bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid response of stream dissolved phosphorus concentrations to wildfire smoke
Authors: Fernandez Nicole M. , Jamison Hunter T. , Gold Zoë 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWildfires can produce large plumes of smoke that are transported across vast distances, altering nutrient cycling of undisturbed watersheds exposed downwind. To date, wildfire smoke influence on stream biogeochemical signatures remains an important knowledge gap. Here we evaluate the impacts of wildfire smoke on phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycling in a temperate watershed in the Finger Lakes Region of Central New York located downwind from record setting Canadian forest fires during the summer of 2023. Daily sampling of stream and rainwaters was conducted over the 2 month smoke period, generating a robust geochemical dataset. Stream dissolved P showed high sensitivity to smoke events, attaining concentrations 2–3 × greater than the pre-smoke period. Subsequent rain events after smoke deposition were identified as a potentially important factor in magnitude and timing of dissolved P responses. These findings demonstrate the capacity for wildfire smoke to trigger rapid, observable changes to stream P chemistry.
Integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment and scheduling problem under the influence of various factors
Authors: Yu Meng , Liu Xuetao , Ji Xiaojing , Ren Yucong , Guo Wenjing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs the important resources and equipment of container terminals, berths and quay cranes (QCs) face various challenges in actual operations and their operation efficiency in turn affects the performance of the whole terminal. The authors investigate an integrated berth allocation and QC assignment and scheduling problem under the influence of various factors, including the two main factors of vessel arrival time uncertainty and tide, and the two secondary factors of berth deviation and interference between cranes. To formulate the problem, the authors develop a multi‐factor robust scheduling model. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Brain Storm Optimisation based on the Contract Net Protocol (CNP) is designed to optimise the berth and QC scheduling scheme. Specifically, the authors use the GA for individual coding and population initialisation, use the brainstorming algorithm for clustering, and introduce the CNP for individual updating. The experimental results show that the designed algorithm can adapt the scheduling plan to complex environments and can improve the service level of terminals.
Transmission design for ISAC‐WPT backscatter RFID systems
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhi Junlei , Yang Shaochuan , Guo Hui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this letter, a novel integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) scenario with wireless power transfer (ISAC‐WPT) is investigated. In this new setup, an access point simultaneously employs communication and sensing beams to serve a communication user, detect an RFID tag, and power an energy receiver. The objective is to design the sensing and communication beams to minimize the total transmit power while satisfying the requirements of tag detection, communication, and energy harvesting. To address the corresponding non‐convex problem, the constraints are reformulated into convex second‐order cone constraints, thereby obtaining the globally optimal solution. To further reduce computational complexity, zero‐forcing is employed to design the beamforming vectors, followed by solving a convex optimization problem to determine the optimal power allocation between sensing and communication beams. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming designs, highlighting the potential of ISAC‐WPT Backscatter RFID systems.
A novel method based on the SCNGO‐ICEEMDAN and MCNN‐BiLSTM model for fault diagnosis of motor bearings for more electric aircraft
Authors: Yuan Dongsheng , Liu Feng , Yin Zhonggang , Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Yanping , Luo Peien 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fault signal characteristics of motor rolling bearings for more electric aircraft are easily masked by strong background noise. Directly using machine learning, deep learning, or other methods results in a lower accuracy in fault recognition. In this article, a Northern Goshawk algorithm using a fusion subtraction optimiser and Cauchy strategy (SCNGO) is proposed to optimise the number of white noise additions and amplitude weights in the improved full set empirical mode decomposition method based on adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN). Then, a multi‐scale convolutional neural network (MCNN) is used to extract the time–frequency domain features of the de‐noised signal and perform information fusion. Finally, the bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM) was used to learn the faults' fusion features and complete the faults' recognition at different speeds. The research results show that the SCNGO‐ICEEMDAN and MCNN‐BiLSTMT model shows significant advantages in bearing fault recognition with an average recognition accuracy of 98.67% at various speeds.
