bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends, patterns, and differentials in Canadian mortality over nearly a century, 1921-2011
Authors: Bourbeau Robert , Ouellette Nadine 
Published: July 2017

In the past 90 years, remarkable progress was made in substantially improving survival and longevity in Canada, establishing it as a member of today’s group of very low mortality countries. We use several demographic indicators of all-cause and cause-specific mortality to illustrate the nature of these major advances throughout the life span. Reviewing the literature on trends in Canadian mortality, we also uncover various challenges for the next decades. Reducing or even eliminating important disparities in mortality that persist with regards to geography and several socioeconomic factors is one of the greatest challenges ahead. Keywords: Mortality, longevity, health, trends, Canada
A new model for estimating district life expectancy at birth in India, with special reference to Assam state
Authors: Sarma Rajan , Choudhury Labananda 
Published: July 2017

Life expectancy at birth (e0) is considered as an important indicator of the mortality level of a population. In India, direct estimation of e0 is not possible due to incomplete death registration. The Sample Registration System (SRS) of India provides information on e0 only for the 16 major states. Estimates of e0 for the districts are not available. Using data from the Coale-Demeny West model life tables, United Nations South Asian model life tables, and SRS life tables of India and its major states, the paper shows that the relationship between life expectancy at age one (e0) and the probability of surviving to age one (l1) is linear, and the relationship between e0 and l1 is quadratic. From the quadratic relationship between e0 and l1, an attempt is made to estimate e0 for some selected districts of India for 2001 and 2010, using estimated l1 from 2001 census data and Annual Health Survey (2010–11) data.
Causes and patterns of morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan: Joint estimation of multiple causes in the neonatal period
Authors: Adegboye Oyelola A , Danelle Kotze 
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on investigating the leading cause(s) of death and preventable factors in Afghanistan, using data from verbal autopsies of infant deaths. We are of the view that the presence of a disease in a person may increase the risk of another disease that may contribute to the death process. The influence of individual- and community-level variables on infant morbidity and mortality in Afghanistan is examined. The results of this study suggest the existence of multiple causes of death in the Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS). In Afghanistan, complications of pregnancy are clearly a problem and must be adequately improved.
Inability to conceive and treatment-seeking behaviour in Uttar Pradesh state in India
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Shukla Upasana 
Published: July 2017

