bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scapular flap for maxillectomy defect reconstruction and preliminary results using three‐dimensional modeling
Authors: Modest Mara C. , Moore Eric J. , Abel Kathryn M. Van , Janus Jeffrey R. , Sims John R. , Price Daniel L. , Olsen Kerry D. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDiscuss current techniques utilizing the scapular tip and subscapular system for free tissue reconstruction of maxillary defects and highlight the impact of medical modeling on these techniques with a case series.Study DesignCase review series at an academic hospital of patients undergoing maxillectomy + thoracodorsal scapula composite free flap (TSCF) reconstruction. Three‐dimensional (3D) models were used in the last five cases.Methods3D modeling, surgical, functional, and aesthetic outcomes were reviewed.ResultsNine patients underwent TSCF reconstruction for maxillectomy defects (median age = 43 years; range, 19–66 years). Five patients (55%) had a total maxillectomy (TM) ± orbital exenteration, whereas four patients (44%) underwent subtotal palatal maxillectomy. For TM, the contralateral scapula tip was positioned with its natural concavity recreating facial contour. The laterally based vascular pedicle was ideally positioned for facial vessel anastomosis. For subtotal‐palatal defect, an ipsilateral flap was harvested, but inset with the convex surface facing superiorly. Once 3D models were available from our anatomic modeling lab, they were used for intraoperative planning of the last five patients. Use of the model intraoperatively improved efficiency and allowed for better contouring/plating of the TSCF. At last follow‐up, all patients had good functional outcomes. Aesthetic outcomes were more successful in patients where 3D‐modeling was used (100% vs. 50%). There were no flap failures. Median follow‐up >1 month was 5.2 months (range, 1–32.7 months).ConclusionsReconstruction of maxillectomy defects is complex. Successful aesthetic and functional outcomes are critical to patient satisfaction. The TSCF is a versatile flap. Based on defect type, choosing laterality is crucial for proper vessel orientation and outcomes. The use of internally produced 3D models has helped refine intraoperative contouring and flap inset, leading to more successful outcomes.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:E8–E14, 2017
The new era of the university press: The critical role of established presses
Authors: Hill Mandy 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Cambridge University Press is the oldest and one of the largest university presses.
CUP's mission is to unlock people's potential with the best research and learning solutions by working closely with academic communities and delivering high‐quality products.
Our environment is changing and so must publishers, including established university presses.
CUP's heritage and position in the academic community enables it to provide answers and new ways of supporting scholarly communication needs.
Growth, Chl a content, photosynthesis, and elemental composition in polar and temperate microalgae
Authors: Lacour Thomas , Larivière Jade , Babin Marcel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPolar microalgae live under extreme environmental conditions: permanently low temperatures (−1.7°C to +5°C) and extreme variations in irradiance and day length. These conditions may have led to various specific adaptations allowing Arctic phytoplankton to become specialists under these conditions. The goal of this study is to derive, for polar microalgae, empirical relationships between key physiological parameters (growth rate, photosynthesis–irradiance curve parameters, Chl a : C, and N : C ratios) and growth temperature and irradiance in nutrient replete cultures. Ecophysiological characteristics of polar and temperate microalgae were also compared in order to highlight some strategies that are specific to the polar environment. Most of the polar species are psychrophilic. Polar microalgae have low light‐saturated growth rates (μm) and very low light saturation parameters for growth (KE) but similar initial slopes of their growth–irradiance curve (αµ = μm/KE). Low temperatures probably account for low μm and KE in polar species. The C : Chl a ratios (θ) of polar species are similar to those of temperate species although they have much lower growth rates, which implies major differences in energy allocation. Polar microalgae also exhibit very unique photosynthetic properties [low light saturation parameters for photosynthesis (EK), low maximum photosynthetic rates (
), decreasing
and decreasing initial slope of the photosynthesis vs. irradiance curve (α*) with increasing irradiance] and have lower C : N ratios than their temperate cousins, which may be related to a much higher protein content. Some of the implications of these findings in terms of adaptation/acclimation to the environment in which polar species evolve are discussed.
Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean
Authors: Chu Jackson W. F. , Gale Katie S. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExpansion of oxygen deficient waters (hypoxia) in the northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) will have marked impacts on marine life. The response of the resident communities will be a function of their ecophysiological constraints in low oxygen, although this remains untested in the NEP due to a lack of integrative studies. Here, we combine in situ surveys and lab‐based respirometry experiments were conducted on three indicator species (spot prawnPandalus platyceros, slender soleLyopsetta exilis, squat lobsterMunida quadrispina) of seasonally hypoxic systems in the NEP to test if metabolic constraints determine distributions and energy sequestration in a hypoxic setting. These experiments were integrated with a global review of critical oxygen levels (; lower threshold of aerobic metabolism) for crustaceans to determine if‐based hypoxia thresholds are different among ocean basins. Our results show that species‐specific differences inand standard metabolic rates (1) determine the lowest environmental oxygen ([O2]env) at which in situ populations occur, (2) result in disproportionate shifts in distributions among co‐occurring species during summer hypoxia expansion events, and (3) characterize shifts in megafaunal community respiration rates due to marked spatio‐temporal variability in [O2]env. Our results show that‐based hypoxia thresholds are significantly lower in the East Pacific Ocean relative to other major ocean basins, which suggests that the physiological response of local fauna to deoxygenation can be determined by the natural variability and oxygen exposure in a region. In order to establish realistic predictions on the biological consequences of marine deoxygenation, we suggest integrating metabolism‐based traits to calculate hypoxia thresholds for marine ecosystems.
Microbial respiration in the mesopelagic zone at Station ALOHA
Authors: Martínez‐García Sandra 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMeasurements of the temporal and depth variability of microbial community respiration (MCR) in the mesopelagic zone (200–1,000 m) at Station ALOHA were made approximately monthly from November 2011 to October 2012 using the in vivo INT method. MCR in the summed and in each of the 0.2–0.8 µm and >0.8 µm size‐fractions in the upper mesopelagic zone (200–350 m) (mean [±SE], 107.1 [±16.3], 57.5 [±8.4], and 49.6 [±9.0] µmol O2 m−3 day−1, respectively) were higher than in the lower mesopelagic zone (350–1000 m) (56.1 [±4.5], 30.8 [±2.9], and 25.3 [±3.1] µmol O2 m−3 day−1, respectively). The average > 0.8 μm/0.2–0.8 μm MCR in the mesopelagic zone was 0.97 [±0.16]) and was indistinguishable in the upper and lower portions of the mesopelagic zone. A recurrent local peak in MCR was found at 600–650 m for both non‐winter and winter measurements. Total depth‐integrated MCR (200–1,000 m) was higher during the non‐winter than during winter months (55.7 [±3.4] and 44.8 [±2.4] mmol O2 m−2 day−1). Variability of total MCR rates was controlled by changes in the >0.8 µm size fraction, and was possibly related to higher primary production and export from the euphotic zone during the non‐winter period. These findings suggest seasonal variability in respiration rates in the mesopelagic zone at Station ALOHA and support the current steady‐state model where export flux controls respiration in the mesopelagic zone
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer of Fluorescent Molecules in Joint‐Linker Type Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Gels
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Hashimoto Saki , Miyanaga Tomoharu , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: October 2016

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensitized emission of perylene by pyrene in a joint‐linker type gel is observed for the first time. The joint‐linker type organic‐inorganic hybrid gels containing pyrene and perylene synthesized from multi‐functional cyclic siloxane, 1,3,5,7‐tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), or cubic silsesquioxane, 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)pentacyclo‐[9,5,1,1,1,1]octasilsesquioxane (POSS), as joint molecules, and α,ω‐nonconjugated dienes, 1,5‐hexadiene (HD), or 1,9‐decadiene (DD), as linker molecules, are involved in a photo hydrosilylation reaction with a bis(acetylacetonato)platinum catalyst in a toluene solution of pyrene and perylene. FRET from pyrene (donor) to perylene (acceptor) in the gels is studied quantitatively. The FRET efficiencies (E) of gels containing 300 or 30 x 10–6
m of pyrene and perylene are about 0.6–0.8 or 0.5, respectively, independent of the monomer concentration. Sensitized acceptor emission is observed in the gels, especially in the gels containing 300 x 10–6
m of pyrene and perylene molecules. The ratio of the increase of the sensitized acceptor emission to the loss of donor fluorescence, the G factor, is determined to evaluate the efficiency of the sensitized emission of the acceptor in the gels. The G factors of the gels containing 300 or 30 x 10–6
m of pyrene and perylene molecules are 0.4–0.75 or 0.07‐0.1, repectively, and the gels with TMCTS or DD have a slightly higher G factor than gels with POSS or HD.
