bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS MODEL COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH (MI)
Authors: Yuningsih Nina 
Published: September 2024

Peningkatan efektivitas dalam pengajaran membaca sangat diperlukan bahkan hal yang sangat penting dalam proses belajar dan pembelajaran karena membaca adalah jantungnya Pendidikan. Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas membaca adalah Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition (CIRC). Metode CIRC merupakan salah satu metode kooperatif yang fokus pada menekankan pengembangan kemampuan membaca dan menulis siswa. Dalam pelaksanaan nya metode CIRC membantu siswa dalam memahami sebuah bacaan dengan cara berkelompok. Setiap anggota kelompok saling bertukar pikiran dengan teman lain, sehingga siswa aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Tahap-tahap dalam pelaksanaan metode CIRC diawali dengan mengidentifikasi topik dan mengorganisasikan dalam kelompok kerja (kelompok pembahasan topik yang dipilih), kemudian merencanakan tugas kegiatan kelompok, melaksanakan pembelajaran (mengumpulkan informasi dan menganalisis data untuk mencapai kesimpulan), mempersiapkan laporan akhir (menentukan pesan yang terkandung dalam kegiatan pembelajaran), evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Rumusan masalah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah penerapan metode Penggunaan Metode CIRC untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah? dan apakah penerapan metode CIRC mampu Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah? Untuk menemukan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, peneliti mengadakan analisis dengan menggunakan desain Penelitian kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah peneliti analisis, secara menyeluruh dapat diketahui bahwa penerapan metode CIRC Ini sangat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil akhir evaluasi yang menunjuk kan peningkatan pada kompetensi membaca siswa serta hasil belajar siswa yang mengalami peningkatan.
Comprehensive analysis of macrophage-associated inflammatory genes in AMI based on bulk combined with single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Kong Xugang , Jin Guangjun 
Published: September 2024

Background
Previous studies have highlighted the crucial role of macrophages in the post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) inflammatory response. This study specifically focused on investigating macrophage-related targets involved in the inflammatory response after AMI.

Methods
Bioinformatics methods were applied for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets GSE163465, GSE236374, and GSE183272 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Communication analysis was conducted to analyze macrophages in AMI. Subsequent analyses encompassed functional enrichment analysis of Co-DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and immune infiltration analysis were carried out for screening key genes. Validation of the bioinformatics analysis results involved original and GSE114695 datasets, supported by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Animal experiments confirmed the upregulation of Saa3, Acp5, and Fcgr4 genes in AMI mouse myocardial tissues.

Results
A total of 80 and 1,907 DEGs were respectively identified by analyzing scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. The overlapping Co-DEGs were found to be closely associated with inflammation-associated pathways, specifically the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Screening based on GSVA scores and macrophage-associated scores highlighted four key genes (Saa3, Ms4a4c, Acp5, and Fcgr4). Immunoinfiltration analysis revealed their close association with macrophages. Dataset validation corroborated these findings. Experimental validation focused on Saa3, Ms4a4c, Acp5, and Fcgr4, demonstrating the upregulation of their expression in cardiac macrophages in the AMI group, consistent with previous reports.

Conclusion
This study provides new perspectives on AMI treatment. In addition, Saa3, Acp5, and Fcgr4 exhibit potential as biomarkers for improving cardiac repair and slowing down the development of heart failure after AMI.
Enhancing Team Collaboration in the Emergency Department at Kigali University Teaching Hospital: The Effect of SBAR Communication Training
Authors: Gatare Faustin , Gishoma Darius , White Rebeka L. , Ntezimana Faustin 
Published: September 2024

