bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unruhige Kinder und pflanzliche Sedativa
Authors: Dorsch Walter 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungGesunde Kinder sind unruhig, aber die Toleranz gegenüber (unruhigen) Kindern ist sehr variabel, ebenso wie die Definition von „Unruhe“. Der behandelnde Arzt ist somit immer auch Familienarzt, der das System Familie systemisch mitbehandeln muss.In der Behandlung unruhiger Kinder spielen pflanzliche Arzneimittel eine wichtige, aber nicht die erste Rolle. Synthetischen Arzneimitteln sind sie wegen ihres durchwegs günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofils und ihrer schwächeren und deshalb besser steuerbaren Wirkung überlegen.Was hilft unruhigen Kindern? Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten pflanzlichen Sedativa und ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten.
Ein Dauerbrenner bei Kindern
Authors: Friese Karl-Heinz 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDie Otitis media kommt im Kindesalter sehr häufig vor, oft vergesellschaftet mit einem akuten Infekt der oberen Atemwege. Eine Antibiotika-Behandlung kann unter bestimmten Umständen notwendig sein, zum Beispiel, wenn sich die Symptome nicht nach 2–3 Tagen bessern. Eine homöopathische Erstbehandlung mit Aconitum napellus D 30 und anschließend Pulsatilla D 2 hilft bei etwa 80 % der Fälle.
Hörtestergebnisse bei 18- bis 20-jährigen Männern aus Kreiswehrersatzämtern von 2008–2010
Authors: Holube Inga , von Gablenz Petra , Schüssler Frank , Jacob Roland 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während eine mit dem Alter zunehmende Schwerhörigkeit im Hochtonbereich hinreichend belegt ist, sind das Ausmaß und die
Zunahme möglicher Schwerhörigkeiten bei jungen Menschen weiterhin unklar. Da in diesem Altersbereich ein hoher Anteil an Normalhörigkeit zu
erwarten ist, sind die Anforderungen an Screening-Methoden besonders hoch und die Motivation zur Teilnahme eher niedrig. Die verpflichtende
Musterung umfasst u. a. eine audiologische Hörprüfung (Tonaudiogramm) und bietet daher die Möglichkeit das Hörvermögen junger männlicher
Erwachsener zu analysieren.
Material und Methoden Die Prävalenz für Hörbeeinträchtigungen wurde anhand der Luftleitungshörschwellen 18- bis 20-jähriger Männer von
54 deutschen Kreiswehrersatzämtern (KWEA) der Jahre 2008–2010 bestimmt. Als Kriterium wurde die Überschreitung einer Hörschwelle von 20 dB
HL bei mindestens einer der Frequenzen 3, 4 oder 6 kHz auf mindestens einem Ohr verwendet. Diesem sehr strengen Kriterium wurden andere
Definitionen für Hörschäden vergleichend gegenübergestellt.
Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz von relevanten Hörschäden beträgt im Mittel 15,3 % und liegt damit im Bereich anderer Untersuchungen. Die
Ergebnisse einzelner KWEA unterscheiden sich jedoch um bis zu einem Faktor 10.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund stark schwankender Messqualität in den KWEA lässt sich nicht klären, ob regionale Unterschiede im
Hörvermögen junger Männer bestehen und ob sich dieses im Vergleich zu früheren Untersuchungen verschlechtert hat. Die hohe Variabilität bei
Messungen nahe der Hörschwelle erfordert eine ständige Qualitätskontrolle. Dabei können die Hörergebnisse im Screening nicht nach den
strengen Kriterien bewertet werden, die für Hörprüfungen in audiologischen Zentren oder Studien anzusetzen sind.
