bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein in cerebrospinal fluid as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer disease
Authors: García-Ayllón María-Salud , Lopez-Font Inmaculada , Boix Claudia P. , Fortea Juan , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Lleó Alberto , Molinuevo José-Luis , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Sáez-Valero Javier 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study assesses whether C-terminal fragments (CTF) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their potential as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Immunoprecipitation and simultaneous assay by Western blotting using multiplex fluorescence imaging with specific antibodies against particular domains served to characterize CTFs of APP in human CSF. We demonstrate that APP-CTFs are detectable in human CSF, being the most abundant a 25-kDa fragment, probably resulting from proteolytic processing by η-secretase. The level of the 25-kDa APP-CTF was evaluated in three independent CSF sample sets of patients and controls. The CSF level of this 25-kDa CTF is higher in subjects with autosomal dominant AD linked to PSEN1 mutations, in demented Down syndrome individuals and in sporadic AD subjects compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that APP-CTF could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD.
Typicality Effect and Category Structure in Spanish–English Bilingual Children and Adults
Authors: Shivabasappa Prarthana , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The study examines the typicality effect in Spanish–English bilingual children and adults in their 2 languages.

Method
Two studies were conducted using a category-generation task to compare the typical items generated by children with those generated by adults. Children in the 1st study differed orthogonally with respect to age (older, younger) and language use (higher Spanish use, higher English use). In the 2nd study, the older and younger children were matched with adults on their current Spanish use to delineate the influence of test language and age.

Results
Children with higher English use generated more typical items, and these occurred earlier in their word lists in English than in Spanish. Participants at all levels of Spanish experience generated fewer typical items in Spanish than in English. Thus, there was less convergence of items considered typical among participants in Spanish. Older and younger children did not differ in the number of typical items generated. However, when participants were matched for language use, older children produced typical items earlier in their word lists than did younger children.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the influence of language use and test language in generation of typical items in bilingual children.

Supplemental Materials:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5089888
Sexual Dysfunction and Intimacy for Ostomates
Authors: Tenfelde Sandi , Hayden Dana , Albaugh Jeffrey 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSex and intimacy presents special challenges for the ostomate. Since some colorectal surgery patients will require either temporary or permanent stomas, intimacy and sexuality is a common issue for ostomates. In addition to the stoma, nerve damage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are often used in conjunction with stoma creation for cancer patients, thereby adding physiological dysfunction to the personal psychological impact of the stoma, leading to sexual dysfunction. The purpose of this paper is to describe the prevalence, etiology, and the most common types of sexual dysfunction in men and women after colorectal surgery and particularly those patients with stomas. In addition, treatment strategies for sexual dysfunction will also be described.
Use of Bowel in Reconstructive Urology: What a Colorectal Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Morrison Christopher , Kielb Stephanie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUrologists routinely use bowel in the reconstruction of the urinary tract. With an increasing prevalence of urinary diversions, it is important for surgeons to have a basic understanding of varied use and configuration of bowel segments in urinary tract reconstruction that may be encountered during abdominal surgery. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the various reconstructive urological surgeries requiring bowel and to guide physicians on how to manage these patients with urinary diversions.
General Care of the Pregnant Patient in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Crozier Timothy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPregnant women represent a small subset of all intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and may require intensive care for “obstetric” or “nonobstetric” reasons. Women may be admitted to the ICU at any stage of pregnancy or in the postpartum period. Pregnancy may be discovered at the time of admission to the ICU. Pregnancy impacts on ICU care in a variety of ways and requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Pregnancy is associated with considerable physiological changes that affect most organ systems, including an expansion in blood volume, an increase in minute ventilation, and an increased risk of thrombosis. The enlarging uterus may be associated with mechanical complications due to compression and displacement of other structures. The growing fetus places considerable demands upon the mother, being reliant on maternal systems for oxygenation, nutrition and disposal of carbon dioxide, and other waste products. This “second patient” must be considered when managing the pregnant woman. Optimal management of the mother usually constitutes best treatment for the fetus. Maternal shock and physiological disturbance, medications, and ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging may have harmful effects on the unborn child. Delivery of the fetus for either maternal or fetal indications may be necessary and should be planned for, even if considered unlikely to be required. Care of the postpartum woman has its own challenges, including managing lactation and facilitating mother/infant contact. In this article, the general care aspects of ICU treatment of the pregnant woman will be discussed, including monitoring, physiological target setting, and general supportive care.
