bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nematopsis temporariae (Gregarinasina, Apicomplexa, Alveolata) is an intracellular infectious agent of tadpole livers
Authors: Chambouvet Aurélie , Valigurová Andrea , Pinheiro Lara M. , Richards Thomas A. , Jirků Miloslav 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAmphibians are in decline as a result of habitat destruction, climate change and infectious diseases. Tadpoles are thought susceptible to infections because they are dependent on only an innate immune system (e.g. macrophages). This is because the frog adaptive immune system does not function until later stages of their life cycle. In 1920, Nöller described a putative infectious agent of tadpoles named Nematopsis temporariae, which he putatively assigned to gregarine protists (Apicomplexa). Here, we identify a gregarine infection of tadpoles using both microscopy and ribosomal DNA sequencing of three different frog species (Rana temporaria, R. dalmatina, and Hyla arborea). We show that this protist lineage belongs to the subclass Gregarinasina Dufour 1828 and is regularly present in macrophages located in liver sinusoids of tadpoles, confirming the only known case of a gregarine infection of a vertebrate.
Serologic microbial associated markers can predict Crohn's disease behaviour years before disease diagnosis
Authors: Choung R. S. , Princen F. , Stockfisch T. P. , Torres J. , Maue A. C. , Porter C. K. , Leon F. , De Vroey B. , Singh S. , Riddle M. S. , Murray J. A. , Colombel J. F. ,   the PREDICTS Study Team
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundPatients with Crohn's disease (CD) have serologic responses to various microbial antigens. Serologic markers are associated with aggressive forms of disease and can be detected before onset of symptoms. Their utility in pre‐clinical disease or prediction of complicated disease course before diagnosis is unclear.AimTo evaluate the pattern of serologic anti‐microbial antibodies long prior to diagnosis and the subsequent risk of complicated Crohn's disease at diagnosis.MethodsSera from 100 US military personnel with Crohn's disease were obtained from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. For each patient, four samples were obtained at different time points before and around diagnosis, and were tested for 6 microbiota‐directed antibodies (ASCA‐IgA, ASCA‐IgG, anti‐OmpC, anti‐CBir1, anti‐A4‐Fla2 and anti‐FlaX). Associations between the presence and accumulation of Crohn's disease anti‐microbial antibodies before diagnosis and with the later development of complications were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 65 patients were positive for at least one Crohn's disease associated anti‐microbial antibody in the earliest available sample, at a median of 6 years before Crohn's disease diagnosis (interquartile range, 5.6–8.2). The number of positive anti‐microbial antibodies increased up to the time of Crohn's disease diagnosis. Complicated disease developed around the time of diagnosis in 24 patients. The proportion of positive antimicrobial antibodies before diagnosis was higher in patients with complicated vs. noncomplicated Crohn's disease. There was an inverse relationship between the time to first complication and the magnitude of serologic response before diagnosis.ConclusionThe presence and accumulation of circulating anti‐microbial antibodies years before Crohn's disease diagnosis was associated with complicated Crohn's disease at or shortly after diagnosis.
Stomach arteriovenous malformation resected by laparoscopy‐assisted surgery: A case report
Authors: Hotta Masahiro , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Cho Kazumitsu , Takao Yoshimune , Fukuoka Takeshi , Uchida Eiji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractArteriovenous malformations of the stomach are an uncommon cause of upper GI bleeding. We report a case of stomach arteriovenous malformation in an 85‐year‐old Asian man who presented with massive hematemesis. Initial esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not detect this lesion, but contrast multi‐detector CT confirmed GI bleeding. Multi‐detector CT revealed a mass of blood vessels underlying the submucosa that arose from the right gastroepiploic artery. Repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed that the lesion was a submucosal tumor with erosion and without active bleeding in the lower body of the stomach on the greater curvature. We performed partial gastrectomy via laparoscopy‐assisted surgery. The histopathological diagnosis was arteriovenous malformation.
Combined laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and robotic‐assisted prostatectomy for synchronous double cancer of the rectum and the prostate
Authors: Kamiyama Hirohiko , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , China Toshiyuki , Aoki Jun , Niwa Koichiro , Ishiyama Shun , Takahashi Makoto , Kojima Yutaka , Goto Michitoshi , Tomiki Yuichi , Horie Shigeo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHere we report a combined laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and robotic‐assisted prostatectomy. A 74‐year‐old man was diagnosed with T4b low rectal and prostate cancer. The operation was performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the rectal cancer. The procedure used eight ports in total, five for laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and six for robotic‐assisted prostatectomy. First, laparoscopic total mesorectal excision including division of the inferior mesenteric artery was performed, and then, robotic dissection of the prostate was performed. The en bloc specimen was removed through the perineal wound. Then, robotic urethrovesical anastomosis was performed. An extraperitoneal end colostomy was created to finish the operation. The operating time was 545 min, and blood loss was 170 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient discharged on postoperative day 17. The combined laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and robotic‐assisted prostatectomy were performed safely without any additional technical difficulty, as both procedures shared port settings and patient positions.
The First Decade with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register – A Systematic Review of the Output in the Scientific Literature
Authors: Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Wettermark Björn , Hoffmann Mikael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the scientific output from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) the first decade after its establishment. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, EMBASE and PubMed (2005–2014). Additional publications were identified by personal knowledge, reference lists, contact with active authors and a citation search in Web of Sciences. Publications using SPDR data were included in the analysis and characterized regarding study type, presence of patient‐level record linkage, target population and topic. A total of 719 publications were identified in the literature search and an additional 148 by other strategies. Three hundred and thirty‐eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority were analytic (n = 166; 49.1%) or descriptive (n = 100; 29.5%). The remaining studies focused on validation (n = 20; 5.9%), health economics (n = 16; 4.7%) or miscellaneous (n = 36; 10.7%). The analytic studies investigating effects of drug exposure focused mainly on safety (n = 46) and/or effectiveness (n = 24). The first publications appeared in 2007 (n = 6), and in 2014, 90 articles using SPDR were published. Over the years, linkage with other registers using the personal identity number increased (0–88.9% of the publications). The population was often selected by age (49.7%), condition (45.0%) and/or drug (22.8%) and concerned predominantly psychiatric (29.0%) and cardiovascular (20.4%) diseases. In conclusion, this study illustrates that the establishment of a nationwide individual‐based register on dispensed prescription drugs facilitates an encouraging development of pharmacoepidemiological research, both regarding the number of publications and the scientific level of the analyses.
Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems
Authors: Parikka Kaarle J. , Le Romancer Marc , Wauters Nina , Jacquet Stéphan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe discovery of the numerical importance of viruses in a variety of (aquatic) ecosystems has changed our perception of their importance in microbial processes. Bacteria and Archaea undoubtedly represent the most abundant cellular life forms on Earth and past estimates of viral numbers (represented mainly by viruses infecting prokaryotes) have indicated abundances at least one order of magnitude higher than that of their cellular hosts. Such dominance has been reflected most often by the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR), proposed as a proxy for the relationship between viral and prokaryotic communities. VPR values have been discussed in the literature to express viral numerical dominance (or absence of it) over their cellular hosts, but the ecological meaning and interpretation of this ratio has remained somewhat nebulous or contradictory. We gathered data from 210 publications (and additional unpublished data) on viral ecology with the aim of exploring VPR. The results are presented in three parts: the first consists of an overview of the minimal, maximal and calculated average VPR values in an extensive variety of different environments. Results indicate that VPR values fluctuate over six orders of magnitude, with variations observed within each ecosystem. The second part investigates the relationship between VPR and other indices, in order to assess whether VPR can provide insights into virus–host relationships. A positive relationship was found between VPR and viral abundance (VA), frequency of visibly infected cells (FVIC), burst size (BS), frequency of lysogenic cells (FLC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. An inverse relationship was detected between VPR and prokaryotic abundance (PA) (in sediments), prokaryotic production (PP) and virus–host contact rates (VCR) as well as salinity and temperature. No significant relationship was found between VPR and viral production (VP), fraction of mortality from viral lysis (FMVL), viral decay rate (VDR), viral turnover (VT) or depth. Finally, we summarize our results by proposing two scenarios in two contrasting environments, based on current theories on viral ecology as well as the present results. We conclude that since VPR fluctuates in every habitat for different reasons, as it is linked to a multitude of factors related to virus–host dynamics, extreme caution should be used when inferring relationships between viruses and their hosts. Furthermore, we posit that the VPR is only useful in specific, controlled conditions, e.g. for the monitoring of fluctuations in viral and host abundance over time.
Mental health provision in schools: priority, facilitators and barriers in 10 European countries
Authors: Patalay Praveetha , Giese Laura , Stanković Miloš , Curtin Catriona , Moltrecht Bettina , Gondek Dawid 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAlthough schools are a key setting for the provision of mental health support for young people, little is known about the facilitators and barriers for providing such support. This study aimed to collect information from schools in 10 European countries regarding the priority given to mental health support for students, existence of a mental health‐related school policy, links with relevant external agencies, schools’ perceptions on whether they are providing sufficient mental health support and the barriers to provision of mental health support.MethodsData from 1346 schools were collected in France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and Ukraine through an online survey.ResultsAround 3% of the surveyed schools indicated that mental health provision was not a priority, compared to 47% indicating that it was a high/essential priority. More than half the surveyed schools did not implement a school policy regarding mental health. Half the surveyed schools reported not providing sufficient support with the key barriers identified including limited staff capacity, funding, access to specialists and lack of national policy and less than a third of schools reported good or excellent links with local mental health services. However, the responses varied by country with 8–19% between‐country variation across the study outcomes. Secondary schools reported significantly better links with agencies, were more likely to have a school policy and were less likely to indicate having sufficient existing support compared to primary schools. Privately funded schools reported that mental health support was a higher priority and identified less barriers to provision compared to publicly funded schools.ConclusionsThis study provides an up‐to‐date and cross‐country insight into schools’ perceptions regarding priority given to mental health support and the barriers they face in providing sufficient mental health and wellbeing support for their students. The cross‐country comparisons allow for a better understanding of the relationships between policy, practice and implementation and provide a platform for shared experiences and learning.
The complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) agonist Leukadherin-1 suppresses human innate inflammatory signalling
Authors: Roberts A L , Fürnrohr B G , Vyse T J , Rhodes B 
Published: April 2016

SummaryComplement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) is a multi-functional receptor expressed predominantly on myeloid and natural killer (NK) cells. The R77H variant of CD11b, encoded by the ITGAM rs1143679 polymorphism, is associated robustly with development of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and impairs CR3 function, including its regulatory role on monocyte immune signalling. The role of CR3 in NK cell function is unknown. Leukadherin-1 is a specific small-molecule CR3 agonist that has shown therapeutic promise in animal models of vascular injury and inflammation. We show that Leukadherin-1 pretreatment reduces secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β by monokine-stimulated NK cells. It was associated with a reduction in phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)-5 following interleukin (IL)-12 + IL-15 stimulation (P &lt; 0·02) and increased IL-10 secretion following IL-12 + IL-18 stimulation (P &lt; 0·001). Leukadherin-1 pretreatment also reduces secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-7/8-stimulated monocytes (P &lt; 0·01 for all). The R77H variant did not affect NK cell response to Leukadherin-1 using ex-vivo cells from homozygous donors; nor did the variant influence CR3 expression by these cell types, in contrast to a recent report. These data extend our understanding of CR3 biology by demonstrating that activation potently modifies innate immune inflammatory signalling, including a previously undocumented role in NK cell function. We discuss the potential relevance of this to the pathogenesis of SLE. Leukadherin-1 appears to mediate its anti-inflammatory effect irrespective of the SLE-risk genotype of CR3, providing further evidence to support its evaluation of Leukadherin-1 as a potential therapeutic for autoimmune disease.
Outcomes in endoscopic sinus surgery: olfaction, nose scale and quality of life in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Andrews P.J. , Poirrier A.‐L. , Lund V.J. , Choi D. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on olfactory function in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and to compare the nasal obstruction and symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale before and after surgery.DesignA prospective cohort studySettingRoyal National Throat and Nose and Ear Hospital, London UK.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirteen patients with CRS; 60 CRSwNP and 53 CRSsNP.Outcome measurementsOlfaction was measured using both the University of Pennsylvania Smell Investigation Test (UPSIT) and the ‘sense of smell’ visual analogue scale (VAS). The NOSE scale, the sinonasal outcome test (SNOT 22) and the Lund–Kennedy (LK) surgeon reported scores were also measured pre‐ and postoperatively at 6 months.ResultsThe UPSIT psychophysical measurement significantly improved following ESS in the CRSwNP subgroup as did the patients perceived VAS sense of smell. However, in the CRSsNP subgroup, the improved VAS and UPSIT measurements were not significant. The NOSE, SNOT 22 and LK scores all improved significantly. The olfactory improvement as measured by the UPSIT correlated to the SNOT‐22, but a correlation between the NOSE score and UPSIT was not found.ConclusionsEndoscopic sinus surgery significantly improved the patient's perceived and measured sense of smell in the CRSwNP subgroup which is the most surgically responsive CRS subgroup. Additionally, improved olfaction in the CRSwNP subgroup is most likely to improve the patient's quality of life. Endoscopic sinus surgery significantly improved the NOSE scale in both CRS subgroups at 6 months following surgery.
