bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural explanations of sleep paralysis: The spiritual phenomena
Authors: Carvalho I. , Maia L. , Coutinho A. , Silva D. , Guimarães G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSleep paralysis (SP) is relatively frequent condition, occurring either at sleep onset or sleep offset. It occurs at least once in a lifetime in 40–50% of normal subjects. During SP, the patient experiences gross motor paralysis, while the sensory system is clear. Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations are common. This experience might be interpreted as a spiritual phenomenon in several cultures, each one with different interpretations and attributions.ObjectiveThe authors revisit the clinical presentation of sleep paralysis and how this sleep disorder is seen from a cultural perspective.AimsTo describe several cultural interpretations of SP.MethodsA literature review of the theme is shortly surveyed.ResultsIt is very common during an episode of SP sensing the presence of menacing intruders in one's bedroom. Supernatural accounts of this hallucinated intruder are common across cultures. It has been traditionally labeled “ghost oppression” among the Chinese. In the Abruzzo region (Italy), the supernatural interpretation of the phenomena is called the Pandafeche attack. One study found that nearly half (48%) of the participants from the general Egyptian population believed their SP to be caused by the Jinn, a spirit-like creature. In Southwest Nigeria, Ogun Oru is a traditional explanation for nocturnal neuropsychiatric disturbances. The characteristics of the ‘a dead body climbed on top of me’ phenomenon suggest that is identical to sleep paralysis and a frequent experience among Mexican adolescents.ConclusionsDepending on the etiological interpretations of SP, which is largely culturally determined, patients react to the event in specific ways.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stress management versus cognitive restructuring: A randomized clinical study on traumatized refugees
Authors: Ekstrøm M. , Carlsson J. , Sonne C. , Mortensen E.L. 
Published: May 2016

Background and aimThere is a lack of evidence regarding which kind of psychotherapy that is the most effective when treating traumatized refugees. Studies on the effect of psychotherapy among other patient groups with PTSD suggest a good effect using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The competence center for transcultural psychiatry (CTP) has specialized in the treatment of traumatized refugees. The objectives were to study the effect of CBT with a focus on either stress management or cognitive restructuring in a clinical sample of traumatized refugees with PTSD and to identify predictors for the treatment effect.MethodsAll patients (n = 143) referred to CTP from June 2011–March 2012 and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were offered to participate in the study. Participants were offered combined treatment with a psychiatrist (psycho-education and psychopharmacological treatment when needed) and a psychologist (CBT). The duration of the treatment was 6–7 months. The participants were randomized to either CBT with a focus on stress management or cbt with focus on cognitive restructuring. The primary outcome was PTSD measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire.ResultsThe results are presently being analyzed and will be presented at the congress.ConclusionsBoth research results and the clinical experience at CTP suggest, that cognitive restructuring is not always a useful tool and that stress reducing techniques could be more useful. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The treatment of traumatised refugees with sertraline versus venlafaxine in combination with psychotherapy – a randomised clinical study
Authors: Ekstrøm M. , Sonne C. , Carlsson J. , Bech P. , Elklit A. 
Published: May 2016

Background and aimToday we lack sufficient evidence to conclude which type of treatment approach that is most efficient when it comes to trauma-affected refugees. That is a problem for both patients and doctors as well as for society. Also there is a lack of studies, which examine the relation between psychosocial resources and treatment efficiency, in order to find reliable predictors of treatment outcome. This study therefore aims to produce new evidence within this field in order to optimise treatment for trauma-affected refugees with complex PTSD.MethodsThe study included 207 patients referred to Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry between April 2012 and September 2013. Patients were randomised into one of the two treatment groups: a sertraline group (n = 109) or a venlafaxine group (n = 98). Patients in both groups received the same manual based cognitive behavioural therapy, specially adapted to this group of patients. The trial endpoints were PTSD-and depression symptoms and social functioning, all measured on validated ratings scales. Furthermore the study examined the relation between expected outcome of treatment from a range of predictors and the relation to the treatment results for the individual patient.ResultsData are presently being analysed and results will be ready for the conference.ConclusionThe study is among the largest randomised studies ever conducted on pharmacological treatment among traumatised refugees. It is expected to bring forward new knowledge about clinical evaluation and medical treatment of traumatised refugees.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stigma towards psychiatric disorders in a sample of depressed females in two different communities
