bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and sustainable development in a VUCA world: the need for a systemic and ecosystem‐based approach
Authors: Schick Axel , Hobson Peter R. , Ibisch Pierre L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTargeting the maintenance of functional ecosystems that provide the significant basis for human well‐being is an integral part of an ecosystem‐based sustainable development. Underlying causes of ecosystem degradation such as global climate change and ever‐growing human demands that rapidly shift socioeconomic and political baselines are often unmanageable at a local scale and require a new approach to planning and action in ecosystem management. The framework conditions that challenge sustainable development are shaped by increasing Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA concept). Using the MARISCO method (adaptive management of vulnerability and risks at conservation sites), we analyzed 22 conservation sites, covering 26 protected areas and six administrative areas on four different continents and involving 524 participants. VUCA conditions were present across cultures and biomes, yet the responses in planning and management varied among conservation sites. The findings of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses confirm that participants understand how far human well‐being heavily depends on the functionality of ecosystems that were seen to suffer from a wide range of stresses and threats of varying criticality. Worldwide, local stakeholders and experts rated impacts of global climate change as most critical. In attempts to achieve ecosystem‐based sustainable development, most management teams strive for more risk‐robust and adaptive strategies by advocating for active risk management. A common factor identified among all case studies was the need for cooperative management between smaller conservation sites in order to address large‐scale challenges.
Earthquake‐induced loss assessment of steel frame buildings with special moment frames designed in highly seismic regions
Authors: Hwang Seong‐Hoon , Lignos Dimitrios G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper discusses an analytical study that quantifies the expected earthquake‐induced losses in typical office steel frame buildings designed with perimeter special moment frames in highly seismic regions. It is shown that for seismic events associated with low probabilities of occurrence, losses due to demolition and collapse may be significantly overestimated when the expected loss computations are based on analytical models that ignore the composite beam effects and the interior gravity framing system of a steel frame building. For frequently occurring seismic events building losses are dominated by non‐structural content repairs. In this case, the choice of the analytical model representation of the steel frame building becomes less important. Losses due to demolition and collapse in steel frame buildings with special moment frames designed with strong‐column/weak‐beam ratio larger than 2.0 are reduced by a factor of two compared with those in the same frames designed with a strong‐column/weak‐beam ratio larger than 1.0 as recommended in ANSI/AISC‐341‐10. The expected annual losses (EALs) of steel frame buildings with SMFs vary from 0.38% to 0.74% over the building life expectancy. The EALs are dominated by repairs of acceleration‐sensitive non‐structural content followed by repairs of drift‐sensitive non‐structural components. It is found that the effect of strong‐column/weak‐beam ratio on EALs is negligible. This is not the case when the present value of life‐cycle costs is selected as a loss‐metric. It is advisable to employ a combination of loss‐metrics to assess the earthquake‐induced losses in steel frame buildings with special moment frames depending on the seismic performance level of interest. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phototoxic potential of undispersed and dispersed fresh and weathered Macondo crude oils to Gulf of Mexico Marine Organisms
Authors: Finch Bryson E. , Marzooghi Solmaz , Di Toro Dominic M. , Stubblefield William A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Crude oils contain a mixture of hydrocarbons, including phototoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have the ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Absorption of UV light by PAHs can substantially increase their toxicity to marine organisms. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential for phototoxicity of fresh and naturally weathered Macondo crude oils alone and in combination with the dispersant Corexit 9500 to mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia), inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis). Acute toxicity tests were conducted using combinations of natural or artificial sunlight and low-energy water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fresh and weathered Macondo crude oils collected from the Gulf of Mexico. Studies were also conducted to compare the phototoxicity resulting from natural and artificial sunlight. Fresh Macondo crude oil was more phototoxic than weathered crude oils, both in the presence and in the absence of UV light. Differences in toxicity between fresh and weathered crude oils were likely attributed to lighter-ringed PAHs in fresh crude oils. Phototoxic PAHs were relatively resistant to weathering compared with lighter-ringed PAHs. The addition of Corexit 9500 to crude oil increased toxicity compared with tests with crude oil alone, by increasing phototoxic PAH concentrations in WAFs. Macondo crude oils had the potential to be phototoxic to Gulf of Mexico marine organisms if specific light conditions and PAH concentrations were present during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2640–2650. © 2017 SETAC
Power allocation and cooperative jamming for enhancing physical layer security in opportunistic relay networks in the presence of interference
Authors: Abd El‐Malek Ahmed H. , Salhab Anas M. , Zummo Salam A. , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of cochannel interference on the secrecy performance of dual‐hop decode‐and‐forward relaying is investigated. In particular, the outage and intercept probabilities are obtained for the opportunistic relay selection (ORS) model in the presence of nonidentical interfering signals under a single/multiple passive eavesdropper(s) attack. Moreover, the proposed work enhances physical layer security performance of ORS model using cooperative jamming (CJ) techniques. Therefore, new closed‐form expressions are derived for the intercept and outage probabilities of the CJ‐ORS model in the presence of interference over Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover, the analyses are generalized to the case of multiple eavesdroppers where closed‐form expressions are derived for the intercept probability. To reveal more insights on the proposed work secrecy performance, asymptotic closed‐form expressions for the intercept and outage probabilities are obtained. Using these asymptotic expressions, a power allocation optimization problem is formulated and solved for enhancing the system security. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical and simulation results to clarify the main contributions of the paper. The results show that, although the cochannel interference increases the system outage probability, it might improve the system secrecy performance. Moreover, the proposed CJ‐ORS model is shown to enhance the system secrecy performance compared to ORS model.
