bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El desarrollo de la Constitución social
Authors: Ruiz Rico Gerardo 
Published: January 2018

Resumen:La Constitución Española de 1978 reconoce un amplio catálogo dederechos sociales, pero no ha previsto instrumentos eficaces para su tutelajurídica. Los derechos sociales constitucionalizados se configuranante todo en forma de principios y mandatos dirigidos a los poderespúblicos, con escasas posibilidades de ser utilizados en el control deconstitucionalidad de las normas. La crisis económica y la constitucionalizacióndel principio de estabilidad presupuestaria han venidoa debilitar más aún su potencialidad normativa. La implantación delEstado Autonómico ha tenido como resultado una elevada dosis dedescentralización en materia de derechos sociales. Se hace necesariauna reforma constitucional que permita reforzar la eficacia de los derechosdel Estado social.Summary:1. Deficits and normative potentialities of social rights in the Spanish Constitution of 1978. 2. An approximation to the faltering constitutionaljurisprudence on social rights and their relative normative capacity. 3. Budgetary stability and economic crisis: new canons of constitutionality of social rights in legislation and constitutional jurisprudence. 4. The territorial development of the Social Constitution. 5. Conclusions: the Social state in a future Constitutione ferenda.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution of 1978 recognizes a wide catalog of social rights, but has not provided effective instruments for its legal protection. Constitutionalised social rights are shaped above all in the form of principles and mandates directed to public authorities, with little possibility of being used in the control of the constitutionality of norms. The economic crisis and the constitutionalisation of the principle of budgetary stability have further weakened its normative potentiality. The implementation of the Autonomous State has resulted in a high dose of decentralization in terms of social rights. A constitutional reform is necessary to strengthen the effectiveness of the rights of the Welfare state.
Regulación constitucional de la participación de los trabajadores en la economía y en la empresa
Authors: Colomer Viadel Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Resumen:En el texto de la Constitución española de 1978, se opta por un modelo participativo, que se refleja en los artículos 7 y 9, en el título VII (Economía y Hacienda) y, en particular, el artículo 129 que parece contener un programa revolucionario en relación con la economía y la empresa y el acceso de los trabajadores a la propiedad. Sin embargo, no ha existido la voluntad política de desarrollar toda la potencialidad de la Constitución. Incluso se ha disminuido la tendencia participativa, especialmente en el campo social y económico.Summary:Preliminary note. 1. Introduction. 2. The economic constitution. A. Participation in Social Security and other bodies on quality of life and overall well-being. B. Participation in the company and its community dimension. C. Cooperatives. D. The access of workers to the ownership of the means of production. The participation economy and the Social and solidarity economy.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution of 1978 opt for a participatory model, which is reflected in articles 7 and 9, in title VII (Economy and Finance) and, in particular, article 129 which seems to contain a revolutionary programme for the Economy and the companies, and the workers access to the property. However, there has been no political will to develop the full potential of the Constitution. Even declined the participatory trend, especially in the social and economic field.
Derecho constitucional económico: estabilidad presupuestaria y derechos sociales
Authors: Aranda Álvarez Elviro 
Published: January 2018

Resumen:La estabilidad presupuestaria y los límites a la deuda pública se han convertido en los principios referenciales de la política económica de la Unión Europea tras el paso por la crisis económica de los últimos años. La aplicación de estos principios supone hacer grandes recortes en el Estado del Bienestar que puede afectar sustancialmente a los derechos sociales e, incluso, el modelo de Estado de nuestro país. El presente artículo pretende dejar constancia que tanto la interpretación de esos principios como el nuevo artículo 135 de la CE deben ser interpretados de conformidad con las reglas económicas constitucionales que aseguran la vigencia del Estado social y democrático deDerecho.Summary:Introduction 1. Constitutional economic rules in the Spanish Constitution of 1978: the lack of a definite economic model and the diffuse reference to budget stability 2. Public spending as a key instrument in welfare state economic policies. 3. Justice principles regarding public spending contained in article 31.2 of the Spanish Constitution. 3. Budget stability in european law. evolution and goals. 4. The tense balance between economic and social rights and budget stability. Conclusions.Abstract:Budget stability and public debt limits have become key economic policy factors in the European Union in the wake of the recent economic crisis. The application of these principles involves major cuts to the Welfare State that may substantially affect social rights and even the model of State in our country. This article argues that both these principles and the new article 135 of the Spanish Constitution must be interpreted in accordance with constitutional economic rules that ensure the continuing validity of the social and democratic Statebased on the rule of law.