Authors: Elsheikh M. , Haltenhof H. , Bahary M.H. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionStigma and discrimination experienced by persons suffering from mental illness, unlike other medical conditions, recognized as a barrier in countries rich and poor, and in countries with well-developed mental health services and those with limited services. It was hypothesized that depression may affect patients’ attitude towards mental illness “public stigma” as well as self-stigmatization and that there will be a difference between Egyptians and Germans.AimsThis study sets out to identify and compare public–and self-stigma among depressed women in two different communities.ObjectivesTo test findings from transcultural comparative study of two patient groups of depressed women from two different communities. Participants were 50 adult females diagnosed with depression from Egypt and Germany.MethodParticipants completed after clinical interviewing and diagnosis with depression two questionnaires: the inventory of attitude towards mental illness (Shokeer, 2002) and the explanatory model interview catalogue EMIC (Weis et al., 2001).ResultsAnalysis indicates that positive attitudes towards mental illness were more for the German respondents than for the Egyptians. There were significant differences between the two groups in the causal attributions of mental illness. Psychotherapy was widely accepted in the two groups as a helpful method for treatment of mental illness.ConclusionIt was concluded that the traditional beliefs affect the understanding of illness causality and that the subjective experience of depression may affect attitude towards mental illness and mentally ill people. The effect of the social desirability is discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact of language fluency level on patients’ pathway and clinical outcome of the Japanese psychiatric service
Authors: Yuasa A. , Nagasawa S. , Yu A. 
Published: May 2016

Language fluency often impacts on patients’ behaviors. It might affect their pathways, how they find an available psychiatric clinic, and the clinical outcomes, if they continue their treatments. Multicultural services deficiency is serious concern in Japanese psychiatric fields. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2014, more than two million of foreign visitors live in Japan, however, the psychiatric institutions providing multilingual services are rare and inadequate comparing the situation in Europe. The research sets the objective of analyzing the status quo in a multi-language providing psychiatric clinic, how the pathways and outcomes of language diffluent patients differ from these of the local patients. It further aims to find the significance of foreign patients, and strives the improvement of language services for non-native patients in Japanese mental health cares. The research utilized and quantitatively analyzed the retrospective research data among 900 Japanese patients and 902 non-Japanese patients, who have visited a psychiatric clinic located in Tokyo. The analysis revealed that the significant proportion of foreign patients relied on their acquaintances as their pathways, and that the lower their language levels were, the higher proportion they had this path. For the outcomes, the lower their language levels were, the higher continuity status they had. Our research suggested that two of the common ways to find a psychiatric service when local patients suffer from psychopathological maladjustments are researching Homepages and neighboring clinics, however, the foreigners with limited language abilities tended to follow the different pathways and outcome patterns.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A study of mood status in children with type I diabetes mellitus: Relationship with parental stress and metabolic control
Authors: Abdelhameed M. , Ali B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIt has been widely recognized that DM can result in psychological, social and physical problems. Parents of children with DM are likely to be highly distressed.ObjectiveThe study of the relationship between mood status of children with type I DM and some factors that might be implicated in its determination.AimsTo evaluate the presence and degree of depression in a sample of children with type I diabetes and how much it might be affected by their metabolic control and the level of their parents’ stress.MethodsNinety-three children were diagnosed with DM type I. They were clinically interviewed and examined. They went through Childhood Depression Rating Scale (CDI), Family Attitudes Questionnaire and HbA1c% assessment. An age and sex matched control group was taken.ResultsThe age range of diabetic children was 7–18 and two thirds of them were females. Thirty-five patients (37.6%) were depressed according to CDI results. Diabetic children had significantly higher CDI total score and total parenting stress index (PSI) compared to the control group. CDI total score was positively and significantly correlated with indicators of poor diabetes control (frequency of DKA and HbA1C%) and with duration of diabetic illness. CDI total score was also positively and significantly correlated with PSI score.ConclusionsDepression was highly present in this sample of diabetic children. The degree of their mood impairment was positively correlated with duration of diabetic illness, indicators of poor metabolic control of DM and to the level of their parents’ stress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Seasonal affective disorder associate with common chronic diseases and symptoms in a population-based study
Authors: Basnet S. , Merikanto I. , Lahti T. , Partonen T. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recurrent mood disorder with 22%–42% of the patients experiencing symptoms even after 5–11 years after diagnosis, and 33%–44% developing non-seasonal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess how seasonality is associated with some of the most common non-communicable diseases in the general Finnish population.MethodsThe global seasonality score (GSS) and the experiences of problems due to the seasonal variations from FINNRISK 2012 dataset were used to measure the seasonality in 4689 Finns aged 25–74 years living in five geographical regions in Finland, and assess their association with common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The regression models and odds ratios were adopted to analyze the associations adjusted for covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of SAD in the Finnish general population is 21%. Seventy percent of the participants had seasonal variations in sleep duration, social activity, mood and energy level, while 40% had seasonal variations is weight and appetite. Angina pectoris and depression were significantly associated with seasonality, including seasonal variations in sleep duration, mood, weight, appetite, social activity and energy level. Depression was significantly associated with the increased odds for experiencing a problem due to the seasonal variations (OR = 4.851, P < 0.0001) and SAD symptoms (OR = 4.075, P < 0.0001), and with the GSS (P < 0.0001).ConclusionOur data suggest that seasonality is associated with depression and angina pectoris. The co-occurrence of the seasonal variations in mood and behavior with common NCDs warrants the need for future research to have insights into the etiology and potentially shared pathways and mechanisms of action.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) predictive factors of return to work after depression
Authors: Darbeda S. , Seznec J.C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionProlonged sick leaves are a major risk to quit the world of work and depression is the leading cause of disability in France. New therapies from the third wave of CBT as the Commitment and Acceptance Therapy (ACT) may be interesting to promote the return to work (RTW).ObjectivesTo assess predictive factors of return to work after depression.MethodsThis is a descriptive, prospective and multicentric study. The recruitment of investigating doctors was conducted by the publication of an advertisement in a French journal of occupational medicine. Each investigator recruited patients during reinstatement medical examination after a prolonged sick leave for depressive syndrome. Sociodemographic, occupational, medical and psychological factors (particularly in connection with the ACT) was assessed at baseline and 3 months later.ResultsThirty-one patients were initially included in the study, but 2 were lost to follow up at 3 months and 29 were analyzed. Twenty three patients RTW at 3 months. Those who RTW were less anxious (P = 0.023), less depressed (P = 0.021), had a better impression of improvement (P = 0.0066) and had a lower score of experiential avoidance (P = 0.0025).ConclusionsThe ACT, through its action on the reduction of experiential avoidance, and the definitions of new life values could allow a faster RTW after a sick leave for depressive syndrome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acute administration of reboxetine reduces alcohol self-administration but, after a subchronic treatment with this drug, alcohol self-administration is enhanced
Authors: Alen F. , Marban Castro T. , Ballesta-Garcia A.J. , Anton Valades M. , Ramirez-Lopez M.T. , Vazquez M. , Blanco N. , Ouco D. , Jaimez-Alameda M. , Gomez de Heras R. , Serrano A. , Gorriti M.A. , Suarez J. , Rodriguez de Fonseca F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionComorbidity between alcoholism and depression has long been acknowledged, and the possibility that similar brain mechanisms, involving both serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic systems (NE), underlie both pathologies has been suggested. Thus, inhibitors of NE and 5HT uptake have been proposed for the treatment of alcoholism, as they have shown to reduce alcohol intake in various animal models. However, most of the studies mentioned were carried out acutely and there is a lack of knowledge of the possible long-term effects. Clinical studies report an overall low efficacy of antidepressant treatment on alcohol consumption, or even a worsened prognosis. In addition, several cases of alcohol dependence following antidepressant treatment have been reported in the literature.ObjectivesWe aimed at comparing the acute and chronic effects of the treatment with the antidepressant drug reboxetine on alcohol consumption.MethodsWe used a rat model of alcohol self-administration, and two different schedules of reboxetine administration (acute and chronic).ResultsOur results confirm the acute suppressant effects of reboxetine on alcohol consumption but indicate that, when this drug is administered chronically in a period of abstinence from alcohol, it can significantly increase the rate of alcohol self-administration.ConclusionsThese results are important for the understanding of the clinical reports describing cases of increased alcohol consumption after antidepressant treatment, and suggest that much more research is needed to fully understand the long term effects of antidepressants, which remain the most widely prescribed class of drugs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neurocognitive impairments in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type II
