bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue damage detection and prediction of fatigue life on a cantilever beam
Authors: Aenlle Manuel L. , Pelayo F. , Fernandez-Canteli Alfonso 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Fatigue failure is an important criterion to be considered in the design of structures and mechanical components. Catastrophic failure of structures in service conditions can be avoided using adequate techniques to detect and localize fatigue damage. Modal analysis is a tool used in mechanical and structural engineering to estimate dynamic properties and also to monitor the health of structures. If modal analysis is applied periodically to a structure, fatigue damage can be detected and localized and the fatigue life can be extended by means of suitable reinforcement and repairing. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The experimental results corresponding to the fatigue tests carried out on a steel S-275 cantilever beam are presented. Operational modal analysis was applied periodically to the beam in order to study the variation of modal parameters during the tests and the stresses were estimated combining a numerical model and the acceleration modal coordinates measured at discrete points of the structure. The experimental results are compared with those predicted applying the S-N model of Eurocode 3.

Findings
A methodology that combines a finite element model and the experimental responses of a structure has been applied to estimate the stress time histories of a cantilever beam clamped to a foundation through a steel plate. The estimated stresses have been used to predict the fatigue damage according to the Eurocode 3. Due to the fact that no information of the scatter is provided by this code (EC3), only the number of cycles corresponding to a probability of failure of 5 percent can be predicted.

Originality/value
The proposed methodology can be applied to real structures in order to know the accumulated fatigue damage in real time.
Fatigue resistance of rotary endodontic files subjected to planar and non-planar curvatures induced by in vitro tooth canals
Authors: Martins Rui F. , Fernandes Alexandre , Lóios Gonçalo , Ginjeira António 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the fatigue life of different sizes of HyFlex CM™ endodontic files when submitted to planar or to non-planar curvatures, and to two different rotational speeds, namely 500 rpm or 250 rpm. The influence of superimposing back and forth motion to rotational bending of endodontic files was also assessed.

Design/methodology/approach
In all, 64 HyFlex CM™ files of different sizes, namely ref. 0.04/20, 0.06/20, 0.04/35 and 0.06/35, were submitted to rotational bending tests at two different rotational speeds. The planar radius of curvature imposed to the endodontic files was about 4.5 mm, along an angle of 45°, in order to simulate an apical canal that would induce severe loading to the files during clinical treatment. Additionally, 11 Hyflex CM™ files ref. 0.04/20 were submitted to rotational bending tests at 500 rpm inside a mandible first molar manufactured through selective laser melting (SLM), aiming to simulate non-planar curvatures of a real tooth canal.

Findings
When considering planar curvature, the endodontic file ref. 0.06/20, tested at 250 rpm, has shown the highest fatigue resistance (4,185 revolutions, 1,004 seconds), while the lowest fatigue resistance was registered for instrument ref. 0.04/35 submitted to 500 rpm (747 revolutions, 89 seconds). Hence, depending on the rotational speed, surface finish and the size of the endodontic files tested (taper and tip’s diameter), significant differences in fatigue resistance were noticed. If non-planar curvatures were considered, the minimum fatigue resistance was equal to 107 seconds, and back and forth motion allowed extending the minimum fatigue lifetime to 140 seconds.

