bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening sunscreens: protecting the biomechanical barrier function of skin from solar ultraviolet radiation damage
Authors: Berkey C. , Biniek K. , Dauskardt R. H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveSolar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ubiquitous in human life and well known to cause skin damage that can lead to harmful conditions such as erythema. Although sunscreen is a popular form of protection for some of these conditions, it is unclear whether sunscreen can maintain the mechanical barrier properties of skin. The objective of this study was to determine whether in vitro thin‐film mechanical analysis techniques adapted for biological tissue are able to characterize the efficacy of commonly used UV inhibitors and commercial sunscreens to protect the biomechanical barrier properties of stratum corneum (SC) from UV exposure.MethodsThe biomechanical properties of SC samples were assayed through measurements of the SC's drying stress profile and delamination energy. The drying stresses within SC were characterized from the curvature of a borosilicate glass substrate onto which SC had been adhered. Delamination energies were characterized using a double‐cantilever beam (DCB) cohesion testing method. Successive DCB specimens were prepared from previously separated specimens by adhering new substrates onto each side of the already tested specimen to probe delamination energies deeper into the SC. These properties of the SC were measured before and after UV exposure, both with and without sunscreens applied, to determine the role of sunscreen in preserving the barrier function of SC.ResultsThe drying stress in SC starts increasing sooner and rises to a higher plateau stress value after UVA exposure as compared to non‐UV‐exposed control specimens. For specimens that had sunscreen applied, the UVA‐exposed and non‐UV‐exposed SC had similar drying stress profiles. Additionally, specimens exposed to UVB without protection from sunscreen exhibited significantly lower delamination energies than non‐UV‐exposed controls. With commercial sunscreen applied, the delamination energy for UV‐exposed and non‐UV‐exposed tissue was consistent, even up to large doses of UVB.ConclusionIn vitro thin‐film mechanical analysis techniques can readily characterize the effects of SC's exposure to UV radiation. The methods used in this study demonstrated commercial sunscreens were able to preserve the biomechanical properties of SC during UV exposure, thus indicating the barrier function of SC was also maintained.
Martin Luther's Theology of Creation
Authors: Schwanke Johannes 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article considers Luther's theology of creation with a view to the contemporary relevance of its fundamental standpoint. For some, the writers of past generations who do not share our scientific and cultural standpoint ought to be excluded from discussions of the theology of creation, but I argue that consideration of the individual, contemporary, corporeal and dialogical character of Luther's theology of creation shows that it contains a great deal from which we can learn today.
Cultural perceptions and clinical experiences of nursing students in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Karatay G. , Bowers B. , Karadağ E.B. , Demir M.C. 
Published: September 2016

AimThis study explored Turkish nursing students’ perceptions of providing care to patients culturally different from themselves.BackgroundIncreasing migration will increase the need for nurses to provide care across cultural groups.MethodsTwenty one students in the second year of a 4‐year nursing programme participated in 3 focus groups. Data were analysed using directed content analysis. Research questions were based on Campinha‐Bacote's model.ResultsThree themes were identified: perceived cultural barriers, perceived cultural facilitators and identifying culturally sensitive actions. Generally, students were able to define culture but were unable to say how culture would affect nursing practice.DiscussionStudents were unprepared to practice in a multicultural setting. Cultural awareness is insufficient for determining how to respond to cultural differences.LimitationsThe study is limited by its restriction to a single school of nursing and a single curriculum.ConclusionsThe multiple, ongoing political, religious and ethnic conflicts will require nurses to provide care to patients from other cultural groups, in some instances to people identified as adversaries to the group the nurse may represent. Understanding cultural differences is insufficient to do this effectively.Implications for nursing educationLearning culturally competent care requires opportunities to provide, be guided through and reflect on care to individuals from different cultural groups.Implications for organizational and public policiesStandards for culturally competent care should be adopted by all care delivery settings. Public and organizational policies openly declaring healthcare settings as cultural safe zones, and explicit organizational commitment to culturally safe care, would set clear expectations for providers and help ensure a positive patient experience.
