bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self-assessment Tool for Screening Young Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Using Strong Heart Family Study Data
Authors: Yan Fengxia , Cha EunSeok , Lee Elisa T. , Mayberry Robert M. , Wang Wenyu , Umpierrez Guillermo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in young adults aged 18 to 29 years to develop a noninvasive risk assessment tool for use with younger American populations. Methods The self-assessment tool was developed with the Strong Heart Family Study data. A total of 590 young American Indian adults (242 men) who had normoglycemia and were not receiving diabetes treatment were included. Risk factors recommended by the American Diabetes Association were used to assess diabetes risk in these young adults. A logistic regression model was developed to calculate the predicted probability. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model. Results The final model showed that parental history of diabetes, obesity level, alcohol consumption, and high fasting glucose, even within normal range, were significantly associated with onset of prediabetes/diabetes in 5 years. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.68 with original and validated data, indicating that the risk assessment tool had reasonably good discrimination ability. Conclusions This new noninvasive screening tool, based on data from American Indian young adults, has potential to screen young adults’ early-onset diabetes risk. Future studies are warranted to test this risk assessment tool in other racial/ethnic young adults.
Evaluating Substance Use and Insulin Misuse in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Snyder Lydia L. , Truong Young Kinh-Nhue , Law Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Substance use behaviors often emerge during adolescence, and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be at risk for engaging in traditional substance use (eg, alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances) as well as a unique form of substance use: insulin misuse. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine substance use and insulin misuse in adolescents with T1D. Methods Sixty adolescents aged 12 to 20 years with T1D (n = 60) completed surveys on substance use, insulin misuse, and diabetes self-management during a routine diabetes appointment. Demographic measures were summarized by mean (SD) or percentage. Prevalence of substance use and insulin misuse was calculated and stratified by demographic and clinical characteristics. Two-sample t test (continuous variables) and chi-square analysis (categorical variables) determined statistically significant differences. Results The prevalence of ever using substances was 36.7%, and that for ever misusing insulin was 19%. Older participants (17.1 ± 1.8 vs 15.6 ± 1.9 years; P < .01) and those with depression (31.8% vs 7.9%; P = .02) were more likely to use substances. Disordered eating behaviors were the most frequently reported reason for insulin misuse. Self-harm intent was reported by one-third of insulin misusers. Substance use and insulin misuse were not related to glycemic control or diabetes self-management behaviors. Conclusions The diabetes care team should be aware that substance use and insulin misuse are common in adolescents with T1D. Screening for these risky behaviors is critical in those who are older or have mental health disorders. Effective education, prevention, and treatment strategies targeted at these behaviors are needed to improve the overall health of this population.
Generalized Ligamentous Laxity Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Outcomes After the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Park Kwang Hwan , Lee Jin Woo , Suh Jae Wan , Shin Myung Ho , Choi Woo Jin 
Published: August 2016

Background: The modified Broström procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) has presented outstanding clinical results. However, after the procedure, some patients with generalized ligamentous laxity have experienced a recurrence of ankle instability. Purpose: To understand the effect of generalized ligamentous laxity on prognosis and risk of recurrence in a cohort of patients with CLAI after the modified Broström procedure. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 199 ankles from 188 patients underwent the modified Broström procedure for CLAI with a mean follow-up of 60.1 months (range, 48-108 months). Generalized ligamentous laxity was assessed in all patients. The Karlsson-Peterson ankle score (Karlsson score), talar tilt angle, and anterior displacement of the talus were used to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes. Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes were evaluated using bivariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Survival outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Generalized ligamentous laxity was evident in 42 cases (21.1%). The average Karlsson score improved from 54.6 ± 7.1 preoperatively to 87.9 ± 7.2 at last follow-up ( P < .001). The presence of generalized ligamentous laxity was significantly associated with poor clinical and radiological outcomes. The rates of clinical failure were 10.8% and 45.2% in the nonlaxity group and the laxity group, respectively ( P < .001). According to bivariate analysis, generalized ligamentous laxity, syndesmosis widening, osteochondral lesion of the talus, high preoperative talar tilt angle (>15°), and high preoperative anterior displacement of the talus (>10 mm) were significantly associated with clinical failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that generalized ligamentous laxity was the most important independent predictor of clinical failure after the modified Broström procedure. The cumulative success rates for the nonlaxity group were significantly superior to those for the laxity group in Kaplan-Meier curves ( P < .001). Conclusion: Generalized ligamentous laxity is an independent predictor of poor outcomes and a risk factor of recurrent instability following the modified Broström procedure for CLAI.
History of the Hungarian National Library
Authors: Monok István 
Published: August 2016

