bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ SERS Monitoring the Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Nile Blue on Ag@AgCl Single Hollow Cube as a Microreactor
Authors: Li Dingyi , Ouyang Lei , Yao Ling , Zhu Lihua , Jiang Xiaoqing , Tang Heqing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReaction monitoring and mechanism study for catalytic processes are important for catalyst design and application, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising tool in this area because of its high sensitivity and non‐destructive detection mode. Here a new strategy was proposed for fabricating a micro‐scale Ag@AgCl hollow cube as both a uniform and active photocatalyst and a SERS sensing framework. It was confirmed that the stable micro cube was able to be used as a single particle based platform for SERS monitoring of the photocatalytic reaction on it. This bifunctional material hold both strong SERS enhancement ability (enhancement factor up to 2.4×108) and high photocatalytic activity. Such a micro‐reactor was successfully applied to in situ track the photocatalytic degradation reaction of Nile blue (NB). The SERS monitoring data showed that this photocatalytic reaction apparently followed a pseudo‐first‐order reaction model in kinetics with a rate constant of 0.557 min−1. By looking into the molecular finger‐print information acquired from SERS monitoring, the pathways of the photocatalytic degradation of NB were clarified, which involved the cleavages of two backbones in NB hetero‐ring and the direct oxidation cleavage of naphthalene, as supported by the liquid chromatograph‐mass spectroscopic analysis of the degradation intermediates.
Study of Conformational and Supramolecular Structural Stability of Propylene‐Bridged 2‐Pyridone Dimers
Authors: Rai Sunil K. , Khanam Shaziya , Tewari Ashish K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn quest of the role of noncovalent interaction for the preference of inter and intramolecular stacking phenomenon, we synthesized O/O (1), N/O (2) and N/N (3) isomeric dimers of 3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐pyridone linked through propylene chain. The direct evidence of noncovalent interactions and conformation of all the three isomers were obtained by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and conformational stability was evaluated through density functional theory. Isomers 1 and 2 were crystallized in stable conformation while isomer 3 was crystallized in constraint geometry which was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The supramolecular structure in isomer 1 showed the helical geometry, isomer 2 showed the parallel stacking and pleated structure, while isomer 3 showed only pleated structure.
Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive Amination from Levulinic and Formic Acid Aqueous Solutions: An Approach for the Selective Production of Pyrrolidones in Biorefinery Facilities
Authors: Metzker Gustavo , Dias Rafael M. P. , Burtoloso Antonio C. B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of several pyrrolidones (PYR), including a highly complex tetracyclic one (40‐91% yields), is described employing an inexpensive iron catalyst and aqueous solutions of biomass‐derived levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA). The method is broad since it works with many structurally different amines. Considering that all produced LA from a real biorefinery facility will most probably be further derivatized directly from the hydrolysed biomass in aqueous solutions (without isolation), this method furnishes many advantages when compared to previous ones that employ different solvents or neat LA.
Synthesis of Silica Hollow Nanoreactors with Finely Engineered Inner/Outer Surface Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Chen Jian , Yang Qihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to mimic bio‐synthetic systems with unique microenvironment and structure for allowing organic reactions taking place in water phase with high efficiency, here, we report for the synthesis of ultra‐small silica hollow nanoreactors (particle size of 18±2 nm) with finely engineered inner and outer hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface properties using phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as precursors and F127 (EO106PO70EO106) as single micelle template. Through tuning the mass ratio of PTMS/TMOS, selective growing of organic compositions in the interior or exterior surfaces could be observed. At PTMS/TMOS mass ratio less than 1/3, phenyl group was integrated in the inner surface due to the diffusion and condensation of hydrophobic PTMS into the hydrophobic core of F127 single micelle, inducing unique hydrophobic inner@hydrophilic outer surface properties. At high PTMS/TMOS ratio, phenyl group could be incorporated in both the inner and outer surface, resulting in hydrophobic surfaces. After depositing Pd species, the solid nanoreactor with hydrophobic inner and hydrophilic outer surface properties showed better catalytic performances than nanoreactors with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties in the aqueous phase hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol (TOF 552 vs 312, 273 h−1), showing the superiority of former nanoreactors in chemical reactions using water as solvent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Related Substances of the Antiplatelet Agent Clopidogrel Bisulfate
Authors: Metil Dattatray S. , Sampath Aalla , Reddy Ch Venkata Ramana , Bandichhor Rakeshwar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClopidogrel bisulfate 1 is an antiplatelet agent used for the treatment of platelet aggregation to prevent blood clotting. During the laboratory process development of clopidogrel 1, we have identified six potential related substances (6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) which are formed at various stages of the preparation of 1. Out of these, three related substances (6, 7 and 11) are found to be unprecedented. The present work details the synthesis of these related substances by employing efficient synthetic strategies. The present work also describes the pathways for the formation of these substances and their control strategies during clopidogrel manufacturing.
