bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualifikation und Kommunikationsstrukturen des Co- Managers – Zur Typologie von Betriebsräten
Authors: Minssen Heiner , Riese Christian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Der Betriebsratstypus des Co-Managers zieht zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit auf sich. Wir untersuchen in diesem Artikel am Beispiel von Betriebsräten im Öffentlichen Personennahverkehr, ob dieser Betriebsratstypus sich von anderen (konventionellen, engagierten oder ambitionierten) Betriebsratstypen hinsichtlich seiner Qualifizierungsprozesse und seiner Kommunikationsstrukturen unterscheidet. Basierend auf einer schriftlichen Befragung aller Betriebsräte zeigt sich, dass der Co-Manager mehr Weiterbildungsangebote in Anspruch nimmt und die dadurch erworbenen Kompetenzen häufiger durch interne Wissensvermittlungsprozesse an andere Betriebsratsmitglieder weitergibt. Die Kontaktflächen zur Geschäftsleitung sind deutlich ausgeprägter, ohne dass dies mit einer Reduzierung der Kontakte zu Gewerkschaften einhergeht. Darüber hinaus wird ein Schwerpunkt im Kontakt zu Betriebsräten anderer Unternehmen gelegt; hier sind Co-Manager deutlich variantenreicher und differenzierter als ihre Kollegen aus den anderen Betriebsratstypen.
Prekäre Arbeit. Unsichere Beschäftigungsverhältnisse und ihre sozialen Folgen
Authors: Dörre Klaus 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Prekarität hat als Kategorie in den vergangenen Jahren Einzug in die gesellschaftlichen Diskurse gehalten, wird aber in der industrie- und arbeitssoziologischen Debatte noch unterschätzt. Der Beitrag geht von der Überlegung aus, dass die Dynamik flexibel-marktgetriebener Produktionsregime auch aus einer Prekarisierung von Erwerbsarbeit resultiert. Unsichere Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse werden nicht als ein Randphänomen gedeutet, das sich ausschließlich den „Outsidern“ am Arbeitsmarkt zurechnen läßt. Vielmehr schwächen Prekarisierungsprozesse die soziale Integrationskraft nachfordistischer Arbeitsgesellschaften, indem sie bis weit in ihre als gesichert geltenden Bereiche eindringen. Zu den wichtigen arbeitspolitischen Schlussfolgerungen gehören unter anderem die Schaffung eines Umfeldes, in dem die „Prekarier“ trotz schwieriger Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen handlungsfähig werden/bleiben, wozu die Durchsetzung eines gesetzlichen Mindestlohnes ebenso zu zählen sind wie die Unterstützung von kollektiven Selbstorganisationsansätzen.
Crisis? What Crisis? - Zur Situation der Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie
Authors: Minssen Heiner 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In der deutschen Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie ist eine Debatte über die (angeblich) krisenhafte Situation des Faches entbrannt. Dies hat seinen Grund in der impliziten oder expliziten Forderung nach einer gesellschaftstheoretischen Fundierung des Fachs. In dem Artikel wird gezeigt, dass dieser Anspruch nicht mehr angemessen ist; zudem führt er dazu, die Verdienste der Forschung nicht ausreichend zu würdigen. Stattdessen wird für eine Beschränkung auf Theorien mittlerer Reichweite plädiert. Zugleich werden Überlegungen nach dem Gegenstandsbereich der Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie angestellt. Er besteht in der Analyse der Transformation von Arbeitskraft in Arbeit. Damit behandelt die Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie ein für die Entwicklung moderner Gesellschaften nach wie vor zentrales Untersuchungsfeld.
Determinanten der Weiterbildungsbeteiligung älterer Erwerbstätiger
Authors: Lois Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Der Beitrag zeigt mit Daten des Berichtssystems Weiterbildung 2000, dass die altersspezifische Beteiligung an formeller beruflicher Weiterbildung on-the-job je nach Anlass der Teilnahme variiert: Die Partizipation an Einarbeitungs- und vor allem Aufstiegsqualifizierungen erweist sich als negativ altersabhängig, während die Beteiligung an Anpassungsfortbildungen in keinem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem Alter steht. Auch ältere Erwerbstätige investieren folglich in ihr Humankapital - allerdings selektiv und unter spezifischen Bedingungen: Mit steigendem Alter gewinnen positive Einstellungen gegenüber der eigenen Lernfähigkeit als Teilnahmevoraussetzungen an Bedeutung. Zudem gibt die Qualität technologischer Innovationen den Ausschlag darüber, ob eine formelle Weiterbildung überhaupt erforderlich wird. Sind neue Arbeitsaufgaben z.B. mit der vorangehenden Tätigkeit verwandt, kann die Umstellung von älteren Erwerbstätigen teilweise durch einen Transfer ihres Erfahrungswissens bewältigt werden.
Ältere Arbeitnehmer mit geringer beruflicher Qualifikation und deren Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt
Authors: Blasius Jörg , Hackert Stephan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In einer schriftlichen Umfrage bei 212 Personalverantwortlichen von Betrieben mit mindestens 20 Mitarbeitern in der Region Obere Sieg wurden im Februar 2003 die Einstellungen zu jüngeren und älteren Arbeitnehmern mit geringer beruflicher Qualifikation erfasst. Insgesamt wird beiden Gruppen ein in etwa gleiches Qualifikationsniveau zugesprochen, wobei den jüngeren Arbeitnehmern u. a. eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Bereitschaft zu allen Erneuerungen zugesprochen wird, den älteren u. a. ein überdurchschnittlich hohes Verantwortungsbewusstsein. Diese unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten haben aber nur relativ wenig Gewicht bei der Bewertung der Arbeitnehmer, wichtiger ist die generelle Einschätzung - und diese dürfte auch von den äußeren Rahmenbedingungen abhängen. Dabei haben staatliche Interventionen wie finanzielle Zuschüsse bei der Einstellung von Älteren scheinbar nur einen marginalen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung von Unternehmen, andere Maßnahmen wie Vorruhestandsregelungen und besonderer Kündigungsschutz scheinen kontraproduktiv zu sein.
