bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Dissipation for Two-Dimensional Hamiltonian Flows
Authors: Bruè Elia , Coti Zelati Michele , Marconi Elio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet $$H\in C^1\cap W^{2,p}$$

H
∈

C
1

∩

W

2
,
p

be an autonomous, non-constant Hamiltonian on a compact 2-dimensional manifold, generating an incompressible velocity field $$b=\nabla ^\perp H$$

b
=

∇
⊥

H

. We give sharp upper bounds on the enhanced dissipation rate of b in terms of the properties of the period T(h) of the closed orbit $$\{H=h\}$$

{
H
=
h
}

. Specifically, if $$0<\nu \ll 1$$

0
<
ν
≪
1

is the diffusion coefficient, the enhanced dissipation rate can be at most $$O(\nu ^{1/3})$$

O
(

ν

1
/
3

)

in general, the bound improves when H has isolated, non-degenerate elliptic points. Our result provides the better bound $$O(\nu ^{1/2})$$

O
(

ν

1
/
2

)

for the standard cellular flow given by $$H_{\textsf{c}}(x)=\sin x_1 \sin x_2$$

H
c

(
x
)

=
sin

x
1

sin

x
2

, for which we can also prove a new upper bound on its mixing rate and a lower bound on its enhanced dissipation rate. The proofs are based on the use of action-angle coordinates and on the existence of a good invariant domain for the regular Lagrangian flow generated by b.
Uniform Positivity of the Lyapunov Exponent for Monotone Potentials Generated by the Doubling Map
Authors: Zhang Zhenghe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that for any doubling map generated $$C^1$$

C
1

monotone potential with derivative uniformly bounded away from zero and infinity, the Lyapunov exponent of the associated Schrödinger operators is bounded below by $$\log {\lambda }-C$$

