bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luteolin induces cholangiocarcinoma cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Kittiratphatthana Natthawan , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol , Prawan Auemduan , Senggunprai Laddawan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect and underlying mechanisms of luteolin in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells.

Methods
Cell viability was determined by sulphorhodamine B. Apoptosis was detected using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dye staining and annexin V/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. The effect of luteolin on the oxidative status of CCA cells was evaluated by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using the dihydroethidium method and quantifying glutathione levels. The mitochondria transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was examined through JC-1 staining. The protein levels were determined by Western blot. Caspase activity was determined using specific fluorogenic substrates.

Key findings
Luteolin decreased KKU-100 CCA cells’ viability by induction of apoptosis. Luteolin treatment increased ROS production and decreased glutathione levels. These changes were associated with the decrease of Nrf2, γ-glutamylcysteine ligase and heme oxygenase-1 proteins. Moreover, luteolin induced mitochondrial depolarization, which was accompanied by the release of cytochrome c and a decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. Pretreatment with antioxidants, 4-hydroxy-TEMPO and N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly prevented luteolin-induced CCA cell death and loss of ΔΨm. In addition, luteolin induced the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.

Conclusions
Luteolin exerts its pro-apoptotic action partly through generating intracellular ROS that then contributes to the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death.
The Philosophical Legacy of John Henry Newman: A Neglected Chapter in Newman Research
Authors: Pratt Morris‐Chapman D. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractJohn Henry Newman is widely acknowledged to be an important theologian. However Newman commentators suggest that his work has received little recognition by philosophers. The general consensus has been that until the latter part of the twentieth century Newman has been an isolated philosophical figure. This essay offers an historical re‐evaluation of Newman's philosophical reception in order to explore whether or not his significance has been underestimated. The historical method is used in the analysis and assessment of this question. The study therefore probes the general philosophical reaction to Newman's work in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. In doing so the essay offers an historical investigation and re‐evaluation of the claims of Newman having a negligible philosophical legacy.
Teresa of Avila on Theology and Shame
Authors: Loumagne Megan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines Teresa of Avila's understanding of the relationship between spiritual dryness, intellectual frustration, and shame. It argues that Teresa presents these experiences as interconnected, as well as spiritually and intellectually valuable. This aspect of Teresa's thought provides important resources for theologians in the contemporary age in its insistence on the necessarily dynamic relationship between the spiritual and the intellectual in the life of the theologian. The article concludes with an examination of shame and its impact on theological developments in our time, as well as the possibilities for integrating shame productively.
Primary membranous nephropathy in adolescence: A prospective study
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Varma Ashwani Kumar , Nada Ritambhra , Ghosh Ratan , Suri Deepti , Gupta Anju , Kumar Vivek , Rathi Manish , Kohli Harbir , Jha Vivekanand , Gupta Krishan , Ramachandran Raja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimPrimary membranous nephropathy (PMN) accounts for only 1–2% of nephrotic syndrome in children. Antibodies to m‐type phospholipase A2 receptor (aPLA2R) is seen in 70% of adult PMN cases. The present study was undertaken to study m‐type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) status and clinical behavior in adolescent PMN cases.MethodsThe present prospective observational study included adolescent (10–19 years) onset biopsy proved PMN. Patients were followed on a monthly basis with urine protein, serum albumin and creatinine. Serum aPLA2R was done at baseline and at 6 and 12 months of starting treatment. Patients were treated as per unit's protocol.ResultsDuring the study period a total of 18 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the cases was 16.27 ± 2.39 (11–19) years. Seventeen (94.44%) patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. The mean proteinuria and serum albumin was 4.52 ± 1.93 (2.43–9.20) g/day and 2.1 ± 0.6 (1.1–3.4) g/dL respectively. PMN was PLA2R related in 83%. aPLA2R and enhanced staining for PLA2R in glomeruli was seen in 14 (77.78%) and 13 (72.22%), respectively. Clinical remission at the end of 6 and 12 months of therapy was seen in 11 (61.11%) and 9 (50%) subjects respectively. There was a significant association of aPLA2R to clinical remission/ resistance.ConclusionPrimary membranous nephropathy in adolescent population is aPLA2R related in over three‐quarters of the cases and the response to therapy is seen in only half of them. aPLA2R monitoring is clinically relevant and should be incorporated in the management of adolescent onset PMN.
Recovering from disaster: Comparing the experiences of nurses and general practitioners after the Canterbury, New Zealand earthquake sequence 2010–2011
Authors: Johal Sarbjit Singh , Mounsey Zoe Rachel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper summarizes, elaborates upon, and contrasts the findings of two research projects that explored how general practitioners and nurses coped with the dual challenge of personal and work demands following the earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 2010 and 2011. Qualitative data from two separate studies – the first with general practitioners and the second with nurses – are compared to identify the challenges faced during and following the earthquakes. Semi‐structured interviews took place with eight general practitioners two years after the start of the earthquake sequence and 11 nurses a year later to enable exploration of the longer‐term aspects of the recovery process. The interview transcripts were analyzed and coded using a constructivist grounded theory approach. The analysis identified that the earthquakes had a significant impact on nurses and general practitioners both in terms of their professional and personal lives. The nurses and general practitioners commented on the emotional impact and their support needs, as well as some of the longer‐term recovery issues.
Convergent evolution of filamentous microbes towards evasion of glycan‐triggered immunity
Authors: Rovenich Hanna , Zuccaro Alga , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAll filamentous microbes produce and release a wide range of glycans, which are essential determinants of microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions. Major cell wall constituents, such as chitin and β‐glucans, are elicitors of host immune responses. The widespread capacity for glycan perception in plants has driven the evolution of various strategies that help filamentous microbes to evade detection. Common strategies include structural and chemical modifications of cell wall components as well as the secretion of effector proteins that suppress chitin‐ and β‐glucan‐triggered immune responses. Thus, the necessity to avoid glycan‐triggered immunity represents a driving force in the convergent evolution of filamentous microbes towards its suppression.

