bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROVIDING GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS: ELECTORAL DELEGATION AND COOPERATION
Authors: Kocher Martin G. , Tan Fangfang , Yu Jing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of electoral delegation on providing global public goods shared by several groups. Each group elects one delegate who can freely decide on each group member's contribution to the global public goods. Our results show that people mostly vote for delegates who assign equal contributions for every group member. However, in contrast to standard theoretical predictions for our delegation mechanism, unequal contributions across groups drive cooperation down over time, and it decreases efficiency by almost 50% compared to the selfish benchmark. This pattern is not driven by delegates trying to exploit their fellow group members, as indicated by theory. It is driven by conditional cooperation of delegates across groups. Since one of the potential sources of the resulting inefficiency is the polycentric nature of global public goods provision together with other‐regarding preferences, we use the termP‐inefficiencyto describe our finding. (JELC92, D72, H41)
The design of durability tests by fatigue damage spectrum approach
Authors: Cianetti F. , Alvino A. , Bolognini A. , Palmieri M. , Braccesi C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the present paper, a new approach to combine load conditions expressed by power spectral density functions and to synthesize them into an equivalent one was presented. This method is based on the concept of fatigue damage spectrum and on the system dynamics. It was developed to design or verify operative durability tests (i.e., tracks), able to test payloads transported by vehicles, which could be alternative to laboratory ones, defined by the norm. By analyzing the acceleration spectrum of the norm and the acceleration measurements (all expressed in terms of power spectral density functions) acquired on the designed tracks during an experimental activity conducted on a wheeled transport vehicle, it was possible to verify the goodness of the proposed approach.
Propofol post‐conditioning alleviates hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury via BRG1‐mediated Nrf2/HO‐1 transcriptional activation in human and mice
Authors: Ge Mian , Chen Huixin , Zhu Qianqian , Cai Jun , Chen Chaojin , Yuan Dongdong , Jin Yi , Yao Weifeng , Hei Ziqing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo explore the effects of propofol post‐conditioning (PPC) on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the potential mechanisms that might be involved in the interaction of Brahma‐related gene1(BRG1) and Nuclear‐related factor 2(Nrf2). Patients were randomized into PPC(n = 16) and non‐PPC(NPC)( n = 21) groups. Propofol(2 mg/kg) was infused within 10 min. of the onset of liver reperfusion during liver transplantation in the PPC group. Liver function tests, as well as Brg1, Nrf2, Heme oxygenase‐1(HO‐1) and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase1(NQO1) expression levels were evaluated. CMV‐Brg1 mice were designed to investigate the role of Brg1 overexpression during HIRI. Brg1 and Nrf2 siRNA were used to examine the relationship between Brg1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways in propofol‐mediated effects in a human hepatocyte(L02) hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model. In patients, PPC attenuated both donor liver pathological and function injury, and reducing oxidative stress markers, compared to the NPC group, 24 hrs after surgery. PPC increased liver Brg1, Nrf2, HO‐1 and NQO1 expression. In mice, PPC reduced HIRI by decreasing liver oxidative stress and activating Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, accompanied by up‐regulation of BRG1 expression. BRG1 overexpression activated Nrf2/HO‐1 transcription in CMV‐BRG1 mice during HIRI. In vitro, PPC significantly elevated expression of Nrf2, HO‐1 and NQO1, resulting in a reduction of cell DCFH‐DA and 8‐isoprostane levels and decreased lactate dehydrogenase levels, leading to an overall increase in cell viability. Moreover, the protective effects of propofol were partially abrogated in Nrf2‐knock‐down or BRG1‐knock‐down hepatocytes. Nrf2‐knock‐down drastically reduced protein expression of HO‐1 and NQO1, while Brg1‐knock‐down decreased HO‐1 expression. Propofol post‐conditioning alleviates HIRI through BRG1‐mediated Nrf2/HO‐1 transcriptional activation.
