bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangiferin activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor pathway to protect SOD1‐G93A induced NSC‐34 motor neurons from oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Su Boyang , He Zhengqing , Liu Jing , Li Mao , Huang Xusheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the main factors in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is oxidative stress. Mangiferin (MF), a natural plant polyphenol, has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of MF in the hSOD1‐G93A ALS cell model. Our result revealed that MF treatment reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased oxidative damage, and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, it was observed that MF significantly increased the synthesis of the antioxidant genes hemeoxygenase‐1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, which are downstream of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 knockdown greatly promoted apoptosis, which was reversed by MF treatment. To summarize, MF promoted the Nrf2 pathway and scavenged MDA and ROS to protect the ALS cell model.
Application and diagnostic points of carotid artery ultrasound in the detection of internal carotid artery absence: Analysis of 16 cases and literature review
Authors: Cheng Pan , Liu Baolong , Yu Delin , Xu Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the ultrasound diagnostic key points and imaging characteristics of absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and to explore the application value of carotid artery ultrasound in the diagnosis of ICA absence.MethodsSixteen patients diagnosed with ICA absence at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data, ultrasound images, and other relevant imaging data were reviewed. The ultrasound diagnostic key points and related imaging characteristics of ICA absence were summarized. Combined with a literature review, the application of carotid artery ultrasound in the diagnosis of ICA absence was discussed.ResultsAmong the 16 patients, there were 10 males and 6 females ages ranging from 13 to 80 years. Among them, 5 patients had a history of cerebral infarction, 1 patient had a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 10 patients had no history of stroke. Among the 16 patients, there were 10 left‐sided lesions, 5 right‐sided lesions, and 1 bilateral lesion. Three patients had concomitant aneurysms. Carotid ultrasound examinations in all 16 ICA absent patients revealed that a significantly slender common carotid artery (CCA) diameter compared to the contralateral (3.91 ± 0.73 vs. 6.92 ± 1.42, p < 0.001). On the side of ICA absence, the bifurcation of the carotid artery was not detected, with the CCA directly continuing as a single artery (external carotid artery, ECA). The temporal superficial artery percussion test was positive in all cases, and the blood flow spectrum of the single artery (ECA) on the side of the absent ICA showed a serrated pattern during diastole. On the side where the ICA was absent, the blood flow spectrum morphology of the CCA and ECA was consistent. Based on other relevant imaging examinations, the patients were classified into Lie types: A (10 cases), B (2 cases), C (1 case), D (1 case), and 2 cases were unclassified.ConclusionCarotid artery ultrasound has the advantages of easy operation, affordability, non‐invasiveness, and capable of dynamic and high repeatability. Compared to other imaging examinations, it can provide more evidence for the diagnosis of ICA absence, and is suitable for widespread application and promotion.
Social anxiety and paranoid beliefs in adolescents
Authors: Kingston J. L. , Schlier B. , Leigh E. , Widyasari D. , Bentall R. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundParanoid beliefs are common in the general adolescent population. The paranoia hierarchy suggests common social evaluative concerns may develop into persecutory thoughts via ideas of reference, a milder intermediary facet of paranoia. Socially anxious concerns and paranoid beliefs co‐occur in adolescent and adult groups, but the specifics of their association is not well understood. In a general population adolescent sample, we examined (a) whether social anxiety and paranoia can be differentiated, (b) patterns of co‐occurrence and (c) psychosocial factors that differentiate social anxiety alone versus in combination with paranoia.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey design, recruiting UK adolescents (n = 604, 14–17 years), via Qualtrics. Participants were quota sampled for equal distribution on age and gender.ResultsMeasurement models supported a hierarchical structure, with separate but correlated general factors of paranoia and social anxiety. This model was invariant across age groups 14–15 and 16–17 years. The largest subgroup of participants with clinically significant symptoms showed elevated social anxiety plus paranoia (21%, n = 124), followed by high social anxiety without paranoia (14%, n = 84). Paranoia without social anxiety occurred the least (7% n = 39). Subgroup comparisons suggested social anxiety plus paranoia was characterised by exposure to threating experiences (discrimination, bullying, adverse life events in the last 12‐month), anxious attachment and high levels of distress, whereas social anxiety was more associated with feeling inferior to others, enhanced loneliness, avoidant attachment and a low sense of belonging.ConclusionsSocial anxiety and paranoia are differentiable in adolescents. Paranoia commonly co‐occurs with social anxiety, especially in those with exposure to threat environments in the last 12‐month. Adolescents with social anxiety plus paranoia reported the highest levels of distress, underscoring the importance of improved understanding of this group.
