bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and microbiological implications of time to positivity of blood cultures in adult patients with blood stream infections
Authors: Sastry Apurba Sankar , Bhaskar Maanasa , Dhandapani Sarumathi , Priyadarshi Ketan , Kumar V Pradeep 
Published: September 2024

Blood stream infections (BSI) are one of the serious and life threatening complications associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of patients without bacterial infections is an important component of antimicrobial stewardship. With the advances in the automated blood culture systems especially with the continuous monitoring systems, time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures has been reduced drastically thereby allowing faster de-escalation of the antibiotics.: In this study, we have analysed the TTP of different bacterial isolates, and the effects of initiation of antimicrobials and blood volume on TTP. Adult patients with monomicrobial bacteraemia in an academic hospital were included retrospectively over a four-year period. Time to positivity was recorded for each positive sample. Information about the timing of blood sample collection i.e. before or after start of antibiotics was collected from the blood culture requisition form. The blood volume in the blood culture bottle is the virtual blood volume given by the Bact-Alert Virtuo instrument. A total of 38,606 blood culture samples that flagged positive from adult patients with suspected BSIs were included. 79% of the samples had a TTP of less than 24 hours and 15% of the samples had TTP of 24 to 48 hrs. Only 6% of the samples had TTP of more than 48 hours. Gram negative pathogens (Average TTP- 12.5hours) have shorter TTP when compared to Gram positive pathogens (Average TTP- 15.4 hours).With the use of modern automated blood culture systems, TTP can be used as a tool to guide the antimicrobial therapy and early de-escalation of the empirical antibiotics thereby reducing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Minimally invasive surgery for hallux valgus: A comparative analysis
Authors: Lakhani Amit 
Published: September 2024

Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity characterized by the lateral deviation of the big toe. Traditional open surgery has historically been the primary treatment option. However, the advent of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has offered a less invasive alternative with several advantages.MIS techniques for hallux valgus typically involve smaller incisions, leading to reduced pain, faster recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes. Common MIS procedures include chevron osteotomy, Akin osteotomy, and Lapidus procedure. While MIS has shown promising results in many cases, the suitability of each technique depends on the severity of the deformity and individual patient factors.This comprehensive review explores the role of MIS in hallux valgus treatment, comparing it to traditional open surgery and discussing the factors that should be considered when making a treatment decision.
Knowledge, perception and practices adapted during COVID-19: A qualitative study in a district in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Joshi Beena Nitin , Bhavya M K  , Prusty Ranjan Kumar , Tandon Deepti , Kabra Rita , Allagh Komal Preet , Khan Shabana 
Published: September 2024

India faced a huge burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. The health system was overwhelmed in coping with this unknown new and rapidly spreading disease. The general public was scared and relied heavily on instructions from the government on preventive and treatment strategies.: To understand perceptions about COVID-19 and the practices followed by the community to prevent disease transmission.: This study is part of a larger multi-country study conducted by the World Health Organization. In this paper, we present the findings of a qualitative study that utilized in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among men and women in rural and urban areas of one of the worst affected districts in the state of Maharashtra, India.: The community had basic knowledge about COVID-19 and they followed the preventive measures as suggested by the government health department and also used traditional practices such as herbal remedies. Media, community health workers, and social media were their major sources of information. However, some of the information received by the community was non-scientific leading to myths and misconceptions.: The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenging situation to both community and health system. The community was well informed about the disease, its mode of transmission, important precautions, and guidelines. People followed the instructions provided by the health workers. They also had a lot of myths and misconceptions about how the disease spreads and a few also followed traditional practices for prevention. Community health workers played a crucial role in facilitating the community’s adherence to COVID-19 protocols.
Predictors of short-term mortality in patients undergoing emergency coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Comanici Maria , Nadia Bithi , Raja Shahzad G. 
Published: September 2024

