bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness Research Using Observational Data: Active Comparators to
Emulate Target Trials with Inactive Comparators
Authors: Huitfeldt Anders , Hernan Miguel A. , Kalager Mette , Robins James M. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Because a comparison of non-initiators and initiators of treatment
may be hopelessly confounded, guidelines for the conduct of observational research often
recommend using an “active” comparator group consisting of people who initiate a
treatment other than the medication of interest. In this paper, we discuss the
conditions under which this approach is valid if the goal is to emulate a trial with an
inactive comparator.Identification of Effects: We provide conditions under which a
target trial in a subpopulation can be validly emulated from observational data, using
an active comparator that is known or believed to be inactive for the outcome of
interest. The average treatment effect in the population as a whole is not identified,
but under certain conditions this approach can be used to emulate a trial either in the
subset of individuals who were treated with the treatment of interest, in the subset of
individuals who were treated with the treatment of interest but not with the comparator,
or in the subset of individuals who were treated with both the treatment of interest and
the active comparator.The Plausibility of the Comparability Conditions: We discuss
whether the required conditions can be expected to hold in pharmacoepidemiologic
research, with a particular focus on whether the conditions are plausible in situations
where the standard analysis fails due to unmeasured confounding by access to health care
or health seeking behaviors.Discussion: The conditions discussed in this paper may at
best be approximately true. Investigators using active comparator designs to emulate
trials with inactive comparators should exercise caution.
Citizen journalism 3.0: Participatory journalism at the Twin Cities Daily Planet
Authors: Nemanic Mary Lou 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Among participatory journalism news sites with patterns of short life spans and few regular readers, the Twin Cities Daily Planet stands out as an exception. In its ninth year in 2014, it had an average monthly readership of more than 150,000 unique viewers and a diverse group of approximately 100 non-professional contributors. Given the evolving nature of participatory journalism, this site is significant not only because of its longevity but also because of other success factors that include community engagement-based fundraising strategies, coverage of areas neglected by the mainstream media and its utilization of technological innovations. In addition, this study argues that unlike many well-known studies of participatory journalism, in the case of this nonprofit site the persistence of professional gatekeeping is not an obstacle to amateur participation but an assurance of journalistic standards. This article also highlights new roles for professionals as educator-mentors, moderators, aggregator-curators, and community conveners.
Analysing analytics: How journalists’ role conceptions influence how they use audience metrics
Authors: Tandoc Jr Edson C. , Jenner Mike 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Based on a survey of 114 news editors in the United States, this study classifies the use of web analytics in the news construction process into: using it to plan coverage and deployment of resources; and using it to determine placement and packaging of story elements in the website. How much influence web metrics exert on these two stages of the non-linear gatekeeping process depends on work practices and the role conceptions that organizations embrace.
Managing the newsroom: Perceptions of influence and control among Swedish newspaper professionals
Authors: Wiik Jenny , Andersson Ulrika 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Journalistic organizations are currently undergoing rapid change. One striking feature of this transformation is the increased influence of managerial discourse in the newsroom. Editorial leadership is proving to be more professionalized, standardized and accentuated than before, which could affect journalistic autonomy and status. In this article we investigate the shifting power balance in news production by focusing on the management–staff relationship in Swedish newspapers and discussing the possible consequences of this development for the professional autonomy of journalists. Empirical support is drawn from two national surveys and a small interview study of Swedish newspaper journalists. The results indicate a move towards managerial dominance in the newsroom during the last decade, but also that journalists to some extent seem to approve of this development. Even so, the results may be another indication of a de-professionalization of journalists to the benefit of the managerial group in the news business.
‘Movement/occurs at the split’: Turning to late modernity in Edward Dorn’s ‘North Atlantic Turbine’
Authors: Savage Jordan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article is presented in two parts. The first is an interrogation of the specific spatial practice of ‘A Theory of Truth’, held in conversation with the thesis that Reitha Pattison sets out for Edward Dorn’s early poetry. The specific interrogation of Dorn’s linguistic and spatial practice in ‘A Theory of Truth’ presented here will be braced against certain aspects of Gunslinger (Dorn, 1968). Furthermore, exploring how Dorn’s language manifests a particular political position with regard to the enclosure acts of late capitalism, this article brings to light some tensions in the poetic relationship between Dorn and Charles Olson, and brings forward the strength of William Carlos Williams’ influence on Dorn’s spatializing tactics. The works of Christopher Beach, Michael Davidson and Sherman Paul are essential to this study. In the second, longer part of this argument, the way that Dorn uses language to manifest experience rather than simply to represent space will be set out, allowing a clear analysis of the relationship between spatial process in phenomenal reality and spatial processes in the ‘experienced or imagined’ loci of Dorn’s poem. This part of the article draws in particular on the ideas of Lytle Shaw, Ian Davidson and Justin Katko.
Trauma and creative healing: Reflections on providing music therapy in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Harris Brian T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Pavarotti Music Centre in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created to use music and the arts to address the traumas resulting from the Civil Wars. This article uses a case study to outline how the Centre’s music therapy department addressed intergenerational trauma in children following the wars. In addition, themes from the author’s recent qualitative research serve as a lens to re-examine the therapeutic work in a post-war environment. Resources for therapists, such as supervision, personal therapy and creative arts outlets, are highlighted. Self-examination is considered as it relates to sociocultural elements of a host country.
Copping stress as predictor of life satisfaction among older adults<p>Yaşlılarda yaşam doyumunun yordayıcısı olarak stresle başa çıkma
Authors: Çalık Var Esra , Varlıklar Demirkazık Çiçek Nilsu , Kolay Çepni Şükran 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of coping with stress on life satisfaction of old people. This study was carried out on old individuals aged between 60 and 95 years old and 68 women and 57 men participated to the study from Ankara and Bursa. Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. Correlational research design was used and multiple regression analysis was performed. The analysis results indicated that submissive approach negatively, optimistic and seeking of social support positively predict life satisfaction (R=0,47, R2=0,22 ve p<.00). Old people’s using optimistic and seeking of social support methods while dealing with stress increase their life satisfaction. This study is going to support intervention programs of old people. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlı bireylerin stresle başa çıkmanın yaşam doyumlarına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya Ankara ve Bursa’da yaşayan 60 ve 95 yaş arası 68 kadın, 57 erkek yaşlı birey katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Stesle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Korelasyonel araştırma deseni kullanılan bu araştırmada, çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çaresiz yaklaşımın olumsuz, iyimser yaklaşım ve sosyal destek arama yöntemlerinin olumlu yönde yaşam doyumunu yordadığı bulunmuştur (R=0,47, R2=0,22 ve p<.00). Yaşlıların stresle başederken iyimser ve sosyal destek arama yöntemlerini kullanmaları yaşam doyumlarını arttırmaktadır. Araştırma yaşlılıların yaşam doyumlarının arttırılmasına yönelik müdahele programlarını destekleyecektir.
Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman and the first physical anthropology studies in Ottomans<p>Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman ve Osmanlılarda ilk fizik antropoloji çalışmaları
Authors: Dinçarslan İsmail , Güleç Erksin 
Published: October 2016

The first known study on the physical growth of children in Ottomans was “Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi” by Nafi Atuf (Kansu) in 1917 which was on the students living in Bursa. As a result of literature review, we reached the book named “Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı?” written by Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman in 1335/1916 in Ottoman Turkish and the transliteration of the book was done by us. With the scope of this study, the content of the book and the data on the author were simplified in accordance with today’s Turkish by keeping to the original. In addition, the book was evaluated with regards to physical anthropology, the history of medicine and sociology. In the book which is one of the first pre-republican physical anthropological studies, the author deals with the factors affecting stature, weight, growth and development in order to raise healthier generations. On the other hand, by the subject of the study (to raise healthier generations) the approache of the author related to race and eugenics was evaluated in his period. ÖzetOsmanlılarda çocukların fiziksel büyümesi üzerine literatürde bilinen ilk çalışma Nafi Atuf (Kansu) tarafından 1917 yılında Bursa’da yaşayan öğrenciler üzerine yapılan, Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi adlı çalışmadır. Bununla birlikte tarafımızdan yapılan literatür taramasında, Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman’ın 1335/1916 yılında Osmanlıca olarak kaleme aldığı Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı? adlı kitabına ulaşılmış ve eserin transliterasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında eserin içeriği ve yazarı hakkında bilgiler, eserin aslına bağlı kalınarak günümüz Türkçesine uygun biçimde sadeleştirilmiş ve fizik antropoloji, tıp ve toplumbilim tarihi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Cumhuriyet öncesi ilk fizik antropoloji çalışmalarından biri olma özelliğini taşıyan eserde, yazar genel hatlarıyla, daha sağlıklı nesillerin yetiştirilebilmesi için boy, kilo ve büyüme-gelişmeyi etkileyen faktörleri ele almıştır. Beslenme, geçim tarzı, toplumun fiziki ve kültürel çevreye uyarlanması gibi konuları içeren eser, toplum ve çocuk sağlığı konularına ilişkin bilgilerde içermektedir. Diğer taraftan çalışmanın konusu gereği (daha sağlıklı nesiller yetiştirmek) çalışmacının ırk, ırk ıslahı ve kontrolüne (öjeni) ilişkin yaklaşımı kendi dönemi içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Downregulation of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 induces tumor progression of human breast cancer through regulating CCND1 expression
Authors: Yang Zhang , Lu Wang , Ning Li , Hao Dai , Jian Sun , Hai-Feng Cai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveMetastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is already known to be involved in the development and progression of many types of tumors. In the present study, we set to seek the role of MALAT1and the molecular mechanisms in breast cancer.MethodsMALAT1 mRNA expression level was measured by real-time PCR in selected tissues and breast cancer cell lines. SiRNAs targeting MALAT1 were employed to knockdown the endogenous MALAT1. Then cell counting method and colony formation method were applied to reveal the proliferation changes after MALAT1 was suppressed. Afterwards, the mRNA and protein expression of growth related gene cyclinD1 (CCND1) were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.ResultsWe found a downregulation of MALAT1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Inhibition of its expression led to enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation. Importantly, the mRNA and protein expression of CCND1 was significantly increased in MALAT1-depleted cells.ConclusionMALAT1 is a potential tumor suppressive long non-coding RNA that negatively regulates cell proliferation in breast cancer progression, via suppressing CCND1 expression.