Challenges and solutions in low‐inertia power systems with high wind penetration
Authors: Elenga Baningobera Bwandakassy , Oleinikova Irina , Ulhen Kjetil , Pokhrel Basanta Raj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by an unprecedented integration of renewable sources. This paradigm shift brings forth the challenge of low inertia in power systems, posing significant uncertainties to grid stability and reliability. This paper addresses these challenges and proposes innovative solutions to ensure the resilience of future transmission networks. The paper leverages advanced modeling techniques, including dynamic simulation models and control methods, to analyse real‐world case studies, mainly focusing on wind power plants operating as hybrid plants with integrated energy storage systems and participating in reserves markets to provide frequency response. The analysis includes adapting the Nordic equivalent power system model, allowing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of low‐inertia environments and the impact of renewable energy integration. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the complex interactions within low‐inertia power systems and highlight the importance of adapting power systems to ensure resilience in evolving energy scenarios. Compared to existing strategies, the proposed method enhances the grid's ability to maintain frequency stability, even with significant renewable energy penetration. The paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on building sustainable and reliable future transmission networks through empirical analysis and theoretical modeling. It emphasizes technical strategies, operational advancements, and policy considerations essential for navigating the challenges posed by the transition to renewable energy sources.
Effects of field line expansion on Alfvén waves and vortices
Authors: Taroyan Y. , Borradaile T. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Simulations and observations of the solar atmosphere often reveal the presence of torsional Alfvén waves and vortices with sufficient power to heat the solar corona and accelerate the solar wind.
Aims. We challenge the long-held view that low-frequency Alfvén waves are suppressed due to inhomogeneities and steep spatial gradients in the atmosphere. Alfvén waves and vortices in a stratified solar atmosphere are modelled with the aim of calculating and comparing their energy flux for different field line geometries.
Methods. We show that the general problem of linear Alfvén wave propagation along field lines of arbitrary geometry can be reduced to a set of Klein–Gordon equations for the perturbations of the magnetic field and velocity. Solutions and corresponding energy fluxes are constructed for three cases with different expansion rates of the field lines in the lower atmosphere.
Results. Expansion rates that are associated with cut-off free propagation in the lower atmosphere suppress the perturbation amplitudes and the corresponding energy flux. These include the uniform field model and the thin flux tube model. A counterexample with an intermediate field line expansion rate and non-vanishing cut-offs exhibits consistently large perturbation amplitudes and unrestricted energy flux across the entire frequency spectrum.
Conclusions. Field lines with different expansion rates and geometries in the lower atmosphere can significantly alter the amplitudes of the Alfvén waves and vortices and the extent of the energy flux entering the corona.
Destruction of interstellar methyl cyanide (CH3CN) via collisions with He+⋅ ions
Authors: Mancini Luca , Valença Ferreira de Aragão Emília , Pirani Fernando , Rosi Marzio , Faginas-Lago Noelia , Richardson Vincent , Martini Luca Matteo , Podio Linda , Lippi Manuela , Codella Claudio , Ascenzi Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Context. CH3CN (methyl cyanide) is one of the simplest and most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), and has been detected in young solar analogues, shocked regions, protoplanetary discs, and comets. CH3CN can therefore be considered a key species to explore the chemical connections between the planet-forming disk phase and comets. However, for such comparison to be meaningful, kinetics data for the reactions leading to CH3CN formation and destruction must be updated.
Aims. Here we focus on the destruction of methyl cyanide through collisions with He+. . We employed a combined experimental and theoretical methodology to obtain cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) as a function of collision energy, from which we calculated reaction rate coefficients k(T) in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K.
Methods. We measured CSs and BRs using a guided ion beam setup, and developed a theoretical treatment based on an analytical formulation of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the charge exchange process. The method employs a Landau Zener model to obtain reaction probabilities at crossings between the entrance and exit PESs, and an adiabatic centrifugal sudden approximation to calculate CSs and k(T), from subthermal to hyper-thermal regimes.
