bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gondou hydrothermal field in the Ryukyu Arc: A huge hydrothermal system on the flank of a caldera volcano
Authors: Minami H. , Ohara Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh‐resolution geophysical mapping was conducted from an autonomous underwater vehicle on the flank of Daisan‐Kume Knoll in the Ryukyu Arc, southwest of Japan. 1 m resolution bathymetry identified 264 spires, 173 large mounds and 268 small mounds within a depression that is up to 1600 m wide and up to 60 m deep, at water depths between 1330 and 1470 m. Hydrothermal venting is strongly inferred from the observation of plumes in sidescan sonar imagery and positive temperature anomalies over the spires and mounds. This field, named the Gondou Field, has a giant mound G1 with a diameter of 280 m and a height of 80 m. Mound G1 has distinctive summit ridges composed of multiple spires where acoustic plumes with temperature anomalies up to 1.12°C are observed, indicative of high‐temperature venting. Other than mound G1, a number of active large mounds more than 30 m wide and spires over 10–22 m tall are common and they concentrate in the central and southern areas of the field, suggesting that these areas are the center of present hydrothermal activity. Acoustic plumes imaged by side‐scan sonar at the Gondou Field are different in character from bubble plumes imaged in other hydrothermal fields in the Ryukyu Arc. The plumes are diffused and deflected as they rise through the water column and have a shape consistent with black smokers.
Seismic structure and segmentation of the axial valley of the Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center
Authors: Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Hayman Nicholas W. , Harding Jennifer L. , Grevemeyer Ingo , Peirce Christine , Dannowski Anke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report the results of a two‐dimensional tomographic inversion of marine seismic refraction data from an array of ocean‐bottom seismographs (OBSs), which produced an image of the crustal structure along the axial valley of the ultraslow spreading Mid‐Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC). The seismic velocity model shows variations in the thickness and properties of the young oceanic crust that are consistent with the existence of two magmatic‐tectonic segments along the 110 km long spreading center. Seismic wave speeds are consistent with exhumed mantle at the boundary between these two segments, but changes in the vertical gradient of seismic velocity suggest that volcanic crust occupies most of the axial valley seafloor along the seismic transect. The two spreading segments both have a low‐velocity zone (LVZ) several kilometers beneath the seafloor, which may indicate the presence of shallow melt. However, the northern segment also has low seismic velocities (3 km/s) in a thick upper crustal layer (1.5–2.0 km), which we interpret as an extrusive volcanic section with high porosity and permeability. This segment hosts the Beebe vent field, the deepest known high‐temperature black smoker hydrothermal vent system. In contrast, the southern spreading segment has seismic velocities as high as 4.0 km/s near the seafloor. We suggest that the porosity and permeability of the volcanic crust in the southern segment are much lower, thus limiting deep seawater penetration and hydrothermal recharge. This may explain why no hydrothermal vent system has been found in the southern half of the MCSC.
Dendrimers as Powerful Building Blocks in Central Nervous System Disease: Headed for Successful Nanomedicine
Authors: Leiro Victoria , Duque Santos Sofia , Lopes Cátia D. F. , Paula Pêgo Ana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDendrimers have emerged as a powerful class of nanomaterials in the nanomedicine field due to their unique structural features: globular, well‐defined, highly branched and controllable structure, nanosize‐scale, low polydispersity, and the presence of several terminal groups that can be functionalized with different ligands simulating the multivalency present in different biological systems. Although in its infancy, the application of dendrimers as therapeutics or theranostic tools in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is already significant and has opened promising avenues in the treatment of many conditions where the inherent “smartness” of the dendritic structures is being explored to effectively target the CNS. Here we present an overview of the past and future challenges of the use of dendrimers to respond to one of the ultimate challenges in the (nano)medicine field: to attain CNS repair and regeneration.
Morphology‐Conserved Transformations of Metal‐Based Precursors to Hierarchically Porous Micro‐/Nanostructures for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Chen Min , Zhang Yueguang , Xing Lidan , Liao Youhao , Qiu Yongcai , Yang Shihe , Li Weishan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo meet future market demand, developing new structured materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems is essential. Hierarchically porous micro‐/nanostructures are favorable for designing such high‐performance materials because of their unique features, including: i) the prevention of nanosized particle agglomeration and minimization of interfacial contact resistance, ii) more active sites and shorter ionic diffusion lengths because of their size compared with their large‐size counterparts, iii) convenient electrolyte ingress and accommodation of large volume changes, and iv) enhanced light‐scattering capability. Here, hierarchically porous micro‐/nanostructures produced by morphology‐conserved transformations of metal‐based precursors are summarized, and their applications as electrodes and/or catalysts in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells are discussed. Finally, research and development challenges relating to hierarchically porous micro‐/nanostructures that must be overcome to increase their utilization in renewable energy applications are outlined.
Glucosamine has an antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis
Authors: Jung Ah‐Yeoun , Heo Min‐Jeong , Kim Young Hyo 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundGlucosamine (GlcN) is generally used as a dietary supplement because of its antiinflammatory effects. We evaluated the antiallergic effect of GlcN in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis.MethodsThirty‐two mice were allocated equally into 4 groups (n = 8). In group A (control), we performed intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge using sterile saline. In group B (asthma/rhinitis), we used ovalbumin for intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge to induce allergic asthma and rhinitis. In groups C and D (GlcN treatment), mice were given 1% and 5% GlcN throughout the period of ovalbumin challenge, respectively. We measured serum total and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokine titers (interleukin‐1, ‐4, ‐5, ‐6, ‐10, and ‐17; tumor necrosis factor‐α; and interferon‐γ), and the number of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We also performed histopathologic examination of the lung and nasal cavity. Finally, we performed real‐time polymerase chain reaction for the genes Bcl‐2, EC‐SOD, VEGF, caspase‐3, Bax, COX‐2, Hif‐1α, and heme oxygenase‐1.ResultsCompared with group B, group D had significant serum total and ovalbumin‐specific IgE decreases after GlcN treatment (p < 0.05). Titers for IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, and IL‐17 in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D (p < 0.05). Eosinophils in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D compared with group B (p < 0.05). Groups C and D showed significant improvement of inflammation compared with group B. Group D had significant downregulation of EC‐SOD, Bax, Hif‐1α, and heme oxygenase‐1 compared with group B.ConclusionGlcN had a significant antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis.
Enantioselective Reaction of 2H‐Azirines with Phosphite Using Chiral Bis(imidazoline)/Zinc(II) Catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Hayama Daiki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first highly enantioselective nucleophilic addition reaction of phosphites with 2H‐azirines has been developed. The reaction was applied to various 3‐substituted 2H‐azirines using novel chiral bis(imidazoline)/ZnII catalysts to afford products in good yield with high enantioselectivity. The transformation of the obtained optically active aziridines showed that 2H‐azirines act as either α,β‐ or β,β‐dicarbocationic amine synthons.
Electronic Structure and Magnetic Anisotropy of an Unsaturated Cyclopentadienyl Iron(I) Complex with 15 Valence Electrons
Authors: Chakraborty Uttam , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Rebreyend Christophe , de Bruin Bas , Atanasov Mihail , Neese Frank , Mühldorf Bernd , Wolf Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe 15 valence‐electron iron(I) complex [CpArFe(IiPr2Me2)] (1, CpAr=C5(C6H4‐4‐Et)5; IiPr2Me2=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene) was synthesized in high yield from the FeII precursor [CpArFe(μ‐Br)]2. 57Fe Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopic data, magnetic measurements, and ab initio ligand‐field calculations indicate an S= 3/2 ground state with a large negative zero‐field splitting. As a consequence, 1 features magnetic anisotropy with an effective spin‐reversal barrier of Ueff=64 cm−1. Moreover, 1 catalyzes the dehydrogenation of N,N‐dimethylamine–borane, affording tetramethyl‐1,3‐diaza‐2,4‐diboretane under mild conditions.
