bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical atherosclerosis in young Thai adults with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Pattrakornkul Nalinee , Pruangprasert Patamakom , Chanthong Prakul , Chawanasuntorapoj Ratana , Pattaragarn Anirut 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Increased risk of CVD and atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in children with SLE. However, evidence of atherosclerosis in adults with juvenile-onset SLE is limited and their additional CVD risk factors unclear.

Objectives
To investigate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in young Thai adults with juvenile-onset SLE, and evaluate atherosclerotic risk factors.

Methods
We recruited a cohort of patients aged 18-40 years who had been diagnosed SLE before the age of 18 years for this observational study. Patients with chronic kidney disease stage IV or V, alcoholism, chronic liver disease, or life threatening illness were excluded. Common carotid intima-media thickness (CCIMT) was measured. Clinical and laboratory parameters, treatment, and SLE-related factors, which could be risk factors for atherosclerosis and classic risk factors were obtained.

Results
We enrolled 29 patients (24 female). Their mean age was 25.1 years and mean disease duration 11.3 years. The age of participants, persistent proteinuria and use of cyclosporin correlated with increased CCIMT by multivariable analysis (P = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). These patients had significantly abnormal CCIMT when compared with a healthy population (mean 690 (SD 150) μm versus mean 447 (SD 76) μm, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Subclinical atherosclerosis, identified by abnormal CCIMT, appears in young adults with juvenile-onset SLE. The CCIMT abnormality progresses with increasing age, and persistent proteinuria and use of cyclosporin appears to increase the risk for atherosclerosis.
Internal Colony—Are You Sure? Defining, Theorizing, Organizing Appalachia
Authors: Fisher Steve , Smith Barbara Ellen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Despite its critics, the internal colony framework has shown remarkable resilience over the years. Successive generations of activists and scholars have targeted “outside interests” as the chief culprits in regional impoverishment, exploitation, and stereotyping. The concentration of land, for example, in the hands of those who reside outside the region seems, by definition, to represent a form of dispossession that must account for the poverty of many who live here. But is the fact that owners (of land, capital, major media outlets, etc.) are typically not from Appalachia the decisive factor that explains regional degradation? As the need for major economic transitions within Appalachia, perhaps especially the coalfields, becomes more widely accepted, questions about how to define and theorize the past in order to overcome its legacies and organize toward brighter futures become more urgent. Does “internal colony” adequately clarify the context and aims of our struggle? Is ridding the region of outsider ownership and control our central organizing goal? If not, what is? This roundtable explores such questions in the hope of contributing to insights about Appalachia’s past as well as its future.
State Model Diagrams for Teaching Networking – a SOLO Based Evaluation
Authors: MAJ Stanislaw Paul , Ohtsuki Kazu , Akamatsu Toru , Mackay Steve 
Published: August 2016

