bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudosyndaktylie – eine entzündliche und fibrotische Wundheilungsstörung bei rezessiver Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
Authors: Breitenbach Jenny , Gruber Christina , Klausegger Alfred , Trost Andrea , Bogner Barbara , Reitsamer Herbert , Bauer Johann W. 
Published: November 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie rezessive Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (engl.: dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, RDEB) ist eine genetisch bedingte bullöse Dermatose und durch schwere Wundheilungsstörungen und Fingerkontrakturen gekennzeichnet. Der Zweck dieser Arbeit war es, die Rolle bekannter Entzündungs‐ und Fibrosemarker in Pseudosyndaktyliegewebe von RDEB‐Patienten zu untersuchen und so den Mechanismus der Wundheilungsstörung und der Pseudosyndaktylie bei RDEB zu beleuchten.Patienten und MethodenWir untersuchten die Expression der Fibrose‐ und/oder Entzündungsmarker Tenascin‐C, α‐smooth muscle actin, transformierender Wachstumsfaktor β1, Interleukin‐1β und Interleukin‐6 in vernarbtem und nicht vernarbtem Gewebe von gesunden Spendern und RDEB‐Patienten durch semiquantitative Real‐Time‐PCR und gegebenenfalls durch Immunblots. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir das Verteilungsmuster von α‐smooth muscle actin und Tenascin‐C durch Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie.ErgebnisseMithilfe von mRNA‐ und Proteinanalysen stellten wir in Proben von Narbengewebe, die Patienten mit Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica an ihren von Pseudosyndaktylie betroffenen Händen entnommen worden waren, eine Hochregulation von Tenascin‐C, Interleukin‐1β und Interleukin‐6, nicht jedoch von transformierendem Wachstumsfaktor β1 fest. Unerwarteterweise wurde auch α‐smooth muscle actin nicht hochreguliert.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Ergebnisse bestätigen das Auftreten von Entzündung und Fibrose bei rezessiver Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, insbesondere in Narben Dies legt nahe, dass diese Prozesse bei Pseudosyndaktylie eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Unsere Daten weisen daher auf die Möglichkeit hin, entzündungshemmende und antifibrotisch wirksame Arzneimittel zur Prävention der Pseudosyndaktylie einzusetzen.
Validity and test–retest reliability of Children's Hand‐use Experience Questionnaire in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Amer Ahmed , Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Peny‐Dahlstrand Marie , Hermansson Liselotte 
Published: November 2015

AimTo investigate the validity of the internet‐based version of the Children's Hand‐use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) by testing the new four‐category rating scale, internal structure, and test–retest reliability.MethodData were collected for 242 children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) (137 males and 105 females; mean age 9y 10mo, SD 3y 5mo, range 6–18y). Twenty children from the study sample (mean age 11y 8mo, SD 3y 10mo) participated in a retest within 7 to 14 days. Validity was tested by Rasch analysis based on a rating scale model and test–retest reliability by Kappa analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe four‐category rating scale was within recommended criteria for rating scale structure. One item was removed because of misfit. CHEQ showed good scale structure according to the criteria. The effective operational range was >90% for two of the CHEQ scales. Test–retest reliability for the three CHEQ scales was: grasp efficacy, ICC=0.91; time taken, ICC=0.88; and feeling bothered, ICC=0.91.InterpretationThe internet‐based CHEQ with a four‐category rating scale is valid and reliable for use in children with unilateral CP. Further studies are needed to investigate the validity of the internet‐based version of CHEQ for children with upper limb reduction deficiency or obstetric brachial plexus palsy and the validity of the recommended improvements to the current version.
Enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium containing GvHD prophylaxis reduces GvHD rate after allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Weber Thomas , Niestadtkötter Jonas , Wienke Andreas , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Müller Lutz P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether cyclosporine A (CsA)‐based Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) prophylaxis with enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) instead of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or methotrexate (MTX) reduces the GvHD incidence and lowers gastrointestinal (GI‐) toxicities.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 102 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, incidences of overall and severe aGvHD (>II°), cGvHD as well as overall and severe (CTC >II°) GI‐toxicities were compared between GvHD prophylaxis containing EC‐MPS vs. MMF or MTX (control group).ResultsThe overall aGvHD rate was significantly lower in the EC‐MPS group compared to the control (47% vs. 72%, P = 0.022) with lower rates of severe aGvHD (10% vs. 25%, P = 0.088) and cGvHD (20% vs. 39%, P = 0.065). Prophylaxis with EC‐MPS remained significantly associated with a lower aGvHD rate in a multiple logistic regression model. GI‐toxicities did not differ between both groups except for severe abdominal pain for which the incidence was increased in the EC‐MPS group (17% vs. 3%, P = 0.022).ConclusionsThis data support the hypothesis that replacement of MMF or MTX by EC‐MPS reduces GvHD rates after HSCT. This appears not to be due to a reduced GI‐toxicity of EC‐MPS.
Experience‐dependent escalation of glucose drinking and the development of glucose preference over fructose – association with glucose entry into the brain
Authors: Wakabayashi Ken T. , Spekterman Laurence , Kiyatkin Eugene A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlucose, a primary metabolic substrate for cellular activity, must be delivered to the brain for normal neural functions. Glucose is also a unique reinforcer; in addition to its rewarding sensory properties and metabolic effects, which all natural sugars have, glucose crosses the blood–brain barrier and acts on glucoreceptors expressed on multiple brain cells. To clarify the role of this direct glucose action in the brain, we compared the neural and behavioural effects of glucose with those induced by fructose, a sweeter yet metabolically equivalent sugar. First, by using enzyme‐based biosensors in freely moving rats, we confirmed that glucose rapidly increased in the nucleus accumbens in a dose‐dependent manner after its intravenous delivery. In contrast, fructose induced a minimal response only after a large‐dose injection. Second, we showed that naive rats during unrestricted access consumed larger volumes of glucose than fructose solution; the difference appeared with a definite latency during the initial exposure and strongly increased during subsequent tests. When rats with equal sugar experience were presented with either glucose or fructose in alternating order, the consumption of both substances was initially equal, but only the consumption of glucose increased during subsequent sessions. Finally, rats with equal glucose–fructose experience developed a strong preference for glucose over fructose during a two‐bottle choice procedure; the effect appeared with a definite latency during the initial test and greatly amplified during subsequent tests. Our results suggest that direct entry of glucose in the brain and its subsequent effects on brain cells could be critical for the experience‐dependent escalation of glucose consumption and the development of glucose preference over fructose.
Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks between private and public goods: evidence from toxic algal blooms
Authors: Driscoll William W. , Hackett Jeremiah D. , Ferrière Régis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe importance of ‘eco‐evolutionary feedbacks’ in natural systems is currently unclear. Here, we advance a general hypothesis for a particular class of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks with potentially large, long‐lasting impacts in complex ecosystems. These eco‐evolutionary feedbacks involve traits that mediate important interactions with abiotic and biotic features of the environment and a self‐driven reversal of selection as the ecological impact of the trait varies between private (small scale) and public (large scale). Toxic algal blooms may involve such eco‐evolutionary feedbacks due to the emergence of public goods. We review evidence that toxin production by microalgae may yield ‘privatised’ benefits for individual cells or colonies under pre‐ and early‐bloom conditions; however, the large‐scale, ecosystem‐level effects of toxicity associated with bloom states yield benefits that are necessarily ‘public’. Theory predicts that the replacement of private with public goods may reverse selection for toxicity in the absence of higher level selection. Indeed, blooms often harbor significant genetic and functional diversity: bloom populations may undergo genetic differentiation over a scale of days, and even genetically similar lineages may vary widely in toxic potential. Intriguingly, these observations find parallels in terrestrial communities, suggesting that toxic blooms may serve as useful models for eco‐evolutionary dynamics in nature. Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks involving the emergence of a public good may shed new light on the potential for interactions between ecology and evolution to influence the structure and function of entire ecosystems.
Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton
Authors: Padfield Daniel , Yvon‐Durocher Genevieve , Buckling Angus , Jennings Simon , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that determine how phytoplankton adapt to warming will substantially improve the realism of models describing ecological and biogeochemical effects of climate change. Here, we quantify the evolution of elevated thermal tolerance in the phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris. Initially, population growth was limited at higher temperatures because respiration was more sensitive to temperature than photosynthesis meaning less carbon was available for growth. Tolerance to high temperature evolved after ≈ 100 generations via greater down‐regulation of respiration relative to photosynthesis. By down‐regulating respiration, phytoplankton overcame the metabolic constraint imposed by the greater temperature sensitivity of respiration and more efficiently allocated fixed carbon to growth. Rapid evolution of carbon‐use efficiency provides a potentially general mechanism for thermal adaptation in phytoplankton and implies that evolutionary responses in phytoplankton will modify biogeochemical cycles and hence food web structure and function under warming. Models of climate futures that ignore adaptation would usefully be revisited.
Changes in the dominant assembly mechanism drive species loss caused by declining resources
Authors: Thorn Simon , Bässler Claus , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Cadotte Marc , Heibl Christoph , Schäfer Hanno , Seibold Sebastian , Müller Jörg 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe species–energy hypothesis predicts that more productive areas support higher species richness. Conversely, when resources are reduced, species richness is reduced. Empirical tests of whether extinctions are predominantly caused by environmental constraints or competitive exclusion are lacking. We experimentally reduced dead wood to c. 15% of the initial amount after a major windstorm and examined changes in assembly mechanisms by combining trait‐based and evolutionary species dissimilarities of eight taxonomic groups, differing in their dependence on dead wood (saproxylic/non‐saproxylic). Species richness and assembly mechanisms of non‐saproxylic taxa remained largely unaffected by removal of dead wood. By contrast, extinctions of saproxylic species were caused by reversing the predominant assembly mechanisms (e.g. increasing importance of competitive exclusion for communities assembled through environmental filtering or vice versa). We found no evidence for an intensification of the predominant assembly mechanism (e.g. competitive exclusion becoming stronger in a competitively structured community).
Ictal onset patterns of local field potentials, high frequency oscillations, and unit activity in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Alvarado‐Rojas Catalina , Bragin Anatol , Behnke Eric , Fields Tony , Fried Itzhak , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo characterize local field potentials, high frequency oscillations, and single unit firing patterns in microelectrode recordings of human limbic onset seizures.MethodsWide bandwidth local field potential recordings were acquired from microelectrodes implanted in mesial temporal structures during spontaneous seizures from six patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.ResultsIn the seizure onset zone, distinct epileptiform discharges were evident in the local field potential prior to the time of seizure onset in the intracranial EEG. In all three seizures with hypersynchronous (HYP) seizure onset, fast ripples with incrementally increasing power accompanied epileptiform discharges during the transition to the ictal state (p < 0.01). In a single low voltage fast (LVF) onset seizure a triad of evolving HYP LFP discharges, increased single unit activity, and fast ripples of incrementally increasing power were identified ~20 s prior to seizure onset (p < 0.01). In addition, incrementally increasing fast ripples occurred after seizure onset just prior to the transition to LVF activity (p < 0.01). HYP onset was associated with an increase in fast ripple and ripple rate (p < 0.05) and commonly each HYP discharge had a superimposed ripple followed by a fast ripple. Putative excitatory and inhibitory single units could be distinguished during limbic seizure onset, and heterogeneous shifts in firing rate were observed during LVF activity.SignificanceEpileptiform activity is detected by microelectrodes before it is detected by depth macroelectrodes, and the one clinically identified LVF ictal onset was a HYP onset at the local level. Patterns of incrementally increasing fast ripple power are consistent with observations in rats with experimental hippocampal epilepsy, suggesting that limbic seizures arise when small clusters of synchronously bursting neurons increase in size, coalesce, and reach a critical mass for propagation.
Sedative load, carious teeth and infection in the periodontium among community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Tiisanoja Antti , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija , Komulainen Kaija , Hartikainen Sirpa , Taipale Heidi , Knuuttila Matti , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo study the relation of sedative load to carious teeth and periodontal pocketing – indication of infectious periodontal disease – among older people.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on a subpopulation of 158 community‐dwelling, dentate, non‐smoking, 75‐year‐old or older people from the Oral Health Geriatric Multidisciplinary Strategy study. The data were collected by interviews and clinical oral examinations during 2004–2005. Sedative load was measured by means of the sedative load model, and Poisson multivariate regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsParticipants with a sedative load of either 1–2 (n = 31) or ≥3 (n = 12) had an increased likelihood of having carious teeth (RR: 1.8, CI: 1.2–2.6 and RR: 2.4, CI: 1.4–4.1, respectively) compared to participants without a sedative load. There was an inverse association between sedative load and the number of teeth with periodontal pockets.ConclusionsPresence of dental caries was associated with the use of drugs with sedative properties. The use of drugs with sedative properties was not associated with the presence of periodontal pockets.
Politics and the Crown in the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099–1187
Authors: Jotischky Andrew 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe success of the First Crusade in 1099 resulted in the settlement of small groups of Franks in the newly conquered territories in the Holy Land. The survival of these settlers and their ability to develop a viable kingdom based on Jerusalem and the coastal cities depended on various factors: the relative weakness and disunity of the neighbouring Seljuq and Fatimid states; the rapid organization of political and territorial administration by King Baldwin I (1100–18); and close relationships with western powers. The development of the crown's institutions during the 12th century, however, was undermined by weak succession to the throne and the opportunities this afforded the baronial classes to intervene in politics and governance. The difficulties of ensuring succession to the throne, coupled with external threats from resurgent Islamic states in the late 12th century, form the main themes in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1100 and 1187.
Effect of cosmetic matrices on the release and odour profiles of the supercriticalCO2extract ofOriganum majoranaL.
Authors: Costa P. , Velasco C. V. , Loureiro J. M. , Rodrigues A. E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the effect of different cosmetic matrices on the release profile and odour intensity of the fragranceO. majoranawas investigated for the first time.MethodsThe fragrance compounds ofO. majoranawere extracted by supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide (SFE‐CO2) at 40°C and two operating pressures (8.5 and 10MPa), and their chemical profiles were assessed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐FID/MS). Lastly, the fragrance compounds were incorporated into three cosmetic matrices (glycerine, dipropylene glycol and skin lotion) to assess their release and odour profiles over time using dynamic headspace (DHS)/GC‐FID/MSand Odour Value concept, respectively.ResultsTheSFE‐CO2enabled recovering extracts with the pleasant scent of the living plant, and the increment of pressure induced an increase on the extraction yield.GC‐FID/MSanalyses revealed that oxygen‐containing monoterpenes was the principal group of components identified in bothSFE‐CO2extracts. The fragrance compounds were more retained in dipropylene glycol, and the major deviations from the original odour intensity (control) were observed in the presence of dipropylene glycol and skin lotion.ConclusionThe hydrophilic character of the cosmetic matrices strongly influenced the release of the fragrance compounds, thus affecting the odour profile of the studied mixtures.
Identification of genome‐wide selection signatures in the Limousin beef cattle breed
Authors: Gurgul A. , Szmatoła T. , Ropka‐Molik K. , Jasielczuk I. , Pawlina K. , Semik E. , Bugno‐Poniewierska M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe study is aimed at identifying selection footprints within the genome of Limousin cattle. With the use of Extended Haplotype Homozygosity test, supplemented with correction for variation in recombination rates across the genome, we created map of selection footprints and detected 173 significant (p < 0.01) core haplotypes being potentially under positive selection. Within these regions, a number of candidate genes associated inter alia with skeletal muscle growth (GDF15, BMP7, BMP4 and TGFB3) or postmortem proteolysis and meat maturation (CAPN1 and CAPN5) were annotated. Noticeable clusters of selection footprints were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 8 and 14, which are known to carry several quantitative trait loci for growth traits and meat quality. The study provides information about the genes and metabolic pathways potentially modified under the influence of directional selection, aimed at improving beef production characteristics in Limousin cattle.
Suicidal ideation in early to middle adolescence: sex‐specific trajectories and predictors
Authors: Adrian Molly , Miller Adam Bryant , McCauley Elizabeth , Vander Stoep Ann 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe present study examined developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation (SI) and predictors of the course of SI across early to middle adolescence in a sample of 521 children utilizing a prospective longitudinal design.MethodA baseline assessment including structured interviews and parent‐ and adolescent‐reported measures was conducted at age 11–12 years, with follow‐up assessments occurring 6, 12, 18, and 36 months later.ResultsGroup‐based trajectory analyses revealed three groups of individuals, one group that remained at low ideation scores throughout the time period examined, another group with moderate ideation scores and a minority of children who had fluctuating SI. Sex differences in SI trajectories were revealed with the highest SI scores at age 12 for boys. For boys in this group, high ideation followed by a steady decline in the slope over time. SI in girls demonstrated a quadratic function increasing from age 12 to 13, and decreasing from age 14 to 15. Factors that predicted SI group membership were identified. Depression, externalizing problems, family and friend support discriminated SI trajectories for both boys and girls. History of a suicide attempt was associated with moderate‐ and high‐declining ideation groups for boys, and moderate and high ideation group for girls.ConclusionsAssessment of SI in adolescents should occur in early adolescents, particularly around the time of school transitions.
Risky bicycling behavior among youth with and without attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Nikolas Molly A. , Elmore Alexis L. , Franzen Luke , O'Neal Elizabeth , Kearney Joseph K. , Plumert Jodie M. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundInjury risk from car–bicycle collisions is particularly high among youth with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we capitalized on advances in virtual environment technology to safely and systematically examine road‐crossing behavior among child cyclists with and without ADHD.MethodsSixty‐three youth (26 with ADHD, 37 non‐ADHD controls) ages 10–14 years crossed 12 intersections with continuous cross‐traffic while riding a high‐fidelity bicycling simulator. Traffic density (i.e., temporal gaps between vehicles) was manipulated to examine the impact of varying traffic density on behavioral indices of road crossing, including gap selection, timing of entry into the roadway, time to spare when exiting the roadway, and close calls with oncoming cars. In addition, parents filled out questionnaires assessing their child's ADHD symptomatology, temperamental characteristics, bicycling experience, and injury history.ResultsADHD youth largely chose the same size gaps as non‐ADHD youth, although ADHD youth were more likely to select smaller gap sizes following exposure to high‐density traffic. In addition, youth with ADHD demonstrated poorer movement timing when entering the intersection, resulting in less time to spare when exiting the roadway. Hyperactivity–impulsivity symptoms were specifically associated with selection of smaller gaps, whereas timing deficits were specifically associated with inattention and inhibitory control.ConclusionFindings highlight two related yet potentially dissociable mechanisms that may influence injury risk among youth with ADHD and provide a foundation for development of injury prevention strategies.