bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture in the Elderly Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation (FEMuR): a phase II randomised feasibility study of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation package following hip fracture
Authors: Williams Nefyn H , Roberts Jessica L , Din Nafees Ud , Totton Nicola , Charles Joanna M , Hawkes Claire A , Morrison Val , Hoare Zoe , Williams Michelle , Pritchard Aaron W , Alexander Swapna , Lemmey Andrew , Woods Robert T , Sackley Catherine , Logan Pip , Edwards Rhiannon T , Wilkinson Clare 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo conduct a rigorous feasibility study for a future definitive parallel-group randomised controlled trial (RCT) and economic evaluation of an enhanced rehabilitation package for hip fracture.SettingRecruitment from 3 acute hospitals in North Wales. Intervention delivery in the community.ParticipantsOlder adults (aged ≥65) who received surgical treatment for hip fracture, lived independently prior to fracture, had mental capacity (assessed by clinical team) and received rehabilitation in the North Wales area.InterventionRemote randomisation to usual care (control) or usual care+enhanced rehabilitation package (intervention), including six additional home-based physiotherapy sessions delivered by a physiotherapist or technical instructor, novel information workbook and goal-setting diary.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary: Barthel Activities of Daily Living (BADL). Secondary measures included Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale (NEADL), EQ-5D, ICECAP capability, a suite of self-efficacy, psychosocial and service-use measures and costs. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 3-month follow-up by blinded researchers.Results62 participants were recruited, 61 randomised (control 32; intervention 29) and 49 (79%) completed 3-month follow-up. Minimal differences occurred between the 2 groups for most outcomes, including BADL (adjusted mean difference 0.5). The intervention group showed a medium-sized improvement in the NEADL relative to the control group, with an adjusted mean difference between groups of 3.0 (Cohen's d 0.63), and a trend for greater improvement in self-efficacy and mental health, but with small effect sizes. The mean cost of delivering the intervention was £231 per patient. There was a small relative improvement in quality-adjusted life year in the intervention group. No serious adverse events relating to the intervention were reported.ConclusionsThe trial methods were feasible in terms of eligibility, recruitment and retention. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the rehabilitation package should be tested in a phase III RCT.Trial registration numberISRCTN22464643; Results.
Comparing physical assessment with administrative data for detecting pressure ulcers in a large Canadian academic health sciences centre
Authors: Backman Chantal , Vanderloo Saskia E , Miller Toba B , Freeman Lisa , Forster Alan J 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare classification of pressure ulcers from administrative data with a gold standard assessment, specifically; pressure ulcers confirmed by an independent physical assessment performed by trained nurse surveyors.SettingA retrospective analysis of pooled cross-sectional samples of inpatients assessed across 3 consecutive prevalence surveys in a large academic health sciences centre between 2012 and 2013.ParticipantsThere were 2001 patients for whom physical and chart assessments were completed, and for whom a discharge abstract was also available at the time of analysis. The cohort's mean age was 65 years and 55% were women.ResultsBased on the physical assessment findings, 14.6% of patients (n=292) had at least 1 pressure ulcer, with a total of 345 pressure ulcers documented among these patients: (stage I=162; stage II=120; stage III=22; stage IV=22 and unstageable=19). Based on coded information, 78 (3.9%) of patients had a pressure ulcer. Of patients with a pressure ulcer determined by the physical assessment, only 21% also had a pressure ulcer captured in the administrative data. Furthermore, only 6% of the patients with a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer, stage II or greater determined by the physical assessment were coded in the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that coding in the DAD may under-report and fail to accurately reflect the true burden of pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients. This may occur because the presence of pressure ulcers is currently documented in the health record by nurses and not by physicians, yet the administrative data recorded in the DAD only includes physician documented pressure ulcers. We recommend enhancements to the coding methods to monitor and report on pressure ulcers.
