bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our love-hate relationship with DNA barcodes, the Y2K problem, and the search for next generation barcodes
Authors: Marcus Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDNA barcodes are very useful for species identification especially when identification by traditional morphological characters is difficult. However, the short mitochondrial and chloroplast barcodes currently in use often fail to distinguish between closely related species, are prone to lateral transfer, and provide inadequate phylogenetic resolution, particularly at deeper nodes. The deficiencies of short barcode identifiers are similar to the deficiencies of the short year identifiers that caused the Y2K problem in computer science. The resolution of the Y2K problem was to increase the size of the year identifiers. The performance of conventional mitochondrial COI barcodes for phylogenetics was compared with the performance of complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA repeats obtained by genome skimming for a set of caddisfly taxa (Insect Order Trichoptera). The analysis focused on Trichoptera Family Hydropsychidae, the net-spinning caddisflies, which demonstrates many of the frustrating limitations of current barcodes. To conduct phylogenetic comparisons, complete mitochondrial genomes (15 kb each) and nuclear ribosomal repeats (9 kb each) from six caddisfly species were sequenced, assembled, and are reported for the first time. These sequences were analyzed in comparison with eight previously published trichopteran mitochondrial genomes and two triochopteran rRNA repeats, plus outgroup sequences from sister clade Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). COI trees were not well-resolved, had low bootstrap support, and differed in topology from prior phylogenetic analyses of the Trichoptera. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial genomes or rRNA repeats were well-resolved with high bootstrap support and were largely congruent with each other. Because they are easily sequenced by genome skimming, provide robust phylogenetic resolution at various phylogenetic depths, can better distinguish between closely related species, and (in the case of mitochondrial genomes), are backwards compatible with existing mitochondrial barcodes, it is proposed that mitochondrial genomes and rRNA repeats be used as next generation DNA barcodes.
Alexithymia in Relation to Alcohol Use, Emotion Recognition, and Empathy: The Role of Externally Oriented Thinking
Authors: Lyvers Michael , McCann Karrah , Coundouris Sarah , Edwards Mark S. , Thorberg Fred Arne 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Both alcohol misuse and the externally oriented thinking (EOT) facet of alexithymia are associated with deficits in facial emotion recognition and emotional empathy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether EOT mediates the association of drinking with these deficits, and to test the hypothesis that impaired facial emotion recognition mediates the relationship between EOT and low emotional empathy, in a nonclinical sample. The sample consisted of 161 men and women who completed an online survey that included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). In addition to replicating associations between TAS-20 and other measures, EOT was found to mediate relationships between potential alcohol misuse (as indexed by AUDIT) and facial emotion recognition (as indexed by RMET) as well as emotional empathy (as indexed by the corresponding subscale of the IRI) after controlling for mood and demographic variables. The negative relationship between EOT and emotional empathy was mediated by impaired facial emotion recognition. Present findings point to a likely role of the EOT trait in the reported associations of alcohol misuse with both poor emotion recognition and low emotional empathy, and a mediating role of poor emotion recognition in the relationship of EOT to the latter.
Exploring the Relationship Between Narcissism and Extreme Altruism
Authors: White Daniel , Szabo Marianna , Tiliopoulos Niko 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Extreme altruism is defined as prosocial behavior that violates social norms or the law. Little research has been done on this phenomenon, although research into related areas suggests that, surprisingly, extreme altruistic activities may be associated with traits traditionally associated with narcissism. This relationship was explored by comparing members of the public, people involved in prosocial activities within socially and legally accepted realms, and members of the Real-Life Superhero (RLSH) movement. The RLSH movement is a subculture whose prosocial-directed activities often exceed social norms and legal constraints. These include patrolling and conducting community and citizen police work in superhero-inspired uniforms, which has on several occasions resulted in altercations with other civilians or with law enforcement. The results suggest that there is a relationship between certain traits within the narcissism spectrum and the proclivity to engage in extreme altruism. These traits include grandiose fantasy, self-sacrificing self-enhancement, and devaluing. Furthermore, these traits are expressed at significantly higher levels in people who engage in extreme altruism more often. Finally, a model based predominantly on narcissism indicated a strong ability to predict group membership among the three groups. The findings suggest that a reconceptualization that reflects the capacity of these traits to be expressed in a prosocial or antisocial behavior is needed to explain this relationship.
