bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A interface entre a ética e administração hospitalar
Authors: ZOBOLI Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone 
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><p>O hospital, no transcurso de sua história, experimenta distintos processos de reorganização. De abrigo para pobres e viajantes transforma-se em centro de alta tecnologia para diagnóstico, tratamento e pesquisas. Isto lhe confere uma complexidade ímpar, pois mescla a nobre missão social de cuidar das pessoas com traços administrativos e econômicos comuns a outras organizações de negócios. O administrador hospitalar, que chega aos hospitais para fazer frente a esta complexidade, acaba centrando suas atividades na busca do bom funcionamento e da sobrevivência organizacionais. Ofusca-se a missão social do hospital e o administrador hospitalar parece não perceber a repercussão, muitas vezes maleficente, de suas decisões na qualidade da atenção de saúde prestada ao paciente. Parece claro que o administrador deve trabalhar para a viabilidade econômico- financeira da instituição, no entanto o propósito primário do hospital é cuidar das pessoas e, esta especificidade, não pode ser perdida de vista. Urge uma atitude ética consonante com a vulnerabilidade das pessoas que acorrem ao hospital, pois elas conformam o fundamento, o sujeito e o fim de toda atividade sanitária. Fica patente, desta forma, a essencialidade de uma interface entre administração hospitalar e ética. É necessário enfrentar o desafio de construir uma ética própria da administração hospitalar. Uma ética que se mostre capaz, através do diálogo, da tolerância, da participação e do manejo adequado <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">de valores, como a honestidade, a sinceridade, a integridade, a coerência pessoal, a humildade, o respeito e a justiça, de harmonizar a excelência do cuidado com a excelência da organização.</span></span></p></span></span>
Aspectos de interesse odontolegal observados nas perícias de identificação humana realizadas no Instituto Médico Legal de São Paulo nos anos de 1999 e 2000
Authors: GOMES Eduardo De Menezes 
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><p>O presente trabalho procurou analisar os resultados das perícia odontolegais voltadas à identificação humana realizadas pelo Núcleo de Odontologia Legal do Instituto Médico Legal de São Paulo nos anos de 1999 e 2000. Foram examinados os relatórios emitidos por esse Núcleo, e avaliadas a sua freqüência, a sua origem geográfica e a sua natureza sob a ótica policial. No período estudado foram realizadas 53 perícias dessa ordem, 18 (33,96%) em 1999 e 35 (66,04%) em 2000, com predominância de casos provenientes da Capital de São Paulo (66,6% em 99 e 60% em 2000). Os homicídios (61,11% em 1999) e os encontros de ossadas (60% em 2000) foram os fatores que mais freqüentemente provocaram a requisição desse tipo de exame. Também foram avaliados os percentuais de casos que demandaram as duas modalidades de perícias identificatórias: as perícias de ordem individual responderam por 41,05% do total, e aquelas de ordem geral corresponderam a 58,5% da casuística estudada. Com relação ao tipo de material biológico encaminhado ao Núcleo de Odontologia Legal, houve predominância de crânios (49,06%) nos dois anos aqui examinados. As perícias que atingiram resultados conclusivos (83,33% em 1999 e 81,25% em 2000) reforçam a importância que a documentação odontológica tem nos casos de identificação humana, e indicam que as radiografias são o tipo de documentação de eleição para a resolução de casos dessa ordem. A análise dos casos inconclusivos (16,67% em 1999 e 18,75% em 2000) indica que a real causa do insucesso dos exames odontolegais de identificação humana pode ser atribuída à falta de informações odontológicas, <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">como fichas clínicas incompletas ou prontuários deficientes. Assim, o cirurgião- dentista deve privilegiar, em Sua rotina profissional, a manutenção dos prontuários — com toda a documentação pertinente — que possibilitem não apenas a sua defesa em casos de processos movidos por pacientes, como a identificação de seus pacientes quando vitimados pelas contingências da vida urbana: assassinatos, acidentes aéreos, acidentes automobilísticos, catástrofes etc.</span></span></p></span></span>
Estudo do DNA de lavado vaginal com mistura de sêmen: sem lise diferencial de células
Authors: Miyashiro Ilma Oshiro 
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><p>Em crimes sexuais, como o estupro, ofluido vaginal na vítima copntém, geralmente, uma mistura de células femininas e masculinas. O método usual de separação de genótipos nesse tipo de amostra é o denominado lise diferencial de células (LDC). Essa técnica, entretanto, nem sempre é efetiva. com o objetivo de avaliarmos a possibilidade de distinguir os genótipos feminino e masculino, sem realizar a LDC, estudamos o DNA contido em lavado vaginal e espermatozóides de um (n = 39) e de dois indivíduos <span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">(n = 39), utilizando apenas um marcador genético, o HLA-DQA1. Extraímos o DNA pelo método Chelex</span></p></span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">â</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: xx-small;">100, sem LDC. Concluímos que quando o lavado vaginal continha espermatozóides de um indivíduo foi possível determinar os possíveis genótipos masculinos e em 20% desses 39 casos estudados, foi possível determinar o genótipo masculino para o HLA-DQA1, com grau de certeza igual a 1. Quando o lavado vaginal continha espermatozóides de dois indivíduos, conhecendo-se o genótipo de um deles, foi possível determinar o genótipo masculino desconhecido em 7% dos 39 casos estudados, para o HLA-DQA1, com grau de certeza igual a 1.</span></span>
Femoropopliteal Artery Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Sarode Karan , Mohammad Atif , Gigliotti Osvaldo , Baig Mirza S. , Tsai Shirling , Shammas Nicolas W. , Prasad Anand , Abu-Fadel Mazen , Klein Andrew , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: February 2016