Effects of Biodynamic Production on Growth and Essential Oil Content in Basil
Authors: Dudaš Slavica , Poljuha Danijela , Šola Ivana , Šegula Sabina , Varga Sanja , Sladonja Barbara 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The effects of a biodynamic sowing calendar on the growth (plant height, fresh herb yield, nodes number) and quality (percentage of leaf mass, essential oil content) of three basil species, Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum × hybrida and Ocimum basilicum L., represented by the cultivars ‘Rosso’ and ‘Eco Genovese’, were tested. Statistical analyses showed that the species had greater impact on the observed parameters than either the sowing date or the species and sowing date in combination. The species showed a significant influence on all five tested parameters, while sowing date and interaction of both factors significantly influenced plant height, leaf percentage and essential oil content. The best yield per plant was obtained for O. × hybrida and O. basilicum ‘Eco Genovese’. The lowest species O. × hybrida produced the highest amount of essential oil. »Nodes number« parameter most clearly separated the species, but not the cultivars. Even though O. americanum gave the tallest plants, it did not yield either the highest amount of fresh herb or essential oil. This species’ height was most consistent, considering the significant impact of biodynamic rhythm. Sowing date was not crucial for basil fresh yield; however if there is a need for taller plants with a higher percentage of leaf mass and more essential oil, sowing date needs to be controlled.
Stochastic Analysis of Dis-Similar Standby System with Discrete Failure, Inspection and Replacement Policy
Authors: Bhatti J. , Chitkara A. K. , Kakkar M. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe device named autoclave used in pharma industries has been studied in this paper. This study provides the discussion how to obtain the reliability testing strategy of two dis-similar parallel units. The system is considered to be in operative condition if at least one out of two is in operative state. A single repair facility is available for repairing both kinds of failed units. In addition to repair mechanism, inspection policy has also been introduced for failed automatic unit. But the manual one does not require any such supervision facilty. Various essential measures of system effectiveness such as mean time to system failure (MTSF), steady state availability, busy period of supervisor and repairman are examined probabilistically by using geometric distribution and regenerative point techniques. A graph has been plotted to represent the behaviour of profit function and MTSF with respect to different failure and repair rate.
Expected Leadership Competences in the Labour Market in Alumni’s Career Paths. A Study in Poland and Other Cee Countries
Authors: Haromszeki Łukasz , Jarco Piotr 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The authors indicate the role of leadership competences as a factor which is a response to the expectations of the labor market. In this presentation, leadership competences are treated as a system of skills existing among leadership relationships. The research of curricula in the best business schools around the world sees leadership as a dynamic, interdisciplinary approach to shaping the organizational reality and they treat this as the main goal of education. Experiences of business schools confirm that leadership skills could only be learnt in a practical approach to teaching, including workshops, simulations, work samples etc. The differences between teaching and market expectations on chosen positions, also in analyzed aspect, called the competence gap, have been studied for the last few years (2007-2013) and co-financed by the UE in the Human Capital Operational Program. After the completion of these projects we have to assume, that we still don’t have explicit or complete information about unadjustedness of skills to expectations of positions in chosen trades. The chance of precise identification and defining existing competence gaps is conducting studies of alumni career paths, who in their assessment collate possibilities of learning in business schools with the expectations of employers. Hence in the further part of this article we present the opinions of business school’s alumni about competence adjustedness in the domain of leadership skills. The last part of this article is an analysis of similarities and differences between the results of studies conducted in Poland and other CEE countries.
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Fig mosaic virus and Fig badnavirus-1 in Iran
Authors: Alimoradian Mohammadreza , Rakhshandehroo Farshad , Shams-bakhsh Masoud 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Fig mosaic virus (FMV) and Fig badnavirus-1 (FBV-1) are two of the most important fig infecting viruses. The incidence and distribution of FBV-1 and FMV were determined by testing in PCR 138 asymptomatic and symptomatic samples. These samples were collected from 60 fig gardens and agricultural fields in three provinces of Iran. The fig infecting viruses FBV-1 and FMV, respectively, were detected in 92 (66.6%) and 34 (24.6%) samples collected from all the surveyed fields. Overall, 24 out of 138 (17.3%) samples showed mixed infections. The sequence analysis of a genomic fragment of 922 nt, comprising the entire ORF-2 and part of the 5’ termini of the ORF-3 of 10 selected FBV-1 Iranian isolates from different provinces, and of the type member from GenBank (Acc. No: JF411989), showed a variation ranging from 1 to 3% at nucleotide level and 1% at the amino acid level. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the FBV-1 isolates into two groups, with the Iranian isolates clustered in two distinct subgroups of group I, according to their geographical origin. In our research, the prevalence and sequence analysis of FBV-1 as the only identified DNA virus infecting fig trees, was studied for the first time in Iran.
Between Drama and Postdrama
Authors: Pukelytė Ina 
Published: June 2016

