bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Paliperidone Depot in Seriously Violent Men With Comorbid Schizophrenia and Dissocial Personality Disorder in a Uk High-Security Hospital
Authors: Mortlock A.M. , Larkin F. , Ross C. , Sengupta S. , Das M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHigh-security hospital patients are often complex in presentation characterised by treatment resistance, medication non-concordance and history of violence. Paliperidone is licensed as both an oral and depot antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia. Whilst there is data for the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate (PP), there are no studies involving patients in forensic settings or those with comorbid personality disorder.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of PP on violence, aggression and personality pathology.AimTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of PP.MethodsThis was a retrospective service evaluation involving 11 patients. Medical records and interviews with the treating psychiatrist were used to formulate clinical global impression (CGI) and to identify incidents of violence. The effect on personality symptom domains; cognitive-perceptual, impulsive-behavioural dyscontrol and affective dysregulation was ascertained, as well as engagement with occupational and psychological therapies.ResultsSix patients were being prescribed PP. All 6 showed improvement in the CGI score with benefits in the symptom domains. Two patients demonstrated a reduction in violence risk and 2 remained incident-free. There was improvement in engagement with therapies. Benefits were also seen in aspects of personality for those who had discontinued PP.ConclusionsThis pragmatic study of a small but complex patient group demonstrated that PP was effective in reducing symptoms of schizophrenia. Additionally and for the first time, it was shown that PP was also effective in reducing violence as well as improving personality pathology dimensions in a comorbid patient. This could have significant implications for management of high-security patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
When a Man Loves a Woman: a Case of Erotomania in the 21st Century
Authors: Rodrigues C. , Andrade M. , Palma V. , Cardoso C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionErotomania, or De Clerambault's Syndrome, was first described in 1921. However, cases of Insane Love were long known before. Presently, this condition is classified as a delusional disorder typically affecting women. However, in forensic samples, most of these reports relate to men with violent behaviour, associated to harassing or stalking of a woman.ObjectiveTo present the case of a man, diagnosed with Erotomania and literature review of similar cases.AimTo bring awareness to the infrequent diagnosis of this condition in males and the legal implications this condition may have.MethodsConsultation of the patient's clinical process and published articles focusing on Erotomania in men.ResultsA 50-year-old man was referred from Court for persistently stalking a woman on the past few years. He revealed erotomanic and persecutory delusions, believing these accusations were all part of a scheme to restrain his alleged relationship.There was a clinical improvement during hospitalization and treatment with antipsychotics. Due to the legal process in court, a forensic examination was also performed.ConclusionsOn the follow-up, the patient remained stabilized. He would not verbalize any delusional content, and calmly deny any inadequate behaviour. However, some of his stalking attitude remains. As many of these patients, we believe his delusion is still present, although his behaviour is more controlled with treatment. Recognizing the characteristics and course of this disorder in our patients, grants a better chance of intervention and attentiveness towards the legal implications that may arise.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Continuities and Discontinuities Between Psychopathy and Narcissism Among Male Offenders
Authors: Velotti P. , Garofalo C. , D’Aguanno M. , Rogier G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA heated and longstanding debate exists as to whether psychopathy and narcissism represent two distinct, albeit overlapping, constructs, or two different labels for the same concept. However, relatively scant attention has been dedicated to this issue in offender populations, which are likely to present elevated levels of both psychopathy and narcissism. Furthermore, the picture is complicated by the multidimensional nature of both constructs.ObjectiveWe sought to explore the associations among psychopathy facets and pathological narcissism dimensions, comparing an offender sample with community participants.AimsTo highlight similarities and differences in clinically relevant and sub-clinical levels of psychopathy and narcissism dimensions, as well as in pattern of associations between them.MethodsA sample of male offenders incarcerated in Italian jails, and a sample of community-dwelling men, were administered the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP-4; Paulhus et al., 2015) and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009).ResultsAs expected, levels of both narcissism and psychopathy were significantly higher in the offender sample. Narcissism and psychopathy were only partly related, with correlations ranging from low to moderate in size, and differential pattern of associations between selected dimensions emerged consistently with theoretical models and in line with prior studies.ConclusionsPsychopathy and narcissism are two separate syndromes, which share similar aspects but also present distinct features and this is likely to explain their partial overlap. Future studies should take a closer look at how facets of psychopathy and narcissism relate across different samples (e.g., also examining female offender samples).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Dealing With Shame – the ‘psychopathic Way’: Preliminary Investigation for a New Developmental Framework of Psychopathic Traits
Authors: Velotti P. , D’aguanno M. , Garofalo C. , Rogier G. 
