bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil organic carbon in croplands subjected to fertilizer management: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Han Pengfei , Zhang Wen , Wang Guocheng , Sun Wenjuan , Huang Yao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCropland soil organic carbon (SOC) is undergoing substantial alterations due to both environmental and anthropogenic changes. Although numerous case studies have been conducted, there remains a lack of quantification of the consequences of such environmental and anthropogenic changes on the SOC sequestration across global agricultural systems. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of SOC changes under different fertilizer managements, namely unbalanced application of chemical fertilizers (UCF), balanced application of chemical fertilizers (CF), chemical fertilizers with straw application (CFS), and chemical fertilizers with manure application (CFM). We show that topsoil organic carbon (C) increased by 0.9 (0.7–1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)) g kg−1 (10.0%, relative change, hereafter the same), 1.7 (1.2–2.3) g kg−1 (15.4%), 2.0 (1.9–2.2) g kg−1 (19.5%) and 3.5 (3.2–3.8) g kg−1 (36.2%) under UCF, CF, CFS and CFM, respectively. The C sequestration durations were estimated as 28–73 years under CFS and 26–117 years under CFM but with high variability across climatic regions. At least 2.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 C input is needed to maintain the SOC in ~85% cases. We highlight a great C sequestration potential of applying CF, and adopting CFS and CFM is highly important for either improving or maintaining current SOC stocks across all agro–ecosystems.
Radio frequency spectral characterization and model parameters extraction of high Q optical resonators
Authors: Abdallah Zeina , Boucher Yann G. , Fernandez Arnaud , Balac Stéphane , Llopis Olivier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA microwave domain characterization approach is proposed to determine the properties of high quality factor optical resonators. This approach features a very high precision in frequency and aims to acquire a full knowledge of the complex transfer function (amplitude and phase) characterizing an optical resonator using a microwave vector network analyzer. It is able to discriminate between the different coupling regimes, from the under-coupling to the selective amplification, and it is used together with a model from which the main resonator parameters are extracted, i.e. coupling factor, intrinsic losses, phase slope, intrinsic and external quality factor.
The changing shape of vaccination: improving immune responses through geometrical variations of a microdevice for immunization
Authors: Crichton Michael Lawrence , Muller David Alexander , Depelsenaire Alexandra Christina Isabelle , Pearson Frances Elizabeth , Wei Jonathan , Coffey Jacob , Zhang Jin , Fernando Germain J. P. , Kendall Mark Anthony Fernance 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicro-device use for vaccination has grown in the past decade, with the promise of ease-of-use, painless application, stable solid formulations and greater immune response generation. However, the designs of the highly immunogenic devices (e.g. the gene gun, Nanopatch or laser adjuvantation) require significant energy to enter the skin (30–90 mJ). Within this study, we explore a way to more effectively use energy for skin penetration and vaccination. These modifications change the Nanopatch projections from cylindrical/conical shapes with a density of 20,000 per cm2 to flat-shaped protrusions at 8,000 per cm2, whilst maintaining the surface area and volume that is placed within the skin. We show that this design results in more efficient surface crack initiations, allowing the energy to be more efficiently be deployed through the projections into the skin, with a significant overall increase in penetration depth (50%). Furthermore, we measured a significant increase in localized skin cell death (>2 fold), and resultant infiltrate of cells (monocytes and neutrophils). Using a commercial seasonal trivalent human influenza vaccine (Fluvax 2014), our new patch design resulted in an immune response equivalent to intramuscular injection with approximately 1000 fold less dose, while also being a practical device conceptually suited to widespread vaccination.
CHRNA7 Polymorphisms and Dementia Risk: Interactions with Apolipoprotein ε4 and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Weng Pei-Hsuan , Chen Jen-Hau , Chen Ta-Fu , Sun Yu , Wen Li-Li , Yip Ping-Keung , Chu Yi-Min , Chen Yen-Ching 
Published: June 2016

