bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional results of free tissue transfer for complex heel‐calcaneal defects
Authors: Chou Chang‐Yi , Chiao Hao‐Yu , Wang Chi‐Yu , Sun Yu‐Shan , Lin Chin‐Ta , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Chen Shyi‐Gen , Chang Shun‐Cheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundLoss of soft tissue in heel‐calcaneal region is frequently caused by trauma, infection, or tumors. Limited availability of similar tissue becomes challenging, therefore, the use of free tissue transfer offers a solution. Our aim is to describe long term functional outcome of different free tissue transfers for these defects.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive cases of the heel‐calcaneal defect between January 2009 and December 2014. The free fasciocutaneous perforator (FCP) flaps were performed in 14 cases and free muscle flaps with skin graft in 10 cases. The postoperative complications, range of motion and ability of ambulation or exercise were administered to evaluate functional results.ResultsThe average follow‐up period was 26.5 months. The survival of free flap was 100%. Early complication included venous thrombosis, infection and edge dehiscence was noted in 8 cases. Late complication with insensate ulcers developed in 3 cases (1 cases in FCP flap, 2 cases in muscle flap). All ulcers healed spontaneously without surgical intervention. The postoperative average range of motion of ankle regained 52.79 degree in FCP flap group and 56.4 degree in muscle flap group. The ability of ambulation or exercise returned in 13 cases in FCP group (13/14) and 9 cases in muscle flap group (9/10). No differences of complication rate (P = .403), ROM (P = .363) or functional evaluation (P = .803) could be found between these two groups.ConclusionsBoth FCP flap and muscle flaps provided the similar and excellent functional results in resurfacing of heel‐calcaneal defects after long term follow up.
Limb‐sparing sarcoma reconstruction with functional composite thigh flaps
Authors: Stranix John T. , Lee Z‐Hye , Lam Gretl , Mirrer Joshua , Rapp Timothy , Saadeh Pierre B. 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionInnervated muscle transfer can improve functional outcomes after extensive limb‐sparing sarcoma resections. We report our experience using composite thigh flaps for functional reconstruction of large oncologic extremity defects.Patients and methodsBetween 2011 and 2014, four limb‐sparing oncologic resections (3 lower extremities, 1 upper extremity) underwent immediate functional reconstruction with composite thigh free flaps in three males and one female. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 73 years. There were 3 soft‐tissue sarcomas and one giant cell tumor, all required resection of entire muscle compartments. Flap components included fasciocutaneous tissue with sensory nerve, plicated iliotibial band (ITB), and variable amounts of motorized vastus lateralis (VL).ResultsAll flaps survived without complications. All patients showed VL motor innervation by six months. Follow‐up ranged from 20 to 36 months. Motor strength ranged from 2 to 5 out of 5, active range of motion was 25–92% of normal, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) Scores were between 22 and 29 out of 30.ConclusionsLimb‐sparing techniques for upper and lower extremity sarcomas continue to evolve. Our experience has validated the composite thigh free flap as an excellent option for one‐stage functional reconstruction of large limb defects.
Is adjustment disorder unidimensional or multidimensional? Implications for ICD‐11
Authors: Lorenz Louisa , Hyland Philip , Perkonigg Axel , Maercker Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn preparation for ICD‐11, the adjustment disorder (AjD) diagnosis has undergone considerable revisions; however, the latent structure of AjD remains uncertain. It is unclear whether AjD is best represented as a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. This study performed a comprehensive assessment of the latent structure of AjD symptomatology and assessed its concurrent and discriminant validity. Individuals who experienced involuntary job loss (N = 333) completed a self‐report measure of AjD symptoms. Seven alternative models of AjD were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. General psychological distress, impairment in social functioning, occupational self‐efficacy, and sense of coherence were used as criterion variables for construct validity. In the confirmatory factor analysis, a bifactor solution with one dominant general AjD factor and 5 correlated group factors (preoccupation, failure‐to‐adapt, avoidance, affective reaction, and impulsivity) provided optimal fit. As expected, the AjD factor showed strong positive associations with general psychological distress and impairments in social functioning and moderately negative associations with occupational self‐efficacy and sense of coherence. With regard to unidimensionality or multidimensionality of AjD symptoms, the current results indicate the plausibility of a unidimensional conceptualization. Future research should focus on essential key characteristics and a reduction of symptoms for the AjD definition.