Background—
There are limited data on femoropopliteal artery stent thrombosis (ST), which is a serious adverse outcome of peripheral artery interventions.

Methods and Results—

Index procedures resulting in femoropopliteal ST were compared with stent procedures without subsequent ST in the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease registry. The study data had a total of 724 cases of stent procedures and 604 unique patients. Femoropopliteal ST occurred in 26 of 604 patients (4.3%) over a median follow-up of 6 months post procedure. ST was more likely to occur in men (96.3% versus 82.2%;
P
=0.026) and to have an initial intervention for chronic total occlusions (88.5% versus 64.0%;
P
=0.01). There was no significant difference in ST between drug-coated and bare-metal stents (4.4% versus 3.4%;
P
=0.55), but the rate of ST was significantly higher with self-expanding covered stent grafts compared with bare-metal stents (10.6% versus 3.4%;
P
=0.02). ST was significantly associated with an increased risk of 12-month major adverse limb events (hazard ratio, 4.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.31–10.77;
P
<0.001) compared with no ST. On multivariate analysis, treatment of chronic total occlusion lesions (odds ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–12.20;
P
=0.05) and in-stent restenosis lesions (odds ratio, 5.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.83–15.32;
P
=0.002) were independently associated with an increased risk of ST.

Conclusions—
In a multicenter peripheral interventional registry, femoropopliteal ST occurred in 4.3% of patients who underwent stent procedures, and it was associated with treatment of chronic total occlusions and in-stent restenosis lesions, and had higher 12-month major adverse limb events.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01904851.
Endothelial p110γPI3K Mediates Endothelial Regeneration and Vascular Repair After Inflammatory Vascular Injury
Authors: Huang Xiaojia , Dai Zhiyu , Cai Lei , Sun Kai , Cho Jaehyung , Albertine Kurt H. , Malik Asrar B. , Schraufnagel Dean E. , Zhao You-Yang 
Published: February 2016

Background—

The integrity of endothelial monolayer is a
sine qua non
for vascular homeostasis and maintenance of tissue-fluid balance. However, little is known about the signaling pathways regulating regeneration of the endothelial barrier after inflammatory vascular injury.