Supramolecular Complexation between Porphyrin‐Viologen Dyad and Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Lee Min Jung , Kim Min Kyoung , Shee Nirmal K. , Lee Jooran , Yoon Minjoong , Kim Hee‐Joon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe here report the synthesis of a porphyrin‐viologen dyad, and its supramolecular complexation with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). The synthesized dyad was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The dyad readily forms a stable 1:1 supramolecular complex with CB[7], as evidenced by 1H NMR, ESI mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The formation constant for the 1:1 complex determined by the photometric titration is (5.5 ± 0.2) × 104 M−1 at 25 °C in DMSO, which is nearly consistent with that obtained by titration calorimetry. We also uncovered the shuttling motion of the CB[7] ring in the supramolecular complex by variable temperature experiments in 1H NMR spectroscopy. Influences on the fluorescence of dyad by the supramolecular complexation with CB[7] was investigated in DMSO. When CB[7] was added to a solution of the dyad, the fluorescence intensities of dyad remarkably diminish accompanying with shifts to shorter wavelengths. While the electrochemical behavior of dyad in DMSO exhibits six redox waves, the redox waves exhibit irreversible behaviors in the presence of CB[7].
Selective Liquid‐Phase Extraction of Carboxylate‐Rich Graphene Quantum Dots from Graphene Oxide Dispersions
Authors: Yoon Yeoheung , Lee Young Bum , Kim Seong Ku , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , Lee Sun Sook , Yoo Heejoun , An Ki‐Seok 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn advanced simple synthetic route for graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is great importance to progress from laboratory research to industrial applications. Unfortunately, the existing state of synthesis methods of carboxylic acid‐rich GQDs needs additional reaction steps including oxidation, hydro‐ or solvo‐thermal reaction with bulk carbon sources. Besides, its yield is too low compared to starting amount of carbon sources due to complicated purification processes. Hence, production expense is inevitably increased to obstacle actual industrial applications. Here, we report a new synthetic method based on the liquid‐phase extraction technique to separate carboxylate‐rich GQDs (CGQDs) with high yield (> 30%) from graphene oxide (GO) dispersions without additional oxidation and purification processes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Reduction of Azides with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Lixin , Zhang Xiao , Deng Shengqi , You Li , Liu Yu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed reduction of azides by reaction with hydrosilanes is reported. The most efficient CuCl/IPr⋅HCl (IPr=N,N′‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalytic system by employing (EtO)3SiH as the reducing agent has been developed. Diverse amines and primary amides are obtained in moderate to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance under very mild conditions.
Facile Synthesis of Porous Coralline LiVO3 as High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Zhao Dong , Dong Chongrui , Pu Xiangjun , Huang He , Fu Xifan , Chen Zhongxue 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA facile and easily scaled‐up polymer‐pyrolysis method is developed to synthesize porous coralline LiVO3 as cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Polyacrylates of Li and V are used as the precursor compounds. The nanostructured LiVO3 delivers a high specific capacity of 307.6 mAh g−1 with a remarkable capacity retention of 80.6% after 100 cycles. In addition, a high energy density close to 800 Wh kg−1 as well as a competitive power density of ∼4500 W kg−1 are attained. Such excellent lithium storage performance derives from its porous nanoarchitecture, which not only supplies numerous active sites for electrochemical reactions, and shortens Li‐ions diffusion distance, but also provides enough void space to buffer the volume change during lithium intercalation and deintercalation. Therefore, the porous coralline LiVO3 justifies its potential practical application as an alternative to high energy and high power electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The simple approach opens up a new way to fabricate other types of porous coralline energy storage materials.
Competing for government procurement contracts: The role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Flammer Caroline 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary: This study examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) improves firms’ competitiveness in the market for government procurement contracts. To obtain exogenous variation in firms’ social engagement, I exploit a quasi‐natural experiment provided by the enactment of state‐level constituency statutes, which allow directors to consider stakeholders’ interests when making business decisions. Using constituency statutes as instrumental variable (IV) for CSR, I find that companies with higher CSR receive more procurement contracts. The effect is stronger for more complex contracts and in the early years of the government‐company relationship, suggesting that CSR helps mitigate information asymmetries by signaling trustworthiness. Moreover, the effect is stronger in competitive industries, indicating that CSR can serve as a differentiation strategy to compete against other bidders.
Managerial Summary: This study examines how companies can strategically improve their competitiveness in the market for government procurement contracts—a market of economic importance (15–20% of GDP). It shows that companies with higher social and environmental performance (CSR) receive more procurement contracts. This effect is stronger for more complex contracts, in the early years of the government–company relationship, and in more competitive industries. These findings indicate that firms’ CSR can serve as a signaling and differentiation strategy that influences the purchasing decision of government agencies. Accordingly, managers operating in the business‐to‐government (B2G) sector could benefit from integrating social and environmental considerations into their strategic decision making.
