bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ductal cells of minor salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome express LINE‐1 ORF2p and APOBEC3B
Authors: Kalogirou Eleni‐Marina , Piperi Evangelia P. , Tosios Konstantinos I. , Tsiambas Evangelos , Fanourakis Galinos , Sklavounou Alexandra 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundType I interferon activation is a hallmark event in Sjögren's syndrome. L1 retroelements stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activating the type I interferons, and are regulated by various mechanisms, including the APOBEC3 deaminases. As L1s are potential trigger factors in autoimmunity, we aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical localization of L1 ORF2p and its inhibitor APOBEC3B protein in minor salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome patients.MethodsTwenty minor salivary gland‐tissue samples from 20 Sjögren's syndrome patients, classified according to Tarpley's histological criteria, and 10 controls were evaluated for L1 ORF2p and APOBEC3B expression via immunohistochemistry.ResultsL1 ORF2p was expressed in 17/20 SS patients and all controls. APOBEC3B expression was observed in 15/20 Sjögren's syndrome patients, 5/5 chronic sialadenitis, and 3/5 normal minor salivary glands. Both antibodies stained the cytoplasm of the ductal epithelial cells. Negative staining was observed in the acinar cells. L1 ORF2p‐positive immunostaining was significantly lower in Tarpley IV Sjögren's syndrome patients than controls (P = .039), and APOBEC3B‐positive staining was significantly lower in Tarpley I compared to Tarpley II Sjögren's syndrome patients (P = .008) and controls (P = .035).ConclusionsL1 ORF2p and APOBEC3B are expressed in the ductal epithelial cells of minor salivary glands that are among the key targets in Sjögren's syndrome. L1 ORF2p expression may promote the L1 ability to act as an intrinsic antigen in Sjögren's syndrome. The potential future use of L1 ORF2‐reverse transcriptase inhibitors in autoimmunity supports further investigation of L1 epigenetic regulation by APOBEC3 enzymes.
Self‐restraint spillover: Inhibitory control disrupts appetite regulation among ruminators
Authors: Schlinkert Caroline , Koole Sander L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivePeople can use inhibitory control to temporarily inhibit their personal preferences to achieve their long‐term goals. According to the ego fixation model (Koole et al., 2014), ruminators have difficulties relaxing inhibitory control, leading them to continue inhibiting their personal needs, even when this is no longer required by the situation. Inhibitory control may thus disrupt healthy appetite regulation among ruminators.MethodAmong 324 Dutch undergraduate students (218 women; Mage = 21.5), different inhibitory control states were manipulated by varying whether or not participants exerted inhibitory control (Study 1) or priming high versus low inhibitory control (Study 2). All participants then performed a food‐tasting task. Healthy appetite regulation was defined as a positive correlation between level of food deprivation and preference for high‐calorie foods.ResultsFor taste ratings, the interaction between inhibitory control and rumination was significant in each study: Inhibitory control disrupted healthy appetite regulation in taste preferences among ruminators, but not among non‐ruminators. For eating behavior, the same interaction effect was significant when the two studies were combined.ConclusionsInhibitory control disrupts healthy appetite regulation among ruminators. These findings suggest the need for caution in interventions that rely on inhibitory control, especially among samples with compulsive thought tendencies.
Cannabinoids concentration variability in cannabis olive oil galenic preparations
Authors: Carcieri Chiara , Tomasello Cristina , Simiele Marco , De Nicolò Amedeo , Avataneo Valeria , Canzoneri Luca , Cusato Jessica , Di Perri Giovanni , D'Avolio Antonio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Knowledge of the exact concentration of active compounds in galenic preparations is crucial to be able to ensure their quality and to properly administer the prescribed dose. Currently, the need for titration of extracts is still debated. Considering this, together with the absence of a standard preparation method, the aim of this study was to evaluate cannabinoids concentrations variability in galenic olive oil extracts, to evaluate the interlot and interlaboratory variability in the extraction yield and in the preparation composition.

