bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: McKay Jerome T. , Haro Marcela A. , Daly Christina A. , Yammani Rama D. , Pang Bing , Swords W. Edward , Haas Karen M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
B-1 cells produce natural Abs which provide an integral first line of defense against pathogens while also performing important homeostatic housekeeping functions. In this study, we demonstrate that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) regulates the production of natural Abs against phosphorylcholine (PC). Naive PD-L2–deficient (PD-L2−/−) mice produced significantly more PC-reactive IgM and IgA. This afforded PD-L2−/− mice with selectively enhanced protection against PC-expressing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, but not PC-negative nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, relative to wild-type mice. PD-L2−/− mice had significantly increased PC-specific CD138+ splenic plasmablasts bearing a B-1a phenotype, and produced PC-reactive Abs largely of the T15 Id. Importantly, PC-reactive B-1 cells expressed PD-L2 and irradiated chimeras demonstrated that B cell–intrinsic PD-L2 expression regulated PC-specific Ab production. In addition to increased PC-specific IgM, naive PD-L2−/− mice and irradiated chimeras reconstituted with PD-L2−/− B cells had significantly higher levels of IL-5, a potent stimulator of B-1 cell Ab production. PD-L2 mAb blockade of wild-type B-1 cells in culture significantly increased CD138 and Blimp1 expression and PC-specific IgM, but did not affect proliferation. PD-L2 mAb blockade significantly increased IL-5+ T cells in culture. Both IL-5 neutralization and STAT5 inhibition blunted the effects of PD-L2 mAb blockade on B-1 cells. Thus, B-1 cell–intrinsic PD-L2 expression inhibits IL-5 production by T cells and thereby limits natural Ab production by B-1 cells. These findings have broad implications for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at altering natural Ab levels critical for protection against infectious disease, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
Reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Tests for Concussion Assessment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Farnsworth James L. , Dargo Lucas , Ragan Brian G. , Kang Minsoo 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
Although widely used, computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) have been criticized because of low reliability and poor sensitivity. A systematic review was published summarizing the reliability of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scores; however, this was limited to a single CNT. Expansion of the previous review to include additional CNTs and a meta-analysis is needed. Therefore, our purpose was to analyze reliability data for CNTs using meta-analysis and examine moderating factors that may influence reliability.

Data Sources:
A systematic literature search (key terms: reliability, computerized neurocognitive test, concussion) of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SPORTDiscus) was conducted to identify relevant studies.

Study Selection:
Studies were included if they met all of the following criteria: used a test-retest design, involved at least 1 CNT, provided sufficient statistical data to allow for effect-size calculation, and were published in English.

Data Extraction:
Two independent reviewers investigated each article to assess inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies involving 2674 participants were retained. Intraclass correlation coefficients were extracted to calculate effect sizes and determine overall reliability. The Fisher Z transformation adjusted for sampling error associated with averaging correlations. Moderator analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the length of the test-retest interval, intraclass correlation coefficient model selection, participant demographics, and study design on reliability. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q statistic.

Data Synthesis:
The proportion of acceptable outcomes was greatest for the Axon Sports CogState Test (75%) and lowest for the ImPACT (25%). Moderator analyses indicated that the type of intraclass correlation coefficient model used significantly influenced effect-size estimates, accounting for 17% of the variation in reliability.

Conclusions:
The Axon Sports CogState Test, which has a higher proportion of acceptable outcomes and shorter test duration relative to other CNTs, may be a reliable option; however, future studies are needed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these instruments.
Evaluation of the Current Techniques and Introduction of a Novel Approach for Estimating Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E , Porwal Amit , Al-Faraj Nida A , Bajonaid Amal M , Sumayli Hassan A 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several techniques and methods have been proposed to estimate the anterior teeth dimensions in edentulous patients. However, this procedure remains challenging especially when preextraction records are not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate some of the existing extraoral and intraoral methods for estimation of anterior tooth dimensions and to propose a novel method for estimation of central incisor width (CIW) and length (CIL) for Saudi population.

Materials and methods
Extraoral and intraoral measurements were recorded for a total of 236 subjects. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson's correlation tests were performed. Association was evaluated between combined anterior teeth width (CATW) and interalar width (IAW), intercommisural width (ICoW) and interhamular notch distance (IHND) plus 10 mm. Evaluation of the linear relationship between central incisor length (CIL) with facial height (FH) and CIW with bizygomatic width (BZW) was also performed.

Results
Significant correlation was found between the CATW and ICoW and IAW (p-values <0.0001); however, no correlation was found relative to IHND plus 10 mm (p-value = 0.456). Further, no correlation was found between the FH and right CIL and BZW and right CIW (p-values = 0.255 and 0.822). The means of CIL, CIW, incisive papillae-fovea palatinae (IP-FP), and IHND were used to estimate the central incisor dimensions: CIL = FP-IP distance/4.45, CIW = IHND/4.49.

