bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of BBB‐Penetrating Phytochemicals With p38 MAPK Modulatory Activity in Addressing Oxidative Stress‐Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders, With a Focus on Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hosseini Asieh , Sheibani Mohammad , Valipour Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies indicate a strong connection between oxidative stress, inappropriate activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although antioxidant therapy is a valid strategy to alleviate these problems, the most important limitation of this approach is the ineffectiveness of drug administration due to the limited permeability of the BBB. Therefore, BBB‐penetrating p38 MAPK modulators with proper antioxidant capacity could be useful in preventing/reducing the complications of neurodegenerative disorders. The current manuscript aims to review the therapeutic capabilities of some recently reviewed naturally occurring p38 MAPK inhibitors in the management of neurodegenerative problems such as Alzheimer's disease. In data collection, we tried to use more recent studies published in high‐quality journals indexed in databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and so on, but no specific time frame was considered due to the nature of the study. Our evaluations indicate that natural compounds tanshinones, protoberberines, pinocembrin, osthole, rhynchophylline, oxymatrine, schisandrin, piperine, paeonol, ferulic acid, 6‐gingerol, obovatol, and trolox have significant potential for use as supplements/adjuvants in the reduction of neurodegenerative‐related problems. Our findings emphasize the usefulness of BBB‐penetrating phytochemicals with p38 MAPK modulatory activity as potential therapeutic options against neurodegenerative disorders. Of course, the proper use of these compounds depends on considering their toxicity/safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as the clinical conditions of users.
Twenty‐Years of Anti‐Climate Change and Anti‐Evolution Education Legislation in the United States
Authors: da Rosa Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBoth evolution and climate change have broad scientific consensus, and yet they are the most contested scientific concepts in the US K‐12 education system. This study aimed to explore trends in proposed US state legislation employed from 2003 to 2023 by anti‐evolution and anti‐climate change education movements to constrain the teaching of these sciences. Using a historical qualitative research design, document analysis was used to evaluate state legislation and reports from the National Center for Science Education (NCSE). Two hundred and seventy‐three climate and evolution‐related House and Senate bills, concurrent resolutions, and joint resolutions were identified, coded, and analyzed. Eleven anti‐science education legislative tactics were employed from 2003 to 2023. Five were first identified in the literature review: academic freedom (42.1%), rebranding (12.1%), balanced treatment (12.1%), censorship (2.6%), and disclaimers (2.6%). Six new tactics were revealed in the analysis: anti‐indoctrination (16.8%), standards (12.1%), instructional materials (10.3%), religious liberty (8.8%), avoidance (4.4%), and religious instruction (4.0%). One‐quarter of bills and resolutions employed a combination of tactics. The most ubiquitous tactics were academic freedom bills, which urge science teachers to introduce ideas like intelligent design or climate change denial under the mantle of academic freedom, and anti‐indoctrination bills, which prevent teachers from advocating for controversial topics deemed political. Since 2017, anti‐indoctrination has become the preferred tactic. Southern, southeastern, and midwestern states were the most prolific in their contribution to anti‐science education legislation. Qualitative analysis revealed bill and resolution language was often recycled across years and states with slight changes to wording. From 2003 to 2023, the total number of anti‐science education state legislative efforts increased, as did the number of passed bills and resolutions. The implications of these tactics and trends are considered.
Self‐Assembly‐Derived Fluorescent N,S‐Co‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Sensitive Probes for Cr2O72− Detection
Authors: Hu Qian , Cui Yuxin , Xu Hao , Wang Qiguan , Wang Jin , Wang Sumin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of Cr2O72− in the environment is of great significance. This article synthesized water‐soluble N and S‐doped carbon quantum dots (N,S‐CQDs) using a simple hydrothermal self‐assembly pathway through hydrogen bonding of melamine and trithiocyanuric acid. N,S‐CQDs show green fluorescence under visible light excitation at 420 nm, with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 33.4%. Under photo‐induced electron transfer, significant fluorescence dynamic quenching occurred in N,S‐CQDs when a solution containing Cr2O72− was added. Based on this specific response, the selective and sensitive probe for Cr2O72− is achieved, with a wide detection concentration of up to 33 µm. The limits of detection can be as low as 0.11 µm. This work provides an easy‐prepared N,S‐CQDs for sensitive detecting of Cr2O72− in the environment.