Behavior and biocompatibility of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with bacterial cellulosic membrane
Authors: Alencar Marcello Silva , Carvalho Yulla Klinger , Carvalho Camila Ernanda , Feitosa Matheus Tajra , Carvalho Fernando Aécio de Amorim , Viana Bartolomeu Cruz , Miglino Maria Angélica , Jozala Ângela Faustino , Carvalho Maria Acelina 
Published: January 2018

Background. Tissue engineering has been shown to exhibit great potential for the creation of biomaterials capable of developing into functional tissues. Cellular expansion and integration depends on the quality and surface-determinant factors of the scaffold, which are required for successful biological implants. The objective of this research was to characterize and evaluate the in vitro characteristics of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) associated with a bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM). We assessed the adhesion, expansion, and integration of the biomaterial as well as its ability to induce macrophage activation. Finally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and toxicity of the BCM.
Methods. Samples of rabbit bone marrow were collected. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from medullary aspirates to establish fibroblast colony-forming unit assays. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation was performed. Integration with the BCM was assessed by scanning electron microscopy at 1, 7, and 14 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the production of nitric oxide, and BCM toxicity was assessed with the MTT assay; phagocytic activity was also determined.
Results. The fibroblastoid colony-forming unit (CFU-F) assay showed cells with a fibroblastoid morphology organized into colonies, and distributed across the culture area surface. In the growth curve, two distinct phases, lag and log phase, were observed at 15 days. Multipotentiality of the cells was evident after induction of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Regarding the BM-MSCs’ bioelectrical integration with the BCM, BM-MSCs were anchored in the BCM in the first 24 h. On day 7 of culture, the cytoplasm was scattered, and on day 14, the cells were fully integrated with the biomaterial. We also observed significant macrophage activation; analysis of the MTT assay and the concentration of nitric oxide revealed no cytotoxicity of the biomaterial.
Conclusion. The BCM allowed the expansion and biointegration of bone marrow progenitor cells with a stable cytotoxic profile, thus presenting itself as a biomaterial with potential for tissue engineering.
Simulated Impact of Glacial Runoff on CO2 Uptake in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Pilcher Darren J. , Siedlecki Samantha A. , Hermann Albert J. , Coyle Kenneth O. , Mathis Jeremy T. , Evans Wiley 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Gulf of Alaska (GOA) receives substantial summer freshwater runoff from glacial meltwater. The alkalinity of this runoff is highly dependent on the glacial source and can modify the coastal carbon cycle. We use a regional ocean biogeochemical model to simulate CO2 uptake in the GOA under different alkalinity‐loading scenarios. The GOA is identified as a current net sink of carbon, though low‐alkalinity tidewater glacial runoff suppresses summer coastal carbon uptake. Our model shows that increasing the alkalinity generates an increase in annual CO2 uptake of 1.9–2.7 TgC/yr. This transition is comparable to a projected change in glacial runoff composition (i.e., from tidewater to land‐terminating) due to continued climate warming. Our results demonstrate an important local carbon‐climate feedback that can significantly increase coastal carbon uptake via enhanced air‐sea exchange, with potential implications to the coastal ecosystems in glaciated areas around the world.
On the Effects of Bremsstrahlung Radiation During Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Xu Wei , Marshall Robert A. , Fang Xiaohua , Turunen Esa , Kero Antti 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrecipitation of energetic particles into the Earth's atmosphere can significantly change the properties, dynamics, as well as the chemical composition of the upper and middle atmosphere. In this paper, using Monte Carlo models, we simulate, from first principles, the interaction of monoenergetic beams of precipitating electrons with the atmosphere, with particular emphasis on the process of bremsstrahlung radiation and its resultant ionization production and atmospheric effects. The pitch angle dependence of the ionization rate profile has been quantified: the altitude of peak ionization rate depends on the pitch angle by a few kilometers. We also demonstrate that the transport of precipitating electron energy in the form of bremsstrahlung photons leads to ionization at altitudes significantly lower than the direct impact ionization, as low as ∼20 km for 1 MeV precipitating electrons. Moreover, chemical modeling results suggest that the chemical effects in the atmosphere due to bremsstrahlung‐induced ionization production during energetic electron precipitation are likely insignificant.
Impact of genomics on the surgical management of melanoma
Authors: Ferguson P M , Long G V , Scolyer R A , Thompson J F 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough surgery for early-stage melanoma offers the best chance of cure, recent advances in molecular medicine have revolutionized the management of late-stage melanoma, leading to significant improvements in clinical outcomes. Research into the genomic drivers of disease and cancer immunology has not only ushered in a new era of targeted and immune-based therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma, but has also provided new tools for monitoring disease recurrence and selecting therapeutic strategies. These advances present new opportunities and challenges to the surgeon treating patients with melanoma.MethodsThe literature was reviewed to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the management of cutaneous melanoma, and to highlight the impact of these advances on surgical decision-making.ResultsGenomic testing is not required in the surgical management of primary melanoma, although it can provide useful information in some situations. Circulating nucleic acids from melanoma cells can be detected in peripheral blood to predict disease recurrence before it manifests clinically, but validation is required before routine clinical application. BRAF mutation testing is the standard of care for all patients with advanced disease to guide therapy, including the planning of surgery in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings.ConclusionSurgery remains central for managing primary melanoma, and is an important element of integrated multidisciplinary care in advanced disease, particularly for patients with resectable metastases. The field will undergo further change as clinical trials address the relationships between surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy for patients with high-risk, early-stage and advanced melanoma.
