bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What every surgeon should know about Ceramic-on-Ceramic bearings in young patients
Authors: Hernigou Philippe , Roubineau François , Bouthors Charlie , Flouzat-Lachaniette Charles-Henri 
Published: April 2016

Based on the exceptional tribological behaviour and on the relatively low biological activity of ceramic particles, Ceramic-on-Ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents significant advantages CoC bearings decrease wear and osteolysis, the cumulative long-term risk of dislocation, muscle atrophy, and head-neck taper corrosion. However, there are still concerns regarding the best technique for implantation of ceramic hips to avoid fracture, squeaking, and revision of ceramic hips with fracture of a component. We recommend that surgeons weigh the potential advantages and disadvantages of current CoC THA in comparison with other bearing surfaces when considering young very active patients who are candidates for THA. Cite this article: Hernigou P, Roubineau F, Bouthors C, Flouzat-Lachaniette C-H. What every surgeon should know about Ceramic-on-Ceramic bearings in young patients. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:107-111. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000027.
Role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in heart failure
Authors: Uddin Md. Helal , Rashid Tasnuva , Chowdhury Salim Mahmud 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
Early clinical diagnosis of heart failure (HF) is challenging because the signs and symptoms are neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosis. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a cardiac neurohormone is a useful biomarker for patients with HF.

Objectives:
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of BNP in HF as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker in both outpatient care and urgent care settings.

Methodology:
An extensive literature review was conducted for this study.

Findings:
Determination of BNP is particularly useful as a rule-out test for suspected cases of HF in patients with dyspnoea. HF is very unlikely in patients with levels of BNP <100 pg/mL whereas BNP levels >400 pg/mL strongly support the diagnosis of HF. Elevated level of BNP indicates a worse prognosis in patients with HF.

Conclusion:
Although, it is recommended in the diagnostic pathways of guidelines for HF, it is not well established to recommend measurement of BNP to titrate HF medications because of lack of enough evidence. It requires further in-depth research.
Growth Patterns in Global Regions:: Do Specific Success Factors Make a Difference?
Authors: Capello Robertta , Fratesii Ugo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Globalisation is not a state of the world but an evolutionary process, which entails the increasing planetary integration of markets for goods and services, markets of location sites for economic activities, markets of production factors as technologies and information. Regions are involved in the globalization process to a different extent depending on their industrial specialization and physical accessibility from outside.
The aim of this paper is to investigate how regions most exposed to globalization face tougher competition. Distinguishing between open and closed regional economies, the paper investigates the regional performance of each type of region and identifies the most important success factors linked to growth performance patterns. The aim of the analysis is to determine whether the role played by each success factor in regional growth changes across regions with different degrees of openness to the rest of the world. Interestingly, our results do not clearly show that more open regions take advantage from particular success factors. The impact of most success factors on regional differential growth, in fact, do not change among groups of regions. A higher average regional growth rate in open regions with respect to closed ones is therefore mainly explained by the regional endowment of success factors rather than by differentiated marginal effects among groups of regions.
A Heterodox Economics Critique of Financial Liberalization
Authors: Correa Romar , Rao D. Tripati 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We explore a short run structural macroeconomic model with a focus on “the problem of financing economic development“ (Kaleçki, 1976). It is demonstrated that banks, in contrast to nonbanks, have a unique role to play in the production and circulation of commodities in a monetary economy. A case is made for class-based policy.