log
λ
-
C

for all energies, where C depends only on the potential. In particular, it answers an open question [D, Problem 5] raised by D. Damanik.
Juveniles of a biparental cichlid fish compensate lack of parental protection by improved shoaling performance
Authors: Zacke Maren Annika , Thünken Timo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractParental brood care greatly affects offspring’s fitness, but the specific effects of care on the collective behaviour of independent offspring are less well understood. It has been suggested that the loss of care induces increased sibling cooperation to compensate parental contributions. However, the empirical evidence is ambiguous. Here, we examined how the loss of early parental care affects the collective behaviour, i.e. shoaling performance of independent juveniles in a genetically heterogeneous lab-population of the biparental cichlid fish Pelvicachromis pulcher. Applying a split-clutch design, we reared in- and outbred offspring with or without parents. In the experiment, we examined shoal density (inter-individual distance) in relation to body size of the shoaling fish. Dense shoaling reduces predation risk and small fish may benefit strongest because they are particularly vulnerable to predation by gape-limited predators. Juveniles reared without parents formed denser shoals and they adjusted shoaling behaviour depending on own body size compared to juveniles reared with parents; especially smaller fish formed dense shoals. Inbreeding did not significantly affect shoaling performance. This indicates that juveniles compensate missing parental care by adjusting their shoaling behaviour depending on own vulnerability. Our study contributes to the understanding of the co-evolution of brood care and sibling cooperation.
Acalabrutinib in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Primary analysis from an open-label, multicenter phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Yang Shenmiao , Huang Haiwen , Zhou Keshu , Zhao Xielan , Han Yanqiu , Li Lindong , Wang Yujie , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Jianyong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcalabrutinib is a highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in the United States and Europe for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) based on phase 3 trials with limited representation of Asian populations. This phase 1/2 trial evaluates acalabrutinib in Chinese adults with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL receiving acalabrutinib 100 mg twice daily in 28-day cycles until disease progression or treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) presenting substantial clinical risk. The primary endpoint was blinded independent central review (BICR)-assessed overall response rate (ORR). A total of 60 patients from 20 sites in China received acalabrutinib (median age 62 years; median 1 prior therapy line; 21.7% with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutation; 51.7% with unmutated IGHV). Median total treatment duration was 19.4 months (range 0.6–28.2) with 53 patients (88.3%) receiving acalabrutinib at data cutoff; median study follow-up was 20.2 months. BICR-assessed ORR was 85.0% (95% CI, 73.4–92.9). Median duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Estimated 12-month and 18-month PFS rates were 91.5% (95% CI, 80.9–96.4) and 78.8% (95% CI, 60.9–89.2); OS rates were both 96.7% (95% CI, 87.3–99.2). AEs of grade ≥ 3 occurred in 25 patients (41.7%), most commonly decreased neutrophil count (13.3%, n = 8), pneumonia (6.7%, n = 4), and upper respiratory tract infection (6.7%, n = 4). AEs led to treatment discontinuation in 2 patients (paraneoplastic pemphigus; rectal neoplasm). This study demonstrated high ORR in acalabrutinib-treated Chinese patients with R/R CLL with no unexpected safety concerns. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03932331).
Optimizing climate model selection in regional studies using an adaptive weather type based framework: a case study for extreme heat in Belgium
Authors: Serras Fien , Vandelanotte Kobe , Borgers Ruben , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Termonia Piet , Demuzere Matthias , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSelecting climate model projections is a common practice for regional and local studies. This process often relies on local rather than synoptic variables. Even when synoptic weather types are considered, these are not related to the variable or climate impact driver of interest. Therefore, most selection procedures may not sufficiently account for atmospheric dynamics and climate change impact uncertainties. This study outlines a selection methodology that addresses both these shortcomings. Our methodology first optimizes the Lamb Weather Type classification for the variable and region of interest. In the next step, the representation of the historical synoptic dynamics in Global Climate Models (GCMs) is evaluated and accordingly, low-performing models are excluded. In the last step, indices are introduced that quantify the climate change signals related to the impact of interest. Using these indices, a scoring method results in assessing the suitability of GCMs. To illustrate the applicability of the methodology, a case study of extreme heat in Belgium was carried out. This framework offers a comprehensive method for selecting relevant climate projections, applicable in model ensemble-based research for various climate variables and impact drivers.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Kohlhoff Georgia , Kirwan Richard , Mushtaq Sohail 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathology in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) involved in increased rates of cardiometabolic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Low serum vitamin D is often associated with insulin resistance but there is no consensus on whether vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate markers of IR in PCOS.

Objectives
We assessed evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation (≥ 1000 IU/day), without the use of additional supplements or other pharmacological treatments known to affect IR, on markers of IR and glycemic control in women with PCOS.

Design
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases from January 2000 up to November 2023. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were included.

Results
9 studies were identified. Study populations ranged from 28 to 180 participants, with mean ages ranging from 22 to 30 years. Daily vitamin D doses ranged from 1714-12,000 IU. Of the included studies, 3 reported statistically significant reductions in fasting glucose, 2 reported reductions in fasting insulin, 2 reported reductions in HOMA-IR, none reported reductions in HbA1c and 5 reported no differences in any of the relevant outcomes.

Conclusions
In conclusion, in RCTs of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, the majority of studies do not report statistically significant improvements in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c or HOMA-IR. However, as a minority of studies report some statistically significant results, further investigation may be warranted.

