bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of electromagnetic waves generated by free-running self-oscillating devices
Authors: Hisatake Shintaro , Nakajima Hikaru , Nguyen Pham Hai Huy , Uchida Hirohisa , Tojyo Makoto , Oikawa Yoichi , Miyaji Kunio , Nagatsuma Tadao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNear-field mapping has proven to be a powerful technique for characterizing and diagnosing antennas in the microwave frequency range. However, conventional measurement methods based on a network analyzer cannot be applied to on-chip antenna devices extensively studied for future wireless communication in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) (30–300 GHz) and terahertz (THz) wave (0.1–10 THz) frequency regions. Here, we present a new asynchronous mapping technique to investigate the spatial distribution of not only the amplitude but also the phase of the electric field generated by free-running, self-oscillating generators including CMOS oscillators, Gunn oscillators, resonant tunneling diodes, and quantum cascaded lasers. Using a photonic-electronic hybrid measurement system, a wide frequency coverage, minimal invasiveness of the field to be measured, and phase distribution measurements with a theoretically-limited sensitivity are simultaneously achieved. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate the mapping of a mm-wave (77 GHz) generated by a free-running Gunn oscillator and antenna characterization based on near-to-far field transformation.
Neuropilin 1 sequestration by neuropathogenic mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase is permissive to vascular homeostasis
Authors: Sleigh James N. , Gómez-Martín Adriana , Wei Na , Bai Ge , Yang Xiang-Lei , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mechanism by which dominantly inherited mutations in the housekeeping gene GARS, which encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS), mediate selective peripheral nerve toxicity resulting in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) is still largely unresolved. The transmembrane receptor protein neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) was recently identified as an aberrant extracellular binding partner of mutant GlyRS. Formation of the Nrp1/mutant GlyRS complex antagonises Nrp1 interaction with one of its main natural ligands, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), contributing to neurodegeneration. However, reduced extracellular binding of VEGF-A to Nrp1 is known to disrupt post-natal blood vessel development and growth. We therefore analysed the vascular system at early and late symptomatic time points in CMT2D mouse muscles, retina, and sciatic nerve, as well as in embryonic hindbrain. Mutant tissues show no difference in blood vessel diameter, density/growth, and branching from embryonic development to three months, spanning the duration over which numerous sensory and neuromuscular phenotypes manifest. Our findings indicate that mutant GlyRS-mediated disruption of Nrp1/VEGF-A signalling is permissive to maturation and maintenance of the vasculature in CMT2D mice.
The receptor genes PfBMPR1B and PfBAMBI are involved in regulating shell biomineralization in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata
Authors: Li Shiguo , Liu Yangjia , Huang Jingliang , Zhan Aibin , Xie Liping , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway is most likely involved in shell biomineralization in molluscs, but the function of pathway receptors is poorly studied. Here, we cloned and identified two homologous BMP receptor genes,PfBMPR1BandPfBAMBI, from the pearl oysterPinctada fucata. Real-time quantitative PCR andin situhybridization revealed that these genes were expressed in mantle edge and pallial, specifically located at the outer epithelia. Knockdown ofPfBMPR1Bby RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased the expression levels of matrix protein (MP) genes and induced the abnormal ultrastructure of prismatic and nacreous layers. Conversely, knockdown ofPfBAMBIsignificantly increased the expression levels of a portion of MP genes and induced the overgrowth of nacreous layer crystals. In the RNAi and shell notching experiments, MP gene expressions were competitively regulated byPfBMPR1BandPfBAMBI. In addition, the receptor inhibitor LDN193189 reduced the expression levels of MP genes in mantle primary cells and larvae, and induced abnormal D-shaped shell formation during larval development. Collectively, these results clearly show thatPfBMPR1BandPfBAMBIare involved in regulating shell biomineralization inP.fucata. Our study therefore provides the direct evidence that BMP receptors participate in mollusc biomineralization.
