bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a 4‐node hybrid stress tetrahedral element using a node‐based smoothed finite element method
Authors: Choi J.H. , Lee B.C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a new 4‐node hybrid stress element is proposed using a node‐based smoothing technique of tetrahedral mesh. The conditions for hybrid stress field required are summarized, and the field should be continuous for better performance of a constant‐strain tetrahedral element. Nodal stress is approximated by the node‐based smoothing technique, and the stress field is interpolated with standard shape functions. This stress field is linear within each element and continuous across elements. The stress field is expressed by nodal displacements and no additional variables. The element stiffness matrix is calculated using the Hellinger‐Reissner functional, which guarantees the strain field from displacement field to be equal to that from the stress field in a weak sense. The performance of the proposed element is verified by through several numerical examples.
Highly Enhanced Emission of Visible Light from Core–Dual‐Shell‐Type Hybridized Nanoparticles
Authors: Sakamoto Naonari , Onodera Tsunenobu , Dezawa Takuma , Shibata Yutaka , Oikawa Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCore–dual‐shell‐type hybridized nanoparticles (NPs) having Au‐core/dye‐doped silica inner shell/Au outer shell are successfully fabricated by developing a biphasic process that is a kind of so‐called “one‐pot” method. The resulting hybridized NPs exhibit evidently about 20‐fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity, increase in fluorescence quantum yield, and decrease in fluorescence lifetime. These effects depend on the metal nanostructure being optimized, compared with the reference hybridized NPs with neither a Au‐core nor a Au outer shell, due to the gap‐mode effect induced by localized surface plasmon resonance in the core–dual‐shell‐type MIM‐like nanostructure. More detailed elucidation concerning the enhancement mechanism will provide the possibility of photonic device application, for example as a high‐performance point light source, nanolaser, or sensor for bioimaging in the visible region in the near future.
Chaperone‐client interactions between Hsp21 and client proteins monitored in solution by small angle X‐ray scattering and captured by crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Rutsdottir Gudrun , I. Rasmussen Morten , Hojrup Peter , Bernfur Katja , Emanuelsson Cecilia , Söderberg Christopher A. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe small heat shock protein (sHsp) chaperones are important for stress survival, yet the molecular details of how they interact with client proteins are not understood. All sHsps share a folded middle domain to which is appended flexible N‐ and C‐terminal regions varying in length and sequence between different sHsps which, in different ways for different sHsps, mediate recognition of client proteins. In plants there is a chloroplast‐localized sHsp, Hsp21, and a structural model suggests that Hsp21 has a dodecameric arrangement with six N‐terminal arms located on the outside of the dodecamer and six inwardly‐facing. Here, we investigated the interactions between Hsp21 and thermosensitive model substrate client proteins in solution, by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and crosslinking mass spectrometry. The chaperone‐client complexes were monitored and the Rg‐values were found to increase continuously during 20 min at 45°, which could reflect binding of partially unfolded clients to the flexible N‐terminal arms of the Hsp21 dodecamer. No such increase in Rg‐values was observed with a mutational variant of Hsp21, which is mainly dimeric and has reduced chaperone activity. Crosslinking data suggest that the chaperone‐client interactions involve the N‐terminal region in Hsp21 and only certain parts in the client proteins. These parts are peripheral structural elements presumably the first to unfold under destabilizing conditions. We propose that the flexible and hydrophobic N‐terminal arms of Hsp21 can trap and refold early‐unfolding intermediates with or without dodecamer dissociation.
Template‐based and free modeling of I‐TASSER and QUARK pipelines using predicted contact maps in CASP12
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Mortuza S. M. , He Baoji , Wang Yanting , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe develop two complementary pipelines, “Zhang‐Server” and “QUARK”, based on I‐TASSER and QUARK pipelines for template‐based modeling (TBM) and free modeling (FM), and test them in the CASP12 experiment. The combination of I‐TASSER and QUARK successfully folds three medium‐size FM targets that have more than 150 residues, even though the interplay between the two pipelines still awaits further optimization. Newly developed sequence‐based contact prediction by NeBcon plays a critical role to enhance the quality of models, particularly for FM targets, by the new pipelines. The inclusion of NeBcon predicted contacts as restraints in the QUARK simulations results in an average TM‐score of 0.41 for the best in top five predicted models, which is 37% higher than that by the QUARK simulations without contacts. In particular, there are seven targets that are converted from non‐foldable to foldable (TM‐score >0.5) due to the use of contact restraints in the simulations. Another additional feature in the current pipelines is the local structure quality prediction by ResQ, which provides a robust residue‐level modeling error estimation. Despite the success, significant challenges still remain in ab initio modeling of multi‐domain proteins and folding of β‐proteins with complicated topologies bound by long‐range strand‐strand interactions. Improvements on domain boundary and long‐range contact prediction, as well as optimal use of the predicted contacts and multiple threading alignments, are critical to address these issues seen in the CASP12 experiment.
