bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryotherapy for Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liang Zhimin , Ding Zichuan , Wang Duan , Guo Yuchen , Zhu Ling , Luo Zeyu , Li Lingli 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite being well‐studied and widely utilized, the efficacy of cryotherapy after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in enhancing early rehabilitation lacks consensus. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate (1) whether cryotherapy is able to promote the rehabilitation of patients undergoing TKA and (2) whether continuous cold flow device has superior results than cold pack in cryotherapy.MethodsA comprehensive trial searching was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar electronic databases in May, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cryotherapy with no cryotherapy or comparing continuous cold flow device with cold pack after TKA were included. The primary outcome was visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, and secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, blood loss (hemoglobin decrease and drainage), range of motion (ROM), swelling, length of stay (LOS), and adverse event.ResultsA total of 31 RCTs were included in this meta‐analysis with 18 trials comparing cryotherapy with no cryotherapy and 13 trials comparing continuous cold flow device with cold pack. Pooled results showed cryotherapy group had significantly lower VAS scores than no cryotherapy group on postoperative day (POD) 1 (MD, −0.59 [95% CI, −1.14 to −0.04]; p = 0.04), POD 2 (MD, −0.84 [95% CI, −1.65 to −0.03]; p = 0.04), and POD 3 (MD, −0.86 [95% CI, −1.65 to −0.07]; p = 0.03). Cryotherapy group also showed reduced opioid consumption, reduced hemoglobin loss, decreased drainage, and improved ROM after TKA. Continuous cold flow device group had comparable VAS, opioid consumption, blood loss, ROM, knee swelling, and LOS with cold pack group.ConclusionCryotherapy can effectively alleviate postoperative pain, reduce blood loss, improve ROM, and thus promote the postoperative rehabilitation for TKA patients, but the continuous cold flow device did not show better efficacy than cold packs. These findings support the routine use of cryotherapy for the rapid rehabilitation of TKA patients, and the traditional cold pack is still recommended.
Edited eukaryotic translation initiation factors confer resistance against maize lethal necrosis
Authors: Wen Zhengyu , Lu Fengzhong , Jung Mark , Humbert Sabrina , Marshall Lisa , Hastings Craig , Wu Emily , Jones Todd , Pacheco Mario , Martinez Ivan , Suresh L.M. , Beyene Yoseph , Boddupalli Prasanna , Pixley Kevin , Dhugga Kanwarpal S. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryMaize lethal necrosis (MLN), which is caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus along with a potyvirus, has threatened the food security of smallholders in sub‐Saharan Africa. Mutations in eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs), which also facilitate virus genome translation, are known to confer variable resistance against viruses. Following phylogenetic analysis, we selected two eIF4E proteins from maize as the most likely candidates to facilitate MLN infection. A knockout (KO) of each of the corresponding genes in elite but MLN‐susceptible maize lines conferred only partial protection. Our inability to knockout both the genes together suggested that at least one was required for survival. When we edited (ED) the eIF4E genes in Mini Maize, however, the plants with the eif4e1‐KO became highly resistant, whereas those with the eif4e2‐KO remained susceptible. Neither of the causal viruses could be detected in the MLN‐inoculated eif4e1‐KO plants. The eIF4E2 cDNA in Mini Maize lacked the entire 4th exon, causing a 22‐amino acid in‐frame deletion, which shortened the protein to 198 amino acids. When we introduced mutations in the 4th exon of the eIF4E2 gene in two elite, MLN‐susceptible lines pre‐edited for an eif4e1‐KO, we obtained as strong resistance against MLN as in eif4e1‐KO Mini Maize. The MLN‐inoculated lines with eif4e1‐KO/eIF4E2‐exon‐4ED performed as well as the uninoculated wild‐type lines. We demonstrate that the C‐terminal 38 amino acids of eIF4E2 are dispensable for normal plant growth but are required for the multiplication of MLN viruses. Our discovery has wide applications across plant species for developing virus‐resistant varieties.
Utilizing Health Literacy to Empower Latino Adolescents
Authors: Sailsman Sonique , Johnson Robyn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLatinos are a minority population that experience many healthcare disparities that impact their access to health‐related services. Improvement of health literacy is one way that healthcare providers can positively influence health outcomes within this population. Changes in educational curriculum have limited student's exposure to health information and created a gap in knowledge. A presentation regarding health literacy and advocacy was created for a group of Latino adolescents at a metro area high school. The presentation was offered in English, providing education on how to obtain health information from reputable sources, best words to describe symptoms of illness, and tips to successfully advocate for family members who may have difficulty communicating in English. The overall experience of the students was positive and impactful based on engagement and anecdotal feedback. The hope is to continue to partner with community organizations and improve health literacy among Latino adolescents and their families.
Do we have a duty not to discriminate when we date?
