bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric properties of Ba0.97Bi0.02TiO3–Ba1−xMgxSn0.02Ti0.98O3 composite ceramics
Authors: wang Jing , Rong Guijuan , Hao Liangbin , Gao Lan , Cheng Haiyan , Li Jiali , Duan Ruijie 
Published: October 2016

A wet solid-state method was used in this work to produce [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] materials. By using core-shell structure nanocubic [Formula: see text] (BMST) decorated [Formula: see text] (BBT) assemblies, a composite capacitor with improved dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength was successfully fabricated in contrast with the composite ferroelectric [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] (BBT–BST) ceramic. With increasing Mg content, the ceramic capacitors display a stronger performance in its dielectric behavior. The best dielectric properties were obtained in the composition [Formula: see text] = 0.007 with the dielectric constant above 65,000. The dielectric strength of the ceramics was measured by a withstanding voltage tester. The best dielectric strength was achieved in the composition [Formula: see text] = 0.007 with [Formula: see text] = 5.455 kV/mm.
A Containerized Mesoscale Model and Analysis Toolkit to Accelerate Classroom Learning, Collaborative Research, and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Hacker Joshua P. , Exby John , Gill David , Jimenez Ivo , Maltzahn Carlos , See Timothy , Mullendore Gretchen , Fossell Kathryn 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) experiments can be complex and time consuming; results depend on computational environments and numerous input parameters. Delays in learning and obtaining research results are inevitable. Students face disproportionate effort in the classroom or beginning graduate-level NWP research. Published NWP research is generally not reproducible, introducing uncertainty and slowing efforts that build on past results. This work exploits the rapid emergence of software container technology to produce a transformative research and education environment. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model anchors a set of linked Linux-based containers, which include software to initialize and run the model, to analyze results, and to serve output to collaborators. The containers are demonstrated with a WRF simulation of Hurricane Sandy. The demonstration illustrates the following: 1) how the often-difficult exercise in compiling the WRF and its many dependencies is eliminated, 2) how sharing containers provides identical environments for conducting research, 3) that numerically reproducible results are easily obtainable, and 4) how uncertainty in the results can be isolated from uncertainty arising from computing system differences. Numerical experiments designed to simultaneously measure numerical reproducibility and sensitivity to compiler optimization provide guidance for interpreting NWP research. Reproducibility is independent from the operating system and hardware. Results here show numerically identical output on all computing platforms tested. Performance reproducibility is also demonstrated. The result is an infrastructure capable of accelerating classroom learning, graduate research, and collaborative science.
PDRMIP: A Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project—Protocol and Preliminary Results
Authors: Myhre G. , Forster P. M. , Samset B. H. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Sillmann J. , Aalbergsjø S. G. , Andrews T. , Boucher O. , Faluvegi G. , Fläschner D. , Iversen T. , Kasoar M. , Kharin V. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Olivié D. , Richardson T. B. , Shindell D. , Shine K. P. , Stjern C. W. , Takemura T. , Voulgarakis A. , Zwiers F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
As the global temperature increases with changing climate, precipitation rates and patterns are affected through a wide range of physical mechanisms. The globally averaged intensity of extreme precipitation also changes more rapidly than the globally averaged precipitation rate. While some aspects of the regional variation in precipitation predicted by climate models appear robust, there is still a large degree of intermodel differences unaccounted for. Individual drivers of climate change initially alter the energy budget of the atmosphere, leading to distinct rapid adjustments involving changes in precipitation. Differences in how these rapid adjustment processes manifest themselves within models are likely to explain a large fraction of the present model spread and better quantifications are needed to improve precipitation predictions. Here, the authors introduce the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP), where a set of idealized experiments designed to understand the role of different climate forcing mechanisms were performed by a large set of climate models. PDRMIP focuses on understanding how precipitation changes relating to rapid adjustments and slower responses to climate forcings are represented across models. Initial results show that rapid adjustments account for large regional differences in hydrological sensitivity across multiple drivers. The PDRMIP results are expected to dramatically improve understanding of the causes of the present diversity in future climate projections.
Persistence and Predictions of the Remarkable Warm Anomaly in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2014–16
Authors: Hu Zeng-Zhen , Kumar Arun , Jha Bhaskar , Zhu Jieshun , Huang Bohua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this work, the evolution and prediction of the persistent and remarkable warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the northeastern Pacific during October 2013–June 2016 are examined. Based on experiments with an atmospheric model, the possible contribution of SSTAs in different ocean basins to the atmospheric circulation anomalies is identified. Further, through verifying the real-time forecasts, current capabilities in predicting such an extreme warm event with a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model are assessed.During the long-lasting warm event, there were two warm maxima in the area-averaged SSTA around January 2014 and July 2015, respectively. The warm anomaly originated at the oceanic surface and propagated downward and reached about 300 m. Model experiments forced by observed SST suggest that the long persistence of the atmospheric anomalies in the northeastern Pacific as a whole may be partially explained by SST forcing, particularly in the tropical Pacific Ocean associated with a persistent warm SSTA in 2014/15 and an extremely strong El Niño in 2015/16, via its influence on atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific. Nevertheless, it was a challenge to predict the evolution of this warm event, especially for its growth. That is consistent with the fact that the SSTAs in extratropical oceans are largely a consequence of unpredictable atmospheric variability.
Large-Scale Controls on Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Loriaux Jessica M. , Lenderink Geert , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Large-eddy simulations with strong lateral forcing representative of precipitation over the Netherlands are performed to investigate the influence of stability, relative humidity (RH), and moisture convergence on precipitation. Furthermore, a simple climate perturbation is applied to analyze the precipitation response to increasing temperatures. Precipitation is decomposed to distinguish between processes affecting the precipitating area and the precipitation intensity. It is shown that amplification of the moisture convergence and destabilization of the atmosphere both lead to an increase in precipitation, but on account of different effects: atmospheric stability mainly influences the precipitation intensity, whereas the moisture convergence mainly controls the precipitation area fraction. Extreme precipitation intensities show qualitatively similar sensitivities to atmospheric stability and moisture convergence. Precipitation increases with RH due to an increase in area fraction, despite a decrease in intensity. The precipitation response to the climate perturbation shows a stronger response for the precipitation intensity than the overall precipitation, with no clear dependency on changes in atmospheric stability, moisture convergence, and relative humidity.
Evaluation and Validation of GPM Dual-Frequency Classification Module after Launch
Authors: Le Minda , Chandrasekar V. , Biswas Sounak 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory has reflectivity measurements at two different frequencies: Ku and Ka bands. The dual-frequency ratio from the measurements has been used to perform rain type classification and microphysics retrieval in the current DPR level 2 algorithm. The dual-frequency classification module is a new module in the GPM level 2 algorithm. The module performs rain type classification and melting region detection using the vertical profile of the dual-frequency ratio. This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of the GPM dual-frequency classification module after launch. The evaluation process includes a comparison between the dual-frequency classification results and the TRMM legacy single-frequency results, as well as validation with ground radars.
Improving the Altimeter-Derived Surface Currents Using High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature Data: A Feasability Study Based on Model Outputs
Authors: Rio M.-H. , Santoleri R. , Bourdalle-Badie R. , Griffa A. , Piterbarg L. , Taburet G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccurate knowledge of ocean surface currents at high spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial for a gamut of applications. The altimeter observing system, by providing repeated global measurements of the sea surface height, has been by far the most exploited system to estimate ocean surface currents over the past 20 years. However, it neither permits the observation of currents moving away from the geostrophic balance nor is it capable of resolving the shortest spatial and temporal scales of the currents. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, in this study the ways in which the high-spatial-resolution and high-temporal-resolution information from sea surface temperature (SST) images can improve the altimeter current estimates are investigated. The method involves inverting the SST evolution equation for the velocity by prescribing the source and sink terms and employing the altimeter currents as the large-scale background flow. The method feasibility is tested using modeled data from the Mercator Ocean system. This study shows that the methodology may improve the altimeter velocities at spatial scales not resolved by the altimeter system (i.e., below 150 km) but also at larger scales, where the geostrophic equilibrium might not be the unique or dominant process of the ocean circulation. In particular, the major improvements (more than 30% on the meridional component) are obtained in the equatorial band, where the geostrophic assumption is not valid. Finally, the main issues anticipated when this method is applied using real datasets are investigated and discussed.
Assessment of different approaches to rock-physics modeling: A case study from offshore Nile Delta
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Ciabarri Fabio 
Published: October 2016

