bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of disinfectants on the embryonation and survival of Toxascaris leonina eggs
Authors: El-Dakhly Kh.M. , Aboshinaf A.S.M. , Arafa W.M. , Mahrous L.N. , El-Nahass E. , Gharib A.F. , Holman P.J. , Craig T.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe effect of six available and commercial disinfectants on the embryonation and larval development of Toxascaris leonina eggs was studied. Dettol® and Virkon® both induced a 100% reduction in larval development (P ≤ 0.05). Dettol® resulted in deformed eggshells and a halt in embryonal development at 1 week post exposure. All Virkon®-treated eggs showed an early embryonic lysis 24 h post exposure. TH4+ and 70% ethanol both significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected larval development, with 58.8 and 85.8% reduction, respectively. Neither sodium hypochlorite nor phenol significantly affected larval development (2.8 and 21.0%, respectively). Sodium hypochlorite treatment caused a visible decortication of the eggshell; however, phenol-treated embryonated Toxascaris eggs appeared more or less morphologically normal. In conclusion, the disinfectants tested induced variable degrees of decortication and suppression of larval development. Virkon®S was the most effective disinfectant against Toxascaris eggs, suggesting that it is the most advisable one to use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of Virkon®S as an ovicide and/or larvicide of helminths, particularly Toxascaris leonina.
The role of the descriptor ‘broken English’ in ideologies about nonnative speech
Authors: Lindemann Stephanie , Moran Katherine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study investigates how the descriptor ‘broken English’ is used to construct speakers as nonnative within standard language ideology. In-depth analysis of examples found through WebCorp, used to search US websites, and the Corpus of Contemporary American English found that the term was largely used to refer to comprehensible English identified as nonnative. Users of such English were constructed as Other, usually highly negatively. The rarer cases of more positive descriptions referred to encounters outside English-speaking countries, consistent with monolingualist ideology, and when used for a more distantly superior person, made them more attractive through greater apparent accessibility. Four mechanisms are discussed by which use of the term naturalizes ideologies. Crucially, its ambiguity promotes slippage between ‘neutral’ and negative uses, allowing any English identified as nonnative to be characterized as ‘broken’, slipping into ‘not English’, with such descriptions treated as an acceptable way to identify nonnative speakers as public menace. (Standard language ideology, ideology of nativeness, monolingualist ideology, Othering, corpus-informed research)*
Rules to Identify Persons with Frailty in Administrative Health Databases
Authors: Urquhart Robin , Giguere Anik M.C. , Lawson Beverley , Kendell Cynthia , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna M. , Puyat Joseph H. , Kazanjian Arminee , Straus Sharon , Johnston Grace M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis study sought to develop frailty “identification rules” using population-based health administrative data that can be readily applied across jurisdictions for living and deceased persons. Three frailty identification rules were developed based on accepted definitions of frailty, markers of service utilization, and expert consultation, and were limited to variables within two common population-based administrative health databases: hospital discharge abstracts and physician claims data. These rules were used to identify persons with frailty from both decedent and living populations across five Canadian provinces. Participants included persons who had died and were aged 66 years or older at the time of death (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia) and living persons 65 years or older (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec). Descriptive statistics were computed for persons identified using each rule. The proportion of persons identified as frail ranged from 58.2-78.1 per cent (decedents) and 5.1-14.7 per cent (living persons).
