bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteotsunami occurrences and causes in Lake Michigan
Authors: Bechle Adam J. , Kristovich David A. R. , Wu Chin H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe occurrence of meteotsunamis in Lake Michigan is quantified at 10 locations from up to 20 years of historical water level records. Meteotsunami height data are fit with Pareto Type 1 and Generalized Pareto Distributions to estimate exceedance probabilities. The annual meteotsunami return level exceeds 0.25 m at all but two stations, with the largest annual return level of 0.62 m at Calumet Harbor. Analysis of radar imagery indicates that Lake Michigan meteotsunamis are associated primarily with convective storm structures, with a considerable contribution from frontal storms as well. Meteotsunami association with convective storm structures is more prevalent in southern Lake Michigan while frontal storm structures have a greater association with meteotsunamis in northern Lake Michigan. Water depths in southern Lake Michigan are conducive to Proudman resonance with convective storms while the northern Lake Michigan is too deep to meet Proudman resonance criteria, suggesting Greenspan edge wave resonance as the likely generation mechanism. Interestingly, meteotsunami events occur primarily in the late spring and early summer, approximately 1 month before the peak convective storm season but after the peak cyclone season. Overall, this statistical analysis provides valuable insight into the spatial and temporal trends in meteotsunami occurrence in Lake Michigan needed to estimate the risk posed by these dangerous coastal hazards.
On the variability of the Priestley‐Taylor coefficient over water bodies
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Li Dan , Tyler Scott , Tanny Josef , Cohen Shabtai , Bou‐Zeid Elie , Parlange Marc , Katul Gabriel G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDeviations in the Priestley‐Taylor (PT) coefficient αPT from its accepted 1.26 value are analyzed over large lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands where stomatal or soil controls are minimal or absent. The data sets feature wide variations in water body sizes and climatic conditions. Neither surface temperature nor sensible heat flux variations alone, which proved successful in characterizing αPT variations over some crops, explain measured deviations in αPT over water. It is shown that the relative transport efficiency of turbulent heat and water vapor is key to explaining variations in αPT over water surfaces, thereby offering a new perspective over the concept of minimal advection or entrainment introduced by PT. Methods that allow the determination of αPT based on low‐frequency sampling (i.e., 0.1 Hz) are then developed and tested, which are usable with standard meteorological sensors that filter some but not all turbulent fluctuations. Using approximations to the Gram determinant inequality, the relative transport efficiency is derived as a function of the correlation coefficient between temperature and water vapor concentration fluctuations (RTq). The proposed approach reasonably explains the measured deviations from the conventional αPT = 1.26 value even when RTq is determined from air temperature and water vapor concentration time series that are Gaussian‐filtered and subsampled to a cutoff frequency of 0.1 Hz. Because over water bodies, RTq deviations from unity are often associated with advection and/or entrainment, linkages between αPT and RTq offer both a diagnostic approach to assess their significance and a prognostic approach to correct the 1.26 value when using routine meteorological measurements of temperature and humidity.
Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of succinate dehydrogenase–related infantile leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Helman Guy , Caldovic Ljubica , Whitehead Matthew T. , Simons Cas , Brockmann Knut , Edvardson Simon , Bai Renkui , Moroni Isabella , Taylor J. Michael , Van Haren Keith ,   the SDH Study Group, Taft Ryan J. , Vanderver Adeline , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveSuccinate dehydrogenase–deficient leukoencephalopathy is a complex II–related mitochondrial disorder for which the clinical phenotype, neuroimaging pattern, and genetic findings have not been comprehensively reviewed.MethodsNineteen individuals with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency–related leukoencephalopathy were reviewed for neuroradiological, clinical, and genetic findings as part of institutional review board–approved studies at Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) and VU University Medical Center (Amsterdam, the Netherlands).ResultsAll individuals had signal abnormalities in the central corticospinal tracts and spinal cord where imaging was available. Other typical findings were involvement of the cerebral hemispheric white matter with sparing of the U fibers, the corpus callosum with sparing of the outer blades, the basis pontis, middle cerebellar peduncles, and cerebellar white matter, and elevated succinate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The thalamus was involved in most studies, with a predilection for the anterior nucleus, pulvinar, and geniculate bodies. Clinically, infantile onset neurological regression with partial recovery and subsequent stabilization was typical. All individuals had mutations in SDHA, SDHB, or SDHAF1, or proven biochemical defect.InterpretationSuccinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare leukoencephalopathy, for which improved recognition by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with advanced sequencing technologies allows noninvasive diagnostic confirmation. The MRI pattern is characterized by cerebral hemispheric white matter abnormalities with sparing of the U fibers, corpus callosum involvement with sparing of the outer blades, and involvement of corticospinal tracts, thalami, and spinal cord. In individuals with infantile regression and this pattern of MRI abnormalities, the differential diagnosis should include succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, in particular if MRS shows elevated succinate. Ann Neurol 2016 ANN NEUROL 2016;79:379–386
Profilierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen mit Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation
Authors: Green Brenda J. , Saberi Safaei Tina , Mepham Adam , Labib Mahmoud , Mohamadi Reza M. , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn den letzten zehn Jahren gab es wichtige Fortschritte bei der Erfassung seltener zirkulierender Tumorzellen (CTCs) aus dem Blut von Krebspatienten als eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die nichtinvasive Tumorprofilierung. Diese Fortschritte haben zudem neue Einblicke in die Materialchemie und die Mikrofluidik erbracht und ermöglichten die Erfassung und Auszählung von CTCs mit beispielloser Empfindlichkeit. Allerdings wurde auch immer klarer, dass einfaches Isolieren und Auszählen von Tumorzellen, die in den Kreislauf gelangt waren, nicht die benötigten Informationen lieferte, um unser Verständnis der Biologie dieser seltenen Zellen zu vertiefen oder um sie sich in der Therapie besser zunutze zu machen. Mithilfe von Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation mit maßgeschneiderten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften ist man inzwischen in der Lage, mehr Informationen aus CTCs zu gewinnen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die Arbeiten der letzten zehn Jahre in diesem Gebiet diskutiert, wobei insbesondere die bahnbrechenden Studien der letzten fünf Jahre Berücksichtigung finden, die den Blick über das einfache Isolieren von CTCs hinaus auf Ansätze gerichtet haben, die eine tiefergehende Analyse ermöglichen.
Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Thioacetic Acid topara‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Dong Nan , Zhang Zhi‐Pei , Xue Xiao‐Song , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric 1,6‐conjugate addition of thioacetic acid withpara‐quinone methides has been developed by using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis in the presence of water. A series of sulfur‐containing compounds were thus obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Theoretical studies indicated that the water‐bridged proton transfer is a potentially favorable reaction pathway. An unprecedented O−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between water and the aromatic nucleus of chiral phosphoric acid was discovered to contribute significantly to the stereocontrol in the catalysis.
Flexible X‐ray radiation protection membrane PVA/pb(NO3)2 microcapsule composites supported by bacterial cellulose
Authors: Tang Lian , Zheng Yi , Chen Shiyan , Wang Lei , Wang Huaping 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTFlexible and nonpoisonous X‐ray‐shielding membranes supported by bacterial cellulose (BC) were prepared, in which X‐ray‐shielding materials were of microcapsule structure by using polyvinyl alcohol as shell and lead salt as core. The effect of the wall/core interaction and the amount of cross‐linking agent were taken into consideration to find the optimal reaction conditions. The morphology, microcapsule size, and lead salt release properties were investigated. After supported by BC, the flexible and potable membranes for X‐ray radiation protection were prepared and the shielding properties were evaluated, which indicated a good X‐ray‐shielding material. We set up a new method to prepare flexible and portable X‐ray radiation protection membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43120.
A ductile and highly fibrillating PPTA‐pulp and its reinforcement and filling effects of PPTA‐pulp on properties of paper‐based materials
Authors: Yang Bin , Lu Zhaoqing , Zhang Meiyun , Liu Yijuan , Liu Guodong 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, poly(para‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)‐pulp was investigated in view of employment in functional paper‐based materials as reinforcement, bonding, and filling materials. The morphological characteristics, fibrillation degree and the role of PPTA‐pulp, the ratio of PPTA‐pulp to PPTA fiber on the mechanical properties, and paper formation uniformity of the functional base paper were discussed. The results showed that the ductile, rough, and highly fibrillating morphological characteristics of PPTA‐pulp are helpful to give rise to some distinctive properties such as wet‐machinability and reinforcement effects in composite materials. Fibrillation of PPTA‐pulp significantly contributes to generating more highly dispersed slender threadlike micro‐fibrils and improving the properties of base paper. This research suggested a significant reinforcement, bonding, and filling potential of PPTA‐pulp for the production of functional paper composite materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43209.
