bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting slow visual recovery following microkeratome‐assisted myopic LASIK
Authors: Safir Margarita , Sorkin Nir , Kaiserman Igor , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Spierer Oriel , Mimouni Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo identify factors predicting slow visual recovery following myopic microkeratome assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThis study included consecutive patients who underwent microkeratome‐assisted myopic LASIK between January 2005 and December 2019 at Care Vision Laser Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. Patients were divided into three groups according to whether they experienced normal recovery of visual acuity (1 week visit), slow visual recovery (1 month visit) or very slow recovery (>1 month). Normal visual recovery was defined as achieving an efficacy index of 0.9 or greater. Efficacy index was calculated as postoperative uncorrected visual acuity/preoperative best corrected visual acuity. A comparison of baseline and intraoperative parameters was performed.ResultsOverall, 10 439 eyes were included. Mean age was 30.8 ± 8.7 years and 47.1% were females. The slower visual recovery groups (slow 11.4%, n = 1191; very slow 8.4%, n = 875) were of older age (p < 0.001), steeper preoperative steep keratometry (p = 0.002) and larger refractive astigmatism (p < 0.001). In binary logistic regression older age (p < 0.001), female gender (p = 0.001), larger astigmatism (p < 0.001) and high myopia (p < 0.001) remained significant predictors of slow visual recovery.ConclusionSlow visual recovery was observed in 19.8% of patients following myopic LASIK. Older age, female gender, larger astigmatism and high myopia were associated with slow visual recovery. Patients may be advised accordingly.
Do sustainable savings decisions through deposits and shares by members influence the choice of financial cooperatives?
Authors: Kamau Juliana N. , Mathuva David M. , Ndiritu S. Wagura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study investigates whether the choice of a financial cooperative is influenced by sustainable savings decisions through deposits or shares. The moderating influence of digital financial services (DFS) and an individual's reason for joining a financial cooperative are also investigated. Data are gathered from a cross‐sectional sample of 334 respondents drawn from 86 savings and credit cooperative societies (Saccos) in Kenya. The final sample comprises of 46 deposit‐taking (220 respondents) and 40 non–deposit‐taking (114 respondents) Saccos. Two‐sample tests, correlation and logistic regression analyses are performed to establish the factors influencing Sacco choice. Consistent with the mutual incentives and lifecycle theories, the findings reveal that an individual's choice of a financial cooperative is influenced by individual, as well as socio‐economic and environmental factors. The study finds that the desire to mobilize sustainable deposits is a more important consideration compared to building shares when choosing a Sacco. We further find that DFS are important in choosing a Sacco owing to the increased engagement and transparency associated with them. Other factors influencing Sacco choice include marital status, income levels and household location. The results help inform the focus by Sacco managers, regulators and policy makers in terms of the growth incentives to consider.
Government dishonesty, trust and cooperative behaviour: Evidence from China's Great Leap Forward
Authors: Qiliang Mao , Shanming Gou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the long‐term impact of China's Great Leap Forward (GLF) on current differences in cooperative behaviour across Chinese regions and the underlying trust channel of causality. Combining the current firm‐level survey with grain yield over‐reporting during the GLF era, we find that past government dishonesty regarding over‐reporting in the GLF period has long‐term negative consequences on people's behaviours. The firms in the prefecture with a higher degree of yield over‐reporting are less likely to engage in R&D collaborations today. Further tests reveal the possible trust channel through which past government dishonesty impedes current cooperative behaviour. We extend the analyses to social norms of trust and show that GLF over‐reporting has shifted an individual's internal norms towards a present‐day mistrust culture, which contributes to explain the negative effect of GLF over‐reporting on cooperative behaviour. Our findings suggest that dishonest behaviours by local governments in the past can lead to lasting adverse effects on an individual's behaviour in the form of mistrust and subsequent lower frequencies of cooperative behaviour, providing new insights on the origins of cultural differences and human behaviours by investigating the role of governments in shaping social and economic interactions.
Isovaleramide attenuates ethylene glycol poisoning‐induced acute kidney injury and reduces mortality by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rats
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Xiaoxia , Yang Jianzhong , Huojiahemaiti Xiaokelaiti , Li Xinpeng , Liu Ziyang , Peng Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe explored the potential value of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor isovaleramide (ISO) in the treatment of acute ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning‐induced acute kidney injury. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the control, EG, EG + ISO (10 mg/kg) and EG + ISO (20 mg/kg) groups. It is found that ISO intervention significantly reduced the ADH activity in liver tissue by using visible spectrophotometry, inhibited the in vivo metabolism of EG by using gas chromatography, lowered the levels of toxic metabolites glycolic acid and oxalic acid by using high‐performance liquid chromatography and decreased the expression of kidney injury markers serum creatinine (sCr), KIM‐1, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) by ELISA. Additionally, Western blotting results showed that ISO down‐regulated the expression of apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 in the kidneys and upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic factor Bcl‐2. Pizzolato staining and polarized light microscopy results revealed the reduced deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tubules. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining, we found attenuated kidney tissue pathological injury. Finally, ISO significantly reduced the mortality rate. In conclusion, ISO has the potential to be a valuable drug for the treatment of EG poisoning‐induced acute kidney injury.