Predicting Fatigue 12 Months after Child Traumatic Brain Injury: Child Factors and Postinjury Symptoms
Authors: Crichton Alison , Oakley Ed , Babl Franz E , Greenham Mardee , Hearps Stephen , Delzoppo Carmel , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Hutchison James S. , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Boutis Kathy , Anderson Vicki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectives:Fatigue is a common and persisting symptom after childhood brain injury. This study examined whether child characteristics and symptomatology preinjury or 6 months postinjury (pain, sleep, and mood, inattention) predicted fatigue at 12months postinjury.Methods:Parents of 79 children (0–18 years) rated fatigue at 12 months after injury on a multidimensional scale (general, sleep/rest, and cognitive). Demographic and clinical data were collected at injury. Parents rated child sleep, pain, physical/motor function, mood, and inattention at injury (preinjury description), and 6 months postinjury. Children were divided into two traumatic brain injury severity groups:mild TBI(n=57) andmoderate/severe TBI(n=27). Hierarchical regression models were used to examine (i) preinjury factors and (ii) symptoms 6 months postinjury predictive of fatigue (general, sleep/rest, and cognitive) at 12 months postinjury.Results:Sleep/rest fatigue was predicted by preinjury fatigue (7% of variance) and psychological symptoms preinjury (10% of variance). General fatigue was predicted by physical/motor symptoms (27%), sleep (10%) and mood symptoms (9%) 6 months postinjury. Sleep/rest fatigue was predicted by physical/motor symptoms (10%), sleep symptoms (13%) and mood symptoms (9%) 6 months postinjury. Cognitive fatigue was predicted by physical/motor symptoms (17%) 6 months postinjury.Conclusions:Preinjury fatigue and psychological functioning identified those at greatest risk of fatigue 12 months post-TBI. Predictors of specific fatigue domains at 12 months differed across each of the domains, although consistently included physical/motor function as well as sleep and mood symptoms postinjury. (JINS, 2018,24, 224–236)
A blueprint for robust crosslinking of mobile species in biogels with weakly adhesive molecular anchors
Authors: Newby Jay , Schiller Jennifer L. , Wessler Timothy , Edelstein Jasmine , Forest M. Gregory , Lai Samuel K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiopolymeric matrices can impede transport of nanoparticulates and pathogens by entropic or direct adhesive interactions, or by harnessing “third-party” molecular anchors to crosslink nanoparticulates to matrix constituents. The trapping potency of anchors is dictated by association rates and affinities to both nanoparticulates and matrix; the popular dogma is that long-lived, high-affinity bonds to both species facilitate optimal trapping. Here we present a contrasting paradigm combining experimental evidence (using IgG antibodies and Matrigel®), a theoretical framework (based on multiple timescale analysis), and computational modeling. Anchors that bind and unbind rapidly from matrix accumulate on nanoparticulates much more quickly than anchors that form high-affinity, long-lived bonds with matrix, leading to markedly greater trapping potency of multiple invading species without saturating matrix trapping capacity. Our results provide a blueprint for engineering molecular anchors with finely tuned affinities to effectively enhance the barrier properties of biogels against diverse nanoparticulate species.
Prior preferences beneficially influence social and non-social learning
Authors: Tarantola Tor , Kumaran Dharshan , Dayan Peter , De Martino Benedetto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur personal preferences affect a broad array of social behaviors. This includes the way we learn the preferences of others, an ability that often relies on limited or ambiguous information. Here we report an egocentric influence on this type of social learning that is reflected in both performance and response times. Using computational models that combine inter-trial learning and intra-trial choice, we find transient effects of participants’ preferences on the learning process, through the influence of priors, and persistent effects on the choice process. A second experiment shows that these effects generalize to non-social learning, though participants in the social learning experiment appeared to additionally benefit by using their knowledge about the popularity of certain preferences. We further find that the domain-general egocentric influences we identify can yield performance advantages in uncertain environments.
