bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myers‐Briggs typology and Jungian individuation
Authors: Myers Steve 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMyers‐Briggs typology is widely seen as equivalent to and representative of Jungian theory by the users of the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and similar questionnaires. However, the omission of the transcendent function from the theory, and the use of typological functions as its foundation, has resulted in an inadvertent reframing of the process of individuation. This is despite some attempts to integrate individuation and typology, and reintroduce the transcendent function into Myers‐Briggs theory. This paper examines the differing views of individuation in Myers‐Briggs and Jungian theory, and some of the challenges of reconciling those differences, particularly in the context of normality. It proposes eight principles, drawn mainly from Jungian and classical post‐Jungian work, that show how individuation as a process can be integrated with contemporary Myers‐Briggs typology. These principles show individuation as being a natural process that can be encouraged outside of the analytic process. They make use of a wide range of opposites as well as typological functions, whilst being centred on the transcendent function. Central to the process is the alchemical image of the caduceus and a practical interpretation of the axiom of Maria, both of which Jung used to illustrate the process of individuation.
‘A Comparison Similar to this’: Ossian and the Forms of Antiquity
Authors: Moore Dafydd 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the ways in which James Macpherson's Poems of Ossian engage with other literary texts within their footnotes, adopting David Hopkins's notion of ‘conversing with antiquity’ to articulate how Macpherson conveys meaning and seeks to establish poetic characteristics through this interaction with other forms of expression. Attention to this process leads to a discussion of the dramatic qualities of Ossian as discussed by Macpherson and Hugh Blair, concluding with a discussion of Ossian's contribution to an emerging understanding of primitive dramatic forms, comparing the ways in which criticism understands Ossian and Aeschylus during the 1760s and 1770s.
Introduction Ossian: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Mitchell Sebastian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis year, 2016, sees the twentieth anniversary of the publication of the Poems of Ossian, edited by Howard Gaskill, with a notable introduction by Fiona Stafford. The forum issue celebrates this landmark edition of the poems, and acknowledges the contribution to Ossianic studies of Gaskill and Stafford. The introductory essay considers the development of Ossian criticism from the late twentieth century onwards. It provides an overview of the six contributions to the issue, assesses the state of modern Ossian scholarship and suggests how the study of the bard may develop in the short to medium term.
Utilization of carbon substrates by heterotrophic bacteria through vertical sediment profiles in coastal and estuarine seagrass meadows
Authors: Säwström Christin , Serrano Oscar , Rozaimi Mohammad , Lavery Paul S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCoastal vegetated ecosystems play an important role in carbon cycling and bacterial communities inhabiting coastal sediments are responsible for the remineralization and processing of organic carbon (OC). We collected 1 m‐long sediment cores in Posidonia seagrass meadows from coastal and estuarine sites in Australia that differed in their sedimentary organic and inorganic carbon, nitrogen and mud contents. The metabolic diversity of sediment heterotrophic bacterial communities was characterized at different sediment depths, based on the utilization pattern of 31 individual carbon substrates using Biolog EcoPlatesTM. High metabolic diversity was recorded at both sites, but the carbon substrate utilization rates and the use of carbohydrates were higher at the coastal site compared to the estuarine site. The heterotrophic bacterial community in the coastal sediment appeared to metabolize a more diverse OC pool compared to the estuarine site, which might partly explain the differences in OC storage among the seagrass habitats studied. The Biolog EcoPlatesTM provided a useful tool for characterising the sediment heterotrophic bacterial communities in the meadows and sediment characteristics and biochemical composition of the organic matter played an important role in shaping heterotrophic bacterial communities and their carbon utilization rates, potentially affecting carbon accumulation and preservation within seagrass sediments.