Aniversarios con luces y sombras: Constitución española, integración europea y ‘defectos estructurales’ de la UE
Authors: Pereira Menaut Antonio Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Resumen:En conjunto puede decirse que tanto la UE como la Constitución española de 1978 han sido grandes éxitos que ahora celebran sus aniversarios, pero ambas tienen problemas que deben ser resueltos. En el caso de la UE, parece haber un puñado de defectos estructurales difíciles de eliminar y que dificultan mucho solucionar el déficit democrático y la plena constitucionalización de la Unión. Los mismos defectos estructurales plantean la cuestión de hasta dónde puede llegar la integración europea, manteniendo, al mismo tiempo, la integridad constitucional española, o al menos no amenazándola. Nos inclinamos por abandonar el método funcionalista, pasar a un tipo de gobierno plenamente político y constitucional, y encaminarnos hacia un federalismo pluralista, más bien dual y del tipo del americano.Summary:I. By way of an introduction. II. Some points to start with. III. On federalism, once again. IV. Has european constitutionalism some structural failures? A. Constitutionalism and the functionalist method. B. The impact of the insufficient EU democracy on Spanish constitutionalism. C. Is the EU a pluralistic, multilevel political community composed of smaller, yet real, political communities? D. Globalisation, European constitutionalism, and Spanish constitutionalism. V. How much European integration is the Spanish constitution apt to admit of?Abstract:On the whole, one may safely say that both the EU and the 1978 Spanish Constitution have been runaway successes that are now about celebrating their anniversaries, yet both have problems that should be addressed to. In the case of the EU, there seems to exist a handful of structural failures that are not easy to remove and make very difficult to cope with the democratic deficit and the full constitutionalising of the Union. The same inbuilt failures pose the question of how far may European integration go while at the same time maintaining, or not menacing, the integrity of the Spanish Constitution. Our leanings go towards abandoning the functionalist method, embracing a fully political, constitutional rule, and making for a pluralistic, rather dual, American-like, kind of federalism.
Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and 40Ar/39Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential
Authors: Carrasco‐Núñez G. , Bernal J. P. , Dávila P. , Jicha B. , Giordano G. , Hernández J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLongevity and size of magmatic systems are fundamental factors for assessing the potential of a geothermal field. At Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC), the first caldera‐forming event was reported at 460 ± 40 ka. New zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dates of pre‐, syn‐ and postcaldera volcanics allow a reappraisal of the evolution of the geothermally active LHVC. The age of the voluminous Xaltipan ignimbrite (115 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]) associated with the formation of the Los Humeros caldera is now constrained by two geochronometers (zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dating) to 164 ± 4.2 ka, which postdates a long episode of precaldera volcanism (rhyolitic domes), the oldest age of which is 693.0 ± 1.9 ka (40Ar/39Ar). The inferred short residence time (around 5 ka) for the paroxysmal Xaltipan ignimbrite is indicative of rapid assembly of a large magma body and rejuvenation of the system due to recurrent recharge magmas, as it has been occurred in some other large magmatic systems. Younger ages than previously believed have been obtained also for the other voluminous explosive phases of the Faby fall tuff at ∼70 ka and the second caldera‐forming Zaragoza ignimbrite with 15 km3 DRE, which erupted immediately after. Thus, the time interval that separates the two caldera‐forming episodes at Los Humeros is only 94 kyr, which is a much shorter interval than suggested by previous K‐Ar dates (410 kyr). This temporal proximity allows us to propose a caldera stage encompassing the Xaltipan and the Zaragoza ignimbrites, followed by emplacement at 44.8 ± 1.7 ka of rhyolitic magmas interpreted to represent a postcaldera, resurgent stage. Rhyolitic eruptions have also occurred during the Holocene (<7.3 ± 0.1 ka) along with olivine‐rich basalts that suggest recharge of the system. The estimated large volume magmatic reservoir for Los Humeros (>∼1,200 km3) and these new ages indicating much younger caldera‐forming volcanism than previously believed are fundamental factors in the application of classical conductive models of heat resource, enhancing the heat production capacity and favor a higher geothermal potential.
