bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Weight‐shifting Exercise Combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Muscle Activity and Trunk Control in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Jung Kyoung‐Sim , Jung Jin‐Hwa , In Tae‐Sung , Cho Hwi‐Young 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of weight‐shifting exercise (WSE) combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), applied to the erector spinae and external oblique (EO) muscles, on muscle activity and trunk control in patients with hemiparetic stroke. Sixty patients with stroke were recruited to this study and randomly distributed into three treatment groups: (1) WSE + TENS, (2) WSE + placebo TENS, and (3) control.All participants underwent 30 sessions of training (30 minutes five times per week for 6 weeks) and received 1 hour of conventional physical therapy five times per week for 6 weeks. Muscle activity, maximum reaching distance and trunk impairment scale scores were assessed in all patients before and after the training. After training, the WSE + TENS group showed significant increase in the EO activity, maximum reaching distance and trunk impairment scale scores compared with the WSE + placebo TENS and control groups. These findings suggest that WSE with TENS applied to the erector spinae and EO muscles increased the trunk muscle activity and improved trunk control. Therefore, WSE with TENS could be a beneficial intervention in clinical settings for individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characteristics of photopolymerized benzophenone
Authors: Tang Yunhui , Zhang Yuxuan , Yang Jinliang , Nie Jun 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPhotopolymerization is extensively used in today's industrial field due to its advantages of rapid reaction, environmental friendly, energy saving and economical. Benzophenone is a most common photoinitiator (PI) using in photopolymerization because of its superior ability to initiate acrylate monomers. However, the intrinsic nature of initiator molecules is that they migrate out of polymer network, which limits its application, especially in the domain of food packaging materials. A polymerizable PI 4‐methylbenzophenone acrylate (MBPAc) was synthesized by a facile procedure and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS analyses. A systematic study of the photopolymerization kinetics of MBPAc was explored by the Real‐Time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The results show that the final conversion and photopolymerization rate of acrylate monomers are closely related to the factors of their chemical structure, viscosity, functionality and light intensity, which means MBPAc is an efficient PI. Ultraviolet‐visible Spectrophotometer and vitro cytotoxicity measurement results indicate that the noncytotoxic MBPAc shows significantly lower migration than its analogue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 313–320
A Computational Study of Density of Some High Energy Molecules
Authors: Moxnes John F. , Hansen Finn K. , Jensen Tomas L. , Sele Marta L. , Unneberg Erik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe detonation pressure depends quadratically on the loading density of the explosives. A precise estimate of the density is thus crucial to decide if a novel energetic material is worth pursuing. In this work we investigate theoretically the crystal densities of the energetic compounds RDX, TNT, NTO, DNAM, CL‐20, DADNE, and HMX. We calculate the crystal densities by using Materials Studio 7.0 Polymorph Predictor, employing force fields and exploring molecular packing arrangements with minima in total energy. Geometry optimized molecular structures computed by density functional theory (DFT) are used as input to the density predictions. In an additional DFT study we apply two functionals, B3LYP and M06 with the 6‐31G(d) and the 6‐31G(d,p) basis sets, and the program package GAUSSIAN09. In this part of the work crystal densities are calculated by using the molecular isosurface volume (defined by the volume within a surface with an electron density of 0.001 electrons per Bohr3) alone or combined with the variance of the electrostatic potential (ESP). The Polymorph Predictor seems to overestimate the densities, but the values are very dependent on the force field strength determined by charges assigned to atoms. In the GAUSSIAN09 DFT study the densities derived by using the M06 functional are in similar agreement with experimental data as what we experienced for the B3LYP results, although both functionals appear to give slightly lower densities than reported experimentally for the majority of the molecules. On average, the densities derived by the ESP method correlate equally well with measured values as the results obtained by the isosurface method.