Broad‐spectrum antiviral effect of MoringaA‐loaded exosomes against IAV by mediating the GCN5‐TFEB‐autolysosome pathway
Authors: Lv Chunmei , Li Ruidong , Yang Dandan , Song Shunqiang , Cheng Xu , Chen Tingting , Chen Lei , Xiong Yongai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInfluenza virus‐induced viral pneumonia is a major threat to human health, and specific therapeutic agents for viral pneumonia are still lacking. MoringaA (MA) is an anti‐influenza virus active compound isolated from Moringa seeds, which can inhibit influenza virus by activating the TFEB‐autophagic lysosomal pathway in host cells. In this study, we obtained exosomes from M2‐type macrophages and encapsulated and delivered MA (MA‐Exos), and we investigated the efficacy of MA‐Exos in antiviral and viral pneumonia in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In addition, we provided insights into the mechanism by which MA‐Exos regulates TFEB‐lysosomal autophagy by RNA sequencing. The MA‐Exos showed broad‐spectrum inhibition of IAV, and significant promotion of the autophagic lysosomal pathway. Meanwhile, we found that GCN5 gene and protein were significantly down‐regulated in IAV‐infected cells after MA‐Exos intervention, indicating its blocking the acetylation of TFEB by GCN5. In addition, MA‐Exos also significantly promoted autophagy in lung tissue cells of mice with viral pneumonia. MA‐Exos can inhibit and clear influenza virus by mediating the TFEB‐autophagy lysosomal pathway by a mechanism related to the down‐regulation of histone acetyltransferase GCN5. Our study provides a strategy for targeting MA‐Exos for the treatment of viral pneumonia from both antiviral and virus‐induced inflammation inhibition pathways.
A new modified Bessel‐type radial basis function for meshless methods: Utilized in the analysis of free vibration in 2D functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli beams
Authors: Hosseini Shahram , Abbaspour Fatemeh , Nazari Romina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadial basis functions (RBFs) are extensively employed in mesh‐free methods owing to their distinct properties. This study presents a novel RBF formulation based on a modified first‐kind Bessel function, introduced for the first time. The efficacy and precision of the proposed function are assessed through an examination of the free vibrations of Euler–Bernoulli beams composed of two‐directional functionally graded materials. Longitudinal and thickness property variations are modeled in polynomial and exponential forms, respectively. The performance of the novel RBF is scrutinized under various boundary conditions (clamped, simply supported, and free), and comparative analyses are conducted against similar investigations and an RBF based on the first‐kind Bessel function. Convergence analysis of the proposed modified first‐kind Bessel function‐based RBF reveals superior convergence rates compared to the first‐kind Bessel function‐based RBF. Moreover, a comparison between results obtained from modeling using the proposed RBF and exact solutions underscores the adequacy of this approach, with a maximum discrepancy of 4.933% observed under clamped‐free boundary conditions. In essence, the findings suggest that the proposed modified first‐kind Bessel function‐based RBF holds promise for analyzing the free vibrations of functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli beams. The primary aim of this research is to introduce and validate a new RBF based on a modified first‐kind Bessel function for the analysis of free vibrations in Euler–Bernoulli beams made of two‐directional functionally graded materials. The study focuses on evaluating the performance and accuracy of this novel RBF in comparison with existing RBFs and exact solutions. By addressing the limitations of conventional RBFs and proposing an innovative approach, this research aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of meshless methods in structural vibration analysis.
