bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities Associated with Psoriatic Arthritis Compared with Non-psoriatic Spondyloarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Haque Naba , Lories Rik J. , de Vlam Kurt 
Published: December 2015

Objective.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory skeletal disease associated with health concerns such as obesity, Type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular (CV) disease. The involvement of these metabolic factors in the pathogenesis, severity, and progression of PsA remains unclear. In our study, we compared comorbidities associated with PsA to those patients with related but non-PsA forms of spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods.The SpA database at the Rheumatology Department of University Hospitals Leuven was analyzed in a cross-sectional manner using the demographic, medical, and laboratory information of 518 patients with PsA and non-PsA SpA. The patients were grouped by their diagnosis and evaluated on the basis of sex, age, education, work status, disease duration, treatment, and type and number of comorbidities. The data were assessed using the chi-square test, Student t test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression, including correction for multiple testing.Results.Out of the 518 patients (62.74% men, 37.25% women), 53.66% had comorbidities. The PsA group had 262 patients (mean age 58.8 yrs) and the non-PsA SpA group had 256 patients (mean age 44.9 yrs, p < 0.001). The PsA group was found to have more and multiple comorbidities compared with non-PsA SpA (p < 0.001). The CV and metabolic comorbidities were also significantly higher in the PsA group (p < 0.001). Coronary artery disease, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome showed a marked difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). An increased incidence of malignancy was found in PsA group (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Comorbidities and malignancies are increased in patients with PsA compared with non-PsA SpA, irrespective of demographic factors and type of treatment.
Minimal Disease Activity and Remission in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients Treated with Anti-TNF-α Drugs
Authors: Perrotta Fabio Massimo , Marchesoni Antonio , Lubrano Ennio 
Published: December 2015

Objective.A state of remission is the target of therapy in chronic arthritis. The aim of the present study was to assess the rate of minimal disease activity (MDA) and remission in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) blockers. Disease characteristics and predictors of MDA were also evaluated.Methods.Patients fulfilling the ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria and treated with TNF-α blockers adalimumab, etanercept, or golimumab were enrolled and prospectively followed every 4 months for 1 year in a clinical practice setting. Patients were considered in MDA when they met at least 5/7 of the criteria previously defined. Other remission criteria evaluated were 28-joint Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) < 2.6 and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score ≤ 3.3. Patients achieving MDA were compared to non-MDA to identify outcome predictor factors.Results.Of the 75 patients treated with TNF-α blockers, at baseline no patients were in MDA or had a DAPSA score ≤ 3.3, while 25 (21.3%) had a DAS28-CRP score < 2.6. Five patients (6%) discontinued treatment because of side effects or inefficacy during followup. After 12 months, MDA was achieved in 46 patients (61.3%). No difference was found among the 3 anti-TNF-α drugs. Predictors for MDA were found to be male sex, high CRP, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and low Health Assessment Questionnaire.Conclusion.In our prospective observational study, based on a clinical practice setting, MDA was achieved in 61.3% of patients treated with TNF-α blockers, identifying this as an achievable target for patients with PsA. Predictors of remission were also identified.
Les enjeux liés aux activités d’audit, de conseil et d’évaluation dans les administrations publiques : une perspective canadienne
Authors: Bourgault Jacques , Smits Pernelle 
Published: December 2015

Résumé L’activité d’« inspection » se manifeste sous forme de contrôles pendant ou juste après l’exécution d’une mission. Elle inclut aussi des dimensions nouvelles comme l’audit, le conseil et l’évaluation plutôt normative. En ce sens, l’évaluation est plus large que les missions relevant de l’inspectorat (qui recouvrent les aspects liés à la pré exécution, à la réponse au « quoi » et au « pourquoi », pertinence, suivi en cours d’implantation, etc. ). L’article aborde quatre défis majeurs de l’inspection au regard de l’expérience canadienne et québécoise : les enjeux méthodologiques (combinaison du quantitatif et du qualitatif, les aspects intersectoriels) ; la nécessité d’une multiplicité de compétences ; le suivi du retour sur investissement des inspections et des évaluations, le défi de leur utilité du fait de politiques qui évitent la reddition de comptes par des objectifs aux énoncés vagues.