Reproductive traits of the acanthocephalanNeoechinorhynchus brentnickoliin the definitive host
Authors: Violante‐González Juan , Villalba‐Vásquez Princessa J. , Monks Scott , García‐Ibáñez Sergio , Rojas‐Herrera Agustín A. , Flores‐Garza Rafael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Acanthocephala constitute a group of helminth parasites that, as adults, infect all classes of vertebrates. Adults ofNeoechinorhynchus brentnickoliare parasites ofDormitator latifrons, a commercially important fish species in Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. The aim of this study was to describe features of the reproductive biology of this acanthocephalan. Fish were collected from Laguna de Tres Palos during February 2012 to February 2013. The number of fish that were examined (n=688) ranged from 35 (June) to 70 (August) in each collection. The prevalence of infection was more than 90% during this period and mean abundance varied significantly from 32.3 worms per fish (July 2012) to 89.3 worms per fish (March 2012). Acanthocephalans were reproductively active during the whole year. The stomach was the region of the digestive tract with the smallest percentage of helminths, and females were more abundant than males in all sections of the intestine. Larger male and female worms were always located in the more posterior sections of the digestive tract. The mean length at which 50% of individuals reached sexual maturity was 2.9 mm for females and 2.3 mm for males. Relative fecundity increased with length in females.
Deconstructing negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: Lalezari Shadi , Lee Christine J , Borovikova Anna A , Banyard Derek A , Paydar Keyianoosh Z , Wirth Garrett A , Widgerow Alan D 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSince its introduction 20 years ago for the treatment of chronic wounds, negative pressure wound therapy use has expanded to a variety of other wound types. Various mechanisms of action for its efficacy in wound healing have been postulated, but no unifying theory exists. Proposed mechanisms include induction of perfusion changes, microdeformation, macrodeformation, exudate control and decreasing the bacterial load in the wound. We surmise that these different mechanisms have varying levels of dominance in each wound type. Specifically, negative pressure wound therapy is beneficial to acute open wounds because it induces perfusion changes and formation of granulation tissue. Post‐surgical incisional wounds are positively affected by perfusion changes and exudate control. In the context of chronic wounds, negative pressure wound therapy removes harmful and corrosive substances within the wounds to affect healing. When skin grafts and dermal substitutes are used to close a wound, negative pressure wound therapy is effective in promoting granulation tissue formation, controlling exudate and decreasing the bacterial load in the wound. In this review, we elucidate some of the mechanisms behind the positive wound healing effects of negative pressure wound therapy, providing possible explanations for these effects in different wound types.
Gender and socio‐economic inequalities in health and living conditions among co‐resident informal caregivers: a nationwide survey in Spain
Authors: Abajo María , Rodríguez‐Sanz Maica , Malmusi Davide , Salvador María , Borrell Carme 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the associations between social determinants, caregiver's network support, burden of care and their consequences in health and living conditions of informal caregivers.BackgroundThe socio‐demographic trends regarding population ageing and changes in family models trigger an increased demand for care.DesignCross‐sectional study based on the 2008 edition of the National Disability, Independence and Dependency Situations Survey (DIDSS‐2008) conducted by the National Statistics Institute in Spain.MethodsAnalyses focused on persons identified as primary caregivers who co‐reside with the dependent person. The associations between social determinants of caregivers, burden of care, support network and problems attributed to informal care (impaired health, depression, professional, economic and personal issues) were estimated by fitting robust Poisson regression models. Analyses were conducted separately for women and men.ResultsThe study sample included 6923 caregivers, 73% of women and 27% of men. Gender and socio‐economic inequalities were found in assumption of responsibilities and burden of caring for dependents, which tend to fall more on women and persons of lower socio‐economic level, who in turn have less access to formal support. These aspects translate into a higher prevalence of health, professional, economic and personal problems.ConclusionsThe study highlights gender and socio‐economic inequalities in informal caregiving and its negative consequences. These findings may be useful in the design of policies and support programmes targeting the most affected groups of informal caregivers.
The possible roles of B‐cell novel protein‐1 (BCNP1) in cellular signalling pathways and in cancer
Authors: Patel Sapan J. , Trivedi Gaurang L. , Darie Costel C. , Clarkson Bayard D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractB‐cell novel protein‐1 (BCNP1) or Family member of 129C (FAM129C) was identified as a B‐cell‐specific plasma‐membrane protein. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that BCNP1 might be heavily phosphorylated. The BCNP1 protein contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two proline‐rich (PR) regions and a Leucine Zipper (LZ) domain suggesting that it may be involved in protein‐protein interactions. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets, we investigated the correlation of alteration of the BCNP1 copy‐number changes and mutations in several cancer types. We also investigated the function of BCNP1 in cellular signalling pathways. We found that BCNP1 is highly altered in some types of cancers and that BCNP1 copy‐number changes and mutations co‐occur with other molecular alteration events for TP53 (tumour protein P53), PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐Bisphosphate 3‐Kinase, Catalytic Subunit Alpha), MAPK1 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐1; ERK: extracellular signal regulated kinase), KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) and AKT2 (V‐Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2). We also found that PI3K (Phoshoinositide 3‐kinase) inhibition and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase) activation leads to reduction in phosphorylation of BCNP1 at serine residues, suggesting that BCNP1 phosphorylation is PI3K and p38MAPK dependent and that it might be involved in cancer. Its degradation depends on a proteasome‐mediated pathway.