Development of Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar Real‐Time Processing System With Adaptive Clutter Rejection
Authors: Hashiguchi H. , Manjo T. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtmospheric radars have the ability to continuously observe the height profiles of wind velocity vectors, across a wide height range, with high temporal resolution. They have been used for research, such as atmospheric gravity waves and meteorological phenomena, as well as for weather forecasting. For atmospheric radars, strong clutter echoes from surrounding hard targets, such as mountains or buildings, are the major source of interference. As they utilize very weak scattering from radio refractive index fluctuations produced by atmospheric turbulence, even weak echoes from low‐level sidelobes become a serious problem. In order to reject or suppress clutter echoes, it is effective to use the norm constrained‐directionally constrained minimization of power (NC‐DCMP) method, which creates a null toward the direction of the clutter, while maintaining the main lobe shape. We successfully implemented the NC‐DCMP adaptive processing in the real‐time processing system of the middle and upper atmosphere radar. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of real‐time processing of the clutter rejection. The primary advantage is enabling the estimation of wind velocity profiles in real time and the reduction of the amount of recorded data. The improvement of the wind estimation accuracy, especially for vertical flow, was confirmed from observation data recorded over a long period.
Analytical Solution for Interface Flow to a Sink With an Upconed Saline Water Lens: Strack's Regimes Revisited
Authors: Kacimov A. R. , Obnosov Y. V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA study is made of a steady, two‐dimensional groundwater flow with a horizontal well (drain), which pumps out freshwater from an aquifer sandwiched between a horizontal bedrock and ponded soil surface, and containing a lens‐shaped static volume of a heavier saline water (DNAPL‐dense nonaqueous phase liquid) as a free surface. For flow toward a line sink, an explicit analytical solution is obtained by a conformal mapping of the hexagon in the complex potential plane onto a reference plane and the Keldysh‐Sedov integral representation of a mixed boundary‐value problem for a complex physical coordinate. The interface is found as a function of the pumping rate, the well locus, the ratio of liquid densities, and the hydraulic heads at the soil surface and in the well. The shape with two inflexion points and fronts varies from a small‐thickness bedrock‐spread pancake to a critical curvilinear triangle, which cusps toward the sink. The problem is mathematically solvable in a relatively narrow band of geometric and hydraulic parameters. A similar analytic solution for a static heavy bubble confined by a closed‐curve interface (no contact with the bedrock) is outlined as an illustration of the method to solve a mixed boundary‐value problem.
Triboelectrification‐Enabled Self‐Powered Data Storage
Authors: Kuang Shuang Yang , Zhu Guang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractData storage by any means usually requires an electric driving power for writing or reading. A novel approach for self‐powered, triboelectrification‐enabled data storage (TEDS) is presented. Data are incorporated into a set of metal‐based surface patterns. As a probe slides across the patterned surface, triboelectrification between the scanning probe and the patterns produces alternatively varying voltage signal in quasi‐square wave. The trough and crest of the quasi‐square wave signal are coded as binary bits of “0” and “1,” respectively, while the time span of the trough and the crest is associated with the number of bits. The storage of letters and sentences is demonstrated through either square‐shaped or disc‐shaped surface patterns. Based on experimental data and numerical calculation, the theoretically predicted maximum data storage density could reach as high as 38.2 Gbit in−2. Demonstration of real‐time data retrieval is realized with the assistance of software interface. For the TEDS reported in this work, the measured voltage signal is self‐generated as a result of triboelectrification without the reliance on an external power source. This feature brings about not only low power consumption but also a much more simplified structure. Therefore, this work paves a new path to a unique approach of high‐density data storage that may have widespread applications.