Mannose-Capped Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces CD4+ T Cell Anergy via GRAIL
Authors: Sande Obondo J. , Karim Ahmad F. , Li Qing , Ding Xuedong , Harding Clifford V. , Rojas Roxana E. , Boom W. Henry 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall glycolipid, lipoarabinomannan, can inhibit CD4+ T cell activation by downregulating the phosphorylation of key proximal TCR signaling molecules: Lck, CD3ζ, ZAP70, and LAT. Inhibition of proximal TCR signaling can result in T cell anergy, in which T cells are inactivated following an Ag encounter, yet remain viable and hyporesponsive. We tested whether mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-induced inhibition of CD4+ T cell activation resulted in CD4+ T cell anergy. The presence of LAM during primary stimulation of P25 TCR-transgenic murine CD4+ T cells with M. tuberculosis Ag85B peptide resulted in decreased proliferation and IL-2 production. P25 TCR-transgenic CD4+ T cells primed in the presence of LAM also exhibited decreased response upon restimulation with Ag85B. The T cell anergic state persisted after the removal of LAM. Hyporesponsiveness to restimulation was not due to apoptosis, generation of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells, or inhibitory cytokines. Acquisition of the anergic phenotype correlated with upregulation of gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL) protein in CD4+ T cells. Inhibition of human CD4+ T cell activation by LAM also was associated with increased GRAIL expression. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of GRAIL before LAM treatment abrogated LAM-induced hyporesponsiveness. In addition, exogenous IL-2 reversed defective proliferation by downregulating GRAIL expression. These results demonstrate that LAM upregulates GRAIL to induce anergy in Ag-reactive CD4+ T cells. Induction of CD4+ T cell anergy by LAM may represent one mechanism by which M. tuberculosis evades T cell recognition.
The Gilded Man in Nickel City
Authors: Bell Madison Smartt 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
As the transcript of the author's 9 October 2009 keynote at the 10th International F. Scott Fitzgerald Society Conference in Baltimore, Maryland, this essay examines Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald's relationship to “Nickel City,” a site that between 1932 and 1935 found the pair struggling with some of the darkest years of their marriage, with mental illness, and with their artistic competitiveness over their lives together. This period witnessed the completion of Tender Is the Night after a nine-year struggle as well as of the final book Fitzgerald published in his lifetime, the short story collection Taps at Reveille. It is also the timeframe in which Zelda published her only novel, Save Me the Waltz. That the Baltimore years marked the couple's last effort to establish a home together—first in a house known as La Paix on a family estate owned by future biographer Andrew Turnbull, then at 1307 Park Avenue in Bolton Hill, not far from a monument to Fitzgerald's ancestor and namesake Francis Scott Key—is oddly poignant given the city's reputation as “nickel city,” a nickname reputedly given to it for its supposed cheapness compared to Washington, DC Fitzgerald himself was the gilded man who attempted to cover up his own sense of diminished value in the 1930s. As such he identified with Baltimore. As he told one interviewer, “I belong here, where everything is civilized and gay and rotted and polite.”
Ed. note: This is the first in a series in which we will publish conference keynotes for the sake of the historical record. The editors thank Madison Smartt Bell for the opportunity to publish his remarks from that memorable occasion.