Berechnung von Wellblechsilos nach Eurocode
Authors: Motzkus Ulrich 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWellblechsilos gehören nach wie vor zu den wichtigsten Bauwerken zur Einlagerung von landwirtschaftlichen Schüttgütern. Bis zur Einführung der DIN EN‐Vorschriften im Jahr 2010 erfolgten die Berechnung und die Konstruktionsausführung dieser Wellblechsilos im Wesentlichen nach DIN 18914:1985‐09. Diese Norm wurde ersatzlos zurückgezogen und durch DIN EN 1993‐4‐1 und weitere Vorschriften nach DIN EN ersetzt. Die Komplexität der „neuen” Normen ist bekannt.Es wird über Erfahrungen berichtet, wie sich das im Prinzip einfache Konstruktions‐ und Berechnungskonzept des Silobehälters innerhalb der sehr umfangreichen DIN EN‐Vorschriften noch relativ einfach umsetzen lässt.
Brandschutztechnische Risikobewertung von Onshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Lettmann Alisa , Sesselmann Jürgen , Kawohl Anne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDurch Brände an Windenergieanlagen (WEA) entsteht oft ein negatives Bild vom Brandschutz moderner Anlagen, was auch in der öffentlichen Diskussion um die Windenergie spürbar ist. Den verschiedenen Diskussionsinhalten wurde in einer Masterthesis nachgegangen. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse vor, darunter eine Statistik zu Bränden von Windenergieanlagen von 2005 bis Mitte 2016 inklusive einer Auswertung hinsichtlich aufgetretener Brandursachen, Schäden und Brandbekämpfungsmaßnahmen. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Feuerwehren, welche bereits einen Einsatz aufgrund eines Brandes an einer Windenergieanlage hatten, zu Themen wie z. B. Brandursachen, Löschmaßnahmen, Löschwasserversorgung, Absperrradien und herabgefallenen Bauteilen vorgestellt. Hierdurch werden praxisnahe Erfahrungen theoretischen Aspekten gegenübergestellt. Die zusammengestellten Erkenntnisse bilden eine Grundlage für die Erstellung von Brandschutzkonzepten für Windenergieanlagen. Durch aktiven Brandschutz, technische Lösungen und einheitliche Standards bei Brandschutzmaßnahmen und ‐anforderungen kann das Risiko für eine Gefährdung durch eine brennende Windenergieanlage gering gehalten werden.
Sprödbruchverhalten hochfester Schrauben großer Abmessungen bei tiefen Temperaturen
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Lorenz Christoph , Feldmann Markus , Citarelli Sandro , Bleck Wolfgang , Münstermann Sebastian , Brinnel Victoria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHochfeste Schraubengarnituren des Systems HV werden in hochbeanspruchten Stahltragwerken als vorgespannte Verbindungen ausgeführt. Vermehrt werden diese Garnituren auch in großen Abmessungen bis M72 z. B. in Windenergieanlagen eingesetzt. Die Verbindungen werden demnach nicht nur statischen und dynamischen Lasten ausgesetzt, sondern auch tiefen Temperaturen. Bei sonst gleichen Randbedingungen gilt, dass die Sprödbruchgefährdung von Stahlbauteilen mit zunehmender Erzeugnisdicke steigt. Dies gilt prinzipiell auch für größer werdende Schraubendurchmesser. Da bislang keine systematischen Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Sprödbruchneigung von HV‐Schrauben großer Abmessungen existieren und die Werkstoffwahl zur Vermeidung von Sprödbruch von Schrauben nicht durch DIN EN 1993‐1‐10 abgedeckt ist, werden derzeit für größere Schraubendurchmesser höher legierte Stähle verwendet. Im Rahmen des IGF‐Forschungsvorhabens „Sprödbruch von hochfesten Schrauben großer Abmessungen bei tiefen Temperaturen” wurden systematische Untersuchungen zum Tieftemperaturverhalten von HV‐Schrauben der Abmessungen M24 bis M64 durchgeführt, um die Sprödbruchgefährdung dieser Bauteile zu bewerten. Der Beitrag stellt die wichtigsten Untersuchungsergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen des Forschungsvorhabens vor.
Transverse momentum in double parton scattering: factorisation, evolution and matching
Authors: Buffing Maarten G. A. , Diehl Markus , Kasemets Tomas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We give a description of double parton scattering with measured transverse momenta in the final state, extending the formalism for factorisation and resummation developed by Collins, Soper and Sterman for the production of colourless particles. After a detailed analysis of their colour structure, we derive and solve evolution equations in rapidity and renormalisation scale for the relevant soft factors and double parton distributions. We show how in the perturbative regime, transverse momentum dependent double parton distributions can be expressed in terms of simpler nonperturbative quantities and compute several of the corresponding perturbative kernels at one-loop accuracy. We then show how the coherent sum of single and double parton scattering can be simplified for perturbatively large transverse momenta, and we discuss to which order resummation can be performed with presently available results. As an auxiliary result, we derive a simple form for the square root factor in the Collins construction of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions.