Authors: Sommer Degn Simone , Midtgaard Søren Flinch 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany believe that we have a duty not to discriminate when we act in certain ‘public’ capacities, for example when it is our job to select among various candidates for a job. In contrast, they deny that we have duties of a similar kind in our private lives, for example in our romantic lives. In this paper, we challenge this well‐entrenched asymmetry. We do so primarily by canvassing and rebutting central arguments to the effect that acting discriminatorily, for example when we date, is something we have a right to, including arguments from: (1) freedom of association, (2) legitimate self‐interest, (3) power and (4) love versus duties. In this way, we challenge a common permissive view regarding private discrimination.
Evaluation of Annona muricata Linn Leaves Extracts from Maceration and Ultrasonic-Assisted Methods for Anticancer Activity on HLFa Cells
Authors: Mohamad Rosdi Mohamad Norisham , Husin Fitrien , Yaakob Harisun 
Published: October 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly kind of cancer that contributes significantly to the global cancer mortality rate. It is distinguished by a significant level of malignancy and unfavourable prognosis. The molecular pathways responsible for tumour invasion and migration in NSCLC are not fully understood, despite their widespread occurrence and significant consequences. Moreover, the ability of cancer cells to withstand the effects of chemical treatments presents a substantial obstacle in the creation of successful treatment approaches for NSCLC. Annona muricata Linn (A. muricata) is known to possess powerful anticancer bioactive components. A. muricata extracts have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential among a wide range of botanical compounds. However, the specific molecular interactions of the plant have not yet been revealed. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of A. muricata leaves extracts on the NSCLC cell line and compare the efficacy of two different extraction methods, namely maceration extraction (ME) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Results showed that ME demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to UAE, with respective percentages of 81.4% and 29.4%. However, the UAE extract demonstrated more pronounced cytotoxic effects on the NSCLC cell line (HLFa) with an IC50 value of 139.6 µg/ml, indicating a stronger antiproliferative effect on cancer cell. Both ME and UAE extracts reduced nitrite release in HLFa cell supernatants, with the ME extract showing superior activity. Treatment with ME and UAE also resulted in the activation of Caspase3/7, indicating the induction of apoptosis in HLFa cells compared to the untreated control. The extracts and Cisplatin differ approximately 0.3-fold in caspase 3/7 activation though it was not statistically significant. This activation suggests that both extraction methods effectively initiate the apoptotic cascade which is crucial for the elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, the UAE extract significantly reduced BCL-2 mRNA levels (p<0.05). The significant reduction in BCL-2, a protein that prevents apoptosis reflect the extract’ ability to modulate key apoptotic regulators with the most significant activity when UAE extracts were used. In summary, A.muricata leaves extracts obtained through both ME and UAE methods exhibited promising anticancer effects against NSCLC, with UAE extracts exhibiting superior activity. These findings pave the way for further investigations into the use of A.muricata in cancer treatment and the development of new therapeutic agents based on its properties.
Left ventricular unloading to facilitate ventricular remodelling in heart failure: A narrative review of mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Kayali Fatima , Tahhan Owais , Vecchio Guglielmo , Jubouri Matti , Noubani Judi M. , Bailey Damian M. , Williams Ian M. , Awad Wael I. , Bashir Mohamad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeart failure represents a dynamic clinical challenge with the continuous rise of a multi‐morbid and ageing population. Yet, the evolving nature of mechanical circulatory support offers a variety of means to manage candidates who might benefit from such interventions. This narrative review focuses on the role of the main mechanical circulatory support devices, such as ventricular assist device, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Impella and TandemHeart, in the physiological process of ventricular unloading and remodelling in heart failure, highlighting their characteristics, mechanism and clinical outcomes. The outcome measures described include physiological changes (i.e., stroke volume or preload and afterload), intracardiac pressure (i.e., end‐diastolic pressure) and extracardiac pressure (i.e., pulmonary capillary wedge pressure). Overall, all the above mechanical circulatory support strategies can facilitate the unloading of the ventricular failure through different mechanisms, which subsequently affects the ventricular remodelling process. These physiological changes start immediately after ventricular assist device implantation. The devices are indicated in different but overlapping populations and operate in distinctive ways; yet, they have evidenced performance to a favourable standard to improve cardiac function in heart failure, although this proved variable for different devices, and further high‐quality trials are vital to assess their clinical outcomes further. Both Impella and TandemHeart are indicated mainly in cardiogenic shock and high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention patients; at the time the literature was evaluated, both devices were found to yield a significant improvement in haemodynamics but not in survival. Nevertheless, the choice of device strategy should be based on individual patient factors, including indication, to optimize clinical outcomes.
