bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday economic geographies
Authors: Yarker Sophie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper makes the case for the conceptual use of the everyday in economic geography. It does this by firstly demonstrating the explanatory potential that lies in attending to the lived experience of economic development and, secondly, the ability of the everyday to occupy a meso‐level analytical position that is sensitive to the agency of economic agents without undermining the role of structural forces. As a result of the in‐depth, and detailed nature of the everyday, the explanatory powers offered by this initial focus on the micro‐scale is useful to those economic geographers wishing to pursue a more qualitative and holistic understanding of the economy and of economic processes. Therefore, this paper contributes to a much longer project in economic geography concerned with broadening how the economy is defined and therefore studied. Specifically, it compliments and builds on the work of economic geographers engaged in practice‐orientated research before turning to the work of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau in demonstrating the analytical richness of the everyday beyond a focus on social practice. In other words, the paper argues the need for economic geography to also attend to the lived experience of everyday life, the meanings and values ascribed to it, and not just socio‐economic practices themselves.
Associations Between Migraine and the Most Common Psychiatric Co‐Morbidities
Authors: Bergman‐Bock Stuart 
Published: August 2017

PremiseMigraine is a common and potentially debilitating chronic neurologic disorder, with significant and clinically important psychiatric co‐morbidities.ProblemThe individual and societal impact of migraine is both significant and diverse, and among these effects are a variety of psychiatric co‐morbidities. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the relationships between migraine and psychiatric illness are not entirely clear, a variety of mood and anxiety disorders have not only been identified as co‐prevalent in migraine, but have also been shown to impact migraine chronification.Potential SolutionsThis review examines the recent literature investigating the associations between migraine and the most common psychiatric co‐morbidities. Also discussed are implications for treating individuals with co‐morbid migraine and psychiatric disorders, including recent innovations and improvements for the future.
Clinicopathological analysis ofATRX,DAXXandNOTCHreceptor expression in angiosarcomas
Authors: Panse Gauri , Chrisinger John SA , Leung Cheuk H , Ingram Davis R , Khan Samia , Wani Khalida , Lin Heather , Lazar Alexander J , Wang Wei‐Lien 
Published: August 2017

AimsMultiple genetic alterations, including alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) andNOTCHmutations, have been described in angiosarcoma. Loss of α‐thalassaemia/mental retardation syndrome X‐linked (ATRX) and death domain‐associated protein 6 (DAXX) expression is frequently associated with theALTphenotype. Additionally, inhibition ofNOTCHsignalling induces the development of malignant vascular tumours in mice, indicating a tumour suppressive role of theNOTCHpathway in the pathogenesis of angiosarcoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression ofATRX,DAXXandNOTCHreceptors (NOTCH1 andNOTCH2) in a large cohort of angiosarcomas, and study their clinicopathological and prognostic significance.Methods and resultsOne hundred and forty cases of angiosarcoma were stained forATRX,DAXX,NOTCH1 andNOTCH2.ATRXloss (<10% labelling) was seen in seven of 118 (6%) cases, and was more frequent in deep soft tissue tumours than in other body sites (P= 0.004). Angiosarcomas withATRXloss were associated with worse event‐free survival than angiosarcomas with retainedATRXexpression (P= 0.003).DAXXwas retained in all specimens examined. DecreasedNOTCH1 expression (≤1+ intensity) was seen in 29 of 123 (24%) cases, and was associated with a cutaneous site of origin (P= 0.013) and advanced disease (P= 0.026).NOTCH2 expression was decreased in 16 of 103 (16%) cases, was associated with visceral tumours (P= 0.001), and correlated with worse disease‐specific survival (P= 0.033).ConclusionsATRX,NOTCH1 andNOTCH2 expression varies in angiosarcomas and shows significant correlations with site of origin and poor clinical outcome, thus highlighting the biological heterogeneity within this tumour type.
