bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 34 Upregulation Contributes to the Increment of MicroRNA 21 Expression through STAT3 Activation Associated with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yang Sisi , Jiang Shujun , Wang Yu , Tu Shenghao , Wang Zhigang , Chen Zhe 
Published: April 2016

Objective.Interleukin 34 (IL-34) and microRNA 21 (miR-21) were found to be involved in the pathological process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the details were unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between IL-34 and miR-21 in RA.Methods.IL-34 concentrations in serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA were measured by ELISA. Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) were cultured for evaluation of STAT3 activation, miR-21, and Bax/Bcl-2 expression by Western blot and real-time PCR. Correlations were analyzed between clinical features and detectable variables including SF IL-34 levels and miR-21 expression.Results.SF IL-34 levels were significantly higher in patients with RA who had a high 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28 ≥ 3.2) than in those with a lower DAS28 (DAS28 < 3.2). DAS28 scores and miR-21 expression in FLS had a significant positive correlation with the SF IL-34 levels. In addition, IL-34 stimulation strengthened the activation of p-STAT3, resulting in the increment of miR-21 expression. Inhibiting of miR-21 expression contributed to decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, suggesting that miR-21 was involved in the resistance to apoptosis. With the blocking of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), decreased protein expressions including CSF1R, p-STAT3/STAT3, and Bcl-2/Bax were shown, suggesting that CSF1R participated in the biological functions of IL-34 in RA.Conclusion.The IL-34/STAT3/miR-21 pathway is crucial for the survival of synovial fibroblasts in RA, which might be candidate therapeutic targets for RA treatment.
Incidence and Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Health Management Organization in Argentina: A 15-year Study
Authors: Di Wai Tan , Vergara Facundo , Bertiller Emmanuel , Gallardo Maria de los Angeles , Gandino Ignacio , Scolnik Marina , Martinez Maximiliano J. , Schpilberg Mónica G. , Rosa Javier , Soriano Enrique R. 
Published: April 2016

Objective.To estimate incidence and prevalence rates of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the city of Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina, using data from a university hospital–based health management organization.Methods.Global, age-specific, and sex-specific incidence and prevalence rates were calculated for members of the Hospital Italiano Medical Care Program (HIMCP), age ≥ 18 years. Incidence study followed members with continuous affiliation ≥ 1 year from January 2000 to January 2015 until he/she voluntarily left the HIMCP, RA was diagnosed, death, or study finalization. Cases from the Rheumatology Section database, electronic medical records, laboratory database, and pharmacy database were filtered with the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Prevalence was calculated on January 1, 2015, and standardized for CABA. Capture-recapture (C-RC) analysis estimated true population sizes.Results.In the study period, incidence rates (cases per 100,000 person-yrs) were 18.5 (95% CI 16.7–20.4) overall, 25.2 (95% CI 22.4–28.0) for women, and 8.8 (95% CI 6.8–10.8) for men. Prevalence rates (percentage of RA cases in the sample population) were 0.329 (95% CI 0.298–0.359) overall, 0.464 (95% CI 0.417–0.510) for women, and 0.123 (95% CI 0.093–0.152) for men. Standardized CABA prevalence rate was 0.300 (95% CI 0.292–0.307). C-RC adjusted rates were almost the same as unadjusted rates.Conclusion.This study’s incidence and prevalence rates are in the lower range of the rates found around the world. Our female to male prevalence ratio was 4:1. Our peak incidence age was in the sixth and seventh decades for both sexes.
Chansons de France, chansons de l’immigration maghrébine
Authors: Gaulier Armelle 
Published: April 2016

En France, l’élection présidentielle de 2007 est remportée par Nicolas Sarkozy. Sa campagne avait pour thème principal l’identité nationale, utilisé pour aborder la « problématique » de l’immigration. Les chanteurs Mouss et Hakim (Zebda, Motivés) sortent, en octobre de la même année, un album intitulé Origines contrôlées , reprenant le répertoire de la chanson maghrébine de l’exil. Écrites entre la France et l’Algérie, dans l’immédiat après-guerre et jusqu’en 1980, ces chansons, composées par des immigrés maghrébins, sont de véritables chroniques de leur difficile vie quotidienne. Cet article interroge la revendication de cet héritage culturel de l’immigration dans le contexte politique particulier de l’élection de 2007. Autrement dit, en quoi la musique peut-elle faire mémoire ?
