bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple signaling systems target a core set of transition metal homeostasis genes using similar binding motifs
Authors: Garber Megan E. , Rajeev Lara , Kazakov Alexey E. , Trinh Jessica , Masuno Duy , Thompson Mitchell G. , Kaplan Nurgul , Luk Joyce , Novichkov Pavel S. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBacterial response to metals can require complex regulation. We report an overlapping regulation for copper and zinc resistance genes in the denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2, by three two‐component regulatory proteins CopR1, CopR2 and CzcR. We conducted genome‐wide evaluations to identify gene targets of two paralogous regulators, CopR1 and CopR2, annotated for copper signaling, and compared the results with the gene targets for CzcR, implicated in zinc signaling. We discovered that the CopRs and CzcR have largely common targets, and crossregulate a core set of P. stutzeri copper and zinc responsive genes. We established that this crossregulation is enabled by a conserved binding motif in the upstream regulatory regions of the target genes. The crossregulation is physiologically relevant as these regulators synergistically and antagonistically target multicopper oxidases, metal efflux and sequestration systems. CopR1 and CopR2 upregulate two cop operons encoding copper tolerance genes, while all three regulators downregulate a putative copper chaperone, Psest_1595. CzcR also upregulated the oprD gene and the CzcIABC Zn2+ efflux system, while CopR1 and CopR2 downregulated these genes. Our study suggests that crossregulation of copper and zinc homeostasis can be advantageous, and in P. stutzeri this is enabled by shared binding motifs for multiple response regulators.
Peter Sloterdijk as an Ally of TheologyIn the Shadow of Mount Sinai, PeterSloterdijk, Polity, 2016 (ISBN 978‐0‐7456‐9924‐0), vi + 71 pp., pb £9.99Selected Exaggerations: Conversations and Interviews 1993–2012, PeterSloterdijk, Polity, 2016 (ISBN 978‐0‐7456‐9166‐4), xxii + 328 pp., pb £17.99Not Saved: Essays after Heidegger, PeterSloterdijk, Polity, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐7456‐9699‐7), xiv + 288 pp., pb £17.99
Authors: O'Leary Joseph S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPeter Sloterdijk is an acute philosophical commentator on contemporary culture and has much to teach theologians anxious to be in dialogue with that culture. He began as a tough Nietzschean, determined to look unpleasant truths in the face: ‘There is no longer any knowledge of which one could be a friend (philos). Faced with what we know, the idea of loving it no longer occurs to us, but we ask ourselves instead how we can manage to live with it, without being turned to stone’. Some of his remarks on the training of the human animal smacked of eugenicism. But he also showed a religious penchant, editing an anthology on Gnosticism and developing an interest in spirituality. His religious musings, focused on Gnostic and Augustinian themes, may actually weaken him as a theorist. Today, despite radical gestures, he is perhaps best characterized as a mainstream liberal (as shown in his ardent praise of Emmanuel Macron). He views religious and philosophical traditions in a naturalistic perspective, and this can lead him into crassly reductive accounts of both. His reception of Heidegger reduces the question of Being to one of the material anthropological environment. His study of monotheism as a ‘rage bank’ whisks away its doctrinal and mystical depths. Yet his appreciation of religion as a praxis of interiority, his desire to embed religious and philosophical discourse in concrete anthropological knowledge, and his worrying about the strands of violence in monotheism put him in dialogue with theology.
Diversity in cancer care: exploring social categories in encounters between healthcare professionals and breast cancer patients
Authors: Nyholm Nanna , Halvorsen Ida , Mygind Anna , Christensen Ulla , Kristiansen Maria 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe burden of breast cancer is a key challenge for women's health globally. Rehabilitation needs and strategies for living with long‐term consequences of breast cancer and its treatment cannot be isolated from the social contexts of patients, including relationships with relatives and healthcare professionals.AimThis study explores how healthcare professionals’ categorisations engage with breast cancer patients’ social identities in encounters about rehabilitation before hospital discharge.MethodWe conducted a multiperspective case‐based qualitative study at a Danish department of breast surgery, including participant observations and interviews with twelve patients and eight nurses. Data were analysed thematically using theories of categorisation and clinical encounters. Ethical considerations: The Danish Data Protection Agency approved the study (journal number 2012‐41‐0701).ResultsInteractions in clinical encounters are shaped by categorisations of patients’ social identities in terms of social resources and ethnicity, and by the resource‐constrained organisational context, with impact on the assessments of the patient's rehabilitation needs.ConclusionsThere is a need for a greater focus on improving encounters between breast cancer patients and healthcare professionals to ensure that rehabilitation needs are accommodated for among diverse patient groups.
Strategic Automation for Citrus Processing
Authors: Borrison David E. 
Published: January 2018