Published: May 2016

Although individuals with psychopathic traits are deemed as immune to emotional experiences, in recent year, some authors have advanced the hypothesis that a pervasive pattern of emotion dysregulation may characterize the developmental trajectories leading to a psychopathic personality structure. Shame has been proposed as crucial emotions to understand psychopathy. It has been argued that people, who often experience shame feelings during their childhood, may develop adaptive strategies to cope with them, which lead to maladaptive strategies to regulate shame feelings in adulthood. These maladaptive strategies may explain the increased likelihood for these individuals to violence when feeling ashamed. Whether these mechanisms may also explain the presence of high psychopathic traits remains a clinically valid theoretical hypothesis, which lacks empirical support.ObjectiveTo investigate whether maladaptive strategies to cope with shame feelings were associated with psychopathic traits.AimsTo examine the association between four maladaptive shame coping were positively related with psychopathic traits.MethodsA sample of male offenders incarcerated in Italian jails completed the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Paulhus et al., 2015) and the Compass of Shame Scale (Elison et al., 2006).ResultsAs hypothesized, maladaptive shame regulation strategies did predict psychopathic traits in the offender sample examined. Specifically, significant and meaningful associations occurred between avoidance and attack other coping styles and psychopathic traits.ConclusionsThe present study is among the first in providing evidence of a possible relationship between maladaptive strategies to cope with shame feelings and psychopathic traits, and such link can be informative to tailor treatment programs for these hard-to-treat patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Catatonia and Dementia
Authors: Almeida M. , Gama Pereira C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionCatatonia, described by Kahlbaum in 1874, is usually seen as a type of schizophrenia, but it can also occur in a wide range of other psychiatric/organic disturbances. There is a documented association between dementia and catatonia, in all phases of cognitive impairment.AimsLiterature review and discussion about Catatonia, regarding a case report.MethodsClinical interviews and literature review in PUBMED database.Results (case report)Female patient, 89 years old, without psychiatric history, was diagnosed with dementia 5 months prior to episode. On admission, she presents with prostration, mutism and refusal to eat/drink. Laboratory studies were normal and TC-CE shows signs of an old stroke in left temporo-parietal region and diffuse signs of ischemic leucoencephalopathy. At psychiatric evaluation, she was stuporous, unreactive to pain, mute, not following verbal commands, keeping her eyes closed and resisting attempts to open her eyelids. She had global rigidity, axial and limbs, and maintains the postures the examiner puts her into for long periods. She was already given chlorpromazine, without improvement. Then she takes diazepam 10 mg iv, with remission of the state.ConclusionsAlthough catatonia usually presents with drama, clinicians often forget to consider it in differential diagnosis, probably because of its traditional association with schizophrenia. A promptly diagnostic is crucial to provide adequate treatment, avoiding drugs that can worsen/perpetuate the clinical state. Some authors even support the idea that motor features associated with end-line dementias may correspond to lorazepam-responsive catatonia, in which treatment may have a tremendous impact worldwide.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Associated with Desvenlafaxine
Authors: García Fernández E. , Ramos García D.M.I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDesvenlafaxine is a prescription medication approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. Hyponatremia secondary to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a possible side effect in patients receiving serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIS)MethodTo report a case of SIADH associated with desvenlafaxine.ResultsWe present a 80-year-old female patient who required hospitalization due to an episode of psychotic depression. During the hospitalization, the patient developed hyponatremia after commencing treatment with desvenlafaxine. The serum sodium at this time was 117 mmol/L, serum osmolality was 249 mosmol/kg, urine osmolality 395 mosmol/kg and urine sodium 160 mmol/L, consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH. Desvenlafaxine was ceased and fluid restriction implemented. The mental status improved, and electrolyte studies 6 days later revealed serum sodium and osmolality values of 135 mEq/L during treatment with duoxetine.ConclusionsSIADH has been reported with a range of antidepressants in elderly patients. This case report suggests that desvenlafaxine might cause clinically significant hyponatremia. Close monitoring is recommended in patients starting therapy with antidepressant treatment to study and prevent possible adverse effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sensory processing patterns, coping strategies, and quality of life among patients with major affective disorders
