bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Open‐Source Geographic Databases to Enhance the Representation of Landscape Heterogeneity in Ecological Models
Authors: Gelmi‐Candusso Tiziana A. , Rodriguez Peter , Fidino Mason , Rivera Kim , Lehrer Elizabeth W. , Magle Seth , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWildlife abundance and movement are strongly impacted by landscape heterogeneity, especially in cities which are among the world's most heterogeneous landscapes. Nonetheless, current global land cover maps, which are used as a basis for large‐scale spatial ecological modeling, represent urban areas as a single, homogeneous, class. This often requires urban ecologists to rely on geographic resources from local governments, which are not comparable between cities and are not available in underserved countries, limiting the spatial scale at which urban conservation issues can be tackled. The recent expansion of community‐based geographic databases, for example, OpenStreetMap (OSM), represents an opportunity for ecologists to generate large‐scale maps geared toward their specific research needs. However, computational differences in language and format, and the high diversity of information within, limit the access to these data. We provide a framework, using R, to extract geographic features from the OSM database, classify, and integrate them into global land cover maps. The framework includes an exhaustive list of OSM features describing urban and peri‐urban landscapes and is validated by quantifying the completeness of the OSM features characterized, and the accuracy of its final output in 34 cities in North America. We portray its application as the basis for generating landscape variables for ecological analysis by using the OSM‐enhanced map to generate an urbanization index, and subsequently analyze the spatial occupancy of six mammals throughout Chicago, Illinois, USA. The OSM features characterized had high completeness values for impervious land cover classes (50%–100%). The final output, the OSM‐enhance map, provided an 89% accurate representation of the landscape at 30m resolution. The OSM‐derived urbanization index outperformed other global spatial data layers in the spatial occupancy analysis and concurred with previously seen local response trends, whereby lagomorphs and squirrels responded positively to urbanization, while skunks, raccoons, opossums, and deer responded negatively. This study provides a roadmap for ecologists to leverage the fine resolution of open‐source geographic databases and apply it to spatial modeling by generating research‐specific landscape variables. As our occupancy results show, using context‐specific maps can improve modeling outputs and reduce uncertainty, especially when trying to understand anthropogenic impacts on wildlife populations.
Efficacy of add‐on Cenobamate treatment in refractory epilepsy due to Rasmussen's encephalitis
Authors: Schulze‐Bonhage Andres , Steinhoff Bernhard , Garcés Mercedes , Hirsch Martin , Villanueva Vicente 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess antiseizure effects of cenobamate, a new antiseizure medication with at least two mechanisms of action, in the rare, highly pharmacoresistant and progressive epilepsy syndrome related to Rasmussen's encephalitis.MethodsThree patients from the epilepsy centers in Freiburg, Kork, and Valencia are reported with focal epilepsy which had been pharmacoresistant to more than 10 prior treatment regimens. Assessment included at least 1 year of follow‐up after cenobamate introduction and included seizure frequency, seizure severity (in particular status epilepticus) and changes in co‐medication.ResultsIn the three patients, cenobamate add on treatment proved superior to all prior antiseizure and immunomodulatory treatments which had been individually applied. Not only were focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure completely controlled, but also focal motor status epilepticus no longer occurred. Co‐medication could be reduced in all patients.SignificanceThis case series in a rare and highly pharmacoresistant epilepsy syndrome suggests high efficacy of cenobamate add‐on treatment for seizure control. This may be a valuable information in epilepsy related to Rasmussen encephalitis and calls for further elucidation of the mechanism involved in superior seizure control also compared to prior treatments including sodium channel blockers and benzodiazepines.Plain Language SummaryRasmussen's encephalitis is a rare type of epilepsy that gets worse over time and doesn't respond well to most seizure medications. We describe three patients who tried many treatments without much success, but when they added cenobamate to their treatment, it worked better than the other medications. This also let them lower the overall amount of medication they were taking.