The article analyses the transformations of the genre of drama in the context of the postdramatic theatre. Contrary to the affirmations of Hans-Thies Lehmann, the main theoretician of the postdramatic theatre, a text of a drama is not always only one of the elements of the postdramatic theatre. A text of a drama is often the main axis of a performance, around which it is constructed. It is presumed that the postdramatic theory allows a new approach to the genre of drama and encourages the birth of texts that can be called postdramas. The example of a performance of Wartists is aimed to show that the text of this performance can be treated as a postdrama, since it is caused not by a playwright but by a creative collaboration between the director, the actors and the playwright. The result of this collaboration is a text that integrates very different strategies of the creation of drama. There is an evidence of a play with different drama forms: epic, social, documental media, cruelty, Brecht’s theatre, theatre in the theatre, stand up or intermezzo. It can be assumed that drama, which in the postmodern theatre played only a secondary role, becomes postdrama and the contemporary theatre. It renews itself while using the strategies that are common in the postdramatic theatre, which means that it integrates various aesthetics common for this theatre and obliges them to serve as a text.
The Rhetoric of Political Commentary: Genre Transformations
Authors: Gabrėnaitė Eglė 
Published: June 2016

Political commentary is called the genre of evaluative journalism with fundamental indication, the expression of subjective opinion, on purpose to explain political phenomena and to assess it. From the perspective of rhetoric science positions, the most important is the argumentative level of commentary, i.e., persuasive substantiation of author’s propositions with its various forms: from argued reasoning and discussion what brings commentary closer to analytical genre to the usage of manipulative eristic argumentation.This article analyses the comments of political reviewers which are different from published comments in printed and electronic media: structurally they are too fragmented to identify them as traditional comments; they are different from new genre of internet comments as usually they are the product of multidirectional interactive reflection with the content and expression forms that are predetermined by specific communication circumstances. Political commentary is explored as political rhetoric expression form on purpose to identify and reveal the changes of political commentary and to define the factors that inspire them.
Ancient “Simple Poetry”: Peculiarities of the Epigram
Authors: Biržietienė Skirmantė 
Published: June 2016

