bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation de la traduction française de la SURPS pour une population d'adolescents québécois
Authors: Castonguay-Jolin Laura , Perrier-Ménard Eveline , Castellanos-Ryan Natalie , Parent Sophie , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E , Garel Patricia , Séguin Jean R , Conrod Patricia J 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: La Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) est un instrument de dépistage des caractéristiques de personnalité qui représentent un risque pour le développement d'une consommation problématique de substances. La SURPS comporte 23 items évaluant 4 dimensions et permet aux intervenants en santé mentale de mieux cibler la prévention. La SURPS a été validée au Canada anglais, au Royaume-Uni, en Chine et au Sri Lanka; l'objectif de cette étude est de valider une traduction française de la SURPS pour des adolescents francophones québécois, en plus d'en tester la sensibilité dans une population clinique. Méthode: Deux cent deux jeunes de 15 ans d'un échantillon communautaire ont répondu à la SURPS et à des mesures de la personnalité et de l'utilisation de substances. La cohérence interne, la solution factorielle et la validité concomitante de l'échelle ont été évaluées. Quarante adolescents (âge moyen de 15,7 ans) présentant un diagnostic psychiatrique ont également répondu à la SURPS et les scores ont été comparés aux normes de l'échantillon communautaire. Résultats: La traduction française de la SURPS démontre une bonne cohérence interne ainsi qu'une solution factorielle à 4 facteurs semblable à la version originale. Ses 4 sous-échelles ont une bonne validité concomitante. De plus, 3 de ses sous-échelles sont corrélées avec des mesures relatives à la consommation de substances psychoactives. Finalement, 95 % des participants de l'échantillon clinique ont été identifiés à risque selon les scores limites de la SURPS. Conclusion: La version française de la SURPS paraît être une mesure valide et sensible pouvant être utilisée auprès d'une population adolescente, québécoise et francophone.
Why are Patients Discharged by Review Boards?
Authors: O'Reilly Richard L , Komer William , Dunbar Sandra 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To identify why Review Boards revoked certificates for involuntary hospitalization. Method: The outcome of all applications for a Review Board hearing at 2 psychiatric hospitals in Ontario were recorded from the beginning of 1987 to the end of 1996. All cases where a certificate of involuntary hospitalization was revoked were identified. For each of these cases, the clinical record, including the Review Board's written reasons for its decision, was reviewed. Results: During the study period, 2644 patients applied for a review of their involuntary hospitalization. Only 42% of applications reached a hearing. Of these, 9% were revoked. Several recurring reasons for overturning certificates were identified. These included the physician relying too much on hearsay evidence, relatives supporting discharge at the hearings, and the patient clearly having recovered by the time the hearing took place. Conclusions: Relatives or staff who observe dangerous behaviour should be encouraged to give evidence at hearings. The treatment team should take careful note of the views of patients 'families and friends and review the patients 'progress before hearings.
Séquelles neurologiques secondaires à une intoxication aiguë au lithium
Authors: Roy Mario , Stip Emmanuel , Black Deborah N , Lew Vivianne , Langlois Robert 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: Analyse de la documentation sur les séquelles neurologiques permanentes secondaires à une intoxication aiguë au lithium. Méthode: Soixante-six articles en langue française et anglaise ont été passés en revue de 1968 à 1997 en utilisant Medline. Résultats: Cinquante-neuf cas ont été examinés dans la documentation et classifiés selon trois registres: le premier concerne les cas d'intoxication au lithium sans neuroleptique ayant entraîné un syndrome cérébelleux; le deuxième regroupe les cas où le lithium a été associé à un neuroleptique; et le troisième groupe présente des cas de séquelles neurologiques diverses, qu 'il y ait eu ou non association avec un neuroleptique. Conclusions: Le lithium présente une toxicité intrinsèque pour le système nerveux central et un tropisme particulier pour le cervelet. L'association avec des neuroleptiques semble augmenter sa toxicité ainsi que certains facteurs associés dont les états infectieux et la correction rapide de la lithémie. Nous discutons des mécanismes physiopathologiques actuellement invoqués pour expliquer la neurotoxicité du lithium.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC): Pathophysiology, Laboratory Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Senno Sandra L. , Pechet Liberto , Bick Rodger L. 
Published: January 2017

