bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic narrowband near-infrared photodetectors based on intermolecular charge-transfer absorption
Authors: Siegmund Bernhard , Mischok Andreas , Benduhn Johannes , Zeika Olaf , Ullbrich Sascha , Nehm Frederik , Böhm Matthias , Spoltore Donato , Fröb Hartmut , Körner Christian , Leo Karl , Vandewal Koen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBlending organic electron donors and acceptors yields intermolecular charge-transfer states with additional optical transitions below their optical gaps. In organic photovoltaic devices, such states play a crucial role and limit the operating voltage. Due to its extremely weak nature, direct intermolecular charge-transfer absorption often remains undetected and unused for photocurrent generation. Here, we use an optical microcavity to increase the typically negligible external quantum efficiency in the spectral region of charge-transfer absorption by more than 40 times, yielding values over 20%. We demonstrate narrowband detection with spectral widths down to 36 nm and resonance wavelengths between 810 and 1,550 nm, far below the optical gap of both donor and acceptor. The broad spectral tunability via a simple variation of the cavity thickness makes this innovative, flexible and potentially visibly transparent device principle highly suitable for integrated low-cost spectroscopic near-infrared photodetection.
Coupled multiferroic domain switching in the canted conical spin spiral system Mn2GeO4
Authors: Honda T. , White J. S. , Harris A. B. , Chapon L. C. , Fennell A. , Roessli B. , Zaharko O. , Murakami Y. , Kenzelmann M. , Kimura T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite remarkable progress in developing multifunctional materials, spin-driven ferroelectrics featuring both spontaneous magnetization and electric polarization are still rare. Among such ferromagnetic ferroelectrics are conical spin spiral magnets with a simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization that is still little understood. Such materials can feature various multiferroic domains that complicates their study. Here we study the multiferroic domains in ferromagnetic ferroelectric Mn2GeO4 using neutron diffraction, and show that it features a double-Q conical magnetic structure that, apart from trivial 180o commensurate magnetic domains, can be described by ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains only. We show unconventional magnetoelectric couplings such as the magnetic-field-driven reversal of ferroelectric polarization with no change of spin-helicity, and present a phenomenological theory that successfully explains the magnetoelectric coupling. Our measurements establish Mn2GeO4 as a conceptually simple multiferroic in which the magnetic-field-driven flop of conical spin spirals leads to the simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization.
Accurate prediction of X-ray pulse properties from a free-electron laser using machine learning
Authors: Sanchez-Gonzalez A. , Micaelli P. , Olivier C. , Barillot T. R. , Ilchen M. , Lutman A. A. , Marinelli A. , Maxwell T. , Achner A. , Agåker M. , Berrah N. , Bostedt C. , Bozek J. D. , Buck J. , Bucksbaum P. H. , Montero S. Carron , Cooper B. , Cryan J. P. , Dong M. , Feifel R. , Frasinski L. J. , Fukuzawa H. , Galler A. , Hartmann G. , Hartmann N. , Helml W. , Johnson A. S. , Knie A. , Lindahl A. O. , Liu J. , Motomura K. , Mucke M. , O’Grady C. , Rubensson J-E , Simpson E. R. , Squibb R. J. , Såthe C. , Ueda K. , Vacher M. , Walke D. J. , Zhaunerchyk V. , Coffee R. N. , Marangos J. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFree-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightness pulses of X-ray radiation have great potential for a wide impact on science, and are a critical element for unravelling the structural dynamics of matter. To fully harness this potential, we must accurately know the X-ray properties: intensity, spectrum and temporal profile. Owing to the inherent fluctuations in free-electron lasers, this mandates a full characterization of the properties for each and every pulse. While diagnostics of these properties exist, they are often invasive and many cannot operate at a high-repetition rate. Here, we present a technique for circumventing this limitation. Employing a machine learning strategy, we can accurately predict X-ray properties for every shot using only parameters that are easily recorded at high-repetition rate, by training a model on a small set of fully diagnosed pulses. This opens the door to fully realizing the promise of next-generation high-repetition rate X-ray lasers.
