bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Modification and Neural Tissue Culture of Thin Film Electrode Materials
Authors: Thanawala Sachin , Khan Saida. P. , Palyvoda Olena , Georgiev Daniel. G. , AlHomoudi Ibrahim A. , Newaz Golam , Auner Gregory 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGood interfaces between electrodes and neural tissue are very important in chronicin vivostimulation/recording. In order to study the effect of electrode materials and surface structure on neural interfaces, we cultured neurons on thin films of electrode materials that are expected to be biocompatible, such as platinum, and iridium oxide.We used both flat film surfaces and laser micro-structured ones. The laser micro-structuring consisted of creating regular arrays of micro-bumps with height of about 1μm and diameter of 2-3 microns. We have found conditions for fabrication of such micro-bumps on platinum and iridium thin films on borosilicate glass substrate (Pyrex 7740) by mask-projection irradiation with single nano-second pulses from a KrF excimer laser (λ=248nm). Laser micro-structured iridium films were coated with IrO2by pulsed DC reactive sputtering to obtain micro-structured IrO2films. Two types of iridium oxide films were studied: amorphous (reactively sputtered at room substrate temperature) and polycrystalline (reactively sputtered at 300°C).Cortical neurons isolated from rat embryo brain were cultured onto these thin film surfaces. Cells were more than 98% viable as determined by trypan blue exclusion tests. Poly-D-Lysine coated surfaces were used as positive controls for cell. Regular optical and fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to image the cells after they were cultured. To differentiate between live and dead cells a viability test with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide was carried out. Also, immunocytochemistry analysis of neuron cells was performed using antibody for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) staining. A qualitative and quantitative comparison was carried out between the different types of modified electrode surfaces to study the neuronal growth in order to explore the feasibility of micro-bumps as stimulating/recording neural interfaces. These results are intended for use in optimization of future electrical stimulation/recording experiments that we plan to carry out.
Energetic Neutral Atom Beam Lithography/Epitaxy for Nanoscale Device Fabrication
Authors: Akhadov Elshan A. , Mueller Alexander H. , Hoffbauer Mark A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnergetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE) is a versatile technique recently developed for patterning nanoscale features into polymer substrates. ENABLE achieves the direct activation of surface chemical reactions by exposing substrates to a beam of energetic neutral atoms. Polymers that form volatile oxidation products may be anisotropically etched using a neutral beam of oxygen atoms at rates exceeding 100 nm/min, avoiding problems associated with charged species inherent to other etching techniques. We report on a top-down approach for producing high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures in polymeric materials using ENABLE. Masking techniques suitable for ENABLE etching are discussed along with applications involving the rapid production of nanoscale features over large areas.
Low Temperature MEMS Manufacturing Processes: Plasma Activated Wafer Bonding
Authors: Dragoi Viorel , Farrens Sharon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a new technology: low temperature plasma activated wafer bonding. In this process, the wafers are submitted to a plasma treatment prior to bringing them into contact for bonding. The surface activation allows process temperatures ranging from room temperature to maximum 400°C. For Si direct bonding using plasma activation the Si bulk fracture strength is reached after a thermal annealing of 1 hour at 300°C, much lower than the annealing temperature used for the standard process without plasma activation (∼1100°C). Experimental results illustrating the main benefits of the process are presented. The process was successfully applied also for bonding other materials than silicon.
A replacement family-group name among fossil Neuroptera (Insecta)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Nel André 
Published: April 2017

