bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Steroid Regulation of Mood and Behavior
Authors: Schiller Crystal Edler , Johnson Sarah L. , Abate Anna C. , Schmidt Peter J. , Rubinow David R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we examine evidence supporting the role of reproductive steroids in the regulation of mood and behavior in women and the nature of that role. In the first half of the article, we review evidence for the following: (i) the reproductive system is designed to regulate behavior; (ii) from the subcellular to cellular to circuit to behavior, reproductive steroids are powerful neuroregulators; (iii) affective disorders are disorders of behavioral state; and (iv) reproductive steroids affect virtually every system implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In the second half of the article, we discuss the diagnosis of the three reproductive endocrine‐related mood disorders (premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, and perimenopausal depression) and present evidence supporting the relevance of reproductive steroids to these conditions. Existing evidence suggests that changes in reproductive steroid levels during specific reproductive states (i.e., the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, parturition, and the menopause transition) trigger affective dysregulation in susceptible women, thus suggesting the etiopathogenic relevance of these hormonal changes in reproductive mood disorders. Understanding the source of individual susceptibility is critical to both preventing the onset of illness and developing novel, individualized treatments for reproductive‐related affective dysregulation. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:1135‐1160, 2016e.
Control of the Cutaneous Circulation by the Central Nervous System
Authors: Blessing William , McAllen Robin , McKinley Michael 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe central nervous system (CNS), via its control of sympathetic outflow, regulates blood flow to the acral cutaneous beds (containing arteriovenous anastomoses) as part of the homeostatic thermoregulatory process, as part of the febrile response, and as part of cognitive‐emotional processes associated with purposeful interactions with the external environment, including those initiated by salient or threatening events (we go pale with fright). Inputs to the CNS for the thermoregulatory process include cutaneous sensory neurons, and neurons in the preoptic area sensitive to the temperature of the blood in the internal carotid artery. Inputs for cognitive‐emotional control from the exteroceptive sense organs (touch, vision, sound, smell, etc.) are integrated in forebrain centers including the amygdala. Psychoactive drugs have major effects on the acral cutaneous circulation. Interoceptors, chemoreceptors more than baroreceptors, also influence cutaneous sympathetic outflow. A major advance has been the discovery of a lower brainstem control center in the rostral medullary raphé, regulating outflow to both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and to the acral cutaneous beds. Neurons in the medullary raphé, via their descending axonal projections, increase the discharge of spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons controlling the cutaneous vasculature, utilizing glutamate, and serotonin as neurotransmitters. Present evidence suggests that both thermoregulatory and cognitive‐emotional control of the cutaneous beds from preoptic, hypothalamic, and forebrain centers is channeled via the medullary raphé. Future studies will no doubt further unravel the details of neurotransmitter pathways connecting these rostral control centers with the medullary raphé, and those operative within the raphé itself. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:1161‐1197, 2016.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Performance of NaNbO3/Ag2S Core–Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Singh Aadesh P , Bera Chandan , Thirumal Meganathan , Mehta B. R. , Ganguli Ashok K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the fabrication of visible‐light‐active NaNbO3/Ag2S staggered‐gap core–shell semiconductor heterostructures with excellent photoelectrochemical activity toward water splitting, and the degradation of a model pollutant (methylene blue) was also monitored. The heterostructures show a pronounced photocurrent density of approximately 2.44 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.5 m Na2SO4 and exhibit a positive shift in onset potential by approximately 1.1 V. The high photoactivity is attributed to the efficient photoinduced interfacial charge transfer (IFCT). The core–shell design alleviates the challenges associated with the electron–hole paths across semiconductor junctions and at the electrolyte–semiconductor interface. These properties demonstrate that NaNbO3/Ag2S core–shell heterostructures show promising visible‐light photoactivity and are also efficient, stable, and recyclable photocatalysts.
Performance Characteristics of a Non‐Fluorescent Aerolysin‐Based Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Assay for Simultaneous Evaluation of PNH Neutrophils and PNH Monocytes by Flow Cytometry, Following Published PNH Guidelines
Authors: Marinov Iuri , Illingworth Andrea J. , Benko Miroslav , Sutherland D. Robert 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundCD157 has been recently reported as a useful glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐linked marker for the detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clones in patients with suspected paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria by flow cytometry as it targets both neutrophils and monocytes. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of a non‐fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER) approach and propose an alternative for laboratories, where FLAER is not available.MethodsWe validated a non‐FLAER‐based single‐tube, 6‐color assay targeting the GPI‐linked structures CD157, CD24, and CD14. We determined its performance characteristics on 20 PNH patient samples containing a variety of clone sizes and compared results with a previously validated FLAER‐based approach.ResultsCoefficient of variation (CV) for intra‐/interassay precision analyses ranged from 0.1%/0.2% to 3.02%/7.58% for neutrophils and from 0.10%/0.3% to 5.39%/6.36% for monocytes. Coefficient of determination (r2) for linear regression analysis of PNH clones from 20 patients ranging from 0.06% to 99.7% was 0.99 in all cases, Wilcoxon ranks test showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05), Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated performance agreement with mean bias ranging from 0.06 to 0.2.ConclusionOur results confirm very good performance characteristics for both intra‐ and interassay precision analyses, favorable correlation, and agreement between the FLAER and non‐FLAER‐based approaches, using the CD157 GPI marker. Our experience suggests that a rapid and cost‐effective simultaneous evaluation of PNH neutrophils and monocytes by flow cytometry without using FLAER is possible in areas where FLAER may not be widely available. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Ungulate browsers promote herbaceous layer diversity in logged temperate forests
Authors: Faison Edward K. , DeStefano Stephen , Foster David R. , Motzkin Glenn , Rapp Joshua M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUngulates are leading drivers of plant communities worldwide, with impacts linked to animal density, disturbance and vegetation structure, and site productivity. Many ecosystems have more than one ungulate species; however, few studies have specifically examined the combined effects of two or more species on plant communities. We examined the extent to which two ungulate browsers (moose [Alces americanus]) and white‐tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) have additive (compounding) or compensatory (opposing) effects on herbaceous layer composition and diversity, 5–6 years after timber harvest in Massachusetts, USA. We established three combinations of ungulates using two types of fenced exclosures – none (full exclosure), deer (partial exclosure), and deer + moose (control) in six replicated blocks. Species composition diverged among browser treatments, and changes were generally additive. Plant assemblages characteristic of closed canopy forests were less abundant and assemblages characteristic of open/disturbed habitats were more abundant in deer + moose plots compared with ungulate excluded areas. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in greater herbaceous species richness at the plot scale (169 m2) and greater woody species richness at the subplot scale (1 m2) than ungulate exclusion and deer alone. Browsing by deer + moose resulted in strong changes to the composition, structure, and diversity of forest herbaceous layers, relative to areas free of ungulates and areas browed by white‐tailed deer alone. Our results provide evidence that moderate browsing in forest openings can promote both herbaceous and woody plant diversity. These results are consistent with the classic grazing‐species richness curve, but have rarely been documented in forests.
Filling in the GAPS: evaluating completeness and coverage of open‐access biodiversity databases in the United States
Authors: Troia Matthew J. , McManamay Ryan A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrimary biodiversity data constitute observations of particular species at given points in time and space. Open‐access electronic databases provide unprecedented access to these data, but their usefulness in characterizing species distributions and patterns in biodiversity depend on how complete species inventories are at a given survey location and how uniformly distributed survey locations are along dimensions of time, space, and environment. Our aim was to compare completeness and coverage among three open‐access databases representing ten taxonomic groups (amphibians, birds, freshwater bivalves, crayfish, freshwater fish, fungi, insects, mammals, plants, and reptiles) in the contiguous United States. We compiled occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), and federally administered fish surveys (FFS). We aggregated occurrence records by 0.1° × 0.1° grid cells and computed three completeness metrics to classify each grid cell as well‐surveyed or not. Next, we compared frequency distributions of surveyed grid cells to background environmental conditions in a GIS and performed Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to quantify coverage through time, along two spatial gradients, and along eight environmental gradients. The three databases contributed >13.6 million reliable occurrence records distributed among >190,000 grid cells. The percent of well‐surveyed grid cells was substantially lower for GBIF (5.2%) than for systematic surveys (BBS and FFS; 82.5%). Still, the large number of GBIF occurrence records produced at least 250 well‐surveyed grid cells for six of nine taxonomic groups. Coverages of systematic surveys were less biased across spatial and environmental dimensions but were more biased in temporal coverage compared to GBIF data. GBIF coverages also varied among taxonomic groups, consistent with commonly recognized geographic, environmental, and institutional sampling biases. This comprehensive assessment of biodiversity data across the contiguous United States provides a prioritization scheme to fill in the gaps by contributing existing occurrence records to the public domain and planning future surveys.
The Relationship Between HR Capabilities and Quality of Patient Care: The Mediating Role of Proactive Work Behaviors
Authors: Khatri Naresh , Gupta Vishal , Varma Arup 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBased on theoretical frameworks of resource‐based theory, dynamic capabilities, and behavioral perspective on human resource management, we developed a multidimensional construct of human resource (HR) capabilities and tested its relationship with quality of patient care using a national sample of U.S. hospitals. The data on HR capabilities were collected from senior managers (421 individuals nested in 279 hospitals) representing both the administrative and clinical sides of the hospitals. The data on quality of patient care were gathered from two unique sources—patients of 207 hospitals who reported the data via the hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey, and 421 senior managers of 279 hospitals. Our analyses using structural equation modeling suggests that the positive relationship of HR capabilities with quality of patient care is mediated by proactive behaviors of health care workers. Implications of the study findings for research and practice are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hindlimb Immobilization, But Not Castration, Induces Reduction of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Associated With Muscle Atrophy in Rats
Authors: Lin Xuzhu , Hanson Erik , Betik Andrew C , Brennan-Speranza Tara C , Hayes Alan , Levinger Itamar 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been implicated in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and function. However, whether muscle mass and strength loss in atrophic conditions is related to a reduction in ucOC is not clear. We hypothesized that both immobilization and testosterone depletion would lead to reductions in ucOC, associated with not only the degree of muscle atrophy but also changes to atrophy signaling pathway(s) in male rats. We subjected 8-week-old male Fischer (F344) rats to 7 days of hindlimb immobilization 10 days after castration surgery. Hindlimb immobilization, but not castration, resulted in a significant reduction in ucOC (30%) and lower ucOC was correlated with the degree of muscle loss and muscle weakness. ucOC levels, the expression of ucOC-sensitive receptor G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 6, member A (GPRC6A), as well as the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and 5′ adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) were associated with the expression and activity of a number of proteins in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) signaling pathways in a muscle type–specific manner. These data suggest that ucOC may have other effects on skeletal muscle in addition to its insulin sensitizing effect. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PPARγ Modulation of Cytokine‐Stimulated MUC16 (CA125) Expression in Breast and Ovarian Cancer‐Derived Cells
Authors: Morgado Micaela , Carson Daniel D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCA125 is serum tumor marker consisting of an epitope carried by a portion of the extremely large (>3 MDa), heavily glycosylated cell surface transmembrane mucin, MUC16. In malignancies, membrane bound mucins lose their polarized distribution, become aberrantly over‐expressed and protect tumor cells from the actions of chemotherapeutic agents as well as the immune system. Previously, we described stimulation of MUC16 expression by the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon γ (IFNγ), in breast and ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Herein, we show that PPARγ modulates cytokine‐stimulated MUC16 in a complex manner: at low concentrations (<10 µM) rosiglitazone further potentiates cytokine‐driven MUC16 expression while at high concentrations (>20 µM) rosiglitazone antagonizes cytokine stimulation. Rosiglitazone actions were fully reversible by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. Furthermore, siRNA‐mediated PPARγ knockdown also prevented a large portion of high dose rosiglitazone suppression of MUC16 expression indicating that rosiglitazone inhibition is largely PPARγ‐dependent. Cytokines greatly (>75%) suppressed PPARγ expression. Conversely, PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone at either low or high concentrations greatly (>75%) suppressed NFκB/p65 expression. NFκB/p65 expression was largely preserved in the presence of cytokines at low, but not high, rosiglitazone concentrations accounting for the different concentration dependent effects on MUC16 expression. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that PPARγ is an important modulator of MUC16 expression. The ability to deliver high doses of PPARγ agonists to MUC16‐expressing tumors offers an avenue to reduce expression of this protective glycoprotein and increase tumor sensitivity to killing by chemotherapeutic drugs and the immune system. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 163–171, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Regular Parallelisms of PG(3, 5)
Authors: Topalova Svetlana , Zhelezova Stela 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe construct all regular parallelisms of with automorphisms of order 3. Their number is 8. The two cyclic parallelisms found by Prince are among them. The other six ones are the first examples of noncyclic regular parallelisms and the first examples of regular parallelisms that do not belong to the infinite families of Penttila and Williams.
Augmented Activity of Cyclooxygenase‐2 in Tissue and Serum of Patients With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jawanjal Poonam , Salhan Sudha , Dhawan Indrani , Das Nirmalendu , Aggarwal Ruby , Tripathi Richa , Rath Gayatri 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundCyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) is frequently overexpressed in cervical carcinoma, but little is known about its altered serum concentration. Hence, this study evaluates clinical utility of cellular and serum level of Cox‐2 enzyme in cervical cancer.MethodsThe expression of Cox‐2 was evaluated in cervical tissues and serum samples collected from normal controls (n = 100; n = 68), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients (CIN, n = 67; n = 12), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma patients (SCCs; n = 153; n = 127) by immunohistochemical and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses.ResultsThe significant cytoplasmic overexpression of Cox‐2 was noted in 50.7% of CIN and 69.9% of SCCs as compared with normal (P = 0.0001). Serum level of Cox‐2 was also found to be elevated both in CIN (median 4.35 ng/ml) and in SCCs (median 19.39 ng/ml) with respect to normal (median 0.44 ng/ml; P = 0.0001), respectively. The ROC analysis revealed the potential of serum Cox‐2 over its cellular expression to distinguish CIN and SCCs from normal.ConclusionAugmented Cox‐2 activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, and its serum level could serve a potential to distinguish this malignancy. Therefore, it is suggested that serum Cox‐2 may be useful in monitoring the diagnosis and treatment outcome of patients.
AUC‐Guided Vancomycin Dosing in Adolescent Patients With Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Lanke Shankar , Yu Tian , Rower Joseph E. , Balch Alfred H. , Korgenski E. Kent , Sherwin Catherine M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVancomycin is a first‐line treatment for β‐lactam‐resistant Gram‐positive bacterial infections. Understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of vancomycin in an adolescent population is of clinical importance in this often overlooked pediatric population. This retrospective study investigated vancomycin PK‐PD in an adolescent cohort (12 to 18 years of age) of 463 patients (57% male, 81% white) admitted to the Intermountain Healthcare System between January 2006 and December 2013. Population PK modeling was performed in NONMEM 7.3. Vancomycin PK was well described with a 1‐compartment model that identified both body weight (WT) and creatinine clearance (CRCL) as covariates significantly impacting vancomycin disposition. The model was then utilized to determine dosing strategies that achieved the targeted area under the 24‐hour time curve vs minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0‐24/MIC) ratio of ≥400. Additionally, these data were correlated with minimum steady‐state concentrations (Css,min) to find an acceptable target trough concentration range in adolescents. This analysis demonstrated that Css,min ranging from 10 to 12.5 mg/L were highly predictive of achieving an AUC0‐24/MIC ≥400 when the MIC was ≤1 mg/L. These results suggest that the target trough concentration for adolescents may be lower than that for adults.
Cycle‐Continuous Mappings—Order Structure
Authors: Šámal Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven two graphs, a mapping between their edge‐sets is cycle‐continuous, if the preimage of every cycle is a cycle. The motivation for this definition is Jaeger's conjecture that for every bridgeless graph there is a cycle‐continuous mapping to the Petersen graph, which, if solved positively, would imply several other important conjectures (e.g., the Cycle double cover conjecture). Answering a question of DeVos, Nešetřil, and Raspaud, we prove that there exists an infinite set of graphs with no cycle‐continuous mapping between them. Further extending this result, we show that every countable poset can be represented by graphs and the existence of cycle‐continuous mappings between them.
Tight Descriptions of 3‐Paths in Normal Plane Maps
Authors: Borodin O. V. , Ivanova A. O. , Kostochka A. V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe prove that every normal plane map (NPM) has a path on three vertices (3‐path) whose degree sequence is bounded from above by one of the following triplets: (3, 3, ∞), (3,15,3), (3,10,4), (3,8,5), (4,7,4), (5,5,7), (6,5,6), (3,4,11), (4,4,9), and (6,4,7). This description is tight in the sense that no its parameter can be improved and no term dropped. We also pose a problem of describing all tight descriptions of 3‐paths in NPMs and make a modest contribution to it by showing that there exist precisely three one‐term descriptions: (5, ∞, 6), (5, 10, ∞), and (10, 5, ∞).
A Relaxed Version of the Erdős–Lovász Tihany Conjecture
Authors: Stiebitz Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Erdős–Lovász Tihany conjecture asserts that every graph G with ) contains two vertex disjoint subgraphs G1 and G2 such that and . Under the same assumption on G, we show that there are two vertex disjoint subgraphs G1 and G2 of G such that (a) and or (b) and . Here, is the chromatic number of is the clique number of G, and col(G) is the coloring number of G.
Implementation and evaluation of a “works‐in‐progress” session to promote scholarship in an academic hospitalist group
Authors: Patel Hemali , Fang Margaret C. , Harrison James D. , Auerbach Andy , Kangelaris Kirsten Neudoerffer 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDHospitalists frequently work on diverse projects, but often do not have the training and experience necessary to translate projects into peer‐reviewed publications and grants.OBJECTIVEDescribe implementation and effect of a works‐in‐progress (WIP) series on progress and training in scholarly work.DESIGNCross‐sectional survey.SETTINGUrban academic medical center.INTERVENTIONA weekly WIP session, named Incubator, serving as a forum where researchers, clinicians, and educators meet to review and provide feedback on projects underway across the Division of Hospital Medicine.MEASUREMENTSWe surveyed presenters at Incubator to evaluate the impact of Incubator on scholarly activities. Responses were based on Kirkpatrick's 4‐level training hierarchy: (1) Reaction: participants' satisfaction; (2) Learning: knowledge acquisition; (3) Behavior: application of skills; and (4) Results of projects. We compared responses between researchers and nonresearchers using χ2 tests.RESULTSOf 51 surveys completed (response rate 70%), 35 (69%) projects were nonresearcher led. Reaction, behavior change, and results were all positive, with >90% respondents reporting a positive outcome in each category, a high rate of publication/funding, and 35% reporting learning as a result of Incubator. Comparison of researchers and nonresearchers revealed no significant differences, except nonresearchers reported significantly more favorable results in behavior and mentoring (P < 0.05).DISCUSSIONA regularly scheduled, researcher‐led WIP session within a largely clinically oriented hospital medicine division can provide a venue for feedback that may promote progress and practical training in scholarly projects. In addition to robust career mentorship programs and protected time, a WIP can be an adjunct to improve scholarly output among academic hospitalists. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:719–723. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine