bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the scope for genetic rescue of an endangered butterfly: the case of the Eltham copper
Authors: Roitman Maria , Gardner Michael G. , New Timothy R. , Nguyen Thuy T. T. , Roycroft Emily J. , Sunnucks Paul , Yen Alan L. , Harrisson Katherine A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Genetic rescue is an under‐utilised conservation strategy used to boost the genetic diversity and/or fitness of small, isolated populations through the introduction of novel genes. Effective implementation of genetic rescue requires an understanding of the evolutionary history and genetic distinctiveness of populations.

The Eltham copper butterfly (ECB) is an endangered subspecies that exists as small, isolated populations across four disjunct regions in Victoria, Australia.

Mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data were used to assess the genetic distinctiveness of ECB from its nearest relative: the fiery dull copper butterfly (FDC), explore the evolutionary history and population structure of ECB across its contemporary distribution, and assess the scope for genetic rescue of the most‐threatened ECB population in Eltham‐Greensborough.

Findings support the current status of ECB and FDC as distinct evolutionary units, which should continue to be managed separately given current knowledge.

Modest population genetic structure across the range of ECB was detected. However, low levels of historical gene flow and shared haplotypes between Eltham‐Greensborough and the northern regions suggest relatively recent divergence.

Given relatively recent divergence, low population numbers and low genetic diversity, the population located in the Eltham‐Greensborough region is a strong candidate for genetic rescue.

Using established criteria, explicit recommendations are made for the implementation of genetic rescue via translocations. Genetic rescue, together with ongoing habitat management, should improve genetic diversity, fitness and persistence of the ECB in the region most threatened by urban disturbance.