Abstractα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR, encoded byCHRNA7) is involved in dementia pathogenesis through cholinergic neurotransmission, neuroprotection and interactions with amyloid-β. Smoking promotes atherosclerosis and increases dementia risk, but nicotine exerts neuroprotective effect via α7nAChR in preclinical studies. No studies explored the gene-gene, gene-environment interactions betweenCHRNA7polymorphism, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and smoking on dementia risk. This case-control study recruited 254 late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and 115 vascular dementia (VaD) cases (age ≥65) from the neurology clinics of three teaching hospitals in Taiwan during 2007–2010. Controls (N = 435) were recruited from health checkup programs and volunteers during the same period. NineCHRNA7haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms representative for Taiwanese were genotyped. AmongAPOEε4 non-carriers, CHRNA7rs7179008 variant carriers had significantly decreased LOAD risk after correction for multiple tests (GG + AG vs. AA: adjusted odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.64,P = 0.002). Similar findings were observed for carriers of GT haplotype inCHRNA7block4. A significant interaction was found between rs7179008, GT haplotype in block4 andAPOEε4 on LOAD risk. rs7179008 variant also reduced the detrimental effect of smoking on LOAD risk. No significant association was found betweenCHRNA7and VaD. These findings help to understand dementia pathogenesis.
Glacial melting: an overlooked threat to Antarctic krill
Authors: Fuentes Verónica , Alurralde Gastón , Meyer Bettina , Aguirre Gastón E. , Canepa Antonio , Wölfl Anne-Cathrin , Hass H. Christian , Williams Gabriela N. , Schloss Irene R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStrandings of marine animals are relatively common in marine systems. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We observed mass strandings of krill in Antarctica that appeared to be linked to the presence of glacial meltwater. Climate-induced glacial meltwater leads to an increased occurrence of suspended particles in the sea, which is known to affect the physiology of aquatic organisms. Here, we study the effect of suspended inorganic particles on krill in relation to krill mortality events observed in Potter Cove, Antarctica, between 2003 and 2012. The experimental results showed that large quantities of lithogenic particles affected krill feeding, absorption capacity and performance after only 24 h of exposure. Negative effects were related to both the threshold concentrations and the size of the suspended particles. Analysis of the stomach contents of stranded krill showed large quantities of large particles ( > 106μm3), which were most likely mobilized by glacial meltwater. Ongoing climate-induced glacial melting may impact the coastal ecosystems of Antarctica that rely on krill.
MicroRNA-449a enhances radiosensitivity by downregulation of c-Myc in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Mao Aihong , Zhao Qiuyue , Zhou Xin , Sun Chao , Si Jing , Zhou Rong , Gan Lu , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR). c-Myc is reduced when cells treated with IR or other DNA damaging agents. It is unknown whether miRNAs participate in c-Myc downregulation in response to IR. In the present study, we found that miR-449a enhanced radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo by targeting c-Myc in prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells. MiR-449a was upregulated and c-Myc was downregulated in response to IR in LNCaP cells. Overexpression of miR-449a or knockdown of c-Myc promoted the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to IR. By establishing c-Myc as a direct target of miR-449a, we revealed that miR-449a enhanced radiosensitivity by repressing c-Myc expression in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, we showed that miR-449a enhanced radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest by directly downregulating c-Myc, which controlled the Cdc2/CyclinB1 cell cycle signal by modulating Cdc25A. These results highlight an unrecognized mechanism of miR-449a-mediated c-Myc regulation in response to IR and may provide alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Single-trial prediction of reaction time variability from MEG brain activity
Authors: Ohata Ryu , Ogawa Kenji , Imamizu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeural activity prior to movement onset contains essential information for predictive assistance for humans using brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs). Even though previous studies successfully predicted different goals for upcoming movements, it is unclear whether non-invasive recording signals contain the information to predict trial-by-trial behavioral variability under the same movement. In this paper, we examined the predictability of subsequent short or long reaction times (RTs) from magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in a delayed-reach task. The difference in RTs was classified significantly above chance from 550 ms before the go-signal onset using the cortical currents in the premotor cortex. Significantly above-chance classification was performed in the lateral prefrontal and the right inferior parietal cortices at the late stage of the delay period. Thus, inter-trial variability in RTs is predictable information. Our study provides a proof-of-concept of the future development of non-invasive BMIs to prevent delayed movements.
Prevalence and Nature of Hearing Loss in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Van Eynde Charlotte , Swillen Ann , Lambeens Elien , Verhaert Nicolas , Desloovere Christian , Luts Heleen , Poorten Vincent Vander , Devriendt Koenraad , Hens Greet 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence, type, severity, and age-dependency of hearing loss in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Method
Extensive audiological measurements were conducted in 40 persons with proven 22q11.2 deletion (aged 6–36 years). Besides air and bone conduction thresholds in the frequency range between 0.125 and 8.000 kHz, high-frequency thresholds up to 16.000 kHz were determined and tympanometry, acoustic reflex (AR) measurement, and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing were performed.

