bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene–ferroelectric metadevices for nonvolatile memory and reconfigurable logic-gate operations
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Kim Hyeon-Don , Kim Teun-Teun , Park Hyun-Sung , Lee Kanghee , Choi Hyun Joo , Lee Seung Hoon , Son Jaehyeon , Park Namkyoo , Min Bumki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMemory metamaterials are artificial media that sustain transformed electromagnetic properties without persistent external stimuli. Previous memory metamaterials were realized with phase-change materials, such as vanadium dioxide or chalcogenide glasses, which exhibit memory behaviour with respect to electrically/optically induced thermal stimuli. However, they require a thermally isolated environment for longer retention or strong optical pump for phase-change. Here we demonstrate electrically programmable nonvolatile memory metadevices realised by the hybridization of graphene, a ferroelectric and meta-atoms/meta-molecules, and extend the concept further to establish reconfigurable logic-gate metadevices. For a memory metadevice having a single electrical input, amplitude, phase and even the polarization multi-states were clearly distinguishable with a retention time of over 10 years at room temperature. Furthermore, logic-gate functionalities were demonstrated with reconfigurable logic-gate metadevices having two electrical inputs, with each connected to separate ferroelectric layers that act as the multi-level controller for the doping level of the sandwiched graphene layer.
Demonstration of a near-IR line-referenced electro-optical laser frequency comb for precision radial velocity measurements in astronomy
Authors: Yi X. , Vahala K. , Li J. , Diddams S. , Ycas G. , Plavchan P. , Leifer S. , Sandhu J. , Vasisht G. , Chen P. , Gao P. , Gagne J. , Furlan E. , Bottom M. , Martin E. C. , Fitzgerald M. P. , Doppmann G. , Beichman C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn important technique for discovering and characterizing planets beyond our solar system relies upon measurement of weak Doppler shifts in the spectra of host stars induced by the influence of orbiting planets. A recent advance has been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references. Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequencies and they offer extreme accuracy and spectral grasp that can potentially revolutionize exoplanet detection. Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atomic reference. In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typical astronomical grating spectrographs. Built using commercial off-the-shelf components, the instrument is relatively simple and reliable. Proof of concept experiments operated at near-infrared wavelengths were carried out at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Keck-II telescope.
Pd(II)-catalysed meta-C–H functionalizations of benzoic acid derivatives
Authors: Li Shangda , Cai Lei , Ji Huafang , Yang Long , Li Gang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBenzoic acids are highly important structural motifs in drug molecules and natural products. Selective C–H bond functionalization of benzoic acids will provide synthetically useful tools for step-economical organic synthesis. Although directortho-C–H functionalizations of benzoic acids or their derivatives have been intensely studied, the ability to activatemeta-C–H bond of benzoic acids or their derivatives in a general manner via transition-metal catalysis has been largely unsuccessful. Although chelation-assistedmeta-C–H functionalization of electron-rich arenes was reported, chelation-assistedmeta-C–H activation of electron-poor arenes such as benzoic acid derivatives remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a general protocol formeta-C–H olefination of benzoic acid derivatives using a nitrile-based sulfonamide template. A broad range of benzoic acid derivatives aremeta-selectively olefinated using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Themeta-C–H acetoxylation, product of which is further transformed at themeta-position, is also reported.
Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood–brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury
Authors: Shi Yejie , Zhang Lili , Pu Hongjian , Mao Leilei , Hu Xiaoming , Jiang Xiaoyan , Xu Na , Stetler R. Anne , Zhang Feng , Liu Xiangrong , Leak Rehana K. , Keep Richard F. , Ji Xunming , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe mechanism and long-term consequences of early blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury are poorly understood. Here we discover that I/R induces subtle BBB leakage within 30–60 min, likely independent of gelatinase B/MMP-9 activities. The early BBB disruption is caused by the activation of ROCK/MLC signalling, persistent actin polymerization and the disassembly of junctional proteins within microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, the EC alterations facilitate subsequent infiltration of peripheral immune cells, including MMP-9-producing neutrophils/macrophages, resulting in late-onset, irreversible BBB damage. Inactivation of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) causes sustained actin polymerization in ECs, whereas EC-targeted overexpression of constitutively active mutant ADF reduces actin polymerization and junctional protein disassembly, attenuates both early- and late-onset BBB impairment, and improves long-term histological and neurological outcomes. Thus, we identify a previously unexplored role for early BBB disruption in stroke outcomes, whereby BBB rupture may be a cause rather than a consequence of parenchymal cell injury.
Not so simple, not so subtle: the interspecies competition between Bacillus simplex and Bacillus subtilis and its impact on the evolution of biofilms
Authors: Rosenberg Gili , Steinberg Nitai , Oppenheimer-Shaanan Yaara , Olender Tsvia , Doron Shany , Ben-Ari Julius , Sirota-Madi Alexandra , Bloom-Ackermann Zohar , Kolodkin-Gal Ilana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBacillus subtilisbiofilms have a fundamental role in shaping the soil ecosystem. During this process, they unavoidably interact with neighbour bacterial species. We studied the interspecies interactions between biofilms of the soil-residing bacteriaB. subtilisand relatedBacillusspecies. We found that proximity between the biofilms triggered recruitment of motileB. subtiliscells, which engulfed the competingBacillus simplexcolony. Upon interaction,B. subtilissecreted surfactin and cannibalism toxins, at concentrations that were inert toB. subtilisitself, which eliminated theB. simplexcolony, as well as colonies ofBacillus toyonensis. Surfactin toxicity was correlated with the presence of short carbon-tail length isomers, and synergistic with the cannibalism toxins. Importantly, during biofilm development and interspecies interactions a subpopulation inB. subtilisbiofilm lost its native plasmid, leading to increased virulence against the competingBacillusspecies. Overall, these findings indicate that genetic programs and traits that have little effect on biofilm development when each species is grown in isolation have a dramatic impact when different bacterial species interact.
Intravenous immune globulin suppresses angiogenesis in mice and humans
Authors: Yasuma Reo , Cicatiello Valeria , Mizutani Takeshi , Tudisco Laura , Kim Younghee , Tarallo Valeria , Bogdanovich Sasha , Hirano Yoshio , Kerur Nagaraj , Li Shengjian , Yasuma Tetsuhiro , Fowler Benjamin J , Wright Charles B , Apicella Ivana , Greco Adelaide , Brunetti Arturo , Ambati Balamurali K , Helmers Sevim Barbasso , Lundberg Ingrid E , Viklicky Ondrej , Leusen Jeanette HW , Verbeek J Sjef , Gelfand Bradley D , Bastos-Carvalho Ana , De Falco Sandro , Ambati Jayakrishna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman intravenous immune globulin (IVIg), a purified IgG fraction composed of ~60% IgG1 and obtained from the pooled plasma of thousands of donors, is clinically used for a wide range of diseases. The biological actions of IVIg are incompletely understood and have been attributed both to the polyclonal antibodies therein and also to their IgG (IgG) Fc regions. Recently, we demonstrated that multiple therapeutic human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner via FcγRI, a high-affinity receptor for IgG1. Here we show that IVIg possesses similar anti-angiogenic activity and inhibited blood vessel growth in five different mouse models of prevalent human diseases, namely, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, corneal neovascularization, colorectal cancer, fibrosarcoma and peripheral arterial ischemic disease. Angioinhibition was mediated by the Fc region of IVIg, required FcγRI and had similar potency in transgenic mice expressing human FcγRs. Finally, IVIg therapy administered to humans for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases reduced kidney and muscle blood vessel densities. These data place IVIg, an agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, as a novel angioinhibitory drug in doses that are currently administered in the clinical setting. In addition, they raise the possibility of an unintended effect of IVIg on blood vessels.
Col4a1 mutations cause progressive retinal neovascular defects and retinopathy
Authors: Alavi Marcel V. , Mao Mao , Pawlikowski Bradley T. , Kvezereli Manana , Duncan Jacque L. , Libby Richard T. , John Simon W. M. , Gould Douglas B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMutations in collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), a major component of basement membranes, cause multisystem disorders in humans and mice. In the eye, these include anterior segment dysgenesis, optic nerve hypoplasia and retinal vascular tortuosity. Here we investigate the retinal pathology in mice carrying dominant-negative Col4a1 mutations. To this end, we examined retinas longitudinally in vivo using fluorescein angiography, funduscopy and optical coherence tomography. We assessed retinal function by electroretinography and studied the retinal ultrastructural pathology. Retinal examinations revealed serous chorioretinopathy, retinal hemorrhages, fibrosis or signs of pathogenic angiogenesis with chorioretinal anastomosis in up to approximately 90% of Col4a1 mutant eyes depending on age and the specific mutation. To identify the cell-type responsible for pathogenesis we generated a conditional Col4a1 mutation and determined that primary vascular defects underlie Col4a1-associated retinopathy. We also found focal activation of Müller cells and increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors in retinas from Col4a1+/Δex41mice. Together, our findings suggest that patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations may be at elevated risk of retinal hemorrhages and that retinal examinations may be useful for identifying patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations who are also at elevated risk of hemorrhagic strokes.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mediated cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer by promoting ceramide synthesis
Authors: Chen Ling , Ren Jie , Yang Longhe , Li Yanting , Fu Jin , Li Yuhang , Tian Yifeng , Qiu Funan , Liu Zuguo , Qiu Yan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) has been found to effectively suppress tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in numerous neoplastic lesions. However, mechanism underlying SCD1-mediated anti-tumor effect has maintained unclear. Herein, we reported endo-lipid messenger ceramides played a critical role in tumor fate modulated by SCD1 inhibition. In vitro study in colorectal cancer cells demonstrated inhibition of SCD1 activity promoted apoptosis attributed to mitochondria dysfunctions, upregulation of reaction oxygen species (ROS), alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and translocation of mitochondrial protein cytochrome C. While these effects were mediated by intracellular ceramide signals through induction of ceramide biosynthesis, rather than exclusive SFA accumulation. In vivo study in xenograft colorectal cancer mice showed pharmacologic administration of SCD1 inhibitor A939 significantly delayed tumor growth, which was reversed by L-cycloserine, an inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis. These results depicted the cross-talk of SCD1-mediated lipid pathway and endo-ceramide biosynthesis pathway, indicating roles of ceramide signals in SCD1-mediated anti-tumor property.
Secreted Thrombospondin-1 Regulates Macrophage Interleukin-1β Production and Activation through CD47
Authors: Stein Erica V. , Miller Thomas W. , Ivins-O’Keefe Kelly , Kaur Sukhbir , Roberts David D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThrombospondin-1 regulates inflammation by engaging several cell surface receptors and by modulating activities of other secreted factors. We have uncovered a novel role of thrombospondin-1 in modulating production and activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β by human and murine macrophages. Physiological concentrations of thrombospondin-1 limit the induction by lipopolysaccharide of IL-1β mRNA and total protein production by human macrophages. This inhibition can be explained by the ability of thrombospondin-1 to disrupt the interaction between CD47 and CD14, thereby limiting activation of NFκB/AP-1 by lipopolysaccharide. Only the CD47-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 exhibits this activity. In contrast, CD47, CD36 and integrin-binding domains of thrombospondin-1 independently enhance the inflammasome-dependent maturation of IL-1β in human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Correspondingly, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages that lack either thrombospondin-1 or CD47 exhibit diminished induction of mature IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide. Lack of CD47 also limits lipopolysaccharide induction of IL-1β, NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNAs. These data demonstrate that thrombospondin-1 exerts CD47-dependent and -independent pro-and anti-inflammatory effects on the IL-1β pathway. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 and its receptor CD47 may be useful targets for limiting the pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide and for treating endotoxemia.
Capture and On-chip analysis of Melanoma Cells Using Tunable Surface Shear forces
Authors: Tsao Simon Chang-Hao , Vaidyanathan Ramanathan , Dey Shuvashis , Carrascosa Laura G. , Christophi Christopher , Cebon Jonathan , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Behren Andreas , Trau Matt 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWith new systemic therapies becoming available for metastatic melanoma such as BRAF and PD-1 inhibitors, there is an increasing demand for methods to assist with treatment selection and response monitoring. Quantification and characterisation of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) has been regarded as an excellent non-invasive candidate but a sensitive and efficient tool to do these is lacking. Herein we demonstrate a microfluidic approach for melanoma cell capture and subsequent on-chip evaluation of BRAF mutation status. Our approach utilizes a recently discovered alternating current electrohydrodynamic (AC-EHD)-induced surface shear forces, referred to as nanoshearing. A key feature of nanoshearing is the ability to agitate fluid to encourage contact with surface-bound antibody for the cell capture whilst removing nonspecific cells from the surface. By adjusting the AC-EHD force to match the binding affinity of antibodies against the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP), a commonly expressed melanoma antigen, this platform achieved an average recovery of 84.7% from biological samples. Subsequent staining with anti-BRAFV600E specific antibody enabled on-chip evaluation of BRAFV600E mutation status in melanoma cells. We believe that the ability of nanoshearing-based capture to enumerate melanoma cells and subsequent on-chip characterisation has the potential as a rapid screening tool while making treatment decisions.
Expression of terminal oxidases under nutrient-starved conditions in Shewanella oneidensis: detection of the A-type cytochrome c oxidase
Authors: Le Laz Sébastien , kpebe Arlette , Bauzan Marielle , Lignon Sabrina , Rousset Marc , Brugna Myriam 
Published: January 2016

AbstractShewanellaspecies are facultative anaerobic bacteria that colonize redox-stratified habitats where O2and nutrient concentrations fluctuate. The model speciesShewanella oneidensisMR-1 possesses genes coding for three terminal oxidases that can perform O2respiration: abd-type quinol oxidase and cytochromecoxidases of thecbb3-type and the A-type. Whereas thebd- andcbb3-type oxidases are routinely detected, evidence for the expression of the A-type enzyme has so far been lacking. Here, we investigated the effect of nutrient starvation on the expression of these terminal oxidases under different O2tensions. Our results reveal that thebd-type oxidase plays a significant role under nutrient starvation in aerobic conditions. The expression of thecbb3-type oxidase is also modulated by the nutrient composition of the medium and increases especially under iron-deficiency in exponentially growing cells. Most importantly, under conditions of carbon depletion, high O2and stationary-growth, we report for the first time the expression of the A-type oxidase inS. oneidensis,indicating that this terminal oxidase is not functionally lost. The physiological role of the A-type oxidase in energy conservation and in the adaptation ofS. oneidensisto redox-stratified environments is discussed.
Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Huang Miller , Miller Matthew L. , McHenry Lauren K. , Zheng Tina , Zhen Qiqi , Ilkhanizadeh Shirin , Conklin Bruce R. , Bronner Marianne E. , Weiss William A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeural crest cells (NCC) are stem cells that generate different lineages, including neuroendocrine, melanocytic, cartilage and bone. The differentiation potential of NCC varies according to the level from which cells emerge along the neural tube. For example, only anterior “cranial” NCC form craniofacial bone, whereas solely posterior “trunk” NCC contribute to sympathoadrenal cells. Importantly, the isolation of human fetal NCC carries ethical and scientific challenges, as NCC induction typically occur before pregnancy is detectable. As a result, current knowledge of NCC biology derives primarily from non-human organisms. Important differences between human and non-human NCC, such as expression of HNK1 in human but not mouse NCC, suggest a need to study human NCC directly. Here, we demonstrate that current protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) to NCC are biased toward cranial NCC. Addition of retinoic acid drove trunk-related markers and HOX genes characteristic of a posterior identity. Subsequent treatment with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) enhanced differentiation to sympathoadrenal cells. Our approach provides methodology for detailed studies of human NCC and clarifies roles for retinoids and BMPs in the differentiation of human PSC to trunk NCC and to sympathoadrenal lineages.
Autosomal gsdf acts as a male sex initiator in the fish medaka
Authors: Zhang Xi , Guan Guijun , Li Mingyou , Zhu Feng , Liu Qizhi , Naruse Kiyoshi , Herpin Amaury , Nagahama Yoshitaka , Li Jiale , Hong Yunhan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSex is pivotal for reproduction, healthcare and evolution. In the fish medaka, the Y-chromosomal dmy (also dmrt1bY) serves the sex determiner, which activates dmrt1 for male sex maintenance. However, how dmy makes the male decision via initiating testicular differentiation has remained unknown. Here we report that autosomal gsdf serves a male sex initiator. Gene addition and deletion revealed that gsdf was necessary and sufficient for maleness via initiating testicular differentiation. We show that gsdf transcription is activated directly by dmy. These results establish the autosomal gsdf as the first male sex initiator. We propose that dmy determines maleness through activating gsdf and dmrt1 without its own participation in developmental processes of sex initiation and maintenance. gsdf may easily become a sex determiner or other autosomal genes can be recruited as new sex determiners to initiate gsdf expression. Our findings offer new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying sex development and evolution of sex-controlling genes in vertebrates.
Nonclassical light from a large number of independent single-photon emitters
Authors: Lachman Lukáš , Slodička Lukáš , Filip Radim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNonclassical quantum effects gradually reach domains of physics of large systems previously considered as purely classical. We derive a hierarchy of operational criteria suitable for a reliable detection of nonclassicality of light from an arbitrarily large ensemble of independent single-photon emitters. We show, that such large ensemble can always emit nonclassical light without any phase reference and under realistic experimental conditions including incoherent background noise. The nonclassical light from the large ensemble of the emitters can be witnessed much better than light coming from a single or a few emitters.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Physical Exfoliation of Aqueous-Phase Graphene for Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Structured Hybrid Electrodes
Authors: Lee Younghee , Choi Hojin , Kim Min-Sik , Noh Seonmyeong , Ahn Ki-Jin , Im Kyungun , Kwon Oh Seok , Yoon Hyeonseok 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMonodispersed polypyrrole (PPy) nanospheres were physically incorporated as guest species into stacked graphene layers without significant property degradation, thereby facilitating the formation of unique three-dimensional hybrid nanoarchitecture. The electrochemical properties of the graphene/particulate PPy (GPPy) nanohybrids were dependent on the sizes and contents of the PPy nanospheres. The nanohybrids exhibited optimum electrochemical performance in terms of redox activity, charge-transfer resistance and specific capacitance at an 8:1 PPy/graphite (graphene precursor) weight ratio. The packing density of the alternately stacked nanohybrid structure varied with the nanosphere content, indicating the potential for high volumetric capacitance. The nanohybrids also exhibited good long-term cycling stability because of a structural synergy effect. Finally, fabricated nanohybrid-based flexible all–solid state capacitor cells exhibited good electrochemical performance in an acidic electrolyte with a maximum energy density of 8.4 Wh kg−1 or 1.9 Wh L−1 at a maximum power density of 3.2 kW kg−1 or 0.7 kW L−1; these performances were based on the mass or packing density of the electrode materials.