The nomenclature of the enigmatic fossil family Rafaelidae is summarized and its status as a nomen invalidum requiring replacement is recognized, due to homonymy of its type genus, Rafaelia Nel et al. (nec Rafaelia Townsend). The replacement family-group name is made available as Rafaelianidae Engel & Nel, new name, based on the type genus Rafaeliana Nel et al., which is itself a former replacement for the junior Rafaelia.
Current perspectives of enteric fever: a hospital based study of 185 culture positive cases from Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Jeeyani Hetal N. , Mod Harsh K. , Tolani Jayshree N. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Enteric fever is endemic in Ahmedabad and its diagnosis and treatment is fraught with problems. The last two decades have seen a change in clinical pattern of enteric fever with emergence of multi drug resistant strains. Hence, the study was carried out with the aims to study the clinical profile, hematological features, sensitivity pattern, response to antimicrobials and outcome of culture proven enteric fever.Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Ahmedabad, India from January 2014 to December 2016.Results: Out of the 185 study patients, 35.8 % were less than 5 years of age. Of the total 185 isolates, 160 (86.4%) were Salmonella typhi while 25 (13.6%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Following sensitivity patterns were recorded: cotrimoxazole (93%), chloramphenicol (93%), ampicillin (96.2%), nalidixic acid (98.4%), cephalosporins (100%) and azithromycin (70.8%). Leukocytosis was seen in significant number of patients less than 5 years of age as compared to more than 5 years. 91.9% patients were treated by ceftriaxone as a monotherapy with defervescence time of 3.8 days and no mortality.Conclusions: Effective vaccination strategy targeting children less than 5 years can decrease the burden of this disease. Presence of fever without focus and leukocytosis in less than 5 years suggests possibility of enteric fever. Salmonella have once again become sensitive to first line antibiotics like ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. There is a good rate of sensitivity to nalidixic acid but high rate of resistance against azithromycin in this part of the country. Ceftriaxone as a monotherapy is quite effective in the treatment.
Cranial ultrasound in detection of neurological lesions in preterm neonates in a tertiary center in North Kerala, India
Authors: M. K. Kavya , K. V. Radhamani , P. Mahesh 
Published: April 2017

Background: Incomplete formation and maturation of the central nervous system makes it extremely vulnerable to injury, in the case of premature neonates. This can result in a broad range of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the early detection of these. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of neurosonological abnormality in preterm infants. The aims of the study were to identify and enumerate the neurosonographic features, to assess the severity of brain injuries by grading the neurosonographic findings and to correlate the clinical presentations with the neurosonographic findings.Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pariyaram Medical College. It consisted of all preterm neonates (less than 37 weeks of gestational age) referred to the Radiology department. The initial scan will be done as soon as possible (within 2 weeks of birth) followed by a repeat scan of the same infants at 36 weeks of corrected age, and at 8weeks post-partum.Results: A total of 100 neonates with gestational age varying from 29 to 37 weeks were studied, with the birth weight varying from 1.5 to 1.9 kg. The most common abnormality found on neurosonogram was germinal-matrix haemorrhage, followed by periventricular leukomalacia.Conclusions: Real time sonography is a sensitive non-invasive initial investigation for the detection of various brain lesions in the preterm neonates.
Cirugía resectiva de epilepsia lesional focal: Estudio en pacientes adultos del Seguro Social del Perú.
Authors: Barreto-Acevedo Elliot , Villafuerte-Espinoza Mirla , Becerra-Zegarra Alicia , Díaz-Vásquez Alberto , Hernández-Vizarreta José , Llaja-Rojas Victoria 
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Reportar la experiencia en cirugía resectiva en una serie de pacientes adultos con epilepsia focal lesional tratados en un hospital del Seguro Social del Perú. Material y Métodos: Se revisó la información registrada en la Unidad de Epilepsia de Adultos del Hospital Rebagliati, en Lima, desde enero del 2012 hasta octubre del 2016, sobre características clínicas, electrográficas, de neuroimagen y quirúrgicas de todos los pacientes con epilepsia focal lesional farmacorresistente, en los cuales se efectuó cirugía resectiva de epilepsia. La eficacia del procedimiento fue valorada mediante la Escala de Engel. Resultados: Se describen los resultados de cinco pacientes,proveyéndose información pertinente respecto a historia de la enfermedad, diagnósticos precisos, procedimientos quirúrgicos, seguimiento y complicaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas. Conclusiones: La cirugía de epilepsia resectiva, basadaen un trabajo multidisciplinario es reportada por primera vez en esta pequeña serie, demuestra ser eficaz y segura en adultos con epilepsia refractaria tratados en el Seguro Social del Perú.
Manejo de primera crisis afebril:Importancia del enfoque clínico
Authors: Toro-Pérez Juan Enrique , Custodio Nilton 
Published: April 2017

Una crisis epiléptica es un evento traumático físico como psicológico que plantea dificultades en el diagnóstico y muchas interrogantes para el tratamiento agudo y en el largo plazo. La recurrencia de una crisis epilépticaorigina aún más serios y costosos problemas en la vida personal, familiar y laboral del individuo afectado. En estas circunstancias, un correcto abordaje del manejo de individuos con una primera crisis afebril debe ser una prioridad de los sistemas de salud con el objetivo fundamental de prevención de recurrencias. La elección de un fármaco antiepiléptico va a depender de una detallada anamnesis del evento clínico y de la información proveniente de estudios o tests neurofisiológicos y por exámenes de imágenes cerebrales.
Aspectos clínicos del trastorno obsesivocompulsivo y trastornos relacionados.
Authors: Lozano-Vargas Antonio 
Published: April 2017

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una condición clínica heterogénea que presenta una prevalencia del 2% y causa una gran disfuncionalidad. Se han descrito cuatro dimensiones clínicas en esta entidad: simetría/orden, contaminación/lavado, acumulación y sexual/religiosa/agresión. Presenta una amplia comorbilidad y existe evidencia de diferencias neurobiológicas entre el TOC y los trastornos de ansiedad. El DSM-5 y la CIE-11 reconocen que la psicopatología nuclear en el TOC y trastornos relacionados es la compulsión y no la ansiedad. Se discute la posibilidad de añadir otros especificadores clínicos y se formula la esperanza de que sistemas como el Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), estudios dimensionales y la integración de diversas áreas de investigaciónmarquen un futuro promisorio para estos y otros trastornos psiquiátricos.
Sindrome de Joubert asociado a malformación de Dandy-Walker en un paciente pediátrico: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Álvarez-Sanz Ana M. , Cabanillas-Burgos Lizeth Y. , Huamani-Condori Ximena P. 
Published: April 2017

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 10 meses de edad que desde el nacimiento experimentó apnea e hiperpnea, hipotonía y nistagmus. Durante sus primeros meses de vida presentó además insuficiencia renal, retraso psicomotor e infecciones severas. Se diagnosticó de síndrome de Joubert asociado a malformación de Dandy-Walker y en la prueba de resonancia magnética se observó el típico signo de “Diente Molar” característicamente asociado al quiste. La asociación infrecuente de este tipo de malformaciones cerebrales agrava ciertamente el pronóstico del cuadro original.
Affine Transformation Based Ontology Sparse Vector Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Linli , Pan Yu , Wang Jiangtao 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In information science and other engineering applications, ontology plays an irreplaceable role to find the intrinsic semantic link between concepts and to determine the similarity score returned to the user. Ontology mapping aims to excavate the intrinsic semantic relationship between concepts from different ontologies, and the essence of these applications is similarity computation. In this article, we propose the new ontology sparse vector approximation algorithms based on the affine transformation tricks. By means of these techniques, we study the equivalent form of ontology dual problem and determine its feasible set. The simulation experiments imply that our new proposed ontology algorithm has high efficiency and accuracy in ontology similarity computation and ontology mapping in biology, chemical and related fields.
Partial Resurfacing of the Knee with the BioPoly Implant
Authors: Nathwani Dinesh , McNicholas Michael , Hart Alister , Miles Jonathan , Bobić Vladimir 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Current treatments for focal chondral and osteochondral lesions of the femoral condyle have been associated with variable outcomes. We conducted a clinical trial of the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant to address this unmet need.

Methods:
We performed a single-arm, prospective study in which 33 patients with focal cartilage lesions affecting the femoral condyle were managed with the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scores, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component score , and the Tegner activity score were used to assess outcomes preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. The KOOS outcomes at 2 years were compared with historical outcomes following microfracture treatment.

