bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Hinge Antibodies Recognize IgG Subclass– and Protease-Restricted Neoepitopes
Authors: Falkenburg Willem J. J. , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan , Ooijevaar-de Heer Pleuni , Tsang-A-Sjoe Michel W. P. , Bultink Irene E. M. , Voskuyl Alexandre E. , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Vidarsson Gestur , Wolbink Gertjan , Rispens Theo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Anti-hinge Abs (AHAs) target neoepitopes exposed after proteolytic cleavage of IgG. In this study, we explored the diversity of protease- and IgG subclass–restricted AHAs and their potential as immunological markers in healthy donors (HDs) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AHA reactivity against IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS)– or pepsin-generated F(ab′)2 fragments of all four human IgG subclasses was determined. AHA reactivity against one or more out of eight F(ab′)2 targets was found in 68% (68 of 100) of HDs, 69% (68 of 99) of SLE patients, and 81% (79 of 97) of RA patients. Specific recognition of hinge epitopes was dependent on IgG subclass and protease used to create the F(ab′)2 targets, as confirmed by inhibition experiments with F(ab′)2 fragments and hinge peptides. Reactivity against IdeS-generated F(ab′)2 targets was found most frequently, whereas reactivity against pepsin-generated F(ab′)2 targets better discriminated between RA and HDs or SLE, with significantly higher AHA levels against IgG1/3/4. In contrast, AHA levels against pepsin-cleaved IgG2 were comparable. No reactivity against IdeS-generated IgG2-F(ab′)2s was detected. The most discriminatory AHA reactivity in RA was against pepsin-cleaved IgG4, with a 35% prevalence, ≥5.8-fold higher than in HDs/SLE, and significantly higher levels (p &lt; 0.0001). Cross-reactivity for F(ab′)2s generated from different IgG subclasses was only observed for subclasses having homologous F(ab′)2 C termini (IgG1/3/4). For IgG2, two pepsin cleavage sites were identified; anti-hinge reactivity was restricted to only one of these. In conclusion, AHAs specifically recognize IgG subclass– and protease-restricted hinge neoepitopes. Their protease-restricted specificity suggests that different AHA responses developed under distinct inflammatory or infectious conditions and may be markers of, and participants in, such processes.
Predictors of Survival in Early-stage Laryngeal Cancer by Treatment Modality
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Thompson Trisha , Shi Runhua 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Our investigation attempts to identify factors associated with improved survival for early-stage laryngeal cancer based on primary therapy using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective cohort with data abstracted from the NCDB. Patients with T1 or T2N0M0 laryngeal cancer from 1998 to 2011 who received radiation only, laser surgery, or laser surgery with adjuvant radiation were included. Chi-square analysis was used to assess and investigate the association between treatment and factors. Overall survival (OS) was assessed via Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank methods were used to determine factors significant for survival, and a multivariable Cox regression model was performed.

Results
There were 14,276 patients from the NCDB eligible for this study. The majority (91.2%) of patients received primary radiation, 4.7% laser resection, and 4.0% laser resection with radiation. Five-year survival for laser surgery was 78.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 75.5–82.1%] vs 67.2% (95% CI 66.4–68.1%) for radiation alone. Multivariate analysis demonstrated advanced age, increased comorbidities, public or uninsured, T2 stage, supraglottic subsite to be independently associated with worse survival. Treatment with laser only and laser with adjuvant radiation demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.77 (p = 0.055) and 0.65 (p = 0.001) when compared with primary radiation.

Conclusion and clinical significance
Survival analysis on early-stage glottic patients in the NCDB showed multiple factors to be independently associated with survival. Outcomes based on treatment suggest an improved survival when utilizing endoscopic surgery as the primary treatment modality.

