bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Midfacial Soft Tissue Changes After Maxillary Posterior Impaction and Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy for Mandibular Setback in Class III Patients
Authors: Seo Seung-Won , Jung Young-Soo , Baik Hyoung-Seon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the correlation between the 3-dimensional changes in midfacial soft tissues, including the parasagittal area and maxilla–mandible complex, after Le Fort I maxillary posterior impaction and bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (B-IVRO), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study included 22 skeletal Class III patients (6 men and 16 women; mean age 21.6 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional CBCT images taken before and 1 year after surgery were superimposed based on the cranial base. Midfacial soft tissues, including those in the parasagittal area (paranasal area, anterior cheek area, lateral cheek area) and midsagittal areas of the face, were evaluated using reconstructed CBCT images. Correlations and the ratios between soft tissue and hard tissue movement were calculated. After surgery, both paranasal areas showed significant forward movement (about 2.0 mm) and the largest upward movement (about 0.15 mm) among the 3 areas. The paranasal areas moved forward with a ratio of 0.5, according to vertical movement of B. Orthognathic surgery using Le Fort I maxillary posterior impaction with B-IVRO mandibular setback results in forward movement of midfacial soft tissues, even though sagittal movement of the maxilla is limited because facial muscles and retaining ligaments pull the redundant soft tissues, which are caused by vertical movement of the maxilla–mandible. This midfacial soft tissue change with maxillary posterior impaction could be advantageous to patients who have paranasal depression and protrusion of the upper lip owing to proclined upper incisors, which are prevalent among Asian Class III patients.
Experimental constraints on dynamic fragmentation as a dissipative process during seismic slip
Authors: Barber Troy , Griffith W. Ashley 
Published: August 2017

Various fault damage fabrics, from gouge in the principal slip zone to fragmented and pulverized rocks in the fault damage zone, have been attributed to brittle deformation at high strain rates during earthquake rupture. Past experimental work has shown that there exists a critical threshold in stress–strain rate space through which rock failure transitions from failure along a few discrete fracture planes to intense fragmentation. We present new experimental results on Arkansas Novaculite (AN) and Westerly Granite (WG) in which we quantify fracture surface area produced by dynamic fragmentation under uniaxial compressive loading and examine the controls of pre-existing mineral anisotropy on dissipative processes at the microscale. Tests on AN produced substantially greater new fracture surface area (approx. 6.0 m
2
g
−1
) than those on WG (0.07 m
2
g
−1
). Estimates of the portion of energy dissipated into brittle fracture were significant for WG (approx. 5%), but appeared substantial in AN (10% to as much as 40%). The results have important implications for the partitioning of dissipated energy under extreme loading conditions expected during earthquakes and the scaling of high-speed laboratory rock mechanics experiments to natural fault zones.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Faulting, friction and weakening: from slow to fast motion’.
Phase-transformation-induced lubrication of earthquake sliding
Authors: Green Harry W. 
Published: August 2017

Frictional failure is not possible at depth in Earth, hence earthquakes deeper than 30–50 km cannot initiate by overcoming dry friction. Moreover, the frequency distribution of earthquakes with depth is bimodal, suggesting another change of mechanism at about 350 km. Here I suggest that the change at 30–50 km is from overcoming dry friction to reduction of effective stress by dehydration embrittlement and that the change at 350 km is due to desiccation of slabs and initiation by phase-transformation-induced faulting. High-speed friction experiments at low pressure indicate that exceeding dry friction provokes shear heating that leads to endothermic reactions and pronounced weakening. Higher-pressure studies show nanocrystalline gouge accompanying dehydration and the highest pressure experiments initiate by exothermic polymorphic phase transformation. Here I discuss the characteristic nanostructures of experiments on high-speed friction and high-pressure faulting and show that all simulated earthquake systems yield very weak transformation-induced lubrication, most commonly nanometric gouge or melt. I also show that phase-transformation-induced faulting of olivine to spinel can propagate into material previously transformed to spinel, apparently by triggering melting analogous to high-speed friction studies at low pressure. These experiments taken as a whole suggest that earthquakes at all depths slide at low frictional resistance by a self-healing pulse mechanism with rapid strength recovery.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Faulting, friction and weakening: from slow to fast motion’.
Limited role of differential fractionation in genome content variation and function in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
Authors: Brohammer Alex B. , Kono Thomas JY. , Springer Nathan M. , McGaugh Suzanne E. , Hirsch Candice N. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYMaize is a diverse paleotetraploid species with widespread presence/absence variation and copy number variation. One mechanism through which presence/absence variation can arise is differential fractionation. Fractionation refers to the loss of duplicate gene pairs from one of the maize subgenomes during diploidization and differential fractionation refers to non-shared gene loss events between individuals. We investigated the prevalence of presence/absence variation resulting from differential fractionation in the syntenic portion of the genome using two whole genome de novo assemblies of the inbred lines B73 and PH207. Between these two genomes, syntenic genes were highly conserved with less than 1% of syntenic genes being subject to differential fractionation. The few variable syntenic genes that were identified are unlikely to contribute to functional phenotypic variation, as there is a significant depletion of these genes in annotated gene sets. In further comparisons of 60 diverse inbred lines, non-syntenic genes were six times more likely to be variable compared to syntenic genes, suggesting that comparisons among additional genome assemblies are not likely to result in the discovery of large-scale presence/absence variation among syntenic genes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere is a large amount of presence/absence variation for gene content in maize. One mechanism that has been hypothesized to contribute to this variation is differential fractionation between individuals following the maize whole genome duplication event. Using comparative genomics, with sorghum and rice representing the ancestral state, we observed little evidence of differential fractionation among elite inbred lines and the few differentially fractionated genes identified did not appear to confer functional significance.
The importance and adaptive value of life history evolution for metapopulation dynamics
Authors: Bonte Dries , Bafort Quinten 
Published: August 2017

