bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation using slightly saline water from emerging desalination technologies as a solution to short‐term drought
Authors: Myrans Harry , Xu Shuqi , Mahani Mona E. , Crimp Steven , Torres Juan F. , Gleadow Roslyn M. 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementWith global weather patterns becoming more extreme and unpredictable, sourcing reliable irrigation water is vital for improving food security and conserving drinking water in drought‐prone areas. Emerging desalination technologies, which are still in the development phase, could potentially provide large quantities of slightly saline water for irrigation. However, we must first ensure that any benefits of alleviating drought using this water outweigh the negative impacts of salt stress. We examine the viability of such a system, using Tonga as a case study, with the aim of advocating for future use of emerging desalination technologies for irrigation in low‐ and middle‐income countries.SummaryEmerging desalination technologies have the potential to be a cheap and energy‐efficient source of irrigation water that could be used to alleviate short‐term droughts in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, the water produced is unlikely to be completely salt‐free, potentially increasing the risk of salt stress in crops. In this review, we give an overview of the various emerging desalination technologies. We then use Tonga as a case study for assessing the viability of temporarily irrigating crops with moderately saline water (≤100 mM salt) and assess whether the benefits of alleviating drought outweigh the negative impacts of salt stress. We conclude that, in Tonga, important food security crops are likely to have higher survival and growth rates if they are provided with moderately saline water during drought, including taro, pumpkin and yam. Water derived using the new technologies would not be prohibitively expensive to produce. Moreover, it would minimise the need to divert a diminishing supply of water away from drinking to irrigation. The continued improvement of emerging desalination technologies, together with field trials, will help to optimise the use of moderately saline water for irrigation. This is likely to be especially beneficial for achieving and maintaining food security in low‐ and middle‐income countries in increasingly capricious conditions for agriculture.
Spatial variation in current and historical management of Arabica coffee across forests in its indigenous distribution
Authors: Beche Dinkissa , Tack Ayco J. M. , Ango Tola Gemechu , Nemomissa Sileshi , Lemessa Debissa , Warkineh Bikila , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementArabica coffee grows in the forests and woodlands of Ethiopia. These Arabica coffee populations contain a reservoir of the highest genetic variation of this species, which is extremely valuable from a biodiversity conservation and coffee breeding point of view. Knowledge about the distribution of these populations, including how and to what extent they have been managed by local communities now and in the past, is limited. We reveal insights into the history, distribution, and management of Arabica coffee populations in the remaining forests of Ethiopia, which is essential for developing effective conservation policies for this globally important resource.Summary

To guide conservation of forest biodiversity in a broad sense, we need to understand the landscape‐level variation in current and historical management practices of agroforestry systems.
We collected data on coffee management practices across a large forested landscape in Ethiopia within Arabica coffee's indigenous distribution, using interviews in 11 villages and field surveys and interviews at 78 coffee sites in the forest.
There was a gradient in coffee density (higher), liana cover (lower), and canopy cover (lower) from sites with high management intensity to sites without management. Recently, management intensity has increased in the forest edges. Interviews suggest that substantial areas of currently unmanaged coffee forests are a legacy of reforestation of abandoned (semi‐) open landscapes in the late 19th century.
Despite a dynamic history of coffee cultivation across these areas, the conservation of forest biodiversity, including unmanaged populations of genetically diverse Arabica coffee, should be a priority, given the few such remaining areas in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world.
Special issue: Middle‐class Indian students: Migration recruiters and aspirations
Authors: Cherian Anand Panamthottam , Irudaya Rajan Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the perspectives and hopes of the Indian middle class regarding international migration, specifically focusing on educational mobility. It discusses the obstacles that students encounter in a fluctuating economy, their dependence on family resources and financial support for studying abroad, as well as the importance of social networks. Furthermore, it analyses how social media platforms aid migration and addresses the influence of privatisation and global mobility on student decision‐making. The paper also highlights Indian students' desires to embody ideal neoliberal characteristics to secure prestigious employment while fulfilling cultural expectations within middle‐class households. Additionally, it investigates how migration facilitation and migrants' actions contribute to new migration routes. The research contextualises these changes in students balancing conflicting pressures and ambitions across different locations with cosmopolitan migrant ideals at its core.
