bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hospital Resources and Imaging Choice for Appendicitis in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Fullerton Katherine , Depinet Holly , Iyer Sujit , Hall Matt , Herr Sandra , Morton Inge , Lee Timothy , Melzer‐Lange Marlene 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveAbdominal pain and concern for appendicitis are common chief complaints in patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED). Although many professional organizations recommend decreasing use of computed tomography (CT) and choosing ultrasound as first‐line imaging for pediatric appendicitis, significant variability persists in imaging utilization. This study investigated practice variation across children's hospitals in the diagnostic imaging evaluation of appendicitis and determined hospital‐level characteristics associated with the likelihood of ultrasound as the first imaging modality.MethodsThis was a multicenter (seven children's hospitals) retrospective investigation. Data from chart review of 160 consecutive patients aged 3–18 years diagnosed with appendicitis from each site were compared with a survey of site medical directors regarding hospital resource availability, usual practices, and departmental‐level demographics.ResultsIn the diagnostic evaluation of 1,090 children with appendicitis, CT scan was performed first for 22.4% of patients, with a range across PEDs of 3.1% to 83.8%. Ultrasound was performed for 54.0% of patients with a range of 2.5% to 96.9%. The only hospital‐level factor significantly associated with ultrasound as the first imaging modality was 24‐hour availability of in‐house ultrasound (odds ratio = 29.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–691.8).ConclusionAcross children's hospitals, significant practice variation exists regarding diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of patients with appendicitis. Variation in hospital‐level resources may impact the diagnostic evaluation of patients with appendicitis. Availability of 24‐hour in‐house ultrasound significantly increases the likelihood of ultrasound as first imaging and decreases CT scans. Hospitals aiming to increase the use of ultrasound should consider adding 24‐hour in‐house coverage.
The presence of vaginal Lactobacillus species does not contribute to a measureable difference in amniotic fluid lactate levels collected from the vaginal tract of laboring women
Authors: Hall Beverley , Wong Diana , Healy Clare , Tracy Mark B. , Tracy Sally K. , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionAmniotic fluid lactate research is based on the hypothesis that a relationship exists between fatigued uterine muscles and raised concentrations of the metabolite lactate, which is excreted into the amniotic fluid during labor. To assess potentially confounding effects of lactate‐producing organisms on amniotic fluid lactate measurements, we aimed to determine if the presence of vaginal Lactobacillus species was associated with elevated levels of amniotic fluid lactate, measured from the vaginal tract of women in labor.Material and methodsResults from this study contribute to a large prospective longitudinal study of amniotic fluid lactate at a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Amniotic fluid lactate measurement was assessed at the time of routine vaginal examination, after membranes had ruptured, using a hand‐held lactate meter StatStripXPress (Nova Biomedical). Vaginal swab samples were collected at the time of the first amniotic fluid lactate measurement and stored for later detection and quantification of Lactobacillus species using a TaqMan real‐time PCR assay. Swab sample and amniotic fluid lactate results were paired and analyzed.ResultsThe PCR assay detected Lactobacillus species in 48 of 388 (12%) vaginal swab specimens (8% positive, 4% low positive) collected from women in labor after membranes had ruptured. There was no significant difference in median and mean (respectively) amniotic fluid lactate levels with (8.35 mmol/L; 8.95 mmol/L) or without (8.5 mmol/L; 9.08 mmol/L) Lactobacillus species detected.ConclusionThere was no association between the presence or level of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the measurement of amniotic fluid lactate collected from the vaginal tract of women during labor.
