bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Young Children From Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A Pilot Study of Project Zero Exposure
Authors: Rosen Laura , Guttman Nurit , Myers Vicki , Brown Nili , Ram Amit , Hovell Mel , Breysse Patrick , Rule Ana , Berkovitch Mati , Zucker David 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) harms children, who are often “captive smokers” in their own homes. Project Zero Exposure is a parent-oriented, theory-based intervention designed to reduce child TSE. This paper reports on findings from the pilot study, which was conducted in Israel from 2013 to 2014.

METHODS:
The intervention consisted of motivational interviews, child biomarker and home air quality feedback, a Web site, a video, and self-help materials. The primary outcome was child TSE as measured by hair nicotine. Secondary outcome measures were air nicotine and particulate matter, parental reports of TSE, parental smoking behavior, and TSE child protection. A single-group pre- and posttest design was used.

RESULTS:
Twenty-six of the 29 recruited families completed the study. The intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to participants. Among the 17 children with reliable hair samples at baseline and follow-up, log hair nicotine dropped significantly after the intervention (P = .04), hair nicotine levels decreased in 64.7% of children, and reductions to levels of nonexposed children were observed in 35.3% of children. The number of cigarettes smoked by parents (P = .001) and parent-reported child TSE declined (P = .01). Logistical issues arose with measurement of all objective measures, including air nicotine, which did not decline; home air particulate matter; and hair nicotine.

CONCLUSIONS:
A program based on motivational interviewing and demonstrating TSE and contamination to parents in a concrete and easily understandable way is a promising approach to protect children from TSE. Further research is needed to enhance current methods of measurement and assess promising interventions.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Validity of Self-Report in Low-Income Women and Children in India
Authors: Elf Jessica L. , Kinikar Aarti , Khadse Sandhya , Mave Vidya , Gupte Nikhil , Kulkarni Vaishali , Patekar Sunita , Raichur Priyanka , Cohen Joanna , Breysse Patrick N. , Gupta Amita , Golub Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
There is limited validation of self-reported measures for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated the validity of standard self-reported measures among women and children in urban India.

METHODS:
Structured questionnaires were administered, and household air and hair samples were analyzed for nicotine concentration.

RESULTS:
In total, 141 households of 70 child and 71 adult participants were included. Air nicotine was detected in 72 (51%) homes, and 35 (75%) child and 12 (56%) adult participants had detectable hair nicotine. Correlation between air and hair nicotine was significant in children (r = 0.5; P = .0002) but not in adults (r = −0.1; P = .57). Poor correlation was found between self-reported measures of exposure and both air and hair nicotine. No questions were significantly correlated with hair nicotine, and the highest-magnitude correlation with air nicotine was for how often someone smoked inside for adults (r = 0.4; P = .10) and for home preparation of mishri (a smokeless tobacco product prepared for consumption by roasting) for children (r = 0.4; P = .39). The highest value for sensitivity by using air nicotine as the gold standard was for whether people smelled other families preparing mishri (47%; 95% confidence interval: 31–62) and prepared mishri in their own homes (50%; 95% confidence interval: 19–81).

CONCLUSIONS:
These results raise caution in using or evaluating self-reported SHS exposure in these communities. More appropriate questions for this population are needed, including mishri preparation as a source of SHS exposure.
Tobacco Control Laws and Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Hatoun Jonathan , Davis-Plourde Kendra , Penti Brian , Cabral Howard , Kazis Lewis 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases pediatric asthma severity. Strict, state-level tobacco control reduces smoking. The Child Asthma Call-Back Survey (Child ACBS) is a nationally representative survey of the guardians of children with asthma. The American Lung Association’s annual State of Tobacco Control report grades tobacco control laws in each state including a tax grade (cigarette excise tax relative to the national mean), and a smoke-free air grade (number of locations where smoking is prohibited).

METHODS:
We joined Child ACBS data from 2006 to 2010 with corresponding state and year tobacco grades. In the primary analysis, we investigated the effect of state tax grades on a child’s asthma severity by using a logistic regression model adjusting for year. A secondary analysis assessed the impact of smoke-free air grades on in-home smoking.

RESULTS:
Our analysis included 12 860 Child ACBS interviews from 35 states over 5 years, representing over 24 million individuals. We merged 112 unique State of Tobacco Control grades with patient data by state and year. A higher tax grade was associated with reduced severity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.40; P = .007, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.80). A better smoke-free air grade was not associated with decreased in-home smoking after adjusting for confounding by income and type of residence.