Die Begutachtung der Facialisparese in der österreichischen privaten Unfallversicherung
Authors: Kuchler Wolfgang Willibald 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungIn Westeuropa ist die periphere Facialisparese die häufigste Hirnnervenaffektion. Traumatisch bedingte Paresen weisen im Gegensatz zu
nichttraumatischen Paresen eine höhere Defektheilungsrate auf. Die anlagebedingte Form tritt als Bell’sche Lähmung oder in Kombination mit
anderen Pathologien, vor allem in Verbindung mit der Lyme’schen Erkrankung oder dem Zoster oticus, in Erscheinung. Die traumatische Parese
ist überwiegend unfallbedingt und fast immer vergesellschaftet mit multiplen anderen Verletzungsmustern. Anlagebedingte Formen haben im
Vergleich zur traumatischen Form eine niedrige Defektheilungsrate. Der Gutachter hat diese Defekte, so wie sie sich ihm aktuell bieten, zu
beurteilen, wobei auch prognostische Überlegungen einfließen sollten. Die österreichische private Unfallversicherung deckt das Risiko einer
unfallbedingten Verletzung. Dieser versicherungsrechtliche Unfallbegriff umfasst ein breites Spektrum von Verletzungsmustern sowie auch eine
durch Zeckenbiss verursachte Facialisparese. Primär stellt die österreichische private Unfallversicherung auf die erlittene unfallbedingte
Funktionsstörung ab. Trotzdem bietet sie auch eingeschränkt Deckung für ästhetische aus dem Unfall resultierende Folgen.
Fallbericht: Einsatz von Antibiotika bei Kindern mit Pneumonie
Authors: Martin David 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungEin 8-jähriger Junge mit Lobärpneumonie wurde stationär mit Anthroposophika, aber ohne Antipyretika oder Antibiotika behandelt. Der Verlauf wurde anhand sonografischer Kontrollen beurteilt. Auch vorangegangene akute Infektionen (Otitis mediaacutaperforata, Pneumonie, Angina tonsillaris) wurden ohne Antibiotika oder Antipyretika behandelt. Zur Behandlung einer Borreliose im Vorfeld erhielt der Junge jedoch Antibiotika. Folgende Punkte werden in dem Fallbericht unter anderem diskutiert: Vitamin-D-Mangel, antibiotische Behandlungen, Fieber und Fiebersenkung, sonografische Diagnosestellung und Verlaufskontrollen. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Rate von Antibiotika-Resistenzen soll dieser Fall zur Diskussion beitragen, wann Antibiotika notwendig sind und wann nicht.
Response Evaluation of Malignant Liver Lesions After TACE/SIRT: Comparison of Manual and Semi-Automatic Measurement of Different Response Criteria in Multislice CT
Authors: Höink Anna , Schülke Christoph , Koch Raphael , Löhnert Annika , Kammerer Sara , Fortkamp Rasmus , Heindel Walter , Buerke Boris 
Published: August 2017

Purpose To compare measurement precision and interobserver variability in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases in MSCT before and after transarterial local ablative therapies.
Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 72 patients with malignant liver lesions (42 metastases; 30 HCCs) before and after therapy (43 SIRT procedures; 29 TACE procedures). Established (LAD; SAD; WHO) and vitality-based parameters (mRECIST; mLAD; mSAD; EASL) were assessed manually and semi-automatically by two readers. The relative interobserver difference (RID) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated.
Results The median RID for vitality-based parameters was lower from semi-automatic than from manual measurement of mLAD (manual 12.5 %; semi-automatic 3.4 %), mSAD (manual 12.7 %; semi-automatic 5.7 %) and EASL (manual 10.4 %; semi-automatic 1.8 %). The difference in established parameters was not statistically noticeable (p > 0.05). The ICCs of LAD (manual 0.984; semi-automatic 0.982), SAD (manual 0.975; semi-automatic 0.958) and WHO (manual 0.984; semi-automatic 0.978) are high, both in manual and semi-automatic measurements. The ICCs of manual measurements of mLAD (0.897), mSAD (0.844) and EASL (0.875) are lower. This decrease cannot be found in semi-automatic measurements of mLAD (0.997), mSAD (0.992) and EASL (0.998).
Conclusion Vitality-based tumor measurements of HCC and metastases after transarterial local therapies should be performed semi-automatically due to greater measurement precision, thus increasing the reproducibility and in turn the reliability of therapeutic decisions.