Background: Teamwork in clinical settings and especially in emergency department requires straightforward, clear and consistent communication interdisciplinary. The lack of effective communication among healthcare providers impact patient care safety, misdiagnosis, and increased treatment delays and medication errors. This also increases patient morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To examine the effect of Situation Background, Assessment, and Recommendation communication education on the competencies of inter-professional team collaboration.
Methods: This study was interventional conducted at the emergency department of CHUK. A self-administered questionnaire was completed prior to, during and after the training. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed evaluate the association between communication and some demographic characteristics and to test whether there is a significant improvement in communication after the intervention.
Results: The study found that the majority of participants we female, 60% (N=18) were and 40% (N=12) were male. A high number of participants (63.3 %) were aged between 30 and 35 years and 66.7% (20) had an advanced diploma (A1), and 33.3 % (10) had a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Lastly, 63.3 % (19) had working experience between 6 and 10 years. After the training, the findings showed an increased perception of effective communication and collaboration among nurses (from 58 (range 31–97) to 64 (range 25–97); p < 0.001), an increase in unplanned intensive care unit (from 13.1/1000 to 14.8/1000) admissions and a decrease in unexpected deaths (from 0.99/1000 to 0.34/1000) admissions.
Discussion: The findings showed that there was a statistical significant increase of the nurses’ competencies in inter-professional collaboration.
Conclusion: This study concludes that SBAR communication education for emergency nurses increases their communication skills and may thus increase the care to patients.
Recommendation: Conducting this study on large number of population will assist in evaluation of the contribution of SBAR to the survivorship and recovery of patients as the main aim of the work of nurses and doctors.
Water and Irrigation Needs of Tuber Crops in Coastal Climates: A Review
Authors: Bhagwat S M , Keskar P K , Kadam U S 
Published: September 2024

One of the most essential elements for plant growth is water. Large amounts of it are required by plants constantly throughout their life cycle. It significantly affects agricultural activities like irrigation, soil management, crop production, and chemical spraying environments, as well as plant processes like photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, transport, and use of mineral nutrients. This review examines the impacts of climate change on root and tuber crops, including rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and changes in pest and disease dynamics. These changes significantly affect root and tuber crop production, leading to lower yields, compromised quality, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and limited access to water resources. Adaptation strategies encompass various approaches, such as agronomic practices, crop diversification, improved water management, breeding for climate resilience, and agro ecological methods. In the world, the most significant root and tuber crops are cassava, sweet potatoes, and potatoes. Water will produce maximum production for root crops; however, water stress during critical stages might adversely affect the final output of root crops. The purpose of this article of review is to understand the water and irrigation needs of tuber crops (sweet potato, greater and lesser yams, aerial yams, elephant foot yams, xanthosoma, and cassava) that are effectively produced in Maharashtra's coastal climate. This review emphasizes the urgent need to address climate change impacts on tropical root and tuber crops. It highlights the critical role of adaptive measures in ensuring long-term sustainability and food security in a changing climate.
Effect of Leaf Clipping and Nitrogen Split Application on Bridegroom Rice Productivity
Authors: Saranya J. , Jawahar S. , Suseendran K. , Kalaiyarasan C. , Elayaraja D. 
Published: September 2024

Bridegroom rice is one the most important indigenous rice variety predominantly grown in Tamil Nadu, India. Lodging in nature and poor responsive to nitrogenous fertilizers affects the yield of this crop. To minimize crop lodging and to enhance the productivity, a field experiment was carried out during Samba 2023 at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to study the effect of leaf clipping and nitrogen split application on bridegroom rice productivity. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of two factors viz., Factor I -leaf clipping (L): L1- No leaf clipping, L2 - leaf clipping on 30 DAT at one third of leaf, L3- leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf and Factor II - split application of N (N) : N1- no splits (no NPK), N2 - 4 equal splits (basal, 25, 50, 75 DAT), N3­- 5 equal splits (basal 20, 40, 60,80 DAT ) and N4 - 6 equal splits (basal, 15, 30, 45, 60 ,75 DAT). Among the treatments, leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf along with application of nitrogen in 6 equal split registered its superiority compared to others which recorded the higher values for growth attributes viz., plant height (243cm), number of tillers hill-1 (23.42), root length (33.56cm), root volume (45.19 cc) and dry matter production (12592 kg ha-1),yield attributes viz., number of panicles m-2 (407.62) and number of grains panicle-1 (158.34) and test weight (42.34g) and yields of rice (grain - 3950 kg ha-1­and straw - 6530 kg ha-1­). Thus, it can be concluded that leaf clipping on 45 DAT at one third of leaf along application of nitrogen in 6 equal splits is a viable practice to enhance the growth and yield of bridegroom rice.
Exergy and Energy Analysis of Forced Convective Thin-layer Solar Drying of Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculantus L.)
Authors: Ezeanya Nnaemeka Charles 
Published: September 2024

