bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the price of uranium based on the costs of uranium deposits exploitation
Authors: Kryzia Dominik , Gawlik Lidia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe paper presents the concept of forecasting uranium prices on the basis of the uranium deposits exploitation costs. The model for estimating the costs of raw material extraction over time, depending on the supply level sufficient to meet the demand from nuclear power plants, has been developed. The aforementioned costs, given the inelastic demand for uranium, determine the price of this raw material. This allows estimating the future price of uranium on the basis of knowledge of the resource base and the relationships determining changes in parameters characterizing the resources. As these estimates are affected by considerable uncertainty, the study has used a stochastic approach, constructing the precise probability distributions of uncertain parameters. Based on literature analysis, the variables that are correlated with each other have been identified. The model has implemented the identified correlations between variables. A number of assumptions regarding the input data, model limitations, and the relationship between the variables has been adopted. On the basis of the Monte Carlo simulation, the probability distribution of uranium prices in the coming years until 2050 has been obtained. According to the obtained estimation, uranium prices will remain stable at around 90 USD/kg by 2030. The prices are expected to increase in the next years. It can be assumed that this trend will grow in the future. In 2050, the expected uranium price will be about 130 USD/kg.
Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Claystones with Selected Coal Seams of the Mudstone and Sandstone Series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Authors: Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper results of investigation on the variability of REE contents in the clayey rocks accompanying selected coal seams from Zaleskie and Ruda beds of western part of Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) have been presented. 75 samples have been analysed from the claystones coexisting with coal seams 405 and 408 collected from the USCB area. Contents of selected REE have been assessed with a use of the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). In regard to the constraints of this method following elements underwent evaluation: scandium (Sc), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu). Contents of yttrium (Y) was determined with a use of the Fusion-Inductively-Coupled Plasma (FUSICP) method.In all featured groups of claystone (claystone, sandy claystone and siderite claystone) the highest, although diverse content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3and K2O were observed. Whatever the petrographic character of the claystone rocks, among the analyzed rare earth elements, the highest participation of Ce, La, Y, Nd and Sc were found. Other analyzed REE showed significantly lower content. Some regional diversity of REE in the area of study was also observed. In the south-western part of the USCB, higher participation showed: Y, Sm and Nd, while in the north-western part: Sc. To determine the dependence between content of rare earth elements and chemical composition, the correlation-coefficients were calculated. In the calculations ratio SiO2/Al2O3and increased content of P2O5, ignition loss and Fe2O3were taken into account. Most of the elements analyzed in group of rocks distinguished by increased content of P2O5and ignition loss, showed high positive correlation with chemical composition. In almost all groups of rocks negative correlation with MnO, loss on ignition and sometimes with CaO was found. Rocks represented by siderite claystone are characterized by the highest values of correlation coefficients of rare earth elements with Fe2O3.
Biophysical methods toolbox to study ABC exporter structure and function
Authors: Marcellino Thomas , Srinivasan Vasundara 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
ABC exporters are highly dynamic membrane proteins that span a huge spectrum of different conformations. A detailed integrated approach of cellular, biochemical and biophysical characterization of these ‘open’, ‘closed’ and other intermediate states is central to understanding their function. Almost 40 years after the discovery of the first ABC transporter, thanks to the enormous development in methodologies, a picture is slowly emerging to visualize how these fascinating molecules transport their substrates. This mini review summarizes some of the biophysical tools that have made a major impact in understanding the function of the ABC exporters.
The Effect of Exports on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Policy Implications
Authors: Bosupeng Mpho 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore long run affiliations between exports and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines thirty-seven countries over the period 1960 to 2010 and uses the Toda and Yamamoto causality approach to investigate the direction of causal links. The results reveal that carbon dioxide emissions Granger cause exports in the following economies: Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Morocco, Austria and Ireland. Nonetheless, the reverse causality proved that exports Granger cause carbon dioxide emissions in twelve economies. Furthermore, the study registered bidirectional causal links between exports and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA and Burkina Faso. We conclude that countries should consider exports market demand, energy consumption and economic growth in their attempts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The Wisdom of e-crowds: Can Masses Create Value?
Authors: Wieczerzycki Marcin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWith the rising popularity of the Internet, interactions between companies and their consumers have become more common and meaningful. Researchers often tend to apply the metaphor of community to these on-line networks of B2C relationships. However, this term implies durability and a long-term orientation. It does not cover more incidental, short-lived groups of consumers, who therefore should not be treated as communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ability of these short-term, collective consumer phenomena (addressed as e-crowds within the scope of this paper) to create value. Based on a critical literature analysis that considers works from several different fields of knowledge (including management, economics, psychology and media studies) and empirical examples, we argue that while lacking a complex internal organization, e-crowds are capable of creating use, exchange and sign value when certain conditions are met. However, they are equally likely to perform value-destroying activities, which present real risks for companies that interact with e-crowds.
The Importance of Vertical Linkages for the Innovation Activity of Medium-High and High Technology Industries in Poland
Authors: Dzikowski Piotr 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study investigates how vertical linkages impact the innovative activity of both medium-high and high technology industries in Poland. The data for this research were collected in structured telephone or e-mail interviews with managers and company owners. The final data set includes 1,355 firms. The analysis is based on probit modeling that allows us to determine the probability of innovative activity in relation to a number of supplier and customer groups or a type of vertical linkage. We find that the number of suppliers and customers shape innovative activity; specifically, the more groups of suppliers and customers the higher level of innovative activity. This analysis suggests that appropriate suppliers and customers can greatly accelerate innovation activity.
Some properties of the growth and of the algebraic entropy of group endomorphisms
Authors: Giordano Bruno Anna , Spiga Pablo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We study the growth of group endomorphisms, a generalization of the classical notion of growth of finitely generated groups, which is strictly related to algebraic entropy. We prove that the inner automorphisms of a group have the same growth type and the same algebraic entropy as the identity automorphism. Moreover, we show that endomorphisms of locally finite groups cannot have intermediate growth. We also find an example showing that the Addition Theorem for algebraic entropy does not hold for endomorphisms of arbitrary groups.
Expansive automorphisms of totally disconnected, locally compact groups
Authors: Glöckner Helge , Raja C. R. E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We study topological automorphisms α of a totally disconnected,
locally compact group G which are expansive in the sense that

