bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the 1H‐, 13C‐, and 15N‐NMR data of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b guided by quantum chemical calculation
Authors: Najdanova Marija , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Berger Stefan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChlorophyll a and chlorophyll b have been isolated and purified by counter current chromatography. The 1H‐, 13C‐, and 15N‐NMR spectra were recorded and compared for the 2 molecules by using arguments based on classical structural properties. This interpretation is fully corroborated by high‐level ab initio quantum chemical calculations.
Bioconjugated Core–Shell Microparticles for High‐Force Optical Trapping
Authors: Cordova Juan Carlos , Reinemann Dana N. , Laky Daniel J. , Hesse William R. , Tushak Sophie K. , Weltman Zane L. , Best Kelsea B. , Bardhan Rizia , Lang Matthew J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to their high spatial resolution and precise application of force, optical traps are widely used to study the mechanics of biomolecules and biopolymers at the single‐molecule level. Recently, core–shell particles with optical properties that enhance their trapping ability represent promising candidates for high‐force experiments. To fully harness their properties, methods for functionalizing these particles with biocompatible handles are required. Here, a straightforward synthesis is provided for producing functional titania core–shell microparticles with proteins and nucleic acids by adding a silane–thiol chemical group to the shell surface. These particles display higher trap stiffness compared to conventional plastic beads featured in optical tweezers experiments. These core–shell microparticles are also utilized in biophysical assays such as amyloid fiber pulling and actin rupturing to demonstrate their high‐force applications. It is anticipated that the functionalized core–shells can be used to probe the mechanics of stable proteins structures that are inaccessible using current trapping techniques.
Neural network–based reconfiguration control for spacecraft formation in obstacle environments
Authors: Zhou Ning , Chen Riqing , Xia Yuanqing , Huang Jie , Wen Guoxing 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes an adaptive formation reconfiguration control scheme based on the leader‐follower strategy for multiple spacecraft systems. By taking the predesigned desired velocities and the trajectories as reference signals, a set of coordination tracking controllers is constructed by combining the reconstructed dynamic system and the neural network–based reconfiguration algorithm together. To avoid collisions between spacecraft and obstacles during the formation configuration process, the null space–based behavioral control is integrated into the control design. Since the spacecraft dynamics contains unknown nonlinearity and disturbance, it is challenging to make the system robust to uncertainties and improve the control precision simultaneously. To solve this problem, both the adaptive neural network strategy and the finite‐time control theory are employed. Finally, 2 simulation examples are carried out to verify the proposed algorithm, showing that the formation reconfiguration task can be executed successfully while achieving high control precision.
Moment exponential stability of stochastic nonlinear delay systems with impulse effects at random times
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the pth moment exponential stability for a class of impulsive stochastic functional differential equations with impulses at random times. The impulsive times considered in this paper are random times that are different from those investigated in the existing literature. By using the stochastic process theory, stochastic analysis theory, Razumikhin technique, and Lyapunov method, we obtain some new criteria of the pth moment exponential stability for the related system. Finally, some examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Nickelhexacyanoferrate‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Voltammetric and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Sensor for Thiocyanate Ion
Authors: Deka Kangkana , Das Diganta K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThiocyanate (SCN−) is present in humane blood serum, saliva and urine which is high in case of smokers and is used to distinguish smokers from non‐smokers. Chronically elevated level of SCN− in body fluids is toxic causing goitre, vertigo, unconsciousness etc. We have developed two modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes by electrodeposition of (i) Nickelhexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and (ii) NiHCF and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). These electrodes show new oxidation peaks at +1.100 V and +1.000 V respectively on interaction with SCN− at μM level. Change in Bode plot on impedance spectroscopic measurement is also observed. Ions Na+, K+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl− and CH3COO− do not interfere.
