bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DAS CONDIÇÕES HIDROGEOLÓGICAS NA ÁREA DO MUNICÍPIO DE OURO PRETO, MG.
Authors: Ferreira Quênia de Cássia Goulart , Bacellar Luis de Almeida Prado 
Published: January 2016

O conhecimento da dinâmica natural e da qualidade das águas subterrâneas no município de Ouro Preto éainda deficiente. Em vista disto, foi elaborado um banco de dados hidrogeológicos com o intuito de avaliarde forma preliminar o potencial hídrico subterrâneo desta área. A análise e tratamento dos dados secundáriose primários obtidos permitiu a identificação de oito sistemas aqüíferos. O sistema do Grupo Itabira, ondese encontram as formações ferríferas da Formação Cauê, é o de maior potencial. Os sistemas em rochasdo embasamento cristalino destacam-se pelo maior número de poços tubulares cadastrados. Análises deparâmetros físico-químicos e de elementos inorgânicos na água subterrânea revelaram que a maioria apresentaconcentrações inferiores aos máximos permitidos pela legislação para água potável. Contudo, como o sistemade proteção sanitária dos poços se mostrou muitas vezes inadequado, é possível que haja alguma contaminaçãopor elementos ou compostos não analisados e que deverão ser futuramente investigados.Palavras-chaves: hidrogeologia, sistemas aqüíferos, hidroquímica, Ouro Preto. ABSTRACT: The knowledge of physical and chemical conditions of groundwater in the city of Ouro Preto is still deficient.Therefore, in this paper a hydrogeological database was made, in order to estimate the groundwater potentialof the area. The analysis and processing of secondary and primary data allowed the identification of eightaquifer systems. The aquifer system of the Itabira Group, with iron formations, was considered the best,while the crystalline basement system has the highest number of registered wells. Analysis of physicalchemicalparameters and inorganic elements in groundwater has revealed that most concentrations are belowthe maximum allowed by law for drinking water. owever, the sanitary protection of the wells is frequentlyinadequate and there are ossibly other contaminants, which should be further investigated.Keywords: hydrogeology, aquifer systems, hydrochemistry, Ouro Preto.
MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL: PRIMEIRA APROXIMAÇÃO
Authors: Augustin Cristina Helena Ribeiro Rocha , Fonseca Bráulio Magalhães , Rocha Leonardo Cristian 
Published: January 2016

O mapeamento geomorfológico em escala regional constitui um importante instrumento na espacialização dos elementos morfoestruturais do relevo. Tais mapeamentos auxiliam de maneira ágil e direta na compreensão dos elementos bio-físicos envolvidos tanto na evolução do relevo, quanto na sua caracterização. Grandes cinturões orogenéticos, como a Serra do Espinhaço, representam um laboratório ideal para testar mapeamentos de escala regional, voltados para o estudo dos aspectos morfoestruturais da paisagem. O presente trabalho buscou aplicar novas tecnologias de mensuração e representação cartográfica das formas de relevo da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM). Para isto foi desenvolvida, a partir da análise de dados primários e secundários, chave interpretativa para o mapeamento.Palavras-chave: mapeamento geomorfológico, Espinhaço Meridional, modelagem digital de elevação, análise geomorfológica, técnicas de geoprocessamento. ABSTRACT: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL MOUNTAIN RANGE: FIRST APPROXIMATION. Geomorphologic mapping in regional scale is an important instrument for spacializing the morphoestructural elements of landform. These mappings can also become an agile and straightforward tool for enabling the understanding of bio-physical elements involved in landscape evolution as well as their characterization. Extensive orogenetic belts such as the Espinhaço constitute an ideal laboratory for testing large scale mappings linked to the studies of morphoestructural aspects of the landscape. This paper aims to apply new cartographical technologies such as GIS using them for measurements and representation of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), a mountain range located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Taking as reference primary and secondary data it was possible to develop an interpretation Key for the geomorphologic mapping.Keywords: geomorphologic mapping, Espinhaço Meridional, digital terrain modeling, geomorphologic analysis, geoprocessing techniques.