PLAG1 immunohistochemistry is a sensitive marker for pleomorphic adenoma: a comparative study with PLAG1 genetic abnormalities
Authors: Katabi Nora , Xu Bin , Jungbluth Achim A , Zhang Lei , Shao Sung Y , Lane Jason , Ghossein Ronald , Antonescu Cristina R 
Published: August 2017

AimsPleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) gene rearrangement is the most common genetic abnormality in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), resulting in overexpression of PLAG1 protein. PA and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA ex‐PA) can mimic various benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. The aims of this study are to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PLAG1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnosis of PA and CA ex‐PA and to compare the PLAG1 immunohistochemical results to PLAG1 gene abnormalities as detected by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH).Methods and resultsPLAG1 immunostaining was performed on 83 salivary gland tumours, including 23 PA, 15 CA ex‐PA and 45 other salivary gland tumours. In addition, PLAG1 FISH was performed in 44 cases for the presence of gene rearrangements/amplifications. The results showed high sensitivity of PLAG1 IHC in 96% of PA; however, discordant results between PLAG1 FISH abnormalities and IHC were noted in 15 of 44 cases (34%). Seven PA, four de‐novo myoepithelial carcinomas and one basal cell adenocarcinoma had negative FISH results, but were positive for IHC; while three salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) ex‐PA were positive for FISH but negative for IHC. PLAG1 IHC can differentiate CA ex‐PA from de‐novo SDC (P = 0.02), but not from de‐novo myoepithelial carcinoma. PLAG1 IHC is a sensitive marker for PA. This could be due to PLAG1 gene abnormalities beyond FISH resolution.ConclusionsA negative PLAG1 IHC might be helpful in excluding a PA diagnosis. Interestingly, in the context of CA ex‐PA, FISH is more sensitive than IHC in detecting PLAG1 abnormalities.
Effect of particle size of persimmon by‐product powders on their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities in porcine patties
Authors: Ramachandraiah Karna , Chin Koo Bok 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of particle size of persimmon seed, peel, and calyx powders on their physicochemical and antioxidant activities in pork patties during storage. Ball‐milling for 24 hr decreased the average median diameter of seed, peel, and calyx powders from 83 to 19 µm, 60 to 35 µm, and 77 to 17 µm, respectively. Micronization affected the bulk densities of all by‐product powders. Total flavonoid content and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability were increased for all ball‐milled by‐products. Incorporation of these superfine powders into pork patties increased the redness value and decreased the yellowness value. However, the superfine powders did not lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances or peroxide values in pork patties. Therefore, ball‐milled powders are more suitable for improving physicochemical properties of meat products than for increasing their antioxidant activities through reformulation strategy.Practical applicationsAvailability of superior quality powders which promote health and lower production costs are major concerns for meat industries. Understanding of the effect of different particle sizes of ingredient powders on physicochemical and antioxidative activities can be valuable in the meat product reformulation strategy. This could help in designing powders with improved functionality for incorporation in suitable food products
Application of micro‐FTIR mapping and SEM to study compositional heterogeneity of siltstones: Example from the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Middle Bakken Member
Authors: GASAWAY C. , MASTALERZ M. , KRAUSE F. , CLARKSON C. , DEBUHR C. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper explores the applicability of micro‐FTIR mapping to study heterogeneity of organic matter‐lean siltstones. Closely spaced samples of Late Devonian dolomitic siltstones of the Middle Bakken Member were analysed with micro‐FTIR, powder X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the distribution and chemical properties of organic matter (OM), muscovite/feldspar/clay group, carbonates, and quartz, and their influence on porosity and permeability of these rocks. Our results show that quartz is the dominant component of the samples, and the main mineralogical differences between the samples are reflected in the abundance of carbonate minerals. Organic matter content is usually far below 1 wt. % and dominantly represented by terrestrially derived vitrinite and inertinite. Micro‐FTIR mapping demonstrates that the more spatially connected quartz and muscovite/feldspar/clays become, the larger permeability in the rock develops, and these correlations are especially strong for planes parallel to bedding. In contrast, carbonate connectivity shows a strong negative correlation with permeability. No correlations between connectivity of components and porosity have been detected. These observations suggest that micro‐FTIR not only can document compositional heterogeneity of siltstones, but also has potential to help understanding their permeability systems.
7T MRI Visualization of Cortical Lesions in Adolescents and Young Adults with Pediatric‐Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Datta Ritobrato , Sethi Varun , Ly Sophia , Waldman Amy T. , Narula Sona , Dewey Blake E. , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel , Banwell Brenda 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with prolonged and progressive disease. 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides enhanced visualization of cortical lesions (CLs). Hence, we conducted a pilot study to explore whether CLs occur early in MS, as evidenced by pediatric‐onset patients.METHODSA total of 8 pediatric‐onset MS patients were imaged using 7T MRI. CLs were annotated on T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echoes images as leukocortical (LC), intracortical, or subpial. Total CLs, age at onset, age at scan, disease duration, total relapses, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score were recorded.RESULTSA median of 120 (range: 48‐144) CLs was identified in 8 MS patients (3 female, all with relapsing remitting MS, mean age at scan 21 years ± 3.5 SD, mean age of disease onset 15 years ± 2.3 SD, mean disease duration 5.3 years ± 3.4 SD, median EDSS 2.0). Nearly all the lesions identified were LC.CONCLUSIONSMany CLs are detectable using 7T MRI in patients with pediatric‐onset MS despite relatively brief disease duration, absence of progressive disease, and very limited physical disability—supporting early cortical involvement in MS.
