bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and behavioral risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural India
Authors: Barik Anamitra , Mazumdar Sumit , Chowdhury Abhijit , Rai Rajesh Kumar 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe dynamics of physiological and behavioral risk factors of diabetes in rural India is poorly understood. Using data from a health and demographic surveillance site of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, this study aims to assess the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsA total of 7674 individuals aged ≥18 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Venous plasma glucose method was used for measuring and reporting glucose concentrations in blood, categorized as individuals with diabetes, pre-diabetes or impaired, and normoglycemic. Aside from a set of physiological and behavioral risk factors, a range of socioeconomic confounders of diabetes was computed. Bivariate analysis with χ2test, and multivariate ordered logit regression methods were deployed to attain the study's objective.ResultsOverall 2.95% and 3.34% of study participants were diagnosed as individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes or impaired, respectively. Compared to the poorest, the richest have higher probability (β: 0.730; 95% CI 0.378 to 1.083) of being diagnosed with diabetes. As compared to people with normal body mass index, overweight/obese people are more prone to being diagnosed with diabetes (β: 0.388; 95% CI 0.147 to 0.628). With a decreasing level of physical activity, people are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes.ConclusionsTo curb the level of diabetes, this study recommends a culturally sensitive, focused intervention for the adoption of physical activity with more traditional dietary practices, to control the level of overweight/obesity. Attention should be paid to relatively older patients with diabetes or adults with pre-diabetes.
International palliative care research in the context of global development: a systematic mapping review
Authors: Clark Joseph , Gardiner Clare , Barnes Amy 
Published: August 2016

ContextAn increasing amount of health policy is formulated at global level. At this global level, palliative care has attracted support primarily from normative institutions (WHO), not funding agencies. To attract greater global attention from policymakers, it has been argued that an international approach to research is required. However, the extent to which an international approach is being undertaken is unknown.ObjectivesTo systematically identify and thematically synthesise all international palliative care research, defined as research involving two or more countries, or focused on the global level.MethodsFive bibliographic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ASSIA, Web of Knowledge, Psychinfo) were searched for journal articles relevant to international and global palliative care and end-of-life care. Data were extracted using a piloted extraction form and findings were synthesised.Results184 studies were included, published across 75 different academic journals. Research emanates from and focuses on all world regions and there is increasing focus on the global level. Thematically, there is a high focus on Evaluation (n=53) and views of Stakeholders (n=38). The review revealed a predominantly observational research approach and few interventional studies were identified.ConclusionsInternational palliative care research is a relatively new, but growing field. However, many gaps in the evidence base remain and palliative care research continues to take place outside broader discourses of international development. The relative absence of interventional research demonstrating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of palliative care risks limiting the tools with which advocates can engage with international policymakers on this topic.
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and Crohn disease
Authors: Butnor Kelly J , Pavlisko Elizabeth N , Sporn Thomas A , Roggli Victor L 
Published: August 2016

AimsMesothelial reaction simulating peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma (MM) has been reported in the setting of Crohn ileitis. To our knowledge, peritoneal MM arising in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with peritoneal MM and IBD.MethodsA database of approximately 3800 MM was reviewed for cases of MM in patients with IBD.ResultsThree patients (0.08%) with peritoneal MM and Crohn disease (CD) were identified, including two women and one man ranging in age from 56 to 65 years. All had a long-standing history of diarrhoea and an established diagnosis of CD of 3 years or greater duration. Two had epithelial MM and one had biphasic MM. Only one had documented asbestos exposure.ConclusionsPeritoneal MM occurs rarely in patients with IBD, but interestingly, has only been observed in the setting of CD and not in patients with ulcerative colitis. Chronic inflammation has been associated with the development of MM in rare instances and these three cases suggest that CD with transmural inflammation may also be a precursor. The precise role of CD-related transmural inflammation in the carcinogenesis of peritoneal MM remains to be determined.
Regression of Chemotherapy-Resistant Polymerase ϵ (POLE) Ultra-Mutated and MSH6 Hyper-Mutated Endometrial Tumors with Nivolumab
Authors: Santin Alessandro D. , Bellone Stefania , Buza Natalia , Choi Jungmin , Schwartz Peter E. , Schlessinger Joseph , Lifton Richard P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The management of endometrial carcinoma no longer amenable to treatment with surgery or radiotherapy has not improved significantly with modern chemotherapy. Alternative therapeutic options are desperately needed.
Experimental Design: We describe 2 heavily pretreated patients with recurrent disease refractory to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy who were treated with the anti–PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab.
Results: Patient #1 harbored an ultra-mutated tumor (mutation load/MB = 117.3, total mutations = 4,660) driven by mutation in the exonuclease domain of the DNA polymerase ϵ gene. Patient #2 harbored a hyper-mutated tumor (mutation load/MB = 33.5, total mutations = 1,037) due to a germinal MSH6 gene mutation. Both patients demonstrated a remarkable clinical response to the anti–PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. Patients' clinical responses remain unchanged at the time of the writing of this report, with no grade 3 or higher side effects reported to date.
Conclusions: Anti–PD-1 inhibitors represent a novel treatment option for recurrent/metastatic, ultra/hyper-mutated human tumors refractory to salvage treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5682–7. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Piulats and Matias-Guiu, p. 5623
Aspiration Thrombectomy After Intravenous Alteplase Versus Intravenous Alteplase Alone
Authors: Mocco J , Zaidat Osama O. , von Kummer Rüdiger , Yoo Albert J. , Gupta Rishi , Lopes Demetrius , Frei Don , Shownkeen Harish , Budzik Ron , Ajani Zahra A. , Grossman Aaron , Altschul Dorethea , McDougall Cameron , Blake Lindsey , Fitzsimmons Brian-Fred , Yavagal Dileep , Terry John , Farkas Jeffrey , Lee Seon Kyu , Baxter Blaise , Wiesmann Martin , Knauth Michael , Heck Donald , Hussain Syed , Chiu David , Alexander Michael J. , Malisch Timothy , Kirmani Jawad , Miskolczi Laszlo , Khatri Pooja 
Published: August 2016

Background and Purpose—
Thrombectomy, primarily with stent retrievers with or without adjunctive aspiration, provided clinical benefit across multiple prospective randomized trials. Whether this benefit is exclusive to stent retrievers is unclear.

Methods—
THERAPY (The Randomized, Concurrent Controlled Trial to Assess the Penumbra System’s Safety and Effectiveness in the Treatment of Acute Stroke; NCT01429350) was an international, multicenter, prospective, randomized (1:1), open label, blinded end point evaluation, concurrent controlled clinical trial of aspiration thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase (IAT) administration compared with intravenous-alteplase alone in patients with large vessel ischemic stroke because of a thrombus length of ≥8 mm. The primary efficacy end point was the percent of patients achieving independence at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2; intention-to-treat analysis). The primary safety end point was the rate of severe adverse events (SAEs) by 90 days (as treated analysis). Patients were randomized 1:1 across 36 centers in 2 countries (United States and Germany).

Results—

Enrollment was halted after 108 (55 IAT and 53 intravenous) patients (of 692 planned) because of external evidence of the added benefit of endovascular therapy to intravenous-alteplase alone. Functional independence was achieved in 38% IAT and 30% intravenous intention-to-treat groups (
P
=0.52). Intention-to-treat ordinal modified Rankin Scale odds ratio was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–3.59;
P
=0.12) in favor of IAT. Secondary efficacy analyses all demonstrated a consistent direction of effect toward benefit of IAT. No differences in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates (9.3% IAT versus 9.7% intravenous,
P
=1.0) or 90-day mortality (IAT: 12% versus intravenous: 23.9%,
P
=0.18) were observed.