Methods and Results—

Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that endothelial regeneration selectively requires activation of p110γPI3K signaling, which thereby mediates the expression of the endothelial reparative transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). We observed that FoxM1 induction in the pulmonary vasculature was inhibited in mice treated with a p110γ-selective inhibitor and in
Pik3cg

−/−

mice after lipopolysaccharide challenge.
Pik3cg

−/−

mice exhibited persistent lung inflammation induced by sepsis and sustained increase in vascular permeability. Restoration of expression of either p110γ or FoxM1 in pulmonary endothelial cells of
Pik3cg

−/−

mice restored endothelial regeneration and normalized the defective vascular repair program. We also observed diminished expression of p110γ in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, suggesting that impaired p110γ-FoxM1 vascular repair signaling pathway is a critical factor in persistent leaky lung microvessels and edema formation in the disease.

Conclusions—
We identify p110γ as the critical mediator of endothelial regeneration and vascular repair after sepsis-induced inflammatory injury. Thus, activation of p110γ-FoxM1 endothelial regeneration may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of inflammatory vascular diseases.
Combining Growth Factor and Bone Marrow Cell Therapy Induces Bleeding and Alters Immune Response After Stroke in Mice
Authors: Strecker Jan-Kolja , Olk Joanna , Hoppen Maike , Gess Burkhard , Diederich Kai , Schmidt Antje , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger , Schilling Matthias , Minnerup Jens 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Bone marrow cell (BMC)–based therapies, either the transplantation of exogenous cells or stimulation of endogenous cells by growth factors like the granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF), are considered a promising means of treating stroke. In contrast to large preclinical evidence, however, a recent clinical stroke trial on G-CSF was neutral. We, therefore, aimed to investigate possible synergistic effects of co-administration of G-CSF and BMCs after experimental stroke in mice to enhance the efficacy compared with single treatments.

Methods—
We used an animal model for experimental stroke as paradigm to study possible synergistic effects of co-administration of G-CSF and BMCs on the functional outcome and the pathophysiological mechanism.

