bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lateral calcaneal artery as an alternative recipient vessel option for heel and lateral foot reconstruction
Authors: Woo Kyong‐Je , Park Jin‐Woo , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundClinical outcomes of consecutive use of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) as a recipient vessel for microsurgical reconstruction have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the LCA as a recipient vessel for microsurgical foot reconstruction based on anatomical study of CT angiography and clinical results of using this vessel as the recipient.MethodsAnatomic study was performed using CT angiography of 61 lower extremities (31 patients). The emerging point, course, and diameter of the LCA were evaluated using 3‐D reconstructed images. The LCA was used as the recipient artery in 17 consecutive patients with a mean age of 59 years (range: 23–77 years). Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap was used in most cases (16 of 17), and clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe LCA emerged 31.1 ± 9.8 mm proximal and 14.7 ± 5.0 mm posterior to the tip of the fibula and traversed 13.9 ± 2.7 mm posterior to the posterior margin of the lateral malleolus. The accompanying vein was used for venous outflow in five patients and the small saphenous vein was used in the remaining cases. Emergent re‐operation was performed in one case due to venous thrombosis, and salvage was successful. All flaps except for one with partial flap necrosis completely survived. During a mean follow‐up of 13 months, all but one of the patients were able to wear shoes and walk.ConclusionsThe LCA may be safely used as a recipient vessel for microsurgical heel and lateral foot reconstruction.Level of evidenceIV
Perineal reconstruction with multiple perforator flaps based on anatomical divisions
Authors: Hong Joon P. , Kim Chang G. , Suh Hyun S. , Kim Hoon , Yoon Chi S. , Kim Kyu N. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeReconstruction of perineal defects remains a challenge because such defects can be extensive, complex, and three‐dimensional. This report presents a retrospective review of our past 5 years of experience in perineal reconstruction, and suggests a simple algorithmic approach according to anatomical divisions with multiple pedicled perforator flaps for extensive perineal defects.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2015, 16 patients, including 5 men and 11 women, underwent reconstruction of extensive perineal defects. The defect size varied from 11 × 10 cm2 to 23 × 28 cm2. A total of 37 perforator flaps were used in 16 cases, which included Fournier's gangrene in 4 cases, extramammary Paget's disease in 4, and skin cancer in 8. The defects were categorized according to anatomical location, and were covered by multiple pedicled perforator flaps using the closest perforators based on the perforasome theory.ResultsAll of the defects achieved tension‐free primary closure. An average of 2.31 flaps (range, 2–3 flaps) was used for each patient. All of the flaps survived without partial or total loss, though temporary flap congestion occurred in three patients and minor wound dehiscence occurred in one case. There were no donor–site complications. During an average follow‐up of 11.06 months (range, 10–12 months), the reconstructed areas achieved good functional and aesthetic outcomes.ConclusionsMultiple pedicled perforator flaps could supply sufficient dimension to cover extensive perineal defects and achieve tension‐free closure. In addition, our simple algorithmic approach according to anatomical divisions could be easily applied to extensive perineal defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:394–401, 2017.
