bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hibernating Little Pocket Mice Show Few Seasonal Changes in Bone Properties
Authors: Pineda Noellyn , Owen Marjorie , Tucker Claire , Wojda Samantha , Kitchen Stanley , Black Hal , Donahue Seth 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTPeriods of disuse or physical inactivity increases bone porosity and decreases bone mineral density, resulting in a loss of bone mechanical competence in many animals. Although large hibernators like bears and marmots prevent bone loss during hibernation, despite long periods of physical inactivity, some small hibernators do lose bone during hibernation. Little pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) remain underground during winter hibernation and undergo bouts of torpor and interbout arousals, but the torpor bout duration is shorter than other rodent hibernators. Additionally, little pocket mice may enter torpor during summer estivation. In this study, cortical and trabecular bone architectural, mineral, and mechanical properties were analyzed for femurs from little pocket mice captured during 8 different months (March to October) to determine seasonal effects on bone. There were no differences in any bone properties between the pre‐hibernation month of October and the post‐hibernation month of March, suggesting winter hibernation did not adversely affect bone properties. However, cortical area was higher in March than April, May, and June. Bone mechanical and osteocyte lacunar properties were not different between any months. Trabecular bone in the distal femoral epiphysis showed no changes between months. The distal femoral metaphyseal region showed higher trabecular spacing and lower trabecular number in May than August, otherwise, there were no differences in trabecular parameters. The few monthly differences in bone properties may be due to physical inactivity from periodic summer estivation or from the timing of birth and growth in spring and summer months. Anat Rec, 300:2175–2183, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tooth Morphogenesis and FGF4 Expression During Development of Molar Tooth in Three Muroid Rodents: Calomyscus elburzensis (Calomyscidae), Mesocricetus auratus (Cricetidae) and Mus musculus (Muridae)
Authors: Hamidi Kordiyeh , Darvish Jamshid , Matin Maryam M. , Javanmard Athar Sadat , Kilpatrick C. William 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTo date, no studies have examined the tooth formation during developmental stages of brush‐tailed mice (Calomyscidae) and true hamsters (Cricetidae). Herein, we compared the timing of tooth morphogenesis and FGF4 expression pattern during development of the first lower molar in Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse, Calomyscus elburzensis with two other muroid rodents; the house mouse, Mus musculus (Muridae), model organism for tooth morphogenesis, and the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus which shares great similarities in cusp pattern with brush‐tailed mice. All three species were bred in captivity and developing embryos were isolated at different embryonic days (E). Histological evaluation of lower molars was performed and spatiotemporal pattern of FGF4 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results indicated that morphogenesis of the tooth cusps starts at the beginning of the cap stage of the first lower molar (E14 in house mouse, about E11.5 in golden hamster and E22 in Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse). During the cap to bell stage (E15 in house mouse, E12 in golden hamster and at about E24 in Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse), a decrease in the expression of FGF4 was observed in the mesenchyme, except for the cusp tips. According to our observations, the developmental process of the first lower molar formation in Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse began much later as compared with the other two species. Despite the differences in the temporal pattern of molar development between these three members of the same superfamily (Muroidea), the correlation in the expression of FGF4 with specific stages of tooth morphogenesis supported its regulatory function. Anat Rec, 300:2138–2149, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Golimumab in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kavanaugh Arthur , Husni M. Elaine , Harrison Diane D. , Kim Lilianne , Lo Kim Hung , Leu Jocelyn H. , Hsia Elizabeth C. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) golimumab treatment in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsIn this phase III, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive IV placebo (n = 239) or golimumab at 2 mg/kg (n = 241) at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 20. The primary end point was the proportion of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20 response) at week 14. Controlled secondary end points included change from baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI) score at week 14, proportions of patients with ACR50 and ACR70 responses and ≥75% improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (a PASI75 response) at week 14, and change from baseline at week 24 in the total modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) with modifications for patients with PsA.ResultsAt week 14, an ACR20 response was achieved by 75.1% of patients in the golimumab group compared with 21.8% of patients in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Greater proportions of golimumab‐treated patients had an ACR50 response (43.6% versus 6.3%), an ACR70 response (24.5% versus 2.1%), and a PASI75 response (59.2% versus 13.6%) at week 14 (P < 0.001 for all). Patients in the golimumab group had greater mean changes at week 14 in HAQ DI score (–0.60 versus –0.12; P < 0.001). At week 24, the mean change in total PsA‐modified SHS was –0.4 in the golimumab group and 2.0 in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Through week 24, 40.6% of patients in the placebo group and 46.3% of patients in the golimumab group had ≥1 adverse event (AE); infections were the most common type.ConclusionPatients receiving IV golimumab at 2 mg/kg had significantly greater improvements in the signs and symptoms of PsA and less radiographic progression through week 24. AEs were consistent with those seen with other anti–tumor necrosis factor agents.