The main literary genres were formed in the ancient literature. Aristotle in his Poetic identifies three “modes” of narration: epic, lyric and drama, and defines the differences between them. The article deals with one of them, i.e., the ancient lyric, specifically, the epigrammatic poetry. In the title described as “simple” poetry, it may sound odd, ambiguous, but as well intriguing, because it reflects poets and audience’s communication, while the investigator’s perspective provides the opportunity to reason about serious and “other” forms of poetry; the features are better seen in the comparison. The opposition has been discussed by the ancient poets. As an example serves the epigrammatic poetry of Marcus Valerius Martialis, the Roman poet of the 1st century. The poet discusses his object, i.e., epigram, as a form of poetry. He became the example for all the later poetics describing the main features of an ideal epigram. Reading the best examples, it is possible to easily perceive the basic requirements of the epigram: a short form exposure to real life, simple, true-life subject and simple, unsophisticated, even obscene language, and the most important is argutia (the verbal trickery), which creates the wit, which is hidden in the last words of the poem.
Semantyc Analysis of Zoonyms Motivated by the Coloured Coat (Based on the Cow Names in Polish and Ukrainian)
Authors: Solodushko Olga 
Published: June 2016

The article presents semantic and comparative analysis of the cattle names motivated by piebald and skewbald colouring and the patterns on the coat in Polish and Ukrainian dialects. The problem is to define the general picture of the colour perception in the minds of the two related language speakers by the means of coloured folk zoonyms. The article presents a brief description of the research in the field of traditional Zoonomastics. Lexical units that image the coloured animal coat concept in dialects are considered. In this article, there is provided a cow names classification based on the lexical and semantic features. A comparative analysis of the Polish and Ukrainian lexemes, from which zoonyms were derived, was conducted in all the groups. It has been found that the similar, sometimes identical, lexemes are used as a base for the derivation of cow names in Polish and Ukrainian; the same motivational component is observed too. The author of the article concludes that the expression of colour perception by the linguistic recourses is quite similar for the speakers of both languages.
Risk Factors for RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection in Pediatric Inpatients
Authors: Schwab Elyse M. , Wilkes Jacob , Korgenski Kent , Hersh Adam L. , Pavia Andrew T. , Stevens Vanessa W. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors during the incident Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) episode, associated with developing recurrent CDI within 60 days, among hospitalized children that may be amenable to intervention.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients hospitalized at a freestanding children’s hospital from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2010. Patients were eligible if they were &lt;18 years of age at admission and had a new diagnosis of CDI. Patients &lt;1 year of age and those with a history of CDI in the previous 60 days were excluded. Age, gender, race, complex chronic conditions, and other information were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of recurrent CDI.RESULTS:During the study period, there were 612 unique patients with an incident CDI episode; 65 (10.6%) experienced at least 1 recurrence. Patients with any complex chronic condition were 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–13.9) times more likely to experience recurrence. Patients with a malignancy and those who received non-CDI antibiotics at any time during CDI treatment were 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3–4.0) and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.2–6.9) times more likely to experience recurrence, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of underlying comorbidities, malignancies, and treatment with non-CDI antibiotics during CDI treatment were the most important risk factors for recurrence. Efforts to reduce unnecessary courses of non-CDI antibiotics could lower the risk of CDI recurrence.
Administration of Palivizumab in the NICU
Authors: Vendetti Neika , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Sammons Julia Shaklee , Fisher Brian T. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Coffin Susan E. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) for infants at high risk for severe disease within 72 hours of hospital discharge to prevent community-associated RSV. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend palivizumab to prevent health care–associated RSV (HA-RSV).

