bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bivariate return periods of temperature and precipitation explain a large fraction of European crop yields
Authors: Zscheischler Jakob , Orth Rene , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Crops are vital for human society. Crop yields vary with climate and it is important to understand how climate and crop yields are linked to ensure future food security. Temperature and precipitation are among the key driving factors of crop yield variability. Previous studies have investigated mostly linear relationships between temperature and precipitation and crop yield variability. Other research has highlighted the adverse impacts of climate extremes, such as drought and heat waves, on crop yields. Impacts are, however, often non-linearly related to multivariate climate conditions. Here we derive bivariate return periods of climate conditions as indicators for climate variability along different temperature–precipitation gradients. We show that in Europe, linear models based on bivariate return periods of specific climate conditions explain on average significantly more crop yield variability (42 %) than models relying directly on temperature and precipitation as predictors (36 %). Our results demonstrate that most often crop yields increase along a gradient from hot and dry to cold and wet conditions, with lower yields associated with hot and dry periods. The majority of crops are most sensitive to climate conditions in summer and to maximum temperatures. The use of bivariate return periods allows the integration of non-linear impacts into climate–crop yield analysis. This offers new avenues to study the link between climate and crop yield variability and suggests that they are possibly more strongly related than what is inferred from conventional linear models.
An operational procedure for rapid flood risk assessment in Europe
Authors: Dottori Francesco , Kalas Milan , Salamon Peter , Bianchi Alessandra , Alfieri Lorenzo , Feyen Luc 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The development of methods for rapid flood mapping and risk assessment is a key step to increase the usefulness of flood early warning systems and is crucial for effective emergency response and flood impact mitigation. Currently, flood early warning systems rarely include real-time components to assess potential impacts generated by forecasted flood events. To overcome this limitation, this study describes the benchmarking of an operational procedure for rapid flood risk assessment based on predictions issued by the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS). Daily streamflow forecasts produced for major European river networks are translated into event-based flood hazard maps using a large map catalogue derived from high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations. Flood hazard maps are then combined with exposure and vulnerability information, and the impacts of the forecasted flood events are evaluated in terms of flood-prone areas, economic damage and affected population, infrastructures and cities.An extensive testing of the operational procedure has been carried out by analysing the catastrophic floods of May 2014 in Bosnia–Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. The reliability of the flood mapping methodology is tested against satellite-based and report-based flood extent data, while modelled estimates of economic damage and affected population are compared against ground-based estimations. Finally, we evaluate the skill of risk estimates derived from EFAS flood forecasts with different lead times and combinations of probabilistic forecasts. Results highlight the potential of the real-time operational procedure in helping emergency response and management.
Un estudio inicial de hábitos saludables en alumnado de 1º de eso
Authors: Rodrigo Gómez Miguel Maximiliano , Ejeda Manzanera José Manuel , Rodrigo Vega Maximiliano 
Published: July 2017

En este trabajo se ha realizado una aproximación general inicial a la situación alimentaria y a los hábitos dietéticos (y en menor medida de actividad física) en una muestra de 66 estudiantes de 1º de ESO. Todo ello, como paso previo, por la importancia que puede tener el conocimiento de esos datos para abordar posibles programas de Educación para la Salud escolar. Desde el punto de vista de la aproximación a la situación alimentaria, utilizando para ello el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), la predominante es Normopeso (un 66,7%), seguida de Exceso de peso (Sobrepeso + Obesidad, para el 24,3%) y de Delgadez (para un 9,0%). En general el alumnado presenta valores bajos de aproximación a hábitos dietéticos de estilo mediterráneo (el 51,1 % muy deficientes) y de actividad física saludable algo mejores, siendo malos para el 27,3% (ambos medidos con el test Krece Plus). Por último se ha realizado un estudio especial de hábitos de Desayuno y de toma de Media mañana o recreo matinal por su importancia para la Educación para la Salud (EpS) y Alimentaria escolar. De él se desprende que valoradas en conjunto ambas la calidad alimentaria (tipo En-kid, o presencia de lácteos, cereales y frutas) de las tomas matinales mejora significativamente (p<0,01) y pasaría a ser alta para el 30,3% y media para el 45,4%; no obstante sigue deficiente (baja y/o mala) en el 24,3% de la muestra. Se plantea al final la necesidad de abordar propuestas de EpS, por ejemplo de mejora de hábitos dietéticos de desayuno especialmente utilizando la toma del Mm-recreo matinal. Además especialmente aconsejables en los alumnos con Exceso de peso (24,3%) que significativamente (p<0,05) no suelen realizar el Desayuno o toman pocos alimentos como lácteos o cereales de calidad.
