bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial phylogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of Neuropterida
Authors: Wang Yuyu , Liu Xingyue , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. , Winterton Shaun L. , Yan Yan , Aspöck Ulrike , Aspöck Horst , Yang Ding 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNeuroptera (lacewings) and allied orders Megaloptera (dobsonflies, alderflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) are predatory insects and together make up the clade Neuropterida. The higher‐level relationships within Neuropterida have historically been widely disputed with multiple competing hypotheses. Moreover, the evolution of important biological innovations among various Neuropterida families, such as the origin, timing and direction of transitions between aquatic and terrestrial habitats of larvae, remains poorly understood. To investigate the origin and diversification of lacewings and their allies, we undertook phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes of all families of Neuropterida using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. We present a robust, fully resolved phylogeny and divergence time estimation for Neuropterida with strong statistical support for almost all nodes. Mitochondrial sequence data are typified by significant compositional heterogeneity across lineages, and parsimony and models assuming homogeneous rates did not recover Neuroptera as monophyletic. Only a model accounting for compositional heterogeneity (i.e. CAT‐GTR) recovered all orders of Neuropterida as monophyletic. Significant findings of the mitogenomic phylogeny include recovering Raphidioptera as sister to Megaloptera plus Neuroptera. The sister family of all other lacewings are the dusty‐wings (Coniopterygidae), rather than Nevrorthidae. Nevrorthidae are instead returned to their traditional position as the sister group of the spongilla‐flies (Sisyridae) and closely related to Osmylidae. Our divergence time analysis indicates that the Mesozoic was indeed a ‘golden age’ for lacewings, with most families of Neuropterida diverging during the Triassic and Jurassic and all extant families present by the Early Cretaceous. Based on ancestral character state reconstructions of larval habitat we evaluate competing hypotheses regarding the life style of early neuropteridan larvae as either aquatic or terrestrial.
Intra‐surgical vs. radiographic bone level assessments in measuring peri‐implant bone loss
Authors: Serino Giovanni , Sato Hirohisa , Holmes Patrick , Turri Alberto 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy between the intra‐surgical and the peri‐apical radiographic measurements of bone loss at implant with peri‐implantitis.Materials and methodsA total of 46 Brånemark implants in 24 patients with diagnosis of peri‐implantitis were included in the study. The amount of peri‐implant bone loss occurred at those implants was measured during peri‐implant surgery and compared to the radiographic bone loss measured by three independent examiners.ResultsThe mean bone loss measured on radiographs underestimated the intra‐surgical bone loss at the correspondent sites (0.7 mm at the mesial and 0.6 mm at the distal sites); this underestimation was found to be a consistent finding in all the three examiners. Only 21% of the radiographic measurements corresponded to the clinical bone loss assessments, while an over‐ and underestimation within a range of ± 1–2 mm was recorded in 57% of the cases. There was a moderate positive linear correlation between the radiographic measurements and the clinical bone loss for mesial and distal sites (r = range 0.58–0.65). The variability between the three examiners in the radiographic measurements was frequently on the range of ± 1–2 mm.ConclusionThe radiographic measurements of bone loss at implant affected by peri‐implantitis often underestimated the clinical bone loss occurred at the implants. A difference of about ± 1–2 mm in the estimation of radiographic bone loss could be merely assigned as inter‐examiner different assessments.
