bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling behavioral thermoregulation in a climate change sentinel
Authors: Moyer‐Horner Lucas , Mathewson Paul D. , Jones Gavin M. , Kearney Michael R. , Porter Warren P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhen possible, many species will shift in elevation or latitude in response to rising temperatures. However, before such shifts occur, individuals will first tolerate environmental change and then modify their behavior to maintain heat balance. Behavioral thermoregulation allows animals a range of climatic tolerances and makes predicting geographic responses under future warming scenarios challenging. Because behavioral modification may reduce an individual's fecundity by, for example, limiting foraging time and thus caloric intake, we must consider the range of behavioral options available for thermoregulation to accurately predict climate change impacts on individual species. To date, few studies have identified mechanistic links between an organism's daily activities and the need to thermoregulate. We used a biophysical model, Niche Mapper, to mechanistically model microclimate conditions and thermoregulatory behavior for a temperature‐sensitive mammal, the American pika (Ochotona princeps). Niche Mapper accurately simulated microclimate conditions, as well as empirical metabolic chamber data for a range of fur properties, animal sizes, and environmental parameters. Niche Mapper predicted pikas would be behaviorally constrained because of the need to thermoregulate during the hottest times of the day. We also showed that pikas at low elevations could receive energetic benefits by being smaller in size and maintaining summer pelage during longer stretches of the active season under a future warming scenario. We observed pika behavior for 288 h in Glacier National Park, Montana, and thermally characterized their rocky, montane environment. We found that pikas were most active when temperatures were cooler, and at sites characterized by high elevations and north‐facing slopes. Pikas became significantly less active across a suite of behaviors in the field when temperatures surpassed 20°C, which supported a metabolic threshold predicted by Niche Mapper. In general, mechanistic predictions and empirical observations were congruent. This research is unique in providing both an empirical and mechanistic description of the effects of temperature on a mammalian sentinel of climate change, the American pika. Our results suggest that previously underinvestigated characteristics, specifically fur properties and body size, may play critical roles in pika populations' response to climate change. We also demonstrate the potential importance of considering behavioral thermoregulation and microclimate variability when predicting animal responses to climate change.
Synthesis of Deuterium‐Labelled 3‐Hydroxy‐L‐arginine: Comparative Studies on Different Protecting‐Group Strategies
Authors: Lemke Anke , Ducho Christian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid 3‐hydroxy‐L‐arginine is an important intermediate in biosynthetic pathways involving 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG) dependent FeII oxygenases. It also plays an essential role in post‐translational modifications of ribosomal proteins. For profound studies on arginine‐hydroxylating enzymes, synthetic reference compounds are of utmost importance. However, the synthesis of β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids is often not trivial. In particular, the preparation of a densely functionalized compound such as 3‐hydroxy‐L‐arginine poses a challenge in terms of a protecting‐group strategy. We have previously established a concise synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐L‐arginine that is suitable for the preparation of both 3‐epimers of this β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid. However, we have since observed a remarkable isomerization reaction upon removal of the hydrogenolytically cleavable protecting groups, thus limiting the reliability of our previously described route. In this paper, we report a comparative study of protecting‐group strategies for this synthetic route, including a newly developed, more robust pathway to the target amino acid. The versatility of this improved route is demonstrated by the synthesis of the deuterium‐labelled derivatives (3R)‐ and (3S)‐3‐hydroxy‐[5‐2H]‐L‐arginine. These new isotope‐labelled arginine derivatives represent important tools for the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, such as the formation of the arginine‐derived amino acid epicapreomycidine in the biosynthesis of muraymycin nucleoside antibiotics.