Menurunkan Derajat Flebitis Akibat Terapi Intravena pada Anak dengan Kompres Aloe vera: Studi Pilot
Authors: Hasanah Oswati , Novayelinda Riri , Maifera Maifera , Isdelni Isdelni 
Published: July 2017

Terapi intravena merupakan jenis terapi yang banyak diberikan pada pasien anak yang dirawat. Pemasangan intravena dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan komplikasi pada anak, seperti flebitis. Salah satu tindakan mengatasi flebitis adalah dengan mengompres Aloe vera yang bermanfaat karena memiliki elektrolit dalam konsentrasi rendah sehingga tidak menimbulkan ekstravasasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pemberian Aloe vera terhadap derajat flebitis pada anak. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen ini melibatkan 15 anak yang dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Semua sampel diberikan kompres Aloe vera murni. Derajat flebitis diukur dengan menggunakan skala flebitis Infusion Nurses Society (INS) sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa rerata derajat flebitis sebelum perlakuan sebesar 2,60 dengan skor minimum-maksimum 1–5, rerata derajat flebitis sesudah perlakuan menjadi 1,07 dengan skor minimum-maksimum 0–3. Aloe vera efektif menurunkan derajat flebitis pada anak (p= 0,000). Penelitian selanjutnya perlu dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektifitas kompres Aloe vera dengan terapi non farmakologis lainnya. Abstract Reducing the Grade of Phlebitis due to Intravenous Therapy in Children with Aloe Vera Compress. Intravenous therapy is a type of treatment that is widely provided to hospitalized children. Intravenous application in a long time causes complications in children, such as phlebitis. One of the interventions in handling phlebitis is compressing Aloe vera which is useful because it has electrolyte in low concentration so as not to cause extravasation. This study aims to identify the effect of Aloe vera on the degree of phlebitis in hospitalized children. This quasi-experimental study involved 15 children selected by consecutive sampling. All samples received a pure Aloe vera compress. The grade of phlebitis was measured using the INS phlebitis scale before and after the intervention. This study found that the mean degree of phlebitis before treatment was 2.60 with a minimum-maximum score 1–5, and after treatment, the average grade of phlebitis was 1.07 with a minimum-maximum score 0–3. Aloe vera effectively decreased the degree of phlebitis in children (p= 0.000). Further research needs to compare the effectiveness of Aloe vera compresses with other non-pharmacological measurements. Keywords: Aloe vera, intravenous therapy, pediatric, phlebitis
Morphological variation ofAphidius erviHaliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with different aphid hosts
Authors: Villegas Cinthya M. , Žikić Vladimir , Stanković Saša S. , Ortiz-Martínez Sebastián A. , Peñalver-Cruz Ainara , Lavandero Blas 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundParasitoids are frequently used in biological control due to the fact that they are considered host specific and highly efficient at attacking their hosts. As they spend a significant part of their life cycle within their hosts, feeding habits and life history of their host can promote specialization via host-race formation (sequential radiation). The specialized host races from different hosts can vary morphologically, behaviorally and genetically. However, these variations are sometimes inconspicuous and require more powerful tools in order to detect variation such as geometric morphometrics analysis.MethodsWe examinedAphidius ervi, an important introduced biological control agent in Chile associated with a great number of aphid species, which are exploiting different plant hosts and habitats. Several combinations (biotypes) of parasitoids with various aphid/host plant combinations were analyzed in order to obtain measures of forewing shape and size. To show the differences among defined biotypes, we chose 13 specific landmarks on each individual parasitoid wing. The analysis of allometric variation calculated in wing shape and size over centroid size (CS), revealed the allometric changes among biotypes collected from different hosts. To show all differences in shape of forewings, we made seven biotype pairs using an outline-based geometric morphometrics comparison.ResultsThe biotypeA. pis_pea(Acyrthosiphon pisumon pea) was the extreme wing size in this study compared to the other analyzed biotypes. Aphid hosts have a significant influence in the