bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of synchronous brain activity in white matter tracts at rest and under functional loading
Authors: Ding Zhaohua , Huang Yali , Bailey Stephen K. , Gao Yurui , Cutting Laurie E. , Rogers Baxter P. , Newton Allen T. , Gore John C. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Functional MRI has been widely used to assess the functional architecture of the brain based on detecting changes in neural activity in gray matter via blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects. However, the existence and possible relevance of BOLD signals in white matter remain controversial. We demonstrate that BOLD signals in functional cortical volumes are strongly correlated with signals in specific, segmented white matter tracts in a resting state, and the correlations can be modulated by specific functional loadings. We therefore show that current concepts of functional connectivity based on synchronous BOLD correlations may be extended to include white matter and that changes in neural activity are encoded in BOLD variations throughout the brain.
Dynamics and mechanisms of intracellular calcium waves elicited by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow
Authors: Li Fenfang , Yang Chen , Yuan Fang , Liao Defei , Li Thomas , Guilak Farshid , Zhong Pei 
Published: December 2017

SignificanceUltrasound-induced microbubble oscillation can lead to cell injury or mechanotransduction via calcium signaling processes such as intracellular calcium waves (ICWs). However, the mechanisms by which microbubbles stimulate ICWs remain unknown. Using a microfluidic system with highly controlled bubble−cell interaction, we identified two distinct types of ICWs: a fast response correlating with significant membrane poration, and a slow response triggered by calcium influx through stretch-activated ion channels. The fast ICWs, distinguished from those under physiological conditions, are associated with cell injuries. We further elicited ICWs without cell injury by displacing integrin-binding beads on the cell membrane under mild cavitation conditions. This study provides mechanistic insights into ICWs for guiding ultrasound therapy in tissue modification, drug delivery, and cell mechanotransduction.
CHROMIXS: automatic and interactive analysis of chromatography-coupled small-angle X-ray scattering data
Authors: Panjkovich Alejandro , Svergun Dmitri I 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Summary
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), also known as inline SEC-SAXS, is being increasingly used for the structural analysis of biological macromolecules, complexes and mixtures in solution. A single SEC-SAXS run generates thousands of individual SAXS profiles from the eluting solute and their analysis requires a correct identification of buffer and sample regions, a rather laborous task. We present CHROMIXS (as in CHROMatography Inline X-ray Scattering), a program for rapid reduction and analysis, both automatically and interactively, of SEC-SAXS data.

Availability and implementation
CHROMIXS is freely available to academic users as part of the ATSAS software suite (www.embl-hamburg.de/biosaxs/download.html).
Unforeseen pathologies caused by malaria
Authors: Lee Michelle Sue Jann , Coban Cevayir 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Individuals from malaria-endemic regions often acquire partial immunity after multiple repeated infections throughout their lives. This partial immunity prevents them from developing severe complications and they often remain asymptomatic with a persistent, low parasite density in the blood, and therefore the necessity for treatment is neglected. These patients with chronic, asymptomatic malaria serve as a reservoir for Plasmodium parasite transmission, becoming a major obstacle for eradication efforts. The constant exposure to malaria infection may have benefits in the short term by conferring protection from acute, severe malaria; however, it may cause substantially more harm in the long term. Rather than the parasite burden itself, the complications induced by the dysregulated immune responses and the tissue damage done by the parasites and their products can cause chronic and irreversible suffering. Furthermore, the complete clearance of parasites in the body may not lead to complete recovery from the disease as complications can still persist. The fact that there are chronic pathologies caused by malaria that mostly remain obscure and have the potential to cause a serious burden has recently been gaining attention. Here, we present and discuss the evidence of unforeseen pathologies and the risks associated with malaria.
Is the East Asian flora ancient or not?
Authors: Chen Yong-Sheng , Deng Tao , Zhou Zhuo , Sun Hang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The East Asian flora (EAF) is a key biodiversity hotspot for understanding the origin and evolution of Northern Hemisphere floras, but there is an ongoing debate on whether it is a museum or a cradle for seed plants. Within the EAF, two main floras, the Sino-Himalayan Flora (mainly the Rhododendron Flora) and the Sino-Japanese Flora (mainly the Metasequoia Flora), have been recognized. Previous studies suggested that the EAF is ancient and the Metasequoia Flora is older than the Rhododendron Flora. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized molecular as well as fossil data on seed plants, focusing on the biogeographical origins and historical evolution of the EAF. We compared the ages of its two constituent floras, and examined the impact of the Asian monsoon and other environmental changes on the development of EAF through meta-analysis. Our results suggest that the EAF might be relatively young, with most of its clades originating since the Miocene. The Rhododendron Flora and the Metasequoia Flora are probably of a similar age. The formation and development of the Asian monsoon might have been the main factors that have driven the evolution of EAF. In the Rhododendron Flora, the north-south mountain chains increased the concentration of species and reduced extinction, and the barriers between the east and west have resulted in species differentiation, which triggered it to become a diversity center. The EAF appears to have multiple biogeographical origins, having closely affiliated not only with other floras in the Northern Hemisphere, but also with Gondwanan floras.
The nature of EU Pegasi: An Algol-type binary with a δ Scuti-type component
Authors: Yang Yuangui , Yuan Huiyu , Dai Haifeng , Zhang Xiliang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The comprehensive photometry and spectroscopy for the neglected eclipsing binary EU Pegasi are presented. We determine its spectral type to be A3V. With the W-D program, the photometric solution was deduced from the four-color light curves. The results imply that EU Peg is a detached binary with a mass ratio of q = 0.3105(± 0.0011), whose components nearly fill their Roche lobes. The low-amplitude pulsation occurs around the secondary eclipse, which may be attributed to the more massive component. Three frequencies are preliminarily explored by the Fourier analysis. The pulsating frequency at f1 = 34.1 c d−1 is a p-mode pulsation. The orbital period may be undergoing a secular decrease, superimposed by a cyclic variation. The period decreases at a rate of dP/dt = −7.34 ± 1.06 d yr−1, which may be attributed to mass loss from the system due to stellar wind. The cyclic oscillation, with Pmod = 31.0 ± 1.4 yr and A = 0.0054 ± 0.0010 d, may be caused by the light-time effect due to the assumed third body. With its evolution, the pulsating binary EU Peg will evolve from the detached configuration to the semi-detached case.
Fake It ’Til You Make It: Pressures to Measure Up in Surgical Training
Authors: Patel Priyanka , Martimianakis Maria A. , Zilbert Nathan R. , Mui Carween , Hammond Mobilio Melanie , Kitto Simon , Moulton Carol-anne 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Expectations of certainty and confidence in surgical culture are a source of internal conflict for surgeons and learners, with surgeons describing a pressure to project an image that is, at times, inconsistent with how they feel internally. The authors explored surgical residents’ perceptions of “impression management” and its effects on surgical judgment and decision making.

