bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the roles of keratinocyte‐derived cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in humans and dogs
Authors: Asahina Ryota , Maeda Sadatoshi 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDysfunction of the physical and chemical barriers of the skin may play roles in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) by facilitating penetration of antigens through the skin and consequently evoking aberrant immune reactions. It is now emerging that keratinocytes are actively involved in cutaneous immune reactions by producing various soluble factors initiated by inflammatory stimuli, including mechanical injury or activation of Toll‐like receptors and protease‐activated receptors. Among the soluble factors, keratinocyte‐derived cytokines and chemokines skew Type 2 helper T (Th2) cell‐dominant immune reactions, with the recruitment of Th2 cells.ObjectiveTo review the roles of keratinocyte‐derived cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of AD in humans and dogs.Conclusion and clinical importanceKeratinocyte‐derived cytokines such as thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine, granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin‐33 are involved in the pathogenesis of human AD and possibly in canine AD. These cytokines and chemokines may possibly be used as subjective clinical markers and therapeutic targets for both human and canine AD.
A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of the efficacy, quality of life and safety of food allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy in client owned dogs with adverse food reactions: a small pilot study
Authors: Maina Elisa , Cox Eric 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundFood allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy (FA‐SLIT) has emerged as a novel and successful approach for desensitizing human patients to specific food allergens. It has not been tested in dogs.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy, quality of life (QoL), tolerability and safety ofFA‐SLITin dogs with adverse food reactions (AFR).MethodsDogs with provenAFRwere randomized to treatment (T group;n = 7) or placebo (P group;n = 6) to receive eitherFA‐SLIT(based on the results of a food elimination trial) or glycerinated saline, respectively. The treatment was continued daily for 6 months with fortnightly dosage escalations. To evaluate the treatment, pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI‐04), QoL, faecal consistency scores, owner assessment, overall tolerability scores and blood analyses were assessed.ResultsEleven dogs completed the study, two dogs in the T group were withdrawn by the owner afterFA‐SLITexacerbated clinical signs ofAFR. Statistical tests showed significant protection against food challenge induced clinical signs followingFA‐SLITtherapy, as indicated by reducedpVASandCADESIscores (P < 0.05). The QoL did not differ between groups. The treatment was rated as effective or quite effective by 80% of the owners, whereas placebo was rated as ineffective by all owners.Conclusions and clinical importanceFA‐SLITwas effective, well tolerated and safe. No severe adverse events were recorded; erythema and pruritus were reported in association with only 0.7% of the dispensed doses. Larger clinical trials with more extended maintenance immunotherapy periods will be needed to provide more precise estimates of efficacy and frequency of adverse events.
Active School Lesson Breaks Increase Daily Vigorous Physical Activity, but Not Daily Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Elementary School Boys
Authors: Wilson Andrew N. , Olds Timothy , Lushington Kurt , Parvazian Somayeh , Dollman James 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:Brief classroom-based episodes of physical activity (active lesson breaks, ALBs) have improved schoolchildren’s classroom behaviors in some studies, and may also increase the likelihood of children meeting the recommended daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, there is emerging evidence that increases in physical activity at particular times of the day may lead to compensatory declines at other times. This study explored evidence for compensatory declines in response to a 10 min ALB during the school day.Method:Thirty-eight 12-year-old boys from a single elementary school completed intervention and control conditions in a cross-over design, with each phase lasting one week. The intervention consisted of a single 10-min active lesson break delivered on each of three days in the intervention week. Twenty-four hour accelerometry was used to quantify moderate and vigorous physical activity.Results:ALBs increased in-school MVPA by 5.8 min (p < .0001), but overall daily MVPA was similar between intervention and control conditions (77.2 vs 77.4 min/d, p > .05), However, vigorous physical activity increased significantly over the whole day (11.2 vs 8.9 min, p = .0006).Conclusion:A brief episode of classroom-based play led to a modest increase in vigorous physical activity in elementary school students, but did not increase MVPA across the day.
Primo Levi ou da narrativa como Ethos
Authors: Barni Roberta 
Published: July 2016

Para as testemunhas do Holocausto a memória é uma questão mais que central. Sobressai-se, nos autores que viveram a shoah em primeira pessoa, um "esquecimento impossível". Em Primo Levi o empenho pela memória - própria e coletiva - assume uma dimensão moral. Quando este empenho civil pela memória desagua na literatura "clara" de Primo Levi, a memória se torna dever ótico; ainda assim, nessas obras se instaura uma relação problemática entre a experiência e a narrativa. Esse artigo procura sondar não apenas a dimensão ética, mas também a dimensão literária das obras de testemunho de Levi.
The Mexican Acromegaly Registry: Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics at Diagnosis and Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Portocarrero-Ortiz Lesly A. , Vergara-Lopez Alma , Vidrio-Velazquez Maricela , Uribe-Diaz Ana María , García-Dominguez Avril , Reza-Albarrán Alfredo Adolfo , Cuevas-Ramos Daniel , Melgar Virgilio , Talavera Juan , Rivera-Hernandez Aleida de Jesus , Valencia-Méndez Carla Valentina , Mercado Moisés ,   on behalf of the Mexican Acromegaly Registry Group
Published: July 2016

Context:
Acromegaly is a systemic disorder caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. As with other rare diseases, acromegaly registries developed in various European countries have provided us with important information.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic data from the Mexican Acromegaly Registry (MAR).