Stability of fine‐grainedTT‐OSLand post‐IR IRSLsignals from ac. 1 Ma sequence of aeolian and lacustrine deposits from the Nihewan Basin (northern China)
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Murray Andrew S. , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter , Jain Mayank , Chen Jie , Lu Yanchou 
Published: May 2016

We tested the suitability of the fine‐grained quartz (4–11 μm) Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and thermally‐transferredOSL(TT‐OSL), and the fine‐grained polymineral (4–11 μm) post‐infraredIRSL(post‐IR IRSLorpIRIR) signals for dating samples from aeolian‐lacustrine deposits from the Xiaochangliang archaeological profile in the Nihewan Basin, China; these deposits include material from the Jaramillo subchron (c. 1.0 Ma). In the upper aeolian section, theOSLandpIRIR290ages are consistent with each other, and show that the upper 8.8 m was deposited betweenc. 0.3 andc. 140 ka. The luminescence ages indicate a major discontinuity in deposition between the aeolian and the older lacustrine deposits. Below this hiatus at 9.4 m (i.e. in the lacustrine sediments) all three signals are found to be in field saturation (no further systematic increase in burial dose with depth) despite theTT‐OSLsignal (apparent mean burial dose ~880 Gy) being well below saturation on the laboratory growth curve. This is in contrast to thepIRIR290signal, which saturates in the field at a level consistent with laboratory saturation. This results in a practical upper limit to the measured burial dose of ~900 Gy (2D0). Thus for theTT‐OSLandpIRIR290signals, the upper limits for dating lacustrine deposits are <260 ka andc. 240 ka, respectively. These results have major implications for the appropriate future application of these signals. The ages of our lacustrine samples cannot be regarded as necessarily accurate ones; nevertheless, these ages provide the first long series absolute chronology for study of local palaeolithic and geomorphic evolution history aside from the magnetostratigraphical results available before this research.
Children's Play and Culture Learning in an Egalitarian Foraging Society
Authors: Boyette Adam H. 
Published: May 2016

Few systematic studies of play in foragers exist despite their significance for understanding the breadth of contexts for human development and the ontogeny of cultural learning. Forager societies lack complex social hierarchies, avenues for prestige or wealth accumulation, and formal educational institutions, and thereby represent a contrast to the contexts of most play research. Analysis of systematic observations of children's play among Aka forest foragers (n = 50, ages 4–16,M = 9.5) and Ngandu subsistence farmers (n = 48, ages 4–16,M = 9.1) collected in 2010 illustrates that while play and work trade off during development in both groups, and consistent patterns in sex‐role development are evident, Aka children engage in significantly less rough‐and‐tumble play and competitive games than children among their socially stratified farming neighbors.
Children's Pragmatic Inferences as a Route for Learning About the World
Authors: Horowitz Alexandra C. , Frank Michael C. 
Published: May 2016

This study investigated whether children can infer category properties based on how a speaker describes an individual (e.g., saying something is a “small zib” implies that zibs are generally bigger than this one). Three‐ to 5‐year‐olds (N = 264) from a university preschool and a children's museum were tested on their ability to make this sort of contrast inference. Children made some inferences from adjective choice alone (Experiment 1); performance increased as more cues to contrast were added (Experiments 2 and 3). Control studies show that these findings are not due to the particular properties used or the structure of these tasks (Experiments 4 and 5). These findings suggest that sensitivity to speakers' production choices may help children learn about the world.