Restoration of perivascular adipose tissue function in diet‐induced obese mice without changing bodyweight
Authors: Xia Ning , Weisenburger Sabrina , Koch Egon , Burkart Martin , Reifenberg Gisela , Förstermann Ulrich , Li Huige 
Published: January 2017

Background and PurposeWe have recently shown that a reduced function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes crucially to obesity‐induced vascular dysfunction in mice. The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that vascular dysfunction in obesity can be reversed by in vivo improvement of PVAT eNOS activity.Experimental ApproachMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 22 weeks to induce obesity. During the last 4 weeks of HFD feeding, the obese mice were treated p.o. with the standardized Crataegus extract WS® 1442, which has been shown previously to improve eNOS activity.Key ResultsDiet‐induced obesity in mice markedly reduced the vasodilator response of thoracic aorta to acetylcholine in wire myograph experiments. Strikingly, this vascular dysfunction was only evident in PVAT‐containing aorta but not in PVAT‐free aorta. In vivo treatment of obese mice with WS® 1442 had no effect on body weight or epididymal fat mass, but completely restored the vascular function of PVAT‐containing aorta. Feeding a HFD led to a reduced phosphorylation and an enhanced acetylation of PVAT eNOS, both effects were reversed by WS® 1442 treatment.Conclusion and ImplicationsPVAT plays a key role in vascular dysfunction in diet‐induced obese mice. Not obesity itself, but a PVAT dysfunction is responsible for obesity‐induced vascular disorders. Improving PVAT function by pharmacological means (e.g. with WS® 1442) can ameliorate vascular function even without reducing body weight or fat mass.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue – Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc
First trimester isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia: adverse maternal metabolic profile and impact on the obstetrical outcome
Authors: Furnica Raluca M. , Gruson Damien , Lazarus John H. , Maiter Dominique , Bernard Pierre , Daumerie Chantal 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundIsolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia (IH) is defined as low maternal FT4 (<5th percentile) and normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone. There is concern on its potential negative effects on the mother and offspring.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IH and to assess the consequences of hypothyroxinaemia on the maternal and foetal outcomes.Subjects and methodsFrom a total of 1300 consecutive pregnant women recruited during the prenatal screen (mean gestational age, 11·8 weeks), thyroid function parameters were assessed in 879 women. After exclusion of women with T4 supplements, with twin pregnancies and with diabetes, data from 783 women were included. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in 55 selected women with IH and negative thyroid auto‐antibodies without thyroid disorders or pregnancy achieved through assisted reproductive techniques were compared with a selected euthyroid control group (N = 165).ResultsAmong the 783 non diabetic singleton pregnant women, 68 women (8·7%) were identified with IH. When compared to the selected euthyroid controls, selected women with hypothyroxinaemia had significantly increased body mass index (BMI) in preconception (P = 0·003), in the first trimester (P = 0·004) and at the time of delivery (P = 0·001). At term, foetal breech presentation and caesarean section rate were significantly higher (P = 0·006 and P = 0·026, respectively) than in the euthyroid controls. A significant increase in macrosomia was also noted (P = 0·026).ConclusionThe prevalence of hypothyroxinaemia in early pregnancy was of 8·7%. IH is associated with an increased maternal BMI and is related with a risk of breech presentation, a significant increase in macrosomia and caesarean sections. Screening should consider overweight as risk factor for hypothyroxinaemia.
Digital vs. conventional full‐arch implant impressions: a comparative study
Authors: Amin Sarah , Weber Hans Peter , Finkelman Matthew , El Rafie Khaled , Kudara Yukio , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo test whether or not digital full‐arch implant impressions with two different intra‐oral scanners (CEREC Omnicam and True Definition) have the same accuracy as conventional ones. The hypothesis was that the splinted open‐tray impressions would be more accurate than digital full‐arch impressions.Material and methodsA stone master cast representing an edentulous mandible using five internal connection implant analogs (Straumann Bone Level RC, Basel, Switzerland) was fabricated. The three median implants were parallel to each other, the far left implant had 10°, and the far right had 15° distal angulation. A splinted open‐tray technique was used for the conventional polyether impressions (n = 10) for Group 1. Digital impressions (n = 10) were taken with two intra‐oral optical scanners (CEREC Omnicam and 3M True Definition) after connecting polymer scan bodies to the master cast for groups 2 and 3. Master cast and conventional impression test casts were digitized with a high‐resolution reference scanner (Activity 880 scanner; Smart Optics, Bochum, Germany) to obtain digital files. Standard tessellation language (STL) datasets from the three test groups of digital and conventional impressions were superimposed with the STL dataset from the master cast to assess the 3D deviations. Deviations were recorded as root‐mean‐square error. To compare the master cast with conventional and digital impressions at the implant level, Welch's F‐test was used together with Games–Howell post hoc test.ResultsGroup I had a mean value of 167.93 μm (SD 50.37); Group II (Omnicam) had a mean value of 46.41 μm (SD 7.34); Group III (True Definition) had a mean value of 19.32 μm (SD 2.77). Welch's F‐test was used together with the Games–Howell test for post hoc comparisons. Welch's F‐test showed a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.001). The Games–Howell test showed statistically significant 3D deviations for all three groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionFull‐arch digital implant impressions using True Definition scanner and Omnicam were significantly more accurate than the conventional impressions with the splinted open‐tray technique. Additionally, the digital impressions with the True Definition scanner had significantly less 3D deviations when compared with the Omnicam.
