bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of forced degradation products of canagliflozine by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and in silico toxicity predictions
Authors: Baira Shandilya Mahamuni , Kalariya Pradipbhai D. , Nimbalkar Rakesh , Garg Prabha , Srinivas R. , Talluri M.V.N. Kumar 
Published: November 2017

RationaleForced degradation studies are useful for better understanding of the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients and drugs and to generate information about drug degradation pathways and formation of degradation products (DPs). Identification of DPs plays a vital role in establishing the safety and therapeutic benefit of a drug.MethodsCanagliflozin (CAN) was subjected to different stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (Q1A R2). All the DPs and the drug were well separated on an Aquity CSH C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile–methanol (70:30, v/v) and formic acid in gradient mode. The same UPLC method was employed for LC/HRMS for the characterization of DPs. In addition, in silico toxicity was predicted for all the DPs by using TOPKAT and DEREK software tools.ResultsCAN was found to degrade under oxidative stress condition and formed DP1 and DP2. This is a typical case of degradation where co‐solvents acetonitrile–water (50:50, v/v) and methanol–water (50:50, v/v) react with CAN under acid hydrolytic conditions leading to the formation of pseudo‐DPs, DP3 and DP4, respectively. Among these, DP2 and DP3 showed ocular irritancy whereas DP1 showed skin sensitization.ConclusionsThe drug was labile under oxidative stress condition. CAN reacted with co‐solvent under acid hydrolytic conditions and gave pseudo‐DPs. All the DPs were separated using UPLC and characterized by LC/QTOF/MS/MS. Toxicity of DPs was evaluated using TOPKAT and DEREK software tools.
Anions‐Mediated Morphological Control of Nano‐ /Microscaled Materials: A Case Study of Protonated Melamine‐Based Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Luo Yang‐Hui , Li Yao‐Jia , Chen Chen , Wang Jing‐Wen , An Pei‐Jing , Wu Hong‐Shuai , Sun Bai‐Wang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFabricating of melamine (MM)‐based multi‐component functional self‐assemblies have been investigated intensively. However, studies on protonated MM still in its infancy. Hence in this work, we studied the self‐assembly of protonated MM in different forms (1⋅ClO4− [MMH+⋅ClO4−⋅H2O], 2⋅Br− [MMH2+⋅2Br−⋅H2O], and 3⋅Cl− [MMH2+⋅2Cl−⋅H2O]) with various oxoanions (SO42−, NO3− and PO43−). Results revealed that the original anions ClO4‐, Br‐, and Cl‐, though not included in these self‐assemblies, are mainly responsible for the spectacular morphologies, from cuboids (1.SO42−) to prismoids (2.SO42−), sheets (3.SO42−), fibers (1.NO3−), rods (2.NO3−, 3.NO3−) and ribbons (1.PO43−, 2.PO43−, 3.PO43−). The crystalline phase and compositions of these self‐assemblies were found to be independent from the original protonated MM and the degree of protonation, while depend on the specific oxoanions. Therefore, the self‐assembly mechanism can be proposed. These results may provide an effective strategy for morphological control, especially for further development in protonated MM‐based functional materials.
Asymmetric Fullerene Nanosurfactant: Interface Engineering for Automatic Molecular Alignments
Authors: Kim Dae‐Yoon , Lee Sang‐A , Kim Soeun , Nah Changwoon , Lee Seung Hee , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince the molecular self‐assembly of nanomaterials is sensitive to their surface properties, the molecular packing structure on the surface is essential to build the desired chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials. Here, a new nanosurfactant is proposed for the automatic construction of macroscopic surface alignment layer for liquid crystal (LC) molecules. An asymmetric nanosurfactant (C60NS) consisted of mesogenic cyanobiphenyl moieties with flexible alkyl chains and a [60]fullerene nanoatom is newly designed and precisely synthesized. The C60NS directly introduced in the anisotropic LC medium is self‐assembled into the monolayered protrusions on the surface because of its amphiphilic nature originated by asymmetrically programmed structural motif of LC‐favoring moieties and LC‐repelling groups. The monolayered protrusions constructed by the phase‐separation and self‐assembly of asymmetric C60NS nanosurfactant in the anisotropic LC media amplify and transfer the molecular orientational order from surface to bulk, and finally create the automatic vertical molecular alignment on the macroscopic length scale. The asymmetric C60NS nanosurfactant and its self‐assembly described herein can offer the direct guideline of interface engineering for the automatic molecular alignments.
