bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multiwavelength Study of Nearby Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1400−1431: Improved Astrometry and an Optical Detection of Its Cool White Dwarf Companion
Authors: Swiggum J. K. , Kaplan D. L. , McLaughlin M. A. , Lorimer D. R. , Bogdanov S. , Ray P. S. , Lynch R. , Gentile P. , Rosen R. , Heatherly S. A. , Barlow B. N. , Hegedus R. J. , Soto A. Vasquez , Clancy P. , Kondratiev V. I. , Stovall K. , Istrate A. , Penprase B. , Bellm E. C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In 2012, five high-school students involved in the Pulsar Search Collaboratory discovered the millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1400−1431, and initial timing parameters were published in Rosen et al. a year later. Since then, we have obtained a phase-connected timing solution spanning five years, resolving a significant position discrepancy and measuring

, proper motion, parallax, and a monotonic slope in dispersion measure over time. Due to PSR J1400−1431’s proximity and significant proper motion, we use the Shklovskii effect and other priors to determine a 95% confidence interval for PSR J1400−1431’s distance,

pc. With an improved timing position, we present the first detection of the pulsar’s low-mass white dwarf (WD) companion using the Goodman Spectrograph on the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. Deeper imaging suggests that it is a cool DA-type WD with

K and

. We show a convincing association between PSR J1400−1431 and a γ-ray point source, 3FGL J1400.5−1437, but only weak (3.3σ) evidence of pulsations after folding γ-ray photons using our radio timing model. We detect an X-ray counterpart with XMM-Newton, but the measured X-ray luminosity (1×1029 erg s−1) makes PSR J1400−1431 the least X-ray luminous rotation-powered MSP detected to date. Together, our findings present a consistent picture of a nearby (

pc) MSP in a 9.5-day orbit around a cool ∼0.3 M
⊙ WD companion, with orbital inclination

.
Fast Molecular Cloud Destruction Requires Fast Cloud Formation
Authors: Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Burkert Andreas , Ibáñez-Mejía Juan C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A large fraction of the gas in the Galaxy is cold, dense, and molecular. If all this gas collapsed under the influence of gravity and formed stars in a local free-fall time, the star formation rate in the Galaxy would exceed that observed by more than an order of magnitude. Other star-forming galaxies behave similarly. Yet, observations and simulations both suggest that the molecular gas is indeed gravitationally collapsing, albeit hierarchically. Prompt stellar feedback offers a potential solution to the low observed star formation rate if it quickly disrupts star-forming clouds during gravitational collapse. However, this requires that molecular clouds must be short-lived objects, raising the question of how so much gas can be observed in the molecular phase. This can occur only if molecular clouds form as quickly as they are destroyed, maintaining a global equilibrium fraction of dense gas. We therefore examine cloud formation timescales. We first demonstrate that supernova and superbubble sweeping cannot produce dense gas at the rate required to match the cloud destruction rate. On the other hand, Toomre gravitational instability can reach the required production rate. We thus argue that, although dense, star-forming gas may last only around a single global free-fall time; the dense gas in star-forming galaxies can globally exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium between formation by gravitational instability and disruption by stellar feedback. At redshift z ≳ 2, the Toomre instability timescale decreases, resulting in a prediction of higher molecular gas fractions at early times, in agreement with the observations.
Probing Large-scale Coherence between Spitzer IR and Chandra X-Ray Source-subtracted Cosmic Backgrounds
Authors: Cappelluti N. , Arendt R. , Kashlinsky A. , Li Y. , Hasinger G. , Helgason K. , Urry M. , Natarajan P. , Finoguenov A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present new measurements of the large-scale clustering component of the cross-power spectra of the source-subtracted Spitzer-IRAC cosmic infrared background and Chandra-ACIS cosmic X-ray background surface brightness fluctuations Our investigation uses data from the Chandra Deep Field South, Hubble Deep Field North, Extended Groth Strip/AEGIS field, and UDS/SXDF surveys, comprising 1160 Spitzer hours and ∼12 Ms of Chandra data collected over a total area of 0.3 deg2. We report the first (>5σ) detection of a cross-power signal on large angular scales >20″ between [0.5–2] keV and the 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands, at ∼5σ and 6.3σ significance, respectively. The correlation with harder X-ray bands is marginally significant. Comparing the new observations with existing models for the contribution of the known unmasked source population at z < 7, we find an excess of about an order of magnitude at 5σ confidence. We discuss possible interpretations for the origin of this excess in terms of the contribution from accreting early black holes (BHs), including both direct collapse BHs and primordial BHs, as well as from scattering in the interstellar medium and intra-halo light.
Montée en puissance de la Chine : l’Europe et les États-Unis peuvent-ils coopérer ?
Authors: Le Corre Philippe 
Published: September 2017

Cet article aborde la montée en puissance de la Chine et tente d’éclairer le débat que ce phénomène suscite des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Depuis 2010, la Chine a en effet lancé de nombreuses initiatives sur la scène internationale, en particulier en matière de commerce et d’investissements à l’étranger. Cette affirmation de la Chine incite à se poser deux questions : les gouvernements européens peuvent-ils s’accorder sur une politique commune envers la Chine ? et une plus grande coordination entre les États-Unis et l’Union européenne (UE) est-elle envisageable ? L’élaboration d’une nouvelle stratégie de politique étrangère aux États-Unis sous l’administration Trump et au sein de l’UE après les échéances électorales de 2017 présente l’opportunité d’inscrire l’harmonisation des politiques américaine et européennes envers la Chine au premier rang de leurs objectifs économiques et politiques. Cet article émet des suggestions quant à ces priorités.
Rebondir après « l’échec » en centre de formation : analyse séquentielle des trajectoires socioprofessionnelles d’ex-apprentis footballeurs
Authors: Tia Pierre-Cédric 
Published: September 2017

Le devenir socioprofessionnel des ex-apprentis footballeurs est un phénomène social encore insuffisamment analysé à ce jour. Les différents travaux de Frédéric Rasera (2010 ; 2014), explorant les conditions sociales individuelles de la recomposition vocationnelle chez un ex-apprenti footballeur, font office d’exception. Face à ce constat, cet article entend contribuer à la réflexion portant sur ces jeunes sportifs. À travers l’étude des trajectoires d’une vingtaine d’ex-apprentis footballeurs, nous verrons qu’il est possible de trouver des similarités biographiques caractérisant leur processus de recomposition vocationnelle. Plus précisément, nous montrerons qu’une analyse en termes de temporalités vécues (Dubar, 2014) permet de dévoiler la résurgence de quatre séquences de vie (choc, persévérance, dilemme et metanoïa) au cours de leur recomposition vocationnelle, révélant ainsi, les dimensions collectives de ce processus.
Socialisations temporelles dans le sport de haut niveau
Authors: Julla-Marcy Mathilde , Burlot Fabrice , Mancq Fanny Le 
Published: September 2017

À travers une enquête qualitative par entretiens menée auprès des sportifs de haut niveau de l’INSEP, nous nous intéressons à leur rythme de vie qui articule des temps nombreux et variés : temps sportif (entraînement, préparation, compétition), temps scolaire ou universitaire, temps professionnel, temps de récupération, temps de loisir privé et social, etc. Dans ce contexte il apparaît que leur temps objectif (l’organisation de leur emploi du temps) et leur temps subjectif (le vécu de celui-ci) ne coïncident pas toujours. Nous identifions à la fois une capacité générale de ces sportifs à gérer une organisation temporelle particulièrement chargée (dont ils sont souvent demandeurs), mais aussi de profondes variations d’un profil de sportif à l’autre, d’où l’idée d’une construction sociale du temps subjectif. Après avoir présenté l’organisation objective des temps à l’INSEP, nous analysons le poids de plusieurs facteurs sportifs et extra-sportifs pour expliquer cette disjonction et comprendre quels éléments ont tendance à favoriser un meilleur vécu d’un emploi du temps objectivement chargé. Cela nous conduit à ouvrir la discussion sur la conception des différentes temporalités de la préparation des sportifs qui demeure floue, entre temps de travail et temps de loisir. Cette préparation s’inscrit elle-même dans un contexte institutionnel spécifique : la construction du rythme de vie de ces sportifs est alors la recherche d’un compromis entre temps collectif (et contraignant) et temps individuel (et maîtrisé).
À la recherche du temps maîtrisé
Authors: Levêque Marc 
Published: September 2017

La contribution qui suit vise à repérer et analyser dans le quotidien du tissu sportif un mode organisationnel et structurel de rapport au temps, puis d’en caractériser les éventuels effets psychologiques chez les pratiquants de haut niveau. Une scansion volontariste du temps, étayée sur le primat des processus physiologiques, s’accompagne d’effets psychologiques multiples et complexes, parmi lesquels nous envisageons :– un rendement et une efficacité dans la gestion de l’effort qui génère chez le sportif, dans le grand public, mais aussi dans le monde de l’entreprise, une impression de réalisation parfaite. De fait cette gestion constitue le temps en allié, en outil de progrès et de perfection,– la genèse fréquente de troubles anxieux et d’épisodes dépressifs chez les pratiquants (objectivée par de récentes enquêtes), sans cesse en alerte pour coller aux assignations et impératifs du temps prescrit,– un décalage potentiel entre cette saisie du temps objectif et les rythmes de l’élaboration psychologique, par exemple lors des ratés, contre-performances, mais aussi des réussites soudaines. Une désynchronisation potentielle entre le temps vécu, subjectif et coloré par les affects d’une part, le temps planifié et maîtrisé d’autre part, induit un risque de déstabilisation de l’économie temporelle individuelle.
Importance of Underutilized Crops in Thanamalwila Divisional Secretariat Division in Monaragala District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Malkanthi S H.P 
Published: September 2017

Underutilized crops serve many purposes for a household. This study was conducted to study the importance of these crops for households in Thanamalwila divisional secretariat division in Moneragala District. The purpose of this research was to identify the importance of underutilized crops for farmers in Monaragala District of Sri Lanka. Data were collected from 120 farmers who cultivate underutilized crops, through a field survey with the help of a questionnaire during January- October 2015. Group discussions were also conducted to collect in-depth information. The findings reveal, a significant number of underutilized crop species are being cultivated by the farmers. Among them, some cereals, vegetables, legumes, fruits, yams and tuber crops and herbals are common. Farmers’ main goals of cultivation are to fulfill the food requirement of the family, find extra income and to use them as herbals for simple health disorders. When farmers’ attitudes towards the underutilized crops are taken into consideration, they have positive attitude towards economic benefits of cultivating underutilized crops, medicinal and nutritional values, low cost of cultivation, less water requirements, less pest and disease problems, etc. However, farmers have neither agreed nor disagreed upon three broad levels of importance of underutilized crops namely, contributing to the biodiversity, environmental protection and tolerance to climate changes. Most of the farmers have general understanding about the importance of underutilized crops. Moreover, farmers are still willing to cultivate these crops for selling if they can have necessary facilities and a good market.
Late Intervention on an Occluded Infarct-Related Artery: A Meta-analysis of the Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zagler Axel , Heimowitz Todd B. , Escolar Esteban , Hussein Steven J. , Yousef Zaheer R. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Dzavik Vladimir , Hochman Judith S. , Vignola Paul A. , Lamas Gervasio A. 
Published: September 2017

Context Late intervention to open an occluded infarct-related artery (IRA) after initial acute myocardial infarction was postulated to lead to clinical benefit. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Study Selection Eligibility criteria were: 1) randomized trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a totally occluded artery (TIMI flow 0-1) versus medical therapy, 2) in stable post myocardial infarction (MI) patients without spontaneous or low level exercise induced ischemia, 3) trials with a time from the onset of symptoms to randomization >24 hours, but <6 weeks, and 4) trials reporting mortality and recurrent MI as an endpoint. Of 961 citations reviewed, 3 disagreements were easily resolved by discussion and 6 trials were selected for inclusion. Data Synthesis The primary endpoint was the composite of recurrent MI or death. The secondary endpoints were the development of heart failure or recurrent myocardial infarction. In a meta-analysis of the 6 trials, which included 2642 patients, late intervention of an IRA had a RR of death or recurrent MI of 1.12 (95% CI 0.91-1.38). Data regarding the development of heart failure was available for 4 trials. In a meta-analysis of these 4 trials, which included 2527 patients, late intervention of an IRA had a RR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.58-1.08). Data regarding the occurrence of recurrent MI was available for 5 trials. In a meta-analysis of these 5 trials, which included 2598 patients, late intervention of an IRA had a RR of 1.28 (95% CI 0.91-1.79). Conclusions Our meta-analysis of the currently available randomized data addressing late intervention of an occluded IRA failed to reveal clinical benefit with regard to the clinical endpoints of death, heart failure or reinfarction. The trend towards an increase in reinfarction among the PCI treated patients suggested by the Open Artery Trial (OAT) investigators persisted, but did not achieve statistical significance.
New Important Step in Prenatal Evaluation of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: A Study of Bladder, Uterus, and Vagina Vascularization
Authors: Foti Francesca , Minneci G , Calì G 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) are increasing pathologies, but not always they present the same difficulties during surgery. So a presurgical step before to assess a cesarean section in pregnancies with AIP is the evaluation of the vascular anastomotic system between the bladder, uterus, and vagina involving the superior, medial, and inferior vaginal and the lower vesical arteries. This is fundamental to plan the management of eventual surgical complication and to predict perisurgical and postsurgical outcomes.