Originality/value
The fatigue resistance of endodontic files is frequently determined through in vitro fatigue tests carried out under single planar curvature or eventually under double planar curvatures. However, non-planar loadings are frequently induced on endodontic instruments when treating root canals with severe multiplanar curvatures. In the research herein presented, a mandible first molar was 3D printed by using the SLM technique in an AISI 316 L stainless steel and more realistic experimental fatigue tests were carried out.
Fatigue of adhesively bonded epoxy-AA6061T651 joints
Authors: Campos António A.M.A. , Jesus Abílio M.P. de , Correia José A.F.O. , Morais José J.L. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Adhesively bonded joints are gaining importance in the structural joining processes competing against welding and bolting processes. However, long-term behaviour of adhesively bonded joints is still an open question. Due to the increasing interest in adhesively bonded joints, mainly in the transports industry, there is a need to deep the knowledge about the fatigue behaviour of adhesive joints with metallic substrates allowing the development of reliable joints to resist cyclic loadings. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
An experimental research aiming at characterizing the fatigue behaviour of adhesively bonded aluminium substrates is presented in this paper, covering both fatigue crack propagation and global S-N behaviours. Double cantilever beam (DCB), end notch flexure (ENF) and double lap joints (DLJ) specimens built using the AA6061T651 substrate and epoxy adhesive were used to evaluate the pure modes I and II fatigue crack propagation rates and the S-N fatigue behaviours.

Findings
DCB and ENF specimens allowed the formulation of pure modes I and II fatigue crack propagation laws including the propagation thresholds. DLJs showed higher static shear strength than recommended by the manufacturer for aluminium substrates, but fatigue resistance of the DLJs was lower than suggested by the manufacturer. The fatigue damage process in the DLJs was dominated by a fatigue crack initiation process.

Originality/value
A consistent fatigue research on adhesively bonded aluminium substrates is presented covering in the same study aspects of fatigue crack propagation and fatigue crack initiation. Data reduction schemes involving both numerical and analytical procedures were followed. Proposed work constitutes a rigorous basis for future fatigue prediction models developments.
Fatigue limit prediction of A356-T6 cast aluminum alloys with different defect sizes sampled from an actual large-scale component
Authors: Uematsu Yoshihiko , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Tajiri Akiko , Nakajima Masaki 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the proposal of fatigue-life-prediction curve for cast aluminum alloy A356-T6 with different casting defect sizes.

Design/methodology/approach
Four kinds of A356-T6 fatigue specimens were sampled from the actual large-scale cast component, where the cooling rates were different. In addition, three kinds of A356 were casted under different casting conditions to simulate different defect sizes in the actual component. Subsequently, rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted using those samples. The maximum sizes of casting defects were quantitatively evaluated through microstructural observation and extreme value statistics. The fatigue limits of all samples were predicted using hardness and defect sizes based on modified Murakami’s equation.

Findings
The modified equation for fatigue limit prediction in A356-T6 was proposed. Fatigue limits were successfully predicted using the proposed equation.

Originality/value
Fatigue limit prediction method using hardness and maximum defect size was limited to steels. This paper proposed the modified method for A356-T6 aluminum alloy with lower elastic modulus. The method was valid for A356-T6 with different defect sizes.
The assessment of quality maturity levels in Nigerian university libraries
Authors: Egberongbe Halima , Sen Barbara , Willett Peter 
Published: October 2017

