bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can visual methods actually challenge hierarchies? A case study from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Simpson Reeves Laura , Hinthorne Lauren Leigh 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Visual research methods continue to be explored as a viable tool within community development, particularly amongst advocates for participatory approaches. It is widely agreed that visual research methods can assist participants in externalizing abstract concepts and create spaces for reflective dialogue. However, these methods are frequently used across the sector with little theorizing or critical reflection. Moreover, visual research methods and participatory processes are often conflated. There is also an assumption that visual research methods, particularly when used in development contexts, can disrupt power structures. This research draws on a case study from Papua New Guinea (PNG) to modestly challenge this assumption and, in doing so, argues for more critical and reflexive practice across community development. The article critically analyses a workshop held in rural PNG in 2013 that employed a visual multimethod approach. The workshop took place over four days with the aim of creating a local community development plan. Perhaps unsurprisingly, we found that while the visual research methods used in PNG demonstrated evidence of shifting some power structures, this was not necessarily because of the method or methods themselves, and was actually more closely linked to the locale in which we facilitated the method(s).
Predictors of Persistent Infant Car Seat Challenge Failure
Authors: Mandell Laura , Rhein Lawrence M. , Feldman Henry A. , Bergling Emily , Porter Courtney , DeGrazia Michele 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Premature and other at-risk infants can experience cardiorespiratory problems when positioned in their car seats. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all premature and at-risk infants undergo a period of observation in their car seat to monitor for apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturation before hospital discharge. This Infant Car Seat Challenge (ICSC) is used to determine readiness for infant travel in a car seat. Infants failing the ICSC are discharged home in car beds and referred for a follow-up screen in the outpatient clinic.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify predictors for infants failing the follow-up ICSC after hospital discharge.

Methods/Search Strategy:
A retrospective, cross-sectional study design was used to examine charts of 436 infants referred from across New England, to Boston Children's Hospital's, Center for Healthy Infant Lung Development clinic between August 2008 and May 2015 for a follow-up ICSC.

Findings/Results:
Infants who failed the follow-up ICSC had statistically significant lower weights (0.27 ± 0.14 kg, difference ± standard error, P = .03) and younger postmenstrual ages (0.9 ± 0.4 weeks, P = .03). History of a cardiac condition (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-8.5; P = .005) and respiratory illness (odds ratio, 2.1; confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.2; P = .03) were significant predictors of ICSC failure.

Implications for Practice:
A follow-up ICSC is recommended for the safe transition of infants from a car bed to a car seat.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to investigate the causes of ICSC failure among high-risk infant populations.
Comparative Effectiveness of Needle Aponeurotomy and Collagenase Injection for Dupuytren’s Contracture: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhou Chao , Hovius Steven E. R. , Pieters Adriana J. , Slijper Harm P. , Feitz Reinier , Selles Ruud W. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Although the efficacy of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injections has been demonstrated by randomized clinical trials, the relative effectiveness of CCH remains uncertain. Our aim was to compare the outcomes of CCH with those of percutaneous needle aponeurotomy (PNA) in daily clinical practice.

Methods:
We analyzed data from patients undergoing PNA or CCH between 2011 and 2014 at 7 practice sites in the Netherlands. We examined the degree of improvement in contracture and adverse effects at 6–12 weeks after surgery or the last injection. Additionally, we invited patients to complete the Michigan Hand Questionnaire before and at 6–12 months follow-up. To minimize the risk of bias, we used propensity score matching.

Results:
Among 130 matched patients (93% Tubiana I or II) undergoing PNA (n = 46) and CCH (n = 84), improvement in contracture was similar: 26 degrees (65% improvement from baseline) for PNA versus 31 degrees (71%) for CCH for affected metacarpophalangeal joints (P = 0.163). This was 16 degrees (50% improvement) versus 17 degrees (42%) for affected proximal interphalangeal joints (P = 0.395), respectively. No serious adverse effects occurred in either of the 2 treatment groups. Of the mild adverse effects, only skin fissures and sensory disturbances were seen in both groups. Through 1-year follow-up, patients reported similar improvements in the overall Michigan Hand Questionnaire score (PNA 5.3 points versus CCH 4.9 points; P = 0.912).

