bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrite Therapy Ameliorates Myocardial Dysfunction via H
2
S and Nuclear Factor‐Erythroid 2‐Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)‐Dependent Signaling in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Donnarumma Erminia , Bhushan Shashi , Bradley Jessica M. , Otsuka Hiroyuki , Donnelly Erinn L. , Lefer David J. , Islam Kazi N. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Bioavailability of nitric oxide (
NO
) and hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) is reduced in heart failure (
HF
). Recent studies suggest cross‐talk between
NO
and H
2
S signaling. We previously reported that sodium nitrite (Na
NO
2
) ameliorates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury and HF. Nuclear factor‐erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the antioxidant proteins expression and is upregulated by H
2
S. We examined the Na
NO
2
effects on endogenous H
2
S bioavailability and Nrf2 activation in mice subjected to ischemia‐induced chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods and Results

Mice underwent 60 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 4 weeks of reperfusion. Na
NO
2
(165 μg/kgic) or vehicle was administered at reperfusion and then in drinking water (100 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular (LV), ejection fraction (EF),
LV
end diastolic (
LVEDD
) and systolic dimensions (
LVESD
) were determined at baseline and at 4 weeks of reperfusion. Myocardial tissue was analyzed for oxidative stress and respective gene/protein‐related assays. We found that Na
NO
2
therapy preserved LVEF, LVEDD and LVSD at 4 weeks during ischemia‐induced HF. Myocardial malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content were significantly reduced in Na
NO
2
‐treated mice as compared to vehicle, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. Na
NO
2
therapy markedly increased expression of Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during 4 weeks of reperfusion. Furthermore, Na
NO
2
upregulated the activity of Nrf2, as well as H
2
S‐producing enzymes, and ultimately increased H
2
S bioavailability in ischemia‐induced CHF in mice as compared with vehicle.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that Na
NO
2
therapy significantly improves LV function via increasing H
2
S bioavailability, Nrf2 activation, and antioxidant defenses.
Multiple Past Concussions in High School Football Players
Authors: Brooks Brian L. , Mannix Rebekah , Maxwell Bruce , Zafonte Ross , Berkner Paul D. , Iverson Grant L. 
Published: July 2016

Background: There is increasing concern about the possible long-term effects of multiple concussions, particularly on the developing adolescent brain. Whether the effect of multiple concussions is detectable in high school football players has not been well studied, although the public health implications are great in this population. Purpose: To determine if there are measureable differences in cognitive functioning or symptom reporting in high school football players with a history of multiple concussions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Participants included 5232 male adolescent football players (mean [±SD] age, 15.5 ± 1.2 years) who completed baseline testing between 2009 and 2014. On the basis of injury history, athletes were grouped into 0 (n = 4183), 1 (n = 733), 2 (n = 216), 3 (n = 67), or ≥4 (n = 33) prior concussions. Cognitive functioning was measured by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery, and symptom ratings were obtained from the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups (based on the number of reported concussions) regarding cognitive functioning. Athletes with ≥3 prior concussions reported more symptoms than did athletes with 0 or 1 prior injury. In multivariate analyses, concussion history was independently related to symptom reporting but less so than developmental problems (eg, attention or learning problems) or other health problems (eg, past treatment for psychiatric problems, headaches, or migraines). Conclusion: In the largest study to date, high school football players with multiple past concussions performed the same on cognitive testing as those with no prior concussions. Concussion history was one of several factors that were independently related to symptom reporting.
One-Stage Cartilage Repair Using a Hyaluronic Acid–Based Scaffold With Activated Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Compared With Microfracture
Authors: Gobbi Alberto , Whyte Graeme P. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Articular cartilage injury is frequently encountered, yet treatment options capable of providing durable cartilage repair are limited. Purpose: To investigate the medium-term clinical outcomes of cartilage repair using a 1-stage technique of a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold with activated bone marrow aspirate concentrate (HA-BMAC) and compare results with those of microfracture. A secondary aim of this study was to identify specific patient demographic factors and cartilage lesion characteristics that are associated with superior outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Fifty physically active patients (mean age, 45 years) with grade IV cartilage injury of the knee (lesion size, 1.5-24 cm2) were treated with HA-BMAC or microfracture and were observed prospectively for 5 years. Patients were placed into the HA-BMAC group if the health insurance policy of the treating institution supported this option; otherwise, they were placed into the microfracture group. Objective and subjective clinical assessment tools were used preoperatively and at 2 and 5 years postoperatively to compare treatment outcomes. Results: Significant improvements in outcome scores were achieved in both treatment groups at 2 years ( P < .001). In the microfracture group, 64% were classified as normal or nearly normal according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective score at 2 years, compared with 100% of those treated with HA-BMAC ( P < .001). Normal or nearly normal objective assessments in the microfracture group declined significantly after 5 years to 28% of patients ( P = .004). All patients treated with HA-BMAC maintained improvement at 5 years according to Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC objective, and IKDC subjective scores. Tegner, IKDC objective, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) assessments demonstrated higher scores in the HA-BMAC treatment group compared with microfracture at 5 years. Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores were similar between treatment groups at 5 years. Poorer outcomes in the microfracture group were demonstrated in cases of lesions larger than 4 cm2 and nonsolitary lesions. Age greater than 45 years, large size of lesion, and treatment of multiple lesions were not associated with poorer outcome in patients treated with HA-BMAC. Conclusion: Repair of chondral injury using a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold with activated bone marrow aspirate concentrate provides better clinical outcomes and more durable cartilage repair at medium-term follow-up compared with microfracture. Positive short-term clinical outcomes can be achieved with either microfracture or HA-BMAC. Cartilage repair using HA-BMAC leads to successful medium-term outcomes independent of age or lesion size.
Incorporation of Hamstring Grafts Within the Tibial Tunnel After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Colombet Philippe , Graveleau Nicolas , Jambou Stephane 
Published: July 2016