NF‐κB2 Controls the Migratory Activity of Memory T Cells by Regulating Expression of CXCR4 in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Kurosawa Mie , Arakaki Rieko , Yamada Akiko , Tsunematsu Takaaki , Kudo Yasusei , Sprent Jonathan , Ishimaru Naozumi 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveDysregulated chemokine signaling contributes to autoimmune diseases by facilitating aberrant T cell infiltration into target tissues, but the specific chemokines, receptors, and T cell populations remain largely unidentified. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the potent chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the T cell autoimmune response, using alymphoplasia (aly)/aly mice, a model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsT cell phenotypes in the salivary gland of aly/aly mice were evaluated using immunologic analysis. An in vitro migration assay was used to assess T cell migratory activity toward several chemokines. Gene expression of chemokine receptors and transforming growth factor β receptors (TGFβRs) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was administered to the aly/aly mice in order to evaluate its suppressive effect on autoimmune lesions.ResultsEffector memory T (TEM) cells derived from aly/aly mice demonstrated higher in vitro migratory activity toward CXCL12 than did TEM cells from aly/+ mice. CXCL12 expression was specifically up‐regulated in the SS target cells of aly/aly mice. TEM cells from RelB−/− mice, but not Nfkb1−/− mice, also showed high migratory activity toward CXCL12, implicating a role of the nonclassical RelB/NF‐κB2 pathway in the regulation of TEM cell migration. TEM cells from aly/aly mice also overexpressed TGFβR type I (TGFβRI) and TGFβRII. The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 suppressed autoimmune lesions in aly/aly mice by reducing TEM cell infiltration.ConclusionOur results suggest that the RelB/NF‐κB2 pathway regulates T cell migration to autoimmune targets through TGFβ/TGFβR‐dependent regulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. This suggests that these signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Cloning and bacterial expression systems for recombinant human heparanase production: Substrate specificity investigation by docking of a putative heparanase substrate
Authors: Pennacchio Angela , Capo Alessandro , Caira Simonetta , Tramice Annabella , Varriale Antonio , Staiano Maria , D'Auria Sabato 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman heparanase (HPSE) is an enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix. It is implicated in a multiplicity of physiological and pathological processes encouraging angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. The protein is a heterodimer composed of a subunit of 8 kDa and another of 50 kDa. The two protein subunits are noncovalently associated. The cloning and expression of the two protein subunits in Escherichia coli and their subsequent purification to homogeneity under native conditions result in the production of an active HPSE enzyme. The substrate specificity of the HPSE was studied by docking of a putative substrate that is a designed oligosaccharide with the minimum recognition backbone, with the additional 2‐N‐sulfate and 6‐O‐sulfate groups at the nonreducing GlcN and a fluorogenic tag at the reducing extremity GlcN. To develop a quantitative fluorescence assay with this substrate would be extremely useful in studies on HPSE, as the HPSE cleavage of fluorogenic tag would result in a measurable response.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the TAVR era: Not so new but definitely improved
Authors: Feldman Ted , Guerrero Mayra 
Published: August 2017

Key Points

BAV in the TAVR era is not well studied
BAV resulted in improvements in aortic valve area and transvalvular pressure gradient, and in patients with impaired left ventricle function, ejection fraction improved.
