bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Excessive Attention to Speech Contribute to Stuttering? A Preliminary Study With a Reading Comprehension Task
Authors: Iimura Daichi , Uehara Shintaro , Yamamoto Shinji , Aihara Tsuyoshi , Kushiro Keisuke 
Published: April 2016

People who stutter (PWS) presumably pay excessive attention to monitoring their speech, possibly exacerbating speech fluency. Using a reading comprehension task, we investigated whether or not PWS devote excessive attention to their speech.

Methods
Eleven PWS and 11 people who do not stutter (PNS) read passages in silent and oral reading conditions with and without noise masking, then answered comprehension questions. For PWS, auditory noise masking and silent reading would presumably divert their attention away from their speech.

Results
The comprehension performance of PWS was lower in the oral-no-masking condition than the oral-masking and silent-no-masking conditions. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the comprehension performance of PNS between the four conditions.

Conclusions
PWS had poor comprehension when listening to their speech, suggesting excessive attention to speech and limited attention to concurrent cognitive tasks.
Critical gender studies and international development studies: interdisciplinarity, intellectual agility and inclusion
Authors: Underhill-Sem Yvonne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCritical gender studies and international development studies are both interdisciplinary, but intellectual agility can ensure they are inclusive sites of knowledge production. To develop intellectual agility, which underpins progressive interdisciplinarity, students must paradoxically venture into more closely defined disciplinary traditions in the social sciences, the humanities and the sciences. Intellectual agility begins by being fully cognizant of epistemological and theoretical framings in substantive debates, such as, for instance, the perpetuation of violence against women or the entrenchment of poverty. I argue that by explicitly tethering ideas to disciplinary traditions, interdisciplinary research and teaching can more successfully address pressing international development concerns in an inclusive manner. International development studies can easily be seen as utilitarian and instrumental just as critical gender studies can easily be seen as impractical and vague. Here, I show how I have worked critical gender studies into international development studies so that students can develop intellectual agility. Underpinning this is the call for progressive interdisciplinary research and teaching delinked from the defensive claims of long-standing scholarly traditions or the aspirational ambitions of newly cast bodies of knowledge. This article is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to multi- and interdisciplinary perspectives on gender studies.
Developmental evidence for obstetric adaptation of the human female pelvis
Authors: Huseynov Alik , Zollikofer Christoph P. E. , Coudyzer Walter , Gascho Dominic , Kellenberger Christian , Hinzpeter Ricarda , Ponce de León Marcia S. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
The obstetrical dilemma hypothesis states that the human female pelvis represents a compromise between designs most suitable for childbirth and bipedal locomotion, respectively. This hypothesis has been challenged recently on biomechanical, metabolic, and biocultural grounds. Here we provide evidence for the pelvis’ developmental adaptation to the problem of birthing large-headed/large-bodied babies. We show that the female pelvis reaches its obstetrically most adequate morphology around the time of maximum fertility but later reverts to a mode of development similar to that of males, which significantly reduces the dimensions of the birth canal. These developmental changes are likely mediated by hormonal changes during puberty and menopause, indicating “on-demand” adjustment of pelvic shape to the needs of childbirth.
Competing for the benefit of offspring eliminates the gender gap in competitiveness
Authors: Cassar Alessandra , Wordofa Feven , Zhang Y. Jane 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Despite Darwin’s recognition of the importance of intrasexual competition, the topic of female competition has been largely ignored. Economists, looking for reasons why women are rarely found in top jobs, have accumulated experimental evidence pointing to women’s lower desire to compete than men. Consistent with newer interdisciplinary hypotheses about female competition, our experimental results show that women can compete as much as men once we change the experimental reward medium to something more in line with women’s goal: the benefit of one’s children. Our results have important policy implications: a change in the workplace incentive structure could induce more women to enter workplace competitions. Such findings matter for a broader group of scientists including biologists, anthropologists, psychologists, economists, and sociologists.
