bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic Response Process to Conflicting Institutional Demands in MNC Subsidiaries: An Inductive Study in the Sub‐Saharan African E‐Commerce Sector
Authors: Holm Alison E. , Decreton Benoit , Nell Phillip C. , Klopf Patricia 
Published: November 2016

Research SummaryHow do subsidiary managers react when their headquarters' managers make requests that conflict with the local environment in which the subsidiary operates? Using data from a subsidiary based in Sub‐Saharan Africa and headquartered in Europe, we show that subsidiary managers need more time than usually expected to react to headquarters' demands. Subsidiary managers sometimes postpone or test headquarters' demands before deciding how to respond to them. In addition, subsidiary managers can implement headquarters' demands in ways that do not fit the expectations from the headquarters or local actors (e.g., customers and suppliers), thus resulting in additional delays. Headquarters managers must be aware that implementation can take longer than they anticipate, particularly for subsidiaries located in environments that differ substantially from the environment of the headquarters.Managerial summaryIn this article, we examine responses to the conflicting institutional demands faced by an e‐commerce subsidiary located in Sub‐Saharan Africa and headquartered in Europe. Following an inductive approach, we gathered data from a six‐month participant‐observation study and interviews with local managers. Our findings show that the subsidiary managers responded to conflicting institutional demands in a dynamic way, taking one response after the other. In some cases, the subsidiary managers responded in a way that they thought would be satisfactory, but subsequent pressures from their headquarters or their local environment pushed them to adopt a new response. In other cases, the subsidiary managers intentionally adopted responses knowing they would (have to) adopt another response later in the process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Strategic Potential of Community‐Based Hybrid Models: The Case of Global Business Services in Africa
Authors: Manning Stephan , Kannothra Chacko G. , Wissman‐Weber Nichole K. 
Published: November 2016

Research SummaryFirms in latecomer economies, such as Sub‐Saharan Africa, often have limited success with traditional business models. We explain why it can be more feasible to adopt a hybrid model in such a region that combines profitability with serving local communities, e.g., by promoting inclusive employment or by targeting underserved markets. Sub‐Saharan Africa supports hybrid models and social enterprises mainly through local community resources (e.g., labor, market ideas), community organizations giving access to such resources, and experience with business‐community alliances. Hybrid models can benefit from such conditions when business clients and governments support the social mission and when firms are ready to target niche rather than mainstream markets. We illustrate the business potential of hybrid enterprises based on the case of ‘impact sourcing’ in global business services in Kenya and South Africa.Managerial summaryAs a latecomer economy, Africa faces persistent difficulties with catching up in global markets. This study examines the strategic potential of community‐based hybrid models, which balance market profitability with social impact in local communities. Focusing on the global business services industry in Kenya and South Africa and the practice of ‘impact sourcing’ (the hiring and training of disadvantaged staff servicing business clients), we find that while regular providers struggle to compete with global peers, hybrid model adopters manage to access underutilized labor pools through community organizations, and target less competitive niche client markets. We further identify key industry‐, institutional‐, and firm‐level factors that affect hybrid model adoption. Findings have important implications for research on catch‐up processes in latecomer economies, hybrid models, and global business services. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political Connections and Business Strategy in Dynamic Environments: How Types and Destinations of Political Ties Affect Business Diversification in Closed and Open Political Economic Contexts
Authors: Mahmood Ishtiaq , Chung Chi‐Nien , Mitchell Will 
Published: November 2016

Research summaryThis article studies how the strategic benefits of political ties change as a closed political‐economic system opens, focusing on types and destinations of connections between business leaders and political actors. We examine how formal and informal ties (types) to party leaders, government officials, and elected legislators (destinations) facilitated diversification by business groups in Taiwan between 1986 and 1998. During this period, Taiwan underwent political and economic liberalization that led to changes in tie accountability, public scrutiny, and diffusion of power over resources. We show that formal position interlocks with dominant party or senior government officials provide greatest benefits in a closed political‐economic system, while informal social ties to a wider range of political actors, particularly legislators, provide greater benefits as the system becomes more open.Managerial summaryAs a closed political economy becomes more open, the types and destinations of political ties that generate strategic benefits for firms change. In closed markets, the greatest benefits arise from formal ties to central political leaders. In more open markets, the benefits shift to informal ties with a broader range of political actors, including legislators. We demonstrate the change in targets for strategic benefits by studying how political ties influenced business diversification in Taiwan as the country moved from closed markets in the 1980s to more open markets in the 1990s. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society
Bartleby in the NICU
Authors: Lantos John D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe doctors were frustrated. They could see only two options. Neither was very desirable. They could stop the ventilator and let the baby die. Or they could do a tracheostomy and start preparations to discharge him on a ventilator. The parents wanted a third option. They kept hoping that their baby would get better. The doctors were pretty sure that that wasn't going to happen.
Competence in Plain English
Authors: Tomlinson Tom 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLike many other bioethicists, I often give talks on clinical topics that may touch on the patient's right of autonomy with regard to medical treatment and, from there, may move to questions about whether said patient has the capacity to exercise said right. When I get to that subject, I might ask, “Is this person competent to refuse treatment?” A stunned silence falls over the room, until finally a hand shoots up. “‘Competent’ is a legal term,” I am instructed. “Don't you mean to ask whether he has the capacity to make decisions for himself?” The tone suggests that I'm being helped to make a very important distinction. But it's not a very important distinction; and it's misleading to boot.
Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?
Authors: Ferraresi Cleber , Huang Ying‐Ying , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: November 2016

Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near‐infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sports performance in athletes. This review covers the effects of PBM on human muscle tissue in clinical trials in volunteers related to sports performance and in athletes. The parameters used were categorized into those with positive effects or no effects on muscle performance and recovery. Randomized controlled trials and case‐control studies in both healthy trained and untrained participants, and elite athletes were retrieved from MEDLINE up to 2016. Performance metrics included fatigue, number of repetitions, torque, hypertrophy; measures of muscle damage and recovery such as creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness. Searches retrieved 533 studies, of which 46 were included in the review (n = 1045 participants). Studies used single laser probes, cluster of laser diodes, LED clusters, mixed clusters (lasers and LEDs), and flexible LED arrays. Both red, NIR, and red/NIR mixtures were used. PBM can increase muscle mass gained after training, and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle biopsies. We raise the question of whether PBM should be permitted in athletic competition by international regulatory authorities.
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Tribology of flexible and sliding spinal implants: Development of experimental and numerical models
Authors: Le Cann Sophie , Chaves‐Jacob Julien , Rossi Jean‐Marie , Linares Jean‐Marc , Chabrand Patrick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNew fusionless devices are being developed to get over the limits of actual spinal surgical treatment, based on arthrodesis. However, due to their recentness, no standards exist to test and validate those devices, especially concerning the wear. A new tribological first approach to the definition of an in vitro wear protocol to study wear of flexible and sliding spinal devices is presented in this article, and was applied to a new concept. A simplified synthetic spine portion (polyethylene) was developed to reproduce a simple supra‐physiological spinal flexion (10° between two vertebrae). The device studied with this protocol was tested in wet environment until 1 million cycles (Mc). We obtained an encouraging estimated wear volume of same order of magnitude compared to similar devices. An associated finite element (FE) numerical model has permitted to access contact information and study the effect of misalignment of one screw. First results could point out how to improve the design and suggest that a vertical misalignment of a screw (under or over‐screwing) has more impact than a horizontal one. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 104–111, 2018.
Influence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Media on Proliferation of Urinary Tract Cancer Cell Lines and Their Sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Maj Malgorzata , Bajek Anna , Nalejska Ewelina , Porowinska Dorota , Kloskowski Tomasz , Gackowska Lidia , Drewa Tomasz 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to interact with cancer cells through direct cell‐to‐cell contact and secretion of paracrine factors, although their exact influence on tumor progression in vivo remains unclear. To better understand how fetal and adult stem cells affect tumors, we analyzed viability of human renal (786‐0) and bladder (T24) carcinoma cell lines cultured in conditioned media harvested from amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (AFSCs) and adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs). Both media reduced metabolic activity of 786‐0 cells, however, decreased viability of T24 cells was noted only after incubation with conditioned medium from ASCs. To test the hypothesis that MSCs‐secreted factors might be involved in chemoresistance acquisition, we further analyzed influence of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (MSC‐CM) on cancer cells sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, that is considered as potential candidate agent for urinary tract cancers treatment. Significantly increased resistance to tested drug indicates that MSCs may protect cancer cells from chemotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1361–1368, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporation of conjugated fatty acids into Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Bonafé Elton G , de Figueiredo Luana C , Martins Alessandro F , Monteiro Johny P , Junior Oscar OS , Canesin Edmilson A , Maruyama Swami Arêa , Visentainer Jesuí V 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to improve the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia meat through enriched diets with conjugated isomers of linolenic acid from tung oil. The transfer process of conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) into fish muscle tissue was evaluated by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) and easy ambient sonic‐spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI‐MS).RESULTSThe results showed that conjugated fatty acids were transferred from enriched diet for muscle tissue of Nile tilapia. Conjugated linoleic acids biosynthesis from conjugated linolenic acids was also observed after 10 days. Other important fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and arachidonic (AA) acids were also identified over time; however, DHA showed the highest concentration when compared with EPA and AA compounds.CONCLUSIONTherefore, the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia was improved through feeding with enriched diets. The ingestion of these fish may contribute to reaching adequate levels of daily CFA consumption. Furthermore, other important substances which play an important role in human metabolism, such as EPA, DHA and AA, can also be ingested together with CFA. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Brand Equity Research Using Online Customer Ratings of Spanish Hotels
Authors: Soler Ismael P. , Gémar Germán 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study sought to create and test a customer‐based brand equity model for Spanish hotels with TripAdvisor data. Using a sample of 1514 hotels and structural equation modelling with an asymptotically distribution‐free method, a valid basic, unified model was developed. The results confirm the viability of online data for brand equity research. These data reduce the cost of data capture, allowing the collection of a large amount of data and the creation of more dynamic models. The results also show that aspects of brand equity are now under the control of users, a finding that requires further research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐broadband nanophotonic beamsplitter using an anisotropic sub‐wavelength metamaterial
Authors: Halir Robert , Cheben Pavel , Luque‐González José Manuel , Sarmiento‐Merenguel Jose Darío , Schmid Jens H. , Wangüemert‐Pérez Gonzalo , Xu Dan‐Xia , Wang Shurui , Ortega‐Moñux Alejandro , Molina‐Fernández Íñigo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanophotonic beamsplitters are fundamental building blocks in integrated optics, with applications ranging from high speed telecom receivers to biological sensors and quantum splitters. While high‐performance multiport beamsplitters have been demonstrated in several material platforms using multimode interference couplers, their operation bandwidth remains fundamentally limited. Here, we leverage the inherent anisotropy and dispersion of a sub‐wavelength structured photonic metamaterial to demonstrate ultra‐broadband integrated beamsplitting. Our device, which is three times more compact than its conventional counterpart, can achieve high‐performance operation over an unprecedented 500 nm design bandwidth exceeding all optical communication bands combined, and making it one of the most broadband silicon photonics components reported to date. Our demonstration paves the way toward nanophotonic waveguide components with ultra‐broadband operation for next generation integrated photonic systems.
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Constipation in parkinson's disease: Subjective symptoms, objective markers, and new perspectives
Authors: Knudsen Karoline , Krogh Klaus , Østergaard Karen , Borghammer Per 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTConstipation is among the first nonmotor symptoms to develop in the prodromal phase of PD. Pathological alpha‐synuclein deposition is present throughout the gastrointestinal tract up to 20 years preceding diagnosis. Nevertheless, constipation in the context of PD remains ill defined and poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of subjective symptoms and objective measures of constipation in PD. More than 10 different definitions of constipation have been used in the PD literature, making generalizations difficult. When pooling results from the most homogeneous studies in PD, a median constipation prevalence of 40% to 50% emerges, but with large variation across individual studies. Also, constipation prevalence tends to increase with disease progression. A similar prevalence is observed among patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Interestingly, we detected a correlation between constipation prevalence in PD patients and healthy control groups in individual studies, raising concerns about how various constipation questionnaires are implemented across study populations. More than 80% of PD patients exhibit prolonged colonic transit time, and the same is probably true for de novo PD patients. Thus, the prevalence of objective colonic dysfunction exceeds the prevalence of subjective constipation. Colonic transit time measures are simple, widely available, and hold promise as a useful biomarker in manifest PD. More research is needed to elucidate the role of gastrointestinal dysfunction in disease progression of PD. Moreover, colonic transit measures may have utility as a more accurate risk factor for predicting PD in the prodromal phase. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Lung neuroendocrine tumours: deep sequencing of the four World Health Organization histotypes reveals chromatin‐remodelling genes as major players and a prognostic role for TERT, RB1, MEN1 and KMT2D