The Cisco Network Academy Program is the world’s largest network technology curriculum with over 500,000 students’ worldwide. An analysis of this curriculum found that it did not provide students with a diagrammatic model that is consistent throughout the curriculum. Without such a model students develop their own which is likely to be incomplete, inconsistent and incorrect. State Model Diagrams (SMDs) were designed to address this problem. SMDs allow networking concepts and technical detail to be taught using a single common diagram. Research has clearly demonstrated that SMDs considerably improve student learning at both introductory and advanced levels. As a diagrammatic technique SMDs are potentially language independent – an important aspect of any global curriculum. This paper investigates this hypothesis and using a learning taxonomy further evaluates SMDs as a pedagogical method for teaching network technology.
A Rapid and Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Extraction and Determination of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in Human Plasma
Authors: Elkady Ehab F , Aboelwafa Ahmed A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A new validated bioanalytical method based on LC tandem MS has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in human plasma using antiviral daclatasvir as an internal standard (IS). Liquid–liquid extraction of samples was used for the purification and preconcentration of the analytes from a human plasma matrix. Good and consistent recoveries were obtained, with average extraction recoveries of 91.61 and 88.93% for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, respectively. The chromatographic separation of the three analytes was achieved within only 2.8 min by an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate, which was then adjusted to pH 4.0 by acetic acid–acetonitrile–0.1% methanolic formic acid (12 + 25 + 63, v/v/v) flowing through a C18 Zorbax eclipse plus column (5 μm, 100 × 4.6 mm; Agilent). Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were measured in positive ion mode for sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and daclatasvir (IS). A detailed validation of the method was performed and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.5 to 2500 and 5 to 2100 ng/mL for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, respectively, applying weighted (1/X2) linear regression. The developed method was applied to the analysis of the two drugs after a single oral administration of Harvoni 400/90 mg film-coated tablets containing 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledipasvir to four healthy volunteers.
Use of a Simulated Model to Teach Male Adult Circumcision in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Campain Nicholas J. , Parnham Arie S. , Spasojevic Nenad , Reeves Felicity , Venn Suzie , Biyani Chandra Shekhar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMale adult circumcision (MC) has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in men by 50–60 %. An upscaling in the training of providers to perform circumcision is necessary to meet demand since MC is a key component of essential surgery in the context of universal health coverage. We piloted a low‐cost, high‐fidelity model for training adult circumcision. Multi‐centre, multinational data were collected on 74 trainees and clinicians (trainers) in sub‐Saharan Africa. Both trainers and trainees gave excellent feedback for the model (content and face validity). The simulated model enables a safe and realistic simulation experience to perform MC. The model is quick to set up and easily transportable to multiple teaching sites.
Review of fishing safety policies in Canada with respect to extreme environmental conditions and climate change effects
Authors: Rezaee Sara , Brooks Mary R. , Pelot Ronald 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Fishing is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world. Numerous research studies have been carried out to improve fishing safety from many different perspectives. Several of these studies focused on the relationship between environmental factors, climate change effects, and fishing safety. This paper aims to suggest a knowledge mobilization structure that translates findings of this type of research into input of evidence-based decision making and consequently improve and update fishing policies with respect to fishing safety and environmental conditions. Significant safety factors extracted from related literature are stability of vessels, fisheries management, safety equipment, communication, insurance, training, safety information and culture, weather forecasts, fatigue, and search and rescue planning. The paper then reviews policies related to these factors to examine if they address extreme environmental conditions and climate change effects. The paper presents recommendations to improve general fishing safety with respect to short- and long-term environmental considerations.
Mapping the Ecology of China’s Corporate Legal Sector: Globalization and Its Impact on Lawyers and Society
Authors: LIU Sida , TRUBEK David M. , WILKINS David B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlobalization is rapidly changing the landscape of law practice in China, especially its corporate legal sector. This article reports on the preliminary findings of the China research of the Globalization, Lawyers, and Emerging Economies (GLEE) Project—a comparative study that examines how globalization is reshaping the market for legal services in important emerging economies and how these developments are contributing to the transformation of the political economy in these countries and beyond. Adopting an ecological approach, which examines how different segments of the legal system interact with one another in complex ways, this article maps the corporate core, international linkages, and domestic contexts of China’s globalizing corporate legal sector and discusses its impact on lawyers and society.
Invariant solutions of minimal large-scale structures in turbulent channel flow for up to 1000
Authors: Hwang Yongyun , Willis Ashley P. , Cossu Carlo 
Published: August 2016

Understanding the origin of large-scale structures in high-Reynolds-number wall turbulence has been a central issue over a number of years. Recently, Rawat et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 782, 2015, pp. 515–540) have computed invariant solutions for the large-scale structures in turbulent Couette flow at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 128$ using an overdamped large-eddy simulation with the Smagorinsky model to account for the effect of the surrounding small-scale motions. Here, we extend this approach to Reynolds numbers an order of magnitude higher in turbulent channel flow, towards the regime where the large-scale structures in the form of very-large-scale motions (long streaky motions) and large-scale motions (short vortical structures) emerge energetically. We demonstrate that a set of invariant solutions can be computed from simulations of the self-sustaining large-scale structures in the minimal unit (domain of size $L_{x}=3.0h$ streamwise and $L_{z}=1.5h$ spanwise) with midplane reflection symmetry at least up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 1000$. By approximating the surrounding small scales with an artificially elevated Smagorinsky constant, a set of equilibrium states are found, labelled upper- and lower-branch according to their associated drag. It is shown that the upper-branch equilibrium state is a reasonable proxy for the spatial structure and the turbulent statistics of the self-sustaining large-scale structures.
Meteorological Services for the Comet
Authors: Chambers E. 
Published: August 2016

The supply of meteorological information for Comet operations began long before the first prototype was in the air, since information on aerodrome temperature and pressure and ambient air temperature up to 40,000 ft. was required to assess engine performance. Thus it was found that extremes of temperature at 40,000 ft. range from about – 80 °C. over the United Kingdom to – 35°C. over Northwest India and performance curves were constructed to cover this range.Statistics on low temperatures were required in connection with the performance of the de-icing system on descent; statistics on high temperatures were required for engine performance throughout flight.
The Meteorological Problem of the North Atlantic
Authors: Entwistle F. 
Published: August 2016

