bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollinator response to yellow UV‐patterned versus white UV‐patternless flower dimorphism in Anemone palmata
Authors: Rodríguez‐Castañeda N. L. , Buide M. L. , Arista M. , Narbona E. , Ortiz P. L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Flower colour polymorphisms are uncommon but widespread among angiosperms and can be maintained by a variety of balancing selection mechanisms. Anemone palmata is mostly yellow‐flowered, but white‐flowered plants coexist in some populations.
We analysed the distribution of colour morphs of A. palmata across its range. We also characterised their colours and compared their vegetative and sexual reproductive traits, pollinator attention and fitness.
The range of A. palmata is limited to the Western Mediterranean, while white‐flowered plants are restricted to Portugal and SW Spain, where they occur at low proportions. Yellow flowers have a characteristic UV pattern, with a UV‐absorbing centre and UV‐reflecting periphery, which is absent in the white morph. Colour features of both morphs were highly delineated, making it easy for pollinators to distinguish them. Both morphs were protogynous, with the same duration of sexual stages, and the main floral traits related to pollinator attraction, apart from flower colour, were similar. Hymenoptera and Diptera were the main pollinators, showing preference for the yellow morph, clear partitioning of pollinator groups between the two colour morphs and a marked constancy to flower colour during foraging. Both morphs combined clonal propagation with sexual reproduction, but sexual reproductive potential was lower in white‐flowered plants. Finally, female fitness was higher in the yellow morph.
Pollinator partitioning and colour constancy could maintain this polymorphism, despite the lower visitation rate and fitness of white‐flowered plants, which could facilitate their clonal propagation.
Intricate microbe‐plant‐metabolic remodeling mediated by intercropping enhances the quality of Panax quinquefolius L
Authors: Duan Wanying , Chen Xiaoli , Ding Yu , Mao Xinying , Song Zhengjian , Bao Jie , Fang Lei , Guo Lanping , Zhou Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImproving the cultivation mode and technology for traditional Chinese medicine has become important for its sustainable development. Monoculture enhances plant diseases, which decreases yield and quality. Intercropping is an effective measure to counterbalance that negative effect. In this study, we focused on Panax quinquefolium L. (ginseng) and four treatments were set up: the control without intercropping, P. quinquefolius + ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), P. quinquefolius + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and P. quinquefolius + ryegrass + red clover. An LC–MS/MS system was used to detect the changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites, and high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the changes in the P. quinquefolius' rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Ginsenoside content, soil enzyme activities, and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate of P. quinquefolius were also measured using HPLC, ELISA kits, and microscopy, respectively. Co‐intertia and Pearson's analysis were performed to explore the relationship between the metabolites and the P. quinquefolius microorganisms. Intercropping significantly increased the content of ginsenoside metabolites and recruited a large number of beneficial bacteria to the P. quinquefolius rhizosphere. The P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites were associated with the rhizosphere microbial community. For example, the dominant microorganisms, such as Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi, played a key role in promoting the synthesis of ginsenoside Rd and (20R) ginsenoside Rg3 by P. quinquefolius. Intercropping led to changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites by driving and reshaping the rhizosphere microorganisms. These findings revealed the potential application of intercropping for improving the quality of P. quinquefolius.
Recognition of a cryptic maximum flooding surface in shallow marine carbonate sequences using geochemical (Y/Ho) proxy data
Authors: Sreenivasan Sruthi P. , Bera Melinda Kumar , Samanta Arpita 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSince diagnostic primary depositional sedimentary structures and depth‐dependent grain‐size trends are rarely preserved, building a comprehensive sequence stratigraphic framework for the vast majority of the Phanerozoic carbonate platform sequences is pending. Among the two most important sequence stratigraphic surfaces, while the subaerial unconformity can be reliably identified by either karst development or the appearance of siliciclastic materials, the demarcation of the maximum flooding surface remains difficult in lithologically uniform shallow marine carbonate sequences. The present study attempts to identify the globally documented maximum flooding surface within the body of the negative carbon isotope excursion of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum recorded in the shallow marine carbonate platform sequences. The results show that, along with the carbonate microfacies, the yttrium to holmium ratio (Y/Ho ratio) of the carbonate fraction reliably records the sea‐level changes. A Y/Ho ratio between 70 and 80 demarcates the stratigraphic position of the maximum sea‐level state (the most open marine condition in the studied interval) and maximum flooding surface in the studied sections. Since the Y/Ho ratios remain relatively stable throughout diagenesis, they can be used for maximum flooding surface identification in shallow marine carbonate platform sequences. The possibility exists that the same method can also be applied to the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate systems.
Effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived mitochondrial transplantation on ischemia‐reperfusion injury in a rat model
Authors: Lee Chan Yeong , Khan Galina , Hyun Dong Yun , Kim Sang Hun , Park Eun Soo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite advancements in reconstructive procedures, ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery, with mitochondrial dysfunction playing a pivotal role. Mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to address this issue. This study aims to evaluate the impact of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived mitochondrial transplantation on skin flap I/R models in rats.Material and methodsTwenty male rats underwent I/R injury on skin flaps, with or without mitochondrial transplantation administered via intravenous or subcutaneous routes. Analysis encompassed histopathology, inflammatory, apoptotic, oxidative stress, and hypoxia markers.ResultsResults revealed a reduction in inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and hypoxia in the transplantation group compared to controls.ConclusionThe findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived mitochondrial transplantation shows promise in enhancing flap viability and attenuating I/R injury, offering valuable insights for improved outcomes in reconstructive surgery. However, further exploration in larger animal models and refinement of delivery methods and dosage are warranted to fully elucidate its clinical translatability.
The diagnostic value and associated molecular mechanism study for fibroblast‐related mitochondrial genes on keloid
Authors: Wei Ting , Xu Zuojiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to reveal the mechanism of fibroblast‐related mitochondrial genes on keloid formation and explore promising signature genes for keloid diagnosis.MethodThe distribution of fibroblasts between the keloid sample and control sample based on three keloid datasets, followed by the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) investigation and associated enrichment analysis. Then, hub genes were explored based on DEGs, mitochondrial genes from an online database, as well as fibroblast‐related genes that were revealed by WCGNA. Subsequently, signature genes were screened through machine learning, and their diagnostic value was validated by nomogram. Moreover, the targeted drugs and related transcriptional regulation of these genes were analyzed. Finally, the verification analysis was performed on signature genes using qPCR analysis.ResultA total of totally 329 DEGs were revealed based on three datasets, followed by enrichment analysis. WGCNA revealed a total of 258 fibroblast‐related genes, which were primarily assembled in functions like muscle tissue development. By using machine learning, we screened four signature genes (ACSF2, ALDH1B1, OCIAD2, and SIRT4) based on eight hub genes (fibroblast‐related mitochondrial genes). Nomogram and validation analyses confirmed the well‐diagnostic performance of these four genes in keloid. Immune infiltration and drug correlation analyses showed that SIRT4 was significantly associated with immune cell type 2 T helper cells and molecular drug cyclosporin. All these findings provided new perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of keloid.ConclusionThe fibroblast‐related mitochondrial genes including SIRT4, OCIAD2, ALDH1B1, and ACSF2 were novel signature genes for keloid diagnosis, offering novel targets and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of keloid.
Evaluation of hair surface structure and morphology of patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP) by atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Authors: Krawczyk‐Wołoszyn Karolina , Żychowska Magdalena , Reich Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLichen planopilaris (LPP) is a chronic lymphocytic skin disease manifested by progressive scarring alopecia. The diagnosis of LPP is made based on histopathological examination, although it is not always definite. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of non‐invasive atomic force microscopy (AFM) hair examination in detecting morphological differences between healthy and diseased hair.Materials and methodsHere, three to five hairs from lesional skin of 10 LPP patients were collected and examined at nine locations using AFM. At least four images were taken at each of the nine sites. Metric measurements were taken and metric (length, width, and scale step height) and morphological features (striated and smooth surface of scales, the presence of endocuticle and cortex, shape of scales edges, scratches, pitting, cracks, globules, and wavy edge) were compared with hair from healthy controls. In addition, areas on diseased hair where the process of pathological, unnatural delamination of the hair fiber occurs are described.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the number of scratches in the initial sections of the LPP hair, in the intensity of wavy edges along the entire length of the tested hair, and in the number of scales with pitting in the middle section of the hair. In addition, a statistically significant higher number of scales with striated surface was found in LPP group starting at 3.5 cm from the root continuing towards the free end of the hair. Other morphological changes such as presence of cortex, globules, oval indentations, and rod‐like macrofibrillar elements were also assessed, however, detailed results are not presented, as the differences shown in the number of these morphological changes were not significantly different.ConclusionThis publication outlines the differences between virgin, healthy Caucasian hair, and the hair of LPP patients. The results of this study can be used for further research and work related to LPP. This is the first attempt to characterize the hair of LPP patients using AFM.