Setting:
The setting of the study was a nationwide patient registry.

Design and Methodology:
The MAR was created in 2009. It gathers data from 24 participating centers belonging to three different institutions using a specifically designed on-line platform. Only patients diagnosed after 1990 were included in the program.

Results:
A total of 2057 patients (51% female, mean age at diagnosis 41.1 ± 24.5 y) have been registered for an estimated prevalence of 18 cases per 1 million inhabitants. Hypertension, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were present in 27%, 18.4%, 30%, and 24% of the patients, respectively. The IGF-1 level at diagnosis and the concomitant presence of hypertension were significantly associated with the development of diabetes. Transsphenoidal surgery was the primary treatment in 72% of the patients. Pharmacological treatment, mostly with somatostatin analogs, was administered primarily and adjunctively in 26% and 54% of the patients, respectively. Treatment choice varied among the three participating institutions, with the predominance of pharmacological therapy in two of them and of radiation therapy in the third. Therapeutic outcomes were similar to those reported in the European registries.

Conclusions:
The MAR is the largest and first non-European registry of the disease. Our findings highlight important within-country differences in treatment choice due to variations in the availability of resources.
Dietary Sodium Restriction Increases the Risk of Misinterpreting Mild Cases of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Baudrand Rene , Guarda Francisco J. , Torrey Jasmine , Williams Gordon , Vaidya Anand 
Published: July 2016

Context:
The aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) is recommended to screen for primary aldosteronism (PA).

Objective:
To evaluate whether dietary sodium restriction results in misinterpretation of PA screening.

Participants:
Untreated hypertensives with ARR more than 20 on a high dietary sodium intake (HS) were also evaluated on a low dietary sodium intake (LS) (n = 241). Positive screening for PA was defined as: plasma renin activity (PRA) less than or equal to 1.0 ng/mL · h with serum aldosterone more than or equal to 6 ng/dL. PA was confirmed by a 24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion more than or equal to 12 mcg with urinary sodium more than 200 mmol.

Results:
Only 33% (79/241) of participants with an ARR more than 20 had a positive PA screen on HS. On LS, 56% (44/79) of these participants no longer met criteria for positive PA screening. When compared with participants with positive PA screening on both diets, participants with a positive screen on HS but negative on LS exhibited a significantly higher PRA on both diets. Remarkably, of the 48/79 participants who had PA confirmed, 52% had negative PA screening on LS. The distinguishing feature of these participants with “discordant” screening results was a larger rise in PRA on LS resulting in normalization of the ARR and higher Caucasian race prevalence.

Conclusions:
Sodium restriction is recommended in hypertension; however, it can significantly raise PRA, normalize the ARR, and result in false interpretation of PA screening. Milder phenotypes of PA, where PRA is not as suppressed, are most susceptible to dietary sodium influences on renin and ARR. Optimal screening for PA should occur under conditions of HS.
Desempenho das Exportações do Pólo Petrolina- Juazeiro: Análise dos Resultados da Balança Comercial
Authors: Ferreira Liliane Caraciolo , Souza Henrique Bruno Barros de , Santana Joelma Patricia Pimenta de 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo objetivou a realização de uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos pela balança comercial do pólo Petrolina-Juazeiro no período compreendido entre 2000 a 2015. Localizado no submédio do São Francisco, tendo a fruticultura irrigada como principal fonte de atividade econômica, transformou-se no maior exportador de frutas do Brasil. A procura pelas frutas produzidas na região, principalmente uvas e mangas, vem crescendo a cada ano, tornando a exportação uma estratégia de geração de riquezas e rendas. Foram realizadas, também, abordagens teóricas sobre exportação, importação e balança comercial. Com base nos resultados obtidos através de dados do MDIC, foi evidenciado o crescimento econômico nos últimos 15 anos no referido pólo e sua devida importância para a balança comercial e, por conseguinte, para o desenvolvimento do pólo.
Conforto na acessibilidade do espaço urbano
Authors: De Pinho Barroso Mg. Arq. Celina , Dias Lay Dra. Arq. Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo investiga fatores que afetam a percepção de conforto de distintos grupos de usuários na acessibilidade em espaços urbanos. O estudo foi realizado através da avaliação pós–ocupação de espaços abertos públicos localizados no centro histórico de Pelotas, RS. Métodos qualitativos e quantitativos foram utili-zados em duas etapas. A primeira permitiu delimitar a área de estudo, por meio da aplicação de entrevistas e mapas mentais a usuários com diferentes condições de mobilidade. A segunda teve como objetivo investigar os fatores de conforto/desconforto através de um levantamento físico detalhado da área e aplicação de questionários. Juntamente com cada questionário, foi disponibilizado um mapa do centro da cidade para possibilitar a identificação dos trechos percebidos pelo respondente como mais confortáveis e desconfortáveis. As informações obtidas pelos questionários foram analisadas quantitativamente por meio de frequências e testes não paramétricos. Os resultados revelam que alguns elementos e características físicas proporcionam graus semelhantes de conforto aos diferentes tipos de usuários, mesmo não sendo considerados pelas normas e outros estudos. Por outro lado, ao contrário do que constam em normas e outros estudos, algumas características físicas introduzidas no espaço urbano para promover acessibilidade podem causar conforto para uns usuários, mas desconforto para outros, tais como as rampas e pisos táteis.
Palabras clave
Conforto; Acessibilidade; Desenho universal; Centros urbanos; Percepção do usuário
Edifícios altos
Authors: Bugs Antocheviz Mg. Arq. Fabiana , Da Luz Reis Dr. Arq. Antônio Tarcísio 
Published: July 2016

