bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Proteome and Transcriptome Defense Response of Apples Induced by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Zhang Hongyin , Chen Liangliang , Sun Yiwen , Zhao Lina , Zheng Xiangfeng , Yang Qiya , Zhang Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2017

A better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents on fruit surfaces is critical for the advancement of successful implementation of postharvest biocontrol products. This is due to the increasing importance of biological control of postharvest diseases over chemical and other control methods. However, most of the mechanisms involved in biological control remain unknown and need to be explored. Yarrowia lipolytica significantly inhibited blue mold decay of apples caused by Penicillium expansum. The findings also demonstrated that Y. lipolytica stimulated the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, chitinase, l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase involved in enhancing defense responses in apple fruit tissue. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 35 proteins identified as up- and down-regulated in response to the Y. lipolytica inducement. These proteins were related to defense, biotic stimulus, and stress responses, such as pathogenesis-related proteins and dehydrin. The analysis of the transcriptome results proved that the induced resistance was mediated by a crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene/jasmonate (ET/JA) pathways. Y. lipolytica treatment activated the expression of isochorismate synthase gene in the SA pathway, which up-regulates the expression of PR4 in apple. The expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene and ET-responsive transcription factors 2 and 4, which are involved in the ET pathway, were also activated. In addition, cytochrome oxidase I, which plays an important role in JA signaling for resistance acquisition, was also activated. However, not all of the genes had a positive effect on the SA and ET/JA signal pathways. As transcriptional repressors in JA signaling, TIFY3B and TIFY11B were triggered by the yeast, but the gene expression levels were relatively low. Taken together, Y. lipolytica induced the SA and ET/JA signal mediating the defense pathways by stimulating defense response genes, such as peroxidase, thaumatin-like protein, and chitinase 4-like, which are involved in defense response in apple. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Clinical Risk Factors for Preeclampsia Determined in Early Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large Cohort Studies
Authors: Bartsch Emily , Medcalf Karyn E. , Park Alison L. , Ray Joel G. 
Published: February 2017

(BMJ.2016;353:i1753)Earlier studies have reported the effectiveness of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia in women considered to be at moderate to high risk of developing this disorder. This current study was a meta-analysis of cohort studies examining risk factors for preeclampsia with the goal of estimating early in pregnancy (≤16 wk gestation) a woman’s risk of developing preeclampsia based on the presence of absence of various risk factors. Three practical estimates were generated: the absolute risk of developing preeclampsia in the presence or absence of a given risk factor; the relative risk in the presence or absence of a given risk factor, and the population attributable fraction (PAF) for preeclampsia in relation to each risk factor. On the basis of their analysis, the authors aimed to provide a list of risk factors that could be used to identify those women at high risk for developing preeclampsia.
The Validity of Discharge Billing Codes Reflecting Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Sigakis Matthew J.G. , Leffert Lisa R. , Mirzakhani Hooman , Sharawi Nadir , Rajala Baskar , Callaghan William M. , Kuklina Elena V. , Creanga Andreea A. , Mhyre Jill M. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: February 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2016;123:731–738)
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, which are documented in hospital discharge data, are often used to identify cases of severe maternal complications. However, little is known regarding the validity of their use in this manner. Therefore, the authors of the present study defined the positive predictive value (PPV) of ICD codes used to identify maternal morbidity at 2 academic centers: Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS).
Vaginal Progesterone Prophylaxis for Preterm Birth (the OPPTIMUM Study): A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind Trial
Authors: Norman Jane Elizabeth , Marlow Neil , Messow Claudia-Martina , Shennan Andrew 
Published: February 2017

(Lancet. 2016;387:2106–2116)
In a Cochrane meta-analysis, the administration of vaginal progesterone or intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduced preterm birth in women with a short cervix but had no effect on neonatal mortality. For women with a history of prior preterm birth, the meta-analysis found both preterm birth and neonatal mortality were decreased with this treatment. However, data on prolonged benefit of the therapy as well as effects on the child after the neonatal period are lacking. To this end, a double-blind randomized trial, OPPTIMUM (dOes Progesterone Prophylaxis To prevent preterm labour IMprove oUtcoMe?), was performed to determine the effect of vaginal progesterone prophylaxis on neonatal and childhood outcomes.
Increased Pain Relief With Remifentanil Does Not Improve the Success Rate of External Cephalic Version: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Burgos Jorge , Pijoan José I. , Osuna Carmen , Cobos Patricia , Rodriguez Leire , Del Mar Centeno María , Serna Rosa , Jimenez Antonia , Garcia Eugenia , Fernandez-Llebrez Luis , Melchor Juan C. 
Published: February 2017

