bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of β‐Lactoglobulin hydrolysates by monolith based immobilized trypsin reactors
Authors: Mao Yuhong , Černigoj Urh , Zalokar Viktor , Štrancar Aleš , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTryptic hydrolysis of β‐Lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) is attracting more and more attention due to the reduced allergenicity and the functionality of resulting hydrolysates. To produce hydrolysates in an economically viable way, immobilized trypsin reactors (IMTRs), based on polymethacrylate monolith with pore size 2.1 μm (N1) and 6 μm (N2), were developed and used in a flow‐through system. IMTRs were characterized in terms of permeability and enzymatic activity during extensive usage. N1 showed twice the activity compared with N2, correlating well with its almost two times higher amount of immobilized trypsin. N2 showed high stability over 18 cycles, as well as over more than 30 weeks during storage. The efficiency of IMTRs on hydrolyzing β‐Lg was compared with free trypsin, and the resulting hydrolysates were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/MS. The final hydrolysis degree by N1 reached 9.68% (86.58% cleavage sites) within 4 h, while only around 6% (53.67% cleavage sites) by 1.5 mg of free trypsin. Peptides analysis showed the different preference between immobilized trypsin and free trypsin. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the potential cleavage site Lys135‐Phe136 was resistant against the immobilized trypsin in N1.
Tilted pillar array fabrication by the combination of proton beam writing and soft lithography for microfluidic cell capture Part 2: Image sequence analysis based evaluation and biological application
Authors: Járvás Gábor , Varga Tamás , Szigeti Márton , Hajba László , Fürjes Péter , Rajta István , Guttman András 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs a continuation of our previously published work, this paper presents a detailed evaluation of a microfabricated cell capture device utilizing a doubly tilted micropillar array. The device was fabricated using a novel hybrid technology based on the combination of proton beam writing and conventional lithography techniques. Tilted pillars offer unique flow characteristics and support enhanced fluidic interaction for improved immunoaffinity based cell capture. The performance of the microdevice was evaluated by an image sequence analysis based in‐house developed single‐cell tracking system. Individual cell tracking allowed in‐depth analysis of the cell–chip surface interaction mechanism from hydrodynamic point of view. Simulation results were validated by using the hybrid device and the optimized surface functionalization procedure. Finally, the cell capture capability of this new generation microdevice was demonstrated by efficiently arresting cells from a HT29 cell‐line suspension.
Pore‐scale investigation of effects of heterogeneity on CO2 geological storage using stratified sand packs
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Liu Yu , Chen Junlin , Jiang Lanlan , Wu Bohao , Liu Shuyang , Song Yongchen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe geological sequestration of CO2 is considered to have great potential. However, the heterogeneity that characterizes most geological reservoirs significantly affects the migration, trapping, and leakage of CO2. The present study involved a pore‐scale investigation of the effects of heterogeneity in pore size and wettability using stratified sand packs. A stratified glass bead (BZ06+BZ02) pack and a quartz+dolomite pack were introduced in flow experiments at gaseous CO2 (gCO2) and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions. Different injection rates, namely, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mL/min, were applied to the drainage while a constant rate of 0.1 mL/min was maintained for the imbibition. High resolution CT imaging and subsequent processing of the images were used to analyze the effects of heterogeneity in pore size and wettability. The results indicate that heterogeneity in pore size and wettability alters the intrinsic percolation abilities of the individual layers of the stratified structure and weaken the linear correlation between CO2 volume and slice‐averaged porosity. It was also observed that water films sometimes exist in the layers with smaller pore spaces after drainage and it can trigger snap off events. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response surface methodology based on central composite design accompanied by multivariate curve resolution to model gradient hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography: Prediction of separation for five major opium alkaloids
Authors: Taheri Mohammadreza , Bagheri Mohsen , Moazeni‐Pourasil Roudabeh Sadat , Ghassempour Alireza 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on bare silica presents some benefits for analysis and purification of ionizable basic alkaloids. This mode was used to separate five major opium alkaloids: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine. Central composite design based on response surface methodology was applied for experimental design, modeling, and optimization in a single‐step gradient method. The main effects and their interactions (initial percentage of modifier, changing range of modifier in run time, pH of buffer, and its concentration) were investigated in 30 experiments. Multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares, by resolving overlapped curves, helped in the accurate calculation of baseline resolution factors to be modeled and optimized more accurately. Then three crucial resolution factors besides elution time were modeled in quadratic and cubic equations and optimized. In addition to the four factors, five extra logarithmic, and nonlogarithmic factors extracted from the four factors to give nine factors overall were inspected on mechanism of retention. It was shown that a linear combination consist of four independence variables successfully describes morphinans retentivity in a single‐step gradient method.
Immunologic responses to a novel DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus‐11 E6E7
Authors: Ahn Julie , Peng Shiwen , Hung Chien‐Fu , Roden Richard B. S. , Wu Tzyy‐Choou , Best Simon R. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. Although a prophylactic vaccine against RRP is available, a therapeutic vaccine is needed to treat those already infected. The objective of our study was to design and test a DNA vaccine targeting HPV11 proteins.Study DesignPreclinical scientific investigation.MethodsA DNA vaccine encoding the HPV11 E6 and E7 genes linked to calreticulin (CRT) was generated. Immunologic response to the HPV11 CRT/E6E7 vaccine was measured by vaccinating C57BL/6 mice via electroporation and measuring CD8 + T cell responses from harvested splenocytes. A tumor cell line containing HPV11‐E6E7 was created, and the ability of novel DNA vaccine to control tumor growth was measured in vivo.ResultsOur vaccine generated a significant and specific CD8 + T‐cell response against the HPV11‐E6aa41‐70 peptide. The CD8 + T‐cell responses did not recognize E7 epitopes, indicating E6 immunodominance. CD8 + responses were augmented in the CRT‐linked vaccine compared to a control non‐CRT vaccine. The HPV11 CRT/E6E7 vaccine was used to treat mice inoculated with a HPV11 E6E7 expressing tumor cell line after temporary CD3 depletion to facilitate tumor growth. Vaccinated mice had a significantly lower tumor growth rate (P = .029) and smaller tumor volumes compared to control mice, indicating an augmented immunologic response in vaccinated mice.ConclusionsA DNA vaccine targeting HPV11 E6E7 generates a specific HPV11 CD‐8 + T‐cell response capable of reducing the growth of HPV11‐expressing tumors. DNA vaccines are a promising immunologic strategy for treating RRP.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2713–2720, 2017