Background: The success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires solid graft incorporation within the tunnels to enable graft remodeling. Resorbable interference screws (RIS) provide limited tendon-bone contact because much of the tunnel circumference is occupied by the screw itself, while adjustable suspensory fixation (ASF) systems provide larger contact zones, which favor ligamentization. Purpose: To evaluate ligamentization of a 4-strand semitendinosus (4ST) graft fixed with ASF compared with RIS within the tibial bone tunnel at 6 months postoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 121 consecutive patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using a single-bundle 4ST graft. The femoral end of the graft was fixed using suspensory fixation in all knees. The tibial end of the graft was fixed using ASF in 67 knees and RIS in 54 knees. Six months postoperatively, knee laxity measurements were taken, and MRI was performed to assess graft incorporation within the tibial tunnel. Results: At 6-month follow-up, MRI scans of 109 knees were available for analysis. The mean tibial tunnel enlargement in the ASF group was 2.3 ± 1.1 mm (range, 0.5-6.0 mm), while in the RIS group, it was 4.7 ± 2.8 mm (range, 0.5-19.0 mm) ( P < .001). The Howell graft signal assessment findings were excellent in 97% of knees in the ASF group and in 25% of knees in the RIS group ( P < .001). The mean signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) was 0.078 ± 0.62 in the ASF group and 0.671 ± 0.83 in the RIS group ( P < .001). Conclusion: ASF provides more favorable conditions than RIS for the incorporation and ligamentization of 4ST grafts within the tibial tunnel. The ASF system used showed very little tunnel widening, which suggests that it grants stabilization. The SNQ was also considerably better in the ASF group.
What Is the Association of Elite Sporting Activities With the Development of Hip Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Eftekhary Nima , Leunig Michael , Clohisy John C. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Male athletes participating in certain elite sporting activities may be at an increased risk for development of hip osteoarthritis (OA) later in life. However, the strength of the association of participation in sporting activities with the increased risk of hip OA has not been well summarized. Purpose: To investigate the association of certain high-impact sporting activities with the risk of development of hip OA in elite athletes by conducting a systematic review of the available literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify all potential studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, which included participation in elite-level sporting activities, greater than 50% male athletes in the study population, diagnosis of hip OA by radiograph, hospital admission or total hip arthroplasty (THA), and greater than 80% follow-up. Exclusion criteria were recreational sporting activities, primarily female cohorts as there was a dearth of available literature on the topic, and self-reported symptoms without radiographic confirmation of diagnosis. Most studies were with European athletes, where elite-level was defined as involvement in national- or professional-level competition. Results: Participation across elite-level impact sports was associated with increased risk of development of hip OA when compared with matched controls (odds ratio, 1.8-8.7). Twelve of 15 studies reviewed demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.8 or greater of developing hip OA in elite-level athletes. Handball was associated with the highest rate of OA of any sport, nearly 5 times that of matched controls. Soccer players demonstrated between 2 and 9 times increased risk of hip OA as defined by radiography or THA. Hockey players demonstrated 2 to 3 times increased risk of hip OA (THA or hospital admission). Five studies investigating the association of competitive long-distance running with hip OA demonstrated inconsistent results. Conclusion: Currently available literature suggests that male athletes participating in elite impact sports (soccer, handball, track and field, or hockey) are at an increased risk of developing hip OA, while those participating in high-level long-distance running do not have a clearly elevated risk. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathomechanics of development of hip OA in these patients.
The Relationship of the Femoral Physis and the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament in Children
Authors: Shea Kevin G. , Styhl Alexandra C. , Jacobs John C. , Ganley Theodore J. , Milewski Matthew D. , Cannamela Peter C. , Anderson Allen F. , Polousky John D. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Young athletes sustain patellar dislocations in a variety of sports. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is a critical structure that functions as an anatomic checkrein to help prevent lateral patellar dislocation. Reconstruction of this ligament is challenging in patients with open physes because of concerns about iatrogenic damage to the femoral physis. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship of the distal femoral physis and the MPFL. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In 15 cadaveric, pediatric knees (age, 7-11 years), markers were placed at the proximal/distal limits of the MPFL femoral attachment and were evaluated with computed tomography. The distance from the MPFL attachment midpoint to the most medial aspect of the distal femoral physis was measured. Results: The mean femoral width of the MPFL was 8.1 mm (range, 4.3-13.8 mm). The femoral MPFL midpoint was distal to the femoral physis in 11 specimens and proximal to the physis in 4 specimens. The most proximal portion of the MPFL femoral attachment extended above the medial physis in 7, was at the physis in 5, and was below the physis in 3 specimens. One specimen had the entire MPFL femoral attachment above the physis. For knees with the MPFL midpoint above the medial physis, the distance between the center of the MPFL and physis was 3.3 mm (range, 0.3-7.1 mm). For knees with the MPFL below the medial physis, the distance between the center of the MPFL and physis was −6.8 mm (range, −0.7 to −22.0 mm). Conclusion: The relationship of the femoral attachment of the MPFL and the medial femoral physis shows some anatomic variation. In all cases, the MPFL is close to the medial femoral physis, but the midpoint of the MPFL is at, slightly above, or slightly below the physis. Clinical Relevance: The relationship of the MPFL femoral attachment footprint to the femoral physis in the skeletally immature patient is not well understood, and access to pediatric cadaveric tissue is very limited. This small series demonstrates that there is considerable variation in the relationship between the MPFL and distal femoral physis. This anatomic information may guide MPFL reconstruction technique in young patients and reduce the risk of iatrogenic physeal arrest on the femur.
Utilization of ACL Injury Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Risk Profile Analysis to Determine the Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training
Authors: Hewett Timothy E. , Ford Kevin R. , Xu Yingying Y. , Khoury Jane , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: July 2016

