bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Strategy and Eco‐Innovation: A Moderation Model
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Hung , Liao Yi‐Chuan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study develops a moderation model to examine the role of a proactive environmental strategy on eco‐innovation. Drawing upon the perspectives of contingency theory, this study argues that the impacts of sustainability strategy on eco‐innovation depend on market demand, innovation intensity and government subsidy. The sample used to test the hypotheses is obtained from the Community Innovation Survey in Taiwan. A total of 2955 manufacturing firms are included in the final sample. A logit moderating regression is adopted to analyze the models. The results reveal that market demand and government subsidy positively moderate the relationship between environmental strategy and eco‐innovation. Specifically, firms are more likely to adopt a proactive environmental strategy to improve eco‐innovation under high levels of market demand and government subsidy. Furthermore, the results indicate that innovation intensity affects the effect of environmental strategy on eco‐innovation, but the direction of the influence varies with different categories of eco‐innovation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Youth and the sociability of “Vaping”
Authors: Yule Jennifer A. , Tinson Julie S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article examines the contemporary and evolving social ritual of vaping (also known as the use and consumption of e‐cigarettes). This novel research finds a typology of users in a heterogeneous youth market and shows how the introduction of this new practice challenges existing ritual boundaries. Previous research has focused on the de‐marketing of tobacco and smoking cessation. Here, virtuous, dynamic, vulnerable, and invisible vapers are identified with each demonstrating differing levels of emotional engagement and characteristics of vaping behaviors. Utilizing Collins' theory of interaction rituals as a lens, this qualitative study explores the sociability of vaping practices to gain a deeper understanding of the enduring appeal of vaping and the subsequent consequences for youth “smoking” behaviors. While some vapers advocate the health benefits of this relatively new practice, the use of e‐cigarettes is also used as a form of resistance as well as mechanism for misbehavior. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five‐Membered Cyclitol Phosphate Formation by a myo‐Inositol Phosphate Synthase Orthologue in the Biosynthesis of the Carbocyclic Nucleoside Antibiotic Aristeromycin
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Tsunoda Takeshi , Takashima Makoto , Eguchi Tadashi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAristeromycin is a unique carbocyclic nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces citricolor. In order to elucidate its intriguing carbocyclic formation, we used a genome‐mining approach to identify the responsible enzyme. In silico screening with known cyclitol synthases involved in primary metabolism, such as myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase (MIPS) and dehydroqunate synthase (DHQS), identified a unique MIPS orthologue (Ari2) encoded in the genome of S. citricolor. Heterologous expression of the gene cluster containing ari2 with a cosmid vector in Streptomyces albus resulted in the production of aristeromycin, thus indicating that the cloned DNA region (37.5 kb) with 33 open reading frames contains its biosynthetic gene cluster. We verified that Ari2 catalyzes the formation of a novel five‐membered cyclitol phosphate from d‐fructose 6‐phosphate (F6P) with NAD+ as a cofactor. This provides insight into cyclitol phosphate synthase as a member of the MIPS family of enzymes. A biosynthetic pathway to aristeromycin is proposed based on bioinformatics analysis of the gene cluster.
A Fed‐Batch Synthetic Strategy for a Three‐Step Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone
Authors: Scherkus Christian , Schmidt Sandy , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Gröger Harald , Kara Selin , Liese Andreas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA three‐step enzymatic reaction sequence for the synthesis of poly‐ϵ‐caprolactone (PCL) was designed running in a fed‐batch operation. The first part of the cascade consisted of two oxidation steps starting with alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation from cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and further oxidation to ϵ‐caprolactone (ECL) by means of a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase. As a third step, lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the lactone to 6‐hydroxyhexanoic acid (6‐HHA) was designed. With this biocatalytic multistep process reported herein, severe substrate surplus and product inhibition could be circumvented by the fed‐batch operation by adding the cyclohexanol substrate and by in situ product removal of ECL by hydrolysis, respectively. Up to 283 mm product concentration of 6‐HHA was reached in the fed‐batch operated process without loss in productivity within 20 h. After extraction and subsequent polymerization catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B, analysis of the unfractionated polymer revealed a bimodal distribution of the polymer population, which reached a mass average molar mass (Mw) value of approximately 63 000 g mol−1 and a dispersity (Mw/Mn) of 1.1 for the higher molecular weight population, which thus revealed an alternative route to the conventional synthesis of PCL.