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Biodegradable Reactive Isocyanate‐Terminated Three‐Armed‐ and Hyperbranched Block Copolymeric Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Bochyńska Agnieszka I. , Hannink Gerjon , Rongen Jan J. , Grijpma Dirk W. , Buma Pieter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTissue adhesives are an attractive class of biomaterials, which can serve as a treatment for meniscus tears. In this study, physicochemical and adhesive properties of novel biodegradable three‐armed‐ and hyperbranched block copolymeric adhesives are evaluated. Additionally, their degradation in vitro and in vivo, and the tissue reaction after subcutaneous injection in rats are assessed. The developed adhesives have sufficient adhesive strength to meniscus tissue after curing (66–88 kPa). Networks based on the three‐armed adhesive have tensile properties that are in the same range as human meniscus. After 26 weeks, networks based on the hyperbranched adhesive show a faster mass loss (25.4%) compared to networks prepared from the three‐armed ones (5.5%). Both adhesives induce an inflammatory reaction, however, no necrosis and only initial toxic effects on peripheral tissues are observed. The proposed materials are suitable candidates for the use as resorbable tissue adhesives for meniscus repair.
Secreted Tumor Antigens – Immune Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Meeusen Els , Lim Elgene , Mathivanan Suresh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith the advent of immunotherapies for cancer, there is growing interest in the identification of tumor antigens. Tumor antigens are self‐molecules altered through e.g. genetic mutations (neoantigens), protein truncation, protein misfolding, or abnormal posttranslational modifications. To induce an immune response, tumor antigens need to be secreted into the tumor environment and presented to the immune system in the draining lymph nodes, resulting in the generation of tumor‐specific effector cells and antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells are thought to be responsible for killing of tumor cells, and several recent studies have used MS, combined with exome/transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics, to identify their cognate peptide ligands on tumor MHC class I molecules. Circulating (serum) antibodies have been more widely used to identify tumor antigens in a range of human cancers, using 2D Western blots, immunoaffinity, and microarray technologies. More specific antibody probes have been generated by harvesting antibodies directly from antibody‐secreting cells through in vitro cultures of lymph node cells (antibody‐secreting cells probes) or B‐cell immortalization. Further identification and characterization of tumor antigens is likely to have important implications for cancer diagnostic and biomarker discovery, immune profiling, and the development of cancer vaccines and targeted immunotherapies.
Molecular cytogenetics to characterize mechanisms of gene duplication in pesticide resistance
Authors: Jugulam Mithila , Gill Bikram S 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent advances in molecular cytogenetics empower construction of physical maps to illustrate the precise position of genetic loci on the chromosomes. Such maps provide visible information about the position of DNA sequences, including the distribution of repetitive sequences on the chromosomes. This is an important step toward unraveling the genetic mechanisms implicated in chromosomal aberrations (e.g., gene duplication). In response to stress, such as pesticide selection, duplicated genes provide an immediate adaptive advantage to organisms that overcome unfavorable conditions. Although the significance of gene duplication as one of the important events driving genetic diversity has been reported, the precise mechanisms of gene duplication that contribute to pesticide resistance, especially to herbicides, are elusive. With particular reference to pesticide resistance, we discuss the prospects of application of molecular cytogenetic tools to uncover mechanism(s) of gene duplication, and illustrate hypothetical models that predict the evolutionary basis of gene duplication. The cytogenetic basis of duplicated genes, their stability, as well as the magnitude of selection pressure, can determine the dynamics of the genetic locus (loci) conferring pesticide resistance not only at the population level, but also at the individual level. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries Based on an Open‐Tunnel Framework
Authors: Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Huq Ashfia , Wang Shaofei , Park Min Je , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: July 2017

Rechargeable batteries based on an abundant metal such as aluminum with a three‐electron transfer per atom are promising for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage. Aluminum can be handled in air, thus offering superior safety, easy fabrication, and low cost. However, the development of Al‐ion batteries has been challenging due to the difficulties in identifying suitable cathode materials. This study presents the use of a highly open framework Mo2.5 +

y
VO9 +

z
as a cathode for Al‐ion batteries. The open‐tunnel oxide allows a facile diffusion of the guest species and provides sufficient redox centers to help redistribute the charge within the local host lattice during the multivalent‐ion insertion, thus leading to good rate capability with a specific capacity among the highest reported in the literature for Al‐based batteries. This study also presents the use of Mo2.5 +

y
VO9 +

z
as a model host to develop a novel ultrafast technique for chemical insertion of Al ions into host structures. The microwave‐assisted method employing diethylene glycol and aluminum diacetate (Al(OH)(C2H3O2)2) can be performed in air in as little as 30 min, which is far superior to the traditional chemical insertion techniques involving moisture‐sensitive organometallic reagents. The Al‐inserted Al
x
Mo2.5 +

y
VO9 +

z
obtained by the microwave‐assisted chemical insertion can be used in Al‐based rechargeable batteries.
Survival Benefits of Surgical Resection in Patients with Recurrent Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Motoyama Hiroaki , Kobayashi Akira , Yokoyama Takahide , Shimizu Akira , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Notake Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Kentaro , Masuo Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Miyagawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhether surgical resection for recurrent biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) prolongs survival and the patients who are most likely to benefit from such treatment remain unclear.MethodsAmong 251 patients with recurrences after the initial resection of BTC, a total of 21 patients (8.4%) underwent surgical resection for the recurrence, with a zero mortality rate. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of patients who did not undergo surgery.ResultsThe median survival time (MST) after the first recurrence and the 5‐year post‐recurrent survival (PRS) rate were 19.8 months and 32.8%, respectively, for patients who underwent re‐resection. Fourteen patients (66.7%) experienced second recurrences; however, none of these patients underwent further surgical resection. Surgical resection for recurrence was identified as an independent prognostic factor for survival after recurrence (hazard ratio of 0.33, 95% CI of 0.17–0.58, p < 0.001). Patients with less than three liver metastases had a significantly better PRS after surgical resection than after chemotherapy (p = 0.015). Among the patients with an isolated solitary liver metastasis, patients who underwent resection had a significantly longer MST after the first recurrence than patients receiving chemotherapy (22.8 vs. 10.9 months, p = 0.025), whereas the PRS was similar between the two groups among patients with two liver lesions.ConclusionsSurgical resection for recurrent BTC may prolong survival in highly selected patients. A hepatectomy might offer a survival benefit for patients with a solitary liver metastasis.
A Description of Deaths Following Emergency Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Wolsted Henrik , Møller Ann Merete , Tolstrup Mai‐Britt , Vester‐Andersen Morten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveEmergency major abdominal surgery carries a high mortality rate. The aim of this present study was to characterize a population of deceased abdominal surgical patients, to examine how many died unexpectedly and how many were subject to treatment limitations.Materials and methodsWe included adult emergency abdominal surgical patients who died within 30 days postoperatively. We collected data from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, in a Danish tertiary care hospital (Herlev).ResultsA total of 138 patients were included which corresponded to a crude mortality rate of 16.5% in the population. Four percent (5 of 138) of the patients died unexpectedly without any prior signs of deterioration and 46% (65 of 138) experienced a complicated treatment course, 67% of which was treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The remaining 50% (68 of 138) had treatment limitations, applied pre‐ or postoperatively, of which 4% were treated in the ICU ward.ConclusionsIn the present study, we found a high number of patients with treatment limitations, offering one explanation to why so relatively few high‐risk surgical patients are admitted to the ICU ward. Whether intermediary wards could serve as a viable alternative for these patients, securing a sufficient level of treatment without taking up scarce beds in the intensive care unit, remains an important question for future studies. Furthermore, five patients died unexpectedly, without any clear cause of death, proving that continual strides toward improving the overall process of postoperative care are still demanded.
Esophageal stenosis and the Glasgow Prognostic Score as independent factors of poor prognosis for patients with locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy (exploratory analysis of JCOG0303)
Authors: Okuno Tatsuya , Wakabayashi Masashi , Kato Ken , Shinoda Masayuki , Katayama Hiroshi , Igaki Hiroyasu , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Kojima Takashi , Okabe Hiroshi , Kimura Yusuke , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Kosugi Shinichi , Toh Yasushi , Kato Hoichi , Nakamura Kenichi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Ishikura Satoshi , Ando Nobutoshi , Kitagawa Yuko ,   Japan Esophageal Oncology Group/Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible prognostic factors and predictive accuracy of the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) for patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LAESCC) treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Methods
One hundred forty-two patients were enrolled in JCOG0303 and assigned to the standard cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PF)-radiotherapy (RT) group or the low-dose PF-RT group. One hundred thirty-one patients with sufficient data were included in this analysis. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with unresectable LAESCC treated with PF-RT. The GPS was classified based on the baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin levels. Patients with CRP ≤1.0 mg/dL and albumin ≥3.5 g/dL were classified as GPS0. If only CRP was increased or only albumin was decreased, the patients were classified as GPS1, and the patients with CRP >1.0 mg/dL and albumin <3.5 g/dL were classified as GPS2.

Results
The patients’ backgrounds were as follows: median age (range), 62 (37–75); male/female, 119/12; ECOG PS 0/1/2, 64/65/2; and clinical stage (UICC 5th) IIB/III/IVA/IVB, 3/75/22/31. Multivariable analyses indicated only esophageal stenosis as a common factor for poor prognosis. In addition, overall survival tended to decrease according to the GPS subgroups (median survival time (months): GPS0/GPS1/GPS2 16.1/14.9/8.7).

Conclusions
Esophageal stenosis was identified as a candidate stratification factor for randomized trials of unresectable LAESCC patients. Furthermore, GPS represents a prognostic factor for LAESCC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Clinical Trial Information
UMIN000000861.
Antioxidant Activity and Kinetics Studies of Quercetin, Epicatechin and Naringenin in Bulk Methyl Linoleate
Authors: Palma Manuel , Robert Paz , Holgado Francisca , Velasco Joaquín , Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant action of flavonoids with specific differences in chemical structure, namely, quercetin (Q), epicatechin (E) and naringenin (N), in bulk methyl linoleate (ML) under different oxidation conditions at 60 °C, in an oven and in a Rancimat apparatus. The oxidation kinetics were studied by direct and concomitant analysis of primary and secondary oxidation compounds. Addition of 200 mg/kg of E or Q to ML increased about tenfold the oxidative stability of ML. The protective effect was significantly higher for E, independent of the oxidation conditions used. However, N showed no effect. Results obtained were attributed to differences in structural features and polarity. Thus, the presence of the ortho‐dihydroxy structure in the B ring and the 3‐hydroxyl group in the C ring of E and Q seemed to be determinant and the comparatively higher polarity of E may have enhanced its antioxidant efficiency.
Impacts of Sensation, Perception, and Motor Abilities of the Ipsilesional Upper Limb on Hand Functions in Unilateral Stroke: Quantifications From Biomechanical and Functional Perspectives
Authors: Hsu Hsiu‐Yun , Ke Chia‐Wen , Kuan Ta‐Shen , Yang Hsiu‐Ching , Tsai Ching‐Liang , Kuo Li‐Chieh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of subtle losses in hand dexterity after stroke affects the regaining of independence with regard to activities of daily living. Therefore, awareness of ipsilesional upper extremity (UE) function may be of importance when developing a comprehensive rehabilitation program. However, current hand function tests seem to be unable to identify asymptomatic UE impairments.ObjectivesTo assess the motor coordination as well as the sensory perception of an ipsilesional UE using biomechanical analysis of performance‐oriented tasks and conducting a Manual Tactile Test (MTT).DesignCase‐controlled study.SettingA university hospital.ParticipantsA total of 21 patients with unilateral stroke, along with 21 matched healthy control subjects, were recruited.MethodsEach participant was requested to perform a pinch−holding‐up activity (PHUA) test, object‐transport task, and reach‐to‐grasp task via motion capture, as well as the MTT.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe kinetic data of the PHUA test, kinematics analysis of functional movements, and time requirement of MTT were analyzed.ResultsPatients with ipsilesional UE had an inferior ability to scale and produce pinch force precisely when conducting the PHUA test compared to the healthy controls (P < .05). The movement time was statistically longer and peak velocity was significantly lower (P < .05) in the performance‐oriented tasks for the ipsilesional UE patients. The longer time requirement in 3 MTT subtests showed that the ipsilesional UE patients experienced degradation in sensory perception (P < .001).ConclusionComprehensive sensorimotor assessments based on functional perspectives are valid tools to determine deficits in the sensation‐perception‐motor system in the ipsilesional UE. Integration of sensorimotor training programs for ipsilesional UE in future neuro‐rehabilitation strategies may provide more beneficial effects to regain patients' motor recovery and to promote daily living activity independence than focusing on paretic arm motor training alone.Level of EvidenceIII