bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Oxidative Stress and Molecular Damage Caused by 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid in Zebrafish Livers
Authors: Dong Miao , Liu Tong , Wang Jinhua , Wang Jun , Zhu Lusheng , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the toxic effects of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) in zebrafish livers after exposure to 5–40 mg/L of [C4mim]Br on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The results showed that low levels of [C4mim]Br exposure activated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during early periods of exposure. However, high concentrations (20–40 mg/L) of [C4mim]Br caused the inhibition of SOD, which, accordingly, led to excess reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. The present results indicate that [C4mim]Br causes oxidative stress in the livers of both male and female zebrafish. Additionally, the DNA damage revealed that [C4mim]Br has a genotoxic effect on zebrafish livers, even when the concentration of [C4mim]Br is low (5 mg/L). The DNA damage was demonstrated by quantifying the DNA strand breakage.
The occurrence of spermatozoa in the ovary of the gynogenetic viviparous teleost Poeciliaformosa (POECILIIDAE)
Authors: Uribe Mari Carmen , Grier Harry J. , De la Rosa‐Cruz Gabino , Schartl Manfred 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe reproductive mode of the female viviparous teleost Poecilia formosa (Poeciliidae) represents the phenomenon known as gynogenesis; that is, parthenogenetic development is initiated by spermatozoa which are needed for physiological activation of the egg and the initiation of gestation, but spermatozoa are prevented from contributing to the genome of the embryo. For the reason that no previous histological analyses of the ovary of this species during the reproductive cycle has been published the present study has been conducted. This study examined the histology of the ovary of P. formosa during nongestation and gestation phases and identified the presence of spermatozoa inside the ovary. Spermatozoa were observed in folds of the ovarian epithelium of P. formosa during both the nongestation and gestation phases. Sperm storage as documented in this study is a very important trait for the gynogenetic viviparous fish P. formosa contributing to the understanding of this species reproduction. J. Morphol. 277:341–350, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events with potential impacts on flooding: a case study from the central United States
Authors: Rahmani Vahid , Hutchinson Stacy L. , Harrington John A. , Hutchinson J. M. Shawn 
Published: December 2015

Climate variability and change can impact rainfall by varying time, location, magnitude, and frequency of precipitation events. Fluctuations in heavy rainfall events can impact flooding and drought events and water management systems. This research addresses temporal and spatial distributions of extreme daily and monthly rainfall in Kansas using daily rainfall data from 23 stations for the period 1890–2013. The Mann–Kendall non‐parametric method was used in trend analysis. Results indicate an increasing trend in the annual daily maximum rainfall, and an increase in the annual number of rainfall events above the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile thresholds at a majority of stations since 1890. The most recent 30‐year climate normal period (1981–2010) was selected to assess contemporary change compared to the entire period (1890–2013). Most stations have a steeper positive slope for all extreme rainfall parameters for 1981–2010. Generally, western Kansas receives smaller and fewer extreme storms than eastern Kansas with respect to both magnitude and frequency.Since 1890, June has been the month that receives the greatest amount of rain in each year at a majority of stations (18 of 23). Stations in eastern Kansas tend to experience earlier maximum rainfall on a monthly basis than central and western stations. Earlier annual maximum monthly rains can affect soil moisture and runoff generation. Timely maintenance and improvement in water, soil, and flood management systems are necessary in order to increase preparedness of the society to flash floods and protect them from water management systems failures.
