bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ādivāsīs, tribes and other neologisms for erasing precolonial pasts: An example from Northeast India
Authors: Chatterjee Indrani 
Published: February 2016

This essay engages Dipesh Chakrabarty, Sumit Guha and James C. Scott by arguing that all of them overlook a historically well-evidenced set of subject positions and concepts of space. This was monastic governmentality. Lay and ordained populations attached to monastic teachers and lineages moved and interacted across a vast network of societies till the eighteenth century. The arrival of colonial European armies in the terrain marked by monastic geographicity led to the creation of sites set apart as ‘Nepal’, ‘colonial Assam’, ‘Burma’ and so on. Hitherto pastoralist but Bon-Buddhist monastic subjects were separated from their ‘brothers’ in monastic subjecthood. Such physical separation was reinforced by historical writing as well. In the twentieth century, colonially educated native scribes embraced both geographical and epistemic projects enthusiastically. Bhuyan, the foremost practitioner of this mode of history writing, thus failed to recognise the Buddhist and Bon Tantric cohabitants of the Brahmaputra river valley. In order to establish what was known of these people before Bhuyan’s time of writing, this essay has been organised in three parts. The first contains a short discussion of monastic governmentality and subjecthood. A second provides a truncated narrative of events that brought Mughal armies in the seventeenth century to the same terrain. The third surveys moments from the Company and British military accounts of 1794–1928 to explain the modern postcolonial Indian historian’s aporia towards Buddhist and Bon Tantric populations living alongside Muslim and Hindu groups in the Brahmaputra valley and plains.
Equality against hierarchy
Authors: Roy Indrajit 
Published: February 2016

How do subalterns imagine their membership in India’s political community? Many scholars argue that they imbibe the egalitarian ideals in India’s political–economic sphere. Others suggest that subalterns identify the modernising impulses of the political–economic sphere as a greater threat to their ways of life.  Intervening in this debate, recent research enlivens analysts to the perspective that the political–economic sphere of the state cannot be unambiguously mapped onto modernity. Nor, for that matter, can the socio-cultural sphere be regarded as singular realm of uninterrupted tradition. This article is offered as a contribution to this strand of the scholarship. By exploring endogenous egalitarian impulses among subaltern groups in India, I seek to interrogate the widely prevailing notion that ideas associated with modernity are the preserve of and emanate from elites in the political–economic sphere of the Indian state. Subalterns eschew notions of hierarchy and value ideas of equality and social justice without necessarily drawing on statist vocabularies in their assertions.
Lesser Toe PIP Joint Resection Versus PIP Joint Fusion
Authors: Schrier Joost C. , Keijsers Noel L. , Matricali Giovanni A. , Louwerens Jan Willem K. , Verheyen Cees C. P. M. 
Published: February 2016

Background: It is unclear whether proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) resection or fusion leads to superior clinical outcome in patients undergoing hammertoe surgery. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate a series of patients undergoing this surgery. Methods: Patients with one or more toes with rigid PIP flexion deformity were prospectively enrolled. These patients were randomly assigned to undergo either PIPJ resection or PIPJ fusion. In addition to the PIPJ procedure, a metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) release was performed if deemed necessary. Follow-up was up to 1 year postoperatively. Twenty-six patients (39 toes) were included in the PIPJ resection group and 29 (50 toes) in the PIPJ fusion group. Results: Thirty-four underwent an MTPJ release. No significant difference in foot outcome scores (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale, the Foot Function Index, and visual analog scale pain) could be detected after 1-year follow-up. A statistically significant difference was found regarding the toe alignment in the sagittal plane in favor of PIPJ fusion. Conclusions: Our randomized controlled study did not show any clinical outcome difference between PIPJ fusion and PIPJ resection. Both procedures resulted in good to excellent outcome in pain and activity scores. Level of Evidence: Level II, lesser quality RCT or prospective comparative study.
Role of telerehabilitation in patients following total knee arthroplasty: Evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shukla H , Nair SR , Thakker D 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Increased physical activity and functional ability are the goals of total knee replacement surgery. Therefore, adequate rehabilitation is required for the recovery of patients after discharge from hospital following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of home telerehabilitation in patients who underwent TKA. Methods Studies published in the English language between 2000 and 2014 were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using relevant search strategies. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies as per the Cochrane methodology for systematic literature review. We considered telerehabilitation sessions as those that were conducted by experienced physiotherapists, using videoconferencing to patients’ homes via an internet connection. The outcomes assessed included: knee movement (knee extension and flexion); quadriceps muscle strength; functional assessment (the timed up-and-go test); and assessment of pain, stiffness, and functional capacity using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analogue scale for pain. Results In total, 160 potentially relevant studies were screened. Following the screening of studies as abstracts and full-text publications, six primary publications (four randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, and one single-arm trial) were included in the review. Patients experienced high levels of satisfaction with the use of telerehabilitation alone. There was no significant difference in change in active knee extension and flexion in the home telerehabilitation group as compared to the control group (mean difference (MD) −0.52, 95% CI −1.39 to 0.35, p = 0.24 and MD 1.14, 95% CI −0.61 to 2.89, p = 0.20, respectively). The patients in the home telerehabilitation group showed improvement in physical activity and functional status similar to patients in the conventional therapy group. Discussion The evidence from this systematic literature review demonstrated that telerehabilitation is a practical alternative to conventional face-to-face rehabilitation therapy in patients who underwent TKA.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma manifesting as follicular isthmus cysts in a cat
Authors: Layne Elizabeth A , Graham Melissa 
Published: February 2016

