bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Talents‐in‐Waiting: Case Study Analysis of Chinese and Indian High‐Skilled Migrants in South Australia
Authors: Sardana Deepak , Zhu Ying , van der Veen Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNations across the world and through time have used skilled migration mechanisms to boost economic growth and workforce competitiveness. However, effectively using these talents from abroad and transforming this collective human capital into valuable social capital is an on‐going challenge. This study applies a case study analysis of skilled migrants from China and India in South Australia and finds that there are multiple barriers to the successful integration of skilled migrants. These barriers tend to block the effective utilization of migrants’ skills and reduce the ability to advance social capital in the community. The study concludes by putting forward various policy recommendations to overcome these obstacles and outlines ideas for an effective application of a skilled migrant programme.
Morin hydrate promotes inner ear neural stem cell survival and differentiation and protects cochlea against neuronal hearing loss
Authors: He Qiang , Jia Zhanwei , Zhang Ying , Ren Xiumin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effect of morin hydrate on neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from mouse inner ear and its potential in protecting neuronal hearing loss. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays were employed to assess the effect of morin hydrate on the viability and proliferation ofin vitroNSCculture. TheNSCs were then differentiated into neurons, in which neurosphere formation and differentiation were evaluated, followed by neurite outgrowth and neural excitability measurements in the subsequentin vitroneuronal network. Mechanotransduction of cochleaex vivoculture and auditory brainstem responses threshold and distortion product optoacoustic emissions amplitude in mouse ototoxicity model were also measured following gentamicin treatment to investigate the protective role of morin hydrate against neuronal hearing loss. Morin hydrate improved viability and proliferation, neurosphere formation and neuronal differentiation of inner earNSCs, and promotedin vitroneuronal network functions. In bothex vivoandin vivoototoxicity models, morin hydrate prevented gentamicin‐induced neuronal hearing loss. Morin hydrate exhibited potent properties in promoting growth and differentiation of inner earNSCs into functional neurons and protecting from gentamicin ototoxicity. Our study supports its clinical potential in treating neuronal hearing loss.
Activation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels facilitates the function of human endothelial colony‐forming cells via Ca2+/Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: Wu Yan , He Meng‐Yu , Ye Jian‐Kui , Ma Shu‐Ying , Huang Wen , Wei Yong‐Yue , Kong Hui , Wang Hong , Zeng Xiao‐Ning , Xie Wei‐Ping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccumulating data, including those from our laboratory, have shown that the opening of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) plays a protective role in pulmonary vascular diseases (PVD). As maintainers of the endothelial framework, endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) are considered excellent candidates for vascular regeneration in cases of PVD. Although KATP openers (KCOs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on endothelial cells, the impact of KATP on ECFC function remains unclear. Herein, this study investigated whether there is a distribution of KATP in ECFCs and what role KATP play in ECFC modulation. By human ECFCs isolated from adult peripheral blood, KATP were confirmed for the first time to express in ECFCs, comprised subunits of Kir (Kir6.1, Kir6.2) and SUR2b. KCOs such as the classical agent nicorandil (Nico) and the novel agent iptakalim (Ipt) notably improved the function of ECFCs, promoting cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, which were abolished by a non‐selective KATP blocker glibenclamide (Gli). To determine the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the impacts of KCOs on CaMKII, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathways. Enhanced levels were detected by western blotting, which were abrogated by Gli. This suggested an involvement of Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of ECFCs by KATP. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that there is a distribution of KATP in ECFCs and KATP play a vital role in ECFC function. The present work highlighted a novel profile of KATP as a potential target for ECFC modulation, which may hold the key to the treatment of PVD.
The consequences of facultative sex in a prey adapting to predation
Authors: Koch H. , Becks L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA species reproductive mode, along with its associated costs and benefits, can play a significant role in its evolution and survival. Facultative sexuality, being able to reproduce both sexually and asexually, has been deemed evolutionary favourable as the benefits of either mode may be fully realized. In fact, many studies have focused on identifying the benefits of sex and/or the forces selecting for increased rates of sex using facultative sexual species. The costs of either mode, however, can also have a profound impact on a population's evolutionary trajectory. Here, we used experimental evolution and fitness assays to investigate the consequences of facultative sexuality in prey adapting to predation. Specifically, we compared the adaptive response of algal prey populations exposed to constant rotifer predation and which had alternating cycles of asexual and sexual reproduction where sexual episodes were either facultative (sexual and asexual progeny simultaneously propagated) or obligate (only sexual progeny propagated). We found that prey populations with facultative sexual episodes reached a lower final relative fitness and suffered a greater trade‐off in traits under selection, that is defence and competitive ability, as compared to prey populations with obligate sexual episodes. Our results suggest that costs associated with sexual reproduction (germination time) and asexual reproduction (selection interference) were amplified in the facultative sexual prey populations, leading to a reduction in the net advantage of sexuality. Additionally, we found evidence that the cost of sex was reduced in the obligate sexual prey populations because increased selection for sex was observed via the spontaneous production of sexual cells. These results show that certain costs associated with facultative sexuality can affect an organism's evolutionary trajectory.
