bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of the upper River Amazon giant catfish fishery
Authors: Batista V. S. , Alonso J. C. , Ladle R. J. , Fabré N. N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractArtisanal fishers of the upper reaches of the Amazon River use a variety of tactics to catch giant Brachyplatystoma catfish species: Brachyplatystoma vaillantii Valenciennes, Brachyplatystoma rouseauxii (Castelnau) and Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Lichtenstein). These catfish are migratory, caught with different gears, by different communities, and influenced by temporal and spatial changes in river conditions. Facing these factors, it was hypothesised that the catfish fishery yields in the headwaters of the Amazon are determined by fishing tactics efficiency, riverscape features and governance basis. Data on catfish yields were collected from two contrasting riverscapes (rapids and floodplains) in the most important Amazonian affluent in Colombia—the Caquetá River. Results indicated that: (1) catfish yield was strongly associated with fishing effort in both riverscapes, (2) seasonal drivers play an essential influence in the high rapids reach, and river level in the low floodplain reach, (3) community strategies affected yield, although the effect is different depending on the gear used as the environment profile affects enforcement. Based on the results, it was concluded that efficient upstream management of these species should combine specific measures for each riverscape with an integrated approach to the river production system that considers catfishes longitudinal migrations and the growth overfishing occurring in the Amazon estuary.
Deformation behaviour of aged coronal dentin
Authors: Montoya Carolina , Arola Dwayne , Ossa Edgar Alexander 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the changes in the time‐dependent deformation response of coronal dentin with ageing and its relationship with changes in chemical composition.BackgroundThe structural behaviour of dentin with ageing is affected by changes in the density and diameter of its dentinal tubules (ie porosity), as well as changes in chemical composition throughout the tooth. However, little is known about the time‐dependent deformation behaviour of aged dentin and the importance of its hierarchical structure and variations in chemical composition.Materials and methodsThe spherical indentation response of aged coronal dentin was analysed in the outer, middle and inner regions, and its time‐dependent deformation response was modelled in terms of its microstructure and chemical composition using a model recently proposed for young dentin.ResultsThe viscous deformation behaviour of aged dentin followed a power‐law response with a decrease in the stress exponent when compared to young dentin. These results can be explained by cross‐linking of the collagen present in the tissue.ConclusionA decrease in the deformation ability of aged dentin was found. This behaviour could be a result of a dissolution process and reprecipitation of the minerals present in intertubular dentin into the dentinal tubules.
Comparative study of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of concomitant therapy vs modified quadruple therapy comprising proton‐pump inhibitor, bismuth, amoxicillin, and metronidazole in Korea
Authors: Choe Jung Wan , Jung Sung Woo , Kim Seung Young , Hyun Jong Jin , Jung Young Kul , Koo Ja Seol , Yim Hyung Joon , Lee Sang Woo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe standard triple Helicobacter pylori regimen now shows unacceptably low treatment success in Korea. Administration of the concomitant therapy for 10 days, which has a high cure rate, is recommended as an alternative first‐line treatment in areas of high clarithromycin resistance including Korea. Recently, modified bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy with amoxicillin (PAM‐B therapy) showed excellent results, regardless of dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance. This study compared the concomitant therapy with PAM‐B therapy as a first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.MethodSubjects infected with H. pylori and naïve to treatment were performed a head‐to‐head comparison between 10‐day concomitant therapy [rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily] and 14‐day PAM‐B therapy [rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, metronidazole 750 mg, and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 600 mg (elemental bismuth 240 mg) twice daily]. Six weeks after treatment, H. pylori eradication was assessed.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy subjects were randomized. Both regimens achieved high cure rates: 83.0% (112/135) and 88.1% (119/135) by the intention‐to‐treat analysis and 95.5% (106/111) and 96.6% (114/118) by the per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses revealed no statistically significant difference in the eradication rate (P = .299 and P = .743, respectively). Rates of adverse events were similar between groups (25.2% vs 23.0%, P ‐value: .776) Adverse events, which resulted in poor compliance, occurred in six patients of each group, but there were no serious complications.ConclusionsPAM‐B therapy is as effective as concomitant therapy for eradicating H. pylori with comparative safety. PAM‐B therapy is regarded as a promising alternative to standard triple therapy for a first‐line eradication in Korea.