Changing patterns and determinants of China's interprovincial migration: Evidence from the 2020 census
Authors: Wen Fenghua , Yu Shujin , Liu Hui , Jiang Yating 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterprovincial migration in China has changed in recent years due to the socioeconomic transformation. Yet, less attention has been paid to the current spatial patterns of interprovincial migration, especially the spatial heterogeneity of the determinants. Based on the newly released 2020 census data, this study explored the spatial patterns and determinants of interprovincial migration in China using a spatial analysis and geographically weighted regression. The results revealed multiple trends in interprovincial migration, including flow from developing provinces in the central region to eastern and western regions and returning flow from developed to developing provinces in the central and western regions. The Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations remained centres of population inflow. Moreover, key western development areas, such as the Chengdu‐Chongqing area and Xinjiang, emerged as centres of population inflow. Economic and social development, social safety, and living environment significantly and positively affected interprovincial migration. Furthermore, significant spatial heterogeneity in factors influencing migration was detected. The findings provide a systematic understanding of China's interprovincial migration in 2020 and the spatial heterogeneity of determinants can guide the population development strategy design of governments.
The impact of gas transfer on responses to exercise training in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: McCormack Ciara , Kehoe Brona , McCullagh Brian , Gaine Sean , Moyna Niall M. , Quadery Syed Rehan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExercise training is recommended for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Post hoc analysis of the PH and Home‐Based (PHAHB) trial stratified patients into two groups based on median diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Patients with higher DLCO had a greater improvement in physical activity performance in response to exercise training, compared to those with lower DLCO. DLCO may be an important consideration in prescribing exercise in PH.
Re‐expansion pulmonary edema and atelectasis due to mucus plug following chest tube placement for pneumothorax
Authors: Nguyen‐Dang Nghi , Tran‐Le Quoc‐Khanh , Nguyen‐Ho Lam 
Published: September 2024

Key messageRe‐expansion pulmonary edema (REPE) and mucus plug‐induced atelectasis are potential complications that clinicians should be aware of following chest tube placement for pneumothorax.
Exceptional long term response to crizotinib in ROS 1‐postive advanced non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Murali Anjali , Farsana A Anju , Subramaniam Sobha , Eapen Malini , Nair Indu R. , Pavithran Keechilat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases worldwide, with a significant proportion of patients harbouring actionable oncogenic alterations. Among these alterations, the ROS1 rearrangement represents a distinct subset with therapeutic implications. Here, we present the case of a 52‐year‐old man diagnosed with advanced NSCLC harbouring the ROS1 fusion gene. Despite the initial poor response to conventional chemotherapy, the patient exhibited an exceptional and sustained response to crizotinib, with a progression‐free survival of 94 months and complete metabolic response on PET scan. This case underscores the importance of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions and highlights the efficacy of targeted therapies for ROS1‐positive NSCLC.
Effectiveness of an Expendable Unmanned Ground Vehicle Stalling a Mechanized Infantry Company's Primary Combat Units—A Virtual Simulation Experiment
Authors: Andersson Christian A. , Halme Kasper , Laine Mia , Hulkko Ville , Virtanen Kai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTechnological advancements have spurred the development of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and their innovative military applications and strategies. Such applications include expendable UGVs. However, public research concerning expendable military UGVs remains sparse. Particularly, the unclassified literature does not contain studies regarding their capabilities and effectiveness in combat. This study introduces a new low‐cost expendable UGV called Laykka. Moreover, the study presents a virtual simulation experiment to evaluate Laykkas' operational capabilities and their impact on advancing mechanized infantry units. The experiment involved armored reserve officer students assuming the roles of infantry troops forming an attacking opposing force while staff officers controlled simulated infantry troops operating the UGVs. A total of 16 battle simulations were fought. The simulated UGVs operated by a single soldier were able to stall the advancement of the mechanized infantry company's primary combat units three times out of four and a smaller force 11 out of 12 times. The best stalling effect was observed using a mix of UGVs with different module types. These modules allowed reconnaissance, loitering mine, and anti‐tank operations. The simulation experiment revealed that the UGV was an effective defensive tool due to its self‐destructive capability, causing marked battle damage, disruption, and confusion to the opposing forces.
