bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise alters mouse sperm small noncoding RNAs and induces a transgenerational modification of male offspring conditioned fear and anxiety
Authors: Short A K , Yeshurun S , Powell R , Perreau V M , Fox A , Kim J H , Pang T Y , Hannan A J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is growing evidence that the preconceptual lifestyle and other environmental exposures of a father can significantly alter the physiological and behavioral phenotypes of their children. We and others have shown that paternal preconception stress, regardless of whether the stress was experienced during early-life or adulthood, results in offspring with altered anxiety and depression-related behaviors, attributed to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation. The transgenerational response to paternal preconceptual stress is believed to be mediated by sperm-borne small noncoding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. As physical activity confers physical and mental health benefits for the individual, we used a model of voluntary wheel-running and investigated the transgenerational response to paternal exercise. We found that male offspring of runners had suppressed reinstatement of juvenile fear memory, and reduced anxiety in the light–dark apparatus during adulthood. No changes in these affective behaviors were observed in female offspring. We were surprised to find that running had a limited impact on sperm-borne microRNAs. The levels of three unique microRNAs (miR-19b, miR-455 and miR-133a) were found to be altered in the sperm of runners. In addition, we discovered that the levels of two species of tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs)—tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Pro—were also altered by running. Taken together, we believe this is the first evidence that paternal exercise is associated with an anxiolytic behavioral phenotype of male offspring and altered levels of small noncoding RNAs in sperm. These small noncoding RNAs are known to have an impact on post-transcriptional gene regulation and can thus change the developmental trajectory of offspring brains and associated affective behaviors.
Perturbations in the apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial network dynamics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Scaini G , Fries G R , Valvassori S S , Zeni C P , Zunta-Soares G , Berk M , Soares J C , Quevedo J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by phasic changes of mood and can be associated with progressive structural brain change and cognitive decline. The numbers and sizes of glia and neurons are reduced in several brain areas, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of BD. Because the changes in mitochondrial dynamics are closely related with the early process of apoptosis and the specific processes of apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics in BD have not been fully elucidated, we measured the apoptotic pathway and the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins from BD patients and healthy controls. We recruited 16 patients with BD type I and sixteen well-matched healthy controls and investigated protein levels of several pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors, as well as the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, survivin and Bcl-xL/Bak dimer were significantly decreased, while active caspase-3 protein levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from BD patients. Moreover, we observed the downregulation of the mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and Opa1 and the upregulation of the fission protein Fis1 in PBMCs from BD patients, both in terms of gene expression and protein levels. We also showed a significantly decrease in the citrate synthase activity. Finally, we found a positive correlation between Mfn2 and Opa1 with mitochondrial content markers, as well as a negative correlation between mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and apoptotic markers. Overall, data reported here are consistent with the working hypothesis that apoptosis may contribute to cellular dysfunction, brain volume loss and progressive cognitive in BD. Moreover, we show an important relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and the cell death pathway activation in BD patients, supporting the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of BD.
Combining direct imaging and radial velocity data towards a full exploration of the giant planet population
Authors: Lannier J. , Lagrange A. M. , Bonavita M. , Borgniet S. , Delorme P. , Meunier N. , Desidera S. , Messina S. , Chauvin G. , Keppler M. 
Published: May 2017

Context. Thanks to the detections of more than 3000 exoplanets these last 20 yr, statistical studies have already highlighted some properties of the distribution of the planet parameters. Nevertheless, few studies have yet investigated the planet populations from short to large separations around the same star since this requires the use of different detection techniques that usually target different types of stars.
Aims. We wish to develop a tool that combines direct and indirect methods so as to correctly investigate the giant planet populations at all separations.
Methods. We developed the MESS2 code, a Monte Carlo simulation code combining radial velocity and direct imaging data obtained at different epochs for a given star to estimate the detection probability of giant planets spanning a wide range of physical separations. It is based on the generation of synthetic planet populations.
Results. We apply MESS2 on a young M1-type, the nearby star AU Mic observed with HARPS and NACO/ESO. We show that giant planet detection limits are significantly improved at intermediate separations (≈20 au in the case of AU Mic). We show that the traditional approach of analyzing the RV and DI detection limits independently systematically overestimates the planet detection limits and hence planet occurrence rates. The use of MESS2 allows us to obtain correct planet occurrence rates in statistical studies, making use of multi-epoch DI data and/or RV measurements. We also show that MESS2 can optimize the schedule of future DI observations.
Could Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis Be Misdiagnosed as Papillon–Lefèvre Syndrome?
