bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male Iranian adolescent’s reasons for having an other-gender friend
Authors: Bahrami Nasim , Simbar Masoumeh , Vedadhir AbouAli , Bukowski William M. , Panarello Bianca 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the primary reasons why male Iranian adolescents enter into other-gender friendships.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a sample of 21 male adolescents recruited in public places in Tehran, Iran. Information about each boy’s experiences with other-gender friends was collected via semi-structured interviews whose contents were analyzed with a conventional qualitative content analysis approach.
Results: Five reasons were identified for engaging in other-gender friendships: (a) for the purpose of entertainment, (b) financial benefits, (c) increased popularity with peers, (d) sensation seeking and (e) sexual experiences.
Conclusion: This study revealed that adolescent males do not follow appropriate goals for communicating with the other-gender. In many cases, these goals could endanger their own health and the health of their other-gender friends. Future researchers must focus on identifying and understanding the factors that influence an adolescent to enter into an other-gender friendship.
Starch–PVA Nanocomposite Film Incorporated with Cellulose Nanocrystals and MMT: A Comparative Study
Authors: Noshirvani Nooshin , Ghanbarzadeh Babak , Fasihi Hadi , Almasi Hadi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The goal of this work was to compare the barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of two types of starch–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and nanocrystalline cellulose were chosen as nanoreinforcements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test showed well-distributed MMT in the starch–PVA matrix, possibly implying that the clay nanolayers formed an exfoliated structure. The moisture sorption, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) studies revealed that the addition of MMT and nanocrystalline cellulose reduced the moisture affinity of starch–PVA biocomposite. At the level of 7 % MMT, the nanocomposite films showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (4.93 MPa) and the lowest strain to break (SB) (57.65 %). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an improvement in thermal properties for the starch–PVA–MMT nanocomposites, but not for the starch–PVA–NCC nanocomposites. Results of this study demonstrated that the use of MMT in the fabrication of starch–PVA nanocomposites is more favorable than that of nanocrystalline cellulose to produce a desirable biodegradable film for food packaging applications.
Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic crude extract of Lophopetalum javanicum (bark)
Authors: Ansari Prawej , Badhan Sanjeeda Sarmin , Azam Shofiul , Sultana Nasrin , Anwar Sabbir , Mohamed Abdurahman Mohamed Sheikh , Hannan J.M.A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background: The aim of the current study was to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional application of Lophopetalum javanicum for measuring anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and phytochemical screening.

Methods: Present study includes the preliminary screening of the phytochemical composition and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of L. javanicum (MELJ). Hot-plate test and tail immersion method were used to investigate acute analgesic effects of L. javanicum, and the potency in inhibition of chronic inflammation in mice was tested by carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema method.

Results: One hour after the administration of carrageenan, rat’s paw was inflamed, and after treating it with 500 mg/kg dose, increase in the significant inhibitory effect on paw was observed. At the third hour after carrageenan injection, extreme inhibition (55.61%±0.015%; p<0.001) resulted by methanolic extract. By using hot plate method, it was found that L. javanicum increases pain tolerance time up to 17.89±0.079 min, whereas the compared standard’s interval was 21.48±0.397 min. In tail immersion method, the pain threshold was 3.02±0.074 (p<0.001) at 400 mg/kg by L. javanicum at 90 min of experiment.

