bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ectopic thyroid in the background of MNG – diagnosis with SPECT/CT radionuclide scan: a case report
Authors: Gillani Farkhanda , Imran Muhammad Babar , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Ectopic thyroid in presence of multinodular goiter is a rare entity. We present case of a patient with a multinodular goiter located in the anterior neck with a separate ectopic thyroid in the submental region.

Case presentation:
We describe a 38 year old female who visited nuclear medicine department for thyroid scanning. She underwent total thyroidectomy 28 days back due to MNG (Multinodular goiter) with compressive symptoms. After surgery, she developed a swelling, located in the midline in the upper neck region. Thyroid scanning along with SPECT-CT showed a photon-avid, soft tissue density lesion in the submental region.

Conclusion:
Ectopic thyroid in presence of multinodular goiter in native location, is a rare entity. Nevertheless, it may be included in the differential diagnosis in cases where a new swelling appears soon after surgery.
Watershed stroke - an unexpected complication of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a case report
Authors: Riley Garan , Rittey Christopher D , Connolly Daniel JA , Mordekar Santosh R 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common childhood respiratory pathogen, with many reported extrapulmonary manifestations. Neurological involvement was once believed to be temporary or reversible.

Case presentation:
We report a case of watershed stroke in a young child, occurring as an unexpected complication of severe RSV bronchiolitis. Unexpectedly, brain diffusion-weighted MRI proved that seizures in our patient were a consequence of more significant peripheral perfusion failure and stroke.

Conclusion:
It is important to distinguish the reversible effects of RSV from those alternative pathological sequelae necessitating changes in clinical management and re-prognostication.
ACCESO A LA JUSTICIA PARA MUJERES VÍCTIMAS DE VIOLENCIA Y DISCRIMINACIÓN CON ENFOQUE DE GÉNERO EN LOS PRECEDENTES DEL SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Garcete Juan Marcelino González 
Published: August 2017

Desde mediados del Siglo XIX y durante el Siglo XX las mujeres reclamaron organizadamente la igualdad de derechos con los varones. Desde este modo se fue logrando una igualdad formal que otorgaba en la letra iguales derechos a varones que a mujeres. No obstante ello, la realidad de sometimiento de la mujer permaneció inalterada y la trampa positivista retornó una vez más las explicaciones naturalistas. En la segunda mitad del Siglo XX y, en gran medida, bajo la influencia de Simone de Beauvoir (autora del libro “El segundo sexo”, 1949), los estudios sobre género comenzaron a develar el modo sutil (o no tan sutil) por el cual, a partir de la construcción social de los estereotipos, se instalaba la discriminación contra la mujer como paso previo al examen de la igualdad de modo tal que, más allá de lo discursivo, la igualdad se torna imposible cuando la referencia sobre la que se pretende construirla ha sido de antemano definida en términos masculinos. Por otro lado, el movimiento de mujeres puso el acento en la eliminación de dos modos de violencia paradigmáticos que las afectaban impidiendo su desarrollo y participación plena en la vida social: la violencia doméstica y la violencia del sistema prostituyente. Sostenidas ambas en la ficticia distinción de espacio privado y espacio público, por una razón u otra, se desplegaron impunemente al margen de la intervención del Estado y constituyeron y constituyen la expresión más brutal e impúdicamente tolerada de la violencia contra la mujer. A partir de la década del ´70, Diane Russell y Jill Radford van a sistematizar el estudio de la violencia contra la mujer en su elaborado concepto de feminicidio y van a presentar el carácter sistemático de dicha violencia, dejando en evidencia su contenido político. La Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (en adelante “CIDH”) ha manifestado reiteradamente que un acceso de jure y de facto a recursos judiciales idóneos y efectivos resulta indispensable para la erradicación del problema de la violencia contra las mujeres, así como también lo es el cumplimiento de los Estados de su obligación de actuar con la debida diligencia frente a tales actos.
SOBRE AS (IM)POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES ENTRE NOVAS PENOLOGIAS E DEMOCRACIA: UM ESTUDO DO BRASIL PENAL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Copetti Santos André Leonardo , Lucas Doglas Cesar 
Published: August 2017