Simultaneous fluoroscopic and nuclear imaging: impact of collimator choice on nuclear image quality
Authors: van der Velden Sandra , Beijst Casper , Viergever Max A. , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeX‐ray‐guided oncological interventions could benefit from the availability of simultaneously acquired nuclear images during the procedure. To this end, a real‐time, hybrid fluoroscopic and nuclear imaging device, consisting of an X‐ray c‐arm combined with gamma imaging capability, is currently being developed (Beijst C, Elschot M, Viergever MA, de Jong HW. Radiol. 2015;278:232–238). The setup comprises four gamma cameras placed adjacent to the X‐ray tube. The four camera views are used to reconstruct an intermediate three‐dimensional image, which is subsequently converted to a virtual nuclear projection image that overlaps with the X‐ray image. The purpose of the present simulation study is to evaluate the impact of gamma camera collimator choice (parallel hole versus pinhole) on the quality of the virtual nuclear image.MethodsSimulation studies were performed with a digital image quality phantom including realistic noise and resolution effects, with a dynamic frame acquisition time of 1 s and a total activity of 150 MBq. Projections were simulated for 3, 5, and 7 mm pinholes and for three parallel hole collimators (low‐energy all‐purpose (LEAP), low‐energy high‐resolution (LEHR) and low‐energy ultra‐high‐resolution (LEUHR)). Intermediate reconstruction was performed with maximum likelihood expectation‐maximization (MLEM) with point spread function (PSF) modeling. In the virtual projection derived therefrom, contrast, noise level, and detectability were determined and compared with the ideal projection, that is, as if a gamma camera were located at the position of the X‐ray detector. Furthermore, image deformations and spatial resolution were quantified. Additionally, simultaneous fluoroscopic and nuclear images of a sphere phantom were acquired with a physical prototype system and compared with the simulations.ResultsFor small hot spots, contrast is comparable for all simulated collimators. Noise levels are, however, 3 to 8 times higher in pinhole geometries than in parallel hole geometries. This results in higher contrast‐to‐noise ratios for parallel hole geometries. Smaller spheres can thus be detected with parallel hole collimators than with pinhole collimators (17 mm vs 28 mm). Pinhole geometries show larger image deformations than parallel hole geometries. Spatial resolution varied between 1.25 cm for the 3 mm pinhole and 4 cm for the LEAP collimator. The simulation method was successfully validated by the experiments with the physical prototype.ConclusionA real‐time hybrid fluoroscopic and nuclear imaging device is currently being developed. Image quality of nuclear images obtained with different collimators was compared in terms of contrast, noise, and detectability. Parallel hole collimators showed lower noise and better detectability than pinhole collimators.
Systematic in vitro and in vivo characterization of Leukemia‐inhibiting factor‐ and Fibroblast growth factor‐derived porcine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Secher Jan O. , Ceylan Ahmet , Mazzoni Gianluca , Mashayekhi Kaveh , Li Tong , Muenthaisong Suchitra , Nielsen Troels T. , Li Dong , Li Shengting , Petkov Stoyan , Cirera Susanna , Luo Yonglun , Thombs Lori , Kadarmideen Haja N. , Dinnyes Andras , Bolund Lars , Roelen Bernard A.J. , Schmidt Mette , Callesen Henrik , Hyttel Poul , Freude Kristine K. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYDerivation and stable maintenance of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is challenging. We herein systematically analyzed two piPSC lines, derived by lentiviral transduction and cultured under either leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) conditions, to shed more light on the underlying biological mechanisms of porcine pluripotency. LIF‐derived piPSCs were more successful than their FGF‐derived counterparts in the generation of in vitro chimeras and in teratoma formation. When LIF piPSCs chimeras were transferred into surrogate sows and allowed to develop, only their prescence within the embryonic membranes could be detected. Whole‐transcriptome analysis of the piPSCs and porcine neonatal fibroblasts showed that they clustered together, but apart from the two pluripotent cell populations of early porcine embryos, indicating incomplete reprogramming. Indeed, bioinformatic analysis of the pluripotency‐related gene network of the LIF‐ versus FGF‐derived piPSCs revealed that ZFP42 (REX1) expression was absent in both piPSC‐like cells, whereas it was expressed in the porcine inner cell mass at Day 7/8. A second striking difference was the expression of ATOH1 in piPSC‐like cells, which was absent in the inner cell mass. Moreover, our gene expression analyses plus correlation analyses of known pluripotency genes identified unique relationships between pluripotency genes in the inner cell mass, which are to some extent, in the piPSC‐like cells. This deficiency in downstream gene activation and divergent gene expression may be underlie the inability to derive germ line‐transmitting piPSCs, and provides unique insight into which genes are necessary to achieve fully reprogrammed piPSCs. 84: 229–245, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of aging on region‐specific functional role and muscle geometry along human rectus femoris muscle
