bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic regulation of enteroendocrine fate by Numb
Authors: Sallé Jérémy , Gervais Louis , Boumard Benjamin , Stefanutti Marine , Siudeja Katarzyna , Bardin Allison J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHow terminal cell fates are specified in dynamically renewing adult tissues is not well understood. Here we explore terminal cell fate establishment during homeostasis using the enteroendocrine cells (EEs) of the adult Drosophila midgut as a paradigm. Our data argue against the existence of local feedback signals, and we identify Numb as an intrinsic regulator of EE fate. Our data further indicate that Numb, with alpha‐adaptin, acts upstream or in parallel of known regulators of EE fate to limit Notch signaling, thereby facilitating EE fate acquisition. We find that Numb is regulated in part through its asymmetric and symmetric distribution during stem cell divisions; however, its de novo synthesis is also required during the differentiation of the EE cell. Thus, this work identifies Numb as a crucial factor for cell fate choice in the adult Drosophila intestine. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that cell‐intrinsic control mechanisms of terminal cell fate acquisition can result in a balanced tissue‐wide production of terminally differentiated cell types.
The Evolutionary Basis of Translational Accuracy in Plants
Authors: Camiolo Salvatore , Sablok Gaurav , Porceddu Andrea 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mistranslation errors compromise fitness by wasting resources on nonfunctional proteins. In order to reduce the cost of mistranslations, natural selection chooses the most accurately translated codons at sites that are particularly important for protein structure and function. We investigated the determinants underlying selection for translational accuracy in several species of plants belonging to three clades: Brassicaceae, Fabidae, and Poaceae. Although signatures of translational selection were found in genes from a wide range of species, the underlying factors varied in nature and intensity. Indeed, the degree of synonymous codon bias at evolutionarily conserved sites varied among plant clades while remaining uniform within each clade. This is unlikely to solely reflect the diversity of tRNA pools because there is little correlation between synonymous codon bias and tRNA abundance, so other factors must affect codon choice and translational accuracy in plant genes. Accordingly, synonymous codon choice at a given site was affected not only by the selection pressure at that site, but also its participation in protein domains or mRNA secondary structures. Although these effects were detected in all the species we analyzed, their impact on translation accuracy was distinct in evolutionarily distant plant clades. The domain effect was found to enhance translational accuracy in dicot and monocot genes with a high GC content, but to oppose the selection of more accurate codons in monocot genes with a low GC content.
A Coding Variant in the Gene Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 4 (BBS4) Is Associated with a Novel Form of Canine Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Authors: Chew Tracy , Haase Bianca , Bathgate Roslyn , Willet Cali E , Kaukonen Maria K , Mascord Lisa J , Lohi Hannes T , Wade Claire M 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProgressive retinal atrophy is a common cause of blindness in the dog and affects &gt;100 breeds. It is characterized by gradual vision loss that occurs due to the degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Similar to the human counterpart retinitis pigmentosa, the canine disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and the underlying cause remains unknown for many cases. We use a positional candidate gene approach to identify putative variants in the Hungarian Puli breed using genotyping data of 14 family-based samples (CanineHD BeadChip array, Illumina) and whole-genome sequencing data of two proband and two parental samples (Illumina HiSeq 2000). A single nonsense SNP in exon 2 of BBS4 (c.58A &gt; T, p.Lys20*) was identified following filtering of high quality variants. This allele is highly associated (PCHISQ = 3.425e−14, n = 103) and segregates perfectly with progressive retinal atrophy in the Hungarian Puli. In humans, BBS4 is known to cause Bardet–Biedl syndrome which includes a retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. From the observed coding change we expect that no functional BBS4 can be produced in the affected dogs. We identified canine phenotypes comparable with Bbs4-null mice including obesity and spermatozoa flagella defects. Knockout mice fail to form spermatozoa flagella. In the affected Hungarian Puli spermatozoa flagella are present, however a large proportion of sperm are morphologically abnormal and &lt;5% are motile. This suggests that BBS4 contributes to flagella motility but not formation in the dog. Our results suggest a promising opportunity for studying Bardet–Biedl syndrome in a large animal model.
