bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of Human Remains Encased in Concrete: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Forcucci Jessica A. , Damron Alexander T. , Batalis Nicholas I. 
Published: April 2017

While fortunately relatively uncommon, law enforcement and death investigators may encounter decedents who have been deliberately concealed in some elaborate fashion. This may involve a body buried in a shallow grave, a body placed into a container such as a drum or suitcase (sometimes after dismemberment), or a body encased in concrete. Regarding the latter, while occasionally one may read about such cases in the media or fictional stories, there is a relative paucity of such cases reported in the forensic literature. This can be problematic when one encounters such a case, as there are several unique issues to navigate, including handling and examining what may be a large, heavy mass of concrete, accessing the body, obtaining appropriate radiological studies, and certifying the death (which may be challenging if extensive decomposition is present). We present a case of a 2-year-old child who was killed and then entombed in concrete within a trash barrel for over a month before the body was discovered. This report includes a detailed description of our approach of the examination and handling of the remains and a literature review to identify similar cases with a focus on the most commonly reported causes and manners of death. We then conclude with a brief discussion of using the terminology “homicidal violence” or “homicide by unspecified means” in cases such as the one presented.
Forensic Markers Associated with a History of Elder Mistreatment and Self-Neglect: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Burnett Jason , Mitchell Roger A. , Cloyd Elizabeth A. , Halphen John M. , Diamond Pamela M. , Hochschild Ann E. , Booker James , Dyer Carmel B. 
Published: April 2017

Elder mistreatment (EM) and elder self-neglect (SN) are risk factors for mortality. Medical examiners (ME) seldom investigate EM and SN as potential influences of death in older adults. Recognizing forensic markers associated with EM and/or SN may lead to further investigation into EM and SN as potential contributors and thus, may impact the cause and manner of death. Methods One-hundred and ninety-two Adult Protective Services (APS)-substantiated EM and SN cases 65 years of age and older, residing in Houston, Texas in Harris County with ME records were matched on age, race, gender and socio-economic status to individuals with ME records and no APS history. A conditional logistic regression was conducted to identify variables that reliably predict ME cases with an APS history. Results APS cases had significantly higher odds of having a history of pressure sores (OR: 2.4; 95% CI = 1.2 – 4.9), but had significantly lower odds of presenting with abnormally high body mass indexes (OR: 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3 – 0.9). Conclusion These data suggest that forensic case information such as a decedent history of pressure sores may indicate a past history of elder mistreatment or self-neglect. In contrast, having an abnormally high body mass index may indicate a lack of APS history. More studies are needed to better define these predictors and to identify other predictors that may assist forensic pathologists in identifying deaths in older adults that may have been impacted by EM and/or SN.
Laceration of the Diaphragm: An Autopsy Series
Authors: Grisez Brian , Arbefeville Elise , Adams Vernard I. 
Published: April 2017

In the surgical literature, laceration of the diaphragm is reported three times more often on the left side than the right, and bilateral lacerations are uncommon. However, in reported autopsy series, right, left, and bilateral lacerations occur at approximately equal frequencies. Few reports mention lacerations of the diaphragmatic crura. This retrospective case series describes the spectrum of autopsy findings in subjects with diaphragmatic lacerations and includes lacerations of the crura. Methods Records were reviewed from a consecutive series of 145 autopsies on subjects who died in traffic accidents or falls or leaps from a great height. The diagnostic standard was direct observation at autopsy. Results Twenty-two subjects had laceration of the diaphragm. Of these, four had a right leaf laceration, five had left leaf laceration, five had bilateral leaf lacerations, and nine had crural lacerations. Eight subjects with leaf lacerations also had herniations of viscera through the laceration. The lacerations ranged in length from 4 to 20 cm. All subjects sustained additional trauma to the torso. Nineteen of 22 subjects died of severe central nervous system trauma, cardiac or aortic trauma, or both. Conclusions Lacerations of the diaphragmatic crura are more common than previously reported. The incidence of right, left, and bilateral leaf lacerations is similar to that reported in other autopsy series. Lacerations of the diaphragm are associated with severe trauma of the central nervous system, heart, and aorta.
Florida's Medicolegal Death Investigation System: A Brief History of the Medical Examiners Commission
Authors: Hyma Bruce A. , Nelson Stephen J. 
Published: April 2017