Conclusions: This study manifested that the methanolic extract of L. javanicum is efficient in inhibiting pain mediators to release, and conceivably, this report should get priority while searching for a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
The Proposal to “Snapshot” Raim Method for Gnss Vessel Receivers Working in Poor Space Segment Geometry
Authors: Nowak Aleksander 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, we can observe an increase in research on the use of small unmanned autonomous vessel (SUAV) to patrol and guiding critical areas including harbours. The proposal to “snapshot” RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) method for GNSS receivers mounted on SUAV operating in poor space segment geometry is presented in the paper. Existing “snapshot” RAIM methods and algorithms which are used in practical applications have been developed for airborne receivers, thus two main assumptions have been made. The first one is that the geometry of visible satellites is strong. It means that the exclusion of any satellite from the positioning solution don’t cause significant deterioration of Dilution of Precision (DOP) coefficients. The second one is that only one outlier could appear in pseudorange measurements. In case of SUAV operating in harbour these two assumptions cannot be accepted. Because of their small dimensions, GNSS antenna is only a few decimetres above sea level and regular ships, buildings and harbour facilities block and reflect satellite signals. Thus, different approach to “snapshot” RAIM is necessary. The proposal to method based on analyses of allowable maximal separation of positioning sub-solutions with using some information from EGNOS messages is described in the paper. Theoretical assumptions and results of numerical experiments are presented.
Design of the Dual Constellation Gps/Galileo Mobile Device for Improving Navigation of the Visually Impaired in an Urban Area
Authors: Drypczewski K. , Moszyński M. , Demkowicz J. , Bikonis K. , Stepnowski A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The article discusses damages of essential tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of large power two-stroke engines used as main engines, which take place during transport tasks performed by those ships. Difficulties are named which make preventing those damages impossible, despite the fact that the technical state of engines of this type is identified with the aid of complex diagnostic systems making use of advanced computer technology. It is demonstrated that one of causes of the damages is the lack of research activities oriented on recognising random properties of the loads leading to those damages. A proposal is made for the loads acting at a given time t on tribological associations in crankshaft and piston systems of internal combustion engines used as main engines to be considered as random variables Qt. At the same time the loads examined within a given time interval tr ≤ t ≤ tz would be considered stochastic processes {Q(t): t ≥ 0}. Essential properties of the loads of the abovementioned tribological associations are named and explained by formulating hypotheses which need empirical verification. Interval estimation is proposed for estimating the expected value E(Qt) of the load Qt acting at time t. A relation is indicated between the mechanical load and the thermal load acting on tribological associations in the ship main engine crankshaft and piston system. A suggestion is formulated that a stochastic form of the relation between these types of load is to be searched for, rather than statistic relation, and a proposal is made to measure the intensity (strength) of the stochastic relation using the Czuprow’s convergence coefficient.
Sensitivity of the Game Control of Ship in Collision Situations
Authors: Lisowski Józef 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper introduces the application of the theory of deterministic sensitivity control systems for sensitivity analysis taking place in game control systems of moving objects, such as ships. The sensitivity of parametric model of game ship control process and game control in collision situations - sensitivity to changes in its parameters have been presented. First-order and k-th order sensitivity functions of parametric model of the process and game control are described. The structure of the game ship control system in collision situations and the mathematical model of game control process in the form of state equations are given. Characteristics of sensitivity functions of the model and game ship control process on the base of computer simulation in Matlab/Simulink software have been presented. At the end are given proposals regarding the use of sensitivity analysis to practical synthesis of computer-aided system navigator in potential collision situations.
Swarm Intelligence Approach to Safe Ship Control
Authors: Lazarowska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper presents an application of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique in a safe ship control system. The method developed solves the problem of path planning and collision avoidance of a ship in the open sea as well as in restricted waters. The structure of the developed safe ship control system is introduced, followed by a presentation of the applied algorithm. Results showing the problem-solving capability of the system are also included. The aim of the system developed is to increase automation of a safe ship control process. It is possible to apply the proposed method in Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) control system, what will contribute to the enhancement of their autonomy.
Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels
Authors: M.I. Lamas , C.G. Rodríguez , J. Telmo , J.D. Rodríguez 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wärtsilä 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2 , hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2 and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOx and HC than oil fuel. SOx depends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.
Isolating Graphical Failure-Inducing Input for Privacy Protection in Error Reporting Systems
Authors: Matos João , Garcia João , Coração Nuno 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This work proposes a new privacy-enhancing system that minimizes the disclosure of information in error reports. Error reporting mechanisms are of the utmost importance to correct software bugs but, unfortunately, the transmission of an error report may reveal users’ private information. Some privacy-enhancing systems for error reporting have been presented in the past years, yet they rely on path condition analysis, which we show in this paper to be ineffective when it comes to graphical-based input. Knowing that numerous applications have graphical user interfaces (GUI), it is very important to overcome such limitation. This work describes a new privacy-enhancing error reporting system, based on a new input minimization algorithm called GUIᴍɪɴ that is geared towards GUI, to remove input that is unnecessary to reproduce the observed failure. Before deciding whether to submit the error report, the user is provided with a step-by-step graphical replay of the minimized input, to evaluate whether it still yields sensitive information. We also provide an open source implementation of the proposed system and evaluate it with well-known applications.
Survival of patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma treated with superselective transarterial chemoembolization using doxorubicin-loaded DC Bead under cone-beam computed tomography control
Authors: Popovic Peter , Stabuc Borut , Jansa Rado , Garbajs Manca 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate treatment response, adverse events and survival rates of patients with intermediate stage HCC treated with superselective doxorubicin-loaded DC Bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEBDOX) under cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) control.