Labile organic matter fractions as early‐season nitrogen supply indicators in manure‐amended soils
Authors: Thomas Ben W. , Whalen Joann K. , Sharifi Mehdi , Chantigny Martin , Zebarth Bernie J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSoil test indicators are needed to predict the contribution of soil organic N to crop N requirements. Labile organic matter (OM) fractions containing C and N are readily metabolized by soil microorganisms, which leads to N mineralization and contributes to the soil N supply to crops. The objective of this study was to identify labile OM fractions that could be indicators of the soil N supply by evaluating the relationship between the soil N supply, the C and N concentrations, and C/N ratios of water extractable OM, hot‐water extractable OM, particulate OM, microbial biomass, and salt extractable OM. Labile OM fractions were measured before planting spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in fertilized soils and the soil N supply was determined from the wheat N uptake and soil mineral N concentration after 6 weeks. Prior to the study, fertilized sandy loam and silty clay soils received three annual applications of 90 kg available N (ha · y)−1 from mineral fertilizer, liquid dairy cattle manure, liquid swine manure or solid poultry litter, and there was a zero‐N control. Water extractable organic N was the only labile OM fraction to be affected by fertilization in both soil types (P < 0.01). Across both test soils, the soil N supply was significantly correlated with the particulate OM N (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), the particulate OM C (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), and hot‐water extractable organic N (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). We conclude that pre‐planting concentrations of particulate OM and hot‐water extractable organic N could be early season indicators of the soil N supply in fertilized soils of the Saint Lawrence River Lowlands in Quebec, Canada. The suitability of these pre‐planting indicators to predict the soil N supply under field conditions and in fertilized soils from other regions remains to be determined.
Antihyperlipidemic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim) Harms leaves in high‐fat‐diet fed mice
Authors: Nishida Miyako , Kondo Momoko , Shimizu Taro , Saito Tetsuo , Sato Shinji , Hirayama Masao , Konishi Tetsuya , Nishida Hiroshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for a variety of obesity‐related diseases. Recently, the effects of functional foods have been investigated on lipid metabolism as a means to reduce lipid content in the blood, liver and adipose tissues associated with carnitine O‐palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim) Harms (AS) is a medicinal herb possessing a wide spectra of functions including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fatigue actions. Despite much research being focused on the cortical roots of AS, little information is available regarding its leaves, which are also expected to promote human health, for example by improving abnormal lipid metabolism. Here, we explored whether AS leaves affect lipid metabolism in mice fed a high‐fat diet.RESULTSThe administration of AS to BALB/c mice fed a high‐fat diet significantly decreased plasma triglycerides (TG). CPT activity in the liver of these mice was significantly enhanced by AS treatment.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that AS leaves have the potential to alleviate increase in plasma TG levels due to high‐fat diet intake in mice, possibly by increasing mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation, especially via CPT activation. Consequently, daily intake of AS leaves could promote beneficial health effects including the prevention of metabolic syndrome. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Side‐Chain Amino‐Acid‐Derived Cationic Chiral Polymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization
Authors: Bauri Kamal , Roy Saswati Ghosh , De Priyadarsi 
Published: December 2015

There is an increased interest in incorporation of naturally occurring amino acid/peptide moieties into the synthetic polymeric chain. Because of functional group diversity in amino acids, it is possible to synthesize a large variety of well‐defined functional amino‐acid/peptide‐based optically active polymers with varied polymer length, composition, and architectures using available controlled/living polymerization techniques. The amino acid inclusion into the synthetic polymer chains may offer several advantages such as (a) functional group availability which not only results in improved hydrophilicity and possible interactions with proteins and genes but also facilitates further modification with bioactive molecules, (b) introduces chirality, and (c) makes room for noncovalent interactions to form hierarchical superstructures. From the long past, amino acids have been extensively incorporated in the main chain of biodegradable polymers, and their biological importance have been evaluated. Besides, various side‐chain amino‐acid/peptide‐bearing polymers have been synthesized and used for different purposes. In this article, utilization of different controlled/living polymerization methods to prepare various side‐chain amino acid/peptide pendant polymers will be discussed, mainly focusing on cationic chiral polymeric architectures and 3D gel networks by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization.