Results
Hearing loss was identified in 59% of the tested ears and was mainly conductive in nature. In addition, a high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss with down-sloping curve was found in the majority of patients. Aberrant tympanometric results were recorded in 39% of the ears. In 85% of ears with a Type A or C tympanometric peak, ARs were absent. A DPOAE response in at least 6 frequencies was present in only 23% of the ears with a hearing threshold ≤30 dB HL. In patients above 14 years of age, there was a significantly lower percentage of measurable DPOAEs.

Conclusion
Hearing loss in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is highly prevalent and both conductive and high-frequency sensorineural in nature. The age-dependent absence of DPOAEs in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome suggests cochlear damage underlying the high-frequency hearing loss.
Narratives in Two Languages: Storytelling of Bilingual Cantonese–English Preschoolers
Authors: Rezzonico Stefano , Goldberg Ahuva , Mak Katy Ka-Yan , Yap Stephanie , Milburn Trelani , Belletti Adriana , Girolametto Luigi 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare narratives generated by 4-year-old and 5-year-old children who were bilingual in English and Cantonese.MethodThe sample included 47 children (23 who were 4 years old and 24 who were 5 years old) living in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who spoke both Cantonese and English. The participants spoke and heard predominantly Cantonese in the home. Participants generated a story in English and Cantonese by using a wordless picture book; language order was counterbalanced. Data were transcribed and coded for story grammar, morphosyntactic quality, mean length of utterance in words, and the number of different words.ResultsRepeated measures analysis of variance revealed higher story grammar scores in English than in Cantonese, but no other significant main effects of language were observed. Analyses also revealed that older children had higher story grammar, mean length of utterance in words, and morphosyntactic quality scores than younger children in both languages. Hierarchical regressions indicated that Cantonese story grammar predicted English story grammar and Cantonese microstructure predicted English microstructure. However, no correlation was observed between Cantonese and English morphosyntactic quality.ConclusionsThe results of this study have implications for speech-language pathologists who collect narratives in Cantonese and English from bilingual preschoolers. The results suggest that there is a possible transfer in narrative abilities between the two languages.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963805
Revised Conceptual Framework of Parent-to-Parent Support for Parents of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Henderson Rebecca J. , Johnson Andrew M. , Moodie Sheila T. 
Published: June 2016

Background
A scoping review of the literature was conducted, resulting in the development of a conceptual framework of parent-to-parent support for parents with children who are Deaf or hard of hearing. This is the 2nd stage of a dual-stage scoping review.

Purpose
This study sought stakeholder opinion and feedback with an aim to achieve consensus on the constructs, components, and design of the initial conceptual framework.

Research Design

A modified electronic Delphi study was completed with 21 handpicked experts from 7 countries who have experience in provision, research, or experience in the area of parent-to-parent support. Participants completed an online questionnaire using an 11-point Likert scale (
strongly disagree
to
strongly agree
) and open-ended questions to answer various questions related to the descriptor terms, definitions, constructs, components, and overall design of the framework.

Results
Participant responses led to the revision of the original conceptual framework.

