bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Conjoncture économique des Pays étrangers
Authors: Rousseaux Paul 
Published: August 2016

La situation économique générale de la Grande-Bretagne ne paraît pas avoir subi de modifications importantes au cours du trimestre qui se termine en avril. La légère amélioration qui se dessinait au cours du mois de février peut être considérée comme s’étant maintenue dans l’ensemble. Les répercussions de la tension internationale de fin mars-début d’avril ont été moins profondes qu’on aurait pu le craindre; d’autre part le mouvement de reprise n’a pas encore atteint au cours de ces trois mois le développement que l’on constate au cours des dernières semaines.Les cours des actions et des obligations qui s’étaient relevés jusqu’au mois de mars cnt fléchi en avril sous la pression des événements extérieurs, mais les cours au 15 mai indiquent un redressement. Les effets de la crise internationale se sont manifestés très nettement sur le marché de l’argent, où le taux d’escompte est passé de 0.53 p. c. au milieu de mars à 1.57 p. c. à mi-avril, pour revenir à 0.66 p. c. durant la semaine du 15 mai. Les prix de gros ont peu fluctué. L’indice des produits non alimentaires est resté stable; celui des produits d’alimentation a baissé de janvier à mars et s’est ensuite relevé. Le coût de la vie est en progression régulière depuis le mois de février, d’où, en raison de la stabilité des salaires hebdomadaires nominaux, le fléchissement de l’indice des salaires réels au cours des deux derniers mois.
Gp130-mediated STAT3 activation by S-propargyl-cysteine, an endogenous hydrogen sulfide initiator, prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Wu J , Guo W , Lin S-Z , Wang Z-J , Kan J-T , Chen S-Y , Zhu Y-Z 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox) could trigger a large amount of apoptotic cells in the myocardium, which leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC), a producing agent of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), possesses cardioprotective efficacy. However, the specific effect and mechanism of SPRC in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity remain elusive. Given gp130 with its main downstream signaling molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), is involved in cardiac myocyte survival and growth; the present study was performed to elucidate whether SPRC counteracts Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and if so, whether the gp130/STAT3 pathway is involved in this cardioprotective activity. SPRC stimulated the activation of STAT3 via gp130-mediated transduction tunnelin vitroandin vivo. In Dox-stimulated cardiotoxicity, SPRC enhanced cell viability, restored expression of gp130/STAT3-regulated downstream genes, inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress, and antagonized mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular Ca2+overload. Intriguingly, blockade of gp130/STAT3 signaling abrogated all these beneficial capacities of SPRC. Our findings present the first piece of evidence for the therapeutic properties of SPRC in alleviating Dox cardiotoxicity, which could be attributed to the activation of gp130-mediated STAT3 signaling. This will offer a novel molecular basis and therapeutic strategy of H2S donor for the treatment of heart failure.
Local dynamics of topological magnetic defects in the itinerant helimagnet FeGe
Authors: Dussaux A. , Schoenherr P. , Koumpouras K. , Chico J. , Chang K. , Lorenzelli L. , Kanazawa N. , Tokura Y. , Garst M. , Bergman A. , Degen C. L. , Meier D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChiral magnetic interactions induce complex spin textures including helical and conical spin spirals, as well as particle-like objects such as magnetic skyrmions and merons. These spin textures are the basis for innovative device paradigms and give rise to exotic topological phenomena, thus being of interest for both applied and fundamental sciences. Present key questions address the dynamics of the spin system and emergent topological defects. Here we analyse the micromagnetic dynamics in the helimagnetic phase of FeGe. By combining magnetic force microscopy, single-spin magnetometry and Landau–Lifschitz–Gilbert simulations we show that the nanoscale dynamics are governed by the depinning and subsequent motion of magnetic edge dislocations. The motion of these topologically stable objects triggers perturbations that can propagate over mesoscopic length scales. The observation of stochastic instabilities in the micromagnetic structure provides insight to the spatio-temporal dynamics of itinerant helimagnets and topological defects, and discloses open challenges regarding their technological usage.