ROCHAS GRANULÍTICAS DA SUÍTE CAPARAÓ NA REGIÃO DO PICO DA BANDEIRA: EMBASAMENTO ORIENTAL DO ORÓGENO ARAÇUAÍ
Authors: Novo Tiago Amâncio , Noce Carlos Maurício , Pedrosa-Soares Antônio Carlos , Batista Gustavo Antonio Pereira 
Published: January 2016

O Pico da Bandeira é o terceiro cume mais alto do Brasil com 2891,98 m de altitude. Localiza-se na Serra do Caparaó, divisa dos estados de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo. Esta serra tem sido esculpida essencialmente sobre gnaisses e migmatitos de alto grau, ortoderivados, de composição diorítica a granítica, com encraves máficos, da Suíte Caparaó. Estruturalmente, a Serra do Caparaó configura uma lasca tectônica moldada em antiformal de proporções quilométricas, assimétrico, apertado, aproximadamente orientado segundo NNE-SSW, com o flanco oeste parcialmente invertido e charneira marcada por intensa migmatização. As poucas amostras analisadas sugerem rochas cálcio-alcalinas de médio a alto-K, um pouco enriquecidas em terras raras leves em relação a rochas similares do Complexo Juiz de Fora. A Suíte Caparaó, de idade riaciana (ca. 2,19 Ga), pode ser correlacionada ao Complexo Juiz de Fora e constitui uma porção do embasamento sudeste do Orógeno Araçuaí.Palavras-chave: Granulito, Suíte Caparaó, Orógeno Araçuaí ABSTRACT: GRANULITIC ROCKS FROM THE CAPARAÓ SUITE IN THE PICO DA BANDEIRA REGION: EASTERN BASEMENT OF THE ARAÇUAÍ OROGEN. In Brazil, the third highest mountain peak, with 2891.98 m high, is called Pico da Bandeira. It is located at Caparaó mountain ridge, along the boundary between Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states. This ridge has been shaped on the orthoderived, dioritic to granitic, granulitic gneisses and migmatites with mafic enclaves of the Caparaó Suite. The regional structure of the Caparaó ridge is a folded thrust slice, forming a huge antiformal, asymmetric, tight fold roughly oriented to NNE-SSW, with the western limb partially inverted and the hinge marked by intense migmatization. The few analysed samples suggest medium to high-K calc-alkaline signatures, slightly enriched in light rare earth elements in relation to similar rocks of the Juiz de Fora Complex. The Caparaó Suite, Rhyacian in age (ca. 2.19 Ga), can be correlated to the Juiz de Fora Complex and forms part of the southeastern basement of the Araçuaí orogen.Keywords: Granulite, Caparaó Suite, Araçuaí orogen
NOVA ABORDAGEM TECTONO-ESTRATIGRÁFICA DO SUPERGRUPO ESPINHAÇO EM SUA PORÇÃO MERIDIONAL (MG)
Authors: Chemale Jr. Farid , Dussin Ivo Antônio , Martins Maximiliano , Santos Marcelo Nascimento dos 
Published: January 2016

O Supergrupo Espinhaço Meridional é formado por duas grandes sucessões sedimentares separados por nítida discordância angular, interpretada como dois ciclos de preenchimento de bacia: (1) o primeiro Estateriano (1,78 to 1,70 Ga), interpretado como rifte intracontinental, (ii) outro Esteniano-Toniano (1,18 to 0,91 Ga) como uma bacia intracratônica cujo processo inicial de subsidência ocorreu por implantação de um rifte. A ausência de um ciclo bacinal intermediário (1,6 Ga - 1,3 Ga), presente apenas na Chapada Diamantina, permite inferir que a atual região ocupada pela Serra do Espinhaço Meridional comportou-se como um alto estrutural ou área de não deposição.Palavras-chave: Supergrupo Espinhaço Meridional, geocronologia U-Pb em zircões, ciclos bacinais, evolução tectono-sedimentar. ABSTRACT: A NEW TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH FOR THE SOUTHERN ESPINHAÇO SUPERGROUP, MINAS GERAIS STATE. The Espinhaço Supergroup in Southern Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, contains thus two unconformably successions, which can be interpreted as two basin fill cycles: (i) one Statherian (1,78 to 1,71 Ga) as intracontinental rift, (ii) and another Stenian-Tonian (1,18 to 0,91 Ga) as intracontinental rift-sag successor basin. The absence of a intermediary cycle (1,6 Ga – 1,3 Ga), present only in Chapada Diamantina (Bahia State), allows to infer that the current region occupied by the Southern Espinhaço Range held like a structural top or area of non-deposition at this time.Keywords: Southern Espinhaço Supergroup, U-Pb zircon geochronology, basinal cycles, tectono-sedimentary evolution.
