bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Strategies Of Agent-Based Modelling Application For Management Of Lakeland Landscapes At A Regional Scale
Authors: Giełda-Pinas Katarzyna , Dzieszko Piotr , Zwoliński Zbigniew , Ligmann-Zielińska Arika 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This work presents two different strategies of ABM for management of selected lakeland landscapes and their impact on sustainable development. Two different lakeland research areas as well as two different sets of agents and their decision rules were compared. In Strategy 1 decisions made by farmers and their influence on the land use/cover pattern as well as the indirect consequence of phosphorus and nitrogen delivery to the water bodies were investigated. In this strategy, a group of farmer agents is encouraged to participate in an agri-environmental program. The Strategy 2 combines the decisions of farmers, foresters and local authorities. The agents in the model share a common goal to produce a spatial plan. The land use/cover patterns arising from different attitudes and decision rules of the involved actors were investigated. As the basic spatial unit, the first strategy employed a landscape unit, i.e. lake catchment whereas the second strategy used an administrative unit, i.e. commune. Both strategies resulted in different land use/cover patterns and changes, which were evaluated in terms of sustainability policy. The main conclusion for Strategy 1 is that during 5 years of farmer’s participation in the agri-environmental program, there was significant decrease of nutrient leaching to the lake. The main conclusion for Strategy 2 should be stated that cooperating of the agents is better for the natural environment than the competitions between them. In both strategies, agents’ decisions influence the environment but different spatial units of analysis express this environment.
Clinical applicability of biologically effective dose calculation for spinal cord in fractionated spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Lee Seung Heon , Lee Kyu Chan , Choi Jinho , Ahn So Hyun , Lee Seok Ho , Sung Ki Hoon , Kil Se Hee 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to investigate whether biologically effective dose (BED) based on linearquadratic model can be used to estimate spinal cord tolerance dose in spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered in 4 or more fractions.
Patients and methods. Sixty-three metastatic spinal lesions in 47 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The most frequently prescribed dose was 36 Gy in 4 fractions. In planning, we tried to limit the maximum dose to the spinal cord or cauda equina less than 50% of prescription or 45 Gy2/2. BED was calculated using maximum point dose of spinal cord.
Results. Maximum spinal cord dose per fraction ranged from 2.6 to 6.0 Gy (median 4.3 Gy). Except 4 patients with 52.7, 56.4, 62.4, and 67.9 Gy2/2, equivalent total dose in 2-Gy fraction of the patients was not more than 50 Gy2/2 (12.1- 67.9, median 32.0). The ratio of maximum spinal cord dose to prescription dose increased up to 82.2% of prescription dose as epidural spinal cord compression grade increased. No patient developed grade 2 or higher radiationinduced spinal cord toxicity during follow-up period of 0.5 to 53.9 months.
Conclusions. In fractionated spine SBRT, BED can be used to estimate spinal cord tolerance dose, provided that the dose per fraction to the spinal cord is moderate, e.g. < 6.0 Gy. It appears that a maximum dose of up to 45-50 Gy2/2 to the spinal cord is tolerable in 4 or more fractionation regimen.
Why did Early Believers in Jesus Write Apocalypses?
Authors: Norelli Enrico 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere were different messianic expectations in Judaism at the time of Jesus and his disciples, but in all of them, to the best of our knowledge, the presence of the Messiah marked the end of the action of evil powers in the world. Such a statement represents what Umberto Eco called a semiotic judgement in a semiotic system. However, the fact that the first believers in Jesus were still exposed to a distress they understood as being caused by evil powers obliged them to formulate a factual judgement, predicating of a given content “semantic markers that have never been attributed to it by a previous code.”1 As the code provided the ground for stating that Jesus was the Messiah, it could not simply be dismissed, but had to be restructured through the integration of the factual judgement as a new semiotic judgement. Taking up and transforming the genre “apocalypse” allowed early believers in Jesus to effect that transformation, because it required a competent authority to establish a rule corresponding to the factual statement. In a Christian apocalypse, God or a heavenly Being authorized by God accomplishes such a performance, explaining that the distress of believers between Christ’s Resurrection and his Parousia fits a system built on the idea of God’s plan of salvation for humans. John’s Revelation discloses Christ’s heavenly identity and his power over history, showing that his suffering and death was a necessary step for his glorification and that the same path has to be trodden by his followers. The last part of the contribution illustrates two examples of the transformation of traditional apocalyptic motifs so that they may function in the system restructured through the central role attributed to Jesus.
Follicular thyroid carcinoma with NRAS Q61K and GNAS R201H mutations that had a good 131I treatment response
Authors: Lu Jin-Ying , Hung Po-Ju , Chen Pei-Lung , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Kuo Kuan-Ting , Yang Tsung-Lin , Wang Chih-Yuan , Chang Tien-Chun , Huang Tien-Shang , Chang Ching-Chung 
Published: January 2016

