bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting beetle assemblage responses to cultivated farmlands and native woodlands in a dynamic agricultural landscape
Authors: Ng Katherina , Driscoll Don A. , Macfadyen Sarina , Barton Philip S. , McIntyre Sue , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify ways of managing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation without reducing food production. Farming practices that consider spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of farm fields may be a feasible alternative to large‐scale revegetation of farmlands for maintaining arthropod biodiversity and their important ecological function. We examined seasonal differences in beetle assemblages in woodland remnants and four adjoining farmland uses in a highly modified agricultural landscape in southeastern Australia. The farmland uses were crops, fallows, and two restoration treatments (fine woody debris applied over harvested crop fields, and restoration plantings). Unexpectedly, overall species richness was significantly lower in remnants than in adjacent farmlands. Remnants and farmlands supported significantly different assemblages, with a third of species found in both habitats. Abundance responses were taxon‐specific and influenced by interactions between land use and season. In particular, predator abundance was significantly higher in plantings and fallows during spring compared to summer. Detritivore abundance was significantly higher in the woody debris compared to the adjacent remnants. Herbivore abundance did not differ between remnants and farmlands over time. Complex responses provide strong support for a mosaic of land uses to effectively conserve different beetle groups. Species richness results suggest that further agricultural intensification, in farm fields and through the removal of remnant vegetation, risks reducing beetle diversity in this region. Maintaining farmland heterogeneity with a mix of low‐intensity land uses, such as conservation tillage, crop–fallow rotation, restoration plantings, and the novel application of fine woody debris over cultivated fields, may provide seasonal refuge and resources for beetles.
Gall wasp biocontrol of invasive Acacia longifolia: implications of strong bottom‐up effects
Authors: Henriksen Marie V. , Chapple David G. , Chown Steven L. , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe population dynamics of insect herbivore biocontrol agents is central to the successful control of invasive weeds. Although the importance of agent population dynamics is recognized, it is rarely considered in assessments of the biocontrol potential of herbivore agents. Herbivore insect population dynamics are influenced by a combination of top‐down effects from natural enemies, bottom‐up effects from plant resource availability (resource quality and quantity), and potential interactions between these effects. To better understand the tri‐trophic interactions that are likely to determine biocontrol success in a host plant–gall wasp–parasitoid system, the relative importance of top‐down and bottom‐up effects for the survival of a herbivore biocontrol agent (Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae), on two Acacia host plants in their native range, was estimated using path analysis. On both host plants, there was a strong positive relationship between gall mass per chamber and gall wasp survival and a strong negative relationship between gall mass per chamber and gall parasitism, with parasitoids being less common in large than small galls. There was, however, no significant correlation between parasitism and gall wasp survival and, therefore, no evidence for top‐down effects in this system. Strong bottom‐up effects of host plant resources on both gall wasp survival and gall parasitism have implications for the spatio‐temporal variability of biocontrol success. Such variation should be considered in pre‐release assessments and post‐release monitoring of gall wasps used as herbivore biocontrol agents.
A Guiding Typology for Site Visits
Authors: Chapman Haynes Melissa , Murphy Nora F. , Patton Michael Quinn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSite visits are an often‐implemented, understudied activity that occurs in the diverse contexts where program evaluation is conducted. Further, the purposes of evaluative site visits are varied, ranging from provision of technical assistance and formative learning to high‐stakes accreditation site visits. The purpose of this chapter is to set the stage for the rest of this New Directions for Evaluation volume by presenting a typology of site visits with examples that illustrate variations in the eight categories or characteristics of the proposed typology. The typology will help practitioners clarify their thinking around their own site visits and aid in the evaluation planning and design phase of their practice. Additional chapters in this volume will add to the typology by discussing various aspects of quality, procedures, and use of site visits.
