bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCL20 Expression by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predicts Progression of Human Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Samaniego Rafael , Gutiérrez-González Alejandra , Gutiérrez-Seijo Alba , Sánchez-Gregorio Sandra , García-Giménez Jorge , Mercader Enrique , Márquez-Rodas Iván , Avilés José Antonio , Relloso Miguel , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The chemokine axis CCR6/CCL20 is involved in cancer progression in a variety of tumors. Here, we show that CCR6 is expressed by melanoma cells. The CCR6 ligand, CCL20, induces migration and proliferation in vitro, and enhances tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Confocal analysis of melanoma tissues showed that CCR6 is expressed by tumor cells, whereas CCL20 is preferentially expressed by nontumoral cells in the stroma of certain tumors. Stromal CCL20, but not tumoral CCR6, predicted poor survival in a cohort of 40 primary melanoma patients. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), independently of their M1/M2 polarization profile, were identified as the main source of CCL20 in primary melanomas that developed metastasis. In addition to CCL20, TAMs expressed TNF and VEGF-A protumoral cytokines, suggesting that melanoma progression is supported by macrophages with a differential activation state. Our data highlight the synergistic interaction between melanoma tumor cells and prometastatic macrophages through a CCR6/CCL20 paracrine loop. Stromal levels of CCL20 in primary melanomas may be a clinically useful marker for assessing patient risk, making treatment decisions, and planning or analyzing clinical trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 267–75. ©2018 AACR.
2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Powers William J. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Ackerson Teri , Adeoye Opeolu M. , Bambakidis Nicholas C. , Becker Kyra , Biller José , Brown Michael , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Hoh Brian , Jauch Edward C. , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Scott Phillip A. , Sheth Kevin N. , Southerland Andrew M. , Summers Deborah V. , Tirschwell David L. 
Published: January 2018

Correction
This article has two related Corrections:

(10.1161/STR.0000000000000163)

(10.1161/STR.0000000000000172)
On the Scale Interactions that Dominate the Maintenance of a Persistent Heavy Rainfall Event: A Piecewise Energy Analysis
Authors: Fu Shen-Ming , Liu Rui-Xin , Sun Jian-Hua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Persistent heavy rainfall events (PHREs) are the product of the combined effects of multiscale systems. A PHRE that occurred during the 2016 mei-yu season was selected to further the understanding of the scale interactions accounting for the persistence of this type of event. The scale interactions were analyzed quantitatively using a piecewise energy budget based on temporal scale separation. Results show that the strongest interactions between the precipitation-related eddy flow and its background circulation (BC) occur in the mid- to lower troposphere, where a significant downscale kinetic energy (KE) cascade alone dominates eddy flow persistence. An obvious upscale KE cascade (i.e., a feedback effect) appears in the mid- to upper troposphere but has a negligible effect on the BC. Overall, within the precipitation region, the downscale KE cascade is primarily dependent on BC signals with shorter periods, whereas the upscale KE cascade is more dependent on BC signals with longer periods. Thus, the BC has asymmetric effects on the KE cascades. The most significant BC signal as determined via wavelet analysis [i.e., quasi-biweekly (10–18 days) oscillations in this event] does not play the leading role in the downscale KE cascade. Instead, the quasi-weekly oscillations provide the maximum amount of energy for eddy flow maintenance. Semi-idealized simulations of various BC signals show similar results: precipitation and the intensities of lower-level shear lines and transversal troughs (both of which are closely related to the precipitation-related eddy flow) are more sensitive to the quasi-weekly oscillation than to the quasi-biweekly oscillation.
Experiences of women aging with the human immunodeficiency virus: A qualitative study
Authors: Akhtar Nosheen F. , Garcha Ramanjit K. , Solomon Patricia 
Published: January 2018

