bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cockfighting in Venezuela: Capitalist Paroxysm within a State Controlled Economy
Authors: Moncrieff Zabaleta Henry 
Published: April 2017

In 2014 in Guasipati, an agricultural and cattle town in Southeastern Venezuela, I witnessed a group of men of all generations who staged themselves through the orgasmic rite of cockfights. In Geertz's famous ethnography of cockfighting in Bali, the ‘irrationality’ of betting appears at first as surprising. But cockfighting is a game that dramatizes status and tests group solidarity, it is a measure of moral import and of meaning. This photographic record of masculinities at play in cockfighting builds on Geertz’ interpretation. The images were taken in the gallera (cockpit) of Guasipati during a clandestine night. It is here that the participating men engage in a form of capitalist communication that directly questions the Bolivarian Revolution. Many are workers within socialist enterprises, and they tremendously enjoy this illegal and transgressive activity. Within this space, the patterns of exchange become competitive and inscribed in subterranean capitalist circuits, evoking a symbolism of masculine power disputes (who is a man and who not) vis-à-vis the prohibitions of socialism. It is here that illegal enrichment that serves as a source and mark of status within the state controlled economy is effectively played out. Behind the individual and collective euphoria seen in the photographs, there are even more euphoric social tensions of betting and status at work.
Prevalência e fatores associados à neuropatia periférica em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus Prevalence and factors associated with peripheral neuropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brinati Lídia Miranda , Diogo Nádia Aparecida Soares , Moreira Tiago Ricardo , Mendonça Érica Toledo , Amaro Marilane Oliveira Fani 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da polineuropatia (PND) em indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2 assistidos no Centro de Atenção à Saúde Hiperdia, em Viçosa-MG e identificar fatores associados ao diagnóstico positivo da PND através do escore de sintomas neuropáticos e testes de sensibilidade. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal realizado de 12/2013 a 06/2014, através de fonte secundária. A prevalência da PND e sua associação com cada variável foi avaliada pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fischer. Na regressão logística utilizou-se o método de eliminação backward pelo teste de Wald. Resultados: Verificou-se a prevalência de PND: 36,89%, sendo maior em indivíduos do sexo masculino, em indivíduos com maior tempo de diagnóstico do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e ausência de sensibilidade protetora plantar (SPP). Conclusão: O estudo detectou uma alta prevalência de PND, reforçando a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce, a fim de previnir ulcerações, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos diabéticos.
Can high‐temperature, high‐heat flux hydrothermal vent fields be explained by thermal convection in the lower crust along fast‐spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridges?
Authors: Fontaine Fabrice J. , Rabinowicz M. , Cannat M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present numerical models to explore possible couplings along the axis of fast‐spreading ridges, between hydrothermal convection in the upper crust and magmatic flow in the lower crust. In an end‐member category of models corresponding to effective viscosities μM lower than 1013 Pa.s in a melt‐rich lower crustal along‐axis corridor and permeability k not exceeding ∼10−16 m2 in the upper crust, the hot, melt‐rich, gabbroic lower crust convects as a viscous fluid, with convection rolls parallel to the ridge axis. In these models, we show that the magmatic‐hydrothermal interface settles at realistic depths for fast ridges, i.e., 1–2 km below seafloor. Convection cells in both horizons are strongly coupled and kilometer‐wide hydrothermal upflows/plumes, spaced by 8–10 km, arise on top of the magmatic upflows. Such magmatic‐hydrothermal convective couplings may explain the distribution of vent fields along the East (EPR) and South‐East Pacific Rise (SEPR). The lower crustal plumes deliver melt locally at the top of the magmatic horizon possibly explaining the observed distribution of melt‐rich regions/pockets in the axial melt lenses of EPR and SEPR. Crystallization of this melt provides the necessary latent heat to sustain permanent ∼100 MW vents fields. Our models also contribute to current discussions on how the lower crust forms at fast ridges: they provide a possible mechanism for focused transport of melt‐rich crystal mushes from moho level to the axial melt lens where they further crystallize, feed eruptions, and are transported both along and off‐axis to produce the lower crust.