Authors: Engel-Yeger B. , Serafini G. , Gonda X. , Pompili M. , Amore M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies suggested the involvement of sensory perception in emotional processes and major affective disorders. Similarly, cognitive capacities and coping strategies are reported to influence quality of life of patients with unipolar and bipolar disorders.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to investigate the nature of the association between sensory processing patterns, coping strategies, and quality of life among patients with major affective disorders.AimsThe study aimed to compare unipolar/bipolar patients concerning sensory processing, coping strategies and quality of life (QOL); examine correlations between sensory processing and QOL; investigate the relative contribution of socio-demographic characteristics, sensory processing, and coping strategies to the prediction of QOL.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-seven participants, aged 16–85 years (mean = 53.6 ± 15.7), 157 diagnosed with unipolar major depressive disorder and 110 with bipolar disorder type I and type II completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced, and Short Form 12 Health Survey 2.ResultsThe unipolar and bipolar groups did not differ concerning sensory processing, coping strategies, and QOL. Sensory processing patterns correlated with QOL independently of the mediation by coping strategies. Correlations between low registration, sensory sensitivity, sensation avoidance, and reduced QOL were found more frequently in unipolar patients than bipolar patients. Elevated physical QOL was mainly predicted by lower age and lower sensory sensitivity whereas elevated mental QOL was mainly predicted by coping strategies.ConclusionsFuture studies should further investigate the impact of sensory processing and coping strategies on patients’ QOL to enhance adaptive and functional behaviors related to affective disturbances.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychotherapy for Adhd in People with Idd
Authors: Elstner S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsychopharmacology and psychotherapy in children with ADHD is still well established and has been studied for many years. There has been a growing interest in treatment of ADHD in adults for some years. Whereas meanwhile the psychopharmacological treatment is well studied, the psychotherapeutic interventions are still to optimize.ObjectiveSince the acceptance of the diagnosis of “ADHD” in adults, there has been a growing interest in using medication as the first-line therapy. There is an established evidence base for psychopharmacological treatment in ADHD. The current therapeutic recommendations for the general population apply to people with ADHD and IDD. The study is a review of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of ADHD in adults with and without IDD supported by a case study.MethodsA literature search was conducted in “Pubmed” and “PsycInfo” using the keywords “Psychotherapy”, “ADHD”, “Adults” and further “Psychotherapy”, “ADHD”, “Adults”, “intellectual”, “disabilities”. Exclusion criterion was ADHD as a sub-syndrome in the presence of other syndromes.ResultsOnly 2–3 publications on psychotherapy in adults with ADHD were found. Very little was found on people with IDD, and these were especially combined with the Fragile X Syndrome.ConclusionPsychotherapy in adults with ADHD is not yet well elaborated in the scientific literature. There are some common used intervention strategies like psycho-education, cognitive behavioural therapy, and attention focusing interventions such as mindfulness-strategies. Using the principles of Easy-to-Read language and modifying the general therapeutic settings as recommended by NICE, an adaptation of these interventions in the treatment of adults with ADHD and IDD has potential.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Can Physician Incentives Improve Continuity of Care For Patients Receiving Depression Treatment in the Primary Care Setting?
