bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in blood plasma during progressive dehydration
Authors: Senay Leo C. , Christensen Margaret L. 
Published: December 2017

Progressive dehydration of resting male subjects was accomplished by exposure to 43.3 C dry bulb, 29 C wet bulb for 12 hr. For control experiments, evaporative weight loss was replaced with 0.1% saline. For dehydrating subjects, the following relationships with evaporative weight losses were obtained: %Delta osmotic pressure = 1.14 (% evap wt loss) — 0.43; %Delta [Na+] = 1.37 (% evap wt loss) — 0.45; %Delta [K+] — 2.19 (% evap wt loss) — 1.29; %Delta hematocrit = 1.4 (%Delta evap wt loss) — 2.65. Comparison of dehydration with rehydration results indicated augmentation of plasma volume with fluids containing high concentrations of potassium. An average decrease in plasma volume of 13.6% (T-1824) from 2.5 to 11 hr after initial heat exposure in dehydrating subjects was accompanied by a 15.7% increase in total protein. Albumin increased 11.6% while globulin increase averaged 22.5%. Plasma protein fractions are not static during dehydration, probably due to augmentation of each protein fraction, particularly globulin. Measurement of plasma volume by T-1824 more likely indicates changes in protein concentration rather than plasma volume changes. A relationship between hematocrit changes and plasma albumin concentrations is suggested. plasma sodium; plasma potassium; plasma osmolarity; hematocrits; plasma albumin; plasma globulins Submitted on February 23, 1965
Respiratory and articulatory factors in wind instrument performance
Authors: Berger Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2017

The intraoral air pressure, rapidity of articulation, and quantity of air used in trumpet performance were measured in 10 subjects. Samples were taken at the two extreme loudness levels, very loud and very soft, and at four tonal frequencies. In addition, samples were made from one subject at two more extreme tonal frequencies. Loud tones were found to require greater intraoral air pressure than soft tones and, to a lesser degree, tones of high frequency required greater air pressure than tones of low frequency. Rate of articulation was found to be independent of intensity or frequency. Loud tones required a greater quantity of air than did soft tones and the quantity of air required for loud tones appeared to be independent of frequency. On the other hand, for soft tones the mid frequencies required less air than did the extreme frequencies. A few intraoral air samples from other wind instrumentalists were obtained and these samples indicated that the trumpet requires greater intraoral air pressures than other wind instruments. articulation; intraoral air pressure; music; respiration; trumpet performance Submitted on September 14, 1964
Reaction of the chick to one atmosphere of oxygen
Authors: Weiss Harold S. , Wright Ronald A. , Hiatt Edwin P. 
Published: December 2017

The white Leghorn chick between the ages of 2 and 7 weeks is markedly resistant to the toxic effects of 1 atm O2. Continuous exposure for as long as 4 weeks caused neither deaths, obvious morbidity, or signs of pulmonary damage on gross autopsy. Nevertheless the hyperoxia had some adverse effects, primarily reducing the growth rate to 75–25% of normal, reducing feed intake per unit body weight to 75% of normal, slowing respiratory rate by 31%, decreasing erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit by 9– 12%, and causing some reversible histological changes in the lungs. Arterial O2 tensions were elevated over 300 mm Hg, but arterial Pco2 and blood pH were unaffected. No residual effects were noted upon return to air breathing. The anatomical peculiarities of the avian lung may play some role in the chicks resistance to hyperoxia, but it is also possible that it is a function of age similar to the tolerance shown by the young rat but not the adult. oxygen toxicity; chick respiratory system; artificial atmospheres; avian physiology; sealed systems Submitted on February 8, 1965
Plasma catecholamines at high altitudes
Authors: Moncloa Federico , Gómez María , Hurtado Alberto 
Published: December 2017

High altitude native residents and newcomers to a low ambient pressure (36 hr after arrival) have normal plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the fasting condition. Thirty minutes after the intravenous injection of insulin the high-altitude residents show increase of epinephrine greater than in men living at sea level. These results are interpreted as a consequence of the lower glucose values observed at high altitudes. high-altitude physiology; catecholamines and insulin; hypoglycemia in hypoxia Submitted on February 12, 1965
Effects of altitude acclimatization on blood composition of women
Authors: Hannon John P. , Shields J. L. , Harris Charles W. 
Published: December 2017

