bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin affects macrophage polarization promoting endocytic but not inflammatory properties
Authors: Schuch Karina , Wanko Bettina , Ambroz Katharina , Castelo‐Rosa Alexandra , Moreno‐Viedma Verónica , Grün Nicole G. , Leitner Lukas , Staffler Günther , Zeyda Maximilian , Stulnig Thomas M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveMacrophages are the main drivers of obesity‐induced adipose tissue (AT) inflammation that causes insulin resistance. Macrophages polarize toward different inflammatory (M1) or protective (M2) phenotypes. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory cytokine highly expressed in AT in obesity and known to be involved in chronic inflammatory processes. It was hypothesized that OPN polarizes macrophages into a proinflammatory phenotype.MethodsAT macrophages (ATMs) of OPN‐deficient (Spp1−/−) and wild‐type C57BL/6 (WT) mice with obesity and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) of Spp1−/− and WT mice as well as human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) polarized in the presence of OPN were investigated.ResultsWhile ATM infiltration was lower in Spp1−/− upon high‐fat diet, Spp1−/− ATMs expressed more M1 and less M2 markers but less tumor necrosis factor‐α compared with WT. There was no effect of OPN deficiency on BMDM polarization. In human MDMs, the presence of OPN during polarization ambiguously altered M1/M2‐related marker expression and diminished LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine production. Strikingly, phagocytic activity was elevated by the presence of OPN during polarization in both human MDMs and murine BMDMs.ConclusionsIn contradiction to our hypothesis, data indicated that OPN does not induce inflammatory macrophages but was a signal to induce phagocytosis, which may be required due to increased adipocyte death in obesity.
Endothelial function following glucose ingestion in adults with prediabetes: Role of exercise intensity
Authors: Malin Steven K. , Rynders Corey A. , Weltman Judy Y. , Jackson Roberts L. , Barrett Eugene J. , Weltman Arthur 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether high intensity exercise (HIE) would improve endothelial function more than an isocaloric bout of moderate intensity exercise (MIE) following glucose ingestion in adults with prediabetes.MethodsTwelve subjects with prediabetes completed all three conditions: time‐course matched control and isocaloric exercise (∼200 kcal) at moderate (MIE; at lactate threshold) and high intensity (HIE; 75% of difference between lactate threshold and VO2peak). Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before exercise (baseline), within 30 min postexercise, and 1 and 2 hr following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma F2‐isoprostanes were also assessed during the protocol (i.e., baseline to 2 hr OGTT) as a biomarker of oxidative stress.ResultsMIE reduced postexercise F2‐isoprostanesAUC compared with time‐course matched control and HIE. Although exercise had no statistical effect on FMD postexercise or during the OGTT, elevations in FMDAUC after MIE and HIE were associated with reduced postexercise F2‐isoprostanesAUC.ConclusionsExercise at either intensity had no effect on FMD immediately postexercise following glucose administration. However, individuals with reduced oxidative stress responses to exercise had greater exercise‐induced improvement in FMD. Further work is required to identify the mechanism by which exercise alters oxidative stress to enhance endothelial function.
Efficacy of an orlistat‐resveratrol combination for weight loss in subjects with obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arzola‐Paniagua María Angélica , García‐Salgado López Enrique Raúl , Calvo‐Vargas Cesar G. , Guevara‐Cruz Martha 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of an orlistat‐resveratrol (O‐R) combination in subjects with obesity over a 6‐month period.MethodsThis study was a double‐blind, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria (age from 20 to 60 years and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and ≤39.9 kg/m2) consumed an energy‐reduced diet with 500 fewer calories than their usual diet for 2 weeks. Then the participants were randomly assigned to four groups, placebo, resveratrol, orlistat, or O‐R, and they consumed the energy‐reduced diet for 6 months. The study consisted of seven visits. During each visit, a 24‐h recall was performed, along with measurements of anthropometric and serum biochemical parameters.ResultsA total of 161 participants were selected. Of these, 84 participants completed the study. A significant weight loss of −6.82 kg (95% CI −8.37 to −5.26) was observed in the O‐R group compared with −3.50 kg (−5.05 to −1.95, P = 0.021) in the placebo group. In contrast, the −6.02 kg (−7.68 to −4.36) orlistat and −4.68 kg (−6.64 to −2.71) resveratrol monotherapy losses did not significantly differ from the placebo. Significant decreases in BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, triglycerides, leptin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio were observed with the O‐R combination.ConclusionsThe O‐R combination was the most effective weight loss treatment.