Histopathological and molecular classification of colorectal cancer and corresponding peritoneal metastases
Authors: Ubink I , van Eden W J , Snaebjornsson P , Kok N F M , van Kuik J , van Grevenstein W M U , Laclé M M , Sanders J , Fijneman R J A , Elias S G , Borel Rinkes I H M , Aalbers A G J , Kranenburg O 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis have a very poor prognosis. The recently developed consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of primary colorectal cancer categorizes tumours into four robust subtypes, which could guide subtype-targeted therapy. CMS4, also known as the mesenchymal subtype, has the greatest propensity to form distant metastases. CMS4 status and histopathological features of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis were investigated in this study.

Methods
Fresh-frozen tissue samples from primary colorectal cancer and paired peritoneal metastases from patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were collected. Histopathological features were analysed, and a reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR test was used to assess CMS4 status of all collected lesions.

Results
Colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis was associated with adverse histopathological characteristics, including a high percentage of stroma in both primary tumours and metastases, and poor differentiation grade and high-grade tumour budding in primary tumours. Furthermore, CMS4 was significantly enriched in primary tumours with peritoneal metastases, compared with unselected stage I–IV tumours (60 per cent (12 of 20) versus 23 per cent; P = 0.002). The majority of peritoneal metastases (75 per cent, 21 of 28) were also classified as CMS4. Considerable intrapatient subtype heterogeneity was observed. Notably, 15 of 16 patients with paired tumours had at least one CMS4-positive tumour location.

Conclusion
Significant enrichment for CMS4 was observed in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Recent Advances in Homogeneous Carbonylation Using CO2 as CO Surrogate
Authors: Wang Lu , Sun Wei , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide is a sufficient and important carbon resource, which has been widely used as a C1 building block in synthetic chemistry. Carbonylations with CO are important processes in industry. However, due to the toxicity of CO, its storage and transport are problematic. Attentions are gradually focused on using other safe reagents to be the CO surrogates in carbonylation reactions. This review focuses on the summary of recent developments in using CO2 as a CO surrogate in homogeneous catalysis. Reductive processes by using H2, Si‐H, alcohols, etc and redox‐neutral processes are separately summarized.
Root reinforcement to soils provided by common Ethiopian highland plants for gully erosion control
Authors: Zegeye Assefa D. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Mekuria Wolde , Poesen Jean , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGrasses and trees are often used to stabilize gully banks. However, the effectiveness of such biological conservation measures has not been investigated for the Ethiopian highlands. This study investigates the reinforcement that plant roots may provide to strengthen gully banks in Ethiopia. The root systems of 26 indigenous and exotic plant species of 3 plant life forms (grasses, shrubs, and trees) were sampled, and root tensile strength and distribution were determined. The RipRoot model was used to quantify the additional cohesion derived from the plant roots. Among all tested roots, Eleusine floccifolia (grass), Tephrosia vogelii (tree), and Rosa abyssinica (shrub) had the strongest roots for each life form. The root volumetric ratio (root volume divided by soil volume) in the top 0.6 m of soil ranged from 0.03% to 0.46%. Roots of Digitaria abyssinica provided the maximum added cohesion (10.6 kPa) over this depth. For a given plant species, root volumetric ratio had a greater effect on additional cohesion than root tensile strength. Plant species with a fibrous root system provided greater additional cohesion values in the top 0.6 m (on average 3.4 vs. 1.7 kPa for tap root systems) and could potentially enhance gully bank stability for shallow gullies more than plants having a tap root system. To effectively rehabilitate larger gullies, plants should be integrated with other gully rehabilitation measures, such as regrading of gully banks and structural measures such as check dams to trap sediments, thereby reducing the effective gully bank height relative to rooting depth.