Registry
PROSPERO ID: CRD42023486144
Mood disorders and suicide: pilot study on postmortem toxicologic evidence and adherence to psychiatric therapy by determining blood levels of medications
Authors: Tambuzzi Stefano , Travaini Guido , Gambini Orsola , Collini Federica , Ginepro Lorenzo , Attanasio Francesco , Fregna Lorenzo , Zucca Federica , Di Candia Domenico , Amadeo Alida , Colombo Cristina , Battistini Alessio , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death today, and among all mental illness, mood disorders account for one of the main risk factors. It is well known and proven that suicides are very common among people undergoing treatment and prescribed psychiatric medication. So far, however, there have only been a few studies dealing with this particular phenomenon. For this reason, autopsy patients who died by suicide, suffered from a mood disorder, and were known to be taking psychiatric medication at the time of death were selected for this study. The blood and urine samples taken during the autopsy underwent toxicological analysis and the results were compared with the prescribed therapy. A total of 22 people were included in the study: 12 presenting with depression and 10 with bipolar disorder. The toxicological analysis revealed that only 6 cases (27%) showed a qualitative match with the prescribed medication. In 5 cases (22.7%) the medication was only partially complied with and in 11 cases (50%) it was not complied with at all. Furthermore, even when medication was present, the value was often below the therapeutic range. Overall, more than 70% of the test subjects adhered to their medication only partially or not at all. Since treatment adherence is considered as a key factor in reducing the risk of suicide, this inevitably raises relevant clinical and forensic questions. Against this background, prospective monitoring of post-mortem medication levels in suicidal individuals and synergistic collaboration between clinicians and forensic pathologists could help to evaluate the effectiveness of specific medical interventions, highlight existing critical problems and develop new approaches to suicide prevention.
The management of retrorectal tumors – a single-center analysis of 21 cases and overview of the literature
Authors: Fechner K. , Bittorf B. , Langheinrich M. , Weber K. , Brunner M. , Grützmann R. , Matzel K. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
Retrorectal tumors are rare and heterogeneous. They are often asymptomatic or present with nonspecific symptoms, making management challenging. This study examines the diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal tumors.

Methods
Between 2002 and 2022, 21 patients with retrorectal tumors were treated in our department. We analyzed patient characteristics, diagnosis and treatment modalities retrospectively. Additionally, a literature review (2002–2023, “retrorectal tumors” and “presacral tumors”, 20 or more cases included) was performed.

Results
Of the 21 patients (median age 54 years, 62% female), 17 patients (81%) suffered from benign lesions and 4 (19%) from malignant lesions. Symptoms were mostly nonspecific, with pain being the most common (11/21 (52%)). Diagnosis was incidental in eight cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 20 (95%) and biopsy was obtained in 10 (48%). Twenty patients underwent surgery, mostly via a posterior approach (14/20 (70%)). At a mean follow-up of 42 months (median 10 months, range 1–166 months), the local recurrence rate was 19%. There was no mortality. Our Pubmed search identified 39 publications.