Band Gap Tuning in Composites of Polypyrrole Derivatives and C60Pd3 Polymer as Models for p–n Junction: A First Principle Computational Study
Authors: Goclon Jakub , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, the electronic properties of a substituted polypyrrole (PPy−R) deposited on a palladium–fullerene polymer (C60Pd2(‐2Pd)) were obtained by first principles DFT+vdW calculations. By introducing both electron‐withdrawing (COOH) and electron‐donating (NH2) substituents into the polypyrrole chain, we modulated the HOMO and LUMO levels of PPy−R/C60Pd2(‐2Pd). Furthermore, we also determined the influence of the second COOH group in each pyrrole ring and the CH3 group linked to the nitrogen atom on the electronic properties. The calculated data show that the type of substituent, as well as the termination of the palladium–fullerene polymer, strongly influences the band gap. The general picture of the mixed systems reveals that the HOMO corresponds to that of PPy/PPy−R and the LUMO corresponds to that of C60Pd2(‐2Pd). For isolated PPy−R, the substituent strongly influences the relative position of the HOMO and LUMO levels toward the vacuum level, and, based on this fact, we can easily tune the band gap of the mixed systems. For the sake of completeness, all configurations, as well as the corresponding total binding energies, were carefully analysed and compared. The adsorption of PPy(‐R) on the Pd‐terminated C60Pd2 led to the formation of surface Py⋅⋅⋅Pd complexes that have higher binding energies than in the case of the C60‐terminated polymer. Furthermore, composites with two PPy chains on C60Pd2 (‐2Pd) were also studied.
Sulfamic Acid: A Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Triaryl‐ and Triheteroarylmethanes from Aldehydes and Activated Arenes
Authors: Li ZhongXian , Liu XiaoPei , Yin Yuanyuan , Li Yujiang , Wang Junwei , Yu XueJun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA practical route to triarylmethanes: Sulfamic acid was found to efficiently catalyze Friedel–Crafts alkylations of 2‐methyl furan or 1, 2, 4‐trimethoxybenzene with a variety of simple or functionalized aldehydes to provide di‐ or triarylmethanes in high yields. The reaction tolerated variety of substitutions and functional groups under “open‐flask”, mild and solvent‐free conditions. Moreover, the Sulfamic acid can be conveniently recycled is especially noteworthy.
Synthesis of g‐C3N4/ZnGa1.9Al0.1O4 Heterojunction Using Narrow and Wide Band Gap Material for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Islam M. Merajul , Tentu Rama D. , Basu Suddhasatwa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe fabricated visible‐light responsive g‐C3N4/ZnGa1.9Al0.1O4 heterojunction nanocomposites using narrow band gap g‐C3N4 and wide band gap mesoporous ZnGa1.9Al0.1O4 by thermolysis and hydrothermal methods. The charge‐transfer, electrons‐holes separation and its kinetics across the intimate interface of g‐C3N4/ZnGa1.9Al0.1O4 were systematically investigated using photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) shows an intimate interface between g‐C3N4 and ZnGa1.9Al0.1O4 nanocrystals in the heterojunctions. The PEC measurements revealed higher photocurrent density towards water splitting in case of heterojunction prepared by thermolysis method compared to hydrothermal process without noble metal co‐catalyst with excellent stability. The remarkable water splitting activity is mainly ascribed to the least recombination rate of electrons and holes, facile kinetics and least charge‐transfer resistance. This is further confirmed by kinetic studies using Tafel slope and exchange‐current density data.
The role of senior management in opportunity formation: Direct involvement or reactive selection?
