bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokinin signaling inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Samanovic Marie I. , Hsu Hao-Chi , Jones Marcus B. , Jones Victoria , McNeil Michael R. , Becker Samuel H. , Jordan Ashley T. , Strnad Miroslav , Xu Changcheng , Jackson Mary , Li Huilin , Darwin K. Heran 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIt was reported the human-exclusive pathogenMycobacterium (M.) tuberculosissecretes cytokinins, which previously had only been known as plant hormones. Cytokinins are adenine-based signaling molecules in plants that have never been shown to participate in signal transduction in other kingdoms of life. Here, we show that cytokinins induce the strong expression of theM. tuberculosisgene, Rv0077c. We found that a TetR-like transcriptional regulator, Rv0078, directly repressed expression of the Rv0077c gene. Strikingly, cytokinin-induced expression of Rv0077c resulted in a loss of acid-fast staining ofM. tuberculosis. Although acid-fast staining is thought to be associated with changes in the bacterial cell envelope and virulence, Rv0077c-induced loss of acid-fastness did not affect antibiotic susceptibility or attenuate bacterial growth in mice. Collectively, these findings show cytokinins signal transcriptional changes that affect theM. tuberculosiscell envelope, and that cytokinin signaling is no longer limited to the kingdom plantae.
Exosomes regulate Neurogenesis and Circuit Assembly in a Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Mesci Pinar , Carromeu Cassiano , McClatchy Daniel , Schiapparelli Lucio , Yates John R , Muotri Alysson R. , Cline Hollis T 
Published: July 2017

SummaryExosomes are thought to be secreted by all cells in the body and to be involved in intercellular communication. Here, we tested whether neural exosomes regulate the development of neural circuits and whether exosome-mediated signaling may be aberrant in the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett Syndrome (RTT). Quantitative proteomic analysis comparing exosomes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) - derived RTT patient or control neural cultures indicates that control exosomes contain signaling components capable of influencing neuronal development and function, which are lacking in RTT exosomes. Moreover, treatment with control exosomes rescues neuron number, apoptosis, synaptic puncta and synchronized firing phenotypes of MeCP2 knockdown in human primary neurons, indicating that exosomes have the capacity to influence neural development and may be a promising avenue to treat neurodevelopmental disorders like Rett Syndrome.HighlightsExosome proteomics distinguish cargo in RTT vs control hiPSC-derived neural cultures Control but not RTT exosomes increase neurogenesis in human neural cultures hiPSC-derived neural exosomes reverse pathological phenotypes in RTT neural cultures RTT exosomes do not impair neural development
Employers’ perspectives on new information technology technicians’ employability in North Florida
Authors: Hollister Jonathan M. , Spears Laura I. , Mardis Marcia A. , Lee Jisue , McClure Charles R. , Liebman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
In response to recent calls for research relating to employers’ perceptions of the workplace readiness of new graduates in a variety of fields, the purpose of this paper is to report North Florida employers’ perceptions of information technology (IT) program graduates’ workplace readiness. These findings are relevant to stakeholders in growing technology regions.

Design/methodology/approach
Researchers conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with IT employers in North Florida. Data were deductively coded with codes derived from national standards. Interviewee verbatim was also inductively coded by theme.

Findings
While employers valued a blend of technical and general skills and hands-on experience, they also sought new professionals who possessed fundamental understandings of business and computer programming to tailor their problem-solving skills to the specific company environment.

Research limitations/implications
This research represents a limited number of employer viewpoints in one representative community.

Practical implications
Ongoing industry input into curricula and expanded experiential opportunities may ensure that graduates are prepared to address current and future IT developments. Because the region under study was typical of many regions with growing technology sectors, these findings may inform partnerships, curriculum, and program design.

Originality/value
Given the rapid growth and constant advances of the IT sector, institutions with IT degree programs are challenged to ensure that their curricula are current and meeting the needs of employers. This study’s findings may offer timely insight into elements of workforce preparedness.
Exploring the nature of rural energy transition in India
Authors: Goswami Anandajit , Bandyopadhyay Kaushik Ranjan , Kumar Atul 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of rural energy transition in cooking options in India. Although India is aiming to achieve a double-digit economic growth, a large share of rural households still rely on firewood for cooking which not only has serious repercussions of increasing indoor pollution but also has a concomitant adverse effect on women and child morbidity and mortality. However, transition to clean energy options like improved cookstoves for these households may not be necessarily linear. It is often driven or resisted by latent factors such as caste, trust, social capital, information flow, social positioning of clusters that are deeply embedded in the social and cultural norms and values specific to local rural contexts. This has been shown in the present case study that pertains to eight villages in the remote and deprived Purnea district of Bihar and the need for internalizing them in the macro energy policymaking has been established in the paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper applies a macro foundation research that is complemented by micro foundation tools of fuzzy cognitive mapping-based mental model framework to achieve the purpose of the study. Focused-group discussions and interviews are also conducted to establish the narrative of the paper.

