bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“PEOPLE EAT PEOPLE”: THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON EXPERIENCES OF DISPLACEMENT IN JORDAN
Authors: El Dardiry Giulia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which refugee and host experiences of displacement in Jordan between 2010 and 2013 were articulated in a socioeconomic register that coincided with, but was also independent of, both state biopower and historical cross-border regionalisms. I argue that this register became salient due to a shared understanding of everyday life as characterized by what I termhunger, a state of depredation where “people eat people” to attain their own well-being. In pursuing this argument, the article has two goals: to show how Iraqis and Jordanians negotiated the complexities of living together in hunger by censuring individuals—locals and foreigners, rich and poor—who contributed to producing hunger rather than to alleviating it, and by consciously resisting the corrosive effects of hunger on social relations; and, more generally, to challenge universalizing understandings of refugee experiences according to which local tensions between refugees and hosts are derivative of a globalized antiforeigner discourse.
Addressing the Capacity Building Challenge in the Mining Sector in Rwanda: The Implications of Rwanda's 2014 Mining and Quarry Law
Authors: Nwapi Chilenye 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFew mining countries face capacity building challenges comparable to Rwanda's. Worsened by the genocide, a 2009 report put the number of mining scientists in Rwanda at 40, fewer than four below the age of 40. The government has however recognized that local skills development is crucial to the potential of mining to contribute to the country's economic development. This has been demonstrated through a series of reforms, culminating in the mining code of 2014. This article considers two issues critical to capacity building in the mining sector: formalization of artisanal and small-scale mining and the promotion of local content / procurement. Its main thesis is that the code provides limited opportunities for local mining capacity building and its local content provisions are rather nervously worded. This is worsened by the fact that Rwanda has no freestanding local content legislation. The article calls for Rwanda to adopt such legislation, with specific provisions on local skills training.
The impact of intra-EU migration on welfare chauvinism
Authors: Cappelen Cornelius , Peters Yvette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine whether intra-EU migration affects welfare chauvinistic attitudes, i.e. the idea that immigrants’ access to the welfare system should be restricted. According to the in-group/out-group theory, migration can unleash feelings of insecurity and thus trigger welfare chauvinism. According to intergroup contact theory, welfare chauvinism should decrease when immigration is higher, because contact reduces prejudice and softens anti-immigrant stances. We test these theories using data from the European Social Survey 2008/2009, supplemented with country-level data, and analyse these data using a multilevel ordered logit approach. We find a negative relation between intra-EU immigration and welfare chauvinism, supporting the intergroup contact theory: in countries with more intra-EU migration, welfare chauvinism tends to be lower. Furthermore, the higher the percentage of East European immigrants compared to other EU immigrants, the higher the level of welfare chauvinism.
CONTRIBUTION OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT TO THE IMPACT OF A HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: AN IRISH CASE STUDY
Authors: Ryan Máirín , Moran Patrick S. , Harrington Patricia , Murphy Linda , O'Neill Michelle , Whelan Marty , Teljeur Conor 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to illustrate the contribution of stakeholder engagement to the impact of health technology assessment (HTA) using an Irish HTA of a national public access defibrillation (PAD) program.Background: In response to draft legislation that proposed a PAD program, the Minister for Health requested that Health Information and Quality Authority undertake an HTA to inform the design and implementation of a national PAD program and the necessary underpinning legislation. The draft legislation outlined a program requiring widespread installation and maintenance of automatic external defibrillators in specified premises.Methods: Stakeholder engagement to optimize the impact of the HTA included one-to-one interviews with politicians, engagement with an Expert Advisory Group, public and targeted consultation, and positive media management.Results: The HTA quantified the clinical benefits of the proposed PAD program as modest, identified that substantial costs would fall on small/medium businesses at a time of economic recession, and that none of the programs modeled were cost-effective. The Senator who proposed the Bill actively publicized the HTA process and its findings and encouraged participation in the public consultation. Participation of key stakeholders was important for the quality and acceptability of the HTA findings and advice. Media management promoted public engagement and understanding. The Bill did not progress.Conclusions: The HTA informed the decision not to progress with legislation for a national PAD program. Engagement was tailored to ensure that key stakeholders including politicians and the public were informed of the HTA process, the findings, and the advice, thereby maximizing acceptance. Appropriate stakeholder engagement optimizes the impact of HTA.
