bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake of HIV Testing Services among Refugee Men in Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement Camp, Mid-western Uganda
Authors: Mirembe Racheal , Barugahare Banson John 
Published: September 2024

Aims: HIV testing is a critical checkpoint to late diagnosis and delayed treatment. However, utilization of HIV testing services has not yet reached the desired target, especially for men. This study aimed to determine the level of uptake of HIV testing services and the associated factors among refugee men in the Kiryandongo Refuge Settlement Camp.
Study Design: Cross-sectional by mixed methods.
Methodology: The study was conducted by mixed methods. A total of 422 men >18 years were selected using systematic random sampling. Interview administered semi-structured - questionnaires and informant interview guides were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively.
Results: The level of uptake of HIV testing services was 32%. Key factors negatively associated with the testing included social-cultural status (P=0.006, AOR=3.80) disclosure of positive results and awareness (P=0.002, AOR=0.14 and P=0.000, AOD=0.08) respectively, unemployment (P=0.015, AOR=0.17), religion (P=0.043, AOD=0.37) and multiple sexual partners (P=0.033, AOR=0.23).
Conclusion: The level of uptake of HIV testing services among refugee men in the Kiryandongo refugee settlement camp is significantly lower than the national mark. Targeted testing strategies and sensitization are critical to address the negatively associated factors and inform public health policies.
Analysis of Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance for Yield-Associated Traits under High Temperature Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Singh P.K , Rai Nagendra , Tiwari Jagesh Kumar , Singh R.B , Rajiv  
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advancement in tomato plants (both parents and hybrids) in terms of their tolerance to high temperatures. The research was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR) in Varanasi during the summer season of 2024 (February-May). In this study, a total of 23 tomato genotypes comprising 8 parent varieties and 15 hybrid crosses were cultivated using a completely randomized block design (CRBD). The ANOVA analysis indicated a notable level of genetic variability present in the genotypes for the traits under investigation. Both the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation showed a higher PCV for all traits examined in relation to their respective GCV, highlighting the significant impact of environmental factors on the results. Significant heritability and genetic advance were noted for various traits, including average fruit weight, fruit quantity per plant, fruit setting, plant yield, anther tip burning, plant height, seed count per fruit, stigma exertion, crop duration, and pollen viability, underscoring their potential for genetic improvement in future research endeavors. Our research findings indicate that these characters are influenced by the cumulative effects of genes, highlighting the potential effectiveness of employing a selection method to enhance their tolerance to high temperatures in tomato plants.
A model of preliminary breakdown pulse peak currents and their relation to the observed electric field pulses
Authors: Kašpar Petr , Santolík Ondřej , Kolmašová Ivana , Farges Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPreliminary breakdown pulses (PBPs) occur in the initial phase of lightning. A realistic model for their description is employed to investigate relation between PBP peak currents and PBP electric field amplitudes and their relation to the return stroke (RS) peak currents. We demonstrate that the PBP peak currents can reach 200 kA and can be comparable or higher than the corresponding RS peak currents. For a typical PBP electric field waveform PBP peak currents are approximately proportional to the electric field amplitudes. We show that the PBP bipolar overshoot depends primarily on the characteristic time of the line conductivity increase. The magnitude of the charge centers is demonstrated to be very large in order to model the observed PBPs with amplitudes up to 32 V/m at 100 km. Such energetic current pulses might be capable to produce elves or terrestrial gamma ray flashes.
Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Rice Melissa S. , Gupta Sanjeev , Treiman Allan H. , Stack Kathryn M. , Calef Fred , Edgar Lauren A. , Grotzinger John , Lanza Nina , Le Deit Laetitia , Lasue Jeremie , Siebach Kirsten L. , Vasavada Ashwin , Wiens Roger C. , Williams Joshua 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover completed a detailed investigation at the Kimberley waypoint within Gale crater from sols 571–634 using its full science instrument payload. From orbital images examined early in the Curiosity mission, the Kimberley region had been identified as a high‐priority science target based on its clear stratigraphic relationships in a layered sedimentary sequence that had been exposed by differential erosion. Observations of the stratigraphic sequence at the Kimberley made by Curiosity are consistent with deposition in a prograding, fluvio‐deltaic system during the late Noachian to early Hesperian, prior to the existence of most of Mount Sharp. Geochemical and mineralogic analyses suggest that sediment deposition likely took place under cold conditions with relatively low water‐to‐rock ratios. Based on elevated K2O abundances throughout the Kimberley formation, an alkali feldspar protolith is likely one of several igneous sources from which the sediments were derived. After deposition, the rocks underwent multiple episodes of diagenetic alteration with different aqueous chemistries and redox conditions, as evidenced by the presence of Ca‐sulfate veins, Mn‐oxide fracture fills, and erosion‐resistant nodules. More recently, the Kimberley has been subject to significant aeolian abrasion and removal of sediments to create modern topography that slopes away from Mount Sharp, a process that has continued to the present day.