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016;95:547–554)
One of the high-risk obstetric conditions is breech presentation, and this condition is usually associated with higher cesarean rates. External cephalic version (ECV) is used to decrease the number of breech presentations at delivery with effective results. However, ECV is a painful maneuver and this pain is said to promote reactive maternal abdominal muscle contraction and involuntary abdominal tensing, reducing the likelihood of successful version and causing some women to reject the technique. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 pain relief methods (remifentanil vs. nitrous oxide) on the success rate of ECV.
Catheter Failure Rates and Time Course With Epidural Versus Combined Spinal-Epidural Analgesia in Labor
Authors: Groden J. , Gonzalez-Fiol A. , Aaronson J. , Sachs A. , Smiley R. 
Published: February 2017

(IJOA. 2016;26:4–7)
Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) for labor analgesia is preferred over traditional epidural analgesia by many anesthesiologists.
Patient-controlled Oral Analgesia Versus Nurse-controlled Parenteral Analgesia After Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bonnal A. , Dehon A. , Nagot N. , Macioce V. , Nogue E. , Morau E. 
Published: February 2017

(Anaesthesia. 2016;71:535–543)
Multimodal strategies are recommended for postcesarean pain management. A common technique is parenteral analgesic administration followed by a transition to oral medication 24 to 48 hours after surgery. However, other oral regimens have been studied as potential alternatives to address limitations in this present strategy. This current randomized study aimed to assess the effectiveness of early multimodal patient-controlled oral analgesia (PCOA) in comparison with multimodal parenteral analgesia using a noninferiority study design.
A Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (2012-2015): Lessons Learned From 1.5 Million Treatments
Authors: Jokinen-Gordon Hanna , Barry Richard C. , Watson Beckie , Covington D. Scott 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the distribution and occurrence of adverse events recorded during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy from 2012 to 2015. In this analysis, events are defined as otic/sinus barotrauma, confinement anxiety, hypoglycemia, oxygen toxicity, pneumothorax, seizure, and shortness of breath.

DATA AND ANALYSIS:
The data for the analysis were drawn from a proprietary electronic health data system that contained information on 1,529,859 hyperbaric treatments administered during 53,371 treatment courses from 2012 to 2015 in outpatient wound care centers across the United States managed by Healogics, Inc, Jacksonville, Florida.

RESULTS:
Of the 1.5 million treatments included in the analysis, 0.68% were associated with an adverse event. Barotrauma and confinement anxiety were the most frequently reported events. Medically severe events were extremely uncommon, with fewer than 0.05 instances of oxygen toxicity per 1000 treatments and only 1 confirmed case of pneumothorax.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results indicate that the occurrence of adverse events associated with HBO therapy is infrequent and typically not serious. The findings of this study suggest that when administered according to the appropriate therapeutic protocols HBO therapy is a safe and low-risk intervention.
Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Tita Alan T. N. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Boggess Kim , Saade George , Longo Sherri , Clark Erin , Esplin Sean , Cleary Kirsten , Wapner Ron , Letson Kellett , Owens Michelle , Abramovici Adi , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Cutter Gary , Andrews William 
Published: February 2017

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2016;375:1231–1241)
Pregnancy-associated infections after cesarean delivery are a significant cause of maternal deaths in the United States. Earlier studies proposed that an azithromycin-based extended-spectrum prophylaxis in combination with standard cephalosporin prophylaxis may reduce the risk of infection following cesarean delivery more than standard prophylaxis alone.
International collaboration including patients is essential to develop new therapies for patients with myositis
Authors: Lundberg Ingrid E. , Vencovsky Jiri 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of reviewTo discuss the needs for international collaborations between investigators in different disciplines working with myositis and with patients with myositis.Recent findingsRecent advances in detection of several myositis-specific autoantibodies that are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes, will enable studies in new well defined clinically homogenous subgroups of myositis This is likely to lead to development of new information on molecular pathogenesis that might be different in different myositis subgroups. Subgrouping patients according to autoantibody profile may also be important to assess outcome, to identify prognostic biomarkers and in clinical trials. As these are rare disorders international collaboration is essential to enrol large enough cohorts of the subgroups. To facilitate such collaboration we have developed a web-based international myositis register, www.euromyositis.eu, which includes validated outcome measures and patient reported outcome measures. This register is to support research but also to support decision-making in the clinic. We welcome investigators to join the Euromyositis register.SummaryMyositis is a heterogeneous disorder with varying treatment response and outcome. There is a high unmet need for new therapies which can only be achieved by increased knowledge on molecular disease mechanisms. Subgrouping patients according to autoantibody profile may be a new way forward to get a better understanding on disease mechanisms and to develop novel therapies.
Reliable Method for Avoiding Malrotation Deformity After Intramedullary Nailing of Comminuted Femur Fractures: Clinical Validation of a Previously Described Technique
Authors: Sathy Ashoke , Barnwell Jonathan C. , Shahrestani Sean N. , Moore Daniel 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate a previously described technique using the inherent anteversion of intramedullary nail (IMN) to avoid malrotation in comminuted femur fractures and describe the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternative method for assessing postoperative femoral version.