Questionar as discrepâncias e antinomias entre sistemas penais e regimes democráticos, bem como tentar estabelecer possíveis conexões entre eles, dentro de modelos de organização política nominados como Estados democráticos de Direito, são os dois principais aspectos que estruturam o objetivo central do presente artigo. Diante das novas tecnologias penais, cuja aplicação tem resultado em índices de encarceramento massivo como jamais houve em tempos de normalidade democrática, e seus efeitos negativos sobre o estado de liberdade de parcelas hipossuficientes e bem determinadas de populações de países com sistemas de direitos e garantias fundamentais positivados em suas Constituições, torna-se premente retomar as reflexões acerca das implicações entre o exercício do poder punitivo do Estado e a consolidação da democracia em sociedades, como a brasileira, nas quais imperam profundas desigualdades sociais. Neste artigo será abordada a questão da (i)legitimidade democrática, sob o viés da falta de competitividade nos processos de ascenso ao poder, de quem produz esse direito penal contemporâneo. O resultado da investigação aponta a existência de fortes implicações dessa falta de competitividade no direcionamento de uma atuação eficientista do sistema penal destinada a parcelas bem definidas da população. Pela própria natureza antinômica e paradoxal entre sistemas normativos voltados à potencialização da liberdade e da autonomia e sistemas punitivos que atingem frontalmente esses valores, adotou-se a metodologia de aproximação dialética para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho.
Early imaging radioresponsiveness of melanoma brain metastases as a predictor of patient prognosis
Authors: Zubatkina Irina , Ivanov Pavel 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to analyze the early radiological response of melanoma brain metastases to single high-dose irradiation and to reveal possible correlations between tumor radioresponsiveness and patient clinical outcomes.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of the medical data for all patients with melanoma brain metastases who had undergone Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and follow-up MRI examinations with standard protocols at regular 2- to 3-month intervals. Volumetric measurements of the metastases on pretreatment and initial posttreatment images were performed to assess the rate of early radiological response. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the rate of response, and overall survival, local control, and the appearance of new metastases in the brain were compared in these groups using the long-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of clinical outcomes.RESULTSAfter retrospective analysis of 298 melanoma brain metastases in 78 patients, the authors determined that early radiological responses of these metastases to GKRS differ considerably and can be divided into 2 distinct groups. One group of tumors underwent rapid shrinkage after radiosurgery, whereas the other showed minor fluctuations in size (rapid- and slow-response groups, respectively). Median survival for patients with a slow response was 15.2 months compared with 6.3 months for those with a rapid response (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, improved overall survival was associated with a slow response to radiosurgery (p < 0.0001), stable systemic disease (p = 0.001), and a higher Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.001). Stratification by Recursive Partitioning Analysis, score index for radiosurgery, and diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment classes further confirmed the difference in overall survival for patients with a slow versus rapid radiation response. Local recurrence was observed in 11% of patients with a rapid response and in 6% of patients with a slow response, at a median of more than 8 months after radiosurgery. New brain metastases were diagnosed in 67% of patients with a slow response at a median of 8.6 months after radiosurgery and in 82% of patients with a rapid response at a considerably earlier median time of 2.7 months. In the multivariate analysis, a longer time to the development of new brain metastases was associated with a slow response (p = 0.012), stable systemic disease (p = 0.034), and a single brain metastasis (p = 0.030).CONCLUSIONSMelanoma brain metastases show different early radioresponsiveness to radiosurgery. Rapid shrinkage of brain metastases is associated with poor patient prognosis, which may indicate more aggressive biological behavior of this tumor phenotype.
Extended Main-sequence Turn-offs in Intermediate-age Star Clusters: Stellar Rotation Diminishes, but Does Not Eliminate, Age Spreads
Authors: Goudfrooij Paul , Girardi Léo , Correnti Matteo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Extended main-sequence turn-off (eMSTO) regions are a common feature in color–magnitude diagrams of young- and intermediate-age star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds. The nature of eMSTOs remains debated in the literature. The currently most popular scenarios are extended star formation activity and ranges of stellar rotation rates. Here we study details of differences in main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) morphology expected from spreads in age versus spreads in rotation rates, using Monte Carlo simulations with the Geneva syclist isochrone models that include the effects of stellar rotation. We confirm a recent finding of Niederhofer et al. that a distribution of stellar rotation velocities yields an MSTO extent that is proportional to the cluster age, as observed. However, we find that stellar rotation yields MSTO crosscut widths that are generally smaller than observed ones at a given age. We compare the simulations with high-quality Hubble Space Telescope data of NGC 1987 and NGC 2249, which are the two only relatively massive star clusters with an age of ∼1 Gyr for which such data is available. We find that the distribution of stars across the eMSTOs of these clusters cannot be explained solely by a distribution of stellar rotation velocities, unless the orientations of rapidly rotating stars are heavily biased toward an equator-on configuration. Under the assumption of random viewing angles, stellar rotation can account for ∼60% and ∼40% of the observed FWHM widths of the eMSTOs of NGC 1987 and NGC 2249, respectively. In contrast, a combination of distributions of stellar rotation velocities and stellar ages fits the observed eMSTO morphologies very well.
Small-scale Intensity Mapping: Extended Halos as a Probe of the Ionizing Escape Fraction and Faint Galaxy Populations during Reionization
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Hennawi Joseph F. , Dijkstra Mark , Davies Frederick B. , Stern Jonathan , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a new method to quantify the value of the escape fraction of ionizing photons, and the existence of ultra-faint galaxies clustered around brighter objects during the epoch of cosmic reionization, using the diffuse Lyα, continuum, and Hα emission observed around galaxies at