Background. While the literature on HIV and aging has grown significantly in the past decade, there has been little examination of the needs of older women living with HIV and their disability experiences. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to uncover the experiences of aging with HIV from the perspective of older women. Method. An interpretive qualitative study was undertaken using semistructured interviews to explore the experiences of 10 women who are HIV positive between the ages of 51 and 62 years. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. Findings. Data analysis revealed seven themes: varying levels of acceptance, battling stigma of disclosure, declining functionality, living with negative emotions, practising healthy lifestyles, seeking social supports, and maximizing support from community services. Implications. There is a need for women’s peer support groups, education for women with HIV and their families, and enhanced support services. Suggestions are provided for how occupational therapists can enable participation.
The Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile: A case study
Authors: Atler Karen E. , Barney Lindsey , Moravec Allyson , Sample Pat L. , Fruhauf Christine A. 
Published: January 2018

Background. Occupational therapy enables clients to self-manage their health through the use of occupation; however, additional occupation-focused assessments are needed to capture people’s subjective experiences associated with everyday activities as awareness of one’s experiences can help promote change. Purpose. This qualitative case study explored the utility of one such assessment, the Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile (PPR Profile). Method. Five spousal caregivers completed and discussed the PPR Profile with an occupational therapist. Interviews with the caregivers and therapist occurred during and following use. Content analysis revealed several themes. Findings. Both caregivers and the occupational therapist reported that use of the PPR Profile provided benefits but not without challenges. Implications. The findings support preliminary utility of the PPR Profile; however, additional research is needed and occupational therapists need to be aware of the challenges when deciding to use the tool.
Précis – Discours commémoratif Muriel Driver 2017 Possibilités en matière de bien-être: Le droit à la participation occupationnelle
Authors: Hammell Karen Whalley 
Published: January 2018

Description. Le thème du Congrès 2017 de l’Association canadienne des ergothérapeutes a suscité des réflexions sur les différentes manières d’orienter l’avenir de notre profession. But. Ce discours commémoratif Muriel Driver examine comment nous pourrions façonner l’avenir de l’ergothérapie afin qu’elle devienne plus importante, plus pertinente et plus avantageuse pour la société. Questions clés. Comme la participation occupationnelle est essentielle au bien-être humain et comme le bien-être fait partie intégrante des droits de la personne, l’ergothérapie pourrait promouvoir le droit de toute personne de participer à des occupations qui contribuent positivement à son propre bien-être et à celui de sa communauté. Conséquences. L’importance de l’ergothérapie pour la société sera manifeste lorsque nous nous concentrerons sans ambiguïté sur le bien-être, lorsque nous déploierons nos efforts au-delà de l’amélioration des capacités des individus dont la vie est déjà touchée par la maladie, les blessures ou les handicaps et lorsque nous aborderons les différents moyens d’atteindre le bien-être par la participation occupationnelle de toutes les personnes dont les possibilités—les occasions de faire ce que leurs capacités leur permettent de faire—sont contraintes de manière inéquitable.
“Failure-to-Identify” Hunting Incidents: A Resilience Engineering Approach
Authors: Bridges Karl E. , Corballis Paul M. , Hollnagel Erik 
Published: January 2018

Objective The objective was to develop an understanding, using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), of the factors that could cause a deer hunter to misidentify their intended target. Background Hunting is a popular activity in many communities. However, hunters vary considerably based on training, experience, and expertise. Surprisingly, safety in hunting has not received much attention, especially failure-to-identify hunting incidents. These are incidents in which the hunter, after spotting and targeting their quarry, discharge their firearm only to discover they have been spotting and targeting another human, an inanimate object, or flora by mistake. The hunter must consider environment, target, time of day, weather, and many other factors—continuously evaluating whether the hunt should continue. To understand how these factors can relate to one another is fundamental to begin to understand how incidents happen. Method Workshops with highly experienced and active hunters led to the development of a FRAM model detailing the functions of a “Hunting FRAM.” The model was evaluated for correctness based on confidential and anonymous near-miss event submissions by hunters. Results A FRAM model presenting the functions of a hunt was produced, evaluated, and accepted. Using the model, potential sources of incidents or other unintended outcomes were identified, which in turn helped to improve the model. Conclusion Utilizing principles of understanding and visualization tools of the FRAM, the findings create a foundation for safety improvements potentially through training or safety messages based on an increased understanding of the complexity of hunting.
Modeling air leakage in buildings caused by the cyclic variation of the atmospheric pressure
Authors: Patrascu Monica , Baracu Tudor , Badescu Viorel , Birsan Marius-Victor , Teodosiu Catalin , Degeratu Mircea , Avram Elena Rita , Udrea Mihnea , Calancea Lidia , Mesteru Calin 
Published: January 2018

