bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up reveals high incidence of colorectal cancer in Indian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bopanna Sawan , Kedia Saurabh , Das Prasenjit , Dattagupta S , Sreenivas V , Mouli V Pratap , Dhingra Rajan , Pradhan Rajesh , Kumar N Suraj , Yadav Dawesh P , Makharia Govind , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAs the magnitude of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in India is low, magnitude of CRC in ulcerative colitis (UC) is also considered low. As a result, screening for CRC in UC although advocated may not be followed everywhere. We report our data of UC‐related CRC from a low‐incidence area of sporadic CRC.MethodsA total of 1012 patients with left‐sided colitis/pancolitis having more than one full‐length colonoscopy performed at least a year after the onset of symptoms were included in retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained case records. In addition, 136 patients with duration of disease >10 years underwent surveillance white‐light colonoscopy prospectively during the study period.ResultsA total of 1012 individuals were finally included (6542 person‐years of follow‐up, 68.5% males, disease duration: 6.4 ± 6.8 years). Twenty (1.97%) patients developed CRC. Two (10%) patients developed CRC during the first decade, 10/20 (50%) during the second and 8/20 (40%) after the second decade of disease. The cumulative risk of developing CRC was 1.5%, 7.2% and 23.6% in the first, second and third decade, respectively. Of 136 high‐risk UC cases, five (3.6%) had CRC on screening colonoscopy. Disease duration and increasing age of onset were associated with higher risk of CRC.ConclusionsCumulative risk of CRC in Indian UC patients is as high as 23.6% at 30 years. The risk of CRC increases with increasing age of onset and increasing duration of disease. A low risk of sporadic CRC does not confer a low risk of UC‐related CRC, and regular screening is warranted.
A mechanistic investigation of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with IV abuse of Opana ER
Authors: Hunt Ryan , Yalamanoglu Ayla , Tumlin James , Schiller Tal , Baek Jin Hyen , Wu Andrew , Fogo Agnes B. , Yang Haichun , Wong Edward , Miller Peter , Buehler Paul W. , Kimchi-Sarfaty Chava 
Published: November 2016

Key PointsThe inert ingredients in Opana ER tablets can elicit TMA in the setting of IV abuse and stems from the impact of HMW PEO.
The floating knee: a review on ipsilateral femoral and tibial fractures
Authors: Muñoz Vives Josep , Bel Jean-Christophe , Capel Agundez Arantxa , Chana Rodríguez Francisco , Palomo Traver José , Schultz-Larsen Morten , Tosounidis Theodoros 
Published: November 2016

In 1975, Blake and McBryde established the concept of ‘floating knee’ to describe ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia.1 This combination is much more than a bone lesion; the mechanism is usually a high-energy trauma in a patient with multiple injuries and a myriad of other lesions. After initial evaluation patients should be categorised, and only stable patients should undergo immediate reduction and internal fixation with the rest receiving external fixation. Definitive internal fixation of both bones yields the best results in almost all series. Nailing of both bones is the optimal fixation when both fractures (femoral and tibial) are extra-articular. Plates are the ‘standard of care’ in cases with articular fractures. A combination of implants are required by 40% of floating knees. Associated ligamentous and meniscal lesions are common, but may be irrelevant in the case of an intra-articular fracture which gives the worst prognosis for this type of lesion. Cite this article: Muñoz Vives K, Bel J-C, Capel Agundez A, Chana Rodríguez F, Palomo Traver J, Schultz-Larsen M, Tosounidis, T. The floating knee. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:375-382. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000042.
Use of Pharmacogenetic Information in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Friede Kevin , Li Josephine , Voora Deepak 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn 1964, Robert A. O'Reilly's research group identified members of a family who required remarkably high warfarin doses (up to 145 mg/day, 20 times the average dose) to achieve appropriate anticoagulation. Since this time, pharmacogenetics has become a mainstay of cardiovascular science, and genetic variants have been implicated in several fundamental classes of medications used in cardiovascular medicine.CONTENTIn this review, we discuss genetic variants that affect drug response to 3 classes of cardiovascular drugs: statins, platelet P2Y12 inhibitors, and anticoagulants. These genetic variations have pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects and have been shown to explain differences in drug response such as lipid lowering, prevention of cardiovascular disease, and prevention of stroke, as well as incidence of adverse events such as musculoskeletal side effects and bleeding. Several groups have begun to implement pharmacogenetics testing as part of routine clinical care with the goal of improving health outcomes. Such strategies identify both patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes and alternative strategies to mitigate this risk as well as patients with “normal” genotypes, who, armed with this information, may have increased confidence and adherence to prescribed medications. While much is known about the genetic variants that underlie these effects, translation of this knowledge into clinical practice has been hampered by difficulty in implementing cost-effective, point-of-care tools to improve physician decision-making as well as a lack of data, as of yet, demonstrating the efficacy of using genetic information to improve health.SUMMARYMany genetic variants that affect individual responses to drugs used in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment have been described. Further study of these variants is needed before successful implementation into clinical practice.
