bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using humorous images to lighten the learning experience through questioning in class
Authors: Huang Yueh‐Min , Liu Ming‐Chi , Lai Chia‐Hung , Liu Chia‐Ju 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTeachers often use in‐class questions to examine the level of understanding of their students, while these also enable students to reorganize their acquired knowledge. However, previous studies have shown that students may resist being questioned because of negative emotions. Therefore, this paper proposes the idea of eliciting positive emotions by showing students funny images to reward them for providing correct answers. Three studies were conducted with different courses, using either a video lecture or classroom lecture. The results of Study 1 indicated that 22 learners who watched 10 financial literacy video segments and were rewarded with funny images tended to have more positive emotions, an upward trend in their attention levels, and greater test scores as compared to the other 22 learners watching the same videos who received no rewards. Studies 2 and 3 were conducted in the data structure and computer networks courses, respectively. With regard to affective states, the 52 students in the two courses gained more learning confidence in classes that providing the amusing stimuli as compared to those without such rewards. However, only students in the computer networks course had higher test scores on their mid‐term exams when answering rewarded questions compared to when they answered those questions without rewards, although this was not found with the students in the data structure course. The findings suggest that rewarding students with amusing stimuli can enhance students’ affective states, even though this instructional strategy does not lead to higher learning performance all the time.
β‐cell specific T‐lymphocyte response has a distinct inflammatory phenotype in children with Type 1 diabetes compared with adults
Authors: Arif S. , Gibson V. B. , Nguyen V. , Bingley P. J. , Todd J. A. , Guy C. , Dunger D. B. , Dayan C. M. , Powrie J. , Lorenc A. , Peakman M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the hypothesis that the quality, magnitude and breadth of helper T‐lymphocyte responses to β cells differ in Type 1 diabetes according to diagnosis in childhood or adulthood.MethodsWe studied helper T‐lymphocyte reactivity against β‐cell autoantigens by measuring production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interferon‐γ and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10, using enzyme‐linked immunospot assays in 61 people with Type 1 diabetes (within 3 months of diagnosis, positive for HLA DRB1*0301 and/or *0401), of whom 33 were children/adolescents, and a further 91 were unaffected siblings.ResultsInterferon‐γ responses were significantly more frequent in children with Type 1 diabetes compared with adults (85 vs 61%; P = 0.04). Insulin and proinsulin peptides were preferentially targeted in children (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively) and the breadth of the interferon‐γ response was also greater, with 70% of children having an interferon‐γ response to three or more peptides compared with 14% of adults (P < 0.0001). Islet β‐cell antigen‐specific interleukin‐10 responses were similar in children and adults in terms of frequency, breadth and magnitude, with the exception of responses to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, which were significantly less frequent in adults.ConclusionsAt diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, pro‐inflammatory autoreactivity is significantly more prevalent, focuses on a wider range of targets, and is more focused on insulin/proinsulin in children than adults. We interpret this as indicating a more aggressive immunological response in the younger age group that is especially characterized by loss of tolerance to proinsulin. These findings highlight the existence of age‐related heterogeneity in Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis that could have relevance to the development of immune‐based therapies.
Risk factors and consequences of decreased kidney function in nursing home residents: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bolmsjö Beata Borgström , Mölstad Sigvard , Gallagher Martin , Chalmers John , Östgren Carl Johan , Midlöv Patrik 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of the present study was to study the renal function and the relationship of deterioration in renal function with major outcomes in elderly nursing home residents. A second aim was to compare the internationally recommended formulae for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) consisting of both creatinine and cystatin C in a nursing home population.MethodsA total of 429 patients from 11 nursing homes were included during 2008–2011. GFR was estimated, from formulae based on both creatinine and cystatin C, at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. The patients were divided into groups based on chronic kidney disease level, and comparisons were made for mortality, morbidity, the use of medications and between the different formulae for eGFR.ResultsSurvival was lower in the groups with lower renal function. Over 60% of the residents had impaired renal function. Those with impaired renal function were older, had a higher number of medications and a higher prevalence of heart failure. Higher number of medications was associated with a greater risk of rapid decline in renal function with an odds ratio of 1.2 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.36, P = 0.003). The compared eGFR formulae based on both cystatin C and creatinine were in excellent concordance with each other.ConclusionsDecreased renal function was associated with increased mortality. A majority of nursing home residents had declining renal function, which should be considered when prescribing medications. The more medications, the higher the risk for rapidly declining renal function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 791–797.
A randomized clinical trial comparing plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating–rotating power toothbrush to a manual toothbrush by multiple examiners
Authors: Kurtz B , Reise M , Klukowska M , Grender JM , Timm H , Sigusch BW 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether multiple examiners can demonstrate consistent plaque removal advantages for an oscillating–rotating power toothbrush versus a manual toothbrush.MethodsThis was a replicate‐use, single brushing, examiner‐blind, randomized, two‐treatment, four‐period crossover clinical trial involving four examiners. Subjects were randomized to one of four treatment sequences involving two toothbrushes: an oscillating–rotating power toothbrush or a manual toothbrush. At each of the four visits, subjects arrived having abstained from oral hygiene for 24 h prior, and brushed with their assigned toothbrush and a marketed fluoride dentifrice under supervision unaided by a mirror. Plaque was assessed by each examiner using the Turesky‐Modified Quigley–Hein Plaque Index at each study period before and after brushing. Data was analysed separately for each examiner using the analysis of covariance for crossover design.ResultsNinety‐five subjects between the ages of 18 and 70 met the entrance criteria and were enrolled in the study. Eighty‐seven subjects completed all four periods of the study. Both brushes delivered a significant plaque reduction when compared to baseline. Significant treatment differences were observed for all four examiners – ranging from 0.10 to 0.16 – in favor of the oscillating–rotating brush (P < 0.001). There were no adverse events reported or observed for either brush.ConclusionsAll four examiners demonstrated the power toothbrush removed significantly more plaque after a single brushing than the standard manual toothbrush. Both brushes were well tolerated.
CITIES, WAGES, AND THE URBAN HIERARCHY
Authors: Soto Juan , Paredes Dusan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we estimate the size of the wage premium necessary to compensate for remoteness incurred by workers compared to the city size productivity effects. We construct five urban hierarchy tiers for cities in Chile based on their level of remoteness from the urban system. We then contrast the effect generated by these variables on worker wages. We report a positive gradient of wages the higher the size of the urban tier and a loss in wages that can reach 35 percent for more remote cities.
Neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma of the skull base: an enigmatic peripheral nerve sheath tumor variant
Authors: Kaur Kavneet , Kakkar Aanchal , Binyaram  , Suri Vaishali , Garg Ajay , Sharma Suresh C , Sharma Bhawani Shankar , Sarkar Chitra , Sharma Mehar Chand 
Published: May 2016

Neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma is an extremely rare histological variant of schwannoma, which histologically mimics a malignant small round cell tumor. Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of this tumor located at the skull base in a 44‐year‐old woman who presented with symptoms of right‐sided earache and hearing loss. MRI revealed a large, lobulated, extra‐axial mass measuring 8.8 cm × 3.6 cm × 4.2 cm in the floor of the middle and posterior cranial fossa. Microscopic examination revealed a perplexing histopathology with peculiar collagenous rosettes. Differential diagnoses included a broad range of benign and malignant tumors. Typical schwannoma seldom poses a difficulty in diagnosis; however, this unusual variant is a diagnostic challenge which requires an extensive clinico‐radiological correlation and immunohistochemical work‐up. Hence, knowledge of this entity is a must to avoid erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
The impact of abuse and mood on bowel symptoms and health‐related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Authors: Kanuri N. , Cassell B. , Bruce S. E. , White K. S. , Gott B. M. , Gyawali C. P. , Sayuk G. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common abdominal pain disorder without an organic explanation. Abuse histories (physical, sexual, emotional) are prevalent in IBS. While abuse relates to mood disorders (depression and anxiety) also common in IBS, the influence of abuse on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and its independence from psychological symptom comorbidity has not been studied.MethodsConsecutive GI outpatients completed the ROME III Research Diagnostic Questionnaire and questionnaires on trauma (Life‐Stress Questionnaire), mood (Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventories), somatic symptoms (PHQ‐12), and HRQOL (SF‐36). Current GI symptom severity and bother were assessed using 10‐cm Visual Analog Scales.Key Results272 ROME‐defined IBS (47.6 ± 0.9 years, 81% female) and 246 non‐FGID (51.6 ± 1.0 years, 65% female) subjects participated. IBS patients reported greater rates of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse (p < 0.006 each), and higher depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (p < 0.001). Greater bowel symptom bother (7.4 ± 0.2 vs 6.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.040), severity (7.7 ± 0.2 vs 6.5 ± 0.2, p < 0.001), recent symptomatic days (9.8 ± 0.4 vs 8.5 ± 0.3, p = 0.02), and poorer HRQOL (40.9 ± 2.3 vs 55.5 ± 1.7, p < 0.001) were noted in IBS with abuse. Abuse effects were additive, with greater IBS symptom severity and poorer HRQOL noted in cases with multiple forms of abuse. Mediation analyses suggested that abuse effects on GI symptoms and HRQOL were partially mediated by mood.Conclusions & InferencesAbuse experiences common among IBS sufferers are associated with reports of greater GI symptoms and poorer HRQOL, particularly in those with multiple forms of abuse; this relationship may be partially mediated by concomitant mood disturbances.
Judgment, Logos, and Knowledge in Plato's Theaetetus
Authors: Thaler Naly 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this second installment on the Theaetetus, I discuss Theaetetus' second and third definitions of knowledge, namely, ‘true judgment’ and then ‘true judgment with the addition of an account’. I offer a brief description of Socrates' intricate examination of these suggestions, concentrating especially on the discussion of false judgment and that of the so‐called ‘Dream Theory’. I then proceed to map different lines of interpretation for these passages that have been offered by scholars writing in the last 40 years.
Drinking from the Talent Pool: A Resource Endowment Theory of Human Capital and Agency Performance
Authors: Teodoro Manuel P. , Switzer David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article advances a resource endowment theory of human capital and performance in government organizations. Building on research on human capital and firm location in business economics and task complexity in public management, the authors argue that an agency's ability to implement policy is determined both by its scale and by the human capital of the population from which it draws its employees. The authors cast labor as a factor of production in public agencies and argue that access to higher‐quality labor improves government effectiveness. The effect of human capital on performance is especially pronounced when agencies are charged with the implementation of technically complex tasks. The empirical subject is U.S. municipal water utilities’ compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act. Comparing records of compliance with more and less complex regulatory requirements provides evidence consistent with the general model. The findings carry important implications for public management and policy design.
A first assignment to create student buy‐in in an introductory business statistics course
Authors: Newfeld Daria 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a sample assignment to be administered after the first two weeks of an introductory business focused statistics course in order to promote student buy‐in. This assignment integrates graphical displays of data, descriptive statistics and cross‐tabulation analysis through the lens of a marketing analysis study. A marketing sample was chosen because marketing is a tangible business practice to which all students, regardless of their background, have been exposed. The purpose of the assignment is to quickly cement in the students minds both the applicability of the course material within the business world as well as their own ability to master it.
Unilateral retrobulbar hematoma following maxillary nerve block in a dog
Authors: Loughran Claire M. , Raisis Anthea L. , Haitjema Griet , Chester Zigrida 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical findings and management of a case of retrobulbar hematoma formation secondary to performance of a maxillary nerve block in a dog.Case SummaryAn 11‐year‐old dog was presented for a routine dental procedure including dental extraction to be performed under general anesthesia. After premedication with intramuscular methadone, anesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone until depth of anesthesia was sufficient to allow orotracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane delivered in 100% oxygen. A bilateral maxillary nerve block was performed. During administration of the left nerve block, blood was aspirated. Twenty minutes after placement of the left maxillary nerve block, exophthalmos, periorbital swelling, extensive scleral hemorrhage, and ecchymosis with a 2 × 2 cm region of moderate swelling on the palatal mucosa around the injection site were noted. These lesions were the result of retrobulbar hematoma formation following vessel puncture. Treatment included immediate creation of a drainage tract and administration of anti‐inflammatories (carprofen 2 mg/kg PO q 12 h for 7 days), broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy (cefovicin 8 mg/kg SC once), and eye drops (viscotears, 2 drops OS q 12 h for 7 days). The periorbital swelling was significantly reduced within 1 hour of drainage and had almost completely resolved 1 week later.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis clinical report details the development and successful management of a unilateral retrobulbar hemorrhage following maxillary nerve block. Management of this condition requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent permanent damage to the eye. The cornerstone of treatment is drainage, which rapidly decreases the increased intraorbital and intraocular pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of this complication in the English language literature.
Non‐Typhoidal Salmonella Colonization in Chickens and Humans in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Trung N. V. , Carrique‐Mas J. J. , Nghia N. H. , Tu L. T. P. , Mai H. H. , Tuyen H. T. , Campbell J. , Nhung N. T. , Nhung H. N. , Minh P. V. , Chieu T. T. B. , Hieu T. Q. , Mai N. T. N. , Baker S. , Wagenaar J. A. , Hoa N. T. , Schultsz C. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySalmonellosis is a public health concern in both the developed and developing countries. Although the majority of human non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) cases are the result of foodborne infections or person‐to‐person transmission, NTS infections may also be acquired by environmental and occupational exposure to animals. While a considerable number of studies have investigated the presence of NTS in farm animals and meat/carcasses, very few studies have investigated the risk of NTS colonization in humans as a result of direct animal exposure. We investigated asymptomatic NTS colonization in 204 backyard chicken farms, 204 farmers and 306 matched individuals not exposed to chicken farming, in southern Vietnam. Pooled chicken faeces, collected using boot or handheld swabs on backyard chicken farms, and rectal swabs from human participants were tested. NTS colonization prevalence was 45.6%, 4.4% and 2.6% for chicken farms, farmers and unexposed individuals, respectively. Our study observed a higher prevalence of NTS colonization among chicken farmers (4.4%) compared with age‐, sex‐ and location‐ matched rural and urban individuals not exposed to chickens (2.9% and 2.0%). A total of 164 chicken NTS strains and 17 human NTS strains were isolated, and 28 serovars were identified. Salmonella Weltevreden was the predominant serovar in both chickens and humans. NTS isolates showed resistance (20–40%) against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and ampicillin. Our study reflects the epidemiology of NTS colonization in chickens and humans in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and emphasizes the need of larger, preferably longitudinal studies to study the transmission dynamics of NTS between and within animal and human host populations.
ASTROBIOLOGY AND ASTROCHRISTOLOGY
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAstrochristology, as a subfield within the more comprehensive astrotheology, speculates on the implications of what astrobiology and related space sciences learn about our future space neighbors. Confirmation of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations living on exoplanets will force Christian theologians to decide on two issues. The first issue deals with the question: should Christians expect many incarnations, one for each inhabited exoplanet; or will the single incarnation in terrestrial history suffice? The second issue deals with the question: why is there an incarnation in the first place? Does the divine presence in the historical Jesus mark a divine attempt to fix a broken creation or does it mark a divine self‐communication that would occur with or without creation's fall into sin and death? Sorting these issues out is one task for astrochristology. My own position is to affirm both a single incarnation on Earth valid for cosmic redemption from the brokenness of creation in its present state.
ASTROTHEOLOGY: ON EXOPLANETS, CHRISTIAN CONCERNS, AND HUMAN HOPES
Authors: Losch Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAre there planets beyond our solar system? What may appear quite plausible now had only been a hypothesis until about twenty years ago. The search for exoplanets is driven by the interest in the “habitable” ones among them. Could such planets one day in the far future provide resources or even shelter for humankind? Will we find one day a habitable planet that is even inhabited? These kinds of imaginative speculations drive public interest in the subject. Imagining alien intelligent life in the universe is not at all new. When Ted Peters called for establishing the field of “astrotheology,” he was certainly thinking less of historical precedents than of something analogous to the emerging field of astrobiology. Will astrotheology result in the decentering of humanity in cosmic dimensions? One could also conclude that we are alone, at least for all practical purposes.
CHANCE, NECESSITY, LOVE: AN EVOLUTIONARY THEOLOGY OF CANCER
Authors: Hummel Leonard M. , Woloschak Gayle E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn his 1970s work Chance and Necessity, Jacques Monod provided an explanatory framework not only for the biological evolution of species, but, as has become recently apparent, for the evolutionary development of cancers. That is, contemporary oncological research has demonstrated that cancer is an evolutionary disease that develops according to the same dynamics of chance (that is, random occurrences) and necessity (that is, law‐like regularities) at work in all evolutionary phenomena. And just as various challenges are raised for religious thought by the operations of chance and necessity within biological evolution, so this particular theological question is raised by the findings of contemporary cancer science: Where is love, divine and human, within the evolutionary chance and necessity operative in all dimensions of cancer? In this article, we contribute to the dialogue in science and religion by offering the following responses to this question: (1) the thought of Arthur Peacocke to claim that divine love may be understood to be at work in, with, and under our very efforts to make theological meaning of the chance and necessity that inform the evolution of cancers; and (2) Charles Sanders Peirce's evolutionary philosophy to make this claim: that the work of scientific communities of inquiry to understand and to find better ways to cope with the disease of cancer is itself the work of divine love amid the chance and necessity of cancer.
MIND WITHIN MATTER: SCIENCE, THE OCCULT, AND THE (META)PHYSICS OF ETHER AND AKASHA
Authors: Pokazanyeva Anna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe intersection between quantum theory, metaphysical spirituality, and Indian‐inspired philosophy has an established place in speculative scientific and alternative religious communities alike. There is one term that has historically bridged these two worlds: “Akasha,” often translated as “ether.” Akasha appears both in metaphysical spiritual contexts, most often in ones influenced by Theosophy, and in the speculative scientific discourse that has historically demonstrated a strong affinity for the brand of monistic metaphysics that Indian‐derived spiritualities tend to foster. This article traces the relationship between these groups with special attention to the role of Indian concepts and terminology. More specifically, it argues that Akasha‐as‐ether comes to operate in a manner that bridges gross matter (of which the individual mind is part and parcel) with the notion of a subtle material and transpersonal mind—a version of panpsychism allowing for a coherent quantum monism.