bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A priori and a posteriori error analysis of a mixed DG method for the three-field quasi-Newtonian Stokes flow
Authors: Zhao Lina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we propose and analyse a new mixed-type DG method for the three-field quasi-Newtonian Stokes flow. The scheme is based on the introduction of the stress and strain tensor as further unknowns as well as the elimination of the pressure variable by means of the incompressibility constraint. As such, the resulting system involves three unknowns: the stress, the strain tensor and the velocity. All these three unknowns are approximated using discontinuous piecewise polynomials, which offers flexibility for enforcing the symmetry of the stress and the strain tensor. The unique solvability and a comprehensive convergence error analysis for all the variables are performed. All the variables are proved to converge optimally. Adaptive mesh refinement guided by a posteriori error estimator is computationally efficient, especially for problems involving singularity. In line of this mechanism we derive a residual-type a posteriori error estimator, which constitutes the second main contribution of the paper. In particular, we employ the elliptic reconstruction in conjunction with the Helmholtz decomposition to derive the a posteriori error estimator, which avoids using the averaging operator. Several numerical experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical findings.
The efficacy of antimicrobial solutions against multispecies bacterial biofilm with or without negative pressure wound therapy in an in vitro wound model
Authors: Tahir Shamaila , Parvin Farhana , Wang Matthew , Deva Anand K , Vickery Karen , Hu Honghua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Biofilm is the major challenge in chronic wound management. Instilling a wound cleansing solution aids in wound bed cleaning and infectious pathogen elimination. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) improves the wound-healing process. This study investigated the efficacy of two antimicrobials (Vashe Wound Cleanser and Prontosan Wound Irrigation Solution) against a multispecies bacterial biofilm with or without NPWT in an in vitro wound model.

Methods
A mixed multispecies biofilm containing Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Acinetobacter baumannii was developed and verified by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization. The efficacy of Vashe and Prontosan against multispecies biofilm with or without NPWT was evaluated by colony-forming unit (cfu) of each species and total bacterial number, and visually confirmed by live/dead stain and confocal microscopy.

Results
Prontosan reduced biofilm cell numbers significantly: 6 instils over 24 h resulting in 3.86 ± 0.14 cfu log10 reduction without NPWT and 4.75 ± 0.13 cfu log10 reduction combined with NPWT (P &lt; 0.01) and 12 instils over 48 h resulting in 5.24 ± 0.11 cfu log10 reduction without NPWT and biofilm eradication with NPWT (P &lt; 0.001). NPWT alone or combined with Vashe failed to reduce multispecies biofilm numbers significantly over 24 or 48 h.

Conclusions
Prontosan significantly reduced biofilm cell numbers, with better efficacy over 48 than 24 h, emphasizing the necessity for persistent and robust treatment. NPWT enhanced the effectiveness of Prontosan instillation. However, NPWT alone or combined with Vashe showed limited efficacy and difficulty when combating the multispecies biofilm in vitro.
Towards a Counterculture of International Justice
Authors: Azarova Valentina , Ghahremani Amanda , Jordana Ashley , Kather Alexandra Lily , Rudi Lisa-Marie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coloniality and Eurocentrism are entrenched in the field of international justice, reproducing a harmful dominant culture within international justice non-governmental organizations (‘IJ NGOs’) that influences how practitioners behave, interact with each other, and respond to violence and harm. The article argues that this dominant culture prioritizes punitive approaches to violence over more life-affirming forms of justice and accountability that centre healing and community. Drawing on experiences and conceptual frameworks illustrating dominant oppressive global systems and corresponding social behaviours, the authors critically examine the harms caused by the dominant culture that prevents authentic engagement with a community-led vision of systemic justice that seeks to transform the systems of oppression at the root of violence. Writing from the vantage point of their collective process of co-learning and reorientation and drawing on critical and feminist thought and praxes — including embodiment, abolition, and transformative justice — the authors offer potential ideas and practices that could contribute towards a counterculture in international justice. The article provides initial reflections on a practical framework that could reorient international justice communities of practice towards life-affirming and transformative approaches to justice that centre community-building, collective care, and solidarity.
