bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient Reveal Hot Spots and Hot Moments for Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Authors: Saha Debasish , Kemanian Armen R. , Montes Felipe , Gall Heather , Adler Paul R. , Rau Benjamin M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIdentifying hot spots and hot moments of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the landscape is critical for monitoring and mitigating the emission of this potent greenhouse gas. We propose a novel use of the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient (G) to improve the estimation of the mean as well as the spatial and temporal variation of N2O emissions from a bioenergy landscape. The analyses indicate that the G was better correlated (R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001) with daily N2O emissions than the coefficient of variation and skewness. A hot moment for N2O emissions occurred after a storm event, with a heterogeneous spatial distribution of N2O emissions (G = 0.65); in contrast, CO2 emissions remained spatially uniform throughout the same period (G = 0.36). Volumetric soil air content below 0.03 m3 m−3 occurred more frequently in the wetter footslope positions and created N2O hot spots, with a high temporal inequality during the growing season (G = 0.75). In contrast, well‐drained shoulder positions were cold spots, with uniformly distributed and low N2O emissions (G = 0.44). The spatial N2O inequality mirrored the landscape wetness generated by rain events, while biogeochemical equality prevailed in the landscape. The Lorenz curve and G are tools to standardize the spatial and temporal variation of N2O emissions across diverse landscapes and management scenarios. These two inequality indicators, in association with spatial maps, can help delineate the critical spatial mosaics and temporal windows of N2O emissions and guide landscape‐scale monitoring and mitigation strategies to reduce N2O emissions.
Propagation Loss‐Immune Biocompatible Nanodiamond Refractive Index Sensors
Authors: Shugayev Roman , Bermel Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPropagation loss is a key impeding parameter affecting accuracy, range, and applicability of fluorescent microscopy techniques. In this work, a new nanophotonic platform for propagation loss mitigated fluorescent imaging using lifetime ratiometric measurement is proposed. By applying this methodology to local parameter sensing, a method for high sensitivity local refractive index measurement via lifetime/energy monitoring of fluorescent crystal color centers is numerically demonstrated. As the base of this platform, biocompatible diamond nanodisk structures are investigated that enable sensitive, propagation loss‐immune monitoring of refractive index changes both in vitro and in vivo.
Enhanced Light Extraction from OLEDs Fabricated on Patterned Plastic Substrates
Authors: Hippola Chamika , Kaudal Rajiv , Manna Eeshita , Xiao Teng , Peer Akshit , Biswas Rana , Slafer Warren Dennis , Trovato Tom , Shinar Joseph , Shinar Ruth 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA key scientific and technological challenge in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is enhancing the light outcoupling factor ηout, which is typically <20%. This paper reports experimental and modeling results of a promising approach to strongly increase ηout by fabricating OLEDs on novel flexible nanopatterned substrates that result in a >2× enhancement in green phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) fabricated on corrugated polycarbonate (PC). The external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaches 50% (meaning ηout ≥50%); it increases 2.6x relative to a glass/ITO device and 2× relative to devices on glass/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or flat PC/PEDOT:PSS. A significant enhancement is also observed for blue PhOLEDs with EQE 1.7× relative to flat PC. The corrugated PC substrates are fabricated efficiently and cost‐effectively by direct room‐temperature molding. These substrates successfully reduce photon losses due to trapping/waveguiding in the organic+anode layers and possibly substrate, and losses to plasmons at the metal cathode. Focused ion beam gauged the conformality of the OLEDs. Dome‐shaped convex nanopatterns with height of ∼280–400 nm and pitch ∼750–800 nm were found to be optimal. Substrate design and layer thickness simulations, reported first for patterned devices, agree with the experimental results that present a promising method to mitigate photon loss paths in OLEDs.
Cobalt(III)−Catalyzed C−H Activation: A Secondary Amide Directed Decarboxylative Functionalization of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids Wherein Amide NH‐group Remains Unreactive
Authors: Muniraj Nachimuthu , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA Co(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation reaction for ortho‐alkenylation of benzamides (aryl/heteroaryl) and C2‐alkenylation of indole derivatives have been developed using alkynyl carboxylic acid as an alkene source. A high regioselectivity has been achieved in the formation of disubstituted alkenes, and the possible cyclic products were not observed. This efficient alkenylation shows a broad range of substrate scope with a good functional group tolerance. The application of the methodology has been showcased by transforming an alkenylated amide to a 3‐hydroxy isoindolinone derivative.magnified image
A Micropatterned Multielectrode Shell for 3D Spatiotemporal Recording from Live Cells
Authors: Cools Jordi , Jin Qianru , Yoon Eugene , Alba Burbano Diego , Luo Zhenxiang , Cuypers Dieter , Callewaert Geert , Braeken Dries , Gracias David H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicroelectrode arrays (MEAs) have proved to be useful tools for characterizing electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes and neurons. While there exist a number of integrated electronic chips for recording from small populations or even single cells, they rely primarily on the interface between the cells and 2D flat electrodes. Here, an approach that utilizes residual stress‐based self‐folding to create individually addressable multielectrode interfaces that wrap around the cell in 3D and function as an electrical shell‐like recording device is described. These devices are optically transparent, allowing for simultaneous fluorescence imaging. Cell viability is maintained during and after electrode wrapping around the cel and chemicals can diffuse into and out of the self‐folding devices. It is further shown that 3D spatiotemporal recordings are possible and that the action potentials recorded from cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes display significantly higher signal‐to‐noise ratios in comparison with signals recorded with planar extracellular electrodes. It is anticipated that this device can provide the foundation for the development of new‐generation MEAs where dynamic electrode–cell interfacing and recording substitutes the traditional method using static electrodes.
