bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between degree of obstruction and airflow limitation in subglottic stenosis
Authors: Lin Emily L. , Bock Jonathan M. , Zdanski Carlton J. , Kimbell Julia S. , Garcia Guilherme J. M. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesSubglottic stenosis (SGS) is one of the most common airway disorders in pediatric patients. Currently, treatment decisions rely primarily on the Cotton‐Myer scale, which classifies SGS severity based on percentage reduction in airspace cross‐sectional area (CSA). However, the precise relationship between upper airway resistance and subglottic CSA is unknown. We hypothesize that airway resistance can be described by the Bernoulli Obstruction Theory, which predicts that airway resistance is inversely proportional to airspace CSA (
) in cases of severe constriction.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scans of six healthy subjects and five SGS patients were used to create three‐dimensional models of the respiratory tract from nostrils to carina. Cylindrical segments of varying lengths and varying diameters were digitally inserted in the subglottis of the healthy subjects to create simulated SGS models. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were run, and airway resistance was computed in the simulated SGS models and actual SGS models.ResultsConstriction diameter had a greater impact in airway resistance than constriction length. In agreement with the Bernoulli Obstruction Theory, airway resistance in the simulated SGS models was well represented by the power law
, where
is a constant and the exponent b ranged from −0.85 to −1.07. The percentage reduction in airflow
at a constant pressure drop was found to be directly proportional to the percentage reduction in CSA
in the limit of severe constrictions, namely
, where
. Airway resistances in the simulated SGS models were similar to resistances in models based on CT scans of actual SGS patients, suggesting that our simulated SGS models were representative of airway resistance in actual SGS patients.ConclusionOur computer simulations suggest that the degree of airflow limitation in SGS patients may be estimated based on anatomic measurements alone. Future studies are recommended to test these predictions in larger cohorts.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1551–1557, 2018
Investigation of the presence of HPV on KTP laser fibers following KTP laser treatment of papilloma
Authors: Dodhia Sonam , Baxter Peter C. , Ye Fei , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis is often treated with in‐office laser procedures using a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser transmitted through a laser fiber. Although effective, this procedure has notable downsides, including the possibility of transmitting human papillomavirus (HPV) in the smoke plume and the high cost of these single‐use fibers. The objective of this study is to determine if HPV can be detected on a laser fiber after use, with or without sterilization.MethodsTwelve patients with laryngeal papillomas were treated with KTP laser energy transmitted via a KTP fiber. Ten fibers were sterilized in CIDEX (ASP, Irvine, California), a glutaraldehyde disinfectant, for 12 minutes, whereas two fibers were left unsterilized. Human papillomavirus DNA amplification was done on all 12 fiber samples with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using general primer mediated 5+ and 6+. Human papillomavirus genotyping detection was done using type specific probes and/or Sanger sequencing.ResultsOver 27 strains of HPV were not detected on KTP fibers after use, with or without sterilization.ConclusionHuman papillomavirus was undetectable by PCR on KTP laser fibers that were sterilized or unsterilized after use. Further studies are needed utilizing a transmission model to determine if HPV can be incubated from this fiber after sterilization.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:926–928, 2018
Does the diameter of the stapes prosthesis really matter? A prospective clinical study
Authors: Bernardeschi Daniele , De Seta Daniele , Canu Giuseppina , Russo Francesca Yoshie , Ferrary Evelyne , Lahlou Ghizlene , Sterkers Olivier 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the influence of the diameter of stapes prosthesis on functional outcomes in stapes surgery.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsFifty consecutive small fenestra stapedotomies performed using a 0.4‐mm‐diameter prosthesis were compared with 50 consecutive small fenestra stapedotomies carried out using a 0.6‐mm‐diameter piston. Audiological assessment following the recommendations of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium was performed 1 month after surgery. Postoperative complications between the two groups were noted.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in demographic data between the two groups, and no differences in preoperative bone‐conduction (BC) or air‐conduction (AC) hearing thresholds for all frequencies (analysis of variance [ANOVA] and χ2 tests). No differences were found in the mean preoperative BC and AC pure‐tone average and air‐bone gap (ABG). In the postoperative evaluation, a statistically significant difference was found for the mean AC gain (20 ± 8.7 vs. 24 ± 11.5, P = .042, ANOVA) as well as for the postoperative AC threshold at 0.125 and 0.25 kHz and the postoperative BC threshold at 0.25 kHz (P < .01, ANOVA). A postoperative ABG ≤10 dB was obtained in 90% and 94% of patients in the 0.4‐mm‐ and 0.6‐mm‐diameter piston groups, respectively (difference not significant, χ2 test). No postoperative dead ear and/or sensorineural hearing loss was noted in either group.ConclusionsThe 0.6‐mm piston allowed a statistically significant higher AC gain compared with the 0.4‐mm diameter piston. A larger diameter piston may be preferable if there are no anatomical or technical reasons that would favor a smaller prosthesis.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 1922–1926, 2018
Broadening the Photoresponse to Near‐Infrared Region by Cooperating Fullerene and Nonfullerene Acceptors for High Performance Ternary Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jinyan , Liu Hao , Wang Zhaoyang , Bai Yiming , Liu Lin , Wang Fuzhi , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTernary polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on multiple materials with level matching and complementary absorptions are regarded as an efficient way to overcome the light‐harvesting restriction to surpass high‐performance binary PSCs. This study introduces the third component, nonfullerene acceptor IEICO, into binary PSC‐based PBDTBDD:PC71BM to fabricate ternary PSC with one donor and two acceptors. By carefully tuning the third component ratio and cathode engineering, the resulting ternary PSC shows a power conversion efficiency of 10.51%, greatly improved in comparison with binary PSCs‐based PBDTBDD:PC71BM (7.86%) and PBDTBDD:IEICO (5.19%). In addition to extended light absorption, the third component IEICO could accelerate charge‐carrier transfer, decrease charge recombination, and increase electron collection, resulting from cascade energy levels, and ameliorate the device morphology to increase the contact area of the active layer and cathode buffer layer. This work demonstrates that ternary PSC incorporated with IEICO is a promising structure for producing high performance PSCs.
Bounds for the decay of the entries in inverses and Cauchy–Stieltjes functions of certain sparse, normal matrices
Authors: Frommer Andreas , Schimmel Claudia , Schweitzer Marcel 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIt is known that in many functions of banded and, more generally, sparse Hermitian positive definite matrices, the entries exhibit a rapid decay away from the sparsity pattern. This is particularly true for the inverse, and based on results for the inverse, bounds for Cauchy–Stieltjes functions of Hermitian positive definite matrices have recently been obtained. We add to the known results by considering certain types of normal matrices, for which fewer and typically less satisfactory results exist so far. Starting from a very general estimate based on approximation properties of Chebyshev polynomials on ellipses, we obtain as special cases insightful decay bounds for various classes of normal matrices, including (shifted) skew‐Hermitian and Hermitian indefinite matrices. In addition, some of our results improve over known bounds when applied to the Hermitian positive definite case.
“Hosting” an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: A phenomenological inquiry
Authors: Garrino Lorenza , Borraccino Alberto , Peraudo Enrico , Bobbio Marco , Dimonte Valerio 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) can reduce unexpected cardiac mortality, but they also have a dramatic impact on a patient's quality of life. We aimed to explore ICD recipients’ experiences in order to foster improvements in the quality of care. Analyses were done using a descriptive phenomenological method, based on qualitative interview data from a purposive sample of 20 ICD recipients. Four main themes emerged: living with fear; relying on technology; knowing about the ICD and how to live with it; and coping with the effects of the ICD on daily life. ICD recipients lived in a constant state of fear due to the presence of the device and the uncertainty related to the potential electrical shocks it could deliver. This fear was compounded by changes that severely affected the quality of their daily life. ICD recipients felt they were always on the brink of death, and that although they received sufficient technical information they did not feel they received meaningful information to help them accept, live with, and cope with the device. Emotional information and support, rather than technical information, must be provided to ICD recipients to give them the ability to cope with the everyday threats they perceive because of the device. Qualitative evidence may help professionals tackle known threats to patients’ quality of life and increase the quality of care.