Background: The widespread use of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention interventions has not been effective in reducing the injury incidence among female athletes who participate in high-risk sports. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if biomechanical and neuromuscular factors that contribute to the knee abduction moment (KAM), a predictor of future ACL injuries, could be used to characterize athletes by a distinct factor. Specifically, we hypothesized that a priori selected biomechanical and neuromuscular factors would characterize participants into distinct at-risk profiles. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 624 female athletes who participated in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent testing before their competitive season. During testing, athletes performed drop-jump tasks from which biomechanical measures were captured. Using data from these tasks, latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles based on preintervention biomechanical and neuromuscular measures. As a validation, we examined whether the profile membership was a significant predictor of the KAM. Results: LPA using 6 preintervention biomechanical measures selected a priori resulted in 3 distinct profiles, including a low (profile 1), moderate (profile 2), and high (profile 3) risk for ACL injuries. Athletes with profiles 2 and 3 had a significantly higher KAM compared with those with profile 1 ( P < .05). Conclusion: This is the first study to use LPA of biomechanical landing data to create ACL injury risk profiles. Three distinct risk groups were identified based on differences in the peak KAM. Clinical Relevance: These findings demonstrate the existence of discernable groups of athletes that may benefit from injury prevention interventions. Study Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT identifier: NCT01034527.
The Short Form of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale as a Prognostic Factor of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mandarin-Speaking Chinese Mothers
Authors: Ip Wan-Yim , Gao Ling-Ling , Choi Kai-Chow , Chau Janita Pak-Chun , Xiao Yang 
Published: July 2016

Background: Little is known about the effect of maternal perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy on the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum in mainland China. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relative effect of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and selected relevant factors on the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum. The internal consistency and construct validity of the Chinese (Mandarin) version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form (BSES-SF) were also examined. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at a regional teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. A total of 562 in-hospital mothers who were within 72 hours postpartum were recruited to the study and followed up by telephone for 6 months. Results: Although all of the mothers breastfed their babies within 72 hours postpartum, only 25% of the mothers breastfed exclusively. The mean survival time of continuation of exclusive breastfeeding was 16.7 days. The proportion of mothers who breastfed exclusively after discharge was 14.8%, 2.0%, and 0.2% at 1, 4, and 6 months, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that the mothers who had a higher BSES-SF score at baseline, underwent cesarean section, and practiced exclusive breastfeeding within 72 hours after delivery were significantly associated with a lower hazard of discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months postpartum. Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate among Chinese women is far from satisfactory. The Chinese (Mandarin) version of the BSES-SF can help in identifying mothers who need more support for exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months postpartum.
Formula Feeding Is Independently Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Ginovart Gemma , Gich Ignasi , Verd Sergio 
Published: July 2016

