bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining materials for energy conversion across scales: The alkaline oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gerschel Philipp , Angel Steven , Hammad Mohaned , Olean‐Oliveira André , Toplak Blaž , Chanda Vimanshu , Martínez‐Hincapié Ricardo , Sanden Sebastian , Khan Ali Raza , Xing Da , Amin Amin Said , Wiggers Hartmut , Hoster Harry , Čolić Viktor , Andronescu Corina , Schulz Christof , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Segets Doris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite considerable efforts to develop electrolyzers for energy conversion, progress has been hindered during the implementation stage by different catalyst development requirements in academic and industrial research. Herein, a coherent workflow for the efficient transition of electrocatalysts from basic research to application readiness for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction is proposed. To demonstrate this research approach, La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 is selected as a catalyst, and its electrocatalytic performance is compared with that of the benchmark material NiFe2O4. The La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 catalyst with the desired dispersity is successfully synthesized by scalable spray‐flame synthesis. Subsequently, inks are formulated using different binders (Nafion®, Naf; Sustainion®, Sus), and nickel substrates are spray coated, ensuring a homogeneous catalyst distribution. Extensive electrochemical evaluations, including several scale‐bridging techniques, highlight the efficiency of the La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 catalyst. Experiments using the scanning droplet cell (SDC) indicate good lateral homogeneity for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 electrodes and NiFe2O4‐Sus, while the NiFe2O4‐Naf film suffers from delamination. Among the various half‐cell techniques, SDC proves to be a valuable tool to quickly check whether a catalyst layer is suitable for full‐cell‐level testing and will be used for the fast‐tracking of catalysts in the future. Complementary compression and flow cell experiments provide valuable information on the electrodes' behavior upon exposure to chemical and mechanical stress. Finally, parameters and conditions simulating industrial settings are applied using a zero‐gap cell. Findings from various research fields across different scales obtained based on the developed coherent workflow contribute to a better understanding of the electrocatalytic system at the early stages of development and provide important insights for the evaluation of novel materials that are to be used in large‐scale industrial applications.
Outcomes of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma with concurrent steatotic liver disease
Authors: Tsai Feng‐Pai , Su Tung‐Hung , Huang Shang‐Chin , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Hsu Shih‐Jer , Liao Sih‐Han , Hong Chun‐Ming , Liu Chen‐Hua , Yang Hung‐Chih , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Jer , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSteatotic liver disease (SLD) is an emerging liver disease that has been associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The impact of concurrent SLD on the prognosis of HCC remains unknown. This study investigates how concurrent SLD affects the outcomes of patients with HCC undergoing curative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with early‐stage HCC receiving curative RFA at a tertiary medical center was conducted. Laboratory data and HCC characteristics were recorded and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazards regression model to predict recurrence and all‐cause mortality after RFA.ResultsA total of 598 patients with HCC were included between 2005 and 2015, with 139 and 459 classified in SLD and non‐SLD groups, respectively. The SLD group exhibited a significantly better liver reserve and a lower cumulative incidence of HCC recurrence and liver‐related and all‐cause mortality after a median follow‐up of 51 months. After adjusting for metabolic dysfunction, liver reserve, and HCC characteristics, the presence of SLD reduced all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.996; p = .048), which was supported by inverse probability weighting analysis (aHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42–1.00; p = .049). Poor liver functional reserve (high albumin‐bilirubin grades) increased all‐cause mortality dose dependently. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging and a higher Fibrosis‐4 index were predictors for HCC recurrence, whereas SLD was not.ConclusionsAmong patients with HCC undergoing curative RFA, those with concurrent SLD had a lower risk of all‐cause mortality compared to those with poor liver functional reserve.Plain Language Summary

The present research demonstrated that patients with both liver cancer and steatotic liver disease who received curative radiofrequency ablation for liver cancer survived longer compared to those without steatotic liver disease.
Maintaining good liver function is an important prognostic factor for survival.
