bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hausärztliche Versorgungssituation und Einführung neuer Versorgungsformen in schwer zu versorgenden Regionen: Eine Befragung der Bevölkerung
Authors: Tangermann Ulla , Kleij Kim-Sarah , Krauth Christian , Amelung Volker Eric 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Eine der derzeit zentralen gesundheitspolitischen Herausforderungen liegt in der flächendeckenden Sicherstellung der hausärztlichen Versorgung. Allerdings ist bislang nicht ausreichend bekannt wie die Bevölkerung die regionale Versorgungssituation sowie die Einführung neuer Versorgungsformen, die als Lösungsansatz zur Sicherstellung der Versorgung dienen können, bewertet. Die Zielsetzung dieser Studie liegt demnach darin zu erheben, wie die Bevölkerung die regionale hausärztliche Versorgung bewertet und welche neuen Versorgungsformen bevorzugt werden. Zudem wird untersucht, ob diesbezüglich Unterschiede zwischen schwer zu versorgenden und normal zu versorgenden Regionen vorliegen.
Methodik Basierend auf Fokusgruppendiskussionen sowie einer systematischen Literaturübersicht wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt, um die Bewertung der regionalen Versorgungssituation sowie ausgewählter neuer Versorgungsformen durch die Bevölkerung zu erheben. Der Fragebogen wurde an eine Zufallsstichprobe von 2000 Personen in 8 Regionen in Niedersachsen geschickt.
Ergebnisse Die bereinigte Rücklaufquote der Befragung lag bei 51% (n=996). Mit 97% hat der überwiegende Anteil der Befragten einen Hausarzt, der im Schnitt 5,4-mal jährlich aufgesucht wird. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung zum Hausarzt liegt bei 13 min. Während die gegenwärtige hausärztliche Versorgung überwiegend als gut bewertet wird, wird insbesondere in schwer zu versorgenden Regionen eine Verschlechterung der Versorgungssituation erwartet. Unter den neuen Versorgungsformen werden die Delegation ärztlicher Tätigkeiten sowie mobilitätsorientierte Konzepte bevorzugt, während die Telemedizin überwiegend Ablehnung erfährt.
Schlussfolgerung Neue Versorgungsformen können nach der Einschätzung der Bevölkerung zur Sicherstellung der Versorgung beitragen. Werden jene Versorgungsformen, die von der Bevölkerung akzeptiert werden, bereits frühzeitig eingeführt, so können die Befürchtungen vor einer sich verschlechternden Versorgungssituation verringert werden. Zudem können jene neuen Versorgungsformen, die eine geringere Akzeptanz seitens der Bevölkerung erfahren, in Modellprojekten ausgetestet werden. Verlaufen diese Projekte erfolgreich, so steigt möglicherweise die Zustimmung der Bevölkerung.
Wenn Betroffene zu Entscheidern werden
Authors: Tewes Sandra , Brause Michaela 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Unterstützung für Angehörige potenzieller Organspender Patienten auf der Intensivstation sind meist so schwerwiegend erkrankt oder
verletzt, dass sie nicht mehr entscheidungsfähig sind. Weitere Behandlungsschritte müssen in diesem Fall mit den nächsten Angehörigen
besprochen werden. Besonders in Fällen von potenziellen Organspenden rücken die Angehörigen in den Mittelpunkt für die anstehenden
Entscheidungsprozesse. Auf den meisten Intensivstationen ist eine Organspende ein eher seltenes Ereignis und für alle Beteiligten, die
Angehörigen und das Behandlungsteam eine große Herausforderung. Dabei ist oft nicht die Versorgung des potenziellen Organspenders für das
Behandlungsteam problematisch, sondern der Umgang mit den trauernden Angehörigen.
Vom passiven zum aktiven Angehörigentelefonat
Authors: Keim Carolin , Maier Jürgen , Naef Rahel , Massarotto Paola 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Telefonate als wirksame Pflegeintervention Das aktive Angehörigentelefonat auf der Intensivstation dient dazu, die
Informationsqualität für Angehörige zu erhöhen und die Zahl der eingehenden Anrufe von Familienmitgliedern zu reduzieren. Um zu ermitteln,
wie sich dieses neu eingeführte Angebot auf der Intensivstation Innere Medizin des Universitätsspitals Zürich auswirkt, führte das
Autorenteam Fokusgruppeninterviews mit dem Behandlungsteam durch. Pflegefachpersonen und Ärzte berichteten, dass sie durch den Wechsel von
einer passiven zu einer aktiven Rolle herausgefordert waren. Die Planbarkeit der Anrufe und den positiven Einfluss auf die Beziehung zu den
Angehörigen nannten sie als besondere Vorteile.
Linguistic relativity in L2 acquisition
Authors: Liu Yeu-Ting 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Proponents of the Linguistic Relativity Principle has maintained that the language we use modulates our thinking and that our thinking also shapes or determines how the language is parsed and understood. Existing research has provided compelling evidence for the above relativistic view in monolingual speakers. Recently, a growing number of studies have also started to investigate the relativistic view on language and thought in L2 learners. These L2 studies have yielded evidence regarding the cognitive constraint of an early-learned language (e.g. L1) on the later-learned language (e.g. L2). Despite this vigorous research effort, much remains unknown about whether the cognitive development in the later-learned language would modulate how the early-learned language is parsed (lower-level processing) and understood (higher-level processing). To fill the gap, this study drew on the self-paced reading experimental paradigm to study linguistic relativity effects on advanced L2 learners’ reading of L1 (Chinese) counterfactual statements – a concept encoded differently in these learners’ L1 and L2. The participants’ online response time and offline accuracy data were both the foci of the analyses; while the analyses of the response time data were suggestive of the participants’ initial lower-level parsing of the L1 counterfactual statements, the analyses of the accuracy data shed light on how the concept of counterfactuality is represented and understood in the L1. Throughout these analyses, this study intends to address the following questions: Does L2 acquisition impose any cognitive constraint on bilinguals’ lower-level L1 parsing and/or on their higher-level L1 processing? If so, in what way and to what extent? Furthermore, the study also intends to empirically establish whether the cognitive constraint as stipulated by the Linguistic Relativity Principle would be modulated by different onset age of learning the L2 (early vs. late). Findings of this study are discussed vis-à-vis the Linguistic Relativity Principle, L2 processing mechanism, and L2 literacy instruction.
