bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A population‐based study of risk perceptions of paracetamol use among Swedes—with a special focus on young adults
Authors: Håkonsen H. , Hedenrud T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate risk perceptions of paracetamol use, with a special focus on young adults.MethodsA web survey was sent to a representative sample (n = 5838) of the Swedish adult population. Altogether, 3120 persons answered the full questionnaire. Risk perceptions of paracetamol use in relation to sex, age, and education were determined using logistic regression.ResultsMost respondents (70.5%) reported use of paracetamol in the 3 months prior to the study; the highest proportion was found among those aged 18 to 25 years (75.8%). Nine in 10 were over‐the‐counter (OTC) paracetamol users. A total of 14.2% thought paracetamol is completely harmless to use while 54.3% indicated risks associated with use even when following the dosing instructions. One third disagreed that it is less risky to use paracetamol compared with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Three‐quarters identified liver damage as a potential consequence of exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose. The likelihood of a high‐risk perception was higher in women compared with men, and increased with age. No association was found between risk perception and educational status. Participants aged 18 to 25 years had the same ability to identify risks of overdose as did those aged 26 to 65, but expressed more careless attitudes towards use.ConclusionsAlthough the study population purchased paracetamol primarily OTC, they demonstrated basic awareness of paracetamol use including the potential consequences of overdosing. Young adults (18‐25 y), who were the most frequent users of OTC paracetamol, perceived less risk associated with use compared with older participants.
Comparison of adverse events following pentavalent and diphtheria‐tetanus‐pertussis vaccines among Nigerian children
Authors: Sadoh Ayebo Evawere , Nwaneri Damian Uchechukwu , Ogboghodo Bamidele Charity , Sadoh Wilson Ehidiamen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionAdverse events following immunization (AEFI) may follow the use of any vaccine. There is thus a need for documentation of the types and prevalence of AEFIs for each vaccine and early identification of new events or those occurring at rates higher than expected. When one vaccine replaces another, it is important to document the safety of the new vaccine as well as compare to that of the old. In this study, we aimed to document the AEFIs following the use of pentavalent vaccine recently introduced into the National Programme on Immunization and compare with those of diphtheria‐tetanus‐pertussis (DTwP) vaccine which it replaced.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study on infants with at least 2 immunization visits who commenced immunization between June 2011 and May 2013 at the Child Welfare Clinic of Institute of Child Health, University of Benin, Nigeria. At every visit for immunization, the caregiver is asked about any reaction that followed the previous immunization, and this is documented in immunization registers which data were reviewed for this study.ResultsThere were 2475 doses of DTwP and pentavalent vaccines administered to 946 children. Adverse events following immunizations were reported following 487 (19.7%) doses. The prevalence of AEFIs following pentavalent vaccine (22.1%) was significantly higher than that following DTwP (13.5%) P < .0001. Significantly more AEFIs followed the first dose of either vaccine compared to subsequent doses P < .0001. The commonest AEFI reported for either vaccine was fever.ConclusionAdverse events following immunization following pentavalent vaccine although higher than that following DTwP was within expected levels.
