bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombopoietin/TGF-β1 Loop Regulates Megakaryocyte Extracellular Matrix Component Synthesis
Authors: Abbonante Vittorio , Di Buduo Christian A. , Gruppi Cristian , Malara Alessandro , Gianelli Umberto , Celesti Giuseppe , Anselmo Achille , Laghi Luigi , Vercellino Marco , Visai Livia , Iurlo Alessandra , Moratti Remigio , Barosi Giovanni , Rosti Vittorio , Balduini Alessandra 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) components initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for bone marrow homeostasis. In our research, we prove that a peri-cellular matrix composed primarily of type III and type IV collagens, and fibronectin surrounds human megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. The data we collected support the hypothesis that bone marrow megakaryocytes possess a complete mechanism to synthesize the ECM components, and that thrombopoietin is a pivotal regulator of this new function inducing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release and consequent activation of the downstream pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. This activation results in a dose dependent increase of ECM component synthesis by megakaryocytes, which is reverted upon incubation with JAK and TGF-β1 receptor specific inhibitors. These data are pivotal for understanding the central role of megakaryocytes in creating their own regulatory niche within the bone marrow environment.
Validation of automated scoring of science assessments
Authors: Liu Ou Lydia , Rios Joseph A. , Heilman Michael , Gerard Libby , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConstructed response items can both measure the coherence of student ideas and serve as reflective experiences to strengthen instruction. We report on new automated scoring technologies that can reduce the cost and complexity of scoring constructed‐response items. This study explored the accuracy of c‐rater‐ML, an automated scoring engine developed by Educational Testing Service, for scoring eight science inquiry items that require students to use evidence to explain complex phenomena. Automated scoring showed satisfactory agreement with human scoring for all test takers as well as specific subgroups. These findings suggest that c‐rater‐ML offers a promising solution to scoring constructed‐response science items and has the potential to increase the use of these items in both instruction and assessment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 215–233, 2016.
Can Talent Management Practices Be Considered as a Basis for Sustainable Competitive Advantages in Emerging‐Market Firms? Evidence from Russia
Authors: Latukha Marina O. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study aims to prove the influence of talent management (TM) practices on competitive advantage (CA) in internationalized Russian firms. As a phenomenon, TM is rather new and controversial in the emerging‐market context, and despite the amount of research devoted to TM practices, there is little said about how TM influences CA in emerging‐market firms. This study explores the peculiarities of TM practices in Russian companies and empirically proves a positive relationship between TM practices and CA in the emerging‐market context. The article identifies a number of specific TM practices that influence CA. We argue that succession planning and career development have the greatest impact on CA in Russian firms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of practices, capacities and incentives of poultry chain actors in implementation of highly pathogenic avian influenza mitigation measures in Ghana
Authors: Turkson Paa Kobina , Okike Iheanacho 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe animal health services‐seeking behaviour of animal owners related to prevention and control of animal diseases may influence their decisions as to whether or not to use services provided by the public or private sectors. The specific objective of this paper was to assess the practices, capacities and incentives of actors involved in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) control to provide information for prevention and control in Ghana. Questionnaires were designed based on specific practices, incentives and capacities associated with each mitigation measure that was being assessed. Two peacetime preventive mitigation measures (biosecurity and reporting) and two outbreak containment measures (culling with compensation and movement control) were selected for evaluation. Supply chain actors were characterised based on baseline information. Tables were generated showing proportions of respondents in the various response categories in Likert‐scale type itemised questionnaire. Mean scores (and their standard deviations) for the various actors with regard to mitigation measures were calculated. Pair‐wise comparisons were done using t‐ratio statistic and significance of differences were determined at a Bonferroni adjusted P‐value of 0.0024. The study found statistically significant differences between certain actors for practices (biosecurity, reporting, culling and compensation and movement controls), incentives (reporting and movement control) and capacities (reporting and movement control). The findings provide lessons to help improve education and messages on HPAI and to help provide technical assistance targeted at specific actors to prevent and control future HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Ghana.
Simplified analysis of balancing challenges in sustainable and smart energy systems with 100% renewable power supply
Authors: Söder Lennart 
Published: January 2016

In a power system, the basic physical law states that the total production is always exactly the same as total consumption. This physical law is always fulfilled no matter the type of power plants in the power system. In a power system with large shares of solar and wind power, this means that the other power plants have to fill the gap between actual solar plus wind power and the demand during each second/minute/hour. However, if there are large amounts of solar and wind power, then sometimes the available power from solar and wind exceeds the demand. In a future system based on large shares of solar and wind power, all these different situations have to be handled, and the question is how to analyze this. Three different methods concerning how to analyze systems with large shares of solar and wind power will be presented. The methods are applied to a Swedish case with close to 100% renewable power based on hydro, solar, wind and, bio‐fuelled combined heat and power (CHP). This study shows that there are limited balancing costs for this case. The costs for curtailment of surplus as well as to keep enough capacity to cover a high load combined with low solar and low wind is comparatively small, below 0.3 Eurocent/kWh. However, more detailed studies are needed to quantify the exact cost under different conditions, but this study indicates the size of the challenges. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:401–412. doi: 10.1002/wene.194This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Crossing the barrier: treatment of brain tumors using nanochain particles
Authors: Karathanasis Efstathios , Ghaghada Ketan B. 
Published: January 2016

Despite advancements in surgery and radiotherapy, the aggressive forms of brain tumors, such as gliomas, are still uniformly lethal with current therapies offering only palliation complicated by significant toxicities. Gliomas are characteristically diffuse with infiltrating edges, resistant to drugs and nearly inaccessible to systemic therapies due to the brain‐tumor barrier. Currently, aggressive efforts are underway to further understand brain‐tumor's microenvironment and identify brain tumor cell‐specific regulators amenable to pharmacologic interventions. While new potent agents are continuously becoming available, efficient drug delivery to brain tumors remains a limiting factor. To tackle the drug delivery issues, a multicomponent chain‐like nanoparticle has been developed. These nanochains are comprised of iron oxide nanospheres and a drug‐loaded liposome chemically linked into a 100‐nm linear, chain‐like assembly with high precision. The nanochain possesses a unique ability to scavenge the tumor endothelium. By utilizing effective vascular targeting, the nanochains achieve rapid deposition on the vascular bed of glioma sites establishing well‐distributed drug reservoirs on the endothelium of brain tumors. After reaching the target sites, an on‐command, external low‐power radiofrequency field can remotely trigger rapid drug release, due to mechanical disruption of the liposome, facilitating widespread and effective drug delivery into regions harboring brain tumor cells. Integration of the nanochain delivery system with the appropriate combination of complementary drugs has the potential to unfold the field and allow significant expansion of therapies for the disease where success is currently very limited. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:678–695. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1387This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nucleocapsid proteins: roles beyond viral RNA packaging
Authors: Ding Binbin , Qin Yali , Chen Mingzhou 
Published: January 2016

Viral nucleocapsid proteins (NCs) enwrap the RNA genomes of viruses to form NC–RNA complexes, which act as a template and are essential for viral replication and transcription. Beyond packaging viral RNA, NCs also play important roles in virus replication, transcription, assembly, and budding by interacting with viral and host cellular proteins. Additionally, NCs can inhibit interferon signaling response and function in cell stress response, such as inducing apoptosis. Finally, NCs can be the target of vaccines, benefiting from their conserved gene sequences. Here, we summarize important findings regarding the additional functions of NCs as much more than structural RNA‐binding proteins, with specific emphasis on (1) their association with the viral life cycle, (2) their association with host cells, and (3) as ideal candidates for vaccine development. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:213–226. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1326This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
Functionalities of expressed messenger RNAs revealed from mutant phenotypes
Authors: Liao Ben‐Yang , Weng Meng‐Pin 
Published: January 2016

Total messenger RNAs mRNAs that are produced from a given gene under a certain set of conditions include both functional and nonfunctional transcripts. The high prevalence of nonfunctional mRNAs that have been detected in cells has raised questions regarding the functional implications of mRNA expression patterns and divergences. Phenotypes that result from the mutagenesis of protein‐coding genes have provided the most straightforward descriptions of gene functions, and such data obtained from model organisms have facilitated investigations of the functionalities of expressed mRNAs. Mutant phenotype data from mouse tissues have revealed various attributes of functional mRNAs, including tissue‐specificity, strength of expression, and evolutionary conservation. In addition, the role that mRNA expression evolution plays in driving morphological evolution has been revealed from studies designed to exploit morphological and physiological phenotypes of mouse mutants. Investigations into yeast essential genes (defined by an absence of colony growth after gene deletion) have further described gene regulatory strategies that reduce protein expression noise by mediating the rates of transcription and translation. In addition to the functional significance of expressed mRNAs as described in the abovementioned findings, the functionalities of other type of RNAs (i.e., noncoding RNAs) remain to be characterized with systematic mutations and phenotyping of the DNA regions that encode these RNA molecules. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:416–427. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1329This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Farmers' perceptions of the extra‐limital common warthog in the Northern Cape and free state provinces, South Africa
Authors: Swanepoel Monlee , Leslie Alison J. , Hoffman Louwrens C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) has been extra‐limitally introduced onto various farms and reserves in parts of the Northern Cape and Free State provinces of South Africa. Warthogs are considered as a game animal for wildlife tourism and hunting but are a known agricultural pest in their natural range. We investigated the perceptions, attitudes, and actions of farmers and landowners toward the common warthog on their farms. We identified participants using the Snowball technique and interviewed them during semistructured personal interviews, conducted from June to October 2012, using a standardized questionnaire. Most farmers and landowners were of the opinion that warthogs were introduced to the area and considered warthog populations to be increasing. Warthogs were held responsible for causing damage to aspects of the natural and agricultural environment, and respondents were increasingly negative toward warthogs as the levels of perceived damages increased. There were, however, also a number of respondents who regarded and utilized the species as a game animal. The majority of respondents hunted warthogs and utilized their meat for consumption; therefore, the study proposes that scientifically based hunting efforts for meat production be implemented to control population numbers and mitigate negative impacts experienced. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Electrical, Optical, and Structural Properties of SnO2: F Films as a Function of Fluoride Precursor Concentration and Temperature
Authors: Talaty Nari N. , Giolando Dean M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) employing the precursor system of tin tetrachloride, ethyl formate, and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl trifluoroacetate vapors that were transported to hot glass substrates to deposit fluorine doped tin dioxide thin films. The system is optimized with respect to the substrate deposition temperature and to the amount of fluoride added to the precursor stream and the resultant structural, electrical and optical properties compared. Increasing the substrate temperature from 360 °C to 610 °C resulted in an approximately linear increase in thickness of the tin dioxide films. However, the resistivity decreased from 1.8 × 10–2 Ω·cm at 360 °C to a minimum of 5.9 × 10–4 Ω·cm at 560 °C and increased to 9.4 × 10–4 Ω·cm at 610 °C. While maintaining a substrate temperature of 560 °C different amounts of fluorine precursor was introduced into the carrier stream, from 0 mL·h–1 to 5 mL·h–1, resulting in a decrease in resistivity (ρ) from 5.3 × 10–2 Ω·cm at 0 mL·h–1 to a minimum of 5.9 × 10–4 Ω·cm at 2 mL·h–1 and then increased to 1.0 × 10–3 Ω·cm at 5 mL·h–1. As the amount of fluoride is increased a concommittent increase in carrier concentration results until the point of overdoping the film produces an increase in scattering sites that increases resistivity. Best films were deposited at 560 °C and when the fluoride precursor flow rate was 2 mL·h–1.
Significance of R1 Resection for Advanced Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Era of Modern Effective Chemotherapy
Authors: Laurent Christophe , Adam Jean‐Philippe , Denost Quentin , Smith Denis , Saric Jean , Chiche Laurence 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground
The prognosis impact of positive margins after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in patients treated with modern effective chemotherapy has not been elucidated. The objective was to compare oncologic outcomes after R0 and R1 resections in the era of modern effective chemotherapy.MethodsBetween 1999 and 2010, all consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for CLM were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with extrahepatic metastases, macroscopic residual tumor, treated with combined radiofrequency, or not treated with chemotherapy were excluded. Survival and recurrence after R0 (tumor‐free margin >0 mm) and R1 resections were analyzed.ResultsAmong 466 patients undergoing hepatectomy for CLM, 191 were eligible. Of them, 164 (86 %) received preoperative chemotherapy and 105 (55 %) received postoperative chemotherapy. R1 resection (10 %) was comparable in patients treated or not by preoperative chemotherapy. R1 status was associated with more intrahepatic recurrences. Overall survival (OS) (44 vs. 61 %; p = 0.047) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (8 vs. 26 %; p = 0.082) were lower in patients after R1 compared to R0 resection (32 months of median follow‐up). Preoperative chemotherapy and major hepatectomy were prognostic factors of survival, whereas postoperative chemotherapy was a protective factor from recurrences. In patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy, OS and DFS were similar between R1 and R0 resections (40 vs. 55 %, p = 0.104 and 9 vs. 22 %, p = 0.174, respectively).ConclusionIn the era of modern effective chemotherapy, R1 resection leads to more intrahepatic recurrences but did not affect OS in selected patient responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy protects from recurrences whatever the margin resection status.
A Note on Reporting of Reservoir 14C Disequilibria and Age Offsets
Authors: Soulet Guillaume , Skinner Luke C , Beaupré Steven R , Galy Valier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReservoir age offsets are widely used to correct marine and speleothem radiocarbon age measurements for various calibration purposes. They also serve as a powerful tracer for carbon cycle dynamics. However, a clear terminology regarding reservoir age offsets is lacking, sometimes leading to miscalculations. This note seeks to provide consistent conventions for reporting reservoir 14C disequilibria useful to a broad range of environmental sciences. This contribution introduces the F14R and δ14R metrics to express the relative 14C disequilibrium between two contemporaneous reservoirs and the R metric as the associated reservoir age offset.
