bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Photocatalysis of BiOCl: Reactivity, Selectivity, and Perspectives
Authors: Li Hao , Li Jie , Ai Zhihui , Jia Falong , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysis is a trustworthy approach to harvest clean solar light for energy conversions, while state‐of‐the‐art catalytic efficiencies are unsatisfactory because of the finite light response and/or recombination of robust charge carriers. Along with the development of modern material characterization techniques and electronic‐structure computations, oxygen vacancies (OVs) on the surface of real photocatalysts, even in infinitesimal concentration, are found to play a more decisive role in determining the kinetics, energetics, and mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions. This Review endeavors to clarify the inherent functionality of OVs in photocatalysis at the surface molecular level using 2D BiOCl as the platform. Structure sensitivity of OVs on reactivity and selectivity of photocatalytic reactions is intensely discussed via confining OVs onto prototypical BiOCl surfaces of different structures. The critical understanding of OVs chemistry can help consolidate and advance the fundamental theories of photocatalysis, and also offer new perspectives and guidelines for the rational design of catalysts with satisfactory performance.
Changing Trends in Opioid Use Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United States
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Xie Fenglong , Smith Christian , Saag Kenneth G. , Chen Lang , Beukelman Timothy , Mannion Melissa , Yun Huifeng , Kertesz Stefan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveOpioid prescribing recently has come under intense scrutiny. However, longitudinal patterns of prescription opioid receipt in a population‐based cohort of patients with chronic pain, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to examine both trends over time and variability in individual physician prescribing of short‐term and long‐term use of opioids.MethodsWe identified a cohort of RA patients based on 2006–2014 Medicare data and evaluated longitudinal time trends in “regular” use of opioids. A separate analysis conducted in 2014 assessed rheumatologist‐specific variability in regular use of opioid prescriptions in patients with RA.ResultsWe identified 97,859 RA patients meeting the eligibility criteria. The mean age of the patients was 67 years, 80% were female, 82% were white, and 12% were African American. The most commonly used opioids were those that combined acetaminophen with hydrocodone or propoxyphene. Regular opioid prescribing increased slowly but peaked in 2010 before propoxyphene was withdrawn from the market. Following the withdrawal of propoxyphene, receipt of hydrocodone and tramadol increased commensurately, and overall opioid use declined only slightly. Factors associated with regular use of opioids included younger age, female sex, African American race, back pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety, and depression. Variability between US rheumatologists (n = 4,024) in prescribing the regular use of opioids for their RA patients was high; in the average rheumatologist's practice, 40% of RA patients used prescription opioids regularly. In almost half of the patients, at least some opioid prescriptions were written by a rheumatologist, and 14% received opioids that were co‐prescribed concurrently by more than 1 physician.ConclusionIn the US, opioid use in older patients with RA peaked in 2010 and is now declining slightly. Withdrawal of propoxyphene from the US market in 2010 had minimal effect on overall opioid use, because use of propoxyphene was replaced by increased use of other opioids.
A simply synthesized biphenyl substituted piperidin‐4‐one for the fluorescence chemosensing of Cd2+
Authors: Poomalai Sumathi , Padinjareveetil Anju Kannan , Ramasamy Sivaraj , Govindaraj Tamil Selvan , Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar , Enoch Israel Vijayaraj Muthu Vijayan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIon‐induced change in fluorescence is a straight‐forward method for detection of toxic metal ions showing immediate response. Cadmium ions are toxic to the environment. We report in this paper a piperidine‐4‐one‐based fluorescent chemosensor of Cd2+ ions, designed and synthesized by a simple method. The compound is characterized using infra‐red (IR) and 1H–NMR spectral techniques. The chemosensor showed Cd2+ ion selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry and the binding constants were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Piperidine‐4‐one shows a 1:1 stoichiometric binding to Cd2+. The limit of detection of Cd2+ was reported.