Palladium−Hydride‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Isomerization of 1‐Alkenes
Authors: Ahn Hyojung , Son Inyoung , Lee Jinyong , Lim Hwan Jung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNew stable palladium−hydride complexes catalyze the highly regio‐ and stereoselective isomerization of 1‐alkenes at multiple positions. Tuning the ligand and the reaction conditions allowed the position and geometry of the double bonds to be controlled with excellent conversions and selectivities. The catalytic species, a Pd−H complex, was prepared by reacting [LPdCl2] with a silver salt, followed by conversion into Pd−H by using a silyl hydride. The structures of the Pd complexes were determined by using X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
Transport properties in the photonic super‐honeycomb lattice — a hybrid fermionic and bosonic system
Authors: Zhong Hua , Zhang Yiqi , Zhu Yi , Zhang Da , Li Changbiao , Zhang Yanpeng , Li Fuli , Belić Milivoj R. , Xiao Min 
Published: December 2016

We report on the transport properties of the super‐honeycomb lattice, the band structure of which possesses a flat band and Dirac cones, according to the tight‐binding approximation. The super‐honeycomb model combines the honeycomb lattice and the Lieb lattice and displays the properties of both. It also represents a hybrid fermionic and bosonic system, which is rarely seen in nature. By choosing the phases of input beams properly, the flat‐band mode of the super‐honeycomb lattice will be excited and the input beams will exhibit strong localization during propagation. On the other hand, if the modes of Dirac cones of the super‐honeycomb lattice are excited, one will observe conical diffraction. Furthermore, if the input beam is properly chosen to excite a sublattice of the super‐honeycomb lattice and the modes of Dirac cones with different pseudospins, e.g., by the three‐beam interference pattern, the pseudospin‐mediated vortices will be observed.
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Hydroxylation Induced Alignment of Metal Oxide Nanocubes
Authors: Thomele Daniel , Bourret Gilles R. , Bernardi Johannes , Bockstedte Michel , Diwald Oliver 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWater vapor is ubiquitous under ambient conditions and may alter the shape of nanoparticles. How to utilize water adsorption for nanomaterial functionality and structure formation, however, is a yet unexplored field. Herein, we report the use of water vapor to induce the self‐organization of MgO nanocubes into regularly staggered one‐dimensional structures. This transformation evolves via an initial alignment of the MgO cubes, the formation of intermediate elongated Mg(OH)2 structures, and their reconversion into MgO cubes arranged in staggered structures. Ab initio DFT modelling identifies surface‐energy changes associated with the cube surface hydration and hydroxylation to promote the uncommon staggered stacked assembly of the cubes. This first observation of metal oxide nanoparticle self‐organization occurring outside a bulk solution may pave novel routes for inducing texture in ceramics and represents a great test‐bed for new surface‐science concepts.
Polymeric Selectin Ligands Mimicking Complex Carbohydrates: From Selectin Binders to Modifiers of Macrophage Migration
Authors: Moog Kai E. , Barz Matthias , Bartneck Matthias , Beceren‐Braun Figen , Mohr Nicole , Wu Zhuojun , Braun Lydia , Dernedde Jens , Liehn Elisa A. , Tacke Frank , Lammers Twan , Kunz Horst , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNovel polymeric cell adhesion inhibitors were developed in which the selectin tetrasaccharide sialyl‐LewisX (SLeX) is multivalently presented on a biocompatible poly(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (PHPMA) backbone either alone (P1) or in combination with O‐sulfated tyramine side chains (P2). For comparison, corresponding polymeric glycomimetics were prepared in which the crucial “single carbohydrate” substructures fucose, galactose, and sialic acid side chains were randomly linked to the PHPMA backbone (P3 or P4 (O‐sulfated tyramine)). All polymers have an identical degree of polymerization, as they are derived from the same precursor polymer. Binding assays to selectins, to activated endothelial cells, and to macrophages show that polyHPMA with SLeX is an excellent binder to E‐, L‐, and P‐selectins. However, mimetic P4 can also achieve close to comparable binding affinities in in vitro measurements and surprisingly, it also significantly inhibits the migration of macrophages; this provides new perspectives for the therapy of severe inflammatory diseases.
Global Asymptotical Bounded Synchronization for a Class of Coupled Complex Networks With Nonidentical Nodes
Authors: Li Qingbo , Guo Jin , Wu Yuanyuan , Sun Chang‐Yin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the bounded synchronization problem for a class of coupled complex networks with nonidentical nodes. Based on the average value trajectory, a new definition of the bounded synchronization is established for the concerned networks, which can be proved to be equivalent to the conventional one. By use of the Lyapunov function method and the linear matrix inequality technique, several sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the bounded synchronization. Moreover, the corresponding estimations of the bounded synchronization domain can also be obtained. An illustrative numerical example is included to show the effectiveness of the main theoretical results.
