bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of restoration efforts in the freshwater Everglades on the salinity regime of Florida Bay
Authors: Marshall Frank E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFlorida Bay is a subtropical estuary in Everglades National Park with a salinity regime that is hydrology‐dependent but also affected by Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean coastal connections, wind forcing, and geophysical factors. In South Florida significant changes have been made to the regional hydrology including water diversions out of the historical Everglades. This has reduced freshwater flows and levels in the upstream wetlands and increased salinity in Florida Bay thereby negatively impacting this coastal ecosystem. Because Florida Bay salinity is sufficiently correlated with upstream freshwater wetland stage, tide elevation, and wind vectors, statistical (multiple‐variable linear regression) salinity models were developed from observed data. These models were then used to simulate the salinity variability in Florida Bay resulting from implementation of seven Everglades hydrologic restoration alternatives, including two natural landscape scenarios. Salinity reductions were compared to existing conditions regionally and Bay‐wide. For all modeled restoration scenarios in all regions of the Bay, mean salinity was reduced 1–3 psu compared to exiting conditions. The statistical significance of the salinity reductions was evaluated using 95% confidence intervals for the simulated mean, and all reductions were statistically significant. Even though the reduced salinities resulting from each of the restoration alternatives are important ecosystem improvements to Florida Bay, the reductions were not enough to fully meet the established restoration salinity targets for the Bay.
Effect of Cortical Screw Diameter on Reduction and Stabilization of Type III Distal Phalanx Fractures: An Equine Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kay Alastair T. , Durgam Sushmitha , Stewart Matthew , Joslyn Stephen , Schaeffer David J. , Horn Gavin , Kesler Richard , Chew Peter 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo compare reduction of type III distal phalangeal fractures using 4.5 and 5.5 mm cortical screws placed in lag fashion and an intact hoof capsule model.Study DesignCadaveric experimental study.Sample Population: Hooves from 12 adult horses (n=24).MethodsSagittal fractures were created in pairs of distal phalanges after distal interphalangeal joint disarticulation and were reduced with either 4.5 or 5.5 mm cortical screws placed in lag fashion. Contralateral phalanges served as non‐reduced controls. Fracture reduction following screw placement was assessed by comparing pre‐reduction and post‐reduction fracture gap measurements from radiographs using paired t‐tests. Effects of incremental loading (0, 135, 270, 540, 800, 1070, and 1335 kg) on fracture gaps in 6 phalanges reduced with 4.5 mm screws and 5 phalanges reduced with 5.5 mm screws were measured from fluoroscopic images and assessed by 2‐way ANOVA. Significance was set at P<.05.ResultsType III distal phalanx fractures were reliably created. Only 5.5 mm cortical screws, not 4.5 mm screws, significantly reduced fracture gaps and constrained fracture gap expansion 3 cm distal to the articular surface. Compressive loading closed the fracture gaps at the articular surface in both non‐reduced control groups and those reduced with either 5.5 or 4.5 mm screws.ConclusionThe 5.5 mm cortical screws were more effective than 4.5 mm screws in reducing type III distal phalanx fractures and restricting distal fracture gap expansion under load.
Transdiaphragmatic Approach to Attenuate Porto‐Azygos Shunts Inserting in the Thorax
Authors: Or Matan , Kitshoff Adriaan , Devriendt Nausikaa , De Ridder Marianne , Quist‐Rybachuk Galena , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique and document the application of a transdiaphragmatic approach to attenuate porto‐azygos shunts inserting in the thoracic section of the azygos vein.Study DesignCadaveric study and prospective case series.AnimalsCanine cadavers (n=6) and client‐owned dogs with porto‐azygos shunts inserting in the thoracic section of the azygos vein (n=9).MethodsIn the cadavers, the azygos vein was filled with aqueous latex. Landmarks were established for creating a safe transdiaphragmatic approach to the caudal intrathoracic portion of the azygos vein. In the clinical cases, porto‐azygos communication was diagnosed by trans‐splenic portal scintigraphy. All shunts were attenuated close to their insertion site via ventral midline celiotomy and a transdiaphragmatic approach to the shunt. Perioperative complications were recorded.ResultsA 3–5 cm incision, 0.5–1 cm ventral and lateral to the level of the aortic hiatus, was made in the pars lumbalis part of the diaphragm. Stay sutures at both sides of the diaphragmatic incision were placed to open up the incision and a retractor was used to push the esophagus away from the aorta. Intrathoracic insertion of the shunt was confirmed intraoperative. Exposure of the shunt insertion site at the azygos vein was excellent in all clinical cases. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered.ConclusionIf thoracic attenuation of a porto‐azygos shunt is considered, a transdiaphragmatic approach exposes the insertion site for shunt attenuation. This approach is straightforward, without unnecessary abdominal organ manipulation, and since attenuates at the insertion, avoids missing additional contributing branches.
Effect of Dose on Intra‐Articular Amikacin Sulfate Concentrations Following Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion in Horses
Authors: Harvey Alison , Kilcoyne Isabelle , Byrne Barbara A. , Nieto Jorge 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo compare synovial concentrations of amikacin following intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) with two different doses, and to compare their ability to reach target concentrations for bacterial isolates from common orthopedic conditions.Study DesignRandomized crossover experiment.AnimalsSix adult horses.MethodsHorses received IVRLP with 2 and 3 g of amikacin in the cephalic vein of alternate limbs (20 minutes tourniquet application and ≥14 days washout period). Amikacin concentrations were quantified in synovial fluid collected from the middle carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints at 25 minutes, and 24, 36, and 48 hours after IVRLP. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined from equine bacterial isolates and ability to reach target amikacin concentrations were compared.ResultsOverall, middle carpal joint amikacin concentrations were higher following IVRLP with 3 g amikacin compared to 2 g (P=.031), with significant differences at 25 minutes (P=.002) and 24 hours (P=.021). No differences were observed between doses in the metacarpophalangeal joint (P=.267). Target amikacin concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative staphylococci were achieved in middle carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints at 25 minutes with both dosages and for Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus spp. in the middle carpal joint at 25 minutes with 3 g. Target concentrations were not achieved for Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, or Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus.ConclusionA 3 g amikacin dose is not justified in the majority of distal limb injuries, but should be reserved for isolates with an MIC higher than that achievable with a 2 g dose. Daily IVRLP may be necessary based on our results.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy promotes wound repair in ischemic and hyperglycemic conditions, increasing tissue perfusion and collagen deposition
Authors: André‐Lévigne Dominik , Modarressi Ali , Pignel Rodrigue , Bochaton‐Piallat Marie‐Luce , Pittet‐Cuénod Brigitte 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe treatment of chronic wounds remains inconsistent and empirical. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a promising method to improve wound repair but there is still a lack of understanding of its mechanisms of action and its indications are not yet clearly defined. We studied the effects of HBOT in four different wound conditions by inflicting bilateral wounds on the dorsal aspect of the feet of nonischemic or ischemic limbs in normoglycemic or hyperglycemic rats. To create an ischemic condition, arterial resection was performed unilaterally. Forty‐four animals received HBOT five times a week until complete wound closure. Wound repair was compared with 44 rats receiving standard dressing only. HBOT increased blood flow and accelerated wound closure in ischemic and hyperglycemic wounds, most significantly when the two conditions were combined. Wound contraction and reepithelialization were similarly stimulated by HBOT. The acceleration of wound contraction was not associated with increased myofibroblasts expression, nor fibroblast recruitment or higher cell count in the granulation tissue. Of note, we observed a significant increase in collagen deposition in early time points in ischemic wounds receiving HBOT. This data emphasizes that an early application of HBOT might be crucial to its efficacy. We concluded that wounds where ischemia and hyperglycemia are combined, as it is often the case in diabetic patients, have the best chance to benefit from HBOT.
Biodegradable and plasma‐treated electrospun scaffolds coated with recombinant Olfactomedin‐like 3 for accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration
Authors: Dunn Louise L. , de Valence Sarra , Tille Jean‐Christophe , Hammel Philippe , Walpoth Beat H. , Stocker Roland , Imhof Beat A. , Miljkovic‐Licina Marijana 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional biomimetic scaffolds resembling the native extracellular matrix (ECM) are widely used in tissue engineering, however they often lack optimal bioactive cues needed for acceleration of cell proliferation, neovascularization, and tissue regeneration. In this study, the use of the ECM‐related protein Olfactomedin‐like 3 (Olfml3) demonstrates the importance and feasibility of fabricating efficient bioactive scaffolds without in vitro cell seeding prior to in vivo implantation. First, in vivo proangiogenic properties of Olfml3 were shown in a murine wound healing model by accelerated wound closure and a 1.4‐fold increase in wound vascularity. Second, subcutaneous implantation of tubular scaffolds coated with recombinant Olfml3 resulted in enhanced cell in‐growth and neovascularization compared with control scaffolds. Together, our data indicates the potential of Olfml3 to accelerate neovascularization during tissue regeneration by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This study provides a promising concept for the reconstruction of damaged tissue using affordable and effective bioactive scaffolds.
