bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite-time blow-up in a degenerate chemotaxis system with flux limitation
Authors: Bellomo Nicola , Winkler Michael 
Published: June 2017

This paper is concerned with radially symmetric solutions of the parabolic-elliptic version of the Keller-Segel system with flux limitation, as given by

(\star)

{

u
t

=
∇
⋅

(

u
∇
u

u
2

+

|

∇
u

|

2

)

−
χ

∇
⋅

(

u
∇
v

1
+

|

∇
v

|

2

)

,

0
=
Δ
v
−
μ
+
u
,

\begin{equation}\tag {\star } \begin {cases} u_t=\nabla \cdot \Big (\frac {u\nabla u}{\sqrt {u^2+|\nabla u|^2}}\Big ) - \chi \, \nabla \cdot \Big (\frac {u\nabla v}{\sqrt {1+|\nabla v|^2}}\Big ), \\[3pt] 0=\Delta v - \mu + u, \end{cases} \end{equation}

under the initial condition

u

|

t
=
0

=

u
0

>
0

u|_{t=0}=u_0>0

and no-flux boundary conditions in a ball

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n

, where

χ
>
0

\chi >0

and

μ
:=

1

|

Ω

|

∫
Ω

u
0

\mu :=\frac {1}{|\Omega |} \int _\Omega u_0

. A previous result of the authors [Comm. Partial Differential Equations 42 (2017), 436–473] has asserted global existence of bounded classical solutions for arbitrary positive radial initial data

u
0

∈

C
3

(

Ω
¯

)

u_0\in C^3(\bar \Omega )

when either

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

and

χ
>
1

\chi >1

, or

n
=
1

n=1

and

∫
Ω

u
0

>

1

(

χ
2

−
1

)
+

\int _\Omega u_0>\frac {1}{\sqrt {(\chi ^2-1)_+}}

.

This present paper shows that these conditions are essentially optimal: Indeed, it is shown that if the taxis coefficient satisfies

χ
>
1

\chi >1

, then for any choice of
\[

{

m
>

1

χ
2

−
1

a
m
p
;

if

n
=
1

,

m
>
0

is arbitrary

a
m
p
;

if

n
≥
2

,

\begin {cases} m>\frac {1}{\sqrt {\chi ^2-1}} & \text {if $n=1$}, \\ \text {$m>0$ is arbitrary} & \text {if $n\ge 2$}, \end {cases}

\]
there exist positive initial data

u
0

∈

C
3

(

Ω
¯

)

u_0\in C^3(\bar \Omega )

satisfying

∫
Ω

u
0

=
m

\int _\Omega u_0=m

which are such that for some

T
>
0

T>0

, (

⋆
\star

) possesses a uniquely determined classical solution

(
u
,
v
)

(u,v)

in

Ω
×
(
0
,
T
)

\Omega \times (0,T)

blowing up at time

T
T

in the sense that

lim sup

t
↗
T

‖
u
(
⋅
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(
Ω
)

=
∞

\limsup _{t\nearrow T} \|u(\cdot ,t)\|_{L^\infty (\Omega )}=\infty

.

This result is derived by means of a comparison argument applied to the doubly degenerate scalar parabolic equation satisfied by the mass accumulation function associated with (

⋆
\star

).
Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGNs – III. On the MBH-σ⋆ relation of type 2 AGNs
Authors: Ricci F. , La Franca F. , Marconi A. , Onori F. , Shankar F. , Schneider R. , Sani E. , Bianchi S. , Bongiorno A. , Brusa M. , Fiore F. , Maiolino R. , Vignali C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent the majority of the AGN population. However, due to the difficulties in measuring their black hole (BH) masses, it is still unknown whether they follow the same BH mass–host galaxy scaling relations valid for quiescent galaxies and type 1 AGNs. Here, we present the locus of type 2 AGNs having virial BH mass estimates in the MBH-σ⋆ plane. Our analysis shows that the BH masses of type 2 AGNs are ∼0.9 dex smaller than type 1 AGNs at σ⋆ ∼ 185 km s−1, regardless of the (early/late) AGN host galaxy morphology. Equivalently, type 2 AGN host galaxies have stellar velocity dispersions ∼0.2 dex higher than type 1 AGN hosts at MBH ∼ 107 M⊙.
The mass–metallicity relation of AKARI-FMOS infrared galaxies at z ∼ 0.88 in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Survey Field
Authors: Oi Nagisa , Goto Tomotsugu , Malkan Matthew , Pearson Chris , Matsuhara Hideo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The mass, metallicity, and star formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy are crucial parameters in understanding galaxy formation and evolution. However, the relation between these parameters, (i.e., the fundamental relation) is still a matter of debate for luminous infrared (IR) galaxies, which carry a bulk of the SFR budget of the universe at z ∼ 1. We have investigated the relation among stellar mass, gas-phase oxygen abundance, and SFR of the Japanese infrared satellite AKARI-detected mid-IR galaxies at z ∼ 0.88 in the AKARI north ecliptic pole deep field. We observed ∼350 AKARI sources with Subaru/Fiber Multi Object Spectrograph near-IR spectrograph, and detected confirmed Hα emission lines from 25 galaxies and expected Hα emission lines from 44 galaxies. The SFRHα, IR of our sample is almost constant (〈SFRHα, IR〉 = ∼ 25 M⊙ yr − 1) over the stellar mass range of our sample. Compared with main-sequence (MS) galaxies at a similar redshift range (z ∼ 0.78), the average SFR of our detected sample is comparable for massive galaxies ( ∼ 1010.58 M⊙), while higher by ∼0.6 dex for less massive galaxies ( ∼ 1010.05 M⊙). We measure metallicities from the [N ii]/Hα emission line ratio. We find that the mass–metallicity relation of our individually measured sources agrees with that for optically-selected star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.1, while metallicities of stacked spectra agree with that of MS galaxies at z ∼ 0.78. Considering the high SFR of individually measured sources, the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) of the IR galaxies is different from that at z ∼ 0.1. However, on the mass–metallicity plane, they are consistent with the MS galaxies, highlighting the higher SFR of the IR galaxies. This suggests that the evolutionary path of our infrared galaxies is different from that of MS galaxies. A possible physical interpretation includes that the star-formation activities of IR galaxies at z ∼ 0.88 in our sample are enhanced by interactions and/or mergers of galaxies, but the inflow of metal-poor gas is not yet induced, keeping the metallicity intact.
Trends in P Value, Confidence Interval, and Power Analysis Reporting in Health Professions Education Research Reports: A Systematic Appraisal
Authors: Abbott Eduardo F. , Serrano Valentina P. , Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Pandian T.K. , Naik Nimesh D. , West Colin P. , Pankratz V. Shane , Cook David A. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
To characterize reporting of P values, confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical power in health professions education research (HPER) through manual and computerized analysis of published research reports.

Method
The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL in May 2016, for comparative research studies. For manual analysis of abstracts and main texts, they randomly sampled 250 HPER reports published in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015, and 100 biomedical research reports published in 1985 and 2015. Automated computerized analysis of abstracts included all HPER reports published 1970–2015.

Results
In the 2015 HPER sample, P values were reported in 69/100 abstracts and 94 main texts. CIs were reported in 6 abstracts and 22 main texts. Most P values (≥77%) were ≤.05. Across all years, 60/164 two-group HPER studies had ≥80% power to detect a between-group difference of 0.5 standard deviations. From 1985 to 2015, the proportion of HPER abstracts reporting a CI did not change significantly (odds ratio [OR] 2.87; 95% CI 1.04, 7.88) whereas that of main texts reporting a CI increased (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.39, 2.78). Comparison with biomedical studies revealed similar reporting of P values, but more frequent use of CIs in biomedicine. Automated analysis of 56,440 HPER abstracts found 14,867 (26.3%) reporting a P value, 3,024 (5.4%) reporting a CI, and increased reporting of P values and CIs from 1970 to 2015.

