bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioimage classification with subcategory discriminant transform of high dimensional visual descriptors
Authors: Song Yang , Cai Weidong , Huang Heng , Feng Dagan , Wang Yue , Chen Mei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Bioimage classification is a fundamental problem for many important biological studies that require accurate cell phenotype recognition, subcellular localization, and histopathological classification. In this paper, we present a new bioimage classification method that can be generally applicable to a wide variety of classification problems. We propose to use a high-dimensional multi-modal descriptor that combines multiple texture features. We also design a novel subcategory discriminant transform (SDT) algorithm to further enhance the discriminative power of descriptors by learning convolution kernels to reduce the within-class variation and increase the between-class difference.

Results
We evaluate our method on eight different bioimage classification tasks using the publicly available IICBU 2008 database. Each task comprises a separate dataset, and the collection represents typical subcellular, cellular, and tissue level classification problems. Our method demonstrates improved classification accuracy (0.9 to 9%) on six tasks when compared to state-of-the-art approaches. We also find that SDT outperforms the well-known dimension reduction techniques, with for example 0.2 to 13% improvement over linear discriminant analysis.

Conclusions
We present a general bioimage classification method, which comprises a highly descriptive visual feature representation and a learning-based discriminative feature transformation algorithm. Our evaluation on the IICBU 2008 database demonstrates improved performance over the state-of-the-art for six different classification tasks.
The effect of foot orthoses with forefoot cushioning or metatarsal pad on forefoot peak plantar pressure in running
Authors: Hähni Michaela , Hirschmüller Anja , Baur Heiner 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundFoot orthoses are frequently used in sports for the treatment of overuse complaints with sufficient evidence available for certain foot‐related overuse pathologies like plantar fasciitis, rheumatoid arthritis and foot pain (e.g., metatarsalgia). One important aim is to reduce plantar pressure under prominent areas like metatarsal heads. For the forefoot region, mainly two common strategies exist: metatarsal pad (MP) and forefoot cushioning (FC). The aim of this study was to evaluate which of these orthosis concepts is superior in reducing plantar pressure in the forefoot during running.MethodsTwenty‐three (13 female, 10 male) asymptomatic runners participated in this cross‐sectional experimental trial. Participants ran in a randomised order under the two experimental (MP, FC) conditions and a control (C) condition on a treadmill (2.78 ms−1) for 2 min, respectively. Plantar pressure was measured with the in‐shoe plantar pressure measurement device pedar‐x®‐System and mean peak pressure averaged from ten steps in the forefoot (primary outcome) and total foot was analysed. Insole comfort was measured with the Insole Comfort Index (ICI, sum score 0–100) after each running trial. The primary outcome was tested using the Friedman test (α = 0.05). Secondary outcomes were analysed descriptively (mean ± SD, lower & upper 95%‐CI, median and interquartile‐range (IQR)).ResultsPeak pressure [kPa] in the forefoot was significantly lower wearing FC (281 ± 80, 95%‐CI: 246–315) compared to both C (313 ± 69, 95%‐CI: 283–343; p = .003) and MP (315 ± 80, 95%‐CI: 280–350; p = .001). No significant difference was found between C and MP (p = .858). Peak pressures under the total foot were: C: 364 ± 82, 95%‐CI: 328–399; MP: 357 ± 80, 95%‐CI: 326–387; FC: 333 ± 81 95%‐CI: 298–368. Median ICI sum scores were: C 50, MP 49, FC 64.ConclusionsIn contrast to the metatarsal pad orthosis, the forefoot cushioning orthosis achieved a significant reduction of peak pressure in the forefoot of recreational runners. Consequently, the use of a prefabricated forefoot cushioning orthosis should be favoured over a prefabricated orthosis with an incorporated metatarsal pad in recreational runners with normal height arches.
An ensemble-based Cox proportional hazards regression framework for predicting survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients
Authors: Meier Richard , Graw Stefan , Usset Joseph , Raghavan Rama , Dai Junqiang , Chalise Prabhakar , Ellis Shellie , Fridley Brooke , Koestler Devin 
Published: November 2016

From March through August 2015, nearly 60 teams from around the world participated in the Prostate Cancer Dream Challenge (PCDC). Participating teams were faced with the task of developing prediction models for patient survival and treatment discontinuation using baseline clinical variables collected on metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients in the comparator arm of four phase III clinical trials. In total, over 2,000 mCRPC patients treated with first-line docetaxel comprised the training and testing data sets used in this challenge. In this paper we describe: (a) the sub-challenges comprising the PCDC, (b) the statistical metrics used to benchmark prediction performance, (c) our analytical approach, and finally (d) our team’s overall performance in this challenge. Specifically, we discuss our curated, ad-hoc, feature selection (CAFS) strategy for identifying clinically important risk-predictors, the ensemble-based Cox proportional hazards regression framework used in our final submission, and the adaptation of our modeling framework based on the results from the intermittent leaderboard rounds. Strong predictors of patient survival were successfully identified utilizing our model building approach. Several of the identified predictors were new features created by our team via strategically merging collections of weak predictors. In each of the three intermittent leaderboard rounds, our prediction models scored among the top four models across all participating teams and our final submission ranked 9th place overall with an integrated area under the curve (iAUC) of 0.7711 computed in an independent test set. While the prediction performance of teams placing between 2nd- 10th (iAUC: 0.7710-0.7789) was better than the current gold-standard prediction model for prostate cancer survival, the top-performing team, FIMM-UTU significantly outperformed all other contestants with an iAUC of 0.7915. In summary, our ensemble-based Cox regression framework with CAFS resulted in strong overall performance for predicting prostate cancer survival and represents a promising approach for future prediction problems.
Cost-effectiveness of once-daily versus twice-daily regimens in the treatment of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a probabilistic decision model
Authors: Sanni-Oba Muinat B. , Uthman Olalekan A. , Nachega Jean B. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:Regimen simplification of ART, by administering them less frequently, has been suggested as a practical approach to improve adherence. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of once-daily (QD) versus twice-daily (BID) antiretroviral (ART) regimens in the treatment of HIV. METHODS:A Model-based Markov modelling of cost-effectiveness using secondary data sources was developed to determine the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained of QD versus BID ART regimen for a hypothetical cohort treatment-naïve adults with HIV, from the Sub-Saharan African healthcare payer’s perspective. RESULTS:At base-case values for all parameters, the total number of QALY gained by QD regimen was 0.27 and the incremental cost difference of $2147.04. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of QD versus BID regimen was $8087/QALY gained. The ICER was most sensitive to the variations in the total medical cost of state A (asymptomatic, non-AIDS, CD4> 350 cells/μL), total medical Cost State D (symptomatic AIDS or severe symptoms), and utility of State A. In our bootstrap analysis, 60% of bootstrap replicates for the ICER shows that QD is more costly and more effective than BID regimen, while the remaining 40% replicates shows that QD is less costly and less effective than BID. If decision-makers were willing to pay $1000 per QALY gained, the probability of QD being cost-effective was 44%. The probability of QD regimen being cost-effective was 48% when the willing to pay was $5000. CONCLUSIONS:From a sub-Saharan Africa societal perspective QD regimen cannot be regarded as cost-effective, although there is substantial decision uncertainty. Findings from the economic evaluation are important for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to consider as they decide whether to adopt the new branded single tablet regimen. Generic-based ART could yield substantial budgetary saving to HIV programmes in LMIC.
Methodical Support of Primary School Teachers: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Якимова  , Yakimova N. 
Published: November 2016

On the basis of the analysis of requirements of the Federal state educational standard of primary education and its implementation problems the
article justifies the necessity of methodical maintenance of primary school teachers. The article defines the content, principles, directions and
forms of methodological support, its role in the conditions of the second-generation standard.
The Product Market Impact of Minority Stake Acquisitions
Authors: Nain Amrita , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2016

We show that partial equity ownership of a rival firm reduces product market competition. Acquisitions of a minority equity stake in rival firms are followed by higher output prices and higher industry profits, particularly when barriers to entry are high. Stock-price reactions of nonparticipating competitors of the acquirer and target are positive while announcement returns of customer firms are negative. Moreover, announcement returns of rivals are significantly higher and those of customers weakly lower when the customer industry is more competitive and when the acquirer and target are larger firms. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2575 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Appropriate pain assessment tools for use in patients with dementia in the out-of-hospital environment
Authors: Armour Richard , Murphy-Jones Barry 
Published: November 2016

There is substantial evidence to suggest adults with cognitive impairment, caused by degenerative conditions such as dementia, are at a significantly higher risk of suboptimal pain assessment and management in the acute care setting when compared to adults without cognitive impairment. This paper aims to assess the pain assessment tools most appropriate for use in adults with cognitive impairment as a result of dementia within the out-of-hospital setting. A search of the literature was conducted in May 2016. The databases searched were Pubmed (Medline) and Embase. The primary types of literature retrieved were meta-reviews, systematic reviews or reviews. All subcategories of dementia were included in this review. From the search strategies, 12 relevant articles and 35 pain assessment tools for use in patients with dementia were identified. In this review, the Abbey Pain Scale and PAINAD have been identified as tools substantiated in the literature for use in detecting pain in adults with dementia, which likely have applications in the out-of-hospital environment. A trial of either the Abbey Pain Scale or PAINAD in an emergency ambulance service is appropriate and likely warranted to assess their impact on pain assessment in this vulnerable patient group.
Consensus or Controversy?: Evolution of Criteria for Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tricoci Pierluigi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The definition and the clinical implications of myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention have been subjects of unresolved controversy. As a result of the use of more sensitive diagnostic tools such as cardiac troponin, the expanding evidence, and the ensuing debate, the definition of procedural MI (pMI) has evolved, leading to several revisions, different proposed definitions, and lack of standardization in randomized clinical trials.

CONTENT
In this review, we will describe the key clinical data on cardiac biomarkers, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cTn, in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and the main issues that have lead to various consensus documents with a proposed definition of pMI. We will focus on the rationale of the current “Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction” and of the alternative approach proposed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.

SUMMARY
The definition of pMI is an evolving field where the Third Universal MI definition represents the best attempt to date to incorporate available evidence along with scientific and clinical judgment into criteria to ensure adequate specificity in the diagnosis and the relevant prognostic significance, while trying to maintain sensitivity. Questions on the recommended criteria and their practical implementation remain, but the Third Universal definition document represents an important milestone toward a better standardization and enhanced consensus on the pMI definition.
Association of Repeatedly Measured High-Sensitivity–Assayed Troponin I with Cardiovascular Disease Events in a General Population from the MORGAM/BiomarCaRE Study
Authors: Hughes Maria F , Ojeda Francisco , Saarela Olli , Jørgensen Torben , Zeller Tanja , Palosaari Tarja , O'Doherty Mark G , Borglykke Anders , Kuulasmaa Kari , Blankenberg Stefan , Kee Frank 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations reflect myocardial stress. The role of hs-cTnI in predicting long-term changes in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations is not clearly defined.

METHODS
We investigated whether the change in 3 repeated measures of hs-cTnI collected 5 years apart in a prospective Danish study (3875 participants, initially aged 30–60 years, 51% female, disease free at baseline) improves 10-year prediction of incident CVD compared to using a single most recent hs-cTnI measurement. The change process was modelled using a joint (longitudinal and survival) model and compared to a Cox model using a single hs-cTnI measure adjusted for classic CVD risk factors, and evaluated using discrimination statistics.

RESULTS
Median hs-cTnI concentrations changed from 2.6 ng/L to 3.4 ng/L over 10 years. The change in hs-cTnI predicts 10-year risk of CVD (581 events); the joint model gave a hazard ratio of 1.31 per interquartile difference in hs-cTnI (95% CI 1.15–1.48) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. However, the joint model performed only marginally better (c-index improvement 0.0041, P = 0.03) than using a single hs-cTnI measure (c-index improvement 0.0052, P = 0.04) for prediction of CVD, compared to a model incorporating CVD risk factors without hs-cTnI (c-index 0.744).

