bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Conn Bart , Field Michelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in 3 miniblocks, each ⅓ acre, of 17-yr-old trees on MM 111 rootstock. Trees measured 15 ft. in height and 14 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of 6 single-tree replications per treatment per treatment, with 2 replications per mini-block in a randomized block design. Each replicate was surrrounded by 1 unsprayed tree on each side. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA5OOA airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 11 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)], 18 Apr [prepink (PP)], 20 May [petal fall (PF)], 1 Jun [first cover (lC)], 13 Jun [second cover (2C)], 30 Jun [third cover (3C)I for all treatments except (Product X), 6 Jul [third cover (3c)] (Product X) only, 13 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 27 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 14 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 24 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 6 Sep [eighth cover (8C)l. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were AgriMycin, Dithane, Kocide, K-salt (NAA), Nova, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting insects observed on the periphery of test trees periodically during the season. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminalsltree. Effect of treatment against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leavesltree (4 replications), removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. WALH and RLH control was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leavesltree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5-min. periodltree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 100 picked appleslreplication plus up to 100 drop appleslreplication on 21 Sep.
Comparison of Fipronil (Regent 80Wg) and Imidacloprid (Admire 2F, Provado 1.6F) for Insect Control in POTATOES, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 17 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 25ft long with 3ft between row spacing. Each plot was separated by 6ft of bare ground. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Admire 2F was applied in furrow prior to planting using a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Foliar sprays were applied using a threenozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi on 15 May and 14 June. Spray decisions were based on the following CPB thresholds: 4 small larvae, 1.5 large larvae or 0.5 adults/stem. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all CPB life stages present on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot, counts of PLH and aphids on 10 randomly picked compound leaves/plot, and ratings of percent defoliation and ECB damage. Sampling dates are indicated in the table. On 30 May, all of the foliar treatment plots were sprayed with Dimethoate 4EC (80z product/acre) to control aphids and PLH. On 7 July, the center two rows of each plot were harvested and graded to determine yields.
Evaluation of Alternative Insecticides for Squash Vine Borer Control on Summer Squash, 1995
Authors: Boucher J. , Nixon G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Multipik’ summer squash were direct seeded 6 June, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seedbed technique, using paraquat as a preplant application, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single 24 ft long row, with two ft between plants. Rows were spaced four ft apart. Five treatments were replicated four times in a RCBD. Treatments consisted of two applications per week of Safer Insecticidal Soap Concentrate, MVP and Bio Vector on 7, 12, 14, 19, 21, 26, and 28 Jul and 1, 4 and 8 Aug, five weekly applications of Ambush beginning on 7 Jul, and an unsprayed control. Applications were directed at the foliage and stems by spraying plots from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. The water used in the spray mix on 7 Jun was 77°F with a pH of 7.1. Fruit from five plants per plot were harvested, counted and weighed every three to four days from 20 Jul through 15 Aug. Five plants from each plot were dissected on 15 Aug and SVB larvae were counted.
Comparison of Various Soil Insecticides And Foliar Sprays for Soil Insect Control in Sweet Pota-Toes, Painter, Va, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet potatoes were transplanted on 20 Jun at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter. VA. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 20 ft long, planted on 3 ft row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from each other. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a RCB design. In furrow and band treatments, and the initial foliar sprays were applied with a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. Granular treatments were applied with a hand held shaker. The Mocap treatments were applied on 25 May to avoid phytotoxicity. The later foliar sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 6 flat fan nozzles/row and delivering 42 gal water/acre at 40psi. Thiodan sprays were applied on 7, 14, and 21 Jul. Sevin XLR was sprayed on 27 Jul in order to observe the restrictions on the number of applications allowed on the Thiodan label. Foliar sprays were applied in order to coincide with clickbeetle (adult wireworm) flights, as determined by the black light trap at Painter, VA. Layby treatments were applied on 26 Jul. On 11 Oct, the center row of each 3 row plot was harvested and 25 market sized roots were randomly selected, washed, and evaluated for insect damage.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1995
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 68 ft X 68 ft, were in a 4-yr-old stand of‘Wampr’ alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a RCB design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied 21 Jun with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Stainless steel 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. A standard treatment of Cygon 4 EC was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre. PLH densities were determined 2, 7, 9 and 16 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, Roseau, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hybrid Canola seed (Hyola 401) was obtained from Zeneca Seeds, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The seed was divided, a portion of which was coated with Benolin K, Benlate T, and Amaze plus Belate T, a second portion treated with Gaucho 480F by Gustafson, Inc., Piano, Texas, and a final portion retained for planting with granular materials. The trial was located on land just west of Roseau, MN. Plots were 5 ft X 20 ft and planted with a standard plot drill on 13 May. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Admire 2F foliars were applied in 20 gpa on 21 May. Stands were uneven early in the season.