Laser Irradiation Induced Electronic Structure Modulation of the Palladium‐Based Nanosheets for Efficient Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhu Liye , Zhao Yan , Zhai Tianrui , Yan Yinzhou , Jiang Yijian , Zhang Huanzhen , Zhang Ran , Gan Yuqi , Zhang Pengju , Zhou Kailing , Wu Shengbo , Tian Chenhe , Jiang Nan , Liu Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPalladium nanosheets (Pd NSs) are widely used as electrocatalysts due to their high atomic utilization efficiency, and long‐term stability. Here, the electronic structure modulation of the Pd NSs is realized by a femtosecond laser irradiation strategy. Experimental results indicate that laser irradiation induces the variation in the atomic structures and the macrostrain effects in the Pd NSs. The electronic structure of Pd NSs is modulated by laser irradiation through the balancing between Au–Pd charge transfer and the macros‐strain effects. Finite element analysis (FEA) indicates that the lattice of the nanostructures undergoes fast heating and cooling during laser irradiation. The structural evolution mechanism is disclosed by a combined FEA and molecule dynamics (MD) simulation. These results coincide well with the experimental results. The L‐AuPd NSs exhibit excellent mass activity and specific activity of 7.44 A mg‐1 Pd and 18.70 mA cm−2 toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), 4.3 and 4.4 times higher than the commercial Pd/C. The 2500‐cycle accelerated durability (ADT) test confirms the outstanding catalytic stability of the L‐AuPd NSs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the catalytic mechanism. This unique strategy provides a new pathway to design the ultrathin nanosheet‐based materials with excellent performance.
Interfacial Self‐Assembly Nanostructures: Constructions and Applications
Authors: Li Yanyan , Liang Dingyitai , Wang Ruimin , Yang Shouzhi , Liu Wanshan , Sang Qi , Pu Jun , Wang Yuning , Qian Kun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterfacial self‐assembly nanoarrays refer to the spontaneously organized nanostructures at interfaces, relying on the intrinsic properties of involved materials, such as surface energy, molecular structure, and interactions. In recent years, the exponential growth of self‐assembly nanotechnology has substantially expanded the utility of nanomaterials. Particularly, non‐covalent interactions‐based interfacial self‐assembly represents a viable and promising approach for the synthesis of novel nanostructure. This review introduces the significance and current development status of interfacial self‐assembly technology, focusing on the driving mode, application, and prospects of interfacial self‐assembly nanoarrays over the past few years.
Designing a Novel C3‐Fe‐N Interface Local Coordination Microenvironment for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Kai , Yadav Sunny , Cao Yong‐Hua , Dao Vandung , Li Yan , Uthirakumar Periyayya , Chen Jiangtao , Zhao Yun , Lee In‐Hwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping single‐atomic electrocatalysts (SACs) with high activity and stability for electrocatalytic water‐splitting has been challenging. Moreover, the practical utilization of SACs is still far from meeting the the theoretical prediction. Herein a facile and easy scale‐up fabrication method is proposed for designing a novel carbon‐iron‐nitrogen (C‐Fe‐N) electrocatalyst with a single atom electron bridge (C‐Fe‐N SAEBs), which exhibits lower overpotential and impedance than previously reported electrocatalysts. 0.8‐C‐Fe‐N SAEBs exhibits significant activity and excellent stability in the bi‐functional decomposition of water. The excellent performance of the C‐Fe‐N SAEBs electrocatalyst can be attributed to the strong coupling effect at the interface owing to the formation of a single atom C3‐Fe‐N local coordination microenvironment at the interface, which enhance the exposure of active sites and charge transfer, and reduced the adsorption energy barrier of intermediates. Theoretical calculation and synchrotron radiation analysis are performed to understand the mechanistic insights behind the experimental results. The results reveal that the active C3‐Fe‐N local coordination microenvironment at the interface not only improves water‐splitting behavior but also provides a deeper understanding of local‐interface geometry/electronic structure for improving the electrocatalytic activity. Thus, the proposed electrocatalyst, as well as the mechanistic insights into its properties, presents a significant stride toward practical application.
Analysis of the financial situation of the maximum budgets of the Health‐Promoting Entities in Colombia
Authors: Espinosa Oscar , Rodríguez Jhonathan , Arias Martha‐Liliana , Pinzón Daniel , Valdez Emiliano A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing a financial‐actuarial approach, a formal methodological proposal is presented, using to estimate the loss ratio of the maximum budgets, an ex‐ante financing mechanism for the health promoting entities (HPEs) of the contributory, and subsidized schemes of the General System of Social Security in Health in Colombia. Using public information from the financial statements of the HPEs, available on the website of the National Health Superintendency, the loss ratios for the years 2020 and 2021 were calculated. The results showed values above 150% for more than 40% of the HPEs analyzed. This generates a financial sustainability alert for the health sector regarding this specific mechanism. To ensure the efficiency of spending and guarantee the fundamental right to health of all inhabitants of the Colombian territory, it is proposed to invest more in the assessment of health technologies, use the cost‐effectiveness threshold already estimated for Colombia, establish clinical guidelines for health technologies not included in the Capitation Payment Unit, and update the health benefit plan in a systematic, participatory, and clear manner for all strategic actors.