Coresidence with a child and happiness among older widows in Europe: Does gender of the child matter?
Authors: Grundy Emily , Murphy Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBoth coresidence patterns and the reported well‐being of older people vary widely across Europe for a variety of economic, cultural, and historical factors. We investigate how far 2 indicators of well‐being, happiness and life satisfaction, vary according to whether or not older women live with their children and, in particular, with son(s) or daughter(s). We compare outcomes for women who are unpartnered widows, the great majority of whom will have had children, so those with and without coresident children may be compared. We use data for 34 countries in Europe by combining 7 waves of the European Social Survey for the period 2002–2014 (N = 18,500). We control for a range of other variables known to be associated with well‐being including health status, socioeconomic position, and social support. Results show that widows living with a child were happier than those living without a child (generally alone) but that in Eastern and Southern Europe it was only living with a daughter that had this positive effect. Older age was associated with higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Other associations, and regional differences, were as expected with lower levels of happiness in Eastern Europe and for those with poorer health and fewer social resources. These findings indicate the important influence of contextual factors on associations between living arrangements and the well‐being of older people and a need for further work on possible negative impacts of living alone on the well‐being of older Europeans.
The effects of information and communication technologies on residential mobility and migration
Authors: Cooke Thomas J. , Shuttleworth Ian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA common presumption is that the widespread adoption of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the last several decades enhances residential mobility and migration. This research critically evaluates this presumption from the perspective of the long‐term decline in residential mobility and migration in many developed countries and concludes that ICTs are capable of both enhancing and impeding residential mobility and migration. Estimates from an instrumental variable model of residential mobility and migration using data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study indicate a large negative effect of ICTs on residential change and smaller negative effect on migration.
Determination of tolerance limits for the reliability of semiconductor devices using longitudinal data
Authors: Hofer Vera , Leitner Johannes , Lewitschnig Horst , Nowak Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDesign and production of semiconductor devices for the automotive industry are characterized by high reliability requirements, such that the proper functioning of these devices is ensured over the whole specified lifetime. Therefore, manufacturers let their products undergo extensive testing procedures that simulate the tough requirements their products have to withstand. Such tests typically are highly accelerated, to test the behavior of the products over the whole lifetime. In case of drift of electrical parameters, manufacturers then need to find appropriate tolerance limits for their final electrical product tests, such that the proper functioning of their devices over the whole specified lifetime is ensured. In this study, we present a statistical model for the determination of tolerance limits that minimize yield loss. The model considers longitudinal measurements of continuous features, based on censored data from stress tests. The tolerance limits are derived from multivariate distributions where the dependence structure is described by different copulas. Based on extensive numerical testing, we are able to provide insights into the properties of our model for different drift behaviors of the devices.
An Unsung Fashion Designer, Congo Square, Pinktoe Tarantulas, and Dead People: Expecting the Unexpected in Children's Literature
Authors: McNair Jonda C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChildren's literature plays an essential role in the literacy development of children. This department column focuses on the teaching and use of children's literature and provides educators with information about a wide range of books across multiple genres that are representative of the diverse world in which we live. A strong emphasis is placed on the importance of having diverse library collections that take into account numerous factors, such as race, class, disability, and religion. This column also offers innovative approaches for bringing children and books together, as well as content analyses and rich descriptions of titles that share common features (e.g., endpapers, the blending of poetry and nonfiction).
The natural diversity and ecology of fission yeast
Authors: Jeffares Daniel C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile the fission yeast is a powerful model of eukaryote biology, there have been few studies of quantitative genetics, phenotypic or genetic diversity. Here I survey the small collection of fission yeast diversity research. I discuss what we can infer about the ecology and origins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from microbiology field studies and the few strains that have been collected.