Design:
Prospective consecutive cohort study.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patient/Participants:
Twenty-five consecutive patients with comminuted femur fractures (Winquist III/IV, OTA/AO 32-B/32-C) treated by a single surgeon with IMN between September 1, 2011, and February 28, 2015.

Intervention:
IMN on a fracture table with intraoperative femoral version set by the inherent version of the implant. All patients received a postoperative computed tomography (CT) or MRI to assess femoral version.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Mean difference in postoperative femoral anteversion (DFA) between injured limb and uninjured limb as measured by CT or MRI. Mean difference in postoperative femoral version of the injured femur from the inherent version of the implant (12 degrees) was measured with CT or MRI.

Results:
The mean postoperative DFA was 9.1 ± 5.6 degrees. Postoperative DFA greater than 15 degrees was found in 2 (8.0%) patients. Mean difference in postoperative version of the injured femur from the inherent 12 degrees of the implant was 7.1 ± 5.4 degrees. Patients tolerated MRI studies well.

Conclusions:
Our previously described technique using the inherent anteversion of an IMN is effective and leads to a very low rate of malrotation, even in highly comminuted fractures. The technique is particularly useful in treating bilateral femur fractures. MRI can be used safely and effectively to assess anteversion after fixation of femur fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Does Pelvic Embolization Increase Infection Rates in Patients Who Undergo Open Treatment of Acetabular Fractures?
Authors: Firoozabadi Reza , Little Milton , Alton Timothy , Scoloro John , Agel Julie , Kogut Mathew 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
Evaluate the impact of pelvic embolization on postoperative infection rate after acetabular fracture fixation.

Design:
Retrospective study of 3 separate cohorts.

Setting:
Level I Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Identified patients who underwent angiography of the pelvis as well as required an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of an acetabular fracture. This group was compared to a control group of patients with an acetabular fracture, which did not undergo angiography, and underwent ORIF.

Intervention:
ORIF of an aectabular fracture with angiography ± embolization.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Deep infection rate.

Results:
Seventy-two patients remained for final analysis; 25 patients underwent embolization, 16 patients underwent angiography without embolization, and 31 patients did not undergo angiography. Two out of 25 (8%) patients developed infections in the embolization group, one deep infection and one superficial infection. Five out of 16 (31%) patients developed deep infections in the nonembolization group. Control group of patients who did not undergo angiography had a deep infection rate of 9.6%.

Conclusion:
Despite previous reports of high infection rates after pelvic embolization, the deep infection rate was only 4% after embolization in our cohort. This suggests that concerns for higher rates of infection are not substantiated, and pelvic embolization should be performed when indicated.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stepwise Percutaneous Leverage Technique to Avoid Posterior Interosseous Nerve Injury in Pediatric Radial Neck Fracture
Authors: Choi Wan-Sun , Han Kyeong-Jin , Lee Doo-Hyung , Lee Ga-Eun , Kweon Heon-Ju , Cho Jae-Ho 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:
To introduce a stepwise percutaneous leverage technique to avoid posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) injury in pediatric patients with radial neck fractures and to evaluate the clinical outcome and the predisposing factors affecting the outcome.

Design:
Retrospective case series study.

Setting:
University level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Thirty-four children with a radial neck fracture, who were treated using a stepwise percutaneous leverage technique, were included in the study.

Intervention:
The radial head fragment was reduced by pulling the first Steinmann pin proximally as a lever. Then, the kinked soft tissue was released by removal of the Steinmann pin with buttressing the radial head by the operator's thumb. The second Steinmann pin was inserted into relaxed soft tissue for fixation of the radial head.

Main Outcome Measurements:
We used the Métaizeau classification as a radiologic result and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) as a clinical outcome. Regression analysis was performed to identify the predisposing factors affecting the outcome.

