bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’enfant borderline en devenir II : validation préliminaire de l’Échelle de traits de personnalité limite pour enfants
Authors: Dubé Geneviève , Terradas Miguel M. , Arsenault Sophie 
Published: February 2016

Le trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) est une psychopathologie sévère qui engendre une grande détresse personnelle et familiale et dont l’étiologie remonte à l’enfance. Les données empiriques appuyant une certaine stabilité temporelle des traits de personnalité de l’enfance à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte, plusieurs auteurs soutiennent qu’il est possible d’observer chez des enfants et des adolescents des traits de personnalité pouvant être associés aux caractéristiques du TPL à l’âge adulte. Peu d’instruments permettent toutefois d’identifier chez les enfants et les adolescents des traits associés au TPL, d’où l’intérêt du Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C). Basé sur une perspective développementale, cet instrument mesure les traits de personnalité limite chez les enfants de neuf ans et plus par un questionnaire autorapporté. Une première étude de validation de la version française de l’instrument démontre une cohérence interne très satisfaisante. Les corrélations entre les deux versions de l’instrument (en anglais et en français) sont significatives. L’analyse en composantes principales révèle un modèle en quatre composantes qui présente des similarités avec les quatre sous-échelles de la version anglaise, mais diffère quant à la répartition des énoncés appartenant initialement à la sous-échelle « problèmes d’identité » du BPFS-C. La poursuite de la validation de cet instrument permettrait d’identifier des traits de personnalité et des comportements associés au développement du TPL dans l’enfance et favoriserait la réalisation d’études prospectives afin d’augmenter les connaissances sur l’étiologie du TPL, ses manifestations et sa trajectoire au cours du développement.
Optical correlation-domain reflectometry without optical frequency shifter
Authors: Shizuka Makoto , Shimada Shumpei , Hayashi Neisei , Mizuno Yosuke , Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
To achieve distributed reflectivity measurements along an optical fiber, we developed a simplified cost-effective configuration for optical correlation- (or coherence-) domain reflectometry based on a synthesized optical coherence function using sinusoidal modulation. By excluding the conventional optical heterodyne detection that accompanies the frequency shift (without using an acousto-optic modulator) and by exploiting the foot of the electrical Fresnel reflection spectrum, the electrical bandwidth required for signal processing is lowered to several megahertz. We evaluate the basic system performance and demonstrate its high-speed operation (10 ms for one scan) by tracking a moving reflection point in real time.
High-peak-power subnanosecond pulse characteristics in a doubly Q-switched and mode-locking green laser with electro-optic modulator and Cr4+:YAG
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Zhao Jia , Yang Kejian , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Guiqiu , Li Dechun , Li Tao , Qiao Wenchao 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
By simultaneously employing an electro-optic (EO) modulator and Cr4+:YAG in a dual-loss-modulated Q-switched and mode-locking (QML) Nd:Lu0.15Y0.85VO4/KTP green laser, a subnanosecond single mode-locking (ML) green pulse with high peak power underneath a Q-switched envelope is obtained. Three Cr4+:YAG absorbers with different initial transmissions are used in the experiment. The pulse characteristics versus incident pump power under different initial transmissions and modulation frequencies are measured. The shortest pulse duration of 349 ps is obtained with a pulse energy as high as 371 µJ, corresponding to a peak power of 1.063 MW.
Multiple sources of soluble atmospheric iron to Antarctic waters
Authors: Winton V. H. L. , Edwards R. , Delmonte B. , Ellis A. , Andersson P. S. , Bowie A. , Bertler N. A. N. , Neff P. , Tuohy A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Ross Sea, Antarctica, is a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean. Significant new sources of iron (Fe) are required to sustain phytoplankton blooms in the austral summer. Atmospheric deposition is one potential source. The fractional solubility of Fe is an important variable determining Fe availability for biological uptake. To constrain aerosol Fe inputs to the Ross Sea region, fractional solubility of Fe was analyzed in a snow pit from Roosevelt Island, eastern Ross Sea. In addition, aluminum, dust, and refractory black carbon (rBC) concentrations were analyzed, to determine the contribution of mineral dust and combustion sources to the supply of aerosol Fe. We estimate exceptionally high dissolved Fe (dFe) flux of 1.2 × 10−6 g m−2 y−1 and total dissolvable Fe flux of 140 × 10−6 g m−2 y−1 for 2011/2012. Deposition of dust, Fe, Al, and rBC occurs primarily during spring‐summer. The observed background fractional Fe solubility of ~0.7% is consistent with a mineral dust source. Radiogenic isotopic ratios and particle size distribution of dust indicates that the site is influenced by local and remote sources. In 2011/2012 summer, relatively high dFe concentrations paralleled both mineral dust and rBC deposition. Around half of the annual aerosol Fe deposition occurred in the austral summer phytoplankton growth season; however, the fractional Fe solubility was low. Our results suggest that the seasonality of dFe deposition can vary and should be considered on longer glacial‐interglacial timescales.
Contribution of regional sources to atmospheric methane over the Amazon Basin in 2010 and 2011
Authors: Wilson Chris , Gloor Manuel , Gatti Luciana V. , Miller John B. , Monks Sarah A. , McNorton Joey , Bloom A. Anthony , Basso Luana S. , Chipperfield Martyn P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present an assessment of methane (CH4) atmospheric concentrations over the Amazon Basin for 2010 and 2011 using a 3‐D atmospheric chemical transport model, two wetland emission models, and new observations made during biweekly flights made over four locations within the basin. We attempt to constrain basin‐wide CH4 emissions using the observations, and since 2010 was an unusually dry year, we assess the effect of this drought on Amazonian methane emissions. We find that South American emissions contribute up to 150 ppb to concentrations at the sites, mainly originating from within the basin. Our atmospheric model simulations agree reasonably well with measurements at three of the locations (0.28 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.63, mean bias ≤ 9.5 ppb). Attempts to improve the simulated background CH4 concentration through analysis of simulated and observed sulphur hexafluoride concentrations do not improve the model performance, however. Through minimisation of seasonal biases between the simulated and observed atmospheric concentrations, we scale our prior emission inventories to derive total basin‐wide methane emissions of 36.5–41.1 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2010 and 31.6–38.8 Tg(CH4)/yr in 2011. These totals suggest that the Amazon contributes significantly (up to 7%) to global CH4 emissions. Our analysis indicates that factors other than precipitation, such as temperature variations or tree mortality, may have affected microbial emission rates. However, given the uncertainty of our emission estimates, we cannot say definitively whether the noncombustion emissions from the region were different in 2010 and 2011, despite contrasting meteorological conditions between the two years.
Modeled temperatures and fluid source distributions for the Mexican subduction zone: Effects of hydrothermal circulation and implications for plate boundary seismic processes
Authors: Perry Matthew , Spinelli Glenn A. , Wada Ikuko , He Jiangheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn subduction zones, spatial variations in pore fluid pressure are hypothesized to control the sliding behavior of the plate boundary fault. The pressure‐temperature paths for subducting material control the distributions of dehydration reactions, a primary control on the pore fluid pressure distribution. Thus, constraining subduction zone temperatures are required to understand the seismic processes along the plate interface. We present thermal models for three margin‐perpendicular transects in the Mexican subduction zone. We examine the potential thermal effects of vigorous fluid circulation in a high‐permeability aquifer within the basaltic basement of the oceanic crust and compare the results with models that invoke extremely high pore fluid pressures to reduce frictional heating along the megathrust. We combine thermal model results with petrological models to determine the spatial distribution of fluid release from the subducting slab and compare dewatering locations with the locations of seismicity, nonvolcanic tremor, slow‐slip events, and low‐frequency earthquakes. Simulations including hydrothermal circulation are most consistent with surface heat flux measurements. Hydrothermal circulation has a maximum cooling effect of 180°C. Hydrothermally cooled crust carries water deeper into the subduction zone; fluid release distributions in these models are most consistent with existing geophysical data. Our models predict focused fluid release, which could generate overpressures, coincident with an observed ultraslow layer (USL) and a region of nonvolcanic tremor. Landward of USLs, a downdip decrease in fluid source magnitude could result in the dissipation in overpressure in the oceanic crust without requiring a downdip increase in fault zone permeability, as posited in previous studies.
Multiscale seismic heterogeneity in the continental lithosphere
Authors: Kennett B. L. N. , Furumura T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe examine the nature of seismic heterogeneity in the continental lithosphere, with particular reference to Australia. With the inclusion of deterministic large‐scale structure and realistic medium‐scale features, there is not a need for strong fine‐scale variations. The resulting multiscale heterogeneity model gives a good representation of the character of observed seismograms and their geographic variation, and is also in good agreement with recent direct results on P wave reflectivity in the lithosphere. Fine‐scale heterogeneity is pervasive, but strongest in the crust. There is a weak quasi‐laminar component above the lithosphere‐asthenosphere transition with horizontal correlation length of 10 km and vertical correlation length of 0.5 km. Within the transition, the aspect ratio of heterogeneity changes and can be well represented with a horizontal correlation length of 5 km and vertical correlation length of 1 km. For the Australian cratons, this transition zone needs low intrinsic attenuation (high Q) to sustain the long high‐frequency coda of both P and S waves. The interaction of the different aspects of the heterogeneity is complex and produces a diversity of behavior depending on the relative thickness of the different lithospheric zones. The multiscale model reconciles many of the divergent concepts of the character of heterogeneity based on interpretations of particular aspects of the seismic wavefield. The varying nature of the heterogeneity also ties well with the variations in tectonic character across the Australian continent.
Ocean calibration approach for data from the GRACE Follow‐On mission
Authors: Bender Peter L. , Betts Casey R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has been providing valuable new information on time variations in the Earth's gravity field since 2002. In addition, the GRACE Follow‐On mission is scheduled to be flown soon after the end of life of the GRACE mission in order to minimize the loss of valuable data on the Earth's gravity field changes. In view of the major benefits to hydrology and oceanography, as well as to other fields, it is desirable to investigate the fundamental limits to monitoring the time variations in the Earth's gravity field during GRACE‐type missions. A simplified model is presented in this paper for making estimates of the effect of differential spurious accelerations of the satellites during times when four successive revolutions cross the Pacific Ocean. The analysis approach discussed is to make use of changes in the satellite separation observed during passages across low‐latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans to correct for spurious accelerations of the satellites. The low‐latitude regions of the Pacific and of other oceans are the extended regions where the a priori uncertainties in the time variations of the geopotential heights due to mass distribution changes are known best. In addition, advantage can be taken of the repeated crossings of the South Pole and the North Pole, since the uncertainties in changes in the geopotential heights at the poles during the time required for four orbit revolutions are likely to be small.
Investigation of earthquake jump distance for strike‐slip step overs based on 3‐D dynamic rupture simulations in an elastic half‐space
Authors: Hu Feng , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe systematically investigate the distance that dynamically propagating earthquake ruptures could jump across step overs in strike‐slip faults set in a homogeneous half‐space. The following factors are found to have major effects on the critical jump distance: the dimensionless effective shear stress, the initial normal stress, the Earth's free surface, and the accelerating length of the rupture front on the main fault prior to a jump. An important finding in this study is that the critical jump distance for extensional step overs could exceed 10 km under certain conditions, while ruptures on compressional step overs under the same conditions could only jump 6 km fault step overs. This may provide a physical explanation for some geological observations of over 10 km jump distance in natural earthquake. The critical jump distance usually increases as the dimensionless effective shear stress increases. Without the free surface effect, the critical jump distance for step overs could only reach up to 6 km, which is very close to the 5 km given by the classic 2‐D simulations.
Riverine skin temperature response to subsurface processes in low wind speeds
Authors: Brumer Sophia E. , Zappa Christopher J. , Anderson Steven P. , Dugan John P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBoth surface and subsurface processes modulate the surface thermal skin and as such the skin temperature may serve as an indicator for coastal, estuarine, and alluvial processes. Infrared (IR) imagery offers the unique tool to survey such systems, allowing not only to assess temperature variability of the thermal boundary layer, but also to derive surface flow fields through digital particle image velocimetry, optical flow techniques, or spectral methods. In this study, IR time‐series imagery taken from a boat moored in the Hudson River estuary is used to determine surface flow, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and characteristic temperature and velocity length scales. These are linked to subsurface measurements provided by in situ instruments. Under the low wind conditions and weak stratification, surface currents and dissipation rate are found to reflect subsurface mean flow (r2 = 0.89) and turbulence (r2 = 0.75). For relatively low dissipation rates, better correlations are obtained by computing dissipation rates directly from wavenumber spectra rather than when having to assume the validity of the Taylor hypothesis. Furthermore, the subsurface dissipation rate scales with the surface length scales (L) and mean flow (U) using
(r2 = 0.9). The surface length scale derived from the thermal fields is found to have a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.88) to water depth (D) with (D/L) ∼ 13. Such a relation may prove useful for remote bathymetric surveys when no waves are present.
The distribution of glacial meltwater in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, revealed by dissolved helium and neon
Authors: Kim Intae , Hahm Doshik , Rhee Tae Siek , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Chang‐Sin , Lee SangHoon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe light noble gases, helium (He) and neon (Ne), dissolved in seawater, can be useful tracers of freshwater input from glacial melting because the dissolution of air bubbles trapped in glacial ice results in an approximately tenfold supersaturation. Using He and Ne measurements, we determined, for the first time, the distribution of glacial meltwater (GMW) within the water columns of the Dotson Trough (DT) and in front of the Dotson and Getz Ice Shelves (DIS and GIS, respectively) in the western Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, in the austral summers of 2011 and 2012. The measured saturation anomalies of He and Ne (ΔHe and ΔNe) were in the range of 3–35% and 2–12%, respectively, indicating a significant presence of GMW. Throughout the DT, the highest values of ΔHe (21%) were observed at depths of 400–500 m, corresponding to the layer between the incoming warm Circumpolar Deep Water and the overlying Winter Water. The high ΔHe (and ΔNe) area extended outside of the shelf break, suggesting that GMW is transported more than 300 km offshore. The ΔHe was substantially higher in front of the DIS than the GIS, and the highest ΔHe (31%) was observed in the western part of the DIS, where concentrated outflow from the shelf to the offshore was observed. In 2012, the calculated GMW fraction in seawater based on excess He and Ne decreased by 30–40% compared with that in 2011 in both ice shelves, indicating strong temporal variability in glacial melting.
