bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In ovo administration of CpG ODN induces expression of immune response genes in neonatal chicken spleen
Authors: Sajewicz-Krukowska Joanna , Olszewska-Tomczyk Monika , Domańska-Blicharz Katarzyna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Introduction: Due to their immunostimulatory properties TLR ligands are used prophylactically to protect against a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens in mammals. Knowledge of the molecular and functional aspects of TLRs is essential for a better understanding of the immune system and resistance to diseases in birds. For that reason, this study attempted to determine the impact of TLR21 stimulation by its synthetic ligand (CpG ODN, class B) on the chicken immune system.

Material and Methods: Sixty embryonated chicken eggs were randomly allocated into three groups (control and two experimental groups). On day 18 of embryonic development, chickens in one experimental group were administered in ovo a low dose of CpG ODN and the birds of the second experimental group were given a high dose of the ligand. Spleens were collected at 1, 2, 5, and 10 days post-hatching (dph) for analysis of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 expression using qRT-PCR.

Results: Significant differences were observed in mRNA expression levels of all the measured cytokines associated with the modulation and regulation of the immune response at different time points.

Conclusion: The obtained data clearly demonstrate that immune response induction takes place after in ovo administration of class B CpG ODN, and that the ligand has the ability to induce cytokine responses in neonatal chicken spleen.
Evaluation of Translation through the Proposal of Error Typology: An Explanatory Attempt
Authors: Akbari Alireza , Segers Winibert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the area of translation studies, the real concern of all translators is to produce an acceptable practical translation. With this in mind, one of the critical issues is to pinpoint a good translation through translation evaluation and the types of the errors in which the translator might encounter during translation. Various methods of evaluation such as holistic method, analytic method, calibrated dichotomous items (CDI) and finally preselected items evaluation (PIE) method (Kockaert and Segers 2017), along with various approaches which have been mentioned can be applied for all kinds of translation. To do this, the research is framed to illustrate a proposed framework of error typology to evaluate translation from English into Persian in a university setting. The proposed error typology involves four interconnected parts as the source of errors, error types, error consequences, and lastly error significance, which all consist of some sub-categories. This research paper is an undergoing project with the aim of applying the mentioned framework to more data to see its efficacy.
TecCOMFrame: Building bridges between technical communication and translation studies through a prototype specialisation curriculum
Authors: Cleary Yvonne , Engberg Jan , Karreman Joyce , Meex Birgitta , Closs Sissi , Drazek Zygmunt , Ghenghea Voichita , Minacori Patricia , Müller Julia , Straub Daniela 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Technical communication is a new field of work compared to other professions, and therefore it does not have a standardised curriculum. In Europe, many technical communicators do not have qualifications in the area. TecCOMFrame, a project funded by the European Union, aims to develop an academic competence framework and higher education prototype curricula at various levels that correspond to the European Framework of Qualifications. The project team has developed the competence framework, comprising six dimensions and 22 subjects. The team is currently developing prototype curricula, including one curriculum which is a focus of this paper, a specialisation stream in technical communication in a Master’s in Translation Studies.
Le profil du traducteur apprenti dans le climat cyberinformatique: formation – formateur – formé
Authors: Garbovskiy Nikolay , Kostikova Olga 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The article deals with the most common issues of translation didactics as a special branch of pedagogy that studies the process of forming a personality that will have special competencies, mental capacities and realize the uniqueness of their social status. The author shows that translation didactics is in high demand in the field of pedagogical studies today. The mass training of translators is indeed getting indispensable to the society in the changing world on the brink of a technological revolution that could alter the way we live, work and communicate.
Des Translators neue Kleider. Die Translationwirtschaft in Zeiten von Digitalisierung, Datafizierung und Big Data Management
Authors: Forstner Martin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Internet of things will influence all professional environments, including translation services. Advances in machine learning, supported by accelerating improvements in computer linguistics, have enabled new systems that can learn from their own experience and will have repercussions on the workflow processes of translators or even put their services at risk in the expected digitalized society. Outsourcing has become a common practice and working in the cloud and in the crowd tend to enable translating on a very low-cost level. Confronted with promising new labels like Industry 4.0 and Work 4.0, professional freelance translators will have to organize themselves as smart offices by integrating digitalization and datafication and Big Data Management. Most probably, those developments will change translation training and services in the professional world of translation industry.
Twiplomacy: the meaning of social media to public diplomacy and foreign policy of Lithuania
Authors: Dumčiuvienė Aušra 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Importance of public diplomacy for states foreign policy implementation and image formation continued to grow over past few decades. New communication technologies provided new means for more successful public diplomacy implementation. The aim of this article is to examine the role of twiplomacy in states foreign policy implementation. Twiplomacy is quite new phenomenon, but its significance is undeniable. A lot of states leaders, governmental institutions, diplomatic missions and diplomats have accounts in Twitter and use it for promoting foreign policy goals and developing positive image of state. Social networks are used to implement states’ public diplomacy, because they provide opportunity to reach mainstream audiences, to develop dialogue amongst politicians and wider audiences and influence people opinion on important issues.
Esophageal xanthoma: presence of M2 macrophages suggests association with late inflammatory and reparative processes