The evolution of the Cercopithecini: a (post)modern synthesis
Authors: Lo Bianco Stefania , Masters Judith C. , Sineo Luca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Cercopithecini, or African guenon monkeys, are one of the most diverse clades of living primates and comprise the most species‐rich clade of Catarrhini. Species identity is announced by flamboyant coloration of the facial and genital regions and, more cryptically, by vigorous chromosomal rearrangements among taxa. Beneath the skin, however, these animals are skeletally conservative and show low levels of genetic sequence divergence consonant with recent divergence between congeneric species. The guenons clearly demonstrate that morphological, cytogenetic, and reproductive differentiation proceed at different rates during speciation. We review diverse kinds of data in an effort to understand this conundrum.
Neoproterozoic gabbro–granite association from the Micangshan area, northern Yangtze Block: Implication for crustal growth in an active continental margin
Authors: Lai Shao‐Cong , Qin Jiang‐Feng , Long Xiao‐Ping , Li Yong‐Fei , Ju Yin‐Juan , Zhu Ren‐Zhi , Zhao Shao‐Wei , Zhang Ze‐Zhong , Zhu Yu , Wang Jiang‐Bo 
Published: December 2017

Neoproterozoic igneous rocks along the northern Yangtze Block are closely related to the evolution of the Rodinia supercontinent. This paper presents zircon U–Pb dating, whole‐rock geochemistry and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the gabbro–granite association from the Micangshan area, northern Yangtze Block. Zircon LA‐ICP MS U–Pb dating indicates that the tonalite and monzogranite from the Pinghe display identical ages of 869 ± 4 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, 2σ) and 859 ± 8 Ma (MSWD = 1.9, 2σ), respectively. According to the regional geology, the gabbro may be younger. The monzogranite and tonalite display almost identical geochemical features, both of them have high Na2O/K2O ratios, with insignificant negative Eu anomalies, relatively juvenile Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions. The monzogranite has initial (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.703403 to 0.705218, and positive ɛNd(t) values of +1.23 to +2.98. The tonalite have (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.700387 to 0.706222, positive ɛNd(t) values of +1.98 to +7.79, indicating that they were derived from juvenile source. The 860 Ma monzogranite–tonalite association suggests crustal growth event in an active continental margin. The gabbro has low (La/Yb)N ratios (1.80 to 7.61) and total rare earth element contents (∑REE = 44.95 to 83.92 ppm), they have initial (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.701913 to 0.704815, positive ɛNd(t) values of +0.65 to +5.73, indicating an island‐arc affinity. In combination with the other Neoproterozoic igneous rocks along the western and northern margin of the Yangtze Block, we propose that the gabbro and granitoid association from the Micangshan area represent two stage crustal growth events in the active continental margin setting, and these results imply that the Neoproterozoic crustal growth events in the Yangtze Block may be controlled by subduction.
Characteristics of dual media in tight‐sand gas reservoirs and its impact on reservoir quality: A case study of the Jurassic reservoir from the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Jin Zhijun , Pang Xiongqi , Guo Yingchun , Chen Xiao , Guan Hong 
Published: December 2017

The recent gas exploration in West China demonstrated that formation conditions of tight‐sandstone gas are distinct from typical ones in North America. One remarkable difference is that complicated tectonic conditions in the foreland basin of West China, especially the Himalayan tectonic movement, resulted in widely developed fractures in tight‐sand reservoirs. Thus, this work employed dual media to characterize tight‐sand reservoir system and explain the impact of dual media on tight‐sand gas reservoir by: (a) describing the feature of fractures and properties of Yinan 2 tight‐sand reservoir; (b) characterizing dual media with mercury intrusion porosimetry, full diameter and conventional core analysis; (c) discussing gas charging and accumulating in dual media based on the difference between dual media and tight‐sand rocks. Observation from cores, FMI images and thin sections suggested that macro‐ and micro‐fractures are widely distributed in Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation (J1a) tight sandstones, with dip angle of 70° to 80°. These fractures are strongly scale‐dependent with length of several centimetres to a few tens of centimetres and apertures of several hundreds to several thousands of microns. J1a tight‐sand reservoir is characterized by poor porosity, with an average value of 7.7%, whereas measured permeability varies from 0.01–100 mD. Intrusion and extrusion curves of dual media and tight‐sand rocks are significantly different from each other, while displacement pressure and medium saturation pressure of dual media are lower than tight‐sand rocks. Importantly, maximum pore throats of dual media are 1.75–32.22 times larger than juxtaposed tight‐sand rocks. The ratio of permeability between dual media and tight sandstone is up to 1,000, whereas the ratio of porosities only ranges from 1 to 1.5. Thus, dual media in tight‐sand reservoir represents high permeability system and matrix pores are primarily storage system. The impact of dual media on tight‐sand gas reservoir involves its position, temporal coupling of gas charging and growth. In terms of fracture growth prior to gas charge, multi‐force can work together as a driving force, and fractures as a flow system and matrix pores as a storage system linked by fractures; buoyancy is the primary driving force in fractures. In terms of gas charge prior to fracture growth, dual media can also exert a positive impact on gas charging when occurring in the inner part of tight‐sand reservoir defined by the critical throat threshold. However, dual media can also destroy the “inverted gas–water” and shrink tight‐sand gas reservoir when occurring at the original critical throat threshold.
