bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views of relatives and friends about the person who is having first episode of depression
Authors: Srivastava S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMajor depressive episode is having highest lifetime prevalence almost about 18% of all psychiatric disorder. W.H.O has ranked depression the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide and projects that it will be 2nd leading cause of disability by 2020. a number of consistent socio demographic correlates have also been found across countries. Here I am going to give a glimpse of MDD i.e. Depression excluding Bipolar Depression. Although It is the commonest psychiatric disorder, but attitude views about disease is very unscientific and biased.ObjectiveObjective of this study was to know the views of relatives and friends about Depression, and acceptance of scientific view about depression.AimsAs various survey reports are projecting that Depression will be the 2nd commonest cause of disability by 2020. So to create an awareness about depression and its modalities of successful treatments.MethodIn this study, 96 patients were selected who had first episode of MDD without any discrimination of male and female. Their relatives and friends were categorized by their socioeconomic status. All of them were put on open questions regarding the disease.ResultsAmongst them 10% were from upper socioeconomic status, 68% were from middle socioeconomic status and 22% were from lower socioeconomic status. Only 36% accepted depression as a disease, 45.8% suggested to change behavior and thought to get rid off disease; 8.2%believed the disease is due to devils spirit; 20.1% had no comments.ConclusionAfter explaining the disease psycho and pharmacopathology and showing the results of medicines 91.3% accepted it as a disease entity, 4.2% still in favor of devils spirit and 4.5% had no comments.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Merycism – A case report about rumination syndrome
Authors: Rodrigues M.C. Cochat Costa , Brandão I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRumination is a common phenomenon among ruminant animals but in humans, it is always regarded as a symptom indicative of abnormal function of the upper gastrointestinal track. It is characterized by recurrent regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth. This syndrome was previously described in children and adults with mental retardation, but this entity is becoming increasingly recognized in children, adolescents and adults with normal mental capacity.Objectives/aimsThe authors describe a clinical case of a 51-year-old woman with rumination syndrome and bulimia nervosa.MethodsA detailed report of the clinical case was made as well as a literature review of articles published in Pubmed/Medline on the topic “Rumination syndrome” and “Merycism”.ResultsThe authors describe a clinical case of a 51-year-old woman who began ruminative behavior when she was 10 years old, describing the regurgitation of the swallowed food back to her mouth shortly after eating and the re-chewing of it. She states that the regurgitated food tastes the same as when she ate it and she denies any pleasure associated with this behavior. When she was 17 years old, by the time she was pregnant, she started bulimic behavior and, as the rumination, it never ceased. Her medical history is significant for chronic gastritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsAlthough rare, merycism is an entity in the clinical practice of eating disorders. With this work, the authors share this case report as well as information concerning this topic.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interhemispheric functional connectivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Amodio R. , Prinster A. , Monteleone A.M. , Esposito F. , Canna A. , Cantone E. , Volpe U. , Monteleone P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe functional interplay between brain hemispheres is fundamental for behavioral, cognitive and emotional control. Several pathophysiological aspects of eating disorders (EDs) have been investigated by the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to investigate functional brain asymmetry of resting-state fMRI correlations in symptomatic patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).AimsWe aimed at revealing whether brain regions implicated in reward, cognitive control, starvation and emotion regulation show altered inter-hemispheric functional connectivity in patients with AN and BN.MethodsUsing resting-state fMRI, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and regional inter-hemispheric spectral coherence (IHSC) analyses in two canonical slow frequency bands (“Slow-5”, “Slow-4”) were studied in 15AN and 13BN patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). Using T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging MRI scans, regional VMHC values were correlated with the left-right asymmetry of corresponding homotopic gray matter volumes and with the white matter callosal fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsCompared to HC, AN patients exhibited reduced VMHC in cerebellum, insula and precuneus, while BN patients showed reduced VMHC in dorso-lateral prefrontal and orbito-frontal cortices. The regional IHSC analysis highlighted that the inter-hemispheric functional connectivity was higher in the ‘Slow-5′Band in all regions except the insula. No group differences in left-right structural asymmetries and in VMHC vs callosal FA correlations were found.ConclusionsThese anomalies indicate that AN and BN, at least in their acute phase, are associated with a loss of inter-hemispheric connectivity in regions implicated in self-referential, cognitive control and reward processing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Long-standing Pica with compulsive features in a woman with iron and zinc deficiency