Results—
G-CSF treatment alone led to an improved functional outcome, a reduced infarct volume, increased blood vessel stabilization, and decreased overall inflammation. Surprisingly, the combination of G-CSF and BMCs abrogated G-CSFs’ beneficial effects and resulted in increased hemorrhagic infarct transformation, altered blood–brain barrier, excessive astrogliosis, and altered immune cell polarization. These increased rates of infarct bleeding were mainly mediated by elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9–mediated blood–brain barrier breakdown in G-CSF- and BMCs-treated animals combined with an increased number of dilated and thus likely more fragile vessels in the subacute phase after cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions—
Our results provide new insights into both BMC-based therapies and immune cell biology and help to understand potential adverse and unexpected side effects.
CoCoRaHS: The Evolution and Accomplishments of a Volunteer Rain Gauge Network
Authors: Reges Henry W. , Doesken Nolan , Turner Julian , Newman Noah , Bergantino Antony , Schwalbe Zach 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) is a large and growing community of volunteers measuring and reporting precipitation and is making this information broadly available for the research and operational community. CoCoRaHS has evolved through several phases since its beginnings in 1998, first starting as a flood-motivated local Colorado Front Range project, then through a 5-yr nationwide expansion period (2005–09), followed by five years (2010–14) of internal growth and capacity building.
As of mid-2015, CoCoRaHS volunteers have submitted over 31 million daily precipitation reports and tens of thousands of reports of hail, heavy rain, and snow, representing over 1.5 million volunteer hours. During the past 10 years, there has been wide demand for and use of CoCoRaHS data by professional and scientific users with an interest in its applicability to their different areas of focus. These range from hydrological applications and weather forecasting to agriculture, entomology, remote sensing validation, city snow removal contracting, and recreational activities, just to name a few. The high demand for CoCoRaHS data by many entities is an effective motivator for volunteer observers, who want to be assured that their efforts are needed and appreciated.
Going forward, CoCoRaHS hopes to continue to play a leading role in the evolution and growth of citizen science while contributing to research and operational meteorology and hydrology.
The Effects of Downscaling Method on the Variability of Simulated Watershed Response to Climate Change in Five U.S. Basins
Authors: Nover D. M. , Witt J. W. , Butcher J. B. , Johnson T. E. , Weaver C. P. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Simulations of future climate change impacts on water resources are subject to multiple and cascading uncertainties associated with different modeling and methodological choices. A key facet of this uncertainty is the coarse spatial resolution of GCM output compared to the finer-resolution information needed by water managers. To address this issue, it is now common practice to apply spatial downscaling techniques, using either higher-resolution regional climate models or statistical approaches applied to GCM output, to develop finer-resolution information. Downscaling, however, can also introduce its own uncertainties into water resources’ impact assessments. This study uses watershed simulations in five U.S. basins to quantify the sources of variability in streamflow, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment loads associated with the underlying GCM compared to the choice of downscaling method (both statistically and dynamically downscaled GCM output). This study also assesses the specific, incremental effects of downscaling by comparing watershed simulations based on downscaled and nondownscaled GCM model output. Results show that the underlying GCM and the downscaling method each contribute to the variability of simulated watershed responses. The relative contribution of GCM and downscaling method to the variability of simulated responses varies by watershed and season of the year. Results illustrate the potential implications of one key methodological choice in conducting climate change impact assessments for water—the selection of downscaled climate change information.
Polarimetric Radar Characteristics of Melting Hail. Part III: Validation of the Algorithm for Hail Size Discrimination
Authors: Ortega Kiel L. , Krause John M. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study is the third part of a paper series investigating the polarimetric radar properties of melting hail and application of those properties for operational polarimetric hail detection and determination of its size. The results of theoretical simulations in Part I were used to develop a hail size discrimination algorithm (HSDA) described in Part II. The HSDA uses radar reflectivity Z, differential reflectivity ZDR, and cross-correlation coefficient ρhv along with melting-level height within a fuzzy-logic scheme to distinguish among three hail size classes: small hail (with diameter D < 2.5 cm), large hail (2.5 < D < 5.0 cm), and giant hail (D > 5.0 cm). The HSDA validation is performed using radar data collected by numerous WSR-88D sites and more than 3000 surface hail reports obtained from the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE). The original HSDA version was modified in the process of validation, and the modified algorithm demonstrates probability of detection of 0.594, false-alarm ratio of 0.136, and resulting critical success index (CSI) equal to 0.543. The HSDA outperformed the current operational single-polarization hail detection algorithm, which only provides a single hail size estimate per storm and is characterized by CSI equal to 0.324. It is shown that HSDA is particularly sensitive to the quality of ZDR measurements, which might be affected by possible radar miscalibration and anomalously high differential attenuation.
Optimal Cluster Analysis for Objective Regionalization of Seasonal Precipitation in Regions of High Spatial–Temporal Variability: Application to Western Ethiopia