Temperature memory effect and its stability revealed via differential scanning calorimetry in ethylene‐vinyl acetate within glass transition range
Authors: Xi Wang Tao , Min Huang Wei , Chen Hongmei , Xiao Rui , Bo Lu Hai , Feng Kang Shu 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we reveal the temperature memory effect (TME) in a commercial thermoplastic polymer, namely ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), within its glass transition range via a series of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests. In addition, we investigate the influence of heating holding time and also compare the observed TME in current study with that of shape memory alloys (SMAs). It is concluded that the TME via DSC (without any macroscopic shape change) is achievable within the glass transition range of a polymer. Conversely, although the observed TME shares the many similar features as those in SMAs, due to the nature of micro‐Brownian motion in the glass transition of polymers, the resulted TME is strongly affected by the heating holding time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1731–1737
Strain stiffening and negative normal stress in alginate hydrogels
Authors: Hashemnejad Seyed Meysam , Kundu Santanu 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAlginate hydrogels are polysaccharide biopolymer networks widely useful in biomedical and food applications. Here, we report nonlinear mechanical responses of ionically crosslinked alginate hydrogels captured using large amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. Gelation was performedin situin a rheometer and the rheological investigations on these samples captured the strain‐stiffening behavior for these gels as a function of oscillatory strain. In addition, negative normal stress was observed, which has not been reported earlier for any polysaccharide networks. The magnitude of negative normal stress increases with the applied strain amplitude and can exceed that of the shear stress at large‐strain. Fitting a constitutive relationship to the stress‐strain curves reveals that the mode of deformation involves stretching of the alginate chains and bending of both the chains and the junction zones. The contribution of bending increases near saturation ofGblocks as Ca2+concentration was increased. The results presented here provide an improved understanding of the deformation behavior of alginate hydrogels and such understanding can be extended to other crosslinked polysaccharide networks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2016,54, 1767–1775
Improving outcomes in cancer diagnosis, prevention and control: barriers, facilitators and the need for health literacy in Ibadan Nigeria
Authors: Adedimeji Adebola A. , Lounsbury David , Popoola Oluwafemi , Asuzu Chioma , Lawal Akinmayowa , Oladoyin V. , Crifase Cassandra , Agalliu Ilir , Shankar Viswanathan , Adebiyi Akindele 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundCancers constitute a significant public health problem in Nigeria. Breast, cervix and prostate cancers are leading causes of cancer‐related deaths. Changing diets, lifestyles, HIV/AIDS and macro‐structural factors contribute to cancer morbidity and mortality. Poor health information linking cancer risk to individual behaviors, environmental pollutants and structural barriers undermine prevention/control efforts. Studies suggest increasing health literacy and empowering individuals to take preventive action will improve outcomes and mitigate impact on a weak health system.MethodsWe obtained qualitative data from 80 men, women, and young adults in 11 focus groups to assess beliefs, risk‐perceptions, preventive behaviors and perceptions of barriers and facilitators to cancer control in Ibadan, Nigeria and conducted thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants demonstrated awareness of cancers and mentioned several risk factors related to individual behaviors and the environment. Nonetheless, myths and misconceptions as well as micro, meso and macro level barriers impede prevention and control efforts.ConclusionDeveloping and implementing comprehensive context‐relevant health literacy interventions in community settings are urgently needed.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational differences in likelihood of attributing breast symptoms to cancer: a vignette‐based study