Uncertainty quantification of the pressure waveform using a Windkessel model
Authors: Flores‐Gerónimo Joaquín , Keramat Alireza , Alastruey Jordi , Zhang Yuanting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Windkessel (WK) model is a simplified mathematical model used to represent the systemic arterial circulation. While the WK model is useful for studying blood flow dynamics, it suffers from inaccuracies or uncertainties that should be considered when using it to make physiological predictions. This paper aims to develop an efficient and easy‐to‐implement uncertainty quantification method based on a local gradient‐based formulation to quantify the uncertainty of the pressure waveform resulting from aleatory uncertainties of the WK parameters and flow waveform. The proposed methodology, tested against Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrates good agreement in estimating blood pressure uncertainties due to uncertain Windkessel parameters, but less agreement considering uncertain blood‐flow waveforms. To illustrate our methodology's applicability, we assessed the aortic pressure uncertainty generated by Windkessel parameters‐sets from an available in silico database representing healthy adults. The results from the proposed formulation align qualitatively with those in the database and in vivo data. Furthermore, we investigated how changes in the uncertainty of the Windkessel parameters affect the uncertainty of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures. We found that peripheral resistance uncertainty produces the most significant change in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure uncertainties. On the other hand, compliance uncertainty considerably modifies the pulse pressure standard deviation. The presented expansion‐based method is a tool for efficiently propagating the Windkessel parameters' uncertainty to the pressure waveform. The Windkessel model's clinical use depends on the reliability of the pressure in the presence of input uncertainties, which can be efficiently investigated with the proposed methodology. For instance, in wearable technology that uses sensor data and the Windkessel model to estimate systolic and diastolic blood pressures, it is important to check the confidence level in these calculations to ensure that the pressures accurately reflect the patient's cardiovascular condition.
Valorization of Protein Materials Through Mechanochemistry and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wang Lei , Solin Niclas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe concept of combining mixing of solids by milling (a type of mechanochemistry) with aqueous self‐assembly provides interesting possibilities for energy efficient production of advanced nanomaterials. Many proteins are outstanding building blocks for self‐assembly, a prominent example being the conversion of proteins into protein nanofibrils (PNFs) ‐ a structure related to amyloid fibrils. PNFs have attractive mechanical properties and have a tendency to form ordered materials. They are accordingly of interest as materials for bioplastics and potentially also for more high‐tech applications. In this concept article we highlight our effort on valorization of such proteins with hydrophobic organic compounds such an organic dyes and drug molecules, by developing scalable methodology combining mechanochemistry and self‐assembly. Compared to more established methodology, mechanochemical methodology is a valuable complement as it allows potential scalable production of hybrids between e. g. proteins and highly hydrophobic compounds ‐ a class of hybrid material that is difficult to access by other means. This may allow for development of sustainable processes for fabrication of advanced protein‐based materials derivable from renewable source materials.
Organic Solar Cells Based on Non‐Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules
Authors: Langa Fernando , de la Cruz Pilar , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of narrow bandgap A‐D‐A‐ and ADA′DA‐type non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all‐small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17–18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all‐SM‐OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all‐SM‐OSCs, and the recently developed layer‐by‐layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all‐SM‐OSCs for their commercial application.
In‐Situ Synthesized Gel Polymer Electrolyte Enable High Capacity and Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zou Yi , Zhao Wentao , Liu Shixin , Fang Hui , Gao Lvjin , Wang Yuting , Su Yinli , Chen Li , Liu Zhaolin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs) have attracted great attention due to their outstanding advantages in safety, electrochemical stability and interfacial compatibility. However, the low ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical window restrict their practical application. Herein, in‐situ polymerization electrolytes (IPEs) crosslinked by acrylonitrile (AN) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) exhibit the superior ionic conductivity of 1.77×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, the ultrahigh lithium transference number (tLi+) of 0.784 and the wider electrochemical stable window (ESW) of 5.65 V. The IPEs make the symmetrical Li||Li cells achieve the highly stable lithium stripping/plating cycling for over 3000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, IPE endows the solid‐state LiFePO4||Li batteries with an excellent long‐cycle performance over 700 cycles at 2.5 C with a capacity retention ratio over 95 %, as well as 1000 cycles at 1 C and superior capacity retention of 85 %. More importantly, the in‐situ polymerized electrolytes containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) open up a new frontier to promote the practical application of solid‐state batteries with high safety and high energy density via in‐situ solidification technology.
Regeneration of LiFePO4 from Spent Materials: Control and Influence of Al Impurity
Authors: Song Shaole , Liu Runqing , Li Jiexiang , Sun Wei , Yang Yue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOwing to the rapid increase of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, recycling and regeneration of LiFePO4 enjoys significances for sustainable development and environmental protection. In this study, an effective regeneration method for spent LiFePO4 materials and the influence of Al impurity on the electrochemical performance of regenerated LiFePO4 were studied. Firstly, 99.26 % Fe, 99.52 % P, 99.58 % Li, 59.36 % Al and 20.24 % Cu in spent LiFePO4 material were leached with 150 g ⋅ L−1 H2SO4. Subsequently, Al removal and control were achieved by simply adjusting the pH value, and FePO4 ⋅ 2H2O precursors with different Al contents were prepared. Specially, the LiFePO4 regenerated by FePO4 ⋅ 2H2O precursor containing 0.096 % Al exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with discharge capacity of 145 mAh ⋅ g−1, 140.5 mAh ⋅ g−1 and 130.9 mAh ⋅ g−1 at the current density of 1 C, 2 C and 5 C, respectively.
Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 expression in primary triple negative and oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer and in vitro signalling
Authors: van Houtum Eline JH , Valk Anne HC , Granado Daniel , Lok Jasper , van den Bogaard Lune , Remkes Naomi , van Eck van der Sluijs Jesper , Span Paul N , Cornelissen Lenneke AM , Adema Gosse J 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade can be an effective treatment for advanced breast cancer patients. However, patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors often display only low lymphocyte infiltration, while a large part of triple negative (TN) breast tumors does not generate an effective immunotherapy response. Therefore, new treatment strategies have to be developed. Here, we investigate Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 as novel ITIM‐bearing inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors similar to PD‐1, but expressed on a broader range of immune cells.MethodsWe assessed Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 (ligand) expression in TN and ER+ breast cancer tumors and their breast cancer cell line‐induced signalling.ResultsWe report that Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 are highly expressed in TN tumors, and to a low extent in ER+ tumors. Siglec‐7 was observed on myeloid cells, T cells, and NK cells and Siglec‐9 preferentially on myeloid cells. Expression of sialoglycans, including Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands, was observed in both TN and ER+ breast cancer tissue sections. Expression levels of Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands were higher on in vitro cultured TN cell lines than ER+ cell lines. Importantly, by applying chimeric Siglec‐7 reporter cells, we showed the induction of Siglec‐7 signalling by multiple TN cell lines, but only by one ER+ cell line. Moreover, Siglec‐7 signalling is directly related to Siglec‐7 ligand expression levels of breast cancer cell lines.ConclusionThese data imply that immunotherapy targeting Siglec receptors may be particularly interesting for TN breast cancer patients not responding to current treatment strategies with tumors displaying high immune cell infiltration.
Size and fluorescence calibrated imaging flow cytometry: From arbitrary to standard units
Authors: Woud Wouter W. , Pugsley Haley R. , Bettin Britta A. , Varga Zoltán , van der Pol Edwin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImaging flow cytometry (IFCM) is a technique that can detect, size, and phenotype extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high throughput (thousands/minute) in complex biofluids without prior EV isolation. However, the generated signals are expressed in arbitrary units, which hinders data interpretation and comparison of measurement results between instruments and institutes. While fluorescence calibration can be readily achieved, calibration of side scatter (SSC) signals presents an ongoing challenge for IFCM. Here, we present an approach to relate the SSC signals to particle size for IFCM, and perform a comparability study between three different IFCMs using a plasma EV test sample (PEVTES). SSC signals for different sizes of polystyrene (PS) and hollow organosilica beads (HOBs) were acquired with a 405 nm 120 mW laser without a notch filter before detection. Mie theory was applied to relate scatter signals to particle size. Fluorescence calibration was accomplished with 2 μm phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) MESF beads. Size and fluorescence calibration was performed for three IFCMs in two laboratories. CD235a‐PE and CD61‐APC stained PEVTES were used as EV‐containing samples. EV concentrations were compared between instruments within a size range of 100–1000 nm and a fluorescence intensity range of 3–10,000 MESF. 81 nm PS beads could be readily discerned from background based on their SSC signals. Fitting of the obtained PS bead SSC signals with Mie theory resulted in a coefficient of determination >0.99 between theory and data for all three IFCMs. 216 nm HOBs were detected with all instruments, and confirmed the sensitivity to detect EVs by SSC. The lower limit of detection regarding EV‐size for this study was determined to be ~100 nm for all instruments. Size and fluorescence calibration of IFCM data increased cross‐instrument data comparability with the coefficient of variation decreasing from 33% to 21%. Here we demonstrate – for the first time – scatter calibration of an IFCM using the 405 nm laser. The quality of the scatter‐to‐diameter relation and scatter sensitivity of the IFCMs are similar to the most sensitive commercially available flow cytometers. This development will support the reliability of EV research with IFCM by providing robust standardization and reproducibility, which are pre‐requisites for understanding the biological significance of EVs.