Summary
We report a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma with concomitant NRAS p.Q61K and GNAS p.R201H mutations, which manifested as a 13.5 cm thyroid mass with lung, humerus and T9 spine metastases, and exhibited good response to radioactive iodine treatment.

Learning points

GNAS p.R201H somatic mutation is an activating or gain-of-function mutation resulting in constitutively activated Gs-alpha protein and downstream cAMP cascade, independent of TSH signaling, causing autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.

NRAS p.Q61K mutations with GNAS p.R201H mutations are known for a good radioactive iodine treatment response.

Further exploration of the GNAS-activating pathway may provide therapeutic insights into the treatment of metastatic follicular carcinoma.
Adaptation to acute coronary syndrome-induced stress with lowering of testosterone: a possible survival factor
Authors: Pesonen Erkki , Pussinen Pirkko , Huhtaniemi Ilpo 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore whether circulating testosterone (T) concentration is associated with the occurrence and risk for acute coronary syndromes (ACS).MethodThis case–control study included male patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=174) or unstable angina pectoris (UAP) (n=90) and healthy controls (n=238). Patients gave serum samples during the acute (n=264) and recovery (n=132) phases after a median of 10.5 months after the incident event. Secondary events (ACS or cardiovascular death) were registered during the following 6 years.ResultsDuring the acute phase, AMI and UAP patients had similar significantly reduced concentrations of serum testosterone in comparison to controls. Testosterone associated inversely with weight, the degree of inflammation (i.e. C-reactive protein concentration) and signs of a chronic infection. In a multiadjusted Cox regression, when compared to testosterone concentrations considered high-normal (14.91–34.0 nmol/l), low-normal testosterone (9.26–14.90 nmol/l) in the acute phase predicted better prognosis for cardiovascular death rate with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.17 (0.04–0.68, P=0.012). The increased testosterone concentrations after the recovery period did not associate with future cardiovascular disease events.ConclusionLow-normal testosterone levels in the acute phase of ACS predicted better survival. The observation may indicate better adaptation to stress in survivors and warrants further study.
Low testosterone levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction in oophorectomized early postmenopausal women
Authors: Rech Ciciliana Maíla Zilio , Clapauch Ruth , de Souza Maria das Graças Coelho , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe actual consequences of low testosterone levels in women remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess endogenous testosterone influence on body composition, vascular and metabolic function in recent postmenopausal women.DesignWe studied 81 postmenopausal women under transdermal estradiol (E2) replacement therapy, 36 with bilateral oophorectomy (group O), and 45 controls (group C) through venous occlusion plethysmography, bioimpedance, DEXA, biochemical, hormonal, and inflammatory profile.ResultsTotal testosterone level (TT) in group O was 11.0 (4.0–17.75) vs 23.0 (10.0–42.5) ng/dl in group C (P=0.001). Forearm blood flow, in ml/min/100 ml tissue, was lower in group O compared to group C at baseline (1.57 (1.05–2.47) vs 2.19 (1.59–2.66)P=0.036), following reactive hyperemia response (endothelium-dependent flow mediated dilatation, 3.44 (2.38–4.35) vs 4.3 (3.09–5.52),P=0.031) and following nitroglycerin (endothelium-independent dilation, 1.39 (0.99–1.7) vs 1.76 (1.15–2.0),P=0.025), with a positive correlation between TT and all parameters except for the reactive hyperemia response (r=0.233–0.312,P=0.036–0.004). The sVCAM1 levels were negatively correlated with TT (r=–0.320,P=0.005). E2and other hormone levels, biochemical parameters and body composition did not differ between groups. Multiple linear regressions showed that the levels of TT, compared with other confounding variables, may explain the variation observed on endothelial parameters, with low explanatory power.ConclusionThe absence of ovarian testosterone production in recent postmenopausal oophorectomized women was associated with deleterious effects on endothelial function.
Quality of life, clinical outcomes and safety of early prophylactic levothyroxine administration in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism undergoing radioiodine therapy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Taïeb David , Bournaud Claire , Eberle Marie-Claude , Catargi Bogdan , Schvartz Claire , Cavarec Marie-Béatrice , Faugeron Isabelle , Toubert Marie-Elisabeth , Benisvy Danielle , Archange Cendrine , Mundler Olivier , Caron Philippe , Abdullah Ahmad Esmaeel , Baumstarck Karine 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveWhile radioiodine therapy is commonly used for treating Graves' disease, a prolonged and clinical hypothyroidism may result in disabling symptoms leading to deterioration of quality of life (QoL) of patients. Introducing levothyroxine (LT4) treatment in the early post-therapeutic period may be an interesting approach to limit this phenomenon.MethodsA