Amplification of FRS2 in atypical lipomatous tumour/well‐differentiated liposarcoma and de‐differentiated liposarcoma: a clinicopathological and genetic study of 146 cases
Authors: Jing Wenyi , Lan Ting , Chen Huijiao , Zhang Zhang , Chen Min , Peng Ran , He Xin , Zhang Hongying 
Published: January 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of FRS2 amplification and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT)/well‐differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/de‐differentiated liposarcoma (DDL).Methods and resultsFRS2 and MDM2 fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed on 146 tumours (70 ALT/WDLs and 76 DDLs). One hundred and eight control samples were included for FRS2 analysis. FRS2 amplification was detected in 136 of 146 (93.2%) ALT/WDL/DDLs, including 63 ALT/WDLs and 73 DDLs. A higher FRS2/CEP12 ratio was observed in DDLs than in ALT/WDLs (P = 0.0005). The FRS2/CEP12 ratio of peripheral tumours was lower than that of central tumours (P = 0.00004). All the ALT/WDL/DDLs showed MDM2 amplification (100%). The MDM2+/FRS2− series included seven ALT/WDLs and three DDLs. Four of seven (57.1%) MDM2+/FRS2− ALT/WDLs occurred in peripheral sites, slightly higher than the percentage of MDM2+/FRS2+ ALT/WDLs (28 of 63, 44.4%). All the three MDM2+/FRS2− DDLs (100%) were peripheral tumours, a much higher proportion than that of MDM2+/FRS2+ DDLs (10 of 73, 13.7%). A high percentage of homologous pleomorphic liposarcoma‐like DDLs (two of three) were observed in the MDM2+/FRS2− group. In the control group all the parosteal osteosarcomas (five of five, 100%) were FRS2 amplified, whereas the remaining 103 samples were FRS2 non‐amplified.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that FRS2 is amplified consistently in ALT/WDL/DDLs and offer another avenue for the investigation of the biology of this tumour group. MDM2+/FRS2− cases seem to be associated with certain clinicopathological features, and further investigation is needed.
Patient perspectives on de‐simplifying their single‐tablet co‐formulated antiretroviral therapy for societal cost savings
Authors: Krentz HB , Campbell S , Gill VC , Gill MJ 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe incremental costs of expanding antiretroviral (ARV) drug treatment to all HIV‐infected patients are substantial, so cost‐saving initiatives are important. Our objectives were to determine the acceptability and financial impact of de‐simplifying (i.e. switching) more expensive single‐tablet formulations (STFs) to less expensive generic‐based multi‐tablet components. We determined physician and patient perceptions and acceptance of STF de‐simplification within the context of a publicly funded ARV budget.MethodsProgramme costs were calculated for patients on ARVs followed at the Southern Alberta Clinic, Canada during 2016 (Cdn$). We focused on patients receiving Triumeq® and determined the savings if patients de‐simplified to eligible generic co‐formulations. We surveyed all prescribing physicians and a convenience sample of patients taking Triumeq® to see if, for budgetary purposes, they felt that de‐simplification would be acceptable.ResultsOf 1780 patients receiving ARVs, 62% (n = 1038) were on STF; 58% (n = 607) of patients on STF were on Triumeq®. The total annual cost of ARVs was $26 222 760. The cost for Triumeq® was $8 292 600. If every patient on Triumeq® switched to generic abacavir/lamivudine and Tivicay® (dolutegravir), total costs would decrease by $4 325 040. All physicians (n = 13) felt that de‐simplifying could be safely achieved. Forty‐eight per cent of 221 patients surveyed were agreeable to de‐simplifying for altruistic reasons, 27% said no, and 25% said maybe.ConclusionsDe‐simplifying Triumeq® generates large cost savings. Additional savings could be achieved by de‐simplifying other STFs. Both physicians and patients agreed that selective de‐simplification was acceptable; however, it may not be acceptable to every patient. Monitoring the medical and cost impacts of de‐simplification strategies seems warranted.
Phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic Bare‐faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon with description of a new genus
Authors: Fuchs Jérôme , Pasquet Eric , Stuart Bryan L. , Woxvold Iain A. , Duckworth J. W. , Bowie Rauri C. K. 
Published: January 2018

The recently described Bare‐faced Bulbul Pycnonotus hualon from Lao PDR has a very distinct morphology and habitat (karsts). Mitochondrial and nuclear data from the type material demonstrated that P. hualon is sister to members of the genus Spizixos. To highlight its unique morphology and phylogenetic distinctiveness, we describe a new monotypic genus for the Bare‐faced Bulbul.
Development of a stiffness‐angle law for simplifying the measurement of human hair stiffness
Authors: Jung I. K. , Park S. C. , Lee Y. R. , Bin S. A. , Hong Y. D. , Eun D. , Lee J. H. , Roh Y. S. , Kim B. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines the benefits of caffeine absorption on hair stiffness. To test hair stiffness, we have developed an evaluation method that is not only accurate, but also inexpensive. Our evaluation method for measuring hair stiffness culminated in a model, called the Stiffness‐Angle Law, which describes the elastic properties of hair and can be widely applied to the development of hair care products.MethodsSmall molecules (≤500 g mol−1) such as caffeine can be absorbed into hair. A common shampoo containing 4% caffeine was formulated and applied to hair 10 times, after which the hair stiffness was measured. The caffeine absorption of the treated hair was observed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a focal plane array (FPA) detector. Our evaluation method for measuring hair stiffness consists of a regular camera and a support for single strands of hair. After attaching the hair to the support, the bending angle of the hair was observed with a camera and measured. Then, the hair strand was weighed. The stiffness of the hair was calculated based on our proposed Stiffness‐Angle Law using three variables: angle, weight of hair and the distance the hair was pulled across the support.ResultsThe caffeine absorption was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The concentration of amide bond in the hair certainly increased due to caffeine absorption. After caffeine was absorbed into the hair, the bending angle and weight of the hair changed. Applying these measured changes to the Stiffness‐Angle Law, it was confirmed that the hair stiffness increased by 13.2% due to caffeine absorption.ConclusionThe theoretical results using the Stiffness‐Angle Law agree with the visual examinations of hair exposed to caffeine and also the known results of hair stiffness from a previous report. Our evaluation method combined with our proposed Stiffness‐Angle Law effectively provides an accurate and inexpensive evaluation technique for measuring bending stiffness of human hair.
Bioactive sol‐gel glasses: Processing, properties, and applications
Authors: Baino Francesco , Fiume Elisa , Miola Marta , Verné Enrica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSol‐gel route has shown its enormous potential in tissue engineering applications as an advantageous method for the production of bioactive glasses aimed at regenerating both hard and soft tissues. This review discusses the chemical aspects of the method with emphasis on the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of sol‐gel derived materials. The attention will be particularly focused on sol‐gel bioactive glasses and sol‐gel foam scaffolds for bone regeneration. The advantages deriving from the versatility of the sol‐gel method compared to the traditional melt‐quenching route will be underlined in terms of bioactivity, compositions, and processing parameters.
Long‐term pediatric skin eruption‐related hospitalizations in offspring conceived via fertility treatment
Authors: Krieger Yuval , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal , Harlev Avi , Landau Daniella , Horev Amir , Bogdanov‐Berezovsky Alexander , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough concerns have been raised regarding the long‐term health risks of offspring conceived following fertility treatments, limited information is available regarding their health status beyond the neonatal period. We aimed to evaluate the risk of long‐term eruptive dermatological morbidity among children born following fertility treatments as compared to those conceived spontaneously.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was conducted, including all singleton deliveries occurring between the years 1991 and 2014 at a single tertiary medical center. Fetuses with congenital malformations and multiple gestations were excluded. Children delivered following fertility treatment pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies were compared. Hospitalizations of the offspring up to the age of 18 years involving cutaneous eruptions were evaluated. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence and a Cox regression model to control for confounders.ResultsDuring the study period, 242,187 singleton deliveries met the inclusion criteria, 1.8% of which were following fertility treatments (n = 4324). Eruptive dermatological morbidity of the offspring up to the age of 18 years was significantly more common in the fertility treatment group (1.5%) as compared to spontaneous pregnancies (1.1%; P = 0.023). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve demonstrated a significantly higher cumulative incidence of eruptive dermatological morbidity following fertility treatments (log‐rank P = 0.007). Using the Cox regression model, while controlling for multiple confounders, fertility treatment was noted as an independent risk factor for long‐term pediatric eruptive dermatological morbidity (adjusted HR = 1.43, CI 1.12–1.83, P = 0.004).ConclusionSingletons conceived via fertility treatments appear to be at an increased risk for long‐term eruptive dermatological morbidity.