Findings
Caste, socio-political position, asset structure, remoteness, culture and technology access affect rural households’ decision making capability that is related to shifting from using the traditionalmeans of firewood and biomass based traditional cookstoves for cooking to adopting improved clean cooking stoves which will enable the transition toward the use of clean rural energy in the eight villages in Bihar chosen for this study.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the paper have larger implications for the broader macro energy policymaking in the country by taking into account the non-linear, latent factors of village contexts.

Practical implications
The research will help energy policymakers in decision-making and will guide the implementation process of national- and state-level policies on rural energy transition in India.

Social implications
The findings of the paper will help the smoother implementation of national- and state-level rural energy transition policies for cooking, creating developmental dividends for rural Indian households.

Originality/value
The research is new with regard to the application of non-deterministic fuzzy cognitive mapping-based mental model approach to contribute to the country’s national- and state-level rural energy transition policies.
A novel quasi-3D thermodynamic model of oil film bearing with non-Newtonian and temperature-viscosity effects
Authors: Liang Feng , Xu Quanyong , Zhou Ming 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a quasi-three-dimensional (3D) thermohydrodynamic (THD) model for oil film bearings with non-Newtonian and temperature-viscosity effects. Its performance factors, including precision and time consumption, are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
Two-dimensional (2D), 3D and quasi-3D numerical models are built. The thermal and mechanical behaviors of two types of oil film bearings are simulated. All the results are compared with solutions of commercial ANSYS CFX.

Findings
The 2D THD model fails to predict the temperature and pressure field. The results of the quasi-3D THD model coincide well with those of the 3D THD model and CFX at any condition. Compared with the 3D THD model, the quasi-3D THD model can greatly reduce the CPU time consumption, especially at a high rotational speed.

Originality/value
This quasi-3D THD model is proposed in this paper for the first time. Transient mechanical and thermal analyses of high-speed rotor-bearing system are widely conducted using the traditional 3D THD model; however, the process is very time-consuming. The quasi-3D THD model can be an excellent alternative with high precision and fast simulation speed.
A study on the microstructures and three–body abrasive wear behaviors of Fe–B alloy under different Fe2B boride orientation
Authors: Yi Dawei , Zhang Zhiyun , Chen Jin , Niu Libin , Peng Jianhong 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The directional solidification Fe-B alloy was prepared. The microstructures and three-body abrasive wear behaviors of directional solidification alloy were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
Fe-B alloy was melted in medium frequency induction furnace. The hardness was measured on HRS-150 Rockwell-hardness tester and HXD-1000TMC tester. The wear characteristic of the alloy was examined with a block-on-ring geometry. The worn surface of the alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy.

Findings
The wear weight loss and worn surface roughness increase with the increasing contact load in wear tests. When the worn surface is perpendicular to the boride growth direction, the highest hardness plane of the boride can resist abrasive effectively under the surrounding and supporting of the martensite matrix.

Originality/value
The relation between boride growth direction and wear direction will cause different boride breaking tendency and wear weight loss.
Friction and wear properties of an automobile brake lining reinforced by lignin fiber and glass fiber
Authors: Chengmin Wang , Xuefeng Yang , Xiguang Cai , Tao Ma , Yunxi Li , Peilong Song 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to thrash out friction and wear properties of automobile brake lining reinforced by lignin fiber and glass fiber in braking process.

Design/methodology/approach
ABAQUS finite element software was used to analyze thermo-mechanical coupled field of friction materials. XD-MSM constant speed friction testing machine was used to test friction and wear properties of friction material. Worn surface morphology and mechanism of friction materials were observed by using scanning electron microscope.

Findings
The results show that when the temperature was below 350°C, worn mechanism of MFBL was mainly fatigue wear and abrasive wear, and worn mechanism of GFBL was mainly fatigue wear because MFBL contained lignin fiber. Therefore, it exhibits better mechanical properties and friction and wear properties than those of GFBL.