Authors: Abouzaid Maha , Thomas Manal , El-Kamah Ghada , Mostafa Mostafa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPapillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early loss of teeth with hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a disorder of decreased pain sensation, decreased sweating, recurrent infections, and fever. Here, we report a 5-year-old girl born to consanguineous parents with a family history of a similarly affected sibling. The girl presented with early loss of teeth and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, hence, provisionally diagnosed as PLS. Further clinical examination and detailed history taking shifted the diagnosis to CIPA. CIPA could be misdiagnosed as PLS. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PLS.
China Rising
Authors: Liu Guoli 
Published: May 2017

This comprehensive text examines Chinese foreign policy with a focus on the recent dramatic changes in China's place and role in the world. Covering both the economic and security dimensions of China's foreign policy-making as well as its key bilateral relationships, it offers students a clear and systematic introduction to the key challenges and prospects posed by China's rise. Using a wealth of sources, the book explores how the Chinese perceive their country's growing role and considers whether Chinese foreign policy is still conducted, as it has been traditionally, in line with what the Chinese regard as being core values and national interests, particularly a territorial and sovereign integrity, political independence and modernization, as well as a great power status.
Written by an expert in Chinese politics and foreign policy, this accessible introduction offers a unique analysis of contemporary China and the economic and security aspects of foreign policy from the twentieth century onwards. It also includes the under-analysed relationships between China and other emerging powers.
This text is an essential for those studying China within International Relations and Politics degrees, or who are interested in the development of China's foreign policy and its evolving place in the world order.
It’s not about security, it’s about racism: counter-terror strategies, civilizing processes and the post-race fiction
Authors: G. Patel Tina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing a range of international examples, this article examines the ways in which members of the black and minority ethnic population continue to be viewed as problematic and deviant, challenging the claim that we are now living in a post-race state. The article considers how race and racism are still in reality, used to socially order society—and specifically criminalize those black and minority ethnic groups of (real or perceived) Muslim background—what I call “brown bodies”. Turning its focus to the United Kingdom, although offering an analysis applicable to other countries with similar racialized conditions, the article discusses how sub-measures under current counter-terror discourse not only serve to control and regulate Muslim populations, but more so, the civilizing undertone of its Western (or, British) values and national security narrative continue to normalize and perpetuate anti-Muslim sentiment and construct Muslims as “suspect” communities at every possible opportunity. This process draws on a “post-colonial fantasy” and re-uses established practices of “race-consumption” to control brown bodies. This ensures that anti-Muslim racism remains a key feature of contemporary British society. The article ends noting its support for that body of literature that critiques the claim that we are now living in a post-race state. This article is published as part of a collection on racism in counter-terrorism and surveillance discourse.
SP and IL-33 together markedly enhance TNF synthesis and secretion from human mast cells mediated by the interaction of their receptors
Authors: Taracanova Alexandra , Alevizos Mihail , Karagkouni Anna , Weng Zuiy , Norwitz Errol , Conti Pio , Leeman Susan E. , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceInflammatory responses are often characterized by elevated levels of cytokines, but the complex interplay among peptides and cytokines is not often considered. Here, we report that the cytokine IL-33, administered in combination with the proinflammatory peptide substance P (SP), causes a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor synthesis and secretion from cultured human mast cells. These responses are mediated via the activation of the SP receptor NK-1 and the IL-33 receptor ST2 and can be inhibited by the natural flavonoid methoxyluteolin. Our findings reveal interactions that increase the understanding of inflammation and offer new directions for the development of antiinflammatory drugs.
Heterogeneity and scale of sustainable development in cities
Authors: Brelsford Christa , Lobo José , Hand Joe , Bettencourt Luís M. A. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Most nations worldwide have recently committed to solving their most severe challenges of sustainability by 2030, including eradicating extreme poverty and providing universal access to basic services. But how? Rapid urbanization is creating the conditions for widespread economic growth and human development, but its consequences are very uneven. We show how measures of sustainable development—identified by residents of poor neighborhoods—can be combined into a simple and intuitive index. Its analysis reveals that challenges of development are typically first addressed in large cities but that severe inequalities often result as patterns of spatially segregated rich and poor neighborhoods. A new systematic understanding of these processes is critical for devising policies that produce faster and more equitable universal sustainable development.
