bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Single Lesion Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Shimoda Mitsugi , Tago Kazuma , Shiraki Takayuki , Mori Shozo , Kato Masato , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and objectivesHepatic resection is established as the treatment for HCC. However, patients sometimes experience early recurrence of HCC (ER HCC) after curative resection.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for 193 patients with single HCC who underwent curative liver resection in our medical center between April 2000 and March 2013. We divided the cohort into two groups; early recurrence group (ER G) which experienced recurrence within 6 months after resection, and non‐early recurrence group (NER G). Risk factors for ER HCC were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐nine out of 193 (20.2 %) patients had ER HCC. Univariate analysis showed Glasgow prognostic score (GPS, p = 0.036), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, p = 0.001), level of PIVKA‐II (p = 0.0001), level of AFP (p = 0.0001), amounts of blood loss (p = 0.001), operating time (p = 0.002), tumor size (p = 0.0001), stage III and IV (p = 0.0001), and microvascular invasions (portal vein: p = 0.0001 and hepatic vein: p = 0.001) to be associated with ER HCC. By multivariate analysis, there were significant differences in high NLR (p = 0.029) and high AFP (p = 0.0001) in patients with ER HCC.ConclusionsPreoperative high AFP (more than 250 ng/ml) and high NLR (more than 1.829) were independent risk factors for ER HCC.
BRAFV600E Mutation is Associated with Decreased Disease‐Free Survival in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Fraser S. , Go C. , Aniss A. , Sidhu S. , Delbridge L. , Learoyd D. , Clifton‐Bligh R. , Tacon L. , Tsang V. , Robinson B. , Gill A. J. , Sywak M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe BRAFV600E mutation is a recognised molecular marker in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), reported incidence from 30 to 80 %. BRAFV600E aberrantly activates the MAPK pathway, a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Previous studies have reported conflicting data regarding the impact of BRAFV600E on clinicopathological features of PTC. The study aims to determine whether BRAFV600E is useful as a prognostic biomarker in PTC.MethodsA cohort study of patients undergoing surgery for PTC was undertaken. The primary outcome measure was disease‐free survival. Secondary outcome measures were tumour size, nodal positivity and radioactive iodine ablation rate. All cases were re‐examined to confirm PTC. Immunohistochemistry for BRAFV600E was performed on tissue microarrays. A single endocrine pathologist, blinded to clinicopathological data, interpreted staining.Results496 patients with PTC were included, and 309 (62 %) were BRAFV600E positive. Tumour size was similar for BRAFV600E‐positive and ‐negative tumours (21.3 vs. 23.2 mm, p = 0.23). BRAFV600E‐positive patients were significantly older at first operation (mean age 45 versus 49 years, p = 0.003). BRAFV600E‐positive PTCs had a higher rate of disease recurrence (12.9 vs. 5.6 %, p = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (44 vs. 29.4 %, p = 0.004) and extra‐thyroidal extension (44 vs. 22 %, p < 0.001). Five‐year disease‐free survival was 89.6 % for BRAFV600E positive and 96.3 % for negative tumours, p < 0.001. There was no difference between groups for vascular invasion or multifocality. The mean follow‐up was 57 months for both groups.ConclusionBRAFV600E in PTC predicts an increased risk of lymph node metastasis, extra‐thyroidal extension and reduced disease‐free survival. It is an additional useful prognostic biomarker.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Innovatory Incremental-Forming Process Dedicated to the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Szyndler Joanna , Grosman Franciszek , Tkocz Marek , Madej Lukasz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The main goal of this work is development of the incremental-forming (IF) process for manufacturing integral elements applicable to the aerospace industry. A description of the proposed incremental-forming concept based on division of large die into a series of small anvils pressed into the material by a moving roll is presented within this article. A unique laboratory device has been developed to investigate the effects of process parameters on the material flow and the press loads. Additionally, a developed numerical model of this process with specific boundary conditions is also presented and validated to prove its predictive capabilities. However, main attention is placed on development of the process window. Thus, detailed investigation of the process parameters that can influence material behavior during plastic deformation, namely, roll size and roll frequency, is presented. Proper understanding of the material flow to improve the IF process, as well as press prototype, and to increase its technological readiness is the goal of this article. Results in the form of, e.g., strain distribution or recorded forging loads are presented and discussed.