Limitations and Pitfalls of Using Family Letters to Communicate Genetic Risk: a Qualitative Study with Patients and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Dheensa Sandi , Lucassen Anneke , Fenwick Angela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEuropean genetic testing guidelines recommend that healthcare professionals (HCPs) discuss the familial implications of any test with a patient and offer written material to help them share the information with family members. Giving patients these “family letters” to alert any relatives of their risk has become part of standard practice and has gone relatively unquestioned over the years. Communication with at‐risk relatives will become an increasingly pressing issue as mainstream and routine practice incorporates broad genome tests and as the number of findings potentially relevant to relatives increases. This study therefore explores problems around the use of family letters to communicate about genetic risk. We conducted 16 focus groups with 80 HCPs, and 35 interviews with patients, recruited from across the UK. Data were analyzed thematically and we constructed four themes: 1) HCPs writing family letters: how to write them and why?, 2) Patients’ issues with handing out family letters, 3) Dissemination becomes an uncontrolled form of communication, and 4) When the relative has the letter, is the patient's and HCP's duty discharged? We conclude by suggesting alternative and supplementary methods of communication, for example through digital tools, and propose that in comparison to communication by family letter, direct contact by HCPs might be a more appropriate and successful option.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISOLATED QUOTIENT SINGULARITIES IN EVEN CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: SHCHIGOLEV VLADIMIR , STEPANOV DMITRY 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper is a complement to the work of the second author on modular quotient singularities in odd characteristic. Here, we prove that if V is a three-dimensional vector space over a field of characteristic 2 and G < GL(V) is a finite subgroup generated by pseudoreflections and possessing a two-dimensional invariant subspace W such that the restriction of G to W is isomorphic to the group SL2(𝔽2n), then the quotient V/G is non-singular. This, together with earlier known results on modular quotient singularities, implies first that a theorem of Kemper and Malle on irreducible groups generated by pseudoreflections generalizes to reducible groups in dimension three, and, second, that the classification of three-dimensional isolated singularities that are quotients of a vector space by a linear finite group reduces to Vincent's classification of non-modular isolated quotient singularities.
Evaluation of a low-fidelity ear surgery simulator in a low-resource setting
Authors: Luu K , Straatman L , Nakku D , Westerberg B , Carter N , Clark M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjective:The provision of healthcare education in developing countries is a complex problem that simulation has the potential to help. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ear surgery simulator, the Ear Trainer.Methods:The Ear Trainer was assessed in two low-resource environments in Cambodia and Uganda. Participants were video-recorded performing four specific middle-ear procedures, and blindly scored using a validated measurement tool. Face validity, construct validity and objective learning were assessed.Results:The Ear Trainer provides a realistic representation of the ear. Construct validity assessment confirmed that experts performed better than novices. Participants displayed improvement in all tasks except foreign body removal, likely because of a ceiling effect.Conclusion:This study validates the Ear Trainer as a useful training tool for otological microsurgical skills in developing world settings.
FEMINIST POLITICAL THOUGHT AND ACTIVISM IN REVOLUTIONARY IRELAND, c. 1880–1918
Authors: Pašeta Senia 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTFeminist thought and activism was a feature of Irish political life in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Because the women's suffrage campaign coincided with and was at times influenced by wider debates on the national question, it has often been understood almost entirely in relation to Irish nationalism and unionism, and usually in the specific context of acute political crisis such as the third Home Rule. The Irish suffrage movement should instead be understood both in terms of wider political developments and in particular Irish contexts. This paper surveys aspects of feminist political culture with a particular emphasis on the way that nationalist Irish women articulated and negotiated their involvement in the women's suffrage movement. It argues that the relationship between the two was both more nuanced and dynamic than has been allowed, and that opposition to women's activism should be understood in structural and cultural terms as well as in broadly political ones. The relationship should also be understood in longer historical terms than is usual as it also evolved in the context of broader political and social shifts and campaigns, some of which predated the third Home Rule crisis.
A STRONG REFLECTION PRINCIPLE
Authors: ROBERTS SAM 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article introduces a new reflection principle. It is based on the idea that whatever is true in all entities of some kind is also true in a set-sized collection of them. Unlike standard reflection principles, it does not re-interpret parameters or predicates. This allows it to be both consistent in all higher-order languages and remarkably strong. For example, I show that in the language of second-order set theory with predicates for a satisfaction relation, it is consistent relative to the existence of a 2-extendible cardinal (Theorem 7.12) and implies the existence of a proper class of 1-extendible cardinals (Theorem 7.9).
Ultra-antireflective synthetic brochosomes
Authors: Yang Shikuan , Sun Nan , Stogin Birgitt Boschitsch , Wang Jing , Huang Yu , Wong Tak-Sing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSince the early discovery of the antireflection properties of insect compound eyes, new examples of natural antireflective coatings have been rare. Here, we report the fabrication and optical characterization of a biologically inspired antireflective surface that emulates the intricate surface architectures of leafhopper-produced brochosomes—soccer ball-like microscale granules with nanoscale indentations. Our method utilizes double-layer colloidal crystal templates in conjunction with site-specific electrochemical growth to create these structures, and is compatible with various materials including metals, metal oxides, and conductive polymers. These brochosome coatings (BCs) can be designed to exhibit strong omnidirectional antireflective performance of wavelengths from 250 to 2000 nm, comparable to the state-of-the-art antireflective coatings. Our results provide evidence for the use of brochosomes as a camouflage coating against predators of leafhoppers or their eggs. The discovery of the antireflective function of BCs may find applications in solar energy harvesting, imaging, and sensing devices.
