bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐group relatedness is correlated with colony‐level social structure and reproductive sharing in a social fish
Authors: Hellmann Jennifer K. , Sovic Michael G. , Gibbs H. Lisle , Reddon Adam R. , O'Connor Constance M. , Ligocki Isaac Y. , Marsh‐Rollo Susan , Balshine Sigal , Hamilton Ian M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn group‐living species, the degree of relatedness among group members often governs the extent of reproductive sharing, cooperation and conflict within a group. Kinship among group members can be shaped by the presence and location of neighbouring groups, as these provide dispersal or mating opportunities that can dilute kinship among current group members. Here, we assessed how within‐group relatedness varies with the density and position of neighbouring social groups in Neolamprologus pulcher, a colonial and group‐living cichlid fish. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) methods to generate thousands of polymorphic SNPs. Relative to microsatellite data, RADseq data provided much tighter confidence intervals around our relatedness estimates. These data allowed us to document novel patterns of relatedness in relation to colony‐level social structure. First, the density of neighbouring groups was negatively correlated with relatedness between subordinates and dominant females within a group, but no such patterns were observed between subordinates and dominant males. Second, subordinates at the colony edge were less related to dominant males in their group than subordinates in the colony centre, suggesting a shorter breeding tenure for dominant males at the colony edge. Finally, subordinates who were closely related to their same‐sex dominant were more likely to reproduce, supporting some restraint models of reproductive skew. Collectively, these results demonstrate that within‐group relatedness is influenced by the broader social context, and variation between groups in the degree of relatedness between dominants and subordinates can be explained by both patterns of reproductive sharing and the nature of the social landscape.
Microbiome evolution along divergent branches of the vertebrate tree of life: what is known and unknown
Authors: Colston Timothy J. , Jackson Colin R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVertebrates harbour microbes both internally and externally, and collectively, these microorganisms (the ‘microbiome’) contain genes that outnumber the host's genetic information 10‐fold. The majority of the microorganisms associated with vertebrates are found within the gut, where they influence host physiology, immunity and development. The development of next‐generation sequencing has led to a surge in effort to characterize the microbiomes of various vertebrate hosts, a necessary first step to determine the functional role these communities play in host evolution or ecology. This shift away from a culture‐based microbiological approach, limited in taxonomic breadth, has resulted in the emergence of patterns suggesting a core vertebrate microbiome dominated by members of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Still, there is a substantial variation in the methodology used to characterize the microbiome, from differences in sample type to issues of sampling captive or wild hosts, and the majority (>90%) of studies have characterized the microbiome of mammals, which represent just 8% of described vertebrate species. Here, we review the state of microbiome studies of nonmammalian vertebrates and provide a synthesis of emerging patterns in the microbiome of those organisms. We highlight the importance of collection methods, and the need for greater taxonomic sampling of natural rather than captive hosts, a shift in approach that is needed to draw ecologically and evolutionarily relevant inferences. Finally, we recommend future directions for vertebrate microbiome research, so that attempts can be made to determine the role that microbial communities play in vertebrate biology and evolution.
Ground Motion Prediction Equation Development by Heterogeneous Bayesian Learning
Authors: Mu He‐Qing , Yuen Ka‐Veng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn ground motion prediction, the key is to develop a suitable and reliable GMPE (ground motion prediction equation) characterizing the ground motion pattern of the target seismic region. There are two critical goals encountered in GMPE development. Proposing a suitable predictive formula applicable to target seismic region has attracted much of the attention in previous studies. On the other hand, dependence between prediction–error variance and ground motion data has been observed and the study on this kind of heterogeneous relation becomes an important task yet to be explored. In this article, a novel HEteRogeneous BAyesian Learning (HERBAL) approach is proposed for achieving these two goals simultaneously. The homogeneity assumption on error in the traditional learning approach is relaxed, so the proposed approach is applicable for more general heterogeneous cases. With the generalization made on the traditional Bayesian learning by embedding the derived closed form expression for error variance parameter optimization component into the hyperparameter optimization of ARD (automatic relevance determination) prior, the proposed learning approach is capable of performing continuous model training on a prescribed predictive formula with unknown error pattern. A database of strong ground motion records in the Tangshan region of China is obtained for the analysis. It is shown that the trained optimal model class by the proposed approach is promising as that, the trained optimal model class retains model simplicity of the predictive formula with capability on both robustness enhancement ground motion prediction and precise determination of the error pattern.
