bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘ALSO MEIN ALLERLIEBSTER REDETTE IHRE SAPHO MIT DEM KRIEGE’: LITERARY ROLE‐PLAY IN THE WAR POETRY OF ANNA LOUISA KARSCH
Authors: Pilsworth Ellen 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAnna Louisa Karsch stylised herself as an uneducated peasant poet possessing natural genius, moved by her ʻfeminineʼ passions and ignorant of literary conventions. As a result of her successful self‐presentation, until recently scholars have not fully grasped the ways in which she engaged in literary role‐play in her poems – instead often reading her works autobiographically or as statements of authentic personal feeling. By demonstrating some of the contradicting viewpoints her poems express on the topic of the ongoing Seven Yearsʼ War, this article should prove two things. Firstly, that Karsch was acutely aware of poetic techniques and genre conventions, employing and citing a variety of literary traditions; and secondly, that by playing different literary roles in her poems, making use of classical, biblical and popular genres, she approaches the topic of war from a variety of perspectives that cannot be reduced to one of simple patriotism, as has been done by most Karsch scholars since her lifetime. In short, I argue that the ʻvoicesʼ in her poems should not be automatically conflated with the authorʼs own.Die schlesische Bäuerin Anna Louisa Karsch hat sich als ungebildetes ʻweiblichesʼ Naturgenie präsentiert, das seine dichterische Inspiration der Natur und den Siegen Friedrichs des Großen verdankte. Infolge dieser höchst erfolgreichen Selbstpräsentation ist Karsch von der Wissenschaft lange Zeit unterschätzt worden. Ihre mannigfaltigen literarischen Rollenspiele und Selbstinszenierungen sind bisher kaum erforscht worden. Stattdessen werden ihre Gedichte oft reduktiv als Autobiographie verstanden. In diesem Artikel soll im Gegenteil belegt werden, wie sie literarische Konventionen aus der Klassik, der Bibel und dem populären Kriegsdiskurs verwendete, um völlig unterschiedliche Meinungen zum aktuellen Thema des Siebenjährigen Krieges auszudrücken. Wie in der Untersuchung gezeigt wird, resultieren diese verschiedenen Meinungen oft aus der literarischen Rolle, die gerade gespielt wird, und können nicht als ʻauthentischeʼ Ansichten der Autorin selbst gelten, auch wenn sie so inszeniert werden.
In vitro microbicidal, anti‐biofilm and cytotoxic effects of different commercial antiseptics
Authors: Ortega‐Peña Silvestre , Hidalgo‐González Christian , Robson Martin C , Krötzsch Edgar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTopical antiseptics are widely used for wound treatment, with the goal of disrupting biofilm capacity. We analysed the effectiveness of a variety of antiseptics to inhibit various stages of biofilm formation and to remove biofilms in vitro as well as the agents' cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts. We found that the chlorine‐releasing agents exhibited immediate anti‐biofilm effects in the short term, with lesser cytotoxicity than agents prepared from more stable compounds, such as biguanide or modified diallyl disulfide‐oxide, which, conversely, have better long‐term effectiveness. Among the examined organisms, Gram‐positive bacteria and Candida albicans were the most sensitive to the antiseptics, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were relatively resistant to them. Formulations whose mechanisms of action involve the release of chemically active chlorine were more effective when administered in solution than the gel form, likely because of the stability of the active ingredients during or after preparation of the formula. Interestingly, hypochlorous acid and some superoxidation solutions were effective in preventing biofilm formation within a short time period and showed virtually no toxicity. Our study indicates that most antiseptics remain effective long enough to prevent biofilm formation; thus, even brief application of an antiseptic agent during initial wound treatment can lead to better wound management outcomes.
Controversies and challenges in the management of chronic urticaria
Authors: Staubach P. , Zuberbier T. , Vestergaard C. , Siebenhaar F. , Toubi E. , Sussman G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis supplement reports proceedings of the second international Global Urticaria Forum, which was held in Berlin, Germany in November 2015. Despite the clear international guideline, there remain a number of controversies and challenges in the management of patients with chronic urticaria (CU). As a result of major advancements in urticaria over the past 4 years, the current EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO urticaria guideline treatment algorithm requires updating. Case studies from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) [also called chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU)], chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) or diseases and syndromes related to CU are useful in describing and exploring challenges in disease management. Case studies of specific CSU patient populations such as children with CU or patients with angio‐edema but no hives also require consideration as potentially challenging groups with unmet needs. The current EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO urticaria guideline provides a general framework for the management of patients with CU but, as these cases highlight, a personalized approach based on the expert knowledge of the physician may be required.