AUTOMATION: Automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (Merriam-Webster)
STRATEGIC: Of great or vital importance within an integrated whole or to the taking place of a planned or unplanned occurrence. (Merriam-Webster)
Strategic automation requires a comprehensive plan for automating the entire plant. This master plan must be followed as individual areas are automated and incorporated into the overall plan. The master plan will set all the standards for process and instrument drawings, equipment identification, instrument tags, control systems, operator interface, and control room locations.
With a master plan the following advantages are realized;
* Newly automatedareas are easily integrated into the existing infrastructure.
* Fewer operators controlling multiple process areas from a single control room.
* Standardized operator interfaces minimize operator training and cross training.
* Maintenance personnel require less training because of common equipment.
* Spare parts inventories are reduced.
* Process changes or upsets can be sent throughout the system to adjust other affected areas.
* Monitoring and recording data from any area of the plant is easily accomplished.
Without a master plan none of the advantages are guaranteed. The cost to link and maintain different systems can be more expensive than the original cost of the system. Exchanging data between systems, or capturing and recording data across multiple systems can become very complex and expensive. Even the best designed, best of breed individual systems don’t always tie together to form a complete and comprehensive overall plant system.
Once the master plan is in place, all areas of a citrus plant can be automated. Some areas can be fully automated while others are better controlled by partial automation with enhanced information made available to the operators. Some decisions are driven by measurement instrument availability, while others are purely economical. The ultimate goals are better and more consistent product quality with fewer operating personnel, a process that responds automatically plant wide to changes, and data gathering to monitor and improve your entire process. This paper will address the typical process areas in a citrus plant and discuss viable control techniques as they apply to each area. It will also discuss the interactions between processing areas and the monitoring of the plant as a whole.
Paper published with permission.
Sanitary Welding Standards
Authors: Avery Richard E. 
Published: January 2018

Austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems are a vital part of today’s sanitary (hygienic) processing facilities. Product contact surface welds in the tubular systems usually cannot be ground or conditioned, so it is essential that the as-welded surfaces are suitable for cleaning-in-place (CIP).
The American Welding Society AWS Dl8 Committee was formed in respond to the request by the 3-A Sanitary Standards Committee for help in preparing welding standards for use in the manufacture and construction of dairy and food product processing plants. The 3-A Sanitary Standards Committees develop and promulgate sanitary design standards for dairy and food processing, packaging and handling equipment and systems.
AWS D18.1:1999 Specification for Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube and Pipe Systems in Sanitary (Hygienic) Applications developed covers the requirements for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or TIG welding as it is also known, of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe 1/4 in. (6 mm) diameter and larger. Sanitary processing systems is intended to include those systems handling products for human and animal consumption. Such products include dairy, meat, poultry, vegetable, beverage, and other products consumed by humans and animals.
The paper also includes design and operation guidelines that have proven useful to engineers and users of austenitic stainless steel piping systems.
Paper published with permission.
Pre-Extraction De-Oiling of Citrus Fruit by Roller Technology
Authors: Suter Michael L. , Garcia Salvador 
Published: January 2018

Two seasons of testing have been done with pre-extraction abrasive roller technology to reduce the amount of peel oil in orange juice. The first season was done with a pilot scale unit (20 Tons / Hour). The following season a commercial scale unit (80 Tons / Hour) was tested in the field. Use of the equipment has allowed the processor to use high yield components at equal or better juice quality than standard extraction components. Additional advantages are seen in oil quality and VOC reduction.
Paper published with permission.
Continuing Education for Practicing Engineers
Authors: Earle Jonathan F. K. 
Published: January 2018

The professional engineer of the 21st century must have a holistic view of his/her world, and recognize that continuing education is vital for maintenance of professional competitiveness.. Engineering education has generally responded to workforce technology needs which have traditionally changed rather slowly. Today’s professional engineer must be prepared to meet the challenges of an increasingly complex physical, legal, technical, and social climate with which he/she is confronted. Accordingly, today’s engineering education system is structured to prepare graduates for life-long learning, by placing greater emphasis on the learning process.
In the 21st century, workforce technology and demands are changing at an extremely rapid pace, and in order to remain current, the modern engineering professional must adapt to those rapid changes. Within this environment, expertise in a single discipline or technology is no longer considered adequate for the professional engineer, since he/she must be comfortable working in multi-disciplinary teams, be capable of integrating a broad range of knowledge, and working across intellectual boundaries.
The modern engineer must understand the global marketplace and its working environment, and in so doing develop an international perspective, and be prepared for participation in international projects. He/she must appreciate the issues relating to sustainability, and design accordingly to address the concerns. The engineer is expected to maintain a broad perspective, and be prepared to adjust to the rapid, dynamic changes which are encountered.
This paper identifies some of the reasons for the pursuit of continuing education, and reviews options which are available to the practicing engineer in Florida, with particular emphasis on opportunities offered by the University of Florida.
Paper published with permission.
Packaging for Citrus Juices
Authors: Emond Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2018