Aims: To study the exergy and energy analysis for thin-layer solar drying of tiger nuts; and also to determine the drying kinetics for the thin-layer solar drying of tiger nuts.
Study Design: Yellow variety of tiger nuts were dried in a forced convection solar dryer to determine the exergy and energy indices.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria between October, 2022 to March, 2023.
Methodology: The experiment was conducted at three different air velocities of 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 m s-1 and two different loads of 70 and 140 g. The tiger nuts were dried from average initial moisture content of 52% (wb) to final moisture content of 10.2% (wb), at an average temperature range of 50.5 to 51.2 ºC. Energy utilization, exergy loss rate, exergy efficiency, improvement potential, and sustainability index were determined.
Results: The results of energy utilization, exergy loss rate and improvement potential ranged from 2.1 to 5.09 W, 0.25 to 0.93 W and 0.08 to 0.54 W respectively; however, these values increased with increasing air velocities and loads. The results of exergy efficiency and sustainability index ranged from 41.8 to 68.49% and 1.72 to 3.17 respectively; these values increased with decreasing air velocities and loads. Graphical plots of moisture content with drying time showed that the moisture content of the tiger nuts decreased with increasing drying time. The characteristic nature of the curve is indicative of the fact that there was an initial higher rate of drying, which gradually declined with drying time. The results also showed that the drying rates of the tiger nuts ranged from 6.03 to 8.44 %MC/hr; and these values varied with the different air velocities and loads.
Conclusion: The results from this research will serve as a guide in reduction of energy costs for the optimum design of convective dryers.
Einkunftsquellen von Influencern und deren Besteuerung bei Wohnsitz im Ausland
Authors: Kunz Tom-Eric , Leitsch Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Einbindung von Influencern in das Marketing, das sog. Influencer- Marketing, spielt in den letzten Jahren eine immer größere Rolle. Zahlreiche deutsche Influencer haben sich zuletzt im Ausland, bspw. in Dubai, niedergelassen und üben ihre Tätigkeit von dort aus. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit es in diesen Konstellationen zu einer beschränkten Steuerpflicht in Deutschland kommen kann. Soweit bspw. im Rahmen einer Produktwerbung unterhaltende Beiträge durch ausländische Influencer in Deutschland erstellt werden oder inländischen Unternehmen im Rahmen gebrandeter Produkte Namens- oder Markenrechte eingeräumt werden, können inländische Einkünfte i.S.d. § 49 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 Buchst. d oder f EStG vorliegen. Auslegungsprobleme der §§ 49 sowie 50a EStG führen für im Ausland lebende Influencer zu Rechtsunsicherheiten und für deren inländische Vertragspartner zu Haftungsrisiken aufgrund nicht durchgeführter Quellensteuereinbehalte.
Hybride Gestaltungen: Der Entwurf eines BMF-Schreibens v. 13.7.2023 zu § 4k EStG
Authors: Rüsch Gary 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag kommentiert ausgewählte Aspekte des am 13.7.2023 veröffentlichten Entwurfs eines BMF-Schreibens zu § 4k EStG, da die finale Fassung des Schreibens auf sich warten lässt. Wann die endgültige Veröffentlichung des Anwendungsschreibens erfolgt, ist derzeit nicht absehbar.
The influence of sandstone caprock material on bedrock channel steepness within a tectonically passive setting: Buffalo National River Basin, Arkansas, USA
Authors: Thaler E. A. , Covington M. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBedrock channel profile analysis typically assumes that channels evolve toward a condition of topographic steady state where channel morphology is adjusted to rock erodibility, uplift rates, and stream power. Here we use the integral method of channel profile analysis to quantify channel steepness within a large set of tributary channels that incise through layered rocks in the Buffalo National River Basin in northern Arkansas. Statistical analysis of these channels demonstrates that normalized channel steepness is not a function of local bedrock lithology but is influenced by coarse sediment supply. Specifically, normalized steepness is greatest in reaches of the basin where an interval of Pennsylvanian sandstone forms a caprock on the ridges. Block detachment of the sandstone causes large boulders to be stranded in the upper tributaries where stream power is too low to mobilize or effectively erode the boulders. Within these channels, normalized steepness is correlated with sandstone boulder size and percent boulder coverage rather than local lithology, despite strong contrasts in the mechanical strength of the lithologies incised. This analysis suggests that removal of caprock material is rate limiting within the landscape and may be responsible for the long‐term persistence of topography within this tectonically passive setting.
