bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prey Luring Coloration of A Nocturnal Semi‐Aquatic Predator
Authors: Tso I‐Min , Zhang Shichang , Tan Wei‐Li , Peng Po , Blamires Sean J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBody coloration serves a variety of purposes in animals. Diurnal and nocturnal predators such as spiders may use their body coloration to lure prey. We predicted here that the white patches on the forelegs on females of the nocturnal semi‐aquatic spider Dolomedes raptor lure prey, explaining why they are primarily displayed when the spider forages along the water edge. To test our prediction, we developed a color vision model assessing whether the patches are visible to pygmy grasshoppers, the spider's primary prey. We conducted a field experiment using cardboard dummies that resemble D. raptor in size, shape, and color, but with half of them lacking leg patches, and we staged interactions between pygmy grasshoppers and D. raptor with and without leg patches in a greenhouse. We found the white patches to be visible to grasshoppers. The dummies with white patches attracted more grasshopper prey than the dummies without the patches. Moreover, grasshoppers were more attracted to spiders when their white patches were present. Our results supported the hypothesis that the white patches of D. raptor lure prey. Our findings, nevertheless, could not be explained as the spider's body coloration acting as a sensory trap but it should not be ruled out. More studies on a wider range of predators and prey will give more meaningful insights into the co‐evolution of predatory lures and prey sensory modalities.
Marginal Models Via GLS: A Convenient Yet Neglected Tool for the Analysis of Correlated Data in the Behavioural Sciences
Authors: Pekár Stano , Brabec Marek 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBehavioural research often produces data that have a complicated structure. For instance, data can represent repeated observations of the same individual and suffer from heteroscedasticity as well as other technical snags. The regression analysis of such data is often complicated by the fact that the observations (response variables) are mutually correlated. The correlation structure can be quite complex and might or might not be of direct interest to the user. In any case, one needs to take correlations into account (e.g. by means of random‐effect specification) in order to arrive at correct statistical inference (e.g. for construction of the appropriate test or confidence intervals). Over the last decade, such data have been more and more frequently analysed using repeated‐measuresANOVAand mixed‐effects models. Some researchers invoke the heavy machinery of mixed‐effects modelling to obtain the desired population‐level (marginal) inference, which can be achieved by using simpler tools – namely marginal models. This paper highlights marginal modelling (using generalized least squares [GLS] regression) as an alternative method. In various concrete situations, such marginal models can be based on fewer assumptions and directly generate estimates (population‐level parameters) which are of immediate interest to the behavioural researcher (such as population mean). Sometimes, they might be not only easier to interpret but also easier to specify than their competitors (e.g. mixed‐effects models). Using five examples from behavioural research, we demonstrate the use, advantages, limits and pitfalls of marginal and mixed‐effects models implemented within the functions of the ‘nlme’ package in R.
Does Schwann cell dedifferentiation originate dermal neurofibromas?
Authors: Iribar Haizea , Jaka Ane , Ormaechea Nerea , Tuneu Anna , Izeta Ander , Gutiérrez‐Rivera Araika 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDermal neurofibromas are characteristic of neurofibromatosis type one (NF1), and their developmental origin still unsolved. Although NF1 loss is required for neurofibroma initiation, some features of these benign tumors resemble a skin injury state and cutaneous trauma or other insults might support tumor development. Since adult terminal Schwann cells ensheathing nerve endings are able to dedifferentiate into a progenitor‐like state in response to nerve crushing, we hypothesized that dedifferentiation of NF1−/− Schwann cells could be at the origin of human dermal neurofibromas. In support of this, here we show that CDH19 (a marker specific of Schwann cell precursors) and Schwann cell dedifferentiation marker SOX2 are significantly upregulated in NF1 tumors. We posit that onset of nerve regeneration might have a role in dermal neurofibroma initiation via dedifferentiation of NF1−/− Schwann cells.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin regulates eosinophil migration via phosphorylation of l‐plastin in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Noh Ji Yeon , Shin Jung U , Park Chang Ook , Lee Nara , Jin Shan , Kim Seo Hyeong , Kim Ji Hye , Min Arim , Shin Myeong Heon , Lee Kwang Hoon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInfiltration of eosinophils in atopic dermatitis (AD), which contains inflammatory molecules and cytokines, recruits more inflammatory cells and causes further skin damage. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cytokine that induces the proinflammatory Th2 immune response and plays an important role in allergic disease. In this study, we aimed to identify a novel protein that regulates TSLP in eosinophils to further understand the role of eosinophils in atopic dermatitis. Using a proteomics approach, we identified the TSLP‐inducible protein l‐plastin and confirmed upregulation of l‐plastin and p‐l‐plastin in TSLP‐treated human eosinophilic leukaemic (EoL‐1) cells and in eosinophils from AD patients. Migration assays showed that migration of eosinophils increased when cells were treated with TSLP and when cells were treated with TSLP and an additional cytokine such as interleukin (IL)‐3, IL‐4, IL‐5 or IL‐13, when compared to migration of untreated eosinophils. We also confirmed a positive correlation between phosphorylation of l‐plastin and an increase in migration of TSLP and cytokine‐treated eosinophils. In addition, phosphorylation of l‐plastin was sensitive to PKCβII inhibition. Our results suggest that TSLP‐induced phosphorylation of l‐plastin affects eosinophil migration, which may be mediated by the protein kinase C signalling pathway in atopic dermatitis, thus suggesting p‐l‐plastin as a potential drug target for eosinophil‐targeted allergy therapy.