Rapid Cycling Genomic Selection in a Multiparental Tropical Maize Population
Authors: Zhang Xuecai , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Burgueño Juan , Olsen Michael , Buckler Edward , Atlin Gary , Prasanna Boddupalli M , Vargas Mateo , San Vicente Félix , Crossa José 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) increases genetic gain by reducing the length of the selection cycle, as has been exemplified in maize using rapid cycling recombination of biparental populations. However, no results of GS applied to maize multi-parental populations have been reported so far. This study is the first to show realized genetic gains of rapid cycling genomic selection (RCGS) for four recombination cycles in a multi-parental tropical maize population. Eighteen elite tropical maize lines were intercrossed twice, and self-pollinated once, to form the cycle 0 (C0) training population. A total of 1000 ear-to-row C0 families was genotyped with 955,690 genotyping-by-sequencing SNP markers; their testcrosses were phenotyped at four optimal locations in Mexico to form the training population. Individuals from families with the best plant types, maturity, and grain yield were selected and intermated to form RCGS cycle 1 (C1). Predictions of the genotyped individuals forming cycle C1 were made, and the best predicted grain yielders were selected as parents of C2; this was repeated for more cycles (C2, C3, and C4), thereby achieving two cycles per year. Multi-environment trials of individuals from populations C0, C1, C2, C3, and C4, together with four benchmark checks were evaluated at two locations in Mexico. Results indicated that realized grain yield from C1 to C4 reached 0.225 ton ha−1 per cycle, which is equivalent to 0.100 ton ha−1 yr−1 over a 4.5-yr breeding period from the initial cross to the last cycle. Compared with the original 18 parents used to form cycle 0 (C0), genetic diversity narrowed only slightly during the last GS cycles (C3 and C4). Results indicate that, in tropical maize multi-parental breeding populations, RCGS can be an effective breeding strategy for simultaneously conserving genetic diversity and achieving high genetic gains in a short period of time.
The RNAi Inheritance Machinery ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Spracklin George , Fields Brandon , Wan Gang , Becker Diveena , Wallig Ashley , Shukla Aditi , Kennedy Scott 
Published: May 2017

AbstractdsRNA-mediated gene silencing is heritable in Caenorhabditis elegans, termed RNAi inheritance. Spracklin et al. describe the results of a forward genetic...Gene silencing mediated by dsRNA (RNAi) can persist for multiple generations in Caenorhabditis elegans (termed RNAi inheritance). Here we describe the results of a forward genetic screen in C. elegans that has identified six factors required for RNAi inheritance: GLH-1/VASA, PUP-1/CDE-1, MORC-1, SET-32, and two novel nematode-specific factors that we term here (heritable RNAi defective) HRDE-2 and HRDE-4. The new RNAi inheritance factors exhibit mortal germline (Mrt) phenotypes, which we show is likely caused by epigenetic deregulation in germ cells. We also show that HRDE-2 contributes to RNAi inheritance by facilitating the binding of small RNAs to the inheritance Argonaute (Ago) HRDE-1. Together, our results identify additional components of the RNAi inheritance machinery whose conservation provides insights into the molecular mechanism of RNAi inheritance, further our understanding of how the RNAi inheritance machinery promotes germline immortality, and show that HRDE-2 couples the inheritance Ago HRDE-1 with the small RNAs it needs to direct RNAi inheritance and germline immortality.
Gene Introgression in Weeds Depends on Initial Gene Location in the Crop:Brassica napus–Raphanus raphanistrumModel
Authors: Adamczyk-Chauvat Katarzyna , Delaunay Sabrina , Vannier Anne , François Caroline , Thomas Gwenaëlle , Eber Frédérique , Lodé Maryse , Gilet Marie , Huteau Virginie , Morice Jérôme , Nègre Sylvie , Falentin Cyril , Coriton Olivier , Darmency Henri , Alrustom Bachar , Jenczewski Eric , Rousseau-Gueutin Mathieu , Chèvre Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of gene location within a crop genome on its transfer to a weed genome remains an open question for gene flow assessment. To elucidate this question, we analyzed advanced generations of intergeneric hybrids, derived from an initial pollination of known oilseed rape varieties (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 38) by a local population of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, RrRr, 2n = 18). After five generations of recurrent pollination, 307 G5 plants with a chromosome number similar to wild radish were genotyped using 105 B. napus specific markers well distributed along the chromosomes. They revealed that 49.8% of G5 plants carried at least one B. napus genomic region. According to the frequency of B. napus markers (0–28%), four classes were defined: Class 1 (near zero frequency), with 75 markers covering ∼70% of oilseed rape genome; Class 2 (low frequency), with 20 markers located on 11 genomic regions; Class 3 (high frequency), with eight markers on three genomic regions; and Class 4 (higher frequency), with two adjacent markers detected on A10. Therefore, some regions of the oilseed rape genome are more prone than others to be introgressed into wild radish. Inheritance and growth of plant progeny revealed that genomic regions of oilseed rape could be stably introduced into wild radish and variably impact the plant fitness (plant height and seed number). Our results pinpoint that novel technologies enabling the targeted insertion of transgenes should select genomic regions that are less likely to be introgressed into the weed genome, thereby reducing gene flow.
Fluoride Glass Fiber Lasers
Authors: Tropper A. C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe versatility of lanthanide-doped fluorozirconate glass fiber as a laser material is evident since over the past four years more than 30 laser transitions have been demonstrated in this medium, at wavelengths ranging from 480nm to 3.45μm. In this low phonon-energy glass metastable lanthanide energy levels are found wherever the gap to the next level exceeds ∼2000cm-1. The glass not only has extended transparency in the infrared but also appears resistant to photochromic damage by blue radiation, making it an attractive blue laser gain medium. In particular it has been shown that some blue and green laser transitions in these fibers can be operated efficiently with infrared pumping, offering the possibility of diodepumped operation. Various schemes are potentially of interest; for example 3mW of 493nm laser power has been generated from a praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber pumped at two wavelengths by the emission and unabsorbed 840nm pump radiation from an ytterbium-doped silica fiber laser.
High Slope Efficiency and Low Threshold in a Diode Pumped Epitaxially Grown Yb:YAG Waveguide Laser
Authors: Chartier Isabelle , Wyon C. , Pelenc D. , Ferrand B. , Shepherd D. P. , Hanna D. C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report the 1.03 μm laser operation of a diode-pumped Yb doped YAG planar waveguide at room temperature. The fabrication of multilayer planar waveguides by Liquid Phase Epitaxy and their characterization are also described.Laser results (40 mW threshold, 80 % slope efficiency) obtained with a 2.9 % output coupler compares favourably with bulk results reported elsewhere.
Growth Studies and X-Ray Topographical Assessment of KTP
Authors: Hutton K B , Ward R C C , Godfrey K W 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDevice quality single crystals of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) have been grown using a top seeded solution growth method which incorporates a crystal weighing facility and which takes advantage of saturation temperatures well below the accepted transition temperature of this material. Weight and crucible temperature data are received and displayed on a monitoring computer in the form of a growth profile. Results obtained from the growth programme are discussed including the effect of very slow cooling (< 0.03 °C/hr) on the control of growth quality and a study of growth defects using x-ray diffraction topography carried out using synchrotron radiation. Variations on the standard K6P4O13 flux were investigated, including the addition of CeO2 to improve optical transmission and the use of K7P3O11 as an alternative growth solution.
Advances in Dye-Doped Sol-Gel Lasers
Authors: Dunn B. , Nishida F. , Toda R. , Zink J. I. , Allik T. H. , Chandra S. , Hutchinson J. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe sol-gel process is a solution synthesis technique which provides a low temperature chemical route for the preparation of rigid transparent matrices. A number of laser dyes have been incorporated in different sol-gel matrices and tunable laser action has been demonstrated with these materials. This paper extends the sol-gel laser field into two significant areas, infrared dyes and pyrromethenes. The work with the tricarbocyanine dyes shows the versatility of sol-gel chemistry as organic modifications produce a favorable environment for the dye molecules. The results with the pyrromethene system show a considerable increase in output energy and offer the promise of longer laser lifetimes.
Progress Toward Thin-Film LiNbO3 Waveguides on GaAs
Authors: Kingston J. J. , Leplingard F. , Fork D. K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe availability of epitaxial ferroelectric films on semiconductor substrates would open up many options for integrated optics technology. There are significant materials issues involved in achieving this integration and we will report on progress toward optical waveguide fabrication on GaAs substrates. As a first step, we are investigating the fabrication of z-LiNbO3 waveguides on A12O3-c. The films have been deposited by off-axis rf magnetron sputtering and characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopies. Prism coupling has been used to determine waveguide thickness, indices of refraction and propogation losses. Issues concerning crystallography, texture, composition, surface roughness and processing will be discussed.