Conclusion
Our data confirms the significant heterogeneity of retrorectal tumors, which poses a challenge to management, especially considering the often nonspecific symptoms. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, our data highlights the importance of MRI and surgical resection. In particular a malignancy rate of almost 20% warrants a surgical resection in case of the findings of a retrorectal tumour. A local recurrence rate of 19% supports the need for follow up.
A methodology for gene level omics-WAS integration identifies genes influencing traits associated with cardiovascular risks: the Long Life Family Study
Authors: Acharya Sandeep , Liao Shu , Jung Wooseok J. , Kang Yu S. , Moghaddam Vaha Akbary , Feitosa Mary F. , Wojczynski Mary K. , Lin Shiow , Anema Jason A. , Schwander Karen , Connell Jeff O. , Province Michael A. , Brent Michael R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Long Life Family Study (LLFS) enrolled 4953 participants in 539 pedigrees displaying exceptional longevity. To identify genetic mechanisms that affect cardiovascular risks in the LLFS population, we developed a multi-omics integration pipeline and applied it to 11 traits associated with cardiovascular risks. Using our pipeline, we aggregated gene-level statistics from rare-variant analysis, GWAS, and gene expression-trait association by Correlated Meta-Analysis (CMA). Across all traits, CMA identified 64 significant genes after Bonferroni correction (p ≤ 2.8 × 10–7), 29 of which replicated in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohort. Notably, 20 of the 29 replicated genes do not have a previously known trait-associated variant in the GWAS Catalog within 50 kb. Thirteen modules in Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) networks are significantly enriched in genes with low meta-analysis p-values for at least one trait, three of which are replicated in the FHS cohort. The functional annotation of genes in these modules showed a significant over-representation of trait-related biological processes including sterol transport, protein-lipid complex remodeling, and immune response regulation. Among major findings, our results suggest a role of triglyceride-associated and mast-cell functional genes FCER1A, MS4A2, GATA2, HDC, and HRH4 in atherosclerosis risks. Our findings also suggest that lower expression of ATG2A, a gene we found to be associated with BMI, may be both a cause and consequence of obesity. Finally, our results suggest that ENPP3 may play an intermediary role in triglyceride-induced inflammation. Our pipeline is freely available and implemented in the Nextflow workflow language, making it easily runnable on any compute platform (https://nf-co.re/omicsgenetraitassociation).
Graph network-based human movement prediction for socially-aware robot navigation in shared workspaces
Authors: Dik Casper , Emmanouilidis Christos , Duqueroie Bertrand 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMethods for socially-aware robot path planning are increasingly needed as robots and humans increasingly coexist in shared industrial spaces. The practice of clearly separated zones for humans and robots in shop floors is transitioning towards spaces where both humans and robot operate, often collaboratively. To allow for safer and more efficient manufacturing operations in shared workspaces, mobile robot fleet path planning needs to predict human movement. Accounting for the spatiotemporal nature of the problem, the present work introduces a spatiotemporal graph neural network approach that uses graph convolution and gated recurrent units, together with an attention mechanism to capture the spatial and temporal dependencies in the data and predict human occupancy based on past observations. The obtained results indicate that the graph network-based approach is suitable for short-term predictions but the rising uncertainty beyond short-term would limit its applicability. Furthermore, the addition of learnable edge weights, a feature exclusive to graph neural networks, enhances the predictive capabilities of the model. Adding workspace context-specific embeddings to graph nodes has additionally been explored, bringing modest performance improvements. Further research is needed to extend the predictive capabilities beyond the range of scenarios captured through the original training, and towards establishing standardised benchmarks for testing human motion prediction in industrial environments.
Does the coronal deformity angular ratio affect bracing outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
Authors: Ragborg Lærke C. , Thornberg David , Johnson Megan , McIntosh Amy , Sucato Daniel , Gehrchen Martin , Dahl Benny , Ohrt-Nissen Søren 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine if coronal deformity angular ratio (C-DAR) serves as a predictor for progression to surgical magnitude in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) treated with thoracolumbar sacral orthosis (TLSO).

Methods
Patients with AIS, prescribed a full-time TLSO, Cobb angle 20–40°, Risser 0–2, who wore the brace ≥ 12.9 h and reached skeletal maturity/surgery were included retrospectively. C-DAR was defined as the Cobb angle divided by the number of vertebrae in the curve, yielding a larger value in short curves. The association between C-DAR and the risk of progression to surgical magnitude (> 45°) was assessed. Secondly, we evaluated the association between pre-treatment Cobb angle and in-brace correction on the risk of progression to > 45°.

Results
We included 165 patients with a mean Cobb angle of 30 ± 6°. Of these, 46/165 (28%) progressed ≥ 6° and 26/165 (16%) reached surgical magnitude at the end of treatment. C-DAR was a significant predictor for risk of progression to surgical magnitude with an OR of 1.9 (CI 1.2–2.9) per unit increase in C-DAR. A threshold value of 5.15 was established and demonstrated an OR 5.9 (CI 2.1–17.9) for curve progression to a surgical magnitude. Likewise, pre-treatment Cobb angle showed a significant OR 1.3(CI 1.2–1.4) per degree increase in Cobb, whereas in-brace % correction showed OR 0.96 (CI 0.93–0.98).

