bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrogating returnee entrepreneurship in the Nigerian context
Authors: Ojo Sanya 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study aims to intend to appraise the characteristics of returnee entrepreneurship and its contributions to development in form of transfer of knowledge and skills in the Nigerian context.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach complemented with situational observations was used. The lived experiences of two returnees were interrogated in semi-structured interviews for an in-depth analysis.

Findings
Findings illustrate the dilemmas and challenges returnee entrepreneurs from the developed host countries confronted in their entrepreneurial endeavors in the homeland.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the misconceptions around relocation of immigrants’ business people back to their homeland. It contributes to the growing literature on the social and economic impacts of returnee entrepreneurs (as opposed to diaspora and transnational entrepreneurs) to their homelands’ development.
Analyzing the topography of financial regulation
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the topography of financial regulation, supervisory styles and performance of banking systems across the world.Design/methodology/approachThe author gains insights by comparing regulatory and supervisory practices and their impact on banking system performance before and after the global crisis. The study illustrates the differences in regulation/supervision among crisis, non-crisis and BRICS countries. Even as capital ratios increased, bank governance and supervision regimes were strengthened, the private sector incentives to monitor banks deteriorated.FindingsThe results show that the crisis-countries had weaker regulatory and supervisory frameworks than those in emerging countries during the crisis period. BRICS countries as a distinct block have demonstrated uniqueness in their regulatory/supervisory styles that are similar neither to those in the crisis-countries nor to those in the non-crisis countries.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in its unique approach to assessing the bank regulation and supervision styles around the world and their impact on banking system profitability, as it uses a robust database. Further, this study provides not only a general assessment but also a comparative analysis of the BRICS and emerging economies. Regulatory agencies around the world would greatly benefit from systematic evidence on the relationship between bank performance and regulatory/supervisory systems.
Exchange rate misalignment and economic growth in India
Authors: Akram Vaseem , Rath Badri Narayan 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the impact of exchange rate misalignment on economic growth in India using annual data from 1980 to 2014.Design/methodology/approachFirst, misalignment is measured, which is defined as the deviations of the actual real exchange rate (RER) from its equilibrium level. The equilibrium real exchange rate (ERER) is estimated using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model by considering key macroeconomic fundamentals of the determinants of RER. Zivot and Andrews’ unit root with structural break is used to test the stationarity property of data. The impact of exchange rate misalignment on economic growth has been examined using ARDL and variance decomposition techniques.FindingsOur results find an overvaluation of the exchange rate till 2000, and thereafter, an undervaluation of the exchange rate prevails in India. Further, the result indicates that an increase in exchange rate misalignment leads to a decrease in economic growth and vice versa. Moreover, a positive misalignment (overvaluation) hurts the economic growth and a negative misalignment (undervaluation) promotes the economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsFrom the policy perspective, the results highlight that India needs to maintain an appropriate exchange rate which can reduce the RER misalignment. It is better for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’s intervention to smoothen the fluctuations of the exchange rate to avoid the inefficiency in the allocation of resources. However, to minimize the RER misalignment, the intervention should be conducted only in the short run.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by estimating the exchange rate misalignment for India and its impact on economic growth.
The effect of leader personality on follower behaviour
Authors: Kahya Mehmet , Şahin Faruk 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of the leader-member exchange (LMX) on the relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours, including task performance, satisfaction with the leader and organisational citizenship behaviour.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a multifaceted perspective to examine the relationships among the research variables, data were collected from 67 leaders and 372 followers. To test the hypotheses, hierarchical linear modelling analyses were conducted.FindingsThe results indicate that leader extraversion is positively related to follower task performance and that leader agreeableness is positively related to follower organisational citizenship behaviour and satisfaction with leaders. Moreover, the results indicate that the quality of the LMX relationship partially mediated the positive relationship between leader extraversion and follower task performance and fully mediated the relationship between leader agreeableness and satisfaction with leader and organisational citizenship behaviour.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study support the mediating role of the LMX relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours. Hence, it is worthwhile to examine the effects of leader personality in an organisational context.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is that it focusses on the integration of leader personality, LMX, and follower attitudes and behaviours in a single study, providing a model that indicates the mediating role of LMX in the relationship between leader personality and follower attitudes and behaviours.
How does the speed of institutional change affect the allocation of entrepreneurship in family firms
Authors: Ma Jun , He Xuan , Zhu Lina , Li Xinchun , Liu Ye 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis paper, from the perspective of based view of dynamic system, aims to take the family enterprise as a sample to articulate how the speed of institutional change affects the entrepreneur’s spirit collocation of family enterprises and investigate the moderating effects of the scale of enterprises as well.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses survey database from Chinese research of private enterprise group in 2010 with the ninth national large-scale private entrepreneurs, and the legal source of data comes from research center for Chinese family firm of Sun Yat-Sen University. A total of 4,900 questionnaires are issued, 4,614 are recovered and the total recovery rate is 94.16 per cent. In this paper, STATA12.0 is used for data processing and basic regression testing. To overcome the possible existence of the different variance problem, the authors use the feasible generalized least squares to estimate the model.FindingsThe speed of institutional change will lead to the reduction of unproductive activities and the increase of productive activities in the area where the speed of institutional change is slow. Meanwhile, the scale of enterprise can reverse the negative relationship between the speed of institutional change and unproductive activities. The speed of institutional change will lead to the reduction of unproductive activities and the increase of productive activities in the area where the speed of institutional change is fast. Meanwhile, the scale of enterprises can reverse the positive relationship between the speed of institutional change and the unproductive activities.Originality/valueIt can be concluded that because of the difference of the regional market, a positive U-type reflects the relationship between the speed of institutional change and the entrepreneur’s allocation of entrepreneurship in family firms, whereas the scale of enterprises plays a key role of nonlinear regulation. This research has a certain theoretical value and practical significance on the understanding of how family firms make strategic decisions in response to institutional change and it can further enrich the research results of entrepreneurship allocation theory and institutional change theory.
Shapeholders: managing them as allies, partners and significant constituents
Authors: Osiyevskyy Oleksiy , Biloshapka Vladyslav 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The authors review the concept of building relationships with Shapeholders,: a broad group of players that have no financial stake in the company yet can substantively influence it. The process for doing this is the subject of a new book by Mark Kennedy, Shapeholders: Business success in the age of social activism.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine Mark Kennedy’s framework for managing the firm’s shapeholders, a model composed of seven basic steps (7A’s): Align with a purpose, Anticipate, Assess, Avert, Acquiesce, Advance common interests, and Assemble to win.

Findings
Managing corporate reputation in alliance with enlightened shapeholders is a potential defense against self-aggrandizing schemes to wantonly maximize shareholder value in the short run.

Practical implications
Managing shapeholders is part of the messy democratic process that works when power is apportioned fairly among those affected by a firm’s decisions, and this process underpins the winning business models of true market leaders.

Social implications
Stakeholders previously discredited as mere “mosquitos” have gained new power, particularly when their legitimate concerns and unfair treatment resonate with the interests of a significant segment of the public and influential shapeholders.

Originality/value
Shapeholders can create enormous opportunities for smart managers capable of effectively engaging with them.
Generation and maintenance of predation hotspots of a functionally important herbivore in a patchy habitat mosaic
Authors: Farina Simone , Oltra Aitana , Boada Jordi , Bartumeus Frederic , Romero Javier , Alcoverro Teresa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

By modifying how critical ecosystem functions are distributed across the landscape, the spatial configuration and characteristics of patches can play a strong role in structuring communities. In strongly predator‐controlled ecosystems, this patchy distribution of function can have complex downstream consequences, subjecting some areas to disproportionately high rates of predation, leaving other areas susceptible to herbivore outbreaks.

In this study, we assess how spatial attributes at patch and landscape scales potentially influence the spatial and temporal distribution of predation on a functionally important herbivore in a patchy Mediterranean marine macrophyte community characterized by strong top‐down control.

We experimentally tracked how predation risk of tethered sea urchins varied across space over a 10‐day period in a patchy seagrass meadow. We related these patterns with patch and landscape‐level attributes across the habitat mosaic.

At the level of the patch, predation risk was the highest in seagrass patches with low canopies, without access to sheltering rocks. Scaling up to the landscape mosaic however, predation risk increased in dense aggregations of patches with high perimeter‐to‐area ratios close to rocky habitats. Predation aggregated in spatially explicit hotspots and coldspots that were maintained through time. Interestingly, this pattern of predation risk correlated well with the natural abundance of sea urchins.

