bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Representation of Raindrop Self‐Collection and Breakup in Two‐Moment Bulk Models Using a Multifrequency Radar Retrieval
Authors: Niquet L. , Tridon F. , Grzegorczyk P. , Causse A. , Bordet B. , Wobrock W. , Planche C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing multifrequency radar observations providing raindrop size distribution evolution with high spatial and temporal resolution, this study aims to assess the ability of different parameterizations of raindrop self‐collection and breakup processes applied in mesoscale models, to reproduce the statistics derived from observations. The stratiform zones of two types of precipitating systems are studied, a frontal situation that occurred over Finland in June 2014 and a squall line system observed over Oklahoma in June 2011. An analysis method for determining raindrop trajectories was used to obtain the temporal variation of the total raindrop concentration from the observations. The resulting raindrop concentration rate as a function of the mean volume diameter reveals significant differences with the parameterizations currently used in two‐moment bulk microphysics schemes. These results show that even if they produce variations in raindrop concentration of the same order of magnitude as the observations, the current parameterizations diverge from the median of the observations, resulting in an overestimation of either the self‐collection or the breakup process. From the median of radar observations, new parameterizations of the self‐collection and breakup processes and of rain self‐collection efficiency are developed and can be implemented in two‐moment bulk microphysics schemes.
Distinct Radiative and Chemical Impacts Between the Equatorial and Northern Extratropical Volcanic Injections
Authors: Peng Yifeng , Tian Wenshou , Li Chenwei , Xue Haiyang , Yu Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStratospheric volcanic aerosols can affect the global radiative balance and stratospheric composition. In this study, we analyze ensemble experiments with an interactive stratospheric aerosol microphysical general circulation model, designed to assess the climate forcing from large‐magnitude explosive eruptions in the tropics and northern extratropics. Previous studies have generally identified a lower radiative forcing from extratropical eruptions from the shorter stratospheric lifetime of volcanic sulfate aerosols. However, our study finds that both the shorter lifetime and lower effective radiative forcing (ERF) efficacy contribute to the lower ERF in the northern extratropical eruptions. The simulated 2‐year averaged ERF efficacy in northern extratropical eruptions is 22% lower than that in the equatorial eruptions due to the seasonal mismatch of peak stratospheric aerosol optical depth and solar radiation in the first year after a northern extratropical volcanic eruption. Additionally, equatorial eruptions accelerate the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), while northern hemispheric (NH) extratropical eruptions decelerate the BDC branch in NH and accelerate the BDC branch in southern hemisphere (SH), leading to different spatio‐temporal pattern of ozone anomalies. Consequently, dominated by the dynamical processes, equatorial eruption leads to ozone loss in tropics and increase in midlatitudes, while both northern extratropical summer and winter eruptions trigger ozone decrease in NH and increase in SH.
Dust Dynamics in Gale Crater Observed Using the Line‐Of‐Sight Extinction Through 3,663 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission
Authors: Bischof G. , Guzewich S. D. , Moores J. E. , Lemmon M. T. , Battalio J. M. , Hayes C. W. , Innanen A. C. , Smith C. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Curiosity Rover has been exploring the Gale Crater using the on‐board Navigation Camera to monitor the line‐of‐sight (LOS) dust extinction within the crater. Previous studies of the line‐of‐sight extinction have shown an annual trend where a minimum in extinction occurs around Ls = 100° and a maximum occurs around Ls = 300°. However, past studies have been constrained to images acquired only between 10:00 and 14:00 local time, limiting our understanding of the variation of dust extinction in Gale Crater throughout the day. Here, using a method that corrects for variable lighting geometry, we reanalyze the line‐of‐sight images captured throughout the mission to include images acquired in the early morning and late afternoon. Additionally, we update the line‐of‐sight record to include over 1,000 additional sols of the mission through sol 3,663, which updates our record of extinction in Gale to the end of Mars Year 36—a period of almost 5.5 Mars Years. Using images taken throughout the sol, we examine the diurnal trend in dust extinction, where a maximum is seen around solar noon. This diurnal trend is observed throughout the year, with a larger diurnal variation observed during the southern summer. Additionally, the geographic homogeneity in dust loading is quantified, with higher dust loading observed in the western portion of the line‐of‐sight images, corresponding with the north‐western portion of the crater rim. These observations suggest that dust lifting from the surface and vertical mixing are factors in the diurnal, seasonal, and geographic dynamics observed in the extinctions.