Defective TiO2 with high photoconductive gain for efficient and stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Yanbo , Cooper Jason K. , Liu Wenjun , Sutter-Fella Carolin M. , Amani Matin , Beeman Jeffrey W. , Javey Ali , Ager Joel W. , Liu Yi , Toma Francesca M. , Sharp Ian D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFormation of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells exhibiting both high efficiency and stability under continuous operation remains a challenge. Here, we show this can be achieved by using a defective TiO2 thin film as the electron transport layer. TiO2 layers with native defects are deposited by electron beam evaporation in an oxygen-deficient environment. Deep-level hole traps are introduced in the TiO2 layers and contribute to a high photoconductive gain and reduced photocatalytic activity. The high photoconductivity of the TiO2 electron transport layer leads to improved efficiency for the fabricated planar devices. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.0% and an average PCE of 17.5% are achieved. In addition, the reduced photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 layer leads to enhanced long-term stability for the planar devices. Under continuous operation near the maximum power point, an efficiency of over 15.4% is demonstrated for 100 h.
Coevolution of parental investment and sexually selected traits drives sex-role divergence
Authors: Fromhage Lutz , Jennions Michael D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSex-role evolution theory attempts to explain the origin and direction of male–female differences. A fundamental question is why anisogamy, the difference in gamete size that defines the sexes, has repeatedly led to large differences in subsequent parental care. Here we construct models to confirm predictions that individuals benefit less from caring when they face stronger sexual selection and/or lower certainty of parentage. However, we overturn the widely cited claim that a negative feedback between the operational sex ratio and the opportunity cost of care selects for egalitarian sex roles. We further argue that our model does not predict any effect of the adult sex ratio (ASR) that is independent of the source of ASR variation. Finally, to increase realism and unify earlier models, we allow for coevolution between parental investment and investment in sexually selected traits. Our model confirms that small initial differences in parental investment tend to increase due to positive evolutionary feedback, formally supporting long-standing, but unsubstantiated, verbal arguments.
Dapagliflozin stimulates glucagon secretion at high glucose: experiments and mathematical simulations of human A-cells
Authors: Pedersen Morten Gram , Ahlstedt Ingela , El Hachmane Mickaël F. , Göpel Sven O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlucagon is one of the main regulators of blood glucose levels and dysfunctional stimulus secretion coupling in pancreatic A-cells is believed to be an important factor during development of diabetes. However, regulation of glucagon secretion is poorly understood. Recently it has been shown that Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors used for the treatment of diabetes increase glucagon levels in man. Here, we show experimentally that the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin increases glucagon secretion at high glucose levels both in human and mouse islets, but has little effect at low glucose concentrations. Because glucagon secretion is regulated by electrical activity we developed a mathematical model of A-cell electrical activity based on published data from human A-cells. With operating SGLT2, simulated glucose application leads to cell depolarization and inactivation of the voltage-gated ion channels carrying the action potential and hence to reduce action potential height. According to our model, inhibition of SGLT2 reduces glucose-induced depolarization via electrical mechanisms. We suggest that blocking SGLTs partly relieves glucose suppression of glucagon secretion by allowing full-scale action potentials to develop. Based on our simulations we propose that SGLT2 is a glucose sensor and actively contributes to regulation of glucagon levels in humans which has clinical implications.
