bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Radio Frequency from Cellular System on Human Body & Its Potential Remedy Li-Fi for Next Generation Wireless Network
Authors: Sharma Pragati , Gautam A. K. 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>There is a huge body of evidence in the literature that exposure to radio frequency (RF) has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes that may have significant health problems for user of mobile phone. Credible scientific evidences are there that RF radiation from cellular system is responsible to create effect that may be either short term (sleep disruption, lack of concentration, behavioral changes etc) or long term (DNA damage, altered immune function, miscarriage risks, etc.). Cellular region of frequency spectrum covers a vital range of frequency worldwide. It uses Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Mobile Station (MS) for its operation therefore the emission of energy from BTS and MS is quite dangerous and needs everyone attention. In second generation systems, BTS works on frequency reuse concept and after few kilometers, we found another BTS to serve the mobile phone. BTS power gets reduced as the distance from BTS to MS increases. At such condition, mobile starts to emit more power to maintain the link and sometimes switches to another nearby BTS area. A new emerging technology, Light- Fidelity (Li-Fi) is in consideration for future use of communication because it is capable to work safe against health hazards. It can be understood as a carrier to transmit data wirelessly in spite of using radio waves.</em><em> </em></p></div><em>In this paper, we tried to check the effects of radio frequency at various conditions. These conditions are studied carefully and a comparative analysis is done (based on available literature) to aware mankind regarding harmful effects of radiation from cellular system on human body and also focus on its proposed remedy to overcome the hazardous effects of electromagnetic radiation.</em>
Assessment of Beach sand using Gamma Ray Spectrometer in Thiruvanathapuram District, Kerala of South India
Authors: Abinesh Ajithra , G. Shanthi 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>It is well recognized fact that some areas of the world have anomalously high levels of natural background radiation referred to as high background radiation areas (HBRAs). Typical examples include Yangjiang in China, Rasmar in Iran and In India, part of coastal areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu fall in this category. It has been established earlier that the cause for this high background is the presence of monazite (thorium). This study focuses on the estimation of the environmental radioactivity levels in the beach sands of </em><em>Thiruvanathapuram district, Kerala. </em><em> </em></p></div><p><em>Using high resolution gamma ray spectroscopy activity concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>238</sup>U &amp; <sup>232</sup>Th were estimated. Activity concentrations ranged from 17-154 Bq/kg for <sup>40</sup>K, from 4 to 100 Bq/kg for <sup>238</sup>U and from 6 to 296 Bq/kg for <sup>232</sup>Th.The mean activity concentration values obtained for the radionuclide are below than the world average values reported by the UNSCEAR. Subsequently assessed radiological effects show that the mean radium equivalent activity is 65 Bq/kg. The range of the calculated air exposure rate was between 14.2 to 228.1 nGy/h in both 0 m from the Waves and 10 m from the Waves. The values of external and internal radiation hazard indices are found to be less than unity. Measured natural radioactivity, hazard indices and effective dose received by the population were found to within the recommended limits. This work provides a good baseline data of natural radioactive elements for the sand of the area and its radiological significance. </em></p>
Effect of temperature on yolk sac utilisation and growth of newly hatched larvae of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Sakthivel M. , Jayakumar R. , Nazar A. K. Abdul , Tamilmani G. , Rameshkumar P. , Kalidas C. , Anbarasu M. , Balamurugan V. , Thiagu R. , Sirajudeen S. , Gopakumar G. 
Published: December 2016

The effect of temperature on the utilisation of yolk-sac and growth in terms of length of the larvae of cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) was investigated. Five temperature levels viz., 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33°C were experimented with the newly hatched larvae for a total duration of 52 hours post-hatch (hph). A clear-cut trend of increase in larval length with increase in temperature was noted. The maximum length recorded was 4.41±0.11 mm at 33°C by the end of the experiment. The yolk-sac volume decreased proportionately with rise in temperature. At the end of 52 hph, the lowest yolk-sac volume was recorded at temperature range of 31 to 33°C. Results of the present study suggest that temperature plays a vital role in the yolk-sac utilisation as well as on growth of cobia larvae.
Estimation of genetic parameters for growth related traits at different stages of development in Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Authors: Liu F. , Chen S. L. , Wang L. , Zhang Y. P. , Tian Y. S. , Chen H. L. 
Published: December 2016