“Mending Sails by Candlelight”: A Preface to Clothes for a Summer Hotel
Authors: Williams Tennessee 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
On 26 March 1980, Tennessee Williams premiered his final play on Broadway, Clothes for a Summer Hotel, a biodrama based loosely on the lives and final days of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald. As was his tradition, Williams wrote a pre-opening piece to accompany the opening that was intended for the theater section of the New York Times. On this occasion, the Times refused to publish the essay. Williams had been battling the newspaper's drama critics for over a decade, and the essay, embittered and oozing with self-pity, bears the wounds he had received from their repeated confrontations. Published here for the first time (the essay had been lost for over three decades), “Mending Sails by Candlelight” is a playwright's plea for sincere criticism on his play's own terms and not in comparison to his early great works, such as A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), The Glass Menagerie (1945), and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955).
“Civilization's Going to Pieces”: The Great Gatsby, Identity, and Race, From the Jazz Age to the Obama Era
Authors: Vogel Joseph 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
With the release of Baz Luhrmann's bold and controversial adaptation of The Great Gatsby in 2013, F. Scott Fitzgerald's once-neglected story reached an unprecedented level of popularity. The film grossed a remarkable $144 million in the U.S. and $350 million worldwide. Meanwhile, the novel, already a perennial classroom favorite, reached the top of bestseller lists. From these statistics alone, one might conclude that The Great Gatsby resonates more in the Obama era than it ever did in the Jazz Age. Its remarkable popularity, however, raises the question: Why? This essay contends that its currency—both as a film and a novel—has to do with its intersectional exploration of identity. Race and ethnicity in particular have been the focus of a growing body of scholarship on Gatsby over the past two decades. This essay attempts to add to this relatively new body of work by focusing on how The Great Gatsby functions as a multi-media text in the Obama era, and speaks in strikingly familiar—and incisive—terms to the intersectional identity politics of our time..
Landscape with a Tragic Hero: F. Scott Fitzgerald'sTrimalchio
Authors: Antonelli Sara 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDrawing attention to both characters and landscapes, this essay proposes a reading of F. Scott Fitzgerald's Trimalchio that assesses its differences from and similarities to The Great Gatsby. In the first part of the essay a comparison between the two novels shows that the behavior and features of Jay Gatsby in Trimalchio are borrowed from Petronius's Trimalchio and Homer's Odysseus. As a consequence, the first Jay Gatsby turns out to be a more vulgar and astute version of his second and more successful incarnation; he is, nevertheless, a coherent persona. We have ultimately two Gatsbys and, therefore, two different novels. In spite of that, these two texts share the same literary landscape, of which Fitzgerald was evidently sure from the very beginning of his composition process. The second part of the essay focuses on the ways in which Fitzgerald consciously grafted into Gatsby's American landscape the imperialistic vision exposed in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. In this respect, the opposition Fitzgerald—through his narrator Nick Carraway—established between the East and Midwest of the USA also allows for a surprising but compelling connection with David Foster Wallace, an author strongly anchored in his Midwestern point of view.
My Own Personal Public: Fitzgerald's Table of Contents in Tales of the Jazz Age
Authors: Tangedal Ross K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Scholars have questioned the veracity of F. Scott Fitzgerald's table of contents in Tales of the Jazz Age, especially with respect to his writing habits and creative process. Many contemporary critics thought his assertions were true, only weakening his authority; yet recent critical approaches recognize the pose Fitzgerald assumed. I argue that the table of contents falls within a line of authorial self-fashioning exercised by several past writers, and whether frivolous or satirical, lazy or self-critical, it places Fitzgerald within a significant authorial continuum, allowing his authority to function on a variety of planes. I aim to position this piece as a crucial nexus in the trajectory of Fitzgerald's professional writing career; by understanding the authorial means by which such a piece is created, one can trace the resulting effect it has on that text and the author's canon. Given the editorial considerations and market demands placed upon Fitzgerald in 1922, the table of contents for Tales of the Jazz Age shows an author at a turning point. This table of contents changes the way we read the fiction, and inevitably, the way we read Fitzgerald.
