bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas may benefit from expanded hypercoagulability and cancer screening
Authors: Polster Sean P. , Zeineddine Hussein A. , Baron Joseph , Lee Seon-Kyu , Awad Issam A. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVECranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been associated with dural sinus occlusion, and previous reports have suggested the association of hypercoagulability with some cases. But the prevalence of a hypercoagulable state has not been systematically analyzed in conjunction with laboratory markers and clinical manifestations, including history of thromboembolism or systemic malignancy. The authors hypothesize that laboratory or clinical evidence of a hypercoagulable state, including cancer, is commonly identifiable in consecutively identified patients with DAVFs, with implications for clinical management.METHODSThe retrospective cohort study included all patients older than 17 years with cranial DAVFs diagnosed at University of Chicago Medicine during a 6-year period, whose medical records and imaging results were reviewed for objective laboratory or clinical evidence of a hypercoagulable state, including malignancy. Each case was analyzed for implications on clinical management. Data were analyzed in relation to a systematic review of the literature on this association.RESULTSFifteen (88%) of 17 cases of DAVFs had laboratory (n = 8) or clinical evidence of a hypercoagulable state (thromboembolism [n = 8] or cancer [n = 6]). This hypercoagulability or cancer impacted clinical care in all 15 cases.CONCLUSIONSAn underlying hypercoagulable state manifested by laboratory testing or clinically, including cancer, is staggeringly common. It is important to recognize this association, along with its impact on the management of the DAVFs and systemic diseases.
Development, characterization, and cross‐amplification of 16 microsatellite primers for Atriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae)1
Authors: Kondrysová Eva , Krak Karol , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: November 2017

Premise of the study:Microsatellite primers were developed to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of the annual herb Atriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae) and to facilitate ecological and evolutionary studies of A. tatarica and its relatives.Methods and Results:Sixteen novel microsatellite primers were developed for A. tatarica based on high‐throughput sequencing of enriched libraries. All markers were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from three to 25 and observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.08 to 0.74 and 0.10 to 0.87, respectively. In addition, some of these loci were successfully amplified and showed polymorphisms in four Atriplex and seven Chenopodium species.Conclusions:The microsatellite markers published here will be useful in assessing genetic diversity, structure, and gene flow within and across populations of A. tatarica, as well as in other species of Atriplex and the related genus Chenopodium.
Mid-infrared Flare of TDE Candidate PS16dtm: Dust Echo and Implications for the Spectral Evolution
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Tinggui , Yan Lin , Xiao Ting , Yang Chenwei , Dou Liming , Wang Huiyuan , Cutri Roc , Mainzer Amy 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
PS16dtm was classified as a candidate tidal disruption event in a dwarf Seyfert 1 galaxy with a low-mass black hole (

) and has presented various intriguing photometric and spectra characteristics. Using the archival Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the newly released NEOWISE data, we found that PS16dtm is experiencing a mid-infrared (MIR) flare that started ∼11 days before the first optical detection. Interpreting the MIR flare as a dust echo requires close pre-existing dust with a high covering factor and suggests that the optical flare may have brightened slowly for some time before it became bright detectable from the ground. More evidence is given at the later epochs. At the peak of the optical light curve, the new inner radius of the dust torus has grown to a much larger size (i.e., a factor of seven of the initial radius) due to the strong radiation field. At ∼150 days after the first optical detection, the dust temperature has dropped well below the sublimation temperature. Other peculiar spectral features shown by PS16dtm are the transient, prominent Fe ii emission lines and outflows indicated by broad absorption lines detected during the optical flare. Our model explains the enhanced Fe ii emission from iron that is newly released from the evaporated dust. The observed broad absorption line outflow could be explained by accelerated gas in the dust torus due to the radiation pressure.
