bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the glycaemic index and increasing the slowly digestible starch content in gluten‐free cereal‐based foods: a review
Authors: Giuberti Gianluca , Gallo Antonio 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCommercially available gluten‐free (GF) cereal‐based foods are generally characterised by a lower nutritional quality than their gluten‐containing counterparts, relatively lower resistant starch (RS) content, along with higher glycaemic index (GI) often being reported. To overcome this nutritional imbalance, extensive research has been conducted to investigate the preparation of a new generation of staple GF products. This review reported the main strategies currently adopted in GF cereal‐based food recipes to formulate products with overall slowly digestible starch properties. They are mainly obtained by the utilisation of alternative ingredients to be incorporated into standard food formulation (including native starch and GF flours) or by technological treatments that may contribute to impact starch digestibility. Considering data from in vitro digestion trials, indications suggested that, aiming to obtain a RS content of about 5% (dry weight) and lowering the in vitro GI values, the minimum high amylose starch (amylose >60%) replacement level in GF bread and cookie formulations should be in the order of 20% by weight of total flours. Overall, with respect to un‐substituted GF foods, two‐ to three‐times higher RS contents, along with a parallel in vitro GI decrease (up to −50%), were obtained for GF pasta and ready‐to‐eat snacks enriched with legume flours at inclusion levels from 40% to 100% by weight of total flours. The use of flours from pseudocereals (e.g., quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat) with and without sourdough did not always guarantee favourably slowly digestible starch GF foods.
Integration of Thought and Action: Arm Weights Facilitate Search Accuracy in 24‐Month‐Old Children
Authors: Arterberry Martha E. , Hespos Susan J. , Herth Rachel A. 
Published: September 2017

Search errors are common in cognitive tasks with infants and toddlers, and these errors reveal important insights to the development of competence and performance. Rivière and Lécuyer (2008, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 100, 1) demonstrated that 29‐month‐olds typically make an error during a search task involving invisible displacement. However, performance improves significantly when children wear weighted wrist bands while doing the task. To investigate this phenomenon further, we tested 24‐month‐old children in an identical search task (N = 35). Half the children wore weighted wrist bands, and the rest were in a no‐weight condition. To test how far this phenomenon generalizes, we also tested the same children in a second search task where they needed to find a ball that had rolled behind one of four doors. The results showed that children in the no‐weight condition replicated previous findings of poor performance on both search tasks. Unlike 29‐month‐olds, the 24‐month‐olds in the weighted condition did not immediately show improvement on the search tasks. However, after an initial search attempt, children wearing weights performed significantly better than chance. The findings shed new light on the interplay between thought and action.
Graduates’ views on the impact of adult education and training for poverty reduction in South Africa
Authors: Mayombe Celestin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate the extent to which the skills acquired from adult education and training (AET) centres, leading to paid jobs and small businesses, have enabled trainees to be successful in generating income and the impact of AET programmes on living conditions of trainees in South Africa. The main findings reveal that the improvement in income impacted on living conditions of trainees' households and in the education of their children. As a result, the majority of the trainees became self‐sufficient and had a good life after graduating. The author concludes that AET programmes for unemployed and unskilled adults can reduce poverty and social exclusion if the AET centres have a strong emphasis on entrepreneurship and post‐training support for earning wages or creating self‐employment. The present article has implications for public policy on AET, with reference to the objective of supporting the dynamics of cohesion and social inclusion, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.
Sol‐gel derived TiNb2O7 dielectric thin films for transparent electronic applications
Authors: Chang Ming‐Chuan , Huang Chieh‐Szu , Ho Yi‐Da , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo reduce power consumption of transparent oxide‐semiconductor thin film transistors, a gate dielectric material with high dielectric constant and low leakage current density is favorable. According to previous study, the bulk TiNb2O7 with outstanding dielectric properties may have an interest in its thin‐film form. The optical, chemical states and surface morphology of sol‐gel derived TiNb2O7 (TNO) thin films are investigated the effect of postannealing temperature lower than 500°C, which is crucial to the glass transition temperature. All films possess a transmittance near 80% in the visible region. The existence of non‐lattice oxygen in the TNO film is proposed. The peak area ratio of non‐lattice oxygen plays an important role in the control of leakage current density of MIM capacitors. Also, the capacitance density and dissipation factor were affected by the indium tin oxide (ITO) sheet resistance at high frequencies. The sample after postannealing at 300°C and electrode‐annealing at 150°C possesses a high dielectric constant (>30 at 1 MHz) and a low leakage current density (<1 × 10−6 A/cm2 at 1 V), which makes it a very promising gate dielectric material for transparent oxide‐semiconductor thin film transistors.
