bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologics for generalized pustular psoriasis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Bai-lin , Liu Qian-wei , Dong Xiao-wan , Bai Yan-ping 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening auto-inflammatory disease. Currently, there are no consensus-based guidelines or universally accepted treatments. Biologics represent a potential therapeutic option. This study systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of biologics in GPP.MethodsRelevant studies from three databases were systematically searched until June 28, 2024. Statistical information, including the single-arm proportion rate of the outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was analyzed to determine treatment effects. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² values, and subgroup analyses were performed based on drug targets and treatment durations. Data were quantitatively synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using R statistical software version 4.4.0.ResultsA total of 329 patients from 16 studies were included. The proportion of responders treated with IL-36 inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors is higher than those treated with TNF-α inhibitors and IL-23 inhibitors. IL-36 inhibitors appear to achieve the highest response rates between 4 and 8 weeks, while IL-17 inhibitors, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and IL-23 inhibitors show a gradual increase in response rates up to 12 weeks. IL-36 inhibitors achieve a 40% (95% CI: 27%-54%) GPPASI75 response rate and a 55% (95% CI: 41%-68%) GPPGA (0,1) response rate within 2 weeks, significantly outperforming other biologics. The recurrence rates of GPP within 52 weeks, ranked from highest to lowest, are: IL-36 inhibitors (21% [95% CI: 9%-28%]), TNF-alpha inhibitors (20% [95% CI: 2%-46%]), IL-17 inhibitors (15% [95% CI: 1%-37%]), and IL-23 inhibitors (5% [95% CI: 0%-29%]). Additionally, 6% (95% CI: 1%-11%) of patients experienced severe adverse events.DiscussionThis meta-analysis highlights the efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with GPP, offering valuable evidence to guide future clinical practice. IL-36 inhibitors show a faster and more substantial clinical response in GPP compared to other biologics. Further research is necessary to assess their role in specific subpopulations and to evaluate their potential long-term effects on flare prevention.
The biogeography of the mucosa-associated microbiome in health and disease
Authors: Sternes Peter R. , Shah Ayesha , Ayala Pintos Camila , Fairlie Thomas , Koloski Natasha , Kang Seungha , Tousignant Kaylyn D. , McIlroy Simon J. , Morrison Mark , Tyson Gene W. , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLittle is known about the biogeography of the mucosa associated microbiome (MAM) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) versus controls in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the links between the MAM, gastrointestinal symptoms, and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI).MethodsWe recruited 59 controls (without structural abnormalities and gastrointestinal symptoms), 44 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 31 with Crohn’s disease (CD). Biopsies from various segments of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract were collected. Microbial composition was assessed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis and the bacterial load of the mucosal biopsies were assessed via qPCR. The MAM was examined in the context of disease status, PPI usage, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, and the symptom response to a standardised nutrient challenge (SNC).ResultsMicrobial communities of the MAM in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract differed. IBD patients were characterised by relative and absolute depletion of numerous genera known to produce butyrate and/or propionate, with the largest differentiation being the depletion of Faecalibacterium in the lower gastrointestinal tract of CD patients. Notably, PPI users exhibited an enrichment of Faecalibacterium in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as the symptom response to the SNC, were significantly associated with MAM composition in the gastrointestinal tract.ConclusionThe absolute and relative composition of the MAM is variable across different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. These quantitative changes indicates that MAM can be targeted in specific segments of the GI tract to improve patient outcomes.
Exploring bispectral index as an alternative to polysomnography for long-term sleep monitoring in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Ge Qianqian , Chen Kaitian , Li Qinghua , Zhuang Yutong , Sun Peijian , Xu Long , He Jianghong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSleep plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity and recovery from brain injury, particularly in disorders of consciousness (DoC), including unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS). Traditional sleep monitoring methods like polysomnography (PSG) are complex and often impractical for long-term use in clinical settings.TargetThis study aimed to explore the utility of the Bispectral Index (BIS) as a more practical alternative for monitoring sleep patterns in DoC patients.MethodsWe conducted simultaneous PSG and BIS monitoring on 38 DoC patients (19 UWS and 19 MCS). The study focused on analyzing sleep timing distribution, the effectiveness of BIS in differentiating sleep stages, and its correlation with consciousness levels.ResultsOur findings revealed that DoC patients exhibited irregular and fragmented sleep patterns, necessitating extended monitoring periods. The BIS effectively differentiated various sleep stages, with significant differences in BIS values observed across these stages. However, BIS values did not show significant differences between UWS and MCS patients, indicating that BIS primarily indicates wakefulness rather than cognitive awareness. DoC patients have disturbed sleep-wake cycles that require prolonged monitoring. BIS can well distinguish sleep stages in DoC patients, and the distribution of values is similar to that of normal subjects. However, BIS could not distinguish the level of consciousness of DoC patients.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the potential of BIS as a practical tool for long-term sleep monitoring in DoC patients, offering a less intrusive alternative to traditional methods.