Authors: Uehara Karina , Iwashita Hidehiko , Tanabe Yasuka , Kurima Kiyoto , Oshiro Mariko , Kina Shinichiro , Ota Atsuko , Iwashita Akinori , Kinjo Takao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Esophageal xanthoma is a rare lesion which is an asymptomatic small yellowish polyp, and most of the reported cases were solitary lesion. Histologically, aggregations of foam cells are found under the papillary hypertrophic squamous epithelium and the foam cells express CD68. The etiology of esophageal xanthoma is unknown. The focal irritation of the esophageal mucosa and infiltrated inflammatory cells are presumed to contribute to its pathogenesis. Although the pathogenesis may be associated with inflammation, the type and nature of the macrophages remain unclear. Here we report a 46-year-old male with esophageal xanthoma, which was incidentally found by endoscopy. Histologically, acute inflammation was not noted, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the foam cells seen in this case of esophageal xanthoma expressed increased levels of M2 macrophage markers. These findings suggest that esophageal xanthoma is associated with late inflammatory and reparative processes long after the initial inflammation of esophageal squamous epithelium.
Parental Aspirations and Investments in the Educational Achievements of African Immigrant Students
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex , Tsevi Linda , Addai-Mununkum Richardson 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Situated in social capital theory, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to investigate the relationship between African-born immigrant parents’ educational level, income status, family structures, and academic performance of their children in the United States (U.S.). To that end, 205 African-born immigrant parents from a metropolitan city in the U.S. were surveyed using the modified Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Questionnaire. The participants’ (N= 205) responses to the questionnaires were analyzed using Chi-square tests and the participants’ (n = 45) interview responses were analyzed using ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis software. Findings from the quantitative data showed relationships between parents’ income, educational level, family structures and academic performance of their children. Interview findings revealed that hard work and resilience to succeed, parental expectations and academic goals, parental support and investment in education, parental involvement, parent-teacher interactions, and parental educational experiences influenced parents to support their children’s education. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for teachers who are tasked to render better educational settings for African immigrant students to succeed in United States schools.
Assessment of foot function in patients with pes planus deformity treated with the authors’ own exercise programme – a preliminary report
Authors: Gołąb Agnieszka , Nowak Sebastian , Szczygieł Elżbieta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Foot pain is highly prevalent among persons of all ages. Despite a common belief that it is necessary to perform exercises, there is a scarcity of data regarding their effectiveness. This study sought to assess the effects of a training programme on an improvement in foot function and a reduction in pain.
Material and methods: The study group consisted of 15 females with foot pain and flat foot who performed a daily set of 5 exercises for 6 weeks. The Foot Posture Index, a pedobarographic platform postural examination, functional tests (a unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed as well as a bipedal calf raise test) and the Polish translation of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were employed to assess the results. These assessment tools were used before and after the intervention.
Results: Pedobarographic examinations showed an increase in total support surface as well as a decrease in maximum and average plantar pressures and pressures in particular areas of both feet. The FAOS revealed a reduction in pain and an improvement in the remaining aspects under examination in the majority of participants. No significant differences in the results of functional tests were noted.
Conclusions: The exercise programme implemented in the study produces positive outcomes in terms of changes in plantar pressure distribution and leads to a significant reduction in foot pain.
Comparing the effectiveness of myofascial techniques with massage in persons with upper crossed syndrome (preliminary report)
Authors: Łukasik Edyta , Targosiński Paweł , Szymański Michał , Letkiewicz-Ryłów Olga , Styczeń Piotr , Wychowański Michał 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Upper crossed syndrome is a postural syndrome, with myofascial and functional imbalance within the shoulder girdle and the cervical spine. The therapy usually includes myofascial techniques or massage. The aim of this work was to indicate which of these forms of therapy is more effective in terms of myofascial release.
Material and methods: The study group consisted of 18 individuals (12 females and 6 males) with upper crossed syndrome who were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. In group 1 (8 females, 1 male), rehabilitation protocol involved myofascial techniques, while in group 2 (4 females, 5 males), massage was performed. In both groups, the therapy consisted of five 30-minute daily sessions. Prior to the therapy, on the 1st and the 5th day of the therapy immediately after the intervention as well as 14 days after the therapy completion, suprasternale height was measured and the cervical spine mobility was examined.
Results: It was revealed that both forms of the therapy resulted in an increase in the range of motion of the cervical spine, particularly in the case of the right flexion and right rotation. Effects were still present two weeks after the therapy. After 5 days of rehabilitation, both forms of the therapy led to a significant increase in suprasternale height (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Both myofascial techniques and massage result in an increase in the cervical spine and chest mobility in the longitudinal dimension in persons with upper crossed syndrome.
A Systems-Based Approach to Injury Prevention for the Strength and Conditioning Coach
Authors: Howe Louis P. , Waldron Mark , Read Paul 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
PARTICIPATION IN SPORT EXPOSES ATHLETES TO AN INHERENT RISK OF INJURY. TO DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM, STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES MUST CONDUCT A THOROUGH NEEDS ANALYSIS TO ESTABLISH THE RISK OF INJURY, IDENTIFY MECHANISMS AND RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY, SELECT RELEVANT SCREENING TESTS, AND DESIGN TARGETED INTERVENTIONS BASED ON THE ATHLETE'S RESULTS. USING A SYSTEMS-BASED APPROACH PRESENTED HEREIN, THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROCESS THAT COACHES MUST UNDERTAKE TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS.
Serotonin Decreases the Gain of Visual Responses in Awake Macaque V1
Authors: Seillier Lenka , Lorenz Corinna , Kawaguchi Katsuhisa , Ott Torben , Nieder Andreas , Pourriahi Paria , Nienborg Hendrikje 
Published: October 2017

Serotonin, an important neuromodulator in the brain, is implicated in affective and cognitive functions. However, its role even for basic cortical processes is controversial. For example, in the mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), heterogenous serotonergic modulation has been observed in anesthetized animals. Here, we combined extracellular single-unit recordings with iontophoresis in awake animals. We examined the role of serotonin on well-defined tuning properties (orientation, spatial frequency, contrast, and size) in V1 of two male macaque monkeys. We find that in the awake macaque the modulatory effect of serotonin is surprisingly uniform: it causes a mainly multiplicative decrease of the visual responses and a slight increase in the stimulus-selective response latency. Moreover, serotonin neither systematically changes the selectivity or variability of the response, nor the interneuronal correlation unexplained by the stimulus (“noise-correlation”). The modulation by serotonin has qualitative similarities with that for a decrease in stimulus contrast, but differs quantitatively from decreasing contrast. It can be captured by a simple additive change to a threshold-linear spiking nonlinearity. Together, our results show that serotonin is well suited to control the response gain of neurons in V1 depending on the animal's behavioral or motivational context, complementing other known state-dependent gain-control mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSerotonin is an important neuromodulator in the brain and a major target for drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, surprisingly little is known about how it shapes information processing in sensory areas. Here we examined the serotonergic modulation of visual processing in the primary visual cortex of awake behaving macaque monkeys. We found that serotonin mainly decreased the gain of the visual responses, without systematically changing their selectivity, variability, or covariability. This identifies a simple computational function of serotonin for state-dependent sensory processing, depending on the animal's affective or motivational state.
Diseño de una guía metodológica para la implementación del sistema integral de gestión y control de la Gobernación de Cundinamarca
Authors: López Cabrera Claudia Patricia , Velásquez Ortíz Víctor Hugo 
Published: October 2017