The social life in Turkey in the early republic era in the perspective of the New York Times<p>The New York Times’ın gözünden erken cumhuriyet döneminde Türkiye’de sosyal hayat
Authors: Şahin Mustafa 
Published: November 2016

This research aims to examine the reforms in social life in the early republican era in the perspective of the The New York Times (NYT) which is one of the most effective newspapers in the USA and the world. The research was made by way of analyzing documents is limited to 1923-1938; the NYT as a research source, and in the content of women rights, the development in education, the art, the transportation, and the clothing reform. The research has been prepared by scanning of the related period of NYT’s collection in the 1851-2015 years. In the newspaper, the articles about the social change of Turkey are generally newsworthy and the number of the writings as a comment about this subject is limited. Whatever the comments are related to Turkey, they were interest in Istanbul and its lifestyle. The themes of the research have been determined as women, education, art, transportation, and clothing. In the newspaper, the rational distribution of news and comments related to the period are as follows: women reform in Turkey is 30%, educational reform is 25%, art reform is 20%, recovery of transportation system is 13% and clothing reform is 12%. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, erken cumhuriyet döneminin sosyal hayatındaki reformlarını Amerika’nın ve dünyanın en etkili gazetelerinden biri olan The New York Times (NYT) perspektifinden ele almaktır. Doküman inceleme yoluyla yapılan araştırma dönem olarak 1923-1938 tarihleriyle; kapsam olarak, kadın hakları, eğitimdeki gelişmeler, sanata yaklaşım, ulaşım ve kıyafet reformu; araştırma kaynağı olarak da NYT gazetesiyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırma NYT’nin 1851-2015 yıllarındaki koleksiyonunun ilgili döneminin taranmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Gazetede Türkiye’deki sosyal değişime ilişkin yazılar genellikle haber niteliklidir ve bu konuda yorum tarzındaki yazı sayısı sınırlıdır. Yapılan yorumlar her ne kadar Türkiye ile ilgili gibi görünse de ağırlıklı olarak İstanbul ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın temaları kadın, eğitim, sanat, ulaşım ve kıyafet olarak belirlenmiştir. Gazetede dönemle ilgili haber ve yorumların oransal dağılımı şöyledir: Türkiye’de kadın reformu % 30, eğitim reform % 25, sanat reform % 20, ulaşım sisteminin iyileştirilmesi % 13, kıyafet reform % 12.
Auctioning Emission Permits with Market Power
Authors: Alvarez Francisco , André Francisco J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We analyze emission permit auctions in a framework in which a dominant firm enjoys market power both in the auction and in the secondary market while its competitor behaves in a competitive way. We obtain linear equilibrium bidding strategies for both firms and a unique equilibrium of the auction, which is optimal ex-post for the dominant firm. Under specific distributional assumptions we conclude that the auction always awards less permits to the dominant firm than the cost-effective amount. Our results serve as a warning about the properties of auctioning under market power. Under interior solution the auction allocation is dominated by grandfathering in terms of aggregated cost with probability one. As a policy implication, the specific design of the auction turns out to be crucial for cost-effectiveness. The chances of the auction to outperform grandfathering require that the former is capable of diluting the market power that is present in the secondary market.
Analysis of voluntary opening Ottobock Hook and Hosmer Hook for upper limb prosthetics: a preliminary study
Authors: Hashim Nur Afiqah , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar bin , Gholizadeh Hossein , Osman Noor Azuan Abu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere are a number of prosthetic terminal devices which offer functional restoration to individuals with upper limb deficiencies. Hosmer and Ottobock are major commercial hook providers for prosthetic terminal devices. The concern of this paper is to analyse the voluntary opening (VO) Ottobock model 10A18 and Hosmer model 99P hooks (one band) during opening operation and to find out favourable features in the design. Two tests were conducted to analyse the performance of both hooks. The first test used a simple bench tool to investigate cable excursion and hook opening angle and the second test used force sensor to find out the force supplied at a different hook opening angle. The study found that the average cable excursion for both hooks is approximately 30% less than the hook’s opening span with the force at the hook’s tip section being inversely proportional to the force at the lateral section. Ottobock 10A18 has a better control for grasping larger objects, while Hosmer 99P has the highest average force at the tip section but yet less efficient in generating adequate force for activities of daily living. Favourable features identified are low cable excursion per hook opening span and balance lateral to hook tip pinch force.
