bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and prognostic value of human prion detection in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Foutz Aaron , Appleby Brian S. , Hamlin Clive , Liu Xiaoqin , Yang Sheng , Cohen Yvonne , Chen Wei , Blevins Janis , Fausett Cameron , Wang Han , Gambetti Pierluigi , Zhang Shulin , Hughson Andrew , Tatsuoka Curtis , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Cohen Mark L. , Caughey Byron , Safar Jiri G. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveSeveral prion amplification systems have been proposed for detection of prions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), most recently, the measurements of prion seeding activity with second‐generation real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC). The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of the RT‐QuIC prion test in the broad phenotypic spectrum of prion diseases.MethodsWe performed CSF RT‐QuIC testing in 2,141 patients who had rapidly progressive neurological disorders, determined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in 272 cases that were autopsied, and evaluated the impact of mutations and polymorphisms in the PRNP gene, and type 1 or type 2 human prions on diagnostic performance.ResultsThe 98.5% diagnostic specificity and 92% sensitivity of CSF RT‐QuIC in a blinded retrospective analysis matched the 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity of a blind prospective study. The CSF RT‐QuIC differentiated 94% of cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) MM1 from the sCJD MM2 phenotype, and 80% of sCJD VV2 from sCJD VV1. The mixed prion type 1‐2 and cases heterozygous for codon 129 generated intermediate CSF RT‐QuIC patterns, whereas genetic prion diseases revealed distinct profiles for each PRNP gene mutation.InterpretationThe diagnostic performance of the improved CSF RT‐QuIC is superior to surrogate marker tests for prion diseases such as 14‐3‐3 and tau proteins, and together with PRNP gene sequencing the test allows the major prion subtypes to be differentiated in vivo. This differentiation facilitates prediction of the clinicopathological phenotype and duration of the disease—two important considerations for envisioned therapeutic interventions. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:79–92
Stabilität von Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Einfluss der Substitution von A‐Kation und X‐Anion
Authors: Wang Ze , Shi Zejiao , Li Taotao , Chen Yonghua , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeit einigen Jahren entwickeln sich Metall‐organische Trihalogenidperowskite zu aussichtsreichen Materialien für kostengünstige, flexible und hocheffiziente Solarzellen. Vor einer möglichen gewerblichen Nutzung müssen aber für die organisch‐anorganischen Hybrid‐Perowskitmaterialien trotz ihrer Verarbeitungsvorteile die Probleme einer schlechten Stabilität gegen Feuchtigkeit, Wärme, Licht und Sauerstoff gelöst werden. Hier besprechen wir den aktuellen Stand der Forschung und behandeln aktuelle Fortschritte zum Verbessern der chemischen Stabilität von Perowskit‐Materialien durch Substitution von A‐Kation und X‐Anion. Dabei soll der Weg zu einem rationalen Design von Perowskit‐Materialien geebnet werden, mit denen Perowskit‐Solarzellen mit besserer Stabilität erhalten werden können.
Ein isosteres und fluoreszierendes DNA‐Basenpaar aus 4‐Aminophthalimid und 2,4‐Diaminopyrimidin als C‐Nucleoside
Authors: Merkel Marcus , Dehmel Lars , Ernsting Nikolaus P. , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEine 13mer DNA‐Duplexstruktur, die in zentraler Position das artifizielle Basenpaar aus 4‐Aminophthalimid und 2,4‐Diaminopyrimidin (4AP:DAP) enthält, wurde mithilfe optischer Spektroskopie und NMR‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die Fluoreszenz von 4AP weist eine große Stokes‐Verschiebung von Δλ=124 nm und eine Quantenausbeute vonΦF=0.24 auf. Die NMR‐Struktur zeigt zwei Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den Nucleosiden und bestätigt die künstliche Basenpaarung. Im Unterschied dazu bevorzugt der 4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminophthalimid‐Rest die syn‐Konformation in DNA. Entsprechend ist die Fluoreszenzintensität dieses Chromophors in DNA sehr gering, und die NMR‐Struktur zeigt keine Bindung mit dem DAP. Primerverlängerungsexperimente mit DNA‐Polymerasen ergaben, dass das 4AP‐Nucleosid nicht nur an der gewünschten Position gegenüber vom DAP des Templats eingebaut wird, sondern auch bis zum Volllängenprodukt überwunden wird. Die dabei beobachtete Selektivität stützt die NMR‐Resultate.
Enantioselective (4+2) Annulation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclobutanes by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Levens Alison , Ametovski Adam , Lupton David W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein we report the enantioselective (4+2) annulation of donor–acceptor cyclobutanes and unsaturated acyl fluorides using N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The reaction allows a 3‐step synthesis of cyclohexyl β‐lactones (25 examples) in excellent chemical yield (most ≥90 %) and stereochemical integrity (all >20:1 d.r., most ≥97:3 e.r.). Mechanistic studies support ester enolate Claisen rearrangement, while derivatizations provide functionalized cyclohexenes and dihydroquinolinones.
Von Chlorophyll abstammende gelbe Phyllobiline höherer Pflanzen als umgebungsgesteuerte, chirale Photoschalter
Authors: Li Chengjie , Wurst Klaus , Jockusch Steffen , Gruber Karl , Podewitz Maren , Liedl Klaus R. , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDas Farbenspiel des Herbsts ist ein Zeichen des Chlorophyllabbaus, der in Pflanzen die Phyllobiline erzeugt. Die Phyllobiline im Herbstlaub sind meist farblos, doch treten auch gelbe Phyllobiline (Phylloxanthobiline) auf. Wie hier gezeigt, sind Phylloxanthobiline einzigartige, vierstufige Photoschalter, deren Schaltmodus durch ihre Umgebung gesteuert wird. In polaren Medien sind Phylloxanthobiline monomer und durchlaufen eine photoreversible Z/E‐Isomerisierung, ähnlich wie Bilirubin. Im Unterschied zu diesem photodimerisieren jedoch Phylloxanthobilin‐Z‐Isomere dank ihrer Selbststrukturierung in apolarer Lösung (die auch in Kristallen ähnlich auftritt) durch regio‐ und stereospezifische thermoreversible [2+2]‐Cycloaddition. Erstmals wurden die Stereostruktur eines Phylloxanthobilins und seine H‐gebundene, selbststrukturierende Architektur aufgeklärt, die seine Photoschalter‐Eigenschaften deuten ließ. Das chemische Verhalten der Phylloxanthobiline ist wegweisend für die Identifikation biologischer Rollen von Phyllobilinen
Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Prospective on the Substitution of the A Cation and X Anion
Authors: Wang Ze , Shi Zejiao , Li Taotao , Chen Yonghua , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn recent years, organometal trihalide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for low‐cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar cells. Despite their processing advantages, before the technology can be commercialized the poor stability of the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials with regard to humidity, heat, light, and oxygen has be to overcome. Herein, we distill the current state‐of‐the‐art and highlight recent advances in improving the chemical stability of perovskite materials by substitution of the A‐cation and X‐anion. Our hope is to pave the way for the rational design of perovskite materials to realize perovskite solar cells with unprecedented improvement in stability.
Chlorophyll‐Derived Yellow Phyllobilins of Higher Plants as Medium‐Responsive Chiral Photoswitches
Authors: Li Chengjie , Wurst Klaus , Jockusch Steffen , Gruber Karl , Podewitz Maren , Liedl Klaus R. , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fall colors are signs of chlorophyll breakdown, the biological process in plants that generates phyllobilins. Most of the abundant natural phyllobilins are colorless, but yellow phyllobilins (phylloxanthobilins) also occur in fall leaves. As shown here, phylloxanthobilins are unique four‐stage photoswitches. Which switching mode is turned on is controlled by the molecular environment. In polar media, phylloxanthobilins are monomeric and undergo photoreversible Z/E isomerization, similar to that observed for bilirubin. Unlike bilirubin, however, the phylloxanthobilin Z isomers photodimerize in apolar solvents by regio‐ and stereospecific thermoreversible [2+2] cycloadditions from self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded dimers. X‐ray analysis revealed the first stereostructure of a phylloxanthobilin and its hydrogen‐bonded self‐templating architecture, helping to rationalize its exceptional photoswitch features. The chemical behavior of phylloxanthobilins will play a seminal role in identifying biological roles of phyllobilins.
Strategic Utilization of Multifunctional Carbene for Direct Synthesis of Carboxylic–Phosphinic Mixed Anhydride from CO2
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Asada Takahiro , Hazra Sunit , Kinoshita Takuya , Sombut Panukorn , Kumar Ravindra , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDirect synthesis of carboxylic–phosphinic mixed anhydrides has been achieved by treating carbon dioxide with N‐phosphine oxide‐substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) that contain both nucleophilic carbene and electrophilic phosphorus moieties. This novel mixed anhydride was efficiently derivatized into an ester, an amide, and an unsymmetrical ketone via transformation into its corresponding imidazolium salt followed by a dual substitution reaction. The presented work used well‐designed multifunctional carbene reagents to establish a novel utility for carbon dioxide in organic synthesis.
Effect of bimetallic NiW modified crystalline ZSM‐5 zeolite on catalytic conversion of crude palm oil and identification of biofuel products
Authors: Subsadsana Maliwan , Sangdara Pakpoom , Ruangviriyachai Chalerm 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, the catalytic performance of bimetallic NiW modified ZSM‐5 catalysts for hydrocracking conversion of crude palm oil is presented. Crystalline ZSM‐5 zeolites with precisely controlled SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (SARs) of 30, 50, 70 and 100 were successfully synthesized from kaolin via the hydrothermal method. To enhance their catalytic activity, as‐prepared zeolites were modified with Ni, W and NiW by the impregnation technique. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques. The total amount of Ni and W in the catalysts was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique and found to be in the range of 3.08–3.16 and 5.88–6.39 wt%, respectively. These NiW‐ZSM‐5 catalysts showed good activity for the production of biofuels, and their catalytic activity decreased in the order NiW‐ZSM‐5 > Ni‐ZSM‐5 > W‐ZSM‐5 > ZSM‐5. The incorporation of NiW improved the production of both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation hydrocarbon compounds. Moreover, the different SARs in ZSM‐5 zeolite also affected the catalytic activity and NiW‐ZSM‐5 with SAR of 50 gave an excellent conversion (96.20%). Additionally, the types of the obtained hydrocarbon products were identified as gasoline (C5–C10), kerosene (C9–C11) and diesel (C10–C20) by simulated distillation gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More wear‐resistant and ductile UHMWPE composite prepared by the addition of radiation crosslinked UHMWPE powder
Authors: Wang Honglong , Xu Lu , Zhang Mingxing , Li Rong , Xing Zhe , Hu Jiangtao , Wang Mouhua , Wu Guozhong 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRadiation crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (X‐UHMWPE) powder was prepared by γ‐ray irradiation under nitrogen atmosphere with a dose of 50–200 kGy at a dose rate of 7 kGy/h and further annealing in vacuum at 120 °C for 4 h. The crosslinked powder was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, gel content, and hot‐press molding. Then, X‐UHMWPE was added to pristine UHMWPE to prepare a composite with 0–25 wt % filler. The morphology, wear resistance, and tensile property of the composite were investigated. Using X‐UHMWPE as a filler could sufficiently improve the wear resistance of the composite. Adding 25 wt % X‐UHMWPE (dose: 150 kGy) improved wear resistance by 130% and retained approximately 90% tensile strength and 70% ductility. Wear‐resistant and ductile UHMWPE composite may be potentially used for artificial joint replacement and engineering devices. The proposed route is useful in fabricating UHMWPE material with excellent comprehensive performance or functional polymer composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44643.
Tunable wettability and tensile strength of chitosan membranes using keratin microparticles as reinforcement
Authors: Ma Bomou , Chen Weixin , Qiao Xue , Pan Gangwei , Jakpa Wizi , Hou Xiuliang , Yang Yiqi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTKeratin particles with microscale are prepared by ball mill and its influences on the chitosan membrane is evaluated. Composite membranes with various content of keratin are fabricated, and their physical and chemical properties such as morphology, wettability, crystallization, thermal stability, tensile strength, and break elongation are investigated. Optical microscope and situ topographic scan mode of nano‐test system are used to examine the dispersion and aggregation of keratin on the surface of chitosan membrane. The result of contact angle (CA) and mechanical testing show that the incorporation of keratin particles decrease the CA from 98.1° to 58.2°. Tensile strength and break elongation of the composite membrane reaches a maximum of 65 ± 8 MPa and 15% when the keratin content is 6%, an increase of 80% and 88% compared with the pristine chitosan membrane. Both the increase in tensile strength and break elongation is result of the incorporation of keratin particles known for their excellent compatibility between keratin and chitosan matrix. These kind of composite material combines the antibacterial properties of chitosan with cell culture preference of keratin which may have potential biomedical application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44667.
On the Use of Fluxgate 3‐Axis Magnetometers in Archaeology: Application with a Multi‐sensor Device on the Site of Qasr ‘Allam in the Western Desert of Egypt
Authors: Gavazzi Bruno , Alkhatib‐Alkontar Rozan , Munschy Marc , Colin Frédéric , Duvette Catherine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFluxgate 3‐axis magnetometers are seldom used on archaeological sites due to their lack of precision. Nonetheless, they offer light weight, low power consumption and the ability of compensation of the magnetization of the prospecting device. This study proposes to use calibration and compensation processes developed for space research and aerial measurement to build a multi‐sensor and georeferenced device to assess deep and shallow objects for large‐scale archaeological investigations in Qasr 'Allam, in a context of heavy sedimentary coverage and uneven surface. The use of the device on the site in combination with potential field transformations of the signal such as the double reduction to the pole and the vertical derivative reveal a vast irrigation system as well as a large religious facility. A comparison with gradiometric measurements shows a resolution as good at least for shallow sources. The precise positioning allows targeted excavations that validate the geophysical interpretations and offer new archaeological information. These discoveries give enough proof to the local authorities to define the area to be protected from the threatening progression of agricultural fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: Relationship Between Serum Infliximab Concentrations and Risk of Infections in Patients Treated for Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Bejan‐Angoulvant Theodora , Ternant David , Daoued Fadela , Medina Frédéric , Bernard Louis , Mammou Saloua , Paintaud Gilles , Mulleman Denis 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTumor necrosis factor inhibitors are effective in reducing inflammation in rheumatic diseases but increase the risk of infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the trough serum concentration of infliximab (IFX) and the risk of a first infection episode.MethodsWe retrospectively included all patients who started IFX treatment for an approved indication in our department. Patients were followed up based on recommended IFX infusion schedules. We studied the relationship between the occurrence of a first infection episode requiring hospitalization, anti‐infection treatment, or IFX infusion deferral, and the last trough IFX concentration and mean of the last 3 trough IFX concentrations measured before the infection episode.ResultsOf the 201 patients included in the analysis, 173 had spondyloarthritis (SpA). The SpA patients had a mean ± SD age of 46 ± 12 years and a disease duration of 6.2 ± 6.1 years. During a median follow‐up of 1.1 year, 87 SpA patients had at least 1 infection episode. Using Cox models, we found that the probability of survival without infection was significantly higher in patients with a mean of the last 3 trough IFX concentrations lower than the median (<11.3 mg/liter) than in patients with a mean concentration greater than the median (P = 0.048 by log‐rank test). Glucocorticoid use and IFX concentration were significantly associated with the risk of a first infection episode in the multivariable analysis (P = 0.004 for both). The risk of infection episode was significantly increased in the highest quartile of the mean of the last 3 trough IFX concentrations (>20.3 mg/liter) (hazard ratio 2.65 [95% confidence interval 1.14–6.14], P = 0.023).ConclusionOur findings indicate that a high IFX concentration is correlated with a higher risk of a first infection episode, but these findings need to be replicated in further prospective studies.
Robust Stabilization of Nonlinear PVTOL Aircraft with Parameter Uncertainties
Authors: Yu‐Chan Chen , Bao‐Li Ma , Wen‐Jing Xie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, the stabilization control problem is investigated for the planar vertical take‐off and landing (PVTOL) aircraft with unknown model parameters. To cope with the challenges caused by non‐minimum phase and parametric uncertainties, a new appropriate output, different from the general centroid position output, is carefully constructed to ensure the zero dynamics asymptotically stable, then the sliding‐mode technique is applied to design a state feedback control law. The proposed robust control law is proved able to asymptotically stabilize the PVTOL aircraft to the desired fixed position with null velocities and roll angle despite the unknown model parameters. Simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Maternal autoimmune disease and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Browne Marilyn L. , Van Zutphen Alissa R. , Richardson Sandra D. , Blossom Sarah J. , Broussard Cheryl S. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Druschel Charlotte M. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about the association between maternal autoimmune disease or its treatment and the risk of birth defects. We examined these associations using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi‐site, population‐based, case–control study.MethodsAnalyses included 25,116 case and 9897 unaffected control infants with estimated delivery dates between 1997 and 2009. Information on autoimmune disease, medication use, and other pregnancy exposures was collected by means of telephone interview. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for birth defects with five or more exposed cases; crude ORs and exact 95% CIs were estimated for birth defects with three to four exposed cases.ResultsAutoimmune disease was reported by 373 mothers (279 case and 94 control mothers). The majority of birth defects evaluated were not associated with autoimmune disease; however, a statistically significant association between maternal autoimmune disease and encephalocele was observed (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.95–11.04). Eighty‐two mothers with autoimmune disease used an immune modifying/suppressing medication during pregnancy; this was associated with encephalocele (OR, 7.26; 95% CI, 1.37–24.61) and atrial septal defects (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.16–7.80).ConclusionOur findings suggest maternal autoimmune disease and treatment are not associated with the majority of birth defects, but may be associated with some defects, particularly encephalocele. Given the low prevalence of individual autoimmune diseases and the rare use of specific medications, we were unable to examine associations of specific autoimmune diseases and medications with birth defects. Other studies are needed to confirm these findings. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:950–962, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterizing facial features in individuals with craniofacial microsomia: A systematic approach for clinical research
Authors: Heike Carrie L. , Wallace Erin , Speltz Matthew L. , Siebold Babette , Werler Martha M. , Hing Anne V. , Birgfeld Craig B. , Collett Brent R. , Leroux Brian G. , Luquetti Daniela V. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundCraniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition with wide phenotypic variability, including hypoplasia of the mandible and external ear. We assembled a cohort of children with facial features within the CFM spectrum and children without known craniofacial anomalies. We sought to develop a standardized approach to assess and describe the facial characteristics of the study cohort, using multiple sources of information gathered over the course of this longitudinal study and to create case subgroups with shared phenotypic features.MethodsParticipants were enrolled between 1996 and 2002. We classified the facial phenotype from photographs, ratings using a modified version of the Orbital, Ear, Mandible, Nerve, Soft tissue (OMENS) pictorial system, data from medical record abstraction, and health history questionnaires.ResultsThe participant sample included 142 cases and 290 controls. The average age was 13.5 years (standard deviation, 1.3 years; range, 11.1–17.1 years). Sixty‐one percent of cases were male, 74% were white non‐Hispanic. Among cases, the most common features were microtia (66%) and mandibular hypoplasia (50%). Case subgroups with meaningful group definitions included: (1) microtia without other CFM‐related features (n = 24), (2) microtia with mandibular hypoplasia (n = 46), (3) other combinations of CFM‐ related facial features (n = 51), and (4) atypical features (n = 21).ConclusionWe developed a standardized approach for integrating multiple data sources to phenotype individuals with CFM, and created subgroups based on clinically‐meaningful, shared characteristics. We hope that this system can be used to explore associations between phenotype and clinical outcomes of children with CFM and to identify the etiology of CFM. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:915–926, 2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.