Case summary A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined for swelling of the right upper lip. The cat had been receiving oral ciclosporin A for eosinophilic plaques. The swelling appeared clinically and cytologically consistent with an abscess; exudate was cultured and treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy and surgical curettage. Five months of antibiotic therapy with three separate surgical treatments resulted in minimal improvement; three separate biopsy samples demonstrated epithelial cysts with severe dermal inflammation. Swelling and drainage of purulent material from the affected lip persisted and progressed to involve the left upper lip. Euthanasia was elected 13 months after initial examination due to disease progression. On necropsy, histopathology demonstrated multiple isthmus cysts intermixed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Relevance and novel information The clinical and histopathologic features were unusual for feline cutaneous SCC. The cystic nature and lack of epidermal involvement suggest the tumor arose from non-epidermal squamous cells such as follicular isthmus or ductal epithelium. There is a pattern of SCC recognized in human renal transplant patients with features of epidermal inclusion cysts. These features have not been previously reported in SCC from a cat.
Should IGHV status and FISH testing be performed in all CLL patients at diagnosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Parikh Sameer A. , Strati Paolo , Tsang Mazie , West Colin P. , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSince the first description of the natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by David Galton in 1966, the considerable heterogeneity in the disease course has been well recognized. The Rai and Binet staging systems described ∼40 years ago have proven to be robust prognostic tools. Over the past 2 decades, several novel biological, genetic, and molecular markers have been shown to be useful adjuncts to the Rai and Binet staging systems. In this systematic review, we examined the role of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene (IGHV) mutation status and genetic abnormalities determined by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in patients with newly diagnosed CLL. The cumulative evidence presented in this systematic review is sufficient to recommend that FISH and IGHV be performed as standard clinical tests for all patients with newly diagnosed CLL in those countries with the resources to do so. In addition to clinical stage, these parameters could represent the minimal standard initial prognostic evaluation for patients with CLL. This approach will allow the application of powerful, recently developed prognostic indices (all of which are dependent on IGHV and FISH results) to all patients with newly diagnosed CLL.
The role of structural parameters in DNA cyclization
Authors: Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Bishop Alan R. , Rasmussen Kim Ø. , Alexandrov Boian S. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The intrinsic bendability of DNA plays an important role with relevance for myriad of essential cellular mechanisms. The flexibility of a DNA fragment can be experimentally and computationally examined by its propensity for cyclization, quantified by the Jacobson-Stockmayer J factor. In this study, we use a well-established coarse-grained three-dimensional model of DNA and seven distinct sets of experimentally and computationally derived conformational parameters of the double helix to evaluate the role of structural parameters in calculating DNA cyclization.

Results
We calculate the cyclization rates of 86 DNA sequences with previously measured J factors and lengths between 57 and 325 bp as well as of 20,000 randomly generated DNA sequences with lengths between 350 and 4000 bp. Our comparison with experimental data is complemented with analysis of simulated data.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that all sets of parameters yield very similar results for longer DNA fragments, regardless of the nucleotide sequence, which are in agreement with experimental measurements. However, for DNA fragments shorter than 100 bp, all sets of parameters performed poorly yielding results with several orders of magnitude difference from the experimental measurements. Our data show that DNA cyclization rates calculated using conformational parameters based on nucleosome packaging data are most similar to the experimental measurements. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive large-scale assessment of the role of structural parameters in calculating DNA cyclization rates.
GenAp: a distributed SQL interface for genomic data
Authors: Kozanitis Christos , Patterson David A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The impressively low cost and improved quality of genome sequencing provides to researchers of genetic diseases, such as cancer, a powerful tool to better understand the underlying genetic mechanisms of those diseases and treat them with effective targeted therapies. Thus, a number of projects today sequence the DNA of large patient populations each of which produces at least hundreds of terra-bytes of data. Now the challenge is to provide the produced data on demand to interested parties.