Regioselective Coupling Reactions of Coumarins with Aldehydes or Di‐tert‐butyl Peroxide (DTBP) through a C(sp2)–H Functionalization Process
Authors: Zhao Wannian , Xu Lei , Ding Yingcai , Niu Ben , Xie Ping , Bian Zhaogang , Zhang Denghong , Zhou Aihua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCoumarin derivatives are highly valuable compounds in drug discovery. Herein, we have developed two new coupling reactions that involve coumarins and either aldehydes or di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) in the presence of inexpensive copper or iron catalysts. Both of these reactions proceed through a C(sp2)–H functionalization process to regioselectivity generate keto‐ or methyl‐substituted coumarin derivatives in moderate to good yields These coupling reactions will enrich current coumarin chemistry.
A Chiral Building Block for the ­Stereocontrolled Installation of the 1,3‐Diol Motif
Authors: Bredenkamp Angela , Zhu Zhi‐Bin , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new chiral building block for the direct installation of the 1,3‐diol motif is presented. Aldehyde olefination followed by directed reduction allows for the synthesis of both the syn‐ and the anti‐configured diol in a fully stereocontrolled way. The building block was used for the total synthesis of naturally occurring 1,2,4‐trihydroxynonadecanes starting from pentadecanal.
Tandem C–C Bond Cleavage of ­Cyclopropanols and Oxidative Aromatization by Manganese(IV) Oxide in a Direct C–H to C–C Functionalization of Heteroaromatics
Authors: Bume Desta Doro , Pitts Cody Ross , Lectka Thomas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report a direct C–H to C–C bond functionalization of electron‐deficient heteroaromatics enabled by mild C–C bond cleavage of cyclopropanols as a new route to β‐aryl carbonyl‐containing products. Additionally, as an alternative to using a “catalyst” that requires an excess amount of a sacrificial oxidant for regeneration and/or oxidative aromatization, this paper features manganese(IV) oxide as an inexpensive “dual role” reagent – effecting both C–C bond cleavage and ultimate rearomatization. Under the specified conditions, a variety of heterocycles proved competent for regioselective C–C bond formation, alongside a diverse array of cyclopropanols with broad functional‐group tolerance. We highlight applications to complex‐molecule synthesis and direct derivatization of biologically active alkaloids. Furthermore, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments, radical scavengers, and some insight into the application of tri‐ and tetravalent manganese species are invoked to shape an initial mechanistic hypothesis.
A Paper‐based Mitochondrial Electrochemical Biosensor for Pesticide Detection
Authors: Wang Tao , Reid Russell C. , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this article, we detail a paper‐based three‐electrode electrochemical biosensor using a mitochondria modified Toray carbon paper working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry performed on the paper‐based biosensor and similar electrodes in a common laboratory setup (not in an integrated paper‐based device) compare favorably. In addition, instant detection of malathion with a detection limit of 20 nM by cyclic voltammetry is demonstrated, showing the device can potentially be used as a portable platform for pesticides detection.
Construction of 5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐Fe(II) Nanostructures on Glassy Carbon Electrode: Simultaneous and Selective Determination of Purine and Pyrimidine DNA Bases
Authors: Shervedani Reza Karimi , Dehaghi Sedigheh Bagheri , Foroushani Marzieh Samiei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐Fe(II) complex is immobilized onto GC electrode and used for determination of DNA bases. Modifications are traced by electrochemical methods. All DNA bases are electroactive on the modified electrode. The Ips increased linearly with increase of DNA bases concentration. A wide response range was observed for each base (∼4 orders for guanine (GA) and adenine (A); and ∼2.5 orders for thymine (T) and cytosine (C)) with DLs of 0.15, 4.44, 133.0 and 230.0 nM, respectively. The electrode was applied for determination of calf‐thymus DNA bases. The value obtained for [(GA+C)/(A+T)], 0.78, is in good agreement with standard value, 0.77.