Patients and methods
Between October 2010 and June 2012, 35 consecutive patients with intermediate stage HCC (32 male, 3 female; average age, 67.5 ± 7.8 years; 22 patients Child-Pugh class A, 8 class B, 5 without cirrhosis) were treated with DEBDOX TACE. Portal vein thrombosis was observed in 6 (17.1%) patients. DEBDOX TACE was performed by superselective catheterization of feeding vessels followed by embolization with 100-300 μm microspheres loaded with 50-100 mg of doxorubicin. In all cases, CBCT was used during chemoembolization. Tumor response rates were defined according to mRECIST criteria.

Results
Overall, 120 procedures were performed (mean, 3.2 per patients). We treated 97 lesions with an average diameter of 4.9 ± 1.9 cm. There were 32 minor and 2 (1.6%) major complications (one liver abscess and one cerebrovascular insult). After a mean follow-up of 27.7 ± 10.5 months, 94.3% of patients achieved an objective response to treatment (42.4% complete response and 57.6% partial response). Mean time to progression was 10.9 ± 5.3 months. Mean overall survival was 33.9 months (95% CI; 28.9 – 38.9 months), with 1- and 2- year survival of 97.1% and 65.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
Superselective DEBDOX TACE performed under CBCT control is a safe and effective method with high rates of tumor response and overall survival.
Association between polymorphisms in segregation genes BUB1B and TTK and gastric cancer risk
Authors: Hudler Petra , Britovsek Nina Kocevar , Grazio Snjezana Frkovic , Komel Radovan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Malignant transformation of normal gastric cells is a complex and multistep process, resulting in development of heterogeneous tumours. Susceptible genetic background, accumulation of genetic changes, and environmental factors play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitotic segregation genes could be responsible for inducing the slow process of accumulation of genetic changes, leading to genome instability.

Patients and methods
We performed a case-control study of polymorphisms in mitotic kinases TTK rs151658 and BUB1B rs1031963 and rs1801376 to assess their effects on gastric cancer risk. We examined the TTK abundance in gastric cancer tissues using immunoblot analysis.