Disease entities such as sepsis, shock, obstetric complications, and neoplasms share the process of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) as a secondary complication. Regardless of the initiating event, DIC results from the activation of the virtually unregulated coagulation cascade, characterized by the generation of thrombin with fibrin deposition within the micro- and macrovascular systems (i.e., multiple thrombi), combined with a hemorrhagic diathesis. The counteraction by the fibrinolytic cascade is variable and is characterized by the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the latter functioning as a potent proteolytic enzyme, capable of degrading fibrinogen, fibrin, and several clotting factors. The kinin and complement cascades also partake in the promotion of DIC. In addition, antithrombin (AT), proteins C and S, antiplasmin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, play a functional role in curtailing the activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms, but they too may be affected by the DIC process, particularly because a marked decrease in AT takes place in severe cases. The laboratory findings of DIC are as variable as the underlying clinical presentation and usually include elevation of D-dimer (a product of lysed fibrin), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), as well as prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and thrombin time, accompanied by thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia (noted mostly in obstetrical cases). Because some of these assays are not specific for the diagnosis of DIC, we propose the use of a new, simple, and cost effective panel: D-dimer, FDP, and AT. Elevations in FDP and D-dimer are sensitive for the diagnosis of DIC and a marked drop in AT establishes a poor prognosis. Aside from the treatment of the underlying triggering event, a consensus with regard to the most effective management of DIC has not been established. Herein we summarize the rationale for the use of conventional therapeutic modalities such as fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelet and clotting factor concentrates, as well as the use of new alternatives. The use of AT infusions to maintain plasma levels of 150% of normal shows great promise in severe cases. A fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of DIC combined with an appreciation for efficient laboratory testing will allow for the most comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives.
Our Health Is in Our Hands
Authors: George Kimberly S. , Roberts Calpurnyia B. , Beasley Stephen , Fox Margaretta , Rashied-Henry Kweli ,   Brooklyn Partnership to Drive Down Diabetes (BP3D)
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Design, implement, and evaluate a 6-week social marketing campaign (SMC) to raise awareness of obesity and increase involvement in type 2 diabetes prevention, nutrition, and fitness programs offered by the Brooklyn Partnership to Drive Down Diabetes (BP3D) in two low-income, urban communities. Design: This was a nonexperimental, formative research, mixed-methods study. Setting: The study took place in Central Brooklyn and East New York, two of the most impoverished, high-need communities in New York City. Subjects: Participants were black and Hispanic adults, who were 18+ years of age and residing in the priority communities. Intervention: Advertisements in English and Spanish encouraging healthier eating habits and advocating for better food options were displayed on New York City bus shelters, buses, and subway cars operating in the priority communities. Social media, Web sites, and print material were used to promote the campaign message. Measures: Social media metrics and a street intercept postsurvey informed the campaign’s success. Analysis: Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: One hundred advertisements in English and Spanish were posted. After an 18-month followup, there were over 11,000 visits to the Facebook page. Results from the postsurvey (n = 171) suggest the SMC motivated participants who recognized the advertisements to improve their health behaviors. Conclusion: A multifaceted SMC that coincides with prevention programs can effectively raise attention to health issues and activities in a high-risk population at a relatively low cost.
Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion during a 6-Month Follow-Up of Female Prostitutes in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Ahmed H Jama , Omar K , Adan S Yusuf , Guled A Mohamed , Grillner L , Bygdeman S 
Published: January 2017

A total of 155 prostitutes inhabiting 4 different districts in Mogadishu, Somalia, were enrolled in a 6 month prospective study of syphilis and HIV infection. Blood samples were taken on entry, at 3 months and at 6 months. Differences were seen between the prostitutes in the 4 districts regarding possible risk factors for the acquisition of STDs. Initially 107 (69%) were found to have syphilis serum markers and 47% had active syphilis as judged by positivity in both Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) test and non-treponemal (VDRL and RPR) tests. TPHA positivity was correlated to the number of sexual partners. Sixty-nine prostitutes were followed for 6 months. Two of the 16 initially TPHA negative women seroconverted for syphilis during the follow-up. HIV antibodies were detected in one (0.6%) of the 155 prostitutes at the start of the study and one out of 68 seroconverted during the 6 months follow-up. To control the spread of HIV infection health education targeting the risk groups like prostitutes must be given a high priority.
UK Breast Screening Programme: How Does it Reflect the Forrest Recommendations?
Authors: Gerard Karen , Brown Jackie , Johnston Kathy 
Published: January 2017