Assessing South Indian Ocean tropical cyclone characteristics in HighResMIP simulations
Authors: Pall Pardeep , Gagnon Alexandre S. , Bollasina Massimo A. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Huang Yuner , Beckett Christopher T. S. , Ramanantoanina Harinaivo , Reynolds Thomas P. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeveral damaging tropical cyclones (TCs) have occurred recently over the South Indian Ocean (SIO) region, causing enormous social and economic losses. Yet, while many studies have examined SIO TC characteristics using observations and reanalysis, only a few have assessed these characteristics specifically for this region in climate models, and fewer have investigated their projections under climate change. Here we do this for a historical (1980–2010) and future (2020–2050) period, using multimodel simulations from the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project, as well as examine biases in the historical period relative to a reanalysis (ERA5). The models have horizontal resolutions of 25–50 km, which has enabled an improved ability to represent tropical cyclones globally in previous studies. TempestExtremes software is employed to detect tropical storm and cyclone tracks. In cases where TempestExtremes cannot be applied due to a lack of requisite variables in a dataset, we instead examine extreme wind speeds in that dataset. For the historical period, we find considerable variation in model biases compared to ERA5, which itself exhibits realistic spatial patterns of tracks and their monthly distribution. Models do at least agree on positive biases in track frequency east of Madagascar and somewhat in the Mozambique Channel. However, the models and ERA5 only produce Category 3 tropical cyclones at best. Wind speeds for 25 km resolution models have much larger positive biases than for 50 km ones, suggesting the former can simulate even higher‐category tropical cyclones. Considerable intermodel variation is also found in track changes between the future and historical periods. No systematic intercategory pattern of change exists, and low signal‐to‐noise may obscure any such patterns in the limited timespan of available data. Thus, no meaningful conclusions can be drawn regarding changes in track intensity. Nevertheless, track frequency broadly decreases across models for the region, as does accumulated cyclone energy. An east‐to‐west shift in track location from east of Madagascar toward the Mozambique Channel is also implied by track frequency and wind speed changes. Our findings provide information to potentially improve storm resiliency in this vulnerable region.
Study based on metabolomics and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of Ginseng‐Douch compound fermentation products in the treatment of hyperlipidemia
Authors: Sun Jianfeng , Dong Wenting , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Guodong , Chen Liyan , Huo Jinhai , Wang Weiming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinseng‐Douchi (GD) is a complex fermented product of ginseng and soybean, similar to natto, and is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, but the mechanism of action involved needs to be further explored.RESULTSThe present study combines a comprehensive strategy of network pharmacology and metabolomics to explore the lipid‐lowering mechanism of GD. First, a hyperlipidemia rats model induced by a high‐fat diet was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GD. Second, potential biomarkers were identified using serum metabolomics and metabolic pathway analysis was performed with MetaboAnalyst. Third, network pharmacology is used to find potential therapeutic targets based on the blood‐influencing components of GD. Finally, core targets were obtained through a target–metabolite and the enrichment analysis of biomarkers–genes. Biochemistry analysis showed that GD exerted hypolipidemic effects on hyperlipidemic rats. Nineteen potential biomarkers for the GD treatment of hyperlipidemia were identified by metabolomics, which was mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, alpha‐linolenic acid metabolism and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchor biosynthesis. GD had a callback function for ether lipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Eighteen blood components were identified in serum, associated with 85 potential therapeutic targets. The joint analysis showed that three core therapeutic targets were regulated by GD, including PIK3CA, AKT1 and EGFR.CONCLUSIONThis study combines serum medicinal chemistry of traditional Chinese medicine, network pharmacology and metabolomics to reveal the regulatory mechanism of GD on hyperlipidemia. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding the synergistic effect of pea protein and rice bran protein interaction in stabilizing palm kernel oil‐in‐water emulsion assisted by high‐pressure homogenization