Conclusions

P values are ubiquitous in HPER, CIs are rarely reported, and most studies are underpowered. Most reported P values would be considered statistically significant.
Identifying Gaps in the Performance of Pediatric Trainees Who Receive Marginal/Unsatisfactory Ratings
Authors: Li Su-Ting T. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Schwartz Alan , Guillot Ann , Burke Ann , Trimm R. Franklin , Guralnick Susan , Mahan John D. , Gifford Kimberly A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo perform a derivation study to determine in which subcompetencies marginal/unsatisfactory pediatric residents had the greatest deficits compared with their satisfactorily performing peers and which subcompetencies best discriminated between marginal/unsatisfactory and satisfactorily performing residents.MethodMulti-institutional cohort study of all 21 milestones (rated on four or five levels) reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, and global marginal/unsatisfactory versus satisfactory performance reported to the American Board of Pediatrics. Data were gathered in 2013–2014. For each level of training (postgraduate year [PGY] 1, 2, and 3), mean differences between milestone levels of residents with marginal/unsatisfactory and satisfactory performance adjusted for clustering by program and C-statistics (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) were calculated. A Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of .0007963 was used to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsMilestone and overall performance evaluations for 1,704 pediatric residents in 41 programs were obtained. For PGY1s, two subcompetencies had almost a one-point difference in milestone levels between marginal/unsatisfactory and satisfactory trainees and outstanding discrimination (≥ 0.90): organize/prioritize (0.93; C-statistic: 0.91) and transfer of care (0.97; C-statistic: 0.90). The largest difference between marginal/unsatisfactory and satisfactory PGY2s was trustworthiness (0.78). The largest differences between marginal/unsatisfactory and satisfactory PGY3s were ethical behavior (1.17), incorporating feedback (1.03), and professionalization (0.96). For PGY2s and PGY3s, no subcompetencies had outstanding discrimination.ConclusionsMarginal/unsatisfactory pediatric residents had different subcompetency gaps at different training levels. While PGY1s may have global deficits, senior residents may have different performance deficiencies requiring individualized counseling and targeted performance improvement plans.
Impact of Noise and Noise Reduction on Processing Effort: A Pupillometry Study
Authors: Wendt Dorothea , Hietkamp Renskje K. , Lunner Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
Speech perception in adverse listening situations can be exhausting. Hearing loss particularly affects processing demands, as it requires increased effort for successful speech perception in background noise. Signal processing in hearing aids and noise reduction (NR) schemes aim to counteract the effect of noise and reduce the effort required for speech recognition in adverse listening situations. The present study examined the benefit of NR schemes, applying a combination of a digital NR and directional microphones, for reducing the processing effort during speech recognition.

Design:
The effect of noise (intelligibility level) and different NR schemes on effort were evaluated by measuring the pupil dilation of listeners. In 2 different experiments, performance accuracy and peak pupil dilation (PPD) were measured in 24 listeners with hearing impairment while they performed a speech recognition task. The listeners were tested at 2 different signal to noise ratios corresponding to either the individual 50% correct (L50) or the 95% correct (L95) performance level in a 4-talker babble condition with and without the use of a NR scheme.

Results:
In experiment 1, the PPD differed in response to both changes in the speech intelligibility level (L50 versus L95) and NR scheme. The PPD increased with decreasing intelligibility, indicating higher processing effort under the L50 condition compared with the L95 condition. Moreover, the PPD decreased when the NR scheme was applied, suggesting that the processing effort was reduced. In experiment 2, 2 hearing aids using different NR schemes (fast-acting and slow-acting) were compared. Processing effort changed as indicated by the PPD depending on the hearing aids and therefore on the NR scheme. Larger PPDs were measured for the slow-acting NR scheme.

Conclusions:
The benefit of applying an NR scheme was demonstrated for both L50 and L95, that is, a situation at which the performance level was at a ceiling. This opens the opportunity for new means of evaluating hearing aids in situations in which traditional speech reception measures are shown not to be sensitive.
Vasomotor symptoms in women in Asia appear comparable with women in Western countries: a systematic review
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Rizvi Farwa , Davis Susan R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
There is a belief that menopausal symptoms, particularly vasomotor symptoms (VMS), are a Western phenomena and less likely to be experienced in women in Asian countries. This systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of VMS in Asian countries.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Google scholar were searched systematically for relevant population-based prevalence studies published between 1981 and 2016. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using a risk-of-bias tool developed explicitly for the systematic review of prevalence studies.

Results:
A total of 43 articles, comprising 31,945 women, were included. In South Asian and Middle Eastern countries, the prevalence of VMS in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women reported by studies that used random sampling and validated questionnaires was comparable with that reported for Western countries. The other Asian studies that used convenience-sampling procedures, irrespective of questionnaire validation, provided more disparate results. The reasons for the variation in reporting of prevalences of VMS in the included studies are likely to be a function of methodological issues, rather than ethnic, cultural, or socioeconomic differences. Most of the included studies had a medium-to-high risk of bias.

Conclusions:
The reported prevalences of VMS in Asia, particularly in South Asian and Middle Eastern countries, are consistent across studies that used random sampling and validated questionnaires, and are comparable with those in Western countries. Data from nationally representative studies that employ validated instruments are still needed in several Asian countries to ascertain the true prevalence of VMS.
Successful use of the Gellhorn pessary as a second-line pessary in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Deng Mou , Ding Jing , Ai Fangfang , Zhu Lan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The primary outcome of this study was the efficacy of the Gellhorn pessary in patients with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) who failed to retain a ring with support pessary, and the secondary outcome is the related factors that influence its successful use.

Methods:
Between May 2015 and May 2016, women with POP quantification stage III to IV, who initially failed to place a ring with a support pessary, but were then successfully fitted with a Gellhorn pessary, were included. We performed independent-sample t tests, nonparametric tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regressions for data analysis.

Results:
A total of 82.3% (65/79) participants were successfully fitted with a Gellhorn pessary at the fitting. At 3 months, 46 participants continued to use the pessary, whereas 19 discontinued use, indicating a success rate of 70.8% (46/65). All the participants were satisfied with their pessary. More than half experienced mild complications such as vaginal erosion or discharge. The presence of predominant prolapse in the anterior wall may be an influential factor for successful pessary use (P < 0.01), whereas a higher body mass index or a history of prior hysterectomy or prolapse surgery was associated with discontinuation.

Conclusion:
For patients with advanced POP who failed to retain a ring with support pessary, the Gellhorn pessary can be offered as a second option. Body mass index, the presence of predominant anterior wall prolapse, and a previous hysterectomy or prolapse surgery may be potential factors influencing the outcomes of Gellhorn pessary use.
Combined data of intravaginal prasterone against vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause
Authors: Labrie Fernand , Archer David F. , Martel Céline , Vaillancourt Mario , Montesino Marlene 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To analyze the effects of intravaginal prasterone obtained in the three randomized clinical studies performed in postmenopausal women suffering from moderate to severe (MS) dyspareunia due to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Methods:
In three independent 12-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical studies, the effect of daily intravaginal 0.50% (6.5 mg) prasterone was examined on four co-primary objectives in women having MS pain during sexual activity (dyspareunia), identified as their most bothersome symptom (MBS) of VVA at baseline.

Results:
In 436 women treated with 0.50% prasterone and 260 women who received placebo, an average 35.1% decrease over placebo in the percentage of parabasal cells (P < 0.0001), an average 7.7% increase in the percentage of superficial cells (P < 0.0001), and a mean 0.72 pH unit decrease in vaginal pH (P < 0.0001) were observed. The severity score of most bothersome symptom dyspareunia was decreased by a 0.46 unit (49%) (P < 0.0001 over placebo), whereas the severity score of MS vaginal dryness decreased by 0.31 unit (P < 0.0001 over placebo). A very positive evaluation was obtained on the acceptability of the technique of administration of the insert, whereas the male partners reported a very positive evaluation of the changes observed in their sexual partner.

