bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Small Channel with the Superposition and Asymptotic Correlations
Authors: Mohd-Yunos Yushazaziah , Mohd-Ghazali Normah , Mohamad Maziah , Pamitran Agus Sunjarianto , Oh Jong-Taek 
Published: November 2017

Heat transfer coefficient as an important characteristic in heat exchanger design is determined by the correlation developed from previous experimental work or accumulation of published data. Although discrepancies still exist between the existing correlations and practical data, several researchers claimed theirs as a generalized heat transfer correlation. Through optimization method, this study predicts the heat transfer coefficient of two-phase flow of propane in a small channel at the saturation temperature of 10[Formula: see text]C using two categories of correlation — superposition and asymptotic. Both methods consist of the contribution of nucleate boiling and forced convective heat transfer, the mechanisms that contribute to the total two-phase heat transfer coefficient, which become as two objective functions to be maximized. The optimization of experimental parameters of heat flux, mass flux, channel diameter and vapor quality is done by using genetic algorithm within a range of 5–20[Formula: see text]kW/m2, 100–250[Formula: see text]kg/m2[Formula: see text]s, 1.5–3[Formula: see text]mm and 0.009–0.99, respectively. In the result, the selected correlations under optimized condition agreed on the dominant mechanism at low and high vapor qualities are caused by the nucleate boiling and forced convective heat transfer, respectively. The optimization work served as an alternative approach in identifying optimized parameters from different correlations to achieve high heat transfer coefficient by giving a fast prediction of parameter range, particularly for the investigation of any new refrigerant. In parallel with some experimental works, a quick prediction is possible to reduce time and cost. From the four selected generalized correlations, Bertsch et al. show the closer trend with the reference experimental work until vapor quality of 0.6.
MARC
Authors: Ferroni Matteo , Corna Andrea , Damiani Andrea , Brondolin Rolando , Kubiatowicz John D. , Sciuto Donatella , Santambrogio Marco D. 
Published: November 2017

Autonomicity is a golden feature when dealing with a high level of complexity. This complexity can be tackled partitioning huge systems in small autonomous modules, i.e., agents. Each agent then needs to be capable of extracting knowledge from its environment and to learn from it, in order to fulfill its goals: this could not be achieved without proper modeling techniques that allow each agent to gaze beyond its sensors. Unfortunately, the simplicity of agents and the complexity of modeling do not fit together, thus demanding for a third party to bridge the gap.
Given the opportunities in the field, the main contributions of this work are twofold: (1) we propose a general methodology to model resource consumption trends and (2) we implemented it into MARC, a Cloud-service platform that produces Models-as-a-Service, thus relieving self-aware agents from the burden of building their custom modeling framework. In order to validate the proposed methodology, we set up a custom simulator to generate a wide spectrum of controlled traces: this allowed us to verify the correctness of our framework from a general and comprehensive point of view.
Response of supraoculomotor area neurons during combined saccade-vergence movements
Authors: Pallus Adam C. , Walton Mark M. G. , Mustari Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

Combined saccade-vergence movements allow humans and other primates to align their eyes with objects of interest in three-dimensions. In the absence of saccades, vergence movements are typically slow, symmetrical movements of the two eyes in opposite directions. However, combined saccade-vergence movements produce vergence velocities that exceed values observed during vergence alone. This phenomenon is often called “vergence enhancement”, or “saccade-facilitated vergence,” though it is important to consider that rapid vergence changes, known as “vergence transients,” are also observed during conjugate saccades. We developed a visual target array that allows monkeys to make saccades in all directions between targets spaced at distances that correspond to ~1° intervals of vergence angle relative to the monkey. We recorded the activity of vergence-sensitive neurons in the supra-oculomotor area (SOA), located dorsal and lateral to the oculomotor nucleus while monkeys made saccades with vergence amplitudes ranging from 0 to 10°. The primary focus of this study was to test the hypothesis that neurons in the SOA fire a high frequency burst of spikes during saccades that could generate the enhanced vergence. We found that individual neurons encode vergence velocity during both saccadic and non-saccadic vergence, yet firing rates were insufficient to produce the observed enhancement of vergence velocity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that slow vergence changes are encoded by the SOA while fast vergence movements require an additional contribution from the saccadic system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Research into combined saccade-vergence movements has so far focused on exploring the saccadic neural circuitry, leading to diverging hypotheses regarding the role of the vergence system in this behavior. In this study, we report the first quantitative analysis of the discharge of individual neurons that encode vergence velocity in the monkey brain stem during combined saccade-vergence movements.
Patterns of intermuscular inhibitory force feedback across cat hindlimbs suggest a flexible system for regulating whole limb mechanics
Authors: Lyle Mark A. , Nichols T. Richard 
Published: November 2017

