bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family-based intervention of adolescents with eating disorders: The role of assertiveness
Authors: Barrios-Hernandez A.L. , Gonzalez-Cuevas G. , Graell-Berna M. , Blanco Fernandez A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOne of the key profile features of adolescents with Eating Disorders (ED) is a difficulty with assertiveness. Indeed, current research points to the importance of these patients’ perception of excessive control exerted by their families. Because these adolescents generally live with their families of origin, family-based variables may impact the development and evolution of psychosocial risk factors associated with this psychiatric disorder.ObjectiveTo investigate whether adolescents with ED improve on assertive communication as a result of parental assertiveness training.MethodsThe sample was comprised of 50 female adolescents with ED receiving group therapy treatment at Niño Jesús hospital in Madrid. Out of the 77 parents participating in the study, 36 were part of the experimental group and subjected to training in assertive skills (8-week sessions for about 2 hours). In addition, 41 parents formed the control group (with no assertiveness training). Before and after this training (or the same amount of time for the control group), adolescents were administered the psychometric test known as the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS).ResultsA significant increase in RAS scores was found in adolescents whose parents were subjected to the assertiveness training. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in self-restriction scores in patients with ED after their parental assertiveness intervention. No significant changes were observed, however, in the control group.ConclusionsOur results indicate that providing families with educational tools that aim at developing assertive communication may boost the level of assertiveness in adolescents and, thereby, presumably help in the prognosis of ED.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Run for it: Compulsive exercise in adolescents with eating disorders – a nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Levallius J. , Collin C. , Birgegård A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRigorous exercise to control weight and/or shape and to avoid negative affect has been proposed as significant in the etiology, development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), resulting in more severe and enduring pathology. However, few studies have investigated compulsive exercise (CE) among adolescents with EDs.ObjectiveTo study the longitudinal relationship between EDs and CE in adolescents.Aims to investigate if adolescent ED patients show a similar relation between EDs and CE as previous research has found in adults.MethodsA total of 3116 girls and 139 boys from a nationwide clinical EDs database were investigated on CE prevalence and frequency in relation to ED diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms, associated features and outcome. Denial of illness in self-ratings was adjusted for.ResultsAdjusted CE prevalence in girls was 44%; with highest prevalence in bulimia nervosa. Average CE frequency was 3.9 times/week (SD = 2.6). Those with CE scored significantly higher than non-CE on total ED severity, dietary restriction and negative perfectionism (P < 0.001). There were only minor differences between CE and non-CE patients on emotional distress, hyperactivity, suicidality and self-esteem. Among boys, adjusted CE prevalence was 38%, and only total ED severity was significantly related to CE (P < 0.05). Initial CE did not impact prognosis, yet cessation of CE during 1-year follow-up was associated with ED remission.ConclusionsCE is a common clinical feature in adolescents with EDs, as previously found in adults. CE had less detrimental impact on EDs than predicted and cessation was associated with better outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Overweight and obesity's prevalence, identification of risk factors in children and teenagers in two schools of Monteria
Authors: Romero Otalvaro A.M. , Perez-Vargas M. , Pena V. , Martha M. 