The estimation of a reliable rock-physics model (RPM) plays a crucial role in reservoir characterization studies. We assess different methods in deriving a reliable RPM that will be used in conjunction with amplitude-versus-angle inversion for the characterization of a clastic reservoir located in offshore Nile Delta. The reservoir zone is located in gas-saturated sand channels surrounded by shale sequences within a depth interval ranging between 2.3 and 2.7 km. One theoretical and three empirical approaches to derive a RPM are analyzed: The theoretical RPM is established using the well-known rock-physics equations valid for granular materials, whereas the empirical RPMs are derived using one multilinear stepwise regression and two nonlinear regression procedures based on neural networks (NNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). A proper calibration and validation of the derived RPMs is conducted by using the extensive log suite of four existing wells drilled over an area of [Formula: see text]. For the investigated reservoir interval and for the encasing shales, all the analyzed methods give a final RPM that is able to reliably predict the elastic attributes (P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density) from the petrophysical properties of interest (porosity, water saturation, and shaliness). Among the empirical approaches, the RPM predicted by the multilinear regression is characterized by a prediction capability very similar to the RPMs predicted by the nonlinear GA method, thus demonstrating that in the investigated zone, the relation linking the petrophysical properties to the elastic attributes can be conveniently described by a multilinear model. Differently, the NN method seems to be affected by the overfitting problem that produces a RPM with a lower prediction capability than the RPMs estimated by the other methods. The theoretical method yields predictions of elastic properties very similar to those produced by multilinear regression.
Surface wave surveying for near-surface site characterization in the East San Francisco Bay Area, California
Authors: Craig Mitchell , Hayashi Koichi 
Published: October 2016