Modeling cosmic ray neutron field measurements
Authors: Andreasen Mie , Jensen Karsten H. , Zreda Marek , Desilets Darin , Bogena Heye , Looms Majken C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe cosmic ray neutron method was developed for intermediate‐scale soil moisture detection, but may potentially be used for other hydrological applications. The neutron signal of different hydrogen pools is poorly understood and separating them is difficult based on neutron measurements alone. Including neutron transport modeling may accommodate this shortcoming. However, measured and modeled neutrons are not directly comparable. Neither the scale nor energy ranges are equivalent, and the exact neutron energy sensitivity of the detectors is unknown. Here a methodology to enable comparability of the measured and modeled neutrons is presented. The usual cosmic ray soil moisture detector measures moderated neutrons by means of a proportional counter surrounded by plastic, making it sensitive to epithermal neutrons. However, that configuration allows for some thermal neutrons to be measured. The thermal contribution can be removed by surrounding the plastic with a layer of cadmium, which absorbs neutrons with energies below 0.5 eV. Likewise, cadmium shielding of a bare detector allows for estimating the epithermal contribution. First, the cadmium difference method is used to determine the fraction of thermal and epithermal neutrons measured by the bare and plastic‐shielded detectors, respectively. The cadmium difference method results in linear correction models for measurements by the two detectors, and has the greatest impact on the neutron intensity measured by the moderated detector at the ground surface. Next, conversion factors are obtained relating measured and modeled neutron intensities. Finally, the methodology is tested by modeling the neutron profiles at an agricultural field site and satisfactory agreement to measurements is found.
Analytical and numerical investigations of spontaneous imbibition in porous media
Authors: Nooruddin Hasan A. , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present semianalytical solutions for cocurrent displacements with some degree of countercurrent flow. The solution assumes a one‐dimensional horizontal displacement of two immiscible incompressible fluids with arbitrary viscosities and saturation‐dependent relative permeability and capillary pressures. We address the impact of the system length on the degree of countercurrent flow when there is no pressure drop in the nonwetting phase across the system, assuming negligible capillary back pressure at the inlet boundary of the system. It is shown that in such displacements, the fractional flow can be used to determine a critical water saturation, from which regions of both cocurrent and countercurrent flow are identified. This critical saturation changes with time as the saturation front moves into the porous medium. Furthermore, the saturation profile in the approach presented here is not necessarily a function of distance divided by the square root of time. We also present approximate solutions using a perturbative approach, which is valid for a wide range of flow conditions. This approach requires less computational power and is much easier to implement than the implicit integral solutions used in previous work. Finally, a comprehensive comparison between analytical and numerical solutions is presented. Numerical computations are performed using traditional finite‐difference formulations and convergence analysis shows a generally slow convergence rate for water imbibition rates and saturation profiles. This suggests that most coarsely gridded simulations give a poor estimate of imbibition rates, while demonstrating the value of these analytical solutions as benchmarks for numerical studies, complementing Buckley‐Leverett analysis.
Prolonged El Niño conditions in 2014–2015 and the rapid intensification of Hurricane Patricia in the eastern Pacific
