bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of lifestyle intervention in primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes did not differ by baseline age and BMI among Asian‐Indian people with impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Nanditha A. , Snehalatha C. , Ram J. , Selvam S. , Vijaya L. , Shetty S. A. , Arun R. , Ramachandran A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on the incidence of diabetes was influenced by the baseline age and BMI of the Asian‐Indian participants with prediabetes.MethodsPooled data, obtained from two of our Indian Diabetes Prevention Programmes (2006, n=236 and 2013, n=473; total N=709) which had similar baseline characteristics and intervention principles, were analysed. For the present secondary analysis we dichotomously categorized the participants' baseline age (<45 and ≥45 years) and BMI (<25.0 and ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Glycaemic status was ascertained at 6‐monthly intervals by oral glucose tolerance tests. The incidence rates of diabetes and relative risk reduction in both the intervention and the control group were calculated for categories of baseline age and BMI. Interactions between the intervention and baseline age and BMI on diabetes risk were also analysed.ResultsIncident diabetes was diagnosed in 227 of the total 709 participants (32.0%) [control group 139 participants (38.8%) vs intervention group 88 participants (24.2%)] during the median follow‐up period of 2 years. The overall relative risk reduction was 35.4% (95% CI 19.3–48.3). Lifestyle intervention was equally effective in both age groups [relative risk reduction in those aged <45 years: 43.7% (95% CI 19.8–60.5) and in those aged ≥ 45 years: 28.9% (95% CI 5.3–46.6) P for interaction = 0.52] and in categories of BMI [BMI <25 kg/m2: 36.1% (95% CI 9.5–54.9); and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2: 34.8% (95% CI 12.9–51.2); P for interaction = 0.95].ConclusionsIn Asian‐Indian individuals with prediabetes, the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention was not modified by baseline age and BMI.
The future of Evo‐Devo: the inaugural meeting of the Pan American Society for evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Lesoway Maryna P. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYWhat is the future of evolutionary developmental biology? This question and more were discussed at the inaugural meeting for the Pan American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology, held August 5−9, 2015, in Berkeley, California, USA. More than 300 participants attended the first meeting of the new society, representing the current diversity of Evo‐Devo. Speakers came from throughout the Americas, presenting work using an impressive range of study systems, techniques, and approaches. Current research draws from themes including the role of gene regulatory networks, plasticity and the role of the environment, novelty, population genetics, and regeneration, using new and emerging techniques as well as traditional tools. Multiple workshops and a discussion session covered subjects both practical and theoretical, providing an opportunity for members to discuss the current challenges and future directions for Evo‐Devo. The excitement and discussion generated over the course of the meeting demonstrates the current dynamism of the field, suggesting that the future of Evo‐Devo is bright indeed.
Outcome of patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis with concurrent renal and cardiac involvement
Authors: Badar Talha , Cornelison Amanda Megan , Shah Nina D. , Bashir Qaiser , Parmar Simrit , Patel Krina , Hosing Chitra , Popat Uday , Weber Donna M. , Thomas Sheeba K. , Shah Jatin J. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCardiac involvement in systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is generally associated with a worse outcome, especially if other organs are also involved. We sought to determine whether concurrent cardiac and renal involvement were associated with a worse outcome than either organ alone. We identified 129 patients with AL, who received high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HCT) at our institution between 1997 and 2014. Ninety‐nine patients had either renal (group 1: n = 62, 62%), cardiac (group 2: n = 20, 20%), or both cardiac and renal (group 3: n = 17, 17%) involvement. The overall hematological response rate (CR+VGPR+PR) post‐auto‐HCT in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 69%, 74% and 82%, respectively (P = 0.62). Overall, organ response in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 39%, 42%, and 70%, respectively. The median PFS from auto‐HCT in groups 1, 2, and 3 was not reached (NR), 13.3 and 21 months, respectively (P = 0.02). The median OS in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 120, 46, and 60 months, respectively (P = 0.1). In conclusion, median PFS and OS in patients with concurrent cardiac and renal AL were comparable to patients with cardiac AL only, but worse than patients with renal AL.