Key points
Citation Format
Lipofuscin Accumulation in Cortisol-Producing Adenomas With and Without PRKACA Mutations
Authors: Angelousi Anna , Szarek Eva , Shram Vincent , Kebebew Electron , Quezado Martha , Stratakis Constantine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe adrenal cortex accumulates lipofuscin granules with age. Lipofuscin accumulation is also seen in adrenocortical tumors associated with Cushing syndrome (CS), particularly those with PRKAR1A mutations, such as in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). We investigated the presence of lipofuscin in cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs) responsible for CS with and without the PRKACA (pLeu206Arg) somatic mutation. Ten paraffin-embedded sections of CPAs from cases with overt CS with (n=4) and without (n=6) a PRKACA mutation were microscopically examined through three detection methods, the hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining, the Fontana Masson (FM) staining using light microscopy, and lipofuscin autofluorescence, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Sections were examined quantitatively according to the intensity of the pigmentation, as well as qualitatively based on the total number of granular pigments at all visual fields per tissue slide. Tissues from CPAs were compared to peritumoral adjacent tissues (n=5), to Conn adenomas (n=4), and PPNAD (n=3). CPAs had significantly higher number of lipofuscin-pigment granules compared to peritumoral adrenal tissue and Conn adenomas (46.9±9.5 vs. 3.8±4.8, p=0.0001). The presence of the PRKACA mutation did not increase the chances of pigmentation in the form of lipofuscin granules within CPAs associated with CS. Thus, all CPAs leading to CS accumulate lipofuscin, which presents like pigmentation sometimes seen macroscopically but always detected microscopically. PPNAD caused by PRKAR1A mutations is the best known adrenal lesion leading to CS associated with intense lipofuscin pigmentation and this was confirmed here; CPAs harboring PRKACA mutations did not have statistically significantly more pigmentation than CPAs without mutation, but a larger study might have shown a difference.
Therapeutische Optionen beim periprothetischen Infekt des Schultergelenks
Authors: Fink Bernd , Sevelda Florian 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungFür die Behandlung von periprothetischen Infektionen von Schulterendoprothesen existieren verschiedene therapeutische Konzepte. Bei akuten periprothetischen Infektionen kann das Implantat belassen werden, alle mobilen Teile (Inlay) sollten bei einem offenen Débridement gewechselt werden und Spülungen mit antibakteriellen Lösungen wie Octinedin oder Polyhexanid durchgeführt werden. Bei Spätinfektionen sind die therapeutischen Optionen nach der Entfernung des infizierten Implantats: Einlage eines permanent verbleibenden Spacers, die Resektionsarthroplastik, einzeitige und zweizeitige Wechsel mit und ohne temporären Spacer. Die funktionellen Ergebnisse sind beim einzeitigen Wechsel am besten und die Eradikationsrate vergleichbar mit derjenigen beim zweizeitigen Wechsel. Voraussetzung für den einzeitigen Wechsel ist die Identifizierung des Keimes, um zielgerichtete Antibiotika in den Zement beizumischen und systemisch zu verabreichen.
Kuckucksei im Nest
Authors: Bramhoff Heinz-Georg , Kämper Siegfried 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBei einem Seminar bietet der ärztliche Dozent den teilnehmenden Heilpraktikern an, ihnen ein verschreibungspflichtiges Injektionspräparat zur therapeutischen Nutzung zu verschreiben. Ebenso empfiehlt er seinen Seminarteilnehmern, nicht verschreibungspflichtige Trinkampullen derselben Firma parenteral als Beigabe zu Infusionen zu verabreichen. Als der Heilpraktiker Herr F. den Arzt konfrontiert, beharrt dieser auf der Rechtmäßigkeit seines Vorgehens und stützt sich dabei auf Aussagen des betroffenen Arzneimittelherstellers.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma super-enhancer–driven ETV6 correlates with prognosis
Authors: Ke Liangru , Zhou Hufeng , Wang Chong , Xiong Geng , Xiang Yanqun , Ling Yihong , Khabir Abdelmajid , Tsao George S. , Zeng Yixin , Zeng Musheng , Busson Pierre , Kieff Elliott , Guo Xiang , Zhao Bo 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Epigenetic alterations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are very frequent at the DNA level. Histone modifications are frequently altered in cancers. Because histone modifications are reversible, histone-modifying enzymes or other epigenetic regulators are ideal therapeutic targets, and drugs targeting these enzymes have been proven effective in cancer treatment. Understanding the NPC histone code provides unique insights into NPC pathogenesis and will likely contribute to the identification of unique therapeutics. Using genome-wide analyses of histone modifications, we generated an NPC epigenetic landscape and identified a key oncogene whose expression correlated with patient overall survival, suggesting that epigenetic profiling can effectively identify key oncogenic pathways. These studies provide proof-of-concept strategies for further characterization of the NPC epigenome on a larger scale.