Sertoli cell only syndrome with ambiguous genitalia
Authors: Gurbuz Fatih , Ceylaner Serdar , Erdogan Seyda , Topaloglu Ali Kemal , Yuksel Bilgin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS) is a rare genetic disorder with a variable phenotype ranging from a severe ambiguous genitalia to a normal male phenotype with infertility. SCOS is diagnosed on testicular histopathology as germ cells are absent without histological impairment of Sertoli or Leydig cells. The
“The older I got, it wasn’t a problem for me anymore”: Language brokering as a managed activity and a narrated experience among young Vietnamese immigrants in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sherman Tamah , Homoláč Jiří 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Language brokering (LB) practices are a widespread phenomenon in transnational communities. This paper aims to add to the description and analysis of these practices within a community which has not been extensively studied – the Vietnamese in the Czech Republic, as well as show how LB is embedded in other sociolinguistic aspects of community life. Based on language biographies of 13 Vietnamese female brokers, we explore LB by focusing on the respondents’ descriptions and summaries of their beginnings with it, the difficulties that occurred, and how they were overcome. The findings suggest that, among others, the brokers gradually perceive brokering as a normal practice and as one of their family responsibilities. A methodological innovation is the use of Language Management Theory (Nekvapil, Jiří & Tamah Sherman. 2015. An introduction: Language Management Theory in Language Policy and Planning. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 232. 1–12.), through which we examine language brokering as a practice oriented toward language problems stemming from broader communication and sociocultural problems. This perspective, along with attention devoted to the activities, approaches and attitudes of all participants in the brokering (e. g. parents, public officials) enables us to demonstrate the relationship of the brokering to family language policy and also the fact that, for the brokers, the sociocultural dimension of LB can be more important than the linguistic one.
Enhancing radiative energy transfer through thermal extraction
Authors: Tan Yixuan , Liu Baoan , Shen Sheng , Yu Zongfu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract Thermal radiation plays an increasingly important role in many emerging energy technologies, such as thermophotovoltaics, passive radiative cooling and wearable cooling clothes [1]. One of the fundamental constraints in thermal radiation is the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which limits the maximum power of far-field radiation to P0 = σT4S, where σ is the Boltzmann constant, S and T are the area and the temperature of the emitter, respectively (Fig. 1a). In order to overcome this limit, it has been shown that near-field radiations could have an energy density that is orders of magnitude greater than the Stefan-Boltzmann law [2-7]. Unfortunately, such near-field radiation transfer is spatially confined and cannot carry radiative heat to the far field. Recently, a new concept of thermal extraction was proposed [8] to enhance far-field thermal emission, which, conceptually, operates on a principle similar to oil immersion lenses and light extraction in light-emitting diodes using solid immersion lens to increase light output [62].Thermal extraction allows a blackbody to radiate more energy to the far field than the apparent limit of the Stefan-Boltzmann law without breaking the second law of thermodynamics.Thermal extraction works by using a specially designed thermal extractor to convert and guide the near-field energy to the far field, as shown in Fig. 1b. The same blackbody as shown in Fig. 1a is placed closely below the thermal extractor with a spacing smaller than the thermal wavelength. The near-field coupling transfers radiative energy with a density greater than σT4. The thermal extractor, made from transparent and high-index or structured materials, does not emit or absorb any radiation. It transforms the near-field energy and sends it toward the far field. As a result, the total amount of far-field radiative heat dissipated by the same blackbody is greatly enhanced above SσT4, where S is the area of the emitter. This paper will review the progress in thermal extraction. It is organized as follows. In Section 1, we will discuss the theory of thermal extraction [8]. In Section 2, we review an experimental implementation based on natural materials as the thermal extractor [8]. Lastly, in Section 3, we review the experiment that uses structured metamaterials as thermal extractors to enhance optical density of states and far-field emission [9].
Dynamics of microresonator frequency comb generation: models and stability
Authors: Hansson Tobias , Wabnitz Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Microresonator frequency combs hold promise for enabling a new class of light sources that are simultaneously both broadband and coherent, and that could allow for a profusion of potential applications. In this article, we review various theoretical models for describing the temporal dynamics and formation of optical frequency combs. These models form the basis for performing numerical simulations that can be used in order to better understand the comb generation process, for example helping to identify the universal combcharacteristics and their different associated physical phenomena. Moreover, models allow for the study, design and optimization of comb properties prior to the fabrication of actual devices. We consider and derive theoretical formalisms based on the Ikeda map, the modal expansion approach, and the Lugiato-Lefever equation. We further discuss the generation of frequency combs in silicon resonators featuring multiphoton absorption and free-carrier effects. Additionally, we review comb stability properties and consider the role of modulational instability as well as of parametric instabilities due to the boundary conditions of the cavity. These instability mechanisms are the basis for comprehending the process of frequency comb formation, for identifying the different dynamical regimes and the associated dependence on the comb parameters. Finally, we also discuss the phenomena of continuous wave bi- and multistability and its relation to the observation of mode-locked cavity solitons.