Conservation potential of artificial water bodies for fish communities on a heavily modified agricultural floodplain
Authors: Davis Aaron M. , Moore Alex R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

With tropical floodplain wetlands ranking among the world's most threatened ecosystems, artificial water bodies are an often under‐appreciated potential conservation resource for aquatic fauna in these heavily modified environments.
This paper describes the fish communities in 27 artificial water bodies having three different management and design types (ditch recycle pits, generic recycle pits and constructed wetlands) on a heavily modified floodplain in northern Australia.
In these artificial water bodies, constructed wetlands housed significantly higher mean native fish diversity, followed by generic recycle pits and then ditches, where communities were numerically dominated by invasive, non‐native fishes. Environmental parameters such as water body depth and riparian zone condition were the descriptors that best explained fish community composition across water bodies.
Comparison with collated fish survey data representing broader floodplain γ‐diversity showed that >70% of regional fish diversity was housed in artificial water bodies, with constructed wetlands alone accounting for 68% of freshwater species known from the floodplain. In addition, site (α) diversity of native species in constructed wetlands did not differ from site diversity in remnant, relatively intact natural water bodies, and was significantly greater than species diversity in heavily degraded, natural floodplain habitats.
Study results provide strong evidence that artificial water bodies can make useful contributions to biodiversity conservation by providing artificial habitat in a floodplain environment dominated by agriculture.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detachment‐Based Equilibrium of Anoikic Cell Death and Autophagic Cell Survival Through Adaptor Protein p66Shc
Authors: Cai Zeyuan , Zhao Dan , Sun Yanan , Gao Dan , Li Xia , Yang Jie , Ma Zhenyi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAnoikis (detachment‐induced cell death) confers a tumor‐suppressive function in metastatic cancer cells. Autophagy, a conserved self‐degradative process, enhances the anoikis resistance of detached cancer cells by maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanism of regulating cell fate‐decision by balancing anoikis and autophagy has been poorly understood. Our previous studies have shown that the adaptor protein p66Shc mediates anoikis through RhoA activation and inhibits tumor metastasis in vivo. We also found that p66Shc depletion mitigates nutrient‐deprivation‐induced autophagy. These findings suggest p66Shc may coordinately regulate these two processes. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of p66Shc on the cell death of detached lung cancer cells, and measured autophagy markers and autophagic flux. Results showed that p66Shc depletion significantly inhibited anoikis, and reduced the formation of LC3B‐II and the degradation of Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) in detachment‐induced cells. Using monodansylcadaverine (MDC)‐LysoTracker double staining and monomeric Cherry (mCherry)‐GFP‐LC3 assay, we found that the autophagic flux was also mitigated by p66Shc depletion. In addition, p66Shc knockdown increased the formation of full‐length X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)‐associated factor 1 (XAF1), which enhances anoikis sensitivity. In conclusion, p66Shc plays an essential role in detachment‐based equilibrium of anoikic cell death and autophagic cell survival. Anat Rec, 299:325–333, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Coccyx Using Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Ju‐Young , Gil Young‐Chun , Shin Kang‐Jae , Kim Jeong‐Nam , Joo Sung‐Hong , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTo provide anatomical and morphological data regarding the coccyx using three‐dimensional images, with a view to aiding the diagnosis of idiopathic coccydynia, one hundred and thirty‐six normal adult pelvises were investigated. Three‐dimensional models of the pelvis were reconstructed using software from computed tomography images of whole specimens. The following six coccyx parameters were measured: (1) width, (2) straight length, (3) thickness, (4) sacrococcygeal