bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro performance of cost differentiated ceftriaxone brands against Escherichia coli: insights from a tertiary referral hospital in Mbeya, Tanzania
Authors: Nsojo Anthony , Mbotwa Christopher , Rweyemamu Linus , Mbwanji Godlove , Wilson Frank , George Lutengano , Mwasomola Davance , Mweya Clement N , Mwakyula Issakwisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In Tanzania, ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. However, there is quite a significant variation in cost for numerous ceftriaxone brands, leading to the perception that pricier options are more effective. Yet, limited empirical data support this perception.

Methods
Five ceftriaxone brands with a wide price range were tested in vitro against a ceftriaxone-sensitive Escherichia coli clinical isolate using microdilution and spectrophotometry. Brands were evaluated across a spectrum of concentrations. Bacterial growth inhibition was measured using optical density. Analysis of variance was used to compare the bacterial optical densities among the brands.

Results
All brands were comparable at all tested concentrations, with peak inhibition above 1.95 mg/L.

Conclusions
Despite significant price disparities, low-cost and high-cost ceftriaxone brands demonstrated similar in vitro performance against E. coli. This challenges the notion that higher-priced options offer better performance. Further, in vivo studies are recommended to validate these findings.
Barriers to obtaining and using interoperable information among non-federal acute care hospitals
Authors: Everson Jordan , Richwine Chelsea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To understand barriers to obtaining and using interoperable information at US hospitals.

Materials and Methods
Using 2023 nationally representative survey data on US hospitals (N = 2420), we examined major and minor barriers to exchanging information with other organizations, and how barriers vary by hospital characteristics and methods used to obtain information. Using a series of regression models, we examined how hospital experiences with barriers relate to routine use of information at responding hospitals.

Results
In 2023, most hospitals experienced at least one minor (81%) or major (62%) barrier to exchange, with the most common major barriers relating to different vendors and exchange partners’ capabilities. Higher-resourced hospitals and those often using network-based exchange tended to experience more minor barriers whereas lower-resourced hospitals and those often using mail/fax or direct access to outside electronic health records experienced more major barriers. In multivariate regression, hospitals indicating “Patient matching” and “Costs to exchange” were a major or minor barrier had the strongest independent negative association with the likelihood of reporting providers at their hospital frequently use information from outside organizations.

Discussion
Despite progress in interoperable exchange, various barriers remain. The prevalence of barriers varied by hospital type and methods used, with barriers more often preventing exchange for lower-resourced hospitals and those using outdated exchange methods.

Conclusion
While several technical and policy efforts are underway to address prevalent barriers, it will be important to monitor whether efforts are successful in ensuring information from outside organizations can be seamlessly exchanged and used to inform patient care.
Q-Marker Prediction of Astragali Complanati Semen Based on Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Jia Xiaozhou , Lv Weisheng , Wei Cuijie , Liang Yueyi , Yang Jie , Hou Xuxuan , Li Zhenyu , Chen Xiangdong , Wei Mei , Sun Dongmei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Astragali Complanati, known in Chinese as Shayuanzi, is a common medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly used for tonifying the kidney, supporting yang, consolidating essence, reducing urine, and other diseases.

Objective
The ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint of Astragali Complanati Semen (ACS) was established, and the Q-markers of ACS were analyzed by network pharmacology.

Methods
First, a UPLC fingerprint detection method was established for ACS, and the common peaks were identified by UPLC–MS/MS. The “component–target–pathway” network relationships of characteristic components of ACS were constructed by network pharmacology, and the potential quality markers (Q-markers) were predicted.

Results
A total of 24 common peaks were identified from the UPLC fingerprint of ACS, and 12 chromatographic peaks were identified by UPLC–MS/MS. A total of 12 Q-markers candidate components were screened out. Through network pharmacological analysis, it is predicted that myricetin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1–2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1–6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1–2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-β-D-glucopyranoside, cannabiscitrin, laricitrin-3-O-glucoside, leucoside, complanatoside B, complanatuside, complanatuside 6''-malonate, clycosin, rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 3-O-[5'''-O-feruloyl-beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1'''-&gt;2'')-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] rhamnocitrin are the Q-markers of ACS.