Spin Solid versus Magnetic Charge Ordered State in Artificial Honeycomb Lattice of Connected Elements
Authors: Glavic Artur , Summers Brock , Dahal Ashutosh , Kline Joseph , Van Herck Walter , Sukhov Alexander , Ernst Arthur , Singh Deepak K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe nature of magnetic correlation at low temperature in two‐dimensional artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is a strongly debated issue. While theoretical researches suggest that the system will develop a novel zero entropy spin solid state as T → 0 K, a confirmation to this effect in artificial honeycomb lattice of connected elements is lacking. This study reports on the investigation of magnetic correlation in newly designed artificial permalloy honeycomb lattice of ultrasmall elements, with a typical length of ≈12 nm, using neutron scattering measurements and temperature‐dependent micromagnetic simulations. Numerical modeling of the polarized neutron reflectometry data elucidates the temperature‐dependent evolution of spin correlation in this system. As temperature reduces to ≈7 K, the system tends to develop novel spin solid state, manifested by the alternating distribution of magnetic vortex loops of opposite chiralities. Experimental results are complemented by temperature‐dependent micromagnetic simulations that confirm the dominance of spin solid state over local magnetic charge ordered state in the artificial honeycomb lattice with connected elements. These results enable a direct investigation of novel spin solid correlation in the connected honeycomb geometry of 2D artificial structure.
Toward complement inhibition 2.0: Next generation anticomplement agents for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Risitano Antonio M. , Marotta Serena 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTherapeutic complement inhibition by eculizumab has revolutionized the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with a major impact on its natural history. Nevertheless, emerging unmet clinical needs may benefit from the development of novel complement inhibitors. Novel strategies of complement inhibition exploit different agents targeting C5, as well as compound intercepting the complement cascade at the level of its key component C3, or even upstream at the level of components involved in complement alternative pathway initiation. Many of these agents are already in their clinical development; preliminary data together with a deep understanding of PNH biology may help to anticipate their possible clinical effect. Novel anti‐C5 agents include monoclonal antibodies (even long‐lasting) as well as other small molecules bioavailable by subcutaneous administration; an anti‐C5 small interfering RNA has been developed too. All these anti‐C5 agents seem to recapitulate safety and efficacy of current eculizumab treatment; their main improvement pertains to better patient's convenience due to longer dosing interval and/or possible subcutaneous self‐administration. The possibility of achieving a deeper C5 inhibition has been shown as well, but its actual clinical meaning remains to be elucidated. Upstream complement inhibitors include the anti‐C3 small peptide compstatin (and its derivatives), and small inhibitors of complement factor D or complement factor B. This class of compounds anticipates a possible efficacy in prevention of C3‐mediated extravascular hemolysis, in addition to inhibition of intravascular hemolysis, eventually leading to improved hematological responses. The availability of all these compounds will result soon in a substantial improvement of PNH management.
A 3D Nanostructured Hydrogel‐Framework‐Derived High‐Performance Composite Polymer Lithium‐Ion Electrolyte
Authors: Bae Jiwoong , Li Yutao , Zhang Jun , Zhou Xingyi , Zhao Fei , Shi Ye , Goodenough John B. , Yu Guihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes have emerged as a promising alternative to existing liquid electrolytes for next generation Li‐ion batteries for better safety and stability. Of various types of solid electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes exhibit acceptable Li‐ion conductivity due to the interaction between nanofillers and polymer. Nevertheless, the agglomeration of nanofillers at high concentration has been a major obstacle for improving Li‐ion conductivity. In this study, we designed a three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructured hydrogel‐derived Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) framework, which was used as a 3D nanofiller for high‐performance composite polymer Li‐ion electrolyte. The systematic percolation study revealed that the pre‐percolating structure of LLTO framework improved Li‐ion conductivity to 8.8×10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature.
