bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal MRI reveals structural connectivity differences in 22q11 deletion syndrome related to impaired spatial working memory
Authors: O'Hanlon Erik , Howley Sarah , Prasad Sarah , McGrath Jane , Leemans Alexander , McDonald Colm , Garavan Hugh , Murphy Kieran C 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionImpaired spatial working memory is a core cognitive deficit observed in people with 22q11 Deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and has been suggested as a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, to date, the neuroanatomical mechanisms describing its structural and functional underpinnings in 22q11DS remain unclear. We quantitatively investigate the cognitive processes and associated neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in people with 22q11DS compared to matched controls. We examine whether there are significant between‐group differences in spatial working memory using task related fMRI, Voxel based morphometry and white matter fiber tractography.Materials and MethodsMultimodal magnetic resonance imaging employing functional, diffusion and volumetric techniques were used to quantitatively assess the cognitive and neuroanatomical features of spatial working memory processes in 22q11DS. Twenty‐six participants with genetically confirmed 22q11DS aged between 9 and 52 years and 26 controls aged between 8 and 46 years, matched for age, gender, and handedness were recruited.ResultsPeople with 22q11DS have significant differences in spatial working memory functioning accompanied by a gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus. Gray matter volume was significantly correlated with task performance scores in these areas. Tractography revealed extensive differences along fibers between task‐related cortical activations with pronounced differences localized to interhemispheric commissural fibers within the parietal section of the corpus callosum.ConclusionsAbnormal spatial working memory in 22q11DS is associated with aberrant functional activity in conjunction with gray and white matter structural abnormalities. These anomalies in discrete brain regions may increase susceptibility to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4689–4705, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Stated Preference Approach to Assess whether Health Status Impacts on Marginal Utility of Consumption
Authors: Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA sample of Danish citizens (n = 2000) was asked to participate in a hypothetical experiment in which they could self‐insure against a certain loss in income across two periods of time (one in which the person is in good health and one in which the person is in poorer health). Our results suggest that reduced health impacts on the marginal utility of consumption, but not in a linear fashion. Amongst a majority of respondents inferior, health increases the marginal utility of consumption for intermediate health states, whereas this is not the case for less and more severe health states. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New strategies in myelofibrosis: the evolving paradigm of disease pathogenesis, prognostication and treatment
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Auteri Giuseppe , Baccarani Michele 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is the most severe among the classical Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms that also include essential thrombocytemia and polycythemia vera. Myelofibrosis is characterized by numerous genetic lesions, often variously associated with each other, and by an aggressive clinical phenotype leading to severely reduced survival. Also, the inflammatory microenvironment plays a key role in disease initiation and progression. Because of the complexity of its pathogenesis and the variability of clinical features, MF is a disease that requires a personalized approach and remains orphan of curative treatments besides allogeneic transplantation. JAK2 inhibitors have marked a remarkable progress, because they alleviate systemic symptoms and reduce splenomegaly but have a limited effect on survival, on mutation load, and on marrow fibrosis. Here, we review the main contributing factors to MF pathogenesis and prognosis, focusing on how these factors relate to therapeutic choices. We discuss results from ongoing studies of JAK2 inhibitors and report on new therapeutic strategies that proved effective in early preclinical and clinical trials, including combination treatments, antifibrotic agents, and telomerase inhibitors.
Achieving value for money in health: a comparative analysis of OECD countries and regional countries
Authors: Çelik Yusuf , Khan Mahmud , Hikmet Neşet 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo measure efficiency gains in health sector over the years 1995 to 2013 in OECD, EU, non‐member European countries.MethodsAn output‐oriented DEA model with variable return to scale, and residuals estimated by regression equations were used to estimate efficiencies of health systems. Slacks for health care outputs and inputs were calculated by using DEA multistage method of estimating country efficiency scores.ResultsBetter health outcomes of countries were related with higher efficiency. Japan, France, or Sweden were found to be peer‐efficient countries when compared to other developed countries like Germany and United States. Increasing life expectancy beyond a certain high level becomes very difficult to achieve. Despite declining marginal productivity of inputs on health outcomes, some developed countries and developing countries were found to have lowered their inefficiencies in the use of health inputs. Although there was no systematic relationship between political system of countries and health system efficiency, the objectives of countries on social and health policy and the way of achieving these objectives might be a factor increasing the efficiency of health systems.ConclusionsEconomic and political stability might be as important as health expenditure in improving health system goals. A better understanding of the value created by health expenditures, especially in developed countries, will require analysis of specific health interventions that can increase value for money in health. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hillslope soil water flowpaths and the dynamics of roadside soil cation pools influenced by road deicers