. We model the surface brightness profiles of the diffuse halos, considering the fluorescent emission powered by ionizing photons escaping from the central galaxies, and the nebular emission from satellite star-forming sources, by extending the formalisms developed in Mas-Ribas & Dijkstra and Mas-Ribas et al. The comparison between our predicted profiles and Lyα observations at z = 5.7 and z = 6.6 favors a low ionizing escape fraction,

, for galaxies in the range

. However, uncertainties and possible systematics in the observations do not allow for firm conclusions. We predict Hα and rest-frame visible continuum observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and show that it will be able to detect extended (a few tens of kiloparsecs) fluorescent Hα emission powered by ionizing photons escaping from a bright,

, galaxy. Such observations could differentiate fluorescent emission from nebular emission by satellite sources. We discuss how observations and stacking several objects may provide unique constraints on the escape fraction for faint galaxies and/or the abundance of ultra-faint radiation sources.
Morphological Segregation in the Surroundings of Cosmic Voids
Authors: Ricciardelli Elena , Cava Antonio , Varela Jesus , Tamone Amelie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We explore the morphology of galaxies living in the proximity of cosmic voids, using a sample of voids identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. At all stellar masses, void galaxies exhibit morphologies of a later type than galaxies in a control sample, which represent galaxies in an average density environment. We interpret this trend as a pure environmental effect, independent of the mass bias, due to a slower galaxy build-up in the rarefied regions of voids. We confirm previous findings about a clear segregation in galaxy morphology, with galaxies of a later type being found at smaller void-centric distances with respect to the early-type galaxies. We also show, for the first time, that the radius of the void has an impact on the evolutionary history of the galaxies that live within it or in its surroundings. In fact, an enhanced fraction of late-type galaxies is found in the proximity of voids larger than the median void radius. Likewise, an excess of early-type galaxies is observed within or around voids of a smaller size. A significant difference in galaxy properties in voids of different sizes is observed up to 2 R
void, which we define as the region of influence of voids. The significance of this difference is greater than 3σ for all the volume-complete samples considered here. The fraction of star-forming galaxies shows the same behavior as the late-type galaxies, but no significant difference in stellar mass is observed in the proximity of voids of different sizes.
Probing the Cold Dust Emission in the AB Aur Disk: A Dust Trap in a Decaying Vortex?*
Authors: Fuente Asunción , Baruteau Clément , Neri Roberto , Carmona Andrés , Agúndez Marcelino , Goicoechea Javier R. , Bachiller Rafael , Cernicharo José , Berné Olivier 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
One serious challenge for planet formation is the rapid inward drift of pebble-sized dust particles in protoplanetary disks. Dust trapping at local maxima in the disk gas pressure has received much theoretical attention but still lacks observational support. The cold dust emission in the AB Aur disk forms an asymmetric ring at a radius of about 120 au, which is suggestive of dust trapping in a gas vortex. We present high spatial resolution (0.″58 × 0.″78 ≈ 80 × 110 au) NOEMA observations of the 1.12 mm and 2.22 mm dust continuum emission from the AB Aur disk. Significant azimuthal variations of the flux ratio at both wavelengths indicate a size segregation of the large dust particles along the ring. Our continuum images also show that the intensity variations along the ring are smaller at 2.22 mm than at 1.12 mm, contrary to what dust trapping models with a gas vortex have predicted. Our two-fluid (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations demonstrate that this feature is well explained if the gas vortex has started to decay due to turbulent diffusion, and dust particles are thus losing the azimuthal trapping on different timescales depending on their size. The comparison between our observations and simulations allows us to constrain the size distribution and the total mass of solid particles in the ring, which we find to be of the order of 30 Earth masses, enough to form future rocky planets.
Knowledge Management Systems Based on Topic Maps Theory
Authors: Buřita L. , Halouzka K. , Malý V. , Ondryhal V. 
Published: August 2017