Direction-specific interaction forces underlying zinc oxide crystal growth by oriented attachment
Authors: Zhang X. , Shen Z. , Liu J. , Kerisit S. N. , Bowden M. E. , Sushko M. L. , De Yoreo J. J. , Rosso K. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCrystallization by particle attachment is impacting our understanding of natural mineralization processes and holds promise for novel materials design. When particles assemble in crystallographic alignment, expulsion of the intervening solvent and particle coalescence are enabled by near-perfect co-alignment via interparticle forces that remain poorly quantified. Here we report measurement and simulation of these nanoscale aligning forces for the ZnO(0001)-ZnO(000$$\bar 1$$

1

̄

) system in aqueous solution. Dynamic force spectroscopy using nanoengineered single crystal probes reveals an attractive force with 60o rotational periodicity. Calculated distance and orientation-dependent potentials of mean force show several attractive free energy wells distinguished by numbers of intervening water layers, which reach a minimum when aligned. The calculated activation energy to separate the attractively bound solvated interfaces perfectly reproduces the measured 60o periodicity, revealing the key role of intervening water structuring as a basis to generate the interparticle torque that completes alignment and enables coalescence.
Color-selective photodetection from intermediate colloidal quantum dots buried in amorphous-oxide semiconductors
Authors: Cho Kyung-Sang , Heo Keun , Baik Chan-Wook , Choi Jun Young , Jeong Heejeong , Hwang Sungwoo , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report color-selective photodetection from intermediate, monolayered, quantum dots buried in between amorphous-oxide semiconductors. The proposed active channel in phototransistors is a hybrid configuration of oxide-quantum dot-oxide layers, where the gate-tunable electrical property of silicon-doped, indium-zinc-oxide layers is incorporated with the color-selective properties of quantum dots. A remarkably high detectivity (8.1 × 1013 Jones) is obtained, along with three major findings: fast charge separation in monolayered quantum dots; efficient charge transport through high-mobility oxide layers (20 cm2 V−1 s−1); and gate-tunable drain-current modulation. Particularly, the fast charge separation rate of 3.3 ns−1 measured with time-resolved photoluminescence is attributed to the intermediate quantum dots buried in oxide layers. These results facilitate the realization of efficient color-selective detection exhibiting a photoconductive gain of 107, obtained using a room-temperature deposition of oxide layers and a solution process of quantum dots. This work offers promising opportunities in emerging applications for color detection with sensitivity, transparency, and flexibility.
The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jie Zhuye , Xia Huihua , Zhong Shi-Long , Feng Qiang , Li Shenghui , Liang Suisha , Zhong Huanzi , Liu Zhipeng , Gao Yuan , Zhao Hui , Zhang Dongya , Su Zheng , Fang Zhiwei , Lan Zhou , Li Junhua , Xiao Liang , Li Jun , Li Ruijun , Li Xiaoping , Li Fei , Ren Huahui , Huang Yan , Peng Yangqing , Li Guanglei , Wen Bo , Dong Bo , Chen Ji-Yan , Geng Qing-Shan , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Wang Jun , Zhang Xuan , Madsen Lise , Brix Susanne , Ning Guang , Xu Xun , Liu Xin , Hou Yong , Jia Huijue , He Kunlun , Kristiansen Karsten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance ofEnterobacteriaceaeandStreptococcusspp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular health. Although drug treatment represents a confounding factor, ACVD status, and not current drug use, is the major distinguishing feature in this cohort. We identify common themes by comparison with gut microbiome data associated with other cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes), with liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our data represent a comprehensive resource for further investigations on the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing ACVD as well as other related diseases.
Bone corticalization requires local SOCS3 activity and is promoted by androgen action via interleukin-6
Authors: Cho Dae-Chul , Brennan Holly J. , Johnson Rachelle W. , Poulton Ingrid J. , Gooi Jonathan H. , Tonkin Brett A. , McGregor Narelle E. , Walker Emma C. , Handelsman David J. , Martin T. J. , Sims Natalie A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong bone strength is determined by its outer shell (cortical bone), which forms by coalescence of thin trabeculae at the metaphysis (corticalization), but the factors that control this process are unknown. Here we show that SOCS3-dependent cytokine expression regulates bone corticalization. Young male and femaleDmp1Cre.Socs3f/fmice, in which SOCS3 has been ablated in osteocytes, have high trabecular bone volume and poorly defined metaphyseal cortices. After puberty, male mice recover, but female corticalization is still impaired, leading to a lasting defect in bone strength. The phenotype depends on sex-steroid hormones: dihydrotestosterone treatment of gonadectomized femaleDmp1Cre.Socs3f/fmice restores normal cortical morphology, whereas in males, estradiol treatment, or IL-6 deletion, recapitulates the female phenotype. This suggests that androgen action promotes metaphyseal corticalization, at least in part, via IL-6 signaling.