Structural quality of unrefined models in protein docking
Authors: Anishchenko Ivan , Kundrotas Petras J. , Vakser Ilya A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTStructural characterization of protein‐protein interactions is essential for understanding life processes at the molecular level. However, only a fraction of protein interactions have experimentally resolved structures. Thus, reliable computational methods for structural modeling of protein interactions (protein docking) are important for generating such structures and understanding the principles of protein recognition. Template‐based docking techniques that utilize structural similarity between target protein‐protein interaction and cocrystallized protein‐protein complexes (templates) are gaining popularity due to generally higher reliability than that of the template‐free docking. However, the template‐based approach lacks explicit penalties for intermolecular penetration, as opposed to the typical free docking where such penalty is inherent due to the shape complementarity paradigm. Thus, template‐based docking models are commonly assumed to require special treatment to remove large structural penetrations. In this study, we compared clashes in the template‐based and free docking of the same proteins, with crystallographically determined and modeled structures. The results show that for the less accurate protein models, free docking produces fewer clashes than the template‐based approach. However, contrary to the common expectation, in acceptable and better quality docking models of unbound crystallographically determined proteins, the clashes in the template‐based docking are comparable to those in the free docking, due to the overall higher quality of the template‐based docking predictions. This suggests that the free docking refinement protocols can in principle be applied to the template‐based docking predictions as well. Proteins 2016; 85:39–45. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response to: “Comment on ‘The effect of confinement on the electronic energy and polarizability of a hydrogen molecular ion’”
Authors: Fernando da Silva J. , Ramos Silva F. , Drigo Filho E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this reply we clarify questions point out in the Comment on: “The Effect of Confinement on the Electronic Energy and Polarizability of a Hydrogen Molecular Ion” by J. F. da Silva, F. R. Silva and E. Drigo Filho, Int. J. Quantum Chem.2016, 116, 497–503 written by S. A. Cruz and H. Olivares‐Pilón. In particular, we show how we made the calculations of ground state energy from the confined hydrogen molecule ion for cavities of different volumes. The internuclear distances to the excited state 2pσu are also presented.
Building capacity in remote sensing for conservation: present and future challenges
Authors: Palumbo Ilaria , Rose Robert A. , Headley Rachel M. K. , Nackoney Janet , Vodacek Anthony , Wegmann Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRemote sensing (RS) has made significant contributions to conservation and ecology; however, direct use of RS‐based information for conservation decision making is currently very limited. In this paper, we discuss the reasons and challenges associated with using RS technology by conservationists and suggest how training in RS for conservationists can be improved. We present the results from a survey organized by the Conservation Remote Sensing Network to understand the RS expertise and training needs of various categories of professionals involved in conservation research and implementation. The results of the survey highlight the main gaps and priorities in the current RS data and technology among conservation practitioners from academia, institutions, NGOs and industry. We suggest training to be focused around conservation questions that can be addressed using RS‐derived information rather than training pure RS methods which are beyond the interest of conservation practitioners. We highlight the importance of developing essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) and how this can be achieved by increasing the RS capacity of the conservation community. Moreover, we suggest that open‐source software is adopted more widely in the training modules to facilitate access to RS data and products in developing countries, and that online platforms providing mapping tools should also be more widely distributed. We believe that improved RS capacity among conservation scientists will be essential to improve conservation efforts on the ground and will make the conservation community a key player in the definition of future RS‐based products that serve conservation and ecological needs.