Feeding regulation by neuropeptide Y on Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Yue Zhen , Zhao Zhangwu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis is a major agricultural pest. In this study, a full‐length neuropeptide Y (npy) gene in O. furnacalis was sequenced and cloned from cDNA library, which contains an ORF of 273 bp by encoding 90 amino acid residues. The mature OfurNPY is composed of 29 amino acids with amidation in C‐terminal. The spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that npy highest expression level was in the midgut of the fifth instar larvae (the gluttony period). When the expression of npy was knocked down by feeding or injecting dsNPY, larval food consumption, body size, and body weight were significantly inhibited compared to controls. These results indicate that NPY is an important regulator in the control of feeding of O. furnacalis.
Single‐step isolation of embelin using high‐performance countercurrent chromatography and determination of the fatty acid composition of seeds of Embelia schimperi
Authors: Atlabachew Minaleshewa , Mehari Bewketu , Combrinck Sandra , McCrindle Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEmbelin (2,5‐dihydroxy‐3‐undecyl‐p‐benzoquinone) is known for its potent anthelmintic activity, but also for wound‐healing, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, antitumour, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial and antispermatogenic activities. A high‐performance countercurrent chromatography method was developed for the purification of embelin from an extract of the seeds of Embelia schimperi fruit. The optimized solvent system (n‐hexane–ethylacetate–ethanol–water, 7:3:7:3) resulted in the isolation of 13.9 mg of embelin, directly from 100 mg of crude extract, in a single step within a short time (40 min). Although the compound appeared to be completely pure when analysed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photo diode array detection, the purity was established as ~90% by UPLC–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we report the fatty acid composition of the seeds of E. schimperi fruit. Nine fatty acids were quantified from the fruit seed extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, with linoleic (46.4%), palmitic (21.5%) and oleic (19.6%) acids making up the largest proportions.
Allelopathic Effects, Physiological Responses and Phenolic Compounds in Litter Extracts of Juniperus rigidaSieb. et Zucc.
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Dengwu , Wang Dongmei , Liu Yu , Song Huiying 
Published: May 2017

The allelopathic effects of Juniperus rigida litter aqueous extract (LE) on wheat and Pinus tabuliformis were studied, as well as the physiological responses to the extract. High concentration LE (0.10 g Dw/ml) significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth in receptor plants. The chlorophyll content and root activity in the wheat seedlings were reduced significantly across all treatments; however, those were more prominently reduced at high concentration (0.10 g Dw/ml) but received little stimulation at low concentration (0.025 g Dw/ml) in P. tabuliformis. The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) increased with increasing concentrations of LE, except at 0.025 g Dw/ml. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) in receptor plants were all significantly inhibited at high concentrations but stimulated at low concentrations. These results demonstrate that the aqueous extract from J. rigida litter has allelopathic potential. Various phenolic compounds were identified in litter aqueous extract and litter ethanol extract by HPLC. The phenolic compound content in the aqueous extract was significantly lower than that in the ethanol extract. Chlorogenic acid and podophyllotoxin were the predominant phenolic compounds in both types of litter extracts. These findings suggest that the seed germination and seedling growth of P. tabuliformis and wheat would be inhibited when planted near large amounts J. rigida litter.
Late Incomplete stent apposition is associated with late/very late stent thrombosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sethi Ankur , Singbal Yash , Rastogi Ujjwal , Prasad Vinoy S. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThere is a lingering controversy in the current literature about the impact of late incomplete stent apposition (LISA) on clinical outcomes, especially stent thrombosis (ST). Therefore, we aimed to synthesize the available evidence evaluating the association between LISA and adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases for studies reporting clinical outcomes in patients with and without LISA. Relevant study characteristics and clinical outcomes were extracted. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed. Sensitivity analyses were done.ResultsSixteen studies with 4,946 patients; 666 patients with 20,035 patient‐months follow up with LISA and 4,280 patients with 121,855 patient‐months follow up without LISA were included. The estimated prevalence of LISA at follow up was 16% (95% CI 12–20%). The incidences of late/very late ST (IRR = 4.81, 95% CI 2.68–8.62) and myocardial infarction (MI) (IRR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.72–5.55) were significantly higher in the LISA group compared to patients without LISA. Subset analysis of studies reporting Academic Research Consortium definitive/probable ST (IRR = 4.98; 95% CI 2.51–9.89) and acquired LISA (IRR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.5–9.0) similarly showed increased risk of late/very late ST. The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent. There was no difference in cardiac death and target lesion revascularization.ConclusionThe presence of LISA at a follow up of 6–18 months after stent implantation is associated with a higher risk of late/very late ST and MI. Additional studies are required to establish a cause and effect, and inform the management strategy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carotid artery stenting in clinical practice depending on patient age
Authors: Ledwoch Jakob , Staubach Stephan , Segerer Manuela , Strohm Henning , Mudra Harald 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe age‐dependent outcome of carotid artery stenting (CAS) outside of randomized controlled trials is largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed acute and long‐term results of CAS in a single‐center real‐world registry.MethodsAll symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who consecutively underwent CAS were enrolled into the present analysis. The population was divided into three groups dependent on patients' age (<65, 65–74, and ≥75 years).ResultsBetween 1999 and 2015, a total of 878 patients (24%, <65 years; 40%, 65–74 years; and 36%, ≥75 years) underwent CAS. The rate of the primary endpoint (30‐day composite of death, stroke, and myocardial infarction [MACCE] plus long‐term ipsilateral stroke) was higher in patients aged ≥75 years compared to the middle‐age group (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, confidence interval [CI] 1.22–4.36; P = 0.001). Similarly, the rate of the stroke endpoint (30‐day any stroke plus long‐term ipsilateral stroke) was higher in patients aged ≥75 years compared to patients aged 65–74 years (HR 2.03, CI 1.01–4.10; P = 0.04). There was no significant age‐dependent difference of the primary endpoint and stroke endpoint in the subset of asymptomatic patients. Furthermore, age had no influence on the risk of stroke beyond the periprocedural period.ConclusionsPatients aged ≥75 years had poorer outcomes after CAS compared to younger patients. Importantly, age did not influence the outcome in asymptomatic patients and the risk for stroke beyond the periprocedural period.
The Pivotal Role of Catalysis in France: Selected Examples of Recent Advances and Future Prospects.
Authors: Olivier‐Bourbigou Hélène , Chizallet Céline , Dumeignil Franck , Fongarland Pascal , Geantet Christophe , Granger Pascal , Launay Franck , Löfberg Axel , Massiani Pascale , Maugé Françoise , Ouali Armelle , Roger Anne‐Cécile , Schuurman Yves , Tanchoux Nathalie , Uzio Denis , Jérôme François , Duprez Daniel , Pinel Catherine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Review describes the most significant results achieved in France in the field of heterogeneous catalysis over the last 10 years and placed in the context of international research. The focus lies on the research conducted in French academic laboratories, often in close collaboration with industrial partners. A wide range of heterogeneous catalysis is covered, including ab initio calculations, biomass conversion, catalytic cracking, catalyst characterization, CO2 conversion, Fischer–Tropsch, pollution abatement, power‐to‐gas and kinetics.