Genetic parameters of growth traits at different growing stages of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) were estimated using 30 families. The estimates of heritability for body weight at four developmental stages viz., 210, 450, 720 and 830 days of age, varied from 0.12 to 0.37. The heritability at 720 days of age was the lowest and that of 450 days was the highest. The maternal effect was 0.08 at 210 days, 0.03 at 450 days and almost zero (8.89 E-8 and 2.40 E-7) at 720 and 830 days. Correlation coefficients of the estimated breeding value (EBV) and phenotypic value (PV) of body weight at different developmental stages were 0.470-0.803, which were highly significant (p<0.01). Correlation of estimated breeding value (EBV) and phenotypic value (PV) was the highest at 210 days of age and the lowest at 720 days. Genetic correlation among the four stages showed large variation (0.339-0.811), which were highly significant except that of 210 and 830 days. The value and accuracy of estimating genetic parameters for growth traits at different stages was different. Therefore, the growth stage should be taken into account when designing a breeding program for growth traits in P. olivaceus.
Fishermen’s perception of climate change - a study from Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Menon Muktha , Ghosh Shubhadeep , Kumar M. Satish , Rao M. V. Hanumantha , Mahesh V. Uma , Zacharia P. U. 
Published: December 2016

Perceptions of fishermen on climate change were studied from two coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh during 2011. Fishermen were interviewed to know their perception on climate change over the last 20 years, impact of change in climatic parameters on their lives as well as on marine fisheries and on the adaptation measures required. All fishermen contacted believed that climate had changed in the last two decades. Wind was ranked as the parameter that had changed the most in the last two decades. Sea status was ranked as the most problematic to fishermen. Avenue for safe exit from villages and coastal protection structures in case of natural calamities were the highest scoring adaptation measures. Wind was found the most critical parameter affecting marine fishery and overfishing was identified as the biggest problem facing fisheries.
Seed production and growth of Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) in captivity
Authors: Krishna M. V. Rohini , Anil M. K. , Raj P. Neethu , Santhosh B. 
Published: December 2016

Development of the regal demoiselle Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) from egg to maturation and spawning stage is described using hatchery reared specimens. Larval rearing of N. cyanomos was carried out using zooplankton as the starting feed up to the 10th day post-hatch (dph). Larval and post-larval growth was studied for a period of 340 dph. Caudal fin rays began to develop from 8th dph and the larval body depth increased considerably from 9th dph onwards. Towards the 10th dph, at about 5.7 mm total length (TL) half of the specimens underwent notochord flexion. Larvae exhibited decreased transparency with increased pigmentation of the pre-anal body, characterised by presence of stellate melanophores. Towards 15th dph, the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal and caudal fins were visible with fin rays. The soft dorsal fin started showing pigmentation from 20th dph onwards and the spinous dorsal from 30th dph onwards. Towards 30th day, black pigments were found distributed all over the body. Pigmentation steadily increased from 30th day onwards and the juveniles fully attained the adult pattern of body colouration by about 90-100 days. First spawning occurred on the 340th dph at a size of 64-73 mm TL.
Nutritional profiling of the edible seaweeds Gracilaria edulis, Ulva lactuca and Sargassum sp.
Authors: Debbarma Jesmi , Madhusudana Rao B. , Murthy L. Narasimha , Mathew Suseela , Venkateshwarlu G. , Ravishankar C. N. 
Published: December 2016

