bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Strain Measurement for Non-Intrusive Internal Pressure Evaluation of a Cannon
Authors: Rausch Brennan , de Clerck Albrey , Kang Yuhong , Mao Shuo , Jones Noah , Ruan Hang , Ng Wing F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent cutting-edge designs for gun barrels, projectiles, and propellants require testing, such as measuring the internal pressure during firing. However, there are concerns with the current drilling method to mount pressure transducers near the breech and chamber of the gun barrel where pressure is highest. To address this challenge, the team hereby presents an alternative, nonintrusive strain measurement method. This method focuses on determining the feasibility and accuracy of relating tangential strain along the sidewall of a gun barrel to the drastic internal pressure rise created during combustion. A transient structural, numerical model of a 155 mm gun barrel was created using ansys. The pressure was derived using the outline in Interior Ballistics of High Velocity Guns, version 2, and the model was validated using published experimental tangential strain testing data from a gun of the same caliber. The model was then used to demonstrate the ideal location for strain measurement along the sidewall of the chamber. Furthermore, three different pressure ranges were simulated in the model. The behavior of the tangential strain in each case indicates a similar trend to the internal pressure rise and oscillation due to a dominant frequency of the barrel. A method to predict internal pressure from external tangential strain was developed. The internal pressure predicted is within 4% of the pressure applied in the model. In the sensitivity study, the thickness and elastic modulus of the gun barrel were found to be the primary factors affecting tangential strain. Overall, this work helps to understand tangential strain behavior on the sidewall of a large-caliber gun barrel and lays the ground for an accurate prediction of internal pressure from external tangential strain.
Stress Evaluation of Ferromagnetic Materials Based on a New Barkhausen Noise Sensor Composed by High Entropy Alloy Magnetic Core
Authors: Qian Zhengchun , Dong Yawen , Yang Chaolin , Zhang Wei , Xu Ruifeng , Chen Zhaoguo , Xu Hongmeng , Cheng Huanbo , Huang Haihong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the service of ferromagnetic structural steel materials, stress should be evaluated accurately. Although the magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) testing has the ability to sense stress, it can be easily interfered with by environment. In this paper, a new MBN sensor is fabricated by selecting FeCoNi(AlMn)0.25 high entropy alloy (HEA) as the case of magnetic core to improve the accuracy of stress evaluation. The process optimization results show that the stability of MBN signal characteristics is the largest when the excitation frequency is 4 Hz and the voltage is 6 V. The signal-to-noise ratio of MBN indicates that the HEA and Ni-Zn ferrite probes have better anti-interference capability. The MBN signal characteristic values peak voltage and root mean square measured by the HEA probe can linearly quantify the stress level with higher efficiency, stability, and accuracy. The underlying reason of high sensitivity of HEA probe to the variation of MBN signals is revealed based on the magnetic properties. The microstructure and the thermodynamic parameters are analyzed to clarify whether the additions of Al and Mn atoms can affect the short-ranged magnetic exchange interaction and lattice distortion, which affects the magnetization behavior of HEA. Finally, the availability of MBN sensor with HEA magnetic core to the stress evaluation on the retired slide rails of car seats is conducted, which demonstrates its great application value.
Slamming characteristics of a rigid wedge during symmetric and asymmetric water entry
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Li Hui , Han Bingbing , Jia Ziyi , Yao Wenhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The slamming behavior of structures entering water is crucial for understanding wave loads on marine structures. To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vertical symmetric and asymmetric water slamming loads on wedges, a series of tests were conducted on rigid wedges with deadrises of 20° and 30°. During asymmetric water entry, the wedge was heeled by 5° and 10° along the Z-axis. The experimental results indicate that velocity loss and the pressure error is less than 5%. Furthermore, the peak pressure decreases with the effective deadrise increase. The analysis is discussed in the paper. The slamming behavior of structures entering water is crucial for understanding wave loads on marine structures. To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ver-tical symmetric and asymmetric water slamming loads on wedges, a series of tests were conducted on rigid wedges with deadrises of 20° and 30°. During asymmetric water entry, the wedge was heeled by 5° and 10° along the Z-axis. The experimental results indicate that velocity loss and the pressure error is less than 5%. Furthermore, the peak pressure decreases with the effective deadrise increase. Relevant quantitative analysis is discussed in the article.
