bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding food vulnerability and health literacy in older bereaved men: A qualitative study
Authors: Thompson Jill , Tod Angela , Bissell Paul , Bond Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundOlder people are sometimes challenged in maintaining a healthy diet but, because of age and disadvantage, are also more vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of poor nutrition. It has been claimed that older adults have low levels of health literacy regarding food and struggle to discern which foods are healthy from the vast range available in developed counties. However, nutrition and eating behaviour are modifiable risk factors for health in old age and health benefits can accrue from promoting healthy eating later in life. In order to achieve these health benefits, it is necessary to understand more about the capabilities and vulnerabilities of older people in terms of acquiring and maintaining a healthy diet.ObjectiveTo understand the potential for issues around food vulnerability to arise in that group and to characterize that vulnerability, if present.DesignNarrative interviews were conducted to collect the data. An interpretative thematic approach to analysis was utilized.ParticipantsTwenty older, bereaved men from two communities in the North of England.FindingsFive overarching themes were identified: financial security, social networks, cooking skills, food and routine and single servings.DiscussionOur findings suggest that some older men experience cumulative benefit from resources at their disposal, which contributes towards their capabilities to avoid food vulnerability.
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs): ultrastructural analysis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit mRNA expression in offspring subjected to protein restriction throughout pregnancy
Authors: Castro Paula Aiello Tomé de Souza , Faccioni Ludimila Canuto , Boer Patrícia Aline , Carvalho Robson Francisco , Matheus Selma Maria Michelin , Dal‐Pai‐Silva Maeli 
Published: May 2017

SummaryProtein restriction during gestation can alter the skeletal muscle phenotype of offspring; however, little is known with regard to whether this also affects the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as muscle phenotype maintenance depends upon NMJ functional integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a low protein (6%) intake by dams throughout gestation on male offspring NMJ morphology and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α1, γ and ε subunit expression in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Four groups of male Wistar offspring rats were studied. The offspring of dams fed low‐protein (6% protein, LP) and normal protein (17% protein, NP) diets were evaluated at 30 and 120 days of age, and the SOL and EDL muscles were collected for analysis. Morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy revealed that only SOL NMJs were affected in 30‐day‐old offspring in the LP group compared with the NP group. SOL NMJs exhibited fewer synaptic folds, the postsynaptic membranes were smooth and myelin figures were also frequently observed in the terminal axons. With regard to the expression of mRNAs encoding nAChR subunits, only 30‐day‐old LP offspring EDL muscles exhibited reduced α, γ and ε subunit expression compared with the NP group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a low‐protein diet (6%) imposed throughout pregnancy impairs the expression of mRNAs encoding the nAChR α, γ and ε subunits in EDL NMJs and promotes morphological changes in SOL NMJs of 30‐day‐old offspring, indicating specific differences among muscle types following long‐term maternal protein restriction.
Au/CeO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation
Authors: Gong Ming , Zhang Jian , Luo Jing‐Li , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAu/CeO2 hollow nanospheres were successfully synthesized by template method. Carbon spheres (CSs) were employed as the sacrificial templates, which were fabricated by hydrothermal method, and the shell of CeO2 precursor was formed on the surface of CSs through layer‐by‐layer self‐assembled approach. Then, Au nanoparticles were deposited on the shell. Finally, the templates were removed by calcination and Au/CeO2 hollow spheres with hierarchically porous structure were obtained. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, TG‐DSC, and BET analysis. The diameters and thickness of the nanospheres were about 250 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Samples with different loading amounts of Au were prepared and noted as L‐Au/CeO2, M‐Au/CeO2, and H‐Au/CeO2, corresponding to the Au weight percentages of 1.8%, 4.2%, and 9.3%. The specific surface area of L‐Au/CeO2 could reach 87.1 m2/g, higher than that of M‐Au/CeO2 (77.8 m2/g), while M‐Au/CeO2 showed the best catalytic activity that CO could be completely converted to CO2 at 81°C. The CeO2, L‐Au/CeO2, and M‐Au/CeO2 hollow nanospheres showed excellent catalytic stability. Moreover, this method can be easily extended to the synthesis of other metal oxide hollow nanospheres compounded with Au nanoparticles.
