bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinnitus and its risk factors in african americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: House Laura , Bishop Charles E. , Spankovich Christopher , Su Dan , Valle Karen , Schweinfurth John 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the prevalence of reported tinnitus and tinnitus handicap in the all–African American Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort, with assessment of the relationship to cardiometabolic risk and depression.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsAudiologic data were obtained from a sample of 1,314 participants of the JHS. Reported tinnitus was assessed dichotomously (yes/no) by interview and with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). The statistical relationship of reported tinnitus and tinnitus handicap to various cardiometabolic risks (i.e., hypertension and waist circumference) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES‐D) was assessed with logistic and gamma regression procedures.ResultsTinnitus was found to be a highly prevalent condition (29.5%), with an additionally high rate of individuals who report at least slight tinnitus handicap (35%). Hypertension (β = 1.344, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015‐1.780, P = .039) and waist circumference (β = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.001‐1.018, P = .021) were found to have a statistically significant relationship with THI score, depending on the level of covariate adjustment. Depression, as measured by the CES‐D, was found to have a statistically significant relationship with both reported tinnitus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.051, 95% CI: 1.030‐1.072, P < .001) and THI score (β = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.013‐1.047, P = .001), which persisted for all levels of covariate adjustment in statistical models.ConclusionsTinnitus was found to be highly prevalent in the JHS, and certain measures of cardiometabolic risk are weakly related to both reported tinnitus and level of tinnitus handicap. A consistent relationship between depression and tinnitus/level of tinnitus handicap was observed.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1668–1675, 2018
Prevalence of adult unilateral hearing loss and hearing aid use in the United States
Authors: Golub Justin S. , Lin Frank R. , Lustig Lawrence R. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThe prevalence of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) in adults has not been well characterized. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of UHL in U.S. adults and its treatment with hearing aids using a nationally representative study.Study DesignCross‐sectional national epidemiologic study (n = 6,242).MethodsSubjects ≥ 18 years old with audiometric testing in the 2005 to 2006, 2009 to 2010, and 2011 to 2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study were included. UHL was defined as normal hearing (≤25 decibels hearing level [dB HL] pure tone average [PTA]) in one ear and at least mild hearing loss (>25 dB HL PTA) in the other ear. Hearing aid usage was defined by at least 5 hours per week (2005–2006) or at least seldom (2009–2012) use. Sampling weights were utilized to ensure generalizability to the U.S. population.ResultsThe overall prevalence of UHL in adult Americans was 7.2% (95% confidence interval 6.1%–8.6%), with 5.7% (4.8%–6.7%) having mild and 1.5% (0.1%–2.1%) with moderate‐or‐worse UHL; nearly one‐third of the latter reported trouble hearing. The prevalence of hearing aid usage in those with UHL was 2.0% (0.6%–6.7%). Of those with mild UHL, 1.4% (0.2%–8.0%) used hearing aids. Of those with moderate UHL, 4.2% (0.1%–22%) used hearing aids. Among those with UHL and also at least moderate subjective difficulty hearing, only 11% wore hearing aids.ConclusionUHL is common among U.S. adults. Hearing aid usage is very low, even when there is perceived handicap. Public health education is needed to increase awareness of and auditory rehabilitation for UHL.Level of Evidence2. Laryngoscope, 128:1681–1686, 2018
Correlations between cystic fibrosis genotype and sinus disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Abuzeid Waleed M. , Song Changeun , Fastenberg Judd H. , Fang Christina H. , Ayoub Noel , Jerschow Elina , Mohabir Paul K. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveCystic fibrosis (CF) patients commonly develop chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The impact of the most common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation, F508del, on the severity of sinonasal disease remains inconclusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of CFTR genotype functional classification on sinonasal disease severity in patients with CRS.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients with CF who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis from 1998 to 2015. Patients were divided into high‐ or low‐risk genotypes based on standardized CFTR gene functional classification. The primary outcome was the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic scores, extent of surgery performed, presence of polyposis, number of revision surgeries, and Lund‐MacKay computed tomography scores.ResultsThirty‐eight patients harbored a high‐risk CFTR genotype, and 11 had a low‐risk genotype. On bivariate analysis, there was no association between CFTR genotype risk stratification and measures of preoperative disease severity or postoperative outcomes. There were no associations between genotype risk stratification and outcome variables on multivariate linear regression, adjusted for age and gender. There were significant improvements in several SNOT‐22 subdomains before and after endoscopic sinus surgery (P < 0.05), but the magnitude of improvement was not significantly different on the basis of CFTR genotype risk stratification.ConclusionHigh‐risk CFTR genotypes are not associated with worse sinonasal disease severity or postoperative symptom control than low‐risk CFTR genotypes after adjusting for confounding factors.Level of EvidenceLevel 4. Laryngoscope, 1752–1758, 2018
Intranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine suppresses allergic rhinitis in mice
Authors: Miyashita Keiichi , Ohori Junichiro , Nagano Hiromi , Fukuyama Satoshi , Kurono Yuichi 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisIntranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine (PC) is known to reduce immunoglobulin (Ig)E production. However, its effects on the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR) are unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PC‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC‐KLH) and to examine the effects on the occurrence of AR in a murine model of AR.Study DesignIn vivo study using an animal model.MethodsForty‐five female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; those pretreated with intranasal administration of PC‐KLH followed by intraperitoneal sensitization and nasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) (group A), those untreated with PC‐KLH followed by sensitization and nasal challenge with OVA (group B), and those untreated with PC‐KLH or OVA as controls (group C). Nasal symptoms, allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa, OVA specific IgE production, and cytokine profile were compared among those three groups. Dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated from splenic cells and PC‐KLH–stimulated interleukin (IL)‐12p40 production was measured.ResultsThe mice pretreated with PC‐KLH showed lower allergic nasal symptoms and inflammation compared to untreated mice. The levels of total IgE and OVA‐specific IgE in serum, and IL‐4 production by nasal and splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly reduced by PC‐KLH pretreatment. Furthermore, IL‐12p40 production by DCs was induced by PC‐KLH in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsIntranasal administration of PC‐KLH suppressed allergic inflammation in nasal mucosa and antigen‐specific IgE production by downregulating Th2‐type immune response. Intranasal immunization with PC might be useful to prevent AR and upper airway bacterial infection.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E234–E240, 2018
Dual‐Functional Dextran‐PEG Hydrogel as an Antimicrobial Biomedical Material
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Xin , Sun Tianyu , Tsou Yung‐Hao , Chen Hong , Xu Xiaoyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicrobial infections continually present a major worldwide public healthcare threat, particularly in instances of impaired wound healing and biomedical implant fouling. The development of new materials with the desired antimicrobial property to avoid and treat wound infection is urgently needed in wound care management. This study reports a novel dual‐functional biodegradable dextran‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel covalently conjugated with antibacterial Polymyxin B and Vancomycin (Vanco). The hydrogel is designed as a specialized wound dressing that eradicates existing bacteria and inhibits further bacteria growth, while, ameliorating the side effects of antibiotics and accelerating tissue repair and regeneration. The hydrogel exhibits potent antibacterial activities against both gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with no observable toxicity to mouse fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3. These results demonstrate the immense potential of dextran‐PEG hydrogel as a wound dressing healthcare material in efficiently controlling bacteria growth in complex biological systems.
Facile Fabrication of Electrohydrodynamic Micro‐/Nanostructures with High Aspect Ratio of a Conducting Polymer for Large‐Scale Superhydrophilic/Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Lv Guowei , Liu Yuhang , Shao Jinyou , Tian Hongmiao , Yu Demei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis communication describes a straightforward, cost‐effective, and contactless lithography technique, electrohydrodynamic patterning, for fabricating the high‐aspect‐ratio micro‐/nanostructures of the conducting polymer (CP) films directly on a conductive substrate with high integrity and throughput. Meanwhile, the superhydrophilicity/superhydrophobicity of the final CP films can be obtained by modulating the ON/OFF‐state of the circuit of the assembly in the structure formation process. The final patterned CP films are hydrophilic/superhydrophilic when the circuit of the assembly is ON‐state in the structure formation process, while they are hydrophobic/superhydrophobic when the circuit of the assembly is OFF‐state. The high‐aspect‐ratio micro‐/nanostructures of the CP films with the superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic surface are important in both fundamental research and practical applications such as photovoltaics, sensors, supercapacitors, actuators, low friction surfaces, and water harvesting.
A Simple Strategy to Achieve Mussel‐Inspired Highly Effective Antibacterial Coating
Authors: Wu Zelin , Wang Jiming , Pei Danfeng , Li Liang , Mu Youbing , Wan Xiaobo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough significant progress has been made in the preparation of mussel‐inspired antibacterial coatings, continual challenges still remain in pursuing more facile and simpler fabrication methods to construct more robust and effective coatings. In this study, quaternized catechol (QCat), which is synthesized via a simple quaternization reaction from two commercially available materials, 2‐chloro‐3′,4′‐dihydroxyacetophenone and N,N‐dimethyldodecylamine, is used as a reactive antimicrobial agent to fabricate mussel‐inspired antibacterial coatings. Specifically, QCat reacts with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) in Tris‐HCl solution through a cross‐linking reaction between amino and catechol groups to form a homogeneous coating on various substrates via a simple co‐deposition process. The formed PEI/QCat coating exhibits highly effective antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and good adhesion on glass, metal, and plastic substrates. Such a simple fabrication process makes it a potential candidate for industrial and medical applications.