Magnetic Modeling of Inflated Low-mass Stars Using Interior Fields No Larger than ∼10 kG
Authors: MacDonald James , Mullan D. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We have previously reported on models of low-mass stars in which the presence of inflated radii is ascribed to magnetic fields that impede the onset of convection. Some of our magneto-convection models have been criticized because, when they were first reported by Mullan & MacDonald, the deep interior fields were found to be very large (50–100 MG). Such large fields are now known to be untenable. For example, Browning et al. used stability arguments to suggest that interior fields in low-mass stars cannot be larger than ∼1 MG. Moreover, 3D models of turbulent stellar dynamos suggest that fields generated in low-mass interiors may be not much stronger than 10–20 kG. In the present paper, we present magneto-convective models of inflated low-mass stars in which the interior fields are not permitted to be stronger than 10 kG. These models are used to fit empirical data for 15 low-mass stars for which precise masses and radii have been measured. We show that our 10 kG magneto-convective models can replicate the empirical radii and effective temperatures for 14 of the stars. In the case of the remaining star (in the Praesepe cluster), two different solutions have been reported in the literature. We find that one of these solutions can be fitted well with our model using the nominal age of Praesepe (800 Myr). However, the second solution cannot be fitted unless the star’s age is assumed to be much younger (∼150 Myr).
Magnetic Reconnection as a Driver for a Sub-ion-scale Cascade in Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Franci Luca , Cerri Silvio Sergio , Califano Francesco , Landi Simone , Papini Emanuele , Verdini Andrea , Matteini Lorenzo , Jenko Frank , Hellinger Petr 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A new path for the generation of a sub-ion-scale cascade in collisionless space and astrophysical plasma turbulence, triggered by magnetic reconnection, is uncovered by means of high-resolution two-dimensional hybrid-kinetic simulations employing two complementary approaches, Lagrangian and Eulerian, and different driving mechanisms. The simulation results provide clear numerical evidence that the development of power-law energy spectra below the so-called ion break occurs as soon as the first magnetic reconnection events take place, regardless of the actual state of the turbulent cascade at MHD scales. In both simulations, the reconnection-mediated small-scale energy spectrum of parallel magnetic fluctuations exhibits a very stable spectral slope of

, whether or not a large-scale turbulent cascade has already fully developed. Once a quasi-stationary turbulent state is achieved, the spectrum of the total magnetic fluctuations settles toward a spectral index of

in the MHD range and of

at sub-ion scales.
Signatures of Nitrogen Chemistry in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
Authors: MacDonald Ryan J. , Madhusudhan Nikku 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Inferences of molecular compositions of exoplanetary atmospheres have generally focused on carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-bearing molecules. Recently, additional absorption in Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) transmission spectra around 1.55 μm has been attributed to nitrogen-bearing chemical species: NH3 or HCN. These species, if present in significant abundance, would be strong indicators of disequilibrium chemical processes—e.g., vertical mixing and photochemistry. The derived N abundance, in turn, could also place important constraints on planetary formation mechanisms. Here, we examine the detectability of nitrogen chemistry in exoplanetary atmospheres. In addition to the WFC3 bandpass (1.1–1.7 μm), we find that observations in the K-band at ∼2.2 μm, achievable with present ground-based telescopes, sample a strong NH3 feature, while observations at ∼3.1 μm and ∼4.0 μm sample strong HCN features. In anticipation of such observations, we predict absorption feature amplitudes due to nitrogen chemistry in the 1–5 μm spectral range possible for a typical hot Jupiter. Finally, we conduct atmospheric retrievals of nine hot Jupiter transmission spectra in search of near-infrared absorption features suggestive of nitrogen chemistry. We report weak detections of NH3 in WASP-31b (2.2σ), HCN in WASP-63b (2.3σ), and excess absorption that could be attributed to NH3 in HD 209458b. High-precision observations from 1 to 5 μm (e.g., with the James Webb Space Telescope) will enable definitive detections of nitrogen chemistry, in turn serving as powerful diagnostics of disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry and planetary formation processes.
Phrase averbale, phrase nominale ? La constellation sémitique
Authors: Ehlich Konrad 
Published: November 2017

Résumé La discussion sur les phrases sans prédicats verbaux met l’accent sur un phénomène syntaxique peu étudié dans la grammaire traditionnelle. Dans le cadre de l’étude des « phrases nominales », l’absence d’une forme verbale conjuguée représente le plus souvent le critère central pour l’analyse de ce type de syntagmes. La présente analyse confronte les catégories traditionnelles à des structures inhabituelles dont le traitement n’est pas simple. Dans le cas de la syntaxe des langues sémitiques, avec les particularités de ses types de phrase nominale, le défi se fait encore plus évident. L’article présente une phénoménologie de la phrase nominale sémitique à l’exemple de l’hébreu et discute les conséquences pour la structuration générale du système syntaxique. L’argumentation s’appuie également sur une référence à la conception de la phrase nominale de Benveniste.