Aim: Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a critical intervention for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly in high-risk cases where rapid revascularization is necessary. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, early mortality rates remain high. This study aims to identify predictors of short-term mortality in patients undergoing emergency CABG for ACS through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: A PRISMA-based systematic review was performed using major databases up to May 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting short-term mortality outcomes and associated predictors in patients undergoing emergency CABG for ACS. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by multiple reviewers. Statistical analysis included pooled odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) for identified predictors using random-effects models.
Results: A total of 20 studies encompassing 4,777 patients met the inclusion criteria. Key predictors of short-term mortality include advanced age (OR 1.40, 95%CI: 1.07-1.82), cardiogenic shock (OR 5.35, 95%CI: 3.27-8.74), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.55, 95%CI: 1.30-9.71), and preoperative use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (OR 2.46, 95%CI: 1.00-6.04). Timing of surgery within the first 48 h post-ACS was also associated with higher mortality rates.
Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight important predictors of short-term mortality in patients undergoing emergency CABG for ACS. These findings underscore the importance of tailored perioperative management strategies to improve outcomes in this high-risk patient population.
Fatwa of the Wahdah Islamiyah Sharia Council regarding Guidelines for Friday Prayers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Academic Ijtihad Perspective
Authors: Muhlisah Siti Nurul , Yusdani  
Published: September 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic that has become an epidemic in Indonesia since early 2020 has had a negative impact on society in all aspects, especially in the fields of education, economy, social and religion. The Covid-19 outbreak can cause public unrest in religious matters where Friday prayer guides cannot be carried out in congregation in mosques considering that mitigation of the spread of the virus must be done by avoiding large-scale social crowds. Fatwa / advise is an answer in responding to this problem. One of the mass organizations in Indonesia, Wahdah Islamiyah, contributed to issuing a fatwa on Friday prayers during the Covid-19 period as a guideline for society in terms of worship. This research is a library research with qualitative research type. The approach to this research is a sociological-normative approach with descriptive analysis methods toward the fatwa of Wahdah Islamiyah advise about guidelines for jum'at prayers and mitigating the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The result of this research is that the ijtihad carried out by the Wahdah Islamiyah organization issued a collective fatwa using the ijtihad istis method which considers the benefit in realizing maqa>s}id syari'ah in the aspect of protecting religion and guarding the soul. The fatwa allows Friday prayers to be replaced with Zuhr prayers at home on the basis of the consideration of achieving benefits and eliminating fade from the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. The fatwa is the result of contemporary ijtihad with a multidimensional approach that collaborates religious disciplines with scientific and social disciplines. The fatwa of Wahdah Islamiyah contributes to the methodology of contemporary Islamic law which is also called academic ijtihad as an extension of Islamic legal ijtihad that takes into account social phenomena and the application of maqa>s}id syari'ah to contemporary problems through dimensional approaches from various disciplines.
Food Industry Compliance With the Display of Front-of-Package Warning Labels at the Final Phase (2020) of Chile’s Labeling and Advertising Law
Authors: Rebolledo Natalia , Ferrer-Rosende Pedro , Reyes Marcela , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Corvalán Camila 
Published: September 2024

Objectives. To investigate food industry compliance with the display of front-of-package warning labels (FOPLs) on products that exceed regulatory thresholds for being high in calories, added sugars, sodium, or saturated fats after full implementation of Chile’s Food Labeling and Advertising Law. Methods. In 2020, trained dietitians took pictures of nutritional information and FOPLs on packaged products in supermarkets. We categorized foods and beverages as requiring FOPLs (or not) using their nutritional composition and ingredients as set out in government guidelines. We compared these classifications with the actual display of FOPLs. Results. About 62.5% of packaged foods and beverages displayed any FOPL. The most frequent label was for energy (38.7%), followed by sugars (35.2%), saturated fats (26.2%), and sodium (22.6%). Compliance with FOPL display was high (93.6% for any “high-in” designation). Lower compliance was observed in nonsausage meat products (83.5%) and soups (84.5%). Candies and sweet confectionery and sausages contributed most to noncompliance with any “high-in” designation. Conclusions. Following the law’s full implementation, the food industry complied with the display of FOPLs. Mandatory policies with clear guidelines and monitoring systems can contribute to ensuring and sustaining high compliance. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1398–1405. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307843 )
More Than 1.4 Million US Children Have Lost a Family Member to Drug Overdose
Authors: Verdery Ashton M. , Ryan-Claytor Cayley , Smith-Greenaway Emily , Sarkar Nilakshi , Livings Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Objectives. To estimate children’s exposure to family overdose in the United States. Methods. We used recent demographic kinship modeling advances and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s most recent underlying cause of death estimates to model how many children aged younger than 18 years in 2019 had lost 1 or more parents, siblings, grandparents, aunts or uncles, or cousins to overdose mortality since birth. We calculated the number and proportion of children with such exposures and considered age, cohort, and gender patterning. Results. More than 1.4 million children in the United States, mostly adolescents, experienced a family overdose death, often losing central figures like parents or grandparents. Cohort analyses suggest dramatic increases in these exposures, portending mounting prevalence. Conclusions. Attention to the large population with lives disrupted by overdose deaths should include affected children. The long-arm consequences of the overdose crisis will continue to define the public health landscape for decades. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1394–1397. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307847 )
Do Half of Orthopaedic Surgeons Change Jobs within Their First 2 Years?
Authors: McKeeman Jonathan D. , Greenhill Dustin A. , Sharma Akhil , Harrast John J. , Martin David F. , Lundy Douglas W. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The claim that “50% of orthopaedic surgeons leave their first job within 2 years” did not originate from evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate practice change rates among board- eligible orthopaedic surgeons using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database.