Conclusion
C-DAR is an independent predictor for progression to a surgical magnitude in AIS patients treated with bracing. Patients with a higher C-DAR should be counseled to help set realistic expectations regarding the likelihood of curve progression despite compliance with brace wear.
Puberty changes the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis: three prediction models for future radiographic curve severity from 1563 consecutive patients
Authors: Negrini Stefano , Yaskina Maryna , Donzelli Sabrina , Negrini Alberto , Rebagliati Giulia , Cordani Claudio , Zaina Fabio , Parent Eric C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding idiopathic scoliosis (IS) natural history during growth is essential for shared decision-making between patients and physicians. We developed a retrospective model with the largest available sample in the literature and we aimed to investigate if using three peri-pubertal growth periods provides better prediction than a unique model.

Methods
Secondary analysis of a previous study on IS natural history data from radiographs before and at the first consult. Three groups: BEFORE (age 6–10), AT (age 11-Risser 2) and AFTER (from Risser 3) the pubertal growth spurt. Available predictors: Cobb angle, curve type, sex, observation time, and Risser score. We used linear mixed-effects models to predict future Cobb angles in each group. We internally validated prediction accuracy with over 100 patients per group (3 to 5-fold cross-validation).

Results
We included 1563 participants (275 BEFORE, 316 AFTER, 782 females and 190 males AT). Curves increased over time mostly in AT, importantly in BEFORE, but also in AFTER. All models performed better than the general one. In BEFORE, 74.2% of the predictions were within ± 5o, 71.8% in AFTER, 68.2% in AT females, and 60.4% in males. The predictors (baseline curve, observation time also squared and cubic, and Risser score) were similar in all the models, with sex influencing only AFTER.

Conclusion
IS curve severities increase differently during growth with puberty stages. Model accuracy increases when tailored by growth spurt periods. Our models may help patients and clinicians share decisions, identify the risk of progression and inform treatment planning.
Where has hydrogeologic science been, and where is it going? Research trends in hydrogeology publishing over the past 60 years
Authors: Christenson Catherine , Cardiff Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuantifying historical research trends in the field of hydrogeology is not only generally informative for hydrogeologists but is essential for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and assessing the relationship between academic study and societal interests in hydrogeologic issues. To address this, a topic model was applied to over 37,000 academic abstracts published in over 20 journals between 1963–2022 in the field of hydrogeology to study the evolution of topic trends through time. Model results were fed into the popular large-language model ChatGPT to assign topic names, representing an unsupervised method. The results indicate that, historically, popular topics related to methodological development and analytical and numerical models analytical and numerical methods in groundwater flow modeling and well hydraulics have given way to topics related to more increasingly complex models (groundwater monitoring and uncertainty estimation and groundwater modeling calibration and simulation) as data and computational capability becomes increasingly available. An insight into the period of boom-and-bust in contaminant hydrogeology is reflected by a shift in focus from topics related to assessment and characterization of contaminant sources toward topics related to degradation and remediation methods. Topics of emerging prevalence (sustainable groundwater resource management, catchment hydrology and runoff processes) in the current period reflect an increasing focus on treating the surface-water/groundwater system as a single system. In addition, results suggest that topic distribution within the field of hydrogeology has become more varied as time has progressed.
Barriers to creating value with cognitive accessibility features in digital services
Authors: Kärpänen Terhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital services should be designed so that as many people as possible can use them. Designing digital services to be cognitively accessible brings value to the user if the user can use the digital service and understands its content. The benefits of cognitive accessibility, e.g., better customer experience or better usability in digital services, have been studied from the perspective of both users and organisations. Despite the benefits, there can be barriers to designing and implementing usable and understandable digital services. This paper aims to identify service providers’ perceptions of barriers to designing cognitively accessible digital services. When the barriers are understood, entrepreneurs can be supported to design digital services that generate value for customers. To better understand the barriers, qualitative research with semi-structured in-depth interviews was conducted with Finnish entrepreneurs. The results revealed different kinds of barriers to designing and implementing cognitively accessible digital services.