Counting Intersecting and Pairs of Cross-Intersecting Families
Authors: FRANKL PETER , KUPAVSKII ANDREY 
Published: October 2017

A family of subsets of {1,. . .,n} is calledintersectingif any two of its sets intersect. A classical result in extremal combinatorics due to Erdős, Ko and Rado determines the maximum size of an intersecting family ofk-subsets of {1,. . .,n}. In this paper we study the following problem: How many intersecting families ofk-subsets of {1,. . .,n} are there? Improving a result of Balogh, Das, Delcourt, Liu and Sharifzadeh, we determine this quantity asymptotically forn≥ 2k+2+2$\sqrt{k\log k}$andk→ ∞. Moreover, under the same assumptions we also determine asymptotically the number ofnon-trivialintersecting families, that is, intersecting families for which the intersection of all sets is empty. We obtain analogous results for pairs of cross-intersecting families.
Genetic variation, Heritability estimates and GXE effects on yield traits of Mesoamerican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) germplasm in Uganda
Authors: Okii Dennis , Mukankusi Clare , Sebuliba Sulaiman , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Tusiime Geoffrey , Talwana Herbert , Odong Thomas , Namayanja Annet , Paparu Pamela , Nkalubo Stanley , Otim Michael , Ugen Michael , Buah Stephen , Gepts Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGermplasm of common beans from the Mesoamerican gene pool races: Durango, Jalisco, Mesoamerica and Guatemala have highest genetic variation for the crop's improvement. The objective was to assign 50 common bean germplasm in Uganda into its gene pool races based on analyses of population structure. Secondly, to estimate heritability and effects of genotype × environment (GXE) interaction on common bean agronomic and yield traits in space and time. Sample genomic DNA was amplified in 2011 with 22 Simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) and alleles separated using capillary electrophoresis. Field evaluations were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at NaCRRI and 2015 at CIAT – Kawanda. Multivariate analyses of SSRs data identified four subgroups within the germplasm: K4.1–K4.4, with corresponding Wrights fixation indices (FST) as 0.1829 for K4.1, 0.1585 for K4.4, 0.1579 for K4.2 and least for K4.3 at 0.0678. Gene pool race admixtures in the population (14%) were notable and attributed to gene flow. Four superior parents currently used in improving resistance to major diseases grouped as; Jalisco for MLB49-89A; Mesoamerica for MCM5001 and G2333; Durango for MEXICO 54. Heritability values for yield traits estimated using phenotypic data from above fixed parents, was above 0.81. Season and location had significant effect (P< 0.05) on numbers of: flower buds per inflorescence, pod formation and weight of 100 seeds. The findings will improve understanding of co-evolutionary relationships between bean hosts and pathogens for better disease management and will broaden the germplasm base for improving other tropical production constraints.
Lobate lac scale, Paratachardina pseudolobata (Hemiptera: Keriidae), in Hawaii's urban landscape: Hosts and management
Authors: Bhandari Bishnu Prasad , Cheng Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe lobate lac scale,Paratachardina pseudolobataKondo &amp; Gullan, is a recent insect invader to Hawaii that was first found in October 2012 on Oahu, Hawaii. It infests young branches of woody plants (usually less than 2 cm in diameter), forming a mass that appears as a dark crust, resulting in an unhealthy appearance, defoliation of leaves, and death of some plant species. This insect has infested many native and non-native plant species on Oahu, and the number of infested plant species is increasing. Our recent survey results, reported in this article, revealed 28 new host plant species in addition to 83 host species that we had reported previously, making 111 host plant species in Oahu's urban landscape. Efficacy and longevity of preventive treatment using the systemic insecticides imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate, delivered through trunk injection, against lobate lac scale on Chinese banyan,Ficus microcarpa, and curative treatment using imidacloprid on weeping banyan,Ficus benjamina, were evaluated. Forty-five Chinese banyans and 10 weeping banyans were included in this study. Our findings suggest that imidacloprid delivered via trunk injection is effective in preventing lobate lac scale infestation for at least 22 months post-treatment, and also in reducing lobate lac scale infestation curatively for at least 20 months post-treatment. This study provides an update on lobate lac scale's host species in Hawaii's urban landscape, and an effective preventive and curative management strategy against this pest.