ste artigo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos causados por edifícios altos em seus contextos urbanos, através da avaliação de simulações de diferentes implantações com edifícios de distintas alturas, por moradores de edifícios altos residenciais e por pessoas que trabalham em edifícios altos comerciais. Ainda, é avaliado o impacto dos edifícios altos no contexto urbano em que os respondentes moram ou trabalham. Como procedimento metodológico foi realizado um estudo de caso Porto Alegre, RS, uma das cidades brasileiras que vêm vivenciando importantes transformações no seu espaço urbano através da expansão da construção de edifícios altos. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários aplicados via internet para moradores de edifícios altos residenciais e para pessoas que trabalham em edifícios altos comerciais. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de testes estatísticos não paramétricos, tais como tabulação cruzada, Kruskal Wallis, Kendall e Mann Whitney. Destacam–se os resultados relativos à preferência por edifícios altos com dez e doze pavimentos situados no perímetro do quarteirão. Ainda, os resultados desta investigação podem contribuir para a elaboração de legislações urbanísticas que regulamentem a altura e a implantação de edifícios nas cidades de maneira a qualificar as áreas urbanas.
Palabras clave
Edifícios altos; Avaliação de impacto urbano; Verticalização das cidades
The Reception of John Dewey’s Democratic Concept of School in Different Countries of the World
Authors: Rogacheva Yelena 
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with John Dewey’s democratic concept of school and its international significance. The man of the XX century, John Dewey (1859-1952) has made great impact on the development of world pedagogy. The masterwork «Democracy and Education» published in 1916 by American scholar and educational reformer is in the focus of attention too. The main elements of John Dewey’s concept of child-oriented school are given along with the following three conditions: «democracy», «growth» and «experience». The author explains the reasons of Dewey’s influence on educational thought and practice in the XXth century. The experience of old European countries such as Great Britain, France, Turkey, as well as Japan, Russia and Latin America is touched upon in the paper. It is stressed that cultural interpretations of Dewey’s ideas and practices in different countries served as the instrument of modernization of the state and school reform stimulator. John Dewey’s democratic ideas brought him international reputation of an outstanding philosopher and the best educator of the XXth century alongside with the other three: George Kershensteiner, Maria Montessori and Anton Makarenko.
John Dewey in Italia. L’operazione de La Nuova Italia Editrice: tra traduzione, interpretazione e diffusione
Authors: Cambi Franco 
Published: July 2016