Results:
We found significant and clinically meaningful improvements in the KOOS scores, VAS pain score, and SF-36 physical component score (p < 0.025) when the values at all 3 postoperative time points were compared with the preoperative scores, and we also found significant improvements when the Tegner activity score at 2 years was compared with the preoperative score (p < 0.025). More than half of the cohort of patients had had a previous failure of cartilage-repair procedures. No significant differences were detected between younger patients (≤40 years) and older patients (>40 years). When compared with historical microfracture data, the BioPoly RS Implant demonstrated significantly superior KOOS scores for quality of life and sports.

Conclusions:
The present study indicated that the BioPoly RS Partial Resurfacing Knee Implant is safe, that it resulted in significantly improved knee function by 6 months, and that this improvement was sustained for 2 years regardless of patient age. The BioPoly RS Knee Implant allows return to a higher level of sporting activity than microfracture. Additional long-term follow-up is needed to determine the long-term effects of the device.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Deep Banding Increases Phosphorus Removal by Soybean Grown under No‐Tillage Production Systems
Authors: Hansel Fernando D. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Rosso Luiz H. M. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Deep band P is a potential strategy to reduce P losses by runoff.
Deep band P improve soil fertility in subsurface in no‐till system.
Greater amount of P removed with grain compared to the total P input.
Phosphorus fertilizer placement can have significant agronomic and environmental implications in long‐term no‐till (NT) systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response to P fertilizer placement strategies under long‐term NT management. A field study was performed near Nao‐Me‐Toque‐RS (Location 1) and Sao Sepe‐RS (Location 2), southern Brazil, during the 2014/2015 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Triple superphosphate was applied using five strategies: (i) strip tillage with deep band (ST‐DB); (ii) strip tillage with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (ST‐B); (iii) no‐till with broadcast (NT‐BR); (iv) no‐till with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (NT‐B); (v) and no‐till with surface band (NT‐SB). Plant height, dry weight, and P uptake were evaluated at 20, 40, 60, and 80 d after emergence (DAE) as well as P removed and grain yield at harvest. The ST‐B application promoted greater plant height, dry weight, and P uptake at 80 DAE. However, ST‐DB showed the greatest P removal compared to other treatments. Also, greater yields were obtained for ST‐DB and NT‐BR. Soil sampling after harvest showed that ST‐DB increased soil test P levels by 19 and 11% at the 15‐ to 25‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. While NT‐BR increased soil test P by 43 and 36% at the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer for Locations 1 and 2, respectively. Deep band P fertilizer placement maintained or increased soybean yield and P use under long‐term NT in tropical soils.
Coal‐Bed Methane Water: Effects on Soil Properties and Camelina Productivity
Authors: Sintim Henry Y. , Zheljazkov Valtcho D. , Foley Michael E. , Evangelista Roque L. 
Published: April 2017

