bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape heterogeneity reduces coyote predation on white‐tailed deer fawns
Authors: Gulsby William D. , Kilgo John C. , Vukovich Mark , Martin James A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCoyote (Canis latrans) predation on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns in southeastern North America has led to deer population declines in some areas. Research or management efforts initiated in response to coyote predation on fawns have primarily focused on implementation of reduced antlerless deer harvest or coyote control to mitigate population declines. Vegetation characteristics may influence coyote hunting efficiency, but the potential influence of land cover at large scales in the southeastern United States is underexplored. We investigated whether mortality risk was affected by landscape characteristics within fawn home ranges for a sample of 165 fawns on the United States Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, 2007–2012. We monitored fawns every 8 hours to ≥4 weeks of age and 1–3 times daily to 12 weeks of age. We included only surviving or coyote‐predated fawns in the dataset. The most supported model describing hazard ratios included the length of edge (i.e., area where 2 land cover types joined) in fawn home ranges. Probability of coyote predation increased 1.26 times for each 968‐m decrease in edge within a fawn's simulated home range (29.1‐ha circular buffer) under this model. Further, fawns with the least edge in their home ranges were >2 times more likely to be depredated by a coyote than fawns with the greatest edge availability. Support for other models was relatively low, but informative variables (e.g., mean patch fractal dimension, Shannon's diversity index, mean forest patch size) supported a general trend that as fawn home ranges became more homogeneous and contained larger patches with less edge and fewer cover types, predation risk increased. These findings are consistent with similar work in the midwestern United States, despite landscape differences between regions. The combined weight of evidence suggests maintenance of a heterogeneous landscape consisting of relatively small dispersed patches may reduce fawn losses to coyotes. This information may also be used to identify areas susceptible to greater fawn predation rates across large spatial scales. However, the relatively long forestry rotation lengths and large scale of consistent forest management on the SRS are uncommon in the southeastern United States and the mechanism for the pattern we observed is unclear. Therefore, our results may not be applicable to sites with different forest management practices. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Aggregation‐induced Emission Carbohydrate Polymers
Authors: Liu Meiying , Gao Peng , Wan Qing , Deng Fengjie , Wei Yen , Zhang Xiaoyong 
Published: March 2017

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is an abnormal phenomenon that has sparked great attention for diverse applications in different fields. In particular, the fabrication and biological imaging applications of AIE‐active fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) have become a focus in the emerging and promising fields. A large number of AIE‐active polymeric nanoprobes have recently been fabricated through different strategies. The advances and progress in this direction have also recently been summarized by some groups. However, the fabrication and biomedical applications of AIE‐active FONs based on carbohydrate polymers and AIE‐active dyes are quite rare and limited. In this feature article, the recently reported AIE‐active FONs with different structures and applications based on AIE‐active dyes and carbohydrate polymers are highlighted, and the major current limitations and development tendencies are also discussed.
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Fractional anisotropy derived from the diffusion tensor distribution function boosts power to detect Alzheimer's disease deficits
Authors: Nir Talia M. , Jahanshad Neda , Villalon‐Reina Julio E. , Isaev Dmitry , Zavaliangos‐Petropulu Artemis , Zhan Liang , Leow Alex D. , Jack Clifford R. , Weiner Michael W. , Thompson Paul M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Diseaase Neuroimaginng Initiative (ADNI)
Published: March 2017

PurposeIn diffusion MRI (dMRI), fractional anisotropy derived from the single‐tensor model (FADTI) is the most widely used metric to characterize white matter (WM) microarchitecture, despite known limitations in regions with crossing fibers. Due to time constraints when scanning patients in clinical settings, high angular resolution diffusion imaging acquisition protocols, often used to overcome these limitations, are still rare in clinical population studies. However, the tensor distribution function (TDF) may be used to model multiple underlying fibers by representing the diffusion profile as a probabilistic mixture of tensors.MethodsWe compared the ability of standard FADTIand TDF‐derived FA (FATDF), calculated from a range of dMRI angular resolutions (41, 30, 15, and 7 gradient directions), to profile WM deficits in 251 individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and to detect associations with 1) Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, 2) Clinical Dementia Rating scores, and 3) average hippocampal volume.ResultsAcross angular resolutions and statistical tests, FATDFshowed larger effect sizes than FADTI, particularly in regions preferentially affected by Alzheimer's disease, and was less susceptible to crossing fiber anomalies.ConclusionThe TDF “corrected” form of FA may be a more sensitive and accurate alternative to the commonly used FADTI, even in clinical quality dMRI data. Magn Reson Med 78:2322–2333, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Early mixed T‐cell chimerism is predictive of pediatric AML or MDS relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Broglie Larisa , Helenowski Irene , Jennings Lawrence J. , Schafernak Kristian , Duerst Reggie , Schneiderman Jennifer , Tse William , Kletzel Morris , Chaudhury Sonali 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have dismal outcomes. Our ability to predict those at risk for relapse is limited. We examined chimerism trends post‐HCT in 63 children who underwent HCT for AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Mixed T‐cell chimerism at engraftment and absence of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) were associated with relapse (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Mixed T‐cell chimerism at engraftment was predictive in patients without cGVHD (P = 0.03). Patients with engraftment mixed T‐cell chimerism may warrant closer disease monitoring and consideration for early intervention.
