bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemilihan Umum Menurut Hukum Islam
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin 
Published: March 2016

This article discuss the implementating general election in Islamic law, both the legislative elections, elections of regional heads and presidential elections. Indonesian elections in accordance with the mechanism of the western democracies, so that the election is the only way in choosing representatives and leaders. In the Islamic view of the elections is not the only way but one of the ways to choose a government or leader. Elections according to the Islamic view of the law may permissible, but must be in accordance with the implementation of sharia, not using a mechanical cause many western democracies not helpful.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2848
Asuransi Sosial Syariah bagi Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Muin Fatkhul , Mucharom Rully Syahrul 
Published: March 2016

The basic concept of the insurance is because people need protection against any incident that occurs in the community such as illness and natural disasters. The article 14 In Law No. 2 of 1992 on Insurance, that social insurance is a type of insurance to the implemented by the government for public welfare. The current population is Moslem Indonesia reached 80%, therefore, the Indonesian Muslim community needs the systema syariah social insurance. The system of syariah social insurance where there are 2 (two) products, where there are participants and savings accounts tabarru’ and as managers by the BUMN (state corporation) in law No. 2 of 1992 on Insurance.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2854
Penyelesaian sengketa Kepailitan Menurut Hukum Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Widjajati Erna 
Published: March 2016

Based UUPA No: 3 of 2006 related to its jurisdiction to examine cases of economic disputes sharia and based PERMA No.2 Year 2008 concerning Law Compilation of Islamic Economics was decided by the Supreme Court refers to the Law No: 27 of 2004 pointed to the Commercial Court. Though Religious of Court that have the authority dispute bankruptcy contains elements of Islamic economics, including Islamic banking. In Bankruptcy Decision No: 7/Pailit / 2011/PU. Commerce JKT PST strengthened MARI Decision No: 346 F/PDT.SUS/2011 did not consider the existence of PERMA No: 2 of 2008 on the specified Economics Law Compilation Supreme Court.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2855
Rechterlijk Dwaling dalam Tinjauan Fikih Jinayah dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Wahyuni Afidah 
Published: March 2016

This study shows that jinayah Islamic jurisprudence and criminal law determine how to overcome rechterlijk dwaling by conducting a review of the decision. There are same principals why both rechterlijk dwaling and jinayah Islamic jurisprudence exist. This comes weather from internal and external of the judge. Similarly, the effect and the legal consequences of rechterlijk dwaling, according to both criminal law and jinayah Islamic Jurisprudence.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2860
Kepastian Hukum Gadai Tanah dalam Hukum Islam di Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Jajuli M Sulaeman 
Published: March 2016

Mortgage practice in Indonesian society is universal sociological phenomenon and occurs in every place. It is conventional and carries out from generation to generation. For citizen of Bogor, the mortgage land has been done since long time ago. This goes without proof documents as legal certainty. Meanwhile, academically, legal certainty is a theory that has not been developed by Islamic jurists.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2866
Kritik Terhadap Epistemologi Fikih Murtad.
Authors: Kau Sofyan A.P , Sulaeman Zulkarnain 
Published: March 2016

This paper contains a critique to fiqh of apostasy which considers the action as a criminal offense to be sentenced to death. Reviewing the legal sources of fiqh using allegorical approach and historical evidence indicates that the action is a violation of the theological apostasy against God, and therefore only God who has a right to punish. In al-Qur’an, the type of punishment is non-physical punishment and will be executed in hereafter. The act of apostasy will be punishable by death if apostasy is in political arena and civil matter, which is followed by resistance and rebellion against legitimate political authority that interfere with public safety and official authority. Therefore, the provision of the punishment is handed over to the legitimate political institutions (ta’zir) to determine the appropriate punishment.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2895
Pelaksanaan Isbat Nikah di Pengadilan Agama Pandeglang
Authors: Sanusi Ahmad 
Published: March 2016

