bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanobody Platform for Determination of Protein Structure, Application of
Authors: Traenkle Bjoern , Kaiser Philipp D. , Rothbauer Ulrich 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSince their first description 20 years ago, single‐domain antibody fragments derived from heavy‐chain‐only antibodies of camelids, the so‐called nanobodies, have emerged as reliable recombinant binding molecules for the proteomic research community. The facile identification of antigen‐specific nanobodies and their beneficial biochemical properties regarding size, affinity, and stability supported by multiple crystal structures turn those proteins into versatile binders suitable for multiple applications in the field. During the past decade, nanobodies have been shown as highly functional chaperones assisting the crystallization process of challenging proteins and large protein complexes. In this article, we provide the background knowledge about nanobodies and review their recent application as crystallization chaperones for the determination of protein structures.
Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Taubert Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have been studied for a wide range of applications, including organic synthesis, separation and extraction, and electrochemistry. Inorganic nanomaterials synthesis in and with ILs has evolved into a large field with very different approaches and application fields. This article gives an overview of the field and recent developments focusing on the use of ILs for materials synthesis and design. Furthermore, the article highlights a few promising approaches that add value to inorganic materials science by giving access to hitherto unknown inorganic materials or to materials that have so far only been accessible with great experimental effort via conventional processes.
Detecting menarcheal status through dental mineralization stages?
Authors: Lacoste Jeanson Alizé , Santos Frédéric , Bruzek Jaroslav , Urzel Vanessa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMenarche is an indicator frequently used to study variation in growth, development, and related health conditions among members of living populations. As a life event, menarche is often associated with changes in an individual's social identity. The reproductive lifespan, which for females starts with menarche, is a paramount feature of palaeodemographic studies. Determination of menarche status from the skeletal remains of individuals of past populations can be obtained by assessing the developmental status of the iliac crest, as well as the hand and wrist bones, which are, unlike teeth, often poorly recovered in bioarchaeological contexts. The present study seeks to evaluate the link between dental mineralization and menarche in a population of known menarche status. The relationship between permanent teeth mineralization and menarche status was investigated by using data of developing permanent teeth (167 radiographs) rated in accordance with the well‐known standards of Demirjian et al. and Moorrees et al. collected among 73 living French females of known menarcheal status. Using correlation ratios, GLMM and CART algorithm, menarcheal status is correlated with mineralization of the premolars. Menarcheal status is predicted correctly for 92 and 77% of radiographs of the learning and validation samples, respectively. Although promising, the results require caution prior to generalization to other populations. The age of menarche in this particular sample may simply coincide with the development of the premolars in this particular sample. Therefore, further investigation applied to populations with various mean ages of menarche is required in order to provide new evidence of variation in human growth and development from the correspondence between the mineralization of the permanent teeth and menarche.
Activity‐dependent calcium, oxygen, and vascular responses in a mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1
Authors: Khennouf Lila , Gesslein Bodil , Lind Barbara Lykke , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , Lauritzen Martin 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveFamilial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) is a subtype of migraine with aura caused by a gain‐of‐function mutation in the pore‐forming α1 subunit of CaV2.1 (P/Q‐type) calcium channels. However, the mechanisms underlying how the disease is brought about and the prolonged aura remain incompletely understood.MethodsIn the anesthetized FHM1 mouse model in vivo, we used two‐photon microscopy to measure calcium changes in neurons and astrocytes during somatosensory stimulations and cortical spreading depression (CSD), the putative mechanism of the migraine aura. We combined it with assessment of local field potentials by electrophysiological recordings, cerebral blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry, and oxygen consumption with measurement of the oxygen tissue tension.ResultsDuring spreading depression, the evoked increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was larger and faster in FHM1 mice than wild‐type (WT) mice. It was accompanied by larger increases in oxygen consumption in FHM1 mice, leading to tissue anoxia, but moderate hypoxia, in WT mice. In comparison, before CSD, Ca2+ and hemodynamic responses to somatosensory stimulations were smaller in FHM1 mice than WT mice and almost abolished after CSD. The CSD‐induced Ca2+ changes were mitigated by the CaV2.1 gating modifier, tert‐butyl dihydroquinone.InterpretationOur findings suggest that tissue anoxia might be a mechanism for prolonged aura in FHM1. Reduced Ca2+ signals during normal network activity in FHM1 as compared to WT mice may explain impaired neurovascular responses in the mutant, and these alterations could contribute to brain frailty in FHM1 patients. Ann Neurol 2016;80:219–232