Authors: Tong Shi Cheng , Siow Lee Fong , Tang Teck Kim , Lee Yee Ying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant‐based beverages have recently seen a significant increase in market demand. However, many of these products suffer from poor emulsion stability and low protein content. Gums have commonly been used to enhance emulsion stability but they do not improve the amino acid profile. This study investigated the use of multiples plant proteins to enhance both the stability and nutritional value of plant‐based beverages.RESULTPea and rice bran proteins both enhanced emulsion stability. Pea protein enhanced the viscosity of the continuous phase whereas rice bran protein lowered interfacial tension. When applied synergistically, competitive adhesion occurred. Rice bran protein gradually displaced pea protein from the oil droplet surface as its concentration increased, leading to emulsion destabilization due to the displaced pea protein. The use of high‐pressure homogenization further enhanced the stability of the emulsion by unfolding protein partially. However, increasing homogenization pressure (>500 Bar) and homogenization cycle (>2 cycles) led to protein aggregation due to excessive exposure of its hydrophobic core. The emulsion formed was resistant to coalescence at 4 °C for 28 days and was stable under high pH and low ionic conditions.CONCLUSIONThe synergistic combination of plant proteins and the effective utilization of co‐processing (homogenization) can enhance the functionality of the individual proteins significantly, leading to the formation of a stable emulsion. The use of plant protein mixture as a stabilizer not only improved the emulsion stability but also ensured a plant‐based beverage with a complete amino acid profile for the vegan community. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The Ingestion Question: Public Knowledge of Safe Food Introduction in Children
Authors: Treble Alexander , Siu Jennifer M. , Madan Yasmine , Breton Suzanne , Chiang Jackie , Papsin Blake C. , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesNational guidelines advise delaying initiation of solid foods until after 4–6 months of age and avoiding “high‐risk” foods under the age of 4 years. However, foreign body aspiration of food remains a common preventable pediatric emergency. Our primary aim was to investigate public knowledge regarding the safe age of introduction of different foods to children and determine if demographic factors affect this knowledge.MethodsAn online survey was designed following a literature review and consultation with an expert panel. This was distributed via social media platforms. A review of our institutional data of bronchoscopy/foreign body retrievals was performed to identify trends.ResultsThere were 1000 survey responses: 79.4% of respondents cared for children and 21.5% were medical professionals; 37.7% of respondents (n = 385) would offer high‐risk foods to children <2 years of age and 56.9% (n = 582) to children <3 years. At our institution nuts (65.7%) were the most common food‐related foreign body retrieved from a total of 265 over 21 years. Notably, 80% of respondents (n = 800) would offer whole nuts to children <4 years. Respondents with medical training were more likely to hold off on introducing nuts to children until a later age.ConclusionAlthough the public has an overall appreciation of food safety, a significant proportion would feel comfortable offering high‐risk foods to children under 2 and 3 years. There is a poor understanding of the danger of nuts and the appropriate age of introduction. Further research into effective public education strategies on safe food introduction in children are warranted.Levels of EvidenceV Laryngoscope, 2024
Patchy degradation‐induced changes in soil aggregates and organic carbon in an alpine swamp meadow on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hu Meng‐ai , Yao Zeying , Shi Lina , Wu Qiong , Tang Shiming , Shao Xinqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoil cracking induced by grassland degradation has become increasingly common in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau in recent decades, and the intensification of soil cracking has implications for soil carbon (C) cycling. However, how patchy degradation affects soil aggregates and organic C and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the changes in soil aggregates and organic C across various degradation stages in patchy alpine swamp meadows. The results showed a hump‐shaped trend in the proportion of macroaggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), macroaggregate‐associated organic C (MAOC), and their contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) throughout the degradation sequence. Conversely, the proportion of microaggregates initially decreased and then increased, with the contribution of microaggregate‐associated organic C (MIOC) to SOC increasing as degradation progressed. Regression and piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that soil texture played a decisive role in the change in MAOC and MIOC, and enzyme activity was the key factor leading to the difference between MAOC and MIOC. Enhanced enzyme activity accelerated the decomposition of MAOC while favoring the accumulation of MIOC. These findings are crucial for understanding the mechanisms influencing the physical protection of SOC by aggregates under patchy degradation. This emphasized soil cracking as a turning point in aggregate and organic C changes and a trigger for severe degradation in alpine swamp meadows, warranting proactive measures to mitigate its onset and progression.
