bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D contributes to mast cell stabilization
Authors: Liu Z.‐Q. , Li X.‐X. , Qiu S.‐Q. , Yu Y. , Li M.‐G. , Yang L.‐T. , Li L.‐J. , Wang S. , Zheng P.‐Y. , Liu Z.‐G. , Yang P.‐C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsMast cells are the major effector cells in allergic disorders and many other informatory disorders. The mechanism of mast cell stabilization is not fully understood. Cumulative reports indicate that vitamin D (VitD) contributes to the homeostasis in the body. This study tests a hypothesis that VitD is required in the maintenance of the stability of mast cells.MethodsThe stability of mast cell lines, HMC1 cells, RBL‐2H3 cells, p815 cells, and mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC) was tested in the presence or absence of VitD3.ResultsMast cells activated automatically in a VitD‐deficient environment. Exposure to calcitriol in the culture increased the expression of VitD receptor (VDR) in mast cells. VDR formed complexes with Lyn in mast cells to inhibit the binding of Lyn to the β chain of FcεRI and MyD88, which decreased the phosphorylation of Syk, decreased the levels of MAPK and NF‐κB. VDR bound to the promoter of TNF‐α to decrease the acetylation of histone H3/H4, RNA polymerase II and OCT1 (a transcription factor of TNF‐α) at the promoter locus and repressed the expression of TNF‐α in mast cells.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate that VitD is required to maintain the stability of mast cells. The deficiency of VitD results in mast cell activation.
Difficult tracheal tube passage and subglottic airway injury during intubation with the GlideScope® videolaryngoscope: a randomised, controlled comparison of three tracheal tubes
Authors: Su K. , Gao X. , Xue F.‐S. , Ding G.‐N. , Zhang Y. , Tian M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDifficulty during placement of the tracheal tube is a known problem when intubating with the GlideScope®, which may lead to subglottic airway injury. This randomised, controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the resistance to passage of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), reinforced or BlockBuster tracheal tubes during intubation with the GlideScope. Secondary outcomes included the time taken to intubate and assessment of subglottic airway injury. One‐hundred and seventy‐seven patients were included in the data analysis. There was difficult tracheal tube passage (moderate or severe resistance) in 15 (21.4%) patients using the PVC tube compared with 4 (7.4%) and 1 (1.9%) using the reinforced and BlockBuster tubes, respectively (p = 0.003 for PVC vs. BlockBuster). The median (IQR [range]) time taken to intubate was 35 (27–45 [15–115]) s, 25 (20–27 [15–110]) s and 25 (22–30 [16–90]) s, respectively, (p < 0.001 for PVC vs. reinforced as well as PVC vs. BlockBuster). Subglottic airway injury, assessed using a fibreoptic bronchoscope after extubation, was higher with the PVC tube (p < 0.001) and the reinforced tube (p = 0.012) compared with the BlockBuster tube. We conclude that the BlockBuster tracheal tube is a better choice for orotracheal intubation with the GlideScope than PVC or reinforced tubes.
International consensus statement on the peri‐operative management of anaemia and iron deficiency
Authors: Muñoz M. , Acheson A. G. , Auerbach M. , Besser M. , Habler O. , Kehlet H. , Liumbruno G. M. , Lasocki S. , Meybohm P. , Rao Baikady R. , Richards T. , Shander A. , So‐Osman C. , Spahn D. R. , Klein A. A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDespite current recommendations on the management of pre‐operative anaemia, there is no pragmatic guidance for the diagnosis and management of anaemia and iron deficiency in surgical patients. A number of experienced researchers and clinicians took part in an expert workshop and developed the following consensus statement. After presentation of our own research data and local policies and procedures, appropriate relevant literature was reviewed and discussed. We developed a series of best‐practice and evidence‐based statements to advise on patient care with respect to anaemia and iron deficiency in the peri‐operative period. These statements include: a diagnostic approach for anaemia and iron deficiency in surgical patients; identification of patients appropriate for treatment; and advice on practical management and follow‐up. We urge anaesthetists and peri‐operative physicians to embrace these recommendations, and hospital administrators to enable implementation of these concepts by allocating adequate resources.