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Stop! border ahead: Automatic detection of subthalamic exit during deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Valsky Dan , Marmor‐Levin Odeya , Deffains Marc , Eitan Renana , Blackwell Kim T. , Bergman Hagai , Israel Zvi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicroelectrode recordings along preplanned trajectories are often used for accurate definition of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson's disease. Usually, the demarcation of the STN borders is performed manually by a neurophysiologist. The exact detection of the borders is difficult, especially detecting the transition between the STN and the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Consequently, demarcation may be inaccurate, leading to suboptimal location of the DBS lead and inadequate clinical outcomes.MethodsWe present machine‐learning classification procedures that use microelectrode recording power spectra and allow for real‐time, high‐accuracy discrimination between the STN and substantia nigra pars reticulata.ResultsA support vector machine procedure was tested on microelectrode recordings from 58 trajectories that included both STN and substantia nigra pars reticulata that achieved a 97.6% consistency with human expert classification (evaluated by 10‐fold cross‐validation). We used the same data set as a training set to find the optimal parameters for a hidden Markov model using both microelectrode recording features and trajectory history to enable real‐time classification of the ventral STN border (STN exit). Seventy‐three additional trajectories were used to test the reliability of the learned statistical model in identifying the exit from the STN. The hidden Markov model procedure identified the STN exit with an error of 0.04 ± 0.18 mm and detection reliability (error < 1 mm) of 94%.ConclusionsThe results indicate that robust, accurate, and automatic real‐time electrophysiological detection of the ventral STN border is feasible. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Cigarette smoking alters sialylation in the Fallopian tube of women, with implications for the pathogenesis of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Nio‐Kobayashi Junko , Abidin Hazirah B.Z. , Brown Jeremy K. , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Horne Andrew W. , Duncan W. Colin 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYSialylation creates a negative charge on the cell surface that can interfere with blastocyst implantation. For example, α2,6‐sialylation on terminal galactose, catalyzed by the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1, inhibits the binding of galectin‐1, a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin. We recently reported the potential involvement of galectin‐1 and ‐3 in the pathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy; however, the precise role of galectins and their ligand glycoconjugates remain unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of the genes encoding α2,3‐ and α2,6‐galactoside sialyltransferases (ST3GAL1−6 and ST6GAL1−2) and the localization of sialic acids in the Fallopian tube of women with or without ectopic implantation. ST6GAL1 expression was higher in the mid‐secretory phase than the proliferative phase of non‐pregnant women (P < 0.0001), whereas ST6GAL1 (P < 0.0001), ST3GAL3 (P = 0.0029), ST3GAL5 (P = 0.0089), and ST3GAL6 (P = 0.0018) were all lower in Fallopian tubes with ectopic implantations. α2,3‐ and α2,6‐sialic acids, however, both remained enriched on the surface of Fallopian tube epithelium. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancy, was associated with reduced mid‐secretory‐phase expression of ST6GAL1 (P = 0.0298), but elevated expression of ST3GAL5 (P = 0.0006), an enzyme known to be involved in ciliogenesis. Indeed, sialic acid‐containing ciliated inclusion cysts, which are associated with abnormal ciliogenesis, were observed within the epithelium at a higher frequency in women who smoked (P = 0.0177), suggesting that abnormal ciliogenesis is associated with smoking. Thus, cigarette smoking alters sialylation in the Fallopian tube epithelium, and is potentially a source of decreased tubal transport and increased receptivity for blastocyst in the human Fallopian tube. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1083–1091, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactor Fouling by Preformed Latexes
Authors: Urrutia Jone , Peña Alberto , Asua José M. 
