bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green sample preparation of complex matrices: towards sustainable separations of organic compounds based on the biorefinery concept
Authors: Zuin Vânia G. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development and application of green analytical techniques aiming at the sample preparation of complex matrices for the study of organic compounds have been growing considerably over the last 15 years. Miniaturisation, automation and solventless techniques are gaining importance in this field, associated to others, as is the case of metrics. However, the unreflected use of the so-called green analytical techniques “might lead to doing the same things better, rather than rethinking solutions altogether”. Some limits and potentialities of the green sample preparation towards sustainable separations of organic compounds using the biorefinery concept will be also discussed in this paper, a promising biobased route that can integrate sustainable extraction and purification processes in a whole complete circular unity.
Hezi’s Autobiographical Inscription: Philological Study and Interpretation
Authors: Stauder-Porchet Julie 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
Although concise, Hezi’s autobiographical inscription (temp. Teti) displays a number of unusual formulations and a tightly wrought poetic structure. Based on a discussion of various difficult passages, a new translation of the inscription is proposed (part 1). Against the general background of innovative formulation of Teti’s reign, unusual formulations are described as consisting in variations on common formulations, unparalleled phraseology, and grammatical constructions that are not otherwise documented (part 2). The tripartite structure of the text, mirrored in its layout, is examined in relation to the elements of additive and symmetrical patterning that make up the poetic structure of the composition (part 3). Pulling these lines of investigation together, it is finally shown how unusual formulations and poetic structure support one another in foregrounding the semantics of the text (part 4). Rather than narrative and referential, the text is argued to be a form of expository discourse that expresses, or even performatively establishes, aspects of the relation of the speaker with the king.
Illocution and Speaker Intent in Coptic: the Case of the ‘Autofocal’ Second Tenses
Authors: Uljas Sami 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
It is suggested that the so-called ‘autofocal’ second tenses attested in Coptic are characterised by uniform illocutionary properties. In most and perhaps all cases these constructions seem to appear when speakers view the propositional content of what is said as unacceptable, invalid, or, less often, defective in terms of its information value. It is shown that cross-linguistic parallels to these uses are readily forthcoming from other languages, where propositions of similar sort are regularly coded with subjunctive and corresponding forms.
On the Identifiability of Transmission Dynamic Models for Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lintusaari Jarno , Gutmann Michael U , Kaski Samuel , Corander Jukka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Understanding the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is important for both biological research and public health applications. It has been widely demonstrated that statistical modeling provides a firm basis for inferring relevant epidemiological quantities from incidence and molecular data. However, the complexity of transmission dynamic models presents two challenges: (1) the likelihood function of the models is generally not computable, and computationally intensive simulation-based inference methods need to be employed, and (2) the model may not be fully identifiable from the available data. While the first difficulty can be tackled by computational and algorithmic advances, the second obstacle is more fundamental. Identifiability issues may lead to inferences that are driven more by prior assumptions than by the data themselves. We consider a popular and relatively simple yet analytically intractable model for the spread of tuberculosis based on classical IS6110 fingerprinting data. We report on the identifiability of the model, also presenting some methodological advances regarding the inference. Using likelihood approximations, we show that the reproductive value cannot be identified from the data available and that the posterior distributions obtained in previous work have likely been substantially dominated by the assumed prior distribution. Further, we show that the inferences are influenced by the assumed infectious population size, which generally has been kept fixed in previous work. We demonstrate that the infectious population size can be inferred if the remaining epidemiological parameters are already known with sufficient precision.
Signaling Cascades Governing Cdc42-Mediated Chondrogenic Differentiation and Mensenchymal Condensation
Authors: Wang Jirong , Wang Chaojun , Xu Chengyun , Wu Xiaokai , Hong Dun , Shi Wei , Gong Ying , Chen Haixiao , Long Fanxin , Wu Ximei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Endochondral ossification consists of successive steps of chondrocyte differentiation, including mesenchymal condensation, differentiation of chondrocytes, and hypertrophy followed by mineralization and ossification. Loss-of-function studies have revealed that abnormal growth plate cartilage of the Cdc42 mutant contributes to the defects in endochondral bone formation. Here, we have investigated the roles of Cdc42 in osteogenesis and signaling cascades governing Cdc42-mediated chondrogenic differentiation. Though deletion of Cdc42 in limb mesenchymal progenitors led to severe defects in endochondral ossification, either ablation of Cdc42 in limb preosteoblasts or knockdown of Cdc42 in vitro had no obvious effects on bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. However, in Cdc42 mutant limb buds, loss of Cdc42 in mesenchymal progenitors led to marked inactivation of p38 and Smad1/5, and in micromass cultures, Cdc42 lay on the upstream of p38 to activate Smad1/5 in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced mesenchymal condensation. Finally, Cdc42 also lay on the upstream of protein kinase B to transactivate Sox9 and subsequently induced the expression of chondrocyte differential marker in transforming growth factor-β1-induced chondrogenesis. Taken together, by using biochemical and genetic approaches, we have demonstrated that Cdc42 is involved not in osteogenesis but in chondrogenesis in which the BMP2/Cdc42/Pak/p38/Smad signaling module promotes mesenchymal condensation and the TGF-β/Cdc42/Pak/Akt/Sox9 signaling module facilitates chondrogenic differentiation.
Reasons for Refusal of Newborn Vitamin K Prophylaxis: Implications for Management and Education
Authors: Hamrick Harvey James , Gable Elizabeth Kaye , Freeman Emily Hruska , Dunn Laurie Louise , Zimmerman Sarah Pritchett , Rusin Molly Moriarty , Linthavong Olivia Reid , Wright Mary Ellen , Moss Leslie Ann , Skinner Asheley Cockrell 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends intramuscular (IM) vitamin K prophylaxis for all newborns to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Given the serious implications of late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding, our objective was to examine factors influencing parents’ decisions to refuse IM vitamin K prophylaxis.METHODS:Parents intending to refuse IM vitamin K prophylaxis at delivery were recruited from 5 community hospitals, 1 academic medical center, and 2 birthing centers in a single Southeastern state. Participants completed a written survey including demographics, birth and parenting decisions (eg, breastfeeding), and open-ended questions about their vitamin K information sources, concerns, and knowledge of risks.RESULTS:The incidence of refusal was highest at the birthing centers. Fifty-four parents intending to refuse IM vitamin K completed the survey. Most were white (78%), over age 30 (57%), and college graduates (65%). All reported intention to exclusively breastfeed. Most refused hepatitis B vaccine (90%) and erythromycin eye ointment (77%). The most common source of information was the Internet (70%). Concerns included synthetic or toxic ingredients (37%), excessive dose (28%), and side effects (24%). Eighty-three percent of parents reported awareness of risks associated with vitamin K refusal. However, only 6 parents (11%) decided to accept IM prophylaxis.CONCLUSIONS:This study provides an understanding of the concerns, mindset, and information sources used by parents refusing IM vitamin K. Educating parents about the importance of IM prophylaxis should begin in the prenatal period and must address concerns parents identify on the Internet.
Toward High-Value Care: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Repeat Complete Blood Counts and Basic Metabolic Panels on a Pediatric Hospitalist Service
Authors: Johnson David P. , Lind Carrie , Parker Sarah E.S. , Beuschel Christian , VanVliet Stacey , Nichols James , Rauch Carol A. , Lee Brenda , Muething Stephen E. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:
Achieving high-value health care is a goal of health care providers who strive to increase quality and decrease cost. Decreasing laboratory tests is a potential method to increase value. We used quality improvement methodology to decrease the percentage of unnecessary complete blood counts (CBCs) and basic metabolic panels (BMPs) obtained on a pediatric hospital medicine service from 13.5% to &lt;5%.

METHODS:
A pre- and postintervention design was conducted including all patients admitted to 2 hospital medicine teams between May 2013 and December 2014. Multiple interventions linked to key drivers were tested through rapid plan-do-study-act cycles. Primary and secondary outcome measures, percent reduction of unnecessary CBCs and BMPs, and consecutive day tests were analyzed using statistical process control. Total billed charges, laboratory charges, 7-day readmission rates, and length of stay were compared pre- and postintervention.

RESULTS:
Primary outcome of unnecessary CBCs and BMPs was reduced from a baseline of 13.5% to 4.5%. Secondary outcome measure of consecutive day testing was reduced from 20.9% to 8.5%. Median laboratory charges decreased significantly ($842 [$256–$1863] vs $800 [$222–$1616], P = .002), with no significant differences in total billed charges, 7-day readmission rates, or length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
Rapid cycle plan-do-study-act methodology, initially focusing on the inclusion of a daily laboratory plan in progress notes, was an effective means to improve laboratory utilization and decrease laboratory charges without adversely affecting other quality measures. Spreading these efforts to different patient populations and laboratory tests could have a demonstrable effect on the value of health care.
Desarrollo organizacional y los procesos de cambio en las instituciones educativas, un reto de la gestión de la educación
Authors: Garbanzo-Vargas Guiselle M. 