Geostratigraphic Mapping of the Intrusive Valentine Domes on the Moon
Authors: Suárez‐Valencia Javier Eduardo , Rossi Angelo Pio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLunar intrusive igneous domes have not been the center of much research in the past due to their rare occurrence on the lunar surface, and the difficulty in locating them. Most of the known structures were discovered using images with low illumination angles, including data from the Lunar Orbiter, telescopic images, and photos taken during the Apollo Missions. These intrusive domes are characterized by an oval shape and low slopes. We analyzed one of these systems, the Valentine domes, located near the rim of the western Serenitatis basin, with modern techniques and data sets from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Chandrayaan‐1 missions. We created a geostratigraphic map of the area, combining geomorphological and spectral classifications. The aspect map (direction of the slope) proved to be the most suitable product to locate and delimit these structures; using it, we identified a new dome southeast of the principal body, suggesting that the intrusive system is larger than previously thought. It was found that the three domes can be classified as laccoliths, and that several derived structures such as rilles, dykes, and secondary domes represent different stages of intrusive activity in the area. Based on crater counting analysis, we determined that the intrusive activity began after 2.98 ± 0.15 Ga and lasted at least until 1.88 ± 0.5 Ga ago.
Fast Joint DOA and Inter‐Subarray Errors Estimation in Partly Calibrated Arrays
Authors: Song Qi , Yan Feng‐Gang , Meng Xiang‐Tian , Cao Bing‐Xia , Jin Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we utilize the original noise subspace and its conjugate to reconstruct a new estimator for the fast joint estimation of DOA and inter‐subarray errors in the partly calibrated arrays (PCA), namely fast‐rank‐reduce (F‐RARE). Based on the new estimator, the collection of true DOA estimation and its virtual mirror can be obtained by searching over only half of the total angular field‐of‐view. Then, the true DOA estimation can be selected by using the conventional beamforming (CBF) technique. Additionally, the inter‐subarray errors can also be computed by a finite number of subspace decompositions. Numerical simulation illustrates that compared with the conventional RARE algorithm, the new method can not only reduce the computational burden by a half but also provide a similar estimation accuracy.
Generation of squeezed vacuum state in the millihertz frequency band
Authors: Gao Li , Zheng Li-ang , Lu Bo , Shi Shaoping , Tian Long , Zheng Yaohui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe detection of gravitational waves has ushered in a new era of observing the universe. Quantum resource advantages offer significant enhancements to the sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories. While squeezed states for ground-based gravitational wave detection have received marked attention, the generation of squeezed states suitable for mid-to-low-frequency detection has remained unexplored. To address the gap in squeezed state optical fields at ultra-low frequencies, we report on the first direct observation of a squeezed vacuum field until Fourier frequency of 4 millihertz with the quantum noise reduction of up to 8.0 dB, by the employment of a multiple noise suppression scheme. Our work provides quantum resources for future gravitational wave observatories, facilitating the development of quantum precision measurement.
Associations of ethnicity, skin tone, and genome-wide sequencing with bone mineral density in adolescents
Authors: Gordon Catherine M. , Fleisch Abby F. , Hivert Marie-France , Rokoff Lisa B. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Raphael Jean L. , Oken Emily 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry reference data designate Black and non-Black categories, as higher BMD has been documented among Black youth. We examined associations of race, skin tone, and genetic factors with bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods
557 adolescents were followed longitudinally. Exposures included race, skin tone, and principal components (PC) from genome-wide arrays. Total body BMD Z-score (BMD-Z) was the primary outcome using linear regression.

