bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incipient caries lesions: from concept to actual treatment approaches
Authors: Araújo Diana , Alencar Marina , Freitas Maria Cristina , Azevedo Larissa , Atta Maria , Wang Linda 
Published: March 2017

The concepts introduced by the Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) allowed the rising of new conservative treatment and assessment system for caries lesions’ classification. In this context, the approaches of the incipient caries lesions surpass the use of only traditional restorative techniques. The aim of this study was to review the new caries classifications criteria (ICDAS and CAST), the importance of the early diagnosis of caries lesions and the clinical procedures for treatment in MID.
Influence of photocuring and storage time on the volumetric change of resin modified glass ionomer cements
Authors: Vieira Ian , Atta Maria 
Published: March 2017

AIM: This study evaluated the effect of photoativation and storage on the hygroscopic expansion of resin modified glass ionomers (Vitremer-3M/ESPE, Fuji II LC-GC Int., Vitro Fil LC-DFL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The RMGIC were manipulated according to the manufacturer’s instructions, inserted into a mold and kept in a darkness box for 15 minutes. Then, the samples were distributed into four groups (n=5): light-cured for 20s, light-cured for 40s, light-cured for 60s and not light-cured (control group). Each sample was storage in distilled water at 37ºC. The measurements of volumetric changes were made in three different times of storage: 24 hours, 7 days and 30 days. Volumetric changes were determined using Archimedes principle. Means and standard deviations values were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test to compare significance between the groups (α=0,05). RESULTS: All materials underwent volumetric expansion after 30 days. Vitremer showed the less expansion when no light-cured. The time of light-cure did not influence the volumetric change, except for Fuji II LC, that showed great expansion when activated for 60s. Vitro Fil LC showed some degree of shrinkage after 7 days. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that photocuring can influence the volumetric change of resin modified glass ionomer cement.
Evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alcoholic solution and aqueous extract of bee propolis against enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Volpato Cristiane , Só Bruna Barcelos , Bruggemann Rafaela , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo 
Published: March 2017

AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of propolis at 1% and 3% concentrations against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 19433). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Initially, the microbial suspension was seeded in a Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA) culture medium, distributed in 20 Petri dishes. Then, 4 soaked filter paper discs were placed on the surface of the inoculated medium of each plate for 1 minute in 1 mL of the following substances: C+ (positive control, n=20): 2% chlorhexidine gel; C- (negative control, n=20): saline solution; S1 (n=10): 1% bee propolis alcoholic solution; S2 (n=10): 3% bee propolis alcoholic solution; E1 (n=10): 1% aqueous propolis extract; E2 (n=10): 3% aqueous propolis extract. One filter paper disc of each (C+, C-, S1 and S2) was placed in a set of 10 Petri dishes, whereas one filter paper disc of each (C+, C-, E1 and E2) was placed in the other set of 10 Petri dishes. RESULTS: The results obtained after incubation at 37°C for 24 hours under microaerobic conditions revealed that S2 showed higher mean levels of microbial growth inhibition as compared to E1, E2 and S1. There were no significantly statically differences between the groups, except for the S2 group and C- group. Mean levels in all other groups were lower than in the C+ group. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that 1% and 3% bee propolis alcoholic solution had lower antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis as compared to 2% chlorhexidine gel.
The use of botulinum toxin as a way of treatment for gingival smile: case report
Authors: Brum Cristiane Romani Pedro Antônio , Coleta Roberto Dela , Lunardi Nadia , Boeck Eloisa Marcantonio , Pizzol Karina Eiras Dela Coleta 
Published: March 2017

Gingival smile is defined as excessive gum exposition. Its etiology may be related to several factors, among them a maxillary vertical excess, superior dentoalveolar protrusion, changed passive extrusion and or eruption of anterior-superior teeth and hyperactivity of superior lip lift muscle. In cases in which the etiological factor is from muscle, the use of Botulinum toxin typo A (BTX-A) should be indicated. To highlight the benefits obtained with therapeutic use of this substance, the authors describe a clinical case of a female young patient, in which the Botox® was applied to correct gingival smile as a way to complement the orthodontic treatment. The applications were performed in two lateral points on the nose wing in a single session. The result was very satisfactory and there was no need additional dose. The authors concluded that BTX-A is a safe option and minimum invasive for treatment of gingival smile when provoked by muscle hypercontraction. Its side effects are rare with discrete discomfort during the application.