Published: January 2016

Con el propósito de gestionar los distintos procesos por los que atraviesan las organizaciones educativas en aras de alcanzar su desarrollo organizativo, y responder así a las demandas emergentes del entorno, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión conceptual de los principales fundamentos asociados al desarrollo organizacional. Se toman en cuenta la gestión de los procesos de cambio que deben ejecutarse y el papel de la administración de la educación desde la gestión que, mediante un liderazgo transformador, debe actuar desarrollando organizaciones inteligentes, con culturas renovadas, dispuestas a gestar los cambios necesarios para alcanzar la visión organizacional. Sobresale, entre sus consideraciones finales, que la gestión de la educación posee un rol fundamental en la conducción eficiente de las organizaciones educativas, desarrollándolas como organizaciones inteligentes, de manera que alcancen altos estándares de calidad en el servicio que ofrecen, traducido en una mejor formación según la población meta a la cual se dirige.
Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a study in a teaching hospital in Telangana
Authors: Surapaneni Harika , Sisodia Shalini Singh 
Published: January 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the common problems in ENT Department which can be caused due to infections or anatomical blockage or allergy. We performed this study to assess the cause, clinical features and the effect of treatment on rhinosinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 60 patients of chronic sinusitis with symptoms persisting beyond three months, Nasal Endoscopic findings with Polyps/Discharge/edematous mucosa were included in the study. A detailed clinical history, with complete Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head and Neck examination, blood tests like complete blood picture, Blood sugar levels, ESR and Hepatitis profile. X ray of paranasal sinuses, (water’s view) and lateral view, Chest x-ray –PA View and CT scan of paranasal sinuses (axial and coronal section with 3mm cuts at OMC) was done for all patients. Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopic examination (DNE) for detection of polyps / discharge / edematous mucosa in middle meatus was also done for the patients where it was necessary. The patients were given medical or surgical treatment according to the symptom and followup was done for 3 months for all patients. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Over 75% of the patients had incidence of sinusitis in the age group of 16 – 45 years. The most common etiology was sinusitis caused by infections (26 – 44%) followed by anatomical obstruction (22 – 36%). Of the 22 anatomical obstruction the most common was Deviated nasal septum in 14 (62%) of the cases followed by 4 (19%) CB, 3 (15%) pradixical MT and 1 (4%) prominent aggernasi. The most common sign and symptom was headache and polypoidal changes observed in 36 patients each (60%), followed by nasal obstruction in 35 patients (50%). 12 (20%) of the patients were treated with polypectomy + FESS while 14 (23%) of them were treated with septoplasty + FESS. 34 (57%) were treated with only FESS.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic sinusitis doesnot affect a particular age or sex and is more common among patietns with an upper respiratory tract infection. CT scan of the paranasal sinuses is the most useful tool in diagnosing the disease and FESS is the treatment of choice.
Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis: can nasal endoscopy be the new gold standard in developing countries?
Authors: Tyagi Sushant , Srivastava Mohit , Singh Vandana 
Published: January 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Objective of the study was to study the role of diagnostic value of nasal endoscopy in diseases involving nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses particularly chronic rhinosinusitis in developing countries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 200 Patients with clinical evidence of sinonasal diseases were evaluated. All patients were subjected to thorough ENT examination with special emphasis on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Nasal Endoscopy was done using Hopkins rod endoscopes ( 0º, 30º, 45º, 70º and 90º) - diameter 2.7 mm/ 4 mm, length 18 cm after administering a spray puff of Xylocaine with adrenaline (10 drops of adrenaline to 2 ml of Xylocaine). Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses was done in 100 patients whose symptoms, examination and clinical picture were sufficient to warrant the procedure. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common anatomical variations detected on nasal endoscopy were deviated nasal septum (83.5%) followed by paradoxical middle turbinate (42.5), and concha bullosa (26.5%). Accessory middle turbinate was seen in 7 out of 200 cases (3.5%). The most common pathological abnormality detected on nasal endoscopy was mucopus in middle meatus (69%) and next were hypertrophied (45 and 35% inferior and middle turbinate respectively) and congested turbinates (44.5%), followed by polypoidal changes (28%) and oedematous/congested uncinate process (27.5%).</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnostic nasal endoscopy can prove to be a better diagnostic modality compared to CT scan when conditions like middle meatal secretions, condition of mucosa, polyps are looked for. It can detect early polypoidal and other pathological changes missed on CT which can aid in early diagnosis and medical management of sinonasal diseases thereby preventing patient from unnecessary surgical exposure. Also being easily available and cost effective, patients can be spared from unnecessary cost and radiation exposure by performing diagnostic nasal endoscopy prior to CT.