The effects of altitude acclimatization on blood composition were studied in eight University of Missouri (elev 700 ft) coeds who lived on the summit of Pikes Peak (elev 14,000 ft) for 10 weeks. During the period of altitude exposure the following changes were observed: a transient increase in heart rate, the maximum being reached on 1st day of exposure; an early rapid increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin which later became more gradual; an early and sustained reduction in plasma volume; a rapid initial increase and a more gradual later increase in plasma protein concentration which was attributable to elevations in both the albumin and the globulin fractions; a sustained decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio; a slight but sustained increase in serum oncotic pressure; a slight but sustained decrease in blood water content and serum osmolarity; and finally, an unaltered total leukocyte count, but a significant increase in lymphocytes and significant decrease in monocytes. It is concluded that the hematopoietic response to altitude is markedly less in women than that usually observed in men. In women at least, dietary iron supplementation enhances the rate of hematocrit increase at altitude. And finally, the loss of plasma volume is felt to be real and not due to simple dehydration. high altitude; hypoxia; blood volume; blood hydration; plasma proteins; hematopoiesis; leukocytes; sex differences; iron supplement Submitted on April 3, 1968
Relationship of pulmonary artery pressure to exercise diffusing capacity (DLco)
Authors: Baker Duke H. , Daly Walter J. 
Published: December 2017

We investigated the importance of pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary blood flow PBF) in determining the increase in Dlcco observed during exercise. In 13 anesthetized dogs, an external right atrial reservoir was connected via a large-bore jugular vein catheter. Ppa, 10-sec-breath-holding Dlco, and PBF were measured during electrically induced exercise. Subsequent measurements were made during similar exercise while Ppa increases were prevented by varying the atrial reservoir level. In the control exercise situation, Dlco increased from 13.6 ± 6.4 at rest to 24.4 ± 9.2 ml/min x mm Hg; PBF from 3.68 ± 1.78 to 7.09 ± 2.82 liters/min; Ppa from 11 ± 4 to 23 ± 8 mm Hg; and O2 consumption from 131 ± 37 to 529 ± 249 ml/min. When Ppa was maintained at resting level during exercise sufficient to produce similar increases in O2 consumption, Dlco did not rise. This study shows: 1) exercise Dlco increases can be prevented if the Ppa increase is prevented; 2) an excellent statistical correlation between increased Dlco and increased Ppa during exercise but a similar correlation between increased PBF and increased Dlco was not established. pulmonary diffusing capacity; Dl with exercise in dogs Submitted on December 13, 1968
Lactate, ATP, and CP in working muscles during exhaustive exercise in man
Authors: Karlsson Jan , Saltin Bengt 
Published: December 2017

The dynamics of lactate accumulation in working muscle was studied in three subjects performing maximal bicycle exercise of 2, 6, and 16 min duration. In separate experiments, the two longer maximal work periods were interrupted after 2 min and after 2 and 6 min, respectively. Biopsy specimens from the quadriceps femoris were obtained immediately after the work was terminated for determination of ATP, CP, glycogen, G-6-P and lactate. Blood lactate was also determined. The breakdown of the phosphagens (ATP and CP) was already maximal after 2 min of work in all experiments and averaged 2.7 and 3.6 mmole kg–1 wet muscle, respectively. The accumulation of lactate in the muscle and in the blood increased continuously until exhaustion and averaged in the muscle tissue both at the highest and medium loads 16.1 but was only 12.0 mmole kg–1 wet muscle at the lowest load. It is concluded that low ATP and CP stores in these experiments was not the reason for muscular fatigue. Further, if the muscle tissue lactate concentration was the reason for exhaustion on the two heaviest work loads another factor must be present to explain the exhaustion in the 16-min experiment. exhaustion; muscle metabolites; muscle lactate; blood lactate; anaerobic metabolism; oxygen deficit
Mechanosensory inputs to the central pattern generators for locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord: resetting, entrainment, and computer modeling
Authors: McClellan A. D. , Jang W. 
Published: December 2017

