bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment, Food Security and Conflict Narratives in the Middle East
Authors: Woertz Eckart 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article questions neo-Malthusian theories that attempt to explain conflict and food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as the consequence of environmental stress factors like water scarcity, drought and climate change. Instead it argues that socio-political factors are key in understanding conflicts in the region. The environment is a quintessentially human category and susceptible to adaptation, not an external variable that mechanically triggers socio-political consequences. Particular emphasis is laid on the cases of Syria and Darfur. The article then shows how the natural endowments of the MENA shaped food security before the advent of oil and globalised food trade. It concludes with an attempt to find a balanced explanation of the role of environmental factors in MENA food security today.
Understanding Perceptions of Protected Area Management in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria National Parks
Authors: Ogunjinmi Anthony Adekunle , Aiyeloja Adedapo Ayo , Osunsina Israel Oluyinka Oloyede , Ogunjinmi Kehinde Oluwaseye 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The study aimed to understand local communities' perceptions of Nigeria National Parks and was conducted in ten per cent of the communities within 0-10km of park boundaries. Data were obtained from 10 per cent of the total household heads through questionnaire administration and were analysed with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. A large percentage of the respondents were male; their median age was 42 years; 56.6 per cent had non-formal education; the median annual income was N7000 (US$ 43.75); and 86.9 per cent were farmers. The respondents had generally negative perceptions of park management over issues of strict protection, penalties, impact of existence of parks on their communities and exclusion from park management. Education (beta = 0.10, p<0.01), income (beta =0.12, p<0.01) and community distance from park boundary (beta = 0.31, p<0.01) were the best predictors of local communities' perceptions. There is an urgent need for a sustained policy on access to formal education in communities around Nigeria National Parks; for rural development policies that enhance income from farming and other non-farm alternative livelihood activities; for the sharing or recycling of revenue between the local communities and the parks; employment and infrastructural development; community involvement in park management and decision-making; and alternative dispute resolutions to ensure positive perceptions of the parks and other protected areas.
The big smallness of Tuvalu
Authors: Goldsmith Michael 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the question of how it is that the independent Polynesian microstate of Tuvalu has managed to place itself at the centre of worldwide discussion about global climate change and possible sea level rise. It argues that much of the publicity Tuvalu has accrued derives from its leaders’ long established statecraft in which assertions of agency and claims to vulnerability can be deployed in complementary ways to further Tuvalu’s interests. The management of such statecraft reveals the ways in which ‘smallness’ can underpin and galvanise global messages.
Gone with(in) the Chesapeake Bay's waters: Reflections on society's thresholds to migration given island sinking
Authors: Richter Ina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and is home to numerous small islands. Many of these have already vanished, and those remaining are continuing to lose ground. Over a few decades several of these small places were abandoned as the waters started to roll over the lands around the mid-nineteenth century. Houses were torn down, while some people moved within or to other islands and others migrated to solid ground when other measures failed to secure the small islands. Some people left earlier than others, but there were moments when it became difficult to retain the society of the islands. By telling the story of the Chesapeake Islands, this paper outlines the reactions of individuals and society to changes in their living environment. The aim of the article is thereby to explore the variables influencing human thresholds to migration in times of changing environments. Societal factors, as well as natural stimuli, are explored that led to migration at a certain time and place. By drawing attention to the sinking islands in the Chesapeake, I advocate the consideration of examples from the Western Hemisphere in debates on island loss and migration.
Small islands in documentary film
Authors: von Mossner Alexa Weik 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Documentary filmmakers have recently begun focusing on the vulnerable ecologies of low-lying islands, among them Briar March’s
There Once Was an Island
and Jon Shenk’s
The Island President
. The strength of documentary film is that it can make visible the gradual and long-distance ecological effects of climate change while also confronting viewers with the faces and voices of some of the human recipients of related forms of transnational environmental injustice and destruction. The two films highlight the diversity of small islands in environmental and social indicators and also focus on very different aspects of the affected communities’ responses to climate-related disaster risk drivers. Whereas March uses a participant observation approach to highlight local adaptation practices and the threat of relocation, Shenk’s fly-on-the-wall documentary offers viewers insights into Mohamed Nasheed’s political battle to get the world leaders behind global mitigation practices that will help save the Maldives and other low-lying islands from submergence. They thereby remind their audiences that the world has a responsibility toward the inhabitants of small islands, exactly because they are at the forefront of global environmental change and therefore among those who bear the brunt of our collective carbon emissions.
Small Prime Solutions to Cubic Diophantine Equations II
Authors: Liu Zhixin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLet a1, …, a9 be non-zero integers and n any integer. Suppose that a1, …, a9 ≡ n (mod 2) and (ai, aj) = 1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ 9. In this paper we prove that
(i)if aj are not all of the same sign, then the cubic equation has prime solutions satisfying (ii)if all aj are positive and , then is soluble in primes pj.