A multidisciplinary approach to restoration of severely worn dentition: a case report
Authors: Sreekumar A V , PC Mohammed Sajeer , Chengappa Levin 
Published: March 2017

Severe caries, attrition and developemental anomalies of anterior teeth lead to loss of anterior guidance. This in turn causes attrition of posterior teeth and loss of occlusal vertical dimension of occlusion. To gain the space for esthetic rehabilitation in these cases is challenging task. The required space can be achieved by crown lengthening and increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion within physiologic limits. We hereby have presented a case report showing the treatment procedure of a patient with severly worn dentition in a simple and systematic multidisciplinary approach to improve the function as well as aesthetics, that also remains in harmony with the entire gnathostomatic system.
UTILIZAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO JOGO ARRANHA CÉU ADAPTADO PARA O ENSINO/APRENDIZAGEM DO CONTEÚDO: DOENÇAS TRANSMITIDAS PELA ÁGUA.
Authors: Sabino Claudia Vilhena Schayer , Amaral Fernando Costa , Lima Maurício Araujo , Sabino George Schayer 
Published: March 2017

<p class="ResumoRevista">O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar o jogo arranha céu para o ensino/aprendizagem de doenças transmitidas pela água e avaliar a eficácia do mesmo. O jogo foi aplicado a uma turma do sexto período de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas com 32 alunos. A avaliação da eficácia consistiu de um pré-teste, pós-teste e um questionário avaliativo sobre o jogo. A estratégia de ensino proposta se mostrou eficiente e atrativa, pois houve um aumento significativo do aprendizado. Todos os participantes consideraram a atividade apropriada para o aprendizado.</p>
ENSINO DE BOTÂNICA: METODOLOGIAS, CONCEPÇÕES DE ENSINO E CURRÍCULO
Authors: Dutra Ana Paula , Güllich Roque Ismael da Costa 
Published: March 2017

<p>Este trabalho busca apresentar uma pesquisa documental, através de análise temática de conteúdos, referente às diferentes metodologias e categorias de currículo que perpassam/embasam o ensino de botânica no Brasil. Assim como, discutir algumas das metodologias encontradas em trabalhos publicados na sessão de ensino, nos anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Botânica, promovidos pela Sociedade Brasileira de Botânica entre os anos de 2004 até 2013, a saber: Trilha ecológica, atividades práticas, ensino de Botânica interdisciplinar, jogos didáticos, aulas práticas de campo, glossário, recursos visuais, cursos de formação, manual didático, materiais didáticos e modelos, herbário, trilhas interpretativas, aplicação de questionários, redes sociais, atlas digital, horta escolar, jardim didático, etnobotânica, paródias musicais. Na perspectiva de compreender os processos de ensino de botânica no que tange as teorias de currículo, classificamos os trabalhos em caráter tradicional (60:106), crítico (28:106) e pós-crítico(18:106). A análise permitiu reconhecer estratégias de formação de professores e de ensino de Ciências e Biologia, para os conteúdos botânicos. A diversidade de trabalhos nos remete a questionamentos verificando que muito se discute currículo, formas de ensinar, refletir, repensar, refazer o ensino brasileiro, porém pouco tem avançado em termos de significação e identidade curricular, assim como, discutir a formação de professores nesta área.</p>
Studies on New Chemical Tracers for Determination of Residual Oil Saturation in the Inter-Well Region
Authors: Silva Mario , Stray Helge , Bjørnstad Tor 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the results from the stability experiments carried out on a selected set of chemical compounds. These experiments represent one of the steps for their qualification as oil/water partitioning tracers for measurement of residual oil saturation in the inter-well region.