Methods
Two hundred and one extracts (123 (61.2%) from Bedrocan®, 54 (26.9%) from Bediol®, 11 (5.5%) from Bedrolite®, and 13 (6.5%) from mixed preparations) were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, quantifying cannabinoids (THC, CBD, THCA, CBDA and CBN) concentrations.

Key findings
The RSD% of THC and CBD concentrations resulted higher than 50%. Specifically for Bedrocan®, Bediol®, Bedrolite® (5 g/50 ml), these were THC 82%, THC 53% and CBD 91%, THC 58% and CBD 59%, respectively. The median extraction yields were greater than 75% for all preparations.

Conclusions
Our results highlighted a wide variability in THC and CBD concentrations that justify the need for titration and opens further questions about other pharmaceutical preparations without regulatory indication for this procedure.
Health and Well‐Being Among Young People From Canadian Farms: Associations With a Culture of Risk‐Taking
Authors: Pickett William , Berg Richard L. , Marlenga Barbara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether patterns of adolescent risk behavior in rural populations, and especially farm populations, are associated with negative indicators of adolescent health and well‐being, beyond an established association between risk‐taking and injury.MethodsThe study base was Cycle 7 (2014) of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children study. Children aged 11‐16 years (n = 2,565; 2,533 weighted) who reported living or working on farms were matched within schools in a 1:1 ratio with other rural children. We related a scale describing engagement in multiple risk behavior to a series of indicators of adolescent health and well‐being.FindingsFarm children, particularly male farm children, showed the highest levels of risk behavior. Multiple risk behavior was strongly and consistently associated with negative indicators of general health, mental health (life satisfaction, psychosomatic symptoms), and academic performance in all subpopulations.ConclusionsAdolescent risk behavior in rural populations, and especially farm populations, is common and associated with a variety of negative indicators of adolescent health and well‐being. We speculate that the origins of this risk‐taking lifestyle surround cultural definitions of self and identity, which have both protective and negative effects.
Influence of different functional ingredients on physical properties, rheology, tribology, and oral perceptions of no fat stirred yoghurt
Authors: Ng Sophia Bao Xian , Nguyen Phuong T. M. , Bhandari Bhesh , Prakash Sangeeta 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEffects of adding four functional ingredients: inulin, pectin, galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS), and beta glucan on physical, rheology, tribology, and sensory characteristics of skim (0.1% fat) stirred yoghurt were studied. Three levels of each ingredient were chosen: inulin (7, 8, and 9%), pectin (0.2, 0.25, and 0.3%), GOS (9.1, 11.3, and 13.6%), and beta glucan (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%). Among the investigated ingredients, inulin and GOS appeared to be preferable choices due to their ability to both reduce syneresis and slightly increase sample lubrication while maintaining texture, rheology, and sensory characteristics of skim yoghurt. Pectin and beta glucan, conversely, increased viscosity and gel strength, slightly increased sample lubrication for the skim yoghurt but created large particles (i.e., greater than 100 μm) in the product body. This led to the increase in lumpiness and residual coating while reducing smoothness and creaminess of the sample. The observed tribology behaviors of the stirred yoghurts were similar to the previous study of pot‐set yoghurt whose friction curves comprised four friction zones (Nguyen, Kravchuk, Bhandari, and Prakash). The sensory characteristics of six selected samples for various texture and mouthfeel attributes obtained from a trained panel were in agreement with particle size, rheology, and tribology characteristics of the yoghurt samples.Practical applicationsWith the increasing demand for low fat and functional food, there is a need to understand the impact of adding functional ingredients in low fat yoghurt to satisfy consumers' requirements. This study investigates the effects of these functional ingredients at different dosages on physical, rheology, tribology, and sensory characteristics of skim (0.1% fat) stirred yoghurt. The results from this study may guide use of functional ingredients in yoghurt production.
Pharmacokinetics of furosemide administered 4 and 24 hours prior to high‐speed exercise in horses
Authors: Knych H. K. , Vale A. , Wilson W. D. , Kass P. H. , Arthur R. M. , Jones J. H. 
