bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The class III peroxidase PRX17 is a direct target of the MADS‐box transcription factor AGAMOUS‐LIKE15 (AGL15) and participates in lignified tissue formation
Authors: Cosio Claudia , Ranocha Philippe , Francoz Edith , Burlat Vincent , Zheng Yumei , Perry Sharyn E. , Ripoll Juan‐Jose , Yanofsky Martin , Dunand Christophe 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Several physiological functions have been attributed to class III peroxidases (PRXs) in plants, but the in planta role of most members of this family still remains undetermined. Here, we report the first functional characterization of PRX17 (At2g22420), one of the 73 members of this family in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Localization of PRX17 was examined by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutants in A. thaliana were studied. Regulation at the gene and protein levels was analyzed using β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity, quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)‐PCR, zymography, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Phenotypes were characterized including lignin and xylan contents.

PRX17 was expressed in various tissues, including vascular tissues, and PRX17 was localized to the cell wall. In prx17, the lignin content was reduced in the stem and siliques and bolting was delayed, while the opposite phenotype was observed in 35S:PRX17 plants, together with a significant increase of lignin and xylan immunofluorescence signal. Finally, we demonstrated that the transcription factor AGAMOUS‐LIKE15 (AGL15) binds to the PRX17 promoter and regulates PRX17 expression level.

This converging set of structural, transcriptomic and physiological data suggests that PRX17, under the control of AGL15, contributes to developmental programs by playing an essential role in regulating age‐dependent lignified tissue formation, including changes in cell wall properties.
Popularity: Does it magnify associations between popularity prioritization and the bullying and defending behavior of early adolescent boys and girls?
Authors: Duffy Amanda L. , Penn Sarah , Nesdale Drew , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigated the contribution of popularity, popularity prioritization, and gender to the explanation of bullying and defending behavior. Participants were 191 early adolescents (124 girls and 67 boys), aged from 10.9 to 13.6 years. Results revealed that adolescents high on popularity were more likely to bully others. Greater popularity prioritization was also associated with more bullying among boys with high levels, and girls with low levels, of popularity. In addition, popularity was positively related to defending among girls, but not boys. Lower popularity prioritization also contributed to greater defending overall. The implications of these findings for understanding bullying and defending are discussed.
The Legitimacy of Alien Rulers
Authors: Horne Christine , Ben‐Nun Bloom Pazit , Irwin Kyle , Miodownik Dan , Hechter Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the modern world, alien rulers are generally perceived to lack legitimacy. Political legitimacy is important because it is thought to be the principal alternative to coercive institutions. Little empirical evidence supports these claims, however. We devise a laboratory experiment that isolates alienness from other ruler characteristics. The experiment tests whether alien rulers have less legitimacy than native rulers, and whether the ability to punish compensates for this disadvantage. Using American and Israeli college student samples, we find that alien rulers receive less compliance than native rulers, and that the ability to punish does not allow alien rulers to “catch‐up” with native rulers.
Pilot study on the correlation between skin auto‐fluorescence and serum antioxidant enzyme: skin auto‐fluorescence is negatively associated with levels of malondialdehyde
Authors: Yim J. H. , Jeong K. H. , Kim J. Y. , Cho Y. H. , Bae S. J. , Shin M. K. 
Published: August 2016

Background/purposeVarious methods have been used to objectively record skin changes. However, estimating the intrinsic and extrinsic aging of skin remains a challenge. Our objective was to study intrinsic skin aging with respect to patient age and extrinsic photo‐aging of human dorsal (photo‐exposed) and volar (photo‐protected) forearm in vivo through skin auto‐fluorescence (AF). We also examined the correlations between serum antioxidant enzyme, malondialdehyde(MDA), and skin AF.Methods37 healthy volunteers were enrolled. We measured skin AF and its heterogeneity on the dorsal and volar forearms. We also examined serum concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, and MDA levels in every participant.ResultsIn photo‐protected areas, skin AF intensity in the 40 years or older group was significantly higher compared to the group less than 40 years‐old. On the other hand, heterogeneity value was significantly higher in the less than 40 years‐old group in photo‐protected area. With respect to serum antioxidant enzyme and MDA level, only MDA level showed a negative correlation with skin AF intensity in photo‐exposed area.ConclusionWe determined that skin AF intensity of the photo‐protected area reflects intrinsic skin aging. In addition, degree of photo‐aging could be indirectly inferred by skin AF of photo‐exposed area and serum MDA level.
The developmental transcriptome atlas of the biofuel crop Camelina sativa
Authors: Kagale Sateesh , Nixon John , Khedikar Yogendra , Pasha Asher , Provart Nicholas J. , Clarke Wayne E. , Bollina Venkatesh , Robinson Stephen J. , Coutu Cathy , Hegedus Dwayne D. , Sharpe Andrew G. , Parkin Isobel A. P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCamelina sativa is currently being embraced as a viable industrial bio‐platform crop due to a number of desirable agronomic attributes and the unique fatty acid profile of the seed oil that has applications for food, feed and biofuel. The recent completion of the reference genome sequence of C. sativa identified a young hexaploid genome. To complement this work, we have generated a genome‐wide developmental transcriptome map by RNA sequencing of 12 different tissues covering major developmental stages during the life cycle of C. sativa. We have generated a digital atlas of this comprehensive transcriptome resource that enables interactive visualization of expression data through a searchable database of electronic fluorescent pictographs (eFP browser). An analysis of this dataset supported expression of 88% of the annotated genes in C. sativa and provided a global overview of the complex architecture of temporal and spatial gene expression patterns active during development. Conventional differential gene expression analysis combined with weighted gene expression network analysis uncovered similarities as well as differences in gene expression patterns between different tissues and identified tissue‐specific genes and network modules. A high‐quality census of transcription factors, analysis of alternative splicing and tissue‐specific genome dominance provided insight into the transcriptional dynamics and sub‐genome interplay among the well‐preserved triplicated repertoire of homeologous loci. The comprehensive transcriptome atlas in combination with the reference genome sequence provides a powerful resource for genomics research which can be leveraged to identify functional associations between genes and understand the regulatory networks underlying developmental processes.
Efficacy of fluralaner in 17 dogs with sarcoptic mange
Authors: Romero Camilo , Heredia Rafael , Pineda Jocelyn , Serrano Jonathan A. , Mendoza Germán D. , Trápala Porfirio , Cordero Alberto M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThere are few licensed options for the treatment of canine sarcoptic mange.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of fluralaner in dogs with sarcoptic mange infestation.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with a diagnosis of Sarcoptes scabiei based on positive skin scrapings.MethodsA single dose of oral fluralaner was administered according to the manufacturer's instructions. Assessments of pruritus and lesions were performed every 7 days for 1 month.ResultsBy Day 14 post‐treatment, skin scrapings from all dogs were negative for mites. At the beginning of the study there was a negative correlation between body weight of the subject and pruritus [Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) = −0.396, P = 0.007] and a positive correlation between pruritus and lesion severity (PCC 0.755, P = 0.0001). Significant decreases in lesion size and pruritus were observed within the first 14–21 days, respectively, and improvement in these parameters continued until the end of the study at Day 28.ConclusionFluralaner was effective in eliminating scabies mites within 14 days and significantly resolved the clinical signs associated with sarcoptic mange within 21 days after a single dose.
RELIGIOUS HYPOTHESES AND THE APOPHATIC, RELATIONAL THEOLOGY OF CATHERINE KELLER
Authors: Wegter‐McNelly Kirk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn one of its most urgent folds, Catherine Keller's Cloud of the Impossible juxtaposes negative theology with relational theology for the sake of thinking constructively about today's global climate of religious conflict and ecological upheaval. The tension between these two theological approaches reflects her desire to unsay past harmful theological speech but also to speak into the present silences about the (perhaps im)possibility of a future that is not only to be feared. Suffusing Keller's Cloud is the related (perhaps im)possibility of living out one's life in conversation with a religious tradition having accepted the nonknowing character of its wisdom. Here, I develop the notion of “hypothetical faith” as an epistemic posture that commits itself to some particular religious tradition even as it acknowledges the unverifiability of that tradition's deepest truths. Understood as operating at the opposite end of the testability spectrum from science, religion‐as‐hypothesis provides a way of saying and unsaying one's tradition at the same time.
ENFOLDING VIOLENCE, UNFOLDING HOPE: EMERGING CLOUDS OF POSSIBILITY FOR WOMEN IN ROMAN CATHOLICISM
Authors: Carpenter Colleen Mary 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn an effort to think through possible impossibilities, and enfold current problems within Catholicism into the luminous darkness of the cloud of the im/possible, this response to Catherine Keller's Cloud of the Impossible considers what might happen should Keller's cloud of mindful unknowing and nonseparable difference billow over and through one particular Catholic conundrum: how to respond to the terrifying reality of domestic violence in the context of a marriage defined as indissoluble, imperishable—inescapable.
INTO TERRA INCOGNITA: CHARTING BEYOND PETER HARRISON'S THE TERRITORIES OF SCIENCEAND RELIGION
Authors: Fuller Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeter Harrison's The Territories of Science and Religion throws down a serious challenge to advocates of dialogue as the primary means of engagement between science and religion. This article accepts the validity of this challenge and looks at four possible responses to it. The first—a return to the past—is rejected. The remaining three—exploring new epistemic frameworks for the encounter of science and religion, broadening out the engagement beyond the context of the physical sciences and Western culture, and looking at ways in which scientific and theological practitioners may collaborate on practical problems—are all offered as potential ways in which science and religion may engage with one another, in ways which move beyond Harrison's critique.
WHEN MUST A PATIENT SEEK HEALTHCARE? BRINGING THE PERSPECTIVES OF ISLAMIC JURISTS AND CLINICIANS INTO DIALOGUE
Authors: Qureshi Omar , Padela Aasim I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMuslim physicians and Islamic jurists analyze the moral dimensions of biomedicine using different tools and processes. While the deliberations of these two classes of experts involve judgments about the deliverables of the other's respective fields, Islamic jurists and Muslim physicians rarely engage in discussions about the constructs and epistemic frameworks that motivate their analyses. The lack of dialogue creates gaps in knowledge and leads to imprecise guidance. In order to address these discursive and conceptual gaps we describe the sources of knowledge and reasoning employed by Islamic jurists and clinicians to resolve the question of when a patient must seek healthcare. As we examine both the scriptural evidence and legal reasoning of jurists and the types of medical evidence used by clinicians to address the same question, we draw attention to the epistemic frameworks and constructs at play and identify how constructs from one field may sharpen the deliberative exercises of the other. Hence our work advances discourses at the intersection of Islam and medicine and offers building blocks for a comprehensive Islamic framework that fully integrates the deliverables of medical science within the deliberations of Islamic jurists.
KlebSeq, a Diagnostic Tool for Surveillance, Detection, and Monitoring of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Bowers Jolene R. , Lemmer Darrin , Sahl Jason W. , Pearson Talima , Driebe Elizabeth M. , Wojack Bette , Saubolle Michael A. , Engelthaler David M. , Keim Paul 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Health care-acquired infections (HAIs) kill tens of thousands of people each year and add significantly to health care costs. Multidrug-resistant and epidemic strains are a large proportion of HAI agents, and multidrug-resistant strains of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, a leading HAI agent, have caused an urgent public health crisis. In the health care environment, patient colonization by
K. pneumoniae
precedes infection, and transmission via colonization leads to outbreaks. Periodic patient screening for
K. pneumoniae
colonization has the potential to curb the number of HAIs. In this report, we describe the design and validation of KlebSeq, a highly informative screening tool that detects
Klebsiella
species and identifies clinically important strains and characteristics by using highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing without a live-culturing step. We demonstrate the utility of this tool on several complex specimen types, including urine, wound swabs and tissue, and several types of respiratory and fecal specimens, showing
K. pneumoniae
species and clonal group identification and antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling, including capsule typing. Use of this amplicon sequencing tool to screen patients for
Klebsiella
carriage could inform health care staff of the risk of infection and outbreak potential. KlebSeq also serves as a model for next-generation molecular tools for public health and health care, as expansion of this tool can be used for several other HAI agents or applications.
Assuring the Quality of Next-Generation Sequencing in Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratories
Authors: Gargis Amy S. , Kalman Lisa , Lubin Ira M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Clinical microbiology and public health laboratories are beginning to utilize next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a range of applications. This technology has the potential to transform the field by providing approaches that will complement, or even replace, many conventional laboratory tests. While the benefits of NGS are significant, the complexities of these assays require an evolving set of standards to ensure testing quality. Regulatory and accreditation requirements, professional guidelines, and best practices that help ensure the quality of NGS-based tests are emerging. This review highlights currently available standards and guidelines for the implementation of NGS in the clinical and public health laboratory setting, and it includes considerations for NGS test validation, quality control procedures, proficiency testing, and reference materials.
Commentary: Automatic Digital Plate Reading for Surveillance Cultures
Authors: Kirn Thomas J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

The automation of specimen processing and culture workup has rapidly emerged in clinical microbiology laboratories throughout the world and more recently in the United States. While many U.S. laboratories have implemented some form of automated specimen processing and some have begun performing digital plate reading, automated colony analysis is just beginning to be utilized clinically. In this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
, M. L. Faron et al. (J Clin Microbiol 54:2470–2475, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01040-16
) report the results of their evaluation of the performance of the WASPLab Chromogenic Detection Module (CDM) for categorizing chromogenic agar plates as negative or “nonnegative” for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Their major finding was 100% sensitivity for detection of “nonnegative” specimens using CDM compared to manual methods for specimens plated on two different types of VRE chromogenic agar plates. Additionally, utilization of digital plate reading in conjunction with automated colony analysis was predicted to result in significant savings based on greatly reduced labor costs.
Commentary: Next-Generation Sequencing: a Diagnostic One-Stop Shop for Hepatitis C?
Authors: Poljak Mario 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Before starting chronic hepatitis C treatment, the viral genotype/subtype has to be accurately determined and potentially coupled with drug resistance testing. Due to the high genetic variability of the hepatitis C virus, this can be a demanding task that can potentially be streamlined by viral whole-genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing as demonstrated by an article in this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
by E. Thomson, C. L. C. Ip, A. Badhan, M. T. Christiansen, W. Adamson, et al. (J Clin Microbiol. 54:2455–2469, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00330-16
).
RIG-I-Mediated STING Upregulation Restricts Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection
Authors: Liu Yiliu , Goulet Marie-Line , Sze Alexandre , Hadj Samar Bel , Belgnaoui Sidi Mehdi , Lababidi Rassin R. , Zheng Chunfu , Fritz Jörg Hermann , Olagnier David , Lin Rongtuan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

STING has emerged in recent years as a key player in orchestrating innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA and RNA derived from pathogens. However, the regulation of STING still remains poorly defined. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the regulation of STING expression in relation to the RIG-I pathway. Our data show that signaling through RIG-I induces STING expression at both the transcriptional and protein levels in various cell types. STING induction by the RIG-I agonist 5′triphosphorylated RNA (5′pppRNA) was recognized to be a delayed event resulting from an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Indeed, cotreatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha and type I/II interferon was found to have a synergistic effect on the regulation of STING expression and could be potently decreased by impairing NF-κB and/or STAT1/2 signaling. STING induction significantly contributed to sustainment of the immune signaling cascade following 5′pppRNA treatment. Physiologically, this cross talk between the RNA- and DNA-sensing pathways allowed 5′pppRNA to efficiently block infection by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) both
in vitro
and
in vivo
in a STING-dependent fashion. These observations demonstrate that STING induction by RIG-I signaling through the NF-κB and STAT1/2 cascades is essential for RIG-I agonist-mediated HSV-1 restriction.