Genetic background and epigenetic modifications in the core of the nucleus accumbens predict addiction-like behavior in a rat model
Authors: Flagel Shelly B. , Chaudhury Sraboni , Waselus Maria , Kelly Rebeca , Sewani Salima , Clinton Sarah M. , Thompson Robert C. , Watson Stanley J. , Akil Huda 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Determining the factors that render an individual more susceptible or resilient to cocaine addiction has great implications for treatment. We exploit a unique model to demonstrate that genetic differences in vulnerability to cocaine addiction exist in the rat. We examined gene expression and the epigenetic regulation of two genes—fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2)—in the nucleus accumbens core. Low levels of D2 mRNA, via epigenetic modifications, may play a role in susceptibility to cocaine addiction. Specifically, binding of a repressive mark on histones (H3K9me3) at the D2 promoter is associated with the propensity to relapse. In contrast, low levels of FGF2, which persist even following prolonged self-administration, may protect individuals from cocaine addiction.
Aridity and plant uptake interact to make dryland soils hotspots for nitric oxide (NO) emissions
Authors: Homyak Peter M. , Blankinship Joseph C. , Marchus Kenneth , Lucero Delores M. , Sickman James O. , Schimel Joshua P. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Nitric oxide (NO) controls the atmosphere’s oxidative capacity. In soils, NO emissions are thought to be controlled by a tradeoff that develops in response to changes in soil moisture: dry soils limit substrate diffusion, whereas wet soils limit gas diffusivity, such that moist soils favor NO emissions. In drylands, however, NO emissions can be highest when soils are dry and immediately following rewetting. Aridity and vegetation interact to generate unexpected NO emission patterns. The shutdown in plant N uptake during the dry season causes NO emissions to increase, whereas arid conditions concentrate resources in dry soils, stimulating NO pulses upon rewetting. Chemistry governs the rapid initial NO pulse, whereas biological processes control later emissions as microbes recover from drought stress.
Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Dang Xiangnan , Gu Li , Qi Jifa , Correa Santiago , Zhang Geran , Belcher Angela M. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Survival of cancer patients can be greatly improved by an ideal theranostic platform capable of early detection and effective treatment of tumors. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a well-established technology and matches the requirement of modularity and versatility for such a theranostic platform. Second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging is a promising modality with high resolution, deep penetration, and diminished noise. This work, for the first time to our knowledge, establishes a modular and versatile LbL platform for NIR-II agents and presents a head-to-head in vivo comparison of available NIR-II probes. We successfully achieve the selective, noninvasive, and safe detection of high-grade serous ovarian tumors in an orthotopic murine model. These LbL NIR-II probes promise the development of an NIR-II based theranostic platform of disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment.
Endogenous growth factor stimulation of hemocyte proliferation induces resistance to
Schistosoma mansoni
challenge in the snail host
Authors: Pila Emmanuel A. , Gordy Michelle A. , Phillips Valerie K. , Kabore Alethe L. , Rudko Sydney P. , Hanington Patrick C. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Snails serve as hosts for the larval development of many medically and agriculturally important parasitic flatworms, including schistosomes, blood flukes that collectively infect more than 260 million people globally. Here, we functionally characterize a granulin-like snail growth factor that drives the development of snail immune cells, thereby making a schistosome-susceptible snail resistant to infection. This study presents the functional characterization of an endogenous gastropod growth factor as well as demonstrated reversal of a susceptible snail phenotype toward resistance using a defined snail factor.
Transcription factor KLF2 regulates homeostatic NK cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Rabacal Whitney , Pabbisetty Sudheer K. , Hoek Kristen L. , Cendron Delphine , Guo Yin , Maseda Damian , Sebzda Eric 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells into leukemia patients can lead to remission; however, therapies are hindered by inefficient expansion and limited persistence of these lymphocytes. We now report that Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) regulates both NK cell proliferation and survival. KLF2 limits homeostatic expansion of NK cells in a cell-intrinsic manner. In addition, KLF2 instructs mature NK cells to home to IL-15–rich niches, which is necessary for continued survival under homeostatic conditions. Therefore, targeting KLF2 while providing rate-limiting survival factors such as transpresented IL-15 may improve NK cell engraftment and sustainability in cancer patients.
