bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
21.16: Sustainability considerations for the construction phase of steel structures
Authors: Siebers Raban , Hauke Bernhard , Helmus Manfred , Meins‐Becker Anica 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSustainability has been established for over one decade in the construction sector. Standardised lifecycle stages were introduced by European standards regulating construction products (EN 15805) or buildings (EN 15978) in modules from “A” to “D”. Today the main focus of sustainability considerations is on the use phase of buildings. In addition, the production and – in few cases – the end of life is included. A consideration of the construction phase on the actual building site – especially with focus on environmental factors – is still missing. Not available information in Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) reflect this drawback.This stage and the related data may appear minor compared to the total life cycle of a product or building, but in this stage differences between construction methods are getting evident. Earlier research showed that the differences of construction materials, (Steel, Concrete, Timber) looking at production and end of life, are quite small.[1][2][3] Furthermore, this stage is essential for the steel contractors dealing with assembly and construction as their daily business.In order to gain knowledge about the typical processes in steel construction, several example projects – multi‐storey buildings, industrial buildings and bridges – are considered. The focus is particularly on construction steps, equipment used, amount of personal, construction time and costs. This paper will present, describe and compare the construction phases, typical characteristics will be identified and pointed out. The results are related to general building constructions and an LCA can be carried out for typical construction processes of industrial buildings, multi‐storey buildings and bridges.
01.16: Fatigue behaviour analysis of bolts in tee‐stub steel connections
Authors: Pennec Fabienne , Durif Sébastien , Camara Aliou Badara , Robert Jean‐Louis , Bouchaïr Abdelhamid 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHigh strength bolted joints are efficient systems commonly used in a large set of industries as railway industry, steel construction, offshore structures or wind power structures. In recent years the lightening of steel structures has become of major concern and generates the need for higher material properties. Therefore the fatigue assessment of components is essential in order to ensure the reliability and the safety of structures using bolted connections.Tee stubs are elementary components used in the actual standard EN‐1993‐1‐8 to predict the mechanical behaviour of steel bolted connections under static loading. The Tee stub model is used to consider the evolution of the prying forces in addition to the direct applied load. Thus the axial stresses in the bolts are influenced by the prying forces in addition to the applied axial load and bending moment. However, the common method does not take into account the influence of the bolt bending moment which may have relevant influence upon its fatigue life. Thus, a 3D finite element model, able to take into account elastic‐plastic behaviour of the materials, large displacements and unilateral contact between the connected parts, has been developed in order to accurately predict the stress distribution in the bolt. A parametric study has been performed to evaluate the influence of the bolt bending moment on the mean value and the amplitude of axial stresses in the bolt versus the flange thickness, the bolt eccentric position and the pretension force. Then an analytical method has been used to assess the bolt fatigue life, according to the design standard for steel structures (EN 1993‐1‐9) and has been compared to the VDI 2230 standard traditionally used for the design of mechanical connections.The study highlights the influence of the preload force in the bolt that reduces the bending moment and thus the axial alternating stress in the bolt which is the main damaging parameter influencing the design under high cycle fatigue.
Synthesis of Size‐Tunable Hollow Polypyrrole Nanostructures and Their Assembly into Folate‐Targeting and pH‐Responsive Anticancer Drug‐Delivery Agents
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Xiufang , Sun Yanhua , Hu Yuwei , Peng Yulong , Li Yimin , Yin Gang , Liu Hui , Xu Jiangfeng , Zhong Shian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs currently used in clinical settings have high toxicity, low specificity, and short half‐lives. Herein, polypyrrole‐based anticancer drug nanocapsules were prepared by tailoring the size of the nanoparticles with a template method, controlling drug release by means of an aromatic imine, increasing nanoparticle stability through PEGylation, and improving tumor‐cell selectivity by folate mediation. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and dynamic light scattering. α‐Folate receptor expression levelsof tumor cells and normal cells were investigated by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging were used to verify the cell uptake of the different‐sized nanoparticles. From the different‐sized polypyrrole nanoparticles, the optimally functionalized nanoparticles of 180 nm hydrodynamic diameter were chosen and further usedfor in vitroandin vivotests. The nanoparticles showed excellent biocompatibility and the drug‐loaded nanoparticles exhibited effective inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro. Moreover, the drug‐loaded nanoparticles showed substantially enhanced accumulation in tumor regions and effectively inhibitedin vivotumor growth. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed reduced doxorubicin‐induced toxicity andno significant side effects in normal organs of tumor‐bearing mice, as measured by body‐weight shifts and evaluationof drug distribution. Overall, the functionalized nanoparticles are promising nanocarriers for tumor‐targeting drug delivery.