An attempt is made to estimate the prevalence of inability to conceive (commonly referred to as infertility) and treatment-seeking behaviour in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, using the District Level Household Survey data collected in 2007–08 (DLHS-3). In Uttar Pradesh, infertility is estimated to be about 11 per cent in females aged 20–34 among the total ever-married women of reproductive age (20–49) whose marital duration is more than two years. Among infertile respondents, more than three-quarters suffer from primary infertility. Also, about 85.0 per cent of women seek treatment for lifetime infertility.
Calibration Errors in Interferometric Radio Polarimetry
Authors: Hales Christopher A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Residual calibration errors are difficult to predict in interferometric radio polarimetry because they depend on the observational calibration strategy employed, encompassing the Stokes vector of the calibrator and parallactic angle coverage. This work presents analytic derivations and simulations that enable examination of residual on-axis instrumental leakage and position-angle errors for a suite of calibration strategies. The focus is on arrays comprising alt-azimuth antennas with common feeds over which parallactic angle is approximately uniform. The results indicate that calibration schemes requiring parallactic angle coverage in the linear feed basis (e.g., the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) need only observe over 30°, beyond which no significant improvements in calibration accuracy are obtained. In the circular feed basis (e.g., the Very Large Array above 1 GHz), 30° is also appropriate when the Stokes vector of the leakage calibrator is known a priori, but this rises to 90° when the Stokes vector is unknown. These findings illustrate and quantify concepts that were previously obscure rules of thumb.
An in situ Comparison of Electron Acceleration at Collisionless Shocks under Differing Upstream Magnetic Field Orientations
Authors: Masters A. , Sulaiman A. H. , Stawarz Ł. , Reville B. , Sergis N. , Fujimoto M. , Burgess D. , Coates A. J. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A leading explanation for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays is acceleration at high-Mach number shock waves in the collisionless plasma surrounding young supernova remnants. Evidence for this is provided by multi-wavelength non-thermal emission thought to be associated with ultrarelativistic electrons at these shocks. However, the dependence of the electron acceleration process on the orientation of the upstream magnetic field with respect to the local normal to the shock front (quasi-parallel/quasi-perpendicular) is debated. Cassini spacecraft observations at Saturn’s bow shock have revealed examples of electron acceleration under quasi-perpendicular conditions, and the first in situ evidence of electron acceleration at a quasi-parallel shock. Here we use Cassini data to make the first comparison between energy spectra of locally accelerated electrons under these differing upstream magnetic field regimes. We present data taken during a quasi-perpendicular shock crossing on 2008 March 8 and during a quasi-parallel shock crossing on 2007 February 3, highlighting that both were associated with electron acceleration to at least MeV energies. The magnetic signature of the quasi-perpendicular crossing has a relatively sharp upstream–downstream transition, and energetic electrons were detected close to the transition and immediately downstream. The magnetic transition at the quasi-parallel crossing is less clear, energetic electrons were encountered upstream and downstream, and the electron energy spectrum is harder above ∼100 keV. We discuss whether the acceleration is consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory in each case, and suggest that the quasi-parallel spectral break is due to an energy-dependent interaction between the electrons and short, large-amplitude magnetic structures.
Determinations of the 12C/13C Ratio for the Secondary Stars of AE Aquarii, SS Cygni, and RU Pegasi*
Authors: Harrison Thomas E. , Marra Rachel E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present new moderate-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of three CVs obtained using GNIRS on Gemini-North. These spectra covered three 13CO bandheads found in the K-band, allowing us to derive the isotopic abundance ratios for carbon. We find small 12C/13C ratios for all three donor stars. In addition, these three objects show carbon deficits, with AE Aqr being the most extreme ([C/Fe] = −1.4). This result confirms the conjecture that the donor stars in some long-period CVs have undergone considerable nuclear evolution prior to becoming semi-contact binaries. In addition to the results for carbon, we find that the abundance of sodium is enhanced in these three objects, and the secondary stars in both RU Peg and SS Cyg suffer magnesium deficits. Explaining such anomalies appears to require higher mass progenitors than commonly assumed for the donor stars of CVs.
Accretion-induced Collapse from Helium Star + White Dwarf Binaries
Authors: Brooks Jared , Schwab Josiah , Bildsten Lars , Quataert Eliot , Paxton Bill 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Accretion-induced collapse (AIC) occurs when an O/Ne white dwarf (WD) grows to nearly the Chandrasekhar mass (

), reaching central densities that trigger electron captures in the core. Using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA), we present the first true binary simulations of He star + O/Ne WD binaries, focusing on a

He star in a 3 hr orbital period with

O/Ne WDs. The helium star fills its Roche lobe after core helium burning is completed and donates helium on its thermal timescale to the WD,

, which is a rate high enough that the accreting helium burns stably on the WD. The accumulated carbon/oxygen ashes from the helium burning undergo an unstable shell flash that initiates an inwardly moving, carbon burning flame. This flame is only quenched when it runs out of carbon at the surface of the original O/Ne core. Subsequent accumulation of fresh carbon/oxygen layers also undergo thermal instabilities, but no mass loss is triggered, which allows

, and then triggers the onset of AIC. We also discuss the scenario of accreting C/O WDs that experience shell carbon ignitions to become O/Ne WDs, and then, under continuing mass transfer, lead to AIC. Studies of the AIC event rate using binary population synthesis should include all of these channels, especially this latter channel, which has been previously neglected but might dominate the rate.
Encadrement et leadership
Authors: Progin Laetitia 
Published: July 2017