Reductions in Medication‐Related Hospitalizations in Older Adults with Medication Management by Hospital and Community Pharmacists: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Pellegrin Karen L. , Krenk Les , Oakes Sheena Jolson , Ciarleglio Anita , Lynn Joanne , McInnis Terry , Bairos Alistair W. , Gomez Lara , McCrary Mercedes Benitez , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Miyamura Jill 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between a system of medication management services provided by specially trained hospital and community pharmacists (Pharm2Pharm) and rates and costs of medication‐related hospitalization in older adults.DesignQuasi‐experimental interrupted time series design comparing intervention and nonintervention hospitals using a mixed‐effects analysis that modeled the intervention as a time‐dependent variable.SettingSequential implementation of Pharm2Pharm at six general nonfederal acute care hospitals in Hawaii with more than 50 beds in 2013 and 2014. All five other such hospitals served as a contemporaneous comparison group.ParticipantsAdult inpatients who met criteria for being at risk for medication problems (N = 2,083), 62% of whom were aged 65 or older.InterventionA state‐wide system of medication management services provided by specially trained hospital and community pharmacists serving high‐risk individuals from hospitalization through transition to home and for up to 1 year after discharge.MeasurementsMedication‐related hospitalization rate per 1,000 admissions of individuals aged 65 and older, adjusted for case mix; estimate of costs of hospitalizations and actual costs of pharmacist services.ResultsThe predicted, case mix–adjusted medication‐related hospitalization rate of individuals aged 65 and older was 36.5% lower in the Pharm2Pharm hospitals after implementation than in the nonintervention hospitals (P = .01). The estimated annualized cost of avoided admissions was $6.6 million. The annual cost of the pharmacist services for all Pharm2Pharm participants was $1.8 million.ConclusionThe Pharm2Pharm model was associated with an estimated 36% reduction in the medication‐related hospitalization rate for older adults and a 2.6:1 return on investment, highlighting the value of pharmacists as drug therapy experts in geriatric care.
Evaluation of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index as a predictor of 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk in a group of Iranian employees
Authors: Hariri N. , Darafshi Ghahroudi S. , Nasseri E. , Bondarianzadeh D. , Houshyar‐Rad A. , Zayeri F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundNoncommunicable diseases, of which almost half are some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), have overtaken communicable diseases as the world's major disease burden. There is growing evidence that indices of diet quality could have an association with a decreased risk of CVD in several countries. We aimed to examine the association between diet quality, as measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and 10‐year predicted CVD risk based on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in a group of Iranian employees.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted on 296 (232 male, 64 female) employees aged ≥30 years selected by nonrandom sampling. AHEI was calculated according to a food frequency questionnaire with complementary questions on intake of cooking fats and oils among households. The 10‐year risk of CVD was calculated based on FRS. Total and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure were measured to help in the calculation of FRS.ResultsAHEI did not have a significant relationship with FRS (r = −0.02, P = 0.67). However, some of its components, such as the intake of nuts and soy groups (r = −0.11, P = 0.04) and fruits (r = −0.14, P = 0.01), had a significant relationship with a reduced risk of CVD. According to stepwise multiple linear regression results, for every single increase in the intake of fruit servings, there would be a 0.14 reduction in the 10‐year CVD risk score (β = −0.14, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe present study showed no significant relationship between AHEI and the 10‐year predicted risk of CVD among Iranian employees.
Vegetarianism and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk: an overview and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Godos J. , Bella F. , Sciacca S. , Galvano F. , Grosso G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundVegetarian diets may be associated with certain benefits toward human health, although current evidence is scarce and contrasting. In the present study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed with respect to the association between vegetarian diets and breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk.MethodsStudies were systematically searched in Pubmed and EMBASE electronic databases. Eligible studies had a prospective design and compared vegetarian, semi‐ and pesco‐vegetarian diets with a non‐vegetarian diet. Random‐effects models were applied to calculate relative risks (RRs) of cancer between diets. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were explored.ResultsA total of nine studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Studies were conducted on six cohorts accounting for 686 629 individuals, and 3441, 4062 and 1935 cases of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, respectively. None of the analyses showed a significant association of vegetarian diet and a lower risk of either breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer compared to a non‐vegetarian diet. By contrast, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was associated with a semi‐vegetarian diet (RR = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.79–0.94; I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.82) and a pesco‐vegetarian diet (RR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval = 0.53, 0.83; I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.46) compared to a non‐vegetarian diet. The subgroup analysis by cancer localisation showed no differences in summary risk estimates between colon and rectal cancer.ConclusionsA summary of the existing evidence from cohort studies on vegetarian diets showed that complete exclusion of any source of protein from the diet is not associated with further benefits for human health.
