bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferior Oblique Overaction: Anterior Transposition Versus Myectomy
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Feizi Mohadeseh , Behradfar Narges , Yaseri Mehdi , Sayanjali Shima , Motevaseli Tahmine , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Faghihi Mohammad 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition for correcting inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on 56 patients with IOOA who had either myectomy or anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle from 2010 to 2015. The authors compared preoperative and postoperative inferior oblique muscle function grading (−4 to +4) as the main outcome measure and vertical and horizontal deviation, dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and A- and V-pattern between the two surgical groups as secondary outcomes.

Results:

A total of 99 eyes of 56 patients with a mean age of 5.9 ± 6.5 years were included (47 eyes in the myectomy group and 52 eyes in the anterior transposition group). There were no differences in preoperative best corrected visual acuity, amblyopia, spherical equivalent, and primary versus secondary IOOA between the two groups. Both surgical procedures were effective in reducing IOOA and satisfactory results were similar between the two groups: 61.7% and 67.3% in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively (
P
= .56). After adjustment for the preoperative DVD, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups postoperatively. The preoperative hypertropia was 6 to 14 and 6 to 18 prism diopters (PD) in the myectomy and anterior transposition groups, respectively. After surgery, no patient had a vertical deviation greater than 5 PD.

Conclusions:
Both the inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition procedures are effective in reducing IOOA with similar satisfactory results. DVD and hypertropia were also corrected similarly by these two surgical procedures.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(4):232–237.]
Progression of High Anisometropia in Children
Authors: Zedan Rasha H. , El-Fayoumi Dina , Awadein Ahmed 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the onset and rate of progression of high anisometropia in myopic children younger than 13 years.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed on children with anisometropia younger than 13 years with myopia of more than 4.00 diopters (D) in the more ametropic eye and a difference in spherical equivalent refraction of 4.00 D between both eyes. All children had a complete ophthalmologic examination, including measurement of visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction every 3 to 6 months for at least 5 years. Change in the spherical equivalent and the cylindrical error for both eyes and changes in the difference in spherical equivalent refraction between both eyes were calculated for each patient at each visit. Linear, polynomial, logarithmic, and exponential fitting models were tested for both eyes and for the anisometropic difference between both eyes. The regression line with the greatest
R
2
value was considered best fit.

Results:

Sixty-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The more ametropic eye grew in a regular fashion during the first 2 years of life, followed by a rapid decrease in the rate of growth to become almost stable after 4 years of age. The increase in myopia best fit a third-degree polynomial (cubic) model (
R
2
= 0.98). The less ametropic eye showed only a small increase in myopia during the follow-up period. The anisometropic difference between both eyes increased gradually during the first 2 years, then remained stable.

Conclusions:
High anisometropic myopia progresses rapidly in the first few years of life before becoming stable.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(5):282–286.]
Combined Surgery for Simultaneous Treatment of Congenital Ptosis and Coexisting Strabismus
Authors: Zhou Feng , Ouyang Ming , Ma Dahui , Liu Guiqin , Cheng Hongbo 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of single-stage surgery for treatment of patients with congenital ptosis and coexisting strabismus.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients (17 eyes) with congenital ptosis and coexisting strabismus. Patients were treated with levator resection or frontalis suspension for ptosis and ocular muscle surgery for strabismus, performed as a single-stage procedure. Levator resection was performed in 9 patients (15 eyes) and frontalis muscle flap suspension was performed in 1 patient (2 eyes) with blepharophimosis. Seven patients (11 eyes) simultaneously underwent exotropia correction, and inferior oblique myectomy was performed in 3 patients (3 eyes) with congenital superior oblique palsy.

Results:
Satisfactory efficacy of single-stage surgery for correction of congenital ptosis and coexisting strabismus was achieved without complications.

Conclusions:
Comprehensive preoperative examination is vital to determine the appropriate diagnosis and guide surgical decision-making. Single-stage surgery for congenital ptosis and coexisting strabismus is effective and a shortened treatment period is beneficial to patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(5):288–294.]
CD63-Mediated Antigen Delivery into Extracellular Vesicles via DNA Vaccination Results in Robust CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Kanuma Tomohiro , Yamamoto Takuya , Kobiyama Kouji , Moriishi Eiko , Masuta Yuji , Kusakabe Takato , Ozasa Koji , Kuroda Etsushi , Jounai Nao , Ishii Ken J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
DNA vaccines are attractive immunogens for priming humoral and cellular immune responses to the encoded Ag. However, their ability to induce Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses requires improvement. Among the strategies for improving DNA vaccine immunogenicity are booster vaccinations, alternate vaccine formulations, electroporation, and genetic adjuvants, but few, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), target natural Ag delivery systems. By focusing on CD63, a tetraspanin protein expressed on various cellular membranes, including EVs, we examined whether a DNA vaccine encoding an Ag fused to CD63 delivered into EVs would improve vaccine immunogenicity. In vitro transfection with plasmid DNA encoding an OVA Ag fused to CD63 (pCD63-OVA) produced OVA-carrying EVs. Immunizations with the purified OVA-carrying EVs primed naive mice to induce OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas immunization with EVs purified from cells transfected with control plasmids encoding OVA protein alone or a calnexin-OVA fusion protein delivered into the endoplasmic reticulum failed to do so. Vaccinating mice with pCD63-OVA induced potent Ag-specific T cell responses, particularly those from CD8+ T cells. CD63 delivery into EVs led to better CD8+ T cell responses than calnexin delivery into the endoplasmic reticulum. When we used a mouse tumor implantation model to evaluate pCD63-OVA as a therapeutic vaccine, the EV-delivered DNA vaccination significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control DNA vaccinations. These results indicate that EV Ag delivery via DNA vaccination offers a new strategy for eliciting strong CD8+ T cell responses to the encoded Ag, making it a potentially useful cancer vaccine.
Lineage-Specific Metabolic Properties and Vulnerabilities of T Cells in the Demyelinating Central Nervous System
Authors: Seki Scott M. , Stevenson Max , Rosen Abagail M. , Arandjelovic Sanja , Gemta Lelisa , Bullock Timothy N. J. , Gaultier Alban 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of CNS myelin. Current MS therapies aim to block peripheral immune cells from entering the CNS. Although these treatments limit new inflammatory activity in the CNS, no treatment effectively prevents long-term disease progression and disability accumulation in MS patients. One explanation for this paradox is that current therapies are ineffective at targeting immune responses already present in the CNS. To this end, we sought to understand the metabolic properties of T cells that mediate ongoing inflammation in the demyelinating CNS. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice, a well-studied model of MS, we showed that the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that invade the EAE CNS are highly glycolytic. Elevated glycolytic rates in T cells isolated from the EAE CNS correlate with upregulated expression of glycolytic machinery and is essential for inflammatory responses to myelin. Surprisingly, we found that an inhibitor of GAPDH, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPa), blocks IFN-γ, but not IL-17A, production in immune cells isolated from the EAE CNS. Indeed, in vitro studies confirmed that the production of IFN-γ by differentiated Th1 cells is more sensitive to 3-BrPa than is the production of IL-17A by Th17 cells. Finally, in transfer models of EAE, 3-BrPa robustly attenuates the encephalitogenic potential of EAE-driving immune cells. To our knowledge, these data are among the first to demonstrate the metabolic properties of T cells in the demyelinating CNS in vivo.
CCR2 Regulates the Immune Response by Modulating the Interconversion and Function of Effector and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Bakos Eszter , Thaiss Christoph A. , Kramer Matthias P. , Cohen Sivan , Radomir Lihi , Orr Irit , Kaushansky Nathali , Ben-Nun Avraham , Becker-Herman Shirly , Shachar Idit 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors establish a complex network modulating immune cell migration and localization. These molecules were also suggested to mediate the differentiation of leukocytes; however, their intrinsic, direct regulation of lymphocyte fate remained unclear. CCR2 is the main chemokine receptor inducing macrophage and monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation, and it is also expressed on T cells. To assess whether CCR2 directly regulates T cell responses, we followed the fates of CCR2−/− T cells in T cell–specific inflammatory models. Our in vitro and in vivo results show that CCR2 intrinsically mediates the expression of inflammatory T cell cytokines, and its absence on T cells results in attenuated colitis progression. Moreover, CCR2 deficiency in T cells promoted a program inducing the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, while decreasing the levels of Th17 cells in vivo, indicating that CCR2 regulates the immune response by modulating the effector/regulatory T ratio.
RIG-I–like Receptor Triggering by Dengue Virus Drives Dendritic Cell Immune Activation and TH1 Differentiation
Authors: Sprokholt Joris K. , Kaptein Tanja M. , van Hamme John L. , Overmars Ronald J. , Gringhuis Sonja I. , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes 400 million infections annually and is one of several viruses that can cause viral hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by uncontrolled immune activation resulting in high fever and internal bleeding. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, massive cytokine secretion is thought to be involved. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main target cells of DENV, and we investigated their role in DENV-induced cytokine production and adaptive immune responses. DENV infection induced DC maturation and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Inhibition of DENV RNA replication abrogated these responses. Notably, silencing of RNA sensors RIG-I or MDA5 abrogated DC maturation, as well as cytokine responses by DENV-infected DCs. DC maturation was induced by type I IFN responses because inhibition of IFN-α/β receptor signaling abrogated DENV-induced DC maturation. Moreover, DENV infection of DCs resulted in CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 expression, which was abrogated after RIG-I and MDA5 silencing. DCs play an essential role in TH cell differentiation, and we show that RIG-I and MDA5 triggering by DENV leads to TH1 polarization, which is characterized by high levels of IFN-γ. Notably, cytokines IL-6, TNF, and IFN-γ and chemokines CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 have been associated with disease severity, endothelial dysfunction, and vasodilation. Therefore, we identified RIG-I and MDA5 as critical players in innate and adaptive immune responses against DENV, and targeting these receptors has the potential to decrease hemorrhagic fever in patients.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoprotein MPT83 Induces Apoptosis of Infected Macrophages by Activating the TLR2/p38/COX-2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Lin , Zuo Mianyong , Chen Hao , Liu Siyu , Wu Xiangyang , Cui Zhenling , Yang Hua , Liu Haipeng , Ge Baoxue 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to pose a serious global health threat. The attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin, as the only licensed vaccine, has limited protective efficacy against TB. The development of more effective antituberculosis vaccines is urgent and demands for further identification and understanding of M. tuberculosis Ags. MPT83 (Rv2873), a secreted mycobacterial lipoprotein, has been applied into subunit vaccine development and shown protective effects against M. tuberculosis infection in animals; however, the understanding of the underlying mechanism is limited. In present study, we systematically studied the effect of MPT83 on macrophage apoptosis by constructing Mycobacterium smegmatis strain overexpressing MPT83 (MS_MPT83) and purifying rMPT83 protein. We found that MPT83 induced apoptosis in both human and mouse macrophages. MPT83 induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at both the transcriptional and protein levels in macrophages, whereas silencing or inhibiting COX-2 blocked rMPT83-induced apoptosis or the enhanced apoptotic response to MS_MPT83 in comparison with M. smegmatis transfected with pMV261 vector (MS_Vec), indicating that COX-2 is required for MPT83-induced apoptosis. Additionally, tlr2 deficiency led to significant reduction of COX-2 expression, accompanied by less apoptosis in macrophages stimulated with rMPT83 or infected with MS_MPT83. Moreover, the activation of p38 accounted for MPT83-induced COX-2 expression. Finally, lower bacteria burdens in the lungs and spleens and enhanced survival were observed in mice i.v. infected with MS_MPT83 compared with MS_Vec. Taken together, our results established a proapoptotic effect of MPT83 and identified the TLR2/p38/COX-2 axis in MPT83-induced macrophage apoptosis.
Cutting Edge: Differential Fine-Tuning of IL-2– and IL-15–Dependent Functions by Targeting Their Common IL-2/15Rβ/γc Receptor
Authors: Meghnem Dihia , Morisseau Sébastien , Frutoso Marie , Trillet Kilian , Maillasson Mike , Barbieux Isabelle , Khaddage Sarah , Leray Isabelle , Hildinger Markus , Quéméner Agnès , Jacques Yannick , Mortier Erwan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Interleukin 2 and IL-15 are two closely related cytokines, displaying important functions in the immune system. They share the heterodimeric CD122/CD132 receptor to deliver their signals within target cells. Their specificity of action is conferred by their α receptor chains, IL-2Rα and IL-15Rα. By combining an increased affinity for CD122 and an impaired recruitment of CD132, we have generated an original molecule named IL-2Rβ/γ (CD122/CD132) inhibitor (BiG), targeting the CD122/CD132 receptor. BiG efficiently inhibited IL-15– and IL-2–dependent functions of primary cells, including CD8 T and NK cells, in vitro and in vivo. We also report a differential dynamic of action of these cytokines by highlighting a major role played by the IL-2Rα receptor. Interestingly, due to the presence of IL-2Rα, BiG had no impact on IL-2–dependent regulatory T cell proliferation. Thus, by acting as a fine switch in the immune system, BiG emphasizes the differential roles of these two cytokines.
Cutting Edge: Defective Aerobic Glycolysis Defines the Distinct Effector Function in Antigen-Activated CD8+ Recent Thymic Emigrants
Authors: Cunningham Cody A. , Bergsbaken Tessa , Fink Pamela J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are the youngest peripheral T cells that have completed thymic selection and egress to the lymphoid periphery. RTEs are functionally distinct from their more mature but still naive T cell counterparts, because they exhibit dampened proliferation and reduced cytokine production upon activation. In this article, we show that, compared with more mature but still naive T cells, RTEs are impaired in their ability to perform aerobic glycolysis following activation. Impaired metabolism underlies the reduced IFN-γ production observed in activated RTEs. This failure to undergo Ag-induced aerobic glycolysis is caused by reduced mTORC1 activity and diminished Myc induction in RTEs. Critically, exogenous IL-2 restores Myc expression in RTEs, driving aerobic glycolysis and IFN-γ production to the level of mature T cells. These results reveal a previously unknown metabolic component to postthymic T cell maturation.
The possible prognostic role of histone deacetylase and transforming growth factor β/Smad signaling in high grade gliomas treated by radio-chemotherapy: a preliminary immunohistochemical study
Authors: Sferra Roberta , Pompili Simona , Festuccia Claudio , Marampon Francesco , Gravina Giovanni L. , Ventura Luca , Di Cesare Ernesto , Cicchinelli Sara , Gaudio Eugenio , Vetuschi Antonella 
Published: May 2017

<p class="00Testo">Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Unfortunately, patients affected by this disease have a very poor prognosis, due to high level of invasiveness and resistance to standard therapies. Although the molecular profile of GBM has been extensively investigated, the events responsible for its pathogenesis and progression remain largely unknown. Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) dependent epigenetic modifications and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway seem to play an important role in GBM tumorigenesis, resistance to common therapies and poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement and the possible interaction between these two molecular cascades in the pathogenesis and prognosis of GBM. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on microdissected GBM samples, collected from 14 patients (6 men and 8 women) ranging in age from 43 to 74 years. The patients were previously divided, on the basis of their overall survival (OS), into two groups: short and long OS. Patients with poor prognosis showed hyperexpression of HDAC4 and HDAC6, an activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway, with high levels of IL-13, Smad2, PDGF and MMP3 expression, compared to the long survivors. The short OS group exhibits a decrease in Smad 7 expression and also low levels of p21 immunostaining, which represents a common target of the two pathways. The IHC data was confirmed by quantitative analysis and Immunoblotting. Our preliminary results suggest that both HDAC4 and HDAC6 together with the TGF-β/Smad pathway may be involved in progression of GBM and this cross talking could be a useful prognostic marker in this deadly disease.</p>
Laser ablation ICP-MS of size-segregated atmospheric particles collected with a MOUDI cascade impactor: a proof of concept
Authors: Robinson Marin S. , Grgić Irena , Šelih Vid S. , Šala Martin , Bitsui Marsha , van Elteren Johannes T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A widely used instrument for collecting size-segregated particles is the micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). In this work, a 10-stage MOUDI (cut-point diameter of 10 µm to 56 nm) was used to collect samples in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Martinska, Croatia. Filters, collected with and without rotation, were cut in half and analyzed for nine elements (As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Sb, V, Zn) using laser ablation ICP-MS. Elemental image maps (created with ImageJ) were converted to concentrations using NIST SRM 2783. Statistical analysis of the elemental maps indicated that for submicron particles (stages 6–10), ablating 10 % of the filter (0.5 cm2, 20 min ablation time) was sufficient to give values in good agreement (±10 %) to analysis of larger parts of the filter and with good precision (RSE < 1 %). Excellent sensitivity was also observed (e.g., 20 ± 0.2 pg m−3 V). The novel use of LA-ICP-MS, together with image mapping, provided a fast and sensitive method for elemental analysis of size-segregated MOUDI filters, particularly for submicron particles.
Billijke vergoeding: verlagende factoren in cijfers
Authors: Beukhof Marit , Rietveld Rachel 
Published: May 2017

De billijke vergoeding: verlagende factoren in cijfers
Veel verschillende omstandigheden bij zowel werkgever als werknemer zijn van invloed op de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding. In dit artikel wordt door de auteurs geschetst wat de invloed van vergoeding-verlagende factoren is en hoe de toegekende bedragen zich verhouden tot de verzochte.
Caracterización de la confrontación sociedad civil - Estado en la República del Ecuador 2015-2016: análisis de las redes sociales mediante Twitter
Authors: Guerrero Salgado Efrén Ernesto , Guerrero Salgado Gilda 
Published: May 2017

La República del Ecuador se encuentra en un proceso político que ha reconstruido la administración y ejecución de la política, así como las relaciones entre sociedad civil y Estado. Desde el año 2007, la agrupación oficialista, Alianza País (AP) ha promocionado una amplia reforma del Estado, que en su puesta en práctica ha cambiado las estructuras de sociedad ecuatoriana con un uso intensivo de los medios de comunicación, entre ellos las redes sociales. Esta situación ha tenido varios niveles de oposición por parte de grupos de la sociedad civil. Esta confrontación que tiene como escenario la calle y el Internet, ha sido la fuente principal de debate político en el país, pero no ha sido explicado en el funcionamiento de las conexiones humanas y cibernéticas que lo sostienen, así como el comportamiento de los involucrados. El presente documento buscará caracterizar los actores que participan en las relaciones en momentos de manifestaciones sociales, mediante el uso del SNA (Social Network Analysis). Se busca demostrar a través de las interacciones de los ciudadanos en episodios de alta crispación política. la manera en que la conflictividad social es abordada por parte del Estado, manifestada en sus respuestas legales y en sus prácticas políticas y de seguridad.
The End of Academic Freedom in the Era of Neoliberalism?
Authors: Lojdová Kateřina 
Published: May 2017

Tento článek diskutuje možné konsekvence neoliberalismu pro současné university. Zaměřuje se v perspektivě kritické pedagogiky na možné konflikty neoliberalismu s akademickou svobodou jakožto hlavní součástí akademického ducha na univerzitách. Článek je rozdělen do dvou částí. První část přibližuje kritickou pedagogiku, její kořeny a současnou podobu, včetně limitů, které tento koncept má. Druhá část se již v kriticko-pedagogickém pohledu věnuje neoliberální proměně výzkumu a výuky na univerzitách na příkladu pedagogických fakult. Závěr nastiňuje možnosti kritické pedagogiky k pěstování akademického ducha na univerzitách. Shledává je například ve výzkumu nezávislém na grantových schématech, avšak relevantních pro odbornou komunitu, v citlivém managementu univerzit a v kurikulu pregraduální přípravy učitelů akcentujícím spíše svobodného učitele nežli kompetenční orientaci vzdělávání diktovanou shora. Článek tak ústí do smířlivé vize udržitelného akademického života, která balancuje na pomezí mezi ekonomickou dimenzí univerzit na straně jedné a akademickou svobodou nezávislou na trhu práce na straně druhé.