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Kouzaki Motoki , Moritani Toshio 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe compared the region‐specific neuromuscular activation and muscle morphology along the rectus femoris (RF) muscle between young and elderly.MethodsRatios of surface electromyography amplitude between hip flexion and knee extension (HF/KE) were compared among regions along the muscle for 9 young and 9 elderly men. Muscle thickness was also compared among the regions.ResultsHF/KE in the proximal region was significantly greater than in the middle and distal regions for both the young and elderly (P < 0.05). However, a significant difference in HF/KE between the middle and distal regions was found in the young (P < 0.05), but not in the elderly (P > 0.05). A difference in the region‐specific muscle thickness was observed between the young and elderly.ConclusionThese findings suggest that functional role and muscle morphology are regionally affected by aging along the RF muscle. Muscle Nerve 56: 982–986, 2017
Clarity in reporting terminology and definitions of set endpoints in resistance training
Authors: Steele James , Fisher James , Giessing Jürgen , Gentil Paulo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious resistance training (RT) recommendations and position stands have addressed variables that can be manipulated when producing RT interventions. However, 1 variable that has received little discussion is set endpoints (i.e., the endpoint of a set of repetitions). Set endpoints in RT are often considered to be proximity to momentary failure and are thought to be a primary variable determining effort in RT. Further, there has been ambiguity in the use and definition of terminology that has created issues in interpretation of research findings. The purpose of this paper was to: (1) provide an overview of the ambiguity in historical terminology around set endpoints; (2) propose a clearer set of definitions related to set endpoints; and (3) highlight the issues created by poor terminology and definitions. It is hoped this may permit greater clarity in reporting, interpretation, and application of RT interventions for researchers and practitioners.Muscle Nerve56: 368–374, 2017
A Review of the Evidence for Melanoma in Nine Inca Mummies
Authors: Mark S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn often cited statement in the medical literature is that nine Inca mummies (c.400 bc) had skin and osseous lesions from melanoma. However, a review of the pattern and type of osseous lesions exhibited by these individuals and the age of at least one of them indicate the data are inconsistent with a diagnosis of melanoma. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Overview of the Changing Landscape of Treatment for Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Lee Chung‐Shien , Thomas Christan M. , Ng Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2017

Melanoma—the deadliest form of skin cancer—leads to thousands of deaths each year. Although melanoma is less common than basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, melanoma is more dangerous because it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, if not diagnosed and treated early. Data from the National Cancer Institute indicate a steady rise in new cases of melanoma and, unfortunately, a steady rate in the number of deaths through 2013. Ninety percent of melanomas are linked to inadequate sun protection from ultraviolet rays or the tanning habits of young adults. Over the past 5 years, however, there have been a variety of new pharmacologic treatments for advanced melanoma including immunotherapy, targeted agents (BRAF and MEK inhibitors), and oncolytic viral therapy. In this article, we review the current literature on the treatment of melanoma, with a focus on emerging therapies.
Identifying Potentially Avoidable Readmissions: A Medication‐Based 15‐Day Readmission Risk Stratification Algorithm
Authors: Dorajoo Sreemanee Raaj , See Vincent , Chan Chen Teng , Tan Joyce Zhenyin , Tan Doreen Su Yin , Abdul Razak Siti Maryam Binte , Ong Ting Ting , Koomanan Narendran , Yap Chun Wei , Chan Alexandre 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStratifying patients according to 15‐day readmission risk would be useful in identifying those who may benefit from targeted interventions during and/or following hospital discharge that are designed to reduce the likelihood of readmission.MethodsA prediction model was derived via a case–control analysis of patients discharged from a tertiary hospital in Singapore using multivariate logistic regression. The model was validated in two independent external cohorts separated temporally and geographically. Model discrimination was assessed using the C‐statistic, while calibration was assessed using the Hosmer‐Lemeshow χ2 and the Brier score statistics.ResultsA total of 1291 patients were included with 670, 101, and 520 patients in the derivation, temporal, and geographical validation cohorts, respectively. Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.03, p=0.008), anemia (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.15–8.05, p=0.015), malignancy (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.16–9.80, p=0.026), peptic ulcer disease (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.12–8.26, p=0.029), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.24–8.05, p=0.016), number of discharge medications (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, p=0.026), discharge to nursing homes (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.57–8.34, p=0.003), and premature discharge against medical advice (OR 5.05, 95% CI 1.20–21.23, p=0.027) were independent predictors of 15‐day readmission risk. The model demonstrated reasonable discrimination on the temporal and geographical validation cohorts with a C‐statistic of 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. Model miscalibration was observed in both validation cohorts.ConclusionA 15‐day readmission risk prediction model is proposed and externally validated. The model facilitates the targeting of interventions for patients who are at high risk of an early readmission.
