bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD30 Positive Lymphomatoid Angiocentric Drug Reactions: Characterization of a Series of 20 Cases
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , Olson Luke C. , Nguyen Giang Huong , de Feraudy Sebastien M. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction:
Lymphomatoid drug reactions are atypical T cell cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates induced by pharmacological therapy. Due to phenotypic abnormalities, clonality, and their close clinical and morphologic resemblance to T cell lymphomas, these eruptions have been categorized as drug-associated reversible granulomatous T cell dyscrasias.

Design:
A total of 20 cases were encountered in which a diagnosis of CD30+ lymphomatoid drug reaction was rendered.

Results:
There were 11 women and 9 men ranging from 31 to 86 years of age presenting with a sudden onset often generalized cutaneous papular eruption. Two patients had vasculitic lesions. In all cases, a positive drug history was elicited and in most the initiation of the drug was temporally associated with the cutaneous eruption. Among the implicated drugs were statins (6 cases), immunomodulators (4 cases), ACE inhibitors (3 cases), antibiotics (3 cases), chemotherapy agents (3 cases), and antidepressants (1 case). Biopsies demonstrated a similar morphology, namely a superficial angiocentric lymphocytic infiltrate containing many immunoblasts. Tissue eosinophilia, interface dermatitis, and supervening eczematous changes in the overlying epidermis were observed in most cases. In all cases, the angiocentric infiltrate was highlighted by CD3, CD30, and CD4. Cytotoxic protein granule expression or monoclonality was not observed. In all cases, there was improvement or complete regression of the eruption upon drug modulation.

Conclusion:
The CD30 positive lymphomatoid angiocentric drug reaction poses a diagnostic challenge because of its close resemblance to type A lymphomatoid papulosis and potential confusion with a peripheral T cell lymphoma with large cell transformation.
Living on the Edge: Diagnosing Sarcomatoid Melanoma Using Histopathologic Cues at the Edge of a Dedifferentiated Tumor: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Erstine Emily M. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Ko Jennifer S. , Prieto Victor G. , Cheah Alison L. , Billings Steven D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Sarcomatoid melanoma is a rare type of melanoma lacking typical histologic features of melanoma and often lacks expression of S100 protein and melanocyte-specific markers. Given the rarity of this entity, its clinicopathologic findings are not well defined. We report 2 cases of sarcomatoid melanoma received in consultation: a 65-year-old woman with a right breast mass and a 62-year-old man with a left plantar heel mass. Both lesions were ulcerated, pedunculated, highly cellular proliferations of atypical spindle cells arranged as fascicles and/or sheets. The tumor cells of the breast mass expressed CD10 and vimentin diffusely but S100 protein only focally. The tumor cells of the heel mass lacked expression of melanocytic markers altogether, except for weak, very focal S100 protein expression. At the junctional edge of the breast mass and in the ulcer base of the heel mass, focal precursor melanoma was present and exhibited melanocytic differentiation. We report these cases to emphasize the importance of meticulous histologic inspection at the lesion's edge and/or ulcer base to correctly identify the conventional precursor melanoma in these rare lesions to ensure appropriate diagnosis and subsequent clinical management as treatment options may be significantly different from those offered for sarcomas.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Stewart Colin J. R. , Kyrpychova Liubov , Belousova Irena E. , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Although the normal histology of anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG) has been studied, no systemic investigation has been performed on the immunoprofile of these structures. We studied intact AGMLG with a broad panel of antibodies. The immunoprofile of AGMLG is similar to that of a normal breast tissue, and there are similarities to eccrine glands and coils about cytokeratin expression. Our immunohistochemical data may contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of lesions arising from AGMLG.
Inotropic Effects of Prostacyclins on the Right Ventricle Are Abolished in Isolated Rat Hearts With Right-Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure
Authors: Holmboe Sarah , Andersen Asger , Johnsen Jacob , Nielsen Jan Møller , Nørregaard Rikke , Bøtker Hans Erik , Clapp Lucie H. , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Prostacyclin mimetics are vasodilatory agents used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The direct effects of prostanoids on right-ventricular (RV) function are unknown. We aimed to investigate the direct effects of prostacyclin mimetics on RV function in hearts with and without RV hypertrophy and failure.

Methods:
Wistar rats were subjected to pulmonary trunk banding to induce compensated RV hypertrophy (n = 32) or manifest RV failure (n = 32). Rats without banding served as healthy controls (n = 30). The hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff system and subjected to iloprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol, or MRE-269 in increasing concentrations. The effect on RV function was evaluated using a balloon-tipped catheter inserted into the right ventricle.