Kinetics of Thermal Polymerization Can Be Studied during Continuous Cooling
Authors: Liavitskaya Tatsiana , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is demonstrated that differential scanning calorimetry can measure the kinetics of the thermally initiated polymerization during continuous cooling. The measurements are accomplished by switching from fast heating to much slower cooling. The study is exemplified by crosslinking polymerization (curing) of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy and m‐phenylenediamine taken in stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric ratios and measured under heating and cooling conditions. An advanced isoconversional method reveals that the reaction in the nonstoichiometric system follows the kinetics of the single‐step type. Its activation energy is constant and the same for heating and cooling conditions. The stoichiometric system exhibits the multistep kinetics characterized by the dependencies of the activation energy on temperature that differ qualitatively for cooling and heating runs. The discovered differences emphasize the need for further systematic studies of the thermal polymerization during continuous cooling.
Tonsillectomy and risk of Parkinson's disease: A danish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Svensson Elisabeth , Henderson Victor W. , Szépligeti Szimonetta , Stokholm Morten Gersel , Klug Tejs Ehlers , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Borghammer Per 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: We hypothesized that tonsillectomy modifies the risk of PD.Objectives: To test the hypothesis in a nationwide population‐based cohort study.Methods: We used Danish medical registries to construct a cohort of all patients in Denmark with an operation code of tonsillectomy 1980‐2010 (n = 195,169) and a matched age and sex general population comparison cohort (n = 975,845). Patients were followed until PD diagnosis, death, censoring, or end of follow‐up 30 November 2013. Using Cox regression, we computed hazard ratios for PD and corresponding 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age and sex by study design, and potential confounders.Results: We identified 100 and 568 patients diagnosed with PD among the tonsillectomy and general population comparison cohort, respectively, finding similar risks of PD (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.76‐1.19]; for > 20 years' follow‐up (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96 [95% confidence interval: 0.64‐1.41]).Conclusion: Tonsillectomy is not associated with risk of PD, especially early‐onset PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Short‐range probabilistic forecasting of convective risks for aviation based on a lagged‐average‐forecast ensemble approach
Authors: Osinski Robert , Bouttier François 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAn hourly initialized numerical weather prediction model, AROME‐NWC, optimized for nowcasting purposes was used in this study to predict the probabilities of occurrence of convective aviation risks by generating an ensemble of time‐lagged forecasts. The objective is the prediction of echotop and reflectivity maximum based on simulated 3D radar reflectivity columns. Forecasts were postprocessed using an upscaling of the model output fields in order to account for uncertainties in horizontal positions. Simulated radar reflectivities were bias corrected using a quantile‐to‐quantile mapping resulting in an improvement of the ensemble performance. A lagged‐average‐forecast ensemble was then constructed in order to blend mesoscale deterministic and ensemble forecasts, using numerical weather prediction systems that will soon be available in real time. The probabilities of reflectivities predicted by the ensemble are shown to have objective value at thresholds that are meaningful for air traffic control. Possible applications for aviation management purposes are discussed.
Energy response corrections for profile measurements using a combination of different detector types
Authors: Wegener Sonja , Sauer Otto A. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeDifferent detector properties will heavily affect the results of off‐axis measurements outside of radiation fields, where a different energy spectrum is encountered. While a diode detector would show a high spatial resolution, it contains high atomic number elements, which lead to perturbations and energy‐dependent response. An ionization chamber, on the other hand, has a much smaller energy dependence, but shows dose averaging over its larger active volume. We suggest a way to obtain spatial energy response corrections of a detector independent of its volume effect for profiles of arbitrary fields by using a combination of two detectors.MethodsMeasurements were performed at an Elekta Versa HD accelerator equipped with an Agility MLC. Dose profiles of fields between 10 × 4 cm² and 0.6 × 0.6 cm² were recorded several times, first with different small‐field detectors (unshielded diode 60012 and stereotactic field detector SFD, microDiamond, EDGE, and PinPoint 31006) and then with a larger volume ionization chamber Semiflex 31010 for different photon beam qualities of 6, 10, and 18 MV. Correction factors for the small‐field detectors were obtained from the readings of the respective detector and the ionization chamber using a convolution method. Selected profiles were also recorded on film to enable a comparison.ResultsAfter applying the correction factors to the profiles measured with different detectors, agreement between the detectors and with profiles measured on EBT3 film was improved considerably. Differences in the full width half maximum obtained with the detectors and the film typically decreased by a factor of two. Off‐axis correction factors outside of a 10 × 1 cm² field ranged from about 1.3 for the EDGE diode about 10 mm from the field edge to 0.7 for the PinPoint 31006 25 mm from the field edge. The microDiamond required corrections comparable in size to the Si‐diodes and even exceeded the values in the tail region of the field. The SFD was found to require the smallest correction. The corrections typically became larger for higher energies and for smaller field sizes.ConclusionsWith a combination of two detectors, experimentally derived correction factors can be obtained. Application of those factors leads to improved agreement between the measured profiles and those recorded on EBT3 film. The results also complement so far only Monte Carlo‐simulated values for the off‐axis response of different detectors.
