bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structuring of Self and Twinship
Authors: y Ballarà F. Castellet , Bollea E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLatest psychoanalytical research, based on the integration of the genetic-reconstructive method and the observative-developmental one, points out that twinship presents specific difficulties in the structuring of Self. The unfavourable feature in the structuring of Self in twins is the sharing of the mother from the very beginning of in-trauterine cohabitation passing to the relative deficiency of primary maternal care. The clinical cases of two adult DZ twins under psychoanalytical – psychotherapy treatment are herein reported to emphasize: the defective formation of a sense of personal identity; the high recurrence of cross-projective identifications; and, the tendency to assume complementary roles and re-create bonds and relationships similar to the ones experienced with the cotwin. Within the therapeutic relationship, the following features come to light: the unconsciously fantasized presence of the other twin; the strong feelings of self depreciation, inability and angry emptiness. These feelings seem to enhance an adhesive transference, presenting difficulties in separating, strong ambivalence and fantasies of a continuous analysis with the analyst-twin. In the cases we report, the twin pair relationship with its dynamics, bound to the incomplete or defective structuring of Self, represents the essence of the relationship between the twin and the object.
Excessive Follicular Recruitment and Growth in Mothers of Spontaneous Dizygotic Twins
Authors: Martin N.G. , Shanley S. , Butt K. , Osborne J. , O'Brien G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe wished to establish the frequency, regularity and laterality of multiple ovulation in mothers of dizygotic (DZ) twins and controls. Subjects had regular menses and were not using oral contraceptives. Ovarian ultrasound scans were taken over a number of cycles in 21 mothers of DZ twins and 18 controls (including 13 mothers of monozygotic [MZ] twins). Multiple large follicles (≥ 12 mm diameter) were seen significantly more frequently in mothers of DZ twins (13/21 mothers, 24/77 cycles, average ± SE follicles/cycle 1.34 ± 0.11) than controls (2/18 mothers, 3/31 cycles, average 1.10±0.08). Both ipsilateral and contralateral multiple follicles were observed. In one case a mother of DZ twins showed multiple large follicles in 7 out of 10 cycles in which she was scanned, including both ipsi-and contralateral patterns of occurrence.
Time Trends in Neonatal Mortality Among Twins and Singletons in New York City, 1968–1986
Authors: Kiely J.L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compute yearly neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) in twins and compare these to rates in singletons during the same time period. The focus was on time trends in birthweight-specific twin mortality in the birth population of New York City during the years 1968 to 1986. The study population was all twin livebirths ≥ 500 g birthweight (N = 45,605), with a comparison group of all singleton livebirths in the same birthweight range (N = 2,191,144). Data came from the New York City Department of Health's computerized vital records on livebirths and infant deaths. Between 1968 and 1986 the crude NMR declined 39% in twins and 47% in singletons. In twins there were birthweight-specific declines of 69% to 84% between 1000 g and 2499 g. However, there was only a 19% decline in the twin NMR over 2499 g. This contrasts with a 50% decline in the singleton NMR over 2499 g. In New York City, modern medical care has been remarkably successful in lowering the NMR in low birthweight twins. However, more effort must be made to understand the etiology of perinatal problems in twins with birth weights greater than 2500 g.
Population-Based Twin Registries: Illustrative Applications in Genetic Epidemiology and Behavioral Genetics from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study
Authors: Kaprio J. , Koskenvuo M. , Rose R.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe population-based twin registries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden represent an extraordinary resource for scientific research. Although each register has its own history and composition, they share certain common qualities. All the Nordic countries have a long tradition of population registration, a high standard of living and health-related registers of high quality. The large size of the registers means that they are uniquely placed for representative studies of rare occurrences. Examples of studies that these registers make possible are illustrated with data from the Finnish Twin Cohort, which in its first phase consisted of over 17,000 like-sexed twin pairs born before 1958. It has been recently expanded to include multiple births between 1958 and 1986 (nearly 23,000 sets) and their first-degree relatives. During this period the DZ/MZ ratio decreased, while an increase in MZ twinning rates was observed between 1974 and 1986.
Characteristics of Participants and Nonparticipants in the NHLBI Twin Study
Authors: Fabsitz R.R. , Kalousdian S. , Carmelli D. , Robinette D. , Christian J.C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe NHLBI Twin Study is a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in 514 pairs of white, middle aged, male, veteran twins. The initial examination took place between 1969-1973. Ten years later, 81% of the living cohort returned for a second examination. Data collected up to 30 years prior to recruitment for the initial examination were used to characterize participants and nonparticipants; data from the initial examination were used to characterize returnees and nonreturnees to the second examination. Participants had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure and higher socioeconomic status than nonparticipants as measured thirty years earlier. Between the first and second examinations, the mortality of participants was less than 50% of the mortality of nonparticipants. Returnees to the second examination had a better health profile at the initial examination than nonreturnees, with significantly lower levels of cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and diabetes and higher levels of pulmonary function. However, returnees were more obese than nonreturnees. Thus, this study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins appears to be affected by response bias in a way similar to studies of individuals. Additional analyses of biases that may affect the genetic component of the study indicated that factors related to classical twin analyses were relatively unaffected by selection.
