bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women and girls’ participation in haemophilia clinical trials
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Cafuir Lorraine , Valentino Leonard A. , Koo Andee , Antun Ana , Kempton Christine L. 
Published: October 2024

Key Points
women and girls were infrequently represented in haemophilia clinical trials
intentional recruitment strategies are needed for haemophilia trials to be more inclusive of women and girls
Haemophilia testing of young girls in Canada: Describing the current recommendations for factor level and genetic testing and the experiences of Canadian parents
Authors: Chaigneau Megan , Grabell Julie , Wijnker Emil , Bowman Mackenzie , James Paula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt is widely acknowledged that haemophilia affects women and girls, yet current testing recommendations for factor level and genetic testing vary and do not universally incorporate updated research. Canadian parents have expressed frustration at inconsistent recommendations and reported instances where delayed testing led to missed diagnosis and preventable bleeding.AimStudy aim was to explore and describe the practice of haemophilia‐related testing of young girls in Canada.MethodsA mixed methods study was carried out with two populations: (1) Nurses working in haemophilia care completed a survey regarding the current testing recommendations of their Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC), (2) Parents of obligate or potential haemophilia carriers completed a structured interview with questions about their family experience of haemophilia and testing decisions for daughters.ResultsTwenty‐six survey responses were received and showed wide variation in the usual recommendations of Canadian HTCs. Different factor level testing recommendations may be given to obligate and potential carriers despite no difference in bleeding risk. Only a minority of HTCs currently recommend an early baseline factor level (< 10 years) to obligate carriers (27%) or potential carriers (15%). For genetic testing of potential carriers, 70% of HTC would approve a family request for genetic testing of a minor with specific conditions. The majority of parents interviewed felt dissatisfied with their testing experience (58%) and highlighted many issues related to delayed testing recommendations.ConclusionUpdated, nationally affirmed testing recommendations are needed that align with research on bleeding in women and girls affected by haemophilia.
Management of dermatosis papulosa nigra: a systematic review
Authors: Jain Shivani , Caire Haley , Haas Christopher J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a variant of seborrheic keratosis that typically presents as hyperpigmented pedunculated papules on the face, trunk, and/or back in those with skin of color. Although benign, the lesions can cause significant discomfort and distress. Management options are limited and often unaffordable, as treatment is elective in most cases. This study was undertaken to provide an updated summary of safe and efficacious treatments for DPN. Five databases were searched to identify full‐text publications reporting on treatments and outcomes in adults with DPN. Seventeen publications met inclusion criteria and were included: six cohort studies, one randomized controlled trial, five case report studies, one case series, and four pilot studies. Treatment options included simple excision, curettage, electrodesiccation, cryotherapy, topicals, and laser therapies. These modalities varied in their documented outcomes and associated potential adverse effect profiles. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common adverse effect that often leads to patient dissatisfaction. It can be mitigated with topical treatments aimed at reducing local inflammation. Study limitations included small sample size in individual studies, lack of consistent reporting of Fitzpatrick skin type, and lack of comparison to the standard treatment of electrodesiccation or curettage. Ultimately, treatment should consider the patient's Fitzpatrick type, treatment area, associated costs, and potential adverse effects.
Factors related to spontaneous space closure following early first permanent molar extraction: A systematic review
Authors: Alqanas Sarah , Alsahiem Jood , Aljami Abdullah , Alsudairi Nourah , Ahmad Shakil , Sharma Sonali , Rajinder Sumit , Alamri Abdulaziz , Alhazmi Hesham , Hegazi Fahad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental caries and molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) are primary reasons for the extraction of first permanent molars (M1) in children, which can lead to significant dental and facial development issues such as a midline shift and temporomandibular joint disorder.AimThis systematic review aimed to identify key factors influencing spontaneous space closure following the early extraction of first permanent molars (M1) in children aged 5–15.DesignWe conducted a comprehensive search across Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, including the literature from 1960 to 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials, case–control, cross‐sectional, cohort studies, and case series that evaluated the impact of various factors on the spontaneous closure after M1 extraction.ResultsThe analysis highlights that chronological age and the developmental stage of the second permanent molars (M2) at the time of extraction are significant predictors of successful spontaneous space closure. Additionally, the presence and angle of M2, along with the presence of third permanent molars (M3), play crucial roles but require further investigation.ConclusionEarly assessment of M2's developmental stage and inclination, and the presence of M3 are essential for enhancing the likelihood of successful spontaneous space closure following M1 extraction in children.