1.	The spatial configuration and size of patches influence metapopulation dynamics by altering colonisation-extinction dynamics and local density-dependency. This spatial forcing as determined by the metapopulation typology then imposes strong selection pressures on life history traits, which will in turn feedback on the ecological metapopulation dynamics. Given the relevance of metapopulation persistence for biological conservation, and the potential rescuing role of evolution, a firm understanding of the relevance of these eco-evolutionary processes is essential. 2.	We here follow a systems modelling approach to quantify the importance of spatial forcing and experimentally observed life history evolution for metapopulation demography as quantified by (meta)population size and variability. We therefore developed an individual based model matching an earlier experimental evolution with spider mites to perform virtual translocation and invasion experiments that would have been otherwise impossible to conduct. 3.	We show that (1) metapopulation demography is more affected by spatial forcing than by life history evolution, but that life history evolution contributes substantially to changes in local and especially metapopulation-level population sizes, (2) extinction rates are minimised by evolution in classical metapopulations, and (3) evolution is optimising individual performance in metapopulations when considering the importance of more cryptic stress resistance evolution. 4.	Ecological systems modelling opens up a promising avenue to quantify the importance of eco-evolutionary feedbacks for larger-scale population dynamics. Metapopulation sizes are especially impacted by evolution but its variability is mainly determined by the spatial forcing. 5.	Eco-evolutionary dynamics can increase the persistence of classical metapopulations. The maintenance of evolutionary dynamics in spatially structured populations is thus not only essential in the face of environmental change; it also generates feedbacks that impact metapopulation persistence.
Managers’ and employees’ contradictory argumentations of spatial change
Authors: Näsänen Jaana , Vanharanta Outi 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a qualitative study concerning managers’ and employees’ rhetorical evaluations of a spatial organizational change.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of rhetorical social psychology is applied to study how the actors of an organization speak about a transformation from a single-room office setting to an open, multi-space office. The material consists of 36 interviews.

Findings
It was found that the responsible managers and employees used contradictory argumentation of what “real work” is like and what the change will result in as rhetorical resources when supporting and contesting the transformation. Although their set of arguments and counter-arguments drew from the same beliefs and values, they were used for opposite purposes.

Practical implications
The results of this research advance awareness of the multidimensional and contradictory nature of change rhetoric and this understanding can be utilized in supporting more effective change programs. For example, instead of constructing unnecessary polarizations between those who resist change and its supporters, the study facilitates to identify the ambiguity of argumentation related to change and the differing symbolic meanings subscribed to.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the organizational change literature by showing the ambiguity of change rhetoric and the contradictory nature of argumentation, both within the talk of specific employee groups and between groups.
Development of antimicrobial textiles using zinc pyrithione
Authors: Jain Anil Kumar , Tesema Addisu Ferede 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a suitable procedure for producing antimicrobial 100 per cent cotton textiles using zinc pyrithione. Zinc pyrithione being bacteriostatic in nature is eco-friendly and safe, both for manufacturer to apply and consumer to use.

Design/methodology/approach
After conducting laboratory trials, bulk trial has also been conducted, and efficacy of zinc pyrithione as bacteriostatic has been quantitatively determined. The durability of antimicrobial finish was also checked before and after repeated domestic laundry.