The Himalayan gold masks from the Eurasian perspective
Authors: Tong Tao , Li Linhui 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
To date, five gold masks have been found in the middle and western Himalayan region, from the Chuvthag Cemetery in Zanda County and the Gurugyam Cemetery in Gar County in Tibet, China, the Samdzong Cemetery in Mustang, Nepal and the Malari Cemetery in Uttar Pradesh, India. The dates of these gold masks are all around the 1st–2nd centuries CE; they are different in size but all made with the repoussé technique and sewn to textiles. Most of the facial features of the masks are of the Mongoloid race. This burial custom has deep root in the Eurasian Continent; the funeral masks in different areas might have independent origins and developing paths, but mutual influence and exchange among neighboring areas are also apparent.
On the archaeological culture and related issues
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Archaeological culture is a fundamental concept of archaeology, and an essential subject of theoretical thinking. In China, the study of cultures has been a central subject of archaeological research, especially that of the Neolithic Age and the Xia-Shang-Zhou Period. Since the 1980s, however, cultural sequence has been established in most regions of China, and all sorts of scientific techniques and archaeological theories have been extensively employed in archaeology; should we continue to take archaeological cultures as a central subject of research? If yes, how can we carry on the research in line with the new developments? Such questions must be addressed from both the theoretical and practical perspectives. Based on personal observation of Chinese archaeology, the author would present new thoughts on the concept of culture and related issues.
A study on the Neolithic turquoises in China
Authors: Pang Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The turquoise objects of the Neolithic Age in China are mainly unearthed in the seven regions: the Central Plains, the Haidai cultural zone, the Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia region, the Northern Frontier Zone, the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the lower reach of the Yangtze River and the South China. Their main functions are ornaments and burial objects, and their distribution was expanding constantly from the early to the late Neolithic Age: in the early period, they were only seen in the Central Plains and the Northern Frontier Zone; down to the late period, they were found in all of the seven regions. The forms and types of the turquoise objects were changing from simple to complex and from single object to parts and adornments inlayed or attached to other objects. At the beginning, the manufacturing techniques were relatively simple, but the engraving skill appeared. The turquoise objects were mainly unearthed from burials; when they just emerged, they were not the symbols of the statuses, positions and the wealth as well as genders and ages of the tomb occupants. However, during the Longshan Age, in some regions the turquoise was attached to some exquisite utensils or implements which might be used as ritual instruments, and began to become symbols of statuses and ranks, which was the most obvious in the Haidai area. As for the resources of the turquoise, it is still to be explored that they were imported from the peripheral area of present-day China or obtained locally.
On the development of Buddhist sculpture in Ye City and the “Ye City Style” reflected by the Bei Wuzhuang hoard
Authors: He Liqun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Ye City was the important Buddhist cultural center of the Central Plains and North China since the 6th century CE. Since the 1950s, rather large amounts of Buddhist sculptures have been unearthed within the scope of the Ye City Site, of which the hoard at Bei Wuzhuang found in January 2012 was the most noticeable. Through the analyses to the materials, motifs, assemblages and sculpturing characteristics of some typical samples from this hoard, the Buddhist sculptures during the Northern Dynasties in the Ye City area could be divided into four phases, which are the mid through late Northern Wei Dynasty, the end of the Northern Wei through the early Eastern Wei Dynasties, the late Eastern Wei through the early Northern Qi Dynasties and the mid through late Northern Qi Dynasty. Moreover, referring to the given historic background, the derivation of the Buddhist thoughts and the cultural communication between China and the West at that time, this paper points out that the so-called dragon-tree-shaped back screen statues popular in the mid through late Northern Qi Dynasty was a brand-new sculpture type integrated the technical tradition and composition characteristics of the white marble sculpture in the Wuding Era of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Gupta sculpture style newly introduced in; the creation and diffusion of this sculpture type were tightly related to the Xianbeization and Western Barbarianization policies applied by the imperial court after the founding of the Northern Qi Dynasty and the reform of monastic restrictions managed by Fashang, the Buddhist comptroller-in-chief of the empire from Zhaoxuan Monastery.
Acute onset of blindness associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a HELLP syndrome case report
Authors: Orgul Gokcen , Uckan Hasan , Aktoz Fatih , Deren Ozgur 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon disorder. PRES presents with clinical findings such as headache, seizures, visual disturbances, and altered consciousness. Here, we present a PRES case in the second trimester of pregnancy with intrauterine fetal demise. A 40-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 3, was diagnosed with HELLP syndrome based on the clinical and laboratorial findings. An emergent caesarean section was performed under magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) treatment. She had suffered vision loss with normal fundoscopic findings at postpartum period. All the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of PRES. Careful observation of the clinical findings and prompt treatment is necessary for pregnancies complicated by PRES to prevent undesirable outcomes.
A Perspective: Could Carbon Current Collectors Improve the Energy Density of Aqueous Alkaline Symmetric Supercapacitors?