Unexpected findings and promoting monocausal claims, a cautionary tale
Authors: Copeland Samantha Marie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStories of serendipitous discoveries in medicine incorrectly imply that the path from an unexpected observation to major discovery is straightforward or guaranteed. In this paper, I examine a case from the field of research about chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In Norway, an unexpected positive result during clinical care has led to the development of a research programme into the potential for the immunosuppressant drug rituximab to relieve the symptoms of CFS. The media and public have taken up researchers' speculations that their research results indicate a causal mechanism for CFS – consequently, patients now have great hope that ‘the cause’ of CFS has been found, and thus, a cure is sure to follow. I argue that a monocausal claim cannot be correctly asserted, either on the basis of the single case of an unexpected, although positive, result or on the basis of the empirical research that has followed up on that result. Further, assertion and promotion of this claim will have specific harmful effects: it threatens to inappropriately narrow the scope of research on CFS, might misdirect research altogether, and could directly and indirectly harm patients. Therefore, the CFS case presents a cautionary tale, illustrating the risks involved in drawing a theoretical hypothesis from an unexpected observation. Further, I draw attention to the tendency in contemporary clinical research with CFS to promote new research directions on the basis of reductive causal models of that syndrome. Particularly, in the case of CFS research, underdetermination and causal complexity undermine the potential value of a monocausal claim. In sum, when an unexpected finding occurs in clinical practice or medical research, the value of following up on that finding is to be found not in the projected value of a singular causal relationship inferred from the finding but rather in the process of research that follows.
Therapy of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Conze Theresa , Wehrend Axel , Exner Cornelia , Kaminiarz André 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) was presented for anuria. Examination revealed calcium oxalate concrements in the bladder. A cystotomy was performed, and a therapy with alfuzosin was conducted. Over 1 year after the treatment, the rhesus macaque had not shown any more signs of stranguria. This is the first case reporting the successful treatment of urolithiasis in a rhesus macaque.
State‐Space beyond Territory: Wormholes, Gravitational Fields, and Entanglement
Authors: Neep Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeo‐Weberian historical sociology and political science establishes that territory is a defining feature of the modern state. Drawing on insights from political geography, I argue that ‘territory’ is not a pre‐existing physical location, but aneffectproduced by state practices and technologies. The spatial fetish of territory, moreover, distracts analytical attention from the equally importantnon‐territorialdimensions of the state. To map these new and unfamiliar dimensions, I propose three analogies from the study of physics ‐ wormholes, gravitational fields, and quantum entanglement ‐ as powerful conceptual devices with the potential to reorient social scientists towards a fuller understanding of state‐space.
Intuitive and Deliberative Empathizers and Systemizers
Authors: Svedholm‐Häkkinen Annika M. , Lindeman Marjaana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveRecent findings suggest there may be some overlap between individual differences in orientations for intuitive thinking and empathizing, and between deliberative thinking and systemizing. This overlap is surprising, given that intuitive and deliberative thinking derive from dual‐process theories that concern domain‐general types of processing, whereas theoretically, empathizing and systemizing are domain‐specific orientations for understanding people and lawful physical phenomena.MethodThe present studies (Study 1: N = 2,789, Study 2: N = 87; Finnish volunteers ages 15–69, 65% females) analyzed each of these four constructs using self‐report as well as performance measures.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed that systemizing was strongly and positively related to deliberative thinking and negatively related to intuitive thinking. Empathizing was negatively related to deliberative thinking, whereas no association between empathizing and intuition was found. However, some deliberative aspects and some intuitive aspects were involved in empathizing.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that a distinction between “intuitive empathizing” and “deliberative systemizing” is not warranted.
Preparation and in-vitro/in-vivo evaluation of curcumin nanosuspension with solubility enhancement
Authors: Li Xin , Yuan Huiling , Zhang Caiyun , Chen Weidong , Cheng Weiye , Chen Xin , Ye Xi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
We developed Cur nanosuspension (Cur-NS) with PVPK30 and SDS as stabilizers to improve poor water solubility and short biological half-time of Cur.