This study shows that the implementation of marriage stipulation in the Religious Pandeglang is similar to other religious courts, in accordance with the procedure of the legislation. Based on the data, isbat nikah in the Religious Court of Pandeglang has increased annually. In 2012, the number of isbat nikah amounted to 41 cases and in 2013 increased to 68 cases, then in 2014 became 135 cases. Isbat nikah established by the Religious Courts Pandeglang is a marriage that has already met the requirements of marriage but has not recorded yet because of poverty. Therefore, isbat nikah is free of charge.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2901
موقف الفقهاء فى اللفظ المشترك وأثره فى الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: Abbas Ahmad Sudirman 
Published: March 2016

Lafzh musytarak (ambiguous word) is one literary study to produce a certain law. Such as the word “al-lams” which means touch of skin in the explicit sense and sexual activity of husband and wife in implicit sense. As a result, it has different consequences. If the interpretion of “al-lams” is touch of skin, the person should repeat his wudu’ (ablution). If the interpretion of “al-lams” is sexual activity of a couple, they have to take junub bath to purify them from large hadats. These two meanings have deep arguments based on religious scripture and in-depth research on any related word in several literature. This activity also needs to consider logical and relevant situation and condition to perfectly implement Sharia values.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2903
Acute Otitis Media and Other Complications of Viral Respiratory Infection
Authors: Chonmaitree Tasnee , Trujillo Rocio , Jennings Kristofer , Alvarez-Fernandez Pedro , Patel Janak A. , Loeffelholz Michael J. , Nokso-Koivisto Johanna , Matalon Reuben , Pyles Richard B. , Miller Aaron L. , McCormick David P. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:
Viral upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URI, LRI) are common in infants. We determined the prevalence of viral URI and its complications, including acute otitis media (AOM) and LRI, and assessed the effect of bacterial-viral interactions, and genetic and environmental risks on AOM development.

METHODS:
Healthy infants were enrolled from near birth and followed to the first episode of AOM up to 12 months of age. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected at monthly intervals (months 1–6, 9) and during viral URI episodes for bacterial culture and viral polymerase chain reaction studies. Subjects were followed closely for AOM development.

RESULTS:
A total of 367 infants were followed for 286 child-years; 887 URI (305 infants) and 180 AOM episodes (143 infants) were documented. Prevalence of URI, LRI, and AOM in the first year was 3.2, 0.25, and 0.67 per child-year, respectively. Cumulative AOM incidence by ages 3, 6, and 12 months was 6%, 23%, and 46%. Infants with and without AOM had 4.7 and 2.3 URI episodes per child-year, respectively (P &lt; .002). Pathogenic bacterial colonization rates by month were significantly higher in infants with AOM (P &lt; .005). Breastfeeding reduced both URI and AOM risks (P &lt; .05). Significant bacterial-viral interactions occurred with Moraxella catarrhalis and a variety of respiratory viruses and altered URI and AOM risks.

CONCLUSIONS:
Almost half of infants experienced AOM by age 1. Important AOM risk factors included frequent viral URI, pathogenic bacterial colonization, and lack of breastfeeding. Bacterial-viral interactions may play a significant role in AOM pathogenesis and deserve further investigation.
Avaliação gravimétrica dos resíduos de serviços de saúde no município de Rondonópolis (MT) Brasil
Authors: Silva M. S. , Souza P. M. , Olinda R. A. , Santos D. A. S. , Oliveira R. X. 
Published: March 2016