Throughout Florida history, death investigations were performed under a haphazard or nonexistent system of justices of the peace coroners. These investigations were restricted to certain types of criminal deaths and deaths in jail, ignoring the vast majority of unexpected or violent deaths. There had not been a provision for the investigation of the large number of sudden, natural and violent deaths that fall into the non-criminal, yet public interest, category. Few states have an oversight and regulatory body such as Florida's Medical Examiners Commission. Its purpose is to advise medical examiners and to develop policies and procedures for how medicolegal death investigation is performed in the state. This article describes the formation and function of our Medical Examiners Commission and its membership, and also briefly describes other states that have a regulatory commission or similar governing body.
Fatalities Due to Choking: Internal Occlusion of Airway
Authors: Coffey Amy , Pasquale-Styles Melissa A. , Gill James R. 
Published: April 2017

Deaths due to internal obstructions of the airway (choking) are preventable injuries that are often associated with underlying risk factors including neurologic impairment by disease, intoxication, or very young or old age. We reviewed 138 decedents with accidental internal obstruction of the airway. Records including autopsy, toxicology, and investigators’ reports were reviewed for a five-year period. There were 138 choking deaths and the age ranged from one to 96 years (mean = 57). Neurologic disease (e.g., remote cerebral vascular events, dementia, developmental disorders) was the most common risk factor for fatal choking (51%), followed by acute alcohol intoxication (13%), psychiatric illness (8%), and young age (8%). In 8% of decedents, there was no identifiable risk factor following investigation, autopsy, and toxicological examinations. The choking episode most commonly occurred in residences (62%), followed by nursing home/long-term care facilities (20%), streets/parks (6%), restaurants/bars (4%), and schools (1%, including one culinary school). Meat was the most commonly identified food object (14%); non-food objects included drug packets. It is exceedingly rare for a neurologically intact adult to choke to death on a bolus of food without another underlying, identifiable risk factor. For death investigation, it is important to have a high index of suspicion for choking, and one must be careful not to confuse terminal aspiration of gastric contents with a fatal blockage of the airway by a swallowed bolus of food. A risk factor should be sought in each choking death, as it usually is the underlying cause of death.
Menuju Teori Sastra Indonesia: Membangun Teori Prosa Fiksi Berbasis Novel-Novel Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Soedjijono Soedjijono 
Published: April 2017

Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah memerikan karakteristik struktur novel-novel kearifan lokal. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan untuk mengembangkan teori kesastraan Indonesia, terutama teori prosa fiksi. Empat novel Pengakuan Pariyem karya Linus Suryadi, Pasar karya Kuntowijoyo, Para Priyayi karya Umar Kayam, dan Ibu Sinder karya Pandir Kelana adalah subjek kajian ini. Pendekatan struktural dinamik dipilih untuk menganalisis masalah-masalah yang dipertanyakan. Dengan begitu, analisis ini mampu menerangkan elemen intrinsik, ekstrinsik dan historis untuk interpretasi lebih lanjut. Kajian ini telah menemukan tiga hasil penting: (1) karakteristik khas novel-novel kearifan lokal; (2) karakteristik khusus elemen struktural dalam novel-novel kearifan lokal; dan, (3) teori prosa fiksi Indonesia yang dihasilkan dari karakteristik yang ditemukan sebelumnya.

Abstract:
This fundamental study aims at describing the characteristics of the structure of local wisdom novels. The results of this study are expected to contribute to putting up Indonesian literary theory, particulary the theory of fiction prose. Four novels Linus Suryadi’s Pengakuan Pariyem, Kuntowijoyo’s Pasar, Umar Kayam’s Para Priyayi, and Pandir Kelana’s Ibu Sinder are the subjects of this study; and dynamic-structural approach is chosen to analyse the issues on question. Hence, it will be able to shed a light on the intrinsic, extrinsic and historical elements for further interpretation. This study has found out three important results: (1) typical characteristics of local wisdom novels; (2) specific characteristics of structural elements of local wisdom novels; and, (3) theory of Indonesian prose fiction resulting from the characteristics previously found.

Keywords: theory of fiction prose, local wisdom novels, dynamic-structural approach
Expression of Hepcidin and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels in Thalassemia Patients with Iron Overload and Positive Anti Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Indrasari Nuri Dyah , Timan Ina Susianti , Amalia Pustika 
Published: April 2017

Background: Thalassemia patients who undergo life-long recurrent blood transfusion will experience iron overload in various organs including the liver and possibly suffer from chronic hepatitis C infection which may lead to liver impairment. The liver produces hepcidin, a hormone which plays role in the regulation of iron level in the blood. Various factors may influence hepcidin level in the blood. Chronic hepatitis C causes iron overload and liver impairment. Liver impairment and haemolytic anaemia due to haemoglobinopathy will suppress hepcidin production. Anaemia stimulates growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) to increase erythropoiesis and suppress hepcidin production. Iron overload causes increase in hepcidin level. Presence of factors which decrease or increase hepcidin production will express various levels of hepcidin. This study aimed to identify the expression of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels in thalassemia patients with iron overload and positive anti-HCV. Information on hepcidin and GDF-15 levels are beneficial in the management of iron overload in thalassemia with positive anti-HCV.Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study in thalassemia patients who had received recurrent blood transfusion ≥ 12 times, suffered from iron overload (transferrin saturation 55% and ferritin 1,000 ng/mL), which consisted of 31 individuals with positive anti-HCV and 27 individuals with negative anti-HCV. This study was performed in Thalassemia Centre Department of Child Health and Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, in October 2011–January 2012. Serum hepcidin and GDF-15 examinations were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) examinations were performed using colorimetry method. Data on ferritin and transferrin saturation were obtained from medical records in the last 3 months. Data was analysed using SPSS Windows version 17 software.Results: Characteristics of subjects in this study included ferritin level, transferrin saturation, AST, and ALT were 5,289 (SD 2,492) ng/mL, 96.7 (SD 9.2)%, 41.8 (SD 26.7) U/L, and 50.6 (24.9) U/L, respectively. It was obtained that the hepcidin levels were within the normal limits with median of 51.5 (19-166) pg/mL, while GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range with median of 1,936 (643-2,475) pg/mL. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV groups, with p value of 0.842 and 0.115, respectively.Conclusion: We obtained that the hepcidin levels were within normal limits and GDF-15 levels were higher than the normal range. There was no significant difference of hepcidin and GDF-15 levels between positive and negative anti-HCV group.
Effect of age on feed efficiency and carcass yield characteristics of indigenous bull
Authors: Sultana N , Huque KS , Rahman MZ , Das NG 
Published: April 2017

The study was conducted with the objectives to understand the effect of age of native Pabna bulls on feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility and carcass yield characteristics. Fifteen Pabna bulls having five in each age groups of 6 to12, 13 to 24 and 25 to 36 months were fed ad libitum mix silages of Splendida (Setaria splendida) and Andrpogan (Andropogon gyunus) grasses (1:1 fresh) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 1% of live weight (LW) for a period of 72 days. With the increase of age, and subsequently LW (initial LW: 98.2, 182.6 and 288 kg, respectively), there was significant decrease in dry matter (DM) intake as % LW (<0.05; 2.94, 2.61 and 2.36, respectively) and increased daily gain (<0.01; 294, 519 and 597 g/d, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (>0.05; 10.88, 10.10 and 12.24, respectively) and DM digestibility (>0.05; 51.0, 48.1 and 49.1 %, respectively) of bulls were remained unchanged. In case of carcass yield characteristics, significantly lower yield grade (<0.01; 1.79, 1.27 and 0.20, respectively) of bulls of 25 to 36 years produced higher closely trimmed boneless retail cuts (CTBRC) (<0.01; 50.47, 51.64 and 54.14 %, respectively), retail cut (<0.01; 76.14, 78.55 and 83.48 %, respectively) and meat quality index (MQI) (<0.01; 67.28, 67.89 and 69.07, respectively) compared to younger bulls. It may, therefore, be recommended that beef cattle farming with native Pabna bulls of 24 to 36 months will give more daily LW gain and produce more CTBRC at a similar FCR compared to younger ones.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 17-23
Preservative effects of aqueous and ether extracts of Aframomum melegueta on West African soft cheese
Authors: Badmos AA , Imam AA , Annongu AA , Yusuff AT , Kayode RMO , Salami KO , Ahutu IA , Lawal AO 
Published: April 2017

The Total Bacterial Count, proximate composition, and sensory evaluation of West African Soft Cheese supplemented with aqueous and ether extracts of the spice Aframomum melegueta (at 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% each) were determined with a completely randomized design. Effects of the spice were monitored for 3 days. The results revealed that 3% concentration of the ether extract of the spice was the most inhibitory (p<0.05) of microbial growth for the duration of the experiment and it also significantly improved the fat, ash and protein contents of the cheese. The study recommended the addition of 3 % ether extract of A. melegueta as an additive to fortify West African soft cheese.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 51-56
El latinismo en antropónimos españoles
Authors: García Gallarín Consuelo 
Published: April 2017

La tendance d'écrire les noms propres en latin s 'observe dans les sources historiques espagnoles. Dans la documentation primitive, des noms personnels sont latinisés et s 'intègrent dans des formules (Antonius Gomez, Antonius notarius ; Johannes, episcopus Burgensis) ; ces formules sont conventionnelles, qui signalent des personnes d'un certain rang, ou spécifient la provenance du désigné avec les gentilices en latin, parce qu 'ils ne sont pas connus en castillan.
Pendant la période qui succède au Moyen Âge, cette pratique traditionnelle subsiste (Antonius, doctor) ; l'influence humanistique la fait perdurer ; par contre, il n'y a pas trace de nouveaux latinismes dans les corpus actuels des noms de famille délexicaux : le répertoire d'origine savant procède de mots enracinés dans la documentation médiévale (Nuncio, Notario, Preciado, Doctor, Sutil,) ; nous ne trouvons pas de données dérivées de la rénovation et de I' ampliation du lexique savant de la langue espagnole (XVe -XVIIe s.) dans le corpus actuel de noms de famille.
An Estimation of the Star Formation Rate in the Perseus Complex
Authors: Mercimek Seyma , Myers Philip C. , Lee Katherine I. , Sadavoy Sarah I. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present the results of our investigation of the star-forming potential in the Perseus star-forming complex. We build on previous starless core, protostellar core, and young stellar object (YSO) catalogs from Spitzer (3.6–70 μm), Herschel (70–500 μm), and SCUBA (850 μm) observations in the literature. We place the cores and YSOs within seven star-forming clumps based on column densities greater than

cm−2. We calculate the mean density and free-fall time for 69 starless cores as ∼5.55

g cm−3 and ∼0.1 Myr, respectively, and we estimate the star formation rate for the near future as ∼150 M
⊙ Myr−1. According to Bonnor–Ebert stability analysis, we find that majority of starless cores in Perseus are unstable. Broadly, these cores can collapse to form the next generation of stars. We found a relation between starless cores and YSOs, where the numbers of young protostars (Class 0 + Class I) are similar to the numbers of starless cores. This similarity, which shows a one-to-one relation, suggests that these starless cores may form the next generation of stars with approximately the same formation rate as the current generation, as identified by the Class 0 and Class I protostars. It follows that if such a relation between starless cores and any YSO stage exists, the SFR values of these two populations must be nearly constant. In brief, we propose that this one-to-one relation is an important factor in better understanding the star formation process within a cloud.
ZFIRE: The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Tully–Fisher Relation to Redshift ∼2.2
Authors: Straatman Caroline M. S. , Glazebrook Karl , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Labbé Ivo , Nanayakkara Themiya , Alcorn Leo , Cowley Michael , Kewley Lisa J. , Spitler Lee R. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Yuan Tiantian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Using observations made with MOSFIRE on Keck I as part of the ZFIRE survey, we present the stellar mass Tully–Fisher relation at