New Potentiometric Sensor for the Determination of Bromate Ion in Drinking Water
Authors: Saber Amr L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe characteristics, performance and application of ion‐selective electrodes for bromate ion based on rhodamine B and tetrahexyl ammonium bromide as electrode‐active substances are described for the first time. These electrodes respond with sensitivities of (58.0±1.0) and (61.0±2.0) mV decade−1over the range 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−2 mol l−1at pH 4–9 and 4–8 and a detection limit of 6.0×10−8and 4.0×10−8 mol l−1for rhodamine B and tetrahexyl ammonium bromide sensors, respectively. The electrodes are easily constructed at a relatively low cost, have a fast response time and can be used for a period of 3 months without any considerable divergence in potential. The proposed sensors displayed good selectivity for bromate ion in the presence of several substances and inorganic anions. Sensors were used for the direct assay of bromate ion in drinking water samples.
Enzyme Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Ethanolamine
Authors: Sikarwar Bhavna , Sharma Pushpendra K. , Tripathi Brajesh K. , Boopathi Mannan , Singh Beer , Jaiswal Yogesh K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEnzyme based electrochemical detection method developed for chemical toxicant ethanolamine (EA). Monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) enzyme was used for the oxidation of EA. A direct electron transfer from the electrode to EA without any mediator with the help of MAO‐A enzyme was attained and this confirms the application of this methodology for the development of third generation biosensor for EA sensing well below the IDLH (30 ppm) value of EA. Moreover, heterogeneous rate constant (0.021s−1) and the number of electron involved (5.2) were deduced for EA in PBS buffer. The calibration plot showed linearity 2.02×10−4 M to 10.10×10−4 M of EA in PBS buffer with detection limit 4.1 ppm. The modified electrodes are characterized by Raman and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The outcome of this work indicates about the utility of this methodology for the sensing of EA in the environment if it is present as well as to degrade EA into other compounds without using any indicator or mediator.
Effectiveness of impregnation of ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant in poplar wood using microwave heating
Authors: He Xia , Li Xian Jun , Zhong Zhu , Mou Qunying , Yan Yonglin , Chen Hongbin , Liu Linghong 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPoplar samples were impregnated with ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant at various pressures and durations after they were pretreated with microwave heating. The effects of the pressure and duration on the flame‐retardation and smoke‐suppression properties were investigated with cone calorimeter analysis. The peak heat release rate (pk‐HRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke product (TSP) of treated woods were measured for samples of pretreated and untreated with microwave. After the impregnation, the poplar wood showed the significant improvement in its fire resistance. Compared with non‐impregnation wood, the pk‐HRR, THR, and TSP of wood impregnated with ammonium polyphosphate at pressure of 0.4 MPa and duration of 10 min were 48.29%, 35.58%, and 68.64% less, respectively. The pk‐HRR, THR, and TSP of microwave pretreated wood was 15.89%, 5.69%, and 13.59% less than those without microwave pretreated sample. The microwave pretreatment of wood can increase fire retardant effectiveness of ammonium polyphosphate‐impregnated wood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Neuronal Pathology in Yeast: Insights into the Molecular Basis of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Amen Triana , Lázaro Diana F. , Outeiro Tiago F. , Kaganovich Daniel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas been extensively studied as a model organism for biochemical and genetic research for almost a century. In recent years, yeast has been successfully used to model many aspects of human diseases. These “humanized” yeast models have had a profound influence on our understanding of the molecular events underlying neurodegenerative disorders. Yeast models can recapitulate important molecular events that occur in neurodegeneration, and provide clues about the underpinnings of toxicity in animal models of disease. Moreover, yeast models have also served as a powerful tool for drug discovery. In this mini‐review, we describe yeast models that have been used to study the molecular aspects of Parkinson’s disease pathology and recent advances in the field based on these models.