Coherent Phonon Materials for Laser Applications
Authors: Cheng T. K. , Vidal J. , Zeiger H. J. , Ippen E. P. , Dresselhaus G. , Dresselhaus M. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith the development of the short pulse laser source, it has been demonstrated that molecular [1–4] and lattice dynamics [5–7] can be studied in the time domain. Pulses of light that are short compared to the optical phonon period have been found to initiate coherent lattice vibrations through various mechanisms which depend on the material type. The purpose of this paper is to describe the observation of the coherent phonon phenomenon in semimetals and narrow-gap semiconductors, and to propose a potential application of this phenomenon as a terahertz light modulator.
KLTN Self-Pumped Phase Conjugation
Authors: Wei Jiangqian , Guan Qingcai , Wang Jiyang , Yue Xuefeng , Shao Zongshu , Liu Yaogang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHomogenous tetragonal potassium lithium tantalate niobate (KLTN) crystals were grown using the flux pulling method. A two-wave-mixing gain coefficient of 0.5cm−1 has been measured using undoped KLTN. The gain coefficient can be increased to 2.7 cm−1 after doping of 0.2wt% Fe. The “cat” self-pumped phase conjugator was performed, for the first time, with KLTN:Fe crystal. We obtained a reflectivity of 14% and a response time less than 3 seconds using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG quasi-continuous laser.
Preparation of Ultrathin Nanocomposite Films from Exfoliated Aluminosilicate/Coumarin Dye Complexes and Cationic Polyelectrolytes by Layer-by-Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Blumstein Alexandre , Kumar Jayant , Sung Changmo , Tripathy Sukant K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMultilayer nanocomposite films have been prepared from exfoliated aluminosilicate/coumarin dye complex through layer-by-layer self-assembly using cationic polyelectrolytes. Coumarin dye molecules were intercalated into the layered aluminosilicate by an ion exchange reaction. Particles of the hectorite/dye complex were delaminated by extensive shaking and sonication of their water suspension into 2∼3 nm-thin silicate layers with molecules of the dye adsorbed on their surface. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data are in agreement with such a model. Ultrathin multilayered films were prepared using layer-by-layer self-assembly from the aluminosilicate platelets and a cationic polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDAC). Linear build-up of the films up to 20 cycles was demonstrated and investigated using absorption spectroscopy and spectrofluorometer. The resulting transparent films have exhibited strong characteristic blue-green fluorescence due to coumarin dye molecules adhered to the exfoliated hectorite platelets.
Light-Emitting Devices Based on a Binuclear Complex of Ruthenium(II) with Crown Ether as Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Lafolet Frédéric , Gorgy Karine , Leprêtre Jean-Claude , Stéphan Olivier 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSolid-state light-emitting devices have been fabricated by using blends of a binuclear complex of ruthenium(II), with both 1,6-bis[4-(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)]hexane and regular 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and lithium trifluorosulfonate/18-crown-6 ether complex. Orange light is emitted for low turn on voltage, i.e. ranging from 2.5-3V, close to the electrochemical gap of the binuclear Ru-based complex. However, the device performances decrease upon operation within few hours. We report that the main degradation process involved in the decrease of the light emission intensity during device operation is based on an electrochemical degradation of the ruthenium complex, mainly a loss of capacity on the reduction side.
Formation of Two-Dimensional Electronic System and Weak Localization in Conducting Langmuir-Blodgett Film of BEDO-TTF with Stearic Acid
Authors: Ishizaki Yasuo , Suzuki Makoto , Ohnuki Hitoshi , Imakubo Tatsuro , Izumi Mitsuru 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe organic highly conducting Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film formed by a molecular association of BEDO-TTF and stearic acid shows the logarithmic decrease of DC conductivity and negative magnetoresistance at low temperature. These data are interpreted by the weak localization of two-dimensional (2D) electronic system inside the homogeneous conducting layer of BEDO-TTF molecules. The electronic length with phase memory has a mesoscopic scale. Strong evidence of the 2D coherent charge transport in the conducting LB film is provided for the first time.
Enhanced Second Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities in Ionically Self-Assembled Films Incorporating Dianionic Molecules
Authors: Neyman P.J. , Guzy M.T. , Shah S. , Van Cott K.E. , Davis R.M. , Wang H. , Gibson H.W. , Brands C. , Heflin J.R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIonically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films have been recently shown to spontaneously produce noncentrosymmetric ordering that gives rise to a substantial second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Typically, the ISAM films for NLO response are an assemblage of bilayers of oppositely charged polymers whose thickness can be controlled through variation of pH and ionic strength of the immersion solutions. Here, we study the effects of replacing the NLO-active polymer layers with layers of dianionic molecules. Films fabricated exclusively using polyelectrolytes contain some fraction of both randomly oriented and anti-parallel oriented chromophores. The incorporation of dianionic molecules within the ISAM films affords greater χ(2) due to increased net polar orientation of the chromophores.