The library structure which still operates in Hungary today took shape in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The secular organizations of society at first organized their own collections together with the church libraries. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the rise of the urban bourgeoisie led to the establishment of numerous institutions not tied to the churches (clubs, educational societies, reading circles, and so on). The libraries of aristocrats (for example the library of Count József Teleki and his wife Kata Bethlen, the Festetics family, and the Ráday family) and scholars were the most important for the development of book collecting in Hungary. The idea of establishing the Hungarian national library emerged together with the intention to set up the national scholarly society, an academy of sciences. The collection is based on the library of Count Ferenc Széchényi donated for the establishment of a national library. It was first called Széchényi National Library, and operated within the frame of the National Museum up to 1949. Under the direction of the far-sighted minister of culture József Eötvös the library was made an important part of cultural policy, and its function expanded. Besides acquiring and preserving Hungarian-related documents great emphasis was placed on their scholarly processing and on research work. The National Széchényi Library became an independent institution in 1949 and occupied its present place in the Buda Castle Palace in 1985. The national library is an active member of the international library community, making great efforts to ensure its presence as an institution in international forums dealing with research on the history of books and libraries.
Performance Measures for National Bibliographic Services
Authors: Bryant Philip 
Published: August 2016

The Centre for Bibliographic Management is funded by the British Library Research and Development Department, but the details given and opinions expressed are entirely the responsibility of the author. Performance can be measured in quantitative and qualitative terms. Quality of bibliographic service should be concerned with accuracy, consistency and timeliness. Functions and the criteria relating to them have to be determined in order to define effective targets; and regular monitoring is required. Adequacy of records is the criterion that poses most problems, as different users need different quality and level of detail; a major study of this was undertaken by the Centre for Bibliographic Management. Performance measurement is however usually desirable on a continuing basis; an example is the BNB MARC Currency Survey administered by the Centre for nine years.
Helsinki University Library — The National Library of Finland
Authors: Häkli Esko 
Published: August 2016

Helsinki University Library, the national library of Finland, is often mentioned in writings on national libraries of the world as an exception. Although it is a university library, it is, however more a national library; it is a separate institution, independent from the other libraries of the university. It will in 1990 together with the university celebrate its 350th anniversary. Its status as national library will now for the first time be regulated by law, when the new university law in preparation is passed. The law will not change the library's organizational status. Helsinki University Library takes care of most of the national library tasks in Finland. The registration of material for the national bibliography has since 1979 been based on a scheme of shared cataloguing. The library will in 1990 adopt a new integrated automation system (VTLS), which will be installed also in all other university libraries. For the Retrospective National Bibliography 1488–1827 the library has received a donation of 5 million Finnish marks (about £750,000) from a Finnish banking company. As a result of the government's employment policy the library is decentralizing its activities. In December 1989 a unit for conversion of catalogues was set up in the town of Kotka. A centre for conservation and microfilming will start in the middle of 1990 in Mikkeli, and the main part of the present preservation activities in Helsinki will move there.
National Information Policies and Networks in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Sudan
Authors: Wesley Cecile 
Published: August 2016

The main functions of the National Documentation Centre of Morocco include supervision and coordination of the different components of the information network, through a decentralized system of regional and specialized sectoral networks. Its role is backed up by legislation, and it has financial and administrative autonomy. Egypt's National Documentation and Information Centre is affiliated to the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. However, the Egyptian National Scientific and Technical Information Network is an autonomous body. Two of its main functions are to organize the Egyptian scientific and technical literature by developing and maintaining national and sectoral databases, and to facilitate access to recorded knowledge in electronic as well as traditional forms whether in Egypt or abroad. In Tunisia in 1977 the National Committee for Documentation proposed a national information system based on thirteen sectors. Seven of these are now in existence, of which the National Documentation Centre, the Agricultural Documentation Centre and the National University Centre for Scientific and Technical Documentation are the three main ones. These have however been allowed to grow independently of one another, as integration is only planned for in the second phase. The National Documentation Centre of Sudan started as a unit in the National Council for Research, whose needs and interests it reflects. Coordination of libraries, documentation centres and other information services is assigned to the National Committee for Information, but this has not yet taken off; thus libraries and documentation centres are isolated and their growth is haphazard.
Sagittal Distal Tibial Articular Angle and the Relationship to Talar Subluxation in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Veljkovic Andrea , Norton Adam , Salat Peter , Abbas Kaniza Zahra , Saltzman Charles , Femino John E. , Phisitkul Phinit , Amendola Annunziato 
Published: August 2016