Effects of nanoclays on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of microcellular thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Xin‐Chao , Geng Tie , Han Jian , Liu Chun‐Tai , Shen Chang‐Yu , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Yang Hsinjin Edwin 
Published: March 2017

Microcellular nanocomposite foams based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and organically modified layered clays were prepared via an efficient foaming method, microcellular injection molding (MIM). The morphology of the nanoclays was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the layered nanoclays in the nanocomposite foams achieved a well dispersed morphology within the cell walls due to the MIM foaming process. Postburn SEM images showed that TPU/NC10 foam (with 10 wt% nanoclay) was able to maintain its foam porosity, original shape, and microcellular structure due to the synergistic effects of its microcellular structure and the fully dispersed nanoclays. Thermal stability and flame resistance were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimetry, respectively. TGA results indicated that the nanocomposite foams had a significant decline in the thermal degradation rate compared to the unfilled TPU/NR foam. The flame resistance tests showed that the heat release capacity (HRC) of TPU/NC10 foams was substantially lower (27% lower) than that of the unfilled TPU/NR foam. The char yield of the TPU/NC10 foam was 19.14%, which was almost 18 times higher than that of the unfilled TPU/NR foam. With the presence of the microcellular structure, the HRC values decreased from 266.8 J/g k for solid TPU/NC10 to 235.5 J/g k for TPU/NC10 foams. This work combines two flame retardant mechanisms—the thermal barrier effect of the nanoclay layers and the microcellular self‐intumescing system—in the nanocomposite foams. Our study also provides substantial motivation to produce novel, environmentally‐benign, and flame‐retardant TPU foam using microcellular injection molding. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1429–E1440, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photocleavable and tunable thermoresponsive amphiphilic random copolymer: Self‐assembly into micelles, dye encapsulation, and triggered release
Authors: Jana Somdeb , Bose Avijit , Saha Anupam , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA double‐responsive amphiphilic random copolymer (P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐PNBA) composed of thermoresponsive poly(oligo(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)acrylate) (P(OEtOxA)) segments and photocleavable poly(2‐nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) segments is synthesized via combination of cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques. The P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐PNBA copolymer exhibits lower critical solution (LCST)‐type soluble‐to‐turbid phase transition in water with tunable cloud point (Tcp) with respect to chain length of P(OEtOxA) segment present. The photocleavage of PNBA segments by UV irradiation transforms amphiphilic P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐PNBA to fully hydrophilic P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐poly(acrylic acid) resulting in the appreciable increase of Tcp of copolymer in aqueous solution. Owing to the amphiphilic nature, the P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐PNBA copolymer molecules self‐assemble into well‐dispersed spherical micelles in water. There is a disruption of the copolymer micelles with UV light irradiation as well as shrinkage of micellar size with increasing temperature above the LCST of copolymer in solution. Finally, the encapsulation of hydrophobic guest molecule (nile red) into P(OEtOxA)‐ran‐PNBA copolymer micelles and thermo‐ and photo‐triggered release of nile red are demonstrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1714–1729
Effect of ventilator mode on patient‐ventilator synchrony and work of breathing in neonatal pigs
Authors: Wood Shayna M. , Thurman Tracy L. , Holt Shirley J. , Bai Shasha , Heulitt Mark J. , Courtney Sherry E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatient‐ventilator asynchrony can result in increased work of breathing (WOB) and need for increased sedation, as well as respiratory muscle fatigue and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Different ventilator modes may result in varying degrees of asynchrony and WOB.OBJECTIVEThe objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of asynchrony and the effect of asynchrony on WOB in three modes of ventilation: pressure regulated volume control (PRVC), synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation/volume control plus pressure support (SIMV/VC plus PS), and SIMV/PRVC plus PS.METHODSTen piglets (2.1 ± 0.3 kg) were studied, each in the healthy and surfactant‐depleted, lung‐injured state. Piglets were sedated, intubated, and ventilated with the three modes of ventilation randomly applied. Piglets then underwent surfactant washout, after which the lungs were re‐recruited, and the modes of ventilation were repeated. Airway flow and pressure waveforms were acquired via pneumotachograph. Waveforms were analyzed for patient‐ventilator asynchrony and pressure time product (PTP) as an estimate of patient WOB.RESULTS SIMV/VC plus PS had the highest incidence of asynchrony. The incidence of asynchrony was less in the injured lung. PTP (cm H2O*S) was increased for SIMV/VC plus PS (healthy 0.10 ± 0.12; injured 0.15 ± 0.13) compared to PRVC (healthy 0.05 ± 0.05; injured 0.06 ± 0.03), (P < 0.03) in both the healthy and injured lung models.CONCLUSIONSAsynchrony and WOB are highest with SIMV/VC plus PS. If SIMV is utilized, SIMV/PRVC plus a PS that optimizes tidal volume may be preferable. PRVC has the least asynchrony and WOB in the injured lung.