How to cite this article
Foti F, Minneci G, Calì G. New Important Step in Prenatal Evaluation of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: A Study of Bladder, Uterus, and Vagina Vascularization. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):89-90.
Obstetric Ultrasound for Diabetes-related Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Kalache Karim D , Gothey Farhat , Kamil Daniel 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Major structural fetal anomalies occur in approximately 3% of births and are the main cause of infant mortality in developed countries. Pregestational diabetes is well recognized as the main cause, with up to a significant increase (ninefold) in structural defects when compared with the rates observed in nondiabetic pregnancies. In this Editorial, we will discuss the association between diabetes and the risk of congenital anomalies and the type of defects seen in diabetics. We will focus this Editorial on the Ultrasound Semiology of the Diabetes-related Congenital Anomalies.

How to cite this article
Kalache KD, Gothey F, Kamil D. Obstetric Ultrasound for Diabetes-related Congenital Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(2):101-106.
Artefactos Explosivos Improvisados, Atención En Ambientes Austeros
Authors: Varona Erika TM , Páez Carlos AA , Moreno Alejandro B 
Published: September 2017

RESUMEN

Introducción
El trauma de guerra no convencional aún no está plenamente estudiado, se busca identificar tipos de lesiones en pacientes heridos por artefactos explosivos improvisados (AEI), en Colombia entre febrero de 2004 y mayo de 2014 que fueron atendidos por una de las unidades de atención quirúrgica móvil del ejército nacional de Colombia en ambiente austero (selva), con recursos limitados y remitidos posteriormente a hospital de cuarto nivel para manejo definitivo.

Materiales y métodos
Estudio observacional, descriptivo basado en una cohorte histórica. Se analizó la base de datos de pacientes civiles y soldados de las fuerzas militares de colombia que recibieron atención por los Grupos Avanzados de Trauma en ambientes austeros cercanos a las áreas de guerra, por artefacto explosivo. Se realizó revisión manual de las historias clínicas registrando las lesiones presentadas por pacientes al ingreso a la institución de salud de cuarto nivel. Se hace análisis con tablas dinámicas, frecuencias, tendencias, modas de los datos y se hace análisis de los mismos.

Criterios de inclusión
Pacientes que se encuentran registrados en base la de datos realizada por médicos participantes del grupo avanzado de trauma entre los años de 2004 al 2014 y que fueron víctimas por armas de fragmentación no convencionales.

Resultados
Se evaluó un total de 182 pacientes, Con promedio de edad de 23 años; Hubo 158 lesiones ortopédicas, la amputación fue la más frecuente en 105 pacientes (66.4%), de las cuales 64.2% fueron infracondileas, 1.64 % de miembros superiores y 0.54% supracondileas. Y según rango militar; soldados 81.4% y Oficiales 6%. Asociado al trauma oseo se presentó otras complicaciones como; Embolismo graso 1.64%, Osteomielitis 2.94% Trauma acústico 3.85%, Trauma ocular 3.29%, Trauma facial 7.14%, Trauma cráneo encefálico 0.54%, Neuropatías 4.94%, Sepsis por K. Pneumonia y E. Faecalis 2.19%, con una mortalidad global de 1 paciente (0,58%)

Conclusión
En Colombia entre febrero de 2004 y Mayo del 2014 los AEI fueron la causa más frecuente de heridos de guerra generando lesiones osteomusculares con predominio de amputaciones infracondileas, con baja incidencia infecciones asociadas y mortalidad asociada.

