bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of crosses and different ages at slaughter on carcass characteristics and meat quality of goat kids
Authors: Firmino Salenilda Soares , Pereira Marília Williani Filgueira , Araújo Thiago Luis Alves Campos de , de Lima Renata Nayhara , de Lima Allison Ferreira , Leite Hélia Maria de Souza , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de , Lima Patrícia de Oliveira 
Published: October 2024

Context The fate of kids born in dairy goat production systems is a growing concern. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Saanen and Saanen × Boer goat kids slaughtered at 30 and 60 days of age. Methods We used 32 entire male goats, suckler and with access to solid food from 30 to 60 days, distributed in a completely randomised design, in a 2 (breed) × 2 (age at slaughter) factorial arrangement. We evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics, instrumental analyses of the Quadriceps femoral muscle, and consumer perception. Key results There was no interaction between breed and age of the goats (P > 0.05) on the initial and final liveweight, weight gain, cold carcass weight, hot carcass weight, and hot and cold carcass yields. However, age at slaughter influenced these variables (P < 0.05). The breed did not influence pH, meat colour, water-retention capacity, weight loss by cooking, or shear force (P > 0.05). However, shear force increased when goats were slaughtered at 60 days of age (P < 0.05). The muscle pH determined at 24 h after slaughter, and lipid oxidation, were lower in the meat of goats slaughtered at 60 days of age (P < 0.05), but did not differ between breeds. Higher consumer scores for flavour and appearance (P < 0.05) were attributed to the meat of crossbred animals in sensory analysis. Conclusions Slaughtering goat kids at 60 days of age (versus 30 days of age) is an alternative for improving some aspects of meat quality. We recommend crossing Saanen × Boer to increase consumer acceptance of meat. Implications This study is important for Saanen goat kids producers to understand that crossbreeding with the Boer breed improves carcass characteristics and meat acceptance by consumers.
Trends in the environmental impacts of the Australian pork industry
Authors: Wiedemann S. G. , Watson K. , Biggs L. , McGahan E. J. , Copley M. A. 
Published: October 2024

Context Over the past four decades, major changes have occurred in Australia’s pork industry, affecting productivity and environmental performance. Aims This study determined long-term changes in greenhouse gas and key resource use efficiency indicators. Methods Life cycle assessment was used to determine impacts at decadal intervals between 1980 and 2010, and are presented alongside results for 2020 and 2022. Key results Over 42 years since 1980, greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and direct land use change (dLUC), fell by 74% from 11.7 to 3.0 kg CO2-e/kg liveweight. Land use and dLUC emissions declined by 92%. Fossil energy use decreased from 35 to 13 MJ/kg liveweight between 1980 and 2022. Freshwater consumption and water stress fell from 506 L and 671 L H2O-e in 1980 to 52 L and 43 L H2O-e/kg liveweight in 2022, respectively. Land occupation decreased by 42% from 22 m2/kg liveweight in 1980 to 13 m2/kg liveweight in 2022. Over the analysis period, emissions per kilogram of liveweight fell by an average of 1.8% per year, land use and dLUC emissions by 2.2%, greenhouse gas including land use and dLUC emissions by 1.9%, fossil energy use by 1.5%, and freshwater consumption, stress, and land occupation by 2.1%, 2.2%, and 1%, respectively. Between 2010 and 2020, uptake of covered anaerobic ponds resulted in an annual rate of improvement in emissions (excl. land use and dLUC) of 2.9%, however, the rate of improvement fell to 1.4% between 2020 and 2022. Conclusions Long-term improvements were principally driven by improved herd productivity and feed production systems, and changes in housing and manure management. Herd and system efficiencies led to better feed conversion ratio, resulting in lower feed requirements, reduced manure production and lower feed wastage, which reduced manure greenhouse gas emissions. Concurrently, reduced tillage, higher yields, and a decrease in the proportion of irrigation water used for grain production resulted in lower impacts of feed grains. Implications Ongoing changes and improvements in production efficiency have resulted in large gains in environmental performance in the Australian pork industry but new strategies will also be needed to maintain these trends into the future.
Imposing order on a creative chaos
Authors: Byrman Ylva , Nord Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is uncontested that terminologists leading multi-professional terminology projects need a thorough knowledge of the principles and standards of terminology work. However, the softer skills involved in the work have gained less attention. In this paper, we apply interaction analysis to a multi-professional expert meeting led by a terminologist and highlight the communicative and interpersonal work he carries out. Our results show how the terminologist allows for a certain “creative chaos” and makes the team “feel good”, while still keeping epistemic quality under permanent scrutiny and never losing focus on the task at hand. He does this through flexible agenda management — sticking to his meeting agenda, but not rigidly, and allowing for and taking note of useful contributions, even if they come in the wrong phase. He also upholds a sufficient degree of conceptual rigour, by holding back premature decisions but not unnecessarily correcting the other’s erroneous use of meta-terminology.
