bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate increase during fatigue affects crossbridge kinetics in intact mouse muscle at physiological temperature
Authors: Nocella M. , Cecchi G. , Colombini B. 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Actomyosin ATP hydrolysis occurring during muscle contraction releases inorganic phosphate [Pi] in the myoplasm. High [Pi] reduces force and affects force kinetics in skinned muscle fibres at low temperature. These effects decrease at high temperature, raising the question of their importance under physiological conditions.
This study provides the first analysis of the effects of Pi on muscle performance in intact mammalian fibres at physiological temperature. Myoplasmic [Pi] was raised by fatiguing the fibres with a series of tetanic contractions.
[Pi] increase reduces muscular force mainly by decreasing the force of the single molecular motor, the crossbridge, and alters the crossbridge response to fast length perturbation indicating faster kinetics.
These results are in agreement with schemes of actomyosin ATPase and the crossbridge cycle including a low‐ or no‐force state and show that fibre length changes perturb the Pi‐sensitive force generation of the crossbridge cycle.
AbstractActomyosin ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction releases inorganic phosphate, increasing [Pi] in the myoplasm. Experiments in skinned fibres at low temperature (10–12°C) have shown that [Pi] increase depresses isometric force and alters the kinetics of actomyosin interaction. However, the effects of Pi decrease with temperature and this raises the question of the role of Pi under physiological conditions. The present experiments were performed to investigate this point. Intact fibre bundles isolated from the flexor digitorum brevis of C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with a series of tetanic contractions at 1.5 s intervals at 33°C. As show previously the most significant change induced by a bout of contractile activity similar to the initial 10 tetani of the series was an increase of [Pi] without significant Ca2+ or pH changes. Measurements of force, stiffness and responses to fast stretches and releases were therefore made on the 10th tetanus of the series and compared with control. We found that (i) tetanic force at the 10th tetanus was ∼20% smaller than control without a significant decrease of crossbridge stiffness; and (ii) the force recovery following quick stretches and releases was faster than in control. These results indicate that at physiological temperature the increase of [Pi] occurring during early fatigue reduces tetanic force mainly by depressing the individual crossbridge force and accelerating crossbridge kinetics.
Characterisation and functional mapping of surface potentials in the rat dorsal column nuclei
Authors: Loutit Alastair J. , Maddess Ted , Redmond Stephen J. , Morley John W. , Stuart Greg J. , Potas Jason R. 
Published: March 2017

Key points
The brainstem dorsal column nuclei (DCN) process sensory information arising from the body before it reaches the brain and becomes conscious.
Despite significant investigations into sensory coding in peripheral nerves and the somatosensory cortex, little is known about how sensory information arising from the periphery is represented in the DCN.
Following stimulation of hind‐limb nerves, we mapped and characterised the evoked electrical signatures across the DCN surface.
We show that evoked responses recorded from the DCN surface are highly reproducible and are unique to nerves carrying specific sensory information.
AbstractThe brainstem dorsal column nuclei (DCN) play a role in early processing of somatosensory information arising from a variety of functionally distinct peripheral structures, before being transmitted to the cortex via the thalamus. To improve our understanding of how sensory information is represented by the DCN, we characterised and mapped low‐ (<200 Hz) and high‐frequency (550–3300 Hz) components of nerve‐evoked DCN surface potentials. DCN surface potentials were evoked by electrical stimulation of the left and right nerves innervating cutaneous structures (sural nerve), or a mix of cutaneous and deep structures (peroneal nerve), in 8‐week‐old urethane‐anaesthetised male Wistar rats. Peroneal nerve‐evoked DCN responses demonstrated low‐frequency events with significantly longer durations, more high‐frequency events and larger magnitudes compared to responses evoked from sural nerve stimulation. Hotspots of low‐ and high‐frequency DCN activity were found ipsilateral to stimulated nerves but were not symmetrically organised. In conclusion, we find that sensory inputs from peripheral nerves evoke unique and characteristic DCN activity patterns that are highly reproducible both within and across animals.
Frequency and function in the basal ganglia: the origins of beta and gamma band activity
Authors: Blenkinsop Alexander , Anderson Sean , Gurney Kevin 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Neuronal oscillations in the basal ganglia have been observed to correlate with behaviours, although the causal mechanisms and functional significance of these oscillations remain unknown.
We present a novel computational model of the healthy basal ganglia, constrained by single unit recordings from non‐human primates.
When the model is run using inputs that might be expected during performance of a motor task, the network shows emergent phenomena: it functions as a selection mechanism and shows spectral properties that match those seen in vivo.