Conclusions:
In patients with mild contractures (Tubiana I or II), CCH was as effective as PNA in reducing contractures. Both treatments were safe and improved hand function to a similar extent in daily practice.
Chronic pain-related changes in cardiovascular regulation and impact on comorbid hypertension in a general population: the Tromsø study
Authors: Bruehl Stephen , Olsen Roy Bjørkholt , Tronstad Christian , Sevre Knut , Burns John W. , Schirmer Henrik , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Stubhaug Audun , Rosseland Leiv Arne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are indexes reflecting the ability to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis amidst changing conditions. Evidence primarily from small studies suggests that both HRV and BRS may be reduced in individuals with chronic pain (CP), with potential implications for cardiovascular risk. We compared HRV and BRS between individuals with CP (broadly defined) and pain-free controls in a large unselected population sample. Participants were 1143 individuals reporting clinically meaningful CP and 5640 pain-free controls who completed a 106-second cold pressor test (CPT). Participants self-reported hypertension status. Resting HRV and BRS were derived from continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings obtained before and after the CPT. Hierarchical regressions for the pre-CPT period indicated that beyond effects of age, sex, and body mass index, the CP group displayed significantly lower HRV in both the time domain (SDNN and rMSSD) and frequency domain (high-frequency HRV power), as well as lower BRS. Results were somewhat weaker for the post-CPT period. Mediation analyses indicated that for 6 of 7 HRV and BRS measures tested, there were significant indirect (mediated) effects of CP status on the presence of comorbid hypertension via reduced HRV or BRS. Results confirm in the largest and broadest sample tested to date that the presence of CP is linked to impaired cardiovascular regulation and for the first time provide support for the hypothesis that links between CP and comorbid hypertension reported in previous population studies may be due in part to CP-related decrements in cardiovascular regulation.
Association of Heparin‐binding EGF‐like Growth Factor Polymorphisms With Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ma Fei , Li Sitao , Hao Hu , Gao Pingmin , Dai Yiheng , Himani Chhetri , Liu Weidong , Gao Xiaoyan , Xiao Xin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHeparin‐binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) protects the intestines from injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the HB‐EGF gene lead to low HB‐EGF production in peripheral blood and increased risk of NEC in the Chinese Han population. To test this hypothesis, 30 NEC patients and 80 control subjects were selected. Five HB‐EGF single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and its plasma levels were measured by genotyping and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Only 1 out of the 5 SNPs showed a notable result. The notable SNP (rs4912711) was associated with NEC in its minor allele frequency and its “G/T” genotype distribution. In addition, plasma HB‐EGF levels were reduced especially the “G/T” genotype in NEC patients. Our data suggest that if validated in larger studies screening for HB‐EGF SNPs/genotypes and plasma levels may be useful as a risk factor for NEC in the future.
Can Basic Characteristics Estimate Body Composition in Early Infancy?
Authors: Liotto Nadia , Roggero Paola , Bracco Beatrice , Menis Camilla , Morniroli Daniela , Perrone Michela , Giannì Maria L. , Mosca Fabio 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Increasing evidence demonstrates that body composition in early life contributes to the programming of health later in life in both full‐term and preterm infants. Given the important role of body composition, the increased availability of easy, noninvasive, and accurate techniques for its assessment has been recommended. The aim of the present study was to identify basic characteristics and anthropometric measurements that best correlate with body composition in infants.Methods:Anthropometric measurements and body composition assessed by air‐displacement plethysmography were assessed either at birth or at term‐corrected age in 1239 infants (654 full‐term, 585 preterm). The associations of sex, GA (gestational age), and weight with FFM (fat‐free mass) and FM (fat mass) adjusted by length (g/cm) were investigated by multiple linear regression models. Bland‐Altman tests were performed, and an equation for calculating FFM was determined.Results:Preterm infants exhibited increased FM and reduced FFM compared with full‐term infants (477.6 ± 204 vs 259.7 ± 147 g and 2583 ± 494 vs 2770 ± 364 g, respectively). GA, male sex, and weight were positively associated with FFM (r2 = 0.806, P < 0.0001; 6.1 g of average bias). GA and male sex were negatively associated with FM, whereas weight was positively associated with FM (r2 = 0.641, P < 0.0001; 4.9 g of average bias).Conclusions:The assessment of body composition represents the criterion standard. When body composition assessment is not feasible, the equation based on sex, GA, and anthropometric measurements can be useful in predicting body composition in both full‐term and preterm infants.
The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool
Authors: Thoyre Suzanne M. , Pados Britt F. , Park Jinhee , Estrem Hayley , McComish Cara , Hodges Eric A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PediEAT) is a parent‐report instrument developed to assess symptoms of feeding problems in children aged 6 months to 7 years. The purpose of this study was to identify the factor structure of the PediEAT and test its psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability, temporal stability, and construct validity.Methods:Participants included 567 parents of children aged 6 months to 7 years. Fifty‐four percent of the sample had parent report of a diagnosed feeding problem or feeding concerns. Exploratory factor‐analysis techniques were used to remove redundant or non‐endorsed items and identify the factor structure of the instrument. Construct validity was examined with 466 parents completing the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire as a criterion standard. Known‐groups validation was used to compare PediEAT scores between children with and without diagnosed feeding problems. Temporal stability of the PediEAT was examined with 97 parents repeating the PediEAT after 2 weeks.Results:Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation supported a 4‐factor model accounting for 39.4% of the total variance. The 4 subscales (Physiologic Symptoms, Problematic Mealtime Behaviors, Selective/Restrictive Eating, Oral Processing) demonstrated acceptable internal consistencies (coefficient alphas: 0.92, 0.91, 0.83, 0.83; respectively). Construct validity was supported in 2 ways. The PediEAT correlated with the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) and total score and subscale scores were significantly different between children with and without diagnosed feeding problem (P < 0.001). Temporal stability was demonstrated through test‐retest reliability (r = 0.95, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Strong psychometric properties support the use of the PediEAT in research and clinical practice.
High Rate of Febrile Seizures in Japanese Children With Occult Bacteremia
Authors: Kamidani Satoshi , Shoji Kensuke , Ogawa Eiki , Funaki Takanori , Mishina Hiroki , Miyairi Isao 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Fever of 39°C or higher and a white blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000/μL or greater are known predictors of occult bacteremia (OB). However, because of a decreasing prevalence of OB, WBC counts have become poor predictors of OB in populations of routinely immunized children. Thus, we aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics of OB in Japanese children and identify potential risk factors for OB.