VERNACULAR LIBERALISM, CAPITALISM, AND ANTI-IMPERIALISM IN THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF DADABHAI NAOROJI
Authors: VISANA VIKRAM 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDadabhai Naoroji's ‘drain theory’ of British imperialism described the way in which a colonial government could abscond with the wealth of a dependent country, leaving it impoverished. This theory conceptualized ‘poverty’ as the negation of liberal ‘citizenship’. As such, through an exposition of Naoroji's thought, this article offers an insight into both the origins of the Indian political subject and Indian anti-colonialism. In doing so, it opens up an avenue for investigating how Indian thinkers locally adapted modular concepts of a Western provenance and then reintroduced them into the metropole, contributing to the heterogeneity of the Victorian liberal canon. Finally, Naoroji's imperial critique is compared to that of prominent British anti-imperialists, especially John Hobson, in order to demonstrate that Dadabhai's economic account of empire not only pre-dates Hobson's thesis but that it was more expansive in its criticism and more hopeful about the ‘progress’ of indigenous peoples.
Arrhythmia Secondary to Cold Water Submersion during Helicopter Underwater Escape Training
Authors: Kaur Paven P. , Drummond Sarah E. , Furyk Jeremy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 32-year-old, fit and healthy, Caucasian male presented with a less than 24-hour history of palpitations with the onset following participation in helicopter underwater escape training (HUET). He reported no chest pain, shortness of breath, syncope, or pre-syncope symptoms. On examination, an irregularly irregular pulse was noted at a rate of 120 beats per minute with a blood pressure of 132/84. There was no evidence of congestive cardiac failure. The electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated atrial fibrillation at 97 beats per minute with a normal axis, normal QRS complexes, and a QTc of 399 ms. Bloods were all within normal limits and a chest x-ray showed no abnormality. The patient was loaded with amiodarone and reverted to sinus rhythm with a normal post-reversion ECG. Five years on, following further HUET, the patient presented with an identical presentation. His ECG showed fast atrial fibrillation at a rate of 115 beats per minute. On this occasion, he was sedated and Direct Current cardioverted with reversal to sinus rhythm after one shock. It was felt that the precipitating factor for this patient’s atrial fibrillation, in both cases, was HUET. The case discussed describes a previously fit and well subject who developed a sustained arrhythmia secondary to cold water submersion. Evidence suggests water submersion can provoke cardiac arrhythmias via the suggested theory of “autonomic conflict.” It has been proposed that a number of unexplained deaths related to water submersion may be secondary to arrhythmogenic syncope.KaurPP, DrummondSE, FurykJ. Arrhythmia secondary to cold water submersion during helicopter underwater escape training. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):108–110.
Quantitative Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of Catalyst Nanoparticles Using a Partial Cross Section Approach
Authors: MacArthur Katherine E. , Slater Thomas J. A. , Haigh Sarah J. , Ozkaya Dogan , Nellist Peter D. , Lozano-Perez Sergio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe new generation of energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detectors with higher count rates than ever before, paves the way for a new approach to quantitative elemental analysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope. Here we demonstrate a method of calculating partial cross sections for use in quantifying EDX data, beneficial especially because of the simplicity of its implementation. Applying this approach to acid-leached PtCo catalyst nanoparticles leads to quantitative determination of the Pt surface enrichment.
Ancient origin and maternal inheritance of blue cuckoo eggs
Authors: Fossøy Frode , Sorenson Michael D , Liang Wei , Ekrem Torbjørn , Moksnes Arne , Møller Anders P , Rutila Jarkko , Røskaft Eivin , Takasu Fugo , Yang Canchao , Stokke Bård G 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMaternal inheritance via the female-specific W chromosome was long ago proposed as a potential solution to the evolutionary enigma of co-existing host-specific races (or ‘gentes’) in avian brood parasites. Here we report the first unambiguous evidence for maternal inheritance of egg colouration in the brood-parasitic common cuckooCuculus canorus. Females laying blue eggs belong to an ancient (∼2.6 Myr) maternal lineage, as evidenced by both mitochondrial and W-linked DNA, but are indistinguishable at nuclear DNA from other common cuckoos. Hence, cuckoo host races with blue eggs are distinguished only by maternally inherited components of the genome, which maintain host-specific adaptation despite interbreeding among males and females reared by different hosts. A mitochondrial phylogeny suggests that blue eggs originated in Asia and then expanded westwards as female cuckoos laying blue eggs interbred with the existing European population, introducing an adaptive trait that expanded the range of potential hosts.