Synthesis and mechanical properties of high impact polystyrene with in situ bulk polymerization toughened by one‐pot Nd‐based styrene–isoprene–butadiene terpolymer rubber
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Li , Xu Qiang , Wang Yurong , Li Yang 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHigh impact polystyrene (HIPS) resins were obtained with in situ bulk polymerization toughened by styrene–isoprene–butadiene terpolymer rubber (SIBR). SIBR prepolymer was prepared through selective polymerization of styrene (St), isoprene (Ip), and butadiene (Bd) in St with [Nd]/[Al]/[Cl] catalyst. Nd‐based catalyst exhibited more favorable activity toward conjugated diene other than St, resulting in St solution of random SIBR with high cis‐1,4 stereoregularity and low St content, which was directly exposed to the free radical polymerization of St to generate HIPS. Effect of toughened rubber and the initiators [difunctional (D2) and trifunctional (T3)] were examined to attain HIPS possessing mechanical properties as follow: impact strength, 0.9–24.8 kJ/m2; tensile strength, 16.0–27.5 MPa; and elongation at break, 7.4–107.0%. Increasing SIBR matrix in HIPS improved the impact strength and decreased tensile strength. The fracture surface morphologies of HIPS specimens were studied by notched impact tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), illustrating that the incremental SIBR matrix presented synergistic toughening effect of crazing to enhance the ductile fracture behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43979.
Electrochemical activity of sulfur networks synthesized through RAFT polymerization
Authors: Almeida C. , Costa H. , Kadhirvel P. , Queiroz A. M. , Dias R. C. S. , Costa M. R. P. F. N. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTNovel results concerning the inverse vulcanization of sulfur using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization are here reported. It is shown that RAFT polymerization can be used to carry out this crosslinking process, with the additional possibility to extend the reaction time from a few minutes as with classical free radical polymerization (FRP) to several hours. Higher control on viscosity and processability of the synthesized networks, as well as, the implementation of semibatch feed policies during crosslinking are important advantages of the RAFT process here explored comparatively to the FRP inverse vulcanization. Using cyclic voltammetry, it was assessed the electrochemical activity of the synthesized sulfur‐rich polymer networks. It is shown that the fundamental electrochemical activity of the elemental sulfur was preserved in the produced materials. Testing of electrochemical cells assembled with lithium in the anode and different sulfur based materials in the cathode, including the synthesized RAFT networks, is also shown. The results here presented highlight the new opportunities introduced by reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization mechanisms on the control of the synthesis process and in the design of such advanced materials and show also that many potential derivatizing possibilities can be achieved. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43993.
Unstable Isomer of C90 Fullerene Isolated as Chloro Derivatives, C90(1)Cl10/12
Authors: Chilingarov Norbert S. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh‐temperature chlorination of C90‐containing fullerene fraction resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of C90(1)Cl10/12, the first derivatives of a relatively unstable isomer D5h‐C90(1) with a nanotubular shape. In the crystal structure, three isomers of both C90(1)Cl10 and C90(1)Cl12 with similar chlorination patterns co‐crystallize in the same crystallographic site. Thus, in contrast to the previous reports, D5h‐C90(1) is present, though with a low abundance, in the fullerene soot produced by arc‐discharge method with undoped graphite rods.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis of Tetraalkylammonium Salts in an Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Kumatabara Yusuke , Kaneko Shiho , Nakata Satoshi , Shirakawa Seiji , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA piperidine‐derived tetraalkylammonium salt with a non‐coordinating counteranion worked as an effective hydrogen‐bonding catalyst in an aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of imines and a Danishefsky diene. The hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the ammonium salt and an imine was observed as part of a 1H NMR titration study.