The Entner–Doudoroff pathway is an overlooked glycolytic route in cyanobacteria and plants
Authors: Chen Xi , Schreiber Karoline , Appel Jens , Makowka Alexander , Fähnrich Berit , Roettger Mayo , Hajirezaei Mohammad R. , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Schönheit Peter , Martin William F. , Gutekunst Kirstin 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Life on Earth is substantially driven by a circuit of photosynthesis and glucose oxidation. Photosynthesizers capture sunlight and store its energy in the bonds of carbohydrates. Oxidation of carbohydrates provides organisms with a source of ATP and organic carbon for the synthesis of cellular building blocks. Our data provide strong evidence that the Entner–Doudoroff pathway of glucose degradation, which has been previously long overlooked, operates in cyanobacteria and plants. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids transferred this glycolytic route, via endosymbiotic gene transfer, to the plant lineage.
Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sohn Elliott H. , van Dijk Hille W. , Jiao Chunhua , Kok Pauline H. B. , Jeong Woojin , Demirkaya Nazli , Garmager Allison , Wit Ferdinand , Kucukevcilioglu Murat , van Velthoven Mirjam E. J. , DeVries J. Hans , Mullins Robert F. , Kuehn Markus H. , Schlingemann Reinier Otto , Sonka Milan , Verbraak Frank D. , Abràmoff Michael David 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a primary cause of blindness, is characterized by microvascular abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that retinal diabetic neuropathy (RDN) also occurs in people with diabetes, but little is known about the temporal relationship between DR and RDN. This longitudinal study in people with diabetes with no or minimal DR shows that RDN precedes signs of microvasculopathy and that RDN is progressive and independent of glycated hemoglobin, age, and sex. This finding was further confirmed in human donor eyes and in two experimental mouse models of diabetes. The results suggest that RDN is not ischemic in origin and represent a shift in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this complication of diabetes that potentially affects vision in all people with diabetes mellitus.
Evolution of host range inColeosporium ipomoeae, a plant pathogen with multiple hosts
Authors: Chappell Thomas M. , Rausher Mark D. 
Published: April 2016

SignificancePatterns of host breadth evolution in pathogens that attack multiple host species have seldom been quantified. Previous investigations of pathogens attacking a single host indicate that pathogen genotypes evolve a broad host range across host genotypes. By contrast, this investigation demonstrates that, in a pathogen attacking several host species, pathogen genotypes evolve to be highly host-specific. This difference suggests that the evolutionary dynamics of pathogen host breadth may differ depending on whether the pathogen attacks only one or multiple host species.
Brief intervention to encourage empathic discipline cuts suspension rates in half among adolescents
Authors: Okonofua Jason A. , Paunesku David , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
There is increasing concern about rising discipline citations in K–12 schooling and a lack of means to reduce them. Predominant theories characterize this problem as the result of punitive discipline policies (e.g., zero-tolerance policies), teachers’ lack of interpersonal skills, or students’ lack of self-control or social–emotional skills. By contrast, the present research examined teachers’ mindsets about discipline. A brief intervention aimed at encouraging an empathic mindset about discipline halved student suspension rates over an academic year. This intervention, an online exercise, can be delivered at near-zero marginal cost to large samples of teachers and students. These findings could mark a paradigm shift in society’s understanding of the origins of and remedies for discipline problems.
Importin 8 mediates m
7
G cap-sensitive nuclear import of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E
Authors: Volpon Laurent , Culjkovic-Kraljacic Biljana , Osborne Michael J. , Ramteke Anup , Sun Qingxiang , Niesman Ashley , Chook Yuh Min , Borden Katherine L. B. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Dysregulated nuclear trafficking of oncoproteins contributes to cancer. Here, we study the trafficking of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where eIF4E is highly elevated and accumulates in the nucleus. Nuclear eIF4E promotes export of networks of transcripts encoding oncoproteins. During clinical responses to eIF4E-targeted therapy in patients who have AML, the distribution of eIF4E becomes almost entirely cytoplasmic. At relapse, eIF4E is again mainly nuclear. Our studies provide a molecular understanding for eIF4E trafficking, through association with importin 8. We provide a molecular basis for importin 8 selectivity for certain forms of eIF4E and demonstrate the relevance of its nuclear localization to its oncogenic potential, thereby positioning the importin 8–eIF4E interaction as a novel therapeutic target.
Large-scale sequence and structural comparisons of human naive and antigen-experienced antibody repertoires
Authors: DeKosky Brandon J. , Lungu Oana I. , Park Daechan , Johnson Erik L. , Charab Wissam , Chrysostomou Constantine , Kuroda Daisuke , Ellington Andrew D. , Ippolito Gregory C. , Gray Jeffrey J. , Georgiou George 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceWe applied a very recently developed experimental strategy for high-throughput sequencing of paired antibody heavy and light chains along with large-scale computational structural modeling to delineate features of the human antibody repertoire at unprecedented scale. Comparison of antibody repertoires encoded by peripheral naive and memory B cells revealed (i) preferential enrichment or depletion of specific germline gene combinations for heavy- and light-chain variable regions and (ii) enhanced positive charges, higher solvent-accessible surface area, and greater hydrophobicity at antigen-binding regions of mature antibodies. The data presented in this report provide fundamental new insights regarding the biological features of antibody selection and maturation and establish a benchmark for future studies of antibody responses to disease or to vaccination.
HIV-1 Vpr degrades the HLTF DNA translocase in T cells and macrophages
Authors: Lahouassa Hichem , Blondot Marie-Lise , Chauveau Lise , Chougui Ghina , Morel Marina , Leduc Marjorie , Guillonneau François , Ramirez Bertha Cecilia , Schwartz Olivier , Margottin-Goguet Florence 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) have developed strategies to interfere with DNA repair in host cells. Some DNA repair pathways represent restriction mechanisms that counteract the virus as soon as it penetrates into the host cell, before the establishment of an interferon response. Here we identify helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) as a new protein degraded by the viral protein R (Vpr) from HIV-1. HLTF mediates the repair of stalled replication forks to bypass DNA lesions and ensure genome integrity. HLTF is degraded early after Vpr delivery to T lymphocytes or macrophages that represent relevant target cells for HIV. The discovery of HLTF as a DNA repair protein degraded by Vpr in infected cells paves the way for novel unexpected restriction mechanisms.
Postretrieval new learning does not reliably induce human memory updating via reconsolidation
Authors: Hardwicke Tom E. , Taqi Mahdi , Shanks David R. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Reconsolidation-updating theory suggests that existing memory traces can be modified, or even erased, by postretrieval new learning. Compelling empirical support for this claim could have profound theoretical, clinical, and ethical implications. However, demonstrating reconsolidation-mediated memory updating in humans has proved particularly challenging. In four direct and three conceptual replication attempts of a prominent human reconsolidation study, we did not observe any reconsolidation effects when testing either procedural or declarative recall of sequence knowledge. These findings suggest that the considerable theoretical weight attributed to the original study is unwarranted and that postretrieval new learning does not reliably induce human memory updating via reconsolidation.
Preschool is a sensitive period for the influence of maternal support on the trajectory of hippocampal development
Authors: Luby Joan L. , Belden Andy , Harms Michael P. , Tillman Rebecca , Barch Deanna M. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Data from a longitudinal neuroimaging study beginning in the preschool period and including three brain scans through school age and early adolescence were used to investigate the effects of maternal support on the development of the hippocampus. Consistent with animal findings showing that early support enhances hippocampal development and later adaptive coping, findings demonstrated that early childhood maternal support predicted a steeper hippocampal growth trajectory. The data also suggested that early childhood was a sensitive period when the effects of support had a more powerful effect on hippocampal growth. The hippocampal growth trajectory was associated with better emotion regulation in early adolescence. Findings suggest that enhancing early childhood maternal support fosters healthy childhood brain development and emotion functioning.
Origin and evolution of developmental enhancers in the mammalian neocortex
Authors: Emera Deena , Yin Jun , Reilly Steven K. , Gockley Jake , Noonan James P. 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceThe neocortex mediates complex cognitive and motor tasks in all mammals. A long-debated question is how this complex structure evolved in primitive mammals. Here we investigate the role of novel mammalian gene regulatory sequences in the emergence of the neocortex and the mechanisms by which these sequences emerged. We find that ∼20% of elements active during human and mouse neocortical development were born in early mammals. These novel mammalian elements enrich for cell migration, cell signaling, and axon guidance functions, implicating these processes in neocortical origins. In contrast to recent studies, we propose a model in which novel regulatory elements emerge as short sequences of minimal biological significance. Many disappear, but those that survive become increasingly complex over time.
Secondary interaction between MDMX and p53 core domain inhibits p53 DNA binding
Authors: Wei Xi , Wu Shaofang , Song Tanjing , Chen Lihong , Gao Ming , Borcherds Wade , Daughdrill Gary W. , Chen Jiandong 
Published: April 2016

Significance
MDMX is a critical regulator of p53 and a potential drug target. The mechanisms by which MDMX inhibit p53 are not fully understood. Results in this report suggest that MDMX inhibits p53 DNA-binding function. Using a protein fragment release assay, MDMX and p53 were found to engage in multiple strong secondary interactions following initial binding through the canonical binding domains. These secondary interactions are involved in blocking p53 DNA binding and stabilizing the MDMX–p53 complex. The results suggest that secondary interactions play important roles in regulating the function of multidomain protein complexes.
Relevance of the COPI complex for Alzheimer’s disease progression in vivo
Authors: Bettayeb Karima , Hooli Basaraj V. , Parrado Antonio R. , Randolph Lisa , Varotsis Dante , Aryal Suvekshya , Gresack Jodi , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Greengard Paul , Flajolet Marc 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Late secretory compartments are clearly associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. We have shown biochemically and in cells that coat protein complex I (COPI)-dependent trafficking, an early Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum trafficking step, modifies amyloid precursor protein subcellular localization and cell-surface expression, leading to an altered metabolism. The work presented here demonstrates that a reduced COPI-dependent trafficking in vivo leads to a decrease in the amyloid plaque burden in an AD mouse model, and to an improvement of some memory impairments observed in these mice. Remarkably, human genetic association studies of different AD cohorts led to the identification of genetic markers (SNPs) and mutations in COPI genes linked with an increased AD risk. These results demonstrate in vivo the importance of COPI and early trafficking steps in AD.
Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibition ameliorates neurodegeneration by modulation of kynurenine pathway metabolites
Authors: Breda Carlo , Sathyasaikumar Korrapati V. , Sograte Idrissi Shama , Notarangelo Francesca M. , Estranero Jasper G. , Moore Gareth G. L. , Green Edward W. , Kyriacou Charalambos P. , Schwarcz Robert , Giorgini Flaviano 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceNeurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and Huntington’s (HD) present a significant and increasing burden on society. Perturbations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation have been linked to the pathogenesis of these disorders, and thus manipulation of this pathway may have therapeutic relevance. Here we show that genetic inhibition of two KP enzymes—kynurenine-3-monooxygenase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)—improved neurodegeneration and other disease symptoms in fruit fly models of AD, PD, and HD, and that alterations in levels of neuroactive KP metabolites likely underlie the beneficial effects. Furthermore, we find that inhibition of TDO using a drug-like compound reverses several disease phenotypes, underscoring the therapeutic promise of targeting this pathway in neurodegenerative disease.