bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstracts from Other Journals 2
Authors: Gehani A. A. , Hammoudeh M. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Early detection and treatment of Hepatitis C can change the natural history of disease.
Aim: The primary aim of this study was to detect infection of hepatitis C using a rapid immunochromatographic assay in a community setting. The secondary aims included assessment of prevalence rate and disease characteristics; including liver function tests, viral load, grade and stage of disease on the liver biopsy.
Methods: Two cohorts of 4000 and 321 2 people (.004% of the population) were surveyed over a three week period each between December 2008 through August 2009. Qualitative detection of hepatitis C antibodies was done using a colloidal gold enhanced rapid immunochromatographic assay (Health Chem Diagnostics LLC, FL-USA).Viral load was calculated using RT PCR (Taqman) and those found positive underwent liver biopsy.28 and 33patients with proven chronic hepatitis C formed the controls for validation of the kit used in the first and the second cohort.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome:
Authors: Al Langawi M.H. , Ibrahim A.S. , Andrew C. , Ghiassi R. , Al Mohammed A.A. , Sattar H.A. 
Published: February 2016

To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea records were reviewed retrospectively of 88 patients at a European center (UK) during January-October 2005 and 198 patients at a Middle Eastern center (Qatar) from April 2002-April 2005. A greater percentage (83%) in the UK group had OSA (RDI-5 events/hr) compared to 55% in Qatar (p < 0.05). In both groups OSA was diagnosed more in males. Declared alcohol intake, smoking, insomnia, witnessed apnea and nocturia were associated significantly with OSA in the UK group (p < 0.05). BMI was significantly higher in the Qatar group (mean 34 kg/ m2) than the UK group (mean 31.2 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). The mean age, mean Epworth sleepiness score and associated vascular conditions were similar in both groups and hypertension was relatively common in both groups. It is concluded that obstructive sleep apnea in the West (UK) and the Middle East (Qatar) has similar risks and associations. That in the UK might arise from higher alcohol consumption and smoking of tobacco while mean BMI in Qatar is high although the exact contribution of these factors needs further evaluation.
Pattern of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Among Kurdish Children in Duhok City, Northern Iraq
Authors: Abdurrahman K.N. , Al Allawi N.A.S. , Muhsen A.A. 
Published: February 2016

Although it is a common malignancy, there is a lack of information about leukemias in Kurdish people. To evaluate the pattern of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among Kurdish children in Duhok city/ North of Iraq, and to compare it with available data from other countries, 83 cases were studied of acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration cytology, cytochemistry and immune-phenotyping between July 2006 and August 2010.
Data recorded included age, sex, area of residence whether rural or urban, socio-economic status, the presenting features and the initial peripheral blood and bone marrow findings. Ages ranged from 7 months to 14.5 years, the peak occurrence was between one and five years and the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Most patients were low socio-economic class (86.7%), and 68% were living in rural areas.
The most frequent presenting features were pallor (88%) and bleeding tendency (65%), and 25.2% of patients had a leukocyte count above 50,000 per cubic millimetre. L1 and L2 morphology was approximately equal (51.6% and 46.9%, respectively). The percentage of T-cell ALL was higher than the range reported in other countries. Conclusion: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an important health problem in Kurdistan region and its pattern differs in certain respects from that reported from different regions of the world though comparable in other aspects. The study recommends implementation of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for leukemias in the Kurdistan region.
Effect of Body Mass Index on IVF Procedure and Outcome
Authors: Al Marzooqi T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract Objective: The objective was to explore the body mass index (BMI) of women as related to the different parameters of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure and outcome.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study on 206 couples analyzed epidemiological features, characteristics of ovarian stimulation and number and quality of retrieved oocytes, as well as pregnancy outcome according to three groups of BMI values: 20>BMI, 28>BMI > 20 and BMI >28 kg/m2.

Results: The prevalence of underweight and overweight women was 15.5% and 41.3%, respectively. The mean ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone increased significantly according to BMI. An increase in the mean number of consummated gonadotropin ampoules together with a decrease in the number of collected oocytes was observed in long stimulation protocol cycles when BMI >28 kg/m2. The same observations were made in short stimulation protocol cycles for 20 > BMI and BMI > 28 kg/m2. No significant relationship could be between clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates and a patient status as underweight, normal weight, or overweight.

Conclusions: Both underweight and overweight have negative effects on IVF parameters and outcome leading to decreased chances of pregnancy.
The role of serum surfactant protein D as a biomarker of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zien Alaabden Alaa , Mohammad Yousser , Fahoum Sahar 
Published: February 2016

Background: The exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major factor for the high mortality associated with the disease. There is a paucity in the lung-specific biomarkers which diagnose these exacerbations. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a promising biomarker in predicting clinical outcomes for patients with COPD, is lung-specific and can be detected in serum. However, the profile in which serum concentrations of SP-D change during acute exacerbation is still unclear. This study aims to estimate and compare the concentrations of serum SP-D in patients with stable disease and during the exacerbation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted which composed of apparently healthy individuals (n = 28), which included 14 smokers and 14 nonsmokers, patients with stable COPD (n = 28), and patients experiencing acute exacerbations (n = 28). Pulmonary functions were performed for all groups. Serum SP-D concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These concentrations were compared by analysis of variance. Results: Serum SP-D levels were significantly elevated in patients with acute exacerbations (508.733 ± 102.813 ng/ml) compared to patients with stable COPD (337.916 ± 86.265 ng/ml) and healthy subjects (177.313 ± 46.998 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Serum SP-D levels correlated inversely with lung function parameters including FEV1%pred, FVC%pred and FEV1/FVC. Conclusion: Serum SP-D levels are raised early on during acute exacerbations of COPD, which could be a potential early diagnostic biomarker for COPD exacerbations.
Wetenschappelijke kennis over de aanpak van jeugdcriminaliteit in de transitie jeugdzorg: invalshoek of vergeethoek?
Authors: Vogelvang Bas 
Published: February 2016

Will scientific knowledge about tackling youth crime survive in the current decentralization of youth and family care?
Starting in 2015, Dutch municipalities will have complete administrative responsibility for all types of youth care on the continuum of preventive child education programs to youth probation and re-entry aftercare. In the process of this so called ‘youth care transition’, the use of available and valid scientific knowledge about effective reduction of juvenile crime (distilled from What Works, desistance focused studies and forensic pedagogy) seems to be suppressed by the administrative and procedural concerns that municipalities are now facing. In this article, these concerns are discussed and some solutions are presented.
‘Wat ik ervan vind; de stem van het kind’
Authors: van Heel Lisanne , Hofman Majse , Kooijman Mandy 
Published: February 2016

The voice of the child in civil legal procedures
Recent research by the National Children’s Ombudsman shows that minors are, or at least feel, insufficiently heard in civil legal procedures such as divorce and guardianship procedures. In response, a conference about the role of minors in the often complex civil litigation was organized at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam, on the 31st of May 2013. Based on the results of this conference, this article identifies both bottlenecks and potential areas for improvement in providing minors with a voice during legal procedures. The main improvement areas include the communication process with minors, child hearings and the appointment of the guardian ad litem and awareness of his role. Specifically, more attention should be paid to the communication between legal professionals and minors. In addition, consensus should be achieved between the courts and tribunals about children’s hearings. The most crucial improvement area is to change the name ‘child hearing’ into ‘conversation with children’. This modification will reduce the associations with criminal law.
Henry Stimson en het Neurenberg Tribunaal
Authors: Jettinghoff Alex 
Published: February 2016