Design and Biomedical Applications of Poly(amidoamine)‐Dendrimer‐Based Hybrid Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Fan Yu , Sun Wenjie , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDendrimers, especially poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, possess unique properties such as 3D architecture, monodispersity, highly branched macromolecular characteristics, and tunable terminal functionalities. These properties allow them to be used for controlled synthesis and assembly of hybrid nanoarchitectures with a range of properties suitable for biomedical applications. Here, the recent advances in the design of different PAMAM‐dendrimer‐based hybrid nanoarchitectures for various biomedical applications, in particular for molecular imaging, nonviral gene delivery, and theranostics, are summarized and discussed; future perspectives are also briefly illustrated.
SIRT1 exhibits antioxidative effects in HT22 cells induced by tert‐butyl alcohol
Authors: Ma Junxiang , Song Dongmei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Li , Zhang Shixuan , Jia Jiaxin , Chen Tian , Guo Caixia , Tian Lin , Gao Ai , Niu Piye 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) is a principal metabolite of methyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE), a common pollutant worldwide in the ground or underground water, which is found to produce nervous system damage. Nevertheless, few data regarding the effects of TBA has been reported. Studies indicated that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in MTBE neurotoxic mechanism. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to exert a neuroprotective effect on various neurologic diseases via resistance to oxidative stress by deacetylating its substrates. In this study, we examined levels of oxidative stress after exposure to TBA for 6 h in HT22 cells and HT22 cells with SIRT1 silencing (transfected with SIRT1 siRNA) or high expression (preconditioned with agonists SRT1720). We found that TBA activated oxidative stress by increasing generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and decreasing contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH). In additional, levels of TBA‐induced oxidative stress were aggravated when SIRT1 silenced but alleviated when SIRT1 enhanced. Our study indicated that SIRT1 mitigated oxidative stress induced by TBA.
Fenofibrate induced PPAR alpha expression was attenuated by oestrogen receptor alpha overexpression in Hep3B cells
Authors: Jeng Long‐Bin , Velmurugan Bharath Kumar , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Wen Su‐Ying , Shen Chia‐Yao , Lin Chih‐Hao , Lin Yueh‐Min , Chen Ray‐Jade , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe physiological regulation of Oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The present study we first treat the cells with fenofibrate and further investigated the possible mechanisms of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and/or ERα on regulating PPARα expression. We also found higher PPARα expression in the tumor area than adjacent areas and subsequently compared PPARα expression in four different hepatic cancer cell lines. Hep3B cells were found to express more PPARα than the other cell lines. Using the PPARα agonist fenofibrate, we found that fenofibrate increased Hep3B cell proliferation efficiency by increasing cell cycle proteins, such as cyclin D1 and PCNA, and inhibiting p27 and caspase 3 expressions. Next, we performed transient transfections and immuno‐precipitation studies using the pTRE2/ERα plasmid to evaluate the interaction between ERα and PPARα. ERα interacted directly with PPARα and negatively regulated its function. Moreover, in Tet‐on ERα over‐expressed Hep3B cells, E2 treatment inhibited PPARα, its downstream gene acyl‐CoA oxidase (ACO), cyclin D1 and PCNA expression and further increased p27 and caspase 3 expressions. However, over‐expressed ERα plus 17‐β‐estradiol (10−8 M) reversed the fenofibrate effect and induced apoptosis, which was blocked in ICI/melatonin/fenofibrate‐treated cells. This study illustrates that PPARα expression and function were negatively regulated by ERα expression in Hep3B cells.