Seismic surface wave methods are effective tools for estimating S-wave velocity in urban areas for near-surface site characterization and geologic hazard assessment. A surface wave survey can provide quantitative site-specific measurement of physical properties needed for the design of earthquake-resistant structures. We successfully used a combined active and passive seismic surface wave method to estimate the S-wave velocity in the upper 30 m at sites with a range of geologic conditions. At five of the six sites, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and microtremor array method (MAM) methods were used. The MAM method could not be used at one site due to insufficient ambient noise. Data from the active method (MASW) contained higher frequencies that contributed to higher resolution of the near-surface zone, whereas passive data (MAM) contained lower frequencies that provided deeper penetration. Phase velocities from the two methods were in good agreement in the frequency range where they overlapped. Surface wave dispersion curves from the two methods were used to prepare an initial velocity model, and a nonlinear inversion was performed to obtain an improved velocity-depth profile. The use of a multimethod data set provided greater confidence in velocity measurements. The six sites of this study may be classified as belonging to two main groups based on S-wave velocities and geologic materials. Two sites are located in the East Bay Hills on Mesozoic bedrock, and four sites are located on Holocene sedimentary units. The highest [Formula: see text] was [Formula: see text] (class C), at a site with fractured and weathered bedrock exposed in a geotechnical trench at 1–2 m depth. The four sites on Holocene sedimentary units have [Formula: see text] values ranging from 207 to [Formula: see text] (class D).
An offshore Gabon full-waveform inversion case study
Authors: Xiao Bingmu , Kotova Nadezhda , Bretherton Samuel , Ratcliffe Andrew , Duval Gregor , Page Chris , Pape Owen 
Published: October 2016

Velocity model building is one of the most difficult aspects of the seismic processing sequence. But it is also one of the most important: an accurate earth model allows an accurate migrated image to be formed, which allows the geologist a better chance at an accurate interpretation of the area. In addition, the velocity model itself can provide complementary information about the geology and geophysics of the region. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a popular, high-end velocity model-building tool that can generate high-resolution earth models, especially in regions of the model probed by the transmitted (diving wave) arrivals on the recorded seismic data. The history of the South Gabon Basin is complex, leading to a rich geologic picture today and a very challenging velocity model-building process. We have developed a case study from the offshore Gabon area showing that FWI is able to help with the model-building process, and the resulting velocity model reveals features that improve the migrated image. The application of FWI is made on an extremely large area covering approximately 25,000 [Formula: see text], demonstrating that FWI can be applied to this magnitude of survey in a timely manner. In addition, the detail in the FWI velocity model aids the geologic interpretation by highlighting, among other things, the location of shallow gas pockets, buried channels, and carbonate rafts. The concept of actively using the FWI-derived velocity model to aid the interpretation in areas of complex geology, and/or to identify potential geohazards to avoid in an exploration context, is applicable to many parts of the world.
Community Interpreting in the Context of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Jurida Sanel Hadžiahmetović , Pavlović Tanja 
Published: October 2016