Layout Optimization of Wave Energy Park Based on Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Guo Xinhai , Liu Yao , Zhang Xinshu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, both semi-analytical method and numerical simulation is applied to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of large arrays of point-absorber wave energy converters (WECs). To analyze wave interactions among multiple WECs within an array, a semi-analytical model is developed based on the potential flow theory and the matched eigen-function expansions method. The fluid domain is divided into two kinds of regions: interior regions underneath the cylinders and an exterior region surrounding all the cylinders. The matched eigen-function expansions method is employed to solve the radiation potential problem in each domain, and the hydrodynamic coefficients and motion response of the cylinders in the array are evaluated. To validate the accuracy of the semi-analytical method, wamit is adopted to simulate the wave energy park numerically and compared with the results by the semi-analytical model. The hydrodynamic characteristics and power absorption performance of the WECs within the wave energy park are analyzed. The power performance of a wave energy park is studied as functions of layout geometry, incident wave direction, and separation distance between WECs respectively. Finally, multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on a surrogate model is used to optimize the layout of wave energy array.
Development of low-cost ultrasound-guided cannulation models
Authors: Jones Alice May , Dowdall Katherine , Ahmed Arslan , Hardy Amy , Hickton Julia 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionUltrasound-guided cannulation is a valuable clinical skill, however, commercial training models are often expensive, posing barriers for departments that cannot afford them and reluctance to loan models from those who can. To address this, we developed an affordable, effective model using agar-agar and latex balloons filled with ultrasound gel which replicates the ultrasound appearance and tactile feedback necessary for skill development.MethodsWe considered various materials for the primary medium, including meat, gelatin and agar-agar, ultimately selecting agar-agar for its favourable properties. Concentrations from 1 g/100 mL to 10 g/100 mL were tested. For mock vessels, we considered silicone and latex Foley catheters, as well as latex balloons filled with air, water or ultrasound gel. Drill bits of varying sizes were used to create openings in plastic containers for mock vessel insertion. The use of red dye was also explored to simulate flashback.ResultsThe 8 g/100 mL agar-agar concentration provided the most realistic ultrasound appearance and resistance during cannulation. Higher concentrations resulted in a tough, crack-prone consistency, while lower concentrations lacked structural integrity. Adding 40 mL of disinfectant reduced mould and produced an opaque medium. Latex balloons filled with ultrasound gel demonstrated minimal shadowing and were easily inserted and removed. A 6 mm wood drill bit was used for creating suitable vessel insertion points.ConclusionThis cost-effective model offers a valuable practical solution for simulating ultrasound-guided cannulation. Our step-by-step guide facilitates easy replication, meeting the need for affordable training tools in medical education and paving the way for further advancements in low-cost simulation models.
SARS-CoV-2 spike aggravates lupus nephritis and lung fibrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lee Yeon Su , Woo Jin Seok , Jhun JooYeon , Choi Jeong Won , Lee A Ram , Lee Kun Hee , Choi Haeyoun , Park Sung-Hwan , Cho Mi-La 
Published: October 2024

Objective
COVID-19 induces the development of autoimmune diseases, including SLE, which are characterised by inflammation, autoantibodies and thrombosis. However, the effects of COVID-19 on SLE remain unclear.

Methods
We investigated the effects of COVID-19 on SLE development and progression in three animal models. Plasmids encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 receptor were injected into R848-induced BALB/C lupus mice, R848-induced IL-1 receptor antagonist knockout (KO) lupus mice and MRL/lpr mice. Serum levels of albumin and autoantibodies, lymphocyte phenotypes and tissue histology were evaluated.

Results
In R848-induced BALB/C lupus mice, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein increased autoantibody and albumin levels compared with vehicle and mock treatments. These mice also exhibited splenomegaly, which was further exacerbated by the spike protein. Flow cytometric analysis revealed elevated T helper 1 cell counts, and histological analysis indicated increased levels of the fibrosis marker protein α-smooth muscle actin. In KO mice, the spike protein induced splenomegaly, severe kidney damage and pronounced lung fibrosis. In the MRL/lpr group, spike protein increased the serum levels of autoantibodies, albumin and the thrombosis marker chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4.

Conclusion
COVID-19 accelerated the development and progression of lupus by inducing autoantibody production, fibrosis and thrombosis.
Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution on the Natural Frequency of Concrete Girder Bridges
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Xu Mingshan , Xia Yong , Zhang Yao 
Published: October 2024

Structural dynamic properties like frequencies and mode shapes have been widely adopted for bridge condition assessment and damage identification. One of the main challenges lies in environmental factors, particularly the varying temperature, which significantly influences the bridge’s natural frequencies. In some cases, the effect of temperature changes can be comparable to, or even exceed, the effect caused by damage, rendering the damage identification methods ineffective. This study investigates the influence of the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution, as a result of surrounding environmental factors, on the frequency of concrete girder bridges. A theoretical analysis is conducted to derive the bridge’s frequencies considering the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution. The upper and lower bounds of the frequencies are developed by using only the environmental temperature and the largest temperature gradient defined by codes. More importantly, the damage to the bridge can be detected if the frequencies exceed the bounds for a certain period. This approach is convenient and practical in real applications without embedding thermocouples in the main girder. Numerical simulations, laboratory experimental tests, and field measurements are carried out to validate the derived frequency considering the cross-sectional non-uniform temperature distribution as well as the upper and lower bounds of the frequency. In particular, the results of the Z24 bridge show that when the bridge is damaged, the measured frequency exceeds the bound continuously, verifying the capability of the developed upper and lower bounds to evaluate bridge conditions.
Stop the Bleed—Wait for the Ambulance or Get in the Car and Drive? A Post Hoc Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Trial
Authors: Simpson John T. , Nordham Kristen D. , Tatum Danielle , Haut Elliot R. , Ali Ayman , Maher Zoe , Goldberg Amy J. , Tatebe Leah C. , Chang Grace , Taghavi Sharven , Raza Shariq , Toraih Eman , Mendiola Plá Michelle , Ninokawa Scott , Anderson Christofer , Maluso Patrick , Keating Jane , Burruss Sigrid , Reeves Matthew , Craugh Lauren E. , Shatz David V. , Bhupathi Apoorva , Spalding M. Chance , LaRiccia Aimee , Bird Emily , Noorbakhsh Matthew R. , Babowice James , Nelson Marsha C. , Jacobson Lewis E. , Williams Jamie , Vella Michael , Dellonte Kate , Hayward Thomas Z. , Holler Emma , Lieser Mark J. , Berne John D. , Mederos Dalier R. , Askari Reza , Okafor Barbara , Etchill Eric , Fang Raymond , Roche Samantha L. , Whittenburg Laura , Bernard Andrew C. , Haan James M. , Lightwine Kelly L. , Norwood Scott H. , Murry Jason , Gamber Mark A. , Carrick Matthew M. , Bugaev Nikolay , Tatar Antony 
Published: October 2024

Background: The Stop the Bleed campaign gives bystanders an active role in prehospital hemorrhage control. Whether extending bystanders’ role to private vehicle transport (PVT) for urban penetrating trauma improves survival is unknown, but past research has found benefit to police and PVT. We hypothesized that for penetrating trauma in an urban environment, where prehospital procedures have been proven harmful, PVT improves outcomes compared to any EMS or advanced life support (ALS) transport. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial was performed on adult patients with penetrating torso/proximal extremity trauma at 25 urban trauma centers from 5/2019-5/2020. Patients were allocated to PVT and any EMS or ALS transport using nearest neighbor propensity score matching. Univariate analyses included Wilcoxon signed rank or McNemar’s Test and logistic regression. Results: Of 1999 penetrating trauma patients in urban settings, 397 (19.9%) had PVT, 1433 (71.7%) ALS transport, and 169 (8.5%) basic life support (BLS) transport. Propensity matching yielded 778 patients, distributed equally into balanced groups. PVT patients were primarily male (90.5%), Black (71.2%), and sustained gunshot wounds (68.9%). ALS transport had significantly higher ED mortality (3.9% vs 1.9%, P = 0.03). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality rate, hospital LOS, or complications for all EMS or ALS only transport patients. Conclusion: Compared to PVT, ALS, which provides more prehospital procedures than BLS, provided no survival benefit for penetrating trauma patients in urban settings. Bystander education incorporating PVT for early arrival of penetrating trauma patients in urban settings to definitive care merits further investigation.