Published: October 2016

Reactor fouling caused by preformed latexes is investigated using 50 wt% solids content latexes of different colloidal stability. In the absence of agitation, a rapid adsorption equilibrium is achieved for pH below the isoelectric point of the stainless steel (pH = 4.3). The equilibrium fouling decreases as solids content decreases and by increasing the pH above the isoelectric point of the stainless steel. The stability of the latex is a major factor determining fouling, which strongly decreases as latex stability increases. Under agitation, fouling increases with time, solids content, and temperature, and it decreases as the colloidal stability of the latex increases. The flow patterns in the reactor determine the distribution of fouling in the baffles. A mechanism for fouling formation is proposed by combining computational fluid dynamics and experimental results.
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Fingiert oder fundiert?
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Tesch Silke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIm Zeitalter sofort verfügbarer Informationen ist es wichtig, die Qualität von Veröffentlichungen einschätzen zu können. Das ist nicht immer einfach, und bibliometrische Indikatoren helfen nur bedingt. Grundsätzlich gilt: Überprüfen Sie, woher die Information kommt, und ziehen Sie Standardwerke frei zugänglichen, ungeprüften Quellen vor.
The Use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) in Taphonomy: The Case of Middle Helladic Asine, Greece
Authors: Macheridis S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to investigate whether multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), a multivariate statistical technique, is a useful dimensionality‐reduction tool in zooarchaeological and taphonomic studies. For this purpose, the focus is to detect and discuss traces of waste management. Animal bones from waste‐related contexts at the Bronze Age site Asine, Greece, are investigated. The data consist of bone fragments dating to the Middle Helladic from this site. Unidentified fragments were categorised in size classes, where possible. Information on taxa, skeletal parts and the presence or absence of several taphonomic markers is included in the data set. The MCA reveals several correlations of zooarchaeological interest. For example, the association between indeterminate fragments and calcined bone points to issues concerning identification and preservation. Floors are characterised by weathered long‐bone fragments from medium‐sized mammals. Additionally, the results of MCA indicate that the material might have suffered from density‐mediated attrition, based on the abundance of axial fragments, which did not differ between different contexts and taxa. The results show that MCA can be used to detect zooarchaeological and taphonomic patterns. This multivariate technique is useful when investigating large data sets, as is often the case with large zooarchaeological assemblages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐dependent output feedback L1 control for positive Markovian jump systems with mode‐dependent time‐varying delays and partly known transition rates
Authors: Qi Wenhai , Gao Xianwen 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe paper deals with the problem of delay‐dependent output feedback L1 control for positive Markovian jump systems with mode‐dependent time‐varying delays and partly known transition rates. First, by constructing an appropriate co‐positive type Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions for stochastic stability and L1‐gain performance of the open‐loop system are developed. Then, an effective method is proposed to construct the output feedback controller. These sufficient criteria are derived in the form of linear programming. A key point of this paper is to extend the special requirement of completely known transition rates to more general form that covers completely known and completely unknown transition rates as two special cases. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the main results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PINK1 in the limelight: multiple functions of an eclectic protein in human health and disease
