bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hamman’s syndrome in diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Pain Alexandra Rose , Pomroy Josh , Benjamin Andrea 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Hamman’s syndrome (spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum) is a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), with a multifactorial etiology. Awareness of this syndrome is important: it is likely underdiagnosed as the main symptom of shortness of breath is often attributed to Kussmaul’s breathing and the findings on chest radiograph can be subtle and easily missed. It is also important to be aware of and consider Boerhaave’s syndrome as a differential diagnosis, a more serious condition with a 40% mortality rate when diagnosis is delayed. We present a case of pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, epidural emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema complicating DKA in an eighteen-year-old patient. We hope that increasing awareness of Hamman’s syndrome, and how to distinguish it from Boerhaave’s syndrome, will lead to better recognition and management of these syndromes in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Learning points:

Hamman’s syndrome (spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum) is a rare complication of DKA.

Presentation may be with chest or neck pain and shortness of breath, and signs are subcutaneous emphysema and Hamman’s sign – a precordial crunching or popping sound during systole.

Boerhaave’s syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially in cases with severe vomiting.

The diagnosis of pneumomediastinum is made on chest radiograph, but a CT thorax with water-soluble oral contrast looking for contrast leak may be required if there is high clinical suspicion of Boerrhave’s syndrome.

Hamman’s syndrome has an excellent prognosis, self-resolving with the correction of the ketoacidosis in all published cases in the literature.
The spectrum, incidence, kinetics and management of endocrinopathies with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Scott Emma S , Long Georgina V , Guminski Alexander , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Menzies Alexander M , Tsang Venessa H 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveEndocrine immune-related adverse events (endocrinopathies) are increasingly prevalent with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other malignancies. There are no evidence-based guidelines for the screening or management of such patients. To describe the spectrum, incidence, kinetics and management of endocrinopathies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.DesignA prospective study conducted at Melanoma Institute Australia between April 2014 and October 2015.MethodsA total of 177 patients were treated with (a) ipilimumab (n = 15), (b) anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) (n = 103) or (c) combination ipilimumab and anti-PD-1 (n = 59) and were screened and managed for the subsequent endocrinopathies. The main outcome measures were the incidence and kinetics of endocrinopathy by immunotherapy drug class.ResultsThirty-one patients (18%) developed an endocrine immune-related adverse event (thyroid dysfunction: 14%, hypophysitis: 6% and autoimmune diabetes: 0.6%). Combination immunotherapy was more likely to result in a single or multiple endocrinopathy compared to anti-PD-1 monotherapy (27% vs 9% and 7% vs 0% respectively,P < 0.01). Endocrinopathies occurred after a median of 8 weeks from treatment commencement (range: 12–225 days), with combination immunotherapy resulting in significantly earlier onset compared to ipilimumab (median: 30 vs 76 days,P = 0.046). The majority of endocrinopathies were identified in asymptomatic patients with hormonal screening. There were no baseline predictors for endocrinopathy.ConclusionsCombination immunotherapy has a greater risk of development of endocrinopathy compared to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Regular biochemical profiling of patients, particularly within the first twelve weeks, results in early detection of endocrinopathy to minimise morbidity.
Variação e definição de queda de sílaba: o contexto segmental em Capivari-SP e Campinas-SP
Authors: Leal Eneida de Goes 
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, o objetivo é comparar o nível segmental de variação de queda de sílaba em duas cidades do interior de São Paulo, Capivari e Campinas, com base nos resultados da tese de Leal (2012). Decidiu-se por apresentar exclusivamente os resultados do contexto segmental porque é nesse nível fonológico que o processo é definido (LEAL, 2006, 2007). O trabalho foi fundamentado na geometria de traços (CLEMENTS; HUME, 1995) e na sociolinguística variacionista (cf. LABOV, 1972, 1994, 2001), aplicadas a um corpus de 48 entrevistas (24 em cada cidade). Os resultados revelam que consoantes coronais favorecem, e nasais desfavorecem o processo, em ambos os dialetos. No entanto, há uma grande diferença na implementação com dorsais: o processo é favorecido em Capivari e desfavorecido em Campinas. Quanto às vogais, pudemos verificar que há diferenças nas duas cidades, pois sequências [coronal + coronal] e [dorso-labial + coronal] são neutras em Capivari e favorecidas em Campinas. Também se constatou com os resultados que o OCP atua parcialmente no processo, já que rege a igualdade das consoantes, mas não das vogais. O que parece ser importante são as características da primeira sílaba – aquela sujeita ao apagamento. Finalmente, a análise conclui que a implementação da queda de sílaba se dá diferentemente nas duas cidades, no que concerne ao contexto segmental.Palavras-chave: queda de sílaba; contexto segmental; sociolinguística variacionista; geometria de traços.Abstract: The principal aim in this paper is to compare the segmental context in syllable drop variation (in two cities of São Paulo State countryside, Capivari and Campinas), a study which is part of Leal’s (2012) dissertation. We have decided to show exclusively the results of the segmental context since this is the level in which the process is defined (LEAL, 2006, 2007). The theoretical background used was feature geometry (CLEMENTS; HUME, 1995), and variationist sociolinguistics (cf. LABOV, 1972, 1994, 2001), applied to a 48 interview corpus (24 from each city). The results show that coronal consonants favor the process and nasals disfavore it, in both of the dialects. However, there is great difference with dorsals: it is favored in Capivari and disfavored in Campinas. With regard to vowels, there are differences in the two cities, since [coronal + coronal] and [dorso-labial + coronal] sequences are neutral in Capivari and favored in Campinas. The results also revealed that OCP acts half way in the process, since it woks for consonants identity, but not for vowels. What seems to be relevant is the characteristics of the first syllable – the one that undergoes deletion. Finally, we conclude that syllable drop is different in the cities.Keywords: syllable drop; segmental context; variationist sociolinguistics; feature geometry.
PRODUKSI BIOETANOL SECARA SHF DAN SSF MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride DAN New Aule Instant Dry Yeast PADA MEDIA KULIT UBI KAYU
Authors: Jayus Jay , Suwasono Sony , Wijayanti Ike 
Published: November 2017