Methods
We conducted an observational study of children aged 3 to 36 months old with positive blood cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae at an emergency department in a tertiary care children's hospital between April 2002 and December 2015. Patients with significant underlying diseases, a proven source of infection, or toxic appearance, were excluded.

Results
Positive blood cultures were recorded in 231 patients; of these, 110 were included in the study (S. pneumoniae, n = 102; H. influenzae, n = 8). Median age was 16 (3–34) months. Patients had a high median body temperature of 39.2 (interquartile range, 38.6–39.9) °C and median WBC of 21,120 (interquartile range, 16,408–24,242)/μL. A high rate of febrile seizures (58 patients, 53%) was observed, with complex febrile seizures accounting for 43% of the episodes. Frequency of febrile seizures was positively associated with age (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study revealed a high rate of children presenting with febrile seizures, especially complex seizures, among children with OB in Japan. A further study is necessary to evaluate the role of febrile seizures as a predictor for OB.
Management of Croup in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bagwell Taylor , Hollingsworth Amanda , Thompson Tonya , Abramo Thomas , Huckabee Mary , Chang Di , Crawley Leroy , Robbins James M. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
Croup occasionally requires medical intervention for respiratory distress. Mainstays of treatment are corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine. Diagnosis and assessment of severity remain clinical. Safety of discharge from an emergency department (ED) after treatment with corticosteroids and 1 nebulized epinephrine has been established. No evidence exists regarding risk associated with discharge after multidose nebulized epinephrine. Many patients requiring multidose nebulized epinephrine are reflexively admitted. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of the current management of croup, specifically patients requiring multidose nebulized epinephrine.

Methods
The Pediatric Health Information System was used to extract information on patients diagnosed with croup age 0 to 11 years, evaluated in pediatric EDs from 2004 to 2014, who received corticosteroids and at least 1 nebulized epinephrine. We retrospectively assessed patients requiring multidose nebulized epinephrine, evaluating risk of return for additional care associated with discharges and reviewing admissions for markers of disease severity.

Results
A total of 95,403 patients were identified. Those requiring corticosteroids and multidose nebulized epinephrine (N = 8084) were less likely to return for further care if discharged from the ED (5.4% return single dose, 0.8% return multidose: P < 0.0001) and were admitted at a higher rate (10.7% admission single dose, 70.5% admission multidose: P < 0.0001). Of those admitted, only 31.7% received more than 2 treatments.

Conclusions
Patients requiring single-dose nebulized epinephrine are managed differently than those requiring multidose nebulized epinephrine. There is likely a role for multidose nebulized epinephrine in the outpatient management of croup. A prospective study is needed.
Implications of Increased Weight Status for the Occurrence of Fall-Induced Intracranial Hemorrhage in Children Aged 4 Years or Younger
Authors: Kim Jung Heon , Kwon Jae Hyun , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min , Lim Kyoung Soo , Kim Won Young 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between increased weight status (IWS), a weight for age/sex at greater than the 95th percentile, and fall-induced intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in children aged 4 years or younger.

Methods
In 7072 children aged 4 years or younger with head injury who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Korea from 2013 through 2015, the presence of fall-induced ICH was reviewed. The association between IWS and ICH was investigated by multivariable logistic regression. We retrospectively validated the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule alone and in combination with IWS for predicting ICH.