Measuring the hierarchical general factor model of psychopathology in young adults
Authors: Lahey Benjamin B. , Zald David H. , Perkins Scott F. , Villalta‐Gil Victoria , Werts Katherine B. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Rathouz Paul J. , Applegate Brooks , Class Quetzal A. , Poore Holly E. , Watts Ashley L. , Waldman Irwin D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere is evidence that models of psychopathology specifying a general factor and specific second‐order factors fit better than competing structural models. Nonetheless, additional tests are needed to examine the generality and boundaries of the general factor model. In a selected second wave of a cohort study, first‐order dimensions of psychopathology symptoms in 499 23‐ to 31‐year‐old twins were analyzed. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a bifactor model specifying a general factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors fit better than competing models. Factor loadings in this model were sex invariant despite greater variances in the specific internalizing factor among females and greater variances in the general and specific externalizing factors among males. The bifactor structure was robust to the exclusion of any single first‐order dimension of psychopathology. Furthermore, the results were essentially unchanged when all overlapping symptoms that define multiple disorders were excluded from symptom dimensions. Furthermore, the best‐fitting bifactor model also emerged in exploratory structural equation modeling with freely estimated cross‐loadings. The general factor of psychopathology was robust across variations in measurement and analysis.
A Monte Carlo Method to Quantify the Effect of Reactor Residence Time Distribution on Polyolefins Made with Heterogeneous Catalysts: Part I—Catalyst/Polymer Particle Size Distribution Effects
Authors: Soares João B. P. , Romero Jazmín 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolyolefins are commercially produced in continuous reactors that have a broad residence time distribution (RTD). Most of these polymers are made with heterogeneous catalysts that also have a particle size distribution (PSD). These are totally segregated systems, in which the catalyst/polymer particle can be seen as a microreactor operated in semibatch mode, where the reagents (olefins, hydrogen, etc.) are fed continuously to the catalyst/polymer particle, but no polymer particle can leave. The reactor RTD has a large influence on the PSD of the polymer particles leaving the reactor, as well as in polymer microstructure and properties, polymerization yield, and composition of reactor blends. This article proposes a Monte Carlo model that can describe how particle RTD in a single or a series of reactors can affect the PSD of polymer particles made under a variety of operation conditions. It is believed that this is the most flexible model ever proposed to model this phenomenon, and can be easily modified to track all properties of interest during polyolefin production in continuous reactors with heterogeneous catalysts.
MicroRNA‐495‐3p functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating multiple epigenetic modifiers in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Eun Jung Woo , Kim Hyung Seok , Shen Qingyu , Yang Hee Doo , Kim Sang Yean , Yoon Jung Hwan , Park Won Sang , Lee Jung Young , Nam Suk Woo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) engage in complex interactions with the machinery that controls the transcriptome and concurrently target multiple mRNAs. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA‐495‐3p (miR‐495‐3p) functions as a potent tumor suppressor by governing ten oncogenic epigenetic modifiers (EMs) in gastric carcinogenesis. From the large cohort transcriptome datasets of gastric cancer (GC) patients available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we were able to recapitulate 15 EMs as significantly overexpressed in GC among the 51 EMs that were previously reported to be involved in cancer progression. Computational target prediction yielded miR‐495‐3p, which targets as many as ten of the 15 candidate oncogenic EMs. Ectopic expression of miRNA mimics in GC cells caused miR‐495‐3p to suppress ten EMs, and inhibited tumor cell growth and proliferation via caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent cell death processing. In addition, in vitro metastasis assays showed that miR‐495‐3p plays a role in the metastatic behavior of GC cells by regulating SLUG, vimentin, and N‐cadherin. Furthermore, treatment of GC cells with 5‐aza‐2'‐deoxcytidine restored miR‐495‐3p expression; sequence analysis revealed hypermethylation of the miR‐495‐3p promoter region in GC cells. A negative regulatory loop is proposed, whereby DNMT1, among ten oncogenic EMs, regulates miR‐495‐3p expression via hypermethylation of the miR‐495‐3p promoter. Our findings suggest that the functional loss or suppression of miR‐495‐3p triggers overexpression of multiple oncogenic EMs, and thereby contributes to malignant transformation and growth of gastric epithelial cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteogenomics Gets onto the Regulation of mRNA Decoding and Translation into Protein
Authors: Hondermarck Hubert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProteogenomics, the integrative analysis of the proteome and the genome, increasingly provides protein‐level insights about the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Armengaud et al. (Proteomics 2017, 17, 1700211) nicely illustrate this trend with the first in‐depth proteomic analysis of the eukaryotic and unicellular intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. Not only this work constitutes an important milestone toward the proteogenomics profile of this human pathogen, but also it demonstrates at the protein level the occurrence of a specific mechanism of mRNA decoding. GU‐rich motifs located downstream of mRNA polyadenylation sites create termination codons that ultimately result in the synthesis of proteins with lower molecular weight than predicted from gene sequence. Thus, the scope of proteogenomics now extends to the regulation of mRNA translation into proteins, providing a proof of concept for future studies in multicellular eukaryotes such as humans and plants.
Agrochemical lead optimization by scaffold hopping
Authors: Lamberth Clemens 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScaffold hopping, the exchange of a specific portion of a potential active ingredient with another substructure with the aim of finding isofunctional molecular structures with significantly different molecular backbones, often offers the chance in lead discovery or optimization to mitigate problems related to toxicity, intellectual property, and insufficient potency or stability. Scaffold hopping tools such as isosteric ring replacement including 1,3 nitrogen shift and cyclic imine–amide isosterism, but also ring opening and ring closure approaches, functional group isosterism, reversion of functional groups, chain shortening, chain lengthening, and scaffolds delivered by natural products, have become a permanent fixture of the innovation and optimization process in crop protection research. Their appropriate use will be explained through examples of success stories in the field of agrochemistry. Analogies to, but also differences from, the main categories of scaffold hopping in medicinal drug discovery are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic interactions between a variety of insecticides and an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor fungicide in dietary exposures of bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.)
