bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitive path decompositions of Cartesian products of complete graphs
Authors: De Vas Gunasekara Ajani , Devillers Alice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn H-decomposition of a graph $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is a partition of its edge set into subgraphs isomorphic to H. A transitive decomposition is a special kind of H-decomposition that is highly symmetrical in the sense that the subgraphs (copies of H) are preserved and transitively permuted by a group of automorphisms of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. This paper concerns transitive H-decompositions of the graph $$K_n \Box K_n$$

K
n

□

K
n

where H is a path. When n is an odd prime, we present a construction for a transitive path decomposition where the paths in the decomposition are considerably large compared to the number of vertices. Our main result supports well-known Gallai’s conjecture and an extended version of Ringel’s conjecture.
Binary cyclic-gap constant weight codes with low-complexity encoding and decoding
Authors: Sasidharan Birenjith , Viterbo Emanuele , Dau Son Hoang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the design of binary constant weight codes that admit low-complexity encoding and decoding algorithms, and that have size $$M=2^k$$

M
=

2
k

so that codewords can conveniently be labeled with binary vectors of length k. For every integer $$\ell \ge 3$$

ℓ
≥
3

, we construct a $$(n=2^\ell , M=2^{k_{\ell }}, d=2)$$

(
n
=

2
ℓ

,
M
=

2

k
ℓ

,
d
=
2
)

constant weight code $${{{\mathcal {C}}}}[\ell ]$$

C
[
ℓ
]

of weight $$\ell $$
ℓ
by encoding information in the gaps between successive 1’s of a vector, and call them as cyclic-gap constant weight codes. The code is associated with a finite integer sequence of length $$\ell $$
ℓ
satisfying a constraint defined as anchor-decodability that is pivotal to ensure low complexity for encoding and decoding. The time complexity of the encoding algorithm is linear in the input size k, and that of the decoding algorithm is poly-logarithmic in the input size n, discounting the linear time spent on parsing the input. Both the algorithms do not require expensive computation of binomial coefficients, unlike the case in many existing schemes. Among codes generated by all anchor-decodable sequences, we show that $${{{\mathcal {C}}}}[\ell ]$$

C
[
ℓ
]

has the maximum size with $$k_{\ell } \ge \ell ^2-\ell \log _2\ell + \log _2\ell - 0.279\ell - 0.721$$

k
ℓ

≥

ℓ
2

-
ℓ

log
2

ℓ
+

log
2

ℓ
-
0.279
ℓ
-
0.721

. As k is upper bounded by $$\ell ^2-\ell \log _2\ell +O(\ell )$$

ℓ
2

-
ℓ

log
2

ℓ
+
O

(
ℓ
)

information-theoretically, the code $${{{\mathcal {C}}}}[\ell ]$$

C
[
ℓ
]

is optimal in its size with respect to two higher order terms of $$\ell $$
ℓ
. In particular, $$k_\ell $$

k
ℓ

meets the upper bound for $$\ell =3$$

ℓ
=
3

and one-bit away for $$\ell =4$$

ℓ
=
4

. On the other hand, we show that $${{{\mathcal {C}}}}[\ell ]$$

C
[
ℓ
]

is not unique in attaining $$k_{\ell }$$

k
ℓ

by constructing an alternate code $$\mathcal{{\hat{C}}}[\ell ]$$

C
^

[
ℓ
]

again parameterized by an integer $$\ell \ge 3$$

ℓ
≥
3

with a different low-complexity decoder, yet having the same size $$2^{k_{\ell }}$$

2

k
ℓ

when $$3 \le \ell \le 7$$

3
≤
ℓ
≤
7

. Finally, we also derive new codes by modifying $${{{\mathcal {C}}}}[\ell ]$$

C
[
ℓ
]