Metabolic activity of mature biofilms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: Solokhina Anna , Brückner David , Bonkat Gernot , Braissant Olivier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMycobacteria are classified into two groups, fast- and slow-growing. Often, fast-growing mycobacteria are assumed to have a higher metabolic activity than their slower counterparts, but in mature biofilms this assumption might not be correct. Indeed, when measuring the metabolic activity of mycobacterial biofilms with two independent non-invasive techniques (isothermal microcalorimetry and tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry), mature biofilms of slow- and fast-growing species appeared more alike than expected. Metabolic heat production rate was 2298 ± 181 µW for M. smegmatis and 792 ± 81 µW for M. phlei, while M. tuberculosis and M. bovis metabolic heat production rates were between these values. These small differences were further confirmed by similar oxygen consumption rates (3.3 ± 0.2 nMole/s and 1.7 ± 0.3 nMole/s for M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis, respectively). These data suggest that the metabolic potential of slow-growing mycobacterial biofilms has been underestimated, particularly for pathogenic species.
Altered cortical brain activity in end stage liver disease assessed by multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy: Associations with delirium
Authors: Yoshimura Atsushi , Goodson Carrie , Johns Jordan T. , Towe Maxwell M. , Irvine Esme S. , Rendradjaja Nada A. , Max Laura K. , LaFlam Andrew , Ledford Emily C. , Probert Julia , Tieges Zoë , Edwin David H. , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Hogue Charles W. , Lindquist Martin A. , Gurakar Ahmet , Neufeld Karin J. , Kamiya Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDelirium is a common and serious psychiatric syndrome caused by an underlying medical condition. It is associated with significant mortality and increased healthcare resource utilization. There are few biological markers of delirium, perhaps related to the etiologic heterogeneity of the syndrome. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical topography system to measure changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) in the cerebral cortex. We examined whether altered cortical brain activity in delirious patients with end stage liver disease (ESLD) is detected by fNIRS. We found that the [oxy-Hb] change during the verbal fluency task (VFT) was reduced in patients with ESLD compared with healthy controls (HC) in the prefrontal and bi-temporal regions. The [oxy-Hb] change during the sustained attention task (SAT) was elevated in patients with ESLD compared to HC in the prefrontal and left temporal regions. Notably, [oxy-Hb] change in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during SAT showed a positive correlation with the severity of delirium. Our results suggest that [oxy-Hb] change in the prefrontal cortex during the sustained attention task measured with fNIRS might serve as a biological marker associated with delirium in ESLD patients.
Establishment and genomic characterization of the new chordoma cell line Chor-IN-1
Authors: Bosotti Roberta , Magnaghi Paola , Di Bella Sebastiano , Cozzi Liviana , Cusi Carlo , Bozzi Fabio , Beltrami Nicola , Carapezza Giovanni , Ballinari Dario , Amboldi Nadia , Lupi Rosita , Somaschini Alessio , Raddrizzani Laura , Salom Barbara , Galvani Arturo , Stacchiotti Silvia , Tamborini Elena , Isacchi Antonella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChordomas are rare, slowly growing tumors with high medical need, arising in the axial skeleton from notochord remnants. The transcription factor “brachyury” represents a distinctive molecular marker and a key oncogenic driver of chordomas. Tyrosine kinase receptors are also expressed, but so far kinase inhibitors have not shown clear clinical efficacy in chordoma patients. The need for effective therapies is extremely high, but the paucity of established chordoma cell lines has limited preclinical research. Here we describe the isolation of the new Chor-IN-1 cell line from a recurrent sacral chordoma and its characterization as compared to other chordoma cell lines. Chor-IN-1 displays genomic identity to the tumor of origin and has morphological features, growth characteristics and chromosomal abnormalities typical of chordoma, with expression of brachyury and other relevant biomarkers. Chor-IN-1 gene variants, copy number alterations and kinome gene expression were analyzed in comparison to other four chordoma cell lines, generating large scale DNA and mRNA genomic data that can be exploited for the identification of novel pharmacological targets and candidate predictive biomarkers of drug sensitivity in chordoma. The establishment of this new, well characterized chordoma cell line provides a useful tool for the identification of drugs active in chordoma.