Physical vapor deposition of methylammonium tin iodide thin films
Authors: Arend Thomas R. , Tönnies Marc , Reisbeck Patrick , Rieckmann Christopher J. P. , Kersting Roland 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMethylammonium tin halides have been identified as a substitute for the lead‐based perovskites in photovoltaic devices. We report the fabrication of CH3 NH3 SnI3 thin films using physical vapor deposition. The periodic deposition of SnI2 and CH3 NH3 I yields thin films that homogeneously cover areas as large as 100 cm2. The microscopic homogeneity of the layers causes a metallic reflectivity. Photoluminescence studies indicate that the density of states is inhomogeneously broadened. The films are stable as long as contact with air is avoided. Light‐induced degradation is marginal, even up to illumination levels that approach the dose expected for future photovoltaic devices.Image of a branch with leaves reflected by a 10 cm10 cm MASnI3 layer, which illustrates the achieved surface quality.
Epistemic Practices of Engineering for Education
Authors: CUNNINGHAM CHRISTINE M. , KELLY GREGORY J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTEngineering offers new educational opportunities for students, yet also poses challenges about how to conceptualize the disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and science and engineering practices of the disciplinary fields of engineering. In this paper, we draw from empirical studies of engineering in professional and school settings to propose a set of epistemic practices of engineering that can inform curriculum development, teacher education, and research in science and engineering education. We examine the ways that these practices emerge from the work of engineering and serve to guide problem solving across a range of engineering fields. The proposed epistemic practices for education take into consideration social contexts of engineering, the salience of evidence for decision making, the types of tools and strategies used to construct knowledge, and need for creativity and innovation. The article concludes with suggestions for research in engineering education.
Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazoles via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of α‐Diazo‐β‐ketophosphonates, Sufones and Esters with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Baiju T. V. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of diazo compounds with olefinic substrates is a promising atom‐economic strategy for the construction of functionalized pyrazoles. Over the last few years, our group has been engaged in the synthesis of phosphonyl/sulfonylpyrazoles and pyrazole esters by employing Bestmann‐Ohira Reagent (BOR) and its sulfur and ester analogs as 1,3‐dipole precursors with various dipolarophiles. This account describes the novel synthetic methods developed in our laboratory, in the perspective of closely related work by others, for the synthesis of phosphonyl/sulfonylpyrazoles, pyrazole esters and the total synthesis of Withasomnine, a natural product, by using 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition as the key step.
Ameliorative effect of sansoninto on sleep disturbance and spatial memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease rat model
Authors: Moriyama Hiroshi , Watanabe Takuya , Takasaki Kotaro , Nagao Masaki , Kubota Kaori , Katsurabayashi Shutaro , Egashira Nobuaki , Iwasaki Katsunori 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a high incidence of sleep disturbance, and several studies have reported that sansoninto (SNT), a Kampo medicine, ameliorates sleep disturbance. The effects of SNT on sleep disturbance and spatial memory impairment, however, have not been investigated in animal models of AD, therefore the aim of the current study was to carry out these investigations using a rat AD model.MethodsCombined cerebral ischemia and intracerebroventricular injections of aggregated beta‐amyloid were used to induce a rat model of AD. The quantity and quality of sleep in these rats were determined on electroencephalography and electromyography. Spatial memory impairment was examined using the water maze task. Triazolam, a hypnotic, and donepezil, approved for treating AD, were used as positive controls.ResultsCompared with sham‐operated rats, the AD model rats had decreased total non‐rapid eye movement sleep time, more frequent nocturnal awakening in the light phase, and poorer quality of non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep on electroencephalography and electromyography. The AD rats also took longer than sham‐operated rats to pass the platform area in the water maze retention test. Oral SNT 1000 mg/kg improved those impairments.Conclusion
SNT ameliorated not only the abnormal non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep structure but also the spatial memory impairment observed in a rat model of AD.