Feasibility of urinary microRNA profiling detection in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its potential as a non-invasive biomarker
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Xiao-Qing , Zhou Da-Xue , Cui Yue , Deng Lin-Lin , Yang Ting , Shao Yong , Ding Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), a pregnancy-related liver disease, leads to complications for both mother and fetus. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as candidate biomarkers for many diseases. So far, the circulating miRNAs profiling of ICP has not been investigated. To assess the urinary miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for ICP, a differential miRNA profiling was initially analyzed by individual quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay in urinary samples from a screening set including 10 ICP and 10 healthy pregnancies. The selected candidate miRNAs were then validated by a validation set with 40 ICP and 50 healthy pregnancies using individual qRT-PCR assay. Compared with the expression in urine of healthy pregnant women, the expression levels of hsa-miR-151-3p and hsa-miR-300 were significantly down-regulated, whereas hsa-miR-671-3p and hsa-miR-369-5p were significantly up-regulated in urine from ICP patients (p < 0.05 and false discovery rate < 0.05). A binary logistic regression model was constructed using the four miRNAs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.913 (95% confidence interval = 0.847 to 0.980; sensitivity = 82.9%, specificity = 87.0%). Therefore, urinary microRNA profiling detection in ICP is feasible and maternal urinary miRNAs have the potential to be non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of ICP.
Single molecule super-resolution imaging of proteins in living Salmonella enterica using self-labelling enzymes
Authors: Barlag Britta , Beutel Oliver , Janning Dennis , Czarniak Frederik , Richter Christian P. , Kommnick Carina , Göser Vera , Kurre Rainer , Fabiani Florian , Erhardt Marc , Piehler Jacob , Hensel Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe investigation of the subcellular localization, dynamics and interaction of proteins and protein complexes in prokaryotes is complicated by the small size of the cells. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprise various new techniques that allow light microscopy with a resolution that can be up to ten-fold higher than conventional light microscopy. Application of SRM techniques to living prokaryotes demands the introduction of suitable fluorescent probes, usually by fusion of proteins of interest to fluorescent proteins with properties compatible to SRM. Here we describe an approach that is based on the genetically encoded self-labelling enzymes HaloTag and SNAP-tag. Proteins of interest are fused to HaloTag or SNAP-tag and cell permeable substrates can be labelled with various SRM-compatible fluorochromes. Fusions of the enzyme tags to subunits of a type I secretion system (T1SS), a T3SS, the flagellar rotor and a transcription factor were generated and analysed in living Salmonella enterica. The new approach is versatile in tagging proteins of interest in bacterial cells and allows to determine the number, relative subcellular localization and dynamics of protein complexes in living cells.
15-Lipoxygenase metabolites of α-linolenic acid, [13-(S)-HPOTrE and 13-(S)-HOTrE], mediate anti-inflammatory effects by inactivating NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Gupta Geetika , Anilkumar Kotha , Fatima Naireen , Karnati Roy , Reddy Gorla Venkateswara , Giri Priyanka Voori , Reddanna Pallu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) appears to be critical in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes and to maintain cellular homeostasis. While a high proportion of dietary intake of ω-6 PUFAs is associated with various inflammatory disorders, higher intake of ω-3 PUFAs is known to offer protection. It is now well established that beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs are mediated in part by their oxygenated metabolites mainly via the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. However, the down-stream signaling pathways that are involved in these anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 PUFAs have not been elucidated. The present study evaluates the effects of 15-LOX metabolites of α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3 PUFA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Further, the effect of these metabolites on the survival of BALB/c mice in LPS mediated septic shock and also polymicrobial sepsis in Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP) mouse model was studied. These studies reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of 13-(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid [13-(S)-HPOTrE] and 13-(S)-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid [13-(S)-HOTrE] by inactivating NLRP3 inflammasome complex through the PPAR-γ pathway. Additionally, both metabolites also deactivated autophagy and induced apoptosis. In mediating all these effects 13-(S)-HPOTrE was more potent than 13-(S)-HOTrE.