Single-well chemical tracer tests (SWCTT) are a proven tool, frequent in the industry, to measure residual oil saturation (SO) in the near well region. SWCTT are "push-and-pull" tests where an oil/water partitioning ester will partially hydrolyze, generating a passive water tracer, often an alcohol. Oil saturation is then determined from the lag in back production experienced by the ester in relation to the passive water tracer produced during the test. Partitioning inter-well tracer tests (PITT) explore the same delay experienced by the partitioning tracer to determine SO in the swept volume between an injector and one or more producers in an oilfield. Unlike SWCTT, PITT are not frequently used in the industry, and a small number of compounds is qualified as tracer in this application. The development of new PITT tracers will help to widen the use of this technology, which has the potential to significantly contribute to enhance efficiency in oil production.
To be used as oil reservoir PITT tracers, the candidate compounds must perform as required by the application under static stability and dynamic experiments. In this work, fifteen PITT tracer candidates from four families of chemicals were tested for thermal, chemical and biological stability in reservoir temperature conditions, ranging from 25 °C to 150 °C. Their interaction with three types of rock materials (sandstone, limestone and kaolinite) was also investigated in the same range of temperatures. Results suggest that six of the investigated compounds possess suitable characteristics for use as PITT tracers, while another five compounds may be used to retrieve other information from the reservoir, such as temperature or geochemical data.
Water Flowback Analysis and Hydraulic Fracture Characterization in Marcellus Unconventional Reservoir
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Wu Xingru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The characterization of hydraulic fractures is critical in well performance evaluation and production forecast. In practice, many inverse methods such as tracer analysis, micro-seismic and acoustic sensors are applied to quantify the geometry of the created fractures. Unlike the above methods that involve additional measurements, this study focuses on the water production by studying their flowback volumes, chemistry and their relationships with fracture characteristics. In this study, the flowback water data are used to analyze hydraulic fractures' characteristics.
According to the flowback water analysis for hydraulically fractured wells in Marcellus based upon ion mass transport, it is easy to notice that, in most cases, fracture network with smaller apertures generates lower water recovery and higher flowback ions concentration simultaneously, and vice versa. By study the flowback water, the average width of fractures can be roughly estimated.
A Case Study of Energy Storage Stimulation for Ultra-Low Permeability Oil Reservoir
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Kai , Jiang Tao , Yu LiMin , Bao ZhiDong , Lv Jiateng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Tight oil reservoir has the characteristic of low porosity (average of 8%), ultra-low permeability (average of 0.1 mD), low abundance and high clay content. The conventional fracturing techniques in exploration area was not successful in some cases, a novel series of horizontal well energy-storage fracturing techniques is proposed to improve the conventional fracturing technique, which based on increasing modified volume and replenishing formation energy. This technology involves in spacing optimization along the horizontal well section, optimization of fracturing fluid parameter, and forming complex network cracks. Afterwards, well shut-in can store energy and contribute to oil/water replacement. A total of 6 horizontal wells with 73 sections were tested in the field with successfully oil testing up to 95% after the techniques, which produces a good industrial oil flow. Furthermore, the single-well production can approach 8-10 times higher than that from the straight wells and 2-3 times higher than that from other horizontal wells in the same well block. The energy-storage fracturing technique provides a technical support for prospection and development of tight oil reservoir.
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Development and Well Performance Using Limited Entry Perforations
Authors: Huang Jixiang , Datta-Gupta Akhil , Augustine Jody R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Production logs from horizontal wells in shale reservoirs indicate that more than 30% of the perforation clusters do not contribute to production. One major reason is recognized as the stress shadow effect which impedes the propagation of the interior fractures within a single fracture stage. Although limited entry perforations have been successfully introduced in horizontal wells to counteract this completion inefficiency, the complex mechanisms involved have not been fully understood.