Prior work has suggested that Golgi tendon organ feedback, via its distributed network linking muscles spanning all joints, could be used by the nervous system to help regulate whole limb mechanics if appropriately organized. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the patterns of intermuscular force-dependent feedback between the primary extensor muscles spanning the knee, ankle, and toes in decerebrate cat hindlimbs. Intermuscular force feedback was evaluated by stretching tendons of selected muscles in isolation and in pairwise combinations and then measuring the resulting force-dependent intermuscular interactions. The relative inhibitory feedback between extensor muscles was examined, as well as symmetry of the interactions across limbs. Differences in the directional biases of inhibitory feedback were observed across cats, with three patterns identified as points on a spectrum: pattern 1, directional bias of inhibitory feedback onto the ankle extensors and toe flexors; pattern 2, convergence of inhibitory feedback onto ankle extensors and mostly balanced inhibitory feedback between vastus muscle group and flexor hallucis longus, and pattern 3, directional bias of inhibitory feedback onto ankle and knee extensors. The patterns of inhibitory feedback, while different across cats, were symmetric across limbs of individual cats. The variable but structured distribution of force feedback across cat hindlimbs provides preliminary evidence that inhibitory force feedback could be a regulated neural control variable. We propose the directional biases of inhibitory feedback observed experimentally could provide important task-dependent benefits, such as directionally appropriate joint compliance, joint coupling, and compensation for nonuniform inertia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Feedback from Golgi tendon organs project widely among extensor motor nuclei in the spinal cord. The distributed nature of force feedback suggests these pathways contribute to the global regulation of limb mechanics. Analysis of this network in individual animals indicates that the strengths of these pathways can be reorganized appropriately for a variety of motor tasks, including level walking, slope walking, and landing.
Novel Ca2+-dependent mechanisms regulate spontaneous release at excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Babiec Walter E. , O’Dell Thomas J. 
Published: November 2017

Although long thought to simply be a source of synaptic noise, spontaneous, action potential-independent release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals has multiple roles in synaptic function. We explored whether and to what extent the two predominantly proposed mechanisms for explaining spontaneous release, stochastic activation of voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) or activation of Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) by extracellular Ca2+, played a role in the sensitivity of spontaneous release to the level of extracellular Ca2+concentration at excitatory synapses at CA1 pyramidal cells of the adult male mouse hippocampus. Blocking VGCCs with Cd2+had no effect on spontaneous release, ruling out stochastic activation of VGCCs. Although divalent cation agonists of CaSRs, Co2+and Mg2+, dramatically enhanced miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency, potent positive and negative allosteric modulators of CaSRs had no effect. Moreover, immunoblot analysis of hippocampal lysates failed to detect CaSR expression, ruling out the CaSR. Instead, the increase in mEPSC frequency induced by Co2+and Mg2+was mimicked by lowering postsynaptic Ca2+levels with BAPTA. Together, our results suggest that a reduction in intracellular Ca2+may trigger a homeostatic-like compensatory response that upregulates spontaneous transmission at excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult hippocampus.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that the predominant theories for explaining the regulation of spontaneous, action potential-independent synaptic release do not explain the sensitivity of this type of synaptic transmission to external Ca2+concentration at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. In addition, our data indicate that intracellular Ca2+levels in CA1 pyramidal cells regulate spontaneous release, suggesting that excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells may express a novel, rapid form of homeostatic plasticity.
Assessing TMS-induced D and I waves with spinal H-reflexes
Authors: Niemann Niclas , Wiegel Patrick , Kurz Alexander , Rothwell John C. , Leukel Christian 
Published: November 2017