Authors: Avireddy Hemesh , Morante Joan Ramon , Flox Cristina 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The present discussion shows a perspective about using graphite as a current collector in order to achieve high energy density in a symmetric supercapacitor system. Several electrochemical modes (such as rest potential analysis, CV, PEIS, GCPL) were carried out to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of graphite in aqueous 6 mol/L KOH. And, the resulting performance was compared to an another conventional current collector system based on nickel-stainless steel. Interestingly, widening of cell voltage was observed for graphite when compared to nickel-stainless steel. The discussion reveals the reasonable influences and validations of widening in cell voltage towards the values in energy densities. This perspective also highlights some issues related to carbon (graphite) current collectors and encloses with some promising strategies in overcoming these issues, not limiting the domain of application (either micro or macro supercapacitor devices).
Loss on Non-Deliverable Currency Options or Forward Contracts in Corporate Income Tax and the Notion of Expense Related to Acquisition of a Derivative
Authors: Karczyński Łukasz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Due to financial crisis many entrepreneurs suffered heavy losses on currency options and forward contracts. Tax authorities tend to disallow deduction of those losses from the taxable income. Many cases ended up in administrative courts, resulting in judicature controversies on the issue in question. This paper is the second of four in a cycle. The aim of the whole cycle will be to analyze deeply these controversies and suggest the proper interpretation of the legal provisions, determining whether losses on currency options and forward contracts should or should not be regarded as tax-deductible expenses. The aim of this paper is to determine if the aforementioned losses may be regarded as expenses related to acquisition of these derivatives (excluded from tax-deductible expenses). The conducted analysis suggests that the expenses made to pay the losses cannot be regarded as such expenses, so they should be regarded as tax-deductible expenses if there are no other obstacles.
Player transfer agreements of sports clubs – selected legal and tax issues on income tax for legal persons
Authors: Kanka Kacper 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The transfer-window, defined as the period when it is possible to make transactions called „transfer agreements” continues throughout the year and includes the whole range of sports, not only connected with football. The aim of this article is to describe consequences of the conclusion and execution of the transfer agreement on the ground of corporate income tax law. Tax analysis was preceded by a legal analysis, which is intended to demonstrate the essential elements of the transfer agreement and, above all, its subject matter.
Several remarks on banks as institutions of public confidence
Authors: Mikliński Maciej 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The submitted article contains reflections on features of public confidence institution and is an attempt to debate the issue of the bank as a public confidence institution. The legal aspects of the term – public confidence institution – are considered as well as its features focusing on confidence as a base. On this background some of the features, which entitle the bank to become the public confidence institution, are discussed. The circumstances leading to the loss of the feature of the public confidence institution are also debated.
Control of bone and fat mass by oxytocin
Authors: Amri Ez-Zoubir , Pisani Didier F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Osteoporosis and overweight/obesity constitute major worldwide public health burdens. Aging is associated with a decrease in hormonal secretion, lean mass and bone mass, and an increase in fat accumulation. It is established that both obesity and osteoporosis are affected by genetic and environmental factors, bone remodeling and adiposity are both regulated through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Oxytocin (OT), belongs to the pituitary hormone family and regulates the function of peripheral target organs, its circulating levels decreased with age. Nowadays, it is well established that OT plays an important role in the control of bone and fat mass and their metabolism. Of note, OT and oxytocin receptor knock out mice develop bone defects and late-onset obesity. Thus OT emerges as a promising molecule in the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss findings regarding the OT effects on bone and fat mass.
The novel class of seven transmembrane segment inverted repeat carriers
Authors: Chang Yung-Ning , Geertsma Eric R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Solute carriers from the SLC4, SLC23, and SLC26 families are involved in pH regulation, vitamin C transport and ion homeostasis. While these families do not share any obvious sequence relationship, they are united by their unique and novel architecture. Each member of this structural class is organized into two structurally related halves of seven transmembrane segments each. These halves span the membrane with opposite orientations and form an intricately intertwined structure of two inverted repeats. This review highlights the general design principles of this fold and reveals the diversity between the different families. We discuss their domain architecture, structural framework and transport mode and detail an initial transport mechanism for this fold inferred from the recently solved structures of different members.
Characterization of the subcellular localization and nuclear import molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 UL2
Authors: Cai Mingsheng , Huang Zebin , Liao Zongmin , Chen Tao , Wang Ping , Jiang Si , Chen Daixiong , Peng Tao , Bian Yun , Hong Gengde , Yang Hang , Zeng Zhancheng , Li Xiaowei , Li Meili 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay, UL2 tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in live cells and showed a completely nuclear accumulation without the presence of other HSV-1 proteins. Moreover, the nuclear transport of UL2 was characterized to be assisted by multiple transport pathways through Ran-, importin α1-, α5-, α7-, β1- and transportin-1 cellular transport receptors. Consequently, these results will improve understanding of UL2-mediated biological functions in HSV-1 infection cycles.