bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Narrative of Outsiderness: Visually Impaired Individuals’ Experiences of Learning and Participation in Education and Working Life
Authors: Landstad Bodil J. , Kvangarsnes Gunhild Hovden , Larsson Stig , Brulin Emma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter deals with visually impaired individuals’ experiences of learning and participation in education and working life. Health literacy is important at an individual and organisational level aiming at eliminating barriers and promoting equal opportunities for the visually impaired (SDG 10: Reduced inequality within and among countries). This study reveals that visually impaired individuals experience outsiderness in education and working life. The study also demonstrates the challenges and opportunities in participating in education and working life for the visually impaired in the future. The study provides important knowledge on how to strengthen good health and well-being (SDG 3: Good health and well-being) and promote quality education and life-long learning opportunities for the visually impaired (SDG 4: Quality education).
Stone Pseudovarieties
Authors: Almeida Jorge , Klíma Ondřej 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe extend the theory of profinite algebras, as it is used in the algebraic theory of regular languages, to the more general setting of Stone topological algebras with the ultimate goal of going beyond classes of regular languages. We introduce Stone pseudovarieties, that is, classes of Stone topological algebras of a fixed topological signature that are closed under taking Stone quotients, closed subalgebras and finite direct products. Looking at the dual Stone spaces of Boolean algebras of subsets of a given topological algebra, we find a simple characterization of when the dual space admits a natural structure of topological algebra; the characterization is given in terms of how the Boolean algebra behaves under the inverses of the operation evaluation mappings of each arity. This provides an alternative, which is presented in the form of an equivalence of categories, to the duality theory of M. Gehrke. As an application, a Stone quotient of a Stone topological algebra that is residually in a given Stone pseudovariety is shown to be also residually in it, thereby extending the corresponding result of M. Gehrke for the Stone pseudovariety of all finite algebras over discrete signatures, which was recently extended to topological signatures jointly by the authors and H. Goulet-Ouellet. The residual closure of a Stone pseudovariety is thus a Stone pseudovariety, and these are precisely the Stone analogues of varieties. A Birkhoff type theorem for Stone varieties is also established and it is shown how Reiterman’s theorem can be derived from it.
Sustainability in radiation oncology: opportunities for enhancing patient care and reducing CO2 emissions in breast cancer radiotherapy at selected German centers
Authors: Bedir Ahmed , Grohmann Maximilian , Schäfer Sebastian , Mäurer Matthias , Weimann Steffen , Roers Julian , Hering Dominik , Oertel Michael , Medenwald Daniel , Straube Christoph 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
Radiotherapy often entails a substantial travel burden for patients accessing radiation oncology centers. The total travel distance for such treatments is primarily influenced by two factors: fractionation schedules and the distances traveled. Specific data on these aspects are not well documented in Germany. This study aims to quantify the travel distances for routine breast cancer patients of five radiation oncology centers located in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas of Germany and to record the CO2 emissions resulting from travel.

Methods
We analyzed the geographic data of breast cancer patients attending their radiotherapy treatments and calculated travelling distances using Google Maps. Carbon dioxide emissions were estimated assuming a standard 40-miles-per-gallon petrol car emitting 0.168 kg of CO2 per kilometer.

Result
Addresses of 4198 breast cancer patients treated between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed. Our sample traveled an average of 37.2 km (minimum average: 14.2 km, maximum average: 58.3 km) for each radiation fraction. This yielded an estimated total of 6.2 kg of CO2 emissions per visit, resulting in 156.2 kg of CO2 emissions when assuming 25 visits (planning, treatment, and follow-up).