<p>O resíduo de serviço de saúde (RSS) é resíduo proveniente de atividades exercidas em estabelecimentos diferenciados (seja biológico, químico, perfurocortantes e comum produzidos dentro desses locais), que vem aumentando diariamente e que exigem, na maioria das vezes, cuidados especiais desde sua geração a sua disposição final. Este estudo objetivou analisar o gerenciamento dos RSS a partir da avaliação gravimétrica de resíduos de uma instituição hospitalar de Rondonópolis (MT) Brasil. Como metodologia foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, quantitativa, observacional e longitudinal. Baseada nos Planos de Gerenciamento de RSS entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, foi possível fazer uma análise gravimétrica dos RSS por leito ocupado por dia, com os seguintes resultados: 1,57Kg em 2010; 1,70Kg em 2011; 1,57Kg em 2012; 1,86Kg em 2013 e 1,98Kg. (leito.ocupado.dia)-1 em 2014; com uma taxa média de 1,73Kg .(leito.ocupado.dia)-1 nos cinco anos analisados. Foram sugeridas propostas de melhoria para o gerenciamento de RSS, uma mudança de atitude com maior comprometimento dos profissionais envolvidos a fim de melhorar o atendimento à saúde da população, bem como a qualidade ambiental, através da redução de geração e segregação adequada dos resíduos.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Evaluation of gravimetric health services waste in Rondonópolis (MT) Brazil</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The health service residue (RSS) is residue from activities performed in different venues, which is increasing daily (Whether biological, chemical , sharps and common produced in these locations ) , and requiring, in most cases, special care from its generation to its final disposal. This study aimed to analyze the management of RSS from the gravimetric evaluation of waste from a hospital Rondonópolis (MT) Brazil. Methodology as exploratory, descriptive, quantitative, observational and longitudinal research was conducted. Based on the Plans RSS Management between the years 2010 and 2014, it was possible to gravimetric analysis by RSS occupied bed per day, with the following results: 1,57Kg in 2010; 1,70Kg in 2011; 1,57Kg in 2012; 1,86Kg in 2013 and 1,98Kg (occupied.bed.day)<sup>-1</sup> in 2014; with an average rate of 1,73Kg. (occupied.bed.day)<sup>-1</sup> in the five years analyzed. Improvement proposals were suggested for the RSS management, a change of attitude with greater commitment of the professionals involved in order to improve the health care of the population as well as environmental quality, by generating reduction and proper waste segregation.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Increased Periodontal Attachment Loss in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Pischon Nicole , Hoedke Daniela , Kurth Sven , Lee Paul , Dommisch Henrik , Steinbrecher Astrid , Pischon Tobias , Burmester Gerd R. , Buttgereit Frank , Detert Jacqueline , Riemekasten Gabriela 
Published: March 2016

Background: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and periodontitis share common pathogenetic characteristics, such as proinflammatory traits causative for tissue degradation and loss of function. The aim of the present case control study is to investigate the association between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and periodontitis.Methods: The association between SSc and periodontitis was examined in 58 SSc patients and 52 control patients, matched for age and sex. The periodontal examination included periodontal attachment loss (AL), probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). Potential risk factors of periodontitis were assessed through patients’ questionnaires.Results: In unadjusted analyses, patients with SSc had a significant 0.61 mm higher AL (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.97; P = 0.002) when compared with controls. In a stepwise logistic regression, including SSc status, age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, only SSc status, age, and sex remained significantly associated with periodontitis. Adjusted for age and sex, patients with SSc had a 0.52 mm higher AL compared with controls (95% CI 0.16 to 0.88; P = 0.005). The strength of the association of SSc with AL remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for PI (0.44 mm; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.86; P = 0.04) or GI (0.61 mm; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.97; P = 0.001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates higher AL in patients with SSc, which remained significant after adjustment. The study indicates a possible relationship between SSc and periodontitis.
Crop Management Affects the Performance of a Winter Pea–Wheat Intercrop
Authors: Pelzer Elise , Bazot Mathieu , Guichard Laurence , Jeuffroy Marie‐Hélène 
Published: March 2016

Cereal–legume intercropping systems may show improved agronomic and environmental performance over sole crops depending on the intercrop management. This study aimed at investigating the effect of sowing and fertilizer management on the performance of a winter pea (Pisum sativum L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercrop. A 2‐yr experiment was performed in Grignon, France. Intercrop management strategies varied in sowing proportion relative to the sowing density of sole crops (50:50, 66:33, and 50:70 for pea and wheat, respectively) and N fertilization (without N fertilization, conventionally fertilized, and overfertilized at different dates). Conventionally managed sole wheat and sole pea were used as controls. The total grain yield, wheat yield proportion at harvest, yield components, N efficiency, grain protein concentration, residual soil mineral N after harvest, and land equivalent ratios (LER) were compared. The fertilized 50:50 intercrop was a good compromise between production (yields and wheat protein concentration), N efficiency, and limited residual soil N. The unfertilized 50:50 intercrop had the lowest grain yields and wheat protein concentration. An early overfertilization increased the proportion of wheat yield at harvest, whereas a late overfertilization increased the wheat grain protein concentration. Increasing the proportion of pea at sowing was a good way to produce more pea yield. Increasing the sown wheat proportion with N fertilization led to a higher proportion of wheat yield at harvest but did not improve the wheat grain protein concentration. These results indicate that agronomic management markedly impacts intercrop performance, and management practices can be adjusted to meet farmers’ production targets.