Arylthio‐ and Arylseleno‐Substituted s‐Heptazines
Authors: Posern Christian , Böhme Uwe , Wagler Jörg , Höhne Carl‐Christoph , Kroke Edwin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn contrast to numerous thio‐ and selenocyanuric acid derivatives, sulfur‐ or selenium‐containing s‐heptazines have not been reported so far. Thio‐ and selenocyameluric acid esters were obtained by substitution reactions of s‐heptazine chloride C6N7Cl3 with aromatic thiols and selenophenol; the resultant white or yellow solids were stable in air. They were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The thiocyameluric acid phenyl ester (1, C6N7(S(C6H5))3) and the corresponding selenium compound (7) formed co‐crystals with mesitylene, which were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both structures showed unusually large channels of ≈12 Å diameter. The thermal stability was measured by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and the flame retardancy of compound 1 was tested in PP by carrying out limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, which gave promising results. Quantum chemical calculations of the title compounds were performed to explain the observed properties and structural characteristics.
Loops and Cycles at Surfaces: The Unique Properties of Topological Polymer Brushes
Authors: Benetti Edmondo M. , Divandari Mohammad , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Morgese Giulia , Yan Wenqing , Trachsel Lucca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrafting synthetic polymers to inorganic and organic surfaces to yield polymer “brushes” has represented a revolution in many fields of materials science. Polymer brushes provide colloidal stabilization to nanoparticles (NPs), prevent and/or regulate the adsorption of proteins on biomaterials, and significantly reduce friction when applied to two surfaces sheared against each other. Can the performance of polymer brushes as steric stabilizers and boundary lubricants be improved? The answer to this question encompasses the application of polymer grafts presenting different chain topologies, beyond linearity. In particular, grafted polymers forming loops and cycles at the surface have been recently demonstrated to enable the modulation of interfacial physicochemical properties, including nanomechanical and nanotribological, to an extent that is difficultly addressed by using their linear counterparts. Loop and cyclic polymer brushes provide enhanced steric stabilization to surfaces, increase their biopassivity and show superlubricious behavior. Their distinctive structure, the methods applied to fabricate them and their application in several technologically relevant fields of materials science are reviewed in this contribution.
Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon with Incorporated CeO2 Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yu Yue , Gao Li , Liu Xianchun , Wang Yuanhong , Xing Shuangxi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIncorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles into the cavity of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) was followed by high‐temperature pyrolysis to generate CeO2@N‐doped carbon materials. Introduction of the CeO2 nanoparticles greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of the ZIF‐8‐derived carbon materials in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to the presence of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies with high content of chemisorbed oxygen in CeO2 and the well‐maintained skeleton of the original ZIF‐8 with uniform mesoporous structure. The material treated at 900 °C (CeO2@N‐C‐900) showed excellent ORR catalytic activity in both acidic and alkaline electrolyte. The ORR onset and half‐wave potentials of CeO2@N‐C‐900 were 1.003 and 0.908 V versus RHE, respectively, in 0.1 m KOH aqueous solution, which are comparable to those of Pt/C catalysts. Furthermore, it exhibited much better stability and methanol crossover tolerance than Pt/C, indicative of its good potential for applications in energy conversion.
Halogen‐Bonding‐Mediated and Controlled Cationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether: Expanding the Catalytic Scope of 2‐Iodoimidazolium Salts
Authors: Takagi Koji , Yamauchi Koji , Murakata Hiroto 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetal‐free initiating systems for living cationic polymerizations are desirable from the viewpoint of environmentally benign polymer synthesis. We describe here the development of a halogen‐bonding‐mediated and controlled cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) using 2‐iodoimidazolium salts as an organocatalyst. Due to the ionic nature of the catalysts, the polymerization should be performed in CH2Cl2. The HCl‐adduct of IBVE was the most suitable initiator, and the polymerization was carried out at −10 °C under the catalyst concentration of 10 mm to suppress alcohol elimination from the polymer chain. The addition of a small amount of nBu4NCl (0.02 equivalent) was effective to accomplish the controlled cationic polymerization and obtain polyIBVE, having the molecular weight distribution below 1.3.