Real‐world outcomes for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: screened patients for the BRAVO trial
Authors: Conroy Samantha , Jubber Ibrahim , Noon Aidan P. , Rosario Derek J. , Griffin Jon , Morgan Susan , Hubbard Rachel , Kennish Steve , Mitchell Stephen , Venugopal Suresh , Linton Kate , Rajasundaram Ramanan , Hussain Syed A. , Catto James W.F. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo report real‐world outcomes for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC), including bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) and radical cystectomy (RC), as randomised comparisons of these have not been possible.MethodsWe detail consecutive participants screened for the BRAVO randomised controlled trial comparing RC with BCG (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number [ISRCTN]12509361). Patients were prospectively registered and case‐note review used for outcomes. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included recurrence, progression, metastasis, and bladder cancer‐specific survival.Results and limitationsA total of 193 patients were screened, including 106 (54.9%) who received BCG, 43 (22.3%) primary RC, 37 (19.2%) ‘other’ treatment and seven (3.6%) hyperthermic intravesical mitomycin C. All‐cause death occurred in 55 (28.5%) patients at median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 29.0 (19.5–42.0) months. In multivariable analysis, overall mortality was more common in older patients (hazard ratio [HR] 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–5.13; Cox P = 0.004 for age >70 years), those recruited from district hospitals (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.3–0.95; P = 0.032) and those who did not undergo RC as their first treatment (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.17–3.99; P = 0.014). In all, 17 (8.8%) patients died from bladder cancer (BC) at median (IQR) of 22.5 (19–36.25) months. In multivariable analysis, BC‐specific mortality was more common in older patients (HR 4.87, 95% CI 1.1–21.6; P = 0.037) and those with Tis/T1 disease (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.23–4.16; P = 0.008) but did not vary with initial treatment.ConclusionsPatients with HRNMIBC are at high‐risk of mortality. Those choosing RC as their initial treatment have lower risks of mortality than others, although this may reflect fitness and selection.
Microclimate buffering by epiphytes reduces climate overlap across elevations
Authors: Soifer Lydia G. , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermal variation over space and time shapes global patterns of biodiversity and responses of species to climate change. Vertical microclimate gradients from the understory to the canopy mediate biogeographic patterns of arboreal species across larger spatial scales. Yet, the magnitude to which microhabitats in the canopy, such as large epiphytes, alter the exposure of arboreal species to hot and variable canopy conditions across biogeographic gradients is not well known. We first examine the extent to which maximum temperatures and temperature variation in epiphytic bird's nest ferns (BNFs) and the understory are lower than those in the canopy across an elevation gradient in the Philippines and the environmental factors influencing these differences. We find that differences in maximum temperatures (i.e., offset) and temperature variation (i.e., buffering) between the canopy and BNFs are greater than differences between the canopy and understory. Offset and buffering are largest when canopy temperatures are high and are positively impacted by precipitation. Furthermore, we address the theory that exposure to higher thermal variation in the canopy may increase the range sizes of arboreal species. We find that lower thermal variation over time in BNFs reduces the thermal overlap between low and high elevations relative to canopy temperatures. Arboreal species that shelter in BNFs during the day may therefore have narrow physiological tolerances and consequently smaller elevational ranges. By providing thermal regimes more similar to the understory than the canopy, BNFs may therefore effectively function as “arboreal soil”, mediating impacts of arboreality on patterns of biodiversity and trait variation.
Bridging the gap: Linking prototyping and technology readiness levels for integrative product development
Authors: Rehberg Laura , Brem Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Shorter development cycles, increasing complexity due to the interaction of hardware and software and the simultaneous pressure to innovate and reduce costs lead to products being launched early that have not yet been sufficiently validated and tested. The prototyping phase is crucial to ensure maturity as a preliminary stage to series production. Although this validation is critical to ensure the maturity of the product or technology to avoid recalls, previous research has focused on exploring the phenomenon of prototyping in general. To fill this gap, we use the standardized framework of technology readiness levels and develop prototyping readiness levels that allow for a graded assessment of maturity.Our empirical study is based on the unique case of the Boeing 737 Max 8 and a research project to develop an automated prototyping hub. Our findings show how mismanagement of prototypes and inadequate technology readiness level (TRL) assessment can lead to serious safety issues. Based on these findings, we introduce prototyping readiness levels that complement the idea of TRLs to reduce and eliminate bottlenecks and errors in the early stages of the development process.