Henry Stimson and the Nuremberg Tribunal
When the Allied victory over the Axis powers is becoming certain, American officials start making plans for the occupation of Germany. In the aftermath of the invasion in 1944, some of these plans are brought to the attention of the Secretary of the Treasury in Roosevelt’s war cabinet, Henry Morgenthau. These plans infuriate him, because he considers them too lenient on Germany, which in his opinion should be reduced to an agrarian economy after its Nazi leadership has been summarily executed. The President at first agrees with this line of action as do most of the members of his cabinet. The only one opposing these ideas is the Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, suggesting economic reconstruction and an international tribunal instead. His opposition seems in vain, when Roosevelt and Churchill publicly agree to this course of action towards Germany during a meeting in Quebec. But the ‘Morgenthau plan’ unravels when it is leaked to the press and it causes an uproar. Roosevelt fears for his re-election chances and hastily retreats. But he makes no decision on the issue and Stimson has to wait for his opportunity. It comes in the person of a new President: Harry Truman. He agrees to Stimson’s proposal for an international tribunal and this brings the United States on board of an allied majority for what is later to become the Nuremberg Tribunal.
Beate Sirota en de gelijkstelling van mannen en vrouwen in artikel 24 van de Japanse Grondwet in 1947
Authors: van den Berg Peter 
Published: February 2016

Beate Sirota and article 24 of the Japanese Constitution (1947): the Equality of Men and Women
Beate Sirota has been described as the ‘heroine of Japanese women’s rights’, because she contributed considerably to the inclusion of a forceful provision on the rights of women in the new Constitution of Japan as a member of the Government Section of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), headed by General Douglas MacArthur. Her role was serendipitous, because at first the Americans were not planning such a thorough revision of the Meiji Constitution (1890). Sirota was not a constitutional scholar, let alone an expert on the rights of women. She was hired only because she had spent her youth in Japan and spoke Japanese fluently. But once she got involved in the drafting of a new Constitution, her intimate knowledge of the position of women in Japanese society proved very useful. She proposed elaborate and detailed provisions on women’s rights in order to counter the expected resistance. This strategy turned out to be successful. Although Sirota was not substantially involved in the implementation of article 24, she returned to the United States in 1947. Since its introduction the provision has been a firm anchor for proponents of the emancipation of women in Japan.
Voor en na Mabo. Rechtsontwikkeling in Australië
Authors: Schreiner Agnes 
Published: February 2016

Before and After Mabo: On Legal Development in Australia
Important legal developments are often credited to court decisions. This contribution will firstly discuss the Australian High Court decision in the Mabo case as such. The legal implications of a decision are often emphasised, instead of the actual persons who started the case, as Dutch sociological research has shown. The article will secondly state that in the Mabo case the person Eddy Mabo and his Aboriginal companions were a lot more important. Not that one has to solely think of him and his clansmen as political activists who go to court to change the legal order. The analysis will show that Eddie Mabo c.s. represent a legal culture in its own right. That legal culture has a far much longer history than the two centuries of Anglo-Australian common law. Mabo came to the fore as someone who was entitled by Aboriginal law to bear witness of Aboriginal law. The fact that an Aboriginal actor as such is the pure actuality of law is hardly recognised by the Anglo-Australian legal culture.
Derkje Hazewinkel-Suringa: moed en middenweg
Authors: de Groot-van Leeuwen Leny 
Published: February 2016

Derkje Hazewinkel-Suringa: Compromise and Courage
Derkje Hazewinkel-Suringa entered law studies only after marriage and fulfilling about fifteen years of motherhood duty. Once at the university however, she rapidly became a student-researcher, delivered a PhD dissertation on ownership transfer and was appointed as the first female law professor in 1932, at the age of 42. Her professorship was in a remarkably different field, namely criminal law. Twenty years later she published the Introduction to the Study of Criminal Law, which would become the basis for criminal law teaching in the Netherlands for decades. A major reason behind this success was that the book, emphasizing active study of the law rather than passive reproduction, coincided with the general sprit of the post war era. Besides her scholarly work in which balance and synthesis were the major features, Hazewinkel-Suringa was a very outspoken actor in matters political. In 1936, when virtually the whole country was trying to accommodate the rise of fascism in the mighty neighbouring country, she became member of an anti-fascism committee. In 1938 she wrote a plea to the minister of Justice to allow entry of German-Jewish children into the country. During the German occupation (1940-1945) she proposed to close the university because of the dismissal of Jewish professors. She continued her protests against the social mainstream after the war, e.g. writing against the reintroduction of the death penalty (primarily focused on collaborators with the German regime). Hazewinkel-Suringa’s acts of individual courage could not make a difference in the overall political atmosphere of these times.
Papel do cirurgião-dentista nas visitas domiciliares: atenção em saúde bucal
Authors: Bizerril Davi Oliveira , Saldanha Kátia de Góis Holanda , Silva Joacy Parente da , Almeida Janaína Rocha de Sousa , Almeida Maria Eneide Leitão 
Published: February 2016