Plasmodium DNA-mediated TLR9 activation of T-bet+ B cells contributes to autoimmune anaemia during malaria
Authors: Rivera-Correa J. , Guthmiller J. J. , Vijay R. , Fernandez-Arias C. , Pardo-Ruge M. A. , Gonzalez S. , Butler N. S. , Rodriguez A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInfectious pathogens contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders, but the mechanisms connecting these processes are incompletely understood. Here we show that Plasmodium DNA induces autoreactive responses against erythrocytes by activating a population of B cells expressing CD11c and the transcription factor T-bet, which become major producers of autoantibodies that promote malarial anaemia. Additionally, we identify parasite DNA-sensing through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) along with inflammatory cytokine receptor IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) as essential signals that synergize to promote the development and appearance of these autoreactive T-bet+ B cells. The lack of any of these signals ameliorates malarial anaemia during infection in a mouse model. We also identify both expansion of T-bet+ B cells and production of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in ex vivo cultures of naive human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to P. falciprum infected erythrocyte lysates. We propose that synergistic TLR9/IFN-γR activation of T-bet+ B cells is a mechanism underlying infection-induced autoimmune-like responses.
A simple tensor network algorithm for two-dimensional steady states
Authors: Kshetrimayum Augustine , Weimer Hendrik , Orús Román 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding dissipation in 2D quantum many-body systems is an open challenge which has proven remarkably difficult. Here we show how numerical simulations for this problem are possible by means of a tensor network algorithm that approximates steady states of 2D quantum lattice dissipative systems in the thermodynamic limit. Our method is based on the intuition that strong dissipation kills quantum entanglement before it gets too large to handle. We test its validity by simulating a dissipative quantum Ising model, relevant for dissipative systems of interacting Rydberg atoms, and benchmark our simulations with a variational algorithm based on product and correlated states. Our results support the existence of a first order transition in this model, with no bistable region. We also simulate a dissipative spin 1/2 XYZ model, showing that there is no re-entrance of the ferromagnetic phase. Our method enables the computation of steady states in 2D quantum lattice systems.
AQP3 is regulated by PPARγ and JNK in hepatic stellate cells carrying PNPLA3 I148M
Authors: Tardelli Matteo , Bruschi Francesca V. , Claudel Thierry , Moreno-Viedma Veronica , Halilbasic Emina , Marra Fabio , Herac Merima , Stulnig Thomas M. , Trauner Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAquaglyceroporins (AQPs) allow the movement of glycerol that is required for triglyceride formation in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), as key cellular source of fibrogenesis in the liver. The genetic polymorphism I148M of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with hepatic steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cancer. We aimed to explore the role of AQP3 for HSC activation and unveil its potential interactions with PNPLA3. HSC were isolated from human liver, experiments were performed in primary HSC and human HSC line LX2. AQP3 was the only aquaglyceroporin present in HSC and its expression decreased during activation. The PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, recovered AQP3 expression also in PNPLA3 I148M carrying HSC. When PNPLA3 was silenced, AQP3 expression increased. In liver sections from patients with NASH, the decreased amount of AQP3 was proportional to the severity of fibrosis and presence of the PNPLA3 I148M variant. In PNPLA3 I148M cells, the blockade of JNK pathway upregulated AQP3 in synergism with PPARγ. In conclusion, we demonstrated profound reduction of AQP3 in HSC carrying the PNPLA3 I148M variant in parallel to decreased PPARγ activation, which could be rescued by rosiglitazone and blockade of JNK.
Ventricular depolarisation vectors in exercise induced myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Vellani Cameruddin W. , Yusuf Mohammad , Mahmud Sadia , Hashmi Satwat 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIschaemia reduces membrane excitability and conduction of myocardial depolarisation. This would alter the synergy of electromotive forces that contribute to a resultant force at any instant. Changes in magnitude and direction of resultant forces are reflected in electrocardiographic signals. Here we show a method for obtaining the coordinates of resultant electrical forces during exercise derived from a bipolar orthogonal lead system for calculation of electrical vectors in three planes. In a trial, analysis of changes in vectors indicated that the extent of reduction in magnitude with exercise was significantly greater in groups of patients categorized by impaired effort tolerance and signs of ischaemia. Measurement of changes in the spectrum of depolarisation vectors during exercise has the potential for non-invasive assessment of myocardial ischaemia. This could be the basis of a portable, low-cost tool for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease.