bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneath Our Eyes: An Exploration of the Relationship between Technology Enhanced Learning and Socio‐Ecological Sustainability in Art and Design Higher Education
Authors: Sclater Madeleine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article uses published research to explore how Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) can help to sustain learning communities to engage in creative exploration and open investigation. It then draws on this research to ask: how could we use TEL to support pedagogies of socio‐ecological sustainability in the Art and Design education community? Three interrelated themes are explored: learning communities – in developing shared values and supporting investigations around issues of concern; learning spaces – in supporting these communities and their dialogue; and theory – to illustrate and provide language to understand the values, activities and goals of participants. Theory may help us to link the impact of these community activities, supported by TEL, to global issues. This article attempts to initiate an exploration of the fundamental elements required to create pedagogies of socio‐ecological sustainability within Art and Design higher education.
Distinguishing migration events of different timing for wild boar in the Balkans
Authors: Alexandri Panoraia , Megens Hendrik‐Jan , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A. , Groenen Martien A. M. , Goedbloed Daniel J. , Herrero‐Medrano Juan M. , Rund Lauretta A. , Schook Laurence B. , Chatzinikos Evangelos , Triantaphyllidis Costas , Triantafyllidis Alexander 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimWe compared the power of different nuclear markers to investigate genetic structure of southern Balkan wild boar. We distinguished between historic events, such as isolation in different refugia during glacial periods, from recent demographic processes, such as naturally occurring expansions.LocationSouthern Balkans/Greece.MethodsWe sampled 555 wild boars from 20 different locations in southern Balkans/Greece. All individuals were analysed with 10 microsatellites and a subgroup of 91 with 49,508 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Patterns of genetic structure and demographic processes were assessed with Bayesian clustering, linkage disequilibrium and past effective population size estimation analysis.ResultsBoth microsatellite and SNP data analyses detected genetic structure caused by historic events and support the existence of three groups in the studied area. A hybrid zone between two of the groups was also detected. We also showed that genome‐wide SNP data analysis can identify recent events in bottlenecked populations.Main conclusionsWe inferred the three groups diverged ~50,000–10,000 yr bp when populations contracted to different refugia. Our findings strengthened the evidence that the southern Balkan area was a glacial refugium including further local smaller refugia. Genome‐wide genotyping inferred a recent population expansion that can mimic a ‘refugium within refugium’ scenario. It seems that microsatellite data tend to overestimate genetic structure when genetic drift happens in bottlenecked populations over a short distance. Therefore, genome‐wide SNPs are more powerful at inferring phylogeography in natural populations, resolving inconsistencies from mitochondrial and microsatellite data sets.
Applying dynamic species distribution modelling to lek‐mating species
Authors: Sadoti Giancarlo , Albright Thomas P. , Johnson Kristine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimLek‐mating species, in which males congregate to display and copulate with females, are of long‐standing behavioural, economic and conservation interest. Monitoring programs often target areas in which these species aggregate for mating (lek arenas) because of the often cryptic behaviours of these species when away from lek arenas. Due to survey methodologies and the ecology of many lek‐mating species, the building of species distribution models (SDMs) requires researchers to consider issues that are generally absent when modelling distributions of non‐lek‐mating species. We describe these considerations and illustrate the advantages of employing dynamic SDMs to address non‐equilibrium between a lek‐mating species (Lesser Prairie‐Chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) and its environment.LocationNew Mexico, U.S.A.MethodsWe employed a 27‐year data set of 2771 lek surveys from a T. pallidicinctus metapopulation to build dynamic SDMs using multi‐season occupancy modelling. We considered covariates (1) indexing past abundance and distribution patterns expected to influence dispersal and local persistence, (2) describing landscape and weather dynamics expected to influence local recruitment, and (3) describing survey‐level conditions expected to influence lek attendance.ResultsThe most supported dynamic SDM indicated an overall decline in occurrence and an ending distribution more restricted to the northern part of the 1222 km2 study area. Local colonization was best predicted by weather and landscape dynamics, while local extinction was best predicted by population processes and weather.Main conclusionsConservation of T. pallidicinctus will likely face challenges from (1) the reduced likelihood of colonization in areas of historical shrub‐targeting herbicide application and (2) projected patterns of seasonal temperature and precipitation under climate change. In considering lek‐mating species in general, we recommend the use of dynamic SDMs for an improved understanding of factors influencing distributions through time. Our approach and related efforts represent an important step in forecasting distributions under projected scenarios of environmental change to assist the conservation of these species.