Targeted precision cryotherapy for acne vulgaris
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Kim Ka Ram , Kim Hyun Jung , Seok Joon , Park Kui Young 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris poses a significant dermatological challenge, necessitating alternative treatments due to limitations and side effects associated with current therapies. This pilot clinical trial investigated the feasibility and efficacy of precision cryotherapy for acne vulgaris.MethodsA total of 20 volunteers underwent targeted precision cryotherapy using a carbon dioxide‐based device. Treatment outcomes were assessed using various parameters, including Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score, acne lesion count, erythema index (EI), global evaluation score, and participant satisfaction. Safety monitoring included adverse event reporting and physical examination.ResultsPrecision cryotherapy demonstrated a significant reduction (90.25%) in the acne lesion count by week 4, with clinical improvement indicated by IGA score reduction (p < 0.001). The EI showed notable improvements at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The global evaluation score demonstrated a 75%–100% clinical improvement at Visit 4. Participants reported high satisfaction (6.75 ± 0.79) with the procedure. No adverse event or discomfort was reported.ConclusionPrecision cryotherapy effectively improved acne lesions, which was safe and satisfactory for participants. These findings suggest its potential as an alternative therapeutic modality, especially for populations with limited treatment options. Further research is needed to validate the results and explore underlying mechanisms.
Auranofin Suppresses the Growth of Canine Mammary Tumour Cells and Induces Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Lin Zhaoyan , Chen Rong , Wang Jiao , Zheng Yu , He Zixuan , Yan Ye , Zhang Linxi , Huang Xiaohong , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCanine mammary gland tumour (CMT) is the most common spontaneous tumour in intact female dogs and often exhibits metastases. Auranofin (AF) is a gold complex used for treating rheumatism. The excellent anti‐tumour ability of AF has been demonstrated in various types of human and canine tumours. In this study, five CMT cell lines (CIPp, CMT‐7364, CHMp, CIPm and CTBp) and three CMT primary cells (G7894, L1883 and L6783) were used to explore the anti‐tumour effect of AF on CMT. Two CMT cell lines (CIPp and CMT‐7364) were used to search the underlying mechanism of the effect of AF on CMT. The results showed that AF inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and colony formation abilities of CMT cells. Additionally, the growth of CMT in a 3D cell culture model was effectively suppressed by AF. Furthermore, AF induced cell apoptosis of CMT cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, AF effectively induces CMT apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating that AF should be explored as a potential CMT treatment in future studies.
A Parametric Study on NOx Emissions From Ammonia Containing Product Gas in Rich–Quench–Lean Combustion
Authors: Raslan Ahmed , Yang Silin , Durocher Antoine , Güthe Felix , Bergthorson Jeff 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to climate change, there has been an increasing demand for fuels that can accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels to clean energy. Humidified product gas obtained from gasifying biomass is emerging as a promising candidate to replace natural gas, as it is composed of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, steam, carbon monoxide, and methane. However, the gasification process releases ammonia and other nitrogen bearing compounds into the product gas, resulting in substantial increases in nitric oxides, NOx, in the exhaust. As such, there has been a recent push to understand the underlying chemical kinetics that drive NOx formation in order to optimize gas turbines to mitigate emissions at the source. In this study, a simplified chemical reactor network (CRN) model for a gas turbine rich–quench–lean (RQL) combustor was developed in cantera. The following parameters were investigated in this study: equivalence ratio of the primary section, overall equivalence ratio, steam dilution, postflame residence time, and recirculation from the postquench region to the primary section. Additionally, a benchmark CRN representing a lean burner (LB) is also developed. Results of the CRN model suggest that, when comparing to LB, a RQL type combustor delivers up to a 75% reduction in emissions. Additionally, it was found that, for both the LB and RQL combustors, an overall lean to stoichiometric equivalence ratio is well suited to reduce emissions in highly humidified fuels, while for moderately humidified fuels it is preferable to operate in an overall slightly rich equivalence ratio. The difference observed is mainly due to the fact that, at high humidification and lean conditions, the temperature is favorable for the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen, while, at moderate humidification and rich conditions, NO reacts with ammonia in the reburn process. Finally, it is suggested that the incorporation of recirculation from the secondary section to the primary section of the RQL burner results in a broader low emission region, due to more favorable conditions for ammonia conversion to nitrogen in the primary section.
Network Analysis of Two-Stage Customer Decisions with Preference-Guided Market Segmentation
Authors: Cui Yaxin , Sun Zhuoxin , Xiao Yinshuang , Sha Zhenghui , Koskinen Johan , Contractor Noshir , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Network-based analyses have shown their effectiveness in understanding customer preferences through interactions and relationships between customers and products, particularly for tailored product design. There is limited research on applying this analysis to diverse customers with varied preferences. This paper introduces a market-segmented network modeling approach, guided by customer preference, to explore heterogeneity in customers' two-stage decision-making process: consideration-then-choice. In heterogeneous markets, like household appliances, even customers with similar characteristics or purchasing similar products can exhibit different decision-making processes. Therefore, In this method, we segment customers into groups based on preferences rather than just characteristics, allowing for more accurate choice modeling. Using Joint Correspondence Analysis, we identify associations between customer attributes and preferred products, characterizing market segments through clustering. We then build individual bipartite customer-product networks and apply the Exponential Random Graph Model to compare the product features influencing customer considerations and choices in various market segments. Using a US household vacuum cleaner survey, our method detected different customer preferences for the same product attribute at different decision-making stages. The market-segmentation model outperforms the non-segmented benchmark in prediction, highlighting its accuracy in predicting varied customer behaviors. This study underscores the vital role of preference-guided segmentation in product design, illustrating how a deeper understanding of customer preferences at different decision stages can inform and refine design strategies, ensuring products are more closely aligned with the dynamic needs and tastes of diverse markets.