Variation in a range of mTOR-related genes associates with intracranial volume and intellectual disability
Authors: Reijnders M. R. F. , Kousi M. , van Woerden G. M. , Klein M. , Bralten J. , Mancini G. M. S. , van Essen T. , Proietti-Onori M. , Smeets E. E. J. , van Gastel M. , Stegmann A. P. A. , Stevens S. J. C. , Lelieveld S. H. , Gilissen C. , Pfundt R. , Tan P. L. , Kleefstra T. , Franke B. , Elgersma Y. , Katsanis N. , Brunner H. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDe novo mutations in specific mTOR pathway genes cause brain overgrowth in the context of intellectual disability (ID). By analyzing 101 mMTOR-related genes in a large ID patient cohort and two independent population cohorts, we show that these genes modulate brain growth in health and disease. We report the mTOR activator gene RHEB as an ID gene that is associated with megalencephaly when mutated. Functional testing of mutant RHEB in vertebrate animal models indicates pathway hyperactivation with a concomitant increase in cell and head size, aberrant neuronal migration, and induction of seizures, concordant with the human phenotype. This study reveals that tight control of brain volume is exerted through a large community of mTOR-related genes. Human brain volume can be altered, by either rare disruptive events causing hyperactivation of the pathway, or through the collective effects of common alleles.
Contribution of livestock H2S to total sulfur emissions in a region with intensive animal production
Authors: Feilberg Anders , Hansen Michael Jørgen , Liu Dezhao , Nyord Tavs 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) from agricultural sources is generally not included in sulfur emission estimates even though H2S is the major sulfur compound emitted from livestock production. Here we show that in a country with intensive livestock production (Denmark), agriculture constitute the most important sulfur source category (~49% of all sources of sulfur dioxide), exceeding both the production industry and energy categories. The analysis is based on measurements of H2S using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. National emissions are obtained using ammonia as a reference pollutant with the validity of this approach documented by the high correlation of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions. Finisher pig production is the most comprehensively characterized agricultural source of sulfur and is estimated to be the largest source of atmospheric sulfur in Denmark. The implication for other locations is discussed and the results imply that the understanding and modeling of atmospheric sulfate sources should include agricultural H2S.
Signatures of the topological s
+− superconducting order parameter in the type-II Weyl semimetal T
d-MoTe2
Authors: Guguchia Z. , von Rohr F. , Shermadini Z. , Lee A. T. , Banerjee S. , Wieteska A. R. , Marianetti C. A. , Frandsen B. A. , Luetkens H. , Gong Z. , Cheung S. C. , Baines C. , Shengelaya A. , Taniashvili G. , Pasupathy A. N. , Morenzoni E. , Billinge S. J. L. , Amato A. , Cava R. J. , Khasanov R. , Uemura Y. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn its orthorhombic Td polymorph, MoTe2 is a type-II Weyl semimetal, where the Weyl fermions emerge at the boundary between electron and hole pockets. Non-saturating magnetoresistance and superconductivity were also observed in Td-MoTe2. Understanding the superconductivity in Td-MoTe2, which was proposed to be topologically non-trivial, is of eminent interest. Here, we report high-pressure muon-spin rotation experiments probing the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth in Td-MoTe2. A substantial increase of the superfluid density and a linear scaling with the superconducting critical temperature Tc is observed under pressure. Moreover, the superconducting order parameter in Td-MoTe2 is determined to have 2-gap s-wave symmetry. We also exclude time-reversal symmetry breaking in the superconducting state with zero-field μSR experiments. Considering the strong suppression of Tc in MoTe2 by disorder, we suggest that topologically non-trivial s+− state is more likely to be realized in MoTe2 than the topologically trivial s++ state.