CONCLUSIONS
The change in hs-cTnI in 5-year intervals better predicts risk of CVD in the general population, but the most recent measure of hs-cTnI, (at 10 years) is as effective in predicting CVD risk. This simplifies the use of hs-cTnI as a prognostic marker for primary prevention of CVD in the general population.
Whose crisis? Dogtooth and the invisible middle class
Authors: Barotsi Rosa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Lanthimos’s Kynodontas/Dogtooth (2009) has been viewed by audiences, journalists, critics and the Greek political class alike as tapping into the issues that stand at the heart of the contemporary political moment. Reception of the film has often focused on the allegorical family in relation to the malaises of neo-liberalism, austerity and the crisis. My contention is that one of the most crucial aspects of this type of account, the economic well-being and class identity of the family, has strangely failed to be taken into consideration. This article shows that the upper middleclass status of the fictional family is one of the premises of the dystopian world of Dogtooth, and demonstrates the various ways in which the omission of the family’s financial prosperity has been central in the rhetoric used to discuss the film’s ostensible political import.
The effect of iron deficiency on the temporal changes in the expression of genes associated with fat metabolism in the pregnant rat
Authors: Hay Susan M. , McArdle Harry J. , Hayes Helen E. , Stevens Valerie J. , Rees William D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIron is essential for the oxidative metabolism of lipids. Lipid metabolism changes during gestation to meet the requirements of the growing fetus and to prepare for lactation. The temporal effects of iron deficiency during gestation were studied in female rats fed complete or iron‐deficient diets. Plasma triglycerides were elevated in the iron‐deficient group throughout gestation. There were time‐dependent changes in the triglyceride content of the maternal liver, falling at the midpoint of gestation and then increasing on d21.5. Compared to the control, triglycerides in the maternal liver were not different in the iron‐deficient group prior to pregnancy and on d12.5, but were markedly reduced by d21.5. The abundance of mRNAs in the maternal liver suggests that lipogenesis is unchanged and beta‐oxidation is reduced on d21.5 by iron deficiency. On d21.5 of gestation, the expression of placental lipase was unchanged by iron deficiency, however, the abundance of mRNAs for SREBP‐1c, FABP4 were reduced, suggesting that there were changes in fatty acid handling. In the fetal liver, iron deficiency produced a marked decrease in the abundance of the L‐CPT‐1 mRNA, suggesting that beta‐oxidation is reduced. This study shows that the major effect of iron deficiency on maternal lipid metabolism occurs late in gestation and that perturbed lipid metabolism may be a common feature of models of fetal programming.
Desensitization of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts to Alternaria alternata extract‐mediated necrotic cell death
Authors: Im Jintaek , Kim Kyutae , Yhee Ji Young , O'Grady Scott M. , Nho Richard S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlternaria alternata is an allergenic fungus and known to cause an upper respiratory tract infection and asthma in humans with compromised immunity. Although A. alternata's effect on airway epithelial cells has previously been examined, the potential role of A. alternata on lung fibroblast viability is not understood. Since lung fibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) display a distinct phenotype that is resistant to stress and cell death inducing conditions, the investigation of the role of Alternaria on pathological IPF fibroblasts provides a better understanding of the fibrotic process induced by an allergenic fungus. Therefore, we examined cell viability of control and IPF fibroblasts (n = 8 each) in response to A. alternata extract. Control fibroblast cell death was increased while IPF fibroblasts were resistant when exposed to 50–100 μg/mL of A. alternata extract. However, there was no significant difference in kinetics or magnitude of Ca2+ responses from control lung and IPF fibroblasts. In contrast, unlike control fibroblasts, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels remained low when IPF cells were treated with A. alternata extracts as a function of time. Caspase 3/7 and TUNEL assay revealed that enhanced cell death caused by A. alternata extract was likely due to necrosis, and 7‐AAD assay and the use of sodium pyruvate for ATP generation further supported our findings that IPF fibroblasts become resistant to A. alternata extract‐induced necrotic cell death. Our results suggest that exposure to A. alternata potentially worsens the fibrotic process by promoting normal lung fibroblast cell death in patients with IPF.
Altered thermoregulatory responses in heart failure patients exercising in the heat
Authors: Balmain Bryce N. , Jay Ollie , Sabapathy Surendran , Royston Danielle , Stewart Glenn M. , Jayasinghe Rohan , Morris Norman R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHeart failure (HF) patients appear to exhibit impaired thermoregulatory capacity during passive heating, as evidenced by diminished vascular conductance. Although some preliminary studies have described the thermoregulatory response to passive heating inHF, responses during exercise in the heat remain to be described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare thermoregulatory responses inHFand controls (CON) during exercise in the heat. TenHF(NYHAclasses I–II) and eightCONwere included. Core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Tsk), and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) were assessed at rest and during 1 h of exercise at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake. Metabolic heat production (Hprod) and the evaporative requirements for heat balance (Ereq) were also calculated. Whole‐body sweat rate was determined from pre–post nude body mass corrected for fluid intake. WhileHprod(HF: 3.9 ± 0.9;CON: 6.4 ± 1.5 W/kg) andEreq(HF: 3.3 ± 0.9;CON: 5.6 ± 1.4 W/kg) were lower (P < 0.01) forHFcompared toCON, both groups demonstrated a similar rise inTc(HF: 0.9 ± 0.4;CON: 1.0 ± 0.3°C). Despite this similar rise inTc,Tsk(HF: 1.6 ± 0.7;CON: 2.7 ± 1.2°C), and the elevation inCVC(HF: 1.4 ± 1.0;CON: 3.0 ± 1.2 au/mmHg) was lower (P < 0.05) inHFcompared toCON. Additionally, whole‐body sweat rate (HF: 0.36 ± 0.15;CON: 0.81 ± 0.39 L/h) was lower (P = 0.02) inHFcompared toCON. Patients withHFappear to be limited in their ability to manage a thermal load and distribute heat content to the body surface (i.e., skin), secondary to impaired circulation to the periphery.
Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Tuber aestivum Vittad. orchard in Poland
Authors: Hilszczańska Dorota , Szmidla Hanna , Horak Jakub , Rosa-Gruszecka Aleksandra 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, the concept of landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well as land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary and Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic and social development of small, rural communities. Because there is no long tradition of truffle orchards in Poland, knowledge regarding the environmental factors regulating the formation of fruiting bodies of T. aestivum is limited. Thus, knowledge concerning ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensuring successful Burgundy truffle production. We investigated the persistence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) and checked the host-species influence on community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The study was conducted in an experimental plantation located in eastern Poland and established in 2008. We demonstrated that the number of fungal taxa was not significantly different between oak and hazel. However, the species composition differed between these two host trees. During the three-year study, we observed that species richness did not increase with the age of the plantation.