Effect of touch on proprioception: non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation suggests general arousal rather than tactile-proprioceptive integration
Authors: Tanner Justin , Orthlieb Gerrit , Helms Tillery Stephen 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionProprioceptive error of estimated fingertip position in two-dimensional space is reduced with the addition of tactile stimulation applied at the fingertip. Tactile input does not disrupt the participants’ estimation strategy, as the individual error vector maps maintain their overall structure. This relationship suggests integration of proprioception and tactile information improves proprioceptive estimation, which can also be improved with trained mental focus and attention. Task attention and arousal are physiologically regulated by the reticular activating system (RAS), a brainstem circuit including the locus coeruleus (LC). There is direct and indirect evidence that these structures can be modulated by non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation (nTNS), providing an opportunity to examine nTNS effect on the integrative relationship of proprioceptive and tactile information.MethodsFifteen right-handed participants performed a simple right-handed proprioceptive estimation task with tactile feedback (touch) and no tactile (hover) feedback. Participants repeated the task after nTNS administration. Stimulation was delivered for 10 min, and stimulation parameters were 3,000 Hz, 50 μs pulse width, with a mean of 7 mA. Error maps across the workspace are generated using polynomial models of the participants’ target responses.ResultsError maps did not demonstrate significant vector direction changes between conditions for any participant, indicating that nTNS does not disrupt spatial proprioception estimation strategies. A linear mixed model regression with nTNS epoch, tactile condition, and the interaction as factors demonstrated that nTNS reduced proprioceptive error under the hover condition only.DiscussionWe argue that nTNS does not disrupt spatial proprioceptive error maps but can improve proprioceptive estimation in the absence of tactile feedback. However, we observe no evidence that nTNS enhances tactile-proprioceptive integration as the touch condition does not exhibit significantly reduced error after nTNS.
Netrin-1 stimulated axon growth requires the polyglutamylase TTLL1
Authors: Northington Kyle R. , Calderon Jasmynn , Bates Emily A. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionIn the developing brain, neurons extend an axonal process through a complex and changing environment to form synaptic connections with the correct targets in response to extracellular cues. Microtubule and actin filaments provide mechanical support and drive axon growth in the correct direction. The axonal cytoskeleton responds to extracellular guidance cues. Netrin-1 is a multifunctional guidance cue that can induce alternate responses based on the bound receptor. The mechanism by which actin responds to Netrin-1 is well described. However, how Netrin-1 influences the microtubule cytoskeleton is less understood. Appropriate microtubule function is required for axon pathfinding, as mutations in tubulin phenocopy axon crossing defects of Netrin-1 and DCC mutants. Microtubule stabilization is required for attractive guidance cue response. The C-terminal tails of microtubules can be post-translationally modified. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) help control the microtubule cytoskeleton.MethodsWe measured polyglutamylation in cultured primary mouse cortical neurons before and after Netrin-1 stimulation. We used immunohistochemistry to measure how Netrin-1 stimulation alters microtubule-associated protein localization. Next, we manipulated TTLL1 to determine if Netrin-1-induced axon growth and MAP localization depend on polyglutamylation levels.ResultsIn this study, we investigated if Netrin-1 signaling alters microtubule PTMs in the axon. We found that microtubule polyglutamylation increases after Netrin-1 stimulation. This change in polyglutamylation is necessary for Netrin-1-induced axonal growth rate increases. We next determined that MAP1B and DCX localization changes in response to Netrin-1. These proteins can both stabilize the microtubule cytoskeleton and may be responsible for Netrin-1-induced growth response in neurons. The changes in DCX and MAP1B depend on TTLL1, a protein responsible for microtubule polyglutamylation.
