bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Strain‐Dependent Structural Changes of Silkworm Silks: Insight into the Structural Origin of Strain‐Stiffening
Authors: Guo Chengchen , Zhang Jin , Wang Xungai , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Liu Xiang Yang , Kaplan David L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStructure–property relationships of silk is an intriguing topic for silk‐based biomaterials research since these features are related to biomimicking the processing in natural silk fiber formation which results in excellent mechanical properties. Strain‐stiffening is common for spider silks and nonmulberry silkworm silks. However, the structural origin of strain‐stiffening remains unclear. In this paper, the strain‐dependent structural change of Antheraea pernyi silkworm silk is studied by X‐ray fiber diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under stretching. Based on a combination of mechanical and structural analysis, the molecular origins of strain‐stiffening in A. pernyi silk were determined. The relatively high content of the β‐sheets within the amorphous domains in A. pernyi silk is responsible for strain‐stiffening, where “molecular spindles” enhance the extensibility and toughness of the fiber.
Designing Metallic and Insulating Nanocrystal Heterostructures to Fabricate Highly Sensitive and Solution Processed Strain Gauges for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Lee Woo Seok , Lee Seung‐Wook , Joh Hyungmok , Seong Mingi , Kim Haneun , Kang Min Su , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Sung Yun‐Mo , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAll‐solution processed, high‐performance wearable strain sensors are demonstrated using heterostructure nanocrystal (NC) solids. By incorporating insulating artificial atoms of CdSe quantum dot NCs into metallic artificial atoms of Au NC thin film matrix, metal–insulator heterostructures are designed. This hybrid structure results in a shift close to the percolation threshold, modifying the charge transport mechanism and enhancing sensitivity in accordance with the site percolation theory. The number of electrical pathways is also manipulated by creating nanocracks to further increase its sensitivity, inspired from the bond percolation theory. The combination of the two strategies achieves gauge factor up to 5045, the highest sensitivity recorded among NC‐based strain gauges. These strain sensors show high reliability, durability, frequency stability, and negligible hysteresis. The fundamental charge transport behavior of these NC solids is investigated and the combined site and bond percolation theory is developed to illuminate the origin of their enhanced sensitivity. Finally, all NC‐based and solution‐processed strain gauge sensor arrays are fabricated, which effectively measure the motion of each finger joint, the pulse of heart rate, and the movement of vocal cords of human. This work provides a pathway for designing low‐cost and high‐performance electronic skin or wearable devices.
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Nanocarbon Arrays for Substrate Enhancement in Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Ximeng , Guan Cao , Hu Yating , Zhang Lei , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Wang John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDirect assembling of active materials on carbon cloth (CC) is a promising way to achieve flexible electrodes for energy storage. However, the overall surface area and electrical conductivity of such electrodes are usually limited. Herein, 2D metal–organic framework derived nanocarbon nanowall (MOFC) arrays are successfully developed on carbon cloth by a facile solution + carbonization process. Upon growth of the MOFC arrays, the sites for growth of the active materials are greatly increased, and the equivalent series resistance is decreased, which contribute to the enhancement of the bare CC substrate. After decorating ultrathin flakes of MnO2 and Bi2O3 on the flexible CC/MOFC substrate, the hierarchical electrode materials show an abrupt improvement of areal capacitances by around 50% and 100%, respectively, compared to those of the active materials on pristine carbon cloth. A flexible supercapacitor can be further assembled using two hierarchical electrodes, which demonstrates an energy density of 124.8 µWh cm−2 at the power density of 2.55 mW cm−2.
Parinari curatellifolia seed flavonoids protect against Triton‐induced dyslipidemia and atherogenicity in rats
Authors: Crown Olamide O. , Komolafe Titilope R. , Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Olaleye Mary T. , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. , Boligon Aline A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAim
Parinari curatellifolia seed flavonoid extract (PFE) and crude methanol extract (PME) were investigated for their effects on Triton X‐100 (TRT; 200 mg/kg i.p.)‐induced dyslipidemia in rats.MethodsExperimentally induced hyperlipidemic and un‐induced, normal rats were treated with nicotinic acid (300 mg/kg), PFE (20, 25, 30 mg/kg) or PME (100, 150 mg/kg) once daily by gavage for 10 days, following which the biochemistry and histology of the heart, aorta and sera were analyzed.ResultsThe seed extracts produced slight decreases in serum activities of the cardiac markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and did not perturb the cardiac antioxidant status of normal rats. TRT promoted cardiac oxidative stress, decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (75%, P < 0.001) and increased total cholesterol (TC; 97%, P < 0.001), triglycerides (138%, P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c; 281%, P < 0.001), coronary risk index (CRI; sixfold) and atherogenic risk index (ARI; 13‐fold). PFE (20 mg/kg) and PME (150 mg/kg), respectively, restored cardiac antioxidant status and significantly ameliorated the astronomical changes produced by TRT as regards TC (56% and 31%), triglycerides (70% and 66%), LDL‐c (96% and 46%), CRI (92% and 78%) and ARI (99% and 83%), with relatively better efficacy than the reference compound, nicotinic acid (P < 0.01/0.001). In addition, improved heart and aortic histological architecture was observed in rats treated with both extracts. On high‐performance liquid chromatography screening, kaempferol, rutin, and quercitrin were identified as some of the active phytochemicals in PFE.Conclusion
P. curatellifolia seed flavonoids have remarkable anti‐hyperlipidemic and anti‐atherogenic effects in acute dyslipidemia caused by TRT.