Upregulated energy metabolism in the Drosophila mushroom body is the trigger for long-term memory
Authors: Plaçais Pierre-Yves , de Tredern Éloïse , Scheunemann Lisa , Trannoy Séverine , Goguel Valérie , Han Kyung-An , Isabel Guillaume , Preat Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEfficient energy use has constrained the evolution of nervous systems. However, it is unresolved whether energy metabolism may resultantly regulate major brain functions. Our observation that Drosophila flies double their sucrose intake at an early stage of long-term memory formation initiated the investigation of how energy metabolism intervenes in this process. Cellular-resolution imaging of energy metabolism reveals a concurrent elevation of energy consumption in neurons of the mushroom body, the fly’s major memory centre. Strikingly, upregulation of mushroom body energy flux is both necessary and sufficient to drive long-term memory formation. This effect is triggered by a specific pair of dopaminergic neurons afferent to the mushroom bodies, via the D5-like DAMB dopamine receptor. Hence, dopamine signalling mediates an energy switch in the mushroom body that controls long-term memory encoding. Our data thus point to an instructional role for energy flux in the execution of demanding higher brain functions.
The genetic landscape of benign thyroid nodules revealed by whole exome and transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhou Xiaoyi , Huang Fengjiao , Wang Weixi , Qi Yicheng , Xu Heng , Shu Yang , Shen Liyun , Fei Xiaochun , Xie Jing , Cao Min , Zhou Yulin , Zhu Wei , Wang Shu , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe genomic alterations for benign thyroid nodule, especially adenomatoid nodule, one of the most common types of hyperplasia lesion, are ill-studied. Here, we show whole-exome sequencing and/or transcriptome sequencing data on adenomatoid nodules with or without coincidental papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Somatic mutation of BRAF (22/32) is only detected in PTC, while mutations in SPOP (4/38), ZNF148 (6/38) and EZH1 (3/38) are found enriched in adenomatoid nodule. In an expanded cohort of adenomatoid nodule (n=259) mutually exclusive SPOPP94R, EZH1Q571R and ZNF148 mutations are identified in 24.3% of them. Adenomatoid nodules show very few overlapped mutations and distinct gene expression patterns with their coincidental PTC. Phylogenetic tree analysis uncovers that PTCs evolved independently from their matched benign nodules. Our findings reveal that benign nodules possess a unique molecular signature that differs from PTC and provide genomic evidence for the conventional belief that PTC and benign nodules have independent origin.
Pyrin-only protein 2 limits inflammation but improves protection against bacteria
Authors: Periasamy Sivakumar , Porter Kristen A. , Atianand Maninjay K. , T. Le Hongnga , Earley Sarah , Duffy Ellen B. , Haller Matthew C. , Chin Heather , Harton Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPyrin domain-only proteins (POPs) are recently evolved, primate-specific proteins demonstratedin vitroas negative regulators of inflammatory responses. However, theirin vivofunction is not understood. Of the four known POPs, only POP2 is reported to regulate NF-κB-dependent transcription and multiple inflammasomes. Here we use a transgenic mouse-expressingPOP2controlled by its endogenous human promotor to study the immunological functions of POP2. Despite having significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine responses to LPS and bacterial infection, POP2 transgenic mice are more resistant to bacterial infection than wild-type mice. In a pulmonary tularaemia model, POP2 enhances IFN-γ production, modulates neutrophil numbers, improves macrophage functions, increases bacterial control and diminishes lung pathology. Thus, unlike other POPs thought to diminish innate protection, POP2 reduces detrimental inflammation while preserving and enhancing protective immunity. Our findings suggest that POP2 acts as a high-order regulator balancing cellular function and inflammation with broad implications for inflammation-associated diseases and therapeutic intervention.
