bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plerixafor as preemptive strategy results in high success rates in autologous stem cell mobilization failure
Authors: Worel Nina , Fritsch Gerhard , Agis Hermine , Böhm Alexandra , Engelich Georg , Leitner Gerda C. , Geissler Klaus , Gleixner Karoline , Kalhs Peter , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Keil Felix , Kopetzky Gerhard , Mayr Viktor , Rabitsch Werner , Reisner Regina , Rosskopf Konrad , Ruckser Reinhard , Zoghlami Claudia , Zojer Niklas , Greinix Hildegard T 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPlerixafor in combination with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is approved for autologous stem cell mobilization in poor mobilizing patients with multiple myeloma or malignant lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of plerixafor in an immediate rescue approach, administrated subsequently to G‐CSF alone or chemotherapy and G‐CSF in patients at risk for mobilization failure. Eighty‐five patients mobilized with G‐CSF alone or chemotherapy were included. Primary endpoint was the efficacy of the immediate rescue approach of plerixafor to achieve ≥2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg for a single or ≥5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg for a double transplantation and potential differences between G‐CSF and chemotherapy‐based mobilization. Secondary objectives included comparison of stem cell graft composition including CD34+ cell and lymphocyte subsets with regard to the mobilization regimen applied. No significant adverse events were recorded. A median 3.9‐fold increase in CD34+ cells following plerixafor was observed, resulting in 97% patients achieving at least ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Significantly more differentiated granulocyte and monocyte forming myeloid progenitors were collected after chemomobilization whereas more CD19+ and natural killer cells were collected after G‐CSF. Fifty‐two patients underwent transplantation showing rapid and durable engraftment, irrespectively of the stem cell mobilization regimen used. The addition of plerixafor in an immediate rescue model is efficient and safe after both, G‐CSF and chemomobilization and results in extremely high success rates. Whether the differences in graft composition have a clinical impact on engraftment kinetics, immunologic recovery, and graft durability have to be analysed in larger prospective studies.
Current role of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration: from palliative to curative management for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Tsuchida Shinobu , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Wakahara Tomoyuki , Ashitani Hiroshi , Ueno Nozomi , Toyokawa Akihiro , Watanabe Akihiko , Sugahara Atsushi , Mukai Hidekazu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe present study assessed conservative management of acute cholecystitis (AC) with a focus on percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA).MethodsConsecutive 275 patients with AC who underwent PTGBA were reviewed. Patients aged ≥80 years and/or with American Society of Anesthesiologists score III to IV and/or performance status 3 to 4 were defined as high risk. Patients were classified according to duration from symptom onset to first PTGBA: within 3 days (early PTGBA) or over 3 days (late PTGBA). They were also classified according to duration from first PTGBA to surgery: within 30 days (early surgery) or over 30 days (late surgery).ResultsA total of 263 patients (95.6%) showed recovery after PTGBA. There were no significant differences in operating time, blood loss, operating procedure, conversion rate to open surgery, postoperative complications, or postoperative hospital stay between the early and late PTGBA groups or between the early and late surgery groups. No significant complications associated with PTGBA or surgery were observed, including in those at high risk.ConclusionsPercutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration can be a useful alternative for most patients with AC, including those at high risk. Elective cholecystectomy can be performed safely regardless of the timing of PTGBA or surgery.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome for the otolaryngologist
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. , Goodman Brent P. , Barrs David M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), including clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and current management models.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library were searched for articles available prior to October 30, 2015.MethodsReview of the available English‐language literature.ResultsPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome presentation is discussed, along with underlying associated physiology for POTS and recommended nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies.ConclusionPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome patients commonly present with complaints of postural lightheadedness, or dizziness, which can be associated with various other conditions. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment methods are available to improve the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder.Laryngoscope, 127:1195–1198, 2017
Neurochemical profile of the human cervical spinal cord determined by MRS
Authors: Hock Andreas , Wilm Bertram , Zandomeneghi Giorgia , Ampanozi Garyfalia , Franckenberg Sabine , Zoelch Niklaus , Wyss Patrik Oliver , De Zanche Nicola , Nordmeyer‐Maßner Jurek , Kraemer Thomas , Thali Michael , Ernst Matthias , Kollias Spyros , Henning Anke 
Published: August 2016

MRS enables insight into the chemical composition of central nervous system tissue. However, technical challenges degrade the data quality when applied to the human spinal cord. Therefore, to date detection of only the most prominent metabolite resonances has been reported in the healthy human spinal cord. The aim of this investigation is to provide an extended metabolic profile including neurotransmitters and antioxidants in addition to metabolites involved in the energy and membrane metabolism of the human cervical spinal cord in vivo.To achieve this, data quality was improved by using a custom‐made, cervical detector array together with constructive averaging of a high number of echo signals, which is enabled by the metabolite cycling technique at 3T. In addition, the improved spinal cord spectra were extensively cross‐validated, in vivo, post‐mortem in situ and ex vivo. Reliable identification of up to nine metabolites was achieved in group analyses for the first time. Distinct features of the spinal cord neurochemical profile, in comparison with the brain neurotransmission system, include decreased concentrations of the sum of glutamate and glutamate and increased concentrations of aspartate, γ‐amino‐butyric acid, scyllo‐inositol and the sum of myo‐inositol and glycine.
A separation method of transmission delays and data packet dropouts from a lumped input delay in the stability problem of networked control systems
Authors: Shao Hanyong , Han Qing‐Long , Zhao Jianrong , Zhang Dan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a separation method of a transmission delay and data packet dropouts from a lumped input delay in the stability problem of a networked control system, where both the transmission delay and the data packet dropouts are involved. By modeling data packet dropouts as sampling processes and the transmission delay as a state delay, the networked control system is represented as a sampled‐data system with aperiodic sampling and a state delay. In order to separate the state delay and the sampling, the sampled‐data system is transformed into a new system with an integral operator, where the sampling is embedded into the integral operator. By investigating the integral operator's gain and passivity, a novel Lyapunov functional is constructed to address the stability problem. The obtained stability results are dependent on both the data packet dropouts and the time delay. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate that the stability results are less conservative than some existing ones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quiescence Preconditioned Human Multipotent Stromal Cells Adopt a Metabolic Profile Favorable for Enhanced Survival under Ischemia
Authors: Moya Adrien , Larochette Nathanaël , Paquet Joseph , Deschepper Mickael , Bensidhoum Morad , Izzo Valentina , Kroemer Guido , Petite Hervé , Logeart-Avramoglou Delphine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A major impediment to the development of therapies with mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSC) is the poor survival and engraftment of MSCs at the site of injury. We hypothesized that lowering the energetic demand of MSCs by driving them into a quiescent state would enhance their survival under ischemic conditions. Human MSCs (hMSCs) were induced into quiescence by serum deprivation (SD) for 48 hours. Such preconditioned cells (SD-hMSCs) exhibited reduced nucleotide and protein syntheses compared to unpreconditioned hMSCs. SD-hMSCs sustained their viability and their ATP levels upon exposure to severe, continuous, near-anoxia (0.1% O2) and total glucose depletion for up to 14 consecutive days in vitro, as they maintained their hMSC multipotential capabilities upon reperfusion. Most importantly, SD-hMSCs showed enhanced viability in vivo for the first week postimplantation in mice. Quiescence preconditioning modified the energy-metabolic profile of hMSCs: it suppressed energy-sensing mTOR signaling, stimulated autophagy, promoted a shift in bioenergetic metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and upregulated the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, such as PEPCK. Since the presence of pyruvate in cell culture media was critical for SD-hMSC survival under ischemic conditions, we speculate that these cells may utilize some steps of gluconeogenesis to overcome metabolic stress. These findings support that SD preconditioning causes a protective metabolic adaptation that might be taken advantage of to improve hMSC survival in ischemic environments.
Investigations on the punching shear behaviour of eccentrically loaded footings
Authors: Wieneke Katrin , Kueres Dominik , Siburg Carsten , Hegger Josef 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe punching shear design provisions according to various codes have been derived from the results of tests conducted on centrically loaded flat slabs. The application of these provisions for footings and ground slabs might lead to inconsistent results since more compact dimensions and soil‐structure interaction lead to higher punching shear capacities. In this context, Eurocode 2 introduced a new design equation for column bases, which was derived from the evaluation of test results from centrically loaded footings.Since centrically loaded footings represent an exception in practice, Eurocode 2 and ACI 318‐14 consider load eccentricities by increasing the applied load, while the fib Model Code 2010 proposes a reduced length of the control perimeter to determine the punching shear resistance. The different approaches were derived from the evaluation of tests on eccentrically loaded flat slabs and have not been verified for footings yet.Theoretical and experimental investigations on the punching shear behaviour of eccentrically loaded footings indicate a reduction of the multi‐axial stress state along the column face with increasing load eccentricity. Based on punching tests on eccentrically loaded footings described in literature, non‐linear finite‐element simulations were performed and subsequently the influence of load eccentricities on the punching shear behaviour was examined in parametric studies. In this article, the results of the numerical simulations are presented and compared to experimental results and various code provisions.