Leveraging the Photofunctions of Transition Metal Complexes for the Design of Innovative Phototherapeutics
Authors: Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the advent of various medical interventions for cancer treatment, the disease continues to pose a formidable global health challenge, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches for more effective treatment outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light to activate a photosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for eradicating cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment due to its high spatiotemporal precision and minimal invasiveness. However, the widespread clinical use of PDT faces several challenges, including the inefficient production of ROS in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the limited penetration depth of light in biological tissues, and the inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site. Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the utilization of photofunctional transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for PDT applications due to their intriguing photophysical and photochemical properties. This review provides an overview of the current design strategies used in the development of transition metal complexes as innovative phototherapeutics, aiming to address the limitations associated with PDT and achieve more effective treatment outcomes. The current challenges and future perspectives on the clinical translation of transition metal complexes are also discussed.
Identification and mapping of QTLs and their corresponding candidate genes controlling high night‐time temperature stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kahlon Kaviraj S. , Rawale Kanwardeep S. , Kumar Sachin , Gill Kulvinder S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith every 1°C rise in temperature, yields are predicted to decrease by 5%–6% for both cool and warm season crops, threatening food production, which should double by 2050 to meet the global demand. While high night‐time temperature (HNT) stress is expected to increase due to climate change, limited information is available on the genetic control of the trait, especially in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To identify genes controlling the HNT trait, we evaluated a doubled haploid (DH) population developed from a cross between an HNT tolerant line KSG1203 and KSG0057, a selection out of a mega variety PBW343 from South East Asia that turned out to be HNT susceptible. The population, along with the parents, were evaluated under 30°C night‐time (HNT stress) keeping the daytime temperature to normal 22°C. The same daytime and 16°C night‐time temperature were used as a control. The HNT treatment negatively impacted all agronomic traits under evaluation, with a percentage reduction of 0.5%–35% for the tolerant parent, 8%–75% for the susceptible parent, and 8%–50% for the DH population. Performed using sequencing‐based genotyping, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified 19 QTLs on 13 wheat chromosomes explaining 9.72%–28.81% of cumulative phenotypic variance for HNT stress tolerance, along with 13 that were for traits under normal growing conditions. The size of QTL intervals ranged between 0.021 and 97.48 Mb, with the number of genes ranging between 2 and 867. A candidate gene analysis for the smallest six QTL intervals identified eight putative candidates for night‐time heat stress tolerance.
Mali
Authors: Traoré Ousmane Z. , Diarra Djénéba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chapter documents the Malian government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic and examines inclusiveness and the consideration of social inequalities. Specifically, it aims to assess the socioeconomic impact of the preventive and social protection measures on vulnerable households. Based on an analysis of national survey data from the National Institute of Statistics of Mali and World Bank, qualitative interviews, and secondary literature, we find that the government committed to curbing the spread of the virus, which had multiple effects on different population segments and economic sectors. As a result, the government put in place several socioeconomic support measures to enable affected sectors and vulnerable households to overcome the adverse effects of the pandemic and its subsequent preventive measures. However, we note that although the poor, female-headed households and rural households were the most affected in terms of loss of employment and income, and the lack of access to essential services such as drinking water, health care, and food, these vulnerable households have benefited the least from the assistance provided by government and NGOs, with a resulting exacerbation of already significant levels of inequality in Mali. According to key informants (KI), the imbalances in access to support measures were due to non-consultation of social groups and information asymmetry, which leads to poor targeting. We recommend strengthening institutions that collect data and implement social protection programmes and institutional collaboration in pandemic management.
Niger
Authors: Idrissa Rahmane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNiger’s distressed socioeconomic condition shaped its pandemic response. Restrictions due to the pandemic in urban areas had ramifications for rural areas, although many of the compensatory measures targeted the organized sector, which is urban-based. More importantly, even within sectors, sector players’ impacts and coping mechanisms differed depending on their formality and unionization status. The compliance and responsiveness of the populace centred on mistrust and proximity to the Government, with the middle classes more amenable to the pandemic measures. Contradictions in state responses shaped some of the reactions from the religious leaders and subsequently led to the relaxation of some measures. Structural biases resulted in discrimination in emergency measure application and compensatory scheme access. Negotiation and persuasion instead of coercive policies in pandemic governance and deployment of technology in the unorganized sectors are recommended as some of the solutions to the complex political economy question of pandemic management.