F. Scott Fitzgerald and Mary Harriman Rumsey: An Untold Story
Authors: Kruse Horst H. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Hidden in brief and cryptic entries in his ledger and notebooks, the story of Fitzgerald's encounter with Mary Harriman Rumsey, one of the most powerful women in America during the author's lifetime, has gone largely unnoticed. In addition to helping Fitzgerald discover the lifestyle of the moneyed aristocracy of Old Westport, Long Island, and their involvement in the movement of eugenics as material for “The Great Gatsby,” Mary Harriman Rumsey shaped the author's view of the very rich and won his applause for her work in New Deal politics. Fitzgerald's assessment of her role in breaking away from the traditional behavior of her class is reflected in his “Count of Darkness” stories, strengthening the argument that these stories can be read as political allegory and commentary on the Depression and the New Deal. There is a parallel, moreover, between the protagonist's humbling and that of the author, each leading to recognition of the power of women and their role in politics. Full appreciation of all documentary evidence supports the argument that Fitzgerald's portrayal of “the pretty woman in a brown riding habit” in a scene in chapter 6 of The Great Gatsby is a lasting memorial to Mary Harriman Rumsey.
Party-Going in Fitzgerald and His Contemporaries
Authors: Seed David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis essay examines the visual techniques that Fitzgerald applies in the party-scenes in his fiction. It explores the tension between spectatorship and participation throughout and argues that he draws on the resources of the cinema in his fine control of perspective, close-up, and long shots—as well as montage. Although he acquired the reputation of the chronicler of the new generation, the essay argues that Fitzgerald constantly brought out the ironies of parties, particularly their fleeting and theatrical aspects, especially their dependence on material display. Comparisons are drawn with Zelda Fitzgerald's party scenes and with contemporaries such as Carl Van Vechten in order to bring out Fitzgerald's implicitly critical dramatization of sexual motifs.
This Side of Sexuality: Reproductive Discourse in the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Tunc Tanfer Emin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This essay evaluates the reproductive discourse in Fitzgerald's work by examining the depiction of birth control and abortion in two of his short stories, “Salute to Lucie and Elsie” (unpublished) and “Benediction” (1920), and two of his novels, The Beautiful and Damned and Tender Is the Night. While Fitzgerald's deployment of reproductive narratives was certainly a reflection of the political dialogues and social and cultural values of his era, these narratives were also connected to the tensions and contradictions that existed in his own life as a writer struggling to define himself in a chaotic new world. However, Fitzgerald's treatment of procreation in his works also transcends the personal, reflecting his larger criticism of American society as a modernist and a member of the Lost Generation. For Fitzgerald, the sterility and disillusionment of post–World War I America, with its shift away from family and community toward individual, self-centered values, is paralleled in the sterile and disillusioned lives of his characters. Furthermore, his portrayal of the excessive New Woman as mentally disturbed, psychologically unbalanced, and “feebleminded” or “chill-minded,” to use language that he once regrettably applied to his own wife, Zelda Sayre, thus perhaps rendering this character type eugenically unfit to reproduce, also suggests why she rarely ever does in Fitzgerald's works.
Narrative Authority and Competing Representations: The Pat Hobby Stories and F. Scott Fitzgerald's Hollywood
Authors: Stamant James 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
F. Scott Fitzgerald spent the end of his life writing about the Hollywood movie industry and its forced writing collaborations, lack of authority for writers, and inferior stories that were claimed as superior representations of the world. While critics and scholars have largely acknowledged and praised Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon, his stories about a hack Hollywood writer named Pat Hobby have not been similarly acclaimed. These stories have been overlooked, and when they have been addressed, critics have claimed that the connection between those stories and The Last Tycoon was solely one of expedience. This same argument has been used to discuss many of Fitzgerald's magazine stories; whether or not that treatment is valid, this judgment of the Pat Hobby Stories is unjust. Not only in The Last Tycoon but also in the Pat Hobby stories readers discern Fitzgerald's linkage between the inability of Hollywood to represent American experience in anything but the tritest ways and the movie industry's dysfunctional handling of its writers. In the Pat Hobby stories, Fitzgerald also expresses his dismay with the Hollywood system by creating a main character who can hardly claim the job title “writer.”