The development in recent years of trans-oceanic flying has raised new problems, both in regard to the design of aircraft of increased range and performance and the operational and technical questions involved, and also from the point of view of the ancillary services—radio and meteorology—on which the successful operation of an air route must, ultimately, depend.The importance of an organised meteorological service as an adjunct to the safe, regular and economical operation of an air route has been recognised from the earliest days of civil aviation. Meteorology, however, must play an even greater part in the operation of long trans-oceanic routes than in the case of the shorter routes such as those which form a network over Europe.
Equilibrium Running of the Simple Jet-Turbine Engine
Authors: Morley A. W. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper discusses the elementary use of non-dimensional parameters for analysing the performance of a simple jet turbine engine. The coniponents of the engine—intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine and final nozzle—are linked together by means of the component characteristics. The possible running points are such that the characteristics are satisfied simultaneously when the whole of the engine is in equilibrium.The components of the engine in general can be matched only at one point, called the design point. Performance af equilibrium points away from the design point may be predicted by the methods described, before the engine is built.The paper also shows how the essential parameters governing the behaviour of the jet turbine engine are linked with the aircraft parameters.
Dimensions Required for Inspection
Authors: Saywell G. A. G. 
Published: August 2016

The following problem constitutes a minor delay in ultimate production, yet considerable time and effort and manpower are duplicated at present in finding a practical solution to what is really a repetition of Drawing Office calculations.The problem is that drawings calling up various machined fittings often lack any reference to “practical” measurements by which the operator, the toolmaker and the Inspection Department may ”set-out ” and check the work concerned.
The Aerodynamic Art
Authors: Farren William S. 
Published: August 2016

Aerodynamics is the foundation on which we build aircraft, as did the Wright Brothers. In their day, it was something of a mystery. It has become a profession in itself—a Science and an Art.Its parent science—the mechanics of fluids—is one of the most difficult branches of the general science of mechanics, which is itself possibly not one of the easier departments of science. The simplest of our flying machines is aerodynamically excessively complex. We have always been prepared to design and build aircraft to meet extraordinarily severe conditions. There is only one yardstick by which we can expect to be judged—results. We need all our skill—and skill is art, though not the whole of it.
The Motion of an Oscillating Aerofoil in a Compressible Free Jet
Authors: Drake D. G. 
Published: August 2016

The supersonic and subsonic jets are both considered by the method used by Miles for an oscillating aerofoil between wind tunnel walls.The present problem and that of Miles are special cases of the flow past an oscillating aerofoil between porous walls, and provide a useful check for results in the porous wall problem. It may be assumed that the ratio of the change in pressure across a porous wall to the normal velocity at the wall defines a quantity called the porosity parameter, which is a constant at any particular point on the wall. For the special cases of the porosity parameter being everywhere infinite and zero, the porous wall corresponds to the solid wall and the free jet boundary respectively.
Rotary Stability Derivatives from Distorted Models
Authors: Foster D. J. , Haynes G. W. 
Published: August 2016

This note is presented as an idea to be criticised rather than as a description of a fully developed experimental technique. There are weaknesses in the method which will prevent it from giving absolutely correct answers, for example, the twist imparted to the boundary layer when a body of revolution is rolled cannot be represented. But some of the major effects can be represented, and the idea may possibly be developed to be of practical significance.It is standard wind tunnel practice to measure the aerodynamic derivatives CYβ, C1β, Cnβ, CMβ, CLβ and CDβ by having a wind stream of constant direction, and measuring aerodynamic forces and moments on a model aircraft placed at angles of yaw and pitch to the stream.
A Fixture for Testing Sheet Materials in Compression at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Hayward D. C. 
Published: August 2016

SummarySupersonic speeds of flight have brought thermal problems due to the kinetic heating of skin materials. These materials, generally metallic, suffer loss of strength and stiffness with increase in temperature and a knowledge of changes in value of these properties at elevated temperatures is a pre-requisite to a design study. More particularly for stress offices the compressive stress-strain curves are required from which are derived tangent- and secant-moduli used to predict buckling in components. A fixture has therefore been developed for testing under edgewise compression sheet materials up to temperatures of 400 °C.
Control and Allied Problems
Authors: Gardner H. H. 
Published: August 2016