Method
The authors used a constructivist grounded theory approach to conduct and analyze 15 semistructured interviews with general surgery trainees at an urban Canadian academic health center between 2012 and 2014. Interviews explored impression management in the context of resident learning and performance. Analysis was inductive, whereby emergent themes contributed to a developing conceptual framework, and deductive, using an existing theory of impression management.

Results
Residents described sensing an “expectation” to portray an image aligned with the ideal surgical stereotype of confidence and certainty, and shared strategies used to mirror this image. Impression management strategies were used to portray an image of competence, with the aim to improve access to teaching and evaluations. Unintended consequences of impression management on decision making, patient safety, and resident wellness were identified.

Conclusions
These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential impact of the sociocultural context on residency training, and provide a language allowing for more explicit discussions about the impact of surgical culture on trainee behaviors. Translation includes formal instruction of these concepts in the curriculum so that trainees better recognize, reflect on, and cope with the pressures to perform in front of others.
Percutaneous Kyphoplasty
Authors: Yilmaz Atilla , Çakir Mürteza , Yücetaş Cem Şeyho , Urfali Boran , Üçler Necati , Altaş Murat , Aras Mustafa , Serarslan Yurdal , Koç Rahmi Kemal 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
A multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent unilateral and bilateral balloon kyphoplasty.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical results of unilateral and bilateral balloon kyphoplasty to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Summary of Background Data.
Percutaneous kyphoplasty has long been used as a successful method in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Although the bilateral approach is considered to be the mainstay application of percutaneous kyphoplasty, the unilateral approach has also been shown to be sufficient and even more effective in some cases.

Methods.
A total of 87 patients who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups as patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty. Unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty was performed in 36 and bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty in 51 patients. The groups were compared in terms of clinical outcomes, radiological findings, and complications. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index and the radiological findings were evaluated by comparing the preoperative and postoperative day 1 and year 1 values of anterior, middle, and posterior vertebral heights and kyphosis angle.

Results.
Clinical improvement occurred in both groups but no significant difference was observed. In radiological workup, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of improvements in vertebral heights and kyphosis angle. Operative time and the amount of cement used for the surgery were significantly lower in the patients that underwent unilateral kyphoplasty.

Conclusion.
Unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty is as effective as bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty both radiologically and clinically. Operative time and the amount of cement used for the surgery are significantly lower in unilateral kyphoplasty, which may play a role in decreasing complication rates.

Level of Evidence: 3
CHANGES IN PLASMA VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR LEVEL AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF BEVACIZUMAB, AFLIBERCEPT, OR RANIBIZUMAB FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Hirano Takao , Toriyama Yuichi , Iesato Yasuhiro , Imai Akira , Murata Toshinori 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level depending on the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) or diabetic macular edema (DME) and after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, aflibercept, or ranibizumab for treatment of DME.

Methods:
Plasma VEGF level was evaluated in 72 patients with DR and changes were measured in 42 patients with DME receiving intravitreal injections of bevacizumab, aflibercept, or ranibizumab at the initial injection.

Results:
There were no correlations between plasma VEGF level and the severity of DME or DR. Baseline plasma VEGF level (51.9 pg/mL) was significantly reduced using bevacizumab to 11.9 pg/mL after 1 week and 24.1 pg/mL after 4 weeks (P = 0.0130 and 0.0201, respectively). In aflibercept-treated eyes, plasma VEGF decreased from 52.2 pg/mL to 7.8 pg/mL and 12.6 pg/mL, respectively, at the same time points (both P < 0.001). No such reductions were observed in patients receiving ranibizumab.

Conclusion:
Baseline plasma VEGF level showed no correlations with DR or DME severity, whereas intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or aflibercept significantly reduced plasma VEGF for up to 4 weeks and ranibizumab produced no such effects. Changes in plasma VEGF level seemed not to be critical in progression or treatment of DME and DR.
Isoniazid for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Charan Jaykaran , Goyal Jagdish Prasad , Reljic Tea , Emmanuel Patricia , Patel Atul , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Isoniazid is recommended for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected adults, but its efficacy in children living with HIV (CLHIV) is not known. We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy of isoniazid for the prevention of TB in CLHIV.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry and Google Scholar from inception to December 2016. Any randomized controlled trial assessing the role of isoniazid for the prevention of TB in CLHIV was eligible for inclusion. The primary endpoint was TB incidence; secondary end points were mortality, overall survival and severe adverse events. Dual independent extraction of all data was performed. Data were pooled under a random effects model and summarized either as risk ratio (RR) or hazard ratio along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Of 931 references, 3 randomized controlled trials enrolling 977 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pooled results showed a statistically nonsignificant reduction in TB incidence (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.47–1.04; P = 0.07) and mortality (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.39–2.23; P = 0.88) with the use of isoniazid compared with placebo. One study was stopped early because of excess deaths in the placebo arm. However, results from subgroup analysis restricted to only completed trials did not change the overall findings.

Conclusions:
Isoniazid did not reduce the incidence of TB in CLHIV. All included studies were performed in regions with high prevalence of TB making the overall generalizability limited.
Nephrotoxicity With Vancomycin in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Fiorito Theresa M. , Luther Megan K. , Dennehy Penelope H. , LaPlante Kerry L. , Matson Kelly L. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Vancomycin is frequently used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients. Vancomycin exposure may lead to an increase in frequency of nephrotoxicity. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to describe predictors of nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin, including documented trough concentrations ≥15 mg/L. We also aimed to use a meta-analysis to assess the impact of a vancomycin trough ≥15 mg/L on nephrotoxicity.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Sciences database. We included randomized clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the relationship between vancomycin troughs and nephrotoxicity in pediatric-age patients. Studies not measuring troughs or defining a different cut-off point than 15 mg/L were excluded. Data on age, exclusion criteria, nephrotoxicity definition, risk factors for nephrotoxicity and vancomycin trough levels were extracted from selected papers.

Results:
Ten studies were identified for meta-analysis. All subjects had comparatively normal baseline serum creatinine values. Common risk factors identified included elevated (≥15 mg/L) trough levels, renal impairment, hypovolemia and concurrent use of nephrotoxic medications. Troughs ≥15 mg/L increased nephrotoxicity by 2.7-fold (odds ratio (OR), 2.71; 95% confidence interval: 1.82–4.05; I
2 = 40%; Q = 0.09). These odds were further increased among patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (OR, 3.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–10.74; I
2 = 45%; Q = 0.18).

Conclusions:
Though the rate of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity is increased in pediatric patients with higher vancomycin troughs, other factors such as intensive care unit admission, hypovolemia and concurrent nephrotoxic drug use appear to contribute to the development of nephrotoxicity.
Perceptions of Integration of the Clinical Pharmacist into the Patient Care Medical Home Model
Authors: McFarland M. Shawn , Lamb Kristen , Hughes Jonathan , Thomas Ashley , Gatwood Justin , Hathaway Jacob 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model is a multidisciplinary, team-based approach to healthcare that focuses on actively involving the patient in clinical decision making. The Veterans Health Administration (VA), while desiring to be a national leader in the delivery of primary care services, used the principles of the PCMH model to design the patient-aligned care team (PACT). The purpose of this study, was to explore the perception of the PACT members after integration of a clinical pharmacist to the PACT.

Methods:
This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted at an integrated Veterans Health Administration system. We electronically surveyed PACT staff practicing within VA-Tennessee Valley Health Care System as of October 1, 2016 using a modified version of the Medicine Medication Use Processes Matrix (MUPM) containing 19 items on five theoretical grouping of processes (evaluation and management, monitoring, medication review, documentation, and education) and two groupings(clinician satisfaction and access).

Results:
Ninety-one complete responses were received. Perceptions were positive, with 79% rated as either 4 (“moderate contribution”) or 5 (“major contribution”). Individual responses based on discipline, with the exception of the medical support assistant were rated positive, specifically job satisfaction.

Conclusions:
This study evaluated the perceptions of clinical pharmacist integration into the PACT model. Respondents perceived clinical pharmacist beneficial.
Role of Full-spectrum Endoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Núñez-Rodríguez Henar , Diez-Redondo Pilar , Pérez-Miranda Manuel , Gonzalez Sagrado Manuel , Conde Rosa , De la Serna Carlos 
Published: December 2017

Goals:
The aim of this study was to compare a new, full-spectrum endoscope (Fuse; EndoChoice, Alpharetta, GA) to standard forward-viewing colonoscopy in the detection of colorectal neoplasms.

Background:
Colonoscopy, the gold standard for the detection of colorectal cancer, fails to detect 22% to 28% of polyps, increasing the risk of interval cancer. Endoscopic improvement of the adenoma detection rate decrease interval carcinomas. Full-spectrum endoscopy (FUSE) (330-degree field of view), in a tandem study, has been shown to reduce the adenoma miss rate.

Study:
Prospective, randomized study of 249 patients in patients referred from the colorectal screening program with a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT). Patients were randomized to standard forward-viewing colonoscopy (170 degrees) or to full-spectrum colonoscopy with the Fuse system (330 degrees). Study variables were the adenoma detection rate, the polyp detection rate, the mean number of adenomas per procedure, the lesions detected according to the location, morphology and size, cecal intubation rate, total procedure time, insertion time to the cecum, therapeutic success, and adverse events.

Results:
The Fuse system did not produce a significantly higher adenoma detection rate than standard forward-viewing colonoscopy (FUSE 73.1% vs. standard colonoscopy 68.1%; P=0.47) but did have a significantly longer insertion time (FUSE 6.2 min vs. standard colonoscopy 4.2 min; P< 0.001). Further analysis failed to reveal any significant difference in polyp/adenoma detection rates by lesion size or colonic section.

Conclusions:
FUSE did not detect significantly more colorectal neoplasia than forward viewing colonoscopy in a medium-risk CRC screening population with positive FOBT.
Association between celiac disease and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: December 2017

Background/objective
Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that patients with celiac disease might be at an increased risk of schizophrenia. However, the data on this risk remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all available evidence.

Methods
A literature search was carried out using MEDLINE and Embase database from inception to June 2017. Studies that compared the risk of schizophrenia among patients with celiac disease versus individuals without celiac disease were included. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse-variance method.

Results
Of the 284 retrieved studies, four met our eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. We found a higher risk of schizophrenia among patients with celiac disease compared with individuals without celiac disease with the pooled odds ratio of 2.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.45–2.86). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was insignificant (I
2=0%).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly higher risk of schizophrenia among patients with celiac disease.
Short article: Presence, extent and location of pancreatic necrosis are independent of aetiology in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Verdonk Robert C. , Sternby Hanna , Dimova Alexandra , Ignatavicius Povilas , Koiva Peter , Penttila Anne K. , Ilzarbe Lucas , Regner Sara , Rosendahl Jonas , Bollen Thomas L. 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The most common aetiologies of acute pancreatitis (AP) are gallstones, alcohol and idiopathic. The impact of the aetiology of AP on the extent and morphology of pancreatic and extrapancreatic necrosis (EXPN) has not been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of aetiology on the presence and location of pancreatic necrosis in patients with AP.

Patients and methods
We carried out a post-hoc analysis of a previously established multicentre cohort of patients with AP in whom a computed tomography was available for review. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records. All computed tomographies were revised by the same expert radiologist. The impact of aetiology on pancreatic and EXPN was calculated.

Results
In total, 159 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were identified from a cohort of 285 patients. The most frequent aetiologies were biliary (105 patients, 37%), followed by alcohol (102 patients, 36%) and other aetiologies including idiopathic (78 patients, 27%). No relationship was found between the aetiology and the presence of pancreatic necrosis, EXPN, location of pancreatic necrosis or presence of collections.

Conclusion
We found no association between the aetiology of AP and the presence, extent and anatomical location of pancreatic necrosis.