Authors: Rossi Robert J. , Bain Daniel J. , Elliott Emily M. , Divers Marion , O'Neill Bridget 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOver the past 60 years, road deicers (i.e. road salt) have been applied to roadways in high latitudes to improve road conditions in winter weather. However, the dissolution of road deicers in highway runoff creates waters with high concentrations of sodium, which can mobilize soil metals via soil cation‐exchange reactions. While several studies have detailed the interactions of road salt‐rich solutions and surface and ground waters, less attention has been given to how local hydrologic flowpaths can impact the delivery of these solutions to near‐road soils. Between 2013 and 2014, soil water samples were collected from a roadside transect of lysimeter nests in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA). Soil water samples were analysed for metal concentrations and resulting data used to examine cation dynamics. While patterns in soil water calcium and magnesium concentrations follow patterns in soil water sodium concentrations, additional processes influence patterns in soil water potassium concentrations. Specifically, we observe the highest calcium and magnesium concentrations in the deepest lysimeters, suggesting divalent cations are mobilized to, and potentially accumulate in, deeper soil horizons. In contrast, soil water potassium concentrations do not follow this pattern. Additionally, in all examined elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Cl), the timing of concentration peaks appears be influenced by a combination of both distance from the roadside and sampling depth. These relationships not only suggest that multiple soil water flowpaths interact with our study transect but also confirm that road salt plumes persist and migrate following the road salting season. Characterizing the interactions of sodium‐rich solutions and roadside soil cation pools clarifies our understanding of metal dynamics in the roadside environment. A deeper understanding of these processes is necessary to effectively restore and manage watersheds as high total dissolved solid solutions (e.g. road deicing melt, unconventional natural gas brines, and marginal irrigation water) continue to influence hydrological systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Two Approaches of Diffusible Iodine‐Based Contrast‐Enhanced Computed Tomography (diceCT) for Avian Cephalic Material
Authors: LI ZHIHENG , KETCHAM RICHARD A. , YAN FEI , MAISANO JESSICA A. , CLARKE JULIA A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDiffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography presents a comparatively new tool kit for imaging fine‐scale three‐dimensional phenotypes that is rapidly becoming standard anatomical practice. However, relatively few studies have attempted to look at subtle differences in staining protocols or attempted to model tissue reactions to gain insight into staining mechanisms. Here, two iodine‐based contrast agents, iodine‐ethanol (I2E) and iodine‐potassium iodide (I2KI) in neutral buffered formalin , were applied to avian cephalic specimens to investigate their effectiveness. We found that the two solutions had markedly different results for staining of mineralized skeletal tissues (i.e., bone). Other tissues, including muscles, epithelia, and common connective tissues (e.g., lamina propria) were assessed individually and show minor differences in the sorption of iodine. Numerical simulations suggest that different results from I2E and I2KI‐formaldehyde staining are due to different partition coefficients and retardation factors of tissues, fixation effects, as well as distinct iodine diffusion and sorption patterns. We found a clear positive relationship between glycogen concentration and grayscale values measured within muscle, epithelia, nervous tissues, and glands. We also found the use of ethanol for tissue fixation and following I2E staining outperforms I2KI‐formaldehyde by providing higher efficiency for acquiring greater contrast both between different soft tissues and between mineralized and nonmineralized tissues.
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: A critical analysis of diagnostic work‐up and operative approach
Authors: Ethun Cecilia G. , Postlewait Lauren M. , Baptiste Gillian G. , McInnis Mia R. , Cardona Kenneth , Russell Maria C. , Kooby David A. , Staley Charles A. , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundSmall bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NETs) are often small, multifocal, difficult to localize preoperatively, and can be overlooked during operative exploration. The optimal work‐up and operative approach is unknown.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of SB‐NETs at a single‐institution from 2000 to 2014 were included. Primary aim was to describe the diagnostic work‐up and compare minimally invasive (MIS) to open resection.ResultsNinety‐three patients underwent resection for SB‐NETs. About 71% were symptomatic and on average underwent three diagnostic tests: 45% had octreoscans (85% diagnostic yield); 11% had SB‐enteroscopy (10% yield); 19% had capsule endoscopy (83% yield, but identified the correct tumor number in only 21%). About 27 pts underwent MIS versus 66 open. MIS pts were younger (56 vs. 61 yrs; P = 0.035), and less likely to have obstruction (4% vs. 24%; P = 0.019) and metastases (19% vs. 44%; P = 0.038). Compared to open, MIS had smaller (1.7 vs. 2.4 cm; P = 0.03) and fewer tumors resected (2 vs. 5; P = 0.049), but similar LN yield (13 vs. 12; P = 0.7). In non‐metastatic, curative‐intent resections, MIS still resected fewer tumors compared to open (1.5 vs. 4; P = 0.034).ConclusionCapsule endoscopy may be better than small bowel enteroscopy at identifying occult SB‐NETs, but may underestimate tumor burden. While MIS may be appropriate in select patients, recognizing the limitations of preoperative evaluation is critical for these tumors, as heightened operative vigilance is often required. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:671–676. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic implications of 2005 Gleason grade modification. Population‐based study of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Thomsen Frederik B. , Folkvaljon Yasin , Brasso Klaus , Loeb Stacy , Robinson David , Egevad Lars , Stattin Pär 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the 2005 modification of the Gleason classification on risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).Patients and MethodsIn the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe), 2,574 men assessed with the original Gleason classification and 1,890 men assessed with the modified Gleason classification, diagnosed between 2003 and 2007, underwent primary RP. Histopathology was reported according to the Gleason Grading Groups (GGG): GGG1 = Gleason score (GS) 6, GGG2 = GS 7(3 + 4), GGG3 = GS 7(4 + 3), GGG4 = GS 8 and GGG5 = GS 9–10. Cumulative incidence and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess difference in BCR.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of BCR was lower using the modified compared to the original classification: GGG2 (16% vs. 23%), GGG3 (21% vs. 35%) and GGG4 (18% vs. 34%), respectively. Risk of BCR was lower for modified versus original classification, GGG2 Hazard ratio (HR) 0.66, (95%CI 0.49–0.88), GGG3 HR 0.57 (95%CI 0.38–0.88) and GGG4 HR 0.53 (95%CI 0.29–0.94).ConclusionDue to grade migration following the 2005 Gleason modification, outcome after RP are more favourable. Consequently, outcomes from historical studies cannot directly be applied to a contemporary setting. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:664–670. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive global trends in the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer based on geographic location, socio‐economic status, and demographic shift
Authors: Are Chandrakanth , Chowdhury Sanjib , Ahmad Humera , Ravipati Advaitaa , Song Tianqiang , Shrikandhe Shailesh , Smith Lynette 
Published: August 2016

Background and ObjectivesPancreatic Cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy that accounts for about 4% of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe the influence of geography (based on WHO regions), socio‐economic development (based on Human Development Index [HDI]) and demographic shift on the temporal trends in global incidence and mortality of PC.MethodsData (2012–2030) relating to the incidence, mortality of PC and demographic shifts based on WHO regions and HDI areas were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends in total incidence and mortality.ResultsWe noted a definite association between PC and higher socio‐economic status. Advanced age (age ≥65) contributed to the rising burden in all socio‐economic regions of the world except in the Low Human Development (LHD) countries where the disease predominantly affected population <65 years of age.ConclusionsThe global burden of PC is expected to rise significantly over the next few decades regardless of geographic location, socio‐economic development, age and gender. Advance knowledge of this data can help formulate strategies to specifically target countries and populations that promote public health policy to tackle this lethal disease on the global stage. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:736–742. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Clay Dispersed in Water for Decreasing Soil Water Repellency
Authors: Diamantis Vasileios , Pagorogon Lorvi , Gazani Eleutheria , Gkiougkis Ioannis , Pechtelidis Alexandros , Pliakas Fotios , van den Elsen Erik , Doerr Stefan H. , Ritsema Coen J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examined the efficiency of a kaolinite clayey soil to mitigate water repellency of a sandy soil with olive trees. The treatment was applied to the soil zone below the tree canopy, which displayed the highest degree of water repellency [average water drop penetration time (WDPT) value = 820 s]. Both dry (incorporated onto the top soil) and wet clay applications (after dispersion in irrigation water) were examined in a replicated experiment, with control trees being used for comparison. The application rate of the clayey soil was maintained in both cases (wet and dry mode) equal to 1 kg m−2, while the effect of subsequent wetting and drying cycles on the treatment performance was evaluated. The results of the study verify that clay application was effective to mitigate soil water repellency. Dry supplementation displayed low efficiency (26% reduction of the air‐dry WDPT compared with the control soil) within the first week of application. The efficiency of the dry‐clay treatment increased to 76% after applying three subsequent wetting and drying cycles. In comparison with the dry mode, the wet clay was efficient immediately after application (74% reduction of the WDPT), indicating that the limiting step in the overall process was clay dispersion. Based on the findings of this study, it was proposed that wet clay application is of interest for controlling soil water repellency in agricultural land. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C and 15N NMR spectra of high‐energy polyazidocyanopyridines
Authors: Chapyshev Sergei V. , Chernyak Alexander V. , Ushakov Evgeny N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract13C and 15N NMR spectra of high‐energy 2,4,6‐triazidopyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile, 2,3,5,6‐tetraazidopyridine‐4‐carbonitrile and 3,4,5,6‐tetraazidopyridine‐2‐carbonitrile are reported. The assignment of signals in the spectra was performed on the basis of density functional theory calculations. The molecular geometries were optimized using the M06‐2X functional with the 6‐311+G(d,p) basis set. The magnetic shielding tensors were calculated by the gauge‐independent atomic orbital method with the Tao–Perdew–Staroverov–Scuseria hybrid functional known as TPSSh. In all the calculations, a polarizable continuum model was used to simulate solvent effects. This approach provided accurate predictions of the 13C and 15N chemical shifts for all the three compounds despite complications arising due to non‐coplanar arrangement of the azido groups in the molecules. It was found that the 15N chemical shifts of the Nα atoms in the azido groups of 2,4,6‐triazidopyridines correlate with the 13C chemical shifts of the carbon atoms attached to these azido groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI‐based quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* mapping of liver iron overload: Comparison with SQUID‐based biomagnetic liver susceptometry
Authors: Sharma Samir D. , Fischer Roland , Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Nielsen Peter , Kooijman Hendrik , Yamamura Jin , Adam Gerhard , Bannas Peter , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeWe aimed to determine the agreement between quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)‐based biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) and confounder‐corrected R2* mapping with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)‐based biomagnetic liver susceptometry in patients with liver iron overload.MethodsData were acquired from two healthy controls and 22 patients undergoing MRI and SQUID‐BLS as part of routine monitoring for iron overload. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 3T system using a three‐dimensional multi‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition. Both magnetic susceptibility and R2* of the liver were estimated from this acquisition. Linear regression was used to compare estimates of QSM‐BLS and R2* to SQUID‐BLS.ResultsBoth QSM‐BLS and confounder‐corrected R2* were sensitive to the presence of iron in the liver. Linear regression between QSM‐BLS and SQUID‐BLS demonstrated the following relationship: QSM‐BLS = (−0.22 ± 0.11) + (0.49 ± 0.05) · SQUID‐BLS with r2 = 0.88. The coefficient of determination between liver R2* and SQUID‐BLS was also r2 = 0.88.ConclusionWe determined a strong correlation between both QSM‐BLS and confounder‐corrected R2* to SQUID‐BLS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of QSM‐BLS and confounder‐corrected R2* for assessing liver iron overload, particularly when SQUID systems are not accessible. Magn Reson Med 78:264–270, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
New strategy for improving the diagnostic sensitivity of repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Bou Ali Hanna , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Grapperon Aude Marie , Gallard Julien , Franques Jerome , Sevy Amandine , Delmont Emilien , Verschueren Annie , Pouget Jean , Attarian Shahram 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The diagnostic sensitivity of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) varies as a function of the number of muscles or the choice of muscles studied. Methods: By exploring 12 muscles bilaterally, we evaluated the global sensitivity of RNS at rest, the sensitivity in different clinical forms, and the sensitivity of different combinations of muscles studied. Results: The global sensitivity of RNS was 82%, and specificity was 100%. The sensitivity in the MG subgroups was as follows: ocular (O) = 67%; oculobulbar (OB) = 86%; and generalized (G) = 89%. The most sensitive muscles were the anconeus in group O, orbicularis oculi (OO) or nasalis in group OB, and the trapezius in group G. Maximum sensitivity was obtained by exploring OO, trapezius, and anconeus bilaterally. Conclusions: We recommend bilateral exploration of at least 3 muscles, a facial muscle, trapezius, and anconeus. Muscle Nerve 55: 532–538, 2017
The impact of obesity on outcomes and complications after top‐down retropubic midurethral sling
Authors: Karaman Umar , Campbell Kevin J. , Frilot Clifton F. , Gomelsky Alex 
Published: August 2016

AimsObese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) have been considered at higher risk for postoperative complications and failure in efficacy after SUI surgery. We compare the outcomes in this population with non‐obese women (BMI < 30 kg/m2) undergoing top‐down retropubic polypropylene midurethral sling (RPM).MethodsWe retrospectively identified 328 non‐obese women and 294 obese women who underwent RPM. Evaluation included SEAPI (stress incontinence, emptying, anatomy, protection, inhibition) assessment and validated QoL questionnaires. Cure was defined as absence of subjective and objective SUI and no additional procedures to correct SUI. Perioperative details were abstracted from the hospital and clinic charts. Groups and outcomes were statistically compared.ResultsAll women had a minimum follow up of 12 months. Preoperative demographic variables, SEAPI scores, and QoL indices were similar between BMI groups. SUI cure rates were significantly higher for non‐obese women (82.9% vs. 74.5%; P < 0.01). When controlling for concomitant pelvic surgery, cure rates were not statistically different (76.9% vs. 73.7%; P = 0.65). Statistically significant improvement in SEAPI scores and QoL indices was achieved in both groups. Overall, obese women had no increase in complications compared with the non‐obese. The chance of passing an initial postoperative voiding trial was statistically higher in the obese group.ConclusionsObese women have similar success rates and significant improvement in QoL as non‐obese women after RPM. Obesity alone does not appear to be a risk factor for additional complications during sling surgery and obese women may have earlier return to normal voiding after surgery.