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex produces a series of descending volleys known as D (direct) and I (indirect) waves. In the present study, we questioned whether spinal H-reflexes can be used to dissect D waves and early and late I waves from TMS. We therefore probed H-reflex facilitation at arrival times of D and I waves at the spinal level and thereby changed TMS parameters that have previously been shown to have selective effects on evoked D and different I waves. We changed TMS intensity and current direction and applied a double-pulse paradigm known as short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Experiments were conducted in flexor carpi radialis (FCR) in the arm and soleus (SOL) in the leg. There were two major findings: 1) in FCR, H-reflex facilitation showed characteristic modulations with altered TMS parameters that correspond to the changes of evoked D and I waves; and 2) H-reflexes in SOL did not, possibly because of increased interference from other spinal circuits. Therefore, the most significant outcome of this study is that in FCR, H-reflexes combined with TMS seem to be a useful technique to dissect TMS-induced D and I waves. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Questions that relate to corticospinal function in pathophysiology and movement control demand sophisticated techniques to provide information about corticospinal mechanisms. We introduce a noninvasive electrophysiological technique that may be useful in describing such mechanisms in more detail by dissecting D and I waves from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Based on the combination of spinal H-reflexes and TMS in the flexor carpi radialis muscle, the technique was shown to measure selective effects on D and I waves from changing TMS parameters.
A Review of Physical Activity and Circulating miRNA Expression: Implications in Cancer Risk and Progression
Authors: Dufresne Suzanne , Rébillard Amélie , Muti Paola , Friedenreich Christine M. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The role of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) in carcinogenesis has garnered considerable scientific interest. miRNAs may contribute actively to cancer development and progression, making them potential targets for cancer prevention and therapy. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) have been shown to alter c-miRNA expression, but the subsequent impact on cancer risk and prognosis is unknown. To provide a better understanding of how PA reduces the risk of cancer incidence and improves patient outcomes, we conducted a review of the impact of PA on c-miRNA expression, which includes a comprehensive synthesis of studies examining the impacts of acute and chronic exercise on expression of c-miRNAs. While the variability in methods used to assess miRNA expression creates challenges in comparing and/or synthesizing the literature, results to date suggest that the circulating form of several miRNAs known for playing a role in cancer (c-miR-133, c-miR-221/222, c-miR-126, and c-let-7) are altered by both acute and chronic PA. Additional research should develop standardized procedures for assessing both c-miRNA and PA measurement to improve the comparability of research results regarding the direction and amplitude of changes in c-miRNAs in response to PA. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 11–24. ©2017 AACR.
A P53-Deficiency Gene Signature Predicts Recurrence Risk of Patients with Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yanding , Varn Frederick S. , Cai Guoshuai , Xiao Feifei , Amos Christopher I. , Cheng Chao 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality rate of all cancer types, and the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. To apply more effective therapeutic treatment, molecular markers that are able to predict the recurrence risk of patients with adenocarcinoma are critically needed. Mutations in TP53 tumor suppressor gene have been found in approximately 50% of lung adenocarcinoma cases, but the presence of a TP53 mutation does not always associate with increased mortality.
Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA sequencing data of lung adenocarcinoma were used to define a novel gene signature for P53 deficiency. This signature was then used to calculate a sample-specific P53 deficiency score based on a patient's transcriptomic profile and tested in four independent lung adenocarcinoma microarray datasets.
Results: In all datasets, P53 deficiency score was a significant predictor for recurrence-free survival where high P53 deficiency score was associated with poor survival. The score was prognostic even after adjusting for several key clinical variables including age, tumor stage, smoking status, and P53 mutation status. Furthermore, the score was able to predict recurrence-free survival in patients with stage I adenocarcinoma and was also associated with smoking status.
Conclusions: The P53 deficiency score was a better predictor of recurrence-free survival compared with P53 mutation status and provided additional prognostic values to established clinical factors.
Impact: The P53 deficiency score can be used to stratify early-stage patients into subgroups based on their risk of recurrence for aiding physicians to decide personalized therapeutic treatment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 86–95. ©2017 AACR.
Autoantibodies against HSF1 and CCDC155 as Biomarkers of Early-Stage, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wilson Amy L. , Moffitt Laura R. , Duffield Nadine , Rainczuk Adam , Jobling Tom W. , Plebanski Magdalena , Stephens Andrew N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground: Tumor-directed circulating autoantibodies (AAb) are a well-established feature of many solid tumor types, and are often observed prior to clinical disease manifestation. As such, they may provide a good indicator of early disease development. We have conducted a pilot study to identify novel AAbs as markers of early-stage HGSOCs.Methods: A rare cohort of patients with early (FIGO stage Ia-c) HGSOCs for IgG, IgA, and IgM-mediated AAb reactivity using high-content protein arrays (containing 9,184 individual proteins). AAb reactivity against selected antigens was validated by ELISA in a second, independent cohort of individual patients.Results: A total of 184 antigens were differentially detected in early-stage HGSOC patients compared with all other patient groups assessed. Among the six most highly detected “early-stage” antigens, anti-IgA AAbs against HSF1 and anti-IgG AAbs CCDC155 (KASH5; nesprin 5) were significantly elevated in patients with early-stage malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that AAbs against HSF1 provided better detection of early-stage malignancy than CA125 alone. Combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 also improved efficacy at higher sensitivity.Conclusions: The combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 may be useful for early-stage HGSOC detection.Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify AAbs associated with early-stage HGSOC. The presence and high frequency of specific AAbs in early-stage cancer patients warrants a larger scale examination to define their value for early disease detection at primary diagnosis and/or recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 183–92. ©2017 AACR.
Minimally Invasive Stand-Alone Cox Maze Procedure for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ad Niv , Holmes Sari D. , Friehling Ted 
Published: November 2017