Detection of Rifampicin Resistance rpoB Gene Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Sharew Bekele , Berhan Ayenew , Almaw Andargachew , Erkihun Mulat , Tiruneh Tegenaw , Kiros Teklehaimanot , Solomon Yenealem , Wondmagegn Mitikie , Wondimu Etenesh , Teshager Abay , Bihonegn Simegnew , Tilahun Mihret , Getie Birhanu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and treatable disease leading to the second death globally. The evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), particularly rifampicin resistance (RR), has hampered TB control efforts. Thus, this study aimed to provide information regarding the magnitude of MTB and rifampicin resistance among patients tested using the GeneXpert method.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out at DTCSH. The study included TB registration logbook data from all patients who visited the hospital and were tested for MTB with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay from 2017 to 2024. The laboratory‐based data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Multilogistic regression analysis was employed, and a p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 12,981 patient results were included, of which 8.9% (1160/12,981) were MTB‐positive and 7.1% (82/1160) were RR. Individuals aged 15–29 years (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.55–2.93, p < 0.001), living in rural areas (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.08–1.41, p = 0.003), and HIV+ (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.48–2.33, p < 0.001) had a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. While RR was identified in 63.4% (52/82) of new, 24.4% (20/82) of re‐treated, and 12.2% (10/82) of failed presumptive TB patients.ConclusionIn this study, MTB and RR trends were high. Productive age groups, rural populations, and HIV patients were at risk. To lessen the burden of this contagious and fatal disease, it is recommended to increase early diagnosis of drug‐resistant TB and enhance infection control.
DNA metabarcoding reveals distinct bacterial and phytoplankton assemblages in the Agulhas Current and the adjacent coastal shelf
Authors: Gibb Ross‐Lynne A. , Botha Danielle K. L. , Venkatachalam Siddarthan , Bizani Mfundo , Bornman Thomas G. , Dorrington Rosemary A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Agulhas Current is a globally important western boundary current that influences numerous processes (e.g., upwelling, biogeochemical fluxes and distribution of marine taxa) in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The oceanographic processes of the Agulhas Current are well understood, but precisely how they influence coastal ecosystem productivity remains to be elucidated. In the present foundational study, we characterized the bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and phytoplankton (chloroplast 16S rRNA, rbcL, and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes) community structures of the Agulhas Current system using a metabarcoding approach. All four markers provided consistent data on the bacterial and phytoplankton communities in the Agulhas Current and coastal sites. The study revealed distinct, conserved communities and similar patterns of dominance by taxa adapted to oligotrophic conditions within the Agulhas Current, sampled 2 yr apart. By contrast, there was significant variability in taxonomic diversity and abundance of phytoplankton communities in the adjacent coastal waters that could be linked to localized upwelling. While the Agulhas Current bacterial and phytoplankton communities were diverse and represented many functional groups, the coastal sites were more diatom‐dominated and included genera typically associated with upwelling, for example, Thalassiosira spp. Based on their relative abundance profiles, phytoplankton communities were more responsive to environmental variability than bacteria and may therefore prove more useful in linking ecosystem dynamics to environmental variability in marine systems.
Prey morphotype and abundance controls plastid retention and bloom dynamics for a mixotrophic dinoflagellate
Authors: Ladds Megan , Sosik Heidi M. , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDinophysis is an obligate mixotroph that relies on consumption of the ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum, to grow and form harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, blooms of Dinophysis acuminata in two NY, USA, estuaries were studied over the course of 3 yr (2019–2021) using discrete samples and an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) to capture images of plankton 20–150 μm. The darkness of Dinophysis images on the IFCB was used to quantify the “fullness” or feeding state of Dinophysis cells. Culture experiments performed to ground truth this approach revealed a highly significant correlation (R = 0.98; p < 0.001) between the darkness of Dinophysis cells and the abundance of Mesodinium. With a quantitative scale developed to track the fullness of Dinophysis cells, ecosystem observations revealed the percentage of “full” Dinophysis cells increased during blooms of a large‐morphotype Mesodinium that preceded the initiation of Dinophysis blooms. A smaller morphotype Mesodinium appeared during Dinophysis bloom peaks suggesting they supported bloom maintenance. While the relative abundance of diatoms was elevated before Dinophysis blooms, other dinoflagellates and tintinnids increased in abundance during these HABs indicating they emerged within a consortium of heterotrophs and mixotrophs that may have collectively filled the same open niche as Dinophysis. This study reveals the manner in which different Mesodinium populations co‐bloom with Dinophysis to support plastid acquisition, bloom initiation, and bloom maintenance and contextualizes these changes within the larger plankton community succession associated with these HABs.
Bio‐Based Gradient Composites for 3D/4D Printing With Enhanced Mechanical, Shape Memory, and Flame‐Retardant Properties
Authors: Lalegani Dezaki Mohammadreza , Branfoot Callum , Baxendale Jon , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the 3D/4D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with natural particles from mussels PLA (MPLA) and wheat PLA (WPLA) using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The study employs functionally graded (FG) and multi‐material (MM) printing processes emphasizing biodegradable and bio‐derived materials. Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with various MM and FG combinations are printed and examined. The microstructure, mechanical properties, flammability, and shape memory characteristics of these SMPCs are evaluated. The findings demonstrate that incorporating mussel and wheat particles enhances the mechanical performance of PLA, with a reduced burning rate compared to pure PLA samples. A sandwich FG composite structure shows superior strength in compression, tensile, and three‐point bending tests, with WMWFG samples exhibiting a 106% increase in tensile strength compared to WPLA samples. The shape recovery and fixity of the 4D‐printed SMPCs are investigated and WPLA specimens reveal the highest shape recovery ratio of ≈ 93.3% ± 1%. These findings highlight the potential of 4D‐printed SMPCs for diverse applications, spanning shape morphing, human‐material interaction, and mechanical engineering. Additionally, the research contributes to sustainability by promoting reduced material consumption and waste generation, as demonstrated by creating reusable and lightweight objects such as miniature pots, cutlery, holders, grippers, and wrappers.