At this stage in the Symposium three papers have been presented on the subject of Supersonic Flight. They will have left untouched a field which is much too wide and extensive to cover in a single paper. In fact, any attempt to cover the major problems remaining would result in a superficial and valueless effort. However, the general problem of control, particularly that resulting from the elimination of the pilot, is clearly the next major consideration and this is basically the theme of this paper.Other major problems may be described as those associated with Electrical and Mechanical Engineering; they include power supplies, services and, in particular, refrigeration. If one looks back some twenty years these problems were not considered of any great importance, although at some stage every designer must have decried their reliability. In fact “ electrics again ” seems to have been heard far too frequently when trouble occurred.
The Supercharging of Aircraft and Motor-Vehicle Engines
Authors: Fedden A. H. R. 
Published: August 2016

In endeavouring to present a paper on the relative problems of supercharging aircraft and motor-car power units, the author wishes to convey at the outset that no attempt is being made to give a scientific investigation of air compression, but rather to review the present stage of supercharger development, the difficulties which have to be met by the engine designer in applying such a device to a high-speed petrol engine, and with the hope of stimulating from this review a discussion on the possible advantages to be obtained thereby.For the purpose of this paper, supercharging an internal combustion engine may be defined as :–The filling of the cylinder during each cycle by mechanical means in the form of a pump, with a greater amount of charge than would be possible with natural aspiration.
Safety from Fire in Airships
Authors: Cave-Browne-Cave T. R. 
Published: August 2016

In the tragedy of R38 it is the structural failure which happens to have attracted most attention. The tragic consequences which resulted from the structural failure were fatal almost solely because of fire.The nature and causes of the structural failure are now well known, and in the science and art of hull design sufficient progress has been made to render future structural failure as improbable in an airship as in a ship at sea. It is fitting, therefore, that a large proportion of the essays submitted for the R38 Prize should describe work which has been done to eliminate the initial cause of failure.
XV. Why Aguila Landed at Kinsale
Authors: Silke John J. 
Published: August 2016

One of the grounds on which standard histories of Ireland find fault with the Spanish expedition which Don Juan del Aguila led into Kinsale in 1601 is that it came to the wrong place. If, our authorities say, the expedition had come to Munster a year or two earlier, before the insurrection had been crushed there, it might have stood some chance; but now it ought to have come to some northern or western port where O’Neill and O’Donnell could readily have joined forces with it, and not to a port ‘in a province already subdued and all the length of Ireland from the northern chiefs’ (Curtis). The Spaniards in 1601 ‘had come at the wrong time and in the wrong place’ (Hayden and Moonan).This judgement, in the form stated by D’Alton, is canonised by Hayden and Moonan and by Curtis, who both merely summarise D’Alton. Underlying this view, it will be noted, is the assumption that Aguila, had he so desired, might have landed elsewhere on the Irish coast. While accepting without challenge this assumption, some writers not unnaturally have wondered whether there might not be some hidden explanation for what at first sight appears to have been a ‘dreadful mistake’. Perhaps the Spaniards chose a southern port because their ulterior design was to launch an attack on England (O’Faolain’s suggestion); perhaps the journey to Ulster was considered too far, Ulster’s coasts too inhospitable (Falls). Father Jones, whose conclusions are otherwise tentative, has shown that the expedition (finally at least) did intend to go to Kinsale.
A bibliography of Irish architectural history
Authors: McParland Edward 
Published: August 2016

What follows is a list — covering items published between 1900 and 1986 — of serious accounts of the history of important architectural projects undertaken in Ireland between the late seventeenth and early twentieth centuries. It is intended to be comprehensive in respect of monographs, collective works and articles in non-Irish periodicals, but in respect of Irish periodicals it is a supplement to Richard J. Hayes, Sources for the history of Irish civilisation: articles in Irish periodicals (9 vols, Boston, 1970).
None of the above definitions is rigidly adhered to: much is included which falls outside their limits, but an attempt has been made to include everything that falls within them. The following have not been comprehensively included:
(1) Monographs on non-resident architects whose careers, notwithstanding Irish commissions, were mainly abroad, e.g. Robert Adam, G.E. Street, Edwin Lutyens. This is partly because such architects are so numerous (there is evidence of over a hundred British architects having professional contacts with Ireland between 1750 and 1850) and partly because they are already well served bibliographically, e.g. by Howard Colvin, A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600–1840 (London, 1978);
(2) studies of the foreign careers of Irish architects, e.g. James Hoban, Eileen Gray;
(3) studies of vernacular architecture (but see entry under this heading in the index);
(4) contemporary reviews or criticism of buildings;
(5) reviews of books;
(6) printed primary sources, such as J.T. Gilbert, Calendar of ancient records of Dublin… (19 vols, Dublin, 1889–1944).