Results. k(T) and experimental BRs differ from those predicted from widely used capture models. In particular, the rate coefficient at 10 K is estimated to be almost one order of magnitude smaller than what is reported in the KIDA database. In addition, the charge exchange is completely dissociative and the most abundant fragments are HCCN+/CCNH+ , HCNH+ and CH2+.
Conclusions. Our results, combined with a revised chemical network for the formation of CH3CN, support the hypothesis that methyl cyanide in protoplanetary discs could be mostly the product of gas-phase processes rather than grain chemistry, as currently proposed. These findings are expected to have implications in the comparison of the abundance ratios of N-bearing molecules observed in discs with cometary abundance ratios.
Massive Größenprogredienz und maligne Transformation einer muzinös-zystischen Neoplasie des Pankreas in der Schwangerschaft – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Scheyda-Yoo Katharina , Hofer Ulrich , Várnai-Händel Alinda , Maus Martin K.-H. , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Muzinös-zystische Neoplasien (MCN) machen 10% aller zystischen Pankreasläsionen aus. Sie kommen fast ausschließlich bei weiblichen Patienten vor und weisen ein ovar-ähnliches Stroma sowie häufig Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren auf. Während einer Schwangerschaft können sie massiv an Größe zunehmen und maligne entarten.
Fallbericht Wir berichten von einer 29-jährigen Patientin, bei der vor einigen Jahren eine 35mm große Zyste im Pankreasschwanz aufgefallen und als Pseudozyste eingestuft worden war. Im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft kam es zu einer massiven Größenzunahme der Zyste, die sich letztendlich als muzinös-zystische Neoplasie mit fokaler maligner Transformation herausstellte.
Schlussfolgerung Zystische Neoplasien des Pankreas bedürfen eines differenzierten Managements, um einerseits eine Übertherapie, andererseits eine maligne Transformation im Intervall zu vermeiden. Patientinnen im gebärfähigen Alter mit V.a. MCN bzw. ätiologisch nicht sicher einzuordnenden zystischen Pankreasläsionen sollten über das (seltene) Phänomen des Progresses von MCN in der Schwangerschaft aufgeklärt und im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft engmaschig überwacht werden.
Brustkrebs-Screening mit digitaler Brust-Tomosynthese: Ist weiterhin eine unabhängige Doppelbefundung erforderlich?
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Hense Hans-Werner , Weyer-Elberich Veronika , Gerss Joachim , Heindel Walter 
Published: October 2024

Ziel Die Europäischen Leitlinien empfehlen eine unabhängige Doppelbefundung in Mammografie-Screening-Programmen. Die prospektiv randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie TOSYMA prüfte die Überlegenheit der digitalen Brust-Tomosynthese und synthetischen Mammografie (DBT+SM) gegenüber der digitalen Mammografie (DM) für die Detektion invasiver Mammakarzinome. In dieser Subanalyse werden die richtig-positiven Karzinombefundungen verglichen, die bei unabhängigen Doppelbefundungen in den beiden Studienarmen auftraten.
Materialien und Methoden Die 1:1 randomisierte TOSYMA-Studie wurde in 17 Screening-Einheiten von 7/2018 bis 12/2020 durchgeführt. In die Subanalyse wurden im DBT+SM-Arm 49.762 Frauen und im DM-Arm 49.796 Frauen eingeschlossen. Von 83 Befunderinnen und Befundern wurden die richtig-positiven Brustkrebsentdeckungsraten (invasive Mammakarzinome und duktales Carcinoma in situ) ermittelt und in einem Doppelbefundungsergebnis zusammengeführt.
