bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer‐specific BOLD effects in gradient and spin‐echo acquisitions in somatosensory cortex
Authors: Yang Zhangyan , Arabinda Mishra , Wang Feng , Chen Li Min , Gore John C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have shown varied BOLD signals with gradient echo (GE) across cortical depth. To interpret these variations, and understand the effects of vascular geometry and size, the magnitudes and layer distributions of GE and spin‐echo (SE) BOLD functional MRI signals were compared in the somatosensory cortex of squirrel monkeys during tactile stimulation and in a resting state at high spatial resolution and high field.MethodsA block‐design stimulation was used to identify tactile‐evoked activation signals in somatosensory Areas 3b and 1. Layer‐specific connectivities were calculated using resting‐state data. Signal power spectra were compared by depth and pulse sequence. The measured ratios of transverse relaxation rate changes were compared with Anderson and Weiss's model.ResultsSE signals showed a 26% lower percentage signal change during tactile stimulation compared with GE, along with a slower time course. SE signals remained consistent but weaker in lower layers, whereas GE signals decreased with cortical depth. This pattern extended to resting‐state power spectra. Resting‐state functional connectivity indicated larger connectivity between the top layers of Area 3b and Area 1 for GE, with minimal changes for SE. Comparisons with theory suggest vessel diameters ranging from 19.4 to 9 microns are responsible for BOLD effects across cortical layers at 9.4 T.ConclusionThese results provide further evidence that at high field, SE BOLD signals are relatively free of contributions from sources other than microvascular changes in response to neural activity, whereas GE signals, even in the superficial layers, are not dominated by very large vessels.
Computational Justification Towards Detection of Dual Anions on a Single Molecular Platform: The Role of Solvent in Decoration of Dual Channels
Authors: Paul Suvendu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRatiometric optical detection of analytes is a convenient strategy as the technique is devoid of relative error and background correction. Herein, solvent‐guided ratiometric optical recognition of fluoride and bisulfate anions by a low‐cost, “off‐the‐shelf” bioactive molecule, harmane (HRH) is thoroughly explored. Interestingly, solvent plays a dynamic role in the selective recognition of the dual anions via the dual channels of HRH in an intelligent manner. The probe displays high‐fidelity recognition behavior towards fluoride ion in an aprotic solvent (acetonitrile) and towards bisulfate ion in a protic environment (acetonitrile/water; 5:1; v/v). Both the channels of HRH are very selective for a particular anion (F−/HSO4−) in a specific solvent. Organized and comprehensive theoretical calculation denotes that hydrogen bonding between the acidic pyrrolic proton of HRH and fluoride for the first channel and the acidic proton of bisulfate and the pyridinic nitrogen for the second channel of HRH led to the formation of a hydrogen‐bonded ion pair (HBIP). Consequently, significant optical changes are observed in the visible region, which is convenient for real‐life detection of F− and HSO4− independently. The essential role of solvent in tuning the dual channels of HRH is an important artifact in the literature of fundamental photochemistry.
Intrabronchial schwannoma with right lower lobe obstructive bronchiectasis and organizing pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Lu Bo‐Hsiang , Jiang You‐Cheng , Liang Jang‐Shian , Tsai Ping‐Chung , Tang En‐Kuei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the case of a 60‐year‐old female patient with no prior history of any systemic disease. She suffered from a prolonged cough that lasted more than 3 months, associated with poor appetite and weight loss of 5 kg. The pathology report of the pre‐operative transbronchial needle biopsy was consistent with a neurogenic tumour. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a right lower lobe (RLL) mass‐like consolidation of 8.67 cm with obstructive pneumonitis and suspicious posterior mediastinal invasion. The tumour was surgically resected with bronchial reconstruction, and the pathological diagnosis was intrabronchial schwannoma located inside the bronchus, a rare tumour that should be included as one of the differential diagnoses of primary bronchial tumours. The possibility of a surgical completed resection should be considered in patients with airway obstruction symptoms.
Machine learning model‐based optimal tracking control of nonlinear affine systems with safety constraints
Authors: Wang Yujia , Wu Zhe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the development of a machine learning (ML) model‐based framework for safe optimal tracking control of a class of nonlinear control‐affine systems to ensure simultaneous closed‐loop stability and safety. Specifically, a novel multilayer feedforward neural network (FNN) with a control‐affine architecture is designed to model nonlinear dynamic systems. Subsequently, a model‐based reinforcement learning (RL) framework is presented, utilizing a novel cost function with Control Lyapunov‐Barrier Function (CLBF) properties, to learn both the control policy and the optimal value function for an infinite‐horizon optimal tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with safety constraints. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through simulations of a one‐link robot manipulator and a chemical process example.