HIV and Cocaine Impact Glial Metabolism: Energy Sensor AMP-activated protein kinase Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Epigenetic Remodeling
Authors: Samikkannu Thangavel , Atluri Venkata S. R. , Nair Madhavan P. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHIV infection and cocaine use have been identified as risk factors for triggering neuronal dysfunction. In the central nervous system (CNS), energy resource and metabolic function are regulated by astroglia. Glia is the major reservoir of HIV infection and disease progression in CNS. However, the role of cocaine in accelerating HIV associated energy deficit and its impact on neuronal dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HIV associated neuropathogenesis in cocaine abuse and how it accelerates the energy sensor AMPKs and its subsequent effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), BRSKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau, Wee1 and epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF. Results showed that cocaine exposure during HIV infection significantly increased the level of p24, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP-utilization and upregulated energy sensor AMPKs, CDC25B/C, MAP/Tau and Wee1 protein expression. Increased ROS production subsequently inhibits OCR/ECAR ratio and OXPHOS and eventually upregulate epigenetics remodeling complex SWI/SNF in CHME-5 cells. These results suggest that HIV infection induced energy deficit and metabolic dysfunction is accelerated by cocaine inducing energy sensor AMPKs, mitochondrial biogenesis and chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF activation, which may lead to neuroAIDS disease progression.
Post-Testicular Sperm Maturation: Centriole Pairs, Found in Upper Epididymis, are Destroyed Prior to Sperm’s Release at Ejaculation
Authors: Simerly C. , Castro C. , Hartnett C. , Lin C. C. , Sukhwani M. , Orwig K. , Schatten G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe fertilizing sperm’s lengthiest unchartered voyage is through the longest, least-investigated organ in a man’s body – the Epididymis. Over six meters long in men, ~80 meters in stallions and over one-hundred times a mouse’s body length, there are few functions known aside from sperm storage and nutrition. While spermatogenesis is completed in the testes, here we demonstrate sperm centriole reduction occurs within the epididymis. Investigations of GFP-CENTR mice and controls demonstrate both the presence of centriole pairs in the upper caput region of the epididymis and, the destruction, first, of the distal and, then, of the proximal centriole as the sperm transits to the cauda and vas deferens in preparation for its climactic release. These centrioles can neither recruit γ-tubulin nor nucleate microtubules when eggs are inseminated or microinjected, yet numerous maternally-nucleated cytasters are found. These sperm centrioles appear as vestigial basal bodies, destroyed in the mid-to-lower corpus. Post-testicular sperm maturation, in which sperm centrioles found in the caput are destroyed prior to ejaculation, is a newly discovered function for the epididymis.
Glycaemic Profiles of Children With Overweight and Obesity in Free-living Conditions in Association With Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Rijks Jesse , Karnebeek Kylie , van Dijk Jan-Willem , Dorenbos Elke , Gerver Willem-Jan , Stouthart Pauline , Plat Jogchum , Vreugdenhil Anita 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInsulin resistance is common among children with overweight and obesity. However, knowledge about glucose fluctuations in these children is scarce. This study aims to evaluate glycaemic profiles in children with overweight and obesity in free-living conditions and to examine the association between glycaemic profiles with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk parameters. One hundred eleven children with overweight and obesity were included. 48-hour sensor glucose concentrations in free-living conditions, fasting plasma and post-glucose load concentrations, serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood pressure were evaluated. Hyperglycaemic glucose excursions (≥7.8 mmol/L) were observed in 25% (n = 28) of the children. The median sensor glucose concentration was 5.0 (2.7–7.3) mmol/L and correlated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (rs = 0.190, p = 0.046), serum insulin concentrations (rs = 0.218, p = 0.021) and HOMA-IR (rs = 0.230, p = 0.015). The hyperglycaemic area under the curve (AUC) correlated with waist circumference z-score (rs = 0.455, p = 0.025), triacylglycerol concentrations (rs = 0.425, p = 0.024) and HOMA-IR (rs = 0.616, p < 0.001). In conclusion, hyperglycaemic glucose excursions are frequently observed in children with overweight and obesity in free-living conditions. Children with insulin resistance had higher median sensor glucose concentrations and a larger hyperglycaemic sensor glucose AUC, which are both associated with specific parameters predicting cardiovascular disease risk.