Mood and anxiety disorders in very preterm/very low–birth weight individuals from 6 to 26 years
Authors: Jaekel Julia , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundVery preterm (<32 weeks’ gestational age; VP) or very low–birth weight (<1,500 g; VLBW) birth has been associated with increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders and less partnering in adulthood. The aim was to test whether (a) VP/VLBW are at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorders from 6 to 26 years compared with term‐born individuals; (b) social support from romantic partners is associated with protection from anxiety and mood disorders; and (c) VP/VLBW adults’ lower social support mediates their risk for any anxiety and mood disorders.MethodsData are from a prospective geographically defined longitudinal whole‐population study in South Bavaria (Germany). Two hundred VP/VLBW and 197 term individuals were studied from birth to adulthood. Anxiety and mood disorders were assessed at 6, 8, and 26 years with standardized diagnostic interviews and social support via self‐report at age 26.ResultsAt age 6, VP/VLBW children were not at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorder. At age 8, VP/VLBW more often had any anxiety disorder than term comparisons (11.8% vs. 6.6%, OR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.08–4.10]). VP/VLBW adults had an increased risk for any mood (27.5% vs. 18.8%, OR = 1.65 [1.02–2.67]) but not for any anxiety disorder (33.0% vs. 28.4%, OR = 1.27 [0.82–1.96]). None of the significant differences survived correction for multiple testing. Social support was associated with a lower risk of anxiety or mood disorders in both groups (OR = 0.81 [0.68–0.96]) and mediated the association of VP/VLBW birth with any anxiety or any mood disorders at age 26.ConclusionsThis study does not show a persistently increased risk for any anxiety or mood disorder after VP/VLBW birth. Low social support from a romantic partner mediates the risk for anxiety or mood disorders after VP/VLBW birth.
Current approach of skin lesions suspected of malignancy in general practice in the Netherlands: a quantitative overview
Authors: Ahmadi K. , Prickaerts E. , Smeets J.G.E. , Joosten V.H.M.J. , Kelleners‐Smeets N.W.J. , Dinant G.J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe role of general practitioners (GPs) in skin cancer care is increasing. Previous, hospital‐based studies suggest that GPs might not have the capabilities to gain responsibility concerning skin cancer care.ObjectivesTo evaluate the current approach of GPs towards skin lesions suspected of malignancy in the Netherlands.MethodsIn three general practices, all consultations in 2015 concerning skin lesions suspected of malignancy were identified and reviewed. Patients demographics, circumstances of consultation, evaluation of skin lesion(s), presumed diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy and policy were evaluated.ResultsFive hundred and eighty consultations were identified. Patient took initiative for encounter in 90%. Case‐finding occurred in 2%. Diagnostic tools were used in 22%; dermoscopy was used in 8% and a diagnostic excision in 10%. The GP diagnosed a benign lesion in 69%. Therapeutic interventions were applied in 31% and a wait‐and‐see policy in 40%. The diagnosis after referral was a benign tumour in 39% of the cases, a malignancy in 29% and a premalignant lesion in 17%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the presumed benign, malignant and premalignant diagnoses was 86%, 54% and 18%, respectively.ConclusionsMost lesions that are presented to the GP with a suspicion of a malignancy appear to be benign lesions. In the examined practices, the diagnosis of the GP is mainly based on clinical examination and little use is made of available diagnostic tools. The use of a diagnostic tool like a biopsy might prevent unnecessary referrals.
