bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Light Oil Recovery from Fractured Shale Reservoirs by Cyclic Water Injection
Authors: Yu Yang , Sheng James J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Oil production from tight formations contributed about 49% of total crude oil production in U.S. in 2014 (EIA., 2015). Such amount is expected to grow significantly as the active development of low permeability reservoirs continues. Since primary recovery is becoming less effective and large amounts of oil are locked in matrix, various IOR techniques should be considered to face such challenge. Lots of recent studies evaluated the potential of gas injection in shale plays. However, few authors discussed the feasibility of water huff-n-puff process. This study aims to evaluate the potential of recovery shale oil by using cyclic water injection (CWI) method.
Eagle Ford outcrop core plugs were used in this study and re-saturated with crude oil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to analyze the mineral composition of the sample. To reduce clay swelling, we used 5% of potassium chloride (KCl) solution as the injection fluid. Two groups of experiments were performed to examine the effects of soaking time and injection pressure on recovery performance. During the test, core plug was soaked with water under a constant pressure for a certain time, then the surrounding pressure was released to enter the production period. Under the same test conditions, cyclic gas injection (CGI) was conducted for the purpose of comparing two IOR effects.
The mineral report shows that the clay content is 7.4 wt% in the sample. The use of clay stabilizer was a necessity when preparing the injection fluid. We present the results of cumulative recovery factor (RF) of each cycle for each test. It was found that soaking time impacts the RF within a certain range, which was similarly concluded from the gas huff-n-puff tests. Injection pressure can significantly affect the recovery performance. For example, after performing 12 cycles of water huff-n-puff, the RF for tests with injection pressures of 1,000 psi and 5,000 psi were 14% and 21%, respectively. When applying 5,000 psi, we observed that fractures were created and the width increased with further cycles operated. Comparing two processes of CWI and CGI, different recovery characters were observed. CWI showed the recovery potential at the first four cycles, and then the yielded oil was dramatically decreased with further cycle performed. By contrast, CGI had a continuous recovery performance that the incremental RF was contributed from each cycle, then gradually diminished after seven cycles of huff-n-puff process.
Uphole Motor Technology
Authors: Oyedokun Oluwafemi , Samuel Robello , Schubert Jerome 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Attempts have been made in the past to use uphole motor in extending the reach of coiled tubing in directional wellbores, but these efforts were not successful because of poor design. We have designed a workable configuration suitable for coiled-tubing and conventional drillpipe operations. In addition, we have developed a procedure for selecting the required uphole motor size, rotating tubular dimensions, and circulation rate based on surface pump and tubular-buckling constraints.
The configuration of the drillstring is highly sensitive to the flow and drilling parameters. And the rotating length function was derived using soft-string torque and drag model. The motor winding ratio and flow rate were made the independent variables of the rotating length and surface pump pressure functions. Based on available surface pump pressure, flow coefficient, and turbulence flow index constraints, the optimum uphole motor configuration and flow rate were determined.
From the numerical tests conducted, it is evident that the tecnhlogy is viable and cheap. The technique can significantly increase the reach of tubular in the lateral sections of the wellbore. Furthermore, combining the uphole motor with the articulated tractor system, greater reach is achievable.
Preliminary Study of Liquid Loading Problems for Gas Hydrate Wells and Selection of Artificial Lift Methods
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Zerpa Luis E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper studies the artificial lift methods available to deliquify loaded gas hydrate wells. When hydrate dissociates, a high amount of water will be produced. On a molecular basis, the gas-liquid ratio (GRL) is 1:5.75. A new hydrate reservoir classification system is proposed based on its future water production characteristics. In this paper we discuss the source of liquid loading for different reservoir types, required for the design of suitable artificial lift methods for the hydrate reservoir during its overall life. The challenges of artificial lift methods of hydrate wells are also investigated, such as insufficient reservoir energy, low GLR, low surface and borehole temperature, formation of ice and secondary hydrates, and sand production. Proper selection of artificial lift methods is critical to the long-term profitability of gas production from natural gas hydrate accumulations. The feasibility of different methods is the focus of this paper.
Operational Improvements Drilling One Million Feet at Nikaitchuq
Authors: Chaudhry Amjad , Sallee Adam , Burton John , Lazzari Andrea , Kuck Marc , Ravagli Bruno , Simeone Davide , Kuwairi Aousama 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Nikaitchuq is the largest single-stakeholder development on the North Slope of Alaska. It is a multiyear, very shallow extended-reach drilling (ERD) project with more than 50 wells drilled from two sites, one of which is an artificial gravel island, targeting Schrader Bluff sands. A number of key drilling advances were implemented to reach the milestone of one million feet drilled as the scope of the development plan expanded to include new producer wells targeting a shallower sand, new in-fill multilateral producer branches, and a new extension plan targeting pay that is much more distant than the original development plan envisioned.
The minimum slot distance of 8 ft and the increasing density of wells drilled drove the development of a systematic anticollision management plan. Significant economic value was conserved by explicitly forming shut-in/turn-on criteria for offset wells, managing surface conductor drift, controlling drilling parameters exiting the surface conductor through the kickoff, implementing a new surveying technique, and identifying and accounting for directional "deadzones."