RDBSB: a database for catalytic bioparts with experimental evidence
Authors: Liu Wan , Wang Pingping , Zhuang Xinhao , Ling Yunchao , Liu Haiyan , Wang Sheng , Yu Haihan , Ma Liangxiao , Jiang Yuguo , Zhao Guoping , Yan Xing , Zhou Zhihua , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Catalytic bioparts are fundamental to the design, construction and optimization of biological systems for specific metabolic pathways. However, the functional characterization information of these bioparts is frequently dispersed across multiple databases and literature sources, posing significant challenges to the effective design and optimization of specific chassis or cell factories. We developed the Registry and Database of Bioparts for Synthetic Biology (RDBSB), a comprehensive resource encompassing 83 193 curated catalytic bioparts with experimental evidences. RDBSB offers their detailed qualitative and quantitative catalytic information, including critical parameters such as activities, substrates, optimal pH and temperature, and chassis specificity. The platform features an interactive search engine, visualization tools and analysis utilities such as biopart finder, structure prediction and pathway design tools. Additionally, RDBSB promotes community engagement through a catalytic bioparts submission system to facilitate rapid data sharing and utilization. To date, RDBSB has supported the contribution of &gt;1000 catalytic bioparts. We anticipate that the database will significantly enhance the resources available for pathway design in synthetic biology and serve essential tools for researchers. RDBSB is freely available at https://www.biosino.org/rdbsb/.
Unplanned Postoperative Emergency Department Visits After Upper Extremity Fracture Surgery
Authors: Lans Jonathan , Beagles Clay B. , Watkins Ian T. , Lechtig Aron , Garg Rohit , Chen Neal C. 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to determine whether outpatient upper extremity fracture surgery was associated with increased postoperative emergency department (ED) visits and identify related risk factors.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
This multicenter study was conducted within a single academic institution, encompassing two Level 1, two Level 2, and one Level 3 trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
All patients >18 years of age who underwent upper extremity fracture surgery from 2015 to 2021 were included.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Risk factors for postoperative ED visit that were investigated included age, sex, tobacco use, alcohol abuse, psychiatric diagnosis, Elixhauser comorbidity score, race, location of upper extremity fracture, surgical setting (inpatient vs. outpatient), upper extremity block, surgical specialty, and Area Deprivation Index. Variables with a P < 0.1 in bivariate analysis were included in a multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with a postoperative ED visit at 30 and 90 days.

RESULTS:
A total of 6315 patients with an average age of 51 ± 19 years were identified of whom 52% were women and 65% had outpatient surgery. Postoperatively, 188 patients (3.0%) presented to the ED within 30 days and 304 (4.8%) presented within 90 days. Thirty-seven percent of ED visits were directly related to the procedure, most commonly for pain (20%), cast issues (4.3%), and swelling (3.9%). At 30 days postoperatively, 2.8% of patients who underwent surgery in an outpatient setting and 3.4% of those who underwent inpatient surgery returned to the ED, with these rates increased to 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively, by 90 days. In multivariable analysis, outpatient surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 1.5, P = 0.030), tobacco use (OR: 2.1, P < 0.001), higher Elixhauser comorbidity scores (OR: 1.2, P < 0.001), non-White race (OR: 1.9, P < 0.001), elbow fractures (OR: 1.8, P = 0.016), and hand fractures (OR: 1.6, P = 0.046) were associated with 30-day ED visits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Outpatient surgery was associated with increased rate of 30-day ED visits. Patients who smoke, had increased number of comorbidities, or were non-White presented to the ED more frequently.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring the 6-year Trend in Dedicated Research Years among Integrated Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Residents
Authors: Gursky Alexis K. , Camacho Justin M. , Patel Heli S. , Reghunathan Meera , Gosman Amanda A. , Hinchcliff Katharine 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) match has become more competitive with an emphasis on research productivity. With the transition of the US Medical Licensing Examination step 1 examination to pass-fail grading, alternative evaluation metrics for residency applications are needed. Our study provides a landscape of the incidence of research years amongst integrated PRS residents and the potential impacts of gender and race.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted for all integrated PRS residents who matched between 2017 and 2022, using publicly available sources including residency websites, PubMed, Doximity, and social media. Demographics, educational background, and participation in a dedicated PRS research year were recorded.

Results:
Among 993 residents across 85 accredited integrated PRS programs, 15.7% (156 of 993) took a research year, with a significant increase over 6 years (R
2 = 0.73, P = 0.019). The majority were men at 51.9%, and White at 53.5%, with underrepresented in medicine residents comprising 13.5%. A total of 73.1% came from a medical school with a home program, and 52.6% matched into a top 20 residency program. No significant difference was seen in the racial/ethnic or gender representation of residents who took a research year compared with all PRS applicants and active PRS residents.

Conclusions:
Research years before applying to residency are becoming more common among integrated PRS residents. Research years are especially common with students who do not have a home program and may help them gain skills and access to mentorship that improves the likelihood of matching.
