bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse Eosinophils: Identification, Isolation, and Functional Analysis
Authors: Reichman Hadar , Rozenberg Perri , Munitz Ariel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEosinophils are bone marrow–derived cells that differentiate in the bone marrow and migrate into the peripheral blood primarily under the regulation of interleukin (IL)–5. Eosinophil levels in the blood are relatively low. However, under steady‐state conditions and in settings of allergic inflammation, parasite infections, or even cancer, they migrate and mainly reside in mucosal tissues where they have key effector and immune‐modulating functions. Functional studies using eosinophils are not simple, since these cells are terminally differentiated and rapidly die in vitro. Thus, establishing simple methods to characterize, obtain, and functionally assess eosinophil activities is important. In this unit, we describe methodology for identifying tissue eosinophils by flow cytometry. In addition, we provide detailed methods for isolating eosinophils and for differentiating them from bone marrow cells for further functional studies. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Screening and Identifying Membrane Proteins Favorable for Crystallization
Authors: Kim Jared , Ng Ho Leung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis unit addresses several critical challenges associated with membrane protein crystallography by screening membrane proteins from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Sus scrofa cerebral tissue for biochemical properties favorable for crystallization. First, a tissue sample or cell pellet is obtained. The cells are isolated, washed, and then lysed either by sonication, bead beating, or manual homogenization. Membrane proteins are fractionated from the lysates by centrifugation and solubilized in a mild detergent suitable for crystallization, such as n‐dodecyl‐β‐maltoside (DDM). Detergent extracts are then centrifuged, heat precipitated, and filtered to remove insoluble, thermally unstable, and/or aggregated proteins. Samples are then prepared for analysis by mass spectrometry: proteins are precipitated by methanol/chloroform extraction and subjected to reduction, alkylation, and protease digestion. The resulting peptides are passed through a detergent removal column, desalted, rehydrated in 0.1% formic acid (v/v), and identified by LC‐MS/MS. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Efficient and Robust Enantioselective Liquid–Liquid Extraction of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols utilizing VAPOL‐ and VANOL‐based Phosphoric Acid Hosts
Authors: Pinxterhuis Erik B. , Gualtierotti Jean‐Baptiste , Wezenberg Sander J. , de Vries Johannes G. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe large‐scale production of enantiopure compounds in a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly manner remains one of the major challenges of modern‐day chemistry. The resolution of racemates through enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction was developed as a suitable solution but has remained largely underused, owing to a lack of highly efficient and robust chiral hosts to mediate the process. This paucity of hosts can in part be attributed to a poor understanding of the underlying principles behind these processes hindering the design of more efficient selectors. A previously untested class of hosts, VAPOL and VANOL derived phosphoric acids, has been studied in depth for the efficient enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction of 1,2‐amino alcohols. A systematic investigation of extraction parameters was conducted, revealing many key interactions and DFT calculations illustrate the binding modes for the 1:1 complexes that are involved in chiral recognition. The resulting, now‐optimized, procedures are highly robust and easy to implement. They are also easily scalable, as demonstrated by U‐tube experiments.
Developmental social isolation affects adult behavior, social interaction, and dopamine metabolite levels in zebrafish
Authors: Shams Soaleha , Amlani Shahid , Buske Christine , Chatterjee Diptendu , Gerlai Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe zebrafish is a social vertebrate and an excellent translational model for a variety of human disorders. Abnormal social behavior is a hallmark of several human brain disorders. Social behavioral problems can arise as a result of adverse early social environment. Little is known about the effects of early social isolation in adult zebrafish. We compared zebrafish that were isolated for either short (7 days) or long duration (180 days) to socially housed zebrafish, testing their behavior across ontogenesis (ages 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 days), and shoal cohesion and whole‐brain monoamines and their metabolites in adulthood. Long social isolation increased locomotion and decreased shoal cohesion and anxiety in the open‐field in adult. Additionally, both short and long social isolation reduced dopamine metabolite levels in response to social stimuli. Thus, early social isolation has lasting effects in zebrafish, and may be employed to generate zebrafish models of human neuropsychiatric conditions.