ASPECTOS LEGAIS E AMBIENTAIS SOBRE FECHAMENTO DE MINA, COM ÊNFASE NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Tonidandel Rodrigo De Paula , Parizzi Maria Giovana , Lima Hernani Mota de 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo descreve sobre o estado atual dos aspectos legais e ambientais que regulamentam a atividade de fechamento e descomissionamento de empreendimentos minerários no Brasil, e no Estado de Minas Gerais. Este último detém a liderança na produção mineral do país. A exploração das jazidas minerais produz elevado potencial de riscos ambientais e, quando abandonadas ou encerradas, passivos ambientais são gerados. No Brasil, o fechamento de mina foi considerado a partir do advento da Lei nº 6.938/81, da Constituição Federal de 1988 quando ganharam importância o Estudo e Relatório de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA. A legislação do setor mineral encontra-se dispersa, pois é vinculada a dois ministérios: Minas e Energia e Meio Ambiente. Em Minas Gerais, dentre outras normas, a DN COPAM Nº 127, de 2008, estabelece diretrizes para avaliação ambiental da fase de fechamento de mina. Empresas de grande porte vêm apresentando planos de fechamento e de descomissionamento, entretanto, as pequenas empresas aliada à falta de fiscalização, têm sido as principais responsáveis pela geração de passivos ambientais.Palavras-chave: Fechamento de mina, aspectos legais, aspectos ambientais. ABSTRACT: LEGAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ON THE CLOSURE OF MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. This article describes the current status of legal and environmental factors that regulate the closure and decommissioning of mining activities in Brazil and in Minas Gerais State. The latter has the lead in mineral production in the country. The exploitation of mineral deposits produces a high potential for environmental hazards and, when abandoned or closed, environmental liabilities are generated. In Brazil, the mine closure has been considered from the enactment of Law No. 6.938/81, of the Constitution of 1988 with the Study and Environmental Impact Report - EIA / RIMA. The law of the mineral sector is dispersed because it is linked to two ministries: Mines and Energy and the Environment. In Minas Gerais, among other provisions, the DN COPAM No. 127, 2008, establishes guidelines for environmental assessment phase of a mine closure. Large companies have presented plans for closure and decommissioning, however, small businesses coupled with the lack of supervision have been mainly responsible for the generation of environmental liabilities.Keywords: closure of mining activities, legal and environmental aspects
GEOESPELEOLOGIA E PRINCIPAIS ASPECTOS ESPELEOGENÉTICOS DAS GRUTAS BAIXADA DAS CRIOULAS I E II, ITAMBÉ DO MATO DENTRO, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Fabri Fabiana , Auler Augusto , Calux Allan , Cassimiro Roberto , Augustin Cristina Helena Ribeiro Rocha 
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados da caracterização geoespelológica das Grutas Baixada das Crioulas I e II, bem comoos principais aspectos espeleogenéticos associada a este sistema cárstico desenvolvido em rochas quatzíticas. Há, ainda hoje, grandecontrovérsia em torno da denominação de formas de relevo em rochas não carbonáticas, que apresentam similitudes com aquelasdesenvolvidas em relevo cárstico. Entre essas formas, destacam-se aquelas desenvolvidas em rochas quartzíticas Onze cavernasdesenvolvidas em rochas desta litologia em um conjunto montanhoso situado no município de Itambé do Mato Dentro, borda leste daSerra do Espinhaço Meridional (MG), foram localizadas e analisadas. Elas foram estudadas com o objetivo principal de compreender osprocessos de formação inerentes a essas feições. As cavernas Gruta Baixada das Crioulas I e Gruta Baixada das Crioulas II formam uminteressante sistema cárstico na região, com importantes atributos morfológicos, litológicos, estruturais e de depósitos endorcársticos. AGruta Baixada das Crioulas I destaca-se por seus atributos morfométricos, pois a caverna supera os 1000m de desenvolvimento horizontale 75m de desnível,medidas estas bastante representativas em se tratando de cavernas desenvolvidas em rochas quartzíticas,tanto emMinas Gerais, quanto no Brasil.Palavras-chave: geoespeleologia, sistema cárstico, quartzito, Serra do Espinhaço. ABSTRACTGEOSPELEOLOGY AND MAIN SPELEOGENETIC ASPECTS OF BAIXADA DAS CRIOULAS I AND II CAVES, ITAMBÉ DO MATO DENTRO,MINAS GERAIS. This research presents the results of the geospeleological characterization of the caves Gruta Baixada das Crioulas I and II,as well as the main speleogenetic aspects associated to this karst system developed in quartzite rocks. There are still controversies aboutthe denomination of