⋂

n
∈
ℤ

α
n

⁢

(
U
)

=

{
1
}

$\bigcap_{n\in{\mathbb{Z}}}\alpha^{n}(U)=\{1\}$

for some identity
neighbourhood

U
⊆
G

${U\subseteq G}$

. Notably, we prove that the automorphism induced by an expansive automorphism α on a quotient group

G
/
N

${G/N}$

modulo an
α-stable closed normal subgroup N is always expansive.
Further results involve the contraction groups

U
α

:=

{

g
∈
G

:

α
n

⁢

(
g
)

→
1

as

n
→
∞

}

.

$U_{\alpha}:=\{g\in G:\mbox{${\alpha^{n}(g)\to 1}$ as ${n\to\infty}$}\}.$

If α is
expansive, then

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

is an open identity
neighbourhood in G. We give examples where

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

fails to be a subgroup. However,

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

is an α-stable, nilpotent open subgroup
of G if G is a closed subgroup of

GL
n

⁡

(

ℚ
p

)

${\operatorname{GL}_{n}({\mathbb{Q}}_{p})}$

.
Further results are devoted to the divisible and torsion parts of

U
α

${U_{\alpha}}$

,
and to the so-called “nub”

nub
⁡

(
α
)

=

U
α

¯

∩

U

α

-
1

¯

${\operatorname{nub}(\alpha)=\overline{U_{\alpha}}\cap\overline{U_{\alpha^{-1}}}}$