The pattern of anxiolytic and hypnotic management by Australian general practice trainees
Authors: Holliday Simon M. , Morgan Simon , Tapley Amanda , Henderson Kim M. , Dunlop Adrian J. , van Driel Mieke L. , Spike Neil A. , McArthur Lawrence A. , Ball Jean , Oldmeadow Christopher J. , Magin Parker J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsGuidelines recommend anxiolytics and hypnotics (A/H) as second‐line, short‐term medications. We aimed to establish prevalence and associations of A/H prescribing by Australian general practice (GP) trainees.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis from a cohort study of vocational trainees from four GP Regional Training Providers during 2010–2013. General practice trainees act as independent practitioners (including for prescribing purposes) while having recourse to advice from a GP supervisor. Practice and trainee demographic data were collected as well as patient, clinical and educational data from 60 consecutive consultations of each trainee each training term. Analysis was at the level of individual problem managed, with the outcome factor being prescription of any anxiolytic or hypnotic.ResultsOverall, 645 registrars (response rate 94.0%) prescribed 68 582 medications in 69 621 consultations (with 112 890 problems managed). A/Hs were prescribed for 1.3% of problems managed and comprised 2.2% of all prescriptions. They were prescribed particularly for insomnia (28.2%) or anxiety (21.8%), but also for many ‘off‐label’ indications. Significant associations of A/H prescriptions were: patient‐level (greater age, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, English‐speaking background, being new to the trainee but not to the practice); trainee‐level (male) and consultation‐level (longer duration, pre‐existing problem, specialist referral not being made). Prescribing was significantly lower in one of the four Regional Training Providers.Discussion and ConclusionsGP trainees, inconsistent with most guideline recommendations, prescribe A/Hs mainly as maintenance therapy to unfamiliar and older patients. Our results suggest that changes in management approaches are needed which may be facilitated by support for psychotherapeutic training. [Holliday SM, Morgan S, Tapley A, Henderson KM, Dunlop AJ, van Driel ML, Spike NA, McArthur LA, Ball J, Oldmeadow CJ, Magin PJ. The pattern of anxiolytic and hypnotic management by Australian general practice trainees. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:261-269].
Applying gene flow science to environmental policy needs: a boundary work perspective
Authors: Ridley Caroline E. , Alexander Laurie C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne application of gene flow science is the policy arena. In this article, we describe two examples in which the topic of gene flow has entered into the U.S. national environmental policymaking process: regulation of genetically engineered crops and clarification of the jurisdictional scope of the Clean Water Act. We summarize both current scientific understanding and the legal context within which gene flow science has relevance. We also discuss the process by which scientific knowledge has been synthesized and communicated to decision‐makers in these two contexts utilizing the concept of ‘boundary work’. Boundary organizations, the work they engage in to bridge the worlds of science, policy, and practice, and the boundary objects they produce to translate scientific knowledge existed in both examples. However, the specific activities and attributes of the objects produced varied based on the needs of the decision‐makers. We close with suggestions for how scientists can contribute to or engage in boundary work with policymakers.
Invasion of exotic piscivores causes losses of functional diversity and functionally unique species in Japanese lakes
Authors: Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Sasaki Takehiro , Akasaka Munemitsu 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Human activities affect not only species richness (SR) but also functional diversity (FD), but the consequences of species loss on FD may vary among communities. The loss of functionally unique species can result in a greater loss of FD, undermining the long‐term persistence of ecosystems.

We quantified the temporal changes in the SR and FD of native fish communities at the lake and drainage basin scales (N = 45), and investigated the relationships among these declines in SR and FD, anthropogenic drivers, and lake morphometric characteristics. We also simulated random species loss and compared the observed FD to the expected FD to examine whether losses of functionally unique species from the lakes and drainage basins had occurred.

Overall, SR and FD at the lake scale decreased by 72.1 and 75.5% from historical to current (since 2000) time periods, respectively, but the loss rates were mitigated at the drainage basin scale because some of the species that have disappeared from lakes persist in the surrounding waterbodies. Of the drivers we considered, the richness of exotic piscivores was the most important predictor of changes in both SR and FD. Increases in exotic piscivore richness reduced the SR and FD.

The consequences of species loss on FD varied among the lakes. Loss of functionally unique species at the lake scale occurred in 18 lakes and tended to be associated with increased exotic piscivore richness. In 5 of the 18 lakes, however, functionally unique species persist in the surrounding waterbodies. The persistence of these species may have the potential to increase the FD of lake fish communities.

Our findings suggest the importance of the strategic management of exotic piscivores and interconnections between lakes and their surrounding waterbodies to ensure the persistence of native fish assemblages and associated ecological functionality.