Post-translational modifications of EMT transcriptional factors in cancer metastasis
Authors: Chang Rui , Zhang Peng , You Jiacong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMetastasis is an important reason for death of cancer patients which characterized as the formation of secondary cancers at distant sites. Epithelial– mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that appear to facilitate tumor metastasis in various cancers by switching epithelial cells into mesenchymal properties. Although previous investigation suggested a key role of EMT transcriptional factors in suppression of E-cadherin, the association of these factors with other cellular regulators in cancer metastasis need to be fully elucidated. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as acetylation and phosphorylation, have emerged as an important mechanism to modulate biological behavior of substrate proteins. In this review, we summarized protein modification and subsequent function changes of Snail, Twist and ZEB, as well as their influence on tumor progression. Acetylation of EMT transcriptional factors usually cause nuclear localization and/or protein stabilization thus contribute to E-cadherin repression. Besides, Twist and ZEB were phosphorylated by diverse kinases to promote metastasis in many cancers, while Snail was negatively regulated by phosphorylation to degradation. Then, the potential of therapy for metastasis by targeting PTMs-involved regulation of EMT transcriptional factors were discussed.
Caffeine effects on AdoR mRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Francikowski Jacek , Baran Bartosz , Płachetka-Bożek Anna , Krzyżowski Michał , Augustyniak Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate whether exposure to caffeine in the early stages of development affect AdoR mRNA expression levels in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and how this will relate to the developmental success of flies. Adenosine receptors are seen as the most important biochemical targets of caffeine. Simultaneously adenosine signaling orchestrates the development and growth of insects. We demonstrate that AdoR mRNA expression in D. melanogaster is persistent from early stages till imago. Strong alterations in AdoR expression were observed in larvae that had been treated with caffeine. However, after the imaginal molt, the differences in AdoR expression between the insects from all of the test groups evened out despite a wide range of developmental success in the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine affects the expression of its cellular targets even from the early stages of fruit fly development and thus there is a significantly lower larvae-to-adult survival rate. Moreover, we also proved that the expression of AdoR undergoes a peculiar reset during the maturation of D. melanogaster despite the conditions in which larvae developed.
Barriers to adolescent contraception use and adherence
Authors: Clare Camille , Squire Mary-Beatrice , Alvarez Karem , Meisler Julia , Fraser Candice 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The United States has the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy of the industrialized nations. Previously reported patient barriers to the use of contraception included an ambivalence about pregnancy; method side effects; difficulty using methods; lack of satisfaction with methods; concerns about safety; expense; and a lack of knowledge about long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). This survey aims to determine if there are additional barriers to contraception use and adherence among an ethnically diverse urban population.

Methods:
A 16-item survey with good interrater reliability was utilized in a pilot study to assess patient demographics, and contraceptive methods was distributed to female patients aged 13–21 years at Metropolitan Hospital Center from January to October of 2014. Data analysis was performed using the χ2-square analysis, ϕ-coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, Cramer’s V, and Satterthwaite methods of analyses.

Results:
Concerns about contraceptive method side effects, more specifically, weight gain, irregular bleeding and long-term health risks, and worries about parents discovering their contraceptive habits were the major barriers to contraceptive use.

Conclusion:
The identification of these barriers is critical in order to reduce the high rates of pregnancy in adolescents. Educating parents and their teenagers regarding the most effective methods may increase compliance and adherence. This study offers further support for the use of LARC to overcome perceived patient barriers.
