bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Habitus and Body Mass Index: How They Influence the Outcomes of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Treated by Microsurgical Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Jadhav Anil , Katyal Abhishek , Jagetia Anita , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Singh Daljit 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly, few studies have analysed outcomes among obese patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association of obesity with treatment outcomes among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) treated by microsurgical aneurysmal repair.

Methodology:
A prospective study was conducted for 1 year in aSAH patients managed by microsurgical clipping with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The body habitus of patients was classified as non-obese (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and ≤40 kg/m2) or morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2). Multivariable analysis was done to evaluate the association of body habitus with in-hospital mortality rate and complications. Covariates included patient demographics (age and sex), comorbidities (including hypertension and diabetes) and associated systemic diseases (including cardiac, respiratory and other parenchymal diseases).

Results:
In total, 106 patients were included in this prospective study over 1 year. Obese and morbidly obese patients had a greater number of comorbidities than non-obese patients (P < 0.001) and had poor grades of presentation of SAH. Mortality rates for obese (19.04%) and morbidly obese patients (20%) did not significantly differ from those for non-obese patients (17.36%); however, poor functional outcome was associated with mildly and morbidly obese patients. Morbid obesity was associated with significantly increased odds of several medical complications, including venous thromboembolic and pulmonary and cardiac complications and infections (attributable to greater odds of urinary tract and surgical site infections).

Conclusions:
Obesity in patients of aneurysmal SAH treated by microsurgical clipping is associated with more comorbidities and higher odds of post-operative complications resulting in poor functional outcomes, with no significant difference in mortality rates.
A Simple Workstation for Micro-suturing and Vascular Anastomosis for Training in Neurosurgery
Authors: Jha Deepak Kumar , Jha Ashutosh , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Nayyar Ashish Kumar , Dixit Shilpi Gupta , Ghatak Surajit 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis skills need regular practice to make performing these highly skilled surgeries become easy during real situations.

Materials and Methods:
Micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis practices were done on artificial silicon and cadaver skin-subcutaneous fat-muscle layer, vessels harvested from chicken and vessels and nerves harvested from cadaver using 6-0-10-0 prolene and Ethilon sutures using a table-mounted operating microscope with three step magnification.

Results:
The workstation was simple to use and helpful in practicing micro-suturing and vascular anastomoses. It does not need a dedicated facility or room and can be setup near the outpatient department in the corner of a small room with a table-mounted operating microscope.

Conclusion:
Setting up a simple workstation for practicing micro-suturing and vascular anastomosis will be helpful in improving the neurosurgery trainee’s skills, especially in a resource-scarce setting.
Use of Selected Types of Crime Analysis in Modern Criminological Science: Experience of Ukraine and the World
Authors: Topchii Vasyl , Topchii Oksana , Zabarniy Maksym , Karpenko Nataliіa , Hrytsiuk Ihor 
Published: September 2024

Background:
In order to effectively prevent crime, the law enforcement agencies in Ukraine use criminological forecasting, through which it is possible to study and identify the main problems of crime.

Aims and Objectives:
The article aims to consider the modern criminological science in Ukraine and the world within the framework of criminological analysis used, determine the advantages and disadvantages of the selected types of criminological analysis, and substantiate the feasibility of investigating latent crimes.

Materials and Methods:
In the course of the study, the following general scientific and special research methods were used: formal-logical, system, statistical, and synthesis method.

Results:
The authors conclude by the conducted analytical study that such criminological analyses as regression, factorial, and monitoring are the most widespread at the present stage of criminological science development. These methods of criminological analysis were examined, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and recommendations for their application in criminological science were given. It was established that the regression analysis is not found in many criminological studies, but the increase in crime rates both in Ukraine and in the world has led to the update in this direction.

Conclusion:
It has been proved that monitoring is the most frequent type of criminological analysis. This method is often used in criminological research to analyze statistical reporting publicly available to law enforcement agencies. The study has found it is advisable to investigate latent crime in addition to statistical indicators since it is several times higher than the level of officially registered criminal offenses in the country.
Characteristics of Mechanical Asphyxia: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study in Two Developed Cities in China
Authors: Huang Erwen , Lv Guoli , Wang Yumei , Wang Qiangwei , Zhang Jing , Liang Lie , Liu Ben , Yang Wen , Tang Chuanyi , Liu Chao , Cheng Jianding 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Mechanical asphyxia (MA) is multi-classified. Some epidemiological characteristics are shared and the others different among different MA types.

