bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change may reduce the spread of non‐native species
Authors: Bezeng Bezeng S. , Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , van der Bank Michelle , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Daru Barnabas H. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvasive species are considered a major threat to ecosystem functioning and native biodiversity. Their negative impacts on ecosystems and the provisioning of ecosystem services have been widely documented. South Africa faces one of the most significant challenges from invasive species globally, and the South African government spent an estimated US $100 million to mitigate impacts of non‐native species between 1995 and 2000 alone. Here, we modeled the current climatic niche of 162 non‐native trees and shrubs within South Africa and explored potential shifts in their distribution with projected climate change. Our results indicate that over half of these species will experience a decrease in their suitable climate over the next decades, although not uniformly so and ranges are predicted to expand into some regions. We also compared recent vs. historical introductions and showed similar patterns, indicating that possible violation of equilibrium assumptions in our distribution models likely does not strongly influence our findings. We suggest that climate change may therefore provide a window of opportunity for more effective invasive species control within South Africa, but that large range shifts are likely for many non‐natives in the future, and new invasive threats might emerge.
Study on a Voltage Estimation of Tap‐Changing Transformer in Consideration of SVC Introduction
Authors: YONEZAWA SEIJI , MATSUOKA NANAKO , TAKAYAMA SATOSHI , ISHIGAME ATSUSHI , MATSUURA YASUO , ABE KATSUYA , MINAMI MASAHIRO 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYRecent years, installation of photovoltaic (PV) system is active by the environmental problem and feed in tariff system. Due to PV's output fluctuation, the static var compensator (SVC) made by power electronics technology is planning to install in distribution system. The SVC is expected for maintain the voltage. But SVC differs in a theory of operation of the existing voltage controller load ratio control transformer (LRT) and step voltage regulator (SVR). Because the SVC operation makes the system impedance changes, the existing voltage controller may not operate effectively. In this study, the intelligent‐control method which used the radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed. This method can reduce the effects of the SVC operation by including the performance characteristics of SVC in the conventional method. An advantage of unnecessary arrangement attention of the SVC setup node and easy cooperation with the existing equipment is obtained by applying this method.
Loss Minimization Design Using Permeance Method for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: SATO DAISUKE , ITOH JUN‐ICHI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYIn this study, the lowest loss point is calculated using the permeance method when the machine parameters of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor are changed. Using the proposed method, the motor loss is easily calculated compared to the conventional method. The periodic change in the magnetic resistance in the air‐gap according to the rotation of the rotor does not need to be considered because the magnetic equivalent circuits of the rotor and stator are separated. In this study, the motor loss is calculated by the proposed method and a finite element method (FEM). As a result, the error in the calculation results between the permeance method and the FEM is 2.9%. On the other hand, the motor losses are calculated by the permeance method when some machine parameters are changed. As a result, these results agree in principle with those of the FEM. Therefore, the validity of the proposed method is confirmed. In addition, the method for motor design is considered in terms of the loss.
Positive Creeping Discharge along Aerial Insulated Wire Generated by Lightning Stroke
Authors: NISHI TOSHIYUKI , HANAOKA RYOICHI , MURDIYA FRI , MIYAGI KATSUNORI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThere are two causes, inductive lightning surge and direct lightning stroke, as the aerial insulated wire accidents accompanying lightning in a power distribution system. When the overvoltage due to the inductive lightning surge invades to the wire core, the creeping discharge can develop along the wire surface from the free end of the binding wire just after a flashover of the post insulator at the wire supporting point. This creeping discharge may give rise to the accidents such as a melting or snapping of the wire. The creeping discharge along the wire surface has the positive or negative polarity. Positive creeping discharge is restricted to the area where a positive lightning generates. Only a few examples have been reported on the positive creeping discharge, and its characteristic has many unsolved points. In the previous studies, we have observed the positive creeping discharges along the wire surface under the negative inductive lightning surge with the peak values in the range |Vm| ≤80 kV. In this study, the positive creeping discharges are examined newly in the range |Vm| > 80 kV. It is reported that the positive creeping discharges are greatly affected by the negative corona discharges generating from the wire surface in |Vm| ≥ 95 kV.
Magnitude and factors associated with nonadherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in Africa: A cross‐sectional multisite study
Authors: Ibinda Fredrick , Odermatt Peter , Kariuki Symon M. , Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Wagner Ryan G. , Owusu‐Agyei Seth , Masanja Honorati , Ngugi Anthony K. , Mbuba Caroline K. , Doku Victor C. K. , Neville Brian G. , Sander Josemir W. , Newton Charles R. J. C. ,   the SEEDS writing group
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectivesThe epilepsy treatment gap is large in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but the reasons behind nonadherence to treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) across African countries remain unclear. We investigated the extent to which AEDs are not taken and associated factors in people with active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) identified in cross‐sectional studies conducted in five African countries.MethodsWe approached 2,192 people with a confirmed diagnosis of ACE for consent to give blood voluntarily. Participants were asked if they were taking AEDs, and plasma drug concentrations were measured using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay analyzer. Information about possible risk factors was collected using questionnaire‐based clinical interviews. We determined factors associated with nonadherence to AED treatment in children and adults, as measured by detectable and optimal levels, using multilevel logistic regression.ResultsIn 1,303 samples assayed (43.7% were children), AEDs were detected in 482, but only 287 had optimal levels. Of the 1,303 samples, 532 (40.8%) were from people who had reported they were on AEDs. The overall prevalence of nonadherence to treatment was 63.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.5–65.6%) as measured by detectable AED levels and 79.1% (95% CI 73.3–84.3%) as measured by optimal AED levels; self‐reported nonadherence was 65.1% (95% CI 45.0–79.5%). Nonadherence was significantly (p < 0.001) more common among the children than among adults for optimal and detectable levels of AEDs, as was the self‐reported nonadherence. In children, lack of previous hospitalization and learning difficulties were independently associated with nonadherence to treatment. In adults, history of delivery at home, absence of burn marks, and not seeking traditional medicine were independently associated with the nonadherence to AED treatment.SignificanceOnly about 20% of people with epilepsy benefit fully from antiepileptic drugs in sub‐Saharan Africa, according to optimum AEDs levels. Children taking AEDs should be supervised to promote compliance.
Modeling the influence of individual and employment factors on musculoskeletal disorders in fabrication industry
Authors: R. R Mahesa. , Vinodkumar M. N. , Neethu V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study was designed to identify the individual and employment factors that influence highly frequent, less severe self‐reported musculoskeletal disorder pain incidences among welders. A self‐reporting questionnaire to measure two individual factors (age and experience), six employment factors (physical workload, working hours, shift work, nature of employment, mode of apprenticeship training, and association with present employer), along with a modified Nordic questionnaire response sheet was used to collect data. The survey was conducted among welders employed in a fabrication cluster in a southern part of India. A total of 987 completed questionnaires (response rate: 66%) were analyzed using the SPSS program. The analysis showed that two employment factors, “shift work” and “mode of apprenticeship training” significantly influence self‐reported musculoskeletal disorder pain. The mode of apprenticeship training was found to influence musculoskeletal disorder pain in the neck region for annual prevalence and causes annual disability in neck and upper back regions. Similarly, shift work was found to influence musculoskeletal disorder pain in the shoulder and neck regions for weekly and annual prevalence and causes annual disability in shoulder, wrist/hands, upper back, and hip/thigh/buttock regions among welders. These factors can be considered as points for targeting intervention efforts.
Adverse reactions to metal on polyethylene implants: Highly destructive lesions related to elevated concentration of cobalt and chromium in synovial fluid
Authors: Eltit Felipe , Assiri Ali , Garbuz Donald , Duncan Clive , Masri Bassam , Greidanus Nelson , Bell Robert , Sharma Manju , Cox Michael , Wang Rizhi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) are the primary cause of failure of metal on metal (MoM) hip implants, and fewer but not negligible number cases of nonmodular metal on polyethylene (MoP) implants. In this study, we analyzed 17 cases of MoP ALTR, and equal number of MoM, by histological observation, cobalt and chromium concentration in serum and synovial fluid and cytokine analysis in ALTR tissues. ALTRs in MoP are highly necrotic, affecting larger areas than MoM ALTRs. Degenerative changes in blood vessels' wall were seen in all MoP ALTRs. The concentration of cobalt and chromium was higher in synovial fluid but lower in serum of MoP patients compared to MoM patients. Elevated concentrations of chemokines were observed in ALTR tissues. We conclude that ALTRs in MoP systems are highly necrotizing lesions that seem to have a similar development to ALTRs in MoM. Alteration of vessels wall seems to have a role in the tissues necrosis, as well as the elevated concentration of cobalt and chromium in synovial fluid of MoP patients. Chemokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALTR and constitute possible diagnostic targets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1876–1886, 2017.
Polydatin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngeal cancer and HeLa cells via suppression of the PDGF/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Li Haixia , Shi Baoyuan , Li Yanyun , Yin Fengfang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPolydatin (PD), a stilbene compound extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, is suggested to possess anti‐cancer activities, including inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. The platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)/AKT signaling pathway plays complex roles in tumor suppression. However, the effect of PD on the PDGF/AKT signaling pathway in laryngeal cancer and HeLa cells has not been explored. MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that PD inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in Hep‐2 and AMC‐HN‐8 cells. Western blot analysis indicated that PD inhibited the expression levels of PDGF‐B and phosphorylated AKT (p‐AKT) in both cells. Treatment of PDGF‐B siRNA or PDGFR inhibitor found that after the PDGF signaling was inactivated, p‐AKT expression was significantly decreased in Hep‐2 cells. Tumor xenograft experiment in nude mice indicated PD significantly inhibited the growth of Hep‐2 cells in vivo. In conclusion, PD inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in laryngeal cancer and HeLa cells via inactivation of the PDGF/AKT signaling pathway.
In vitro inhibition of human erythrocyte hexokinase by various hyperglycemic drugs
Authors: Aljamal Jalal A. , Badawneh Muwaffag 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHemolysis is the red blood cell abnormality most often associated with adverse effect of drug therapy. Drug‐induced or drug‐associated hyperglycemia could decrease the activity of hexokinase. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of some commonly used drugs that have hyperglycemic side effect on the human erythrocyte hexokinase enzyme in vitro. Hexokinase was purified from human erythrocytes using sequential chromatography, with a specific activity of 0.96 ± 0.18 U/g hemoglobin, and assayed in the presence of selected drugs that have hyperglycemic side effect. The IC50 were determined from the regression analysis graph. Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the hyperglycemic side effect of some of the tested drugs and decrease of hexokinase activity. This suggests that, at least in part, these drugs exert their hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting glucose phosphorylation by the hexokinase, which consequently causes the glucose accumulation.
Subcubic Edge‐Chromatic Critical Graphs Have Many Edges
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. , Rabern Landon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe consider graphs G with such that and for every edge e, so‐called critical graphs. Jakobsen noted that the Petersen graph with a vertex deleted, , is such a graph and has average degree only . He showed that every critical graph has average degree at least , and asked if is the only graph where equality holds. A result of Cariolaro and Cariolaro shows that this is true. We strengthen this average degree bound further. Our main result is that if G is a subcubic critical graph other than , then G has average degree at least . This bound is best possible, as shown by the Hajós join of two copies of .
Ultrahigh b‐values MRI in normal human prostate: Initial research on reproducibility and age‐related differences
Authors: Shi Changzheng , Zhang Dong , Xiao Zeyu , Wang Li , Ma Rong , Chen Hanwei , Luo Liangping 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with ultrahigh b‐values, and analyze the age‐related differences in normal prostates.Materials and MethodsIn all, 67 healthy participants were divided into three age groups (group A, 15–30 years; group B, 31–50 years; group C, ≥51 years), and underwent DWI scanning twice with 15 b‐factors from 0 to 3000 at 3.0T. Triexponential fits were applied to calculate the molecular diffusion coefficient (D), the pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*), the ultrahigh apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCuh), and perfusion fraction (f). The interobserver and short‐term interscan reproducibility were evaluated, and the change in these parameters with age were assessed.ResultsThe D, ADCuh, and f values presented good to excellent reproducibility. With increasing age, a trend of increasing D values was observed, with significant difference in both peripheral zone (PZ, P = 0.01) and central gland (CG, P = 0.01) of normal prostate tissue. The f value increased in the CG beginning at 50 years of age while the ADCuh value decreased in the PZ after 50 years of age; all of them showed significant differences between groups A and C and groups B and C (P = 0.01/0.01).ConclusionThe D, ADCuh, and f values have good to excellent reproducibility in the normal prostate, and these values change with age. The ultrahigh b‐values magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide additional information (ADCuh), which is different from the IVIM (intravoxel incoherent motion)‐derived parameters.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:801–812
Quantitative method for analysis of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke by using heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Leijun , Dong Huizhong , Shao Xi , Wu Da , Liu Baizhan , Zhang Xiangmin , Chen Chaoying 
Published: March 2017

A heart‐cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of tobacco‐specific N‐nitrosamines (TSNAs) at low concentration level in Virginia‐type cigarette smoke. A strong cation exchange column was utilized for the first dimensional separation, which effectively removed acidic and neutral components in the smoke, followed by a reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric analysis. To capture components of the TSNAs in the effluent on the trapping column, a compensating pump was applied for online dilution and pH adjustment during the period of the TSNAs fraction transferring and enrichment. Highly sensitive determination of the TSNAs in mainstream cigarette smoke was achieved by isotope deuterated internal standards under the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Compared with traditional methodologies, the method was almost no matrix interference. Limits of quantity for the TSNAs were within 0.027–0.094 ng/mL, and the results showed good reproducibility and accuracy. Finally, the new method was applied for analysis of the Kentucky reference cigarettes and the results agreed well with joint experiments of Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco.
