bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONFLITO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS: DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E DIREITO À VIDA – A INFLUÊNCIA DO FENÔMENO RELIGIOSO NO DIREITO
Authors: Carvalho Wanderley T. , Mateus Sérgio 
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo tem o escopo de identificar quais são os impactos e de que forma a ideologia e a religião, como fenômenos culturais, podem influenciar os julgadores contemporâneos, na elaboração do provimento judicial. Para atingir este objetivo realizar-se-á uma análise crítica da fundamentação jurídica utilizada pelo judiciário, na prolação de acórdãos ou sentenças, que envolvam o conflito de direitos fundamentais: dignidade da pessoa humana e direito à vida. Cabe salientar que tal estudo tem grande relevância, em virtude da entrada em vigor do novo Código de Processo Civil/2015, que atribui à jurisprudência formalizada, uma enorme força normativa. As ciências sociais nos têm mostrado que todo ser humano é dotado de razão e emoção. Segundo pesquisas, os juízes como todos os seres humanos, podem ser perfeitamente influenciados por fatores extrínsecos à causa, principalmente no momento de se emitir uma sentença. Nesse diapasão, surge a seguinte indagação: em que medida a moral, a emoção, a ideologia e os aspectos culturais da religião podem influenciar esses julgadores, na determinação da escolha da única resposta correta, em um conflito de direitos fundamentais? Aprioristicamente tem-se que moral, a cultura e as religiões locais de uma determinada sociedade dificultam a construção de um direito universal, comum e uniforme, o que vem conduzindo o Poder Judiciário, em certa medida, a prolatar decisões em sentidos opostos, embora muitas das vezes, o contexto fático seja idêntico, principalmente quando a matéria refere-se a direitos humanos. Ressalta-se que tais fatores podem gerar insegurança jurídica, por isso devem ser estudados e controlados.
Exerimental method and preliminary studies of the passive containment water film evaporation mass transfer
Authors: Li C. , Yang L. , Zhao W. , Zhou S. , Du W. , Gao Z. , Li H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For larger containments and higher operation parameters, characteristics of the outside cooling of the PCCS are very important for the analysis on the containment integrity. A preliminary analysis was made and a four-step experimental method was used to numerically analyze the falling water film evaporation for the advanced passive containment. Then, the water flow stability along the outside wall of the containment was studied. The results fit well with those correlations without airflow when the air velocity is less than 5.0 m/s. However, when the air velocity is larger than 5.0 m/s, the influence of the air velocity on the water film will appear and the mean water film thickness will be thicker. Based on the prototype operation parameters, experimental studies were carried and the results were compared with the Dittus-Boelter correlation within the operation ranges. A modification factor was proposed for the conservative application of this correlation for nuclear safety analysis.
PCTRAN enhancement for large break loss of coolant accident concurrent with loss of offsite power in VVER-1000 simulation
Authors: Hadad K. , Esmaeili-Sanjavanmareh M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
PCTRAN capability to simulate a large break loss of coolant accident concurrent with the loss of offsite power in Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant is enhanced and investigated. Following the correction of the accident scenario for Bushehr nuclear power plant in PCTRAN, simulation results are compared with the final safety assessment report of that plant. As a result, the primary loop thermal hydraulics parameters including pressure, total flow rates, leakage flow rates and reactor power are in a good agreement with the reference data. Hot and cold leg temperature variations have the same trends as reference data but have a maximum of 80 8C disagreement at the transient initiation. The reason for this disagreement is explained and its adjustment is discussed. Improvements of PCTRAN simulator are mainly due to enhancing user control for atmospheric steam dump valve, containment pressure and emergency core cooling systems which are thoroughly described in this paper.
Optical Properties of HDPE in Injection Molding and Injection Press Molding for IR System Lenses Part II: Mold Temperature and Surface Roughness Effects on Injection Molding
Authors: Kaneda R. , Takahashi T. , Takiguchi M. , Hijikata M. , Ito H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
An experimental investigation of injection molding was conducted to assess the high infrared radiation (IR) transmittance with an opaque state (low visibility ray (VR) transmittance) necessary for IR system lenses as a target high-density polyethylene (HDPE) IR transmission material. In our earlier investigation, experimental investigations of injection molding and injection press molding were conducted using the mold cavity of a disk-shaped finished mirror-like surface. For high mold temperature and long cooling time, the increased core-layer thickness improved the IR transmittance. Simultaneously, the VR transmittance decreased because the crystallinity became higher. Furthermore, when injection press molding was done, the VR transmittance decreased because the crystallinity increased. Using a 0.5-mm-thick mold cavity with disk shapes having different surface roughness, an injection molding experiment was conducted for this study while changing only the mold temperature of 20 to 80°C. Results show that when the mold surface roughness became high, the surface roughness of molded parts became high, too. Thereby the IR and VR transmittance were decreased. However, when the mold temperature was high, the influences of the so-called skin-core structure and crystallinity were stronger than the influence of the surface roughness of molded parts. The IR transmittance increased because of the decrease of the skin layer. Furthermore, the VR transmittance decreased because of a simultaneous rise of the crystallinity. The minimum value of obtained VR transmittance was 9.3% at mold temperature of 80°C using a mold of the highest surface roughness. This molded part reached an opaque state. Furthermore, a higher IR transmittance of 64.9% was obtained. When injection molding was conducted using a mold of a mirror-like surface with the same conditions as those in this investigation in our earlier investigation, the obtained IR and VR transmittances were 65.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Consequently, when the mold temperature was high, a few differences were found with transmittance of the molded parts using the mold of the mirror-like surface. Results showed that no difficulty arises when a mold having higher surface roughness is used at a higher mold temperature.
L'amitié au couvent
Authors: Abbruzzetti Véronique 
Published: April 2017

L'amitié au couvent
Par l'étude de deux textes monastiques, la Règle du Maître du vie siècle et L'Amitié spirituelle du moine cistercien anglais JEired de Rievaulx (xne siècle), cet article vise à montrer l'évolution de la conception monas¬ tique de l'amitié. Dans la Règle du Maître , l'amitié s'insère dans un cadre normatif, elle contribue à forger une discipline. Elle est intégrée dans un discours législatif, qui vise à ordonner et préserver la cohésion — et l'obéis¬ sance -de la communauté monastique. Le traité, dialogué, dTElred Rie¬ vaulx est une relecture du De amicitia de Cicéron qui propose une concep¬ tion nouvelle de l'amitié : par son christo-centrisme affirmé, et qui est profondément ressenti par le cistercien, ce traité donne pleinement sa place à l'homme, à qui il redonne l'espérance, en affirmant le rôle déter¬ minant de l'amitié comme «échelon vers l'amour et la connaissance de Dieu », comme voie d'accès au salut.
«Divers» de quoi ? Le fait divers dans le Décaméron
Authors: Fontes-Baratto Anna 
Published: April 2017

«Diverso» da cosa ? Il fait divers nel Decameron.
Postulando un'equivalenza, seppur indebita, tra les faits divers e i «casi vari» narrati nel Decameron, si può evincere, in seno a questa varietà, una diversità dovuta a un rapporto particolarmente stretto di contiguità temporale tra narrazione e narrato. Essa non è però reperibile nelle novelle, sempre situate prima della cesura introdotta dalla peste, bensì in tre segmenti del macrotesto che le inquadra : nella descrizione della peste con cui si apre l'Introduzione alla prima giornata ; nel resoconto del processo di elaborazione, eccezionalmente lungo e animato, del tema scelto per la settima giornata (quella delle beffe femminili) ; nei paragrafi finali della Conclusione dell'Autore. L'analisi di questi tre segmenti porta ad evidenziarne la funzione metatestuale, volta ad illustrare, nel percorso autoriale di scrittura e riscrittura, la centralità della resistenza che oppone il libro nel suo complesso — novelle, cornice e interventi dell'Autore — all'inesorabile dilagare della peste, sia essa patologica o metaforica.
Rhétorique du fait divers chez Sandro Veronesi
Authors: Boulé-Basuyau Anne 
Published: April 2017