The prominence of smoking‐related mortality among individuals with alcohol‐ or drug‐use disorders
Authors: Callaghan Russell C. , Gatley Jodi M. , Sykes Jenna , Taylor Lawren 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsEven though individuals with substance‐use disorders have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking, surprisingly little is known about smoking‐related mortality in these populations. The current retrospective cohort study aims to address this gap.Design and MethodsThe study sample included cohorts of individuals hospitalised in California between 1990 and 2005 with alcohol‐ (n = 509 422), cocaine‐ (n = 35 276), opioid‐ (n = 53 172), marijuana‐ (n = 15 995) or methamphetamine‐use (n = 36 717) disorders. Death records were linked to inpatient data. Age‐, race‐ and sex‐adjusted standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were generated for 19 smoking‐related causes of death.ResultsSmoking‐related conditions comprised 49% (79 188/163 191) of total deaths in the alcohol, 40% (1412/3570) in the cocaine, 39% (4285/11 091) in the opioid, 42% (554/1332) in the methamphetamine and 36% (1122/3095) in the marijuana cohorts. The SMRs for all smoking‐linked diseases were: alcohol, 3.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.55 to 3.58); cocaine, 2.40 (95% CI = 2.39 to 2.41); opioid, 4.26 (95% CI = 4.24 to 4.27); marijuana, 3.73 (95% CI = 3.71 to 3.74); and methamphetamine, 2.58 (95% CI = 2.57 to 2.59). The SMRs for almost all of the 19 cause‐specific smoking‐related outcomes were elevated across cohorts.Discussion and ConclusionsGiven the current findings, addressing tobacco smoking among persons with substance‐use disorders should be a critical concern, especially given the heavy smoking‐related mortality burden and the currently limited attention devoted to smoking in these populations. [Callaghan RC, Gatley JM, Sykes J, Taylor L. The prominence of smoking‐related mortality among individuals with alcohol‐ or drug‐use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:97–105]
The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants vs traditional anticoagulants in cirrhosis
Authors: Hum Justine , Shatzel Joseph J. , Jou Janice H. , Deloughery Thomas G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe coagulopathy of cirrhosis is complex, placing patients at risk for both bleeding and thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have equivalent or superior efficacy and safety as compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs); however, their efficacy and safety in liver cirrhosis has not been studied. To better define this, we evaluated outcomes of patients with cirrhosis prescribed DOACs compared to other anticoagulants at our center.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis prescribed therapeutic anticoagulation over a 3‐year period for thrombosis or prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The primary outcomes of interest were bleeding events and recurrent thrombosis or stroke.ResultsDuring the study period, 27 patients with cirrhosis were prescribed a DOAC and 18 were prescribed VKA or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Both groups had similar total bleeding events (8 DOAC vs 10 other, P=.12). There were significantly less major bleeding episodes in the DOAC group (1 [4%] vs 5 [28%], P=.03). Recurrent thrombosis occurred in one patient receiving a DOAC (4%) and one patient (6%) receiving other anticoagulation (P=1.0).ConclusionsDirect oral anticoagulant use in patients with cirrhosis may be as safe as traditional anticoagulants. Patients with cirrhosis at our center prescribed DOACs had less major bleeding events, while maintaining efficacy at preventing stroke or thrombosis.
Predictive factors for anemia response to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in myelofibrosis
Authors: Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos , Correa Juan‐Gonzalo , García‐Delgado Regina , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Fox María‐Laura , García‐Gutiérrez Valentín , Pérez‐Encinas Manuel , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Mata‐Vázquez María‐Isabel , Raya José‐María , Estrada Natalia , García Silvia , Kerguelen Ana , Durán María‐Antonia , Albors Manuel , Cervantes Francisco 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveErythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat the anemia of myelofibrosis (MF), but information on the predictors of response is limited.MethodsResults of ESA therapy were analyzed in 163 MF patients with severe anemia, most of whom had inadequate erythropoietin (EPO) levels (<125 U/L) at treatment start.ResultsAccording to the revised criteria of the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Treatment and Research, anemia response was achieved in 86 patients (53%). Median response duration was 19.3 months. In multivariate analysis, baseline factors associated with a higher response rate were female sex (P=.007), leukocyte count ≥10×109/L (P=.033), and serum ferritin <200 ng/mL (P=.002). Patients with 2 or 3 of the above features had a significantly higher response rate than the remainder (73% vs 28%, respectively; P<.001). Over the 373 patient‐years of follow‐up on ESA treatment, nine patients developed thrombotic complications (six arterial, three venous), accounting for 2.41 events per 100 patient‐years. Survival time from ESA start was longer in anemia responders than in non‐responders (P=.011).ConclusionBesides the already established predictive value of EPO levels, these data can help to identify which MF patients are more likely to benefit from ESA treatment.
Verbal memory after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in children: Do only mesial structures matter?
Authors: Law Nicole , Benifla Mony , Rutka James , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectivePrevious findings have been mixed regarding verbal memory outcome after left temporal lobectomy in children, and there are few studies comparing verbal memory change after lateral versus mesial temporal lobe resections. We compared verbal memory outcome associated with sparing or including the mesial structures in children who underwent left or right temporal lobe resection. We also investigated predictors of postsurgical verbal memory change.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed verbal memory change approximately 1 year after unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy surgery using a list learning task. Participants included 23 children who underwent temporal lobe surgery with sparing of the mesial structures (13 left), and 40 children who had a temporal lobectomy that included resection of mesial structures (22 left).ResultsChildren who underwent resection from the left lateral and mesial temporal lobe were the only group to show decline in verbal memory. Furthermore, when we considered language representation in the left temporal resection group, patients with left language representation and spared mesial structures showed essentially no change in verbal memory from preoperative to follow‐up, whereas those with left language representation and excised mesial structures showed a decline. Postoperative seizure status had no effect on verbal memory change in children after left temporal lobe surgery. Finally, we found that patients with intact preoperative verbal memory experienced a significant decline compared to those with below average preoperative verbal memory.SignificanceOur findings provide evidence of significant risk factors for verbal memory decline in children, specific to left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Children who undergo left temporal lobe surgery that includes mesial structures may be most vulnerable for verbal memory decline, especially when language representation is localized to the left hemisphere and when preoperative verbal memory is intact.
TRPC3 channels play a critical role in the theta component of pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus in mice
Authors: Phelan Kevin D. , Shwe U Thaung , Cozart Michael A. , Wu Hong , Mock Matthew M. , Abramowitz Joel , Birnbaumer Lutz , Zheng Fang 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveCanonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels constitute a family of cation channels that exhibit a regional and cell‐specific expression pattern throughout the brain. It has been reported previously that TRPC3 channels are effectors of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/trkB signaling pathway. Given the long postulated role of BDNF in epileptogenesis, TRPC3 channels may be a critical component in the underlying pathophysiology of seizure and epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the precise role of TRPC3 channels in pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE).MethodsThe role of TRPC3 channels was investigated using TRPC3 knockout (KO) mice and TRPC3‐selective inhibitor Pyr3. Video and electroencephalography (EEG) recording of pilocarpine‐induced seizures were performed.ResultsWe found that genetic ablation of TRPC3 channels reduces behavioral manifestations of seizures and the root‐mean‐square (RMS) power of SE, indicating a significant contribution of TRPC3 channels to pilocarpine‐induced SE. Furthermore, the reduction in SE in TRPC3KO mice is caused by a selective attenuation of pilocarpine‐induced theta activity, which dominates both the preictal phase and SE phase. Pyr3 also caused a reduction in the overall RMS power of pilocarpine‐induced SE and a selective reduction in the theta activity during SE.SignificanceOur results demonstrate that TRPC3 channels unequivocally contribute to pilocarpine‐induced SE and could be a novel molecular target for new anticonvulsive drugs.