Our results show that spatial patch configuration can be a strong mediator of top trophic functions in marine ecosystems, causing significant clumping in the way predation—and therefore herbivory—are distributed across space. Given the importance of top‐down control for these shallow marine ecosystems, it is crucial to incorporate landscape attributes in understanding the impact of functionally important herbivores on highly fragmented habitats.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Noise suppression for microseismic data by non‐subsampled shearlet transform based on singular value decomposition
Authors: Liang Xiaoqiang , Li Yue , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe existence of strong random noise in surface microseismic data may decrease the utility of these data. Non‐subsampled shearlet transform can effectively suppress noise by properly setting a threshold to the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients. However, when the signal‐to‐noise ratio of data is low, the coefficients related to the noise are very close to the coefficients associated with signals in the non‐subsampled shearlet transform domain that the coefficients related to the noise will be retained and be treated as signals. Therefore, we need to minimise the overlapping coefficients before thresholding. In this paper, a singular value decomposition algorithm is introduced to the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients, and low‐rank approximation reconstructs each non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficient matrix in the singular value decomposition domain. The non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients of signals have bigger singular values than those of the random noise, which implies that the non‐subsampled shearlet transform coefficients can be well estimated by taking only a few largest singular values. Therefore, those properties of singular value decomposition may significantly help minimise overlapping of noise and signals coefficients in the non‐subsampled shearlet transform domain. Finally, the denoised microseismic data are obtained easily by giving a simple threshold to the reconstructed coefficient matrix. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on both synthetic and field microseismic data. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can eliminate random noise and preserve signals of interest more effectively.
Reintroducing endangered raptors: A case study of supplementary feeding and removal of nestlings from wild populations
Authors: Ferrer Miguel , Morandini Virginia , Baguena Gerardo , Newton Ian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Supplementary feeding is a common practice to raise reproductive output in raptors and other species; nevertheless, its application in conservation has only recently been discussed critically. Here, we analyse the effect of supplementary feeding in territorial raptors, taking advantage of two long‐term datasets for the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). In both species, supplementary feeding was used over four years, allowing the extraction of eggs or nestlings for reintroduction programmes.

Both populations increased during the last 20 years. In 2001, only 10 Spanish imperial eagle pairs were found in Sierra Morena, increasing to 91 pairs in 2015 (810% of increase). The Bearded vulture population in Aragon increased from 15 occupied territories in 1988 to 67 in 2012 (347% of increase). Density‐dependent breeding productivity on habitat heterogeneity was established in both populations.

Results of generalized linear mixed model analysis with relative productivity as the dependent variable, species and supplementary feeding as fixed factors, and territory as random factor showed a significant effect of supplementary feeding on relative productivity in both species as well as in the interaction between territory and supplementary feeding. This implied a different response among territories to supplementary feeding. Birds in poor‐quality territories with low productivity levels responded more strongly to supplementary feeding than birds in territories with higher levels of natural productivity.

A reintroduction programme based on supplementary feeding and extraction of nestlings costs eight times less than the same programme based on captive breeding and takes 10 years less.

