bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope and DNA analyses reveal the spatial distribution of crop‐foraging brown bears
Authors: Hata A. , Takada M. B. , Nakashita R. , Fukasawa K. , Oshida T. , Ishibashi Y. , Sato Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigated maize (Zea mays) consumption by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in a subpopulation of eastern Hokkaido, Japan, using carbon stable isotope analysis of hair samples to better understand the pattern and scale of movement of the bears’ crop‐foraging behavior. We identified a total of 30 individuals (19 males and 11 females) using DNA analysis of the hair samples. Stable isotope analysis suggested that female bears that were more likely to consume maize lived closer to agricultural crop fields. Our statistical model also estimated that the relative maize consumption of female bears decreased rapidly as the distance to crop fields increased to 3–4 km, similar to the radius of the annual home range of female bears. In contrast, male bears that were more likely to consume maize lived both in forested areas and near crop fields. Even if male bears live in a forested area except during the maize harvest period, they appeared to be at risk of being killed by lethal control because they can move from forested areas to crop fields during the maize harvest period. Collecting hair samples of many bears in the population over several years may allow the effect of lethal control on population viability to be estimated non‐invasively.
Disciplinary literacy and multimodal text design in physical education
Authors: Chandler‐Olcott Kelly 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article argues that scholarship on literacy in and across the disciplines has disproportionately focused on the core subjects of English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies rather than on “specialist” subjects such as Physical Education. This disparity in emphasis has provided little guidance to specialist teachers seeking to understand and address the literacy demands of subject areas that often privilege an expanded conception of literacy. To illustrate the affordances of such analysis for PE teachers as well as their literacy colleagues, the reading demands of a particular multimodal text from PE—a three‐part basketball play—are presented in light of key themes from the US Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts and Literacy. Complexities related to collective, embodied, and sequential meaning construction are explored. Recommendations for instruction and professional collaboration are shared.
Children's and parents' opinions on the sport‐related food environment: a systematic review
Authors: Smith M. , Signal L. , Edwards R. , Hoek J. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySport is a key setting for interventions to address child obesity given its obesogenic nature. Understanding children's and parents' opinions on the sport‐related food environment is critical in developing effective programmes and policies to improve children's health. This systematic review synthesizes quantitative and qualitative research examining children's and parents' opinions on the sport‐related food environment. During July 2016, a range of electronic databases of academic and grey literature were searched. Thirty‐two publications (11 including children, 17 parents and 4 both) were included for review. The publications were assessed using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity framework to categorize the sport‐related food environment into the physical, sociocultural, economic and political environments. The literature available investigating children's and parents' opinions of the sport‐related food environment suggests that many children and parents consider the environment neither conducive to nor supportive of children's healthy food behaviours or wider health and well‐being. Both groups would likely support actions to change and improve it. This systematic review found that original research specifically investigating children's and parents' perspectives on almost all aspects of the sport‐related food environment is limited. Thus, there is scope for further investigation into this important part of children's food environments.
Pathogen‐inducible Ta‐Lr34res expression in heterologous barley confers disease resistance without negative pleiotropic effects
Authors: Boni Rainer , Chauhan Harsh , Hensel Goetz , Roulin Anne , Sucher Justine , Kumlehn Jochen , Brunner Susanne , Krattinger Simon G. , Keller Beat 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPlant diseases are a serious threat to crop production. The informed use of naturally occurring disease resistance in plant breeding can greatly contribute to sustainably reduce yield losses caused by plant pathogens. The Ta‐Lr34res gene encodes an ABC transporter protein and confers partial, durable, and broad spectrum resistance against several fungal pathogens in wheat. Transgenic barley lines expressing Ta‐Lr34res showed enhanced resistance against powdery mildew and leaf rust of barley. While Ta‐Lr34res is only active at adult stage in wheat, Ta‐Lr34res was found to be highly expressed already at the seedling stage in transgenic barley resulting in severe negative effects on growth. Here, we expressed Ta‐Lr34res under the control of the pathogen‐inducible Hv‐Ger4c promoter in barley. Sixteen independent barley transformants showed strong resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew. Infection assays and growth parameter measurements were performed under standard glasshouse and near‐field conditions using a convertible glasshouse. Two Hv‐Ger4c::Ta‐Lr34res transgenic events were analysed in detail. Plants of one transformation event had similar grain production compared to wild‐type under glasshouse and near‐field conditions. Our results showed that negative effects caused by constitutive high expression of Ta‐Lr34res driven by the endogenous wheat promoter in barley can be eliminated by inducible expression without compromising disease resistance. These data demonstrate that Ta‐Lr34res is agronomically useful in barley. We conclude that the generation of a large number of transformants in different barley cultivars followed by early field testing will allow identifying barley lines suitable for breeding.
Reproductive biology of Ferocactus recurvus (Mill.) Borg subsp. recurvus (Cactaceae) in the Tehuacán‐Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico
Authors: Córdova‐Acosta E. , Zavala‐Hurtado J. A. , Golubov J. , Casas A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Mexico has one of the highest diversities of barrel cacti species worldwide; however, all are threatened and require conservation policies. Information on their reproductive biology is crucial, but few studies are available. Ferocactus recurvus subsp. recurvus is a barrel cactus endemic to the Tehuacán‐Cuicatlán Valley. Our research aimed to characterise its floral and pollination biology. We hypothesised bee pollination, as suggested by its floral morphology and behaviour, and self‐incompatibility, like most barrel cacti studied.

Three study sites were selected in the semiarid Zapotitlán Valley, Mexico. We examined 190 flowers from 180 plants to determine: morphometry and behaviour of flowers, flower visitors and probable pollinators, and breeding system.

Flowers showed diurnal anthesis, lasting 2–5 days, the stigma being receptive on day 2 or 3 after the start of anthesis. Flowers produced scarce/no nectar and main visitors were bees (Apidae), followed by flies (Muscidae), ants (Formicidae), thrips (Thripidae) and hummingbirds (Throchilidae); however, only native bees and occasionally wasps contacted the stigma and anthers. Pollination experiments revealed that this species is self‐incompatible and xenogamous. In natural conditions, fruit set was 60% and cross‐pollination fruit set was 100%. Percentage seed germination resulting from cross‐pollination was higher than in the control treatment.

Our results provide ecological information for conservation programmes to ensure a high probability of breeding and seed production in natural populations of F. recurvus.
Radiographic assessment of pulmonary fluid clearance and lung aeration in newborn calves delivered by elective Caesarean section
Authors: Abdelmegeid MK , Kutasi O , Nassiff MN , Wirth K , Bodai E , Farrag F , Molnár L , Szenci O 
Published: May 2017

Contents
The aim of this study was to develop a radiographic standard for the assessment of pulmonary fluid clearance and lung aeration in newborn calves. Caesarean‐delivered mature calves (n = 9) underwent lung assessment by thoracic radiography as well as arterial and venous blood gas analysis within the first 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hr after birth. The results indicated that newborn calves delivered by elective Caesarean section suffered from a physiological combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis with the dominance of respiratory acidosis, and an improvement in these conditions was recorded within 24 hr after birth. Concerning the radiographic results, clear lung fields, improvement in lung expansion, air content of the lung and absence of lung opacification occurred within 24 hr of birth. Furthermore, the ventral lung quadrant showed an improvement in radiographic opacification and lung expansion earlier than the dorsal lung regions. The findings of this study support the potential role of thoracic radiography in the assessment of pulmonary fluid clearance and lung aeration in newborn calves.
Urban and rural river restoration in France: a typology
Authors: Zingraff‐Hamed Aude , Greulich Sabine , Pauleit Stephan , Wantzen Karl M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRiver restoration (RR) is widely practiced in both rural and urban contexts by combining various goals and measures. The theoretical discourse on RR not yet adequately reflects this breadth of restoration practice. In this study, we investigated 110 French RR projects implemented between 1980 and 2015. We analyzed projects considering eight key design features, main project motivation, restoration goals, project dates, costs, size, funding, river annual discharge, and implemented evaluation procedures. The study (1) provides a detailed account of the French RR effort, (2) compares restoration efforts in urban and rural contexts, and (3) establishes a RR project typology. The results also show that urban RR comprises a wider range of goals and measures than its rural counterpart, includes restoration of riparian habitats, and integrates ecological and social goals. A hierarchical multiple factor analysis yielded five types of projects, Fish RR (14% of the urban and 53% of the rural projects), Blue RR (4%, 7%), Water Framework Directive RR (36%, 40%), Flood protection RR (14%, 0%), and Human RR (32%, 0%). We suggest that the restoration community needs databases that use a project typology as developed in this study. This approach would take into account the multiple facets of RR projects, enabling more transparency into their communication and allow more suitable project comparisons.
Anti‐FcγRIIB (CD32) Antibodies Differentially Modulate Murine FVIII‐Specific Recall Response in vitro
Authors: Vollack N. , Friese J. , Bergmann S. , Cragg M. S. , Tiede A. , Werwitzke S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFc gamma receptors (FcγRs) for IgG regulate adaptive immune responses by modulating activating and inhibitory signalling pathways within immune cells. Data from a haemophilia A mouse model demonstrate that genetic deletion or blockade of the inhibitory FcγR (CD32) suppresses the formation of antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. Mechanisms preventing the FVIII‐specific recall response, however, remain unclear. Here, the potential role of CD32 inhibition was studied by differentially modulating receptor activity with selected anti‐CD32 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Splenocytes from immunized FVIII‐/‐ mice were restimulated with FVIII in the absence or presence of different anti‐CD32 mAbs over 6 days. At day 6, cytokine release was quantified from cell culture supernatant and the formation of FVIII‐specific ASCs assessed. Binding of FVIII‐containing immune complexes (F8‐ICs) to bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMdDCs) was also investigated. The antagonistic CD32 mAb AT128 suppressed the formation of FVIII‐specific ASCs and reduced secretion of IFN‐γ and IL‐10. In contrast, the agonistic mAbs AT130‐2 and AT130‐5, and their F(ab’)2 fragments, allowed the formation of FVIII‐specific ASCs, even though the full IgG of AT130‐2 reduced binding of F8‐ICs to CD32. Data suggest that an inhibitory signal is transmitted when F8‐ICs bind to CD32 and that this signal is required during memory B cell (MBC) activation to support formation of FVIII‐specific ASCs. If the inhibitory signal is lacking due to CD32 deletion or blockade with antagonistic anti‐CD32 mAbs, FVIII‐specific T cell stimulation and ASC formation are suppressed, whereas agonistic stimulation of CD32 restores T cell stimulation and ASC formation.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections after myeloablative and non‐myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A single‐center cohort study
Authors: Gjærde Lars I. , Moser Claus , Sengeløv Henrik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) often develop bloodstream infections (BSI). We aimed to describe the etiologies and antibiotic resistance patterns of BSI after allo‐HSCT, and, as knowledge about the impact of conditioning regimen is limited, we looked at the incidence, timing, risk factors, and mortality of BSI separately for myeloablative (MA)‐ and non‐myeloablative (NMA)‐conditioned patients.MethodsAll 460 patients (207 MA‐ and 253 NMA‐conditioned) who underwent their first allo‐HSCT at our center from 2008 to 2013 were included in a historical cohort. BSI were registered from initiation of conditioning to day 360 after transplantation.ResultsBSI occurred in 34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28%, 41%) of MA‐conditioned patients and in 17% (95% CI: 12%, 22%) of NMA‐conditioned patients. Of all isolates, 68% were gram‐positive bacteria (GPB), 23% gram‐negative bacteria (GNB), and 9% fungi. The GPB/GNB ratio declined from 2008 to 2014 (P for trend <.01). Of all GNB, 47% were multidrug resistant (MDR), but the proportion declined over the study period. In a multivariate Cox regression model, only acute graft‐versus‐host disease was associated with a higher hazard of first BSI (hazard ratio 2.50, 95% CI: 1.48, 4.21). Overall 30‐day survival after a BSI was higher for MA‐conditioned patients than for NMA‐conditioned patients (89% vs 74%, P=.04).ConclusionMA‐conditioned patients experience BSI more often than NMA‐conditioned patients in the year after allo‐HSCT. While BSI are increasingly caused by GNB, the rate of MDR GNB is declining.
Reversible and cachexia‐associated feline skin fragility syndrome in three cats
Authors: Furiani Nicla , Porcellato Ilaria , Brachelente Chiara 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundFeline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS) is an acquired disorder characterized by altered collagen production resulting in an extremely thin and fragile skin. FSFS is associated with diseases characterized by excessive steroidal hormones that can inhibit collagen synthesis. It is also described concomitantly with severe inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic conditions where the pathogenesis remains largely unknown.ObjectivesTo describe three cases of FSFS in cats that become cachectic secondary to different causes without glucocorticoid involvement. To describe the histopathological features of connective tissue for both fragile skin and the skin after healing.ResultsAll cats developed cachexia in less than two months (body condition score ranging from 1–1.5). Concomitant diseases were diagnosed in Case 1 (aspiration pneumonia due to mega‐oesophagus) and Case 2 (feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)). In Case 3, malnutrition was suspected as a primary cause. The main histological feature of fragile skin was an atrophic dermis with pale eosinophilic, thin and irregular collagen fibres with numerous red cores observed with Masson's stain. Elastic fibres were normal. Postrecovery histopathological findings at 11 (Case 1) and six months (Case 3) after diagnosis, indicated normalization of the collagen and of the whole skin as compared with controls.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing a reversible, nonsteroid‐induced FSFS, associated with rapidly developing cachexia in cats.
Efficacy of Rhesus Theta-Defensin-1 in Experimental Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection and Inflammation
Authors: Bensman Timothy J. , Jayne Jordanna G. , Sun Meiling , Kimura Elza , Meinert Joshua , Wang Joshua C. , Schaal Justin B. , Tran Dat , Rao Adupa P. , Akbari Omid , Selsted Michael E. , Beringer Paul M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Chronic airway infection and inflammation contribute to the progressive loss of lung function and shortened survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Rhesus theta defensin-1 (RTD-1) is a macrocyclic host defense peptide with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Combined with favorable preclinical safety and peptide stability data, RTD-1 warrants investigation to determine its therapeutic potential for treatment of CF lung disease. We sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of RTD-1 for CF airway infection and inflammation using
in vitro
,
ex vivo
, and
in vivo
models. We evaluated RTD-1's effects on basal and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-
induced inflammation in CF sputum leukocytes and CF bronchial epithelial cells. Peptide stability was evaluated by incubation with CF sputum. Airway pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance studies were performed in naive mice. Aerosolized RTD-1 treatment effects were assessed by analyzing lung bacterial burdens and airway inflammation using an established model of chronic
P. aeruginosa
endobronchial infection in CF (ΔF508) mice. RTD-1 directly reduces metalloprotease activity, as well as inflammatory cytokine secretion from CF airway leukocyte and bronchial epithelial cells. Intrapulmonary safety, tolerability, and stability data support the aerosol administration route. RTD-1 reduced the bacterial lung burden, airway neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines in CF mice with chronic
P. aeruginosa
lung infection. Collectively, these studies support further development of RTD-1 for treatment of CF airway disease.
An Effective Antiviral Approach Targeting Hepatitis B Virus with NJK14047, a Novel and Selective Biphenyl Amide p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Kim So-Young , Kim Hong , Kim Sang-Won , Lee Na-Rae , Yi Chae-Min , Heo Jinyuk , Kim Bum-Joon , Kim Nam-Jung , Inn Kyung-Soo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis B remains a major global health burden. Recent studies have shown that targeting host factors instead of viral factors can be an effective antiviral strategy with low risk of the development of resistance. Efforts to identify host factors affecting viral replication have identified p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a possible target for antiviral strategies against various viruses, including HBV. Here, a series of biphenyl amides were synthesized as novel p38 MAPK selective inhibitors and assessed for their anti-HBV activities. The suppression of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) production by these compounds was positively correlated with p38 MAPK-inhibitory activity. The selected compound NJK14047 displayed significant anti-HBV activity, as determined by HBsAg production, HBeAg secretion, and HBV production. NJK14047 efficiently suppressed the secretion of HBV antigens and HBV particles from HBV genome-transfected cells and HBV-infected sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide-expressing human hepatoma cells. Furthermore, NJK14047 treatment resulted in a significant decrease of pregenomic RNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of HBV in HBV-harboring cells, indicating its ability to inhibit HBV replication. Considering that suppression of HBsAg secretion and elimination of cccDNA of HBV are the major aims of anti-HBV therapeutic strategies, the results suggested the potential use of these compounds as a novel class of anti-HBV agents targeting host factors critical for viral infection.
Unusual Escherichia coli PBP 3 Insertion Sequence Identified from a Collection of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Tested
In Vitro
with a Combination of Ceftazidime-, Ceftaroline-, or Aztreonam-Avibactam
Authors: Zhang Yunliang , Kashikar Ankita , Brown C. Adam , Denys Gerald , Bush Karen 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates (
n
= 110) from health care centers in central Indiana (from 2010 to 2013) were tested for susceptibility to combinations of avibactam (4 μg/ml) with ceftazidime, ceftaroline, or aztreonam. MIC
50
/MIC
90
values were 1/2 μg/ml (ceftazidime-avibactam), 0.5/2 μg/ml (ceftaroline-avibactam), and 0.25/0.5 μg/ml (aztreonam-avibactam.) A β-lactam MIC of 8 μg/ml was reported for the three combinations against one
Escherichia coli
isolate with an unusual TIPY insertion following Tyr344 in penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP 3) as the result of gene duplication.
Mortality Associated with Bacteremia Due to Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with High-Level Meropenem Resistance: Importance of Combination Therapy without Colistin and Carbapenems
Authors: Machuca Isabel , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Belén , Gracia-Ahufinger Irene , Rivera Espinar Francisco , Cano Ángela , Guzmán-Puche Julia , Pérez-Nadales Elena , Natera Clara , Rodríguez Marina , León Rafael , Castón Juan J. , Rodríguez-López Fernando , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Torre-Cisneros Julián 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Combination therapy including colistin and a carbapenem has been found to be associated with lower mortality in the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to KPC-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
when the isolates show a meropenem or imipenem MIC of <16 mg/liter. However, the optimal treatment of BSI caused by colistin- and high-level carbapenem-resistant KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
is unknown. A prospective cohort study including episodes of bacteremia caused by colistin-resistant and high-level meropenem-resistant (MIC ≥ 64 mg/liter) KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
diagnosed from July 2012 to February 2016 was performed. The impact of combination therapy on crude 30-day mortality was analyzed by Cox regression using a propensity score as a covariate to control for indication bias and in an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) cohort. The study sample comprised 104 patients, of which 32 (30.8%) received targeted monotherapy and 72 (69.2%) received targeted combination therapy; none of them received either colistin or a carbapenem. The 30-day crude mortality rate was 30.8% (43.8% in patients treated with monotherapy and 25% in patients receiving combination therapy). In the Cox regression analysis, 30-day mortality was independently associated with septic shock at BSI onset (hazard ratio [HR], 6.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 21.9;
P
= 0.006) and admission to the critical care unit (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 0.99 to 8.27;
P
= 0.05). Targeted combination therapy was associated with lower mortality only in patients with septic shock (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.67;
P
= 0.01). These results were confirmed in the Cox regression analysis of the IPTW cohort. Combination therapy is associated with reduced mortality in patients with bacteremia due to colistin-resistant KPC-producing
K. pneumoniae
with high-level carbapenem resistance in patients with septic shock.