Pan evaporation paradox and evaporative demand from the past to the future over China: a review
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhang Jie , Sun Fubao , Liu Wenbin 
Published: March 2017

In a warming climate, there was a long‐term expectation that the atmospheric evaporative demand would increase, which was challenged by an unexpected discovery two decades ago of decreases in measured pan evaporation, now widely termed as the ‘pan evaporation paradox.’ In this review, we summarize recent reports on the pan evaporation paradox around the world over the past half century, possible causes, implications for the water cycle, and its possible change in the future. We then present a case study of China based on the latest meteorological datasets and the state‐of‐the‐art General Circulation Models (GCMs). We confirm that pan evaporation (Epan) decreases in most parts of China at an average of about −2.60 mm/y2, and this decrease disappears around 1993. We introduce and develop a detrending approach in sensitivity analysis and find that changes in solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity overcompensate the positive contribution of increasing air temperature in Epan and lead to the well‐known pan evaporation paradox. Positive changes in Epan using 12 state‐of‐the‐art GCMs for 2021–2050 and for 2071–2100 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, when compared with their corresponding multiyear mean over 1971–2000 as base line, shows that the evaporation paradox would not appear in the future. We highlight that it is vital and promising to move forward to interpreting how the atmospheric evaporative demand would change in the future. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1207. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1207This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Embedding carbon impact assessment in multi-criteria supplier segmentation using ELECTRE TRI-rC
Authors: Rezaei Jafar , Kadziński Miłosz , Vana Chrysoula , Tavasszy Lori 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in green supply chain management, which integrates environmental thinking into supply chain management. Assessing a supplier’s potential for improvement is very important when an organization wants to achieve certain environmental targets concerning their supply base, taking into account the limited resources available. In this paper, incorporating environmental evaluation criteria into a comprehensive supplier segmentation approach called ‘supplier potential matrix’ (SPM), a green supplier segmentation is proposed to segment the suppliers. Two overarching dimensions—supplier’s capabilities and supplier’s willingness—are used to evaluate the supplier’s green potential. The two dimensions are measured by multiple criteria. A sorting method called ELECTRE TRI-rC is used to solve the resulted multi-criteria decision-making problem. In order to make a more meaningful distinction, a simple method is also proposed to assess the suppliers with respect to the carbon footprint of the raw materials they supply. The results of this assessment are combined with the ones of the SPM, resulting in a more useful segmentation. The proposed model is applied to a sample containing the suppliers of a large international company.
Parenting and youth sexual risk in context: The role of community factors
Authors: Goodrum Nada M. , Armistead Lisa P. , Tully Erin C. , Cook Sarah L. , Skinner Donald 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBlack South African youth are disproportionately affected by HIV, and risky sexual behaviors increase youths' vulnerability to infection. U.S.‐based research has highlighted several contextual influences on sexual risk, but these processes have not been examined in a South African context. In a convenience sample of Black South African caregivers and their 10‐14‐year‐old youth (Mage = 11.7,SD = 1.4; 52.5% female), we examined the relation between parenting and youth sexual risk within the context of community‐level processes, including neighborhood quality and maternal social support. Hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that better neighborhood quality and more social support predicted positive parenting, which in turn predicted less youth sexual risk. There was a significant indirect effect from neighborhood quality to youth sexual risk via parenting. Results highlight the importance of the community context in parenting and youth sexual risk in this understudied sample. HIV prevention‐interventions should be informed by these contextual factors.
Development of rostral inferior parietal lobule area functional connectivity from late childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Wang Mengxing , Zhang Jilei , Dong Guangheng , Zhang Hui , Lu Haifeng , Du Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough the mirror neuron system (MNS) has been extensively studied in monkeys and adult humans, very little is known about its development. Previous studies suggest that the MNS is present by infancy and that the brain and MNS‐related cognitive abilities (such as language, empathy, and imitation learning) continue to develop after childhood. In humans, the PFt area of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) seems to particularly correlate with the functional properties of the PF area in primates, which contains mirror neurons. However, little is known about the functional connectivity (FC) of the PFt area with other brain areas and whether these networks change over time. Here, we investigated the FC development of the PFt area‐based network in 59 healthy subjects aged 7–26 years at resting‐state to study brain development from late childhood through adolescence to early adulthood. The bilateral PFt showed similar core FC networks, which included the frontal lobe, the cingulate gyri, the insula, the somatosensory cortex, the precuneus, the superior and inferior parietal lobules, the temporal lobe, and the cerebellum posterior lobes. Furthermore, the FC between the left PFt and the left IPL exhibited a significantly positive correlation with age, and the FC between the left PFt and the right postcentral gyrus exhibited a significantly negative correlation with age. In addition, the FC between the right PFt and the right putamen exhibited a significantly negative correlation with age. Our findings suggest that the PFt area‐based network develops and is reorganized with age.