morphological differentiation of the parasitoid forewing, splitting biotypes in two groups. The first group consisted of biotypes connected withAcyrthosiphon pisumon legumes, while the second group is composed of biotypes connected with aphids attacking cereals, with the exception of theR. pad_wheat(Rhopalosiphum padion wheat) biotype. There was no significant effect of plant species on parasitoid wing size and shape.DiscussionAlthough previous studies have suggested that the genotype of parasitoids is of greater significance for the morphological variations of size and shape of wings, this study indicates that the aphid host on whichA. ervidevelops is the main factor to alter the structure of parasitoid forewings. Bigger aphid hosts implied longer and broader forewings ofA. ervi.
The stabilizing effect of collision‐induced velocity shear on the ionospheric feedback instability in Earth's magnetosphere
Authors: Sydorenko D. , Rankin R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe feedback instability in the ionospheric Alfvén resonator in Earth's magnetosphere is examined using a two‐dimensional multifluid numerical model of coupled ionosphere and magnetosphere. Two simulation configurations are used to demonstrate that the instability occurs under an assumption that is unrealistic for Earth's ionosphere. In the first configuration, a flat sheet height‐integrated conducting boundary replaces the ionospheric E layer. In the second configuration, plasma dynamics in a simplified E layer is resolved ignoring ion production, loss, and diffusion. For the same parameters (plasma and neutral density profiles and convection electric field), the instability develops only with the flat sheet boundary. When the E layer is resolved, the variation of ion‐neutral collision frequencies with altitude produces vertical shear in the horizontal ion flow velocity. The shear prevents density perturbations from remaining field aligned, causing them to decay rather than grow. It is suggested that the instability cannot occur in Earth's ionosphere because ion‐neutral collision frequencies always have a significant variation with altitude through the E layer.
Three‐dimensional density structure of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe lava dome from simultaneous muon radiographies and gravity data
Authors: Rosas‐Carbajal M. , Jourde Kevin , Marteau Jacques , Deroussi Sébastien , Komorowski Jean‐Christophe , Gibert Dominique 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMuon imaging has recently emerged as a powerful method to complement standard geophysical tools in the understanding of the Earth's subsurface. Muon measurements yield a “radiography” of the average density along the muon path, allowing to image large volumes of a geological body from a single observation point. Here we jointly invert muon data from three simultaneous telescope acquisitions together with gravity data to estimate the three‐dimensional density structure of the La Soufrière de Guadeloupe lava dome. Our unique data set allows us to achieve an unprecedented spatial resolution with this novel technique. The retrieved density model reveals an extensive, low‐density anomaly where the most active part of the volcanic hydrothermal system is located, supporting previous studies that indicate this region as the most likely to be involved in a partial edifice collapse.
A basis function approach for exploring the seasonal and spatial features of storm surge events
Authors: Wu Wenyan , Westra Seth , Leonard Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStorm surge is a significant contributor to flooding in coastal and estuarine regions. To represent the statistical characteristics of storm surge over a climatologically diverse region, we propose the use of basis functions that capture the temporal progression of individual storm surge events. This extends statistical analyses of surge from considering only the peak to a more multifaceted approach that also includes decay rate and duration. Our results show that there is seasonal variation in storm surge along the Australian coastline. During the dominant storm surge seasons, the peak and duration of storm surge events tend to increase simultaneously at a number of locations, with implications for flood damage assessments and evacuation planning. By combining the dynamic and statistical features of storm surge, it is possible to better understand the factors that can lead to flood risk along the coastline, including estuarine areas that are also affected by fluvial floods.
