bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for microbial selection in frescoes’ deterioration in Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
Authors: Tomassetti Maria Cristina , Cirigliano Angela , Arrighi Chiara , Negri Rodolfo , Mura Francesco , Maneschi Maria Lorella , Gentili Maria Donatella , Stirpe Mariarita , Mazzoni Cristina , Rinaldi Teresa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMural paintings in the hypogeal environment of the Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy, show a quite dramatic condition: the plaster mortar lost his cohesion and a white layer coating is spread over almost all the wall surfaces. The aim of this research is to verify if the activity of microorganisms could be one of the main causes of deterioration and if the adopted countermeasures (conventional biocide treatments) are sufficient to stop it. A biocide treatment of the whole environment has been carried out before the conservative intervention and the tomb has been closed for one month. When the tomb was opened again, we sampled the microorganisms present on the frescoes and we identified four Bacillus species and one mould survived to the biocide treatment. These organisms are able to produce spores, a highly resistant biological form, which has permitted the survival despite the biocide treatment. We show that these Bacillus strains are able to produce calcium carbonate and could be responsible for the white deposition that was damaging and covering the entire surface of the frescoes. Our results confirm that the sanitation intervention is non always resolutive and could even be deleterious in selecting harmful microbial communities.
Combination of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd protects the retina against bright light-induced degeneration
Authors: Bian Minjuan , Du Xiaoye , Wang Peiwei , Cui Jingang , Xu Jing , Gu Jiangping , Zhang Teng , Chen Yu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhotoreceptor degeneration is a central pathology of various retinal degenerative diseases which currently lack effective therapies. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are noted for Panax notoginsenoside saponins (PNS) and related saponin compound(s). However, the photoreceptor protective potentials of PNS or related saponin compound(s) remain unknown. The current study revealed that PNS protected against photoreceptor loss in bright light-exposed BALB/c mice. Combination of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rd, two major saponin compounds of PNS, recapitulated the retinal protection of PNS and attenuated retinal oxidative stress and inflammatory changes. Rb1 or Rd partially alleviated all-trans-Retinal-induced oxidative stress in ARPE19 cells. Rb1 or Rd suppressed lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced proinflammatory gene expression in ARPE19 and RAW264.7 cells. Rb1 or Rd also modulated the expression of proinflammatory microRNA, miR-155 and its direct target, anti-inflammatory SHIP1, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The retinal expression of miR-155 and SHIP1 was altered preceding extensive retinal damage, which was maintained at normal level by Rb1 and Rd combination. This work shows for the first time that altered expression of miR-155 and SHIP1 are involved in photoreceptor degeneration. Most importantly, novel retinal protective activities of combination of Rb1 and Rd justify further evaluation for the treatment of related retinal degenerative disorders.
Adaptable waveform design for enhanced detection of moving targets
Authors: Martone Anthony , Gallagher Kyle , Sherbondy Kelly , Hedden Abigail , Dietlein Charles 
Published: July 2017

In this study, a spectrum sharing technique is investigated for enhanced detection of moving targets. This approach, the spectrum sensing‐multi‐objective optimisation technique, passively monitors the electromagnetic environment for radio frequency (RF) emissions radiated by RF systems. This technique then identifies a continuous frequency sub‐band that simultaneously maximises radar performance and reduces the radars spectral footprint. The goal of the investigation presented in this study is to quantify performance improvement of a notional radar model in the presence of RF emissions measured at 2.42 GHz (by a real‐time spectrum analyser). In addition to an improved signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio, the proposed radar model increases range resolution performance as the target approaches the radar.
ENT Foreign Bodies: An Experience
Authors: Awad Al , ElTaher Mostafa 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Ear, nose and throat (ENT) foreign bodies (FBs) are common occurrences, particularly among children. The proper recognition, study, and management of FBs are required to prevent complications. Their consequences are greatly variable, from mild disturbances that may not require hospitalization up to life-threatening complications.
Objective To analyze the clinical spectrum of ENT FBs, the methods of removal, the outcomes and complications as seen in a tertiary referral hospital.
Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective study was performed from July 2014 to June 2016. Patients with any type of ENT FBs, regardless of age, were included in the study; data was collected from 1,013 patients (572 males and 440 females) with a mean age of 12.5 years.
Results Foreign bodies represented a large category among ENT emergencies (30%). Children were affected more frequently, particularly ≤ 6 years old. Swallowed FBs were the most common (53.6%), followed by aural FBs (24.68%), nasal FBs (19%), and inhaled FBs (2.6%). A total of 54.69% of ENT s were removed under general anesthesia (GA).
Conclusion Foreign bodies (FB) in the ears, nose or throat are a common occurrence in otorhinolaryngology (ENT) emergency services. Children are the most affected age group. The commonest site of FB lodgment is in the throat. Ear, nose and throat FBs need to be properly managed to avoid complications.
Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: A Survey of Neonatologists' and Nephrologists' Perceptions and Practice Management
Authors: Charlton J. , Guillet R. , Gist K. , Hanna M. , El Samra A. , Fletcher J. , Selewski D. , Mammen C. , Kent A. 
Published: July 2017

Background Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 40 to 70% of critically ill neonatal intensive care admissions. This study explored the differences in perceptions and practice variations among neonatologists and pediatric nephrologists in diagnostic criteria, management, and follow-up of neonatal AKI.
Methods A survey weblink was emailed to nephrologists and neonatologists in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, and the United States. Questions consisted of demographic and unit practices, three clinical scenarios assessing awareness of definitions of neonatal AKI, knowledge, management, and follow-up practices.
Results Many knowledge gaps among neonatologists, and to a lesser extent, pediatric nephrologists were identified. Neonatologists were less likely to use categorical definitions of neonatal AKI (p < 0.00001) or diagnose stage 1 AKI (p < 0.00001) than pediatric nephrologists. Guidelines for creatinine monitoring for nephrotoxic medications were reported by 34% (aminoglycosides) and 62% (indomethacin) of respondents. Nephrologists were more likely to consider follow-up after AKI than neonatologists (p < 0.00001). Also, 92 and 86% of neonatologists and nephrologists, respectively, reported no standardization or infrastructure for long-term renal follow-up.
Conclusion Neonatal AKI is underappreciated, particularly among neonatologists. A lack of evidence on neonatal AKI contributes to this variation in response. Therefore, dissemination of current knowledge and areas for research should be the priority.
Kynurenin und Indolamin-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) – immunologische Marker und Akteure
Authors: Hocher Berthold , Kellner Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie für die Gesundheit essenzielle Immunbalance wird maßgeblich durch die Indolamin-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) gesteuert. Hohe Aktivität der IDO und damit einhergehende hohe Kynureninspiegel blockieren das Immunsystem und ziehen schlechte Prognosen bei Infektionen, Krebs u. a. Erkrankungen nach sich. Die IDO-Aktivität kann durch Sport und Naturstoffe wie Kurkumin gesenkt werden.
Maritimes Zytostatikum und Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung eines fortgeschrittenen uterinen Leiomyosarkoms
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: July 2017