Nanophotonics-enabled smart windows, buildings and wearables
Authors: Smith Geoff , Gentle Angus , Arnold Matthew , Cortie Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDesign and production of spectrally smart windows, walls, roofs and fabrics has a long history, which includes early examples of applied nanophotonics. Evolving nanoscience has a special role to play as it provides the means to improve the functionality of these everyday materials. Improvement in the quality of human experience in any location at any time of year is the goal. Energy savings, thermal and visual comfort indoors and outdoors, visual experience, air quality and better health are all made possible by materials, whose “smartness” is aimed at designed responses to environmental energy flows. The spectral and angle of incidence responses of these nanomaterials must thus take account of the spectral and directional aspects of solar energy and of atmospheric thermal radiation plus the visible and color sensitivity of the human eye. The structures required may use resonant absorption, multilayer stacks, optical anisotropy and scattering to achieve their functionality. These structures are, in turn, constructed out of particles, columns, ultrathin layers, voids, wires, pure and doped oxides, metals, polymers or transparent conductors (TCs). The need to cater for wavelengths stretching from 0.3 to 35 μm including ultraviolet-visible, near-infrared (IR) and thermal or Planck radiation, with a spectrally and directionally complex atmosphere, and both being dynamic, means that hierarchical and graded nanostructures often feature. Nature has evolved to deal with the same energy flows, so biomimicry is sometimes a useful guide.
Modeling Frequency Comb Sources
Authors: Li Feng , Yuan Jinhui , Kang Zhe , Li Qian , Wai P. K. A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Frequency comb sources have revolutionized metrology and spectroscopy and found applications in many fields. Stable, low-cost, high-quality frequency comb sources are important to these applications. Modeling of the frequency comb sources will help the understanding of the operation mechanism and optimization of the design of such sources. In this paper,we review the theoretical models used and recent progress of the modeling of frequency comb sources.
Topical ocular delivery of a COX-II inhibitor via biodegradable nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Anil K. , Sahoo Pravat K. , Majumdar Dipak K. , Panda Amulya K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present investigation strives to formulate nanoparticles of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), containing celecoxib (CXB), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The CXB-PCL nanoparticles were formulated by solvent displacement method and optimized based on formulation variables like drug-to-polymer ratio and surfactant concentration. The formulations were characterized for particle dimensions, surface morphology, physicochemical features, percentage drug incorporation efficiency, in vitro drug release, in vitro trans-corneal permeation, in vivo efficacy against arachidonic acid-induced ocular inflammation, and stability study. The prepared nanoparticles were nearly spherical having particle sizes ranging from 89.16±8.2 nm to 191.27±12.1 nm with maximum entrapment efficiency of 97.03±0.20%. The drug release was in sustained fashion (<75% drug released after 8 h) and obeyed zero-order release kinetics. The trans-corneal permeation was significantly higher than the aqueous suspension of CXB (p=0.05). Further, % hydration level was observed within permissible ranges suggesting ocular tolerability. The anti-inflammatory activity was found better as there was observed an improvement in parameters like lid closure score, PMN counts, and protein content against CXB aqueous suspension. The formulations were stable as evident from accelerated stability testing results. Thus, the CXB-PCL nanoparticles may prove a viable alternative to conventional dosage forms offering enhanced ocular bioavailability and compatibility with ocular milieu.