Conclusions—
THERAPY did not achieve its primary end point in this underpowered sample. Directions of effect for all prespecified outcomes were both internally and externally consistent toward benefit. It is possible that an alternate method of thrombectomy, primary aspiration, will benefit selected patients harboring large vessel occlusions. Further study on this topic is indicated.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01429350.
Perceptual Assessment of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction by Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Butts Sydney C. , Truong Alan , Forde Christina , Stefanov Dimitre G. , Marrinan Eileen 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the ability of otolaryngology residents to rate the hypernasal resonance of patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction. We hypothesize that experience (postgraduate year [PGY] level) and training will result in improved ratings of speech samples.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOtolaryngology training programs at 2 academic medical centers.Subjects and MethodsThirty otolaryngology residents (PGY 1‐5) were enrolled in the study. All residents rated 30 speech samples at 2 separate times. Half the residents completed a training module between the rating exercises, with the other half serving as a control group. Percentage agreement with the expert rating of each speech sample and intrarater reliability were calculated for each resident. Analysis of covariance was used to model accuracy at session 2.ResultsThe median percentage agreement at session 1 was 53.3% for all residents. At the second session, the median scores were 53.3% for the control group and 60% for the training group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Intrarater reliability was moderate for both groups. Residents were more accurate in their ratings of normal and severely hypernasal speech. There was no correlation between rating accuracy and PGY level. Score at session 1 positively correlated with score at session 2.ConclusionPerceptual training of otolaryngology residents has the potential to improve their ratings of hypernasal speech. Length of time in residency may not be best predictor of perceptual skill. Training modalities incorporating practice with hypernasal speech samples could improve rater skills and should be studied more extensively.
Look Who's Talking! Impact of Communication Relationship Satisfaction on Justice Perceptions
Authors: Aggarwal-Gupta Meenakshi , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: August 2016

Communication in an organization forms an important part of most organizational processes. Effective communication leads to not only successful implementation of other processes such as change and divestitures, but also to positive organizational perceptions among employees. It encourages the perceptions of distributive and procedural justice leading to greater job satisfaction and performance among employees. This study looked at communication relationship satisfaction (CRS) and its impact on perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Communication relationship satisfaction (CRS) is an umbrella concept to convey the extent to which available information meets the task-related and general information needs of employees. Employees assess their satisfaction with communications inside organizations on four different facets: (a) with supervisors (b) with peers (c) with top management and (d) with the organization as such (Putti, Aryee and Phua, 1990). Perceived justice is a multi-dimensional construct encompassing three dimensions, namely distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the tangible outcomes of a dispute, negotiation, or decision involving two or more parties. Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the policies, procedures, and criteria used by decision makers in arriving at the outcome of a dispute or negotiation. Interactional justice refers to the manner in which people are treated during the conflict resolution process Building upon previous research, we predicted that CRS across all facets will be positively related to all forms of organizational justice. We also predicted that CRS with top management will be the strongest predictor of distributive and procedural justice and CRS with supervisor will be the strongest predictor of interactional justice 292 executives belonging to different organizations were surveyed and the results supported the hypotheses: CRS was found to be strongly related to all the three components of organizational justice. Employees appeared to give far more importance to communication from the top management and their immediate supervisors than to the general communication from the organization as an entity. The results of this study become important in light of the recent layoffs and changes that are occurring in the corporate world. Clearly, any communication likely to impact perceptions of justice should be routed through the more appropriate channels.
Parenting while living with advanced cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Park Eliza M , Check Devon K , Song Mi-Kyung , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E , Hanson Laura C , Yopp Justin M , Rosenstein Donald L , Mayer Deborah K 
Published: August 2016

Background: Patients with advanced cancer who have dependent children are an important population with a life-limiting illness and high levels of psychological distress. Few studies have addressed the experience of being a parent with advanced cancer and their potential palliative needs. Aim: To describe the experience of living with advanced cancer as a parent, including illness experience, parental concerns, and treatment decision making and to explore whether these experiences differ by their functional status. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional, qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Setting and participants: A total of 42 participants with metastatic cancer and with at least one child under the age of 18 years were recruited from a comprehensive cancer center. 25 participants were rated as having high functional status (the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status Scale = 0–1) and 17 with low functional status (ECOG=2–4). Results: We identified four themes regarding the experience of being a parent with advanced cancer: (1) parental concerns about the impact of their illness and death on their children, (2) “missing out” and losses of parental role and responsibilities, (3) maintaining parental responsibilities despite life-limiting illness, and (4) parental identity influencing decision making about treatment. Parental functional status influenced not only physical responsibilities but also intensified parenting psychological concerns. Conclusion: Parents with metastatic cancer may have unique palliative care needs as they experience parenting concerns while managing the psychological and physical demands of advanced cancer.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Lam Raymond W. , McIntosh Diane , Wang JianLi , Enns Murray W. , Kolivakis Theo , Michalak Erin E. , Sareen Jitender , Song Wei-Yi , Kennedy Sidney H. , MacQueen Glenda M. , Milev Roumen V. , Parikh Sagar V. , Ravindran Arun V. ,   the CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: August 2016