Fertility in premenopausal women post autologous stem cell transplant with BEAM conditioning
Authors: Lasica Masa , Taylor Emma , Bhattacharyya Puja , Bennett Ashwini , Cooke Rachel E. , Stern Catharyn , Agresta Franca , Ayton Rosemary , Grigg Andrew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere is currently minimal data on fertility outcomes in premenopausal women undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) conditioning. A retrospective analysis of fertility outcomes in premenopausal females aged between 18 and 40 yr who underwent BEAM/ASCT for lymphoma between 1995 and 2011 was performed at four transplant centres. Of 41 premenopausal women who underwent BEAM conditioning, 25 met the inclusion criteria with the main exclusion criterion being inadequate documentation. Eighteen had Hodgkin lymphoma, and seven had non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Median number of chemotherapy regimens pretransplant was 2 (1–3). Seventeen women (68%) with a median age at transplant of 25 yr (range 17–33) recovered their menses. The comparative group without recovery was older with a median age of 34 yr (range 20–40) (P = 0.007). Ten patients, with a median age at transplant of 22 yr (range 17–30), had 15 naturally conceived pregnancies. Chemotherapy regimens and lymphoma type did not obviously influence the incidence of menses recovery or conception. The incidence of recovery of menses and fertility in premenopausal women undergoing BEAM/ASCT for lymphoma is substantial. Younger age at transplant correlates with superior fertility outcomes.
Combined surgical and radiotherapy treatment of a mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma in a pony
Authors: Reardon R. J. M. , Dixon P. M. , Kane‐Smyth J. , Froydenlund T. , Booth S. A. , Dobson J. , Smith K. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryA 9‐year‐old Welsh Section D gelding was referred to an equine hospital for evaluation and computed tomographic (CT) imaging of a left mandibular swelling. An expansile mass, found within the left mandible at the level of the caudal 2 cheek teeth, was surgically debulked and histology of the lesion identified it as an ameloblastic carcinoma. Radiotherapy using 4 fractions of 800 cGy, 7 days apart, was subsequently undertaken. The pony made excellent clinical progression following treatment. Repeat CT imaging at 7.5 and 19.5 months post surgery showed no apparent recurrence of the lesion and marked improvement in the remodelling of the mandible. In conclusion, radiotherapy in conjunction with surgical debulking appears to have been successful in treating an ameloblastic carcinoma in this pony and could be considered for similar tumours in other cases.
Nutritional management and practical feeding of the orphan foal
Authors: Stoneham S. J. , Morresey P. , Ousey J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryFoals are dependent on a milk‐based diet for the first 3–4 months of life. If they are orphaned during this period they require appropriate nutritional and behavioural management to allow them to develop into sound, well‐grown horses and ponies with well established normal behavioural patterns. In order to meet these needs it is necessary to understand the metabolic requirements of the foal and the composition of mares' milk. Usually managing these foals requires short‐term, emergency feeding of the foal while a long‐term option is sought. Long‐term options include use of a foster mare, induction of lactation in a parous, barren mare or hand rearing with suitable equine company. It is important to monitor growth and development of these foals to ensure that over the long term their nutritional needs are being met to allow normal growth and development.
Health literacy, associated lifestyle and demographic factors in adult population of an English city: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Protheroe Joanne , Whittle Rebecca , Bartlam Bernadette , Estacio Emee Vida , Clark Linda , Kurth Judith 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundLower health literacy is a public health issue that follows a social gradient, potentially reinforcing existing health inequalities. However, levels of health literacy in particular populations can be unclear and are a key to identifying effective public health interventions. This research examined health literacy levels in Stoke‐on‐Trent, where 31.2% of the population live in areas classified amongst the 10% most deprived in England.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey using the Newest Vital Sign examined associations with demographic factors, lifestyle behaviours, Internet use and self‐rated health. The sample (n = 1046) took account of variance in levels of health literacy by age, educational attainment and deprivation. Bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate associations with health literacy when adjusted for other demographic factors and lifestyle behaviours.ResultsNine hundred and seventy‐two respondents completed the health literacy measure (93%): 277 (28.5%) scored low, 228 (23.5%) scored marginal and 467 (48.0%) scored adequate. Associations with higher rates of limited health literacy included older age, lower educational level, lower income, perceived poor health and lack of access to the Internet.ConclusionsGiven the complexity of factors influencing health literacy interdisciplinary approaches across health and social care and the voluntary sector are essential in identifying and developing appropriate interventions.
Impact of established shrub shelterbelts around oases on the diversity of ground beetles in arid ecosystems of Northwestern China
Authors: Li Feng‐Rui , Liu Ji‐Liang , Sun Te‐Sheng , Ma Ling‐Fa , Liu Lu‐Lu , Yang Kun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Oases in arid regions of northwestern China are main sites for agriculture and human settlement. Conservation of these important oasis habitats involves establishing shrub shelterbelts around the oases. We investigated how different types of shrub shelterbelts affect the diversity of ground beetles.

We sampled carabid and tenebrionid assemblages with pitfall traps in spring and summer and measured key environmental variables in four habitats of the arid region: planted stands of pure and mixed plantations of two long‐lived shrubs (Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima) and natural grassland (NG) from which planted systems were converted.