Using salicylic acid‐responsive promoters to drive the expression of jasmonic acid‐regulated genes enhances plant resistance to whiteflies
Authors: Wu He , Han Wen‐Hao , Liang Kai‐Lu , Wang Jun‐Xia , Zhang Feng‐Bin , Ji Shun‐Xia , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDJasmonic acid (JA) is an important phytohormone used to defend against herbivores, but it does not respond to whitefly feeding. Conversely, another phytohormone, salicylic acid (SA), is induced when plants are fed upon by whiteflies. JA has a better anti‐whitefly effect than SA; however, there is limited research on how to effectively improve plant resistance by utilizing the different responses of these phytohormones to whitefly feeding.RESULTSWe discovered that protease inhibitors 8 (PI8) and terpene synthase 10 (TPS10) located downstream of the JA‐regulated pathway in plants have anti‐whitefly effects, but these two genes were not induced by whitefly feeding. To identify whitefly‐inducible promoters, we compared the transcriptome data of tobacco fed upon by Bemisia tabaci with the control. We focused on pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes because they are known to be induced by SA. Among these PR genes, we found that expression levels of pathogenes‐related protein 1C‐like (PR1) and glucose endo‐1,3‐beta‐glucosidase (BGL) can be significantly induced by whitefly feeding and regulated by SA. We then engineered the whitefly‐inducible promoters of BGL and PR1 to drive the expression of PI8 and TPS10. We found that compared with control plants that did not induce the expression of PI8 or TPS10, transformed plants expressing PI8 or TPS10 under the PR1 or BGL promoter showed a significant increase in the expression levels of PI8 and TPS10 after whitefly infection, significantly improving their resistance to whiteflies.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that using SA‐inducible promoters as tools to drive the expression of JA‐regulated defense genes can enhance plant resistance to whiteflies. Our study provides a novel pathway for the enhancement of plant resistance against insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immune Evasion Mechanism of Neurotropic Viruses
Authors: Yan Yayun , Sun Yu , Guo Xinyuan , An Yuanchao , Chang Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe persistent challenge posed by viruses that infect the central nervous system lies in their sophisticated ability to evade the host immune system. This review explores into the complex mechanisms of immune evasion employed by these neurotropic viruses, focussing on their modulation of host immune responses, evasion of adaptive immunity, and the cellular and molecular strategies that enable their persistence. Key areas explored include viral latency and reactivation, the inhibition of apoptosis, and antigenic variation, with a detailed examination of viral proteins and their interactions with host cellular processes.
Multiscale Processes Drive Formation of Logjam Habitats and Use by Juvenile Chinook Salmon Across a Boreal Stream Network in Alaska
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Fox Jimmy , Henszey Robert , Lininger Katherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBoreal forest streams are characterized by large volumes of instream wood, yet the relationship between logjams and Pacific salmon productivity remains underqualified. We located logjams (n = 427) within the distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Chena River, Alaska (Yukon River tributary) and measured dimensions, classified formative process, and snorkel‐sampled a subset (n = 189) of logjams to detect and count juvenile salmon relative to multiscale variables and a dam. Logjam size increased downstream, whereas logjam density and large wood recruits declined (upstream = 6 logjams/km, 33 recruits/km; downstream = 0.3 logjams/km, 6 recruits/km), particularly below a dam that reduced downstream wood transport and log‐trapping locations (i.e., bars). Juvenile salmon occupied 68% of logjams; mid‐network logjams had the highest densities (mean = 0.85 fish/m2). We modeled juvenile salmon counts with logjam‐, stream reach‐, and neighborhood‐scale (> 1 km) predictors. Covariates that best predicted juvenile salmon densities included bankfull flow and stream power at reach scales in addition to growth potential, spawning habitat quality, and logjam area within 1 km of the focal logjam at neighborhood‐scales. Multiscale perspectives that link landscape characteristics, wood dynamics, and instream modifications with juvenile salmon production will be important to facilitate conservation and management of boreal streams.