Contents

Summary
896

I.
Introduction
896

II.
Glycan molecules play a major role in microbial niche establishment
896

III.
Recognition of glycan oligomers is mediated by closely related receptors
897

IV.
Microbial strategies to evade glycan‐triggered immunity
898

V.
Evasion strategies of animal‐infecting fungi
899

VI.
Conclusions
899

Acknowledgements
900

References
900
Liver transplantation for pediatric inherited metabolic disorders: Considerations for indications, complications, and perioperative management
Authors: Oishi Kimihiko , Arnon Ronen , Wasserstein Melissa P. , Diaz George A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLT is an effective therapeutic option for a variety of IEM. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from severe disease manifestations and/or life‐threatening metabolic decompensations despite medical/dietary management. Due to the significant risks for systemic complications from surgical stressors, careful perioperative management is vital. Even after LT, some disorders require long‐term dietary restriction, medical management, and monitoring of metabolites. Successful liver transplant for these complex disorders can be achieved with disease‐ and patient‐specific strategies using a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review indications, complications, perioperative management, and long‐term follow‐up recommendations for IEM that are treatable with LT.
Intra‐industry Trade in a Rapidly Globalizing Industry: The Case of Wine
Authors: Anderson Kym , Francois Joseph , Nelson Douglas , Wittwer Glyn 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper overviews the current structure and dynamics of international trade in wine with an emphasis on its intra‐industry features. Using network analytic methods, we illustrate developments in the world's wine markets since the mid‐1960s around a relatively stable core of countries. Those developments include both evolving demands for wine and, on the supply side, a rapidly emerging group of countries entering the core without displacing the original members. Not surprisingly, given that the analysis is based on bilateral trade in a single product, the developing patterns of intra‐industry trade are quite consistent with the patterns revealed in the network analysis.
Labour Market Institutions: Sensitivity to the Cycle and Impact of the Crisis in European Regions
Authors: Percoco Marco 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe current economic crisis has had spatially differentiated impacts in both the US and Europe. A growing collection of literature investigates the determinants of the magnitude of this recession across regions. This paper aims to contribute to this literature by analysing variations in unemployment rate across European regions over the period 2004–11. In particular, we focus on two apparently neglected issues, namely labour market rigidity and the sensitivity of the local economy to the national or European business cycle. The rigidity of the labour market is increasingly viewed as a possible reason for differences among countries in terms of the performance of labour markets, although existing empirical evidence remains inconclusive. In this respect, our aim is to assess the relevance of national labour legislation, as measured by the OECD Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) Index for the performance of regional labour markets by taking advantage of the natural experiment provided by the crisis. Furthermore, for the first time in economic literature, we employ quarterly data on unemployment rate for all European regions over the period 2000–11 to construct an index of co–movement regarding regional cycles with national or European cycles, to be used as an important determinant of variation in the unemployment rate. After controlling for a number of covariates, as well as for spatial dependence in various forms, our results indicate that EPL did not affect unemployment growth over the entire period. However, we did find that regions with a low long–term unemployment rate in countries with high EPL performed better in the pre‐crisis period (2004–07), whereas no effect was found during the crisis. We also found that synchronisation of the regional cycle with the national one was significant for explaining regional labour market performance. Taken together, these results denote the limited relevance of national policies and legislation for accommodating spatially differentiated shocks, whereas policies aimed at modifying local cycles may prove to be more effective.
Biosynthesis of the leucine derived α‐, β‐ and γ‐hydroxynitrile glucosides in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Knoch Eva , Motawie Mohammed Saddik , Olsen Carl Erik , Møller Birger Lindberg , Lyngkjær Michael Foged 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) produces five leucine‐derived hydroxynitrile glucosides (HNGs), of which only epiheterodendrin is a cyanogenic glucoside. The four non‐cyanogenic HNGs are the β‐HNG epidermin and the γ‐HNGs osmaronin, dihydroosmaronin and sutherlandin. By analyzing 247 spring barley lines including landraces and old and modern cultivars, we demonstrated that the HNG level varies notably between lines whereas the overall ratio between the compounds is constant. Based on sequence similarity to the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis, we identified a gene cluster on barley chromosome 1 putatively harboring genes that encode enzymes in HNG biosynthesis. Candidate genes were functionally characterized by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Five multifunctional P450s, including two CYP79 family enzymes and three CYP71 family enzymes, and a single UDP‐glucosyltransferase were found to catalyze the reactions required for biosynthesis of all five barley HNGs. Two of the CYP71 enzymes needed to be co‐expressed for the last hydroxylation step in sutherlandin synthesis to proceed. This observation, together with the constant ratio between the different HNGs, suggested that HNG synthesis in barley is organized within a single multi‐enzyme complex.
Clinical prognostic factors in canine histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Dervisis N. G. , Kiupel M. , Qin Q. , Cesario L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCanine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive neoplasia with variable clinical course and fatal outcome. The goals of this study were to evaluate a large cohort of canine patients with immunohistochemically confirmed HS and identify clinical prognostic factors. Biopsy submissions to the Michigan State University with tentative HS diagnoses were histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed, medical records collected, and interviews with relevant veterinary clinics conducted. Of 1391 histopathology submissions with a diagnosis containing the word ‘histiocytic’, 335 were suspicious for malignancy, and 180 were consistent with HS and had adequate clinical information recorded. The most commonly represented breeds were Bernese mountain dogs (n = 53), labrador retrievers (n = 26) and golden retrievers (n = 17). Median survival for all dogs in the study was 170 days, and subgroup analysis identified palliative treatment, disseminated HS, and concurrent use of corticosteroids as statistically significant negative factors for survival, in both uni‐ and multi‐variate methodologies.
N-Heptane Pool Fire Behavior in a Controlled Oxygen and Low-Pressure Environment
Authors: Liu Quanyi , Chen Kewei , Wu Nan , Yin Jiusheng , Yang Rui , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2016

Fires at high altitude airports have attracted a lot of attention. Such fires show some special characteristics because of the coupling impact of low pressure and low oxygen levels. Some experiments, which were conducted recently at high altitude locations, such as Lhasa and in some low pressure chambers, were usually extinguished due to the limited supply of oxygen.
In order to reveal the dependence of fire behavior on pressure comprehensively, a low-pressure chamber with ventilation control of 2×3×4.65m3 in volume has been developed and built, which can allow larger scale fire tests to be conducted and simulate more realistic high-altitude environment. In this study, pool fire tests using 20-cm and 30-cm-diameter pans are configured under five different static pressures, e.g. 101kPa, 75kPa, 64kPa, 38kPa and 24kPa. Each test has been repeated three times. The parameters measured include flame temperature, radiative heat flux, and mass loss etc. It is concluded that under lower pressure, mass burning rate is lower, temperature is higher, and height of the flame is higher, which demonstrated that low pressure fire is more dangerous to the buildings at high altitude airports.
Large Eddy Simulation of Forced and Unforced Plane Jets Impinging on a Convex Surface
Authors: Kharoua N. , Khezzar L. , Nemouchi Z. , AlShehhi M. 
Published: June 2016

Large Eddy Simulation study of plane impinging jets with different inlet velocity profiles was conducted. The inlet velocity profile was forced at a frequency equal to 600Hz and amplitude equal to 30% of the mean inlet velocity. The Reynold number, based on the jet width W and the inlet velocity, is equal to 5600. The distance of the jet exit from the target wall was varied from 2W to 10W to cover different types of impinging jets with different flow structures. The time-averaged Nusselt Number Nu profiles, along the curved wall, are characterized by two peaks for the shortest distance 2W and only one peak, at the impingement region, for the largest distance 10W.
The first peak, at the impingement region is investigated through profiles of the mean axial velocity, the rms axial velocity, the mean static pressure, and the mean static temperature plotted on the jet centerline. For the second peak of the Nu (2W case), the turbulence level and the thickness of the highly turbulent layer near the curved wall were depicted on curved lines parallel and very close to the target wall.
Forcing the considered jets at 600Hz was found to reduce the Nu while a fully developed inlet velocity profile causes an important increase of the Nu at the impingement region compared with flat inlet velocity profiles.
Effect of Viscosity on the Pressure Gradient in 4-Inch Pipe
Authors: Imam M. Mudasar , Basha Mehaboob , Shaahid S. M. , Ahmad Aftab , Al-Hadhrami Luai M. 
Published: June 2016