Late Paleogene saline lake evolution of the Ningnan Basin and its response to the regional paleoclimate and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from sedimentary strata, and S and Sr isotopes
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Li Rongxi , Hu Jianmin , Li Delu , Zhao Bangsheng , Liu Futian , Cheng Jinghua , Qin Xiaoli 
Published: December 2017

A saline lake developed in the Ningnan Basin during the sedimentation of the Qingshuiying Formation in the Late Paleogene. In order to research the evolutionary characteristics of the saline lake and its response effect to the regional paleoclimate and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Late Paleogene, the Hejiakouzi section of Qingshuiying Formation in the north of the Ningnan Basin was selected. The features of the strata, gypsum petrology, and S and Sr isotopes of synsedimentary gypsum were studied. Furthermore, the relationship of the evolution of the saline lake to the regional paleoclimate and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau are discussed. The results showed that the lithology of Qingshuiying Formation was mainly celadon‐aubergine mudstone and gypsum. S and Sr isotopic values of synsedimentary gypsum were 8.2–12.3‰ and 0.7105–0.7113, respectively. The sedimentary environment of Qingshuiying Formation was generally a weak continental saline lake, which can be further divided into 4 kinds of sedimentary environment, namely deep saline lake, semi‐deep saline lake, shallow saline lake, and brackish lake. At 45–40 Ma, the first uplift of the Tibetan Plateau occurred with a humid climate, and a brackish lake was mainly germinated. At 40–30 Ma, the climate was dry and hot, and deep and semi‐deep saline lakes mainly developed. At 30–27 Ma, the climate became dry and cold, and a shallow saline lake mainly developed. At 27–23 Ma, the second uplift of the Tibetan Plateau occurred, the climate became humid and cold due to the East Asian summer monsoon, and a brackish lake mainly developed, and the evolution of saline lake was completed by this time.
Petrogenesis of Cenozoic shoshonitic rocks in Fiji: Constraints from mineral and whole‐rock geochemistry
Authors: Sun Guo‐Zheng , Xu Wen‐Liang , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Guo Peng , Liu Shu‐Wen 
Published: December 2017

This paper reports mineral and whole‐rock geochemical data (major and trace elements, Sr–Nd isotopes, and in situ plagioclase Sr‐isotope analysis) for Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Sabeto, NW Fiji, with the aim of constraining the origin of Cenozoic shoshonitic rocks found throughout Fiji. The most mafic shoshonitic lavas (absarokites) exhibit porphyritic textures and massive structure with phenocrysts of olivine (Fo = 76–78), clinopyroxene (Mg# = 73.9–80.0), and plagioclase (An = 71.9–92.1). Major element geochemical data include SiO2 = 47.31–48.46 wt%, MgO = 4.20–5.76 wt%, Mg# = 49–51, Al2O3 = 17.64–18.93 wt%, and (Na2O + K2O) = 5.12–7.01 wt%. The trace element geochemistry is typically arc like, with enrichment in the large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), the light rare earth elements (LREEs), and P, along with depletion in the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti). Whole‐rock (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and εNd(t) values vary from 0.7037 to 0.7039 and from +7.62 to +8.45, respectively. The former is near equal to the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of plagioclase phenocrysts (0.7034–07039). Based on these geochemical data and the results of previous studies, we propose that the Sabeto shoshonitic primary magma was derived from partial melting of the depleted lithospheric mantle, modified by subduction‐related fluids. The thermobarometric calculation indicates that the P–T conditions of Fiji shoshonitic magma chamber are ~1100 °C and ~2.8 GPa (~90 km depth), with an average H2O fraction of ~6 wt%. In addition, the shoshonitic melts experienced fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase during magma evolution. These volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting following collision of the Vitiaz arc and the Ontong Java Plateau during the Pliocene.
Timing of the final closure of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean: New insights from the earliest stitching pluton in the northern West Junggar, NW China
Authors: Liu Bo , Chen Jia‐Fu , Ma Xu , Liu Jun‐Lai , Gong En‐Pu , Shi Wen‐Ge , Han Bao‐Fu 
Published: December 2017

A tight constraint on the closure time of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean, a major southwestern branch of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, is crucial for understanding the final amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt; however, no agreement has been reached. This study presents new zircon U–Pb ages and whole‐rock geochemical data for the Keluke composite pluton in the Zharma–Saur arc of the northern West Junggar (NW China). The Keluke composite pluton mainly includes the hornblende gabbro, gabbroic diorite, and K‐feldspar granite. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the hornblende gabbro and K‐feldspar granite formed at 334 ± 1 Ma and 319 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The gabbroic and dioritic rocks are calc‐alkaline and arc‐related plutonism characterized by strong depletions in Nb–Ta–Ti, thus being the product of the subduction of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean. By contrast, the K‐feldspar granite is geochemically similar to the post‐collisional highly fractionated I‐type granite. In particular, when compared with regional magmatic events, the Keluke K‐feldspar granite represents the first stitching plutonism in response to the termination of the Irtysh–Zaisan Ocean, which strongly indicates that the Irtysh–Zaisan Ocean was closed prior to the earliest late Carboniferous.
Networks of myelin covariance
Authors: Melie‐Garcia Lester , Slater David , Ruef Anne , Sanabria‐Diaz Gretel , Preisig Martin , Kherif Ferath , Draganski Bogdan , Lutti Antoine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNetworks of anatomical covariance have been widely used to study connectivity patterns in both normal and pathological brains based on the concurrent changes of morphometric measures (i.e., cortical thickness) between brain structures across subjects (Evans, ). However, the existence of networks of microstructural changes within brain tissue has been largely unexplored so far. In this article, we studied in vivo the concurrent myelination processes among brain anatomical structures that gathered together emerge to form nonrandom networks. We name these “networks of myelin covariance” (Myelin‐Nets). The Myelin‐Nets were built from quantitative Magnetization Transfer data—an in‐vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of myelin content. The synchronicity of the variations in myelin content between anatomical regions was measured by computing the Pearson's correlation coefficient. We were especially interested in elucidating the effect of age on the topological organization of the Myelin‐Nets. We therefore selected two age groups: Young‐Age (20–31 years old) and Old‐Age (60–71 years old) and a pool of participants from 48 to 87 years old for a Myelin‐Nets aging trajectory study. We found that the topological organization of the Myelin‐Nets is strongly shaped by aging processes. The global myelin correlation strength, between homologous regions and locally in different brain lobes, showed a significant dependence on age. Interestingly, we also showed that the aging process modulates the resilience of the Myelin‐Nets to damage of principal network structures. In summary, this work sheds light on the organizational principles driving myelination and myelin degeneration in brain gray matter and how such patterns are modulated by aging.