Harnessing speckle for a sub-femtometre resolved broadband wavemeter and laser stabilization
Authors: Metzger Nikolaus Klaus , Spesyvtsev Roman , Bruce Graham D. , Miller Bill , Maker Gareth T. , Malcolm Graeme , Mazilu Michael , Dholakia Kishan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe accurate determination and control of the wavelength of light is fundamental to many fields of science. Speckle patterns resulting from the interference of multiple reflections in disordered media are well-known to scramble the information content of light by complex but linear processes. However, these patterns are, in fact, exceptionally rich in information about the illuminating source. We use a fibre-coupled integrating sphere to generate wavelength-dependent speckle patterns, in combination with algorithms based on the transmission matrix method and principal component analysis, to realize a broadband and sensitive wavemeter. We demonstrate sub-femtometre wavelength resolution at a centre wavelength of 780 nm, and a broad calibrated measurement range from 488 to 1,064 nm. This compares favourably to the performance of conventional wavemeters. Using this speckle wavemeter as part of a feedback loop, we stabilize a 780 nm diode laser to achieve a linewidth better than 1 MHz.
IL-17-producing γδ T cells switch migratory patterns between resting and activated states
Authors: McKenzie Duncan R. , Kara Ervin E. , Bastow Cameron R. , Tyllis Timona S. , Fenix Kevin A. , Gregor Carly E. , Wilson Jasmine J. , Babb Rachelle , Paton James C. , Kallies Axel , Nutt Stephen L. , Brüstle Anne , Mack Matthias , Comerford Iain , McColl Shaun R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInterleukin 17-producing γδ T (γδT17) cells have unconventional trafficking characteristics, residing in mucocutaneous tissues but also homing into inflamed tissues via circulation. Despite being fundamental to γδT17-driven early protective immunity and exacerbation of autoimmunity and cancer, migratory cues controlling γδT17 cell positioning in barrier tissues and recruitment to inflammatory sites are still unclear. Here we show that γδT17 cells constitutively express chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR2. While CCR6 recruits resting γδT17 cells to the dermis, CCR2 drives rapid γδT17 cell recruitment to inflamed tissues during autoimmunity, cancer and infection. Downregulation of CCR6 by IRF4 and BATF upon γδT17 activation is required for optimal recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflamed tissue by preventing their sequestration into uninflamed dermis. These findings establish a lymphocyte trafficking model whereby a hierarchy of homing signals is prioritized by dynamic receptor expression to drive both tissue surveillance and rapid recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflammatory lesions.
Cascaded spintronic logic with low-dimensional carbon
Authors: Friedman Joseph S. , Girdhar Anuj , Gelfand Ryan M. , Memik Gokhan , Mohseni Hooman , Taflove Allen , Wessels Bruce W. , Leburton Jean-Pierre , Sahakian Alan V 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRemarkable breakthroughs have established the functionality of graphene and carbon nanotube transistors as replacements to silicon in conventional computing structures, and numerous spintronic logic gates have been presented. However, an efficient cascaded logic structure that exploits electron spin has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we introduce and analyse a cascaded spintronic computing system composed solely of low-dimensional carbon materials. We propose a spintronic switch based on the recent discovery of negative magnetoresistance in graphene nanoribbons, and demonstrate its feasibility through tight-binding calculations of the band structure. Covalently connected carbon nanotubes create magnetic fields through graphene nanoribbons, cascading logic gates through incoherent spintronic switching. The exceptional material properties of carbon materials permit Terahertz operation and two orders of magnitude decrease in power-delay product compared to cutting-edge microprocessors. We hope to inspire the fabrication of these cascaded logic circuits to stimulate a transformative generation of energy-efficient computing.
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 regulates phosphoantigen release and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by dendritic cells
Authors: Castella Barbara , Kopecka Joanna , Sciancalepore Patrizia , Mandili Giorgia , Foglietta Myriam , Mitro Nico , Caruso Donatella , Novelli Francesco , Riganti Chiara , Massaia Massimo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVγ9Vδ2 T cells are activated by phosphoantigens, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is generated in the mevalonate pathway of antigen-presenting cells. IPP is released in the extracellular microenvironment via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates extracellular IPP release from dendritic cells (DC) in cooperation with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and butyrophilin-3A1. IPP concentrations in the supernatants are sufficient to induce Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation after DC mevalonate pathway inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZA). ZA treatment increases ABCA1 and apoA-I expression via IPP-dependent LXRα nuclear translocation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition. These results close the mechanistic gap in our understanding of extracellular IPP release from DC and provide a framework to fine-tune Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation via mevalonate and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulation.
