bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random walk on spheres method for solving drift-diffusion problems
Authors: Sabelfeld Karl K. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The well-known random walk on spheres method (RWS) for the Laplace equation is here extended to drift-diffusion problems. First we derive a generalized spherical mean value relation which is an extension of the
classical integral mean value relation for the Laplace equation. Next we give a probabilistic interpretation
of the kernel. The distribution on the sphere generated by this kernel is then related to the von Mises–Fisher distribution
on the sphere which can be efficiently simulated. The rigorous expressions are given for the case of constant velocity drift,
but the algorithm is then extended to solve drift-diffusion problems with arbitrary varying drift velocity vector.
Applications to cathodoluminescence and EBIC imaging of defects and dislocations in semiconductors are discussed.
Edibles and Other Offerings to Readers: The Politics of Gender and Food in Narrative Fiction
Authors: Colăcel Onoriu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
From the perspective of an apparently absent author, the rhetorical commonplaces of womanhood and nourishment are mentioned in the novels of Margaret Atwood, The Edible Woman (1969), and of Jillian Medoff, Hunger Point (2002). Although traditionally relegated to contextualizing devices, the unfolding of events makes a riddle out of cooking and eating for the purpose of dramatic effect. Reporting on what might come across as domestic chores points to the topicality of food intake as well as to all the drama eating disorders entail. In the background of events, the ‘whodunit’ and the ‘kitchen sink drama’ come together into one unlikely story. The benefits of hindsight make it possible to argue that celebrated feminist novels of the past century, i.e. The Edible Woman, provided later 21st century fiction, i.e. Hunger Point, with something more than narrative emphasis on binary gender relations. I find that the gender-roles debate, as recorded in Atwood’s work, gained enough cultural momentum to prove the ready availability of the image of the nurturing female throughout the 20th century and beyond. As far as feminist fictions are concerned, over/under-feeding is always somewhere in the background, if not what drives the plot forward. Commonly, distress among fictional characters, mostly women, is linked to body weight and dieting in ways that threaten to relegate, possibly once and for good, the notions of women and food to the realm of melodrama, as it is the case with Hunger point.
Insights into the multistep transformation of titanate nanotubes into nanowires and nanoribbons
Authors: Baszczuk Agnieszka , Jasiorski Marek , Borak Beata , Wódka Jerzy 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Different types of titanate one-dimensional nanostructured materials were synthesized and characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results presented in this work unquestionably showed dependence of morphology and structure of the titanate nanopowders on parameters of hydrothermal synthesis. It was found that nanotubes, nanowires and nanoribbons are three unavoidable kinetic products of hydrothermal reaction. Moreover, increasing temperature of reaction or hydrothermal treatment duration results in acceleration of nanotube-nanowire-nanoribbon transformation. However, the sequence of titanate morphology transformation is invariable. The detailed studies further revealed that the crystal structure of hydrothermally prepared nanotubes and nanowires are indistinguishable but the determination of the exact structure is practically impossible. Because of higher crystallinity, the structure of nanoribbons can be established. It was shown that it corresponds to the monoclinic layered trititanic acid H2Ti3O7 and is isostructural with sodium derivatives Na2_xHxTi3O7.nH20 (with x near 2).
The same or different: A comparison of the rhythmic structure of Swedish and Albanian
Authors: Tronnier Mechtild , Zetterholm Elisabeth 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is to give an account of the similarities or dissimilarities of the speech rhythm of Swedish and Albanian. In this study, temporal features were focused on to ascertain rhythmic differences between the two languages. The interest for this study arose when a clear rhythmic variation was observed in the accented Swedish L2 speech produced by L1-speakers of Albanian, namely the lack of attributes like reduction in unstressed syllables. It was thus hypothesised that speakers of L1-Swedish would produce larger variation in length of vocalic and/or consonantal intervals than L1-speakers of Albanian. The recorded material comprised read speech produced by seven L1-speakers of both languages. Various acoustic metrics were applied to analyse the rhythm. Results show differences between Swedish and Albanian speech for both non-normalised and normalised metrics only for the vocalic intervals, but with an unexpected outcome. In that way, larger length variation for vocalic intervals in the Albanian material than in the Swedish material was found. Therefore, the occurrence of reduction phenomena also in Albanian can be stated. These findings contradict the assumption that transfer from L1-Albanian was the reason for lack of reduction in L2-Swedish, as observed previously.
Drilling studies on the prepared aluminum metal matrix composite from wet grinder stone dust particles
Authors: Xavier L. Francis , Suresh Paramasivam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The demand for high-performance and cost-effective composite materials is gaining attention in today’s competitive world. In this work, an attempt has been made to prepare low-cost reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite by reinforcing 10% and 20% weight fractions of wet grinder stone dust (WSD) particles, an industrial waste produced during stone dressing operation in the wet grinder manufacturing industry. As drilling is one of the major machining operations carried out in industries, the prepared composite materials are subjected to drilling studies using carbide, TiN-coated carbide, and HSS drills of 5 mm diameter under dry conditions. The major concern with the machining of composites is the extreme tool wear. Tool wear is a very important and challenging task for manufacturing engineers because it has adverse affects on the product quality and increases the production cost. Hence, there is a need to identify the factors that have most significant influence on the tool wear. In this work, the Taguchi-based design of experiments and analysis of variance were used to determine the optimal cutting parameters and to analyze their effects on thrust force, torque, and tool wear. Multivariable linear regression analysis was also employed to determine the correlations between the factors and the response, namely, thrust force, torque, and tool wear. Finally, a confirmation test was conducted to validate the Taguchi optimization method. From the experimental results, feed rate was identified as the dominant factor influencing the thrust force and spindle speed was identified as the significant factor influencing the torque. Thrust force, torque, and tool wear were found to increase with the increase in the reinforcement content irrespective of the drill used for the investigation.
Emotions in Philosophy. A Short Introduction
Authors: Dąbrowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been a renewed attention to the emotions amongst scientists of different disciplines: psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology, cognitive science, computer science, sociology, economics, and many others. There are many research centers and scientific journals devoted to affective states already existing. However, studies of emotion have a very long history - especially in philosophy (anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, and rhetoric). Philosophers first raised many important questions about emotions and their contribution to the discovery of the nature of emotions is very important. The aim of the article is the reconstruction of the views on emotions of particular thinkers in history of philosophy.
Religious Belief is Not Natural. Why Cognitive Science of Religion Does Not Show That Religious Belief is Trustworthy
Authors: Van Eyghen Hans 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that the new emerging discipline cognitive science of religion has a bearing on how to think about the epistemic status of religious beliefs. Both defenders and opponents of the rationality of religious belief have used cognitive theories of religion to argue for their point. This paper will look at the defender-side of the debate. I will discuss an often used argument in favor of the trustworthiness of religious beliefs, stating that cognitive science of religion shows that religious beliefs are natural and natural beliefs ought to be trusted in the absence of counterevidence. This argument received its most influential defense from Justin Barrett in a number of papers, some in collaboration with Kelly James Clark. I will discuss their version of the argument and argue that it fails because the natural beliefs discovered by cognitive scientists of religion are not the religious beliefs of the major world religions. A survey of the evidence from cognitive science of religion will show that cognitive science does show that other beliefs come natural and that these can thus be deemed trustworthy in the absence of counterevidence. These beliefs are teleological beliefs, afterlife beliefs and animistic theistic beliefs.
‘Responsible Interim’: Revising Hermeneutics and Ethics in the Era of Globalization and Religious Plurality. Philosophical and Sociological Reflections on the Modern State of Religion
Authors: Fritsch-Oppermann Sybille C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractComing from a more comparative point of view as far as Theology of Religions and Interreligious Studies are concerned – though to a certain extent as well as a pluralist in the sense of hope for universal understanding and well-being – I want to ask how Interreligious and Intercultural Hermeneutics are a necessary tool when we try to set up minimal standards for a Global Ethics in the reality of nowadays multicultural societies. I introduce for Ethics as well as for Hermeneutics the concept of ‘Responsible Interim’ – the latter reflecting the fact that human beings do have universals only under the ‘eschatological reserve’ (in Christian terminology), as ‘Suchness in Emptiness’ (in Buddhist terminology). I will proceed from universal truth questions and more general questions of philosophy of religion towards questions of cultural i.e. religious contexts shaping ethical and religious view(s) and convictions. Can smallest common denominators be found? How does legal rule help to establish and keep them? How does society, how do individuals change by starting from a spiritual, creative and holistic and maybe even transpersonal point of view – a view of co-creation and incarnatio continua in religious, i.e. in Christian terminology again?
Processing of Intraoral Olfactory and Gustatory Signals in the Gustatory Cortex of Awake Rats
Authors: Samuelsen Chad L. , Fontanini Alfredo 
Published: November 2016

The integration of gustatory and olfactory information is essential to the perception of flavor. Human neuroimaging experiments have pointed to the gustatory cortex (GC) as one of the areas involved in mediating flavor perception. Although GC's involvement in encoding the chemical identity and hedonic value of taste stimuli is well studied, it is unknown how single GC neurons process olfactory stimuli emanating from the mouth. In this study, we relied on multielectrode recordings to investigate how single GC neurons respond to intraorally delivered tastants and tasteless odorants dissolved in water and whether/how these two modalities converge in the same neurons. We found that GC neurons could either be unimodal, responding exclusively to taste (taste-only) or odor (odor-only), or bimodal, responding to both gustatory and olfactory stimuli. Odor responses were confirmed to result from retronasal olfaction: monitoring respiration revealed that exhalation preceded odor-evoked activity and reversible inactivation of olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium significantly reduced responses to intraoral odorants but not to tastants. Analysis of bimodal neurons revealed that they encode palatability significantly better than the unimodal taste-only group. Bimodal neurons exhibited similar responses to palatable tastants and odorants dissolved in water. This result suggested that odorized water could be palatable. This interpretation was further supported with a brief access task, where rats avoided consuming aversive taste stimuli and consumed the palatable tastants and dissolved odorants. These results demonstrate the convergence of the chemosensory components of flavor onto single GC neurons and provide evidence for the integration of flavor with palatability coding.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFood perception and choice depend upon the concurrent processing of olfactory and gustatory signals from the mouth. The primary gustatory cortex has been proposed to integrate chemosensory stimuli; however, no study has examined the single-unit responses to intraoral odorant presentation. Here we found that neurons in gustatory cortex can respond either exclusively to tastants, exclusively to odorants, or to both (bimodal). Several differences exist between these groups' responses; notably, bimodal neurons code palatability significantly better than unimodal neurons. This group of neurons might represent a substrate for how odorants gain the quality of tastants.
Predictors of malignancy in patients with pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas: Asian Indian experience
Authors: Khadilkar Kranti , Sarathi Vijaya , Kasaliwal Rajeev , Pandit Reshma , Goroshi Manjunath , Malhotra Gaurav , Dalvi Abhay , Bakshi Ganesh , Bhansali Anil , Rajput Rajesh , Shivane Vyankatesh , Lila Anurag , Bandgar Tushar , Shah Nalini S 
Published: November 2016

Background and aims
Malignant transformation of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) is a rare occurrence, and predictive factors for the same are not well understood. This study aims to identify the predictors of malignancy in patients with PCC/PGL.

Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 142 patients with either PCC or PGL registered at our institute between 2000 and 2015. Records were evaluated for clinical parameters like age, gender, familial/syndromic presentation, symptomatic presentation, biochemistry, size, number and location of tumours and presence of metastases and mode of its diagnosis.

Results
Twenty patients were found to have metastases; 13 had metastases at diagnosis and seven during follow-up. Metastases were detected by radiology (CT-neck to pelvis) in 11/20 patients (5/13 synchronous and 6/7 metachronous), 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in five (2/12 synchronous and 3/6 metachronous) patients and 18F-flurodeoxyglucose PET/CT in 15 (12/12 synchronous and 3/3 metachronous) patients. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (8.3 ± 4.1 cm, range: 3–22 cm vs 5.7 ± 2.3 cm, range: 2–14 cm, P = 0.0001) and less frequently metanephrine secreting. On linear regression analysis, tumour size and lack of metanephrine secretion were the independent predictors of malignancy.

Conclusions
Patients with primary tumour size >5.7 cm and lack of metanephrine secretory status should be evaluated for possible malignancy not only at diagnosis but also in the postoperative period. As compared to CT and 131I-MIBG scan, 18F-flurodeoxyglucose PET/CT analyses are better (sensitivity: 100%) for the diagnosis of metastases in our study.
Prenatal Iron Deficiency, Neonatal Ferritin, and Infant Cognitive Function
Authors: Mireku Michael O. , Davidson Leslie L. , Boivin Michael J. , Zoumenou Romeo , Massougbodji Achille , Cot Michel , Bodeau-Livinec Florence 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the impact of prenatal maternal iron deficiency (ID) on cord blood serum ferritin (CBSF) concentration and infant cognitive and motor development.

METHODS:
Our prospective cohort study included 636 mother-singleton child pairs from 828 eligible pregnant women who were enrolled during their first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Allada, Benin, into a clinical trial comparing the efficacy of mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Venous blood samples of women were assessed for ferritin and hemoglobin concentrations at the first and second ANC visits (occurring at least 1-month apart) and at delivery. Women were prescribed daily iron and folic acid supplements throughout pregnancy. Hematologic examinations were repeated for cord blood at birth. At age 1 year, cognitive and motor functions of children were assessed by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of prenatal ID at first and second ANC visits, and at delivery was 30.5%, 34.0%, and 28.4%, respectively. CBSF concentrations were similar between ID and non-ID pregnant women. Neither prenatal ID nor CBSF concentration was associated with poor cognitive or gross motor function of children at age 1 year. CBSF concentrations were lower among mothers who had ID anemia (IDA) at delivery compared with non-IDA pregnant women (adjusted mean difference: –0.2 [95% confidence interval: –0.4 to –0.0]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In a malaria-endemic region, ID in pregnancy in the context of iron supplementation is neither associated with CBSF concentration nor with infant cognitive and motor development. Prenatal IDA around the time of delivery is associated with lower CBSF concentrations.
Coronally advanced flap surgery with enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of gingival recession: a systematic review
Authors: Barrozo Yan De Lima , Da Silveira Virgínia Régia Souza , Martins Ricardo Souza , Carvalho Rosimary Sousa , Moreira Maria Mônica Studart Mendes 
Published: November 2016

Objective: Based on a review of the literature, we evaluated the clinical effect of the combination of enamel matrix derivative proteins (EMDP) and coronally advanced flap (CAF) surgery in the treatment of gingival recession (GR).Methods: Information was retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Controlled, randomized clinical studies of intervention in humans published in English or Spanish between 2000 and 2013 were eligible.Results: The initial sample consisted of 171 publications. Of these, eight were selected which compared CAF+EMDP (study) with CAF alone (control) in the treatment of GR. Invariably, RH decreased in both the study group and the control group. Likewise, GR width and probing depth decreased and the clinical attachment level increased in both groups, but results were significantly better in the study group. Conclusion: Despite the absence of an overall significant difference between treatment with CAF + EMDP and CAF alone, the addition of EMDP appears to increase the likelihood of achieving complete root coverage and clinically and aesthetically satisfactory results.
Conservative treatment of enamel hypomineralization: microabrasion and bleaching for re-estabilishing esthetics
Authors: Da Cunha Leonardo Fernandes , De Souza Juliana Feltrin , Baechtold Marina Samara , Correr Gisele Maria , Nescimento Bruna Luiza , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia 
Published: November 2016

Objective: Dental hypomineralization such as dental fluorosis has increased in recent times, which leads to unaesthetic appearance of teeth visible at close quarters. There are different treatment possibilities to improve the aesthetic appearance of hypomineralized enamel described in dental literature. The enamel microabrasion has been a feasible alternative, since it is a fast, safe, conservative, and easy to perform, which promotes good esthetic results. oreover, this technique is a conservative method that improves the appearance of the teeth without causing significant structural loss. The association of different techniques, such as dental bleaching, can provide good esthetic outcomes, but the etiology, intensity and depth of stain should be considered. Thus, the aim of this article is to describe an easy technique for managing mild to moderate dental fluorosis using microabrasion in association with dental bleaching.Case Report: First, application of the microabrasion material on the enamel surface was performed with 6% hydrochloric acid and silicon carbide and then with 37% phosphoric acid and pumice paste. Subsequently, dental bleaching employing 10% carbamide peroxide gel was indicated.Conclusion: This conservative approach may be considered an interesting alternative treatment to remove fluorosis staining and to improve aesthetic appearance.
Orofacial Findings and Dental Management of a Child with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Pereira Luciana , Soares Daniela Novaes , Pedro Rafael De Lima , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly Da Silva , Costa Marcelo Castro , Castro Gloria Fernanda Barbosa de Araújo 
Published: November 2016

Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem, congenital and panethnic disorder characterized by developmental and physical abnormalities. Developmental abnormalities in dentition are frequently observed in various patients with craniofacial syndromes, however there are a few reports regarding dental management in patients with WS. The aim of the present report is to describe the case of a 6-year-old child with characteristic facial features of WS with remarkable orofacial findings and the ensuing dental management. An intraoral examination revealed a mixed dentition period, with tooth agenesis and caries requiring treatment such as extraction, restoration and fluoride application. The dental treatment was carried out under local anesthesia and was completed successfully. Since then clinical and radiographic evaluations have been conducted periodically.
FISH WELFARE: APAKAH IKAN DAPAT MERASAKAN SAKIT DAN NYERI?
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana , Dugue Remi , Sugiani Desy , Wadjdy Edy Farid , Setiadi Setiadi 
Published: November 2016

Abstrak lengkap dapat dilihat pada Full PDF Masalah etika pokok dalam penelitian adalah "apakah tidak ada pelanggaran kewajiban moral untuk menghormati makhluk hidup, meskipun tujuan penelitiannya justru untuk memajukan kehidupan manusia".