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Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis and Host‐Guest Supermolecular Coloring Application
Authors: Zheng Yaochen , Tang Aijin , Weng Zhulin , Cai Shengying , Jin Yu , Gao Zhengguo , Gao Chao 
Published: December 2015

A novel kind of amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(propargyl quaternary ammomium methacrylate)‐co‐polymethyl methacrylate (HPPrAM‐co‐PMMA) is facilely synthesized via a combination of self‐condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP), reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and a highly efficient Menschutkin reaction. With water soluble quaternary ammonium salt moieties and hydrophobic PMMA segments, the amphiphilic HPPrAM‐co‐PMMA is further employed as the host molecule for anionic dye supermolecular encapsulation. Due to the strong electrostatic interaction and large polar difference between the HPPrAM and PMMA moieties, the AHP exhibits a high loading capability of water soluble dyes (Cdyes) (such as rose bengal, methyl orange, and fluorescein sodium). Furthermore, the AHP‐dye complex is used as a coloring additive for common polymers, such as styrene‐block‐butadiene‐block‐styrene copolymer (SBS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A sample colored with the AHP‐dye complex shows good dye dispersion, uniformity, and coloring stability.
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Disparities in female urologic case distribution with new subspecialty certification and surgeon gender
Authors: Liu Joceline S. , Dickmeyer Laura Jo , Nettey Oluwarotimi , Hofer Matthias D. , Flury Sarah C. , Kielb Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2015

AimsTo examine surgical case volume characteristics in certifying urologists associated with common female urologic procedures to evaluate the practice patterns, given the recent establishment of subspecialty certification in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) and changes in urologist gender composition.MethodsSix‐month case log data of certifying urologists (2003–2013) was obtained from the American Board of Urology (ABU). We examined case logs for 26 CPT codes for common female urologic procedures focused on four procedure groups: incontinence, prolapse, vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), and revision/removal of vaginal mesh/graft.ResultsAmong 4802 urologists logging at least one female urology case, 43,949 (55.6% of all cases) incontinence, 30,983 (39.2%) prolapse, 451 (0.6%) VVF, and 3643 (4.6%) revision of mesh/graft surgeries were identified. While 90.8% logging at least one female CPT code were men, women surgeons (9.2%) accounted for a disproportionate volume (22.6%) of cases. With initiation of the FPMRS subspecialty certification in 2011, 225 FPMRS candidates (out of 1716 certifying urologists) were identified, compared to 367 (out of 3828 certifying urologists) female subspecialists prior to 2011. FPMRS accounted for 56.7% of prolapse, 62.9% VVF, 59.0% mesh/graft revisions, and 41.9% of incontinence surgeries, compared to female specialists before 2011 (39.1%, 42.4%, 41.5%, and 21.6% respectively (all P < 0.001)).ConclusionsA growing proportion of female urologic cases are performed by female subspecialists, with a significant increase since initiation of FPMRS subspecialty certification. Women surgeons account for a disproportionate volume of these cases despite remaining a minority of certifying urologists and female subspecialists. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:399–403, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring Large Non‐planar Optics
Authors: Richters Jan‐Peter , Wolfgramm Florian , Schuhmann Rainer 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe evaluation of the surface form quality of large‐scale optical components in general and large cylindrical components in particular is most challenging. Such surfaces can be measured with planar Fizeau‐type interferometers equipped with computer generated holograms. This article provides an overview of the measurement process using sub‐aperture stitching techniques, the degrees of freedom of the measuring system, the requirements on input data and the importance of error‐corrected holograms.
Ridge Waveguides — Tailored Components for a Wide Range of Applications
Authors: Stolze Mareike , Weigand Benjamin , L'huillier Johannes A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGuiding light is an essential issue in telecommunication or sensor applications, in optical metrology and integrated optic circuits. Each application has different demands on waveguide dimensions, properties, electromagnetic field distribution, and transmission characteristics. Here, we present an overview on different waveguide designs and design criteria, fabrication technologies, as well as selected applications.
Get the Picture!
Authors: Briggs Stephan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe power of today's high‐resolution fluorescence imaging brings new capabilities to bear on everything from serum analysis to water quality inspection. Fluorescence filter cubes help scientists and engineers develop and create powerful new systems. Tight control over chromatic bands and optical wavefront, coupled with infinity‐corrected optical train design, brings unprecedented interchangeability and performance to new form factors for analytical instrumentation.