<p>La investigación está dirigida a diseñar una guía metodológica para la implementación del sistema integral de gestión y control de la Gobernación de<br />Cundinamarca, certificada en NTC-ISO 9001:2008 y NTC-GP 1000:2009 y busca dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿Con qué metodología se puede lograr la implementación de los sistemas de gestión en la Gobernación de Cundinamarca? La investigación, de diseño mixto de triangulación concurrente fundamentada en Karapetrovic y Willborn (1998) y Rocha y Karapetrovic (2008) evaluó el sistema existente, la percepción del cliente interno, identificó metodologías utilizadas en otras entidades y correlacionó guías metodológicas aplicando encuestas y entrevistas. Se encuentran la necesidad de articular el sistema integrado de gestión con el Plan Departamental de Desarrollo, así como una relación inversamente proporcional entre conocimiento/apropiación y la percepción. La guía elaborada conjuga la teoría del Círculo de Oro de Simón Sinek, el PHVA y la estructura de alto nivel, orientando la implementación en forma sencilla, clara, de fácil lectura, acompañándola de un anexo lúdico.</p>
A Horizontally Transferred Autonomous Helitron Became a Full Polydnavirus Segment in Cotesia vestalis
Authors: Heringer Pedro , Dias Guilherme B , Kuhn Gustavo C S 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Bracoviruses associate symbiotically with thousands of parasitoid wasp species in the family Braconidae, working as virulence gene vectors, and allowing the development of wasp larvae within hosts. These viruses are composed of multiple DNA circles that are packaged into infective particles, and injected together with wasp’s eggs during parasitization. One of the viral segments of Cotesia vestalis bracovirus contains a gene that has been previously described as a helicase of unknown origin. Here, we demonstrate that this gene is a Rep/Helicase from an intact Helitron transposable element that covers the viral segment almost entirely. We also provide evidence that this element underwent at least two horizontal transfers, which appear to have occurred consecutively: first from a Drosophila host ancestor to the genome of the parasitoid wasp C. vestalis and its bracovirus, and then from C. vestalis to a lepidopteran host (Bombyx mori). Our results reinforce the idea of parasitoid wasps as frequent agents of horizontal transfers in eukaryotes. Additionally, this Helitron-bracovirus segment is the first example of a transposable element that effectively became a whole viral circle.
„Graikijos Vėjas“ by Algirdas Landsbergis: Features of the Narrative and Intertext of the Myth
Authors: Adomavičienė Laimutė 
Published: October 2017

The article analyses novella “Graikijos Vėjas” (1956) of the exile prose writer, playwright, literary and theatre critic Algirdas Landsbergis (1924–2004) by applying the narratological analysis and the theory of transtextuality. The article is based on Gérard Genette’s classical narratology and the theory of transtextuality and Irina Melnikova’s theory of intermediality. It is an innovative approach since it has not been applied for the selected text so far. The analysis of novella’s narrative, space and time (order, duration, frequency) and narrative mode has shown that there exists the relation between time and space in the text. Temporal succession of events (one extended day) is described by providing the story of earlier events in a chronological order. The narrative is twofold: on the one hand, it consists of the fixed internal focalisation, on the other hand of zero focalisation.The analysis of transtextual relation between the own and others’ texts has revealed the significance of the context of the Greek culture. The writer uses the heritage of European mythology creatively: he transforms the classical myth of Theseus by ironizing the plot, reminding the love story of Theseus and making a parody of heroes’ former features (strength, bravery, noble ambitions and actions).
“A Long Interior Journey” of Kate Brown as Border Crossing: Gender, Age, and Class in Doris Lessing’s “The Summer Before the Dark”
Authors: Miroshnychenko Lilia 
Published: October 2017

The essay collection Doris Lessing: Border Crossings (2009), claims the writer’s persistent impulse to cross borders of all kinds – gender, maternity, class, ideology, geography, etc., and explores the impact it has on Lessing’s novels and autobiography. It therefore offers a new critical and theoretical approach that revises a traditional methodological paradigm of Lessing studies. This article extends the field of exploration by examining the transgressions of borders in the author’s novel of 1973 The Summer Before the Dark. Despite the extensive scholarship on the writer over the last years this novel remains among those which are less explored. However, it is relevant to the new theoretical scheme suggested by the authors of the volume. A central protagonist, Kate Brown, breaks restrictive gender and age codes as she is moving into “the darkness” of her new life order. The controversy of this move is announced in the title of the novel but towards its end the text suggests a transformation that enables the heroine to revise her agency inside and outside the domestic space, at the same time, through a set of narrative techniques and imagery, it problematises such a change.
Structure of Metacommunicative Comment and Folk Conceptions of Communication (based on Russian- and Belarusian-language internet forums of Belarus)
Authors: Bobko Tatyana 
Published: October 2017

The article discusses the factors of speaker’s choice of additional metacommunication moves in non-institutional internet communication. The study is based on Russian- and Belarusian-language internet forums of Belarus, which allows to observe directly the metacommunicative reflection of speakers. The research has a comparative aspect and focuses on similarities and differences in verbalised metacommunication conceptions of Russian and Belarusian-speaking Belarusians, caused by the attitude to the language of communication: the language situation of Belarus, in which formally equilateral languages have in fact unequal conditions of functioning, actualises the symbolic use of the Belarusian language. It has been established that the choice of additional metacommunication moves with a particular function in Russian and Belarusian-speaking internet communication is determined by such factors as speakers’ representations about the communication norms and focus on certain communication aspects; for the Belarusian-language internet dialogue a special relation to the language, conditioned by its ethno-consolidating and symbolic functions, becomes relevant.