Surgical Treatment of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Major Complication Rates, Progression Free and Overall Survival
Authors: Wertz Aileen , Hollon Todd , Marentette Lawrence , Sullivan Stephen , McHugh Jonathan , McKean Erin 
Published: August 2017

Objective We aimed to compare major complication rates in patients undergoing open versus endoscopic resection of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and to determine the prognostic utility of the Kadish staging and Hyams grading systems with respect to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Methods It is a retrospective review of experience in treating ONB at a single tertiary care hospital from 1987 through 2015. Major complications were defined as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, osteomyelitis, tracheostomy, and severe neurologic injury.
Results Forty-one patients were included. An open approach was used in 34 (83%), endoscopic in 6 (15%), and combined in 1 (2%) case. Rates of major complications by surgical approach were 17% after endoscopic versus 31% after open (p = 0.65). There was no significant difference in PFS or OS based on Kadish B versus C (PFS, p = 0.28; OS, p = 0.11) or Hyams grade 1 and 2 versus Hyams grade 3 and 4 (PFS, p = 0.53; OS, p = 0.38).
Conclusions There was no significant difference in major complications between open and endoscopic approaches for the treatment of ONB. Patient stratification using the Kadish staging and Hyams grading systems did not show significant differences in PFS or OS. Further research is needed to determine if a different staging system would better predict patient outcomes.
Limitationen automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren im Notfalleinsatz: ein Erfahrungsbericht aus dem Kölner Straßenkarneval
Authors: Wanke Sebastian , Odendahl Tobias , Herrmann Anika , Steven Daniel , Reuter Hannes 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fallbericht Ohne erkennbare Ursache kollabiert im Straßenkarneval ein 25-jähriger Mann und wird reanimationspflichtig. Reanimationsmaßahmen werden sofort durch den vor Ort befindlichen Sanitätsdienst eingeleitet, ein automatisierter externer Defibrillator (AED) wird genutzt und ein Schock ausgelöst. Im weiteren Verlauf folgen eine 71-minütige Reanimation mit insgesamt 12 Defibrillationen und anschließendem Wiedereinsetzen eines Spontankreislaufs (Return of spontaneous Circulation, ROSC). In der Klinik ergaben die weiteren Untersuchungen eine wiederkehrende Schmalkomplextachykardie im EKG. Aufgrund der optimalen Ersthelfermaßnahmen, der sofortigen notfallmedizinischen Versorgung und der kontinuierlichen Reanimationsmaßnahmen war der Verlauf sehr günstig. Der Patient wurde nach Implantation eines Kardioverter-Defibrillators (ICD) entlassen. Der Verdacht auf eine kongenitale Ionenkanalerkrankung als Ursache des Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands konnte bislang durch Genanalysen noch nicht bestätigt werden.
Folgerung Obwohl der Einsatz von AED im Sanitätsdienst sicher sinnvoll ist, zeigt der Fallbericht, dass das kompressionsfreie Intervall (No Flow Time) durch die Nutzung eines AED auch bei einem gut trainierten Team mit 26 Sekunden inakzeptabel hoch ist. Dies scheint jedoch zum größten Teil den technischen Einstellungen des Geräts und der suboptimalen Anpassung an die Umgebungsbedingungen geschuldet zu sein. Eine manuelle Defibrillation sollte außerdem immer der automatisierten vorgezogen werden.