Relations Between Self-Reported and Linguistic Monitoring Assessments of Affective Experience in an Extreme Environment
Authors: Smith Nathan 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Approaches for monitoring psychosocial health in challenging environments are needed to maintain the performance and safety of personnel. The purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between 2 candidate methods (self-reported and linguistics) for monitoring affective experience during extreme environment activities. Methods A single-subject repeated-measures design was used in the present work. The participant was a 46-year-old individual scheduled to complete a self-supported ski expedition across Arctic Greenland. The expedition lasted 28 days, and conditions included severe cold, low stimulation, whiteouts, limited habitability, and threats to life and limb. During the expedition, the participant completed a daily self-report log including assessment of psychological health (perceptions of control and affect) and a video diary (emotion). Video diary entries were subjected to linguistic inquiry and word count analyses before the links between self-report and linguistic data across the expedition period were tested. Results Similarities in the pattern of self-reported and linguistic assessments emerged across the expedition period. A number of predictable correlations were identified between self-reported and linguistic assessments of affective/emotional experience. Overall, there was better agreement between self-reports and linguistic analytics for indicators of negative affect/emotion. Conclusions Future research should build on this initial study to further test the links between self-reported affect and emotional states monitored via linguistics. This could help develop methods for monitoring psychological health in extreme environments and support organizational decision making.
Visual working memory span in adults with cochlear implants: Some preliminary findings
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Pisoni David B. , Harris Michael S. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveNeurocognitive functions, specifically verbal working memory (WM), contribute to speech recognition in postlingual adults with cochlear implants (CIs) and normal‐hearing (NH) listener shearing degraded speech. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) WM accuracy as assessed using three visual span measures — digits, objects, and symbols — would correlate with recognition scores for spectrally degraded speech (through a CI or when noise‐vocoded); (2) WM accuracy would be best for digit span, intermediate for object span, and lowest for symbol span, due to the increasing cognitive demands across these tasks. Likewise, response times, relating to processing demands, would be shortest for digit span, intermediate for object span, and longest for symbol span; (3) CI users would demonstrate poorer and slower performance than NH peers on WM tasks, as a result of less efficient verbally mediated encoding strategies associated with a period of prolonged auditory deprivation.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 30 postlingually deaf adults with CIs and 34 NH controls. Participants were tested for sentence recognition in quiet (CI users) or after noise‐vocoding (NH peers), along with WM using visual measures of digit span, object span, and symbol span.ResultsOf the three measures of WM, digit span scores alone correlated with sentence recognition for CI users; no correlations were found using these three measures for NH peers. As predicted, WM accuracy (and response times) were best (and fastest) for digit span, intermediate for object span, and worst (and slowest) for symbol span. CI users and NH peers demonstrated equivalent WM accuracy and response time for digit span and object span, and similar response times for symbol span, but contrary to our original predictions, CI users demonstrated better accuracy on symbol span than NH peers.ConclusionsVerbal WM assessed using visual tasks relates weakly to sentence recognition for degraded speech. CI users performed equivalently to NH peers on most visual tasks of WM, but they outperformed NH peers on symbol span accuracy. This finding deserves further exploration but may suggest that CI users develop alternative or compensatory strategies associated with rapid verbal coding, as a result of their prolonged experience of auditory deprivation.
Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1α are required for normal endometrial repair during menstruation
Authors: Maybin Jacqueline A. , Murray Alison A. , Saunders Philippa T. K. , Hirani Nikhil , Carmeliet Peter , Critchley Hilary O. D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is common and debilitating, and often requires surgery due to hormonal side effects from medical therapies. Here we show that transient, physiological hypoxia occurs in the menstrual endometrium to stabilise hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and drive repair of the denuded surface. We report that women with HMB have decreased endometrial HIF-1α during menstruation and prolonged menstrual bleeding. In a mouse model of simulated menses, physiological endometrial hypoxia occurs during bleeding. Maintenance of mice under hyperoxia during menses decreases HIF-1α induction and delays endometrial repair. The same effects are observed upon genetic or pharmacological reduction of endometrial HIF-1α. Conversely, artificial induction of hypoxia by pharmacological stabilisation of HIF-1α rescues the delayed endometrial repair in hypoxia-deficient mice. These data reveal a role for HIF-1 in the endometrium and suggest its pharmacological stabilisation during menses offers an effective, non-hormonal treatment for women with HMB.