Authors: Ilhan R.S. , Senturk-Cankorur V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMost of the studies have indicated that there have been neurocognitive impairments especially in the domains of executive functions, attention, verbal and working memory among euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I). However, there has been limited research investigating neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with BD- II.Objectives/aimsAim of this study was to investigate neurocognitive functions in euthymic BD-II patients. Our hypothesis was that euthymic BD-II patients would have neurocognitive impairments in the domains of executive functions, attention, verbal and working memory.MethodsEuthymic BD-II patients (n = 37) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 35) were compared in terms of their neurocognitive functioning in the domains of executive functions assesed by the number of perseverative errors, non-perseverative errors and category completed on the Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST); working memory assessed by Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT); immediate verbal memory assessed by the Logical Memory subscale of the Wechsler Memory Scale I (WMS I) and attention assesed by Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test (SCWIT). Euthymic state was confirmed by the low scores both on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale.ResultsSignificant differences were found between two groups in terms of WCST non-perseverative errors (Z = 3.8, P < 0.01) and category completed subtests (Z = 3.8, P < 0.01), ACT (t = 2.97, P < 0.01) WMSI (Z = 2.4, P = 0.01), SCWIT (t = 3.52, P < 0.01) performances.ConclusionsOur study indicated that euthymic BD-II patients had poorer performance on the domains of executive functions, attention, working memory and verbal memory than the HC group. But future studies with large samples are needed to support our results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The importance of art therapy in the integrative treatment of recurrent depressive disorder – case study
Authors: Pavlovic Stojkovic J. , Milosavljevic M. , Vukovic M. , Vidic L. , Lecic Tosevski D. 
Published: May 2016

An integrative treatment of patients with affective disorders during hospitalisation also includes art therapy. Art therapy, as a form of expressive therapy, uses the creative process to encourage communication, expression of feelings and offers the space for mutual mirroring. This paper presents a patient who has been treated for approximately five years under the diagnosis of a recurrent depressive disorder (F33) and mixed personality disorder (F61). The patient has been experiencing unrecognised and untreated problems of the depression spectrum since 1993, when he took part in the Yugoslav war. The main issue was the somatic symptoms (headaches, nausea etc). Another major problem during his psychiatric treatment and an additional cause of unsatisfactory therapeutic effect was his inability to verbalise his feelings. In the course of art therapy, when the patient was given a topic “How I see myself in five years”, he drew a man who appeared to be sleeping and explained that he could not see himself in five years’ time, since he would not be alive at the time and that he could not see a way out of the current situation. With the help of a supportive group, for the first time since the beginning of his treatment, he spoke about his thoughts and feelings of hopelessness, sorrow, alienation and loneliness. This enabled new insight into the patient's depression. This clinical example shows how art therapy and reaction of the group, which was supportive and highly associative, can turn the non-verbal into verbal and non-communication into communication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Somatic Symptoms As Measured By Ssi-26 (somatic Symptom Inventory) Correlate With Social And Physical Functioning (sf36) In Depressed Patients. The Relative Contribution Of Anhedonia
Authors: Pérez Morenilla A.L. , Salazar A. , Failde I. , Mico J.A. 
Published: May 2016

According to the DSM5, Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterized by somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning. These criteria are significantly different compared with previous editions of DSM. For example, the DSM-IV diagnosis of somatization disorder required a specific number of complaints from among four symptom groups, however the SSD criteria no longer have such a requirement. Nevertheless somatic symptoms must be significantly distressing or disruptive to daily life. Very few studies have focussed on the influence of suffering anhedonia on the perception of somatic symptoms and how this impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), particularly physical functioning. We studied the relative impact of somatic symptoms on the social and physical functioning in depressed patients. Moreover we have explored the influence of anhedonia as measured by the Snaith-Hamilton Anhedonia Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). We analysed the correlations between the scores of the 8 dimensions of the SF-36, the SSI-26 and the SHAPS questionnaires. The results show a significant correlation between SSI-26 score and physical functioning (r = –0.565; P < 0.001), role physical (r = –0.551; P < 0.001), bodily pain (r = –0.659; P < 0.001), general health (r = –0.534; P < 0.001), vitality (r = –0.481; P = 0.001), social functioning (r = –0.302; P = 0.044) and mental health (r = –0.461; P = 0.001). Additionally, SHAPS score correlates with vitality (r = –0.371; P = 0.012), social functioning (r = –0.574; P < 0.001) and mental health (r = –0.445; P = 0.002). The results demonstrated that both somatic symptoms and level of anhedonia negatively correlate with HRQoL, suggesting a potential relationship between level of anhedonia and some somatic symptoms. This could impact on the diagnosis and treatment of depressed patients with somatic symptoms and anhedonia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.