Des artistes engagés au Burkina Faso
Authors: Cuomo Anna 
Published: April 2016

L’article aborde différentes circulations de rappeurs burkinabé au sein de mondes culturels et militants, locaux comme globaux. Il cherche à comprendre de quelle manière la catégorie d’« artiste engagé » peut constituer à la fois une ouverture vers d’autres réseaux, mais aussi une forme d’enfermement conduisant ces artistes à la contourner pour s’en émanciper. Les artistes contemporains étudiés mettent en place différentes stratégies de contournement au sein de leur carrière musicale, laissant entrevoir des appartenances sociales multiples allant d’une certaine élite économique et culturelle à des milieux plus populaires. Ces ruptures correspondent à une volonté de s’extraire d’un milieu dans lequel ils ont été catégorisés, et une ambition d’avancer vers une reconnaissance plus large.
Craniosynostosis: current conceptions and misconceptions
Authors: Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz , Finnell Richard H. , George Timothy M. , Harshbarger Raymond J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCranial bones articulate in areas called sutures that must remain patent until skull growth is complete. Craniosynostosis is the condition that results from premature closure of one or more of the cranial vault sutures, generating facial deformities and more importantly, skull growth restrictions with the ability to severely affect brain growth. Typically, craniosynostosis can be expressed as an isolated event, or as part of syndromic phenotypes. Multiple signaling mechanisms interact during developmental stages to ensure proper and timely suture fusion. Clinical outcome is often a product of craniosynostosis subtypes, number of affected sutures and timing of premature suture fusion. The present work aimed to review the different aspects involved in the establishment of craniosynostosis, providing a close view of the cellular, molecular and genetic background of these malformations.
HLA-G expression and role in advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Caocci G. , Greco M. , Fanni D. , Senes G. , Littera R. , Lai S. , Risso P. , Carcassi C. , Faa G. , La Nasa G. 
Published: April 2016

Non-classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G class I molecules have an important role in tumor immune escape mechanisms. We investigated HLA-G expression in lymphonode biopsies taken from 8 controls and 20 patients with advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), in relationship to clinical outcomes and the HLA-G 14-basepair (14-bp) deletion-insertion (del-ins) polymorphism. Lymphnode tissue sections were stained using a specific murine monoclonal HLA-G antibody. HLA-G protein expression was higher in cHL patients than controls. In the group ofÂ PET-2 positive (positron emission tomography carried out after 2 cycles of standard chemotherapy) patients with a 2-year progression-free survival rate (PFS) of 40%, we observed high HLA-G protein expression withinÂ the tumorÂ microenvironmentÂ with low expression on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Conversely, PET-2 negative patients with a PFS of 86% had higher HLA-G protein expression levels on HRS cells compared to the microenvironment. Lower expression on HRS cells was significantly associated with the HLA-G 14-bp ins/ins genotype. These preliminary data suggestÂ that the immunohistochemical pattern of HLA-G protein expression may represent a useful tool for a tailored therapy in patients with cHL, based on the modulation of HLA-G expression in relation to achievement of negative PET-2.These preliminary data suggestÂ that the immunohistochemical pattern of HLA-G protein expression may represent a useful tool for a tailored therapy in patients with cHL, based on the modulation of HLA-G expression in relation to achievement of negative PET-2.
Testing Bi-orderability of Knot Groups
Authors: Clay Adam , Desmarais Colin , Naylor Patrick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe investigate the bi-orderability of two-bridge knot groups and the groups of knots with 12 or fewer crossings by applying recent theorems of Chiswell, Glass and Wilson. Amongst all knots with 12 or fewer crossings (of which there are 2977), previous theorems were only able to determine bi-orderability of 499 of the corresponding knot groups. With our methods we are able to deal with 191 more.
The potential of clear-sky carbon dioxide satellite retrievals
Authors: Nelson Robert R. , O'Dell Christopher W. , Taylor Thomas E. , Mandrake Lukas , Smyth Mike 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Since the launch of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) in 2009, retrieval algorithms designed to infer the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from hyperspectral near-infrared observations of reflected sunlight have been greatly improved. They now generally include the scattering effects of clouds and aerosols, as early work found that absorption-only retrievals, which neglected these effects, often incurred unacceptably large errors, even for scenes with optically thin cloud or aerosol layers. However, these “full-physics” retrievals tend to be computationally expensive and may incur biases from trying to deduce the properties of clouds and aerosols when there are none present. Additionally, algorithms are now available that can quickly and effectively identify and remove most scenes in which cloud or aerosol scattering plays a significant role. In this work, we test the hypothesis that non-scattering, or “clear-sky”, retrievals may perform as well as full-physics retrievals for sufficiently clear scenes. Clear-sky retrievals could potentially avoid errors and biases brought about by trying to infer properties of clouds and aerosols when none are present. Clear-sky retrievals are also desirable because they are orders of magnitude faster than full-physics retrievals. Here we use a simplified version of the Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) XCO2 retrieval algorithm that does not include the scattering and absorption effects of clouds or aerosols. It was found that for simulated Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) measurements, the clear-sky retrieval had errors comparable to those of the full-physics retrieval. For real GOSAT data, the clear-sky retrieval had errors 0–20 % larger than the full-physics retrieval over land and errors roughly 20–35 % larger over ocean, depending on filtration level. In general, the clear-sky retrieval had XCO2 root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of less than 2.0 ppm, relative to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements and a suite of CO2 models, when adequately filtered through the use of a custom genetic algorithm filtering system. These results imply that non-scattering XCO2 retrievals are potentially more useful than previous literature suggests, as the filtering methods we employ are able to remove measurements in which scattering can cause significant errors. Additionally, the computational benefits of non-scattering retrievals means they may be useful for certain applications that require large amounts of data but have less stringent error requirements.
The biogeophysical climatic impacts of anthropogenic land use change during the Holocene
Authors: Smith M. Clare , Singarayer Joy S. , Valdes Paul J. , Kaplan Jed O. , Branch Nicholas P. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The first agricultural societies were established around 10 ka BP and had spread across much of Europe and southern Asia by 5.5 ka BP with resultant anthropogenic deforestation for crop and pasture land. Various studies (e.g. Joos et al., 2004; Kaplan et al., 2011; Mitchell et al., 2013) have attempted to assess the biogeochemical implications for Holocene climate in terms of increased carbon dioxide and methane emissions. However, less work has been done to examine the biogeophysical impacts of this early land use change. In this study, global climate model simulations with Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3) were used to examine the biogeophysical effects of Holocene land cover change on climate, both globally and regionally, from the early Holocene (8 ka BP) to the early industrial era (1850 CE). Two experiments were performed with alternative descriptions of past vegetation: (i) one in which potential natural vegetation was simulated by Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics (TRIFFID) but without land use changes and (ii) one where the anthropogenic land use model Kaplan and Krumhardt 2010 (KK10; Kaplan et al., 2009, 2011) was used to set the HadCM3 crop regions. Snapshot simulations were run at 1000-year intervals to examine when the first signature of anthropogenic climate change can be detected both regionally, in the areas of land use change, and globally. Results from our model simulations indicate that in regions of early land disturbance such as Europe and south-east Asia detectable temperature changes, outside the normal range of variability, are encountered in the model as early as 7 ka BP in the June–July–August (JJA) season and throughout the entire annual cycle by 2–3 ka BP. Areas outside the regions of land disturbance are also affected, with virtually the whole globe experiencing significant temperature changes (predominantly cooling) by the early industrial period. The global annual mean temperature anomalies found in our single model simulations were −0.22 at 1850 CE, −0.11 at 2 ka BP, and −0.03 °C at 7 ka BP. Regionally, the largest temperature changes were in Europe with anomalies of −0.83 at 1850 CE, −0.58 at 2 ka BP, and −0.24 °C at 7 ka BP. Large-scale precipitation features such as the Indian monsoon, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and the North Atlantic storm track are also impacted by local land use and remote teleconnections. We investigated how advection by surface winds, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies, and tropospheric stationary wave train disturbances in the mid- to high latitudes led to remote teleconnections.
Sequential versus Concomitant Surgery of Glaucoma Drainage Implant and Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Authors: Patel Varun , Moster Marlene R. , Kishfy Louis , Barkan Julian , Zhan Tingting , Raber Irving M. , Ayres Brandon D. , Pro Michael J. , Waisbourd Michael 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To compare sequential versus concomitant surgery of glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) and Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 (KPro). Methods Patients who received GDI and KPro in the same eye were divided into 2 groups: GDI placement prior to KPro surgery (sequential group) or GDI placement concomitant with KPro surgery (concomitant group). Main outcome measures were GDI failure, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mm Hg, less than a 20% IOP reduction from baseline, or IOP <5 mm Hg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, any reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception; best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); and surgical complications. Results Thirty-five eyes were included in the study: 17 in the sequential group and 18 in the concomitant group. The cumulative incidence of failure after 5 years of follow-up was 23.5% in the sequential group and 27.8% in the concomitant group (p = 0.250). Mean BCVA was significantly better in the concomitant group after 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and at the last follow-up (p<0.05). Both groups had similar rates of complications (p = 1.000). The most frequent complication was GDI erosion, which occurred in 23.5% (n = 4/17) in the sequential group and in 27.8% (n = 5/18) in the concomitant group (p = 1.000). Conclusions Glaucoma drainage implant placement at the time of KPro surgery had similar cumulative incidence of failure, but significantly favorable visual outcomes, compared to sequential surgeries. The most frequent complication was GDI erosion, occurring in approximately one fourth of the patients.
Implant Survival and Patient-Reported Outcomes after Total HIP Arthroplasty in Young Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the HIP
Authors: Swarup Ishaan , Marshall Astrid C. , Lee Yuo-yu , Figgie Mark P. 
Published: April 2016

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common cause of hip pain in young patients, and may require treatment with total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study evaluates implant survival and describes patient-reported outcomes after primary THA in DDH patients aged 35 or younger. Methods A retrospective study with prospective follow-up was conducted at a major academic medical centre. Patient charts were reviewed to identify young THA patients with DDH, and follow-up surveys were conducted to determine implant survival and patient-reported outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate implant survival, and the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) was used to describe patient-reported outcomes. Results This study included 61 patients (75 THAs, 75% follow-up), and the mean time to follow-up was 13 years (range 3-25 years). The 10-year and 20-year implant survival was 87% (95% CI, 78%-94%) and 55% (95% CI, 37%-72%), respectively, and implant survival was significantly better in patients over the age of 25 at the time of surgery (p value <0.01). The mean HOOS patient scores were 83 for pain (SD 20.29), 78 for symptoms (SD 19.72), 83 for ADLs (SD 20.89), and 74 for sports (SD 25.92). Patients that were younger at the time of surgery or required custom implants reported worse HOOS-Symptom scores at follow-up (p value = 0.02). Discussions Young patients with DDH have good outcomes after surgery. Patient factors and implant characteristics should be considered when predicting implant survival and outcomes after THA in young patients with DDH.