Histological and clinical evaluation of the hard palate mucous membrane graft for treatment of lower eyelid retraction
Authors: Larsen Sofie D.H. , Heegaard Steffen , Toft Peter B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the histological appearances of the epithelial cells and the clinical effect of the hard palate mucous membrane (HPM) graft for the treatment of lower eyelid retraction (LER).MethodsThis was a follow‐up study involving 15 patients, with a total of 16 eyes operated. Five patients had LER as a result of Graves' ophthalmopathy and/or inferior rectus recession, six patients because of wearing an eye prosthesis, two patients because of previous tumour excision, one patient because of proptosis due to sphenoid wing meningioma and one patient because of previous lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Three imprint biopsies were taken from each patient, one from the tarsal conjunctiva in the healthy eye, one from the graft in the operated eye and one from unoperated hard palate. The inferior scleral show was measured on pre‐ and postoperative photographs and related to the horizontal corneal diameter.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 21.2 [range 4.5–87.9] months. Imprints from the graft and the hard palate showed equally large epithelial cells; imprints from conjunctiva showed small epithelial cells. The mean (±SD) scleral show was 0.12 ± 0.09 cornea diameter before surgery and 0.0003 ± 0.08 cornea diameter at invited follow‐up (p < 0.001, paired t‐test). Corrected for direction of gaze, the mean improvement in scleral show was 0.12 ± 0.08 cornea diameter. Thirteen of 14 patients were satisfied with the final result.ConclusionA HPM graft for LER maintains its native epithelial morphology and gives a lasting improvement in most patients.
Prediction of serum theophylline concentrations and cytochrome P450 1A2 activity by analyzing urinary metabolites in preterm infants
Authors: Sohn Jin A , Kim Han‐Suk , Oh Jaeseong , Cho Joo‐Youn , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee Juyoung , Shin Seung Han , Lee Jin A , Choi Chang Won , Kim Ee‐Kyung , Kim Beyong Il , Park Eun Ae 
Published: December 2016

AimsThe purpose of this study was to explore clinical markers reflecting developmental changes in drug clearance by preterm infants.MethodsPreterm infants administered aminophylline or theophylline to treat apnoea of prematurity were enrolled in this study. Trough and one of 2 h, 4 h or 6 h post‐dose blood samples and urine samples were collected during steady state, to determine the concentrations of theophylline and its targeted metabolites. CYP1A2*1C and CYP1A2*1F genotypes were analyzed. Total, renal and nonrenal clearances of theophylline were calculated, and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity was obtained from the ratio of 1‐methyluric acid and 3‐methylxanthine to theophylline in urine. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between theophylline clearance and the clinical characteristics of preterm infants.ResultsA total of 152 samples from 104 preterm infants were analyzed. A strong association between the serum trough and urine theophylline concentrations was found (P < 0.001). Total, renal and nonrenal clearances of theophylline were 0.50 ± 0.29 ml kg−1 min−1, 0.16 ± 0.06 ml kg−1 min−1 and 0.34 ± 0.28 ml kg−1 min−1, respectively. CYP1A2 activity correlated positively with the postnatal age and postmenstrual age. However, CYP1A2 genotype was not associated with CYP1A2 activity, which was significantly associated with nonrenal clearance. CYP1A2 activity, postnatal age , weight and 24‐h urine output were significantly associated with total theophylline clearance.ConclusionsCYP1A2 activity can be monitored using noninvasive random urine samples, and it can be used to assess developmental changes in theophylline clearance by preterm infants.