Authors: Marcu Afrodita , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Black Georgia , Vedsted Peter , Whitaker Katriina L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundStage at diagnosis of breast cancer varies by socio‐economic status (SES), with lower SES associated with poorer survival. We investigated associations between SES (indexed by education), and the likelihood of attributing breast symptoms to breast cancer.MethodWe conducted an online survey with 961 women (47–92 years) with variable educational levels. Two vignettes depicted familiar and unfamiliar breast changes (axillary lump and nipple rash). Without making breast cancer explicit, women were asked ‘What do you think this […..] could be?’ After the attribution question, women were asked to indicate their level of agreement with a cancer avoidance statement (‘I would not want to know if I have breast cancer’).ResultsWomen were more likely to mention cancer as a possible cause of an axillary lump (64%) compared with nipple rash (30%). In multivariable analysis, low and mid education were independently associated with being less likely to attribute a nipple rash to cancer (OR 0.51, 0.36–0.73 and OR 0.55, 0.40–0.77, respectively). For axillary lump, low education was associated with lower likelihood of mentioning cancer as a possible cause (OR 0.58, 0.41–0.83). Although cancer avoidance was also associated with lower education, the association between education and lower likelihood of making a cancer attribution was independent.ConclusionLower education was associated with lower likelihood of making cancer attributions for both symptoms, also after adjustment for cancer avoidance. Lower likelihood of considering cancer may delay symptomatic presentation and contribute to educational differences in stage at diagnosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design strategies to address the effect of hydrophobic epitope on stability and in vitro assembly of modular virus‐like particle
Authors: Tekewe Alemu , Connors Natalie K. , Middelberg Anton P. J. , Lua Linda H. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) and capsomere subunits have shown promising potential as safe and effective vaccine candidates. They can serve as platforms for the display of foreign epitopes on their surfaces in a modular architecture. Depending on the physicochemical properties of the antigenic modules, modularization may affect the expression, solubility and stability of capsomeres, and VLP assembly. In this study, three module designs of a rotavirus hydrophobic peptide (RV10) were synthesized using synthetic biology. Among the three synthetic modules, modularization of the murine polyomavirus VP1 with a single copy of RV10 flanked by long linkers and charged residues resulted in the expression of stable modular capsomeres. Further employing the approach of module titration of RV10 modules on each capsomere via Escherichia coli co‐expression of unmodified VP1 and modular VP1‐RV10 successfully translated purified modular capomeres into modular VLPs when assembled in vitro. Our results demonstrate that tailoring the physicochemical properties of modules to enhance modular capsomeres stability is achievable through synthetic biology designs. Combined with module titration strategy to avoid steric hindrance to intercapsomere interactions, this allows bioprocessing of bacterially produced in vitro assembled modular VLPs.
Short‐term outcome of periviable small‐for‐gestational‐age babies: is our counseling up to date?