Authors: Barney Jay B. , Foss Nicolai J. , Lyngsie Jacob 
Published: January 2018

Research Summary: Much research suggests that entrepreneurial opportunities in established firms result from bottom‐up initiative in a diverse workforce, senior management's main role in the entrepreneurial process is to select among opportunities generated in the bottom‐up process, and it should refrain from directly getting involved in this process. We develop an alternative and more active view of the role of senior management in the opportunity formation process in which senior management intervenes in the entrepreneurial process to resolve coordination and collaboration problems across initiatives and decide on resource allocation. We proffer rival hypotheses concerning the effect of such senior management involvement in the entrepreneurial process. Specifically, we hypothesize that the positive relations between bottom‐up initiative/employee diversity and opportunity formation are positively (negatively) moderated by such direct involvement by senior management. We examine these ideas using two matched data sources: a double‐respondent survey of CEOs and HR managers and employer–employee register data. We find support for the view that senior management involvement positively moderates the relations between bottom‐up processes/diversity and opportunity formation.Managerial Summary: What are the processes through which entrepreneurial opportunities emerge in established companies? Research has pointed to diversity and bottom‐up initiative, but our understanding is limited with respect to what senior managers should do to optimally promote entrepreneurship in such companies. In one view, senior management should keep a distance and limit their involvement to picking the best opportunities out of those they are presented with in the bottom‐up process. In contrast, we argue that given bottom‐up initiative in the context of a diverse workforce, senior management should play a more direct role in the entrepreneurial process. The reason is that senior‐management involvement at early stages of the opportunity formation process is required to handle the management challenges arising from diversity and bottom‐up initiative. Overall, our study suggests that firms that wish to seize the potential benefits (in terms of entrepreneurial opportunities) of having a more diverse workforce and more bottom‐up initiative need senior managers that directly engage in the entrepreneurial process.
Microfluidic Templated Multicompartment Microgels for 3D Encapsulation and Pairing of Single Cells
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Chen Kaiwen , Zhang Haoyue , Pang Bo , Choi Chang‐Hyung , Mao Angelo S. , Liao Hongbing , Utech Stefanie , Mooney David J. , Wang Huanan , Weitz David A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractControlled encapsulation and pairing of single cells within a confined 3D matrix can enable the replication of the highly ordered cellular structure of human tissues. Microgels with independently controlled compartments that can encapsulate cells within separately confined hydrogel matrices would provide precise control over the route of pairing single cells. Here, a one‐step microfluidic method is presented to generate monodisperse multicompartment microgels that can be used as a 3D matrix to pair single cells in a highly biocompatible manner. A method is presented to induce microgels formation on chip, followed by direct extraction of the microgels from oil phase, thereby avoiding prolonged exposure of the microgels to the oil. It is further demonstrated that by entrapping stem cells with niche cells within separate but adjacent compartments of the microgels, it can create complex stem cell niche microenvironments in a controlled manner, which can serve as a useful tool for the study of cell–cell interactions. This microfluidic technique represents a significant step toward high‐throughput single cells encapsulation and pairing for the study of intercellular communications at single cell level, which is of significant importance for cell biology, stem cell therapy, and tissue engineering.
Versagen eines Regallagers in Athen
Authors: Vayas Ioannis , Avgerinou Stella , Thanopoulos Pavlos 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPalettenregalsysteme weisen besondere Merkmale gegenüber üblichen Hochbauten auf, so dass sie ganz empfindlich auf Stabilitätsversagen reagieren. Hier wird ein Versagensfall vorgestellt, bei dem ein Regallager durch Biegedrillknicken seiner meistbelasteten Stützen versagt hat. Das Tragwerksverhalten wird mit Hilfe einer Kombination von experimentellen und rechnerischen Untersuchungen analysiert. Es werden Probebelastungen, Biegeversuche an Trägern, Druckversuche an kurzen Stützen und Versuche an Träger‐Stützen‐Verbindungen durchgeführt. Anschließend wird eine globale geometrisch nichtlineare Berechnung durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse weitgehend mit den Bildern des Versagens übereinstimmen. Es werden Lehren gezogen, die auf statische und dynamische Berechnungen und deren Prüfung auf verbindlicher Basis hinausgehen.