Early Signs of Bone and Cartilage Changes Induced by Treadmill Exercise in Rats
Authors: Moshtagh Parisa R , Korthagen Nicoline M , Plomp Saskia G , Pouran Behdad , Castelein Rene M , Zadpoor Amir A , Weinans Harrie 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the earliest alterations of bone and cartilage tissues as a result of different exercise protocols in the knee joint of Wistar rats. We hypothesize that pretraining to a continuous intense running protocol would protect the animals from cartilage degeneration. Three groups of animals were used: (i) an adaptive (pretraining) running group that ran for 8 weeks with gradually increasing velocity and time of running followed by a constant running program (6 weeks of 1.12 km/hour running per day); (ii) a non‐adaptive running (constant running) group that initially rested for 8 weeks followed by 6 weeks of constant running; and (iii) a non‐running (control) group. At weeks 8, 14, and 20 bone and cartilage were analyzed. Both running groups developed mild symptoms of cartilage irregularities, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy and cell clustering in different cartilage zones, in particular after the adaptive running protocol. As a result of physical training in the adaptive running exercise a dynamic response of bone was detected at week 8, where bone growth was enhanced. Conversely, the thickness of epiphyseal trabecular and subchondral bone (at week 14) was reduced due to the constant running in the period between 8 and 14 weeks. Finally, the intermediate differences between the two running groups disappeared after both groups had a resting period (from 14 to 20 weeks). The adaptive running group showed an increase in aggrecan gene expression and reduction of MMP2 expression after the initial 8 weeks running. Thus, the running exercise models in this study showed mild bone and cartilage/chondrocyte alterations that can be considered as early‐stage osteoarthritis. The pretraining adaptive protocol before constant intense running did not protect from mild cartilage degeneration. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Social antecedents in physical activity: Tracking the self‐determination theory sequence in adolescents
Authors: Chicote‐López Javier , Abarca‐Sos Alberto , Gallardo Laura O. , García‐González Luis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test the self determination theory (SDT) sequence to predict physical activity (PA) and intention to be active during adolescence: social factors (father, mother, friends, and physical education teacher) → basic psychological needs (BPN) → types of motivation were assessed→ PA and intention to be active. Participants were 1,150 adolescents, Mage = 15.01 (1.55), who completed questionnaires. Structural equation modeling supports the SDT sequence model. Results revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation positively predicted both PA and intention to be active while amotivation did so negatively. Moreover, social factors behaved differently with BPN, finding positive relationships between father, friends, and physical education teachers with competence, autonomy, and relatedness, whereas mother's support does not influence the sequence. The study shed light on the SDT theory to provide a better understanding of physical activity behaviors and intentions during adolescence.
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system modulates neutrophil function
Authors: Nicholls Alyce J , Wen Shu Wen , Hall Pam , Hickey Michael J , Wong Connie H Y 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence has revealed that noradrenaline (NA), the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), regulates a variety of immune functions via binding to adrenergic receptors present on immune cells. In this study, we examined the role of NA in the regulation of neutrophil functions. Neutrophils were isolated from the bone marrow of naïve mice and treated with NA at various concentrations to assess the effect on various neutrophil functions. Additionally, we performed cremaster intravital microscopy to examine neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions following NA superfusion in vivo. In a separate group of animals, mice were subjected to an experimental model of stroke and at 4 and 24 h neutrophils were isolated for assessment on their ability to migrate toward various chemokines. Treatment of neutrophils with NA for 4 h significantly impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and induced an N2 neutrophil phenotype with reduced expression of the genes critical for cytoskeleton remodeling and inflammation. Prolonged NA administration promoted neutrophils to release myeloperoxidase and IL-6, but suppressed the production of interferon-γ and IL-10, reduced neutrophil activation and phagocytosis. Superfusion of NA over the cremaster muscle almost completely inhibited fMLP-induced neutrophil adhesion/arrest and transmigration. Furthermore, using a mouse model of stroke, a pathological condition in which SNS activation is evident, neutrophils isolated from poststroke mice showed markedly reduced chemotaxis toward all of the chemokines tested. The findings from our study indicate that neutrophil chemotaxis, activation, and phagocytosis can all be negatively regulated in an NA-dependent manner. A better understanding of the relationship between sympathetic activation and neutrophil function will be important for the development of effective antibacterial interventions.