Holocene environmental change in the eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho, USA, as inferred from stable isotope analyses of small mammals
Authors: Commendador Amy S. , Finney Bruce P. 
Published: May 2016

Previous research on the small mammal population recovered from archeological excavations at the Wasden Site in southeastern Idaho suggests that changing frequency distributions through time represent a shift in climate during the early Holocene from a cooler, wetter regime to a warmer, drier one. This conclusion was re-evaluated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bone collagen from the three species of small mammals examined in the earlier studies: pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), and ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii). Resulting carbon and nitrogen isotopic values are consistent with known differences in feeding ecology, suggesting high fidelity as proxies for past vegetation (and thus climate) regimes. Patterns of 15N enrichment and increased representation of C4-CAM vegetation observed in the pocket gophers, and to a lesser extent ground squirrels, suggests increasing warmth and/or aridity from the early Holocene until ∼7000 cal yr BP, thus supporting previous hypotheses of climate change on the eastern Snake River Plain. The results highlight the potential contribution of such studies for archeological research by providing additional proxies for environmental conditions that bear on paleoecological adaptations to climatic change, including past human use and occupation of the region.
Moral Salience and the Role of Goodwill in Firm-Stakeholder Trust Repair
Authors: Brown Jill A. , Buchholtz Ann K. , Dunn Paul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT:Re-establishing trust presents a complex challenge for a firm after it commits corporate misconduct. We introduce a new construct, moral salience, which we define as the extent to which the firm’s behavior is morally noticeable to the stakeholder. Moral salience is a function of both the moral intensity of the firm’s behavior and the relational intensity of the firm-stakeholder psychological contract. We apply this moral salience construct to firm misconduct to develop a model of trust repair that is based on goodwill, and moderated by the firm’s stakeholder culture.
Outlining the Case for a Common Law Duty of Care of Business to Exercise Human Rights Due Diligence
Authors: CASSEL Doug 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article outlines the case for a business duty of care to exercise human rights due diligence, judicially enforceable in common law countries by tort suits for negligence brought by persons whose potential injuries were reasonably foreseeable. A parent company’s duty of care would extend to the human rights impacts of all entities in the enterprise, including subsidiaries. A company would not be liable for breach of the duty of care if it proves that it reasonably exercised due diligence as set forth in the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. On the other hand, a company’s failure to exercise due diligence would create a rebuttable presumption of causation and hence liability. A company could then avoid liability only by carrying its burden to prove that the risk of the human rights violations was not reasonably foreseeable, or that the damages would have resulted even if the company had exercised due diligence.
Corporations and Human Rights Obligations
Authors: ARNOLD Denis G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe claim that corporations have human rights obligations remains contentious and can be fraught with confusion. This article synthesizes existing corporate human rights theory and responds to objections to the idea that transnational corporations (TNCs) have human rights obligations. The argument proceeds in three stages. The first section describes the different forms TNCs take and explains why TNCs are properly understood as moral agents responsible for their policies and practices. The second section reviews and explains different philosophical theories of corporate human rights obligations. The third section articulates and responds to objections to the idea that corporations have human rights obligations. The main conclusion of this article is that there are multiple, compelling and overlapping justifications of corporate human rights obligations.