Pilocytic astrocytoma with leptomeningeal spread in a patient with incontinentia pigmenti presenting with unilateral nystagmus
Authors: Bayart Cheryl B. , Ishak Gisele E. , Finn Laura S. , Lee Amy , Baran Francine , Sun Angela , Gupta Deepti , Vitanza Nicholas A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in IKBKG, leading to functional loss of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐ĸB). We report the case of a 6‐month‐old female child with IP who presented with unilateral nystagmus and was found to have a pilocytic astrocytoma with leptomeningeal spread. Enhanced understanding of the relationship between NF‐ĸB, along with its upstream regulators, and tumorigenesis may shed light on whether a subset of patients with IP may be at increased risk for neoplasia.
Prescription drug use in pregnancy and variations according to prior psychiatric history
Authors: Ingstrup Katja G. , Liu Xiaoqin , Gasse Christiane , Debost Jean‐Christophe P. , Munk‐Olsen Trine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposePrescription drug use during pregnancy has increased during the past decades. However, little is known about prescription drug use for high‐risk pregnancies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of redeemed prescriptions in Danish pregnant women with and without previous psychiatric history.MethodsA Danish population‐based descriptive study of 981 392 pregnancies ending in live‐born singletons by 586 988 women aged 15 to 55 years between 1997 and 2012, of which 113 449 (11.6%) pregnancies were by women with a psychiatric history prior to the index pregnancy. All prescription drugs redeemed during pregnancy were identified, and dispensing patterns among the women were reported by therapeutic classes of drugs, calendar year of childbirth, and trimester.ResultsOverall, women with psychiatric history prior to pregnancy were more likely to fill a prescription (75.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 75.5‐76.0%), compared with women with no psychiatric history (64.5%; 95% CI, 64.4‐64.6%). The difference was observed even when psychotropic drug use was excluded and in all therapeutic classes except for antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs. The most commonly prescribed drugs were anti‐infectives. Approximately 44.7% (95% CI, 44.5‐45.0%) of women with psychiatric history and 31.3% (95% CI, 31.2‐31.4%) of women with no psychiatric history redeemed more than one therapeutic class of drugs.ConclusionsWomen with a psychiatric history were more likely to redeem prescriptions during pregnancy across almost all drug classes, especially anti‐infectives. Two thirds of all women redeemed at least one prescription drug during pregnancy and one third more than one drug class.KEY POINTS

We mapped prescription drug use of almost 600 000 women during almost one million pregnancies with focus on women with a history of psychiatric disorder before conception compared with women with no such history.
Pregnant women with a previous psychiatric disorder were more likely to redeem prescription drugs compared with pregnant women without a previous psychiatric disorder. The observed overall difference was not due to obvious differences in psychotropic drug use.
The difference was evident across calendar years, all trimesters, and almost all drug classes, but to a large extent in anti‐infectives, among those mainly antibiotics.
Two thirds of pregnant women redeemed prescription drugs during pregnancy, and one third redeemed more than one drug class.
Health professionals should be aware of comorbid conditions requiring multiple drug use during pregnancy with the risk of unknown fetal effects.
Risk of acute myocardial infarction with real‐world NSAIDs depends on dose and timing of exposure
Authors: Bally Michèle , Beauchamp Marie‐Eve , Abrahamowicz Michal , Nadeau Lyne , Brophy James M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeReal‐life use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is dynamic. This study aimed to characterize the temporal association between time‐varying NSAID exposure and acute myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsNested case‐control analyses were conducted on a Quebec administrative health cohort. NSAID dose, confounders, and outcome status were determined for each day of follow‐up. To better account for dose and timing of past exposures, flexible weighted cumulative exposure models were also fitted.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 233 816 older adults including 21 256 acute MI cases. Dose‐related increased risks of MI were found with current use of all NSAIDs. In models not accounting for duration of use, ORs (95%CI) for the most common current daily dose vs. no current exposure were: celecoxib 200 mg: 1.16 (1.10, 1.22), diclofenac 150 mg: 1.59 (1.38, 1.84), ibuprofen 1200 mg: 1.42 (1.17, 1.74), naproxen 750 mg: 1.38 (1.21, 1.58), and rofecoxib 25 mg: 1.54 (1.43, 1.66). Weighted cumulative exposure models confirmed that all NSAIDs—including naproxen—are associated with an increased risk of MI and suggested that doses taken up to 3 weeks ago for rofecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen and up to 75 days ago for diclofenac and celecoxib may contribute to the current MI risk. However, the celecoxib risk seems to require continuous use for more than 30 days, whereas for other NSAIDs, a heightened MI risk occurs within 7 days.ConclusionsWeighted cumulative exposure analysis uncovered NSAID‐specific differences in the immediate MI risk and how this risk seems to accumulate.KEY POINTS

Accurate assessment of drug safety requires an etiologically correct model encompassing all relevant aspects of exposure.
Weighted cumulative exposure models suggest that the relative importance of past doses on the risk of MI differs among NSAIDs.
All common NSAIDs are associated with an increased MI risk.
Celecoxib MI risk seems to depend on continuously using the drug for more than 30 days, whereas for ibuprofen, rofecoxib, diclofenac, and naproxen, a heightened MI risk occurs within 7 days of use.
Ni@Ru and NiCo@Ru Core–Shell Hexagonal Nanosandwiches with a Compositionally Tunable Core and a Regioselectively Grown Shell
Authors: Hwang Hyeyoun , Kwon Taehyun , Kim Ho Young , Park Jongsik , Oh Aram , Kim Byeongyoon , Baik Hionsuck , Joo Sang Hoon , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of highly active electrocatalysts is crucial for the advancement of renewable energy conversion devices. The design of core–shell nanoparticle catalysts represents a promising approach to boost catalytic activity as well as save the use of expensive precious metals. Here, a simple, one‐step synthetic route is reported to prepare hexagonal nanosandwich‐shaped Ni@Ru core–shell nanoparticles (Ni@Ru HNS), in which Ru shell layers are overgrown in a regioselective manner on the top and bottom, and around the center section of a hexagonal Ni nanoplate core. Notably, the synthesis can be extended to NiCo@Ru core–shell nanoparticles with tunable core compositions (Ni3Cox@Ru HNS). Core–shell HNS structures show superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to a commercial RuO2 black catalyst, with their OER activity being dependent on their core compositions. The observed trend in OER activity is correlated to the population of Ru oxide (Ru4+) species, which can be modulated by the core compositions.
Growth of Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Microbelts
Authors: Li Jun , Gao Zhaoshun , Ke Xiaoxing , Lv Yangyang , Zhang Huili , Chen Wei , Tian Wanghao , Sun Hancong , Jiang Sai , Zhou Xianjing , Zuo Tingting , Xiao Liye , Sui Manling , Tong Shengfu , Tang Daiming , Da Bo , Yamaura Kazunari , Tu Xuecou , Li Yun , Shi Yi , Chen Jian , Jin Biaobing , Kang Lin , Xu Weiwei , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBlack phosphorus nanobelts are fabricated with a one‐step solid–liquid–solid reaction method under ambient pressure, where red phosphorus is used as the precursor instead of white phosphorus. The thickness of the as‐fabricated nanobelts ranges from micrometers to tens of nanometers as studied by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction indicate that the nanobelts have the composition and the structure of black phosphorus, transmission electron microscopy reveals a typical layered structure stacked along the b‐axis, and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the doping of bismuth into the black phosphorus structure. The nanobelt can be directly measured in scanning tunneling microscopy in ambient conditions.