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. This section is the first of six guidelines articles. Results: In Canada, the annual and lifetime prevalence of MDD was 4.7% and 11.3%, respectively. MDD represents the second leading cause of global disability, with high occupational and economic impact mainly attributable to indirect costs. DSM-5 criteria for depressive disorders remain relatively unchanged, but other clinical dimensions (sleep, cognition, physical symptoms) may have implications for depression management. e-Mental health is increasingly used to support clinical and self-management of MDD. In the 2-phase (acute and maintenance) treatment model, specific goals address symptom remission, functional recovery, improved quality of life, and prevention of recurrence. Conclusions: The burden attributed to MDD remains high, whether from individual distress, functional and relationship impairment, reduced quality of life, or societal economic cost. Applying core principles of care, including comprehensive assessment, therapeutic alliance, support of self-management, evidence-informed treatment, and measurement-based care, will optimize clinical, quality of life, and functional outcomes in MDD.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , McIntyre Roger S. , Tourjman S. Valérie , Bhat Venkat , Blier Pierre , Hasnain Mehrul , Jollant Fabrice , Levitt Anthony J. , MacQueen Glenda M. , McInerney Shane J. , McIntosh Diane , Milev Roumen V. , Müller Daniel J. , Parikh Sagar V. , Pearson Norma L. , Ravindran Arun V. , Uher Rudolf ,   the CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: August 2016

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. “Pharmacological Treatments” is the third of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. With little new information on older medications, treatment recommendations focus on second-generation antidepressants. Results: Evidence-informed responses are given for 21 questions under 4 broad categories: 1) principles of pharmacological management, including individualized assessment of patient and medication factors for antidepressant selection, regular and frequent monitoring, and assessing clinical and functional outcomes with measurement-based care; 2) comparative aspects of antidepressant medications based on efficacy, tolerability, and safety, including summaries of newly approved drugs since 2009; 3) practical approaches to pharmacological management, including drug-drug interactions and maintenance recommendations; and 4) managing inadequate response and treatment resistance, with a focus on switching antidepressants, applying adjunctive treatments, and new and emerging agents. Conclusions: Evidence-based pharmacological treatments are available for first-line treatment of MDD and for management of inadequate response. However, given the limitations of the evidence base, pharmacological management of MDD still depends on tailoring treatments to the patient.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Parikh Sagar V. , Quilty Lena C. , Ravitz Paula , Rosenbluth Michael , Pavlova Barbara , Grigoriadis Sophie , Velyvis Vytas , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , MacQueen Glenda M. , Milev Roumen V. , Ravindran Arun V. , Uher Rudolf ,   the CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: August 2016

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) has revised its 2009 guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults by updating the evidence and recommendations. The target audiences for these 2016 guidelines are psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. “Psychological Treatments” is the second of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. Results: Evidence-informed responses were developed for 25 questions under 5 broad categories: 1) patient characteristics relevant to using psychological interventions; 2) therapist and health system characteristics associated with optimizing outcomes; 3) descriptions of major psychotherapies and their efficacy; 4) additional psychological interventions, such as peer interventions and computer- and technology-delivered interventions; and 5) combining and/or sequencing psychological and pharmacological interventions. Conclusions: First-line psychological treatment recommendations for acute MDD include cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and behavioural activation (BA). Second-line recommendations include computer-based and telephone-delivered psychotherapy. Where feasible, combining psychological treatment (CBT or IPT) with antidepressant treatment is recommended because combined treatment is superior to either treatment alone. First-line psychological treatments for maintenance include CBT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Patient preference, in combination with evidence-based treatments and clinician/system capacity, will yield the optimal treatment strategies for improving individual outcomes in MDD.