bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPM4 expression is associated with activated B cell subtype and poor survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Loo Suet K , Ch'ng Ewe S , Md Salleh Md Salzihan , Banham Alison H , Pedersen Lars M , Møller Michael B , Green Tina M , Wong Kah K 
Published: March 2017

AimsTransient receptor potential channel melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is an ion channel that regulates influx of calcium cations (Ca2+). Recent studies suggest that TRPM4 is an oncoprotein, and its up‐regulated transcript level has been reported in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We aimed to investigate TRPM4 protein expression pattern in non‐malignant tissues and DLBCL cases, and its association with clinico‐demographic parameters and survival in DLBCL.Methods and resultsAnalysis of publicly available DLBCL microarray data sets showed that TRPM4 transcripts were up‐regulated in DLBCL compared to normal germinal centre B (GCB) cells, were expressed more highly in the activated B cell‐like DLBCL (ABC‐DLBCL) subtype and higher TRPM4 transcripts conferred worse overall survival (OS) in R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone)‐treated DLBCL cases (P < 0.05). Our immunohistochemical analysis showed that TRPM4 was expressed in various human tissues but not in normal B cells within lymphoid tissues (reactive tonsil, lymph node and appendix). TRPM4 protein was present in 26% (n = 49 of 189) of our cohort of R‐CHOP‐treated DLBCL cases and this was associated significantly with more aggressive clinical parameters, including higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores or stage (P < 0.01 for each of the parameters) and the ABC‐DLBCL subtype (P = 0.016). TRPM4 positivity conferred significantly worse OS (P = 0.004) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = 0.005). Worse OS remained associated significantly with TRPM4 positivity in multivariate analysis, including higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) or the non‐GCB DLBCL phenotype (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTRPM4 protein expression is up‐regulated in DLBCL cases compared to non‐malignant B cells with preferential expression in ABC‐DLBCL cases, and it confers significantly poorer DLBCL patient outcomes.
Ethnicity predicts viral rebound after travel to the tropics in HIV‐infected travelers to the tropics in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Gebreselassie HM , Kraus D , Fux CA , Haubitz S , Scherrer A , Hatz C , Veit O , Stoeckle M , Fehr J , de Lucia S , Cavassini M , Bernasconi E , Schmid P , Furrer H , Staehelin C ,   For the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe number of HIV‐infected individuals from developed countries travelling to tropical and subtropical areas has increased as a result of the clinical and survival benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy. The aim of our study was to describe the traveler population in the SHCS and to determine the frequency of viral rebound in virologically suppressed individuals after a travel episode to the tropics compared to non‐travelers.MethodsSwiss HIV Cohort Study participants with at least one follow‐up visit between 1 January 1989 and 28 February 2015 were eligible for inclusion in the study. The primary outcome was the occurrence of viral rebound (viral load > 200 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) after a travel episode compared with a nontravel episode in previously suppressed individuals (≤ 200 copies/mL). All virologically suppressed patients contributed multiple travel or nontravel episodes to the analysis. Logistic regression was performed including factors associated with viral rebound.ResultsWe included 16 635 patients in the study, of whom 6084 (36.5%) had ever travelled to the tropics. Travel frequency increased over time, with travellers showing better HIV parameters than nontravellers [less advanced Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage and higher CD4 count nadir]. Viral rebound was seen in 477 (3.9%) of 12 265 travel episodes and in 5121 (4.5%) of 114 884 nontravel episodes [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.97]. Among these 477 post‐travel viral rebounds, 115 had a resistance test performed and 51 (44%) of these showed new resistance mutations. Compared with European and North American patients, the odds for viral rebound were significantly lower in Southeast Asian (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51–0.88) and higher in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) patients (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.22–1.62). Travel further increased the odds of viral rebound in SSA patients (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.53–2.61).ConclusionsRegion of origin is the main risk factor for viral rebound rather than travel per se. Pre‐travel adherence counselling should focus on patients of SSA origin.
Does efavirenz replacement improve neurological function in treated HIV infection?
