bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy with clinical and biochemical indices among women with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Maharaj Niren R. , Moodley Jagidesa , Chuturgoon Anil 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether clinical and biochemical features associated with pre‐eclampsia are significantly altered among women with HIV infection taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was conducted between July 2013 and September 2014 at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa. Women with and without pre‐eclampsia and HIV infection were enrolled at booking and followed up until delivery. Specific demographic data, clinical features, laboratory indices, and complications were analyzed.ResultsOf 193 participants, 98 had pre‐eclampsia (45 [45.9%] with HIV infection). There were no significant differences in clinical features and laboratory indices among the study groups except for γ‐glutamyl transferase levels, which were significantly higher among women with pre‐eclampsia and HIV infection (26.9 ± 40.9 U/L) than among those with pre‐eclampsia but no HIV infection (17.1 ± 14.0 U/L; P = 0.001). Perinatal and maternal complications were similar, and there were no maternal deaths.ConclusionClinical features, laboratory indices, and complications among women with pre‐eclampsia and HIV infection taking HAART were similar to those among women with pre‐eclampsia without HIV infection. Current guidelines remain appropriate; however, frequent hepatic function tests should be conducted.
The role of cultural communication norms in social exclusion effects
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Shrum L.J. , Yi Youjae 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious research suggests that when social exclusion is communicated in an explicit manner, consumers express preferences for helping, whereas when it is communicated in an implicit manner, they express preferences for conspicuous consumption. However, this may not always hold true. In the present research, we put forward a theoretical framework explaining that exclusion effects depend on the extent to which exclusion is communicated in a culturally normative or counter‐normative manner, rather than whether it is communicated in an explicit or implicit manner. We show that exclusion communicated in a cultural norm‐congruent manner produces preferences for helping, whereas exclusion communicated in a cultural norm‐incongruent manner produces preferences for conspicuous consumption. We further show that the differential needs—self‐esteem and power threatened by normative and counter‐normative exclusion explain these distinct preferences.
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Benjamin Mina M. , Hayes Kevin , Field Michael E. , Scheinman Melvin M. , Hoffmayer Kurt S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 73‐year‐old man with history of pulmonary sarcoidosis was found to have runs of non‐sustained bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) with two different QRS morphologies on a Holter monitor. Cardiac magnetic resonance delayed gadolinium imaging revealed a region of patchy mid‐myocardial enhancement within the left ventricular basal inferolateral myocardium. An 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) showed increased uptake in the same area, consistent with active sarcoid, with no septal involvement. Follow‐up FDG‐PET one year later showed disease progression with new septal involvement. Cardiac sarcoidosis, characterized by myocardial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis that can lead to conduction system disturbance and macro re‐entrant arrhythmias, should be considered in differential diagnosis of BVT. BVT may indicate septal involvement with sarcoidosis before the lesions are large enough to be detected radiologically.
The Missing American Jury
Authors: Thomas Suja A. 
Published: June 2016

Criminal, civil, and grand juries have disappeared from the American legal system. Over time, despite their significant presence in the Constitution, juries have been robbed of their power by the federal government and the states. For example, leveraging harsher criminal penalties, executive officials have forced criminal defendants into plea bargains, eliminating juries. Capping money awards, legislatures have stripped juries of their power to fix damages. Ordering summary judgment, judges dispose of civil cases without sending them to a jury. This is not what the founders intended. Examining the Constitution's text and historical sources, the book explores how the jury's authority has been taken and how it can be restored to its rightful, co-equal position as a 'branch' of government. Discussing the value of juries beyond the Constitution's requirements, the book also discusses the significance of juries world-wide and argues jury decision-making should be preferred over determinations by other governmental bodies.
An Automated High-throughput Array Microscope for Cancer Cell Mechanics
Authors: Cribb Jeremy A. , Osborne Lukas D. , Beicker Kellie , Psioda Matthew , Chen Jian , O’Brien E. Timothy , Taylor II Russell M. , Vicci Leandra , Hsiao Joe Ping-Lin , Shao Chong , Falvo Michael , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Wood Kris C. , Blobe Gerard C. , Superfine Richard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChanges in cellular mechanical properties correlate with the progression of metastatic cancer along the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Few high-throughput methodologies exist that measure cell compliance, which can be used to understand the impact of genetic alterations or to screen the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. We have developed a novel array high-throughput microscope (AHTM) system that combines the convenience of the standard 96-well plate with the ability to image cultured cells and membrane-bound microbeads in twelve independently-focusing channels simultaneously, visiting all wells in eight steps. We use the AHTM and passive bead rheology techniques to determine the relative compliance of human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells, h-TERT transformed HPDE cells (HPNE), and four gain-of-function constructs related to EMT. The AHTM found HPNE, H-ras, Myr-AKT, and Bcl2 transfected cells more compliant relative to controls, consistent with parallel tests using atomic force microscopy and invasion assays, proving the AHTM capable of screening for changes in mechanical phenotype.
AGB stars in Leo P and their use as metallicity probes
Authors: Lee (李 見 修) Chien-Hsiu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Leo P is the most metal-poor yet star-forming galaxy in the local volume, and has the potential to serve as a local counterpart to interpret the properties of distant galaxies in the early universe. We present a comprehensive search of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in Leo P using deep infrared imaging. AGB stars are the major dust contributors; the metal poor nature of Leo P can help to shed light on the dust formation process in very low-metallicity environments, similar to the early Universe. We select and classify oxygen-rich and carbon-rich candidate AGB stars using J − K versus K colour–magnitude diagram. To filter out contaminations from background galaxies, we exploit the high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging and identify 9 oxygen-rich AGBs and 13 carbon-rich AGB stars in Leo P. We then use the ratio of carbon-rich and oxygen-rich AGB stars (C/M ratio) as an indicator of on-site metallicity and derive the global metallicity [Fe/H] = −1.8 dex for Leo P, in good agreement with previous studies using isochrone fitting. Follow-up observations of these Leo P AGB stars in the mid-infrared [e.g. Spitzer, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)] will be invaluable to measure the dust formation rates using Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting.
High selfing capability and low pollinator visitation in the epiphytePitcairnia heterophylla(Bromeliaceae) at a Costa Rican cloud forest
Authors: Ríos Luis D. , Cascante-Marín Alfredo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost epiphytic bromeliads exhibit specialized pollination systems likely to promote out-crossing but, at the same time, possess floral traits that promote autonomous selfing. Adaptations that promote selfing in flowering plants with specialized pollination systems have been considered as a mechanism for reproductive assurance. In this paper, we analyzed the breeding system and pollinator visitation rate of the hummingbird-pollinated bromeliadPitcairnia heterophyllain order to see if they fit such trend. We performed hand pollination experiments, video recording of floral visitors, and recorded floral traits in order to describe the reproductive and pollination system of the studied species in a cloud forest in Costa Rica. Results from the pollination treatments indicated thatP. heterophyllais self-compatible (SCIf= 0.77), capable of autonomous pollination (AFIf= 0.78), and non-agamospermous (AGf= 0.01). Floral traits, such as scentless red flowers, with tubular corolla and nectar production, suggested ornithophily which was confirmed by the video recording ofLampornis calolaemus(Trochilidae) visiting flowers. However, the visitation rate was low (0.6 visits day-1 per plant) based on 918 hours of video recording using trail cameras. We suggest that the high selfing capability of the studied population ofP. heterophyllamight be related to the low pollinator visitation rate. If low pollinator visitation is common among hummingbird-pollinated and epiphytic bromeliads, then selfing could be a widespread mechanism to enhance their reproductive success.
Students-as-customers’ satisfaction, predictive retention with marketing implications
Authors: Carter Stephen , Yeo Amy Chu-May 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate two areas of interest: first, to determine business student customer satisfiers that could be contributors to students’ current and predicted retention in a higher educational institution (HEI) and second, to use these satisfiers to inform HEI marketing planning.Design/methodology/approach– The survey used 10 per cent of the sampling frame from the faculty total business students population. Descriptive statistics and correlation were employed to describe and measure the relationship between the teaching and non-teaching antecedents of student satisfaction and their five constructs (academic experience, teaching quality, campus life, facilities and placement support) and current and intended retention. Standard multiple regressions were run to measure theβand significant values of the composite variables as stated.Findings– Quantitative results revealed that students were most satisfied with academic experience and it was also the most dominant predictor of students’ retention. Other elements such as quality teaching, facilities and internship, though important for student satisfaction, were not predictors of retention.Research limitations/implications– Findings based on one Malaysian institution could not be used as a representation of other institutions either locally or internationally.Practical implications– Suggestions are made as to how HEIs can defend and safeguard their existing and future position by giving maximum attention to both “hard” and “soft” student satisfiers which would add customer value and strengthen their competitive position.Originality/value– Based on teaching and non-teaching antecedents and constructs, enable HEIs to predict retention and so inform marketing planning in a highly competitive higher education environment.
Market policy and destructive network effects
Authors: Abrahamsen Morten H. , Håkansson Håkan 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse how different policy perspectives or logics regarding industry organising affect network interaction, with particular focus on how the availability of resources is organised.