Development and validation of a screening tool for the identification of inappropriate transthoracic echocardiograms
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo , Pathan Faraz , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveWe sought whether simple clinical markers could be used in a questionnaire for recognition of inappropriate (or rarely appropriate, RA) tests at point-of-service. Most applications of appropriateness criteria (AC) for transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) have been at the point of order, but a simple means of identifying RA tests in an audit process would be of value.Design, setting and participantsThe study was performed in 2 major hospitals in Tasmania. 2 reviewers created a questionnaire based on 4 questions most commonly associated with RA (suspected endocarditis with no positive blood cultures or new murmur, lack of cardiovascular symptoms or no change in clinical status or cardiac examination, routine surveillance and previous TTE within a year) in a derivation cohort of 814 patients. This was prospectively applied to 499 TTEs to calculate sensitivity and specificity for prediction of RA, and validated in the external group (n=880).ResultsOf 499 prospective TTEs, the questionnaire selected 18% requests as being potentially RA. As 7.4% were actually RA (κ 89%), the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were 84% and 87%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the model found 11% requests needed to be screened for appropriateness with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 95%.ConclusionsA questionnaire based on 4 questions detects a high proportion of RA TTE, and could be used for audit.
Sclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations of the head and neck in the pediatric population
Authors: Tu Joanna H , Do Huy M , Patel Viraat , Yeom Kristen W , Teng Joyce M C 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundSclerotherapy is one of the most commonly used minimally invasive interventions in the treatment of macrocystic lymphatic malformations (LMs). Several different sclerosing agents and injection protocols have been reported in the literature, each with varying degrees of success. The safety and efficacy of the treatments have not been evaluated comparatively in the pediatric population.MethodsChart review of pediatric patients with macrocystic/mixed head and neck LMs who underwent sclerotherapy using OK-432, doxycycline, or ethanolamine oleate at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford during 2000–2014. Clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging were reviewed to assess lesion characteristics and response to sclerotherapy following each treatment session. The post-intervention clinical response was categorized as excellent, good, fair, or poor.ResultsAmong the 41 pediatric cases reviewed, 10 patients were treated with OK-432, 19 patients received doxycycline, and 12 patients received ethanolamine. In univariate analysis, different sclerosants had similar effectiveness after the first injection and final clinical outcome (p=0.5317). In multivariate analysis controlling for disease severity stage as well as disease characteristics (macrocystic vs mixed subtypes), different sclerosants also had similar effectiveness after the first injection (p=0.1192). Radiologic analysis indicated an 84.5% average volume reduction, with similar effectiveness between the different sclerosants (p=0.9910).ConclusionsIn this series of LM cases treated at Stanford, we found that doxycycline, OK-432, and ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy appear to have a similar safety and efficacy profile in the treatment of macrocystic and mixed LMs of the head and neck in the pediatric population.
Endovascular isolation of intracranial blood blister-like aneurysms with Willis covered stent
Authors: Fang Chun , Tan Hua-Qiao , Han Hong-Jie , Feng Hao , Xu Ji-Chong , Yan Shuo , Nie Zhi-Yu , Jin Ling-Jing , Teng Fei 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveIntracranial blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) is a rare type of aneurysm that lacks all layers of the arterial wall. These fragile aneurysms have the propensity to rupture with minimal manipulation, which makes them hazardous and difficult to treat. The present study evaluated the safety and feasibility of endovascular treatment of BBAs with the Willis covered stent.MaterialsThirteen patients (7 men and 6 women, age range 28–68 years) who presented with ruptured BBAs and were treated with the Willis covered stent were retrospectively reviewed. Results of the procedures and treatment-related complications were recorded. Angiographic and clinical follow-ups were performed 4–6 months after the procedure.ResultsPlacement of the covered stent was successful in all patients. Immediate angiography showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 12 patients while one patient showed a mild endoleak. This high rate of aneurysm exclusion ensured the security of postoperative antiplatelet treatment. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery occurred in two patients and occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery occurred in one patient; however, none of them showed acute or delayed clinical symptoms. Thrombosis, aneurysm rupture, and other complications did not develop in any case. Angiographic follow-up showed complete aneurysm exclusion without aneurysm recurrence in any patients. Only two patients showed asymptomatic mild to moderate in-stent stenosis. All patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1).ConclusionsWillis covered stent implementation may be safe and feasible for BBAs. This strategy might be a promising option for this high-risk type of aneurysm.
