bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Physiological Maturation of Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Subtypes in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Miyamae Takeaki , Chen Kehui , Lewis David A. , Gonzalez-Burgos Guillermo 
Published: April 2017

Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons control the timing of pyramidal cell output in cortical neuron networks. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), PV+neuron activity is involved in cognitive function, suggesting that PV+neuron maturation is critical for cognitive development. The two major PV+neuron subtypes found in the PFC, chandelier cells (ChCs) and basket cells (BCs), are thought to play different roles in cortical circuits, but the trajectories of their physiological maturation have not been compared. Using two separate mouse lines, we found that in the mature PFC, both ChCs and BCs are abundant in superficial layer 2, but only BCs are present in deeper laminar locations. This distinctive laminar distribution was observed by postnatal day 12 (P12), when we first identified ChCs by the presence of axon cartridges. Electrophysiology analysis of excitatory synapse development, starting at P12, showed that excitatory drive remains low throughout development in ChCs, but increases rapidly before puberty in BCs, with an earlier time course in deeper-layer BCs. Consistent with a role of excitatory synaptic drive in the maturation of PV+neuron firing properties, the fast-spiking phenotype showed different maturation trajectories between ChCs and BCs, and between superficial versus deep-layer BCs. ChC and BC maturation was nearly completed, via different trajectories, before the onset of puberty. These findings suggest that ChC and BC maturation may contribute differentially to the emergence of cognitive function, primarily during prepubertal development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons tightly control pyramidal cell output. Thus PV+neuron maturation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for cognitive development. However, the relative physiological maturation of the two major subtypes of PV+neurons, chandelier cells (ChCs) and basket cells (BCs), has not been determined. We assessed the maturation of ChCs and BCs in different layers of the mouse PFC, and found that, from early postnatal age, ChCs and BCs differ in laminar location. Excitatory synapses and fast-spiking properties matured before the onset of puberty in both cell types, but following cell type-specific developmental trajectories. Hence, the physiological maturation of ChCs and BCs may contribute to the emergence of cognitive function differentially, and predominantly during prepubertal development.
Health-related quality of life of patients with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulations: a cohort study
Authors: De Bucy Charlotte , Guignat Laurence , Niati Tanya , Bertherat Jérôme , Coste Joel 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveHealth-related quality of life (HrQoL) is increasingly considered to be an important outcome of care for hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of type of HPA axis dysregulation and cortisol status on HrQOL and its evolution with time and treatment.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsBetween September 2007 and April 2014, HrQoL questionnaires were administered during routine management to all patients with HPA axis dysregulation hospitalized in a single department, and this was repeated after 6- 12-, 24- and 36-month during standard follow-up. The Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36) and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) were used simultaneously, with a common time schedule to measure the impact of HPA axis dysregulation on HrQoL. Multivariate mixed linear regression models were constructed to adjust for potential confounders.Results343 patients (206 with Cushing’s syndrome of pituitary origin, 91 with Cushing’s syndrome of adrenal origin and 46 with Addison’s disease) responded to the questionnaires. Overall, HrQoL scores were well below population values. Cushing syndrome of pituitary origin was associated with worse HrQoL, especially in physical dimensions. More than half of the patients, of all diagnoses and cortisol status, had psychological distress requiring attention according to the GHQ-12. Hypercortisolism had the greatest negative influence on HrQoL.ConclusionsHRQoL appears significantly altered by all forms of HPA axis dysregulation, and most substantially and broadly by Cushing’s syndrome, notably during periods of hypercortisolism. These effects on HRQoL deserve further consideration both in clinical practice and research.
SLC25 Family Member Genetic Interactions Identify a Role for HEM25 in Yeast Electron Transport Chain Stability
Authors: Dufay J Noelia , Fernández-Murray J Pedro , McMaster Christopher R 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The SLC25 family member SLC25A38 (Hem25 in yeast) was recently identified as a mitochondrial glycine transporter that provides substrate to initiate heme/hemoglobin synthesis. Mutations in the human SLC25A38 gene cause congenital sideroblastic anemia. The full extent to which SLC25 family members coregulate heme synthesis with other mitochondrial functions is not clear. In this study, we surveyed 29 nonessential SLC25 family members in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for their ability to support growth in the presence and absence of HEM25. Six SLC25 family members were identified that were required for growth or for heme synthesis in cells lacking Hem25 function. Importantly, we determined that loss of function of the SLC25 family member Flx1, which imports FAD into mitochondria, together with loss of function of Hem25, resulted in inability to grow on media that required yeast cells to supply energy using mitochondrial respiration. We report that specific components of complexes of the electron transport chain are decreased in the absence of Flx1 and Hem25 function. In addition, we show that mitochondria from flx1Δ hem25Δ cells contain uncharacterized Cox2-containing high molecular weight aggregates. The functions of Flx1 and Hem25 provide a facile explanation for the decrease in heme level, and in specific electron transport chain complex components.
Evaluation of the perioperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation with veno-venous bypass and without it
Authors: Levit D. A. , Dobrynina N. A. , Chvanov E. A. , Petrishchev Yu. I. , Orlov O. G. , Prudkov M. I. , Klimusheva N. F. , Levit A. L. 
Published: April 2017

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only treatment for many patients with end-stage chronic liver diseases. In patients with complete vena cava inferior (VCI) cross-clamping veno-venous bypass (VVB) is either used or not depending on the indications. The case management of the patient with complete VCI cross-clamping depends on the initial state of the recipient and the transplant team’s opinion.Aim. To compare the perioperative period of OLT depending on the method to conduct the main stage of the surgery: with the use of veno-venous bypass and without it with complete VCI cross-clamping.Materials and methods. In Group 1 (n = 20), OLT was performed without VVB with complete VCI cross-clamping; in Group 2 (n = 26), the surgery was conducted with veno-venous bypass. Patients in both groups were similar in age (46.15 ± 10.22 and 47.3 ± 9.29, respectively), in severity of the disease: Child-Pugh (10.15 ± 1.42 and 10.19 ± 2.45), MELD 16.47 ± 4.41 and 15.8 ± 4.95).Results. We determined and evaluated hemodynamic parameters, oxygen transport, the quantitative and qualitative infusion composition, urine output, characteristics of the postoperative period.Conclusion. Our data show that changes in hemodynamic and oxygen transport are associated with reperfusion syndrome and do not depend on the method of transplantation. At the same time, it reduces the blood loss, time of surgery, and the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and stay in the ICU after liver transplantation in patients without veno-venous bypass.
Reversible pulmonary hypertension in post -renaltransp lantation patient with longst anding arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Zeltyn-Abramov E. M. , Iskhakov R. T. , Artyukhina L. Yu. , Ivanova E. S. , Manchenko O. V. , Belavina N. I. , Tomilina N. A. 
Published: April 2017

Case report of reversible high pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patient with successful kidney transplantation (KT) is presented. The distinction of the case was the functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with excessive blood flow during 15 years in the absence of indications for hemodialysis. Consequently, PH was complicated by serious congestive heart failure (CHF) with high cardiac output. Surgical closure of AVF resulted in complete regression of clinical, instrumental and laboratory signs and symptoms of PH and CHF within 2 weeks. The pathogenic role of excessive AVF blood flow in PH and CHF formation is a point of discussion. Surgical closure of AVF with excessive blood flow is recommended in cases of presence of symptomatic PH and CHF in patients after successful KT.
Quality of Life of related liver donors in the late postoperative period
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Konstantinov V. K. , Khizroev Kh. M. , Monakhov A. R. , Dzhanbekov T. A. , Meshcheryakov S. V. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Quality of life (QoL) is a new promising area of clinical medicine that provides the opportunity to assess the state of health of the patient and to have a notion of the surgery effects based on the parameters which are lying at the intersection of scientific approach of the surgeons and subjective point of view of the patient.Materials and methods. The study included 52 living-related liver fragment donors operated between 2009 and 2014. Donors were surveyed after 2–5 years from the surgery. Comparison group was formed by healthy volunteers, students of the Medical University. The Russian version of the non-specific SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess QoL.Results. Donors in the postoperative period have demonstrated a high level of physical parameter (57.65 ± 3.8). Parameter of psychological health in the postoperative period was (52.01 ± 5.2). These figures are comparable with the results in the comparison group (p > 0.05). All donors have returned to normal life.Conclusions. Overall results of this study were similar to those of the foreign colleagues which confirm the high safety of liver resection surgery and the efficacy of SF-36 questionnaire in the assessment of quality of life of the living-related liver fragment donors.
Investigation on the intracorneal lens material biocompatibility using the model of the corneal stromal cell culture
Authors: Malyugin B. E. , Borzenok S. A. , Mushkova I. A. , Ostrovskiy D. S. , Popov I. A. , Shkandina Yu. V. 
Published: April 2017

Aim. To investigate cell reaction to different materials, potentially suitable for intracorneal lens (ICL) production.Materials and methods. A plane surface (2D) corneal stromal cell culture was performed in the presence of different experimental polymer samples, such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate, oligourethanemethacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate. The dynamics of cell numbers was evaluated over culture time. Conclusion on biocompatibility was made based on obtained data.Results.In each of the experimental groups there was a trend toward a steady increase in the number of cells from the 1st to 6th day of observation, the shapes of the cell growth curves showed no toxicity of materials and their ability not to interfere with cell proliferation. Cell proliferation in the contact to hydroxyethylmethacrylate and oligourethanemethacrylate materials was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the presence of polymethylmethacrylate, which makes a strong case for their preferential usage for implantation into the stroma of the corneal optical area. When comparing the results obtained on the 6th day, the cells in the presence of the implant of hydroxyethylmethacrylate showed significantly less tendency to proliferate, than in the presence of oligourethanemethacrylate (p < 0.001). However, these differences were statistically significant not in all days.Conclusions.The results obtained have shown the absence of toxicity in experimental material samples and their low adhesive properties with respect to the stromal cell culture, thereby confirming its potential suitability for intracorneal implantation.
Phase II Study of Bortezomib in Combination with Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab for Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lee Hun Ju , Romaguera Jorge E. , Feng Lei , Desai Aakash P. , Zhang Liang , Fanale Michelle , Samaniego Felipe , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Fayad Luis E. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Medeiros Jeffrey L. , Hartig Kimberly , Nomie Krystle , Ahmed Makhdum , Badillo Maria , Ye Haige , Oki Yasuhiro , Lin Pei , Nastoupil Loretta , Westin Jason , Wang Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundRelapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor prognosis. The best outcome is achieved in patients who have a partial or complete response to salvage treatment and proceed to allogeneic stem cell transplant.Patients and MethodsTwenty-one patients were given a combination regimen of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab at MD Anderson Cancer Center as part of a single-arm, prospective, open-label phase II clinical trial. The median age was 66 years, with a median number of prior treatments of three. Sixty-seven percent had failed intensive chemoimmunotherapy and 43% were intermediate/high risk according to the MCL international prognostic index score, with a median Ki-67 proliferation index of 45% in those who were tested.ResultsThe rates of overall and complete response achieved were 74% and 42%, respectively, with median progression-free and overall survivals of 9 months and 36.4 months, respectively. The regimen's toxicity profile was acceptable; only 25% of the cycles resulted in grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and only 3% of cycles produced grade 3–4 fatigue. There were no episodes of grade 3–4 neuropathy.ConclusionThe combination of bortezomib with cyclophosphamide and rituximab is an effective and well-tolerated regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. Because of its low toxicity, future combinations of this regimen with other promising drugs that have different mechanisms of action offer a realistic possibility that may improve outcomes for patients who have MCL.
Legislative Prohibitions on wearing a Headscarf: Are they justified?
Authors: Osman Fatima 
Published: April 2017

A headscarf, a simple piece of cloth that covers the head, is a controversial garment that carries various connotations and meanings. While it may be accepted as just another item of clothing when worn by non-Muslim women, it is often the subject of much controversy when worn by Muslim women. In recent years the headscarf has been described as a symbol of Islam's oppression of women and simultaneously of terrorism. As the debate regarding the acceptability of the headscarf in the modern world continues, an increasing number of states have legislated to ban the wearing of the headscarf.

This article critically examines the reasons underlying these bans and argues that these prohibitions are not justified. It does this by first analysing the place of the headscarf in Islam, its religious basis and its significance to Muslim women. It argues that the headscarf is more than just a mere religious symbol and that Muslim women wear the headscarf as a matter of religious obligation. The headscarf is considered to be an important religious practice protected by the right to freedom of religion.

Thereafter the article examines legislative bans on the headscarf in France, Turkey and Switzerland in order to identify the most popular justifications advanced by states and courts for banning the headscarf. It critically evaluates the justifications for protecting secularism, preventing coercion, promoting equality and curbing religious extremism, and disputes that the reasons put forward by states and accepted by courts justify banning the headscarf. It thereafter explores how South African courts would respond to a headscarf ban and argues that schools and employers should accommodate the headscarf. While Muslim women may not have an absolute right to wear the headscarf, there has thus far been no justifiable reason for banning the headscarf.
Regulating Traditional Justice in South Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Aspects of the Traditional Courts Bill
Authors: Soyapi Caiphas Brewsters 
Published: April 2017

Traditional justice systems have been in place for a very long time in South Africa and in Africa in general. They are characterised by informal systems that are not beset by the normal technicalities prevalent in formal justice systems. In recent times South Africa has sought to do away with the Black Administration Act, which was the regulating legislation on traditional justice systems, by introducing the Traditional Courts Bill. Initially introduced in Parliament in 2008 and withdrawn for another tabling in 2012, the Bill has been met with much criticism. Instead of venturing on a clause by clause analysis of the provisions of the Bill this note considers selected aspects of it which are perceived to be significant and which have courted controversy. These are ascertainment, legal representation, jurisdiction, gender, and the hierarchy of courts. The essential arguments are that the Bill has not been properly aligned with the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act 41 of 2003 (as amended in 2009) or the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and that the above issues have not been addressed adequately or are at times only vaguely addressed.
The note also considers various provisions from other African countries with similar legislation and which also regulate on the same issues, for the purposes of identifying better ways of addressing the selected issues. In the final analysis, the recommendations are not that the South African legislature must transpose the provisions of other countries, but that the framers of the Bill must reconsider these issues along the lines in which they are addressed in the countries with which comparisons are drawn here. Without a reconsideration of the issues, the Bill will still be met with criticism even from those it is meant to regulate, and could potentially result in various constitutional challenges and litigations.
Negative pressure wound therapy: eleven-year experience at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Zargar Haroon Rashid , Mohsin Mir , Baba Peerzada Umar Farooq , Wani Adil Hafeez , Iqbal Shabir , Zaroo Mohammad Inam , Bashir Sheikh Adil , Rasool Altaf , Bijli Akram Hussain , Bhat Bashir Ahmed , Yasir Mir 
Published: April 2017

Background: Management of complicated wounds is a reconstructive challenge. A reconstructive surgeon has to be ready to face new challenges every day. Negative pressure wound therapy has revolutionized the management of complex wounds. We are presenting our experience with this wound care modality in the past 11 years.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted from January 2006 to December 2016 on patients having wounds of varied etiologies, who consented to participate in this study. Custom made low cost NPWT was used till definitive wound closure.Results: A total of 568 patients consented to participate in the study during these 11 years. No major complications were seen. Most of these were males (60.73%) in their 3rd and 4th decade. Trauma was the leading cause of wounds in 38.14%, followed by diabetic foot wounds in 21.5%. Ankle and foot was the most common site of wounds (30.92%) followed by leg (24.01%). A total of 322 small, 218 medium and 97 large size dressings were used. Most of the patients improved with the NPWT. No major complications were seen.Conclusions: NPWT is safe, effective and has proved to be revolutionary in managing difficult wounds. With the use of customized low cost NPWT the benefit can be extended to underprivileged population in under developed nations too.
A Short Guide to Electrophysiology and Ion Channels
Authors: Rubaiy Hussein Nori 
Published: April 2017

The birth and discovery of electrophysiological science took place in the 18­­th century laying the path for our understanding of nerve membrane ionic currents. The pore-forming proteins, ion channels, are involved and play critical roles in very important physiological and pathological processes, such as neuronal signaling and cardiac excitability, therefore, they serve as therapeutic drug targets. The study of physiological, pharmacological and biophysical properties of ion channels can be done by patch clamp, a gold standard and powerful electrophysiological technique. The current review, in addition to highlight and cover the history of electrophysiology, patch clamp (conventional and automated) technique, and different types of ion channels, will also discuss the importance of ion channels in different neurological diseases and disorders. As the field of neuroscience is growing, this manuscript is intended as a guide to help in understanding the importance of ion channels, particularly in neuroscience, and also in using the patch clamp technique for the study of molecular physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of neuronal ion channels. Importantly, this review will spotlight on the therapeutic aspect of neuronal ion channels. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
ANALISIS KADAR LOGAM TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA PERMEN SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)
Authors: Rahmawati Eny , Dewi Diana Candra , Fauziyah Begum 
Published: April 2017

<p>Permen yang dijual di pasaran diduga mengandung sejumlah logam berat misalnya logam tembaga. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel permen didestruksi dengan HNO<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (3:1) dan HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (6:2:1) untuk mengetahui zat pengoksidasi terbaik logam tembaga pada permen. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kadar logam tembaga dengan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil analisis uji one way anove dengan uji F menunjukkan bahwa zat pengoksidasi terbaik logam tembaga dalam sampel permen adalah HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Sementara itu, perolehan kadar logam tembaga pada permen dengan label A, B, C, D, dan E berturut-turut sebesar 1,72 mg/Kg; 1,69 mg/Kg; 1,57 mg/Kg; 1,71mg/Kg; dan 1,69 mg/Kg. Dengan demikian, kadar logam tembaga pada permen yang dijual di pasaran masih berada dalam batas aman konsumsi yang ditetapkan oleh SNI.</p><p> </p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong><span> permen, destruksi basah, oksidator, waktu stabilitas, Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA)</span>
NEGOTIATION OF A DRAFT PROFESSIONAL STANDARD «FORENSIC MEDICAL EXPERT»
Authors: Romanko N. A. , Zolotenkova G. V. , Lysenko O. V. 
Published: April 2017

The article continues series of publications devoted to the process of development of professional standard «A doctor – forensic medical expert». Detailed information on the final stage of this process – coordination and professional discussion as well as the editions of the initial text of the project – is provided.
THE PROBLEM OF PEER REVIEW OF ADVERSE OUTCOME OF HEALTH CARE: MONITORING, THE DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN STATE
Authors: Erofeev S. V. , Edelev N. S. , Malakhov N. V. , Semenov A. S. 
Published: April 2017

The paper provides an overview of the organization and the nature of the complex examinations in connection with the unfavourable outcome of care. This highlights the complexity arising from the formation of the commissions, financing, procedural provisions, relationship with the «independent» experts. The ways of resolving contradictions, real ways to improve expert activity.