Subcutaneous Pleomorphic Adenoma in an Accessory Parotid Gland in the Cheek
Authors: Aoki Kenko , Tosa Mamiko , Akiyama Gou , Ogawa Rei 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
The accessory parotid gland (APG) is a distinct salivary tissue in the cheek that is located on the masseter muscle and is separate from the main parotid gland. APG tumors (APGTs) are rare. Due to aesthetic reasons and the risk of both malignancy and recurrence, APGTs are best treated with surgical resection. The resection should be conducted carefully due to potential complications such as Stensen duct and facial nerve injuries. Notably, plastic surgeons rarely see APGT cases because they are classified as parotid gland tumors and are thus mostly treated by otorhinolaryngologists. Nonetheless, because they are subcutaneous tumors in the cheek, patients with APGTs do occasionally visit the plastic surgery outpatient clinic. We report a case of APGT in a 59-year-old woman. She presented in our hospital with a rigid mass in the right cheek that was difficult to diagnose on the basis of clinical findings. After magnetic resonance imaging, APGT was considered along with several other possibilities. However, it was only diagnosed after histopathology on the resected tissues. Thus, plastic surgeons treating subcutaneous tumors of the cheek should consider APGT in their differential diagnosis and seek an accurate preoperative diagnosis, because this will help avoid postoperative complications.
Gender-affirming DIEP Flap Breast Augmentation
Authors: Nolan Ian T. , Alba Brandon E. , Weinstein Brielle , Schechter Loren S. , Shenaq Deana S. , Kurlander David E. 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
Implant-based techniques have been the mainstay of gender-affirming breast augmentation (GABA). Here we describe a novel autologous technique for GABA. We provide a single-patient case report of gender-affirming deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast augmentation. World Professional Association for Transgender Health guidelines were followed according to Standards of Care, version 8. Prepectoral tissue expanders were placed at the time of the patient’s facial feminization surgery. DIEP flaps were then used for bilateral breast augmentation. Planned revisions were made about 5 months later. Breast augmentation was performed successfully with DIEP flaps, and the patient was satisfied with her outcome. No complications occurred. Anatomic differences to cisgender women were noted, including relatively thick musculature of the abdominal wall and chest as well as tight anterior abdominal fascial closure. Advantages compared with implant-based GABA were also noted, including feminization of the abdomen and avoidance of potential implant related complications. We report a novel approach to GABA. Our approach borrows well-established techniques with demonstrated efficacy and high satisfaction in postmastectomy breast reconstruction and even cosmetic purposes. However, sex- and hormone-influenced anatomic differences required some modifications compared with postmastectomy DIEP flap reconstruction.
Rothia mucilaginosa Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Gelfand Michael S. , Cleveland Kerry O. , Animalu Chinelo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rothia mucilaginosa is a gram-positive coccus recognized as an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients (Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:268–270). The organism is often resistant to fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, agents routinely used as anti-infective prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals (Inf Dis Clin Pract. 2020;28:361–365; Infect Dis Now. 2021;51:228–235). Plasma next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasing in clinical use to aid in diagnosis of infections in immunocompromised patients (Infect Dis (Lond). 2015;47:125–1299). A patient with advanced multiple myeloma was admitted with pneumonia. Plasma NGS initially suggested R. mucilaginosa, which was confirmed by cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Treatment with eravacycline led to clinical and radiographic resolution of pneumonia.
Psychological, financial, and educational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents with cancer and their families: a systematic review and thematic analysis
Authors: Churipuy Maureen M. , Noorani Rodrigo , Mullen Callum J. R. , El-Zein Mariam , Barr Ronald D. , Franco Eduardo L. , Malagón Talía 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildren and adolescents diagnosed with cancer and their caregivers are routinely exposed to challenges most families will likely never face, especially during health emergencies where health system resources are put under pressure. The goal of this review was to systematically collect and synthesize the existing literature that examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological, financial, and educational outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer and their caregivers, which usually are parents but may also include other family members such as siblings or grandparents. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched on May 3, 2022. We included both qualitative and quantitative original research and brief reports from which we extracted population demographics, COVID-19 intervention, data collection, and outcome-related items. We then conducted a thematic analysis on the results sections of records. 50 studies of children (0–12 years) or adolescents (13–19 years) with cancer or their families were included. We identified five themes: Positive Impacts of COVID-19, Negative Psychological Experiences, Lack of Support, Mass Job Loss, and Disrupted Education. Our results demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with some positive and multiple negative psychosocial outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer and their families.
