bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy for penile cancer: a comparison between 1‐ and 2‐day protocols
Authors: Dimopoulos Panagiotis , Christopoulos Panagiotis , Shilito Sam , Gall Zara , Murby Brian , Ashworth David , Taylor Ben , Carrington Bernadette , Shanks Jonathan , Clarke Noel , Ramani Vijay , Parr Nigel , Lau Maurice , Sangar Vijay 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the outcome of clinically negative node (cN0) patients with penile cancer undergoing dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB), comparing the results of a 1‐ and 2‐day protocol that can be used as a minimal invasive procedure for staging of penile cancer.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 151 cN0 patients who underwent DSNB from 2008 to 2013 for newly diagnosed penile cancer. Data were analysed per groin and separated into groups according to the protocol followed. The comparison of the two protocols involved the number of nodes excised, γ‐counts, false‐negative rates (FNR), and complication rates (Clavien–Dindo grading system).ResultsIn all, 280 groins from 151 patients underwent DSNB after a negative ultrasound ± fine‐needle aspiration cytology. The 1‐day protocol was performed in 65 groins and the 2‐day protocol in 215. Statistically significantly more nodes were harvested with the 1‐day protocol (1.92/groin) compared with the 2‐day protocol (1.60/groin). The FNRs were 0%, 6.8% and 5.1%, for the 1‐day protocol, 2‐day protocol, and overall, respectively. Morbidity of the DSNB was 21.4% for all groins, and 26.2% and 20.1% for the 1‐day and 2‐day protocols, respectively. Most of the complications were of Clavien–Dindo Grade 1–2.ConclusionsDSNB is safe for staging patients with penile cancer. There is a trend towards a 1‐day protocol having a lower FNR than a 2‐day protocol, albeit at the expense of a slightly higher complication rate.
Perceptions of family‐centred services in a paediatric rehabilitation programme: strengths and complexities from multiple stakeholders
Authors: Arcuri G. G. , McMullan A. E. , Murray A. E. , Silver L. K. , Bergthorson M. , Dahan‐Oliel N. , Coutinho F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred services (FCS) are best practice in paediatric rehabilitation and describe philosophies and approaches to medical care that emphasize the partnership and involvement of parents. While evidence supports FCS, there are complexities to its successful implementation. This mixed‐methods study aimed to measure the extent to which parents and the healthcare provider (HCP) perceive service provision as being family centred, and to describe barriers and facilitators to the delivery of FCS.MethodsParents of children participating in a rehabilitation programme and HCPs providing services participated in this study. Parents completed the measure of processes of care‐20 and participated in interviews, while HCPs completed the measure of processes of care–service providers and participated in a focus group.ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed that parents were mostly satisfied with features of FCS, which included communication and support between parents and HCPs, respect of diversity and parental collaboration and participation. Parents identified communication methods and psychosocial needs as areas that facilitated but sometimes detracted from FCS. Institutional barriers led to the identification of areas for improvement identified by multiple stakeholders. HCPs identified more areas for improvement than parents.ConclusionWhen considering these barriers, it is evident that implementation is a complex process, impacted by institutional barriers. FCS needs to be investigated further, and systemic interventions should be used to facilitate its implementation.
Extended B cell phenotype in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mensah F , Bansal A , Berkovitz S , Sharma A , Reddy V , Leandro M J , Cambridge G 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a heterogeneous condition of unknown aetiology characterized by multiple symptoms including fatigue, post-exertional malaise and cognitive impairment, lasting for at least 6 months. Recently, two clinical trials of B cell depletion therapy with rituximab (anti-CD20) reported convincing improvement in symptoms. A possible but undefined role for B cells has therefore been proposed. Studies of the relative percentages of B cell subsets in patients with ME/CFS have not revealed any reproducible differences from healthy controls (HC). In order to explore whether more subtle alterations in B cell subsets related to B cell differentiation exist in ME/CFS patients we used flow cytometry to immunophenotype CD19+ B cells. The panel utilized immunoglobulin (Ig)D, CD27 and CD38 (classical B cell subsets) together with additional markers. A total of 38 patients fulfilling Canadian, Centre for Disease Control and Fukuda ME/CFS criteria and 32 age- and sex-matched HC were included. We found no difference in percentages of classical subsets between ME/CFS patients and HC. However, we observed an increase in frequency (P &lt; 0·01) and expression (MFI; P = 0·03) of CD24 on total B cells, confined to IgD+ subsets. Within memory subsets, a higher frequency of CD21+CD38– B cells (&gt;20%) was associated with the presence of ME/CFS [odds ratio: 3·47 (1·15–10·46); P = 0·03] compared with HC, and there was a negative correlation with disease duration. In conclusion, we identified possible changes in B cell phenotype in patients with ME/CFS. These may reflect altered B cell function and, if confirmed in other patient cohorts, could provide a platform for studies based on clinical course or responsiveness to rituximab therapy.