Methods
Physicochemical characterization of Cur-NS was characterized systematically. The in-vitro dissolution, cytotoxicity and in-vivo pharmacokinetic experiments of Cur-NS were also evaluated.

Key findings
Scanning electron microscope indicated that the morphologies of Cur-NS were spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. X-ray diffraction verified that Cur was successfully developed as nanoparticles with an amorphous phase in Cur-NS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested there was no degradation about Cur in the Cur-NS. Furthermore, the in-vitro study showed that the cumulative release of the Cur-NS was 82.16 ± 2.62% within 34 h and the cytotoxicity of the Cur-NS against HepG2 cells was much better than raw Cur. Besides, in-vivo pharmacokinetics in rats by intravenous injection displayed that the in-vivo process of Cur-NS pertained to two-compartment model. Meanwhile, the t1/2 and AUC0–t of Cur-NS were enhanced by 11.0-fold and 4.2-fold comparing to Cur solution.

Conclusions
The Cur-NS significantly increased the water solubility and half-time of Cur, suggesting its potential as a nanocarrier in the delivery of Cur for future clinical application.
Bronchodilatory, antitussive and anti-inflammatory effect of morin in the setting of experimentally induced allergic asthma
Authors: Franova Sona , Kazimierova Ivana , Pappova Lenka , Joskova Marta , Plank Lukas , Sutovska Martina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
Using an experimental model of allergic asthma, we evaluated the anti-asthmatic potential of polyphenol flavonol derivate morin after either acute or long-term treatment of male OVA-sensitised guinea pigs.

Methods
The following methods were used in experiments: the in-vitro tracheal smooth muscle contraction induced by histamine; the changes in specific airway resistance (sRaw) to histamine and the sensitivity of a chemically induced cough reflex both via an in-vivo method; the serum and BALF concentrations' analysis of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-4, IL-5, IL-13; and lung tissue infiltration by eosinophils and mastocytes.

Key findings
Our data show that acute morin (30 mg/kg) and chronic 21-day morin (30 mg/kg/day) administration had a comparable antitussive efficiency with opioid antitussive codeine. Acute morin bronchodilatory activity defined by in-vivo sRaw decline did not reach SABA salbutamol effect. However, bronchodilatory efficiency of morin after long-term administration was by 34% higher as effect of LABA salmeterol. The 21-day morin treatment of OVA-sensitised guinea pigs reduced the serum, BALF levels of IL-4 and IL-13, lung tissue eosinophil and mastocyte infiltration comparable with corticosteroid budesonide.