Endocan: a novel predictor of endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Kanbay Asiye , Ceylan Erkan , Köseoğlu Handan İnönü , Çalışkan Mustafa , Takir Mumtaz , Tulu Selcan , Telci Çaklılı Ozge , Köstek Osman , Erek Aybala , Afsar Baris 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic diseases. Plasma endocan levels are elevated in a large number of diseases, and is a novel surrogate endothelial cell dysfunction marker. We aimed to assess the role of serum endocan level as a potential mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in OSA patients.Materials and MethodsThis was a cohort study in which patients who had undergone a sleep study for diagnosis of OSA were recruited. Included patients were grouped according to apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) as mild, moderate and severe OSA. Patients with AHI < 5 served as control group. Endothelial function was evaluated with flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD). Plasma endocan level was measured for all patients.ResultsOne hundred twenty eight OSA patients included (15 controls, 22 with mild, 22 with moderate and 69 with severe OSA). The mean age was 51.6 ± 11.9 years and 43.8% (56/128) of the study population was female. As expected, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increased as the severity of OSA increased. Endocan levels were significantly higher and FMD measurements were lower in patients with OSA compared to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between AHI and serum endocan levels (rho = 0.826, P < 0.0001) and there was a negative correlation between AHI and FMD (rho = −0.686, P < 0.0001) In addition, we observed a strong negative correlation between serum endocan level and FMD (rho = −0.613, P < 0.0001). In linear regression analysis AHI was independently related both with endocan (P < 0.0001) and FMD (P = 0.011).ConclusionSerum endocan level is strongly associated with the severity of OSA and endothelial dysfunction. Endocan might be a useful early novel marker for premature vascular endothelial system damage in OSA patients.
Isolated Cleft of the Posterior Mitral Valve Leaflet: The Value of 3DTEE in the Evaluation of Mitral Valve Anatomy
Authors: Guerreiro Cláudio , Fonseca Conceição , Ribeiro José , Fontes‐Carvalho Ricardo 
Published: April 2016

Mini‐AbstractWe report a case of a 65‐year‐old woman with chronic primary mitral regurgitation diagnosed 10 years prior to our evaluation. We performed a 3D transesophageal echocardiography that showed an isolated cleft within the P2 segment of the posterior leaflet associated with severe mitral regurgitation. This is a rare congenital cause of mitral regurgitation, and it may occur in isolation or with associated congenital heart defects. The slitlike appearance of the leaflet can be difficult to assess by 2DTTE or even TEE. Real time 3DTEE provides superior diagnostic accuracy in the identification of scallop‐specific anatomy.
Mimicry for all modalities
Authors: Dalziell Anastasia H. , Welbergen Justin A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMimicry is a canonical example of adaptive signal design. In principle, what constitutes mimicry is independent of the taxonomic identity of the mimic, the ecological context in which it operates, and the sensory modality through which it is expressed. However, in practice the study of mimicry is inconsistent across research fields, with theoretical and empirical advances often failing to cross taxonomic and sensory divides. We propose a novel conceptual framework whereby mimicry evolves if a receiver perceives the similarity between a mimic and a model and as a result confers a selective benefit onto the mimic. Here, misidentification and/or deception are no longer formal requirements, and mimicry can evolve irrespective of the underlying proximate mechanisms. The centrality of receiver perception in this framework enables us to formally distinguish mimicry from perceptual exploitation and integrate mimicry and multicomponent signalling theory for the first time. In addition, it resolves inconsistencies in our understanding of the role of learning in mimicry evolution, and shows that imperfect mimicry is expected to be the norm. Mimicry remains a key model for understanding signal evolution and cognition, and we recommend the adoption of a unified approach to stimulate future interdisciplinary developments in this fascinating area of research.
Expanding the concept of sustainable seafood using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Ziegler Friederike , Hornborg Sara , Green Bridget S , Eigaard Ole Ritzau , Farmery Anna K , Hammar Linus , Hartmann Klaas , Molander Sverker , Parker Robert W R , Skontorp Hognes Erik , Vázquez‐Rowe Ian , Smith Anthony D M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFisheries management and sustainability assessment of fisheries more generally have recently expanded their scope from single‐species stock assessment to ecosystem‐based approaches, aiming to incorporate economic, social and local environmental impacts, while still excluding global‐scale environmental impacts. In parallel, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as a widely used and recommended framework to assess environmental impacts of products, including global‐scale impacts. For over a decade, LCA has been applied to seafood supply chains, leading to new insights into the environmental impact of seafood products.We present insights from seafood LCA research with particular focus on evaluating fisheries management, which strongly influences the environmental impact of seafood products. Further, we suggest tangible ways in which LCA could be taken up in management. By identifying trade‐offs, LCA can be a useful decision support tool and avoids problem shifting from one concern (or activity) to another. The integrated, product‐based and quantitative perspective brought by LCA could complement existing tools. One example is to follow up fuel use of fishing, as the production and combustion of fuel used dominates overall results for various types of environmental impacts of seafood products, and is also often linked to biological impacts of fishing. Reducing the fuel use of fisheries is therefore effective to reduce overall impacts. Allocating fishing rights based on environmental performance could likewise facilitate the transition to low‐impact fisheries. Taking these steps in an open dialogue between fishers, managers, industry, NGOs and consumers would enable more targeted progress towards sustainable fisheries.