Published: June 2017

The research has the intention to determinate the prevalence, risky factors of overweight and obesity in a sample of six hundred people between seven (7) and eighteen (18) years old, chosen by a simple random sampling with exclusion criteria, pathologies that affect the weight and size (diabetes paralysis; malformation or physic limitations). The data was collected through national poll of the nutritional situation and Colombia ENSIN, in the demographic and anthropometric information register and poll identification of food habits and physical activity questionnaire for children PAQ-C. The comparative analysis was made through SPSS in two determined populations by the low and medium social status criteria in the overweight and obesity variables, risky factors related with physical activity food habits and gender. It can be concluded that the population presents normal weight, prone to obesity. Based on the medium socioeconomic status, the percent of male obese teenagers is higher than the female one. Children independent of the socioeconomic status, present a higher percentage of obesity than teenagers. A high percent of population do not do physical exercise. There is no evidence of the relation between socioeconomic level and the presence of unhealthy food habits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Self-admission to in-patient treatment: Patient experiences of a novel approach in the treatment of severe eating disorders
Authors: Strand M. , Bulik C.M. , von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y. , Gustafsson S.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe course of an eating disorder is often prolonged and can lead to enduring disability for many years, with some patients requiring lengthy periods of in-patient care. Unfortunately, there is still little evidence concerning the optimal model of in-patient care for these patients.ObjectivesSelf-admission is a novel treatment tool, whereby patients who have high health care utilization are offered the possibility to self-admit to an inpatient ward for up to seven days, because of deteriorating mental health or any other reason. Purposes behind the model are to increase the availability of in-patient care, to promote autonomy and agency, and to decrease total inpatient care utilization.AimsTo investigate whether self-admission can be beneficial for patients with severe eating disorders.MethodsTwo beds out of eleven at a specialist eating disorders inpatient unit were reserved for self-admission of well-known patients. All participants were interviewed about their experiences in the program at 6 months.ResultsParticipants described an increased sense of agency and safety in their everyday lives. Suggestions were also made, such as a more active outreach approach in promoting admission, providing a continual staff contact during the brief admission episode, and offering a similar self-admission model for day treatment.ConclusionsSelf-admission is a viable tool in the treatment of severe eating disorders and can increase quality of life by providing a safety net and promoting agency. However, logistical obstacles must be addressed in order to promote a constructive use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An explorative look at Jerusalem syndrome and its validity?
Authors: Kumar S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe aim of the explorative study poster is to look into the phenomenon of psychotic disorder/manifestations collectively termed as Jerusalem syndrome – a psychotheological condition characterized by temporary psychosis like symptoms upon visiting Jerusalem.AimThe primary aim is to explore the theories pertaining to the possible causes and psychopathology involved in Jerusalem syndrome with a view to contextualize their credibility and weightage against the extant evidence in neurological science. It would also look at the possible treatments used.MethodA detailed literature search has been undertaken to identify variety of case reviews and publications about Jerusalem syndrome and case interviews of psychiatrists in Jerusalem: dealing with neurological, psychological explanations of the condition; have been proposed by psychiatrist or psychologist and neurologists as a possible psychopathological manifestation.DiscussionThe results are synthesized and presented in a tabular form. The discussion expands on the various theories and their relevance with a view to establish the nosological validity of the condition and the viable treatment models available.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Emotional decision for accepting patients in the ICU in Greece – where are the guidelines?
Authors: Christodoulou I. , Dounias G. , Tsakiridis I. , Peitsidis N. , Lahana C. , Gonezou D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIt is not a rare phenomenon to ask a bed in the ICU in a basis of emergency. Then, the answer coming from the intensivists may be more than surprising. Objective of our study is to highlight the fact that emotional reasons and not medical criteria are the dominant ones for accepting a patient in the ICU.MethodsWe present 4 cases of interest.ResultsA poor Russian 75-year-old man with gastric cancer, anemia and haemodynamic instability was not accepted in the ICU with the oral and not written rejecting answer that he suffers from advanced cancer. A 35-year-old transplanted patient with bone marrow, fever, severe lactic acidosis, was not accepted in the ICU for hours because the intensivist would give her consent only if the patient would undergo a cholecystectomy first! The intensivist was a pneumonologist! In the end multiple liver abscesses were discovered, so an operation would not help. An 80-year-old man operated for colon cancer with haemodynamic instability was accepted in the ICU without delay. A 72-year-old with colon cancer, cachexia, thrombopenia and severe dementia, coming from the Psychiatric Hospital where he remained for months, was accepted in the ICU without delay.ConclusionsIf there is not an Ethics Commitee to examine these unexpectability matters concerning patients needing a place in ICU, then a psychiatric evaluation of Intensive Unit physicians might help, for the good of patients. Would a member of the Parliament or a celebrity receive a “No” from the ICU?Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Fitness to practice and fitness to regulate
