bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Helicobacter pylori infection among symptomatic children in Hangzhou from 2007 to 2014: a retrospective study with 12,796 cases
Authors: Shu Xiaoli , Ping Mingfang , Yin Guofeng , Jiang Mizu 
Published: January 2017

Background and Aim
The infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is acquired in childhood and the prevalence vary greatly in different countries and regions. The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of H. pylori infection among children with gastrointestinal symptoms in Hangzhou, a representative city of eastern China.

Methods
A systematic surveillance of H. pylori infection according to the 13C-urea breath test was conducted from January 2007 to December 2014 in the Children’s hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The demographic information and main symptoms of every subject were recorded.

Results
A total of 12,796 subjects were recruited and 18.6% children evaluated as H. pylori positive. The annual positive rates decreased from 2007 to 2014 (χ2 = 20.461, p < 0.01). The positive rates were 14.8%, 20.2% and 25.8% in 3–6, 7–11 and 12–17 years age group respectively, which increased with age (χ2 = 116.002, p < 0.01). And it was significantly higher in boys than girls (χ2 = 15.090, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression identified possible risk factors for H. pylori infection. Age, gender, gastrointestinal symptoms and history of H. pylori infected family member were all significantly associated with H. pylori infection (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
H. pylori infection rates in children with gastrointestinal symptoms were lower than most of those reported in mainland China. Further studies are required to determine the prevalence in the general population. Comprehensively understanding of the characteristics and the possible risk factors of H. pylori infection will be helpful to its management strategies in children in China.
Catchments catch all in South African coastal lowlands: topography and palaeoclimate restricted gene flow inNymania capensis(Meliaceae)—a multilocus phylogeographic and distribution modelling approach
Authors: Potts Alastair J. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThis study investigates orbitally-forced range dynamics at a regional scale by exploring the evolutionary history ofNymania capensis(Meliaceae) across the deeply incised landscapes of the subescarpment coastal lowlands of South Africa; a region that is home to three biodiversity hotspots (Succulent Karoo, Fynbos, and Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany hotspots).MethodsA range of methods are used including: multilocus phylogeography (chloroplast and high- and low-copy nuclear DNA), molecular dating and species distribution modelling (SDM).ResultsThe results support an ‘evolutionarily distinct catchment’ hypothesis where: (1) different catchments contain genetically distinct lineages, (2) limited genetic structuring was detected within basins whilst high structuring was detected between basins, and (3) within primary catchment populations display a high degree of genealogical lineage sorting. In addition, the results support a glacial refugia hypothesis as: (a) the timing of chloroplast lineage diversification is restricted to the Pleistocene in a landscape that has been relatively unchanged since the late Pliocene, and (b) the projected LGM distribution of suitable climate forN. capensissuggest fragmentation into refugia that correspond to the current phylogeographic populations.DiscussionThis study highlights the interaction of topography and subtle Pleistocene climate variations as drivers limiting both seed and pollen flow along these lowlands. This lends support to the region’s large-scale conservation planning efforts, which used catchments as foundational units for conservation as these are likely to be evolutionarily significant units.
Atendimento ao paciente com queimadura em região estomatognática
Authors: Felzemburgh Victor Araujo , Nogueira Neto João Nunes , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores , Rosa Fabiana Paim 
Published: January 2017

<p>A queimadura é um grave problema de saúde pública com alta taxa de mortalidade e inabilidade descrita. Lesões que envolvem a região estomatognática podem provocar restrições funcionais severas com os tratamentos dessas lesões serem limitados a depender do nível de acometimento. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: avaliar pacientes vítimas de queimadura no aparelho estomatognático, complicações associadas, fatores etiológicos e necessidade do acompanhamento multidisciplinar. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: foi realizado um estudo descritivo observacional entre o período de outubro e novembro de 2015 em centro especializado de queimados na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. <strong>Resultados</strong>: De 117 pacientes avaliados 38,5% apresentaram algum tipo de queimadura na região estomatognática. Desses pacientes, notou-se prevalência do gênero feminino (51,1%), adultos (57,8%), queimaduras de segundo grau (94,9%) e provocados por fogo/chama (31,6%). <strong>Conclusão</strong>: queimaduras na região estomatognática são frequentes sendo necessário o acompanhamento multidisciplinar.</p><p> </p>
An index for drought induced financial risk in the mining industry
Authors: Bonnafous L. , Lall U. , Siegel J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWater scarcity has emerged as a potential risk for mining operations. High capital spending for desalination and water conflicts leading to asset stranding have recently occurred. Investors in mining companies are interested in the exposure to such risks across portfolios of mining assets (whether the practical at‐site consequences are foregone production, higher OPEX and CAPEX and ensuing lost revenues, or asset‐stranding). In this paper, an index of the potential financial exposure of a portfolio is developed and its application is illustrated. Since the likely loss at each mine is hard to estimate a priori, one needs a proxy for potential loss. The index considers drought duration, severity and frequency (defined by a return‐level in years) at each mining asset, and provides a measure of financial exposure through weighing of production or Net Asset Value. Changes in human needs are not considered, but are relevant, and could be incorporated if global data on mine and other water use were available at the appropriate resolution. Potential for contemporaneous drought incidence across sites in a portfolio is considered specifically. Through an appropriate choice of drought thresholds, an analyst can customize a scenario to assess potential losses in production value or profits, or whether conflicts could emerge that would lead to stranded assets or capital expenditure to secure alternate water supplies. Global climate data sets that allow a customized development of such an index are identified, and selected mining company portfolios are scored as to the risk associated with one publicly available drought index.