A novel enhancing method for terahertz imaging of integrated circuits flaw detection
Authors: Liu Jingbo , Mao Qi , Yan Ling , Zeng Letian , Zou Yunhuai , Li Jingzhao , Li Youpeng , Luo Zijiang , Huang Zhaowen , Xiao Wengping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research paper addresses the current gap in understanding the intricate damage types within packaged integrated circuits (ICs). We introduce a novel and multiscale latent low-rank representation (M-LatLRR) methodology, meticulously tailored to enhance the quality of terahertz (THz) IC images and reveal latent features. By integrating THz imaging with our proposed M-LatLRR method, we aim to facilitate the precise identification of damage types within inside the packaged ICs. Firstly, the multiscale Gaussian functions are used to remove the blur and the components are obtained via averaging. Secondly, the image matrices are utilized to extract base matrices and detail matrices. With LatLRR, the multiscale detail matrices are extracted at several representation levels. The final enhanced image is reconstructed by average strategy for dealing with the detail and pre-enhancement parts. The M-LatLRR framework is universal and can be effectively applied to extract multi-level features of packaged IC images. In a comparative analysis, our method demonstrates superior capabilities in determining the failure types of fractured wire bonds, cracks, and delamination of the dielectric layer, outperforming alternative methodologies.
The development of undercut and bulge on a solidified surface
Authors: Pan G Y , Weng C H , Wei P S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study numerically investigates the development of undercuts and bulges parallel to the scanning direction on the surface solidified from a thermocapillary molten pool. The analysis considers various parameters, including power-off time, active solute concentration, beam power and radius, surface tension, liquid thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density. The formation and shapes of undercuts and bulges directly impact the yield, fatigue, fracture strength, and stress concentration in the solidified region. Unsteady two-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer, which drive surface deformation in metals containing surface-active solutes (e.g., iron with sulfur), are solved using COMSOL Multiphase version 5.6. The development of the undercut, bulge, and molten pool is identified in six stages, based on whether the peak temperature is below the melting temperature, between the melting and critical temperatures, or above the critical temperature during heating and power-off periods. The critical temperature, determined as a function of solute content and temperature, leads to inward surface flow in the undercut near the pool edge, while the bulge in the central region can form due to either inward or outward surface flow. The predicted undercut depth and bulge height align well with previous scaling analyses and experimental data from laser polishing. These findings are relevant to various processes, including welding, additive manufacturing, polishing, melting, and solidification.
Brain–body-task co-adaptation can improve autonomous learning and speed of bipedal walking
Authors: Urbina-Meléndez Darío , Azadjou Hesam , Valero-Cuevas Francisco J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inspired by animals that co-adapt their brain and body to interact with the environment, we present a tendon-driven and over-actuated (i.e. n joint, n+1 actuators) bipedal robot that (i) exploits its backdrivable mechanical properties to manage body-environment interactions without explicit control, and (ii) uses a simple 3-layer neural network to learn to walk after only 2 min of ‘natural’ motor babbling (i.e. an exploration strategy that is compatible with leg and task dynamics; akin to childsplay). This brain–body collaboration first learns to produce feet cyclical movements ‘in air’ and, without further tuning, can produce locomotion when the biped is lowered to be in slight contact with the ground. In contrast, training with 2 min of ‘naïve’ motor babbling (i.e. an exploration strategy that ignores leg task dynamics), does not produce consistent cyclical movements ‘in air’, and produces erratic movements and no locomotion when in slight contact with the ground. When further lowering the biped and making the desired leg trajectories reach 1 cm below ground (causing the desired-vs-obtained trajectories error to be unavoidable), cyclical movements based on either natural or naïve babbling presented almost equally persistent trends, and locomotion emerged with naïve babbling. Therefore, we show how continual learning of walking in unforeseen circumstances can be driven by continual physical adaptation rooted in the backdrivable properties of the plant and enhanced by exploration strategies that exploit plant dynamics. Our studies also demonstrate that the bio-inspired co-design and co-adaptations of limbs and control strategies can produce locomotion without explicit control of trajectory errors.
The Point of Knowledge … is to Make Good Decisions!
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the last decade or so, there has been a renewed interest in Edward Craig’s question why creatures like us in a world like ours have the concept of knowledge. What purpose does it serve? Craig famously proposed that the point of knowledge is to flag good informants. This proposal competes with more recent accounts according to which (a) knowledge marks the end of inquiry or (b) normally signals a threshold for “actionable” information. A common feature of all these accounts is that they relate knowledge in some way or other to decision-making. What if one were to put the link to decisions first? What if one assumed that the point of knowledge is to make good decisions?