Anwendungsgrenzen für eine teilweise Verdübelung von Verbundträgern mit oberflanschlosen Stahlprofilen und Verbunddübelleisten
Authors: Classen Martin , Wieneke Katrin , Komor Bernard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIm EC4 sind Anwendungsgrenzen für die plastische Biegebemessung teilverdübelter Verbundträger geregelt. Neben ausreichender Verbundmittelduktilität (die Kopfbolzendübel müssen ein Verformungsvermögen von mindestens 6 mm besitzen) wird gefordert, dass die Stahlträger identische oder maximal um den dreifachen Wert abweichende Flanschflächen von Ober‐ und Untergurt aufweisen. Darüber hinaus ist eine untere Grenze für die Schubtragfähigkeit der Verbundfuge (Mindestverdübelungsgrad) definiert. Für Verbundträger mit oberflanschlosen Stahlträgern und Verbunddübelleisten wurden entsprechende Anwendungsgrenzen bisher nicht erforscht. Aufgrund deutlicher Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Querschnittsform des Stahlprofils und das Verformungsverhalten der Verbundmittel ist eine einfache Übertragung der Regeln aus EC4 allerdings nicht möglich und voraussichtlich unsicher. Im Rahmen des ersten von zwei Fachaufsätzen zu diesem Thema werden die theoretischen Grundlagen und die Untersuchungsmethodik zur Herleitung von Anwendungsgrenzen für den Teilverbund erläutert. Neben der plastischen Biegebemessung nach Teilverbundtheorie für verschiedene Querschnitte werden nichtlineare, dreidimensionale FE‐Modelle für Verbundträger mit oberflanschlosen Stahlträgern und Verbunddübelleisten entwickelt und an Versuchen aus der Literatur validiert.
Improving lazy abstraction for SCR specifications through constraint relaxation
Authors: Degiovanni Renzo , Ponzio Pablo , Aguirre Nazareno , Frias Marcelo 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFormal requirements specifications, eg, software cost reduction (SCR) specifications, are challenging to analyse using automated techniques such as model checking. Since such specifications are meant to capture requirements, they tend to refer to real‐world magnitudes often characterized through variables over large domains. At the same time, they feature a high degree of nondeterminism, as opposed to other analysis contexts such as (sequential) program verification. This makes model checking of SCR specifications difficult even for symbolic approaches. Moreover, automated abstraction refinement techniques such as counterexample guided abstraction refinement fail in many cases in this context, since the concrete state space is typically large, and reaching specific states of interest may require complex executions involving many different states, causing these approaches to perform many abstraction refinements, and making them ineffective in practice. In this paper, an approach to tackle the above situation, through a 2‐stage abstraction, is presented. The specification is first relaxed, by disregarding the constraints imposed in the specification by physical laws or by the environment, before being fed to a counterexample guided abstraction refinement procedure, tailored to SCR. By relaxing the original specification, shorter spurious counterexamples are produced, favouring the abstraction refinement through the introduction of fewer abstraction predicates. Then, when a counterexample is concretizable with respect to the relaxed (concrete) specification but it is spurious with respect to the original specification, an efficient though incomplete refinement step is applied to the constraints, to cause the removal of the spurious case. This approach is experimentally assessed, comparing it with related techniques in the verification of properties and in automated test case generation, using various SCR specifications drawn from the literature as case studies. The experiments show that this new approach runs faster and scales better to larger, more complex specifications than related techniques.
Pharmacokinetics, Antiviral Activity, and Safety of Rilpivirine in Pregnant Women with HIV-1 Infection: Results of a Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-Label Study
Authors: Osiyemi Olayemi , Yasin Salih , Zorrilla Carmen , Bicer Ceyhun , Hillewaert Vera , Brown Kimberley , Crauwels Herta M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Physiologic changes during pregnancy may impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In addition, efficacy and safety/tolerability concerns have been identified for some antiretroviral agents.

Methods
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected pregnant women (18–26 weeks gestation) receiving the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine 25 mg once daily were enrolled in this phase 3b, open-label study examining the impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine when it is given in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Blood samples (collected over the 24-h dosing interval) to assess total and unbound rilpivirine plasma concentrations were obtained during the second and third trimesters (24–28 and 34–38 weeks gestation, respectively) and 6–12 weeks postpartum. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental analysis and compared (pregnancy versus postpartum) using linear mixed effects modeling. Antiviral and immunologic response and safety were assessed.