Pattern and Risk Factors for Nocturnal Enuresis among Children in Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alqahtani Youssef Ali , Shati Ayed A. , Alhanshani Ahmad A , Al-Garni Abdulaziz M. , Mahmood Syed Esam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNocturnal enuresis is defined as persistent bed-wetting at night beyond the age of five year old. To assess the prevalence and risk factors for nocturnal enuresis in children of the Aseer region.Materials and methodsA descriptive cross-sectional survey via an online questionnaire was conducted targeting all accessible populations who are involved in childcare (5 to 18 years of age) in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was circulated online using social media platforms by the research team. The questionnaire included items to address sociodemographic data of the child and the family, their medical history, and bed-wetting-related information.ResultsThe study included 466 children, of which 145 (31.1%) complained of recurrent bedwetting. More than half of the children who experienced nocturnal enuresis were males (58.6%), and 31.7% were aged between 7-8 years, with a mean age of 5.9 years. A comparable proportion of fathers (59.3%) and mothers (57.9%) of the sampled children were university graduates. A total of 104 (71.7%) children started bed-wetting at 5 years of age, and 19.3% experienced bed-wetting from 6-7 years. Also, 126 (90%) children reported bed-wetting during sleep. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dark phobia, family troubles, and exposure to bullying were the most frequently reported risk factors.ConclusionNearly 1 out of 3 children experienced bed-wetting, which is relatively common in boys than girls. Early toilet training and a supportive parental attitude toward bed-wetting is essential to improve the child’s quality of life.
Menstrual hygiene management improvement in selected communities using nurturing care group approach
Authors: Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Appiah-Effah Eugene , Tidwell James Ben , Nyarko Kwabena Biritwum 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImproved menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is key to socioeconomic empowerment of women through improved well-being. Safe MHM is challenging in developing countries especially in rural and low-income settings. The study assessed the influence of World Vision’s piloted project of Nurturing Care Group approach on MHM in rural communities of Ghana. Four (4) communities each from Savelugu Municipal and Sekyere East District Assemblies were selected for a cross-sectional qualitative survey using 16 focus group discussions. Data was analysed using inductive mixed method with content analysis. Findings from 162 study participants showed satisfactory MHM awareness and practices among young and old females; MHM awareness and education sources included relatives, friends, NGOs, public and social institutions (e.g., health centres, churches, schools etc); intervention improved MHM understanding, behaviour and personal hygiene practices. Some MHM challenges that persisted included non-availability and prohibitive high cost of MHM materials, burden of managing menstrual pains, inadequate knowledge in handling menstrual intricacies, menstrual taboos, and stigma. Menstrual stigma was comparatively low among intervention communities than controls, but there was no difference regarding menstrual taboos across all communities largely due to religious and superstitious beliefs. Championing local production and use of reusable menstrual pads from fabrics was considered an innovation to ease sanitary pad cost burden and non-availability of menstrual pads. MHM was positively influenced through improved understanding of personal hygiene practices, and reduced stigmatization among others. Subsequent interventions would require adequate scope and resources to work with stakeholders to facilitate change processes with persistent MHM challenge like taboos.
A spatially-resolved blueprint of the developing human lung reveals a WNT-driven niche for basal stem cells
Authors: Hsu Peggy P. , Conchola Ansley S. , Frum Tristan , Dong Xiangning , Tudrick Lila , Ponnusamy Varun , Downey Michael S. , Wu Manqi , Yang Mengkun , Lee Yusoo , Niestroy Emma , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Wu Angeline , Glass Ian A. , Merajver Sofia D. , Spence Jason R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOrgans are composed of diverse cell types that change across space and time during development. To interrogate this diversity, we micro-dissected developing human lungs along the proximal-distal axis during the late pseudoglandular stage and generated an integrated analysis of single-nucleus sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, creating a cellularly-resolved atlas of the lung. These rich datasets revealed positional niches and cellular heterogeneity along the proximal-distal axis, including the identification of a unique population of TP63+basal cells, the primary stem cell of the airway, marked by expression ofLGR5andLGR6. Analysis of theLGR5+basal cell niche and functional experiments with primary organoid models suggest a tonic level of WNT pathway activity inLGR5+basal cells that is potentiated by mesenchyme-derived R-SPONDIN. We found that basal cell self-renewal is enhanced by WNT activity, suggesting that the WNT pathway plays a previously unappreciated but critical role in airway stem cell maintenance during human development. These results enhance our fundamental understanding of the positional and cellular heterogeneity in the developing human lungs and begin to reveal unique niches that maintain homeostasis throughout the lung.