CONCLUSIONS:
A stronger tobacco tax is associated with reduced asthma severity. Further study is needed to determine the effect of smoke-free air laws on in-home environmental. This work supports ongoing efforts to strengthen tobacco control through federal and state regulations.
Foreign Languages and Creativity — The Quiet Connection in a Globalized/Interconnected World How focusing on "deep work" can help foster creativity, and foreign language competency
Authors: Stein-Smith Kathleen 
Published: January 2018

This article examines the significance of foreign language learning and multilingualism in the development of those habits of mind that foster creative thought, critical thinking, and analytical skills, all needed in the globalized interconnected world and workplace -- particularly, the role of solitude and quiet in the development of creativity and critical thinking, as well as the deep, although seldom mentioned, paradoxical, significance of quiet, and even silence, in the foreign language learning process. In addition to the traditional and contemporary reasons for studying a foreign language for cultural and communicative reasons, this article demonstrates that foreign language as a discipline develops the ability to focus through often solitary "deep work" and "deep practice" on the development of foreign languages skills that can be generalized to other subjects and tasks across the disciplines and across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Many Languages One World (MLOW) offers an illustrative example of the ability of students who have mastered other languages to turn their ability to quietly focus, in solitude, to the creation of their winning essays, to collaborative teamwork in developing a UN presentation on the Sustainable Development Goals, and to the creation and delivery of their part of the team presentation. Future steps include incorporation of the silent period into foreign language education to foster sustainable creativity, as well as inclusion of this additional benefit of foreign language learning in promotion and advocacy for foreign languages at all levels.
Language Function Used in ELT Textbook Focused on Medical Conversation
Authors: Susanthi I Gusti Ayu Agung Dian , Pastika I Wayan , Yadnya Ida Bagus Putra , Satyawati Made Sri 
Published: January 2018

The study of language in use has become a crucial issue in every branch of study, such as medical, politics, economics, etc. In doing the interaction for those purposes people use language. The theme of this research is language in use in medical conversation, the data taken from the midwifery conversation of some textbooks of English language teaching for midwifery. This study tries to reveal the language in use in midwifery conversation. On the basis of this research, the question rises as: What kind of language functions used in midwifery conversation? In order to answer this question the theories of language in used proposed by some experts such as Leech (1974), Cook (1994) and Halliday (1985) used as references in this study. However the formulation of language in use redesigned based on the general guidelines in giving the counseling to the patient found in three ELT textbooks mostly used in Indonesian universities especially for midwifery students, this research also presents the occurrence of macro and micro language functions, moreover this research reveals the language in use both in English and Indonesian, thus it helps the teachers in stressing every point of language in use, so that they can easy to teach the expressions and the grammar which can be used in the conversation both in English and Indonesian.
Morphology and anatomy: leaf, petiole and seed of Disospyros kaki Thunb. (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Paudel Niroj , Heo Kweon 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <em><span lang="EN-IN">Disospyros Kaki</span></em><span lang="EN-IN"> Thunb. is native in Asia has fleshy fruit. The anatomy of leaf, petiole and seed coat is the additional role for the phylogeny of the plant</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Plant material was <em>Dipospyros Kaki</em> Thunb. was selected and the experiment was done using the resin methods. For epidermal cell and stomata, we peeled the epidermal layer after that photograph was taken. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Presence of trichome hair, the density of stomata, bicollatrol type of vascular bundle, testal layer, seed xylem were the distinguishing characteristics of the plant which focus on the Ebenaceae</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Presence of trichome and vascular bundle is importance for the phylogeny of the plant. </span></p>
A clinical study on genital warts and HIV in Bangladesh
Authors: Jakir Hossain Md. , Siddiqi Muhammad Afser , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Khan Khairun Nahar , Imtiaj Ahmed 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Like other sexually<strong> </strong>transmitted diseases (STD), ano-genital warts (AGW) is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and this study of AGW was conducted among HIV positive and HIV negative patients. The aim of the study was to study the risk factors and clinical presentations of ano-genital warts in HIV infected patients</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A comparative, cross-sectional, descriptive study of 25 HIV positive and 25 HIV negative (n=50) AGW patients between 15-60 years of both sex was conducted in Northern part of Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2016. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Significant association of HIV positivity (p&lt;0.05) was<strong> </strong>observed between age group of 15-30 years and HIV negative status (p&lt;0.05) in age group of 31-45 years. HIV positive status significantly higher in patients with self-admitted multiple sexual partners (p&lt;0.01), homosexuality (p&lt;0.05) and presentation with anal warts (p&lt;0.01). HIV negative status correlated significantly with single sexual partner admission (p&lt;0.01) and hetero-sexuality (p&lt;0.05). Gender did not show significant association with number of sexual partners or HIV positivity. Extra-genital or only genital warts had no association with HIV status. Co-STDs though more in number in seropositive group, did not show any significant association with HIV positivity (p&gt;0.05). No patient presented with changes of malignancy. Four were adolescents below 19 years. Two patients had atypical presentations of giant condylomata i.e., Buschke-Lowenstein tumour (BLT)</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">HIV positivity was significantly associated with<strong> </strong>the risk factors of age below 30 years, homo sexuality and multiple sexual partners. Anal warts were significantly common in HIV positive patients. Four adolescents with AGW underline the need for high risk behaviour counselling. No patient had malignant AGW. Follow up of these patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) sub-typing is necessary. </span></p>
Analysis of frequency and risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Shrestha Abha 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses are at greater risk of developing fetal hypoxia, neonatal complications, impaired neurodevelopment, and also neonatal intensive care unit stay and neonatal mortality. They are also known to develop metabolic syndrome in adult life. So, the main objective of this study was to find out the frequency of intrauterine growth restriction, to identify the maternal and placental risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction and its perinatal outcome amongst pregnant women attending the Obstetric Outpatient Department in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective study was conducted from June 2011 to June 2017, at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal. A singleton pregnancy, above 28 weeks of gestation with clinical diagnosis of IUGR and confirmed by ultrasonography were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Maternal risk factors like preeclampsia, anaemia, low pregnancy body mass index and placental factors like retroplacental hemorrhage were mainly responsible for intrauterine growth restriction</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Antenatal risk factors responsible for IUGR are important for the management of IUGR pregnancies and to prevent adverse perinatal outcome. </span></p>
Assessment of medication prescription pattern at Bole health center, Ethiopia
Authors: Jabo Sahle Asfaw , Tebeka Abubeker Goitabe , Asebe Degemu S. , Beri Frehiwot Zerihun , Temesgen Dejen Melese , Beyene Abebech Tefera , Gemeda Hirut Basha , Genemo Aliyi Amano , Arega Eyob Debebe , Yilma Feven Negash 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Inappropriate use of medicines becomes a common global problem. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Bole health center, using some of the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the current prescribing practices at the health center. A sample of 720 prescriptions was selected by using stratified random sampling method from 11,040 prescriptions written for the 5 month period from August 1- December 30, 2016. Data were collected from prescription papers filed in the pharmacy. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.03. The percentage of encounters in which antibiotics prescribed was 67.36%. The proportion of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 98.14% and 99.25%, respectively</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The prescribing practice for antibiotic and average number of medicines per prescription shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO. Great emphasis should be given to restrict inappropriate use of antibiotics. </span></p>
Femoral diaphysis fractures: treatment with unreamed intramedullary nailing and its results
Authors: Demiroğlu Murat 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="TR">Femoral shaft fractures are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the lower extremity injuries</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="TR">21 femoral body fractures of 19 adult patients were treated with the unreamed intramedullary nailing. Of 19 patients 14 were males and 5 were females</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="TR">All fractures healed. Deep infection was not encountered. According to the Thoresen criteria, the rate of excellent-good results was 78%. In two patients, who had also cranial trauma, development of excessive callus was observed. None of the patients required a secondary operation</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="TR">Unreamed intramedullary nailing, if it can be implemented with closed technique and with double lock screw at the distal side, provides satisfactory results in the femoral shaft fractures</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p> </p>
Message from Editor
Authors: Maree Prof. Dr. Kobus 
Published: January 2018

Dear Readers,

It is a great honour for us to publish Volume 7, Issue 2, of the Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Current Perspectives. The journal welcomes original empirical investigations and literature review articles on current issues in guidance and counseling. The journal is published quarterly and serves as an international platform for discussing new developments in guidance and counselling. The journal focuses on, but is not limited to, the following major fields as they relate to guidance and counseling: child and adolescent counseling, adult and elder counseling, family counseling, school counseling, health counseling, crisis and risk counseling, occupational counseling, industrial counseling, cyber counseling, psychology education, inter-disciplinary approaches to psychology, counseling and guidance, rehabilitation counseling, technology usage in psychology, counseling and guidance, and special education.

