bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which outcomes are important to patients and families who have experienced paediatric acute respiratory illness? Findings from a mixed methods sequential exploratory study
Authors: Dyson Michele P , Shave Kassi , Gates Allison , Fernandes Ricardo M , Scott Shannon D , Hartling Lisa 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the outcome priorities of parents of children who had experienced an acute respiratory infection (ARI).DesignThis was a two-phase, mixed methods study with a sequential exploratory design. We used a cross-sectional quantitative web-based survey to elicit parents’ priorities for paediatric ARI. We then used a discussion moderated via Facebook to elucidate richer descriptions of parents’ priorities.SettingSurvey and discussion data were collected via the internet.Participants110 parents (90% women, median age 35 years, 92.7% urban dwelling, 94.5% with a postsecondary education) with a child who had experienced an ARI responded to the survey. Four parents participated in the Facebook discussion.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was parents’ rankings of outcomes related to paediatric ARI. The secondary outcomes were the alignment of parent-reported important outcomes with those commonly reported in Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs).ResultsCommonly reported ARIs included croup (44.5%), wheezing (43.6%) and influenza (38.2%). Parents ranked major complications, illness symptoms and length of stay as the most important outcome categories. With respect to specific outcomes, severe complications, major side effects, doctor’s assessment, relapse, oxygen supplementation and results from laboratory measures were reported as most important (75th–99th percentile). Taking time off work, mild complications, interference with daily activities, treatment costs, absenteeism, follow-up visits and other costs were deemed minimally important (<25th percentile). In 35 Cochrane SRs, 29 unique outcomes were reported. Although participants’ priorities sometimes aligned with outcomes frequently reported in the literature, this was not always true. Additional priorities from the survey (n=50) and Facebook discussions (n=4) included healthcare access, interacting with healthcare providers, education, impact on daily activities and child well-being.ConclusionsIn the context of paediatric ARI, parents’ priorities did not always align with commonly researched outcomes. Appealing and efficient strategies to engage patients and parents in research should be developed.
What interventions are used to improve exercise adherence in older people and what behavioural techniques are they based on? A systematic review
Authors: Room Jonathan , Hannink Erin , Dawes Helen , Barker Karen 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of interventions used to improve exercise adherence in older people, to assess the effectiveness of these interventions and to evaluate the behavioural change techniques underpinning them using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTT).DesignSystematic review.MethodsA search was conducted on AMED, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases. Randomised controlled trials that used an intervention to aid exercise adherence and an exercise adherence outcome for older people were included. Data were extracted with the use of a preprepared standardised form. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Interventions were classified according to the BCTT.ResultsEleven studies were included in the review. Risk of bias was moderate to high. Interventions were classified into the following categories: comparison of behaviour, feedback and monitoring, social support, natural consequences, identity and goals and planning. Four studies reported a positive adherence outcome following their intervention. Three of these interventions were categorised in the feedback and monitoring category. Four studies used behavioural approaches within their study. These were social learning theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, cognitive behavioural therapy and self-efficacy. Seven studies did not report a behavioural approach.ConclusionsInterventions in the feedback and monitoring category showed positive outcomes, although there is insufficient evidence to recommend their use currently. There is need for better reporting, use and the development of theoretically derived interventions in the field of exercise adherence for older people. Robust measures of adherence, in order to adequately test these interventions would also be of use.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015020884.
Outcomes of specialist discharge coordination and intermediate care schemes for patients who are homeless: analysis protocol for a population-based historical cohort
Authors: Blackburn Ruth M , Hayward Andrew , Cornes Michelle , McKee Martin , Lewer Dan , Whiteford Martin , Menezes Dee , Luchenski Serena , Story Alistair , Denaxas Spiros , Tinelli Michela , Wurie Fatima B , Byng Richard , Clark Michael C , Fuller James , Gabbay Mark , Hewett Nigel , Kilmister Alan , Manthorpe Jill , Neale Joanne , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionPeople who are homeless often experience poor hospital discharge arrangements, reflecting ongoing care and housing needs. Specialist integrated homeless health and care provision (SIHHC) schemes have been developed and implemented to facilitate the safe and timely discharge of homeless patients from hospital. Our study aims to investigate the health outcomes of patients who were homeless and seen by a selection of SIHHC services.Methods and analysisOur study will employ a historical population-based cohort in England. We will examine health outcomes among three groups of adults: (1) homeless patients seen by specialist discharge schemes during their hospital admission; (2) homeless patients not seen by a specialist scheme and (3) admitted patients who live in deprived neighbourhoods and were not recorded as being homeless. Primary outcomes will be: time from discharge to next hospital inpatient admission; time from discharge to next accident and emergency attendance and 28-day emergency readmission. Outcome data will be generated through linkage to hospital admissions data (Hospital Episode Statistics) and mortality data for November 2013 to November 2016. Multivariable regression will be used to model the relationship between the study comparison groups and each of the outcomes.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained from the National Health Service (NHS) Confidentiality Advisory Group (reference 16/CAG/0021) to undertake this work using unconsented identifiable data. Health Research Authority Research Ethics approval (REC 16/EE/0018) has been obtained in addition to local research and development approvals for data collection at NHS sites. We will feedback the results of our study to our advisory group of people who have lived experience of homelessness and seek their suggestions on ways to improve or take this work further for their benefit. We will disseminate our findings to SIHHC schemes through a series of regional workshops.
Noble gases in conventional and unconventional petroleum systems
Authors: Byrne David J. , Barry P. H. , Lawson M. , Ballentine C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Petroleum systems represent complex multiphase subsurface environments. The properties of the noble gases as conservative physical tracers allow them to be used to gain insight into the physical behaviour occurring within hydrocarbon systems. This can be used to better understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration, residence time of fluids, and measurement of the scale of the subsurface fluid system involved in the transport and trapping of the hydrocarbon phase. The noble gases in the subsurface derive from different sources with distinct isotopic compositions, allowing them to be resolved in any crustal fluid. We discuss the processes within petroleum systems that incorporate the noble gases from each of these sources into hydrocarbon accumulations. The dominant mechanism controlling the introduction of air-derived noble gases into petroleum systems is via subsurface groundwater, and this records key information about the interaction of the petroleum system with the hydrogeological regime. Radiogenic noble gases accumulate over time, recording information about the age and relative timing of processes within the petroleum system. We review the conceptual framework and quantitative models describing these processes using examples from previous studies, and discuss both their current limitations and the potential for their application to unconventional hydrocarbon systems.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Tachycardias in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Klehs Sophia , Schneider Heike E. , Backhoff David , Paul Thomas , Krause Ulrich 
Published: December 2017

Background
Radiofrequency catheter ablation has become the treatment strategy of choice for atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). We analyzed results of radiofrequency catheter ablation in a large cohort of patients with CHD with special reference to complexity of underlying anatomy.

Methods and Results
One hundred and forty-four patients with CHD and atrial tachyarrhythmias undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation were classified according to complexity of underlying CHD: simple CHD, n=18 (12%); moderate CHD, n=53 (37%); and complex CHD, n=73 (51%). Overall acute success was achieved in 81% of the patients. Acute success was lower for tachycardias involving the left atrium compared with right atrial tachycardias. Complexity of CHD was associated with longer procedure duration. Tachycardia recurrence was observed in 54% of the patients after a total follow-up of 7.4 years. 75% of all recurrences occurred within the first year. Recurrence of tachycardia was more likely in patients with complex surgical atrial anatomy (ie, Fontan palliation or atrial switch procedure). Major complications occurred in 4 patients and were related to vascular access.

Conclusions
Acute procedural success of atrial tachycardia ablation in congenital heart patients was not influenced by complexity of CHD. Long-term outcome with regard to tachycardia recurrence was worse in patients with complex surgical atrial anatomy.
Commentary on the New Charity Undertakings Law
Authors: Backer Larry Catá 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChina’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related ForeignngoManagement Law, it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and ForeignngoManagement Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole, each merits discussion for its own unique contribution to national development. Moreover, while analysis tends to focus on legal conformity of the Charity Law to the state constitution, little work has been done to analyze the relationship of the Charity Law to the political constitution of China. This essay seeks to fill that gap by considering the role of the Charity Law through the lens of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China. More specifically, the essay examines the extent to which the provisions of the Charity Law, and its underlying policies, contribute to the implementation and realization of the Chinese Communist Party (ccp) Basic Line and in the context of the overall political policy of “socialist modernization which has served as the core of the political line of theccpsince the last decades of the 20th century. The essay is organized as follows: Sectioniiconsiders the specific provisions of the Charity Law, with some reference to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Sectioniiithen considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.
Effects of the Low-Level Wind Profile on Outflow Position and Near-Surface Vertical Vorticity in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms
Authors: Guarriello Felicia , Nowotarski Christopher J. , Epifanio Craig C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Supercell thunderstorms are simulated using an idealized numerical model to analyze the effects of modifications to the environmental low-level wind profile on near-surface rotation. Specifically, the orientation, magnitude, and depth of the low-level vertical wind shear are modified in several suites of experiments and compared to control simulations with no vertical wind shear in the prescribed layer.
The overall morphology of the simulated supercells is highly sensitive to even shallow changes in the low-level wind profile. Moreover, maximum near-surface vertical vorticity varies as the low-level wind profile is modified. The results suggest this is principally a consequence of the degree to which favorable dynamic forcing of negatively buoyant outflow is superimposed upon the near-surface circulation maximum. Simulations with easterly shear and weaker storm-relative winds over the depth of the gust front promote forward-surging outflow and smaller separation between the near-surface circulation maximum and the mesocyclone aloft compared with other hodograph shapes. This promotes near-surface vertical vorticity intensification in these simulations. Similar trends in near-surface vertical vorticity as a function of low-level shear orientation are observed for varying shear-layer depths and bulk-shear magnitudes over the shear layer. The degree to which specific hodograph shapes promote strong near-surface rotation may vary with different deep-layer wind profiles or thermodynamic environments from those simulated here; however, this study concludes that favorable positioning of the near-surface circulation maximum and mesocyclone aloft are a necessary condition for supercell tornadogenesis and this positioning may be modulated by the low-level wind profile.
Large-Scale Predictors for Extreme Hourly Precipitation Events in Convection-Permitting Climate Simulations