The aim of the paper is to summarize the experience gained from the research and the constructions of the Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) based on the ontology engineering. Computational ontologies are the means to formally model the structure of a system, to discover the entities and relations that emerge from its observation, and which are useful to the system purposes. In our projects, we utilize the Topic Maps Theory and the tools based on this technology (e.g. ATOM2). The key point of the solution is the ontology development; our methodology procedure is presented; the improvement of the methodology and the future research goals are oriented to automate the procedure steps. During the process, the text mining tools (e.g. TOVEK) and other analytical tools are used. At the end of the paper, the summary of the experience with the methodology application is presented.
Les États de Languedoc et la mort de Concini
Authors: Jouanna Arlette 
Published: August 2017

Le 2 juin 1617, les États de Languedoc témoignent à Louis XIII la joie qu’ils éprouvent à l’annonce de la mort du maréchal d’Ancre : Dieu l’a heureusement conduit au gouvernement absolu de son royaume. Puis, d’un même élan, ils refusent de lui accorder les 180 000 livres qu’il leur avait demandées. Cette démarche suggère l’ambiguïté qui entoure encore la notion de pouvoir absolu : aux yeux des membres de l’assemblée, Concini en incarnait le versant autoritaire ; son élimination, en supprimant l’écran qui séparait le souverain de ses sujets, annonce, espèrent-ils, un « gouvernement absolu » qui serait à l’écoute de la parole des gouvernés. En cela l’exécution de Concini a été une première journée des Dupes.
Louis le Juste, prince d’émotion
Authors: Teyssandier Bernard 
Published: August 2017

Il existe bien une image héritée de Louis xiii et de son règne que Saint-Simon, dans le Parallèle des trois premiers rois Bourbons, tente de remodeler au nom de la vérité et de la grandeur de l’histoire. Or cette peinture affective et expressive qui se construit et se cristallise au Grand Siècle, notamment à travers les nombreux portraits de Louis xiii , n’est pas seulement imputable à la médisance des méchants, à l’ignorance de la rumeur ou, comme le laisse encore entendre le mémorialiste, à l’injustice des hommes. Au lendemain du coup d’État du 24 avril 1617, le monarque de seize ans œuvre lui-même à sa propre représentation en légitimant l’idée d’un roi d’émotion.
Le Royaume enchanté
Authors: Amstutz Delphine 
Published: August 2017