Highly Efficient Selective Benzylation of Carbohydrates Catalyzed by Iron(III) with Silver Oxide and Bromide Anion as Co‐catalysts
Authors: Ren Bo , Lv Jian , Zhang Yu , Tian Jun , Dong Hai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA highly efficient, green, and regioselective method for the benzylation of diols and polyols was developed. With the use of Ag2O (0.6 equiv.) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.1 equiv.) as co‐catalysts, the iron(III)‐catalyzed benzylation reaction proceeded to completion at 40 °C within 2–3 h and gave the products in high yields with high regioselectivities. A mechanism involving the principle of enhanced basicity of Ag2O by soft anions was proposed.
Studies on Cycloalkane‐Based Bisamide Organogelators: A New Example of Stochastic Chiral Symmetry‐Breaking Induced by Sonication
Authors: Pi‐Boleda Bernat , Sans Marta , Campos María , Nolis Pau , Illa Ona , Estévez Juan Carlos , Branchadell Vicenç , Ortuño Rosa M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEnantiomerically pure C16‐alkyl amides derived from cis and trans cycloalkane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acids, respectively, have been synthesized and their behavior as organogelators has been investigated. These compounds include cis/trans diastereomeric cyclobutane and cyclohexane derivatives with the aim to explore the influence of the ring size as well as the relative configuration in their hierarchical self‐assembly to form gels. High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy studies allowed the determination of the dynamics of the gelation process in [D8]toluene and the sol‐gel transition temperature. The morphology and size of the aggregates have been investigated and results have shown that, in the case of cyclobutane derivatives, the cis/trans stereochemistry is not relevant for the gelation behavior and the properties of the soft‐materials obtained, but it is remarkable for cyclohexane diamides, which are better organogelators. The four compounds produce chiral aggregates despite that two of them are meso achiral molecules. We show herein that this fact is an example of stochastic symmetry breaking induced by sonication. The self‐assembly of these molecules has been modelled providing information and support about the structure and the chirality of the aggregates.
The Origin of MoS2 Significantly Influences Its Performance for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction due to Differences in Phase Purity
Authors: Chua Xing Juan , Tan Shu Min , Chia Xinyi , Sofer Zdenek , Luxa Jan , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is at the forefront of materials research. It shows great promise for electrochemical applications, especially for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. There is a significant discrepancy in the literature on the reported catalytic activity for HER catalysis on MoS2. Here we test the electrochemical performance of MoS2 obtained from seven sources and we show that these sources provide MoS2 of various phase purity (2H and 3R, and their mixtures) and composition, which is responsible for their different electrochemical properties. The overpotentials for HER at −10 mA cm−2 for MoS2 from seven different sources range from −0.59 V to −0.78 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This is of very high importance as with much interest in 2D‐MoS2, the use of the top‐down approach would usually involve the application of commercially available MoS2. These commercially available MoS2 are rarely characterized for composition and phase purity. These key parameters are responsible for large variance of reported catalytic properties of MoS2.
Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols Using an Air‐ and Moisture‐Stable Iron Racemization Catalyst
Authors: Gustafson Karl P. J. , Guðmundsson Arnar , Lewis Kayla , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHerein, we report on a metalloenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of sec‐alcohols employing an iron‐based racemization catalyst together with a lipase. The iron catalyst was evaluated in racemization and then used in dynamic kinetic resolution of a number of sec‐alcohols to give enantiomerically pure products in good to high yields. The iron catalyst is air and moisture stable and is readily accessible.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Two‐Fold Unsymmetrical C(sp3)−H Functionalization and Double C−F Substitution
Authors: Li Linyong , Xiao Tiebo , Chen Haoguo , Zhou Lei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA visible‐light‐mediated [3+3] annulation of tertiary amines with α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes was developed. The reaction offers a direct route to fluorinated tetrahydropyridines and azabicyclo[3.m.1] frameworks under very mild conditions. This protocol presents a rare example of dual sp3 C−H functionalization of tertiary amines with the formation of two different C−C bonds (one sp3–sp3 bond, one sp2–sp3 bond). Moreover, two consecutive C−F substitutions in a trifluoromethyl group were achieved in one pot using visible light photoredox catalysis, which enables an unprecedented ring construction.
