bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the realist turn: a socio‐material analysis of heart failure self‐care
Authors: McDougall Allan , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne , Goldszmidt Mark , Harkness Karen , Strachan Patricia , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor patients living with chronic illnesses, self‐care has been linked with positive outcomes such as decreased hospitalisation, longer lifespan, and improved quality of life. However, despite calls for more and better self‐care interventions, behaviour change trials have repeatedly fallen short on demonstrating effectiveness. The literature on heart failure (HF) stands as a case in point, and a growing body ofHFstudies advocate realist approaches to self‐care research and policymaking. We label this trend the ‘realist turn’ inHFself‐care. Realist evaluation and realist interventions emphasise that the relationship between self‐care interventions and positive health outcomes is not fixed, but contingent on social context. This paper argues socio‐materiality offers a productive framework to expand on the idea of social context in realist accounts ofHFself‐care. This study draws on 10 interviews as well as researcher reflections from a larger study exploring health care teams for patients with advancedHF. Leveraging insights from actor‐network theory (ANT), this study provides two rich narratives about the contextual factors that influenceHFself‐care. These descriptions portray not self‐care contexts but self‐care assemblages, which we discuss in light of socio‐materiality.
Effects of intravenous tryptophan infusion on thermoregulation in steers exposed to acute heat stress
Authors: Sutoh Madoka , Kasuya Etsuko , Yayou Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of tryptophan (TRP) supply on the thermoregulatory responses via brain serotonin (5‐HT) in cattle. In period 1, 12 Holstein steers were kept under a constant room temperature (22°C) and were administered the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of saline or TRP (38.5 mg/kg/2 h). Changes in rectal temperature (RT), 5‐HT concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and other factors involved in thermoregulation were measured. In period 2, the steers received the same treatments as in period 1; however, the room temperature was elevated from 22°C to 33°C during i.v. infusion and maintained at 33°C for 3 h. 5‐HT concentration in CSF increased following TRP infusion in both periods, and RT significantly decreased following TRP infusion only in period 2. The effect of TRP on respiration rate and plasma prolactin and total triiodothyronine concentrations was not significant. These results suggest that increase in TRP supply can attenuate increase in RT in response to acute heat stress through the increase in brain 5‐HT, followed by presumable increase in evaporative heat loss from the skin surface in cattle. It is possible that the increase in peripheral blood TRP metabolites could also participate in the hypothermic effect of TRP.
Report of a human autopsy case in maxillary sinuses augmented using a synthetic bone substitute: Micro‐computed tomographic and histologic observations
Authors: Lee Jung‐Seok , Cha Jae‐Kook , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study of a human autopsy case aimed to characterize the histologic and micro‐computed tomographic results of maxillary sinus augmentation using a synthetic bone substitute and simultaneous implant placement at 6 years.Material and methodsThis report is based on the whole‐body donation of a 62‐year‐old male patient who died due to bladder cancer. Implants had been placed in conjunction with sinus augmentation using a mixture of biphasic calcium phosphate and autogenous bone into both maxillary sinuses 6 years prior to the body donation. The maxillary sinus areas containing implants were gently removed from the cadaver and scanned using high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography. Samples were sectioned, prepared for undecalcified histologic slides and stained with haematoxylin‐eosin.ResultsThe augmented volume was observed up to the apex of the implants, which were successfully osseointegrated. Cross‐sectional micro‐computed tomographic views revealed that the bone‐substitute particles were embedded in radiopaque‐mineralized tissues showing a trabecular pattern around the implants. The histologic analysis revealed mature lamellar bone surrounding the remaining bone‐substitute particles as well as well‐organized bone marrow spaces in the augment bone area and around the dental implants.ConclusionThis human autopsy study histologically confirmed the presence of successful bone formation and long‐term volume stability after sinus augmentation using biphasic calcium phosphate and simultaneous implant placement.
Implementing managed alcohol programs in hospital settings: A review of academic and grey literature
Authors: Brooks Hannah L. , Kassam Shehzad , Salvalaggio Ginetta , Hyshka Elaine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssuesPeople with severe alcohol use disorders are at increased risk of poor acute‐care outcomes, in part due to difficulties maintaining abstinence from alcohol while hospitalised. Managed alcohol programs (MAP), which administer controlled doses of beverage alcohol to prevent withdrawal and stabilise drinking patterns, are one strategy for increasing adherence to treatment, and improving health outcomes for hospital inpatients with severe alcohol use disorders.ApproachMinimal research has examined the implementation of MAPs in hospital settings. We conducted a scoping review to describe extant literature on MAPs in community settings, as well as the therapeutic provision of alcohol to hospital inpatients, to assess the feasibility of implementing formal MAPs in hospital settings and identify knowledge gaps requiring further study. Four academic and 10 grey literature databases were searched. Evidence was synthesised using quantitative and qualitative approaches.Key FindingsForty‐two studies met review inclusion criteria. Twenty‐eight examined the administration of alcohol to hospital inpatients, with most reporting positive outcomes related to prevention or treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Fourteen studies examined MAPs in the community and reported that they help stabilise drinking patterns, reduce alcohol‐related harms and facilitate non‐judgemental health and social care.Implications/ConclusionsMAPs in the community have been well described and research has documented effective provision of alcohol in hospital settings for addressing withdrawal. Implementing MAPs as a harm reduction approach in hospital settings is potentially feasible. However, there remains a need to build off extant literature and develop and evaluate standardised MAP protocols tailored to acute‐care settings.