This article considers a new type of air infiltration through building envelopes caused by the barometric pressure variation. This process is independent from wind action or stack effect. A new building–atmosphere differential equation of air exchange is established. Based on the solution of the differential equation of air exchange, we propose the notion of pressure equilibration time [Formula: see text] that characterizes the dynamic response of the building. Furthermore, experimental climatic data were processed using Fourier analysis methods in order to build an identification model based on the regular harmonics of external pressure oscillation. The barometric pressure reconstructed in its parameterized form was introduced in the differential equation of air exchange as a term that models the dynamics of the external action. The analytic solution of the differential equation of air exchange demonstrates that the indoor–outdoor pressure difference is insignificant at less than 10−3 Pa for any harmonic of the external pressure variation. At the same time, it is concluded that the airtightness of the envelope has little influence on the process, as the indoor–outdoor pressure equilibration is almost instantaneous in a continuous regime of variation. The described mechanism of air infiltration explains the alternation of infiltration and exfiltration of air in buildings. For this, a mass balance of air exchange for the specific ranges of time is performed. We prove that the barometric pressure variation has an effect that accounts for 3.19% of the total quantity of air exchanged. The advances provided by this paper constitute a useful instrument for further studies concerning the stack effect in thermal dynamic conditions. Practical application: The paper proposes a novel methodology of determining the air exchange building–environment by considering a new component of infiltration and its cyclic variation: the barometric pressure. A new mechanism of natural air infiltration is determined and modeled and it should be added to the existing ones: wind action and stack effect. A complete methodology of analysis and extraction of the cyclic processes hidden in an envelope of stochastic variations is defined and applied with the support of signal processing techniques and spectral analysis. The refinement of the mathematical instrument was able to distinguish through a deterministic approach an influence of 3.19% of the new barometric component. Furthermore, with few adaptations, the methodology constructed in this study can be applied for investigation of the stack effect by considering the cyclic variation of the atmospheric temperature. Currently, the stack effect is analyzed only for average conditions of temperature, a simplistic approach that suggests a large potential for further improvement.
In-situ left-sided bilateral internal thoracic artery: elevated hemidiaphragm
Authors: Lev-Ran Oren , Abrahamov Dan , Baram Nina , Matsa Menachem , Ishai Yaron , Gabai Ohad , Refaely Yael , Abu Salah Mahmud , Sahar Gideon 
Published: January 2018