Obtaining meteorological data from historical newspapers: La Integridad
Authors: Añel Juan A. , Sáenz Guadalupe , Ramírez‐González Ignacio A. , Polychroniadou Eleni , Vidal‐Mina Renán , Gimeno Luis , de la Torre Laura 
Published: October 2017

The recovery of meteorological data from old documentary sources is of great significance for meteorological and weather research. We describe our recovery of a meteorological series from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from the pioneering A Guarda Observatory in Galicia (Spain). Data series were obtained from meteorological notes appearing in the newspaper La Integridad as published at the time. In total, we recovered data from over 5000 newspapers using more than 60 000 individual measurements.The recovered variables include temperature, pressure, wind, relative humidity, vapour pressure, evaporation, precipitation, and general weather observations. The recovered data allow us to obtain an overview of the weather for this period in the studied region, as well as to validate and complement other independent data sources and to investigate variations that could be related to anthropogenic climate change. The resulting data are now in digital format and have been released for the wider use of the international scientific community and the general public.We also prove the reliability of meteorological forecasts published from time to time in the same newspaper using historical sea‐level pressure data. Finally, we introduce new ozone records reconstructed from the recovered data; these too have huge potential for future climatological and weather research.
An efficient method for isolating mating‐competent cells from bottom‐fermenting yeast using mating pheromone‐supersensitive mutants
Authors: Ota Taku , Kanai Keiko , Nishimura Hisami , Yoshida Satoshi , Yoshimoto Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Osamu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCrossbreeding is an effective approach to construct novel yeast strains with preferred characteristics; however, it is difficult to crossbreed strains of brewer's yeast, especially the bottom‐fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus, because of the relative inefficiency of the available methods to obtain mating‐competent cells (MCCs). Here, we describe a productive method for the isolation of MCCs without artificial genetic modification. We focused on the characteristics of two mating pheromone‐supersensitive mutants, Δbar1 and Δsst2, that show a growth defect in the presence of the mating pheromone. When MCCs secreting α‐factor and a‐factor were spotted on to a lawn of MATa Δbar1 and MATα Δsst2, a halo was observed around the respective MCCs. This plate assay was successful in identifying MCCs from bottom‐fermenting yeast strains. Furthermore, by selecting for cells that caused the growth defect in pheromone‐supersensitive cells on cultures plates, 40 α/α‐type and six a/a‐type meiotic segregants of bottom‐fermenting yeast strains were successfully isolated and crossed with tester strains to verify their mating type. This method of isolation is expected to be applicable to other industrial yeast strains, including wine, sake and distiller's yeasts, and will enable MCCs without genetic modifications to be obtained. As a result, it will be a useful tool for more convenient and efficient crossbreeding of industrial yeast strains that can be applied to practical brewing. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic piezoelectric plate models in microstretch elasticity
Authors: Serpilli Michele 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the formal deduction of piezoelectric plate models in microstretch elasticity, by means of an asymptotic analysis with respect to a small parameter ε, being the thickness of the plate. Two different boundary conditions pertaining to electric quantities are considered, leading to two different models: the sensor model and the actuator model, respectively. Each of the two plate problems turns out to be decoupled into a bending problem and a certain microstretch membrane problem, partially coupled with the electric behavior.
On deformation of porous plates
Authors: Lyapin A. A. , Vatulyan A. O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPorous materials are widespread in different areas of technology, biology, medicine. Therefore, the study of mechanical behavior for different problems of poroelasticity is important. The present work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model for the deformation of porous plates. By completing this, the model of material with voids is used. To implement a plate behavior the plane stress and Kirchhoff hypotheses are introduced. Further realization is based on the variational principle, similar to the Lagrange one. As an example there constructed solutions for the cylindrical bending and in‐plane stretching problem of a porous plate. In addition, the bending problem in the case of a homogeneous disturbed surface load is analyzed in details with a demonstration of the boundary‐layer effect.