Conclusion
It was concluded that the ICoW and IAW measurements are the only predictable methods to estimate the initial reference value for CATW. A proposed intraoral approach was hypothesized for estimation of CIW and CIL for the given population.

Clinical significance
Based on the results of the study, ICoW and IAW measurements can be useful in estimating the initial reference value for CATW, while the proposed novel approach using specific palatal dimensions can be used for estimating the width and length of central incisors. These methods are crucial to obtain esthetic treatment results within the parameters of the given population.

How to cite this article
Sayed ME, Porwal A, Al-Faraj NA, Bajonaid AM, Sumayli HA. Evaluation of the Current Techniques and Introduction of a Novel Approach for Estimating Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):541-548.
An Innovative Approach to Retention: Thermoplastic Retainer
Authors: David Sumitha A , Ozeer KA Adam , Mohamed Umar , Sunil PC , Paul Parson 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to design and introduce a retainer that overcomes the common shortcomings seen in other retainers.

Materials and methods
Hard thermoplastic sheet of 0.5 mm thickness is vacuum or pressure-molded onto the patient cast. Lingual portion of the retainer is trimmed according to the contours of the anterior teeth. Contact points between the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth are marked on the retainer and reduced. Punch cut holes are placed on the retainer for the exit of flash and air bubbles while fixation. The retainer is bonded onto the lingual surface of the anterior teeth using composite.

Results
A 1-month review of the retainer showed no patient discomfort, occlusal interference, or bond failure. The aim of the article was found to have been achieved.

Conclusion
Initial evaluation has shown positive findings. Long-term clinical findings will determine the overall success of this new retainer.

Clinical significance
As compared with other retainers, thermoplastic retainer has shown reduced tendency to debond from occlusal forces, decreased patient discomfort, and occlusal interference.

How to cite this article
Ozeer KAA, David SA, Mohamed U, Sunil PC, Paul S, Paul P. An Innovative Approach to Retention: Thermoplastic Retainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18(7):572-575.
Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal
Authors: Majety Kishore Kumar , Choudhury Basanta Kumar , Bansal Anika , Sethi Achla , Panjabi Jaina 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A thorough knowledge of the anatomic morphology of the root canal system is necessary for the long-term success of the root canal therapy. The occurrence of C-shaped root canal configuration is one such variation. Achievement of favorable prognosis after commencing root canal therapy in such teeth is one of the challenges imposed on the endodontist. Hence, we evaluated the healing occurring after endodontic therapy in patients with C-shaped root canals in mandibular molars.

Materials and methods
The present study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the institution and included assessment of all the patients who underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular first and second molars. Endodontic therapy was performed in all the cases by experienced endodontist. Final postoperative radiographs were taken. Recording of the data of the personal and clinical details of a total of 250 patients was done. All the clinical and radiographic details of the patients, such as tooth location in the jaw, presence or absence of C-shaped canals, status of the pulp tissue, presence or absence of the fractures, and other details of the patients were recorded. Radiographic and clinical examination of the tooth of the patients was done during the baseline visit and further during the follow-up visits. The presence of C-shaped root canals was confirmed using the radiographs. Periapical index (PI) scoring system was used. Categories defined for enlisting the healing after the root canal treatment with the assessment of the PI score. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results
Vital pulp tissue was encountered in majority of the cases. C-shaped root canal configuration was observed in 40% of the cases included in the present study. After completion of the endodontic therapy, complete crown placement was done in only 22% of the cases. In cases of vital teeth with C-shaped root canals configuration, most of the teeth showed complete healing. Significant results were obtained while comparing the complete coverage crown parameter in relation to the healing process in teeth with C-shaped root canals.

Conclusion
In the present study, no significant effect of the C-shaped root canal configuration was found on the healing rate of the endodontic therapy in mandibular molars.

Clinical significance
Meticulous endodontic therapy with special techniques should be done while preparing teeth with C-shaped root canals.

How to cite this article
Bansal A, Parihar AS, Sethi A, Majety KK, Panjabi J, Choudhary BK. Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):591-595.
Association between Cheiloscopic Patterns and ABO Blood Groups among South Indian Population
Authors: Potdar Shrudha , Sudeep CB , Khanapure Sneha , Suhas HG , Arjun MR 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Human beings have few characteristics that are unique from others. Lip prints are one of such feature. They are not changed throughout the life and are not influenced by injuries, diseases, or environmental changes. According to the various antigen–antibody reactions in the bloodstream, different individuals have specific blood groups.

