bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertilizer Microdosing in the Humid Forest Zone of Ghana: An Efficient Strategy for Increasing Maize Yield and Income in Smallholder Farming
Authors: Okebalama Chinyere B. , Safo Ebenezer Y. , Yeboah Edward , Abaidoo Robert C. , Logah Vincent 
Published: August 2016

Core IdeasN–P–K fertilizer microdosing increased maize yields by 99% in the humid forest zone.Gleyic Plinthic Acrisol produced higher maize grain yield than the Plinthic Acrisol.Microdosing increased N, P, and K use efficiency of maize in rotation vs. sole cropping.Maize grain yield and net returns were optimal with N20P40K20and N0P40K20microdoses.High fertilizer costs pose a challenge in smallholder farming; optimizing fertilizer recommendations that are affordable to resource‐poor farmers could increase crop yield and income. The study aimed to determining the yield and economic effects of N–P–K fertilizer microdosing on maize (Zea maysL.) crops on Gleyic Plinthic Acrisol (GPA) and Plinthic Acrisol (PA) in the semideciduous rainforest zone of Ghana using a split‐plot randomized complete block design with three replications. The field trial included two cropping systems (continuous maize cropping [CMC] and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.]–maize rotation [CMR]) as main plots with four treatments (N0P0K0, N0P20K20,N0P40K20, and N20P40K20) and the recommended fertilizer rate (N90P60K60) as subplots. Fertilizer treatment effects on maize stover and grain yields were assessed. The microdose treatments increased maize yields by 32 to 99% across cropping systems and soil types. Maize grain yield increase was higher on the GPA than on the PA. The N90P60K60and N20P40K20treatments resulted in higher grain and stover yields than the other treatments across cropping systems and soil types. Among the treatments maximum grain yield increases of 76 and 99% were obtained with N20P40K20on the PA and the GPA, respectively, under CMC. Under CMR, grain yield increased by 46% with N0P40K20(PA) and 74% with N0P20K20(GPA). The largest net return was obtained with N20P40K20under CMC across both soil types and with N0P20K20(GPA) and N0P40K20(PA) under CMR. These fertilizer microdoses can be considered appropriate for increasing maize yield and the income of smallholder farmers.
El rol del auxiliar de investigación como constructor de conocimiento: un aporte desde sus experiencias académicas y personales
Authors: Calle García Sindy Alejandra , Franco Manuela , Londoño Licona Luisa Fernanda , Urrego Rivera Tatiana 
Published: August 2016

Este artículo pretende dar a conocer la importancia de pertenecer a un semillero de investigación y de ser partícipes como auxiliares de investigación en proyectos académicos, desde experiencias que permiten una formación significativa tanto en ámbitos académicos (planeación, estructuración y ejecución de proyectos), como personales (circunstancias familiares, relaciones interpersonales e intrapersonales), logrando la reflexión de las diversas situaciones de la vida cotidiana. De esta manera, el rol de auxiliar de investigación permite dar paso a la integración de conocimientos teórico-prácticos.
Inverse Relationship Between Organ-Specific Autoantibodies and Systemic Immune Mediators in Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Action LADA 11
Authors: Schloot Nanette C. , Pham Minh N. , Hawa Mohammed I. , Pozzilli Paolo , Scherbaum Werner A. , Schott Matthias , Kolb Hubert , Hunter Steven , Schernthaner Guntram , Thivolet Charles , Seissler Jochen , Leslie Richard David ,   for the Action LADA Group
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
We related organ-specific autoantibodies, including diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAs) and non-DAAs to systemic cytokines/chemokines in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the European Action LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) cohort, patients with adult-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 80, of whom 50 had LADA and 30 had classic type 1 diabetes) and type 2 diabetes (n = 626) were analyzed for DAAs (GAD antibody [GADA], IA-2 antigen, islet cell antibody, and zinc transporter T8), non-DAAs (transglutaminase, thyroid peroxide autoantibodies, parietal cell antibodies), and 10 immune mediator concentrations (measured by LUMINEX).