Power allocation in wireless asynchronous localization networks
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Jiaxiang , Li Chuanying , Xu Hongguang , Molisch Andreas F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWireless localization systems based on determination of signal runtime, such as time of arrival and time difference of arrival, are of great importance for a variety of applications. In many cases, synchronization of the clocks of the agent nodes to those of the network nodes (anchors) has to be performed together with the localization. The current paper investigates the fundamental accuracy limits of such a joint localization/synchronization. In particular, we analyze the impact of allocating power to the different anchor nodes and optimize this power allocation to maximize accuracy. Optimal trade‐offs between localization and synchronization can be drawn according to the presented frameworks. Simulation results confirm the importance of proper power allocation; known special cases (time difference of arrival localization, localization with already‐synchronized clocks) are recovered from our general solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Analgesia for Patients After Abdominal Operations: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cheng Minhua , Shi Jialiang , Gao Tao , Shen Juanhong , Zhao Chenyan , Xi Fengchan , Li Weiqin , Li Qiurong , Yu Wenkui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain and anxiety are two common factors influencing patient’s recovery. Benefits and safety in the use of sedative agents after abdominal operations to improve recovery are not well known. The present study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine use in this population.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled trial of 145 patients undergoing abdominal operations was conducted in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Jinling Hospital between October and December 2015. Thirty‐two patients were excluded, and 113 were included and divided into the experimental group (59 patients) receiving dexmedetomidine and analgesics for 72 h after abdominal operations, and the control group (54 patients) receiving only analgesics. Postoperative pain, inflammatory response, recovery of gastrointestinal function, adverse events, and sedation level were analyzed.ResultsPain scores, assessed by Prince Henry Pain Scale (PHPS), in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group on the first (1.53 vs. 2.07, p ≤ 0.01), second (1.07 vs. 1.63, p ≤ 0.01), and third day (1.08 vs. 1.82, p = 0.01). Time to defecation was 0.60 days shorter in the experimental group than the control group (2.51 vs. 3.11, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between inflammatory responses in the two groups (p > 0.05). Both groups had similar blood pressure, heart rate, prevalence of bradycardia, and hypotension requiring interventions (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe addition of dexmedetomidine to analgesia after abdominal operations is safe and could enhance gastrointestinal function recovery and pain control when monitored carefully. The capacity of dexmedetomidine to attenuate inflammatory responses requires further investigation.
Mexican American adolescent couples' vulnerability for observed negativity and physical violence: Pregnancy and acculturation mismatch
Authors: Williams Lela Rankin , Rueda Heidi Adams 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStress and vulnerability for dating violence may be heightened among acculturating Mexican American (MA) adolescents, and MA adolescent parents, because of differing cultural values and norms within romantic relationships. We hypothesized, in a sample of MA heterosexual couples (N = 30, 15–17 years), that: 1) within‐couple level acculturation discrepancies, and pregnancy/parenting, would predict physical violence perpetration, and 2) that this association would have an indirect effect through couple‐level negativity during an observed dyadic video‐taped discussion of conflict. Using a path model we found that pregnant/parenting adolescents (B = .37, SE = .16, p = .002), and couples with greater acculturation mismatch resulted in greater couple negativity (B = .16, SE = .06, p = .01), which was associated with self‐reported physical violence perpetration (B = .41, SE = .22, p = .02; indirect effect, B = .15, SE = .07, p = .03). Within‐couple acculturation discrepancies and pregnancy/parenting may be a pathway to dating violence through poor communication skills around conflict for MA youth. Support services that strengthen communication skills, particularly for pregnant/parenting couples, are recommended.
Falling off the ladder: Using focal theory to understand and improve the educational experiences of young people in transition from public care
Authors: Hollingworth Katie , Jackson Sonia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTColeman's focal theory, developed in relation to adolescents in the general population, appears to offer some explanation for the poor educational achievement and social exclusion of care leavers, but has been little tested empirically. This paper revisits data from two studies of care‐experienced young people aged 18–25, drawing on qualitative interviews in the UK and four other European countries, to see if focal theory would have helped to predict their educational progression or otherwise. The lives of research participants were found to be characterised by disruptions and uncertainty, with multiple challenges confronting them in quick succession, making it hard for them to pace their transitions as, according to focal theory, other young people do. Findings suggest that the theory could be used to inform policy designed to improve educational outcomes and should be incorporated into training for those responsible for supporting care leavers through their transition to adulthood.