Interpretation of Brain CT Scans in the Field by Critical Care Physicians in a Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Hov Maren Ranhoff , Zakariassen Erik , Lindner Thomas , Nome Terje , Bache Kristi G. , Røislien Jo , Gleditsch Jostein , Solyga Volker , Russell David , Lund Christian G. ,   on behalf of the NASPP study group
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIn acute stroke, thromboembolism or spontaneous hemorrhage abruptly reduces blood flow to a part of the brain. To limit necrosis, rapid radiological identification of the pathological mechanism must be conducted to allow the initiation of targeted treatment. The aim of the Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project is to determine if anesthesiologists, trained in prehospital critical care, may accurately assess cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans in a mobile stroke unit (MSU).METHODSIn this pilot study, 13 anesthesiologists assessed unselected acute stroke patients with a cerebral CT scan in an MSU. The scans were simultaneously available by teleradiology at the receiving hospital and the on‐call radiologist. CT scan interpretation was focused on the radiological diagnosis of acute stroke and contraindications for thrombolysis. The aim of this study was to find inter‐rater agreement between the pre‐ and in‐hospital radiological assessments. A neuroradiologist evaluated all CT scans retrospectively. Statistical analysis of inter‐rater agreement was analyzed with Cohen's kappa.RESULTSFifty‐one cerebral CT scans from the MSU were included. Inter‐rater agreement between prehospital anesthesiologists and the in‐hospital on‐call radiologists was excellent in finding radiological selection for thrombolysis (kappa .87). Prehospital CT scans were conducted in median 10 minutes (7 and 14 minutes) in the MSU, and median 39 minutes (31 and 48 minutes) before arrival at the receiving hospital.CONCLUSIONThis pilot study shows that anesthesiologists trained in prehospital critical care may effectively assess cerebral CT scans in an MSU, and determine if there are radiological contraindications for thrombolysis.
Comparing the lexical similarity of the triarchic model of psychopathy to contemporary models of psychopathy
Authors: Gatner Dylan T. , Douglas Kevin S. , Hart Stephen D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) posits that psychopathic personality comprises three domains: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The present study aimed to clarify conceptual overlap between contemporary definitions of psychopathy, with particular emphasis given to the relevance of boldness (i.e., social dominance, venturesomeness, emotional resiliency)—a topic of recent debate.MethodUndergraduate students (N = 439) compared the lexical similarity of triarchic domains with two contemporary models of psychopathy: the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP; Cooke, Hart, Logan, & Michie, 2012) and the Five‐Factor Model of psychopathy (FFM; Widiger & Lynam, 1998).ResultsFrom a content validity perspective, meanness and disinhibition were lexically similar to both the CAPP and FFM psychopathy, whereas boldness was less strongly associated with these models. Meanness showed the strongest lexical similarity in comparison with past prototypicality ratings of the CAPP and FFM psychopathy.ConclusionsThese findings bear implications for defining and comparing conceptualizations of psychopathy that underpin its assessment.
Effect and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment on dental caries in primary teeth
Authors: Clemens Jennifer , Gold Jaana , Chaffin Jeffrey 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesSilver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment has been identified as a potential solution to address the dental public health issues of untreated dental caries and insufficient access to care. The current study assessed the effectiveness of 38 percent SDF in arresting active dental caries lesions and in reducing or preventing associated dental pain and infections in young, at‐risk children.MethodsWe enrolled 32 children aged 2‐5 years with 118 active caries lesions in primary teeth from a community dental clinic in Oregon. After baseline examinations, carious lesions were treated with 1‐2 applications of 38 percent SDF. Children were re‐evaluated at 3‐week and 3‐month recalls to assess color and consistency changes in lesions (soft/hard). Parents were interviewed regarding symptoms of pain or infection and were surveyed regarding subjective feelings about SDF.ResultsOf 102 lesions (16 excluded from analyses), 100 were found to be arrested at first recall and all at second recall. The duration of SDF application was not associated with arrest of decay (P = 0.68). No incidence of pain or infection of an SDF‐treated tooth was recorded. Parental impression of ease of application, taste, and esthetics was favorable.ConclusionsOur results suggested SDF was effective in arresting active caries lesions in primary teeth in young children and was well accepted by parents. SDF offers an easy and highly efficient nonsurgical alternative treatment to traditional restorative dental treatment in young children, and it has great potential to aid the dental public health community to address dental caries in at‐risk populations.
Dating very young planetary surfaces from crater statistics: A review of issues and challenges
Authors: Williams Jean‐Pierre , van der Bogert Carolyn H. , Pathare Asmin V. , Michael Gregory G. , Kirchoff Michelle R. , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetermining the ages of young planetary surfaces relies on using populations of small, often sub‐km diameter impact craters due to the higher frequency at which they form. Smaller craters however can be less reliable for estimating ages as their size‐frequency distribution is more susceptible to alteration with debate as to whether they should be used at all. With the current plethora of meter‐scale resolution images acquired of the lunar and Martian surfaces, small craters have been widely used to derive model ages to establish the temporal relation of recent geologic events. In this review paper, we discuss the many factors that make smaller craters particularly challenging to use and should be taken into consideration when crater counts are confined to small crater diameters. Establishing confidence in a model age ultimately requires an understanding of the geologic context of the surface being dated as reliability can vary considerably and limitations of the dating technique should be considered in applying ages to any geologic interpretation.
Unravelling proximate cues of mass flowering in the tropical forests of South‐East Asia from gene expression analyses
Authors: Yeoh Suat Hui , Satake Akiko , Numata Shinya , Ichie Tomoaki , Lee Soon Leong , Basherudin Norlia , Muhammad Norwati , Kondo Toshiaki , Otani Tatsuya , Hashim Mazlan , Tani Naoki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElucidating the physiological mechanisms of the irregular yet concerted flowering rhythm of mass flowering tree species in the tropics requires long‐term monitoring of flowering phenology, exogenous and endogenous environmental factors, as well as identifying interactions and dependencies among these factors. To investigate the proximate factors for floral initiation of mast seeding trees in the tropics, we monitored the expression dynamics of two key flowering genes, meteorological conditions and endogenous resources over two flowering events of Shorea curtisii and Shorea leprosula in the Malay Peninsula. Comparisons of expression dynamics of genes studied indicated functional conservation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and LEAFY (LFY) in Shorea. The genes were highly expressed at least 1 month before anthesis for both species. A mathematical model considering the synergistic effect of cool temperature and drought on activation of the flowering gene was successful in predicting the observed gene expression patterns. Requirement of both cool temperature and drought for floral transition suggested by the model implies that flowering phenologies of these species are sensitive to climate change. Our molecular phenology approach in the tropics sheds light on the conserved role of flowering genes in plants inhabiting different climate zones and can be widely applied to dissect the flowering processes in other plant species.
Burying beetles regulate the microbiome of carcasses and use it to transmit a core microbiota to their offspring
Authors: Shukla Shantanu P. , Vogel Heiko , Heckel David G. , Vilcinskas Andreas , Kaltenpoth Martin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNecrophagous beetles utilize carrion, a highly nutritious resource that is susceptible to intense microbial competition, by treating it with antimicrobial anal and oral secretions. However, how this regulates the carcass microbiota remains unclear. Here, we show that carcasses prepared by the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides undergo significant changes in their microbial communities subsequent to their burial and “preparation.” Prepared carcasses hosted a microbial community that was more similar to that of beetles’ anal and oral secretions than to the native carcass community or the surrounding soil, indicating that the beetles regulated the carcass microbiota. A core microbial community (Xanthomonadaceae, Enterococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Yarrowia yeasts) was transmitted by the beetles to the larvae via the anal and oral secretions and the carcass surface. These core taxa proliferated on the carcass, indicating a growth conducive environment for these microbes when associated with beetles. However, total bacterial loads were higher on decomposing carcasses without beetles than on beetle‐prepared carcasses, indicating that the beetles and/or their associated symbionts suppress the growth of competing microbes. Thus, apart from being a nutritional resource, the carcass provides a medium for vertical transmission of a tightly regulated symbiotic microbiota, whose activity on the carcass and in the larval gut may involve carcass preservation as well as digestion.
