bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nanosized Gly‐Decorated Praseodymium‐Stabilized Selenotungstate Cluster: Synthesis, Structure, and Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Yang Ling , Li Li , Guo Jipeng , Liu Qisen , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA flexible one‐pot strategy with pyramidal SeIV heteroatoms was employed for the assembly of the praseodymium‐containing gly‐decorated polyoxotungstate [{Pr3(H2O)10[Se2W22O76(gly)2]}2(Se2W7O30H2)]18− (1 a), which is constructed from one {Se2W7O30H2} unit and two identical {Pr3(H2O)10[Se2W22O76(gly)2]} units. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of Cs2Na4H12[{Pr3(H2O)10[Se2W22O76(gly)2]}2(Se2W7O30H2)]⋅25 H2O (1) for alkene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide was investigated under mild reaction conditions, and the experimental results suggested that compound 1 exhibits good catalytic performance for the epoxidation of cyclooctene.
Integrated gut/liver microphysiological systems elucidates inflammatory inter‐tissue crosstalk
Authors: Chen Wen L.K. , Edington Collin , Suter Emily , Yu Jiajie , Velazquez Jeremy J. , Velazquez Jason G. , Shockley Michael , Large Emma M. , Venkataramanan Raman , Hughes David J. , Stokes Cynthia L. , Trumper David L. , Carrier Rebecca L. , Cirit Murat , Griffith Linda G. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA capability for analyzing complex cellular communication among tissues is important in drug discovery and development, and in vitro technologies for doing so are required for human applications. A prominent instance is communication between the gut and the liver, whereby perturbations of one tissue can influence behavior of the other. Here, we present a study on human gut‐liver tissue interactions under normal and inflammatory contexts, via an integrative multi‐organ platform comprising human liver (hepatocytes and Kupffer cells), and intestinal (enterocytes, goblet cells, and dendritic cells) models. Our results demonstrated long‐term (>2 weeks) maintenance of intestinal (e.g., barrier integrity) and hepatic (e.g., albumin) functions in baseline interaction. Gene expression data comparing liver in interaction with gut, versus isolation, revealed modulation of bile acid metabolism. Intestinal FGF19 secretion and associated inhibition of hepatic CYP7A1 expression provided evidence of physiologically relevant gut‐liver crosstalk. Moreover, significant non‐linear modulation of cytokine responses was observed under inflammatory gut‐liver interaction; for example, production of CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9,10,11) was synergistically enhanced. RNA‐seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of IFNα/β/γ signaling during inflammatory gut‐liver crosstalk, with these pathways implicated in the synergistic CXCR3 chemokine production. Exacerbated inflammatory response in gut‐liver interaction also negatively affected tissue‐specific functions (e.g., liver metabolism). These findings illustrate how an integrated multi‐tissue platform can generate insights useful for understanding complex pathophysiological processes such as inflammatory organ crosstalk. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2648–2659. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prussian Blue‐Derived Synthesis of Hollow Porous Iron Pyrite Nanoparticles as Platinum‐Free Counter Electrodes for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jeffrey E. , Fan Miao‐Syuan , Chen Yen‐Lin , Deng Yu‐Heng , Kim Jung Ho , Alamri Hatem R. , Alothman Zeid A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Wu Kevin C.‐W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIron pyrite has long been an attractive material for environmental and energy applications, but is hampered by a lack of control over morphology and purity. Hollow porous iron pyrite nanoparticles were synthesized by a direct sulfurization of iron oxide derived from Prussian blue. The high efficiencies of these hollow porous iron pyrite nanoparticles as effective dye‐sensitized solar cell counter electrodes were demonstrated, with an efficiency of 7.31 %.
Production of chemicals from microalgae lipids – status and perspectives
Authors: Hess Sandra K. , Lepetit Bernard , Kroth Peter G. , Mecking Stefan 
Published: July 2017

The engineering of algae strains, cultivation, and further processing steps in microalgae production are considered in view of the utilization of microalgae lipids for chemicals. Insights from biofuel production trials on the one hand and existing processes for very high‐value pharmaceuticals on the other hand are instructive to this end. A recent example of the production of a surfactant from chemical intermediates gained from algae oil and further opportunities are discussed.Microalgae oil lipids are discussed as an alternative source for chemicals. The tuning of lipid production in microalgae via genetic engineering and cultivation optimization for this purpose is reviewed. We further illuminate the bottlenecks of upscaling and the state of the art in industrial algae production by means of three concrete case studies. We give insights into the catalytic functionalization to high‐value products.