Periodontal regeneration compared with access flap surgery in human intra‐bony defects 20‐year follow‐up of a randomized clinical trial: tooth retention, periodontitis recurrence and costs
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Buti Jacopo , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimCompare the long‐term outcomes and costs of three treatment modalities in intra‐bony defects.Materials and MethodsForty‐five intra‐bony defects in 45 patients had been randomly allocated to receive: modified papilla preservation technique with titanium‐reinforced expanded‐polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes (MPPT Tit, N = 15); access flap with expanded‐PTFE membranes (Flap‐ePTFE, N = 15) and access flap alone (Flap, N = 15). Supportive periodontal care (SPC) was provided monthly for 1 year, then every 3 months for 20 years. Periodontal therapy was delivered to sites showing recurrences.ResultsForty‐one patients complied with SPC. Four subjects were lost to follow‐up. Clinical attachment‐level differences between 1 and 20 years were −0.1 ± 0.3 mm (p = 0.58) in the MPPT Tit; −0.5 ± 0.1 mm (p = 0.003) in the Flap‐ePTFE and −1.7 ± 0.4 mm (p < 0.001) in the Flap. At 20 years, sites treated with Flap showed greater attachment loss compared to MPPT Tit (1.4 ± 0.4 mm; p = 0.008) and to Flap‐ePTFE (1.1 ± 0.4 mm; p = 0.03). Flap group lost two treated teeth. Five episodes of recurrences occurred in the MPPT Tit, six in the Flap‐ePTFE and fifteen in the Flap group. Residual pocket depth at 1‐year was significantly correlated with the number of recurrences (p = 0.002). Sites treated with flap had greater OR for recurrences and higher costs of re‐intervention than regenerated sites over a 20‐year follow‐up period with SPC.ConclusionsRegeneration provided better long‐term benefits than Flap: no tooth loss, less periodontitis progression and less expense from re‐intervention over a 20‐year period. These benefits need to be interpreted in the context of higher immediate costs associated with regenerative treatment. These initial observations need to be extended to larger groups and broader clinical settings.
Four‐year sequential nerve conduction changes since first visit in Japanese patients with early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kobori Mariko , Yagihashi Soroku , Shiina Norie , Shiozawa Nana , Haginoya Akiko , Ojima Misato , Douguchi Satako , Tamasawa Atsuko , Saitou Miyoko , Baba Masayuki , Osonoi Takeshi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionDespite being the most common complication of diabetes, the pattern of clinical development of diabetic neuropathy is not well‐known. In the present study, we retrospectively examined sequential changes in nerve conduction studies (NCS) for 4 years to characterize the way neuropathic changes develop in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe randomly selected 158 patients with type 2 diabetes who newly visited Naka Memorial Clinic, Ibaraki, Japan, and underwent serial 4‐year NCS. Records of clinical profile, signs and symptoms of neuropathy, and NCS data from median and tibial nerves were extracted to determine the progression of neuropathy. NCS data were represented by motor nerve conduction velocities, amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and minimal latencies of F‐wave.ResultsThe prevalence of clinical neuropathy in 158 cases was 30% at baseline and 29% at the end of the study, with improvement of glycated hemoglobin (8.6–6.9%). Over 4 years, there were no changes of the signs and symptoms of neuropathy. Motor nerve conduction velocities were slightly improved or consistent at the fourth year compared with those at the beginning (+1.5% in median nerve, P < 0.05; +0.8%, not significant in the tibial nerve). The extent of the glycated hemoglobin correction correlated with the improvement of motor nerve conduction velocity. In contrast, CMAPs of both median and tibial nerves were decreased (−11.6%, P < 0.01; −3.7%, P < 0.05, respectively). For the decrease in CMAPs, no specific risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe present study showed progressive decline of CMAPs despite improved glycemic controls or the lack of NCV slowing in patients with early type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of the association between glucose profiles and β‐cell function for diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in China