Asthma during Pregnancy: Exacerbations, Management, and Health Outcomes for Mother and Infant
Authors: Jensen Megan , Gibson Peter , Murphy Vanessa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne in 10 pregnant women worldwide has asthma and of these, 10% will have a severe exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids (OCSs) in pregnancy. This review of recent publications in the field will describe the effects of exacerbation on maternal and neonatal health, the use of asthma medications during pregnancy, and will suggest novel management approaches for asthma in pregnancy. Pregnancy results in unpredictable changes in the disease; therefore, regular monitoring of symptoms is recommended. Uncontrolled asthma is frequently described in cohorts of pregnant women with asthma, and some recent studies show associations with adverse perinatal outcomes, as previously demonstrated with exacerbations. Guidelines for the management of asthma recommend the continued use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in pregnancy, with budesonide having a particularly good safety profile. Recent data suggest small effects of asthma and/or asthma medication use on congenital malformations; however, there is less data available on the safety of ICS/long-acting β agonist combinations, which are increasingly used for maintenance treatment. Novel management strategies are needed to address the complex needs of pregnant women with asthma. These include medication nonadherence and the presence of numerous comorbidities which can affect asthma, such as rhinitis, cigarette smoking, obesity, and mental health issues. Inflammation-based management has been shown to be effective in reducing exacerbations in pregnancy and may also improve perinatal outcomes. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team and the assessment of comorbidities have potential to improve the health of mothers and their offspring.
General Management Principles of the Pregnant Woman
Authors: Miller Margaret , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPregnancy is a dynamic process that consists of profound physiological changes mediated by hormonal, mechanical, and circulatory pathways. Understanding of changes in physiology is essential for distinguishing abnormal and normal signs and symptoms in a pregnant patient. These physiological changes also have important pharmacotherapeutic considerations for a pregnant patient. Although there are limited data to guide decisions regarding medications and diagnostic procedures in pregnancy, a careful review of risks should be balanced with review of risk of withholding a medication or procedure. Interventional pulmonary procedures can be safely performed in pregnant women while keeping in mind the maternal anatomic and physiologic changes. Furthermore, management of a maternal cardiopulmonary arrest requires important modifications in patient positioning and intravenous access to ensure adequate efficacy of chest compressions, circulation, and airway management. This review will provide an overview of maternal physiologic changes with a focus on cardiopulmonary physiology, pharmacotherapeutic considerations, diagnostic and interventional pulmonary procedures during pregnancy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnancy.
Predictors of Maternal Mortality and Prognostic Models in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Rojas-Suarez Jose , Levinson Andrew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe use of predictive models has been proposed as a potential tool to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, by aiding in the timely identification of potential high-risk patients. Prognostic models in critical care have been used to characterize the severity of illness of specific diseases. Physiological changes in pregnancy may result in general critical illness prediction models overestimating mortality in obstetric patients. Models that specifically reflect the unique characteristics of obstetric patients may have better prognostic value. Recently developed tools have focused on identifying at-risk patients before they require intensive care unit (ICU) admission to target early interventions and prevent acute clinical decompensation. The aim of the newest scoring systems, specifically designed for groups of obstetric patients receiving non-ICU care, is to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality by identifying early high-risk patients and initiating prompt effective medical responses.
Pulmonary Infections in Pregnancy
Authors: Gupta Amita , Mathad Jyoti 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPregnant women experience physiological and immunological changes that increase the risk or severity of certain pulmonary infections. These changes also affect drug disposition, which impacts treatment choices. In this article, we review the available data on (1) the physiological and immunological changes that specifically impact tuberculosis, influenza, and varicella pneumonia; (2) active and latent tuberculosis management, including drug monitoring and maternal–infant outcomes; (3) the treatment and prevention of influenza; and (4) the diagnosis and management of varicella pneumonia. Clinical trials often exclude pregnant women, but there is a consensus that treating pregnant women for tuberculosis, influenza, and varicella pneumonia improves outcomes for both the woman and her child.
High Varus Angle and Lower Posterior Tibial Slope Associated with PCL Injury in Cruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: An MRI Study
Authors: İmren Yunus , Tekin Ali , Dedeoğlu Süleyman , Gürbüz Hakan , Çabuk Haluk 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe posterior tibial slope (PTS) is important for performing a tibial cut that does not injure the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). In this study, the amount of PCL fibers sacrificed under simulated tibial cuts with varying posterior inclinations was evaluated using magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of osteoarthritic varus knees. Knee X-rays, orthoroentgenograms, and MRIs of 113 Kellgren and Lawrence grades 3 to 4 osteoarthritic knees were included. Four different simulated tibial cuts were performed at 0, 3, 5 degrees and parallel to the tibia plateau 3 mm below of the most defective part of the cartilage in the medial plateau. Correlations between the PCL avulsion amount and the PTS and varus alignment of the lower extremity were analyzed for all four simulated tibial cut levels. The maximum amount of PCL was preserved with a 0-degree tibial cut in patients with a PTS of more than 8 degrees. With increased tibial cut angles, the posterior slope resulted in an increased amount of avulsed PCL. Although the amount of avulsed PCL was proportional with the varus alignment, it was inversely proportional with the sagittal slope. The number of injured PCLs also increased as the slope of the tibial cuts increased. Patients with mild varus alignments and high PTSs are more suitable for cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin Conduits as an Alternative to Nerve Autografts for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Fernandes Marcela , Valente Sandra , Santos João , Furukawa Rebeca , Fernandes Carlos , Leite Vilnei , Faloppa Flávio , Roth Felipe 
Published: May 2017

Background Peripheral nerves have limited regeneration capacity despite best efforts. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains growth factors that may stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration. This study verified whether nerve regeneration using autogenous vein conduits filled with PRF is comparable to autologous nerve graft, which is the standard treatment.