Pages 2442–2454: A. D. McClellan and W. Jang, “Mechanosensory inputs to the central pattern generators for locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord: resetting, entrainment, and computer modeling.” The oscillator PRCs (Fig. 2 B) used in the computer simulations (Figs. 10—14) were inverted which was implemented by making the PRC scalars negative See PDF for Equation Thus synaptic inputs to an oscillator that produce phase delay (phase advance), which is represented by positive (negative) values in the PRCs in Fig. 2 B, will contribute a negative (positive) phase shift to the expression for oscillator phase ( Eq. 1) so that it takes a longer (shorter) time for the oscillator phase vector to complete one cycle.
ENERGY RELATIONS IN THE METABOLISM OF AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA
Authors: Baas-Becking L. G. M. , Parks G. S. 
Published: December 2017

In the January issue, no. 1, volume vii, in the article by Baas-Becking and Parks: Foot of p. 94. The minimal efficiencies should be 7.5 and 5.9 per cent respectively, instead of 0.6, as given for both experiments. Table, p. 104, 3rd column, 2nd line, should read 6.7–29.6 (limits) instead of 0.6–29.6 (limits).
Randomized Trial of the Effects of Insulin and Metformin on Myocardial Injury and Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Pradhan Aruna D. , Cook Nancy R. , Ridker Paul M , Everett Brendan M. 
Published: December 2017

Background

Subclinical myocardial injury, as measured by high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT), and myocardial stress, as measured by N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (
NT
‐pro
BNP
), are related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and are strong predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to determine whether antihyperglycemic therapy improves measures of myocardial injury and myocardial stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

We randomized, in a 2×2 factorial fashion, 438 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to insulin glargine, metformin, the combination, or placebo and measured changes in
NT
‐pro
BNP
and hsTnT after 12 weeks of therapy. At baseline, the median (Q1–Q3) plasma concentration was 35.4 (15.7–86.3) ng/L for
NT
‐pro
BNP
and 6.7 (4.6–10.1) ng/L for hsTnT. The adjusted (95% confidence interval) change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
concentration was 20.7% (7.9–35.0) in the insulin arm compared with 0.13% (−10.8 to 12.5) in the no‐insulin arm (
P
=0.03 for comparison). These changes were not related to changes in fasting or postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, weight, blood pressure, or inflammation. In the metformin arm, the adjusted change in
NT
‐pro
BNP
was 7.8% (−3.7 to 20.7) compared with 13.0% (0.72–26.8) in the no‐metformin arm (
P
=0.58). No significant changes in hsTnT concentrations were observed for any of the treatment arms.

Conclusions

Insulin glargine was associated with a significant 20.7% increase in
NT
‐pro
BNP
, a marker of myocardial stress, after 12 weeks of therapy. No change in hsTnT, a marker of myocardial injury, was observed. The changes were independent of substantial improvements in glucose control.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00366301.
Total Bilirubin in Prognosis for Mortality in End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy
Authors: Yang Tsung‐Lin , Lin Yi‐Chun , Lin Yen‐Chung , Huang Chun‐Yao , Chen Hsi‐Hsien , Wu Mai‐Szu 
Published: December 2017

Background
Evidence regarding bilirubin's antioxidant properties and predictive roles is growing. However, it is unclear whether serum bilirubin would have a prognostic impact on survival of patients with regular peritoneal dialysis.

Methods and Results
We used the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System utilizing its 2005‐2012 data set. Data from patients on regular peritoneal dialysis were retrieved. The primary end point of observation was 3‐year mortality. A total of 3704 patients (mean age 53.5 years, 44% male) were enrolled, and these patients were divided according to baseline serum total bilirubin levels (<0.3, 0.3‐0.4, 0.4‐0.5, 0.5‐0.6, >0.6 mg/dL). Serum total bilirubin level was linearly related to age, incidence of hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. At the end of the observation period with a mean follow‐up of 2.12±1.07 years, 1095 (30.6%) deaths were detected. Serum total bilirubin level and 3‐year mortality rate presented a U‐shaped relationship. Those with serum total bilirubin 0.5 to 0.6 mg/dL had the lowest 3‐year mortality rate (24%). After adjustment for age, sex, underlying systemic disorders, medications, and laboratory discrepancies, serum total bilirubin still played an independent role for predicting 3‐year mortality.