Development of an Extended Cardiovascular SOFA Score Component Reflecting Cardiac Dysfunction with Improved Survival Prediction in Sepsis: An Exploratory Analysis in the Sepsis and Elevated Troponin (SET) Study
Authors: Lörstad S. , Wang Y. , Tehrani S. , Shekarestan S. , Åstrand P. , Gille-Johnson P. , Jernberg T. , Persson J. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction The cardiovascular component of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score does not correspond with contemporary clinical practice in sepsis or identify impaired cardiac function. Our aim was to develop a modified cardiovascular SOFA component that reflects cardiac dysfunction and improves the SOFA score's 30-day mortality discrimination. Methods A cohort of sepsis patients from a previous study was divided into a training (n = 250) and test cohort (n = 253). Nine widely available measures of cardiovascular function were screened for association with 30-day mortality using natural cubic spline. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and heart rate (HR) were transformed into ordinal variables (0-4 points). The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was assigned two points. The SOFA score was extended by adding the variable points in different weights and combinations. The best-performing cardiac-extended model (CE-SOFA) was evaluated in the test cohort. Improved prognostic discrimination and calibration were assessed using logistic regression, area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) index, and DeLong and Hoshmer-Lemeshow tests. Results In the training cohort, all differently weighted and combined models using hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP and AF points added to the SOFA score showed improved discriminative ability (AUC 0.67-0.75) compared to the SOFA score (AUC 0.62; NRI P < .001; DeLong P ≤ .001). In the test cohort, CE-SOFA demonstrated improved 30-day mortality discrimination compared to the SOFA score (AUC 0.72 vs 0.68), exhibiting good calibration and significantly improved discrimination using the NRI index ( P = .009) but not the DeLong test ( P = .142). Conclusions The CE-SOFA model reflects cardiac dysfunction and improves 30-day mortality discrimination in sepsis. External validation is the next step to further substantiate a revised cardiovascular component in a future SOFA 2.0.
Study on Action and Mechanism of Potentilla discolor Bunge using Patch-Clamp to Explore the Effect of the Main Components of Potentilla discolor Bunge on Myocardial Cell Membranes
Authors: Dang Yanxin , Zhao Wenjie , Li Xiaohan , Chen Yongchao , Liu Jie , Li Lin , Xie Minzhen , Chen Zhouxiu , Gu Siqi , Wang Qi , Liu Guijun 
Published: October 2024

Background Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB) is a plant of the Rosaceae family. A wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, hypoglycemic, and others, can be achieved through its chemical components, which include terpenes, steroids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. However, the effects of the herb on the heart are unclear. Objectives To explore the effect of the main components of PDB on myocardial cell membranes. Materials and Methods We investigated the role of different concentrations of PDB in cardiomyocytes by evaluating myocardial electrical activity. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to analyze the components. Patch-clamp experiments were conducted to detect the drugs’ impact on the ion channels of cardiomyocytes. Results PDB regulated 14 potential metabolites in mice. Interestingly, quercetin exerts certain effects on the heart by acting on the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway. Quercetin is a monomer compound that can enhance the activity of IK1 on the myocardium membrane. Conclusion This study showed that monomeric compounds of PDB can significantly enhance IK1 activity and influence ion channels in a concentration-dependent manner.