Meteorological factors contributing to the interannual variability of midsummer surface ozone in Colorado, Utah, and other western U.S. states
Authors: Reddy Patrick J. , Pfister Gabriele G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe use daily maximum 8 h average surface O3 concentrations (MDA8) for July 1995–2013, meteorological variables from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis, the North American Regional Reanalysis, and output from regional chemistry‐climate simulations to assess relationships between O3 and weather in the western U.S. We also explore relationships among July O3, satellite‐derived NO2, and meteorology. A primary objective of this study is to identify an effective method for correcting the effects of meteorology on July MDA8. We find significant correlations between July MDA8 O3 and meteorological variables for sites in or near Denver, Colorado, and Salt Lake City, Utah. The highest correlations were for 500 hPa heights, surface temperatures, and 700 hPa temperatures and zonal winds. We conclude that increased 500 hPa heights lead to high July O3 in much of the western U.S., particularly in areas of elevated terrain near urban sources of NO2 and other O3 precursors. In addition to bringing warmer temperatures and fewer clouds, upper level ridges decrease winds and allow cyclic terrain‐driven circulations to reduce transport away from sources. Because of strong, nearly linear responses of July MDA8 to 500 hPa heights, it is not reasonable to use uncorrected trends in peak O3 for assessments of the effectiveness of emissions controls for much of the western U.S. Robust linear regressions for July MDA8 and tropospheric NO2 with 500 hPa heights can be used to assess and correct trends in July MDA8 in the Intermountain West.
Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rondo L. , Ehrhart S. , Kürten A. , Adamov A. , Bianchi F. , Breitenlechner M. , Duplissy J. , Franchin A. , Dommen J. , Donahue N. M. , Dunne E. M. , Flagan R. C. , Hakala J. , Hansel A. , Keskinen H. , Kim J. , Jokinen T. , Lehtipalo K. , Leiminger M. , Praplan A. , Riccobono F. , Rissanen M. P. , Sarnela N. , Schobesberger S. , Simon M. , Sipilä M. , Smith J. N. , Tomé A. , Tröstl J. , Tsagkogeorgas G. , Vaattovaara P. , Winkler P. M. , Williamson C. , Wimmer D. , Baltensperger U. , Kirkby J. , Kulmala M. , Petäjä T. , Worsnop D. R. , Curtius J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H2SO4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI‐APi‐TOF (Chemical Ionization‐Atmospheric Pressure interface‐Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI‐APi‐TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (<5 to 70 pptv) the sulfuric acid monomer measured by the CIMS represents only a fraction of the total H2SO4, contained in the monomer and the clusters that is available for particle growth. Although it was found that the addition of dimethylamine dramatically changes the H2SO4 cluster distribution compared to binary (H2SO4‐H2O) conditions, the CIMS detection efficiency does not seem to depend substantially on whether an individual H2SO4 monomer is clustered with a DMA molecule. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations based on A Self‐contained Atmospheric chemistry coDe coupled with a molecular process model (Sulfuric Acid Water NUCleation) operated in the kinetic limit.
Emulation and Sobol' sensitivity analysis of an atmospheric dispersion model applied to the Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Girard Sylvain , Mallet Vivien , Korsakissok Irène , Mathieu Anne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSimulations of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides involve large uncertainties originating from the limited knowledge of meteorological input data, composition, amount and timing of emissions, and some model parameters. The estimation of these uncertainties is an essential complement to modeling for decision making in case of an accidental release. We have studied the relative influence of a set of uncertain inputs on several outputs from the Eulerian model Polyphemus/Polair3D on the Fukushima case. We chose to use the variance‐based sensitivity analysis method of Sobol'. This method requires a large number of model evaluations which was not achievable directly due to the high computational cost of Polyphemus/Polair3D. To circumvent this issue, we built a mathematical approximation of the model using Gaussian process emulation. We observed that aggregated outputs are mainly driven by the amount of emitted radionuclides, while local outputs are mostly sensitive to wind perturbations. The release height is notably influential, but only in the vicinity of the source. Finally, averaging either spatially or temporally tends to cancel out interactions between uncertain inputs.