bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect mechanisms in BaTiO3‐BiMO3 ceramics
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Patterson Eric A. , Frömling Till , Gorzkowski Edward P. , Eschbach Peter , Love Ian , Müller Michael P. , De Souza Roger A. , Tucker Julie , Reese Steven R. , Cann David P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOften, addition of BiMO3 to BaTiO3 (BT) leads to improvement in resistivity with a simultaneous shift to n‐type conduction from p‐type for BT. In considering one specific BiMO3 composition, that is, Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 (BZT), several prospective candidates for the origin of this n‐type behavior in BT‐BZT were studied—loss of volatile cations, oxygen vacancies, bismuth present in multiple valence states and precipitation of secondary phases. Combined x‐ray and neutron diffraction, prompt gamma neutron activation analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy suggested much higher oxygen vacancy concentration in BT‐BZT ceramics (>4%) as compared to BT alone. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x‐ray absorption spectroscopy did not suggest the presence of bismuth in multiple valence states. At the same time, using transmission electron microscopy, some minor secondary phases were observed, whose compositions were such that they could result in effective donor doping in BT‐BZT ceramics. Using experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters for BT and slopes of Kröger‐Vink plots, it has been suggested that an ionic compensation mechanism is prevalent in these ceramics instead of electronic compensation. These ionic defects have an effect of shifting the conductivity minimum in the Kröger‐Vink plots to higher oxygen partial pressure values in BT‐BZT ceramics as compared to BT, resulting in a significantly higher resistivity values in air atmosphere and n‐type behavior. This provides an important tool to tailor transport properties and defects in BT‐BiMO3 ceramics, to make them better suited for dielectric or other applications.
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of single‐phase tabular hexagonal newberyite, an important bioceramic
Authors: Sikder Prabaha , Bhaduri Sarit B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMagnesium phosphate compounds such as newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O) and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) are becoming important alternatives to calcium phosphates in hard tissue replacements. So far, newberyite has received lesser attention with respect to struvite. Therefore, the broad aim of this paper is to report an easy synthesis technique and characterization of single‐phase newberyite, which may have diverse uses as a bioceramic material. Specifically, we describe a simple and robust microwave‐assisted process for the synthesis of single‐phase newberyite in tabular hexagonal form. Second, we soak the newberyite powders in simulated body fluid, a solution which mimics the pH and ion concentration of human blood plasma, for 7 days and analyze the apatite formation on the crystals. Third, we report that single‐phase newberyite, by itself, does not possess antibacterial property.
Internal capital market efficiency and the diversification discount: The role of financial statement comparability
Authors: Cheng Jia‐Chi , Wu Ruei‐Shian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates how financial statement comparability affects the efficiency of internal capital markets and diversification discounts in multi‐segment firms through monitoring mechanisms. Previous studies suggest that financial statement comparability improves transparency and reduces the cost of information processing, mitigating information asymmetry between managers and shareholders. Using measures of comparability and internal capital efficiency, we find that financial statement comparability has a strong positive influence on internal capital market efficiency. Further, we find that by improving the efficiency of internal capital markets, financial statement comparability indeed mitigates diversification discounts. Especially, the effect of financial statement comparability is more pronounced for firms with high information asymmetry or operating environment volatility. The results support our arguments that financial statement comparability enhances the efficiency of internal capital markets and increases firm value in diversified firms by mitigating agency problems via monitoring and corporate control mechanisms.
BANK FINANCING AND FIRM GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Authors: Ullah Barkat , Wei Zuobao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe examine the relation between financing patterns and firm growth in transition economies. Using a survey data set covering more than 20,000 firms in 30 Eastern European and Central Asian countries from 2002 to 2014, we find that firms using formal bank finance grow faster than those financed by informal sources. Our results hold after controlling for firm characteristics, country economic development, and potential endogeneity. The effect of bank finance on firm growth is more pronounced in non‐OECD than OECD countries, indicating the overwhelming importance of bank finance in countries with less developed institutions.
INTERNAL CAPITAL MARKETS, FORMS OF INTRAGROUP TRANSFERS, AND DIVIDEND POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN CORPORATES
Authors: Goldman Elena , Viswanath P. V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFirms in a business group share ownership structures, allowing them access to sources of intragroup financing not available to independent firms. Resources could be transferred within a group either through intragroup transactions, primarily operational activities (internal transfers), or through dividends permitting insiders to make investments in other group firms (external transfers). The first strategy predicts lower dividends, and the second predicts the reverse. Using a large data set of listed Indian firms, we look at the costs of internal transfers versus external transfers and find that dividend policies of group firms are better explained by the external transfer hypothesis.
7q11.23 microduplication syndrome: neurophysiological and neuroradiological insights into a rare chromosomal disorder
Authors: Castiglia L. , Husain R. A. , Marquardt I. , Fink C. , Liehr T. , Serino D. , Elia M. , Coci E. G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe phenotypical consequence of the heterozygous chromosome 7q11.23 interstitial microdeletion is the Williams–Beuren syndrome, a very well‐known genetic multi‐systemic disorder. Much less is known about the reverse condition, the heterozygous interstitial microduplication of 7q11.23 region. The first molecular cytogenetic description was published in 2005, and only after several years were the reported patients numerous enough to attempt a description of a common phenotype.MethodBy using a broad multidisciplinary approach, we investigated 12 patients with this rare genetic anomaly. Ten of them harboured the duplication of the classical Williams–Beuren syndrome region and two a slightly larger duplication. Upon a detailed description of the clinical and psychological features, we used electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging to explore neurophysiological function and brain structures.ResultsWe analysed the clinical, psychological, neuroradiological and neurophysiological features of 12 yet‐unpublished individuals affected by this rare genetic anomaly, focusing specifically on the last two aspects. Several structural abnormalities of the central nervous system were detected, like ventriculomegaly, hypotrophic cerebellum, hypotrophic corpus callosum and hypoplastic temporal lobes. Although only one of 12 individuals suffered from seizures during childhood, three others had abnormal electroencephalography findings prominent in the anterior brain regions, without any visible seizures to date.ConclusionTaken together, we enlarged the yet‐underrepresented cohort in the literature of patients affected by 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome and shed further light on neuroradiological and neurophysiological aspects of this rare genetic syndrome.
HCV treatment initiation in persons with chronic kidney disease in the directly acting antiviral agents era: Results from ERCHIVES
Authors: Butt Adeel A. , Ren Yanjie , Puenpatom Amy , Arduino Jean‐Marie , Kumar Ritesh , Abou‐Samra Abdul‐Badi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundNewer direct acting antiviral agents against HCV (DAAs) are safe and efficacious in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether approval of newer DAAs has resulted in more persons with CKD initiating HCV treatment remains unknown.MethodsWe identified HCV+ persons in ERCHIVES between October 1999 and July 2016. We excluded HIV+ and HBsAg+ and those with missing baseline HCV RNA and baseline eGFR data. We identified persons initiated on any approved DAA‐regimen through July 2016, by CKD stage. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with treatment initiation.ResultsAmong 83 706 evaluable persons, 21.1% initiated treatment. Rates differed significantly by CKD stage: 22.1% for eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and CKD stage‐2; 14.9% for CKD stage 3; and 8.0% for CKD stage‐4/5. Those with CKD stage‐3 were 33% less likely and those with CKD stage‐4/5 were 60% less likely to initiate treatment with a DAA compared with those with baseline eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Treatment initiation was less likely in HCV genotype 2 (OR 0.59; 95%CI 0.53,0.66) or 3 (OR 0.53; 95%CI 0.47,0.61) and those with diabetes (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81,0.94), cardiovascular disease (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70,0.84), alcohol abuse or dependence (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70,0.79) or cirrhosis (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80,0.92) at baseline.ConclusionsPersons with more advanced CKD are less likely to receive treatment for HCV despite recent data on safety and efficacy. Strategies are needed to improve treatment rates in the HCV/CKD population.
Chemical variations of sulfides and metal in enstatite chondrites—Introduction of a new classification scheme
Authors: Weyrauch Mona , Horstmann Marian , Bischoff Addi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, the metal and sulfide compositions of 45 enstatite chondrites were analyzed to determine possible mineral‐chemical trends correlated with the petrologic type. Data for 35 additional samples were taken from the literature. Considering the data from this huge number of different E chondrite samples (80 in total), none of the trends previously described in the literature could be clearly confirmed. Also, among the opaque phases of enstatite chondrites, no other “new” correlations between mineral chemistry and the petrologic type were found. However, major differences in the sulfide and metal chemistry became obvious. Specifically, a certain number of chondrites in the EH and the EL groups have Cr in troilite above 2 wt%, Fe in niningerite or alabandite above 20 wt%, and lack abundant daubréelite. Differences were also found for Ni concentrations in kamacite. Thus, we propose a system for classifying E chondrites by defining four major subgroups: EHa, ELa, EHb, and ELb. All subgroups show full petrologic sequences that are similar to each other. This observation, in combination with the differences in sulfide and metal chemistry, suggests an origin of the samples from different parent bodies. Considering the anomalous E chondrite samples that neither fit in the previous classification scheme nor in the new one described here, the samples investigated in this study require at least eight different parent bodies.
A TEM study of exsolution in Ca‐rich pyroxenes from the Paris and Renazzo chondrites: Determination of type I chondrule cooling rates
Authors: Cuvillier Priscille , Chaumard Noël , Leroux Hugues , Zanda Brigitte , Hewins Roger H. , Jacob Damien , Devouard Bertrand 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe conducted a transmission electron microscope study of the exsolution microstructures of Ca‐rich pyroxenes in type I chondrules from the Paris CM and Renazzo CR carbonaceous chondrites in order to provide better constraints on the cooling history of type I chondrules. Our study shows a high variability of composition in the augite grains at a submicrometer scale, reflecting nonequilibrium crystallization. The microstructure is closely related to the local composition and is thus variable inside augite grains. For compositions inside the pyroxene miscibility gap, with a wollastonite (Wo) content typically below 40 mole%, the augite grains contain abundant exsolution lamellae on (001). For grain areas with composition close to Wo40, a modulated texture on (100) and (001) is the dominant microstructure, while areas with compositions higher than Wo40 do not show any exsolution microstructure development. To estimate the cooling rate, we used the spacing of the exsolution lamellae on (001), for which the growth is diffusion controlled and thus sensitive to the cooling rate. Despite the relatively homogeneous microstructures of augite grains with Wo < 35 mole%, our study of four chondrules suggests a range of cooling rates from ~10 to ~1000 °C h−1, within the temperature interval 1200–1350 °C. These cooling rates are comparable to those of type II chondrules, i.e., 1–1000 °C h−1. We conclude that the formation of type I and II chondrules in the proto‐solar nebula was the result of a common mechanism.
An experimental model for the tektite fluvial transport based on the most distal Polish moldavite occurrences
Authors: Brachaniec Tomasz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReworking and redeposition of tektites is a highly complex and multistage geological process including many factors. A tumbling experiment was therefore undertaken with the aim of estimating a distance of transport that such moldavites can withstand. Though the experiment probably did not accurately mimic natural conditions, our results proved that moldavites can withstand considerable transport only over a distance of a few kilometers. Observed abrasion of tektites was significant in the early stage of experimental transport; the rate of abrasion decreased correlatively with increasing distance of transport as usual. Overall, given the results obtained from this experimental study and their state of preservation described in the literature, it is very likely that Polish tektites were reworked and redeposited by rivers from the Sudetes Mountains. Based on the paleoreconstruction of river flows, it can be assumed that the Polish tektites originated from two independent sediment supply areas.
Disturbances of dental development distinguish patients with oligodontia‐ectodermal dysplasia from isolated oligodontia
Authors: Dhamo B. , Kuijpers M. A. R. , Balk‐Leurs I. , Boxum C. , Wolvius E. B. , Ongkosuwito E. M. 
Published: December 2017

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo investigate phenotypic differences in dental development between isolated oligodontia and oligodontia‐ectodermal dysplasia (ED).Setting and sample populationA total of 129 patients diagnosed with isolated oligodontia and 22 patients with oligodontia as part of ED were eligible.MethodsThe phenotype of dental development was assessed for the frequency of missing a certain tooth, dental age, development of each tooth present, abnormal size and abnormal shape of teeth. The data were analysed building linear, ordinal and logistic regression models.ResultsCompared to patients with isolated oligodontia, patients with oligodontia‐ED missed more frequently central incisors and second molars in both jaws, and lateral incisors in the mandible (P < .05). Oligodontia‐ED was associated with delayed development of the permanent dentition (β = −0.10; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.03). Specifically, the maxillary teeth: right central incisor, right lateral incisor, right second premolar and left second premolar were delayed approximately from 2 to 4 developmental stages. In addition, the left mandibular second premolar was 3 developmental stages delayed. Abnormal shape of teeth was 7 times more evident in patients with oligodontia‐ED compared to patients with isolated oligodontia (OR = 6.54; 95% CI: 2.34, 18.28). The abnormal size of teeth was not a distinctive characteristic for oligodontia‐ED.ConclusionsOligodontia‐ED distinguishes from isolated oligodontia by more disturbances in dental development. The abnormal shape of incisors and canines in a patient with oligodontia can raise suspicions for accompanying ectodermal abnormalities.
Efficacy and Tolerance of Lidocaine 5% Patches in Neuropathic Pain and Pain Related to Vaso‐occlusive Sickle Cell Crises in Children: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study
Authors: Rousseau Vanessa , Morelle Magali , Arriuberge Céline , Darnis Sophie , Chabaud Sylvie , Launay Valérie , Thouvenin Sandrine , Roumenoff‐Turcant Fabienne , Metzger Séverine , Tourniaire Barbara , Marec‐Berard Perrine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe management of neuropathic pain and pain related to bone vaso‐occlusive crises in sickle cell disease remains challenging in children. Lidocaine 5% patches are recommended in adults for neuropathic pain treatment, but they are not recommended in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of lidocaine 5% patches in pediatric inpatients.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, phase II study aimed to assess the use of lidocaine 5% patches in 6‐ to 21‐year‐old pediatric patients suffering from neuropathic pain or superficial bone vaso‐occlusive crises. Patches were applied on the painful area for 12 hours a day. The primary endpoint was the proportion of inpatients with significant pain relief defined as a decrease of at least 2 points on the visual analog pain scale (VAS) measured at 12 hours after patch placement over at least 2 consecutive days.ResultsThe 12‐hour VAS score decreased by at least 2 points over 2 consecutive days in 48.6% of patients 95% unilateral confidence interval (33.8%). Only 7.7% of patients experienced grade 1 or grade 2 toxicities.ConclusionAlthough lidocaine 5% patches decreased the pain's intensity in nearly half of the enrolled patients with an excellent tolerance, the efficacy endpoint was not reached. Further studies should consider a more refined selection of the experimental population to assess the efficacy of lidocaine 5% patches in the pediatric population.
A guide to the contained use of plant virus infectious clones
Authors: Brewer Helen C. , Hird Diane L. , Bailey Andy M. , Seal Susan E. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlant virus infectious clones are important tools with wide‐ranging applications in different areas of biology and medicine. Their uses in plant pathology include the study of plant–virus interactions, and screening of germplasm as part of prebreeding programmes for virus resistance. They can also be modified to induce transient plant gene silencing (Virus Induced Gene Silencing – VIGS) and as expression vectors for plant or exogenous proteins, with applications in both plant pathology and more generally for the study of plant gene function. Plant viruses are also increasingly being investigated as expression vectors for in planta production of pharmaceutical products, known as molecular farming. However, plant virus infectious clones may pose a risk to the environment due to their ability to reconstitute fully functional, transmissible viruses. These risks arise from both their inherent pathogenicity and the effect of any introduced genetic modifications. Effective containment measures are therefore required. There has been no single comprehensive review of the biosafety considerations for the contained use of genetically modified plant viruses, despite their increasing importance across many biological fields. This review therefore explores the biosafety considerations for working with genetically modified plant viruses in contained environments, with focus on plant growth facilities. It includes regulatory frameworks, risk assessment, assignment of biosafety levels, facility features and working practices. The review is based on international guidance together with information provided by plant virus researchers.