Low‐voltage areas detected by high‐density electroanatomical mapping predict recurrence after ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vlachos Konstantinos , Efremidis Michael , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Bazoukis George , Martin Ruairidh , Kalafateli Maria , Lioni Louiza , Georgopoulos Stamatis , Saplaouras Athanasios , Efremidis Theodore , Liu Tong , Valkanas Kosmas , Karamichalakis Nikolaos , Asvestas Dimitrios , Sideris Antonios 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the extent of atrial fibrosis in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and the correlation with ablation outcomes after pulmonary vein antral isolation (PVΑI) using a mapping system with high‐resolution and high‐spatial sampling.Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled 80 consecutive patients (45 males, median age 60.26 years) with symptomatic paroxysmal AF who were scheduled for PVAI. Prior to PVAI, high‐density bipolar voltage mapping (median number of 2,485 points) was carried out during sinus rhythm in all patients. Criteria for an adequate left atrium (LA) shell were > 2,000 points. Each acquired point was classified according to the peak‐to‐peak bipolar voltage electrogram based on two criteria (criterion A: healthy > 0.8 mV, border zone: 0.4–0.8 mV and scarred: < 0.4 mV, criterion Β: healthy: > 0.5 mV, border zone: 0.25–0.5 mV and scarred: < 0.25 mV). The extent of low‐voltage area < 0.4 mV significantly predicted atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after the blanking period (P = 0.002). In univariate analysis, the presence of LA voltage areas < 0.4 mV more than 10% of the total surface area was the only significant predictor of arrhythmia recurrence. The analysis based on window B cutoff values failed to demonstrate any predictors of arrhythmia recurrence.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the existence of LA voltage areas < 0.4 mV more than 10% of the total LA surface area predicts arrhythmia recurrence following PVAI for paroxysmal AF.
A multipathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of Salmonella enteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella flexneri
Authors: Suo Yujuan , Gao Shigang , Xie Yanping , Liu Yanhong , Qu Yang , Lin Ting , Zhou Changyan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSalmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 contaminate similar types of food and cause foodborne disease. The objective of this study was to develop a selective enrichment broth for simultaneous enrichment of Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, and Shigella flexneri (SES) using Bile salt No. 3, potassium tellurite, novobiocin sodium, and lithium chloride as selective agents. Developed SES broth not only enriched both of the target pathogens to as high as 9 log10 CFU/ml after 24 hr incubation at 37 °C with 10–100 CFU/ml of inoculation concentration, but also could successfully support the simultaneous enrichment of target pathogens with similar growth rates and inhibit the growth of most nontarget bacteria effectively. The enrichment effect of SES was confirmed by artificial contamination test coupled with multiplex PCR. In summary, SES has been shown to be a promising multiplex selective enrichment broth for the detection of the three pathogens on a single‐assay platform.Practical applicationsIt is different from traditional microbiological enrichment broths used in detecting Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella flexneri, which limit the application of multipathogen detection in a single‐assay format. SES can be considered as an effective multipathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of S. Enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, and S. flexneri, and inhibit most of other common pathogens. In addition, SES combined with multi‐PCR could be directly used for the detection of the three pathogens in meat, which solved issues of no suitable enrichment broth, ensured detection accuracy, and saved detection time and cost.
When a Sinner Does a Good Deed: The Path‐Dependence of Reputation Repair
Authors: Shu Haibing , Wong Sonia Man‐Lai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study examines how shareholders will interpret a socially desirable action taken by firms with a damaged corporate reputation status. We first explain theoretically why shareholders’ path‐dependent judgments of a tainted firm increase the likelihood of shareholders making less favourable judgments of the firm's socially desirable actions. We then test the theoretical predictions using a sample of Chinese listed firms that were sanctioned for securities fraud and subsequently made donations to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake relief funds. We find that the shareholders evaluate the donations made by fraud‐tainted firms less favourably than those made by firms that have not been sanctioned for fraud. Furthermore, the shareholders’ evaluations of the donations made by fraud‐tainted firms is less favourable if the firms have committed more serious fraud and undertaken fewer positive remedial actions in the post‐fraud period. Overall, our evidence demonstrates that shareholders’ path‐dependent judgments of fraud‐tainted firms constitute a major obstacle that constrains the effectiveness of reputation repair.