multicenter, prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial enrolled 94 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=46) (group A: early prophylactic LT4treatment) or the control group (n=48) (group B: standard follow-up). The primary endpoint was the 6-month QoL. The secondary endpoints were other QoL scores such as Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) outcomes, thyroid function tests and safety.ResultsThe primary endpoint at 6 months was achieved: the mental composite score (MCS) of Short Form 36 (SF-36) was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (P=0.009). Four other dimension scores of the SF-36 and four dimension scores of the thyroid-specific patient-reported outcome (ThyPRO) significantly differed between the two groups, indicating better QoL in group A. After adjustment for variables, the early LT4administration strategy was found as an independent factor for only two scores of SF-36: the MCS and the general health (GH) score. There were no differences in GO, final thyroid status and changes in the anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) levels between the two groups. No adverse cardiovascular event was reported.ConclusionEarly LT4administration post-radioactive iodine (RAI) could represent a safe potential benefit for patients with regard to QoL. The optimal strategy taking into account administered RAI activities and LT4treatment dosage and timing remains to be determined.
FLAGS: A Flexible and Adaptive Association Test for Gene Sets Using Summary Statistics
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Wang Kai , Wei Peng , Liu Xiangtao , Liu Xiaoming , Tan Kai , Boerwinkle Eric , Potash James B , Han Shizhong 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used for identifying common variants associated with complex diseases. Despite remarkable success in uncovering many risk variants and providing novel insights into disease biology, genetic variants identified to date fail to explain the vast majority of the heritability for most complex diseases. One explanation is that there are still a large number of common variants that remain to be discovered, but their effect sizes are generally too small to be detected individually. Accordingly, gene set analysis of GWAS, which examines a group of functionally related genes, has been proposed as a complementary approach to single-marker analysis. Here, we propose a flexible and adaptive test for gene sets (FLAGS), using summary statistics. Extensive simulations showed that this method has an appropriate type I error rate and outperforms existing methods with increased power. As a proof of principle, through real data analyses of Crohn’s disease GWAS data and bipolar disorder GWAS meta-analysis results, we demonstrated the superior performance of FLAGS over several state-of-the-art association tests for gene sets. Our method allows for the more powerful application of gene set analysis to complex diseases, which will have broad use given that GWAS summary results are increasingly publicly available.
Perencanaan Kota Secara Komprehensif Berbasis Hukum Integratif Menuju Pembangunan Kota Berkelanjutan (Comprehensive Urban Planning Based On Integrative Law Towards Sustainable Urban Development)
Authors: Nazarudin Teuku 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Comprehensive Urban Planning Based on Law Integrative Towards Sustainable Urban Development. This study is aimed to analyze the dynamics of sustainable urban development and comprehensive urban planning based on integrative law. Using a qualitative approach to the normative juridical method. The analysis showed that the dynamics of sustainable urban development not only implies ecological sustainability or biophysical, but also the sustainability of socio-cultural and economic sustainability. A comprehensive urban planning based on integrative meaningful spatial law as an interdisciplinary science is the mindset that is comprehensive and integrated. Implementation of integrative law to a sustainable city spatial plan guarantees that every citizen has access to freedom in activity, the equality and rights among themselves. Abstrak: Perencanaan Kota Secara Komprehensif Berbasis Hukum Integratif Menuju Pembangunan Kota Berkelanjutan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika pembangunan kota berkelanjutan dan perencanaan kota secara komprehensif berbasis hukum integratif. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dinamika pembangunan kota berkelanjutan tidak sekedar mengandung pengertian keberlanjutan ekologis atau biofisik semata-mata, melainkan juga keberlanjutan sosio-kultural dan keberlanjutan ekonomis. Perencanaan kota secara komprehensif berbasis hukum integratif bermakna tata ruang sebagai ilmu interdisiplin adalah pola pikir yang bersifat menyeluruh (comprehensive) dan terpadu (integrated). Penerapan hukum integratif terhadap suatu rencana tata ruang kota berkelanjutan menjamin bahwa setiap warga kota memiliki akses terhadap kebebasannya dalam beraktifitas, adanya persamaan derajat dan hak di antara sesamanya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i2.2315
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Bentuk Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang Merugikan Keuangan Negara Terutama Terkait Dengan Pasal 2 Ayat (1) UU PTPK)
Authors: Saputra Roni 
Published: January 2016

