bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐free fault‐tolerant control approach for uncertain state‐constrained linear systems with actuator faults
Authors: Xie Chun‐Hua , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control problem for state‐constrained continuous‐time linear systems with parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults including stuck, outage, and loss of effectiveness. It is assumed that the knowledge of the system matrices, as well as the upper bounds of the disturbances and faults, is unknown. By incorporating a barrier‐function like term into the Lyapunov function design, a novel model‐free fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed in a parameter‐dependent form, and the state constraint requirements are guaranteed. The time‐varying parameters are adjusted online based on an adaptive method to prevent the states from violating the constraints and compensate automatically the uncertainties, disturbances, and actuator faults. The time‐invariant parameters solved by using data‐based policy iteration algorithm are introduced for helping to stabilize the system. Furthermore, it is shown that the states converge asymptotically to zero without transgression of the constraints and all signals in the resulting closed‐loop system are uniformly bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Ruthenium Complex‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of Halodiynes with Nitriles. Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐Halopyridines
Authors: Bednářová Eva , Colacino Evelina , Lamaty Frédéric , Kotora Martin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMonohalo‐ and dihalodiynes efficiently undergo [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization with nitriles in the presence of a catalytic amount of the ruthenium complex Cp*RuCl(cod) (10 mol%) to afford the corresponding halopyridines under ambient conditions in good isolated yields (up to 90%). The halopyridines are formed as two separable regioisomers. This is the first example of a direct synthesis of halopyridines from haloalkynes and nitriles.magnified image
CH Bond Arylation of Diamondoids Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Acetate
Authors: Larrosa Marta , Heiles Sven , Becker Jonathan , Spengler Bernhard , Hrdina Radim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe have developed an effective approach to 1,2‐disubstituted diamondoids by palladium(II) acetate catalyzed functionalization of CH bond. Selective mono‐arylation of the adamantane framework was achieved using picolylamide as a directing group in yields up to 87 %. Kinetic studies in combination with deuterium labeling experiments, competitive experiments and mass spectrometry contribute to the mechanistic understanding of the arylation process of alkanes with number of CH bonds neighboring the directing group. Triflic anhydride promoted cyclization of the directing group generates imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives. Acid‐mediated removal of the directing group provides access to 2‐aryl diamondoid carboxylic acids, which are common precursors for the synthesis of various bioactive compounds (drug candidates).magnified image
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [5+2] Cycloaddition of 3‐Acyloxy‐1,4‐enyne with Alkene or Allene
Authors: Song Wangze , Lynch John C. , Shu Xing‐zhong , Tang Weiping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe recently developed a completely new type of Rh‐catalyzed [5+2] cycloaddition by using 3‐acyloxy‐1,4‐enyne (ACE) as the 5‐carbon building block. In this update, we show that ACE can undergo intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition with either an alkene or an allene in the presence of an appropriate rhodium catalyst and ligands to afford bicyclic compounds with multiple stereogenic centers. In most cases, cis‐fused bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienes are prepared highly diastereoselectively.magnified image
Uranyl Ion Sorption Characteristics of Novel Polymer/Montmorillonite/Carboxymethyl Cellulose‐Composite Biosorbent‐Based AAm/AMPS Hydrogels and Semi‐IPNs
Authors: Karadağ Erdener , Nalbantoğlu Aylİn , Kundakcı Semİha , Üzüm Ömer Barış 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this report, uranyl ion sorption performance from aqueous solutions has been investigated by highly swollen novel polymer/clay‐composite biosorbent‐based acrylamide (AAm)/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) hydrogels and semi‐IPNs composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or montmorillonite (MMT). For this, AAm/AMPS hydrogels with CMC and/or MMT were prepared by free radical polymerization in an aqueous solution of monomers, CMC and MMT using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N',N'‐tetramethylethylenediamine as a redox‐initiating pair in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate as a cross‐linker. Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25°C, gravimetrically. Some swelling kinetic and diffusion parameters were calculated. Water diffusion was found to be non‐Fickian in character. The sorption performance of uranyl ions into the hydrogels was studied by a spectrophotometric method at 25°C. Sorption capacity, removal efficiency, and partition coefficient of the hydrogels were investigated. Removal efficiency was changed within a range of 20.52–67.68%.