Aims and Objectives:
To reveal the characteristics of different types of MA and provide reference data for forensic identification of MA.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed 913 cases to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of MA in Dongguan and Guangzhou, China.

Results:
Seven types of MA were identified and strangulation accounted for up to 89.2%. Those aged 20-29 were the most susceptible to all types, except for traumatic and positional asphyxia. Suicide accounted for 96.6% of hanging cases, and accident was the main manner of death in cases of choking, traumatic, and positional asphyxia. Homicide was the most common in cases of ligature strangulation (LS), manual strangulation (MS), smothering, and asphyxia concomitant with lethal mechanical injury. The homicide rate in LS was positively correlated with the rate of female victims (P<0.001, OR=21.14). In MS, the ratio of female : male was 101 : 15 in homicide. Compared to native residents, migrant workers were more likely to suffer from LS and MS. Rope was used in 50.8% of hanging cases, while LS tools were evenly distributed. Ligature marks were mostly found above the thyroid cartilage in both hanging and LS cases. The U shaped marks were shown in 51.01% of hanging cases but absent in LS cases. In LS, ligature marks completely encircling the neck, discontinuous marks, as well as ≥two marks, were more (P<0.001) than in hanging. In LS and MS cases, abrasion and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the neck were more frequent than in hanging cases (P=0.004 and P<0.001), but the difference in frequency of blister marks was opposite (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In summary, this study revealed the epidemiological characteristics of the MA cases in Guangzhou and Dongguan cities. The characteristics of death scene and autopsy findings are important in differentiation of different types of MA, especially between suicide and homicide.
Preservation of Eye in Carcinoma of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses – A Critical Review
Authors: Bahadur Sudhir , Sharma Arun , Malik Junaid , Monga Seema 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Tumor invasion into the orbit by carcinoma is well known and its negative impact on the survival and quality of life has been discussed in the literature.

Methods:
This article is a narrative review on the preservation of eye in the management of cancers of the nose and paranasal region.

Conclusions:
The clinical features and modern imaging can help in preoperative planning, aided by the intraoperative assessment in decision-making to preserve the eye or not. Unlike in the past, when even orbital periosteum involvement was considered for orbital sacrifice, more conservative approach has been advocated in recent years in view of anatomic, radiological, and histological studies. Limited involvement of the periorbita or even the small part of intraorbital fat may still be considered for the preservation of the eye in selected patients with frozen section control and without affecting the oncologic outcome.
Expression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/Neu in Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Jha Ashesh Kumar , Verma Vansh , Patiri Karsing , Arora Nikhil 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Molecular alterations in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity are not well known. Many reports have found increased human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in oral cancer. Overexpression of HER-2 in premalignant lesions may denote its positive contribution in the malignant transformation of these lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-three samples of leukoplakia were stained by routine H and E to assess any dysplasia; five samples of normal mucosa were used as control. Immunohistochemical staining for HER-2 was done. ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines were used for reporting the results. The percentage of lesions expressing cytoplasmic or membranous expression was calculated.

Results:
One sample of leukoplakia with severe dysplasia expressed focal membranous staining. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in 3/9 (33.33%) dysplastic leukoplakia. Only one nondysplastic leukoplakia expressed cytoplasmic HER-2 staining.

Conclusions:
Membranous expression in severe dysplasia and higher expression in oral cancer are in concordance with the multistep theory of carcinogenesis.
The Staggering Hypothyroidism in Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients after Combined Multimodality Treatment
Authors: Vasu Bindu Kizhakkevelikkakathu , Rajan Sunil , Sasikumar Niranjan Kumar , Babu Sruthi Cherakulam , Sudevan Manu , Paul Jerry 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:
Hypothyroidism is common following treatment of head-and-neck malignancy. We aimed to assess the incidence of hypothyroidism in patients posted for operations with a history of radical neck surgeries with or without adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, their requirement of induction agents, hemodynamic changes, and recovery time following general anesthesia.

Methods:
This was a prospective, nonrandomized single-arm study conducted in 100 patients aged 18–85 years, who were posted for surgery under general anesthesia after 3 months of radical neck surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. All patients received a standardized general anesthesia protocol. Patients were grouped into those having either hypothyroidism or those in the euthyroid state.