Variant surface glycoprotein density defines an immune evasion threshold for African trypanosomes undergoing antigenic variation
Authors: Pinger Jason , Chowdhury Shanin , Papavasiliou F. Nina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTrypanosoma bruceiis a protozoan parasite that evades its host’s adaptive immune response by repeatedly replacing its dense variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat from its large genomicVSGrepertoire. While the mechanisms regulatingVSGgene expression and diversification have been examined extensively, the dynamics of VSG coat replacement at the protein level, and the impact of this process on successful immune evasion, remain unclear. Here we evaluate the rate of VSG replacement at the trypanosome surface following a geneticVSGswitch, and show that full coat replacement requires several days to complete. Using in vivo infection assays, we demonstrate that parasites undergoing coat replacement are only vulnerable to clearance via early IgM antibodies for a limited time. Finally, we show that IgM loses its ability to mediate trypanosome clearance at unexpectedly early stages of coat replacement based on a critical density threshold of its cognate VSGs on the parasite surface.
Simultaneous evolutionary expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity in multifocal lung cancer
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Fu Yujie , Cai Mei-Chun , Yan Ying , Jing Ying , Zhang Shengzhe , Chen Minjiang , Wu Jie , Shen Ying , Zhu Liang , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Gao Wei-Qiang , Wang Mengzhao , Gu Zhenyu , Bivona Trever G. , Zhao Xiaojing , Zhuang Guanglei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent genomic analyses have revealed substantial tumor heterogeneity across various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether and how genomic heterogeneity is constrained during tumor evolution. Here, we sequence a unique cohort of multiple synchronous lung cancers (MSLCs) to determine the relative diversity and uniformity of genetic drivers upon identical germline and environmental background. We find that each multicentric primary tumor harbors distinct oncogenic alterations, including novel mutations that are experimentally demonstrated to be functional and therapeutically targetable. However, functional studies show a strikingly constrained tumorigenic pathway underlying heterogeneous genetic variants. These results suggest that although the mutation-specific routes that cells take during oncogenesis are stochastic, genetic trajectories may be constrained by selection for functional convergence on key signaling pathways. Our findings highlight the robust evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic diversity, a principle that holds important implications for understanding tumor evolution and optimizing therapeutic strategies.
Fast-charging high-energy lithium-ion batteries via implantation of amorphous silicon nanolayer in edge-plane activated graphite anodes
Authors: Kim Namhyung , Chae Sujong , Ma Jiyoung , Ko Minseong , Cho Jaephil 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs fast-charging lithium-ion batteries turn into increasingly important components in forthcoming applications, various strategies have been devoted to the development of high-rate anodes. However, despite vigorous efforts, the low initial Coulombic efficiency and poor volumetric energy density with insufficient electrode conditions remain critical challenges that have to be addressed. Herein, we demonstrate a hybrid anode via incorporation of a uniformly implanted amorphous silicon nanolayer and edge-site-activated graphite. This architecture succeeds in improving lithium ion transport and minimizing initial capacity losses even with increase in energy density. As a result, the hybrid anode exhibits an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency (93.8%) and predominant fast-charging behavior with industrial electrode conditions. As a result, a full-cell demonstrates a higher energy density (≥1060 Wh l−1) without any trace of lithium plating at a harsh charging current density (10.2 mA cm−2) and 1.5 times faster charging than that of conventional graphite.