Authors: Arena Giuseppe , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe gene PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)‐induced putative kinase 1] encodes a serine/threonine kinase which was initially linked to the pathogenesis of a familial form of Parkinson's disease. Research on PINK1 has recently unravelled that its multiple functions extend well beyond neuroprotection, implicating this eclectic protein in a growing number of human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiopulmonary dysfunctions, and inflammation. Extensive studies have identified PINK1 as a crucial player in the mitochondrial quality control pathway, required to label damaged mitochondria and promote their elimination through an autophagic process (mitophagy). Mounting evidence now indicates that PINK1 activities are not restricted solely to mitophagy, and that different subcellular and even sub‐mitochondrial pools of PINK1 are involved in distinct signalling cascades to regulate cell metabolism and survival. In this review, we provide a concise overview on the different functions of PINK1 and their potential role in human diseases. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Band 3 nullVIENNA, a novel homozygous SLC4A1 p.Ser477X variant causing severe hemolytic anemia, dyserythropoiesis and complete distal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Kager Leo , Bruce Lesley J. , Zeitlhofer Petra , Flatt Joanna F. , Maia Tabita M. , Ribeiro M. Leticia , Fahrner Bernhard , Fritsch Gerhard , Boztug Kaan , Haas Oskar A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe describe the second patient with anionic exchanger 1/band 3 null phenotype (band 3 nullVIENNA), which was caused by a novel nonsense mutation c.1430C>A (p.Ser477X) in exon 12 of SLC4A1. We also update on the previous band 3 nullCOIMBRA patient, thereby elucidating the physiological implications of total loss of AE1/band 3. Besides transfusion‐dependent severe hemolytic anemia and complete distal renal tubular acidosis, dyserythropoiesis was identified in the band 3 nullVIENNA patient, suggesting a role for band 3 in erythropoiesis. Moreover, we also, for the first time, report that long‐term survival is possible in band 3 null patients.
Synthesis and characterization of siloxane‐based cyanate ester elastomers from readily available materials: a top‐down approach
Authors: Jennings Abby R , Morey Aimee M , Guenthner Andrew J , Iacono Scott T 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA number of siloxane‐based cyanate ester (SiCE) elastomers were prepared from commercially available starting reagents employing a hydrosilylation reaction. Each elastomer was designed to utilize 2,4,6‐tris(allyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine as a crosslinker and multifunctional vinyl component in the hydrosilylation reaction, ensuring that the triazine rings were completely formed, and thus the elastomers resemble fully cured cyanate ester networks. The hydride‐terminated siloxane components used were varied from small‐molecule siloxanes to pre‐polymers of different molecular weights. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful hydrosilylation reaction and complete curing of the SiCE elastomers via functional group analysis. Thermal characterization by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that thermal properties of the elastomers could be tailored depending on the type of siloxane component that was utilized. The gel content of the elastomers was also determined. Investigations into the effects of a platinum catalyst on the elastomers determined that the presence of the catalyst affected the thermochemical stability of the SiCE elastomers. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Controlled ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone catalyzed by aluminum‐based Lewis pairs or Lewis acid alone
Authors: Nakayama Yuushou , Kosaka Shunsuke , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Yamazaki Gentaro , Tanaka Ryo , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTRing‐opening polymerization of cyclic esters was studied using catalysts composed of bulky Lewis acids (LA) and Lewis bases (LB). Controlled polymerization of l‐lactide (l‐Lac) was proceeded by Al(C6F5)3·THF in combination with trimesitylphosphine (Mes3P) or triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) using BnOH as an initiator to produce poly(l‐Lac) with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD; Mw/Mn = 1.1). Both the LA and the LB were indispensable to promote the polymerization. The molecular weights of the resulting poly(l‐Lac)s were controlled by the feed monomer to initiator ratio. ε‐Caprolactone (CL) was rapidly polymerized by Al(C6F5)3·THF with or without Mes3P, although the resulting polymer had rather broad MWD (Mw/Mn = 1.7). The CL polymerization by Al(C6F5)3·THF alone at r.t. gave poly(CL) with relatively narrow MWD (Mw/Mn = 1.2). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 297–303