Results:
Seventy-two percent of patients had varying degrees of hypothyroidism. There was significant reduction in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from preinduction values at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation in patients with hypothyroidism. The reduction in both HR and MAP was significantly pronounced throughout postintubation period in the hypothyroid patients as compared to the patients with normal thyroid function. The mean induction dose of propofol was significantly lesser for hypothyroid patients compared with euthyroid (0.85 ± 0.17 mg/kg vs. 1.62 ± 2.52 mg/kg), with prolonged recovery time. The incidence of hypotension was significantly high among the hypothyroid patients.

Conclusion:
The incidence of hypothyroidism in patients after radical neck surgery with or without adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is as high as 72%. These patients required less anesthetic agents for the induction of general anesthesia and developed profound hypotension after induction which persisted after intubation and had a prolonged recovery time.
Prevalence of Thyroid Lesions in Thyroidectomy Specimens - A Histomorphological Study in Urban Industrial Area
Authors: Chandanwale Shirish Sahebrao , Sutreja Diva , Patel Payal , Verma Anubhaw , Kulkarni Sushma 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The prevalence of thyroid diseases is enormous in general population of India and more common in women than men. Although the World Health Organization assessment status has classified India as having optimal iodine nutrition in 2004, hypothyroidism still contributes significantly to burden of thyroid disorders in India. The prevalence of thyroid diseases varies according to different geographical areas, age, and sex. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected specimens in urban industrial area and to study their histomorphological features.

Materials and Methods:
The 430 patients in whom partial or complete surgical resection of thyroid was done were included in the study. The histomorphological features were studied in detail and correlated with clinical findings.

Results:
The majority of thyroid specimens (90.71%) were total thyroidectomies. More than half, i.e., 54.65% (n = 235) of the thyroidectomies were done in 3rd and 4th decade. The 85.11% (n = 366) were female patients. The multinodular goiter was the commonest etiology (n = 341) for thyroidectomy. The follicular adenoma (n = 25) and the papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 20) were common neoplastic lesion.

Conclusion:
The thyroid lesions in females more often require surgical intervention as compared to males. The 31–50 years is the most common age group who require surgical intervention. The substantial number of younger females in the age group of 16–30 years requires surgical intervention. The multinodular goiter due to iodine deficiency appears to be most common cause of thyroidectomy. The early diagnosis and proper therapy is the key for reducing the thyroidectomies in younger females.
The Utility of Telemedicine for Postoperative Follow-Up Care in Head and Neck Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reddy N. Apoorva , Thakur Shalini , Joshna B. M. , Kumar Koustabh , Kudpaje Akshay , Vishal Rao U. S. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Follow-up care and monitoring of survivorship are key aspects of head and neck cancer management. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unforeseen challenge before head and neck surgeons and has created an urgent need for deploying processes for triaging patients. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a 3-tiered protocol incorporating principles of “mhealth” proposed by WHO and telemedicine to monitor recurrence, maintain compliance, and address pressing issues in follow-up head and neck cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and one head and neck cancer patients who have undergone surgery and/or completed chemoradiation between the years 2015 and 2020 were selected. Details of patients who were on regular follow-up until March 2020 were obtained. A 3-tier screening protocol including a telephonic questionnaire, video consultation, and visit to primary care center was utilized to triage patients.

Results:
Fifty-seven percent of the patients did not require any intervention and were managed through video consultation with specialists. 38% of the patients needed a visit to a nearby health care worker or primary physician along with rehabilitation services. Only 5% of them needed a visit to a tertiary healthcare center for specialist care. The overall dropout from follow-up in this study was 19.8%. There was no significant difference of scores noted between oral cavity and nonoral cavity cancer groups (z = 1.17, P = 0.24, Mann–Whitney Test).

Conclusion:
The proposed 3-tier screening protocol using telemedicine is a feasible, cost-effective, and time-efficient tool to overcome the negative impact of COVID-19 on follow-up care.
The Ovarian Volume in Girls Presented as Precocious Puberty
Authors: Durmaz Onder , Fatihoglu Erdem , Ozkan Berna Hatun , Memis Kemal Bugra , Aydin Sonay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Isosexual precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and before the age of 9 years in boys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ovarian volume and bone age measurements with the number of symptoms in female patients diagnosed with PP.

Methods:
The dataset includes pelvic ultrasound and bone age tests from 96 girls diagnosed with PP who presented to a tertiary hospital’s pediatric outpatient clinic with signs and symptoms of early puberty between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. The study included 96 healthy ladies of the same age as a control group.