Every year, the production of coal‐bed natural gas in the Powder River Basin results in the discharge of large amounts of coal‐bed methane water (CBMW) in Wyoming; however, no sustainable disposal methods for CBMW are currently available. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the potential to use CBMW as a source of irrigation water for camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]. We assessed the effects of three CBMW concentrations (0% [1:0], 50% [1:1], and 100% [0:1] tap water to CBMW) on selected soil properties, growth, seed oil, and fatty acid composition of three camelina cultivars: Blaine Creek, Ligena, and Pronghorn. The 100% CBMW reduced seed and estimated biofuel yields by 24 and 23%, respectively, but increased the oil content by 3%, relative to the control. Additionally, the 100% CBMW visibly affected soil through formation of surface crust due to elevated levels of sodium (653 mg Na kg−1). The 50% CBMW had no significant effects on the seed yield, estimated biofuel yield, and oil content, but the soil Na levels were still high (464 mg kg−1), which could pose a long‐term impact on soil structure. The CBMW tended to reduce the total saturated fatty acid, but it had no significant effects on the total monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids of camelina seeds. Overall, CBMW diluted with an equal amount of good‐quality water could be used to irrigate camelina in the short term. Afterward, only good‐quality water would have to be used until the accumulated dissolved solids are flushed out.Core Ideas
Unsustainable disposal methods for coal‐bed methane water (CBMW) is a major problem.
Irrigation with 100% CBMW reduced camelina yield and affected soil structure.
Irrigation with 1:1 tap water to CBMW had minimal effects on camelina and soil structure.
1:1 tap water to CBMW could be used to irrigate camelina in the short term.
There was evidence of Na uptake, but it was at a low level (28 mg Na kg−1).
Eleven Years' Effect of Conservation Practices for Temperate Sandy Loams: I. Soil Physical Properties and Topsoil Carbon Content
Authors: Abdollahi Lotfollah , Getahun Gizachew Tarekegn , Munkholm Lars Juhl 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Moldboard plowing decreased VESS score and soil penetration resistance.
Reduced tillage combined with residue retention enhanced soil structural stability.
Residue retention alleviated unfavorable soil structure effects of reduced tillage.
Clay and SOC were confirmed as key factors affecting soil structure.
Combining minimal soil disturbance and residue retention improved soil structure.
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been suggested as a means of making intensification of agriculture sustainable. The purpose of this study was to understand and quantify long‐term individual and combined effects of key conservation practices on soil physical properties and topsoil C content. Field experiments were conducted in 11‐ to 12‐yr‐old experiments on two Danish sandy loams at Foulum and Flakkebjerg. Three crop rotations/residue management treatments were compared and tillage was included as a split‐plot factor. The tillage systems were moldboard plowing to a depth of 20 cm (MP), direct drilling (D) and harrowing to a depth of 8 to 10 cm (H). Soil sampling and in‐field measurements were performed in autumn 2013 and spring 2014. In the field, soil structure was visually evaluated and penetration resistance (PR) measured. Soil C, wet stability (clay dispersion and wet aggregate stability), and soil strength were determined in the laboratory. The MP soil had a uniform soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth of topsoil, whereas H and D resulted in SOC accumulation near the soil surface. Plowing resulted in the best visually assessed topsoil structure and had the lowest PR. However, H and D in combination with residue retention gave the best structural stability. Residue retention alleviated negative effects of reduced tillage on PR and improved wet stability in the MP treatment at the Foulum site. Clay and SOC correlated well with soil physical parameters, confirming their important role in soil structure formation and stabilization. Our study showed benefits of combining key CA elements, although longer‐term studies are most likely needed to reveal the full potential.
Late‐Fall, Winter and Spring Broadcast Applications of Urea to No‐Till Winter Wheat I. Ammonia Loss and Mitigation by NBPT
Authors: Engel Richard , Jones Clain , Romero Carlos , Wallander Rosie 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Urea volatility was greater following late‐fall and winter applications to cold soils compared with spring applications to warmer soils.
NBPT reduced cumulative NH3 loss from urea by 66%.
Urea applications in the late‐fall and winter resulted in prolonged periods of NH3 flux.
Surface urea applications in the late‐fall, winter, or early‐spring are common in Montana, but N applied at these timings is susceptible to volatilization. This study was conducted to quantify and contrast ammonia (NH3) loss from urea and urea plus N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) following late‐fall, winter, and spring applications (100 kg N ha–1). Experiments were run over 3 yr in farmer‐cooperator fields (>60 ha) under no‐till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–chemical fallow management. Ammonia emissions were quantified by the integrated horizontal flux method with samplers placed on a mast in the center of circular plots (20‐m radius). Prolonged periods of modest NH3 flux (≤33 g N ha–1 h–1) were found following late‐fall (87–106 d) and winter (48–62 d) urea applications before flux fell to nominal levels (≤3 g N ha–1 h–1). In contrast, NH3 flux following spring urea was generally lower in intensity (≤7 g N ha–1 h–1) and shorter in duration (14–30 d). Cumulative NH3 loss (% applied N) from urea was greater (P < 0.05) for late‐fall (16.4%) and winter (11.4%) than for spring (2.0%) applications. The weather pattern of light (≤6 mm), scattered precipitation events from December throught March vs. larger precipitation events (≥12 mm) in April and May was an important factor which helped explained this response. Addition of NBPT (1 g kg–1) to urea reduced cumulative NH3 loss by 65.6%. Urea applications during the over‐winter period (December–March) should be avoided, in favor of spring applications to minimize NH3 loss.