bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Empirical Relationships between Arias Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration
Authors: Liu Jia Mei , Wang Tao , Wu Shu Ren , Gao Meng Tan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractArias intensity (IA) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) have been widely used as measures of the intensity of strong ground motions. This study employs a large set of data consisting of 7034 horizontal and 3474 vertical strong-motion records from 173 worldwide earthquakes (Mw 4.3–7.9) to refine the relationship between IA and PGA and investigates its potential dependence on variables such as earthquake magnitude (Mw), local site condition (VS30), focal mechanism, and fault distance. The dataset from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and the 2013 Mw 6.8 Lushan earthquake is used to demonstrate the usability and necessity of our models. The results reveal that the logarithm of IA increases linearly with the increase of the logarithm of PGA and Mw and the decrease of the logarithm of VS30, and this kind of correlation is not significantly affected by focal mechanism and fault distance. New global empirical relationships for both horizontal and vertical components are developed to estimate IA as a function of PGA, Mw, and VS30. The resulting correlation equations presented in this article represent a significant advancement by incorporating such important features as magnitude and VS30 and enable an improved way of estimating IA from PGA.
ENTRE O CENTRO E A PROVÍNCIA: a primeira eleição para deputado geral no Maranhão pós-independência
Authors: Galves Marcelo Cheche 
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o reordenamento político da província do Maranhão após a Independência, tomando como fio condutor a primeira eleição para deputados gerais, realizada em 1825. O tenso reconhecimento do novo centro de autoridade, situado agora no Rio de Janeiro, é aqui apreendido a partir de três perspectivas: das querelas ainda decorrentes da incorporação da província ao Império, oficializada em 28 de julho de 1823; das novas possibilidades abertas pela criação de um novo Estado, como aspirações à carreira burocrática ou parlamentar; e dos personagens eleitos: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes; João Bráulio Muniz e Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Palavras-chave: Maranhão. Império. Constituição. Eleição. BETWEEN THE CENTRE AND THE PROVINCE: the first election for general assemblyman post-independence in Maranhão StateAbstract: This article analyses the political reorganization of the province of Maranhão after the Independence during the first election for general assemblymen, held in 1825. The tense recognition of the new central authority, located now in Rio de Janeiro, is here thought from three perspectives: the quarrels resulting from the incorporation of the province to the Empire, made official in July 28, 1823; the new possibilities opened by the creation of a new State, as aspirations to bureaucratic or parliamentarian careers; and of the characters elected: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes; João Bráulio Muniz and Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Keywords: Maranhão. Empire. Constitution. Election. ENTRE EL CENTRO Y LA PROVINCIA: la primera elección para diputado general en el Maranhão post-independenciaResumen: Este artículo pretende analizar la reorganización política de la provincia de Maranhão después de la independencia, tomando como guía la primera elección para diputados generales, celebrada en 1825. El tenso reconocimiento del nuevo centro de autoridad, situado ahora en Río de Janeiro, se percibe aquí a través de tres perspectivas: de las rencillas aún derivadas de la incorporación de la provincia al Imperio, oficializada el 28 de julio de 1823; de las nuevas posibilidades abiertas por la creación de un nuevo Estado, como las aspiraciones a la carrera burocrática o parlamentaria; y de los personajes elegidos: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes, João Bráulio Muniz and Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Palabras clave: Maranhão. Imperio. Constitución. Elección.
Widened Safe Mud Window for Naturally Fractured Shale Formations: A Workflow and Case Study
Authors: Shen Xinpu 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This work briefly reviews the literature reported in the References section on a widened mud weight window (MWW) by wellbore strengthening, including both hydraulic plugging and stress cage for shale formations with natural fractures. The workflow for designing the mud density for hydraulic plugging and the effectiveness of stress caging are presented. An example of widening the MWW is presented with a simplified model for a well section in a shale gas formation in a field in southwest China. With numerical simulation, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the task of widening the MWW with the value of 1.66 lbm/gal can be realized by opening the fracture to 1.285 mm with hydraulic plugging; (2) the mud weight pressure required to create this value of 1.285 mm fracture opening is 39 MPa, which corresponds to a 15-lbm/gal mud weight gradient (i.e., 1.81 g/cm3 mud density); (3) because the value of the fracture opening is determined to be 1.285 mm, the size of the lost circulation materials (LCMs) is chosen accordingly.