Under‐diagnosed chronic kidney disease in Jordanian adults: prevalence and correlates
Authors: Khalil Amani A. , Abed Mona A. , Ahmad Muayyad , Mansour Ayman Hamdan 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundJordan has no relevant database or registry by which chronic kidney disease (CKD) would be early identified. The purpose of the present study is to uncover the prevalence of CKD in a national sample of Jordanian patients at high risk and examine the association of CKD with demographic and clinical factors.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, correlational study that involved 540 outpatients at high risk for CKD. Demographic and clinical data were obtained in the period from September 2013 to March 2014. Prevalence of CKD was defined based on the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Classification of CKD using estimated glomerular filtration rate. Associations of CKD and demographic and clinical factors were examined using bivariate analysis.ResultsThe majority of the sample were females (64%), their mean age (±SD) was 55.0 ± 12.5 years, their mean eGFR (±SD) was 116.0 ± 47.5. One third of patients had eGFR of 23.5%, 5.4%, 0.7% and 0.7% which corresponds with mild, moderate, severe and very severe reduction in eGFR, respectively. Ageing, being male, unemployment, packs/years of smoking, co‐morbidities [hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease] and low high density lipoprotein (HDL) correlated positively with development of CKD.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a high rate of under‐diagnosed CKD among Jordanians. Several demographic and clinical factors are linked with the development of CKD. Policymakers and healthcare providers need to establish an evidence‐based practice project to prevent and screen for CKD in Jordan.
Does transparency reduce political corruption?
Authors: Strîmbu Octavian , González Patrick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDoes a better monitoring of officials' actions (transparency) lower the incidence of corruption? Using a common agency game with imperfect information, we show that the answer depends on the measure of corruption that one uses. More transparency lowers the prevalence of corruption but raises the average bribe as it motivates the corruptor to bid more aggressively for the agent's favor. We show that transparency affects the prevalence of corruption at the margin through a competitive effect and an efficiency effect.
The effect of marine and Aral Sea water on the salinity tolerance of three Paramecium species (Ciliophora)
Authors: Smurov Alexey O. , Aladin Nikolai V. , Keyser Dietmar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe shift of salinity tolerant ranges in three species of ciliates Paramecium caudatum, P. primaurelia and P. jenningsi was studied in waters containing a composition of salts resembling those in the Aral Sea, in comparison with composition of salts in marine waters. The results indicate that the salt values of tolerant ranges are increasing in water with the Aral Sea composition. The ratio among values of tolerant ranges is described by a linear function. A similar ratio connecting the same tolerant ranges exists in ciliates, but leads to reliable values of tolerant ranges when expressed in terms of chlorine concentration. Thus, the connection between the tolerances of aquatic organisms obtained for water of marine composition and water of continental composition might be described by the equation , where Sm = tolerance of organisms in marine water, whereas Sk = tolerance of organisms in continental saline water. The term α indicates the portion of chlorine ion continental saline water, while β indicates the portion in marine water.
A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover‐style trial of buspirone in functional dysphagia and ineffective esophageal motility
Authors: Aggarwal Nitin , Thota Prashanthi Nagavenkata , Lopez Rocio , Gabbard Scott 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that Ineffective Esophageal Motility (IEM) is the manometric correlate of Functional Dysphagia (FD). Currently, there is no accepted therapy for either condition. Buspirone is a serotonin modulating medication and has been shown to augment esophageal peristaltic amplitude in healthy volunteers. We aimed to determine if buspirone improves manometric parameters and symptoms in patients with overlapping IEM/FD.MethodsWe performed a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover‐style trial of 10 patients with IEM/FD. The study consisted of two 2‐week treatment arms with a 2‐week washout period. Outcomes measured at baseline, end of week 2, and week 6 include high resolution esophageal manometry (HREM), the Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire‐14 (MDQ‐14), and the GERD‐HRQL.ResultsThe mean age of our 10 patients was 53 ± 9 years and 70% were female. After treatment with buspirone, 30% of patients had normalization of IEM on manometry; however, there was 30% normalization in the placebo group as well. Comparing buspirone to placebo, there was no statistically significant difference in the HREM parameters measured. There was also no statistically significant difference in symptom outcomes for buspirone compared to placebo. Of note, patients had a statistically significant decrease in the total GERD‐HRQL total score when treated with placebo compared to baseline levels.DiscussionDespite previous data demonstrating improved esophageal motility in healthy volunteers, our study shows no difference in terms of HREM parameters or symptom scores in IEM/FD patients treated with buspirone compared to placebo. Further research is necessary to identify novel agents for this condition.