Conclusions
Baseline serum total bilirubin level is significantly associated with 3‐year mortality among patients receiving regular peritoneal dialysis.
Quality of life among gynaecological cancer patients receiving palliative care in Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ogoncho Isaac Machuki , Omuga Blasio Osogo , Wakasiaka Sabina , Muiva Margaret 
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: Cancer and its treatment affects the quality of life in patients. In Africa, there is limited research available on the quality of life among cancer patients. This study describes quality of life in patients with gynaecological cancer attending Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among patients with gynaecological cancer attending the palliative care unit. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adopting the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index, a 25-item quality of life measure containing five subscales. Results: A total of 108 patients were interviewed. The mean total quality of life score was 17.2 (possible range 0 to 30), and the mean global quality of life score was 3.5 (possible range 0 to 5). The following subscale mean scores were recorded: symptom (8.2), transcendent (6.2), function (5.6), interpersonal (5.3) and wellbeing (–2.9) (possible range –30 to 30). Conclusions: The quality of life of patients with gynaecological cancer was moderate, while insufficient attention to patients' psychosocial needs adversely affected patients' perceptions of their quality of life.
Consent and capacity – considerations for the dental team part 2: adults lacking capacity
Authors: Burke Suzanne , Kwasnicki Andrew , Thompson Shelagh , Park Tom , Macpherson Avril 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: Assessment of capacity is a fundamental part of everyday clinical dental practice in all settings. The legal and ethical principles underpinning assessment of capacity, and our responsibility to act in our patients' best interests must be understood by the dental team. The dental team must be aware of how and when to act in the best interests of the adult patient who lacks capacity, and where it is appropriate to seek further advice. The dental profession is in the privileged position of making decisions on behalf of patients, and must fulfil its responsibilities to this potentially vulnerable patient group. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper defines common terms relating to capacity, provides an overview of UK capacity legislation, and discusses how to provide care for adults who lack capacity to consent for their treatment.
Comprensión de textos escritos con el apoyo de conocimientos matemáticos en secundaria básica
Authors: Mainegra Fernández Débora , Miranda Izquierdo Jesús , Cué Infante Jesús 
Published: December 2017

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de un estudio de caso con un grupo de 9no año sobre el trabajo integrado para el logro de la comprensión textual entre las asignaturas Matemática y Lengua Española. Los métodos empleados al nivel teórico fueron: sistematización, análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción. Por su parte, a nivel empírico: análisis documental, encuesta a profesores y a estudiantes de 9no año, observación y prueba pedagógica. Finalmente, se emplearon los métodos de la estadística descriptiva. Los principales resultados fueron la determinación de referentes que sirven de base al desarrollo del trabajo integrado entre Matemática y Lengua Española para el logro de la comprensión textual y un inventario de fortalezas y debilidades que inciden en el referido proceso de la muestra objeto de estudio. Se pudo concluir que entre las principales debilidades, en el caso de Cuba, el trabajo integrado entre las diversas asignaturas no está suficientemente organizado desde el punto de vista metodológico, aunque existen excepciones al respecto en algunos directivos y docentes. Además, se concluye que la comprensión de determinadas tipologías textuales, entre las que destaca la periodística y/o divulgativa, se facilita si se apoya con preguntas para lograr la traducción, interpretación y extrapolación que requieran de conocimientos matemáticos para ser respondidas
Prevalencia de malnutrición según grupos de edad en diferentes comunidades de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014
Authors: Chinnock Anne , Zúñiga Flores Guiselle 
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de problemas en el estado nutricional de los miembros de la familia, según grupos de edad en diferentes comunidades de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014. Métodos: se realizó un análisis de información recolectada por estudiantes de la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad de Costa Rica entre 1997 y 2014. De las familias seleccionadas en cada comunidad, se tomaron los datos de peso y talla de todos los miembros. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron los estándares de crecimiento y puntos de corte recomendados por la Organización Mundial de Salud. Resultados: se presenta la información de 25 encuestas realizadas durante un periodo de 17 años. Con el paso de los años, se observa en los grupos de menor de edad (< 20 años) una reducción en los problemas de déficit en peso y talla, y un aumento en porcentaje de individuos con exceso o riesgo de exceso de peso. En la población de adultos, se observa el mismo fenómeno de aumento en exceso de peso; y en las personas adultos mayores, una disminución en el porcentaje con déficit de peso. Discusión: se compara la información presentada con otras publicaciones que reportan resultados similares y se comenta sobre las causas y consecuencias del problema de exceso de peso. Conclusión: durante el periodo, se encontró una reducción en la prevalencia de déficit en peso y talla en los grupos de menor de edad; y, en peso en personas adultos mayores; además, un aumento en la prevalencia de exceso de peso en todos los grupos de edad.
Effect of Utility Deregulation and Mergers on Consumer Welfare
Authors: Sonenshine Ralph 
Published: December 2017