The case study described in this paper provides a workflow of widening the MWW for safely drilling through a naturally fractured shale formation. A best practice of this type of MWW design is also presented.
Productivity Index Coupled with Drilling Risk Index: Application to Geosteering
Authors: Pena Paola Perez , Nunna Krishna , Urdaneta Gustavo , Samuel Robello 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Geosteering is a process used to optimize the positioning of a horizontal wellbore to maximize the reservoir exposure. Each wellbore design can vary greatly in terms of risk and complexity, which can have an impact on the final well performance. This paper proposes a novel methodology to identify an optimal well path, which minimizes the drilling risk and maximizes the productivity of the well based on its placement in the reservoir.
The methodology presented uses a new comprehensive approach to calculate productivity index (PI) for a 3D wellbore. A new drilling risk index (RI) is proposed, which includes torque, drag, and trajectory risk factors. The torque and drag risk factors are normalized with respect to a base case trajectory, which can be selected based on field experience. In the present case, the authors selected a straight horizontal well as the base case. The trajectory risk factor is associated with the well profile energy, which is also normalized with a base case scenario. The final RI is the summation of the three individual risk indices.
Applications of the methodology proposed are evaluated on a synthetic case in which a sensitivity analysis was performed on different possible well trajectories, and each trajectory was evaluated by comparing the proposed drilling risk and well productivity. The optimal trajectory is identified by differentiating the well productivity with RI among the low-risk trajectories to find the profile with maximum productivity. The well productivity is translated to revenue to highlight the commercial implications of the drilling project. The results demonstrate the trajectories with maximum reservoir exposure have a high risk associated, which can be translated into problems when running the completions. Neither the trajectory with the lowest risk nor the best performance is the optimum well trajectory. The authors also found that the dogleg distribution along the trajectory could have a significant impact on the RI and well productivity. The outcomes demonstrate usefulness of the approach in providing the engineer with a well path choice backed with good engineering approach on a real-time basis.
This paper introduces a novel methodology to quantify the production and risk associated with different well trajectories while geosteering. To account for productivity estimation in complex undulated trajectories, a new comprehensive model is proposed. This is the first time both drilling and production parameters are considered in identifying an optimal well trajectory. The approach helps in placing the well in the sweet spot efficiently, which ultimately translates to revenue.
An Integrated Workflow to the Success of Complex Tight-Gas Reservoirs Development North of India: Case Study
Authors: Abdelaziz Sherif , Leem Junghun , Praptono Andri Setyanto , Shankar Pranay , Mund Bineet , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Goyal Rajat , Sidharth Punj 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A tight-gas reservoir commonly refers to a low-permeability reservoir that mostly produces natural gas. Irrespective of the reservoir rock type (e.g. sandstone, shales, coal seams or volcanics), they all have one thing in common—these reservoirs cannot be produced at economic rates without an effective hydraulic fracturing treatment.
In conventional reservoirs, rock flow capacity is usually sufficient to allow for hydrocarbons flow; therefore, hydraulic fracturing is broadly considered as a remedial technique to improve the productivity of suboptimal producing wells. In this study, fracturing was not originally considered in the primary drilling and completion planning phases, which in many cases limited the effectiveness of fracturing treatments because of challenges resulting from the well architecture, trajectory, azimuthal orientation with respect to dominant stress regimes, and other factors. As the importance of unconventional resources for hydrocarbon production has increased dramatically during the past decade and more attention and efforts are focused globally to explore these reserves, the demand for hydraulic fracturing techniques to prove the economic profitability of these resources has in turn tremendously increased. This has created a paradigm shift, as operators are beginning to recognize that they need to drill and complete wells for hydraulic fracturing to maximize the return on their assets. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing has gained an advanced position in the planning phase of unconventional assets.