Abstrak: Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Di Indonesia, korupsi diterima secara luas sebagai penyakit yang sudah mewabah, bahkan ada yang menganggap telah menjadi budaya masyarakat. Korupsi di Indonesia dewasa ini sudah bersifat sistemik dan endemik sehingga tidak saja merugikan keuangan negara dan perekonomian negara tetapi juga telah melanggar hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat luas. Korupsi di Indonesia sudah merembes masuk ke segala aspek kehidupan, ke semua sektor, ke segala tingkatan, baik di pusat maupun di daerah. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i2.2318
Pengaturan Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air di Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Hamidah Upik 
Published: January 2016

Abstrak: Pengaturan Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air di Kota Bandar Lampung. Pasal 33 Ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia (UUDNRI) Tahun 1945 sebagai dasar konstitusi pengelolaan sumber daya alam menyatatan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya alam termasuk air di dalamnya harus ditujukan untuk sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat. Akan tetapi dalam prakteknya, tujuan pengelolaan air untuk kemakmuran rakyat masih menghadapi berbagai kendala yang membuat tidak semua masyarakat dapat terpenuhi kebutuhan akan air baik di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan. Oleh karena itu perlu dikaji dalam suatu penelitian mengenai bagaimana kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan air dan bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah daerah Kota Bandar Lampung dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di daerah. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i2.2322
KONFLIK DAN RESOLUSI
Authors: Sudarnoto Wisnu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Conflict and Resolution. Conflict is a result of interaction between two parties. Conflict is perceived as negative element because it can create incovenients to the parties involved and three parties as well. However, it exist the benefits of conflict since it can lead an improvement. Conflict which naturally produce bad effect can function positively as to strengthen solidarity within the group and to stimulate the members of society in giving their contribution and open the communication between the members of the group.Key Words: conflicts, social interaction and dialectical process Abstrak: Konflik dan Resolusi. Konflik merupakan sebuah konsekuensi logis dari sebuah interaksi di antara dua pihak. Dalam kehidupan sosial manusia di mana saja dan kapan saja, tidak pernah lepas dari suatu konflik. Konflik sering dianggap negatif karena merugikan semua pihak baik yang bertikai maupun pihak di sekelilingnya. Tetapi konflik juga memiliki ruh atau spirit untuk melakukan perubahan yang lebih baik, karena kehidupan adalah proses dialektis. Konflik yang sejatinya berimplikasi buruk dapat berfungsi positif seperti diantaranya dapat memperkuat solidaritas kelompok yang agak longgar, dapat menyebabkan anggota masyarakat yang terisolasi menjadi turut berperan aktif, selain dapat dijadikan sebagai fungsi komunikasi antar anggota kelompok.Kata Kunci: Konflik, interaksi sosial, dan proses dialektis DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2236
MELACAK DINAMIKA SIPIL-MILITER PASCA REVOLUSI MESIR