Experimental Voltage Stabilization of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving Synchronous Generator using STATCOM based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: El-Zoghby Helmy M. , Bendary Ahmed F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used for improving the performance of the power grid with wind turbine that drives synchronous generator. The main feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject rapidly reactive power to grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM device is achieved. STATCOM also improves the stability of the power system after occurring severe disturbance such as faults, or suddenly step change in wind speed. The proposed STATCOM controller is a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller tuned by Genetic Algorithm (GA). An experimental model was built in Helwan University to the proposed system. The system is tested at different operating conditions. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system voltage and stability.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane Foams from Liquefied Sugar Beet Pulp
Authors: Zheng Zhao-qi , Wang Li-jun , Li Dong , Huang Zhi-gang , Adhikari Benu , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared from microwave liquefied sugar beet pulp (LSBP) and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) by using a one-step method. The [NCO]/[OH] ratio was increased from 0.6 to 1.2, and the effect of this ratio on the mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the LSBP–PU foams was studied. The allophanate, isocyanurate and free isocyanate were detected in all the foams. The thermal degradation of these foams in air occurred in two main stages; the first one occurred at 200–350 °C and the second one occurred at 300–400 °C. The Tg
of the foams increased when the [NCO]/[OH] ratio increased up to 0.9 above which it decreased. As the [NCO]/[OH] ratio increased, the less regular structure and broken cell shape (observed through SEM) indicated that severe damage in structural stability and mechanical properties of LSBP–PU foams occurred. The cellular structure of the foams could be controlled by controlling the gelling and blowing reactions through the control of NCO]/[OH] ratio.
Toponymie und Topographie im französischen und deutschen Artusroman
Authors: Knapp Fritz Peter 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die Ortsnamen der Artussage sind ganz überwiegend keltischen Ursprungs. Das Keltische gilt im 12./13. Jh. als Randsprachengruppe mit exotischem Reiz, aber ohne kulturelles Prestige. Chrétien de Troyes bezog keltische Texte vermutlich vorwiegend aus mündlichen französischen Vorträgen bretonischer Jongleurs; die deutschen Autoren entnahmen keltische Namen aus schriftlichen französischen Texten. Die Fremdheit steigerte sich dadurch. Zur interlingualen Adaptation traten Schreibfehler oder Sprachspiele mit exotischem Material hinzu. – Der Höfische Roman enthält viel weniger Ortsnamen als die Chanson de geste, benützt sie aber auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise. Meist wird durch die Ortsnamen eine reale Topographie imaginiert, so von Gautier d’Arras und auch von Chrétien de Troyes im Cligès. Im Karrenritter und im Löwenritter wird hingegen die Realität verschleiert oder ausgeblendet. Die meisten Ortsnamen sind dem Publikum fremd oder werden geographisch irreführend eingesetzt. Wir befinden uns in einer Märchenwelt. Chrétiens Nachfolger haben dies höchstens ansatzweise verstanden, meist aber ins Gegenteil verkehrt, am konsequentesten Wolfram von Eschenbach, der eine pseudoreale Welt nach dem Prinzip der Wahrscheinlichkeit entstehen läßt, obwohl er Artus‘ Reich nicht in der ihm bekannten Welt festmachen kann.
Positive Emotions in the Arthurian
Lais
of Marie de France
Authors: Rider Jeff 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Marie de France says little about characters’ emotions in many of the most emotionally charged moments of the lais, encouraging audiences to draw on their experience to provide the emotional coloring of fraught moments. This reticence is part of what has made the lais successful beyond the twelfth-century francophone world.
‘Tristan, or
Optimism
’: the Bright Side of Béroul
Authors: Grigoriu Brînduşa 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
This essay seeks to cast new light on Béroul’s Tristan by examining the role of positive emotions in the characters’ experience. Thanks to the lovers’ management of fear in life-threatening situations and to their constant creation of the best possible world, the romance supports readings that stress a relative optimism.
‘Wyȝe, welcum iwys to þis place!’: Emotions in the Schemas for Arrival, Return and Welcome at the Arthurian Court
Authors: Larrington Carolyne 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
This essay explores the schemas for ‘welcome’ and for ‘welcome back’ in Arthurian romances. These incursions or reassimilations to the ingroup are critical for exploration of how the honour community is constituted. Joy, surprise and fear as identified as key ‘welcome’ emotions, while ambiguity and regret often shadow the return.
blide ende drove
: Mixed Emotions in Middle Dutch Arthurian Romance
Authors: Brandsma Frank 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Mixed emotions are presented mostly in situations concerning the presence/absence of comrades/loved ones. The narrator explains to the audience why a character feels both happy (blide) and sad (drove). The explanations may have been necessary, yet seem to impede the emotional resonance occurring when more simple emotions are in play.