T‐Shaped Benzimidazole Derivatives as Blue‐Emitting Materials: The Role of C2 Substituents on Photophysical Properties
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Bodedla Govardhana Babu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of a series of T‐shaped benzimidazole derivatives decorated with triphenylamine donors at positions C4 and C7 and various aromatic units at C2 are reported. The absorption properties of the dyes are predominantly influenced by the electronic properties of the benzimidazole and triphenylamine units, whereas the emission characteristics are determined by the nature of the aromatic segment at C2. All the compounds display blue emission with moderate quantum yields in solution and solid states. They displayed multiple quasi‐reversible oxidations originating from the triphenylamine units, demonstrating the electronic communication between these moieties. In addition, they showed high thermal stability with decomposition onset temperatures greater than 384 °C. The excited‐state lifetime of the dyes varied in the range 2.00–6.18 ns. A pyrene‐containing dye exhibited the longest lifetime in the series, attributable to the formation of excimers in the excited state.
Affective and cognitive religiosity: Influences on consumer reactance and self‐control
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelf‐control is regularly studied in the marketing literature in relation to spending and food consumption; however, little research has assessed trait characteristics that influence consumers' self‐control. Although prior research in other fields has shown a generally positive relationship between religiosity and self‐control, such research has often used poor measures of religiosity and has inadequately examined marketplace outcomes or factors underlying consumers' self‐controlled responses. Thus, the studies herein build on self‐regulation theory to address and extend from these limitations by examining the influence of religiosity, as a multidimensional construct (particularly affective and cognitive religiosity), on self‐control and resulting influences on marketplace behaviors. Findings reveal that priming affectively (cognitively) religious consumers leads to greater (lower) consumer self‐control with a religious message prime (Study 1) and religious writing task (Study 2). Additionally, findings show that psychological reactance is at the root of these responses (Study 3). Implications build on self‐regulation theory and the strength model of self‐control to show the importance of religiosity (particularly affective and cognitive religiosity), interactions with religious primes, and psychological reactance in understanding consumers' self‐control.
Continuous‐Flow Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclohexanones from Phenols using Sodium Formate as a Safe Hydrogen Source
Authors: Valentini Federica , Santillo Niccolò , Petrucci Chiara , Lanari Daniela , Petricci Elena , Taddei Maurizio , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report a procedure for the continuous‐flow production of cyclohexanone from phenol on the basis of the use of sodium formate as a biomass‐derived source of hydrogen and Pd/C as an easily accessible catalyst system. The reaction worked in water at pH 12.0 at 90 °C. By setting a packed reactor charged with the Pd/C catalyst (10 wt %) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1, we achieved continuous‐flow production of cyclohexanone in high yield with high selectivity and productivity.