Experiences and views of married women about domestic violence
Authors: Turk Rukiye , Celik Sevilay Senol , Çetin Merve , Soydan Gamze 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the experiences and views of married women about the topic of domestic violence.MethodsThis research was planned as a mixed methods study with an in‐depth interview and descriptive approach. The study was conducted between November 2011 and December 2012 with 24 married women living in Ankara, Turkey. Two main data‐collection tools were used in the study: the “Personal Information Form” and the “In‐depth Interview Questionnaire.” Data of this study were evaluated by content analysis.ResultsA majority of the participants (83.3%) stated that they had been exposed to domestic violence that had been committed primarily by their husbands. The actual reasons for the violence were reported to be such factors as “financial problems and lack of education and love and respect between the couples.” It was determined that as the victims became more desperate, they turned to reading of the Koran, prayer, and smoking.ConclusionDomestic violence adversely affects the physical and mental health of individuals, families, and the entire community. Therefore, it will take a community effort to address the causes of domestic violence and to create viable solutions that will improve the health of everyone.
Receipt and use of spoken and written over-the-counter medicine information: insights into Australian and UK consumers’ experiences
Authors: Tong Vivien , Raynor David K , Aslani Parisa 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To explore Australian and UK consumers’ receipt and use of spoken and written medicine information and examine the role of leaflets for consumers of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 Australian and 39 UK consumers to explore information received with their most recent OTC medicine purchase, and how information was used at different times post-purchase. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Key findings
Similarities were evident between the key themes identified from Australian and UK consumers’ experiences. Consumers infrequently sought spoken information and reported that pharmacy staff provided minimal spoken information for OTC medicines. Leaflets were not always received or wanted and had a less salient role as an information source for repeat OTC purchases. Consumers tended not to read OTC labels or leaflets. Product familiarity led to consumers tending not to seek information on labels or leaflets. When labels were consulted, directions for use were commonly read. However, OTC medicine information in general was infrequently revisited.

Conclusions
As familiarity is not an infallible proxy for safe and effective medication use, strategies to promote the value and use of these OTC medicine information sources are important and needed. Minimal spoken information provision coupled with limited written information use may adversely impact medication safety in self-management.
Machine learning reveals a non‐canonical mode of peptide binding to MHC class II molecules
Authors: Andreatta Massimo , Jurtz Vanessa I. , Kaever Thomas , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern , Nielsen Morten 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMHC class II molecules play a fundamental role in the cellular immune system: they load short peptide fragments derived from extracellular proteins and present them on the cell surface. It is currently thought that the peptide binds lying more or less flat in the MHC groove, with a fixed distance of nine amino acids between the first and last residue in contact with the MHCII. While confirming that the great majority of peptides bind to the MHC using this canonical mode, we report evidence for an alternative, less common mode of interaction. A fraction of observed ligands were shown to have an unconventional spacing of the anchor residues that directly interact with the MHC, which could only be accommodated to the canonical MHC motif either by imposing a more stretched out peptide backbone (an 8mer core) or by the peptide bulging out of the MHC groove (a 10mer core). We estimated that on average 2% of peptides bind with a core deletion, and 0·45% with a core insertion, but the frequency of such non‐canonical cores was as high as 10% for certain MHCII molecules. A mutational analysis and experimental validation of a number of these anomalous ligands demonstrated that they could only fit to their MHC binding motif with a non‐canonical binding core of length different from nine. This previously undescribed mode of peptide binding to MHCII molecules gives a more complete picture of peptide presentation by MHCII and allows us to model more accurately this event.
Transition to motherhood in women with an infant with special care needs
Authors: Korukcu O. , Deliktaş A. , Kukulu K. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMothers of infants with special care needs experience multiple transitions, as their babies are diagnosed with congenital anomalies and hospitalized during their transition to motherhood.AimTo examine the transition to motherhood in mothers of infants with special care needs, under the guidance of Meleis's Theory of Transition.MethodsA descriptive qualitative approach was used. We followed a semi‐structured form prepared in accordance with Meleis's Theory of Transition's concepts. The sample of the study consisted of eight mothers of infants with congenital anomalies in a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey. Interview transcripts were analysed using the content analysis method.ResultsAfter the interviews, transition to motherhood was obtained in three themes: facilitating and inhibiting, nursing therapeutic and response patterns. It was determined that mothers who can breastfeed their baby and touch them have a better adaptation to the transition process. Mothers' touching and breastfeeding their infants were accepted as turning points in their transition process.ConclusionIt could be helpful for nurses to use Meleis's Theory of Transition in order understand the process of transition to motherhood for mothers of infants with special care needs.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study highlights a necessity to prepare an orientation programme for families who will have a baby with a congenital anomaly. Such a programme, developed with multidisciplinary approaches, may help mothers having a baby with a congenital abnormally to adapt to their babies' situation and need for post‐partum care.
