bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Optimal Synthesis of Atomically Thin MoS2: A Constrained Bayesian Optimization Guided Brachistochrone Approach
Authors: Wang Yujia , Li Guoyan , Natarajan Anand Hari , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Jin Xiaoning , Kar Swastik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA machine learning (ML) guided approach is presented for the accelerated optimization of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of 2D materials toward the highest quality, starting from low‐quality or unsuccessful synthesis conditions. Using 26 sets of these synthesis conditions as the initial training dataset, our method systematically guides experimental synthesis towards optoelectronic‐grade monolayer MoS2 flakes. A‐exciton linewidth (σA) as narrow as 38 meV could be achieved in 2D MoS2 flakes after only an additional 35 trials (reflecting 15% of the full factorial design dataset for training purposes). In practical terms, this reflects a decrease of the possible experimental time to optimize the parameters from up to one year to about two months. This remarkable efficiency was achieved by formulating a constrained sequencing optimization problem solved via a combination of constraint learning and Bayesian Optimization with the narrowness of σA as the single target metric. By employing graph‐based semi‐supervised learning with data acquired through a multi‐criteria sampling method, the constraint model effectively delineates and refines the feasible design space for monolayer flake production. Additionally, the Gaussian Process regression effectively captures the relationships between synthesis parameters and outcomes, offering high predictive capability along with a measure of prediction uncertainty. This method is scalable to a higher number of synthesis parameters and target metrics and is transferrable to other materials and types of reactors. This study envisions that this method will be fundamental for CVD and similar techniques in the future.
Nanometric Ge Films for Ultrafast Modulation of THz Waves with Flexible Metasurface
Authors: Wang Kemeng , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Tan Thomas CaiWei , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath , Gu Jianqiang , Singh Ranjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHarnessing confined light on a subwavelength scale within Fano metasurfaces enhances light‐matter interaction on a flexible, low‐loss substrate. This approach enables the integration of ultra‐thin semiconducting films for designing low‐power, ultrafast switchable terahertz, and optical meta devices. Here, an ultra‐thin, ∼λ/6000 germanium overlayers of 25nm or 50nm is thermally evaporated onto a flexible Fano metallic metasurface to achieve ultrafast optical modulation of terahertz radiation. A remarkable 85% modulation depth with an ultrafast speed of 400 GHz is obtained in the resonant transmission. These ultrathin, flexible, and ultrafast functional metasurfaces pave the way for developing flexible terahertz active meta devices based on nanometric scale germanium films, offering the additional advantage of compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology in microelectronics.
m6Am Methyltransferase PCIF1 Promotes LPP3 Mediated Phosphatidic Acid Metabolism and Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Xu Zhehao , Li Fan , Ding Lifeng , Wang Ruyue , Lin Yudong , Mao Xudong , Chen Xianjiong , Li Yang , Lu Zeyi , Xie Haiyun , Wang Huan , Zhu Ziwei , Lu Yi , Guo Luying , Yu Xiaojing , Xia Liqun , He Housheng Hansen , Li Gonghui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractN6‐methyl‐2′‐O‐methyladenosine (m6Am), occurring adjacent to the 7‐methylguanosine (m7G) cap structure and catalyzed by the newly identified writer PCIF1 (phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, its involvement in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unexplored. Here, significant upregulation of PCIF1 and m6Am levels in RCC tissues are identified, unveiling their oncogenic roles both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, employing m6Am‐Exo‐Seq, LPP3 (phospholipid phosphatase 3) mRNA is identified as a key downstream target whose translation is enhanced by m6Am modification. Furthermore, LPP3 is revealed as a key regulator of phosphatidic acid metabolism, critical for preventing its accumulation in mitochondria and facilitating mitochondrial fission. Consequently, Inhibition of the PCIF1/LPP3 axis significantly altered mitochondrial morphology and reduced RCC tumor progression. In addition, depletion of PCIF1 sensitizes RCC to sunitinib treatment. This study highlights the intricate interplay between m6Am modification, phosphatidic acid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for RCC.
Enhancing the sustainability of cowpea production through the integrated use of fish effluents and animal manure
Authors: Diatta Andre A. , Bassène César , Manga Anicet G. B. , Senghor Yolande , Sambou Mariama , Mbow Cheikh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration of aquaculture and agriculture in arid and semi‐arid environments is crucial for maximizing water and land productivity, especially considering the increasing global water scarcity and the simultaneous use of water for crop and fish production. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of fish effluent on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The experiment involved 13 fertilization treatments, including three types of irrigation water (river water—control, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African sharp‐toothed catfish (Clarias gariepinus), four fertilizers (poultry, cattle, and sheep manures at 10 t ha−1), recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (150 kg ha−1 of NPK 6‐20‐10), and six mixed treatments with fish effluent and 50% of the applied rate of manure alone (5 t ha−1). The combined use of C. gariepinus effluent + 50% poultry manure significantly increased stem diameter, nodules per plant, pods per plant, and seed yield compared to NPK treatments. The shortest days to reach 50% flowering were obtained with the effluent of O. niloticus + 50% sheep manure, C. gariepinus/O. niloticus + 50% poultry manure, and 10 t ha−1 poultry manure. However, fertilization treatments did not significantly influence the number of branches, pod and root length, number of pods per plant, 100‐seed weight, and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. This study suggests that fish effluents, when combined with manure, can improve plant growth and seed yield, providing a cost‐effective alternative to inorganic fertilizers for smallholder farmers.
Application of reactive fatty alcohol ether sulfosuccinate emulsifier in surface sizing
Authors: Tang Mengwei , Ji Yongxin , Xu Haijun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel reactive fatty alcohol ether sulfosuccinate emulsifier (RAEOSS10‐9) was polymerized into macromolecular emulsifier RAFT‐PRS through reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and then RAFT‐PRS was co‐polymerized with monomers to form anionic surface sizing agent. The structures of RAEOSS10‐9 and RAFT‐PRS were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectra, and the RAFT polymerization activity of RAFT‐PRS was verified by gel permeation chromatography. The effects of RAFT reagent and RAEOSS10‐9 content on the properties of sizing emulsion and sizing paper were investigated. The morphology of latex particles and sizing paper surface were observed by use of scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The water resistance, bursting resistance and folding resistance of sizing paper were studied. The optimal formulation of sizing emulsion was built according to the above results. Besides, the investigation of the mechanical properties suggests that proper amount of reactive emulsifier is beneficial for enhancing the stability of emulsion and the performance of paper. The RAEOSS10‐9 displays better emulsifying properties than imported emulsifier SR‐10, and the emulsion produced by RAEOSS10‐9 display more excellent application properties.
Q‐learning‐based H∞ control for LPV systems
Authors: Wang Hongye , Wen Jiwei , Wan Haiying , Xue Huiwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a model‐free H∞ control method is developed for discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems by leveraging Q‐learning, which employs the data encompassing system states, control inputs, exogenous disturbance, and time‐varying convex hull rather than the dynamical model known a priori. A policy iteration algorithm presented via linear matrix inequality formed by such collected data is developed with convergence guarantee. Our analysis demonstrates that, in the presence of sufficiently rich disturbances, the attenuation level converges to a lower value than the traditional H∞ control solution derived from an exact LPV model. A numerical example is demonstrated to verify the stabilization, disturbance attenuation, adaptivity, and convergence of the H∞ attenuation level. Moreover, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) approximated by a discrete‐time LPV system is employed to show the practical potential of the developed model‐free approach.
Plant‐Based Biosynthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: An Update on Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Tanwar Shruti Nandkishor , Parauha Yatish R. , There Yogesh , Swart Hendrik C. , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanotechnology has changed and developed all the sectors and working fields. Nanoparticles are one of the important evolutionary materials that have application in almost all the working areas such as catalysis, bioengineering, photoelectricity, antibacterial, anticancer, and medical imaging due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Traditionally used chemical and physical method of synthesis of nanoparticles have several disadvantages like using different chemicals, high cost, and most importantly they are hazardous to the environment. Counter to these disadvantages, a more eco‐friendly, easy, and cost‐effective green synthesis method is widely employed nowadays. Various parts of a plant are used as a fuel for reducing the metal ion salt. Plant extracts act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. Besides these advantages, photosynthesized nanoparticles are nontoxic, more stable, and more uniform in size than their counterparts prepared by the traditional method. In this present review, the synthesis of various plant extract‐mediated metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is discussed along with their different applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key findings in green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and attempts to determine their possible synthesis mechanism. This article also focuses on factors affecting their synthesis, characterization, potential applications, and prospects.
Photocatalytic Seawater Splitting by Earth‐Abundant Catalysts: Metal‐Semiconductor Metamaterials Made of Plasmonic Magnesium Diboride and Transitional Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhou Hongkai , Grigorenko Alexander N. , Kravets Vasyl G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal‐semiconductor metamaterials hold great promise for photocatalytic water splitting due to their excellent light harvesting in a broad spectral range as well as efficient charge carrier generation and transfer. In the majority of such metamaterials, semiconductors are used to initiate the water splitting reaction, while their metal counterparts are employed to improve light harvesting through plasmonic effects. Here, we describe for the first time an exceptional reversed case of metal‐semiconductor photocatalysts in which metals are used to initiate the water splitting reaction and semiconductors are employed to improve light harvesting through the blackbody effect and serve as co‐catalysts. The studied photoanodes are made of non‐noble plasmonic MgB2 combined with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The plasmonic resonances of the MgB2 component contribute to field confinement, plasmon–exciton coupling, and hot‐electron transfer providing an enhancement of photoactivity in the entire solar spectrum capable of water splitting. The TMDC component provides impedance matching and enhances light absorption by the metal catalyst. We demonstrate seawater splitting with MgB2‐TMDCs photoanodes attaining current densities of ~3 mA cm−2 at solar radiation. The overall efficiency of hydrogen production in seawater splitting by sunlight with the help of the studied photoanodes is 3 % at a bias voltage of Vbias=0.3 V.
Penijanacoranes A—F, Acorane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from a Deep Sea‐Derived Fungus Penicillium janthinellumSH0301
Authors: Yang Lu‐Jia , Lv Ling , Han Zhuang , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Li Xin , Shao Chang‐Lun , Liu Zhi‐Qing , Wang Chang‐Yun 
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive SummarySix new acorane‐type sesquiterpenes, named penijanacoranes A—F (1—6), as well as one known eudesmane sesquiterpenoid 1α,6β,11‐eudesm‐triol (7) have been isolated from a deep‐sea‐derived fungus Penicillium janthinellum SH0301. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, TDDFT‐ECD calculations, and X‐ray diffraction. Penijanacorane A (1) was identified as a rare acorane‐type sesquiterpene lactone featuring a novel 6/5/6 tricyclic system, while penijanacoranes E and F (5 and 6) represented undescribed examples of nor‐acorane sesquiterpenes at C‐1. Penijanacorane C (3) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against LPS‐induced NO production in Raw264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 6.23 μM, which was more potent than that of positive control dexamethasone (IC50 = 11.49 μM). This study expanded the chemical diversity of acorane‐type sesquiterpenoids and revealed that compound 3 was a potential molecule for anti‐inflammatory agents.
Do Attachment, Educator Characteristics and Youth–Educator Relationship Matter in 6‐Month Changes of Institutionalized Adolescents?
Authors: Muzi S. , Rogier G. , Bizzi F. , Pace C. S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis longitudinal study involved youths in residential care due to previous adverse experiences and their educators, aiming to investigate the role of youths and educators' attachment, educators' psychopathology, and the quality of youth–educator relationship on change scores of youths' symptoms and youth–educator relationship security over 6 months.MethodParticipants were 36 institutionalized youths (Mage = 16.50 ± 2.13) and their 25 main educators (Mage = 38.48 ± 5.75), assessed at baseline (T1) and 6 months later (T2). Youths were assessed in total, internalizing and externalizing problems via a multi‐informant approach, and educators in psychopathology levels. Attachment representations of youths and educators were assessed through validated attachment interviews (Friends and Family Interview and Adult Attachment Interview), and both separately rated the youth–educator relationship.Results(1) Most cases remain stable over 6 months. (2) Educator narrative coherence and the quality of youth–educator relationship at baseline were correlated but not predictive of change in youths' symptoms. (3) Youths' higher attachment disorganization at baseline was the unique predictor of 14% variance of positive change in the youth–educator relationship security perceived by the youth. (4) Youth attachment avoidance uniquely predicted 37% of positive change variance in the youth–educator relationship security perceived by educators.ConclusionIn conclusion, attachment‐based assessment of youths and educators can inform intervention to foster youth improvement.
The Reciprocal Relationship Between Social Support in Bereavement and Posttraumatic Growth—A Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Analysis
Authors: Gai Yihan , Li Jie , Long Mengyuan , Li Mei , Shi Kan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSocial support can promote posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the general trauma population. However, evidence on the reciprocal predictive relationship between social support and PTG is lacking, particularly among the bereaved. In this longitudinal study, we surveyed 181 adults who had lost first‐degree relatives within 1 year at three intervals, each 6 months apart. The study utilized The Scale of Social Support in Bereavement (SSB), which distinguishes four domains of social support for the bereaved: living support, economic support, grief processing and emotion restoration. Additionally, The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to measure PTG. Random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model analyses revealed that social support and PTG were positively correlated at each time point at the within‐person level. Moreover, at the within‐person level, the total social support, as well as social support in the restoration‐oriented domains at Time 2, positively predicted PTG at Time 3, but this relationship was not observed for grief processing support. Additionally, PTG at Time 1 positively predicted the receipt of emotion restoration support at Time 2 at the within‐person level. The mutual influence between PTG and social support, as well as the differential relationship between types of support and PTG, enriches our understanding of ways to promote positive changes among the bereaved. The findings underscore the importance of restoration‐oriented social support for bereaved individuals in facilitating PTG.
Analysis and Design of Total Harmonic Distortion Performance in Grid‐Tied Single‐Phase Voltage Source Inverters Through Closed‐Loop Modeling
Authors: Gruner Victor F. , Gonçalves Christopher F. , Schmitz Lenon , Martins Denizar C. , Smedley Keyue M. , Coelho Roberto F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a methodology to estimate, in the design stage, the total harmonic distortion of the current injected into the power grid by two‐stage voltage source inverters (VSI). As such inverters operate in a closed loop, the quality of the grid current is highly dependent on the dynamics of the control loops. Thus, it is necessary to focus on an approach to model the behavior of the grid current considering the closed‐loop disturbances. The proposed approach allows deriving an equation to predict the behavior of the current injected into the grid and estimate its harmonic distortion, becoming an important tool for optimal design of grid‐connected inverters. To validate the accuracy of the developed methodology, experimental results are presented in different operating scenarios.
Main Group Metal Complexes of Si, Ge and Al with an Unsymmetrical N,N’‐Substituted Diamide Ligand
Authors: Pracht Martin , Roschke Felix , Rüffer Tobias , Korb Marcus , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Auer Alexander A. , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnsymmetrically N,N’‐substituted metal amides of silicon, germanium and aluminium were synthesized starting from N‐ethyl‐2‐(n‐propylaminomethyl)phenylamine (1, Et,nPr‐ampaH2). Reaction of the dilithium compound of 1 with SiCl4 gave spirocyclic Si(Et,nPr‐ampa)2 (2) and Cl2Si(Et,nPr‐ampa) (3). Reduction of 3 with potassium resulted in the formation of the corresponding cyclotetrasilane [Si(Et,nPr‐ampa)]4 (4), whereas the reaction of 3 with lithium triethylborohydride gave the dihydro silane H2Si(Et,nPr‐ampa) (5). The corresponding germanium(IV) compounds Ge(Et,nPr‐ampa)2 (6) and Cl2Ge(Et,nPr‐ampa) (7) were synthesized starting from GeCl4, amine 1 and NEt3 using appropriate stoichiometric ratios. Reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with amine 1 provided the germylene [Ge(Et,nPr‐ampa)]2 (8). The aluminium dichloro compound Cl2Al(Et,nPr‐ampaH) (9) was obtained either by reaction of the dichlorogermine 7 with lithium aluminium hydride or by reaction of the dilithium salt of 1 with AlCl3. Reaction of trimethylaluminium with amine 1 provided the amido‐amine (CH3)2Al(Et,nPr‐ampaH) (10) which was converted into the diamide CH3Al(Et,nPr‐ampa) (11) by methane elimination.
The Impact of Holistic Justice on the Long‐Term Experiences and Wellbeing of Mass Human Rights Violation Survivors: Ethnographic and Interview Evidence From Kosova, Northern Ireland and Albania
Authors: Kёllezi Blerina , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Bowe Mhairi , Guxholli Aurora , Livingstone Andrew , Jetten Jolanda , Reicher Stephen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTResearch highlights the long‐term collective effects of mass human rights violations (MHRVs) on survivors’ wellbeing. This multi‐method, multi‐context paper combines the social identity approach (SIA), transitional and social justice theories and human rights‐conceptualised wellbeing to propose a human rights understanding of trauma responses and experiences in the context of MHRVs. In Study 1, ethnographic research in four locations in Kosova, 5 years post war indicates that lack of perceived conflict‐related and social justice is experienced as a key contributor to survivors’ individual and collective wellbeing. In Study 2, 61 semi‐structured interviews with MHRVs survivors from post‐war Kosova, post‐conflict Northern Ireland and post‐dictatorship Albania two to three decades post conflict also show that such justice experiences inform wellbeing. These studies illustrate the importance of expanding the SIA to health and trauma theories by taking account of a human rights‐conceptualised wellbeing as well as adopting a holistic analysis of justice perception.
Revealing the Potential of Star Anise Essential Oil: Comparative Analysis and Optimization of Innovative Extraction Methods for Enhanced Yield, Aroma Characteristics, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
Authors: Zhang Guangjie , Ma Zheng , Piao Yan , Li Ning , Bian Canfeng , Ren Chenxi , Gao Mingyuan , Yue Weiming , Guan Tianzhu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStar anise has been used for a long time in improving human health and curing diseases, owing to its unlimited components with complex chemical structures and a wide range of bioactivities. This study is aimed to investigate the influence of extraction methods (steam distillation, ethanol Soxhlet extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, subcritical n‐butane extraction) on the yield, aroma properties, chemical composition, and bioactivity of star anise essential oils. Electronic nose detection revealed the essential oils from subcritical extraction exhibited the most intense aroma, while the essential oils from ethanol Soxhlet extraction had a more complex aroma profile. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis showed the presence of benzene rings, carbonyl groups, C=C, and aromatic ether bonds in the essential oils extracted through different methods. The major components were heterocyclic olefins, heterocyclic oxygenates, and aromatic oxygenates, as well as certain amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols. Correlation analysis revealed the relative contents of volatile trans‐anethole, wormwood, d‐limonene, cineole, and trans‐α‐citronelene were strongly associated with the antibacterial activity of the essential oils. Similarly, the contents of volatile components (d‐limonene, cineole) and non‐volatile components (total flavonoids and total polyphenols) were strongly correlated with the DPPH scavenging activity of the essential oils. These results confirm the effectiveness of the ethanol Soxhlet extraction method in retaining the bioactivity of the essential oils. Finally, with a Box–Behnken central composite design of response surface and single‐factor experiments, the optimal extraction conditions for the ethanol Soxhlet method were determined: ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz, crushing particle size of 60 meshes, liquid–material ratio of 8:1 (mL:g), and ultrasonic time of 35 min. Under these conditions, the essential oil yield was 25.51% ± 0.21%. Overall, these findings highlight the significance of extraction methods in obtaining high‐quality star anise essential oils with desirable aroma properties and potent bioactivities.