Multidrug‐Containing, Salt‐Based, Injectable Supramolecular Gels for Self‐Delivery, Cell Imaging and Other Materials Applications
Authors: Roy Rajdip , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth molecular and crystal‐engineering approaches were exploited to synthesize a new class of multidrug‐containing supramolecular gelators. A well‐known nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, namely, indomethacin, was conjugated with six different l‐amino acids to generate the corresponding peptides having free carboxylic acid functionality, which reacted further with an antiviral drug, namely, amantadine, a primary amine, in 1:1 ratio to yield six primary ammonium monocarboxylate salts. Half of the synthesized salts showed gelation ability that included hydrogelation, organogelation and ambidextrous gelation. The gels were characterized by table‐top and dynamic rheology and different microscopic techniques. Further insights into the gelation mechanism were obtained by temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, photoluminescence and dynamic light scattering. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on two gelator salts revealed the presence of 2D hydrogen‐bonded networks. One such ambidextrous gelator (capable of gelling both pure water and methyl salicylate, which are important solvents for biological applications) was promising in both mechanical (rheoreversible and injectable) and biological (self‐delivery) applications for future multidrug‐containing injectable delivery vehicles.
Full Solution‐Processed Synthesis and Mechanisms of a Recyclable and Bifunctional Au/ZnO Plasmonic Platform for Enhanced UV/Vis Photocatalysis and Optical Properties
Authors: Hang Da‐Ren , Islam Sk Emdadul , Chen Chun‐Hu , Sharma Krishna Hari 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of noble metal/semiconductor hybrid nanostructures for enhanced catalytic or superior optical properties has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this study, a facile and all‐solution‐processed synthetic route was employed to demonstrate an Au/ZnO platform with plasmonic‐enhanced UV/Vis catalytic properties while retaining strengthened luminescent properties. The visible‐light response of photocatalysis is supported by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitations while the enhanced performance under UV is aided by charge separation and strong absorption. The enhancement in optical properties is mainly due to local field enhancement effect and coupling between exciton and LSPR. Luminescent characteristics are investigated and discussed in detail. Recyclability tests showed that the Au/ZnO substrate is reusable by cleaning and has a long shelf life. Our result suggests that plasmonic enhancement of photocatalytic performance is not necessarily a trade‐off for enhanced near‐band‐edge emission in Au/ZnO. This approach may give rise to a new class of versatile platforms for use in novel multifunctional and integrated devices.
Catalytic Michael/Ring‐Closure Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Pyrazoleamides with Amidomalonates: Asymmetric Synthesis of (−)‐Paroxetine
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liao Yuting , Liu Xiaohua , Yao Qian , Zhou Yuhang , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective tandem Michael/ring‐closure reaction of α,β‐unsaturated pyrazoleamides and amidomalonates has been accomplished in the presence of a chiral N,N′‐dioxide–Yb(OTf)3 complex (Tf: trifluoromethanesulfonyl) to give various substituted chiral glutarimides with high yields and diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Moreover, this methodology could be used for gram‐scale manipulation and was successfully applied to the synthesis of (−)‐paroxetine. Further nonlinear and HRMS studies revealed that the real catalytically active species was a monomeric L‐PMe2–Yb3+ complex. A plausible transition state was proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction.
Experimentelle Parameterstudie zur Trockenzerkleinerung in Planetenkugelmühlen
Authors: Titscher Larissa , Breitung‐Faes Sandra , Kwade Arno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPlanetenkugelmühlen sind aufgrund ihrer einfachen Handhabung und ihrer Eigenschaften, wie z. B. hohe Energiedichten, niedrige Anschaffungskosten und gute Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse, typische Mühlen für den Laborbetrieb. Obwohl Planetenkugelmühlen bereits seit vielen Jahren eingesetzt werden, sind die Parametereinflüsse auf die Zerkleinerung noch nicht ausreichend verstanden. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss verschiedener Prozessparameter auf die Trockenzerkleinerung in Planetenkugelmühlen anhand der Zerkleinerung von Aluminiumoxid aufgezeigt. Eine empirische Parameterstudie zur Wahl günstiger Betriebsparameter wird präsentiert, mit deren Hilfe ein Prozessmodell entwickelt werden soll.
Bacterial Cell Growth Inhibitors Targeting Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase and Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Phosphatase
Authors: Wang Yang , Desai Janish , Zhang Yonghui , Malwal Satish R. , Shin Christopher J. , Feng Xinxin , Sun Hong , Liu Guizhi , Guo Rey‐Ting , Oldfield Eric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe synthesized a series of benzoic acids and phenylphosphonic acids and investigated their effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. One of the most active compounds, 5‐fluoro‐2‐(3‐(octyloxy)benzamido)benzoic acid (7, ED50∼0.15 μg mL−1) acted synergistically with seven antibiotics known to target bacterial cell‐wall biosynthesis (a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ∼0.35, on average) but had indifferent effects in combinations with six non‐cell‐wall biosynthesis inhibitors (average FICI∼1.45). The most active compounds were found to inhibit two enzymes involved in isoprenoid/bacterial cell‐wall biosynthesis: undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) and undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase (UPPP), but not farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and there were good correlations between bacterial cell growth inhibition, UPPS inhibition, and UPPP inhibition.