NFAT5-Regulated Macrophage Polarization Supports the Proinflammatory Function of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes
Authors: Tellechea Mónica , Buxadé Maria , Tejedor Sonia , Aramburu Jose , López-Rodríguez Cristina 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Macrophages are exquisite sensors of tissue homeostasis that can rapidly switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory or regulatory modes to respond to perturbations in their microenvironment. This functional plasticity involves a precise orchestration of gene expression patterns whose transcriptional regulators have not been fully characterized. We had previously identified the transcription factor NFAT5 as an activator of TLR-induced responses, and in this study we explore its contribution to macrophage functions in different polarization settings. We found that both in classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, NFAT5 enhanced functions associated with a proinflammatory profile such as bactericidal capacity and the ability to promote Th1 polarization over Th2 responses. In this regard, NFAT5 upregulated the Th1-stimulatory cytokine IL-12 in classically activated macrophages, whereas in alternatively polarized ones it enhanced the expression of the pro-Th1 mediators Fizz-1 and arginase 1, indicating that it could promote proinflammatory readiness by regulating independent genes in differently polarized macrophages. Finally, adoptive transfer assays in vivo revealed a reduced antitumor capacity in NFAT5-deficient macrophages against syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma and ID8 ovarian carcinoma cells, a defect that in the ID8 model was associated with a reduced accumulation of effector CD8 T cells at the tumor site. Altogether, detailed analysis of the effect of NFAT5 in pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages uncovered its ability to regulate distinct genes under both polarization modes and revealed its predominant role in promoting proinflammatory macrophage functions.
The Loss of TET2 Promotes CD8+ T Cell Memory Differentiation
Authors: Carty Shannon A. , Gohil Mercy , Banks Lauren B. , Cotton Renee M. , Johnson Matthew E. , Stelekati Erietta , Wells Andrew D. , Wherry E. John , Koretzky Gary A. , Jordan Martha S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
T cell differentiation requires appropriate regulation of DNA methylation. In this article, we demonstrate that the methylcytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation (TET)2 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation. In a murine model of acute viral infection, TET2 loss promotes early acquisition of a memory CD8+ T cell fate in a cell-intrinsic manner without disrupting Ag-driven cell expansion or effector function. Upon secondary recall, TET2-deficient memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate superior pathogen control. Genome-wide methylation analysis identified a number of differentially methylated regions in TET2-deficient versus wild-type CD8+ T cells. These differentially methylated regions did not occur at the loci of differentially expressed memory markers; rather, several hypermethylated regions were identified in known transcriptional regulators of CD8+ T cell memory fate. Together, these data demonstrate that TET2 is an important regulator of CD8+ T cell fate decisions.
The Role of MHC-E in T Cell Immunity Is Conserved among Humans, Rhesus Macaques, and Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Wu Helen L. , Wiseman Roger W. , Hughes Colette M. , Webb Gabriela M. , Abdulhaqq Shaheed A. , Bimber Benjamin N. , Hammond Katherine B. , Reed Jason S. , Gao Lina , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Greene Justin M. , Ferrer Fidel , Legasse Alfred W. , Axthelm Michael K. , Park Byung S. , Brackenridge Simon , Maness Nicholas J. , McMichael Andrew J. , Picker Louis J. , O’Connor David H. , Hansen Scott G. , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
MHC-E is a highly conserved nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule that predominantly binds and presents MHC class Ia leader sequence-derived peptides for NK cell regulation. However, MHC-E also binds pathogen-derived peptide Ags for presentation to CD8+ T cells. Given this role in adaptive immunity and its highly monomorphic nature in the human population, HLA-E is an attractive target for novel vaccine and immunotherapeutic modalities. Development of HLA-E–targeted therapies will require a physiologically relevant animal model that recapitulates HLA-E–restricted T cell biology. In this study, we investigated MHC-E immunobiology in two common nonhuman primate species, Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) and Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM). Compared to humans and MCM, RM expressed a greater number of MHC-E alleles at both the population and individual level. Despite this difference, human, RM, and MCM MHC-E molecules were expressed at similar levels across immune cell subsets, equivalently upregulated by viral pathogens, and bound and presented identical peptides to CD8+ T cells. Indeed, SIV-specific, Mamu-E–restricted CD8+ T cells from RM recognized antigenic peptides presented by all MHC-E molecules tested, including cross-species recognition of human and MCM SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Thus, MHC-E is functionally conserved among humans, RM, and MCM, and both RM and MCM represent physiologically relevant animal models of HLA-E–restricted T cell immunobiology.
