bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How trust moderates social media engagement and brand equity
Authors: Chahal Hardeep , Rani Anu 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to develop and measure customer engagement scale in context to social media (SM); second, to elucidate the variables that impact customers’ brand engagement on SM and its impact in building customer-based brand equity; and finally, to examine the moderating role of trust in SM brand engagement and brand equity relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 767 SM users working in multinational corporations of Gurgaon city, using purposive sampling technique. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were undertaken to analyze the data.FindingsThe paper outcomes indicated SM brand engagement as a bi-dimensional construct comprising information interest and personal interest. Both social factors and consumer-based factors significantly influence customers’ SM brand engagement. Specifically, results depicted that tie-strength and social identity (social factors); and opportunity seeking and product selection (consumer-based factors) strongly influence customers’ SM brand engagement in comparison to other factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has two major limitations. First, it is limited to Gen Y only. How older and younger consumers interact with brands via SM can stimulate theoretical development as well as furnish potentially valuable strategic opportunities to brand managers in future research. Second, relationship between SM brand engagement and brand equity is examined using trust as a moderating variable. Thus, the effect of other moderating factors like perceived risk and gender can be investigated in the future.Originality/valueThe paper makes a maiden attempt to examine the moderating role of trust in the relationship between SM brand engagement and brand equity. It adds value to the marketing literature in the development of SM brand engagement scale for Gen Y.
Long‐term video surveillance and automated analyses reveal arousal patterns in groups of hibernating bats
Authors: Hayman David T. S. , Cryan Paul M. , Fricker Paul D. , Dannemiller Nicholas G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Understanding natural behaviours is essential to determining how animals deal with new threats (e.g. emerging diseases). However, natural behaviours of animals with cryptic lifestyles, like hibernating bats, are often poorly characterized. White‐nose syndrome (WNS) is an unprecedented disease threatening multiple species of hibernating bats, and pathogen‐induced changes to host behaviour may contribute to mortality. To better understand the behaviours of hibernating bats and how they might relate to WNS, we developed new ways of studying hibernation across entire seasons.

We used thermal‐imaging video surveillance cameras to observe little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and Indiana bats (M. sodalis) in two caves over multiple winters. We developed new, sharable software to test for autocorrelation and periodicity of arousal signals in recorded video.

We processed 740 days (17,760 hr) of video at a rate of >1,000 hr of video imagery in less than 1 hr using a desktop computer with sufficient resolution to detect increases in arousals during midwinter in both species and clear signals of daily arousal periodicity in infected M. sodalis.

Our unexpected finding of periodic synchronous group arousals in hibernating bats demonstrate the potential for video methods and suggest some bats may have innate behavioural strategies for coping with WNS. Surveillance video and accessible analysis software make it now practical to investigate long‐term behaviours of hibernating bats and other hard‐to‐study animals.
The association of QT interval components with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Patel Nikhil , O'Neal Wesley T. , Whalen S. Patrick , Soliman Elsayed Z. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAlthough abnormalities of the QT interval are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), it is unclear whether ventricular depolarization (QRS duration) or repolarization (JT interval) is a more important marker of AF risk.MethodsThis analysis included 4,181 (95% white; 59% women) participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of baseline AF and major intraventricular delay. A linear scale was used to compute heart rate adjusted QT (QTa), QRS (QRSa), and JT (JTa) intervals. Prolonged QTa, QRSa, and JTa were defined by values greater than the sex‐specific 95th percentile for each measurement. AF events were ascertained during the annual study electrocardiograms and from hospitalization discharge data. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of prolonged QTa, QRSa, and JTa with AF, separately.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 12.1 years, a total of 1,236 (30%) AF events were detected. An increased risk of AF (HR = 1.50. 95% CI = 1.20, 1.88) was observed with prolonged QTa. When we examined the association between individual components of the QTa interval and AF, the risk of AF was limited to prolonged JTa (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.65) and not prolonged QRSa (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.30). Similar results were obtained per 1‐SD increase in QTa (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.13), QRSa (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.06), and JTa (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.13).ConclusionsThe JT interval is a more important marker of AF risk in the QT interval among persons who do not have ventricular conduction delays.