Conclusion
The findings from this dual-stage scoping review and electronic Delphi study provide a conceptual framework that defines the vital contribution of parents in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs that will be a useful addition to these programs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170186
Fixed frequency broadside–endfire beam steerable antennas
Authors: Majumdar B. , Esselle K.P. 
Published: June 2016

A novel reconfigurable broadside–endfire microstrip antenna is proposed. The beam steering is achieved by reconfiguring the ground plane. The ground plane can be reconfigured either into a high‐impedance surface for broadside radiation or into a surface waveguide for endfire radiation. A DC bias line, not connected to the folded dipole feed in any way, is used to switch the PIN diodes. PIN diodes are soldered on the back of the antenna and have no possibility of interfering with the feed. The proposed antenna is designed to work at the ISM 2.45 GHz band with a combined 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 110 MHz and a combined radiation coverage of 133° on the H‐plane. A 5 V power supply or a 9 V battery can be used to operate the active antenna.
Wavelet de‐noising Kalman filter‐based Global Navigation Satellite System carrier tracking in the presence of ionospheric scintillation
Authors: Sun Pengyue , Tang Xiaomei , Huang Yangbo , Sun Guangfu 
Published: June 2016

Ionospheric scintillation can cause rapid changes in the phase and amplitude of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, resulting in degraded accuracy and robustness of signal tracking loops. Owing to the non‐stationarity and non‐linearity of carrier tracking under scintillation conditions, the conventional methods used to enhance the robustness of tracking loops are less effective. To overcome this problem, this study presents a wavelet de‐noising adaptive Kalman filter (AKF)‐based GNSS carrier tracking algorithm. Since the traditional wavelet de‐noising cannot be conducted iteratively, the authors provide a sliding window‐based online wavelet de‐noising method to mitigate non‐stationary and non‐Gaussian noise caused by scintillation. After that, taking the de‐noised integration as input, they employ the phase lock indicator‐based AKF carrier phase estimation to avoid the nonlinearity of conventional discriminator. On this basis, the joint wavelet de‐noising AKF algorithm is applied to the carrier tracking in the presence of ionospheric scintillation. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and robustness significantly, especially in the case of practical carrier‐to‐noise ratio (40 dB Hz) in moderate scintillation, the phase jitter and probability of loss‐of‐lock decrease about 7.5° (46%) and 73%, respectively.
Ebstein’s Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve in the Fetus – A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Gottschalk Ingo , Gottschalk Lea , Stressig Rüdiger , Ritgen Jochen , Herberg Ulrike , Breuer Johannes , Oberhoffer Renate , Willruth Arne , Strizek Brigitte , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Berg Christoph 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose To assess the spectrum of associated anomalies, the intrauterine course, the outcome and possible prognostic markers in prenatally diagnosed Ebstein’s anomaly (EA).
Materials and Methods All cases of EA diagnosed over a period of 13 years with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were retrospectively collected in 4 tertiary referral centers in Germany.
Results In the study period 76 cases of EA were prenatally diagnosed. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 25.0 weeks (range: 13 – 35). 41 (53.9 %) cases were isolated and 35 (46.1 %) had other cardiac and/or extracardiac anomalies. 19 (25.0 %) pregnant women opted for termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death occurred in 7 cases (9.2 %), neonatal death in 14 cases (18.4 %), death in infancy or childhood in 9 cases (11.8 %) and 27 children (35.5 %) were alive at the last follow-up. After exclusion of terminations, the only parameter inversely correlated with intrauterine survival was hydrops fetalis. Prognostic parameters significantly associated with postnatal non-survival were an abnormal Celermajer index (right atrium/heart ratio > 0.7), cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic circumference ratio > 0.5), absence of antegrade flow over the pulmonary valve and earlier diagnosis in pregnancy.
Conclusion Prenatally diagnosed EA has a high morbidity and mortality with the highest loss rate in the intrauterine and neonatal period. In our study, hydrops fetalis was the only parameter significantly associated with intrauterine demise, while other prenatal markers were only significantly associated with postnatal mortality.