Electrical Rectification by a Monolayer of Hexadecylquinolinium Tricyanoquinodimethanide Sandwiched Between Gold Electrodes
Authors: Metzger Robert M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTUnimolecular rectification, previously reported between oxide-bearing electrodes, was detected between oxide-free Au electrodes for a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of the zwitterionic D+∼-A- molecule hexadecylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide, C16H33Q-3CNQ. The top gold electrode was deposited from a Au vapor pre-cooled by multiple collisions with Ar atoms. The maximum rectification ratio is 27.5 at 2.2 Volts (the average rectification ratio is 7.55). The currents are as large as 9.04 × 104 electrons molecule-1 s-1. The result reinforces previous work with oxide-bearing Al electrodes, but the currents with Au electrodes are larger by three to five orders of magnitude.
Godność człowieka, jego zaangażowania i komunikowania się
Authors: Misztal Wojciech 
Published: May 2017

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię postrzegania godności we współczesnym świecie, przy czym spośród wielu możliwości został uwzględniony świat przekazu cyfrowego. Następnie ukazano godność zaangażowania się osoby ludzkiej. Jednym z ważnych obszarów jej aktywności jest komunikowanie się. Prowadzi to do podjęcia zagadnienia godności ludzkiego komunikowania się. Taki kontekst stanowi podstawę do sformułowania pytania o godność mediów i szukania na nie odpowiedzi.
Tożsamość człowieka w pedagogicznym kontekście nowoczesnych technologii mass mediów
Authors: Ryszka Łukasz 
Published: May 2017

Współczesne media stały się zjawiskiem masowym i wszechobecnym, dlatego wywierają wpływ na percepcję świata przez widzów oraz sprzyjają tworzeniu nowego kulturowego obrazu rzeczywistości. Jednocześnie widz – odbiorca, staje się również kreatorem tejże rzeczywistości. W kontekście oceny roli mediów nasuwa się jednak pytanie, czy człowiek w świecie wszechobecnego „nadzoru” mediów może być wolny i zachować atrybuty podmiotowego istnienia, w tym swojej wolności? W kontekście współczesnej socjalizacji, zwłaszcza młodego pokolenia, która przebiega zupełnie inaczej niż dawniej, zasadne wydaje się zadawanie wciąż na nowo pytania o to, w jaki sposób dzisiejsze mass media kształtują tożsamość człowieka i na nią wpływają. Wcześniej człowiek otrzymywał wzory kultury w kręgu najbliższego otoczenia, jakie stanowiła dla niego rodzina czy wspólnota narodowa. Współczesne systemy informacyjne porównuje się często do sił natury, które nadają nowy kształt społeczeństwu. Z punktu widzenia pedagogiki najistotniejszym elementem jest jednak działanie nad wykryciem i przeciwdziałaniem błędom niewłaściwego korzystania z mass mediów. Chodzi więc o przygotowanie człowieka do ich odbioru, ale również właściwego współtworzenia.
Tabu politycznej poprawności – tarcza czy kaganiec?
Authors: Soczyński Sławomir 
Published: May 2017

Dość powszechnie praktykowana dziś – szczególnie w urzędach i mediach – polityczna poprawność, a także mechanizmy, którymi się ona posługuje, doczekały się już licznych opracowań. Wśród nich znajdziemy te, których autorzy wyrażają swoje obawy i lęki, zarzucając politycznej poprawności przede wszystkim próbę ograniczenia tak ważnej dla współczesnego człowieka wartości, jaką jest wolność słowa. Na przeciwległym biegunie są natomiast te publikacje, w których podkreśla się jej znaczenie w walce o równość każdej osoby. Śmiało możemy powiedzieć, że autorzy z obu grup stoją na straży istotnych dla naszej społeczności wartości, mających swe źródło w godności osoby ludzkiej. Artykuł ten jest próbą analizy zjawiska, jakim jest poprawność polityczna, i poszukiwaniem podłoża konfliktu wskazanych postaw.