Results:
In control hearts, iloprost, treprostinil, and MRE-269 improved RV function. The effect was, however, absent in hearts with RV hypertrophy and failure. Treprostinil and MRE-269 even impaired RV function in hearts with manifest RV failure.

Conclusions:
Iloprost, treprostinil, and MRE-269 improved RV function in the healthy rat heart. RV hypertrophy abolished the positive inotropic effect, and in the failing right ventricle, MRE-269 and treprostinil impaired RV function. This may be related to changes in prostanoid receptor expression and reduced coronary flow reserve in the hypertrophic and failing right ventricle.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Normal Facial Morphologies of Asians and Whites: A Novel Method of Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Kim Jamie Y. , Kau Chung H. , Christou Terpsithea , Ovsenik Maja , Guk Park Young 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The purpose of this study is to compare 3-dimensional facial averages of Asians (Koreans and Chinese) and Houstonian white faces using a (3-dimensional) surface imaging system.

Methods:
Three-dimensional images of Korean adults (Seoul, Korea) with class I malocclusion captured using the 3dMDface. The images of 138 Koreans were processed to generate average male and female facial shells using Rapidform 2006 plus pack 2 software and then superimposed and compared with the average shells of Chinese adults (Xi’ An, China) and white adults (Houston, Tex.).

Results:
The average Korean male and female faces were wider with prominent malar and zygomatic areas when compared with the white faces. The average white male and female faces showed more protrusion in the glabella, nasion, rhinion, and the soft-tissue pogonion than the Korean faces. The average Korean male face was retrusive at masseteric region while having more prominent lips, nasal tip, and supraglabella than the Chinese counterpart. The average Korean female face was narrower than the average Chinese female face, but there was more protrusion in the periorbital, nasal tip, and malar region seen in the Korean female face.

Conclusions:
Although the average faces of Chinese and Korean populations in this study showed remarkable similarities, there were distinct differences seen in the facial morphology of the 2 Asian groups. Three-dimensional imaging can be effectively used to establish population facial norms and to quantify the variations seen between different ethnicities. This information may be used in the clinical environment for plastic, oral, and maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics.
Trabeculectomy Combined With Collagen Matrix Implant (Ologen)
Authors: Perez Claudio I. , Mellado Felipe , Jones Alex , Colvin Ricardo 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to report and evaluate outcomes of trabeculectomy with use of a subconjunctival biodegradable collagen matrix implant.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective review of trabeculectomy with Ologen implant of 65 eyes of 58 patients by the same surgeon from October, 2011 to October, 2014. Exclusion criteria were <6 months of follow-up after surgery, and uveitic or neovascular glaucoma. Demographic characteristics of the study population, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, bleb characteristics, and early and late postoperative complications were recorded. Complete and qualified IOP control success, ≤15 and ≤18 mm Hg, was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the patients in the study was 65.9±15.1 years. IOP was reduced from a mean of 21.4±9.2 to 12.3±3.7 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (P<0.0001). The number of IOP-lowering medications per eye was reduced from a mean of 1.86 preoperatively to 0.2 at the last follow-up visit (P<0.0001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves of complete success for IOP≤15 mm Hg and ≤18 mm Hg were 47.2% and 62.9%, respectively, at 36 months. Postoperative complications occurred in 15% of the eyes, with bleb leakage (6%) and hypotony (5%), which were resolved medically. At the last postoperative visit, blebs were described as normal (86.4%), flat (9.1%), and polycystic (4.5%).

Conclusions:
Trabeculectomy surgeries with Ologen performed by the same surgeon were effective in lowering IOP with a low complication rate at mid-term follow-up.
MRI Study of the Posterior Visual Pathways in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Wei , Muir Eric R. , Chalfin Steven , Nagi Kundandeep S. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate neurodegeneration along brain visual pathways in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using improved analysis methods of volumetric and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Methods:
Eleven POAG patients (60.0±9.2 y) with primarily mild to moderate POAG and 11 age-matched controls (55.9±7.5 y) were studied using structural and diffusion tensor MRI. Surface-based segmentation was applied to structural MRI to obtain visual cortical area and volume. Fiber tracking was applied to diffusion tensor data to obtain diffusion parameters along the optic tract and optic radiation. MRI parameters in glaucoma patients were compared with the corresponding left and right visual fields and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses, instead of with the left and right eye.