Comparison of physiological functions of antagonistic insulin-like peptides, INS-23 and INS-18, in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Matsunaga Yohei , Matsukawa Toshiya , Iwasaki Takashi , Nagata Koji , Kawano Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elgans, insulin-like peptides have significant roles in modulating larval diapause and adult lifespan via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. Although 40 insulin-like peptides (ILPs) have been identified, it remains unknown how ILPs act as either agonists or antagonists for their sole receptor, DAF-2. Here we found 1) INS-23 functions as an antagonistic ILP to promote larval diapause through the IIS pathway like a DAF-2 antagonist, INS-18, 2) INS-23 and INS-18 have similar biochemical functions. In addition, our molecular modeling suggests that INS-23 and INS-18 have characteristic insertions in the B-domain, which are crucial for the recognition of the insulin receptor, when compared with DAF-2 agonists. These characteristic insertions in the B-domain of INS-23 and INS-18 would modulate their intermolecular interactions with the DAF-2 receptor, which may lead these molecules to act as antagonistic ligands. Our study provides new insight into the function and structure of ILPs.
The organised chaos of English adolescent rugby union: Influence of weekly match frequency on the variability of match and training loads
Authors: Phibbs Padraic J. , Jones Ben , Roe Gregory , Read Dale , Darrall‐Jones Joshua , Weakley Jonathon , Rock Andrew , Till Kevin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the variability of weekly match and training loads in adolescent rugby union players across a competitive season, and to investigate the effect of match frequency on load distribution across different activities. Internal match and training load data (i.e. session‐rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)) were collected daily from 20 players from a regional academy across a 14‐week season. Data were analysed using a mixed‐effects linear model, and variability was reported as a coefficient of variation (CV). Differences between 0‐, 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐match weeks were assessed using Cohen's d effect sizes and magnitude‐based inferences. Mean weekly total match and training sRPE load was 1425 ± 545 arbitrary units (AU), with a between‐player CV of 10 ± 6% and within‐player CV of 37 ± 3%. Mean week‐to‐week change in total sRPE load was 497 ± 423 AU (35%), and 40% of weekly observations were outside the suggested acute:chronic workload ratio ‘safe zone’. Total weekly sRPE loads increased substantially with match frequency (1210 ± 571, 1511 ± 489, and 1692 ± 517 AU, for 0‐, 1‐, and 2‐match weeks, respectively), except for 3‐match weeks (1520 ± 442 AU). Weekly match and training loads were highly variable for adolescent rugby players during the competitive season, and match frequency has a substantial effect on the distribution of loads. Therefore, match and training loads should be coordinated, monitored, and managed on an individual basis to protect players from negative training consequences, and to promote long‐term athlete development.
Toppar: an interactive browser for viewing association study results
Authors: Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Banasik Karina , Robertson Neil R , Mott Richard , McCarthy Mark I 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSummaryData integration and visualization help geneticists make sense of large amounts of data. To help facilitate interpretation of genetic association data we developed Toppar, a customizable visualization tool that stores results from association studies and enables browsing over multiple results, by combining features from existing tools and linking to appropriate external databases.Availability and implementationDetailed information on Toppar’s features and functionality are on our website http://mccarthy.well.ox.ac.uk/toppar/docs along with instructions on how to download, install and run Toppar. Our online version of Toppar is accessible from the website and can be test-driven using Firefox, Safari or Chrome on sub-sets of publicly available genome-wide association study anthropometric waist and body mass index data (Locke et al., 2015; Shungin et al., 2015) from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits consortium.
The Digital Activism Gap: How Class and Costs Shape Online Collective Action
Authors: Schradie Jen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhat is the relationship between social class and online participation in social movements? Scholars suggest that low costs to digital activism broaden participation and challenge conventional collective action theories, but given the digital divide, little is known about cost variation across social movement organizations from different social classes. A focus on high levels of digital engagement and extraordinary events leaves scant information about the effect of social class on digital mobilization patterns and everyday practices within and across organizations. This study takes a field-level approach to incorporate all groups involved in one statewide political issue, thereby including organizations with different social class compositions, from Tea Parties to labor unions. Data collection spans online and off-line digital activism practices. With an index to measure digital engagement from an original data set of over 90,000 online posts, findings show deep digital activism inequalities between working-class and middle/upper-class groups. In-depth interviews and ethnographic observations reveal that the mechanisms of this digital activism gap are organizational resources, along with individual disparities in access, skills, empowerment and time. These factors create high costs of online participation for working-class groups. Rather than reduced costs equalizing online participation, substantial costs contribute to digital activism inequality.
Anterior Segment Parameters in Patients With Wilson Disease
Authors: Kara Necip , Seyyar Sevim Ayca , Saygili Oguzhan , Seyyar Mustafa , Gulsen Murat Taner , Gungor Kıvanc 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To investigate anterior segment parameters in patients with Wilson disease (WD).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 22 patients with WD (study group) and 22 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, and intraocular pressure. Anterior segment parameters were measured by the Sirius anterior segment analyzer system (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy).

Results:
Mean central corneal thickness was 522 ± 47 μm in the study group and 568 ± 37 μm in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean flat keratometry was 42.4 ± 1.7 diopter (D) in the study group and 41.5 ± 1.16 D in the control group (P = 0.011); mean steep keratometry was 43.4 ± 2.0 and 42.4 ± 1.4 D in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.025). The anterior corneal elevation value was 5.5 ± 3.2 μm in the study group and 4.08 ± 2.2 μm in the control group (P = 0.029); the mean posterior corneal elevation value was 15.1 ± 6.0 and 10.1 ± 4.1 μm in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.002). The mean anterior chamber depth was 2.97 ± 0.3 μm in the study group and 3.16 ± 0.3 μm in the control group (P = 0.01); the mean horizontal visible iris diameter was 11.9 ± 0.4 and 12.2 ± 0.4 μm in the study and control groups, respectively (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study indicates that patients with WD have differences in the anterior segment parameters including central corneal thickness, keratometric values, anterior and posterior elevations, horizontal visible iris diameter, and anterior chamber depth when compared with healthy controls.
Correlation Between Postoperative Central Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Damage After Cataract Surgery by Phacoemulsification
Authors: Perone Jean Marc , Boiche Mathilde , Lhuillier Louis , Ameloot Francis , Premy Shamour , Jeancolas Anne-Laure , Goetz Christophe , Neiter Estelle 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To study the correlation between postoperative corneal edema and endothelial cell loss after cataract surgery by microcoaxial phacoemulsification.

Methods:
Eighty-five eyes of 85 consecutive patients with mild cataract (up to C5, N4, and P5: per LOCS III classification) were included in a prospective study from September 2014 to November 2014. Eighty-five eyes were necessary to obtain a precision of 0.15 for computation of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Pachymetry and endothelial cell density measurements were taken preoperatively, 2 hours after surgery, and 4 days, 15 days, and 1 month after surgery using CEM-530 noncontact specular microscopy (Nidek CO Ltd, Japan). Every surgery was performed using the Stellaris device (Bausch & Lomb, Bridgewater, NJ) in a microcoaxial mode with 2.2-mm incisions.

Results:
Mean age was 73 ± 2.1 years, with 41 women (48%) and 44 men (52%). The mean surgical time was 8 ± 5.5 minutes, and the mean effective phacoemulsification time was 7 ± 3.7 seconds. Mean central corneal thickness augmentation was 46.68 ± 10 μm (8.39%) 2 hours after surgery, 10 ± 18 μm (1.8%) 4 days after surgery, and only 0.76 ± 11.4 μm (0.1%) 15 days after surgery. Mean endothelial cell loss was 3.0 ± 1.5% at 2 hours, 9.0 ± 3.3% at D4, 10 ± 4.6% at D15, and 11 ± 4.7% at 1 month. At D4, significant endothelial loss (>15%) was mostly related to significant immediate corneal edema (>15%), whereas low postoperative edema (<5%) did not lead to significant endothelial loss (loss <5%). At D15 and D30, endothelial cell loss seemed to be closely correlated with immediate postoperative edema (Pearson correlation coefficient between central corneal edema at H2 and endothelial cells loss at 1 month: r = 0.4, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Postoperative corneal thickness measurement may therefore become a marker of endothelial damage after phacoemulsification.
Factors Influencing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Laser-Scanning In Vivo Confocal Microscopy for Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Authors: Kheirkhah Ahmad , Satitpitakul Vannarut , Syed Zeba A. , Müller Rodrigo , Goyal Sunali , Tu Elmer Y. , Dana Reza 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To determine the factors that influence the sensitivity and specificity of laser-scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for diagnosing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).

Methods:
This retrospective, controlled study included 28 eyes of 27 patients with AK and 34 eyes of 34 patients with bacterial keratitis (as the control group). All patients had undergone corneal imaging with a laser-scanning IVCM (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 with the Rostock Cornea Module). The IVCM images were independently evaluated by 2 experienced and 2 inexperienced masked observers. Sensitivity and specificity of IVCM for diagnosing AK and the effects of various clinical and imaging parameters on the sensitivity were then investigated.

Results:
Overall, IVCM had average sensitivity and specificity of 69.7% ± 2.5% and 97.1% ± 4.2% for experienced observers and 59.0% ± 7.6% and 92.7% ± 10.4% for inexperienced observers, respectively. However, the sensitivity did not show any significant association with the duration of disease, size of ulcer, depth of involvement, culture results, or cyst morphology. Although interobserver agreement was good (κ = 0.60, P < 0.001) for the experienced observers, it was only at a moderate level (κ = 0.48, P < 0.001) for the inexperienced observers.

Conclusions:
IVCM has a moderate sensitivity and a high specificity for diagnosis of AK. Although clinical parameters do not affect this diagnostic accuracy, a higher sensitivity is seen when images are interpreted by experienced observers.
Intraocular Pressure After Phacoemulsification in Open-angle Glaucoma Patients With Uncontrolled or Marginally Controlled Glaucoma and/or With Severe Visual Field Loss
Authors: Bojikian Karine D. , Chen Philip P. 
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims:
To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with uncontrolled or marginally controlled glaucoma and/or severe visual field (VF) loss.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective case series of OAG patients without prior glaucoma surgery undergoing phacoemulsification. Uncontrolled or marginally controlled glaucoma was defined as IOP>21 mm Hg despite maximally tolerated medications or requiring >3 topical drugs for IOP control. Severe VF loss was defined as VF mean deviation ≤−12 dB. Eyes with postoperative IOP elevation were identified using 4 different definitions.

Results:
Of 56 eyes (56 patients), 10 eyes (17.8%) had IOP elevation ≥10 mm Hg at postoperative day 1. At 1 year (N=45), the average preoperative IOP of 14.3±3.5 mm Hg decreased to 13.8±3.6 mm Hg (P=0.312), and number of medications of 3.2±1.1 decreased to 2.8±1.2 (P=0.165). Eleven eyes (24.4%) had increase in IOP of ≥3 mm Hg, whereas 14 eyes (31.1%) had decrease of ≥3 mm Hg. Nine eyes (20.0%) had higher IOP without medication changes and 9 eyes (20.0%) required additional medications or surgery for IOP control; 3 eyes (6.7%) required trabeculectomy. Higher IOP at 1 year was associated with IOP elevation ≥10 mm Hg at postoperative week 1 (P=0.020).

Conclusions:
Phacoemulsification resulted in nonsignificant 1-year IOP change in OAG patients with uncontrolled or marginally controlled glaucoma and/or with severe VF loss. Although 40% of eyes had higher IOP after phacoemulsification at 1-year postoperatively, only 6.7% required trabeculectomy.
Localized Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects in Red-free Photographs Versus En Face Structural Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Park Ji-Hye , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to compare the locations of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in red-free fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) en face images.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective, comparative study on 46 eyes from 46 glaucoma patients with localized RNFL defects observed in red-free fundus photographs. En face structural images were obtained in the superficial and whole retinal layers using OCT and were overlaid on the corresponding red-free fundus photographs. The proximal/distal angular locations and angular width of each RNFL defect in red-free photos (red-free defects) and in en face structural images (en face defects) were compared.

Results:
In the superficial retinal layer, there were no significant differences between red-free and en face defects on the proximal/distal angular location and angular width. In the whole retinal layer, the degree of the distal angular location of the en face defects was significantly larger than that of the red-free defects (71.85±18.26 vs. 70.87±17.90 degrees, P=0.003). The correlations of clinical variables with the differences in angular parameters between red-free and en face defects were not significant in the superficial retinal layer. The average RNFL thickness was negatively correlated with the difference in the distal angular location in the whole retinal layer (Pearson correlation coefficient=−0.401, P=0.006).

Conclusions:
Localized RNFL defects detected in OCT en face structural images of the superficial retinal layer showed high topographic correlation with defects detected in red-free photographs. OCT en face structural images in the superficial layer may be an alternative to red-free fundus photography for the identification of localized RNFL defects in glaucomatous eyes.
The Association Between Body Mass Index and Open-angle Glaucoma in a South Korean Population-based Sample
Authors: Lin Shuai-Chun , Pasquale Louis R. , Singh Kuldev , Lin Shan C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a sample of the South Korean population.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of a cross-sectional, population-based sample of 10,978 participants, 40 years of age and older, enrolled in the 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All participants had measured intraocular pressure <22 mm Hg and open anterior chamber angles. OAG was defined using disc and visual field criteria established by the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the association between BMI and OAG. These analyses were also performed in a sex-stratified and age-stratified manner.

Results:
After adjusting for potential confounding variables, lower BMI (<19 kg/m2) was associated with greater risk of OAG compared with normal BMI (19 to 24.9 kg/m2) [odds ratio (OR), 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-4.26]. In sex-stratified analyses, low BMI remained adversely related to glaucoma in women (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.42-8.38) but not in men (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.71-4.20). In age-stratified analyses, lower BMI was adversely related to glaucoma among subjects 40- to 49-year old (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.86-14.36) but differences in glaucoma prevalence were not statistically significant between those with low versus normal BMI in other age strata.

Conclusions:
Lower BMI was associated with increased odds of OAG in a sample of the South Korean population. Multivariate analysis revealed the association to be statistically significant in women and those in the youngest age stratum.