In this paper, a fully integrated workflow that incorporates fracture propagation, reservoir flow and wellbore hydraulics has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of limited entry perforations during multiple simultaneous fracture propagation. Darcy–Weisbach and classic orifice flow equations are adopted to describe the wellbore and perforation friction. The coupled reservoir and geomechanics model are solved by finite element code while a cohesive zone model, which accounts for the significant non-linear effects near fracture tip over the conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics, is used to simulate the fracturing process.
During the stimulation of multiple fractures, uneven fluid distribution will be observed once the fractures begin to interfere with each other. Meantime, the difference in perforation pressure loss due to uneven fluid rates will counteract the stress shadow effects and balance fluid distribution. Thus, a larger perforation friction coefficient is favorable but it also causes higher pumping pressure. A novel proppant model is proposed to represent both stress- and time-dependent fracture conductivity change due to proppant degradation in subsequent long-term production. Production simulation results demonstrate that deliberate deployment of limited entry technique can significantly increase production but this benefit is reduced with increased cluster spacing. Sensitivity study indicates that better well performance could be obtained by reducing number of shots in each cluster and increasing number of clusters in each stage. Non-uniform perforation shots distribution is proven to be an effective means to counteract the stress shadow effects while the cluster length is unchanged. Simulation results also indicate how the heterogeneity in reservoir properties affects the performance of limited entry perforations.
The proposed workflow has the advantage to integrate fracturing and production simulation in the same grid system and evaluate performance of different stimulation strategies. The comparison studies can provide critical insights to the application of engineered limited entry.
Applying Enhanced Cyclic Diversion Process in Granite Wash Open Annulus Horizontal Completion
Authors: Sullivan Lonnie , Grieser Bill 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper describes methods to alter the flow path in the open annulus section of a horizontal Granite Wash stimulation completion. The challenge was to complete a 1,600-ft open annulus section using standard plug and perf (P&P) stimulation methods. The objective was to isolate and initiate individual fractures at each stage in an open annulus environment.
Altering the flow of proppant and fluid in the open annulus and near wellbore (NWB) involved multiple products, and procedures. This included cyclic application of the following:
Pump rates and intra stage shut-ins. Fluid types and viscosity-alteration (friction reducer and crosslinker). Proppant slurry and clean fluid sweep stages. Solid diverters. Chemical surface modification agents (SMAs) and resin-coated proppant (RCP).
The objectives were to cycle the bottomhole treating pressure (BHTP) and alter the flow path in the wellbore, annulus, NWB, and far field, while maintaining annulus and casing integrity.
A cyclic but continuous bottomhole pressure (BHP) increase was observed throughout the four stimulation stages pumped in the open annulus section. The surface pressure characteristic signature changed after each shut-in. Perforation operations in the open annulus sections above a completed stage did not indicate proppant inflow through the new perforations. The drill out of plugs in the open annulus section circulated trace amounts of untreated proppant. Initial flow back operations showed minimal proppant flowing to surface. Strong production results indicate contribution from 40% of the lateral section that had no annular isolation. Normalized production is compared to adjacent offset.
Our use of an enhanced cyclic diversion process (ECDP) was a success. Instead of using a single product or process; we used a cyclic combination of solid diverters, proppant coatings, prop/sweep stages, and shut-ins to deliver a variable BHTP and altered flow paths.