Reversible Phase Transition of Robust Luminescent Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wang Guannan , Wang Yige , Li Huanrong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report herein on remote control over a reversible phase transition of robust luminescent hybrid hydrogels as enabled by the rational selection and incorporation of photoswitches. Azobenzene units functionalized with a guanidinium group were utilized as the photoswitches and incorporated through a host–guest inclusion method involving α‐cyclodextrins functionalized with 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) groups. While the guanidinium functional groups bind to the negatively charged Laponite matrix surface to connect organic and inorganic components, the PDA groups enable simultaneous coordination with different lanthanide metal ions, thus rendering the hydrogel broadly luminescent. Owing to its conformation‐dependent binding behavior with α‐cyclodextrin, the isomerization of azobenzene induced association or dissociation of the inclusion complexes and thus lead to a reversible photocontrolled sol↔gel phase transition of the luminescent hybrid hydrogels.
Water Oxidation Catalysis Beginning with CuCo2S4: Investigation of the True Electrochemically Driven Catalyst
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Yang Zhi , Gong Yaqiong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe exploitation of efficient and stable water oxidation catalysts is a pressing challenge to solve the energy crisis. Herein, flower‐like CuCo2S4 microspheres were successfully synthesized and used as an effective water oxidation catalyst. CuCo2S4/NF (NF=nickel foam) affords electrocatalytic water oxidation activity, with a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 260 mV. The overpotential value is lower than that of benchmark RuO2/NF (overpotential of 340 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2). The water oxidation activity increases linearly before nonlinearly improving with increasing pH; this indicates that the substrate changes from water to hydroxyl. The CuCo2S4/NF catalyst is demonstrated to be a real water oxidation catalyst based on diverse experiments.
Semiquantitative dot‐blot immunogold assay for specific detection of white spot syndrome virus
Authors: Bunsanong Nittaya , Chotigeat Wilaiwan , Deachamag Panchalika , Thananimit Suchera 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA dot‐blot immunogold assay (DBIA) was developed to detect white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) using the polyclonal antibody VP26 (anti‐VP26). The anti‐VP26 was immobilized on gold nanoparticles (Ab‐AuNPs), and a nitrocellulose membrane was used as a detection pad. When the target WSSV bound to the Ab‐AuNPs a reddish dot appeared on the surface of the membrane used within 2–5 Min, which could be seen with the naked eye. The test was able to detect WSSV at concentrations as low as 105 copies μL−1 of WSSV. The DBIA developed had good specificity, and the colloidal gold probe can be applied within 2–3 days when stored at 4 °C. For real sample analysis, the DBIA was applied to samples of seawater used for shrimp cultivation without sample preparation. The results indicate that sample 1 showed a positive result, whereas samples 2 and 3 produced negative results. Then, samples 2 and 3 were spiked with WSSV for method validation. To confirm the performance of the DBIA developed, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted and the PCR results were the same as those found by the DBIA. Therefore, the DBIA developed could be applied for WSSV detection in real water samples.
Simultaneous quantification of T4, T3, rT3, 3,5‐T2 and 3,3′‐T2 in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Walter Kyla M. , Miller Galen W. , Lein Pamela J. , Puschner Birgit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnvironmental toxicants that interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) signaling can impact growth and development in animals and humans. Zebrafish represent a model to study chemically induced TH disruption, prompting the need for sensitive detection of THs. Simultaneous quantification of 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5′‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine (rT3), 3,5‐diiodo‐l‐thyronine (3,5‐T2) and 3,3′‐diiodo‐l‐thyronine (3,3′‐T2) in zebrafish larvae was achieved by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. Solid‐phase extraction with SampliQ cartridges and derivatization with 3 m hydrochloric acid in n‐butanol reduced matrix effects. Derivatized compounds were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with mobile phases consisting of 0.1% acetic acid in deionized water and 0.1% acetic acid in methanol. The limits of detection ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 pg injected on column. The method was validated by evaluating recovery (77.1–117.2%), accuracy (87.3–123.9%) and precision (0.5–12.4%) using diluted homogenized zebrafish embryos spiked with all target compounds. This method was then applied to zebrafish larvae collected after 114 h of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including PCB 28, PCB 66 and PCB 95, or the technical mixture Aroclor 1254. Exposure to PCB 28 and PCB 95 increased the T4:T3 ratio and decreased the T3:rT3 ratio, demonstrating that this method can effectively detect PCB‐induced alterations in THs.