New specific primers for amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region in Clitellata (Annelida)
Authors: Liu Yingkui , Erséus Christer 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNuclear molecular evidence, for example, the rapidly evolving Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS), integrated with maternally inherited (mitochondrial) COI barcodes, has provided new insights into the diversity of clitellate annelids. PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS, however, are often hampered by poor specificity of primers used. Therefore, new clitellate‐specific primers for amplifying the whole ITS region (ITS: 29F/1084R) and a part of it (ITS2: 606F/1082R) were developed on the basis of a collection of previously published ITS sequences with flanking rDNA coding regions. The specificity of these and other ITS primers used for clitellates were then tested in silico by evaluating their mismatches with all assembled and annotated sequences (STD, version r127) from EMBL, and the new primers were also tested in vitro for a taxonomically broad sample of clitellate species (71 specimens representing 11 families). The in silico analyses showed that the newly designed primers have a better performance than the universal ones when amplifying clitellate ITS sequences. In vitro PCR and sequencing using the new primers were successful, in particular, for the 606F/1082R pair, which worked well for 65 of the 71 specimens. Thus, using this pair for amplifying the ITS2 will facilitate further molecular systematic investigation of various clitellates. The other pair (29F/1084R), will be a useful complement to existing ITS primers, when amplifying ITS as a whole.
Evidence of exceptional oyster‐reef resilience to fluctuations in sea level
Authors: Ridge Justin T. , Rodriguez Antonio B. , Fodrie F. Joel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEcosystems at the land–sea interface are vulnerable to rising sea level. Intertidal habitats must maintain their surface elevations with respect to sea level to persist via vertical growth or landward retreat, but projected rates of sea‐level rise may exceed the accretion rates of many biogenic habitats. While considerable attention is focused on climate change over centennial timescales, relative sea level also fluctuates dramatically (10–30 cm) over month‐to‐year timescales due to interacting oceanic and atmospheric processes. To assess the response of oyster‐reef (Crassostrea virginica) growth to interannual variations in mean sea level (MSL) and improve long‐term forecasts of reef response to rising seas, we monitored the morphology of constructed and natural intertidal reefs over 5 years using terrestrial lidar. Timing of reef scans created distinct periods of high and low relative water level for decade‐old reefs (n = 3) constructed in 1997 and 2000, young reefs (n = 11) constructed in 2011 and one natural reef (approximately 100 years old). Changes in surface elevation were related to MSL trends. Decade‐old reefs achieved 2 cm/year growth, which occurred along higher elevations when MSL increased. Young reefs experienced peak growth (6.7 cm/year) at a lower elevation that coincided with a drop in MSL. The natural reef exhibited considerable loss during the low MSL of the first time step but grew substantially during higher MSL through the second time step, with growth peaking (4.3 cm/year) at MSL, reoccupying the elevations previously lost. Oyster reefs appear to be in dynamic equilibrium with short‐term (month‐to‐year) fluctuations in sea level, evidencing notable resilience to future changes to sea level that surpasses other coastal biogenic habitat types. These growth patterns support the presence of a previously defined optimal growth zone that shifts correspondingly with changes in MSL, which can help guide oyster‐reef conservation and restoration.