Results
In this paper, we show that the response to this challenge is a modified version of Spark SQL, a distributed SQL execution engine, that handles efficiently joins that use genomic intervals as keys. With this modification, Spark SQL serves such joins more than 50× faster than its existing brute force approach and 8× faster than similar distributed implementations. Thus, Spark SQL can replace existing practices to retrieve genomic data and, as we show, allow users to reduce the number of lines of software code that needs to be developed to query such data by an order of magnitude.
Immunotoxicity assessment of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in macrophages, lymphocytes and BALB/c mice
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Tian Jinglin , Yong Ken-Tye , Zhu Xuedan , Lin Marie Chia-Mi , Jiang Wenxiao , Li Jiefeng , Huang Qijun , Lin Guimiao 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The toxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in the environment and biological systems has become a major concern for the nanoparticle community. However, the potential toxicity of QDs on immune cells and its corresponding immune functions remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs using the in vitro in macrophages and lymphocytes and in vivo in BALB/c mice.

Results
Our results indicated that macrophages treated with 1.25 or 2.5 nM QDs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated apoptotic events, altered phagocytic ability, and decreased release of TNF-α and IL-6 by upon subsequent stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, lymphocytes exposed to QDs exhibited enhanced cell viability, increased release of TNF-α and IL-6 following exposure with CpG-ODN, and decreased transformation ability treatment in response to LPS. To study the in vivo effects in mice, we showed that QDs injection did not cause significant changes to body weight, hematology, organ histology, and phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophages in QDs-treated mice. In addition, the QDs formulation accumulated in major immune organs for more than 42 days. Lymphocytes from QDs-treated mice showed reduced cell viability, changed subtype proportions, increased TNF-α and IL-6 release, and reduced transformation ability in response to LPS.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggested that exposures to CdSe/ZnS QDs could suppress immune-defense against foreign stimuli, which in turn could result in increased susceptibility of hosts to diseases.
White matter tract integrity in treatment-resistant gambling disorder
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Derbyshire Katherine , Daws Richard E. , Odlaug Brian L. , Leppink Eric W. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundGambling disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder recently re-classified within the DSM-5 under the category of ‘substance-related and addictive disorders'.AimsTo compare white matter integrity in patients with gambling disorder with healthy controls; to explore relationships between white matter integrity and disease severity in gambling disorder.MethodIn total, 16 participants with treatment-resistant gambling disorder and 15 healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). White matter integrity was analysed using tract-based spatial statistics.ResultsGambling disorder was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Fractional anisotropy in distributed white matter tracts elsewhere correlated positively with disease severity.ConclusionsReduced corpus callosum fractional anisotropy is suggestive of disorganised/damaged tracts in patients with gambling disorder, and this may represent a trait/vulnerability marker for the disorder. Future research should explore these measures in a larger sample, ideally incorporating a range of imaging markers (for example functional MRI) and enrolling unaffected first-degree relatives of patients.
The power of shared philosophy: A study of midwives' perceptions of alternative birth care in Norway
Authors: Helberget Lindis , Fylkesnes Anne-Margrethe , Crawford Paul , Svindseth Marit 
Published: February 2016

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore important factors that promote the best possible health for mother and child during pregnancy, birth and post-birth in an alternative birth clinic (ABC) in Norway. Design: The authors used in-depth interviews to identify factors important in ABCs according to the holistic treatment model in the philosophy of ABCs. Methods: Transcription and text condensation were achieved by looking for text to find themes and subthemes to explore daily activities and the role of empowerment. Results: The most important factors were teaching women how to cope, mentally and practically, and being true to the philosophy of ABCs. Factors connected to empowerment of the women were strengthening their ability to make good decisions, their ability to cope practically, and the midwives' ability to step back and let the women gradually take responsibility. Conclusions: The ABC in this study reflected theoretical principles for ABCs. Midwives shared common opinions of important factors empowering women.
Exploring undisturbed birth through art and social media: An interactive project with student midwives
Authors: Uppal Elaine , Davies Sarah , Nuttall Janet , Knowles Helen 
Published: February 2016

Aim: To facilitate exposure of student midwives to images of undisturbed birth by engagement with the YouTube Series of images created by artist Helen Knowles (2015) . Background: Although birth in the Western world is a relatively safe process, there is a culture of fear around the process of giving birth. Women search for ‘realistic’ accounts from other women, as indicated by the number of hits on the YouTube videos on which Knowles’ YouTube Series is based. Methods: As part of their midwifery education, midwifery students from a range of groups were shown the YouTube Series screen-print images. The associated videos were then played to the students, followed by a class discussion. Findings: Themes that arose from the discussions included tensions around using social media in the curriculum, and the educational value of viewing undisturbed birth. Conclusions: It is important for midwifery educationalists to engage with technology and social media to be able to appreciate women's and students’ perspectives. It is also necessary to be aware of potential difficulties inherent in the use of social media, such as in relation to professional behaviour, the possible exploitation of women and ownership of the material. The study raised important issues for further investigation and analysis, and suggests that the videos and artwork have significant potential as tools for learning.
Listening to the Monster: Eliding and restoring the creature’s voice in adaptations of Frankenstein
Authors: Wright Jude 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article examines the integral subject of the Monster’s speech in reference to stage and film adaptations by Richard Brinsley Peake, James Whale and Nick Dear. The focus of the article is the Monster’s vocality and ability to communicate, a complicated subject from the earliest of the novel’s adaptations. It examines the history of the Monster’s speech as well as the way in which that speech or silence interacts with the layers of adaptation each new version is engaged with. In this way it demonstrates how integral vocality is to a sympathetic vision of the Monster, even when it is no longer present in the adaptation. To utilize Marvin Carlson’s critical idiom, even our visions of the silent Monster are ghosted by the vocality of Shelley’s original creation. Nick Dear’s recent stage adaptation seeks to intervene in this trajectory and restore the Creature’s narrative, giving him both voice and authority over his own experiences.
Evangelización y precariedad : la arquitectura religiosa sin corporaciones ni academias en la nueva Granada.
Authors: Arango-Liévano Lucia 
Published: February 2016

En el presente artículo se aborda la arquitectura religiosa desde la perspectiva de una historia cultural, con el objetivo hacer un aporte metodológico al estudio de los procesos que permitieron la constitución de una arquitectura religiosa en la Nueva Granada (Colombia actual), territorio en el cual no existían circuitos oficiales de producción artística. Tomando distancia de una historiografía basada en el análisis de la forma y su clasificación taxonómica, se privilegia la investigación documental como principal herramienta metodológica. La lectura culturalista de los documentos que dan cuenta de la construcción de la iglesia de Pacho (Cundinamarca) contribuye a la comprensión de la estructura de los sistemas productivos en el territorio granadino. En el texto se reconocen algunos de los principales oficios implicados en la construcción (cantero, albañil, carpintero) y se da cuenta de los rangos jerárquicos dentro de cada oficio, los cuales permitieron la circulación de ideas y de conocimientos.
East Central Europe: the gate to Byzantium
Authors: Curta Florin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMedieval East Central Europe is currently defined as the territory between the Holy Roman-German Empire and Byzantium. Little attention has been paid to how the region mediated between Byzantium and the rest of Europe. From relics to texts, and from coins and pottery to helmets, the countries in East Central Europe - Hungary, Poland, and Bohemia - have not let all things Byzantine move farther afield. What and when Byzantine things were allowed to pass has been a matter of political circumstances. Particularly significant in this respect was the crusading period, during which Hungary came to be regarded as the gate to Byzantium. East Central Europe was perceived as an alternative, not as a part of the Byzantine Commonwealth. That may explain the weak interest in things Byzantine among the scholars in the region, with the notable exception of the Hungarian historians.
The Church of St. Catherine in Thessalonike: its topographical setting and the current state of scholarship
Authors: Hadjitryphonos Evangelia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Church of St. Catherine representing one of the outstanding achievements of Byzantine architecture in Thessaloniki, and vital to our understanding of late Byzantine church building, has not been sufficiently studied. The intention of this study is to present a number of issues - taking into consideration that the information about this church is dispersed in many studies about different topics of Byzantine culture and archaeology - and to focus on its topographical setting, its immediate environs, the available sources, and the current state of scholarship, as well to present new information such as the document of dedication on occasion of its conversion into a mosque. - The main conclusions to be drawn are the following: Limited information about the church and its area; its identification mostly with churches dedicated to Christ; its dedication to St. Catherine mentioned for the first time in the Ottoman period; conflicting proposals to dating the monument between the twelfth and the second half of the fourteenth century; consideration of two opinions, first holding the church design and its implementation according to a unified plan, and a second based on different phases requiring further examination.