In the present study, nutritional composition of the edible seaweeds, Gracilaria edulis (red seaweed), Ulva lactuca (green seaweed) and Sargassum sp. (brown seaweed) were evaluated. Results showed that the seaweeds had protein content of 13.84±3.55 to 18.21±0.00%; fat 0.73±0.001 to 0.93±0.00%, carbohydrate 30.32±0.21 to 43.19±1.75% and total dietary fibre (TDF) content of 53.625±0.18 to 63.175±0.46% on dry weight basis. Among the three seaweeds, Sargassum sp. contained highest protein content (18.21±0.00%) and G. edulis possessed highest TDF (63.175±0.46%). Macronutrients viz., Na, P and Ca and the micronutrients, Fe, Se, Mn, Cu and Zn were present in all three seaweeds. G. edulis had highest Na (423.33±1.15 mg 100 g-1), P (282.5±0.5 mg 100 g-1), Ca (223.33±0.58 mg 100 g-1) and Fe (65.28±0.33 mg 100 g-1), whereas highest Se content was recorded in Sargassum sp (49.82±0.09 mg 100 g-1). Palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2, ω-6) were the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Fatty acid profile also revealed that small quantity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6, ω-3) ranging from 0.064 to 0.494% was present in all the three seaweed species but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5, ω-3) was present only in Sargassum sp. at a concentration of 0.583%. G. edulis had higher vitamin D2 (2.590 mg 100 g-1), vitamin E (1.017 mg 100 g-1) and vitamin K1 (0.714 mg 100 g-1) than Sargassum sp. and U. lactuca. The results clearly indicates that these three seaweeds can be considered as a good source of dietary fibre, protein, minerals and vitamins and can be used for fortifying foods or as components of functional foods.
Light Interception by Pasture Canopies as Affected by Height and Botanical Composition
Authors: Rayburn Edward , Shockey William , Smith Brad , Seymour David , Basden Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas
Canopy height can be used to predict light interception in pasture canopies.
Pasture light interception is impacted by botanical composition as well as canopy height.
Pasture light interception varies across the growing season as solar altitude changes.
Producers can use pasture ruler height or compressed plate meter height to estimate pasture canopy light interception to optimize pasture management.
Light interception (LI) by growing plants is essential for photosynthesis and growth. This translates to animal production when this growth is consumed by grazing livestock. Canopy LI was measured in six pasture systems within three physiographic regions in West Virginia, across two grazing seasons and a range of pasture regrowth to quantify how LI is impacted by pasture height (ruler height [RHt] and falling plate meter compressed height [CHt]), sward composition, and time of year. The relationship between CHt and LI was computed as second‐order and logarithmic regressions. The second‐order regressions gave slightly greater R2 and lower residual standard deviations about the regression (SDreg) than did logarithmic regressions. Canopy LI reached 95% of incident light when CHt reached 8 inch (RHt of 13 inch) and was affected by forage density (FD; lb dry matter/acre/inch CHt, a system characteristic), forb and legume content in the stand, and month of the year. Understanding the effect of canopy height on LI and the effect of canopy height and LI on management goals will enable producers to adjust management to better achieve defined animal and plant performance goals.
Escherichia coli Release from Streambed to Water Column during Baseflow Periods: A Modeling Study
Authors: Park Yongeun , Pachepsky Yakov , Hong Eun‐Mi , Shelton Daniel , Coppock Cary 
Published: December 2016

Streambed sediments can harbor large Escherichia coli populations that are released into the water column during high‐flow events. Few studies have been conducted on the rates of E. coli transfer from streambed sediment to water column in low‐flow conditions in natural streams. The aim of this work was to apply the watershed‐scale model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to a natural stream to evaluate the need to account for the E. coli release from streambed sediments during baseflow periods and to compare the results of simulating such a release by assuming predominantly passive transport, driven by groundwater influx, against simulations assuming predominantly active transport of random or chemotaxis‐driven bacteria movement. Escherichia coli concentrations in water during baseflow periods were substantially underestimated when E. coli release from the streambed was attributed only to streambed sediment resuspension. When considered in addition to the release due to sediment resuspension at high flows, the active and passive release assumptions provided 42 and 4% improvement, respectively, in the RMSE of logarithms of E. coli concentrations. Estimated E. coli fluxes to water column during the baseflow periods from June to November ranged from 3.3 × 105 colony‐forming units (CFU) m−2 d−1 in the game land area to 1.4 × 106 CFU m−2 d−1 in the mixed pasture and cropland. Results demonstrate that release of E. coli from streambed sediments during baseflow periods is substantial and that water column E. coli concentrations are dependent on not only land management practices but also on in‐stream processes.Core Ideas
E. coli release from streambed in a creek was modeled using SWAT model.
In‐stream E. coli concentrations during baseflow period are underestimated.
Active and passive release were hypothesized to correct the estimates.
Simulations were more accurate using active release than passive release.
Enhanced Dissipation of Selected Herbicides in a Simulated Organic Matrix Biobed: A System to Control On‐Farm Point‐Source Pollution
Authors: Chu Bei , Eivazi Frieda 
Published: December 2016

Most farms have a centralized location to fill spray tanks with pesticides and to flush and clean application equipment. These sites, depending on the frequency of use, could be significant sources of surface and groundwater contamination. One approach to minimize this contamination is to install a treatment system, such as a biobed. This study sought to construct a biobed and test the effects of different biomix materials in enhancing the dissipation of herbicides widely used in crop production. The four types of biomix evaluated had mixing ratios by volume of (1) 12.5% straw:62.5% soil:25% peat, (2) 25% straw:50% soil:25% peat, (3) 12.5% straw:62.5% soil:25% compost, and (4) 25% straw:50% soil:25% compost. The dissipation rates of acetochlor, atrazine, pendimethalin, and trifluralin at different incubation times over 90 d were evaluated. The dissipation of atrazine and pendimethalin in the biomixes were faster than in soil. The half‐lives for atrazine were 27.8 d in soil and 14.3 to 20.2 d in the biomixes and those of pendimethalin were 25.5 d in soil and 11.9 to 14.8 d in the biomixes. The dissipation rates and half‐lives of acetochlor were similar to those in soil; the trifluralin dissipation rates were slower in the biomixes. The phenol oxidase activity was higher in the peat biomixes than in those containing compost. The results showed that biobed materials, especially those with peat, are effective in degrading selected herbicides.Core Ideas
Biobed material composition and ratio were evaluated.
The dissipation rates of atrazine and pendimethalin were enhanced in biomixes.
Phenol oxidase was higher in peat biomixes than in compost.
A mobile, low‐cost system was designed to capture contamination on‐farm.
Biochar Impacts on Crop Productivity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from an Andosol
Authors: Koga Nobuhisa , Shimoda Seiji , Iwata Yukiyoshi 
Published: December 2016

To assess the impacts of biochar application on crop productivity and global warming mitigation, a 4‐yr field experiment was conducted in a well‐drained Andosol in northern Japan. Wood residue–derived biochar (pyrolyzed at >800°C) was applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha−1 for potatoes, winter wheat, sugar beet, and soybeans cultivated in rotation, and CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions from the soil and yield and quality of the harvested materials were measured. Biochar application, regardless of rate, had no significant impact on yield and quality of the harvested materials, except for soybean grain yield. It also had no effect on cumulative CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions from the soil. Andosols are inherently highly porous, and biochar application increased soil porosity only at the highest amendment level. The small changes in soil properties and the recalcitrance of the biochar's C components probably account for the unchanged soil‐associated greenhouse gas emissions and the minimal impact on crop yield and quality. Because soil CO2 emission was not increased, the net ecosystem C budget during the study period increased with the rate of biochar application from −3.55 ± 0.19 Mg C ha−1 without biochar application to 4.89 ± 0.46, 13.4 ± 0.3, and 29.9 ± 0.4 Mg C ha−1 at application rates of 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha−1, respectively; therefore, application of wood residue–derived biochar to an Andosol has great potential for mitigating global warming through enhanced soil C sequestration without sacrificing crop productivity.Core Ideas
Biochar from wood residues pyrolyzed at >800°C was used in crop rotation.
Biochar had no or little impact on crop yield and quality compared with the control.
Emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 from an Andosol were not affected by biochar.
Carbon compounds in the wood residue–derived biochar were recalcitrant for 4 yr.
Biochar application enhanced soil C sequestration, thus mitigating global warming.
Faktor Determinan Kepatuhan Pelaksanaan Hand Hygiene pada Perawat IGD RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung
Authors: Pratama Bramantya Surya , Koeswo Mulyatim , Rokhmad Kasil 
Published: December 2016

Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) adalah infeksi yang terjadi pada pelayanan kesehatan selama menjalani Â prosedur perawatan dan tindakan medis. HAI menyebabkan pemanjangan lama rawat inap, sehingga merugikan pasien dan meningkatkan biaya perawatan. Cara paling efektif untuk membatasi penyebaran dari HAI adalah melaksanakan hand hygiene (HH) sesuai aturan. Hasil studi pendahuluan di IGD RSUD Dr. Iskak Tulungagung ditemukan bahwakepatuhan hand hygiene perawat IGD hanya sebesar 30%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan hand hygiene perawat IGD dan mencari solusi untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kepatuhan HH pada perawat sebesar 36% dengan kepatuhan tertinggi pada sebelum tindakan aseptis (50%) dan terendah pada setelah menyentuh sekitar pasien (20%) bahwa faktor-faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kepatuhan hand hygiene perawat IGD adalah pengetahuan, fasilitas dan pengingat/role model. Solusi yang disepakati untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan cara memberi pembuktian efektifitas hand hygiene dalam mengurangi jumlah bakteri di tangan melalui pemeriksaan agar gel. Diharapkan agar solusi yang dipilih ditunjang dengan peningkatan fasilitas dan pelaksanaan sistem pengingat melalui poster atau role model dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan hand hygiene dapat meningkat secara optimal.Kata Kunci: Hand hygiene, kepatuhan, role model
Identifikasi Ketidaklengkapan Dokumen Rekam Medis Rawat Inap di RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi
Authors: Pamungkas Fantri , Hariyanto Tuti , U Endah Woro 
Published: December 2016

Kelengkapan dokumen rekam medis merupakan hal yang sangat penting karena berpengaruh terhadap proses pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh petugas medis dan mempengaruhi kualitas dari pelayanan suatu rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidaklengkapan dokumen rekam medis rawat inap di RSUD Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Â Observasi dilakukan pada tanggal 25 September 2014 sampai dengan 2 Oktober 2014. Data yang diambil adalah dokumen rekam medis yang diserahkan dari unit rawat inap ke sub bagian rekam medis pada tanggal tersebut. Dokumen Medik Keperawatan (DMK) yang digunakan adalah DMK umum yang terdiri dari 12 (duabelas) DMK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata prosentase penilaian paling rendah adalah pada DMK 4.1 (lembar rencana pelayanan/CP) yaitu 75,4%, dan yang bertanggung jawab dalam mengisi dokumen tersebut adalah dokter. Dari hasil metode diagram Ishikawa permasalahan yang paling mendasar yang mempengaruhi ketidaklengkapan dokumen rekam medis adalah tingkat kedisiplinan dokter yang kurang.Kata Kunci: Ketidaklengkapan dokumen rekam medis, dokter
Pengaruh Perubahan Alur terhadap Waktu Pelayanan Farmasi Pasien Pulang Rawat Inap RS Baptis Batu
Authors: NP Joys Karman , Hakim Lukman , Irbantoro Dolly 
Published: December 2016

Instalasi farmasi di rumah sakit merupakan satu-satunya unit di rumah sakit yang mengadakan barang farmasi yang beredar di rumah sakit serta bertanggung jawab atas pengadaan dan penyajian informasi obat yang siap pakai bagi semua pihak di rumah sakit. Respon time pelayanan obat pada pasien pulang rawat inap di RS Baptis Batu membutuhkan waktu terlama. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan perubahan respon time pelayanan farmasi rawat inap untuk pasien pulang rawat inap.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode time and motion study. Desain penelitian digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan alur pelayanan farmasi pasien pulang rawat inap dengan melihat perubahan waktu pelayanan sesuai alur pelayanan yang telah disepakati. Pada waktu total pelayanan sebelum perlakuan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 53,4667Â± 30,6175 sedangkan untuk waktu total pelayanan sesudah perlakuan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 43,8333 Â± 20,5075. Nilai t yang diperoleh sebesar 1,361 dan p= 0,184. Artinya perbedaan waktu pelayanan obat sebelum dan sesudah tidak berbeda signifikan. Waktu pelayanan farmasi pasien pulang rawat inap telah ada perbaikan namun belum sesuai target. Maka dari itu disarankan pembuatan SPO alur pelayanan obat pasien pulang rawat inap Â dengan standar waktu yang ditentukan, Â optimalisasi Â pembagian tenaga saat hari libur serta penyederhanaan penggunaan aplikasi dengan mempermudah perhitungan akhir dan perbaikan penomoran barcode obat.Kata Kunci: Alur pelayanan, pasien pulang rawat inap, pelayanan farmasi, waktu tunggu