Relationship between follicular volume and oocyte competence, blastocyst development and live‐birth rate: optimal follicle size for oocyte retrieval
Authors: Wirleitner B. , Okhowat J. , Vištejnová L. , Králíčková M. , Karlíková M. , Vanderzwalmen P. , Ectors F. , Hradecký L. , Schuff M. , Murtinger M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze oocyte competence in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) stimulation cycles with regard to maturity, fertilization and blastocyst rate, as well as clinical outcome (pregnancy and live‐birth rate), in relation to follicular volume, measured by three‐dimensional transvaginal sonography (3D‐TVS), and follicular fluid composition.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐center study conducted between June 2012 and June 2014, including 118 ovum pick‐ups with subsequent embryo transfer. Ovarian stimulation was performed using the GnRHa long protocol. Of 1493 follicles aspirated individually, follicular volume was evaluated successfully in 1236 using automated 3D‐TVS during oocyte retrieval. Oocyte maturity and blastocyst development were tracked according to follicular volume. Intrafollicular concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and granulocyte–colony stimulating factor were quantified by immunoassay. Clinical outcome, in terms of implantation rate, (clinical) pregnancy rate, miscarriage and live‐birth rate (LBR), was evaluated.ResultsFollicles were categorized, according to their volume, into three arbitrary groups, which included 196 small (8–12 mm/0.3–0.9 mL), 772 medium (13–23 mm/1–6 mL) and 268 large (≥ 24 mm/> 6 mL) follicles. Although oocyte recovery rate was significantly lower in small follicles compared with medium and large ones (63.8% vs 76.6% and 81.3%, respectively; P < 0.001), similar fertilization rates (85.1% vs 75.3% and 81.4%, respectively) and blastocyst rates (40.5% vs 40.6% and 37.2%, respectively) per mature metaphase II oocyte were observed. A trend towards higher LBR after transfer of blastocysts derived from small (< 1 mL) follicles compared with medium (1–6 mL) or large (> 6 mL) follicles (54.5% vs 42.0%, and 41.7%, respectively) was observed. No predictive value of follicular fluid biomarkers was identified.ConclusionsOur data indicate that the optimal follicular volume for a high yield of good quality blastocysts with good potential to lead to a live birth is 13–23 mm/1–6 mL. However, oocytes derived from small follicles (8–12 mm/0.3–0.9 mL) still have the capacity for normal development and subsequent delivery of healthy children, suggesting that aspiration of these follicles should be encouraged as this would increase the total number of blastocysts retrieved per stimulation. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Numerical study of the vibrations of an elastic container filled with an inviscid fluid
Authors: Hermant Nicolas , Chouly Franz , Silva Fabrice , Luizard Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate numerically the vibrational behavior of an elastic structure containing an inviscid fluid with a filling hole where the pressure is prescribed. The underlying mathematical model is detailed and its spectra is characterized. The finite element method relies upon the added‐mass formulation of Morand and Ohayon but avoids the explicit assembly of the dense added‐mass matrix. A parametric study allows to characterize the system's response to dimensionless parameters in terms of eigenfrequencies. The resulting mode shapes are then physically discussed, with emphasis on the presence and the behavior of singular modes caused by specific boundary conditions in the fluid.