Background Procurement of the internal thoracic artery risks ipsilateral phrenic nerve injury and elevated hemidiaphragm. Anatomical variations increase the risk on the right side. Patients receiving left-sided in-situ right internal thoracic artery configurations appear to be at greatest risk. Methods From 2014 to 2016, 432 patients undergoing left-sided in-situ bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting were grouped according to right internal thoracic artery configuration: retroaortic via transverse sinus (77%) or ante-aortic (23%); targets were the circumflex and left anterior descending artery territories, respectively. Elevated hemidiaphragm was assessed by serial chest radiographs and categorized by side, complete (≥2 intercostal spaces) versus partial, and permanent versus transient. Results Right elevated hemidiaphragm occurred in 4.2% of patients. The incidence of radiological complete right elevated hemidiaphragm was 2.8% (12/432); 8 cases were transient with recovery in 3.5 ± 0.3 weeks. Permanent right elevated hemidiaphragm occurred in 0.9% (retroaortic group only). Permanent left elevated hemidiaphragm occurred in 0.9% and was significantly higher in the ante-aortic group (3/99 vs. 1/333, p = 0.039). No bilateral hemidiaphragm elevation was documented. Partial right elevated hemidiaphragm occurred in 1.4% and was not associated with adverse early or late respiratory outcomes. Conclusions Despite susceptible right phrenic nerve-internal thoracic artery anatomy, the incidence of permanent right elevated hemidiaphragm is low and no higher than left-sided in prone bilateral internal thoracic artery subsets. This reflects skeletonized internal thoracic artery procurement. Although statistical significance was not achieved, a retroaortic right internal thoracic artery configuration may constitute a higher risk of right phrenic nerve injury.
Outcomes of lung transplant recipients with preoperative atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yerasi Charan , Roy Sreeja Biswas , Olson Michael , Elnahas Shaimaa , Kang Paul , Hashimi A Samad , Huang Jasmine , Abdelrazek Hesham , Patel Vipul , Omar Ashraf , Bremner Ross M , Smith Michael , Walia Rajat , Bhattacharya Sanjoy , Kalya Anantharam 
Published: January 2018

Background Preoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with poor outcomes after cardiac surgery, but its effect on lung transplantation outcomes remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 235 patients who underwent lung transplantation in our institution from 2013 to 2015, analyzing demographics, length of stay, survival, readmissions, and cardiac events. Mean recipient age was 59 ± 11 years, and 142 (60.4%) were men. Patients were grouped according to pre-transplantation atrial fibrillation status (atrial fibrillation/no atrial fibrillation). Results The atrial fibrillation group ( n = 38; 16.2%) was significantly older with a longer ischemic time, more postoperative atrial arrhythmias (73.7% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.01), and a longer median postoperative length of stay (16 vs. 13 days, p = 0.02). The median total hospital stay in the first postoperative year was also higher in the atrial fibrillation group (27 vs. 21 days, p = 0.25). Short-term survival and survival during follow-up did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions Lung transplant recipients with preoperative atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and longer hospital stay. Preoperative atrial fibrillation may portend adverse events after lung transplantation.
Morphological analysis using geometric parameters for splenic aneurysms
Authors: Kimura Masaru , Hoshina Katsuyuki , Kobayashi Masaharu , Yamamoto Sota , Ohshima Marie , Watanabe Toshiaki 
Published: January 2018

Background Considering the unique characteristics of splenic artery aneurysms, we hypothesized that hemodynamic forces could play an important role in splenic artery aneurysm formation and that splenic artery geometry should be correlated with aneurysm development. Methods Tortuosity of the splenic artery was evaluated three-dimensionally by calculating the curvature using software and the original modeling system. We selected 54 splenic artery aneurysm patients who had undergone thin-slice computed tomography imaging with contrast. We compared the splenic artery aneurysm group to non-vascular patients via propensity-score matching (35 patients in each group). The splenic artery length index, average curvature, and maximum curvature were analyzed. Results Splenic artery aneurysm patients tended to have a longer splenic artery and the curvature was more severe compared to the non-vascular control patients. The average curvature of splenic artery aneurysm patients was associated with the dilatation rate in female patients. Conclusion Females with a tortuous splenic artery may have an increased risk of aneurysm formation.
Does acute kidney injury affect survival in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
Authors: Devasagayaraj Richard , Cavarocchi Nicholas C. , Hirose Hitoshi 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Patients who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite full medical management may require veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) to support respiratory function. Survival outcomes remain unclear in those who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) during VV ECMO for isolated severe respiratory failure in adult populations. Methods: A retrospective chart review (2010-2016) of patients who underwent VV ECMO for ARDS was conducted with university institutional review board (IRB) approval. Patients supported by veno-arterial ECMO were excluded. AKI was defined by acute renal failure receiving CRRT and the outcomes of patients on VV ECMO were compared between the AKI and non-AKI groups. Results: We identified 54 ARDS patients supported by VV ECMO (mean ECMO days 12 ± 6.7) with 16 (30%) in the AKI group and 38 (70%) in the non-AKI group. No patient had previous renal failure and the serum creatinine was not significantly different between the two groups at the time of ECMO initiation. The AKI group showed a greater incidence of complications during ECMO, including liver failure (38% vs. 5%, p=0.002) and hemorrhage (94% vs. 45%, p=0.0008). ECMO survival of the AKI group (56% [9/16]) was inferior to the non-AKI group (87% [33/38], p=0.014). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that VV ECMO successfully manages patients with severe isolated lung injury. However, once patients develop AKI during VV ECMO, they are likely to further develop multi-organ dysfunction, including hepatic and hematological complications, leading to inferior survival.
Rehabilitation of patients with venous diseases of the lower limbs: State of the art
Authors: Caggiati Alberto , De Maeseneer Marianne , Cavezzi Attilio , Mosti Giovanni , Morrison Nick 
Published: January 2018