Anticholinergic Exposure in a Cohort of Adults Aged 80 years and Over
Authors: Wauters Maarten , Klamer Therese , Elseviers Monique , Vaes Bert , Dalleur Olivia , Degryse Jan , Durán Carlos , Christiaens Thierry , Azermai Majda , Vander Stichele Robert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAnticholinergics are frequently prescribed for older adults and can lead to adverse drug events. The novel MARANTE (Muscarinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor ANTagonist Exposure) scale measures the anticholinergic exposure by incorporating potency and dosages of each medication into its calculations. The aims were to assess prevalence and intensity of the anticholinergic exposure in a longitudinal cohort study of community‐dwelling patients aged 80 years and over (n = 503) and to study the impact on mortality and hospitalization. Chronic medication use at baseline (November 2008–September 2009) was entered and codified with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Time‐to‐event analysis until first hospitalization or death was performed at 18 months after inclusion, using Kaplan–Meier curves. Cox regression was performed to control for covariates. Mean age was 84 years (range 80–102), and mean number of medications was 5 (range 0–16). Prevalence of anticholinergic use was 31.8%, with 9% taking ≥2 anticholinergics (range 0–4). Main indications for anticholinergics were depression, pain and gastric dysfunction. Female gender, the level of multi‐morbidity and the number of medications were associated with anticholinergic use. Mortality and hospitalization rate were 8.9% and 31.0%, respectively. After adjustment for the level of multi‐morbidity and medication intake, multi‐variable analysis showed increased risks of mortality (HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.07–4.78) and hospitalization (HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.13–2.59) in those with high anticholinergic exposure. The longitudinal study among Belgian community‐dwelling oldest old demonstrated great anticholinergic exposure, which was associated with increased risk of mortality and hospitalization after 18 months.
An investigation of mental imagery in bipolar disorder: Exploring “the mind's eye”
Authors: Di Simplicio Martina , Renner Fritz , Blackwell Simon E , Mitchell Heather , Stratford Hannah J , Watson Peter , Myers Nick , Nobre Anna C , Lau‐Zhu Alex , Holmes Emily A 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesMental imagery abnormalities occur across psychopathologies and are hypothesized to drive emotional difficulties in bipolar disorder (BD). A comprehensive assessment of mental imagery in BD is lacking. We aimed to test whether (i) mental imagery abnormalities (abnormalities in cognitive stages and subjective domains) occur in BD relative to non‐clinical controls; and (ii) to determine the specificity of any abnormalities in BD relative to depression and anxiety disorders.MethodsParticipants included 54 subjects in the BD group (depressed/euthymic; n=27 in each subgroup), subjects with unipolar depression (n=26), subjects with anxiety disorders (n=25), and non‐clinical controls (n=27) matched for age, gender, ethnicity, education, and premorbid IQ. Experimental tasks assessed cognitive (non‐emotional) measures of mental imagery (cognitive stages). Questionnaires, experimental tasks, and a phenomenological interview assessed subjective domains including spontaneous imagery use, interpretation bias, and emotional mental imagery.Results(i) Compared to non‐clinical controls, the BD combined group reported a greater impact of intrusive prospective imagery in daily life, more vivid and “real” negative images (prospective imagery task), and higher self‐involvement (picture‐word task). The BD combined group showed no clear abnormalities in cognitive stages of mental imagery. (ii) When depressed individuals with BD were compared to the depressed or anxious clinical control groups, no significant differences remained—across all groups, imagery differences were associated with affective lability and anxiety.ConclusionsCompared to non‐clinical controls, BD is characterized by abnormalities in aspects of emotional mental imagery within the context of otherwise normal cognitive aspects. When matched for depression and anxiety, these abnormalities are not specific to BD—rather, imagery may reflect a transdiagnostic marker of emotional psychopathology.
Association of adipocyte enhancer‐binding protein 1 with Alzheimer's disease pathology in human hippocampi
Authors: Shijo Masahiro , Honda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Hamasaki Hideomi , Hokama Masaaki , Abolhassani Nona , Nakabeppu Yusaku , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Kitazono Takanari , Iwaki Toru 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAdipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) activates inflammatory responses via the NF‐κB pathway in macrophages and regulates adipogenesis in preadipocytes. Up‐regulation of AEBP1 in the hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been revealed by microarray analyses of autopsied brains from the Japanese general population (the Hisayama study). In this study, we compared the expression patterns of AEBP1 in normal and AD brains, including in the hippocampus, using immunohistochemistry. The subjects were 24 AD cases and 52 non‐AD cases. Brain specimens were immunostained with antibodies against AEBP1, tau protein, amyloid β protein, NF‐κB, GFAP and Iba‐1. In normal brains, AEBP1 immunoreactivity mainly localized to the perikarya of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and its expression was elevated in the pyramidal neurons and some astrocytes in AD hippocampi. Although AEBP1 immunoreactivity was almost absent in neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles, AEBP1 was highly expressed in neurons with pretangles and in the tau‐immunopositive, dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. Nuclear localization of NF‐κB was also observed in certain AEBP1‐positive neurons in AD cases. Comparison of AD and non‐AD cases suggested a positive correlation between the expression level of AEBP1 and the degree of amyloid β pathology. These findings imply that AEBP1 protein has a role in the progression of AD pathology.