Case Report: Coexistence of SUNCT and Hypnic Headache in the Same Patient
Authors: Fantini Jacopo , Granato Antonio , Zorzon Marino , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundShort‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and hypnic headache (HH) are two exceedingly rare and distinctly classified primary headaches. The hypothalamus seems to be a crucial region involved in the pathophysiology of both conditions, but no cases of SUNCT and HH co‐occurrence have been described so far.Case resultsA 49‐year‐old woman who has been suffering from SUNCT for years, with alternation of symptomatic periods and remissions, developed a new headache with different clinical features, presenting exclusively during sleep and with a dramatic responsiveness to caffeine, that met the diagnostic criteria for HH.ConclusionsThe available literature suggests that SUNCT and HH are different conditions but the association in the same patient that we describe supports the concept that they are not mutually exclusive. Further studies are needed to establish if they share a common pathophysiological mechanism.
The Greek version of the Gagging Assessment Scale in children and adolescents: psychometric properties, prevalence of gagging, and the association between gagging and dental fear
Authors: Katsouda Maria , Provatenou Efthymia , Arapostathis Konstantinos , Coolidge Trilby , Kotsanos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundNo studies assessing the association between gagging and dental fear are available in pediatric samples.AimTo assess the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Gagging Assessment Scale (GAS), to explore the prevalence of gagging, and to evaluate the relationship between gagging and dental fear in a pediatric sample.DesignA total of 849 8‐ and 14‐year‐old children filled out a questionnaire consisting of demographic items, the Greek version of the GAS, and the Greek Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS); the older children also completed the Greek version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The short form of dentist part of the Gagging Problem Assessment (GPA‐de‐c/SF) was used to objectively assess gagging.ResultsA total of 51 children (6.0%) demonstrated gagging on the GPA‐de‐c/SF. Children rated as gaggers on the GPA‐de‐c/SF had significantly higher GAS scores. There were no relationships between GPA‐de‐c/SF and the CFSS‐DS or MDAS. The GAS ratings were significantly correlated with the CFSS‐DS (rho = 0.420, P < 0.001) and MDAS (rho = 0.429, P < 0.001). The internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.697).ConclusionsThe GAS demonstrated good psychometric properties. Dental fear was correlated with the self‐report gagging assessment, but not with the objective gagging assessment.
Participants' perceptions of an intervention implemented in an Action Research Nursing Documentation Project
Authors: Vabo Grete , Slettebø Åshild , Fossum Mariann 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences and perceptions of an intervention implemented in an action research project conducted to improve nursing documentation practices in four municipalities in Norway.BackgroundDocumentation of individualized patient care is a continuing concern in healthcare services and could impacts the quality and safety of healthcare. Use of electronic systems has made some aspects of documentation more comprehensive, but creation of an individualized care plan remains a pressing issue.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsAn action research project was conducted between 2010–2012 to improve the content and quality of nursing documentation in community healthcare services in four municipalities. One year after the project was completed four focus group interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, one for each involved municipality. Two unit managers were interviewed individually. Qualitative content analysis was used.ResultsThree themes emerged: healthcare professionals perceived competing interest; they experienced that they had to manage complexity and changes; and they highlighted a clear and visible leader as important for success.ConclusionsQuality improvement activities are essential. Healthcare professionals experience a complicated situation when electronic health record systems do not support workflow. Further research is recommended to focus on the functionality and user interface of electronic health record systems, and on the role of leadership when implementing changes in clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceStronger cooperation among policymakers, electronic health record system vendors, and healthcare professionals is essential for improving electronic health record systems and documentation practices. Involvement of end‐users in these improvements can make a difference in the way the systems are perceived in the clinical workflow.