Wavelength Division Multiplexer Based on Semiconductor Heterostructures Constructed via Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Yan Yongli , Ye Jian , Wang Kang , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObtaining a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) at the micro/nanometer level is a considerable challenge that holds great potential in optical communication technology owing to the enlarged data‐carrying capacity without laying more fibers. Of the progress that has been made in recent years, one of the most promising methods is to fabricate nanoscale pattern on silicon substrate, forcing signals of different wavelength to enter predesigned channels due to the alternant changes in refractive index. However, it is not an easy task to incorporate light sources into these WDM systems, because of the nonradiative characteristics of silicon itself. This study demonstrates a successful integration of laser signal sources and WDM fully with 1D semiconductor structures. Nanowires from II–VI semiconductor serve as both lasing media and low‐loss waveguides for signal loading and delivering, respectively. On the basis of the distinct size‐dependent cut‐off effect, finely tuning the diameters of homojunctions would result in a controllable filtering of confined signal that light, beyond cut‐off wavelength, cannot transfer within the narrowed segments any longer. These results pave the way for semiconductor photonic components toward integration.
Architecting Graphene Oxide Rolled‐Up Micromotors: A Simple Paper‐Based Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Baptista‐Pires Luis , Orozco Jahir , Guardia Pablo , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA graphene oxide rolled‐up tube production process is reported using wax‐printed membranes for the fabrication of on‐demand engineered micromotors at different levels of oxidation, thickness, and lateral dimensions. The resultant graphene oxide rolled‐up tubes can show magnetic and catalytic movement within the addition of magnetic nanoparticles or sputtered platinum in the surface of graphene‐oxide‐modified wax‐printed membranes prior to the scrolling process. As a proof of concept, the as‐prepared catalytic graphene oxide rolled‐up micromotors are successfully exploited for oil removal from water. This micromotor production technology relies on an easy, operator‐friendly, fast, and cost‐efficient wax‐printed paper‐based method and may offer a myriad of hybrid devices and applications.
Extremely Small Pyrrhotite Fe7S8 Nanocrystals with Simultaneous Carbon‐Encapsulation for High‐Performance Na–Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Min‐Jae , Kim Jongsoon , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Yim Soonmin , Jeon Jaebeom , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNa/FeSx batteries have remarkable potential applicability due to their high theoretical capacity and cost‐effectiveness. However, realization of high power‐capability and long‐term cyclability remains a major challenge. Herein, ultrafine Fe7S8@C nanocrystals (NCs) as a promising anode material for a Na–ion battery that addresses the above two issues simultaneously is reported. An Fe7S8 core with quantum size (≈10 nm) overcomes the kinetic and thermodynamic constraints of the Na‐S conversion reaction. In addition, the high degree of interconnection through carbon shells improves the electronic transport along the structure. As a result, the Fe7S8@C NCs electrode achieves excellent power capability of 550 mA h g−1 (≈79% retention of its theoretical capacity) at a current rate of 2700 mA g−1. Furthermore, a conformal carbon shell acts as a buffer layer to prevent severe volume change, which provides outstanding cyclability of ≈447 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles (≈71% retention of the initial charge capacity).
Functional Carbon Quantum Dots: A Versatile Platform for Chemosensing and Biosensing
Authors: Feng Hui , Qian Zhaosheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon quantum dot has emerged as a new promising fluorescent nanomaterial due to its excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility and accessible fabrication methods, and has shown huge application perspective in a variety of areas, especially in chemosensing and biosensing applications. In this personal account, we give a brief overview of carbon quantum dots from its origin and preparation methods, present some advance on fluorescence origin of carbon quantum dots, and focus on development of chemosensors and biosensors based on functional carbon quantum dots. Comprehensive advances on functional carbon quantum dots as a versatile platform for sensing from our group are included and summarized as well as some typical examples from the other groups. The biosensing applications of functional carbon quantum dots are highlighted from selective assays of enzyme activity to fluorescent identification of cancer cells and bacteria.