Age‐specific function of α5β1 integrin in microglial migration during early colonization of the developing mouse cortex
Authors: Smolders Sophie Marie‐Thérèse , Swinnen Nina , Kessels Sofie , Arnauts Kaline , Smolders Silke , Le Bras Barbara , Rigo Jean‐Michel , Legendre Pascal , Brône Bert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicroglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, take part in brain development and homeostasis. They derive from primitive myeloid progenitors that originate in the yolk sac and colonize the brain mainly through intensive migration. During development, microglial migration speed declines which suggests that their interaction with the microenvironment changes. However, the matrix–cell interactions allowing dispersion within the parenchyma are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to better characterize the migration behavior and to assess the role of matrix–integrin interactions during microglial migration in the embryonic brain ex vivo. We focused on microglia–fibronectin interactions mediated through the fibronectin receptor α5β1 integrin because in vitro work indirectly suggested a role for this ligand–receptor pair. Using 2‐photon time‐lapse microscopy on acute ex vivo embryonic brain slices, we found that migration occurs in a saltatory pattern and is developmentally regulated. Most importantly, there is an age‐specific function of the α5β1 integrin during microglial cortex colonization. At embryonic day (E) 13.5, α5β1 facilitates migration while from E15.5, it inhibits migration. These results indicate a developmentally regulated function of α5β1 integrin in microglial migration during colonization of the embryonic brain.
Treatment of tumor in lymph nodes using near‐infrared laser light‐activated thermosensitive liposome‐encapsulated doxorubicin and gold nanorods
Authors: Matsuki Daisuke , Adewale Oladipo , Horie Sachiko , Okajima Junnosuke , Komiya Atsuki , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi , Maruyama Shigenao , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTumor metastasis to lymph nodes is an important contributory factor for cancer‐related deaths despite recent developments in cancer therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor in the proper axillary lymph node (PALN) of the mouse can be treated by the application of external laser light to trigger the unloading of doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) administered together with gold nanorods (GNRs). GNRs + DOX‐TSLs were injected into a mouse lymph node containing cancer cells (malignant fibrous histiocytoma‐like cells) and intranodal DOX release was activated using near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The temperature changes arising from the laser‐irradiated GNRs triggered the release of DOX from the TSLs. A greater degree of inhibition of tumor growth was found in the co‐therapy group compared to the other groups. The treatment effect was achieved by a combination of chemotherapy and NIR‐activated hyperthermia. In vivo bioluminescence imaging and histological analysis confirmed tumor necrosis in response to combined treatment. This work presents a theranostic approach with excellent treatment results that has the potential to be developed into an alternative to surgery for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
IR‐spectroscopy of skin in vivo: Optimal skin sites and properties for non‐invasive glucose measurement by photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Hertzberg Otto , Küderle Arne , Strobel Dominik , Pleitez Miguel A. , Mäntele Werner 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have reported two methods to analyze glucose in the interstitial fluid of skin based on mid‐infrared excitation with a tunable quantum cascade laser and photoacoustic or photothermal detection. These methods were evaluated for optimum skin locations to obtain reproducible glucose information. The lower part of the arm, the hypothenar, the tips of the index finger and the thumb were tested. The thumb appears to be the optimal skin location, followed by the index finger. Basic requirements for an optimum site are good capillary blood perfusion, low Stratum corneum thickness and the absence of fat layers. To obtain a correlation on such a site, spectra were recorded on volunteers continuously after blood glucose manipulation. However, continuous measurements on an in vivo sample such as the skin have to cope with physiological alterations such as the formation of sweat. We have used both detection schemes to investigate the acid mantle reformation after washing during time scales similar to continuous measurements for calibration spectra. We found that reconstitution of the acid mantle of skin may be seen in less than one hour. Precleaning of the measurement site may thus be useful for intermittent, but not for long term continuous measurements.magnified image
Collagen barrier membranes do not adsorb hypoxia mimetic activity‐Activity of gingival fibroblasts cultured directly on collagen barrier membranes loaded with hypoxia mimetic agents