In silico‐designed novel non‐peptidic ABAD LD hot spot mimetics reverse Aβ‐induced mitochondrial impairments in vitro
Authors: Viswanath Ambily Nath Indu , Kim TaeHun , Jung Seo Yun , Lim Sang Min , Pae Ae Nim 
Published: June 2017

Present work aimed to introduce non‐peptidic ABAD loop D (LD) hot spot mimetics as ABAD‐Aβ inhibitors. A full‐length atomistic model of ABAD‐Aβ complex was built as a scaffold to launch the lead design and its topology later verified by cross‐checking the computational mutagenesis results with that of in vitro data. Thereafter, the interactions of prime Aβ‐binding LD residues—Tyr101, Thr108, and Thr110—were translated into specific pharmacophore features and this hypothesis subsequently used as a virtual screen query. ELISA‐based screening of 20 hits identified two promising lead candidates, VC15 and VC19 with an IC50 of 4.4 ± 0.3 and 9.6 ± 0.1 μm, respectively. They productively reversed Aβ‐induced mitochondrial dysfunctions such as mitochondrial membrane potential loss (JC‐1 assay), toxicity (MTT assay), and ATP reduction (ATP assay) in addition to increased cell viabilities. This is the first reporting of LD hot spot‐centric in silico scheme to discover novel compounds with promising ABAD‐Aβ inhibitory potential. These chemotypes are proposed for further structural optimization to derive novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics.
Revisiting Young Children's Understanding of the Psychological Causes of Behavior
Authors: Miller Patricia H. , Aloise‐Young Patricia A. 
Published: June 2017

In 1989, Miller and Aloise challenged the prevailing belief that preschoolers tend to explain others' behavior in terms of external events or a person's physical attributes and have little understanding of psychological causes. That review documented preschoolers' understanding of, and even preference for, psychological causes as part of an emerging renaissance in developmental social‐cognitive research. The present, updated review (97 articles, participant ages 3 months to 6 years) suggests the emergence of a transformative new perspective in which social‐cognition is balanced between social and cognitive aspects rather than tilted toward cognition. Recent research on infants' awareness of mental states, young children's understanding of social categories and their judgments of the trustworthiness of informants, and cultural context reveals various ways in which preschoolers' social‐causal reasoning is social.
Effect of annealing atmosphere on leakage and dielectric characteristics of multiferroic gallium ferrite
Authors: Singh Vijay , Daryapurkar Aatish , Rajput Shailendra S. , Mukherjee Somdutta , Garg Ashish , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutliferroic and magnetoelectric gallium ferrite (GaFeO3) is plagued by substantial electrical leakage in polycrystalline form. Here, we report on understanding the conduction mechanism in gallium ferrite ceramic samples vis‐à‐vis processing conditions. The results show that oxygen annealed samples exhibit minimum electrical leakage as compared to air or nitrogen annealed samples suggesting the role of oxy3gen vacancies on electrical conduction. Detailed time and temperature‐dependent impedance spectroscopy analysis of the samples showed higher activation energy of conduction in oxygen annealed samples than in air or nitrogen annealed samples. The lower activation energies of 0.3‐0.4 eV in nitrogen/air annealed samples were attributed to higher oxygen vacancy concentration while oxygen annealed samples with low oxygen vacancy concentration exhibited higher activation energy of ~0.50 eV (high frequency, i.e., grain) and 0.98 eV (low frequency, i.e., grain boundary), latter due to superior level of oxygenation at the grain boundaries. Further, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen vacancies are compensated by the valence fluctuation between Fe2+/Fe3+ ions whose extent is higher in air/nitrogen annealed samples than in oxygen annealed samples. The conduction mechanisms that could be active are most likely to be double ionization of oxygen vacancies and hopping from Fe2+ to Fe3+ states, latter especially in oxygen deficient samples.
Expression of miR‐18a and miR‐34c in circulating monocytes associated with vulnerability to type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance
Authors: Wang Si‐Si , Li Yong‐Qiang , Liang Ying‐Zhi , Dong Jing , He Yan , Zhang Ling , Yan Yu‐Xiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChronic stress may facilitate the development of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MiR‐18a and miR‐34c modulate central cell responsiveness to stress by targeting glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) mRNA, which are important regulators of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This study explored the relationship between T2DM/IR and expression of miR‐18a and miR‐34c in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in an occupational sample. Three groups of study subjects were involved, including T2DM patients, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) individuals and healthy controls. The degree of IR was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). The expression of miR‐18a and miR‐34c in PBMCs was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Expression levels of miR‐18a and miR‐34c were significantly correlated with cortisol, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (P < 0.05). The increased levels of miR‐18a were associated with risk of T2DM (adjusted OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25–1.75, P < 0.001) and IFG (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09–1.63, P = 0.005). By contrast, the decreased levels of miR‐34c were associated with risk of T2DM (adjusted OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75–0.88, P < 0.001) and IFG (adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, miR‐18a and miR‐34c were independent positive and negative predictors of HOMA‐IR, respectively (P < 0.001). The miRNA panel with the two miRNAs demonstrated high accuracy in the diagnosis of T2DM (AUC = 0.851, 95% CI: 0.786–0.800, P < 0.001). MiR‐18a and miR‐34c in PBMCs may be important marker of stress reaction and may play a role in vulnerability to T2DM as well as IR.