Methods The sciatic nerve of the right paw of inbred rats was dissected, and a 10-mm segment was removed from rats randomized to receive autologous nerve graft (GRAFT) or vein conduit filled with PRF (PRF). A third group (SHAM) underwent surgery without nerve resection. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was measured 0, 30, 60, and 90 days postsurgery. Morphometry and morphology of the distal nerve injury were examined. Motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord stained with FluoroGold and counted.
Results No significant difference in SFI was observed between the GRAFT and PRF groups at any time point (all p > 0.05); however, SFI was lower in both groups compared with SHAM (p < 0.05). Morphometric and morphologic indexes were not significantly different between the GRAFT and PRF groups (p > 0.05); however, nerve fibers, axons, and myelin sheaths were thinner in both groups compared with SHAM (p = 0.0001). Average motor neurons' count was similar between the GRAFT and PRF groups (p = 0.91); the count was lower in both groups compared with SHAM (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001), respectively.
Conclusion Autologous nerve GRAFT and PRF-filled autogenous vein conduits were associated with similar outcomes, and worse than those observed in SHAM controls. Vein conduits filled with PRF may be a favorable alternative treatment to nerve grafts.
Lipoprotein Heterogeneity Early in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth
Authors: Mackey Rachel , Scifres Christina , Bertolet Marnie , Simhan Hyagriv , Catov Janet 
Published: May 2017

Background The concentration and size of lipoprotein particles are associated with race, inflammation, and disease. When triglycerides are high, as in pregnancy, lipoprotein particle size may have physiologic importance beyond conventional lipid measurements. We considered that lipoprotein particles may be related to preterm birth (PTB) and explored race differences.
Materials and Methods Samples were collected at 9 weeks' gestation (22 PTB [< 37 weeks]; 42 term births [≥ 37 weeks]). Lipids were assayed using standard techniques. Concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P, LDL-P, and VLDL-P, respectively) and markers of systemic inflammation were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and related to PTB.
Results Women with PTB had lower VLDL-P (− 10.66 nmol/L, p = 0.03) and higher systemic inflammation (+ 19.2 µmol/L, p = 0.02) compared with women with term births, independent of race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and smoking. Black versus white women had lower VLDL-P and higher HDL cholesterol (both p < 0.05). Race-specific results indicated that large HDL-P and inflammation (glycoprotein B) were higher with PTB versus term birth among black women only.
Conclusion Women with PTB had lower VLDL-P early in pregnancy, which may represent impaired lipid response. Black–white differences in the lipoprotein profile are similar to nonpregnant adults, but race-specific lipoprotein and inflammation associations with PTB warrant further study.
Epileptic Seizures Associated with Chromosomal Abnormalities Detected by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Five Albanian Children
Authors: Babameto-Laku Anila , Grabova Serla , Kruja Jera , Vyshka Gentian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpilepsy is an ever-changing field of research, with genetics and genomics playing a very important role in recent times. Novel technologies detecting chromosomal aberrations are applied widely, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) has become a basic diagnostic tool in a variety of neurologic and neuropsychiatric conditions. The authors describe five Albanian children suffering from epilepsy and screened for genetic problems using array CGH and other methods. A thorough neurological examination and imaging studies were performed for all patients, who in addition to seizures, suffered from diverse medical conditions such as microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, heart anomalies, cryptorchidism, and other clinical stigmata of an aberrant neurodevelopment. It is evident from our case reports that the array CGH as a diagnostic tool in molecular genetics has facilitated the recognition of microdeletions and microduplications as risk factors for both generalized and focal epilepsies. This method, therefore, clearly has a practical and scientific value in the investigation of children with epilepsy and associated intellectual disability and congenital anomalies.
Failed Vacuum and the Long-Term Neurological Impact on the Offspring
Authors: Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal , Landau Daniella , Sergienko Ruslan , Walfisch Asnat , Mastrolia Salvatore 
Published: May 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association between failed vacuum procedures and long-term pediatric neurological morbidity of the offspring (up to the age of 18 years).