Coupled changes in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability in later life
Authors: Anblagan Devasuda , Valdés Hernández Maria C. , Ritchie Stuart J. , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Royle Natalie A. , Hamilton Iona F. , Cox Simon R. , Gow Alan J. , Pattie Alison , Corley Janie , Starr John M. , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Bastin Mark E. , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive abilities which often decline with advancing age.MethodsIn a longitudinal study of community‐dwelling adults, we investigated whether there were coupled changes in hippocampal structure and verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed between the ages of 73 (N = 655) and 76 years (N = 469). Hippocampal structure was indexed by hippocampal volume, hippocampal volume as a percentage of intracranial volume (H_ICV), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and longitudinal relaxation time (T1).ResultsMean levels of hippocampal volume, H_ICV, FA, T1, and all three cognitive abilities domains decreased, whereas MD increased, from age 73 to 76. At baseline, higher hippocampal volume was associated with better working memory and verbal memory, but none of these correlations survived correction for multiple comparisons. Higher FA, lower MD, and lower T1 at baseline were associated with better cognitive abilities in all three domains; only the correlation between baseline hippocampal MD and T1, and change in the three cognitive domains, survived correction for multiple comparisons. Individuals with higher hippocampal MD at age 73 experienced a greater decline in all three cognitive abilities between ages 73 and 76. However, no significant associations with changes in cognitive abilities were found with hippocampal volume, FA, and T1 measures at baseline. Similarly, no significant associations were found between cognitive abilities at age 73 and changes in the hippocampal MRI biomarkers between ages 73 and 76.ConclusionOur results provide evidence to better understand how the hippocampus ages in healthy adults in relation to the cognitive domains in which it is involved, suggesting that better hippocampal MD at age 73 predicts less relative decline in three important cognitive domains across the next 3 years. It can potentially assist in diagnosing early stages of aging‐related neuropathologies, because in some cases, accelerated decline could predict pathologies.
Rest but busy: Aberrant resting‐state functional connectivity of triple network model in insomnia
Authors: Dong Xiaojuan , Qin Haixia , Wu Taoyu , Hu Hua , Liao Keren , Cheng Fei , Gao Dong , Lei Xu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionOne classical hypothesis among many models to explain the etiology and maintenance of insomnia disorder (ID) is hyperarousal. Aberrant functional connectivity among resting‐state large‐scale brain networks may be the underlying neurological mechanisms of this hypothesis. The aim of current study was to investigate the functional network connectivity (FNC) among large‐scale brain networks in patients with insomnia disorder (ID) during resting state.MethodsIn the present study, the resting‐state fMRI was used to evaluate whether patients with ID showed aberrant FNC among dorsal attention network (DAN), frontoparietal control network (FPC), anterior default mode network (aDMN), and posterior default mode network (pDMN) compared with healthy good sleepers (HGSs). The Pearson's correlation analysis was employed to explore whether the abnormal FNC observed in patients with ID was associated with sleep parameters, cognitive and emotional scores, and behavioral performance assessed by questionnaires and tasks.ResultsPatients with ID had worse subjective thought control ability measured by Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ) and more negative affect than HGSs. Intriguingly, relative to HGSs, patients with ID showed a significant increase in FNC between DAN and FPC, but a significant decrease in FNC between aDMN and pDMN. Exploratory analysis in patients with ID revealed a significantly positive correlation between the DAN‐FPC FNC and reaction time (RT) of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT).ConclusionThe current study demonstrated that even during the resting state, the task‐activated and task‐deactivated large‐scale brain networks in insomniacs may still maintain a hyperarousal state, looking quite similar to the pattern in a task condition with external stimuli. Those results support the hyperarousal model of insomnia.
A small population of resident limb bud mesenchymal cells express few MSC‐associated markers, but the expression of these markers is increased immediately after cell culture
Authors: Marín‐Llera Jessica Cristina , Chimal‐Monroy Jesús 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSkeletal progenitors are derived from resident limb bud mesenchymal cells of the vertebrate embryos. However, it remains poorly understood if they represent stem cells, progenitors, or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Derived‐MSC of different adult tissues under in vitro experimental conditions can differentiate into the same cellular lineages that are present in the limb. Here, comparing non‐cultured versus cultured mesenchymal limb bud cells, we determined the expression of MSC‐associated markers, the in vitro differentiation capacity and their gene expression profile. Results showed that in freshly isolated limb bud mesenchymal cells, the proportion of cells expressing Sca1, CD44, CD105, CD90, and CD73 is very low and a low expression of lineage‐specific genes was observed. However, recently seeded limb bud mesenchymal cells acquired Sca1 and CD44 markers and the expression of the key differentiation genes Runx2 and Sox9, while Scx and Pparg genes decreased. Also, their chondrogenic differentiation capacity decreased through cellular passages while the osteogenic increased. Our findings suggest that the modification of the cell adhesion process through the in vitro method changed the limb mesenchymal cell immunophenotype leading to the expression and maintenance of common MSC‐associated markers. These findings could have a significant impact on MSC study and isolation strategy because they could explain common variations observed in the MSC immunophenotype in different tissues.