Authors: Joseph P. , Kazanjian A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn 2008, the province of British Columbia, Canada introduced financial incentives to encourage general practitioners (GPs) to assume the role of major source of care for patients seeking mental health treatment in primary care. If successful, this intervention could strengthen GP–patient attachment and consequently improve continuity of care. The impact of this intervention, however, has never been investigated.AimTo estimate the population level impact of physician incentives on continuity of care (COC).MethodThis retrospective study examined linked health administrative data from physician claims, hospital separations, vital statistics, and insurance plan registries. Monthly cohorts of individuals with depression were identified and their GP visits tracked for 12 months, following receipt of initial diagnosis. COC indices were created, one for any visits (AV) and another for mental health visits (MHV) only. COC (range: 0–100) was calculated using published formula that accounts for the number of visits and number of GPs visited. Interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the changes in COC before (01/2005–12/2007) and after (01/2008–12/2012) the introduction of physician incentives.ResultsThe monthly number of people diagnosed with depression ranged from 7497 to 10,575; yearly rates remained stable throughout the study period. At the start of the study period, mean COC for AV and MHV were 75.6 and 82.2 respectively, with slopes of –0.11 and –0.06. Post-intervention, the downward trend was disrupted but did not reverse.ConclusionsPhysician incentives failed to enhance COC. However, results suggest that COC could have been worse without the incentives.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Inspire Measure of Staff Support for Personal Recovery
Authors: Ratti N. , Mattioli B. , Mellini L. , Negri I. , Mastrocola A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSupporting personal recovery has become the main aim for mental health services in many countries nowadays. In particular, the relationship between individual service users and staff members can be the key issue in supporting recovery and this requires specific measures in order to identify and evaluate the orientation of services in this process of change. INSPIRE is a standardized questionnaire developed by King's College, London that represents a service user-rated measure of staff support for personal recovery in the UK.ObjectiveAlthough there is a number of instruments aimed at monitoring recovery in the clinical and functional features, there is still lack of measures for personal recovery and recovery orientation of services in the Italian background.AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of INSPIRE as it is applied in the Italian mental health services.MethodsTwo rounds of data were collected from a sample of 79 inpatients and outpatients of rehabilitation centers and consultant service of the municipality of Ravenna. Analysis was undertaken using SPSS. The main issues investigated were internal consistency, test-retest reliability and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe results in the present studies indicate that the Italian version of the INSPIRE measure had a very good internal consistency and a satisfactory test-retest reliability.ConclusionsWhile further studies testing the instrument in larger and more diverse clinical contexts are needed, INSPIRE can be considered a relevant and feasible instrument to use in supporting the development of a recovery-oriented system in Italy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and determinants of common fears in children and their socio-demographic characteristic
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveMost children experience some degree of fear during their development. Excessive fears can create serious obstacles to children. The aim of this study was to identify the most common fears in a sample of children and adolescents and examine the socio-demographic correlates of fears.Subjects and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted during the period July 2010 to February 2012 at Public and Private Schools of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, in Qatar. Out of 2188 students approached, 1703 students agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 77.8%. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic information, academic performance, behaviour at home and various fears.ResultsMore than half of the children experienced fears (56.7%). Most of them were in the intermediate level, 12–15 years old (46.1%). Overall, reported fears were significantly more frequent in girls (62.6%) than boys (37.4%) (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between girls and boys who experienced fears in their age group (P < 0.001), education of mother (P = 0.04), household income (P = 0.008) and academic performance (P < 0.001). The most frequent reported fears were fear of someone dying in the family (85.2%), parents getting divorced (84.5%), breaking religious law (82%), being kidnapped (78.2%), family members ill (78%) and dying (76.7%).ConclusionsThe study findings revealed that fears were highly prevalent in Arab children and adolescents in Qatar. Girls reported more fears than boys. There was a significant difference observed between girls and boys in their age group and academic performance for the reported fears.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Early Intervention In Psychosis In Hospital Santa Ana AGS. A Transcultural Vision
Authors: Girela Serrano B. , Guerreron Jiménez M. , Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro C.M. , Rodrigo Manzano J.A. , Martínez García O.B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe aim of this paper is to study the profile of Moroccan users to contextualize interventions and to identify if specific requirements are observed.MethodsA descriptive statistical analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables are performed to acknowledge the differences between Moroccan users (n = 6) compared to the group of Spanish users (n = 12).ResultsThe following was found in the Moroccan users: the average age was 7 years higher. The percentage of Toxic abuse was slightly higher (83% vs 75%), although in comparison to the Spanish users the Moroccan users had double the percentage of patients treated in the Addictions center.There were no significant differences in the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and in the duration of untreated illness (DUI). According to the referral, the Moroccan users were better detected in Primary care (50%/8%).Regarding the PANSS negative symptoms predominated in Moroccan (45/20 percentile) and general psychopathology (65/35 percentile).In the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), there are only differences in Autonomy Execution (T score = 104/T = 92).The Family Questionnaire (FQ) shows that families reported greater frequency and discomfort of symptoms and the user as less capable of controlling themselves. Finally, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) offers an average of nearly 15 points lower.DiscussionThe training area stands out as a handicap in the rehabilitation process. Clinically negative symptoms and general discomfort are factors that limit the overall functioning. More specific interventions are also required for the families of these users.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.