that offer a wider range on blocklength and weight while retaining low complexity for encoding and decoding. For certain selected values of parameters, these modified codes too have an optimal k.
Navigating the sea level rise: Exploring the interplay of climate change, sea level rise, and coastal communities in india
Authors: Das Ansuman , Swain Pranaya Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research article investigates the intricate interplay between climate change, global sea level rise (SLR), and the impacts of sea level rise on the coastal regions of India. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this paper provides an overview of the global consequences of SLR on coastal communities, exploring economic, social, and environmental impacts on agriculture, communities, and coastal areas. The study examines the displacement of communities and its impact on food security, infrastructure, tourism, and ecological loss based on a comprehensive literature review. This paper emphasizes the sustainable preservation of coastal ecosystems and the development of climate-resilient infrastructure. This research aims to offer a detailed understanding of the evolving landscape of coastal livelihoods, providing valuable insights for adaptive strategies, policy formulation, and sustainable development. Ultimately, this article contributes to the scientific discourse by shedding light on the complex dynamics between climate change, SLR, and coastal communities, guiding efforts toward a resilient and sustainable future. The insights are drawn from secondary data resources, including books, scholarly journals, and reports from organizations such as the IPCC and NOAA. Based on a thorough review of the relevant literature, it critically examines the existing and potential consequences of sea level rise induced by climate change.
Prediction and Inference: From Models and Data to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gammaitoni Luca , Vulpiani Angelo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we present a discussion of the basic aspects of the well-known problem of prediction and inference in physics, with specific attention to the role of models, the use of data and the application of recent developments in artificial intelligence. By focussing in the time evolution of dynamic system, it is shown that main difficulties in predictions arise due to the presence of few factors as: the occurrence of chaotic dynamics, the existence of many variables with very different characteristic time-scales and the lack of an accurate understanding of the underlying physical phenomena. It is shown that a crucial role is assigned to the preliminary identification of the proper variables, their selection and the identification of an appropriate level of description (coarse-graining procedure). Moreover, it is discussed the relevance, even in modern practical issues, of old well-known fundamental results, like the Poincaré recurrence theorem, the Kac’s lemma and the Richard’s paradox.
Long-term agricultural reclamation on the chemical properties of Technosols at lignite postmining site – efficiency of winter wheat and winter rape
Authors: Otremba Krzysztof , Kozłowski Michał , Tatuśko-Krygier Natalia , Korytowski Mariusz , Pająk Marek , Pietrzykowski Marcin , Diatta Jean , Nili Mohammed Seghir , Zięba Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims
Opencast lignite mining causes significant disturbances to the natural environment. It isn’t only the plant cover that is destroyed, also the soil cover is damaged. Soils are replaced by dumps with material composition that properties differ significantly from natural soils. Reclamation of these areas is necessary.

Methods
This study presents the effect of forty-three years of agricultural reclamation involving alternating winter wheat and winter rapeseed in three fertilization treatments: 0- (without fertilization), I-NPK and II-NPK on the chemical properties of Technosols.

Results
The investigation demonstrated that the Ap-horizon emerged in the case of I-NPK and II-NPK treatments. There was an improvement in chemical properties for the Ap-horizon as compared to 1978: soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) increased. The CaCO3 decreased, and SOC/TN ratio declined, while pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) remained unchanged. For the Technosols’ surface horizon of the 0-NPK, there were also temporal increases in TN and SOC with a decrease in the SOC/TN ratio, whereas P, K, pH, CEC and CaCO3 values did not change significantly.

Conclusion
In the 43-year-old post-mining Technosols, under the effect of fertilization and cultivated plants, the Ap horizon has formed, while in the non-fertilized soil the AC and CA horizons. Soil that were fertilized had significantly higher SOC, TN, P and K values in the surface horizon than minesoils without fertilization. In the subsurface horizons, the properties of minesoils were similar regardless of fertilization.
Defining Native American
Authors: Schiappa Edward 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the question of who is defined as a Native American within the jurisdictions of the United States. Determining individual status can be seen as a two-step process: Is a given individual recognized by a specific tribe as a member? Then, is that specific tribe acknowledged by a relevant governmental unit? Though both seem simple questions, this paper illustrates that the question “Is Person X a Native American?” sometimes can be quite fraught, and manifests what I have described previously as definitional gaps and definitional ruptures. Ultimately, as is typical of regulatory definitions, the choice of definitional criteria to apply is a question of values, interests, and politics. I begin with a description of the varied definitional frameworks at work in determinations of whether a given group of people constitute a recognized tribe, then note how tribes themselves are institutions empowered to define who does or does not count as members through practices of enrollment and disenrollment. I then describe three case studies of definitional phenomena—one as a case of a definitional gap (college professors described as “Pretendians”), the second as a case of definitional rupture (determining Native American eligibility for free tuition within the University of California system), and a third as an illustration of regulatory versus self-definition (U.S. Census practices).
Implementation and Utility of the Da Vinci SP (Single Port) in Pediatric Urology
Authors: Arney Lucas A. , Bissette Randall G. , Smith Jordan M. , Bayne Christopher E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Detail the evolution, utility, and future directions of the da Vinci SP® in pediatric urology, focusing on perioperative outcomes and intraoperative details.

Recent Findings
The SP has been safely and successfully utilized in various pediatric urological procedures, from pyeloplasty to nephroureterectomy to appendicovesicostomy. Reports indicate mixed operative times but similar hospital stays and postoperative outcomes compared to multiport (MP) robotic surgery. The learning curve for transitioning from MP to SP systems in pediatric patients appears manageable, though the smaller abdominal circumference in children poses a notable challenge. This review assumes that SP systems will primarily be acquired for adult services, not considering initial and ongoing costs to hospital systems.