Originality/value
Lignin fiber can improve mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of the automobile brake lining.
Effect of binary rare earth oxide on the properties of plasma sprayed Al2O3/TiO2coatings
Authors: Ding Qingjun , Tian Bo , Zhao Gai , Wang Feng , Li Huafeng , Shi Yunlai 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThis study systematically investigated the effect of the binary rare earth oxide of La2O3and Sm2O3on the properties of the Al2O3/TiO2(AT) coating, including phase transform, wear behavior, etc.Design/methodology/approachAT coatings mixed with different components of binary rare earth oxides of La2O3and Sm2O3are prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. The adhesion strength, micro-hardness, phase transition and tribological behavior of coatings are systematically investigated.FindingsThe X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that phase transformation is obvious after spraying, and a-Al2O3is almost translated into γ-Al2O3when La2O3and Sm2O3are doped together. Meanwhile, solid solution generated between rare earth oxide and Al2O3/TiO2coatings results in disappearance of TiO2 and rare earth oxide phase. The photos under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that binary rare earth oxide could increase the melting degree of powder and decrease porosity of coatings.The increasing of Sm2O3rarely affect micro-hardness and adhesion strength, and the coating with 4 per cent Sm2O3and 1 per cent La2O3exhibits the best wear resistance and lowest friction coefficient among all the samples.Originality/valueAT coatings mixed with different components of binary rare earth oxide of La2O3and Sm2O3are prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. Binary rare earth oxide could increase the melting degree of powder and decrease porosity of AT coatings.
Lubricity characteristics of Jatropha curcas biodiesel
Authors: Peng De-Xing 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Engine component endurance is related to fuel properties. Decreasing the sulfur content of a fuel reduces its lubricity, thus damaging engines and fuel systems. Therefore, promoting the use of a biofuel must involve assessing the functionality and lubricity of the fuel.

Design/methodology/approach
The ball-on-ring (BOR) wear tester was applied to determine the optimal additive concentration and the mechanism of reduction of the wear and friction of the diesel engine fuel injection system. The lubricating efficiency of the fuels was estimated by using a photomicroscope to measure the average diameter of the wear scar produced on the test ball. An optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used for wear surface examinations.

Findings
The wear test revealed that the wear diameter of the steel ball lubricated with either the pure petrodiesel or 20 Wt.per cent Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends was 1.36 or 1.05 mm, respectively. The experimental results indicated that when Jatropha curcas biodiesel was added into petrodiesels to reduce friction, the wear resistance of the fuel blends increased concurrently with increasing Jatropha curcas biodiesel concentration. This was attributed to the presence of stearic acid in Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends. Stearic acid has a strong affinity for metal surfaces; therefore, a chemical coating was formed between the two motion surfaces to protect the two contacted surfaces from wear. Therefore, the proposed Jatropha curcas biodiesel can be used to effectively enhance the lubricity of a petrodiesel under the condition of boundary lubrication.

Originality/value
Using biofuels as the fuels for diesel engines can assist developed and developing countries in reducing the impacts of their fossil fuel consumption on the environment.
On the study of Rayleigh step slider bearings lubricated with non-Newtonian Rabinowitsch fluid
Authors: Naduvinamani N.B. , Patil Siddharam , Siddapur S.S. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Nowadays, the use of Newtonian fluid as a lubricant is diminishing day by day, and the use of non-Newtonian fluids has gained importance. This paper presents an analysis of the static characteristics of Rayleigh step slider bearing lubricated with non-Newtonian Rabinowitsch fluid, which has not been studied so far. The purpose of this paper is to derive the modified Reynolds equation for Rabinowitsch fluids for two regions and to obtain the optimum bearing parameters for the Rayleigh step slider bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations relevant to the problem under consideration are derived. The modified Reynolds equation is derived, and it is found to be highly non-linear and hence small perturbation method is adopted to find solution.

Findings
From this study it is found that there is an increase in the load-carrying capacity, pressure and frictional coefficients for dilatant fluids as compared to the corresponding Newtonian case. Further, for dilatant lubricants the maximum load-carrying capacity is attained for the slightly larger values of entry region length of Rayleigh step bearing as compared to Newtonian and pseudoplastic lubricants.

Originality/value
Rabinowitsch fluid is used for the study of lubrication characteristics of Rayleigh step bearings. The author believes that the paper presents these results for the first time.
Firearms and cultural competence: considerations for mental health professionals
Authors: Pirelli Gianni , Witt Philip 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Although cultural competence is gaining increased attention among mental health practitioners, such primarily has centered on race, religion, ethnicity, language, and nationality. Thus far, there has been relatively little recognition of specific socialized subcultures aside from the aforementioned groups, and virtually no discussion regarding those associated with various firearm-related subcultures. This topic is particularly relevant to mental health practitioners, as positions on firearm use and ownership frequently split across political party lines, and mental health professionals and academics are more likely to espouse liberal rather than conservative views. It follows that practitioners may understand little about firearms culture and, therefore, are at increased risk for biased decision making when working with clients for whom firearms have relevance. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes a conceptual approach to reviewing potential areas of bias in both clinical and clinical-forensic practice in the US context.