Twin Study: Relationship between Birth Weight, Zygosity, Placentation, and Pathologic Placental Changes
Authors: Ramos-Arroyo M.A. , Ulbright T.M. , Yu P.-L. , Christian J.C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe examined the placentas of 182 like-sexed live-born twins: 73 placentas (40.1%) were monochorionic and 109 (59.9%) were dichorionic. All twin pairs with monochorionic placentas were monozygotic (MZ), but 28.9% of pairs with dichorionic placentas were MZ. Analysis of birth weights demonstrated that dichorionic and dizygotic (DZ) twins were heaviest, and suggested that the chorion status is a more important determinant of birth weight than zygosity. Vascular anastomoses were identified only in monochorionic placentas and occurred in 79.5% of cases. All placentas with deep anastomoses had superficial anastomoses. A higher proportion of velamentous and marginai insertions of the umbilical cord in monochorionic placentas (27.4%) compared to dichorionic placentas (13.8%) supports the belief that lateral placental growth is greatest in twin gestations in which the embryos are initially most closely apposed — The theory of trophotropism.
Perinatal Mortality in Twins, Australia, 1973-1980: II. Maternal Age, Lethal Congenital Malformations and Sex
Authors: Doherty John D.H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe influence of maternal age and congenital malformations on perinatal mortality in twins in Australia from 1973 to 1980, is described. Stillbirths and neonatal deaths in twins fell with advancing maternal age. For teenage mothers, the twin perinatal mortality rate was 127.15/1,000. The sex ratio in twins is closer to unity than in singletons. Perinatal mortality due to malformation fell as maternal age increased up to 35 years. The role of zygosity and the distribution of birth weight with maternal age are discussed.
Is the Quality of Care in Twins and in Singletons Related?
Authors: Buekens P. , Derom R. , Dramaix M. , Kavadias M. , Thiery M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe investigated if it is possible to use the data collected in twins to identify areas with high rates of operative deliveries, preterm deliveries and low birthweight infants in singletons. Our data correspond to all deliveries registered in Belgium in 1983. A significant correlation was found between the rates of cesarean sections in twins and in singletons. A significant correlation was also found between the rate of deliveries at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks in twins and the rate of deliveries at less than 37 weeks in singletons. However, correlations between other preterm rates, low birthweight rates and vacuum extraction or forceps rates, were nonsignificant. We conclude that the use of twins as tracers of the quality of care in singletons is of limited value.
On the Cause of the Retardation of Fetal Growth in Multiple Gestations
Authors: Bleker O.P. , Oosting J. , Hemrika D.J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe birthweights and placental weights of 3000 singletons, 1500 twin pairs and 67 triplets are studied in relation to the gestational age. From 30-32 weeks onwards, newborns of twin- and triplet gestation show lower birthweight as compared to singleton newborns. Placental indices (placental weights related to birthweights) are about alike in singletons, twins and triplets. From about 24 weeks onwards placental weights of twin and triplet newborns are smaller as compared to those of singletons. Obviously, children in multiple gestations become growth retarded, preceded by and very likely due to poor early placental development (placental crowding of the uterus).
Triplet and Higher-Order Births: What Is the Optimal Delivery Route?
Authors: Thiery M. , Kermans G. , Derom R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractData concerning 16 triplet and higher-order deliveries (resulting in a total of 56 infants) are reviewed. The vaginal delivery rate was 81%. Maternal morbidity was more serious after abdominal delivery. Prematurity (< 36 weeks gestation) rate amounted to 68%. Overall perinatal and neonatal mortalities for infants born after 28 weeks gestation and weighing at least 1000 g were 7% and 3%, respectively. We doubt that neonatal outcome could have been markedly improved by performing more cesareans. The importance of antenatal care is stressed.
The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: Ascertainment Bias
Authors: Goldberg J. , True W. , Eisen S. , Henderson W. , Robinette C.D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn examination of ascertainment bias in identification of twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry has been conducted. A complete listing of all male-male Vietnam era veteran twin pairs born in Connecticut between 1939 and 1955 was obtained (N = 150). An attempt was made to match these pairs with a listing of Vietnam era veteran twin pairs derived from the United States Department of Defense's Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) computer files. The results indicate that the DMDC files identified only 46.7% of the 150 Connecticut born Vietnam era veteran pairs. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between pairs found on the DMDC files and Connecticut veteran pairs missing from the DMDC files are observed for the following variables: a) year of discharge from military service, b) total length of active military service, c) branch of service, and d) foreign service. No consistent pattern of bias is observed for factors related to the physical and psychosocial healt of veteran pairs. The implications of the ascertainment biases in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry are discussed.