Enzymatic Inter‐Esterification of Binary Blends Containing Irvingia gabonensis Seed Fat to Produce Cocoa Butter Substitute
Authors: Yamoneka Juste , Malumba Paul , Lognay Georges , Béra François , Blecker Christophe , Danthine Sabine 
Published: January 2018

In order to investigate Irvingia gabonensis seed fat (IGF) as a potential cocoa butter alternative (CBA), its melting behavior is first compared to that of cocoa butter (CB). It is then modified by blending 90% of this fat with 10% of a liquid oil either rapeseed oil (RO) or groundnut oil (GO) or palm super olein (PSO) or Dacryodes edulis pulp oil (DPO). Those blends are then enzymatically interesterified in order to improve their melting profiles. The binary blend that shows a similar profile with CB and palm kernel stearin (PKS) is chosen as the best potential new speciality fat. Compatibility between the new speciality fat and CB is evaluated by constructing phase diagrams from NMR and XRD data. The interesterified blends with 90% of IGF and 10% of DPO is chosen as the new speciality fat because its profiles is close to that of CB and shows similar characterics to PKS. The results indicate that the specialty fat produced from IGF and DPO could be used as CBS in confectionery industries (alone or mixed in low proportion with CB).Practical Applications: Fractionnated and/or hydrogenated lauric fats are frequently used by confectionery industries to substitute CB. Results from this study demonstrate that an interesterified blend made of 90% IGF and 10% of DPO can be used also as CBS. The use of these two tropical oils (Irvingia gabonensis seeds fat and Dacryodes edulis pulp oil) as new sources of CBS constitutes a promizing way for their valorization at an industrial scale.Irvingia gabonensis seed fat (IGF) is a naturel lauric fat source with a high quantity of lauric acid (≈37%). Its melting profile, which is similar to cocoa butter (CB), is too high for a direct use in its native state in confectionery application. When IGF is blend to Dacryodes edulis pulp oil and after enzymatically interesterified, its profile is close to that of CB. This result indicated that the interesterified blend can be used as cocoa butter subtitute in confectionery industries (alone or mixed in low proportion with CB).
Home range estimator method and GPS sampling schedule affect habitat selection inferences for wild turkeys
Authors: Cohen Bradley S. , Prebyl Thomas J. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding patterns in the spatial distribution of individuals in a population is a central question in ecology. Concurrent with advances in biotelemetry devices, development of home range estimator methods incorporating the temporal component of locational fixes are increasingly used to investigate these patterns at finer scales. However, these methods may necessitate sampling schedules that limit battery life and study period length. Practically, evaluating how home range estimator methods affect calculations of space use and habitat selection prior to deployment of biotelemetry devices could help researchers optimize data acquisition schedules. We quantified spatial overlap between a home range estimator using temporal information (dynamic Brownian bridge movement model [dBBMM]) and home range estimators not incorporating the temporal component of fixes (ad hoc and href kernel density estimator [KDE]) across differing sample schedules, and the resulting error in habitat selection ratios using data collected from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) equipped with Global Positioning Systems units in Texas, Georgia, South Carolina, and Louisiana, USA, during February–May 2015. When comparing ranges created from KDEs to dBBMM, commission errors were large (20–80%) and did not diminish with increased sampling rates. In contrast, omission error rate declined quicker and improvements were minimal when fix rates increased beyond 4/day. Compared with ranges estimated with dBBMM, KDEs poorly defined the spatial bearings of an individual's range, overestimated areas of use, underestimated areas avoided, and showed different patterns of habitat selection. Our results suggest home range estimator methods incorporating temporal information seem capable of estimating ranges encompassing nearly all area used by an individual and should be used even at relatively low‐frequency collection schedules to assess home ranges of wild turkeys. If researchers are interested in describing habitat selection of wild turkeys, we recommend a sampling schedule of ≤1 location/hour during daytime and dBBMM for range estimation. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Spin Hall photoconductance in a three-dimensional topological insulator at room temperature
Authors: Seifert Paul , Vaklinova Kristina , Ganichev Sergey , Kern Klaus , Burghard Marko , Holleitner Alexander W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThree-dimensional topological insulators are a class of Dirac materials, wherein strong spin-orbit coupling leads to two-dimensional surface states. The latter feature spin-momentum locking, i.e., each momentum vector is associated with a spin locked perpendicularly to it in the surface plane. While the principal spin generation capability of topological insulators is well established, comparatively little is known about the interaction of the spins with external stimuli like polarized light. We observe a helical, bias-dependent photoconductance at the lateral edges of topological Bi2Te2Se platelets for perpendicular incidence of light. The same edges exhibit also a finite bias-dependent Kerr angle, indicative of spin accumulation induced by a transversal spin Hall effect in the bulk states of the Bi2Te2Se platelets. A symmetry analysis shows that the helical photoconductance is distinct to common longitudinal photoconductance and photocurrent phenomena, but consistent with optically injected spins being transported in the side facets of the platelets.