Packaging is usually referred to as the container holding a specific product. It is more accurate to refer to a packaging system, since many components are used together to make a package able to meet the needs of a product. A packaging system must meet four specific objectives:
• to protect the product
• to extend product shelf life
• to communicate the product to the customer
• to be convenient to the customer
A packaging system has many components and several levels of packaging. For example, a packaging system must include a shipping container where inside packaging units are found, which usually group a certain amount of individual packages. Only the retail size of a packaging system will be addressed for the purpose of this article.
Paper published with permission.
New Systems in Plant Sanitation
Authors: Johnson Paul A. 
Published: January 2018

Clean-In-Place (CIP) of beverage, dairy and food processes is achieved by pre-rinsing, circulation of detergents, post rinsing, and sanitizing of process equipment designed for such automated cleaning. As processing plants have expanded production capacities, the size of the equipment has increased accordingly, creating a corresponding increase in the water volumes and sanitation compounds required to achieve proper cleaning and sanitation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the environmental factors impacted by the CIP process, further to offer areas of scrutiny that the processing facility staff may evaluate for improvement potential.
Paper published with permission.
Citrus Oil Recovery: Using Modern “State-of-the-Art” Centrifuge Technology as Part of Economical Citrus Processing
Authors: Pecoroni Stefan 
Published: January 2018

The present citrus oil business is dominated by two trends:
The price for orange oil as a bulk product is under serious market pressure. This has been ongoing for a number of years. In many regions of the world, for example, Southern Italy, this has led to a situation where oil is no longer recovered. However, due to insufficient deoiling, this results in giving away a valuable product (even at a low price) and increased waste water treatment costs or losses in revenue when selling the peels for animal feed. Based on 30,000 l/h emulsion of orange oil coming from the extractors, a return on investment between one and two years can be achieved at present prices as shown in Table 1. Therefore, large processors must focus on increasing production efficiency.
In contrast to the economical situation for orange oil, we see a very strong dynamism in the market for other citrus oils. The price for more rare oils like grapefruit, pink grapefruit, lemon, and mandarin is increasing, partly influenced by climatic factors like hurricanes. This makes the recovered oil very valuable and brings an even stronger focus onto production efficiency.
In addition, the tendency towards constructing bigger production lines is still very dominant in the market, especially in Brazil and the US. This increases the pressure for the equipment suppliers to provide the industry with units having higher capacity and efficiency.
Westfalia Separator has reacted to this trend by introducing new models, such as the new ESE 500 for first stage oil emulsions and the new OSD 60 for second stage emulsions. These machines are tailor-made for these applications. In intense test work, these machines have been optimized for Brazilian as well as American processing conditions on various fruits. Mainly, the capacities have been brought up to a maximum level of 130 GPM depending on fruits and conditions. Furthermore, recovery rates could be optimized by approx. 10% from 3 lbs/ton to a level of 3.3 lbs/ton.
Paper published with permission.
The Use and Misuse of 300 Series Austenitic Stainless Steels in the Citrus Industry
Authors: Lewis Richard O. 
Published: January 2018

The 300 series austenitic stainless steels have been used extensively and successfully in the Citrus Industry for numerous applications. Material cost and corrosion resistance to both citrus products and cleaning solutions for maintaining sanitary conditions has made type 304 and type 316 stainless steels the material of choice for process equipment, tanks, and piping systems.
However, corrosion failures have occurred and many have been the subject of forensic investigations to determine the cause and provide recommendations to avoid future, similar problems. Historically, the primary modes of corrosion failure of T304SS and T316SS have been experienced not only in the Citrus Industry but also in the chemical and petrochemical industries. These modes of corrosion include localized corrosion in the form of pitting and crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Successful long-term performance is best obtained when (1) the correct alloy is selected for the application; (2) piping and equipment are carefully fabricated and passivated prior to being placed in service; and (3) the process system design and operation minimizes stagnation and solids deposition, especially at elevated temperature.
A table listing the composition of the most commonly available and specified 300 series austenitic stainless steels is shown in Table 1.
Paper published with permission.
An Electical Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis Primer: Reducing Arc-Flash Hazard Exposures Through Engineering Controls
Authors: Kolak John J. 
Published: January 2018