The pressure drop of liquids of different viscosities in multiphase flow is still a subject of research. This paper presents pressure drop measurements of water and oil single phase flow in horizontal and inclined 4 inch diameter stainless steel pipe at different flow rates. Potable water and Exxol D80 oil were used in the study. Experiments were carried out for different inclination angles including; 0°, 15°, 30° (upward and downward flows). Inlet liquid velocities were varied from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s and reference pressure was set at 1 bar. Water and Oil viscosities are 0.798 Pa.s and 1.56 Pa.s at 30°C, respectively.
Pressure drop has been found to increase with increase in liquid velocity. Pressure drop has been observed to increase asymptotically with pipe inclination. Upward flows are associated with high pressure drop as compared to downward flows. The pressure drop of water is greater than that of oil for all inclinations. This difference can be attributed to the difference in fluid viscosities and densities. Measured pressure drops were compared with existing empirical relations and good agreement was noticed.
Thermal Structure and Flow Field Characteristics of a Modified Inverse Jet Diffusion Flame Burner
Authors: Amin Sherif , Emara Ahmed , Hussien Adel , Shabaka Ibrahim 
Published: June 2016

The study of aerodynamic behavior of turbulent coaxial and annular jets is of great interest in many engineering applications as, for instance, the design of a new generation of industrial burners. This investigation concerns the combustion process in a triple path inverse jet diffusion flame burner in which a gaseous fuel is inserted in the middle of the second jet. A comparison between the middle fuel co-annular jet (COA, case I) and the circumferential arranged fuel ports (CAP, case II) is performed at constant projectile area (as listed in Table.1). A numerical simulation is conducted to predict the flame structure using ANSYS-CFX program.
The present work experimentally investigates the thermal (inflame temperature) conditions as well as other physical properties. The planar flow field was visualized in both burner configurations. The effect of burner loading and velocity ratio of inner to outer air annuals jets on the flame structure is investigated at unity equivalence ratio. The flammability limit is expected to be changed for CAP and COA configurations as the velocity ratio increases since no lifted flame is predicted at high velocities.
Improving the Performance of a Two Way Flow Control Valve, Using a 3D CFD Modeling
Authors: Frosina Emma , Senatore Adolfo , Buono Dario , Pavanetto Michele , Olivetti Micaela , Costin Ina 
Published: June 2016

The paper introduces a methodology aimed to optimize the performance of hydraulic components; in particular the design of a new two way flow control valve studying the valve internal fluid-dynamic behavior will be introduced. The methodology is based on the definition of a CFD tridimensional fluid-dynamic model. In fact, the model can help engineers to develop the best geometry, to optimize the valve performance, reducing the prototyping requirement and finally the time-to-market and, consequently, the development costs. At first, the original spool internal geometry has been evaluated and studied to tune the mathematical model and to validate it comparing its results with the data obtained through an experimental campaign.
Then, the same approach has been applied to investigate several different internal spool geometries to define the best one in all operating conditions. A limited number of solutions have been prototyped and tested to verify the mathematical model predictions, in order to find the best configuration whose performances are consistent with the assigned objective for the component.
The Effect of Longitudinal Core Flow on Trailing Vortex Stability
Authors: Allaf-Akbari Amir , Holloway A. Gordon L. , Hall Joseph 
Published: June 2016

The current experimental study investigates the effect of longitudinal core flow on the formation and structure of a trailing vortex. The vortex is generated using four airfoils connected to a central hub through which a jet flow is added to the vortex core. Time averaged vorticity, circumferential velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy are studied. The statistics of vortex wandering are identified and corrections applied to the vorticity distribution.
The vortex generator used in this study was built on the basis of the design described by Beninati et al. [1]. It uses four NACA0012 airfoils connected to a central hub. The wings orientation can be adjusted such that each contributes to a strong trailing vortex on the center of the test section.
The vortex generator also had the capability to deliver an air jet directed longitudinally through a hole in the hub at the joint of the airfoils. Tests were done without the jet and with the air jet at jet velocities of 10 and 20 m/s. Planar PIV was used to measure the velocity field in the vicinity of the vortex core. The measurements were taken at 3 chords behind the vortex generator.