A feasibility and safety study of intracoronary hemodilution during primary coronary angioplasty in order to reduce reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction
Authors: McGarvey Michael , Ali Omar , Iqbal M. Bilal , Ilsley Charles , Wong Joyce , Di Mario Carlo , Redwood Simon , Patterson Tiffany , Pennell Dudley J. , Rogers Paula , Dalby Miles ,   ORCA‐3 For the Optimal Restoration of Cardiac Activity (ORCA) Group
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe designed a pilot study to evaluate safety and feasibility of an inexpensive and simple approach to intracoronary hemodilution during primary angioplasty (PPCI) to reduce reperfusion injury.IntroductionEarly revascularization in acute myocardial infarction decreases infarct size and improves outcomes. However, abrupt restoration of coronary flow results in myocardial reperfusion injury and increased final infarct size. Dilution of coronary blood during revascularization may help reduce this damage. If proved effective, such an approach would need to be simple and suitable for widespread adoption.MethodsTen patients presenting with STEMI underwent intracoronary dilution with room temperature Hartmann's solution delivered through the guiding catheter during primary angioplasty (PPCI). Infusion of perfusate began prior to crossing the occluded artery with the guidewire, continuing until 10 min after completion of the balloon and stenting procedure. Infusion was briefly interrupted for contrast injection and pressure monitoring. The outcome measures were safety, including intracoronary temperature reduction and volume of intracoronary perfusate infused, and technical feasibility.ResultsThere were no significant symptomatic, hemodynamic, ECG ST/T segment or rhythm changes observed during perfusate administration. The median (interquartile range) volume of perfusate administered was 550 mL (350–725 mL) and the median intracoronary temperature reduction observed was 3.4°Celsius. Myocardial salvage was 0.54 (0.43–0.65).ConclusionsTranscatheter intracoronary hemodilution with room temperature perfusate during PPCI is feasible and appears safe. Such a strategy is simple and inexpensive, with potential to be widely applied. Further mechanistic and subsequent outcome powered studies are required to evaluate whether this strategy can reduce reperfusion injury in STEMI.
One‐Step Synthesis of Dicyanobenzene‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Monolayers: Porosity and Near‐infrared Photoactivity
Authors: Tong Jing , Hou Xudong , Liu Shengjun , Zhang Junxiang , Ding Yanjun , Wang Yang , Xu Hangxun , Liu Bo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a facile and one‐step synthesis of a N‐doped porous carbon (NPC) material by direct heating of dicyanobenzene in the presence of ZnCl2, free from any pre‐ or post‐treatment. The resultant NPC material features graphite‐like monolayers with a thickness of approximately 1.4 nm, as proven by microscopy technology. NPC shows a BET surface area of 3038.5 m2 g−1 and a narrow pore‐size distribution centered at 0.51 nm. As a consequence, NPC displays a high H2 uptake of up to 2.96 wt % at 77 K and a CO2 adsorption capability of 23.4 wt % at 278 K and 0.1 MPa. N‐doping leads to extension of the optical absorption of NPC into the near‐infrared (NIR) region. This N‐decorated carbon material, as the first example of a NIR‐triggered carbon photocatalyst, exhibits pronounced H2 production capabilities. Carbonization of aromatic multinitriles would be a general and facile approach to prepare multifunctional N‐doped carbon materials for gas storage and full solar spectrum driven photocatalysts.
Improvement of the Structural and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nano‐onions for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mykhailiv Olena , Zubyk Halyna , Brzezinski Krzysztof , Gras Malgorzata , Lota Grzegorz , Gniadek Marianna , Romero Elkin , Echegoyen Luis , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHeteroatom doping of carbon nanostructures is a convenient tool to control their physicochemical properties and to make them suitable for various applications. Carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) doped with nitrogen (N‐CNOs) have been prepared by annealing aminated‐nanodiamond particles (AM‐NDs) at different temperatures (1150, 1450 and 1650 °C) in an inert He atmosphere. Their physicochemical properties were compared with those of pristine CNOs obtained from non‐functionalized NDs under the same experimental conditions. The carbon nanostructures were characterized using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, porosimetry, and differential‐thermogravimetric analyses (TGA‐DTG). Their physicochemical properties are systematically discussed for undoped and for the nitrogen‐doped CNO samples. The results reveal that the surface morphology and the structure of undoped and nitrogen‐doped CNOs vary with the annealing temperature. All of these materials were electrochemically tested as electrode materials for enzyme‐free catalysis of hydrogen peroxide. The nitrogen‐doped carbon nanostructures have a higher catalytic activity than undoped nanostructures obtained under the same experimental conditions.