Anti‐tissue factor antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E or deruxtecan in pancreatic cancer models
Authors: Tsumura Ryo , Anzai Takahiro , Koga Yoshikatsu , Takashima Hiroki , Matsumura Yasuhiro , Yasunaga Masahiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have been recognized as a promising class of cancer therapeutics. Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of the blood coagulation pathway, has been investigated regarding its relationship with cancer, and several preclinical and clinical studies have presented data on anti‐TF ADCs, including tisotumab vedotin, which was approved in 2021. However, the feasibility of other payloads in the design of anti‐TF ADCs is still unclear because no reports have compared payloads with different cytotoxic mechanisms. For ADCs targeting other antigens, such as Her2, optimizing the payload is also an important issue in order to improve in vivo efficacy. In this study, we prepared humanized anti‐TF Ab (clone.1084) conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or deruxtecan (DXd), and evaluated the efficacy in several cell line‐ and patient‐derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. As a result, optimizing the drug / Ab ratio was necessary for each payload in order to prevent pharmacokinetic deterioration and maximize delivery efficiency. In addition, MMAE‐conjugated anti‐TF ADC showed higher antitumor effects in tumors with strong and homogeneous TF expression, while DXd‐conjugated anti‐TF ADC was more effective in tumors with weak and heterogeneous TF expression. Analysis of a pancreatic cancer tissue array showed weak and heterogeneous TF expression in most TF‐positive specimens, indicating that the response rate to pancreatic cancer might be higher for DXd‐ than MMAE‐conjugated anti‐TF ADC. Nevertheless, our findings indicated that optimizing the ADC payloads individually in each patient could maximize the potential of ADC therapeutics.
The nature and development of cognitive offloading in children
Authors: Armitage Kristy L. , Gilbert Sam J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHumans routinely use external thinking tools, like pencil and paper, maps, and calculators, to solve cognitive problems that would have once been solved internally. As many youth face unprecedented exposure to increasingly capable technological aids, there is a growing pressure to understand children's cognitive offloading capacities and propensities, and what they stand to gain or lose as frequent offloaders in the modern world. In this article, we review emerging research on the development of cognitive offloading. Children as young as 4 years can engage in effective offloading strategies that follow principles similar to those used by adults—for example, greater recruitment of external support when tasks are more difficult. However, young children's strategies also show evidence of bias (sometimes inadequate and sometimes excessive offloading), lack of selectivity, and lack of self‐initiation. We also draw attention to important avenues for future research, working toward protecting and nurturing children's cognitive well‐being in the digital age.
A Particle‐Based Approach to Extract Dynamic 3D FTLE Ridge Geometry
Authors: Stelter Daniel , Wilde Thomas , Rössl Christian , Theisel Holger 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLagrangian coherent structures (LCS) is an important concept for the visualization of unsteady flows. They describe the boundaries of regions for which material transport stays mostly coherent over time which can help for a better understanding of dynamical systems. One of the most common techniques for their computation is the extraction of ridges from the finite‐time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) field. FTLE ridges are challenging to extract, both in terms of accuracy and performance, because they expose strong gradients of the underlying field, tend to come close to each other and are dynamic with respect to different time parameters. We present a new method for extracting FTLE ridges for series of integration times which is able to show how coherent regions and their borders evolve over time. Our techniques mainly build on a particle system which is used for sampling the ridges uniformly. This system is highly optimized for the challenges of FTLE ridge extraction. Further, it is able to take advantage of the continuous evolvement of the ridges which makes their sampling for multiple integration times much faster. We test our method on multiple 3D datasets and compare it to the standard Marching Ridges technique. For the extraction examples our method is 13 to over 300 times faster, suggesting a significant advantage.
Decision regret following surgical management of pilonidal disease
Authors: Banks J. , Lee E. , Lee M. J. , Brown S. R. ,   PITSTOP Management Group
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimSurgical decision making in the context of pilonidal disease (PD) can be challenging. Current evidence for the management of PD is inadequate and optimum treatment is not clear. This paper reports on patient experience of shared decision making (SDM) and decision regret following surgical management of PD.MethodThe Pilonidal Trial. Studying the Treatment Options (PITSTOP) study (ISRCTN95551898) is a prospective cohort study of patients with PD treated between May 2019 and March 2022. This subanalysis reports the results of quantitative data capture between baseline and 6 months post‐procedure. Baseline data consisted of patient and disease characteristics, surgical procedure and impression of SDM. Post‐procedure data consisted of operative outcomes and decision regret. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between clinical outcomes and decision regret.ResultsOverall, 677 patients were included, and follow‐up data to 6 months were available for 476 (71%). Most (59.5%) patients underwent major excisional surgery; 45.1% of patients experienced a postoperative complication. Participant impression of SDM was positive, with a median CollaboRATE mean‐score response of 3 (interquartile range: 3–4). Of the patients who underwent a ‘leave open’ approach, 20.6% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their treatment. Postoperative complications (β = 3.21, 95% CI: −12.75 to 7.25, p < 0.001) and disease recurrence (β = 11.5, 95% CI: −10.6 to 9.4, p < 0.001) were both associated with higher rates of decision regret.ConclusionThe clinical outcomes, postoperative complications and recurrence, were associated with higher levels of decision regret. Surgeons treating patients with PD should practice SDM and ensure that patient priorities inform treatment approach.