Experimental and simulation studies for reaction enhancement of catalytic CF4 hydrolysis by consecutive HF removal using a multi‐stage catalyst‐adsorbent reactor
Authors: Han Jae‐Yun , Kim Chang‐Hyun , Lee Boreum , Jeong Seonju , Lim Hankwon , Lee Kwan‐Young , Ryi Shin‐Kun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a multi‐stage catalyst‐adsorbent reactor consisting of a series of catalyst and adsorbent beds is proposed for an effective tetrafluoromethane (CF4) abatement and conversion of corrosive hydrogen fluoride (HF) to CaF2, a useful chemical. Experimentally, enhanced CF4 conversions were observed in multi‐stage catalyst‐adsorbent reactors compared to a zero‐stage reactor (catalyst bed only) confirming sorption‐enhanced CF4 hydrolysis due to selective removal of HF during reaction. In addition, some useful design guidelines to select the number of stages and a proper time to replace adsorbents are presented. To develop a process simulation model to represent experimental data, Aspen HYSYS®, a commercial process simulator, was used providing a proper model to match experimental data quite reasonably. Based on experimental and simulative studies, a three‐ or four‐stage catalyst‐adsorbent reactor is recommended for CF4 abatement considering both reactor performance and capital/operating expenditures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sclerostin Antibody Augments the Anabolic Bone Formation Response in a Mouse Model of Mechanical Tibial Loading
Authors: Morse Alyson , Schindeler Aaron , McDonald Michelle M , Kneissel Michaela , Kramer Ina , Little David G 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Decreased activity or expression of sclerostin, an endogenous inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, results in increased bone formation and mass. Antibodies targeting and neutralizing sclerostin (Scl-Ab) have been shown to increase bone mass and reduce fracture risk. Sclerostin is also important in modulating the response of bone to changes in its biomechanical environment. However, the effects of Scl-Ab on mechanotransduction are unclear, and it was speculated that the loading response may be altered for individuals receiving Scl-Ab therapy. To address this, we carried out a 2-week study of tibial cyclic compressive loading on C57Bl/6 mice treated with vehicle or 100 mg/kg/wk Scl-Ab. Increases in bone volume, density, and dynamic bone formation were found with loading, and the anabolic response was further increased by the combination of load and Scl-Ab. To investigate the underlying mechanism, gene profiling by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was performed on tibias isolated from mice from all four experimental groups. Major alterations in Wnt/β-catenin gene expression were found with tibial loading, however not with Scl-Ab treatment alone. Notably, the combination of load and Scl-Ab elicited a synergistic response from a number of specific Wnt-related and mechanotransduction factors. An unexpected finding was significant upregulation of factors in the Rho GTPase signaling pathway with combination treatment. In summary, combination therapy had a more profound anabolic response than either Scl-Ab or loading treatment alone. The Wnt/β-catenin and Rho GTPase pathways were implicated within bone mechanotransduction and support the concept that bone mechanotransduction is likely to encompass a number of interconnected signaling pathways. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Functional SNP in microRNA‐491‐5p binding site of MMP9 3′‐UTR affects cancer susceptibility
Authors: Pirooz Homeira Javadi , Jafari Niloofar , Rastegari Mozhdeh , Fathi‐Roudsari Mehrnoosh , Tasharrofi Nooshin , Shokri Gelareh , Tamadon Mona , Sazegar Hossein , Kouhkan Fatemeh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression through base pairing interactions between 3′‐UTR of the target mRNAs and seed sequence of miRNA. Any changes in the recognition site could destroy binding sites or modify binding affinity, resulting in evasion from miRNA regulation. A putative binding site for miR‐491‐5p resides in 3′‐UTR of MMP9, and a genetic variant (rs1056628 A → C) is present in this region. The role of MMP9 over expression well marked in various cancers. However, whether rs1056628 SNP in miR‐491‐5p binding site of MMP9 3′‐UTR could abrogate its post‐transcriptional regulation and affect cancer susceptibility remains largely unknown. To test this, the rs1056628 SNP was genotyped in 300 cases of lung, gastric and breast cancers and 200 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The results showed that compared with the AA genotype, C was a risk genotype for all three cancers development and was also associated with gastric and breast cancers metastasis and invasion. Based on the base pairing analysis and secondary structure evaluation of MMP9 mRNA and miR‐491‐5p, we found that miR‐491‐5p had a higher binding affinity for A genotype than the C genotype. The Luciferase activity of MMP9 3′‐UTR indicates differential regulation of two genetic variations of MMP9. Overexpression of miR‐491‐5p decreased MMP9 mRNA level in cell lines of gastric, breast and lung cancers and thus leads to decreasing of the invasion ability. Therefore, for the first time we imply that the C variant of MMP9 contributes to the likelihood of gastric, breast and lung cancers susceptibility via a novel mechanism of subtle gene regulation through miRNA binding capacity.