Nuciferine Relaxes Tracheal Rings via the Blockade of VDLCC and NSCC Channels
Authors: Yang Xiao , Yu Meng-Fei , Lei Jun , Peng Yong-Bo , Zhao Ping , Xue Lu , Chen Weiwei , Ma Li-Qun , Liu Qing-Hua , Shen Jinhua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of nuciferine (a main aporphine alkaloid of lotus leaf extract), which can induce relaxation in contracted tracheal rings. Under Ca2+-free and 2 mM Ca2+ conditions, we found that nuciferine had no effect on the resting muscle tone of tracheal rings. In contrast, nuciferine relaxed high K+-contracted mouse tracheal rings in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited both Ca2+ influx and voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel currents induced by high K+. Similarly, nuciferine also inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions in mouse tracheal rings in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, both acetylcholine-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx and whole-cell currents of nonselective cation channels were blocked by nuciferine. Together, the results indicate that nuciferine-induced relaxation in tracheal rings mainly occurred due to the inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx through the blockade of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and/or nonselective cation channels. These results suggest that nuciferine has a therapeutic effect on respiratory diseases associated with the aberrant contraction of airway smooth muscles and/or bronchospasm.
The effect of pitch interplay on English-speaking learners of Mandarin
Authors: Luo Shan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines how native English speakers perceive and produce intonation and tone in Mandarin statements and unmarked questions. The results showed, as predicted, that English speakers had less difficulty perceiving intonation and sentence-final tone when the pitch movement of both was in the same direction than when it was not. On the production side, English speakers performed much better at producing tone than intonation. The intelligibility of their question intonation was especially compromised, likely due to their narrow pitch range. The English speakers also consistently produced more final rising pitch in Mandarin unmarked questions, suggesting phonological influence from their native language. Findings highlight the role of language experience in language learning, and the importance of pedagogical awareness.
从“知其然” 到“知其所以然”
Authors: Zhang Yanyin 
Published: August 2017

摘要
当今众多语言教学法的主要目标是对学习者的语言能力培训。因此，衡量教学的成功与否大都通过语言技能来体现，尤其是语言交流能力。这一趋势不但反映在课堂教学上，而且也反映在语言教学研究、教师培训、教程和教材上。 Kinoshita & Zhang 于 2014 年提出重新审视高等教育中语言教学的目的。她们认为，高等教育中的语言课应被视为一种“人文教育” (liberal arts education) ，目的是智能开发和超语言的知识传授。也就是说，高等教育中的语言课的重点之一应该是提高学习者的普遍认知水平，培养其思辨能力，使其对目的语国家和当今世界不但“知其然”、而且“知其所以然”。
本文将从人文教育这一视角来审视一个将“培训”和“教育”齐头并进的教学实践和体验，重点探讨人文教育在中高级汉语课中的体现，包括课程理念及一系列旨在使学习者深层次、多方面、零距离地探讨和思考今日中国的课堂活动，培养其全面、均衡的思辨能力，从而促使其对目的语国家（中国）的了解不但“知其然”, 而且“知其所以然”。
Creative resonance and misalignment stance
Authors: Dori-Hacohen Gonen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper elaborates on one element of the theory of Dialogic Syntax, Du Bois’ main tool for stance-taking, namely creative
resonance. The examples are taken from a recording of a car ride which was part of data collected for the analysis of Hebrew. The
focus in the analysis is on misalignment, when participants use stance acts to distance themselves from each other. The main claim
of this paper is that whenever a stance act takes place, the relations between the participants are at stake. I show how creative,
and to a lesser extent pre-existing, resonance can be used for creating and enhancing distance in misalignment. The discussion
connects resonance and Dialogic Syntax with other frameworks for the study of language and interactions.
Chinese aspect marker -le and its acquisition by American English speakers
Authors: Li Bin , Fan Hongli , Lee Po-Lun Peppina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study investigates the functions of the perfective marker -le and its acquisition by native speakers of American English from the perspective of the Aspect Hypothesis (Andersen and Shirai, 1994). We set out to test the predicted order regarding four verb categories in terms of their frequencies of -le marking. Our results confirmed that -le was most frequently used with achievement verbs by learners, but revealed deviated patterns of distribution in other categories when they were compared with those of native speakers of Chinese. We discussed our data further from the perspective of prototypicality, and provide pedagogical implications to Chinese as a foreign language.