IMPORTANCE
The innate immune system represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens. The dysregulation of this system can result in failure to combat pathogens, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Thus, precise regulation at each level of the innate immune system is crucial. Recently, a number of studies have established STING to be a central molecule in the innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and RNA derived from pathogens. Here, we describe the regulation of STING via RIG-I-mediated innate immune sensing. We found that STING is synergistically induced via proinflammatory and antiviral cytokine cascades. In addition, we show that
in vivo
protection against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) by a RIG-I agonist required STING. Our study provides new insights into the cross talk between DNA and RNA pathogen-sensing systems via the control of STING.
Human IFIT1 Inhibits mRNA Translation of Rubulaviruses but Not Other Members of the Paramyxoviridae Family
Authors: Young D. F. , Andrejeva J. , Li X. , Inesta-Vaquera F. , Dong C. , Cowling V. H. , Goodbourn S. , Randall R. E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe have previously shown that IFIT1 is primarily responsible for the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) alpha/beta against parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5), selectively inhibiting the translation of PIV5 mRNAs. Here we report that while PIV2, PIV5, and mumps virus (MuV) are sensitive to IFIT1, nonrubulavirus members of the paramyxoviridae such as PIV3, Sendai virus (SeV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) are resistant. The IFIT1 sensitivity of PIV5 was not rescued by coinfection with an IFIT1-resistant virus (PIV3), demonstrating that PIV3 does not specifically inhibit the antiviral activity of IFIT1 and that the inhibition of PIV5 mRNAs is regulated bycis-acting elements. We developed anin vitrotranslation system using purified human IFIT1 to further investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1. While the translations of PIV2, PIV5, and MuV mRNAs were directly inhibited by IFIT1, the translations of PIV3, SeV, and CDV mRNAs were not. Using purified human mRNA-capping enzymes, we show biochemically that efficient inhibition by IFIT1 is dependent upon a 5′ guanosine nucleoside cap (which need not be N7 methylated) and that this sensitivity is partly abrogated by 2′O methylation of the cap 1 ribose. Intriguingly, PIV5 M mRNA, in contrast to NP mRNA, remained sensitive to inhibition by IFIT1 followingin vitro2′O methylation, suggesting that other structural features of mRNAs may influence their sensitivity to IFIT1. Thus, surprisingly, the viral polymerases (which have 2′-O-methyltransferase activity) of rubulaviruses do not protect these viruses from inhibition by IFIT1. Possible biological consequences of this are discussed.IMPORTANCEParamyxoviruses cause a wide variety of diseases, and yet most of their genes encode structural proteins and proteins involved in their replication cycle. Thus, the amount of genetic information that determines the type of disease that paramyxoviruses cause is relatively small. One factor that will influence disease outcomes is how they interact with innate host cell defenses, including the interferon (IFN) system. Here we show that different paramyxoviruses interact in distinct ways with cells in a preexisting IFN-induced antiviral state. Strikingly, all the rubulaviruses tested were sensitive to the antiviral action of ISG56/IFIT1, while all the other paramyxoviruses tested were resistant. We developed novelin vitrobiochemical assays to investigate the mechanism of action of IFIT1, demonstrating that the mRNAs of rubulaviruses can be directly inhibited by IFIT1 and that this is at least partially because their mRNAs are not correctly methylated.