Protein S Regulates Neural Stem Cell Quiescence and Neurogenesis
Authors: Zelentsova Katya , Talmi Ziv , Abboud-Jarrous Ghada , Sapir Tamar , Capucha Tal , Nassar Maria , Burstyn-Cohen Tal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeurons are continuously produced in brains of adult mammalian organisms throughout life—a process tightly regulated to ensure a balanced homeostasis. In the adult brain, quiescent Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) residing in distinct niches engage in proliferation, to self-renew and to give rise to differentiated neurons and astrocytes. The mechanisms governing the intricate regulation of NSC quiescence and neuronal differentiation are not completely understood. Here, we report the expression of Protein S (PROS1) in adult NSCs, and show that genetic ablation of Pros1 in neural progenitors increased hippocampal NSC proliferation by 47%. We show that PROS1 regulates the balance of NSC quiescence and proliferation, also affecting daughter cell fate. We identified the PROS1-dependent downregulation of Notch1 signaling to correlate with NSC exit from quiescence. Notch1 and Hes5 mRNA levels were rescued by reintroducing Pros1 into NCS or by supplementation with purified PROS1, suggesting the regulation of Notch pathway by PROS1. Although Pros1-ablated NSCs show multilineage differentiation, we observed a 36% decrease in neurogenesis, coupled with a similar increase in astrogenesis, suggesting PROS1 is instructive for neurogenesis, and plays a role in fate determination, also seen in aged mice. Rescue experiments indicate PROS1 is secreted by NSCs and functions by a NSC-endogenous mechanism. Our study identifies a duple role for PROS1 in stem-cell quiescence and as a pro-neurogenic factor, and highlights a unique segregation of increased stem cell proliferation from enhanced neuronal differentiation, providing important insight into the regulation and control of NSC quiescence and differentiation.
Spatial characteristics of extreme rainfall over China with hourly through 24-hour accumulation periods based on national-level hourly rain gauge data
Authors: Zheng Yongguang , Xue Ming , Li Bo , Chen Jiong , Tao Zuyu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHourly rainfall measurements of 1919 national-level meteorological stations from 1981 through 2012 are used to document, for the first time, the climatology of extreme rainfall in hourly through 24-h accumulation periods in China. Rainfall amounts for 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-h periods at each station are constructed through running accumulation from hourly rainfall data that have been screened by proper quality control procedures. For each station and for each accumulation period, the historical maximum is found, and the corresponding 50-year return values are estimated using generalized extreme value theory. Based on the percentiles of the two types of extreme rainfall values among all the stations, standard thresholds separating Grade I, Grade II and Grade III extreme rainfall are established, which roughly correspond to the 70th and 90th percentiles for each of the accumulation periods. The spatial characteristics of the two types of extreme rainfall are then examined for different accumulation periods. The spatial distributions of extreme rainfall in hourly through 6-h periods are more similar than those of 12- and 24-h periods. Grade III rainfall is mostly found over South China, the western Sichuan Basin, along the southern and eastern coastlines, and in the large river basins and plains. There are similar numbers of stations with Grade III extreme hourly rainfall north and south of 30°N, but the percentage increases to about 70% south of 30°N as the accumulation period increases to 24 hours, reflecting richer moisture and more prolonged rain events in southern China. Potential applications of the extreme rainfall climatology and classification standards are suggested at the end.
FkbN and Tcs7 are pathway-specific regulators of the FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces tsukubaensis L19
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Sheng , Luo Hong-Dou , Tao Yang , Wang Yue-Yue , Jiang Xin-Hang , Jiang Hui , Li Yong-Quan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
FK506 (tacrolimus), which is produced by many Streptomyces strains, is clinically used as an immunosuppressive agent and for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we identified that the FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster in an industrial FK506-producing strain Streptomyces tsukubaensis L19 is organized as eight transcription units. Two pathway-specific regulators, FkbN and Tcs7, involved in FK506 biosynthesis from S. tsukubaensis L19 were characterized in vivo and in vitro. FkbN activates the transcription of six transcription units in FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster, and Tcs7 activates the transcription of fkbN. In addition, the DNA-binding specificity of FkbN was determined. Finally, a high FK506-producing strain was constructed by overexpression of both fkbN and tcs7 in S. tsukubaensis L19, which improved FK506 production by 89 % compared to the parental strain.