Aplicación del cuestionario PHEEM a médicos internos en 5 hospitales de Panamá
Authors: Concepción Gómez Ricardo Adolfo , Asprilla González José Antonio 
Published: June 2017

Introducción: El cuestionario Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) fue desarrollado por investigadores en el Reino Unido con el propósito de medir la percepción del ambiente clínico educacional que tienen los médicos en formación en instituciones hospitalarias. Objetivo: Determinar si existe variación en la percepción del ambiente clínico educacional entre los médicos internos de categoría i con base a 5 variables: 1) centro de formación durante el segundo año de internado médico; 2) país donde se obtuvo el título de médico (Panamá vs. extranjero); 3) universidad nacional (panameña) donde se obtuvo el título de médico; 4) sexo, y 5) máximo nivel de instrucción académica. Método: Una versión en español del cuestionario PHEEM se aplicó a médicos internos de categoría i en 5 hospitales de la República de Panamá en el año 2016. Los resultados fueron tabulados y analizados estadísticamente para comparar grupos. Resultados: Se logró aplicar el cuestionario al 96% de la población de médicos internos. Luego de eliminar los cuestionarios que presentaban puntos de exclusión se obtuvo una muestra de 78 médicos internos que correspondían al 80% de la población. Según su hospital de formación hubo 4 grupos: 1) Hospital Cecilio Castillero; 2) Hospitales Joaquín Pablo Franco y Anita Moreno; 3) Hospital Luis Fábrega, y 4) Hospital Aquilino Tejeira. Hubo diferencia (p = 0.0256) según el hospital de formación. No hubo diferencia según el país donde se obtuvo el título de médico (p = 0.3149). No hubo diferencia según la universidad panameña en la que se obtuvo el título de médico (p = 0.3678). No hubo diferencia según el sexo y el máximo nivel de instrucción académica (p = 0.1817 y p = 0.6113, respectivamente).
Global finance as a politicized habitat
Authors: Winecoff William Kindred 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPredominant models of financial regulation based on representative agents—in both the public interest and public choice traditions—assume that competitive pressures in financial markets undermine prudential behavior by firms in the absence of regulation. One empirical expectation of these models is behavioral: firms should adjust their risk-taking behaviors in response to the regulatory environment they face but should not over-comply with regulations. That is, the central tendency of bank behaviors should hew closely to regulatory minima and the variance should be small. I first demonstrate that this expectation is not borne out by the empirical record and then advance a theoretical argument that does not rely on a representative agent model. I argue that firms face a range of incentives from markets and governments that condition their risk-taking behaviors, and firms choose a “preferred habitat” within a market structure. Some of these incentives are towards greater risk-taking, while others are in the direction of greater prudence. This framework provides opportunities for examining financial market actors in a realistic context, and offers ways to unify micro-level and structural analyses of the political economy of global finance.
The Study About Cloud of Points Reconstruction with the Framework of Meshfree Method for Viscous Flows
Authors: Wang Y. D. , Jing Y. , Dai J. , Lin Q. G. , Cai X. W. , Ma X. J. , Ren D. F. , Tan J. J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new method, called Cloud of Points (COP) Reconstruction, is proposed in the present work to extend the meshfree method to simulate viscous flows. With the characters of viscous flows, the anisotropic COP structure is distributed in boundary layer. The proposed method can improve the anisotropic COP structure to isotropic COP structure and reduce the condition number of the least square coefficient matrix for conventional meshfree method. The values of the new reconstructed points are calculated by the Lagrange interpolation. The accuracy and the robustness of the presented meshfree solver are demonstrated on a number of standard test cases, including the functions with analytical gradients and the viscous flows past NACA0012 airfoil. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data and other numerical simulation data are also investigated.
Bayesian approach to multilayer stochastic blockmodel and network changepoint detection
Authors: SOHN YUNKYU , PARK JONG HEE 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNetwork scholars commonly encounter multiple networks, each of which is possibly governed by distinct generation rules while sharing a node group structure. Although the stochastic blockmodeling—detecting such latent group structures with group-specific connection profiles—has been a major topic of recent research, the focus has been given to the assortative group discovery of a single network. Despite its universality, concepts, and techniques for simultaneous characterization of node traits of multilayer networks, constructed by stacking multiple networks into layers, have been limited. Here, we propose a Bayesian multilayer stochastic blockmodeling framework that uncovers layer-common node traits and factors associated with layer-specific network generating functions. Without assuminga priorilayer-specific generation rules, our fully Bayesian treatment allows probabilistic inference of latent traits. We extend the approach to detect changes in block structures embedded in temporal layers of network time series. We demonstrate the method using synthetic multilayer networks with assortative, disassortative, core-periphery, and overlapping community structures. Finally, we apply the method to empirical social network datasets, and find that it detects significant latent traits and structural changepoints. In particular, we uncover endogenous historical regimes associated with distinct constellations of states in United States Senate roll call vote similarity patterns.