Development and validation of the Learning Disabilities Needs Assessment Tool (LDNAT), a HoNOS‐based needs assessment tool for use with people with intellectual disability
Authors: Painter J. , Trevithick L. , Hastings R. P. , Ingham B. , Roy A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn meeting the needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) who access health services, a brief, holistic assessment of need is useful. This study outlines the development and testing of the Learning Disabilities Needs Assessment Tool (LDNAT), a tool intended for this purpose.MethodAn existing mental health (MH) tool was extended by a multidisciplinary group of ID practitioners. Additional scales were drafted to capture needs across six ID treatment domains that the group identified. LDNAT ratings were analysed for the following: item redundancy, relevance, construct validity and internal consistency (n = 1692); test–retest reliability (n = 27); and concurrent validity (n = 160).ResultsAll LDNAT scales were deemed clinically relevant with little redundancy apparent. Principal component analysis indicated three components (developmental needs, challenging behaviour, MH and well‐being). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach alpha 0.80). Individual item test–retest reliability was substantial‐near perfect for 20 scales and slight‐fair for three scales. Overall reliability was near perfect (intra‐class correlation = 0.91). There were significant associations with five of six condition‐specific measures, i.e. the Waisman Activities of Daily Living Scale (general ability/disability), Threshold Assessment Grid (risk), Behaviour Problems Inventory for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities‐Short Form (challenging behaviour) Social Communication Questionnaire (autism) and a bespoke physical health questionnaire. Additionally, the statistically significant correlations between these tools and the LDNAT components made sense clinically. There were no statistically significant correlations with the Psychiatric Assessment Schedules for Adults with Developmental Disabilities (a measure of MH symptoms in people with ID).ConclusionsThe LDNAT had clinically utility when rating the needs of people with ID prior to condition‐specific assessment(s). Analyses of internal and external validity were promising. Further evaluation of its sensitivity to changes in needs is now required.
Formation, release, and internalization of stable tau oligomers in cells
Authors: Wegmann Susanne , Nicholls Samantha , Takeda Shuko , Fan Zhanyun , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTau is a neuronal microtubule‐binding protein that, in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, can form oligomeric and large fibrillar aggregates, which deposit in neurofibrillary tangles. Tau's physiological state of multimerization appears to vary across conditions, and a stable dimeric form of soluble tau has been suggested from experiments using recombinant tau in vitro. We tested if tau dimerization or oligomerization, also occurs in cells, and if soluble tau oligomers are relevant for the release and internalization of tau. We developed a sensitive tau split‐luciferase assay to show the rapid intracellular formation of stable tau dimers that are released and taken up by cells. Our data further suggest that tau dimerization can be accelerated slightly by aggregation catalysts. We conclude that tau oligomers are a stable physiological form of tau, and that tau oligomerization does not necessarily lead to tau aggregation.
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Characterisation of aggression in Huntington's disease: rates, types and antecedents in an inpatient rehabilitation setting
Authors: Brown Anahita , Sewell Katherine , Fisher Caroline A. 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesTo systematically review aggression in an inpatient Huntington's cohort examining rates, types and antecedents.BackgroundAlthough the prevalence of aggression in Huntington's disease is high, research into this problematic behaviour has been limited. Few studies have investigated the nature of aggressive behaviour in Huntington's disease or antecedents that contribute to its occurrence.DesignA systematic, double‐coded, electronic medical file audit.MethodsThe electronic hospital medical records of 10 people with Huntington's disease admitted to a brain disorders unit were audited for a 90‐day period using the Overt Aggression Scale‐Modified for Neurorehabilitation framework, yielding 900 days of clinical data.ResultsNine of 10 clients exhibited aggression during the audit period. Both verbal (37·1%) aggression and physical aggression were common (33·8%), along with episodes of mixed verbal and physical aggression (15·2%), while aggression to objects/furniture was less prevalent (5·5%). The most common antecedent was physical guidance with personal care, far exceeding any other documented antecedents, and acting as the most common trigger for four of the nine clients who exhibited aggression. For the remaining five clients, there was intraindividual heterogeneity in susceptibility to specific antecedents.ConclusionIn Huntington's sufferers at mid‐ to late stages following disease onset, particular care should be made with personal care assistance due to the propensity for these procedures to elicit an episode of aggression. However, given the degree of intraindividual heterogeneity in susceptibility to specific antecedents observed in the present study, individualised behaviour support plans and sensory modulation interventions may be the most useful in identifying triggers and managing aggressive episodes.Relevance to clinical practiceRates of aggression in Huntington's disease inpatients can be high. Knowledge of potential triggers, such as personal care, is important for nursing and care staff, so that attempts can be made to minimise distress for patients and maximise the personal safety of care staff.