Structural and mechanistic characterization of an archaeal-like chaperonin from a thermophilic bacterium
Authors: An Young Jun , Rowland Sara E. , Na Jung-Hyun , Spigolon Dario , Hong Seung Kon , Yoon Yeo Joon , Lee Jung-Hyun , Robb Frank T. , Cha Sun-Shin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe chaperonins (CPNs) are megadalton sized hollow complexes with two cavities that open and close to encapsulate non-native proteins. CPNs are assigned to two sequence-related groups that have distinct allosteric mechanisms. In Group I CPNs a detachable co-chaperone, GroES, closes the chambers whereas in Group II a built-in lid closes the chambers. Group I CPNs have a bacterial ancestry, whereas Group II CPNs are archaeal in origin. Here we describe open and closed crystal structures representing a new phylogenetic branch of CPNs. These Group III CPNs are divergent in sequence and structure from extant CPNs, but are closed by a built-in lid like Group II CPNs. A nucleotide-sensing loop, present in both Group I and Group II CPNs, is notably absent. We identified inter-ring pivot joints that articulate during ring closure. These Group III CPNs likely represent a relic from the ancestral CPN that formed distinct bacterial and archaeal branches.
Stress-induced plasticity of dynamic collagen networks
Authors: Kim Jihan , Feng Jingchen , Jones Christopher A. R. , Mao Xiaoming , Sander Leonard M. , Levine Herbert , Sun Bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe structure and mechanics of tissues is constantly perturbed by endogenous forces originated from cells, and at the same time regulate many important cellular functions such as migration, differentiation, and growth. Here we show that 3D collagen gels, major components of connective tissues and extracellular matrix (ECM), are significantly and irreversibly remodeled by cellular traction forces, as well as by macroscopic strains. To understand this ECM plasticity, we develop a computational model that takes into account the sliding and merging of ECM fibers. We have confirmed the model predictions with experiment. Our results suggest the profound impacts of cellular traction forces on their host ECM during development and cancer progression, and suggest indirect mechanical channels of cell-cell communications in 3D fibrous matrices.
Logic Synthesis of Recombinase-Based Genetic Circuits
Authors: Chiu Tai-Yin , Jiang Jie-Hong R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA synthetic approach to biology is a promising technique for various applications. Recent advancements have demonstrated the feasibility of constructing synthetic two-input logic gates in Escherichia coli cells with long-term memory based on DNA inversion induced by recombinases. Moreover, recent evidences indicate that DNA inversion mediated by genome editing tools is possible. Powerful genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 systems, have great potential to be exploited to implement large-scale recombinase-based circuits. What remains unclear is how to construct arbitrary Boolean functions based on these emerging technologies. In this paper, we lay the theoretical foundation formalizing the connection between recombinase-based genetic circuits and Boolean functions. It enables systematic construction of any given Boolean function using recombinase-based logic gates. We further develop a methodology leveraging existing electronic design automation (EDA) tools to automate the synthesis of complex recombinase-based genetic circuits with respect to area and delay optimization. In silico experimental results demonstrate the applicability of our proposed methods as a useful tool for recombinase-based genetic circuit synthesis and optimization.
Global trade statistics lack granularity to inform traceability and management of diverse and high-value fishes
Authors: Cawthorn Donna-Mareè , Mariani Stefano 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIllegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and seafood supply chain fraud are multifaceted problems that demand multifaceted solutions. Here, we investigate the extent to which global fisheries trade data analyses can support effective seafood traceability and promote sustainable seafood markets using one of the world’s most highly prized, yet misunderstood, groups of fishes as a model: the snappers, family Lutjanidae. By collating and comparing production, import and export data from international and national statistical collections for the period 2006–2013, we show that official trade data severely lack the level of detail required to track snapper trade flows, uncover potential IUU activities and/or inform exploitation management of snappers and related species. Moreover, we contend that the lack of taxonomic granularity and use of vague generic names in trade records represent one of the most insidious impediments to seafood traceability, and suggest that widely used harmonised commodity classification systems should evolve to address these gaps.