bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining university students’ career path intentions from their current entrepreneurial exposure
Authors: Cieślik Jerzy , van Stel André 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to predict future career paths of university students, distinguishing between paid employment, running one’s own independent business and running a family business. The main predictor is the students’ current mode of entrepreneurial exposure, both in terms of the students running their own business, and in terms of their parents running their own business.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a comprehensive survey held in May 2013 among 1,490 business and law students of Kozminski University in Warsaw, Poland. To predict future career expectations in ten years’ time, multinomial logit regressions were employed.

Findings
The authors find that, among students with a family business background, those students who are actively involved in their parents’ business are significantly more likely to pursue joining the family firm, rather than starting their own business.

Practical implications
In order to stimulate business succession, universities with a large proportion of students with family business background may consider launching dedicated programs promoting the interest of students in the businesses run by their parents.

Originality/value
The authors investigate to what extent active participation of university students in their parents’ business is associated with a higher probability to pursue a career in family business. The research has important implications in light of the increasing difficulty in Europe to find successors for family businesses.
Analysing the role of business intelligence, knowledge sharing and organisational innovation on gaining competitive advantage
Authors: Eidizadeh Rosa , Salehzadeh Reza , Chitsaz Esfahani Ali 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to study the role of business intelligence, knowledge sharing and organisational innovation on gaining competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach
The statistical population of the study was the managers and the specialists of some export companies of which 213 persons participated in this research. Path analysis was carried out to analyse and interpret the data by Amos software.

Findings
The results showed that business intelligence has a positive and significant impact on knowledge sharing, organisational innovation and gaining competitive advantage. Further, business intelligence has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage through knowledge sharing and organisational innovation. Knowledge sharing impacts gaining competitive advantage positively and significantly. Finally, organisational innovation impacts gaining competitive advantage positively and significantly.

Originality/value
This research highlights the role of business intelligence, knowledge sharing and organisational innovation on gaining competitive advantage in export companies.
In the margins of training and learning
Authors: Silvennoinen Heikki , Nori Hanna 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution of learning and training opportunities in the Finnish workforce. It will concentrate on the sectors of the workforce that lack these opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
The Working Conditions Barometer (WCB) data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 are used (N = 3,326) in this investigation. The focus of the study is to examine those employees whose learning and training opportunities fail to match the positive visions of the current “super professional hype”. The problems associated with the workforce training margin are considered as a part of the so-called work process debate.

Findings
Findings suggest that age, gender, type of industry and socioeconomic status have an independent influence on an individual’s presence in the training margin: women, older employees, employees in manufacturing and the private service sector and manual workers have a greater risk than others do. The relative differences between the social classes are still prevalent: incapacity and marginalization are primarily working class problems.

Practical implications
The workers should collectively demand certain benefits more forcefully, even when working under fixed-term contracts. Employers should be pressured to organise development opportunities and training for the fixed-term employees, including the type of training that not only benefits an employee in that one company but also the employees’ working life in general. Employers should be persuaded to organise the type of training that improves the chances of a fixed-term or otherwise powerless employee to find a new, perhaps better and more secure job.

Originality/value
Because the percentage of response to the WCB is exceptionally high, 80 per cent on average, the information obtained from the random sample can be generalised to represent all of the working wage earners in Finland and in a European context as well.
Thermal decomposition of solder flux activators under simulated wave soldering conditions
Authors: Piotrowska Kamila , Jellesen Morten Stendahl , Ambat Rajan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The aim of this work is to investigate the decomposition behaviour of the activator species commonly used in the wave solder no-clean flux systems and to estimate the residue amount left after subjecting the samples to simulated wave soldering conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
Changes in the chemical structure of the activators were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique and were correlated to the exposure temperatures within the range of wave soldering process. The amount of residue left on the surface was estimated using standardized acid-base titration method as a function of temperature, time of exposure and the substrate material used.

Findings
The study shows that there is a possibility of anhydride-like species formation during the thermal treatment of fluxes containing weak organic acids (WOAs) as activators (succinic and DL-malic). The decomposition patterns of solder flux activators depend on their chemical nature, time of heat exposure and substrate materials. Evaporation of the residue from the surface of different materials (laminate with solder mask, copper surface or glass surface) was found to be more pronounced for succinic-based solutions at highest test temperatures than for adipic acid. Less left residue was found on the laminate surface with solder mask (∼5-20 per cent of initial amount at 350°C) and poorest acid evaporation was noted for glass substrates (∼15-90 per cent).

