bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contested circular economy and mixed social implications from practice: A scoping review
Authors: Liu Kang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract‘Circular economy’ is a popular term used by various parties to refer to the necessary transition towards a sustainable future. Yet, there is still no consensus on its definition or application, the current discourse favours an approach that focuses on the technical improvement of material flows while neglects the social considerations. Consequently, despite circular economy's popularity, various social concerns have also been raised, including justice and equity. To better understand its social implications, this article reviews studies that reveal the social impacts of various practices that claim or are deemed to be circular economy. Using the scoping review method, the article finds that the categories most frequently reflected in these studies include livelihood, health, value, identity and community. However, the claimed impacts are often conditional and contradictory. These results suggest that circular economy still requires substantial theoretical and empirical development to better align it with the principle of sustainable development. Acknowledging the diversity of voices in the current circular economy field can be a starting point for stakeholders in terms of future research, policymaking and practice, while further transdisciplinary collaborations should also be explored.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extracts of Pterospermum Canescens and Vernonia Elaeagnifolia: Characterization, Platelet Aggregation and Cytotoxic Studies
Authors: Sherin C. T. Sadiya , Jayakumar T. , Anitha T. S. , Hsia Chih‐Wie , Sundarapandian SM. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles are extensively used across various industries, particularly in biomedical fields, due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and low toxicity. The rising use of gold nanoparticles in biomedical applications has increased the demand for more sustainable synthesis methods that reduce costs and environmental impacts compared to traditional chemical processes. This study presents a green synthesis approach utilizing leaf extracts from Pterospermum canescens and Vernonia elaeagnifolia. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV‐VIS, XRD, HRTEM‐SAED, FESEM‐EDX, XPS, and FTIR analyses. These characterizations confirmed the formation, size, shape, and morphological features of the nanoparticles, as well as the involvement of secondary plant metabolites in their synthesis. The nanoparticles were found to be less than 50 nm in size, with P.C AuNPs averaging 27.48 nm and V.E AuNPs averaging 14.79 nm. The particles predominantly exhibited spherical or distorted spherical shapes. In cytotoxicity assays using C6 rat glioma cells, both types of nanoparticles demonstrated significant effects. V.E AuNPs induced apoptosis in 78 % of the cells, while P.C AuNPs induced apoptosis in 50 %, confirming their cytotoxic efficacy. Gene expression studies further revealed that V.E AuNPs significantly upregulated caspase‐3 and downregulated BCL‐2, indicating a potent apoptotic response, while P.C AuNPs showed a similar but less pronounced effect. Additionally, in collagen‐induced platelet aggregation studies, V.E AuNPs exhibited substantial anti‐platelet activity with increasing dosages, reducing platelet aggregation to less than 10 % at a concentration of 30 μg/ml, compared to minimal inhibition by P.C AuNPs. Overall, the study demonstrates that gold nanoparticles synthesized from Vernonia elaeagnifolia and Pterospermum canescens are effective and offer promising applications in biomedicine. The results confirm the potential of these green‐synthesized nanoparticles for use in cancer treatment and sustainable anti‐platelet drug development
Ethylenediammonium Dihalide Assisted Direct Synthesis of Highly Luminescent and Stable CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Gautam Rajesh Kumar , Paul Sumanta , Samanta Anunay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractColloidal cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) hold promises in photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. However, their poor long‐term stability results in degradation of optical properties under ambient conditions. Various methods have been explored to address these issues. In this study, we demonstrate that following 3‐precursor hot‐injection method employing ethylenediammonium dihalide (EDAX2) as an additional ligand/halide source one can obtain phase‐pure, monodispersed, stable, and highly luminescent CsPbX3 NCs. Our violet‐emitting CsPbCl3, blue‐emitting CsPbClBr2, Green‐emitting CsPbBr3, yellow‐emitting CsPbBr2I, and red‐emitting CsPbI3 NCs show PLQYs of 53%, 97%, 96%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Moreover, the CsPbI3 NCs, which are known for their phase instability, exhibit stability for up to two months under ambient conditions. The enhanced stability and photoluminescence are attributed to strong binding of the bidentate ligand (EDA2+) to the surface of the NCs and effective removal of the halide‐deficiency trap states by X−.
An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Chenodeoxycholic Acid from its Allo‐Epimer through Stereoselective Hydrogenation of 3‐Oxo‐chol‐Δ1,4‐dien‐24‐oate Scaffold
Authors: Liu Chao‐Lin , Zhang Zhe , Huang Huan , Zhang Da‐Jun , Li Jing , Dong Chang‐Zhi , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCommercially valuable chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was firstly developed from undesirable allo‐CDCA via multiple reactions: esterification, selective oxidation of C3‐hydroxy, the introduction of 1,4‐dien through IBX and TFA, the stereoselective hydrogenation by Pd/C under basic solution, deprotection, enzymatic reduction of C3‐carbonyl. During the process, highly selective oxidants were found to oxidize the C3‐hydroxy generating allo‐3‐keto bile acid which was used as substrates to investigate the dehydrogenation under IBX, and the possible hydrogenation mechanism under Pd/C had been proposed based on the crystal data.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6‐Amino‐3‐phenyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Management
Authors: Khan Shabnam , Suhagia Bhanubhai N. , Prajapati Navnit , Teli Divya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread and complex hormonal disorder occurs in women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and ovarian dysfunction. Current approaches to treating PCOS often address specific symptoms, highlighting the demand for innovative therapeutic agents that can tackle its multifaceted nature. The present study endeavors to investigate the potential of new chromen‐2‐one derivatives in the management of PCOS. A total of 30 derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on 5‐α reductase and antioxidant activities. Based on the promising in vitro activity and acute toxicity profile of 4‐methoxy‐N‐(3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐6‐yl) benzamide (29), it was selected for subsequent in vivo investigation in experimental animal models of PCOS. The study also includes molecular interaction analysis through docking and dynamic studies of compound (29).
Modern Synthetic Strategy for Adamantyl Organometallic Reagents and Functionalization of Adamantyl Frameworks
Authors: Dhayalan Vasudevan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis short review article demonstrates recent techniques for the typical conversion of adamantyl C(sp3)−Br bond to various C−C, C−N, and C−X bonds enabled by multiple conditions and reagents with the use of organometallic reagents. This work mainly focuses on developing a mild and convenient system for the selective preparation of substituted adamantyl zinc and magnesium reagents (Ad‐MX) bearing different functional groups on the adamantyl framework. The adamantane scaffolds were selectively functionalized using a various of catalytic methods, most likely organometallic‐Zn, Mg reagent‐mediated Negishi cross‐coupling reactions, acylation, arylation, thiolation, 1,2/1,4‐addition, alkynylation, amination, halogenation, and allylation, etc. Over the years adamantyl derivatives have been broadly studied in various medicinal applications, drug development, supramolecular chemistry, material science, and nanotechnologies, etc.
Investigation of Changes in Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Heat‐Treated Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) Tubers
Authors: Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , AlJuhaimi Fahad , Musa Özcan Mehmet , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of microwave and oven systems on bioactive properties (total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity), fatty acids, polyphenols, and mineral contents of raw and roasted “Sarışeker” and “Balyumru” tubers are investigated. Antioxidant activity values of “Sarışeker” tigernut tubers roasted in microwave and oven systems are defined to be between 1.56 (540 W) and 2.57 mmolTE kg−1 (720 W) to 1.57 (80 and 120 °C) and 1.68 mmolTE kg−1 (100 °C), respectively. Gallic acid results of the “Sarışeker” and “Balyumru” tigernut tubers roasted in microwave are specified to be between 5.49 (720 W) and 6.59 mg/100 g (540 W) to 15.83 (900 W) and 21.47 mg/100 g (720 W), respectively. In general, the phenolic component values of the “Sarışeker” tigernut tubers roasted at different temperatures are higher than the “Sarışeker” tigernut samples roasted in the microwave. The oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid values of the oils obtained from “Sarışeker” tubers roasted in both roasting systems increase compared to the control. The heat treatment has different effects on the contents of different elements of the tigernut tubers. It has been observed that there are significant fluctuations in the amounts of minerals in the structure of foods as a result of the heat treatment applied.
Assessment of surface irrigation potential and crop water demand in Daramalo Wereda, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Derebe Melkamu Ateka , Asres Ligalem Agegn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAssessing available water and land resources as well as their potential for surface irrigation use is vital for sustainable agricultural development and planning. Agricultural irrigation also plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and reducing poverty in Ethiopia. However, it is dominated by rain‐fed agriculture, with rainfall distribution and intensity vary spatially and temporally. Enhancing agricultural water management and irrigation has the potential to increase agricultural productivity. The objective of the study was to evaluate surface water potential and the irrigation water demand of Zage River sub‐watershed, which were estimated using hydrological model of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and CROPWAT8.0 software, respectively. Slope, soil type, drainage densities, land use/cover, and river proximity were the factors utilized to determine irrigation land suitability. A weighted overlay was completed, with 17.32% of irrigable lands found to be highly suitable, 41.29% moderately suitable, 37.61% marginally suitable, and 3.78% not suitable. The SWAT model result gave very good model performance indicator values of NE = 0.773 and R2 = 0.872 for calibration and NE = 0.771 & R2 = 0.945 for validation. The SWAT model result showed a total of 33.248 million m3 of surface runoff generated annually. Compared with irrigation water demand of 21.068 million m3, this suggests the watershed has high surface water potential for surface irrigation for selected crop types of the watershed. The findings of this research are relevant to improving local water management policies and practices and enable stakeholders to make decisions that enhance agricultural productivity and sustainable agricultural practices and help ensure the food security of local farmers.
Hierarchical Multi‐Component Self‐Assembly Involving Alkali and Lanthanide(III) Metal Ions and Water Soluble Sulfonated Calix[4]arene
Authors: Ling Irene , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid state structural studies of three supramolecular coordination complexes establish the formation of hetero‐bimetallic two‐ and three‐dimensional ensembles involving sulfonated calix[4]arene, and sodium ions and low nuclearity lanthanide(III) ions. The interplay of components is altered in response to the addition of different auxiliary molecules during crystallisation which is associated with significant changes in the metal coordination environments and overall molecular packing, as established in comparing the structures of complexes of similar cell dimensions with those available in the literature. The sulfonated calixarene form a common self‐assembly array despite different lanthanides being incorporated, as an isostructural series of complexes. Crystallographic analysis shows a continually decreasing trend in the lanthanide–oxygen bond length as the lanthanide atomic number increases. As smaller molecules are incorporated to the hetero‐bimetallic calixarene system, the self‐assembly and the metal coordination environment are perturbed.
Roots of Architecture: Ways of Research
Authors: Vigliocco Elena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCan Architecture be produced without an architect? Yes. It has always been like this. The historic centers of our cities are the result of designs whose authors are often unknown, not because they are not essential but because they are unnecessary [1]. The interest of architects, but not only in authorship, dates back to the nineteenth century, a period of excellent building ferment in which incredible urban transformations sanctioned the idea of the house as a consumer good [2].
Practicing Care Through Architecture: Participatory Research as a Tool to Subvert Power Structures
Authors: Bertolino Nadia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper raises questions about the extent to which architectural research can function as a tool for challenging power dynamics and facilitating a critique of capitalism. This aligns with the assertion by Meiksins Wood that such a critique of capitalism “requires a constantly renewed critique of the analytic instruments designed to understand it” [1]. In the final chapter of “Critique of Architecture,” Spencer, in an interview with Kosec, asserts that architecture serves as the central and foundational arena for education, surveillance, and discipline [2]. Within this context, the paper seeks to explore this question by offering a critical examination of the recent participatory research project “Architectures of Care”. This project involved the mapping of social and environmental care practices within three self-organized communities in Italy, Turkey, and the UK. The paper will particularly focus on the challenges associated with conducting research through participatory methods, wherein participants become co-researchers. Additionally, it will address the controversial role of the “neutral researcher” within this framework. The “Architectures of Care” project provides valuable insights that contribute to the discussion of whether architecture can foster caring environments. Furthermore, it prompts reflection on the significance of involving self-organized communities in our research agenda. These communities are perceived as non-commodified agents that have the potential to challenge prevailing power structures, establish networks of care, and facilitate radical forms of social emancipation [3].
Level II Training and Development of Scientific and Didactic Content. The Case of Executive Master: Mountain-Able. Planning and Design for the Sustainable Development of Mountain
Authors: Corradi Emilia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a fast-changing society, training architects to be one step ahead of the challenges that policies and regulations impose on architectural design has become increasingly necessary. Schools of architecture began to address the training of architects of the future to face new challenges. However, the scenario appears more complex for all those architects already working in the professional field and requires training in specific topics. This situation requires the development of progressively more specialized courses, especially for postgraduates. In addition to knowledge, adequate skills must be acquired to face the challenges posed by the EU Green Deal and the new European Bauhaus. The key is to create a higher level of training system that frames specific issues and themes, with a learning curve that always keeps the role of architecture at its centre as the process and outcome of the transformation of places and as a tool for serving residents and the community. The essay intends to illustrate the specific experience of the Mountain-Able: Planning and Design for the Sustainable Development of Mountain Executive Master project, activated by the Polytechnic of Milan's Department of Architecture and Urban Studies. The themes and issues addressed by the suggested specialist training course will necessarily combine themes of scale, multidisciplinarity, fragility, and community, which require the development of a very specific training platform to ensure students engage in hands-on specialist learning open to embracing contributions from other disciplines.
The Glass House Revisited
Authors: Kousidi Stamatina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper draws upon a pedagogical project that addressed the design of spaces for cohabitation, of new alliances between buildings and the natural environment, in the context of the contemporary city. First, it explores how the fantasy of the large-span, glazed, vegetated environment has shaped visionary projects, marking a shift of attention from the physical to the physiological and from the tangible to the intangible qualities of space which resonates with contemporary concerns on design for sustainability. Following the evolution of the glass house from a place of nature preservation to a vehicle of experimentation into new ways of inhabiting the city, it then examines the contemporary relevance of such a building type and how it has fostered new architectural narratives on the co-existence of people, buildings and plants. Second, the paper presents the methodology practiced in a postgraduate design studio at the AUIC School/Politecnico di Milano which aimed to raise awareness among students about the relational dimension of architecture and the reciprocal exchange between design and research. It discusses how, by revisiting the glass house figure, the studio output set out to generate new conceptual, aesthetic and design definitions of the architecture of the in-between, of spaces of transition between the natural and the manmade, inside and outside.
Participation of Stakeholders in Open Architectural and Urban Planning Competitions. Procedure Model and Application in Croatian Context
Authors: Lisac Rene , Careva Kristina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe participation of society in public spaces issues, though advocated for decades, experiences an increase in recent years. Citizen participation in Croatian spatial planning appears to be mostly declarative and formally takes place in the final stages of planning. On the contrary, the full benefits of integrative planning would be if participation of all sectors (civil, academic, economy and management structures) is continuous, especially important in the initial planning phase - forming the basic intentions.The selection of the best spatial solution by architectural and urban planning competitions has a long and fruitful tradition in European societies. It represents a good yet hermetic method in searching for the most appropriate, most innovative and overall best solution whose authors remain anonymous till the very end of the selection.The question is how to combine these two widely accepted and proven procedures into one, to acquire the best creative solution and raise awareness and involvement of the community?The article will present recent case studies of participation in open competitions in Poland, Germany, Norway, and Croatia. The contribution of this paper is the effort to present systematically the ways of participation and how they are linked to individual groups of stakeholders within the competition procedure. Through the comparative analysis, highlighting benefits and challenges, the combined procedure model is proposed and applied in the Croatian context.
Studio Life: Mechanisms of Competition and Collaboration in Architectural Labour Processes
Authors: de Lima Amaral Camilo Vladimir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to explore creative labour production and reproduction processes in architectural design studios in Brazil, UK, Belgium and Italy. In contrast to free autonomy narratives, participant observation has evidenced three conflicting mechanisms in creative labour processes, namely: subjectification, distinction and hierarchical expropriation. This issue is pivotal in a transition period-of-time when architecture confronts the myths of geniuses and focuses on knowledge exchange paradigms. Architecture was not herein approached as substance nor as form (an immutable essence and ideal), rather, it was explored as processes engaged with discipline and dialectics. Discipline was investigated based on the Grounded Theory used to code conflicts and recurrences by focusing on how it reinforces subjectivities and practices. In addition, Action Research was used to explore architecture’s social dialectics by focusing on collaborative methodologies and on how architecture (re)produces ways of seeing by revealing (visualizing hidden properties), imagining (conceiving future scenarios) and refunding (articulating virtual seeds for shared social realities). Results have indicated proposals to result from collaborative work, subjectivities to be enclosed in hegemonic narratives, fantasies to hide the actual collective process of production, and allegedly individual creations to be forms of fetish. This finding suggests a paradigm transition still in course, with overlapping conflicts between invention and labour, competition and collaboration, distinction and collective dialogue, as well as seductive narratives and negotiated practices.
Morphological variations of fissures, lobes, and hilar pattern of the lung in a select South African sample
Authors: Seleka Refilwe , Petersen Megan , Mpolokeng Kentse Sana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The lungs are essential respiratory organs divided into lobes by the horizontal and oblique fissures. The hilum, located on the mediastinal surface of each lung, is where the bronchus, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary arteries enter and exit. This study aims to investigate and record the variations in the morphology of lung fissures, lobes, and hilar patterns observed in a South African sample.

Methods and Materials
This cross-sectional observational study employed descriptive analysis. A total of 48 formalin-fixed bodies, comprising 24 females and 24 males from the Department of Human Biology at the University of Cape Town were studied were examined. Fissures were classified according to the Craig and Walker criteria.

Results and Discussion
Incomplete oblique fissures were found in 25 right lungs and 30 left lungs. Incomplete horizontal fissures were observed in 39 right lungs, and one right lung exhibited the absence of both horizontal and oblique fissures. Accessory fissures were present in five right and seven left lungs. Variations in the hilar pattern were noted, including differences in the number and arrangement of structures in both right and left lungs.

Conclusion
Variations were observed in the lobes, fissures and the hilar patterns of several lungs. Awareness of these morphological variations is crucial for surgeons and radiologist to avoid misdiagnosis and complications during surgical procedures.