bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of minimally invasive fixation with ESIN in the management of displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures: a case series with minimum of 2 years follow-up
Authors: Chachan Sourabh , Sahu Biswajit 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Over the last few years, operative treatment has become the standard for treatment of clavicle fractures. Both plating and intra-medullary pinning techniques are available for treating clavicle fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of minimally invasive technique using elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) in surgical treatment of displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is a prospective case series study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics of a tertiary care centre. 44 cases of acute displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures with a mean age of 32.7 years were treated by intramedullary pinning with titanium elastic stable nails and were followed-up for a mean period of 30.6 months(range= 24-40 months). Functional outcomes were evaluated by using Constant Shoulder score. The results obtained were analysed using student’s t-test.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Union was achieved in all except one case which showed delayed union. 7 cases were complicated by telescoping (incidence= 15.9%) and 6 out of these 7 cases also had medial nail protrusion (incidence= 13.6%) simultaneously. 9 cases had shortening of less than 1cm and 2 had shortening of more than 1cm. No other complication was reported from any of the case. Mean constant shoulder scores improved from 15 to 85.6 (p value &lt;0.001) after 12 months from surgery. However, no further improvement was seen after 12 months of surgery, with no statistical difference (p value= 0.789) between the mean scores at 12 (85.6) and 24 (85.7) months<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ESIN offers the advantages of treating displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures with minimal incision and decreased surgery time with minimal intra-operative blood loss. The results were excellent in terms of functional outcomes. The complication rates were low and return to normal activity was quiet fast. ESIN is a minimally invasive technique with good cosmetic and functional results. This method should be seen as an alternative to plate fixation and non-operative treatment<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Autologous grafting of non manupulated freshly isolated - adipose tissue derived stromal vascular fraction in single surgical sitting for treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Tantuway Vinay , Bhambani Pawan , Nagla Ashok , Mantry Piyush , Sharma Raj , Mehto Pankaj , Bansal Swati 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major cause of morbidity, having a substantial influence on health quality of life, imposing enormous burden of cost on the health care system. It is a chronic degenerative disorder that is characterised by articular cartilage degeneration. It can be caused by aging, heredity and injury from trauma or disease. Primary symptoms of OA include joint pain, stiffness and limitation of movement. Disease progression is usually slow but can ultimately lead to joint failure with pain and disability. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from adipose tissue is a rich source of pre adipocytes, mesenchymal cells (MSC), endothelial progenitor cell, T cells, B cells, mast cells as well as adipose tissue macrophages. It can be easily obtained from loose connective tissue that is associated with adipose tissue by lipoaspiration under local anaesthesia. SVF is isolated without using any enzymes or chemicals and its autologous grafting is done in a single surgical sitting. Here, we evaluated safety and clinical efficacy of freshly isolated Autologous SVF cells in patients with grade 2-4 degenerative osteoarthritis (OA). .</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 116 joints mainly knee OA were treated with autologous grafting of SVF done in a single surgical sitting. A total of 116 joints studied out of which 80 joints were followed up for 12 months, 88 joints followed for 9 months, 110 joints followed for 6 months and finally all 116 joints were followed for minimum 1 month for safety and efficacy.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Modified KOOS clinical score was used to evaluate clinical effect and was based on pain, non-steroid analgesic usage, limping, extent of joint movement, and stiffness evaluation before and at pre-operative, 1 Month post-op, 6 months post-op and 12 Months post-op after grafting. No side effects, systemic infection or cancer was associated with Autologous grafting of SVF. There was a significant improvement from pre-op to post op in all the followed patients. Average KOOS score improved from pre-operative 46.4 to post-operative 12 months average 77.9 i.e. very significant improvement in all grades. All sub-scale parameter for pain, symptoms, activity of living and quality of life showed significant improvement. Higher grade of OA were associated with comparatively slower healing.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Autologous grafting of SVF in single surgical sitting is a novel and promising treatment approach for patients with degenerative OA. This treatment method was found to be minimal invasive, safe and cost-effective treatment modality for osteoarthritis. </p>
Status of oxidants and antioxidants in rheumatoid arthritis patients of north Karnataka
Authors: Hathiwale Mohammed Ismail I. , Jargar Jameel G. , Dhundasi Salim A. 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oxidant stress as a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or a reduction in the body’s endogenous antioxidant defense system is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of the study was to establish the status of oxidative/nitrosative stress in RA patients of north Karnataka.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty RA patients<strong> </strong>and equal number of healthy individuals (controls) were included in the study. The morning stiffness (MS) and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) of RA patients were examined. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were estimated. Biochemical parameters uric acid, lipid peroxide (LPO), nitric oxide (NOx), vitamin C &amp; E, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant increased ESR (11.20 mm/hr vs. 40.97 mm/hr, 265.80%), uric acid (3.85 mg/dL vs. 6.73 mg/dL, 74.81%), LPO (1.12 μmol/L vs. 2.35 μmol/L, 109.82%) and NOx (16.19 μmol/L vs. 45.43 μmol/L, 180.61%) levels with significant decreased of the levels of Hb (12.59 g/dL vs. 10.16 g/dL, 19.30%), vitamin C &amp; E (11.20.mg/L vs. 3.87.mg/dL, 65.45% and 13.01 mg/L vs. 7.05 mg/dL, 45.81%), SOD (3757.90 U/g Hb vs. 2201.20 U/g Hb, 41.42%) and GSH-Px (1.81 U/g Hb vs. 0.92 U/g Hb, 49.17%) were observed in RA. There was direct correlation found between MS, DAS-28 and ESR with serum LPO and NOx in RA patients. A significant negative correlation was detected between activity parameters with biochemical parameters in RA patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Increased oxidants level and decreased non-enzymatic/enzymatic antioxidants level in RA patients of north Karnataka confirm an association between oxidative/nitrosative stress and rheumatoid arthritis. </p>
CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DA LITERATURA INFANTIL NA ESCOLA INTEGRAL ENTRE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL I
Authors: Nascimento Maryna dos Santos , Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes de 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo buscou compreender as concepções dos docentes sobre a Literatura infantil em uma escola de tempo integral, e ainda como esse gênero literário poderá ser utilizado no espaço escolar para habilitar os alunos a se tornarem bons leitores letrados e emancipados socialmente. Para isso utilizou-se a pesquisa de análises semânticas com educadores do Ensino Fundamental I, onde identificaram que as palavras: aprendizagem, qualidade, disciplina, formação, leitura, estímulo, ludicidade, entre outras, se associam semanticamente e conceitualmente com o tema deste trabalho, ainda percebeu-se que os docentes, compreendem a importância do conhecimento integral na formação do ser humano e que a presença da Literatura infantil na rotina de uma escola de educação em tempo integral contribui de maneira significativa para essa formação objetivada.Palavras-chave: Literatura infantil. Escola integral. Professores.ABSTRACTThis article sought to understand the conceptions of teachers on children's literature in a full-time school, and also how this genre can be used at school to enable students to become good readers literate and socially emancipated. For this we used the research of semantic analysis with educators from elementary school , which found that the words : learning, quality, discipline, training, reading, encouragement, playfulness, among others, are associated semantically and conceptually with the theme of this work it was also realized that teachers, understand the importance of full knowledge in the formation of the human being and that the presence of children's literature in the routine of an education full time school contributes significantly to this objectified training.Keywords: Children's Literature. Full school. Teachers.RESUMENEn este artículo buscó comprender las concepciones de los docentes sobre la literatura infantil en una escuela de tiempo completo, así como ese género literario será capaz de ser utilizado en el espacio educativo para que los estudiantes puedan convertirse en buenos lectores letrados y emancipados socialmente. Para eso se utilizó la investigación de análisis semánticas con educadores de la Enseñanza Fundamental I, donde se identificaron que las que las palabras: aprendizaje, calidad, disciplina, formación, lectura, estímulo, alegría, entre otros, están asociados semánticamente y conceptualmente con el tema de este trabajo, también se dio cuenta de que los maestros, comprenden la importancia del conocimiento completo en la formación del ser humano y que la presencia de la Literatura infantil en la rutina de una escuela de educación de tiempo completo contribuye de manera significativa para esa formación objetivada.Palabras clave: Literatura infantil. Escuela integral. Maestros.
OS SABERES PEDAGÓGICOS NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Everton Elizia Graziele Oliveira , Bonfim Maria Núbia Barbosa 
Published: December 2016

Neste estudo, analisa-se a formação pedagógica do Curso de Licenciatura em Letras da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, no campus do Bacanga, com sede em São Luís. A tessitura dessa pesquisa baseia-se na abordagem qualitativa, mais precisamente no estudo de caso. Fez-se uso da entrevista semiestruturada, enquanto instrumento metodológico, com alunos dos dois últimos períodos e professores das disciplinas pedagógicas. Como técnica de tratamento e análise de dados, fez-se uso da análise de conteúdo. As representações dos sujeitos da pesquisa apontam algumas fragilidades na formação pedagógica, mas com uma perspectiva de mudança, para que o Curso se fortaleça enquanto Licenciatura e para que a formação pedagógica ganhe um lugar de destaque.Palavras-chave: Formação docente. Saberes pedagógicos. Formação pedagógica.ABSTRACTIn the study, we analyze the pedagogical training of the Letters Course at Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga campus, based in “São Luís”. The elaboration of this research on qualitative approach, is more precisely in the case studied. It was used semi-structured interview as a methodogical tool with students of the last two periods and teachers of educacional disciplines. As data processing and analysis technique, it was made content analysis. The representations of the research subjects showed some weaknesses in teacher training, but with a change of perspective so the course can be strengthened as a Formation and for pedagogical training earn a prominent place.Keywords: Teacher training. Pedagogical knowledge. Pedagogical training. RESUMENEn este estudio, se analiza la formación pedagógica del Curso de Licenciatura en Letras de la Universidad Federal do Maranhão, en el campus del Bacanga, con sede en São Luís. La tesitura de esa investigación se basa en el enfoque cualitativo, más exactamente en el estudio de caso. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada, mientras instrumento metodológico, con alumnos de los dos últimos períodos y profesores de las asignaturas pedagógicas. Como técnica de tratamiento y análisis de datos, se hizo uso del análisis de contenido. Las representaciones de los sujetos de la investigación apuntan algunas fragilidades en la formación pedagógica, pero con una perspectiva de cambio, para que el Curso se fortalezca como Licenciatura y para que la formación pedagógica gane un lugar de destaque.Palabras clave: Formación docente. Saberes pedagógicos. Formación pedagógica.
”A SOUVENIR OF LOURENá‡O MARQUES”: álbuns fotográficos de C. S. Fowler, J. & M. Lazarus e José dos Santos Rufino (1887-1929)
Authors: GOMES INáŠS VIEIRA 
Published: December 2016

Pretende-se neste artigo analisar alguns álbuns fotográficos que integram uma genealogia da imagem de Moçambique entre 1887 e 1929. A cronologia refere-se a um perá­odo de afirmação de Portugal em territórios africanos ”“ especialmente em Angola e em Moçambique ”“ disputados por outras potências europeias, nomeadamente Inglaterra e Alemanha. á€ medida que a corrida á áfrica se intensificava, a fotografia manifestou-se como um poderoso aliado de uma polá­tica de fixação territorial e administrativa, no intuito de inventariar e registar os locais e os seus habitantes. Organizadas em álbuns fotográficos, as fotografias revelam um conjunto de vistas de Moçambique, nomeadamente de Lourenço Marques. Esse registo pretendia revelar uma áfrica cosmopolita á luz de projetos ”modernistas”. No fundo, uma áfrica branca que se sobrepunha a uma áfrica negra e primitiva.Palavras-chave: Moçambique. Fotografia. álbuns Fotográficos.”A SOUVENIR OF LOURENá‡O MARQUES”: photographic albums of C. S. Fowler, J. & M. Lazarus and José dos Santos Rufino (1887-1929)Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze some photographic albums in Mozambique between 1887 and 1929. The chronology refers to a period during the affirmation of the Portuguese Colonial Empire in Africa ”“ especially in Angola and in Mozambique ”“ in order to protect some territories from British and German interests. As the scramble for Africa got intensified, photography was a powerful ally of a territorial and administrative policy of setting in order to record and register the places and their natives. Organized into photographic albums, photographs reveal a set of views of Mozambique, especially from Lourenço Marques, in order to reveal a cosmopolitan Africa in the light of ”modernists” projects. In other words, the emerge of a ”white Africa”.Keywords: Mozambique. Photography. Photographic Albums. ”A SOUVENIR OF LOURENá‡O MARQUES”: álbumes fotográficos de C. S. Fowler, J. & M. Lazarus y José dos Santos Rufino (1887-1929)Resumen: El propósito de este artá­culo es analizar algunos álbumes de fotografá­a que integran una genealogá­a de imagen de Mozambique entre 1887 y 1929. La cronologá­a se refiere a un perá­odo de afirmación de Portugal en territorios africanos ”“ especialmente en Angola y en Mozambique ”“ disputados por otras potencias europeas, como Inglaterra y Alemania. A medida que la carrera por áfrica se intensificaba, la fotografá­a se manifestó como un poderoso aliado de una polá­tica de fijación territorial y administrativa, con el fin de inventariar y registrar los lugares y sus habitantes. Organizados en álbumes fotográficos, las fotografá­as revelan un conjunto de vistas de Mozambique, especialmente de Lourenço Marques. Con este registro se pretendá­a revelar una áfrica cosmopolita a la luz de los proyectos "modernistas". En otras palabras, una áfrica blanca superpuesta a una áfrica negra y primitiva. Palabras clave: Mozambique. Fotografá­a. álbumes Fotográficos.
Features and characteristics of problem based learning
Authors: Ceker Eser , Ozdamli Fezile 
Published: December 2016

Throughout the years, there appears to be an increase in Problem Based Learning applications in education; and Problem Based Learning related research areas. The main aim of this research is to underline the fundamentals (basic elements) of Problem Based Learning, investigate the dimensions of research approached to PBL oriented areas (with a look for the latest technology supported tools of Problem Based Learning). This research showed that the most researched characteristics of PBL are; teacher and student assessments on Problem Based Learning, Variety of disciplines in which Problem Based Learning strategies were tried and success evaluated, Using Problem Based Learning alone or with other strategies (Hybrid or Mix methods), Comparing Problem Based Learning with other strategies, and new trends and tendencies in Problem Based Learning related research. Our research may help us to identify the latest trends and tendencies referred to in the published studies related to â€œproblem based learningâ€ areas. In this research, Science Direct and Ulakbim were used as our main database resources. The sample of this study consists of 150 articles.

Keywords: Problem based learning, literature review, new trends, technology
Determination of preservice special education teachersâ€™ views on early childhood intervention
Authors: Baglama Basak , Demirok Mukaddes Sakalli 
Published: December 2016

Experiences in early childhood have a great influence on a child's physical and mental development. Early childhood interventions are widely accepted as an effective way to prevent learning difficulties and to promote healthy development for children with special needs. For this reason, it is important for teachers who will work with children with special needs or children who are at risk to have sufficient knowledge about early childhood intervention and be competent in this area. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the views of preservice special education teachers about early childhood intervention. This study used quantitative research method and a questionnaire form was used to collect the data. The results are discussed in detail with reference to relevant literature. Implications and recommendations for further research are also provided in order to improve the quality of education policies, programs and practices related with early childhood intervention and increase awareness and knowledge related with early childhood interventions among teacher candidates.

Keywords: Early childhood, early intervention, preservice special education teachers, views.
Improvement Of Competitiveness In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Park Kyung Jin , Yoo Youngtae 
Published: December 2016

While SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) contribute much to the economy, their competitiveness compared to that of large enterprises is negligible. Periodic evaluation of the overall competitiveness of SMEs is important to determine the reasons behind their relatively low growth rate. In order to maximize the effects of support for SMEs through government policies, determining the best means of providing support and enhancing competitiveness is necessary. Government funds or other sources of support for SMEs must be supplied according to the circumstances surrounding each enterprise. For instance, if the government invests in tangible assets, SMEs must be the target, because their size guarantees that despite their lower flexibility, competitiveness will improve. If investment is made in research and development, the firm’s long-term capacity for growth must be evaluated rather than its profitability, since there is an immediate increase in costs. There are differences in the effects of investment on flexibility, immaterial capital, and the ability to compete according to the size of the firm and the number of years it has been in business; these factors must be taken into account. Also, in allocating supporting funds to SMEs, the sites at which the funds are to be used must be examined. Active use of funds in areas where SMEs cannot invest in themselves is encouraged, rather than investment in general.
The Effect Of Accruals Quality On The Association Between Voluntary Disclosure And Information Asymmetry In Korea
Authors: Shin Hoyoung , Oh Hyunmin 
Published: December 2016

Using data on the firms' voluntary disclosures from the Korea Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014, we first empirically examine the association between voluntary disclosure and information asymmetry and then investigate the extent to which this association is affected by accruals quality since Korea adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2011. We use Comprix et al. (2011) and Shin and Park (2014)'s measures of information asymmetry. They are daily stock return volatility (VOLA) and trading volume turnover (VOL). We use the Dechow et al.'s (1995) revised Jones model and the Kothari et al.'s (2005) performance matched discretionary accrual model to measure the discretionary accruals. The absolute values of discretionay accruals are used as proxies for accruals quality. Final research samples with voluntary disclosure for this study are 1,226 (firms-years) companies. The research findings generally support our hypotheses. First, the relation between voluntary disclosure and information asymmetry is statistically and significantly positive as we have expected. The Korean companies with high voluntary disclosure would experience higher daily stock return volatility and less trading volume, which implies that companies tend to disclose biased information to the outside, which is consistent with prior studies in Korea. Second, the accruals quality (moderating variable) on the relation between voluntary disclosure and information asymmetry is statistically and significantly negative. Thus, we can conclude that when accruals quality is high, more voluntary disclosure decreases information asymmetry. These findings imply that accruals quality works as a mechanism in reducing the negative effect of voluntary disclosure on information asymmetry after the adoption of IFRS in Korea. The limitation of this study is such that we might not have considered other omitted variables and other proxies for the accruals quality, voluntary disclosure, and information asymmetry.
El Muntu: la diáspora del pensamiento filosófico africano en Changó, el gran putas de Manuel Zapata Olivella
Authors: Sierra Díaz Diana Carolina 
Published: December 2016

La problemática del fenómeno diaspórico en América es un elemento notable en Changó, el gran putas. En esta novela el éxodo africano se encuentra estrechamente relacionado con la filosofía Muntu. Esta filosofía agrupa unos saberes africanos compuestos de diversos elementos que resurgen en América transformándose dentro de un contexto de intercambio cultural postcolonial. En Changó, el Muntu nos permite analizar no solo la posibilidad de tejer una alianza africana y mestiza en pos de libertad en América, sino que constituye además una metáfora del mestizaje americano, una oportunidad de ver la Historia de este continente desde un punto de vista literario involucrando asimismo diferentes dimensiones del ser humano. Proponemos una reflexión en torno a la manera como las diferentes categorías filosóficas del Muntu (Kintu, Kuntu, Hantu y Muntu) son abordadas y ad[a/o]ptadas desde una perspectiva filosófico literaria, cuestionando su relevancia dentro de la obra.