These results improve our previous results with the bounds max{|aj|}14+ε and max{|aj|}43+ε in place of max{|aj|}8+ε and max{|aj|}25+ε above, respectively.
Is Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test Ready for Routine Clinical Application? Bucharest Consensus Statement
Authors: Predojevic Maja , Vladareanu Radu , Antsaklis Panos , Stanojevic Milan , Salihagic Kadic Aida 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) is used only for the assessment of fetal startles and general movements, introduction of Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) by four-dimensional ultrasound (4D US) enabled assessment of not only movements but also some signs used in postnatal neurological assessment like cranial sutures, head circumference and finger movements of the hand for the detection of neurological thumb (adducted thumb in the clenched feast). Overall impression on general movement called by Prechtl ‘Gestalt perception’ is also a part of KANET assessment. These parameters cannot be assessed by 2D US, and according to our opinion they are making the difference enabling more accurate and functionally more reliable assessment of the young and immature CNS.After Osaka standardization of KANET has been published, many studies on fetal behavior from different centers using this method have been conducted and published. Although there is lack of long-term follow-up of children who were assessed by KANET as fetuses, some conclusions on the usage of KANET test in clinical practice can be made. There are still inconclusive results of prenatal neurological assessment using KANET test in fetuses with borderline scores, although it was revealed that negative predictive value of the test as well as inter-observer reliability were satisfactory and acceptable.ConclusionIt can be concluded that KANET test can be used in everyday clinical practice for the follow-up of fetuses at neurological risk with the strong recommendation for strict and reliable multidisciplinary postnatal follow-up till the corrected age of at least 3 years and longer whenever appropriate. This will enable to make better correlation of prenatal KANET scores with postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes.How to cite this articleStanojevic M, Antsaklis P, Kadic AS, Predojevic M, Vladareanu R, Vladareanu S, Neto RM. Is Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test Ready for Routine Clinical Application? Bucharest Consensus Statement. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):260-265.
Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Chorionic Villus Sampling
Authors: Antsaklis Panos , Antsaklis Aris , Sindos Michael , Malamas Fotodotis M 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for first trimester invasive prenatal diagnosis. In expert hands, it is nowadays considered as safe as amniocentesis and has the advantage of an earlier diagnosis. In this review, we describe the technique of the procedure, its indications and contraindications and the requirements concerning adequate training and optimum clinical practice. We also discuss issues concerning the safety of the procedure in singleton and multiple pregnancies, other complications and controversies, such as the association with limb reduction defects and pre-eclampsia, as well as diagnostic problems and dilemmas, such as maternal cell contamination and confined placental mosaicism. We also describe new and promising methods of non-invasive diagnosis, based on the isolation and analysis of fetal cells or cell-free fetal genetic material from the maternal circulation, that aim to replace the invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis in the future.

How to cite this article
Sindos M, Malamas FM, Antsaklis P, Antsaklis A. Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Chorionic Villus Sampling. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 9(3):293-306.
Systematic Appraisal of Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmias in the Fetus
Authors: Sen Cihat , Uzun Orhan , Goynumer Gokhan , Beattie Bryan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Fetal arrhythmias are one of the most feared clinical problems encountered during the pregnancy that require prompt recognition and effective management by a multidisciplinary team involving fetal medicine specialist, fetal cardiologist, midwife, radiologist, sonographer, neonatologist and the patient herself. This review is aimed at providing a concise guide to medical practitioners involved in the care of pregnant women and the fetus on the diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias, follow-up principles and delivery recommendations.

How to cite this article
Uzun O, Goynumer G, Sen C, Beattie B. Systematic Appraisal of Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmias in the Fetus. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):314-326.
An Interesting Case of Undiagnosed Conjoined Twins
Authors: Shailaja Nageshu , Krishna Lingegowda , Bhat BS , Kirtan Krishna 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
A 20 years old primigravida who presented to us at 36 weeks 3 days gestation with labor pains. She was perceiving fetal movements well, booked and immunized at a private hospital in Hosur. On examination, she was 7 cm dilated, well effaced, breech at 0 station. She was taken up for emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) in view of primi with breech and mother not willing for vaginal delivery. An alive term 3.5 kg female paraphagus dicephalus twins was extracted. Extraction was difficult. Apgar was 3 at 1 minute and 5 at 5 minutes. The babies died after 45 minute. External examination showed that the twins were conjoined from the level of thorax downward. The twins had two heads, two upper limbs and a shared thorax, abdomen, pelvis and a single female external genitalia and single pair of lower limbs with CTEV (dicephalus, dibrachius, dispinous, thoraco-omphalopagus twins).

How to cite this article
Kirtan K, Doopadapalli D, Shailaja N, Krishna L, Bhat BS. An Interesting Case of Undiagnosed Conjoined Twins. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):327-330.
Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors of Peri-implantitis: A Concept Review
Authors: Nicoli Lelis Gustavo , Junior Elcio Marcantonio , Zandim-Barcelos Daniela Leal 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of this review is to estimate the prevalence of peri-implantitis, as well as to determine possible risk factors associated with its development in patients treated with oral implants.BackgroundAlthough implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and fully edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. Periimplantitis is considered a biologic complication that results in bone loss around implants and may lead to implant treatment failure.ResultsA great variation has been observed in the literature regarding the prevalence of peri-implantitis according to the diagnostic criteria used to define peri-implantitis. The prevalence ranges from 4.7 to 43% at implant level, and from 8.9 to. ≥56% at patient level. Many risk factors that may lead to the establishment and progression of peri-implantitis have been suggested. There is strong evidence that presence and history of periodontitis are potential risk factors for peri-implantitis. Cigarette smoking has not yet been conclusively established as a risk factor for peri-implantitis, although extra care should be taken with dental implant in smokers. Other risk factors, such as diabetes, genetic traits, implant surface roughness and presence of keratinized mucosa still require further investigation.ConclusionPeri-implantitis is not an uncommon complication following implant therapy. A higher prevalence of peri-implantitis has been identified for patients with presence or history of periodontal disease and for smokers. Until now, a true risk factor for peri-implantitis has not been established. Supportive maintenance program is essential for the long-term success of treatments with oral implants.Clinical significanceThe knowledge of the real impact of peri-implantitis on the outcome of treatments with oral implants as well as the identification of risk factors associated to this inflammatory condition are essential for the development of supportive maintenance programs and the establishment of prevention protocols.How to cite this articleMarcantonio C, Nicoli LG, Junior EM, Zandim-Barcelos DL. Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors of Peri-implantitis: A Concept Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):750-757.
Surface Texture and Optical Properties of Self-Adhering Composite Materials after Toothbrush Abrasion
Authors: Malavasi Caroline Veiga , Macedo Elisa Maria , da Costa Souza Karoline , Rego Guilherme Ferreira , Schneider Luis Felipe Jochims , Cavalcante Larissa Maria 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the surface texture and optical properties of two self-adhering composites and a nanofilled composite before and after toothbrush abrasion. Vertise Flow (Kerr), Fusio Liquid (Pentron Clinical) and Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE) composites were divided into 3 groups (n = 6). Disks of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were made. All materials were light-cured with a LED light source for 40 seconds. Analyses of surface roughness, gloss retention and color stability were performed 24 hours after light curing and after 20,000 brushing cycles. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 5%).ResultsTukey's test ascertained that toothbrush abrasion resulted in rougher and matte surfaces for all composites tested. Filtek Z350 presented better gloss retention after abrasion. On surface roughness evaluation, there was no statistical difference between Fusio Liquid Dentin and Filtek Z350 resins (p > 0.05). Vertise Flow resin showed better color stability (ΔE), than the other two materials.ConclusionNanofilled material presented better gloss retention but it did not produce the best results in aspects related to surface roughness and color stability compared to self-adhering composites.Clinical significanceA simulation of degradation process by using toothbrush abrasion produced a rougher and matte surface in all composites tested. The surface texture was not only related to filler's amount present in materials, but also with the organic matrix composition of them. The results suggested that the constant development of new materials, seeking for a technical simplification, seems an innovative attraction for dentist's clinical routine, even though larger studies are necessary to promote to everyone a better understanding and improvement of action and effectiveness of this new class of materials.How to cite this articleMalavasi CV, Macedo EM, da Costa Souza K, Rego GF, Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM. Surface Texture and Optical Properties of Self-Adhering Composite Materials after Toothbrush Abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):775-782.
Surfaces family with common smarandache asymptotic curve according to bishop frame in euclidean 3-space
Authors: Saffak Atalay Gulnur , Kasap Emin 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we analyzed the problem of constructing a family of surfaces from a given some special Smarandache curves in Euclidean 3-space. Using the Bishop frame of the curve in Euclidean 3-space, we express the family of surfaces as a linear combination of the components of this frame, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for coefficients to satisfy both the asymptotic and isoparametric requirements. Finally, examples are given to show the family of surfaces with common Smarandache asymptotic curve.