A comparative political economy of regional migration and labour mobility in West and Southern Africa
Authors: Cross Hannah , Cliffe Lionel 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Based on a collaboration with the late Lionel Cliffe, this article suggests agendas and methods for analysing regional patterns of migration and labour mobility in Southern and West Africa. It locates local communities in regional patterns and global processes using two key organising concepts: first, the regionalisation of Africa, as outlined in Samir Amin’s work. The authors consider continuities and discontinuities with the paradigms of ‘Africa of the labour reserves’ and ‘Africa of the colonial trade economy’ to understand contemporary realities. Second, this article explores the mechanisms and characteristics of cheap labour on different scales of analysis. This includes a discussion of the theories that explored the relations of reproduction of labour, and the reproduction of the labour system as a whole. In doing so, it rethinks the modes of production discourse to highlight the continuing importance of situations where capitalism exists alongside non-capitalist relations of production and reproduction.
Prunus mume extract exerts antioxidant activities and suppressive effect of melanogenesis under the stimulation by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in B16-F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Pi KyungBae , Lee KiBeom 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the current study, we examined the antioxidant and skin-whitening properties of Prunus mume extract (PME). The ability of PME to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was investigated in vitro. At a concentration of 1000 μg/mL, PME neutralized &gt;45% free radical activity. Cell viability assessment with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that at concentrations &lt;1500 μg/mL, PME does not exert cytotoxic effects on murine B16 melanoma (B16) cells. Morphological analysis disclosed that melanin production is inhibited in B16 cells treated with 250 nM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and PME. We conclude that fruit extracts of P. mume exert a skin-whitening effect by inhibiting melanin production via regulation of melanogenesis-associated protein expression in melanocytes.
Real-time demultiplexing Nanopore barcoded sequencing data with npBarcode
Authors: Nguyen Son Hoang , Duarte Tania P S , Coin Lachlan J M , Cao Minh Duc 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The recent introduction of a barcoding protocol for Oxford Nanopore sequencing has increased the versatility of the technology. Several bioinformatics tools have been developed to demultiplex barcoded reads, but none of them supports streaming analysis. This limits the use of multiplexed sequencing in real-time applications, which is one of the main advantages of the technology.

Results
We introduced npBarcode, an open source and cross-platform tool for barcode demultiplexing in streaming fashion that can be used to pipe data to further real-time analyses. The tool also provides a friendly graphical user interface by integrating the module into npReader, making possible to monitor the progress concurrently when the sequencing is still in progress. We show that our algorithm achieves accuracies at least as good as competing tools.

Availability and implementation
npBarcode is bundled in Japsa—a Java tools kit for genome analysis, and is freely available at https://github.com/mdcao/japsa.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Causal drivers of Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) population dynamics on different time scales
Authors: Solvang Hiroko K , Subbey Sam , Frank Anna S J 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of marine populations are usually forced by biotic and abiotic factors occurring at different intensity levels and time scales. Deriving the time frame within which each factor has a causal influence is important for predicting population trajectories. This paper presents a statistical methodology for establishing (i) the strength of causal coupling between population dynamics and environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors, and (ii) the time scales over which causal covariates have significant influence on the population dynamics. The methodology is based on combining a multivariate autoregressive model fit to data (to determine causal direction) with a quantification of the RPC of covariates in frequency domain (to quantify the strength of connection). The methodology is applied to test the existence of causal coupling between the capelin biomass and a selected number of covariates identified in the literature.