Characterization of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSA) population by means of cluster analysis
Authors: Lacedonia Donato , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana , Sabato Roberto , Storto Maria Maddalena lo , Palmiotti Giuseppe Antonio , Capozzi Vito , Barbaro Maria Pia Foschino , Gallo Crescenzio 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSA) is being identified increasingly as an important health issue. It is typified by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep leading to occasional hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality. OSA is also being considered as an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, leading to increased multi‐morbidity and mortality. Cluster analysis, a powerful statistical set of techniques, may help in investigating and classifying homogeneous groups of patients with similar OSA characteristics. This study aims to investigate the (possible) different groups of patients in an OSA population, and to analyse the relationships among the main clinical variables in each group to better understand the impact of OSA on patients. Starting from a well‐characterized OSA population of 198 subjects afferent to our sleep centre, we identified three different communities of OSA patients. The first has a very severe disease [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) = 65.91 ± 22.47] and sleep disorder has a strong impact on daily life: a low level of diurnal partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (77.39 ± 11.64 mmHg) and a high prevalence of hypertension (64%); the second, with less severe disease (AHI = 28.88 ± 17.13), in which sleep disorders seem to be less important for diurnal PaO2 and have a minimum impact on comorbidity; and the last with very severe OSA (AHI = 57.26 ± 15.09) but with a low risk of nocturnal hypoxaemia (T90 = 11.58 ± 8.54) and less sleepy (Epworth Sleepiness Scale 10.00 ± 4.77).
Cross‐genera amplification of informative microsatellite markers from common bean and scarlet runner bean for assessment of genetic diversity in mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Pratap Aditya , Gupta Sanjeev , Tomar Rakhi , Malviya Nupur , Maurya Ramanuj , Pandey Vankat Raman , Mehandi Suhel , Singh Narendra Pratap 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMungbean (V. radiata) is an important Asiatic legume supplying inexpensive protein to a vast majority of vegetarian masses. To increase markers repertoire in mungbean, a study was conducted to analyse 384 microsatellite markers derived from common bean, scarlet runner bean and adzuki bean for their transferability and polymorphism. The results showed that 87 (24.71%) primer pairs could amplify DNA loci of 20 mungbean genotypes including one accession of V. trilobata, while 52 showed reliable banding and polymorphism. These showed different degrees of variability at each locus producing 250 alleles with the number of alleles varying from 2 to 9. The major allele frequency varied from 0.17 to 0.95, while the polymorphic information content of SSRs ranged between 0.09 and 0.86 with an average of 0.60 ± 0.16. UPGMA revealed three major clusters accommodating ~95% of the accessions while one accession of V. trilobata (‘NSB‐007’) did not group with any other genotype describing the discriminating power of informative microsatellites. This study identified a set of useful microsatellite markers to accelerate the genetic studies and breeding programme of mungbean.
Local dispersal of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici from isolated source lesions
Authors: Farber D. H. , Medlock J. , Mundt C. C. 
Published: May 2016

Understanding how disease foci arise from single source lesions has not been well studied. Here, single wheat leaves were inoculated with Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniospores, and all wheat leaves within two intersecting 0.3 × 3.0 m transects were sampled in eight replicates over 3 years. The lesions observed on each of the top three leaves on plants within 1.5 m from the source lesion were three‐dimensionally mapped. The total number of lesions within a 1.5 m radius was estimated by dividing the number of lesions observed within each 0.025 m‐wide annulus by the fraction of the annulus sampled. The estimated total number of lesions produced within 1.5 m of a single source lesion ranged from 27 to 776, with a mean of 288 lesions. Eighty percent of the lesions were recorded within 0.69 m of the source infection. The proportion of total lesions observed at a given distance from the source was fitted well by the Lomax and Weibull distributions, reflecting the large proportion of lesions arising close to the source, and when fitted by an inverse power distribution had a slope (b) of 2.5. There were more lesions produced on leaves higher in the canopy than on lower leaves, with more lesions being detected above than below the point of inoculation. Simultaneous measurement of lesion gradients and spore dispersal in the final year of the study suggests that this pattern is due to greater susceptibility of upper leaves, rather than increased dispersal to upper leaves.