Pyriculins A and B, two monosubstituted hex‐4‐ene‐2,3‐diols and other phytotoxic metabolites produced by Pyricularia grisea isolated from buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris)
Authors: Masi Marco , Meyer Susan , Górecki Marcin , Mandoli Alessandro , Di Bari Lorenzo , Pescitelli Gennaro , Cimmino Alessio , Cristofaro Massimo , Clement Suzette , Evidente Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPyricularia grisea has been identified as a foliar pathogen on buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in North America and was studied as a potential source of phytotoxins for buffelgrass control. Two monosubstituted hex‐4‐ene‐2,3‐diols, named pyriculins A and B, were isolated from its culture filtrate organic extract together with (10S,11S)‐(−)‐epipyriculol, trans‐3,4‐dihydro‐3,4,8‐trihydroxy‐1(2H)‐napthalenone, and (4S)‐(+)‐isosclerone. Pyriculins A and B were characterized by spectroscopic (essentially nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], High‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [HRESIMS]) and chemical methods such as (4E)‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐yl)hex‐4‐ene‐2,3‐diols. The relative and absolute configuration of these compounds was determined by a combination of spectroscopic (NMR, electronic circular dichroism [ECD]) and computational tools. When bioassayed in a buffelgrass coleoptile and radicle elongation test, (10S,11S)‐(−)‐epipyriculol proved to be the most toxic compound. Seed germination was much reduced and slowed with respect to the control and radicles failed to elongate. All five compounds delayed germination, but only (10S,11S)‐(−)‐epipyriculol was able to prevent radicle development of buffelgrass seedlings. It had no effect on coleoptile elongation, while the other four compounds caused significantly increased coleoptile development relative to the control.
FNA cytology of solitary fibrous tumors and the diagnostic value of STAT6 immunocytochemistry
Authors: Tani Edneia , Wejde Johan , Åström Kristina , Wingmo Inga‐Lill , Larsson Olle , Haglund Felix 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDSolitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors commonly located in the pleura, soft tissues, or meninges and are characterized by the NGFI‐A‐binding protein 2 (NAB2)–signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) fusion gene. Recent studies have indicated that nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry is a specific marker for SFTs.METHODSThe authors reviewed fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from extracranial SFTs diagnosed at their institution between 1993 and 2017. Histologic blocks and available formalin‐fixed smears of FNA specimens from SFTs were investigated for STAT6 immunoreactivity using a monoclonal antibody. STAT6 immunocytochemistry was also investigated in schwannomas and spindle cell lipomas. Cytopathologic and clinical characteristics were described.RESULTSNineteen benign and 9 malignant SFTs were identified. Both benign and malignant SFTs had a female predominance (female‐to‐male ratio, 2.8:1 and 1.25, respectively). Localization varied, and approximately one‐half of the extrapleural tumors were located in the extremities and frequently were intramuscular. Benign and malignant primary tumors had limited differences in cytologic presentation, the most notable feature being nuclear pleomorphism. Cytomorphologic features included low‐to‐moderate cellularity of mixed oval, elongated, round, and stellate cells with pink collagenous stroma and hypercellular clusters with infrequent atypia. In metastatic SFTs, the cytopathology was suggestive of sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed nuclear STAT6 immunoreactivity in SFTs (n = 5) with cytoplasmic reactivity in cytologic mimickers.CONCLUSIONSBenign and malignant SFTs have common cytopathologic features, and the ability to distinguish between them is limited. Nuclear STAT6 immunoreactivity is a valuable cytologic marker for SFTs. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:36‐43. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Data Analysis Pipeline for RNA‐seq Experiments: From Differential Expression to Cryptic Splicing
Authors: Yalamanchili Hari Krishna , Wan Ying‐Wooi , Liu Zhandong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) is a high‐throughput technology that provides unique insights into the transcriptome. It has a wide variety of applications in quantifying genes/isoforms and in detecting non‐coding RNA, alternative splicing, and splice junctions. It is extremely important to comprehend the entire transcriptome for a thorough understanding of the cellular system. Several RNA‐seq analysis pipelines have been proposed to date. However, no single analysis pipeline can capture dynamics of the entire transcriptome. Here, we compile and present a robust and commonly used analytical pipeline covering the entire spectrum of transcriptome analysis, including quality checks, alignment of reads, differential gene/transcript expression analysis, discovery of cryptic splicing events, and visualization. Challenges, critical parameters, and possible downstream functional analysis pipelines associated with each step are highlighted and discussed. This unit provides a comprehensive understanding of state‐of‐the‐art RNA‐seq analysis pipeline and a greater understanding of the transcriptome. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans negatively regulate the positioning of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to distal axons
Authors: Sainath Rajiv , Armijo‐Weingart Lorena , Ketscheck Andrea , Xu Zhuxuan , Li Shuxin , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix that inhibit the extension and regeneration of axons. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are functionally inter‐linked organelles important to axon development and maintenance. We report that CSPGs impair the targeting of mitochondria and ER to the growth cones of chicken embryonic sensory axons. The effect of CSPGs on the targeting of mitochondria is blocked by inhibition of the LAR receptor for CSPGs. The regulation of the targeting of mitochondria and ER to the growth cone by CSPGs is due to attenuation of PI3K signaling, which is known to be downstream of LAR receptor activation. Dynactin is a required component of the dynein motor complex that drives the normally occurring retrograde evacuation of mitochondria from growth cones. CSPGs elevate the levels of p150Glu dynactin found in distal axons, and inhibition of the interaction of dynactin with dynein increased axon lengths on CSPGs. CSPGs decreased the membrane potential of mitochondria, and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondria respiration at the growth cone independent of manipulation of mitochondria positioning impaired axon extension. Combined inhibition of dynactin and potentiation of mitochondria respiration further increased axon lengths on CSPGs relative to inhibition of dynactin alone. These data reveal that the regulation of the localization of mitochondria and ER to growth cones is a previously unappreciated aspect of the effects of CSPGs on embryonic axons. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1351–1370, 2017
A Single Drop Fabrication of the Cholesterol Biosensor Based on Synthesized NiFe2O4NPs Dispersed on PDDA‐CNTs
Authors: Moonla Chochanon , Preechaworapun Anchana , Tangkuaram Tanin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase‐poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐carbon nanotubes‐nickel ferrite nanoparticles (ChOx‐PDDA‐CNTs‐NiFe2O4NPs) solution is easily fabricated by using a single dropping step on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. This technique is an alternative way to reduce complexity, cost and time to produce the biosensor. The uniformly dispersed materials on the electrode surface enhance the catalytic reaction of cholesterol oxidase and electron transfer from the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide in the system. The nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by co‐precipitation and calcination at various temperatures. These nanoparticles were then characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized material calcined at 700 °C was well defined and presented the octahedral metal stretching with cubic NiFe2O4NPs phase. In cyclic voltammetric study, the ChOx‐PDDA‐CNTs‐NiFe2O4NPs/GCE showed 0.43 s−1 charge transfer rate constant (Ks), 7.79×10−6 cm2 s−1 diffusion coefficient value (D), 0.13 mm2 electroactive surface area (Ae) and 3.58×10−8 mol cm−2 surface concentration (
). This modified electrode exhibits stability in term of percent relative standard deviation (%RSD=0.62 %, n=10), reproducibility (%RSD=0.81, n=10), high sensitivity (25.76 nA per mg L−1 cm−2), linearity from 1 to 5,000 mg L−1 (R2=0.998) with a low detection limit (0.50 mg L−1). Its Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) was 0.14 mM with 0.92 μA maximum current (Imax) and demonstrated good selectivity without the effects of electroactive species such as ascorbic acid, glucose and uric acid. The cholesterol biosensor was successfully applied to determine cholesterol levels in human blood samples, showing promise due to its simplicity and availability.
Learning to name smells increases activity in heteromodal semantic areas
Authors: Fournel Arnaud , Sezille Caroline , Licon Carmen C. , Sinding Charlotte , Gerber Johannes , Ferdenzi Camille , Hummel Thomas , Bensafi Moustafa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSemantic description of odors is a cognitively demanding task. Learning to name smells is, however, possible with training. This study set out to examine how improvement in olfactory semantic knowledge following training reorganizes the neural representation of smells. First, 19 nonexpert volunteers were trained for 3 days; they were exposed (i) to odorants presented without verbal labels (perceptual learning) and (ii) to other odorants paired with lexicosemantic labels (associative learning). Second, the same participants were tested in a brain imaging study (fMRI) measuring hemodynamic responses to learned odors presented in both the perceptual and associative learning conditions. The lexicosemantic training enhanced the ability to describe smells semantically. Neurally, this change was associated with enhanced activity in a set of heteromodal areas—including superior frontal gyrus—and parietal areas. These findings demonstrate that odor‐name associative learning induces recruitment of brain areas involved in the integration and representation of semantic attributes of sensory events. They also offer new insights into the brain plasticity underlying the acquisition of olfactory expertise in lay people. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5958–5969, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The wear and tear on health: What is the role of occupation?
Authors: Ravesteijn Bastian , Kippersluis Hans van , Doorslaer Eddy van 
Published: September 2017

SummaryHealth is well known to show a clear gradient by occupation. Although it may appear evident that occupation can affect health, there are multiple possible sources of selection that can generate a strong association, other than simply a causal effect of occupation on health. We link job characteristics to German panel data spanning 29 years to characterize occupations by their physical and psychosocial burden. Employing a dynamic model to control for factors that simultaneously affect health and selection into occupation, we find that selection into occupation accounts for at least 60% of the association. The effects of occupational characteristics such as physical strain and low job control are negative and increase with age: late‐career exposure to 1 year of high physical strain and low job control is comparable to the average health decline from ageing 16 and 6 months, respectively.
Fluvial organic carbon composition and concentration variability within a peatland catchment—Implications for carbon cycling and water treatment
Authors: Stimson Andrew G. , Allott Tim E.H. , Boult Stephen , Evans Martin G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluvial organic carbon (OC) transformations are an important component of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production in inland waters resulting in considerable recent interest in the fate of fluvial OC exported from carbon rich soils such as peatlands. Additionally, peatland catchments are important drinking water collection areas, where high OC concentrations in runoff have water treatment implications. This analysis presents the results from a year‐round intensive study within a water treatment catchment draining an area of peatland, considering carbon transformations along a continuum from headwater river, through a storage reservoir and pipe, to a water treatment works. The study uses a unique combination of methods (colourmetric, ultrafiltration, and 14C radiocarbon dating) to assess catchment wide changes in fluvial carbon composition (colour, size, and age) alongside concentration measures. The results indicate clear patterns of carbon transformations in the river and reservoir and dissolved low molecular weight coloured carbon to be most subject to change, with both loss and replacement within the catchment residence time. Although the evidence suggests dissolved OC (DOC) gains are from particulate OC breakdown, the mechanisms of DOC loss are less certain and may represent greenhouse gas losses or conversions to particulate OC. The transformations presented here appear to have minimal impact on the amount of harder to treat (<10 kDa) dissolved carbon, although they do have implications for total DOC loading to water treatment works. This paper shows that peatland fluvial systems are not passive receptors of particulate and dissolved organic carbon but locations where carbon is actively cycled, with implications for the understanding of carbon cycling and water treatment in peatland catchments.
Reduced urothelial regeneration in rat bladders augmented with permeable porcine small intestinal submucosa assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yang Qing , Xia Ding , Towner Rheal A. , Smith Nataliya , Saunders Debra , Fung Kar‐Ming , Aston Christopher E. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley , Hurst Robert E. , Madihally Sundararajan V. , Kropp Bradley P. , Lin Hsueh‐Kung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAugmentation enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. Since the use of the patient's intestine has severe risks of complications, alternative biodegradable matrices have been explored. Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has gained immense interests in bladder reconstruction due to its favorable properties. However, trials have shown inconsistent regeneration with SIS, attributed to the heterogeneity in microstructures and mechanical properties. We hypothesize that uneven SIS permeability to urine is a factor responsible for the inconsistency. We measured permeability to urinein situusing a contrast enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and evaluated urothelium regeneration using immunohistochemical staining of urothelial cell markers in SIS‐augmented rat bladders. Results showed significant differences in permeability among SIS‐augmented rat bladders. Commercial SIS scaffolds were then categorized into nonleaky and leaky groups based on MRI results. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed higher numbers of inflammatory cells in leaky SIS on day 14 relative to nonleaky SIS. In addition, trichrome staining showed major changes in the distribution of collagen on day 28 between SIS‐augmented bladder groups. Furthermore, expressions of urothelium‐associated markers (cytokeratins AE1/AE3, claudin 4, and uroplakin III) were completed in bladders augmented with nonleaky SIS, whereas limited urothelial differentiation was noticed in leaky SIS‐augmented bladders at post‐augmentative day 14. These results show that scaffold permeability to urine may be responsible for variations in regenerative capacity of porcine SIS. Applications of MRI technique will be helpful to understand a relationship between biomaterial property and regenerative capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1778–1787, 2018.
The primary cilium as a signaling nexus for growth plate function and subsequent skeletal development
Authors: Moore Emily R. , Jacobs Christopher R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe primary cilium is a solitary, antenna‐like sensory organelle with many important roles in cartilage and bone development, maintenance, and function. The primary cilium's potential role as a signaling nexus in the growth plate makes it an attractive therapeutic target for diseases and disorders associated with bone development and maintenance. Many signaling pathways that are mediated by the cilium—such as Hh, Wnt, Ihh/PTHrP, TGFβ, BMP, FGF, and Notch—are also known to influence endochondral ossification, primarily by directing growth plate formation and chondrocyte behavior. Although a few studies have demonstrated that these signaling pathways can be directly tied to the primary cilium, many pathways have yet to be evaluated in context of the cilium. This review serves to bridge this knowledge gap in the literature, as well as discuss the cilium's importance in the growth plate's ability to sense and respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, we explore the importance of using the appropriate mechanism to study the cilium in vivo and suggest IFT88 deletion is the best available technique. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:533–545, 2018.