Effect of relative humidity on the interlayer spacing of phosphate intercalated Mg, Al layered double hydroxide (hydrotalcite‐like) crystals
Authors: Reed Titus , Wonderling Nichole , Gevaudan Juan Pablo , Mauro John C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe availability of water and the type of interlayer anions present affect the arrangement and interlayer spacing of layered double hydroxide (LDH). A systematic study of the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the basal spacing of phosphate intercalated, magnesium aluminum LDHs (MgAl–PO4 LDH) was conducted, confirming that MgAl‐PO4 LDH exhibit distinct interlayer spacing corresponding to separate low‐ and high‐hydration states produced when exposed to low and high humidity conditions. The transition from the low‐ to high‐hydration form begins when RH exceeds 33% and is accompanied by the transition from one to two interlayers of water. An improved understanding of the effect of RH on MgAl–PO4 LDHs will enable more accurate atomistic modeling and experimental characterization of MgAl–PO4 LDHs and may lead to improvements in the tunability of MgAl‐PO4 LDHs for commercial applications such as slow‐release fertilizer.
Phenotyping Kidney Function in Young Adults With High Blood Pressure: The African‐PREDICT Study
Authors: Degenaar Anja , Kruger Ruan , Jacobs Adriaan , Mels Catharina M. C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiomarkers of kidney function, including glomerular, tubular, and fibrotic markers, have been associated with blood pressure in elderly populations and individuals with kidney and cardiovascular diseases. However, limited information is available in young adults. In this study, we compared levels of several kidney function biomarkers between normotensive and hypertensive young adults and explored the associations of these biomarkers with blood pressure within these groups. In this cross‐sectional assessment, twenty‐four‐hour (24‐h) blood pressure measurements of 1055 participants (mean age = 24.6 years) were used to classify hypertension as per the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines. Biomarkers of kidney function included estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin, alpha‐1 microglobulin (uA1M), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL), uromodulin (uUMOD), and the CKD273 classifier. All urinary biomarkers, except for the CKD273 classifier, were standardized for urinary creatinine (Cr). In the hypertensive group (61.0% White; 73.2% men), urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (uACR), uNGAL/Cr and uUMOD/Cr were lower than the normotensive group. In multiple regression analyses, 24‐h systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.042), 24‐h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.040), and 24‐h mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.16; p = 0.020) associated positively with uA1M/Cr in the hypertensive group, while 24‐h MAP positively associated with uACR (β = 0.17; p = 0.017). In exploratory factor analysis, positive associations of 24‐h DBP and 24‐h MAP with a factor pattern including tubular biomarkers were observed in the hypertensive group (24‐h DBP: β = 0.18; p = 0.026, 24‐h MAP: β = 0.17; p = 0.032). In the setting of hypertension, high perfusion pressure in the kidneys may play a role in the development of proximal tubule damage and promote early deterioration in kidney function in young adults.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03292094
The Effects of an Oral Supplementation of a Natural Keratin Hydrolysate on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study in Healthy Women
Authors: Tursi Francesco , Nobile Vincenzo , Cestone Enza , De Ponti Ileana , Lepoudere Anne , Sergheraert Renaud , Soulard Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundKeratin hydrolysates are active components used in food supplements to alleviate aging signs on skin, hair, and nails.AimsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluates a novel keratin hydrolysate obtained from poultry feathers. This feather keratin hydrolysate (FKH) results in a characteristic mix of free L‐amino acids (≥ 83.5%). FKH was administered as a food supplement to a panel of adult women showing aging physiological signs.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned in three groups to receive daily dosages of 500 or 1000 mg of FKH or placebo for 90 days. Parameters of skin roughness, wrinkle features, deep skin moisturization, skin maximum elongation and elasticity, skin thickness, skin anisotropy, skin density, gloss of skin, hair and nails, and nail hardness were evaluated. Subjects also answered a questionnaire related to the treatment efficacy perception.ResultsBoth FKH treatments showed a significant improvement of all parameters compared to day 0 and to placebo, with an exception for fiber anisotropy and fiber density which showed a significant improvement compared to day 0 and a tendency to improve compared to placebo. These measurements were bolstered by the results of a self‐assessment questionnaire, showing an overall set of positive answers for both treatments compared to placebo.ConclusionsOral supplementation of FKH for 90 days is associated with an improvement in the appearance of facial skin, hair, and nails. This study highlights the benefits of free L‐amino acids mix as potential aminobiotics and not just as building blocks of proteins, suggesting a new perspective of nutricosmetic food.