In situ tissue engineering: endothelial growth patterns as a function of flow diverter design
Authors: Marosfoi Miklos , Langan Erin T , Strittmatter Lara , van der Marel Kajo , Vedantham Srinivasan , Arends Jennifer , Lylyk Ivan R , Loganathan Siddharth , Hendricks Gregory M , Szikora Istvan , Puri Ajit S , Wakhloo Ajay K , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundVascular remodeling in response to implantation of a tissue engineering scaffold such as a flow diverter (FD) leads to the cure of intracranial aneurysms. We hypothesize that the vascular response is dependent on FD design, and CD34+ progenitor cells play an important role in the endothelialization of the implant.MethodsSixteen rabbit aneurysms were randomly treated with two different single-layer braided FDs made of cobalt–chrome alloys. The FD-48 and FD-72 devices had 48 and 72 wires, respectively. Aneurysm occlusion rate was assessed during the final digital subtraction angiogram at 10, 20, 30, and 60 days (n=2 per device per time point). Implanted vessels were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy for tissue coverage, endothelialization, and immuno-gold labeling for CD34+ cells.ResultsComplete aneurysm occlusion rates were similar between the devices; however, complete or near complete occlusion was more frequently observed in aneurysms with neck ≤4.2 mm (p=0.008). Total tissue coverage at 10 days over the surface of the FD-48 and FD-72 devices was 56.4±11.6% and 76.6±3.6%, respectively. Endothelial cell growth over the surface was time-dependent for the FD-72 device (Spearman's r=0.86, p=0.013) but not for the FD-48 device (Spearman's r=−0.59, p=0.094). The endothelialization score was marginally correlated with the distance from the aneurysm neck for the FD-48 device (Spearman's r=1, p=0.083) but not for the FD-72 device (Spearman's r=0.8, p=0.33). CD34+ cells were present along the entirety of both devices at all time points.ConclusionsThis study gives preliminary evidence that temporal and spatial endothelialization is dependent on FD design. Circulating CD34+ progenitor cells contribute to endothelialization throughout the healing process.
Remarkably long overall survival of a 15‐month‐old Australian shepherd dog with gastric T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Güssow Arne , Kempker Karsten , Wurtinger Gabriel , Rydzewski Lena , Neiger Reto 
Published: October 2016

A 15‐month‐old female intact Australian shepherd dog was presented with a history of acute, frequent vomiting and progressive lethargy. Only a painful abdomen was detected on physical examination. Laboratory results were suggestive of inflammation. Markedly thickened gastric mucosa with loss of gastric wall layering next to enlarged gastric lymph nodes and signs of peritonitis were detected on abdominal ultrasound. Explorative laparotomy revealed severe enlargement of the stomach wall thickness and gastric lymph nodes. High‐grade T‐cell lymphoma was diagnosed on histopathology and cytology. Despite the poor prognosis, a combination chemotherapy was initiated. During therapy, the dog had a good quality of life, apart from mild side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Neoplastic diseases such as alimentary lymphoma are rare in young dogs. With 252 days of survival, this is the youngest dog with long‐term survival of a primarily alimentary T‐cell lymphoma of the stomach, showing that appropriate chemotherapy can have a favourable outcome.