Premonitory urges and Touretting volcanoes
Authors: Hartman Jenny 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Causative meaning including, but not limited to, causation, prevention, and enabling is realized in language use through force construal. Force is explored in this article through consideration of narratives on Tourette Syndrome, a disorder that is largely characterized by its constitutive actions (vocal and motor tics). To account for force construal, the article proposes a merger of a vector model for the description of force in language and cognition and a lexical semantic model of ontologies and construals. Force is accounted for in terms of a number of configurations (cause, enable, prevent, withstand, and despite) that are realized through construal operations. This merger of explanatory models allows nuanced and flexible description of forceful meaning in actual language use.
Quantum autoencoders for efficient compression of quantum data
Authors: Romero Jonathan , Olson Jonathan P , Aspuru-Guzik Alan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Classical autoencoders are neural networks that can learn efficient low-dimensional representations of data in higher-dimensional space. The task of an autoencoder is, given an input x, to map x to a lower dimensional point y such that x can likely be recovered from y. The structure of the underlying autoencoder network can be chosen to represent the data on a smaller dimension, effectively compressing the input. Inspired by this idea, we introduce the model of a quantum autoencoder to perform similar tasks on quantum data. The quantum autoencoder is trained to compress a particular data set of quantum states, where a classical compression algorithm cannot be employed. The parameters of the quantum autoencoder are trained using classical optimization algorithms. We show an example of a simple programmable circuit that can be trained as an efficient autoencoder. We apply our model in the context of quantum simulation to compress ground states of the Hubbard model and molecular Hamiltonians.
Discrimination of wild and cultured Japanese eels based on otolith stable isotope ratios
Authors: Kaifu Kenzo , Itakura Hikaru , Amano Yosuke , Shirai Kotaro , Yokouchi Kazuki , Wakiya Ryoshiro , Murakami-Sugihara Naoko , Washitani Izumi , Yada Takashi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We successfully discriminated wild and cultured anguillid eels without artificial tagging. For the purpose of population restoration of anguillid eels, stocking has been widely conducted in the European Union (EU) and Japan, although the net benefits of stocking remain unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness of eel stocking for population restoration, the survival, growth, escapement, and reproduction of stocked eels should be tracked. In this study, we explored the potential of using otolith oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios as a natural tag to discriminate between wild and cultured eels, because cultured eels are often stocked into natural rivers and lakes. A discrimination model was developed based on wild (n = 95) and cultured (n = 314) Japanese eels as a training dataset. The results of accuracy estimation based on leave-one-out cross-validation were 96.8%. We then tested the applicability of the model to stocked–recaptured eels (n = 20); 100.0% were successfully identified as cultured eels, indicating that these eels spend their early continental phase in aquaculture ponds before stocking. This method could be widely applied to assess the effectiveness of eel stocking by determining the proportion of stocked eels among those captured from rivers, coastal areas, or spawning grounds.
Spot distribution and fast surface evolution on Vega
Authors: Petit P. , Hébrard E.M. , Böhm T. , Folsom C.P. , Lignières F. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Spectral signatures of surface spots were recently discovered from high cadence observations of the A star Vega. We aim at constraining the surface distribution of these photospheric inhomogeneities and investigating a possible short-term evolution of the spot pattern. Using data collected over five consecutive nights, we employ the Doppler imaging method to reconstruct three different maps of the stellar surface, from three consecutive subsets of the whole time series. The surface maps display a complex distribution of dark and bright spots, covering most of the visible fraction of the stellar surface. A number of surface features are consistently recovered in all three maps, but other features seem to evolve over the time span of observations, suggesting that fast changes can affect the surface of Vega within a few days at most. The short-term evolution is observed as emergence or disappearance of individual spots, and may also show up as zonal flows, with low- and high-latitude belts rotating faster than intermediate latitudes. It is tempting to relate the surface brightness activity to the complex magnetic field topology previously reconstructed for Vega, although strictly simultaneous brightness and magnetic maps will be necessary to assess this potential link.