Results
Nineteen women were enrolled; 15 had evaluable pharmacokinetic results. Total rilpivirine exposure was 29–31% lower during pregnancy versus postpartum; differences were less pronounced for unbound (pharmacodynamically active) rilpivirine. At study entry, 12/19 (63.2%) women were virologically suppressed; 10/12 (83.3%) women were suppressed at the postpartum visit. Twelve infants were born to the 12 women who completed the study (7 discontinued); no perinatal viral transmission was observed among 10 infants with available data. Rilpivirine was generally safe and well tolerated in women and infants exposed in utero.

Conclusion
Despite decreased rilpivirine exposure during pregnancy, treatment was effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission and suppressing HIV-1 RNA in pregnant women. Results suggest that rilpivirine 25 mg once daily, as part of individualized combination antiretroviral therapy, may be an appropriate option for HIV-1–infected pregnant women.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00855335.
PARTY CARTELIZATION, INDONESIAN-STYLE: PRESIDENTIAL POWER-SHARING AND THE CONTINGENCY OF DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION
Authors: Slater Dan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDemocracy and opposition are supposed to go hand in hand. Opposition did not emerge as automatically as expected after Indonesia democratized, however, because presidents shared power much more widely than expected. The result has been what I call party cartelization, Indonesian-style. This differs significantly from canonical cases of party cartelization in Europe. Yet it exhibits the same troubling outcome for democratic accountability: the stunted development of a clearly identifiable party opposition. Since the advent of direct presidential elections in 2004, Indonesian democratic competition has unsurprisingly assumed somewhat more of a government vs. opposition cast. But this shift has arisen more from contingent failures of elite bargaining than from any decisive change in the power-sharing game. So long as Indonesia's presidents consider it strategically advantageous to share power with any party that declares its support, opposition will remain difficult to identify and vulnerable to being extinguished entirely in the world's largest emerging democracy.
Defining the Scope of Free Movement of Citizens in the East African Community: The East African Court of Justice and its Interpretive Approach
Authors: Nalule Caroline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFree movement of persons is one of the core tenets of the East African Community (EAC) common market, making it seem like a purely economic project. However the EAC ultimately aims to constitute itself as a political federation. This article argues that the free movement of persons within the EAC should be interpreted in broad terms with the aim of asserting it as a fundamental right of EAC citizens. Such an interpretation should be championed by the East African Court of Justice, whose mandate is the interpretation and application of community law. The court, however, seems to prefer a narrow, textual and cautious interpretive approach that may not necessarily advance the EAC's broader objectives. A human rights-oriented interpretive approach might just be the key to realizing a progressive transformation in the rationalization of the right to free movement within the EAC.
Improved exogenous DNA uptake in bovine spermatozoa and gene expression in embryos using membrane destabilizing agents in ICSI-SMGT
Authors: Sánchez-Villalba Esther , Arias María Elena , Zambrano Fabiola , Loren Pía , Felmer Ricardo 
Published: January 2018

SummarySperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is a simple, fast, and economical biotechnological tool for producing transgenic animals. However, transgene expression with this technique in bovine embryos is still inefficient due to low uptake and binding of exogenous DNA in spermatozoa. The present study evaluated the effects of sperm membrane destabilization on the binding capacity, location and quantity of bound exogenous DNA in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa using Triton X-100 (TX-100), lysolecithin (LL) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Effects of these treatments were also evaluated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-SMGT. Results showed that all treatments bound exogenous DNA to spermatozoa including the control. Spermatozoa treated with different membrane destabilizing agents bound the exogenous DNA throughout the head and tail of spermatozoa, compared with the control, in which binding occurred mainly in the post-acrosomal region and tail. The amount of exogenous DNA bound to spermatozoa was much higher for the different sperm treatments than the control (P < 0.05), most likely due to the damage induced by these treatments to the plasma and acrosomal membranes. Exogenous gene expression in embryos was also improved by these treatments. These results demonstrated that sperm membrane destabilization could be a novel strategy in bovine SMGT protocols for the generation of transgenic embryos by ICSI.