Redox‐Active Polyaniline Covalently grafted Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Integrated Digital‐Analogue Memristors
Authors: Che Qiang , Sun Sai , Hou Jie , Fu Xin , Chen Yu , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurface covalent modification of black phosphorus (BP) with organic polymers represents a promising strategy to enhance its stability and tailor its electronic properties. Despite this potential, developing memristive materials through suitable polymer structures, grafting pathways, and polymerization techniques remains challenging. In this study, polyaniline (PANI)‐covalently grafted black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) are successfully prepared with redox functionalities via the in situ polymerization of aniline on the surface of 4‐aminobenzene‐modified BPNS. The PANI coating protects the BP from direct exposure to oxygen and water, and it endows the material with analog memristive properties, characterized by a continuously adjustable resistance within a limited voltage scan range. When subjected to a broader voltage scan, the Al/PANI‐g‐BPNS/ITO device demonstrates a typical bistable digital memristive behavior. The integration of both digital and analog memristive functionalities in a single device paves the way for the development of high‐density, multifunctional electronic components.
Supercontinuum generation in Ga‐Sb‐S chalcogenide‐based PCF using optofluidic approach
Authors: Garg Deepak , Khamaru Akash , Kumar Ajeet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report the design and theoretical study of a Ga‐Sb‐S chalcogenide glass‐based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure for mid‐infrared supercontinuum generation. The proposed design is engineered by adjusting the diameter of air holes in the cladding region and pitch, giving us control over the dispersion characteristics of the fiber. The optimized structure design offers the Zero Dispersion Wavelength of 5.2 μm. When pumped with 50 fs secant hyperbolic pulses of peak power 4.9 kW, for a fiber of length 8 mm at pump wavelength of 5 μm, the proposed structure design produces an ultra‐broadband supercontinuum spectrum spanning 1.5–14 μm. Proposed PCF design should be helpful in, biomedical imaging, supercontinuum sources, biosesning, and optical coherence tomography.
On the influence of the microstructure on multiscale bone simulations
Authors: Blaszczyk Mischa , Hackl Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of osteoporosis is about one in three for women and one in five for men over the age of fifty, making it the most common bone disease worldwide. The disease is characterized by a reduction of the amount of volume percent of cortical bone, weakening the bone and increasing the likelihood of fractures. Modeling and numerical simulations can be used to better understand effects observed in measurements and thus the workings of human bones. Furthermore, they can be used to support the development of new diagnostic tools such as sonography. For this purpose, in previous contributions we developed a two‐scale bone model that considers mechanical, electric and magnetic effects. To connect the scales, we resorted to the finite element square method . For diagnostics, the main quantity of interest is the resulting magnetic field strength, which can be used to draw conclusions about the bone health. In this contribution, we investigate the influence of the used microstructure model in detail. We created different representative volume elements (RVEs), which are for example, randomly orientated, anisotropic, or differ in shape or mesh resolution. In addition, we consider the use of different shape functions in the finite element calculation. We compare our findings with previous results, which were obtained using only regular RVEs. We investigate the extent, to which the microscale results and the overall macroscale simulation results are affected by the choice of the RVE.