Published: October 2017

Furosemide is a diuretic agent used commonly in racehorses to attenuate the bleeding associated with exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). The current study describes serum and urine concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of furosemide following administration at 4 and 24 hrs prior to maximal exercise. Eight exercised adult Thoroughbred horses received a single IV administration of 250 mg of furosemide at 4 and 24 hrs prior to maximal exercise on a high‐speed treadmill. Blood and urine samples were collected at time 0 and at various times for up to 72 hrs and furosemide concentrations determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Serum furosemide concentrations remained above the LOQ (0.05 ng/ml) for 36 hrs in 3/8 and 1/8 horses in the 4‐ and 24‐hrs groups, respectively. Serum concentration data were best fit by a two‐compartment model. There was not a significant difference in the volume of distribution at steady‐state (0.594 ± 0.178 [4 hrs] and 0.648 ± 0.147 [24 hrs] L/kg) or systemic clearance (0.541 ± 0.094 [4 hrs] and 0.617 ± 0.114 [24 hrs] L/hrs/kg) between horses that were exercised at 4‐ and 24 hrs postdrug administration. The mean ± SD elimination half‐life was 3.12 ± 0.387 and 3.23 ± 0.407 hrs following administration at 4 and 24 hrs prior to exercise, respectively.
Postoperative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in horses after surgery for colic syndrome
Authors: Di Salvo A. , Giorgi M. , Nannarone S. , Lee H. K. , Corsalini J. , della Rocca G. 
Published: October 2017

NSAIDs are often used in horses with colic syndrome during the postoperative period, due to their ability to contrast endotoxemia and to promote an analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effect. As the pharmacokinetics of a drug are often modified in unhealthy animals compared to healthy subjects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam after i.v. administration in horses undergoing laparotomy for colic syndrome. Eight horses received 0.6 mg/kg of meloxicam i.v. towards the end of surgery. Blood samples were taken at scheduled time points during the following 24 hr. The serum concentration of the drug was determined by HPLC. Terminal half‐life (6.88 ± 2.96 hr), volume of distribution at steady‐state (186.53 ± 61.20 ml/Kg) and clearance (27.91 ± 5.72 ml kg−1 hr−1) were similar to those reported in literature for healthy horses. This result suggests that no adjustment of the approved dose should be necessary when meloxicam is used to treat horses in the immediate postoperative period after surgery for colic syndrome.
Two‐component calls in short‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Authors: Quick Nicola , Callahan Holly , Read Andrew J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractShort‐finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) have complex vocal repertoires that include calls with two time‐frequency contours known as two‐component calls. We attached digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) to 23 short‐finned pilot whales off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and assessed the similarity of two‐component calls within and among tags. Two‐component calls made up <3% of the total number of calls on 19 of the 23 tag records. For the remaining four tags, two‐component calls comprised 9%, 23%, 24%, and 57% of the total calls recorded. Measurements of six acoustic parameters for both the low and high frequency components of all two‐component calls from the five tags were compared using a generalized linear model. There were significant differences in the acoustic parameters of two‐component calls between tags, verifying that acoustic parameters were more similar for two‐component calls recorded on the same tag than for calls between tags. Spectrograms of all two‐component calls from the five tags were visually graded and independently categorized by five observers. A test of inter‐rater reliability showed substantial agreement, suggesting that each tag contained a predominant two‐component call type that was not shared across tags.
Historical legacies and political agency: hate speech in contemporary Cyprus
Authors: Katsourides Yiannos , Moudouros Nikos , Evagorou Eleni 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article analyses expressions of hate speech/behaviour between the two main Cypriot communities – Greek and Turkish. Research and discussion on hate speech is theoretically and empirically informed by the notions of nationalism and otherism which have moulded hate speech perceptions in Cyprus. The major finding is that hate speech between Greek and Turkish Cypriots although subsiding in recent years can be easily triggered by political and social actors by references to history and/or isolated violent incidents. Hate speech is rooted in historical legacies, conservative and nationalistic world‐views, takes several forms and permeates Cypriot society, although most times is not explicitly expressed and does not take a violent turn.