features developed in non-carbonate rocks that present similarities with those developed in karstic relief. Amongthese features, those developed in quartzite rocks can be highlighted. Eleven caves formed in quartzite rocks were found in a mountainouslocation in the municipality of Itambé do Mato Dentro, the eastern border of Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, Minas Gerais State. They werestudied with the objective to understand the inherent processes involved in their formation and development. The caves Gruta Baixada dasCrioulas I and Gruta Baixada das Crioulas II form a karst system with important morphological, lithological, structural and endokarstdeposits that are characteristic of karstic forms. That is the case of the Gruta Baixada das Crioulas I which is outstanding because of itsmorphometric attributes with a length of more than 1000m and a depth of approximately 75m. These measures are fairly representativewhen compared to other caves in quartzite located not only in Minas Gerais but also in Brazil.Keywords: geospeleology, karst system, quartzite, Serra do Espinhaço.
Biological Risk Factors for Nonunion of Bone Fracture
Authors: Zura Robert , Mehta Samir , Della Rocca Gregory J. , Steen R. Grant 
Published: January 2016

➢ Many risk factors for fracture nonunion are well supported in the orthopaedic literature, including location of the fracture site, surgical treatment, bone displacement, type of fixation, treatment delay, comminution, inadequate treatment, and wound infection. However, evidence from a systematic review suggests that patient-related or biological causes of nonunion may not be as well understood.➢ Understanding the biological causes of nonunion is important for several reasons. Risk factors might identify patients prone to nonunion who could benefit from more aggressive intervention, and a clear idea of nonunion risk could be important when choosing between competing therapeutic options. Risk factors also can inform the design of clinical trials and clarify patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that small studies can yield more definitive answers. Finally, an understanding of patient risk profiles may enable clinicians to counsel patients more effectively and to set appropriate expectations for success.➢ Patient age appears to be a strong risk factor for nonunion in some bones, a weak risk factor for nonunion in other bones, and perhaps not a significant risk factor for nonunion in certain bones. This observation suggests that there can be substantial bone-to-bone variation in nonunion risk. Age also may be a surrogate for the prevalence of risk factors that potentially increase with age, such as smoking, diabetes, obesity, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.➢ Smoking has been replicated as a risk factor for nonunion only in retrospective studies involving the humerus and tibia. Smoking appears to have an important effect on nonunion, yet the incremental risk may be rather small, except in context with additional risk factors. Diabetes has been confirmed as a risk factor for nonunion only in retrospective studies involving the foot and ankle. Nonunion risk from diabetes alone may be small and the context of additional risk factors crucial; this could account for why it has been so difficult to predict nonunion in the individual patient.➢ Prediction of fracture nonunion in the individual patient is a difficult problem. Fracture nonunion may be influenced by complex interactions between biological and surgical risk factors, and the nonunion rate varies from bone to bone. A randomized clinical trial may not appropriately control for all potential correlates and confounders and may require impractical sample sizes. A large claims-based study of real-world fracture-healing outcomes is needed to provide guidance for randomized clinical trials that can test risk factors more rigorously.
Combining Technology and Automation to Overcome Drilling Challenges and Deliver Longest Extended Reach Well in Kuwait: A Case History
Authors: Al-Ajmi Hadi , Al-Ajmi Abdullah , Al-Ajmi Khaled , Al-Rashoud Abdulaziz , Farhi Nadir , Nouh Walid , Samie Mohamed 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Challenges of oil recovery in mature assets continue to increase, requiring horizontal wells to be drilled for longer intervals. To improve the overall production in Kuwait, horizontal injector wells are required in some carbonate reservoirs in north Kuwait fields with the main objective of driving reservoir pressure in cases where aquifers cannot contribute to sustained oil recovery. Drilling several injector wells with long lateral sections was found to be the best approach to improve reservoir sweeping efficiency and drive the pressure regime for sustaining higher production levels.