Organizations offering line manager training in mental health and presenteeism: A secondary data analysis of organizational‐level data
Authors: Dulal‐Arthur Teixiera , Hassard Juliet , Bourke Jane , Wishart Maria , Bartle Craig , Roper Stephen , Belt Vicki , Leka Stavroula , Pahl Nick , Thomson Louise , Blake Holly 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPresenteeism (working while ill) due to mental ill‐health is estimated to be one of the largest economic costs to employers. We seek to investigate the relationship between line manager training in mental health (MH) and presenteeism trends at work. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to examine the relationship between the provision of a new and emerging workplace MH and wellbeing (MH&WB) initiative – line manager (LM) training in MH – and presenteeism as reported by organizations and (ii) to examine the reasons for presenteeism, and organizational‐level strategies used to action it. To address these questions, we conducted a secondary data analysis using panel data from 7139 firms in England over four time points (2020–2023). Probit regression analysis revealed that organizations offering LM training are less likely to report presenteeism. Our analysis revealed that providing LM training may increase awareness and readiness to tackle presenteeism within the organization, but this does not always translate into actionable strategies. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Rehearsing Words and Gestures in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde
Authors: Trigg Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGeoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde offers many rhetorical lessons and models in how to speak and behave well according to the mediaeval conventions of fin'amor. The first three books of the poem are especially concerned with the best ways to control and express deep feeling. The two lovers prepare nervously for their first meeting at the beginning of Book III. Troilus, in particular, rehearses and seeks to memorise the best words, gestures, and facial expressions to use when he first speaks with Criseyde. In Book V, Diomede enacts very similar practices in his seduction of Criseyde, but the reader is encouraged to read this as a different kind of deliberate performance. Using the work of Monique Scheer and other theorists of emotional practice and the history of emotions, this essay explores the ambiguity of performance as both a rehearsed theatrical mode; and as the practice and affirmation of conventional forms of emotional expression. It concludes by proposing that Thomas Hoccleve's ‘mirror scene’ in his Compleinte draws on Troilus's rehearsals, adopting the performance anxiety associated with romantic love for his own more social and public concerns.
Emerging Orchestrator of Ecological Adaptation: m6A Regulation of Post‐Transcriptional Mechanisms
Authors: Ahi Ehsan Pashay , Singh Pooja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic mechanisms have been at the forefront of our exploration into the substrate of adaptive evolution and phenotypic diversification. However, genetic variation only accounts for a fraction of phenotypic variation. In the last decade, the significance of RNA modification mechanisms has become more apparent in the context of organismal adaptation to rapidly changing environments. RNA m6A methylation, the most abundant form of RNA modification, is emerging as a potentially significant player in various biological processes. Despite its fundamental function to regulate other major post‐transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA and alternative splicing, its role in ecology and evolution has been understudied. This review highlights the potential importance of m6A RNA methylation in ecological adaptation, emphasising the need for further research, especially in natural systems. We focus on how m6A not only affects mRNA fate but also influences miRNA‐mediated gene regulation and alternative splicing, potentially contributing to organismal adaptation. The aim of this review is to synthesise key background information to enhance our understanding of m6A mechanisms driving species survival in dynamic environments and motivate future research into the dynamics of adaptive RNA methylation.
Butin Protects Keratinocytes From Particulate Matter 2.5 and Ultraviolet B‐Mediated Damages
Authors: Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan , Piao Mei Jing , Kang Kyoung Ah , Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini , Kim Eui Tae , Hyun Chang Lim , Kim Young Ree , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundButin is a naturally occurring compound with a wide range of medicinal properties, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐arthritic, and antioxidant properties. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation contribute to skin cell damage via the induction of oxidative stress.MethodsThis study sought to assess the protective effects of butin against damage triggered by PM2.5 and UVB in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Assessments were performed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular component damage.ResultsButin exhibited its protective ability via the inhibition of PM2.5‐induced reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and mitochondrial damage. Butin reduced the PM2.5‐induced c‐Fos and phospho‐c‐Jun protein levels as well as mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Furthermore, butin mitigated PM2.5‐ and UVB‐induced apoptosis.ConclusionButin had the potential as a pharmaceutical candidate for treating skin damage caused by PM2.5 and UVB exposure.
Social contact and ethnic identity: Experimental evidence from West Africa
Authors: Doces John A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhat determines one's ethnic identity? I argue that contact with a co‐ethnic encourages an enhanced ethnic identity compared to contact with a non‐co‐ethnic. This is most likely to hold where identities are more ethnic and less national, as in many African countries, thus creating a sense of trust among co‐ethnics. To test this claim, I conducted a field experiment with participants from the West African countries of Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal using two designs to test my claims including if enumerators and participants share an ethnic identity established directly with face‐to‐face contact, and indirectly with enumerators employing ethnic sounding names. Social contact in which ethnicity is shared increases identification with one's ethnic group. Not sharing an ethnic identity does not increase the chances of a national identity. Variation by ethnic groups is strongest for members of groups who have recently lost political power or are marginalized. Sharing an ethnic identity affects political views. These findings contribute to our understanding about the potential for contact to affect prejudice and bias, and they raise issues about data collection done with personal contact.