Reinforced Nacre‐Like MXene/Sodium Alginate Composite Films for Bioinspired Actuators Driven by Moisture and Sunlight
Authors: Sun Linchao , Che Lixuan , Li Ming , Chen Kai , Leng Xu , Long Yaojia , Guo Xiaoxi , Palma Matteo , Lu Yao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMXene‐based soft actuators have attracted increasing attention and shown competitive performance in various intelligent devices such as supercapacitors, bionic robots and artificial muscles. However, the development of robust MXene‐based actuators with multi‐stimuli responsiveness remains challenging. In this study, a nacre‐like structure soft actuator based on MXene and sodium alginate (SA) composite films is prepared using a straightforward solvent casting self‐assembly method, which not only enhances the mechanical performance (tensile strength of 72 MPa) but also diversifies the stimuli responsiveness of the material. The composite actuators can be powered by external stimuli from renewable energy sources, from moisture inducing a maximum bending angle of 190 degrees at a relative humidity (RH) of 91%, and sunlight irradiation generating a maximum curvature of 1.45 cm−1 under 100 mW cm−2. The feasibility of practical applications, including moisture‐responsive flowers and walkers, sunlight‐responsive oscillators, and smart switches, is demonstrated through comprehensive experimental characterization and performance evaluation. The work presented here provides insight into the design of robust actuators via the utilization and conversion of environmentally renewable energy sources.
Single‐Molecule Investigation of Load‐Dependent Actomyosin Dissociation Kinetics for Cardiac and Slow Skeletal Myosin
Authors: Wang Tianbang , Nayak Arnab , Kraft Theresia , Amrute‐Nayak Mamta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyosins are ATP‐powered, force‐generating motor proteins involved in cardiac and muscle contraction. The external load experienced by the myosins modulates and coordinates their function in vivo. Here, this study investigates the tension‐sensing mechanisms of rabbit native β‐cardiac myosin (βM‐II) and slow skeletal myosins (SolM‐II) that perform in different physiological settings. Using mobile optical tweezers with a square wave‐scanning mode, a range of external assisting and resisting loads from 0 to 15 pN is exerted on single myosin molecules as they interact with the actin filament. Influenced of load on specific strongly‐bound states in the cross‐bridge cycle is examined by adjusting the [ATP]. The results implies that the detachment kinetics of actomyosin ADP.Pi strongly‐bound force‐generating state are load sensitive. Low assisting load accelerates, while the resisting load hinders the actomyosin detachment, presumably, by slowing both the Pi and ADP release. However, under both high assisting and resisting load, the rate of actomyosin dissociation decelerates. The transition from actomyosin ADP.Pi to ADP state appears to occur with a higher probability for βM‐II than SolM‐II. This study interpret that dissociation of at least three strongly‐bound actomyosin states are load‐sensitive and may contribute to functional diversity among different myosins.
Spatiotemporally Guided Single‐Atom Bionanozyme for Targeted Antibiofilm Treatment
Authors: Huang Lunjie , Pu Hongbin , Sun Da‐Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneous and dynamic microenvironment of biofilms complicates bacterial infection treatment. Nanozyme catalytic therapy has recently been promising in treating biofilm infections. However, active nanozymes designed with the required precision targeting the biofilm microenvironment are lacking. This work proposes a spatiotemporally guided single‐atom bionanozyme (BioSAzyme) for targeted antibiofilm therapy based on protein engineering of copper single‐atom nanozyme (Cu SAzyme). The Cu SAzyme, synthesized via a novel mechanochemistry‐assisted method, features highly accessible Cu–N4 active sites exposed on 2D N‐doped carbon, exhibiting excellent triple enzyme‐like activities according to experimental results and density functional theory calculations. Inheriting biofunctionality from both glucose oxidase and concanavalin A, BioSAzyme can localize the biofilm glycocalyx and catalyze endogenous glucose into H₂O₂ and gluconic acid, thus triggering multiplex cascade reactions with pH self‐adaption to consume glucose and glutathione and generate •OH radicals. This spatiotemporally guided bionanocatalytic agent effectively inhibits E. coli O157: H7 and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Taking together, this work opens up new avenues for the rational design of single‐atom nanozymes for precise antibiofilm therapy.