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN INDIA: THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF CONFLICTING FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE INTENTIONS
Authors: Forrest Walter , Arunachalam Dharmalingam , Navaneetham Kannan 
Published: June 2017

SummarySeveral studies report that women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are less likely to use contraception, but the evidence that violence consistently constrains contraceptive use is inconclusive. One plausible explanation for this ambiguity is that the effects of violence on contraceptive use depend on whether couples are likely to have conflicting attitudes to it. In particular, although some men may engage in violence to prevent their partners from using contraception, they are only likely to do so if they have reason to oppose its use. Using a longitudinal follow-up to the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), conducted among a sample of rural, married women of childbearing age, this study investigated whether the relationship between IPV and contraceptive use is contingent on whether women’s contraceptive intentions contradict men’s fertility preferences. Results indicate that women experiencing IPV are less likely to undergo sterilization, but only if they intended to use contraception and their partners wanted more children (Average Marginal Effect (AME)=−0.06; CI=−0.10, −0.01). Violence had no effect on sterilization among women who did not plan to use contraception (AME=−0.02; CI=−0.06, 0.03) or whose spouses did not want more children (AME=−0.01; CI=−0.9, 0.06). These results imply that violence enables some men to resolve disagreements over the use of contraception by imposing their fertility preferences on their partners. They also indicate that unmet need for contraception could be an intended consequence of violence.
CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG IRANIAN MANDAEANS LIVING IN SOUTH-WEST IRAN
Authors: Saadat Mostafa , Zarghami Mahdis 
Published: June 2017

SummarySeveral studies have indicated that consanguineous marriages (unions between biologically related persons) are associated with increased risk of autosomal recessive diseases and several multifactorial traits. Mandaeans are a closed ethno-religious community living in areas of southern Iraq and Iran (Khuzestan Province). There are currently no data on the prevalence of consanguineous marriages among Mandaeans. The present study was carried out in 2016 to determine the prevalence of consanguinity among Iranian Mandaeans living in Khuzestan Province, south-west Iran. A total of 137 couples (urban areas: 79 couples; rural areas: 58 couples) were included in the study. Information on the consanguineous marriages of the subjects was collected through direct interviews. Marriages were classified by the degree of relationship between couples as double first cousins, first cousins, first cousin once removed, second cousins and unrelated marriages. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was calculated for each couple and the mean coefficient of inbreeding (α) estimated for the population, stratified by rural and urban areas. The overall frequency of consanguinity was found to be 50.7% in urban and 86.2% in rural areas. There was a significant difference between rural and urban areas in types of marriages (χ2=24.8, df=4, p<0.001) and first cousin marriages (51.8%) were the most common type. The overall α-value was estimated to be 0.0363 for the Iranian Mandaean population.
Delayed-onset haematoma formation after cochlear implantation
Authors: Low W-K , Xu S 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjective:This paper presents our experience on delayed-onset haematoma formation after cochlear implantation, a topic which has not been well discussed in the literature.Method:Retrospective case review study.Results:Five children who had undergone cochlear implant surgery at 1.5 to 4 years of age (median, 2.5 years) were studied. The haematoma episodes occurred 2–12 years (median, 6 years) after cochlear implantation. Two patients had recurrent episodes. Two of the seven haematoma episodes were managed by needle aspiration alone, four by incision and drainage alone, and one by both needle aspiration and incision and drainage. Other than one patient with coagulopathy, there were no obvious predisposing factors, including trauma.Conclusion:The majority of delayed-onset haematomas occurred without obvious predisposing factors. Needle aspiration can differentiate a haematoma from an abscess or cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and it provides an effective immediate therapeutic solution. However, aseptic techniques are emphasised to minimise the chances of an uncomplicated haematoma converting into a septic one.