Small animal disease surveillance: pruritus, and coagulase‐positive staphylococci
Authors: Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando , Singleton David , Jones Philip H. , Heayns Bethaney , Wardeh Maya , Radford Alan D. , Schmidt Vanessa , Dawson Susan , Noble Peter J. M. , Everitt Sally 
Published: October 2016

Presentation for pruritus comprised 6.5 per cent, 3.6 per cent and 2.0 per cent of canine, feline and rabbit consultations, respectively, between January 2014 and June 2016
Topical antimicrobials were the most commonly prescribed pruritus treatments for dogs (33.6 per cent of consultations); for cats, it was systemic glucocorticoids (53.5 per cent)
In surveillance of coagulase‐positive staphylococci, 16 per cent of 176 coagulase‐positive staphylococci isolated from canine diagnostic samples were sensitive to all tested antibacterial classes; multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antibacterial classes) was found in 6.8 per cent
The Political Economy of Restructuring the Electricity Sector in South Korea
Authors: TSAI CHUNG-MIN 
Published: October 2016

South Korea launched electricity reform in the 1990s but had continued to struggle with instituting an effective free market. In order to bolster economic growth, the development of the electricity industry has long been a fundamental issue for the state. The case in Korea is distinctive because it is part of a large-scale privatization project as the political regime had just shifted to democracy. The state spun off and corporatized the state-owned power enterprise with very limited privatization. The Korean government has chosen to control the power companies as the largest shareholder. Nonetheless, the reform process was suspended in 2004 without encountering major problems. This has created a major puzzle for analysts: why did the reform result in this outcome? I argue that as a politically driven reform project, power reform in Korea was destined to fail. The economic and social responses elicited by reform implementation all contributed to the failure of the power reform. This paper describes the dynamics of Korea’s electricity reform and details the industrial restructuring during the reform. It examines the political logic of the reform and how it shaped the power industry and in turn led to a stalled agenda. The paper concludes with a discussion of the broader implications for the roles of the state, industrial policy, and state-business relations.
Increased circulating resistin is associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress and platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Santilli Francesca , Liani Rossella , Di Fulvio Patrizia , Formoso Gloria , Simeone Paola , Tripaldi Romina , Ueland Thor , Aukrust Pål , Davì Giovanni 
Published: October 2016

SummaryResistin is an adipokine that promotes inflammation and insulin resistance by targeting several cells including platelets. We hypothesised that in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), resistin may foster in vivo oxidative stress, thromboxane-dependent platelet activation and platelet-derived inflammatory proteins release, key determinants of atherothrombosis. A cross-sectional comparison of circulating resistin, sCD40L, as a marker of platelet-mediated inflammation, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelial dysfunction marker, Dickkopf (DKK)-1, reflecting the inflammatory interaction between platelets and endothelial cells, and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and 11-dehydro-TxB2, reflecting in vivo lipid peroxidation and platelet activation, respectively, was performed between 79 T2DM patients and 30 healthy subjects. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose and the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone, targeting hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance, versus placebo, in 28 and 18 T2DM subjects, respectively. Age- and gender-adjusted serum resistin levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls. HOMA (β=0.266, p=0.017) and 11-dehydro-TXB2 (β=0.354, p=0.002) independently predicted resistin levels. A 20-week treatment with acarbose was associated with significant reductions (p=0.001) in serum resistin, DKK-1, urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 8-iso-PGF2α with direct correlations between the change in serum resistin and in other variables. A 24-week rosiglitazone treatment on top of metformin was associated with significant decreases in resistin, DKK-1, 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 8-iso-PGF2α, in parallel with HOMA decrease. In conclusion, resistin, antagonising insulin action in part through PPARγ activation, may favour insulin resistance and enhance oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. The adipokine-platelet interactions may be involved in platelet insulin resistance and their consequent pro-aggregatory phenotype in this setting.
