bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple entry points to the arts and culture of China
Authors: Kan Koon Hwee 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Two ostensibly unrelated journeys are recounted with photocollage and essay in two voices (italics and roman). In one, the author rambled along as a child, acquiring an education in Singapore while exposed to the cultural forces that shaped her educational values and beliefs. She ultimately transformed them into the curriculum design for a new course culminating in a travel-study to China. In the other, she accompanied several US college students on an intellectual and creative trek to explore how art-centred learning can actualize experiential education in travel-study. The co-constructed learning experience was reciprocal and facilitated the author’s personal, cultural and professional identity quest.
Beautiful uncertainty: The art of breaking and making
Authors: Squier Joseph 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Falling into art-making by accident introduced me to an image-world of symbol, metaphor and meaning. As a practising artist, I have been able to explore openended possibilities, and discover the deep beauty of ambiguity and the unknown. As a teacher of mostly non-art majors, I have been given the opportunity to share this fragment of my autobiography, and have discovered a diverse audience of students hungry for complex and nuanced challenges that develop their abilities to see, feel and intuit. My classroom acknowledges and explicitly values these fundamental human qualities, and for many students offers an antidote to an education that otherwise appears to value only quantification and instrumentality.
Teaching artfully: On encountering the unknown in higher education
Authors: Chemi Tatiana 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this contribution I address the challenges and rewards that are brought by teaching creatively in higher education. By looking auto-ethnographically at my own practice as educator at undergraduate and graduate programs in Denmark, I describe a number of creative educational tools: metaphor-building by means of artefacts, integrated use of visuals in lectures, and dramaturgical structure in educational design. My objective in teaching creatively is to inspire my students, who are educators-to-be or facilitators of educational processes and are used to problem-based-learning approaches (PBL), to (more) critical and original thinking. The aspiration of the present contribution is to disseminate my thoughts, reflections, experiences and engage in a conversation with a scholarly field, to whom academia is much more than logical-verbal transmission of knowledge.
Teaching the unknown to facilitate the emergence of a pedagogical event
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Fernando 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
I have organized this article into two parts. First, I present some of the main concepts that illustrate the praxis of my teaching and research. These are concepts that help me build my positionality in order to cope with the unknown and move through the disturbances of the pedagogical relations at the university. In the second part, to illustrate how these concepts are performed in a collaborative teaching and researching process, I present a case study developed with a group of undergraduate students in a course on arts-based research. Sharing and analysing some of these disturbances help me to review my teaching position, notions about learning, assessment strategies, relationship with the students, uncertainties that emerged from the practice and certainties that sometimes immobilize me in teaching activities.
Correlations Between the Gradient of Contrast Density, Evaluated by Cardio CT, and Functional Significance of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Orzan Marius , Jako Beata , Blendea Ciprian , Benedek Annabell , Bajka Balazs , Benedek Imre 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background: Assessment of the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis is a challenging task, being extremely important for the establishment of indication for revascularization in atherosclerotic coronary artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a new marker reflecting the functional significance of a coronary artery stenosis, represented by the attenuation degree of contrast density along the stenosis by Coronary CT.

Material and Method: We evaluated retrospectively 30 patients with angina and coronary luminal narrowing, who underwent 64-slice Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. We measured the stenosis degree, intraluminal contrast density (Hounsfield units [HU]) at two levels, proximal and distal to stenosis, and the attenuation gradient was calculated on this basis.

Results: The average contrast density was 77,96 UH proximal to the stenosis and 67,6 UH distal to the stenosis. The average transluminal gradient was 10,36. The average length of the coronary lesions was 16,93 mm. In those lesions with significant stenosis, expressed by >70% luminal narrowing, we recorded a significantly higher transluminal attenuation gradient as compared to those with <70% luminal narrowing (6.16 +/−3.7, 95%CI 4.3-80 vs 16.6 +/− 8.4, 95% CI 11.3 – 21.9). The degree of luminal narrowing significantly correlated with the contrast attenuation gradient (r=0.71, p<0.001).

Conclusions: The assessment of intraluminal contrast density by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography may represent a new noninvasive tool to obtain relevant information about the clinical significance of a coronary stenosis. Larger studies are requested to emphasize the benefits brought by CCTA in evaluating coronary lesions.
