bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A somewhat unexpected result from the deconvolution of DSC curves for human hair: There is no apparent relation between cortical cell fractions and hair curliness
Authors: Wortmann Franz J. , Wortmann Gabriele 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA deconvolution process has been developed for curves obtained by differential scanning calorimetry in water for Merino wool and the main ethnic hair types. This enables estimation of the fractions of ortho‐ and para‐type cell groups. The results also indicate that hair may contain a further, low‐sulphur subgroup of ortho‐type cells. The sizes of the major cell fractions are in line with expectations from microscopical investigations. The fractions are comparable for hair types, and no consistent association between cell‐type fractions and hair curvature is observed.
Impaired p53/CEP‐1 is associated with lifespan extension through an age‐related imbalance in the energy metabolism of C. elegans
Authors: Yanase Sumino , Suda Hitoshi , Yasuda Kayo , Ishii Naoaki 
Published: November 2017

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the mammalian tumor suppressor p53 ortholog CEP‐1 mediates the stress response, activates germ line apoptosis and regulates meiotic chromosome segregation. A reduction in its expression, which frequently occurs in mammalian cancer cells, extends lifespan and induces an adaptive response in C. elegans. However, these effects do not involve an increase in oxidative stress resistance. Here, we showed that intermittent exposure to hyperoxia, which induces oxidative stress resistance and lowers the production of ROS derived from mitochondrial respiration in C. elegans, slightly improved the lifespan extension of cep‐1 mutant. Interestingly, ATP levels were increased without an increase in oxygen consumption in cep‐1 mutant during aging. In the wild‐type, lactate levels and consequentially the lactate/pyruvate ratio decreased during aging in adults. Furthermore, the expression levels of mitochondrial respiration‐related sco‐1, which is a target of p53/CEP‐1, as well as those of gluconeogenesis regulation and mammalian sirtuin ortholog genes, were also increased in the aged and adaptive conditioned wild‐type animals. In contrast, the lactate/pyruvate ratio increased in cells of the cep‐1 mutant and was amplified by intermittent hyperoxia. These results suggest that impaired p53/CEP‐1 leads to an imbalance in the age‐related energy metabolic alteration between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis and plays an important role in the extension of both intact and adaptive lifespans.
The unbelieved and historians, part III: Responses and elaborations
Authors: Clark Roland , Clossey Luke , Ditchfield Simon , Gordon David M. , Wiesenthal Arlen , Zaman Taymiya R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first two parts of "The Unbelieved" argued for the possibility of the existence of supernatural beings and for their agency in historical writing. This instalment is a roundtable assessing the problems and potential in the category of the Unbelieved and in its knowability. Space limitations prevented our following the rich avenues of further inquiry our extraordinary peer reviewers suggested, but we remain grateful, especially for their reminders of the complexity of motivations of historians who avoid the Unbelieved and their emphasis on the importance of humility as a historian's tool.
Cognitive‐affective drivers of employees' daily compliance with information security policies: A multilevel, longitudinal study
Authors: D'Arcy John , Lowry Paul Benjamin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present a model of employee compliance with information security policy (ISP) that (1) explicates stable, cognitive beliefs regarding the consequences of compliance and noncompliance as well as state‐based affective constructs, namely, positive and negative mood states and episodic, security‐related work‐impediment events, and (2) provides an expanded conceptualisation of moral considerations and normative influences regarding employees' ISP compliance. Because affect is central to this theorisation, we ensure that the model captures and explains differences in day‐to‐day affective constructs to account for the often fleeting nature of affective states. We test our multilevel model using an experience‐sampling methodology design, in which employees completed daily surveys over a 2‐week period, followed by a hierarchal linear modelling statistical assessment. Our contribution to theory is a unique account of ISP compliance that integrates affective factors with constructs from rational choice theory and theory of planned behaviour and that diverges from prior conceptualisations of ISP compliance as a purely stable and reason‐based phenomenon. For practitioners, our results suggest that a combination of cognitive and affective influences may produce discrete episodes of ISP compliance that do not coincide with prior behavioural trends.