Gait Generation of a 10-Degree-of-Freedom Humanoid Robot on Deformable Terrain Based on Spherical Inverted Pendulum Model
Authors: Gora Sunil , Gupta Shakti S. , Dutta Ashish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gait generation of a humanoid robot on a deformable terrain is a complex problem as the foot and terrain interaction and terrain deformation have to be included in the dynamics. To simplify the dynamics of walk on deformable terrain, we used a spherical inverted pendulum (SIP) to represent the single support phase, in which the effect of terrain deformation is represented by a spring and damper contact model. The impact model for leg transition is derived from angular momentum conservation. In order to minimize the energy loss due to impact, the double support phase is modeled as a suspended pendulum. Based on the motion of the SIP model, the hip and leg trajectories of a 10-degree-of-freedom (DOF) humanoid robot are generated. The joint trajectories of the robot are obtained from inverse kinematics. The motion of the center of mass is analyzed by inverse dynamics of a floating-base robot. The proposed gait generation method has been experimentally validated using a Kondo KHR-3HV humanoid robot on deformable terrain. The results show that the humanoid can effectively track the trajectories of the SIP model.
Achieving Advocacy Success—The International Society for Physical Activity and Health’s Long-Term Strategy to Advance Physical Activity as a Priority in Global Health Policy
Authors: Shilton Trevor , Milton Karen 
Published: September 2024

Background: In 2011, physical inactivity was described as the Cinderella risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. This metaphor was used to highlight the disjunct between the advancing evidence on physical inactivity as a risk factor for ill health, its high prevalence, and the paucity of global policy response or priority afforded to physical activity. This paper describes the strategic actions of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH) to raise the profile of physical activity as a global public health priority. Methods: From 2008, ISPAH coordinated a long-term advocacy strategy to advance the status of physical activity and promote its presence as a priority within global health policy. The society employed an advocacy mix that reflected contemporary advocacy theory and models. Results: Through 6 advocacy deliverables, aligned to the global calendar of United Nations and World Health Organization policy developments, ISPAH seized the opportunity to advance physical activity policy and strategies to inform global noncommunicable disease action planning and align with the Sustainable Development Goals. ISPAH’s successful execution of global advocacy for physical activity highlights the importance of leadership, clear objectives, progressive action, timeliness, partnerships, and persistence. Conclusion: As a result of strategic global advocacy since 2008, the field in 2024 is better positioned in relation to global professional mobilization, policy, and technical support for physical activity. However, despite impressive progress across more than 12 years, and the innovation of the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity, the work of global advocacy for physical activity is far from complete.
Glucokinase activators and imeglimin: new weaponry in the armamentarium against type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sjöholm Åke 
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing relentlessly all over the world, in parallel with a similar increase in obesity, and is striking ever younger patients. Only a minority of patients with T2D attain glycemic targets, indicating a clear need for novel antidiabetic drugs that not only control glycemia but also halt or slow the progressive loss of β-cells. Two entirely novel classes of antidiabetic agents—glucokinase activators and imeglimin—have recently been approved and will be the subject of this review.
Allosteric activators of glucokinase, an enzyme stimulating insulin secretion in β-cells and suppressing hepatic glucose production, are oral low-molecular-weight drugs. One of these, dorzagliatin, is approved in China for use in adult patients with T2D, either as monotherapy or as an add-on to metformin. It remains to be seen whether the drug will produce sustained antidiabetic effects over many years and whether the side effects that led to the discontinuation of early drug candidates will limit the usefulness of dorzagliatin.
Imeglimin—which shares structural similarities with metformin—targets mitochondrial dysfunction and was approved in Japan against T2D. In preclinical studies, the drug has also shown promising β-cell protective and preservative effects that may translate into disease-modifying effects.
Hopefully, these two newcomers will contribute to filling the great medical need for new treatment modalities, preferably with disease-modifying potential. It remains to be seen where they will fit in contemporary treatment algorithms, which combinations of drugs are effective and which should be avoided. Time will tell to what extent these new antidiabetic agents will add value to the current treatment options against T2D in terms of sustained antidiabetic effect, acceptable safety, utility in combination therapy, and impact on hard end-points such as cardiovascular disease.