<p>The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), by providing an insight into the emergence of this “out of necessity” concept. The paper is a reflection of the origins and major features of the profession, from the perspective of active participants in this process. Since the research in this field practically does not exist in BiH, the paper attempts to highlight the fundamentals of the profession, fields of practice, professional organizations and training opportunities. The paper portrays the historical background<br />of CI in the context of BiH, trying to capture the interpreting activities and the accompanying practicalities both in the conflict (1992-1995) and post-conflict periods. CI in BiH is mainly performed my semi- and non-professionals, due to the fact that education and training institutions for community interpreters are traditionally non-existent in this country. The paper brings a historical<br />paradigm into the emergence of the interpreting profession and its inherently embedded international character in BiH. The study of CI may not have such a long tradition as other disciplines, but has immensely gained in popularity in recent decades, particularly in the context of ever-growing interest<br />by scholars. The paper follows these recent global trends aiming at contributing to a more comprehensive research in the field in the context of BiH, highlighting the importance of CI in the evolving society challenged by the newly-emerging social phenomena.</p>
The Main Factors of Production of the Fifth and Sixth Techno-Economic Paradigms in Modern Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena , Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to obtain estimates of the spread of the new
techno-economic paradigm in the Russian economy and the identification
of factors of production of new paradigms. We used econometric estimates of the
productivity of technical and economic paradigms. It is possible to determine
the contribution of the new — the fifth and sixth paradigms in per capita GDP
of Russia. In today’s economy a significant part of Russian per capita income —
Not less than 220–240 thousand rubles, provided by the fifth and sixth paradigms.
The main factors determining the contribution to 84% of new paradigms in per
capita GDP, are new technologies and human capital. New technologies are
implemented through the use of new fixed assets. The corresponding five and
six paradigms of human capital measured by the share of employed workers with
higher education.
Credit Ratings and Credit Risk: Is One Measure Enough?
Authors: Hilscher Jens , Wilson Mungo 
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the information in corporate credit ratings. If ratings are to be informative indicators of credit risk, they must reflect what a risk-averse investor cares about: both raw default probability and systematic risk. We find that ratings are relatively inaccurate measures of raw default probability—they are dominated as predictors of failure by a simple model based on publicly available financial information. However, ratings do contain relevant information since they are related to a measure of exposure to common (and undiversifiable) variation in default probability (“failure beta”). Systematic risk is shown to be related to joint default probabilities in the context of the Merton [Merton RC (1974) On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. J. Finance 29(2):449–470] model. Empirically, it is related to credit default swap spreads and risk premia. Given the multidimensional nature of credit risk, it is not possible for one measure to capture all the relevant information. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Bidding for Bidders? How the Format for Soliciting Supplier Participation in NYOP Auctions Impacts Channel Profit
Authors: Fay Scott , Zeithammer Robert 
Published: October 2016

In a name-your-own-price (NYOP) auction, consumers bid for a product or service. If a bid exceeds the concealed threshold price, the consumer receives the product at her bid price. This paper examines how to optimize the interactions between the NYOP retailer and service providers, while, at the same time, managing the bid acceptance rates in order to induce the desired consumer bidding behavior. Channel profit is impacted by how the retailer decides whether or not a given consumer bid will be accepted and, if so, which service provider is chosen to supply a unit of the product to the consumer. We devise a mechanism, the modified second-price auction, which maximizes channel profit. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
The data of national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment in real clinical practice
Authors: Melnichenko Galina A. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Vorotnikova Svetlana Y. , Tarasova Tatiana S. 
Published: October 2016

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine pathology, which doctors of different specialties face in real clinical practice.Aim of the study was to determine the features of management and treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia in different regions of Russian Federation.Material and methods. The national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment was conducted in 2014-2015 among 74 endocrinologists from 30 regions of Russia.Results. Endocrinologists in regions of Russian Federation have satisfactory access to various methods of diagnostics of the disease and its complications, knowledge of different dopamine agonists for treatment, and have practice in management of patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.Conclusion. According the data of the interview majority of doctors have insufficient level of knowledge in management and treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia that is why additional lectures and seminars should be conducted by specialists of that problem.
O pasivitě člověka ke světu
Authors: Svobodová Zuzana 
Published: October 2016

The article ”On Passivity of Men towards the World in the Context of the Accidental“ presents an attitude to an accident as one of the indicators of one's relation towards the world. Aristotle labelled accident as something that cannot be subject of science; however, he did not ignore it, but rather accepted it, while highly appreciating it for its potential of movement, change and growth. Science deals with what is the usual state of affairs, not what usually does not occur (i.e. the‎ accident); however, people are exposed to accidents in their actions. It is important to look for easy attitudes toward men and the world‎, especially in the helping professions – attitudes that lay beyond scientific reality, that will involve caring for others in the world as in a home to men, not addressing objects as part of the scientific reality.