Abrasion wear occurs in the intermediate hole section bottomhole assembly (BHA) caused by high-angle well path geometry, often surpassing 85° inclination in tangent, combined with the presence of frequent hard stringers. The impact of wear has increased as the extended reach drilling ratio and directional difficulty index have increased year-on-year from 6.34 to 6.69, respectively. Well path geometry has progressed to limit the measured depth drilled through intervals where hard stringers are expected and to account for reduced directional performance at the later part of the hole section. The reduction of downhole tool repair costs and the elimination of downhole tool failures, ultimately leading to single-run, shoe-to-shoe drilling of a section 13,500-ft measured depth (MD) long—a record for Alaska—are the results of the focus on improving BHA design to limit wear.
Multiple reentry laterals have been geonavigated in close proximity with the parent wellbore among offset producer grassroots wells. A point-the-bit rotary steerable system has been introduced to drill ahead and deviate from the bottom of the milling rathole, below the whipstock and window, eliminating a motor run and saving substantial rig time on each lateral. A sourceless density logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool was introduced to manage drilling risk through zones of depletion.
These technical advancements demonstrate consistent improvement of the drilling learning curve over the course of 5 years drilling at Nikaitchuq. This will be the first literature that details the long-term drilling advances achieved in the project and a valuable technical reference for very shallow ERD wells where abrasion wear is a concern.
Design, Optimization and Operation of SAGD Wells Using Dynamic Flow Simulations
Authors: Nascimento C. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world and attracts a global attention because the majority of the reserves are bitumen and heavy oil production in western Canada. Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has been the established method to produce the bitumen and heavy oil.
As the number of applications of SAGD continues to increase in Canada, there is an ongoing evolution and implementation of new technologies including those related to new improvements in design, optimization and operation. One of these new approaches involves the application of a dynamic multiphase flow simulator.
Dynamic multiphase flow simulation has been widely used around the world for conventional oil and gas production since the 1990s for primarily offshore applications related to flow assurance issues. It has been used since 2012 for simulating SAGD wells, mainly in Canada.
Dynamic simulation has been used to design SAGD wells, look at normal production and to identify and mitigate problems for both injector and producer wells in pre-circulation phase (also called pre-heating phase, or early-period).
For the pre-circulation phase when steam is circulated in both wells (injector and producer), dynamic flow simulation shows how the wellbore (casing, cement and formation) is heated from the beginning of steam injection. As well, this simulation makes possible to verify the displacement of water in liquid phase by the steam as a function of time, identifying places where it is cumulated together with its impact on the temperature profile (inside and outside of well). In addition, for shut-in events, transient analysis combined with field data can help to estimate the thermal properties of formation (e.g. thermal conductivity) and steam leakage to the reservoir.
For normal production operation, dynamic flow simulation can be used to evaluate the efficiency of steam injection to the formation by considering different steam splitters configurations and to determine the required injection pressure at wellhead. As well, for a producer pad (with all wells having electric submersible pumps installed), simulation shows how some operational parameters (such as flow rate, pressure and temperature at wellheads and separator) are influenced during different shut-in and start-up operations.
In summary, this paper shows the value of dynamic flow simulations in improving SAGD subsurface systems and operations.
Hydraulic Fracture Modeling and Well Performance Analysis in CTD Wells Completed in Tight Sands
Authors: Bagci S. , Kowan J. , Way G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The effective optimization of hydraulic fracture treatments in Coiled-Tubing Drilled (CTD) horizontal wells requires the integration of geomechanical modeling and properly designed hydraulic fracture treatments, including carefully selected stage and cluster placement. Tight sandstone reservoirs are often characterized by low productive potential due to low permeability, complex compartmentalization and limited reservoir energy resulting from low reservoir pressure. Well productivity may be optimized in both open-hole and cased-hole horizontal completions by minimizing the formation damage in these sandstone reservoirs through the application of true underbalanced CTD techniques, proper lateral configuration and optimized fracture stimulation design.
In this study, geomechanical analyses were utilized to derive rock mechanical properties of tight sandstones, such as Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio using basic density, porosity and acoustic (compressional and shear) logs. General drilling experiences and mud weights were considered along with the logs to model pore pressure, overburden and horizontal stresses and a log-based minimum horizontal stress was calculated. The estimated in-situ stress and rock mechanical properties from the geomechanical model were used to investigate the pressures necessary to create hydraulic fractures in the tight sandstones and their propagation direction, in order to improve the flow capacity. Hydraulic fracturing models were developed to identify fracture geometry parameters (length, height, width, conductivity and permeability) for horizontal CTD wells in tight sandstones. Well performance analysis was performed to estimate potential production rates from CTD wells having various lateral lengths and numbers of frac stages by minimizing formation damage through true underbalanced CTD techniques and optimized stimulation design. Effective horizontal lateral length was determined as the combined length of each stage that was successfully treated. Modeling the open-hole and cased-hole multistage completion systems in the tight sandstones indicates longer laterals and an increased number of available stages are desirable to increase production.
Our models suggest that a successful, efficient completion may be achieved in tight sandstone reservoirs through the application of true underbalanced CTD techniques coupled with optimized lateral geometry and fracture stimulation design.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Metode Oral Drill Untuk Latihan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa Jepang Di Kelas Dasar
Authors: Asih Nur Saadah Fitri 
Published: April 2016

Article content a research result about effectiveness of oral drill method to practice speaking ability of Japanese in elementary class. This is an experiment research to Japanese course’s student in elementary class in BLCI (British Language Course of Indonesia) Bandung at 2006 year. Experiment research is according to the condition of learning Japanese to the experiment class with oral drill method, in the other hand to the experiment class in using another method which is eklektik method that combine translating method and grammar method. Research data was got from result of the final test from the experiment class an control class. From the process result and analize data can be know that the average score of the student’s speaking ability in experiment class is bigger than the average score of the student’s speaking ability in control class.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Flashcard dalam Pengajaran Kakikata to Yomikata III pada Mahasiswa UBINUS Semester Tiga Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011
Authors: Astami Timur Sri 
Published: April 2016

Article clarified the process of language learning, especially Japanese in a class environment, in which closely related to the teacher, material learning, and the learning media. In kakikata to yomikata subject (Writing and Reading III), students frequently got difficulties in reading or spelling kanji letters. To observe these difficulties, the researcher uses flashcard for developing the Japanese vocabularies in six weeks regularly in thirty minutes. The result indicates that around 64% of the respondents get significant developments. The positive impact on those successful respondents is their ability in remembering vocabularies as well as writes them in kanji letters.
“She Had ‘Balls’”: Islamic Liberalism And The Modern Woman In A Contemporary Malaysian Fiction In English
Authors: Hosmillo Bernidick Bryan P. 
Published: April 2016

The paper wants to dissect the plurality of contemporary Malay society by focusing on the construction of woman sexuality as charged with an amalgam of Islam Parochialism that is seen as a restrictive sociopolitical mechanism and (de)concentrated modernization that decentres religious functions in contemporary Malay society and uses instead a rather ‘filtered’ Islam as colour for the contours of life. Further, the paper underscores the fictive, yet real advances of the Malay woman in terms of critical consciousness and beauty manifested in cultural materialism as both are seriously equated to power. The woman, however, with all the intellectual and material elevation intervenes with (masculine) sexualisation. Hence, the paper capitalizes thenecessity to examine the complexities of masculine sexualisation, as fortified by Western modernity, which is a process of recognizing the feminine presence that inevitably generate erotic desire to sexual fantasy that ultimately constructs the woman. The paper’s major thrust is to reconceptualise the notion of power anchored in the ideological framework of its polysemous nature. Such progressive elucidation of the concept creates tension between empowerment and domination which is a relevant concern in feminist politics and interpretations in that the specific implication of such reconceptualization is the object of becoming not oppressors, but of becoming liberated that in the discourse of Malayness is largely problematic as it is always perceived to be antithetical to revitalization of Islam through authentic Malaysian Literature in English for ‘liberalism’ in this case, is associated with the rupture of women’s sexuality.
Analisis Penerjemahan Metafora: Studi Kasus Metafora Dalam Novel Yukiguni Karya Kawabata Yasunari Dan Terjemahannya Daerah Salju Oleh Ajip Rosidi
Authors: Widiarti Rini 
Published: April 2016