Volcanic formations are one of the rarer rock types with the potential for accumulations of hydrocarbons that can produce economically. This rarity has resulted in a lack of understanding across the industry on the nature of these reservoirs and how to successfully turn them into lucrative assets. Because of the tight nature of these formations, optimal hydraulic fracturing strategies are intrinsically necessary for economic production. Without a thorough and integrated understanding of the petrophysical and geomechanical properties of these formations, it will be difficult to interpret the fracture growth behavior and its inherent effect on fracture flow capacity in the production phase.
The Development of a Viscosifier for Clay Free and Water Based Drilling Fluid With High Density and High Temperature Resistant
Authors: Zhang X. M. , Jiang G. C. , Xuan Y. , Wang L. , Huang X. B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Shale gas buried deep in Weiyuan region in China's Sichuan province, the clay-free and water-base drilling fluid should have high density and high temperature resistant. Most viscosifiers such as XG (xanthan gum) could not meet the fluid requires, so a kind of well water-soluble hydrophobic polymer (SSZN) was synthesized and the clay-free drilling fluid meeting the requirements was laboratory formed.
Using acrylamide, AMPS (2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid), hydrophobic monomer and other acrylamide derivatives as monomers, the viscoelastic polymer was synthesized by the micellar polymerization. To get the optimal reaction conditions, the monomer ratio, initiator amount and reaction temperature were selected. With the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges and hydrophobic association between hydrophobic groups, the polymer had great viscoelasticity. With the polymer (SSZN) and other drilling fluid additives, a water-based and clay-free drilling fluid system with high density and high temperature resistant was formed.
First, the structure of the polymer was testified by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectrum. The reticular structure was seen by the TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Then, the viscosity of the polymer was tested by ZNN-D6 Viscometer. The polymer aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.5wt% had high viscosity and great temperature resistance. The apparent viscosity was beyond the range and the apparent viscosity was 0.07 Pa s after hot-rolling for 16 h at 130 °C. The viscoelasticity of the polymer was tested by the HAAKE Rheometer. At last, the water-based and clay-free drilling fluid with the density of 2.36 g/cm3 was formed, and after rolling for 16 hours at 150 °C the fluid had well rheological property.
The viscosifier (SSZN) had great viscoelasticity and high temperature resistant. With it a water-based and clay-free drilling fluid with high density and high temperature resistant was formed, which could meet the shale mining requirements in Sichuan Weiyuan region.
Collagen Hydrogel Scaffold and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Accelerate Periodontal Healing of Class II Furcation Defects in Dog
Authors: Momose Takehito , Miyaji Hirofumi , Kato Akihito , Ogawa Kosuke , Yoshida Takashi , Nishida Erika , Murakami Syusuke , Kosen Yuta , Sugaya Tsutomu , Kawanami Masamitsu 
Published: August 2016

Objective:Collagen hydrogel scaffold exhibits bio-safe properties and facilitates periodontal wound healing. However, regenerated tissue volume is insufficient. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) up-regulates cell behaviors and subsequent wound healing. We evaluated whether periodontal wound healing is promoted by application of collagen hydrogel scaffold in combination with FGF2 in furcation defects in beagle dogs.Methods:Collagen hydrogel was fabricated from bovine type I collagen with an ascorbate-copper ion cross-linking system. Collagen hydrogel was mingled with FGF2 and injected into sponge-form collagen. Subsequently, FGF2 (50 µg)/collagen hydrogel scaffold and collagen hydrogel scaffold alone were implanted into class II furcation defects in dogs. In addition, no implantation was performed as a control. Histometric parameters were assessed at 10 days and 4 weeks after surgery.Result:FGF2 application to scaffold promoted considerable cell and tissue ingrowth containing numerous cells and blood vessel-like structure at day 10. At 4 weeks, reconstruction of alveolar bone was stimulated by implantation of scaffold loaded with FGF2. Furthermore, periodontal attachment, consisting of cementum-like tissue, periodontal ligament-like tissue and Sharpey’s fibers, was also repaired, indicating that FGF2-loaded scaffold guided self-assembly and then re-established the function of periodontal organs. Aberrant healing, such as ankylosis and root resorption, was not observed.Conclusion:FGF2-loaded collagen hydrogel scaffold possessed excellent biocompatibility and strongly promoted periodontal tissue engineering, including periodontal attachment re-organization.