Results:
There was no occurrence of PIN palsy. According to the Métaizeau classification, 23 cases were classified as excellent, 9 as good, 1 as fair, and 1 as poor. The average MEPS was 97.6 points. Based on the regression analysis, only the postoperative Métaizeau classification was confirmed as a risk factor of a relatively poor outcome.

Conclusions:
The stepwise percutaneous leverage technique can be considered a good option in the treatment of pediatric radial neck fractures, because it ensures excellent results by avoiding injury to soft tissues including the PIN.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sanders II/III Calcaneus Fractures in Laborers: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Call for Effectiveness Research
Authors: Clement R. Carter , Lang Pamela J. , Pettett Brett J. , Overman Robert A. , Ostrum Robert F. , Tennant Joshua N. 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
This study compares the cost and cost-effectiveness of treatments options for Sanders II/III displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACFs) in laborers.

Methods:
Literature on Sanders type II and III fractures was reviewed to determine complication rates and utility values for each treatment option. Costs were calculated using Medicare reimbursement and implant prices from our institution. Monte Carlo simulations were used to analyze a decision tree to determine the cost and cost-effectiveness of each treatment from a societal perspective. Sensitivity analysis was performed on all variables.

Results:
Minimally invasive open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (sinus tarsi approach with 4 screws alone) was least expensive ($23,329), followed by nonoperative care ($24,530) and traditional ORIF using extensile lateral approach ($27,963) (P < 0.001); this result was most sensitive to time out of work. Available cost-effectiveness data were limited, but our analysis suggests that minimally invasive ORIF is a dominant strategy, and traditional ORIF is superior to nonoperative care (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $57,217/quality-adjusted life year).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that minimally invasive ORIF (sinus tarsi approach) is the least expensive option for managing Sanders II/III displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures, followed by nonoperative care. Our cost-effectiveness results favor operative management but are highly sensitive to utility values and are weakened by scarce utility data. We therefore cannot currently recommend a treatment course based on value, and our primary conclusion must be that more extensive effectiveness research (ie, health-related quality of life data, not just functional outcomes) is desperately needed to elucidate the value of treatment options in this field.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Maternal risks of fetal therapy
Authors: Al-Refai Alyaa , Ryan Greg , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
Although most fetal disorders can be treated after birth, a few conditions that predictably lead to fetal or neonatal death, or that progress significantly before birth, are ideally treated prenatally. The number of centers offering fetal therapeutic procedures is gradually increasing worldwide. Patients and caregivers should be aware of the potential maternal risks of these interventions.

Recent findings
For transplacental medical therapy (corticosteroids, antiarrhythmics and immunoglobulins), severe maternal adverse events are rare, when done in expert centers. Minimally invasive procedures carry a risk of maternal complications of about 5%, with 1% being severe complications (pulmonary edema or placental abruption). Open fetal surgery carries important risks to the mother, both in the index pregnancy (pulmonary edema, placental abruption, chorioamnionitis and scar dehiscence) and in subsequent pregnancies (uterine rupture), yet some of these risks are decreasing with surgical refinement and increasing experience of the surgical team.

Summary
The information in this manuscript provides a base to counsel expectant mothers on risk of fetal therapy.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN ADULT-ONSET FOVEOMACULAR VITELLIFORM DYSTROPHY
Authors: Joshi Komal M. , Nesper Peter L. , Fawzi Amani A. , Mirza Rukhsana G. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To determine the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to detect choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the pseudohypopyon stage of adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy.

Methods:
Prospective case series of eight consecutive patients with adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy with at least one eye in the pseudohypopyon stage (a total of 14 eyes). Patients were assessed with spectral domain OCT, flourescein angiography, and OCTA. Main outcome measures were the presence or absence of CNV and any unifying patterns that could be identified on OCTA for adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy.

Results:
One (12.5%) of eight eyes in the pseudohypopyon stage had CNV on OCTA, without definitive evidence of CNV on flourescein angiography. Twelve of 14 eyes (86%) had OCTA segmentation errors, giving the false appearance of deep capillary plexus drop out. All 14 eyes (100%) had blockage of flow signal under the vitelliform lesion on OCTA that presented as artifactual loss of flow in the choriocapillaris.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography may be superior to flourescein angiography in detecting CNV in adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, especially in the pseudohypopyon stage. There are common artifacts that must be considered when analyzing vitelliform lesions with OCTA, including segmentation errors and inability to visualize flow under the vitelliform lesion in the choriocapillaris.