Authors: Al‐Habbal Diana , Janjić Klara , Edelmayer Michael , Moritz Andreas , Agis Hermann 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHypoxia‐based strategies for applications in oral surgery and periodontology have been proposed where collagen barrier membranes (CBM) are loaded with hypoxia mimetic agents (HMA) to induce a pro‐angiogenic response. While it was found that CBM release HMA, it remained unclear if CBM adsorb HMA activity. Here we evaluated the response of oral cells cultured on CBM, supplemented with the HMA dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), desferrioxamine (DFO), and l‐mimosine (l‐MIM). Gingival fibroblasts (GF) were cultured on unwashed CBM as well as on CBM that had been washed with serum‐free medium for 48 hours. The pro‐angiogenic response was measured based on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Viability and proliferation were assessed based on MTT and BrdU assays. We found that GF seeded onto CBM loaded with DFO and l‐MIM, but not DMOG, showed an increase in VEGF to 6.1‐fold and 7.7‐fold compared to unloaded CBM, respectively. Cells remained vital, but a trend for decreased proliferation was observed on DMOG and DFO‐loaded CBM which did not reach the level of significance. Evaluation of washed CBM revealed no difference between the unloaded CBM and CBM supplemented with DMOG, DFO, or l‐MIM. In conclusion, our results suggest that CBM do not adsorb hypoxia mimetic activity but release HMA within the first hours. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 874–879, 2018.
A Concise [3 + 3] Heteroaromatization Synthetic Strategy Afford Dicarboxamide Functionalized Novel Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]Pyrimidines
Authors: Patel Anilkumar S. , Kapuriya Naval P. , Naliapara Yogesh T. 
Published: April 2017

A concise and effective approach to dicarboxamide functionalized novel pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine has been developed. The method involves [3 + 3] hetroaromatization of oxoketene dithioacetals (16a–x) with 5‐amino‐N‐cyclohexyl‐3‐(methylthio)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide (12) in the presence of K2CO3. This method has advantages of excellent yields, operational simplicity, and avoidance of hazardous base like piperidine.
2‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenylimino)‐5‐((3‐(p‐substitutedphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene)thiazolidin‐4‐one as an Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antimycobacterial Agent
Authors: Brahmbhatt Harshad , Bhatt Anjani K. , Das Arun K. , Paul Parimal , Sharma Sangita 
Published: April 2017

2‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenylimino)‐5‐((3‐(p‐substitutedphenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene) thiazolidin‐4‐one has been selected as a target bio‐active molecules. Newly synthesized compounds were screened with Eschericha coli (MTCC 443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 442) for antibacterial, Candida albicans (MTCC 227), Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282), Aspergillus clavatus (MTCC 1323) for antifungal activity and H37Rv for antimycobacterial activity. Compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3h are potentially active against Staphylococcus aureus, while 3h is active against C. albicans. Compounds 3d and 3f are active against H37Rv for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other possesses moderate to good activity. The structures of synthesized compounds were firmly established by well‐defined elemental analyses (C, H, N, S/O) and spectral analysis technique likes, IR, 1H NMR and GC–MS.
Noninvasive imaging of c(RGD)2‐9R as a potential delivery carrier for transfection of siRNA in malignant tumors
Authors: Chen Xue Qi , Liu Meng , Wang Rong Fu , Yan Ping , Zhang Chun Li , Ma Chao , Zhao Qian , Yin Lei , Zhao Guang Yu , Guo Feng Qin 
Published: April 2017

The purpose of our study was to develop and evaluate a novel integrin αvβ3‐specific delivery carrier for transfection of siRNA in malignant tumors. We adopted arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD) motif as a tissue target for specific recognition of integrin ανβ3. A chimaeric peptide was synthesized by adding nonamer arginine residues (9‐arginine [9R]) at the carboxy terminus of cyclic‐RGD dimer, designated as c(RGD)2‐9R, to enable small interfering RNA (siRNA) binding. To test the applicability of the delivery carrier in vivo, c(RGD)2‐9R was labeled with radionuclide of technetium‐99m. Biodistribution and γ‐camera imaging studies were performed in HepG2 xenograft‐bearing nude mice. As results, an optimal 10:1 molar ratio of 99mTc‐c(RGD)2‐9R to siRNA was indicated by the electrophoresis on agarose gels. 99mTc‐c(RGD)2‐9R/siRNA remained stable under a set of conditions in vitro. For in vivo study, tumor radioactivity uptake of 99mTc‐c(RGD)2‐9R/siRNA in nude mice bearing HepG2 xenografts was significantly higher than that of control probe (P < .05). The xenografts were clearly visualized at 4 hours till 6 hours noninvasively after intravenous injection of 99mTc‐c(RGD)2‐9R/siRNA, while the xenografts were not visualized at any time after injection of control probe. It was concluded that c(RGD)2‐9R could be an effective siRNA delivery carrier. Technetium‐99m radiolabeled‐delivery carrier represents a potential imaging strategy for RNAi‐based therapy.