Water vapor thermal treatment effects on spark plasma sintered nanostructured ferritic alloy‐silicon carbide systems
Authors: Ning Kaijie , Lu Kathy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpark plasma sintered pure silicon carbide (SiC) and nanostructured ferritic alloy‐silicon carbide (NFA‐SiC) systems are investigated in a water vapor containing air atmosphere at elevated temperatures up to 1000°C. Both of them exhibit excellent corrosion resistance with a dense amorphous SiO2 layer as the main oxidation barrier. Crystalline α‐quartz and α‐cristobalite from the oxidation of silicides and SiC, respectively, further benefit the corrosion resistance. For the new NFA‐SiC system, the original graphite and silicide phases can be desirably sustained. The NFA‐SiC materials have promising applications in high temperature moist environments and are especially important for nuclear reactor cladding.
Chemical stability of superhard rhenium diboride at oxygen and moisture ambient environmental conditions prepared by mechanical milling
Authors: Granados‐Fitch Mizraim G. , Quintana‐Melgoza Juan M. , Juarez‐Arellano Erick A. , Avalos‐Borja Miguel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, rhenium diboride (ReB2) was obtained by mechanosynthesis at 640 minutes of milling. The obtained ReB2 was stored at oxygen and moisture ambient environmental conditions to know the chemical stability. The results indicate that ReB2 is totally decomposed at oxygen and moisture ambient environmental conditions. Furthermore, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of ReB2 samples after 26 months of storage shows that the final products of degradation are HReO4 (liquid), H3BO3, HBO2, and ReO3. Finally, a schematic diagram of the degradation sequence of ReB2 at oxygen and moisture ambient environmental conditions is proposed and validated with a thermodynamic analysis.
Renal denervation improves 24‐hour central and peripheral blood pressures, arterial stiffness, and peripheral resistance
Authors: Ott Christian , Franzen Klaas F. , Graf Tobias , Weil Joachim , Schmieder Roland E. , Reppel Michael , Mortensen Kai 
Published: January 2018

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and central BP are better predictors for overall cardiovascular risk and mortality than brachial BP. Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to reduce office brachial and central BP as well as brachial ambulatory BP, but data on central ambulatory BP are limited. Patients (N = 94) with treatment resistant hypertension (TRH) who underwent RDN were included. Ambulatory BP, including central pressures, hemodynamics, and arterial stiffness were measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12 months after RDN by an oscillometric device (MobiloGraph™). At 3, 6, and 12‐month follow‐ups, brachial ambulatory BP was reduced (P for all < .001). Consistently, central ambulatory BP was reduced (P for all < .001). Ambulatory assessed averaged daytime pulse wave velocity improved after RDN (P < .05). Total vascular resistance decreased (P for all < .01). In patients with TRH, RDN improves brachial and central ambulatory BP, arterial stiffness, and total vascular resistance, indicating an improvement of cardiovascular outcome.
Association of toothbrushing and proximal cleaning with periodontal health among Korean adults: Results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in year 2010 and 2012
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hoo , Shin Yoo‐Jin , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimToothbrushing (TB), dental flossing (DF) and inter‐dental brushing (IDB) are regarded as fundamental self‐care methods for periodontal health. Few evidences on its effectiveness on periodontal health are available. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the association of TB, DF, IDB and interaction effect with periodontal health.Materials and MethodsThe nationally representative 4,766 Korean adults aged 19 years and older were cross‐sectionally surveyed in 2010 and 2012. Periodontal health was defined as Community Periodontal Index 1–2 for gingivitis and 3–4 for periodontitis. The information about variables was from interview and blood analyses. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and the interaction effect between TB and proximal cleaning (PC: DF and/or IDB) were applied.ResultsToothbrushing thrice or more per day and DF were associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis by both 44%, while the preventive fraction of DF on gingivitis was 30%. The preventive fraction of interaction effects between TB thrice or more and PC were 78% for periodontitis and 68% for gingivitis among 40–59 year age group.ConclusionsToothbrushing and PC are independently associated with periodontal health. Hence, periodontists should recommend TB thrice or more per day and PC such as DF and IDB to promote periodontal health.