Background: Longevity of total ankle replacement (TAR) depends heavily on anatomic alignment. The lateral talar station (LTS) classifies the sagittal position of the talus relative to the tibia. We hypothesized that correcting the sagittal distal tibial articular angle (sDTAA) during TAR would anatomically realign the tibiotalar joint and potentially reduce the risk of prosthesis subluxation. Methods: The LTS (millimeters) and sDTAA (degrees) were measured twice by 2 blinded observers using weight-bearing lateral ankle radiographs obtained before (n = 96) and after (n = 94) TAR, with excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability (correlation coefficient >0.9). Results: Preoperative LTS was as follows: anterior (60.4%), posterior (27.1%), and neutral (12.5%). A strong preoperative correlation was found between LTS and sDTAA ( r = 0.81; P < .0001). In ankles that were initially anterior and became less anterior postoperatively (n = 41), LTS decreased from an average 8.1 mm to 6.5 mm and the LTS changed 1.1 mm per degree of sDTAA change. In ankles that were initially posterior (n = 25), LTS increased from an average of −5.1 mm to −2.8 mm and the LTS changed 0.6 mm per degree of sDTAA change. The correlation between LTS and sDTAA was reduced postoperatively ( r = 0.62; P < .0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that rather than following generic recommendations, the surgeon should customize the sagittal distal tibial cut to the individual patient based on the preoperative LTS in order to achieve neutral TAR alignment. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
High-dose erythropoietin in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Schreiber Karen , Magyari Melinda , Sellebjerg Finn , Iversen Pernille , Garde Ellen , Madsen Camilla Gøbel , Börnsen Lars , Romme Christensen Jeppe , Ratzer Rikke , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Laursen Bjarne , Soelberg Sorensen Per 
Published: August 2016

Background: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a part of an endogenous neuroprotective system in the brain and may address pathophysiological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate a treatment effect of EPO on progressive MS. Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, in which 52 patients with secondary or primary progressive MS were allocated to treatment with recombinant EPO (48,000 IU) or placebo, administered intravenously 17 times during 24 weeks. Patients had an Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) from 4 to 6.5 and clinical progression without relapses in the 2 preceding years. The primary outcome was the change in a composite measure of maximum gait distance, hand dexterity, and cognition from baseline to 24 weeks. Results: A total of 50 patients completed the study. Venesection was performed often but no thromboembolic events occurred. We found no difference in the primary outcome between the EPO and the placebo group using the intention-to-treat principle ( p = 0.22). None of the secondary outcomes, neither clinical nor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures showed any significant differences. Conclusion: This study provides class II evidence that treatment with high-dose EPO is not an effective treatment in patients with moderately advanced progressive MS.
Improvement of spasticity following intermittent theta burst stimulation in multiple sclerosis is associated with modulation of resting-state functional connectivity of the primary motor cortices
Authors: Boutière Clémence , Rey Caroline , Zaaraoui Wafaa , Le Troter Arnaud , Rico Audrey , Crespy Lydie , Achard Sophie , Reuter Françoise , Pariollaud Fanelly , Wirsich Jonathan , Asquinazi Patrick , Confort-Gouny Sylviane , Soulier Elisabeth , Guye Maxime , Pelletier Jean , Ranjeva Jean-Philippe , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: August 2016

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the primary motor cortex improves transiently lower limbs spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the cerebral mechanisms underlying this effect have never been investigated. Objective: To assess whether modulation of spasticity induced by iTBS is underlined by functional reorganization of the primary motor cortices. Methods: A total of 17 patients with MS suffering from lower limbs spasticity were randomized to receive real iTBS or sham iTBS during the first half of a 5-week indoor rehabilitation programme. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale at baseline, after the stimulation session and at the end of the rehabilitation programme. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed at the three time points, and brain functional networks topology was analysed using graph-theoretical approach. Results: At the end of stimulation, improvement of spasticity was greater in real iTBS group than in sham iTBS group ( p = 0.026). iTBS had a significant effect on the balance of the connectivity degree between the stimulated and the homologous primary motor cortex ( p = 0.005). Changes in inter-hemispheric balance were correlated with improvement of spasticity (rho = 0.56, p = 0.015). Conclusion: This longitudinal resting-state fMRI study evidences that functional reorganization of the primary motor cortices may underlie the effect of iTBS on spasticity in MS.
Prediction of convective heat transfer coefficients for the upper respiratory tracts of rat, dog, monkey, and humans
Authors: Ito Kazuhide , Mitsumune Koki , Kuga Kazuki , Phuong Nguyen L , Tani Kenji , Inthavong Kiao 
Published: August 2016