Retrospective analysis of natural products provides insights for future discovery trends
Authors: Pye Cameron R. , Bertin Matthew J. , Lokey R. Scott , Gerwick William H. , Linington Roger G. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Natural products research seems to be at a critical juncture in terms of its relevance to modern biological science. We have evaluated this landscape of chemical diversity to ask key questions, including the following. How has the rate of discovery of new natural products progressed over the past 70 y? Has natural product structural novelty changed as a function of time? Has the rate of novel discovery declined in recent years? Does exploring novel taxonomic space afford an advantage in terms of novel compound discovery? Is it possible to estimate how close we are to describing all of the chemical space covered by natural products? And, finally, is there still value in exploring natural products space for novel biologically active natural products?
Pre/pro-B cells generate macrophage populations during homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Audzevich Tatsiana , Bashford-Rogers Rachael , Mabbott Neil A. , Frampton Dan , Freeman Tom C. , Potocnik Alexandre , Kellam Paul , Gilroy Derek W. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceIn this report we provide evidence of a source of macrophage (Mφ) populations that are derived from unique biphenotypic early pro-B cells with non-rearranged B-cell receptors. These early precursors give rise to either tissue resident- or monocyte-derived Mφs during homeostasis and inflammatory responses, thereby demonstrating functional plasticity depending on the environmental cues in adult mice. We suggest that these findings significantly advance and expand our understanding of Mφ biology and hematopoiesis, the plasticity of hematopoietic precursors, and the heterogeneity of Mφ subsets.
Golgi apparatus self-organizes into the characteristic shape via postmitotic reassembly dynamics
Authors: Tachikawa Masashi , Mochizuki Atsushi 
Published: May 2017

Significance
To date, there is no experimental method for examination of detailed morphological dynamics of a cellular organelle, because of the small size. The Golgi apparatus, a membrane-bounded organelle, decomposes into small fragments during cell division, and the fragments reassemble to form the characteristic Golgi shape in daughter cells, which is also unobservable. To understand the reassembly process, we developed a three-dimensional morphological dynamics simulator based on a coarse-grained physical membrane model. Our simulation reproduced the fine Golgi shape and revealed self-organizing properties of the reassembly process. Moreover, it visualizes the whole reassembly dynamics in detail. The proposed model will bring various insights into the Golgi architecture, which can be examined both experimentally and by extended simulations.
Opposing roles of primate areas 25 and 32 and their putative rodent homologs in the regulation of negative emotion
Authors: Wallis Chloe U. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Alexander Laith , Roberts Angela C. , Clarke Hannah F. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Affective disorders are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and enhanced negative emotion. Although neuroimaging studies of such disorders reveal dysregulation in numerous frontal brain regions, including the subgenual/perigenual cingulate cortices (areas 25 and 32), the causal involvement of this dysregulation is unknown, and translation from rodent studies is limited. Here we demonstrate that, in the marmoset monkey, inactivation of area 25 increases parasympathetic modulation of resting cardiovascular function and decreases the cardiovascular and behavioral correlates of negative emotion. In contrast, area 32 inactivation increases these correlates. These findings provide causal evidence that these primate areas differentially regulate negative emotion, and link the cardiovascular symptomatology of affective disorders to central neural, rather than peripheral cardiac, dysfunction.
ILDR1 is important for paracellular water transport and urine concentration mechanism
Authors: Gong Yongfeng , Himmerkus Nina , Sunq Abby , Milatz Susanne , Merkel Cosima , Bleich Markus , Hou Jianghui 
Published: May 2017

Significance
The role of tight junction in water homeostasis is an important but understudied area. Here, we reveal a paracellular water permeation pathway made by the tricellular tight junction and regulated by its integral protein, known as Ildr1. The importance of paracellular water permeation is demonstrated here with emphasis of its potential role in causing urinary concentrating defects in the kidney. Ildr1 and its related proteins, Ildr2 and Ildr3, may play broader physiologic roles to establish the water homeostasis in other organs, such as the skin, the lung, and the intestine.
Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention
Authors: Dal Monte Olga , Piva Matthew , Anderson Kevin M. , Tringides Marios , Holmes Avram J. , Chang Steve W. C. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
In the past decade, there has been an increase in studies using oxytocin (OT) for improving social cognition, but results have been inconsistent. In this study, we took advantage of the physiological relationship between the opioid and OT systems and tested the benefit of administering OT under simultaneously induced opioid antagonism during dyadic gaze interactions. Coadministration of OT and opioid blocker leads to supralinear enhancement of prolonged and selective attention to a live partner and increases interactive gaze after critical social events. Furthermore, we provide neurogenetic evidence in the human brain supporting the interaction between specific opioid receptor genes and the genes for OT processing. Our results suggest a new avenue for amplifying the efficacy of OT in clinical populations.