Authors: Raimets Risto , Karise Reet , Mänd Marika , Kaart Tanel , Ponting Sally , Song Jimao , Cresswell James E 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, concern has been raised over honey bee colony losses, and also among wild bees there is evidence for extinctions and range contractions in Europe and North America. Pesticides have been proposed as a potential cause of this decline. Bees are exposed simultaneously to a variety of agrochemicals, which may cause synergistically detrimental impacts, which are incompletely understood. We investigated the toxicity of the fungicide imazalil in mixture with four common insecticides: fipronil (phenylpyrazoid), cypermethrin (pyrethroid), thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid (neonicotinoids). Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI) fungicides like imazalil can inhibit P450 detoxification systems in insects and therefore fungicide − insecticide co‐occurrence might produce synergistic toxicity in bees. We assessed the impact of dietary fungicide − insecticide mixtures on the mortality and feeding rates of laboratory bumble bees (Bombus terrestris L.).RESULTSRegarding mortality, imazalil synergised the toxicity of fipronil, cypermethrin and thiamethoxam, but not imidacloprid. We found no synergistic effects on feeding rates.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that P450‐based detoxification processes are differentially important in mitigating the toxicity of certain insecticides, even those of the same chemical class. Our evidence that cocktail effects can arise in bumble bees should extend concern about the potential impacts of agrochemical mixtures to include wild bee species in farmland. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of 1013 ohm Faraday cup current amplifiers for boron isotopic analyses by solution mode and laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Lloyd Nicholas S. , Sadekov Aleksey Yu. , Misra Sambuddha 
Published: October 2017

RationaleBoron isotope ratios (δ11B values) are used as a proxy for seawater paleo‐pH, amongst several other applications. The analytical precision can be limited by the detection of low intensity ion beams from limited sample amounts. High‐gain amplifiers offer improvements in signal/noise ratio and can be used to increase measurement precision and reduce sample amounts.Methods1013 ohm amplifier technology has previously been applied to several radiogenic systems, but has thus far not been applied to non‐traditional stable isotopes. Here we apply 1013 ohm amplifier technology for the measurement of boron isotope ratios using solution mode MC‐ICP‐MS and laser ablation mode (LA‐)MC‐ICP‐MS techniques. Precision is shown for reference materials as well as for low‐volume foraminifera samples.ResultsThe baseline uncertainty for a 0.1 pA 10B+ ion beam is reduced to <0.1 ‰ for a typical measurement period. The external precision is better than 0.2 ‰ (2SD) for δ11B measurements for solution samples containing as little as 0.8 ng total boron. For in situ microanalyses with LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, the external precision of 11B/10B from an in‐house calcite standard was 1 ‰ (2SD) for individual spot analyses, and 0.3 ‰ for the mean of ≥10 replicate spot analyses.Conclusions1013 ohm amplifier technology is demonstrated to offer advantages for the determination of δ11B values by both MC‐ICP‐MS and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS for small samples of biogenic carbonates, such as foraminifera shells. 1013 ohm amplifier technology will also be of benefit to other non‐traditional stable isotope measurements.
Bipolarity in planarians is not induced by space travel
Authors: Sluys Ronald , Stocchino Giacinta A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAvailable evidence strongly suggests that alternative, Earth‐bound explanations should be sought first for the occurrence of a single bipolar planarian flatworm returning from space travel. Double‐headed worms have been amply documented as arising under experimental conditions as well as spontaneously in stock cultures of planarians.
The scale problem in tackling diffuse water pollution from agriculture: Insights from the Avon Demonstration Test Catchment programme in England
Authors: Biddulph M. , Collins A.L. , Foster I.D.L. , Holmes N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMitigation of diffuse water pollution from agriculture is of concern in the United Kingdom, so that freshwater quality can be improved in line with environmental objectives. Targeted on‐farm mitigation is necessary for controlling sources of pollution to rivers; a positive impact must also be delivered at the subcatchment and catchment scales before good ecological status can be achieved. A farm on the River Sem in the Hampshire Avon Demonstration Test Catchment was selected for monitoring due to its degraded farmyard, track, and drainage ditch, which was targeted by the Demonstration Test Catchment programme for improvement using a treatment train of interventions. The river was monitored before and after, upstream and downstream, of the potential sources of pollution and subsequent mitigation, both locally at farm scale, and downstream at the subcatchment scale. Sediment was obtained from the riverbed using a conventional disturbance technique, and source samples were collected from across the subcatchment. Samples were analysed for geochemistry, mineral magnetism, and environmental radionuclide activity using the <63‐μm fraction, before sediment source fingerprinting was conducted to apportion sources. Source tracing revealed that, although the degraded farm track was experiencing channelized flow and erosion in the pre‐mitigation period, it was not a major sediment source even at farm scale. Repeat source apportionment during the pre‐ and post‐mitigation periods showed that the targeted treatment train did not result in statistically significant decreases in predicted contributions from the farm track sources at either scale. Sediment sources must be determined at a range of spatial scales to support effective mitigation.