Effort to improve the yield of bioetanol production from cassava peels were be carried out by separated hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and New Aule Instant Dry Yeast. The purpose of this research is to measure bioetanol production from cassava peels using three different culture methods i.e SHF1 (A. niger 24 hours +New Aule Instant Dry Yeast); SHF2 (T. viride 24 hours+New Aule Instant Dry Yeast); and SSF (A. niger + T. viride + New Aule Instant Dry Yeast). The research results showed SHF1 (2,58 g/l) produced higher ethanol than that of SHF2 (2,15). The methods of SSF eficiency produced ethanol (2,93 g/l) and faster (18 hours) compared the methods of SHF1 and SHF2 which need 48 hours incubation time to reach maximum level.
Keywords: bioethanol, cassava peels, SHF, SSF, A.niger, T.viride, new aule instant dry yeast
Symmetry Reductions for a Generalized Fifth Order KdV Equation
Authors: Bruzón M.S. , Garrido T.M. , de la Rosa R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this work, Lie symmetry analysis is performed on a generalized fifth-order KdV equation. This equation describes many nonlinear problems with great physical interest in mathematical physics, nonlinear dynamics and plasma physics, among them it is a useful model for the description of wave phenomena in plasma and solid state and internal solitary waves in shallow waters. Group invariant solutions are obtained which allow us to transform the equation into ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, taking into account the conservation laws that the ordinary differential equation admits we reduce the order of the equations. Finally, we obtain some exact solutions.
Pengaruh Video Animasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Materi Menghargai Jasa Pahlawan di Kelas V SDN Sidokumpul Sidoarjo
Authors: Ayuningsih Kartika 
Published: November 2017