RESULTS
Type 1 diabetes patients (whether having classic type 1 diabetes or LADA), apart from their clinical phenotype, could not be distinguished by either autoantibodies (both DAAs and non-DAAs) or immune mediators. In type 1 diabetes, most immune mediators (9 of 10) were negatively correlated with DAA titers. Type 2 diabetes patients, who by definition were without DAAs, had fewer non-DAAs (P &lt; 0.0005), but had higher levels of proinflammatory immune mediators, especially compared with patients with type 1 diabetes who had high GADA titers (interleukin [IL]-6 [P &lt; 0.001], soluble E-selectin [P &lt; 0.01], and IL-1 receptor antagonist [P = 0.052], for trend).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with type 1 diabetes had more DAAs and non-DAAs than did those with type 2 diabetes, whereas the frequency and nature of these autoantibodies was broadly similar in classic type 1 diabetes and LADA. Systemic immune mediator levels, in the main, were negatively correlated with DAA titers, and, for some, were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially when compared with patients who had high GADA titers. Differences in the clinical classification of diabetes are associated with graded differences in adaptive and innate immune reactivity.
Die Verticillium-Welke – eine Option zur Bekämpfung des Götterbaumes in der Schweiz?
Authors: Siegrist Mélanie , Holdenrieder Ottmar 
Published: August 2016

The Verticillium wilt – an option for control of Ailanthus in Switzerland?
Ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima), a species native to China, is becoming increasingly invasive in Australia, Europe and North America. More and more frequently, the tree is also found in Swiss forests and, due to its high competitiveness, is regarded as an invasive species. In Europe and North America, A. altissima is occasionally affected by a wilt disease, which is caused by several species of the genus Verticillium. The precise identity of the pathogens was only recently clarified by molecular genetic methods. In addition to Verticillium dahlia, a wide spread fungus mainly affecting agricultural crops as well as woody plants, the recently described species Verticillium non alfalfae was detected on dying A. altissima trees. Individual genotypes of this pathogen in North America show high host specificity and are already used for biological control of A. altissima in US forests. Our article summarizes the current lit er ature on Ailanthus and the Verticillium wilt and furthermore discusses the question of whether the use of V. nonalfalfae as a mycoherbicide should also be considered for Switzerland.
Optimales Layout einer Walderschliessung
Authors: Bont Leo 
Published: August 2016

Optimal layout of a forest road network
The road network is the backbone of forest management. When creating or redesigning a forest road network, one important question is how to shape the layout, this means to fix the spatial arrangement and the dimensioning standard of the roads. We consider two kinds of layout problems. First, new forest road network in an area without any such development yet, and second, redesign of existing road network for actual requirements. For each problem situation, we will present a method that allows to detect automatically the optimal road and harvesting layout. The method aims to identify a road network that concurrently minimizes the harvesting cost, the road network cost (construction and maintenance) and the hauling cost over the entire life cycle. Ecological issues can be considered as well. The method will be presented and discussed with the help of two case studies. The main benefit of the application of optimization tools consists in an objective-based planning, which allows to check and compare different scenarios and objectives within a short time. The responses coming from the case study regions were highly positive: practitioners suggest to make those methods a standard practice and to further develop the prototype to a user-friendly expert software.
FORMATION OF CENTAURS’ RINGS THROUGH THEIR PARTIAL TIDAL DISRUPTION DURING PLANETARY ENCOUNTERS
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Charnoz Sébastien , Genda Hidenori , Ohtsuki Keiji 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Centaurs are minor planets orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune that have or had crossing orbits with one or more giant planets. Recent observations and reinterpretation of previous observations have revealed the existence of ring systems around 10199 Chariklo and 2060 Chiron. However, the origin of the ring systems around such a minor planet is still an open question. Here, we propose that the tidal disruption of a differentiated object that experiences a close encounter with a giant planet could naturally form diverse ring–satellite systems around the Centaurs. During the close encounter, the icy mantle of the passing object is preferentially ripped off by the planet's tidal force and the debris is distributed mostly within the Roche limit of the largest remnant body. Assuming the existence of a 20−50 wt% silicate core below the icy mantle, a disk of particles is formed when the objects pass within 0.4–0.8 of the planet's Roche limit with the relative velocity at infinity 3−6 km s−1 and 8 hr initial spin period of the body. The resultant ring mass is 0.1%–10% of the central object's mass. Such particle disks are expected to spread radially, and materials spreading beyond the Roche limit would accrete into satellites. Our numerical results suggest that ring formation would be a natural outcome of such extreme close encounters, and Centaurs can naturally have such ring systems because they cross the orbits of the giant planets.
Common Value Auctions with Voluntary and Qualified Entry
Authors: Casari Marco , Cason Timothy N. 
Published: August 2016

