bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low‐dose X‐ray irradiation and Ti particles on the osseointegration of prosthetic
Authors: She Chang , Shi Gao‐Long , Xu Wei , Zhou Xiao‐Zhong , Li Jian , Tian Ye , Li Jian , Li Wei‐Hao , Dong Qi‐Rong , Ren Pei‐Gen 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTLow‐dose irradiation (LDI) exhibits a positive effect on osteoblasts and inhibitory effect of inflammation. Here, we test the hypothesis that LDI can promote osseointegration and inhibit the inflammatory membrane formation in the presence of titanium (Ti) particles. Endotoxin‐free titanium particles were injected into rabbit, prior to the insertion of a Ti6‐Al‐4‐V sticks pre‐coated with hydroxyapatite. Two days after operation, both distal femurs of the animal were exposed to 0.5 Gy X‐ray irradiation. All ani­mals were euthanized 8 weeks after the operation. The PINP concentration was determined at day 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation. Trabecular morphology around the implants 8 weeks after operation was assessed using micro‐CT, then the maximum push out force of simples was assessed using biomechanics test. Five samples in each group were chosen for bone histomorphology study without decalcification 8 weeks after operation. The results confirmed that the LDI can significantly improve ingrowth of bone into the prosthetic interface and stability of the prosthesis when there was no wear particles. Although promotion effects for bone formation induced by LDI can be counteracted by wear particles, LDI can significantly inhibit the interface membrane formation around the implant induced by wear particles. Based on these results, we conclude that LDI may be useful for enhancing the stability of prosthesis when there are no wear particles and for inhibiting the interface membrane formation during the early stage of aseptic loosening in the presence of wear particles. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1688–1696, 2016.
Meso‐ and microzooplankton grazing in the Amazon River plume and western tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Conroy Brandon J. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Stukel Michael R. , Goes Joaquim I. , Coles Victoria J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLargely due to size differences, mesozooplankton are important exporters of carbon and prey for larger organisms, while microzooplankton are important recyclers of nutrients, dominant grazers of phytoplankton, and a key link in the microbial loop. We investigated the relative importance of meso‐ and microzooplankton grazing in the western tropical North Atlantic Ocean (WTNA) and Amazon River plume. Sampling as part of the ANACONDAS project occurred in spring (May–June) 2010 during the peak outflow of the Amazon River and in fall (September–October) 2011 during the plume seasonal retroflection. Mesozooplankton grazing rates decreased with increasing salinity in both seasons, but during the fall both day and nighttime grazing rates were significantly negatively correlated with salinity. Mesozooplankton grazing was highest in plume‐influenced surface waters (0–25 m), and usually dominated by smaller size classes (0.2–0.5 mm and 0.5–1.0 mm). Microzooplankton grazing accounted for approximately 68% of bulk phytoplankton growth across all stations. Comparison of meso‐ and microzooplankton grazing suggests a transition in food web dynamics from a mesozooplankton dominated “export” structure in the plume transitioning to a microzooplankton dominated “retention” structure at mesohaline and oceanic stations above sea surface salinity of 33. Comparison between the seasons suggests a seasonal planktonic succession of low mesozooplankton grazing during the spring peak discharge followed by higher grazing rates and impact by mesozooplankton during the fall retroflection. These results provide important baseline information required for examining effects of climate change on the planktonic food web of the WTNA and for use in biogeochemical models of the region.
Sex differences in spatial cognition: advancing the conversation
Authors: Levine Susan C. , Foley Alana , Lourenco Stella , Ehrlich Stacy , Ratliff Kristin 
Published: January 2016

The existence of a sex difference in spatial thinking, notably on tasks involving mental rotation, has been a topic of considerable research and debate. We review this literature, with a particular focus on the development of this sex difference, and consider four key questions: (1) When does the sex difference emerge developmentally and does the magnitude of this difference change across development? (2) What are the biological and environmental factors that contribute to sex differences in spatial skill and how might they interact? (3) How malleable are spatial skills, and is the sex difference reduced as a result of training? and (4) Does ‘spatializing’ the curriculum raise the level of spatial thinking in all students and hold promise for increasing and diversifying the STEM pipeline? Throughout the review, we consider promising avenues for future research. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:127–155. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1380This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
Psychology > Learning
Reduced production of ethyl carbamate for wine fermentation by deletingCAR1inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Guo Xue-Wu , Li Yuan-Zi , Guo Jian , Wang Qing , Huang Shi-Yong , Chen Ye-Fu , Du Li-Ping , Xiao Dong-Guang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEthyl carbamate (EC), a pluripotent carcinogen, is mainly formed by a spontaneous chemical reaction of ethanol with urea in wine. The arginine, one of the major amino acids in grape musts, is metabolized by arginase (encoded by CAR1) to ornithine and urea. To reduce the production of urea and EC, an arginase-deficient recombinant strain YZ22 (Δcarl/Δcarl) was constructed from a diploid wine yeast, WY1, by successive deletion of two CAR1 alleles to block the pathway of urea production. The RT-qPCR results indicated that the YZ22 almost did not express CAR1 gene and the specific arginase activity of strain YZ22 was 12.64 times lower than that of parent strain WY1. The fermentation results showed that the content of urea and EC in wine decreased by 77.89 and 73.78 %, respectively. Furthermore, EC was forming in a much lower speed with the lower urea during wine storage. Moreover, the two CAR1 allele deletion strain YZ22 was substantially equivalent to parental strain in terms of growth and fermentation characteristics. Our research also suggested that EC in wine originates mainly from urea that is produced by the arginine.
The effectiveness of the Ponseti method for treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis: Up to 8 years follow-up
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Beirne Peter , Garg Neeraj 
Published: January 2016

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the Ponseti method in treating clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis. Methods Retrospective consecutive review over a 10-year period in a tertiary centre of all patients with arthrogrypotic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. The primary outcome measure at final follow-up was the functional correction of the deformity. Results There were ten children with 17 arthrogrypotic clubfeet, with an average follow-up of 5.8 years (range 3–8 years). The average age at presentation was 5 weeks (range 2–20 weeks). Deformities were severe, with an average Pirani score of 5.5 (range 3–6). Initial correction was achieved in all children with an average of 8 (range 4–10) Ponseti casts and a tendo-Achilles tenotomy (TAT) was performed in 94.1 %. Two-thirds of patients had a satisfactory outcome at final follow-up, with functional plantigrade, pain-free feet. Conclusions The Ponseti method is an effective first-line treatment for arthrogrypotic clubfeet to achieve functional plantigrade feet. Children will often require more casts and have a higher risk of relapse.
Zoledronic Acid Treatment After Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Results of a Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Schnitzer Thomas J. , Kim Ki , Marks Julia , Yeasted Renita , Simonian Narina , Chen David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of intravenous zoledronic acid 5 mg on the extent and course of bone loss after spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignDouble‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled parallel‐group trial.SettingAcute in‐patient, tertiary‐care rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 17 in‐patients with SCI <12 weeks before randomization; American Spinal Injury Association Impairment scale A, B, or C and medically stable. Twelve patients were evaluated at the primary endpoint at 6 months.MethodsPatients meeting study criteria were randomly assigned to zoledronic acid 5 mg or matching placebo. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry scan and serum for bone markers (type 1 procollagen amino‐terminal propeptide, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 cross‐linked C‐telopeptide) were obtained at baseline and after 3 months, 6 months, and the every 6 months for up to 2 years.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary endpoint was change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip after 6 months; secondary endpoints were changes in BMD at other skeletal sites and changes in levels of serum bone markers.ResultsThe group treated with zoledronic acid had a smaller decrease in BMD at 6 months at the total hip than the placebo group (right: −2.2 ± 3.4% versus −8.6 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = .03; left: −3.7 ± 1.0% versus −12.3 ± 6.9%, P = .03). Differences in BMD at the femoral neck were similar (right: −5.1 ± 6.5% versus −20.0 ± 6.4%, P = .01; left: −1.1 ± 3.5% versus −11.1 ± 7.4%, P = .02) with larger bone loss and smaller between group differences at the knee. Zoledronic acid resulted in a decrease in serum levels of both formation and resorption markers.ConclusionsZoledronic acid is effective at mitigating bone loss after SCI. Duration of efficacy and activity at different skeletal sites may differ from that observed in able‐bodied individuals and needs further study.
Caracterización de alumnos de la carrera de Medicina
Authors: Fernández-Ortega Miguel Ángel , Ortiz-Montalvo Armando , Ponce-Rosas Efrén Raúl , Fajardo-Ortiz Guillermo , Mazón-Ramírez Juan José 
Published: January 2016

Introducción: El año de Servicio Social (SS) constituye una aproximación a la realidad del campo profesional que considera el perfil profesional del educando, las características epidemiológicas y culturales de la población, y un excelente escenario para la práctica de la medicina general, incluso para evidenciar las competencias profesionales de los alumnos en un escenario real, las cuales pueden resultar de gran utilidad para la planeación educativa y la proyección del ejercicio profesional de los egresados.
Objetivo: Identificar las características sociodemográficas, económicas y de satisfacción en torno a la formación recibida durante la carrera, así como en el desempeño de los alumnos durante el SS.Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, no comparativo y retrospectivo. Universo: 388 alumnos que concluyeron el año de SS en 2014. Se elaboró y validó un cuestionario con 58 ítems relacionados con: factores sociodemográficos y educativos, satisfacción de los egresados y desarrollo del SS. En esta primera etapa la información se analizó mediante técnicas descriptivas e inferenciales.
Resultados: Respondieron 388 alumnos: 143 hombres y 245 mujeres. El 95.6% manifestó un promedio de calificación de bachillerato ≥ 8. El 60.4% concluyó la carrera en 6.5 años y el 60.8% no reprobó materias. El 60% realizó su SS en provincia. El 63.4% recibió supervisión o asesoría. El 21.9% recibió agresiones, de las que un 1.8% fueron físicas; un 58.8% en la comunidad y un 38.8% en la institución receptora. El 95.8% de los alumnos se considera exitoso; el 96.6% recomendaría la facultad para estudiar Medicina, considerando que su prestigio y profesores son sus principales fortalezas, y los trámites administrativos su mayor debilidad.
Colorectal Disorders in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Panichsillapakit Theppharit , Patel Derek , Santangelo Joanne , Richman Douglas D. , Little Susan J. , Smith Davey M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background.  The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is important in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report a case series of lower GI endoscopic and histopathologic findings of HIV-infected individuals after presentation with acute infection.
Methods.  We performed a retrospective case review of individuals infected with HIV who enrolled between August 2010 and April 2013 in a primary infection treatment trial. All participants started the trial during acute infection and underwent colonoscopy with biopsies at baseline and after the start of antiretroviral treatment.
Results.  Twenty acutely infected individuals were included in the study (mean age, 33 years; range, 20–54 years). All participants were male who reported having receptive anal sex as an HIV risk factor. Nine individuals (45%) had at least 1 finding by colorectal pathology; 1 person had 2 diagnoses (diverticulosis and focal active proctitis). The histopathological findings revealed anal dysplasia in 3 cases: 2 had high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and 1 had low-grade AIN. Two persons had a colorectal polyp, 1 hyperplastic and 1 adenomatous. Three persons were diagnosed with diverticulosis, and 2 persons were diagnosed with proctitis, including 1 with focal active proctitis and 1 with cytomegalovirus proctitis.
Conclusions.  To our knowledge, this is the first case series report of lower GI disorders in acute HIV-infected individuals. Although the causal relationship remains uncertain, we describe the endoscopic findings that were observed during acute HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Understanding the prevalence of these pathologies may likely shed light on how acute HIV infection damages the lower GI tract.
Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Quadrivalent Seasonal Flu Vaccine Comprising Recombinant Hemagglutinin-Flagellin Fusion Proteins
Authors: Tussey Lynda , Strout Cynthia , Davis Matthew , Johnson Casey , Lucksinger Gregg , Umlauf Scott , Song Langzhou , Liu Ge , Abraham Katalin , White C. Jo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background.  We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of VAX2012Q, a quadrivalent influenza vaccine comprising 4 hemagglutinin subunits fused to flagellin.
Methods.  In this dose-ranging, open-label study, healthy adults (18–40 years) were divided into 7 cohorts for evaluation of 5 dose levels and 3 component ratios. Dose levels were as follows: (1) 1 mcg per component of VAX128C (H1N1), VAX181 (H3N2), VAX173 (B-YAM), and VAX172 (B-VIC), respectively; (2) 2 mcg per component, respectively; (3) 2, 4, 4, and 4 mcg of each component, respectively; (4) 2, 4, 6, and 6 mcg of each component, respectively; and (5) 3 mcg per component, respectively. Tolerability and immunogenicity data were analyzed.
Results.  Three hundred sixteen subjects received VAX2012Q (309 per protocol). At all dose levels, 54% to 65% of subjects reported mild injection site pain, the most common local reaction. Moderate injection site pain increased at dose levels 2 through 5 (22%–42%, compared with 20% at dose level 1). Systemic symptoms were mostly mild to moderate with moderate symptoms increasing in dose levels 3 and 4. Three dose level 3 subjects (6%) reported severe, transient chills and or fever. Mean fold rises in hemagglutination inhibition titers ranged from 2.5 to 6.9 despite high baseline titers. Mean seroprotection rates were ≥90% and mean seroconversion rates were ≥40% for all strains in all groups postvaccination.
Conclusions.  VAX2012Q elicited immune responses at all dose levels with no significant safety concerns. Doses of 2 or 3 mcg per component provided a favorable balance of tolerability and immunogenicity.
The Effect of Switching to Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy on the Risk of Opportunistic Infections Among Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Ramadhani Habib O. , Bartlett John A. , Thielman Nathan M. , Pence Brian W. , Kimani Stephen M. , Maro Venance P. , Mwako Mtumwa S. , Masaki Lazaro J. , Mmbando Calvin E. , Minja Mary G. , Lirhunde Eileen S. , Miller William C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground.  Due to the unintended potential misclassifications of the World Health Organization (WHO) immunological failure criteria in predicting virological failure, limited availability of treatment options, poor laboratory infrastructure, and healthcare providers’ confidence in making switches, physicians delay switching patients to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Evaluating whether timely switching and delayed switching are associated with the risk of opportunistic infections (OI) among patients with unrecognized treatment failure is critical to improve patient outcomes.Methods.  A retrospective review of 637 adolescents and adults meeting WHO immunological failure criteria was conducted. Timely and delayed switching to second-line ART were defined when switching happened at &lt;3 and ≥3 months, respectively, after failure diagnosis was made. Cox proportional hazard marginal structural models were used to assess the effect of switching to second-line ART on the risk of developing OI.Results.  Of 637 patients meeting WHO immunological failure criteria, 396 (62.2%) switched to second-line ART. Of those switched, 230 (58.1%) were delayed. Switching to second-line ART reduced the risk of OI (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR], 0.4; 95% CI, .2–.6). Compared with patients who received timely switch after failure diagnosis was made, those who delayed switching were more likely to develop OI (AHR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1–4.3).Conclusion.  Delayed switching to second-line ART after failure diagnosis may increase the risk of OI. Serial immunological assessment for switching patients to second-line ART is critical to improve their outcomes.
Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC broadband transient monitor
Authors: Sakamoto Takanori , Oda Ryoma , Mihara Tatehiro , Yoshida Atsumasa , Arimoto Makoto , Barthelmy Scott D. , Kawai Nobuyuki , Krimm Hans A. , Nakahira Satoshi , Serino Motoko 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We present a newly developed broadband transient monitor using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and the MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC) data. Our broadband transient monitor keeps vigil for high-energy transient sources from 2 keV to 200 keV in seven energy bands by combining the BAT (15–200 keV) and the GSC (2–20 keV) data. Currently, daily and 90-minute (one orbit) averaged light curves are available for 106 high-energy transient sources. This transient monitor is available to the public through our web server, http://yoshidalab.mydns.jp/bat_gsc_trans_mon/, for wider use by the community. We discuss a daily sensitivity of our monitor and possible future improvements on our pipeline.
Does Ondansetron Modify Sympathectomy Due to Subarachnoid Anesthesia?
Authors: Terkawi Abdullah S. , Mavridis Dimitris , Flood Pamela , Wetterslev Jørn , Terkawi Rayan S. , Bin Abdulhak Aref A. , Nunemaker Megan S. , Tiouririne Mohamed 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAbstract
This study assessed the efficacy of ondansetron using standard meta-analysis and more recently developed statistical techniques including small trial bias assessments, selection models, and trial sequential analyses. This study fails to confirm evidence that ondansetron reduces the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia after subarachnoid anesthesia.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Disagreement among many underpowered studies has led to an equivocal understanding of the efficacy of the 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron in preventing the consequences of sympathectomy after subarachnoid anesthesia. The authors assessed the efficacy of ondansetron with respect to the overall quality and statistical power of the meta-analyses.

Methods
The authors used a standard and a newer method of meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis (TSA), to estimate adjusted CIs based on how much information has been accrued. They also used random-effects meta-analyses techniques, small trial bias assessment, selection models, sensitivity analyses, and the Grading of Recommendations on Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. These results from the aforementioned techniques were compared, and importance of consideration of these factors was discussed.

Results
Fourteen randomized placebo-controlled trials (1,045 subjects) were identified and analyzed. By using conventional meta-analyses, the authors determined that ondansetron was associated with reduction in the incidence of hypotension (relative risk = 0.62 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.83], P = 0.001; TSA-adjusted CI, 0.34 to 1.12; I
2 = 60%, P = 0.002) and bradycardia (relative risk = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.73], P = 0.001; TSA-adjusted CI, 0.05 to 3.85; I
2 = 0%, P = 0.84). However, the authors found indications of bias among these trials. TSAs demonstrated that the meta-analysis lacked adequate information size and did not achieve statistical significance when adjusted for sparse data and repetitive testing. The Grading of Recommendations on Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system showed that the results had low to very low quality of evidence.

Conclusions
The analyses fail to confirm evidence that ondansetron reduces the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia after subarachnoid anesthesia due to the risk of bias and information sizes less than the required. As results from meta-analysis are given significant weight, it is important to carefully evaluate the quality of the evidence that is input.
A Novel Neonatal Feeding Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk–Scoring Tool Is Easy to Use and Valued by Nursing Staff
Authors: Naberhuis Jane , Wetzel Christine , Tappenden Kelly A. 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Preterm infants are at increased risk of developing feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Comprehensive, targeted nursing assessments can evaluate the risk for and identify early signs of these conditions in an effort to prevent their destructive sequela.

Purpose:
While the long-term goal is to develop a validated risk-scoring tool for the prediction of feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis, the objective of the preliminary phase presented here is to assess the ease of use and nurses' attitudes toward a novel feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis risk–scoring tool.

Methods:
A novel risk-scoring nursing tool was implemented in a University of Illinois–affiliated 48-bed level III neonatal intensive care unit. Data were collected from the electronic medical record of all preterm infants with parental consent during the initial 6-month study period. Scoring accuracy (accuracy of selection of risk factors based on electronic medical record data), ease of use, and nurses' attitudes toward the tool were assessed at the study site and by evaluators at a national neonatal nursing conference.

Results:
Fourteen nurses scored 166 tools on the 63 enrolled infants. Sixteen tools (9.6%) contained errors. Mean study site tool ease of use was 8.1 (SD: 2.2) on a 10-point scale. Ninety percent of conference evaluators agreed/strongly agreed that the tool addressed important knowledge gaps.

Implications for Practice:
The tool is easy to use and valued by nurses. Following validation, widespread implementation is expected to be a clinically feasible means to improve infant clinical outcomes for minimal time and financial cost.

Implications for Research:
Tool validation and refinement based on nursing feedback will improve its broad applicability and predictive utility.