Based on the observation that have been done by the research, the learning process in SDN Sidokumpul Sidoarjo is monotonous without using media. Many of students get the score below the minimum criteria of mastery learning (76) in social science. Related to the problem, so the research conduct the study with the purpose to repaired the cognitive learning result in social study by using animation video media. The study use cuantitative experimental design, One-Group Pretest-Posttest. The subject of this study is grade V class C consist of 25 students. Sampling technic that is used is purposive sampling. The data collection use test sheets are pretest and posttest. The result of this study are 56,32 (average of pretest) and 83,92 (average of posttest). Including animation video affect to the cognitive learning result in social science the material menghargai jasa pahlawan in class V SDN Sidokumpul Sidoarjo. Then in the N-gain calculation is obtained result 0,63 that is chased the level of criteria is medium.
Agricultural Research Using Social Media Data
Authors: Zipper Samuel C 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Social media data provide quantitative and qualitative data on agricultural practices.Twitter data accurately captures timing of crop planting across the United States.Maximum positive sentiment in planting tweets aligned with optimal planting period.Opportunities for mapping emerging agricultural issues and targeted intervention.Challenges include data availability and representativeness of social media users.
The use of social media in scientific research is rapidly increasing, typically focusing on discrete events of interest to many people and/or spatially mapping a variable of interest. Relatively little research has been done on the utility of social media for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of day‐to‐day life, and none within the agricultural sciences. Here, I discuss the potential applications and limitations of social media data for agricultural research. As an example, I demonstrate the ability of Twitter to map state‐level corn and soy planting progress in the conterminous United States. Results compare favorably to traditional survey‐based crop progress monitoring, with mean absolute differences of <10% for most state‐crop combinations. I also highlight the additional contextual information available from social media data including factors contributing to replanting decision‐making and the evolution of farmer sentiment through time. Using analogs from other disciplines, I then discuss key opportunities and challenges for agricultural research using social media. Social media is particularly well‐suited for identifying emerging agricultural issues (e.g., weather, crop pests) and guiding extension and outreach directly to affected areas. However, limited data and unknown representativeness of social media users relative to the overall agricultural population are challenges which must be addressed for social media‐based agricultural research in the future.
Applicability of Eddy Covariance to Estimate Methane Emissions from Grazing Cattle
Authors: Coates Trevor W. , Benvenutti Marcelo A. , Flesch Thomas K. , Charmley Ed , McGinn Sean M. , Chen Deli 
Published: November 2017