angle, (5) intercoccygeal angle, and (6) angle of lateral deviation of the coccyx. The presence of fusion between the sacral and coccygeal cornua, and between the sacrum and the transverse process of the coccyx was also investigated, and lateral deviations of the coccyx were classified and analyzed. Most of the measured coccyx parameters were larger in males than in females, with the exception of the sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal angles. Unilateral or bilateral fusion of the sacral cornu and the coccygeal cornu was not a rare finding. With respect to the sacrum and the transverse process of coccyx, the separated type was more common than the fused type. The incidence and angle of lateral deviation of the coccyx varied widely between individuals. The present detailed description of the gross anatomy of the coccyx obtained using three‐dimensional modeling will help toward understanding the mechanism underlying the development of idiopathic coccydynia. Fusion of the sacrum and coccyx or lateral deviation of the coccyx may cause coccydynia by compressing the coccygeal nerves. Anat Rec, 299:307–312, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐model analysis of the Atlantic influence on Southern Amazon rainfall
Authors: Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAmazon rainfall is subject to year‐to‐year fluctuation resulting in drought and flood in various intensities. A major climatic driver of the interannual variation of the Amazon rainfall is El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Also, the sea surface temperature over the Atlantic Ocean is identified as an important climatic driver on the Amazon water cycle. Previously, observational data sets were used to support the Atlantic influence on Amazon rainfall. Here, it is found that multiple global climate models do reproduce the Atlantic–Amazon link robustly. However, there exist differences in rainfall response, which primarily depends on the climatological rainfall amount.
Die Helfer‐Theorie der Gewissensevolution
Authors: Voland Eckart , Voland Renate 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDas Gewissen ist durch Merkmale gekennzeichnet, die sich nicht so ohne weiteres aus der Wirkweise der natürlichen Selektion verstehen lassen, weil mit ihm – im evolutionären Sinn – nachteilige Folgen verbunden sind. Wir versuchen in diesem Aufsatz, das Paradox mit einer “Helfer‐Theorie” der Gewissensevolution zu lösen, die den Ursprung der menschlichen Altruismus‐Moral in der Dynamik des evolutionären Eltern/Kind‐Konflikts verortet. In diesem Szenario sehen wir den ko‐evolvierten Zusammenhang von elterlichem Investment und kindlichem Gehorsam als Initial der Gewissensevolution und damit als Quelle für einen nicht im Eigeninteresse aufgehenden Altruismus.
Begegnungen in der Arktis Spitzbergens
Authors: Bergmann Hans‐Heiner 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpitzbergen liegt nur 1300 km südlich des Nordpols, ist aber durch den Einfluss des Golfstroms klimamilder als seine nördliche Lage erwarten lässt. In dem kurzen arktischen Sommer gedeihen knapp 180 Blütenpflanzenarten, darunter mehr als zehn Steinbrecharten. Der Wald besteht aus zentimeterhohen kriechenden Weiden. Neben der hocharktischen Tundra gibt es große Flächen arktischer Wüste ohne Vegetation. Von den etwa 30 regelmäßig hier brütenden Vogelarten sind fast alle Sommergäste, nur das Alpenschneehuhn ist Jahresvogel. Neben dieser Hühnerart gibt es drei Gänsearten, die sich ebenfalls als Pflanzenfresser ernähren. Die übrigen Vögel sind für ihre Ernährung weitgehend auf das Meer angewiesen. Als Beutegreifer treten Eisbär, verschiedene Robben, Eisfuchs, Eismöwe und Raubmöwen auf. Trotz der dramatisch zunehmenden Touristenzahlen zeigt sich eine Reihe von Tieren erstaunlich zahm.
Süßkartoffel: Ein Beispiel für eine natürlich entstandene transgene Feldfrucht
Authors: Hensel Götz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSind gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen unnatürlich? Diese Frage wird häufig kontrovers diskutiert – meist mit unbefriedigendem Ausgang. Nun lautet die klare Antwort aber “nein”. Studien in der Süßkartoffel zeigen, dass der Mensch während der Domestikation gezielt “transgene” Pflanzen mit verbesserten Eigenschaften selektiert hat, denn die Süßkartoffel ist eine genetisch modifizierte Pflanze, die natürlich entstanden ist.