Applying Portfolio Management to Implement Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management (EBFM)
Authors: Di Jin  , DePiper Geret , Hoagland Porter 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Portfolio management has been suggested as a tool to help implement ecosystem-based fisheries management. The portfolio approach involves the application of financial portfolio theory to multispecies fishery management to account for species interdependencies, uncertainty, and sustainability constraints. By considering covariance among species, this approach allows economic risks and returns to be calculated across varying combinations of stock sizes. Trade-offs between expected aggregate returns and portfolio risk can thus be assessed. We develop a procedure for constructing portfolio models to help implement ecosystem-based fisheries management in the northeastern United States, using harvest data from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Extending the work of Sanchirico et al. (2008), we propose a measure of excessive risk taking, which may be used by managers to monitor signals of nonoptimal harvests. In addition, we conduct portfolio assessments of historical commercial fishing performance at different accounting stances: the large marine ecosystem, the New England region, and the community (fishing ports). We show that portfolio analysis could inform management at each level. Results of the study suggest that excessive risk taking is associated with overfishing, and risk management is therefore important for ensuring sustainability.
Received June 28, 2015; accepted January 14, 2016 Published online June 1, 2016
Factors Affecting Prestocking Coded Wire Tag Loss in Lake Trout Tagged by an Automated System
Authors: Kornis Matthew S. , Pankow Kevin W. , Lane Allen A. , Webster James L. , Bronte Charles R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Tag loss is an important consideration in tagging studies. We used two approaches to describe prestocking coded wire tag (CWT) loss in Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush tagged by an automated tagging system and released in the Laurentian Great Lakes. First, four strains of Lake Trout tagged by an automated system through the Great Lakes Mass Marking Program were observed for up to 254 d to describe how tag loss and adipose fin clip success relates to time posttagging. Second, we also evaluated final tag loss and fin clip success from 197 tag lots from 2011 to 2013 that were tagged with an automated system to explore the factors affecting tag loss and fin clip success, and to compare tag loss and fin clip success rates with those from 1,080 tag lots from 1985 to 2003 that were manually tagged. Coded wire tag losses from experimental lots of four strains of Lake Trout were low and ranged from 2.8% to 5.7%. Coded wire tag losses stabilized 150 d posttagging, when fish had a mean length of 131 mm, which is far longer than that reported for other salmonines (30 d). We developed a descriptive model to correct for time effects on tag loss; tag loss could be estimated with high confidence after 100 d posttagging. Coded wire tag losses varied by genetic strain, possibly due to differences in body size and shape. Fish that lost a CWT were significantly smaller than fish retaining a CWT. In our comparison of the automated system with manual tagging, CWT loss across 197 automated tag lots was highly variable (0.0–14.0%), but it was &lt;5.5% in 86% of samples and less than the loss rates from manually tagged fish (&lt;5.5% in 72% of samples). Our results provide important details for CWT studies on Lake Trout and other species.
Received July 28, 2015; accepted February 7, 2016 Published online June 1, 2016
Enzymatic synthesis of novel oligosaccharides from N-acetylsucrosamine and melibiose using Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase, and properties of the products
Authors: Sakaki Yohei , Tashiro Mitsuru , Katou Moe , Sakuma Chiseko , Hirano Takako , Hakamata Wataru , Nishio Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Two kinds of oligosaccharides, N-acetylraffinosamine (RafNAc) and N-acetylplanteosamine (PlaNAc), were synthesized from N-acetylsucrosamine and melibiose using the transgalactosylation activity of Aspergillus niger α-galactosidase. RafNAc and PlaNAc are novel trisaccharides in which d-glucopyranose residues in raffinose (Raf) and planteose are replaced with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. These trisaccharides were more stable in acidic solution than Raf. RafNAc was hydrolyzed more rapidly than Raf by α-galactosidase of green coffee bean. In contrast, RafNAc was not hydrolyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase, although Raf was hydrolyzed well by this enzyme. These results indicate that the physicochemical properties and steric structure of RafNAc differ considerably from those of Raf.