Authors: Fang Ping , Dong Jingcheng , Zeng Fangfang , Tang Zihui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the severity of glucose profiles and β‐cell function associated with diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) in a Chinese sample.Materials and MethodsA community‐based, cross‐sectional study to analyze the risk factors of DCAN was carried out with 455 individuals recruited from a Chinese population. The glucose profile risk score was calculated to identify the association between the severity of the glucose profiles and DCAN. The associations of the severity of the glucose profiles and β‐cell function with DCAN were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that the glucose profiles and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were significantly associated with the DCAN outcome, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant associations exist between glucose profile indices and DCAN, after controlling for potential confounding factors (P < 0.01 for all) in both models. Multivariable logistic regression also showed that parameters of β‐cell function were associated with the DCAN outcome in the category model (P < 0.1 for all). The glucose profile risk score was independently and significantly associated with the DCAN outcome after controlling for confounding factors (P < 0.001 and P for a trend <0.001).ConclusionsOur observations suggest that parameters of glucose profile indices and β‐cell function are significantly and independently associated with DCAN, respectively. There was a tendency toward increased glucose profile risk score with increasing prevalence of DCAN.
Integrating Depression Care Management into Medicare Home Health Reduces Risk of 30‐ and 60‐Day Hospitalization: The Depression Care for Patients at Home Cluster‐Randomized Trial
Authors: Bruce Martha L. , Lohman Matthew C. , Greenberg Rebecca L. , Bao Yuhua , Raue Patrick J. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether a depression care management intervention in Medicare home health recipients decreases risk of hospitalization.DesignCluster‐randomized trial. Nurse teams were randomized to intervention (12 teams) or enhanced usual care (EUC; 9 teams).SettingSix home health agencies from distinct geographic regions. Home health recipients were interviewed at home and over the telephone.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older who screened positive for depression on nurse assessments (N = 755) and a subset who consented to interviews (n = 306).InterventionThe Depression CARE for PATients at Home (CAREPATH) guides nurses in managing depression during routine home visits. Clinical functions include weekly symptom assessment, medication management, care coordination, patient education, and goal setting. Researchers conducted telephone conferences with team supervisors every 2 weeks.MeasurementsHospitalization while receiving home health services was assessed using data from the home health record. Hospitalization within 30 days of starting home health, regardless of how long recipients received home health services, was assessed using data from the home care record and research assessments.ResultsThe relative hazard of being admitted to the hospital directly from home health was 35% lower within 30 days of starting home health care (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.65, P = .01) and 28% lower within 60 days (HR = 0.72, P = .03) for CAREPATH participants than for participants receiving EUC. In participants referred to home health directly from the hospital, the relative hazard of being rehospitalized was approximately 55% lower (HR = 0.45, P = .001) for CAREPATH participants.ConclusionIntegrating CAREPATH depression care management into routine nursing practice reduces hospitalization and rehospitalization risk in older adults receiving Medicare home health nursing services.