Meis1 promotes poly (rC)‐binding protein 2 expression and inhibits angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Zhang Yunjiao , Si Yi , Ma Nan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe poly(rC)‐binding protein 2 (PCBP2) is currently reported to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy. However, how PCBP2 is regulated at transcriptional level remains unknown. Here, we show that Meis1, a PBX1‐related homeobox gene, binds to PCBP2 promoter and promotes its transcription. In human failing heart tissues and murine hypertrophic heart tissues, the mRNA and protein levels of Meis1 are markedly downregulated, and the level of Meis1 significantly correlates with levels of Nppa, Myh7, and PCBP2. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment induces hypertrophic growth of the cells (increase in cell size, enhanced protein synthesis, and hyperexpression of hypertrophic fetal genes), which are significantly inhibited by Meis1 overexpression or promoted by Meis1 knockdown. Meis1 also reduces Ang II‐induced activation of Akt‐mTOR pathway. Finally, we show that PCBP2 overexpression rescues the Meis1 effects of Akt‐mTOR pathway and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):13–22, 2016
100 years running: The need to understand why employee physical activity benefits organizations
Authors: Calderwood Charles , Gabriel Allison S. , Rosen Christopher C. , Simon Lauren S. , Koopman Joel 
Published: November 2015

SummaryEmployee physical activity initiatives are commonplace, but management scholarship has not kept pace with theoretical and empirical work to validate such initiatives. In this Incubator, we clarify the employee physical activity construct, present mechanisms linking physical activity to organizationally valued outcomes, and consider the dark side of employee physical activity initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Three‐dimensional or Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy? A single institution's experience
Authors: Katsoulakis Evangelia , Riaz Nadeem , Hu Man , Morris Luc , Sherman Eric , McBride Sean , Lee Nancy 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisCompare outcomes of hypopharyngeal carcinoma that received conventional radiotherapy versus intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Study DesignRetrospective single‐institution trial.MethodsBetween April 1990 and May 2011, 100 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer underwent curative radiotherapy (RT) at our institution: 50 with IMRT and 50 with conventional RT. The median age was 63 years. There were 12 T1, 22 T2, 37 T3, and 28 T4 patients. The majority of patients (82%) had nodal disease: 54% N2 and 8% N3. The majority of patients (83%) received chemotherapy. Of the patients who received chemotherapy, 84% received a platinum‐based regimen. The median RT dose was 7,000 cGy. The majority of patients (62%) had prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Toxicities were reviewed. Local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), freedom from distant metastasis (FFM) rates, functional larynx preservation (LP), laryngectomy‐free survival (LFS), and overall‐survival (OS) curves were generated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The log‐rank test was used to test prognostic variables.ResultsWith a median follow up of 48.4 months, the 3/5‐year LC, LRC, FFM, LP, LFS and OS rates were 74%/69%, 77%/74%, 70%/66%, 51%/29%, 49.6%/31.8%, and 49%/34%, respectively. The median OS was 2.9 years. The 3‐year LC rate for IMRT was 77% versus 81% for conventional RT (P = .91); 3‐year LRC for IMRT was 85% versus 76% for conventional RT (P = .32). There was no increased local failure with IMRT. There was no difference in the rate of stricture with IMRT (32%) versus conventional RT (25.3%) (P = .86).ConclusionsIMRT achieved comparable LC and LRC rates to conventional RT.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 126:620–626, 2016
Human papillomavirus infection on initiating synchronous esophageal neoplasia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Wang Wen‐Lun , Wang Yu‐Chi , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lo Jo‐Lin , Kuo Yao‐Hung , Hwang Tzer‐Zen , Wang Chih‐Chun , Mo Lein‐Ray , Lin Jaw‐Town , Lee Ching‐Tai 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We aimed to investigate whether HPV infection underlies the field cancerization phenomenon over upper aerodigestive tract to develop synchronous multiple cancers.Study DesignA case control study.MethodsThe presence and subtype of HPV‐DNA sequence in cancers were examined by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in a prospective cohort with 100 HNSCCs, 50 of which had synchronous ESCCs. The clinicopathologic characteristics were further analyzed according to the presence of HPV.ResultsTwelve patients were HPV‐positive, of which 11 were positive for HPV‐16. The prevalence of HPV infection were not different between the synchronous and HNSCC alone groups (P = 