Sowing rate and N fertilization impacts the agronomic performances of a pea–wheat intercrop.
Intercrop management has to be adapted to the farmer's production targets.
Conventionally managed intercrop is a compromise between production and environmental impacts.
Overfertilization may increase wheat production and protein concentration.
Producing more pea implies increasing pea proportion at sowing and decreasing N fertilization.
Analyzing Management‐Induced Dynamics of Soluble Organic Matter Composition in Soils from Long‐Term Field Experiments
Authors: Ellerbrock R.H. , Gerke H.H. 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
Changes in soil OM composition found with FTIR could be related to sorption properties.
CEC of pyrophosphate‐soluble OM increased for long‐term farmyard manure applications.
CEC decreased for mineral N applications relative to unfertilized treatments.
Soil organic matter (SOM) can be affected by adopted soil management options. However, it is unclear how mineral and organic fertilization could change the amount and composition of SOM. The objective of this study was to test the applicability of infrared spectroscopy for analyzing management‐induced impacts on organic matter (OM) composition. Ap horizon samples were collected from the long term‐field experiments at Bad Lauchstädt (loam), Groß Kreutz, and Müncheberg (both loamy sand) in plots fertilized with farmyard manure (FYM), farmyard manure plus mineral N (FYM + N), and mineral N only (N) and an unfertilized control plot. The SOM and hot‐water‐soluble and pyrophosphate‐soluble (OM‐PY) organic matter fractions were analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The OM composition was evaluated in terms of the ratio between absorption band intensities in FTIR. The soluble OM fractions of FYM had larger C=O/C–O–C ratios than the N and control treatments. While the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of OM‐PY from FYM was larger, it was smaller for the N plots than the control at all sites. The results allowed identification of fertilization‐induced long‐term dynamics in (i) the OM composition and (ii) the CEC and the potential wettability of SOM and OM fractions. The OM‐PY fraction could be used to identify and characterize the long‐term changes in OM composition. For a more quantitative analysis, however, more replicate samples and a seasonal differentiation would be required to separate between shorter and longer term changes.
Impact of Water Table Fluctuations on the Concentration of Borehole Gas from NAPL Sources in the Vadose Zone
Authors: Joun Won-Tak , Lee Seong-Sun , Koh Youn-Eun , Lee Kang-Kun 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
Field borehole TCE gas concentration responded to water table fluctuations.
Laboratory and numerical tests were performed to analyze the response patterns.
Borehole gas data can be used for identification of contamination sources.
Dense non‐aqueous‐phase liquids (DNAPLs), such as trichloroethylene (TCE), adversely affect groundwater quality because they are difficult to remove from the subsurface environment. Trichloroethylene is volatile, and TCE gas can diffuse into a borehole to change the borehole gas concentration. Thus, borehole TCE gas monitoring can provide information on the presence of a TCE source. In this study, borehole gas extraction tests were conducted at a field site contaminated by TCE and its daughter products. Temporal changes in borehole gas concentrations appeared to be closely related to changes in the level of the water table. Laboratory experiments were performed to demonstrate that changes in gas concentrations were due to water table fluctuation at boreholes located near residual TCE point sources. Three source configurations for the borehole TCE gas migration, generated from either DNAPL, TCE, or dissolved TCE, were used to design two‐dimensional sand tank experiments. Under fluctuating water table conditions, DNAPL TCE sources in the unsaturated zone produced slow response times but high and long‐lasting gas concentrations. In contrast, dissolved TCE sources produced relatively weak gas concentrations characterized by a peak, quickly followed by decreasing gas concentration curves. The Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases (STOMP) simulator was used to simulate breakthrough curves under fluctuating water table conditions. The results of the sand tank experiments and numerical simulations both suggest that a fluctuating water table is a significant factor in determining borehole gas concentrations. The results also show that the combination of borehole gas and groundwater monitoring has an important role in field applications because the changing pattern of borehole gas concentrations can be used to understand characteristics of the presence of DNAPL sources, whether these remained only in the unsaturated zone or were also dissolved in groundwater.