Parent-Endorsed Sex Differences in Toddlers with and Without ASD: Utilizing the M-CHAT
Authors: Øien Roald A. , Hart Logan , Schjølberg Synnve , Wall Carla A. , Kim Elizabeth S. , Nordahl-Hansen Anders , Eisemann Martin R. , Chawarska Katarzyna , Volkmar Fred R. , Shic Frederick 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSex differences in typical development can provide context for understanding ASD. Baron-Cohen (Trends Cogn Sci 6(6):248–254, 2002) suggested ASD could be considered an extreme expression of normal male, compared to female, phenotypic profiles. In this paper, sex-specific M-CHAT scores from N = 53,728 18-month-old toddlers, including n = 185 (32 females) with ASD, were examined. Results suggest a nuanced view of the “extreme male brain theory of autism”. At an item level, almost every male versus female disadvantage in the broader population was consistent with M-CHAT vulnerabilities in ASD. However, controlling for total M-CHAT failures, this male disadvantage was more equivocal and many classically ASD-associated features were found more common in non-ASD. Within ASD, females showed relative strengths in joint attention, but impairments in imitation.
Calcium‐induced apoptosis of developing cerebellar granule neurons depends causally on NGFI‐B
Authors: Austdal Lars Peter Engeset , Mathisen Gro H. , Løberg Else Marit , Paulsen Ragnhild E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractImmediate early gene nerve growth factor‐induced clone B (NGFI‐B), a nuclear receptor important for differentiation and apoptosis, is expressed in mice and rat cerebellum from an early stage of postnatal development. Following apoptotic stimuli NGFI‐B translocates to mitochondria to initiate cell death processes. Controlled cell death is critical for correct cerebellar development. Immunohistochemical analysis of NGFI‐B in sections of mice cerebella showed NGFI‐B to be expressed in granule neurons in vivo at a time (P8‐11) when apoptosis is known to occur. The importance of NGFI‐B for apoptosis of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons was investigated by inducing apoptosis with calcium ionophore A23187 (CaI, 0.1 μM). Imaging studies of gfp‐tagged NGFI‐B confirmed that mitochondrial translocation of NGFI‐B occurred following treatment with CaI and was reduced by addition of 9‐cis‐retinoic acid (1 μM), a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist that prevents dimerization of RXR and NGFI‐B that is known to occur before translocation. Consequently, 9‐cis‐retinoic acid partly reduced cell death. To address the causality of NGFI‐B in apoptosis further, knock‐down by siRNA was performed and it removed 85% of the NGFI‐B protein. This resulted in a complete inhibition of apoptosis after CaI exposure. Together these findings suggest that NGFI‐B plays a role in controlling correct cerebellar development.
El papel de la rehabilitación tras las reparaciones de las inestabilidades de muñeca
Authors: Lerma E. , Baixauli V. , Selma F. , García F. 
Published: October 2016

De las patologías de muñeca más frecuentes en la consulta del cirujano de la mano, las inestabilidades carpianas ocupan un lugar importante junto con el dolor en la vertiente ulnocarpiana cuya causa más frecuente son las lesiones del complejo fibrocartílago triangular, que en ocasiones van a condicionar una inestabilidad de la articulación radiocubital distal. Analizando los datos anatómicos y biomecánicos que diponemos de la muñeca y tomando como punto de partida los escasos protocolos rehabilitadores de las inestabilidades escafolunares y lunopiramidales que existen en la bibliografía, se exponen los programas rehabilitadores específicos para cada una de ellas. Se describen también los protocolos existentes para la rehabilitación tras las reparaciones del complejo fibrocartílago triangular y exponemos los protocolos con los que trabajamos en la actualidad.Definimos también la importancia de la reeducación propioceptiva en este tipo de lesiones y describimos un programa detallado de introducción progresiva de determinados ejercicios encaminados a ello.