Authors: Chan Steven C. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Roberts Nigel , Blenkinsop Stephen , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMidlatitude extreme precipitation events are caused by well-understood meteorological drivers, such as vertical instability and low pressure systems. In principle, dynamical weather and climate models behave in the same way, although perhaps with the sensitivities to the drivers varying between models. Unlike parameterized convection models (PCMs), convection-permitting models (CPMs) are able to realistically capture subdaily extreme precipitation. CPMs are computationally expensive; being able to diagnose the occurrence of subdaily extreme precipitation from large-scale drivers, with sufficient skill, would allow effective targeting of CPM downscaling simulations. Here the regression relationships are quantified between the occurrence of extreme hourly precipitation events and vertical stability and circulation predictors in southern United Kingdom 1.5-km CPM and 12-km PCM present- and future-climate simulations. Overall, the large-scale predictors demonstrate skill in predicting the occurrence of extreme hourly events in both the 1.5- and 12-km simulations. For the present-climate simulations, extreme occurrences in the 12-km model are less sensitive to vertical stability than in the 1.5-km model, consistent with understanding the limitations of cumulus parameterization. In the future-climate simulations, the regression relationship is more similar between the two models, which may be understood from changes to the large-scale circulation patterns and land surface climate. Overall, regression analysis offers a promising avenue for targeting CPM simulations. The authors also outline which events would be missed by adopting such a targeted approach.
Targeting and translocation of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum at a glance
Authors: Aviram Naama , Schuldiner Maya 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The evolutionary emergence of organelles was a defining process in diversifying biochemical reactions within the cell and enabling multicellularity. However, compartmentalization also imposed a great challenge−the need to import proteins synthesized in the cytosol into their respective sites of function. For example, one-third of all genes encode for proteins that must be targeted and translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which serves as the entry site to the majority of endomembrane compartments. Decades of research have set down the fundamental principles of how proteins get from the cytosol into the ER, and recent studies have brought forward new pathways and additional regulators enabling better definition of the rules governing substrate recognition. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we give an overview of our current understanding of the multifaceted and regulated processes of protein targeting and translocation to the ER.
Functional analyses of the CIF1–CIF2 complex in trypanosomes identify the structural motifs required for cytokinesis
Authors: Hu Huiqing , Majneri Paul , Li Dielan , Kurasawa Yasuhiro , An Tai , Dong Gang , Li Ziyin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Cytokinesis in trypanosomes occurs uni-directionally along the longitudinal axis from the cell anterior towards the cell posterior and requires a trypanosome-specific CIF1–CIF2 protein complex. However, little is known about the contribution of the structural motifs in CIF1 and CIF2 to complex assembly and cytokinesis. Here, we demonstrate that the two zinc-finger motifs but not the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 are required for interaction with the EF-hand motifs in CIF2. We further show that localization of CIF1 depends on the coiled-coil motif and the first zinc-finger motif and that localization of CIF2 depends on the EF-hand motifs. Deletion of the coiled-coil motif and mutation of either zinc-finger motif in CIF1 disrupts cytokinesis. Furthermore, mutation of either zinc-finger motif in CIF1 mislocalizes CIF2 to the cytosol and destabilizes CIF2, whereas deletion of the coiled-coil motif in CIF1 spreads CIF2 over to the new flagellum attachment zone and stabilizes CIF2. Together, these results uncover the requirement of the coiled-coil and zinc-finger motifs for CIF1 function in cytokinesis and for CIF2 localization and stability, providing structural insights into the functional interplay between the two cytokinesis regulators.
Percutaneous cryoablation of breast tumours in patients with stable metastatic breast cancer: safety, feasibility and efficacy
Authors: Beji Hédi , Pilleul Frank , Picard Raphaelle , Tredan Olivier , Bouhamama Amine , Peix Marie , Mavrovi Erti , Mastier Charles 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate safety, feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation of breast tumours in patients with clinically stable metastatic breast cancer, and to compare the findings with reports on alternative procedures, namely surgery and local radiotherapy.