MicroRNA‐21 protects against cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy in H9c2 cells via the Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Huang Zhouqing , Wu Shengjie , Kong Fanqi , Cai Xueli , Ye Bozhi , Shan Peiren , Huang Weijian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs and autophagy play critical roles in cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced injury. Here, we investigated the function of miR‐21 in regulating autophagy and identified the potential molecular mechanisms involved. To determine the role of miR‐21 in regulating autophagy, H9c2 cells were divided into the following six groups: control group, H/R group, (miR‐21+ H/R) group, (miR‐21‐negative control + H/R) group, (BEZ235+ H/R) group and (miR‐21+ BEZ235+ H/R) group. The cells underwent hypoxia for 1 hr and reoxygenation for 3 hrs. Cell count kit‐8 was used to evaluate cell function and apoptosis was analysed by Western blotting. Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate autophagy. We found that miR‐21 expression was down‐regulated, and autophagy was remarkably increased in H9c2 cells during H/R injury. Overexpression of miR‐21 with a miR‐21 precursor significantly inhibited autophagic activity and decreased apoptosis, accompanied by the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. In addition, treatment with BEZ235, a novel dual Akt/mTOR inhibitor, resulted in a significant increase in autophagy and apoptosis. However, we found that miR‐21‐mediated inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy was partly independent of Akt/mTOR activation, as demonstrated in cells treated with both miR‐21 and BEZ235. We showed that miR‐21 could inhibit H/R‐induced autophagy and apoptosis, which may be at least partially mediated by the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
Dermatological emergencies: evolution from 2008 to 2014 and perspectives
Authors: Isnard C. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Fardet L. , Matteodo E. , Duval S. , Hemery F. , Khellaf M. , Duong T.‐A. , Chosidow O. , Wolkenstein P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundOur dermatological department includes a dermatological emergency unit (DEU) whose activity has grown in recent years.ObjectivesAn audit to characterize the activity of our DEU and its evolution in terms of medical demographics of the area.MethodsWe collected the following data from administrative services: number of patients consulting each year in the DEU and in the general emergency unit (GEU) of our hospital between 2008 and 2014; daily and seasonal activity of the DEU; occurrence of a second event in the department and proportion of patients from the DEU who were hospitalized and why. From the medical charts of a random sample of patients consulting in the first 15 days of January and August 2014, we studied the epidemiological profile, time to consultation and diagnoses. Data related to medical demographics (number of general practitioners and dermatologists) between 2007 and 2014 and projections were obtained.ResultsThe activity in the DEU increased by 67% between 2008 and 2014 but remained stable in the GEU over the same period. The activity was higher on Mondays and in the summer (+30%). More than 15% of the patients were seen a second time in outpatient consultation; 1.2% were hospitalized. Infectious dermatosis was the main reason for consultation; seasonal‐disease consultations were more frequent in the summer. Less than 40% of patients consulted in the first week after disease onset. Medical demographics continually decreased since 2007 in Paris and suburbs and will continue to decrease in the next years.ConclusionThe increasing activity of our DEU parallels the decrease in medical demographics in Paris. The proportion of patients hospitalized was low, in part due to specific healthcare networks implemented for some life‐threatening dermatoses independent of the DEU. A better coordination between hospital and private practitioners for managing dermatologic emergencies, taking into account the decrease in medical demographics, is warranted.
Why quality of life measurement is important in dermatology clinical practice
Authors: Finlay A.Y. , Salek M.S. , Abeni D. , Tomás‐Aragonés L. , van Cranenburgh O.D. , Evers A.W.M. , Jemec G.B.E. , Linder D. , Manolache L. , Marrón S.E. , Prinsen C.A.C. , Susitaival P. , Chernyshov P.V. ,   the EADV Task Force on Quality of Life
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the many ways in which quality of life (QoL) measurement may potentially be advantageous in routine clinical dermatology practice. Thirteen members of the EADV Task Force on Quality of Life, eight dermatologists, three health psychologists, one epidemiologist and one pharmacoepidemiologist, independently listed all of the ways they thought this may be advantageous. A total of 108 different ways of using QoL information in clinical practice were suggested (median per participant = 8, range = 4–15), and were classified into 20 descriptive groups. These were sorted into the following five categories: inform clinical decisions, clinician–patient communication, awareness of skin disease burden, informing the consultation and clinical service administration. The wide range of potential benefits identified may not only encourage clinicians to use these measures but also highlights many areas requiring evidence to establish the true value of routine use of QoL measures.