Objective— To compare the UK breast screening programme with the Forrest Report recommendations of 1986. Setting— The UK breast screening programme. Methods— A postal survey of 97 local breast screening programmes in the United Kingdom. The main outcome measures were the frequency of screening, the use of two view screening on incident screens, reading of screening mammograms, assessment procedures and visits, staffing levels, and the use of building and equipment. Results— Eighty two (85%) of the questionnaires were completed and returned. All programmes screen every three years, as Forrest intended, with the exception of one health region which screens more often. The national policy is to use two views on incident screens where there is a clinical indication. None the less, 14% of programmes are using, or intending to use, two views on all women. Double reading of mammograms is not recommended in the United Kingdom outside Scotland, but is used by 88% of programmes. All programmes have access to the equipment required for the assessment techniques recommended by Forrest. Variation exists between programmes in the procedures women can expect to receive at their initial assessment visit and in the total number of assessment visits. Sixty eight per cent of programmes' breast screening budgets cover the staff required for a multidisciplinary team as denned by the Forrest Report. Ninety three per cent of screening programmes are organised around static sites, with 86% of these also using mobile vans. Conclusions— The national programme is following recommendations about the frequency of screening, but there seems to be some divergence from policy as regards the use of double reading, two views at incident screening, and the multidisciplinary team covered by the programmes' breast screening budget. Further research is needed on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of two view incidence screening, double reading, and non-radiologists as readers. Investigation is also needed of the costs and effects of the variation between programmes in the number of assessment visits a woman may have.
Impact of Follow up Letters on Non-Attenders for Breast Screening: A General Practice Based Study
Authors: Majeed Azeem , Given-Wilson Rosalind , Smith Eve 
Published: January 2017

Objective— To determine the effectiveness of follow up letters to non-attenders for screening on the breast screening uptake in practices with a low preliminary uptake of screening. Design— Observational study of two groups of general practices. In 40 of these practices, the preliminary uptake of screening was less than 60%These 40 practices were offered help from a clerical officer to check names and addresses of non-attenders, and to send non-attenders a reminder letter. Setting— 93 general practices in South West London in 1995–96. Main outcome measures— Preliminary and final uptake of breast screening. Results— Breast screening uptake increased by an average of 4.6% in the 40 intervention practices compared with 1.6% in the 53 control practices (difference 3.0%, P < 0.0001). However, the absolute increase in the uptake of screening in the intervention group was small (from 53.8% to 58.5%). The marginal cost for each additional women screened was £7 (compared with an average cost for each women screened of £27). Conclusions— Reminder letters can help increase the uptake of screening in practices with a low preliminary uptake of breast screening. However, they have a limited role in improving the uptake of breast screening in inner city areas, and other methods of increasing uptake therefore need to be developed and evaluated.
Neonatal Screening for Cystic Fibrosis in the Trent Region (UK): Two-Stage Immunoreactive Trypsin Screening Compared with a Three-Stage Protocol with DNA Analysis as an Intermediate Step
Authors: Pollitt R J , Dalton A , Evans S , Hughes H N , Curtis D 
Published: January 2017

Objectives— To assess neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis using immunoreactive trypsin, either alone or in conjunction with DNA analysis for the AF508 mutation. A novel three-stage screening protocol was compared with the previously introduced two-stage immunoreactive trypsin-DNA protocol. Design— (a) Collection of data from a 41/2 year period (phase 1) of two-stage immunoreactive trypsin screening. The initial dried blood samples were obtained at 6 days of age and repeat samples at 27 days of age from babies with results above the 99.5th centile. Babies with persistent hypertrypsinaemia were referred for a diagnostic sweat test. (b) Retrospective DNA analysis: Patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed in phase 1 were genotyped and most samples from babies with increased initial immunoreactive trypsin but normal results in the second sample were analysed for the δF508 mutation, (c) Phase 2, a prospective study of a three-stage neonatal screening protocol, in which only babies heterozygous for the δF508 cystic fibrosis mutation progressed to the second immunoreactive trypsin test. Setting— The Trent neonatal screening programme. Subjects— 437 859 babies born between August 1989 and March 1996. Main outcome measures— Proportions of unaffected babies requiring a second blood sample or a sweat test. Overall sensitivity for the detection of cystic fibrosis. Results— The two-stage screen failed to identify six out of 94 cases of cystic fibrosis (without meconium ileus). The introduction of the DNA analysis step would have resulted in one additional case being missed. With the three-stage screen there was a 92% reduction in babies requiring a second blood sample and an 80% reduction in negative sweat tests, results close to the predictions of the retrospective study. Conclusions— The three-stage screening protocol is a marked improvement on the two-stage immunoreactive trypsin strategy and on the two-stage immunoreactive trypsin-DNA strategy recently introduced in some other screening programmes.
A Survey of Screening Compliance among First Degree Relatives of People with Colon Cancer in New South Wales
Authors: Harris Margaret A , Byles Julie E 
Published: January 2017