Identifying atheroprotective fruits and vegetables by Mendelian Randomization analysis
Authors: Yang Shenji , Cao Zhikang , Liu Huidong , Li Zhipeng , Nie Shaoping , Xie Mingyong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundFruits and vegetables (FVs) are widely believed to mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the causal relationships between specific FVs and AS risk factors remain unclear.MethodsThis study performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to infer the causality of the intake of 28 kinds of FVs with AS, as well as its risk factors including blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP). GWAS genetic data for these exposures and outcomes were extracted from the IEU open GWAS project. Heterogeneity was evaluated using both Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger methods. MR-Egger regression was specifically deployed to detect potential pleiotropy. Furthermore, a “leave-one-out” sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of each individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the combined outcome.ResultsThe analysis confirms a causal relationship between total fruit consumption and reduced levels of LDL-C (OR = 0.911, p = 0.007) and CRP (OR = 0.868, p = 0.008). Similarly, total vegetable intake is also causally associated with a reduction in CRP levels (OR = 0.858, p = 0.018). Specifically, garlic intake exhibits the most significant causal relationship with reduced risk of AS (OR = 0.985, p = 0.036) and also causally associated with lower levels of LDL-C and TG. Berry (OR = 0.929, p = 0.010) and potato (OR = 0.957, p = 0.020) intake both display a significant causal negative association with TG levels, while peach/nectarine consumption is significantly associated with reduced CRP levels (OR = 0.913, p = 0.010).ConclusionThis is the first MR study that systemically examined the causality between commonly consumed FVs and AS. Our findings highlight the atheroprotective effects of various FVs, particularly garlic, on cardiovascular health and the importance of tailored nutritional recommendations to prevent AS.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue measured by computed tomography could be an independent predictor for early outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Shen Wenqi , Ni Jiajing , Xu Kaiwei , Xu Liu , Chen Chunqu , Wu Ruoyu , Hu Guotian , Wang Jianhua 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPatients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can experience protein loss due to the inflammatory response and energy consumption, impairing immune function. The presence of excessive visceral and heart fat leads to chronic long-term inflammation that can adversely affect immune function and, thus, outcomes for these patients. We aimed to explore the roles of prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and quantitative fat assessment based on computed tomography (CT) scans in predicting the outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsA total of 130 patients with severe COVID-19 who were treated between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023, were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into survival and death groups. Data on chest CT examinations following admission were collected to measure cardiac adipose tissue (CAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and to analyze the CT score of pulmonary lesions. Clinical information and laboratory examination data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with death, and several multivariate logistic regression models were established.ResultsOf the 130 patients included in the study (median age, 80.5 years; males, 32%), 68 patients died and 62 patients survived. PNI showed a strong association with the outcome of severe COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.001). Among each part of the fat volume obtained based on a CT scan, SAT showed a significant association with the mortality of severe COVID-19 patients (p = 0.007). However, VAT and CAT were not significantly correlated with the death of patients. In the multivariate models, SAT had a higher predictive value than PNI; the area under the curve (AUC) of SAT was 0.844, which was higher than that of PNI (AUC = 0.833), but in the model of the combination of the two indexes, the prediction did not improve (AUC = 0.830), and SAT lost its significance (p = 0.069).ConclusionSubcutaneous adipose tissue measured by computed tomography and PNI were found to be independent predictors of death in patients with severe COVID-19.
Associations between nine dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Duan Chenglin , Lv Meng , Shou Xintian , Chen Zizhen , Luan Yujie , Hu Yuanhui 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundVaried intake of dietary minerals critically affects cardiovascular health. This study examines the associations of nine dietary minerals intake with all-cause mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs).MethodsThis study analyzed 4,125 individuals with ASCVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, employing Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, weighted Cox models, and restricted cubic splines to assess linear and nonlinear relationships between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality. Associations across different body mass index (BMI) categories were also evaluated separately.ResultsOver 6.25 years of median follow-up, 1,582 deaths were documented. Adjusted for potential covariates, results show a negative linear correlation between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend &lt;0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile, all-cause mortality risk in the highest quartile was found to be 0.63 (95% CI 0.49–0.81). The associations between intake of the other eight dietary minerals and all-cause mortality were not robust. BMI significantly influenced the links between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality (p for interaction &lt;0.05). Across BMI categories, significant negative associations were found between intake of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and copper and all-cause mortality in underweight or normal weight groups. In overweight individuals, intake of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium was negatively linked to all-cause mortality. For obese groups, sodium intake negatively affected all-cause mortality (p for trend &lt;0.001).ConclusionUnlike other dietary minerals, increased magnesium intake significantly reduced all-cause mortality risk in ASCVD. BMI influenced the associations between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality.