Finding multiscale connectivity in our geospace observational system: Network analysis of total electron content
Authors: McGranaghan Ryan M. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Verkhoglyadova Olga , Malik Nishant 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present the first complex network theory‐based analysis of high‐latitude total electron content (TEC) data, including dependencies on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle and hemisphere. We examine several network measures to quantify the spatiotemporal correlation patterns in the TEC data for winter and summer months in 2016. We find that significant structure exists in the correlation patterns, distinguishing the dayside and nightside ionosphere, and specific features in the high latitudes such as the polar cap and auroral oval, including the cusp and ionospheric foot points of magnetospheric boundary layers. These features vary with the IMF, exhibiting a strong dependence on the north‐south direction and generally larger variations during the winter months in both hemispheres. Our exploratory results suggest that network analysis of TEC data can be used to study characteristic ionospheric spatial scales at high latitudes, thereby extending the utility of these data. We explore mesoscale and large scale (greater than tens of kilometers and greater than hundreds of kilometers, respectively) as a function of winter/summer season, hemisphere, and IMF direction and conclude that the relative importance of different ionospheric scales is not a constant relationship. Together with an identification of important areas of future work, our findings provide a foundation for the application of network analysis techniques to ionospheric TEC. Our results suggest that network analysis can reveal new physical connections in the ionospheric system.
Comparison of the coronal mass ejection shock acceleration of three widespread SEP events during solar cycle 24
Authors: Xie H. , Mäkelä P. , St. Cyr O. C. , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe studied three solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed on 14 August 2010, 3 November 2011, and 5 March 2013 by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A, B, and near‐Earth (L1) spacecraft with a longitudinal distribution of particles >90°. Using a forward modeling method combined with extreme ultraviolet and white‐light images, we determined the angular extent of the shock, the time and location (cobpoint) of the shock intersection with the magnetic field line connecting to each spacecraft, and compute the shock speed at the cobpoint of each spacecraft. We then examine whether the observations of SEPs at each spacecraft were accelerated and injected by the spatially extended shocks or whether another mechanism such as cross‐field transport is required for an alternative explanation. Our analyses results indicate that the SEPs observed at the three spacecraft on 3 November, STEREO B (STB) and L1 on 14 August, and the 5 March SEP event at STEREO A (STA) can be explained by the direct shock acceleration. This is consistent with the observed significant anisotropies, short time delays between particle release times and magnetic connection times, and sharp rises in the SEP time profiles. Cross‐field diffusion is the likely cause for the 14 August SEP event observed by STA and the 5 March SEPs observed by STB and L1 spacecraft, as particle observations featured weak electron aniotropies and slow rising intensity profiles. Otherwise, the wide longitudinal spread of these SEP increases would require an existence of a circumsolar shock, which may not be a correct assumption in the corona and heliosphere.
The occurrence and wave properties of EMIC waves observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission
Authors: Wang X. Y. , Huang S. Y. , Allen R. C. , Fu H. S. , Deng X. H. , Zhou M. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can precipitate the ring current ions and relativistic electrons and heat the cold electrons in the magnetosphere. This requires comprehensive knowledge of the occurrence and wave properties of EMIC waves. In the present study, we used the data from one new mission, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission launched in March 2015, to investigate the occurrence and wave properties of H+‐band and He+‐band EMIC waves in the magnetosphere. Our statistical results show the following: (1) H+‐band EMIC waves mostly occur in the higher L‐shells (L > 5) while He+‐band EMIC waves are mostly observed in the lower L‐shells (L < 6). (2) The occurrence rate of H+‐band EMIC waves in the dayside is higher than that in the nightside. The highest peak of occurrence rate of H+‐band EMIC waves is in the postnoon sector (5–8 L‐shells), and the secondary peak lies in the small area of the dawn sector. (3) The wave power spectral density peaks in the postnoon and predusk sectors, while the wave normal angles are largest in the dawn sector. (4) Linear and right‐hand polarized H+‐band EMIC waves are mainly in the regions of peak occurrence, while linear polarized waves are seen to also dominate outside of the regions of peak occurrence. The highest occurrence rate of linear polarized He+‐band EMIC waves is observed in the dawn sector. We discussed the results and compared with previous findings.