Mikrofluidik-Chip-Architekturen für eine Zell-Sortieranlage basierend auf der Elektrowetting-Technologie
Authors: Schreiber Fedor , Kahnert Stefan , Goehlich Andreas , Greifendorf Dieter , Bartels Frank , Janzyk Udo , Lennartz Klaus , Kirstein Uwe , Rennings Andreas , Küppers Ralf , Erni Daniel 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir die Entwicklung verschiedener
Sortieralgorithmen bzw. -topologien für eine auf einem
Mikrofluidik-Chip basierende Zell-Sortieranlage, welche auf dem
Elektrowetting-Verfahren (EWOD) beruht. Eine der Zielanwendungen
dieses neuartigen Zellsorters ist die Untersuchung spezifischer
zellulärer Mechanismen durch entsprechende Zellenselektion im
Kontext der Tumorgenese-Forschung, z. B. bei der Entstehung von
Leukämien oder Lymphomen. Die gesamte, mehrlagige Chip-Entwicklung
erfolgte im Rahmen des EU-geförderten (EFRE)
Forschungs-Verbundprojektes „MINAPSO“ (Mikrochip Navigierte
Parallel-Sortieranlage) und verbindet einen Ansteuerungschip
in Standard-CMOS-Technologie mit dem entsprechenden
Mikrofluidik-Aufbau. Die hierbei realisierte Sortiertopologie besteht
aus einem optimierten 2-3-Sequenzteiler-Sorter mit einer
numerisch abgeschätzten, erreichbaren Sortiergeschwindigkeit von
0.6 bis 1.85 Zellen/Takt (zukünftige
Chip-Architekturen wie der
sog. Smart-Diffusion-Sorter erzielen sogar
Geschwindigkeiten bis zu 5 Zellen/Takt). Für die Modellierungs-
und Optimierungsprozesse der Sorterarchitekturen bzw. -algorithmen
wurde eine Simulationsplattform in MATLAB entwickelt, welche die in
dieser digitalen Mikrofluidik zum Einsatz kommenden, EWOD-basierten
Manipulationsoperatoren im Kontext eines Datenparadigmas
repräsentiert und bearbeitet. Die charakteristischen
Zeitkonstanten dieser EWOD-basierten Operatoren wurden anhand
fluiddynamischer Simulationen (CFD) mit Hilfe von COMSOL Multiphysics
numerisch ermittelt. Weitere Optimierungspotenziale hinsichtlich der
resultierenden Sortiergeschwindigkeit der Zellsortieranlagen konnten
mittels CFD-Simulationen und entsprechenden Messdaten identifiziert
werden. Gemäß unseres Kenntnisstandes stellt der hier
vorgestellte Zell-Sorter den gegenwärtig komplexesten
EWOD-Mikrofluidik-Chip dar.
MINAPSO (Mikrochip-Navigierte
Parallel-Sortieranlage) ist ein Verbundprojekt der Universität
Duisburg-Essen, dem Fraunhofer IMS und der Firma Bartels Mikrotechnik GmbH,
Dortmund, welche durch die EU (EFRE) über das Ziel-2-Programm des
Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Energie, Industrie, Mittelstand und Handwerk
des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen im Rahmen des Innovationswettbewerbs
NanoMikro + WerkstoffePhotonik.NRW gefördert
wird.
Pulskonturmessung im Ohr
Authors: Ortlepp Hans-Georg , Schädel Martin , Brodersen Olaf 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
In der CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH entwickelte photoplethysmographische
(PPG-)Sensoren wurden spektral und geometrisch optimiert, um eine detaillierte Formanalyse
von im Ohr gemessenen Pulswellen zu ermöglichen. Verschiedene Auswerteverfahren der
Pulskontur wurden bezüglich ihrer Eignung für Pulswellen-Laufzeitmessung untersucht. Der
Vergleich der im-Ohr-PPG-Pulsform mit der an einer Manschette zeitsynchron aufgenommenen
suprasystolischen Druckwelle führte zu einem Modell für die Übertragung der Druckwelle in
das PPG. Mit der daraus ableitbaren Rückrechnung des PPG in ein Abbild der peripheren
Blutdruckwelle ergeben sich neue
Möglichkeiten der Langzeit-Überwachung des Herz-Kreislauf-Zustandes.
Synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of a series of N-arylsulfonyl-3-propionylindoles
Authors: Che Zhiping , Tian Yuee , Hu Zhenjie , Chen Yingwu , Liu Shengming , Chen Genqiang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Fifteen N-arylsulfonyl-3-propionylindoles (3a–o) were prepared and preliminarily evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Three compounds 3c, 3g and 3i exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity with effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.8, 4.0 and 1.2 μg/mL, and therapeutic index (TI) values of 11.7, 16.6 and 84.1, respectively. N-(m-Nitro)phenylsulfonyl-3-propionyl-6-methylindole (3i) exhibited the most promising and best activity against HIV-1 replication. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed as well.
Postoperative sellar hematoma after pituitary surgery: clinical and biochemical characteristics
Authors: El-Asmar Nadine , El-Sibai Katia , Al-Aridi Ribal , Selman Warren R , Arafah Baha M 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPostoperative sellar hematoma can develop following surgery for pituitary tumors and other sellar masses such a Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) due to continued blood oozing. Though often mild sellar hematoma can create mass effects that might impair pituitary function.AimThis study summarizes the clinical and biochemical characteristics of sellar hematoma and explores the potential mechanisms for the associated hypopituitarism.Patients and methodsSellar hematoma was suspected clinically (worsening headaches, visual impairment, and mental status alterations) and confirmed radiographically in 23 patients (18/279 with macroadenomas and in 5/92 with RCC). Postoperatively, patients were monitored without glucocorticoid therapy and all had appropriately normal HPA function before sellar hematoma diagnosis.ResultsThe demographics of patients who had sellar hematoma were similar to those who did not. Biochemical changes at diagnosis included decreased plasma ACTH and its dependent steroids (cortisol, DHEA, and DHEA-S), concomitant mild hyperprolactinemia, and mild hyponatremia (P< 0.005 for all parameters). Treatment with glucocorticoids resulted in rapid clinical improvement in most patients. Glucocorticoid therapy was discontinued within 2 weeks and re-testing thereafter showed normal HPA function in 16/23. None of the patients without sellar hematoma had worsening in pituitary function, visual, or neurological symptoms.ConclusionsWhen large, sellar hematoma can lead to mass effect that causes headaches, visual symptoms, and acute and often reversible hypopituitarism manifesting initially as impaired HPA function. Rapid resolution is observed in most patients with glucocorticoid administration The rapid onset and reversibility of hypopituitarism associated with mild hyperprolactinemia suggest that compression of pituitary stalk/ portal vessels is likely the dominant mechanism of pituitary dysfunction in this setting.
Resultados del proceso productivo de la solución concentrada de propóleos 2010-2013. Impacto de la innovación tecnológica
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Luis Enrique , Góngora Amores Walter , Escalona Arias Ariel , Cobos Valdés Dailín , Batista Suárez Saidé , Loustanau Cárdenas Carlos , González González Armando Felipe 
Published: April 2016

<p>El proceso productivo de las soluciones concentradas de propóleos en el Centro de Inmunología y Biopreparados, ha sido una tarea esencial desde el 2010; por consiguiente,<br />el objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es mostrar cómo se han comportado los parámetros de calidad de los lotes de estas soluciones desde el 2010 al 2013, teniendo en cuenta los elementos de innovación tecnológica desarrollados. Se analizaron los requisitos de conformidad de las soluciones concentradas de propóleos, según los registros de control de la calidad para este producto. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó de forma automatizada con el programa estadístico Medcal. Las propiedades organolépticas de estas soluciones respondieron de forma positiva y las concentraciones de sólidos totales fueron superiores al 24%. Es importante señalar que en los lotes obtenidos en 2012 y 2013, se logró un agotamiento significativo de la materia prima, debido a la introducción de cambios tecnológicos en el proceso; aspecto este que no afectó la calidad del producto, ya que los sólidos totales están por encima del 16% establecido en el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad del Centro, corroborándose los mismos con el análisis estadístico realizado. Se obtuvo un producto conforme y con calidad, lográndose una mejor recuperación de los principios activos de estas soluciones.</p>