Any risks associated with genetic rescue in conservation should be weighed against extinction risk as a result of inaction.
Graphene oxide/fluorhydroxyapatite composites with enhanced chemical stability, mechanical, and biological properties for dental applications
Authors: Shi Li , Bai Yu , Su Juan , Ma Wen , Jia Rui‐lin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel graphene oxide‐based fluorhydroxyapatite (GO/FHA) composite is prepared using an in situ chemical synthesis method. The mechanical properties, chemical stability, in vitro bioactivity, and antibacterial properties of the as‐synthesized GO/FHA composites with different GO amounts are reported. The result shows that the mechanical properties of the composites are strongly dependent on the adding amount of GO. The result of chemical stability indicates that the substitution of fluorine (F) into the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal has a positive effect on the dissolution resistance. The in vitro bioactivity assessment shows that the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation ability on GO/FHA composites are improved.
Transcription factor RBP‐J‐mediated signalling regulates basophil immunoregulatory function in mouse asthma model
Authors: Qu Shuo‐Yao , He Ya‐Long , Zhang Jian , Wu Chang‐gui 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBasophils (BA) play an important role in the promotion of aberrant T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses in asthma. It is not only the effective cell, but also modulates the initiation of Th2 immune responses. We earlier demonstrated that Notch signalling regulates the biological function of BAin vitro. However, whether this pathway plays the same role in vivo is not clear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Notch signalling on BA function in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Bone marrow BA were prepared by bone marrow cell culture in the presence of recombinant interleukin‐3 (rIL‐3; 300 pg/ml) for 7 days, followed by isolation of the CD49b+ microbeads. The recombination signal binding protein J (RBP‐J−/−) BA were co‐cultured with T cells, and the supernatant and the T‐cell subtypes were examined. The results indicated disruption of the capacity of BA for antigen presentation alongside an up‐regulation of the immunoregulatory function. This was possibly due to the low expression of OX40L in the RBP‐J−/− BA. Basophils were adoptively transferred to ovalbumin‐sensitized recipient mice, to establish an asthma model. Lung pathology, cytokine profiles of brobchoalveolar fluid, airway hyperactivity and the absolute number of Th1/Th2 cells in lungs were determined. Overall, our results indicate that the RBP‐J‐mediated Notch signalling is critical for BA‐dependent immunoregulation. Deficiency of RBP‐J influences the immunoregulatory functions of BA, which include activation of T cells and their differentiation into T helper cell subtypes. The Notch signalling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for BA‐based immunotherapy against asthma.
Suicide prevention in mental health services: A qualitative analysis of coroners’ reports
Authors: Manuel Jenni , Crowe Marie , Inder Maree , Henaghan Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSuicide is a major concern for mental health nurses because of its clear correlation with mental illness. In New Zealand, coroners investigate all deaths that appear to be a result of suicide, and provide reports to mental health services (MHS). The aim of the present study was to investigate coronial recommendations to MHS in relation to suicide prevention and to examine clinical and family responses to these. The present study was a three‐phase design: (i) analysis of coroners’ recommendations related to suicide in MHS; (ii) interviews with clinicians for their response to the recommendations; and (iii) interviews with individuals working with families of consumers of MHS for their responses in relation to family‐related recommendations. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the recommendations from coroners, the interviews with clinical leaders, and the focus group for family workers. Coroners recommended that MHS should implement suicide‐prevention strategies that would facilitate improved communication, risk containment, service delivery, and family involvement. Clinicians agreed with most recommendations, apart from those related to risk containment. Family workers endorsed the coronial perspective that family inclusion in MHS was suboptimal. Coroners, MHS, and mental health nurses need to consider the latest clinical evidence for suicide prevention. However, given the complexity of factors that influence suicide, it is important to be realistic about MHS role in preventing suicide, but ensure that MHS provide interventions for which there is evidence, including facilitating family participation and providing access to psychotherapies.
Pansteatitis in polluted Olifants River impoundments: nutritional perspectives on fish in a eutrophic lake, Lake Loskop, South Africa
Authors: Huchzermeyer K D A , Woodborne S , Osthoff G , Hugo A , Hoffman A C , Kaiser H , Steyl J C A , Myburgh J G 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study compares the aetiology of pansteatitis in Lake Loskop, relative to two other impoundments along the Olifants River. Macroscopic and microscopic pathology, age determination and analysis of stomach content, fatty acids and stable isotopes explain the high prevalence of pansteatitis in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and several other species in Lake Loskop. All the dietary indicator comparisons between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish fail to support a systemic cause. Pansteatitis in Lake Loskop was linked to size and weight of O. mossambicus, but not to ontogenic age. Fish in Lake Loskop showed abnormally high omega‐3 to omega‐6 fatty acid ratios normally only found in marine fish with no significant difference in degree of assimilation of these fatty acids between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish. This explains the vulnerability to, but not the occurrence of, pansteatitis. As a cause for the pansteatitis, these results point towards sporadic vitamin E‐depleting trigger events, known sporadic fish die‐off occurrences that provide surviving fish with a rich source of rancid fats on which to scavenge. The mechanism ties pansteatitis to eutrophication and trophic cascade effects, the intrinsic drivers of the disease and suggests an adaptive management strategy that might be applied by relevant conservation authorities.
Effects of combined pulsed electric fields and mild temperature pasteurization on microbial inactivation and physicochemical properties of cloudy red apple juice (Malus pumila Niedzwetzkyana (Dieck))
Authors: Katiyo Wendy , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe influence of combined pulsed electric fields (PEF) and mild temperature on the inactivation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspended in a novel cloudy red apple juice (Malus pumila Niedzwetzkyana (Dieck)) was investigated to define treatment conditions that meet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation for fruit juice pasteurization. There was significant microbial inactivation (p < .05) with increased experimental treatment conditions (electric field strength: 25–35 kV/cm, treatment time: 86–258 µs, post‐treatment temperature: 30–50 °C). The highest level of inactivation for E. coli, S. enteritidis, and S. cerevisiae was 5.21, 6.02, and 5.49 log reduction, respectively. PEF treatment at 35 kV/cm for 258 µs combined with heating at 50 °C was selected as pasteurization conditions. Pasteurization did not cause significant changes (p < .05) in pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, conductivity, and particle size of cloudy red apple juice, in comparison with conventional treatment.Practical applicationsRed‐fleshed apples are increasingly becoming a subject of interest in the fruit industry due to their remarkable anthocyanin content. However, mere identification or development of novel fruits is insufficient for the fruit juice industry to cater for consumer demand. There is need to combine this with novel processing technologies that ensure preservation of the desired unique quality attributes. This study indicated that combined PEF and mild heat can be successfully applied for the pasteurization of a novel cloudy red apple juice without significantly affecting important juice properties such as pH, acidity, conductivity, and particle size. This work provides a basis for new product development as numerous red‐fleshed apple cultivars are being developed and PEF technology is progressing toward industrial application.
Role of ethylene signalling in growth and systemic resistance induction by the plant growth‐promoting fungus Penicillium viridicatum in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hossain Md. Motaher , Sultana Farjana , Hyakumachi Mitsuro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe plant growth‐promoting fungi (PGPF) have long been known to improve plant growth and suppress plant diseases. The PGPF Penicillium viridicatum GP15‐1 elicited plant growth and induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst), leading to a restriction of pathogen growth and disease development. Examination of local and systemic genes indicated that GP15‐1 did not modulate the expression of any of the tested defence‐related marker genes involved in salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signalling pathways. Subsequent challenge of GP15‐1‐colonized plants with Pst bacterium primed Arabidopsis plants for enhanced activation of the JA‐inducible Atvsp (vegetative storage protein) gene at a later stage of infection. To assess the contribution of different signalling pathways in GP15‐1‐elicited plant growth and ISR, Arabidopsis genotypes implicated in SA signalling expressing the nahG transgene (NahG) or carrying disruption in NPR1 (npr1), JA signalling (jar1) and ethylene signalling (ein2) were tested. The GP15‐1‐induced plant growth and ISR were fully compromised in an ein2 mutation. Root colonization assay revealed that the inability of the ein2 mutant to express GP15‐1‐induced plant growth and ISR was not associated with reduced root colonization by GP15‐1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the ethylene signalling pathway is involved in plant growth promotion and ISR elicitation by the PGPF P. viridicatum GP15‐1 in Arabidopsis. These results provide evidence that ethylene signalling has a substantial role in plant growth and disease resistance.
Topological Structure Matching Measure between Two Graphs
Authors: Jiang Kai‐Zhong , Zheng Zhong‐Tuan , Li Lu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere have been a plethora of algorithms and techniques for the one‐to‐one correspondence matching between two small graphs at the element level. However, it is a daunting task for large graphs. It is necessary to design an aggregate statistical measurement to measure the degree of matching at the coarse grained level between two large graphs. This work presents a novel contribution with the proposal of an aggregate statistical measurement of the matching between two large networks at the macro topological structure level. In the viewpoint of strategic planning application, decision makers want to know whether the road infrastructure network meets the traffic flow network at the macro level rather than the micro level. The macro topological structure of the graph is described by a partition of all the vertices by the singular value decomposition based on the weighted vertex‐path incidence matrix. The topological structure matching measurement (TSMM) of the two graphs is defined as the degree of similarity between two partitions. As a case study, the TSMM is considered between the road network and the traffic flow network for Shanghai. The result is 0.2129, which shows that the two networks mismatch to a certain degree. This, agreeing with the current situation of the traffic congestion in Shanghai, suggests the improvement in the urban traffic.
Investigating niche partitioning of ectomycorrhizal fungi in specialized rooting zones of the monodominant leguminous tree Dicymbe corymbosa
Authors: Smith Matthew E. , Henkel Terry W. , Williams Gwendolyn C. , Aime M. Catherine , Fremier Alexander K. , Vilgalys Rytas 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Temperate ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi show segregation whereby some species dominate in organic layers and others favor mineral soils. Weak layering in tropical soils is hypothesized to decrease niche space and therefore reduce the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi.