Epithelial Downgrowth after Cataract Surgery: An Atypical Presentation with Scleral Thinning and Massive Seeding in Anterior Chamber
Authors: Scarpa Giuseppe , La Gloria Valerio Alvise , Urban Francesca , Laurino Licia 
Published: November 2015

Purpose To report an atypical presentation of epithelial downgrowth (ED) after clear cornea cataract extraction, characterized by mixed clinical expression of both cystic and diffuse form and massive epithelial debris seeding in anterior chamber, associated with scleral involvement. Methods In this case report, fine needle anterior chamber aspiration cytology was performed to identify pathologic tissue invading iris, cornea, and angular structures. The patient was treated with anterior chamber membrane surgical excision. Results Epithelial downgrowth was identified by cytologic assessment. The patient was treated with epithelial membrane peeling and scleral defect conjunctival covering. This conservative surgical approach led to a significant reduction of ocular pain. During follow-up, residual epithelial tissue was present in anterior chamber without tendency to regrowth. Conclusions In doubtful cases of ED, histocytopathologic analysis should be performed without hesitation. Avoiding more invasive procedures, early detection and prompt surgical approach can result in improved outcome even in case of extensive intraocular involvement.
Anterior Chamber Migration of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex®) through Basal Iridectomy (Ando) in a Pseudophakic Patient
Authors: Stepanov Alexandr , Codenotti Marco , Ramoni Andrea , Prati Matteo , Jiraskova Nada , Rozsival Pavel , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Intravitreal implantation of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) is being widely used for the treatment of macular edema (ME) after branch or central retinal vein occlusion, diabetic ME, and persistent ME associated with uveitis or Irvine-Gass syndrome. We describe a complication: migration of the dexamethasone implant into the anterior chamber through basal iridectomy (Ando) in a pseudophakic patient with development of corneal edema and secondary high intraocular pressure. Methods This is a case report of migration of Ozurdex® through basal iridectomy in a pseudophakic patient with iris claw lens. Conclusions Pseudophakic patients, with a history of vitrectomy, even those with a basal iridectomy (Ando), are at high risk for migration of the Ozurdex® into the anterior chamber and development of corneal edema.
Ki-67 Labeling Index can be used as a Prognostic Marker in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pyo Jung-Soo , Kang Guhyun , Sohn Jin Hee 
Published: November 2015

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) through a systematic review, meta-analysis and diagnostic test accuracy review. Method The study included 1,967 GIST cases from 24 eligible studies. We investigated the correlation between high Ki-67 LI and survival and the proper criteria for high Ki-67 LI. In addition, a diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted to evaluate the predictive role of high Ki-67 LI for higher risk of tumor recurrence. Results A high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 3.658, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.687-4.979, p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR 3.730, 95% CI 2.819-4.936, p<0.001). With regard to DFS and OS, the subgroup with a cutoff value of >4% for high Ki-67 LI had a higher HR than the subgroup with a ≤4% cutoff. In the diagnostic test accuracy review, a high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with higher risk of tumor recurrence (pooled sensitivity = 0.44, pooled specificity = 0.87, area under the curve on the summary receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.656). Conclusions Our results showed that a high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with worse prognosis and higher risk of tumor recurrence in GIST. Further prospective studies of the prognostic role of Ki-67 LI are necessary prior to application in clinical practice.
A Case of Financial Writing: Jay McInerney's Brightness Falls and the Hermeneutic of the New Economy
Authors: Neculai Catalina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Since the mid-1970s, New York City has been a hub for the rise to dominance and consolidation of the FIRE (finance, insurance, and real estate) industry. This transition from an older regime of industrial manufacturing to a new regime of finance, real estate, and risk-mediated transactions has resulted into new socio-spatial and cultural formations. New York fiction itself has tackled these changes, and an extraordinary exemplar of such literature is Jay McInerney's Brightness Falls (1992). The present article is the outcome of interdisciplinary “field work” that combines analyses of fictional, nonfictional, and critical writing, archival research, geographical, cultural, and political theories. More specifically, this fine-grained critique of the novel and its satellite writings deals with the emerging relationship between the arts and the new FIRE economy, manifest through relations of power in the market place, with consequences upon authorial and publishing practices, rhetoric, and the discourses of everyday life.
Principal Components Regression Estimation in Semiparametric Partially Linear Additive Models
Authors: Wei Chuanhua , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: November 2015

<p>Partially linear additive model is useful in statistical modelling as a multivariate nonparametric fitting technique. This paper considers statistical inference for the semiparametric model in the presence of multicollinearity. Based on the profile least-squares approach, we propose a novel principal components regression estimator for the parametric component, and provide the asymptotic bias and covariance matrix of the proposed estimator. Some simulations are conducted to examine the performance of our proposed estimators and the results are satisfactory.</p>