Efficacy of Planting-Time Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticides Applied Using the Smartbox Metering Device in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five dryland field sites (Aurora, Cavour, Delmont, Garretson, and Lake Andes) in central and eastern SD were chosen to compare the efficacy of insecticides applied using the electronic Smartbox metering unit versus those delivered using ground-driven Noble units for managing rootworm larvae. Plots (15.2 m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart) were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Metering devices were mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter, and calibrated on the planter before applications. Banded (B) treatments were placed in 18-cm swaths ahead of furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow (F) treatments were applied by directing granules between double-disk openers and into the open seed furrow. Five roots per plot were examined for feeding injury, and rated using the Iowa State 1 to 6 scale. Data were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Cotton Aphid in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticide treatments were evaluated against cotton aphids in non-irrigated no-till cotton planted 5 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test area. Treatments were applied 9 Jun with a tractor mounted boom system and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling 5 plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAT. Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.1 and 0.9 inches rainfall on 11 and 12 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Various Insecticide and Insecticide Combinations Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Meyers H. B. , Johnson D. R. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19 Jun, 2 Jul, and 15 Jul with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TXVS-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacings. Insect counts on the first 2 evaluation dates (19 Jul, 2 Aug) were made by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Insect counts on the last evaluation date (15 Aug) were made by randomly examining 50 squares and terminals throughout the plot.
Efficacy of Karate 1Ec & Karate 2.09 Cs Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1995
Authors: Meyers H. B. , Johnson D. R. , Klein C. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 May at the Robert Fratesi farm in Jefferson County. Plots consisted of 8 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 19 Jun, 2 Jul, and 15 Jul with a CO2 sprayer mounted on a John Deere 6000 hi-cycle. Total volume was 9.91 gpa at 25 psi using Teejet TXVS-6 nozzles on 20 inch spacings. Insect counts on the first 2 evaluation dates (19 Jul, 2 Aug) were made by whole plant examination of 14 row ft in the center of each plot. Insect counts on the last evaluation date (15 Aug) were made by randomly examining 50 squares and terminals throughout the plot.
Apple, Airblast Evaluation of Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental insecticide sprays were applied to 3-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 3 replicates of ‘Yorking’ with a buffer row between plots. Trees were planted to a spacing of 20 X 30 ft and were 20 yr old. All samples were taken from the center tree in each plot. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.0 mph. Applications dates for all materials can be found in the first table. The second application of the 2 Comply 40 WP treatments was timed for 250° DD after the first emergence of codling moth adults during the first brood. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50DF, Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP, and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effectiveness of the treatments on SA was evaluated by counting the number of aphid-infested leaves/ten top terminals, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf, except the first count where a rating scale (0-4) was used instead of counting live aphids (see table footnotes for scale). The total number of aphid natural enemies was determined by counting the number observed on 10 terminals per tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the ERM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 125 leaves/treatment. The predator, S. punctum, was observed by making 3 min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the trees. STLM was evaluated on 6 Jun by counting the number of tissue-feeding mines present on spur leaves only during a 5 min examination around the periphery of one tree/replicate. On 28 Jul and 18 Aug STLM were counted by observing the number of tissue-feeding mines present on shoot leaves only in a 5 min examination. OFM shoot injury was assessed by determining the number of injured shoots per tree in a 5 min examination. Effectiveness of chemicals on all fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury on dropped apples on 27 Jun; 3, 17 and 31 Jul; and 22 Aug and picked samples of 35 and 100 fruit per replication on 14 Aug and 25 Sep, respectively. Larvae found feeding internally on all drop and pick samples were collected and identified by treatment. Russet evaluations were made on Golden Delicious fruits (30 per replicate). Each apple was rated as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;51 % russeted surface). The individual ratings were added to calculate a russet rating for each replicate. Possible ranges for the replicate russet ratings (and estimate of range of % of surface russeted) are 0-30 (none to raised lenticels), 31-60 (raised lenticels to 1-10% russeted surface), 61-90 (1-10% to 11-25% russeted surface), 91-120 (11-25% to 26-50% russeted surface), and 121-150 (26-50% to &gt;51% russeted surface).
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Stink Bugs on Sorghum, 1995
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three pyrethroids and 2 organophosphates were evaluated for stink bug control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Seed of hybrid grain sorghum (ATx399 X RTx430) was planted 15 Jun on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 4 rows X 30 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots when sorghum was in the soft-dough stage. Insecticides were applied on 2 Sep between 0800 and 0900 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Stink bug abundance was assessed by using the “beat bucket” technique to sample 20 panicles/plot. A pre-treatment count of RSB and SGSB nymph and adult abundance was made the day before insecticides were applied. Post-treatment counts were made on 3 Sep (1 DAT) and 5 Sep (3 DAT). Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD. The % control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) sampling formula.
Small Plot Assessment of Insecticides Against the Sugarcane Borer, 1995
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Woolwine A. E. , Ostheimer E. A. , Schexnayder H. P. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifteen insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of SCB at St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA. A RCB design with 5 replications was used in a field of first ratoon sugarcane. Insecticide treatments were applied to 3-row plots (0.05 acre) using a CO2 sprayer mounted on an ATV (all terrain vehicle) on 7 and 28 Jul, and 25 Aug. Three 8005 flat fan spray tips per 6 ft width of row at 35 psi delivered 20 gpa. Initial treatment was made when the SCB infestation exceeded the economic threshold (5% of the stalks containing live larvae in the leafsheaths); succeeding applications occurred when reinfestations began to appear in the Guthion/Baythroid treatment. Prior to the initiation of the experiment, 1 application of Lorsban 15G was broadcast (15.0 lb/acre) to suppress red imported fire ant predation on SCB larvae (Jun 13). SCB damage was assessed by counting the bored intemodes, moth emergence holes, and total number of intemodes per stalk from 75 randomly selected stalks of sugarcane (15 stalks/plot) in each treatment (20 Oct). All of the Confirm treatments were applied with Triton CS-7 at 0.125% v/v. Following ANOV, separation of means was by LSD.
Adult Sunflower Beetle Control, Thief River Falls, Mn, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Person Howard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three commercial fields were divided into 4-40 acre plots each. Insecticide was applied by air in 2.5 gpa on 10 Jun when sunflower plants were in the 2 to 4 leaf stage. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Adult beetle counts were taken 24 h and 1 wk post treat. Larval counts were taken on 3 and 13 Jul. Defoliation readings were taken 17 Jun and 3 and 13 Jul. The grower had the untreated plots sprayed when defoliation exceeded 24% (10 Jul). Means were compared using LSD.
Late Season Control of Hornworms in Ga Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1994
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco, CV ‘K-326’, was trans-planted on 29 Mar at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A pre-plant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 0.5 ton/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (44 inch row spacing) X 20 ft long were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. On 11 Jul, all plants in each plot were cut down to a 12 inch mainstalk, all leaves were removed, and 100 lb/acre of additional nitrogen (16-0-0) was applied. All cut plants were then allowed to regrow with 2-3 main shoots. On 26 Jul, 9 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 23.2 gpa at 40 psi. The granular materials were hand applied on all available foliage. The number of live hornworms was recorded per 5 plants on row 2 of each plot prior to the application, and 3, 7, and 10 d after treatment (DAT). The percent defoliation was visually estimated 10 DAT. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT (P = 0.05).
Control of Black Cutworm With Scimitar and Tempo, Nh, 1994
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two formulations and 2 rates of Scimitar were compared to Tempo for efficacy. The experiment was conducted on a golf course putting green at the Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. Plots were 3 X 3 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design with a 2 ft buffer between plots. Larvae were predominantly 4th instar. Sprays were applied 25 Sep with a CO2 backpack sprayer in 1.9 gal water/1000 ft2. Sprays were allowed to dry on but received heavy rainfall. Plots were rated 7 DAT by drenching with Joy soap solution and counting the number of emerging larvae. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature 60.8°F; wind, 1 MPH; sky, cloudy; soil temperature, surface 60.9°F; thatch depth, 0.4 inch; soil pH, 5.9; slope, 0%; soil texture, loam; soil organic matter, 4.6%; soil moisture, 31%; post treatment precipitation, 3.5 inch rain.
Curative Black Cutworm Control With Merit and Fcr 4S4S, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three treatments were applied to third and fourth instar BCW larvae at Amherst Country Club. Plots were 7 X 7 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 7 Sep and rated 14 Sep (7 DAT). Treatments were applied with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 10002. Plots were rated using a soap flush and counting the number of emerging larvae. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 84.3°F; wind, calm; sky, cloudy; soil temperature, 77.3°F; thatch depth, 0.25 inch; soil pH, 5.7; slope, 0%; soil texture, silt loam: sand 40%, silt 59%, clay 1%; soil organic matter, 3.7%; soil moisture, 22.6%; post treatment precipitation, 0.1 inch daily; mowing height, 0.187 inch.
Large Plot Trials to Control Black Turfgrass Ataenius With Entomophagous Nematodes, Nh, 1994
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of nematodes and a chemical standard were applied 28 Jun to plots 10 X 100 ft on a golf course fairway at the Abenaki Country Club, Rye, NH. The plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in an RCB design. Spray volume for the nematode treatments was 2.5 gal/1000 ft2, using an FMC sprayer and a walking boom. Oftanol 5G was applied with a Lesco broadcast spreader. Larvae were predominantly first and second instar at the time of application. Turf was irrigated pretreatment with 0.3 inch water. After treatment, treatments were irrigated with 0.2 inch water. The treatment was rated 20 DAT on 18 Jul by counting the number of live larvae and pupae in ten 0.1 ft2 plugs per plot. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature 70.9°F; wind, 2 MPH; sky, cloudy; soil temperature, 1 inch, 75.3°F; thatch depth, 0.0 inch; soil texture, loam, 60% sand, 23% silt, 17% clay; soil organic matter, 9.7%; soil moisture, 30.6%; soil pH, 5.6; post treatment precipitation, 0.2 inch every other day; 2.0 inch rainfall 12 hr after treatment.
Control of Mole Crickets on Golf Course Fairways in North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was conducted at the Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick Co. to determine the efficacy of various rates of granular insecticides applied on different dates for the control of newly hatched mole cricket nymphs. Test plots 30 ft X 30 ft were established on a bermudagrass fairway in an area which has a history of serious mole cricket infestations. Treatments (with 4 replicates) were randomly assigned to the plots and preweighed portions of all insecticides tested were applied to the plots using a hand-held Republic EZ HandspreaderⓇ. Application took place on 8 and 22 Jun, and 12 Jul which corresponds to pre-egg laying and hatch, egg laying and early hatching, and full hatch with the presence of early mole cricket instars, respectively. After each application the fairway irrigation system was used to apply approximately 0.25 inch of water to the test area. Soil at the test site was classified as a sandy loam with a pH of 6.2 and 0.41 humic matter. Soapy water flush sampling in the area of the test indicated the population was approximately 15% Tawny and 85% Southern mole crickets. Plots were evaluated on 12 Jul by making two m2 soapy water flushes per plot and recording the number of mole cricket nymphs that came to the surface. Plots were evaluated for fresh damage on 27 Jul, 9 and 24 Aug and 14 Sep by taking five random m2 damage grid ratings (0-9) per plot. The actual damage means for each sampling date are reported in the table. All data were transformed x + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.