Background To date, no document comprehensively focused on the complex issue of the rehabilitation of chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs. Method This article overviews and summarizes current strategies concerning venous rehabilitation of lower limbs. Results Venous rehabilitation is based on four main strategies: (1) lifestyle adaptations and occupational therapies; (2) physical therapies; (3) adapted physical activities; (4) psychological and social support. Rehabilitative protocols must be tailored to the specific needs of each patient, depending on the severity of chronic venous disease and on the location and pattern of venous lesion(s), but also on age, motor deficits, co-morbidities and psychosocial conditions. Conclusions Venous rehabilitation consists of non-pharmacologic and non-surgical interventions aiming at prevention of venous disease progression and complications, reduction of symptoms and improvement of quality of life. Well-designed clinical trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of the described rehabilitative protocols in influencing the evolution of venous disorders.
Image quality in coronary computed tomography angiography: influence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction at various radiation dose levels
Authors: Precht Helle , Gerke Oke , Thygesen Jesper , Egstrup Kenneth , Auscher Søren , Waaler Dag , Lambrechtsen Jess 
Published: January 2018

Background Computed tomography (CT) technology is rapidly evolving and software solution developed to optimize image quality and/or lower radiation dose. Purpose To investigate the influence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) at different radiation doses in coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in detailed image quality. Material and Methods A total of 160 CCTA were reconstructed as follows: 55 scans with filtered back projection (FBP) (650 mA), 51 scans (455 mA) with 30% ASIR (ASIR30), and 54 scans (295 mA) with 60% ASIR (ASIR60). For each reconstruction, subjective image quality was assessed by five independent certified cardiologists using a visual grading analysis (VGA) with five predefined image quality criteria consisting of a 5-point scale. Objective measures were contrast, noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Results The CTDIvol resulted in 10.3 mGy, 7.4 mGy, and 4.6 mGy for FBP, ASIR30, and ASIR60, respectively. Homogeneity of the left ventricular lumen was the sole aspect in which reconstruction algorithms differed with a decreasing effect for ASIR60 compared to FBP (estimated odds ratio [OR] = 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32–0.76; P = 0.001]). Decreased sharpness and spatial- and low-contrast resolutions were observed when using ASIR instead of FBP, but differences were not statistically significant. Concerning objective measurements, noise increased significantly for ASIR30 (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.14; P = 0.006) and ASIR60 (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12; P = 0.034) compared to FBP. Conclusion ASIR significantly decreased the subjectively assessed homogeneity of the left ventricular lumen and increased the objectively measured noise compared to FBP. Considering these results, ASIR at a reduced radiation dose should be implemented with caution.