PurposeOrganizations constantly evaluate their activities to ensure that they are attaining their management goals. Maturity assessment enables organizations to examine their capabilities, support innovation and evaluate development. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the maturity statuses of a selection of Nigerian university libraries in a study to investigate their quality management (QM) approaches. The study provides recommendations for means to attain the required statuses in academic library development.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved a multisite case study in which interviews were conducted with 15 university librarians (or their representatives) and ten focus groups were conducted with non-management library staff. The resulting qualitative data were analyzed using an aspect of framework analysis – charting, while a maturity model from the field of project management (Prince 2 Maturity Model, P2MM) was used to assess maturity in QM of the libraries.FindingsThe results of the maturity assessment indicate a basic knowledge of the concept of QM implementation among the libraries. The scores obtained on the P2MM capability scale placed the libraries studied mainly on Level 1 (awareness level) of the model.Practical implicationsThis paper demonstrates that the culture of QM in academic libraries in Nigeria is at a low level with considerable potential for development. It is suggested that future adoption of quality maturity models to assess performance and organizational effectiveness would aid improvements for value-added services.Originality/valueThis is the first study to attempt the assessment of quality maturity levels in Nigerian academic libraries for identification of the organization’s positioning in QM and strategy.
Is thymomectomy sufficient for non‐myasthenic early stage thymoma patients? A retrospective, single center experience
Authors: Rusidanmu Aizemaiti , Huang Sha , Lv Xiayi 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThymic complete resection is considered the standard treatment for all thymic tumors; however, the ideal resection for non‐myasthenic early stage thymic tumors has not yet been determined. We conducted a retrospective study to examine this unique scenario.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 118 early stage thymoma patients who underwent thymectomy (TM) or thymomectomy (TMM) with curative intent between January 2003 and December 2013 at our institution. Patients with myasthenia, thymic carcinomas, tumors with undetermined histology, and more advanced stage thymoma patients were excluded. We compared overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) according to the extent of thymic resection, tumor staging, and size.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen patients were staged as early thymoma.TMwas performed in 43 (35.6%) patients andTMMin 75 (64.4%). Forty‐nine (65.3%) patients with a tumor ≤ 3 cm underwentTMM, and 9 (20.9%)TM. Twenty‐six (34.7%) patients with a tumor > 3 cm underwentTMM, and 34 (79.1%)TM. Seventy‐four patients were categorized as stageI: 57 (76%) underwentTMMand 17 (39.5%)TM. Forty‐four patients were categorized as stageII: 18 (24%) underwentTMMand 26 (60.5%)TM. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence between the groups (P= 0.250).ConclusionNo difference in the rate of recurrence was observed in early stage non‐myasthenic patients following thymic resection andMasaoka–Koga staging. However, TM is considered a better option for early stage thymoma patients with tumors > 3 cm.
Optimal Treatment Assignment to Maximize Expected Outcome with Multiple Treatments
Authors: Lou Zhilan , Shao Jun , Yu Menggang 
Published: October 2017