Self‐Powered Nanoscale Photodetectors
Authors: Tian Wei , Wang Yidan , Chen Liang , Li Liang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNovel self‐powered nanoscale photodetectors that can work without an external power source, which have great application potential in next‐generation nanodevices that operate wirelessly and independently, are being widely studied. This review aims to give a comprehensive summary of the state‐of‐the‐art research results on self‐powered nanoscale photodetectors. An introduction of recent progress on Schottky junction photodetectors is provided. Two types of Schottky junctions are discussed in detail: metal–semiconductor and semiconductor–graphene junctions. Next, recent developments of p–n junction photodetectors are highlighted, including homojunction and heterojunction photodetectors. Then, piezo‐phototronic effect enhanced photodetection performances of Schottky junctions and p–n junctions are discussed. Then, significant results on the photoelectrochemical‐cell‐based photodetector and integrated self‐powered nanosystem are presented, followed by a systematic comparison of different types of photodetectors. Finally, a summary of the previous results is given, and the major challenges that need to be addressed in the future are outlined. The hope is that this review can provide valuable insights into the current status of self‐powered photodetectors and spur new structure and device designs to further enhance photodetection performance.
Optimizing Multiplexed Detections of Diabetes Antibodies via Quantitative Microfluidic Droplet Array
Authors: Duan Kai , Ghosh Gargi , Lo Joe Fujiou 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSensitive, single volume detections of multiple diabetes antibodies can provide immunoprofiling and early screening of at‐risk patients. To advance the state‐of‐the‐art suspension assays for diabetes antibodies, porous hydrogel droplets are leveraged in microfluidic serpentine arrays to enhance reagent transport. This spatially multiplexed assay is applied to the detection of antibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma‐associated protein 2. Optimization of assay protocol results in a shortened assay time of 2 h, with better than 20 pg mL Supporting Information detection limits across all three antibodies. Specificity and cross‐reactivity tests show negligible background, nonspecific antibody–antigen, and nonspecific antibody–antibody bindings. Multiplexed detections are able to measure within 15% of target concentrations from low to high ranges. The technique enables quantifications of as little as 8000 molecules in each 500 µm droplet in a single volume, multiplexed assay format, a breakthrough necessary for the adoption of diabetes panels for clinical screening and monitoring in the future.
Non‐invasive high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment of the placenta: a preliminary in‐vivo study using a simian model
Authors: Caloone J. , Huissoud C. , Kocot A. , Vincenot J. , Dehay C. , Giroud P. , Misery P. , Allias F. , Rudigoz R. C. , Melodelima D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the non‐invasive creation of placental lesions in a simian model.MethodsEight pregnant monkeys were exposed to HIFU treatment after anesthesia, using a toroidal HIFU 2.5‐MHz transducer with an integrated ultrasound imaging probe. Lesions on the placental tissue were created non‐invasively by placing the HIFU probe on the skin surface. Fetal and maternal parameters, such as maternal heart rate, fetal heart rate and subcutaneous and intra‐amniotic fluid temperature, were recorded during HIFU exposure. Cesarean section was performed immediately after the procedure to extract the placenta and examine the fetus and the maternal abdominal cavity. Placental HIFU lesions were assessed by ultrasound, gross pathology and histology.ResultsThe mean gestational age of the monkeys was 72 ± 4 days. In total, 13 HIFU procedures were performed. The acoustic power and exposure time were increased progressively. This gradual increase in total energy delivered was used to determine a set of parameters to create reproducible lesions in the placenta without complications. Five placental lesions were observed with average diameters of 6.4 ± 0.5 mm and 7.8 ± 0.7 mm and an average depth of 3.8 ± 1.5 mm. Ultrasound examination of the placentae revealed hyperechoic regions that correlated well with macroscopic analysis of the HIFU lesions. Necrosis of placental tissue exposed to HIFU was confirmed with macroscopic and microscopic analysis. There was no significant variation in maternal and fetal parameters during HIFU exposure.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of HIFU applied non‐invasively to the placental unit in an in‐vivo pregnant monkey model. The technique is safe in the immediate short term and is potentially translatable to human pregnancy. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.