Fine Tuning the Composition and Nanostructure of Fe‐Based Core–Shell Nanocatalyst for Efficient CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Gupta Sharad , Jain Vivek K. , Jagadeesan Dinesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons is one of the crucial technologies to address the energy deficit and increasing environmental pollution. In this work, we have synthesized and systematically studied the influence of composition and nanostructure of a Fe‐based, carbon‐coated core–shell nanocatalyst. The synthesis method offered good control over the thickness of the carbon coating in the core–shell catalyst, which in turn controlled the chemical composition of the core. The results emphasized an optimal amount of Fe3O4, Fe5C2 in the core and partially graphitized carbon in the shell for a high catalytic activity in the conversion of CO2 at atmospheric pressure with higher selectivity to C2‐C4 olefins.
Eutrophication strengthens the response of zooplankton to temperature changes in a high‐altitude lake
Authors: Li Yun , Xie Ping , Zhao Dandan , Zhu Tianshun , Guo Longgen , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo assess whether and how zooplankton communities respond to variations in temperature and how these assemblages change with eutrophication, we performed a large‐scale, monthly survey from August 2011 to July 2012 to determine the seasonal and spatial variations in these communities in a high‐altitude lake. A detrended correspondence analysis and a path analysis demonstrated that temperature and chlorophyll a were important factors influencing zooplankton. The path diagram showed that Daphnia was negatively affected directly by chlorophyll a and indirectly by temperature, whereas Bosmina was directly and positively affected by temperature. Daphnia spp. decreased in both absolute and relative biomass during warm seasons, whereas Bosmina spp. showed the opposite trend. Moreover, the lowest Daphnia spp. biomass was observed in the southern region, which was the most eutrophic. Our results indicate that increasing temperatures will continue to shift the dominant genus from Daphnia to Bosmina, and this change will be exacerbated by eutrophication. In addition, the zooplankton of Lake Erhai have shifted to smaller species over time as temperature and eutrophication have increased, which implies that zooplankton succession to small cladocerans may be markedly accelerated under further climate change and the increased eutrophication that has been observed in recent decades.
Ghrelin and hormonal markers under exercise training in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the Ex‐DHF pilot study
Authors: Trippel Tobias Daniel , Holzendorf Volker , Halle Martin , Gelbrich Götz , Nolte Kathleen , Duvinage Andre , Schwarz Silja , Rutscher Tinka , Wiora Julian , Wachter Rolf , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Duengen Hans‐Dirk , Hasenfuß Gerd , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundOver 50% of patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) experience HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Exercise training (ET) is effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and dimensions of quality of life in patients with HFpEF. A systemic pro‐inflammatory state induced by comorbidities as the cause of myocardial structural and functional alterations has been proposed in HFpEF. ET modifies myocardial structure and has been related to inflammatory state. We investigated Ghrelin, related adipokines, markers of inflammation, and neuro‐hormonal activation in patients undergoing a structured ET vs. usual care are with HFpEF.Methods and resultsEx‐DHF‐P was a prospective, controlled, randomized multi‐centre trial on structured and supervised ET in patients with HFpEF. We performed a post hoc analysis in 62 patients from Ex‐DHF‐P. Ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, IL‐1ß, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, MR‐proANP, MR‐proADM, CT‐proET1, and CT‐proAVP were assessed to seize the impact of ET on these markers in patients with HFpEF. Thirty‐six (58%) patients were female, mean age was 64 years, and median ghrelin was 928 pg/mL (interquartile range 755–1156). When stratified for high versus low ghrelin, groups significantly differed at baseline in presence obesity, waist circumference, and adiponectin levels (P < 0.05, respectively). Overall, ghrelin levels rose significantly to 1013 pg/mL (interquartile range 813–1182) (P < 0.001). Analysis of covariance modelling for change in ghrelin identified ET (P = 0.013) and higher baseline adiponectin levels (P = 0.035) as influencing factors.ConclusionsExercise training tended to increase ghrelin levels in Ex‐DHF‐P. This increase was especially pronounced in patients with higher baseline adiponectin levels. Future trials are needed to investigate the effect of ET on endogenous ghrelin levels in regard to interactions with cardiac structure and clinically meaningful surrogate parameters.
Comparison of Different Synthesis Methods for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4—Influence on Battery Cycling Performance, Degradation, and Aging
Authors: Börner Markus , Niehoff Philip , Vortmann Britta , Nowak Sascha , Winter Martin , Schappacher Falko M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe high‐voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is one of the most promising candidates for use in high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. To investigate the influence of the synthesis method and the resulting particle morphology on the electrochemical performance, performance degradation, and aging, different synthesis routes for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 were evaluated in this study. Inhomogeneous transition metal cation intermixing and exposure to high temperatures during synthesis led to the formation of a small amount of impurities, which had a severe impact on the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the particle morphology influences the electrolyte decomposition and the formation of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the surface of particles. Moreover, transition metal dissolution was investigated by analyzing the Ni and Mn content in the electrolyte after constant current charge–discharge cycling. The results suggest that an unstable delithiated structure at high potentials leads to the dissolution of Mn and Ni into the electrolyte, whereas the particle morphology had only a minor influence on the extent of transition metal dissolution.
Mouse brain concentrations of α‐pinene, limonene, linalool, and 1,8‐cineole following inhalation
Authors: Satou Tadaaki , Hayakawa Mako , Kasuya Hikaru , Masuo Yoshinori , Koike Kazuo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe main volatile components of essential oils are monoterpenes. It is known that olfactory receptors recognize monoterpenes as a fragrance, and that they can affect emotions. On the other hand, the components of essential oils may act directly on the central nervous system as well as the olfactory nerve. However, the transport of monoterpenes to the brain following inhalation, which is the main method of administration in aromatherapy, is unclear. In this study, we investigated major monoterpenes of essential oils, such as (+)‐α‐pinene, (+)‐limonene, (‐)‐linalool, and 1,8‐cineole. After the inhalation of each compound, the mice brains were dissected, and brain extracts prepared with n‐hexane. The extracts were then subjected to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed that α‐pinene was transported to the brain maximally with 30 min inhalation, which may be due to its high volatility. Limonene and linalool showed maximal transport to the brain with 90 min inhalation. Brain concentrations of 1,8‐cineole showed minimal level after 30 min inhalation. Moreover, 1,8‐cineole was easily transported to the brain following intraperitoneal administration. These results could be applied as one of the indices for the effective use of essential oils in aromatherapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A density functional theory mechanistic study of thermal decomposition reactions of nitroethyl carboxylates: undermine of “pericyclic” insight
Authors: Kącka Agnieszka B. , Jasiński Radomir A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuantum chemical study of thermal decomposition reactions of model nitroethyl carboxylates were studied using various density functional theory levels. It was found that conversion esters into nitroalkenes demean according to one‐step mechanism. However, it is not an expected “pericyclic” mechanism but a “one‐step two‐stage” process. Subsequently, nitrous acid extrusion was also analyzed.
Perils of Polymorphism: Size Matters
Authors: Ward Michael D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the discovery of polymorphism in 1832, the ability of molecular crystals to adopt different crystal forms has intrigued and frustrated the scientific community. Control of this property has been limited by poor understanding of nucleation pathways and the absence of methods that can intercept crystallization at its earliest stages. Nonetheless, polymorphism, a favorite subject of Jack Dunitz, who is honored in this special issue, has opened a window into the forces that govern molecular organization in the solid state, while enabling discovery of new crystal forms with improved properties. This review illustrates the growth of crystals in nanoscale reactors with sizes comparable with those for nucleation, where thermodynamics and kinetics intersect, changing polymorph stabilities, providing insights into nucleation, enabling discovery of new polymorphs, and even suggesting a route to disappearing polymorphs, brought to our attention by Dunitz and Bernstein twenty years ago.
EXAMINING PARENTS’ ROMANTIC ATTACHMENT STYLES AND DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS AS PREDICTORS OF CAREGIVING EXPERIENCES
Authors: River Laura M. , Borelli Jessica L. , Nelson‐Coffey S. Katherine 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTEvidence has suggested that parental romantic attachment style and depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to experiences of caregiving (Creswell, Apetroaia, Murray, & Cooper, 2013; Jones, Cassidy, & Shaver, 2014; Lovejoy, Graczyk, O'Hare, & Neuman, 2000), but more research is necessary to clarify the nature of these relations, particularly in the context of attachment‐salient events such as reunions. In a cross‐sectional study of 150 parents of children ages 1 to 3 years, we assessed participants’ attachment styles (self‐reported anxiety and avoidance) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Participants generated a narrative describing their most recent reunion with their child, which we coded for caregiving outcomes of negative emotion and secure base script content. Attachment style and depressive and anxiety symptoms separately predicted each caregiving outcome. Depressive and anxiety symptoms mediated the associations between attachment style and caregiving outcomes. These results suggest that parental attachment insecurity and depressive and anxiety symptoms contribute to negative emotion and reduced secure base script content. Further, depressive and anxiety symptomatology partially accounts for the relation between attachment insecurity and caregiving outcomes, suggesting that parental mental health is a critical point for intervention.