The Neotropical ECM tree Dicymbe corymbosa forms monodominant stands and has a distinct physiognomy with vertical crown development, adventitious roots and massive root mounds, leading to multi‐stemmed trees with spatially segregated rooting environments: aerial litter caches, aerial decayed wood, organic root mounds and mineral soil. We hypothesized that these microhabitats host distinct fungal assemblages and therefore promote diversity.

To test our hypothesis, we sampled D. corymbosa ectomycorrhizal root tips from the four microhabitats and analyzed community composition based on pyrosequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcode markers.

Several dominant fungi were ubiquitous but analyses nonetheless suggested that communities in mineral soil samples were statistically distinct from communities in organic microhabitats. These data indicate that distinctive rooting zones of D. corymbosa contribute to spatial segregation of the fungal community and likely enhance fungal diversity.
Gene expression profiling of skeletal muscle after volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Nuutila Kristo , Sakthivel Dharaniya , Kruse Carla , Tran Peter , Giatsidis Giorgio , Sinha Indranil 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss (VML), usually occurring following traumatic injury, results in a composite loss of muscle mass. These injuries manifest as decreased strength and functional impairments. Clinically, these injuries often heal with fibrosis, as opposed to skeletal muscle regeneration. This study examines the healing patterns of a skeletal muscle following VML in a murine model. Eight‐week old male C57BL/6J mice used in the study underwent either bilateral VML injury or cryoinjury, a widely used model known to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. Skeletal muscle was harvested at 2 and 4 weeks following injury and subjected to histological analysis. H&E staining demonstrated skeletal muscle regeneration following cryoinjury, but not VML, at either timepoint post‐injury. Additionally, samples were analyzed using a wound‐healing PCR array to identify differentially regulated genes of interest in VML and cryoinjury, as compared to noninjured controls. The gene array data further demonstrated prolonged inflammation and increased pro‐fibrotic activity in the VML injured muscles, as compared to cryoinjury. In addition, IGF1, a known myogenic factor, was significantly decreased following VML, as compared to cryoinjury, in both ELISA and PCR. This study offers an insight into the pathophysiology of VML injury and reveals a gene profile of a nonregenerating skeletal muscle.
Subepidermal moisture detection of pressure induced tissue damage on the trunk: The pressure ulcer detection study outcomes
Authors: Bates‐Jensen Barbara M. , McCreath Heather E. , Patlan Anabel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe examined the relationship between subepidermal moisture measured using surface electrical capacitance and visual skin assessment of pressure ulcers at the trunk location (sacral, ischial tuberosities) in 417 nursing home residents residing in 19 facilities. Participants were on average older (mean age of 77 years), 58% were female, over half were ethnic minorities (29% African American, 12% Asian American, and 21% Hispanic), and at risk for pressure ulcers (mean score for Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk of 15.6). Concurrent visual assessments and subepidermal moisture were obtained at the sacrum and right and left ischium weekly for 16 weeks. Visual assessment was categorized as normal, erythema, stage 1 pressure ulcer, Deep Tissue Injury or stage 2+ pressure ulcer using the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel 2009 classification system. Incidence of any skin damage was 52%. Subepidermal moisture was measured with a dermal phase meter where higher readings indicate greater moisture (range: 0–70 tissue dielectric constant), with values increasing significantly with the presence of skin damage. Elevated subepidermal moisture values co‐occurred with concurrent skin damage in generalized multinomial logistic models (to control for repeated observations) at the sacrum, adjusting for age and risk. Higher subepidermal moisture values were associated with visual damage 1 week later using similar models. Threshold values for subepidermal moisture were compared to visual ratings to predict skin damage 1 week later. Subepidermal moisture of 39 tissue dielectric constant units predicted 41% of future skin damage while visual ratings predicted 27%. Thus, this method of detecting early skin damage holds promise for clinicians, especially as it is objective and equally valid for all groups of patients.
Oral hygiene in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pedersen Preben U. , Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth , Larsen Palle 
Published: May 2017