Marine species distribution modelling and the effects of genetic isolation under climate change
Authors: Cacciapaglia C. , van Woesik R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimCoral reefs are experiencing both an increasing frequency and intensity of anomalously warm ocean temperatures because of climate change. Studies show that the majority of coral populations will likely decline as temperatures continue to increase, although some previous species‐distribution models predict that ubiquitous species, such as the primary reef‐building coral species Porites lobata, will increase their distribution under projected climate change. These predictive models, however, assume that all individuals of a population are able to tolerate the entire range of environmental conditions within the species’ geographic range. The effects of genetic isolation and local adaptation are not considered in species‐distribution models that assume genetically contiguous populations. We aim to determine the effects of genetic isolation and local adaptation in species‐distribution modelling of the ubiquitous species P. lobata under three climate change scenarios by comparing contiguous and isolated subpopulations.LocationIndian and Pacific Oceans.MethodsWe ran a novel species‐distribution model for P. lobata, segregated as five geographically isolated regions across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and examined the species response to three climate‐change scenarios (i.e., A2, A1B and B1, most recently considered as Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5, 6.0, and 4.5 Wm−2) by the year 2100.ResultsIn contrast with previous homogeneous species‐distribution models that predict a global expansion of P. lobata, (˜5 ± 1%), we predict major losses of suitable habitat for P. lobata in four of the five regions examined, particularly in the central Pacific Ocean (>99% ± <0.1% for all climate scenarios). Indeed, when geographic and genetic isolation were considered, our predictions suggested that P. lobata would lose between 50–52 ± 4% of its habitat, depending on the climate‐change scenario, mainly in the Pacific Ocean.Main conclusionsGenetic isolation will likely play a major role in the persistence of coral species under climate change, and small isolated populations may be more vulnerable to climate change than populations in large, highly connected regions.
A longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of task control circuits and bulimic symptoms over adolescence
Authors: Cyr Marilyn , Fontaine Martine , Stefan Mihaela , Terranova Kate , Kopala‐Sibley Daniel C. , Attia Evelyn , Marsh Rachel 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPrevious cross‐sectional findings from adolescents and adults with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) suggest disturbances in fronto‐striatal and cingulo‐opercular task control circuits that support self‐regulatory processes, including the resolution of cognitive conflict. Herein, we used longitudinal data to examine the developmental trajectories of such disturbances and how the functioning of these circuits relates to changes in BN symptoms over adolescence.MethodsThirty‐two adolescent females with BN symptoms and 28 healthy control (HC) adolescents participated in the study. Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) during performance of a Simon task were acquired at three time points within 2‐year intervals over adolescence. From the initial sample, 70% and 30% of the participants completed the second and third time points, respectively. Participants who completed all study time points did not differ from those lost to attrition on baseline demographic characteristics or any outcome measures. Using a region‐of‐interest approach, growth curve models tested group differences in the trajectory of conflict‐related activation in task control circuits over time. Cross‐lagged panel models examined transactional relationships between conflict‐related activation in the same regions and BN symptoms over time.ResultsGrowth curve models revealed different trajectories of conflict‐related activation in right task control regions across BN and HC adolescents, such that HC but not BN adolescents showed activation decreases over time. These group differences were greatest when including only the BN adolescents whose symptoms remitted over time. Cross‐lagged panel models revealed that less frequent bulimic episodes at first follow‐up predicted later increases in conflict‐related activation in bilateral task control regions.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings suggest overengagement of task control circuits in BN adolescents, especially those most resilient to persistent illness. Such overengagement may compensate for regulatory disturbances, allowing them to regulate eating behaviors over development. Thus, task control circuits may constitute targets for early interventions that enhance self‐regulatory control.
Effect of the gluten‐free diet on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coeliac disease: A systematic review
Authors: Potter Michael D E , Brienesse Stephen C , Walker Marjorie M , Boyle Andrew , Talley Nicholas J 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsA gluten‐free diet (GFD), the mainstay of treatment for celiac disease, is being increasingly adopted by people without this condition. The long‐term health effects of this diet, apart from its beneficial effect on enteropathy in celiac disease, are unclear. Concerns exist that the GFD may result in micronutrient deficiencies, increased exposure to toxins such as arsenic, and an increased cardiovascular risk. This systematic review addresses the effect of the GFD on several modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of the literature addressing the GFD and blood pressure, glycaemia, body mass index, waist circumference, and serum lipids in patients before and after adoption of a GFD was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases. Two authors performed abstract and full text screening, and quality assessment.ResultsA total of 5372 articles were identified, from which 27 were included. Lack of control groups in all but one study prevented meta‐analysis of results. Overall study quality was low and restricted to patients with celiac disease. Consistent findings across studies included an increase in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, fasting glycaemia, and body mass index (while remaining within the healthy weight range). Significant changes in low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure were not consistently reported.ConclusionsA GFD alters certain cardiovascular risk factors in patients with celiac disease, but the overall effect on cardiovascular risk is unclear. Further studies are warranted.