Amplifying IFN-γ Signaling in Dendritic Cells by CD11c-Specific Loss of SOCS1 Increases Innate Immunity to Infection while Decreasing Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Alice Alejandro F. , Kramer Gwen , Bambina Shelly , Baird Jason R. , Bahjat Keith S. , Gough Michael J. , Crittenden Marka R. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Although prophylactic vaccines provide protective humoral immunity against infectious agents, vaccines that elicit potent CD8 T cell responses are valuable tools to shape and drive cellular immunity against cancer and intracellular infection. In particular, IFN-γ–polarized cytotoxic CD8 T cell immunity is considered optimal for protective immunity against intracellular Ags. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 is a cross-functional negative regulator of TLR and cytokine receptor signaling via degradation of the receptor–signaling complex. We hypothesized that loss of SOCS1 in dendritic cells (DCs) would improve T cell responses by accentuating IFN-γ–directed immune responses. We tested this hypothesis using a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes vaccine platform that targets CD11c+ DCs in mice in which SOCS1 is selectively deleted in all CD11c+ cells. Unexpectedly, in mice lacking SOCS1 expression in CD11c+ cells, we observed a decrease in CD8+ T cell response to the L. monocytogenes vaccine. NK cell responses were also decreased in mice lacking SOCS1 expression in CD11c+ cells but did not explain the defect in CD8+ T cell immunity. We found that DCs lacking SOCS1 expression were functional in driving Ag-specific CD8+ T cell expansion in vitro but that this process was defective following infection in vivo. Instead, monocyte-derived innate TNF-α and inducible NO synthase–producing DCs dominated the antibacterial response. Thus, loss of SOCS1 in CD11c+ cells skewed the balance of immune response to infection by increasing innate responses while decreasing Ag-specific adaptive responses to infectious Ags.
Aerosol emissions factors from traditional biomass cookstoves in India: insights from field measurements
Authors: Pandey Apoorva , Patel Sameer , Pervez Shamsh , Tiwari Suresh , Yadama Gautam , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Biswas Pratim , Chakrabarty Rajan K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Residential solid biomass cookstoves are important sources of aerosol emissions in India. Cookstove emissions rates are largely based on laboratory experiments conducted using the standard water-boiling test, but real-world emissions are often higher owing to different stove designs, fuels, and cooking methods. Constraining mass emissions factors (EFs) for prevalent cookstoves is important because they serve as inputs to bottom-up emissions inventories used to evaluate health and climate impacts. Real-world EFs were measured during winter 2015 for a traditional cookstove (chulha) burning fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung from different regions of India. Average (±95 % confidence interval) EFs for fuel wood, agricultural residue, and dung were (1) PM2.5 mass: 10.5 (7.7–13.4) g kg−1, 11.1 (7.7–15.5) g kg−1, and 22.6 (14.9–32.9) g kg−1, respectively; (2) elemental carbon (EC): 0.9 (0.6–1.4) g kg−1, 1.6 (0.6–3.0) g kg−1, and 1.0 (0.4–2.0) g kg−1, respectively; and (3) organic carbon (OC): 4.9 (3.2–7.1) g kg−1, 7.0 (3.5–12.5) g kg−1, and 12.9 (4.2–15.01) g kg−1, respectively. The mean (±95 % confidence interval) OC ∕ EC mass ratios were 6.5 (4.5–9.1), 7.6 (4.4–12.2), and 12.7 (6.5–23.3), respectively, with OC and EC quantified by the IMPROVE_A thermal-optical reflectance protocol. These real-world EFs are higher than those from previous laboratory-based measurements. Combustion conditions have larger effects on EFs than the fuel types. We also report the carbon mass fractions of our aerosol samples determined using the thermal-optical reflectance method. The mass fraction profiles are consistent between the three fuel categories but markedly different from those reported in past literature – including the source profiles for wood stove PM2.5 emissions developed as inputs to receptor modeling studies conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. Thermally stable OC (OC3 in the IMPROVE_A protocol) contributed nearly 50 % of the total carbon mass for emissions from all fuels.