BAV resulted in changes of planned therapy
BAV techniques remain unstandardized and can be improved
Facet‐Selective Growth of Cadmium Sulfide Nanorods on Zinc Oxide Microrods: Intergrowth Effect for Improved Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Guo Xu , Chen Yubin , Qin Zhixiao , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWell‐designed architectures play an important role in accelerating charge transfer between the different components of hybrid photocatalysts. Herein, we report a simple one‐step hydrothermal method to achieve a CdS/ZnO heterostructure with a novel spatial arrangement. The CdS nanorods were found to be attached to the surface of the ZnO microrods with an intimate face‐to‐face contact, and the heterointerfaces corresponded to {1 0 0} facets of CdS and {1 0 0} facets of ZnO. It was discovered that Zn(OH)2 intermediates were formed at first and then grew into hexagonal ZnO microrods through a solid–solid‐phase transformation. Simultaneously, CdS nuclei grew to nanorods on the {1 0 0} facets of ZnO by oriented attachment during the one‐step hydrothermal process. Under visible‐light irradiation, obtained CdS/ZnO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation owing to improved charge separation from the two‐phase intergrowth effect. This work provides a facile hydrothermal route to construct intergrown heterostructures with desired spatial arrangements for improved photocatalytic properties.
Detailed Reaction Mechanisms for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over La2O3/CeO2 Nanofiber Fabric Catalysts
Authors: Karakaya Canan , Zhu Huayang , Zohour Bahman , Senkan Selim , Kee Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe develop and validate detailed reaction mechanisms to represent the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) over a La2O3/CeO2 nanofabric catalyst. The reaction mechanism includes 39 reversible gas‐phase reactions and 52 irreversible surface reactions between 22 gas‐phase species and 11 surface species. We use a model‐based interpretation of spatially resolved concentration and temperature profiles measured by using a laboratory‐scale packed‐bed reactor. The reaction mechanisms are validated for inlet feed compositions in the range of 7≤CH4/O2≤11. The results are supported by a reaction pathway analysis that provides insight into the relative contributions of the gas‐phase and surface reactions to form the desired C2+ and the undesired COx products. The results provide new quantitative insights into the complex nature of the OCM chemistry, which can assist practical process and reactor development.
Optical Limiting Properties of 3,5‐Dithienylenevinylene BODIPY Dyes at 532 nm
Authors: Harris Jessica , Gai Lizhi , Kubheka Gugu , Mack John , Nyokong Tebello , Shen Zhen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe optical limiting properties of a series of near infrared absorbing 3,5‐dithienylenevinylene BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) dyes (1–3) that contain donor and acceptor moieties in their π‐conjugation systems were studied by using the z‐scan technique at 532 nm in the nanosecond pulse range. A strong reverse saturable absorption response was observed when the compounds are embedded into poly(bisphenol carbonate A) polymer thin films, which demonstrates that BODIPY dyes with this type of structure are suitable for use in optical limiting applications.
[UO2Cl2(phen)2], a Simple Uranium(VI) Compound with a Significantly Bent Uranyl Unit (phen=1,10‐phenanthroline)
Authors: Schöne Sebastian , Radoske Thomas , März Juliane , Stumpf Thorsten , Patzschke Michael , Ikeda‐Ohno Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA simple synthesis based on UO2Cl2⋅n H2O and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) resulted in the formation of a new uranyl(VI) complex [UO2Cl2(phen)2] (1), revealing a unique dodecadeltahedron coordination geometry around the uranium center with significant bending of the robust linear arrangement of the uranyl (O–U–O) unit. Quantum chemical calculations on complex1indicated that the weak but distinct interactions between the uranyl oxygens and the adjacent hydrogens of phen molecules play an important role in forming the dodecadeltahedron geometry that fits to the crystal structure of1, resulting in the bending the uranyl unit. The uranyl oxygens in1are anticipated to be activated as compared with those in other linear uranyl(VI) compounds.
Stroke or left atrial thrombus prediction using antithrombin III and mean platelet volume in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Choi Seo‐Won , Kim Bo‐Bae , Choi Dong‐Hyun , Park Geon , Shin Byung Chul , Song Heesang , Kim DongHun , Kim Dong‐Min 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke) and CHA2DS2‐VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, sex category) scores showed just moderate discrimination ability in predicting thromboembolic complications in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).HypothesisTo determine the association of antithrombin III (AT‐III) deficiency and mean platelet volume (MPV) with the development of stroke or left atrial (LA) thrombus in patients with AF.MethodsAT‐III and MPV were analyzed in 352 patients with AF. The primary endpoint was a composite of ischemic stroke event and incidental LA thrombus.ResultsThere were 50 events (14.2%) during a mean 35.4 months of follow‐up. A significantly higher stroke or LA thrombus rate was observed in the low–AT‐III group (<70%) than that in the high–AT‐III group (≥70%). A significantly higher stroke or LA thrombus rate was observed in the high‐MPV group (≥7.0 fL) than that in the low‐MPV group (<7.0 fL). AF patients with an MPV ≥7.0 fL and AT‐III deficiency had higher stroke or LA thrombus risk than those without an MPV ≥7.0 fL and AT‐III deficiency. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, high MPV was found to be an independent predictor of stroke or LA thrombus risk (hazard ratio: 6.408; 95% confidence interval: 2.874‐14.286). Although AT‐III deficiency was not an independent predictor of stroke or LA thrombus risk, a trend was observed.ConclusionsHigh MPV and AT‐III deficiency were predictive markers for stroke or LA thrombus. Their predictive power for stroke was independent of antiplatelet treatment, anticoagulation therapy, and a high CHA2DS2‐VASc score in patients with AF.
Production of Single Contracting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes: Matrigel Mattress Technique
Authors: Cadar Adrian G. , Feaster Tromondae K. , Durbin Matthew D. , Hong Charles C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis unit describes the published Matrigel mattress method. Briefly, we describe the preparation of the mattress, replating of the human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CM) on the Matrigel mattress, and hiPSC‐CM mattress maintenance. Adherence to this protocol will yield individual, robustly shortening hiPSC‐CMs, which can be used for downstream applications. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On BH3 Mimetics and Ca2+ Signaling
Authors: Ferdek Pawel E. , Jakubowska Monika A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

BH3 mimetics are anticancer agents that reproduce the spatial arrangement of the BH3 domain of Bcl‐2 family proteins. Just like the BH3‐only proteins, these compounds bind to the hydrophobic cleft of the pro‐survival Bcl‐2 members such as Bcl‐2 or Bcl‐xL, and disrupt their heterodimerization with pro‐apoptotic Bax or Bak, sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. In recent years, it has become clear that Bcl‐2 family proteins are engaged in regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, including Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores as well as Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane. Given that BH3 mimetics shift the balance between the prosurvival and proapoptotic Bcl‐2 members, they might indirectly exert effects on intracellular Ca2+ signals. Indeed, it has been reported that some BH3 mimetics release Ca2+ from the intracellular stores causing Ca2+ overload in the cytosol. Therefore, the effects of any new BH3 mimetics on cellular Ca2+ homeostasis should be tested before these compounds progress to clinical trials. Drug Dev Res 78 : 313–318, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors in evolution: Roles in development of mesoderm and neural tissues
Authors: Gyoja Fuki 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBasic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors have attracted the attention of developmental and evolutionary biologists for decades because of their conserved functions in mesodermal and neural tissue formation in both vertebrates and fruit flies. Their evolutionary history is of special interest because it will likely provide insights into developmental processes and refinement of metazoan‐specific traits. This review briefly considers advances in developmental biological studies on bHLHs/HLHs. I also discuss recent genome‐wide surveys and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these factors in a wide range of metazoans. I hypothesize that interactions between metazoan‐specific Group A, D, and E bHLH/HLH factors enabled a sophisticated transition system from cell proliferation to differentiation in multicellular development. This control mechanism probably emerged initially to organize a multicellular animal body and was subsequently recruited to form evolutionarily novel tissues, which differentiated during a later ontogenetic phase.
Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa on symptoms of depression: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Linardon Jake , Wade Tracey , de la Piedad Garcia Xochitl , Brennan Leah 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveDepressive symptoms are an important risk factor and consequence of binge eating and purging behavior in bulimia nervosa (BN). Although psychotherapy is effective in reducing symptoms of BN in the short‐ and long‐term, it is unclear whether psychotherapy for BN is also effective in reducing depressive symptoms. This meta‐analysis examined the efficacy of psychotherapy for BN on depressive symptoms in the short‐ and long‐term.MethodRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on BN that assessed depressive symptoms as an outcome were identified. Twenty‐six RCTs were included.ResultsPsychotherapy was more efficacious at reducing symptoms of depression at post‐treatment (g = 0.47) than wait‐lists. This effect was strongest when studies delivered therapist‐led, rather than guided self‐help, treatment. No significant differences were observed between psychotherapy and antidepressants. There was no significant post‐treatment difference between CBT and other active psychological comparisons at reducing symptoms of depression. However, when only therapist‐led CBT was analyzed, therapist‐led CBT was significantly more efficacious (g = 0.25) than active comparisons at reducing depressive symptoms. The magnitude of the improvement in depressive symptoms was predicted by the magnitude of the improvement in BN symptoms.DiscussionThese findings suggest that psychotherapy is effective for reducing depressive symptoms in BN in the short‐term. Whether these effects are sustained in the long‐term is yet to be determined, as too few studies conducted follow‐up assessments. Moreover, findings demonstrate that, in addition to being the front‐running treatment for BN symptoms, CBT might also be the most effective psychotherapy for improving the symptoms of depression that commonly co‐occur in BN.
Efficacy and safety of a fixed‐dose combination of ibuprofen and caffeine in the management of moderate to severe dental pain after third molar extraction
Authors: Weiser T. , Richter E. , Hegewisch A. , Muse D.D. , Lange R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundIbuprofen is an effective analgesic treatment with a ceiling effect at doses above 400 mg. This study compared the combination of ibuprofen 400 mg and caffeine 100 mg with ibuprofen 400 mg monotherapy, caffeine and placebo in the analgesic treatment of moderate to severe acute dental pain following third molar extraction.MethodsPhase III, active‐/placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, single‐centre, two‐stage, parallel‐group study in adult patients with at least moderate baseline pain intensity. Primary endpoint was defined as the time‐weighted sum of pain relief and pain intensity difference over 8 h (SPRID0–8 h), secondary endpoints included duration of pain relief, time to meaningful pain relief and more.ResultsN = 748 patients were enrolled and N = 562 treated. Mean baseline pain intensity was 7.7 on a 0–10 numerical rating scale. Analysis of SPRID0–8 h demonstrated superior analgesic effects for a single dose of ibuprofen/caffeine versus ibuprofen, caffeine and placebo over 8 h, rescue medication in this stage was requested by more patients on ibuprofen (32.5%) than on ibuprofen/caffeine (16.0%). Median time to meaningful pain relief was shorter for ibuprofen/caffeine (1.13 h) compared with ibuprofen (1.78 h; p = 0.0001). More patients on ibuprofen/caffeine than on ibuprofen reported meaningful pain relief. Adverse events were infrequent and mostly mild or moderate across treatment groups. Tolerability was rated as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ by most patients in both treatment groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated clinically relevant superiority of ibuprofen/caffeine over monotherapy with ibuprofen in patients with acute dental pain. All treatments were well tolerated.SignificanceThis trial showed superior efficacy of 400/100 mg ibuprofen/caffeine, compared to 400 mg ibuprofen alone, for treating acute pain, reflecting that caffeine is an effective analgesic adjuvant. Data on efficacy of 400 mg ibuprofen combined with caffeine for the treatment of acute pain were not available yet.