Authors: Payne B , Chadwick TJ , Blamire A , Anderson KN , Parikh J , Qian J , Hynes AM , Wilkinson J , Price DA ,   the Efficacy of Switch to Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Improving Cognitive Function in Efavirenz‐treated Patients (SLICE) study team
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe contribution of specific antiretroviral drugs to cognitive function in HIV‐infected people remains poorly understood. Efavirenz (EFV) may plausibly cause cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether chronic EFV therapy is a modifier of neurocognitive and neurometabolic function in the setting of suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy.MethodsWe performed an open‐label phase IV controlled trial. Adult subjects who were stable on suppressive EFV therapy for at least 6 months were switched to ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with no change in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone. The following parameters were assessed before and 10 weeks after therapy switch: cognitive function (by CogState® computerized battery); brain metabolites (by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy); brain activity [by attentional processing task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging]; and sleep quantity and quality [by sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale].ResultsSixteen subjects completed the study. Despite most subjects (81%) self‐reporting memory problems at baseline, cognitive function, brain metabolites, and brain activity showed no change at 10 weeks after switch. Sleep quality improved on switch off EFV [mean PSQI (standard deviation): EFV, 8.5 (6.5); LPV/r, 5.8 (5.5); mean difference −0.4; 95% confidence interval −6.0 to −0.7].ConclusionsThis is the first study to assess the effects of chronic EFV therapy on neurological function in a controlled setting. We conclude that EFV withdrawal is unlikely to result in significant modification of neurocognitive function in otherwise stable HIV‐infected people.
Mechanism of Infection in South American Blastomycosis
Authors: Fartado Tancredo A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe habitat of Paracoccidioides (Blastomyces) brasiliensis has not yet been established, but the source of in fection is probably exogenous. The clinical man ife stations and the course of the infection favor the digestive tract (mainly the oral mucosa) as the most common portal of en try of the fungus into the body. Although the lungs may also be a point of ingress, the author believes that pulmonary lesions are usually the result of hematogenous spread. It is extremely ra re for the skin to be the site of primary inoculation. The lymphatic route plays an important role in the dissemination of the infection to the various parts of the human body.
Ainhum and Pseudoainhum
Authors: Kandhari Kahan C. , Manchanda S. S. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA case of ainhum and two of pseudoainhum observed at the V. J. Hospital at Amritsar (Northern India) are described. The first case occurred in a 13‐year‐old Hindu male and led to separation of digits (ainhum ), and the second and third , seen in a one‐day‐old and a five‐day‐old in fant, respectively, showed constricting bands, but did not progress to digital separation (pseudoa in hum ). The history of ainhum and pseudoainhum, from its first description by Clarke in 1860, is also briefly reviewed by the authors.
Kaposi's Haemangiosarcoma as seen in Central Africa
Authors: Palmer P. E. S. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe author briefly traces the history of Kaposi's haemangiosarcoma from its first description in 1872 to date, and presents evidence that the incidence, virulence and over‐all clinical picture of this entity vary considerably in different regions of Africa, while the histologic findings and the radio graphic changes, particularly in the bones,do not differ.The author finds that the two primary clinical features in adults are the nodule and the oedema, while the general health of the patient is rarely affected until the late stages. He describes the disease in children as affecting the glands, with virtual absence of oedema and presence of only a few skin nodules, and as a cute, severe and often rapidly fatal. The symptoms and signs seen in both adults and children are discussed in detail. The histology of the disease, including its three stages, the inflammatory, the granulomatous and the neoplastic, is described. The importance of differential diagnosis,particularly to distinguish Kaposi's haemangiosarcoma from maduramycosis and leprosy, is stressed.The author discusses the important role of radiology in both the diagnostic work‐up of the patient and his treatment. He advocates soft tissue x‐ray films, especially to demonstrate the presence of subcutaneous or deep lesions in cases with solitary skin nodules as well as the use of arteriography, chest plates, and x‐rays to demonstrate skeletal changes as evidence of widespread disease. He emphasizes the need for improving the radiographic technique to visualize the alimentary tract, and considers pyelography of no value. Properly applied conventional deep x‐ray therapy, Cobalt 60 or other supervoltage therapy will yield highly satisfactory results; Cobalt 60 teletherapy is recommended for bone cysts.In the author's experience, the various cytotoxic drugs have proved disappointing; surgery should be limited to the treatment of isolated lesions and certain sites, such as the conjunctivae.