Assessment of digital platforms for the quantification of co‐benefits in nature‐based solutions
Authors: Raji Mahdieh , Lazarus Beulah Evelyn , Nalakurthi Naga Venkata Sudha Rani , Tiwari Ananya , Gharbia Salem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe significance of Nature‐Based Solutions (NBSs) in addressing environmental and socioeconomic challenges is widely acknowledged, yet research on NBSs continues due to a limited understanding of their full benefits. This study addresses the existing gap by focusing on NBS co‐benefit valuation through digital platforms. These platforms support NBSs by assessing their effectiveness, contributing to SDGs, enabling data collection, analysis, and stakeholder engagement. The paper identifies platforms for co‐benefit quantification, encompassing public health, climate change, water management, air quality, biodiversity, soil management, and socioeconomic values. Some of these platforms, like InVEST, ARIES, and i‐Tree‐Eco offer multiple models to quantify various benefits of NBS. FreeStation is a platform to capture environmental data in a near real‐time‐basis, and Co$tingNature is a platform providing global data to estimate the contribution of nature to sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, most platforms focus on limited areas, so combining data from multiple platforms is necessary for holistic NBS co‐benefit quantification.
Comprehensive Studies: Biogenic Constructed Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Broad Spectrum Biomedical Applications
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Salodiya Reena , Tailor Giriraj , Sharma Tek Chand , Mehta Chesta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe exponential advancement of science and technology, especially within the realm of nanotechnology, has significantly expanded the applications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles across various industrial sectors, scientific domains, and research institutions. Nickel oxide nanoparticles, in particular, have garnered considerable interest due to their unique characteristics and versatile applications. This paper comprehensively reviews NiO NPs, emphasizing their biological synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and wide‐ranging biomedical applications. These applications include their efficacy against fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, anticancer properties, and potential as innovative therapeutic agents for numerous diseases. Our findings underscore the novelty of NiO NPs in enhancing therapeutic strategies and expanding their biomedical applications, paving the way for innovative medical interventions.The objective of this review is to elucidate a thorough overview of the current research landscape, highlight recent developments, and explore the potential future directions for NiO NPs.
Electrodeposition‐Grown Mixed‐Halide Inorganic Perovskite CsPbI3‐xBrx Nanowires for Nanolaser Applications
Authors: Ren Kuankuan , Xiang Yanhong , Dong Keqian , Yue Shizhong , Li Chunhe , Fang Zebo , Feng Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExploring new low‐cost and controllable synthesis methods for perovskite nanowires plays an important role in achieving their large‐scale applications. However, there have been no studies on the synthesis of cesium lead halide nanowires using the electrodeposition method. In this study, the single‐crystal mixed‐halide W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are first synthesized via a low‐cost and controllable electrodeposition method. The growth process of the W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires is observed in situ by using a metallurgical microscope. It is found that the W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are grown via the oriented attachment of B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanocubes. More importantly, the mixed‐halide W‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires can transform into single‐crystal B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires at a moderate annealing temperature. The obtained B‐CsPbI3‐xBrx nanowires are applied to nanolasers, and two lasing peaks are observed at 679 and 675 nm, with a threshold of 277.6 µJ cm−2. These results can promote the development of growth methods for perovskite nanomaterials, which can broaden the applicability of perovskite nanowires in integrated nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Films: Structure Design and Prospects
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Jingfeng , He Mukun , Li Shuai , Guo Hua , Kan Dongxiao , Qiu Hua , Chen Lixin , Gu Junwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe popularity of portable and wearable flexible electronic devices, coupled with the rapid advancements in military field, requires electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with lightweight, thin, and flexible characteristics, which are incomparable for traditional EMI shielding materials. The film materials can fulfill the above requirements, making them among the most promising EMI shielding materials for next‐generation electronic devices. Meticulously controlling structure of composite film materials while optimizing the electromagnetic parameters of the constructed components can effectively dissipate and transform electromagnetic wave energy. Herein, the review systematically outlines high‐performance EMI shielding composite films through structural design strategies, including homogeneous structure, layered structure, and porous structure. The attenuation mechanism of EMI shielding materials and the evaluation (Schelkunoff theory and calculation theory) of EMI shielding performance are introduced in detail. Moreover, the effect of structure attributes and electromagnetic properties of composite films on the EMI shielding performance is analyzed, while summarizing design criteria and elucidating the relevant EMI shielding mechanism. Finally, the future challenges and potential application prospects of EMI shielding composite films are prospected. This review provides crucial guidance for the construction of advanced EMI shielding films tailored for highly customized and personalized electronic devices in the future.