In vivo studies involving mammal surrogate models for toxicology studies have restrictions related to animal protection and ethics. Computer models, i.e., in silico models, have great potential to contribute towards essential understanding of heat and mass transfer phenomena in respiratory tracts in place of in vivo and in vitro studies. Here, we developed numerical upper airway models of a rat, a dog, a monkey, and two humans by using computed tomography data and then applied computational fluid dynamics analysis. Convective heat transfer coefficients were precisely analysed as a function of breathing airflow rate. Based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation results, the correlations between Nusselt ( Nu) number and the product of the Reynolds ( Re) and Prandtl ( Pr) numbers were summarized. The heat transfer efficiency (order of hc and correlation of Nu and RePr) in the upper airway of the dog seems to match those of the human models. On the other hand, the results for the rat and monkey showed clear differences compared with those of human models. The identified fundamental qualities of convective heat transfer phenomena in airways for rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans, have enabled discussions about quantitative differences of heat and mass transfer efficiency between different animals/species.
A multicentre survey of the condition of ultrasound probes
Authors: Dudley Nicholas J , Woolley Darren J 
Published: August 2016

Background The implementation of quality assurance for ultrasound scanners in the United Kingdom is patchy, but government appointed bodies require quality assurance and there are regulatory requirements for maintenance and inspection of equipment. Previous studies have shown high fault rates in ultrasound probes; some of these studies used electronic probe testers, but there is good evidence that over 90% of faults may be detected using simple methods. We aimed to conduct a multicentre survey of the condition of probes, using visual inspection and assessing the in-air reverberation. Methods Visitors to the stand run by Multi-Medix Ltd at the BMUS Annual Scientific Meeting in 2014 were invited to participate in the study. One or both of the authors visited participants, performing a visual inspection of probes for evidence of damage or wear and inspecting the in-air reverberation pattern for uniformity. Probes were classified using a risk-based traffic light system: green—no fault found; amber—fault found; further action required but the probe need not be removed from use; red—the probe should be removed from use due to physical or clinical diagnostic risks. Results Twelve sites and 219 probes were included in the survey. Sixty-three percent of probes were classified as green; 25% as amber and 13% as red. Conclusion More than one in three probes were faulty. Simple tests, at minimal cost, have the potential to demonstrate over 90% of probe faults, making it possible for employers to comply with their duties defined by regulations, national standards and professional guidelines.
Using low-cost Android tablets and instructional videos to teach clinical skills to medical students in Kenya: a prospective study
Authors: O’Donovan James , Ahn Roy , Nelson Brett D , Kagan Calvin , Burke Thomas F 
Published: August 2016

Objectives To assess the feasibility and impact of using a low-cost Android tablet to deliver clinical skills training to third-year medical students in Kenya. Design A prospective study using a low cost tablet called ‘connecTAB’, which was designed and manufactured specifically for areas with low bandwidth. Instructional video tutorials demonstrating techniques of cardiovascular and abdominal clinical examinations were pre-loaded onto the tablet. Setting Maseno University School of Medicine, Western Kenya. Participants Fifty-one third-year medical students from Maseno University School of Medicine were subjects in the study. Twenty-five students were assigned to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. Main outcome measures At the start of the study, students from both groups completed an Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) of the cardiovascular and abdominal evaluations. Students who were allocated to the intervention group then received the connecTAB, whereas students in the control group did not. After a period of three weeks, students from both groups completed a post-study OSCE for both the cardiovascular and abdominal evaluations. Results There were significantly higher improvements in the scores for both cardiovascular and abdominal examinations ( p < 0.001) within the group who received the e-tablets as compared to the control group. Conclusion The study suggests that access to connecTAB improves clinical education and efficacy and holds promise for international training in both medical and allied healthcare professional spheres in resource-limited settings.
Takayasu’s arteritis in an adult female from Cameroon: diagnosis via Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Aminde Leopold N , Noubiap Jean Jacques N , Takah Noah , Njim Tsi , Dzudie Anastase 
Published: August 2016

Lesson Takayasu arteritis is rare in black people. Doppler echocardiography may assist in its diagnosis with good response to steroids.