Retorica del fait divers in Sandro Veronesi : dal paradosso al palindromo
Caos calmo, pubblicato nel 2005 da Sandro Veronesi, permette di interessarsi alle rappresentazioni e alle funzioni del fait divers nella letteratura di finzione. L'esistenza del protagonista risulta radicalmente modificata da due fait divers simultanei, il cui racconto occupa il primo capitolo e le conseguenze tutto il resto del libro : all'inizio del romanzo, il protagonista salva una sconosciuta dall'annegamento mentre, nello stesso momento, la moglie di lui muore repentinamente a poche centinaia di metri da lì ; i 37 capitoli successivi raccontano l'insolito atteggiamento di quell'uomo di fronte al lutto, il proprio lutto e quello della figlia decenne.
L'interrogarsi sull'autenticità dei faits divers presenti nelle opere letterarie è spesso vano. Nella letteratura contemporanea, l'interesse sta nel modo con cui
lo scrittore fronteggia il modello giornalistico paraletterario : può liberarsene come Veronesi in Caos calmo , che fa a meno di quella mediazione, sia pure fittizia. Quanto ci interessa allora, è la maniera con la quale lo scrittore introduce e racconta l'evento «fait divers» e la funzione che gli affida nel proprio libro.
L'analisi della maniera con cui Veronesi si è appropriato e ha declinato il fait divers e le sue conseguenze permetterà di palesare l'onnipresenza nel testo della figura del paradosso e delle figure sorelle : antitesi e ossimoro, che sono altrettante immagini dello squilibrio e del disordine che hanno fatto irruzione nella vita del protagonista con il fait divers tragico. Una figura più discreta avrà però la meglio, permettendo all'uomo di uscire dall'impasse in cui si era adagiato :
il palindromo, introdotto all'inizio del romanzo dalla maestra della bambina per riflettere sul concetto di irreversibilità, torna nelle ultime pagine per significare che il ritorno all'ordine e alla normalità può e deve compiersi, per offrire insomma al romanzo il suo scioglimento.
Buzzati et Sciascia à l'épreuve de la torture
Authors: Amrani Sarah 
Published: April 2017

Buzzati e Sciascia di fronte alla tortura. Letture di Manzoni cronista.
Prendendo lo spunto dall'analisi di Manzoni (in Storia della colonna infame, 1842), sia Buzzati (ne La colonna infame, 1962) che Sciascia (nell'introduzione a Storia della colonna infame, 1973 e ne La strega e il capitano, 1986) hanno consegnato una loro personale e moderna riflessione sul processo e sulla sentenza pronunciata, nel 1630, contro gli «untori» milanesi.
Sulla base di un esempio di ordinario esercizio della giustizia nel Seicento, entrambi propongono a distanza di secoli dal fatto e dalla lettura manzoniana di interrogare in un contesto contemporaneo, in funzione della propria sensibilità, le derive legate ai timori ancestrali della malattia e della morte, nonché di prendere in esame le questioni — attuali dal loro punto di vista — delle garanzie istituzionali e delle responsabilità individuali di fronte ai soprusi del potere, nella fattispecie quello giudiziario. Remoto fatto di cronaca, diventato per numerosi scrittori italiani da Pietro Verri in poi emblematico dell'accecamento della ragione collettiva, fatto esemplare per le notevoli ripercussioni avute, il processo detto degli «untori» evidenzia in Buzzati e Sciascia delle preoccupazioni civiche identiche, nonostante una ricezione risolutamente diversa dell'evento e un particolare impegno e radicamento nelle problematiche morali sollevate in modo specifico dal Novecento. Al di là di questo loro posizionamento singolare, le loro riscritture si ricongiungono per la loro portata e per l'attenzione data alla lezione manzoniana, che svela una originale vena «illuministica» meno sotterranea di quanto potrebbe prima sembrare nella tradizione letteraria italiana e in autori ritenuti del tutto opposti.
Insight into “Changing-look” AGN Mrk 1018 from the Fe Kα Line: The Reprocessing Gas Has Yet to Fully Respond to the Fading of the AGN
Authors: LaMassa Stephanie M. , Yaqoob Tahir , Kilgard Roy 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mrk 1018 is a “changing-look” active galactic nucleus (AGN) whose optical spectrum transitioned from a Type 1.9 to a Type 1 between 1979 and 1984, and then back to a Type 1.9 in 2015. This latest transition was accompanied by a decrease in X-ray flux. We analyze the Chandra spectra from 2010 and 2016 and NuSTAR spectra from 2016, with a careful treatment of pileup in the Chandra spectrum from 2010, and self-consistently model absorption, reflection, and Fe Kα line emission in the X-ray spectra from 2016. We demonstrate that while the 2–10 keV X-ray flux decreased by an order of magnitude (1.46