Postoperative Albumin–Bilirubin Grade Change Predicts the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatitis B‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within the Milan Criteria
Authors: Li Chuan , Zhang Xiao‐Yun , Peng Wei , Wen Tian‐Fu , Yan Lu‐Nan , Li Bo , Yang Jia‐Yin , Wang Wen‐Tao , Xu Ming‐Qing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlbumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been validated as a simple, evidence‐based, and objective prognostic tool for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, minimal information is available concerning postoperative ALBI grade changes in HCC. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of postoperative ALBI grade changes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC within the Milan criteria after liver resection.MethodsPatients with HBV‐related HCC within the Milan criteria who underwent liver resection between 2010 and 2016 at West China Hospital were reviewed (N = 258). A change in ALBI grade was defined as first postoperative month ALBI grade–preoperative ALBI grade. If the value was >0, postoperative worsening of ALBI grade was considered; otherwise, stable ALBI grade was considered. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the factors that influence recurrence and survival.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 130 patients experienced recurrence and 47 patients died. Multivariate analyses revealed that postoperative worsening of ALBI grade (HR 1.541, 95% CI 1.025–2.318, P = 0.038), microvascular invasion (MVI, HR 1.802, 95% CI 1.205–2.695, P = 0.004), and multiple tumors (HR 1.676, 95% CI 1.075–2.615, P = 0.023) were associated with postoperative recurrence, whereas MVI (HR 2.737, 95% CI 1.475–5.080, P = 0.001), postoperative worsening of ALBI grade (HR 2.268, 95% CI 1.227–4.189, P = 0.009), high alpha‐fetoprotein level (HR 2.055, 95% CI 1.136–3.716, P = 0.017), and transfusion (HR 2.597, 95% CI 1.395–4.834, P = 0.003) negatively influenced long‐term survival. Patients with postoperative worsening of ALBI grade exhibited increased incidence of recurrence and worse long‐term survival.ConclusionPostoperative worsening of ALBI grade was associated with increased recurrence and poorer overall survival for patients with HBV‐related HCC within the Milan criteria. We should pay attention to liver function changes in HCC patients after liver resection.
A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment
Authors: Zuidema Paquita , Torri Giuseppe , Muller Caroline , Chandra Arunchandra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPools of air cooled by partial rain evaporation span up to several hundreds of kilometers in nature and typically last less than 1 day, ultimately losing their identity to the large-scale flow. These fundamentally differ in character from the radiatively-driven dry pools defining convective aggregation. Advancement in remote sensing and in computer capabilities has promoted exploration of how precipitation-induced cold pool processes modify the convective spectrum and life cycle. This contribution surveys current understanding of such cold pools over the tropical and subtropical oceans. In shallow convection with low rain rates, the cold pools moisten, preserving the near-surface equivalent potential temperature or increasing it if the surface moisture fluxes cannot ventilate beyond the new surface layer; both conditions indicate downdraft origin air from within the boundary layer. When rain rates exceed $$\sim$$
∼
2 mm h$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, convective-scale downdrafts can bring down drier air of lower equivalent potential temperature from above the boundary layer. The resulting density currents facilitate the lifting of locally thermodynamically favorable air and can impose an arc-shaped mesoscale cloud organization. This organization allows clouds capable of reaching 4–5 km within otherwise dry environments. These are more commonly observed in the northern hemisphere trade wind regime, where the flow to the intertropical convergence zone is unimpeded by the equator. Their near-surface air properties share much with those shown from cold pools sampled in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Cold pools are most effective at influencing the mesoscale organization when the atmosphere is moist in the lower free troposphere and dry above, suggesting an optimal range of water vapor paths. Outstanding questions on the relationship between cold pools, their accompanying moisture distribution and cloud cover are detailed further. Near-surface water vapor rings are documented in one model inside but near the cold pool edge; these are not consistent with observations, but do improve with smaller horizontal grid spacings.
Effect of sevoflurane on the ATPase activity of hippocampal neurons in a rat model of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury via the cAMP‐PKA signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Tie‐Jun , Zhang Jin‐Cun , Gao Xiao‐Zeng , Tan Zhi‐Bin , Wang Jian‐Jun , Zhang Pan‐Pan , Cheng Ai‐Bin , Zhang Shu‐Bo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe aim to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the ATPase activity of the hippocampal neurons in rats with cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Sixty rats were assigned into the normal, model and sevoflurane groups (n = 20, the latter two groups were established as focal cerebral IRI models). The ATPase activity was detected using an ultramicro Na (+)‐K (+)‐ATP enzyme kit. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive protein expression of cAMP and PKA. The hippocampal neurons were assigned to the normal, IRI, IRI + sevoflurane, IRI + forskolin, IRI + H89 and IRI + sevoflurane + H89 groups. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were performed for the expressions of cAMP, PKA, cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The normal and sevoflurane groups exhibited a greater positive protein expression of cAMP and PKA than the model group. Compared with the normal group, the expressions of cAMP, PKA, CREB and BDNF all reduced in the IRI, model and IRI + H89 groups. The sevoflurane group showed higher cAMP, PKA, CREB and BDNF expressions than the model group. Compared with the IRI group, ATPase activity and expressions of cAMP, PKA, CREB and BDNF all increased in the normal, IRI + sevoflurane and IRI + forskolin groups but decreased in the IRI + H89 group. It suggests that sevoflurane could enhance ATPase activity in hippocampal neurons of cerebral IRI rats through activating cAMP‐PKA signaling pathway.