Study Design We performed a population-based cohort study to assess the risk of long-term neurological morbidity, including children who were born following either a successful operative vaginal delivery or a failed procedure leading to an emergency cesarean delivery.
Results A total of 7,978 neonates underwent operative vaginal delivery during the study period, meeting the inclusion criteria. The procedure resulted in a successful vaginal delivery in 7,733 (96.9%) cases, while it failed in 245 (3.1%). Total neurological morbidity was comparable between the study groups (3.0 vs. 3.3%, p = 0.8). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve exhibited no difference in the cumulative incidence of total neurological morbidity (log rank, p = 0.967). In the Cox's regression model, a failed vacuum delivery was not associated with an increased long-term neurological morbidity, as compared with a successful procedure, after adjusting for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–2.1, p = 0.922).
Conclusion A failed vacuum delivery does not appear to be associated with an increased risk for neurological morbidity of the offspring studied up to 18 years following the event.
Evolutionary Triangulation to Refine Genetic Association Studies of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Huang Minjun , Muglia Louis , Williams Scott , Manuck Tracy 
Published: May 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to apply evolutionary triangulation, a novel technique exploiting evolutionary differentiation among three populations with variable disease prevalence, to spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) genetic association studies.
Study Design Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency data were obtained from HapMap for CEU, GIH/MEX, and YRI/ASW populations. Evolutionary triangulation SNPs, then genes, were selected according to the overlaps of genetic population differences (CEU = outlier). Evolutionary triangulation genes were then compared with three PTB gene lists: (1) top maternal and fetal genes from a large genome-wide association study of PTB, (2) 640 genes from the database for PTB, and (3) 118 genes from a recent systematic review. Empirical p-values were calculated to determine whether evolutionary triangulation enriched for putative PTB associating genes compared with randomly selected sample genes.
Results Evolutionary triangulation identified 5/17 maternal genes and 8/16 fetal genes from PTB gene list 1. From list 2, 79/640 were identified by CEU_GIH_YRI evolutionary triangulation, and 57/640 were identified by CEU_ASW_MEX evolutionary triangulation. Finally, 20/118 genes were identified by evolutionary triangulation from gene list 3. For all analyses, p < 0.001 except CEU_ASW_MEX analysis of list 3 where p = 0.002.
Conclusion Genes identified in prior PTB association studies confirmed by evolutionary triangulation should be prioritized for further genetic prematurity research.
Feeding Jejunostomy: Is It a Safe Route in Pediatric Patients? Single Institution Experience
Authors: El Agami Hisham , Gobbi Dalia , Clarke Simon , Haddad Munther , Choudhry Muhammad , Fascetti-Leon Francesco 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Impossibility to place a gastrostomy and failed gastroesophageal reflux surgery with unsafe swallow are the main indications to Feeding Jejunostomy (FJ) in children. The aim of this study is to quantify the incidence of complications associated with FJ.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients who had surgically inserted FJ between January 2009 and August 2013 at our institution was conducted. Data were obtained from medical records, operative notes, and radiology database, focusing on complications.
Results A total of 19 patients, average age 39.6 months (3–168 months), were treated during the study period. Indications to FJ were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) associated with unsafe swallow in 12, esophageal atresia in 5, and foregut dysmotility in 2. Seventeen FJ were inserted via laparotomy and 2 were laparoscopically assisted. In all cases, a serosal tunnel on the antimesenteric border was fashioned. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Tube dislodgement/blockage occurred on an average of 0.48 times per month in 18 out of 19 patients. The average radiation dose received for tube reinsertion/manipulation was 3.316 mSv/year/patient (0–10.66). Major postoperative complications occurred in 7 out of 19. After an average follow-up of 21 months, two have abandoned the use of FJ due to poor tolerance and three have fully weaned off. Two patients died due to unrelated causes.
Conclusion FJ, as an alternative means for enteral feeding, may require multiple readmissions and exposure to radiological procedures. The high risk of severe complications should be considered when offering this procedure.
Frühdiagnose der Chorea-Akanthozytose: orofaziale Dyskinesien, epileptische Anfälle und HyperCKämie
Authors: Schneider Christian , Danek Adrian , Hostmann Arwed , Fink Gereon , Burghaus Lothar 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Chorea-Akanthozytose ist eine seltene neurodegenerative Erkrankung, deren Diagnose in der Frühphase eine klinische Herausforderung darstellt. Bei Auftreten der Trias orofaziale Dyskinesien, epileptische Anfälle und HyperCKämie sollte frühzeitig der Verdacht auf ein Neuroakanthozytose-Syndrom gestellt werden. Nach Ausschluss von Differenzialdiagnosen wird die Diagnose durch Nachweis einer Chorein-Defizienz oder molekulargenetisch (VPS13A-Mutation) gesichert.