–

erg s−1 cm−2), the Fe Kα equivalent width (EW) increased from

to

keV due to a depressed AGN continuum. We jointly fit the Chandra and NuSTAR spectra from 2016 using the physically motivated MYTorus model, and find that the torus orientation is consistent with a face-on geometry and that lines of sight intersecting the torus are ruled out. While we measure no line-of-sight absorption, we do measure a column density of

cm−2 for gas out of the line of sight that reprocesses the X-ray emission. We find a high relative normalization between the Compton-scattered emission and transmitted continuum, which is indicative of time lags between the primary X-ray source and reprocessing gas. We predict that the Fe Kα line will respond to the decrease in AGN flux, which would manifest as a decrease in the Fe Kα EW.
Hidden Broad-line Regions in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: From the Spectropolarimetric Perspective
Authors: Du Pu , Wang Jian-Min , Zhang Zhi-Xiang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The hidden broad-line regions (BLRs) in Seyfert 2 galaxies, which display broad emission lines (BELs) in their polarized spectra, are a key piece of evidence in support of the unified model for active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the detailed kinematics and geometry of hidden BLRs are still not fully understood. The virial factor obtained from reverberation mapping of type 1 AGNs may be a useful diagnostic of the nature of hidden BLRs in type 2 objects. In order to understand the hidden BLRs, we compile six type 2 objects from the literature with polarized BELs and dynamical measurements of black hole masses. All of them contain pseudobulges. We estimate their virial factors, and find the average value is 0.60 and the standard deviation is 0.69, which agree well with the value of type 1 AGNs with pseudobulges. This study demonstrates that (1) the geometry and kinematics of BLR are similar in type 1 and type 2 AGNs of the same bulge type (pseudobulges), and (2) the small values of virial factors in Seyfert 2 galaxies suggest that, similar to type 1 AGNs, BLRs tend to be very thick disks in type 2 objects.
Making Terrestrial Planets: High Temperatures, FU Orionis Outbursts, Earth, and Planetary System Architectures
Authors: Hubbard Alexander 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Current protoplanetary dust coagulation theory does not predict dry silicate planetesimals, in tension with the Earth. While remedies to this predicament have been proposed, they have generally failed numerical studies, or are in tension with the Earth’s (low, volatility dependent) volatile and moderately volatile elemental abundances. Expanding on the work of Boley et al., we examine the implications of molten grain collisions and find that they may provide a solution to the dry silicate planetesimal problem. Furthermore, the source of the heating, whether it be a hot inner disk or an FU Orionis scale accretion event, would dictate the location of the resulting planetesimals, potentially controlling subsequent planetary system architectures. We hypothesize that systems that did undergo FU Orionis scale accretion events host planetary systems similar to our own, while ones that did not undergo such an accretion event instead host very close in, tightly packed planets such as those seen by Kepler.
Metabolic Profiles of Individuals Switched to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy after Failing Standard First-Line Therapy for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection in a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Yao Amanda H , Moore Cecilia L , Lim Poh Lian , Molina Jean-Michel , Madero Juan Sierra , Kerr Stephen , Mallon Paddy WG , Emery Sean , Cooper David A , Boyd Mark A ,   the SECOND-LINE study group
Published: April 2017

Background To investigate metabolic changes associated with second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) following virological failure of first-line ART. Methods SECOND-LINE was an open-label randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with 2–3 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (N[t]RTI group) or raltegravir (RAL group). 210 participants had a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-scan at baseline, week 48 and 96. We categorized participants according to second-line ART backbone: thymidine analogue (ta-NRTI) + lamivudine/emtricitabine (3[F]TC; ta-NRTI group); tenofovir (TDF)+3(F)TC (TDF group); TDF+ta-NRTI ±3(F)TC (TDF+ta-NRTI group); RAL. Changes in fasted total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides and glucose from baseline to week 96 were examined. We explored the association between metabolic and DXA-assessed soft-tissue changes. Linear regression methods were used. Results We analysed 454 participants. Participants in RAL group had greater TC increases, TC (adjusted mean difference [aMD]=0.65, 95% CI 0.33, 0.96), LDL-c (aMD=0.38, 95% CI 0.15, 0.61) and glucose (aMD=0.47, 95% CI -0.01, 0.92) compared to TDF group, and had greater increases in TC (aMD=0.65, 95% CI 0.28, 1.03), HDL-c (aMD=0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.23) and LDL-c (aMD=0.41, 95% CI 0.13, 0.69) compared to TDF+ta-NRTI group. TC/HDL ratio and triglycerides increased in all groups without significant differences between groups. A 1 kg increase in trunk fat mass was associated with an increase in TC. Conclusions We observed metabolic changes of limited clinical significance in the relatively young population enrolled in this study. However, the metabolic changes observed may have greater clinical significance in older people living with HIV or those with other concomitant cardiovascular risks.
De l’anthropologie de la vendetta en temps de « crise totale »
Authors: Bardhoshi Nebi , Muller Sylvie 
Published: April 2017

L’objectif de cet article est double. Il propose non seulement d’examiner le rapport qui existe entre la « crise totale » (étatique, sociale, identitaire, scientifique, etc.) traversée par l’Albanie postsocialiste et la production de connaissances sur la société albanaise par l’anthropologie contemporaine, mais de l’examiner au travers de la question de la vendetta. Dominant à la fois la production du savoir et les pratiques étatiques, la vendetta a été le centre autour duquel l’interprétation de la loi coutumière et de la société albanaise a gravité pendant longtemps. La thèse de l’auteur est que les anthropologues contemporains, albanais comme étrangers, sont toujours influencés par les catégories du primitivisme juridique, créées principalement dans le cadre des études indo‑européennes. Or, l’anthropologie de la vendetta devrait toujours prendre en compte la relation entre l’État et la société, afin de saisir la signification de cette pratique et ses effets sur la culture. Car, en se projetant sur la société, l’État moderne joue le rôle d’agent principal de transformation sociale et culturelle.
Improvement of Adaptive Load Balanced Gateway Discovery Protocol in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET
Authors: Zaman Rafi U , Alam Humaira M , Khan Khaleel Ur Rahman , Reddy A. Venugopal 
Published: April 2017

<p class="0abstract">Internetworking of different types of networks is envisaged as one of the primary objectives of the future 5G networks. Integrated Internet-MANET is a heterogeneous networking architecture which is the result of interconnecting wired Internet and wireless MANET. Multiprotocol gateways are used to achieve this interconnection. There are two types of Integrated Internet-MANET architectures, two-tier and three-tier. A combination of two-tier and three tier architectures also exists, called the Hybrid Framework or Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET. Some of the most important issues common to all Integrated Internet-MANET architecture are: efficient gateway discovery, mobile node registration and gateway load balancing. Adaptive WLB-AODV is an existing protocol which addresses the issues of Gateway load balancing and efficient Gateway discovery. In this paper, an improvement is proposed to Adaptive WLB-AODV, called Adaptive Modified-WLV-AODV by taking into account route latency. The proposed protocol has been implemented in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET and has been simulated using network simulation tool ns-2. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed protocol delivers better performance than the existing protocol in terms of performance metrics end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio. The performance of the proposed protocol is further optimized using a genetic algorithm.</p>
Determination of a Key Antigen for Immunological Intervention To Target the Latent Stage of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sa Qila , Ochiai Eri , Tiwari Ashish , Mullins Jeremi , Shastri Nilabh , Mercier Corinne , Cesbron-Delauw Marie-France , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, establishes a chronic infection by forming cysts preferentially in the brain. Up to one third of the human population worldwide is estimated to be chronically infected with this parasite. However, there is currently no drug effective against the cyst form of the parasite. In addition, the protective immunity against the cysts remains largely unknown. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which the immune system detects host cells harboring the cysts to eliminate the latent stage of the parasite using mice with the H-2d haplotype, which are genetically resistant to the infection. Our study revealed that CD8+ immune T cells bearing TCR Vβ8.1, 8.2 chain have a potent activity to remove T. gondii cysts from the brain. Our studies also uncovered that H-2Ld is the major Ag-presenting molecule to CD8+ T cells for initiating cyst elimination, and that CD8+Vβ8.1, 8.2+ immune T cells recognize the N-terminal region (aa 41–152) of dense granule protein 6 (GRA6Nt) of the parasite presented by the H-2Ld molecule. Furthermore, CD8+ immune T cells induced by immunization with recombinant GRA6Nt were eventually capable of removing the cysts from the brain when transferred to infected immunodeficient mice lacking T cells. Thus, GRA6Nt is a novel and potent Ag to activate CD8+ T cells capable of removing T. gondii cysts. These observations offer a basis for immunological intervention to combat chronic infection with T. gondii by targeting the persistent cysts of the parasite.