bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Spectroscopic Observation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Shifts in Carbenes.
Authors: MCMAHON R. J. , CHAPMAN O. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTriplet o‐tolylmethylene (II) decays thermally to singlet o‐xylylene (III) in an argon matrix at temp. as low as 4.6 K. The thermal intramolecular (1,4)‐hydrogen shift is observed directly by IR and UV spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 1‐Naphthols by Lead Tetraacetate in Acetic Acid.
Authors: GREENLAND H. , PINHEY J. T. , STERNHELL S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPb(OAc)4 oxidation of the naphthol (Ia) gives the acetoxy derivative (Ib) and the diacetoxynaphthalenone (II) as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Involving the Reactions of Organocuprates with β‐Alkylthio α,β‐Enones.
Authors: DIETER R. K. , SILKS L. A. III 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEffects on the reaction of the vinylogous thiol esters (I) and (VI) with the organocuprates (II) or (III) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reverse Transmetalation: A Strategy for Obtaining Certain Otherwise Difficultly Accessible Organometallics.
Authors: EATON P. E. , CUNKLE G. T. , MARCHIORO G. , MARTIN R. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the cubanecarboxamide (Ia) with the lithium piperidide (II) under equilibrating conditions gives only 3% of the lithium derivative (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentenone Derivatives by Solvolysis of 2‐Furylidene Carbinols.
Authors: ANTONIOLETTI R. , DE MICO A. , PIANCATELLI G. , SCETTRI A. , URSINI O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSolvolytic treatment of 2‐furylidene carbinols (I) and (III) leads to cyclopentenones (II) and (IV) in satisfactory yields only under carefully chosen experimental conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tobacco Smoke Chemistry. Part 1. A Chemical and Mass Spectrometric Study of Tobacco Smoke Alkyl 2‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones.
Authors: ARNARP J. , ENZELL C. , PETERSSON K. , PETTERSSON T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones (III), (VI), (X)/(XI), which comprise biologically and organoleptically active compounds, are synthesized starting from the dinitrile (I) or the enol ethers (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of gem‐Dihalocyclopropanes. Part 22. Intramolecular Addition of Cyclopropylidenes to Aliphatic and Aromatic Double Bonds. A Synthesis of 2‐Alkenyltropones.
Authors: SKATTEBOL L. , NILSEN N. O. , MYHREN F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the gem‐dibromopropanes (I) (known compounds) or (V) with MeLi gives rise to intramolecular cycloaddition as well as ring opening to give allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylation of Bridgehead Carboxylic Acids by the Barton Procedure.
Authors: DELLA E. W. , TSANAKTSIDIS J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the diester (I) with half an equiv. of Ba(OH)2 in 80% aqueous methanol gives the monoester (II), which is transformed to the acid chloride (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol Additions to Dissymmetrical 1,4‐Diarylsulfonyl‐2‐butynes ‐ Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity.
Authors: THYAGARAJAN B. S. , WOOD B. F. JUN. , GLOWIENKA J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 1‐chloro‐4‐arylsulfonyl‐2‐butynes (I) are converted to the disulfonyl derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroindenes. Part 9. Preparation of Bromine Containing Polyfluoroindenes and Their Reaction with Oleum.
Authors: KARPOV V. M. , MEZHENKOVA T. V. , PLATONOV V. E. , YAKOBSON G. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe polyfluorinated indans (I) react with aluminum tribromide to give the bromo compounds (II) ‐ (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Defined Adrenergic Agents. Part 4. 1‐(Aminomethyl)phthalans: Synthesis and Pharmacological Consequences of the Phthalan Ring Oxygen Atom.
Authors: DEBERNARDIS J. F. , ARENDSEN D. L. , KYNCL J. J. , KERKMAN D. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of aminomethylphthalans (V) and (X) is synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Alkylation of 3‐Substituted 3‐Sulfolenes.
Authors: TAO Y.‐T. , LIU C.‐L. , LEE S.‐J. , CHOU S.‐S. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe anions, formed from the sulfolenes (Ia) and (Ib) by treatment with butyllithium, are methylated in 2‐position to yield the sulfolenes (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Ketotetrahydrothiophene Derivatives.
Authors: ZAV'YALOV S. I. , DOROFEEVA O. V. , TAGANOVA O. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 3‐ketotetrahydrothiophenecarboxylates (VII) are prepared by acylation of Meldrum's acid (I) with S‐acetylthioglycolic chloride (II), followed by alcoholysis and reaction with the aldehydes (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo‐(1,2‐a)indazolium Derivatives.
Authors: FUJIMURA Y. , SHIRAKI Y. , NAWATA Y. , MATSUNAGA J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (I) are synthesized from substituted indazoles by different reaction pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Photoisomerization of a Cyclic Sulfonamide.
Authors: DOEPP D. + , KRUEGER C. + , LAUTERFELD P. , RAABE E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotoisomerization of the sulfonamide (Ia) gives the benzothiazole oxide (IIa) (space group Pbcn, Z = 8).
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Telomerization of Vinyltrimethylsilane with Substituted 1,3‐Dioxanes.
Authors: MAKAEVA R. M. , MUSAVIROV R. S. , TERENT'EV A. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe di‐tert‐butyl peroxide‐initialized reaction of 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane (I) with the vinylsilane (II) produces the insertion products (III) and (IV), together with the ring cleavage products (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Lactam Acetals as Potential Enamine Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 3. The Sarcosinanhydride‐monolactamacetal System in Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: MOEHRLE H. + , DWULETZKI H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe compound (I) is transformed to the acetal (II) (no yield given) which equilibrates with the electronically activated pyrazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Concave Building Block for the Synthesis of Organic Hosts.
Authors: SMEETS J. W. H. , SIJBESMA R. P. , NIELE F. G. M. , SPEK A. L. , SMEETS W. J. J. , NOLTE R. J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of (I) with paraformaldehyde (II) and then with (III) yields the target compounds (IV), possessing a U‐like conformation with the phenyl substituents situated on the convex side of the molecule (X‐ray analysis of (IVa): space group P1 with Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Seven‐Membered Ring Compounds. Part 30. Synthesis and Properties of 4‐Methoxy‐1,5‐benzothiazepine, a Simple Derivative of the 1,4‐Thiazepine Ring System.
Authors: HOFMANN H. , FISCHER H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractcis‐Addition of the aniline (I) to the acid (II) and subsequent cyclization with propanephosphonic acid anhydride gives rise to formation of the benzothiazepine (III) in 39% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Structural Form of Tin in an Oxygen‐Capped Cluster.
Authors: DAY R. O. , HOLMES J. M. , CHANDRASEKHAR V. , HOLMES R. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of diphenylphosphinic acid with n‐butylstannnoic acid yields a new structural form of tin in the cluster (I) (yield: 90%).
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic Behavior of (Fe(C5Me5)2)·+(TCNE).times± Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Decamethylferrocenium Tetracyanoethenide, (Fe(C5Me5)2)·+(TCNE).times±times.MeCN, and Decamethylferrocenium Pentacyanopropenide, (Fe(C5Me5)2)·+(C3(CN)5)‐.
Authors: MILLER J. S. , CALABRESE J. C. , ROMMELMANN H. , CHITTIPEDDI S. R. , ZHANG J. H. , REIFF W. M. , EPSTEIN A. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of Fe(C5Me5)2 and tetracyanoethylene, TCNE, leads to the isolation of the two title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: CC Linkages of Ethene with CO2 on an Iron(0) Complex ‐ Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of ((PEt3)2Fe(C2H4)2).
Authors: HOBERG H. , JENNI K. , ANGERMUND K. , KRUEGER C. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Fe(0) title complex (II) is obtained as shown and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis (space group C2/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Electrophilic Reactions of Chrysanthemic Acid Derivatives with Unsaturated Organosilanes. An Application to Synthesis of Modified Types of C15 and C20 Isoprenoids with Non‐Head‐to‐Tail Linkages.
Authors: OHNO M. , MATSUOKA S. , EGUCHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of chrysanthemyl silyl ether (I) with the allylic silanes (II) in the presence of TiCl4 selectively forms the ring opening products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Routes to Two Functionalized Decalones for the Synthesis of Quassinoids.
Authors: ZIEGLER F. E. , HWANG K.‐J. , KADOW J. F. , KLEIN S. I. , PATI U. K. , WANG T.‐F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract(+)‐Cervone (I) is reduced and then coupled with the ketone (II) to give 6‐epi‐α‐cyperone (III) which is subjected to twofold lithium bronze reduction, yielding the alcohol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Hypochlorite‐Promoted Transformations of Trichothecenes. Part 2. Fragmentation‐Rearrangement of the Primary Product from Verrucarol.
Authors: BURROWS E. P. , SZAFRANIEC L. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hemiacetal (I), prepared from verrucarol on treatment with hypochlorite, reacts with sodium hydroxide to yield the products (IIa), (IIb), and (III) as a result of fragmentation and rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Amino Acids from Glucuronolactone: Enantiospecific Syntheses of (2S,3R,4R,5S)‐Trihydroxypipecolic Acid (VIIa), (2R,3R,4R,5S)‐Trihydroxypipecolic Acid (III) (2R,3R,4R)‐Dihydroxyproline (IV).
Authors: BASHYAL B. P. , CHOW H.‐F. , FELLOWS L. E. , FLEET G. W. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acetonide (I), readily available from glucuronolactone, is transformed to its derivative (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Diels‐Alder Based Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Podophyllotoxin.
Authors: MACDONALD D. I. , DURST T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe carbamate (III), prepared from (I) and the isocyanate (II), is thermally cleaved to form an o‐quinodimethane which undergoes stereoselective intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction, yielding (IVa) as the main product.
ChemInform Abstract: New Lumibleomycin‐Containing Thiazolylisothiazole Ring.
Authors: MORII T. , SAITO I. , MATSUURA T. , KUWAHARA J. , SUGIURA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile photopeplomycin (Ib) is the main product of the photoisomerization of a 1:1 peplomycin (Ia)‐Cu2+ complex, a 1:5 (Ia)‐Cu2+ complex enhances the formation of the by‐product (Ic) (yield 30%).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,4‐Diaminocyclitol Antibiotics. Part 1. Synthesis of 4′‐Hydroxyfortimicin D.
Authors: KANAI K. , SAKAMOTO I. , MIYAMOTO Y. , OGAWA S. , SUAMI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 4'‐hydroxy analogue (VII) of fortimicin D is synthesized as shown.
Dopamine receptor polymorphism modulates the relation between antenatal maternal anxiety and fetal movement
Authors: Kaitz Marsha , Mankuta David , Rokem Ann Marie , Faraone Stephen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe determined whether the combination of fetal genotype (dopamine D4 receptor; DRD4) and mothers’ anxiety during pregnancy is associated with fetal behavior. Two hundred and six pregnant women underwent an ultrasound exam. Fetal movement measures (Movement Frequency, Total Activity, Movement Duration, and Longest Quiet Time) were derived from off‐line coding. A moderating role of the DRD4‐III polymorphism was found: Results indicate that higher levels of antenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were associated with more frequent fetal movements among fetuses carrying a 7R allele, but not among fetuses carrying shorter alleles. Total Activity did not show full moderation by DRD4, though the measure was correlated with maternal anxiety among fetuses in the Anxious Group with a 7R allele; not among fetuses without both factors. The findings provide the first evidence of a GXE interaction in association with fetal behavior. Results also demonstrate that some individuals are inherently more susceptible to uterine environmental influences than are others.
Reservoir Operation in View of Effective Utilization of Limited Water in Semi‐Arid Areas The Case of Gumsalasa Earthen Dam Irrigation Scheme in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Eyasu Yazew , Schultz Bart , Depeweg Herman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTigray is one of the semi‐arid and drought‐prone regions of Ethiopia. The rainfed agriculture is characterized by low productivity and the region faces an average annual cereal food deficit of 180 000 t. Realizing these problems, the regional government has been engaged in earthen dam irrigation development activities since 1995. So far 44 earthen dams with related irrigation facilities have been constructed.The Gumsalasa earthen dam was constructed in 1995 with a reservoir capacity of 1.9 million m3, which irrigates about 67 ha. In Tigray the main irrigation season starts in January, which is four months after the end of the main rainy season. The reservoir is therefore exposed to evaporation during these four months. This demands formulation and implementation of an operational plan that can reduce losses and increase the benefits. In this regard, a change in reservoir operation from the present (January–June) to the proposed (September–January) has shown the possibility of increasing the irrigated area and the number of farmers. This indicates the potential of the proposed change to contribute towards regional food security if it is practised at existing and future earthen dam irrigation schemes in Tigray. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benthic nitrogen regeneration, fixation, and denitrification in a temperate, eutrophic lake: Effects on the nitrogen budget and cyanobacteria blooms
Authors: McCarthy Mark J. , Gardner Wayne S. , Lehmann Moritz F. , Guindon Alexandre , Bird David F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNitrogen (N) transformations and fluxes at the sediment‐water interface (SWI) were measured in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain, to clarify the role of N in cyanobacterial blooms in temperate, eutrophic lakes. N sources (e.g., N fixation and tributary inputs), sinks (e.g., denitrification/anammox), and internal “links” (e.g., dissimilatory
reduction to
; DNRA) were evaluated at a river discharge (PRM) and in the central basin (MB). Sediments were a more effective
sink at PRM than MB. Sediments at both sites were a net
source to the water column, but DNRA was not a consistent
regeneration pathway. Net N2 production at PRM in summer reversed to net N2 consumption/fixation in fall. MB sediments produced N2 at lower rates than PRM; these rates also reversed late in the season. Denitrification was limited by
, especially at MB, and anammox may have contributed up to 10% of total N2 production. Sediment N2 fixation occurred simultaneously with denitrification throughout the ice‐free season and, on average, compensated 25–30% of total microbial N losses. A bottom‐water hypoxia event at MB in early July 2009 altered the N cycle, with lower actual denitrification rates and higher
effluxes (not from DNRA), while phosphorus (P) flux was unaffected. The hypoxia‐altered N transformation pathways enhanced N bioavailability (but not P) and may have contributed to a non‐N‐fixing cyanobacterial bloom (Microcystis) observed 5 d later. A preliminary N budget incorporating sediment and water column sources and sinks and external loads suggested an ecosystem‐wide N deficit.
Climate change effects on crop evapotranspiration in the Carpathian Region from 1961 to 2010
Authors: Nistor Mărgărit‐Mircea , Gualtieri Alessandro F. , Cheval Sorin , Dezsi Ştefan , Boţan Vanessa Elena 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the annual and seasonal crop evapotranspiration at the spatial level of the Carpathian Region were evaluated over 1961–2010. The temperature, precipitation and actual evapotranspiration grid monthly climate data and land cover were analysed and processed on a seasonal basis to compute the annual crop evapotranspiration. The land cover evapotranspiration rate was assigned through evapotranspiration coefficients from the literature. Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, such as conversions from vector to raster data and the ‘Raster Calculator’ function, were used to assess the spatial distribution of the crop evapotranspiration at a regional scale.In particular, two datasets from different periods (1961–1990 and 1990–2010) were used to compute the seasonal and annual crop evapotranspiration for the Carpathian region. The results of climate parameters indicate a rise in temperature and crop evapotranspiration values between the first and the second period. In addition, significant spatial changes were observed with a shift of maximum values from south to north.
A School Passport as Part of a Protocol to Assist Educational Reintegration After Medulloblastoma Treatment in Childhood
Authors: Tresman Rachel , Brown Morven , Fraser Faye , Skinner Roderick , Bailey Simon 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children and is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These children frequently experience long‐term cognitive, social and physical sequelae, which significantly affect school reintegration.AimThis study aimed to explore school‐return experiences to create a more structured school reintegration protocol for children postmedulloblastoma.MethodsA cohort of nine patients who had completed treatment and for whom full neuropsychometric data were available was included in the study (median time since diagnosis 8 years). Data were collected using qualitative parental questionnaires, semistructured interviews with teachers (n = 12) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (n = 6) involved in their school reintegration. Thematic analysis was employed. A focus group with five HCPs was then used for data validation.ResultsThis study uncovered the following four main subjects: (1) Information sharing; (2) education and empowerment (of educational professionals (EP) and parents); (3) communication between parents, HCPs and EPs; and (4) long‐term difficulties.DiscussionImplementation of a standardised protocol delivered within the structure of a school passport document would aid uniform follow‐up. The proposed multistage protocol includes early communication and reintegration planning followed by meetings at school re‐entry. Follow‐up meetings are suggested to reduce information loss and reassess the child's needs. Hospital support at school transitions, inclusion of school data in long‐term clinical follow‐up and long‐term rehabilitation are also recommended. Each stage would be supported by school passport documentation and would facilitate school and parental empowerment, paramount to the long‐term sustainability of successful schooling.
(Mis)communicating climate change? Why online adaptation databases may fail to catalyze adaptation action
Authors: Mitchell Carrie L. , Burch Sarah L. , Driscoll Patrick A. 
Published: May 2016

Over the last decade a plethora of action‐oriented research projects has been conducted in developing countries, exploring how to effectively adapt to the anticipated impacts of climate change. Many intergovernmental agencies and development organizations have chosen to disseminate their research results via online databases. It is unclear, however, whether these databases are useful in terms of actual adaptation planning and implementation. A systematic review of online databases has found at least 64 databases and tools online related to climate change adaptation. Despite the abundance of databases, this analysis reveals that the existing body of online databases generally lack the structure and mechanics to identify, extract, and synthesize both effective and ineffective climate change adaptation practices, projects, programs, and policies. Even relatively basic information, such as identification of projects’ projected versus actual costs is absent, which are crucial decision‐making criteria particularly in developing country contexts where resource constraints are significant. In this paper we evaluate these online tools with a focus on identifying features that potentially could contribute to knowledge sharing and successful exchange of climate change adaptation projects and practices within a developing country context. We conclude the paper with recommendations for how to improve efforts to communicate climate change research, such as more nuanced needs assessments of potential users of databases. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:600–613. doi: 10.1002/wcc.401This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Clinical characteristics of congenital cervical atresia and associated endometriosis among 96 patients
Authors: Song Xiaochen , Zhu Lan , Ding Jing , Xu Tao , Lang Jinghe 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the anatomic variety of congenital cervical atresia and to explore the relationship between this disorder and pelvic endometriosis.MethodsIn a retrospective study, records were reviewed for 96 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of congenital cervical atresia treated at a center in Beijing, China, between January 1984 and October 2014. Data on demographic parameters, symptoms, anatomic features, and endometriosis were obtained and analyzed.ResultsOf the 96 patients, 54 (56%) had pelvic endometriosis, 23 (24%) had a uterine malformation, 75 (78%) had a vaginal malformation, and 12 (13%) had a urinary malformation. The patients with a delay from first symptoms to surgery of more than 1 year had a higher incidence of endometriosis than did those with a delay of 1 year or less (45/71 [63%] vs 7/23 [30%];P= 0.006), and this trend was not related to the severity of endometriosis (P= 0.658). Among the 31 patients with unilateral endometrial cysts, 20 (65%) had left‐sided cysts and 11 (35%) had right‐sided cysts (P= 0.005).ConclusionMore than half of patients with congenital cervical atresia had pelvic endometriosis. Early diagnosis and surgery seem to be necessary to prevent endometriosis among patients with congenital cervical atresia.
Corporate Reorganization Reform in China: Findings from an Empirical Study in Zhejiang
Authors: ZHANG Zinian , TOMASIC Roman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn 2006, China enacted its first rescue-orientedEnterprise Bankruptcy Lawwith the aim of establishing its corporate rescue culture. But the corporate reorganization procedure that is at the heart of the new bankruptcy law has not been used frequently. It is appropriate to ask why the use of China’s new corporate rescue law has been so low. Meanwhile, in the existing corporate reorganizations under the 2006Law, most debtors were excluded from the reorganization process, so that the Chinese new debtor-in-possession model, which seems to be a desirable control format, was largely shelved. Why so? This article explores these two issues through the use of empirical data collected from Zhejiang, a province with a significantly larger number of reorganizations than most other Chinese provinces.
‘If not for you’. The nation state as an archaeological context
Authors: Schlanger Nathan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRather than being bashed around in view of its contents, the nation state – or at least the ‘state’ part of this compound term – needs to be cherished for the context it provides. Without the state, instilling regulations, procedures and common purpose, archaeology will not really thrive. This is confirmed through an exemplary case study, namely the seemingly measured and consensual retrenchment of the state occurring in England over the past 25 years. A brief presentation of the structure of English archaeology serves to highlight the situation of each of its main sectors, commercial contractors, curators at local levels and national bodies. Recent changes at the last level, involving English Heritage Trust and Historic England, highlight the risks posed by state disengagement, by funding withdrawal and by the enforced commercialization of public services.