Plastid terminal oxidase acts as an alternative electron sink in a marine cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp.
Authors: Zhang Litao , Liu Jianguo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the marine cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. under high light, the electron transport activity of photosystem (PS) II was much higher than the activities of PSI and the whole chain, indicating the existence of an alternative electron sink in PSII. Under high light, the addition of n-propyl gallate (PG), an inhibitor of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), decreased photosynthetic electron transport significantly as compared with that under low light. A significant residual level of photosynthetic electron transport remained in the presence of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB) under high light. The extent of DBMIB insensitive electron transport was close to that of PG sensitive electron transport, suggesting that the PTOX acted as an alternative electron sink, accounting for 27% of total PSII electron transport in Arthrospira sp. cells under high light.
Development of ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods for determination of gadolinium in samples related to hospital waste water treatment
Authors: Bendakovská Lenka , Krejčová Anna , Černohorský Tomáš , Zelenková Jana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA suitable analytical method making possible the determination of Gd and other rare-earth elements in samples related to hospital waste water treatment was sought with regard to various aspects of the experiment aimed at monitoring the fate of Gd-based contrast agents in the aquatic environment. The discrepancies and pitfalls of the proposed methodology were considered, resulting in a functional experimental plan. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was used for the determination of Gd and other rare earth elements in river and hospital waste water and algae
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Brown Rice in China
Authors: Ye Lingxu , Zhou Sumei , Liu Liya , Liu Lei , Waters Daniel L. E. , Zhong Kui , Zhou Xianrong , Ma Xiaojun , Liu Xingxun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of brown rice are well known but the extent to which phenolics and antioxidant activity varies within rice (Oryza sativa) is not known. This study evaluated the natural variation of phenolic compounds in brown rice of the major cultivars currently grown in China. Free phenolics were extracted with chilled methanol, while bound phenolics were released and extracted by alkaline hydrolysis. There were significant differences in phenolic and flavonoid content between these cultivars and significant differences in bound and total phenolics between japonica and indica samples. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the major phenolic acids and existed in both free and bound forms, with the bound form of ferulic acid being a dominant phenolic compound in brown rice. Phenolic compounds were the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity of brown rice and bound phenolics contributed more than free phenolics as estimated using ABTS+ radical scavenging method. This study provides additional information on brown rice from japonica and indica subspecies and may assist in retaining or increasing phenolics and antioxidant activity in rice.
How sports clubs include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Jerlinder Kajsa 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Young people with disabilities participate in sports to a lesser extent than other adolescents. That physical activity has positive effects on young people are understood. Sports clubs are identified as potential environments for physical activity. The reasons why young people with disabilities participate to a lower extent in organized sport is complex and barriers can be deriving from many different levels. However, barriers have been studied more than what can facilitate participation in organized sport. Therefor the aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how sports clubs include children and adolescents with disabilities in their activities. The results of this systematic search are presented using the three research questions: What are the characteristics of the sports clubs that include young people with disabilities?; How are the young people with disabilities included in sports clubs’ activities?; and finally Why are young people with disabilities included in the sports activities?. A vision must be to go from adapting physical activity for disabled persons to adapting physical activity for all people, because the diversity of people’s reasons for doing sports, their differing backgrounds and their uniqueness all demand it. This will result in more people doing sports for longer in life.
Historische Prozesse sozialer Mobilisierung / Historical Processes of Social Mobilization
Authors: Peter Flora 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The processes of social mobilization in which particularistic-parochial roles and collectivities are broken up have a crucial importance for societal modernization. This paper analyzes two elementary and long-term processes of social mobilization: urbanization and literacy development in 94 countries between 1850 and 1965 using quantitative aggregative data. It is shown that the relationship between the two processes of mobilization has changed radically in the course of history: while the ‘old’ nations were characterized by a gradual development of literacy of a mainly rural population, the characteristic of the ‘new’ nations is an accelerated urbanization of a largely illiterate population. This development leads to rising pressures on the political system of the ‘new’ nations without commensurately enlarging their capacities. It results in an increase of collective violence and political instability. The problems of controlling the mobilization and of institutionalizing political participation, therefore, becomes a focus of interest.
Erfahrungsstruktur und Konflikt bei stationären Patienten / Patterns of Experience and Conflict of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Siegrist Johannes 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It is still the prevailing view that the patient in the hospital shows a tendency towards regressive and infantile reactions. The author - using a sociology of knowledge approach - attempts to demonstrate that there exist however multiple differentiated patterns of awareness and behavior caused by the cognitive disorganization of the hospitalized individual: increased loss of self-control, heightened sensitivity, need for relevant informations, as well as egocentric perception.
Interactions with medical personal contain built-in conflict since the accomodation between the patient’s modified attern of expection and the hospital routines is problematic. Systematic observations and interviews of patients in medical hospital illustrate and confirm these hypotheses.
Zur Kritik der empiristischen Forschungspraxis / Criticism of Empirist Research Practice
Authors: Münch Richard 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Starting from falsificationism, as developed by critical rationalists as POPPER, FEYERABEND and LAKATOS, the criticism of this study is directed against the empirist research practice, that is going to dominate empirical research methods of the social sciences. This research practice minimizes the growth of our knowledge concerning our human and societal problems in favour of mere exactness and certainty. Falsificationism succeeds in developing a model of test that shows the far distance between theories and its empirical basis. It is therefore necessary to construct a set of general and specified theories of observation, that is background-theories, which only permit such tests. Such a methodological approach shows that there is not any longer consistency or contradiction between a basic statement and a theory, but only between scrutinized theories and the concerning theories of observation. Thus appears the challenging problem concerning the criterions of acceptability of theories, for we do not know apriori which of the contradictory theories has to be dropped out. This problem can only be solved by the principle of progressive change according to which we not only accept or rule out single theories but series of such theories in so far as such a proceeding implies a progressive change, e.g. growth in truth-content and minimization in falsity-content.
„Bürokratische“ oder „Kader“-Verwaltung? / „Bureaucratic“ or „Cadres’“-Administration?
Authors: Balla Bálint 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present paper is a summing-up of a more extensive work on the ideal type of ‚bureaucracy‘ of Soviet and ‚people’s democratic‘ provenience, and on the necessary conceptual delineation of that ideal type from the conventional notion of bureaucracy. - There are three dimensions relevant to the activities of any administrative organization - viz., one that comprises all the problems and performances relating to ‚humanization‘, and two others connected in the same way with ‚power‘ and ‚techniques‘, respectively. In a similar pattern there also do exist three organizational models, each one corresponding to one of those dimensions, and all in common having been decisive in shaping the manifest type of cadres’ administration: this administration has its roots in efforts to combine the MARXIAN concept of a universal and humanized administration with LENIN’S notion that administration is to be viewed as a transmitting agency (thus bringing ,power‘ into the picture); cadres’ administration, based on those two totality-aspiring conceptions, consequently represents the opposite of bureaucratic administration in the conventional sense (meaning an organization that is founded on the principles of particularism and of ,pure techniques‘).
Supplementing the theoretical and socio-historical analysis of the subject, there is a presentation of empirical materials, in which the differentiation outlined above is reflected.
Anthropologische Voraussetzungen einer Theorie der Sozialisation / Anthropological Foundations of a Theory of Socialization
Authors: Claessens Dieter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Anthropology today consists of statements about the evolution of the mammals resulting in man; it could provide the counterpoint to mans plasticity (GEHLEN) and implies the assumption that man is not capable of unlimited educational moulding.
The subsistence of life in general requires a complementary and affine environment. With the evolution of (bi- parental) care of young, the development of „existing“ - that is, biologically possible - dispositions and competences becomes more highly contingent; personality development in each individual depends on the timeley offer of appropriate external stimuli for the inner mechanisms.
COUNT’s concept of the biogram points the correspondence between the constitution of an organism (as a product of its evolution) and its behavior. However, his emphasis on the continuity of evolutionary prerequisites of human culture with the tendencies of mammal and primate evolution fails to grasp the particular complexity of the human biogram. The realization of man’s social, sexual and linguistic competence entangles him necessarily in cultural and social networks, thus the extent to which such competences exist even as possibilities depends on the opportunities for such participation. Precondition for their realization is the isolation from selective pressures through the group (H. MILLER). This relieves the individual from specialization towards the environment and at the same time requires that he specializes in aiding the survival of the group as such. The (social and sexual) tendencies which lead to building a group are thereafter modified by the genesis of principally new social relationships and new real needs. Constitutive for the specifically human development is „work“, which may be defined as the consequence of intending or wanting something which one cannot do alone. Language is a necessary product and prerequisite of planned (not merely ad hoc) work. This may be seen as the threshold which defines the evolving species as „man“.