La contribution est centrée sur le leadership pédagogique exercé par des directeurs débutant dans le cadre d’une nouvelle fonction qui n’existait pas auparavant. A été étudiée plus précisément la manière dont ces directeurs tentent d’occuper, de colorer et de faire évoluer ce nouveau rôle, en exerçant différentes formes de leadership et, notamment, un leadership pédagogique dont les recherches n’ignorent plus l’importance majeure pour les établissements. Si la pédagogie est souvent présentée comme un terrain d’action difficilement accessible aux chefs d’établissement scolaire, les données récoltées dans le cadre de cette recherche esquissent des contours plus nuancés. En effet, malgré les obstacles rencontrés (pluralité des activités, prépondérance des tâches administratives, etc.), les directeurs ne renoncent pas au leadership pédagogique qui semble s’exercer par « petites touches » et de multiples manières.
Encadrement et leadership
Authors: Letor Caroline , Garant Michèle 
Published: July 2017

Depuis les vingt dernières années, la gestion des Hautes Écoles s’exerce dans un contexte de changement lié à l’accroissement et à la mutation du public étudiant, aux influences européennes et aux décrets promulgués dans la ligne de « Bologne » s’accompagnant de la recomposition du paysage de l’enseignement supérieur et universitaire. Dans ce chapitre nous nous intéressons aux actions de leadership pédagogique qu’exercent les directrices et les directeurs de catégorie au sein des Hautes Écoles en tant que cadre intermédiaire dans des structures récemment fusionnées, dans un contexte contraignant et mouvant. À partir de l’analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs avec les directions de trois Hautes Écoles du réseau de l’enseignement libre subventionné catholique en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, nous nous interrogeons sur les actions pédagogiques que ces directions poursuivent et à ce qui est mis en place pour développer et évaluer ces actions. Nous cherchons d’une part à caractériser le leadership de ces directions, d’autre part à mettre en évidence les tensions qui composent ce nouveau métier.
Le cheval dans l’Arabie méridionale antique
Authors: Robin Christian Julien , Maigret Sabina Antonini de 
Published: July 2017

Jacques Ryckmans avait démontré en 1963 que le cheval apparaissait en Arabie méridionale au Ier siècle de l’ère chrétienne. Les nombreux textes épigraphiques et représentations sculptées publiés depuis lors ne contredisent pas cette hypothèse.Mais sur deux points, il est possible d’être plus précis. Tout d’abord le fait que le cheval apparaisse dans les sources épigraphiques et iconographiques vers la fin du Ier siècle de l’ère chrétienne n’implique pas nécessairement que l’introduction du cheval soit très récente. Cette introduction a dû s’étaler sur une longue période, avec des échecs suivis de nouvelles tentatives.La seconde avancée concerne la rareté du cheval en Arabie méridionale, plus grande qu’on ne le pensait, jusque vers la fin de l’Antiquité. On pouvait déjà deviner cette rareté en se fondant sur la documentation sudarabique. Elle est désormais prouvée par les gravures rupestres de Ḥimā en Arabie saoudite méridionale. Les innombrables dessins de cavaliers s’avèrent être islamiques dans leur très grande majorité. Les gravures représentant un cavalier de date préislamique assurée sont en fait très exceptionnelles.
Le sultan qui aimait les beaux chevaux : l'« arabomania » équine du mamelouk al-Nāṣir Muḥammad
Authors: Carayon Agnès 
Published: July 2017