Practical implications
The findings are attributed to the chemistry of WOAs typically used as solder flux activators. The results show the importance WOA type in relation to its melting/boiling points and the impact on the residual amount of contamination left after soldering process.

Originality/value
The results show that the evaporation of the flux residues takes place only at significantly high temperatures and longer exposure times are needed compared to the temperature range used for the wave soldering process. The extended time of thermal treatment and careful choice of fluxing technology would ensure obtaining more climatically reliable product.
Offspring development and life‐history variation in a water flea depends upon clone‐specific integration of genetic, non‐genetic and environmental cues
Authors: Harney Ewan , Paterson Steve , Plaistow Stewart J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryTheory predicts that offspring developmental strategies involve the integration of genetic, non‐genetic and environmental ‘cues’. But it is unclear how cue integration is achieved during development, and whether this pattern is general or genotype specific.In order to test this, we manipulated the maternal and offspring environments of three genetically distinct clones of the water fleaDaphnia magnataken from different populations. We then quantified the effect that the genotype, maternal environment and the offspring environment had on the development and life histories of the three different clones.Mothers responded to the same maternal environments in different ways, resulting in clone‐specific maternal effects on neonate size. Offspring responses to maternal cues varied according to the trait in question and were also clone specific. The integration of these maternal effects during development was highly context dependent in two clones but more consistent across environments in the third.Genetic, non‐genetic and environmental cues contributed to offspring phenotypic variation in all three clones, but there was no general pattern linking traits to specific cues. In fact, two clones used different combinations of cues at different points in development to achieve similar phenotypic outcomes. Reaction norms for the age and size at which maturation was initiated differed among genotypes, between maternal environments and across current environments. Developmental transitions such as the decision to mature may thus play an important role in determining patterns of cue integration.Considering multiple traits during development demonstrated that variation in the integration of genetic, non‐genetic and environmental cues was an important determinant of life‐history variation amongD. magnagenotypes. This variation is likely to influence phenotypic evolution.Alay summaryis available for this article.
Ecological interactions and coexistence are predicted by gene expression similarity in freshwater green algae
Authors: Narwani Anita , Bentlage Bastian , Alexandrou Markos A. , Fritschie Keith J. , Delwiche Charles , Oakley Todd H. , Cardinale Bradley J. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Phenotypic variation controls the species interactions which determine whether or not species coexist. Long‐standing hypotheses in ecology and evolution posit that phenotypic differentiation enables coexistence by increasing the size of niche differentiation. This hypothesis has only been tested using macroscopic traits to date, but niche differentiation, particularly of microscopic organisms, also occurs at the molecular and metabolic level.

We examined how phenotypic variation that arises at the level of gene expression over evolutionary time affects phytoplankton species interactions and coexistence.

We predicted that similarity in gene expression among species would decline with phylogenetic distance, and that reduced similarity in gene expression would weaken competition, increase facilitation and promote coexistence.

To test this, we grew eight species of freshwater green algae in monocultures and bicultures for 46 days in a laboratory microcosm experiment. We quantified the strength of species interactions by: (i) fitting Lotka–Volterra models to time‐series densities and estimating interaction coefficients, and (ii) calculating relative densities that compare species’ steady‐state densities in biculture to those in monoculture. We used Illumina high throughput sequencing to quantify the expression of 1253 families of homologous genes, including a set of 17 candidate genes that we hypothesized a priori to be involved in competition or facilitation.