South American Blastomycosis and American Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Candiota de Campos Enio 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe author reports two cases of coexisting South American blastomycosis and American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and comments on the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis in such cases. Based on reports by other Brazilian investigators on the efficacy of amphotericin B in both diseases, this antibiotic was given to the first patient and led to a clinical cure.
Direct Pigmentation — A Suggested Mechanism
Authors: Findlay G. H. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA theory is proposed to explain the physiology of direct pigmentation. It is presumed that melanin color depends on other oxidative activities in epidermal cells, and that these activities must be inhibited to permit photo–oxidative darkening of melanin. It is suggested that long–wave ultraviolet rays which cause direct pigmentation bring about this inhibition as the primary change.The author acknowledges support from the Photobiology Research Group of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.
Unusual Locations of Pityriasis Versicolor with Particular Reference to Scalp Lesions
Authors: Padilha Gonçalves Antar 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPatients with pityriasis versicolor require careful examination of the entire body surface, which should include the use of Wood's light. Otherwise, lesions may be overlooked and left as untreated foci of relapses. Twenty cases of uncommon locations of this mycosis were studied; Malassezia furfur was isolated from all 20 subjects.Forty‐one of the 99 lesions seen in our 20 patients could only be found with the use of Wood's light. Seventeen patients showed involvement of the scalp; in 11 of these cases the Wood's light was required. These scalp lesions were found either as isolated patches or as an apparent extension of lesions of the neighboring glabrous skin. The highest incidence was seen in the occipital region.Six patients had intertriginous lesions on the retroauricular fold and on the ear itself (posterior aspect, border and concha). One patient showed lesions in the superciliary region, which seems to be a location not previously observed. Less commonly, lesions were also found on the axillae, intergluteal fold, inguinocrural fold, penis, dorsum of hands, dorsum of fingers, groin (where they can be confused with erythrasma), and in the popliteal region.
Straw Itch Mite Dermatitis Caused By Pyemotes Ventricosus
Authors: Scott Harold G. , Fine Robert M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryNineteen cases of Pyemotes ventricosus (straw itch mite) dermatitis which occurred in DeKalb County, Georgia, U.S.A., during 1961–1963, are reported. Two patients were observed three successive times with this condition, and one patient had concurrent chigger bites which allowed diagnostic differences to be noted. The cases were associated with mites parasitizing Anobium punctatum (common furniture beetle) in the floor joists of a house. Clinical features, epidemiology and entomologie aspects are discussed. It is emphasized that straw itch mite dermatitis is a distinct clinical entity which can be differentiated from other dermatologie conditions on a clinical basis, and that elimination of the host is basic to permanent elimination of the parasite.
Dermatitis Causadas Por Mariposas Del Genero Hylesias
Authors: Dao Luis 
Published: March 2017

ResumenEl autor describe un tipo de dermatitis intensamente pruriginosa causada por la “pelusa” dejada sobre la piel por una mariposa pardo‐grisácea del género Hylesia. Esta mariposa se observa en enjambres al comienzo de la estación de las lluvias en diferentes regiones de Venezuela. Como son atraídas por la luz, estas mariposas invaden las casas de sus víctimas en la noche.El autor estudió 69 casos de esta dermatitis en la región oriental de Venezuela. Los primeros síntomas aparecen en tre las 24 y 72 horas del contacto con la mariposa. Las lesiones iniciales son de tipo congestivo para luego tomar el aspecto de máculas y pápulas similares alas observadas en la dermatitis por contacto. En una fase más avanzada el prurito puede ser tan intenso que llega a producir insomnio e incapacidad para trabajar.En vista de que no existe tratamiento específico para esta dermatitis, debe recurrirse a la te rapiade supresión consistente en aplicaciones tópicas apropiadas y medicamentos antipruríticos generales, analgésicos y tranquilizantes.
Epidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Marshall James 
Published: March 2017

Summary and ConclusionsKaposi's sarcoma should be classified in the group of lymphoreticular neoplasms with which it is often associated in Caucasians, if not in African Negroes.It is most prevalent in parts of Europe and Africa. Its clinical and histologic manifestations are everywhere much the same, and there is no evidence that any particular race or tribe is more susceptible than another. Country People are affected more often than city dwellers.In most areas, Kaposi's sarcoma is 10 times commoner in males than in females, but the exceptions to this rule Suggest the intervention of environmental rather than genetic factors.No microbic cause has been identified and experiments in transmission have all failed. The prevalence of the disease in the Negroes of South Africa and its scarcity in their white, coloured and Indian neighbours make it unlikely that an infective agent is involved.
Intention to undergo HIV testing and associated factors among women in one high–HIV prevalence city
Authors: Shen Zhang‐Wei , Dai Se‐Ying , Ye Dong‐Qing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to understand the rate of intention to undergo HIV testing and associated factors among women in a city with high HIV prevalence.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 293 women HIV/AIDS patients who were newly examined with HIV infection and aged ≥18 years from September to December 2012. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with intention to undergo HIV testing.ResultsThe rate of intention to undergo HIV testing was 12.3%. Nearly 90% of participants had no intention of getting HIV tested, and the main reasons were “Never thought I would be HIV‐infected” (78.2%) and “I did not feel sick, and it was impossible to be HIV‐infected” (19.8%). The awareness rate of HIV knowledge was 67.8%, and 34.1% had casual heterosexual partners. Those who had casual heterosexual partners or had better HIV knowledge were more likely to have intention of getting HIV tested.ConclusionThe rate of intention to undergo HIV testing among women is low. AIDS health education programmess and public information campaigns should be initiated to improve knowledge about HIV and the risk of HIV infection, to encourage women to take HIV testing more promptly. It is also vital to take measures to reduce stigma against AIDS patients.
Use of brentuximab vedotin as salvage therapy pre‐allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory CD30 positive lympho‐proliferative disorders: a single centre experience
Authors: Mediwake Heshani , Morris Kirk , Curley Cameron , Butler Jason , Kennedy Glen 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe role of brentuximab peri‐allogeneic transplantation in patients with relapsed and/or refractory CD30 positive lymphomas remains poorly defined.AimTo assess the outcome of use of brentuximab as a bridge to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patient with relapsed/refractory CD30+ classic Hodgkin lymphoma cHL and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).MethodsOutcomes of consecutive patients with relapsed/refractory cHL/ALCL treated with brentuximab as a bridge to SCT were determined by retrospective review of individual medical records. Survival analysis was measured from start of brentuximab treatment.ResultsA total of 12 patients (10 cHL, 2 ALCL) had received brentuximab as a planned bridge to allogeneic SCT. Median age was 27 years (range 20–54 years); median prior lines of therapy was 4 (range 3–6) and all except one patient had undergone prior autologous SCT (92%). Patients received at median of 3 brentuximab doses pre‐allogeneic SCT (range 1–4), with an overall response rate of 66.7%. At a median follow up of 30 months (range 6–52 months), 2 years progression free survival and overall survival post‐allogeneic SCT is 58 and 92% respectively. Incidence of non‐relapse mortality, grade 3–4 acute graft versus host disease and extensive stage chronic graft versus host disease is 8, 17 and 18% respectively. Of five patients who subsequently relapsed post‐SCT, four remain alive with disease control post manipulation of immune‐suppression.ConclusionOur experience suggests that brentuximab use pre‐allogeneic SCT is not associated with any significant post‐transplant toxicity, and is associated with a rapid response in a majority of patients with relapsed/refractory CD30 positive lymphomas. Brentuximab may thus provide a non‐toxic bridge to allogeneic SCT for patients with relapsed/refractory CD30 positive cHL or ALCL.