Authors: Foltz Gregory R. , Balaguru Karthik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHurricane Patricia was the most intense tropical cyclone on record in the eastern North Pacific or Atlantic, reaching a peak intensity of 95 m s−1 only 30 h after attaining hurricane status (33 m s−1). Here it is shown that exceptionally warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs), a deeper than normal thermocline, and strong near‐surface salinity stratification all aided Patricia's rapid intensification, combining to increase its Potential Intensity by 1–14 m s−1. Anomalous surface warming and thermocline deepening along Patricia's track were driven by prolonged El Niño conditions during 2014–2015 and punctuated by the buildup to the extreme El Niño of 2015–2016. In the region where Patricia intensified, SST was 1.5° C higher and sea surface height was 10 cm higher compared to conditions during the last extreme El Niño in 1997, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of the 2015 anomalies.
Accurately characterizing the importance of wave‐particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations
Authors: Murphy Kyle R. , Mann Ian R. , Rae I. Jonathan , Sibeck David G. , Watt Clare E. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWave‐particle interactions play a crucial role in energetic particle dynamics in the Earth's radiation belts. However, the relative importance of different wave modes in these dynamics is poorly understood. Typically, this is assessed during geomagnetic storms using statistically averaged empirical wave models as a function of geomagnetic activity in advanced radiation belt simulations. However, statistical averages poorly characterize extreme events such as geomagnetic storms in that storm‐time ultralow frequency wave power is typically larger than that derived over a solar cycle and Kp is a poor proxy for storm‐time wave power.
Remote sensing of normalized diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance
Authors: Lin Junfang , Lee Zhongping , Ondrusek Michael , Du Keping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe diffuse attenuation of downwelling irradiance, Kd (m−1), is an important property related to light penetration and availability in aquatic ecosystems. The standard Kd(490) product (the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm) of the global oceans from satellite remote sensing has been produced with an empirical algorithm, which limits its reliability and applicability in coastal regions. More importantly, as an apparent optical property (AOP), Kd is a function of the angular distribution of the light field (e.g., solar zenith angle). The empirically derived product thus contains ambiguities when compared with in situ measurements as there is no specification regarding the corresponding solar zenith angle associated with this Kd(490) product. To overcome these shortcomings, we refined the Kd product with a product termed as the normalized diffuse attenuation coefficient (nKd, m−1), that is equivalent to the Kd in the absence of the atmosphere and with the sun at zenith. Models were developed to get nKd from both in situ measurements and ocean color remote sensing. Evaluations using field measurements indicated that the semianalytically derived nKd product will not only remove the ambiguities when comparing Kd values of different light fields but will also improve the quality of such a product, therefore maximizing the value offered by satellite ocean color remote sensing.
Palladium NNC Pincer Complex as an Efficient Catalyst for the Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids
Authors: Conde Nerea , SanMartin Raul , Herrero María Teresa , Domínguez Esther 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA two‐step (nucleophilic substitution/palladation by oxidative addition) sequence provides a high‐yielding access to a non‐symmetrical palladium NNC pincer complex. A number of terminal and internal alkynoic acids with different substitution patterns at the α‐ and β‐positions are regio‐ and diastereoselectively cycloisomerized to the corresponding exocyclic enol lactones in the presence of exceedingly low amounts of the latter palladium complex, so that unprecedented turnover numbers and frequencies ranging from 1,000,000 to 700,000 and from 41,667 to 9722 h−1, respectively, are achieved. The optimized protocol, based on the use of a catalytic amount of triethylamine as base, allows an easy real‐time monitoring of the reaction by NMR spectroscopy. Several pieces of evidence in favor of the direct participation of the above pincer complex as the catalyst of the reaction have been gathered from kinetic and poisoning experimentsmagnified image