Authors: Simbolo Michele , Mafficini Andrea , Sikora Katarzyna O , Fassan Matteo , Barbi Stefano , Corbo Vincenzo , Mastracci Luca , Rusev Borislav , Grillo Federica , Vicentini Caterina , Ferrara Roberto , Pilotto Sara , Davini Federico , Pelosi Giuseppe , Lawlor Rita T , Chilosi Marco , Tortora Giampaolo , Bria Emilio , Fontanini Gabriella , Volante Marco , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to 148 lung neuroendocrine tumours (LNETs) comprising the four World Health Organization classification categories: 53 typical carcinoid (TCs), 35 atypical carcinoid (ACs), 27 large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 33 small‐cell lung carcinomas. A discovery screen was conducted on 46 samples by the use of whole‐exome sequencing and high‐coverage targeted sequencing of 418 genes. Eighty‐eight recurrently mutated genes from both the discovery screen and current literature were verified in the 46 cases of the discovery screen, and validated on additional 102 LNETs by targeted NGS; their prevalence was then evaluated on the whole series. Thirteen of these 88 genes were also evaluated for copy number alterations (CNAs). Carcinoids and carcinomas shared most of the altered genes but with different prevalence rates. When mutations and copy number changes were combined, MEN1 alterations were almost exclusive to carcinoids, whereas alterations of TP53 and RB1 cell cycle regulation genes and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway genes were significantly enriched in carcinomas. Conversely, mutations in chromatin‐remodelling genes, including those encoding histone modifiers and members of SWI–SNF complexes, were found at similar rates in carcinoids (45.5%) and carcinomas (55.0%), suggesting a major role in LNET pathogenesis. One AC and one TC showed a hypermutated profile associated with a POLQ damaging mutation. There were fewer CNAs in carcinoids than in carcinomas; however ACs showed a hybrid pattern, whereby gains of TERT, SDHA, RICTOR, PIK3CA, MYCL and SRC were found at rates similar to those in carcinomas, whereas the MEN1 loss rate mirrored that of TCs. Multivariate survival analysis revealed RB1 mutation (p = 0.0005) and TERT copy gain (p = 0.016) as independent predictors of poorer prognosis. MEN1 mutation was associated with poor prognosis in AC (p = 0.0045), whereas KMT2D mutation correlated with longer survival in SCLC (p = 0.0022). In conclusion, molecular profiling may complement histology for better diagnostic definition and prognostic stratification of LNETs. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Metathesis cyclopolymerization of substituted 1,6‐heptadiyne and dual conductivity of doped polyacetylene bearing branched triazole pendants
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Li Hongfei , Zhou Dandan , Liao Xiaojuan , Xie Meiran , Sun Ruyi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe branched triazole group is synthesized by click chemistry via a controlled approach of slow addition of AB2 compound to a B2 core, and used as the substituent for 1,6‐heptadiyne monomer. Metathesis cyclopolymerization of monomer is performed well in dichloromethane without the weakly coordinating additive, indicating that the branched triazole itself can stabilize the living propagating chain, to generate branched triazole pendant‐contained polyacetylene with trans‐double bonds and five‐membered ring repeating units along the conjugated backbone. The LiTFSI doped polyacetylenes display ionic conductivities of 2.5–1.8 × 10−6 S cm−1; by further doping with iodine, polyacetylenes show the improved ionic and electronic conductivities of 1.3 × 10−5 and 2.1 × 10−7 S cm−1 at 30 °C, respectively. Therefore, these doped polyacetylenes may act as the new electrolyte materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 485–494
Relationships between molecular structure and thermomechanical properties of bio‐based thermosetting polymers
Authors: Yang Jung Ho , Srikanth Arun , Jang Changwoon , Abrams Cameron F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics simulations are used to study highly cross‐linked epoxy networks comprised of furanyl epoxy monomer, 2,5‐bis[(2‐oxiranylmethoxy)methyl]‐furan (BOF), that is cross‐linked by two furanyl amine hardeners, 5,5'‐methylenedifurfurylamine (DFDA) and 5,5'‐ethylidenedifurfirylamine (CH3‐DFDA). Important properties of these fully furan‐based systems, including room temperature density, glass transition temperature, and Young's modulus are found to agree with previous experimental results. We also compare the simulated and experimental values of four fully furan‐based thermosetting materials to those using the conventional resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with the two furanyl hardeners. Our simulation results predict a slight decrease in density and Young's modulus, but no impact on the glass transition temperature, upon adding the methyl group in DFDA. Detailed analyses of the MD trajectories reveal the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed structure/property relations, which center on the lack of collinear covalent bonds in the BOF molecular structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 285–292