Authors: Rofiq Atep A 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Tracking Civil-Military Dynamics after Egypt Revolution. Military revolution following Assisi’s administration shows that democratization process in Egypt and Middle East Countries has not been so easy. Military infiltration has taken in place since 60 years ago. Thus, causing the difficulty to decrease its influence in Egypt. The Movement of Civil supremacy lead by the Mass Organization so called “Ikhwanul Muslimin” and the others opposition has not yet succeeded. This situation proved that Arab Spring has failed and the democratization in Middle EastKey Words: Military leadership, Egyptian Revolution and Arab Spring Abstrak: Melacak Dinamika Sipil-Militer Pasca Revolusi Mesir. Revolusi Militer Kepemimpinan El-Sisi pasca Mesir memperkuat paradigma umum bahwa demokratisasi Mesir dan negara-negara Timur Tengah lainnya tidaklah mudah. Infiltrasi Militer terjadi sejak 60 tahun membuat kepemimpinan Mesir berakar dan sulit untuk menghapus dalam kepemimpinan Mesir. Supremasi sipil diperjuangkan Ikhwanul Muslimin dan pihak oposisi lainnya masih memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama dengan momentum politik berdarah. Situasi ini semakin menunjukkan bahwa Arab Spring telah gagal dan jalan demokratisasi di Timur Tengah mengalami kebuntuan. Kata kunci: Kepemimpinan Militer, Revolusi Mesir, Arab Spring DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2244
Cranial Ultrasound as a First-Line Imaging Examination for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Rozovsky Katya , Udjus Kristin , Wilson Nagwa , Barrowman Nicholas James , Simanovsky Natalia , Miller Elka 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND:
Radiography, typically the first-line imaging study for diagnosis of craniosynostosis, exposes infants to ionizing radiation. We aimed to compare the accuracy of cranial ultrasound (CUS) with radiography for the diagnosis or exclusion of craniosynostosis.

METHODS:
Children aged 0 to 12 months who were assessed for craniosynostosis during 2011–2013 by using 4-view skull radiography and CUS of the sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, and metopic sutures were included in this prospective study. Institutional review board approval and parental informed consent were obtained. CUS and radiography were interpreted independently and blindly by 2 pediatric radiologists; conflicts were resolved in consensus. Sutures were characterized as closed, normal, or indeterminate. Correlation between CUS and radiography and interreader agreement were examined for each suture.

RESULTS:
A total of 126 children (82 boys, 64.5%) ages 8 to 343 days were included. All sutures were normal on CUS and radiography in 115 patients (93.7%); craniosynostosis of 1 suture was detected in 8 (6.3%, 5 sagittal, 2 metopic, 1 coronal). In 3 cases the metopic suture was closed (n = 2) or indeterminate on CUS (n = 1) but normally closed on radiography. CUS sensitivity was 100%, specificity 98% (95% confidence interval 94%–100%). Reader agreement was 100% for sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures (κ = 0.80); after consensus, disagreement remained on 3 metopic sutures.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this series, CUS could be safely used as a first-line imaging tool in the investigation of craniosynostosis, reducing the need for radiographs in young children. Additional assessment may be required for accurate assessment of the metopic suture.