Beetle abundance and species richness reduced significantly in the pure plantations but the mixed plantation had similar abundance and higher richness in spring and lower richness in summer relative to NG. We found differences in response between functional groups of beetles. The pure plantations resulted in reduced abundance and richness of herbivores and detritivores and increased predator abundance in spring and reduced predator abundance in summer. The mixed plantation resulted in increased detritivore richness in spring and reduced detritivore richness in summer as well as increased herbivore abundance in spring and reduced herbivore and predator abundance and richness in summer. The beetle community was largely determined by shrub cover and herbaceous plant diversity.

We conclude that the pure shrub plantations reduce beetle diversity, whereas the mixed shrub plantation has less adverse effect on beetle diversity. Shrub mixtures can therefore be a practical measure to minimise the negative impacts of shrub shelterbelts on beetles.
Oral health‐related quality of life following dental treatment under general anaesthesia for early childhood caries – a UK‐based study
Authors: de Souza Michelle C. , Harrison Mike , Marshman Zoe 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo assess parental reports of changes in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young children in the UK with early childhood caries (ECC) following dental treatment under general anaesthesia (DGA). To compare the impact of oral rehabilitation (OR) and extraction‐only (Exo) treatment approaches on this.MethodsData were collected using the proxy reported components of the Child Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL®) questionnaire: the Parent‐Caregivers Perceptions questionnaire (P‐CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS), from a convenience sample of parents of children receiving DGA at a UK Paediatric Dental Department. Mean scores and prevalence impacts were compared pre‐ and postoperatively with mean change score and effect sizes calculations.ResultsSeventy‐eight parents were recruited (51 children undergoing OR, 27 Exo) with 6 lost to follow‐up (92.3%). Following treatment, changes in mean P‐CPQ and FIS scores were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) with medium to large effect sizes (0.45–1.39). The differences in change scores between the two treatment approaches were not statistically different.ConclusionDGA for young children with early childhood caries resulted in substantial improvements in parent's ratings of their child's OHRQoL and of the impact on their families. Larger cohort studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
Signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for traumatic dental injury among schoolchildren: a case–control study
Authors: Mota‐Veloso Isabella , Soares Maria Eliza C. , Homem Márcio Alexandre , Marques Leandro Silva , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Ramos‐Jorge Joana 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe determination of risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) is important to the implementation of preventive measures.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and TDI.Material and MethodsA case–control (1 : 1) study involved a population‐based sample of 230 schoolchildren aged seven to 12 years. The case and control groups were composed of children with (n = 115) and without (n = 115) TDI, respectively. The groups were matched for age and sex. The outcome variable (TDI) was detected using the O'Brien criteria. The main independent variable (signs of ADHD) was evaluated using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham scale (version IV) administered to parents and teachers. Socio‐demographic characteristics and accentuated overjet were analyzed as confounding factors. Statistical analysis involved the McNemar's test as well as the bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe multivariate regression demonstrated that schoolchildren with the signs of hyperactivity (parental reports) had a 2.33‐fold greater chance of exhibiting TDI (95% CI: 1.10–4.94) than those without this condition, as well as those with accentuated overjet (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.70–5.77).ConclusionSchoolchildren whose parents reported signs suggestive of hyperactivity had a greater chance of exhibiting TDI than those without such signs.
Blood Pressure Effects of Yoga, Alone or in Combination With Lifestyle Measures: Results of the Lifestyle Modification and Blood Pressure Study (LIMBS)
Authors: Cohen Debbie L. , Boudhar Sanaa , Bowler Anne , Townsend Raymond R. 
Published: January 2016

The authors conducted a study to assess the effects of yoga on blood pressure (BP). Patients were randomized to yoga (Blood Pressure Education Program [BPEP]), or a combined program (COMBO). Ambulatory BP was measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. Data are presented for all enrolled patients (n=137) and for completers only (n=90). Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were significantly decreased within all groups at 12 and 24 weeks (P<.001) for enrolled patients and completers. SBP was significantly reduced in the yoga and COMBO groups as compared with the BPEP group at 12 weeks in all enrolled and completers. SBP differences were no longer significant at 24 weeks between groups in all enrolled patients; however, there was a greater reduction in SBP at 24 weeks in completers favoring BPEP over yoga. No differences in DBP between groups or in BP between the yoga and COMBO groups were present. The authors did not observe an additive benefit from combining yoga with BPEP measures. Reasons for this are unclear at this time. BP lowering with yoga, however, was similar to that achieved with lifestyle measures.