The spatial dimension of internal labor markets
Authors: Tavares Marisa , Carneiro Anabela , Varejão José 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe integrate into a unified framework the spatial and the employment dimensions of worker mobility, tracing workers across firms, across establishments, and across regions. Drawing upon the spatial dimension of internal labor markets in firms with multiple establishments in multiple locations, our results indicate that the contemporaneous wage premium to migration is around 3 percentage points. For the case of job switchers, we find that the return to regional migration is due to access to better jobs at the destination. We also document the existence of an urban premium for same‐employer migrants but for employer changes this premium is driven by selection.
Industrial clusters, organized crime, and productivity growth in Italian SMEs
Authors: Ganau Roberto , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe examine whether organized crime affects firms’ performance (defined using Total Factor Productivity growth) both directly and indirectly, by downsizing the positive externalities arising from the geographic concentration of (intra‐ and inter‐industry) market‐related firms. The analysis uses a large sample of Italian small‐ and medium‐sized manufacturing firms over the period 2010–2013. The results highlight the negative direct effects of organized crime on firms’ productivity growth. Any positive effect derived from industrial clustering is thoroughly debilitated by a strong presence of organized crime, and the negative moderation effect of organized crime on productivity growth is greater for smaller than for larger firms.
A real options approach to amenity valuation: The role of uncertainty and risk aversion
Authors: Mense Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMany empirical studies in the fields of urban and environmental economics rely on the hedonic pricing framework. This paper draws attention to two important elements that are not covered by this theory: uncertainty and relocation costs. It develops a theoretical model where agents face uncertainty, but may accumulate savings as a form of self‐insurance. It shows that uncertainty pushes up relocation costs due to the option value of waiting, while self‐insurance helps to reduce this lock‐in problem. Moreover, the model suggests that the implicit price of environmental quality increases with uncertainty even if agents are risk‐neutral.
Modulation of periodontitis progression using pH‐responsive nanosphere encapsulating metronidazole or N‐phenacylthialzolium bromide
Authors: Lin J.‐H. , Feng F. , Yu M.‐C. , Wang C.‐H. , Chang P.‐C. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop pH‐responsive polylactide‐glycolic acid co‐polymer and chitosan (PLGA/chitosan) nanosphere as an inflammation‐responsive vehicle and evaluate the potential of the nanosphere encapsulating metronidazole, an antibiotic, and N‐phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB), a host modulator, for treating periodontitis.Material and MethodsPLGA/chitosan nanospheres were fabricated using oil‐in‐water emulsion method. Experimental periodontitis was induced on the rat maxillae, and the sites were randomly allocated to four treatment categories, including periodontitis alone (PR), periodontitis with nanospheres alone, nanospheres encapsulating metronidazole (MT) and nanospheres encapsulating PTB (PB). The ligature was retained until the animals were killed, and the treatment outcome was evaluated by the progression of periodontal bone loss (PPBL), inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition.ResultsThe encapsulated drug was released rapidly from the nanospheres without significant initial burst release at pH 5.5. Compared with group PR, PPBL was significantly reduced in groups MT and PB on day 4 (P<.05). On day 21, PPBL was significantly lower in group PB (P<.05). In groups MT and PB, inflammation was significantly reduced in groups MT and PB relative to groups PR and periodontitis with nanospheres alone (P<.05), and collagen deposition was significantly greater relative to group PR (P<.05).ConclusionPLGA/chitosan nanospheres encapsulating metronidazole or PTB showed potential for modulating periodontitis progression.
The state of Danish nursing ethnographic research: flowering, nurtured or malnurtured – a critical review
Authors: Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth , Martinsen Bente , Jørgensen Lene Bastrup , Sørensen Erik Elgaard 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNursing was established in Denmark as a scholarly tradition in the late nineteen eighties, and ethnography was a preferred method. No critical review has yet summarised accomplishments and gaps and pointing at directions for the future methodological development and research herein.AimThis review critically examines the current state of the use of ethnographic methodology in the body of knowledge from Danish nursing scholars.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in relevant databases from 2003 to 2016. The studies included were critically appraised by all authors for methodological robustness using the ten‐item instrument QARI from Joanna Briggs Institute.ResultsTwo hundred and eight studies met our inclusion criteria and 45 papers were included; the critical appraisal gave evidence of studies with certain robustness, except for the first question concerning the congruity between the papers philosophical perspective and methodology and the seventh question concerning reflections about the influence of the researcher on the study and vice versa. In most studies (n = 34), study aims and arguments for selecting ethnographic research are presented. Additionally, method sections in many studies illustrated that ethnographical methodology is nurtured by references such as Hammersley and Atkinson or Spradley.ConclusionsEvidence exists that Danish nursing scholars’ body of knowledge nurtures the ethnographic methodology mainly by the same few authors; however, whether this is an expression of a deliberate strategy or malnutrition in the form of lack of knowledge of other methodological options appears yet unanswered.