Authors: Kurz R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn 2012, forensic psychology Professor Jane Ireland published initial research claiming that two third of psychological assessment reports sampled from UK family courts were ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’. ‘Fitness to practice’ concerns were raised by vested interest and dismissed after a 1-week hearing – four years later.ObjectivesThe presentation outlines the nature of various UK institutions, such as family courts, HCPC and GMC as well as their practices which raise questions about their fitness to regulate.AimsDelegates will start to learn how institutions that purport to serve public interest yet can be easily exploited by vested interests.MethodsCase studies are used to illustrate how extremely serious concerns were ignored but persecution concerns upheld.ResultsIn one case, four courts appointed experts ignored an obvious child trafficking process where a toddler was raped to cover up birth and disappearance of a newborn baby that succeeded from incestuous rape. In spite of a clinical psychologist failing to cover the two index incidents, the concerns did not meet the HCPC ‘Standard of Acceptance’. A ‘revenge concern’ was raised by vested interests. In another case, the GMC refused to investigate a psychiatrist who had lied and rather absurdly claimed that repeatedly seeking return of her children was evidence for a mother's personality disorder. In a widely publicized case Psychiatrist Dr Hibbert accused of unnecessarily, breaking up families was investigated but cleared of misconduct by the GMC.ConclusionsInstitutions tasked with protecting public safety and fairness appear to be unduly biased towards shielding inadequate professionals and persecuting whistle-blowers.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Head banging as a form of self-harm among inpatients within forensic mental health and intellectual disability services
Authors: Chester V. , Alexander R. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction“Head banging” is a common form of self-harm, linked to numerous negative outcomes including significant brain damage. However, little research has investigated the prevalence and correlates of head banging behaviour in clinical populations.MethodHead banging episodes were identified from the incident records (n = 5417) of two inpatient forensic services (one intellectual disability and one mental health), using relevant search terms. Rates were compared between individual patients, by gender, diagnosis and level of security. Incident accounts were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty nine incidents of head banging were recorded, occurring approximately every three days in each service. The prevalence of the behaviour between individual patients varied widely, ranging from one to 38 incidents within one year. Women and patients with intellectual disability appeared more likely to engage in head banging. Qualitative incident reports indicated that head banging was associated with mental distress, anger, and psychotic experiences.DiscussionHead banging occurs frequently in forensic services, and has documented associations with traumatic brain injury in affected individuals, thus negatively impacting progress through the care pathway and treatment outcomes. Further research should investigate short and long term management strategies and treatment approaches, in order to minimise harm.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Intergenerational transmission of antisocial personality disorder: Maternal role and its declination
Authors: Di Giacomo E. , Clerici M. 
Published: June 2017

Antisocial personality disorder is a well-established disease which features space from cruelty to lack of empathy and remorse. Its etiology has been deeply analyzed both for genetic and environmental implications. The role of family context has been underlined throughout the whole psychopathology as an explanation to the etiological conflict between nature and nurture. Even if this conflict seems to be apparently solved, it is still possible to ponder about family implications in terms of causes and consequences. In the antisocial field, maternal role may offer interesting and surprising food for thought. Even if it is commonly believed an intergenerational transmission of aberrant behaviors, particularly in terms of learning behaviors and lack of empathy assimilation, it exists a side part of maternal pathological expression that may play a role in the intergenerational transmission and it is extremely difficult to be detected. Female declination of this disorder may be expressed also through somatic implications and complaints, leading to the hypothesis of a self-reflection of the lack of consideration for other's needs, which is distinctive. It is of extreme importance, particularly in terms of prevention, to consider and identify these connotations of the disorder to be able to try to interrupt the cycle of transmission through generations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A study of the impact of child and adolescent abuse on personality disorders in adult women
Authors: Kachaeva M. , Shport S. , Nuckova E. , Afzaletdinova D. , Satianova L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionResearches on female offenders have indicated a high degree of psychiatric morbidity amongst women. Since the rates of female criminality are rising it would appear important to conduct the study of the relationship between criminal behaviour and psychiatric diagnoses in female offenders.ObjectivesThe main purpose of this investigation is to find out origins of crimes in women and to reveal the influence of child and adolescent maltreatment on personality disorders in adult women.MethodsClinical psychopathological, psychological, statistical.ResultsA cohort of 24 females with diagnosis of personality disorders was examined. All of them had committed crimes of violence. In the majority of the sample women had a previous history of psychiatric admissions (child psychiatric hospitals, adolescent units). The retrospective review revealed that the majority of women in their childhood were exposed to emotional, physical and sexual abuse in their families. Our results point that maltreatment may distort personality formation and social adjustment and contribute to behavior problems, negative relation to socialization and criminal behavior in adulthood.ConclusionThe study revealed that psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence are predictive of adult criminality in females. This findings may be used as prognostic indicators of development of aggression in female forensic patients.The study is supported by the Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations 6-06-00314Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differences in current psychological and physiological subclinical stress levels in forensic patients with psychopathic personality traits
Authors: Nigel S. , Streb J. , Leichauer K. , Hennig B. , Otte S. , Dudeck M. 