PTA Powder Hardbanding Provides Cost Savings and Extends Life of Drill Pipes in Permian Basin Formations
Authors: Omojuwa Emmanuel , Acquaye James , Hart Jamie , Okoye Ekene 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) powder hardbanding was developed to provide cost savings and extend drill pipe life over wire hardbanding especially in highly abrasive formations. PTA powder hardbanding is a metallurgical bonding (welding) process of depositing powdered hardfacing alloys onto magnetic & nonmagnetic drill pipe tool joints, collars and heavy weight drill pipes to protect both casing and drill string assets from abrasive wear. The process involves the application of a constricted high energy plasma arc between a powder alloy and the base material, creating a molten weld pool. This paper presents the operational and cost benefits from the utilization of PTA powder hardbanding. The high energy heat during welding is localized which minimizes the heat affected zone (HAZ), thus retaining mechanical properties in the base metal. PTA powder hardbanding process produces an overlay that has high bonding and overlay with better mechanical wear and corrosion properties than wire hardbanding process. Additional benefits of PTA powder hardbanding over conventional wire hardbanding include: controlled heat inputs with parameter optimization, low dilution of powdered alloy into the base material, uniform weld microstructure & smoother surface and lesser amounts of steel is lost after hardband wear.
PTA powder hardbanding reapplication is dependent on wear and cracking of existing hardband. PTA powder can be reapplied on wire hardbands and vice versa. PTA powder hardband was subjected to casing wear test according to API 7CW standard. Results from the casing wear test proved that the PTA powder hardband is a better casing friendly hardband compared to wire hardbands based on the casing wear percentage, mass lost, contact pressure threshold and tool joint wear in open hole. Field results from an operator in the Delaware Basin, New Mexico show a higher frequency of wire hardbanding reapplication (average of 1 joint every 2 wells) while PTA power hardbanded pipes show lower frequency of reapplication (average of 1 joint every 6 wells).
Geopolymer Cements: How Can You Plug and Abandon a Well with New Class of Cheap Efficient Sealing Materials
Authors: Salehi Saeed , Ezeakacha Chinedum Peter , Khattak M. J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Plug and Abandonment, P&A, operation is inevitable for each and every well. Most oil and gas wells are plugged at lowest cost possible complying with requirements set by regulatory agencies. Geopolymers can be used as an alternative material for P&A operations. Unlike many other alternatives such as resin, they are cost efficient and easy to pump down the wellbore. They can be mixed easily onsite and activated by addition of an alkali activator. The research presented in this paper shows they can have a good pumpability, low shrinkage, and high compressive and shear bond strength.
The Geopolymer mixtures in this work were composed of Class F Fly Ash rich in Silicate and Aluminum, with elements of Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Sodium, and Titanium. A mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate was used to activate the Fly Ash mixtures. Geopolymer mixture designs tested in this work showed high compressive strength, low shrinkage, and suitable thickening time for applications in well abandonment. In addition, these alternative P&A materials can be produced cheaper with less environmental impact, which is a proper fit in the applications oil and gas well cementing.
Using Type Wells to Economically Schedule DUC Well Completions
Authors: Dash T. , Scott D. W. , Kwok C. K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In response to the low hydrocarbon price environment, most operators have decreased the number of rigs actively drilling wells (Cui 2016, Chapman et al. 2016). However, the production decline in wells completed in a given timeframe has undergone far more change than the count of active rigs. In many cases, wells must be drilled to meet contractual lease obligations but are not being completed due to uncertain economic conditions.
Type curves are valuable tools to predict future performance of such drilled-but-uncompleted (DUC) wells by analyzing results of existing wells exhibiting similar characteristics. It is reasonable to assume, while considering reservoir characterization and completion engineering, that existing wells can predict the performance of future wells. However, to generate a larger sample size with which to construct the type curves, data can be normalized by a particular variable. A normalized curve is then scaled by an adjustment associated with the new well to produce its expected production profile. This same process also allows type curves to be applied to other areas with different reservoir properties or completion parameters. Analysis focuses on applying normalized type curves to estimate DUC well performance and populate a ranking system to guide the completion planning process. Reservoir material balance and surface network simulation are also utilized to understand subsurface effects and identify possible facility constraints above ground. Additionally, there is a brief discussion regarding type well best practices to aid in the analysis.