Employee power needs, leadership, and employee organizational commitment: A case study of high‐tech enterprises
Authors: Zhang Ao , Shi Xiaoqi , Du Xiaomin , Miao Murong , Li Feifei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndustry 4.0 brings opportunities and challenges to organizations. Studies have shown that employees with higher power needs have a higher level of organizational commitment, which is also affected by transactional leadership. However, existing studies lack effective conversion pathways and do not adapt to the new environment of Industry 4.0. From a systematic perspective, this paper covers eight high‐tech fields, such as electronic information, biotechnology, and medicine, and establishes a comprehensive model. We use multi‐level regression analysis and the bootstrap method to explore the transformation path of employee power needs to organizational commitment. The results show that in high‐tech enterprises, employee power needs positively affect out‐of‐role behaviours, and there is also a positive correlation between out‐of‐role behaviour and organizational commitment. In addition, employee out‐of‐role behaviours play mediating roles. Transactional leadership moderates the relationship between out‐of‐role behaviours and organizational commitment. This study explains (1) the driving force of employee power needs on out‐of‐role behaviours and (2) the complexity of changing organizational commitments, and expands the adjustment path of leadership. This study considers the enterprise as a system that helps various departments carry out collaborative actions and produce a synergistic effect, thereby improving the organizational commitment of employees and the overall effectiveness of the enterprise. It is of great significance to the management optimization and leader motivation of high‐tech enterprises, especially Industry 4.0 strategic emerging enterprises. In the future, we can also develop a system for leadership and employee power needs to help organizations analyse organizational commitment to improve organizational efficiency.
Geoid Computation for the Future Circular Collider at CERN
Authors: Koch Julia Azumi , Marti Urs , Herrera Pinzón Iván Darío , Willi Daniel , Soja Benedikt , Rothacher Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the scope of initial studies for a post-LHC (Large Hadron Collider) particle accelerator, the design and feasibility of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) at CERN are studied. In the FCC Geodesy project, which belongs to these initial studies, a high-precision geoid model for the significantly larger FCC area will be computed. The pre-alignment of the magnets and thrusters in the tunnel requires a very accurate high-resolution local geoid model with a precision of up to 30 $$\upmu \mbox{m}$$
μ
m
over 225 m.The data sets containing gravity and deflections of the vertical measurements are described. Then, an overview of the existing (quasi)geoid models in the area is shown and representative models are compared to a newly calculated quasigeoid model. This model is the first gravitational (quasi)geoid model that was estimated specifically for this region in a least-squares adjustment. The highest correspondence of the preliminary FCC Quasigeoid was found with CHQua04 published by Switzerland and RAF20, which is a hybrid regional quasigeoid for France. The smallest offset between two models was found between the FCC Quasigeoid and XGM2019. A comparison of the new solution with GNSS-levelling datasets showed a good agreement with a standard deviations of $$<1$$
<
1
cm in the region of interest.This publication aims to provide an overview of the objectives of the FCC Geodesy project, to show the available data sets of gravity and deflections of the vertical measurements and the results of a first comparison of existing and the newly calculated FCC (quasi)geoid with GNSS-levelling points.
Let’s Talk About Land: A Tale of Two Narratives in Gender and Agricultural Development
Authors: Tufan Hale Ann , Sidle Aubryn , Kintzi Kendra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes dominant narratives around gender and agricultural development and how they relate to critical feminist thought, between 1970–2020. We outline our heuristic approach by introducing the idea of the gender tree to frame the argument, and to summarize major strains in feminist theoretical frameworks. We present two historical narratives to illustrate liberal and critical approaches: The undying allure of liberal feminism: Gender and agricultural development, and Critical approaches to land and gender justice. We show how the mainstream narratives in agricultural development largely continued to address the consequences of gender inequality, while more critical approaches focused on land rights and access, challenging and targeting the root causes of gender-inequality. We bring attention to the need to put these two narratives more regularly in conversation, for mainstream gender and agriculture narratives to move closer to addressing the root causes of inequality through gender-transformative approaches, community interventions and a focus on gender norms and masculinities.
The Early Embedding of Hegemonic Masculinity in International AR4D: Norman Borlaug, His Ways of Working and Their Gendered Implications
Authors: Wong Franz F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims to better understand how agricultural research for development (AR4D) has been historically constituted as gendered practice by tracing early influences on wheat agronomy research. I develop a historical account of Norman Borlaug and his agronomic innovations to make visible early gendered research practices. While these were common during the time of Borlaug’s seminal work in the 1950s, I explore how they have, in their essence, been reproduced as hegemonic masculine practice. In particular, the mobilization of the “ideal” wheat researcher, through repetitive, stylized acts such as fieldwork, are concerned with gender performativity. Specific ways of working then get reproduced through professional development and career advancement opportunities and served as a basis for inclusion and exclusion of what it is to be a wheat researcher. They are gendered in that it is generally men who could avail themselves of such opportunities as they were generally free of social reproduction activities, yet benefited from them. Conversely, those who undertook such care work, mainly women, have been more challenged to succeed as agronomists within the prevailing work paradigm. I also suggest that upholding such masculinized norms of work can have adverse health and personal well-being implications for men and others who pursue such practices.