DETECTION OF FORBIDDEN LINE COMPONENTS OF LITHIUM-LIKE CARBON IN STELLAR SPECTRA
Authors: Werner Klaus , Rauch Thomas , Hoyer Denny , Quinet Pascal 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the first identification of forbidden line components from an element heavier than helium in the spectrum of astrophysical plasmas. So far, these components were identified only in laboratory plasmas and not in astrophysical objects. Forbidden components are well known for neutral helium lines in hot stars, particularly in helium-rich post-AGB stars and white dwarfs. We discovered that two hitherto unidentified lines in the ultraviolet spectra of hot hydrogen-deficient (pre-) white dwarfs can be identified as forbidden line components of triply ionized carbon (C iv). The forbidden components (3p–4f and 3d–4d) appear in the blue and red wings of the strong, Stark broadened 3p–4d and 3d–4f lines at 1108 Å and 1169 Å, respectively. They are visible over a wide effective temperature range (60,000–200,000 K) in helium-rich (DO) white dwarfs and PG 1159 stars that have strongly oversolar carbon abundances.
TURBULENCE AND PROTON–ELECTRON HEATING IN KINETIC PLASMA
Authors: Matthaeus William H , Parashar Tulasi N , Wan Minping , Wu P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Analysis of particle-in-cell simulations of kinetic plasma turbulence reveals a connection between the strength of cascade, the total heating rate, and the partitioning of dissipated energy into proton heating and electron heating. A von Karman scaling of the cascade rate explains the total heating across several families of simulations. The proton to electron heating ratio increases in proportion to total heating. We argue that the ratio of gyroperiod to nonlinear turnover time at the ion kinetic scales controls the ratio of proton and electron heating. The proposed scaling is consistent with simulations.
The Effectiveness of a Mobile Clinic in Improving Follow-up Eye Care for At-Risk Children
Authors: Diao Wei , Patel Jinali , Snitzer Melanie , Pond Michael , Rabinowitz Michael P. , Ceron Guadalupe , Bagley Krystal , Dennis Korinne , Weiner Rachel , Martinez-Helfman Sarah , Maria Kathleen Santa , Burke Brian , Aultman William B. , Levin Alex V. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To investigate the potential of a mobile ophthalmic unit in the schoolyard to improve the follow-up rate for children who have failed an optometric in-school screening program. Previously, the optometric program made referrals to the center and only 53% of students attended the desired ophthalmology consultation.

Methods:
This was a cohort study of students conducted in elementary school lots in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. The mobile ophthalmic unit visited schools where students with parental consent who needed examination had been identified by an in-school optometric vision care program.

Results:

A total of 132 students were referred by the optometric program, of whom 95 (72%) had complete signed consent forms. Eighty-two patients (62%, confidence interval: 54% to 70%) were successfully seen by the mobile unit. Compared to the historical rate of successful completion of ophthalmology consultation (53%), a statistically significant improvement in follow-up was noted (
P
= .036). On a Likert scale of 1 to 5, the mean school nurse satisfaction rating was 4.8.

Conclusions:
The findings demonstrate the potential impact of mobile eye clinics at schools in connecting children with ophthalmic care.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):344–348.]