Background: Successful strategies to prevent neonatal acute kidney injury are lacking. Nevertheless, it is well known that in breastfed babies the excretory needs of the kidney are low because the intake of most nutrients is just above the nutritional requirement. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether feeding type predicts acute kidney injury in the very low birth weight infant. Methods: One hundred and eighty-six infants were enrolled in this pre-post cohort study (114 infants were included in the only human milk-fed group and 72 in the formula-fed group). Routine biological markers of acute kidney injury were collected in both groups from birth to discharge. Results: Compared with formula feeding, human milk feeding was associated with almost 80% lower odds of acute kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.77). After confounding variables had been controlled for, formula feeding was independently associated with acute kidney injury in very low birth weight infants. Conclusion: The study showed that, at our institution, acute kidney injury in the neonatal period is frequently associated with the avoidable procedure of formula feeding. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to determine the generality of this association.
Controversies That Shaped the Field of Human Resource Development
Authors: Russ-Eft Darlene F. 
Published: July 2016

The Problem There is a dearth of information concerning the various controversies that have arisen within human resource development, as encapsulated within the Town Hall Forums provided at the annual meetings of the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD). Turnover and growth in the field result in a loss of institutional memory, which can provide vital context for current practices and decisions. The Solution This article summarizes the Town Hall Forums that have been presented at AHRD from 1995 to 2015. The Forums are grouped into related themes. Following the summary for the Forums within each theme, there is a brief statement as to the current status of that issue. The conclusion section identifies some of the research needs that still exist around some of the topics. By documenting the discussion and resolution of important issues, we can see how AHRD and its members have had an impact on the field and have led the field through research. The Stakeholders These include the scholars and scholar-practitioners within AHRD and those undertaking research related to HRD.
Featured Article: Nanoenhanced matrix metalloproteinase-responsive delivery vehicles for disease resolution and imaging
Authors: McCarthy Donald A , Nazem Ahmad A , McNeilan James , Shakerley Nicole L , Clark Ryan R , Idelchik María D , Yigit Mehmet , Melendez J Andrés 
Published: July 2016

The wide array of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases, produced in response to many pathogenic insults, confers a unique proteolytic signature which is often disease specific and provides a potential therapeutic target for drug delivery. Here we propose the use of collagen-based nanoenhanced matrix metalloproteinase-responsive delivery vehicles that display matrix metalloproteinase-specific degradation in diverse in vitro models of proteolysis. We demonstrate that collagen particles comprised of protease substrates (primarily collagen) can be made of uniform size and loaded efficiently with assorted cargo including fluorescently labeled mesoporous silica, magnetic nanoparticles, proteins and antioxidants. We also demonstrate that pathologic concentrations of proteases produced in situ or in vitro display protease-specific cargo release. Additionally, we show that the collagen-based particles display bright fluorescence when loaded with a fluorophore, and have the potential to be used as vehicles for targeted delivery of drugs or imaging agents to regions of high proteolytic activity.
Functional outcome and complications following surgery for Dupuytren’s disease: a multi-centre cross-sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues J. N. , Zhang W. , Scammell B. E. , Chakrabarti I. , Russell P. G. , Fullilove S. , Davidson D. , Davis T. R. C. 
Published: July 2016

Variables associated with recurrent Dupuytren’s disease, or a ‘diathesis’, have been investigated, but those associated with functional outcome and complications are less well studied. Outcomes 1 or 5 years after an aponeurotomy, fasciectomy or dermofasciectomy were assessed by patient interview and examination at five UK centres. A total of 432 procedures were studied. The reoperation rate did not differ at 1 year ( p = 0.396, Chi-square test with Monte Carlo simulation), but was higher after aponeurotomy in the 5-year group (30%, versus 6% after fasciectomy and 0% after dermofasciectomy, p = 0.003, Chi square test with Monte Carlo simulation). Loss of function (DASH>15) did not differ between procedures at 5 years, even when reoperation and other variables were controlled. Diabetes, female gender and previous ipsilateral surgery were associated with poorer function in logistic regression analysis. The variables associated with poor function after treatments differ from diathesis variables. Aponeurotomy had lower complication rates than fasciectomy and dermofasciectomy. This may counterbalance the former’s higher recurrence rate and explain why aponeurotomy demonstrated similar long-term functional outcome compared with excisional surgery in this study. Level of evidence: III