Gut‐derived cholecystokinin contributes to visceral hypersensitivity via nerve growth factor‐dependent neurite outgrowth
Authors: Hsu Luo‐Ting , Hung Kuan‐Yang , Wu Hsiu‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Wen , She Meng‐Ping , Lee Tsung‐Chun , Sun Chin‐Hung , Yu Wei‐Hsuan , Buret Andre G , Yu Linda Chia‐Hui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and Aim:Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits and may occur following stressful events or infectious gastroenteritis such as giardiasis. Recent findings revealed a link between cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotrophin synthesis, and intestinal hyperalgesia. The aim was to investigate the role of CCK in visceral hypersensitivity using mouse models challenged with a bout of infection with Giardia lamblia or psychological stress, either alone or in combination.Methods:Abdominal pain was evaluated by visceromoter response to colorectal distension. Nerve fibers in intestinal tissues were stained using immunohistochemistry (PGP9.5). Human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells incubated with bacterial‐free mouse gut supernatant or recombinant CCK‐8S were assessed for neurite outgrowth and nerve growth factor (NGF) production.Results:Intestinal hypersensitivity was induced by either stress or Giardia infection, and a trend of increased pain was seen following dual stimuli. Increased CCK levels and PGP9.5 immunoreactivity were found in colonic mucosa of mice following stress and/or infection. Inhibitors to the CCK‐A receptor (L‐364718) or CCK‐B receptor (L‐365260) blocked visceral hypersensitivity caused by stress, but not when induced by giardiasis. Nerve fiber elongation and NGF synthesis were observed in SH‐SY5Y cells after incubation with colonic supernatants from mice given the dual stimuli, or after treatment with CCK‐8S. Increased nerve fiber length by colonic supernatant and CCK‐8S was attenuated by L‐365260 or neutralizing anti‐NGF.Conclusions:This new model successfully recapitulates intestinal hypernociception induced by stress or Giardia. Colonic CCK contributes to visceral hypersensitivity caused by stress, but not by Giardia, partly via NGF‐dependent neurite outgrowth.
Maternal Outcomes in Birth Centers: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Alliman Jill , Phillippi Julia C. 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionThe birth center, a relatively recent innovation in maternity care, is an increasingly popular location of birth. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to assess the research on maternal outcomes from birth center care.MethodsUsing methods by Whittemore and Knafl, we conducted an integrative review of studies of birth centers published in English since 1980. Twenty‐three quantitative sources and 9 qualitative sources describing maternal outcomes of birth center care were reviewed and synthesized.ResultsOutcomes for women receiving birth care were positive. Spontaneous vaginal birth rates and perineal integrity were higher for women beginning care in a birth center compared to women in hospital care. Rates of cesarean birth were also lower for women planning birth center care. Transfer rates are difficult to compare across studies, but antepartum transfer rates ranged from 13% to 27.2%. Intrapartum transfer rates ranged from 11.6% to 37.4%, and from 11.6% to 16.5% in studies published from 2011 to 2013. Nulliparous women had higher rates of transfer than multiparous women. Few severe maternal outcomes and no maternal deaths were reported in any studies. Women were satisfied with the comprehensive, personalized care that they received from birth centers.DiscussionQuantitative studies reviewed included more than 84,300 women. The heterogeneity of the studies and variations of practice limit generalization of findings. However, even with multisite studies enrolling a variety of birth centers and practice changes over time, the consistency of positive outcomes supports this model of care. Policy makers in the United States should consider supporting the birth center model as a means of improving maternal outcomes.
Optical Coherence Tomography for the Detection of Remote Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Xu Lucy T. , Bermel Robert A. , Nowacki Amy S. , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEvidence of remote optic neuritis is often used to support a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide qualitative and quantitative data on the retina, where the effects of optic neuritis can be seen. Our aim was to determine whether there is a quantitative difference in retinal structures in eyes with optic neuritis compared with those without, and which measures were best able to discriminate eyes with a history of optic neuritis from nonoptic neuritis eyes in MS patients.METHODSWe performed a prospective cohort study of 30 MS‐optic neuritis patients, 22 MS‐nonoptic neuritis patients, and 24 healthy participants. Patients underwent visual acuity testing and OCT imaging. Retinal measurements were compared across groups. OCT measurements and visual acuities were analyzed for their ability to discriminate between optic neuritis and nonoptic neuritis eyes.RESULTSOptic neuritis eyes exhibited a thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, papillomacular bundle, and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer thicknesses compared to MS eyes without optic neuritis and healthy controls. Papillomacular bundle thickness was the best model to discriminate between eyes with optic neuritis and nonoptic neuritis eyes in MS patients. Visual acuity alone yielded rather poor models.CONCLUSIONSOptic neuritis is associated with thinning in multiple regions of the retina. Optic neuritis eyes can be differentiated most accurately from nonoptic neuritis eyes using OCT. Our work suggests a potential role for OCT in documenting a remote history of optic neuritis to corroborate a diagnosis of MS.