Conclusion
The method established in this study was accurate, reliable, simple, and practical and could be used as a reference method for ACS quality detection. Twelve Q-markers selected by network pharmacology could provide support and references for ACS QC.
End Column Reverse Chromatography as a Novel Approach for Enhanced Separation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Soliman Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Currently, the most popular technique in gas chromatography (GC) is “temperature programming,” where the temperature increases from the start of the injection. This leads to faster elution of analytes compared to isothermal methods. However, isothermal methods are considered optimal for separating compounds with similar retention times. Another interesting technique that provides higher resolution is dynamic thermal gradient gas chromatography (TGGC), where separations are achieved as a decreasing thermal gradient. This gradually decreases the positive gas velocity. Nevertheless, it was proven that GC techniques with negative velocity gradients do not improve the resolution of compounds with nearly identical retention times.

Objective
Optimizing a new GC approach to combine both the short time from positive temperature ramps programming, and the enhanced separation of the negative ramps of the TGGC, a model under the name of “end column reverse chromatography” (ECRC).

Methods
The process simply consists of two steps: the first is a normal positive ramp from the start of the injection, and the second step is a negative thermal ramp at a time that is around the retention time of the first eluting peak. This will decrease the solute velocity almost solely for the second compound, leading to relatively enhanced separation.

Results
The optimized ECRC method increased the resolution of two isomers (trans- and cis-chlordane) from 1 (slightly overlapping) in the case of temperature programming to 2.78 as shown in this study. This comes at the expense of the width and intensity of the peaks, where the intensity decreased about 17 and 12% for cis- and trans-chlordane, and the peak width increased with 37 and 77% for the same compounds, respectively.

Conclusions
ECRC is a novel model for enhanced separation that comes with some drawbacks.

Highlights
It can be an alternative approach to get a fast GC method with enhanced separation for isomers.
PET Imaging of Breast Cancer: Current Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Edmonds Christine E , O’Brien Sophia R , McDonald Elizabeth S , Mankoff David A , Pantel Austin R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As molecular imaging use expands for patients with breast cancer, it is important for breast radiologists to have a basic understanding of molecular imaging, including PET. Although breast radiologists may not directly interpret such studies, basic knowledge of molecular imaging will enable the radiologist to better direct diagnostic workup of patients as well as discuss diagnostic imaging with the patient and other treating physicians. Several new tracers are now available to complement imaging glucose metabolism with FDG. Because it provides a noninvasive assessment of disease status across the whole body, PET offers specific advantages over tissue-based assays. Paired with targeted therapy, molecular imaging has the potential to guide personalized treatment of breast cancer, including guiding dosing during drug trials as well as predicting and assessing clinical response. This review discusses the current established applications of FDG, which remains the most widely used PET radiotracer for malignancy, including breast cancer, and highlights potential areas for expanded use based on recent research. It also summarizes research to date on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved PET tracer 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-estradiol (FES), which targets ER, including the current guidelines from the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging on the appropriate use of FES-PET/CT for breast cancer as well as areas of active investigation for other potential applications. Finally, the review highlights several of the most promising novel PET tracers that are poised for clinical translation in the near future.
Copyist or Creative? The Emergence of the Woman Fashion Artist in Britain, 1880–1920
Authors: Rose Clare 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The period between 1880 and 1914 was a critical time for the redefinition of high fashion as a form of art, with couture garments displayed at international exhibitions and couturiers like Paul Poiret claiming the legal protection applied to artworks for his fashion designs. At the same time, a massive expansion in illustrated journals and catalogs selling mass-produced garments offered new possibilities for graphic artists, including women trained in the applied arts by public and private colleges. These trends intersected in the figure of the female “fashion artist,” who conceived new designs or presented them to the public—but did not stitch them. In some cases, this person was a designer working for a dressmaking firm or sample house, while others were copyists of existing garments. This article will analyze surviving documents produced by British women fashion artists; examine the life cycle of fashion artists, as revealed in census data; analyze the pathways for training and career development; and consider the ways in which fashion artists were discussed in women’s magazines, both as role models for employment and as fashion mediators.
Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum and aegilopoides: new sources of resistance to the dipteran pest, Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Liu Aifeng , Nemacheck Jill A , Li Hongwei , Anderson Kirk M , DeWitt Noah , Harris Marion O , Xu Steven S , Subramanyam Subhashree 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) belonging to the order Diptera (family: Cecidomyiidae), is a destructive pest of host wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) causing significant economic losses. Although planting resistant wheat cultivars harboring an effective Hessian fly resistance gene (H) is the most economical and environmentally friendly pest management strategy, it imposes selection pressure on the insect populations and can lead to the evolution of Hessian fly virulence. This results in the eventual failure of the deployed H gene. New sources and novel types of resistance are urgently needed to expand the repertoire of H genes and enable strategies that are more effective and durable over the long-term. New sources of Hessian fly resistance have been identified from tetraploid (T. turgidum L., AABB) and hexaploid (T. aestivum, AABBDD) wheat species, as well as from wheat’s D-genome donor (Aegilops tauschii Coss., DD). In contrast, diploid einkorn wheat (T. monococcum L., AA) has not been extensively explored for Hessian fly resistance. In this study, we phenotyped 506 T. monococcum accessions belonging to 2 subspecies, T. monococcum L. subsp. monococcum (205 accessions) and T. monococcum subsp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell. (301 accessions), for resistance against 2 predominant Hessian fly biotypes, L and GP (Great Plains). Three and 6 accessions belonging to subsp. monococcum and aegilopoides, respectively, showed &gt; 70% resistance. These accessions provide additional resources for improving wheat cultivars as mitigating strategies for Hessian fly management.
More efficient, smaller multicancer screening trials
Authors: Sasieni Peter , Brentnall Adam R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The NHS-Galleri Trial has demonstrated feasibility of a trial design in which all participants provide a “sample” for screening, but only samples from the intervention arm are tested and acted upon during the trial. We assessed the efficiency of analysis methods when the control arm may be retrospectively tested at the time of analysis.