Methods:
17 female patients (average age of 54.8 years ± 10.8; range 37–72) with primary breast tumour not surgically treated because of metastatic disease were included. Patients were treated for their primary lesion by percutaneous cryotherapy in period of stable disease. This minimally intervention was performed using ultrasound or CT scan guidance. All patients had clinical and breast-MRI evaluation before and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure.

Results:
All procedures were performed under local anaesthesia and technically successful. The mean largest diameter of the primary lesions was 16 ± 12 mm (size range 5–45 mm). In 15 patients, we obtained a complete regression of the primary breast lesion without recurrence during the follow-up period. Two patients with lesions measured at 40 and 45 mm had recurrence in follow up period. A second session of cryotherapy was performed for these 2 patients, not included in this study. Five patients had painful masses before cryotherapy. All were immediately relieved after the intervention and durably during all follow-up.

Conclusion:
These results show that the cryoablation of primary breast lesions seems to be well suited to the palliative care of metastatic patients, particularly because of its good tolerance, low complication rate and ability to provide local or analgesic control.

Advances in knowledge:
Therapies are limited for these symptomatic patients at metastatic state of primary breast tumour. This study shows that cryoablation in palliative care is achievable in common practice, is effective in local control of the tumour and can provide immediate and long-term analgesic control.
Aβ mediates F-actin disassembly in dendritic spines leading to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kommaddi Reddy Peera , Das Debajyoti , Karunakaran Smitha , Nanguneri Siddharth , Bapat Deepti , Ray Ajit , Shaw Eisha , Bennett David A. , Nair Deepak , Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi 
Published: December 2017

Dendritic spine loss is recognized as an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Dendritic spine structure is defined by filamentous actin (F-actin) and we observed depolymerization of synaptosomal F-actin accompanied by increased globular-actin (G-actin) at as early as 1 month of age in a mouse model of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9, male mice). This led to recall deficit after contextual fear conditioning (cFC) at 2 months of age in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 male mice, which could be reversed by the actin-polymerizing agent jasplakinolide. Further, the F-actin-depolymerizing agent latrunculin induced recall deficit after cFC in WT mice, indicating the importance of maintaining F-/G-actin equilibrium for optimal behavioral response. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we show that F-actin depolymerization in spines leads to a breakdown of the nano-organization of outwardly radiating F-actin rods in cortical neurons from APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Our results demonstrate that synaptic dysfunction seen as F-actin disassembly occurs very early, before onset of pathological hallmarks in AD mice, and contributes to behavioral dysfunction, indicating that depolymerization of F-actin is causal and not consequent to decreased spine density. Further, we observed decreased synaptosomal F-actin levels in postmortem brain from mild cognitive impairment and AD patients compared with subjects with normal cognition. F-actin decrease correlated inversely with increasing AD pathology (Braak score, Aβ load, and tangle density) and directly with performance in episodic and working memory tasks, suggesting its role in human disease pathogenesis and progression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic dysfunction underlies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cytoskeletal protein actin plays a critical role in maintaining structure and function of synapses. Using cultured neurons and an AD mouse model, we show for the first time that filamentous actin (F-actin) is lost selectively from synapses early in the disease process, long before the onset of classical AD pathology. We also demonstrate that loss of synaptic F-actin contributes directly to memory deficits. Loss of synaptosomal F-actin in human postmortem tissue correlates directly with decreased performance in memory test and inversely with AD pathology. Our data highlight that synaptic cytoarchitectural changes occur early in AD and they may be targeted for the development of therapeutics.