Effects of low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on plateau frostbite healing in rats
Authors: Jiao Mingke , Lou Lin , Jiao lin , Hu Jie , Zhang Peng , Wang Zhongming , Xu Wenjuan , Geng Xiliang , Song Hongping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPlateau frostbite (PF) treatments have remained a clinical challenge because this condition injures tissues in deep layers and affected tissues exhibit unique pathological characteristics. For instance, low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) can affect tissue restoration and penetrate tissues. Therefore, the effect of PEMF on PF healing should be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low‐frequency PEMF on PF healing systematically. Ninety‐six Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: normal control, partial thickness plateau frostbite (PTPF), and PTPF with low‐frequency PEMF exposure (PTPF + PEMF). PTPF wounds were induced in the dorsum of the rats. The PTPF + PEMF group was exposed to low‐frequency PEMF daily. During PF healing, wound microcirculation in each group was monitored through contrast ultrasonography. Wound appearance, histological observation, and wound tensile strength were also evaluated. Results showed that the rate of the microcirculation restoration of the PTPF + PEMF group was nearly 25% faster than that of the PTPF group, and wound appearance suggested that the healing of the PTPF group was slower than that of the PTPF + PEMF group. Histological observation revealed that PEMF accelerated the growth of different deep tissues, as confirmed by tensile strength examination. Low‐frequency PEMF could penetrate PF tissues, promote their restoration, and provide a beneficial effect on PF healing. Therefore, this technique may be a potential alternative to treat PF.
Accuracy of Automated Flow Cytometry-Based Leukocyte Counts To Rule Out Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Children: a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Duong Hong Phuoc , Wissing Karl Martin , Tram Nathalie , Mascart Georges , Lepage Philippe , Ismaili Khalid 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Automated flow cytometry of urine remains an incompletely validated method to rule out urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed to compare the predictive values of flow cytometry and a dipstick test as initial diagnostic tests for UTI in febrile children and prospectively included 1,106 children (1,247 episodes). Urine culture was used as the gold standard test for diagnosing UTI. The performance of screening tests to diagnose UTI were established using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Among these 1,247 febrile episodes, 221 UTIs were diagnosed (17.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 15.6 to 19.8%]). The area under the ROC curve for flow cytometry white blood cell (WBC) counts (0.99 [95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99]) was significantly superior to that for red blood cell (0.74 [95% CI, 0.70 to 0.78]) and bacterial counts (0.89 [95% CI, 0.87 to 0.92]) (
P
< 0.001). Urinary WBC counts also had a significantly higher area under the ROC curve than that of the leukocyte esterase (LE) dipstick (0.92 [95% CI, 0.90 to 0.94]), nitrite dipstick (0.83 [95% CI, 0.80 to 0.87]), or the combination of positive LE and/or nitrite dipstick (0.91 [95% CI, 0.89 to 0.93]) test (
P
< 0.001). The presence of ≥35 WBC/μl of urine was the best cutoff point, yielding both a high sensitivity (99.5% [95% CI, 99 to 100%]) and an acceptable specificity (80.6% [95% CI, 78 to 83%]). Using this cutoff point would have reduced the number of samples sent to the laboratory for culture by 67%. In conclusion, the determination of urinary WBC counts by flow cytometry provides optimal performance as an initial diagnostic test for UTI in febrile children.
Tectonic and climate controls on Neogene environmental change in the Zhada Basin, southwestern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Saylor Joel E. , Casturi Lokin , Shanahan Timothy M. , Nie Junsheng , Saadeh Crystal M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Evidence for a long-lived, high-elevation plateau contradicts the hypothesis that uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau was a driver of late Miocene–Pliocene changes in ecology and monsoon strength. We illuminate the mechanisms underlying late Miocene–Pliocene environmental changes using a multi-proxy record from the Zhada Basin, southwestern Tibetan Plateau, between ca. 9.2 and 2.3 Ma. An increase in mean carbonate δ18Oc and δ13Cc values, decrease in grain size, and onset of lacustrine deposition at 6.0 Ma is attributed to local tectonic damming and transition from a through-flowing fluvial system to a terminal lake. This is followed at 3.5 Ma by a decrease in lake size indicated by synchronous increase in grain size, progradation of lake-margin depositional systems, increase in δ18Oc values at lake-central locations, and divergence in δ18Oc values between inflowing and lake water. We attribute lake shrinking to decreasing Indian summer monsoon precipitation due to the combined effects of decreased southern Tibetan Plateau elevations and cooler Indian Ocean temperatures. We attribute increased grain size and δ18Oc value variability to changes in fluvial discharge due to increased sensitivity to orbital forcing, itself possibly coupled with onset of glacial conditions at high elevations. These mechanisms link regional tectonic events to Pliocene changes in climate and environmental conditions, including erosion, granularity, sediment accumulation rates, and potentially biological turnover on and around the Tibetan Plateau.
Impact of tidal currents on delta-channel deepening, stratigraphic architecture, and sediment bypass beyond the shoreline
Authors: Rossi Valentina Marzia , Kim Wonsuck , Leva López Julio , Edmonds Douglas , Geleynse Nathanael , Olariu Cornel , Steel Ronald J. , Hiatt Matthew , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Deltas are sensitive indicators of coastal processes (e.g., waves and tides) and show dynamic changes in shoreline morphology, distributary channel network, and stratigraphic architecture in response to coastal forcing. Numerical modeling has long been used to show delta evolution associated with a single dominant coastal process, but rarely to examine the sensitivity of deltas to mixed processes. Physics-based morphodynamic simulations (Delft3D) are used to investigate the influence of tidal currents on deltas. Tidal amplitude and the sand:mud ratio of subsurface sediment have been varied in the model. The results show that increasing tidal amplitude causes deeper and more stable distributary channels and more rugose planform shoreline patterns. A new metric for channel geometry quantifies tidal influence on the distributary channel network. Stable distributary channels act as an efficient mechanism for ebb-enhanced currents to (1) bypass sediment across the delta plain, and (2) extend channel tips seaward through mouth bar erosion. The basinward channel extension leads to sandier deposits in the tide-influenced deltas than in their river-dominated counterparts. The delta-front bathymetry also reflects sediment redistribution, changing the delta-front profile from concave to convex with compound geometries as tidal amplitude increases. These results suggest that channel overdeepening is a possible tidal signature that should be considered when interpreting ancient systems, and that sand may be bypassed much farther basinward in tide-influenced than in purely river-dominated deltas.
Patient empowerment through provision of a mobile application for medication reconciliation: a proof of concept study
Authors: Werumeus Buning Annabel , Klopotowska Joanna E , Duyvendak Michiel , Engelen Lucien JLPG , Arts Joris 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe operationalisation of medication reconciliation in daily practice is challenging, due to among others, insufficient interoperability of computer systems and high implementation costs. Involving patients in the medication reconciliation process by using information technology could potentially overcome these difficulties and reduce preventable patient harm accordingly.ObjectiveThe MyMedication app (MMa) is a mobile application developed to help patients keep their medication list up to date. This study aims to investigate the usability and reliability of MMa for medication reconciliation at care transitions.MethodA random convenience sample of 17 patients was recruited during August–September 2014 at the Antonius Hospital in Sneek and Emmeloord, the Netherlands. Patients were asked to compile their medication list in MMa prior to their elective surgery. At admission, the medication list in MMa was compared with the medication list compiled by a pharmacy practitioner and the number of medication discrepancies per patient quantified. Acceptance and usability was assessed using a validated System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and interviews.ResultsThe mean number of medication discrepancies between the medication list in MMa and the list compiled by the standard procedure was 2.5 per patient. When discrepancies caused by technical errors in the MMa were excluded, only a mean number of 1.2 discrepancies per patient remained. MMa SUS indicated good usability (68/100).ConclusionsThe results of this study show that patients are positive about the use of the MMa and some feel even more involved in their medication treatment. The use of MMa for medication reconciliation at care transition shows potential as tool to improve patient safety and to reduce healthcare costs.
Extent and pattern of burden of care and its associated factors among Eritrean families of persons living with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Osman Mohammed Hamid , Lolokote Sainyugu , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess the caregiving burden and its associated factors among Eritrean families of persons living with schizophrenia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted for 146 caregivers with their respective known patients with schizophrenia of Saint Mary's Neuropsychiatric National Referral Hospital (SMNNRH). Data were collected using Pai and Kapur's Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and self-prepared sociodemographic sheet. Data were analysed using SPSS V.21. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the data.ResultsIn this study, 84 (57.5%) were males and 62 (42.5%) were females. The mean age was 33.96+10.37 (median=31) for the patients and 46.76+13.96 (median=48) for the caregivers. Total mean objective score was 29.47+6.67. Family caregivers who were single (F=3.224, p<0.005, effect size (ES)=0.064), had educational level at elementary (F=5.647 p=0.001, ES=0.11), had low monthly income (t=7.727, p<0.001, ES=0.01) and were dissatisfied with family support (t=2.889, p<0.01, ES=0.01) experienced greater burden relative to the counterparts. Caregiver's age (β=0.156; p<0.05), duration of caregiving (β=0.131; p<0.05), monthly household family income (β=−0.298; p<0.001), history of self-injury (β=0.151; p=0.05), positive scale (β=0.344; p<0.001), negative scale (β=0.278; p<0.001) and general psychopathological scale (β=0.146; p<0.01) emerged as significant predictors of objective burden.ConclusionsFamily caregivers of a person living with schizophrenia experience a significant burden of care. Our findings highlight that there is a need of strengthening social and psychological support to reduce the caregiving burden.