Pressure pain threshold is higher in hypertensive compared with normotensive older adults: A case–control study
Authors: Nascimento Rebelatto Marcelo , Alburquerque‐Sendín Francisco , Guimarães João Flavio , Salvini Tania Fatima 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo establish whether there are differences in pain sensitivity between hypertensive and normotensive older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional case control study was carried out. A total of 72 older adults, 36 normotensive and 36 hypertensive, participated in the study. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed on seven points bilaterally in both groups by means of pressure algometry. Two‐factor analysis of variance (anova) – group and sex – was carried out, and the magnitude of the differences was calculated using Cohen's index.ResultsThe PPT values were higher in the group of hypertensive older adults compared with the normotensive older adults; that difference was significant (P < 0.05) for the following points: right and left trochanters, left trapezium, left L3/L4 and left anterior tibialis muscle, with both trochanter and left L3/L4 PPT showing moderate magnitude of the differences. The correlations shown among the PPT were stronger in the group of hypertensive older adults. Thus, hypoalgesia was more generalized among the hypertensive older adults compared with the normotensive older adults. Sex did not influence that difference, although the magnitude of the difference was greater among men compared with women.ConclusionsHypoalgesia, as assessed by means of PPT, showed a relationship with arterial hypertension in older adults. The influence of sex on hypoalgesia shown by hypertensive individuals is controversial. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 967–972.
Activity and migratory flights of individual free‐flying songbirds throughout the annual cycle: method and first case study
Authors: Bäckman Johan , Andersson Arne , Alerstam Thomas , Pedersen Lykke , Sjöberg Sissel , Thorup Kasper , Tøttrup Anders P. 
Published: June 2016

We describe a method and device (< 1.2 g) for recording, processing and storing data about activity and location of individuals of free‐living songbirds throughout the annual cycle.Activity level was determined every five minutes from five 100 ms samples of accelerometer data with 5 s between the sampling events. Activity levels were stored on an hourly basis throughout the annual cycle, allowing periods of resting/sleep, continuous flight and intermediate activity (foraging, breeding) to be distinguished. Measurements from a light sensor were stored from preprogrammed key stationary periods during the year to provide control information about geographic location.Successful results, including annual actogram, were obtained for a red‐backed shrikeLanius colluriocarrying out its annual loop migration between northern Europe and southern Africa. The shrike completed its annual migration by performing > 66 (max. 73) nocturnal migratory flights (29 flights in autumn and > 37, max. 44, in spring) adding up to a total of > 434 (max. 495) flight hours. Migratory flights lasted on average 6.6 h with maximum 15.9 h. These flights were aggregated into eight travel episodes (periods of 4–11 nights when flights took place on the majority of nights). Daytime resting levels were much higher during the winter period compared to breeding and final part of spring migration. Daytime resting showed peaks during days between successive nocturnal flights across Sahara, continental Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, indicating that the bird was mostly sleeping between these long migratory flights.Annual activity and flight data for free‐living songbirds will open up many new research possibilities. Main topics that can be addressed are e.g. migratory flight performance (total flight investment, numbers and characteristics of flights), timing of stationary periods, activity patterns (resting/sleep, activity level) in different phases of the annual cycle and variability in the annual activity patterns between and within individuals.