The Tyranny of Tools: The Politics of Knowledge Production in Gender Research
Authors: Cullen Beth , Lefore Nicole , Debevec Liza , Snyder Katherine A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the trajectory of analytical frameworks and gender tools intended to understand and address the challenges and inequities that shape women’s engagement in agriculture. We argue that while a focus on tools in many agricultural development projects can help to identify barriers faced by women, it often does little to address the structural inequality in which women are embedded. We highlight the tendencies of tool-led gender analysis within agricultural projects to: (1) detach tools from their theoretical frameworks, (2) ignore the structural and socio-political obstacles to gender equality in specific contexts, and (3) view tools as silver bullets to address “gender problems” while primarily serving technical agendas. We argue that the co-option, sanitization and de-politicization of gender tools is partly the result of social scientists having to fit within institutional systems dominated by certain scientific logics, frameworks, disciplinary orientations, and social norms. We recommend that meaningful attempts to facilitate gender equality and women’s empowerment should be based on politically informed, contextualized understandings that are relevant to people’s lived realities, rather than concepts, tools, and data that are externally constructed and applied by outsiders to meet normative scientific, donor, and development agendas.
An Intersectional Approach to Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D)
Authors: Tavenner Katie , Crane Todd A. , Bullock Renee , Galiè Alessandra , Campos Hugo , Katothya Gerald 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOriginating nearly 40 years ago in black feminist thought, the concept of intersectionality has become established as an analytical lens and social theory to account for and better understand multiple and compounding identities and how they influence discrimination and privilege. Within agricultural research for development (AR4D), intersectional approaches are relatively novel compared to traditional gender and social analyses, and to date there are limited tools and empirical studies in AR4D that have adopted such an approach. Without a strong conceptual and methodological foundation, future intersectional approaches in AR4D risk treating multiple identities as standalone “tick box” variables, and not as a holistic way of understanding and addressing these multiple sources of marginalization. To emphasize the potential value-addition of deeper engagement with intersectionality, this chapter outlines the state-of-the-field on intersectional analyses in AR4D and how they are situated within wider gender mainstreaming in international development. Using an empirical case study on index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) in Northern Kenya, the chapter demonstrates an intersectional analysis in AR4D, based on a new conceptual framework and method (Tavenner et al. Gend Technol Dev 26(3):385–403, 2022). This chapter explores how AR4D can deepen its understanding of intersectionality and the potential integration of this concept in a meaningful way that supports addressing multiple layers of inequalities and marginalization in agricultural research methods and practice.
Reinforcing or Obscuring Refugee Rights? The Roles of Vulnerability in Norwegian Asylum Practices
Authors: Schultz Jessica , Lidén Hilde 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the ambivalent status of ‘vulnerability’ in the human rights discourse dominating the Norwegian asylum regime and welfare practices involving protection seekers. On the one hand, vulnerability factors are addressed through accommodations in reception and asylum procedures, and they implicitly inform the substantive assessment of the refugee claim. In other words, the concept of vulnerability helps calibrate the interpretation and implementation of human rights norms to secure procedural justice and contextualized assessments of risk. On the other hand, migrant vulnerability is sometimes positioned in opposition to refugee rights, as something to be considered on a humanitarian, and therefore discretionary, basis. We discuss the implications of this ambivalence for affected migrants and how vulnerabilities are further shaped by increasingly strict immigration policies even after a person’s protection needs have been recognized.
Positionalities in Research and the Question of Migrants’ Vulnerability
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina , Brun Cathrine , Crine Zoé , Flamand Christine , Raimondo Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Chapter aims to reflect on the importance of different views on vulnerability, taking it as an example of the ways in which the same categories that are applied to talk about inequalities are differently shaped by the various contexts in which they are produced, shared and circulated (Anthias et al. Paradoxes of integration: female migrants in Europe. Springer, Berlin, 2012; Yuval-Davis N. Raisons politiques 58:91–100, 2015). Based on the interviews collected by the VULNER research teams, the Chapter discusses the tension between views on vulnerability held by migrants, legal experts and social workers. The tension has been a prolific source of inspiration for the researchers, inviting us to take a self-reflexive stand on the way the use of academic working-definitions, such as vulnerability, can bring about unexpected consequences and therefore affect our understanding of reality. The Chapter emphasises the interaction between our positionality (as researchers) and the positionality of the people we interviewed. The analysis represents a way to reflect on the challenges of comparative and ethnographic methodologies through the lenses of feminist and general critical scholarship on knowledge production.