Le sultan al‑Nāṣir Muḥammad portait aux chevaux un amour sans borne. Le fait, en soit, n’a rien d’exceptionnel pour un souverain mamelouk, digne représentant d’une dynastie qui porta les arts de la furūsiyya à leur plus haute expression et qui en fit l’emblème de son règne. L’intensité de sa passion a pourtant été mentionnée, décriée aussi, dans les chroniques. Ce sultan semble s’être démarqué de ses pairs par son goût en matière de chevaux. Aux qualités guerrières des barbes, il préféra la beauté des chevaux arabes. Elle s’accordait parfaitement à son goût pour l’ostentation des parades, qui marquèrent davantage son règne que les campagnes militaires. Ce penchant prononcé pour les belles montures fit la fortune des tribus arabes qui le fournissaient. Le sultan était en effet capable de dépenser une somme très importante pour acheter une seule jument arabe. L’arabomania équine caractérisa ainsi le règne du sultan mamelouk, considéré comme le plus illustre représentant de la « dynastie des cavaliers ».
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine–Induced Cell-Mediated Immunity Correlates with Humoral Immune Response following Primary Vaccination during Infancy
Authors: Gelinas Laura , Abu-Raya Bahaa , Ruck Candice , Cai Bing , Kollmann Tobias R 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine–induced cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immune response during infancy is scarce. We assessed HBV vaccine–induced CMI among infants stratified as nonresponders (Ab against HBV surface Ag [anti-HBs] levels &lt;10 IU/l), low-responders (anti-HBs levels 10–100 IU/l), and high-responders (anti-HBs levels ≥100 IU/l) following their primary vaccination against HBV. Moreover, we assessed the association between HBV vaccine–induced CMI and anti-HBs levels. Infants were immunized with HBV vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 mo. Hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg)-specific proliferation, intracellular cytokine production, and bulk cytokine secretion were assessed on PBMCs collected at 1 y and anti-HBs levels were measured at 1 and 2 y of age. Infants classified at 2 y of age as low-responders (n = 28) had lower median levels of secreted IFN-γ than high-responders (n = 29), 17.15 pg/ml versus 33.16 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.009. Infants classified at 2 y of age as nonresponders (n = 15) had lower median levels of secreted TNF-α than high-responders (n = 29), 116.11 pg/ml versus 162.27 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.032. There was a positive correlation between HBsAg-specific secreted IFN-γ levels at 1 y and anti-HBs levels at 1 and 2 y of age, rho = 0.269 and 0.302, respectively, (p = 0.019 and p = 0.01, respectively). There was a positive correlation between anti-HBs levels at age 1 y and the levels of secreted IL-10, rho = 0.297, p = 0.009. HBsAg-specific IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α secretion correlated with HBV vaccine–induced humoral immune response. Assessment of CMI is a useful adjunct in demonstrating the persistence of HBV vaccine–induced memory immune response.
Incorporating remote sensing-based ET estimates into the Community Land Model version 4.5
Authors: Wang Dagang , Wang Guiling , Parr Dana T. , Liao Weilin , Xia Youlong , Fu Congsheng 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Land surface models bear substantial biases in simulating surface water and energy budgets despite the continuous development and improvement of model parameterizations. To reduce model biases, Parr et al. (2015) proposed a method incorporating satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) products into land surface models. Here we apply this bias correction method to the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) and test its performance over the conterminous US (CONUS). We first calibrate a relationship between the observational ET from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) product and the model ET from CLM4.5, and assume that this relationship holds beyond the calibration period. During the validation or application period, a simulation using the default CLM4.5 (CLM) is conducted first, and its output is combined with the calibrated observational-vs.-model ET relationship to derive a corrected ET; an experiment (CLMET) is then conducted in which the model-generated ET is overwritten with the corrected ET. Using the observations of ET, runoff, and soil moisture content as benchmarks, we demonstrate that CLMET greatly improves the hydrological simulations over most of the CONUS, and the improvement is stronger in the eastern CONUS than the western CONUS and is strongest over the Southeast CONUS. For any specific region, the degree of the improvement depends on whether the relationship between observational and model ET remains time-invariant (a fundamental hypothesis of the Parr et al. (2015) method) and whether water is the limiting factor in places where ET is underestimated. While the bias correction method improves hydrological estimates without improving the physical parameterization of land surface models, results from this study do provide guidance for physically based model development effort.
Increasing frequencies and changing characteristics of heavy precipitation events threatening infrastructure in Europe under climate change
Authors: Nissen Katrin M. , Ulbrich Uwe 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The effect of climate change on potentially infrastructure-damaging heavy precipitation events in Europe is investigated in an ensemble of regional climate simulations conducted at a horizontal resolution of 12 km. Based on legislation and stakeholder interviews the 10-year return period is used as a threshold for the detection of relevant events. A novel technique for the identification of heavy precipitation events is introduced. It records not only event frequency but also event size, duration and severity (a measure taking duration, size and rain amount into account) as these parameters determine the potential consequences of the event. Over most of Europe the frequency of relevant heavy precipitation events is predicted to increase with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The number of daily and multi-day events increases at a lower rate than the number of sub-daily events. The event size is predicted to increase in the future over many European regions, especially for sub-daily events. Moreover, the most severe events were detected in the projection period. The predicted changes in frequency, size and intensity of events may increase the risk for infrastructure damages. The climate change simulations do not show changes in event duration.
Multimodal Imaging in a Patient with Traumatic Choroidal Ruptures
Authors: Pierro Luisa , Giuffrè Chiara , Rabiolo Alessandro , Gagliardi Marco , Arrigo Alessandro , Bandello Francesco 
Published: July 2017