Tricholoma matsutake heptapeptide prevents gastric mucosa injury by regulating oxidative stress‐related mitochondrial function and mucous layer integrity
Authors: Lv Renzhi , Lu Zhiqiang , Zheng Zhihong , Bao Zhijie , Lin Songyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShort‐term excessive alcohol consumption easily leads to ethanolic gastric injury. Recent research on bioactive functional factors in preventing and treating ethanol‐induced acute gastric injury has garnered attention. This study explored the direct protective effects of the Tricholoma matsutake‐derived peptide Ser–Ala–Pro–Trp–Gly–Leu–Ala (SAPWGLA) on ethanol‐induced acute gastric damage. The results showed that SAPWGLA showed dose‐dependent protection against gastric mucosal injury, including the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, as well as the enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity. SAPWGLA maintained normal mitochondrial metabolism by alleviating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; 400 mg/mL SAPWGLA reduced ROS levels by 81.72 ± 1.55% and reversed the decrease of MMP by ethanol to 1.22 ± 0.01 (J‐aggregates/monomer) in GES‐1 cells. Also, SAPWGLA enhanced the tight junctions between GES‐1 cells. In addition, SAPWGLA improved the integrity of the mucosal barrier by maintaining the balance of the mucus layer and regulating the expression of TJ proteins. Daily oral administration of SAPWGLA (50 mg/kg) exhibited a restoration in hexosamine to 10.76 ± 0.73 mg/g prot, a regulation in claudin‐1, occludin, and ZO‐1 (1.21‐, 1.39‐, and 0.73‐fold of the control group). These findings suggest that SAPWGLA can be a potential novel therapeutic approach to dealing with acute gastric injury caused by ethanol.
Key actors in neuropathophysiology: The role of γδ T cells
Authors: Bulgur Deniz , Moura Raquel Macedo , Ribot Julie C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe neuroimmune axis has been the focus of many studies, with special emphasis on the interactions between the central nervous system and the different immune cell subsets. T cells are namely recognized to play a critical role due to their interaction with nerves, by secreting cytokines and neurotrophins, which regulate the development, function, and survival of neurons. In this context, γδ T cells are particularly relevant, as they colonize specific tissues, namely the meninges, and have a wide variety of complex functions that balance physiological systems. Notably, γδ T cells are not only key components for maintaining brain homeostasis but are also responsible for triggering or preventing inflammatory responses in various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases as well as neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art on the contribution of γδ T cells in neuropathophysiology and delve into the molecular mechanisms behind it. We aim to shed light on γδ T cell functions in the central nervous system while highlighting upcoming challenges in the field and providing new clues for potential therapeutic strategies.
Next‐Generation Time‐Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Direct Visualizing Mechanisms in Radical Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Shengqi , Zhang Shixue , Guo Xingwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadical chemistry is an important research field that plays a vital role in life science, material science, and energy conversions. However, directly visualizing the transient open‐shell intermediates unambiguously in radical chemistry is a significant and long‐standing challenge. Recently, we have developed an innovative ultrawide single‐sideband phase‐sensitive detection (U‐PSD) time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) technique, which enables the characterization of diverse transient radical intermediates and mechanistic studies close to reaction conditions. In this brief review, we will offer an outline of the principles underlying our U‐PSD TREPR technique, and present examples highlighting the technique's ability to accurately characterize and track free radical intermediates in photocatalytic reactions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Spiroindolines via Intramolecular 1,2‐Acyloxy Migration‐Cyclization Cascade
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Zhuoya , Yu Mingming , Xu Ze‐Feng , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, a novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines is realized through a 1,2‐acyloxy migration‐cyclization cascade starting from ester‐tethered 1,2,3‐triazoles. [6,5,5,6] and [6,5,6,6] ring skeleton are constructed in moderate to excellent yields.
Drivers to seismic hazard curve slope
Authors: Cito Pasquale , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe slope of a linear approximation of a probabilistic seismic hazard curve, when it is represented in the log‐log scale, is a key parameter for seismic risk assessment based on closed‐form solutions, and other applications. On the other hand, it is observed that different hazard models can provide, at the same site, comparable ground shaking, yet appreciably different slopes for the same exceedance return period. Moreover, the slope at a given return period can increase or decrease from low‐ to high‐hazardous sites, depending on the models the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is based on. In the study, the sensitivity of the slope to the main model components involved in PSHA was explored, that is: the earthquake rate, the magnitude and source‐to‐site distance distributions, and the value of the residual of ground motion models (GMM). With reference to a generic site, affected by an ideal seismic source zone, where magnitude follows the Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) relationship, it was found that the local slope of hazard curve increases with the following factors in descending order of importance: (i) increasing distance from the source; (ii) decreasing maximum magnitude and increasing ‐value of the G‐R model; (iii) increasing rate of earthquakes of interest; (iv) increasing residual of the GMM. These results help explain the systematic differences in hazard curve slopes found in three authoritative hazard models for Italy, and the related impact on simplified risk assessment.