Methods
Analyses considered were (1) the traditional method (random allocation, with all events included), (2) the “intended-effect” method (nested in those individuals who tested positive in both arms and all events therein), and (3) the targeted method (by random allocation but with an endpoint “test-positive event”). These methods are compared using approximate statistical methods and scenario analysis.

Results
Provided that the number of individuals who die from cancer after a test-positive sample is a small fraction of the total number who die from cancer, intended-effect and targeted analyses require a much smaller sample size to evaluate cancer-specific mortality than the traditional approach. Intended-effect analysis has a smaller sample size requirement than targeted analysis does. This gain is substantial only when the risk of cancer death in individuals testing positive is high.

Conclusion
Intended-effect or targeted analysis may substantially reduce the sample size needed to evaluate cancer-specific mortality in blood-based screening trials. Targeted analysis requires many fewer retrospective tests and avoids potential problems arising from the need to inform those individuals whose stored samples test positive. Trialists should consider the trade-off of costs between sample size and retrospective testing requirements when choosing the analysis method.
Changes in the frequency and amount of alcohol intake before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nagahama Satsue , Dhungel Bibha , Hori Ai , Michikawa Takehiro , Asakura Keiko , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption patterns, which can have implications for public health. In this descriptive study, we aimed to show the change in the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption in Japan before and during the COVID-19 pandemic periods.
Methods: We analyzed data from annual health checkups among Japanese workers from April 2018 to March 2021. Changes in the frequency (daily, occasionally, rarely/never) and amount per one-time (4 categories by Japanese alcohol unit) of alcohol consumed among 331 200 participants were summarized by sex as 1-year changes in the periods before (fiscal year [FY] 2018 to FY 2019) and during (FY 2019 to FY 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Among daily drinkers and rarely/never drinkers, overall, 1-year changes in the frequency of alcohol consumption during the pandemic were mostly consistent with changes before the pandemic, for both sexes. The number of occasional drinkers who drank less frequently a year later increased during the pandemic compared with before the pandemic (from 9.6% to 11.6% among men and from 12.9% to 16.5% among women); however, occasional drinkers who drank more frequently showed a small increase. Collectively, both men and women showed a slight decrease in both the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption during the pandemic among occasional drinkers.
Conclusions: No major shifts in alcohol consumption habits occurred during the pandemic in our study population. Occasional drinkers tended to drink less during the pandemic, suggesting that initial concerns about increased alcohol consumption owing to the pandemic were unfounded.
Learning to Burn: A Case Study on the Redesign of Federal Prescribed Fire Training in the United States Using the Twelve Levers of Transfer Effectiveness
Authors: Heward Heather , Holyoke Laura , Kobziar Leda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lack of effectively trained personnel is a barrier to increasing safe and effective prescribed burning. The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) identified a need to redesign the required training to become a federally qualified burn boss. The redesign uses strengths of subject matter experts while considering best practices for training development and delivery using the twelve levers of transfer effectiveness as a framework. This article serves as a reference for developing and delivering courses in and outside of wildland fire by applying the most up-to-date understanding of adult learning for improved training effectiveness. The ideas presented in this article support continued development of practitioners to accomplish land management objectives.
Study Implications: Strategic development and implementation of burn boss training may increase the likelihood that burn bosses can safely and effectively implement prescribed burns. This article presents a case study for applying key adult learning methods to improve training effectiveness that can be applied to other training topics in and outside wildland fire management.
PPDC: an online platform for the prediction of plant distributions in China