Analysis of non‐pharmacological interventions attempted prior to pro re nata medication use
Authors: Martin Krystle , Arora Vinita , Fischler Ilan , Tremblay Renee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to elucidate what non‐pharmacological interventions are applied by nursing staff prior to the administration of psychotropic pro re nata (PRN) medication. Best practices would instruct clinical staff to provide non‐pharmacological strategies, such as de‐escalation and skills coaching, as the first response to patient distress, anxiety, or agitation. Non‐pharmacological strategies might be safer for patients, promote more collaborative relationships, and facilitate greater skills development for managing symptoms. The literature has highlighted that poor documentation of pre‐PRN administration interventions has limited our understanding of this practice, but evidence suggests that when this information is available, non‐pharmaceutical approaches are not being attempted in the majority of cases. This is troubling given that, while clinically appropriate in some instances, PRN have been subject to criticism and lack critical evidence to support their use. The current study is a continuation of our previous work, which examined the reason, frequency, documentation, and outcome (e.g. effectiveness, side‐effects) of PRN medication use at our facility. A chart review was conducted to understand what happens prior to the administration of PRN medication at our facility across all inpatient units over the course of 3 months. Results support previous findings that non‐pharmacological interventions are poorly documented by front‐line staff and are seemingly used infrequently. The use of these interventions differs by patient presentation (e.g. agitation, insomnia), and most often include supportive measures. The findings suggest that both documentation and intervention practices of nursing staff require further investigation and adjustment to align with best practices.
Influence of salivary parameters in the caries development in orthodontic patients—an observational clinical study
Authors: Cardoso Andréia A. , Lopes Lenita M. , Rodrigues Lívia P. , Teixeira Jéssica J. , Steiner‐Oliveira Carolina , Nobre‐dos‐Santos Marinês 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown during the orthodontic treatment, the prevalence of active caries lesions (ACL) in 30 to 70% of patients.AimTo evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary properties considering caries development.DesignTwenty two individuals (11–22 years) were assessed regarding caries, oral hygiene, sugar exposure, salivary flow rate (SFR), buffering capacity, pH, carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) and amylase activity, at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after the orthodontic appliances placement. Caries index was determined by Nyvad criteria. CA VI and amylase activities were performed by zymography and ELISA, respectively.ResultsBuffering capacity decreased after 3 months (P < 0.0001) and showed positive correlation with pH at baseline and after 1 month in individuals who did not develop active caries lesions. Amylase activity decreased after 1 and 6 months (P = 0.0003) and presented positive correlation with CA VI in patients who developed ACL. SFR increased after 1 month (P = 0.0283) and showed positive correlation with CA VI activity after 3 months in individuals who did not develop ACL. Salivary pH showed negative correlation with CA VI after 1 month in patients who did not develop ACL. ACL were firstly diagnosed after 3 months.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that saliva of individuals under orthodontic treatment is subjected to changes in properties that have implications on the onset of ACL.
Direct care workers’ experiences of grief and needs for support
Authors: Gray Jennifer A. , Kim Jinsook 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundA paucity of information is available on direct care workers’ (DCWs’) experiences with loss when their clients (people with intellectual and developmental disabilities [I/DD]) die. This study explored DCWs’ grief experiences, their coping methods and their needs for support.MethodsA thematic analysis approach was used to examine data from nine focus groups with 60 DCWs from five community‐based organizations that provide services to people with I/DD.ResultsThree themes (factors affecting DCW loss, ways that DCWs cope with loss and organizational issues affecting the bereavement experience) and associated subthemes emerged from the data. This highlighted not only DCW professional grief experiences but how organizational communication and policy affected their grief experience.ConclusionsDCWs experience grief in the workplace but may receive insufficient organizational bereavement supports. Recommendations are made for organizational policies and resources to improve organizational communication and assist DCWs in coping with their grief.