J.S. Mill's Boundaries of Freedom of Expression: A Critique
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe essay opens with some background information about the period in which J.S. Mill wrote. The discussion revolves around the concept of blasphemy which Mill considered to be highly problematic. Tagging unpopular views as ‘blasphemous’ amounted to abuse of governmental powers and infringed on the basic liberties of the out-of-favour speakers. The discussion on blasphemy sets the scene to the understanding of Mill's concerns, his priorities and consequently his emphasis on the widest possible liberty of expression. Section 2 presents the Millian principles that are pertinent to his philosophy of free speech: liberty and truth. Section 3 analyzes Mill's very limited boundaries to freedom of expression, asserting that the consequentialist reasoning had led Mill to ignore present tangible harm. It is argued that democracy is required to develop protective mechanisms against harm-facilitating speech.
Modern sovereignty and the non-Christian, or Westphalia’s Jewish State
Authors: Jones Meirav , Shain Yossi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article participates in efforts by IR theorists to clarify aspects of modern sovereignty – an idea currently in rupture and being rethought – by returning to its founding ‘Westphalian moment’. While recent work has reconnected modern sovereignty to religion, considering Westphalia as a religious settlement and Christian concerns persisting in the groundwork of IR, our work looks beyond Christian concerns and asks how Westphalian sovereignty addressed non-Christians. We trace a yet-untapped discussion of the Jews – presented as a paradigmatic religious ‘other’ – among architects of Westphalian sovereignty from Bodin through Grotius, Hobbes, Harrington, and Spinoza. We demonstrate that foundational theorists of modern sovereignty considered religious diversity a political problem. Some cited essential sameness, minimising difference between Jews and Christians. Others considered the possibility of Jewish sovereignty long before this idea is usually considered to have entered modern consciousness. While the discussion of Jewish sovereignty among architects of modern sovereignty may seem to justify a Jewish state in a world of Westphalian states, it also emphasises Westphalia’s territorialising of religious difference. This aspect of the Westphalian framework is surely inadequate today, when territorialising religious difference is neither normative nor likely possible.
Orchestral Manoeuvres in the 1970s: l’Orchestra Co-operative, 1974–1983
Authors: FABBRI FRANCO 
Published: June 2017

AbstractL’Orchestra, a cooperative established in 1974/75, based in Milan, Italy, was a unique organisation, involving musicians, sound and lighting engineers, music critics and teachers, and concert managers. It was started as a kind of artists’ union, a federation of folk, rock, political song, jazz, avant-garde groups, but in a few months it became a concert agency and a record company; it held music courses for amateurs and published music tutorials; it helped managing the first multipurpose art/social centre in Milan. L’Orchestra promoted studies along various disciplinary perspectives (sociology, music education, ideological criticism, semiotics) that in some respects embody and in others help explain the development of popular music studies and of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM) in Italy.
Water stress, temperature regimes and light control induction, and loss of secondary dormancy in Brassica napus L. seeds
Authors: Soltani Elias , Gruber Sabine , Oveisi Mostafa , Salehi Nader , Alahdadi Iraj , Javid Majid Ghorbani 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the induction and loss of dormancy in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Twenty genotypes were preliminary screened; from these, two genotypes, RGS003 and Hayola 308, which possess high potential for dormancy induction (HSD) and medium potential to induce secondary dormancy (MSD), were selected. The stratification of seeds at alternating temperatures of 5–30°C (in dark) significantly relieved secondary dormancy, but dormancy was not fully released. The ψb(50) values were −1.05 and −1.06 MPa for the MSD and the HSD before dormancy induction. After inducing dormancy, the ψb(50) values for the MSD and the HSD were increased to −0.59 and −0.01 on day 0 stratification at 20°C. The hydrothermal time (θHT) value was low for one-day stratification for HSD in comparison with other stratification treatments. Water stress can induce dormancy (if the seeds have the genetic potential for secondary dormancy) and warm stratification (in dark) can only reduce the intensity of dormancy. The seeds with a high potential of dormancy induction can overcome dormancy at alternating temperatures and in the presence of light. It can, therefore, be concluded that a portion of seeds can enter the cycle of dormancy ↔ non-dormancy. The secondary dormant seeds of B. napus cannot become non-dormant in darkness, but the level of dormancy may change from maximum (after water stress) to minimum (after warm stratification). It seems that the dormancy imposed by the conditions of deep burial (darkness in combination with water stress and more constant temperatures) might be more important to seed persistence than secondary dormancy induction and release. The dormancy cycle is an important pre-requisite in order to sense the depth of burial and the best time for seed germination.