Cumulative toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticide mixtures to Chironomus dilutus under acute exposure scenarios
Authors: Maloney Erin M. , Morrissey Christy A. , Headley John V. , Peru Kerry M. , Liber Karsten 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Extensive agricultural use of neonicotinoid insecticide products has resulted in the presence of neonicotinoid mixtures in surface waters worldwide. Although many aquatic insect species are known to be sensitive to neonicotinoids, the impact of neonicotinoid mixtures is poorly understood. In the present study, the cumulative toxicities of binary and ternary mixtures of select neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam) were characterized under acute (96-h) exposure scenarios using the larval midge Chironomus dilutus as a representative aquatic insect species. Using the MIXTOX approach, predictive parametric models were fitted and statistically compared with observed toxicity in subsequent mixture tests. Single-compound toxicity tests yielded median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 4.63, 5.93, and 55.34 μg/L for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Because of the similar modes of action of neonicotinoids, concentration-additive cumulative mixture toxicity was the predicted model. However, we found that imidacloprid–clothianidin mixtures demonstrated response-additive dose-level–dependent synergism, clothianidin–thiamethoxam mixtures demonstrated concentration-additive synergism, and imidacloprid–thiamethoxam mixtures demonstrated response-additive dose-ratio–dependent synergism, with toxicity shifting from antagonism to synergism as the relative concentration of thiamethoxam increased. Imidacloprid–clothianidin–thiamethoxam ternary mixtures demonstrated response-additive synergism. These results indicate that, under acute exposure scenarios, the toxicity of neonicotinoid mixtures to C. dilutus cannot be predicted using the common assumption of additive joint activity. Indeed, the overarching trend of synergistic deviation emphasizes the need for further research into the ecotoxicological effects of neonicotinoid insecticide mixtures in field settings, the development of better toxicity models for neonicotinoid mixture exposures, and the consideration of mixture effects when setting water quality guidelines for this class of pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3091–3101. © 2017 SETAC
Fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry of the Atebayue Sb deposit, South Tianshan Orogen, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Zhou Zhenju , Chen Zhengle , Han Fengbin , Han Shuqin , Wang Zongxiu , Xiao Weifeng , Shen Tao , Wu Junjie 
Published: June 2017

The Atebayue Sb deposit is hosted in the Silurian clastics in the South Tianshan Orogen in Kyrgyzstan. The Sb ores appear as veins/veinlets and disseminations, with stibnite being the main ore mineral. Gangue minerals comprise quartz, calcite, and clay minerals. The quartz at Atebayue only contains aqueous fluid inclusions with low homogenization temperature (215–336 °C) and salinity (3.4–6.9 wt.% NaCl equiv.), supporting an epizonogenic hydrothermal origin. The minimum trapping pressures estimated from the NaCl─H2O inclusions are 9–14 MPa, suggesting that the Sb mineralization mainly occurred at a depth of 0.9–1.4 km. Sulphur isotopes (δ34S = −0.4 to 6.2‰) suggest that the host rocks within the Silurian system to be a significant source of ore metals. The ores contain average 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values of 18.112, 15.547, and 38.064, respectively, and 2‐stage model ages of 337–381 Ma, indicating the ores were likely sourced from the Paleozoic strata. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including ore geology, fluid inclusion, and S─Pb isotope geochemistry, we conclude that that the Atebayue Sb deposit is best classified as epizonogenic type formed by the Tarim–Kazakhstan continent–continent collision.
Increasing Crop Productivity in an Eco‐Friendly Manner by Improving Sprinkler and Micro‐Irrigation Design and Management: A Review of 20 Years' Research at the IWHR, China
Authors: Li Jiusheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe use of sprinkler and micro‐irrigation has progressed continuously from being a novelty that was employed by researchers to being widely accepted, efficient methods of irrigation for many crops during the past 30–40 years in China. This paper reviews the studies that have been conducted on sprinkler and micro‐irrigation at the WatSave Lab in the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) over the past two decades. These studies address several areas of concern and provide partial answers to the questions raised during the application and extension of these relatively new irrigation technologies. With the aim of exploring the consumption of sprinkled water that is intercepted by the canopy, the amount of water interception and the losses were quantified, confirming that sprinkler irrigation is an efficient irrigation method. The standards of sprinkler and micro‐irrigation uniformity were studied with respect to many aspects of water and solute dynamics, environmental effects, and crop yield and quality under a wide range of environments from arid to subhumid climates for typical wheat, cotton, maize and vegetable crops. As a result, new target uniformity values have been recommended. Other studies on water, solute and bacterial transport from normal water and sewage effluent can also be useful in the design, operation, maintenance and management of irrigation systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffractive corneal inlay for presbyopia
Authors: Furlan Walter D. , García‐Delpech Salvador , Udaondo Patricia , Remón Laura , Ferrando Vicente , Monsoriu Juan A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA conceptually new type of corneal inlays for a customized treatment of presbyopia is presented. The diffractive inlay consists on a small aperture disc having an array of micro‐holes distributed inside the open zones of a Fresnel zone plate. In this way, the central hole of the disc lets pass the zero order diffraction and produces an extension of the depth of far focus of the eye, while the diffracted light through the holes in the periphery produce the near focus. Additionally, the micro‐holes in the inlay surface fulfill the essential requirement of allowing the flow of nutrients through it to the cells of the corneal stroma. Theoretical and optical‐bench experimental results for the polychromatic axial Point Spread Function (PSF) were obtained, showing an improved performance compared to the small aperture corneal inlay currently in the market (Kamra). Images of a test object, obtained at several vergences in the surroundings of the far and near foci, are also shown. Picture: Simulation of the appearance of the Diffractive corneal inlay on a real eye.