GJS Referres
Authors: Referre GJCS 
Published: January 2016

<p>The academicians listed below have acted as referees since November 2015 for manuscripts in which the review process of which have been completed, as well as for those paper submissions which have been cancelled by the authors for some reason and for those that have been rejected. The editorial board members are grateful to all referees who have contributed to GJCS.</p><table width="509" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Fezile Özdamlı</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Near East University, Cyprus</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Adem Karahoca</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Bahcesehir University, Turkey </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Carmen Pérez Sabater</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Seren Başaran</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Near East University, Cyprus</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Huseyin Uzunboylu</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Near East University, Cyprus</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Mehmet Erdem</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>University of Nevada, USA</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Tuncay Ergene</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Yaşar University, Turkey</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Iftikhar Ahmad</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>King Saud University, Maleysia </p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Hafize Keser</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>Ankara University Turkey</p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="230"><p>Gabriela Grosseck</p></td><td valign="top" width="278"><p>University of the West Timisoara, Romania</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p>
Racial Differences in and Prognostic Value of Biomarkers of Hyperglycemia
Authors: Parrinello Christina M. , Sharrett A. Richey , Maruthur Nisa M. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
We compared levels and associations of traditional (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and nontraditional (fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol [1,5-AG]) biomarkers of hyperglycemia with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and prevalent retinopathy in black and white adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 10,373 participants without (8,096 white, 2,277 black) and 727 with diagnosed diabetes (425 white, 302 black) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare hazards ratios of CVD and ESRD among blacks and whites from baseline (1990–1992) through 2012. We compared the odds ratios (from logistic regression) of retinopathy among blacks and whites. We tested for the interaction of each biomarker with race.

RESULTS
Median values of biomarkers were higher among blacks versus whites (all P &lt; 0.001). Relative risks for each biomarker with incident CVD and ESRD, and odds ratios for each biomarker with prevalent retinopathy, were similar by race (all P values for interaction by race &gt;0.10).

CONCLUSIONS
The prognostic value of HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-AG with incident CVD, incident ESRD, and prevalent retinopathy were similar by race. Our results support similar interpretation of HbA1c and nontraditional biomarkers of hyperglycemia among black and whites with respect to long-term complications.
Corrosion resistance and microstructure of alloy 625 weld overlay on ASTM A516 grade 70
Authors: Moradi Mohammad J. , Ketabchi Mostafa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Nickel-based alloys are a crucial class of materials because of their excellent corrosion resistance. In the present study, single layer and two layers alloy 625 weld overlays were deposited by GTAW process on A516 grade 70 carbon steel. The dilution in terms of Fe, Ni, Mo and Nb content was calculated in 30 points of weld overlay. Microstructure observations showed that alloy 625 had austenitic structure with two types of Laves and NbC secondary phases. The uniform and pitting corrosion resistance of alloy 625 weld overlay as casted and as forged were evaluated in accordance with ASTM G48-2011 standard at different temperatures to determine the weight loss and critical pitting temperature. For achieving a better comparison, samples from alloy 625 as casted and as forged were tested under the same conditions. The results point out that single layer alloy 625 weld overlay is not suitable for chloride containing environments, two layers alloy 625 weld overlay and alloy 625 as casted have acceptable corrosion resistance and almost the same critical pitting temperature. Alloy 625 as forged has the best corrosion resistance and the highest critical pitting temperature among all test specimens. Also, the corrosion behavior was evaluated in accordance with ASTM G28 standard. The corrosion rate of single layer weld overlay was unacceptable. The average corrosion rate of two layers weld overlay and in casted condition were 35.82 and 33.01 mpy, respectively.
Electrical resistivity and strength properties of sodium hydroxide contaminated soil solidified with cement
Authors: Dong Xiaoqiang , Song Zhiwei , Chen Y. Frank 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Nine different contents of sodium hydroxide solutions, silt, and ordinary Portland cement were selected as basic materials to make the cemented soil blocks. The electrical resistivity under different current frequencies and unconfined compressive strengths were measured after curing for 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days, respectively. The results show that the alternating current electrical resistivity decreases with the increase in current frequency for all content values. The higher the current frequency is, the smoother the electrical resistivity. The current frequency range of 5 × 104 to 106 Hz is recommended to reduce the error resulting from the slight variation of current frequencies. The strength and electrical resistivity increase logarithmically with the increase in curing time. With the increase in content, the strength first increases linearly and then decreases linearly. The strength reaches the peak value at the content of 7.5 g × kg−1. The electrical resistivity decreases exponentially. A useful prediction formula for the strength is proposed, which was established according to the linear relationship between the strength and the electrical resistivity. Based on the influencing degree of sodium hydroxide on the strength of cemented soil, an evaluation standard for the electrical resistivity of cement-solidified sodium hydroxide-contaminated soil is also proposed.