Treatment Results and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Vulvar Cancer Treated with Postoperative or Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Alanyali Senem , Duran Özge , Özsaran Zeynep , Özsaran Aydın , Akman Levent , Solmaz Ulaş , Gökçü Mehmet , Sanci Muzaffer , Aras Arif B. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Vulvar cancer is a relatively uncommon type of gynecologic cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors of vulvar cancer. Methods Forty-four vulvar cancer patients treated between 2000 and 2011 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, were retrospectively reviewed. External radiotherapy (RT) was applied with 6-18 MV linear accelerators with 1.8 Gy daily fractions with a median total dose of 50.4 Gy (45-59.4 Gy) for postoperative cases and 64.8 Gy (range 54-66 Gy) for definitive cases. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0. Results Among 44 patients with a median age of 68 years (range 28-86), 14 (31.8%) were treated with curative and 30 (68.2%) were treated with postoperative RT or radiochemotherapy (RCT). According to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, 11 (25%) had stage IB, 10 (22.7%) had stage II, 6 (13.6%) had stage IIIA, 5 (11.4%) had stage IIIB, and 12 (27.3%) had stage IVA disease. Within a median of 24 months (range 6-135) of follow-up, 11 (27.3%) patients had local recurrence, 8 had regional recurrence, 2 had both local and regional recurrence, and 6 had distant metastases. Five-year locoregional, disease-free, and overall survival rates were 45%, 40%, and 54%, respectively. Older age, poor tumor differentiation, positive surgical margin, and lymphovascular space invasion were found to be important prognostic factors for disease-related outcomes. Conclusions Prognosis of vulvar cancer remains poor even with a multidisciplinary approach. Molecular prognostic factors need to be defined for individualized treatment options to achieve better treatment results.
The Salesman at Sea: Aquatic Imagery in Death of a Salesman
Authors: Mazeski Brian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Recent studies of Arthur Miller's use of figurative language in his plays resituate Miller not as the craggy, unimaginative antithesis to Tennessee Williams, but as a language stylist in his own right, deeply concerned with patterns of imagery, metaphor, and symbolism—all those techniques that make the unity of the aesthetic come alive in a play. This article joins this critical effort to reposition Miller as a language stylist by shedding light on yet another layer of Miller's unique dramatic idiom—the aquatic imagery that pervades Death of a Salesman.
Taking Flight(s): Avian Imagery in Camino Real and After the Fall
Authors: Mandeville Jessica 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Tennessee Williams's Camino Real and Arthur Miller's After the Fall are two plays clearly informed by the “unease” and disillusionment of the postwar era, and each stands as one of the more experimental, expressionistic plays produced by either playwright. Both plays depict a host of fallen characters in a fallen society, and both, interestingly, employ avian symbols and language in their articulation of three key themes: entrapment and escape, death and rebirth, and the attainment of spiritual elevation.
All My Journals:Arthur Miller Journalas Intro to Literature College Text
Authors: Greenfield Thomas A. , Nolan Megan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor an introductory college course in literary studies based entirely on the works of Arthur Miller, the professor obtained a personal copy of the same volume of The Arthur Miller Journal for every student in the class. Hoping to demystify literary scholarship for first-year English majors, the professor used the journal as a regular course textbook, integrating journal-based readings and exercises into otherwise conventional first-year pedagogy in the study of Miller's works. By the end of the course, the professor found that by using their personal copies of the journal throughout the semester, these novice students became surprisingly comfortable and conversant with the world of literary scholarship. Students reported that working with the journal on a daily basis gave the course a sense of professionalism neither they nor the professor had anticipated. Moreover, ongoing interaction with the journal allowed students to develop a significant degree of familiarity with its contents as they revisited the journal's articles throughout the term.
The Illuminators of the Hooked-g Scribe(s) and the Production of Middle English Literature, c. 1460–c. 1490
Authors: James-Maddocks Holly 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article integrates an art historical perspective into previous paleographical and linguistic approaches to manuscripts copied by the “hooked-g scribes.” By identifying the work of the illuminators in manuscripts outside of the hooked-g context, it is possible to reconstruct a tentative chronology for the fifteen undated manuscripts of the hooked-g scribes (a group inclusive of multiple copies of works by Chaucer, Lydgate, and Gower). Furthermore, a study of the illuminators reveals regular collaboration between one hooked-g scribe and two border artists, indicating that sustained cooperation between book craftsmen was considered a viable method of book production during the second half of the fifteenth century.