The essay reconstructs the various phases of the discovery of John Dewey’s ideas on Education and the spread of their influence throughout Italian pedagogical circles from the end of the Second World War to the 1970s. Several Italian intellectual pioneers discerned within Dewey’s theories significant overtones of democratic political activism, and the potential for developing innovative practices by which the obsolete education system of the day could be modernized, and the demands for better schooling being put forward by many could be met. In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, one such pioneer was Ernesto Codignola, a shrewd educational theorist who used the journal «Scuola e Città» (Schooling and the City), published by La Nuova Italia publishing house, as a mouthpiece for his ideas. Once the American philosopher’s ideas had been rediscovered, his most significant works were quickly translated and published, and then subjected to a flurry of detailed critical analysis and interpretation. During the 1960s and ‘70s, much of the research into Dewey’s theories was carried out in Florence, in particular by Lamberto Borghi, who interpreted them as the blueprint for a secular, democratic system of education that could be applied across the Italian peninsula.
Optimized Potential of Utilization Efficiency and Productivity in Wheat by Integrated Chemical Nitrogen Fertilization and Stimulative Compounds
Authors: Gharib H. , Hafez E. , Sabagh A. El 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Foliar sprays application is an important crop management strategy, which could help to maximize yield and other beneficial substances. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Kafrelsheikh University research farm, Egypt, to study the effect of stimulating compounds (control, salicylic acid and ascobien) and nitrogen levels (0, 57.5, 115, 172.5 and 230 kg N ha-1) on yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat. Results indicated that spraying of ascobien and increasing nitrogen level had significant effect on yield traits. Interaction between stimulating compounds and nitrogen were achieved progressive increases in all yield traits, furthermore, the magnitude of increments was much more pronounced in response to salicylic acid and control treatments in both seasons. It was observed no statistically significant difference between 172.5 and 230 kg N ha-1 in both seasons. A significant interactive effect were observed on grain N uptake, whole plant N uptake, nitrogen harvest index (NHI), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by using foliar spraying combined with N fertilizer. Grain N uptake and whole plant N uptake were closely correlated with nitrogen under stimulating compounds, whereas ascobien with 172.5 kg N ha-1 was more effective than salicylic acid in both seasons. Interestingly, foliar spraying of ascobien and N level of 172.5 kg ha-1 was the optimal and could be a useful to improve the efficiency of N-fertilizer and it can be saved 57.5 kg N ha-1. Consequently, could be the key to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and decrease the cost of production.
Tilings of amenable groups
Authors: Downarowicz Tomasz , Huczek Dawid , Zhang Guohua 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We prove that for any infinite countable amenable group G, any

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

and any finite subset

K
⊂
G

{K\subset G}

, there exists a tiling (partition of G into finite “tiles” using only finitely many “shapes”), where all the tiles are

(
K
,
ε
)

{(K,\varepsilon)}

-invariant. Moreover, our tiling has topological entropy zero (i.e., subexponential complexity of patterns). As an application, we construct a free action of G (in the sense that the mappings, associated to elements of G other than the unit, have no fixed points) on a zero-dimensional space, such that the topological entropy of this action is zero.
Economic Effects Real Estate Tax
Authors: Tadić Milan 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The real estate tax is usually a fiscal instrument which performs the property tax. When it comes to real property or immovable this term include: apartments, houses, land, cottages, excess housing landscape and more. The real estate tax as a form of the fiscal charges ownership or use of certain forms of real estate, and the revenue from this tax is levied on the area where the property is located regardless of the place of residence of its owner. The tax base for the calculation of this tax usually consists of the market, estimated or annuity value of certain real estate. This form of taxation in the Republic of Serbian applies from 1.1.2012., and its introduction has been replaced by former property taxes. The differences between the two concepts mentioned taxes are numerous and significant. Among the more important are: subject to taxation under the new concept of the real estate rather than law, a taxpayer is any property owner rather than the holder of rights to immovable property tax base is the market value of real estate which is replaced by the payment of taxes per square meter of usable area, the rate of property tax is determined local government, which can not be lower than 0.05% of the estimated value of the real estate nor higher than 0.5% of the appraised value of real estate. The last change, ie. The new law on Property Tax from 5.11.2015. was determined by the tax rate to 20%. The fact that local governments each of them determines the tax rate on real estate which range from high to low rates of multiple, makes this tax is progressive. Progression is particularly expressed in the distinction applied tax rates of developed and undeveloped municipalities, where we have a case that less developed tolerate a higher tax burden, which leads to negative economic effects. However, real estate tax has its own economic and social characteristics which must be aligned with the objectives of tax policy. This means that the real estate tax should be considered from the standpoint of the entire tax system and not from the standpoint of individual income tax forms.
Rural Policy of the European Union - Experiences and Lessons for Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Lukić Miodrag 
Published: July 2016

Summary
According to the criteria applied in the EU for the rural areas, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a predominantly rural country. About three-quarters of its territory consists of rural expanses where about half the population lives. One of the biggest structural and development problems of the BiH society today is a rapid decreasing of the rural population (depopulation of villages). Population policy in rural areas should be based on appropriate economic, agricultural, regional, development and cultural policy-bit different from the previous one which squeezed young people out of the village, agriculture and other activities that are successfully developed in the rural areas of developed countries. Since the unemployment rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina climbed to an unacceptably high rate of 42,8% and that the largest number of unemployed are recruited directly or indirectly from rural areas, it is necessary to seek solutions to fully reversed process created and encouraged by many countries, especially those that want to maintain or achieve rapid economic growth.