Different compact hybrid Langmuir–Blodgett‐film coatings modify biomineralization and the ability of osteoblasts to grow
Authors: de Faria Amanda N. , Cruz Marcos A.E. , Ruiz Gília C.M. , Zancanela Daniela C. , Ciancaglini Pietro , Ramos Ana P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCalcium phosphates (CaPs) are biomaterials widely used in tissue regeneration with outstanding biological performance. Although the tremendous improvements achieved in CaP's materials research over the years, their interaction with physiological environments still need to be fully understood. The aim of this study is to explore a biomimetic Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membrane to template the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on Ti surfaces and the ability of these coatings in inducing biomineralization by osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Changing the phospholipids (i.e., dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) or octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA)), we also tuned the surface Ca2+ concentration. This structural feature gave rise to different LB‐hybrid surfaces where the concentration of Ca2+ in the OPA/HAp was higher than the concentration of Ca2+ in DHP/HAp coating. The higher Ca2+ amount on OPA/HAp coatings, allied to the physical–chemical features, lead to different responses on osteoblasts, stimulating or inhibiting the natural biomineralization. The OPA/HAp coating caused a delay in the osteoblast proliferation as indicated by the decrease in the cell viability at the 7th culture day. Improved cell differentiation triggered by the DHP/HAp coating resulted in higher osteoblast biomineralization. The present data underscore that besides both coatings being composed by HAp, the final interfacial composition and physical–chemical properties influence differently the osteoblast behavior. Although the best osteoblast's viability was found to OPA/HAp, our dataset attested that DHP/HAp induced mineralization more effectively than that. This unexpected finding highlight the importance of deeply understanding the biomaterial interface and suggest a promising approach to the design of biofunctional LB‐based coatings with tunable properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2524–2534, 2018.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Are Not Associated With Risk of Incident Ischemic Cardiac Events or Death: Findings From the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C , D'Angelo Stefania , Paccou Julien , Curtis Elizabeth M , Edwards Mark , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Walker-Bone Karen , Petersen Steffen E , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We investigated associations between calcium/vitamin D supplementation and incident cardiovascular events/deaths in a UK population-based cohort. UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort comprising 502,637 men and women aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment. Supplementation with calcium/vitamin D was self-reported, and information on incident hospital admission (ICD-10) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and subsequent death was obtained from linkage to national registers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate longitudinal relationships between calcium/vitamin D supplementation and hospital admission for men/women, controlling for covariates. A total of 475,255 participants (median age 58 years, 55.8% women) had complete data on calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Of that number, 33,437 participants reported taking calcium supplements; 19,089 vitamin D; and 10,007 both. In crude and adjusted analyses, there were no associations between use of calcium supplements and risk of incident hospital admission with either IHD, or subsequent death. Thus, for example, in unadjusted models, the hazard ratio (HR) for admission with myocardial infarction was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.20, p = 0.79) among women taking calcium supplementation. Corresponding HR for men is 1.16 (95% CI 0.92–1.46, p = 0.22). After full adjustment, HR (95% CI) were 0.82 (0.62–1.07), p = 0.14 among women and 1.12 (0.85–1.48), p = 0.41 among men. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for admission with IHD were 1.05 (0.92–1.19), p = 0.50 among women and 0.97 (0.82–1.15), p = 0.77 among men. Results were similar for vitamin D and combination supplementation. There were no associations with death, and in women, further adjustment for hormone-replacement therapy use did not alter the associations. In this very large prospective cohort, there was no evidence that use of calcium/vitamin D supplementation was associated with increased risk of hospital admission or death after ischemic cardiovascular events. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sarcolemmal excitability changes in normal human aging
Authors: Lee James H.F. , Boland‐Freitas Robert , Ng Karl 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The exact mechanisms underlying the loss of skeletal muscle bulk and power with normal human aging are not well established. Recording of muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs) is an in‐vivo neurophysiologic technique we employed to assess the impact of age on sarcolemmal excitability. Methods: MVRC recordings were obtained from tibialis anterior (n = 74) and rectus femoris (n = 32) muscles in 74 healthy subjects (18–84 years, median age 35 years, interquartile range 29–55 years). Results: Increasing age was linearly associated with longer muscle relative refractory period (MRRP) and reduced early supernormality (ESN) in both tibialis anterior (MRRP: r2 = 0.38, P < 0.001; ESN: r2 = 0.33, P < 0.001) and rectus femoris (MRRP: r2 = 0.30, P = 0.002; ESN: r2 = 0.19, P = 0.01) muscles. Discussion: The results are consistent with progressive depolarization of the resting sarcolemmal potential with normal aging. This may be an important mechanism in explaining age‐related muscle decline. Muscle Nerve 57: 981–988, 2018