A novel quadratic polynomial expansion of nonlinear scattering function for RF power amplifier modeling
Authors: Zheng Zong‐Hua , Sun Ling‐Ling , Liu Jun , Zhang Shengzhou , Su Jiangtao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe design of high‐performance radio frequency power amplifiers requires accurate and simple characterization of power transistors. Behavioral modeling technique provides an efficient and convenient way to tackle this issue. This study presents a novel behavioral model, which is based on quadratic polynomial expansion of nonlinear scattering function with high‐order components included. This method was implemented in Computer Aided Design (CAD) program with the help of the frequency‐domain defined device component. The comparisons of the output voltage are presented and discussed under different load impedance and input power on a practical circuit operating at 20 GHz, and the results show that the model is capable of accurately characterizing the strong nonlinear behavior the device expressed while the fundamental and harmonic frequency load impedance located anywhere inside the Smith Chart.
Formation of oxysterols during thermal processing and frozen storage of cooked minced meat
Authors: Sabolová Monika , Pohořelá Barbora , Fišnar Jakub , Kouřimská Lenka , Chrpová Diana , Pánek Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCholesterol is susceptible to oxidation and the formation of oxysterols, which could have a negative health effect. The formation and distribution of oxysterols was investigated in meatloaves prepared under different baking regimes with an increased temperature or prolonged time. The effect of frozen storage and marjoram addition on the level of oxysterols was also investigated.RESULTSThe effect of baking regime on the content and distribution of oxysterols was determined. Temperature was the most important factor affecting 7‐ketocholesterol formation in baked meatloaf. Its content was significantly higher after baking at 250 °C compared to at 180 °C. The content of 7‐ketocholesterol increased from the centre (87 µg kg−1) to the surface (122 µg kg−1) of baked meatloaves prepared under standard conditions. The level of α‐tocopherol and its distribution was also affected by the baking regime. A higher level of 7‐ketocholesterol was found in baked meatloaves after their frozen storage. The addition of marjoram did not change this level.CONCLUSIONInadequate culinary conditions used for preparation of baked meat can contribute to an increased oxysterol intake in the diet. Frozen storage did not stop oxysterol formation. The inhibition effect of marjoram on sterols oxidation was not confirmed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: A survival analysis of 159 cases from the SEER database (2001‐2011)
Authors: Strotman Patrick K. , Reif Taylor J. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Sandhu Jasmin K. , Nystrom Lukas M. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesDedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare malignancy with reported 5‐year overall survival rates ranging from 7% to 24%. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the overall survival of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in a modern patient series and how it is impacted by patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgical treatment factors.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2001 to 2011. Kaplan Meier analyses were used for overall and disease‐specific survival. Univariable and multivariable cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsFive year overall‐ and disease‐specific survival was 18% (95% CI: 12‐26%) and 28% (95% CI: 18‐37%), respectively. Individuals with extremity tumors had a worse prognosis than individuals with a primary tumor in the chest wall or axial skeleton (HR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.56; P = 0.002 and HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36‐0.99; P = 0.04, respectively). Patients with AJCC stage III or IV disease (HR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.50‐4.20; P = 0.001), tumors larger than 8 cm (HR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.11‐4.27; P = 0.046), metastatic disease at diagnosis (HR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.98‐5.33; P < 0.001), and those treated without surgical resection (amputation: HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23‐0.80; P = 0.01; limb salvage/non‐amputation resection: HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24‐0.69; P = 0.001) had a significant increase in risk of mortality.ConclusionsThe overall prognosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is poor with a 5‐year overall survival of 18%. Patients with a primary tumor located in the chest wall had a better prognosis. Tumors larger than 8 cm, presence of metastases at diagnosis, and treatment without surgical resection were significant predictors of mortality.