Biohydrometallurgie und Membrantechnik zur Wertstoffgewinnung aus Armerzlagerstätten und bergbaulichen Altablagerungen
Authors: Werner Arite , Meschke Katja , Bohlke Kevin , Daus Birgit , Haseneder Roland , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDie Gewinnung sekundärer Rohstoffe ist nicht allein aus Gründen der Weltmarktsituation relevant, auch die Ressourceneffizienz gebietet die Nutzung von Deponien, Altablagerungen und Armerzlagerstätten als Rohstoffquellen im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt die Einsatzpotenziale der Biohydrometallurgie als effizientes Verfahren der Wertstoffmobilisierung im Rahmen der Nutzung derartiger Rohstoffpotenziale auf und widmet sich weiterhin der Membrantrenntechnik zur Separation gelöster Wertstoffe aus Laugungslösungen an ausgesuchten Fallbeispielen aktueller Forschungsprojekte.
Machine learning‐based auto‐tuning for enhanced performance portability of OpenCL applications
Authors: Falch Thomas L. , Elster Anne C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryHeterogeneous computing, combining devices with different architectures such as CPUs and GPUs, is rising in popularity and promises increased performance combined with reduced energy consumption. OpenCL has been proposed as a standard for programming such systems and offers functional portability. However, it suffers from poor performance portability, because applications must be retuned for every new device. In this paper, we use machine learning‐based auto‐tuning to address this problem. Benchmarks are run on a random subset of the tuning parameter spaces, and the results are used to build a machine learning‐based performance model. The model can then be used to find interesting subspaces for further search. We evaluate our method using five image processing benchmarks, with tuning parameter space sizes up to 2.3 M, using different input sizes, on several devices, including an Intel i7 4771 (Haswell) CPU, an Nvidia Tesla K40 GPU, and an AMD Radeon HD 7970 GPU. We compare different machine learning algorithms for the performance model. Our model achieves a mean relative error as low as 3.8% and is able to find solutions on average only 0.29% slower than the best configuration in some cases, evaluating less than 1.1% of the search space. The source code of our framework is available at https://github.com/acelster/ML‐autotuning.
Distributed computing of distance‐based graph invariants for analysis and visualization of complex networks
Authors: Czech Wojciech , Mielczarek Wojciech , Dzwinel Witold 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe present a new framework for analysis and visualization of complex networks based on structural information retrieved from their distance k‐graphs and B‐matrices. The construction of B‐matrices for graphs with more than 1 million edges requires massive Breadth‐First Search (BFS) computations and is facilitated using new software prepared for distributed environments. Our framework benefits from data parallelism inherent to all‐pair shortest‐path problem and extends Cassovary, an open‐source in‐memory graph processing engine, to enable multinode computation of distance k‐graphs and related graph descriptors. We also introduce a new type of B‐matrix, constructed using clustering coefficient vertex invariant, which can be generated with a computational effort comparable with the one required for a previously known degree B‐matrix, while delivering an additional set of information about graph structure. Our approach enables efficient generation of expressive, multidimensional descriptors useful in graph embedding and graph mining tasks. The experiments showed that the new framework is scalable and for specific all‐pair shortest‐path task provides better performance than existing generic graph processing frameworks. We further present how the developed tools helped in the analysis and visualization of real‐world graphs from Stanford Large Network Dataset Collection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of techniques for architecting TLBs
Authors: Mittal Sparsh 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTranslation lookaside buffer (TLB) caches virtual to physical address translation information and is used in systems ranging from embedded devices to high‐end servers. Because TLB is accessed very frequently and a TLB miss is extremely costly, prudent management of TLB is important for improving performance and energy efficiency of processors. In this paper, we present a survey of techniques for architecting and managing TLBs. We characterize the techniques across several dimensions to highlight their similarities and distinctions. We believe that this paper will be useful for chip designers, computer architects, and system engineers.
Orientation relationships of Mn0.75Ga0.25As crystallites on and within GaAs determined by scanning nano beam electron diffraction
Authors: Häusler Ines , Moeck Peter , Volz Kerstin , Neumann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Mn0.75Ga0.25As crystallites, partially embedded on and fully embedded within a single crystalline matrix of GaAs formed during metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of Mn‐rich (Mn,Ga)As on (001) oriented GaAs wafers. Phase and orientation analysis of these crystallites were performed with scanning nano beam electron diffraction (SNBED). The investigation of plan‐view specimens using a liquid nitrogen cooling stage enabled the phase and orientation analysis of partially embedded ferromagnetic α‐phase particles. In all specimens the following two orientation relationships (O) between the α‐phase particles and the GaAs matrix were determined:
urn:x-wiley:02321300:media:crat201600261:crat201600261-math-0001urn:x-wiley:02321300:media:crat201600261:crat201600261-math-0002The study of cross‐sectional specimens enabled the analysis of fully embedded crystallites. It could be unambiguously detected that a fully embedded crystallite has the structure of the atomically ordered monoclinic β´ phase. The β´ phase crystallite consists of two domains which are related in twin positions to each other. The orientation relations of the different particles are illustrated by color coded stereographic projections.