Nous étudions les enchères sous différentes règles d’entrée. En pratique, les individus choisissent eux-mêmes de participer aux enchères et les réglementations exigent souvent qu’ils remplissent certains critères de qualification. Notre expérience évalue le rôle joué par l’entrée volontaire et par les exigences financières dans la fréquence des offres excessives et des faillites, qui sont très répandues dans les enchères à valeur commune. Nous montrons que l’entrée volontaire amplifie les offres excessives et accroît les taux de faillite. L’entrée par qualification n’a qu’un impact modeste sur les offres excessives. Cette étude apporte de nouveaux enseignements par rapport aux expériences existantes puisque dans ces dernières, les sujets sont en général placés dans les enchères de manière exogène. JEL Codes: D44, D03, C92.
Crise de la dette souveraine dans l’Union européenne : transparence des banques et spreads de CDS
Authors: Alexandre Hervé , Guillemin François , Refait-Alexandre Catherine 
Published: August 2016

Nous étudions l’impact de la transparence des banques sur l’évolution des spreads de leurs credit default swaps (CDS) pendant la crise de la dette souveraine au sein de l’Union européenne. La transparence aide les investisseurs à fonder leurs anticipations et peut réduire la prime de risque informationnelle ainsi que les spreads de CDS. Nous calculons la variation anormale cumulée du spread (VACS) lors de seize annonces de dégradation de notation souveraine, de 2011 à mi-2013. Nous construisons deux indices de transparence : l’un mesure la transparence globale de la banque, l’autre mesure sa transparence vis-à-vis de l’exposition au risque souverain. Nous montrons que l’exposition au risque souverain accroît la VACS, alors que la transparence de la banque vis-à-vis de ce risque réduit la VACS ; l’information tend donc à réduire la prime de risque. Cependant, la transparence globale augmente la VACS ; les investisseurs semblent désapprouver une communication trop large et trop abondante.
D’un indice de détection d’anomalies à l’usage des investisseurs
Authors: Bernard Philippe , El Mekkaoui de Freitas Najat , Maillet Bertrand , Modesto Alejandro 
Published: August 2016

La détection de fraudes est un enjeu essentiel pour les investisseurs et les autorités financières. Le système de Ponzi mis en place par Bernard Madoff est une illustration emblématique d’une fraude de grande envergure, toujours possible lorsqu’elle est bien orchestrée. Les méthodes traditionnelles pour détecter les fraudes exigent de longues et coûteuses enquêtes, nécessitant des connaissances financières et juridiques pointues, et des professionnels hautement qualifiés. Nous poursuivons et étendons ici l’intuition de Billio et al. [2015], qui suggèrent l’utilisation d’une mesure de performance – dénommée GUN – pour construire un indice de détection de fraude. Afin d’illustrer la méthodologie et d’en montrer son utilité, nous analysons d’abord le cas Madoff, puis, sur plusieurs marchés d’OPCVM internationaux d’actions commercialisables en France, le nombre de fonds potentiellement susceptibles de fraude (ou de sous-performance avérée). Le système d’alerte proposé permet de détecter des anomalies sur plusieurs dizaines de fonds, qui devraient ainsi faire l’objet d’une attention particulière.
openSAP: Evaluating xMOOC Usage and Challenges for Scalable and Open Enterprise Education
Authors: Renz Jan , Schwerer Florian , Meinel Christoph 
Published: August 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The openSAP University is a co-innovative initiative founded in 2013 by SAP SE in partnership with the Hasso-Plattner-Institute (HPI) located in Potsdam, Germany. With its new course offering, SAP responds to a rising demand for scalable knowledge transfer due to the digital transformation by making use of the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) format. This paper provides a brief introduction to the first Enterprise MOOC platform openSAP, including details about the learning environment and the underlying platform, different team roles and usage statistics. In addition, the topic of dropouts in enterprise MOOCs will be addressed and discussed. A standardized calculation model for enterprise MOOCs to measure completion and consumption rates is proposed. The paper closes with an outlook about the future work on enterprise MOOCs. </span></p></div></div></div>
L’évaluation par les services écosystémiques des rivières ordinaires est-elle durable ?
Authors: Lespez Laurent , Germaine Marie-Anne , Barraud Régis 
Published: August 2016