Summary
The SP serves as a complementary option, rather than a replacement, for MP robotic surgery in pediatric urology, offering potential advantages in specific scenarios. Cosmetic outcomes with the SP appear at least as favorable as MP surgery, but further research is needed. Future research should focus on patient-centered outcomes to optimize SP robotic surgery use in pediatric patients.
Towards fault-tolerance of IMA with safe dynamic reconfiguration
Authors: Schubert Tim , Friedrich Sven , Zaeske Wanja , Durak Umut 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntegrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is essential to modern avionics. It increases the possibilities for reuse of software and hardware resources by system integrators, through the use of standardized communication interfaces and operating system services. Meanwhile, the safety requirements of DO-297 dictate that the system architecture must prevent common cause failures and that a single failure cannot disable any critical function. As a result, critical functions have to be allocated redundantly to additional resources at integration-time. In the spirit of IMA, it may be desirable to pool together these resources so that they can be allocated to any critical function at run-time. For this, a way to redefine the communication between individual allocations of functions is necessary. In this paper, we demonstrate and evaluate a prototypical implementation of a message router that allows us to dynamically reconfigure the communication between the allocated functions, using only standardized communication interfaces and operating system services of ARINC 653. We discuss the safety implications of such an approach and how it may be possible to mitigate them, evaluate the feasibility of our approach using a combination of end-to-end delay measurements and on-target tracing, and verify our assumptions about the individual factors contributing to the end-to-end delay using a discrete event simulation. We find that the approach is feasible, but the usefulness for critical functions is limited by the communications overhead from routing the messages, insufficient real-time guarantees of standardized operating system services, and missing global time synchronization.
Methodological and Conceptualisation Issues in the Measurement of Gambling Harm
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this paper, we review recent developments in the conceptualisation and measurement of gambling harm.

Recent Findings
We review the strengths and limitations of gambling-harm measures, including the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS) and 7-item Domain- General Harm Screen (DGHS-7). We also review evidence concerning the distribution of harm across the risk continuum. The paper shows that there is consensus around the principal domains of harm and that there are now reliable and valid measures to index general levels of harm, but that further development may be required to capture more nuanced assessments of the severity and types of harm.

Summary
We argue that burden-of-harm studies which show a high concentration of harm in lower risk groups are of good quality, but that important methodological issues remain. These include: the sensitivity of these estimates to measurement differences; the need for more consideration of the severity rather than the prevalence of harm ‘instances’; and, whether life-time problem gambling or legacy harms need to be taken into account when assessing the status of lower risk gamblers.
Public health, pluralism, and the telos of political virtue
Authors: MacKay Kathryn L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the ethics of public health, questions of virtue, that is, of what it means for public health to act excellently, have received little attention. This omission needs remedy first because achieving improvements in population-wide health can be in tension with goals like respect for the liberty, self-determination, or non-oppression of various individuals or groups. A virtue-ethics approach is flexible and well-suited for the kind of deliberation required to resolve or mitigate such tension. Public health requires practically wise and careful thinking, which virtue ethics brings with it. Furthermore, too tight a focus on delivering outcomes in determining how public health should act has, in some cases, actually undermined its ability to achieve those consequences. However, the main concern about incorporating virtue into public health in a pluralistic society is likely to be that virtue is generally teleological, and we would surely need some widely agreed upon idea of something like flourishing or the common good for this to work. In this paper, I propose that for public health to express virtue in its work, it must express a commitment to justice as it goes about its business promoting and protecting the health of the population. Justice is both a contributor toward better health for groups in society, and a worthwhile goal in its own right. I will sketch an argument that justice as non-oppression – not merely health equity – is the right telos toward which excellent public health should aim in a pluralist society.
Person-Environment Fit and Socioeconomic Status in Medical School
Authors: Russell Regina G. , Nguyen Mytien , Havemann Catherine , Webber Alexis , Parilla Jon Andre , Casillas Alejandra , Boatright Dowin , Mason Hyacinth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study examined the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on medical education in the context of person-environment fit (PE fit) theory, and specifically focused on the medical school experiences of students from lower-SES backgrounds.

Method
A constructivist approach was used in this qualitative study of 48 medical students from 27 US medical schools, all of whom self-identified as first-generation college graduates and/or being from a lower-income background (30 were both). Semi-structured audio-only interviews were conducted with these demographically and geographically diverse students from November 2021 through April 2022. Themes were identified using open coding and content analysis software.

Results
Almost all, 44 of 48, interviews included themes related to PE fit. Medical students indicated three interacting domains in which PE fit is relevant for them: (1) school, (2) clinical, and (3) professional environments. Learners from lower-SES backgrounds describe struggling to navigate multiple environments that are unfamiliar, culturally complex, and both personally and financially costly. They also describe ways they are addressing gaps, generating positive changes, supporting underserved patients, and broadening the perspectives of peers and educators.