Ocean view: a first assessment of the littoral, crustose lichen biota of south Brazil
Authors: APTROOT André , GUMBOSKI Emerson Luiz , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe crustose lichen biota of coastal rocks in South Brazil was investigated. Several distinct lichen zones were found: a littoral black zone, a supralittoral yellow zone and a grey zone with species restricted to either exposed granite, dry overhangs, damp overhangs or places subjected to run-off. Dendrographa austrosorediata is newly described, with a crustose, flat to partly curling up or blister-like thallus which is much dissected, whitish grey, 0·1–0·2 mm thick; surface minutely densely cracked, rimose, with cracks intersecting at each c. 0·1 mm; soredia whitish to bluish grey but asymmetrically blackened in the direction facing the light, originating on the thallus surface, in initially discrete convex soralia. The phylogenetic position of this new species was traced by molecular methods. Stigmidium marinum, generally regarded as a lichenicolous fungus, was found as a free-living lichen, thousands of kilometres away from the nearest known occurrence of any purported host.
The lichen genusRinodina(Physciaceae,Caliciales) in north-eastern Asia
Authors: SHEARD John W. , EZHKIN Alexander K. , GALANINA Irina A. , HIMELBRANT Dmitry , KUZNETSOVA Ekaterina , SHIMIZU Akira , STEPANCHIKOVA Irina , THOR Göran , TØNSBERG Tor , YAKOVCHENKO Lidia S. , SPRIBILLE Toby 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRinodinais a widespread, polyphyletic genus of crustosePhysciaceaewithc. 300 species worldwide. A major missing link in understanding its global biogeography has been eastern Asia where the genus has never been systematically revised. Here we review specimen and literature records forRinodinafor north-eastern Asia (Russian Far East, Japan and the Korean Peninsula) and recognize 43 species. We describe two species,R. hypobadiaandR. orientalis, as new to science.Rinodina hypobadiais distinguished by its pigmented hypothecium,Dirinaria-type ascospores and pannarin in both thallus and epihymenium.Rinodina orientalisis characterized by its erumpent apothecia that remain broadly attached, with discs sometimes becoming convex and excluding the thalline margins, ascospores belonging to thePhyscia-type and secondary metabolites absent. Nine other species are reported from the region for the first time. These includeR. dolichospora,R. freyi,R. metaboliza,R. sicula,R. subminutaandR. willeyi. Of particular biogeographical interest are three additional new records that have western North American–eastern Asian distributions: the corticolous speciesR. endospora,R. macrosporaandR. megistospora. Six species have the better known eastern North American–eastern Asian distributions:R. ascociscana(syn.R. akagiensis,R. melancholica),R. buckii,R. chrysidiata,R. subminuta,R. tenuis(syn.R. adirondackii) andR. willeyi, and two have eastern North American–eastern Asian–European distributions:R. excrescensandR. moziana(syn.R. destituta,R. vezdae). Our study begins to close one of the largest gaps in our knowledge of circumboreal species distributions inRinodinaand, together with previous studies in North America and Europe, provides new insights into circumboreal crustose lichen biogeography.Rinodina cinereovirens(syn.R. turfaceavar. cinereovirens) is also reported as new to North America.