SummaryVorgestellt wird die Behandlung einer Patientin mit multipel metastasiertem Leiomyosarkom des Uterus. Über Jahre hinweg wurden alle heute üblichen Therapieoptionen eingesetzt und mit komplementärmedizinischen Maßnahmen begleitet. Zuletzt wurde das maritime Zytostatikum Trabectedin angewendet, wobei mögliche Interaktionen mit Lebensmitteln und Naturheilmitteln zu beachten sind.
Biological Activity of Bunium persicum Essential Oil from Western Himalaya
Authors: Stappen Iris , Tabanca Nurhayat , Ali Abbas , Wedge David , Wanner Jürgen , Gochev Velizar , Jaitak Vikas , Lal Brij , Kaul Vijay , Schmidt Erich , Jirovetz Leopold 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe essential oil of Bunium persicum collected from cultivated sources in the cold desert area of Lahaul-Spiti is described for its antimicrobial, larvicidal, and biting deterrent activities. Additionally, odor characterization is given. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by simultaneous GC-MS and GC-FID. γ-Terpinene and p-cymene were found to be the major compounds. Antibacterial testing by an agar dilution assay revealed low activity of the oil against all tested bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans as well as three species of the strawberry anthracnose causing plant pathogen Colletotrichum. Bunium persicum essential oil demonstrated antifungal activity against all four pathogens. Biting deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti was greater than the solvent control, but significantly lower than DEET. The essential oil of B. persicum exhibited larvicidal activity with an LC50 value of 58.6 ppm against Ae. aegypti larvae.
‚Healthy sick‘ oder: Wie genetisches Risiko den Krankheitsbegriff des GKV-Systsems aushebelt
Authors: Meier Friedhelm , Ried Jens , Braun Matthias , Dabrock Peter 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungAktuell fehlt es nicht nur an einem klaren Reglement, ob und - wenn ja - in welchem Maße prophylaktische Maßnahmen bei genetischen Risikopersonen eine Regelleistung der öffentlichen Gesundheitssystemen darstellen sollen, sondern auch an einem Konzept, mittels dessen diese Frage konsistent und transparent beantwortet werden könnte. Die Folge dieses doppelten Mangels ist, dass bspw. BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen, welche ein erhöhtes genetisches Brustkrebsrisiko haben, oft mit langwierigen und intransparent erscheinenden Entscheidungen über die Gewährung einer Leistung von Seiten der Gesundheitskassen rechnen müssen. Um diese gesundheitssystemische Frage konzeptionell adressieren und bearbeiten zu können, wird in diesem Artikel in Auseinandersetzung mit dem medizinischen Fortschritt bei der genetischen Diagnostik ein konzeptionelles Modell entwickelt (‚healthy sick‘), mit welchem sich sowohl der medizinische Behandlungsbedarf von genetischen Risikopersonen eruieren, als auch der gesundheitssystemische Status der Betroffenen abbilden und bearbeiten lässt.
Auditory cortex interneuron development requires cadherins operating hair-cell mechanoelectrical transduction
Authors: Libé-Philippot Baptiste , Michel Vincent , Boutet de Monvel Jacques , Le Gal Sébastien , Dupont Typhaine , Avan Paul , Métin Christine , Michalski Nicolas , Petit Christine 
Published: July 2017

Significance
In early-onset genetic forms of deafness, deficits of the auditory sensory organ are sufficient to account for the hearing impairment. However, the possibility that intrinsic deficits of the auditory cortex (AC) coexist with the peripheral deficits is still unexplored. We show, in rodents and primates, that the cadherin-related proteins cdhr23 and cdhr15 are expressed by many interneuron precursors targeted specifically to the AC. A deficiency of either protein results in the failure of these interneuron precursors to enter the embryonic cortex and in abnormally small numbers of parvalbumin interneurons in the AC only. These findings should lead to an improvement of hearing rehabilitation strategies in patients and open up new genetic approaches for studying AC development and function.
L’analyse de corpus comparables en contexte de formation en traduction
Authors: Cennamo Ilaria 
Published: July 2017

Résumé
Dans le présent article, nous évoquerons trois dénominateurs communs entre processus traductionnel et processus rédactionnel issus de l’Analyse du Discours (AD). Notre but est de montrer l’intérêt pédagogique d’une formation (en traduction tout comme en rédaction) basée sur l’analyse de corpus. En raison des objectifs spécifiques de notre recherche post-doctorale, nous nous concentrerons tout particulièrement sur l’intérêt lié à l’adoption de corpus comparables en tant qu’instruments pour une analyse discursive appliquée à la traduction, centrée notamment sur le rapport entre production langagière et expression d’une identité culturelle.
Increasing desirable polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in fresh beef intramuscular fat.
Authors: Vahmani P. , Rolland D. C. , Mapiye C. , Dunne P. G. , Aalhus J. L. , Juarez M. , McAllister T. A. , Prieto N. , Dugan M. E. R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Beef is an excellent source of protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and can be an important source of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA) and other bioactive fatty acids such as vaccenic acid (VA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). However, beef consumption has been declining mainly due to concerns over its saturated fat content. Despite generalizations about beef fat, fatty acid analyses of retail beef suggests that lean beef falls within dietary recommendations for fat intake (total and saturated), can be a rich source of heart healthy
cis
-monounsaturated fatty acids and has a low n6-/n3-PUFA ratio. Since the 1970s, numerous attempts have been made to increase the PUFA content of beef, particularly n-3 PUFA and to further increase the content of VA and CLA. This has been mainly done by feeding cattle PUFA rich sources such as fresh forage (pasture), conserved forage, oil seeds, plant or marine oils or their combinations. The main challenge when trying to enrich beef with PUFA has been their extensive biohydrogenation in the rumen resulting in limited deposition compared with monogastrics (e.g. pigs and chickens). To address this, several techniques to protect PUFA against ruminal biohydrogenation or to reduce the extent of biohydrogenation have been investigated including different methods of feed processing, encapsulation of oil inside a microbial resistant protein matrix (e.g. formaldehyde-treated protein), chemical modification of fatty acids (calcium salts or amides) or protection using plant secondary metabolites and enzymes. The present review examines the fatty acid composition of retail beef in relation to human health and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future improvement in the content of healthful fatty acids in beef, specifically vaccenic, rumenic and omega-3 fatty acids.
Price Dynamics in Biological Production Processes Exposed to Environmental Shocks
Authors: Asche Frank , Oglend Atle , Selland Kleppe Tore 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper demonstrates a mechanism by which environmental shocks in biological production processes can lead to extreme price movements and thus be a contributing factor to short‐term food price volatility. In biological production processes, environmental shocks can lead to a stock‐out when the harvest transitions to a new stock (year class) with a different marginal value. The result in the market is a temporary price spike, or bubble, bounded by the marginal value of the new stock. We highlight this phenomenon in a cohort, or year class, biological production setting. Each year class in the model is a finite “non‐renewable” capital stock, and capital theory is used to solve for the stochastic dynamic competitive equilibrium. The model is parameterized to be representative of the Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry. Results suggest that the model can replicate much of the observed patterns in price, harvest, and capital stock dynamics, including the infrequent occurrence of extremely high prices in the market.
Analysis of evidence in international criminal trials using Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: McDermott Yvonne , Aitken Colin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article demonstrates how different actors in international criminal trials could utilise Bayesian Networks (‘Bayes Nets’), which are graphical models of the probabilistic relationships between hypotheses and pieces of evidence. We argue that Bayes Nets are potentially useful in both the examination of international criminal judgments and the processes of trial preparation and fact-finding before international criminal tribunals. With the use of a practical case study based on a completed case from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), we illustrate how Bayes Nets could be used by international criminal tribunals to strengthen judges' confidence in their findings, to assist lawyers in preparing for trial, and to provide a tool for the assessment of international criminal tribunals' factual findings.
Commentary: Treatment Considerations for Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Vaca Silvia Daniela , Connolly Ian David , Ho Clement , Neal Joel , Hayden Gephart Melanie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Brain metastasis is a serious complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) affecting up to 40% of NSCLC patients. A subset of NSCLC tumors has mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and determination of tumor EGFR mutation status is essential in guiding treatment decisions, as it directly affects the treatment approach. Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC have a higher cumulative incidence of brain metastases, and are especially sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients with newly diagnosed EGFR-mutated lung cancer presenting to a neurosurgeon with a new diagnosis of brain metastases now have a variety of treatment options available, including whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and targeted therapeutics such as the EGFR TKIs. In this review, we discuss the impact of EGFR mutation status on brain and leptomeningeal metastasis treatment considerations. Additionally, we present clinical cases of patients treated with EGFR TKIs alone and in combination with other therapies to highlight treatment alternatives.
Bone Accrual in Children and Adolescent Nonelite Swimmers: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Collins Andy C. , Ward Kenneth D. , McClanahan Barbara S. , Slawson Deborah L. , Vukadinovich Christopher , Mays Kamra E. , Wilson Nancy , Relyea George 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To examine differences in bone mass between children and adolescents swimming competitively at nonelite levels (locally and regionally) and nonathletes and to assess changes in bone mass in these 2 groups over 24 months after taking into consideration several known confounders of bone mass.

Design:
Observational prospective study.

Participants:
White nonelite swimmers (n = 128) and nonathletes (n = 106) 8 to 18 years of age from Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to assess total body and hip bone mineral content (BMC) at baseline and 12 and 24 months later.

Results:
At baseline, swimmers had 4.2% and 6.1% higher adjusted BMC for the total body and hip, respectively, compared with nonathletes (P values < 0.027). Averaging across assessment points, swimmers had 73.5 and 2.2 g higher BMC for the total body and hip, respectively, than nonathletes. Although there was a significant annual increase in total body and hip BMC in both groups (33.5 and 0.7 g, respectively), there was no difference in annualized bone accrual between swimmers and nonathletes for either total body BMC (swim by time effect; P = 0.213) or hip BMC (P = 0.265).

Conclusions:
Competitive swimming at nonelite levels during childhood and adolescence does not seem to compromise bone accrual.
Chordoid Glioma: A Neoplasm Found in the Anterior Part of the Third Ventricle
Authors: Yang Dianxu , Xu Zhiming , Qian Zhongrun , Wang Lili , Nie Quanmin , Ge Jianwei , Qiu Yongming , Wang Guisong 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Chordoid glioma is a rare low-grade tumor that originates almost exclusively in the anterior part of the third ventricle. The diagnosis and treatment of the tumor remain controversial. In this article, the authors present a novel case of chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. The patient was treated with less invasive microsurgery followed by low-dose gamma knife radiosurgery. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in tumor size and necrosis in the central region of the tumor, without significant complications at follow-up 14 months later. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that less invasive microsurgical resection followed by low-dose gamma knife radiosurgery is safe and effective for the treatment of chordoid glioma of the third ventricle.
Relationship Between Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Non–Human Papillomavirus Pap Smear Abnormalities
Authors: Menhaji Kimia , Harvie Heidi S. , Cheston Emily , Levin Pamela J. , Arya Lily A. , Andy Uduak U. 
Published: July 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the association between pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and non–human papillomavirus (HPV) Papanicolaou (Pap) smear abnormalities.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of women aged 40 to 70 years who presented for consultation at our institution between 2010 and 2015 and had results of a Pap smear and HPV test available within 5 years of their visit. We extracted demographic information, medical and social history, Pap smear, and HPV results from the electronic medical record. Associations between the presence of POP and non-HPV Pap smear abnormalities were estimated using univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
We reviewed 1590 charts and excluded 980 women, leaving 610 women in the study: 183 with POP and 427 without POP. Women with POP were significantly older (58.2 ± 7.2 vs 55.6 ± 6.6, P < 0.01) and more likely to have a remote (>10 year) history of abnormal Pap smear (24.0% vs 14.8%, P < 0.01). The rate of non–HPV-associated abnormal Pap smears was higher in the POP group than in the non-POP group (12/183 [6.6%] vs 12/427 [2.8%], P = 0.029). In the POP group, the rate of non-HPV Pap smear abnormality was significantly associated with increasing prolapse stage (stage 1: 0/16 [0%], stage 2: 5/77 [6.5%], stage 3: 3/73 [4.1%], stage 4: 4/17 [23.5%]; P = 0.02). After controlling for age and remote history of abnormal Pap smear, the odds ratio for non-HPV Pap smear abnormalities in the POP group remained significant (2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–5.79).

Conclusions
Human papillomavirus–negative Pap smear abnormalities may be related to POP. Our findings have important implications for surgeons seeking to leave the cervix in situ in women with POP.