Este artigo relata a experiência de cirurgiões-dentistas que realizam visitas domiciliares como uma forma de garantir o acesso à saúde bucal de uma parcela da população incapacitada de chegar à Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Tem como objetivo identificar ações e atividades desenvolvidas pelo cirurgião-dentista nas visitas domiciliares. A experiência ocorreu em domicílios de usuários da Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde José Valdevino de Carvalho no Município de Fortaleza, capital do Ceará, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2013. As ações e atividades identificadas foram categorizadas nos níveis básicos de atenção à saúde: promoção, prevenção, investigação de lesões de tecidos moles e limitações de danos. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência das atividades de promoção e prevenção foi alta. A frequência de ações para investigar lesões de tecidos moles e de limitações de danos de problemas bucais pré-existentes foi baixa. Os dentistas realizaram 96 visitas domiciliares no propósito de oferecer uma cobertura total aos usuários incapacitados de locomoção. As ações e atividade de promoção em saúde basearam-se no estímulo à prática de hábitos saudáveis e orientações sobre tabagismo e alcoolismo. As ações de prevenção foram instrução de higiene oral, escovação supervisionada e aplicação tópica de flúor. As demais ações para limitar danos de problemas bucais já pré-existentes foram extrações de dentes com problemas periodontais. Desta maneira, o cirurgião-dentista nas visitas domiciliares assume um importante papel de facilitador para o bem-estar físico e social dos usuários impossibilitados de ir até uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Comparison of FT-NIR Spectroscopy and ELISA for Detection of Adulteration of Goat Cheeses with Cow’s Milk
Authors: Dvorak Lukas , Mlcek Jiri , Sustova Kvetoslava 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the ability of two methods to detect adulteration of goat cheeses via the addition of cow's milk, with a negligible effect on the raw materials. Cheeses were produced from a mixture of goat's and cow's milk and were then analyzed by Fourier transform near-IR (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and competitive ELISA. The cheese spectra were scanned in the spectroscope in reflectance mode on an integrating sphere at 80 scans and a resolution of 4 cm−1. The spectra were evaluated via discriminant analysis, and a calibration was created via a partial least-squares algorithm to quantify the cow's milk admixture. A correlation coefficient of R = 0.999 was reached with a standard error of calibration of 0.0407. The results were statistically processed to a median value via a t-test. Adulteration detection by the ELISA method was performed using a commercial Milk Fraud/Bovine ELISA kit. It was found that the FT-NIR spectroscopy method is capable of detecting an admixture of cow's milk in goat cheese as small as 1%. The ELISA method did not return satisfactory results for the detection of adulteration with cow's milk.
Les sources orales au coeur de l’exposition muséale. L’expérience du Centre d’histoire de Montréal
Authors: Charlebois Catherine , Leclerc Jean-François 
Published: January 2016

Depuis 2001, le CHM cherche à valoriser la mémoire collective et individuelle des Montréalais. Les deux plus récentes expositions temporaires produites par le CHM, à savoir Quartiers disparus et Scandale ! Vice, crime et moralité à Montréal, 1940-1960 ont été des occasions de collecter, de présenter, d’utiliser, de mettre en valeur et d’ajouter aux sources documentaires classiques des expositions, la source orale. L’objectif était de placer au premier plan les témoins des évènements et leurs récits, en les mettant en dialogue avec les sources écrites et les propos de spécialistes. Ces projets ont permis au CHM de développer une approche muséale de l’histoire orale.
Droits humains et conflits armés
Authors: Jeangène Vilmer Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2016