Synthesis. We found that closely related species had greater similarity in gene expression than did distantly related species, but as gene expression became more similar, species experienced weaker competition or greater facilitation, and were more likely to coexist. We identified gene functional categories that were uniquely differentially regulated in association with particular species interaction types. Contrary to common thinking in ecology and evolution, similarity in gene expression, and not differentiation, was associated with weaker competition, facilitation and coexistence.
The Rapid Agricultural Development of Brazil in the Last 20 Years
Authors: Alan Bojanic H. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis article offers an overview of the rapid development of agriculture and the improvements in social conditions in the rural areas of Brazil. It describes and explains some of the major policies that have driven these processes. According to OECD‐FAO projections from 2014, Brazil can become the main exporter of agricultural commodities, hence a major world food supplier for the growing world population. From a net importer of food products in the 1980s, it has become one of the major world producers of maize, soybeans, sugar, orange juice, coffee, beef, poultry and pork meat. At the same time, Brazil managed to improve the social conditions of the rural poor, by reducing poverty and food insecurity to the lowest levels in decades. These changes are explained by a combination and articulation of social and production policies such as cash transfers to the poor, state purchases from family farming, food banks, school meals and water supply programmes; but also heavy investments in human resources, research and extension, access to differentiated credit schemes, export promotion, mechanisms for attracting foreign investments and availability of natural resources under tropical conditions, allowing for two harvests per year. However, all of these could not have been achieved without strong political support from Brazil's decision‐makers.
What Prospects for the Brazilian Ethanol Sector?
Authors: Mielnik Otavio , Serigati Felippe , Giner Céline 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBrazilian ethanol is derived from sugarcane and is mostly used domestically as a transportation fuel either pure or mixed with gasoline. Brazilians will fill their cars with pure ethanol when its pump price in energy equivalent is lower than the price of gasohol, the mandatory mixture of ethanol and gasoline. Over the last decade, Brazilian ethanol companies have used debt financing to meet the expected increase in domestic and international ethanol demand, which did not fully realise. With the current economic crisis, the ethanol sector, the second largest worldwide, is restructuring and seeking additional earning opportunities; co‐generation and valorisation of by‐products are likely to develop. Political commitments towards the ethanol sector through mandatory blending obligations or the fuel taxation system are strong. Domestic ethanol demand should thus remain sustained in the medium term. In addition, sugarcane‐based ethanol has the best GHG emission reduction profile of all biofuels available on a large scale. Advanced ethanol based on sugarcane derived biomass has the potential to perform even better; here Brazil has a major role to play in the future. However massive flows of investments are needed to develop competitive and innovative large‐scale advanced ethanol production facilities in the country.
The skin microbiome of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) has low taxonomic and gene function β‐diversity
Authors: Doane Michael P. , Haggerty John Matthew , Kacev Dovi , Papudeshi Bhavya , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe health of sharks, like all organisms, is linked to their microbiome. At the skin interface, sharks have dermal denticles that protrude above the mucus, which may affect the types of microbes that occur here. We characterized the microbiome from the skin of the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) to investigate the structure and composition of the skin microbiome. On average 618 812 (80.9% ± S.D. 0.44%) reads per metagenomic library contained open reading frames; of those, between 7.6% and 12.8% matched known protein sequences. Genera distinguishing theA. vulpinusmicrobiome from the water column included,Pseudoalteromonas(12.8% ± 4.7 of sequences),Erythrobacter(5. 3% ± 0.5) andIdiomarina(4.2% ± 1.2) and distinguishing gene pathways included, cobalt, zinc and cadmium resistance (2.2% ± 0.1); iron acquisition (1.2% ± 0.1) and ton/tol transport (1.3% ± 0.08). Taxonomic community overlap (100 – dissimilarity index) was greater in the skin microbiome (77.6), relative to the water column microbiome (70.6) and a reference host‐associated microbiome (algae: 71.5). We conclude theA. vulpinusskin microbiome is influenced by filtering processes, including biochemical and biophysical components of the shark skin and result in a structured microbiome.
Earnings Attribution and Information Transfers
Authors: Koo David S. , Julie Wu J. , Yeung P. Eric 
Published: April 2017

AbstractManagers frequently attribute the news in their earnings forecasts to various economic events. Using textual analysis, we identify the economic factors underlying earnings news from press releases. We document a wide range of industry‐wide shocks and firm‐specific actions to which the earnings news in management forecasts is attributed. As expected, earnings attributions significantly affect peer firms’ price reactions to the earnings news. Specifically, earnings news attributed to industry‐wide trends or firm structural changes leads to positive information transfers but earnings news attributed to firm competitive moves triggers negative information transfers. Information transfers are much stronger when each economic factor is mentioned the first time in a given industry‐year. Further analysis reveals that the strength of information transfers varies with firm‐level rivalry within the industry (i.e., similar business strategies, market position, and level of competition).
Bias correction of bounded location errors in presence‐only data
Authors: Hefley Trevor J. , Brost Brian M. , Hooten Mevin B. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Location error occurs when the true location is different than the reported location. Because habitat characteristics at the true location may be different than those at the reported location, ignoring location error may lead to unreliable inference concerning species–habitat relationships.

We explain how a transformation known in the spatial statistics literature as a change of support (COS) can be used to correct for location errors when the true locations are points with unknown coordinates contained within arbitrary shaped polygons.

We illustrate the flexibility of the COS by modelling the resource selection of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) using citizen contributed records with locations that were reported with error. We also illustrate the COS with a simulation experiment.