Mouse genotypes drive the liver and adrenal gland clocks
Authors: Košir Rok , Prosenc Zmrzljak Uršula , Korenčič Anja , Juvan Peter , Ačimovič Jure , Rozman Damjana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCircadian rhythms regulate a plethora of physiological processes. Perturbations of the rhythm can result in pathologies which are frequently studied in inbred mouse strains. We show that the genotype of mouse lines defines the circadian gene expression patterns. Expression of majority of core clock and output metabolic genes are phase delayed in the C56BL/6J line compared to 129S2 in the adrenal glands and the liver. Circadian amplitudes are generally higher in the 129S2 line. Experiments in dark – dark (DD) and light – dark conditions (LD), exome sequencing and data mining proposed that mouse lines differ in single nucleotide variants in the binding regions of clock related transcription factors in open chromatin regions. A possible mechanisms of differential circadian expression could be the entrainment and transmission of the light signal to peripheral organs. This is supported by the genotype effect in adrenal glands that is largest under LD, and by the high number of single nucleotide variants in the Receptor, Kinase and G-protein coupled receptor Panther molecular function categories. Different phenotypes of the two mouse lines and changed amino acid sequence of the Period 2 protein possibly contribute further to the observed differences in circadian gene expression.
The role of Rab6a and phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin IIA tailpiece in alcohol-induced Golgi disorganization
Authors: Petrosyan Armen , Casey Carol A. , Cheng Pi-Wan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAbnormalities in the Golgi apparatus function are important to the development of alcoholic liver injury. We recently reported that Golgi disorganization in ethanol (EtOH)-treated hepatocytes is caused by impaired dimerization of the largest Golgi matrix protein, giantin. However, little is known about the mechanism which forces fragmentation. Here, in both HepG2 cells overexpressing alcohol dehydrogenase and in rat hepatocytes, we found that EtOH administration reduces the complex between giantin and Rab6a GTPase and results in the S1943 phosphorylation of non-muscle Myosin IIA (NMIIA) heavy chain, thus facilitating NMIIA association with Golgi enzymes, as detected by biochemical approaches and 3D Structured Illumination Microscopy. We revealed that NMIIA-P-S1943 competes with giantin for the Rab6a dimer, which was converted to monomer after Golgi fragmentation. Therefore, Rab6a plays a dual role in the Golgi, serving as master regulator of Golgi organization and disorganization and that NMIIA and giantin engage in a “tug-of-war”. However, the inhibition of F-actin and downregulation of NMIIA or overexpression of NMHC-IIAΔtailpiece, as well the overexpression of dominant negative Rab6a(T27N), preserved a compact Golgi phenotype. Thus, the actomyosin complex forces EtOH-induced Golgi disorganization and the targeting of NMIIA-P-S1943 may be important for preventing the damaging effects of alcohol metabolism on the cell.
Eliciting the Functional Taxonomy from protein annotations and taxa
Authors: Falda Marco , Lavezzo Enrico , Fontana Paolo , Bianco Luca , Berselli Michele , Formentin Elide , Toppo Stefano 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe advances of omics technologies have triggered the production of an enormous volume of data coming from thousands of species. Meanwhile, joint international efforts like the Gene Ontology (GO) consortium have worked to provide functional information for a vast amount of proteins. With these data available, we have developed FunTaxIS, a tool that is the first attempt to infer functional taxonomy (i.e. how functions are distributed over taxa) combining functional and taxonomic information. FunTaxIS is able to define a taxon specific functional space by exploiting annotation frequencies in order to establish if a function can or cannot be used to annotate a certain species. The tool generates constraints between GO terms and taxa and then propagates these relations over the taxonomic tree and the GO graph. Since these constraints nearly cover the whole taxonomy, it is possible to obtain the mapping of a function over the taxonomy. FunTaxIS can be used to make functional comparative analyses among taxa, to detect improper associations between taxa and functions and to discover how functional knowledge is either distributed or missing. A benchmark test set based on six different model species has been devised to get useful insights on the generated taxonomic rules.