Research on therapeutic clinical trials including immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xu Qi , Feng Xiaoyu , Qin Siyuan , Hong Yu , Cui Rui , Liang Jia , Xiao Zhuya , Li Yuan 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundBreast cancer, particularly triple-negative (TNBC), is a leading malignancy with aggressive traits and high metastasis rates. Clinical trial is an important tool for optimizing therapeutic strategies in the evaluation of the safety and efficacy for TNBC. Our bibliometric study of TNBC clinical trials aims to assess therapeutic strategies, identify trends, and explore advancements in treatment. We focus on mapping knowledge development, including key research entities and topics, and analyzing research trends and emerging methods. This analysis intends to inform future research, especially in personalized and precision medicine for TNBC.MethodsWe selected publications on clinical trials for the treatment of TNBC from 1997 to 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). After an initial screening, we downloaded key data including titles, publication years, authors, countries, institutional affiliations, journals, keywords, and abstracts, and saved them in BibTex format. We then conducted a bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix in R and VOSviewer to illustrate the prospects, highlights, and trends of TNBC treatment options. Furthermore, to emphasize the hot topics in TNBC treatment strategies, we performed a bibliometric analysis of immunotherapy using the same approach.Results1907 publications were included, most of which were from China, Italy, and the United States. The number of annual publications has increased dramatically since 2010. The focus of TNBC clinical trial research has shifted from understanding the biology, such as breast cancer subtyping and genotyping, to novel therapeutic approaches. The major advancement in clinical trials is the switch from late-stage palliative treatment to early preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, as more TNBC cases are discovered at an early stage. Immunotherapy is also highlighted with additional alternatives for advanced or metastasized TNBC, such as targeted inhibitors with unusual mutation rates and antibody drug conjugates (ADC).ConclusionsThis investigation made it apparent how immunotherapy has recently made major advancements in TNBC treatment plans and how ADCs, or targeted therapies, are currently popular for TNBC. By identifying significant papers, comprehending trending topics, and collaborating across multiple disciplines, this study may accelerate research on TNBC therapy options.
Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy between imaging features and iodine density values for predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lv Jian , Li Xin , Mu Ronghua , Zheng Wei , Yang Peng , Huang Bingqin , Liu Fuzhen , Liu Xiaomin , Song Zhixuan , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhu Xiqi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, studies have confirmed the predictive capability of spectral computer tomography (CT) in determining microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Discrepancies in the predicted MVI values between conventional CT imaging features and spectral CT parameters necessitate additional validation.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 105 cases of small HCC were reviewed, and participants were divided into MVI-negative (n=53, Male:48 (90.57%); mean age, 59.40 ± 11.79 years) and MVI-positive (n=52, Male:50(96.15%); mean age, 58.74 ± 9.21 years) groups using pathological results. Imaging features and iodine density (ID) obtained from three-phase enhancement spectral CT scans were gathered from all participants. The study evaluated differences in imaging features and ID values of HCC between two groups, assessing their diagnostic accuracy in predicting MVI occurrence in HCC patients. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of imaging features and ID in predicting MVI was compared.ResultsSignificant differences were noted in the presence of mosaic architecture, nodule-in-nodule architecture, and corona enhancement between the groups, all with p-values &lt; 0.001. There were also notable disparities in IDs between the two groups across the arterial phase, portal phase, and delayed phases, all with p-values &lt; 0.001. The imaging features of nodule-in-nodule architecture, corona enhancement, and nonsmooth tumor margin demonstrate significant diagnostic efficacy, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.761, 0.742, and 0.752, respectively. In spectral CT analysis, the arterial, portal, and delayed phase IDs exhibit remarkable diagnostic accuracy in detecting MVI, with AUCs of 0.821, 0.832, and 0.802, respectively. Furthermore, the combined models of imaging features, ID, and imaging features with ID reveal substantial predictive capabilities, with AUCs of 0.846, 0.872, and 0.904, respectively. DeLong test results indicated no statistically significant differences between imaging features and IDs.ConclusionsSubstantial differences were noted in imaging features and ID between the MVI-negative and MVI-positive groups in this study. The ID and imaging features exhibited a robust diagnostic precision in predicting MVI. Additionally, our results suggest that both imaging features and ID showed similar predictive efficacy for MVI.