Prescription Opioid Use and Risk of Depression and Worsening Mental Health
Authors: Scherrer Jeffrey F , Salas Joanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Depression is an established risk factor for adverse opioid outcomes. More recent evidence suggests a bidirectional association in that long-term prescription opioid use and frequent use are associated with increased risk for new-onset depression, and patients with depression are more likely to receive an opioid for non-cancer pain and to receive higher doses for longer periods of time. However, the evidence is mixed regarding a causal association between prescription opioid use and risk for new-onset depression. In this chapter, key methodological issues are covered to explain how studies can tease out the chronic pain–depression relationship to measure the link between long-term, frequent prescription opioid use and risk for depression. Many elements of causation have been met with existing studies but it is premature to conclude a causal relationship between opioid use and risk for depression. Providers should screen for depression before and during opioid therapy.
Opioid Taper and Complex Prescription Opioid Dependence
Authors: Lovejoy Travis I , Zaccari Belle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the phenomenon of complex persistent opioid dependence (CPOD) as a form of opioid dependence marked by hyperalgesia and hyperkatifeia symptoms. These symptoms create a double bind for prescribers attempting to support patients on ineffective or unsafe long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) because they contribute to failure of opioid maintenance yet worsen withdrawal symptoms during tapering, sometimes to the point of intolerability. This chapter describes how opponent process theory and the allostatic theory of drug seeking converge in patients with CPOD, leading to chronic negative mood states. The chapter includes the role of depression alongside opioid tapers in CPOD and reviews recommended components of treatment to enhance the likelihood of a successful taper, including antidepressant medication and interdisciplinary, multimodal treatment. Future research should seek to understand patient characteristics associated with those who will benefit from an opioid taper versus those at risk of negative outcomes.
Potential Role for Buprenorphine in the Management of Comorbid Depression Among People with Chronic Pain and Long-Term Opioid Therapy Dependence
Authors: Manhapra Ajay , Rosenheck Robert , Becker William C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Although buprenorphine is increasingly recognized as the preferred choice of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain because of its safety profile, it is also emerging as the treatment for ineffective LTOT and opioid taper, both of which are associated with worsening depression in addition to worsening pain. Buprenorphine utilization to treat both ineffective LTOT/taper is based on its ability to treat maladaptive opioid dependence, the likely etiological driver in such situations, because of its agonist action on mu opioid receptors (MOR) with stronger and longer duration of receptor affinity. The additional antidepressive effects mediated by its kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism of buprenorphine has led to clinical trials testing its utility as a therapeutic agent in depression. This combination of MOR agonism and KOR antagonism makes buprenorphine a possibly unique therapeutic agent when chronic pain, depression, and LTOT dependence coexist with poor outcomes.
Future Directions in Pain Management
Authors: Ballantyne Jane C , Sullivan Mark D , Scherrer Jeffrey F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Where do we go now? As we have discovered, pain and depression are inextricably linked, in ways that go beyond whether depression leads to pain or pain leads to depression. So we should now ask, How should we approach the treatment of these linked conditions, and what can we do to prevent their escalation into hopelessness? What more can future research tell us about these links and about the best ways to intervene and potentially prevent escalation? Are collaborative care models a necessary first step in managing pain with depression? Should we look outside the medical office walls for solutions? Will initiatives aimed at more equitable healthcare provision help? Might modern technology help fill gaps in pain and depression care provision? And, for the elephant in the room, the opioid problem, can these initiatives reduce the opioid prescribing that we now know rarely helps?
Tribalocracy: Tribal Wartime Social Order and Its Transformation in Southern Syria
Authors: al-Jabassini Abdullah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a new phenomenon in the study of civil war: tribal wartime social order. The proposed theory of tribalocracy, or tribal rule, integrates insights from civil war studies, anthropology, and sociology to provide a nuanced account of social order and its transformation in tribal warzones. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in the Hauran region in southern Syria, the proposed theory explains how endogenous rebel groups, seeking to maximize a wide range of benefits rendered by tribal shaykhs, refrain from establishing a new form of order. Instead, they co-opt, reassert, and operate under a pre-existing order in reserve. In so doing, rebels rule minimally, leaving most of the local affairs in the hands of civilian actors closely monitored by tribal shaykhs. Given the fluid and volatile nature of wartime order, the proposed theory offers a compelling explanatory framework to account for the transition in the forms of wartime social order from a civilian model to one dominated by rebels. The theory and empirical results expand our understanding of the localized and kinship-based forms of solidarity, the origins of rebel organizations, the source of wartime social order, civilian agency, and the roles played by tribal shaykhs under rebel rule.
Radiomics and Clinical Features for Distinguishing Kidney Stone–Associated Urinary Tract Infection: A Comprehensive Analysis of Machine Learning Classification
Authors: Lu Jianjuan , Zhu Kun , Yang Ning , Chen Qiang , Liu Lingrui , Liu Yanyan , Yang Yi , Li Jiabin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the abilities of radiomics and clinical feature models to distinguish kidney stone–associated urinary tract infections (KS-UTIs) using computed tomography.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a single-center dataset comprising computed tomography (CT) scans and corresponding clinical information from 461 patients with kidney stones. Radiomics features were extracted from CT images and underwent dimensionality reduction and selection. Multiple machine learning (Three types of shallow learning and four types of deep learning) algorithms were employed to construct radiomics and clinical models in this study. Performance evaluation and optimal model selection were done using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Delong test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzed clinical and radiomics features to identify significant variables and develop a clinical model. A combined model integrating radiomics and clinical features was established. Model performance was assessed by ROC curve analysis, clinical utility was evaluated through decision curve analysis, and the accuracy of the model was analyzed via calibration curve.

Results
Multilayer perceptron (MLP) showed higher classification accuracy than other classifiers (area under the curve (AUC) for radiomics model: train 0.96, test 0.94; AUC for clinical model: train 0.95, test 0.91. The combined radiomics-clinical model performed best (AUC for combined model: train 0.98, test 0.95). Decision curve and calibration curve analyses confirmed the model's clinical efficacy and calibration.

Conclusions
This study showed the effectiveness of combining radiomics and clinical features from CT scans to identify KS-UTIs. A combined model using MLP exhibited strong classification abilities.
Brassinosteroid signaling represses ZINC FINGER PROTEIN11 to regulate ovule development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Jiaxin , Shang Erlei , Hawar Amangul , Ito Toshiro , Sun Bo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and the C-class MADS-box gene AGAMOUS (AG) play important roles in ovule development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how BR signaling integrates with AG functions to control the female reproductive process remains elusive. Here, we showed that the regulatory role of BR signaling in proper ovule development is mediated by the transcriptional repressor gene ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 11 (ZFP11), which is a direct target of AG. ZFP11 expression initiates from the placenta upon AG induction and becomes prominent in the funiculus of ovule primordia. Plants harboring zfp11 mutations showed reduced placental length with decreased ovule numbers and some aborted ovules. During ovule development, the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), which functions downstream of BR signaling, inhibits ZFP11 expression in the chalaza and nucellus. Weakened BR signaling leads to stunted integuments in ovules, resulting from the direct repression of INNER NO OUTER (INO) and WUSCHEL (WUS) by extended ZFP11 expression in the chalaza and nucellus, respectively. In addition, the zfp11 mutant shows reduced sensitivity to BR biosynthesis inhibitors and can rescue outer integument defects in brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1) mutants. Thus, the precise spatial regulation of ZFP11, which is activated by AG in the placenta and suppressed by BR signaling in the central and distal regions of ovules, is essential for ensuring sufficient ovule numbers and proper ovule formation.
Foraging bee species differentially prioritize quantity and quality of floral rewards
Authors: Mokkapati Jaya Sravanthi , Hill Michael , Boyle Natalie K , Ouvrard Pierre , Sicard Adrien , Grozinger Christina M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pollinator–plant interactions represent a core mutualism that underpins biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems, and the loss of flowering plants is a major driver of pollinator declines. Bee attraction to flowers is mediated by both quantity of resources (the number of available flowers for exploration) and quality of resources (pollen nutritional value), but whether and how bees prioritize these factors is not well understood. Here, we leveraged a unique plant system to investigate the floral factors influencing bee foraging decisions. Recombinant inbred plant lines were generated by crossing the self-fertilizing Capsella rubella and the pollinator-dependent outcrosser C. grandiflora, to produce plants that varied across floral traits. Using enclosed arenas, we evaluated the foraging behavior of two solitary bee species, Osmia cornifrons and Megachile rotundata, to the isolated inflorescences from these lines. Visits from O. cornifrons were significantly positively correlated with the number of flowers, while M. rotundata visits were significantly positively associated with pollen nutrition, with a preference for plants with higher pollen protein-to-lipid content. Further experiments using artificial flowers confirmed that M. rotundata preferred flowers with higher protein:lipid ratios, while O. cornifrons visits were unaffected by nutrition. These studies demonstrate that, although both bee species collect pollen as their sole source of protein and lipids for themselves and/or their offspring, they differentially prioritize resource quantity (number of flowers) and quality (pollen nutritional content). These studies lay the groundwork for understanding how different foraging strategies evolved, and influence, plant–pollinator ecological networks.