Design/methodology/approach
– To examine this, the authors compare two cases from the Norwegian seafood industry: in the pelagic industry, the main resource (mackerel) is caught at sea by fishing vessels and trade is restricted by an auction system, whereas in the salmon industry, the main resource (farmed salmon) is an industrial product produced at fish farms and there are no such restrictions.

Findings
– The results indicate that conditions under which resources are available to a network have strong effects on connected relationships: in the pelagic industry, interaction in the network becomes supplier-directed in an attempt to reduce the uncertainty created by unstable and restricted availability of resources, whereas in the salmon industry the interaction becomes customer directed as resource availability is stable and predictable. Here the actors can broaden the scope of interaction and they can direct their efforts to solve their customers’ problems, whereas this is difficult in the pelagic industry. The authors conclude that policy considerations play a major role in these effects. If the resource (fish) is seen as a commodity and the interaction is seen as a market mechanism, the policies designed to facilitate the exchange of resources will be beneficial for the actors directly involved, but may have unintended negative consequences for indirect relationships.

Originality/value
– For policy makers this implies that whenever developing an industrial policy there are strong reasons to look beyond the single transaction in order to create policies that are effective and/or beneficial for all involved and connected parties.
Factors affecting the use of wiki to manage knowledge in a small company
Authors: Bolisani Ettore , Scarso Enrico 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper intends to present and discuss the findings of a case study analysis of the adoption and use of a wiki system by a small enterprise that is intended as a tool for managing the knowledge needed to successfully perform its business activities. The study aims at contributing to the still insufficient research on the factors influencing the use of new Web 2.0 technologies in small organisations to support internal knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach
The study combines a qualitative and quantitative approach. The main unit of analysis is the wiki system of a small company, particularly its implementation and usage by the company’s employees. Relevant information about the wiki was collected through six interviews to different company members, and by means of an online survey submitted to almost all employees. Interviews involved the CEO of the company, the system developers and two typical users. The survey was made through a questionnaire of 19 questions online administered by means of a popular free-access online poll website (freeonlinesurveys.com).

Findings
Through the reconstruction of the history of the system, the study allowed to understand how the wiki has been introduced and is effectively used inside the case company. The findings of the study highlight that the wiki technology, being light and user-friendly, can be particularly suited for small companies. At the same time, they reveal that the successful implementation of such a system is not a spontaneous and automatic result, but requires a resolute support by top management, a good motivation of participating employees and a clear definition of purposes and ways of use.

Practical implications
The findings of the study contribute both to the academic research, by making available to scholars further empirical evidence about the use of Web 2.0 technologies in small organisations, and to the practice, by providing some guidelines to managers of small companies who are attempting to adopt and use wikis to effectively manage their knowledge assets.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the limited research about the adoption and use of wikis as knowledge management system, both in general and in the particular case of a SME. Furthermore, by investigating the behaviours and opinions of individual knowledge workers, it takes into account a perspective that the literature has so far neglected.
Species pools and environmental sorting control different aspects of plant diversity and functional trait composition in recovering grasslands
Authors: Conradi Timo , Kollmann Johannes 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Succession theory argues that the taxonomic and functional structure of assembling communities is regulated by the interplay of local environmental conditions and regional factors such as available species pools or landscape configurations that moderate dispersal. Yet, the relative importance of these factors and whether they control different aspects of community structure, for example species diversity or the composition of plant traits, is not well understood. This limits predictions of spatial variation in successional outcomes.

We explored patterns of species diversity and traits in recovering calcareous grasslands that varied in environmental conditions, age, past and present spatial landscape configuration, as well as in the propagule pressure they receive from historical grasslands that have large and functionally distinct species pools. Mixed‐effects modelling and multimodel inference were used to dissect the leading drivers of species diversity and functional composition.

Propagule pressure from the regional species pools of old grasslands during early stages of grassland re‐assembly was an important determinant of community structure, with significant effects not only on species diversity but also on the composition of traits related to resource economics. Such species pool effects exceeded positive influences of environmental heterogeneity on species richness and confounded well‐known diversity–environment and trait–environment relationships.

As an orthogonal axis of community assembly, environmental sorting occurred along a gradient of soil texture that discriminated species according to their canopy height and – to a smaller extent – phenology. Additionally, high grassland perimeter–area ratios favoured specialist species richness and increased the proportion of species with predicted poor epizoochorous and wind dispersal.