Interleukin-21 induces migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xing R , Jin Y , Sun L , Yang L , Li C , Li Z , Liu X , Zhao J 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial fibroblast hyperplasia and bone erosion. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis through aggressive migration and matrix invasion, and certain proinflammatory cytokines may affect synoviocyte invasion. Whether interleukin (IL)-21 influences this process remains controversial. Here, we evaluated the potential regulatory effect of IL-21 on the migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in RA-FLS. We found that IL-21 promoted the migration, invasion and MMP (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13) production in RA-FLS. Moreover, IL-21 induced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways, and blockage of these pathways [PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002, STAT-3 inhibitor STA-21 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059] attenuated IL-21-induced migration and secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-21 promotes migration and invasion of RA-FLS. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-21 might be effective for the treatment of RA.
Interactions Between Biodiversity Offsets and Protected Area Commitments: Avoiding Perverse Outcomes
Authors: Maron Martine , Gordon Ascelin , Mackey Brendan G. , Possingham Hugh P. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEconomic growth is often in conflict with environmental goals. Biodiversity offsetting attempts to resolve this conflict by requiring industries to compensate for the biodiversity loss they cause, by generating an equivalent biodiversity gain elsewhere. Offsets for environmental impacts are increasingly being seen as a way to help meet preexisting conservation targets, such as those relating to the establishment and management of protected areas. We examine how using offsets to meet a state or organization's genuine commitments, which are not contingent on the offsets, results in no additional conservation benefit. In this case, either the offset or the preexisting commitment is invalid. For example, the use of offsets to meet commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity requires an admission that those commitments would otherwise not be met. This interaction between international agreements around protected areas and offset policy can generate perverse incentives, which must be carefully managed to avoid poor conservation outcomes. We propose separate accounting for conservation gains generated using offsets, and that future conservation agreements and targets should explicitly separate commitments met using offset gains from those which are not reliant on equivalent losses.
Serum Iron Level Is Associated with Time to Antibiotics in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gifford Alex H. , Dorman Dana B. , Moulton Lisa A. , Helm Jennifer E. , Griffin Mary M. , MacKenzie Todd A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundSerum levels of hepcidin‐25, a peptide hormone that reduces blood iron content, are elevated when patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop pulmonary exacerbation (PEx). Because hepcidin‐25 is unavailable as a clinical laboratory test, we questioned whether a one‐time serum iron level was associated with the subsequent number of days until PEx, as defined by the need to receive systemic antibiotics (ABX) for health deterioration.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were simultaneously checked in 54 adults with CF. Charts were reviewed to determine when they first experienced a PEx after these parameters were assessed. Time to ABX was compared in subgroups with and without specific attributes. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify parameters that significantly explained variation in time to ABX.ResultsIn univariate analyses, time to ABX was significantly shorter in subjects with Aspergillus‐positive sputum cultures and CF‐related diabetes. Multivariate linear regression models demonstrated that shorter time to ABX was associated with younger age, lower serum iron level, and Aspergillus sputum culture positivity.ConclusionsSerum iron, age, and Aspergillus sputum culture positivity are factors associated with shorter time to subsequent PEx in CF adults.
Do performance and image enhancing drug users in regional Queensland experience difficulty accessing health services?