“I sit to sleep”—Spirometry as a clue to diagnosis
Authors: Yaacoby‐Bianu Karin , Shaul Ron , Ilivitzki Anat , Bentur Lea 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA 15‐year‐old patient presented with a 4‐month history of choking while sleeping that necessitated sleeping in a sitting position. Flow‐volume curve demonstrating fixed upper airway obstruction led to further workup and to the diagnosis of childhood achalasia as a cause of unusual symptoms and fixed upper airway obstruction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:E13–E15. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infection and inflammation in induced sputum from preschool children with chronic airways diseases
Authors: Jochmann Anja , Artusio Luca , Robson Karen , Nagakumar Prasad , Collins Nicola , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Saglani Sejal 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackground: We hypothesized airway inflammation can be detected non‐invasively by induced sputum (IS) or peripheral blood eosinophilia, and IS can detect bacterial and viral infection in preschool children with airway disease, with results comparable to broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL). Methods: Preschool children with cystic fibrosis, recurrent wheeze, or wet cough underwent IS with nebulized hypertonic saline, chest physiotherapy, and oropharyngeal suction. Samples were analyzed for inflammation by cytology and bacterial culture, viral detection by PCR. Results were compared to BAL and blood in a sub‐group undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy. Results: 64 children (median age 33 [7–76] months) underwent IS without adverse events. IS was obtained from 61/64. Twenty out of sixty‐four underwent BAL and IS, no IS was obtained in 2/23. Thirteen out of twenty‐one (62%) had matching bacteria and viruses, 4/21 had positive BAL bacterial growth with negative IS, and 3/21 had negative BAL growth with positive IS. 67% of sputum samples were processed for cytology, 46% had <80% squamous cells; the proportion of squamous cells reduced with increasing age (r = −0.55, P < 0.01). IS was significantly more neutrophilic and less eosinophilic than BAL; 2/21 IS samples contained eosinophils compared to 17/23 BAL. There was a positive correlation between blood and BAL eosinophilia (r = 0.75, P < 0.01). Conclusion: IS from preschool children can be used to assess infection. BAL and IS culture concurred in approximately two‐thirds. However, inflammation was measureable in only one‐third of IS samples and the cell differential was predominantly neutrophilic compared to BAL. Blood eosinophils may provide a better reflection of lower airway eosinophilia in this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:778–786. © 2015 WileyPeriodicals, Inc.
Zoledronate Attenuates Accumulation of DNA Damage in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Protects Their Function
Authors: Misra Juhi , Mohanty Sindhu T. , Madan Sanjeev , Fernandes James A. , Hal Ebetino F. , Russell R. Graham G. , Bellantuono Ilaria 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo a decline in function following ex vivo expansion and exposure to irradiation. This has been associated with accumulation of DNA damage and has important implications for tissue engineering approaches or in patients receiving radiotherapy. Therefore, interventions, which limit accumulation of DNA damage in MSC, are of clinical significance. We were intrigued by findings showing that zoledronate (ZOL), an anti-resorptive nitrogen containing bisphosphonate, significantly extended survival in patients affected by osteoporosis. The effect was too large to be simply due to the prevention of fractures. Moreover, in combination with statins, it extended the lifespan in a mouse model of Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Therefore, we asked whether ZOL was able to extend the lifespan of human MSC and whether this was due to reduced accumulation of DNA damage, one of the important mechanisms of aging. Here, we show that this was the case both following expansion and irradiation, preserving their ability to proliferate and differentiate in vitro. In addition, administration of ZOL before irradiation protected the survival of mesenchymal progenitors in mice. Through mechanistic studies, we were able to show that inhibition of mTOR signaling, a pathway involved in longevity and cancer, was responsible for these effects. Our data open up new opportunities to protect MSC from the side effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and during ex vivo expansion for regenerative medicine approaches. Given that ZOL is already in clinical use with a good safety profile, these opportunities can be readily translated for patient benefit.
