bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using polyetheretherketone oblique cages with and without a titanium coating
Authors: Rickert M. , Fleege C. , Tarhan T. , Schreiner S. , Makowski M. R. , Rauschmann M. , Arabmotlagh M. 
Published: September 2017

Aims We compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of using a polyetheretherketone cage with (TiPEEK) and without a titanium coating (PEEK) for instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Materials and Methods We conducted a randomised clinical pilot trial of 40 patients who were scheduled to undergo a TLIF procedure at one or two levels between L2 and L5. The Oswestry disability index (ODI), EuroQoL-5D, and back and leg pain were determined pre-operatively, and at three, six, and 12 months post-operatively. Fusion rates were assessed by thin slice CT at three months and by functional radiography at 12 months. Results At final follow-up, one patient in each group had been lost to follow-up. Two patients in each of the PEEK and TiPEEK groups were revised for pseudarthrosis (p = 1.00). The rate of complete or partial fusion at three months was 91.7% in both groups. Overall, there were no significant differences in ODI or in radiological outcomes between the groups. Conclusion Favourable results with identical clinical outcomes and a high rate of fusion was seen in both groups. The titanium coating appears to have no negative effects on outcome or safety in the short term. A future study to determine the effect of titanium coating is warranted. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1366–72.
Appropriate hinge position for prevention of unstable lateral hinge fracture in open wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Nakamura R. , Komatsu N. , Fujita K. , Kuroda K. , Takahashi M. , Omi R. , Katsuki Y. , Tsuchiya H. 
Published: September 2017

Aims Open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) for medial-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee can be complicated by intra-operative lateral hinge fracture (LHF). We aimed to establish the relationship between hinge position and fracture types, and suggest an appropriate hinge position to reduce the risk of this complication. Patients and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing OWHTO were evaluated on coronal multiplanar reconstruction CT images. Hinge positions were divided into five zones in our new classification, by their relationship to the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ). Fractures were classified into types I, II, and III according to the Takeuchi classification. Results Among 111 patients undergoing OWHTOs, 22 sustained lateral hinge fractures. Of the 89 patients without fractures, 70 had hinges in the zone within the PTFJ and lateral to the medial margin of the PTFJ (zone WL), just above the PTFJ. Among the five zones, the relative risk of unstable fracture was significantly lower in zone WL (relative risk 0.24, confidence interval 0.17 to 0.34). Conclusion Zone WL appears to offer the safest position for the placement of the osteotomy hinge when trying to avoid a fracture at the osteotomy site. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99B10:1313–18
Antisepsis of the skin before spinal surgery with povidone iodine-alcohol followed by chlorhexidine gluconate-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol applied twice for the prevention of contamination of the wound by bacteria
Authors: Patrick S. , McDowell A. , Lee A. , Frau A. , Martin U. , Gardner E. , McLorinan G. , Eames N. 
Published: September 2017

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the sequential application of povidone iodine-alcohol (PVI) followed by chlorhexidine gluconate-alcohol (CHG) would reduce surgical wound contamination to a greater extent than PVI applied twice in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Patients and Methods A single-centre, interventional, two arm, parallel group randomised controlled trial was undertaken, involving 407 patients who underwent elective spinal surgery. For 203 patients, the skin was disinfected before surgery using PVI (10% [w/w (1% w/w available iodine)] in 95% industrial denatured alcohol, povidone iodine; Videne Alcoholic Tincture) twice, and for 204 patients using PVI once followed by CHG (2% [w/v] chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% [v/v] isopropyl alcohol; Chloraprep with tint). The primary outcome measure was contamination of the wound determined by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth from samples taken after disinfection. Results The detection of viable bacteria in any one of the samples taken after disinfection (culture-positive) was significantly lower in the group treated with both PVI and CHG than in the group treated with PVI alone (59 (29.1%) versus 85 (41.7%), p = 0.009; odds ratio 0.574; 95% confidence interval, 0.380 to 0.866). Conclusions Antisepsis of the skin with the sequential application of PVI and CHG more effectively reduces the contamination of a surgical wound than PVI alone. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1354–65.
Episodic payments (bundling)
Authors: Jacofsky D. J. 
Published: September 2017