Microtensile bond strength of universal adhesives to flat versus Class I cavity dentin with pulpal pressure simulation
Authors: Lezaja Zebic Maja , Dzeletovic Bojan , Miletic Vesna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test long‐term microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of 2 universal adhesives applied to dentin following “total‐etch” (TE) or “self‐etch” (SE) protocols and aged by direct or indirect water exposure using simulated pulpal pressure.Materials and methodsSingle Bond Universal (SBU, 3M ESPE) or Ipera Bond (IP, Itena) were applied to mid‐coronal dentin (“flat dentin”) or Class I cavity (“cavity dentin”) following TE or SE protocols in 112 extracted human third molars. Sixteen groups (n = 7 per group) were prepared, 8 groups for µTBS measurements after 24 hours, and further 8 groups for measurements after 6 months storage. “Cavity dentin” groups were subjected to simulated hydrostatic pulpal pressure of 15 cm H2O using a custom‐made device before cutting 1 × 1 mm sticks while “flat dentin” groups were cut into sticks and directly exposed to deionized water.ResultsGenerally, the TE protocol resulted in highest µTBS values on flat dentin initially for both adhesives (general linear model, P < .05). Long‐term storage resulted in significantly lower µTBS values for the TE protocol (P < .05) while the SE protocol showed comparable values after 6 months (P > .05). “Cavity dentin” with simulated pulpal pressure resulted in lower µTBS than “flat dentin” (P < .05). For both adhesives, µTBS was in the range of 19‐42 MPa initially and 16‐36 MPa after 6 months storage.ConclusionsµTBS to dentin of universal adhesives is more stable in the long term following the SE than TE protocol. Simulated pulpal pressure and cavity‐type sample preparation may be recommended for µTBS testing as a more clinically relevant strategy.Clinical SignificanceMicrotensile bond strength to dentin of universal adhesives appears more stable following the “self‐etch” than “total‐etch” protocol after long‐term degradation. More clinically relevant data may be obtained using simulated pulpal pressure and cavity‐type sample preparation in the study design.
Mortality Risk Along the Frailty Spectrum: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2004
Authors: Crow Rebecca S. , Lohman Matthew C. , Titus Alexander J. , Bruce Martha L. , Mackenzie Todd A. , Bartels Stephen J. , Batsis John A. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between frailty and overall and cardiovascular mortality.DesignLongitudinal mortality analysis.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults aged 60 and older (N = 4,984; mean age 71.1 ± 0.19, 56% female).MeasurementsWe used data from 1999–2004 cross‐sectional NHANES and mortality data from the National Death Index, updated through December 2011. An adapted version of Fried's frailty criteria was used (low body mass index, slow walking speed, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity). Frailty was defined as persons meeting 3 or more criteria, prefrailty as meeting 1 or 2 criteria, and robust (reference) as not meeting any criteria. The primary outcome was to evaluate the association between frailty and overall and cardiovascular mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between risk of death and frailty category adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, education, coronary artery disease, heart failure, nonskin cancer, diabetes, and arthritis.ResultsHalf (50.4%) of participants were classified as robust, 40.3% as prefrail, and 9.2% as frail. Fully adjusted models demonstrated that prefrail (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–1.85) and frail (HR = 2.79, 95% CI = 2.35–3.30) participants had a greater risk of death and of cardiovascular death (prefrail: HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.45–2.34; frail: HR = 3.39, 95% CI = 2.45–4.70).ConclusionFrailty and prefrailty are associated with increased risk of death. Demonstrating the association between prefrail status and mortality is the first step to identifying potential targets of intervention in future studies.