Master and Model: F. Scott Fitzgerald's Role in Richard Yates's “Saying Goodbye to Sally”
Authors: Goldleaf Steven 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The American fiction writer Richard Yates, whose life bore many biographical parallels to F. Scott Fitzgerald's, explicitly described Fitzgerald as his “master” in an essay and wrote a short story, “Saying Goodbye to Sally,” focused on the personal and professional parallels between Fitzgerald's final years as a Hollywood screenwriter in the late 1930s and the period in the early 1960s when Yates worked in Hollywood writing movie scripts. This essay discusses recent criticism of Yates's life and work, and closely examines his short story's use of Yates's thinly disguised alter ego.
A Postcolonial Education: Using End of Empire Autobiographies to Introduce Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Rasch Astrid 
Published: December 2015

This article reviews the experiences with teaching Jill Ker Conway’s autobiography The Road From Coorain (1989). The two weeks of lectures and seminars were part of a six-week introductory course to Postcolonial Studies for first year undergraduates at the English Department at the University of Copenhagen. The lectures provided a theoretical and historical framework and the seminars consisted of close reading and discussion of the texts. I describe how four concepts which are central to postcolonial theory, discourse, identity, representation and agency, were used in readings of the text. The article takes its point of departure in discussions about the post-imperial time of writing, the creation of individual identity in dialogue with one’s context, the ambiguous representation of Aboriginal people and the agency involved in writing a life story which goes against the expected narrative. I discuss the difficulties of the course and provide recommendations for improvements for future iterations of the course. Despite occasional difficulties, I argue that autobiographies are useful sources for an introduction to Postcolonial Studies. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 28 July 2015 and published on 12 December 2015.
Skin Stories & Skin Portraits
Authors: Dobbelaar Tanny 
Published: December 2015

What personal stories do people with a chronic skin disease have to tell? This was Tanny Dobbelaar's main question in 2001 when she initiated the project “Heftig Vel’’, which may be translated from Dutch as “Severe Skin”. In this essay Dobbelaar shows a selection of what she and photographer Adrienne Norman tried to communicate at that time through a highly hybrid project that has many sides to it. The selection starts with the preface of the book, which was specially designed to enhance the experiences of the subjects in the eyes the viewer. The preface of the book is followed here by several Skin Portraits & Stories of the participants. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 28 August 2015 and published on 12 December 2015.
The Effect of Institutional Ownership on Firm Performance: Evidence from Jordanian Listed Firms
Authors: AL-Najjar Dana 
Published: December 2015

<p>Last decade witnessed successive corporate scandals for various firms that points to a failure of corporate control. Expertize and interested parties all over the world proposed to focus on monitoring the management decisions to reduce such failure in firms. Therefore, the structure of ownership became more and more as an important issue to increase both efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions. This study seeks to investigate whether institutional ownership affects the firm’s performance for one of the emerging markets; Jordan. Firm’s performance is measured through applying two accounting measures Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), with 6 explanatory variables. Our sample is unique and contains 82 non-financial Jordanian firms listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period of 2005-2013, by applying panel data regression analysis. It depends on building three OLS models: Pooled, Fixed Effects Model and Random Effects Model. In addition, a test for Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier (LM), and Hausamn test to choose among the three models which model is most suitable for our data. A main finding of the panel data analysis is that; fixed effect regression is the most convenient model. As a result, there is no strong evidence that there is a relationship between both institutional ownership and firm performance for Jordanian listed firms. This conclusion can be due to the fact that institutional ownership has its own pros and cons, therefore, their existence and influence could affect materially the types and risk level of investment decisions taken by the management which in return will affect the firm’s performance as a whole. ociation with external reserve and net credit to the economy. Based on these results; it is recommended that, the Nigeria government should designed programmes and incentives to boost industrial capacity utilization in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.</p><p> </p>