Influences of El Niño on aerosol concentrations over eastern China
Authors: Feng Juan , Zhu Jianlei , Li Yan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe influence of El Niño on aerosol concentrations is investigated for eastern China over period 1986–2006. Result suggests that the influence of El Niño on aerosol concentration differs between events. The 1987/1988 El Niño event decreased the aerosol concentrations during the mature and decay spring of the event; however, an anomalous northern‐increase and southern‐decrease dipole structure occurred during the decay summertime over eastern China. In contrast, the event of 1997/1998 was associated with an evident increase in aerosol concentration over its lifespan. These anomalous aerosol concentrations are mainly caused by circulation changes associated with El Niño events.
Detection of exogenous gene doping of IGF‐I by a real‐time quantitative PCR assay
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Ju , Xu Jing‐Feng , Shen Yong‐Wei , Ma Shi‐Jiao , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Meng Qing‐Lin , Lan Wen‐Jun , Zhang Chun , Liu Xiao‐Mei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGene doping can be easily concealed since its product is similar to endogenous protein, making its effective detection very challenging. In this study, we selected insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) exogenous gene for gene doping detection. First, the synthetic IGF‐I gene was subcloned to recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) plasmid to produce recombinant rAAV2/IGF‐I‐GFP vectors. Second, in an animal model, rAAV2/IGF‐I‐GFP vectors were injected into the thigh muscle tissue of mice, and then muscle and blood specimens were sampled at different time points for total DNA isolation. Finally, real‐time quantitative PCR was employed to detect the exogenous gene doping of IGF‐I. In view of the characteristics of endogenous IGF‐I gene sequences, a TaqMan probe was designed at the junction of exons 2 and 3 of IGF‐I gene to distinguish it from the exogenous IGF‐I gene. In addition, an internal reference control plasmid and its probe were used in PCR to rule out false‐positive results through comparison of their threshold cycle (Ct) values. Thus, an accurate exogenous IGF‐I gene detection approach was developed in this study.
Use of hierarchical models to analyze European trends in congenital anomaly prevalence
Authors: Cavadino Alana , Prieto‐Merino David , Addor Marie‐Claude , Arriola Larraitz , Bianchi Fabrizio , Draper Elizabeth , Garne Ester , Greenlees Ruth , Haeusler Martin , Khoshnood Babak , Kurinczuk Jenny , McDonnell Bob , Nelen Vera , O'Mahony Mary , Randrianaivo Hanitra , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Tucker David , Verellen‐Dumoulin Christine , de Walle Hermien , Wellesley Diana , Morris Joan K. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundSurveillance of congenital anomalies is important to identify potential teratogens. Despite known associations between different anomalies, current surveillance methods examine trends within each subgroup separately. We aimed to evaluate whether hierarchical statistical methods that combine information from several subgroups simultaneously would enhance current surveillance methods using data collected by EUROCAT, a European network of population‐based congenital anomaly registries.MethodsTen‐year trends (2003 to 2012) in 18 EUROCAT registries over 11 countries were analyzed for the following groups of anomalies: neural tube defects, congenital heart defects, digestive system, and chromosomal anomalies. Hierarchical Poisson regression models that combined related subgroups together according to EUROCAT's hierarchy of subgroup coding were applied. Results from hierarchical models were compared with those from Poisson models that consider each congenital anomaly separately.ResultsHierarchical models gave similar results as those obtained when considering each anomaly subgroup in a separate analysis. Hierarchical models that included only around three subgroups showed poor convergence and were generally found to be over‐parameterized. Larger sets of anomaly subgroups were found to be too heterogeneous to group together in this way.ConclusionThere were no substantial differences between independent analyses of each subgroup and hierarchical models when using the EUROCAT anomaly subgroups. Considering each anomaly separately, therefore, remains an appropriate method for the detection of potential changes in prevalence by surveillance systems. Hierarchical models do, however, remain an interesting alternative method of analysis when considering the risks of specific exposures in relation to the prevalence of congenital anomalies, which could be investigated in other studies. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:480–10, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absence of prenatal ultrasound surveillance: Data from the Portuguese congenital anomalies registry