Ergebnisse Mit DBT+SM wurde bei 416 Frauen, mit DM bei 306 Frauen Brustkrebs entdeckt. Dabei trat im DBT+SM-Arm bei 112/416 (26,9 %) Frauen eine richtig-positive kombiniert mit einer falsch-negativen Befundung auf, im DM-Arm war dies bei 68/306 Frauen der Fall (22,2 %). Dies entsprach mit DBT+SM einer Detektionsrate von 2,3 pro 1.000 gescreenter Frauen mit diskordantem Ergebnis bzw. mit DM 1,4 pro 1.000. Unter diskordanten Diagnosen dominierten invasive Mammakarzinome [DBT+SM 75,9 % (85/112), DM 67,6 % (46/68)], die Kategorie T1 [DBT+SM 67,9 % (76/112), DM 55,9 % (38/68)] und die Befundstufe 4a [DBT+SM: 73/112 (67,6 %); DM: 55/68 (84,6 %)].
Schlussfolgerung Die insgesamt höhere Detektionsrate für Mammakarzinome im DBT-Screening umfasst bei einer unabhängigen Doppelbefundung einen relevanten Anteil von Karzinomen, der nur durch einen Befunder entdeckt wird. Wie im digitalen Mammografie-Screening behält die unabhängige Doppelbefundung ihre Rationale auch beim Screening mit digitaler Brust-Tomosynthese.
Kernaussagen
A Reactivity Study of 4-Hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione and 4-Hydroxy-2H-thiochromene-2-thione with tert-Butyl Nitrite and Aromatic Amines: An Environmentally Benign Synthesis of New Hydrazone Derivatives
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Xalxo Anjela , Goswami Ujjwal Jyoti , Das Chiranjit , Mehta Kriti , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of biologically active coumarin-based hydrazone derivatives is achieved through a one-pot, three-component reaction of 4-hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thiones with aniline derivatives and tert-butyl nitrite under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions in yields of 76–86%. Similarly, the reactions of 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins with aniline derivatives and tert-butyl nitrite under identical conditions provided the corresponding hydrazone products in 79–85% yield through a four-component reaction. It is observed in both cases that the C=S group at the C2 position is converted into a C=O moiety. However, the intermediate products derived from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin react further with another aniline molecule leading to thioesters. 4-Hydroxy-2H-chromene-2-thione and 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin exhibit distinct reactivity pathways, resulting in the formation of two different types of product. In addition, quantum chemical analysis of the mechanistic steps show that this reaction is exergonic. This protocol offers broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups, leading to high product yields in short reaction times.
Liposomal AZD5363 Displays Antiproliferation Activities and Induces Apoptosis on Y79 Retinoblastoma Cancer Cells
Authors: Khabazian Zahra , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Khanehzad Maryam , Majd Amir Hossein Naderi , Tohidian Mahdi , Zarinfard Giti 
Published: October 2024

Objectives Retinoblastoma (RB) is an aggressive intraocular cancer that usually develops during infancy and childhood. As an Akt kinase inhibitor, AZD5363 is a novel drug whose encapsulation into liposomes enhances its bioavailability and biomedical potential. In the present study, a liposomal membrane was created around AZD5363 to assess its efficacy on the Y79 cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods AZD5363 nanoparticles were synthesized by the thin film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques were applied to evaluate the particle size, and the morphology of the liposomal AZD5363 (Lipo-AZD5363). The MTT test was used to assess the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Lipo-AZD5363, and the cytotoxic effects of Lipo-AZD5363 and doxorubicin (Dox) were investigated on the Y79 cell line. Flow cytometry was used to study apoptotic induction in selected groups. Also, the PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 gene expression level was measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.
Results Treatment with Lipo-AZD5363 inhibited the proliferation of Y79 RB cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Lipo-AZD5363, at a lower concentration, was significantly more cytotoxic than Dox in terms of enhanced cell death (p < 0.05).Furthermore, flow cytometry showed that Lipo-AZD5363 and Dox induce apoptosis in these cells. However, the number of apoptotic cells in the Lipo-AZD5363 group was clearly higher than that in the Dox group (p < 0.001). Real-time PCR analysis indicated that Lipo-AZD5363 treatment resulted in an increase in PTEN and FOXO1 gene expression and a decrease in AKT gene expression. Our study revealed that all results were statistically more significant in the Lipo-AZD5363 group than in the Dox group (p < 0.01, <0.01, and <0.001, respectively).