Results:
Area and volume of the primary visual cortex were significantly reduced in POAG patients compared with controls (P<0.05) but did not correlate with visual field loss. Fractional anisotropy was reduced at multiple locations along the optic tracts and optic radiations in POAG patients compared with controls. Axial and radial diffusivity along the fiber tracts showed trends but were not significantly different between POAG patients and controls when averaged over the whole structures. Only fractional anisotropy (P<0.05) of the optic radiations was significantly correlated with visual field loss. No MRI parameters were correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Conclusions:
Improved analysis techniques of MRI data improves delineation of degeneration in the brain visual pathways and further supports the notion that neurodegeneration is involved with glaucoma pathogenesis.
Attaining Proficiency in Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy While Maximizing Safety during Procedure Development
Authors: Sarkaria Inderpal S. , Rizk Nabil P. , Grosser Rachel , Goldman Debra , Finley David J. , Ghanie Amanda , Sima Camelia S. , Bains Manjit S. , Adusumilli Prasad S. , Rusch Valerie W. , Jones David R. 
Published: September 2016

Objective Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is an emerging complex operation with limited reports detailing morbidity, mortality, and requirements for attaining proficiency. Our objective was to develop a standardized RAMIE technique, evaluate procedure safety, and assess outcomes using a dedicated operative team and 2-surgeon approach. Methods We conducted a study of sequential patients undergoing RAMIE from January 25, 2011, to May 5, 2014. Intermedian demographics and perioperative data were compared between sequential halves of the experience using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Fischer exact test. Median operative time was tracked over successive 15-patient cohorts. Results One hundred of 313 esophageal resections performed at our institution underwent RAMIE during the study period. A dedicated team including 2 attending surgeons and uniform anesthesia and OR staff was established. There were no significant differences in age, sex, histology, stage, induction therapy, or risk class between the 2 halves of the study. Estimated blood loss, conversions, operative times, and overall complications significantly decreased. The median resected lymph nodes increased but was not statistically significant. Median operative time decreased to approximately 370 minutes between the 30th and the 45th cases. There were no emergent intraoperative complications, and the anastomotic leak rate was 6% (6/100). The 30-day mortality was 0% (0/100), and the 90-day mortality was 1% (1/100). Conclusions Excellent perioperative and short-term patient outcomes with minimal mortality can be achieved using a standardized RAMIE procedure and a dedicated team approach. The structured process described may serve as a model to maximize patients’ safety during development and assessment of complex novel procedures.
Prescribing Practice in Inpatients Versus Outpatients With Schizophrenia Initiating Treatment With Second-Generation Antipsychotics
Authors: Edlinger Monika , Rettenbacher Maria A. , Kemmler Georg , Biedermann Falko , Widschwendter Christian G. , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang , Hofer Alex 
Published: September 2016

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether the choice and dosage of antipsychotic medication differ between patients with schizophrenia starting treatment in an inpatient or outpatient unit. In addition, we investigated whether the reason for the introduction of new antipsychotic medication had an impact on the treatment setting and whether the use of benzodiazepines differed between inpatients and outpatients.

Method
From October 1997 to September 2010, patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision aged between 18 and 65 years were allocated to a naturalistic drug-monitoring program when starting treatment with a second-generation antipsychotic drug. Psychopathological symptoms were rated at baseline and after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Inpatients and outpatients were compared with regard to the use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. To compare different drugs, chlorpromazine and diazepam equivalents were calculated.

Results
Lack of efficacy and side effects were the main reasons for initiating new antipsychotic medication. Combined evaluation of all antipsychotic compounds by meta-analysis resulted in a significant effect of the treatment setting, with inpatients receiving higher doses than outpatients. In addition, inpatients were prescribed benzodiazepines more often and in higher doses than outpatients.