Characteristics of Fuel-Borne Nitrogen Pollutants in Hydrogen–Ammonia Mixtures Using Argon–Oxygen Atmosphere Under Engine Conditions
Authors: Yan Yuchao , Yin Zibin , Yang Ruomiao , Ou Juan , Xie Tianfang , Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amid climate change, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and transitioning to renewable energy sources is crucial. Ammonia, a carbon-free and renewable fuel, shows significant potential as an alternative energy source. By incorporating hydrogen as an additive, its flammability can be enhanced to suit existing spark-ignition engines. However, understanding the characteristics of nitrogen pollutant emissions (i.e., NOx, which includes NO and NO2, and N2O) from ammonia–hydrogen combustion is challenging due to contributions from both fuel-borne and air-borne nitrogen. However, understanding the characteristics of nitrogen pollutant emissions from ammonia–hydrogen combustion is challenging due to contributions from both fuel-borne and air-borne nitrogen. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of fuel-borne nitrogen pollutants during ammonia–hydrogen combustion is essential. This study focuses on investigating fuel-borne nitrogen pollutants in argon–oxygen atmosphere, thereby eliminating nitrogen from the oxidizer and its role in thermal NOx formation. The research examines the formation and evolution of fuel-borne nitrogen pollutants during ammonia–hydrogen combustion under engine-like conditions. Results indicate that fuel-borne nitrogen pollutants act as intermediates, potentially originating from chemical equilibrium. While fuel NO predominantly forms in the burning zone, it undergoes a reduction in the burned zone. N2O, absent in thermal NOx mechanisms, shows significant concentrations in the burning zone and is mostly converted to N2, leading to limited N2O in the final fuel-borne nitrogen pollutant concentration. Lean-burn conditions, hydrogen addition, and oxyfuel combustion promote fuel NOx formation. Additionally, the equivalence ratio affects the ammonia–hydrogen premixed flame structure due to the de-NOx effect of ammonia. Overall, these findings highlight that fuel-borne nitrogen pollutant mechanisms differ from thermal NOx mechanisms, necessitating specially designed reduction technologies for clean spark-ignition engines.
Influence of the Position of an Internal Heat Exchanger on the Performance of a Dual-Evaporator Ejector Refrigeration System
Authors: Boumaraf Latra , Abid Chérifa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Energy and exergy analyses were performed to assess the effect of the internal heat exchanger (IHX) position on the performance characteristics of a dual-evaporator refrigeration system using an ejector as an expansion device. Three positions were tested. The first one generates a superheating at the suction of the compressor, the second generates a superheating of the secondary fluid at the inlet of the ejector, and the third generates a superheating of the primary fluid at the inlet of the motive nozzle. The results of the simulation show that it is the second position that leads to the best increases in performance characteristics of the refrigeration system. With improvements in coefficient of performance (COP), volumetric cooling capacity, exergy efficiency, and refrigeration cooling capacity of 9.38%, 9.58%, 5.18%, and 19.12%, respectively, R1234yf is the best fluid. However, the use of IHX is not recommended for R717, especially in position 1. The results also show that the contribution of IHX to increasing system performance is greater the higher the degree of subcooling and the lower the IHX effectiveness. It was also noted that system performance increases with condensing and refrigeration temperatures and decreases with freezing temperature.
Antiviral mechanisms of guanylate-binding protein 5: versatile inhibition of multiple viral glycoproteins
Authors: Sauter Daniel , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are interferon-inducible cellular factors known to inhibit a wide variety of pathogens. Humans encode seven GBPs that have functionally diversified to provide broad protection against a variety of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Here, we discuss recent data on the mechanisms underlying the broad antiviral activity of GBP5 (H. Veler, C. M. Lun, A. A. Waheed, and E. O. Freed, mBio e02086-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02086-24
) and place them in the context of previous studies on the ability of this antiviral factor to impair the function of numerous viral envelope (Env) glycoproteins. We focus on the effects of GBP5 on the glycosylation, proteolytic processing, and anterograde transport of Env and discuss mechanistic interdependencies of these maturation steps. Understanding the induction and action of broadly acting immune factors, such as GBP5, may help develop effective immune-based strategies against numerous pathogens.