Conclusion:
The efficacy data demonstrate highly positive effects on all the symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy with no significant drug-related side effects in line with the physiology of menopause and intracrinology.
Evidence for “inter- and intraspecific horizontal genetic transfers” between anciently asexual bdelloid rotifers is explained by cross-contamination
Authors: Wilson Christopher G. , Nowell Reuben W. , Barraclough Timothy G. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBdelloid rotifers are microscopic invertebrates thought to have evolved for millions of years without sexual reproduction. They have attracted the attention of biologists puzzled by the maintenance of sex among nearly all other eukaryotes. Bdelloid genomes have an unusually high proportion of horizontally acquired non-metazoan genes. This well-substantiated finding has invited speculation that homologous horizontal transfer between rotifers also may occur, perhaps even 'replacing' sex. A 2016 study inCurrent Biologyclaimed to supply evidence for this hypothesis. The authors sampled rotifers of the genusAdinetafrom natural populations and sequenced one mitochondrial and four nuclear loci. For several samples, species assignments were incongruent among loci, which the authors interpreted as evidence of "interspecific genetic exchanges". Here, we use sequencing chromatograms supplied by the authors to demonstrate that samples treated as individuals actually contained two or more divergent mitochondrial and ribosomal sequences, indicating contamination with DNA from additional animals belonging to the supposed “donor species”. We also show that “exchanged” molecules share only 75% sequence homology, a degree of divergence incompatible with established mechanisms of recombination and genomic features ofAdineta. These findings are parsimoniously explained by cross-contamination of tubes with animals or DNA from different species. Given the proportion of tubes contaminated in this way, we show by calculation that evidence for "intraspecific horizontal exchange" in the same dataset is explained by contamination with conspecific DNA. On the clear evidence of these analyses, the 2016 study provides no reliable support for the hypothesis of horizontal genetic transfer between or within these bdelloid species.
A Guide to Robust Statistical Methods in Neuroscience
Authors: Wilcox Rand R. , Rousselet Guillaume A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThere is a vast array of new and improved methods for comparing groups and studying associations that offer the potential for substantially increasing power, providing improved control over the probability of a Type I error, and yielding a deeper and more nuanced understanding of neuroscience data. These new techniques effectively deal with four insights into when and why conventional methods can be unsatisfactory. But for the non-statistician, the vast array of new and improved techniques for comparing groups and studying associations can seem daunting, simply because there are so many new methods that are now available. The paper briefly reviews when and why conventional methods can have relatively low power and yield misleading results. The main goal is to suggest some general guidelines regarding when, how and why certain modern techniques might be used.
Size control in mammalian cells involves modulation of both growth rate and cell cycle duration
Authors: Cadart Clotilde , Monnier Sylvain , Grilli Jacopo , Attia Rafaele , Terriac Emmanuel , Baum Buzz , Cosentino-Lagomarsino Marco , Piel Matthieu 
Published: June 2017

SummaryDespite decades of research, it remains unclear how mammalian cell growth varies with cell size and across the cell division cycle to maintain size control. Answers have been limited by the difficulty of directly measuring growth at the single cell level. Here we report direct measurement of single cell volumes over complete cell division cycles. The volume added across the cell cycle was independent of cell birth size, a size homeostasis behavior called “adder”. Single-cell growth curves revealed that the homeostatic behavior relied on adaptation of G1 duration as well as growth rate modulations. We developed a general mathematical framework that characterizes size homeostasis behaviors. Applying it on datasets ranging from bacteria to mammalian cells revealed that a near-adder is the most common type of size control, but only mammalian cells achieve it using modulation of both cell growth rate and cell-cycle progression.
Specter: linear deconvolution as a new paradigm for targeted analysis of data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry proteomics
Authors: Peckner Ryan , Myers Samuel A , Egertson Jarrett D , Johnson Richard S , Abelin Jennifer G. , Carr Steven A , MacCoss Michael J , Jaffe Jacob D 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition (DIA) has emerged as a promising method to greatly improve the comprehensiveness and reproducibility of targeted and discovery proteomics, in theory systematically measuring all peptide precursors within a biological sample. Despite the technical maturity of DIA, the analytical challenges involved in discriminating between peptides with similar sequences in convoluted spectra have limited its applicability in important cases, such as the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and alternative site localizations in phosphoproteomics data. We have developed Specter, an open-source software tool that uses linear algebra to deconvolute DIA mixture spectra directly in terms of a spectral library, circumventing the problems associated with typical fragment correlation-based approaches. We validate the sensitivity of Specter and its performance relative to other methods by means of several complex datasets, and show that Specter is able to successfully analyze cases involving highly similar peptides that are typically challenging for DIA analysis methods.