Prune Belly Syndrome and Heart Defect in One of Monozygotic Twins, Following Exposure to Tigan and Bendectin
Authors: Greene C. , Wilson A. , Shapira E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOne of twins was bom with prune belly syndrome and congenital heart defect following exposure to Bendectin and Tigan. Red cell antigens and HLA typing were compatible with monozygosity. The possible associations of the prune belly syndrome to monozygotic twinning or to teratogenic agents is considered in light of this patient and review of the literature.
Incorporation of Twins in the Regressive Logistic Model for Pedigree Disease Data
Authors: Hopper J.L. , Carlin J.B. , Macaskill G.T. , Derrick P.L. , Flander L.B. , Giles G.G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSegregation and twin disease concordance analyses have assumed a theoretical underlying liability following a multivariate normal distribution. For reasons of computation, of incorporation of measured explanatory variables, and of testing of fit and assumptions, newer analytical methods are being developed. The regressive logistic model (RLM) relies on expressing the pedigree likelihood as a product of conditional probabilities, one for each individual. In addition to logistic regression modelling of measured epidemiological variables on disease prevalence, there is modelling of vertical transmission, of transmission of unmeasured genotypes and of sibship environment. This paper discusses methods for the analysis of binary traits in twins and in pedigrees. Some extensions to the RLM for pedigrees which include twins are proposed. These enable exploration of twin concordance in the context of the twins' common parenthood, the sibship similarities within the family, and the twins' similarity in age, sex, genes and environment.
Genetic Variance and Heritability of Serum Cholesterol and Triglycerides Among Chinese Twin Neonates
Authors: Chen C.-J. , Yu M.-W. , Wang C.-J. , Tong S.-L. , Tien M. , Lee T.-Y. , Lue H.-C. , Huang F.-Y. , Lan C.-C. , Yang K.-H. , Wang H.-C. , Shin H.-Y. , Liu C.-Y. , Chen J.-S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn order to examine the genetic variance and heritability of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, a total of 349 pairs of same-sexed twin neonates born in four major general teaching hospitals in Taipei City were studied. Based on the placental pattern and 12 red blood cell antigens, 271 monozygotic (MZ) and 78 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were identified. There was a significant genetic variance for total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides both unadjusted and adjusted for sex, gestational age and placentation. The unadjusted heritability of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides was 0.59, 0.30, 0.25 and 0.75, respectively; while the corresponding adjusted heritability was 0.74, 0.38, 0.31, and 0.49, respectively. Intrapair variance of serum lipids was not significantly different between monochorionic and dichorionic MZ twins.
A Fall in the Rate of Multiple Births in Ibadan and Igbo Ora, Nigeria
Authors: Marinho A.O. , Ilesanmi A.O. , Ladele O.A. , Asuni O.H. , Omigbodun A. , Oyejide C.O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe twinning, triplet and quadruplet rates were found to be 23.8, 0.3 and 0.04 per thousand maternities, respectively in a survey of 71,773 maternities carried out in Ibadan and Igbo Ora, Nigeria. This represents a dramatic fall from the rates found in previous studies. The findings are discussed in the light of changing dietary habits.
Environmental Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chinese Adolescent Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Chen C.J. , Cohen B.H. , Diamond E.L. , Lin T.M. , Chen J.S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe monozygotic (MZ) cotwin control method was employed to elucidate possible environmental determinants of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A population-based twin sample of 73 male and 77 females MZ twin pairs was recruited from 12 junior high schools in Taipei city. Intrapair differences in blood pressure were negatively associated with intrapair difference in vegetable preference, attaining significance for DBP in males and SBP in females. Cholesterol was positively associated with milk consumption and preference for sweets, fried foods, meat and fish. A negative association was also observed between choleserol and vegetable preference. These associations for cholesterol were significant in males only. Triglyceride level negatively associated with preferences for sweets and vegetable, attaining significance for vegetables in both males and females and for sweets in males only.
Effects of Gene-Environment Interactions on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chinese Adolescent Twins
Authors: Chen C.J. , Cohen B.H. , Diamond E.L. , Lin T.M. , Chen J.S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA population-based sample of 73 male and 77 female monozygotic (MZ), and 41 male and 33 female dizygotic (DZ) Chinese adolescent twin pairs were studied to assess effects of gene-environment interactions of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Intrapair concordance in BP levels was found to be significantly associated with the interaction of zygosity and salty foods preference and also with that of zygosity and vegetable preference. A consistently positive and statistically significant association was observed between the intrapair difference in serum cholesterol and the interaction of zygosity and animal organ preference; while intrapair concordance in serum cholesterol was associated with the interaction of zygosity and milk consumption. Intrapair difference in serum triglycerides was associated with the interaction of zygosity and fish preference, and a significant association was also found between the intrapair concordance in serum triglycerides and the interaction of zygosity and sweets preference. These observations suggest that the impact of these environmental agents may be influenced by the genotype.