Three-dimensional crossbar arrays of self-rectifying Si/SiO2/Si memristors
Authors: Li Can , Han Lili , Jiang Hao , Jang Moon-Hyung , Lin Peng , Wu Qing , Barnell Mark , Yang J. Joshua , Xin Huolin L. , Xia Qiangfei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMemristors are promising building blocks for the next-generation memory and neuromorphic computing systems. Most memristors use materials that are incompatible with the silicon dominant complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, and require external selectors in order for large memristor arrays to function properly. Here we demonstrate a fully foundry-compatible, all-silicon-based and self-rectifying memristor that negates the need for external selectors in large arrays. With a p-Si/SiO2/n-Si structure, our memristor exhibits repeatable unipolar resistance switching behaviour (105 rectifying ratio, 104 ON/OFF) and excellent retention at 300 °C. We further build three-dimensinal crossbar arrays (up to five layers of 100 nm memristors) using fluid-supported silicon membranes, and experimentally confirm the successful suppression of both intra- and inter-layer sneak path currents through the built-in diodes. The current work opens up opportunities for low-cost mass production of three-dimensional memristor arrays on large silicon and flexible substrates without increasing circuit complexity.
Ndfip1 restricts mTORC1 signalling and glycolysis in regulatory T cells to prevent autoinflammatory disease
Authors: Layman Awo Akosua Kesewa , Deng Guoping , O’Leary Claire E. , Tadros Samuel , Thomas Rajan M. , Dybas Joseph M. , Moser Emily K. , Wells Andrew D. , Doliba Nicolai M. , Oliver Paula M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFoxp3+T regulatory (Treg) cells suppress immune cell activation and establish normal immune homeostasis. How Tregcells maintain their identity is not completely understood. Here we show that Ndfip1, a coactivator of Nedd4-family E3 ubiquitin ligases, is required for Tregcell stability and function.Ndfip1deletion in Tregcells results in autoinflammatory disease. Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells are highly proliferative and are more likely to lose Foxp3 expression to become IL-4-producing TH2 effector cells. Proteomic analyses indicate altered metabolic signature of Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells and metabolic profiling reveals elevated glycolysis and increased mTORC1 signalling. Ndfip1 restricts Tregcell metabolism and IL-4 production via distinct mechanisms, as IL-4 deficiency does not prevent hyperproliferation or elevated mTORC1 signalling in Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells. Thus, Ndfip1 preserves Treglineage stability and immune homeostasis by preventing the expansion of highly proliferative and metabolically active Tregcells and by preventing pathological secretion of IL-4 from Tregcells.
Functional evolution of Lepidoptera olfactory receptors revealed by deorphanization of a moth repertoire
Authors: de Fouchier Arthur , Walker William B. , Montagné Nicolas , Steiner Claudia , Binyameen Muhammad , Schlyter Fredrik , Chertemps Thomas , Maria Annick , François Marie-Christine , Monsempes Christelle , Anderson Peter , Hansson Bill S. , Larsson Mattias C. , Jacquin-Joly Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInsects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs) are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs whose functional properties are expected to meet its ecological needs, though little is known about the molecular basis of olfaction outside Diptera. Here we report a pioneer functional analysis of a large array of ORs in a lepidopteran, the herbivorous pest Spodoptera littoralis. We demonstrate that most ORs are narrowly tuned to ubiquitous plant volatiles at low, relevant odorant titres. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a basic conservation of function within the receptor repertoire of Lepidoptera, across the expansive evolutionary radiation of different major clades. Our study provides a reference for further studies of olfactory mechanisms in Lepidoptera, a historically crucial insect order in olfactory research.