CD11b promotes the differentiation of osteoclasts induced by RANKL through the spleen tyrosine kinase signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Guoxi , Chen Xiaoyong , Yan Zhao , Zhu Qingsheng , Yang Chongfei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMacrophage surface antigen‐1 (Mac‐1, CD11b/CD18) has been implicated in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. In the synovial tissues of patients with aseptic loosening after total hip replacement, CD11b was up‐regulated, which indicated that CD11b is closely involved in osteolysis around the prosthesis. We found that CD11b, but not CD18, promoted osteoclast (OC) maturation. Here, we show CD11b up‐regulated the levels of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic‐1 (NFATc1), as well as the activity of extracellular‐regulated kinase (Erk), and as a result, osteoclast precursors (OCPs) differentiated and became tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive. In addition, increased tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induced by ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles up‐regulated the level of CD11b. Taken together, these findings suggest that CD11b is a positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis and that it functions by activating the Syk signalling pathway, while CD18 does not have the same effect.
Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait‐list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single‐incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Roos Carlijn , van der Oord Saskia , Zijlstra Bonne , Lucassen Sacha , Perrin Sean , Emmelkamp Paul , de Jongh Ad 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPractice guidelines for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend trauma‐focused psychotherapies, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a brief trauma‐focused, evidence‐based treatment forPTSDin adults, but with few well‐designed trials involving children and adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blind, randomized trial with three arms (n = 103):EMDR(n = 43), Cognitive Behavior Writing Therapy (CBWT;n = 42), and wait‐list (WL;n = 18).WLparticipants were randomly reallocated toCBWTorEMDRafter 6 weeks; follow‐ups were conducted at 3 and 12 months posttreatment. Participants were treatment‐seeking youth (aged 8–18 years) with aDSM‐IVdiagnosis ofPTSD(or subthresholdPTSD) tied to a single trauma, who received up to six sessions ofEMDRorCBWTlasting maximally 45 min each.ResultsBoth treatments were well‐tolerated and relative toWLyielded large, intent‐to‐treat effect sizes for the primary outcomes at posttreatment:PTSDsymptoms (EMDR:d = 1.27;CBWT:d = 1.24). At posttreatment 92.5% ofEMDR, and 90.2% ofCBWTno longer met the diagnostic criteria forPTSD. All gains were maintained at follow‐up. Compared toWL, small to large (ranged = 0.39–1.03) intent‐to‐treat effect sizes were obtained at posttreatment for negative trauma‐related appraisals, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems with these gains being maintained at follow‐up. Gains were attained with significantly less therapist contact time forEMDRthanCBWT(mean = 4.1 sessions/140 min vs. 5.4 sessions/227 min).ConclusionsEMDRandCBWTare brief, trauma‐focused treatments that yielded equally large remission rates forPTSDand reductions in the severity ofPTSDand comorbid difficulties in children and adolescents seeking treatment forPTSDtied to a single event. Further trials of both treatments withPTSDtied to multiple traumas are warranted.
Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Equine Nasopharyngeal and Guttural Pouch Wash Samples
Authors: Boyle A.G. , Rankin S.C. , Duffee L.A. , Morris D. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as a cause of nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. Studies that examine the nasopharynx and guttural pouches of the horse as carriage sites for MRSA have not been reported.Hypothesis/ObjectiveMRSA colonizes the nasopharynx and guttural pouch of horses. To determine the prevalence of MRSA in equine nasopharyngeal wash (NPW) and guttural pouch lavage (GPL) samples in a field population of horses.SamplesOne hundred seventy‐eight samples (123 NPW and 55 GPL) from 108 horses.MethodsProspective study. Samples were collected from a convenience population of clinically ill horses with suspected Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) infection, horses convalescing from a known S. equi infection, and asymptomatic horses undergoing S. equi screening. Samples were submitted for S. aureus aerobic bacterial culture with mannitol salt broth and two selective agars (cefoxitin CHROMagar as the PBP2a inducer and mannitol salt agar with oxacillin). Biochemical identification of Staphylococcus species and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), to determine clonal relationships between isolates, were performed.ResultsMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) was isolated from the nasopharynx of 7/108 (4%) horses. Three horses had MRSA (2.7%), and 4 had MR‐Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). MRSA was isolated from horses on the same farm. PFGE revealed the 3 MRSA as USA 500 strains.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSampling the nasopharynx and guttural pouch of community‐based horses revealed a similarly low prevalence rate of MRSA as other studies sampling the nares of community‐based horses. More study is required to determine the need for sampling multiple anatomic sites when screening horses for MRSA.