. The sample was drawn from a stellar-mass-limited,

-band-selected catalog from ZFOURGE over the CANDELS area in the COSMOS field. We model the shear of the Hα emission line to derive rotational velocities at

the scale radius of an exponential disk (

). We correct for the blurring effect of a 2D point-spread function (PSF) and the fact that the MOSFIRE PSF is better approximated by a Moffat than a Gaussian, which is more typically assumed for natural seeing. We find for the Tully–Fisher relation at

that

+(0.193 ± 0.108)

and infer an evolution of the zero-point of

or

compared to z = 0 when adopting a fixed slope of 0.29 or 1/4.5, respectively. We also derive the alternative kinematic estimator

, with a best-fit relation

, and infer an evolution of

compared to

if we adopt a fixed slope. We investigate and review various systematics, such as PSF effects, projection effects, systematics related to stellar mass derivation, selection biases, and slope. We find that discrepancies between the various literature values are reduced when taking these into account. Our observations correspond well with the gradual evolution predicted by semianalytic models.
Constraining the Age of a Magnetar Possibly Associated with FRB 121102
Authors: Cao Xiao-Feng , Yu Yun-Wei , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The similarity of the host galaxy of FRB 121102 with those of long gamma-ray bursts and Type I superluminous supernovae suggests that this fast radio burst (FRB) could be associated with a young magnetar. By assuming the FRB emission is produced within the magnetosphere, we derive a lower limit on the age of the magnetar, after which GHz emission is able to escape freely from the dense relativistic wind of the magnetar. Another lower limit is obtained by requiring the dispersion measure contributed by the electron/positron pair wind to be consistent with the observations of the host galaxy. Furthermore, we also derive some upper limits on the magnetar age with discussions on possible energy sources of the FRB emission and the recently discovered persistent radio counterpart. As a result, some constraints on model parameters are addressed by reconciling the lower limits with the possible upper limits that are derived with an assumption of the rotational energy source.
Antiviral Activity of Nobiletin against Chikungunya virus in vitro
Authors: Lin Shih-Chao , Chen Mei-Chun , Li Shiming , Lin Chi-Chen , Wang Tony T 
Published: April 2017

Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a highly contagious re-emerging virus, is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. CHIKV is prevalent in tropical countries and is continuing to creep farther north into temperate areas. CHIKV is responsible for induction of chikungunya fever (CF) and severe joint stiffness with the capability of developing into bilateral and systemic arthralgia or even encephalitis. Despite the high morbidity rate, no approved antiviral drug is available. Therefore, an anti-CHIKV therapy is necessary to control this disease. In this study, we screened four flavonoids for anti-CHIKV activities: nobiletin, phlorizin, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. Methods We performed MTT, Viral ToxGloTM and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays to assess the viability of CHIKV-infected host cells. Plaque assay and immunofluorescent assay were utilized to evaluate the levels of viral production in quantification and qualification, respectively. Results We first confirmed that nobiletin can maintain the cellular survival of infected cells without inducing significant toxicity to host cells. Nobiletin suppressed virus-induced cell death and viral production. Also, the antiviral efficacy of nobiletin can last for at least 48 h during infection. More importantly, nobiletin inhibited CHIKV infection during the translation/replication stages and viral entry, making nobiletin a potential clinical antiviral agent in prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment. Conclusions In this study, our results provided a strategy to develop anti-chikungunya agents by utilizing natural compounds. Also, we believe that nobiletin can be a potential antiviral agent against CHIKV infection worthy of being further investigated as a remedial candidate in vivo.