How to cite this article
Mehta V, Thompson T, Shi R. Predictors of Survival in Early-stage Laryngeal Cancer by Treatment Modality. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(3):173-181.
Intended and Achieved Torque of Implant Abutment's Screw using Manual Wrenches in Simulated Clinical Setting
Authors: Al-Otaibi Hanan N 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo measure the difference between the intended torque and the achieved torque by the operator using the springstyle mechanical torque-limiting device (MTLD).Materials and methodsInexperienced and experienced clinicians used one spring-type MTLD to torque two abutment screws of each anterior and posterior implants, which were attached to two digital torque meters through a jaw model. The jaw model was part of a preclinical bench manikin attached to a dental chair. The intended torque value was 35 N cm (recommended by manufacturer) and the technique of torquing was observed for all the participants (instantaneous and repeated). The mean torque value was calculated for each subject for the anterior and posterior implants independently; t-test was used to compare between the intended and achieved torque values and to compare between the experienced and inexperienced clinicians (p ≤0.05).ResultsThirty-seven clinicians participated, with an overall mean torque value of 34.30 N cm. The mean torque value of the achieved torque (34.30 ± 4.13 N cm) was statistically significantly less than the intended torque (p = 0.041). The male clinicians produced more statistically significantly accurate torque value (34.54 ± 3.78 N cm) than the female clinicians (p = 0.034), and the experienced clinicians produced more accurate torque values (34.9 ± 5.13 N cm) than the inexperienced clinicians (p = 0.048).ConclusionWithin the limitation of this study, the use of MTLDs did not always produce consistent torque values and the technique by which the operators use the MTLD might affect the torque value.How to cite this articleAl-Otaibi HN. Intended and Achieved Torque of Implant Abutment's Screw using Manual Wrenches in Simulated Clinical Setting. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):897-901.
Evaluation of Osseointegration in Implants using Digital Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Thopte Shameeka , Chopra Aastha , Mhapuskar Amit A , Marathe Swati , Nisa Shams U , Saddiwal Rashmi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Accurate assessment of osseointegration in dental implants requires precise radiographic visualization of pathologic conditions as well as anatomical structures. The present study aimed to evaluate the formation of bony tissue (osseointegration) using digital orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after implant insertion (within 7 days) and 3 months postinsertion.

Materials and methods
Twenty single-implant sites on mandibular posterior regions were selected on patients irrespective of their gender. Both digital OPG and CBCT were done within a week and again after 3 months of implant insertion surgery, using the same exposure parameters.

Results
Three of the 20 implants were submerged and were excluded as the crestal bone height could not be measured. The participants were recalled for radiographic measurements after 3 months of implant placement. On an average, there was 0.03 mm of osseointegration at the apical portion after 3 months of implant insertion on digital OPG; 0.04 mm of osseointegration at the crestal bone height after 3 months on digital OPG; and 0.01 mm of osseointegration at the apical portion after 3 months on CBCT. No change or ≤0.02 mm of osseointegration at crestal bone height after 3 months on CBCT.

Conclusion
Both digital OPG and CBCT are significant for the assessment of osseointegration in implants, and hence, endow definite benefit for accurate assessment in terms of the success of the implant placement.

Clinical significance
However, CBCT is a better mode of evaluating dental implants but one should keep in mind that radiographic examination must be conducted to the benefit of the patient by application of the lowest achievable dose.