Exploring emotions beyond the laboratory: A review of emotional and physiological ecological momentary assessment methods in children and youth
Authors: Sosa‐Hernandez Linda , Vogel Natasha , Frankiewicz Katelyn , Reaume Chelsea , Drew Abbey , McVey Neufeld Sadie , Thomassin Kristel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in methodologies such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and ambulatory physiology devices have enhanced our ability to measure emotions experienced in daily life. Despite the feasibility of EMA for assessing children's and youth's emotional self‐reports, the feasibility of combining it with physiological measurements in a real‐life context has yet to be established. Our scoping review evaluates the feasibility and usability of implementing emotional and physiological EMA in children and youth. Due to the complexities of physiological EMA data, this review also synthesized existing methodological and statistical practices of existing studies. Following the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, we searched and screened PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases for studies that assessed children's and youth's subjective emotions and cardiac or electrodermal physiological responses outside the laboratory. Our initial search resulted in 4174 studies, 13 of which were included in our review. Findings showed significant variability in the feasibility of physiological EMA, with physiology device wear‐time averaging 58.77% of study periods and data loss due to quality issues ranging from 0.2% to 77% across signals. Compliance for emotional EMA was approximately 60% of study periods when combined with physiological EMA. The review points to a lack of standardized procedures in physiological EMA and suggests a need for guidelines in designing, processing, and analyzing such data collected in real‐life contexts. We offer recommendations to enhance participant engagement and develop standard practices for employing physiological EMA with children and youth for emotion, developmental, and psychophysiology researchers.
Risk and benefits of expanded donor screening: A viewpoint from Germany
Authors: Fischer‐Fröhlich Carl‐Ludwig , Grossi Paolo , Rahmel Axel , Barreiros Ana‐Paula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review describes the risks and benefits of expanding screening for transmissible pathogens in deceased organ donors. The focus is on the experience and procedure in Germany to make a decision on how to proceed with a possible donor. Three issues are of interest in how screening policies impact the process with the aim of mitigating unexpected transmission risks: (1) Should we add universal or targeted nucleic acid testing to serological tests for common blood‐borne viruses (BBVs; HIV, HBV, and HCV)? (2) Which tests should be added for screening in a geographically restricted region beyond testing for these BBVs? (3) Being faced with changes (e.g., climate and population) in the own geographically restricted region, what strategies are needed before implementing new tests, and which considerations apply for proper indication to do this? Testing may only be effective when during donor characterization the appropriate conclusions are drawn from the existing findings and screening tests are initiated. This statement overlaps the need to implement universal screening for a pathogen or targeted screening based on the risk that the donor has acquired the transmissible pathogen or is not as possible to identify by current methods of clinical judgment and/or specific tests.
Management of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci and daptomycin‐resistant Enterococci infections in liver transplant recipients in a single academic center
Authors: Barajas‐Ochoa Aldo , Hess Olivia , Smith Tucker , Ambrosio Matthew , Morales Megan , Yakubu Idris , Thomas Lora , Bruno David , Vissichelli Nicole 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionVancomycin‐resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant (LT) recipients. Management is challenging, especially in the setting of daptomycin resistance (DR).MethodsSingle‐center retrospective review of patients who underwent LT between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, and developed VRE infections. Descriptive statistics were used and Kaplan‐Meier curves estimated freedom from treatment failure and survival.ResultsForty‐two patients (median age 58; 64% female; 67% white) were included. Alcohol‐related cirrhosis (48%) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (31%) were the most common indications for LT, and most were from deceased donors (86%). VRE infection occurred at a median of 21 days after LT, and 16% had known prior VRE colonization. Common infection sites were blood (45%, n = 19), intraabdominal (36%, n = 15), and urine (36%, n = 15). Most were initially treated with daptomycin alone (64%) or in combination with other agents (21%); 7% received linezolid alone. Twelve (29%) developed breakthrough infections during treatment and 11 (26%) had recurrent infections after discontinuation of treatment. All‐cause mortality was 36% (n = 15) at a median of 90 days after VRE infection diagnosis and was nearly twice as high in patients with DR (63%).ConclusionVRE infection in LT recipients relapsed or recurred in over 25%. Mortality was high, especially in cases with DR. More data is needed to establish an optimal treatment approach, particularly for relapse and DR.
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