Nigeria
Authors: Obiakor Thelma , Iheonu Chimere , Ihezi Ezra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough the Nigerian government responded quickly to COVID-19, the pandemic tested its capacity to manage such a large-scale economic crisis. The government hurriedly imposed the lockdown, school closures and other emergency restrictions without adequate preparation and little consultation with appropriate stakeholders. Consequently, this had a detrimental effect on the Nigerian society at large but pertinently on the nation's most vulnerable people. While the government offered support in response to the downturn in economic activity and other effects of the emergency restrictions, these support schemes were often inadequate, failing to consider the needs of the most affected and vulnerable groups. People working in the informal sector, for example, felt the immediate effect of the movement restrictions as it upended their livelihoods. Given the pre-COVID-19 conditions, with falling per capita income, high inflation, and an overdependence on oil, the pandemic has placed the nation at a critical juncture.
Ethiopia
Authors: Teshager Kassa , Cholo Tesfaye C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chapter shows that the government’s pandemic responses were focused on prevention. The government declared a state of emergency, postponed the national elections, mobilised resources, and made liquidity injections into the economy to control the outbreak's spread. The non-state actors donated several resources and engaged in awareness creation in collaboration with the state. However, the policy responses did not adequately tackle the impacts of the pandemic on various social groups, e.g. increased gender-based violence and early marriage of schoolgirls, more men than women losing jobs during the period due to business closure mandates and job losses were more prevalent in urban areas. Interestingly, the pandemic promoted structural changes and innovation. The chapter reflects on the gaps in social protection initiatives and recommended a strengthening and institutionalisation of existing social protection programmes to reach more people in a timely manner.
Industry in a Changing Era: Production Paradigms During the Last 50 Years
Authors: Lerch Christian , Jäger Angela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGermany has always been known for its strong industrial base. Although the process of deindustrialisation started in the 1970s, manufacturing is still considered a driver for the high innovation and competitiveness of the German economy. Nevertheless, several paradigm shifts in manufacturing have been observed since that time, changing not only the production philosophy but also predominant ways of thinking. These production paradigms are influenced not only by global events and external developments, but also by an advanced innovation and technology policy of Germany. Likewise, they are not only subject to technological innovations, as suggested, for example, by the concept of the four industrial revolutions (Industry 1.0 to 4.0). Rather, the role of humans and work in production has received increasing attention since the 1970s, and revolutionary organisational concepts have also shaped industrial development in Germany. In order to highlight these lines of development, we present in this article what we consider to be the central production paradigms over the last 50 years and highlight the major guiding issues of German manufacturing. Furthermore, we would like to give an outlook on upcoming production paradigms, as well as possible future developments in manufacturing industries.
From Niche to Mainstream: Exploring Innovation and Progress of Renewable Energy Development
Authors: Panny Julia , Held Anne , Winkler Jenny , Breitschopf Barbara , Jochem Eberhard , Walz Rainer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article explores the evolution of research in the field of renewable energy over the past five decades, tracing its development through various phases. Initially sparked by the 1970s energy crises and growing environmental consciousness, the journey began with a focus on technological solutions for renewables. The article highlights the shift over time away from purely technology-driven research to a broader, interdisciplinary orientation. Following the first phase of exploring technology solutions, we discuss the market expansion phase of renewables, their market integration as well as the current speeding up of the transition towards a more and more renewable electricity system. We highlight the evolution of support mechanisms and concomitant scientific debate that accompanied the move from quota obligations to feed-in tariffs. With renewables now a key element in achieving climate neutrality, research has expanded to include market and system integration, the socio-economic impacts of the renewable energy expansion, and systems transformation perspectives. The article underscores the contribution of different types of institutions and players in shaping renewable energy research and policy, emphasising the increasing importance of a systemic and interdisciplinary approach to address current energy and sustainability challenges in a holistic manner.
Covariant phase space formalism for fluctuating boundaries
Authors: Adami H. , Golshani M. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. , Taghiloo V. , Vahidinia M. H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We reconsider formulating D dimensional gauge theories, with the focus on the case of gravity theories, in spacetimes with boundaries. We extend covariant phase space formalism to the cases in which boundaries are allowed to fluctuate. We analyze the symplectic form, the freedoms (ambiguities), and its conservation for this case. We show that boundary fluctuations render all the surface charges integrable. We study the algebra of charges and its central extensions, charge conservation, and fluxes. We briefly comment on memory effects and questions regarding semiclassical aspects of black holes in the fluctuating boundary setup.