Results
C/G genotype of rs151658 was more frequent in patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer and G/G genotype was more common in intestinal types of gastric cancers (p = 0.049). Polymorphic genotype A/A of rs1801376 was associated with higher risk for developing diffuse type of gastric cancer in female population (p = 0.007), whereas A/A frequencies were increased in male patients with subserosa tumour cell infiltration (p = 0.009). T/T genotype of rs1031963 was associated with well differentiated tumours (p = 0.035). TT+CT genotypes of rs1031963 and GG+AG genotypes of rs1801376 were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk (dominant model; OR = 2,929, 95% CI: 1.281-6.700; p = 0.017 and dominant model; OR = 0,364, 95% CI: 0.192-0.691; p = 0.003 respectively).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that polymorphisms in mitotic kinases TTK and BUB1B may contribute to gastric tumorigenesis and risk of tumour development. Further investigations on large populations and populations of different ethnicity are needed to determine their clinical utility.
Emerging trends in graphene carbon based polymer nanocomposites and applications
Authors: Idumah Christopher Igwe , Hassan Azman 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecent sustainable advancement in carbon nanotechnology has further broadened the scope of application of carbon based materials, especially graphene based polymer nanocomposites, in emerging applications. This paper mainly focuses on recently emerging trends in synthesis and properties of graphene based polymer nanocomposites, in addition to brief discussion of some selected carbon based nanocomposites for application in electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency, terahertz shielding efficiency, electrostatic dissipation, thermal interface materials, sensors, and energy storage. Finally, an overview of recently emerging trends in sustainability, economies of scale, and emerging commercial market share of these materials is also presented.
Sentencing Discounts, Attorney Compensation and Plea Bargaining in Criminal Cases
Authors: Bowles Roger 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOffering defendants a sanction reduction if they agree to plead guilty at an early stage in criminal proceedings represents one form of “plea bargaining”. As with the better known form, where a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for the dropping of a more serious charge, it is motivated by a wish to reduce expenditure on the criminal justice system. In England and Wales sentencing discounts have been used as part of an effort to reduce the high proportion of criminal cases that end in a “cracked trial” where a defendant who had originally pleaded not guilty changes their plea to guilty “at the courtroom door”. The paper presents a model of sentencing discounts and looks also at the closely-related issue of attorney compensation and the associated agency issues. Using data on “cracked trials” from England and Wales and evidence from the US on the relationship between plea bargaining and attorney compensation we argue that sentencing discounts alone may not be a very effective way of economising on legal resources unless they are supported by an appropriate structure of payments to defence lawyers.
Multiple historical and social layers of interpretation of marital rape in England
Authors: Wagner Anne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper sets out to examine the way in which legal reasoning constructed marital rape and eventually officially recognized it after centuries of men’s ascendency over women. Understanding the multiple layers requires cultural and historical awareness of the traditional concept of “marriage” and the practice of religion as well as the very different conditions in which marital rape was envisaged. The main contention of this paper is to show that legal knowledge derives from a patriarchal tradition where the processing of marital abuse and rape hovered between cultural and subjective realities contrary to objective rationality.
Studying the various properties of MIN and
MAX matrices - elementary vs. more advanced
methods
Authors: Mattila Mika , Haukkanen Pentti 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Let T = {z1, z2, . . . , zn} be a finite multiset of real numbers, where z1 ≤ z2 ≤ · · · ≤ zn. The purpose
of this article is to study the different properties of MIN and MAX matrices of the set T with min(zi , zj) and
max(zi , zj) as their ij entries, respectively.We are going to do this by interpreting these matrices as so-called
meet and join matrices and by applying some known results for meet and join matrices. Once the theorems
are found with the aid of advanced methods, we also consider whether it would be possible to prove these
same results by using elementary matrix methods only. In many cases the answer is positive.
On Specification Predication and the derivation of copular to-clauses in Polish
Authors: Tajsner Przemysław 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper offers a consistently derivational account of Polish predicational and specificational copular clauses with the occurrence of a particle to instead of a verbal copula być (‘be’). The particle to is given the status of a predicative head with the potential of designating a phrase in its c-command domain as a specification predicate. Such a phrase is then interpreted as the focus at the C-I interface. Thus, a view is promoted in which the focus, a category of information structure, is not directly coded in narrow syntax, but is rather an interpretive outcome of a more general syntactic relation, referred to as Specification Predication. This view has been inspired by Kiss’s (2006, 2010) idea that focusing is predication but it substantially differs from her approach. The analysis is limited to copular-to clauses, but it is suggested to have a potential for the account of two more syntactic types with the occurrence of the particle to, namely, so-called to-clefts, and topic-to sentences.
The proposal advanced in the paper is confronted with three earlier accounts dealing with copular-to clauses, and is shown to avoid some empirical and conceptual problems they have posed. It is shown how the derivation of copular-to clauses proceeds through a sequence of minimal and well-defined steps starting from the formation of an array of two nominal phrases, through a Small Clause stage to a Specification Predicative Phrase. Couched in the recent minimalist framework, the analysis specifically dwells on the theoretical advancements determining the nature of syntactic derivations, such as Hornstein’s (2009) distinctions between operations Concatenate, Merge and Label, Moro’s (2000, 2008) idea of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking or Chomsky’s (2013) view of Labeling.
Electro-acupuncture on Nei Guan and Bai Hui: How Does It Affect GRP78 and Caspase-12 Gene Expression in Rats with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Shen Jing , Lei Xiao-Ming , Song Yang , Tan Xing , Liu Qin , Dai Li-Wen , Yu Jie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Objective: To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on GRP78 and Caspase-12 gene expression in rats with ischemia- reperfusion injury (IRI) by stimulation on Nei Guan (PC6) and Bai Hui (GV20) points, so that to understand whether or not the protective effects of acupuncture is related to endocytoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressapoptosis passage.
Methods: 50 rats were randomly assigned to five groups (10 in each group): normal control(A), pseudo-operation(B), operation(C), Edaravone(D) and EA(E). The ischemia/reperfusion model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by suture embolic method. TUNEL staining method was employed to measure the apoptosis index of nerve cells in rats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to measure the mRNA expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12.
Results: Compared with normal group and pseudo-operation group, the apoptosis indexes and mRNA expression of GRP78 and Caspase-12 in operation group, Edaravone group and EA group were increased, with statistical significance（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）; compared with operation group, the apoptosis indexes and Caspase-12 mRNA expression in Edaravone group and EA group were decreased（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）, but GRP78 mRNA expression were increased（P＜0.01）; there were no significant difference between Edaravone group and EA group on the above indexes（P＞0.05).
Conclusion: Acupuncture on Nei Guan and Bai Hui points could effectively suppress the nerve cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. The underlying mechanism might be related to upregulation of the ERS-protective GRP78 expression and downregulation of apoptosis-promotion Caspase-12 expression.