Results
359 adolescents identified as non-Hispanic White (NHW) and 75, non-Hispanic Black (NHB). BMD-Z was higher in NHB vs. NHW (β: 0.92 units, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.19) or those with darker skin (0.79, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.08 for brown vs. medium). The first genetic PC (PC1) correlated with identification as NHB. PC1 was associated with higher BMD-Z (0.09, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.12), even after including race (0.07, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.14) or skin tone (0.10, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15); both race (0.26, 95% CI: −0.49, 1.01 for NHB vs. NHW) and skin tone (−0.08, 95% CI: −0.59, 0.44 for brown vs. medium) no longer predicted BMD-Z after adjustment for PC1.

Conclusion
Genetic similarity was robustly associated with BMD, prompting a reevaluation of adolescent BMD reference data to exclude the consideration of race.

Impact

Current bone density reference databases include a binary assignment of patients into “Black” and “non-Black” categories, as a higher BMD has been documented among those identifying as Black compared with individuals of other racial and ethnic backgrounds.

This study found genetic similarity to be more strongly associated with bone density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry than race or skin tone.

These data emphasize a need to reevaluate how bone density measurements are interpreted, including exploring reference data that exclude the consideration of race.
Comparing peripheral limb and forehead vital sign monitoring in newborn infants at birth
Authors: Swamy Suvvi K. Narayana , Stockwell Simon J. , Liu Chong , Henry Caroline , Shipley Lara , Ward Carole , Mirahmadi Siavash , Correia Ricardo , Morgan Stephen P. , Crowe John A. , Sharkey Don , Hayes-Gill Barrie R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo study the feasibility of measuring heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) on the forehead, during newborn transition at birth, and to compare these measurements with those obtained from the wrist.MethodsVital signs were measured and compared between forehead-mounted reflectance (remittance) photoplethysmography sensor (fhPPG) and a wrist-mounted pulse oximeter sensor (wrPO), from 20 enrolled term newborns born via elective caesarean section, during the first 10 min of life.ResultsFrom the datasets available (n = 13), the median (IQR) sensor placement times for fhPPG, ECG and wrPO were 129 (70) s, 143 (68) s, and 159 (76) s, respectively, with data recorded for up to 10 min after birth. The success rate (percentage of total possible HR values reported once sited) of fhPPG (median = 100%) was higher compared to wrPO (median = 69%) during the first 6 min of life (P < 0.005). Both devices exhibited good HR agreement with ECG, achieving >95% agreement by 3 (fhPPG) and 4 (wrPO) min. SpO2for fhPPG correlated with wrPO (r = 0.88), but there were significant differences in SpO2between the two devices between 3 and 8 min (P < 0.005), with less variance observed with fhPPG SpO2.ConclusionIn the period of newborn transition at birth in healthy term infants, forehead measurement of vital signs was feasible and exhibited greater HR accuracy and higher estimated SpO2values compared to wrist-sited pulse oximetry. Further investigation of forehead monitoring based on the potential benefits over peripheral monitoring is warranted.ImpactThis study demonstrates the feasibility of continuously monitoring heart rate and oxygen saturation from an infant’s forehead in the delivery room immediately after birth.Significantly higher SpO2measurements were observed from the forehead than the wrist during the transition from foetal to newborn life.Continuous monitoring of vital signs from the forehead could become a valuable tool to improve the delivery of optimal care provided for newborns at birth.
Beyond the Bite: Exploring Mental Health of Dental Faculty in Pakistan– a multi-institutional study
Authors: Ali Kamran , Zahra Daniel , Bashir Ulfat , Daud Alaa , Raja Hina Zafar , Witton Rob , Raja Mahwish 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Mental health issues are being reported increasingly amongst healthcare staff and students globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of common mental health issues amongst dental faculty members at multiple institutions in Pakistan.