Dual receptors blocked mechanism arbitrates smooth muscles relaxant effect of <i>Polypodium vulgare</i>
Authors: Naz Syeda Batool , Chaudhry Mueen Ahmad , Rahaman Shafeeq Ur 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The study was aimed to validate the traditional uses of <em>Polypodium vulgare</em> in disorders associated with smooth muscle contraction and to describe its possible underlying mechanism(s) by using <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experimental techniques. Rhizome’s extract of <em>P. vulgare</em> reversed the high K<sup>+ </sup>(80 mM) and carbachol (1 µM) mediated contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum (5 and 10 mg/mL), trachea (5 and 10 mg/mL) and urinary bladder (3 and 10 mg/mL), with higher potency against carbachol than high K<sup>+</sup>, similar to dicyclomine. A rightward shift in carbachol cumulative response curves was observed in the presence of crude extract (1-3 mg/mL), similar to dicyclomine. Crude extract exhibited a dose-dependent (300-500 mg/kg) protective effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Presence of dual blacked mechanism behind the smooth muscles relaxant effect of the crude extract, unveil medicinal significance of <em>P. vulgare</em> in GIT, respiratory and urinary bladder disorders.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://youtube.com/v/Ya9Rhtlg3bE">Tissue preparation</a>: 3 min 5 sec</p><p> </p>
ODYSSEY: A PUBLIC GPU-BASED CODE FOR GENERAL RELATIVISTIC RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN KERR SPACETIME
Authors: Pu Hung-Yi , Yun Kiyun , Younsi Ziri , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
General relativistic radiative transfer calculations coupled with the calculation of geodesics in the Kerr spacetime are an essential tool for determining the images, spectra, and light curves from matter in the vicinity of black holes. Such studies are especially important for ongoing and upcoming millimeter/submillimeter very long baseline interferometry observations of the supermassive black holes at the centers of Sgr A* and M87. To this end we introduce Odyssey, a graphics processing unit (GPU) based code for ray tracing and radiative transfer in the Kerr spacetime. On a single GPU, the performance of Odyssey can exceed 1 ns per photon, per Runge–Kutta integration step. Odyssey is publicly available, fast, accurate, and flexible enough to be modified to suit the specific needs of new users. Along with a Graphical User Interface powered by a video-accelerated display architecture, we also present an educational software tool, Odyssey_Edu, for showing in real time how null geodesics around a Kerr black hole vary as a function of black hole spin and angle of incidence onto the black hole.
DREAMING OF ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Waldmann I. P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Here, we introduce the RobERt (Robotic Exoplanet Recognition) algorithm for the classification of exoplanetary emission spectra. Spectral retrieval of exoplanetary atmospheres frequently requires the preselection of molecular/atomic opacities to be defined by the user. In the era of open-source, automated, and self-sufficient retrieval algorithms, manual input should be avoided. User dependent input could, in worst-case scenarios, lead to incomplete models and biases in the retrieval. The RobERt algorithm is based on deep-belief neural (DBN) networks trained to accurately recognize molecular signatures for a wide range of planets, atmospheric thermal profiles, and compositions. Reconstructions of the learned features, also referred to as the “dreams” of the network, indicate good convergence and an accurate representation of molecular features in the DBN. Using these deep neural networks, we work toward retrieval algorithms that themselves understand the nature of the observed spectra, are able to learn from current and past data, and make sensible qualitative preselections of atmospheric opacities to be used for the quantitative stage of the retrieval process.