National Society of Genetic Counselors Code of Ethics: Explication of 2017 Revisions
Authors: Senter Leigha , Bennett Robin L. , Madeo Anne C. , Noblin Sarah , Ormond Kelly E. , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Swan Kelli , Virani Alice ,   The National Society of Genetic Counselors Code of Ethics Review Task Force (COERTF)
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Code of Ethics (COE) of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) was adopted in 1992 and was later revised and adopted in 2006. In 2016, the NSGC Code of Ethics Review Task Force (COERTF) was convened to review the COE. The COERTF reviewed ethical codes written by other professional organizations and suggested changes that would better reflect the current and evolving nature of the genetic counseling profession. The COERTF received input from the society's legal counsel, Board of Directors, and members‐at‐large. A revised COE was proposed to the membership and approved and adopted in April 2017. The revisions and rationale for each are presented.
Parent Perspectives of Support Received from Physicians and/or Genetic Counselors Following a Decision to Continue a Pregnancy with a Prenatal Diagnosis of Trisomy 13/18
Authors: Wallace Stephanie E. , Gilvary Sara , Smith Michael J. , Dolan Siobhan M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFamilies that choose to continue a pregnancy with a prenatal diagnosis of Trisomy 13/18 are a minority that present unique challenges for those in charge of their care. This study investigated the extent to which these patients felt supported by their healthcare providers, and any differences in the perceived level of support experienced by those working with a physician versus those working with a genetic counselor. Two online support groups, SOFT and Hope for Trisomy, distributed an online survey to their members. Means, standard deviations and chi‐square analysis were calculated to describe their responses. One‐hundred fourteen surveys were included in the final analysis. Respondents were more likely to agree that genetic counselors provided unbiased information in a way that they understood, compared to physicians. Review of qualitative responses found that portrayal of Trisomy 13/18 by healthcare providers used directive language when describing the lethality, morbidity and burden of the condition. Language included terms such as “incompatible with life” and comments on burden to other family members. Healthcare providers can assist families that receive a prenatal diagnosis of Trisomy 13 or 18 by providing up‐to‐date written resources and connecting them with support groups for parents who have received a similar diagnosis. Our study found that involving genetic counselors in the prenatal care of these patients is likely beneficial.
Influence of abandoned cattle enclosures on plant assemblages and herbivory in a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Chikorowondo Gift , Muvengwi Justice , Mbiba Monicah , Gandiwa Edson 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn semi‐arid savannas, abandoned cattle (Bos taurus) enclosures or kraals have been demonstrated to be nutrient‐hotspots for large herbivores. In this study, we examined the interaction between herbivory and forage quality, structure and diversity at 12 kraals (abandoned for 22 years) paired with savanna control plots in Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe. Plant diversity was not different between sites. Herbaceous cover was higher and woody species density lower on abandoned kraals than control plots. Furthermore, abandoned kraals had higher herbaceous productivity and foliar nutrient concentration for grasses than forbs. The abandoned kraals had higher concentration of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), organic carbon (C) compared with control plots and a slightly acidic pH. Grasses were grazed more than forbs on nutrient‐rich abandoned kraals. Only herbaceous biomass for grasses had a significant influence on the interaction between plants and herbivory. No clear relationships were observed between forage quality and herbivory and plant species diversity. Abandoned kraals provide patches of nutrient‐rich forage, increasing savanna heterogeneity and in turn influence grazing patterns of large herbivores, and therefore influence ecosystem functioning. A conservation monitoring programme is recommended on such nutrient‐rich patches as they serve as foraging‐hotspots for herbivores in a dystrophic African semi‐arid savanna.
Sex Differences in Blood HDL‐c, the Total Cholesterol/HDL‐c Ratio, and Palmitoleic Acid are Not Associated with Variants in Common Candidate Genes
Authors: Klingel Shannon L. , Roke Kaitlin , Hidalgo Bertha , Aslibekyan Stella , Straka Robert J. , An Ping , Province Michael A. , Hopkins Paul N. , Arnett Donna K. , Ordovas Jose M. , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Mutch David M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlood lipids are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Moreover, circulating lipid and fatty acid levels vary between men and women, and evidence demonstrates these traits may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Sex‐genotype interactions related to blood lipids and fatty acids have been poorly investigated and may help elucidate sex differences in CVD risk. The goal of this study was to investigate if the influence of SNPs previously associated with blood lipids and fatty acids varies in a sex‐specific manner. Lipids and fatty acids were measured in serum and red blood cells (RBC), respectively, in 94 adults (18–30 years) from the GONE FISHIN’ cohort and 118 age‐matched individuals from the GOLDN cohort. HDL‐c levels were higher and the total cholesterol/HDL‐c (TC/HDL‐c) ratio was lower in women versus men (p < 0.01). RBC palmitoleic acid and the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase index were both higher in women (p < 0.01). Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) pathway activity (estimated using the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha‐linolenic acid) was higher in men (p < 0.01). The AA genotype for rs1800775 in CETP had a lower TC/HDL‐c ratio in men, but not women (pint = 0.03). Independent of sex, major alleles for rs174537 in FADS1 (GG) and rs3211956 in CD36 (TT) had higher arachidonic acid, lower dihomo‐γ‐linoleic acid, and a higher FADS1 activity compared to minor alleles. The current study showed that blood lipid and fatty acid levels vary between healthy young men and women, but that the observed sex differences are not associated with common variants in candidate lipid metabolism genes.