This study aims to describe the form of metaphorical translation of the source language (SL), Japanese, into the target language (TL), Indonesian, as well as the equivalences in TL. The study also explains any the translation procedures used by the translator to get a natural translation so that the metaphor contained in the target text is able to give the same impression with the original text. Data were collected from the work of Kawabata Yasunari “Yukiguni” Novel and the translation "Daerah Salju" by Ajip Rosidi. Metaphor data were obtained by recognizing the collocation incompatibility of that the referent of a word des not match common sense. The results found are TL metaphors are translated in two forms of metaphor and non metaphor. Forms of non-metaphor are divided into simile and non-figurative expression. The results showed that procedure of modulation translation plays an important role to convey the meaning of TL, especially about viewpoint changes and explicit indication. Viewpoint changes occur on metaphorical imagery while explicit indication occurs at similarity points. Transposition procedure is not only used to generate a natural translation in terms of language but also to divert the message from SL to TL. Noted equvalences are widely used by translators to explain the concept of Japanese culture.
Xu Guangqi’s Thought On Supplementing Confucianism With Christianity
Authors: Seo Anna 
Published: April 2016

Xu Guangqi is one of the most influential Chinese scholars who accepted Christian faith during the late Ming dynasty. His idea of “supplementing Confucianism and replacing Buddhism by Christianity” had great impact on the development of Christianity in China. His idea, however, has often been accused of syncretism, and genuineness of his Christian faith has been put into question. Some argue that his theology lacks Christology. Others suggest that his ultimate goal was to achieve the Confucian political ideals through adopting some of the Christian moral teachings. Through the analysis of Xu Guangqi’ works and life, we find that he accepted all the essential Christian doctrines and Christology is the core of his understanding of “Tianzhu”. His view on Confucianism itself istransformed through Christian perspective. In his new understanding, the ultimate goal of Confucianism is to serve and to worship “Tianzhu”，same as Christianity. The ultimate problem of life is to save one’s soul.Xu Guangqi considered his scientific works as a way to propagate Christian faith,since science was seen as an integral part of Christian thought and practice. His idea of “supplementing Confucianism by Christianity” integrated Confucianism into the overarching framework of Christian thought.
The Social Status Of Female Characters In Chi Li’s Novels 池莉小说中女性的社会地位
Authors: Mariana Mariana 
Published: April 2016

Chi Li is a novelist writing “new realism” novels based on the custom of Wu Han people. Chi Li’s works have different social background according to different period stages. The first period of her works was at early 80s called beginner period. The second period was at mid 80s until mid 90s called famous period. The last period was at the end of 90s until now called evolution period. Chi Li created different female characters on different work stages. At the first period, Chi Li described the females were still obedient to the tradition. Their self-determination consciousness was weak and depended to men. At the second period, Chi Li’s female characters were changed into awaken ones who sought a new way of life. They could survive and make life by themselves, but the traditional concepts still influenced their thoughts. They still believed that devotion to men was the life idealism.Meanwhile, strong personality, strong self-determination consciousness, independence were female characters found in Chi Li’s last period works.
Minat Bekerja di Perusahaan Jepang di Indonesia pada Mahasiswa Sastra Jepang Semester Akhir di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Handayani Ratna , Marion Elisa Carolina , Koda Natsumi 
Published: April 2016

The term nenkoujoretsu as one characteristic of Japanese culture gives much influence on management system for Japanese companies operating in Indonesia, including promotion system for employee career development. This system is very much different from the promotion system of western companies. Current developments show promotion system in the company does not entirely focus on seniority and age, but focuses on educational background and individual achievement. Thus the implementation of nenkoujoretsu on Japanese companies has changed. Further research related to the implementation of nenkoujoretsu on Japanese companies in Indonesia was conducted by examining working interest in Japanese companies in Indonesia of the Japanese literature students at final semester. The scope of this study was students at final or seventh semester in STBA JIA-Bekasi, Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia-Jakarta, Universitas Darma Persada, STBA LIA-Jakarta, Universitas Bina Nusantara, and Universitas Nasional-Jakarta. This study used questionnaire and literature method. Purpose of this research is readers can understand about student interest in Japanese literature to work in Japanese companies in Indonesia. This study concludes most students of Japanese literature at final or seventh semester are interested in working in Japanese companies. A large part of the reasons for respondents who were interested in working in a foreign company is due to big salary. In addition, performance also plays an important role and determines the position and higher salary than the senior as well as the ability to apply skills in Japanese language and knowledge about Japanese.