in our maternity. The average age was 15.7 years. Nine out of ten minors (90.7%) had become mothers by the end of the study. School drop-out rates were high (53.8%). According to our interviews with school leaders, the factors at the root of pregnancy in Niamey schools are socio-cultural and religious (factors linked to the vulnerability of young girls, the lack of sex education within families and schools, and peer pressure, cultural and religious considerations which encourages early marriage and pregnancy, and the low contraceptive prevalence rate in Niger).
Conclusions
Pregnancy in the school environment is common in Niger and has repercussions on the normal progress of schooling. This study recommended adequate parental implication, eradication of street hawking and inculcation of moral values through religious bodies as ways of reducing underage girls’ pregnancy in schooling in Niger.
DCEI-RTDETR: An Improved RT-DETR-Based Detection Algorithm for Data Center Equipment Indicator Lights
Authors: Xu Liangjie , Zeng WenXian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To address the issues of low detection accuracy and high computational complexity caused by complex image backgrounds and small target sizes in the detection of indicator lights in data center equipment rooms, a lightweight small target detection algorithm based on Transformer, named DCEI-RTDETR, is proposed. First, the EfficientFormerV2 backbone network is used as the feature extraction network. By reducing the number of downsampling times in the algorithm, the size of the feature maps to be detected is increased, allowing the network model to focus more on small targets. Subsequently, a High-Level Screening Feature Aggregation Network (HS-FAN) architecture is designed as a hybrid encoder. The HiLo attention mechanism is used as an intra-feature interaction module for high-level feature scales. The GSConv and VoVGCSCSP modules are employed for cross-scale feature fusion, adaptively generating output weights for each level of feature maps and dynamically optimizing the feature map representation capability. Additionally, a one-to-many label assignment method is used to introduce a grouped decoder to optimize object query processing, alleviating the issues of occlusion and loss of small target feature information. Finally, the GIOU loss function is replaced with Inner-EIOU, using a scaling factor to control the auxiliary bounding box, thereby improving the accuracy of small target detection. Experimental results on a proprietary data center equipment status detection dataset show that compared to the original RT-DETR algorithm, mAP50 is increased by 4.2%, mAP50:95 is increased by 2.1%, and FPS is 90. Generalization experiments on the public VisDrone2021 dataset also demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed algorithm, with mAP50 improved by 4.4%.
Identifying candidate mechanisms linking ADHD symptoms and internalising problems in adolescence: An exploratory mediation analysis
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Dryburgh Katherine , Sonuga-Barke Edmund 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

ADHD and internalising symptoms are known to be associated in adolescence and understanding the mechanisms is important for improving mental health outcomes for adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Across the literature, a wide range of mechanisms have been proposed; however, studies to date have typically focused narrowly on only a handful at once. Multiple mediation models that evaluate numerous candidate mediators simultaneously offer the opportunity to provide a more comprehensive picture of the possible mechanisms and identify which mediators represent those with the strongest unique effects that could be prioritised for future longitudinal and intervention research. In the current study, we used exploratory mediation analysis with regularised structural equation modelling to examine >50 candidate mediators of the ADHD-internalising association at ages 11,14, and 17 in the Millennium Cohort Study (n=4918-12597). There were a large number of significant mediators of small-to-moderate effect. Peer problems, conduct problems, school problems, and self-esteem emerged as those with the largest unique effects. Results suggest that there are potentially a wide range of mechanisms contributing to the association between ADHD and internalising problems in adolescence and imply a need for more encompassing theories that address a multitude of pathways between ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. They also point to those which can be prioritised in longitudinal and interventional studies.
Adults’ experiences of using journalling to reflect on suicide and self-harm related online use: indications of a potential area for intervention development to reduce online harm
Authors: Biddle Lucy , Kennedy Laura , Grace Lydia , Derges Jane , Haime Zoë 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: It is well-established that self-harm and suicide-related online use can bring harms and benefits for users. Research suggests a need to upskill users and improve metacognition around online engagement to manage these conflicting effects but there is currently a lack of behavioural interventions to achieve this. We explored incidental data from a longitudinal qualitative study, which indicated that self-completing a research diary about online engagements could impact participants’ online behaviour.
Methods: Participants (n=9) were enrolled in a 6-month longitudinal qualitative study exploring self-harm and suicide-related online activity. They were interviewed at three timepoints and between these intervals completed a daily reflective diary of online activity. Experiences of completing the diary were explored qualitatively during mid and end-point interviews, and through free-text diary entries.
Results: All participants derived benefits from journalling about their online use with respect to self-harm and suicide-related content. These included increased insight about time spent online, the motivations behind engagement, and the nature and impact of use. Some participants reported resultant behaviour change. However, daily completion was burdensome and there were potential costs for some participants, such as increased attention or exposure to self-harm content.
Conclusion: Journalling about online activity should be explored more deliberately as a possible method for addressing the existing gap in individual-level interventions to tackle online harms. Well-designed research and co-design work with lived-experience users will be essential to evaluating the potential for this to function safely as an intervention both within and outside of clinical settings.
Free radical scavenging polylactic acid fibers: A study of melt spinning preparation, characterization, and properties
Authors: Zheng Chenghui , Wu Huanling , Zhou Qingqing , Wang Lingfang , Lv Jingchun , Mao Haiyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) fibers have great potentials in textile fields with eco-friendship and low carbon emission. However, the poor ductility, inferior free radical scavenging effect, and moderate biodegradability make them challenging in qualified fibers. In this context, a series of PLA fibers with excellent free radical scavenging effect were prepared by melt spinning with PLA /poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) /curcumin (CUR). The tenacity and free radical scavenging effect of the fiber with 12.0 wt.% PEO and 1.0 wt. % CUR were 3.14 CN dtex-1, 96.2% respectively, compared with 2.24 CN dtex-1, 2.9% for pure PLA fibers. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that CUR behaved as nucleating agent and accelerated the crystallization with elevated crystallinity. The synergistic action of PEO and CUR was found to have significant effects on the mechanical, thermal, crystalline, and free radical scavenging properties for the composite fibers. X-photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, morphological investigation, and disintegrability tests in soil demonstrated the homogenous, ductile, and excellent biodegradable behaviors of the as-prepared fibers. The sustainable advantages of the dope-dyed PLA fabrics were also evaluated.
Examination under anaesthesia for the investigation of high grade internal rectal prolapse - the overlooked investigation
Authors: Drysdale Henry Richard Edward , Bloomfield Ian , Cattanach Daniel , Gillespie Chris , Warwick Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
The accurate diagnosis of high grade internal rectal prolapse (HGIRP) can be challenging. Many sources describe a defaecating protocogram (DPG) as the ‘gold standard’ investigation for the diagnosis of HGIRP. Alternative methods for diagnosis include an examination under anaesthesia (EUA). No data has validated the role of EUA for the investigation of HGIRP. The aim of this study was to assess whether an EUA demonstrated different findings to a DPG and if these findings changed clinical management.
Methodology
This study was a retrospective review of patients seen between 2014–2022 in a quaternary pelvic floor unit. Patients who had an EUA for the investigation of suspected HGIRP were identified and their clinical examination findings, previous investigations and operative findings were reviewed.
Results
Forty patients were identified. Thirty-eight were female and there was a median age of 66. At EUA, 30 patients (75%) had a HGIRP and two (5%) had external rectal prolapse (ERP). Of the 32 patients with either a HGIRP or ERP at EUA, 19 had a previous DPG performed. Fifteen (79%) of these DPGs showed no evidence of HGIRP or ERP. Of these 15 patients with HGIRP on EUA with a ‘negative’ DPG for HGIRP all went on to have surgical management of their HGIRP.
Conclusions
If there is clinical suspicion of HGIRP despite a negative DPG, patients should be a considered for an EUA. A negative DPG should not necessarily exclude HGIRP. These results challenge the position of DPG as the ‘gold standard’ investigation for HGIRP.
Multiparametric chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI detects metabolic changes in mild cognitive impairment cases at 3.0 Tesla.
Authors: Zhu Dongyong , Fu Xiaona , Liu Jia , Liu Xiaoming , Cheng Lan , Lu Jue , Qin Qian , Sun Peng , Zhou Zhenyu , Feng Yiming , Wang Jing , Zhang Xinli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the potential of multiparametric chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI) for MCI detection. Twenty-eight patients with MCI and 31 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. CEST MRI was performed with a gradient and spin-echo sequence on a 3T scanner. Multi-parametric CEST parameters were analyzed, such as amide, amine, amine and amide concentration independent assay (AACID), magnetization transfer ratio yielding rex (MTRrex-amide), and downfield rNOE suppressed apparent exchange-dependent relaxation amide proton (DNS-AREX-amide). Statistical analyses of CEST parameters were performed to evaluate group differences, their correlations with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score, and diagnostic performance for MCI. Compared with NC group, amide as well as MTRrex-amide decreased in the left hippocampus and amine as well as AACID increased in the right hippocampus in the MCI group; In both hippocampi, the DNS-AREX-amide were significantly lower in the MCI group versus the NC group (all P < 0.05). Amine in the right hippocampus was negatively correlated with MoCA score (r = − 0.457, p = 0.017); DNS-AREX-amide in the bilateral hippocampus was positively correlated with MoCA score (left: r = 0.449, P = 0.019; right: AUC = 0.529, P = 0.05). DNS-AREX-amide in the bilateral hippocampus have a good ability to identify MCI (left: AUC = 0.756, P < 0.01; right: AUC = 0.762, P < 0.01). CEST MRI provides a potential imaging diagnostic strategy for MCI, which may promote early detection of MCI and provide novel insights into the pathological progress toward AD.
Modificadores de qualidade de vida de pacientes com esclerose múltipla: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Medeiros Pacheco Ribeiro Fernanda , Da Silva Soares Telles Barbara 
Published: September 2024