Rn7SK small nuclear RNA is involved in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Bazi Zahra , Bertacchi Michele , Abasi Mozhgan , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira , Soleimani Masoud , Wagner Nicole , Ghanbarian Hossein 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRn7SK‐mediated global transcriptional regulation, key function of this small nuclear RNA (snRNA), is mediated by inhibition of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P‐TEFb). Recently, we have identified a potential anti‐proliferative and tumor‐suppressive function of Rn7SK. However, its possible regulatory role in development and cell programming has not been investigated so far. Here, we examined transcriptional levels of Rn7SK in different mouse organs. Interestingly, an increased expression level of the RNA was observed in the brain. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that Rn7SK has a dynamic expression pattern during brain development from embryo to adult: 7SK snRNA expression was particularly high at embryonic day (E) 18.5 and adult stages, while a low level of this non‐coding RNA was detected at E11.5. Moreover, a decreased transcription level was identified in proliferating progenitors whereas a strong upregulation of Rn7SK was observed during neural differentiation in vivo. Similar to the in vivo situation, in vitro neuronal differentiation experiments employing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) demonstrated the same expression pattern of 7SK with high expression levels in differentiating neurons. Neuronal differentiation of ESCs was compromised when we knocked down Rn7SK, indicating an important role of 7SK in the acquisition of a neural fate.
Functional analysis of metallothionein MTT5 from Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Zhou Huanxin , Xu Jing , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) constitute a superfamily of cysteine‐rich proteins that bind heavy‐metal ions by metal‐thiolate clusters. Five MT genes from Tetrahymena thermophila was subdivided into 7a (MTT1, MTT3, and MTT5) and 7b (MTT2 and MTT4) subfamilies. In the study, MTT5 was knocked out in Tetrahymena. The mutant cells were sensitive to Cd2+ and Pb2+ but poorly sensitive to Cu+. In the MTT5 knockout cells, the expression levels of MTT1 and MTT3 were significantly up‐regulated under Cd2+ and Pb2+ stresses, whereas the expression levels of MTT2 and MTT4 were significantly up‐regulated under Cu+ stress relative to those in the wild‐type cells. Furthermore, recombinant GST‐MTT5 was expressed in Escherichia coli/pGEX‐MTT5 and purified by affinity chromatography. Fluorescence quenching analysis showed that apoMTT5 can bind 8 Cd2+, 8 Pb2+, and 12 Cu+. The metal‐binding ability of the MTT5 complex followed the order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu+. Meanwhile, the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations of the heavy‐metal ions for E. coli/pGEX‐MTT5 were as follows: Cu+ (483.9 µM) > Pb2+ (410.7 µM) > Cd2+ (130.8 µM). The accumulation of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu+ in the E. coli/pGEX‐MTT5 was enhanced relative to that of E. coli/pGEX‐4T. Results suggested that different MTs functionally compensated in Tetrahymena, and MTT5 was a potential candidate for cadmium and lead bioremediation.