Aim
To study the distribution of lip print patterns among individuals with different ABO and Rh blood groups and also to know the relation between their characters and blood groups.

Materials and methods
In the present study, lip prints were collected randomly from 85 individuals, and their blood group matching was performed. This is to identify the most common lip print type and to know any association between lip print types and blood groups. Tsuchihashi's classification of lip prints was used to compare with the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems.

Results
It was observed that in individuals with B+, A+, and O− blood groups, predominant pattern was Type IV and individuals having blood group O+ and AB+ common lip print pattern was Type II.

Conclusion
This study showed strong association between lip print patterns and ABO blood groups as some blood groups were not included in statistical analysis; further studies including larger sample are essential to substantiate the results.

Clinical significance
Correlating lip print with blood group helps in identification of the suspects. Along with lip prints, another biological record that remains unchanged throughout the lifetime of a person is the blood group. Determining the blood group of a person from the samples obtained at the site of crime and also recovering lip prints from site can help identify a person.

How to cite this article
Khanapure S, Suhas HG, Potdar S, Sam G, Sudeep CB, Arjun MR. Association between Cheiloscopic Patterns and ABO Blood Groups among South Indian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):596-600.
A Cross-sectional Community-based Study on Healthcare seeking Behavior of Elderly Women for Urogenital Symptoms
Authors: Padhi MM 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sociological literature indicates gender differentiation in both health status and use of health services. It has been observed that women did not complain of any medical problem until it started interfering with their daily activities. Therefore, a cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted in lower socioeconomic group areas of Delhi to document the health care-seeking behavior of elderly women for urogenital symptoms and also to explore the reasons that influence them.

Aim and objective
The study aimed at documenting the health care-seeking behavior of elderly women belonging to lower socioeconomic group for urogenital symptoms and also to improve their health care-seeking behavior by using information education and communication (IEC) and behavior change communication (BCC) strategy.

Materials and methods
Stratified random sampling technique was applied for selection of 5 zones out of the 12 Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) zones. The zones were selected according to their size by using probability proportional to size sampling. The list of colonies was taken from the website of MCD. Then an equal number of 20 colonies from this list was selected by simple random sampling from each of the five zones. From these 100 colonies, a total of 824 women aged 50 years and above were identified through snowball sampling and were interviewed with the help of an interviewer administered questionnaire.

Results
Analysis of responses of representative sample of 824 women aged 50 and above in statistically selected low socioeconomic areas of National Capital Territory of Delhi revealed that 479 (58.1%) of the women were found to be suffering from urogenital problems. From these 479 women who suffered from urogenital problems, nearly 271 (56.6%) did not report the problem to their family members and 262 (54.8%) did not report it to doctors.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this survey, it was concluded that many elderly women do not report about their urogenital symptoms neither to their family members nor to doctors for various reasons. Therefore, the women should be made aware about the existence of effective screening and health care facilities for their problems. They should be educated about the ways to prevent these problems. The IEC and BCC strategies should be used in the lower socioeconomic group areas to improve the health care-seeking behavior of elderly women for urogenital symptoms. Steps should be taken to improve the accessibility and affordability of the services.

How to cite this article
Bhat S, Yadav B, Singhal R, Srikanth N, Padhi MM, Singh R, Dhiman KS. A Cross-sectional Community-based Study on Healthcare seeking Behavior of Elderly Women for Urogenital Symptoms. J Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;1(1):34-39.
Herbal Recipes used by traditional healers towards Reproductive and Urinary healthcare in Wayanad (Kerala) India.
Authors: Dilipkumar EK , Janardhana GR , Abhijith M. 
Published: August 2017