Ecological traits modulate bird species responses to forest fragmentation in an Amazonian anthropogenic archipelago
Authors: Bueno Anderson Saldanha , Dantas Sidnei M. , Henriques Luiza Magalli Pinto , Peres Carlos A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe assessed patterns of avian species loss and the role of morpho‐ecological traits in explaining species vulnerability to forest fragmentation in an anthropogenic island system. We also contrasted observed and detectability‐corrected estimates of island occupancy, which are often used to infer species vulnerability.LocationTucuruí Hydroelectric Reservoir, eastern Brazilian Amazonia.MethodsWe surveyed forest birds within 36 islands (3.4–2,551.5 ha) after 22 years of post‐isolation history. We applied species–area relationships to assess differential patterns of species loss among three data sets: all species, forest specialists and habitat generalists. After controlling for phylogenetic non‐independence, we used observed and detectability‐corrected estimates of island occupancy separately to build competing models as a function of species traits. The magnitude of the difference between these estimates of island occupancy was contrasted against species detectability.ResultsThe rate of species loss as a function of island area reduction was higher for forest specialists than for habitat generalists. Accounting for the area effect, forest fragmentation did not affect the overall number of species regardless of the data set. Only the interactive model including natural abundance, habitat breadth and geographic range size was strongly supported for both estimates of island occupancy. For 30 species with detection probabilities below 30%, detectability‐corrected estimates were at least tenfold higher than those observed. Conversely, differences between estimates were negligible or non‐existent for all 31 species with detection probabilities exceeding 45.5%.Main conclusionsPredicted decay of avian species richness induced by forest loss is affected by the degree of habitat specialisation of the species under consideration, and may be unrelated to forest fragmentation per se. Natural abundance was the main predictor of species island occupancy, although habitat breadth and geographic range size also played a role. We caution against using occupancy models for low‐detectability species, because overestimates of island occupancy reduce the power of species‐level predictions of vulnerability.
Neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm and very‐low‐birthweight infants born over the past decade: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Pascal Aurelie , Govaert Paul , Oostra Ann , Naulaers Gunnar , Ortibus Els , Van den Broeck Christine 
Published: January 2018

AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to provide an up‐to‐date global overview of the separate prevalences of motor and cognitive delays and cerebral palsy (CP) in very preterm (VPT) and very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted across four databases. Cohort studies reporting the prevalence ofCPand motor or cognitive outcome from 18 months corrected age until 6 years ofVPTorVLBWinfants born after 2006 were included. Pooled prevalences were calculated with random‐effects models.ResultsThirty studies were retained, which included a total of 10 293 infants. The pooled prevalence of cognitive and motor delays, evaluated with developmental tests, was estimated at 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.4–26.3) and 20.6% (95%CI13.9–29.4%) respectively. Mild delays were more frequent than moderate‐to‐severe delays. Pooled prevalence ofCPwas estimated to be 6.8% (95%CI5.5–8.4). Decreasing gestational age and birthweight resulted in higher prevalences. Lower pooled prevalences were found with the Third Edition of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development than with the Second Edition.InterpretationEven though neonatal intensive care has improved over recent decades, there is still a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities resulting fromVPTandVLBWbirths. However, pooled prevalences ofCPhave diminished over the years.What this paper addsThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition reported lower pooled prevalences of motor and cognitive delays than the Second Edition.The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in infants born extremely preterm was reduced compared with previous meta‐analyses.