How to cite this article
Chopra A, Mhapuskar AA, Marathe S, Nisa SU, Thopte S, Saddiwal R. Evaluation of Osseointegration in Implants using Digital Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(11):953-957.
The 10 bp duplication insertion/deletion in the promoter region within paired box 7 gene is associated with growth traits in cattle
Authors: Jin Yunyun , Cai Hanfang , Liu Jiming , Lin Fengpeng , Qi Xinglei , Bai Yueyu , Lei Chuzhao , Chen Hong , Lan Xianyong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Paired box 7 (Pax7) gene, a member of the paired box gene family, plays a critical role in animal growth and muscle development, especially in cell proliferation and self-renewal. The aim of this study was to detect the 10 base pair (bp) duplication insertion/deletion (indel) in the promoter region within the bovine Pax7 gene as well as its association with growth traits. Herein, a total of 718 individuals from five Chinese cattle breeds were sampled and detected. The 10 bp duplication indel was found in these cattle breeds and there were three genotypes: II (insertion/insertion), ID (insertion/deletion), and DD (deletion/deletion). Moreover, this indel was significantly associated with the body weight in Xianan cattle (P = 0.006), the body height in Jinjiang cattle (P = 0.046), and the hip width in Pi'nan cattle (P = 0.020). Consistently, the individuals with II genotype showed better phenotypic traits than those with the other genotypes in these five breeds. These findings suggest that the 10 bp duplication indel within the bovine Pax7 gene could be considered as an effective DNA molecular marker that provides valuable theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in beef cattle in the future.
Latitudinal and longitudinal dependence of the cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy during 2001–2014
Authors: Tezari Anastasia , Mavromichalaki Helen , Katsinis Dimitrios , Kanellakopoulos Anastasios , Kolovi Sofia , Plainaki Christina , Andriopoulou Maria 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The diurnal anisotropy of cosmic ray intensity for the time period 2001 to 2014 is studied, covering the maximum and the descending phase of solar cycle 23, the minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24, and the ascending phase and maximum of solar cycle 24. Cosmic ray intensity data from 11 neutron monitor stations located at different places around the Northern Hemisphere obtained from the high-resolution Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB) were used. Special software was developed for the calculations of the amplitude and the phase of the diurnal anisotropy vectors on annual and monthly basis using Fourier analysis and for the creation of the harmonic dial diagrams. The geomagnetic bending for each station was taken into account in our calculations determined from the asymptotic cones of each station via the Tsyganenko96 (Tsyganenko and Stern, 1996) magnetospheric model. From our analysis, it was resulted that there is a different behavior of the diurnal anisotropy vectors during the different phases of the solar cycles depending on the solar magnetic field polarity. The latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of the cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy was also examined by grouping the stations according to their geographic coordinates, and it was shown that diurnal variation is modulated not only by the latitude but also by the longitude of the stations. The diurnal anisotropy during strong events of solar and/or cosmic ray activity is discussed.
An analysis of uncertainties and skill in forecasts of winter storm losses
Authors: Pardowitz Tobias , Osinski Robert , Kruschke Tim , Ulbrich Uwe 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This paper describes an approach to derive probabilistic predictions of local winter storm damage occurrences from a global medium-range ensemble prediction system (EPS). Predictions of storm damage occurrences are subject to large uncertainty due to meteorological forecast uncertainty (typically addressed by means of ensemble predictions) and uncertainties in modelling weather impacts. The latter uncertainty arises from the fact that local vulnerabilities are not known in sufficient detail to allow for a deterministic prediction of damages, even if the forecasted gust wind speed contains no uncertainty. Thus, to estimate the damage model uncertainty, a statistical model based on logistic regression analysis is employed, relating meteorological analyses to historical damage records. A quantification of the two individual contributions (meteorological and damage model uncertainty) to the total forecast uncertainty is achieved by neglecting individual uncertainty sources and analysing resulting predictions. Results show an increase in forecast skill measured by means of a reduced Brier score if both meteorological and damage model uncertainties are taken into account. It is demonstrated that skilful predictions on district level (dividing the area of Germany into 439 administrative districts) are possible on lead times of several days. Skill is increased through the application of a proper ensemble calibration method, extending the range of lead times for which skilful damage predictions can be made.
Partnerships for disaster risk insurance in the EU
Authors: Mysiak Jaroslav , Pérez-Blanco C. Dionisio 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. With increasing costs inflicted by natural hazard perils, and amidst state budget cuts, concerns are mounting about the capacity of governments to design sustainable, equitable and affordable risk management schemes. The participation of the private sector along with the public one through public–private partnerships (PPPs) has gained importance as a means of providing catastrophic natural hazard insurance to address these seemingly conflicting objectives. In 2013 the European Commission launched a wide-ranging consultation about what EU action could be appropriate to improve the performance of insurance markets. Simultaneously, the EU legislator instigated major reforms in the legislation and regulations that pertain to how PPPs are designed or operate. This paper has a dual objective: first, we review and summarize the manifold legal background that influences the provision of insurance against natural catastrophes. Second, we examine how PPPs designed for sharing and transferring risk operate within the European regulatory constraints, illustrated using the example of the UK Flood Reinsurance Scheme (Flood RE) between the state and the Association of British Insurers.
Influence of different curing methods on the fatty acid composition in sausages prepared from red deer meat
Authors: Šnirc Marek , Belej Ľubomí­r , Židek Radoslav , Bobko Marek , Kročko Miroslav , Haščí­k Peter , Golian Jozef , Král Martin 
Published: November 2016