Episodic, or bundled payments, is a concept now familiar to most in the healthcare arena, but the models are often misunderstood. Under a traditional fee-for-service model, each provider bills separately for their services which creates financial incentives to maximise volumes. Under a bundled payment, a single entity, often referred to as a convener (maybe the hospital, the physician group, or a third party) assumes the risk through a payer contract for all services provided within a defined episode of care, and receives a single (bundled) payment for all services provided for that episode. The time frame around the intervention is variable, but defined in advance, as are included and excluded costs. Timing of the actual payment in a bundle may either be before the episode occurs (prospective payment model), or after the end of the episode through a reconciliation (retrospective payment model). In either case, the defined costs over the defined time frame are borne by the convener.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1280–5.
Soziales Engagement in der Flüchtlingshilfe
Authors: Beckmann Fabian , Hoose Fabian , Schönauer Anna-Lena 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Wurde das Engagement für Geflüchtete in Deutschland im Sommer 2015 zunächst als positives Beispiel einer neuentdeckten ‚Willkommenskultur‘ gewertet, hat sich das gesellschaftliche Klima seitdem zusehends polarisiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Einstellungen zum Engagement für Geflüchtete in der Bevölkerung. Die Befunde zeigen, dass das Flüchtlingsengagement schichtübergreifend deutlich negativer beurteilt wird als Engagement im Allgemeinen. Negative Einstellungsmuster werden dabei insbesondere durch wahrgenommene gesellschaftliche Gerechtigkeitsdefizite begünstigt.
Adaptation of Chain Event Graphs for use with Case-Control Studies in Epidemiology
Authors: Keeble Claire , Thwaites Peter Adam , Barber Stuart , Law Graham Richard , Baxter Paul David 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Case-control studies are used in epidemiology to try to uncover the causes of diseases, but are a retrospective study design known to suffer from non-participation and recall bias, which may explain their decreased popularity in recent years. Traditional analyses report usually only the odds ratio for given exposures and the binary disease status. Chain event graphs are a graphical representation of a statistical model derived from event trees which have been developed in artificial intelligence and statistics, and only recently introduced to the epidemiology literature. They are a modern Bayesian technique which enable prior knowledge to be incorporated into the data analysis using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, used to form a suitable chain event graph. Additionally, they can account for missing data and be used to explore missingness mechanisms. Here we adapt the chain event graph framework to suit scenarios often encountered in case-control studies, to strengthen this study design which is time and financially efficient. We demonstrate eight adaptations to the graphs, which consist of two suitable for full case-control study analysis, four which can be used in interim analyses to explore biases, and two which aim to improve the ease and accuracy of analyses. The adaptations are illustrated with complete, reproducible, fully-interpreted examples, including the event tree and chain event graph. Chain event graphs are used here for the first time to summarise non-participation, data collection techniques, data reliability, and disease severity in case-control studies. We demonstrate how these features of a case-control study can be incorporated into the analysis to provide further insight, which can help to identify potential biases and lead to more accurate study results.
In defence of the case study methodology for research into strategy practice
Authors: Hughes Jeff , McDonagh Joe 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to illustrate how the case study methodology may be used in novel and productive ways for research into strategy practice. Instigated by the quest for a research design that could target the ‘practice’ of strategic information systems planning (SISP), a review of the strategy-as-practice (SAP) literature uncovered parallels with the SISP domain from a methodological standpoint. A SAP perspective was employed in conjunction with the case study methodology to investigate SISP (the strategy practice) on the part of senior managers (the practitioners) at the meso level (the level of praxis). Ultimately, this approach was found to offer original insights and uncover valuable new directions for future academic enquiry.
Synthesis of unexpected novel bis-coumarin derivatives
via
three component reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes and cyclic secondary amines. Conformation in the solid state and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: El-Samahy Fatma A. , El Salam Hayam A. Abd , El-Sayed Naglaa F. , Shalaby Elsayed M. , Dondeti Mahmoud F. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A series of unexpected bis-coumarins have been synthesized by multicomponent reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes, and cyclic secondary amines in ethanol at room temperature. The chemical structures of new compounds were identified by 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the solid-state adduct of 3,3′-[(4-methoxyphenyl)-methylene]bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) with morpholine (1:1) has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity of the new coumarin derivatives against MCF7 breast cancer cells was evaluated. A docking study of the new products was carried out to assess the molecular affinity between the tested compound and Topoisomerase IIa.
PERBANDINGAN JUMLAH TIKUS YANG TERTANGKAP ANTARA PERANGKAP DENGAN UMPAN KELAPA BAKAR, IKAN TERI DENGAN PERANGKAP TANPA UMPAN (STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANDANARAN) TAHUN 2015
Authors: Junianto Sadita Dwi , Siwiendrayanti Arum 
Published: September 2017

Puskesmas Pandanaran merupakan Puskesmas dengan jumlah kejadian leptospirosis di Kecamatan Semarang Selatan paling tinggi dengan jumlah pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 10 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah tikus yang tertangkap antara perangkap dengan menggunakan umpan kelapa bakar, ikan teri dan perangkap tanpa menggunakan umpan dilihat dari jumlah tikus yang tertangkap.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (eksperimen kuasi). Teknik pengambilan sumber informasi yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 50 rumah.Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan data tikus yang tertangkap dengan kelapa bakar adalah 42 ekor, dengan ikan teri adalah 32 ekor dan perangkap tanpa umpan adalah 1 ekor dengan angka trap succes kelapa bakar 12%, ikan teri 9,14% dan perangkap tanpa umpan 0,29%. Berdasarkan uji Man Whitney menunjukan ada perbedaan keberhasilan penangkapan tikus antara kelapa bakar dengan perangkap tanpa umpan (p=0,001 < α=0,005), ikan teri dengan perangkap tanpa umpan (p=0,001 < α=0,005) dan tidak terdapat perbedaanpenangkapan tikus antara kelapa bakar dengan ikan teri (p=1,000 < α=0,005).Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu: Melakukan pengendalian tikus di rumah masing-masing, menggunakan umpan yang menarik bagi tikus, Menjaga sanitasi lingkungan dan menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat agar terhindar dari risiko penularan leptospirosis yang dibawa oleh tikus.
Pandanaran Health Center has the highest number of leptospirosis in South Semarang District with 10 cases in 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the number of rats caught betwen the trap with the use of roasted coconut, anchovy bait and traps without the use of bait as seen from the number of rats being caught. The type of research used in this study was quasi experimental research. The sampling technique used in this study was the purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 50 houses. The results of this study showed that the number of rats caught with roasted coconut was 42 rats, with anchovy was 32 rats and trap without bait was 1 rats, the trap success number of roasted coconut was 12%, anchovy was 9.14% and without bait was 0.29 %. Man Whitney test showed that there was a difference between the success of catching rats with roasted coconut bait and traps without bait (p = 0.001 <α = 0.005), anchovy bait and traps without bait (p = 0.001 <α = 0.005) and there was no difference between roasted coconut bait and anchovy bait (p = 1.000 <α = 0.005). Advice can be given as follows: to conduct rats control in the neighborhood, to use a tempting bait for rats, to maintain sanitation and apply a clean and healthy lifestyle in order to avoid the risk of leptospirosis infection carried by rats.
UJI DAYA BUNUH GRANUL EKSTRAK LIMBAH TEMBAKAU (NICOTIANAE TABACUM L ) TERHADAP LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Khalalia Rizki 
Published: September 2017

Pengendalian penyakit DBD bergantung pada pengendalian larva Aedes aegypti. Penggunaan insektisida nabati perlu dikembangkan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif insektisida kimia. Limbah tembakau merupakan tanaman yang mengandung zat alkaloid, saponin dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai insektisida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian ekstrak limbah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) dalam bentuk granul untuk membunuh larva Aedes aegypti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni, dengan rancangan post test only with control group design dengan lima variasi konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 10%, 15%, dan 20%, dengan empat kali pengulangan. Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara ekstrak limbah tembakau dalam bentuk granul dengan kematian larva (p=0,001). Analisis probit didapatkan LC50 granul ekstrak limbah tembakau adalah 59,506% dan LC90 adalah 1.163,619%. LT50 pada konsentrasi 20% adalah 790,787 menit, sedangkan LT90 adalah 2.820.000 menit. Saran peneliti adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai cara menghilangkan warna pada air yang diberi ekstrak limbah tembakau dalam bentuk granul.
The efforted to control dengue fever depended on control of the Aedes aegypti larvae. The used of natural insecticides should be developed as easily biodegradable in nature. Tobacco waste in Indonesia is very abundant amount of 55776.24 tonnes per year. Tobacco waste contains alkaloid, essential oil, nicotine and flavonoid which its function as insecticides. This research was conducted to know the effectiveness granule extract tobacco waste (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This research was true experimental research, with the design of post test only with control group with three variations of the extract concentration 10%, 15%, dan 20% with four times repetitions.This research was conducted in 2016. The result showed that there was corelation between Nicotiana tabacum L.extract in granul with larvae mortality (p=0.001). From probit analysis test, LC50 was found in 23,965% and LC90 in 4 0,957%. LT50 of 20% was 362.625 hours, while LT90 was 544.488 hours. The conclusion of this study is granule extracts of tobacco waste has larvicidal effect on Aedes aegypti larvae.
Genotoxicity of the pestiside in Ames test and the possibility to formate the complexeses with DNA
Authors: Saratovskikh Elena A , Glazer Vadim M , Kostromina Natalya Yu , Kotelevtsev Sergey V 
Published: September 2017

The Ames test (strains Salmonella typhimurium тА98 and тА100) was used to study mutagen activity of seven pesticides: six herbicides (roundup, zenkor basagran, kusagar, lontrel, setoxidim), and fungicide tachigaren, also as herbicide complexes lontrel with eight metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Ni, Fe, Мп, Mo, Mg). It is positioned, that mutagen indexes of the investigated pesticides correlate with the value constant of formation the complexes these substances with DNA. Complexes lontrel (MLsub2/sub) with all metals have displayed mutagen activity. Genotoxicity NiLsub2/sub, FeLsub2/sub, ZnLsub2/sub it is close to genotoxicity initial lontrel, at complexes with other metals have genotoxicity in 1,5-2 times lower.
Multi-component symbiosis of Legumes with beneficial soil microbes: genetic and evolutionary basis of application in sustainable crop production
Authors: Shtark Oksana Y , Borisov Aleksey U , Zhukov Vladimir A , Nemankin Timofey A , Tikhonovich Igor A 
Published: September 2017