Putting physical environments in their place: The next chapter?
Authors: Gregory Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2016

The content of two books by Kenneth Gregory on the nature of physical geography, published in 1985 and 2000 provides a basis from which to consider changing priorities and, in the light of recent developments, to speculate about what additional chapter might be appropriate in 2016. It is suggested that physical environment, always a part of physical geography, characterized using techniques recently available, could be the subject for such a further chapter. This is already being anticipated by enhancements of existing techniques, by utilization of new methods, and by application of novel integrating concepts. A general integrated, holistic model that is more place located is required, and should be formulated so that it can be adapted for specific places and characterized in ways to indicate sensitivity, stressors, or risk factors. This model with cultural overlay needs to be positioned in space and time to focus on how it has arisen. Such a model could provide the basis for enquiries about whether it is optimal, how it could be improved, sustainably restored, and designed. It could be used for analyzing potential results of climate change and would put physical environment in its place within physical geography.Positionner les environnements physiques au bon endroit : est‐ce le prochain chapitre ?Kenneth Gregory a fait paraître, en 1985 et 2000, deux ouvrages portant sur la géographie physique, lesquels forment une assise sur laquelle on peut aborder le changement des priorités et, à la lumière de l'évolution récente, spéculer sur le prochain chapitre pouvant convenir en 2016. Il est proposé que l'environnement physique, en tant que composante de la géographie physique qui est décrite à l'aide de techniques mises au point récemment, pourrait faire l'objet d'un nouveau chapitre. Ceci est déjà envisagé grâce aux améliorations apportées aux techniques existantes, à l'utilisation de nouvelles méthodes et au déploiement de nouveaux concepts intégrateurs. Il est nécessaire de concevoir un modèle général, intégré et holistique qui soit davantage axé sur le lieu afin d'être adaptable à des lieux particuliers et de montrer les facteurs de sensibilité, de stress, ou de risque. Ce modèle est doté d'une couche culturelle et doit se positionner dans l'espace et le temps afin de mettre l'accent sur son émergence. Un tel modèle servirait d'assise aux études visant à établir s'il est optimal et comment il peut être amélioré, durablement restauré et conçu. Il pourrait être utilisé dans l'optique d'analyser les répercussions possibles des changements climatiques et permettrait de positionner l'environnement physique au bon endroit au sein de la géographie physique.
New 3‐alkylpyridine marine alkaloid analogues as promising antitumor agents against the CD44+/high/CD24−/low subset of triple‐negative breast cancer cell line
Authors: de Lima Aline Brito , Barbosa Camila de Souza , Gonçalves Alessandra Mirtes Marques Neves , Santos Fabio Vieira dos , Viana Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro , Varotti Fernando de Pilla , Silva Luciana Maria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in women. Additionally, presence of residual cancer stem cells (CSC) in TNBC has challenged the efficacy of chemotherapy. Thus, the development of new molecules with potential action against CSC is fundamental. In this study, six synthetic analogues of theonelladin C, a 3‐alkylpyridine marine alkaloid, were tested for cytotoxic activity against human TNBC cell line (BT‐549) and tumorspheres derived from BT‐549. Cytotoxicity assay was performed by sulforhodamine B (SRB). BT‐549 and tumorspheres were examined for CD44+/high/CD24−/low markers, indicative of CSC profile, by flow cytometry. Clonogenic assay was performed to verify inhibiting growth of tumorspheres by the synthetic analogues. Cell death by apoptosis was investigated employing annexin V assay. SRB assay on BT‐549 cells revealed that compounds 1c and 2c were the most active of the series, with IC50 values of 18.66 and 9.8 μm, respectively. Compounds 1c and 2c were able to reduce both CSC‐like population (CD44+/high/CD24−/low) and non‐CSC population (CD44+/high/CD24+/high) in tumorsphere model. Clonogenic and annexin V assays confirmed the ability of 1c and 2c to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in BT‐549 cells and tumorspheres. These preliminary data indicate that these compounds are a promising class for development of anticancer agents.
Prognostic impact of the length of the longitudinal resection margin in colon cancer
Authors: Lee S. Y. , Kim C. H. , Kim Y. J. , Kim H. R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimAlthough several guidelines recommend a longitudinal resection margin (LRM) of at least 5 cm, the impact of the LRM on survival is still unknown. The study assessed the prognostic significance of the LRM in patients with colon cancer.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed 1343 primary colon cancer patients without distant metastasis who underwent curative resection between January 2004 and December 2012. Patients were classified into three groups: LRM < 3 cm (n = 186), LRM ≥ 3 and <5 cm (n = 376) and LRM ≥5 cm (n = 781). Clinicopathological characteristics and the oncological outcome in the three groups were compared.ResultsThe median LRM length was 5.0 cm (range 0.5–26.0 cm). With increasing LRM, the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs) tended to increase (19.5 ± 12.0, 22.1 ± 12.8 and 30.0 ± 16.2; P < 0.001). After a median follow‐up period of 45 (1–128) months, 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) (89.2%, 89.0% and 87.0%; P = 0.629) and 5‐year overall survival (OS) (89.0%, 92.1% and 91.8%; P = 0.679) were not significantly different between the three groups. When confounders were adjusted, LRM was not significantly associated with either DFS or OS, but the number of retrieved LNs (< 12) was an independent risk factor for both DFS (hazard ratio 1.748, 95% confidence interval 1.048–2.917) and OS (hazard ratio 1.929, 95% confidence interval 1.046–3.559).ConclusionLRM was not associated with oncological outcome, but care should be taken to obtain an adequate number of LNs for better survival.
Anastomotic stenosis after coloanal, colorectal and ileoanal anastomosis: what is the best management?
Authors: Kraenzler A. , Maggiori L. , Pittet O. , Alyami M. S. , Prost à la Denise J. , Panis Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the results of treatment for colorectal (CRA), coloanal (CAA) or ileal pouch–anal (IPAA) anastomotic stenosis (AS).MethodAll patients operated on for AS from 1995 to 2014 were included. Success was defined as the absence of an additional surgical procedure for AS during 12 months after the last procedure and the absence of a stoma at the end of follow‐up.ResultsFifty consecutive patients presenting with AS after CRA (n = 16, 32%), CAA (n = 18, 36%) or IPAA (n = 16, 32%), performed for colorectal cancer (n = 28, 56%), familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 5, 10%), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 8, 16%), diverticulitis (n = 4, 8%), benign colorectal neoplasia (n = 3, 6%) or other (n = 2, 4%) underwent a total of 99 procedures including digital (n = 14, 14%), instrumental (n = 38, 38%) or endoscopic dilatation (n = 5, 5%), transanal AS stricturoplasty (n = 9, 10%), transanal circular stapler resection (n = 11, 11%) or transabdominal redo‐anastomosis (n = 22, 22%). Overall the per‐procedure success rate was 53% (52/99). Success rates were 36% (5/14) for digital dilatation, 40% (15/38) for instrumental dilatation, 20% (1/5) for endoscopic dilatation, 64% (7/11) for circular stapler resection, 89% (8/9) for stricturoplasty and 73% (16/22) for transabdominal redo‐anastomosis. After a mean follow‐up of 46 months, 42/50 (84%) patients had treatment that was considered successful. Multivariate analysis identified redo‐anastomosis [OR = 5.1 (95% CI: 1.4–18.7), P = 0.003] as the only independent prognostic factor for success.ConclusionAS should be managed according to a step‐up strategy. Conservative procedures are associated with acceptable success rates. If these fail, transabdominal redo‐anastomosis is associated with the highest probability of success.