<p>In the late 1990s, many U.S. states deregulated electric utilities, allowing for competition among power generators. Deregulated states then adopted retail choice programs, allowing customers to choose their power provider. In addition, a significant merger wave among large utilities ensued. How did these events impact consumer welfare? This study examines the effects of utility deregulation and mergers, by analyzing electricity price and output changes among deregulated and regulated states. I find that deregulation may have had a positive effect when states adopted certain measures, such as retail choice or fuel changes, that enhanced competition and lowered costs. Mergers also affected consumer welfare, with differential impacts found between the merger of generation firms versus the merger of generation and transmission companies. </p>
CONCENTRATIONS TEST OF METHANE GAS FROM SWAMP FORAGE SILAGE WITH IN VITRO METHOD
Authors: Sandi Sofia , Gofar Nuni , Sari Meisji Liana , Yosi Fitra , Untari Budi , Kartika Erra 
Published: December 2017

Aims of this study to concentration test of methane gas from swamp forage silage with in vitro methods.This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and each treatment consisted of 5 replications. The treatments used are as follows: P1 (100% kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma)), P2 (50% kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma) + 50% kemon air (Neptunia oleracea lour)), P3 (100% kemon air ( Neptunia oleracea lour)). The parameters observed N-Ammonia, total gas production, methane gas concentrations in vitro and VFA partially. The results of variance showed that treatment significantly different (P <0.05) with methane concentration in vitro with highest gas concentration treatment of silage made from 50% kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma) and 50% kemon air (Neptunia oleracea lour).Keywords: Concentration, Methane, Silage Forage Swamp, In Vitro.
Optimization of Trip-end Networks and Ride Price for Express Coach Systems in the High-speed Rail Era
Authors: Yang Zhongzhen , Cheng Jiannan 
Published: December 2017

Express coach (EC) lost a considerable share of passengers after high-speed rail (HSR) was implemented. This paper proposes a door-to-door operation mode for the EC system and builds a model to design an EC trip-end network in the origin city with the aim of maximizing the EC’s daily operating profit. A case study is undertaken, and the results show that the operating profit of the EC system first increases and then decreases with the growth of the trip-end routes. In the HSR era, door-to-door operation can effectively guarantee the market share and operating profits of the EC.
Assessment of Single European Sky Implementation in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe
Authors: Mihetec Tomislav , Vidović Andrija , Rezo Zvonimir 
Published: December 2017

Implementation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) MasterPlan-defined projects represents a prerequisite for thesuccessful implementation of the Single European Sky initiativedefined by the European Commission in 2004. Theimplementation of ATM-related projects is currently under the responsibility of the Single European Sky Research Programme Deployment Manager. While the definition of projects is being performed at the European Network level, theimplementation is performed through sub-regional grouping of Air Navigation Service Providers in a form of Functional Airspace Blocks. This paper analyses the level of implementation of ATM-related projects in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe and their relation to other Functional Airspace Blocks defined in Europe. From this paper it is obvious that even though the planning of Single European Sky projects is based on the collaborative implementation of Functional Airspace Block level, the real implementation is fragmented and based on national levels.