bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal Intra-abdominal Umbilical Vein Aneurysm
Authors: Giannubilo Stefano Raffaele , Pasculli Angela , Cecchi Alessandro , Biagini Alessandra , Ciavattini Andrea 
Published: September 2017

Importance
Fetal umbilical vein aneurysm is an uncommon anomaly that accounts for approximately 4% of umbilical cord abnormalities. The rate of intrauterine fetal death is reported to be approximately 4% to 5%, higher than the background rate of 0.7% that is generally reported during pregnancy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of fetal umbilical vein aneurysm.

Evidence Acquisition
Advances in high-resolution ultrasound combined with color Doppler and 3-dimensional rendering have contributed to an increased understanding of the fetal venous circulation in recent years.

Results
When the diagnosis of umbilical vein aneurysm is made, the patient should undergo a detailed ultrasound evaluation of the fetal anatomy, including fetal echocardiography, to exclude associated anomalies. Amniocentesis should be offered when other anomalies are found. Patients should be informed about the potential for an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy and should undergo close ultrasound surveillance to assess the size of the aneurysm, as well as any evidence of thrombosis or signs of hydrops.

Conclusions
The main prognostic feature associated with a poor outcome of umbilical vein aneurysm seems to be the presence of other anomalies. Early diagnosis is associated with a somewhat worse prognosis, and most fetal deaths have been observed between 27 and 30 weeks of gestation. In the third trimester, it is reasonable to perform serial ultrasound examinations to assess fetal growth, the size of the aneurysm, and the blood flow pattern within the aneurysm.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe the overall pathophysiology of fetal umbilical vein aneurysm, recall the diagnosis and classification of fetal umbilical aneurysm, identify the ultrasound markers in a prognostic view, and explain the obstetrics management of fetuses with umbilical vein aneurysm.
Periprocedural Outcomes Comparing Fibroid Embolization and Focused Ultrasound: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Comprehensive Cohort Analysis
Authors: Barnard Emily P. , AbdElmagied Ahmed M. , Vaughan Lisa E. , Weaver Amy L. , Laughlin-Tommaso Shannon K. , Hesley Gina K. , Woodrum David A. , Jacoby Vanessa L. , Kohi Maureen P. , Price Thomas M. , Nieves Angel , Miller Michael J. , Borah Bijan J. , Gorny Krzysztof R. , Leppert Phyllis C. , Peterson Lisa G. , Stewart Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:500.e1–500.e11)
Although uterine fibroids are a common problem among reproductive-aged women, few comparative effectiveness studies are available to guide treatment decisions. Two minimally invasive treatments—uterine artery embolization (UAE) and magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS)—have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids.
Abdominal Pain and Vomiting
Authors: McCambridge Joshua , Wang Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Abdominal ultrasound of a 28-year-old man with chronic abdominal pain and vomiting demonstrates a dilated aperistaltic distal esophagus, which was confirmed on follow-up esophagram as achalasia. The 2 main types of achalasia are primary and secondary. Primary achalasia occurs with the loss of postganglionic neurons resulting in failed distal esophageal relaxation. Secondary achalasia is esophageal narrowing due to nondenervation causes. The diagnosis of achalasia is typically made with manometry and barium esophagram.
A 3-Dimensional Printed Ultrasound Probe Visuospatial Trainer
Authors: McKenna Ryan T. , Dove Jesse C. , Ratzlaff Robert A. , Diaz-Gomez Jose L. , Cox Daniel J. , Simon Leslie V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Training adult learners to use ultrasound in clinical practice relies on the ability of the learner to apply visuospatial concepts to the anatomy of the human body. We describe a visuospatial trainer that replicates the housing of an ultrasound transducer, through which a linear laser projects light in the same plane and orientation as the ultrasonic sound waves. We use this trainer in combination with a porcine heart dissection laboratory to teach bedside cardiac ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Off-the-shelf components, including an on/off switch, a laser, and 2 ampere batteries are connected in series and placed inside the 3-dimensional (3D)–printed housing. The trainer's laser emission projects a red line that visually represents the ultrasound's field. Learners project the laser against a porcine or human heart in the orientation of the TTE window they wish to obtain and then dissect the heart in that plane, allowing for visualization of how grayscale images are obtained from 3D structures. Previous research has demonstrated that visuospatial aptitude is correlated with ultrasound procedural performance. We present this trainer and educational method as a specific training intervention that could enhance the visuospatial ability of the ultrasound learner. This visuospatial trainer and educational method present a novel process for enhancing learner understanding of 2-dimensional ultrasound images as they relate to 3D structures. Having a clear understanding of how images are generated in cross section may translate into more proficient adaptation of cardiac ultrasound and TTE.
Improved surface-enhanced Raman and catalytic activities of reduced graphene oxide–osmium hybrid nano thin films
Authors: Kavitha C. , Bramhaiah K. , John Neena S. , Aggarwal Shantanu 
Published: September 2017

Reduced graphene oxide–osmium (rGO-Os) hybrid nano dendtrites have been prepared by simple liquid/liquid interface method for the first time. The method involves the introduction of phase-transfered metal organic precursor in toluene phase and GO dispersion in the aqueous phase along with hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. Dendritic networks of Os nanoparticles and their aggregates decorating rGO layers are obtained. The substrate shows improved catalytic and surface-enhanced activities comparable with previous reports. The catalytic activity was tested for the reduction of
p
-nitroaniline into
p
-phenyldiamine with an excess amount of NaBH
4
. The catalytic activity factors of these hybrid films are 2.3 s
−1
g
−1
(Os film) and 4.4 s
−1
g
−1
(rGO-Os hybrid film), which are comparable with other noble metal nanoparticles such as Au, Ag, but lower than Pd-based catalysts. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements have been done on rhodamine 6G (R6G) and methylene blue dyes. The enhancement factor for the R6G adsorbed on rGO-Os thin film is 1.0 × 10
5
and for Os thin film is 7 × 10
3
. There is a 14-fold enhancement observed for Os hybrids with rGO. The enhanced catalytic and SERS activities of rGO-Os hybrid thin film prepared by simple liquid/liquid interface method open up new challenges in electrocatalytic application and SERS-based detection of biomolecules.
Audiovisual detection at different intensities and delays
Authors: Chandrasekaran Chandramouli , Gondan Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn divided-attention tasks with two classes of target stimuli (e.g., auditory and visual), redundancy gains are typically observed if both targets are presented simultaneously, as compared with single-target presentation. Different models explain such redundant-signals effects, including race and coactivation models. Here we generalize one such coactivation model, the superposition model, and show that restricting this evidence accumulation process to a limited time interval, that is a temporal deadline, provides the model the ability to describe the detection behavior of two monkeys across a wide range of intensities and stimulus onset asynchronies. We present closed-form solutions for the mean absorption times and probabilities for the two-stage diffusion process with drift towards a single barrier in the presence of a temporal deadline.
The SIN3A histone deacetylase complex is required for a complete transcriptional response to hypoxia
Authors: Tiana Maria , Acosta-Iborra Barbara , Puente-Santamaría Laura , Hernansanz-Agustin Pablo , Worsley-Hunt Rebecca , Masson Norma , García-Rio Francisco , Mole David , Ratcliffe Peter , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Jimenez Benilde , del Peso Luis 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTCells adapt to environmental changes, including fluctuations in oxygen levels, through the induction of specific gene expression programs. To identify genes regulated by hypoxia at the transcriptional level, we pulse-labeled HUVEC cells with 4-thiouridine and sequenced nascent transcripts. Then, we searched genome-wide binding profiles from the ENCODE project for factors that correlated with changes in transcription and identified binding of several components of the Sin3A co-repressor complex, including SIN3A, SAP30 and HDAC1/2, proximal to genes repressed by hypoxia.SIN3Ainterference revealed that it participates in the downregulation of 75% of the hypoxia-repressed genes in endothelial cells. Unexpectedly, it also blunted the induction of 47% of the upregulated genes, suggesting a role for this corepressor in gene induction. In agreement, ChIP-seq experiments showed that SIN3A preferentially localizes to the promoter region of actively transcribed genes and that SIN3A signal was enriched in hypoxia-repressed genes, prior exposure to the stimulus. Importantly, SINA3 occupancy was not altered by hypoxia in spite of changes in H3K27ac signal. In summary, our results reveal a prominent role for SIN3A in the transcriptional response to hypoxia and suggest a model where modulation of the associated histone deacetylase activity, rather than its recruitment, determines the transcriptional output.
IntelliEppi: Intelligent reaction monitoring and holistic data management system for the molecular biology lab
Authors: Neuberger Arthur , Ahmed Zeeshan , Dandekar Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDaily alterations of routines and protocols create high, yet so far unmet demands for intelligent reaction monitoring, quality control and data management in molecular biology laboratories. To meet such needs, the “internet of things” is implemented here. We propose an approach which combines direct tracking of lab tubes, reactions and racks with a comprehensive data management system. Reagent tubes in this system are tagged with 2D data matrices or imprinted RFID-chips using a unique identification number. For each tube, individual content and all relevant information based on conducted experimental procedures are stored in an experimental data management system. This information is managed automatically but allow scientists to engage and interfere via user-friendly graphical interface. Tagged tubes are used in connection with a detectable RFID-tagged rack. We show that reaction protocols, HTS storage and complex reactions are easily planned and controlled.
Local temporal variability reflects functional network integration in the human brain: On the crucial role of the thalamus
Authors: Garrett Douglas D. , Epp Samira M. , Perry Alistair , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal moment-to-moment variability exists at every level of neural organization, but its driving forces remain opaque. Inspired by animal work demonstrating that local temporal variability may reflect synaptic input rather than locally-generated “noise,” we used publicly-available high-temporal-resolution fMRI data (N = 100 adults; 33 males) to test in humans whether greater temporal variability in local brain regions was associated with functional network integration. We indeed found that individuals with higher local temporal variability had a more integrated (lower-dimensional) network fingerprint. Notably, temporal variability in the thalamus showed the strongest negative association with network dimensionality. Previous animal work also shows that local variability may upregulate from thalamus to visual cortex; however, such principled upregulation from thalamus to cortex has not been demonstrated in humans. In the current study, we rather establish a much more general putative dynamic role of the thalamus by demonstrating that greater within-person thalamocortical upregulation in variability is itself a unique hallmark of greater network integration that cannot be accounted for by local fluctuations in several other well-known integrative-hub regions. Our findings indicate that local variability primarily reflects functional network integration and establish a fundamental role for the thalamus in how the brain fluctuatesandcommunicates across moments.
T cell activation and the HLA locus associate with latent infections of human African trypanosomiasis
Authors: Capewell Paul , Bucheton Bruno , Clucas Caroline , Ilboudo Hamidou , Cooper Anneli , Gorman Taylor-Anne , O’Neill Kerry , Patakas Agapitos , Platt Andrew , Vaikkinen Heli , Weir William , Camara Mamadou , Garside Paul , Jamonneau Vincent , MacLeod Annette 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInfections by many pathogens can result in a wide range of phenotypes, from severe to mild, or even asymptomatic. Understanding the genetic basis of these phenotypes can lead to better tools to treat patients or detect reservoirs. To identify human genetic factors that contribute to symptoms diversity, we examined the range of disease severities caused by the parasiteT. b. gambiense, the primary cause of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). We analyzed the transcriptomes of immune cells from both symptomatic HAT cases and individuals with latent infections. Our analysis identified several genes and pathways that associated with the latent phenotype, primarily suggesting increased T and B cell activation in HAT patients relative to latent infections. We also used these transcriptome data to conduct an exome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association study. This suggested that SNPs in the human major histocompatibility locus (HLA) associate with severity, supporting the transcription data and suggesting that T cell activation is a determining factor in outcome. Finally, to establish if T cell activation controls disease severity, we blocked co-stimulatory dependent T cell activation in an animal model for HAT. This showed that reducing T cell activation during trypanosome infection improves symptoms and reduces parasitemia. Our data has used a combination of transcriptome-wide analysis and anin vivomodel to reveal that T cell activation and the HLA locus associate with the development of symptoms during HAT. This may open new avenues for the development of new therapeutics and prognostics.
A transcriptome-wide association study identifiesPALMDas a susceptibility gene for calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Thériault Sébastien , Gaudreault Nathalie , Lamontagne Maxime , Messika-Zeitoun David , Clavel Marie-Annick , Capoulade Romain , Dagenais François , Pibarot Philippe , Mathieu Patrick , Bossé Yohan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCalcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a common and life-threatening heart disease with no drug that can stop or delay its progression. Elucidating the genetic factors underpinning CAVS is an urgent priority to find new therapeutic targets1. Major landmarks in genetics of CAVS include the discoveries ofNOTCH12andLPA3. However, genetic variants in these genes accounted for a small number of cases and low population-attributable risk. Here we mapped a new susceptibility locus for CAVS on chromosome 1p21.2 and identifiedPALMD(palmdelphin) as the causal gene.PALMDwas revealed using a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS)4, which combines a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,009 cases and 1,017 ethnically-matched controls with the first large-scale expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping study on human aortic valve tissues (n=233). The CAVS risk alleles and increasing disease severity were both associated with lowered mRNA expression levels ofPALMDin valve tissues. The top variant explained up to 12.5% of the population-attributable risk and showed similar effect and strong association with CAVS (P=1.53 × 10−10) in UK Biobank comparing 1,391 cases and 352,195 controls. The identification ofPALMDas a susceptibility gene for CAVS provides new insights about the genetic nature of this disease and opens new avenues to investigate its etiology and develop much-needed therapeutic options.
Rescue of Conformational Dynamics in Enzyme Catalysis by Directed Evolution
Authors: Otten Renee , Liu Lin , Kenner Lillian R. , Clarkson Michael W. , Mavor David , Tawfik Dan S. , Kern Dorothee , Fraser James S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRational design and directed evolution have proved to be successful approaches to increase catalytic efficiencies of both natural and artificial enzymes1-3. However, a comprehensive understanding of how evolution shapes the energy landscape of catalysis remains a fundamental challenge. Protein dynamics is widely recognized as important, but due to the inherent flexibility of biological macromolecules it is often difficult to distinguish which conformational changes are directly related to function. Here, we used directed evolution on an impaired mutant of the human proline isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) and identify two second-shell mutations that partially restore its catalytic activity. We show both kinetically, using NMR spectroscopy, and structurally, by room-temperature X-ray crystallography, how local perturbations propagate through a large allosteric network to facilitate conformational dynamics. The increased catalysis selected for in the evolutionary screen could be rationalized entirely by accelerated interconversion between the two catalytically essential conformational sub-states, which are both captured in the high-resolution X-ray ensembles at room temperature. Our data provide a glimpse of the evolutionary trajectory of an enzyme’s energy landscape and shows how subtle changes can fine-tune its function.
Strategic responses to institutional pressures for sustainability
Authors: Wijethilake Chaminda , Munir Rahat , Appuhami Ranjith 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of management control systems (MCS) in strategically responding to institutional pressures for sustainability (IPS). Drawing on institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) and strategic responses to institutional pressures framework (Oliver, 1991), the study argues that organisations strategically respond to IPS using MCS.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by interviewing sustainability managers of a large-scale multinational apparel manufacturing organisation with its headquarters in Sri Lanka.FindingsThe study finds that organisations actively respond to IPS using acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance, and manipulation strategies. The results not only reveal that formal MCS play a critical role in complying with IPS, but also in more active responses, including compromise, avoidance, defiance, and manipulation. The findings highlight that organisations use MCS as a medium to respond strategically to IPS, and in turn, the use of MCS has important implications for organisational change and improvement.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for Western organisations, finding that suppliers committed to sustainability in Asia strategically respond to IPS as a means of strengthening outsourcing contracts, instead of blindly accepting. Findings indicate that organisational changes and success seem to be a function of strategically responding to IPS rather than operating an organisation by neglecting sustainability challenges. The organisational ability to use MCS in strategically responding to IPS has the potential for long-term value creation.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insights into the MCS, strategy and sustainability literatures by exploring different uses of MCS tools in strategically responding to IPS. More specifically, it shows how the use of MCS tools varies in supporting strategic responses, and with respective IPS. In doing so, it enhances our understanding of the importance of the use of MCS in dynamics of institutional change and practical variances in strategically responding to IPS.
Fast image matching via multi-scale Gaussian mutation pigeon-inspired optimization for low cost quadrotor
Authors: Chen Shanjun , Duan Haibin 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an improved optimization method for image matching problem, which is based on multi-scale Gaussian mutation pigeon-inspired optimization (MGMPIO) algorithm, with the objective of accomplishing the complicated image matching quickly.

Design/methodology/approach
The hybrid model of multi-scale Gaussian mutation (MGM) mechanism and pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm is established for image matching problem. The MGM mechanism is a nonlinear model, which can adjust the position of pigeons by mutation operation. In addition, the variable parameter (VP) mechanism is exploited to adjust the map and compass factor of the original PIO. Low-cost quadrotor, a type of electric multiple rotorcraft, is used as a carrier of binocular camera to obtain the images.

Findings
This work improved the PIO algorithm by modifying the search strategy and adding some limits, so that it can have better performance when applied to the image matching problem. Experimental results show that the proposed method demonstrates satisfying performance in convergence speed, robustness and stability.

Practical implications
The proposed MGMPIO algorithm can be easily applied to solve practical problems and accelerate convergence speed of the original PIO, and thus enhancing the speed of matching process, which will considerably increase the effectiveness of algorithm.

Originality/value
A hybrid model of the MGM mechanism and PIO algorithm is proposed for image matching problem. The VP mechanism and low-cost quadrotor is also utilized in image matching problem.