Uptake and efflux kinetics, and intracellular activity of voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus in human pulmonary epithelial cells: a new application for the prophylaxis and early treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Wang Taotao , Yang Qianting , Chen Lu , Li Ying , Meng Ti , Wang Yan , Zhang Tao , Lei Jin'e , Xing Jianfeng , Dong Yalin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), most caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, is a serious life‐threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. Voriconazole is used to prevent and treat IPA. However, little is known about the pharmacological characteristics of voriconazole in pulmonary epithelial cells, which are the target site for the prophylaxis and early treatment of IPA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the kinetics and activity of voriconazole against A. fumigatus in A549 cells. High‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and time‐kill method were used to study the cellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of voriconazole. Voriconazole exerted a concentration‐dependent toxic effect on A549 cells and could penetrate into cells, reaching plateau concentrations of 1.14 ± 0.64, 3.72 ± 1.38 and 6.36 ± 0.95 ng/mg protein after A549 cells were exposed to voriconazole at extracellular concentrations of 2, 8 and 16 mg/L for 2 h, respectively. The efflux of voriconazole was rapid, with a half‐life of 10.2 min. Voriconazole can decrease the A. fumigatus conidia invade cells, and the number of viable A. fumigatus conidia in cells can be decreased 2.1‐ to 20.6‐fold when A549 cells were cultured in medium containing voriconazole. After 24‐h incubation, 75.6% and 80.5% of intracellular A. fumigatus were killed when extracellular voriconazole concentration was 8 and 16 mg/L, respectively. This study illustrated a new application for the prophylaxis and early treatment of IPA from the cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and emphasized the importance of monitoring concentrations of voriconazole in epithelial lining fluid in immunocompromised patients receiving voriconazole therapy.
Assessing forest vulnerability to climate warming using a process‐based model of tree growth: bad prospects for rear‐edges
Authors: Sánchez‐Salguero Raúl , Camarero Jesus Julio , Gutiérrez Emilia , González Rouco Fidel , Gazol Antonio , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Andreu‐Hayles Laia , Linares Juan Carlos , Seftigen Kristina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGrowth models can be used to assess forest vulnerability to climate warming. If global warming amplifies water deficit in drought‐prone areas, tree populations located at the driest and southernmost distribution limits (rear‐edges) should be particularly threatened. Here, we address these statements by analyzing and projecting growth responses to climate of three major tree species (silver fir,Abies alba; Scots pine,Pinus sylvestris; and mountain pine,Pinus uncinata) in mountainous areas ofNESpain. This region is subjected to Mediterranean continental conditions, it encompasses wide climatic, topographic and environmental gradients, and, more importantly, it includes rear‐edges of the continuous distributions of these tree species. We used tree‐ring width data from a network of 110 forests in combination with the process‐based Vaganov–Shashkin‐Lite growth model and climate–growth analyses to forecast changes in tree growth during the 21st century. Climatic projections were based on four ensemblesCO2emission scenarios. Warm and dry conditions during the growing season constrain silver fir and Scots pine growth, particularly at the species rear‐edge. By contrast, growth of high‐elevation mountain pine forests is enhanced by climate warming. The emission scenario (RCP8.5) corresponding to the most pronounced warming (+1.4 to 4.8 °C) forecasted mean growth reductions of −10.7% and −16.4% in silver fir and Scots pine, respectively, after 2050. This indicates that rising temperatures could amplify drought stress and thus constrain the growth of silver fir and Scots pine rear‐edge populations growing at xeric sites. Contrastingly, mountain pine growth is expected to increase by +12.5% due to a longer and warmer growing season. The projections of growth reduction in silver fir and Scots pine portend dieback and a contraction of their species distribution areas through potential local extinctions of the most vulnerable driest rear‐edge stands. Our modeling approach provides accessible tools to evaluate forest vulnerability to warmer conditions.
In vitro probiotic evaluation of potential antioxidant lactic acid bacteria isolated from idli batter fermented with Piper betle leaves
Authors: Sadishkumar Vishwanathan , Jeevaratnam Kadirvelu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLactic acid bacteria isolated from food sources can be introduced as probiotics because of their health‐promoting and nonpathogenic characteristics. Eight lactic acid bacteria from idli batter fermented with Piper betle leaves were selected to screen the antioxidant potential and biofilm‐forming ability. Five isolates exhibited good antioxidant potential and biofilm formation and showed antagonistic activity against the pathogenic biofilm‐forming Staphylococcus aureus. Further, in vitro probiotic properties of five isolates exhibited excellent acid tolerance, bile tolerance, simulated gastrointestinal juice tolerance, auto‐aggregation and co‐aggregation and hydrophobicity and showed resistance to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and colistin. Isolates also showed positive bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, β‐galactosidase production and mucin binding ability. The isolate KJBB10 exhibited good adhesion and pathogen exclusion percentage with human colon cancer cells (HCT‐15 and HT‐29). Hence, the isolates KJBB10, KJBB56 and KJBC06 can be used as beneficial probiotic starter cultures for the formulation of functional foods.