Hydromagnetic flow of Casson fluid over a stretching plane through porous medium
Authors: Maurya Deepak K. , Deo Satya , Maurya Pankaj Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current investigation concentrates on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects of a steady Casson fluid flowing over a stretching sheet in the porous medium. A mathematical model for Casson fluid is developed in order to investigate the characteristics of non‐Newtonian fluid. The governing higher order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformation. The appropriate boundary conditions have been applied to generate analytical expressions of flow characteristics such as velocity and skin friction coefficient. Results are reported on specific cases of fluid velocity (horizontal/transversal) and skin friction coefficient. The skin friction coefficient, and the fluid flow characteristics, i.e., velocity profiles, are sketched for various values of the flow parameters, such as the Casson parameter, suction velocity, conductivity, and permeability parameter and analyzed. The velocity components are a decreasing function of the Casson parameter and electrical conductivity, whereas, the skin friction coefficient is an increasing function of permeability parameter. Deduced results validate the existing results.
A recurrent neural network approach for magneto‐hydro‐dynamic flow of second‐grade fluid with dissipation effect
Authors: Urooj Aamra , Kamran Muhammad Shoaib , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Hassan Qazi Mahmood Ul , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Maria  , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) with feedback loops known as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are appropriate for handling temporal dependencies. The accuracy of the results in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has gradually improved with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with CFD. This research article aims to decipher the dynamics of magneto‐hydro‐dynamic flow of second‐grade fluid with dissipation effect (MHD‐FSGF‐DE) using the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMB) based on RNNs (LMB‐RNNs). The dataset is produced by the cutting‐edge homotopy analysis method for variation of different parameters including fluid parameter β, Marangoni parameter Ma, Hartmann number M, and Prandtl number Pr. RNNs are trained on the points of the dataset to maximize the outcome's accuracy and provide a comprehensive knowledge of the long‐term correlations between the input and output data points. The accuracy of the state‐of‐the‐art LMB‐RNNs approach is validated by performance graphs, error histograms, training estate analyses, regression plots, and input and output correlation plots. The profiles of physical properties like velocity, temperature, and concentration against β, Ma, M, and Pr are graphically shown to further highlight how these parameters affect physical properties. After 1000 iterations, the mean squared error (MSE) is 10−10 and the observed value of correlation coefficient R is 1 endorsing the worth of the LMB‐RNNs. The velocity of fluid upsurges for increasing β while declines for increasing M and Ma. The outcomes are comparable with the previously published findings. The core findings of this study have potential applications in various fields like polymer processing and cooling of electronic devices, specifically in the areas of electronic coolant system design and optimization.
Influence of inclined magnetic field and surface catalyzed reactions on a ternary hybrid nanofluid rotating flow with irreversibility analysis
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Akhter Hafeez , Shahmir Nazia , Alkarni Shalan , Zhang Yan , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe goal of this research is to compute the numerical solution of the thermally stratified kerosene oil‐based ternary nanofluid flow with metallic nanoparticles including Nickel (Ni), Tantalum (Ta), and Zinc (Zn) influenced by an angled magnetic field between two parallel plates. The upper plate is assumed to be permeable and the lower is along the horizontal axis. The oxidation resistance and great thermal chemical stability of these nanoparticles make them ideal for usage in high temperature applications. This study also finds applications in chemical processing, microfluidic devices, and targeted drug delivery. In the energy equation, modified Fourier law and non‐uniform heat source‐sink are considered. The surface‐catalyzed reactions are considered with the variable diffusion coefficients. In addition, the irreversibility analysis is also performed. The flow model is supported by the slip and the thermal stratification conditions at the surface. The Tiwari and Das model is utilized to elucidate the characteristics of liquid flow, and it involves applying appropriate transformations to transmute the flow model into ordinary differential equations. These equations are computed via the bvp4c scheme. Graphs are generated to illustrate the impact of varied quantities on the flow and temperature profiles. Additionally, the surface drag coefficient and surface heat transfer rate are evaluated and summarized. It is worth mentioning that the thermal stratified and surface‐catalyzed parameters have reduced the temperature and concentration distributions respectively. The entropy generation is higher near the lower impermeable plate and lower near the upper permeable plate when the porosity parameter is enhanced. Additionally, it is noticed that 6% of the volume fraction of nanoparticles has a greater surface drag coefficient and heat transmission rate than 3% of the volume fraction of nanoparticles. This indicates that a higher volume fraction improves the surface drag and the heat transmission rate.
Did Gerrit’s Respectful Code Review Reminders Reduce Comment Toxicity?