Investigation of the sintering mechanisms of GDC pellets obtained by the compaction of nanostructured oxide microspheres
Authors: Caisso Marie , Boulesteix Rémy , Picart Sébastien , Maître Alexandre , Delahaye Thibaud , Ayral André 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe sintering behavior of green pellets obtained from nanostructured Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 submillimetric microspheres is studied in the present paper. Corresponding shrinkage rate curve shows a two‐step densification in dynamic conditions, with the presence of two successive extrema, at 1200 K and 1500 K. To fully understand this non‐common densification behavior, an iterative study was performed. Multiple characterizations point out multiscale organization of the matter with temperature giving rise to differential sintering stages of two different particle size classes. Concerning 1200 K‐first shrinkage rate maximum, it corresponds to the densification of nanometric aggregates of crystallites into submicrometric pre‐sintered aggregates, resulting in a specific porous microstructure with residual open porosity. As‐generated porosity combined with submicron size of pre‐sintered aggregates thus prevent from a homogeneous sintering illustrated by a single maximum shrinkage rate. Finally, the second maximum shrinkage rate at 1500 K can then be associated to optimal temperature for submicrometric particles sintering.
A systematic review of the evidence regarding cognitive therapy skills that assist cognitive behavioural therapy in adults who have an intellectual disability
Authors: Cooney Patricia , Tunney Conall , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is being increasingly adapted for use with people who have an intellectual disability. However, it remains unclear whether inherent cognitive deficits that are present in adults who have an intellectual disability preclude the use of cognitive‐based therapies. This review aims to systematically examine “cognitive therapy skills” in adults who have an intellectual disability that assist engagement in CBT.MethodTwo authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts of articles located through electronic database searching.ResultsOutcomes of the 18 studies selected for full‐text review are mixed and limited by a moderately high risk of bias.ConclusionsThe authors suggest eleven findings from research areas of emotion recognition, cognitive mediation, discriminating between thoughts, feelings and behaviours, linking events and emotions that have implications for the design of CBT programmes and future research for this population.
Prevalence and potential factors associated with overweight and obesity status in adults with intellectual developmental disorders
Authors: Ranjan Sobhana , Nasser Jennifer A. , Fisher Kathleen 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence of being overweight and obese is increasing not just in the general population but also in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Therefore, a need to identify factors contributing to overweight/obesity arises as this population is escalating.Materials and MethodsThis narrative review article summarizes pertinent research focusing on prevalence and the potential factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults with intellectual disability during the past decade.ResultsPrevalence of being overweight and obese among adults with intellectual disability is reportedly 28%‐71% and 17%‐43%, respectively. Factors increasing the susceptibility of being overweight or obese have been identified as female gender, increasing age, having a certain diagnosis, mild intellectual disability, as well as living independently/with family, consuming certain prescription medications, and non‐participation in physical activities.ConclusionIdentification of the potential risk factors associated with being overweight and obese in this population will help tackle the challenges faced by this growing adult population with intellectual disability.
Providing end‐of‐life care in disability community living services: An organizational capacity‐building model using a public health approach
Authors: Grindrod Andrea , Rumbold Bruce 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere is broad consensus within the disability field that the end‐of‐life care offered to people with intellectual disabilities should be of a quality consistent with that advocated by contemporary palliative care. In practice, however, various barriers are encountered when applying palliative care strategies to the end‐of‐life care of people with intellectual disabilities, particularly those in disability community living services.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was used. Quantitative data were gathered through a survey of disability support staff working in government‐managed community living services in the Australian state of Victoria.These quantitative data informed the collection of qualitative data through focus groups and research interviews. A public health palliative care framework provided the basis for developing an organizational change model from the consolidated data.ResultsThere is a strong relationship between organizational structure and culture, and both influence end‐of‐life practice in community living services.Barriers to good practice arise from the differing attitudes of paid carers involved, and from uncoordinated approaches reflecting misaligned service systems in the disability and palliative care fields. Organizational reorientation is crucial to achieving sustainable change that will support healthy dying.ConclusionsEnd‐of‐life care requires the collaboration of disability and palliative care services, but for care to achieve palliative care goals, the collaboration must be led by disability services. We outline here an organizational model we have developed from public health principles to manage end‐of‐life care in community living services.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 protects against renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial damage and proinflammatory signalling
Authors: Tan Xiao‐Hua , Zheng Xiao‐Meng , Yu Li‐Xia , He Jian , Zhu Hong‐Mei , Ge Xiu‐Ping , Ren Xiao‐Li , Ye Fa‐Qing , Bellusci Saverio , Xiao Jian , Li Xiao‐Kun , Zhang Jin‐San 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIschaemia‐reperfusion injury (I/RI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The molecular basis underlying I/RI‐induced renal pathogenesis and measures to prevent or reverse this pathologic process remains to be resolved. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is reported to have protective roles of myocardial infarction as well as in several other I/R related disorders. Herein we present evidence that FGF2 exhibits robust protective effect against renal histological and functional damages in a rat I/RI model. FGF2 treatment greatly alleviated I/R‐induced acute renal dysfunction and largely blunted I/R‐induced elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and also the number of TUNEL‐positive tubular cells in the kidney. Mechanistically, FGF2 substantially ameliorated renal I/RI by mitigating several mitochondria damaging parameters including pro‐apoptotic alteration of Bcl2/Bax expression, caspase‐3 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and KATP channel integrity. Of note, the protective effect of FGF2 was significantly compromised by the KATP channel blocker 5‐HD. Interestingly, I/RI alone resulted in mild activation of FGFR, whereas FGF2 treatment led to more robust receptor activation. More significantly, post‐I/RI administration of FGF2 also exhibited robust protection against I/RI by reducing cell apoptosis, inhibiting the release of damage‐associated molecular pattern molecule HMBG1 and activation of its downstream inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TNF α. Taken together, our data suggest that FGF2 offers effective protection against I/RI and improves animal survival by attenuating mitochondrial damage and HMGB1‐mediated inflammatory response. Therefore, FGF2 has the potential to be used for the prevention and treatment of I/RI‐induced AKI.
A noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis by BioFibroScore® in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Hong Chun‐Ming , Su Tung‐Hung , Yang Hung‐Chih , Chen Kuei‐Ming , Huang Yi‐Ping , Yeh Yu‐Ming , Tien Hui‐Lan , Liu Yuan‐Chih , Kao Jia‐Horng , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Chen Pei‐Jer 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsThe diagnostic accuracy of a novel serological panel (BioFibroScore®) to predict hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown.MethodsThree markers of BioFibroScore, including urokinase plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and beta‐2 microglobulin, were retrospectively evaluated in 635 HCV‐infected patients who received percutaneous liver biopsy and FibroScan®. The formula of BioFibroScore to predict the severity of hepatic fibrosis was developed by adaptive boosting algorithm. The diagnostic accuracy of hepatic fibrosis was assessed both for BioFibroScore and FibroScan, taking METAVIR fibrosis score as the reference standard.ResultsUrokinase plasminogen activator and beta‐2 microglobulin were positively and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 was negatively associated with the severity of hepatic fibrosis. Thirty‐five (5.5%) patients had failed FibroScan assessment. By adaptive boosting model for BioFibroScore and the established reference ranges for FibroScan, 85.7% and 89.0% of the patients had an identical result for F0‐1, F2, F3, and F4, as compared with liver biopsy. The concordance rate between BioFibroScore and FibroScan was 80.7%. BioFibroScore overestimated and underestimated the stage of hepatic fibrosis in 8.3% and 6.0% patients, and most patients had one stage error. Among patients with failed FibroScan assessment, 82.9% of them were correctly diagnosed by BioFibroScore. Bootstrap analysis for BioFibroScore showed the diagnostic accuracy was 80.9–88.4%.ConclusionsBioFibroScore is accurate to assess the stage of hepatic fibrosis in HCV‐infected patients. Applying this noninvasive test can substantially reduce the need for invasive liver biopsy and can play a role for fibrosis evaluation when FibroScan assessment was unavailable or unreliable.
Patients' help‐seeking experiences and delaying in breast cancer diagnosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Oshiro Mariko , Kamizato Midori 
Published: May 2017

AimTo identify the influencing factors in help‐seeking behavior by comparing delayers with non‐delayers in Japanese female patients with breast cancer.MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study. A total of 21 female patients with breast cancer (nine delayers and 12 non‐delayers) who were at least 3 months to 5 years postdiagnosis were recruited from two hospitals in Okinawa, Japan. Semistructured interviews were carried out and the results were analyzed by using a qualitative inductive approach.ResultsThe comparison between the delayers and non‐delayers showed eight barriers to help‐seeking behavior that were unique to the delayers: (i) the appearance of symptoms that cannot be definitely linked to breast cancer; (ii) anxiety and fear; (iii) the necessity to prioritize the immediate needs of daily life; (iv) non‐disclosure of the situation; (v) the view that medical care is a nuisance; (vi) a desire to surrender to the natural course of things; (vii) confidence that they would not develop cancer; and (viii) inaccessibility of medical facilities. A common trigger for help‐seeking that was identified in both the delayers and the non‐delayers was the presence of other persons who encouraged seeking a provider evaluation.ConclusionThe barriers to help‐seeking that were found in this study (namely, the emotional reaction and difficult living conditions) are common worldwide. The Japanese patients with breast cancer in the sample tended to emphasize their relationship with family and friends in their help‐seeking behavior, which is a common content in Japanese and other Asian cultures. Therefore, health professionals should assess the social conditions of their patients.