Methods:
We utilized information provided by orthopaedic surgeons taking the ABOS Part II Examination across 6 different years. Surgeons who trained outside of the United States and members of the uniformed services of the U.S. were excluded. Move rates within 2 years of starting practice and before the candidate’s Part II examination were determined. All surgeons were then subcategorized as having followed a traditional or nontraditional certification timeline based on whether they took Part II of the examination within 2 practice years after becoming board-eligible. Candidate-specific variables were analyzed according to whether the surgeon did or did not change practices.

Results:
Among 3,784 orthopaedic surgeons, 215 (5.7%) left their first practice within 2 years. On average, candidates sat for the Part II examination at a mean (and standard deviation) of 2.1 ± 1.1 years (range, 0.7 to 31.9 years) after reporting their first practice location. Seventy-six percent of surgeons took the Part II examination within a traditional timeframe. On average, nontraditional candidates left their first practice at a significantly higher rate than traditional candidates (20.5% versus 1.3%; p < 0.001), changed practices more often (1.5 versus 1.2 moves; p = 0.021), and moved farther (500.1 versus 304.4 miles; p = 0.023). Fellowship training and/or Part II examination subspecialty were not strongly associated with a surgeon leaving his or her first practice.

Conclusions:
While it is possible that >5.7% of orthopaedic surgeons leave their first job during their early career, it is unlikely that many relocate within 2 years. This is especially true among orthopaedic surgeons pursuing ABOS certification within a traditional timeframe.
Simulation and experimental study on machining Waspaloy superalloy by micro flat bottom bit
Authors: Zhang Haoqiang , Zhang Ao , Hou Suoxia , Zhang Duo , Wang Xinge , Wang Lina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Due to their numerous advantages, nickel-based alloys are widely utilized in turbine and aero-engine blades. The processing of micro holes in these alloys requires employing a micro flat bottom bit, as well as the placement and fixed connections between small parts. On the other hand, the nickel-based alloy Waspaloy is a typical tough material with great flexibility, hardness, corrosion preventive, and other characteristics. Combining theory, simulation, and experiment, the influence of cutting parameters on axial force, tool wear, hole morphology, surface roughness of the hole wall, and chip morphology was analyzed by using the single-factor method to study the machining conditions of the micro drill and workpiece in flat bore micro-hole processing more rationally and accurately. The results show that under the condition of low feed fate and high spindle speed, the axial force is smaller, the service life of micro drill is longer and the machining micro hole accuracy is higher.
Transcriptomic profiles link corticostriatal microarchitecture to genetics of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric risks
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Hu Sheng , Wang Yanming , Wang Xiaoxiao , Ji Yang , Li Chuanfu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Many studies on macroscale organization have focused on only the cerebral cortex or striatum, leaving a large gap in the hierarchy of corticostriatal microstructural covariance. Here, we partitioned the striatum into seven distinct parcels and computed the microstructural covariance between each parcel and the cerebral cortex using T1-weighted/T2-weighted mapping. We found that corticostriatal microstructural covariance exhibited a hierarchical gradient along the anterior-posterior axis of the striatum. The patterns of corticostriatal microstructural covariance are linked to geodesic distance and cell type-specific gene expression profiles, revealing a gradually attenuated relationship along the anterior-posterior axis of the striatum. Linking gene expression profile to corticostriatal microstructural patterns showed that the transcriptional variations in cell type-specific genes are different between the anterior and posterior striatum and suggested that anterior striatum are more enriched in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, at the genetic level, the corticostriatal microarchitecture showed a spatiotemporal trait during neurodevelopment. Finally, we identified the neural circuits from limbic and medial frontal cortex to striatum that contributes to the common neuropsychiatric disorders. Collectively, our findings reveal spatially covarying transcriptional specializations and hierarchical architectures of corticostriatal microstructural covariance, highlighting the mechanisms underlying that neurodevelopmental corticostriatal circuits may be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Ketamine and Psilocybin Differentially Impact Sensory Learning
During the Mismatch Negativity
Authors: Allohverdi Shona , Soltanzadeh Milad , Schmidt André , Charlton Colleen , Hauke Daniel , Karvelis Povilas , Vollenweider Franz , Diaconescu Andreea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Ketamine and psilocybin show potential as therapies for various mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder. However, further investigation into their neural mechanisms is required to understand their effects on the brain. By combining computational modelling with electroencephalography (EEG), we examine the effects of ketamine and psilocybin on hierarchical sensory precision-weighted prediction error (pwPE) learning in the context of the auditory mismatch negativity, an event-related potential consistently shown to be reduced under psychotomimetic interventions. We employed a Bayesian framework and re-analyzed a previously acquired EEG dataset (Schmidt et al., 2012) by modelling single-trial EEG data using the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter. Using a placebo-controlled within-subject crossover design, healthy subjects were administered either S-ketamine or psilocybin during an auditory roving paradigm of pure sinusoidal tones. Our findings elucidate distinct neural impacts of ketamine and psilocybin on sensory learning: ketamine led to a larger reduction in the effect of sensory precision compared to placebo from 207 to 316 ms peaking at 277 ms in the frontal central channels, while psilocybin showed no significant effect. Both drugs reduced the expression of belief precision between 160 to 184 ms, peaking at 172 ms. For higher-level volatility pwPEs, ketamine reduced the expression while psilocybin had null effect at 312 ms. For perception of elementary imagery, ketamine had a greater effect than psilocybin on sensory and volatility precision, while psilocybin had a greater effect on volatility pwPEs. Our findings suggest hallucinogens have distinct effects on sensory learning that could inform tailored therapies for major depression.
Vibration based condition monitoring of spur gear using signal processing and machine learning
Authors: Alkahtani Badr Saad T. , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Nayak Chitresh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The objective of this work is to diagnose the fault of spur gear based on vibration analysis using signal processing techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms. This paper describes two approaches of signal processing techniques, which are time-domain and frequency domain. The proposed method investigated that both approaches of signal processing are suitable for fault diagnosis effectively and has been improved by analyzing from both sides. Variation of noise level during the meshing of gears has also been measured. Statistical features extracted from recorded vibration signals using time-domain approach for healthy and faulty spur gear conditions were used as input to ML algorithms The outcome of this research validated through machine learning approaches such as the J48 algorithm, which is 97.08% classification accuracy. It has been observed that for better monitoring of the health status of the gear, both sides' signals and noise levels must be analyzed. The outcome of this work is an important consideration for fault diagnosis of spur gear as well as bearings and shaft misalignment.
Effect of methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol on the moisture resistance of ester-hardened sodium silicate bonded ceramic sand
Authors: Pan Huichao , Du Xueshan , Li Yang , Meng Fanxi , Dong Mengjie , Ma Xinbiao , Zhao Jingyu , Cao Wenbo , Sun Yufu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Sodium silicate binder as a binder for sand casting has the advantages of green, non-polluting, low cost, but the problem of strong hygroscopicity of sodium silicate bonded ceramic sand (SSBCS) has been pending solution. In this paper, the effect of methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol on the moisture resistance of ester-hardened SSBCS was studied, aiming to solve the problem of high moisture absorption of SSBCS. The results showed that the optimum ratio was 15% methyl silicone oil and 3% polyvinyl alcohol. Compared with unmodified SSBCS, the moisture absorption rate of SSBCS modified by methylsilicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h decreased by 0.2%, 0.18%, 0.32% and 0.51%, respectively, and the strength loss rate at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h decreased to 0. Characterization analysis concluded that methyl silicone oil and polyvinyl alcohol improved the strength of SSBCS by absorbing free sodium ions (Na+) from the sand and by covering the surface of SSBCS with a film to reduce water absorption.
Presenting an electrophysiological model to improve ionic valves affected by the Brugada syndrome
Authors: Shakibaei Faezeh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

So far, many models have been presented for different types of cardiac cells in different animal or human species. These models describe different areas of the heart as well as its normal states and diseases. Various models evaluate the normal and abnormal characteristics of the heart cell. There are different approaches to present cell models. The most common approach is to present complex electrophysiological models based on laboratory and experimental data. Better electrophysiological models for cardiac cells were gradually presented with a better understanding of ionic channels and processes as well as the advances in data recording, voltage clamp test, and microbiology techniques. In this paper, the Fluent software was used to model the fluid part and the Ansys Mechanical software was used to model the solid part. Moreover, the Ansys coupling system was used to manage data transfer between these two solvers. By changing the type of aortic ring from normal to calcified, the flow passing the valve decreased by 4%. Therefore, like the flexibility of the vessel wall, the condition of the annulus and its calcification affected the flow through the valve especially in the central part of the aortic ring.