Grazing systems represent a significant source of enteric methane (CH4), but available techniques for quantifying herd scale emissions are limited. This study explores the capability of an eddy covariance (EC) measurement system for long‐term monitoring of CH4 emissions from grazing cattle. Measurements were made in two pasture settings: in the center of a large grazing paddock, and near a watering point where animals congregated during the day. Cattle positions were monitored through time‐lapse images, and this information was used with a Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model to interpret EC fluxes and derive per‐animal CH4 emission rates. Initial grazing paddock measurements were challenged by the rapid movement of cattle across the measurement footprint, but a feed supplement placed upwind of the measurements helped retain animals within the footprint, allowing emission estimates for 20% of the recorded daytime fluxes. At the water point, >50% of the flux measurement periods included cattle emissions. Overall, cattle emissions for the paddock site were higher (253 g CH4 m−2 adult equivalent [AE]−1 d−1, SD = 75) and more variable than emissions at the water point (158 g CH4 AE−1 d−1, SD = 34). Combining results from both sites gave a CH4 production of 0.43 g kg−1 body weight, which is in range of other reported emissions from grazing animals. With an understanding of animal behavior to allow the most effective use of tower placement, the combination of an EC measurement platform and a Lagrangian stochastic model could have practical applications for long‐term monitoring of fluxes in grazing environments.Core Ideas
Grazing systems contribute significantly to GHG emissions from agriculture.
EC fluxes, images, and a footprint analysis were used to estimate cattle emissions.
Daytime estimates were easier to capture while cattle congregated near a water point.
With some simplifications, EC may be viable option for in situ monitoring of cattle.
Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases
Evidence that the Allelic Segregation of starch branching enzyme 1 (sbe1) is the Source of a High Amylose QTL in Maize
Authors: Gyawali Abiskar , Auger Donald 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT‘GEMS‐0067’ is a maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar that is uniquely high in the proportion of amylose endosperm starch relative to amylopectin. We previously identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for endosperm amylose content on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5S). In that study, both parental lines, GEMS‐0067 and H99ae, were homozygous recessive for amylose extender 1 (ae1), which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5L). The dominant allele encodes starch branching enzyme 2b (SBE2b). Centered within the 5S QTL interval is another starch branching enzyme, starch branching enzyme 1 (sbe1), which also plays a role in the branching of amylopectin. We sought to determine if this QTL is due to allelic segregation of sbe1 or, instead, a closely linked locus. A Mutator‐induced allele of sbe1 (sbe1‐Mu) was employed to address this question. If sbe1‐Mu behaves as a simple recessive allele, it could eliminate the additive nature of the 5S QTL, which would indicate that segregation of the sbe1 alleles present in the original GEMS‐0067 × H99ae hybrid are responsible for the QTL. If not, it would implicate segregation of alleles at a closely linked locus. Pollen possessing sbe1‐Mu was crossed onto a GEMS‐0067 × H99ae hybrid, which separated the high amylose factor from the low amylose factor. A sample of these progeny was grown and self‐pollinated to generate kernels segregating for sbe1‐Mu. Kernels were genotyped for sbe1 alleles and assayed for relative amylose and amylopectin content. Kernels heterozygous or homozygous for the GEMS‐0067 allele of sbe1 had a higher amylose/amylopectin ratio than kernels possessing the H99ae allele. Importantly, sbe1‐Mu behaves as a simple recessive allele regardless of the other sbe1 allele. This implicates allelic variation of sbe1 as being responsible for the high endosperm amylose QTL.
Physiological Bases of Across‐Environment and Environment‐Specific Responses for Grain Yield in Maize Hybrids Obtained from a Full Diallel Mating Design
Authors: Munaro Eugenia M. , de la Vega Abelardo J. , D'Andrea Karina E. , Messina Carlos D. , Otegui Maria E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTGenotype × environment interaction explains a proportion of variation for crop yield performance often higher than the genotypic effect, becoming a major impediment to genetic progress. In this study, a crop model of yield determination in combination with three‐mode principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze genotype × environment × attribute interaction. A full diallel of six maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines was grown in 10 environments in Argentina. The first environment component associated with the common genotype and attribute pattern across environments revealed that the main numerical determinant of plant grain yield (PGY) was kernel weight and not kernel number per plant (KNP). The second environment component established the importance of genotype × year interaction for anthesis‐silking interval (ASI), KNP, and PGY when water deficit prevailed during the critical period of yield determination and revealed a lack of association between ASI and ear growth rate during this period. The three‐mode PCA described the specific patterns of hybrid performance across environments, revealing physiological processes that separate inbred lines that contribute to drought tolerance, but at the expense of limiting PGY under well‐watered conditions. The use of a crop growth model allowed interpretation of the effects of environment conditions on main physiological determinants of grain yield, exposing the effects of water supply/demand ratio as a possible driver of differential performance of inbred lines.
Soil-transmitted helminth eggs assessment in wastewater in an urban area in India