Conclusions
In summary, morin represents very rational target for additional studies as potential substance for control as well as prevention of asthma inflammation and symptoms.
Apparent Digestibility Coefficients and Amino Acid Availability of Cricket Meal, Gryllus bimaculatus, and Fishmeal in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Diet
Authors: Taufek Norhidayah M. , Muin Hasniyati , Raji Ameenat A. , Razak Shaharudin A. , Yusof Hanan M. , Alias Zazali 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA study was conducted on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, to examine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein, dry matter, lipid, and energy, and the apparent availability coefficient (AAC) of essential amino acid (EAA) for a cricket meal (CM) diet, Gryllus bimaculatus, and fishmeal (FM). Both diets consisted of 30% isonitrogenous levels with a 70:30 ratio of basal diet to test ingredient. Chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet as an inert marker. The ADCs of crude protein (CP) in CM (81.21%), lipid (89.82%), gross energy (64.42%), and dry matter (73.97%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the value of CP (78.22%), lipid (82.03%), gross energy (56.52%), and dry matter (62.26%) in FM. All EAAs were present in both diets. The AACs for both diets ranged from 0.906 to 0.961 and 0.812 to 0.938 for the CM and FM diets, respectively. The growth performance of fish fed with CM exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio compared with FM. Overall, the results suggest that CM could be included in the African catfish diet without affecting their nutrient and amino acid digestibility as well as growth performance.
Evaluation of Potential Feed Ingredients for the Juvenile Four‐sided Sea Cucumber, Isostichopus badionotus
Authors: Martínez‐Milián Gloria , Olvera‐Novoa Miguel A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate two seaweed species, Solieria filiformis and Macrocytis piryfera, both as dry‐meal powder and predigested meal, to be used as ingredients in artificial diets for the juvenile four‐sided sea cucumber, Isostichopus badionotus. Four diets were tested in triplicate: S. filiformis dry‐meal powder and predigested meal and M. piryfera dry‐meal powder and predigested meal, mixed with 70% of beach sand. Survival exceeded 90% in all the treatments, and there were no differences in the growth of juveniles using dry‐meal powder or predigested meal. Weight gain was calculated for all the diets, and the highest values were obtained by animals fed S. filiformis. No differences between using dry‐meal powder and predigested meal were found, so these diets were excluded from the second trial. The ingestion rate was the same with both algae, but the feed conversion ratio was twice as high for M. piryfera. Solieria filiformis exhibited a number of differences in fatty acid and amino acid profiles, including higher proline, arginine, and saturated fatty acid levels. The results indicate that S. filiformis has better nutritional characteristics to be an ingredient for an artificial I. badionotus juvenile diet.
Acidic pH sensing in the bacterial cytoplasm is required for Salmonella virulence
Authors: Choi Jeongjoon , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: June 2016

SummarypH regulates gene expression, biochemical activities and cellular behaviors. A mildly acidic pH activates the master virulence regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ in the facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The sensor PhoQ harbors an extracytoplasmic domain implicated in signal sensing, and a cytoplasmic domain controlling activation of the regulator PhoP. We now report that, surprisingly, a decrease in Salmonella's own cytoplasmic pH induces transcription of PhoP‐activated genes even when the extracytoplasmic pH remains neutral. Amino acid substitutions in PhoQ's cytoplasmic domain hindered activation by acidic pH and attenuated virulence in mice, but did not abolish activation by low Mg2+ or the antimicrobial peptide C18G. Conversely, removal of PhoQ's extracytoplasmic domains prevented the response to the latter PhoQ‐activating signals but not to acidic pH. PhoP‐dependent genes were minimally induced by acidic pH in the non‐pathogenic species Salmonella bongori but were activated by low Mg2+ and C18G as in pathogenic S. enterica. Our findings indicate that the sensor PhoQ enables S. enterica to respond to both host‐ and bacterial‐derived signals that alter its cytoplasmic pH.
Poor sleep quality is responsible for the nondipper pattern in hypertensive but not in normotensive chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Cheng , Gong Wenyu , Ye Zengchun , Tang Ying , Zhao Wenbo , Peng Hui , Lou Tanqi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThis study was designed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and hypertension and to determine if there was an association between nondipper blood pressure (BP) and sleep quality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.MethodsA total of 775 pre‐dialysis CKD patients (314 normal BP patients, 461 hypertension patients) defined as dippers or nondippers by ambulatory BP monitoring were recruited for this study. Demographics and clinical correlates were collected, including body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other measures. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsA total of 185 (58.9%) patients with normal BP and 341 (74.0%) hypertensive patients had a nondipper BP pattern. The hypertension group had a higher prevalence of the nondipper BP pattern, smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) and lower eGFR levels and poorer sleep quality than the normal BP group. Patients with the nondipper BP pattern had lower haemoglobin, worse renal function and poorer sleep quality when compared with hypertensive CKD patients with the dipping BP pattern. PSQI scores were significantly associated with the rate of nocturnal BP decline (P < 0.05) in the hypertension group but not in the normal BP group. Poor sleep quality was an independent factor affecting BP pattern in hypertensive CKD patients using multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses. There was no association between sleep quality and hypertension in CKD patients after multivariate logistic regression analyses.ConclusionPoor sleep quality, which is commonly observed in pre‐dialysis CKD patients, is an independent associated factor of the nondipper BP pattern in hypertensive CKD patients. No association was found between poor sleep and nondipper BP in normotensive patients.
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonists improve intestinal transit in a murine model of postoperative ileus
Authors: Tsuchiya K. , Kubota K. , Ohbuchi K. , Kaneko A. , Ohno N. , Mase A. , Matsushima H. , Yamamoto M. , Miyano K. , Uezono Y. , Kono T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundStimulation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which abundantly expressed in enterochromaffin cells (ECC), has been reported to exert apparently contradictory results in in vitro contractility and in vivo gastrointestinal (GI) transit evaluations. The pharmaceutical‐grade Japanese traditional medicine daikenchuto (TU‐100) has been reported to be beneficial for postoperative ileus (POI) and accelerate GI transit in animals and humans. TU‐100 was recently shown to increase intestinal blood flow via stimulation of TRPA1 in the epithelial cells of the small intestine (SI).MethodsThe effects of various TRPA1 agonists on motility were examined in a manipulation‐induced murine POI model, in vitro culture of SI segments and an ECC model cell line, RIN‐14B.Key ResultsOrally administered TRPA1 agonists, aryl isothiocyanate (AITC) and cinnamaldehyde (CA), TU‐100 ingredients, [6]‐shogaol (6S) and γ‐sanshool (GS), improved SI transit in a POI model. The effects of AITC, 6S and GS but not CA were abrogated in TRPA1‐deficient mice. SI segments show periodic peristaltic motor activity whose periodicity disappeared in TRPA1‐deficient mice. TU‐100 augmented the motility. AITC, CA and 6S increased 5‐HT release from isolated SI segments and the effects of all these compounds except for CA were lost in TRPA1‐deficient mice. 6S and GS induced a release of 5‐HT from RIN‐14B cells in a dose‐ and TRPA1‐dependent manner.Conclusions & InferencesIntraluminal TRPA1 stimulation is a potential therapeutic strategy for GI motility disorders. Further investigation is required to determine whether 5‐HT and/or ECC are involved in the effect of TRPA1 on motility.
Convergent acclimation of leaf photosynthesis and respiration to prevailing ambient temperatures under current and warmer climates in Eucalyptus tereticornis
Authors: Aspinwall Michael J. , Drake John E. , Campany Courtney , Vårhammar Angelica , Ghannoum Oula , Tissue David T. , Reich Peter B. , Tjoelker Mark G. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Understanding physiological acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration is important in elucidating the metabolic performance of trees in a changing climate. Does physiological acclimation to climate warming mirror acclimation to seasonal temperature changes?

We grew Eucalyptus tereticornis trees in the field for 14 months inside 9‐m tall whole‐tree chambers tracking ambient air temperature (Tair) or ambient Tair + 3°C (i.e. ‘warmed’). We measured light‐ and CO2‐saturated net photosynthesis (Amax) and night‐time dark respiration (R) each month at 25°C to quantify acclimation. Tree growth was measured, and leaf nitrogen (N) and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations were determined to investigate mechanisms of acclimation.

Warming reduced Amax and R measured at 25°C compared to ambient‐grown trees. Both traits also declined as mean daily Tair increased, and did so in a similar way across temperature treatments. Amax and R (at 25°C) both increased as TNC concentrations increased seasonally; these relationships appeared to arise from source–sink imbalances, suggesting potential substrate regulation of thermal acclimation.

We found that photosynthesis and respiration each acclimated equivalently to experimental warming and seasonal temperature change of a similar magnitude, reflecting a common, nearly homeostatic constraint on leaf carbon exchange that will be important in governing tree responses to climate warming.