Development of a Vibration Attenuation Track at Low Frequencies for Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Zhu Shengyang , Wang Jianwei , Cai Chengbiao , Wang Kaiyun , Zhai Wanming , Yang Jizhong , Yan Hua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRailway‐induced vibrations at low frequencies have become an important environmental issue with the rapid development of urban rail transit. In this study, a new vibration attenuation track (VAT) capable of passively mitigating vibrations at low frequencies is developed based on an integrated theoretical and experimental study. The full‐scale VAT is built which incorporates a floating slab track (FST) and the attached dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) with key parameters determined by the fixed‐point theory and modal analysis technique. The vibration attenuation performance of the VAT is investigated under train dynamic loads by establishing a three‐dimensional coupled dynamic model of a metro vehicle‐VAT‐subgrade system, and is further elucidated and validated by carrying out full‐scale dynamic tests under different harmonic loadings. Computational and experimental results both show that vibrations of the track are effectively absorbed by the attached DVAs leading to a significant reduction of the subgrade vibrations at the low frequency of 9–16 Hz.
First molecular identification of the vertebrate hosts ofCulicoides imicolainEurope and a review of its blood‐feeding patterns worldwide: implications for the transmission of bluetongue disease andAfrican horse sickness
Authors: MARTÍNEZ‐DE LA PUENTE J. , NAVARRO J. , FERRAGUTI M. , SORIGUER R. , FIGUEROLA J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCulicoides(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens that affect wildlife, livestock and, occasionally, humans.Culicoides imicola(Kieffer, 1913) is considered to be the main vector of the pathogens that cause bluetongue disease (BT) andAfricanhorsesickness (AHS) in southernEurope. The study of blood‐feeding patterns inCulicoidesis an essential step towards understanding the epidemiology of these pathogens. Molecular tools that increase the accuracy and sensitivity of traditional methods have been developed to identify the hosts of potential insect vectors. However, to the present group's knowledge, molecular studies that identify the hosts ofC. imicolainEurope are lacking. The present study genetically characterizes the barcoding region ofC. imicolatrapped on farms in southernSpain and identifies its vertebrate hosts in the area. The report also reviews available information on the blood‐feeding patterns ofC. imicolaworldwide.Culicoides imicolafromSpain feed on blood of six mammals that include species known to be hosts of theBTandAHSviruses. This study provides evidence of the importance of livestock as sources of bloodmeals forC. imicolaand the relevance of this species in the transmission ofBTandAHSviruses inEurope.
A Probabilistic Framework for Risk Analysis of Widespread Flood Events: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Schneeberger Klaus , Huttenlau Matthias , Winter Benjamin , Steinberger Thomas , Achleitner Stefan , Stötter Johann 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article presents a flood risk analysis model that considers the spatially heterogeneous nature of flood events. The basic concept of this approach is to generate a large sample of flood events that can be regarded as temporal extrapolation of flood events. These are combined with cumulative flood impact indicators, such as building damages, to finally derive time series of damages for risk estimation. Therefore, a multivariate modeling procedure that is able to take into account the spatial characteristics of flooding, the regionalization method top‐kriging, and three different impact indicators are combined in a model chain. Eventually, the expected annual flood impact (e.g., expected annual damages) and the flood impact associated with a low probability of occurrence are determined for a study area. The risk model has the potential to augment the understanding of flood risk in a region and thereby contribute to enhanced risk management of, for example, risk analysts and policymakers or insurance companies. The modeling framework was successfully applied in a proof‐of‐concept exercise in Vorarlberg (Austria). The results of the case study show that risk analysis has to be based on spatially heterogeneous flood events in order to estimate flood risk adequately.
Carbon policy and the structure of global trade
Authors: Balistreri Edward J. , Böhringer Christoph , Rutherford Thomas F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlternative perspectives on the structure of international trade have important implications for the evaluation of climate policy. In this paper, we assess climate policy in the context of three important alternative trade formulations. First is a Heckscher‐Ohlin model based on trade in homogeneous products, which establishes the traditional neoclassical view on comparative advantage. Second is an Armington model based on regionally differentiated goods, which is a popular specification for numerical simulations of trade policy. Third is a Melitz model based on monopolistic competition and firm heterogeneity. This heterogeneous‐firms framework is adopted in many contemporary theoretic and empirical investigations in international trade. As we show in this paper, the three alternative trade formulations have important implications for the assessment of climate policy with respect to competitive effects for energy‐intensive production (and hence carbon leakage) as well as the transmission of policy burdens across countries.