If human nature is then the necessity incessantly to come to terms with the consequences of realizing competence, it has in historical fact developed as inequality of adaptive pressure within the society and towards the environment. It is thus not possible to speak of a general human social, sexual or linguistics competence, as the lack of developmental opportunity deforms or destroys the competence. The anthropological concept of competence must therefore be historically specified. Socialization theory must begin by analyzing the (social) sources of impediments to the development and the realization of competence before it can describe abstractly the conditions for the chance of realization.
Die statistische Natur der Grundgesetze der Gesellschaft / On the Statistical nature of the fundamental laws of society
Authors: Krajewski Wladyslaw 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There are two different kinds of statistical laws, viz,(i) statistical laws in a narrower sense, directly determining probabilities (e.g., statistical distributions), and (ii) statistical laws in a wider sense, occurring in the form of unequivocal laws, descriptive, however, not of certain, but of probable events, and realized not in every individual case but, with a hig probability, in a huge multitude of events. DARWIN’S law of natural selection states that in the struggle for existence those individuals are likely to survive that are equipped with the more advantageous characteristics. That, however, is not a certainty but a probability, and it is the more probable, the greater the advantage in question. Thus, DARWIN’S law is a statistical law in a wider sense. In a analogous fashion, we interpret the MARXian law, according to which social consciousness is determined by social reality. It is the intellectuals who will create diverse kinds of social and philosophical ideas, ethical systems, and political programmes.
Of the latter creations, those are likely to „stay alive“ that in some way or other meet the interests of some social class or grouping. The better these ideas are matched to class interests, the greater their chances of survival and success will be, whilst ideas lacking in this quality will tend to die out.
Gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und politisches Verhalten / Social value orientations and political behavior
Authors: Pappi Franz Urban , Laumann Edward O. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Social value orientations are introduced as a central set of variables for theories of voting behavior. Voting behavior is used as an example for a class of models which can demonstrate the linkage between social structure and individual behavior. Social value orientations are analytically defined and examined in relationship with related and complementary concepts like interests. Theoretically based on the AGIL paradigm, a comprehensive sample of indicators of social values is drawn from appropriate attitude scales. The structure of value orientations is empirically delineated by a multidimensional scaling procedure using the correlations between the indicators as input. Knowing this structure it is possible to construct a parsimonious set of eight scales of value orientations. Canonical correlations and discriminant analysis are the procedures used to relate this set with social structural antecedents and political attitudes and behavior as presumed consequences. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Jülich community study.
Einführende Bemerkungen zu einer Theorie symbolisch generalisierter Kommunikationsmedien / Introductory remarks towards a theory of symbolically generalized media of communication
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In addition to and in connection with analyses from both systems theory and evolution theory, the theory of society needs a third footing, viz, a theory of symbolically generalized media of communication. The present paper attempts to sketch a number of starting points from which to construct a theory of this kind. Its fundamental problem is to be found in the transmission of accomplished selective effects. This problem may be solved by way of a binary coding of specific preferences. Transmission is not problematical, except in particular situations, for which special codes of very different kinds have been elaborated. Truth, love, property/money, and power/law are the main meaning structures in relation to which codes have been formed that are proven evolutionary successful. These codes are compared to one another with respect to such general properties as their symbolical structures, their environmental relationships, and the conditions for increasing their efficiency.
Sozialarbeit als System – Die Entwicklung des Systembegriffs durch N. Luhmann im Hinblick auf eine Funktionsbestimmung sozialer Arbeit / A systematic attempt in social welfare work – On the theory of “system” and “evolution” of N. Luhmann with special regard to the definition of functions of social work
Authors: Harney Klaus 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The essay in hand is an attempt to make use of systematic theoretical categories in order to describe the function of a defined professional field, social welfare work. On the basis of LUHMANN’S systematology, the definition and explanation of which is the subject of the first part of the essay, the functions of social work are analysed under the aspect of accomplishing the complexity between service-system and client-system, which is brought by way of social technology.
To make evident the special significance of the theoretical disposition in this essay, it is based on a standardization, definition, and valuation of those functional definitions of social welfare work that are presently acknowledged.