Supplemental Material: Petrogenetic relationship of the variably Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized intrusions of the Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex, Midcontinent Rift, Canada: Implications for mineral exploration in mafic–ultramafic complexes
Authors: Brzozowski Matthew J. , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>Text S1: Analytical methods. Figure S1: Downhole variation diagram through the Southeast Anomaly illustrating the variation in MgO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Cr (from Brzozowski et al., 2023a), plus images of representative samples of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Current intrusion. Figure S2: Chondrite-normalized REE profiles for the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and the country rocks. Figure S3: Binary diagrams illustrating the variations in εNd<sub>t</sub> and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr<sub>i</sub> as a function of Th/La for the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and a metasedimentary country rock sample. Figure S4: Binary diagrams illustrating the variations in λ<sub>1</sub>–λ<sub>2</sub> of the mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC with MgO and λ<sub>0</sub>. Table S1: Bulk-rock geochemical data (raw) of mafic–ultramafic rocks of the TBNIC and associated country rocks. </p>
Novel cause of bilateral proptosis in a child: orbital extramedullary haematopoietic tissue due to iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Botre Abhijeet Vilas , Verma Sarita , Mishra Ambrishkumar Dayashankar 
Published: October 2024

SummaryChildhood proptosis is an emergency with prevalence of 1.2% in hospital admissions. It has a wide spectrum of aetiologies ranging from infective and inflammatory to neoplastic. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)-induced extramedullary haematopoesis (EMH) is known to cause hepatosplenomegaly but proptosis is very rare. We describe a girl in middle childhood with subacute bilateral proptosis because of orbital EMH, secondary to chronic nutritional IDA. There was no hepatosplenomegaly. Haemogram depicted severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia with wide red cell distribution width. Red blood cell indices were suggestive of IDA, but serum ferritin was elevated. Bone marrow examination showed absent iron and MRI brain was suggestive of EMH tissue in the orbits. Red blood cell transfusion was given before attempting a biopsy after which the proptosis dramatically reduced and disappeared. IDA is a common entity that rarely can cause EMH at sites other than liver and spleen.
Accidental Intrathecal Tranexamic Acid Injection During Caesarean Section: A Case Report
Authors: Samuel Raymond Oyugi , Adonicam Victoria , Mgaya Andrew Hans 
Published: October 2024

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is increasingly used in the management of haemorrhage during and after delivery and haemorrhage caused by other medical conditions due to its efficacy and safety. However, increasing report of fatal complications from inadvertent intrathecal TXA injection remains a cause of concern. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate clinical presentation and predictors of accidental intrathecal injection of TXA within the structure and processes of care in a health facility.Case Description: A 37‐year‐old woman, multiparous woman presented with a diagnosis of obstructed labour and, therefore, was scheduled for emergency caesarean section. She was assigned the American Society of Anesthesiology II physical status. Spinal anaesthesia was performed at a sitting position through L4‐L5 interspace using a 25‐G spinal needle gauge. The anaesthetist injected 3 mL of an aesthetic agent that was prepared earlier as hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. About 2 min after receiving the injection, the patient reported gluteal discomfort and itching and severe back pain. She subsequently developed progressive altered mentation followed by generalized tonic–clonic seizures. General anaesthesia was conducted with propofol (100 mg), pethidine (50 mg) and suxamethonium (100 mg). Episodes of tonic–clonic seizures continued despite treatment with multiple doses of diazepam (10 mg), propofol (100 mg) and phenytoin infusion (1 gm). Postoperatively, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with persistent tachycardia (125–138 beats per minute), hypertension (157/105–175/118 mmHg) and oxygen saturation of 90%–95%. She died due to cardiac arrest after 21 h of stay.Conclusion: Medication error such as accidental intrathecal injection of TXA continues to jeopardise the safety of surgery under spinal anaesthesia.
The Level and Outcomes of Emotional Labor in Nurses: A Scoping Review
Authors: Feng Hanbo , Zhang Meng , Li Xueting , Shen Yang , Li Xiaohan 
Published: October 2024

Aims: This scoping review aims to examine the level and outcomes of emotional labor in nurses.Background: Nursing is a highly emotional profession that requires nurses to experience a wide range of emotions and control their emotional expressions in nursing practice. Chronic emotional labor and emotional burden not only impact nurses’ individual well‐being and professional performance but also their job satisfaction and turnover intention.Evaluation: This scoping review was guided by a five‐stage scoping review framework and the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Eight databases were searched and 41 studies were reviewed.Key Issues: The Emotional Labor Scale and the Emotional Labor Scale for Nurses were the most commonly used instruments. Significant associations were found between emotional labor and 52 outcomes, which were categorized into two main themes: nurses’ personal well‐being and organizational well‐being. There were 19 mediators and 12 moderators between nurses’ emotional labor and 26 different outcomes.Conclusions: While the level of emotional labor among nurses remains uncertain, its consequences are plentiful and intricate. Studies have shown an important relationship between nurses’ emotional labor and individual and organizational well‐being, which is crucial for nurse managers. There is a need to explore the positive effects of nurses’ emotional labor and its impact on patients. Additionally, validation studies of the instruments used to measure nurses’ emotional labor are necessary.Implications for Nursing Management: The insights gained from this scoping review provided a more comprehensive understanding of emotional labor for nurse managers. This knowledge can be utilized to design training programs on emotional management and to explore different interventions aimed at alleviating the adverse impacts of nurses’ emotional labor.