Pre-fusion RSV F strongly boosts pre-fusion specific neutralizing responses in cattle pre-exposed to bovine RSV
Authors: Steff Ann-Muriel , Monroe James , Friedrich Kristian , Chandramouli Sumana , Nguyen Thi Lien-Anh , Tian Sai , Vandepaer Sarah , Toussaint Jean-François , Carfi Andrea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is responsible for serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and in older adults, and remains an important vaccine need. RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein is a key target for neutralizing antibodies. RSV F stabilized in its pre-fusion conformation (DS-Cav1 F) induces high neutralizing antibody titers in naïve animals, but it remains unknown to what extent pre-fusion F can boost pre-existing neutralizing responses in RSV seropositive adults. We here assess DS-Cav1 F immunogenicity in seropositive cattle pre-exposed to bovine RSV, a virus closely related to hRSV. A single immunization with non-adjuvanted DS-Cav1 F strongly boosts RSV neutralizing responses, directed towards pre-fusion F-specific epitopes, whereas a post-fusion F is unable to do so. Vaccination with pre-fusion F thus represents a promising strategy for maternal immunization and for other RSV vaccine target populations such as older adults.
Silencing Nfix rescues muscular dystrophy by delaying muscle regeneration
Authors: Rossi Giuliana , Bonfanti Chiara , Antonini Stefania , Bastoni Mattia , Monteverde Stefania , Innocenzi Anna , Saclier Marielle , Taglietti Valentina , Messina Graziella 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMuscular dystrophies are severe disorders due to mutations in structural genes, and are characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, compromised patient mobility, and respiratory functions. Although previous works suggested enhancing regeneration and muscle mass as therapeutic strategies, these led to no long-term benefits in humans. Mice lacking the transcription factor Nfix have delayed regeneration and a shift toward an oxidative fiber type. Here, we show that ablating or silencing the transcription factor Nfix ameliorates pathology in several forms of muscular dystrophy. Silencing Nfix in postnatal dystrophic mice, when the first signs of the disease already occurred, rescues the pathology and, conversely, Nfix overexpression in dystrophic muscles increases regeneration and markedly exacerbates the pathology. We therefore offer a proof of principle for a novel therapeutic approach for muscular dystrophies based on delaying muscle regeneration.
Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity
Authors: Costello Mark J. , Tsai Peter , Wong Pui Shan , Cheung Alan Kwok Lun , Basher Zeenatul , Chaudhary Chhaya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMarine biogeographic realms have been inferred from small groups of species in particular environments (e.g., coastal, pelagic), without a global map of realms based on statistical analysis of species across all higher taxa. Here we analyze the distribution of 65,000 species of marine animals and plants, and distinguish 30 distinct marine realms, a similar proportion per area as found for land. On average, 42% of species are unique to the realms. We reveal 18 continental-shelf and 12 offshore deep-sea realms, reflecting the wider ranges of species in the pelagic and deep-sea compared to coastal areas. The most widespread species are pelagic microscopic plankton and megafauna. Analysis of pelagic species recognizes five realms within which other realms are nested. These maps integrate the biogeography of coastal and deep-sea, pelagic and benthic environments, and show how land-barriers, salinity, depth, and environmental heterogeneity relate to the evolution of biota. The realms have applications for marine reserves, biodiversity assessments, and as an evolution relevant context for climate change studies.
Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility
Authors: Hagemann Nikolas , Joseph Stephen , Schmidt Hans-Peter , Kammann Claudia I. , Harter Johannes , Borch Thomas , Young Robert B. , Varga Krisztina , Taherymoosavi Sarasadat , Elliott K. Wade , McKenna Amy , Albu Mihaela , Mayrhofer Claudia , Obst Martin , Conte Pellegrino , Dieguez-Alonso Alba , Orsetti Silvia , Subdiaga Edisson , Behrens Sebastian , Kappler Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAmending soil with biochar (pyrolized biomass) is suggested as a globally applicable approach to address climate change and soil degradation by carbon sequestration, reducing soil-borne greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing soil nutrient retention. Biochar was shown to promote plant growth, especially when combined with nutrient-rich organic matter, e.g., co-composted biochar. Plant growth promotion was explained by slow release of nutrients, although a mechanistic understanding of nutrient storage in biochar is missing. Here we identify a complex, nutrient-rich organic coating on co-composted biochar that covers the outer and inner (pore) surfaces of biochar particles using high-resolution spectro(micro)scopy and mass spectrometry. Fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance, electrochemical analysis and gas adsorption demonstrated that this coating adds hydrophilicity, redox-active moieties, and additional mesoporosity, which strengthens biochar-water interactions and thus enhances nutrient retention. This implies that the functioning of biochar in soil is determined by the formation of an organic coating, rather than biochar surface oxidation, as previously suggested.
Modelling Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias in vitro in 3D human iPS cell-engineered heart tissue
Authors: Kawatou Masahide , Masumoto Hidetoshi , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Morinaga Gaku , Sakata Ryuzo , Ashihara Takashi , Yamashita Jun K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTorsade de Pointes (TdP) is a lethal arrhythmia that is often drug-induced, thus there is an urgent need for development of models to test or predict the drug sensitivity of human cardiac tissue. Here, we present an in vitro TdP model using 3D cardiac tissue sheets (CTSs) that contain a mixture of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes. We simultaneously monitor the extracellular field potential (EFP) and the contractile movement of the CTSs. Upon treatment with IKr channel blockers, CTSs exhibit tachyarrhythmias with characteristics of TdP, including both a typical polymorphic EFP and meandering spiral wave re-entry. The TdP-like waveform is predominantly observed in CTSs with the cell mixture, indicating that cellular heterogeneity and the multi-layered 3D structure are both essential factors for reproducing TdP-like arrhythmias in vitro. This 3D model could provide the mechanistic detail underlying TdP generation and means for drug discovery and safety tests.
Achieving high-efficiency emission depletion nanoscopy by employing cross relaxation in upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Zhan Qiuqiang , Liu Haichun , Wang Baoju , Wu Qiusheng , Pu Rui , Zhou Chao , Huang Bingru , Peng Xingyun , Ågren Hans , He Sailing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStimulated emission depletion microscopy provides a powerful sub-diffraction imaging modality for life science studies. Conventionally, stimulated emission depletion requires a relatively high light intensity to obtain an adequate depletion efficiency through only light–matter interaction. Here we show efficient emission depletion for a class of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles with the assistance of interionic cross relaxation, which significantly lowers the laser intensity requirements of optical depletion. We demonstrate two-color super-resolution imaging using upconversion nanoparticles (resolution ~ 66 nm) with a single pair of excitation/depletion beams. In addition, we show super-resolution imaging of immunostained cytoskeleton structures of fixed cells (resolution ~ 82 nm) using upconversion nanoparticles. These achievements provide a new perspective for the development of photoswitchable luminescent probes and will broaden the applications of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles for sub-diffraction microscopic imaging.
Continuous-variable geometric phase and its manipulation for quantum computation in a superconducting circuit
Authors: Song Chao , Zheng Shi-Biao , Zhang Pengfei , Xu Kai , Zhang Libo , Guo Qiujiang , Liu Wuxin , Xu Da , Deng Hui , Huang Keqiang , Zheng Dongning , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGeometric phase, associated with holonomy transformation in quantum state space, is an important quantum-mechanical effect. Besides fundamental interest, this effect has practical applications, among which geometric quantum computation is a paradigm, where quantum logic operations are realized through geometric phase manipulation that has some intrinsic noise-resilient advantages and may enable simplified implementation of multi-qubit gates compared to the dynamical approach. Here we report observation of a continuous-variable geometric phase and demonstrate a quantum gate protocol based on this phase in a superconducting circuit, where five qubits are controllably coupled to a resonator. Our geometric approach allows for one-step implementation of n-qubit controlled-phase gates, which represents a remarkable advantage compared to gate decomposition methods, where the number of required steps dramatically increases with n. Following this approach, we realize these gates with n up to 4, verifying the high efficiency of this geometric manipulation for quantum computation.