Authors: Murphy-Hill Emerson , Dicker Jill , Carlson Delphine , Harbach Marian , Murillo Ambar , Zhou Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmerson Murphy-Hill, Jill Dicker, Delphine Carlson, Marian Harbach, Ambar Murillo, and Tao Zhou
O(9, 25) symmetry of heterotic string theory at orders α′, α′2
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In a recent study, we have observed that by imposing a truncated T-duality transformation on the circular reduction of the bosonic couplings in the heterotic theory at four- and six-derivative orders, we can calculate these couplings in a particular YM gauge where the YM potential vanishes but its field strength remains non-zero. Importantly, the coupling constants are independent of the gauge choice, so these results are valid across different YM gauge choices.In this work, we explore the cosmological reduction of these couplings when the YM gauge fields belong to the Cartan subalgebra of SO(32) or E8 × E8. We demonstrate that after applying appropriate one-dimensional field redefinitions and total derivative terms, the couplings can be expressed in a proposed O(9, 25)-invariant canonical form, which is the extension of the canonical O(9, 9)-invariant form for just the NS-NS fields proposed by Hohm and Zwiebach. This O(9, 25)-invariant expression is in terms of the trace of the first time derivative of the generalized metric, which encompasses both the YM field and the NS-NS fields.
Can clinical presentation predict radiologically confirmed cauda equina syndrome: retrospective case review of 530 cases at a tertiary emergency department
Authors: Wood Lianne , Dunstan Eleanor , Karouni Faris , Zlatanos Christos , Elkazaz Mohamed , Salem Khalid M.I. , D’Aquino Daniel A. , Lewis Martyn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) may have significant individual consequences if diagnostic delays occur. Our aim was to evaluate the presenting subjective and objective features of patients with suspected CES in comparison to those with radiologically confirmed cauda equina compression (CEC)..

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of all cases presenting with suspected CES to a tertiary emergency care unit over a two-year period. CEC was defined as radiological confirmation of CEC by Consultant Musculoskeletal (MSK) Radiologist report (MSK-CEC) and by measured canal occupancy due to an acute disc extrusion (> 75%)[measured by a Senior Spinal Surgeon (SP-CEC)]. Routine data collection was compared between categories. Chi square, multivariate regression analyses and ROC analysis of multiple predictors was performed.

Results
530 patients were included in this analysis, 60 (11.3%) had MSK-CEC, and 470 had NO- CEC. Only 43/60 (71.7%) had emergent surgery. Those with MSK-CEC and SP-CEC were statistically more likely to present with bilateral leg pain [(MSK-CEC OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.2, 5.8; p = 0.02)(SP-CEC OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7, 12.8; p = 0.003)]; and absent bilateral ankle reflexes [(MSK-CEC OR 4.3; 95% CI 2.0, 9.6; p < 0.001)(SP CEC OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.0, 6.19; p = 0.05)] on multivariate analysis. The ROC curve analysis acceptable diagnostic utility of having SP-CEC when both are present [Area under the curve 0.72 (95%CI 0.61, 0.83); p < 0.0001].

Conclusion
This study suggests that in those presenting with CES symptoms, the presence of both bilateral leg pain and absent ankle reflexes pose an acceptable diagnostic tool to predict a large acute disc herniation on MRI scan..
The ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of organic agroforestry: a systematic review
Authors: Aaron Willmott , Amritbir Riar , Stephane Saj , Laura Armengot , Harun Cicek , Milka Kiboi , Akanksha Singh , Ingo Grass , Marc Cotter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic agriculture and agroforestry are two agroecological approaches that have been proposed to address the many negative externalities of intensive agriculture.However, their comparative efficiency in promoting sustainability when combined is unclear, as they are typically studied in isolation. To address this we conducted a systematic review of comparative studies addressing organic versus conventional agroforestry and their monocultural counterparts. We conducted a content analysis resulting in an impact matrix utilizing seven broad categories encompassing ecological, socioeconomic and environmental aspects of sustainability. By analyzing these impact categories separately, it is possible to highlight the distinct advantages and issues in organic agroforestry systems over alternative systems, as well as the potential for multifunctionality. Research in organic agroforestry is strongly biased towards South American Cocoa and Coffee, but, in spite of this, evidence thus far suggests that organic agroforestry has many advantages across all categories studied and few drawbacks; the main one being yield of single crops. A large number of comparisons yielded neutral outcomes, suggesting that there are a limited set of trade-offs associated with organic agroforestry, many of which may be attenuated by altering management and market conditions. We conclude by highlighting key research areas in organic agroforestry which need to be addressed including: the differing ways of quantifying yield, staple crops and expanding the geographic range of studies.