SCO2 Mediates Oxidative Stress-Induced Glycolysis to Oxidative Phosphorylation Switch in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Du Wei , Amarachintha Surya , Wilson Andrew F. , Pang Qishen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow (BM) failure syndrome, presumably resulting from defects in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Normal HSCs depend more on glycolysis than on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Here, we show that FA HSCs are more sensitive to the respiration inhibitor NaN3 treatment than to glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), indicating more dependence on OXPHOS. FA HSCs undergo glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch in response to oxidative stress through a p53-dependent mechanism. Metabolic stresses induce upregulation of p53 metabolic targets in FA HSCs. Inactivation of p53 in FA HSCs prevents glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch. Furthermore, p53-deficient FA HSCs are more sensitive to 2-DG-mediated metabolic stress. Finally, oxidative stress-induced glycolysis-to-OXPHOS switch is mediated by synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2). These findings demonstrate p53-mediated OXPHOS function as a compensatory alteration in FA HSCs to ensure a functional but mildly impaired energy metabolism and suggest a cautious approach to manipulating p53 signaling in FA.
Tumor Specific Recruitment and Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Berger Liron , Shamai Yeela , Skorecki Karl L. , Tzukerman Maty 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Non-neoplastic stromal cells harvested from patient tumors were identified as tumor-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by their multipotential capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes and by the expression of MSC specific cell surface markers. These procedures yielded also epithelial cancer cells and their counterpart MSC from gastric carcinoma (GSC1) and lung carcinoma (LC2). While the LC2 cancer cell growth is independent of their LC-MSC, the GSC1 cancer cell growth is critically dependent on the presence of their counterpart GSC-MSC or their conditioned medium (CM). The fact that none of the various other tumor-derived MSCs was able to restore the specific effect of GSC-MSC on GSC1 cancer cell growth suggests specificity of tumor-derived MSC, which are specifically recruited and “educated”/reprogrammed by the cancer cells to support tumor growth. Using cytokine array analysis, we were able to demonstrate that GSC1 cell growth is mediated through hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling pathway which is activated exclusively by HGF secreted from GSC-MSC. An innovative approach demonstrates GSC1-mediated specific tropism of “naïve” MSC from the adjacent tissue in a tumor specific manner to support tumor progression. The results suggest that specific tumor tropic “naïve” MSC are reprogrammed in a tumor-specific manner to support gastric tumor progression. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the interactions of the tumor cancer cells and tumor-derived MSC will constitute the basis for developing multimodal anticancer therapeutic strategies that will also take into account the specific tumor tropism properties of MSC and their reprogramming.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate alters the gene expression and the levels of protein associated with cell cycle regulation in human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells
Authors: Chou Yu‐Cheng , Chang Meng‐Ya , Wang Mei‐Jen , Liu Hsin‐Chung , Chang Shu‐Jen , Harnod Tomor , Hung Chih‐Huang , Lee Hsu‐Tung , Shen Chiung‐Chyi , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a member of the isothiocyanate family, can induce apoptosis in many human cancer cells. Our previous study disclosed that PEITC induces apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, dysfunction of mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway in human brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells. To the best of our knowledge, we first investigated the effects of PEITC on the genetic levels of GBM 8401 cells in vitro. PEITC may induce G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest through affecting the proteins such as cdk2, cyclin E, and p21 in GBM 8401 cells. Many genes associated with cell‐cycle regulation of GBM 8401 cells were changed after PEITC treatment: 48 genes were upregulated and 118 were downregulated. The cell‐division cycle protein 20 (CDC20), Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 homolog beta (BUB1B), and cyclin B1 were downregulated, and clusterin was upregulated in GBM 8401 cells treated with PEITC. These changes of gene expression can provide the effects of PEITC on the genetic levels and potential biomarkers for glioblastoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 176–187, 2017.