Comparative assessment of GRASP algorithm for a dust event over Granada (Spain) during ChArMEx-ADRIMED 2013 campaign
Authors: Benavent-Oltra Jose A. , Román Roberto , Granados-Muñoz María J. , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Denjean Cyrielle , Lopatin Anton , Lyamani Hassan , Torres Benjamin , Guerrero-Rascado Juan L. , Fuertes David , Dubovik Oleg , Chaikovsky Anatoli , Olmo Francisco J. , Mallet Marc , Alados-Arboledas Lucas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, vertical profiles and column-integrated aerosol properties retrieved by the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) algorithm are evaluated with in situ airborne measurements made during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED field campaign in summer 2013. In the framework of this campaign, two different flights took place over Granada (Spain) during a desert dust episode on 16 and 17 June. The GRASP algorithm, which combines lidar and sun–sky photometer data measured at Granada, was used to retrieve aerosol properties. Two sun-photometer datasets are used: one co-located with the lidar system and the other in the Cerro Poyos station, approximately 1200 m higher than the lidar system but at a short horizontal distance. Column-integrated aerosol microphysical properties retrieved by GRASP are compared with AERONET products showing a good agreement. Differences between GRASP retrievals and airborne extinction profiles are in the range of 15 to 30 %, depending on the instrument on board the aircraft used as reference. On 16 June, a case where the dust layer was coupled to the aerosol layer close to surface, the total volume concentration differences between in situ data and GRASP retrieval are 15 and 36 % for Granada and Cerro Poyos retrievals, respectively. In contrast, on 17 June the dust layer was decoupled from the aerosol layer close to the surface, and the differences are around 17 % for both retrievals. In general, all the discrepancies found are within the uncertainly limits, showing the robustness and reliability of the GRASP algorithm. However, the better agreement found for the Cerro Poyos retrieval with the aircraft data and the vertical homogeneity of certain properties retrieved with GRASP, such as the scattering Ångström exponent, for cases with aerosol layers characterized by different aerosol types, shows that uncertainties in the vertical distribution of the aerosol properties have to be considered. The comparison presented here between GRASP and other algorithms (i.e. AERONET and LIRIC) and with airborne in situ measurements shows the potential to retrieve the optical and microphysical profiles of the atmospheric aerosol properties. Also, the advantage of GRASP versus LIRIC is that GRASP does not assume the results of the AERONET inversion as a starting point.
Reconstructing Late Holocene North Atlantic atmospheric circulation changes using functional paleoclimate networks
Authors: Franke Jasper G. , Werner Johannes P. , Donner Reik V. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Obtaining reliable reconstructions of long-term atmospheric circulation changes in the North Atlantic region presents a persistent challenge to contemporary paleoclimate research, which has been addressed by a multitude of recent studies. In order to contribute a novel methodological aspect to this active field, we apply here evolving functional network analysis, a recently developed tool for studying temporal changes of the spatial co-variability structure of the Earth's climate system, to a set of Late Holocene paleoclimate proxy records covering the last two millennia. The emerging patterns obtained by our analysis are related to long-term changes in the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation in the region, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). By comparing the time-dependent inter-regional linkage structures of the obtained functional paleoclimate network representations to a recent multi-centennial NAO reconstruction, we identify co-variability between southern Greenland, Svalbard, and Fennoscandia as being indicative of a positive NAO phase, while connections from Greenland and Fennoscandia to central Europe are more pronounced during negative NAO phases. By drawing upon this correspondence, we use some key parameters of the evolving network structure to obtain a qualitative reconstruction of the NAO long-term variability over the entire Common Era (last 2000 years) using a linear regression model trained upon the existing shorter reconstruction.