Combined treatment with cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Karbasian Niloofar , Sheikh Mahdi , Pirjani Reihaneh , Hazrati Shahla , Tara Fatemeh , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimWe compared the effectiveness of a combined treatment involving cervical pessary plus vaginal progesterone to vaginal progesterone alone in decreasing the rate of preterm birth in women with short cervix in the second gestational trimester.MethodsThis prospective, open‐label, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 144 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy who had a cervical length ≤ 25 mm, at 18–22 gestational weeks (GW). Seventy‐three patients were assigned to receive 400 mg of daily vaginal progesterone (group A), and 73 to receive cervical pessary plus 400 mg of daily vaginal progesterone (group B), until the 37th GW. The patients were then followed until delivery.ResultsThe rates of preterm birth were 16.4% in group A and 19.7% in group B, which were not statistically different (P = 0.6). There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of preterm birth at <37, <34, <32, and ≤26 GW between participants randomized to each group (P = 0.55). The rates of low‐birthweight delivery were 17.8% in group A, and 23.9% in group B, which were not statistically different (P = 0.36). The rates of premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, the requirement for neonatal intensive care unit admission, and fetal and neonatal deaths were similar between the two groups.ConclusionIn pregnancies with short cervix at mid‐pregnancy, combination therapy of cervical pessary plus daily vaginal progesterone does not have any additional benefit over daily vaginal progesterone alone in reducing the rate of preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The Motivating Power of Visionary Images: Effects on Motivation, Affect, and Behavior
Authors: Rawolle Maika , Schultheiss Oliver C. , Strasser Alexandra , Kehr Hugo M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveVisionary images are identity‐relevant, picture‐like mental representations of a desirable and attainable future appearing regularly in a person's stream of thought. Prior research indicates that both mental and real images provide access to implicit motives. We therefore proposed that visionary images motivate people by arousing their implicit motives and tested this hypothesis in two experimental studies.MethodWe used guided visualizations to administer motive‐domain‐specific visionary images (Study 1: achievement and neutral, Mage = 24.4, 51 participants, 34 women; Study 2: affiliation and power, Mage = 24.01, 51 participants, 28 women) to arouse the respective implicit motive. Motivation was measured via residual changes in affective (i.e., changes in affective arousal), behavioral (i.e., performance on a concentration task, behavioral choices in a prisoner's dilemma), and mental (i.e., motive imagery in the Picture Story Exercise) indicators of motivation.ResultsThe results largely confirmed our hypothesis. Visionary images increased motivation in the targeted domain. Some effects were moderated by participants' implicit motives.ConclusionsThe findings underscore the role of implicit motives in understanding the motivational effectiveness of visionary images.
Predictors of Obesity in a US Sample of High School Adolescents With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Papas Mia A. , Trabulsi Jillian C. , Axe Michelle , Rimmer James H. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildhood obesity is a major public health concern. Children with disabilities have a higher prevalence of obesity.OBJECTIVEWe examined factors associated with obesity within a cross‐sectional study of US adolescents with and without disabilities.METHODSData were obtained from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess effects of dietary habits, physical activity, and unhealthy weight control behaviors on obesity. Effect modification by disability status was examined.RESULTSTwenty percent (1986 of 9775 participants) reported a disability. Adolescents with disabilities were more likely to be obese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐2.1) and have at least 1 unhealthy weight control behavior (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.6‐2.5), and were less likely to be physically active (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4‐0.6). Lack of physical activity, increased television watching/video game playing, and unhealthy weight loss behaviors were significantly associated with obesity regardless of disability status (p‐for‐interaction >.05).CONCLUSIONSSuccessful obesity interventions should target diet, physical activity, and weight control among adolescents with disabilities. Understanding barriers to healthier diet and physical activity for this population is critical to developing effective obesity prevention programs and reducing the prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors.