bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance in Youth Without Diabetes Is Not Related to Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Cree-Green Melanie , Cai Ninghe , Pyle Laura , Ringham Brandy , Brown Mark S. , Newcomer Bradley R. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context:
Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes are increasing in youth, especially in girls. IR is associated with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in youth and adults with diabetes. However, it is unknown whether this relationship is present in youth prior to development of diabetes.

Objective:
Assess IR and mitochondrial function, including sex differences, in nondiabetic youth.

Design:
Cross-sectional study of youth in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children, Resistance to InSulin in Type 1 And Type 2 diabetes, and Androgens and Insulin Resistance Study cohorts.

Setting:
Academic medical university.

Participants:
Two hundred seventy-five youth, 13 to 19 years old [43% males: 17.1 (16.52, 17.63) years, body mass index z-score (BMI-Z) 0.36, 64.7% Tanner 5; 57% females: 17.2 (16.43, 17.67) years, BMI-Z 0.72, 78.9% Tanner 5].

Interventions:
Fasting laboratories, oral glucose tolerance test, and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Main Outcome Measures:
IR [triglyceride:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, Matsuda index, and homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and muscle mitochondrial function (adenosine 5′-diphosphate time constant and oxidative phosphorylation rate).

Results:
Compared with males, females were more insulin resistant, with higher triglyceride:HDL ratio [1.95 (1.30, 2.79) vs 1.69 (1.21, 2.23), P = 0.042], HOMA-IR [3.18 (2.42, 4.39) vs 2.76 (2.02, 4.08), P = 0.035], and fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and lower Matsuda score [3.98 (2.71, 5.96) vs 5.39 (3.43, 7.57), P &lt; 0.001]. After adjustment for the higher BMI and Tanner stage and lower physical activity levels seen in females, there were no sex differences in mitochondrial function nor in any IR measure except FFAs. We did not find an association between measures of IR and mitochondrial function.

Conclusions:
The greater IR seen in adolescent girls vs boys is mostly explained by differences in BMI and physical activity. Mitochondrial function does not appear to be related to IR in a large cohort of nondiabetic youth.
Artists’ books for handheld mobile devices: Expanding the artist’s book genre
Authors: Mader-Meersman Julie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article examines the status of the artist’s book genre within the digital media landscape. The genre has the potential for widespread public awareness by embracing new media and small-format, handheld mobile devices. The author highlights the void of artists’ books and uses examples of existing book apps and other interactive artworks to arrive at the conclusion that digital media should be embraced within the artist’s book genre. She also includes reflection on her own artist’s book app creative research project, The Book Worm Tales, to share the process of transitioning her artistic experiments within the genre from print to screen. Inspired by an appreciation and concern for the biodegradation of rare physical books caused by moths and organisms such as mould, the project poetically reflects on rapid changes in book media, while preserving in virtual form experiential aspects of real, rare books in the process. The article includes the premise of that project; discussion of the experimentation involved in exploiting the creative potential of the medium; historical perspective on the materiality of the book; and implications of the digital medium on the artists’ books genre.
An Introduction to the Poetry of James R. Louden
Authors: Eso David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This introduction provides historical context for a selection of poems by the relatively unknown writer, James R. Louden. The introduction focuses on the poet’s promotion social justice and affordable housing in the resort town of Canmore, Alberta, where he resides. His poems place current revolutionary impulses on a continuum with analogous moments in recent and classical history.
Attention’s Deficit
Authors: Jagoe Eva-Lynn 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Contemporary critics from both left and right bemoan the rise in attention deficit as one of the pathological manifestations of society’s increasing speed and alienation. This essay attends to the ways in which deficit may inhere in the person demanding that attention be paid. How is life in common dependent upon certain forms of attention, and what can be gained from shifting the term “deficit”?
Choreographies of Binding and Unbinding: On the Drawings of Andrea Bowers
Authors: Ellul Hannah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Andrea Bowers’s drawings elaborate a piecemeal, meticulously drawn iconography of protest. Photographs and documents of emancipatory political struggle from different periods and places are reworked by hand, in something approaching an act of salvage.
In light of the long and complex histories of art’s engagement with the political, and the many and various modes of reciprocity devised along the way, what does it mean to be preoccupied with images of political action? To ask as much is to begin to address the complex ways in which such images intersect with and shape processes of political identification and affiliation, and the desire for political agency. Moreover, it is to speculate upon how renewed efforts of political imagination are informed by the often-obscure histories of collective action. What attachments or detachment are played out in these drawings? What choreographies of binding and unbinding are traced in these lines?
Analitical study of simple, compound and asymmetric mesures in tradational Turkish folk music<p>Geleneksel Türk halk müziğinde basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçülerin analitik incelenmesi
Authors: Tuğcular Erdal 
Published: April 2017