METHODS:
A retrospective, multicenter cohort of hospitalized infants who received nondischarge palivizumab (NDP) between January 2009 and December 2013 was established from 14 hospitals. NDP was defined as a charge for palivizumab &gt;7 days before hospital discharge and no previous documented RSV. Infants were considered high risk for severe disease if they had chronic lung disease, chronic heart disease, or prematurity. Nondischarge palivizumab use was examined for high- and low-risk infants. HA-RSV was defined as an RSV-positive test (polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassays, or culture) &gt;3 days after admission and the frequency was measured for infants who did and did not receive NDP.

RESULTS:
We identified 1263 patients who received at least 1 dose of NDP, most of whom were classified as high risk (80%). Among high-risk patients, the predictors of receipt of NDP included longer length of stay, institution, and no comorbid conditions. Most of the low-risk patients (88%) who received NDP had no comorbid conditions. NDP use varied widely among institutions. Overall, 25 eligible patients developed HA-RSV; 17 of whom received NDP.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite current recommendations, palivizumab for prevention of HA-RSV was common, even among patients at low risk of severe RSV.
Making Comfort Count: Using Quality Improvement to Promote Pediatric Procedural Pain Management
Authors: Rosenberg Rebecca E. , Klejmont Liana , Gallen Meghan , Fuller Jackie , Dugan Christina , Budin Wendy , Olsen-Gallagher Ingrid 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Pediatric procedural pain management (PPPM) is best practice but was inconsistent in our large multisite general academic medical center. We hypothesized that quality improvement (QI) methods would improve and standardize PPPM in our health system within inpatient pediatric units. We aimed to increase topical anesthetic use from 10% to 40%, improve nursing pediatric pain knowledge, and increase parent satisfaction around procedures for children admitted to a general tertiary academic medical center.

METHODS:
We used QI methods including needs assessment, self-identified champions, small tests of change, leadership accountability, data transparency, and a train-the-peer-trainer approach to implement PPPM. We measured inpatient use of topical anesthetic (goal of 40% of admissions), nursing pain knowledge, and parent satisfaction with child comfort during procedures. We used statistical process control and basic statistics to analyze data in this interrupted time series design.

RESULTS:
Over 18 months, use of topical lidocaine rose from 10% to 36.5% for all inpatient admissions, resulting in a centerline shift. Nursing pain knowledge scores increased 7%. Mean parent satisfaction around procedural comfort increased from 83% to 88%.

CONCLUSIONS:
A child-focused QI initiative around PPPM can succeed in a multisite general academic medical center. Key success factors for this effort included accountability, multidisciplinary core leadership, housewide training in a novel educational evidence-based framework, and use of data and champions to promote nurse and physician engagement. Future work will focus on sustaining and monitoring change.