Authors: Correia Sandrina , Machado Ausenda , Braz Paula , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Matias‐Dias Carlos 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIn Portugal, prenatal care guidelines advocate two prenatal ultrasound scans for all pregnant women. Not following this recommendation is considered inadequate prenatal surveillance. The National Registry of Congenital Anomalies (RENAC in Portuguese) is an active population‐based registry and an important instrument for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital anomalies (CA) in Portugal. Regarding pregnancies with CA, this study aims to describe the epidemiology of absent prenatal ultrasound scans and factors associated with this inadequate surveillance.MethodsA cross‐sectional comparative study from 2008 to 2013 was carried out using data from RENAC. Associations of nonuptake of prenatal ultrasound screening with socio‐demographic health behaviors and obstetric history data were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Potential confounders were investigated and included if they changed the crude odds ratio estimate by at least 10% after adjustment by the Mantel‐Haenszel method. The statistical significance level was set at 5%.ResultsOverall, 6090 notifications of congenital anomalies were reported to RENAC, and 2% of the pregnant women reported no prenatal ultrasound screening surveillance. These women were on average aged 30.0 years, and 52.8% had no professional occupation. The odds of not performing an ultrasound scan during their pregnancy increased 2.47 times with lack of professional activity, 4.67 times in non‐Caucasian women, and decreased 46% for any previous miscarriage.ConclusionFor pregnant women who did not receive an ultrasound screening examination during pregnancy, the strongest statistically associated factors were professional occupation, ethnicity, and number of miscarriages in previous gestations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:489–493, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elucidation of ethanol tolerance mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by global metabolite profiling
Authors: Kim Sooah , Kim Jungyeon , Song Ju Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Choi Il‐Sup , Choi Wonja , Park Yong‐Cheol , Seo Jin‐Ho , Kim Kyoung Heon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEthanol, the major fermentation product of yeast, is a stress factor in yeast. We previously constructed an ethanol‐tolerant mutant yeast iETS3 by using the global transcriptional machinery engineering. However, the ethanol‐tolerance mechanism has not been systematically investigated. In this study, global metabolite profiling was carried out, mainly by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS), to investigate the mechanisms of ethanol tolerance in iETS3. A total of 108 intracellular metabolites were identified by GC/TOF MS and high performance liquid chromatography, and these metabolites were mostly intermediates of the central carbon metabolism. The metabolite profiles of iETS3 and BY4741, cultured with or without ethanol, were significantly different based on principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses. Our metabolomic analyses identified the compositional changes in cell membranes and the activation of glutamate metabolism and the trehalose synthetic pathway as the possible mechanisms for the ethanol tolerance. These metabolic traits can be considered possible targets for further improvement of ethanol tolerance in the mutant. For example, the KGD1 deletion mutant, with up‐regulated glutamate metabolism, showed increased tolerance to ethanol. This study has demonstrated that metabolomics can be a useful tool for strain improvement and phenotypic analysis of microorganisms under stress.
Production of a tumour‐targeting antibody with a human‐compatible glycosylation profile in N. benthamiana hairy root cultures
Authors: Lonoce Chiara , Salem Reda , Marusic Carla , Jutras Philippe V. , Scaloni Andrea , Salzano Anna Maria , Lucretti Sergio , Steinkellner Herta , Benvenuto Eugenio , Donini Marcello 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHairy root (HR) cultures derived from Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of plant tissues are an advantageous biotechnological manufacturing platform due to the accumulation of recombinant proteins in an otherwise largely protein free culture medium. In this context, HRs descending from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants were successfully used for the production of several functional mAbs with plant‐type glycans. Here, we expressed the tumor‐targeting monoclonal antibody mAb H10 in HRs obtained either by infecting a transgenic N. tabacum line expressing H10 with A. rhizogenes or a glyco‐engineered N. benthamiana line (ΔXTFT) with recombinant A. rhizogenes carrying mAb H10 heavy and light chain cDNAs. Selected HR clones derived from both plants accumulated mAb H10 in the culture medium with similar yields (2–3 mg/L). N‐glycosylation profiles of antibodies purified from HR supernatant revealed the presence of plant‐typical complex structures for N. tabacum‐derived mAb H10 and of GnGn structures lacking xylose and fucose for the ΔXTFT‐derived counterpart. Both antibody glyco‐formats exhibited comparable antigen binding activities. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the co‐infection of ΔXTFT Nicotiana benthamiana with recombinant A. rhizogenes is an efficient procedure for the generation of stable HR cultures expressing the tumor‐targeting mAb H10 with a human‐compatible glycosylation profile, thus representing an important step towards the exploitation of root cultures for the production of ‘next generation’ human therapeutic antibodies.
Wenig bekannte Pilzvergiftungen
Authors: Berndt Siegmar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDie Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über neuere Pilzvergiftungen, ihre Symptome und Toxine, soweit bekannt. Vergiftungen sind meist Folge von Verwechslungen mit Speise‐ oder “Heilpilzen”. Giftige Arten, wie der Große Stachelschirmling, Ohrförmige Weißseitling, Parfümierte Trichterling und der Ölbaumtrichterling kommen in Mitteleuropa vor. Wenig bekannt ist, dass reichlicher Morchelgenuss zu neurologischen Symptomen führen kann. Aus Asien sind Arten bekannt geworden, die schwerste Intoxikationen hervorrufen. Das “Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death”‐Syndrom konnte mit dem Verzehr des “little white mushroom” (Trogia venenata) erklärt werden. Die oft tödlich verlaufenden Rhabdomyolysen nach Verzehr von Russula subnigricans beruhen auf Cycloprop‐2ene‐Karbonsäure. Besonders folgenschwer sind Verwechslungen vom als “Pilz der Unsterblichkeit” geschätzten “Reishi” mit Ganoderma neo‐japonicum oder Podostroma cornu‐damae, dem weltweit giftigsten Pilz.
150 Jahre “Biogenetisches Grundgesetz”
Authors: Hoßfeld Uwe , Levit Georgy S. , Olsson Lennart 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDer Zoologe Ernst Haeckel zählt zu den bekanntesten, zugleich aber auch umstrittensten Naturforschern des 19. und beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Als einer der frühesten Anhänger und streitbarsten Verfechter der Darwinschen Evolutionstheorie – neben “Darwins Bulldogge” Thomas Henry Huxley – stellt er eine Zentralfigur in der Frühgeschichte des Darwinismus dar. Doch sein Name steht nicht nur als Symbol für die Auseinandersetzungen um den Entwicklungsgedanken und dessen Popularisierung in dieser Zeit, sondern auch für ein aktives Eintreten für den von ihm formulierten und postulierten Monismus. Haeckel zählt neben Fritz Müller zu den Ersten, die das “Biogenetische Grundgesetz” formulierten. Ebenso gehen noch heute in der biologischen Terminologie verwendete Begriffe wie Ontogenie, Phylogenie, Ökologie, Chorologie und Stamm auf ihn und sein Erstlingswerk “Generelle Morphologie der Organismen” (1866) zurück.
Wunder der Natur im Gasometer
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBereits der ungewöhnliche Veranstaltungsort macht neugierig auf die Ausstellung, die scheinbar gar nichts mit einem ehemaligen Gasometer zu tun hat. Wie kann ein Industriedenkmal mit Naturwundern in Einklang gebracht werden? Die Antwort liegt auf der Hand, wenn man das Wahrzeichen der Stadt Oberhausen als Modell für die baulich‐kulturelle und biologische Evolution einer (Industrie‐)Region nimmt.