<p>The traditional healers in Wayanad (Kerala), India possess rich aboriginal herbal medicinal knowledge (AHMK). This investigation has brought in to light many valuable therapeutic measures which were at the verge of extinction. Validation and documentation of some of such valuable in formation was hence done in order to conserve at least a part of this aboriginal ethno medicinal heritage. The study consists of three consecutive phases. In the first phase a methodology for the study including work plan was elucidated. A field level testing of the method was executed at a selected study site. In the second phase an extensive data collection cum field appraisal long three calendar years commences from July 2010 to July 2013 was conducted. In the final and third phase, validation and recording of the valid responses was done. A total of 60 species distributed in 56 genera belong to 38 families were identified being used in 67 recipes meant for 15 reproductive and urinary healthcare measures in Wayanad (Kerala), India. 31 herbs, 28 trees, 22 climbers and 16 shrubs were among the medicinal constituents. The therapeutic ingredients includes Fresh whole plants (12), dried whole plant (08), fresh root (2), dry root (29), fresh tuber (01), dried tuber (17), fresh bark (01), dried bark (02), fresh leaves (04) dried leaf (01), dried stem (01), dried petiole (01), pith powder (01), dried gum (2), fresh inflorescence (01), dried inflorescence (01), fresh flower (03), dried stamen (01), dried fruits (07), dried seeds (11), and seed oil (01). Validity stands maximum when FPVS was four and minimum when FPVS was two. Among the 67 medicinal recipes 59 has highest FPVS and the remaining 08 has mediocre FPVS. Many of the aboriginal herbal medicinal cultures (AHMC) and the associated therapeutic knowledge and practices still alive in the district are at the verge of extinction. The present study hence pivots around the conservation issues of this aboriginal medicinal heritage, particularly in the cure and management of urinary and reproductive ailments. This improves and sustains the aboriginal therapeutic system to contribute better to the national health repository.</p><p> </p>
Composition and Biological Activities of different Date Seed varieties (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em>) of Oman: Cultivation Zone Influence
Authors: Rehman Najeeb Ur , Hussain Hidayat , Al-Broumi Mohammed Abdullah , Khiat Mohammed , Csuk René , Al-Rawahi Ahmed , Khan Abdul Latif , Mabood Fazal , Green Ivan R , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

<p>Date (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) seeds (pits) account for ca. 10% of the date fruit and it is the date pits that present a major problem to the date palm industry in the USA as a waste product. Currently date pits are employed as a food source for animals and poultry, as a soil fertilizer and also as a road base gravel In order to understand the varietal effects of Omani date seeds on the nutritional properties of dates and to explore the use of this waste product from the food industry, twenty two native date seeds (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) including the varieties; Qushbu Narenjahn, Fardh, Naghal, Manhi, Qush Balquan, Helali Oman, Khasab, Seedi, Qush Jabrin, Khalas, Qush Basrah, Qushbu Maan, Handal, Khunaizi, Qush Mamoor, Barshi, Barni, Azad, Zabad, Qush Tabak, Qush LuLu, and Halali Alhasa were collected from six regions of the Sultanate of Oman and were examined for their nutritional value, antioxidant and urease properties. Energy values, dry matter, and carbohydrate level were the predominant components examined in the date seeds , followed by fiber, moisture, along with small amounts of ash, protein, and fat. The results of the 22 varieties of date seeds showed a significant energy value of between 283.0 to 407.9 kcal/100g, dry matter of between 93.3%-96.3%, carbohydrate content of between 43.8%-80.6%, moisture in the range of 4.3%-6.6%), fat in the range of 5.0%-10.9%, ash content of between 0.73%-1.08%, protein content of 0.2%-6.9% and fiber content of between 5.0%-32.5%. Furthermore the antioxidant potential ranged between 7.4 - 88.3% depending upon the type of date seeds and location of samples. In this regard the Handal date seeds collected from Al-Hamra showed the highest antioxidant potential with 88.3% inhibition. Similarly urease inhibition ranged from 0.94-70.3% and Qush Tabak date seeds collected from Al-Hamra demonstrated the highest urease potential with 70.3% inhibition. It is noteworthy that Qush Basrah, Seedi, Qush Balquan, and Handal date seeds have significantly higher nutritional attributes compared to the rest in the study group. Moreover Fardh, Khasab, Khalas, and Handal date seeds collected from more than one region of Oman showed variation in some nutritional values. The nutritional analysis further demonstrated the correlation of proximate parameters in different regions of Oman. Results of the current investigation indicate a promising and significant potential for date seeds to be used as a supplementary source of a healthy diet as well as in specific pharmaceutical applications.</p>
Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Shilajit (Asphaltum)
Authors: Aziz Shahid , Khaliq Sidra , Ur-Rehman Habib , Ghani Kh. Shakeel , Irshad Muhammad , Green Ivan R , Hussain Hidayat 
Published: August 2017

<p>Shilajit (asphaltum) is produced by the long term humification of dead plant material and organic vegetable matter by different micro-organisms and has great potential for the treatment of a variety of human conditions. This treatise reviews its origin, sources, chemical composition, biological and commercial importance. Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to evaluate different Shilajit (asphaltum) classes of compounds in different samples of shilajit which are responsible for their biological activity. Shilajit`s anti-microbial activity has been evaluated against four different bacterial strains viz., <em>Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa</em>, <em>Klebisella pneumonia</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>Phytochemical analysis illustrated that shilajit contains terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. Surprisingly, some classes of compounds are absent in shilajit viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. . Shilajit showed no response towards halophytic bacteria and negligible activity was shown towards other strains of bacteria. Since anti-microbial activity is based on environmental factors its activity varied between locations.</p>