Rapid visualization of grain boundaries in monolayer MoS2 by multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Karvonen Lasse , Säynätjoki Antti , Huttunen Mikko J. , Autere Anton , Amirsolaimani Babak , Li Shisheng , Norwood Robert A. , Peyghambarian Nasser , Lipsanen Harri , Eda Goki , Kieu Khanh , Sun Zhipei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGrain boundaries have a major effect on the physical properties of two-dimensional layered materials. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, fast and sensitive characterization methods to visualize grain boundaries. Conventional Raman and photoluminescence methods have been used for detecting grain boundaries; however, these techniques are better suited for detection of grain boundaries with a large crystal axis rotation between neighbouring grains. Here we show rapid visualization of grain boundaries in chemical vapour deposited monolayer MoS2 samples with multiphoton microscopy. In contrast to Raman and photoluminescence imaging, third-harmonic generation microscopy provides excellent sensitivity and high speed for grain boundary visualization regardless of the degree of crystal axis rotation. We find that the contrast associated with grain boundaries in the third-harmonic imaging is considerably enhanced by the solvents commonly used in the transfer process of two-dimensional materials. Our results demonstrate that multiphoton imaging can be used for fast and sensitive characterization of two-dimensional materials.
Melting temperatures of MgO under high pressure by micro-texture analysis
Authors: Kimura T. , Ohfuji H. , Nishi M. , Irifune T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPericlase (MgO) is the second most abundant mineral after bridgmanite in the Earth’s lower mantle, and its melting behaviour under pressure is important to constrain rheological properties and melting behaviours of the lower mantle materials. Significant discrepancies exist between the melting temperatures of MgO determined by laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) and those based on dynamic compressions and theoretical predictions. Here we show the melting temperatures in earlier LHDAC experiments are underestimated due to misjudgment of melting, based on micro-texture observations of the quenched samples. The high melting temperatures of MgO suggest that the subducted cold slabs should have higher viscosities than previously thought, suggesting that the inter-connecting textural feature of MgO would not play important roles for the slab stagnation in the lower mantle. The present results also predict that the ultra-deep magmas produced in the lower mantle are peridotitic, which are stabilized near the core–mantle boundary.
Adenovirus prime, Env protein boost vaccine protects against neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Keele Brandon F. , Li Wenjun , Borducchi Erica N. , Nkolola Joseph P. , Abbink Peter , Chen Bing , Seaman Michael S. , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that DNA prime, Ad5 boost vaccines protect against neutralization-sensitive but not neutralization-resistant virus variants within the SIVsmE660 swarm. Here we show that Ad prime, Env protein boost vaccines protect against neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants. We perform two studies in rhesus monkeys with Ad35/Ad26 vectors expressing SIVmac239 Gag/Pol/Env with or without an AS01B-adjuvanted SIVmac32H gp140 protein boost. In a repetitive, low-dose challenge study, we observe robust protection against acquisition of infection by both Ad Alone and Ad/Env vaccines. In a single, high-dose challenge study, only the Ad/Env vaccine affords significant protection against acquisition of infection. Analysis of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses from this study demonstrates that the Ad/Env vaccine blocks both neutralization-sensitive and neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants in rhesus monkeys with restrictive TRIM5α alleles. These data demonstrate that the adjuvanted Env protein boost is critical for protecting against high-dose SIVsmE660 challenge and for blocking neutralization-resistant viruses within the SIVsmE660 swarm.
New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate
Authors: Luo Wei , Cang Xuezhi , Howard Alan D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe volume of Martian valley network (VN) cavity and the amount of water needed to create the cavity by erosion are of significant importance for understanding the early Martian climate, the style and rate of hydrologic cycling, and the possibility of an ancient ocean. However, previous attempts at estimating these two quantities were based on selected valleys or at local sites using crude estimates of VN length, width and depth. Here we employed an innovative progressive black top hat transformation method to estimate them on a global scale based on the depth of each valley pixel. The conservative estimate of the minimum global VN volume is 1.74 × 1014 m3 and minimum cumulative volume of water required is 6.86 × 1017 m3 (or ∼5 km of global equivalent layer, GEL). Both are much larger than previous estimates and are consistent with an early warm and wet climate with active hydrologic cycling involving an ocean.