Periodontitis as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Dementia: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Yao‐Tung , Lee Hsin‐Chien , Hu Chaur‐Jongh , Huang Li‐Kai , Chao Shu‐Ping , Lin Chia‐Pei , Su Emily Chia‐Yu , Lee Yi‐Chen , Chen Chu‐Chieh 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor for dementia.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNational Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with periodontitis (n = 3,028) and an age‐ and sex‐matched control group (n = 3,028).MeasurementsIndividuals with periodontitis were compared age‐ and sex‐matched controls with for incidence density and hazard ratio (HR) of new‐onset dementia. Periodontitis was defined according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes 523.3–5 diagnosed by dentists. To ensure diagnostic validity, only those who had concurrently received antibiotic therapies, periodontal treatment other than scaling, or scaling more than twice per year performed by certified dentists were included. Dementia was defined according to ICD‐9‐CM codes 290.0–290.4, 294.1, 331.0–331.2.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of developing dementia was calculated to be higher for participants with periodontitis (HR = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.32, P = .03) than for those without.ConclusionPeriodontitis is associated with greater risk of developing dementia. Periodontal infection is treatable, so it might be a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Clinicians must devote greater attention to this potential association in an effort to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies for dementia.
Attitudes to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children in two early parenting services in Australia
Authors: Bennett Elaine , Berry Karen , Emeto Theophilus I , Burmeister Oliver K , Young Jeanine , Shields Linda 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the attitudes to and knowledge and beliefs about homosexuality of nurses and allied professionals in two early parenting services in Australia.BackgroundEarly parenting services employ nurses and allied professionals. Access and inclusion policies are important in community health and early childhood service settings. However, little is known about the perceptions of professionals who work within early parenting services in relation to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families.DesignThis is the final in a series of studies and was undertaken in two early parenting services in two states in Australia using a cross‐sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approaches.MethodsValidated questionnaires were completed by 51 nurses and allied professionals and tested with chi‐squared test of independence (or Fisher's exact test), Mann–WhitneyU‐test, Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance or Spearman's rank correlation. Thematic analysis examined qualitative data collected in a box for free comments.ResultsOf the constructs measured by the questionnaires, no significant relationships were found in knowledge, attitude and gay affirmative practice scores by sociodemographic variables or professional group. However, attitude scores towards lesbians and gay men were significantly negatively affected by conservative political affiliation (p = 0·038), held religious beliefs (p = 0·011) and frequency of praying (p = 0·018). Six overall themes were found as follows: respect, parenting role, implications for the child, management, disclosure, resources and training.ConclusionsThe study provided an in‐depth analysis of the attitudes, knowledge and beliefs of professionals in two early parenting services, showing that work is needed to promote acceptance of diversity and the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families in planning, developing, evaluating and accessing early parenting services.Relevance to clinical practiceAccess and inclusion plans for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families are crucial in early parenting services in Australia and should be included in professional development programmes.
Reasons for family involvement in elective surgical decision‐making in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Authors: Lin Mei‐Ling , Huang Chuen‐Teng , Chen Ching‐Huey 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo inquire into the reasons for family involvement in adult patients’ surgical decision‐making processes from the point of view of the patients’ family.BackgroundMaking a patient the centre of medical decision‐making is essential for respecting individual's autonomy. However, in a Chinese society, family members are often deeply involved in a patient's medical decision‐making. Although family involvement has long been viewed as an aspect of the Chinese culture, empirical evidence of the reasons for family involvement in medical decision‐making has been lacking.DesignA qualitative study.MethodIn order to record and examine reasons for family involvement in adult patients’ surgical decision‐making, 12 different family members of 12 elective surgery patients were interviewed for collecting and analysing data.ResultsThree major reasons for family involvement emerged from the data analyses: (1) to share responsibility; (2) to ensure the correctness of medical information; and (3) to safeguard the patient's well‐being. These findings also reveal that culture is not the only reason for family involvement.ConclusionsMaking decision to undergo a surgery is a tough and stressful process for a patient. Family may provide the patient with timely psychological support to assist the patient to communicate with his or her physician(s) and other medical personnel to ensure their rights. It is also found that due to the imbalanced doctor–patient power relationship, a patient may be unable, unwilling to, or even dare not, tell the whole truth about his or her illness or feelings to the medical personnel. Thus, a patient would expect his or her family to undertake such a mission during the informed consent and decision‐making processes.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study may provide medical professionals with relevant insights into family involvement in adult patients’ surgical decision‐making.