RuP2‐Based Catalysts with Platinum‐like Activity and Higher Durability for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Kou Zongkui , Li Wenqiang , Mu Shichun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHighly active, stable, and cheap Pt‐free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are under increasing demand for future energy conversion systems. However, developing HER electrocatalysts with Pt‐like activity that can function at all pH values still remains as a great challenge. Herein, based on our theoretical predictions, we design and synthesize a novel N,P dual‐doped carbon‐encapsulated ruthenium diphosphide (RuP2@NPC) nanoparticle electrocatalyst for HER. Electrochemical tests reveal that, compared with the Pt/C catalyst, RuP2@NPC not only has Pt‐like HER activity with small overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (38 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, 57 mV in 1.0 m PBS and 52 mV in 1.0 m KOH), but demonstrates superior stability at all pH values, as well as 100 % Faradaic yields. Therefore, this work adds to the growing family of transition‐metal phosphides/heteroatom‐doped carbon heterostructures with advanced performance in HER.
Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Vinylogous Propargylation of Coumarins Yields a Class of Autophagy Inhibitors
Authors: Xu Hao , Laraia Luca , Schneider Laura , Louven Kathrin , Strohmann Carsten , Antonchick Andrey P. , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA highly enantioselective copper‐catalyzed vinylogous propargylic substitution has been developed. Aromatic and aliphatic propargylic esters react smoothly with substituted coumarins under mild reaction conditions to give the desired products with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Subsequent single‐step transformations enable the synthesis of a wide range of multifunctional and diverse compounds, and allow the efficient combination of different natural product fragments. Investigation of the obtained compound collection in cell‐based assays monitoring changes in phenotype led to the discovery of a novel class of autophagy inhibitors.
A Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Virosaine A
Authors: Hughes Jonathan M. E. , Gleason James L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe total synthesis of (−)‐virosaine A (1) was achieved in ten steps starting from furan and 2‐bromoacrolein. A one‐pot Diels–Alder cycloaddition/organolithium addition initiated an efficient sequence to access a key oxime/epoxide intermediate. Heating this intermediate in acetic acid resulted in an intramolecular epoxide opening/nitrone [3+2] cycloaddition cascade to construct the caged core of 1 in a single step. Several methods of C−H functionalization were assessed on the cascade product, and ultimately, a directed lithiation/bromination effected selective C14 functionalization, enabling the synthesis of 1.
Hydrolysis of part of cassava starch into nanocrystals leads to increased reinforcement of nanocomposite films
Authors: Costa Élia Karina de Carvalho , de Souza Carolina Oliveira , da Silva Jania Betânia Alves , Druzian Janice Izabel 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reports on using cassava starch nanocrystals (CSN) to strengthen nanocomposite films from the same matrix. CSN were obtained by acid hydrolysis. Nanocomposite (starch:glycerol:CSN/4.0:2.1:1–10 wt %) were processed by casting and the films were characterized. The CSN (30% yield) presented minimally clustered globular forms, 45 to 178 nm in diameter, with a crystalline index of 46%. Water‐vapor transmission rate, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the films were influenced by the linear effect of CSN concentration (R2 = −0.92, 0.91, 0.99, respectively), while the other parameters resulted in quadratic relations |0.69–0.96|. The film with 10% CSN presented a 43% reduction in water vapor permeability, associated with increases of 200% in traction resistance, and 616% in elasticity modulus, compared with the control. The hydrolysis of part of the cassava starch into nanocrystals resulted in a reduction in permeability and nano reinforcement of the films due to good compatibility and interaction between both, without influencing biodegradability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45311.