Beta frequency oscillations are shown to require pallido‐striatal feedback, and occur with behaviourally relevant cortical input. Gamma oscillations arise in the subthalamic–globus pallidus feedback loop, and occur during movement.
The model provides a coherent framework for the study of spectral, temporal and functional analyses of the basal ganglia and lays the foundation for an integrated approach to study basal ganglia pathologies such as Parkinson's disease in silico.
AbstractNeural oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG) are well studied yet remain poorly understood. Behavioural correlates of spectral activity are well described, yet a quantitative hypothesis linking time domain dynamics and spectral properties to BG function has been lacking. We show, for the first time, that a unified description is possible by interpreting previously ignored structure in data describing globus pallidus interna responses to cortical stimulation. These data were used to expose a pair of distinctive neuronal responses to the stimulation. This observation formed the basis for a new mathematical model of the BG, quantitatively fitted to the data, which describes the dynamics in the data, and is validated against other stimulus protocol experiments. A key new result is that when the model is run using inputs hypothesised to occur during the performance of a motor task, beta and gamma frequency oscillations emerge naturally during static‐force and movement, respectively, consistent with experimental local field potentials. This new model predicts that the pallido‐striatum connection has a key role in the generation of beta band activity, and that the gamma band activity associated with motor task performance has its origins in the pallido‐subthalamic feedback loop. The network's functionality as a selection mechanism also occurs as an emergent property, and closer fits to the data gave better selection properties. The model provides a coherent framework for the study of spectral, temporal and functional analyses of the BG and therefore lays the foundation for an integrated approach to study BG pathologies such as Parkinson's disease in silico.
The Effects of Caffeine, Taurine, or Caffeine-Taurine Coingestion on Repeat-Sprint Cycling Performance and Physiological Responses
Authors: Warnock Rory , Jeffries Owen , Patterson Stephen , Waldron Mark 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To investigate the effects of caffeine (C), taurine (T), caffeine and taurine coingestion (C +T), or placebo (P) on repeated Wingate cycling performance and associated physiological responses.Methods:Seven male team-sport players participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, where they completed 3 Wingate tests, each separated by 2 min, an hour after ingesting: C (5 mg/kg body mass [BM]), T (50 mg/kg BM), C +T (5 mg/kg BM + 50 mg/kg BM), or P (5 mg/kg BM) in a gelatin capsule. Performance was measured on an ergometer, and blood lactate, perceived exertion, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured at rest (presupplement), baseline (1 h postsupplement), and during and after exercise.Results:Magnitude-based inferences revealed that all of the supplements increased (smalltomoderate, likely to very likely) mean peak power (MPP), peak power (PP), and mean power (MP) compared to P, with greater MPP, PP, and MP in T compared to C (small, possible). Intrasprint fatigue index (%FIIntra) was greater in T compared to P and C (moderate, likely), and %FIInterwas lower in T compared to C (small, possible). C and C +T increased HR, MAP, and RPP compared to P and T at baseline (moderate tovery large, likely to most likely); however, these only remained higher in C compared to all conditions in the final sprint.Conclusions:T elicited greater improvements in performance compared to P, C, or C +T while reducing the typical chronotropic and pressor effects of C.
A Novel Method to Compute Breathing Volumes via Motion Capture Systems: Design and Experimental Trials
Authors: Massaroni Carlo , Cassetta Eugenio , Silvestri Sergio 
Published: March 2017

Respiratory assessment can be carried out by using motion capture systems. A geometrical model is mandatory in order to compute the breathing volume as a function of time from the markers‘ trajectories. This study describes a novel model to compute volume changes and calculate respiratory parameters by using a motion capture system. The novel method, ie, prism-based method, computes the volume enclosed within the chest by defining 82 prisms from the 89 markers attached to the subject chest. Volumes computed with this method are compared to spirometry volumes and to volumes computed by a conventional method based on the tetrahedron‘s decomposition of the chest wall and integrated in a commercial motion capture system. Eight healthy volunteers were enrolled and 30 seconds of quiet breathing data collected from each of them. Results show a better agreement between volumes computed by the prism-based method and the spirometry (discrepancy of 2.23%, R
2 = .94) compared to the agreement between volumes computed by the conventional method and the spirometry (discrepancy of 3.56%, R
2 = .92). The proposed method also showed better performances in the calculation of respiratory parameters. Our findings open up prospects for the further use of the new method in the breathing assessment via motion capture systems.
A Feasibility Study for Improved Physical Activity After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Paxton Roger J. , Forster Jeri E. , Miller Matthew J. , Gerron Kristine L. , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E. , Christiansen Cory L. 
Published: March 2017

Physical activity outcomes are poor following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose was to evaluate feasibility of a physical activity feedback intervention for patients after TKA. Participants completing conventional TKA rehabilitation were randomized to a physical activity feedback (PAF; n = 22) or control (CTL; n = 23) group. The PAF intervention included real-time activity feedback, weekly action planning, and monthly group support meetings (12 weeks). The CTL group received attention control education. Feasibility was assessed using retention, adherence, dose goal attainment, and responsiveness with pre- and postintervention testing. The PAF group had 100% retention, 92% adherence (frequency of feedback use), and 65% dose goal attainment (frequency of meeting goals). The PAF group average daily step count increased from 5,754 (2,714) (pre) to 6,917 (3,445) steps/day (post). This study describes a feasible intervention to use as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation for people with TKA.
Complete Genome Sequence and Methylome Analysis of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 65
Authors: Fomenkov Alexey , Vincze Tamas , Degtyarev Sergey K. , Roberts Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
65 is the original source strain for the restriction enzyme Acc65I. Its complete sequence and full methylome were determined using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing.
Complete Genome Sequences, before and after Mammalian Cell Culture, of Zika Virus Isolated from the Serum of a Symptomatic Male Patient from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Boukadida Celia , Torres-Flores Jesús M. , Yocupicio-Monroy Martha , Piten-Isidro Elvira , Rivero-Arrieta Amaranta Y. , Luna-Villalobos Yara A. , Martínez-Vargas Liliane , Alcaraz-Estrada Sofía L. , Torres Klintsy J. , Lira Rosalia , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Sevilla-Reyes Edgar E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus associated with severe congenital malformations and neurological complications. Although the ZIKV genome is well characterized, there is limited information regarding changes after cell isolation and culture adaptation. We isolated, and passaged in Vero cells, ZIKV from the serum of a symptomatic male patient and compared the viral genomes before and after culture. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were characteristic among serum-circulating genomes, while such diversity decreased after cell culture.
Is there a standard for surgical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in healthy and cirrhotic liver? A comparison of eight guidelines
Authors: Manzini Giulia , Henne-Bruns Doris , Porzsolt Franz , Kremer Michael 
Published: March 2017

Background and aimsLiver resection (LR) and transplantation are the most reliable treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim was to compare different guidelines regarding indication for resection and transplantation because of HCC with and without underlying cirrhosis.MethodsWe compared the following guidelines published after 1 January 2010: American (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)), Spanish (Sociedad Espanola de Oncologia Medica (SEOM)), European (European Association for the study of liver-European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EASL-EORTC) and European Society for Medical Oncology-European Society of Digestive Oncology (ESMO-ESDO)), Asian (Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver (APASL)), Japanese (Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH)), Italian (Associazione Italiana Oncologia Medica (AIOM)) and German (S3) guidelines.ResultsAll guidelines recommend resection as therapy of choice in healthy liver. Guidelines based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system recommend resection for single HCC<2 cm and Child-Pugh A cirrhosis and for HCC≤5 cm with normal bilirubin and portal pressure, whereas transplantation is recommended for multiple tumours between Milan criteria and for single tumours ≤5 cm and advanced liver dysfunction. Patients with HCC and Child-Pugh C cirrhosis are not candidates for transplantation. JSH guidelines recommend LR for patients with Child-Pugh A/B with HCC without tumour size restriction; APASL guidelines in general exclude patients with Child-Pugh A from transplantation. In patients with Child-Pugh B, transplantation is the second-line therapy, if resection is not possible for patients within Milan criteria. German and Italian guidelines recommend transplantation for all patients within Milan criteria.ConclusionsWhereas resection is the standard therapy of HCC in healthy liver, a standard regarding the indication for LR and transplantation for HCC in cirrhotic liver does not exist, although nearly all guidelines claim to be evidence based. Surprisingly, despite European guidelines, Germany and Italy use their own national guidelines which partially differ from the European. Possible solutions of the problems are discussed.