Low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids ameliorates proteinuria in 3/4 nephrectomised rats by directly inhibiting the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system
Authors: Zhang Jia-ying , Yin Ying , Ni Li , Long Quan , You Li , Zhang Qian , Lin Shan-yan , Chen Jing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow-protein diet plus ketoacids (LPD+KA) has been reported to decrease proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, the mechanisms have not been clarified. As over-activation of intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to play a key role in the progression of CKD, the current study was performed to investigate the direct effects of LPD+KA on intrarenal RAS, independently of renal haemodynamics. In this study, 3/4 subtotal renal ablated rats were fed 18 % normal-protein diet (Nx-NPD), 6 % low-protein diet (Nx-LPD) or 5 % low-protein diet plus 1 % ketoacids (Nx-LPD+KA) for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats fed NPD served as controls. The level of proteinuria and expression of renin, angiotensin II (AngII) and its type 1 receptors (AT1R) in the renal cortex were markedly higher in Nx-NPD group than in the sham group. LPD+KA significantly decreased the proteinuria and inhibited intrarenal RAS activation. To exclude renal haemodynamic impact on intrarenal RAS, the serum samples derived from the different groups were added to the culture medium of mesangial cells. It showed that the serum from Nx-NPD directly induced higher expression of AngII, AT1R, fibronectin and transforming growth factor-β1 in the mesangial cells than in the control group. Nx-LPD+KA serum significantly inhibited these abnormalities. Then, proteomics and biochemical detection suggested that the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of LPD+KA might be amelioration of the nutritional metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. In conclusion, LPD+KA could directly inhibit the intrarenal RAS activation, independently of renal haemodynamics, thus attenuating the proteinuria in CKD rats.
“Why would I want to go out?”: Age-related Vision Loss and Social Participation
Authors: Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Gold Deborah , McGrath Colleen , Zuvela Biljana , Spafford Marlee M. , Renwick Rebecca 
Published: October 2016

RÉSUMÉLa participation sociale, un élément déterminant du vieillissement en santé, est souvent liée négativement par une perte de vision à l’âge (PVA). Cette étude de théorie ancrée visait à comprendre la participation sociale comme un processus négocié dans la vie quotidienne par les adultes âgés souffrant de PVA. Les entrevues, les agendas audio et les cartes de la vie-espace ont servi à recueillir des données avec 21 aînés dans deux villes de l’Ontario. Les données, qui ont été analysées par induction, ont indiqué un modèle transactionnel du processus de négocier la participation sociale dans le contexte. Ce modèle illustre comment les caractéristiques et les ressources de l’environnement, les compétences et les habiletés, et les risques et les vulnérabilités interagissent avec les valeurs et les priorités d’affecter si et comment la participation sociale s’est produite dans le cadre de la vie quotidienne. Les conclusions soulignent plusieurs façons dont la recherche et les services s’adressant à la participation sociale des personnes âgées qui donnent signe de souffrir de la PVA ont besoin de développer, en particulier en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques de l’environnement et les ressources, le risque, et la priorisation de l’indépendance.
The Elephant in the Sales Room: Ivory and the British Antiques Trade
Authors: Cox Caroline 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:In March 2015, it was reported that His Royal Highness, the Duke of Cambridge would “like to see all the ivory owned by Buckingham Palace destroyed.” In May 2015, the Conservative Party’s manifesto stated that if elected the party would “press for a total ban on ivory sales,” and policy decisions made as part of President Obama’s National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking saw “all commercial imports of African elephant ivory, including antiques” being prohibited.1 In a changing international environment, the United Kingdom’s antique trade faces a threat to the legitimate sale of pre-1947 worked ivory without the extent of any illegal trade being clear. With only 15 convictions since 1992 for offences relating to the trade in ivory in the English courts, this article examines the two most recent cases, which came to court in 2014.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Provenance: A Response to Chippindale and Gill
Authors: Marlowe Elizabeth 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:In an influential article published in 2000, David Gill and Christopher Chippindale devised a scale to assess the quality of the provenance information provided for the antiquities displayed in seven recent high-profile exhibitions or collections. This article critically reviews Chippindale and Gill’s provenance scale, arguing that the values it encodes legitimize some of the more intellectually harmful practices of dealers and curators. The scale also fails to differentiate between more intellectually responsible methods of hypothesizing provenance and those that merely generate houses of cards. An alternative model for assessing how antiquities are discussed in museum scholarship, focusing on epistemological precision and reflexivity, is offered.