Doxorubicin kinetics and effects on lung cancer cell lines using in vitro Raman micro‐spectroscopy: binding signatures, drug resistance and DNA repair
Authors: Farhane Zeineb , Bonnier Franck , Howe Orla , Casey Alan , Byrne Hugh J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRaman micro‐spectroscopy is a non‐invasive analytical tool, whose potential in cellular analysis and monitoring drug mechanisms of action has already been demonstrated, and which can potentially be used in pre‐clinical and clinical applications for the prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy. To further investigate such potential clinical application, it is important to demonstrate its capability to differentiate drug mechanisms of action and cellular resistances. Using the example of Doxorubicin (DOX), in this study, it was used to probe the cellular uptake, signatures of chemical binding and subsequent cellular responses, of the chemotherapeutic drug in two lung cancer cell lines, A549 and Calu‐1. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to elucidate the spectroscopic signatures associated with DOX uptake and subcellular interaction. Biomarkers related to DNA damage and repair, and mechanisms leading to apoptosis were also measured and correlated to Raman spectral profiles. Results confirm the potential of Raman spectroscopic profiling to elucidate both drug kinetics and pharmacodynamics and differentiate cellular drug resistance associated with different subcellular accumulation rates and subsequent cellular response to DNA damage, pointing towards a better understanding of drug resistance for personalised targeted treatment.magnified image
Improved hemodialysis with hemocompatible polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes: In vitro performance
Authors: Verma Surendra Kumar , Modi Akshay , Singh Atul Kumar , Teotia Rohit , Bellare Jayesh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe show that addition of nanozeolite (NZ) and vitamin E D‐α‐Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS or T) considerably improves the performance of polyethersulfone (PES or P) hollow fiber membrane (HFM) for hemodialysis. Nanocomposite HFMs were manufactured using PES as a polymer, TPGS as an additive and NZ as a filler to give a composite membrane called PT‐NZ. HFMs were spun by dry‐wet spinning principle based on liquid‐liquid phase separation. TPGS and NZ were successfully incorporated in HFMs, as confirmed by EDX elemental mapping. The resultant PT‐NZ HFMs had improved hemocompatibility: lower percent hemolysis (0.28% in batch mode and 0.32% in continuous mode), lower platelet adhesion, higher coagulation time and lower protein adsorption (16.34 µg/cm2), compared with P, PT, and commercial (F60S) HFMs. The ultrafiltration coefficient of PT‐NZ HFM‐based module (274.59 mL/m2/h/mmHg) was ∼1.5‐times higher than that of F60S membranes (151.67 mL/m2/h/mmHg), and the solute rejection of both the membranes was comparable. The toxin clearance performance of lab‐scale PT‐NZ HFM‐based hemodialyzer with uremic toxin spiked goat blood was remarkably higher (five times) than that of F60S. Hence, the synthesized PT‐NZ HFMs are a potentially attractive membrane material for hemodialysis application, particularly due to decreased treatment time and minimal side reactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1286–1298, 2018.
Influence of analyzed lubricant volumes on the amount and characteristics of generated wear particles from three different types of polyethylene liner materials
Authors: Markhoff Jana , Zietz Carmen , Fabry Christian , Fulda Gerhard , Bader Rainer 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe articulating components of artificial joints consist mainly of metals, ceramics, or polymers. Resulting abrasive wear particles can promote osteolysis and aseptic loosening of the endo‐prosthetic implants. Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene is the material used most for bearing couples in total hip replacement. In the present study, three types of polyethylene (PE) liners varying in material composition, i.e., (1) conventional PE (C‐PE), (2) sequentially cross‐linked PE (SX‐PE), (3) cross‐linked PE blended with vitamin E (EX‐PE) articulating with two types of femoral heads were used. After ultrasound treatment of each simulator lubricant, different concentrations (0.1/0.25/0.5/1.0 mL) were taken and dissolved in hydrochloric acid (37%) in a similar manner. The aim was to analyze the characteristics of wear particles generated in a hip simulator, with respect to different volumes of the lubricant. Within the scope of particle analysis, distinct alterations for particle characteristics were determined in the lubricant volumes and types of PE material used. A significant decrease in particle number for SX‐PE liners, compared to the C‐PE inserts and even more for EX‐PE inserts, was detected at each lubricant volume. Particle morphologies varied depending on PE material. Alterations in particle size and other morphologic parameters between the four tested volumes, could be proven for each PE type. In general, particle sizes and parameters (e.g., length and width) increased with increasing serum volumes. In conclusion, the chosen volume of the simulator lubricant used for particle analysis has a crucial influence on detected particle number, size distribution, and morphologic parameters. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1299–1306, 2018.