J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace as an Allegory of the Pain, Frustration, and Disorder of Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Oriaku Remy 
Published: October 2016

In J.M. Coetzee’s novel Disgrace (1999), David Lurie, an embodiment of the unrepentant Afrikaner, his predatory masculinist ways recalling the overbearing and highhanded culture of the apartheid era, is shown as both perpetrator and victim. His daughter Lucy transcends her victim status; carrying in her the post-rape seed of the multiracial entity birthed by the post-apartheid arrangement, she is, unlike her father, prepared to make concessions and undertake the compromise and accommodation that are essential in the new South Africa. By the end of the novel, however, Lurie, too, has, at least on the personal level and in his caring for animals, learned the virtue of humility. Central motifs in Disgrace are linked to those in other novels such as Elizabeth Costello and in the metatextual The Lives of Animals. However, Coetzee, in his exploration of ethics and morality, is richly ambiguous, as is his approach to the porous divides between fiction, metafiction, faction, and autobiography. The essay closes with an examination of the various inflections characterizing Coetzee’s retreat from public testimony into autobiography, as a way in which to deal with the nature of the society he has now left in moving to Australia.
دراسة في مضمون النقوش الكتابية على عمائر الأشراف السعديين بالمغرب الأقصى (915 - 1069هـ/ 1510 - 1658م)
Authors: Abgadiyat Editors 
Published: October 2016

The Sharifian Saadi Dynasty ruled Morocco for more than one century and a half, during which the Saadians achieved numerous political and military victories, the foremost of which are defeating the Portuguese army in the famous Battle of Oued El Makhazeen in AH 986/1578 CE and taking control over western Sudan. Moreover, they established marvelous religious, civil, and military buildings, many of which still stand in good condition up to the present time.Numerous writings with various contents were inscribed on the façades of these buildings, ranging from Quranic and poetic verses to summoning and religious statements. Furthermore, the distinct characteristics of those inscriptions are not only artistically valuable to the archaeological studies, but are also of great use to other fields, including historical studies, media, and da'wah, which is the matter that we aim to highlight in this research. At that time, those inscriptions were means of summoning, preaching, and guidance at a time when mass media were very limited.The contents of those writings also reveal the devoutness of the Sharifian Saadi Dynasty, the authenticity of their faith, their jihad against the Christian occupier both verbally and with weapons, their eagerness to fight heresies and deviations from religion and to disseminate the proper Islamic faith in accordance with the mission of the Prophet Muhammad, and the demonstration of Islamic teachings to their subjects with the purpose of guiding them using various methods available at that time.In this sense, those selected texts were inscribed on remarkable parts of the façades of their buildings, especially congregational mosques, schools, zawiyas (little makeshift mosques), and saqayat (waterings), all of which were facilities granted for the public easement of access to all Muslims. Moreover, a considerable interest had grown in the good display of those writings in order to enhance their readability and achieve the greatest possible benefit of them, for they had been necessary means of communication with the public at that time.
The Development of a Terrain-Resolving Scheme for the Forward Model and Its Adjoint in the Four-Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS)
Authors: Tai Sheng-Lun , Liou Yu-Chieng , Sun Juanzhen , Chang Shao-Fan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The four-dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is significantly improved by implementing a terrain-resolving scheme to its forward model and adjoint based on the ghost cell immersed boundary method (GCIBM), which allows the topographic effects to be considered without the necessity to rebuild the model on a terrain-following coordinate system. The new system, called IBM_VDRAS, is able to perform forward forecast and backward adjoint model integration over nonflat lower boundaries, ranging from mountains with smooth slopes to buildings with sharp surfaces. To evaluate the performance of the forward model over complex terrain, idealized numerical experiments of a two-dimensional linear mountain wave and three-dimensional leeside vortices are first conducted, followed by a comparison with a simulation by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. An observing system simulation experiment is also conducted with the assimilation of simulated radar data to examine the ability of IBM_VDRAS in analyzing orographically forced moist convection. It is shown that the IBM_VDRAS can retrieve terrain-influenced three-dimensional meteorological fields including winds, thermodynamic, and microphysical parameters with reasonable accuracy. The new system, with the advanced radar data assimilation capability and the GCIBM terrain scheme, has the potential to be used for studying the evolution of convective weather systems under the influence of terrain.