Summary
When there is substantial heterogeneity of treatment effectiveness, it is crucial to identify individualized treatment assignment rules for comparative treatment selection. Traditional approaches directly model clinical outcome and define optimal treatment rule according to the interactions between treatment and covariates. This approach relies on the success of separating the main effects from the covariate–treatment interaction effects, which may not be easy. To overcome this shortcoming, a recent approach, called outcome weighted learning, focuses on building an optimal treatment rule by maximizing the expected clinical outcome related with differential treatments. However, there seems to be a lack of approaches to explicitly deal with three or more treatments. In this article, we propose an outcome weighted learning method that extends estimating individualized treatment rules to multi-treatment case by using a vector hinge loss as a target function. Consistency of the resulting estimator is shown in the article. We demonstrate the performance of our approach in simulation studies and in a real data analysis.
Using machine learning to disentangle homonyms in large text corpora
Authors: Roll Uri , Correia Ricardo A. , Berger‐Tal Oded 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSystematic reviews are an increasingly popular decision‐making tool that provides an unbiased summary of evidence to support conservation action. These reviews bridge the gap between researchers and managers by presenting a comprehensive overview of all studies relating to a particular topic and identify specifically where and under which conditions an effect is present. However, several technical challenges can severely hinder the feasibility and applicability of systematic reviews, for example, homonyms (terms that share spelling but differ in meaning). Homonyms add noise to search results and cannot be easily identified or removed. We developed a semiautomated approach that can aid in the classification of homonyms among narratives. We used a combination of automated content analysis and artificial neural networks to quickly and accurately sift through large corpora of academic texts and classify them to distinct topics. As an example, we explored the use of the word reintroduction in academic texts. Reintroduction is used within the conservation context to indicate the release of organisms to their former native habitat; however, a Web of Science search for this word returned thousands of publications in which the term has other meanings and contexts. Using our method, we automatically classified a sample of 3000 of these publications with over 99% accuracy, relative to a manual classification. Our approach can be used easily with other homonyms and can greatly facilitate systematic reviews or similar work in which homonyms hinder the harnessing of large text corpora. Beyond homonyms we see great promise in combining automated content analysis and machine‐learning methods to handle and screen big data for relevant information in conservation science.
Association between increased small airway obstruction and asbestos exposure in patients with asbestosis
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Yan Yongji , Xue Changjiang , Du Xuqin , Ye Qiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAsbestos exposure may cause asbestos‐related lung diseases including asbestosis, pleural abnormalities and malignancies. The role of asbestos exposure in the development of small airway obstruction remains controversial. Anatomic and physiologic small airway abnormalities may develop as part of the pathophysiologic process of asbestosis. We hypothesized that inhalation of asbestos may induce small airway defects in addition to asbestosis and pleural abnormalities.MethodsIn total, 281 patients with newly diagnosed asbestosis were evaluated. Clinical data were collected from the patients' medical charts. The patients were classified into various stages according to their chest X‐ray findings using the International Labour Organization classification. Pulmonary function was evaluated by plethysmography and the forced oscillation technique.ResultsExpiratory flow, including the predicted values of the maximum expiratory flow between 25% and 50% of the forced vital capacity (MEF25‐50), was significantly lower in the different stages of asbestosis. Accordingly, the predicted percentage ofR5–R20was significantly higher with increasing stages of asbestosis. Furthermore, the duration of exposure to asbestos was significantly associated with the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and the predicted percentage of MEF25or MEF50according to the regression analysis in non‐smoking patients with asbestosis. The predicted percentage of FEV1or the FEV1/FVC ratio was significantly lower and the predicted percentage ofR5–R20was significantly higher in smokers than non‐smokers.ConclusionsThe patients with asbestosis have small airway obstructive defects that are significantly associated with asbestos exposure.
Calciphylaxis with pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like changes: A case series
Authors: Penn Lauren A. , Brinster Nooshin 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundCalciphylaxis and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) are rare, clinically distinct disorders that share a common feature of cutaneous calcification and that vary widely in their cutaneous presentation.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive, retrospective review of biopsy specimens collected over a 2‐year period. Only specimens with a histologic and clinical diagnosis of calciphylaxis were included in the review. Specimens were then histologically examined for features of PXE in the dermis and/or subcutaneous fat, utilizing hematoxylin and eosin staining. Von Kossa and Verhoeff‐Van Gieson special stains were also performed to examine calcification and elastic fibers, respectively.ResultsWe reviewed 13 biopsy specimens from 9 patients with known clinical and histologic evidence of calciphylaxis, both uremic and non‐uremic types. Upon re‐examination, we found that 46.2% (n = 6/13) of the specimens showed concomitant PXE‐like changes uniquely localized to the subcutaneous fat.ConclusionThe presence of PXE‐like changes in the subcutis may heighten suspicion for a diagnosis of calciphylaxis in the appropriate clinical setting and be helpful when classic histologic features are subtle or absent.