À première vue, il s’agit d’une chose et son contraire : la guerre est tellement le lieu par excellence de la violation des droits humains que leur relation semble se résumer à cet antagonisme primaire — l’un serait la négation de l’autre. La guerre viole les droits et les droits ont la paix, donc l’absence de guerre, comme condition de possibilité. Puis l’on se souvient que, contrairement aux apparences, la guerre n’est pas cet état de non-droit où tout est permis, mais un espace normé, codifié. Il est question des droits humains pendant la guerre — pour dénoncer leur violation, certes, mais la violation des règles n’est pas la preuve de leur absence — mais aussi avant la guerre, puisque certains conflits sont justifiés par la protection des droits des populations locales, ou en vertu d’un « droit de l’humanité » qui serait un intérêt à agir. Les relations entre droits humains et conflits armés sont résumées dans cet article en quatre parties : d’un point de vue historique, d’abord, où l’on montre leur réciprocité (le rôle de la guerre dans l’évolution des droits humains, et le rôle des droits humains dans l’évolution de la guerre). En reprenant la trilogie de l’éthique de la guerre ensuite : la guerre au nom des droits humains (jus ad bellum), les droits humains dans la guerre (jus in bello) et, en guise de conclusion, les droits humains après la guerre (jus post bellum).
Le « mauvais sujet » de l’aide humanitaire en Haïti : relance de l’imaginaire social
Authors: Corten André , Molina Vanessa 
Published: February 2016

Le séisme a fait s’imposer en Haïti l’ordre disciplinaire des organisations non gouvernementales. Tout en apportant de façon plus ou moins satisfaisante du secours aux populations de l’immense zone affectée, l’urgence humanitaire, épurant d’affects l’expression de la souffrance, est parvenue à atteindre la capacité collective d’imaginer de la société haïtienne. Cependant, ce n’est pas tout le monde qui a répondu à l’interpellation « Eh ! toi qu’on est venu aider ». L’objet de cet article est de voir, à travers la parole recueillie lors d’entrevues de terrain à Jacmel, à Léogâne et à Port-au-Prince en 2012 et 2013, comment la figure du « mauvais sujet » qui ne réagit pas à cette interpellation réactive l’imaginaire social. Le « mauvais sujet » n’est pas une catégorie sociologique. C’est plutôt un cliché auquel on associe une certaine connivence ou qu’on pointe du doigt. Colle à cette figure la réputation de « ne pas faire comme il faut », d’être à la limite de l’acceptable. En même temps, elle renvoie à une certaine fierté, une certaine débrouillardise ; on ne se voit pas comme un démuni. Cette fierté du « mauvais sujet » est une expression de la souffrance. Elle ne débouche pas nécessairement sur des protestations collectives, mais secoue l’imaginaire social.
Emission wavelength control of self-catalytic InP/GaInAs/InP core–multishell nanowire on InP substrate grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Ogino Takehiro , Asakura Keita , Takano Kohei , Waho Takao , Shimomura Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
InP nanowires and InP/GaInAs/InP core–multishell nanowires were successfully grown on an InP(111)B substrate by low-pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using an indium catalyst. The self-catalytic vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mode was used to obtain high-quality nanowires in which a deposited indium droplet acts as the catalyst instead of a metal particle, as in the case of the conventional VLS mode. InP core nanowire structures dependent on growth temperature and preheating temperature were obtained. InP/GaInAs/InP core–multishell nanowire structures, densities, and optical properties were investigated at various flow rates of trimethylindium (TMI) during the growth of InP core nanowires and the growth time of the GaInAs shell layer was also studied. The growth volume and density of nanowires were mainly dependent on growth temperature and preheating temperature, respectively. The height of nanowires was dependent on the TMI flow rate in the InP core nanowire growth, and the thickness of GaInAs shell layer was controlled by adjusting the growth time of the GaInAs shell layer. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity increased with increasing nanowire height and the peak wavelength was controlled by adjusting the thickness of the GaInAs shell layer.