In this research, it is aimed to analytically investigate simple compound and asymmetric measures in Traditional Turkish folk music. Despite various shortcomings, mistakes and controversial aspects, the "TRT Turkish Folk Music Repertory", which has about 5,000 folk songs, is also an important source for such purposes as research and investigation. In this research, based on this source, the simple, compound and error measures discussed are reclassified and used in Turkish Folk Music; beats, time and sequence. Approximately five thousand folk songs and seven hundred non-verbal melody are supported by selected examples from the air, explained with figures and tables. In this research, which is carried out in a scaning model and a descriptive approach, the data are presented with an analysis of sources and an analytical point of view. As a result of the research, it is found that the compound which is written in simple, compound and faulty measurements is very different from the compound 9/8, the measurements of 10/16 are very few, 6/8, 12/8, 9/4, 9/16, 7/16 measurements were found to be widely used in certain regions 2/4, 4/4, 9/8 and it was also found that one of the main determinants of the metrics was the metronome speed. ÖzetBu araştırma, Geleneksel Türk halk müziğindeki basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçülerin analitik incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Çeşitli eksikleri, yanlışları ve tartışmalı yanlarına rağmen, yaklaşık 5000 türküden oluşan “TRT Türk Halk Müziği Repertuarı” araştırma ve inceleme gibi amaçlara yönelik olarak önemli bir kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, bu kaynağa dayalı olarak, ele alınan basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçüler yeniden sınıflandırılarak, Türk halk müziğindeki kullanım biçimleri; vuruş, zaman ve dizilim olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaklaşık 5000 türkü ve yedi yüz sözsüz oyun havası içerisinden seçilmiş örneklerle de desteklenerek, şekil ve tablolarla açıklanmıştır. Tarama modelinde ve betimsel bir yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada veriler, kaynak taraması yapılarak ve analitik bir bakış açısıyla ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçüyle yazılmış oldukça çeşitli türküler olduğu, bunlardan bileşik 9/8, 10/16’lık ölçülerin çok az, 6/8, 12/8, 9/4, 9/16, 7/16’lık ölçülerin belirli bölgelerde, 2/4, 4/4, 9/8’lik ölçülerin oldukça yaygın olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiş, ayrıca ölçülerle ilgili temel belirleyici unsurlardan birinin de metronom hızı olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Koordination überbetrieblicher Wissensproduktion
Authors: Feuerstein Patrick , Hanekop Heidemarie 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Open-Source-Communities sind eine spezifische, durch Digitalisierung zugleich von Arbeitsprozessen und Produkten ermöglichte Form kollaborativer Innovationsarbeit, die wegen ihres besonderen Potenzials zur Organisation verteilter, überbetrieblicher Wissensproduktion zunehmend auch von Unternehmen für kommerzielle Zwecke genutzt wird. Doch obgleich digitale technische Infrastrukturen für diese Form von Innovationsarbeit zentral sind, ist das Gelingen von Community-basierten Innovationen auf jenseits der Technik liegende, sie stützende soziale Mechanismen von Gemeinschaftlichkeit angewiesen. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand einer Fallstudie die durch digitale Infrastrukturen vermittelte Koordination unterschiedlicher Akteure innerhalb einer Open-Source-Community mit spezifischem Blick auf Konflikte zwischen Unternehmen und Community und deren Bearbeitung durch die Akteure im Spannungsverhältnis von gemeinschaftlicher Governance in der Community und hierarchischer Governance in den Unternehmen.
Rethinking Constitutionalism: Using Epistemology to Show the Inadequacy of the Public/Private Distinction
Authors: Mancilla Roberto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe public/private distinction came to be in the 16th and 17th centuries as a form of a limitation of political power and structuring of social interactions – it is a product of its own time and in Western thought it is seen as a given. Does it still hold? In the first part of the paper I intend to offer a reconstruction of the public/private distinction, which I will then criticize by means of constructivist epistemology, i. e. the statement that knowledge is created by a cognizing subject and transmitted along to others. In the last part I then offer an alternative reconstruction, which in light of phenomena like globalization and technological advancement, centers on the mobility of subjects and resources. With the use of cognitive science, I will demonstrate that the distinction between private and public that is put at the center of Western thinking is but a construction, the meaning of which is created (and negotiated) in a given society. The reader will be persuaded that even if this alternative framework is not a suitable substitute for the public/private distinction, a serious discussion of the latter’s shortcomings must take place.
On The East-West Trade in Skill Intensive Tasks: Theory vs. Evidence
Authors: Burnete Sorin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In keeping with an already entrenched paradigm, international trade in tasks exerts upward pressure upon skilled workers’ wages in both home and host countries. Yet certain empirical evidence from intra-European trade shows that sometimes things occur in reverse, that is high skilled workers’ wages in home countries may decline as a result of offshoring, an outcome that looks like an inverse “maquiladora effect”. I try to show that such deviations do not fly in the face of mainstream theory but rather, they reflect the different conditions under which offshoring is performed today as compared to the ones prevailing two decades ago.
Social and Cultural Barriers in Translation
Authors: Ukpong Dominica E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There are barriers that translation must scale through to be effective, some of which are social and cultural. Social and cultural differences exist between and amongst nations. In most cases too, we find a country having several social/cultural diversities. These differences impede, in one way or the other, effective translation because of varying conceptions of reality occasioned by languages. This article examines some of the barriers that arise in the course of translation as a result of social/cultural factors. Bringing these barriers into the foray of discussion will also serve as a way of avoiding them.
The Dynamic Relationship between Crime and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Adekoya Adenuga Fabian , Abdul Razak Nor Azam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCrime is a major impediment to economic growth and development in Nigeria despite measures taken to reduce it. There is, however, currently no major statistical analysis of how crime affects economic growth in that country. This study examines the link between crime and growth based on the theory of rational choice and empirical data. Exogenous and endogenous growth models are employed, and include deterrence variables. The period examined is 1970–2013 and estimation is done using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results of our study show that crime affects economic growth at a 1% and 10% level of significance. In other words, crime imposes the costs of prosecution and punishment on the citizens and country, which influences the growth of the economy. Given our results, we suggest that police and the system of justice should be strengthened. Indeed, this may be necessary if the development target stated in Nigeria vision 20: 2020 is to be reached.
Antimony(III) and bismuth(III) complexes containing O- and N-chelating ligands: synthesis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric studies
Authors: Kushwaha Ajeet Kumar , Meenakshi  , Jaiswal Nitesh , Singh Avadhesh Pratap , Dubey Raj Kumar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReaction of SbCl
Anti-Perfectionism and Autonomy in an Imperfect World: Comments on Joseph Raz’s The Morality of Freedom 30 Years On
Authors: Christman John 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There are numerous ways to conceptualize autonomy and to account for its value. Of particular poignancy is the question of whether autonomy has value for those people and cultures that apparently reject liberal principles, otherwise considered. The answer one gives to that question has implications for whether autonomy-based liberalism can or should be seen as a perfectionist political philosophy. I consider these issues by looking again at Joseph Raz’s influential account of autonomy and its relation to his liberal perfectionism. I defend a proceduralist, non-perfectionist account of autonomy that, I argue, improves on Raz’s original view but in ways that are in keeping with its general spirit.
Diversification of Farmland use in Bangladesh: Land Allocation Impacts on Farm Profitability
Authors: Palash Md. Salauddin , Bauer Siegfried 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Smallholder farmers in Bangladesh face many difficulties. A trend towards fish farming has opened new opportunities in recent years. This research focuses on the concern, whether smallholders could improve their gross margins by improving the allocation of the available physical and non-physical resources. Combinations of the participatory, qualitative and quantitative methods were used for primary data collection. A linear programming based modelling approach shows that farmers can increase the farm gross margin by reallocating the land in the model solution. Essential requirements, e.g. determined by household consumption requirements, determine parts of the resource allocation. The remaining land is in tendency allocated to fish farming; where one specific fish farming alternative is dominant to others. In the scenario analysis, all farming groups keep the same proportion of land use pattern until a certain level of price change, beyond that crop farming is selected. Scenarios modifying the available fish feed show the significant sensitivity of this resource on the land allocation.
Difference between Written and Spoken Czech: The Case of Verbal Nouns Denoting an Action
Authors: Kolářová Veronika , Kolář Jan , Mikulová Marie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The present paper extends understanding of differences in expressing actions by verbal nouns in corpora of written vs. spoken Czech, namely in the Czech part of the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and in the Prague Dependency Treebank of Spoken Czech.
We show that while the written corpus includes more complex noun phrases with more explicit expression of adnominal participants, noun phrases in the spoken corpus contain more deletions and more exophoric references. We also carried out a quantitative analysis focusing on relative frequencies of combinations of participants modifying verbal nouns; although the written corpus shows higher relative frequencies, the order of the relative frequencies of particular combinations is the same in both types of communication.
Pterin function in bacteria
Authors: Feirer Nathan , Fuqua Clay 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Pterins are widely conserved biomolecules that play essential roles in diverse organisms. First described as enzymatic cofactors in eukaryotic systems, bacterial pterins were discovered in cyanobacteria soon after. Several pterin structures unique to bacteria have been described, with conjugation to glycosides and nucleotides commonly observed. Despite this significant structural diversity, relatively few biological functions have been elucidated. Molybdopterin, the best studied bacterial pterin, plays an essential role in the function of the Moco cofactor. Moco is an essential component of molybdoenzymes such as sulfite oxidase, nitrate reductase, and dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, all of which play important roles in bacterial metabolism and global nutrient cycles. Outside of the molybdoenzymes, pterin cofactors play important roles in bacterial cyanide utilization and aromatic amino acid metabolism. Less is known about the roles of pterins in nonenzymatic processes. Cyanobacterial pterins have been implicated in phenotypes related to UV protection and phototaxis. Research describing the pterin-mediated control of cyclic nucleotide metabolism, and their influence on virulence and attachment, points to a possible role for pterins in regulation of bacterial behavior. In this review, we describe the variety of pterin functions in bacteria, compare and contrast structural and mechanistic differences, and illuminate promising avenues of future research.
Controlled release fertilizers using superabsorbent hydrogel prepared by gamma radiation
Authors: Elbarbary Ahmed M. , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels (PVP/CMC) based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) of different copolymer compositions were prepared by gamma radiation. Factors affecting the gel content (%) and the swelling ratio (g/g) of hydrogel such as irradiation dose as well as copolymer composition were investigated. With increasing the CMC content in PVP/CMC hydrogels, increases the swelling and improves the water retention capability. The high swelling ratio was observed at copolymer composition of PVP/CMC (60/40). Fast swelling of the hydrogels was obtained after 20 min. The effect of different fertilizers and buffers of different pH’s on equilibrium swelling of hydrogels was investigated. Fertilizers such as urea, monopotassium-phosphate (MPK), and nitrogen-phosphate-potassium (NPK) were loaded onto the hydrogel to supply nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous nutrients. PVP/CMC hydrogels retained 28–36% after 72 h and slow retention was noticed up to 9 days. The swelling of hydrogel in fertilizer solutions is lower than that in water. The hydrogels showed adsorption desorption of fertilizers which governs by slow release property. The release rate of urea is much higher 10 times than that of phosphate. After 3 days, urea released 60%, while phosphate released 10–12%. The applicability of PVP/CMC hydrogels in the agricultural fields shows greater growth effect on zea maize plants. The growth of zea maize plant in soil mixed with PVP/CMC hydrogels loaded fertilizers is greater than untreated soil. The slow release fertilize, the high swelling and the slow water retention behaviors of PVP/CMC hydrogels encourage their use as safer release systems for fertilizers and as soil conditioner in agricultural applications.
Radiocomplexation and bioevaluation of 99mTc nitrido-piracetam as a model for brain imaging
Authors: Sanad M. H. , Farouk N. , Fouzy A. S. M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aim of the work is to radiolabel a piracetam using [99mTc≡N]2+core in order to give a 99mTcN-labeled piracetam complex, that is expected to concentrate in brain organ by AMPA receptors. The complex was prepared with high radiochemical purity (>98.0) and maintained stability throughout the working period (8 h) using different quality controls. Biodistribution investigation showed that, the maximum uptake of the complex in the brain was 13.5±0.12% at 5 min post injection (p.i.) of the injected dose/g which retained till 2 h post-injection.
Reinforcing polypropylene with calcium carbonate of different morphologies and polymorphs
Authors: Jing Yanwei , Nai Xueying , Dang Li , Zhu Donghai , Wang Yabin , Dong Yaping , Li Wu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with different polymorphs (calcite and aragonite) and morphologies (granular and rod-like) on mechanical and crystallization properties of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. Meanwhile, these CaCO3 fillers coated with oleic acid were added in different contents to PP. The results indicate that the tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, and crystallization property of the filler-treated samples are improved, but the impact strength decreased. The crystallinity of the composites is higher than that of neat PP. Moreover, in the rod shape filler-treated sample, in both whisker species, the mechanical properties of composites are superior to the particles filled. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical tests display that calcite whisker-reinforced composite has higher crystallization enthalpy, melting enthalpy, degree of crystallinity, and mechanical properties than aragonite whiskers and calcite particles filled composites.
Effects of calcium hydroxide and N-acetylcysteine on MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophage cell lines
Authors: Aslantaş Eda Ezgi , Aksoy Yasemin , Akkaya Ulum Yeliz Zülfiye , Ceyhan Deniz , Peynircioglu Banu , Buzoğlu Hatice Doğan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Aim
This study was evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase -2, -9 (MMP-2, -9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase -1, -2 (TIMP-1, -2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human macrophages.

Methods
Human monocyte precursor cells (THP-1) were differentiated into macrophage-adherent cells and were stimulated with LPS for 24 h. Then individually incubated with NAC or Ca(OH)2 for 24, 48 and 72 h. Following incubation, protein expression and mRNA levels of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1, -2 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data were statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA, to followed by Bonferroni test at α=0.05.

Results
NAC significantly decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of MMP-9, while Ca(OH)2 decreased mRNA expression alone at 24 h. NAC and Ca(OH)2 decreased mRNA expression of MMP-2 at 24 h, while NAC increased this expression at 48 h. Although NAC and Ca(OH)2 decreased the mRNA expression of TIMP-1, -2 at 24 h, only NAC increased mRNA expression of TIMP-1 at 48 h.

Conclusion
At the early stages of inflammation, NAC and Ca(OH)2 have anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.