Leguminous plants have a genetic system that provides interaction with different beneficial soil microorganisms (BSM). The system has been formed on the basis of the genetic mechanisms that had arisen during the co-evolution of plants with arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and appeared to provide pre-adaptations for further evolution of interaction with various BSM. A concept of the use of BSM in sustainable agriculture is proposed, which postulates an establishment of the multi-component beneficial plant-microbe communities based on varieties of legumes with high potential for interaction with the BSM.
El debate constitucional de 1931 en España sobre la libertad de conciencia: una discusión de las relaciones entre Iglesia y Estado = The 1931 Spanish constitutional debate on freedom of conscience: a discussion about the relations between Church and State
Authors: Bellido Francisco J. 
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este estudio analiza el debate parlamentario de 1931 en España, en el marco del debate sobre la nueva Constitución, en torno a la libertad de conciencia a través de las relaciones entre Iglesia y Estado que los distintos partidos políticos perfilan. Defiende que el debate sobre la libertad de conciencia es, sobre todo, un debate sobre el papel de estas dos instituciones en el nuevo orden constituyente. En la primera parte de este trabajo se recogen las intervenciones parlamentarias que configuran el debate constitucional sobre la libertad de conciencia durante septiembre de 1931. Junto a ellas se exponen algunos de los factores políticos que ayudan a entender el contexto del debate constitucional en esas fechas. En la segunda parte se introducen precisiones sobre el vocabulario político de los constituyentes, enfatizando la necesidad de prestar atención al uso de conceptos políticos comunes: secularización, autonomía, libertad y Estado. En la tercera parte se examinan, al hilo de las intervenciones parlamentarias del debate constitucional a lo largo de octubre de 1931, los argumentos aducidos por los diputados de las distintas formaciones y se recapitulan las razones que sostienen la hipótesis de trabajo.Palabras clave: Debate constitucional español de 1931, Constitución española de 1931, libertad de conciencia, Iglesia y Estado en España, vocabulario político de la Segunda República.Abstract: This study examines the Spanish parliamentary debate of 1931, in the framework of the debate on the new Constitution, about freedom of conscience through the relations between Church and State outlined by the different political parties. It defends that the debate on freedom of conscience deals mainly with the role of both institutions in the new constituent order. The first part of this article shows parliamentary sessions on freedom of conscience that took place in September 1931. In the second part some clarifications regarding the political vocabulary used by the constituents are introduced. It pays attention to the use of common political: secularisation, autonomy, liberty and State. In the third part the arguments held by the representative during October 1931 are examined. Finally, it summarises the arguments supporting the article’s hypothesis.Keywords: Spanish constitutional debate of 1931, Spanish Constitution of 1931, freedom of conscience, church and state in Spain, political vocabulary of the Spanish Second Republic.
Desarrollo (evolución internacional) = Development (international evolution)
Authors: Resina de la Fuente Jorge 
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la construcción histórica y legal del concepto de desarrollo en el ámbito internacional, desde su institucionalización a mediados del siglo XX hasta la aprobación en 2015 de la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible por parte de las Naciones Unidas. Para ello, se plantea un estudio sobre cómo evoluciona el término a través de un recorrido por los distintos contextos en los que aparece y los debates que se generan en torno a cuestiones como crecimiento, sustentabilidad o capacidades humanas.Palabras clave: Desarrollo, Sostenibilidad, Desarrollo Humano, Cooperación Internacional, Agenda 2030.Abstract: This article analyzes the historical and legal construction of the concept of development in the international arena, since its institutionalization in the middle of the twentieth century to the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations in 2015. To do this, we study how the term evolves through the different contexts in which it appears, and what debates are generated, with issues such as growth, sustainability or human capabilities.Keywords: Development, Sustainability, Human Development, International Cooperation, 2030 Agenda.
Mutilación genital = Genital mutilation
Authors: García Sedano Tania 
Published: September 2017

Resumen: La mutilación genital constituye una realidad no erradicada que representa una grave vulneración de numerosos derechos fundamentales. Así, numerosos instrumentos internacionales y supranacionales se han ocupado de la misma y por ello ha sido tipificada penalmente en el ordenamiento jurídico español. El presente artículo parte de los mismos para analizar el significado del delito de mutilación genital en nuestro país.Palabras clave: Mutilación genital, derechos humanos, delito, lesiones.Abstract: Genital mutilation constitutes a non-eradicated reality that represents a serious violation of many fundamental rights. Thus, numerous international and supranational instruments have dealt with it and for this reason it has been criminalized in the Spanish legal system. The present article starts from the same ones to analyze the meaning of the crime of genital mutilation in our country.Keywords: Genital mutilation, human rights, crime, injuries.