Roots‐eye view: Using microdialysis and microCT to non‐destructively map root nutrient depletion and accumulation zones
Authors: Brackin Richard , Atkinson Brian S. , Sturrock Craig J. , Rasmussen Amanda 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImprovement in fertilizer use efficiency is a key aspect for achieving sustainable agriculture in order to minimize costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution from nutrient run‐off. To optimize root architecture for nutrient uptake and efficiency, we need to understand what the roots encounter in their environment. Traditional methods of nutrient sampling, such as salt extractions can only be done at the end of an experiment, are impractical for sampling locations precisely and give total nutrient values that can overestimate the nutrients available to the roots. In contrast, microdialysis provides a non‐invasive, continuous method for sampling available nutrients in the soil. Here, for the first time, we have used microCT imaging to position microdialysis probes at known distances from the roots and then measured the available nitrate and ammonium. We found that nitrate accumulated close to roots whereas ammonium was depleted demonstrating that this combination of complementary techniques provides a unique ability to measure root‐available nutrients non‐destructively and in almost real time.
Characterization of Colletotrichum truncatum from papaya, pepper and physic nut based on phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity
Authors: Torres‐Calzada C. , Tapia‐Tussell R. , Higuera‐Ciapara I. , Huchin‐Poot E. , Martin‐Mex R. , Nexticapan‐Garcez A. , Perez‐Brito D. 
Published: October 2017

Colletotrichum truncatum (syn. C. capsici) has been identified as the causal agent of anthracnose on various hosts, predominantly pepper (Capsicum spp.) plants. The aim of this study was to determine whether C. truncatum isolates infecting papaya, pepper and physic nut in southeastern Mexico are morphologically, genetically and pathogenically different, in order to improve disease management strategies. A total of 113 C. truncatum isolates collected from five producer states were subjected to phenotypic characterization and divided into six different morphological groups. These morphological traits and the location of the isolates were used to select a subset of 20 isolates for further studies. Differences in the pathogenicity of the isolates were tested with a cross‐inoculation assay using pepper, papaya and physic nut. The pathogenicity tests revealed that all isolates could infect the three hosts and produce typical anthracnose symptoms, indicating a lack of host specificity for this species and therefore its pathogenic potential on other plants. Phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences of the C. truncatum isolates from this study and reference strains was performed, grouping the isolates into a monophyletic clade. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. truncatum causing anthracnose disease on three different hosts in Mexico.
Communicating Geographical Risks in Crisis Management: The Need for Research
Authors: French Simon , Argyris Nikolaos , Haywood Stephanie M. , Hort Matthew C. , Smith Jim Q. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn any crisis, there is a great deal of uncertainty, often geographical uncertainty or, more precisely, spatiotemporal uncertainty. Examples include the spread of contamination from an industrial accident, drifting volcanic ash, and the path of a hurricane. Estimating spatiotemporal probabilities is usually a difficult task, but that is not our primary concern. Rather, we ask how analysts can communicate spatiotemporal uncertainty to those handling the crisis. We comment on the somewhat limited literature on the representation of spatial uncertainty on maps. We note that many cognitive issues arise and that the potential for confusion is high. We note that in the early stages of handling a crisis, the uncertainties involved may be deep, i.e., difficult or impossible to quantify in the time available. In such circumstance, we suggest the idea of presenting multiple scenarios.
Factors Associated with Supermarket and Convenience Store Closure: A Discrete Time Spatial Survival Modelling Approach
Authors: Warren Joshua L. , Gordon-Larsen Penny 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAlthough there is a literature on the distribution of food stores across geographic and social space, much of this research uses cross-sectional data. Analyses attempting to understand whether the availability of stores across neighbourhoods is associated with diet and/or health outcomes are limited by a lack of understanding of factors that shape the emergence of new stores and the closure of others. We used quarterly data on supermarket and convenience store locations spanning seven years (2006–2012) and tract level census data in four US cities: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; San Francisco, California. A spatial discrete time survival model was used to identify factors that are associated with an earlier and/or later closure time of a store. Sales volume was typically the strongest indicator of store survival. We identified heterogeneity in the association between tract level poverty and racial composition with respect to store survival. Stores in high poverty, non-white tracts were often at a disadvantage in terms of survival length. The observed patterns of store survival varied by some of the same neighbourhood sociodemographic factors as associated with lifestyle and health outcomes, which could lead to confusion in interpretation in studies of the estimated effects of introduction of food stores into neighbourhoods on health.