3‐O‐Glyceryl‐2‐O‐hexyl ascorbate suppresses melanogenesis by interfering with intracellular melanosome transport and suppressing tyrosinase protein synthesis
Authors: Taira Norihisa , Katsuyama Yushi , Yoshioka Masato , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundAscorbic acid (AsA) has multifunctional benefits on skin beauty, such as the reduction in oxidative stress and the induction of collagen production. Among them, the prevention and improvement of skin pigmentation by AsA is a most important benefit for people. However, it is well known that AsA not only is quite unstable in formulations but it also has a low capability of skin penetration due to its hydrophilic property. In addition, existing water‐soluble AsA derivatives that were developed to improve its stability also have low skin penetration.AimTo investigate the potential of a newly synthesized amphiphilic derivative of AsA, 3‐O‐Glyceryl‐2‐O‐hexyl ascorbate (VC‐HG), which has an added glyceryl group and a hexyl group, on skin beauty focusing on its skin lightening/whitening effects.MethodsDNA microarray analysis and real‐time PCR were used to clarify the effects of VC‐HG on melanogenesis using B16 mouse melanoma cells. The effects of VC‐HG on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase protein levels, and the inhibition of tyrosinase activity were evaluated.ResultsDNA microarray analysis revealed that treatment with VC‐HG downregulated the expression of genes encoding tyrosinase and MyosinVa. Further, real‐time PCR analysis showed the downregulation of tyrosinase, MyosinVa, Rab27a, and Kinesin mRNAs following VC‐HG treatment. In addition, VC‐HG caused decreases in tyrosinase protein levels and melanin synthesis.ConclusionWe conclude that VC‐HG has an impact on skin lightening/whitening by inhibiting tyrosinase protein synthesis and interfering with intracellular melanosome transport.
Dental provider practices and perceptions regarding adolescent vaccination
Authors: Naleway Allison L. , Henninger Michelle L. , Waiwaiole Lisa A. , Mosen David M. , Leo Michael C. , Pihlstrom Daniel J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess dental providers' clinical practices and perceptions regarding adolescent vaccinations.MethodsWe surveyed 234 dental providers in an integrated health care setting in Portland, Oregon, in March‐April 2015. We assessed participants' knowledge of adolescent vaccines, barriers to recommending vaccines, and their perceived role in the promotion of vaccination and preventive medical care.ResultsOver 80 percent of respondents correctly identified influenza, tetanus‐diphtheria‐acellular pertussis, and human papillomavirus as vaccinations recommended for adolescents; 60 percent correctly identified meningococcal conjugate. Forty‐four percent of providers reported previously discussing vaccination with their adolescent patients. Lack of knowledge (66 percent), uncertainty about whether patients would accept recommendations (62 percent), and lack of time (61 percent) were commonly reported barriers. While few providers expressed personal concerns about the safety (13 percent) and effectiveness (10 percent) of adolescent vaccines, most believed parents had concerns about safety (70 percent) and effectiveness (60 percent). Although 80 percent endorsed the premise that providers should discuss preventive medical care with their patients, only 54 percent said they should discuss vaccinations specifically.ConclusionsDental providers reported several barriers to recommending vaccines. While comfortable with discussing preventive medical care in general, providers are less comfortable making vaccine recommendations to their patients. Vaccine recommendations are not a traditional practice among dental providers and may require additional education and communication tools.
The impact of the affordable care act's Medicaid expansion on dental care use through 2016
Authors: Nasseh Kamyar , Vujicic Marko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act on dental care use among low‐income adults ages 21‐64.MethodsOur analysis uses national survey data from the 2010‐2016 Gallup Wellbeing‐Index. We use a differences‐in‐differences analysis to assess changes since the end of 2013 in dental care use among low‐income adults. We compare changes in states that expanded Medicaid and offer adult Medicaid dental benefits versus changes in other states.ResultsRelative to the pre‐reform period and other states, in Medicaid expansion states with adult dental benefits, dental care use increased 3‐6 percentage points in 2016.ConclusionsIn Medicaid expansion states with adult dental benefits, evidence suggests that low‐income adults have greater access to dental care.
Impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral treatment on the need for liver transplantation (LT)
Authors: Sáez‐González Esteban , Vinaixa Carmen , San Juan Fernando , Hontangas Vanesa , Benlloch Salvador , Aguilera Victoria , Rubín Angel , García María , Prieto Martín , López‐Andujar Rafa , Berenguer Marina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTherapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection. The effect of these therapies on the epidemiology of liver transplantation (LT) has yet to be elucidated.AimTo establish whether the indications for LT have changed as a result of the introduction of new therapies for HCV.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study based on a prospectively maintained registry of patients who undergo LT at La Fe Hospital in Valencia from 1997 to 2016. An analysis of outcome measures over time stratified by LT indications was performed.ResultsFrom January 1997 to December 2016, 2379 patients were listed for LT. Of these, 1113 (47%) were listed for HCV cirrhosis±hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This percentage varied significantly over time declining from 48.8% in the 1997‐2009 initial period (IFN‐based regimens) to 33% in the 2014‐2016 final period (DAAs regimens) (P = .03). However, during that period, the proportion of those included in the waiting list (WL) due to HCV‐HCC increased significantly (P = .001). In addition, among HCV‐positive waitlisted patients with decompensated cirrhosis without HCC, the proportion of those with an HCV‐alcohol mixed etiology also increased significantly over time (P = .001). Of all HCV‐positive waitlisted patients, 203 were eventually removed from the WL due to either clinical improvement (n = 77) or more frequently worsening/death (n = 126).ConclusionsThe proportion of patients wait‐listed for LT for decompensated HCV cirrhosis has significantly decreased over time. These changes are possibly related to the large‐scale use of direct‐acting antivirals.
Hepatic iron overload in the portal tract predicts poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Chung Jung Wha , Shin Eun , Kim Haeryoung , Han Ho‐Seong , Cho Jai Young , Choi Young Rok , Hong Sukho , Jang Eun Sun , Kim Jin‐Wook , Jeong Sook‐Hyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatic iron overload is associated with liver injury and hepatocarcinogenesis; however, it has not been evaluated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia. The aim of this study was to clarify the degree and distribution of intrahepatic iron deposition, and their effects on the survival of HCC patients.MethodsIntrahepatic iron deposition was examined using non‐tumorous liver tissues from 204 HCC patients after curative resection, and they were scored by 2 semi‐quantitative methods: simplified Scheuer's and modified Deugnier's methods. For the Scheuer's method, iron deposition in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was separately evaluated, while for the modified Deugnier's method, hepatocyte iron score (HIS), sinusoidal iron score (SIS) and portal iron score (PIS) were systematically evaluated, and the corrected total iron score (cTIS) was calculated by multiplying the sum (TIS) of the HIS, SIS, and PIS by the coefficient.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hepatic iron was 40.7% with the simplified Scheuer's method and 45.1% with the modified Deugnier's method with a mean cTIS score of 2.46. During a median follow‐up of 67 months, the cTIS was not associated with overall survival. However, a positive PIS was significantly associated with a lower 5‐year overall survival rate (50.0%) compared with a negative PIS (73.7%, P = .006). In the multivariate analysis, a positive PIS was an independent factor for overall mortality (hazard ratio, 2.310; 95% confidence interval, 1.181‐4.517).ConclusionsIntrahepatic iron deposition was common, and iron overload in the portal tract indicated poor survival in curatively resected HCC patients.
Reproductive isolation and environmental adaptation shape the phylogeography of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae)
Authors: Dowle Eddy J. , Bracewell Ryan R. , Pfrender Michael E. , Mock Karen E. , Bentz Barbara J. , Ragland Gregory J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChromosomal rearrangement can be an important mechanism driving population differentiation and incipient speciation. In the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae), deletions on the Y chromosome that are polymorphic among populations are associated with reproductive incompatibility. Here, we used RAD sequencing across the entire MPB range in western North America to reveal the extent of the phylogeographic differences between Y haplotypes compared to autosomal and X‐linked loci. Clustering and geneflow analyses revealed three distinct Y haplogroups geographically positioned within and on either side of the Great Basin Desert. Despite close geographic proximity between populations on the boundaries of each Y haplogroup, there was extremely low Y haplogroup mixing among populations, and gene flow on the autosomes was reduced across Y haplogroup boundaries. These results are consistent with a previous study suggesting that independent degradation of a recently evolved neo‐Y chromosome in previously isolated populations causes male sterility or inviability among Y haplotype lineages. Phylogeographic results supported historic contraction of MPB into three separate Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by postglacial range expansion and secondary contact. Distinct sets of SNPs were statistically associated with environmental data among the most genetically distinct sets of geographic populations. This finding suggests that the process of adaptation to local climatic conditions is influenced by population genetic structure, with evidence for largely independent evolution in the most genetically isolated Y haplogroup.