bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Reproducibility of Aortic Valve 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Pawade Tania A. , Cartlidge Timothy R.G. , Jenkins William S.A. , Adamson Philip D. , Robson Phillip , Lucatelli Christophe , Van Beek Edwin J.R. , Prendergast Bernard , Denison Alan R. , Forsyth Laura , Rudd James H.F. , Fayad Zahi A. , Fletcher Alison , Tuck Sharon , Newby David E. , Dweck Marc R. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
18F-Fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) can measure disease activity and progression in aortic stenosis. Our objectives were to optimize the methodology, analysis, and scan–rescan reproducibility of aortic valve 18F-fluoride PET-CT imaging.

Methods and Results—
Fifteen patients with aortic stenosis underwent repeated 18F-fluoride PET-CT. We compared nongated PET and noncontrast CT, with a modified approach that incorporated contrast CT and ECG-gated PET. We explored a range of image analysis techniques, including estimation of blood-pool activity at differing vascular sites and a most diseased segment approach. Contrast-enhanced ECG-gated PET-CT permitted localization of 18F-fluoride uptake to individual valve leaflets. Uptake was most commonly observed at sites of maximal mechanical stress: the leaflet tips and the commissures. Scan–rescan reproducibility was markedly improved using enhanced analysis techniques leading to a reduction in percentage error from ±63% to ±10% (tissue to background ratio MDS mean of 1.55, bias −0.05, limits of agreement −0·20 to +0·11).

Conclusions—
Optimized 18F-fluoride PET-CT allows reproducible localization of calcification activity to different regions of the aortic valve leaflet and commonly to areas of increased mechanical stress. This technique holds major promise in improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and as a biomarker end point in clinical trials of novel therapies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02132026.
NASA’s Remotely Sensed Precipitation: A Reservoir for Applications Users
Authors: Kirschbaum Dalia B. , Huffman George J. , Adler Robert F. , Braun Scott , Garrett Kevin , Jones Erin , McNally Amy , Skofronick-Jackson Gail , Stocker Erich , Wu Huan , Zaitchik Benjamin F. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Precipitation is the fundamental source of freshwater in the water cycle. It is critical for everyone, from subsistence farmers in Africa to weather forecasters around the world, to know when, where, and how much rain and snow is falling. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory spacecraft, launched in February 2014, has the most advanced instruments to measure precipitation from space and, together with other satellite information, provides high-quality merged data on rain and snow worldwide every 30 min. Data from GPM and the predecessor Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) have been fundamental to a broad range of applications and end-user groups and are among the most widely downloaded Earth science data products across NASA. End-user applications have rapidly become an integral component in translating satellite data into actionable information and knowledge used to inform policy and enhance decision-making at local to global scales. In this article, we present NASA precipitation data, capabilities, and opportunities from the perspective of end users. We outline some key examples of how TRMM and GPM data are being applied across a broad range of sectors, including numerical weather prediction, disaster modeling, agricultural monitoring, and public health research. This work provides a discussion of some of the current needs of the community as well as future plans to better support end-user communities across the globe to utilize this data for their own applications.
Zonal Propagation of Near-Surface Zonal Currents in Relation to Surface Wind Forcing in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractZonal propagation of zonal velocity along the equator in the Indian Ocean and its relationship with wind forcing are investigated with a focus on seasonal time scales using in situ observations from four acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and an ocean reanalysis dataset. The results show that the zonal phase speed of zonal currents varies depending on season and depth in a very complicated way in relation to surface wind forcing. Surface layer zonal velocity propagates to the west in northern spring but to the east in fall in response to zonally propagating surface zonal winds, while in the pycnocline zonal phase speed is related to wind-forced ocean wave dynamics. In the western half of the analysis domain (78°–83°E), zonal phase speed in the pycnocline is eastward all year, which is attributed to the radiation of Kelvin waves forced in the western basin. In the eastern half of the domain (80°–90°E), zonal phase speed is westward at 50- to 100-m depths in northern fall, but eastward above and below, most likely due to Rossby waves generated at the eastern boundary.