of an expansive automorphism.
Inverse problems for linear parabolic equations using mixed formulations – Part 1: Theoretical analysis
Authors: Münch Arnaud , Souza Diego A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider the reconstruction of the solution of a parabolic equation posed inΩ×(0,T){\Omega\times(0,T)}, with a bounded open subset Ω ofℝN{\mathbb{R}^{N}}, from a partial distributed observation. We employ a least-squares technique and minimize theL2{L^{2}}-norm of the distance from the observation to any solution. Taking the parabolic equation as the main constraint, the optimality conditions are reduced to a mixed formulation involving both the state to reconstruct and a Lagrange multiplier. The well-posedness of this mixed formulation, in particular the inf-sup property, is a consequence of classical energy estimates. We then reproduce the arguments to a linear first-order system, involving the normal flux, equivalent to the linear parabolic equation. The method, valid in any spatial dimensionN, may also be employed to reconstruct solutions from boundary observations. With respect to the hyperbolic case, the parabolic situation requires, due to regularization properties, the introduction of an appropriate weight function so as to make the reconstruction stable with respect to standard Sobolev spaces.
Biogeomorphological effects of leaf accumulations in stepped-bed channels: Exploratory study, Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic
Authors: Přibyla Zdeněk , Galia Tomáš , Hradecký Jan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The stepped-bed system, with a step-like longitudinal profile, is typical morphology in steep headwater streams. These systems are created by a series of coarse sediments or instream wood (steps with supercritical flows) interspaced with finer material (forming pools with subcritical flows). In the case of well-developed steps and pools, the resulting channel-reach morphology is referred to as “step-pool” morphology. In this study, we identify a previously undescribed type of step-pool formation, the “foliaged step-pool”, in the high-gradient Stoligy Stream of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains. The defining feature of this formation is the significant presence of leaves in the step structure. The geometry of the steps and pools was measured and the parameters that characterise the distribution, amount and function of leaves acting in these areas were defined. Statistical results showed differences between non-foliaged and foliaged step-pool formations, in which the latter showed a significant increase in storage level, influencing the channel’s hydrodynamics. Particle-size analyses demonstrated that foliaged step-pool formations had finer sediment in the pools, which indicates that there are differences in sediment transport processes between foliaged and non-foliaged formations. These results offer new insights into stepped-bed and step-pool morphology, providing directions for further research on small streams in deciduous forested regions.
Application of Multi-criteria Approach for Sustainability Assessment of Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kluczek Aldona 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper is to present a multi-criteria approach for sustainability assessment of manufacturing processes, which can be applied to carry out the sustainability assessment of manufacturing processes requiring less detailed data, time, and expert knowledge, but still providing a company-level analysis. The analytical hierarchy process method is used to determine ranking of simple and relevant activity areas for manufacturing processes in terms of sustainability objectives. Analytical technique is also employed to assess the degree of sustainability in manufacturing due to limited information which appear to be a characteristic of the case study presented. One goal of sustainability characterization methodology is to improve the manufacturing sustainability performance. Similar to the baseline scenario, sustainability reevaluation for sustainability improvement is also applied and discuses performance profile at the process level. This approach seems particularly useful when comparing different processes. It makes applicable for various industries and might be a challenge to derive priorities for systematic improvement. The applicability and usability of the proposed assessment method was verified by the case study in company producing heating devices.
Does Competitively Distinct Operation Enable Performance in Turbulent Business Environment? A Study on Finnish SMEs
Authors: Timilsina Binod 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Aligning resource choice and operations decision in the value chain (input-process-output) is one of the most important functions of a firm not only to make its operations to be competitively distinct but also very important for the firm’s growth and survival. However, the role of competitively distinct operations in maintaining better performance in dynamic and changing business environment has remained unclear. Therefore, this paper examined the relationship between competitively distinct operations, high efficiency operations and operational performance (research model one). In the similar manner the relationship between turbulent business environments, operational performance and financial performance were also examined (research model two). The study was conducted considering survey responses from 61 small and medium size enterprises from Finland. Correlation test and structural path modelling was used to test and validate the proposed hypothesis and research model. The results showed that competitively distinct operation enables high efficiency operations, which influences operational performance positively and significantly. In the similar manner, operational performance influences financial performance positively and significantly. Likewise, turbulent business environment was found to have a negative impact on operational and financial performance. The research findings are found to be adequate enough to highlight the importance of aligning resource choice and operations decisions in reducing the impact of turbulent business environment on organizational performance.
Information Capacity Database in the Rating Model on the Basis of Polish and Italian Real Estate Markets
Authors: Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata , Biłozor Andrzej 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Preliminary data analyses in decision-making systems and procedures are very important for numerous reasons, in particular because the accumulation and analysis of large data sets is costly and time-consuming. The effective use of decision support systems, including on the real estate market, requires the elimination of noise. The authors have proposed to eliminate redundant data with the use of the modified method for evaluating the capacity of the data set, which is applied in the process of classifying the condition of real estate markets. The proposed procedure (subsystem) is an attempt to improve the effectiveness of analyses relating to the development of methods for rating real estate markets. The proposed solutions will be simulated on the example of leading real estate markets in Poland and Italy.