Patterns of directional asymmetry in the pelvis and pelvic canal
Authors: Tobolsky Victoria A. , Kurki Helen K. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe human pelvis is unique among modern taxa for supporting both parturition of large brained young and obligate bipedalism. Though much work has focused on pelvic development and variation, little work has explored the presence or absence of asymmetry in the pelvis despite well‐known patterns of asymmetry in other skeletal regions. This study investigated whether patterns of directional asymmetry (DA) could be observed in the pelvis or pelvic canal.MethodsSeventeen bilaterally paired osteometric measurements of the os coxae (34 measures in total) were taken from 128 skeletons (female n = 65, male n = 63) from recent human populations in five geographic regions. Paired sample t‐tests and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to investigate DA.ResultsResults from a pooled sample of all individuals showed that the pelvis exhibited a left‐bias in DA. In contrast, the pelvic canal exhibited a pattern in which the anterior canal exhibited a right‐bias and the posterior canal exhibited a left‐bias. Neither sex nor populational differences in DA were observed in the pelvis or pelvic canal.ConclusionsThe varying patterns of asymmetry uncovered here accord with prior work and may indicate that loading from the trunk and legs place differing stresses on the pelvis and canal, yielding these unequal asymmetries. However, this is speculative and the possible influence of genetics, biomechanics, and nutritional status on the development of pelvic and canal asymmetries presents a rich area for future study. Additionally, the potential influence of pelvic canal asymmetry on obstetric measures of pelvic capacity merits future research. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:804–810, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canine and incisor microwear in pitheciids and Ateles reflects documented patterns of tooth use
Authors: Delezene Lucas K. , Teaford Mark F. , Ungar Peter S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesPlatyrrhine species differ in the extent to and the manner in which they use their incisors and canines during food ingestion. For example, Ateles uses its anterior teeth to process mechanically nondemanding soft fruits, while the sclerocarp‐harvesting pitheciids rely extensively on these teeth to acquire and process more demanding foods. Pitheciids themselves vary in anterior tooth use, with the pitheciines (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) noted to use their robust canines in a variety of ways to predate seeds, while Callicebus, which rarely predates seeds, uses its incisors and exceptionally short canines to scrape tough mesocarp from fruits. To investigate the relationship between tooth use and dental wear, microwear textures were investigated for the anterior teeth of these five genera of platyrrhine primates.MethodsUsing a white light confocal microscope, 12 microwear texture attributes that reflect feature size, anisotropy, density, and complexity were recorded from high‐resolution epoxy casts of the incisors and canines of adult wild‐collected Brazilian specimens of Ateles, Callicebus, Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia.ResultsPitheciine canines tend to have deep microwear features and complex, anisotropic microwear textures, while Ateles anterior teeth tend to have very small features, low feature density, and less complex and anisotropic surfaces. Callicebus incisor and canine microwear is generally intermediate in size and complexity between those extremes.ConclusionsThese findings align with expectations from reported field observations of tooth use and illustrate the potential for using microwear texture analysis to infer patterns of anterior tooth use in extinct primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:6–25, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and CysLTR2) in the lymphocytes of hyperplastic tonsils: comparison between allergic and nonallergic snoring children
Authors: Paulucci Bruno Peres , Pereira Juliana , Picciarelli Patricia , Levy Debora , Di Francesco Renata Cantisani 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and CysLTR2) are involved in allergic processes and play a role in adenotonsillar hyperplasia (AH). Clinically, only CysLTR1 may be blocked by montelukast. Our objective was to compare the expression of CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 in the B and T cells of hyperplasic tonsils of sensitized (SE) and control (NS) snoring children.MethodsSixty children, 5 to 10 years of age, referred for adenotonsillectomy, were divided into SE and NS groups, according to their responses to the skin‐prick test. Cells from the removed tissues were stained for CysLTR1, CysLTR2, CD19, and CD3 and counted via flow cytometry. messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the CysLTRs genes was measured real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR).ResultsThe SE group showed reduced expression of the small CD3+/CysLTR1+ lymphocytes (4.6 ± 2.2 vs 6.5 ± 5.0; p = 0.04). Regarding the large lymphocytes, the SE group showed lower expression of CD3+/CysLTR1+ (40.9 ± 14.5 vs 47.6 ± 11.7; p = 0.05), CD19+/CysLTR1+ (44.6 ± 16.9 vs 54.1 ± 12.4; p = 0.01), and CD19+/CysLTR2+ (55.3 ± 11.3 vs 61.5 ± 12.6; p = 0.05) lymphocytes. Considering the total number of lymphocytes, the SE group had fewer CD3+/CysLTR1+ lymphocytes (11.1 ± 5.5 vs 13.7 ± 6.2; p = 0.04). All other cell populations exhibited reduced expression in the SE group without statistical significance. The expression of CysLTR2 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than CysLTR1 in most studied cell populations. The mRNA expression did not show significant differences between the groups.ConclusionThe expression of CysLTR is higher in the lymphocytes of the NS children, and CysLTR2 shows greater expression than CysLTR1 Respiratory allergies do not appear to be a stimulus for AH occurrence. Newer drugs capable of blocking both CysLTRs warrant further study.
The Nanoparticle Size Effect in Graphene Cutting: A “Pac‐Man” Mechanism
Authors: Qiu Zongyang , Song Li , Zhao Jin , Li Zhenyu , Yang Jinlong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetal‐nanoparticle‐catalyzed cutting is a promising way to produce graphene nanostructures with smooth and well‐aligned edges. Using a multiscale simulation approach, we unambiguously identified a “Pac‐Man” cutting mechanism, characterized by the metal nanoparticle “biting off” edge carbon atoms through a synergetic effect of multiple metal atoms. By comparing the reaction rates at different types of edge sites, we found that etching of an entire edge carbon row could be triggered by a single zigzag‐site etching event, which explains the puzzling linear dependence of the overall carbon‐atom etching rate on the nanoparticle surface area observed experimentally. With incorporation of the nanoparticle size effect, the mechanisms revealed herein open a new avenue to improve controllability in graphene cutting.
Linking small pelagic fish and cetacean distribution to model suitable habitat for coastal dolphin species, Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus, in the Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Giannoulaki Marianna , Markoglou Evangelia , Valavanis Vasilis D. , Alexiadou Paraskevi , Cucknell Anna , Frantzis Alexandros 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

A large‐scale assessment of the summertime suitable habitat for Delphinus delphis (short‐beaked common dolphin) and Tursiops truncatus (common bottlenose dolphin) in Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean) was conducted using data from dedicated and opportunistic cetacean surveys and published data records.
Using a presence/absence approach, generalized additive models were applied to define a suite of environmental, bathymetric and biotic factors that best describe common and bottlenose dolphin spatial distribution, during early (May, June, July) and late (August, September) summer.
A geographic information system (GIS) was used to integrate sightings data with environmental characteristics, distance from the coast and sardine probability of presence. These variables were considered as good proxies for defining species‐suitable habitat within the study area's coastal environment.
The final selected models were used to produce annual probability maps of the presence of the species in the entire Greek Seas, as a measure of habitat suitability. Based on the mean probability and standard deviation maps for the study period GIS techniques were subsequently used to determine the persistent (areas with high mean and low variation) and occasional (high mean and high variation) habitat of each species.
Results showed that there was a high probability of common dolphin presence in areas with a high probability of sardine presence. For bottlenose dolphin, higher probability of the presence of species occurred in areas closer to the shore, with a high probability of sardine presence and with high concentrations of chlorophyll‐a.
In both seasons, the North Aegean Sea and the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago were indicated as the most suitable areas for common dolphin distribution. Persistent habitat areas of the bottlenose dolphin included enclosed seas, continental shelf waters, and waters surrounding islands. The indicated suitable areas are discussed along with deficiencies of the models and future implications for conservation.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transitions in the Molecular Configuration and Aggregates for Mixtures of a Star‐Shaped Hexameric Cationic Surfactant and a Monomeric Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Qiao Fulin , Wang Meina , Liu Zhang , Fan Yaxun , Wang Yilin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA hexameric cationic ammonium surfactant (PAHB), in which six amphiphilic moieties were connected by a star‐shaped spacer group, adopted star‐shaped, claw‐like, and pyramid‐like molecular configurations in aqueous solution, depending on the concentration. Herein, we studied the effect of adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the configuration and aggregation behavior of PAHB. Taking these three configurations of PAHB as initial states, the addition of SDS caused transitions of the star‐shaped and claw‐like configurations into a pyramid‐like configuration, whilst the pyramid‐like configuration remained unchanged. Moreover, the SDS/PAHB aggregates experienced transition from small spheres to large spherical fingerprint‐like aggregates, no matter the initial state of PAHB. Molecular packing in the aggregates was also studied. These results have improved our understanding about the cooperative interactions between star‐shaped oligomeric surfactants and monomeric surfactants, which should guide future applications of this unique type of surfactant.
Essential strategies to optimize asymmetric PCR conditions as a reliable method to generate large amount of ssDNA aptamers
Authors: Heiat Mohammad , Ranjbar Reza , Latifi Ali Mohammad , Rasaee Mohammad Javad , Farnoosh Gholamreza 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAsymmetric PCR, a simple method to generate single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers in systematic evaluation of ligand by exponential enrichments rounds, is coupled with limitations. We investigated the essential strategies for optimization of conditions to perform a high‐quality asymmetric PCR. Final concentrations of primers and template, the number of PCR cycles, and annealing temperature were selected as optimizing variables. The qualities of visualized PCR products were analyzed by ImageJ software. The highest proportion of interested DNA than unwanted products was considered as optimum conditions. Results revealed that the best values for primers ratio, final template concentration, annealing temperature, and PCR cycles were, respectively, 30:1, 1 ng/μL, 55 °C, and 20 cycles for the first and 50:1, 2 ng/μL, 59 °C, and 20 cycles for other rounds. No significant difference was found between optimized asymmetric PCR results in the rounds of two to eight (P > 0.05). The ssDNA quality in round 10 was significantly better than other rounds (P < 0.05). Generally, the ssDNA product with less dimers, double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), and smear are preferable. The dsDNA contamination is the worst, because it can act as antidote and inhibits aptameric performance. Therefore, to choose the best conditions, the lower amount of dsDNA is more important than other unwanted products.
Prospective study of pregnancy and newborn outcomes in mothers with West nile illness during pregnancy
Authors: Pridjian Gabriella , Sirois Patricia A. , McRae Scott , Hinckley Alison F. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Kissinger Patricia , Buekens Pierre , Hayes Edward B. , O'Leary Dan , Kuhn Stephanie , Swan Kenneth F. , Xiong Xu , Wesson Dawn M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundA previous case report of West Nile virus (WNV) illness during pregnancy suggested that WNV could be a cause of congenital defects. We performed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women with WNV illness to increase our knowledge of the effects of WNV illness during pregnancy.MethodsParticipants were enrolled in 2005 to 2008 from pregnant women with serologically confirmed WNV illness reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Comparison was made to WNV‐uninfected women, matched on maternal age and enrollment month. Pregnancy and newborn data were collected; cord blood WNV serology was obtained. Pediatric exams and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐Third Edition (Bayley‐III) were performed.ResultsTwenty‐eight WNV‐infected mothers and 25 WNV‐uninfected mothers participated. Maternal demographics were similar except for a higher rate of planned pregnancies, education, and household income in the WNV‐uninfected mothers. There were no differences in pregnancy and delivery characteristics except that infected mothers had a higher incidence of febrile illnesses and used more medications. Birth weight, length, head circumference, and rate of congenital malformations were similar in babies born to WNV‐infected and ‐uninfected mothers. Follow‐up physical exams were generally normal. The Bayley‐III assessments, available for 17 children born to mothers with WNV illness, showed performance at or above age level across domains.ConclusionThe risk for adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes in women experiencing WNV illness in pregnancy appears to be low, but future studies with larger numbers are needed to rule out a small risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:716–723, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy nanophosphors induced by low impact velocity
Authors: Jha Piyush , Chandra B.P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present paper reports the impulsive excitation of mechanoluminescence (ML) in Sr0.97Al2O4:Eu0.01,Dy0.02 nanophosphors prepared using a combustion technique. The phosphors are characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD results show that the samples exhibit a monoclinic α‐phase in the crystal structure. The space group of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy nanophosphors is monoclinic P21. The PL and ML spectra of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy nanophosphors are excited using light with a wavelength of 365 nm and emission is found at 516 nm. The prepared nanophosphors exhibits an intense ML that can be seen in daylight with the naked eye. When a sample powder is deformed impulsively by the impact of a moving piston, the ML intensity initially increases linearly with time, attains a peak value, Im, at time tm, and then decreases with time. The peak ML intensity, Im, and total ML intensity, IT, increase linearly with applied pressure and impact velocity. The ML intensity decreases with successive impacts of load onto the phosphors, and the diminished ML intensity can be approximately recovered by UV irradiation. The activation energy using thermoluminescence is found to be 0.57 eV for SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy nanophosphors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nomogram to predict perioperative blood transfusion for hepatopancreaticobiliary and colorectal surgery
Authors: Kim Y , Bagante F , Gani F , Ejaz A , Xu L , Wasey J O , Johnson D J , Frank S M , Pawlik T M 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
Predictive tools assessing risk of transfusion have not been evaluated extensively among patients undergoing complex gastrointestinal surgery. In this study preoperative variables associated with blood transfusion were incorporated into a nomogram to predict transfusion following hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) or colorectal surgery.

Methods
A nomogram to predict receipt of perioperative transfusion was developed using a cohort of patients who underwent HPB or colorectal surgery between January 2009 and December 2014. The discriminatory ability of the nomogram was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and internal validation performed via bootstrap resampling.

Results
Among 4961 patients undergoing either a HPB (56·3 per cent) or colorectal (43·7 per cent) resection, a total of 1549 received at least 1 unit of packed red blood cells, giving a perioperative transfusion rate of 31·2 per cent. On multivariable analysis, age 65 years and over (odds ratio (OR) 1·52), race (versus white: black, OR 1·58; Asian, OR 1·86), preoperative haemoglobin 8·0 g/dl or less (versus over 12·0 g/dl: OR 26·79), preoperative international normalized ratio more than 1·2 (OR 2·44), Charlson co-morbidity index score over 3 (OR 1·86) and procedure type (versus colonic surgery: major hepatectomy, OR 1·71; other pancreatectomy, OR 2·12; rectal surgery, OR 1·39; duodenopancreatectomy, OR 2·65) were associated with a significantly higher risk of transfusion and were included in the nomogram. A nomogram was constructed to predict transfusion using these seven variables. Discrimination and calibration of the nomogram revealed good predictive abilities (area under ROC curve 0·756).

Conclusion
The nomogram predicted blood transfusion in major HPB and colorectal surgery.