Back to Basics: Environmental Cleaning Hazards
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerioperative personnel must clean and disinfect the perioperative environment numerous times throughout the day to help prevent the risk of exposing patients to pathogenic microorganisms. However, this practice exposes perioperative team members to chemicals that could be harmful to their health. Exposure to cleaning and disinfecting products has been associated with potential health problems such as skin irritation, burns, rashes, and difficulty breathing. This Back to Basics article offers strategies for perioperative team members to implement to decrease their risk of harmful exposure to these products.
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity
Authors: Wadlund Diana L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLocal anesthetics are commonly used in the perioperative environment to facilitate surgical procedures or to provide postoperative pain management for patients. The use of local anesthetics, however, introduces the risk of complications resulting from local anesthetic systemic toxicity and the risks of increased morbidity and mortality for the surgical patient. Systemic toxicity from the injection or overdose of local anesthetics is a rare but potentially fatal complication that occurs in less than 1 in 1,000 patients. This article provides the perioperative nurse with information about local anesthetics, the signs and symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and the information needed to manage a patient experiencing this complication.
Temporary Perioperative Tobacco Cessation: A Literature Review
Authors: Devlin Carol A. , Smeltzer Suzanne C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerioperative tobacco cessation decreases rates of surgical complications associated with the use of tobacco. The link between patient outcomes and reimbursement to health care providers and systems is another important motivating factor supporting temporary pre‐ and postoperative tobacco cessation to improve surgical patient outcomes. The optimal time frame for tobacco cessation to improve surgical outcomes has not been definitively established. We examined the literature from June 1989 to July 2017 regarding various tobacco cessation time frames for perioperative patients, searching MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), the Cochrane Collaboration, and various online‐only journals accessed through Google Scholar. We reviewed evidence from 15 studies that report wide variability in recommended time frames (eg, four to six months) for perioperative tobacco cessation.
The rise of resilience after the financial crises: a case of neoliberalism rebooted?
Authors: Mckeown Anthony , Glenn John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article critically examines recent works on resilience. In so doing, it argues that rather than representing some radical rupture with current practices heralding the dawn of a new era, as David Chandler claims, the emphasis on individuals as resilient subjects simply represents a new phase in the neoliberal shift from the state as provider to state as enabler and promoter of self-reliance. Indeed, our present preoccupation with complexity, uncertainty, and resilience can best be understood as reflecting the consequences of neoliberal policies Moreover, the article further argues that there is an attendant danger that resilience thinking may further promote neoliberal forms of governmentality and encourage a degree of political passivity. The emphasis on resilience is in danger of depoliticising highly political choices, shifting attention toward ex-post policies of survival and recovery rather than challenging the current economic order and resisting the further imposition of neoliberal policies on already beleaguered populations. This article therefore argues for shifting our emphasis towards a Foucauldian analysis of power and resistance.
Quality of care of treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition provided by lady health workers in Pakistan
Authors: Rogers Eleanor , Ali Muhammad , Fazal Shahid , Kumar Deepak , Guerrero Saul , Hussain Imtiaz , Soofi Sajid , Alvarez Morán Jose Luis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality of care provided by lady health workers (LHW) managing cases of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the community.DesignCross-sectional quality-of-care study.SettingThe feasibility of the implementation of screening and treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community by LHW was tested in Sindh Province, Pakistan. An observational, clinical prospective multicentre cohort study compared the LHW-delivered care with the existing outpatient health facility model.SubjectsLHW implementing treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community.ResultsOedema was diagnosed conducted correctly for 87·5 % of children; weight and mid upper-arm circumference were measured correctly for 60·0 % and 57·4 % of children, respectively. The appetite test was conducted correctly for 42·0 % of cases. Of all cases of SAM without complications assessed during the study, 68·0 % received the correct medical and nutrition treatment. The proportion of cases that received the correct medical and nutrition treatment and key counselling messages was 4·0 %.ConclusionsThis quality-of-care study supports existing evidence that LHW are able to identify uncomplicated SAM, and a majority can provide appropriate nutrition and medical treatment in the community. However, the findings also show that their ability to provide the complete package with an acceptable level of care is not assured. Additional evidence on the impact of supervision and training on the quality of SAM treatment and counselling provided by LHW to children with SAM is required. The study has also shown that, as in other sectors, it is essential that operational challenges are addressed in a timely manner and that implementers receive appropriate levels of support, if SAM is to be treated successfully in the community.