Background
Rhythm control is challenging in patients with extended atrial fibrillation (AF) duration and persistent/long-standing persistent AF. Among surgical approaches to treat AF, the Cox maze procedure performed using alternative energy sources remains superior to other beating heart techniques. We examined permanence of safety and success for the on-pump, minimally invasive, stand-alone Cox maze procedure 5 years after surgery.

Methods and Results

Stand-alone, right 5 cm minithoracotomy, Cox maze III/IV procedure for nonparoxysmal AF was conducted in 133 patients (mean follow-up=65±34 months). Data collected prospectively at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months and yearly thereafter and reported per Heart Rhythm Society Guidelines. Paired-samples
t
tests evaluated quality of life changes. Mean age was 57.3±9.2 years, mean LA size was 4.9±1.1 cm, median AF duration was 51 months, and 78% had long-standing persistent AF. All procedures performed with no conversion to midsternotomy, no renal failure, strokes, or operative mortality (<30 days), transient ischemic attack in 1 patient, reoperation for bleeding in 2 patients, and median length of stay was 4 days [3–5.5 days]. At 5 years, 73% were in sinus rhythm off antiarrhythmic medications after single intervention, 1 stroke (718 patient-years) with 81% off anticoagulation, catheter ablation reinterventions in 13 patients for atrial arrhythmia, and cardioversions in 15 patients. Quality of life scores improved significantly by 12 months after surgery.

Conclusions
Successful ablation for nonparoxysmal AF is challenging. Therefore, periprocedural safety and long-term efficacy of minimally invasive Cox maze procedures should be noted. Continued refinement of decision-making techniques is warranted to improve patient selection for the appropriate intervention to treat AF.
Circulating Total Bilirubin and Future Risk of Hypertension in the General Population: The Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease (PREVEND) Prospective Study and a Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Kieneker Lyanne M. , Burgess Stephen , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Dullaart Robin P.F. 
Published: November 2017

Background
Circulating total bilirubin is known to be inversely and independently associated with future risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship of circulating total bilirubin with incident hypertension is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of total bilirubin with future hypertension risk and supplemented this with a Mendelian randomization approach to investigate any causal relevance to the association.

Methods and Results

Plasma total bilirubin levels were measured at baseline in the
PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease)
prospective study of 3989 men and women without hypertension. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of total bilirubin with incident hypertension were assessed. New‐onset hypertension was recorded in 1206 participants during a median follow‐up of 10.7 years. Baseline total bilirubin was approximately log‐linearly associated with hypertension risk. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted
hazard ratio
for hypertension per 1‐SD increase in log
e
total bilirubin was 0.86 (0.81–0.92;
P
<0.001), which was attenuated to 0.94 (0.88–0.99;
P
=0.040) after further adjustment for established risk factors and other potential confounders. The association was marginally significant on further adjustment for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (0.94; 0.88–1.00;
P
=0.067). A genetic variant at the
UGT
1A1*28 locus consistently shown to be strongly associated with circulating bilirubin levels—rs6742078—was not significantly associated with blood pressure or hypertension (
P
>0.05 for all), arguing against a strong causal association of circulating bilirubin with blood pressure.

Conclusions
The weak and inverse association of circulating total bilirubin with future hypertension risk may be driven by biases such as unmeasured confounding and/or reverse causation. Further evaluation is warranted.