Analysis of selected designer benzodiazepines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and the estimation of their partition coefficients by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Tomková Jana , Švidrnoch Martin , Maier Vítězslav , Ondra Peter 
Published: March 2017

A new ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry method for the selective and sensitive separation, identification, and determination of selected designer benzodiazepines (namely, pyrazolam, phenazepam, etizolam, flubromazepam, diclazepam, deschloroetizolam, bentazepam, nimetazepam, and flubromazolam) in human serum was developed. The separation of the studied designer benzodiazepines was achieved on C18 chromatographic column using gradient elution within 6 min without any significant matrix interferences. Liquid–liquid extraction with butyl acetate was applied for serum samples cleanup and preconcentration of studied designer benzodiazepines. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, matrix effects, specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and sample stability. The limit of detection values were 0.10–0.15 ng/mL. The method was applied to a spiked serum sample to demonstrate its applicability for systematic toxicology analysis. Furthermore, a capillary chromatographic method with micellar electrokinetic chromatography was used for the estimation of partition coefficients of studied designer benzodiazepines as important parameters to evaluate their pharmacological and toxicological properties.
A habitat model to aid the conservation of crested caracaras
Authors: Smith Jennifer A. , Dwyer James F. , Fraser James D. , Morrison Joan L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNorthern crested caracaras (Caracara cheriway) in south‐central Florida are threatened by habitat loss, which is ongoing at local and regional scales. A tool capable of predicting effects of habitat loss on caracaras, and whose predictions can inform conservation strategies at multiple scales is imperative. We coupled a resource selection function‐based habitat model with a geographic information system to predict the effects on the distribution of caracara nesting habitat as a result of a planned conversion of 143 km2 of agricultural land to sugarcane (local scale), and as a result of projected urbanization through 2060 (regional scale). Our model predicted a 100% decrease in the area classified as having a high or the highest relative probability of caracara nesting habitat (129.39 km2, or 13 average caracara home range equivalents) following completion of the local‐scale project, and a 34.9% decrease following urbanization projected by 2060 (3,641.52 km2, or 366 average caracara home range equivalents). Our model can help direct compensatory mitigation at the local scale by predicting the amount of habitat likely to be lost because of land conversion at project sites. Predictions from the model also identify 3 conservation areas within the species range in Florida that collectively contain 6,140 km2 and would aid in region‐wide conservation of this threatened raptor. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Family history of cancer and head and neck cancer survival
Authors: Getz Kayla R. , Rozek Laura S. , Peterson Lisa A. , Bellile Emily L. , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Wolf Gregory T. , Mondul Alison M. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivePatients with a family history of cancer may be genetically predisposed to carcinogenesis. This could affect risk of recurrence, second primary tumors, and overall outcomes after treatment of a primary cancer. We evaluated the association between family history of cancer and disease‐specific survival in a cohort of patients with primary head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignSix hundred and forty‐three incident HNSCC patients recruited through the University of Michigan Specialized Program of Research Excellence were followed for up to 5 years for survival. Participants were interviewed about personal and family cancer history, demographic information, and behavioral habits.MethodsCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between family history of cancer in a first‐degree relative and disease‐specific survival.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, we found a nonsignificant inverse association between family history and HNSCC mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.35). This association was stronger and statistically significant among patients who currently both drank alcohol and smoked cigarettes at diagnosis (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97); no association was observed among participants who did not both drink and smoke at the time of diagnosis (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.68–1.91; p‐interaction = 0.046).ConclusionResults from this study suggest that having a family history of cancer may be associated with improved disease‐specific survival in patients who use tobacco and alcohol. Additional large studies, particularly in populations including nonwhites and women, are needed to confirm or refute the association and to elucidate the genetic factors that may underlie this potential association.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:1816–1820, 2017
Existence results for asymmetric fractional ‐Laplacian problem
Authors: Pei Ruichang , Ma Caochuan , Zhang Jihui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigated a class of quasi‐linear nonlocal problems with a right‐hand side nonlinearity which exhibits an asymmetric growth at and . Namely, it is linear at and superlinear at . However, it needs not satisfy the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition on the positive semiaxis. Some existence results for nontrivial solution are established by using variational methods combined with the Moser–Trudinger inequality.