Purpose To describe the case and the follow-up of a traumatic choroidal rupture characterized by means of multimodal imaging including color fundus photographs, infrared reflectance, blue autofluorescence, swept-source optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Case report. Results A 17-year-old boy was referred to our clinic complaining of reduction in visual acuity in the right eye (RE) after a blunt ocular trauma during a soccer match. Dilated fundus examination of RE showed 2 peripapillary choroidal ruptures located temporally and inferiorly to the optic disc. Among different imaging tools useful in the diagnosis and study of choroidal ruptures, particular attention must be paid to OCT-A, which showed the lesions as breaks in the choriocapillaris plexus with a hypointense appearance due to the lack of substance. Moreover, along the break it was possible to see the projection of the underlying choroidal vasculature, which appeared hyperintense. The retinal vascular plexa were spared. Conclusions All patients presenting with blunt ocular trauma should undergo fundus examination to exclude damage to the optic nerve, retina, and choroid, and need close follow-up to avoid the development of secondary complications such as choroidal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography angiography might add relevant information in the global evaluation and follow-up of choroidal ruptures in a noninvasive fashion, and could replace other invasive modalities such as FA or ICGA.
The Impact of Trabecular Metal on Hip Centre of Rotation in Revision and Complex Primary Hip Arthroplasty, a Radiological Review
Authors: O'Brien Carl , Keogh Cillian J. , Hannigan Ailish , Brennan Stephen , Kennedy Cian , Gul Rehan , Harty James A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a very successful procedure. Revision THA is becoming increasingly common. Recent developments to improve outcomes include the development of large trabecular metal (TM) acetabular cups and augments. There is a paucity of data on the benefit of these new techniques. Methods A single-centre retrospective review consisting of a radiological review of post-op revision THA anteroposterior pelvis. Data collection was performed using the Irish National Orthopaedic Register (INOR) and from a previous project. We used a technique developed by Fessy et al in 1999 to measure the centre of rotation (COR) of the hip. We then compared our study to that of a study measuring the COR of healthy native hips. Results 127 revision THA analysed. Native COR calculated by Fessy et al showed a mean horizontal (x) axis 33.6 mm (standard deviation [SD] 5.74) and a vertical (y) axis 16.4 mm (SD 4.67). Non-TM revisions showed a mean x axis of 29 mm (SD 3.9) and y axis 17.9 (SD 5.9). TM Augments had a mean x axis 29.2 mm (SD 7.9) and y axis of 21.5 (SD 8.4). TM Cups alone had a mean x axis 27 mm (SD 6.9) and y axis 22 mm (SD 10.18). Conclusions COR of TM implants showed considerable deviation from the norm. Non-TM implants showed a COR within acceptable physiological range. TM components consistently failed to restore a natural COR in our cohort. The implications of this remain uncertain but must be considered in any decision to use TM.