Methods
Following approval from the institutional ethics review board, dental faculty members at 14 dental institutions were invited to participate in an online survey based on globally validated scales for mental health problems including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Two open-ended questions were included in the survey to identify perceived factors contributing to poor mental health and recommendations for improving institutional support.

Results
A total of 200 faculty members out of provided their responses to the survey questionnaire but complete responses were provided by 183 participants which included 120 (65.57%) females, and 63 (34.43%) males. The total number of faculty members at the participating institutions was 426 and 183 responses translated into an overall response rate of 43%. Most participants were in the 31–40 years age-group (n = 81, 44.26%) followed by 25–30 year (n = 51, 22.87%) and 41–50 years (n = 40, 21.86%). The mean score on PHQ-9 was 6.51 (SD ± 5.4) while the mean DASS-21 score was 13.04 (SD ± 10.95). PHQ-9 Depression, and DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were all significantly positively correlated for the whole sample, and within each subgroup of each demographic factor. Job-related workload, lack of institutional support, financial limitations, and poor work life balance were identified as the main factors contributing adversely to the mental health of the participants.

Discussion
This study provides useful insights into the scale of mental health status amongst dental faculty members at 14 institutions in Pakistan. Underlying factors affecting the mental health of faculty members adversely were identified and recommendations are provided to address these challenges.
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor via miR-126 controls tumor formation/growth and the proteolytic niche in murine models of colorectal and colitis-associated cancers
Authors: Salama Yousef , Munakata Shinya , Osada Taro , Takahashi Satoshi , Hattori Koichi , Heissig Beate 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs, including the tumor-suppressor miR-126 and the oncogene miR-221, regulate tumor formation and growth in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study explores the impact of the epithelial cytokine heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the pathogenesis of CAC and CRC, particularly in the regulation of microRNA-driven tumor growth and protease expression. In murine models of CRC and CAC, lack of miR-126 and elevated miR-221 expression in colonic tissues enhanced tumor formation and growth. MiR-126 downregulation in colon cells established a pro-tumorigenic proteolytic niche by targeting HB-EGF-active metalloproteinase-7, -9 (MMP7/MMP9), disintegrin, and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9, and modulating chemokine-mediated recruitment of HB-EGF-loaded inflammatory cells. Mechanistically, downregulation of HB-EGF and EGFR in the colon suppressed miR-221 and enhanced miR-126 expression via activating enhancer-binding protein 2 alpha. Reintroducing miR-126 reduced tumor development and HB-EGF expression. Combining miR-126 reintroduction, which targets specific HB-EGF-active proteases but not ADAM17, with MMP inhibitors like Batimastat or Marimastat effectively suppressed tumor growth. This combination normalized protease expression and balanced miR-126 and miR-221 levels in developing and growing tumors. These findings demonstrate that suppressing HB-EGF and EGFR1 shifts the balance from oncogenic miR-221 to tumor-suppressive miR-126 action. Consequently, normalizing miR-126 expression could open new avenues for treating patients with CAC and CRC, and this normalization is intertwined with the anticancer efficacy of MMP inhibitors.
TRIM55 restricts the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of NF90