A total number of six (6) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of two (2) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.
Islam, Modern Society and Islamic Architecture: The Thoughts of Hijjas Kasturi
Authors: Rasdi Mohammad Tajuddin Mohd , Syazwan Nik 
Published: January 2018

<p>Hijjas Kasturi is probably the most well known Malay Muslim architect in Malaysia and in Asia. He has been in practice for 50 years and is known for many of his iconic building designs throughout Malaysia and the Muslim world. This paper attempts to provide important insights into Hijjas’s ideas of Islam as a religion and its practice in the modern world. With this insight, we can better place his design approach in Islamic architecture as a product of both his modernist ideology bred from his education background and his rootedness into the Malay Muslim social and political contexts. Hijjas has been consistent in his design approach in that he had never given in to the client’s request for a more traditional approach which usually means the revivalistic or eclectic design direction. In an era when the Muslim world is struggling between the extremism of traditional Islam and modern life inn the social and political arena, it is important to look at design as part and parcel of not only an art of building but also a holistic product of the reinterpretation of the religion in a new and progressive light. This research provides Hijjas own thoughts through an interview of which excerpts from that session are used in this paper.</p>
Eggs Fertilities Detection System on the Image of Kampung Chicken Egg Using Naive Bayes Classifier Algorithm
Authors: Diantoro Aris , Santoso Irwan Budi 
Published: January 2018

<strong><em>Losses in chicken eggs hatchery make breeders income declined. The main cause of these things because it is less effective and efficient in distinguishing the state of fertilities in the eggs. The detection of fertile and infertile eggs will automatically provide ease of selection and removal of the eggs are fertile and infertile eggs. This will bring more profits for breeder as well as time efficiency more and selling power. Infertile eggs will give breeders the sale price if it is known as early as possible in order not to fail hatching. A method fuzzy c means and naive bayes classifier is designed to identify the state of the fertility of eggs. By putting eggs near the source light and black background in a dark room, then taked of image with a high qualities camera. From the resulting camera image, then extracted features or take characteristics that distinguish between fertile and infertile eggs. The total amount of data used in this study of 450 eggs image sourced from the field survey. Training data is used 250 data, 125 fertile eggs image data and 125 infertile eggs image data. As for testing the data using the 200 data, the image data 150 fertile eggs and 50 infertile eggs image data. Based on trial results of training data is obtained the best accuracy is equal to 80% at intervals of 5, 86.4% at intervals of 5 and dimensions 70x60, and 99.6% on 1x2 resize. The accuracy of the results obtained by 78%, 82% and 94% in trials testing data.</em></strong>
Pendeteksian Ketidaklengkapan Kebutuhan Dengan Teknik Klasifikasi Pada Dokumen Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak
Authors: Nurfauziah Suci 
Published: January 2018

<p class="Abstract">Dokumen Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak (SKPL) dihasilkan dari proses rekayasa kebutuhan dan merupakan tahapan yang kritis pada pengembangan perangkat lunak. Kesalahan yang terjadi pada proses rekayasa kebutuhan akan mempengaruhi ketidakberhasilan produk tersebut. Dokumen SKPL sering kali ditulis dengan bahasa alamiah. Salah satu karakteristik spesifikasi kebutuhan yang baik adalah lengkap.<em> </em>Kualitas spesifikasi kebutuhan bisa dinilai berdasarkan pernyataan kebutuhan atau dokumen kebutuhan. Spesifikasi kebutuhan yang lengkap secara jelas mendefinisikan semua situasi yang dihadapi sistem dan dapat dipahami tanpa melibatkan atau terkait pada kebutuhan lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model klasifikasi pendeteksian ketidaklengkapan kebutuhan pada dokumen spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak yang ditulis dengan bahasa alamiah. Penelitian ini membuat <em>corpus</em> kebutuhan yang berisi pernyataan kebutuhan lengkap dan pernyataan kebutuhan tidak lengkap. <em>Corpus </em>ditulis secara manual oleh tiga orang ahli. Dari <em>Corpus</em> akan dilakukan ekstraksi fitur, pemilihan fitur yang valid, dan pembangkitan kata kunci. Nilai performansi Gwet’s AC1 digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah <em>classifier</em> yang dibangun dapat diandalkan dan dapat mendeteksi adanya ketidaklengkapan pada dokumen spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak.</p><p class="Abstract">Berdasarkan hasil ujicoba dengan menggunakan kombinasi metode adaboost dan C4.5 diperoleh rata-rata indek kesepakatan pada level <em>moderate </em>dengan nilai tertinggi 0.52 pada saat penggunaan enam fitur teratas. Enam fitur teratas yang paling berpengaruh antara lain bad_jj, bad_rb, jml_kt_penegasan, jml_kt_penghubung, bad_prp dan jml_kt_negatif.</p>