Findings
The findings indicated that it is possible to produce durable antimicrobial 100 per cent cotton textiles in bulk using zinc pyrithione.

Research limitations/implications
Any exporting textile processing mill can directly use the findings of this work and can produce antimicrobial textiles in their factory.

Practical implications
Any exporting textile mill can increase their export earnings by producing antimicrobial textiles. The antimicrobial textiles are in great demand in Asia-Pacific region and have already touched exports of US$497.4m in 2015 and is projected to reach US$1,076.1m by 2026.

Social implications
The textile user can get protection against pathogenic or odour-causing microorganisms using this hygiene finish in different end uses.

Originality/value
The work is original. Very few references are available on zinc pyrithione. First, laboratory studies were done, and bacteriostatic properties of zinc pyrithione were determined quantitatively followed by bulk trial.
Emergence of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a causative agent of oozing in carrots stored under non‐ventilated conditions
Authors: Lampert Yael , Dror Barak , Sela Noa , Teper‐Bamnolker Paula , Daus Avinoam , Sela (Saldinger) Shlomo , Eshel Dani 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLong‐term storage and transport of post‐harvest carrots (Daucus carota L.) require a low‐temperature, high‐relative‐humidity environment, usually with low ventilation. Following long‐term storage, a slimy exudate (oozing) often appears on the carrots, leading to severe spoilage. We characterized the environmental conditions leading to these symptoms and identified the causative agent. Simulation of non‐ventilated storage conditions revealed accumulation of CO2 (to 80%) and ethanol (to 1000 ppm); then, a transparent exudate appeared on the carrot surface which, upon ventilation, developed into tissue browning and soft rot. Peels from oozing carrots contained over 10‐fold the total bacterial counts of healthy carrots. The total peel microbiome was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. During oozing stage, the surface of carrots incubated in a CO2‐rich (98%) environment harboured a bacterial population dominated by Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales, differing markedly from those incubated in air. Three prevalent bacterial isolates from the oozing carrots were identified as Pantoea agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Inoculation of carrot discs with L. mesenteroides, but not the others, induced oozing under high CO2, suggesting that this bacterium is responsible for oozing of stored carrots. These findings should enable development of approaches to preventing carrot spoilage during long‐term storage.
Microbial biotechnology as a tool to restore degraded drylands
Authors: Maestre Fernando T. , Solé Ricard , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe briefly review how microbial biotechnology can contribute to improve activities aiming to restore degraded drylands and to combat their desertification, which are an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goal 15 of the 2030 Agenda. Microbial biotechnology offers notable promise to improve restoration actions based on the use of biocrust‐forming engineered cyanobacteria, which play key roles in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning in drylands worldwide. Advances in our understanding of microbiome associated to biocrusts and of the signalling involved in the communication among their constituents can also potentially enhance the outcome of restoration activities in drylands.
End‐tidal control vs. manually controlled minimal‐flow anesthesia: a prospective comparative trial
Authors: Wetz A. J. , Mueller M. M. , Walliser K. , Foest C. , Wand S. , Brandes I. F. , Waeschle R. M. , Bauer M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTo ensure safe general anesthesia, manually controlled anesthesia requires constant monitoring and numerous manual adjustments of the gas dosage, especially for low‐ and minimal‐flow anesthesia. Oxygen flow‐rate and administration of volatile anesthetics can also be controlled automatically by anesthesia machines using the end‐tidal control technique, which ensures constant end‐tidal concentrations of oxygen and anesthetic gas via feedback and continuous adjustment mechanisms. We investigated the hypothesis that end‐tidal control is superior to manually controlled minimal‐flow anesthesia (0.5 l/min).MethodsIn this prospective trial, we included 64 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. We analyzed the precision of maintenance of the sevoflurane concentration (1.2–1.4%) and expiratory oxygen (35–40%) and the number of necessary adjustments.ResultsTarget‐concentrations of sevoflurane and oxygen were maintained at more stable levels with the use of end‐tidal control (during the first 15 min 28% vs. 51% and from 15 to 60 min 1% vs. 19% deviation from sevoflurane target, P < 0.0001; 45% vs. 86% and 5% vs. 15% deviation from O2 target, P < 0.01, respectively), while manual controlled minimal‐flow anesthesia required more interventions to maintain the defined target ranges of sevoflurane (8, IQR 6–12) and end‐tidal oxygen (5, IQR 3–6). The target‐concentrations were reached earlier with the use of end‐tidal compared with manual controlled minimal‐flow anesthesia but required slightly greater use of anesthetic agents (6.9 vs. 6.0 ml/h).ConclusionsEnd‐tidal control is a superior technique for setting and maintaining oxygen and anesthetic gas concentrations in a stable and rapid manner compared with manual control. Consequently, end‐tidal control can effectively support the anesthetist.
Mothers' Physiological and Affective Responding to Infant Distress: Unique Antecedents of Avoidant and Resistant Attachments
Authors: Groh Ashley M. , Propper Cathi , Mills‐Koonce Roger , Moore Ginger A. , Calkins Susan , Cox Martha 
Published: August 2017