Amazon forest dynamics under changing abiotic conditions in the early Miocene (Colombian Amazonia)
Authors: Salamanca Villegas Sonia , van Soelen Els E. , Teunissen van Manen Milan L. , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Santos Roberto Ventura , Roddaz Martin , Dantas Elton Luiz , van Loon Emiel , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Hoorn Carina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimWe analysed in detail a past marine incursion event in north‐western Amazonia and measured its effect on the forest composition. We also determined the sediment provenance in the fluvio‐estuarine system and reconstructed the overall floral composition of the Amazon lowland forest during the Miocene climatic optimum.LocationA 60‐m‐thick sedimentary succession situated along the Caquetá River in Colombian Amazonia (0.77° S; 71.97° W).MethodsPalynological, geochemical and statistical analyses were performed on samples from organic‐rich sediments.ResultsThe lower section was formed by fluvial floodplain deposits of Andean provenance rich in pollen of Malvacipolloides maristellae (aff. Abutilon) and Rhoipites guianensis (aff. Vasivaea). The middle section was formed by fluvial channel and estuarine swamp deposits of central Venezuelan provenance dominated by pollen of Mauritiidites franciscoi (Mauritia). Towards the top, the swamp deposits represent an estuarine floodplain with aquatic biomarkers, marine palynomorphs and mangrove pollen. The succession ended with fluvial floodplain deposits of central to southern Venezuelan origin with R. guianensis as dominant pollen type. Palynological diversity was high throughout the section with Andean‐ and Venezuelan‐derived sediments each with their characteristic taxa. Tropical rain forest taxa, such as Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Malpighiaceae and Bombacoideae, were common in these sediments, although taxa adapted to drier conditions also occurred. We provide a ‘figshare’ link to an image library of selected taxa, as well as the raw counts and processed data.Main conclusionsThe fluvio‐estuarine system was of mixed origin with sediments and palynomorphs from the emerging Andes, but also from an area situated in the modern Orinoco Basin. Marine influence was linked to the Venezuelan source area and thus of indisputable Caribbean origin. Overall, a mixed forest with drought‐resistant components existed in the drainage system during the Miocene climatic optimum. Our data provide a novel insight into the composition of the tropical lowland forest and the environments in north‐western Amazonia prior to the main uplift of the central and northern Andes.
Biogeography of the cosmopolitan sedges (Cyperaceae) and the area‐richness correlation in plants
Authors: Spalink Daniel , Drew Bryan T. , Pace Matthew C. , Zaborsky John G. , Starr Julian R. , Cameron Kenneth M. , Givnish Thomas J. , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimAcross angiosperm families, the area occupied by a family is strongly correlated with its richness. We explore the causes of this area‐richness correlation using the cosmopolitan family, Cyperaceae Juss., as a model. We test the hypothesis that, despite a proposed tropical origin, temperate lineages in the family diversified at elevated rates. We test the hypothesis that the area‐richness correlation is maintained within intrafamilial clades, and that this relationship could be described as a function of niche space. We also test the hypothesis that the partitioning of geographical and ecological space, not the extent of this space, is the factor most closely associated with clade richness.LocationCosmopolitan.MethodsWe use molecular data from four genes sequenced in 384 taxa to develop a chronogram of Cyperaceae. We then develop a model of ancestral ranges and measure rates of diversification throughout the history of the family. Integrating data from over 4,800,000 digitized herbarium records, we characterize the range and niche of more than 4500 species and test for correlations of the species richness maintained within clades with range size, range partitioning, range overlap, niche, clade age and rate of diversification.ResultsCyperaceae originated in South America in the late Cretaceous and subsequently dispersed throughout the globe. Of three increases in diversification rate, two occurred in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The variable most closely associated with clade richness is the partitioning of geographical space by species within each clade.Main conclusionsWe show that species‐rich clades in Cyperaceae are not only more widespread, occupy more niche space, and diversify more quickly, but also exhibit patterns that are consistent with the partitioning of geographical and ecological space as a major correlate to diversification.
Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Physalis angulata
Authors: Carniel Naira , Dallago Rogério M. , Dariva Claudio , Bender João Paulo , Nunes Anderson L. , Zanella Odivan , Bilibio Denise , Luiz Priamo Wagner 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this work, microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for the extraction of total polyphenols from Physalis angulata. Several parameters of the MAE procedure (ethanol concentration, irradiation power, extraction time and liquid‐to‐solid ratio) were assessed through an experimental Box‐Behnken design (four variables and three levels). Results indicated a variation from 3.74 to 0.03 mg GAE/g of extract (total polyphenol), 7.77 to 0.5 mg/L (gallic acid), 0.55 to 0.27 mg/L (ellagic acid), 0.26 to 0.02 mg/L (caffeic acid), 0.86 to 0.25 mg/L (rutin) and 2.43 to 0.89 mg/L (mangiferin), and different effects were observed depending on the compounds. In summary, MAE may be used as a suitable approach for the selective extraction of total polyphenols from Physalis angulata.Practical ApplicationsMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) is a potential technique to obtain total phenolic compounds from vegetable sources. This approach increases the yields and reduces the extraction time and the consumption of solvent compared with traditional extraction methods. Extract from Physalis angulata shows high polyphenol content and ethnopharmacological value which may be applied as preservative (in food industry) or due to its biological properties (antioxidant, antipyretic, analgesic and anti‐inflammatory).