How to cite this article
Varona ETM, Páez CAA, Moreno AB. Artefactos Explosivos Improvisados, Atención En Ambientes Austeros. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(2):61-67.
Álcool E Direção: Uma Realidade Entre Os Estudantes
Authors: Couto Vanessa Brito Miguel , Sampaio Bernardo Pires , Rosas Leonardo de Lima , Costa Ana Carla de Santana , Corrêa Ana Lúcia de Camargo , K Kadja de Morais Correia , Alves Ravel Souza , Silva Gabriela Santos , de Souza Roberto Almeida Rego , Salomão Irany Santana 
Published: September 2017

RESUMO

Histórico
Os índices de acidentes de trânsito causados por motoristas alcoolizado conservam-se altos, principalmente quando se considera a população de estudantes, na qual o consumo de álcool é maior que na população em geral. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a prevalência do binômio bebida alcóolica e direção em estudantes no município de Ilhéus, Brasil.

Desenho de Estudo
Trata-se de um trabalho prospectivo e quantitativo em que foi aplicado um questionário aleatoriamente em 192 estudantes que se encontravam em bares na cidade de Ilhéus durante o mês de maio de 2016.

Resultados
O sexo masculino foi discretamente mais prevalente (53,1%), com predominância da faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos (71,9%) e daqueles que cursavam o ensino superior (70,3%). Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que 76,5% beberam pela primeira vez entre 12 e 17 anos; 50% experimentaram bebida alcóolica numa festa ou evento social e 43,7% começaram a ingerir álcool por causa dos amigos. Quanto ao hábito de dirigir após consumir bebida alcóolica, 62,5% relataram possuí-lo e a maioria dos entrevistados pegariam carona sabendo que o motorista ingeriu álcool (78,1%). Apesar disso, quase todos os estudantes (97%) consideram-se bem informados quanto à problemática do consumo de álcool, principalmente ao associá-lo com a direção.

Conclusão
A maioria dos jovens universitários costuma ingerir bebida alcóolica e dirigir. Além disso, ignoram o fato do motorista estar alcoolizado ao aceitarem uma carona, apesar de terem consciência dos prejuízos advindos dessa associação.

How to cite this article
Couto VBM, Sampaio BP, de Lima Rosas L, de Santana Costa AC, de Camargo Corrêa AL, de Morais Correia K, Alves RS, Silva GS, de Souza RAR, Salomão IS. Álcool E Direção: Uma Realidade Entre Os Estudantes. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(2):68-71.
Cross-sectional Study on Utilization of Radiology and Imaging Equipment in the District Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Mofazzal , Sultana Papia , Shahjahan M 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
A quality diagnosis mostly depends on the availability and proper utilization of radiology and imaging equipments in the modern medical technology. Every year, huge amount of revenue is spent to purchase costly and sophisticated radiology and imaging equipments for the district hospitals of Bangladesh. But radiology and imaging equipments are underutilized in most of the developing Asian and African countries, including Bangladesh. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find the functional status, workload, utilization, and factors affecting the utilization of radiology and imaging equipments in the district hospitals of Bangladesh. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to take interview of relevant human resources. Work time study method was applied where multiple checklists were used to measure consumed time for each procedure and daily actual work time of radiology and imaging equipments. In this study, 46.9% radiology and imaging equipments were found functional, 40.6% radiology and imaging equipments nonfunctional, and 12.5% radiology and imaging equipments functional but not in use. This study revealed that 53% of total radiology and imaging equipments of district hospitals were nonfunctional, and functional but not in use, where 8 equipments became nonfunctional before 10 years due to unavailability of spare parts and inadequate maintenance fund. Work time in radiography identified 83.51% and in ultrasonography (USG) 71.08% among the respondents of radiology and imaging department in the district hospitals. Utilization rate of general radiography equipments was found to be 67.01%, portable radiography equipments 16.5%, and USG equipments 71.08%. Average utilization rate of radiology and imaging equipments was found to be 51.53% in the district hospitals of Bangladesh. Utilization rate of radiology and imaging equipments more than 50% is considered as standard utilization. Current status of utilization rate needs to accelerate to get maximum turnover of the equipments among the district hospitals of Bangladesh. Important factors affecting the utilization of radiology and imaging equipments were observed — shortage of manpower, inadequate physical infrastructure, and less incorporation of advanced technology with existing facility.

How to cite this article
Hossain MM, Sultana P, Shahjahan M. Cross-sectional Study on Utilization of Radiology and Imaging Equipment in the District Hospitals of Bangladesh. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2017;5(1):21-28.