Authors: Dunn Matthew , Henshaw Richard , McKay Fiona H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimTo understand health service access and needs of people who use performance and image enhancing drugs (PIED) in regional Queensland.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 people (n = 19 men) who reported the use of a range of PIEDs, including anabolic‐androgenic steroids, human chorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone, clenbuterol, tamoxifen, insulin and peptides.ResultsParticipants reported accessing a range of services, including needle and syringe programs and pharmacies, for sterile injecting equipment. While PIEDs users attributed some stigma to needle and syringe programs, they were seen as an important service for injecting equipment. Participants reported receiving either positive care from health‐care providers, such as general practitioners (GP), or having negative experiences due to the stigma attached with PIED use. Few participants reported disclosing their PIED use to their GP not only because of the concerns that their GP would no longer see them but also because they felt their GP was not knowledgeable about these substances.Discussion and ConclusionParticipants in the study reported no difficulty in accessing health services based on living in a regional area, with their concern focused more upon how they were viewed and treated by service staff. [Dunn M, Henshaw R, Mckay F. H. Do performance and image enhancing drug users in regional Queensland experience difficulty accessing health services? Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:377–382]
Mortality risk in a cohort of Italian alcoholic individuals treated for alcohol dependence
Authors: Pavarin Raimondo Maria , Caputo Fabio , Zoli Giorgio , Domenicali Marco , Bernardi Mauro , Gambini Daniele 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the mortality risk and to explore the presence of subjects more at risk of dying in a cohort of alcoholic individuals treated for alcohol dependence over a lengthy follow‐up period.Design and MethodsA total of 2363 subjects attending 10 centres for addiction treatment for alcohol dependence were recruited.ResultsDuring the 17 year follow‐up period, 14.7% of the entire cohort died. Total standardised mortality rates (SMR) were higher in women (SMR = 5.94) as compared with men (SMR = 4.65). Higher SMRs were found for several diseases, for traumatic episodes (SMR = 6.65) and in younger patients (18–44 age group) (SMR = 8.16). Alcoholic women showed a higher survival rate as compared with men. In addition, a higher risk of death for men and unemployed subjects, with a progressive increase of risk in line with the increase of the age of admission to treatment, and with a progressive decrease of risk after 1 year from the beginning of the treatment, was also found.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study confirms that mortality risk in alcoholic individuals in treatment is higher in comparison with the general population. Moreover, alcoholics men, unemployed, >40 years at time of admission and during the first year of treatment are more at risk to die. Thus, much more attention to patients with these characteristics should be planned by the professional staff working in centres for addiction treatment. [ Pavarin R M, Caputo F, Zoli G, Domenicali M, Bernardi M, Gambini D. Mortality risk in a cohort of Italian alcoholic individuals treated for alcohol dependence Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:186–191]
Elevated anthocyanins protect young Eucalyptus leaves from high irradiance but also indicate foliar nutritional quality to visually attuned psyllids
Authors: FARNIER KEVIN , STEINBAUER MARTIN J. 
Published: December 2015

1. Foliar colour changes with age and, as a consequence, reflects the internal physiology of leaves. Anthocyanins are ‘red’ pigments known for their photoprotective role in young leaves and have been suggested to influence the host‐finding behaviour of insect herbivores. The existence of colour vision in some species of Eucalyptus‐feeding psyllid provides evidence for the possibility of them being able to locate and select leaves based on their age.2. The preferences of three psyllid species, namely Anoeconeossa bundoorensis, Glycaspis brimblecombei, and Ctenarytaina bipartita, for leaf colours were tested using live leaves of different age, presented without olfactory cues. Changes in foliar pigment concentrations and relationships with amino acid composition in these psyllid's hosts, namely Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus kitsoniana, were studied to consider the adaptive significance of selecting leaves based on their age.3. The preference for and attraction to young, anthocyanic leaves of two red‐sensitive psyllid species (A. bundoorensis and G. brimblecombei) were demonstrated, whilst the green‐yellow‐sensitive species (C. bipartita) was shown to discriminate between young ‘yellow’ and older ‘green’ leaves. Age‐related variation in leaf colour was positively correlated with greater availability of essential amino acids.4. This study presents a unique example of herbivore attraction to ‘red’ leaves and strong evidence for reliance on colour vision in insect orientation at the within‐host level.
Metabolic characteristics of early life history stages of native marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) and introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta) and their hybrids in the Soča River
Authors: Simčič Tatjana , Jesenšek Dušan , Brancelj Anton 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMetabolic potential and respiration rate have been measured in the early life stages of native marble trout Salmo marmoratus (MT), introduced brown trout Salmo trutta (BT) and their hybrids (MH = female of MT × male of BT and BH = female of BT × male of MT) to examine the differences in their metabolic characteristics. Metabolic potential and respiration rate were lowest in each developmental stage in MT, followed by MH, BT and BH. The ratio between metabolic potential and respiration rate (ETS/R) in larvae was also lowest for MT (1.0) and MH (1.1), followed by BT (1.4) and BH (1.6), indicating more intensive exploitation of metabolic potential for actual respiration in MT (100%) and MH (~90%) than in BT (~70%) and BH (~60%). Lower ETS/R means a disadvantage in the case of enhanced metabolic activity due to insufficient enzyme machinery needed for energy production. Thus, potential and actual metabolic activity and ETS/R ratio could account for the different competitive abilities among pure trout species and their hybrids in a particular environment. This is the first report on biochemical and physiological differences between pure MT and their hybrids. The combination of metabolic and respiration rate measurements appears to be a useful tool for estimating the metabolic properties in the early developmental stages of fish.