Patient Education for Consumer-Mediated HIE
Authors: Klein Dawn , Witry Matthew , Klutts J. , Hill Elaine , Alexander Bruce , Nazi Kim , Turvey Carolyn 
Published: August 2016

SummaryConsumer-mediated health information exchange (HIE) is one of the three types of HIE designated by the Office of the National Coordinator. HIE is intended to improve the quality of care while reducing cost, yet empirical support for this claim is mixed. Future research should identify the contexts whereby HIE is most effective.This study was conducted as a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial. In the intervention arm, 27 veterans were taught how to generate a Continuity of Care Document (CCD) within the Blue Button feature of their VA patient portal and were then asked to share it with their community non-VA provider. In the attention control condition, 25 Veterans were taught how to look up health information on the Internet. The impact of this training on the next non-VA medical visit was examined.Nineteen (90%) veterans in the intervention arm shared their CCD with their non-VA provider as compared with 2 (17%) in the attention control arm (p<0.001). Both veterans and non-VA providers indicated high satisfaction with the CCD. Comparison of medical records between the VA and non-VA providers did not indicate improved medication reconciliation (p=0.72). If veterans shared their CCD prior to their non-VA providers ordering laboratory tests, the number of duplicate laboratories was significantly reduced (p=0.02).In this pilot randomized controlled trial, training 52 veterans to share their CCD was feasible and accepted by both patients and providers. Sharing this document appeared to reduce duplicate laboratory draws, but did not have an impact on documented medication list concordance.
Citation: Turvey CL, Klein DM, Witry M, Klutts JS, Hill EL, Alexander B, Nazi KM. Patient education for consumer-mediated HIE: A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Department of Veterans Affairs Blue Button.
A model study of the pollution effects of the first 3 months of the
Holuhraun volcanic fissure: comparison with observations and air pollution
effects
Authors: Steensen Birthe Marie , Schulz Michael , Theys Nicolas , Fagerli Hilde 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The volcanic fissure at Holuhraun, Iceland started at the end of August 2014 and continued for 6 months to the end of February 2015, with an extensive lava flow onto the Holuhraun plain. This event was associated with large SO2 emissions, amounting up to approximately 4.5 times the daily anthropogenic SO2 emitted from the 28 European Union countries, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland. In this paper we present results from EMEP/MSC-W model simulations to which we added 750 kg s−1 SO2 emissions at the Holuhraun plain from September to November (SON), testing three different emission heights. The three simulated SO2 concentrations, weighted with the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite averaging kernel, are found to be within 30 % of the satellite-observed SO2 column burden. Constraining the SO2 column burden with the satellite data while using the kernel along with the three simulated height distributions of SO2, we estimate that the median of the daily burdens may have been between 13 and 40 kt in the North Atlantic area under investigation. We suggest this to be the uncertainty in the satellite-derived burdens of SO2, mainly due to the unknown vertical distribution of SO2. Surface observations in Europe outside Iceland showed concentration increases up to > 500 µg m−3 SO2 from volcanic plumes passing. Three well identified episodes, where the plume crossed several countries, are compared in detail to surface measurements. For all events, the general timing of the observed concentration peaks compared quite well to the model results. The overall changes to the European SO2 budget due to the volcanic fissure are estimated. Three-monthly wet deposition (SON) of SOx in the 28 European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland is found to be more than 30 % higher in the model simulation with Holuhraun emissions compared to a model simulation with no Holuhraun emissions. The largest increases, apart from extreme values on Iceland, are found on the coast of northern Norway, a region with frequent precipitation during westerly winds. Over a 3-month average (during SON 2014) over Europe, SO2 and PM2.5 surface concentrations, due to the volcanic emissions, increased by only ten and 6 % respectively. Although the percent increase of PM2.5 concentration is highest over Scandinavia and Scotland, an increase in PM exceedance days is found over Ireland and the already polluted Benelux region (up to 3 additional days), where any small increase in particulate matter concentration leads to an increase in exceedance days.