Le coup d’État du 24 avril 1617 marque l’invention d’un nouveau personnage littéraire : le favori. Dès 1617, des fictions narratives transposent sous le voile de l’allégorie la funeste destinée de Concini et légitime, par leur discours pathétique et leur visée eschatologique, le geste royal. Cependant, à mesure que l’écho de l’événement s’éloigne, les romans prennent une tournure plus critique et déjouent les ressorts du discours et de l’interprétation historiographiques officiels. En tressant les strates temporelles, en entrelaçant fiction et référence historique, ils forgent de nouveaux concepts politiques et dessinent des filiations historiques significatives.
La renonciation au référentiel comptable international : Une contribution au débat controversé sur les bienfaits systématiques des IFRS
Authors: Bessieux-Ollier Corinne , Walliser Élisabeth 
Published: August 2017

Cet article s’inscrit dans le débat controversé relatif aux bienfaits des IFRS. En particulier, il se penche sur les motivations des entreprises françaises ayant fait le choix d’abandonner les normes IFRS après leur transfert d’Euronext à Alternext. Les résultats révèlent que le retour au référentiel français est vécu comme un soulagement, un retour à l’autonomie et à la stabilité. Ce choix résulte d’une conjonction d’opportunités et peut être qualifié « d’affectif ». Ces entreprises ont vécu les IFRS comme une contrainte et reconnaissent une nostalgie des normes françaises.
Enseignant-chercheur au féminin : la place des femmes dans les universités
Authors: Drucker-Godard Carole , Fouque Thierry , Gollety Mathilde , Le Flanchec Alice 
Published: August 2017

Cet article étudie la place des femmes dans les universités françaises. A partir d’une étude menée auprès de 1956 enseignants-chercheurs, nous confirmons l’existence d’un « plafond de verre » et la difficulté des femmes à devenir Professeur. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que les hommes sont globalement plus satisfaits dans leur travail que les femmes. Les femmes sont moins impliquées (envers leur université et leur métier) que les hommes lorsqu’elles sont Maîtres de Conférences, mais la tendance s’inverse ou se réduit lorsqu’elles deviennent Professeurs. Ces résultats sont approfondis par l’analyse qualitative de verbatim centrés sur la manière dont les femmes envisagent leur progression au sein de leur institution.
Study of Au-CeO2 Nano-particles using analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Gu P. , Yang G. , Klie R.F. 
Published: August 2017

Cerium oxide doped with various rare earth metals is often used as a support for nano-sized gold particles, and demonstrates to be a promising catalyst for the water gas shift reaction at low temperatures. Many factors are hypothesized to affect the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst, including its loading with gold, the rare-earth dopant, the support and Au particle size, and leaching of the sample. In this study, we examined several Au/CeO2-based catalyst samples, including 2.4% Au/(Ce,Gd)O2, 1.8% Au/(Ce,La)O2 leached, 0.5% Au/(Ce,Gd)O2 leached, and 0.75% Au/CeO2 utilizing analytical transmission electron microscopy. The effects of Au and rare-earth doping on the ceria lattice parameter were investigated, and it was determined that there are no significant variations in the particle's structure or lattice-spacing. Furthermore, the particle sizes of each of the four samples were investigated concluding that although the 1.8% Au/(Ce,La)O2 leached sample has a slightly larger particle size, and the 2.4% Au/(Ce,Gd)O2 sample has a slightly smaller particle size, the differentiation is not adequate to be accountable for the radical distinction in catalytic activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of YB66 Nanowires
Authors: Tan S. , Jash P. , Trenary M. 
Published: August 2017

The objective of the current research is to synthesize yttrium boride (YB66) nanowires. Catalyst assisted growth of the nanowires under the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis method was performed in a quartz tube furnace. The pyrolysis of diborane (B2H6) gas over yttrium oxide (Y2O3) powders with a thermally coated layer of nickel catalyst was carried out. The reaction conditions were at 925o C and a pressure of 390 mTorr with varying reaction times. SEM analysis has shown the growth of nanowires with diameters around 400 nm. A catalyst particle was also seen at the tip of the nanowires, confirming growth by the VLS mechanism. Other analysis techniques that were used include Raman spectroscopy and TEM analysis. The Raman spectra of the nanowires were in good agreement with a Raman spectrum obtained on a YB66 single crystal. However, no other evidence was obtained that the nanowires contained yttrium or that the nanowires consisted of YB66.