Fungal phytopathogens encode functional homologues of plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides
Authors: Thynne Elisha , Saur Isabel M. L. , Simbaqueba Jaime , Ogilvie Huw A. , Gonzalez‐Cendales Yvonne , Mead Oliver , Taranto Adam , Catanzariti Ann‐Maree , McDonald Megan C. , Schwessinger Benjamin , Jones David A. , Rathjen John P. , Solomon Peter S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this article, we describe the presence of genes encoding close homologues of an endogenous plant peptide, rapid alkalinization factor (RALF), within the genomes of 26 species of phytopathogenic fungi. Members of the RALF family are key growth factors in plants, and the sequence of the RALF active region is well conserved between plant and fungal proteins. RALF1‐like sequences were observed in most cases; however, RALF27‐like sequences were present in the Sphaerulina musiva and Septoria populicola genomes. These two species are pathogens of poplar and, interestingly, the closest relative to their respective RALF genes is a poplar RALF27‐like sequence. RALF peptides control cellular expansion during plant development, but were originally defined on the basis of their ability to induce rapid alkalinization in tobacco cell cultures. To test whether the fungal RALF peptides were biologically active in plants, we synthesized RALF peptides corresponding to those encoded by two sequenced genomes of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. One of these peptides inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings and elicited responses in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana typical of endogenous plant RALF peptides (reactive oxygen species burst, induced alkalinization and mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation). Gene expression analysis confirmed that a RALF‐encoding gene in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was expressed during infection on tomato. However, a subsequent reverse genetics approach revealed that the RALF peptide was not required by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici for infection on tomato roots. This study has demonstrated the presence of functionally active RALF peptides encoded within phytopathogens that harbour an as yet undetermined role in plant–pathogen interactions.
Fusarium sacchari, a cause of mycotic keratitis among sugarcane farmers – a series of four cases from North India
Authors: Bansal Yashik , Chander Jagdish , Kaistha Neelam , Singla Nidhi , Sood Sunandan , van Diepeningen Anne D. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe two most common filamentous fungi causing mycotic keratitis are Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. Around 70 Fusarium spp. are involved in causing human infections. In this study, four cases of keratitis in sugarcane farmers in India are being reported, caused by the sugar cane pathogen Fusarium sacchari, a species of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Fusarial keratitis was established by potassium hydroxide/Calcofluor white wet mounts and fungal culture of corneal scrapings on conventional media. Final identification was done by genetic sequencing at CBS‐KNAW, Utrecht, The Netherlands. The antifungal susceptibility testing was done using broth microdilution method as per CLSI document M38‐A2. Four cases of F. sacchari keratitis were identified. Three of them had trauma with sugarcane leaves, whereas one sugarcane farmer reported trauma by vegetative matter. The morphological similarities among various Fusarium species warrant use of molecular methods for identification of cryptic species. A wide distribution of sugarcane farming could be the possible explanation for emergence of F. sacchari keratitis in India.
Monopodial and sympodial branching architecture in cotton is differentially regulated by the Gossypium hirsutum SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS and SELF‐PRUNING orthologs
Authors: McGarry Roisin C. , Prewitt Sarah F. , Culpepper Samantha , Eshed Yuval , Lifschitz Eliezer , Ayre Brian G. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Domestication of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) converted it from a lanky photoperiodic perennial to a day‐neutral annual row‐crop. Residual perennial traits, however, complicate irrigation and crop management, and more determinate architectures are desired. Cotton simultaneously maintains robust monopodial indeterminate shoots and sympodial determinate shoots. We questioned if and how the FLOWERING LOCUS T/SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT)‐like and TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF‐PRUNING (SP)‐like genes control the balance of monopodial and sympodial growth in a woody perennial with complex growth habit.

Virus‐based manipulation of GhSP and GhSFT expression enabled unprecedented functional analysis of cotton development.

GhSP maintains growth in all apices; in its absence, both monopodial and sympodial branch systems terminate precociously. GhSFT encodes a florigenic signal stimulating rapid onset of sympodial branching and flowering in side shoots of wild photoperiodic and modern day‐neutral accessions. High florigen concentrations did not alter monopodial apices, implying that once a cotton apex is SP‐determined, it cannot be reset by florigen. GhSP is also essential to establish and maintain cambial activity.