L’évaluation par les services écosystémiques s’est fortement développée depuis le début des années 2000 et l’évaluation des écosystèmes pour le millénaire. Alors que les démarches entreprises pour promouvoir une gestion écologique des cours d’eau se traduisent dans l’Ouest de la France par de nombreuses opérations de restauration écologique, les conflits entre gestionnaires de l’environnement, élus, propriétaires d’ouvrages en travers (seuils, barrages) et population locale se multiplient. Face à cette situation, élus et gestionnaires expriment sur le terrain le besoin de développer des outils ou méthodes permettant de rendre plus légitimes leurs choix, de réduire les incertitudes voire de structurer le débat localement. Leur demande rencontre ainsi l’approche par les services écosystémiques promue par la Directive Cadre sur l’eau (2000) et de nombreuses institutions responsables de la gestion de l’eau. Au-delà des incertitudes méthodologiques et des difficultés techniques, cette stratégie confirme l’émergence d’un nouveau paradigme de gestion pour les rivières ordinaires. Celles-ci correspondent aux cours d’eau non-domaniaux, soumis au droit privé de propriété, inséré au sein d’espaces ruraux à l’écart des grands foyers urbains. Elles constituent l’essentiel du chevelu hydrographique dans l’ouest de la France et proposent des environnements communs à l’ensemble des petits cours d’eau de la Façade Atlantique de l’Europe. C’est au prisme de l’analyse de la temporalité des systèmes productifs, des représentations et valeurs successives associées, et de l’émergence et de la transformation des politiques publiques que nous interrogeons la signification d’une évaluation par l’intermédiaire des services écosystémiques. Il s’agit de situer la relation contemporaine entre les experts et les politiques dans une trajectoire, de montrer la précarité des représentations à l’œuvre et la difficulté de définir durablement le bien commun dans des systèmes socio-environnementaux en mutation. Cet examen révèle une trajectoire contrôlée par la succession de dispositifs complexes ayant pour objectif de maintenir la cohérence des pratiques et des principes de gestion. Nous faisons ainsi l’hypothèse que le nouveau paradigme de gestion promu constitue la pierre angulaire d’un nouveau « dispositif de pouvoir ». Appliqué à la rivière aménagée, ce dispositif met en avant l’expertise scientifique des processus biophysiques contemporains dans les décisions de gestion.
Prevention and control of operating room fires: Knowledge of staff employed by selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Jalali Habib , Asl Elahe Baloochestani , Mehr Asieh Maghami , Pourafzali Seyed Mehdi , Ghasemi Malihe 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Patient safety in hospital is an essential professional indicator that should be noticed. The thread of fires is of the most potentially dangerous risk that could harm patients and personnel. Hence, we studied operating room staff knowledge about fires, its prevention, and control, based on their specialty and their job tenure.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. A cluster sampling method was applied, and a quota was considered for each hospital. In each cluster, samples were selected through census method. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 17 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
The mean of their knowledge level about fires and its prevention was 2.71 (0.67), and control was 2.62 (0.71). In 66% of cases, the level of knowledge about fires and its prevention, and in 70% of cases, the level of knowledge about methods of fire control have been below the average (P < 0.05). As staff age increases, their level of knowledge increases as well. Hospital they are employed by, their job tenure, and their profession can affect the level of knowledge (P < 0.05).