0.357). Testing for HPV in paired HNSCC and ESCC tissues from the same patient revealed that none were concomitantly HPV‐positive. Multivariate logistic regression showed drinking alcohol (odds ratio [OR], 18.75; P = 0.030), alcohol flushing (OR, 2.53; P = 0.041), and body mass index (OR, 0.77; P = 0.001) but not HPV infection were independent risk factors for synchronous phenotype. The patients with synchronous ESCCs had significantly poorer survival than those with HNSCC alone (5‐year overall survival: 30% vs. 70%; log‐rank P < 0.001). However, patients with HPV‐positive HNSCC tend to have favorable outcome than those with HPV‐negative HNSCC.ConclusionsHPV infection plays little role in field cancerization phenomenon to initiate synchronous SCC. The synchronous HNSCC and ESCC from the same patients had no clonal relationship. Routine endoscopic examination of the esophagus should be recommended for patients with risk factors identified.Levels of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:1097–1102, 2016
Combination of mTOR and EGFR targeting in an orthotopic xenograft model of head and neck cancer
Authors: Bozec Alexandre , Ebran Nathalie , Radosevic‐Robin Nina , Sudaka Anne , Monteverde Martino , Toussan Nicolas , Etienne‐Grimaldi Marie‐Christine , Nigro Cristiana Lo , Merlano Marco , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique , Milano Gérard 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisRecent preclinical and clinical studies on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) revealed synergistic effects when combining anti‐EGFR agents with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Activation of the PI3‐kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has been identified as an important mechanism implicated in tumor progression and resistance to EGFR inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (Tem) with the anti‐EGFR agent cetuximab (Cet) and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin and fluorouracil (C/F)) on an orthotopic model of HNSCC.Study DesignPreclinical in vivo study.MethodsWe evaluated the anti‐tumor efficacy (measured tumor volume) of Tem, Cet, and C/F, administered alone or in combination. Investigations were performed using a human HNSCC cell line, CAL33, injected into the mouth floor of nude mice.ResultsAs compared with the control, the combination of Tem and Cet led to the highest tumor inhibition and induced almost complete tumor growth arrest (P = 0.001). Tem significantly enhanced the impact of the Cet‐C/F combination on tumor growth (P < 0.001). The highest inhibitory effects of treatments on cell proliferation (Ki67 labeling), MAPK (pP42/44 labeling), and PI3K/AKT/mTOR (pS6R labeling) signaling pathways were found with the Tem‐Cet association.ConclusionIn this orthotopic HNSCC model, the combination of Tem with Cet produced synergistic effects on tumor growth. These results were corroborated by a strong inhibition of both MAPK and PI3K‐mTOR signaling pathways.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:E156–E163, 2016
Early glottic cancer involving the anterior commissure treated by transoral laser cordectomy
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Cornu Nicolas , Hans Stéphane , Sadoughi Babak , Badoual Cécile , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAnterior commissure involvement is considered to be a risk factor for poorer outcomes after transoral laser cordectomy (TLC) for early glottic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes and relevance of the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification in a large series of patients with early glottic cancer involving the anterior commissure treated by TLC.MethodsThe clinical and surgical parameters, as well as follow‐up results, of the patients treated consecutively for early‐stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior commissure (Tis, T1a, T1b, and T2) by transoral CO2 laser cordectomy in an urban academic medical center from January 2001 to March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.The main outcomes measures were: 5‐year disease free survival (DFS), ultimate local control with laser alone, laryngeal preservation, overall‐survival (OS) rates, and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates (Kaplan‐Meier).ResultsNinety‐six patients treated from January 2001 to March 2013 were included. The 5‐year DFS and ultimate local control with laser alone rates were 61.7% and 74.4%, respectively. The laryngeal preservation rate was 93.4%; and the OS and DSS rates were 79.2% and 91.5%, respectively. Postoperative T classification (pT) status was not found to be a significant predictor of recurrences, but was predictive of more severe recurrences requiring other treatments than laser.ConclusionTLC is an effective treatment for early stage glottic cancer involving the anterior commissure. The TNM classification is a relevant prognosis factor for severe recurrences.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1817–1822, 2016