A Severe Weather Quick Observing System Simulation Experiment (QuickOSSE) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) Superconstellations
Authors: Leidner S. Mark , Nehrkorn Thomas , Henderson John , Mountain Marikate , Yunck Tom , Hoffman Ross N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultations (RO) over the last 10 years have proved to be a valuable and essentially unbiased data source for operational global numerical weather prediction. However, the existing sampling coverage is too sparse in both space and time to support forecasting of severe mesoscale weather. In this study, the case study or quick observing system simulation experiment (QuickOSSE) framework is used to quantify the impact of vastly increased numbers of GNSS RO profiles on mesoscale weather analysis and forecasting. The current study focuses on a severe convective weather event that produced both a tornado and flash flooding in Oklahoma on 31 May 2013. The WRF Model is used to compute a realistic and faithful depiction of reality. This 2-km “nature run” (NR) serves as the “truth” in this study. The NR is sampled by two proposed constellations of GNSS RO receivers that would produce 250 thousand and 2.5 million profiles per day globally. These data are then assimilated using WRF and a 24-member, 18-km-resolution, physics-based ensemble Kalman filter. The data assimilation is cycled hourly and makes use of a nonlocal, excess phase observation operator for RO data. The assimilation of greatly increased numbers of RO profiles produces improved analyses, particularly of the lower-tropospheric moisture fields. The forecast results suggest positive impacts on convective initiation. Additional experiments should be conducted for different weather scenarios and with improved OSSE systems.
Simulated Supercells in Nontornadic and Tornadic VORTEX2 Environments
Authors: Coffer Brice E. , Parker Matthew D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The composite near-storm environments of nontornadic and tornadic supercells sampled during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) both appear to be generally favorable for supercells and tornadoes. It has not been clear whether small differences between the two environments (e.g., more streamwise horizontal vorticity in the lowest few hundred meters above the ground in the tornadic composite) are actually determinative of storms’ tornadic potential. From the VORTEX2 composite environments, simulations of a nontornadic and a tornadic supercell are used to investigate storm-scale differences that ultimately favor tornadogenesis or tornadogenesis failure. Both environments produce strong supercells with robust midlevel mesocyclones and hook echoes, though the tornadic supercell has a more intense low-level updraft and develops a tornado-like vortex exceeding the EF3 wind speed threshold. In contrast, the nontornadic supercell only produces shallow vortices, which never reach the EF0 wind speed threshold. Even though the nontornadic supercell readily produces subtornadic surface vortices, these vortices fail to be stretched by the low-level updraft. This is due to a disorganized low-level mesocyclone caused by predominately crosswise vorticity in the lowest few hundred meters above ground level within the nontornadic environment. In contrast, the tornadic supercell ingests predominately streamwise horizontal vorticity, which promotes a strong low-level mesocyclone with enhanced dynamic lifting and stretching of surface vertical vorticity. These results support the idea that larger streamwise vorticity leads to a more intense low-level mesocyclone, whereas predominately crosswise vorticity yields a less favorable configuration of the low-level mesocyclone for tornadogenesis.
Housing First: permanent supported accommodation for people with psychosis who have experienced chronic homelessness
Authors: Holmes Alex , Carlisle Trevor , Vale Zoe , Hatvani George , Heagney Camillie , Jones Simon 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether a ‘housing first’ permanent supported accommodation was effective in improving housing stability, continuity of care and reducing mental health admissions for persons experiencing chronic homelessness with psychosis. Methods: A quasi prospective cohort study of 42 chronic homeless persons with psychosis accommodated in a new purpose built facility in central Melbourne. Accommodation stability, mental health service contacts and psychiatric admissions were compared across the 2 years prior, the first 2 years of placement and the 2 years after leaving. Results: The mean number of mental health admissions in the first 2 years of accommodation was less (0.56, SD = 1.0) when compared with in the 2 years prior to accommodation (1.0, SD = 1.4, p = 0.05). There was an increase in the mean total number of days admitted in the 2 years after having left the supported accommodation, (33.3 days, SD = 86.7, p = 0.043) Conclusions: The accommodation of chronic homeless persons with psychosis in a ‘housing first’ permanent supported accommodation lead to increased housing stability and optimism, improved continuity of care and reduced psychiatric admissions.
Opioid Usage During Admission in Hip Fracture Patients—The Effect of the Continuous Femoral Nerve Block
Authors: Helsø Ida , Jantzen Christopher , Lauritzen Jes Bruun , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in opioid usage during admission for hip fracture patients with continuous femoral nerve block (cFNB) when compared to patients nonfemoral nerve block (nFNB). Methods and Materials: Patients were identified from the local database on all hip fracture patients admitted to Bispebjerg University Hospital, Denmark. Four hundred fifty-six hip fracture patients were included during the period September 2008 to October 2010. Results: Three hundred sixty-six hip fracture patients had cFNB. The mean time with cFNB was 3.4 days. There were no significant differences in gender, length of stay, time to surgery, mortality rate, in-hospital falls, or resurgery rates during admission between the 2 groups. The nFNB group had an insignificant higher use of morphine as needed during the first 5 days of admission (nFNB: 53.1 mg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.4-71.7; cFNB: 47.7 mg, 95% CI: 40.7-64.3; P = .54) and during the whole admission (cFNB: 34.3 mg, 95% CI: 23.2-45.5; cFNB: 30.3 mg, 95% CI: 26.6-33.0; P = .4). Some 8.47% of the total morphine consumption during admission was morphine as needed for the nFNB group and 9.89% for the cFNB group. Conclusion: Patients with cFNB did only have a marginally lower opioid usage during admission when compared to patients without the block, with no significance between the 2 groups. This could indicate that the cFNB is an ineffective analgesic strategy, especially in the postoperative period, but larger randomized studies are needed in order to clarify this.
Pharmacological restoration and therapeutic targeting of the B-cell phenotype in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Du Jing , Neuenschwander Martin , Yu Yong , Däbritz J. Henry M. , Neuendorff Nina-Rosa , Schleich Kolja , Bittner Aitomi , Milanovic Maja , Beuster Gregor , Radetzki Silke , Specker Edgar , Reimann Maurice , Rosenbauer Frank , Mathas Stephan , Lohneis Philipp , Hummel Michael , Dörken Bernd , von Kries Jens Peter , Lee Soyoung , Schmitt Clemens A. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points
A pharmacological screening identified compounds that reactivate B-cell–specific gene expression in cHL cell lines. B-cell phenotype-restoring drug combinations render cHL cell lines susceptible to B-NHL–reminiscent targeted therapies.
Roles of WNT, NOTCH, and Hedgehog signaling in the differentiation and function of innate and innate-like lymphocytes
Authors: Kling Jessica C , Blumenthal Antje 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and innate-like lymphocytes have important roles in immune responses in the context of infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. The factors involved in driving the differentiation and function of these cell types remain to be clearly defined. There are several cellular signaling pathways involved in embryogenesis, which continue to function in adult tissue. In particular, the WNT, NOTCH, and Hedgehog signaling pathways are emerging as regulators of hematopoietic cell development and differentiation. This review discusses the currently known roles of WNT, NOTCH, and Hedgehog signaling in the differentiation and function of ILCs and innate-like lymphocytes.