N2‐Substituted 2′‐Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate Derivatives as Selective Substrates for Human DNA Polymerase κ
Authors: Gowda A. S. Prakasha , Lee Marietta , Spratt Thomas E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractN2‐Alkyl‐2′‐deoxyguanosine triphosphate (N2‐alkyl‐dGTP) derivatives with methyl, butyl, benzyl, or 4‐ethynylbenzyl substituents were prepared and tested as substrates for human DNA polymerases. N2‐Benzyl‐dGTP was equal to dGTP as a substrate for DNA polymerase κ (pol κ), but was a poor substrate for pols β, δ, η, ι, or ν. In vivo reactivity was evaluated through incubation of N2‐4‐ethynylbenzyl‐dG with wild‐type and pol κ deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. CuAAC reaction with 5(6)‐FAM‐azide demonstrated that only cells containing pol κ were able to incorporate N2‐4‐ethynylbenzyl‐dG into the nucleus. This is the first instance of a Y‐family‐polymerase‐specific dNTP, and this method could be used to probe the activity of pol κ in vivo.
Direct Detection of a Chemical Equilibrium between a Localized Singlet Diradical and Its σ‐Bonded Species by Time‐Resolved UV/Vis and IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshidomi Shohei , Mishima Megumi , Seyama Shin , Abe Manabu , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Ishibashi Taka‐aki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLocalized singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolyses. The singlet diradicals are energetically much less stable than the σ‐bonded species. In general, only one‐way reactions from diradicals to σ‐bonded species are observed. In this study, a thermal equilibrium between a singlet 1,2‐diazacyclopentane‐3,5‐diyl diradical and the corresponding σ‐bonded species was directly observed. The singlet diradical was more stable than the σ‐bonded species. The solvent effect clarified key features, such as the zwitterionic character of the singlet diradical. The effect of the nitrogen atoms is discussed in detail.
Bi2WO6 Nanosheets Decorated with Au Nanorods for Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photocatalytic Properties Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Effects and Wide‐Range Near‐Infrared Light Harvesting
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Tian Jian , Xue Yanjun , Li Yujie , Cui Hongzhi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecently, near‐infrared light (NIR) photocatalysts, such as up‐converting materials, Bi2WO6, Cu2(OH)PO4, and carbon quantum dots, have been found and are attracting attention for environmental cleaning and energy conversion, because NIR light constitutes nearly half of the energy output. However, the photocatalytic efficiency is low for these new types of NIR photocatalysts, which has limited their widespread application owing to their insufficient NIR‐light absorption. In this work, we use gold (Au) nanorods to enhance the NIR‐light absorption of Bi2WO6, a typical visible and novel NIR‐light photocatalyst, thus the enhancement of its NIR‐light photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties are achieved. This can be attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects and wide‐range NIR light harvesting of the Au nanorods. The present work provides key guidelines for the improvement of NIR‐light photocatalysts and could also help design and prepare novel photocatalysts.
DNA Detection by Flow Cytometry using PNA‐Modified Metal–Organic Framework Particles
Authors: Mejia‐Ariza Raquel , Rosselli Jessica , Breukers Christian , Manicardi Alex , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. , Corradini Roberto , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA DNA‐sensing platform is developed by exploiting the easy surface functionalization of metal–organic framework (MOF) particles and their highly parallelized fluorescence detection by flow cytometry. Two strategies were employed to functionalize the surface of MIL‐88A, using either covalent or non‐covalent interactions, resulting in alkyne‐modified and biotin‐modified MIL‐88A, respectively. Covalent surface coupling of an azide‐dye and the alkyne–MIL‐88A was achieved by means of a click reaction. Non‐covalent streptavidin–biotin interactions were employed to link biotin–PNA to biotin–MIL‐88A particles mediated by streptavidin. Characterization by confocal imaging and flow cytometry demonstrated that DNA can be bound selectively to the MOF surface. Flow cytometry provided quantitative data of the interaction with DNA. Making use of the large numbers of particles that can be simultaneously processed by flow cytometry, this MOF platform was able to discriminate between fully complementary, single‐base mismatched, and randomized DNA targets.
Retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Authors: Coimbra João Paulo , Bertelsen Mads F. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), one of the closest extant relatives to cetaceans, is a large African even‐toed ungulate (Artiodactyla) that grazes and has a semiaquatic lifestyle. Given its unusual phenotype, ecology, and evolutionary history, we sought to measure the topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cell density using stereology and retinal wholemounts. We estimated a total of 243,000 ganglion cells of which 3.4% (8,300) comprise alpha cells. The topographic distribution of both total and alpha cells reveal a dual topographic organization of a temporal and nasal area embedded within a well‐defined horizontal streak. Using maximum density of total ganglion cells and eye size (35 mm, axial length), we estimated upper limits of spatial resolving power of 8 cycles/deg (temporal area, 1,800 cells/mm2), 7.7 cycles/deg (nasal area, 1,700 cells/mm2), and 4.2 cycles/deg (horizontal streak, 250 cells/mm2). Enhanced resolution of the temporal area toward the frontal visual field may facilitate grazing, while resolution of the horizontal streak and nasal area may help the discrimination of objects (predators, conspecifics) in the lateral and posterior visual fields, respectively. Given the presumed role of alpha cells to detect brisk transient stimuli, their similar distribution to the total ganglion cell population may facilitate the detection of approaching objects in equivalent portions of the visual field. Our finding of a nasal area in the river hippopotamus retina supports the notion that this specialization may enhance visual sampling in the posterior visual field to compensate for limited neck mobility as suggested for rhinoceroses and cetaceans.
Performance of advanced color difference and CAM02‐based formulas in prediction of the Crispening effect for reflective samples
Authors: Karimipour Hamed , Gorji Kandi Saeideh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Crispening effect is defined as an increase in the perceived color difference of the two stimuli, when their color (chromaticity or luminance) is close to the background on which the two stimuli are compared. In this study, the amount of the Crispening effect for three achromatic backgrounds and also the performance of six different color difference formulas (CDFs) for prediction of this effect have been investigated, by preparing 85 sample pairs in 9 CIE's recommended color centers. Regarding the results, the maximum (50%) and the minimum (4%) amount of the Crispening effect belong to the gray and the purple centers, respectively. According to the results of a comparative test, the Crispening intensifies when two stimuli have just lightness difference instead of just chromaticity difference. The highest variation was for the gray samples, in which the amount of the Crispening effect increased from 35% to 65%. By using PF/3 and STRESS index, it is also concluded that CMC and CIEDE2000 perform better than CAM02‐SCD and CAM02‐UCS in prediction of the Crispening effect on the dark gray and gray backgrounds. According to the results, the significant differences between the performances of the CDFs disappear when the luminance of the background increases. Huang's power functions also do not improve these results significantly. Furthermore, the results indicate that the traditional L* equation used in CIELAB performs similar to the Whittle's formula in prediction of the Crispening effect for reflective samples, and no significant difference was obtained.
Results of a strategic science study to inform policies targeting extreme thinness standards in the fashion industry
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Ziff Sara , Lowy Alice S. , Yu Kimberly , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe appearance pressures experienced by fashion models have been criticized as harmful to their health, as well as increasing eating disorder risk among youth by promoting ideals of extreme thinness. Given recent legislation to protect models, we undertook a strategic science study to assess professional fashion models’ perceptions of the potential impact and feasibility of seven policy proposals. A sample of 85 female fashion models, mean age = 22.7 years (SD 3.7) completed an online survey assessing unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB), perceived pressure from agencies to lose weight, as well as the perceived impact and feasibility of seven potential policy actions. Chi‐squared analyses and multivariable logistic regressions compared UWCB among models who were asked to lose weight and those who were not. Friedman and Kendall's W tests were conducted to examine differences in impact and feasibility ratings across the seven policy proposals. Models reported high levels of pressure to lose weight, which was associated with higher odds of engaging in UWCB. The policy approaches rated as most impactful were those to increase worker protections, though they were rated as only moderately feasible. Requiring employers to provide food and a 30‐min break for jobs longer than 6 h was rated as both impactful and feasible. Imposing restrictions on minimum BMI was rated as the least impactful. Approaches providing employment protections and healthier working conditions are most supported by professional models. These findings help to illuminate viable policy approaches from the perspective of key stakeholders.
Intravenously Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Engraft Within Brain Capillaries, Preserve Mitochondrial Morphology, and Display Pinocytotic Activity Toward Blood-Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke Rats
Authors: Garbuzova-Davis Svitlana , Haller Edward , Lin Roger , Borlongan Cesario V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental stroke treatment. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a key pathological manifestation of ischemic stroke, and barrier repair is an innovative target for neurorestoration in stroke. Here, we evaluated via electron microscopy the ability of transplanted human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (hBMEPCs) to repair the BBB in adult Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). β-galactosidase prelabeled hBMEPCs were intravenously transplanted 48 hours post-tMCAO. Ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in nontransplant stroke rats revealed typical BBB pathology. At 5 days post-transplantation with hBMEPCs, stroke rats displayed widespread vascular repair in bilateral striatum and motor cortex, characterized by robust cell engraftment within capillaries. hBMEPC transplanted stroke rats exhibited near normal morphology of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and astrocytes, without detectable perivascular edema. Near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in ECs and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted stroke rats. Equally notable, we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells. Robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hBMEPCs likely abrogated stroke-altered vasculature. Preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell-based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in BBB repair for stroke.
Concise Review: Emerging Drugs Targeting Epithelial Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Ahmed Mehreen , Chaudhari Kritika , Babaei-Jadidi Roya , Dekker Lodewijk V. , Shams Nateri Abdolrahman 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cell populations contain a small proportion of cells that display stem-like cell properties and which may be responsible for overall tumor maintenance. These cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) appear to have unique tumor-initiating ability and innate survival mechanisms that allow them to resist cancer therapies, consequently promoting relapses. Selective targeting of CSCs may provide therapeutic benefit and several recent reports have indicated this may be possible. In this article, we review drugs targeting CSCs, in selected epithelial cell-derived cancers.
Reprogramming Postnatal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Toward Functional Neural Crest Fates
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Kerosuo Laura , Tseropoulos Georgios , Cummings Kirstie A. , Wang Xiaoyan , Lei Pedro , Liu Biao , Liu Song , Popescu Gabriela K. , Bronner Marianne E. , Andreadis Stelios T. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
During development, neural crest (NC) cells are induced by signaling events at the neural plate border of all vertebrate embryos. Initially arising within the central nervous system, NC cells subsequently undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to migrate into the periphery, where they differentiate into diverse cell types. Here we provide evidence that postnatal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC), in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin like growth factor 1 signals, can be reprogrammed toward a NC fate. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses show that keratinocyte-derived NC cells are similar to those derived from human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, they give rise in vitro and in vivo to NC derivatives such as peripheral neurons, melanocytes, Schwann cells and mesenchymal cells (osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells). By demonstrating that human keratin-14+ KC can form NC cells, even from clones of single cells, our results have important implications in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Preventing Unplanned Perioperative Hypothermia in Children
Authors: Beedle Susan E. , Phillips Amy , Wiggins Shirley , Struwe Leeza 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnplanned perioperative hypothermia is a common surgical risk. Unplanned hypothermia is defined as a body temperature below 36° C (96.8° F) during any phase of the perioperative period. Perioperative nurses at a Midwestern tertiary pediatric hospital developed an evidence‐based clinical practice guideline (CPG) designed to maintain normothermia for the pediatric surgical population. This CPG outlined standard thermoregulation nursing interventions and required the consistent use of a temporal artery thermometer. A test of this CPG before full implementation established a baseline incidence of unplanned hypothermia at 16.3% (n = 80). The purpose of this study was to measure the rate of perioperative hypothermia in children after implementing the evidence‐based CPG. The study results demonstrated that the CPG, guiding research‐based nursing practice, consistently prevented unplanned hypothermia. The incidence rate of unplanned perioperative hypothermia after CPG implementation was 1.84% (n = 1,196).
The Patient and Family Perioperative Experience During Transfer of Care: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Stutzman Sonja E. , Olson DaiWai M. , Greilich Philip E. , Abdulkadir Kamal , Rubin Michael A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPatient transfers between the OR and intensive care unit are high‐risk events. Previous studies regarding mechanisms to improve these transfers do not account for the perspectives of family members or patients. Using transfer‐of‐care reports from health care providers, we performed a qualitative study of patient and family member perspectives by transcribing, coding, and analyzing seven interviews using hermeneutic cycling, which revealed three main themes: communication, clinical interaction, and clinician demeanor. Participants reported that anxiety about the plan of care and its outcomes eased when they had more frequent communication with members of the clinical team, observed the team interacting with one another, and felt the clinicians’ demeanors were confident. The results of this study showed that families perceived that clinicians who communicated the timing and frequency of protocols and procedures improved patient care. Clinician training on empathy, professionalism, and accessibility may increase patient and family satisfaction and decrease negative interactions between clinicians and patients and their family members.