Effect of thermal processing on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in Castanea mollissima
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Chang Xiaoxiao , Hu Xiaodan , Brennan Charles S. , Guo Xinbo 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe effect of three domestic thermal processing methods on chestnut fruit was analysed in this study. By evaluating the changes of the contents of free and bound phenolic profiles as well as the antioxidant activity in chestnut fruit, our study indicated that steaming could better preserve and enhance the level of phenolics and flavonoids in chestnut fruit and thus brought to a higher antioxidant activity. Microwaving could increase the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of chestnut fruits within a short time, while blanching caused a decrease of flavonoid contents. In addition, our research suggested that there was formation of new phenolics in chestnut fruit, which were discovered during thermal processing because of the increases of bound phenolics after processing. Therefore, the potential of chestnut fruits to be developed as a kind of functional food could be highly expected.
Phytochemical composition, cellular antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity in mango (Mangifera indica L.) pulp and peel
Authors: Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Liu Fengyun , Guo Xinbo , Fu Xiong , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and inhibition of hepato‐cellular carcinoma (HepG2) proliferation were evaluated for the first time in the pulp and peel of mango cultivars. Comparatively, peel had high flavonoids and tocopherols content and showed significant antioxidant activity. Among all the studied cultivars, the Xiao Tainong peel was predominant with highest fistein, mangiferin and alpha‐tocopherol content and significant cellular antioxidant activity value 2986 ± 380 μmol QE/100 g FW. The HepG2 cells antiproliferation was maximum in the peel of Da Tainong and pulp of Aozhou with lowest EC50 values, 2.35 ± 0.65 (peel) and 185.4 ± 10.9 (pulp) mg mL−1, in a dose‐dependent manner. Negative associations of flavonoids and tocopherol compounds with CAA and antiproliferative activity in mango confirmed synergistic, additive or antagonistic actions of phytochemicals. The current study suggests that mango peel could be used as a value added ingredient or functional food and may contribute considerably to promote consumer health.
Myeloperoxidase in blood neutrophils during normal and abnormal menstrual cycles in women of reproductive age
Authors: Shibata T. , Sakamoto J. , Osaka Y. , Neyatani N. , Fujita S. , Oka Y. , Takagi H. , Mori H. , Fujita H. , Tanaka Y. , Sasagawa T. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroductionWe previously reported that granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) plays a critical role in ovulation, suggesting that neutrophils may maintain ovulation. We assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major and specific enzyme of neutrophils, in women with abnormal and normal menstrual cycles to clarify the relationship between MPO and ovulation.MethodsWe analyzed MPO activity in blood neutrophils of women with abnormal menstrual cycles (indicative of anovulation, n = 12) and age‐ and body mass index‐matched normal menstrual cycles (indicative of ovulation, n = 24) using two parameters as a marker of MPO, Neut X and mean peroxidase index (MPXI).ResultsMPO of women with abnormal menstrual cycles was significantly lower than that of women with normal menstrual cycles [Neut X: 62.6 ± 1.1 (mean ± standard error of the mean) vs. 66.2 ± 0.3, P = 0.009; MPXI: −0.54 ± 1.66 vs. 4.91 ± 0.53, P = 0.008]. Among women with normal menstrual cycles, MPO was highest in the follicular phase (Neut X: 67.0 ± 0.3; P = 0.033).ConclusionThe difference in MPO between women with abnormal and normal menstrual cycles and the upregulation of MPO before ovulation suggest that neutrophils and MPO are closely related to ovulation.