Assessing body awareness and autonomic reactivity: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Perception Questionnaire‐Short Form (BPQ‐SF)
Authors: Cabrera Ana , Kolacz Jacek , Pailhez Guillem , Bulbena‐Cabre Andrea , Bulbena Antonio , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBody awareness and reactivity dysfunction are characteristic of a range of psychiatric disorders. Although the neural pathways communicating between the body and brain that contribute to these experiences involve the autonomic nervous system, few research tools for studying subjective bodily experiences have been informed by these neural circuits. This paper describes the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Body Awareness and Autonomic Reactivity subscales of the Body Perception Questionnaire‐Short Form (BPQ‐SF). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to data from three samples collected via the internet in Spain and the US and a college population in the US (combined n = 1320). Body awareness was described by a single factor. Autonomic reactivity reflected unique factors for organs above and below the diaphragm. Subscales showed strong reliability; converged with validation measures; and differed by age, sex, medication use, and self‐reported psychiatric disorder. Post hoc analyses were used to create the 12‐item Body Awareness Very Short Form. Results are discussed in relation to the distinct functions of supra‐ and sub‐diaphragmatic autonomic pathways as proposed by the Polyvagal Theory and their potential dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.
DNP‐enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy of active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Zhao Li , Pinon Arthur C. , Emsley Lyndon , Rossini Aaron J. 
Published: November 2017

Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy has become a valuable tool for the characterization of both pure and formulated active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, NMR generally suffers from poor sensitivity that often restricts NMR experiments to nuclei with favorable properties, concentrated samples, and acquisition of one‐dimensional (1D) NMR spectra. Here, we review how dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be applied to routinely enhance the sensitivity of solid‐state NMR experiments by one to two orders of magnitude for both pure and formulated APIs. Sample preparation protocols for relayed DNP experiments and experiments on directly doped APIs are detailed. Numerical spin diffusion models illustrate the dependence of relayed DNP enhancements on the relaxation properties and particle size of the solids and can be used for particle size determination when the other factors are known. We then describe the advanced solid‐state NMR experiments that have been enabled by DNP and how they provide unique insight into the molecular and macroscopic structure of APIs. For example, with large sensitivity gains provided by DNP, natural isotopic abundance, 13C–13C double‐quantum single‐quantum homonuclear correlation NMR spectra of pure APIs can be routinely acquired. DNP also enables solid‐state NMR experiments with unreceptive quadrupolar nuclei such as 2H, 14N, and 35Cl that are commonly found in APIs. Applications of DNP‐enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy for the molecular level characterization of low API load formulations such as commercial tablets and amorphous solid dispersions are described. Future perspectives for DNP‐enhanced solid‐state NMR experiments on APIs are briefly discussed.
1‐Hexene Polymerization over Supported Titanium–Magnesium Catalyst: The Effect of Composition of the Catalytic System and Polymerization Conditions on Temperature Dependence of the Polymerization Rate
Authors: Echevskaya Ludmila , Zakharov Vladimir , Matsko Mikhail , Nikolaeva Marina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the rate of 1‐hexene polymerization over supported titanium–magnesium catalyst of composition TiCl4/D1/MgCl2 + AlR3/D2 (D1 is dibutyl phthalate, D2 is propyltrimethoxysilane, and AlR3 is an organoaluminum cocatalyst) is studied. The unusual data that the polymer rate decreases when temperature is increased from 30 to 70 °C are obtained. The 1‐hexene polymerization rate and the pattern of changes in polymerization rate with temperature depend on a combination of factors such as cocatalyst (AlEt3 or Al(i‐Bu)3) and presence/absence of hydrogen and an external donor in the reaction mixture. These factors differ in their effects on catalytic activity at different polymerization temperatures, so the temperature coefficient (Eeff) values calculated using the Arrhenius dependence of the polymerization rate on polymerization temperature vary greatly. The “normal” Arrhenius plot where polymerization rate increases with temperature is observed only for polymerization with the Al(i‐Bu)3 cocatalyst in the presence of hydrogen and without an external donor. Formation of high‐molecular‐weight polyhexene at low polymerization temperatures results in catalyst particle fragmentation, which may additionally contribute to the increase in polymerization rate as polymerization temperature is reduced.