Subclinical Pancreas Rejection on Protocol Biopsy Within the First Year of Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplant
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Heilman Raymond L. , Butterfield Richard , Reddy Kunam S. , Khamash Hassan A. , Abu Jawdeh Bassam G. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Katariya Nitin , Smith Maxwell , Jaramillo Andres , Alajous Salah , Mathur Amit , Hacke Katrin , Chakkera Harini A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis single‐center retrospective study investigated subclinical rejection prevalence and significance in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant (SPKT) recipients. We analyzed 352 SPKT recipients from July 2003 to April 2022. Our protocol included pancreas allograft surveillance biopsies at 1, 4, and 12months post‐transplant. After excluding 153 patients unable to undergo pancreas biopsy, our study cohort comprised 199 recipients. Among the 199 patients with protocol pancreas biopsies, 107 had multiple protocol pancreas biopsies in the first year, totaling 323. Subclinical rejection was identified in 132 episodes (41%). Of these, 72% were Grade 1, 20% were indeterminate, and 8% were Banff Grade 2 or higher. All episodes of subclinical rejection were treated. Rates of pancreas graft loss (10% vs. 7%) and clinical rejection (21% vs. 20%) at 3 years were similar between those with and without subclinical rejection. Subclinical rejection Banff Grade 2 or more was associated with poor pancreas graft survival HR of 5.5 (95% CI: 1.24–24.37, p = 0.025). Of 236 simultaneous protocol kidney and pancreas biopsies, 102 (43%) showed pancreas subclinical rejection, while only 17% had concurrent kidney subclinical rejection. Our findings suggest limited predictive value of pancreatic enzymes and euglycemia in detecting pancreas rejection. Furthermore, poor concordance existed between pancreas and kidney subclinical rejection.
Noninvasive skin swab analysis detects environmental drug exposure of pharmacy staff
Authors: Thompson Samantha , Abelyan Samvel , Panitchpakdi Morgan , Zemlin Jasmine , Thomas Sydney , Zhao Haoqi Nina , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Tsunoda Shirley M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe skin is complex with multiple layers serving protective, regulatory, and detective functions. The skin hosts chemicals originating from consumption, synthesis, and the environment. Skin chemicals can provide insight into one's daily routine or their level of safety in a work environment. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of noninvasive skin swabs to detect drugs in a pharmacy setting and to determine whether drugs are transferred to the skin of pharmacy staff. To answer this question, skin swabs were collected from healthy pharmacy staff workers and healthy non‐pharmacy individuals and analyzed via untargeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Drugs were annotated through library matching against the GNPS community spectral library. We then used questionnaire data to exclude medications that participants took orally or applied topically and focused on the drugs participants were exposed to in the work setting. Overall, pharmacy staff had a higher number and variety of medications on their skin as compared with healthy individuals who did not work in a pharmacy. In addition, we identified some chemicals such as N,N‐Diethyl‐metatoluamide on a large number of subjects in both experimental and control groups, indicating environmental exposure to this compound may be ubiquitous and long‐lasting.
The Contribution of Teacher Self‐Efficacy, Resilience and Emotion Regulation to Teachers' Well‐Being: Technology‐Enhanced Teaching Context
Authors: Lu Lihua , Wang Cuiying , Wang Yunsong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly altered teaching methodologies by integrating technology into syllabi, emphasising the crucial role of teacher well‐being influenced by positive psychology. Also, as the foremost issues of education, teachers’ individual factors should be considered as their beliefs in their capabilities to persist in the case of difficulties and their emotion regulation (ER) have been underlined in the literature. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between teacher self‐efficacy (TSE), resilience and ER and teacher well‐being among 424 Chinese teachers. The findings through running the structural equation model revealed that those teachers with a heightened degree of TSE, resilience and ER are more likely to have better well‐being. Multiple regression analysis indicated that TSE explained 61% of the variance in teachers’ well‐being. Meanwhile, the same analysis found that resilience and ER explained 54% and 51% of the variance in teachers’ well‐being, respectively. Succinctly, some educational implications are provided for educational members to attract their attention to the role of these constructs in technology‐enhanced teaching.