Maternal perception of child overweight status and its association with weight-related parenting practices, their children’s health behaviours and weight change in China
Authors: Min Jungwon , Wang Vivian HC , Xue Hong , Mi Jie , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity has increased rapidly in China, but understanding is limited on how parents perceive their child’s weight status and how this perception affects weight-related parenting practices. We examined maternal perception of her child’s weight status and its association with demographics, subsequent weight-related parenting practices, the child’s health behaviours and weight change.Design/Setting/SubjectsMaternal perception of child’s weight status and health behaviours from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys were assessed at baseline and in follow-up surveys for 816 children aged 6–18 years during 2004–2011. Associations were tested using mixed models.ResultsOverall, maternal and child perceptions of the child’s weight status were fairly consistent (κw=0·56), 63·8 % of mothers had correct perception. While 9·6 % of mothers perceived their child as overweight, 10·9 % of children did so, and 13·6 % of children were indeed overweight. Compared with mothers who viewed their children as normal weight, mothers who thought their children were overweight were more likely to encourage their children to increase their physical activity (OR; 95 % CI: 1·8; 1·0, 3·3) and to diet (4·3; 2·3, 7·8). Children perceived as overweight by their mothers were more likely to have insufficient physical activity (2·8; 1·6, 4·7) and gain more weight during follow-up (BMI Z-score, β (se): 1·0 (0·1); P<0·01) than children perceived by their mothers as normal weight.ConclusionsIn China, mothers who perceive their child as overweight are more likely to encourage their child to exercise and modify their diet for weight management, but this encouragement does not seem to improve the child’s health behaviours and weight status.
The trouble with temporary: Impacts and pitfalls of a meanwhile community garden in Wythenshawe, South Manchester
Authors: St. Clair Rebecca , Hardman Michael , Armitage Richard P. , Sherriff Graeme 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe rise of Urban Agriculture projects across the UK has led to a surge of interest in their efficacy and resulting social impacts. Real Food Wythenshawe is a Lottery-funded urban food project in the UK that aims to teach the population of Wythenshawe to grow their own food and to cook from scratch. The area, popularly referred to as ‘Europe's largest council estate’, suffers from high levels of deprivation and has been described as a ‘food desert’ due to a perceived lack of access to fresh fruit and vegetables (Small World Consulting, 2013). In order to encourage Wythenshawe residents to grow their own food and to increase access to fresh fruit and vegetables, Real Food Wythenshawe aims to transform unused areas of land into growing spaces, such as allotments and community gardens. This paper focuses on research conducted at a community garden in Wythenshawe, established by Real Food Wythenshawe as an example of a ‘meanwhile’ or temporary growing site for people affected by cancer. The research investigated the impact of the growing activities on community garden participants through a series of observations and interviews. The findings suggest that the benefits of the space were multiple and diverse, ranging from increased growing knowledge to therapeutic effects, while there has been minimal effect on participants’ dietary behavior. The organization of the community garden also raises questions over some of the practicalities of temporary urban growing sites and highlights the tensions that can arise between small community growing groups and larger institutions with control over land use. These findings add to a growing body of research that considers the value of growing in the city and reflects on the role of community gardening in deprived urban areas of the UK.