These curing agents play a decisive role in obtaining the specific sensory properties, stability and hygienic safety of products such as fermented sausages, ham and, more recently, emulsion type of sausages. The effect of using two different curing agents (sodium chloride and nitrate) on fatty acid compounds in dry-cured deer meat was investigated in our study. The concentration of free fatty acids in the fat depends on the hydrolytic activity of the lipases, the microbial metabolic processes, and the oxidative reactions that work on the free fatty acids released in the lipolysis. The main identified fatty acids in all different types of curing were palmitic acid (16 : 0), oleic acid (c18 : 1 cis-9), stearic acid (C18 : 0). The resulting n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the muscle samples of red deer showed no variation in different types of curing and was beneficially low within the range of 3.9 : 1 and 4.49 : 1. Total free fatty acids, whether saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, did not increased (p >0.05) greatly through the processing of dry-cured deer meat. Also there was no effect of curing method on fatty acids composition in two different muscles Semitendinosus muscle (ANOVA, p >0.05, F - 0.003, F crit. - 3.041) and Triceps brachii muscle (ANOVA, p >0.05, F - 0.05, F crit. - 3.01). There were found no significant (p >0.05) differences between fatty acids content in sausages prepared by brining in NaCl and Nitrate salt. The present study revealed that game meat can function as a good source of bioactive compounds that are essential for human nutrition.
NEW INSIGHTS INTO RUBBER NETWORK STRUCTURE BY A COMBINATION OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Basterra-Beroiz Beatriz , Rommel Robert , Kayser Francois , Westermann Stephan , Valentín Juan López , Heinrich Gert 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRobust quantitative cross-link density characterization becomes necessary for the complete understanding of the structure and optimization of final properties of rubber compounds for industrial applications. A combination of different experimental techniques have been used to establish the quantitative consistency on the correlations between the results obtained by the individual methods within a reliable unique (physically based) platform reclined on the concept of rubber elasticity that considers the impact of entanglements in technical rubbers. The contribution of cross-links and elastically active entanglements to mechanical properties has been quantified by the analysis of uniaxial stress–strain measurements by means of the extended tube model of rubber elasticity. In a complementary manner, rubber network structure has also been investigated by state-of-the-art multiple-quantum low-field NMR experiments and classical T1 and T2 relaxation measurements. In addition, equilibrium swelling data were analyzed by the classical phantom and Flory–Rehner limits as well as by applying the theoretical approach proposed by Helmis, Heinrich, and Straube that takes into account topological constraints during swelling. Correlations among these complementary techniques have been reported, and the interpretation of the obtained differences is addressed. The baseline study focuses on unfilled NR, setting the basis for the investigation of unfilled SBR matrices and filled rubbers.
Reacting to Emotion: Anger Arrests and Happiness Helps
Authors: Purcell Dean G. , Stewart Alan L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Using a new method of affect priming, we find that a face with an angry expression slows a participant’s performance; that is, we find anger inferiority. Our task presents a participant with a sequence of 2 visual stimuli. The first stimulus (S1) and the second stimulus (S2) represent anger or happiness. The S1s were words, schematic faces, or gray-scale faces, and the S2s were gray-scale faces. Participants performed an affect congruency task, judging whether S1 and S2 represent the same emotion. With standard affective priming, using identical stimulus parameters, superior performance is found when S1 and S2 represent the same affect. With our task, comparing the 2 stimuli results in anger inferiority. With both congruent and incongruent S1 and S2 the response times depend more strongly on the affect of S1 rather than that of S2. An angry S1 produced longer decision times and more errors than a happy S1.
Event-Based Prospective Memory Is Resistant but Not Immune to Proactive Interference
Authors: Oates Joyce M. , Peynircioğlu Zehra F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that proactive interference (PI) does not hurt event-based prospective memory (ProM) the way it does retrospective memory (RetroM) (Oates, Peynircioğlu, & Bates, 2015). We investigated this apparent resistance further. Introduction of a distractor task to ensure we were testing ProM rather than vigilance in Experiment 1 and tripling the number of lists to provide more opportunity for PI buildup in Experiment 2 still did not produce performance decrements. However, when the ProM task was combined with a RetroM task in Experiment 3, a comparable buildup and release was observed also in the ProM task. It appears that event-based ProM is indeed somewhat resistant to PI, but this resistance can break down when the ProM task comprises the same stimuli as in an embedded RetroM task. We discuss the results using the ideas of cue overload and distinctiveness as well as shared attentional and working memory resources.
Hierarchical Mazes in Psychological Research
Authors: Pasek Tomasz P. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Hierarchical mazes have been used in psychology for more than 100 years. During this time many different maze tasks have been created and used to test cognitive processes and distinguish personality traits. Some of these mazes seem better than others to test different abilities. This article describes the most important mazes used in psychological research and the most important procedures used with these mazes. More than 20 different hierarchical mazes (including maze sets with more than 1 maze, e.g., those of Porteus and Elithorn) were analyzed and classified to different categories.
Working Environment for Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Sattar Abdus , Dewri Leo Vashkor , Ananna Sharmin Akhter 
Published: November 2016