Decadal evolution of a very small heavily debris-covered glacier in an Alpine permafrost environment
Authors: CAPT M. , BOSSON J.-B. , FISCHER M. , MICHELETTI N. , LAMBIEL C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlacier response to climate forcing can be heterogeneous and complex, depending on glacier system characteristics. This article presents the decadal evolution of the Tsarmine Glacier (Swiss Alps), a very small and heavily debris-covered cirque glacier located in the Alpine periglacial belt. Archival aerial photogrammetry and autocorrelation of orthophotos were used to compute surface elevation, volume and geodetic mass changes, as well as horizontal displacement rates for several periods between 1967 and 2012. A GPR survey allowed us to investigate glacier thickness (15 m mean) and volume (4 × 106m3) in 2015 and to anticipate its future evolution. Different dynamics occurred in recent decades because of the heterogeneous surface characteristics. The climate-sensitive upper debris-free zone contrasts with the progressively stagnant heavily debris-covered glacier tongue. Between 1967 and 2012, the glacier lost 1/3 of its initial volume (2 × 106m3). The average mass balance stabilised at ~−0.3 m w.e. a−1since 1999. Compared with other local glaciers, the Tsarmine Glacier shows a particular decadal behaviour both in time (divergence of mass balance since the 2000s) and space (inverted ablation pattern). This might be explained by the combined influence of debris cover, shadow, snow redistribution and permafrost conditions on this very small glacier.
Glacier area shrinkage in eastern Nepal Himalaya since 1992 using high-resolution inventories from aerial photographs and ALOS satellite images
Authors: OJHA SUNAL , FUJITA KOJI , ASAHI KATSUHIKO , SAKAI AKIKO , LAMSAL DAMODAR , NUIMURA TAKAYUKI , NAGAI HIROTO 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTTo better understand the recent wide-scale changes in glacier coverage, we created and compared two glacier inventories covering eastern Nepal, based on aerial photographs (1992) and high-resolution Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) imagery (2006–10). The ALOS-derived inventory contained 1034 debris-free and 256 debris-covered glaciers with total and average areas of 440.2 ± 33.3 and 0.42 km2and 1074.4 ± 206.4 and 4.19 km2, respectively. We found that the debris-free glaciers have lost 11.2% (0.7 ± 0.1% a−1) of their area since 1992, whereas the number of glaciers increased by 5% because of fragmentation. The area change was significantly correlated by simple linear regression with minimum elevation (r= 0.30), maximum elevation (r= −0.18), altitudinal range (r= −0.50), glacier area (r= −0.62) and mean slope (r= 0.16), confirming that larger glaciers tended to lose a larger area (but a smaller percentage) than smaller glaciers. The intra-regional analysis of the glacier changes clearly showed higher shrinkage rates in the western massifs compared with the eastern massifs. In addition, 61 small glaciers covering an area of 2.4 km2have completely disappeared since 1992.
Breakfast consumption and weight-loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study
Authors: Brikou Dora , Zannidi Dimitra , Karfopoulou Eleni , Anastasiou Costas A. , Yannakoulia Mary 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDaily breakfast consumption is a common eating behaviour among people who have maintained their weight loss after weight-loss management. However, there is not a precise definition for breakfast in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between breakfast consumption (based on several definitions) and weight-loss maintenance, as well as to explore differences in breakfast quality between individuals who managed to maintain part of the weight loss and in those who regained weight loss. The study sample consisted of 354 participants of the MedWeight study (age: 32 (sd 10) years, 61 % women) who had lost ≥10 % of their initial body weight and either maintained the loss for ≥1 year (maintainers, n 257) or regained weight loss (regainers, n 97). Participants completed online questionnaires and reported their dietary intake through two telephone 24-h recalls. Breakfast consumption was evaluated using twelve different definitions. The analysis indicated that breakfast consumption was associated with weight-loss maintenance only in men, when using self-reported breakfast consumption or the following breakfast definitions: (1) the first eating episode consumed at home and (2) the first eating episode consumed at home excluding caffeinated drinks. This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Thus, breakfast, the first eating episode of the day, when consumed at home, may be protective against weight regaining.