Conclusions
PE fit theory provides a lens to understand unique aspects of lower-SES medical student experiences, including navigation of professional identity formation. It is critical for medical schools, funders, peers, and professional communities to sustain learning environments that support the flourishing of medical students from lower-SES backgrounds. This support includes transferring the burden of addressing fit from individual learners and marginalized classes of learners to educational, clinical, and professional organizations.
Modal Shift Potential of Different Mode Users Due to Introduction of the First MRT in Dhaka: A Prelaunch Study
Authors: Aktar Sayeda Laizu , Islam Moon , Anzum Nazifa , Tahsin Sarah , Waliullah Md , Hasan Md.Musleh Uddin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDhaka city is experiencing tremendous growth in traffic. Until recently, the city’s demand for traffic was entirely served by public buses, a mix of motorized and non-motorized paratransit, and private personalized transport. The first ever rail-based metro, mass rapid transit (MRT), namely MRT Line 6, was partially inaugurated on 28 December 2022. Authority expects that there will be visible modal shift. However, MRT systems in many Asian and European countries are attracting much lower private motorists than what is expected. Moreover, in Dhaka, a unique mix in road-based transport with public transit and varieties of paratransit and private personalized vehicles intensifies the uncertainties involved in modal shift. Therefore, based on a field survey done before four (04) months of the partial inauguration of MRT Line 6, this study intends to explore the modal shift potentials of different mode users to a completely new mode and the modal choice factors. The analysis of the results finds overall, 75% of all mode users are willing to shift, while para and public transit users are comparatively more willing than private personalized vehicle users. However, such willingness comes up with one or more conditions: comfort, reasonable fare, reduced total travel time, less crowd, etc. The study finds that affordability, availability, and accessibility factors have an influence on their modal shift behavior. Also, results from binary logistic model identify significant impact of several sociodemographic, trip- and accessibility-related factors influencing modal shift choice. Findings from this study explain the optimism regarding MRT by different mode users and inform the decision-makers about their course of actions including different interventions, strict and carrot approaches to hold on to the potential shifters and attract more.
Characterization of the November 2020 damaging hydrogeological event affecting the Calabria region (southern Italy)
Authors: Caloiero Tommaso , Filice Eugenio , Marsico Loredana , Zimbo Fabio , Petrucci Olga 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDamaging hydrogeological events (DHEs), characterized by concurrent phenomena such as floods and landslides triggered by rainfall, pose significant threats to people and properties. Calabria, in southern Italy, frequently experiences these events, which lead to substantial economic losses in agriculture and severe damage to transport infrastructure. Addressing DHEs is crucial, especially considering climate change, which is expected to increase their frequency and intensity.This paper examines the DHE that occurred between November 20th and 22nd, 2020, on the eastern side of Calabria. To evaluate the event’s severity, two indices were applied: one measuring the exceptional nature of the triggering rainfall and the other assessing the severity of damage to people and property. By comparing these indices to historical DHEs data from the early twentieth century onward, the 2020 event has been classified as an “extraordinary event” for its very high rainfall severity and moderately high damage levels. In fact, during the event there were no fatalities or injuries and the damages were relatively manageable and recoverable with moderate expenses.In addition, to study whether the meteorological framework of the event can be traced back to those characterizing major DHEs, a detailed synoptic analysis was carried out. As a result, the meteorological conditions were identified as quite common in Calabria during autumnal DHEs (e.g., 1921, 1953, 1959, and 1971), resulting from the descent of Atlantic troughs into the Mediterranean and leading to the formation of surface minima that channel high-humidity air masses from the south, thus enhancing convective phenomena.The applied methodology, outlined in previous studies, is applicable in regions like Calabria, where historical DHEs have been systematically analysed and categorized based on rainfall and damage severity, providing a basis for comparison. Moreover, the synoptic analysis supplies new key elements to identify meteorological conditions driving to damaging events in the study region that can be useful to improve preparedness and emergency management during future DHEs.
Siamese Neural Network for Speech-Based Depression Classification and Severity Assessment
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros , Qi Wen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of an individual’s mental health and behavioral functioning, known as psychological assessment, is generally conducted by a mental health professional. This process aids in diagnosing mental health conditions, identifying suitable treatment options, and assessing progress during treatment. Currently, national health systems are unable to cope with the constantly growing demand for such services. To address and expedite the diagnosis process, this study suggests an AI-powered tool capable of delivering understandable predictions through the automated processing of the captured speech signals. To this end, we employed a Siamese neural network (SNN) elaborating on standardized speech representations free of domain expert knowledge. Such an SNN-based framework is able to address multiple downstream tasks using the same latent representation. Interestingly, it has been applied both for classifying speech depression as well as assessing its severity. After extensive experiments on a publicly available dataset following a standardized protocol, it is shown to significantly outperform the state of the art with respect to both tasks. Last but not least, the present solution offers interpretable predictions, while being able to meaningfully interact with the medical experts.