Authors: Qiu Jinshui , Zhang Jianwen , Wang Yanan , Zhuang Huifu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The survival and reproduction of plants in a particular region are closely related to the local ecological niche. The use of species distribution models based on the ecological niche concept to predict potential distributions can effectively guide the protection of endangered plants, prevention and control of invasive plants, and plant introduction and ex-situ conservation. However, traditional methods and processes for predicting potential distributions of plants are tedious and complex, requiring the collection and processing of large amounts of data and the manual operation of multiple tools. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve large-scale prediction of the potential distributions of plants. To address these limitations, by collecting and organizing a large amount of basic data, occurrence records, and environmental data and integrating species distribution models and mapping techniques, a workflow to automatically predict the potential distributions of Chinese plants was established, thus the innovative work of predicting the potential distributions of 32 000 species of plants in China was completed. Furthermore, an online platform for predicting plant distributions in China based on visualization technology was developed, providing a basis for sharing the prediction results across a wide range of scientists and technologists. Users can quickly access information about the potential distributions of plants in China, providing a reference for the collection, preservation, and protection of plant resources. In addition, users can quickly predict the potential distribution of a certain plant in a certain region across China according to specific needs, thus providing technical support for biodiversity conservation.
Sparse inference of the human haematopoietic system from heterogeneous and partially observed genomic data
Authors: Sottile Gianluca , Augugliaro Luigi , Vinciotti Veronica , Arancio Walter , Coronnello Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Haematopoiesis is the process of blood cells’ formation, with progenitor stem cells differentiating into mature forms such as white and red blood cells or platelets. While progenitor cells share regulatory pathways involving common nuclear factors, specific networks shape their fate towards particular lineages. This paper analyses the complex regulatory network that drives the formation of mature red blood cells and platelets from their common precursors. Using the latest reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR genomic data, we develop a dedicated graphical model that incorporates the effect of external genomic data and allows inference of regulatory networks from the high-dimensional and partially observed data.
Modelling particle number size distribution: a continuous approach
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Israel , Euán Carolina , Burr Wesley S , Meis Melanie , Blangiardo Marta , Pirani Monica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is well known to be detrimental to health, and it is crucial to apportion PM into the underlying sources to target policies. Particle number size distribution (PNSD) is the most accessible data to identify these sources, which provides information on the PM sizes. Here, we propose a new functional factor model for PNSD, which allows to disentangle PM into sources and contributions while considering the complex dependencies of the data across different sizes and periods. Through a simulation study, we show that this method is able to identify sources correctly, and we use it to analyse hourly PNSD data collected in London for 7 years, finding 6 well-defined sources. Our proposed methodology is fast, accurate, and reproducible.
Comparing the Accuracy of Conventional Gypsum and 3D-Printed Dental Casts Using Three-Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Thomson Bradley J , Hu Eric , Masterson Robert 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dental impressions and casts play a critical role in dental care, facilitating diagnoses and the fabrication of prostheses. Traditional methods of fabrication involve elastomeric materials that are more prone to errors and patient discomfort. Digital advancements offer promising alternatives, yet their accuracy and applicability to military dentistry remain under-explored. This study evaluates the accuracy of digital casts produced with material available in the Military Health System compared to conventional methods.

Materials and Methods
Using a digital (n = 10) and analog (n = 10) methodology casts were fabricated from a reference cast (n = 1). The reference and cast samples were scanned with a reference scanner to generate stereolithography files. These files were used to generate full arch, single crown, fixed dental prosthesis, and inlay digital casts which were then compared using a three-dimensional (3D) comparison software to evaluate accuracy. Root mean square values were obtained, giving a quantitative evaluation of the deviation of each sample from the reference cast. Statistical analysis consisted of a Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test to account for homogeneity of variances in each group. An ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used to determine differences in accuracy among the full arch and a two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test evaluated differences in trueness among the casts of the individual preparations.

Results
Analog full arch casts had an average root mean square of 106 ±19.18 µm when examining trueness and 12 ±2.58 µm for precision. Digital full arch casts had an average root mean square of 51.9 ±5.39 µm when examining trueness and 4.2 ±1.57 µm for precision. Overall digital casts surpassed analog counterparts in accuracy. Fixed dental prostheses were found to be the only group, which showed no statistically significant difference between digital and analog.

Conclusion
These findings validate the potential of digital workflows in enhancing the speed and accuracy of dental care in the Military Health System, while underscoring the need for further exploration and refinement in specific clinical contexts.