Recognition memory: Cellular evidence of a massive contribution of the LEC to familiarity and a lack of involvement of the hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3
Authors: Atucha Erika , Karew Artem , Kitsukawa Takashi , Sauvage Magdalena M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA highly debated issue in memory research is whether familiarity is supported by the parahippocampal region, especially the lateral (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices, or whether it is supported by the same brain structure as recollection: the hippocampus. One reason for this is that conflicting results have emerged regarding the contribution of the hippocampus to familiarity. This might stem from the lack of dissociation between hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3 as these areas are involved to a different extent in processes which are pertinent to familiarity. Another reason is that empirical evidence for a contribution of the LEC is still missing. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the superficial and the deep layers of the LEC would equally contribute to this process as these layers are differentially recruited during memory retrieval which partly relies on familiarity. To identify the specific contribution of the LEC, CA1, and CA3, we imaged with cellular resolution activity in the brain of rats performing a version of a standard human memory task adapted to rats that yields judgments based on familiarity. Using this translational approach, we report that in striking contrast to CA1 and CA3, the LEC is recruited for familiarity‐judgments and that its contribution is comparable to that of the PER. These results show for the first time that the LEC, specifically its deep layers, contributes to familiarity and constitute the first cellular evidence that the hippocampus does not, thus establishing that familiarity does not share the same neural substrate as recollection.
Hippocampal gamma‐slow oscillation coupling in macaques during sedation and sleep
Authors: Richardson Andrew G. , Liu Xilin , Weigand Pauline K. , Hudgins Eric D. , Stein Joel M. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Proekt Alexander , Kelz Max B. , Zhang Milin , Van der Spiegel Jan , Lucas Timothy H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBehavioral and neurophysiological evidence suggests that the slow (≤1 Hz) oscillation (SO) during sleep plays a role in consolidating hippocampal (HIPP)‐dependent memories. The effects of the SO on HIPP activity have been studied in rodents and cats both during natural sleep and during anesthetic administration titrated to mimic sleep‐like slow rhythms. In this study, we sought to document these effects in primates. First, HIPP field potentials were recorded during ketamine‐dexmedetomidine sedation and during natural sleep in three rhesus macaques. Sedation produced regionally‐specific slow and gamma (∼40 Hz) oscillations with strong coupling between the SO phase and gamma amplitude. These same features were seen in slow‐wave sleep (SWS), but the coupling was weaker and the coupled gamma oscillation had a higher frequency (∼70 Hz) during SWS. Second, electrical stimuli were delivered to HIPP afferents in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) during sedation to assess the effects of sleep‐like SO on excitability. Gamma bursts after the peak of SO cycles corresponded to periods of increased gain of monosynaptic connections between the PHG and HIPP. However, the two PHG‐HIPP connectivity gains during sedation were both substantially lower than when the animal was awake. We conclude that the SO is correlated with rhythmic excitation and inhibition of the PHG‐HIPP network, modulating connectivity and gamma generators intrinsic to this network. Ketamine‐dexmedetomidine sedation produces a similar effect, but with a decreased contribution of the PHG to HIPP activity and gamma generation.