Synthesis and applications. Supplementary feeding in territorial raptors could be useful (1) in an episodic main prey collapse and (2) in poor‐quality territories in a high‐density population, to produce extra young for reintroduction programmes. For greatest efficiency, supplementary feeding needs to be targeted at poorer territories in which the reproductive rate has the potential to be raised by provision of extra food. The extra young produced can then be used in reintroduction programmes in which chances of recruiting to a breeding population are high.
Nest survival modelling using a multi‐species approach in forests managed for timber and biofuel feedstock
Authors: Loman Zachary G. , Monroe Adrian P. , Riffell Samuel K. , Miller Darren A. , Vilella Francisco J. , Wheat Bradley R. , Rush Scott A. , Martin James A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping is a novel forest management practice for biomass production intended to generate cellulosic feedstocks within intensively managed loblolly pine‐dominated landscapes. These pine plantations are important for early‐successional bird species, as short rotation times continually maintain early‐successional habitat. We tested the efficacy of using community models compared to individual surrogate species models in understanding influences on nest survival. We analysed nest data to test for differences in habitat use for 14 bird species in plots managed for switchgrass intercropping and controls within loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in Mississippi, USA.We adapted hierarchical models using hyper‐parameters to incorporate information from both common and rare species to understand community‐level nest survival. This approach incorporates rare species that are often discarded due to low sample sizes, but can inform community‐level demographic parameter estimates. We illustrate use of this approach in generating both species‐level and community‐wide estimates of daily survival rates for songbird nests. We were able to include rare species with low sample size (minimumn = 5) to inform a hyper‐prior, allowing us to estimate effects of covariates on daily survival at the community level, then compare this with a single‐species approach using surrogate species. Using single‐species models, we were unable to generate estimates below a sample size of 21 nests per species.Community model species‐level survival and parameter estimates were similar to those generated by five single‐species models, with improved precision in community model parameters.Covariates of nest placement indicated that switchgrass at the nest site (<4 m) reduced daily nest survival, although intercropping at the forest stand level increased daily nest survival.Synthesis and applications. Community models represent a viable method for estimating community nest survival rates and effects of covariates while incorporating limited data for rarely detected species. Intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations slightly increased daily nest survival at the research plot scale (0.1 km2), although at a local scale (50 m2) switchgrass negatively influenced nest survival. A likely explanation is intercropping shifted community composition, favouring species with greater disturbance tolerance.
Beyond biomass: Soil feedbacks are transient over plant life stages and alter fitness
Authors: Dudenhöffer Jan‐Hendrik , Ebeling Anne , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Wagg Cameron 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Plants influence associated soil biotic communities that in turn can alter the performance of the subsequently growing plants. Although such “plant–soil feedbacks” (PSFs) are considered as important drivers of plant community assembly, past PSF studies have mainly addressed plant biomass production. However, plant performance is not only the production of biomass but comprises a sequence of different life stages: from seed germination over vegetative growth up to the production of a viable progeny.

Here, we assessed the effects of soil biotic communities that were previously conditioned for 3 years by a focal plant species monoculture or species mixtures on key plant life stages from germination and vegetative growth to flowering and the production of viable seeds. We used three common grassland herb species that were grown in a sterile substrate and inoculated with a sterile control soil or with living soils. Living soils were conditioned either by the focal species in monoculture or a four‐ or eight‐species mixture that included the focal species to represent a decrease in the target plants’ conspecific influence on the soil communities.

We show that the effect of soil biota changed from positive at the plants’ juvenile life stages to neutral or negative at the plants’ adult life stages and ultimately decreased plant fitness. A higher conspecific influence on the soil communities pronounced the positive effects at the juvenile life stage but also the negative effects at adult life stages. Further, we observed direct soil biotic effects on flower production and plant fitness that were not mediated by adult biomass production. This suggests that soil biotic effects may alter plant resource allocation and even may have transgenerational effects on plant fitness.

Synthesis. We conclude that there is no overarching effect of soil biota that remains consistent at all the life stages of a plant. Thus, our results highlight the importance to consider plant life stage and ultimately plant fitness especially when plant–soil interactions are used to explain plant community dynamics.
Association of serum osteocalcin levels with major adverse cardiovascular events: A 4.4‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Shen Yun , Xu Yiting , Xiong Qin , Lu Zhigang , Ma Xiaojing , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe investigated whether the serum osteocalcin levels at baseline were associated with the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a population‐based retrospective cohort study of Chinese subjects. Coronary angiography was used to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD). Survival curves were analyzed by performing log‐rank tests with Kaplan‐Meier figures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify the association of serum osteocalcin levels with the incidence of MACE. A total of 247 subjects with a mean age of 65.50 ± 10.38 years were enrolled in the analysis. After a mean follow‐up time of 4.4 ± 2.6 years, MACE occurred in 175 cases. For men patients, those with serum osteocalcin levels higher than 17.22 ng/mL had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) than those with serum osteocalcin levels lower than 17.22 ng/mL (P < .05). According to the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, the lower serum osteocalcin levels and the higher risk of future MACE occurred in men with CAD at baseline (hazard ratio = 0.970; 95% confidence interval 0.943‐0.999, P = .04). However, this difference was not significant either in men without CAD or in women. In conclusion, relatively lower serum osteocalcin levels were associated with a higher risk of MACE in Chinese men with CAD.