Authors: Luo Changhong , Lu Yuyan , Fang Qinliang , Lu Jing , Zhan Ping , Xi Wenqing , Wang Jinzhu , Chen Xijun , Yao Qin , Wang Fuqiang , Yin Zhenyu , Xie Chengrong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. Tripartite motif containing 55 (TRIM55), also known as muscle-specific ring finger 2 (Murf2), belongs to the TRIM protein family and serves as an E3 ligase. Recently, the function and mechanism of TRIM55 in the advancement of solid tumors have been elucidated. However, the role of TRIM55 and its corresponding protein substrates in HCC remains incompletely explored. In this study, we observed a significant reduction in TRIM55 expression in HCC tissues. The downregulation of TRIM55 expression correlated with larger tumor size and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and predicted unfavorable overall and tumor-free survival. Functional experiments demonstrated that TRIM55 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, as well as hindered HCC growth and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, TRIM55 exhibited a suppressive effect on HCC angiogenesis. Mechanistically, TRIM55 interacted with nuclear factor 90 (NF90), a double-stranded RNA-binding protein responsible for regulating mRNA stability and gene transcription, thereby facilitating its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, TRIM55 attenuated the association between NF90 and the mRNA of HIF1α and TGF-β2, consequently reducing their stability and inactivating the HIF1α/VEGF and TGFβ/Smad signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings unveil the important roles of TRIM55 in suppressing the progression of HCC partly by promoting the degradation of NF90 and subsequently modulating its downstream pathways, including HIF1α/VEGF and TGFβ/Smad signaling.
N4BP3 facilitates NOD2-MAPK/NF-κB pathway in inflammatory bowel disease through mediating K63-linked RIPK2 ubiquitination
Authors: Jiang Wang , Zhao Yan , Han Min , Xu Jiafan , Chen Kun , Liang Yi , Yin Jie , Hu Jinyue , Shen Yueming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe NOD2 signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development, has been closely associated with ubiquitination. It was revealed in this study that NOD2 receptor activation could obviously affect the expression of 19 ubiquitination-related genes, with N4BP3 being the most prominently expressed and upregulated. In addition, N4BP3 knockdown was found to reduce the mRNA levels of MDP-induced inflammatory factors, while N4BP3 overexpression elevated their mRNA levels as well as the levels of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, phospho-P38 and phospho-NF-κB P65 proteins. Immunoprecipitation tests showed that N4BP3 could pull down RIPK2 and promote its K63-linked ubiquitination. In human tissue specimen assays and mouse experiments, we found that the expression of N4BP3 was significantly elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and IBD mice, and N4BP3 knockdown reduced the dextran sulfate sodium-induced pathological score and the expression of inflammatory factors in the mouse colon tissue. In conclusion, N4BP3 is able to interact with RIPK2 and promote its K63-linked ubiquitination, to further promote the NOD2-MAPK/NF-κB pathway, thereby increasing promoting the release of inflammation factors and the degree of IBD inflammation.
CD30 influences germinal center B-cell dynamics and the expansion of IgG1-switched B cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Rambold Ursula , Fiedler Petra , Babushku Tea , Tapken Claas L. , Hoefig Kai P. , Hofer Thomas P. , Adler Heiko , Yildirim Ali Önder , Strobl Lothar J. , Zimber-Strobl Ursula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInitially, identified as a Hodgkin lymphoma marker, CD30 was subsequently detected on a subset of human B cells within and around germinal centers (GCs). While CD30 expression is typically restricted to a few B cells, expansion of CD30-expressing B cells occurs in certain immune disorders and during viral infections. The role of CD30 in B cells remains largely unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we established a conditional CD30-knockin mouse strain. In these mice, B-cell-specific CD30 expression led to a normal B-cell phenotype in young mice, but most aged mice exhibited significant expansion of B cells, T cells and myeloid cells and increased percentages of GC B cells and IgG1-switched cells. This may be driven by the expansion of CD4+ senescence-associated T cells and T follicular helper cells, which partially express CD30-L (CD153) and may stimulate CD30-expressing B cells. Inducing CD30 expression in antigen-activated B cells accelerates the GC reaction and augments plasma cell differentiation, possibly through the posttranscriptional upregulation of CXCR4. Furthermore, CD30 expression in GC B cells promoted the expansion of IgG1-switched cells, which displayed either a GC or memory-like B-cell phenotype, with abnormally high IgG1 levels compared with those in controls. These findings shed light on the role of CD30 signaling in GC B cells and suggest that elevated CD30+ B-cell numbers lead to pathological lymphocyte activation and proliferation.