Decreased Survival With Mastectomy Vis-à-Vis Breast-Conserving Surgery in Stage II and III Breast Cancers: A Comparative Treatment Effectiveness Study
Authors: Nandakumar Ambakumar , Rath Goura Kishor , Kataki Amal Chandra , Bapsy P. Poonamalle , Gupta Prakash C. , Gangadharan Paleth , Mahajan Ramesh C. , Bandyopadhyay Manas Nath , Swamy Kumara , Vallikad Elizabeth , Visweswara Rudrapatna N. , Roselind Francis Selvaraj , Sathishkumar Krishnan , Kumar Dampilla Daniel Vijay , Jain Ankush , Sudarshan Kondalli Lakshminarayana 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe primary purpose of hospital-based cancer registries is assessing patient care. Clinical stage–based survival and treatment-based survival are some of the key parameters for such assessment. Because of the challenges in obtaining follow-up parameters, a separate study on patterns of care and survival was undertaken by the Indian National Cancer Registry Program. The results for cancer of the female breast are presented here.Patients and MethodsData abstracted in a standardized patient information form were transmitted online to a central repository. Treatment patterns were assessed for 9,903 patients diagnosed between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008, from 13 institutions. Survival analysis was restricted to 7,609 patients from nine institutions wherein follow-up details (as of December 31, 2012) were available for at least 60% of patients.ResultsThe overall 5-year survival rates with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy (MS) were 94.0% and 85.8%, respectively, for stage II disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.2) and 87.1% and 69.0%, respectively, for stage III disease (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.7). Patients who had MS did better with systemic therapy (chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy), whereas patients with BCS required just local radiation therapy to achieve best survival.ConclusionThis observational study in the natural setting of care of patients with cancer in India showed significantly decreased survival with MS when compared with BCS. The reasons for lower survival with MS and the biologic or scientific rationale of the necessity of systemic therapy to achieve optimal survival in patients undergoing MS but not in those with BCS need further investigation.
Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Jeronimo Jose , Castle Philip E. , Temin Sarah , Denny Lynette , Gupta Vandana , Kim Jane J. , Luciani Silvana , Murokora Daniel , Ngoma Twalib , Qiao Youlin , Quinn Michael , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Sasieni Peter , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Shastri Surendra S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To provide resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on the secondary prevention of cervical cancer globally. Methods ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of oncology, primary care, epidemiology, health economic, cancer control, public health, and patient advocacy experts to produce recommendations reflecting four resource-tiered settings. A review of existing guidelines, a formal consensus-based process, and a modified ADAPTE process to adapt existing guidelines were conducted. Other experts participated in formal consensus. Results Seven existing guidelines were identified and reviewed, and adapted recommendations form the evidence base. Four systematic reviews plus cost-effectiveness analyses provided indirect evidence to inform consensus, which resulted in ≥ 75% agreement. Recommendations Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is recommended in all resource settings; visual inspection with acetic acid may be used in basic settings. Recommended age ranges and frequencies by setting are as follows: maximal: ages 25 to 65, every 5 years; enhanced: ages 30 to 65, if two consecutive negative tests at 5-year intervals, then every 10 years; limited: ages 30 to 49, every 10 years; and basic: ages 30 to 49, one to three times per lifetime. For basic settings, visual assessment is recommended as triage; in other settings, genotyping and/or cytology are recommended. For basic settings, treatment is recommended if abnormal triage results are present; in other settings, colposcopy is recommended for abnormal triage results. For basic settings, treatment options are cryotherapy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure; for other settings, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (or ablation) is recommended. Twelve-month post-treatment follow-up is recommended in all settings. Women who are HIV positive should be screened with HPV testing after diagnosis and screened twice as many times per lifetime as the general population. Screening is recommended at 6 weeks postpartum in basic settings; in other settings, screening is recommended at 6 months. In basic settings without mass screening, infrastructure for HPV testing, diagnosis, and treatment should be developed. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/rs-cervical-cancer-secondary-prev-guideline and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki . It is the view of of ASCO that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement, but not replace, local guidelines.
Relationship Between Preoperative Evaluation Blood Pressure and Preinduction Blood Pressure: A Cohort Study in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: van Klei Wilton A. , van Waes Judith A. R. , Pasma Wietze , Kappen Teus H. , van Wolfswinkel Leo , Peelen Linda M. , Kalkman Cor J. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:
For outcomes research where changes in intraoperative blood pressure are a possible causative factor, it is important to determine an appropriate source for a reference value. We studied to what extent preinduction blood pressure values in the operating room differ from those obtained during preoperative evaluation outside the operating room.

