bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autotransplantation of teeth to the anterior maxilla: A systematic review of survival and success, aesthetic presentation and patient‐reported outcome
Authors: Akhlef Yousra , Schwartz Ole , Andreasen Jens O. , Jensen Simon S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground/AimAutotransplantation of teeth to the anterior maxilla may be indicated after trauma or in patients with congenitally missing teeth. The aim of this systematic review was to report the current evidence concerning survival and success rate, aesthetic outcome, and patient‐reported outcome of autotransplanted teeth to the anterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsA MEDLINE search followed by an additional hand search was performed to identify relevant literature. All levels of evidence except case reports were considered. Any publication reporting on 10 or more autotransplanted teeth to the anterior maxilla, and written in English were eligible for this systematic review.ResultsThe systematic search identified 95 abstracts. Thirty‐seven full‐text articles were evaluated of which 17 could finally be included. Data on survival and success rate of the transplants could be extracted from 11 studies. Survival rates ranged between 93% and 100% (weighted mean: 96.7%, median: 100%) after 9 months to 22 years of observation (median: 8.75 years). No consensus regarding definition of success criteria of the transplants could be found in the literature. Two and four studies contained data on aesthetic and patient‐reported outcomes, respectively. In general, they reported favourable aesthetic results and high patient satisfaction.ConclusionThe current available evidence suggests a high survival rate after autotransplantation of teeth to the anterior maxilla. However, the level of evidence is low. Limited data on aesthetic and patient‐reported outcomes warrant additional research in this field.
Methylphenidate, cognition, and epilepsy: A 1‐month open‐label trial
Authors: Adams Jesse , Alipio‐Jocson Valerie , Inoyama Katherine , Bartlett Victoria , Sandhu Saira , Oso Jemima , Barry John J. , Loring David W. , Meador Kimford J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveCognitive difficulties are common in epilepsy. Beyond reducing seizures and adjusting antiepileptic medications, no well‐validated treatment exists in adults. Methylphenidate is used effectively in children with epilepsy and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but its effects in adults have not been systematically evaluated. We hypothesized that methylphenidate can safely improve cognition in adults with epilepsy. We detail here the open‐label follow‐up to a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose study.MethodsThirty epilepsy patients entered a 1‐month open‐label methylphenidate trial after a double‐blind phase. Doses were titrated according to clinical practice and patient tolerance, ranging 20–40 mg/day. Primary measures included: Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Symbol–Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Medical College of Georgia Memory Test (MCG). Secondary measures were: Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI‐II), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), Stimulant Side‐Effect Checklist, Adverse Events Profile, Quality of Life in Epilepsy‐89 (QOLIE‐89), and seizure frequency. Fourteen healthy, nonmedicated controls were tested concurrently.ResultsTwenty‐eight participants with epilepsy (13 men/15 women) completed the trial. Withdrawals occurred due to anxiety (n = 1) and fatigue (n = 1). Mean age was 36.4 years (range = 20–60). Epilepsy types were: focal (n = 21), generalized (n = 6), or unclassified (n = 1). Mean epilepsy duration was 12.3 years. Mean baseline seizure frequency was 2.8/month. There were significant improvements on methylphenidate forSDMT,MCG,CPT(the ability to discriminate between targets and nontargets [d′] hits, hit reaction time standard deviation, omissions, and commissions), andQOLIEsubscales (energy/fatigue, attention/concentration, memory, and language; paired t tests; p ≤ 0.002).BDI‐IIand additional subscales also improved, at a lower level of statistical significance. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Comparisons with untreated controls (n = 14) revealed greater improvement for epilepsy patients on omissions and commissions, with improvement trends on d′ and hits. Seizure frequency did not increase with methylphenidate treatment (2.8/month vs. 2.4/month).SignificanceMethylphenidate may be an effective and safe option for improving cognition and quality of life in epilepsy. Larger and longer double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials are needed.
Improving models of photosynthetic thermal acclimation: Which parameters are most important and how many should be modified?
Authors: Stinziano Joseph R. , Way Danielle A. , Bauerle William L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhotosynthetic temperature acclimation could strongly affect coupled vegetation–atmosphere feedbacks in the global carbon cycle, especially as the climate warms. Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis can be modelled as changes in the parameters describing the direct effect of temperature on photosynthetic capacity (i.e., activation energy, Ea; deactivation energy, Hd; entropy parameter, ΔS) or the basal value of photosynthetic capacity (i.e., photosynthetic capacity measured at 25°C). However, the impact of acclimating these parameters (individually or in combination) on vegetative carbon gain is relatively unexplored. Here we compare the ability of 66 photosynthetic temperature acclimation scenarios to improve the ability of a spatially explicit canopy carbon flux model, MAESTRA, to predict eddy covariance data from a loblolly pine forest. We show that: (1) incorporating seasonal temperature acclimation of basal photosynthetic capacity improves the model's ability to capture seasonal changes in carbon fluxes and outperforms acclimation of other single factors (i.e., Ea or ΔS alone); (2) multifactor scenarios of photosynthetic temperature acclimation provide minimal (if any) improvement in model performance over single factor acclimation scenarios; (3) acclimation of Ea should be restricted to the temperature ranges of the data from which the equations are derived; and (4) model performance is strongly affected by the Hd parameter. We suggest that a renewed effort be made into understanding whether basal photosynthetic capacity, Ea, Hd and ΔS co‐acclimate across broad temperature ranges to determine whether and how multifactor thermal acclimation of photosynthesis occurs.
Characterizing Stream‐Aquifer Exchanges with Self‐Potential Measurements
Authors: Valois Remi , Cousquer Yohann , Schmutz Myriam , Pryet Alexandre , Delbart Célestine , Dupuy Alain 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCharacterizing the interactions between streams and aquifers is a major challenge in hydrology. Electrical self‐potential (SP) is sensitive to groundwater flow through the electrokinetic effect, which is proportional to Darcy velocity. SP surveys have been extensively used for the characterization of seepage flow in a variety of contexts. But to our knowledge, a model coupling SP and groundwater flow has never been implemented for the study of stream‐aquifer interactions. To address the issue, we first implemented a two‐dimensional model to a synthetic stream‐aquifer cross section. Results underline the very distinct nature of SP profiles in gaining or losing stream conditions. Second, we presented a field application in a transect crossing a stream in losing conditions. The coupled model successfully reproduced the observed SP profile. This inverse modeling of the SP signal provides quantitative data on hydrodynamic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic heads) and geophysical parameters (coupling coefficient). Nevertheless, all relevant parameters cannot be uniquely estimated without precise prior information on at least some of these parameters. Our results confirm the potential of SP surveys on the characterization of stream‐aquifer exchanges. Recommendations on the collection of high‐quality data are also provided, along with a description of the contexts in which the methodology is likely to perform well.
Mediterranean archeology and environmental histories in the spotlight of the Anthropocene
Authors: Kearns Catherine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe last two decades have seen increasing scientific and humanistic research about anthropogenic impacts on earth systems such as climate, leading to a controversial proposal that we are living in an Anthropocene epoch, when humans have become unprecedented forces of global change. The status of the Anthropocene as a historiographical period poses an opportunity to consider how archeologists and historians conceive of environmental and social change in Mediterranean antiquity. Scholarship has tended to focus on regional landscapes or large‐scale climatic accounts of the rise and fall of societies and less on the politics and social dimensions of human–environment relationships. Although bridging the small and large scales of these interactions poses challenges, recent research on the island of Cyprus during the Archaic period highlights the possibilities of an archeological approach to the intersections between social and environmental Mediterranean histories and their material contexts.
Effect of the calcining temperatures of low‐grade bauxite on the mechanical property of mullite ceramics
Authors: Ren Qiang , Li Huanhuan , Wu Xiulan , Huo Zhezhe , Hai Ou , Lin Fei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe mullite ceramics with excellent properties were prepared using traditional sintering method, and the starting material was low‐grade bauxite without any other additives in this paper. The variations in physical and chemical properties in the process of sintering, the specific surface area of calcined bauxite at different calcining temperatures, and the phase composition of the mullite ceramic and its microstructure were investigated by thermal analysis, laser particle analysis, the X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The effect of calcining temperatures of raw bauxite on mechanical property and sintering mechanism of mullite ceramic were explored and researched. The results showed that the flexural strength can reach 180 MPa, a great difference existed in mullite ceramics prepared from calcined bauxite at different calcining temperatures, and the sintering mechanism included densification of raw bauxite, the activities of calcined bauxite powders, and crystals in calcined bauxite.
Safety of Atrovent® CFC-free inhaler: respiratory events reported from an observational cohort study in England
Authors: Osborne Vicki , Layton Deborah , Fogg Carole , Tong Edward , Shakir Saad A W 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to identify any unexpected clinical events associated with starting the new CFC-free formulation of Atrovent® MDI in general practice in England.

Methods
An active surveillance cohort study was conducted with a focus on selected clinical events, including respiratory symptoms, in past users of Atrovent® CFC MDI (‘switchers’) and Atrovent® naïve users. Incidence density rate ratios (with 99% confidence intervals) for events occurring in the first 3 months of exposure (risk period-ID1-3) compared to 3 months prior to starting treatment (reference period-IDR) were calculated.

Results
The cohort consisted of 13 211 patients (median age 70 years, 50.1% female; 63.5% prior users of Atrovent® CFC MDI (‘switchers’)). Common respiratory events occurred at higher rates after starting treatment than before for switchers, for example lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) [ID1/IDR = 1.45 (99% CI: 1.17, 1.81)] and worsening asthma [ID1/IDR = 1.58 (99% CI: 1.00, 2.51)]. Of these events only LRTI was significant for Atrovent® naïve patients [ID1/IDR = 1.42 (99% CI: 1.04, 1.95)].

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest effect modification of risk as a result of prior Atrovent® CFC MDI use. Overall, Atrovent® CFC-free MDI appeared to be reasonably well tolerated in the immediate postmarketing period and the safety profile appeared similar to that of the CFC formulation.
Role of Galectin‐3 in the pathophysiology underlying allergic lung inflammation in a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 knockout model of murine asthma
Authors: Mammen Manoj J. , Sands Mark F. , Abou‐Jaoude Elaine , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Reynolds Jessica L. , Parikh Neil U. , Sharma Umesh , Schwartz Stanley A. , Mahajan Supriya D. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAsthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the various endotypes of asthma could lead to novel and more personalized therapies for individuals with asthma. Using a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1) knockout murine allergic asthma model, we previously showed that TIMP‐1 deficiency results in an asthma phenotype, exhibiting airway hyperreactivity, enhanced eosinophilic inflammation and T helper type 2 cytokine gene and protein expression following sensitization with ovalbumin. In the current study, we compared the expression of Galectins and other key cytokines in a murine allergic asthma model using wild‐type and TIMP‐1 knockout mice. We also examined the effects of Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) inhibition on a non‐T helper type 2 cytokine interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) to evaluate the relationship between Gal‐3 and the IL‐17 axis in allergic asthma. Our results showed a significant increase in Gal‐3, IL‐17 and transforming growth factor‐β1 gene expression in lung tissue isolated from an allergic asthma murine model using TIMP‐1 knockout. Gal‐3 gene and protein expression levels were also significantly higher in lung tissue from an allergic asthma murine model using TIMP‐1 knockout. Our data show that Gal‐3 may regulate the IL‐17 axis and play a pivotal role in the modulation of inflammation during experimental allergic asthma.
Rapid changes in serum cytokines and chemokines in response to inactivated influenza vaccination
Authors: Talaat Kawsar R. , Halsey Neal A. , Cox Amber B. , Coles Christian L. , Durbin Anna P. , Ramakrishnan Amritha , Bream Jay H. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe timing of host cytokine responses to influenza vaccination is poorly understood.ObjectivesWe examined serum cytokine kinetics following inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) to better understand potential relationships between markers of inflammation and TIV‐related side effects.Patients/MethodsTwenty healthy adult subjects received TIV. Cytokines/chemokines were assessed in intervals from 3 hours to 14 days. Antibody titers were measured at baseline and Day 14.ResultsSerum cytokine responses to TIV were evident as early as 3 hours post‐immunization. Compared to baseline, IFN‐γ and IP‐10 were significantly elevated 7 hours after TIV administration. Both remained elevated and peaked between 16 and 24 hours before returning to baseline by 44 hours post‐vaccination. Although IL‐8 levels were variable between subjects during the first 24 hours after TIV, by 44 hours, IL‐8 was significantly lower compared to baseline. Interestingly, IL‐8 levels remained significantly lower for up to 2 weeks after receiving TIV. Fifteen of 20 subjects reported mild adverse events. The one subject who reported moderate myalgias and injection site pain after vaccination displayed a distinctive, early cytokine response profile which included IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐8, IP‐10, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, TARC, and MCP‐4.ConclusionsSerum cytokines changed rapidly following TIV and generally peaked at 24 hours. Trivalent influenza vaccine‐induced reductions in IL‐8 occurred later (44 hours) and were sustained for 2 weeks. An outlier response coincided with the only moderate side effects to the vaccine. These data suggest that early cytokine/chemokine responses may provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of adverse events and immune reactivity to vaccination.
The expression and functional activities of smooth muscle myosin and non‐muscle myosin isoforms in rat prostate
Authors: Chen Ping , Yin Jing , Guo Yu‐ming , Xiao He , Wang Xing‐huan , DiSanto Michael E. , Zhang Xin‐hua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is mainly caused by increased prostatic smooth muscle (SM) tone and volume. SM myosin (SMM) and non‐muscle myosin (NMM) play important roles in mediating SM tone and cell proliferation, but these molecules have been less studied in the prostate. Rat prostate and cultured primary human prostate SM and epithelial cells were utilized. In vitro organ bath studies were performed to explore contractility of rat prostate. SMM isoforms, including SM myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (SM1/2 and SM‐A/B) and myosin light chain 17 isoforms (LC17a/b), and isoform ratios were determined via competitive RT‐PCR. SM MHC and NM MHC isoforms (NMMHC‐A, NMMHC‐B and NMMHC‐C) were further analysed via Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Prostatic SM generated significant force induced by phenylephrine with an intermediate tonicity between phasic bladder and tonic aorta type contractility. Correlating with this kind of intermediate tonicity, rat prostate mainly expressed LC17a and SM1 but with relatively equal expression of SM‐A/SM‐B at the mRNA level. Meanwhile, isoforms of NMMHC‐A, B, C were also abundantly present in rat prostate with SMM present only in the stroma, while NMMHC‐A, B, C were present both in the stroma and endothelial. Additionally, the SMM selective inhibitor blebbistatin could potently relax phenylephrine pre‐contracted prostate SM. In conclusion, our novel data demonstrated the expression and functional activities of SMM and NMM isoforms in the rat prostate. It is suggested that the isoforms of SMM and NMM could play important roles in BPH development and bladder outlet obstruction.
An ordinal day model of spruce beetle trap capture phenology in northern Colorado
Authors: Davis T. S. , Hansen E. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpruce beetle populations (Dendroctonus rufipennis) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) stands were monitored at twelve sites for 6 years in northern Colorado using pheromone‐baited Lindgren funnel traps. During the trapping period, over 30,000 beetles were captured, and beetle abundance data were used to construct empirical models of trap capture phenology based on day of year, accumulation of thermal units and thermal day thresholds, with the goal of informing future regional trapping efforts and producing a simple model for use by forest managers. Ordinal day models outperformed thermal accumulation and thermal threshold models in both predictive power and parsimony. Mean date of earliest capture was Day 153 (June 2) and ranged from Day 126 to Day 161 (May 6–June 10), and mean date of final capture was Day 243 (August 31) and ranged from Day 220 to Day 286 (August 8–October 13). A two‐parameter logistic function was the most parsimonious of several ordinal day models, accounting for 81% of the variance in cumulative trap capture across all sites and dates. The model predicts 50% of trap captures to occur by Day 181 (June 30). This model has application as a decision support tool for forest ecosystem managers concerned with the timing of trap deployment or D. rufipennis mitigation treatments.
Female breast cancer management and survival: The experience of major public hospitals in South Australia over 3 decades—trends by age and in the elderly
Authors: Roder David , Farshid Gelareh , Kollias Jim , Koczwara Bogda , Karapetis Christos , Adams Jacqui , Joshi Rohit , Keefe Dorothy , Miller Caroline , Powell Kate , Fusco Kellie , Eckert Marion , Buckley Elizabeth , Beckmann Kerri , Price Timothy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical registry data from major South Australian public hospitals were used to investigate trends in invasive breast‐cancer treatment and survival by age.MethodsDisease‐specific survival was calculated for the 1980 to 2013 diagnostic period using Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit estimates, with a censoring of live cases on December 31, 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine differences in survival by age and tumour characteristic. First‐round treatments following diagnosis were analysed, using multiple logistic regression to adjust for confounding.ResultsFive‐year survival increased from 75% in the 1980s to 87% in 2000 to 2013, consistent with national trends, and with increases occurring irrespective of age. There was an increased use of breast conserving surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone treatments. Five‐year survival was lower for women aged 80+ years, increasing from 65% in the 1980s to 74% in 2000 to 2013. Lower survival in these older women persisted after adjusting for TNM stage, other clinical variables, and diagnostic year, without evidence of a reduced disparity over time. Older women were less likely to have surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy throughout 1980 to 2013. By comparison, their use of hormone therapy was elevated. The adjusted relative odds of mastectomy (as opposed to breast conserving surgery) were lower for the 80+ year age range.Conclusions

Breast‐cancer survival increases applied to all ages, including 80+ years, but poorer outcomes persisted in this older group and the gap did not reduce.
A key question is whether the best trade‐off now exists between optimally therapeutic cancer treatment and accommodations for frailty and co‐morbidity in the aged, or whether opportunities exist for better trade‐offs and better survival.
Local registry data are important for describing local service activity and outcomes by age for local service providers, health administrations and consumer groups; monitoring disparities; and indicating effects of local initiatives.
Physical activity interventions are delivered consistently across hospitalized older adults but multimorbidity is associated with poorer rehabilitation outcomes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jones Jacky , Jones Gareth D. , Thacker Michael , Faithfull Sara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults live with multimorbidity including frailty and cognitive impairment often requiring hospitalization. While physical activity interventions (PAIs) are a normal rehabilitative treatment, their clinical effect in hospitalized older adults is uncertain.ObjectiveTo observe PAI dosing characteristics and determine their impact on clinical performance parameters.DesignA single‐site prospective observational cohort study in an older persons' unit.SubjectsSeventy‐five older persons' unit patients ≥65 years.InterventionPAI; therapeutic contact between physiotherapy clinician and patient.MeasurementsParameters included changes in activities‐of‐daily‐living (Barthel Index), handgrip strength, balance confidence, and gait velocity, measured between admission and discharge (episode). Dosing characteristics were PAI temporal initiation, frequency, and duration. Frailty/cognition status was dichotomized independently per participant yielding 4 subgroups: frail/nonfrail and cognitively‐impaired/cognitively‐unimpaired.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) PAI initiation occurred after 2 days (1‐4), frequency was 0.4 PAIs per day (0.3‐0.5), and PAI duration per episode was 3.75 hours (1.8‐7.2). All clinical parameters improved significantly across episodes: grip strength median (interquartile range) change, 2.0 kg (0.0‐2.3) (P < .01); Barthel Index, 5 (3‐8) (P < .01); gait velocity, 0.06 m.∙s−1 (0.06‐0.16) (P < .01); and balance confidence, −3 (−6 to −1) (P < .01). Physical activity intervention dosing remained consistent within subgroups. While several moderate to large associations between amount of PAIs and change in clinical parameters were observed, most were within unimpaired subgroups.ConclusionsPAI dosing is consistent. However, while clinical changes during hospital episodes are positive, more favourable responses to PAIs occur if patients are nonfrail/cognitively‐unimpaired. Therefore, to deliver a personalized rehabilitation approach, adaptation of PAI dose based on patient presentation is desirable.