Change in Talar Axial Rotation and Pain Intensity Following Correction of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: DiGiovanni Grace M. , El Masry Seif , Jones Agnes , Kim Jaeyoung , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. , Conti Matthew S. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The talus is more internally rotated within the ankle mortise in progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) patients. However, no studies have investigated the change in talar axial rotation (AR) in PCFD postoperatively. The primary aim was to investigate the change in talar AR following PCFD reconstruction. Secondary aims were to determine whether talar AR changes were associated with other radiographic measurements or specific procedures, and whether postoperative talar AR was associated with 2-year patient-reported outcome scores. Methods: Twenty-seven patients older than 18 years who underwent flexible PCFD reconstruction with preoperative and at least 5-month postoperative weightbearing computed tomographic (WBCT) scans and radiographs and had preoperative and at least 2-year postoperative PROMIS scores were included. Patients with talonavicular fusions were excluded. Talar AR was the angle between the transmalleolar axis and talar axis on WBCT scans, with smaller angles representing more internal rotation as described by Kim et al. Hindfoot moment arm, Meary angle, fibulocalcaneal and talocalcaneal distance, subtalar middle facet uncoverage, and talonavicular angle were measured on radiographs. Results: Postoperative talar AR was 49.7 degrees (IQR, 45.9, 57.3), which was more externally rotated than preoperative AR by a median of 8.3 degrees (IQR, 2.2, 15.7) ( P > .001). The change in talar AR was not associated with changes in any radiographic parameter. Increasing external talar AR was associated with an increase in postoperative PROMIS pain intensity ( rs = 0.38, 95% CI 0.00, 0.67). Lateral column lengthening and subtalar fusion procedures were not associated with changes in talar AR ( P > .10). Conclusion: PCFD reconstruction results in external rotation of the talus within the ankle mortise. Kim et al found that control patients had approximately 40 to 60 degrees of talar AR, which is similar to this study’s corrected position of the talus. However, increasing talar external rotation resulted in worse postoperative PROMIS pain intensity, suggesting the possibility of overcorrecting the internal AR deformity.
Influences of Global Health Initiatives in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Residents
Authors: Gandhikumar Tiffany , David Lisa 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Over the last decade there is an increased awareness that the need for surgical care in under-resourced countries is contributing to significant health inequities and financial hardship across the globe. Plastic surgery has long been recognized as a surgical discipline that has been successful in deploying resources to help address these inequities but to be sustainable there must be a lasting commitment through teaching and education. The purpose of this study is to answer the question “In plastic and reconstructive surgical residents, how does participation in global health initiatives influence independent clinical practice and their perceptions of global health?” Methods: A survey was administered through Redcap to 59 total eligible current or previous Wake Forest School of Medicine plastic and reconstructive surgical residents. Results: About 33 out of 34 participants have had some kind of global health exposure with the majority being through mission trips, volunteering, and external rotations. There was a 33.3% improvement in awareness of global surgical disease burden ( P = .000093 < .05), 23.5% improvement in obligations to create global change ( P = .00021 < .05), 26.3% improvement in comfortability with language and cultural barriers ( P = .0013 < .05), and 20.9% improvement in doctor-patient relationships with patients of differing backgrounds ( P = .0019 < .05) when comparing participant’s views prior and after residency training. Overall, participants were inclined to continue with global health initiatives in the future as 75.8% see themselves participating in another global health experience and 90.9% believed participating in global health has an impact on independent clinical practice and professional development post-residency. Conclusions: Global health initiatives within surgical residency curriculums have had tremendous effects on the perceptions of global health amongst plastic and reconstructive surgical residents, which may improve physician shortage and global health needs in the future.