Increasing T‐type calcium channel activity by β‐adrenergic stimulation contributes to β‐adrenergic regulation of heart rates
Authors: Li Yingxin , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Chen , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Ying , Qi Zhao , Szeto Christopher , Tang Mingxin , Peng Yizhi , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Houser Steven R. , Xie Mingxing , Chen Xiongwen 
Published: December 2017

Key points
Cav3.1 T‐type Ca2+ channel current (ICa‐T) contributes to heart rate genesis but is not known to contribute to heart rate regulation by the sympathetic/β‐adrenergic system (SAS).
We show that the loss of Cav3.1 makes the beating rates of the heart in vivo and perfused hearts ex vivo, as well as sinoatrial node cells, less sensitive to β‐adrenergic stimulation; it also renders less conduction acceleration through the atrioventricular node by β‐adrenergic stimulation. Increasing Cav3.1 in cardiomyocytes has the opposite effects.
ICa‐T in sinoatrial nodal cells can be upregulated by β‐adrenergic stimulation.
The results of the present study add a new contribution to heart rate regulation by the SAS system and provide potential new mechanisms for the dysregulation of heart rate and conduction by the SAS in the heart.
T‐type Ca2+ channel can be a target for heart disease treatments that aim to slow down the heart rate
AbstractCav3.1 (α1G) T‐type Ca2+ channel (TTCC) is expressed in mouse sinoatrial node cells (SANCs) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal cells and contributes to heart rate (HR) genesis and AV conduction. However, its role in HR regulation and AV conduction acceleration by the β‐adrenergic system (SAS) is unclear. In the present study, L‐ (ICa‐L) and T‐type (ICa‐T) Ca2+ currents were recorded in SANCs from Cav3.1 transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO), and control mice. ICa‐T was absent in KO SANCs but enhanced in TG SANCs. In anaesthetized animals, different doses of isoproterenol (ISO) were infused via the jugular vein and the HR was recorded. The EC50 of the HR response to ISO was lower in TG mice but higher in KO mice, and the maximal percentage of HR increase by ISO was greater in TG mice but less in KO mice. In Langendorff‐perfused hearts, ISO increased HR and shortened PR intervals to a greater extent in TG but to a less extent in KO hearts. KO SANCs had significantly slower spontaneous beating rates than control SANCs before and after ISO; TG SANCs had similar basal beating rates as control SANCs probably as a result of decreased ICa‐L but a greater response to ISO than control SANCs. ICa‐T in SANCs was significantly increased by ISO. ICa‐T upregulation by β‐adrenergic stimulation contributes to HR and conduction regulation by the SAS. TTCC can be a target for slowing the HR.
Methodology for the Analysis of Large Commercial Aircraft Impact on NPP
Authors: Cheng Shujian , Sun Yugang , Li Shuaixi , Huang Xiaolin , Yuan Fang , Wang Xiaowen , Ge Honghui , Xia Zufeng 
Published: December 2017

The methodology used for large commercial aircraft impact assessment is introduced. This paper mainly forcus on the topics of physical damage. The vibration damage and fire damage are also briefly introduced.
The challenging topics discussed in this paper are:
1) How to choose the type of commercial plane and the impact velocity (or the load curve).
2) Two different kinds of impact effect analysis method, “Impact Force Time History Method” and “Missile-Target Interaction Analysis Method”, are introduced. They are both accepted by regulations, but lead to greatly different results.
3) Experiment benchmarking for analysis methods.
4) Rationality demonstration of the analysis.
5) Target screening and NI arrangement.
6) Methodology of vibration and fire effect assessment.