Cognitive Dysfunction, Medication Management, and the Risk of Readmission in Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Anderson Ryan E. , Birge Stanley J. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether cognitive dysfunction, in particular impaired executive function, may be a risk factor for early readmission in older adults independently managing their medications.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTertiary hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 years and older discharged to home from the medicine service of a tertiary hospital (N = 452).MeasurementsParticipants underwent a cognitive assessment including the Short Blessed Test (SBT), the executive function component of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Trail‐Making Test Part B (TMT‐B). Hospital use and demographic data were obtained. A logistic regression model was used to fit the likelihood of readmission on the basis of participant characteristics, medication management, and cognitive performance. Likelihood of hospital readmission within 30 days was determined.ResultsFor participants managing medications themselves, adjusted 30‐day odds of readmission increased 13% on average with each point decrease in SBT score (P = .003) and 9% on average with each 0.01 decrease in TMT‐B score (P = .02). For participants who were independent in medication management with more than seven medications, the odds of 30‐day readmission increased 16% on average with each point decrease in SBT score (P = .01) and 15% on average with each 0.01 decrease in TMT‐B score (P = .03).ConclusionCognitive dysfunction, particularly executive dysfunction, is a risk factor for readmission in individuals managing their own medications. This risk is greater in individuals taking more than seven medications. The interaction of cognitive function, medication management, and number of medications may enhance risk‐stratification efforts to identify individuals at risk of early readmission.
Does Polypharmacy in Nursing Homes Affect Long‐Term Mortality?
Authors: Schlesinger Agata , Weiss Avraham , Nenaydenko Olga , Adunsky Abraham , Beloosesky Yichayaou 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between polypharmacy and mortality in nursing home (NH) residents.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingsSix NHs in central Israel.ParticipantsMobile with dementia and fully dependent residents (N = 764; n = 558 (73%) fully dependent, n = 206 (27%) mobile residents with dementia requiring institutional care; mean age 82.2 ± 5.9).MeasurementsTwo‐year mortality and its association with number of drugs that individual residents were taking at baseline, controlled for multiple confounders.ResultsAt baseline, 268 residents were taking five or fewer drugs per day, 202 were taking six or seven, and 294 were taking eight or more. In the multivariate analysis, the likelihood of dying within 2 years in the group taking six or seven drugs per day (odds ratio (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.63–1.43) and in those taking eight or more (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.78–1.84) was similar to that of those taking five or fewer. Variables at baseline independently associated with greater mortality were male sex (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.24–2.46), older age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.04–1.10), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30), and taking anticoagulant (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.01–3.13) or antihyperglycemic medication (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12–2.53). Variables at baseline independently associated with lower mortality were higher body mass index (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99) and taking lipid‐lowering medication (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.36–0.80) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.37–0.75).ConclusionPolypharmacy, defined quantitatively according to number of drugs, was not associated with mortality in these NH residents.
Pain experiences of men and women after cardiac surgery
Authors: Bjørnnes Ann Kristin , Parry Monica , Lie Irene , Fagerland Morten Wang , Watt‐Watson Judy , Rustøen Tone , Stubhaug Audun , Leegaard Marit 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo compare the prevalence and severity of pain in men and women during the first year following cardiac surgery and to examine the predictors of persistent postoperative pain 12 months post surgery.BackgroundPersistent pain has been documented after cardiac surgery, with limited evidence for differences between men and women.DesignProspective cohort study of patients in a randomised controlled trial (N = 416, 23% women) following cardiac surgery.MethodsSecondary data analysis of data collected prior to surgery, across postoperative days 1–4, at two weeks, and at one, three, six and 12 months post surgery. The main outcome was worst pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form).ResultsTwenty‐nine percent (97/339) of patients reported persistent postoperative pain at rest at 12 months that was worse in intensity and interference for women than for men. For both sexes, a more severe co‐morbidity profile, lower education and postoperative pain at rest at one month post surgery were associated with an increased probability for persistent postoperative pain at 12 months. Women with more concerns about communicating pain and a lower intake of analgesics in the hospital had an increased probability of pain at 12 months.ConclusionSex differences in pain are present up to one year following cardiac surgery. Strategies for sex‐targeted pain education and management pre‐ and post‐surgery may lead to better pain outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results suggest that informing patients (particularly women) about the benefits of analgesic use following cardiac surgery may result in less pain over the first year post discharge.