In our analysis of Whooping Crane resource selection, we found that location error can result in up to a five‐fold change in coefficient estimates. Our simulation study shows that location error can result in coefficient estimates that have the wrong sign, but a COS can efficiently correct for the bias.
Effect of canal preparation with TRUShape and Vortex rotary instruments on three‐dimensional geometry of oval root canals
Authors: Arias Ana , Paqué Frank , Shyn Stephanie , Murphy Sarah , Peters Ove A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the geometry of non‐round root canals after preparation with TRUShape (a novel instrument with s‐shaped longitudinal design) in comparison to conventional rotary instrumentation using micro‐computed tomography. Twenty distal root canals of mandibular molars were randomly distributed in two groups to be shaped with either TRUShape or Vortex rotaries. Percentages of unprepared surface and volume of dentin removal for the entire canal and for the apical 4 mm were calculated. Canal transportation and the structure model index (SMI) were assessed. Data were compared with Student t‐tests. Shaping with both techniques resulted in similar prepared surface and volume of dentin removed, as well as the extent of canal transportation. The SMI shape factor was significantly lower for TRUShape preparations (P = 0.04) suggesting less rounding during rotary preparation. Although both instruments were suitable for the preparation of oval canals, TRUShape appeared to better conform to the original ribbon‐shaped anatomy.
Editorial: CT‐P13, a biosimilar of anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐alpha agent (infliximab), in inflammatory bowel diseases – authors’ reply
Authors: Komaki Y. , Yamada A. , Komaki F. , Micic D. , Ido A. , Sakuraba A. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Komaki et al and Felwick and Cummings papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13990 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14050.
Association between type 2 diabetes, curative treatment and survival in men with intermediate‐ and high‐risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Crawley Danielle , Garmo Hans , Rudman Sarah , Stattin Pär , Zethelius Björn , Holmberg Lars , Adolfsson Jan , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether curative prostate cancer (PCa) treatment was received less often by men with both PCa and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as little is known about the influence of T2DM diagnosis on the receipt of such treatment in men with localized PCa.Subjects and MethodsThe Prostate Cancer database Sweden (PCBaSe) was used to obtain data on men with T2DM and PCa (n = 2210) for comparison with data on men with PCa only (n = 23 071). All men had intermediate‐ (T1–2, Gleason score 7 and/or prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] 10–20 ng/mL) or high‐risk (T3 and/or Gleason score 8–10 and/or PSA 20–50 ng/mL) localized PCa diagnosed between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for receipt of curative treatment in men with and without T2DM. Overall survival, for up to 8 years of follow‐up, was calculated both for men with T2DM only and for men with T2DM and PCa.ResultsMen with T2DM were less likely to receive curative treatment for PCa than men without T2DM (OR 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.87). The 8‐year overall survival rates were 79% and 33% for men with T2DM and high‐risk PCa who did and did not receive curative treatment, respectively.ConclusionsMen with T2DM were less likely to receive curative treatment for localized intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa. Men with T2DM and high‐risk PCa who received curative treatment had substantially higher survival times than those who did not. Some of the survival differences represent a selection bias, whereby the healthiest patients received curative treatment. Clinicians should interpret this data carefully and ensure that individual patients with T2DM and PCa are not under‐ nor overtreated.
Toucans (Ramphastos ambiguus) facilitate resilience against seed dispersal limitation to a large‐seeded tree (Virola surinamensis) in a human‐modified landscape
Authors: Moreira Juan I. , Riba‐Hernández Pablo , Lobo Jorge A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge‐seeded plants may suffer seed dispersal limitation in human‐modified landscapes if seed dispersers are absent or unable to disperse their seeds. We investigated dispersal limitation for the large‐seeded tree Virola surinamensis in a human‐modified landscape in southern Costa Rica. During two fruiting seasons, we monitored crop size, seed removal rates, the number of fruiting conspecifics within 100 m, and feeding visitation rates by frugivores at trees located in high and low forest disturbance conditions. Seed removal rates and the total number of seeds removed were high regardless of the disturbance level, but these parameters increased with tree crop size and decreased with the number of fruiting V. surinamensis trees within a 100 m radius. Trees at low disturbance levels were more likely to be visited by seed dispersers. Black mandibled toucans (Ramphastos ambiguus) and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) were the most important seed dispersers, based on visitation patterns and seed removal rates. Spider monkey feeding visits were more frequent at high disturbance levels, but the monkeys preferentially visited isolated trees with large yields and surrounded by a low number of fruiting Virola trees within 100 m. Toucan visitation patterns were not constrained by any of the predictors and they visited trees equally across the landscape. We suggest that isolated and highly fecund Virola trees are an important food resource for spider monkeys in human‐modified landscapes and that toucans can provide resilience against seed dispersal limitations for large‐seeded plants in human‐modified landscapes in the absence of hunting.