Identifying possible reasons why female street sex workers have poor drug treatment outcomes: a qualitative study
Authors: Jeal Nikki , Macleod John , Salisbury Chris , Turner Katrina 
Published: March 2017

AimsTo explore street sex workers (SSWs) views and experiences of drug treatment, in order to understand why this population tend to experience poor drug treatment outcomes.DesignIn-depth interviews.SettingBristol, UK.Participants24 current and exited SSWs with current or previous experience of problematic use of heroin and/or crack cocaine.FindingsParticipants described how feeling unable to discuss their sex work in drug treatment groups undermined their engagement in the treatment process. They outlined how disclosure of sex work resulted in stigma from male and female service users as well as adverse interactions with male service users. Participants highlighted that non-disclosure meant they could not discuss unresolved trauma issues which were common and which emerged or increased when they reduced their drug use. As trauma experiences had usually involved men as perpetrators participants said it was not appropriate to discuss them in mixed treatment groups. SSWs in recovery described how persistent trauma-related symptoms still affected their lives many years after stopping sex work and drug use. Participants suggested SSW-only services and female staff as essential to effective care and highlighted that recent service changes were resulting in loss of trusted staff and SSW-only treatment services. This was reported to be reducing the likelihood of SSWs engaging in drug services, with the resultant loss of continuity of care and reduced time with staff acting as barriers to an effective therapeutic relationship.ConclusionsSSWs face many barriers to effective drug treatment. SSW-only treatment groups, continuity of care with treatment staff and contact with female staff, particularly individuals who have had similar lived experience, could improve the extent to which SSWs engage and benefit from drug treatment services. Service engagement and outcomes may also be improved by drug services that include identification and treatment of trauma-related symptoms.
Current and potential providers of blood pressure self-screening: a mixed methods study in Oxfordshire
Authors: Tompson A C , Fleming S G , Heneghan C J , McManus R J , Greenfield S M , Hobbs F D R , Ward A M 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo (1) establish the extent of opportunities for members of the public to check their own blood pressure (BP) outside of healthcare consultations (BP self-screening), (2) investigate the reasons for and against hosting such a service and (3) ascertain how BP self-screening data are used in primary care.DesignA mixed methods, cross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care and community locations in Oxfordshire, UK.Participants325 sites were surveyed to identify where and in what form BP self-screening services were available. 23 semistructured interviews were then completed with current and potential hosts of BP self-screening services.Results18/82 (22%) general practices offered BP self-screening and 68/110 (62%) pharmacies offered professional-led BP screening. There was no evidence of permanent BP self-screening activities in other community settings.Healthcare professionals, managers, community workers and leaders were interviewed. Those in primary care generally felt that practice-based BP self-screening was a beneficial activity that increased the attainment of performance targets although there was variation in its perceived usefulness for patient care. The pharmacists interviewed provided BP checking as a service to the community but were unable to develop self-screening services without a clear business plan. Among potential hosts, barriers to providing a BP self-screening service included a perceived lack of healthcare commissioner and public demand, and a weak—if any—link to their core objectives as an organisation.ConclusionsBP self-screening currently occurs in a minority of general practices. Any future development of community BP self-screening programmes will require (1) public promotion and (2) careful consideration of how best to support—and reward—the community hosts who currently perceive little if any benefit.
Understanding Dutch practice nurses' adherence to evidence-based smoking cessation guidelines and their needs for web-based adherence support: results from semistructured interviews
Authors: de Ruijter D , Smit E S , de Vries H , Goossens L , Hoving C 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesPractice nurses in general practices suboptimally adhere to smoking cessation guidelines. Since the effectiveness of their smoking cessation support is greatest when full adherence to these guidelines is achieved, interventions need to be developed to improve practice nurses' guideline adherence, for example, by tailoring their content to adherence determinants. However, the sociocognitive determinants explaining adherence have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this qualitative needs assessment aimed to explore practice nurses' current counselling practices, as well as their sociocognitive beliefs related to their smoking cessation guideline adherence and their needs regarding web-based adherence support.SettingPrimary care; general practices in the Netherlands.Participants19 practice nurses, actively involved in smoking cessation counselling.MethodsSemistructured individual interviews, based on the I-Change Model and the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, were conducted from May to September 2014. Data were systematically analysed using the Framework Method and considered reliable (κ 0.77; % agreement 99%).ResultsRespondents felt able to be empathic and collaborative during smoking cessation consultations. They also reported psychological (eg, low self-efficacy to increase patient motivation and arranging adequate follow-up consultations) and practical barriers (eg, outdated information on quit support compensation and a perceived lack of high-quality trainings for practice nurses) to smoking cessation guideline adherence. Most respondents were interested in web-based adherence support to overcome these barriers.ConclusionsSociocognitive determinants influence practice nurses' smoking cessation guideline adherence. To improve their adherence, web-based tailored adherence support can provide practice nurses with personally relevant feedback tailored to individually perceived barriers to smoking cessation guideline adherence. More specifically, low self-efficacy levels can be increased by peer modelling (eg, presenting narratives of colleagues) and up-to-date information can be presented online, enabling practice nurses to use it during patient consultations, resulting in more effective communication with their smoking patients.Trial registration numberNTR4436; Pre-results.