In a sample of 127 mother–infant dyads, this study examined the predictive significance of mothers' physiological and observed emotional responding within distressing and nondistressing caregiving contexts at 6 months for infant attachment assessed with Fraley and Spieker's (2003) dimensional approach and the categorical approach at 12 months. Findings revealed that a lesser degree of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia withdrawal and higher levels of maternal neutral (vs. positive) affect within distressing (vs. nondistressing) caregiving contexts were distinctive antecedents of avoidance versus resistance assessed dimensionally (but not categorically), independent of maternal sensitivity. Discussion focuses on the usefulness of examining mothers' physiological and affective responding, considering the caregiving context, and employing the dimensional approach to attachment in identifying unique antecedents of patterns of attachment insecurity.
RNAi‐mediated ephrin‐B2 silencing attenuates astroglial‐fibrotic scar formation and improves spinal cord axon growth
Authors: Li Yi , Chen Ying , Tan Ling , Pan Jing‐Ying , Lin Wei‐Wei , Wu Jian , Hu Wen , Chen Xue , Wang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAimsAstroglial‐fibrotic scar formation following central nervous system injury can help repair blood‐brain barrier and seal the lesion, whereas it also represents a strong barrier for axonal regeneration. Intensive preclinical efforts have been made to eliminate/reduce the inhibitory part and, in the meantime, preserve the beneficial role of astroglial‐fibrotic scar.MethodsIn this study, we established an in vitro system, in which coculture of astrocytes and meningeal fibroblasts was treated with exogenous transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) to form astroglial‐fibrotic scar‐like cell clusters, and thereby evaluated the efficacy of RNAi targeting ephrin‐B2 in preventing scar formation from the very beginning. We further tested the effect of RNAi‐based mitigation of astroglial‐fibrotic scar on spinal axon outgrowth on a custom‐made microfluidic platform.ResultsWe found that siRNA targeting ephrin‐B2 significantly reduced both the number and the diameter of cell clusters induced by TGF‐β1 and diminished the expression of aggrecan and versican in the coculture, and allowed for significantly longer extension of outgrowing spinal cord axons into astroglial‐fibrotic scar as assessed on the microfluidic platform.ConclusionsThese results suggest that astroglial‐fibrotic scar formation and particularly the expression of aggrecan and versican could be mitigated by ephrin‐B2 specific siRNA, thus improving the microenvironment for spinal axon regeneration.
Grey matter volume in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and associated eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Martin Monzon Beatriz , Henderson Luke A. , Madden Sloane , Macefield Vaughan G. , Touyz Stephen , Kohn Michael R. , Clarke Simon , Foroughi Nasim , Hay Phillipa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental health disorder of complex aetiology. Previous neuroimaging studies have found consistent global reductions in global grey matter volume of underweight girls with AN; however, differences in regional grey matter volumes are less consistent. The aims of this study were to investigate grey matter regional volumes of adolescent girls with AN before and after weight recovery and the relationship of any changes with clinical characteristics. We collected high‐resolution T1‐weighted images from 26 underweight girls with AN before weight gain and 20 healthy control volunteers. Clinical features were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. AN subjects displayed reduced grey matter volumes in the insula, amygdala, prefrontal, hippocampal and cingulate cortices and the precuneus, relative to healthy controls. In a subset of 10 AN subjects who were followed after weight recovery, grey matter volumes increased to near‐control levels in the orbito‐ and medial prefrontal, insular, left hippocampal and mid‐ and posterior cingulate cortices and precuneus. The recovery of the right anterior thalamus and the left orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with improvements in eating concerns and shape concerns, respectively. However, large parts of the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nuclei and right hippocampus did not display any grey matter recovery following a short‐term of treatment. These results show that in adolescents with AN, some brain regions display marked recovery in grey matter volume following weight recovery, whereas others do not, considering grey mater recovery possibly linked to symptom improvement.