The problem of electrical workers being injured or killed by electrical arcs and blasts is one of the most significant safety issues in the industry today. Accident data reveals that over 2,000 people are severely burned annually by electrical arc blasts on the job (1) and many others receive less severe burns that still result in significant pain and suffering to the victim. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of the arc-flash hazard analysis (AFHA) process and general guidance for those organizations wishing to integrate AFHA into their overall electrical safety program.
The electric utility industry was the first non-academic group to study arc-flash hazards (AFH) when they noted that electrical workers often received the most severe burns from their clothing igniting and continuing to burn long after the initiating arc had extinguished. In particular, man-made fibers such as polyester, nylon, and rayon were known to melt and stick to the worker’s skin following an AF, and this resulted in burns many times worse than had the injured worker been wearing no clothing at all (2).
Subsequent studies were performed by private organizations and they impacted both the engineering and safe work practices associated with industrial plant operations. The primary standards or studies included:
• IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
• NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269: Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Standard
Of these documents, the IEEE 1584 Guide was most influential to engineers because it provided formulas for calculating incident energy levels, arc-flash protection boundaries, and a host of other important variables necessary to evaluate AFH in the work place. The term ‘incident energy’ refers to the amount of heat concentrated per unit-area of the skin. Incident energy is measured in calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2) of skin surface area. For reference, a value of 1.2 cal/cm2 will result in a second-degree burn of human skin (3).
The principal reason why AFHA is necessary is that studies revealed that electrical arcs are somewhat unpredictable events (4), and there were many cases where seemingly innocuous energy sources (small transformers) produced incident energy levels that far exceeded the limitations of flame resistant (FR) clothing or other forms of personal protective equipment. It became obvious that the best method for protecting employees from AFH would be to evaluate the hazard level and then mitigate it through the use of engineering controls.
Paper published with permission.
Sulfur Emissions Reduction Project at Southern Gardens Citrus
Authors: McDaniel Joe , Russ Brendon 
Published: January 2018

Southern Gardens Citrus and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), in a cooperative effort at the Clewiston citrus processing facility, reduced SO2 emissions by 80% and particulate matter emissions by 73%. This project also reduced costly diesel fuel use by 25%, increased citrus pulp feed mill operation efficiency, and saved the company more than $4 million a year.
Paper published with permission.
Efficacy of Apramycin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Murine Neutropenic Thigh Model
Authors: Kang Anthony D. , Smith Kenneth P. , Berg Anders H. , Truelson Katherine A. , Eliopoulos George M. , McCoy Christopher , Kirby James E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Apramycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside, was rapidly bactericidal against
Acinetobacter baumannii
. In a neutropenic murine thigh infection model, treatment-associated
A. baumannii
CFU reductions of >4 log
10
per thigh were observed for all exposures for which area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was >50 and maximum concentration of drug in serum (
C
max
)/MIC was ≈10 or higher. Based on these findings, we suggest that apramycin deserves further preclinical exploration as a repurposed therapeutic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including
A. baumannii
.
Polyphosphate-Accumulating Bacteria: Potential Contributors to Mineral Dissolution in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Breiland Ashley A. , Flood Beverly E. , Nikrad Julia , Bakarich John , Husman Matthew , Rhee TaekHyun , Jones Robert S. , Bailey Jake V. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacteria that accumulate polyphosphates have previously been shown to dynamically influence the solubility of phosphatic minerals in marine settings and wastewater. Here, we show that dental plaque, saliva, and carious lesions all contain abundant polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria. Saturation state modeling results, informed by phosphate uptake experiments using the model organism
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
, which is known to inhabit advanced carious lesions, suggest that polyphosphate accumulation can lead to undersaturated conditions with respect to hydroxyapatite under some oral cavity conditions. The cell densities of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria we observed in some regions of oral biofilms are comparable to those that produce undersaturated conditions (i.e., those that thermodynamically favor mineral dissolution) in our phosphate uptake experiments with
L. rhamnosus
. These results suggest that the localized generation of undersaturated conditions by polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria constitutes a new potential mechanism of tooth dissolution that may augment the effects of metabolic acid production.

IMPORTANCE
Dental caries is a serious public health issue that can have negative impacts on overall quality of life and oral health. The role of oral bacteria in the dissolution of dental enamel and dentin that can result in carious lesions has long been solely ascribed to metabolic acid production. Here, we show that certain oral bacteria may act as a dynamic shunt for phosphate in dental biofilms via the accumulation of a polymer known as polyphosphate—potentially mediating phosphate-dependent conditions such as caries (dental decay).