High Resolution Atrial Depolarization of MZ Twins Detected by Surface Signal Averaging Technique
Authors: A. Sciacca  , Gedda L. , Campbell S. Villatico , Brenci G. , Maio F. Di , Verallo P. , Baciarello G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh resolution tracings of atrial depolarization can be obtained by surface signal averaging technique. A study was conducted on 4 male and 4 female healthy MZ twin pairs aged 10.4 ± 1.3 yrs. Each subject underwent 3 or more recordings, at 10-days intervals. The essential reproducibility could be confirmed, with personal characteristics, as well as the reliability of the technique and the electrophysiological value of the spikes complex. In 3/8 pairs the cotwins showed a significant likeness of the atriogram, while in 5/8 pairs the tracings were not quite resembling between the twins and that is attributed to variations in the chronogenetic characteristics of MZ twins.
Distinguishing Fetal and Maternal Genetic Effects on Variation in Birth Weight
Authors: Magnus P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn an attempt to uncover the causes of variation in birth weight for 13,970 offspring of MZ and DZ twins, several models were tested. Mean squares from nested analysis of variance were analysed with respect to fetal and maternal effects on variation in birth weight. The major part of the total variation in birth weight was found to be due to effects of genes. The contribution of fetal genes was larger than the contribution of maternal genes. About 11% of the variation could be attributed to effects of interactions between fetal and maternal genes. However, in this data set, the interaction variance could not be distinguished from variance due to fetal dominance or to effects of common environment of sibs.
Twinning and Inbreeding in India: The Fraternal Component
Authors: Goswami H.K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is suggested that the rise in a population depends not only on the number of females per thousand males, their fecundability, and the survival of offspring (mean live births), but also on the genetic background or inbreeding status of the fetuses. Abortions and stillbirths add to the interference. A hypothetical formula has been devised , where Mb = mean birth rate, G = growth percentage of population sample from preceding Census, F = inbreeding coefficient, Sa = Stillbirths + abortions, and Sr = Sex ratio. It is intriguing that the product, being termed Fraternal Component (FC), is found to be almost equal to the DZ twinning rate of the population sample. Should that be confirmed, one could perphaps estimate the DZ twinning rate by an altogether new approach.
The Offspring of Twins as Sampling Units in Pedigree Analysis of Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Kramer Andrew A. , Corey Linda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA statistical model was developed to determine the likelihood of a twin kinship, that is, the offspring of a pair of monozygotic or dizygotic twins under three types of inheritance: sporadic, single locus fetal genetic, and single locus maternal genetic. Samples of 8,000 kinships were simulated for a discrete trait under various hypotheses, and the likelihood determined for each type of etiology. The results indicated that the pedigree analysis procedures formulated here could efficiently detect sporadic or single locus effects with a power approaching 100%, although the parameter estimates obtained were slightly biased. Further analyses revealed that the type of pedigree analysis formulated in this study was found to have equivalent power for equal or unequal frequencies of kinships by the sex and zygosity of the twin parent. It was suggested that further studies be carried out that included the twins and spouses in the likelihood equations, as well as tests of more sophisticated models.
The Death of a Newborn Twin: How Can Support for Parents Be Improved?
Authors: Bryan Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe experiences and needs of mothers who lose a newborn twin were explored by sending semistructured questionnaires to 14 bereaved mothers. All mothers continued to think of the surviving child as a twin. Six had feelings of resentment towards the survivor. All felt their loss had been underestimated. Support could be improved by acknowledging the mother's grief and encouraging her to talk about the dead baby. Zygosity should be determined and reminders, such as photographs (of the babies together) and ultrasound scans, provided. All parents should be offered counselling and the opportunity to meet similarly bereaved parents.
Forms of Family Reorganization Following the Birth of Twins
Authors: Robin M. , Josse D. , Tourrette C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA survey questionnaire of 200 families with 2-month-old twins assesses the economic, social and psychological impact of the arrival of twins on family life. The study shows the extent of material difficulties mothers of twins are confronted with, and the ways they cope with them — recourse to mother's helpers, assistance from the father and other members of the family (analyzed in terms of parity and socioeconomic/cultural status), twincare organization strategies, and impact on the decision to stop working. The findings provide an overall picture of the real situation, a necessary prerequisite to an understanding of psychological problems.