Association Between Vertebral Cross-sectional Area and Vertebral Wedging in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Wren Tishya AL , Ponrartana Skorn , Aggabao Patricia C , Poorghasamians Ervin , Gilsanz Vicente 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

A small vertebral cross-sectional area (CSA) imparts a mechanical disadvantage that escalates the risk for vertebral fractures in elderly populations. We examined whether a small vertebral CSA is also associated with a greater degree of vertebral wedging in children. Measurements of vertebral CSA, lumbar lordosis (LL) or thoracic scoliosis angle, and vertebral wedging were obtained in 100 healthy adolescents (50 boys and 50 girls) and 25 girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using magnetic resonance imaging. Vertebral CSA of the lumbar vertebrae negatively correlated to the degree of posteroanterior vertebral wedging at L5 (r = –0.49; p &lt; 0.0001); this was true whether all subjects were analyzed together or boys and girls independently. In contrast, we found a positive correlation between the degree of LL and vertebral wedging (r = 0.57; p &lt; 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the association between vertebral CSA and wedging was independent of age and body mass index. In girls with AIS, vertebral CSA negatively correlated to the degree of lateral thoracic vertebral wedging (r = –0.66; p = 0.0004), an association that persisted even after accounting for age and body mass index. Additionally, Cobb angle positively correlated to lateral thoracic vertebral wedging (r = 0.46; p = 0.021). Our cross-sectional results support the hypothesis that smaller vertebral CSA is associated with greater vertebral deformity during growth, as in adulthood. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Long-Term Effects of Severe Burn Injury on Bone Turnover and Microarchitecture
Authors: Muschitz Gabriela Katharina , Schwabegger Elisabeth , Fochtmann Alexandra , Baierl Andreas , Kocijan Roland , Haschka Judith , Gruther Wolfgang , Schanda Jakob E , Resch Heinrich , Rath Thomas , Pietschmann Peter , Muschitz Christian 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Severe burn injury triggers massive alterations in stress hormone levels with a dose-dependent hypermetabolic status including increased bone resorption. This study evaluated bone microarchitecture measured by noninvasive high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Changes of serum bone turnover markers (BTM) as well as regulators of bone signaling pathways involved in skeletal health were assessed. Standardized effect sizes as a quantitative measure regarding the impact of serum changes and the prediction of these changes on bone microarchitecture were investigated. In total, 32 male patients with a severe burn injury (median total body surface area [TBSA], 40.5%; median age 40.5 years) and 28 matched male controls (median age 38.3 years) over a period of 24 months were included. In patients who had sustained a thermal injury, trabecular and cortical bone microstructure showed a continuous decline, whereas cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and pore volume increased. Initially, elevated levels of BTM and C-reactive protein (CRP) continuously decreased over time but remained elevated. In contrast, levels of soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (sRANKL) increased over time. Osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), intact N-terminal type 1 procollagen propeptide (P1NP), and cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) acutely reflected the increase of Ct.Po at the radius (R2 = 0.41), followed by the reduction of trabecular thickness at the tibia (R2 = 0.28). In adult male patients, early and sustained changes of markers of bone resorption, formation and regulators of bone signaling pathways, prolonged inflammatory cytokine activities in conjunction with muscle catabolism, and vitamin D insufficiency were observed. These alterations are directly linked to a prolonged deterioration of bone microstructure. The probably increased risk of fragility fractures should be of clinical concern and subject to future interventional studies with bone-protective agents. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Assessment of arterial function in pregnancy: recommendations of the International Working Group on Maternal Hemodynamics
Authors: Foo F. L. , McEniery C. M. , Lees C. , Khalil A. ,   International Working Group on Maternal Hemodynamics
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThere is strong evidence supporting the role of maternal arterial dysfunction in pregnancy‐specific disorders such as pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. As more work is focused towards this field, it is important that methods and interpretation of arterial function assessment are applied appropriately. Here, we summarize techniques and devices commonly used in maternal health studies, with consideration of their technical application in pregnant cohorts. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation
Authors: Zuo Lielian , Yue Wenxin , Du Shujuan , Xin Shuyu , Zhang Jing , Liu Lingzhi , Li Guiyuan , Lu Jianhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes
life-long persistence in humans. To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell
transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune
responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful
regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize
current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs
targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are
found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these
clusters increases the CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell response of infected cells. These reports
strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV
is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence
multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes
of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and
modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion,
viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs
in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to
develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.
Existence and qualitative theory for stratified solitary water waves
Authors: Walsh Samuel , Wheeler Miles H. , Chen Robin Ming 
Published: July 2017

This paper considers two-dimensional gravity solitary waves moving through a body of density stratified water lying below vacuum. The fluid domain is assumed to lie above an impenetrable flat ocean bed, while the interface between the water and vacuum is a free boundary where the pressure is constant. We prove that, for any smooth choice of upstream velocity field and density function, there exists a continuous curve of such solutions that includes large-amplitude surface waves. Furthermore, following this solution curve, one encounters waves that come arbitrarily close to possessing points of horizontal stagnation.
We also provide a number of results characterizing the qualitative features of solitary stratified waves. In part, these include bounds on the wave speed from above and below, some of which are new even for constant density flow; an a priori bound on the velocity field and lower bound on the pressure; a proof of the nonexistence of monotone bores in this physical regime; and a theorem ensuring that all supercritical solitary waves of elevation have an axis of even symmetry.
