bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an imitation learning method for a neural network system of mobile robot’s movement on example of the maze solving
Authors: Kim T. Yu. , Prakapovich R. A. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To develop a new method for training a mobile robot control system to use a maze solver algorithm based on reinforcement learning and the right-hand algorithm.Methods. The work uses the method of computer modeling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.Results. A new method for training a mobile robot control system capable of implementing the right-hand algorithm for finding an exit from a maze is proposed. The proposed method is based on the work of two agents interacting with each other: the first directly implements the search algorithm and searches for an exit from the maze, and the second, following it, tries to learn using the imitation learning method. The expert agent, implementing a discrete algorithm for moving through the maze, makes precise discrete steps and moves almost independently of the second agent. The only limitation is its speed, which is directly proportional to the distance between the agents. The second agent, the student agent, tries to reduce the distance to the first agent by trial and error. The learning process was implemented using the reinforcement learning method, which was used in the imitation mode and for which a corresponding reward function was developed, allowing the robot's center of mass to be kept in the center of the corridor and, if necessary, to turn, following the expert agent. The agents move along a virtual polygon consisting of branched corridors wide enough to implement various movement maneuvers.Conclusion. It was proven that, thanks to the proposed method of imitative learning, the student agent is able not only to adopt the required behavior patterns from the expert agent – to search for an exit in a previously unknown labyrinth using the right-hand algorithm, but also to independently acquire new ones (changing speed on a turn, bypassing small dead-end corridors), which positively influence the performance of the assigned task.
IPA: Class 0 Protostars Viewed in CO Emission Using JWST
Authors: Rubinstein Adam E. , Evans Neal J. , Tyagi Himanshu , Narang Mayank , Nazari Pooneh , Gutermuth Robert , Federman Samuel , Manoj P. , Green Joel D. , Watson Dan M. , Megeath S. Thomas , Rocha Will R. M. , Brunken Nashanty G. C. , Slavicinska Katerina , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Beuther Henrik , Bourke Tyler L. , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Hartmann Lee , Klaassen Pamela , Linz Hendrik , Looney Leslie W. , Muzerolle James , Stanke Thomas , Tobin John J. , Wolk Scott J. , Yang Yao-Lun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the bright CO fundamental emission in the central regions of five protostars in their primary mass assembly phase using new observations from JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph and Mid-Infrared Instrument. CO line emission images and fluxes are extracted for a forest of ∼150 rovibrational transitions from two vibrational bands, v = 1−0 and v = 2−1. However, 13CO is undetected, indicating that 12CO emission is optically thin. We use H2 emission lines to correct fluxes for extinction and then construct rotation diagrams for the CO lines with the highest spectral resolution and sensitivity to estimate rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules. Two distinct rotational temperature components are required for v = 1 (∼600 to 1000 K and 2000 to ∼104 K), while one hotter component is required for v = 2 (≳3500 K). 13CO is depleted compared to the abundances found in the interstellar medium, indicating selective UV photodissociation of 13CO; therefore, UV radiative pumping may explain the higher rotational temperatures in v = 2. The average vibrational temperature is ∼1000 K for our sources and is similar to the lowest rotational temperature components. Using the measured rotational and vibrational temperatures to infer a total number of CO molecules, we find that the total gas masses range from lower limits of ∼1022 g for the lowest mass protostars to ∼1026 g for the highest mass protostars. Our gas mass lower limits are compatible with those in more evolved systems, which suggest the lowest rotational temperature component comes from the inner disk, scattered into our line of sight, but we also cannot exclude the contribution to the CO emission from disk winds for higher mass targets.
Investigating the Role of Inward Alfvén Waves and Structures in the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Terres Michael , Li Gang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The solar wind dynamics are thought to be governed by counter-propagating Alfvén waves. Alfvén waves generate a turbulent cascade through nonlinear couplings between shearing wave packets. However, imbalances, structures, and intermittency complicate the solar wind’s magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Simulations and theories have suggested that dynamic alignment, or the tendency for velocity and magnetic fluctuations to become more correlated as a function of scale, may dictate the turbulent cascade. Observations have hinted at dynamic alignment at large scales but remain inconclusive at small scales. To investigate the nature of dynamically aligning fluctuations in the solar wind, we examine slow wind intervals from the Helios 2 spacecraft. We develop a two-component model of solar wind turbulence consisting of Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic contributions. We assume that only counter-propagating Alfvén waves experience dynamic alignment, and the non-Alfvénic structures do not participate in the alignment process. Our model allows us to constrain the relative contribution of inward Alfvén waves and non-Alfvénic structures with respect to the amplitude of outward Alfvén waves in the slow solar wind as a function of scale under the assumption of dynamic alignment. We show that the power ratio of inward to outward Alfvén fluctuations decreases as a function of scale. At the same time, the non-Alfvénic structures to outward Alfvén fluctuations increase with decreasing scale. Increasing structures provide a possible explanation for no dynamic alignment at small scales. Our study implies the need for new theoretical models to fully account for the solar wind’s compressibility, intermittency, and imbalanced nature.
Exploring the Relation Between Health Literacy, Infodemic, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Torkian Samaneh , Rashti Roya , Emami Mahasti , Shahnazi Hossein , Maracy Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2024

Background
Health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in navigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially with the abundance of conflicting information from unauthorized sources.

Objective
This study aims to measure COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, COVID-19 HL, and COVID-19 infodemic and their predictors in Iranians.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the general population in Iran between August 20, 2021 to October 29, 2021. Data were collected using a valid questionnaire with four parts. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, generalized linear models, and ordinal regression with the Polytomous Universal Model were performed using SPSS version 26.

Key Results
The study revealed that 68.6% of the participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, 45% had sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, and 52.2% were confused by false information during the pandemic. The results showed that having sufficient COVID-19 HL was significantly associated with higher acceptance of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 2.12). Additionally, higher COVID-19 HL scores were associated with a higher adjusted odds of confusion by false information with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: 1 .11, 1 .13).

Conclusion

This study exhibits low levels of COVID-19 HL in Iran, and the fact that higher COVID-19 HL is associated with higher vaccine acceptance. Because vaccination is an essential preventive measure to stop the COVID-19 pandemic, factors associated with low vaccine acceptance need to be addressed by public health strategies. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2024;8(4):e184–e193.

]
Preparing graduates for the job market: A strength-based skill development approach
Authors: Matabane Mathashwane J. , Lodewyk-Raliphada Roslyn , Graupner Lené I. 
Published: October 2024

Orientation: The lack of skills, such as communication and teamwork among graduates, is a major concern for employers. Graduates should prioritise developing skills in demand for the evolving job market.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the impressions of graduates regarding the skills they need to enter the job market and to develop and present a strength-based skills training programme for graduates in the South African labour market.Motivation for the study: Graduates can be equipped through a strength-based approach, which could assist them in applying their strengths to find employment in the South African labour market.Research design/approach and method: A qualitative research approach with a social constructivism paradigm was used. The participants were unemployed graduates, with a sample size of N = 10. Data was collected by using qualitative surveys captured on the QuestionPro platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Main findings: The findings highlight the challenges faced by unemployed graduates. The participants reported feeling empowered by the training programme, helping them recognise and utilise their skills and strengths.Practical/managerial implications: The study highlighted that a strength-based training program for unemployed graduates could enhance the skills necessary for employment, such as self-awareness and emotional intelligence. A comprehensive understanding of the barriers to decent work is crucial for developing interventions to equip graduates for the labour market.Contribution/value-add: This research provides a basis for training and developing unemployed graduates from a strength-based perspective.
Time Usage and Satisfaction Based on Occupational Area Between Weekdays and Weekends of Family Caregivers and Non-family Caregivers of Dementia Patients
Authors: Jang Woo-Hyuk , Park Jong-Hwi 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:
The number of people with dementia and the burden on families to care for them are increasing. As a result, families are affected in their use of time to carry out daily activities. This study compared family caregivers of dementia patients (dementia family) and non-family caregivers of dementia patients (non-dementia family), reflecting their characteristics on weekdays and weekends.

Methods:
There were 92 participants each in the groups dementia family and non-dementia family. Each group was divided into 121 people on weekdays and 71 people on weekends. Time usage was measured by occupational area. The variables assessed were “lack of time,” “tiredness,” “life satisfaction,” and “leisure satisfaction.” Variables including “house chores sharing” and “role division” were also assessed. The time usage of the Korea National Statistical Office’s 2019 “time use survey” was reclassified based on the occupational areas of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-Fourth Edition, and time usage and satisfaction were analyzed. Frequency analysis and independent t-test were used for statistical processing.

Results:
On weekdays, the dementia family showed less time usage in the “leisure” area for men and “social participation” area for women than the non-dementia family. On weekends, dementia family showed less time usage in the “activities of daily living” (ADLs) area than the non-dementia family and women in dementia family showed less time usage in “ADLs” area compared to women in the non-dementia family. Satisfaction was found to be higher in terms of “lack of time” and “tiredness” on weekdays and “tiredness” on weekends in dementia family than in the non-dementia family.

Conclusions:
Time usage and satisfaction of dementia family and non-dementia family showed differences during weekdays and weekends. These results suggest that for family caregivers of dementia patients, it is necessary to improve the efficient use of time and satisfaction during weekdays and holidays.
A cross-sectional pilot study to estimate the frequency of minor blood group alleles and phenotypes in RhD-negative North Indian blood donors by DNA microarray analysis
Authors: Negi Gita , Malhotra Sheetal , Goyal Bela , Singh Praveen Kumar , Mirza Anissa Atif 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
There are scarce data on Indian blood donors with respect to blood group phenotypes using molecular diagnostic modalities. Hence, we planned to estimate frequencies of blood group alleles/phenotypes using DNA microarray analysis in the north Indian RhD-negative blood donor population. With this initial pilot study, we plan to expand it to our entire donor population.

METHODOLOGY:
The cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 50 Indian blood donors (O RhD negative), to study the blood group genotype frequency. Genotyping for the most relevant red blood cell antigens (Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Lutheran, and Dombrock) was done using Bioarray Precise TypeHM Human Erythrocyte Antigen BeadChip kit containing probes directed to polymorphic sites.

RESULTS:
In the Rh system, the most common alleles were RHCE*e/RHCE*e (98%) and RHCE*c/RHCE*c (80%). Phenotype K-k+ (genotype- KEL*02/KEL*02) was seen in 98% of samples, Js(a-b+) (KEL*02.07/KEL*02.07) was detected in 98% (49/50) of the samples tested. Jk(a + b+) (JK*01/JK*02) was the most common phenotype (48%) in the Kidd blood group system. In MNSs system, M+N+ (GYPA*01/GYPA*02) 44% and S+s+U+ (GYPB
*03/GYPB*04) 34% were the most common phenotypes detected.

CONCLUSION:
This pilot study shows the feasibility of genotyping a Northern Indian donor population. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study on molecular blood grouping in Indian blood donors using the Bioarray platform.
Autologous stem cell transplant in Jehovah’s Witness: The last hope for survival
Authors: Singh Prachi , Karthikeyan Jayagowri , Chowdhry Mohit , Seth Shishir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
A 55-year-old female, belonging to Jehovah’s Witness community, had to undergo autologous stem transplantation (ASCT), the last ultimate option for her chemoresistant multiple myeloma. Due to her religious faith, she did not consent to transfusing blood components throughout her treatment course, which made the situation medically and ethically challenging. We, as a multidisciplinary team, formulated an individualized treatment algorithm, counseling sessions, and various special documentation to take the treatment plan forward. Risk–benefit analysis and contingency planning were crucial in her case as it was a one-of-a-kind experience. This bloodless ASCT was successful by means of thoughtful waiting, guarded management, and alternatives to blood components.
Vital Staining Role in Resection and Reconstruction of Tongue Cancers with Free Flap - A Comparative Study
Authors: Puranapanda Meghana Sri Ravali , Jakkula Ananth Nag , Gogineni Tarun , Damera Srikanth , Vatti Ganga Kishore 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The purpose of this study is to compare and infer the most suitable dye for visualisation of ipsilateral and contralateral sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), positive, negative outcomes, sensitivity, their specificities and visualisation of anastomosed blood vessels in microvascular reconstruction of tongue cancers.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective in vivo comparative study involving twenty patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue treated with wide excision of primary tongue tumour, modified functional neck dissection and microvascular reconstruction with radial forearm free flap. Consecutive random allocation was done into two groups with ten patients each. Patients were injected with methylene blue as the first group and near-infrared fluorescence indocyanine green (ICG) into the second. The patients were evaluated intraoperatively regarding the better dye in methylene blue and ICG for identification of ipsilateral and contralateral SLNs, their positive, negative outcomes, sensitivity and specificities. Apart from these, in cases of group B, after microvascular transfers, ICG is used for visualisation of anastomosed vessels to prevent abnormal perfusions, leaks and post–flap failures. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The present study revealed ICG being the better dye in the parameters mentioned.

Discussion:
Lymph node yield in neck dissection is a prognostic factor in oral cancers. ICG is inferred as the better dye for identification of SLN with 100% outcomes and in blood vessel visualisation after microvascular free tissue transfers. It is also useful in identifying positive contralateral sentinel nodes, which is helpful in undertaking bilateral neck dissections related to tongue carcinoma.
Correlation between glycemic control and retinal nerve fiber layer parameters in type 2 diabetics without retinopathy: a case control study
Authors: Elnagar Eman L. , Swaify Islam Y. , Abuhussein Nahla B. , Fadel Mariam R. , Kenawy Mohamed B. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Retinal neurodegenerative changes were found to develop in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) before the onset of microvascular changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Such changes usually affect inner retinal layers in the form of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning.

Aim
To correlate the degree of glycemic control [in the form of hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) levels] with changes in peripapillary RNFL thickness in patients with type 2 DM without DR using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients and methods
Participants are divided into three groups each including 28 eyes: group 1: uncontrolled type 2 DM without DR (HBA1c≥7%), group 2: controlled type 2 DM without DR (HBA1c<7%), group 3: healthy age and sex-matched controls. Peripapillary RNFL and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were evaluated in all participants using RTVue spectral domain OCT device (Optovue, Fremont, USA).

Results
Peripapillary RNFL and macular GCC were significantly thinner in the uncontrolled type 2 DM group in comparison to both the controlled type 2 DM group and the healthy control group. No significant difference in OCT parameters between the controlled type 2 DM group and the healthy control group. HBA1c shows a statistically significant negative correlation with average, superior and inferior RNFL thickness as well as average, superior, and inferior GCC thickness.

Conclusion
Early and adequate glycemic control, indicated by HBA1c less than 7%, is of critical importance in delaying and reducing early neurodegenerative changes in the form of RNFL and GCC thinning in patients with type 2 DM without DR.
Evaluation of macular and optic nerve head changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Mohamed Ezzeldin G. , Elsersy Tamer H. , Lotfy Ayman M. , Elshabrawy Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is introduced as a safe, noninvasive, and dye-free technology that provides an assessment of both large vessels and microvasculature of the retina and some parts of the choriocapillaris. Measuring vessel densities using OCTA at both the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucomatous eyes and comparing them with those of normal eyes will give us an idea about the effect of glaucoma on vessel densities and the role of OCTA in controlling and monitoring glaucoma progression, which remains despite the various medical and surgical treatment options, the second most common reason of blindness worldwide.

Aims
The current study aimed to assess vessel densities in glaucomatous patients at both the macula and ONH and compare them with vessel densities of normal participants and to assess if OCTA can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.

Settings and design
Case–control study.

Patients and methods
The study enrolled 60 patients who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 30 patients with any type of glaucoma and group 2 included 30 normal participants. OCTA was performed on all of them to assess the macular and ONH vessel densities.

Results
Glaucomatous patients showed decreased vessel density at the macula and the ONH. The vessel densities at the foveal and all quadrants of parafoveal regions of the macula were decreased when compared with vessel densities of normal participants. Vessel densities at all quadrants of the peripapillary region also decreased when compared with those of normal participants with a strong positive correlation between average peripapillary vessel density and average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Conclusions
Both macular vessel density and ONH vessel density are affected in glaucoma and that may play a role in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.
Evaluation of the different methods of optic disc examination in glaucomatous patients
Authors: Hefny Mostafa M. , Abd-Elshafik Mohamed A. , Gharib Hesham M. , Shabaan Yasmine M. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many patients discover glaucoma accidentally during regular checkups.

Purpose
To evaluate the agreement using slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of the optic disc area, the cup area, and the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) in glaucomatous patients.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional observational study includes 28 eyes of glaucomatous patients. All patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy using a +90 D lens, stereoscopic fundus photography using a computerized program to measure the optic disc parameters, and OCT for optic disc evaluation. Three examiners did the analysis.

Results
Comparing results obtained on stereoscopic fundus photography and OCT, examiner one reported moderate reliability regarding disc area, cup area, and the VCDR with an intraclass coefficient (ICC) of 0.67, 0.67, and 0.50 and P values of 0.68, 0.61, and 0.01, respectively. Examiner two reported moderate reliability regarding disc area, cup area, and VCDR with an ICC of 0.66, 0.63, and 0.54 and P values of 0.16, 0.69, and 0.03, respectively. Examiner three reported moderate reliability regarding disc area and VCDR with an ICC of 0.65, 0.71, and P values of 0.69 and 0.07, respectively. A good reliability for the cup area was reported with an ICC of 0.82 and a P value of 0.02. The slit lamp and stereoscopic fundus photos showed moderate reliability compared with fundus photography values.

Conclusion
There is an agreement between values obtained by slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus photography, and OCT.