Chemical and oxygen isotopic properties of ordinary chondrites (H5, L6) from Oman: Signs of isotopic equilibrium during thermal metamorphism
Authors: Ali Arshad , Nasir Sobhi J. , Jabeen Iffat , Al Rawas Ahmed , Banerjee Neil R. , Osinski Gordon R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMean bulk chemical data of recently found H5 and L6 ordinary chondrites from the deserts of Oman generally reflect isochemical features which are consistent with the progressive thermal metamorphism of a common, unequilibrated starting material. Relative differences in abundances range from 0.5–10% in REE (Eu = 14%), 6–13% in siderophile elements (Co = 48%), and >10% in lithophile elements (exceptions are Ba, Sr, Zr, Hf, U = >30%) between H5 and L6 groups. These differences may have accounted for variable temperature conditions during metamorphism on their parent bodies. The CI/Mg‐normalized mean abundances of refractory lithophile elements (Al, Ca, Sm, Yb, Lu, V) show no resolvable differences between H5 and L6 suggesting that both groups have experienced the same fractionation. The REE diagram shows subtle enrichment in LREE with a flat HREE pattern. Furthermore, overall mean REE abundances are ~0.6 × CI with enriched La abundance (~0.9 × CI) in both groups. Precise oxygen isotope compositions demonstrate the attainment of isotopic equilibrium by progressive thermal metamorphism following a mass‐dependent isotope fractionation trend. Both groups show a ~slope‐1/2 line on a three‐isotope plot with subtle negative deviation in ∆17O associated with δ18O enrichment relative to δ17O. These deviations are interpreted as the result of liberation of water from phyllosilicates and evaporation of a fraction of the water during thermal metamorphism. The resultant isotope fractionations caused by the water loss are analogous to those occurring between silicate melt and gas phase during CAI and chondrule formation in chondrites and are controlled by cooling rates and exchange efficiency.
Centre‐level variation in behaviour and the predictors of behaviour in 5‐year‐old children with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip: The Cleft Care UK study. Part 5
Authors: Waylen A. , Mahmoud O. , Wills A. K. , Sell D. , Sandy J. R. , Ness A. R. 
Published: June 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe child behavioural and psychosocial outcomes associated with appearance and speech in the Cleft Care UK (CCUK) study. We also wanted to explore centre‐level variation in child outcomes and investigate individual predictors of such outcomes.Setting and sample populationTwo hundred and sixty‐eight five‐year‐old children with non‐syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) recruited to CCUK.Materials and methodsParents completed the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and reported their own perceptions of the child's self‐confidence. Child facial appearance and symmetry were assessed using photographs, and intelligibility of speech was derived from audio‐visual speech recordings. Centre‐level variation in behavioural and psychosocial outcomes was examined using hierarchical models, and associations with clinical outcomes were examined using logit regression models.ResultsChildren with UCLP had a higher hyperactive difficulty score than the general population. For boys, the average score was 4.5 vs 4.1 (P=.03), and for girls, the average score was 3.8 vs 3.1 (P=.008). There was no evidence of centre‐level variation for behaviour or parental perceptions of the child's self‐confidence. There is no evidence of associations between self‐confidence and SDQ scores and either facial appearance or behaviour.ConclusionsChildren born with UCLP have higher levels of behaviour problems than the general population.
A Cognitive Perspective on Policy Implementation: Reform Beliefs, Sensemaking, and Social Networks
Authors: Siciliano Michael D. , Moolenaar Nienke M. , Daly Alan J. , Liou Yi‐Hwa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUtilizing a cognitive perspective, this article examines the social processes through which teachers come to understand the Common Core State Standards. The authors begin by identifying three beliefs that have important implications for policy implementation: self‐efficacy, resource adequacy, and value for clients. They measure those beliefs and the Common Core discussion networks that emerge among teachers at three points in time. Through the use of SIENA models, the authors explore how networks and beliefs coevolve within schools. Unlike prior research on social networks, which consistently finds strong homophilous tendencies, this research finds no evidence that teachers seek out coworkers who hold similar beliefs. Rather, teachers relied on preexisting formal and informal relationships to guide interactions. Those interactions were characterized by social influence, whereby a teacher's own beliefs adapted toward the beliefs held by the members of their social network. The findings offer a novel perspective on the complex dynamic that occurs within organizations as new policies are unveiled and employees interact with one another to understand the changes those policies entail.
The Levites in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Leuchter Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article provides a summary of the many issues attending the study of the Levites as they appear throughout the Hebrew Bible. The matters of Levite origins, the figure of Moses, the relationship between the Levites and the Aaronide priests, prophecy, kingship, women and Levite status, text production, role in the cult of the Second Temple, and the wisdom tradition are revisited with an evaluation of earlier scholarship and new proposals for understanding these issues and their implications.