ALK,ROS1 and NTRK3 gene rearrangements in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours
Authors: Yamamoto Hidetaka , Yoshida Akihiko , Taguchi Kenichi , Kohashi Kenichi , Hatanaka Yui , Yamashita Atsushi , Mori Daisuke , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: December 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the pathological features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) with gene rearrangement other than ALK.Methods and resultsWe investigated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, ETV6, NTRK3 and RET in 36 cases of IMT by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, fluorescence in‐situ hybridization, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). IHC staining showed ALK and ROS1 to be positive in 22 of 36 (61.1%) and two of 36 (5.6%) cases, respectively. In one case with ROS1 positivity, IHC staining showed cytoplasmic and dot‐like ROS1 expression, and RT‐PCR showed the presence of the TFG–ROS1 fusion transcript. Two cases of pulmonary IMT, in a 7‐year‐old patient and a 23‐year‐old patient, had ETV6 rearrangement, and the presence of the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion transcript was confirmed in one case. These tumours were composed of hypocellular myxoid areas and highly cellular areas with rich plasmacytic infiltration; the histological features were different from those of infantile fibrosarcoma. RET rearrangement was not detected.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a subset of ALK‐negative IMTs have rearrangement of ROS1, ETV6 or NTRK3 as a possible oncogenic mechanism, and that the detection of these alterations may be of diagnostic value and helpful for determining promising therapeutic strategies.
Variations in the prevalence and predictors of prevalent metabolically healthy obesity in adolescents
Authors: Heinzle S. , Ball G. D.C. , Kuk J. L. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundObesity is a heterogeneous condition, which includes a subset of individuals that can be classified as having metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), but there is no consensus on what constitutes MHO. Thus, the objective of the study is to examine the prevalence and predictors of prevalent MHO in adolescents using various definitions of MHO.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used. Participants included 316 male and 316 female adolescents aged 12–19 years with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile. Two definitions were used to define MHO. First, MHO was defined as having ≤1 metabolic syndrome criteria (excluding waist) and being free of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Second, MHO was defined as being free of all metabolic syndrome criteria, insulin resistance and inflammation.ResultsThe prevalence of MHO was 42% (male) and 74% (female) using the first definition and 7% (male) and 12% (female) using the second more conservative definition. Lower abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and lower insulin resistance predicted prevalent MHO in male and female adolescents for both definitions (p < 0.01). Associations between dietary components and MHO were weak and inconsistent, while physical activity and inflammation were not associated with MHO in male and female adolescents for both definitions (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MHO in adolescents varied across definitions, with lower levels of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance as the most consistent predictors of prevalent MHO status.
Effect of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid on the intraurethral pressure in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Choi Bo Ram , Soni Kiran Kumar , Zhang Li Tao , Lee Sung Won , So Insuk , Kim Hye Kyung , Park Jong Kwan 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid, a new benzofuroindole derivative, on the intraurethral pressure in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsBenign prostatic hyperplasia was induced by testosterone and 17β‐estradiol, which were administered intramuscularly once a day for 12 weeks. The effects of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid and tamsulosin on the intraurethral pressure induced by the electrostimulation of hypogastric nerves after a single intravenous injection of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid (10 mg/kg) or tamsulosin (10 μg/kg) were evaluated in a benign prostatic hyperplasia model. The electrostimulation‐induced intraurethral pressure was measured just before and after the injection of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid. Bodyweight and genitourinary organ weights were recorded, and serums and tissues were subjected to hormone assays and histopathology. In addition, the expression of α1‐adrenoceptors in the prostate was measured by western blotting.ResultsThe benign prostatic hyperplasia groups showed increased prostatic index, increased concentrations of testosterone, free testosterone and estradiol in serum, and increased epithelial thickness of the prostate. An injection of 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid or tamsulosin significantly inhibited the elevation of electrostimulation‐induced intraurethral pressure. In addition, 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid did not cause a significant change in the blood pressure compared with tamsulosin. While the benign prostatic hyperplasia group showed increased the expression of α1‐adrenoceptors, the 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid or tamsulosin injection into a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia decreased the expression of α1‐adrenoceptors.ConclusionsThese findings show that 4‐chloro‐7‐trifluoromethyl‐10H‐benzo[4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole‐1‐carboxylic acid might be beneficial for lowering the intraurethral pressure associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and it could represent a therapeutic option for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.