Conclusion
Our study highlights the environmental consequences associated with patient commutes for external-beam radiotherapy, indicating that reducing the number of treatment fractions can notably decrease CO2 emissions. Despite certain assumptions such as the mode of transport and possible inaccuracies in patient addresses, optimizing fractionation schedules not only reduces travel requirements but also achieves greater CO2 reductions while keeping improved patient outcomes as the main focus.
A robust approach to terrestrial relative gravity measurements and adjustment of gravity networks
Authors: Sobrero Franco S. , Ahlgren Kevin , Bevis Michael G. , Gómez Demián D. , Heck Jacob , Echalar Arturo , Caccamise Dana J. , Kendrick Eric , Montenegro Paola , Batistti Ariele , Contreras Choque Lizeth , Catari Juan Carlos , Tinta Sallico Roger , Guerra Trigo Hernan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLike many geophysical observations, relative gravity (RG) measurements are affected by random errors, systematic errors, and occasional blunders. When RG measurements are used to build large gravity networks in remote areas under adverse environmental or logistical conditions (such as extreme temperatures, heavy precipitation, rugged terrain, difficult or dangerous roads, and high altitudes), it is more likely for significant errors to occur and accumulate. Therefore, obtaining accurate gravity estimates at regional gravity networks largely depends on defensive data collection protocols and robust adjustment techniques. In this work, we present a measurement field protocol based on highly redundant observation patterns, and a two-step least squares adjustment scheme implemented as a MATLAB package. This software helps us identify blunders, mitigates the impact of random errors, and downweights or removes outlier observations. The methodology also guarantees that adjusted gravity values have well-constrained standard error estimates. We illustrate the capabilities of our approach through the case study of the Bolivian gravity network, where we determined the acceleration due to gravity at 2548 stations that spread over difficult and sometimes extreme environments, with a typical level of uncertainty of 0.10–0.15 mGal.
Morphologische kardiale Veränderungen bei Drogentoten
Authors: Roehr W. , Corvest E. , Gaul D. S. , Bratzke H. , Verhoff M. A. , Petzel-Witt S. , Niess C. , Kauferstein S. 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Drogenassoziierte pathologische Veränderungen des Herzens als direkte und indirekte Folge des Substanzabusus resultieren aus einer Verkettung einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Faktoren. Wie umfangreich die Schädigung des Herzens bei Drogenabhängigen jedoch ist, und welchen Substanzen dabei eine besondere Rolle in der Genese einer spezifischen Herzerkrankung zukommt, ist dabei oftmals schwer zu ermitteln.

Zielsetzung
Ziele dieser Arbeit waren es, den Ausprägungsgrad und die Art der kardialen Schädigung bei Drogentoten zu erfassen. Zusätzlich sollte untersucht werden, ob sich ein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Konsumprofil bzw. Konsumintensität und kardialem Befund herstellen lässt.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 136 Drogentote aus den 2013 und 2014 wurden morphologisch und histologisch auf pathologische Veränderungen des Herzens untersucht. Anhand des toxikologischen Gutachtens erfolgte neben dem allgemeinen Nachweis des Drogenabusus auch die Einteilung der Verstorbenen in Konsumprofile und Konsumintensitäten. Abschließend wurde statistisch untersucht, ob die einzelnen Konsumgruppen spezifische Auffälligkeiten des Herzens zeigten und daraus ggf. eine kausale Erklärung der Genese resultiert.

Ergebnisse
70 der Verstorbenen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 40 Jahren zeigten kardiale Befunde. Gehäuft auftretende Befunde waren Herzinfarkte sowie dilatative und hypertrophe Kardiomyopathien. Während sich 38 Herzbefunde durch kardial relevante Vorerkrankungen erklären ließen, waren in 32 Verstorbenen keine Vorerkrankungen zu detektieren. In diesen Fällen ist zumindest von einer maßgeblichen Beteiligung des Drogenkonsums in der Krankheitsgenese auszugehen. Im abschließenden Abgleich der verschiedenen Konsumgruppen konnte nicht nur festgestellt werden, dass bei dem Großteil der drogeninduzierten Herzbefunde ein ausgeprägter Kokainkonsum festgestellt werden konnte. Es konnte darüber hinaus gezeigt werden, dass die Gruppe der Stimulanzienkonsumenten i. Allg. bei gleicher Prävalenz kardialer Befunde signifikant jünger ist.

Schlussfolgerung
Kardiale Befunde kommen bei Drogenabhängigen gehäuft vor. Trotz starker Inzidenz der Beteiligung v. a. von Kokain an der Krankheitsentstehung müssen aufgrund von meist polytoxikomanen Drogenkonsumenten weitere zelluläre und genetische Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Nachweiserbringung erfolgen. Für die Klinik ergibt sich die dringende Empfehlung der kardiologischen Anbindung Drogenabhängiger.
Response and conflict expectations shape motor responses interactively
Authors: Sauter Annika E. , Zabicki Adam , Schüller Thomas , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Fink Gereon R. , Mengotti Paola , Vossel Simone 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEfficient responses in dynamic environments rely on a combination of readiness and flexibility, regulated by anticipatory and online response control mechanisms. The latter are required when a motor response needs to be reprogrammed or when flanker stimuli induce response conflict and they are crucially modulated by anticipatory signals such as response and conflict expectations. The mutual influence and interplay of these control processes remain to be elucidated. Our behavioral study employed a novel combined response cueing/conflict task designed to test for interactive effects of response reprogramming and conflict resolution and their modulation by expectations. To this end, valid and invalid response cues were combined with congruent and incongruent target flankers. Expectations were modulated by systematically manipulating the proportions of valid versus invalid cues and congruent versus incongruent flanker stimuli in different task blocks. Reaction time and accuracy were assessed in thirty-one healthy volunteers. The results revealed response reprogramming and conflict resolution interactions for both behavioral measures, modulated by response and conflict expectations. Accuracy decreased disproportionally when invalidly cued targets with incongruent flankers were least expected. These findings support coordinated and partially overlapping anticipatory and online response control mechanisms within motor-cognitive networks.
Biochemistry and associated fauna of holopelagic Sargassum spp. in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: van Tussenbroek Brigitta I. , Monroy-Velázquez L. Verónica , García-Sánchez Marta , Ruiz-Fernández Ana Carolina , Valencia-Castañeda Gladys , Paéz-Osuna Federico , Arenas Pablo , Rojas-González R. Isaac , Gracia Adolfo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHolopelagic Sargassum spp. (sargassum) are the founding species of diverse communities in the Sargasso Sea. Since 2011, a new area of concentration of these algae was formed in the equatorial North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. We analyzed elemental composition, and the small mobile fauna associated with sargassum collected at 41 stations, during two expeditions in the Caribbean Sea in 2018 and 2019, that covered open-sea stations in two marine ecoregions, and coastal stations (< 20 km from the shore) in one of them. Metal(loid) concentrations generally followed the order As > Zn > Cu > Cd > Se > Pb > Hg, and contents of As (195.5 ± 13.7 µg g−1), Cd (0.59 ± 0.02 µg g−1), and Hg (0.22 ± 0.09 µg g−1) were highest in S. fluitans III in the South-Western-Caribbean ecoregion. Mean [Ctot] per ecoregion varied between 26.1 and 30.1 mg g−1, and variation was mainly accounted for by higher [Cinorg] (likely produced by calcifying epibionts) in the South-Western Caribbean (10.12) compared to the Western Caribbean (8.92 and 7.19); this tendency that was also found for [Ntot] (between 1.06 and 1.27), and these contents were positively correlated with seawater chlorophyll concentrations. Sixty-six taxa of mobile fauna were identified, with the phylum Arthropoda being most abundant and diverse. The faunal community composition was similar in both open-sea regions, but differed in the coastal stations, which was mostly explained by differential relative abundance of Latreutes fucorum, Carpias minutus, Litiopa melanostoma, and some fish species. The Caribbean open-sea rafts harbor a diverse fauna comparable to that found in the Sargasso Sea, and likely provide similar ecosystem services, and thus merit similar protective efforts as those directed towards sargassum in the Sargasso Sea.
Lessons from Covid-19 and the potential benefit of the implementation of Axon’s personal electronic health records (PEHR) into aesthetic care, plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: van Eeden Samuel Jakobus , Ylihonko Kristiina , Braidy Nady , Kassas Ahmad , Jakubetz Hansjörg , Eeden Wouter van , Békefi Antal , Eeden Walter van , Eeden Werner van , Eeden Zelda van , Taiwan Jacob Lee , Cheng Carol , Ghanem Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the need for implementing Personal Electronic Health Records (PEHR) for patients’ data management. Furthermore, this pandemic underscored the relevance for integrated and interoperable Electronic Health Records (EHR) to support disease surveillance, hospital capacity planning and resource management (Peek N, Sujan M, Scott P (2020) Digital health and care in pandemic times: impact of COVID-19. BMJ Health Care Inf 27(1):e100166. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100166). Due to the lack of comprehensive patients’ record in plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, Axon’s myHealth app offers a break-through patient-centric design allowing patients to be in control of their records and updating them in real-time for their plastic and aesthetic care providers to have a clearer understanding of patients’ history and progress from pre-op to post-op.

Methods
The Axon Dublin survey took place during Covid-19 pandemic in two phases: Phase 1 aimed to assess the feasibility of patients integrating the Axon myHealth application into their clinical visits. Testing occurred in a clinical environment, where patients were encouraged to download and use the Axon system with a health practitioner (HP) present. Phase 2 focused on home testing, evaluating patients’ willingness to manage their health remotely with HP assistance. This phase included self-testing activities such as performing rapid Covid-19 antigen tests, recording medical history, and measuring blood pressure at home.

Results
The Axon Dublin Study aimed to assess patient engagement, clinical impact, and cost-effectiveness of the Axon myHealth application. Over 85% of patients showed interest in owning a Personal Electronic Health Record. Notably, 36% continuously monitored chronic conditions. Clinical decisions, informed by patient data, saw 61.9% compliance. Noteworthy, 23% of hypertensive participants required immediate medication changes. Patient self-capture of data reduced consultation time. Public health implications were significant, with 39% vaccinated and 31% reporting complications. High user satisfaction (97%) demonstrated the app’s effectiveness in infection control and chronic care.

Conclusions
Offering patients the ability to update and control their data is a growing interest, with a clear need in plastic and aesthetic surgery to have a better understanding of a patient’s medical past and progress throughout the surgical process and period. This platform, which is time and cost efficient, can only facilitate personalised care and improve outcomes while maintaining patient’s confidentiality.

Level of evidence
Not gradable.
MR enterography radiologic ulcers in newly diagnosed ileal Crohn disease in children: frequency, inter-radiologist agreement, and clinical correlation
Authors: Palmer Andrew , Towbin Alexander J. , Anton Christopher G. , Kocaoglu Murat , Zhang Bin , Whaley Kaitlin , Debnath Pradipta , Dillman Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Radiologic ulcers are increasingly recognized as an imaging finding of bowel wall active inflammation in Crohn disease (CD).

Objective
To determine the frequency of ulcers at MR enterography (MRE) in children with newly diagnosed ileal CD, assess agreement between radiologists, and evaluate if their presence correlates with other imaging and clinical features of intestinal active inflammation.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 108 consecutive pediatric patients (ages 6–18 years) with newly diagnosed ileal CD that underwent clinical MRE prior to treatment initiation between January 2021 and December 2022. MRE examinations were independently reviewed by three pediatric radiologists who indicated the presence vs. absence of ulcers, ulcer severity (categorical depth), and ulcer extent (categorical number of ulcers). Maximum bowel wall thickness and length of disease were measured and averaged across readers. Patient demographics and clinical inflammatory markers were documented from electronic health records. Inter-radiologist agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa (k) statistics. Student’s t-test was used to compare continuous variables.

Results
Mean patient age was 13.9 years (67 [62%] boys). Radiologic ulcers were recorded in 64/108 (59.3%) cases by reader 1, 70/108 (64.8%) cases by reader 2, and 49/108 (45.4%) cases by reader 3 (k = 0.36). Based on majority consensus, radiologic ulcers were present in 60/108 (55.6%) participants. Inter-radiologist agreement for ulcer severity was k = 0.23, while ulcer extent was k = 0.66. There were significant differences in C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin, albumin, maximum bowel wall thickness, and length of disease between patients without and with radiologic ulcers (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MRE for detecting endoscopic ulcers were 66.7% (95% CI, 52.1–79.2%) and 69.2% (95% CI, 48.2–85.7%), respectively.

Conclusion
Radiologic ulcers are visible in children with newly diagnosed ileal CD, although inter-radiologist agreement is only fair. The presence of ulcers is associated with clinical laboratory inflammatory markers as well as other MRE findings of disease activity and is an additional imaging finding that can be used to evaluate intestinal inflammation.
What Future for Protected Areas? Analysing the Mismatch between South Africa’s Pre-existing Protected areas System and the Declared vision in Contemporary Conservation Policy
Authors: Alberts R. C. , Retief F. P. , Bond A. J. , Roos C. , Cilliers D. P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDesignation of protected areas has enjoyed global application as a means of biodiversity conservation for over 100 years. National conservation policy is essential as a means of protecting biodiversity, but is contingent on, amongst others, changing values and international drivers, and remains dynamic in many countries. As conservation policies evolve, the role of pre-existing protected areas within broader strategies for conservation can become unclear, with consequences both for the ability of the conservation policies to achieve their stated goals, and also for biodiversity outcomes within a nation. In order to map evolving inconsistencies between conservation policy and the role of protected areas within it, we develop a conceptual conservation policy framework synthesised from different policy orientations reported in the literature. Using South Africa as a case study, the conceptualisation is used to characterise the policy goals for protected areas in the recently adopted conservation policy, and the pre-existing protected areas system which remains on the statute books. The results indicate that the conceptual conservation policy framework can be used identify misalignment between policy and practice, and has enabled a mismatch to be identified between South Africa’s pre-existing protected areas system and its contemporary conservation policy, which suggests that the management of protected areas is likely to significantly change towards greater access and monetisation at the expense of their intrinsic value.
A study of the relationship between circulating cytokines (interleukin-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2) and risk of B-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Abd El-Ghani Sara El-Sayed , Abido Heba Youssef , Tawfik Nehad Mohamed , Shaheen Gehan , Ellithy Hend Nabil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) occurs due to uncontrolled B-lymphocyte clonal expansion. Cytokines can directly stimulate B-cell proliferation and prevent B-cell apoptosis. Dysregulation of cytokines may play an important role in the development of B-NHL by enhancing chromosomal translocation, which is the hallmark of B-NHL. Both interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α are proinflammatory cytokines and play important roles in the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of B cells.We conducted a prospective case-control study applied to 50 patients with B-NHL at Kasr Al Aini Hospital, Cairo University, and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected. In all patients and controls, sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the studied cytokines and clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to detect the cutoff values of the studied cytokines.Serum levels of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Additionally, their levels were significantly higher in aggressive types and advanced stages of lymphoma. Also, the studied cytokines were significantly correlated with different clinical and laboratory parameters of lymphoma. The level of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 were closely related to the type of lymphoma (P value ˂ 0.001 and 0.012, respectively), further it was also associated with the natural history of lymphoma (aggressive vs. indolent) (P value ˂0.001 and 0.04 respectively).We concluded that Pretreatment levels of sIL-2R and sTNF-R2 may play a role in the natural history and prognosis of lymphoma. They may be used as a prognostic factor for B-NHL patients and may also help with treatment decisions.
Prompt Engineering zur Generierung von Sprachlerninhalten
Authors: Rüdian Sylvio , Pinkwart Niels 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Spätestens seit der Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT sind generative Modelle ein integraler Bestandteil aktueller Innovationen. Durch die geschickte Kombination und Einbettung solcher Modelle können Tools entstehen, welche den Arbeitsalltag unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag werden generative Verfahren in den Bildungskontext überführt. Konkret wurde die Domäne des Sprachenlernens gewählt. Anhand des Szenarios eines Sprachlernkurses für Sprachlernanfänger*innen wird die Kombination generativer Modelle verdeutlicht, um die praktische Anwendung zu demonstrieren. Dazu wird das „Exploratory“ und „Confirmatory“ Prompt Engineering eingeführt, welches die Erstellung und Evaluation von Anfragen an sprachbasierte generative Modelle ermöglicht. Es werden Möglichkeiten zur Integration in Sprachlerntools erörtert, aber auch deren Eigenheiten und Grenzen. Darüber hinaus zeigt der Beitrag anhand einer Sequenzierungsstrategie, dass sprachbasierte generative Modelle nicht jede Instruktion befolgen und Alternativen notwendig sind.