Published: June 2017

Stress and its associations with psychopathic traits have been widely studied. However, recent research suggests the distinction between psychological and physiological symptoms of subclinical stress experience. Possible differences regarding these two dimensions of stress and their relations to psychopathy factors have not been investigated yet. Hence, this is the first study on psychological and physiological subclinical stress levels of forensic patients with psychopathic personality traits. We expected to find distinct associations between stress dimensions and psychopathy factors. Therefore, we examined 164 forensic patients with a substance use disorder regarding their psychopathy scores and current stress levels, using the Psychopathy Personality Inventory (PPI) and the Subclinical Stress Questionnaire (SSQ). Our results indicate that only the experience of psychological stress and not physiological stress is predicted by psychopathy. More precisely, the psychopathy factor “Impulsive Antisociality” is a positive predictor of subclinical psychological stress symptoms, while the factor “Fearless Dominance” is a negative predictor. Thereby, gender has an influence as females are more likely to experience psychological and physiological stress. In conclusion, these results imply that forensic patients scoring high on the psychopathy factor “Impulsive Antisociality” experience high levels of psychological distress. This is in line with previous findings describing Impulsive Antisociality as a generally maladaptive trait manifesting in low adaptability and insufficient coping strategies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation of a court liaison and diversion service in London over a quarter of a century
Authors: Ryland H. , Exworthy T. , Shaun G. , Khan A. , Lynne R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOxleas NHS Foundation Trust has run a Court Diversion Service in South East London since 1991. It provides services for people within the earlier stages of the Criminal Justice System.ObjectivesThis evaluation aims to combine data from across the 25-year period since the introduction of the diversion scheme. It seeks to provide a longitudinal picture to elucidate the impact of service changes during this time.MethodsThe evaluation uses data obtained from a variety of sources for four points in time: 2015/2016, 2011, 1999 and 1991. Data across domains was collated to allow longitudinal analysis.ResultsAfter the initial introduction of the scheme in 1991, the total mean time on remand was noted to drop from 67.1 days to 49.5 days (P < 0.001). There were 280 referrals over 18 months in 1991, 210 per year in 1999, 190 in 2011 and 174 between April 2015 and March 2016. Violent crimes increased from 29% in 1991 to 47% in 2011. The proportion with schizophrenia decreased from 31% in 1991 to 18% in 1999, before increasing again to 25% in 2011. The use of Section 37 hospital order disposal decreased from 15% in 1991 to just 4% in 2011.ConclusionsThe court diversion scheme has produced significant benefits since it was introduced in 1991, despite a rise in the proportion of violent alleged offences. Changes to the service have seen decreased use of hospital orders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pregabalin use in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Courtenay K. , Jaydeokar S. , Perera B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPregabalin is a well-established anti-epileptic drug in the treatment of epilepsy. It is also indicated for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder and neuropathic pain. In addition, it has mood modulating properties. In people with intellectual disabilities it is used to treat epilepsy. There is little evidence of the use of pregabalin in managing mental health difficulties in people with intellectual disabilities.ObjectivesTo describe the use of pregabalin in adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodA descriptive case series of adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community, under the care of a community psychiatrist, who are prescribed Pregabalin. Outcomes of treatment were measured using the health of the nation outcome scale for people with intellectual disabilities (HoNOS-LD).ResultsFourteen cases were identified in the community service of adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Twelve were men and two were women. The average age of the sample was 29 years. The range in duration of using pregabalin was from 3 to 72 months. Thirteen adults had a diagnosis of Autism of which three also had ADHD. The indications for using pregabalin and numbers were : anxiety (12); liability of mood (2); generalised anxiety disorder (1); epilepsy (1). The daily dose range was from 150 mg to 300 mg The mean change in HoNOS-LD scores was 32%.ConclusionsPregabalin is a useful treatment in people with intellectual disabilities who experience anxiety. It is especially effective among adults with ID and autism to modulate mood and anxiety symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.