The Essence of Equivalent Markets in Determining the Market Value of Land Property for Variable Planning Factors
Authors: Wójciak Ewelina 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The leading local legislation act defining the spatial policy is the local development plan, the financing of which is the commune’s responsibility. The beneficiary of activities aimed at the transformation of the intended property use is its owner or its perpetual lessee – with lessees incurring the costs of adopting the local development plans through so-called zoning fees, the amount of which, often controversial, has become the source of numerous lawsuits. The presented problem of an outside-business and often radical change of land value corresponds to the market dilemmas in determining equivalent markets, and establishing price-setting factors and their impact on the value of real estate.
Circles of analysts and appraisers determine equivalent markets radially. This means that the analyzed or valued property is the central point of the monitored area, incorrectly “enclosed” within the geometry of a circle. Such a perception of the dispersion of transaction prices does not reflect the actual nature of the market, as evidenced by the analyses of land property values according to their planning factors, carried out as part of the present paper.
The focal point of the article is a continuous map of land value developed for properties located within the cadastral unit of Podgórze of the city of Krakow which indicates that it is not legitimate to arbitrarily take on the radial approach when designating equivalent markets, which was indirectly approved by Waldo Tobler claiming that: “Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things” (Tobler 1970).
Estimation of the Effect of Changes in Forest Associations on Runoff Processes in Basins: Case Study in the Hron and Topľa River Basins
Authors: Rončák Peter , Hlavčová Kamila , Látková Tamara 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Distributed rainfall-runoff model simulations are often used to evaluate the impact of changes on the generation of runoff. These models have the advantage of reflecting the effects of land use on spatially distributed model parameters. The article deals with changes in forest associations as a result of global climate changes. In this article the WetSpa model was used for estimating the impact of forest changes on the runoff regime in the Hron and Topla river basins, with an emphasis on the parameterization of the land cover properties in the runoff simulations. The parameters of the model were estimated using climate data and three digital map layers: a land-use map, soil map and digital elevation model. This work contains two land use change scenarios of forest associations and also two scenarios of global climate change. Both types of scenarios of changes were prepared, and the runoff under the new conditions was simulated.
Interaction of Buried Pipeline with Soil Under Different Loading Cases
Authors: Magura Martin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Gas pipelines pass through different topographies. Their stress level is influenced not only by gas pressure, but also by the adjacent soil, the thickness of any covering layers, and soil movements (sinking, landslides). The stress level may be unevenly spread over a pipe due to these causes. When evaluating experimental measurements, errors may occur. The value of the resistance reserve of steel can be adjusted by a detailed analysis of any loading. This reserve can be used in the assessment of a pipeline’s actual state or in reconstructions. A detailed analysis of such loading and its comparison with the simple theory of elasticity is shown in this article.
Nitrogen mineralization in forestry-drained peatland soils in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (Central Sudetes Mts)
Authors: Glina Bartłomiej , Bogacz Adam , Woźniczka Przemysław 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine the intensity of nitrogen mineralization in forestry drained ombrotrophic peatland soils in the Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland. Additionally discussion about the shallow organic soils classification according to Polish Soil Classification (2011) is presented. For the study three research transects were established on forestry drained ombrotrophic peatlands in the Stołowe Mountains. Each of the transect consisted of four (site A and B) or five (site C) sampling plots. Sampling was conducted in the year 2012. The soil samples for the basic soil properties analysis were sampled in April, whereas undisturbed soil samples were collected in stainless steel rings (100 cm3) every 10 cm in April (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn) to show the seasonal dynamics of nitrogen mineralization. Statistical analysis showed that the content of N-NH4was mainly determined by actual soil moisture and precipitation rate, whereas the content of N-NO3was positively correlated with air temperature. Among investigated peatlands the highest concentrations of mineral nitrogen forms was observed in the Długie Mokradło bog, situated on the Skalniak Plateau-summit. Additionally, the results obtained showed that implementation of new subtype: shallow fibric peat soils (in Polish: gleby torfowe fibrowe płytkie) within the type of peat soils (in polish: gleby torfowe) should be considered during developing of the next update of Polish Soil Classification.
Forms and mobility of trace elements in soils of park areas from the city of Bydgoszcz, north Poland
Authors: Dąbkowska-Naskręt Halina , Różański Szymon , Bartkowiak Agata 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIncreasing human activity affects urban ecosystem, including soils. The objective of the study were examine the content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and manganese in soils of city parks and green areas from Bydgoszcz agglomeration, north Poland, estimate their forms and mobility, characterize distribution within soil profile, and estimate their origin – anthropogenic or natural. Three green areas from the older part of the city were selected for the study. Multistep sequential extraction method was conducted for the separation of seven metal fractions. It is concluded that soil studied were contaminated mainly by zinc and lead. These metals exist mainly in relatively non mobile forms i.e. associated with amorphous and crystalline iron oxides and with soil organic matter. The distribution within soil depth varied due to the elution process and variation of mixed soil material and additives.