The interplay between quantitative easing, risk and competition: The case of Japanese banking
Authors: Mamatzakis Emmanuel C. , Vu Anh N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Japanese economy is infamous for the magnitude of bank nonperforming loans that have originated back in the 1990s, whereas they are still causing controversies. Japan is also known for an extended quantitative easing programme of unprecedented scale. Yet the links between risk‐taking activities, quantitative easing and bank competition are largely unexplored. This paper employs, for the first time, the Boone indicator to measure bank competition in Japan to examine these underlying linkages. Given the scale of nonperforming loans, we explicitly measure bank risk‐taking based on a new data set of bankrupt and restructured loans. The dynamic panel threshold and panel Vector Autoregression analyses show that enhancing quantitative easing and competition would reduce bankrupt and restructured loans, but it would negatively affect financial stability. Given the recent adoption of negative rates in January 2016 by the Bank of Japan, our study provides new insights as clearly there is a trade‐off between quantitative easing and financial stability beyond a certain threshold. Caution, therefore, regarding further scaling up quantitative easing is warranted.
A unified framework of plant adaptive strategies to drought: Crossing scales and disciplines
Authors: Volaire Florence 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlant adaptation to drought has been extensively studied at many scales from ecology to molecular biology across a large range of model species. However, the conceptual frameworks underpinning the definition of plant strategies, and the terminology used across the different disciplines and scales are not analogous. ‘Drought resistance’ for instance refers to plant responses as different as the maintenance of growth and productivity in crops, to the survival and recovery in perennial woody or grassland species. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a unified conceptual framework of plant adaptive strategies to drought based on a revised terminology in order to enhance comparative studies. Ecological strategies encapsulate plant adaptation to multidimensional variation in resource variability but cannot account for the dynamic and short‐term responses to fluctuations in water availability. Conversely, several plant physiological strategies have been identified along the mono‐dimensional gradient of water availability in a given environment. According to a revised terminology, dehydration escape, dehydration avoidance, dehydration tolerance, dormancy, and desiccation tolerance are clearly distinguishable. Their sequential expression is expressed as water deficit increases while cavitation tolerance is proposed here to be a major hydraulic strategy underpinning adaptive responses to drought of vascular plants. This continuum of physiological strategies can be interpreted in the context of the ecological trade‐off between water‐acquisition vs. water‐conservation, since growth maintenance is associated with fast water use under moderate drought while plant survival after growth cessation is associated with slow water use under severe drought. Consequently, the distinction between ‘drought resistance’ and ‘drought survival’, is emphasized as crucial to ensure a correct interpretation of plant strategies since ‘knowing when not to grow’ does not confer ‘drought resistance’ but may well enhance ‘drought survival’. This framework proposal should improve cross‐fertilization between disciplines to help tackle the increasing worldwide challenges that drought poses to plant adaptation.
The pathology of lumbosacral lipomas: macroscopic and microscopic disparity have implications for embryogenesis and mode of clinical deterioration
Authors: Jones Victoria , Wykes Victoria , Cohen Nicki , Thompson Dominic , Jacques Tom S 
Published: January 2018

AimsLumbosacral lipomas (LSL) are congenital disorders of the terminal spinal cord region that have the potential to cause significant spinal cord dysfunction in children. They are of unknown embryogenesis with variable clinical presentation and natural history. It is unclear whether the spinal cord dysfunction reflects a primary developmental dysplasia or whether it occurs secondarily to mechanical traction (spinal cord tethering) with growth. While different anatomical subtypes are recognised and classified according to radiological criteria, these subtypes correlate poorly with clinical prognosis. We have undertaken an analysis of surgical specimens in order to describe the spectrum of histological changes that occur and have correlated the histology with the anatomical type of LSL to determine if there are distinct histological subtypes.Methods and resultsThe histopathology was reviewed of 64 patients who had undergone surgical resection of LSL. The presence of additional tissues and cell types were recorded. LSLs were classified from pre‐operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans according to Chapman classification. Ninety‐five per cent of the specimens consisted predominantly of mature adipocytes with all containing thickened bands of connective tissue and peripheral nerve fibres, 91% of samples contained ectatic blood vessels with thickened walls, while 22% contained central nervous system (CNS) glial tissue. Additional tissue was identified of both mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin.ConclusionsOur analysis highlights the heterogeneity of tissue types within all samples, not reflected in the nomenclature. The diversity of tissue types, consistent across all subtypes, challenges currently held notions regarding the embryogenesis of LSLs and the assumption that clinical deterioration is due simply to tethering.
Goal Selection Internally and Externally: A Behavioral Theory of Institutionalization
Authors: Greve Henrich R. , Teh Daphne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper examines a paradox in the behavioral theory of the firm, and highlights how a complementary paradox from institutional theory suggests a theoretical integration with potential for significant progress. Current behavioral theory of the firm research has a strong record of showing a broad range of organizational changes in response to profitability. This is far from the original conception of internal organizational goals that trigger search in the vicinity of the problem. Profitability is a non‐specific goal that results from a multitude of factors, and is in part an externally imposed goal. Its central role in many organizational changes prompts the question of whether other external goals affect the organization as well. In contrast, institutional theory is focused on externally imposed practices, but usually examines specific actions rather than goals, leading to a theory of action without goals. These paradoxes and corresponding gaps in knowledge suggest a need for a behavioral theory of organizational responses to external goals.