Conclusions
Both antipsychotics and benzodiazepines were prescribed at higher doses in an inpatient setting. Moreover, benzodiazepines were prescribed more frequently to inpatients. Accordingly, the treatment setting needs to be taken into consideration in treatment recommendations for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia
Authors: Boerman Remco , Cohen Dan , Schulte Peter F. J. , Nugter Annet 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveSeveral studies show an association between schizophrenia and low levels of vitamin D. To date, there are only few studies about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency is less common among patients with bipolar disorder than among patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A second hypothesis is that vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorders than among the general Dutch population.Most studies have been conducted with hospitalized patients; in this study, we only included outpatients.MethodsAll outpatients of a center for bipolar disorders and all outpatients of 3 flexible assertive community treatment teams were asked to participate in this cross-sectional study.ResultsWe included 118 patients with bipolar disorder and 202 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Vitamin D levels were deficient in 30.3% (95% confidence interval, 25.5–35.6) of the cases. The type of psychiatric disorder was not a predictor of vitamin D deficiency. The absolute difference in risk of deficiency between the study population and the Dutch Caucasian population was 23.8% (95% confidence interval, 18.3%-29.3%).ConclusionsIn this study, vitamin D deficiency was 4.7 times more common among outpatients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder than among the Dutch general population.Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, we believe that outpatients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder should be considered at risk of having low levels of vitamin D. Annual measurement of vitamin D levels in psychiatric outpatients with these disorders seems to be justified to maintain bone health, muscle strength, and to prevent osteoporosis.
Disease Status and Pubertal Stage Predict Improved Growth in Antitumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cameron Fiona L. , Altowati Mabrouka A. , Rogers Pamela , McGrogan Paraic , Anderson Niall , Bisset William Michael , Ahmed Syed Faisal , Wilson David C. , Russell Richard K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Growth failure is well‐recognized in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD; <18 years). We aimed to examine whether antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy improves growth in a PIBD population‐based cohort.Methods:A retrospective review of all Scottish children receiving anti‐TNF (infliximab [IFX] and adalimumab [ADA]) from 2000 to 2012 was performed; height was collected at 12 months before anti‐TNF (T‐12), start (T0), and 12 (T+12) months after anti‐TNF.Results:Ninety‐three of 201 treated with IFX and 28 of 49 with ADA had satisfactory growth data; 66 had full pubertal data. Univariate analysis demonstrated early pubertal stages (Tanner 1–3 n = 44 vs T4–5 n = 22), disease remission, disease duration ≥2 years, and duration of IFX ≥12 months were associated with improved linear growth for IFX; for ADA only improvement was seen in Tanner 1–3. For IFX, Tanner 1–3 median Δ standard deviation scores for height (Ht SDS) −0.3 (−0.7, 0.2) at T0 changed to 0.04 (−0.5, 0.7) at T+12 (P < 0.001) versus −0.01 (−0.5, 0.9) at T0 in T4–5 changed to −0.01 (−0.4, 0.2) at T+12 (P > 0.05). For IFX disease duration ≥2 year, median Δ Ht SDS was −0.13 (−0.6, 0.3) at T0 then 0.07 (−0.3, 0.6) at T+12 (P < 0.001). Remission improved Δ Ht SDS (median Δ Ht SDS −0.14 [−0.6, 0.3] at T0 to 0.17 [−0.2, 0.7] at T+12 [P < 0.001]). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated corticosteroid usage at T0 predicted improved Δ Ht SDS at T+12 for IFX and ADA.Conclusions:Anti‐TNF therapy is more likely to be associated with growth improvement when used at earlier stages of puberty with remission a key growth‐promoting strategy in pediatric Crohn disease.
Seizures in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury*
Authors: Bennett Kimberly Statler , DeWitt Peter E. , Harlaar Nicole , Bennett Tellen D. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
Traumatic brain injury causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Posttraumatic seizures may worsen outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Posttraumatic seizures risk factors are not completely understood. Our objective was to clarify posttraumatic seizures risk factors in a large cohort of children with severe traumatic brain injury.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study of a probabilistically linked dataset from the National Trauma Data Bank and the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, 2007–2010.

Setting:
Twenty-nine U.S. children’s hospitals.

Patients:
A total of 2,122 children (age, < 18 yr old at admission) with linked National Trauma Data Bank and Pediatric Health Information Systems records, severe (emergency department Glasgow Coma Scale, < 8) traumatic brain injury, hospital length of stay more than 24 hours, and nonmissing disposition.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The outcome was posttraumatic seizures, identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Prespecified candidate predictors of posttraumatic seizures included age, injury mechanism, emergency department Glasgow Coma Scale, intracranial hemorrhage type, hypoxia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Posttraumatic seizures were diagnosed in 25.2% of children with severe traumatic brain injury. In those without abuse/assault or subdural hemorrhage, the posttraumatic seizures rate varied between 36.6% in those less than 2 years old and 16.4% in those 14–17 years old. Age, abusive mechanism, and subdural hemorrhage are each significant predictors of posttraumatic seizures. The risk of posttraumatic seizures has a complex relationship with these predictors. The estimated odds of posttraumatic seizures decrease with advancing age, odds ratio equal to 0.929 (0.905–0.954) per additional year of age with no abuse/assault and no subdural hemorrhage; odds ratio equal to 0.820 (0.730–0.922) per additional year of age when abuse and subdural hemorrhage are present. An infant with accidental traumatic brain injury and subdural hemorrhage has approximately the same estimated probability of posttraumatic seizures as an abused infant without subdural hemorrhage (47% [95% CI, 39–55%] vs 50% [95% CI, 41–58%]; p = 0.69). The triad of young age, injury by abuse/assault, and subdural hemorrhage confers the greatest estimated probability for posttraumatic seizures (60% [95% CI, 53–66%]).

Conclusions:
Posttraumatic seizures risk in children with severe traumatic brain injury is greatest with a triad of younger age, injury by abuse/assault, and subdural hemorrhage. However, posttraumatic seizures are common even in the absence of these factors.