Dynamic changes in GhSFT and GhSP levels navigate meristems between monopodial and sympodial programs in a single plant. SFT and SP influenced cotton domestication and are ideal targets for further agricultural optimization.
Atypical Forms of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Prospective Study of 47 Italian Children
Authors: Neri Iria , Dondi Arianna , Wollenberg Andreas , Ricci Lorenza , Ricci Giampaolo , Piccirilli Giulia , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAtypical forms of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by coxsackievirus A6 have been reported in recent years. High fever and severe cutaneous lesions are common, whereas neurologic complications are rare. Eczematous areas of patients with atopic dermatitis show more lesions. The goal of the current study was to describe the clinical characteristics of children with atypical HFMD and to investigate the involvement of the different enterovirus serotypes associated.MethodsAll patients referred to our service for atypical HFMD from January 2012 to February 2014 were enrolled and classified as having the diffuse form (lesions extended to the trunk), the acral form (lesions with a mainly acral distribution), or eczema coxsackium (lesions on preexisting eczematous areas).ResultsData from 47 patients were analyzed (median age 22 months [range 4–84 mos]); viral genotyping was performed in 11 cases. Sixty‐two percent of the subjects developed the acral form, 23% eczema coxsackium, and 15% the diffuse form. Most patients had a nonclassical vesicular eruption and moderate to severe extent of cutaneous involvement. Approximately 80% of patients had palmoplantar purpuric macules. Most children younger than 2 years old had the acral form, most patients with eczema coxsackium were age 2 years and older, and the diffuse form was similarly distributed between the two age groups. Coxsackievirus A6 was detected in 9 of 11 genotyped cases.ConclusionOur prospective study allowed the identification of three HFMD phenotypes differing from the classical form. Clinical care of these patients should include symptomatic treatment of extracutaneous features and, if necessary, hospitalization for complications.
Ultrasound Diagnosis and Staging in Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Rodriguez Carolyn , Lobos Carolina , Eguiguren Gonzalo , Molina Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can affect children, and ultrasound has been proven to be useful in diagnosis and staging. The sonographic characteristics of HS in children have not been reported. We studied color Doppler ultrasound images of children (≤15 years old; n = 12) with clinically and sonographically positive criteria for HS. Sonographic scoring of hidradenitis suppurativa (SOS‐HS) was used to stage the cases sonographically. Subclinical pseudocysts were found in 92% of the cases, fluid collections in 83%, and fistulous tracts in 58%. Retained hair tracts in the fluid collections and fistulous tracts were present in 100% of patients; 67% of cases were SOS‐HS stage II. In 92% of cases, management was modified after the ultrasound examination. In conclusion, ultrasound can be a reliable and safe imaging tool to support diagnosis and staging and may help in the noninvasive monitoring of treatment in children.
Intergenerational Correlations of Extreme Right‐Wing Party Preferences and Attitudes toward Immigration
Authors: Avdeenko Alexandra , Siedler Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the importance of parental socialization on the development of children's far right‐wing preferences and attitudes toward immigration. Using longitudinal data from Germany, our intergenerational estimates suggest that the strongest and most important predictor for young people's right‐wing extremism are their parents' right‐wing extremist attitudes. While intergenerational associations in attitudes toward immigration are equally high for sons and daughters, we find a positive intergenerational transmission of right‐wing extremist party affinity for sons, but not for daughters. Compared to the intergenerational correlation of other party affinities, the high association between fathers' and sons' right‐wing extremist attitudes is particularly striking.
Resource loss, resource gain,PTSD, and dissociation among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel
Authors: Finkelstein Michal 
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the loss and gain of resources, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation among Jewish Ethiopian immigrants in Israel following exposure to stressful events occurring pre‐, peri‐, and post‐migration. Resources are defined as objects (e.g., housing), conditions (e.g., employment), personal (e.g., self‐esteem), or energy (e.g., culture). A random sample (N = 478) of three waves of immigrants participated in the research (N1 = 165; N2 = 169; N3 = 144). The data were collected in 2001. Age, loss and gain of resources, traumatic events peri‐migration, post‐migration difficulties, posttraumatic symptoms, and dissociation were assessed. The relationships between the variables were assessed with multiple hierarchical regressions predictingPTSDand dissociation with gain and loss of resources, over and above age, immigration wave, and trauma. A significant relationship was found betweenPTSDsymptoms and loss of self‐esteem resources (r = 0.17p < 0.001), while dissociation was positively associated with gain of housing resources (r = 0.20,p < 0.001). BothPTSDand dissociation were predicted by younger age. The findings are discussed in light of the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll,), of resource loss and gain among Ethiopian immigrants.