The metabolic syndrome and its components in pediatric survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bielorai Bella , Weintraub Yael , Hutt Daphna , Hemi Rina , Kanety Hannah , Modan‐Moses Dalit , Goldstein Gal , Hadar Dana , Lerner‐Geva Liat , Toren Amos , Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a known complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) that contributes to long‐term morbidity. We assessed the prevalence of components of the MetS in pediatric survivors of allogeneic HSCT and identified associated risk factors. Thirty‐eight patients, median age at HSCT, 8.5 years, were evaluated at a median of 3.9 years post‐HSCT. Overweight or obesity was seen in 23.7% of the patients, 15.8% had hypertension, 15.8% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 13% had low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels according to age and gender. Four (10.5%) met the criteria of MetS; all were transplanted for malignant disease. Twelve patients (31.6%) had at least one component of the MetS. The 5‐year probability of developing components of the MetS revealed that patients with BMI‐Z score ≥0 at HSCT were significantly at higher risk than those with lower BMI‐Z. Patients who developed components of the MetS had higher levels of insulin, homeostasis model assessment, uric acid, leptin, and lower adiponectin levels. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that BMI‐Z‐score >1.036 at time of evaluation was associated with 4.3‐fold increased risk (P=.050) and adiponectin levels ≤6 μg/mL were associated with 6.7‐fold increased risk of develop components of the MetS (P=.007). Overweight and obesity and adiponectin levels may be useful as markers in HSCT survivors.
Psychosocial aspects before and up to 2 years after heart or lung transplantation: Experience of patients and their next of kin
Authors: Ågren Susanna , Sjöberg Trygve , Ekmehag Björn , Wiborg Maj‐Britt , Ivarsson Bodil 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial factors are important for patients undergoing heart (HTx) or lung (LTx) transplantation and for their next of kin (NoK).AimTo describe health‐related quality of life (HRQoL; patients only), anxiety, depression, stress, coping ability, and burden (NoK only) for patients and their NoK before and up to 2 years after HTx or LTx.DesignAdult patients (28 hearts and 26 lungs) and their appointed NoK were surveyed with questionnaires about specific psychosocial topics when they were accepted for the transplantation waiting list and 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after transplantation.FindingsPatients’ coping ability and self‐perceived health were low at baseline and improved over time after transplantation. However, lung patients took longer time to recover in terms of HRQoL, depression, and stress than heart patients. Similarly, NoK of lung patients experienced a higher burden and more stress 1 year after transplantation than NoK of heart patients.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals should be aware of the psychosocial challenges patients and their NoK face in daily living and provide support both before and after heart or lung transplantation.
Forecasting potential routes for movement of endemic birds among important sites for biodiversity in the Albertine Rift under projected climate change
Authors: Bagchi Robert , Hole David G. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Collingham Yvonne C. , Fishpool Lincoln D. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Owiunji Isaiah , Mugabe Hamlet , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: December 2016

The ability of species to shift their distributions in response to climate change may be impeded by lack of suitable climate or habitat between species’ current and future ranges. We examined the potential for climate and forest cover to limit the movement of bird species among sites of biodiversity importance in the Albertine Rift, East Africa, a biodiversity hotspot. We forecasted future distributions of suitable climate for 12 Albertine Rift endemic bird species using species distribution models based on current climate data and projections of future climate. We used these forecasts alongside contemporary forest cover and natal dispersal estimates to project potential movement of species over time. We identified potentially important pathways for the bird species to move among 30 important bird and biodiversity areas (IBAs) that are both currently forested and projected to provide suitable climate over intervening time periods. We examined the relative constraints imposed by availability of suitable climate and forest cover on future movements.The analyses highlighted important pathways of potential dispersal lying along a north‐south axis through high elevation areas of the Albertine Rift. Both forest availability and climate suitability were projected to influence bird movement through these landscapes as they are affected by future climate change. Importantly, forest cover and areas projected to contain suitable climate in future were often dissociated in space, which could limit species’ responses to climate change. A lack of climatically suitable areas was a far greater impediment to projected movement among IBAs than insufficient forest cover. Although current forest cover appears sufficient to facilitate movement of bird species in this region, protecting the remaining forests in areas also projected to be climatically suitable for species to move through in the future should be a priority for adaptation management.
Simultaneous separation and determination of 15 organic UV filters in sunscreen cosmetics by HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Meng X. , Ma Q. , Bai H. , Wang Z. , Han C. , Wang C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveA comprehensive methodology for the simultaneous determination of 15 multiclass organic UV filters in sunscreen cosmetics was developed using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS).MethodsSunscreen cosmetics of various matrices, such as toning lotion, emulsion, cream and lipstick, were analysed. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) was utilized as the extraction technique for sample preparation. The 15 UV filters were chromatographically separated by two groups of mobile phase system on an XBridge C18 analytical column (150 × 2.1 mm I.D., 3.5 μm particle size) and quantified using HPLC–ESI‐MS/MS. The quantitation was performed using the external calibration method.ResultsThe established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, stability, intraday and interday precisions, recovery and matrix effect. The method was also applied for the determination of UV filters in commercial sunscreen cosmetics.ConclusionThe experimental results demonstrated that the developed method was accurate, rapid and sensitive and can be used for the analytical control of sunscreen cosmetics.
Sirtuin 6 attenuates periapical lesion propagation by modulating hypoxia‐induced chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 production in osteoblasts
Authors: Lee Y.‐L. , Lin S.‐K. , Hou K.‐L. , Kok S.‐H. , Lai E. H.‐H. , Wang H.‐W. , Chang J. Z.‐C. , Yang H. , Hong C.‐Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the attenuating effect of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) on hypoxia‐induced production of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) by osteoblasts and the relevance of this action on the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.MethodologySirtuin 6 was overexpressed in MC3T3‐E1 murine osteoblasts by lentivirus‐mediated gene transfer. The relationship between the antiglycolytic/antioxidative activities of SIRT6 and its effect on hypoxia‐induced CCL2 production were examined. Pathogenetic relevance of the actions of SIRT6 was assessed in a rat model of induced apical periodontitis. The data were analysed statistically using Student's t‐test or one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and then a Tukey's multiple comparison test.ResultsIn cultured murine osteoblasts, 24‐h hypoxic treatment significantly enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (P = 0.003), expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and production of lactate (P = 0.007). A reciprocal effect between hypoxia‐induced redox imbalance and hypoxia‐enhanced glycolysis was noted which in turn augmented the secretion of CCL2. Through its antiglycolytic and antioxidative effects, SIRT6 blocked the vicious cycle to suppress CCL2 production. In normal periapical tissues of rats, strong expression of SIRT6 and low levels of LDHA and 8‐OHdG (a marker of oxidative DNA damage) were found in osteoblasts. In induced apical periodontitis, osteoblastic expression of SIRT6 was significantly suppressed (P = 0.001) which was associated with significantly elevated levels of LDHA (P = 0.003) and 8‐OHdG (P = 0.004) and significantly enhanced recruitment of macrophages (P = 0.004).ConclusionsSirtuin 6 has a therapeutic effect on periapical lesions through suppression of CCL2 synthesis. The anti‐inflammatory action of SIRT6 is closely related to its regulatory activities in cellular metabolism and redox homoeostasis.
Physical and mental health inequalities between native and immigrant Swedes
Authors: Ranjbar Vania , Fornazar Robin , Ascher Henry , Ekberg‐Jansson Ann , Hensing Gunnel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo study health inequalities between native and immigrant Swedes, we investigated differences in self‐rated health (SRH), mental wellbeing (MW), common symptoms (CS), and persistent illness (PI), and if socioeconomic status (SES), negative status inconsistency, or social support could account for such differences. A secondary analysis was conducted on questionnaire data from a random adult population sample of 4,023 individuals and register data from Statistics Sweden. χ2 tests and binary logistic regressions were used to identify health differences and study these after accounting for explanatory variables. Compared with natives, immigrants more commonly reported negative status inconsistency, poorer SES, and poorer social support as well as poor SRH, very poor MW, and high level of CS but not PI. Significant differences were accounted for by work‐related factors and social support. We encourage future research to address how pre‐ and peri‐migration factors relate to immigrants’ post‐migration SES, social support, and health status.
Policy Implications

Given the relationship between work‐related factors (employment status, hours worked per week, and income) and all health outcomes in this study, labour market interventions that facilitate the integration of immigrants into the labour market, and into occupations that better correspond with their capacity, will arguably have public health benefits.

Feelings of loneliness was, in our study, important in accounting for immigrants’ poorer self‐rated health compared with natives’. Therefore, we endorse interventions that facilitate immigrants’ social networking and integration and thereby reduce feelings of loneliness.

Common physical and mental symptoms may be important indicators of health and we, thus, suggest these to be taken into account when developing ill‐health prevention programmes.
Isolation and high‐dimensional phenotyping of gastrointestinal immune cells
Authors: David Bruna A. , Rubino Stephen , Moreira Thais G. , Freitas‐Lopes Maria Alice , Araújo Alan M. , Paul Nicole E. , Rezende Rafael M. , Menezes Gustavo B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe gastrointestinal immune system plays a pivotal role in the host relationship with food antigens, the homeostatic microbiome and enteric pathogens. Here, we describe how to collect and process liver and intestinal samples to efficiently isolate and analyse resident immune cells. Furthermore, we describe a step‐by‐step methodology showing how to high‐dimensionally immunophenotype resident leucocytes using cytometry by time‐of‐flight, providing a well‐characterized antibody platform that allows the identification of every leucocyte subset simultaneously. This protocol also includes instructions to purify and cultivate primary murine hepatocytes, a powerful tool to assess basic cell biology and toxicology assays. Gut and liver samples from the same mouse can be collected, processed and stained in less than 6 hr. This protocol enables the recovery of several populations of purified and viable immune cells from solid and fibrous organs, preventing unwanted loss of adherent cells during isolation.