Does Involved Fathering Produce a Larger Total Workload for Fathers Than for Mothers? Evidence from Norway
Authors: Kitterød Ragni Hege , Rønsen Marit 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo compare mothers' and fathers' total workloads within couples with different work‐time arrangements in a social democratic welfare state (Norway) and explore possible changes in the 1990s and 2000s.BackgroundWomen's double workload in families with two full‐time jobs has been well documented. However, some argue that fathers, too, may experience the double burden of market and domestic work as they become more involved in parenting.MethodThe data are from the Norwegian Time Use Surveys conducted in 1990, 2000, and 2010 among representative samples of the adult population. A subsample of coupled other‐sex‐parents with at least one child younger than age 20 years were used in the present study. Total workload is the sum of paid and unpaid work activities reported in a time diary. Standard multivariate ordinary least square regressions were used to explore gender differences.ResultsFull‐time work for both parents entailed approximately equal total workloads for fathers and mothers. However, fathers' total workload exceeded mothers' in full‐time and part‐time couples with school‐aged children.ConclusionDespite equal total workloads and reduced specialization, mothers still do less paid work and more family work than fathers in couples where both work full‐time in Norway. This is partly related to the gender‐segregated labor market. In full‐time and part‐time couples with school‐aged children, fathers' longer working hours are not fully offset by more family work for mothers.ImplicationsWork–family reconciliation policies promoting mothers' employment and fathers' family work may have the potential to reduce gender imbalances in parent's total workloads and moderate gendered specialization patterns.
Global value chains and the rise of the Global South: unpacking twenty‐first century polycentric trade
Authors: HORNER RORY , NADVI KHALID 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA growing body of research points to the ‘Rise of the South’ and the growth of South–South trade. In this article, we consider the implications of the shifting dynamics of global trade and the greater prominence of Southern actors for the conceptualization of global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs). We use trade data analysis to explore the changing geography of global trade and to highlight the emergence of more polycentric trade. We argue that our understanding of GVCs and GPNs, in a context where Southern actors and Southern end markets have more prominent roles, requires greater attention to the existence of multiple value chains (VCs) and production networks (PNs) serving different end markets – including domestic, regional and global. Consequently, there is a need to refine our understanding of both governance dynamics – lead firm strategies and standards requirements – and upgrading prospects through recognizing this shifting trade geography. We conclude by raising several new research questions regarding the conceptualization of VCs and PNs in a world where Southern actors and Southern markets are increasingly important.
Characterization of a novel HLA‐B*39:01:01‐related allele, HLA‐B*39:130, by cloning and phasing
Authors: Li L. X. , Tian W. , Zhu F. M. , Wang W. Y. , Cai J. H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryA novel HLA‐B*39:01:01‐related variant, HLA‐B*39:130, has been identified in a normal individual of Han ethnicity in Hunan province, southern China. Following Sanger polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning, phasing and sequencing. Aligned with HLA‐B*39:01:01, HLA‐B*39:130 has a nonsynonymous thymine substitution at nucleotide position 94 in exon 4, resulting in amino acid change from threonine to isoleucine at codon 214 (ACA→ATA) of the mature HLA‐BmRNA molecule.
Long‐term retention of adalimumab treatment and associated prognostic factors for 1189 patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Kamata Noriko , Yamada Akihiro , Endo Katsuya , Fujii Toshimitsu , Yoshino Takuya , Sugaya Takeshi , Yokoyama Yoko , Bamba Shigeki , Umeno Junji , Yanai Yuka , Ishii Manabu , Kawaguchi Takaaki , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Toya Yosuke , Kobayashi Taku , Nojima Masanori , Hibi Toshifumi ,   The ADJUST study group
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThere are few studies on the long‐term efficacy of adalimumab treatment for patients with Crohn's disease. We have conducted a large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the long‐term retention rate and prognostic factors associated with the discontinuation of adalimumab treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.MethodsData were collected from all patients with Crohn's disease who had received at least one induction dose of 160 mg of adalimumab between October 2010 and December 2013 at 41 institutions. The cumulative retention rates of adalimumab treatment following the first administration were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors related to the cumulative retention rates were evaluated by log‐rank tests and multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1189 patients were included in the study. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year cumulative retention rates of adalimumab were 81%, 72%, 65%, and 62%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed female sex, previous infliximab use, perianal disease, concomitant treatment with prednisolone at baseline, higher C‐reactive protein levels, and lower albumin levels as significant independent predictors of poor retention rate of adalimumab treatment. Significantly, more female patients than male patients discontinued adalimumab because of adverse events, especially skin reactions, infections, and arthralgia.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated a good retention rate of adalimumab in patients with Crohn's disease over a 4‐year period. Female sex, perianal disease, concomitant treatment with prednisolone at baseline, previous infliximab use, higher C‐reactive protein levels, and lower albumin levels were associated with poor retention of adalimumab treatment.