Synthesis. We provide empirical evidence that both species pool effects and local environmental sorting operate during community assembly of recovering calcareous grasslands, but that they influence different aspects of plant community structure. Further, we show that geographic variation in propagule pressure from large and functionally distinct source species pools can confound diversity–environment and trait–environment relationships. Therefore, besides accounting for environmental factors, considering the location of source species pools, as well as their compositional and functional characteristics, is a prerequisite for robust predictions of contingencies in taxonomic and functional community structure of successional habitats.
Weak evidence on nalmefene creates dilemmas for clinicians and poses questions for regulators and researchers
Authors: Fitzgerald Niamh , Angus Kathryn , Elders Andrew , de Andrade Marisa , Raistrick Duncan , Heather Nick , McCambridge Jim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsNalmefene has been approved in Europe for the treatment of alcohol dependence and subsequently recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This study examines critically the evidence base underpinning both decisions and the issues arising.MethodsPublished studies of nalmefene were identified through a systematic search, with documents from the European Medicines Agency, the NICE appraisal and public clinical trial registries also examined to identify methodological issues.ResultsEfficacy data used to support the licensing of nalmefene suffer from risk of bias due to lack of specification of a priori outcome measures and sensitivity analyses, use of post‐hoc sample refinement and the use of inappropriate comparators. Despite this, evidence for the efficacy of nalmefene in reducing alcohol consumption in those with alcohol dependence is, at best, modest, and of uncertain significance to individual patients. The relevance of existing trial data to routine primary care practice is doubtful.ConclusionsProblems with the registration, design, analysis and reporting of clinical trials of nalmefene did not prevent it being licensed and recommended for treating alcohol dependence. This creates dilemmas for primary care clinicians and commissioning organisations where nalmefene has been heavily promoted, and poses wider questions about the effectiveness of the medicines regulation system and how to develop the alcohol treatment evidence base.
Making Emotional Connections in the Age of Neoliberalism
Authors: Bialostok Steven M. , Aronson Matt 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEmotional expression, long derided as inimical to material success in the context of industrializing capitalism, now is seen in pedagogical circles as crucial to children's development into workers and citizens. Moving away from an emphasis on market rationality's so‐called person of reason, post‐Fordist economic environments increasingly venerate the less tangible “person of affect.” This study theorizes that a teacher's own emotional discourse shapes children's subjectivities and that this process corresponds with late capitalism's needs for workers who are reflexive and emotionally adept. Our analysis shows how the teacher uses emotional expression to accomplish a pedagogical goal, namely that of encouraging children to name and to know their own emotionality so they can better manage the “when and where” of its expression in other contexts, most especially the workplace. Children who effectively deploy these “softer” aspects of the self now represent yet another facet of entrepreneurial (neoliberal) subjectivity.
Frequency and risk factors of functional gastro‐intestinal disorders in a rural Indian population
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Singh Rajan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimAs best estimates on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) prevalence are expected from community studies, which are scanty from Asia, we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of FGIDs in a rural Indian community.MethodsHouse‐to‐house survey was undertaken by trained interviewers using translated‐validated Rome III and hospital anxiety and depression questionnaires.ResultAmong 3426 subjects ≥ 18 years old from 3 villages in Uttar Pradesh, 84% participated, of whom 80% were finally analyzed. Of these 2774 subjects (age 38.4 ± 16.5 years, 1573 [56.7%] male), 2654 [95.7%] were vegetarian and 120 [4.3%] non‐vegetarian. Socioeconomic classes were upper (16.7%), upper middle (15.1%), lower middle (22%), upper lower (22.2%), and lower (24%) using Prasad's Classification; 603 (21.7%) had FGIDs (413 [14.9%] dyspepsia, 75 [2.7%] irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 115 [4.1%] dyspepsia‐IBS overlap), by Rome III criteria. In subjects with dyspepsia, 49/528 (9%) had epigastric pain, 141 (27%) postprandial distress syndromes (EPS, PDS) and 338 (64%) EPS‐PDS overlap. IBS was more often diarrhea than constipation‐predominant subtype. On univariate analysis, chewing tobacco, aerated drink, tea/coffee, disturbed sleep, vegetarianism, and anxiety parameters and presence of dyspepsia predicting occurrence of IBS were associated with FGIDs. On multivariate analysis, chewing tobacco, aerated soft drink, tea/coffee, vegetarianism, anxiety parameters, and presence of dyspepsia predicting IBS were significant.ConclusionFunctional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly dyspepsia‐IBS overlap, are common in rural Indian population; the risk factors included chewing tobacco, aerated soft drink, tea/coffee, vegetarian diet, disturbed sleep, anxiety, and dyspepsia predicting occurrence of IBS.