Authors: Lawin‐O'Brien A. R. , Dall'Asta A. , Knight C. , Sankaran S. , Scala C. , Khalil A. , Bhide A. , Heggarty S. , Rakow A. , Pasupathy D. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Lees C. C. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere are limited data for counseling on and management of periviable small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses. We therefore aimed to investigate the short‐term outcome of periviable SGA fetuses in relation to the likely underlying cause.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data from three London tertiary fetal medicine centers obtained between 2000 and 2015. We included viable singleton pregnancies with a severely small fetus, defined as those with an abdominal circumference ≤ 3rd percentile, identified between 22 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks' gestation. Data obtained included fetal biometry, presence of placental anomalies, uterine and fetal Doppler and neonatal outcome. We excluded cases with structural abnormalities, proven or suspected abnormal karyotype or genetic syndromes. Cases were classified according to the suspected underlying cause of the small fetal size into one of the following categories: uteroplacental insufficiency, evidence of placental damage with normal uterine artery Doppler, viral infection, or unclassied.ResultsThere were 245 cases included in the study. Of these, at diagnosis of SGA, 201 (82%) were categorized as uteroplacental cause, 13 (5%) as suspected placental cause, one (0.4%) as suspected viral cause and 30 (12%) could not be assigned to any of these categories. Overall, 101 (41%) cases survived the neonatal period; 89 (36%) underwent in-utero fetal demise, 22 (9%) died neonatally and 33 (14%) pregnancies were terminated. The diagnosis‐to‐delivery interval was 8.1 weeks in those that survived and 4.5 weeks in those that died neonatally.ConclusionsAlmost 90% of periviable SGA cases are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency or intraplacental damage. Survival is related to gestational age at delivery, with outcomes better than might be assumed at diagnosis and some pregnancies reaching term. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Preoperative Nutritional Assessment by Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) is Useful to estimate Postoperative Morbidity After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yoshida Naoya , Baba Yoshifumi , Shigaki Hironobu , Harada Kazuto , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Kurashige Junji , Sakamoto Yasuo , Miyamoto Yuji , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Kosumi Keisuke , Tokunaga Ryuma , Imamura Yu , Ida Satoshi , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Watanabe Masayuki , Baba Hideo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundA nutritional indicator suitable for predicting complications after esophagectomy has not been confirmed. The nutritional screening tool CONUT is a potential candidate.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 352 patients who underwent elective esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer between April 2005 and December 2014. Patients were divided into three groups according to the malnutrition degree in controlling nutritional status (CONUT): normal, light malnutrition, moderate or severe malnutrition.ResultsThe numbers of patients assigned to the normal, light malnutrition, and moderate or severe malnutrition groups were 205, 126, and 21, respectively. One hundred forty‐seven (41.8 %) patients were considered malnourished. Patients with moderate or severe malnutrition had a significantly high incidence of any morbidity, severe morbidities, and surgical site infection. Hospital stay in patients with moderate or severe malnutrition was significantly longer. Logistic regression analysis suggested that moderate or severe malnutrition was an independent risk factor for any morbidity [hazard ratio (HR) 2.75, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.081–7.020; p = 0.034] and severe morbidities (HR 3.07, 95 % CI 1.002–9.432; p = 0.049).ConclusionsCONUT was a convenient and useful tool to assess nutritional status before esophagectomy. Patients with moderate or severe malnutrition according to CONUT are at high risk for postoperative complications.
Global Estimation of Surgical Procedures Needed for Forcibly Displaced Persons
Authors: Zha Yuanting , Stewart Barclay , Lee Eugenia , Remick Kyle N. , Rothstein David H. , Groen Reinou S. , Burnham Gilbert , Imagawa David K. , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionSixty million people were displaced from their homes due to conflict, persecution, or human rights violations at the end of 2014. This vulnerable population bears a disproportionate burden of disease, much of which is surgically treatable. We sought to estimate the surgical needs for forcibly displaced persons globally to inform humanitarian assistance initiatives.MethodsData regarding forcibly displaced persons, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and asylum seekers were extracted from United Nations databases. Using the minimum proposed surgical rate of 4669 procedures per 100,000 persons annually, global, regional, and country‐specific estimates were calculated. The prevalence of pregnancy and obstetric complications were used to estimate obstetric surgical needs.ResultsAt least 2.78 million surgical procedures (IQR 2.58–3.15 million) were needed for 59.5 million displaced persons. Of these, 1.06 million procedures were required in North Africa and the Middle East, representing an increase of 50 % from current unmet surgical need in the region. Host countries with the highest surgical burden for the displaced included Syria (388,000 procedures), Colombia (282,000 procedures), and Iraq (187,000). Between 4 and 10 % of required procedures were obstetric surgical procedures. Children aged <18 years made up 52 % of the displaced, portending a substantial demand for pediatric surgical care.ConclusionApproximately three million procedures annually are required to meet the surgical needs of refugees, IDPs, and asylum seekers. Most displaced persons are hosted in countries with inadequate surgical care capacity. These figures should be considered when planning humanitarian assistance and targeted surgical capacity improvements.
Family economic hardship and Chinese adolescents' sleep quality: A moderated mediation model involving perceived economic discrimination and coping strategy
Authors: Bao Zhenzhou , Chen Chuansheng , Zhang Wei , Zhu Jianjun , Jiang Yanping , Lai Xuefen 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe association between family economic hardship and adolescent adjustment outcomes, including sleep quality, is well‐established. Few studies, however, have examined the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the relation between family economic hardship and adolescents' sleep quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family economic hardship on Chinese adolescents' sleep quality, as well as the role of perceived economic discrimination as a mediator and the role of coping strategy as a moderator. Survey data from a cross‐sectional sample of 997 Chinese adolescents (45% male, mean age = 15.04 years) were analyzed using path analysis in Mplus 7.0. The results of this study indicated that family economic hardship was significantly associated with adolescents' sleep quality. This association was mediated by adolescents' perceived economic discrimination. In addition, adolescents' coping strategy significantly moderated the path from perceived economic discrimination to sleep quality, with the “shift” coping strategy as a protective factor. The present study contributes to our understanding of key mechanisms underlying the association between family economic hardship and adolescent sleep quality and highlights the importance of improving sleep quality for adolescents exposed to economic hardship.
Integrating Perioperative Content in Nursing Curricula: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Byrne Michelle , Root Susan , Culbertson Laurie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPerioperative nursing care requires unique specialty knowledge, skills, and abilities. National initiatives in nursing education and health care support integrating perioperative nursing content into curricular offerings in nursing schools and health care institutions. We provide an overview of the initiatives affecting nursing education, followed by a case study example and a guide to assist educators with incorporating perioperative case studies into their education plans. These resources may enhance the integration of perioperative nursing concepts in undergraduate curricula, internships, and continuing education offerings. The purpose of this article is to provide resources for nurse educators to systematically create case studies and to encourage increased exposure to perioperative concepts and competencies in a myriad of educational environments.
An Innovative Approach to the Surgical Time Out: A Patient‐Focused Model
Authors: Kozusko Steven D. , Elkwood Lily , Gaynor Diane , Chagares Stephen A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe surgical time out is an integral component of patient safety in OR settings. At The Center for Outpatient Surgery (TCOPS), a team of nurses and plastic and breast surgeons evaluated discrepancies, wrong‐site surgeries, near misses, team communication, and patient satisfaction to develop and implement a surgical checklist that would help improve efficiency and patient safety and reduce near misses. This checklist involves the surgical team and patient, and it includes preoperative, preincision, and postoperative time outs. Since 2011, 4,453 procedures have used the preoperative and preincision timeouts. Of those, 998 have used all three when we added the postoperative component. Since the implementation of the checklist, there have been zero discrepancies and zero wrong‐site surgeries. Patients have expressed satisfaction with their inclusion in the preoperative time out. Staff members at TCOPS have noted excellent results, and the checklist can be adopted by other specialties.
Pain Management After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: McDonald Lisa T. , Corbiere Nicole C. , DeLisle Jay A. , Clark Alexander Martin , Kuxhaus Laurel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractControlling pain after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is critical to minimizing complications, decreasing costs, and expediting patients’ return to function. We implemented a TJA multimodal pain management protocol at a Level III trauma center in a small, rural community in New York. We retrospectively reviewed 266 patient charts and collected patient demographics, pain management information, and discharge data. Our primary goals were to quantify the total number of narcotic medication doses used and length of hospital stay. The multimodal pain management protocol significantly reduced the number of narcotic doses used (P < .01). Hospital length of stay decreased slightly; although not statistically significant (P = .25), this may be clinically significant. Gender, age, and type of arthroplasty (ie, knee, hip) were not significant factors. A multimodal approach to pain management after TJA can reduce narcotic use and hospital length of stay, thereby also reducing the incidence of side effects from narcotics.