Objective— To survey screening practices, knowledge, and attitudes towards screening among first degree relatives of people with colon cancer. Setting— A random sample of people with colon cancer listed on the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer Registry were mailed a questionnaire to be passed on to an appropriate first degree relative. Methods— Two hundred and twenty five first degree relatives completed a self administered questionnaire. Results— Although there were high levels of awareness about colorectal cancer, and attitudes towards colorectal cancer were generally positive, screening rates were low, and only three relatives had been screened in accordance with current Australian recommendations. Factors associated with previous participation in any type of screening test (usually once) included receiving a medical recommendation to screen, having more than one relative with colorectal cancer, being a sibling of the relative with colon cancer, the relative with cancer being female, and perceiving screening as messy, but not painful. Conclusions— Strategies to enhance screening awareness and participation among relatives need to be considered. This study provides some insight into factors to be considered in developing awareness programmes. Further research is required to explore these factors, and to identify ways to overcome barriers.
Corporate Coalitions and Industrial Restructuring: Explaining Regional Trade Agreements
Authors: Cox Ronald W. 
Published: January 2017

This paper locates business support for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) in the context of the internationalization of capital markets and the competitive pressures of the world economy. Multinational corporations which are internationally competitive and trade dependent across various regions of the world economy, tended to support NAFTA and CBI for the trade liberalization provisions. On the other hand. MNCs which are less competitive and trade dependent within regions tended to support NAFTA and CBI for the discriminatory investment provisions. Other firms which are less competitive and tied to the U.S. market tended to oppose NAFTA and CBI. The corporate coalitions that battled over the terms of the NAFTA and CBI agreements reflect the uneven character of globalization in the world economy. Some firms are reacting to globalization by expanding their international operations and supporting free trade in a variety of contexts. Other firms are regionalizing their operations and lobbying governments to implement discriminatory regional trade agreements to protect them from foreign competition. The future direction of global trade could well depend on the battles amongst these diverse corporate interests.
Globalisation in Telecommunications: The Dynamics of Firms, Governments and Technologies
Authors: Loveridge Ray , Mueller Frank 
Published: January 2017

The focus of this paper is to be upon the differential effect of national institutional frameworks on actors in a pivotal sector in the growth of global markets-telecommunications. We emphasise the varying modalities in which corporate and sectoral agendas inform public policy making and vice versa in a manner which modifies the institutional framework. We seek to illustrate the multi-layered nature of this interaction between structures and actors. The paper will describe the manner in which the telecommunications sector emerged historically within different national business systems (NBSs) and has become a global arena for contest between multi-national corporations (MNCs) serviced by regional supply chains. The life cycle effects of emergent boundaries to sectoral relationships and to technological “best-practice” are seen to be shaped both by national ideologies and institutional frameworks and by a range of competitive and what are sometimes loosely described as isomorphic pressures. In this process the MNC is seen to acquire an increasing degree of detachment from any single NBS and an ability to leverage its capabilities across national markets.
E-health responses to common mental disorders in primary care: experiences with Ębeyondblue‘ and ĘSPHERE’
Authors: Hickie Ian , Davenport Tracey , Scott Elizabeth , Morgan Hugh 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To highlight opportunities for enhancing mental health services in primary care through utilisation of e-health systems. Specifically, an information-based website (provided by ‘beyondblue: the national depression initiative’) and a web-based support system for general practitioners (provided by ‘SPHERE: a national depression project’) are described. Conclusions: Recommendations regarding potential roles for e-health systems in association with Australian primary care are outlined.
The Efficacy of Ergogenic Agents in Athletic Competition Part I: Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Smith Daniel A. , Perry Paul J. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature describing the epidemiology, pharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects associated with androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) use among athletes. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were identified from a MEDLINE search using the search terms “Doping in Sports,” “Anabolic Steroids (exploded),” and “Androgens (exploded).” Additional references were found in the bibliographies of these articles. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: We reviewed studies of AAS use among professional athletes. Interpretation of these studies is difficult because of poor research design. The efficacy studies lacked adequate placebo control. Much of the literature describing adverse effects consists of anecdotal reports. All of this literature was considered for review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of all ergogenic drugs, AASs are the most widely abused. Abuse of AASs among high school students is estimated at five to ten percent. AASs are hypothesized to produce ergogenic effects during periods of concomitant positive nitrogen balance via antagonism of the catabolic effect of glucocorticoids released during intense exercise. Despite years of study, the extent of the ergogenic effects associated with AASs remains unclear. This may be because most studies have failed to approximate athletes' AAS usage patterns. The primary toxic effects of AASs are divided into four areas: hepatic, reproductive, cardiovascular, and psychiatric. Athletes do not consider these effects severe enough to refrain from using these drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes view AASs as an essential component for success. Without adequate intervention measures, AAS abuse is likely to continue unchecked.