bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient and self‐adaptive approach for Q value optimization
Authors: Zhang Gulan , Wang Ximing , He Zhenhua 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe time‐invariant gain‐limit‐constrained inverse Q‐filter can control the numerical instability of the inverse Q‐filter, but it often suppresses the high frequencies at later times and reduces the seismic resolution. To improve the seismic resolution and obtain high‐quality seismic data, we propose a self‐adaptive approach to optimize the Q value for the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation. The optimized Q value is self‐adaptive to the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band for the seismic data, the gain limit of the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation, the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation function, and the medium quality factor. In the processing of the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation, the optimized Q value, corresponding gain limit, and amplitude compensation function are used simultaneously; then, the energy in the effective frequency band for the seismic data can be recovered, and the seismic resolution can be enhanced at all times. Furthermore, the small gain limit or time‐variant bandpass filter after the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation is considered to control the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and the time‐variant bandpass filter is based on the cutoff frequency of the effective frequency band for the seismic data. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the self‐adaptive approach for Q value optimization is efficient, and the inverse Q‐filter amplitude compensation with the optimized Q value produces high‐resolution and low‐noise seismic data.
Relationships between nutrient patterns and geodemographic characteristics in Korea
Authors: Kang Kiyeon , Sohn So Young 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimIt is important to identify differences in nutrient patterns by region so that local governments can be better equipped to design effective public health plans in their administrative areas. The aim of this study was to identify the nutrient patterns of Korean adults living in various regions with different dietary cultures. We explored if there are regional associations with nutritional patterns along with other socio‐demographic characteristics.MethodsWe utilised data for 17 415 adults who participated in the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). First, we reduced 18 nutrient intake variables to nutrient patterns via exploratory factor analysis. Next, we used multiple linear regression analysis to identify the associations between nutrient patterns and geodemographic characteristics.ResultsFive nutrient patterns were identified: ‘Meat‐Related Nutrients', ‘Minerals', ‘Fibre/Vitamin C', ‘Vitamin A' and ‘Retinol'. Nutrient patterns in the Honam and Jeju region were significantly different from those in the Capital region. Age, gender, household income, education level and number of family members were significantly associated with the identified nutrient patterns.ConclusionsWe confirmed that there are differences in nutrient patterns by region. Our results suggest that the Honam and Jeju region should implement different regional public health plans from those in the Capital region.
Continuous infusion of high‐dose ulinastatin during surgery does not improve early postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Zhou Leng , Lan Haidan , Zhou Qinghua , Tang Xiao Jun , Zhu Daxing , Yue Jianming , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundUlinastatin can prevent the perioperative increase in proinflammatory cytokines for lung resection surgery; however, its impact on early clinical outcomes remains unknown.MethodsThe study enrolled 108 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were randomly allocated into two groups: ulinastatin (group U) and control (group C). Patients in group U (
n
= 52) were continuously intravenously infused with ulinastatin at a rate of 20 000 U/kg/hour for the first hour after anesthesia induction, and then at a rate of 5000 U/kg/hour until the conclusion of surgery. Patients in group C (
n
= 56) received an equivalent volume of normal saline. The primary outcome was to record the postoperative pulmonary complications that occurred during hospital stay. Other clinical courses, such as hospital mortality, blood loss, respiratory parameters, postoperative chest drainage, and duration of intensive care unit and postoperative hospital stay, were also observed and analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in early postoperative pulmonary complications, hospital mortality, blood loss, or other perioperative laboratory values, except for the duration of postoperative chest drainage and serum creatinine level. The frequency of pulmonary complications was lower in patients treated with ulinastatin compared with the control (38.46% in group U vs. 48.21% in group C).ConclusionAdministration of high‐dose ulinastatin during surgery did not reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, hospital mortality, or hospital stay for patients undergoing lung radical thoracotomy. However, a protective trend of ulinastatin was observed.
Perturbation analysis of transient population dynamics using matrix projection models
Authors: Stott Iain 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Non‐stable populations exhibit short‐term transient dynamics: size, growth and structure that are unlike predicted long‐term asymptotic stable, stationary or equilibrium dynamics. Understanding transient dynamics of non‐stable populations is important for designing effective population management strategies, predicting the responses of populations to environmental change or disturbance, and understanding population processes and life‐history evolution in variable environments.

Transient perturbation analyses are vital tools for achieving these aims. They assess how transient dynamics are affected by changes to vital rates, population structure, or underlying variables that affect these. These changes could be imposed deliberately by population managers, or driven by environmental variables. Methodological approaches to transient perturbation analysis are diverse, and different methods are suited to different applications: choosing a method to use may be challenging.

Here, I review existing methods for prospective transient perturbation analysis, and identify a number of key considerations for ecologists when choosing a method. These include the approach taken in calculating the perturbation, the type of model being analysed, the perturbation structure, the population response of interest, nonlinear response to perturbation, standardization for asymptotic dynamics, the initial population structure, and the time frame of interest. I discuss these with reference to the application of transient perturbation analyses in both population management and comparative analysis.

The diversity of transient perturbation analyses available means that existing approaches are applicable to a wide range of population management and comparative analysis scenarios. It is important, however, for ecologists using these methods to know exactly what is being measured. Despite a wealth of existing methods, I identify some areas that would benefit from further development.
Pregnancy is a model for tumors, not transplantation
Authors: Beaman Kenneth D. , Jaiswal Mukesh K. , Katara Gajendra K. , Kulshreshta Arpita , Pamarthy Sahithi , Ibrahim Safaa , Kwak‐Kim Joanne , Gilman‐Sachs Alice 
Published: June 2016

Nearly 65 years have passed since Peter Medawar posed the following question: “How does the pregnant mother contrive to nourish within itself, for many weeks or months, a fetus that is an antigenically foreign body.” Now, understanding of reproductive immunology has demonstrated that the HLA antigens in the placenta are non‐classical and do not induce rejection. In the placenta and in tumors, 50% or more of the cells are cells of the immune system and were once thought to be primed and ready for killing tumors or the “fetal transplant” but these cells are not potential killers but abet the growth of either the tumor or the placenta. We believe that these cells are there to create an environment, which enhances either placental or tumor growth. By examining the similarities of the placenta's and tumor's immune cells, novel mechanisms to cause tumors to be eliminated can be devised.
Introduction of peanuts in younger siblings of children with peanut allergy: a prospective, double‐blinded assessment of risk, of diagnostic tests, and an analysis of patient preferences
Authors: Bégin P. , Graham F. , Killer K. , Paradis J. , Paradis L. , Des Roches A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of peanut allergy in younger siblings of children with peanut allergy has been reported between 7% and 8.5%, but the anaphylactic risk at the time of introduction is currently unknown, which limits our ability to best counsel parents on this issue.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of anaphylaxis and working parameters of allergy testing in this context.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four peanut‐naïve younger siblings of peanut‐allergic children underwent double‐blinded skin testing, followed by parent‐led peanut introduction. Questionnaires were dispensed to parents to investigate preferences with regard to peanut introduction in this subgroup.ResultsEight participants (5.2%) presented unequivocal IgE‐mediated reactions to peanut upon introduction, including five anaphylaxes. These participants were significantly older compared to the rest of the cohort (median 4.0 vs 1.9 years, P = 0.04). The negative predictive value of skin prick test with peanut extract and peanut butter and of specific IgE was 99%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Six peanut‐tolerant participants had positive peanut allergy tests. The option of introducing at home without prior skin testing was associated with high levels of anxiety (median 8.4 on 10‐point Likert scale) when compared to supervised introduction (median 3.8, P < 0.0001) or home introduction after negative skin test (median 4.3, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of anaphylaxis upon peanut introduction in siblings of children with peanut allergy, and parents are reluctant to introduce at home without testing. Allergy testing prior to introduction is negative in over 90% of cases and carries a high negative predictive value.
Disposable Labor, Repurposed: Outsourcing Deportees in the Call Center Industry
Authors: Rodkey Evin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, I draw on ethnographic research with deportees in the Dominican Republic who work in call centers that serve U.S. businesses, exploring the relationship between deportation from the United States and U.S. labor practices abroad. I argue that the globalized call center industry harnesses the labor of long‐term U.S. residents expelled from the country—people deemed unfit to live within the borders of the United States, but whose labor is desired by U.S. companies abroad—to cultivate a flexible and culturally suitable labor pool. I also show how deportees, who are stigmatized and considered unemployable in most industries, rely on the call centers for both employment and cultural connections to their long‐term home—the United States. This research contributes to anthropological understandings of criminalization and the role of displaced labor in the globalized economy. Specifically, I offer an alternative to the popular idea of “disposability” of the marginalized and argue that, under the circumstances of deportation, the labor of many deportees is more accurately characterized as “repurposed.”
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of AL amyloidosis patients admitted into intensive care units
Authors: Guinault Damien , Canet Emmanuel , Huart Antoine , Jaccard Arnaud , Ribes David , Lavayssiere Laurence , Venot Marion , Cointault Olivier , Roussel Murielle , Nogier Marie‐Béatrice , Pichereau Claire , Lemiale Virginie , Arnulf Bertrand , Attal Michel , Chauveau Dominique , Azoulay Elie , Faguer Stanislas 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAmyloidosis is a rare and threatening condition that may require intensive care because of amyloid deposit‐related organ dysfunction or therapy‐related adverse events. Although new multiple myeloma drugs have dramatically improved outcomes in AL amyloidosis, the outcomes of AL patients admitted into intensive care units (ICUs) remain largely unknown. Admission has been often restricted to patients with low Mayo Clinic staging and/or with a complete or very good immunological response at admission. In a retrospective multicentre cohort of 66 adult AL (n = 52) or AA (n = 14) amyloidosis patients, with similar causes of admission to an ICU, the 28‐d and 6‐month survival rates of AA patients were significantly higher compared to AL patients (93% vs. 60%, P = 0·03; 71% vs. 45%, P = 0·02, respectively). In AL patients, the simplified Index of Gravity Score (IGS2) was the only independent predictive factor for death by day 28, whereas the Mayo‐Clinic classification stage had no influence. In Cox's multivariate regression model, only cardiac arrest and on‐going chemotherapy at ICU admission significantly predicted death at 6 months. Short‐term outcomes of AL patients admitted into an ICU were mainly related to the severity of the acute medical condition, whereas on‐going chemotherapy for active amyloidosis impacted on long‐term outcomes.
Disease characteristics and outcomes in younger adults with primary and secondary myelofibrosis
Authors: Beauverd Yan , Alimam Samah , McLornan Donal P. , Radia Deepti H. , Harrison Claire N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is a rare haematopoietic disorder, commonly diagnosed in the 6th decade: less than 20% are diagnosed before the age of 50 years. In this retrospective study we included all patients given a diagnosis of World Health Organization‐defined primary or secondary MF when aged ≤50 years. Forty‐three patients with a median age of 43 years were included. Median follow up was 44 months. Twenty‐two (51%) harboured the JAK2 V617F mutation, 18/43 (42%) CALR, 0/43 (0%) MPL mutations and 3/43 (7%) were ‘Triple Negative’ (TN). At the time of diagnosis, no significant differences existed in haematological and clinical phenotypes between JAK2, CALR and TN patients. The frequency of splenomegaly was greater (P = 0·047) in the JAK2‐mutated group compared to CALR‐mutated patients. In the whole cohort, the 5‐year probability of developing anaemia, thrombocytopenia and marked leucocytosis was 24%, 10% and 13% respectively. Finally, the cumulative incidence of thrombotic events and progression to acute myeloid leukaemia was 1% and 0·5% patient‐year respectively. No death was reported during the follow‐up. These findings suggest that MF in younger patients may have a more indolent course when compared to older patients.
Multiple myeloma: practice patterns across Europe
Authors: Raab Marc S. , Cavo Michele , Delforge Michel , Driessen Christoph , Fink Leah , Flinois Alain , Gonzalez‐McQuire Sebastian , Safaei Reza , Karlin Lionel , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Schoen Paul , Yong Kwee 
Published: June 2016

SummaryReal‐world data describing management of patients with multiple myeloma are limited. A European (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, UK) observational chart review was conducted to address this. Physicians completed questionnaires for every patient seen during a 2–4‐week observation period, regardless of treatment status. A total of 435 physicians completed 7635 cross‐sectional chart reviews. Overall, 47% of patients were undergoing anti‐tumour drug treatment, 42% had previously received ≥1 line of treatment and 12% had never received anti‐tumour drug treatment. Of the patients treated by oncologists, onco‐haematologists or internists, 95% received, or were expected to receive, at least one line of anti‐tumour drug treatment, 61% received ≥2 lines of therapy and 38% received ≥3 lines. Except in the UK, the most commonly used induction therapies contained bortezomib (48%); lenalidomide was the most commonly used first‐line maintenance therapy (45%) and second‐ and third‐line agent overall (60% and 52% of patients at those lines, respectively). Bortezomib retreatment was used in 47% of patients who received it first line. Treatment patterns became more diverse with subsequent treatment lines. This study provides insight into real‐world treatment patterns in Europe. While treatment practices are broadly similar across countries, some notable differences in the agents used exist.
Health‐related impairments in young children with ADHD: a community‐based study
Authors: Sciberras E. , Bisset M. , Hazell P. , Nicholson J. M. , Anderson V. , Lycett K. , Jongeling B. , Efron D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to examine health‐related impairments in young children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non‐ADHD controls and explore differences in children with ADHD by gender, ADHD subtype and mental health co‐morbidity status.MethodsChildren with ADHD (n = 177) and controls (n = 212) aged 6–8 years were recruited across 43 schools in Melbourne, Australia following a screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation procedure (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV). Direct and blinded assessments of height and weight were used to calculate body mass index z‐score and to identify overweight/obesity. Parents reported on child global health, sleep problems and physical injuries. Unadjusted and adjusted (socio‐demographic factors and co‐morbidities) logistic and linear regression were conducted to compare health‐related impairments between (1) children with and without ADHD; (2) boys and girls with ADHD; (3) children with ADHD‐inattentive and ADHD‐combined types; and (4) children with ADHD by internalizing and externalizing disorder status.ResultsChildren with ADHD had poorer global health than controls when adjusted for socio‐demographic characteristics (OR: 2.0; 95% CI 1.1, 3.9); however, this attenuated after adjusting for co‐morbidities. In adjusted analyses, children with ADHD had increased odds of moderate/large sleep problems (OR: 3.1; 95% CI 1.4, 6.8), compared with controls. There were no differences between children with and without ADHD in terms of physical injuries or overweight/obesity. Findings were similar when excluding children taking ADHD medication, and health‐related impairments did not differ between boys and girls with ADHD. Children with ADHD‐combined type had higher BMI z‐scores than controls in adjusted analyses (P = 0.04). Children with ADHD and co‐occurring internalizing and externalizing co‐morbidities were particularly vulnerable to health‐related impairments.ConclusionYoung children with ADHD experience a number of health‐related impairments, which are exacerbated by the presence of internalizing and externalizing co‐morbidities. Clinicians should consider the broader health of children with ADHD in clinical consultations.
The use of left grafts with a replaced or accessory left hepatic artery in adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation: analyses of donor and recipient outcomes
Authors: Uchiyama Hideaki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Ikegami Toru , Harimoto Norifumi , Itoh Shinji , Okabe Hirohisa , Kimura Koichi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), a left hepatic graft occasionally includes a replaced or accessory left hepatic artery (LHA). The procuring of such grafts requires extensive dissection along the lesser curvature of the stomach to elongate the replaced or accessory LHA on the donor side. On the recipient side, complicated arterial reconstruction is often necessary to use such grafts. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 206 adult recipients who underwent LDLT and their respective donors. The recipients and donors were divided into two groups according to the presence of the replaced or accessory LHA. Twenty‐five grafts included a replaced or accessory LHA. Only one hepatic artery‐related complication was observed in the current series, in which a pseudoaneurysm arose at the site of anastomosis between the donor accessory LHA and the recipient LHA. There was no increase in the incidence of postoperative complications in the donors with a replaced or accessory LHA in comparison with the donors without these arteries. The use of left hepatic grafts that included a replaced LHA or accessory LHA did not have any negative impact on the outcomes on either the donor or the recipient side.
Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients: the role of image‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Sharma S. , Gupta P. , Gupta N. , Lal A. , Behera D. , Rajwanshi A. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients and to identify the imaging pattern of infections on computed tomography (CT).Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study of 42 immunocompromised patients who underwent FNAC under image guidance owing to a clinical pulmonary infection. Each patient was evaluated for an underlying immunocompromised condition, cytological diagnosis, CT findings and complications.ResultsThe most common predisposing condition was diabetes mellitus (n = 11), renal transplant status (n = 11) followed by connective tissue disorders (n = 6) and malignancy (n = 5). There were four patients with renal disease and three had a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The most common cytological diagnosis was mucormycosis (n = 13) followed by nocardiosis (n = 8) and necrotising inflammation (n = 7), tuberculosis (n = 6), cryptococcosis (n = 2), aspergillosis(n = 2), histoplasmosis(n = 1) and atypical mycobacterial infection (n = 1). Mucormycosis presented as a pulmonary nodule (n = 7), mass lesion (n = 5) or consolidation (n = 4). The patients with nocardiosis had lung nodules with associated consolidation and cavitation. None of the patients had any major complication.ConclusionFNA is a relatively reliable, safe and quick method of diagnosing pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients. Cytomorphological features, when aided by special stains, can accurately detect the specific infection which is potentially treatable. Specific infections may be suggested based on specific imaging patterns.