Historically, all horizontal wells drilled in similar reservoirs utilized oil-based mud (OBM), which was instrumental in reducing torque and friction along the lateral sections. Recently, all injector wells in the area were switched to water-based mud (WBM) systems in the lateral to reduce reservoir damage and improve injectivity and to enable the use of microimaging logging tools while drilling. This switch, together with limited drilling rig capability and geological uncertainty, posed major challenges on the deliverability of the horizontal section to planned total depth (TD). The operator, in collaboration with the drilling services provider and other service providers, completed a substantial planning phase to optimize the well design and make it achievable using current resources.
The bottomhole assembly (BHA) was modeled, with iterations made to enhance the capability of drilling long laterals with proper weight transfer without sacrificing well stability or directional control. To overcome the challenge of drilling the long lateral section without the need for intermediate trips, the tool string design was customized for additional robustness and durability.
Completed in two runs, the 6979 ft section was considered to be the longest lateral in north Kuwait ever achieved at the time. Maintaining the well in the desired trajectory, the motorized rotary steerable system was used to achieve a rate of penetration (ROP) improvement above the field average and within the allowable torque limit permitted, reaching the required total depth successfully. The bit and BHA selection and design were both critical to success. The subject reservoir known for high rock stresses and varying local formation dip angles posed a challenge to maintain the well on the desired trajectory due to unpredictable changes in the BHA tendency. Rotary steerable system (RSS) automation through the use of closed loop and cruise control features helped minimize human intervention. These features enable the RSS to automatically react and change downhole settings to track target inclination.
This paper discusses the planning, design and execution of the subject well, in addition to the added value and resulting improvement in reservoir sweeping efficiency.
New Type of Oilfield Drill Bit Produces New Levels of Performance in Large Diameter Intervals
Authors: Beaton Tim , Wong Alex , Isnor Sid , Herman J. J. , Marley Ryan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Drill bit performance has a direct connection with the economics of drilling a well. While there have been impressive advances in both PDC and roller-cone drill bits over the previous decades, the rate of improvement has declined in recent years. New drill bit technologies are required in order to regain the pace of performance improvement, especially in large hole sizes.
Traditional development cycles for novel drill bit technologies tend to be lengthy, with new products reaching commercialization after close to a decade, or more, of R&D. Critical new technologies are typically only developed by the largest oilfield service companies in the industry, which contributes to the pace of development. In order to deliver enhanced performance to the industry in months instead of years, an entirely new approach is required. As a response to this situation, a unique process has been created and implemented which has allowed a brand new type of oilfield drill bit to be commercialized within one year of the initial concept.
This paper will discuss the performance of a new type of oilfield drill bit that has proven to reduce operating costs in large hole diameter intervals. This new type of drill bit has a novel hybrid cutting structure with both rotating, gouging inserts and shearing PDC cutters. This unique cutting mechanism has demonstrated improved performance compared to both PDC and roller-cone drill bits in hundreds of applications. The challenges associated with increasing drilling performance in large hole sizes are significantly different from intermediate and production intervals, and this paper will detail how those challenges are met by the new cutting structure. Worldwide, roller-cone bits have maintained a relatively large market share of sections that are 12-1/4″ diameter and larger due to their toughness, steerability and smooth drilling behavior compared to PDC bits. However, roller-cone bit performance is still limited by the durability of bearings, seals and teeth / inserts. The new hybrid gouging / shearing cutting mechanism provides similar performance benefits to roller-cone bits, such as excellent steerability, while providing durability superior to PDC bits.
The introduction of gouging cutting structures into fixed cutter drill bits is an active area of R&D in the industry. For more than a century, drill bits have failed rock via crushing (roller-cone bits), grinding or plowing (diamond impregnated / natural diamond bits), or shearing (PDC bits). The gouging mechanism displays unique characteristics compared to conventional methods, and initially appears to be more suitable to many drilling environments.