Efficient neural differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells in a serum‐free medium and development of a novel strategy for enrichment of neural cells
Authors: Verma Isha , Rashid Zubin , Sikdar Sujit K. , Seshagiri Polani B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an excellent model to study neural development and function. Although various protocols have been developed to direct the differentiation of PSCs into desired neural cell types, many of them suffer from limitations including low efficiency, long duration of culture, and the use of expensive, labile, and undefined growth supplements. In this study, we achieved efficient differentiation of mouse PSCs to neural lineage, in the absence of exogenous molecules, by employing a serum‐free culture medium containing knockout serum replacement (KSR). Embryoid bodies (EBs) cultured in this medium predominantly produced neural cells which included neural progenitors (15–18%), immature neurons (8–24%), mature neurons (10–26%), astrocytes (27–61%), and oligodendrocytes (∼1%). Different neuronal subtypes including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic neurons were generated. Importantly, neurons generated in the KSR medium were electrically active. Further, the EB scooping strategy, involving the removal of the EB core region from the peripheral EB outgrowth, resulted in the enrichment of PSC‐derived neural cells. Taken together, this study provides the evidence that the KSR medium is ideal for the rapid and efficient generation of neural cells, including functional neurons, from PSCs without the requirement of any other additional molecule.
Small vessel disease, neurovascular regulation and cognitive impairment: post-mortem studies reveal a complex relationship, still poorly understood
Authors: Love Seth , Miners J. Scott 
Published: July 2017

The contribution of vascular disease to cognitive impairment is under-recognized and the pathogenesis is poorly understood. This information gap has multiple causes, including a lack of post-mortem validation of clinical diagnoses of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) or vascular dementia (VaD), the exclusion of cases with concomitant neurodegenerative disease when diagnosing VCI/VaD, and a lack of standardization of neuropathological assessment protocols for vascular disease. Other contributors include a focus on end-stage destructive lesions to the exclusion of more subtle types of diffuse brain injury, on structural abnormalities of arteries and arterioles to the exclusion of non-structural abnormalities and capillary damage, and the use of post-mortem sampling strategies that are biased towards the identification of neurodegenerative pathologies. Recent studies have demonstrated the value of detailed neuropathology in characterizing vascular contributions to cognitive impairment (e.g. in diabetes), and highlight the importance of diffuse white matter changes, capillary damage and vasoregulatory abnormalities in VCI/VaD. The use of standardized, evidence-based post-mortem assessment protocols and the inclusion of biochemical as well as morphological methods in neuropathological studies should improve the accuracy of determination of the contribution of vascular disease to cognitive impairment and clarify the relative contribution of different pathogenic processes to the tissue damage.
Government Intervention and Arbitrage
Authors: Pasquariello Paolo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDirect government intervention in a market may induce violations of the law of one price in other, arbitrage-related markets. I show that a government pursuing a nonpublic, partially informative price target in a model of strategic market-order trading and segmented dealership generates equilibrium price differentials among fundamentally identical assets by clouding dealers’ inference about the targeted asset’s payoff from its order flow, to an extent complexly dependent on existing price formation. I find supportive evidence using a sample of American Depositary Receipts and other cross-listings traded in the major U.S. exchanges, along with currency interventions by developed and emerging countries between 1980 and 2009.Received May 18, 2016; editorial decision May 10, 2017 by Editor Andrew Karolyi.
Clinical Model of Exercise-Related Dyspnea in Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Stevens Daniel , Neyedli Heather F. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Dyspnea is a highly distressing symptom of pulmonary disease that can make performing physical activities challenging. However, little is known regarding the strongest predictors of exercise-related dyspnea in adult cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the best clinical model of exercise-related dyspnea in this patient group.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise testing data from patients with CF being followed up at the Adult CF Program at St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada, from 2002 to 2008 were used for the analysis.

Results:
Patients (n = 88) were male 66%; aged 30.4 ± 9.4 years; body mass index (BMI) 23.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 70% ± 19% predicted; and peak oxygen uptake 74% ± 20% predicted. A multivariate linear regression model assessing the effects of age, sex, BMI, airway obstruction (FEV1), perceived muscular leg fatigue, and dynamic hyperinflation explained 54% of the variance in dyspnea severity at peak exercise (P < .01). Relative importance analysis showed that the presence of dynamic hyperinflation and perceived muscular leg fatigue were the largest contributors.

Conclusions:
Pulmonary rehabilitation programs may consider strategies to reduce dynamic hyperinflation and promote muscular function to best improve exercise-related dyspnea in this patient group.