Stochastics of Cellular Differentiation Explained by Epigenetics: The Case of T‐Cell Differentiation and Functional Plasticity
Authors: Bhat J. , Helmuth J. , Chitadze G. , Kouakanou L. , Peters C. , Vingron M. , Ammerpohl O. , Kabelitz D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEpigenetic marks including histone modifications and DNA methylation are associated with the regulation of gene expression and activity. In addition, an increasing number of non‐coding RNAs with regulatory activity on gene expression have been identified. Alongside, technological advancements allow for the analysis of these mechanisms with high resolution up to the single‐cell level. For instance, the assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC‐seq) simultaneously probes for chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning. Thus, it provides information on two levels of epigenetic regulation. Development and differentiation of T cells into functional subset cells including memory T cells are dynamic processes driven by environmental signals. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of how epigenetic regulation contributes to subset specification, differentiation and memory development in T cells. Specifically, we focus on epigenetic mechanisms differentially active in the two distinct T cell populations expressing αβ or γδ T cell receptors. We also discuss examples of epigenetic alterations of T cells in autoimmune diseases. DNA methylation and histone acetylation are subject to modification by several classes of ‘epigenetic modifiers’, some of which are in clinical use or in preclinical development. Therefore, we address the impact of some epigenetic modifiers on T‐cell activation and differentiation, and discuss possible synergies with T cell‐based immunotherapeutic strategies.
Clostridium difficile infection in low‐ and middle‐human development index countries: a systematic review
Authors: Forrester Joseph D. , Cai Lawrence Z. , Mbanje Chenesa , Rinderknecht Tanya N. , Wren Sherry M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the impact and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in low‐ and middle‐human development index (LMHDI) countries.MethodProspectively registered, systematic literature review of existing literature in the PubMed, Ovid and Web of Science databases describing the epidemiology and management of C. difficile in LMHDI countries. Risk factors were compared between studies when available.ResultsOf the 218 abstracts identified after applying search criteria, 25 studies were reviewed in detail. The weighted pooled infection rate among symptomatic non‐immunosuppressed inpatients was 15.8% (95% CI 12.1–19.5%) and was 10.1% (95% CI 3.0–17.2%) among symptomatic outpatients. Subgroup analysis of immunosuppressed patient populations revealed pooled infection rates similar to non‐immunosuppressed patient populations. Risk factor analysis was infrequently performed.ConclusionsWhile the percentages of patients with CDI in LMHDI countries among the reviewed studies are lower than expected, there remains a paucity of epidemiologic data evaluating burden of C. difficile infection in these settings.
Comparison of time to obtain intraosseous versus jugular venous catheterization on canine cadavers
Authors: Allukian Alison R. , Abelson Amanda L. , Babyak Jonathan , Rozanski Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the time required and the success rate of personnel with 4 different levels of experience to place a humeral intraosseous (IO) catheter versus a jugular venous catheter (IV) in cadaver dogs.DesignProspective study.SettingVeterinary university teaching hospital.InterventionsCanine cadavers from recently euthanized dogs were obtained from the cadaver donation program between May and December 2014. Catheter placers (CPs) with varying clinical experience, including a first year emergency and critical care resident, a senior emergency veterinary technician (VTS certified), a final year veterinary student, and an ACVECC diplomate, participated in the study. Each CP catheterized a total of 6 dogs so that there was a total of 6 IO and 6 IV catheters placed, by automatic rotary insertion device (with an EZ‐IO gun) and vascular cut‐down technique, respectively, for each CP. Time for IO catheterization and IV catheterization was recorded and compared. The success of IO catheterization and IV catheterization was verified by visualization of an injection of iodinated contrast material under fluoroscopy within the medullary cavity or vessel.AnimalsTwenty‐four canine cadavers.Measurements and Main ResultsOutcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance. The median time for all IO catheterization operators was faster at 55.4 seconds (range 15.0–153.0 s) compared to the median time for all IV catherization operators at 217.3 seconds (range 55.6–614 s). The success rate for IO and IV was equal at 87.5%.ConclusionIO catheterization using an automatic rotary insertion device was performed more rapidly and successfully than jugular venous catheterization using a cut‐down technique in canine cadaver. These findings suggest IO catheterization may be more efficient for gaining vascular access in the appropriate emergency clinical situations when preexisting IV access does not exist.