Authors: Grego Sonia , Barani Viswa , Hegarty-Craver Meghan , Raj Antony , Perumal Prasanna , Berg Adrian B. , Archer Colleen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Water quality and sanitation are inextricably linked to prevalence and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections, a public health concern in resource-limited settings. India bears a large burden of disease associated with poor sanitation. Transformative onsite sanitation technologies are being developed that feature elimination of pathogens including helminth eggs in wastewater treatment. We are conducting third-party testing of multiple sanitation technology systems in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) India. To ensure stringent testing of the pathogen removal ability of sanitation technologies, the presence of helminth eggs in wastewater across the town of Coimbatore was assessed. Wastewater samples from existing test sites as well as desludging trucks servicing residential and non-residential septic tanks, were collected. The AmBic methodology (based on washing, sieving, sedimenting and floating) was used for helminth egg isolation. We tested 29 different source samples and found a 52% prevalence of potentially infective helminth eggs. Identification and enumeration of helminth species is reported against the septage source (private residential vs. shared toilet facility) and total solids content. Trichuris egg counts were higher than those of hookworm and Ascaris from desludging trucks, whereas hookworm egg counts were higher in fresh wastewater samples. Surprisingly, no correlation between soil transmitted helminth eggs and total solids was observed.
Separate As(V) from solution by mesoporous Y-Al binary oxide: batch experiments
Authors: Liu Hang , Han Caiyun , Yang Liu , Liu Dekun , Luo Yongming 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Contaminant arsenic(V) has been regarded as one of the top-priority pollutants to remove from water. In this contribution, different mesoporous Y-Al binary oxides were prepared by the wet impregnation method via varying the molar ratio of Y/Al in the range of 0.029 to 0.116. The manufactured materials were employed as adsorbent to separate arsenic(V) from water. The adsorbent was characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, point of zero charge (PZC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Furthermore, the effect of experimental parameters on adsorption performance was evaluated by batch experiments, including the molar ratio of Y/Al, adsorbent dosages and contact time, initial concentration, initial pH and temperature. The results indicated that the adsorbent presented an optimal adsorption performance for As(V) uptake when the molar ratio of Y/Al was 0.058. The obtained experimental data were best fitted by Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 60.93 mg/g at pH 6.6 ± 0.1. Additionally, according to the results of adsorption kinetics, it was pronounced that adsorption process was complied with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption thermodynamic suggested that the adsorption of As(V) is endothermic and spontaneous natural. Moreover, based on the results of FT-IR, PZC and initial pH, it is demonstrated that ion-exchange and electrostatic interaction were the dominating adsorption mechanism.
Determining the Mechanism for Low Sludge Yields in the Cannibal Solids Reduction System
Authors: Van Ginkel Steven W. , Miceli Joseph , Kim Bi‐o , Yang Ziming , Young Michelle , Marcus Andrew , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and solids concentrations in samples from the Interchange Bioreactor (IBR), and return activated sludge (RAS) from Cannibal facilities having low and high sludge yields, were analyzed to understand the mechanisms behind low sludge production. Low sludge yields correlated to more EPS degradation, higher concentrations of iron, and reducing conditions in the IBR. In the low yield facilities, iron was reduced when the RAS passed through the anaerobic and reducing conditions of the IBR, and this led to more EPS solubilization and degradation. This “futile cycle” of EPS production and degradation appears to may have been most responsible for reducing sludge yields.
Green Cross: Application for analyzing School injuries
Authors: Somerkoski Brita 
Published: November 2017

Unintentional injuries are a major cause of untimely deaths among children and adolescents. Violence and injuries in the schools have raised the need to collect the injury data routinely and to find ways to analyze the potential risks of the near-miss cases. The aim of this study is to explore the injury data collection method piloted with the Green Cross software and to describe the characteristics of the school injuries (n=88). The qualitative data consisted of user-interviews and data reports.
As the main result of this study, the Green Cross software provides a decent way to monitor the injuries in the school context in such a way that the accidents, incidents, injuries and near-miss cases become more visible. A novel finding was that many school injuries were unpredictable, connected to human factor issues, persons acting against norms and regulations or using structures or products in a way they are not supposed to be used.
A IDENTIDADE DA COR NOS PROCESSOS DE DESIGN
Authors: Soares Alexsandro Pereira , Barros Davidson Lima 
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo tem como ponto de partida o interesse pelo processo de criação e aplicação da cor no design. Trata-se de uma abordagem que relaciona a escolha da cor como um dos pontos relevantes para que um projeto alcance seus objetivos em função do seu público alvo. A análise foi realizada por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e o propósito deste artigo foi relacionar o estudo de cor e suas relações e estabelecer um a conexão do uso da cor como fator que influencia os consumidores e usuários. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cor. Design. Mensagem visual.