METHODS:
Cohort study including 4408 patients aged 60 years or older undergoing noncardiac surgery. The outcome was the difference between the preinduction mean blood pressure (MBP) and the MBP obtained during preoperative evaluation. A difference of ≥10 mm Hg was considered clinically relevant. A paired samples t test was used to estimate the difference. Linear regression was used to obtain estimates adjusted for patient characteristics, comorbidity, medications, type of surgery, and preoperative blood pressure.

RESULTS:
Complete data were available for 3660 (83%) patients. There were 2228 (61%) patients with a difference of ≥10 mm Hg between the preinduction and preoperative MBP. The overall mean difference between both MBPs was 11 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 10–11) with important variability among individuals. Patients with higher preoperative MBP values had smaller differences. After adjusting for patient characteristics, comorbidity, medications, type of surgery, and preoperative blood pressure, the difference decreased an estimated 5.0 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 4.7–5.4) for every increase of 10 mm Hg in preoperative MBP. Patient characteristics, comorbidity, type of surgery, or medication were not strongly associated with the difference.

CONCLUSIONS:
The average preinduction blood pressure was higher than the preoperative blood pressure. This difference between the measurements can be explained by stress-induced effects and regression to the mean. To define an optimal reference value for research purposes or to arrive at a clinical perioperative blood pressure target, one should consider that there is important variability both within and between patients.
DNA Garden: A Simple Method for Producing Arrays of Stretchable DNA for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging of DNA-Binding Proteins
Authors: Igarashi Chihiro , Murata Agato , Itoh Yuji , Subekti Dwiky Rendra Graha , Takahashi Satoshi , Kamagata Kiyoto 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We developed a simple method for producing arrays of stretchable DNAs, called DNA garden, for single-molecule fluorescence measurements. The method is based on microcontact printing of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (biotin-BSA) on a coverslip coated by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer and on the subsequent tethering of neutravidin and biotinylated DNA. Without the need for a microfabricated substrate used for DNA tethering, it facilitates single-molecule investigations of DNA and DNA-binding proteins based on fluorescence microscopic imaging. The salient advantage of DNA garden is continuous observation of DNA in the repeated cycles of extension and relaxation by flow control, enabling the characterization of processes occurring in and on the relaxed DNA. The DNA garden was applied to the detection of cleavage sites of restriction enzymes and for the observation of the sliding dynamics of a tumor suppressor, p53, along extended DNA at the single-molecule level. Furthermore, experiments based on the repetitive extension and relaxation of DNA demonstrated that p53 causes looping of DNA, probably by connecting multiple regions of the relaxed DNA. The DNA garden is expected to be a powerful tool for the single-molecule imaging assay of DNA and DNA-binding proteins.
Synthesis of Type-I CdTe Core and Type-II CdTe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots by a Hydrothermal Method and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Watanabe Taichi , Takahashi Kohji , Shimura Kunio , Bu Hang-Beom , Hyeon-Deuk Kim , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
CdTe and CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via hydrothermal method in one-step processes just by controlling reaction time. A gradual thermal decomposition of thiol ligand N-acetyl-l-cysteine results in formation of a CdS shell on a CdTe core. The experimental results of X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that growth of the CdS shell started in a longer reaction time than 30 minutes and that the thickness of the CdS shell increased with increasing the reaction time. The CdTe/CdS QD exhibited a longer photoluminescence-decay time than the CdTe core QD due to the type-II band alignment, and the decay time in the CdTe/CdS QDs increased with an increase in the reaction time. The increase in the decay time in the CdTe/CdS QDs was qualitatively reproduced by a decrease in an overlap integral of electron and hole wave functions caused by an increase of the CdS shell thickness.