Nudging consumers towards healthier choices: a systematic review of positional influences on food choice
Authors: Bucher Tamara , Collins Clare , Rollo Megan E. , McCaffrey Tracy A. , De Vlieger Nienke , Van der Bend Daphne , Truby Helen , Perez-Cueto Federico J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNudging or ‘choice architecture’ refers to strategic changes in the environment that are anticipated to alter people’s behaviour in a predictable way, without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. Nudging strategies may be used to promote healthy eating behaviour. However, to date, the scientific evidence has not been systematically reviewed to enable practitioners and policymakers to implement, or argue for the implementation of, specific measures to support nudging strategies. This systematic review investigated the effect of positional changes of food placement on food choice. In total, seven scientific databases were searched using relevant keywords to identify interventions that manipulated food position (proximity or order) to generate a change in food selection, sales or consumption, among normal-weight or overweight individuals across any age group. From 2576 identified articles, fifteen articles comprising eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria. This review has identified that manipulation of food product order or proximity can influence food choice. Such approaches offer promise in terms of impacting on consumer behaviour. However, there is a need for high-quality studies that quantify the magnitude of positional effects on food choice in conjunction with measuring the impact on food intake, particularly in the longer term. Future studies should use outcome measures such as change in grams of food consumed or energy intake to quantify the impact on dietary intake and potential impacts on nutrition-related health. Research is also needed to evaluate potential compensatory behaviours secondary to such interventions.
MILITANT CATHOLICISM, INTERCONFESSIONAL RELATIONS, AND THE ROOKWOOD FAMILY OF STANNINGFIELD, SUFFOLK, c. 1689–1737
Authors: BROWN CARYS 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExplanations of local interconfessional relations in post-revolutionary England tend to highlight the role of Catholic quiescence and compromise in allowing Protestants and Catholics to ‘get along’. By examining the interactions of a Catholic family who were far from quiescent in their religious and political practice, this article suggests that these explanations may overemphasize the compromise of religious minorities, obscuring the importance of the wider local context to the shape of interconfessional relations. The subjects of this study, the Rookwoods of Stanningfield, Suffolk, were active in expression of Catholic religion and its political implications. Contrary to patterns suggested elsewhere, the social and economic interactions of this family with their neighbours illustrate that such ardent Catholicism was not enough to prevent cordial relations with local Protestants. The social and economic importance of the Rookwoods within their community is used to make suggestions as to why they were accepted on the local level against a backdrop of wider anti-Catholic polemic. The example of the Rookwoods implies a need to explore the broader factors which shaped the underlying balance of power on a local level before it is possible to understand the nature of compromises that allowed for peaceful co-existence.
Gambling Preferences, Options Markets, and Volatility
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Bowles T. Boone , Whitby Ryan J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examines whether the gambling behavior of investors affects volume and volatility in financial markets. Focusing on the options market, we find that the ratio of call option volume relative to total option volume is greatest for stocks with return distributions that resemble lotteries. Consistent with the theoretical predictions of Stein (1987), we demonstrate that gambling-motivated trading in the options market influences future spot price volatility. These results not only identify a link between lottery preferences in the stock market and the options market, but they also suggest that lottery preferences can lead to destabilized stock prices.
A Probable Cattle-Handling Settlement in the Windrush Valley, Oxfordshire: A Brief Summary of 25 Years Work at Gill Mill Quarry, Ducklington and South Leigh
Authors: Booth Paul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTExtensive long-term excavations at Gill Mill revealed polyfocal floodplain settlement of middle Iron Age date, one area continuing in occupation into the early/mid-third centurya.d.Elsewhere a nucleated site ofc.10 ha developedde novofrom the early second century around a network of minor roads. Characterised by extensive systems of enclosures and limited structural evidence (but probably including a shrine), this settlement, occupied up to abouta.d.370, is interpreted as concerned principally with cattle management and marketing, perhaps with a partly seasonal population base.
