bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Gas Sensing Using Porous silicon
Authors: Salman Seham H. , Jahil Sarab S. , Hassan N. A. , Abbas Shaimaa A. , Jasim Kareem A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Psi prepared by Electrochemical etching technique at invariable etching current density of 10 mA/cm2 and at different times (7 and 17) min. The porous Si structure was studied using XRD, (FE-SEM) and EDS. The process of sensing NH3 gas is carried out at different operating temperatures (R.t,80,130 and 200)°C and the gas concentration is constant. It is measured by changing the resistance of the sensor as a function of exposure time to the gas. The result showed the XRD patterns of the PS at (7 and 17) min etching time. the peak samples at (111) around 2θ = 28.5°. It is observed that the peak intensity declines with rising the etching time, and some structural parameters for porous silicon are calculated. From FE-SEM, the images show the sample prepared in (7 and 17) min with the depth of (6.18 12.82) μm, with a size of about 50 nm. Porous silicon that was produced in a time of 17 min has a higher sensitivity to NH3 gas than that of the sample that was produced in a time of 7 min. It was found that when the operating temperature changes from (R.T -200C°), the sensitivity of the samples changes with the stability of the etching time. The PSi sample (17 min) has a high sensitivity for NH3 gas at room temp.
Preparation of the scattering layer based on SnO2 nanocrystals for dye sensitized solar cell application
Authors: Ghazi Zahraa Faisal , Salman Odai N. , Dawood Mohammed O. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, SnO2 paste was prepared based on (0.1 and 0.12 g) of SnO2 nanoparticles. The SnO2 film was deposited using Screen printing and doctor blade techniques, which it employed as scattering layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The crystal structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the paste were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA techniques. The DSSC parameters were achieved to examining the effect of scattering layer on performance of DSSC. The results showed a crystalline structure predominantly composed of rutile SnO2 crystals arranged in a tetragonal pattern, with individual crystallites measuring approximately 100 nanometers in size. SEM images depicted the surface of SnO2 resembling a sponge with fine pores facilitating dye adsorption and electron mobility. Moreover, a decrease in average particle size was observed with increasing dye concentration, with the average grain size of SnO2 particles being below 100 nanometers at lower dye concentrations. TGA measurements indicated a phase transition occurring around 400 °C.
Diverse energy laser ablation in liquid for indium oxide nanoparticles on porous silicon: enhancing photodetector performance
Authors: Abdulhasan Wasan , Rasheed Mohammed , Nayef Uday M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fabrication and analysis of a photodetector using copper oxide nanoparticles (In2O3-NPs) embedded in a porous silicon (PS) structure are detailed in this study. One method used to create In2O3 NPs was pulsed laser ablation in ethanol (PLAL), while another was photo-assisted electrochemical etching to create a porous silicon substrate. The optical, structural, and electrical features of In2O3-NPs/PS devices are investigated, with a particular emphasis on their variations with laser energy. After successfully applying In2O3 nanoparticles onto PS, the X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of distinct peaks that correlate to a copper cubic structure. Using field emission scanning electron microscopy, the researchers determined that the particles had a spherical shape. Absorption increased with increasing laser intensity, and the In2O3-nanocolloids showed clear surface plasmon resonance peaks between 570 and 590 nm in wavelength range. Band gaps of 3.5, 3.4, 3.2, and 3.1 eV were found for the In2O3-NPs generated at 500, 600, 700, and 800 mJ of laser energy, according to the optical properties. According to the optoelectronic properties of the In2O3-NPs/PS photodetector, it was built with an energy level of 700 mJ and had a maximum responsivity of 0.2766 A/W at 650 nm. The In2O3NPs/PS devices discussed in this study have excellent photodetecting performance because they integrate In2O3-NPs with PS.
Investigating the Influence of Die Structure on the Transverse Uniformity of Slot Coating
Authors: Wang Liang , Liu Jie , Tang Jinzhou , Li Yubiao , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Transverse uniformity is an important measurement of the coating quality for slot coating. In this paper, the influence of die structure on the transverse uniformity is investigated according to a fully 3D mathematical modelling and numerical simulations. In the modelling part, the coating liquid is regarded as generalized Newtonian fluid and the fluid flow inner the die head is governed by the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In solving the model, an efficient fractional step finite element method is used. Four kinds of commonly used die structures are simulated and analysed. The results show that the die structure has great influence on the transverse uniformity. Generally, dies with double cavities can get better transverse uniformity that single cavity.
Drilling Fluid Density Optimization for Narrow Density Window Fractured Formation
Authors: Chen Qing , Huang Zhiqiang , Kong Xiangwei , Guo Lianglin , Xu Zhou , An Guotao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fractures are prevalent in the Leikoupo Formation in western Sichuan, with a narrow safe density window of 0.06-0.12 g/cm3, leading to frequent downhole accidents like kicks and losses. Using Pengzhou X well as a case study, this research employed numerical simulation to analyze the impact of various drilling fluid densities within this window on displacement rate and bottomhole pressure. It established an optimal drilling fluid density model for fractured formations with narrow density windows. Findings reveal that as drilling fluid density increases, annulus up-return velocity decreases, potentially trapping fracture gas in the upper annulus. Optimal drilling fluid density lies within this narrow window, maintaining a dynamic balance between preventing fast gas return and fluid accumulation in fractured formations. The model applied to Pengzhou Y well yields a drilling density correlation of 0.000001036, consistent with optimized model results. This approach optimizes drilling fluid density within narrow density windows, mitigating downhole gushing and leakage accidents.
Particle-Scale Research on the Unsteady Gas-Solid Flow in the Launch System with a Complex Charging Structure
Authors: Chen An , Yu Yonggang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work is focused on the the intricate behavior of gunpowder particles in a dynamic gas-solid flow with sudden spatial changes, crucial for the stability in a launch system (LS) with a complex charging structure. The 3D particle-scale gas-solid flow model is developed to explore particle detail characteristics in the LS with the hollow base projectile by the CFD-DEM method. The results show that the dispersion of particles characterized by slope stacking and the horizontal stacking when particles are stationary. The axial length of horizontality is 164mm, and the thickness of it is 43mm. The majority of particles are concentrated in the sloped area, and the total length of the three slope stacking is 551mm. The height of the slope shape in the chamber changes exponentially along the axial position, while that of the slope shape in the groove increases linearly along the axial position.
Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Cryogenic Insulated Cylinders Based on ANSYS
Authors: Yang Gang , Chen Xinhui , Hu Yuxiong , Huang Si , Xu Haiyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To ensure the safety of vehicle mounted cryogenic insulated cylinders during transportation, a finite element model for analyzing the vibration characteristics of vertical cryogenic insulated cylinders considering the frame was established based on ANSYS. The vibration characteristics of vertical cryogenic insulated cylinders under no-load conditions were studied, and the natural frequency patterns of cylinders under different filling rates were compared. The results showed that the connection between the bottom head of the inner liner and the cylinder, the operating frame, and the root of the bottom support were the locations where resonance occurs with larger amplitude. As the filling rate increased, the natural frequencies of each order of the cylinder decreased, and the maximum vibration amplitude of the inner cylinder decreased.
Research on Internal Flooding Analysis of Small Modular Reactors Based on Particle Method
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Li Ye , Zhao Ziwei , Chen Huicui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The analysis of internal water flooding in nuclear power plants is a necessary part of safety review in the approval process of nuclear power plant construction projects. According to relevant regulations, it is necessary to conduct water flooding spread analysis on pipelines, water tanks, or pools filled with liquid in nuclear power plant buildings, analyze the spread path and water flooding height. This article analyzes and calculates the flow characteristics of water in a nuclear power plant building using a fluid calculation method based on the Lagrangian method (particle method). Taking the small modular reactor JR building as a case study, it analyzes the spread and height of four water flooding sources inside the building. According to the simulation time of 1800S, the results show that the flooding caused by the No. 2 water source is the most severe, with a flooding height of 1.367m. Drainage or preventive measures need to be taken to prevent the pipeline from breaking accidents; The flooding sources 1, 2, and 4 have a relatively mild impact, resulting in a lower flooding height and will not have a significant impact on important safety equipment, with little impact on the safety of nuclear power plants. The CFD analysis method was used to conduct water flooding analysis for nuclear power plants, which has the characteristics of strong adaptability and good visualization. It can dynamically simulate the entire process of water flooding analysis and better guide the design of water flooding protection for nuclear power plants.
Drillability Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of the Fencheng Formation Strata in Maye Exploration Area
Authors: Yi Ming , Zhang Xi , Wang Bohui , Jiang Hui , Guo Jun , Ye Jun , Huang Zhiqiang , Kong Xiangwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Predicting drillability ratings and selecting suitable drill bits are crucial for improving drilling efficiency. This investigation employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to normalize adjacent well logging parameters such as natural gamma, well diameter, natural potential, and others as influencing factors and established a mathematical model for the drillability ratings of hard rock formations. A sensitivity analysis of drilling parameters for the Fencheng Formation rocks revealed that sonic time difference, formation density, natural gamma, and resistivity were closely associated with drillability ratings. Empirical results showed that a multiple logarithmic linear regression approach accurately predicted drillability ratings for hard rock formations with over 95% precision compared to experimental values. The Fencheng Formation strata’s high hardness and abrasion resistance result in poor drillability (with ratings above 7.5), with rotational speed sensitivity found to be higher than drilling pressure sensitivity for expediting drilling in hard formations. For the “turbine + PDC bit” drill tool combination, it is recommended to use a drilling pressure of 40 - 80KN and a rotary table speed of 50 - 70r/min. High rotational speeds and low drilling pressures effectively reduce bit sticking effects, while using PDC bits with turbines reduces bit wear, improving the economic efficiency of drilling operations without sacrificing mechanical drilling speed.
Experimental Analysis of Weld Slag Separation in Pipelines
Authors: Liu Xuru , Zhu Dashu , Luo Baoyang , Ji Hongbin , Li Pujiang , Wang Ji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to effectively eliminate welding slag from pipelines, ensure equipment operates normally, and reduce production costs, experiments were conducted based on field construction operations, with a focus on the intensity and frequency of tapping. The study findings indicate that a tapping force of 341.8 N leads to a stabilization in the rate of welding slag removal. Following manual tapping of the pipelines, the welding slag removal rate is approximately 60 %, and it stabilizes gradually after four tapping instances. To provide guidance for on-site operations, an empirical expression capturing the pattern of welding slag removal was derived from experiments by establishing the correlation between tapping frequency, tapping force, and welding slag removal rate.
Corrosion Inhibition Performances of Amino Acids Corrosion Inhibitors on Carbon Steel in Sulphuric Acid Medium
Authors: Gao Y H , Li H H , Liu Z , Yan M F , Liu Z F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The amino acids have great potential in inhibiting metal corrosion. The corrosion inhibition performances of amino acids corrosion inhibitors on A3 carbon steel in sulphuric acid medium were investigated by weight loss method. The corrosion inhibition performances of the alanine, glycine, aspartate, arginine and methionine increase gradually with the dosage of amino acid corrosion inhibitor increase gradually. The five composite corrosion inhibitors were prepared by compound of the five amino acid and potassium iodide respectively to improve the corrosion inhibition performances of amino acids. The corrosion inhibition rate of the five composite corrosion inhibitors is about 20% higher than the amino acid corrosion inhibitors respectively. The amino acid and potassium iodide composite corrosion inhibitors have good protective effects on A3 carbon steel at 30-45°C. The amino acid and potassium iodide composite corrosion inhibitors used for sulfuric acid medium have good protective effects on A3 carbon steel.
Kinetics Study on Microwave Alkaline Roasting-Water Dissolving of Germanium from Zinc Oxide Dust
Authors: Wang Wankun , Wang Fuchun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Zinc hydrometallurgy plants produce large amounts of germanium (Ge)-containing zinc oxide (ZnO) dust during the production process. However, the present leaching percentages of Ge by the sulfuric leaching process from ZnO dust are generally lower than 60%. Thus, a novel process of microwave alkaline roasting followed by water dissolving is proposed to further improve Ge extraction from ZnO dust, and the kinetic behaviors and related theoretical models are studied. Perhaps it can be promoted Ge leaching percentages by water after microwave alkaline roasting, the dissolving reaction kinetics follow the diffusion control model, and the apparent activation energy is 15.46 kJ/mol.
Numerical Analysis of Spray Evaporation Process in Desuperheater
Authors: Wang Jianqing , Du Bin , Xu Lintao , Hu Jiansheng , Sun Jian , Wu Jiajia , Liu Baoqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The cooling water is sprayed into the desuperheater to regulate the temperature of the superheated steam. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to investigate the spray evaporation process in the desuperheater. Discrete phase model (DPM) was applied to describe the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The Rosin-Rammler distribution and TAB model were used for the description of the primary and secondary droplet breakup, respectively. The coupling effect of gas-liquid two-phase, influence of temperature on latent heat, the stochastic collision and coalescence of droplets were considered in the CFD model. The numerical results show good agreement with the plant data. The hydrodynamics and temperature distribution characteristics were analysed. The influence of water mass flow rate and orifice dimensions on temperature distribution and temperature non-uniformity was further investigated. The results indicate that increasing the water flow rate can improve the desuperheating ability, but it will make the temperature uniformity worse. Under the same operating conditions, smaller orifice diameters are beneficial for production of droplets with smaller size, leading to better desuperheating ability.
The Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Condensation in a Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Zhang Shengli , Liu Junwei , Wang Jinhao , Zhou Gauangxu , Hou Junfeng , Ma Fei , Zhang Jiangtao , Li Can , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The model of a single flow channel of a plate heat exchanger (PHE) has been established, and the condensation characteristics of vapor with different saturation temperatures and vapor superheating levels have been investigated. The results show that with a higher vapor saturation temperature, the average surface heat transfer coefficient (HTC) increases. The HTC of saturated steam at a saturation temperature of 348.15 K is about 104.1% higher than that at a saturation temperature of 323.15 K. The influence of vapor superheating is weaker compared to that of the saturation temperature. With the increase of vapor superheat, the surface average HTC first increased and then decreased. The HTC of superheated vapor with a vapor superheating of 10 °C is about 0.72% higher than that of saturated vapor. In industrial applications, it is appropriate to control the vapor inlet superheating to be between 5-10°C.
Based on the Fuel Cell Stack Vibration Test and Evaluation Method under the Actual Operation Scenario of Vehicles
Authors: Guo Ting , Zhou Mingyue , Wang Guozhuo , Wu Shiyu , Wang Fang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the application scenario of fuel cell vehicle, a test and evaluation method of bench vibration of fuel cell stack based on actual operation requirements is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the application requirements of logistics vehicles are analyzed, and the impact of vibration and shock on fuel cell piles under different road conditions is studied. Secondly, based on the condition of the proportion of the road used by the logistics vehicle, based on the principle of user correlation and other damage, a bench vibration test method based on the use scenario of the logistics vehicle is proposed. The research shows that the fuel cell stack has the maximum vibration frequency at 50hz, and there is basically no vibration frequency above 200HZ.
Low-impact thermal insulation materials for sustainable retrofitting: potentialities and barriers from a literature review
Authors: Susca Tiziana , Marchi Lia , Gaspari Jacopo , Antonini Ernesto , Benedetti Miriam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study provides both an updated overview of the most recent studies about low environmental impact materials for building retrofitting and meta-analyses of the most important features, such as the thermal conductivity, allowing to evaluate their insulation potential against the diffused and recurrent conventional competitors. Specifically, 466 case studies about materials derived by co-production, wastes of other products and recycled ones have been selected and their thermal performances have been analysed. The materials have been clustered into homogeneous classes: lose materials and foams; structural materials; panels; finishing materials. The results show that some low environmental impact materials are characterized by thermal performances which can position them as materials able to contribute to building decarbonization, but little information can be found about other characteristics which can be crucial when the built environment is considered, such as durability, fire resistance, costs, and load resistance. Yet, these latter aspects may be investigated further when the material is considered to enter the prototyping phase whether in the academic or market context.
The present study provides a base for discussion about the use of more environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials which in the coming years might represent a valid option for sustainable building renovation.
Streamlining Demolition Processes: A Material Cadaster-Based Digitalization and Automation of Predemolition Audit
Authors: Pešta Jan , Trubina Nika , Schulzová Kristýna , Vlasatá Barbora , Pavlů Tereza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A key prerequisite for the implementation of circular economy principles in the building sector is the effort to maximize the use of construction and demolition waste, which is, however, limited by the low demand for secondary raw materials in the Czech Republic. The reason for this is the variable and difficult-to-predict availability of these raw materials at the place and time of planned construction and the variability of their technical characteristics, which leads to the insufficient scope of the market for reclaimed materials.
Therefore, the objective was to develop an online tool for the processing of demolition audits and a linked national deconstruction database. The system is supported by information gathered from the material cadaster, which provides a comprehensive inventory of the materials assumed in a building as a default value for predemolition audit. In this study, we present progress on the development of the tool, which includes basic data from a Prague material cadaster, as a city where the piloting was conducted. Furthermore, the user’s navigation through the collection of data needed for the final use of materials was integrated as a key feature, streamlining the placement of the product with recycled content on the market.
Technological scenarios of posthumanism: which [built] environment towards sustainability
Authors: Lavagna Monica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human kind has always been an explorer and technological innovation over the centuries is been implemented thanks to his thirst for novelty. Technological progress today clashes with the limitations of available resources and environmental impacts. The acceleration in the introduction of technological innovations determines rapid obsolescence of human artifacts and the need for continuous replacement, reducing the useful life of products. Having exhausted the physicality of planet Earth, human exploration now continues in two directions: on the one hand, the colonization of Space, on the other, the construction of new virtual worlds (Metaverse) and new physical and cognitive capabilities (biotechnology and artificial intelligence). However, these explorations are the source of considerable energy consumption (e.g., of space flights and data centers) and contribute to climate change, increasing the critical issues regarding the sustainability of lifestyles. Technological and scientific progress, after having changed the natural environment, today comes to change human nature (posthumanism), and consequently the living environment of human kind. The research is approached through the comparison of different philosophical and scientific positions (literature analysis), transferring some general considerations to the building sector. What next generation built environment will be?