“Preis‐werter” DNA‐Reparaturkasten
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGleich fünf Wissenschaftler wurden in diesem Jahr für ihre Forschung zum Thema DNA‐Reparatur ausgezeichnet: Paul Modrich (mismatch repair), Tomas Lindahl (base excision repair) und Aziz Sancar (nucleotid excision repair) teilen sich den Nobelpreis für Chemie 2015; Evelyn Witkin (Bacterial SOS) und Stephen Elledge (Eukarytic Kinase Signaling Pathway) erhielten den renommierten Lasker‐Preis 2015. Sie repräsentieren ein großes Forschungsfeld, das sich mit der Frage beschäftigt, wie DNA‐Defekte innerhalb einer prokaryotischen oder eukaryotischen Zelle erkannt und beseitigt werden.
Was hat Schinkenspeck in der PCR zu suchen?
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: December 2015

AbstractKönnen Sie sich vorstellen, dass ich mir einmal ernsthaft die Frage stellte, warum man molekularen “Schinkenspeck” bei der quantitativen Echtzeit‐PCR einsetzt? Das Missverständnis klärte sich auf, als ich verstand, dass kein “molecular bacon”, wohl aber “molecular beacon” gemeint ist, was soviel wie “molekulares Leuchtfeuer” heißt. Hand auf's Herz: Wissen Sie, worum es sich hier handelt und was ein Leuchtfeuer in einer PCR verloren hat?
Are humans rational? Exploring factors influencing impulse buying intention and continuous impulse buying intention
Authors: Chen Yi‐Fen , Wang Ruo‐Yu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of consumers' impulsivity traits, option framing, product type, and cash refund promotion on consumers' online impulse buying intention. This study follows two stages to investigate factors influencing impulse buying intention and continuous impulse buying intention. In Stage 1, this study investigates the influence of impulsivity traits (high/low), option framing (+OF/−OF), and product type (hedonic product/utilitarian product) in online shopping on impulse buying intention. In Stage 2, this study explores factors moderating the continuous impulse buying intention. Cash refund promotion (high/low) serves as the moderator. The experiment results demonstrated that subjects with high impulsivity traits, “subtractive option framing (−OF), and hedonic products” are more likely to engage in impulse buying intention. In addition, cash refund promotion at a higher level increases consumers' continuous impulse buying intention. The findings provide guidance for designing appropriate online promotion situation to induce consumers' impulse buying intention that favors online retailers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of and Mechanistic Considerations for the Enantioselective Dihydroxylation of Styrene Catalyzed by Osmate‐Laccase‐Poly(2‐Methyloxazoline) in Organic Solvents
Authors: Leurs Melanie , Spiekermann Pia S. , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Sharpless dihydroxylation of styrene with the artificial metalloenzyme osmate‐laccase‐poly(2‐methyloxazoline) was investigated to find reaction conditions that allow this unique catalyst to reveal its full potential. After changing the co‐oxidizing agent to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and optimizing the osmate/enzyme ratio, the turnover frequency and the turnover number could be increased by an order of magnitude, showing that the catalyst can compete with classical organometallic catalysts. Varying the metal in the active center showed that osmate is by far the most active catalytic center, but the reaction can also be realized with permanganate and iron(II) salts.
Levulinic Acid as a Catalyst for the Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural from Lignocellulose Biomass
Authors: Seemala Bhogeswararao , Haritos Victoria , Tanksale Akshat 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLevulinic acid (LA) was used as a catalyst for the first time to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) and furfural (FAL) from pinewood and eucalyptus sawdust in a mono‐ or biphasic solvent system. 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran was used as a co‐solvent with water in different ratios and temperatures (140–200 °C). Highest yields of 5‐HMF and FAL were obtained at 180 °C and 2 h reaction time; however, at 160 °C, high yields of C6 and C5 sugars were obtained. Both hydrolysis and dehydration steps were accelerated in the MTHF/water biphasic system compared to pure aqueous phase. In particular, 1:2 w/w ratio of MTHF/water resulted in the highest yield of 5‐HMF and FAL, whereas 2:1 w/w ratio showed highest yield of C6 and C5 sugars. Increasing the ratio of MTHF/water resulted in a higher fraction of dehydrated products extracted into the organic phase. LA as a catalyst is beneficial because it is miscible in both the phases and the presence of LA favours the equilibrium towards 5‐HMF production.