Results
Of 7072 children, 547 (7.7%) underwent computed tomography, of whom 451 (6.4%) were enrolled. Of these, 41 (9.1%; estimated event rate, 0.6%) had ICHs, and 26 (5.8%) had IWS. Increased weight status was more common in the children with ICH (P = 0.023). The association between IWS and ICH remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio, 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–18.46; P = 0.010). The validation of the rule in combination with IWS showed no significant increases in a sensitivity (92.7% [95% CI, 80.1%–98.5%] to 95.7% [95% CI, 83.5%–99.4%]) and negative predictive value (98.2% [95% CI, 94.7%–99.4%] to 98.8% [95% CI, 95.4%–99.8%]).

Conclusions
Increased weight status is associated with fall-induced ICH in children aged 4 years or younger. Information on weight status could be potentially helpful in predicting ICH in young children with fall-induced head injury.
Closed Digital Artery Injury in Children
Authors: Bougie Emilie , Cugno Sabrina 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Closed digital artery injury is a very rare phenomenon, even more so in children, with only 5 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of closed digital arterial interruption in a child after crush injury to the left hand. We further discuss possible etiologies and describe adequate management as found in the pertinent literature. Digital arterial injury should be suspected even in closed hand trauma because a delay in recognition may lead to devastating consequences.
Emergency Department Utilization by Native American Children
Authors: Zook Heather G. , Kharbanda Anupam B. , Puumala Susan E. , Burgess Katherine A. , Pickner Wyatt , Payne Nathaniel R. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine differences in emergency department (ED) use by Native American (NA) children in rural and urban settings and identify factors associated with frequent ED visits.

Methods
This cross-sectional, cohort study examined visits to 6 EDs: 2 rural, 2 midsize urban, and 2 large urban EDs from June 2011 to May 2012. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Frequent ED visitors had more than 4 visits in the study period.

Results
We studied 8294 NA visits (5275 patients) and 44,503 white visits (33,945 patients). Rural EDs had a higher proportion of NA patients, those below 200% of the income poverty level, and those who traveled more than 10 miles from their residence to attend the ED (all P < 0.05) compared with midsize and urban EDs. Native American patients had a high proportion of mental health diagnoses compared with whites (4.9% vs 1.9%, P < 0.001). Frequent ED visitors had greater odds of NA race, age younger than 1 year, public insurance, female sex, residence within less than 5 miles from the ED, and chronic disease.

Conclusions
Native American children seem to have greater challenges compared with whites obtaining care in rural areas. Native American children were more likely to be frequent ED visitors, despite having to travel farther from their residence to the ED. Native American children visiting rural and midsize urban EDs had a much higher prevalence of mental health problems than whites. Additional efforts to provide both medical and mental health services to rural NA are urgently needed.
Validity of Accelerometry to Measure Physical Activity Intensity in Children With an Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Baque Emmah , Sakzewski Leanne , Trost Stewart G. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Barber Lee 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the validity of the ActiGraph accelerometer (AG) to differentiate between standardized, physical activity tasks using oxygen consumption (

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2) as the criterion measure in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury; to determine vector magnitude activity intensity cut-points; to compare performance of cut-points to previously published cut-points.

Methods:
Twenty-seven children performed standardized walking and stepping activities wearing a portable indirect calorimeter, AG, and heart rate monitor. Differences in

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2 and AG vector magnitude activity counts were measured during activities. Receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for intensity cut-points.

Results:

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2 and AG activity counts significantly increased as walking speed increased. Discrimination of the newly derived cut-points was excellent and demonstrated greater agreement compared with the previously published cut-points.

Conclusion:
Output from accelerometers can differentiate physical activity intensity in children with an acquired brain injury. Future studies can apply these cut-points to evaluate physical activity performance.
Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Unilateral Neglect After Stroke
Authors: Fan Jingjing , Li Yi , Yang Yonghong , Qu Yun , Li Shasha 
Published: September 2017

Objective
Unilateral neglect (UN) is a common debilitating consequence of stroke. This review focused on the effect of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques in the recovery of UN in poststroke patients.

Methods
Relevant databases were comprehensively searched, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, the Web of Knowledge, and relevant websites. All randomized controlled trials were identified which used NIBS for poststroke UN. The methodological quality and risk of bias were systematically evaluated.

Results
Twelve studies were included, and 11 randomized controlled trials were made further meta-analysis. Participants who were randomized to active transcranial direct current stimulation (effect size [ES], −0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.02 to −0.01; P = 0.04) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (ES, −1.76; 95% CI, −2.40 to −1.12; P < 0.00001) decreased UN severity after intervention compared with the control group. Nonsignificant pooled effect size presented for continuous theta burst stimulation results (ES, −0.77; 95% CI, −1.90 to 0.37; P = 0.18). No participants experienced serious adverse events.

Conclusions
This review found evidence for the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the remediation of poststroke UN, but the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and continuous theta burst stimulation was uncertain. Large-sample randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to understand effects of NIBS on poststroke UN.