Suicide Ideation, Alcohol Consumption, Motives, and Related Problems: Exploring the Association in College Students
Authors: Gauthier Jami M. , Witte Tracy K. , Correia Christopher J. 
Published: June 2016

Previous findings on the relationship between suicide ideation (SI) and alcohol misuse among college students are inconsistent, leading to conflicting clinical implications. We aimed to clarify this relationship in order to determine the utility of regarding alcohol misuse as a risk factor for SI in this population. Unselected college students (N = 545) completed an online survey including measures of alcohol consumption, problems, drinking motives, SI, and related variables. Our results suggest alcohol misuse is not a correlate of SI among college students; therefore, one should not assume that students who misuse alcohol are necessarily at increased risk for SI.
The Quadratic Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Suicide Ideation: A Nonlinear Analysis of Indirect Effects
Authors: Zuromski Kelly L. , Cero Ian , Witte Tracy K. , Zeng Peng 
Published: June 2016

A nonlinear indirect effects framework was used to investigate potential interpersonal indirect effects (i.e., perceived burden and thwarted belonging) accounting for the nonlinear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and suicide ideation. Using a sample of 338 undergraduates, results revealed a significant quadratic effect of BMI on suicide ideation via perceived burden only, which became significant as BMI fell below 18.00 kg/m2 and above 28.00 kg/m2. Our results provide novel information relevant for suicide risk screening in the context of weight‐ and health‐related interventions and provide justification for future longitudinal trials assessing suicide risk across the BMI spectrum.
Somatic mutation in the HLA‐B gene of a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Planelles D. , Balas A. , Gil C. , Muñoz C. , Rodríguez‐Cebriá M. , Vicario J. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this report we describe a case of somatic mutation in the HLA‐B gene in the tumour cells of a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Routine human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of patient by serology and molecular methodologies rendered discrepant results regarding the expression of a B*15:01 antigen. Sequencing‐based typing of a patient's sample including a very high percentage of blast cells revealed the presence of one nucleotide insertion at exon 3, position 440, codon 123. This insertion resulted in a reading frame shift and a premature stop codon at position 152. The mutation was absent in a sample obtained when the patient was in remission. This case report points out the relevance of the sample source for HLA typing in patients with haematological malignancies.
Transfusion‐transmitted malaria not preventable by current blood donor screening guidelines: a case report
Authors: Holtzclaw Arthur , Mrsic Zorana , Managbanag Jim , Calvano Tatjana , Colombo Christopher 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM) is a well‐known, though rare, entity in the United States with only 100 cases previously reported. With no Food and Drug Administration–approved screening tests of donated blood for malaria in the United States, prevention relies solely on deferral of the highest‐risk donors. We present a case of TTM not preventable by these guidelines.CASE REPORTA 76‐year‐old male presented with fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and a urinalysis consistent with a urinary tract infection. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and initiated on broad‐spectrum antibiotics. On Hospital Day 2, he was incidentally found to have intraerythrocytic parasites on a peripheral smear, identified as Plasmodium malariae by polymerase chain reaction and was treated successfully with atovaquone‐proguanil. The patient had no recent foreign travel or exposure to malaria but had received 15 units of blood products in the past 6 years. Index samples from the 10 most recent units were obtained, with one testing positive for P. malariae via serology. The donor was a 20‐year‐old male who immigrated to the United States from Liberia at the age of 5 with no subsequent travel or exposure to malaria.DISCUSSIONA review of current literature demonstrated that 71% of TTM cases occur from imperfect application of the current deferral guidelines. In this case, however, 15 years had elapsed between the donor's immigration and the transmission of the disease, placing him well outside any current deferral period. As such, the case demonstrates the need for continued development of highly sensitive and cost‐effective laboratory screening for high‐risk donors.