Discussion:
This study shows that the staff knowledge about fires, its prevention, and control has been lower than the average limit. Due to the sensitivity of the issue, in terms of susceptibility of the environment and medical equipment for ignition, and also the safety of staff and patients, it is necessary to make facilities for development of staff knowledge, to eliminate defects of staff training by managers, and also to consider standards.
Preclinical medical students′ usage of electronic devices in lectures: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hui Rex W. H. , Leung Sheona S. N. , Cheung Tiffany L. C. , Chu Edwin W. M. , Fong Jason C. Y. , Lau Ivan H. W. , Leung Victor C. Y. , Leung Eugene , Yip Kimberly K. Y. , Yung Vivian , Chen Coco K. , Chan Lap Ki 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Electronic devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones are commonly used in clinical clerkships, problem-based learning, and practicals. However, there is limited literature on electronic device usage in medical lectures. This study aimed to (1) assess preclinical medical students' pattern and reason for electronic device usage in lectures and (2) assess the effect of lecture content and student factors on device usage.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study from the year 1 to 3 medical students of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. The data was collected through self-administrated questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed twice to the same cohort of students, once after their basic medical science lectures, another after humanities lectures. Categorical variables were compared by Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test; continuous variables were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis H-test.

Results:
Five hundred and seventy-nine valid questionnaires were collected. Students spent more time on electronic devices for learning in science lectures when compared with humanities lectures (P < 0.001). In contrast, students spent more time for nonlearning purposes in humanities lectures (P < 0.001). In science lectures, the mode of admission to medical school (P < 0.05) and year of study (P < 0.001) were factors affecting the device usage.

Conclusions:
Lecture content, mode of admission, and year of study have a significant impact on the electronic device usage in preclinical medical lectures. Appropriate interventions are necessary to help the students make better use of their devices and decrease the time spent on nonlearning purposes, particularly in humanities lectures.
Isometry on Linear n-G-quasi Normed Spaces
Authors: Ma Yumei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper generalizes the Aleksandrov problem: the Mazur-Ulam theoremon n-G-quasi normed spaces. It proves that a one-n-distance preserving mapping is an n-isometry if and only if it has the zero-n-G-quasi preserving property, and two kinds of n-isometries on n-G-quasi normed space are equivalent; we generalize the Benz theorem to n-normed spaces with no restrictions on the dimension of spaces.
Current Language Maintenance Research in Jordan
Authors: M. Alshboul Abdelkader 
Published: August 2016

<p>This paper investigates the methodology utilized in Jordanian language maintenance and shift research on six minorities including Chechens, Armenians, Gypsies, Druze, Circassian, and Kurds. It argues that the methodology has been based on the macro-level analysis that examined the role of a number of sociodemographic factors in the LMLS process. However, this analysis does not offer a complex picture of immigrants’ language use and attitudes. It is suggested in this paper that the micro level analysis should also be employed to illuminate the way language is negotiated and used. </p>
“Isla Juan Venado”
Authors: Corea Arellano Damiana 
Published: August 2016

Para mí es una satisfacción descubrir la obra pictórica de Damiana Corea Arellano (Juigalpa, 1979) y entenderla a ésta como posibilidad real de un relevo solvente en la plástica nicaragüense. Con dominio magistral de la espátula, digna discípula de van Gogh o Marín, crea sus densas texturas de mares, cielos y fondos encrespados, para llamar la atención del espectador a esa dimensión de la pintura, que en experimentación y búsqueda, reflexiona sobre sí misma y su estética: la metapintura. Otra dimensión destacada en la producción de Damiana es la creación de colores inéditos, es decir de su propia cosecha y que evidencian la calidad de una pintora que crea sus propios cromatismos como sello e idiolecto de una obra personal y desafiante. Tampoco es menos en Damiana, su pertinente sentido de la composición, al abordar una variedad de temas manejados con propiedad y dignidad, en su ejecución y concreción. Damiana es una artista plástica empeñada en experimentar y añadir sentido, rebeldía y belleza a este bravo mundo que nos toca habitar. Anastasio LovoPoeta, escritor y crítico de arte nicaragüenseManagua, 24 de Noviembre 2015.