Grain boundary driven mechanical properties of ZrB2 and ZrC‐ZrB2 nanocomposite: A molecular simulation study
Authors: Kayser Md Riaz , Adnan Ashfaq 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report the grain boundary driven mechanical behavior of 2 polycrystalline ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs), zirconium diboride (ZrB2) and zirconium carbide (ZrC) with zirconium diboride (ZrC‐ZrB2). These nanocomposites were investigated using large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations. First, the atomistic models of the polycrystalline ZrB2 and ZrC‐ZrB2 nanocomposites were subjected to tensile loading to determine their elastic constants and tensile strengths. It was found that the presence of nanoparticles imparts an insignificant effect on the mechanical properties of ZrB2. It has also been observed that the failure mechanisms of both the ZrB2 and ZrC‐ZrB2 nanocomposite are driven by grain boundary deformation. At any instant during the applied load transfer, local tensile stress distribution data indicate that atomic stress becomes much higher near the grain boundaries compared to other locations. The authors performed additional sets of simulations to obtain tensile and shear properties of grain boundary material. When these properties were compared with the adjacent single crystal and overall polycrystalline material properties, it was found that the shear strength and stiffness of the grain boundary materials are significantly lower than the single crystal or polycrystal ZrB2. It is believed that the overall deformation and failure properties of ZrB2 and its composite are controlled by the properties of grain boundary. Hence, the addition of nanoparticles played an insignificant role on the mechanical properties of ZrB2.
Case report: Cytochrome P450 implications for comorbid ADHD and OCD pharmacotherapy
Authors: Hogan Michaela K. , Rao Nikhil P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTopicThis case report details the treatment of an early adolescent already receiving treatment for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder who presents with recurrent obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Potential atomoxetine (Strattera) and fluoxetine (Prozac) interactions via Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathways are examined and alternate therapies are recommended.PurposeProvide a discussion of psychopharmacogenomics, especially in the case of combining medications, CYP450 enzymes, and clinical implications in the context of the burgeoning field of precision medicine. The following questions are addressed: 1) What are the recommendations for pharmacogenetics testing? 2) How should pharmacogenetics inform medication selection? 3) What impact should CYP450 knowledge have on medication dosing?SourcesPeer‐reviewed journals, U.S. Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Medical Library, and the Clinical Pharmacology database.ConclusionsGenetic testing as a prescriptive tool is not indicated for all medications; however, potential drug–drug interactions, narrow therapeutic drug index, and side effect toxicity contribute to the need for testing. An understanding of CYP450 metabolism and drug interaction as well as metabolism phenotypes should inform prescribing and dosing psychotropic medications.
Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: Maternal and fetal outcomes of 39 pregnancies and a literature review
Authors: Costa Maria Manuel , Belo Sandra , Souteiro Pedro , Neves João S. , Magalhães Daniela , Silva Rita B. , Oliveira Sofia C. , Freitas Paula , Varela Ana , Queirós Joana , Carvalho Davide 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 39 pregnant women who underwent BS in our institution between 2010 and 2014 was carried out. A sample of women who became pregnant after BS was evaluated, based on data concerning pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns.ResultsOf the 1182 patients who underwent BS at our institution during the study period, 1016 (85.9%) were women. Thirty‐nine of these women (with an average age of 31 ± 4.8 years) became pregnant (one twin pregnancy) and 29 of the 39 had undergone a gastric bypass. The mean time interval between BS and pregnancy was 16.6 ± 4.8 months; however, 16 (41%) women became pregnant less than a year after BS. The pre‐BS body mass index (BMI) of the 39 women was 44.5 ± 6.2 kg/m2. The women had a mean BMI of 30.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 when they got pregnant and they gained 13.2 ± 7.3 kg during pregnancy. Iron deficiency was observed in 18 (46.1%) women, 16 (45.7%) had vitamin B12 deficiency, 12 (66.8%) had zinc deficiency, and 20 (60.6%) had vitamin D deficiency. Three women developed gestational diabetes mellitus. Premature rupture of membranes occurred in two pregnancies, preterm delivery in five, and there was one spontaneous abortion. Cesarean section was performed in seven cases. The average newborn weight was 3002 ± 587 g, five were small for gestational age, and one had macrosomia. Three infants had to be admitted to an intensive care unit.ConclusionAlthough pregnancy after BS is safe and well tolerated, close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team is required to evaluate complications resulting from BS, especially a deficit of micronutrients.