Authors: Kwok C. , Lee H.Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPica is the consumption of non-nutritive substances, which is inappropriate to the individual's cultural practices or developmental level. It is frequently associated with mental retardation, and occasionally observed in pregnant women and children.ObjectivesWe describe a case of long-standing pica in a woman with no co-morbid psychiatric condition.CaseMadam NA is a 27-year old married Malay housewife, with 4 sons and 4 miscarriages. Her mother had addiction problems. She sought help from the Eating Disorders Clinic, Singapore General Hospital, for uncontrollably eating uncooked rice. This started at age 8, when she was left alone at home with no food. Since then, she had been eating up to 10 cups of raw rice daily. She was unable to leave the house without carrying a bag of raw rice; if she forgot, she would feel intense discomfort and would need to return to get the rice. She persisted in eating raw rice despite it causing friction in her marriage. When she tried to stop, she would get irritable and crave it. This behavior only ceased during her pregnancies but would restart soon after delivery. There was no other psychiatric history. Blood investigations showed anemia, with iron and zinc deficiency, as well as newly diagnosed Grave's disease. After iron and zinc supplementation, her raw rice intake decreased substantially.ConclusionsWe report an unusual case of long-standing pica with compulsive features in a young woman with no psychiatric co-morbidity, which improved during pregnancy and with iron and zinc supplementation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Financial difficulties, economic hardship and psychological distress during the economic recession in Portugal
Authors: Antunes A. , Frasquilho D. , Silva M. , Cardoso G. , Caldas-de-Almeida J.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPortugal is one of the European countries most affected by the Great Economic Recession. Mental health outcomes are likely to deteriorate during this period, with greater proportional impact among those more socially disadvantaged. Self-reported measures of financial difficulties and economic hardship are likely to be associated with psychological distress during this period.ObjectivesTo characterize the relationship between psychological distress and self-reported measures of financial difficulties and type of material deprivation during the Economic Recession in Portugal.MethodsA follow-up epidemiological survey was conducted in 2015, with a probability sub-sample of 911 respondents of the 2008 World Mental Health Survey Initiative Portugal. Psychological distress was evaluated by the Kessler-10 scale. Financial difficulties were assessed by asking the responds if they had enough money for their daily activities. Type of material deprivation considered difficulties in acquiring essential goods, paying debts or buying other goods (clothes or leisure activities). Chi-square analysis were used to evaluate the association between psychological distress, financial difficulties and type of material deprivation.ResultsA statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between psychological distress and financial difficulties was found. Among the respondents that reported not having enough money, 22% reported psychological distress. Regarding the type of material deprivation, a statistically significant association was only found for essential goods.ConclusionsDuring the economic crisis, financial difficulties and material deprivation in essential goods were associated with increased levels of psychological distress, potentially widening social and health inequalities across the Portuguese population.FundingEEA Grants, Programa Iniciativas em Saúde Pública.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The psychiatric services of Saratov region and directions of its’ improvement (Clinical, statistical and epidemiological aspects)
Authors: Barylnik Y. , Samoylova D. , Pakhomova S. , Abrosimova J. , Kolesnichenko E. , Filippova N. , Deeva M. , Bachilo E. , Antonova A. , Sizov S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe determining of the actual number of people with mental disorders and their spreading by nosology still remains actual, especially according to different regions.ObjectivesThe determining of the psychiatric services effectiveness in Saratov region on the basis of comprehensive analysis of its’ clinical, statistical and epidemiological characteristics.MethodsThe analysis of mental state indicators based on the example of adults’ schizophrenia Saratov region in dynamics for 10 years (2005–2015) in comparison with Russian Federation.ResultsOver the past 10 years the number of clinically supervised patients with schizophrenia decreased at 0.9% in the city and 2.2% in region population. This is consistent with the tendency of schizophrenia morbidity in Russian Federation over the same period. The number of supervised adult patients with primary diagnosed schizophrenia in Russia remained at the same level and amounted to 10.8 per 100 thousand population. At the same time the noticeable fluctuations in the number of this patients’ category were observed in Saratov and Saratov region. Over the past 10 years, the proportion of patients with primary diagnosed schizophrenia disability in the class structure of mental disorders is quite high, averaging of 41.1% in Saratov region. Analyzing the number of patients with re-confirmed disabilities the gradual decline from 1846 to 755 people (at 59.1%) was found.ConclusionsThe mental health analysis of Saratov region population allows to suggest the long-term forecast of mental disorders’ morbidity, to analyze the level of disability due to schizophrenia, to develop recommendations for the optimal regional model of psychiatric services.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The assessment of social disabilities with GSDS-II in persons hospitalized in psychiatric day units and inpatient wards
Authors: Gondek T.M. , Królicka A. , Misiak B. , Kiejna A. 
Published: June 2017

Social disabilities due to mental disorders have a similar or even more severe impact on daily activities than some of the chronic, severe somatic disorders. The second version of the Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule (GSDS-II) is used in the assessment of social disability in persons with mental disorders. To date, in Poland the conducted research studies focused on this matter only in patients consulted in outpatient clinics and day units. Our study is the first in the country that aims to measure the social disabilities in persons hospitalized in psychiatric inpatient wards. The objective of the study is to assess the degree of social disability using GSDS-II as well as to analyze the impact of clinical, socio-demographic and economic factors on social disabilities in patients diagnosed with psychotic, mood or anxiety disorder (diagnostic codes: F20-F29, F30-F39 and F40-F48, according to ICD-10), aged 18–65, in a day unit and an inpatient ward settings. The excluding criteria are: substance abuse co-morbidity and/or a diagnosed dementia process. The study presents the data gathered from a sample of 50 patients of both genders diagnosed with the aforementioned mental disorders who gave their informed consent to participate in the study. Due to important socio-economic implications of mental disorders that frequently result in the loss of ability of the patients to fulfill their societal roles, a study leading to a better insight on social disabilities will provide useful data for the possible improvement of the mental health care and social policy designed for these persons.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Protecting the incapable–Interdiction of in-patients in centro hospitalar De São João in the last two years
Authors: Machado A.S. , Pereira E. , Grangeia R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe interdiction of citizens is embodied in the Portuguese civil code and is untouched since 1966 regardless of the profound changes in our society. In 2006, Centro Hospitalar de São João (CHSJ) created protective measures for inpatients that are incapable; the procedure encompasses multidisciplinary evaluation of patients and the elaboration of a final report by liaison psychiatrists.ObjectivesTo describe the interdiction proceedings initiated at CHSJ in the last two years, establishing parallels with our socio-demographical and epidemiological reality.MethodsRetrospective study of the internal requests for psychiatric consultation concerning interdiction proceedings made in the CHSJ from January 2015 to December 2016.ResultsDuring the study period, the liaison psychiatry service received 37 requests for evaluation of patients’ decision-making capacity through the internal consultation system. The typology of the patient targeted in the interdiction process is male, more than 70 years old, hospitalized due to infectious intercurrences whose dependency of others enables him to return to his residence. More than a half (51%) of the requests were performed by internal medicine services. Twenty-one reports declaring the patient's inability to govern his person and property were made. The most common pathology underlying this cognitive impairment was dementia (57%).ConclusionOur results reflect the aging of Portuguese population and the increased prevalence of dementia. The evaluation of the capacity for self-governance will be increasingly required in our clinical practice and demands a holistic approach to the patient while taking into account the preservation of his autonomy, dignity and rights.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epidemiology of depression in Azerbaijani urban female population. Cross-cultural comparison of depression incidence/prevalence indicators
Authors: Mammadova F. , Sultanov M. , Hajiyeva A. , Aichberger M. , Heinz A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe aim is to determine the prevalence and incidence of depression for an Azerbaijani female sample and explore the impact of cultural factors on depression.ObjectivesTo determine: the optimal cut-off point of ZDRS; the point prevalence and 3 month incidence of depression; risk factors for depression. To compare the depression prevalence in the two language groups of the Azerbaijani population (Azerbaijani-speaking and Russian-speaking) for determining possible impact of cultural factors on depression.MethodsThe first screening with ZDRS (Az) and ZDRS (Ru) were carried out with 1500 research participants, who filled out the questionnaires at their homes. All the screened subjects who score 40 and more on ZDRS were examined by MINI. True-positive and false-positive results were defined. Ten percent of the screened subjects, who score less than 40 on ZDRS were randomly chosen for clinical interviews to define true-negative and false-negative results. According to the analysis the optimal cut-off point of ZDRS in the Azerbaijani female population was found with the definition of its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Based on the optimal cut-off point of ZDRS, point prevalence and incidence of depression was determined in Azerbaijan. The follow-up screening was conducted to determine the 3 month incidence of depression.ResultsThe determined prevalence and incidence of depression will be reported with the optimal cut-off point of ZDRS.ConclusionsThe results of the current study suggested that the ZDRS was a valid tool for use in screening patients with depression disorders but need a modification.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Increased prevalence of psychosis in patients who get admitted with atrial fibrillation with worse outcomes
Authors: Mansuri Z. , Patel S. , Patel P. , Jayeola O. , Das A. , Shah J. , Gul M.H. , Karnik K. , Ganti A. , Shah K. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine trends and impact on outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with pre-existing psychosis.BackgroundWhile post-AF psychosis has been extensively studied, contemporary studies including temporal trends on the impact of pre-AF psychosis on AF and post-AF outcomes are largely lacking.MethodsWe used Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) from year's 2002–2012. We identified AF and psychosis as primary and secondary diagnosis respectively using validated international classification of diseases, 9th revision, and Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and used Cochrane–Armitage trend test and multivariate regression to generate adjusted odds ratios (aOR).ResultsWe analyzed total of 3.887.827AF hospital admissions from 2002–2012 of which 1.76% had psychosis. Proportion of hospitalizations with psychosis increased from 5.23% to 14.28% (P trend < 0.001). Utilization of atrial-cardioversion was lower in patients with psychosis (0.76%v vs. 5.79%, P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with Psychosis (aOR 1.206; 95%CI 1.003–1.449; P < 0.001) and discharge to specialty care was significantly higher (aOR 4.173; 95%CI 3.934–4.427; P < 0.001). The median length of hospitalization (3.13 vs. 2.14 days; P < 0.001) and median cost of hospitalization (16.457 vs. 13.172; P < 0.001) was also higher in hospitalizations with psychosis.ConclusionsOur study displayed an increasing proportion of patients with Psychosis admitted due to AF with higher mortality and extremely higher morbidity post-AF, and significantly less utilization of atrial-cardioversion. There is a need to explore reasons behind this disparity to improve post-AF outcomes in this vulnerable population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psycho-social factors associated with maternal neonaticide
Authors: Amirejibi T. 
Published: June 2017

Current research presents five case studies of maternal neonaticide in Georgia. Participants were under the age of thirty, with incomplete secondary education, unemployed, dependent on their families’ low income, living in the rural areas of Georgia. In three cases, participants resided with their family of origin. They were not married or in a relationship with the father of the child. They described their families and communities as conservative, holding strong cultural/religious beliefs against premarital sexual relations/childbirth out of wedlock. They lacked problem solving and coping skills, avoided making decisions concerning the pregnancy by concealing it. This being their first pregnancy, they gave birth alone followed by panic and fear of detection, committed neonaticide and hid the body of the infant. None of them had a prior criminal record. In the remaining cases, participants were married, lived with their spouses and children, had financial hardships. Both reported psychological and physical abuse from their spouses. One of them had a prior criminal offense for possessing controlled substances. The motive for neonaticide was an unwanted child due to an extramarital affair and threat of financial abandonment from extended family. In both cases, infants suffered fatal injuries. All participants reported lack of social support and emotional neglect from family members. These results are in line with international research, suggesting that certain patterns among these mothers are shared. Psychosocial factors associated with neonaticide should be utilized in the process of planning and implementing preventive strategies in health, social and legal frameworks.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Forensic neuropsychiatry and neurocrimen applied to the study of violent, criminal and corrupt behavior
Authors: Jemar G.N. , Ramiro I. , Bartoli G. , Ezequiel M. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives– Define the scope of the study of Forensic Neuropsychiatry inherent in violent, criminal and corrupt behavior psychopathological processes;– characterize to Neurocrimen;– describe the neurobiological underpinnings of violence;– analyze the corrupt behavior as a derivation of cognitive bias and distorting processes that lead to social maladjustment;– propose therapeutic tools addressing violent, criminal and corrupt behavior.DevelopmentViolent, criminal and corrupt behavior currently occupy an enormous preponderance in terms of distorting behaviors collevan degradation of the harmonic organization of social convicencia frequently appear in the media presented under the judicative and moral value, preventing a comprehensive analysis of this issue. We intend dilucidaar under this scenario if these behaviors have a neurobiological basis, or if we neuropathological arguments that lead us to interpret any of these processes in terms signosintomatológicos, and therefore be liable to approach from mental health. For this analysis we implement knowledge from cognitive neucociencia, specifically forensic neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry, the neurocrimen and neuroderecho.ConclusionsViolent, criminal and corrupt behavior have a neurobiological support in statistical terms that allow us to infer distortionary neurobiological processes that result in changes in adaptation to social life. Many of these neurobiological aspects may be characterized in terms neuropathological and, therefore, make some of these behaviors in symptoms and signs. These findings implanted the need to revise legal conclusions static, although still insufficient to transform legal medical paradigms, but we require constant analysis and case by case ratification thereof.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.