Endoluminal weight loss and metabolic therapies: current and future techniques
Authors: Hill Christine , Khashab Mouen A. , Kalloo Anthony N. , Kumbhari Vivek 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObesity is a public health epidemic associated with a number of comorbidities, most notably type 2 diabetes and hypertension, as well as elevated all‐cause mortality. The treatment for obesity and its associated comorbidities has most recently expanded into the field of bariatric endoscopy. This field bridges a gap between lifestyle counseling with or without pharmaceutical treatment and the most effective treatment of obesity, bariatric surgery. Because of its minimally invasive nature, bariatric endoscopic therapy has the potential to appeal to the large sector of the obese population that resists surgery, as well as those early in the onset of obesity. To date, five endoscopic devices have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obesity, and many more are in development, undergoing clinical trials, or being used around the world. Here, we present the current state of the field, highlight recent developments, and describe the clinical outcomes of these minimally invasive procedures in terms of weight loss, improvement in metabolic profile, and reduction in comorbidities.
Severe Mucha–Habermann‐Like Ulceronecrotic Skin Disease in T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Responsive to Basiliximab and Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Orenstein Lauren A.V. , Coughlin Carrie. C. , Flynn Andrea T. , Pillai Vinodh , Boos Markus D. , Wertheim Gerald B. , Treat James R. , Teachey David T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA 5‐year‐old girl with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) developed a progressive eruption of crusted papules and ulcerative plaques involving 80% of her body surface area with histopathology consistent with febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann disease (FUMHD), although multiple specimens also contained clonal leukemic cells. Her skin disease was refractory to many classic treatments for FUMHD, including methotrexate, and became so severe that concern about superinfection prevented intensification of chemotherapy for her malignancy. The addition of basiliximab promoted gradual improvement of the skin, allowing for chemotherapy intensification and subsequent bone marrow transplantation, after which the eruption resolved completely. This report describes a severe case of FUMHD‐like eruption associated with clonal leukemic cells that improved with basiliximab, suggesting anti‐CD25 therapy as a novel treatment for ulceronecrotic skin disease in the setting of high interleukin‐2 levels.
External liabilities, domestic institutions and banking crises in developing economies
Authors: Boukef Jlassi Nabila , Hamdi Helmi , Joyce Joseph P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impact of foreign equity and debt on the occurrence of banking crises in 61 lower income and middle income economies during the 1984 to 2010 period. We also focus on the effects of domestic institutions on banking crises and whether they mitigate or exacerbate the impact of the external liabilities. We find that FDI liabilities lower the probability of a crisis, while debt liabilities increase their incidence. However, institutions that lower financial or political risk partially offset the impact of debt liabilities, as does government stability. A decrease in investment risk directly reduces the incidence of banking crises.
Coping with Institutional Fragmentation? Competition and Convergence between Boundary Organizations in the Global Response to Polio
Authors: Holzscheiter Anna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses competition and cooperation between boundary organizations (BOs) in the field of global health. It embeds its analysis of BOs in health in contemporary theories on institutional fragmentation and governance complexity, arguing that BOs in international politics have been a major driving force behind an often mind‐boggling complexity of actors, institutions, and rule systems relevant to many contemporary international issues or “regimes.” The paper argues that growing complexity of global governance structures generates new demands for BOs with regard to how they manage their interactions with other BOs. Accordingly, the framework suggested in this paper builds on a set of hypotheses that do not isolate factors at structural and agent level but rather capture the interplay of BOs and their organizational environment. The paper's empirical analysis investigates two BOs, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance, working in the field of polio eradication.
Genome Sequences of a Novel Picorna-Like Virus from Pacific Abalone (
Haliotis discus hannai
) in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong-Oh , Lee Jong Kyu , Seo Yong Bae , Lim Han-Kyu , Kim Gun-Do 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of a novel member of the
Picornavirales
isolated from Pacific abalone (
Haliotis discus hannai
). The full length of the assembled draft genome sequences, obtained by use of a next-generation sequencing technique, were 8,019 nucleotides, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (5,088 nucleotides) and a capsid protein gene (2,553 nucleotides). This genome sequence will be useful for understanding viral disease of Pacific abalone.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Zobellia
sp. Strain OII3, Isolated from the Coastal Zone of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Harms Henrik , Poehlein Anja , Thürmer Andrea , König Gabriele M. , Schäberle Till F. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Zobellia
sp. strain OII3 was isolated from a marine environmental sample due to its heterotrophic lifestyle, i.e., using
Escherichia coli
cells as prey. It shows strong agar-lytic activity. The genome was assembled into 41 contigs with a total size of 5.4 Mb, revealing the genetic basis for natural product biosynthesis.