Confined crystallization behaviors in polyethylene/silica nanocomposites: Synergetic effects of interfacial interactions and filler network
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Su Yunlan , Gao Xia , Qian Qingyun , Chen Xin , Wittenbrink Robert , Wang Dujin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe confinement effects introduced by nanoparticles have been reported to influence the phase behaviors thus the properties of polymer nanocomposites. In this study, molecular dynamics and crystallization behaviors of polyethylene (PE) composited with three types of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, namely unmodified SiO2, hydrophobically modified SiO2, SiO2‐APTES (3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and SiO2‐PTES (n‐propyltriethoxysilane), were systematically investigated via a combination of DSC, XRD and 1H solid‐state NMR measurements. The suppressions in crystallization and chain mobilities of PE rank in the order of unmodified SiO2 < SiO2‐APTES < SiO2‐PTES due to the increasing interfacial interactions between PE and SiO2 nanoparticles. Additionally, independent of polymer–nanoparticle interactions, a silica network forms for all three kinds of nanocomposites when SiO2 content reaches 83 wt %. The mobilities of polymer chains are severely restricted by such a percolated network structure, leading to a turning point in the crystallization ability of nanocomposites and a new crystallization peak at 45 °C lower than that of pure PE. The synergetic effects of interfacial interactions and filler network on polymer crystallization have been thoroughly studied in this work, which will provide guidance on modifying and designing nanocomposites with controlled properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 498–505
Probing into the epitaxial crystallization of β form isotactic polypropylene: From experimental observations to molecular mechanics computation
Authors: Wang Zefan , Yang Wenhong , Liu Guoming , Müller Alejandro J. , Zhao Ying , Dong Xia , Wang Kezhi , Wang Dujin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCompared with the most stable crystalline form of isotactic polypropylene (α‐iPP), β‐iPP shows superior impact strength and high temperature performance, though the mechanism of how the frustrated structure of β‐iPP is formed still remains unclear. In present work, the single crystal structure of a traditional β‐iPP nucleating agent, N,N′‐dicyclohexylterephthalamide (DCHT), was obtained for the first time and correlated with the epitaxial crystallization of β‐iPP on the surface of DCHT crystal. The combination of synchrotron radiation X‐ray microdiffraction and molecular chain packing model confirmed that a two dimensional match of chain‐axis and inter‐chain direction coexists between β‐iPP (110) plane and DCHT (001) plane. It was further found that an epitaxial model is helpful to understand the formation of the frustrated structure of 31 helices packing in β‐iPP. The molecular mechanics computation showed that as the (001) plane of DCHT is fixed, the packing mode of β‐iPP (110) plane on the substrate surface is more stable than that of α‐iPP (010) plane. This work clarifies the epitaxial crystallization mechanism of β‐iPP on DCHT by employing both experimental and computational evidences. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 418–424
Diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised children with malignant and non‐malignant disorders
Authors: Nadimpalli Sruti , Foca Marc , Satwani Prakash , Sulis Maria Luisa , Constantinescu Andrei , Saiman Lisa 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the Immunocompromised pediatric population has ranged from 28% to 68%. We hypothesized that the diagnostic yield of BALs would be higher in more recent years due to new diagnostic assays.MethodsA retrospective case series was performed among immunocompromised children ≤18 years old who underwent BALs from 2001 to 2012, to assess the yield of microbiologic diagnostic studies and to determine the impact of BAL findings on antimicrobial management.ResultsIn all, 123 subjects underwent 174 BALs (mean age 9.9 years). Underlying diagnoses included both malignant (n = 79) and non‐malignant (n = 44) disorders, and 75 (61.0%) subjects were hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Fifty‐four (31.0%) of 174 BAL were positive for ≥1 potential pathogen (n = 58 microorganisms). The diagnostic yield of BALs performed from 2001 to 2006 versus2007–2012 was similar (40.5% vs. 26.6%, respectively, P = 0.07). Most subjects (86.2%) were on ≥1 antimicrobial at the time of BAL. Most (65.8%) negative BALs were associated with narrowing antimicrobial therapy, while most (74.1%) positive BALs were associated with continuing or changing to targeted antimicrobial therapy.ConclusionsIn this study population, the diagnostic yield of BAL was similar to that previously described and unchanged in more recent years. Both negative and positive BALs were associated with changes in antimicrobial management.SummaryA 10‐year retrospective review of bronchoalveolar lavage in 123 immunocompromised children determined that the rate of isolation of potential pathogens was 31% in this population. The majority of BAL was associated with a change in antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:820–826. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel zero‐watermarking approach of medical images based on Jacobian matrix model
Authors: Ghadi Musab , Laouamer Lamri , Nana Laurent , Pascu Anca 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnsuring the medical images authenticity becomes an essential need. This need has to keep of course two factors: (i) high robustness and (ii) low complexity in term of processing. A zero‐watermarking scheme could be a practical solution for this matter. This paper proposes a zero‐watermarking algorithm to assure the authenticity of the transmitted medical images through an e‐healthcare network. The targeted image is partitioned into 8 × 8 non‐overlapping blocks, and the Jacobian matrix model is used to construct a meaningful watermark. In order to reduce the complexity, our model does not encrypt the watermark image. The experiment results show a remarkable efficiency of the proposed model in terms of similarity, error probability, and robustness against a variety of geometric and non‐geometric attacks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light‐Activated Antibacterial Nanoscale Films: Metallo‐Organics for Catalytic Generation of Chemically Accessible Singlet‐Oxygen in Water
Authors: Morozov Michael , Carmieli Raanan , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe demonstrated a heterogeneous and efficient photocatalytic method to reduce the bacterial content in water with reusable metallo‐organic thin films. These functionalized assemblies constructed of a network of polypyridyl complexes generate reactive singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation that induces lysis of bacterial cells. The singlet oxygen photosensitizers are robust and were successfully applied to surface water samples contaminated with both Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria. The catalytic formation of singlet oxygen by our antibacterial coatings was confirmed chemically by reactions with both inorganic and organic compounds.
Prediction of the mechanical behavior of flax polypropylene composites based on multi-scale finite element analysis
Authors: Zhong Yucheng , Tran Le Quan Ngoc , Kureemun Umeyr , Lee Heow Pueh 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Natural fibers and their composites differ in several aspects with carbon fibers, including higher scatter in strength and different tensile responses. The tensile and bending properties of flax fiber composites were experimentally studied and numerically simulated. Composite panels were fabricated from unidirectional flax fiber tapes and polypropylene films via hot pressing technique. The variation in the properties of flax/polypropylene composites was found to be relatively moderate as compared with that of single natural fibers. A multi-scale finite element analysis (FEA) strategy for the progressive damage prediction of natural fiber composites was developed. The FEA model started from micro-scale analysis which predicted the effective properties of unidirectional flax ply through representative volume element. Macro-scale analysis was conducted subsequently to predict the properties of composite coupons using the results of micro-scale analysis as inputs. The developed multi-scale FE model successfully predicted the tensile strength, bending behavior, and major failure modes of flax/polypropylene composites.