Conclusion Lipo-AZD5363 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of RB cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, Lipo-AZD5363 may be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, more experimental evidence is needed for its use in the pharmacological treatment of RB.
Smartphone Addiction: Impact, Challenges, and Effects on Cognition Skills among the Dental Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haque Tahsinul , Hamad Tameem , Abdulmalik Sokina , Abudiab Razan , Bawazir Hadeel , Afroz Mohammed Malik , Abdelrahim Rawa , Husna Sajida , Akhter Fatema 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective Smartphones are multifunctional devices providing a range of beneficial technologies and applications that support communication, socialization, entertainment, and education but also have a few disadvantages related to overdependence among students in general and more specifically with its effects seen in cognition among professional ones such as dental students. This study aims to explore the effect of smartphones on the academic and clinical performance of undergraduate and internship dental students in universities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected using 32 questionnaire-based Google forms which the concerned academic level students filled. The first part included 5 questions related to demographic data, while the second part included 24 questions assessing smartphone addiction and its impact on academic performance; furthermore, the last part of the survey has 3 questions inquiring about the effect of smartphones on clinical performance.
Results Five-point Likert scale was used which has shown that as the level of study increases, smartphone use has also increased gradually. There was a positive correlation to the ill effects of high use of smartphones ranging from the patient himself experiencing high use of his device and often leading to lack of sleep. In contrast, some positive outcomes were related to the participants not using their devices while in the clinical atmosphere largely associated with the strict infection control protocol and self-awareness.
Discussion Our findings can be correlated to various other studies that highlight the peers telling the participants about the increased risk of their smartphones and the same being felt by themselves. This highlights a positive result in the awareness campaigns being carried out and the main effect has been related to lack of sleep. A high infection control protocol can limit the dependency of the students on smartphone use among the clinics, but this does not relieve the overall high-level use among dental students.
Conclusion An attempt should be made to educate the young population about the bad effects of the smartphone especially long hours of usage, bad timing, overdependence, and psychological impact. More studies are needed to assess the psychological impact of smartphone usage among this population.
Deregulated Expression of Long Non-coding RNA ZFAS1 as a Predictive Biomarker for Respiratory Failure in Severe Pneumonia Children and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome
Authors: Zhu Huaying , Wang Shandan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective Severe pneumonia is a common pediatric disease, often complicated by respiratory failure (RF). The expression changes of long non-coding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) were examined in children with severe pneumonia, as well as their predictive value in the occurrence of RF and poor outcomes.
Methods A total of 120 children with severe pneumonia were included, 60 of whom had RF. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels. Deaths during the follow-up period were recorded through a 28-day follow-up survey. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan Meier (K-M) plot were drawn to display diagnostic and predictive values, with the help of multiple logistic and Cox regression analysis.
Results A sharp rise of serum ZFAS1 was tested in severe pneumonia children, providing a area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.920, with a sensitivity of 81.67% and a specificity of 90.00%. Serum ZFAS1 (OR = 5.832, 95% CI = 2.283–14.899) was found to be associated with the occurrence of RF after adjusting other clinical indexes, with an AUC-ROC of 0.843. ZFAS1 (HR = 4.624, 95% CI = 1.318–16.217, P < 0.05) was an independent influence factor for the poor prognosis. Cases with high ZFAS1 levels had worse clinical outcomes.
Conclusion Monitoring serum ZFAS1 levels is helpful in assessing severe pneumonia in children, especially for early identification of cases with RF. High serum ZFAS1 levels have a certain predictive value for poor prognosis in patients.