Strong biotic influences on regional patterns of climate regulation services
Authors: Serna‐Chavez H. M. , Swenson N. G. , Weiser M. D. , van Loon E. E. , Bouten W. , Davidson M. D. , van Bodegom P. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate regulation services from forests are an important leverage in global‐change mitigation treaties. Like most ecosystem services, climate regulation is the product of various ecological phenomena with unique spatial features. Elucidating which abiotic and biotic factors relate to spatial patterns of climate regulation services advances our understanding of what underlies climate‐mitigation potential and its variation within and across ecosystems. Here we quantify and contrast the statistical relations between climate regulation services (albedo and evapotranspiration, primary productivity, and soil carbon) and abiotic and biotic factors. We focus on 16,955 forest plots in a regional extent across the eastern United States. We find the statistical effects of forest litter and understory carbon on climate regulation services to be as strong as those of temperature‐precipitation interactions. These biotic factors likely influence climate regulation through changes in vegetation and canopy density, radiance scattering, and decomposition rates. We also find a moderate relation between leaf nitrogen traits and primary productivity at this regional scale. The statistical relation between climate regulation and temperature‐precipitation ranges, seasonality, and climatic thresholds highlights a strong feedback with global climate change. Our assessment suggests the expression of strong biotic influences on climate regulation services at a regional, temperate extent. Biotic homogenization and management practices manipulating forest structure and succession will likely strongly impact climate‐mitigation potential. The identity, strength, and direction of primary influences differed for each process involved in climate regulation. Hence, different abiotic and biotic factors are needed to monitor and quantify the full climate‐mitigation potential of temperate forest ecosystems.
Global observations of magnetospheric high‐m poloidal waves during the 22 June 2015 magnetic storm
Authors: Le G. , Chi P. J. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Slavin J. A. , Takahashi K. , Singer H. J. , Anderson B. J. , Bromund K. , Fischer D. , Kepko E. L. , Magnes W. , Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report global observations of high‐m poloidal waves during the recovery phase of the 22 June 2015 magnetic storm from a constellation of widely spaced satellites of five missions including Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), Van Allen Probes, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm (THEMIS), Cluster, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). The combined observations demonstrate the global spatial extent of storm time poloidal waves. MMS observations confirm high azimuthal wave numbers (m ~ 100). Mode identification indicates the waves are associated with the second harmonic of field line resonances. The wave frequencies exhibit a decreasing trend as L increases, distinguishing them from the single‐frequency global poloidal modes normally observed during quiet times. Detailed examination of the instantaneous frequency reveals discrete spatial structures with step‐like frequency changes along L. Each discrete L shell has a steady wave frequency and spans about 1 RE, suggesting that there exist a discrete number of drift‐bounce resonance regions across L shells during storm times.
Direct Olefination of Fluorinated QuinoxalinesviaCross‐ Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions: A New Near‐Infrared Probe for Mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Zeyuan , Zheng Yiwen , Sun Zuobang , Dai Zhen , Tang Ziqiang , Ma Jiangshan , Ma Chen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA large library of 5,8‐distyrylquinoxaline fluorophores was synthesized in good‐to‐excellent yieldsviaa palladium‐catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H cross‐coupling of electron‐deficient fluorinated quinoxalines with electron‐rich styrenes. The resulting quinoxaline fluorophores (Qu‐Fluors) exhibited tunable color emissions with the quantum yields of up to 83% and large Stokes shifts of up to 6236 cm−1in dichloromethane. The bioimaging performance of the Qu‐Fluors was shown to have potential as near‐infrared fluorescent probes for mitochondria.magnified image
Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Neutral Adaptation in Rat Auditory Cortex
Authors: HITSUYU RIE , SHIRAMATSU TOMOYO ISOGUCHI , NODA TAKAHIRO , KANZAKI RYOHEI , UNO TAKESHI , KAWAI KENSUKE , TAKAHASHI HIROKAZU 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) causes neuromodulatory effects in the cerebral cortex, which are useful not only for therapy on intractable epilepsy but also for enhancement of higher brain functions such as cognition and memory. Recently, it has been reported that VNS may also affect auditory‐evoked neutral activities. However, it remains to be elucidated how and where VNS modulates neutral activities in the auditory cortex. Here, we examined effects of VNS on adaptation of neutral activities in response to repeated stimuli in the rat auditory cortex. Both a surface and depth microelectrode array recorded auditory‐evoked potentials in response to click train and oddball stimuli. We quantified a repetition rate transfer function and common stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA) index from the amplitude of middle‐latency response (PI). Consequently, VNS affected temporal response property and increased SSA in the layer 1 and 5/6 of auditory cortex. This result suggests that VNS strengthens adaptation in the auditory cortex in a layer‐specific manner.
Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies
Authors: Steelman Zachary A. , Eldridge Will J. , Weintraub Jacob B. , Wax Adam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe refractive index (RI) of biological materials is a fundamental parameter for the optical characterization of living systems. Numerous light scattering technologies are grounded in a quantitative knowledge of the refractive index at cellular and subcellular scales. Recent work in quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has called into question the widely held assumption that the index of the cell nucleus is greater than that of the cytoplasm, a result which disagrees with much of the current literature. In this work, we critically examine the measurement of the nuclear and whole‐cell refractive index using QPM, validating that nuclear refractive index is lower than that of cytoplasm in four diverse cell lines and their corresponding isolated nuclei. We further examine Mie scattering and phase‐wrapping as potential sources of error in these measurements, finding they have minimal impact. Finally, we use simulation to examine the effects of incorrect RI assumptions on nuclear morphology measurements using angle‐resolved scattering information. Despite an erroneous assumption of the nuclear refractive index, accurate measurement of nuclear morphology was maintained, suggesting that light scattering modalities remain effective.
Preparation and Characterization of Highly Bio‐Based Epoxy Amine Thermosets Derived from Lignocellulosics
Authors: Mauck Joseph R. , Yadav Santosh K. , Sadler Joshua M. , La Scala John J. , Palmese Giuseppe R. , Schmalbach Kevin M. , Stanzione Joseph F. 
Published: April 2017

The development of chemicals from renewable sources as replacements for current toxic and unsustainable petrochemicals is an area of expanding study and interest. Phenolic epoxies derived from lignin, an underutilized resource generated as waste by the pulp and paper industry, and furanyl–amine epoxy curing agents derived from cellulosic biomass, are already proven independently to yield thermosetting resins possessing adequate thermal and thermomechanical properties. In this work, the union of the aforementioned technologies is examined to determine the properties and characteristics of such highly bio‐derived epoxy and amine thermosets. Resins with bio‐derived carbon content greater than 97% are synthesized and characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Lignin‐derived epoxy resins are found to be compatible with a cellulose‐derived furanyl diamine curing agent to produce thermosetting resins with good thermomechanical and thermogravimetric properties, rivaling the levels of properties exhibited by similar commercial petroleum‐derived systems, indicating viability for replacing petroleum‐based polymers in high‐temperature applications.image
Chemoinformatics at IFP Energies Nouvelles: Applications in the Fields of Energy, Transport, and Environment
Authors: Creton Benoit 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe objective of the present paper is to summarize chemoinformatics based research, and more precisely, the development of quantitative structure property relationships performed at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) during the last decade. A special focus is proposed on research activities performed in the “Thermodynamics and Molecular Simulation” department, i. e. the use of multiscale molecular simulation methods in responses to projects. Molecular simulation techniques can be envisaged to supplement dataset when experimental information lacks, thus the review includes a section dedicated to molecular simulation codes, development of intermolecular potentials, and some of their possible applications. Know‐how and feedback from our experiences in terms of machine learning application for thermophysical property predictions are included in a section dealing with methodological aspects. The generic character of chemoinformatics is emphasized through applications in the fields of energy, transport, and environment, with illustrations for three IFPEN business units: “Transports”, “Energy Resources”, and “Processes”. More precisely, the review focus on different challenges such as the prediction of properties for alternative fuels, the prediction of fuel compatibility with polymeric materials, the prediction of properties for surfactants usable in chemical enhanced oil recovery, and the prediction of guest‐host interactions between gases and nanoporous materials in the frame of carbon dioxide capture or gas separation activities.
Total Synthesis of Penicinoline E, Marinamide, Methyl Marinamide and their Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Naveen Badher , Ommi Naidu Babu , Mudiraj Anwita , Mallikarjuna Thippana , Babu Phanithi Prakash , Nagarajan Rajagopal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSyntheses of unusual pyrrole alkaloids Penicinoline E, Marinamide and Methyl marinamide were successfully achieved in two steps from easily accessible starting materials with excellent overall yields 70–97 %. The Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling followed by dearomatization represents the key step in the synthesis of title compounds. The structure of Penicinoline E was unequivocally confirmed by single X‐ray analysis. The antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids was evaluated and shown a good antimalarial activity against human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Against chloroquine sensitive (pf3d7), both Penicinoline E and Methyl marinamide displayed IC50 value of 1.56 μM and Marinamide displayed IC50 value of 25 μM respectively. In addition, against chloroquine resistant strain (pfDd2) of plasmodium falciparum they have also shown 4.68 μM, 2.34 μM and 25 μM respectively.
Regioselective Heterodimerization of Styrenes with Diarylethene and Vinylnaphthalene by a Catalyst System Consisting of Simple Acid and a Ketone
Authors: Fehn Sonja , Schwarz Stefan , Kempe Rhett 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSelective C−C bond formation reactions based on olefins are highly important, because olefins are an inexpensive abundantly available feedstock. The development of selective but simple inexpensive catalyst systems is similarly important, since many C−C bond formation reactions are mediated by rare and expensive metal catalysts. We report here on an inexpensive metal‐free catalyst system for the regioselective heterodimerization of olefins. The key is the combination of a simple acid and a ketone as the catalyst. In addition to the homodimerization of styrene derivatives, the regioselective heterodimerization of styrene derivatives with diphenylethene and vinylnaphthalene is demonstrated. Moreover, a mechanistic proposal for the reactions discussed here is provided. We expect that our findings will inspire others to look for metal‐free catalyst systems for selective C−C bond formation reactions.
Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Lauroyl‐Glutamyl‐Lysil‐Lauroyl‐Glutamate Vesicles
Authors: Fujii Mika , Fujisaki Tomoko , Fukuda Toshio , Wada Yuko , Shimokawa Ken‐ichi , Ishii Fumiyoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe investigate the compositions of vesicle formulation by assembling phase diagrams of the ternary components of lauroyl‐glutamyl‐lysil‐lauroyl‐glutamate (C12‐GLG‐C12) peptide‐based gemini‐type amphiphile/citric acid/water using visual and microscopic observations. To clarify interactions between C12‐GLG‐C12 and citric acid, turbidity and zeta potential of the mixtures were investigated. To improve the stability of metastable vesicles, appropriate additives were examined by measuring particle size and zeta potential, visual observation and transmission electron microscopy. The turbidity increased and the absolute value of zeta potential decreased with increasing citric acid concentration in C12‐GLG‐C12/citric acid solutions. Then, a metastable γ region having vesicles was formed. The stability of vesicles increased with increasing cholesterol concentrations. This result suggests that a coacervation has occurred due to the effective cross‐sectional area decreasing with increasing C12‐GLG‐C12 hydrophobicity, which was derived from inhibition of the carboxyl group dissociation. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the orientation of cholesterol between vesicle membranes is a contributing factor to improve the vesicle stability. From transmission electron microscopic observations, it was made clear that the vesicles consisting of cholesterol and C12‐GLG‐C12 at a molar ratio of 2:1 showed multilayered structures. The vesicles consisting of C12‐GLG‐C12, cholesterol and citric acid are expected to be used as transdermal drug delivery system carriers, as they can be easily prepared using biocompatible compounds without the use of organic solvents such as chloroform.
The New World Politics and the Law
Authors: Rogers William D. 
Published: April 2017

It is a custom of this Society to allow its President each year a few moments for his say. On occasion, this has thrown up gems for thought, such as Harold Lasswell’s essay of a year ago. Today may be a different matter. But tradition must be served.There is really nothing one could add to the patent for this organization which Professor Lasswell laid down last year. So I propose a few reflections about the broader topic of the new world politics, and what it may mean for our chosen calling, of which this Society is, of course, the central professional institution.
Remarks by Myres S. McDougal
Authors: McDougal Myres S. 
Published: April 2017

If you are wondering how an old politician from Mississippi gets himself caught in this situation, sandwiched between an introduction by Tom Farer and a major speech by Hardy Dillard, I am even more puzzled than you are.I deeply appreciate the warmth of the introduction and have been trying to think of appropriate replies to all the kind things Tom has said. As to Tom’s reference to my modesty, I recall that when Winston Churchill was told that Clement Attlee was a modest man, his retort was: “What does he have to be modest about?”
The Limits of Foreign Authority: Publicity and the Political Logic of Ambivalence in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Gilbert Andrew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article explores the ambivalent forms of authority and legitimacy articulated by the Office of the High Representative of the international community in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina. The High Representative exercised quasi-sovereign powers that placed his position at the center of two contradictions: a democratization paradox of “imposing democracy,” that is, promoting democracy through undemocratic means, and a state-building paradox of building an independent state by violating the principle of popular sovereignty. I analyze the Office's use of mass-mediated publicity to show how the High Representative sought to legitimize his actions in ways that both sustained the norms of democracy and statehood he advocated and suspended the contradictions behind how he promoted them. In doing so, he claimed that Bosnia was caught in a temporary state of exception to the normal nation-state order of things. This claim obliged him to show that he was working to end the state of exception. By focusing on one failed attempt by the OHR to orchestrate an enactment of “local ownership” that was aimed at demonstrating that Bosnia no longer required foreign supervision, this article identifies important limits to internationally instigated political transformation. It offers a view of international intervention that is more volatile, open-ended, and unpredictable than either the ordered representations of the technocratic vision or the confident assertions that critique international intervention as a form of (neo)imperial domination. It also demonstrates the analytic importance of publicity for the comparative study of international nation-building and democratization in the post-Cold War era.