Results:
A total volume >2.75 was shown to predict the existence of pubertal pre with 79.2% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.903; P = 0.001). A total volume of >3.25 predicted the existence of 2 or more symptoms in patients with PP, with a sensitivity of 72.1% and a specificity of 98.1% (AUC: 0.917; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, no study has been published that investigates the relationship between the number of symptoms at the time of presentation and ovarian volume and bone age in girls with PP. Our investigation, which involved 192 female participants (96 patients and 96 controls), revealed a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of symptoms indicating early puberty and a rise in both ovarian capacity and bone age.
Effect of Wound Irrigation with Povidone Iodine Versus Normal Saline on Superficial Incisional Surgical Site Infection Following Laparotomy for Peritonitis
Authors: Adeleke Akeem Aderogba , Wuraola Funmilola Olanike , Olasehinde Olalekan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Peritonitis is a surgical emergency arising mostly from the perforation or rupture of an abdominal hollow viscus. Surgical operations for peritonitis are often attended by high morbidity and sometimes mortality in severe cases. Surgical site infection (SSI) is perhaps the most common post-operative morbidity following laparotomy for peritonitis.

Objective:
To compare the rate of SSI in abdominal operations for peritonitis following wound irrigation with povidone iodine versus normal saline at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, comparative hospital-based study over a year. Consecutive consenting adult patients were randomised into two groups in this study. The first group (A) used 500 mL of 1% povidone iodine for subcutaneous wound irrigation, while the second group (B) used 500 mL of normal saline for subcutaneous wound irrigation. Wound irrigation was done after an appropriate surgical procedure had been carried out based on the pathology. Wounds were assessed for SSI for up to 30 days after operation using the definition criteria by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SSI rates were compared between the two groups.

Result:
Fifty-eight consecutive patients with generalised peritonitis over a one-year period were enrolled in this study, but 53 patients who completed the study were analysed. Thirty patients were males and 23 were females, and their mean age was 40.83 ± 17.96 years. Overall, 15 (28.3%) patients had incisional SSI. There were nine (34.6%) cases in the povidone group, while there were six (22.2%) in the saline group. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.32). Klebsiella species were the dominant organisms isolated from the infected wounds.

Conclusion:
Wound irrigation with povidone iodine after laparotomy for peritonitis did not reduce the rate and severity of surgical site infection more when compared to normal saline. We suggest further studies with a large number of patients in a multi-centre study to explore further the effect of povidone iodine versus normal saline wound irrigation on SSI following laparotomy for peritonitis.
A Rare Case of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of the Brachial Plexus with a Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Mishra Jiten Kumar , Sahu Shamendra Anand , Nanda Siddhartha , Saha Aparajita , Gupta Ashish Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The brachial plexus is usually involved by tumours of adjacent areas like the lungs, breast, and cervical spine. Primary tumour of the brachial plexus are rare. It constitutes less than 5% of upper extremity tumours. Still rare are malignant tumours. Once malignancy is diagnosed there should be no delay in surgery considering the aggressive nature. Here, we discuss the diagnostic dilemma in a case of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour and its surgical approach. Surgical excision was challenging because of the complex anatomy, retroclavicular/infraclavicular extension and proximity tumour to adjacent vital structures.
Effect of <i>Stachytarpheta cayennensis</i> essential oil on liver function and oxidative stress markers in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Okonkwo Chibuzor Onyinye , Ukam Catherine Ironya-Ogar , Okonkwo Sunday Nnamdi , Uyang Glory Akomaye , Chukwu Oluomachi Chizuruoke 
Published: September 2024

The effect of essential oil from the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis (a potential bio-pesticidal agent) on some biochemical indices of Wistar rats was tested to determine the safety of this oil on non-target organisms. Twenty-eight (28) albino Wistar rats weighing between 150-180g were divided into seven groups of four rats each. Group A served as negative control, B1, B2, and B3 were exposed to 500 mg, 300 mg and 150 mg/kg body weight of a synthetic insecticide (BNC) while S1, S2, S3 were exposed to 5000, 3000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight of Stachytarpheta cayennensis essential oil. After twenty-eight days, blood samples were collected and tested for liver function markers: aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and oxidative stress markers: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxide. Liver enzyme activities were higher (p < 0.05) in the BNC exposed rats compared to the control and essential oil exposed groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while glutathione peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide concentrations increased in the BNC exposed groups relative to the control group. The essential oil was milder in its effects on tested biochemical indices, and may hold better promises than the synthetic pesticide in terms of safety.