Spaces of Resistance, Everyday Activism, and Belonging: Youth Reimagining and Reconfiguring the City in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Magaña Maurice Rafael 
Published: October 2016

ResumenLos procesos relacionados con la urbanización, las reformas neoliberales y la militarización, ponen cada vez más en conflicto los intereses del estado, los de los capitalistas, y de la sociedad civil en cuanto a ideas encontradas sobre el uso, significado y naturaleza de los espacios públicos. Este artículo está arraigado en un trabajo etnográfico conducido en Oaxaca, México, y se enfoca en cómo una red de jóvenes activistas—inspirados por su previa participación en un movimiento social que tomó control de la ciudad capitalina por seis meses, durante el 2006—construye redes que combinan espacios físicos y simbólicos con más espacios territorializados tales como lo son los centros culturales dirigido por jóvenes. A través de un análisis de los eventos, este artículo sostiene que al enfocarse en la constitución material y social del poder y del espacio, se nos brinda la oportunidad de entender mejor las complejidades de cómo se producen, impugnan y negocian el poder y la resistencia de modo que podamos imaginar nuevas maneras de comprender y auscultar los movimientos sociales.
The importance of heating duration for Raman CM thermometry: evidence from contact metamorphism around the Great Whin Sill intrusion, UK
Authors: Mori H. , Mori N. , Wallis S. , Westaway R. , Annen C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe degree of crystallinity of amorphous carbonaceous material (CM) increases with heating. Previous studies have shown good correlations between maximum temperature and the structural state of CM as measured by Raman spectroscopy. Changes in CM are also expected to depend on the time‐scale of heating, but there are very few data that can be used to define this relationship. Thermal modelling of contact metamorphism developed around the 66 m thick Great Whin Sill in County Durham, England, shows that the time‐scale of heating was on the order of ~40–270 years with a temperature range of ~300–680 °C within ~110 m from the sill contact. Raman spectroscopy reveals a significant increase in the crystallinity of the CM (from a less crystallized D1‐band width of ~110 cm−1 up to a well crystallized R2 peak area ratio of ~0.43) within ~50 m from the sill contact—corresponding to an apparent increase in temperature of up to ~200 °C when estimated using conventional Raman CM geothermometry. Over this distance, the temperatures derived from thermal modelling exceed ~400 °C and heating occurred over a time‐scale of c. 100 years. Combining the results of this study with the results of previous work shows both the maximum attained temperature and the duration of heating have a significant effect on the resulting Raman spectra and demonstrates the utility of this method to derive quantitative descriptions of the kinetics of CM crystallization in rocks.
3‐Hydroxybutyrate regulates energy metabolism and induces BDNF expression in cerebral cortical neurons
Authors: Marosi Krisztina , Kim Sang Woo , Moehl Keelin , Scheibye‐Knudsen Morten , Cheng Aiwu , Cutler Roy , Camandola Simonetta , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDuring fasting and vigorous exercise, a shift of brain cell energy substrate utilization from glucose to the ketone 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) occurs. Studies have shown that 3OHB can protect neurons against excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Neurons maintained in the presence of 3OHB exhibited increased oxygen consumption and ATP production, and an elevated NAD+/NADH ratio. We found that 3OHB metabolism increases mitochondrial respiration which drives changes in expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. The mechanism by which 3OHB induces Bdnf gene expression involves generation of reactive oxygen species, activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB, and activity of the histone acetyltransferase p300/EP300. Because BDNF plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal stress resistance, our findings suggest cellular signaling mechanisms by which 3OHB may mediate adaptive responses of neurons to fasting, exercise, and ketogenic diets.
image
Influence of Gender and Care Strategy in Family Caregivers´ Strain: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Casado‐Mejía Rosa , Ruiz‐Arias Esperanza 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the factors that influence the strain on family caregivers of elderly dependent people, relating it to the strategy of care, with a gender perspective.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsWe interviewed 328 Spanish family caregivers in 2012. Main variable: Caregiver Strain Index (CSI). Independent variables: relationship, sex, age, marital status, education level, employment status, socioeconomic status, family and/or institutional supports, time they devote to care, and how long they have been giving care. Data were analyzed using bivariate procedures and multiple linear regression.FindingsCaregiver profile: women around 60 years old, housewives, with primary education. CSI average: 6.63 ± 3.36. Female sex, kinship being a son or daughter, housewife employment status, service of home care, and the care recipient being female were significantly associated with the subjective strain.ConclusionsCaregivers´ strain has a strong gender component: women are more tired, primarily those that practice a partial care strategy.Clinical RelevanceKnowing the factors that predict burden, nurses may help caregivers to provide better care. A risk profile for strain and burden: women who practice a partial care strategy; they are adult women and daughters who do not want to give up their professional role and combine it with their duty of caregiving.
Calcium signalling and ER stress in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis
Authors: Ozcan L. , Tabas I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe burden of type 2 diabetes and its major complication cardiovascular disease is rapidly increasing worldwide. Understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases is crucial to develop novel therapeutics. Recent work using genetic and biochemical methods in mouse models and human samples have identified disturbed calcium signalling and endoplasmic reticulum stress as emerging factors involved in the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. In this review, we will highlight the specific roles of calcium signalling and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
The variable routes of rafting: stranding dynamics of floating bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) on beaches in the SE Pacific
Authors: López Boris A. , Macaya Erasmo C. , Tala Fadia , Tellier Florence , Thiel Martin 
Published: October 2016

Dispersal on floating seaweeds depends on availability, viability, and trajectories of the rafts. In the southern hemisphere, the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica is one of the most common floating seaweeds, but phylogeographic studies had shown low connectivity between populations from continental Chile, which could be due to limitations in local supply and dispersal of floating kelps. To test this hypothesis, the spatiotemporal dynamics of kelp strandings were examined in four biogeographic districts along the Chilean coast (28°–42°S). We determined the biomass and demography of stranded individuals on 33 beaches for three subsequent years (2013, 2014, 2015) to examine whether rafting is restricted to certain districts and seasons (winter or summer). Stranded kelps were found on all beaches. Most kelps had only one stipe (one individual), although we also frequently found coalesced holdfasts with mature males and females, which would facilitate successful rafting dispersal, gamete release, and reproduction upon arrival. High biomasses of stranded kelps occurred in the northern‐central (30°S–33°S) and southernmost districts (37°S–42°S), and lower biomasses in the northernmost (28°S–30°S) and southern‐central districts (33°S–37°S). The highest percentages and sizes of epibionts (Lepas spp.), indicative of prolonged floating periods, were found on stranded kelps in the northernmost and southernmost districts. Based on these results, we conclude that rafting dispersal can vary regionally, being more common in the northernmost and southernmost districts, depending on intrinsic (seaweed biology) and extrinsic factors (shore morphology and oceanography) that affect local supply of kelps and regional hydrodynamics.
Determinants of patchiness of woody vegetation in an African savanna
Authors: Veldhuis Michiel P. , Rozen‐Rechels David , le Roux Elizabeth , Cromsigt Joris P.G.M. , Berg Matty P. , Olff Han 
Published: October 2016

AbstractQuestionsHow is woody vegetation patchiness affected by rainfall, fire and large herbivore biomass? Can we predict woody patchiness and cover over large‐scale environmental gradients?LocationHluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park, South Africa.MethodsWe quantified variation in local patchiness as the lacunarity of woody cover on satellite‐derived images. Using Random Forest regression we analysed how both average woody cover and its patchiness depend on annual rainfall, fire frequency and grazer and browser metabolic biomass densities.ResultsFire frequency and rainfall were the clearest predictors, whereas effects of large herbivores on woody vegetation were smaller and more complex. Under low rainfall conditions (500 mm·yr−1) trees had less total cover and were more regularly spaced across the landscape (lower patchiness). Woody cover and vegetation patchiness increased with rainfall whereas fire frequency decreased woody cover and further increased patchiness.ConclusionThese results suggest a switch from competition between neighbouring trees under low rainfall conditions towards benefits among neighbours with increasing fire frequencies. Whereas overall woody cover and its patchiness are two independent aspects of savanna woody vegetation patterns, both need to be investigated to obtain a good understanding of the functioning and diversity of savanna ecosystems.