Suicidal ideation among single, pregnant adolescents: The role of sexual and religious knowledge, attitudes and practices
Authors: Chan L.F. , Mohamad Adam B. , Norazlin K.N. , Siti Haida M.I. , Lee V.Y. , Norazura A.W. , Ek Zakuan K. , Tan Susan M.K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPregnant adolescents are a high‐risk population for suicide. However, a knowledge gap still exists on how sexual and religious knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) influence suicidal ideation (SI) in teenage pregnancy. We aim to explore the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses, sociodemographic factors and KAP of sexual and religious issues as risk factors of SI among 114 pregnant Malaysian adolescents from 6 rehabilitation centers and a tertiary hospital. Single sexual partner was an independent predictor of SI, suggesting the role of less sexual experience as a risk factor for SI after controlling for major depression. Participants who were unsure versus those who agreed with the statement that most religions' viewed sex outside marriage as wrong had a lower risk of SI after controlling for major depression. Pregnant adolescents with a single sexual partner were significantly associated with current SI. Ambivalence towards religious prohibitions on premarital sex may protect against suicidal ideation.
The effects of parental mental health and social‐emotional coping on adolescent eating disorder attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Martinson Laura E. , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne , Blalock Dan V. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether social‐emotional coping skills moderate the association between parental mental health symptoms and adolescent disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents with internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms. Fifty‐nine adolescent‐parent dyads (N = 118 total participants) recruited from a metropolitan area in the Northeastern United States completed assessments at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up. Generally, higher parental depression and anxiety were only found to be associated with greater disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among adolescents who reported poorer (versus stronger) emotional awareness/expression skills and less (versus greater) ability to regulate emotions. Results may suggest that adolescents who lack the ability to effectively recognize, express, and manage negative emotions that arise in the context of a challenging home environment may be at greater risk for engaging in maladaptive coping behaviors, such as disordered eating. Thus, bolstering adolescent social‐emotional coping skills may help protect against adolescent disordered eating.
Evolution of adolescent fertility after decriminalization of abortion in Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Antón José‐Ignacio , Ferre Zuleika , Triunfo Patricia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the effect on adolescent fertility in Montevideo of the Uruguayan law on the voluntary termination of pregnancy that was passed in 2012.MethodsThe change in the number of births to teenage mothers between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed, along with their characteristics before and after decriminalization of abortion.ResultsDescriptive analysis of abortion before and after decriminalization showed that there was no reduction, during the period analyzed, in adolescent fertility, nor any changes in the distribution of births.ConclusionThe normative change brought about by the law on the voluntary termination of pregnancy was not associated with any substantial change in the reproductive behavior of adolescents in Montevideo. We recommend that this analysis is taken further with impact evaluation methodologies.
From risk and harm reduction to decriminalizing abortion: The Uruguayan model for women's rights
Authors: Briozzo Leonel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe public policies, social actions, particularly those of obstetricians/gynecologists, and changes in abortion‐related legislation in the different historical periods between 1990 and 2015, and to analyze temporal correlations with a reduction in maternal mortality.MethodsThe 1990–2015 period was divided into three different stages to permit evaluation of the legislation, health regulations, healthcare system, and professional practices related to the care provided in cases of unsafe abortion: 1990–2001, characterized by illegality and the healthcare system's denial of abortion; 2001–2012, when the model for reducing the risk and harm of unsafe abortions was developed; and 2012–2015, when abortion was finally decriminalized.ResultsChanges in public policies and expansion of the risk reduction model coincided with changes in the social perception of abortion and a decrease in maternal mortality and abortion rates, probably due to a set of public policies that led to the decriminalization of abortion in 2012.ConclusionChanges in public policies and health actions such as the model for reducing the risk and harm of unsafe abortions coincided with a marked reduction in abortion‐related maternal mortality. The challenges still to be faced include managing second trimester abortions, ensuring the creation of multidisciplinary teams, and offering postabortion contraception.
Overall and abortion‐related maternal mortality rates in Uruguay over the past 25 years and their association with policies and actions aimed at protecting women's rights
Authors: Briozzo Leonel , Gómez Ponce de León Rodolfo , Tomasso Giselle , Faúndes Anibal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in maternal mortality rates in Uruguay over the past 25 years, as well as their distribution by cause, and their temporal relationship with social changes and Human Development Index (HDI) indicators.MethodsData on maternal mortality obtained directly from the Uruguayan Ministry of Public Health for the 2001 to 2015 period were analyzed together with data from the United Nations Inter‐Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation for the 1990 to 2015 period. The swiftness of the decrease in maternal mortality per five‐year period, the variation in the percentage of abortion‐related deaths, and the correlation with HDI indicators were evaluated.ResultsMaternal mortality decreased significantly, basically due to a reduction in the number of deaths from unsafe abortion, which was the principal cause of maternal mortality in the 1990s. The reduction in maternal mortality over the past 10 years also coincides with a reduction in poverty and an improvement in the HDI.ConclusionA rapid reduction occurred in maternal mortality in Uruguay, particularly in maternal mortality resulting from unsafe abortion. This coincided with the application of a model for reducing the risk and harm of unsafe abortions, which finally led to the decriminalization of abortion.