Scoping review objective:It is hypothesized that systematic oral hygiene may reduce airway infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Before considering doing a systematic review, a scoping review is necessary to explore and map literature on the subject and identify which interventions have been carried out, if there is relevant literature available for a systematic review, or if further research should be initiated.The objective of this scoping review is to comprehensively identify and describe qualitative or quantitative literature reporting of non-invasive interventions that have been carried out to improve oral hygiene and relieve and/or reduce respiratory tract infections, exacerbation and/or hospital readmission in patients with diagnosed with COPD. A further objective is to undertake a comprehensive search to identify qualitative literature reporting on the experiences of oral hygiene in people diagnosed with COPD and/or their relatives and/or healthcare providers (HCPs).Specifically, the scoping review questions are as follows:What non-invasive interventions have been carried out to improve oral hygiene in patients with COPD in any context?What have been reported on the experiences of patients, their relatives or their HCP in relation to oral hygiene in patients with COPD?
Is Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography a useful tool in a beginner’s hand? How much can a Computer Assisted Diagnosis prototype help in characterizing the malignancy of focal liver lesions?
Authors: Moga Tudor Voicu , Popescu Alina , Sporea Ioan , Danila Mirela , David Ciprian , Gui Vasile , Iacob Nicoleta , Miclaus Gratian , Sirli Roxana 
Published: May 2017

Aim: Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) improved the characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs), but is an operatordependent method. The goal of this paper was to test a computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) prototype and to see its benefit in assisting a beginner in the evaluation of FLLs.Material and method: Our cohort included 97 good quality CEUS videos[34% hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 12.3% hypervascular metastases (HiperM), 11.3% hypovascular metastases (HipoM), 24.7% hemangiomas (HMG), 17.5% focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)] that were used to develop a CAD prototype based on an algorithm that tested a binary decision based classifier. Two young medical doctors (1 year CEUS experience), two experts and the CAD prototype, reevaluated 50 FLLs CEUS videos (diagnosis of benign vs. malignant) first blinded to clinical data, in order to evaluate the diagnostic gap beginner vs. expert. Results: The CAD classifier managed a 75.2% overall (benign vs. malignant) correct classification rate. The overall classification rates for the evaluators, before and after clinical data were: first beginner-78%; 94%; second beginner-82%; 96%; first expert-94%; 100%; second expert-96%; 98%. For both beginners, the malignant vs. benign diagnosis significantly improved after knowing the clinical data (p=0.005; p=0,008). The expert was better than the beginner (p=0.04) and better than the CAD (p=0.001). CAD in addition to the beginner can reach the expert diagnosis. Conclusions: The most frequent lesions misdiagnosed at CEUS were FNH and HCC. The CAD prototype is a good comparing tool for a beginner operator that can be developed to assist the diagnosis. In order to increase the classification rate, the CAD system for FLL in CEUS must integrate the clinical data.
Poor human olfaction is a 19th-century myth
Authors: McGann John P. 
Published: May 2017

Humans have a good sense of smell
In comparison to that of other animals, the human sense of smell is widely
considered to be weak and underdeveloped. This is, however, an unproven
hypothesis. In a Review, McGann traces the origins of this false belief back to
comparative 19th-century neuroanatomical studies by Broca. A modern look at the
human olfactory bulb shows that it is rather large compared with those of rats
and mice, which are presumed to possess a superior sense of smell. In fact, the
number of olfactory bulb neurons across 24 mammalian species is comparatively
similar, with humans in the middle of the pack, and our sense of smell is
similar to that of other mammals.

Science
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