Authors: Zhang Ying , Moges Semu , Block Paul 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Defining homogeneous precipitation regions is fundamental for hydrologic applications, yet nontrivial, particularly for regions with highly varied spatial–temporal patterns. Traditional approaches typically include aspects of subjective delineation around sparsely distributed precipitation stations. Here, hierarchical and nonhierarchical (k means) clustering techniques on a gridded dataset for objective and automatic delineation are evaluated. Using a spatial sensitivity analysis test, the k-means clustering method is found to produce much more stable cluster boundaries. To identify a reasonable optimal k, various performance indicators, including the within-cluster sum of square errors (WSS) metric, intra- and intercluster correlations, and postvisualization are evaluated. Two new objective selection metrics (difference in minimum WSS and difference in difference) are developed based on the elbow method and gap statistics, respectively, to determine k within a desired range. Consequently, eight homogenous regions are defined with relatively clear and smooth boundaries, as well as low intercluster correlations and high intracluster correlations. The underlying physical mechanisms for the regionalization outcomes not only help justify the optimal number of clusters selected, but also prove informative in understanding the local- and large-scale climate factors affecting Ethiopian summertime precipitation. A principal component linear regression model to produce cluster-level seasonal forecasts also proves skillful.
Generation of Internal Waves by Eddies Impinging on the Western Boundary of the North Atlantic
Authors: Clément L. , Frajka-Williams E. , Sheen K. L. , Brearley J. A. , Garabato A. C. Naveira 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the major role played by mesoscale eddies in redistributing the energy of the large-scale circulation, our understanding of their dissipation is still incomplete. This study investigates the generation of internal waves by decaying eddies in the North Atlantic western boundary. The eddy presence and decay are measured from the altimetric surface relative vorticity associated with an array of full-depth current meters extending ~100 km offshore at 26.5°N. In addition, internal waves are analyzed over a topographic rise from 2-yr high-frequency measurements of an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), which is located 13 km offshore in 600-m deep water. Despite an apparent polarity independence of the eddy decay observed from altimetric data, the flow in the deepest 100 m is enhanced for anticyclones (25.2 cm s−1) compared with cyclones (−4.7 cm s−1). Accordingly, the internal wave field is sensitive to this polarity-dependent deep velocity. This is apparent from the eddy-modulated enhanced dissipation rate, which is obtained from a finescale parameterization and exceeds 10−9 W kg−1 for near-bottom flows greater than 8 cm s−1. The present study underlines the importance of oceanic western boundaries for removing the energy of low-mode westward-propagating eddies to higher-mode internal waves.
Water Surface Height Determination with a GPS Wave Glider: A Demonstration in Loch Ness, Scotland
Authors: Morales Maqueda M. A. , Penna N. T. , Williams S. D. P. , Foden P. R. , Martin I. , Pugh J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA geodetic GPS receiver has been installed on a Wave Glider, an unmanned water surface vehicle. Using kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) GPS, which operates globally without directly requiring reference stations, surface heights are measured with ~0.05-m precision. The GPS Wave Glider was tested in Loch Ness, Scotland, by measuring the gradient of the loch’s surface height. The experiment took place under mild weather, with virtually no wind setup along the loch and a wave field made mostly of ripples and wavelets. Under these conditions, the loch’s surface height gradient should be approximately equal to the geoid slope. The PPP surface height gradient and that of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 geoid heights do indeed agree on average along the loch (0.03 m km−1). Also detected are 1) ~0.05-m-sized height changes due to daily water pumping for hydroelectricity generation and 2) high-frequency (0.25–0.5 Hz) oscillations caused by surface waves. The PPP heights compare favorably (~0.02-m standard deviation) with relative carrier phase–based GPS processing. This suggests that GPS Wave Gliders have the potential to autonomously determine centimeter-precise water surface heights globally for lake modeling, and also for applications such as ocean modeling and geoid/mean dynamic topography determination, at least for benign surface states such as those encountered during the reported experiment.
An Evaluation of HIRS Near-Surface Air Temperature Product in the Arctic with SHEBA Data
Authors: Peng Ge , Shi Lei , Stegall Steve T. , Matthews Jessica L. , Fairall Christopher W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe accuracy of cloud-screened 2-m air temperatures derived from the intersatellite-calibrated brightness temperatures based on the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) measurements on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) series is evaluated by comparing HIRS air temperatures to 1-yr quality-controlled measurements collected during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project (October 1997–September 1998). The mean error between collocated HIRS and SHEBA 2-m air temperature is found to be on the order of 1°C, with a slight sensitivity to spatial and temporal radii for collocation. The HIRS temperatures capture well the temporal variability of SHEBA temperatures, with cross-correlation coefficients higher than 0.93, all significant at the 99.9% confidence level. More than 87% of SHEBA temperature variance can be explained by linear regression of collocated HIRS temperatures. The analysis found a strong dependency of mean temperature errors on cloud conditions observed during SHEBA, indicating that availability of an accurate cloud mask in the region is essential to further improve the quality of HIRS near-surface air temperature products. This evaluation establishes a baseline of accuracy of HIRS temperature retrievals, providing users with information on uncertainty sources and estimates. It is a first step toward development of a new long-term 2-m air temperature product in the Arctic that utilizes intersatellite-calibrated remote sensing data from the HIRS instrument.