Maize
defective kernel
mutant generated by insertion of a
Ds
element in a gene encoding a highly conserved TTI2 cochaperone
Authors: Garcia Nelson , Li Yubin , Dooner Hugo K. , Messing Joachim 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Transposable elements (TEs) are important tools to study gene function in plants, more so than in animal species, because of the ease in generating large numbers of germinal transpositions. We took advantage of an engineered TE in maize to broaden this approach. We screened for a defective kernel mutant and used the green fluorescent protein encoded by the TE to locate the gene linked to the mutation. The property of the TE permitted us to generate revertants and new alleles of the tagged gene, avoiding complementation assays made cumbersome by difficult transformation protocols in maize. Based on its sequence homology to a cochaperone, the tagged gene opens a line of research on the role of cochaperones in seed development.
Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation
Authors: Onysko Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper contributes to research on metaphor variation in the context of world Englishes from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Starting with a discussion of the dissonance between universality and cultural specificity in conceptual metaphor research, basic dimensions of variation are outlined that are relevant to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). These dimensions inform a continuum of variation in CMT that ranges from basic conceptualizations (as primary metaphors) to the surface level of language use (as metaphorical expressions). The empirical part of the paper takes heed of this continuum of variation and outlines the methodological choices relevant to the description of conceptual metaphors in an associative task. The data are based on meaning interpretations given to novel English compounds by Māori and non-Māori speakers of New Zealand English. The results of the task highlight that Māori-English bilinguals apply a greater range of different conceptual metaphors compared to non-Māori bilingual and monolingual speakers of English. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on metaphor variation in Aotearoa New Zealand and world Englishes.
A minimum mass nebula for M dwarfs
Authors: Gaidos E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recently revealed differences in planets around M dwarf versus solar-type stars could arise from differences in their primordial discs and surveys of T Tauri stars find a correlation between stellar mass and disc mass. ‘Minimum’ discs have been reconstructed for the Solar system and solar-type stars and here this exercise is performed for M dwarfs using Kepler-detected planets. Distribution of planet mass between current orbits produces a disc with total mass of ≈0.009 M⊙ and a power-law profile with index α = 2.2. Disc reconstruction from the output of a forward model of planet formation indicates that the effect of detection bias on disc profile is slight and that the observed scatter in planet masses and semimajor axes are consistent with a universal disc profile. This nominal M dwarf disc is more centrally concentrated than those inferred around the solar-type stars observed by Kepler, and the mass surface density beyond 0.02 au is sufficient for in situ accretion of planets as single embryos. The mass of refractory solids within 0.5 au is 5.6 M⊕ compared to 4 M⊕ for solar-type stars in contrast with the trend with total disc mass. The total solid beyond 0.5 au is sufficient for the core of at least one giant planet.
Cervical Total Disc Replacement and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Reoperation Rates, Complications, and Hospital Resource Utilization in 72 688 Patients in the United States
Authors: Rumalla Kavelin , Smith Kyle A , Arnold Paul M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Healthcare readmissions are important causes of increased cost and have profound clinical impact. Thirty-day readmissions in spine surgery have been well documented. However, rates, causes, and outcomes are not well understood outside 30 d.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze 30- and 90-d readmissions for a retrospective cohort of anterior cervical discectomy and fusions (ACDF) and total disc replacement (TDR) for degenerative cervical conditions.

METHODS
The Nationwide Readmissions Database approximates 50% of all US hospitalizations with patient identifiers to track patients longitudinally. Patients greater than 18 yr old were identified. Rates of readmission for 30 and 90 d were calculated. Predictor variables, complications, outcomes, and costs were analyzed via univariate and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
Between January and September 2013, 72 688 patients were identified. The 30- and 90-d readmission rates were 2.67% and 5.97%, respectively. The most prevalent reason for 30-d readmission was complication of medical/surgical care (20.3%), whereas for 90-d readmission it was degenerative spine etiology (19.2%). Common risk factors for 30- and 90-d readmission included older age, male gender, Medicare/Medicaid, prolonged initial length of stay, and various comorbidities. Unique risk factors for 30- and 90-d readmissions included adverse discharge disposition and mechanical implant-related complications, respectively. When comparing ACDF and TDR, ACDFs were associated with increased 90-d readmissions (6.0% vs 4.3%). The TDR cohort had a shorter length of stay, lower complication rate, and fewer adverse discharge dispositions.

CONCLUSION
Identification of readmission causes and predictors is important to potentially allow for changes in periperative management. Decreasing readmissions would improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.