Women entrepreneurship is a very thorny task in Bangladesh like other developing nations. Generally, women entrepreneurs are facing number of hindrances during start-up to operating their enterprises though they have enormous contribution to the national economic growth and employment generation. The aim of this research study is to scrutinize the working environment for women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. To conduct the study 752 sample has been considered and examined to get research outcome. The research results reveal that Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs generally have very limited financial capabilities to initiate their business as well as inadequate of collateral facilities leads to discourage the financial institutions to offer credit facilities to them. Also women entrepreneurs face other social constrains to operate and manage their business those can be connected with gender discrimination, undermining as economic means, legal constrains and imperfect view by financial institutions that women are unable to manage their business.
Contribution to the Willowsia species having body scales of the long basal rib type: four new species and a redescription of W. qui (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
Authors: Pan Zhixiang , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2016

Four new species of the genus Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 are described from China: W. fascia Zhang & Pan sp. nov., W. pseudoplatani Zhang & Pan sp. nov., W. pseudobuskii sp. nov., and W. similis sp. nov. Willowsia qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 is re-described based on types and fresh material. All five species possess the pointed body scales with basal ribs longer than distal ones. These scales are absent on antennae, legs, ventral tube and furca. Colour pattern and dorsal chaetotaxy are the main diagnostic characters for these species. DNA barcodes of four species are also provided, with genetic distances compared. A key to the Willowsia species having scales of the long basal rib type is given.
Reflexos sonoros da guerra em dois romances de Erico Verissimo: a música em Saga e o Prisioneiro
Authors: Werlang Gérson Luís 
Published: November 2016

Dois aspectos recorrentes na obra de Erico Verissimo são a presença constante da música e suas preocupações humanistas. O humanismo levou o escritor a escrever alguns romances que tematizam conflitos bélicos importantes do século XX, otadamente, a Guerra Civil Espanhola, presente em Saga, e a Guerra do Vietnã, tematizada em O prisioneiro. Mesmo nesses romances, o escritor não se furta a uma de suas características, que é a presença da música. Este artigo tem por objetivo traçar a presença e escopo da música em tempos de guerra nesses dois romances.