Pension Privatisation: Benefits and Costs
Authors: Lurie Lilach 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
During the last 10 years, many OECD countries introduced reforms which included automatic enrolment or mandatory participation in privately managed pension schemes. The current article aims to reveal the benefits and costs of privately managed pension schemes. The article uses a study of pension schemes’ bylaws in Israel to study the degree to which the shift to privately operated DC schemes results in the transfer of risk from capital to labour and in the entrenchment of gender and income inequalities. The article shows that the shift of pension provision from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) entails a significant shift of risk from capital to labour. Moreover, separately from the DB to DC shift, moving from public management to private management increases employees’ pension risks. Lastly, the paper shows that the combination of the shifts from DB to DC and from public to private management involves a shift in governance, which exposes pension scheme members to a high likelihood of lower returns as well as to gender and income inequalities.
The Public Sector Equality Duty: Enforcing Equality Rights Through Second-Generation Regulation
Authors: Manfredi Simonetta , Vickers Lucy , Clayton-Hathway Kate 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article reviews the effectiveness of the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED), based on insights from debates within equality law and theories of regulation. Drawing on examples of its practical implementation, the strengths and weaknesses of the ‘reflexive turn’ in equality law are assessed. While recognising the concerns raised regarding second-generation regulation, such as its inability to address structural power relations, the article proposes that this form of regulation has some merit when applied to equality law. First, the participatory processes that it produces can in themselves be viewed as equality outcomes, particularly when equality is understood to encompass the participation and inclusion of vulnerable groups. Second, this form of regulation can introduce change within organisations, proving reasonably resilient once embedded in standards of good management practice. The paper does not suggest that the processes of the PSED cannot be improved and instead proposes a number of ways in which second-generation regulation can be made more effective. However, it argues that examples of the implementation of the PSED show how reflexive regulation can provide more effective and resilient means to support the realisation of equality and social justice than at first appears.
The Effect of an Interruption on Risk Decisions
Authors: Kupor Daniella M , Liu Wendy , Amir On 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInterruptions during consumer decision making are ubiquitous. In seven studies, we examine the consequences of a brief interruption during a financial risk decision. We identify a fundamental feature inherent in an interruption’s temporal structure—a repeat exposure to the decision stimuli—and find that this re-exposure reduces decision stimuli’s subjective novelty. This reduced novelty in turn reduces decision makers’ apprehension and increases the amount of risk they take in a wide range of risky financial decision contexts. Consistent with our theoretical framework, this interruption effect disappears when a stimulus’s subjective novelty is restored after an interruption. We further find that these consequences are often unique to interruptions are often do not result from other interventions (e.g., time pressure and elongated thinking); this is because an interruption’s unique temporal structure (which results in a repeat exposure to the decision stimuli) underlies its consequences. Our findings shed light on how and when interruptions during decision making can influence risk taking.
The relation between galaxy morphology and colour in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: Correa Camila A. , Schaye Joop , Clauwens Bart , Bower Richard G. , Crain Robert A. , Schaller Matthieu , Theuns Tom , Thob Adrien C. R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We investigate the relation between kinematic morphology, intrinsic colour and stellar mass of galaxies in the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We calculate the intrinsic u − r colours and measure the fraction of kinetic energy invested in ordered corotation of 3562 galaxies at z = 0 with stellar masses larger than 1010 M⊙. Inspection of gri-composite images suggests that the kinematic morphology is a useful proxy for visual morphology. EAGLE produces a galaxy population for which morphology is tightly correlated with the location in the colour–mass diagram, with the red sequence mostly populated by elliptical galaxies and the blue cloud by disc galaxies. Satellite galaxies are more likely to be on the red sequence than centrals, and for satellites the red sequence is morphologically more diverse. These results show that the connection between mass, intrinsic colour and morphology arises from galaxy-formation models that reproduce the observed galaxy mass function and sizes.