Optical coherence tomography for margin definition of basal cell carcinoma before micrographic surgery—recommendations regarding the marking and scanning technique
Authors: De Carvalho N. , Schuh S. , Kindermann N. , Kästle R. , Holmes J. , Welzel J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground/purposeMohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is the preferred therapeutic treatment for high‐risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive imaging technique that enables the diagnosis of BCC. We thought to determine the margins of BCCs with OCT, prior to MMS, to reduce the number of surgical steps.MethodsDifferent permanent markers were tested on the skin regarding line width, resistance against disinfection and brightness in the OCT image. The visible tumor margins of BCCs were defined by dermoscopy, adding a safety margin of 2 mm and labeled using the selected pen, causing a signal shadow in OCT. Scans of the center and of entire margin were performed. If parts of the BCC were visible outside the margin, another 2 mm were added and the scan was repeated until the tissue outside the labeling looked tumor free.ResultsEight out of ten BCCs were totally excised in a single stage when margin delineation was done by OCT. Macroscopic margins were enlarged after OCT scanning in four patients, saving further stages of MMS.ConclusionOCT may help to better define the microscopic dimensions of BCCs and therefore reduce the number of stages of MMS.
Spectrophotometer is useful for assessing vitiligo and chemical leukoderma severity by quantifying color difference with surrounding normally pigmented skin
Authors: Hayashi M. , Okamura K. , Araki Y. , Suzuki M. , Tanaka T. , Abe Y. , Nakano S. , Yoshizawa J. , Hozumi Y. , Inoie M. , Suzuki T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcquired skin hypopigmentation has many etiologies, including autoimmune melanocyte destruction, skin aging, inflammation, and chemical exposure. Distinguishing lesions from normally pigmented skin is clinically important to precisely assess disease severity. However, no gold standard assessment method has been reported. We aimed to investigate whether spectrophotometers are useful for assessing vitiligo and rhododendrol (4‐(4‐hydroxyphenol)‐2‐butanol) (Rhododenol®)‐induced leukoderma disease severity by quantifying skin color.MethodsMexameter® MX18 and CM‐700d spectrophotometer were used for assessing vitiligo/leukoderma by measuring melanin index, L*a*b* color space, and ΔE*ab value, which represents the color difference between two subjects and is calculated by the values of L*a*b*.ResultsMX18 and CM‐700d can quantitatively distinguish vitiligo/leukoderma from normally pigmented skin based on melanin index. CM‐700d consistently quantified the color of vitiligo/leukoderma lesions and surrounding normally pigmented skin in L*a*b* color spaces and ΔE*ab. ΔE*ab is well correlated with melanin index and clinical appearance.ConclusionΔE*ab has been frequently used in aesthetic dentistry; however, current study is the first to use it in the measurement of skin color. ΔE*ab seems to be a useful parameter to evaluate the color contrast between vitiligo/leukoderma and surrounding normally pigmented skin and can be used to evaluate disease severity and patient's quality of life.
An analysis of the cause and magnitude of foreign trade zone‐induced biases inUSimport statistics
Authors: Yeats Alexander J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractComparisons of matchedUS COMTRADEand World Trade OrganizationIDBstatistics reveal numerous instances where theWTOdata on dutiable imports exceed both the correspondingUNgeneral import statistics and the reported exports of partner countries by very large margins over extended periods. In cases, the dutiable import statistics report major trade in products for which the partners do not record any corresponding exports (to anyone). Empirical tests indicate these biases result from special (and very unorthodox) invoicing practices for shipments intoUSforeign trade zones. The paper concludes these problems have the potential to seriously misdirect analytical trade studies which must utilise import statistics for their empirical base.