Recent Discoveries in the Fort and Extramural Settlement at Vindolanda: Excavations from 2009–2015
Authors: Birley Andrew , Meyer Alexander , Greene Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe most recent work at Vindolanda has produced some startling results which both support and challenge our standing interpretations of some aspects of the frontier zone in Roman Britain. These include the timeline for the development of forts on the frontier, the foundation of extramural settlements and the relationship between fort and extramural settlement. The work raises questions not only about Vindolanda but more generally about the formation of the frontier itself and the interpretation of the archaeology of other sites.
Using Mao to Package Criminal Justice Discourse in 21st-century China
Authors: Trevaskes Susan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract“Strike hard” anti-crime campaigns, “harmonious justice” and “stability maintenance” are the three key politically inspired agendas of crime control and punishment in 21st-century China. This paper is a study of how discourse has helped to package these agendas and to mobilize politico-legal functionaries into action. It examines discourse in the first weeks of the 2014 “people's war on terror” and the agendas of “harmonious justice” and “stability maintenance” in the Hu Jintao era. It finds that each has been rationalized and shaped by an understanding of the utility of punishment based on Mao's utilitarian dialectics. The political virtuosity of Mao's dialectics is that it can be adapted to suit any political situation. In understanding how Mao connects with criminal justice in China today, this paper identifies what is the “political” in “politico-legal” discourse in the fight against crime in the 21st century.
The Empire of Tamerlane as an Adaptation of the Mongol Empire: An answer to David Morgan, “The Empire of Tamerlane: An Unsuccessful Re-Run of the Mongol State?”
Authors: MANZ BEATRICE F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractI write this article in the spirit of the Persian poetic tradition, in which an answer to an earlier work takes off from the original and charts its own course. I will suggest that Tamerlane's recreation of the Mongol Empire was symbolic, and was part of his successful creation of a regional state which was at once Turco-Mongolian and Perso-Islamic. His experiment was continued and elaborated by his successors, and the resulting state provided a highly useful model for later dynasties in the Middle East and Central Asia.Through my long engagement with Mongols and Turks, David Morgan's influence and aid have been a constant advantage and his friendship a recurring pleasure. Our acquaintance began in 1987 with a kind letter he sent me after reading the manuscript forThe Rise and Rule of Tamerlanefor the Cambridge University Press. Since then I have profited from his scholarship, have used his two books to teach generations of students, and have called on him for uncountable letters of recommendation, always generously given. I also want to thank David for asking me to write the Mongol chapter for theNew Cambridge History of Islam, and thus attracting me into the Mongol period. It may seem odd to express my gratitude by writing an answer to David's article which is not entirely in agreement with his conclusions. I trust in the well-known openness of his mind and assume that he will take this in the spirit in which it is offered, as the continuation of many years of discussion.
Political Metaphors and Concepts in the Writings of an Eleventh-Century Sunni Scholar, Abū al-Ma‛ālī al-Juwaynī (419 – 478/1028 – 1085)
Authors: ANJUM OVAMIR 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article investigates political vocabulary and metaphor in the writings of al-Juwayni (d. 1085) to bring out the commitments and presuppositions of premodern Islamic political tradition and raises the question of their compatibility with those of the modern nation-state.
Al-Afḍal the Son of Saladin and His Reputation
Authors: HAWTING GERALD 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe period following the death of Saladin (589/1193) was a formative one in the history of the Ayyūbid empire. It saw the eventual establishment of Saladin's younger brother Sayf al-Dīn al-Malik al-ʿĀdil as the acknowledged sovereign of the various territories ruled by members of the Ayyūbid family, overturning the succession arrangements that Saladin had put into place; and it established modes of behaviour to be followed, mutatis mutandis, following the death of a leading Ayyūbid ruler on future occasions. The main loser in al-ʿĀdil's rise to the sultanate was Saladin's eldest son, al-Malik al-Afḍal ʿAlī, whom some have written off as an incompetent failure. In this paper for David Morgan, for many years my trusted colleague in the SOAS History Department, I suggest that that judgment on al-Afḍal is open to appeal.