Findings
The authors detail the prevalence of firearm-related issues in the USA, contextualize firearm-related issues in forensic treatment and evaluation scenarios, delineate a number of firearm subgroups, and recommend considerations for mental health professionals to develop cultural competence as it relates to firearms and associated subcultures.

Originality/value
This is an original conceptual study of cultural competence and various firearm-related subcultures.
Entrepreneurial perceptions and bias of SME exporting opportunities for manufacturing exporters
Authors: Stouraitis Vassilios , Boonchoo Pattana , Mior Harun Mior Harris , Kyritsis Markos 
Published: July 2017

PurposeSuccess in export ventures has been linked to managerial capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of exporting motivators on managerial perceptions of UK manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by investigating the links between export motivators and decision bias (i.e. predictable behavior).Design/methodology/approachBased on the Uppsala and resource-based view perspectives (using a sample of the UK’s independent manufacturing SMEs and utilizing a survey, correlation analysis, and factor analysis), this study finds and describes the effect of the most recurrent motivators and clusters of motivators from the literature on the SMEs’ decision to export by investigating the dimensions (research, external, reactive).FindingsThis study finds that export motivators can be separated into specific dimensions leading to potential selection bias. In addition, the importance of size, knowledge of foreign markets, and unsolicited orders show an association with the perceptions of motivator stimuli toward specific dimensions (research, external, reactive).Practical implicationsGovernment policy and SME export strategy need to understand managerial perceptions and bias better in order to allocate resources efficiently toward stimulating exporting.Originality/valueThe literature and empirical work on the topic have been fragmented and conflicting focusing on specific motivators but not necessarily explaining the selection or origin of motivators even less on SMEs. Dimensions have not been taken into account as clusters of motivators.
Engaged scholarship
Authors: Simba Amon , Ojong Nathanael 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a multi-layered theoretical framework to enable engaged scholarship to develop as a practice in entrepreneurship and small business research. To do so, it illuminates the salient features of engaged scholarship, collaborative learning and actor-network theory (ANT).Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a narrative or traditional literature review design. Specifically, it adopts a thematic approach for summarising and synthesising a body of literature on engaged scholarship, collaborative learning and ANT with the view to develop a new multi-layered theoretical framework.FindingsApplying the theory of engaged scholarship to pivot entrepreneurship/SME research provides scholars with an opportunity to unlock the theory vs practice paradox. Moreover, engaged scholarship offers valuable instructions for encouraging interactionism between entrepreneurship researchers and practitioners as well as reconcile their polarised views. Co-production and co-creation of knowledge addresses the concerns often raised by the practitioner community regarding the relevance and applicability of academic research to practice.Practical implicationsThe proposed multi-layered framework provides entrepreneurship researchers, and the practitioner community with a taxonomy to use to encourage a joint approach to research. Developing deep partnerships between academics and practitioners can produce outcomes that satisfy the twin imperatives of scholarship that can be of high quality as well as a value to society.Originality/valueThe paper advances the theory and practice of engaged scholarship in new ways that are not common in entrepreneurship/SME research. This enables engaged scholarship to develop as a practice in entrepreneurship and small firms’ research. Through applying the proposed multi-layered framework in research, academics can deliver fully developed solutions for practical problems. The framework is useful in the theory vs practice and entrepreneurship researchers vs practitioner debates.
Urban tourism: the growing role of VFR and immigration
Authors: Griffin Tom , Dimanche Frederic 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer some insights into the future of urban tourism with particular consideration given to immigration and visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel. The discussion highlights the fact that cities are increasingly home to immigrants and transitory residents who host visitors, blurring resident-visitor distinctions, with implications for cultural and economic development, and tourism practitioners. These trends are highlighted, and discussions relating to the future are offered.Design/methodology/approachThis discussion is based on a literature review and a conceptual approach.FindingsThe number of immigrants to cities keeps growing. These immigrants are shaping their new communities and changing local culture. They contribute to increased tourism through generating VFR travel and creating new tourist attractions.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of VFR and immigration on urban tourism are most visible in large urban centers that are major points of entry into a country and international magnets. They are not, however, limited to big cities.Practical implicationsThere are potential implications for municipal governments and destination marketers to consider how cultural development and the touristic promotion of the city overlap with areas and direction for possible partnerships with community groups.Social implicationsThis paper promotes the idea that for immigrants, to experience their communities through hosting VFR has positive social implications in terms of integration and cultural development.Originality/valueThis paper discusses a topic rarely addressed the impact of VFR and immigration on shaping urban tourism.