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Gomi Harumi , Solomkin Joseph S. , Schlossberg David , Okamoto Kohji , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Ukai Tomohiko , Endo Itaru , Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Pitt Henry A. , Matsunaga Naohisa , Takamori Yoriyuki , Umezawa Akiko , Asai Koji , Suzuki Kenji , Han Ho‐Seong , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Mori Yasuhisa , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Belli Giulio , Dervenis Christos , Yokoe Masamichi , Kiriyama Seiki , Itoi Takao , Jagannath Palepu , Garden O. James , Miura Fumihiko , de Santibañes Eduardo , Shikata Satoru , Noguchi Yoshinori , Wada Keita , Honda Goro , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gouma Dirk J. , Deziel Daniel J. , Liau Kui‐Hin , Chen Miin‐Fu , Liu Keng‐Hao , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Chan Angus C. W. , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Choi In‐Seok , Jonas Eduard , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Fan Sheung Tat , Ker Chen‐Guo , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Mukai Shuntaro , Higuchi Ryota , Hirata Koichi , Inui Kazuo , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial therapy is a mainstay of the management for patients with acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) provides recommendations for the appropriate use of antimicrobials for community‐acquired and healthcare‐associated infections. The listed agents are for empirical therapy provided before the infecting isolates are identified. Antimicrobial agents are listed by class‐definitions and TG18 severity grade I, II, and III subcategorized by clinical settings. In the era of emerging and increasing antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and updating local antibiograms is underscored. Prudent antimicrobial usage and early de‐escalation or termination of antimicrobial therapy are now important parts of decision‐making. What is new in TG18 is that the duration of antimicrobial therapy for both acute cholangitis and cholecystitis is systematically reviewed. Prophylactic antimicrobial usage for elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is no longer recommended and the section was deleted in TG18. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Mayumi Toshihiko , Okamoto Kohji , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Schlossberg David , Pitt Henry A. , Yoshida Masahiro , Gomi Harumi , Miura Fumihiko , Garden O. James , Kiriyama Seiki , Yokoe Masamichi , Endo Itaru , Asbun Horacio J. , Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Umezawa Akiko , Suzuki Kenji , Itoi Takao , Hata Jiro , Han Ho‐Seong , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Dervenis Christos , Asai Koji , Mori Yasuhisa , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Belli Giulio , Mukai Shuntaro , Jagannath Palepu , Cherqui Daniel , Kozaka Kazuto , Baron Todd H. , de Santibañes Eduardo , Higuchi Ryota , Wada Keita , Gouma Dirk J. , Deziel Daniel J. , Liau Kui‐Hin , Wakabayashi Go , Padbury Robert , Jonas Eduard , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Singh Harjit , Gabata Toshifumi , Chan Angus C. W. , Lau Wan Yee , Fan Sheung Tat , Chen Miin‐Fu , Ker Chen‐Guo , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Choi In‐Seok , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Hirata Koichi , Inui Kazuo , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractManagement bundles that define items or procedures strongly recommended in clinical practice have been used in many guidelines in recent years. Application of these bundles facilitates the adaptation of guidelines and helps improve the prognosis of target diseases. In Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), we proposed management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Here, in Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), we redefine the management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Critical parts of the bundles in TG18 include the diagnostic process, severity assessment, transfer of patients if necessary, and therapeutic approach at each time point. Observance of these items and procedures should improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Studies are now needed to evaluate the dissemination of these TG18 bundles and their effectiveness. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
A novel biosensor with high signal‐to‐noise ratio for real‐time measurement of dopamine levels in vivo
Authors: Ishida Akimasa , Imamura Atsushi , Ueda Yoshitomo , Shimizu Takeshi , Marumoto Ryosuke , Jung Cha‐Gyun , Hida Hideki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an established method for measuring dopamine (DA) levels in the brain in real time. However, it is difficult to discriminate DA from other monoamines such as serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) and norepinephrine (NE). We report a novel DA‐specific biosensor consisting of a carbon‐fiber electrode coated with an ion‐exchange membrane, a layer containing monoamine oxidase B, and a cellulose membrane. We performed FSCV using the probe to monitor the amount of DA in vitro and in vivo. First, we measured currents in vitro in phosphate‐buffered saline as we added one micromole each of DA, 5‐HT, and NE. The results confirmed that the biosensor selectively detected DA. Next, we implanted the probe in the striatum of male rats to investigate whether it could selectively detect changes in the DA content in vivo. The probe detected both the tonic change induced by methamphetamine administration and the phasic change induced by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. In contrast, the electrode in the 6‐hydroxydopamine–lesioned striatum did not respond to systemic selective serotonin or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, confirming its selectivity. Furthermore, the probe in the striatum could still detect changes in the DA level 1 week after electrode implantation. The results suggest that the novel biosensor can measure real‐time changes in DA levels in vivo with a relatively high signal‐to‐noise ratio.