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença degenerativa com desmielinização do sistema nervoso central. É uma das principais causas de incapacidade em jovens adultos, afetando a qualidade de vida. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os principais fatores incapacitantes e as terapêuticas mais eficazes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa no PubMed e BVS com os descritores “multiple sclerosis AND quality of life”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2021 e 2023, de texto completo gratuito e ensaios clínicos controlados. Os fatores incapacitantes mais citados foram fadiga, alterações de função motora e saúde mental sendo ao menos um deles citado em todos os artigos. Como medidas terapêuticas, foram mais citadas formas regulação emocional e atividades físicas. Conclui-se que a fadiga foi o principal fator incapacitante, presente em 14 estudos e exercícios de Baduanjin, Mindfulness, treinamento de resistência e força muscular têm melhor resultado reduzindo diferentes fatores incapacitantes.
Evidence of a Bi-Directional Relationship between Arterial Stiffness and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: L. Beros Angela , Sluyter John D , Scragg Robert KR. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
There are numerous cross-sectional studies showing an association between
arterial stiffness and diabetes, but the temporality of the association is unclear.

Objective:
To investigate the temporal relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes.

Methods::
We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to 31 August 2023, to identify
cohort studies that assessed whether arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity
(PWV), was predictive of the development of diabetes and vice versa. We summarised study data,
and where possible undertook meta-analysis.

Results:
We identified 19 studies that included people with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes.
All 11 studies investigating arterial stiffness as a predictor of diabetes found a significant
relationship. Six of those studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The risk of developing diabetes
was greater in people with higher PWV at baseline than lower PWV (RR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.65
to 2.79, p < 0.00001) and the mean difference in baseline PWV was higher in people who developed
diabetes than those who did not (mean difference: 0.77 m/s, 95%CI 0.47 to 1.06, p <
0.00001). Of 8 studies investigating diabetes as a predictor of arterial stiffness, 7 found a significant
relationship.

Conclusion:
There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetes.
Arterial stiffness may provide a causal link between diabetes and future cardiovascular
disease.
ANALISIS FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG KAWASAN ASIA
Authors: Ananda Caesario Fajry , Saputra Putu Mahardika Adi 
Published: September 2024

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) holds a crucial role, benefing not only the investor's home country but also contributing to the prospery of the host nations, especially the developing countries in the Asian region, which stand as the largest recipients of global FDI. This research aims to pinpoint the factors influencing FDI inflows in Asian developing countries from 2012 to 2019. Employing panel data analysis techniques, the study reveals that market size, trade openness, and infrastructure significantly drive FDI inflows. Conversely, human capal and taxation are identified as hindering factors, while the perception of corruption does not notably impact FDI. By enhancing our comprehension of the dynamics shaping FDI trends in Asian developing nations, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. serves as a guide for those seeking to create an environment conducive to foreign investment, facilating sustainable economic growth and development in the region.