bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vital exhaustion and sudden cardiac death in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Bogle Brittany M , Sotoodehnia Nona , Kucharska-Newton Anna M , Rosamond Wayne D 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveVital exhaustion (VE), a construct defined as lack of energy, increased fatigue and irritability, and feelings of demoralisation, has been associated with cardiovascular events. We sought to examine the relation between VE and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.MethodsThe ARIC Study is a predominately biracial cohort of men and women, aged 45–64 at baseline, initiated in 1987 through random sampling in four US communities. VE was measured using the Maastricht questionnaire between 1990 and 1992 among 13 923 individuals. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the hazard of out-of-hospital SCD across tertiles of VE scores.ResultsThrough 2012, 457 SCD cases, defined as a sudden pulseless condition presumed due to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a previously stable individual, were identified in ARIC by physician record review. Adjusting for age, sex and race/centre, participants in the highest VE tertile had an increased risk of SCD (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.87), but these findings did not remain significant after adjustment for established cardiovascular disease risk factors (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.20).ConclusionsAmong participants of the ARIC study, VE was not associated with an increased risk for SCD after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.
Style analysis with particle filtering and generalized simulated annealing
Authors: Fukui Takaya , Sato Seisho , Takahashi Akihiko 
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a new approach to style analysis of mutual funds in a general state space framework with particle filtering and generalized simulated annealing (GSA). Specifically, we regard the exposure of each style index as a latent state variable in a state space model and employ a Monte Carlo filter as a particle filtering method, where GSA is effectively applied to estimating unknown parameters.An empirical analysis using data of three Japanese equity mutual funds with six standard style indexes confirms the validity of our method. Moreover, we create fund-specific style indexes to further improve estimation in the analysis.
Fast Proxy Re-Encryption for Publish/Subscribe Systems
Authors: Polyakov Yuriy , Rohloff Kurt , Sahu Gyana , Vaikuntanathan Vinod 
Published: September 2017

We develop two IND-CPA-secure multihop unidirectional Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) schemes by applying the Ring-LWE (RLWE) key switching approach from the homomorphic encryption literature. Unidirectional PRE is ideal for secure publish-subscribe operations where a publisher encrypts information using a public key without knowing upfront who the subscriber will be and what private key will be used for decryption. The proposed PRE schemes provide a multihop capability, meaning that when PRE-encrypted information is published onto a PRE-enabled server, the server can either delegate access to specific clients or enable other servers the right to delegate access. Our first scheme (which we call NTRU-ABD-PRE) is based on a variant of the NTRU-RLWE homomorphic encryption scheme. Our second and main PRE scheme (which we call BV-PRE) is built on top of the Brakerski-Vaikuntanathan (BV) homomorphic encryption scheme and relies solely on the RLWE assumption.We present an open-source C++ implementation of both schemes and discuss several algorithmic and software optimizations. We examine parameter selection tradeoffs in the context of security, runtime/latency, throughput, ciphertext expansion, memory usage, and multihop capabilities. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that BV-PRE outperforms NTRU-ABD-PRE in both single-hop and multihop settings. The BV-PRE scheme has a lower time and space complexity than existing IND-CPA-secure lattice-based PRE schemes and requires small concrete parameters, making the scheme computationally efficient for use on low-resource embedded systems while still providing 100 bits of security. We present practical recommendations for applying the PRE schemes to several use cases of ad hoc information sharing for publish-subscribe operations.
Online Optimization for Markets and the Cloud
Authors: Mirrokni Vahab 
Published: September 2017

Internet applications provide interesting dynamic environments for online optimization techniques. In this talk, I will discuss a number of such problems in the context of online markets, and in serving cloud services. For online markets, I discuss problems in online advertising. Online ads are delivered in a real-time fashion under uncertainty in an environment with strategic agents. Making such real-time (or online) decisions without knowing the future is challenging for repeated auctions. In this context, I will first highlight the practical importance of considering "hybrid" models that can take advantage of forecasting, and at the same time, are robust against adversarial changes in the input. In particular, I discuss our recent results combining stochastic and adversarial input models. Then I will present more recent results concerning online bundling schemes that can be applied to repeated auction environments. In this part, I discuss ideas from our recent papers about online bundling, stateful pricing, bank account mechanisms, and Martingale auctions.
For problems on the cloud, I will touch upon two online load balancing problems: one in the context of consistent hashing with bounded loads for dynamic environments, and one in the context of multi-dimensional load balancing. Other than presenting theoretical results on these topics, we show how some of our new algorithmic techniques have been applied by Google and other companies, and confirm their significance in practice.
Optimal Service Elasticity in Large-Scale Distributed Systems
Authors: Mukherjee Debankur , Dhara Souvik , Borst Sem C. , van Leeuwaarden Johan S.H. 
Published: September 2017

A fundamental challenge in large-scale cloud networks and data centers is to achieve highly efficient server utilization and limit energy consumption, while providing excellent user-perceived performance in the presence of uncertain and time-varying demand patterns. Auto-scaling provides a popular paradigm for automatically adjusting service capacity in response to demand while meeting performance targets, and queue-driven auto-scaling techniques have been widely investigated in the literature. In typical data center architectures and cloud environments however, no centralized queue is maintained, and load balancing algorithms immediately distribute incoming tasks among parallel queues. In these distributed settings with vast numbers of servers, centralized queue-driven auto-scaling techniques involve a substantial communication overhead and major implementation burden, or may not even be viable at all.
Motivated by the above issues, we propose a joint auto-scaling and load balancing scheme which does not require any global queue length information or explicit knowledge of system parameters, and yet provides provably near-optimal service elasticity. We establish the fluid-level dynamics for the proposed scheme in a regime where the total traffic volume and nominal service capacity grow large in proportion. The fluid-limit results show that the proposed scheme achieves asymptotic optimality in terms of user-perceived delay performance as well as energy consumption. Specifically, we prove that both the waiting time of tasks and the relative energy portion consumed by idle servers vanish in the limit. At the same time, the proposed scheme operates in a distributed fashion and involves only constant communication overhead per task, thus ensuring scalability in massive data center operations. Extensive simulation experiments corroborate the fluid-limit results, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can match the user performance and energy consumption of state-of-the-art approaches that do take full advantage of a centralized queue.
Cue-induced changes in the stability of finger force-production tasks revealed by the uncontrolled manifold analysis
Authors: Tillman Mitchell , Ambike Satyajit 
Published: September 2017

A motor system configured to maximize the stability of its current state cannot dexterously transition between states. Yet, we routinely resolve the stability-dexterity conflict and rapidly change our current behavior without allowing it to become unstable before the desired transition. The phenomenon called anticipatory synergy adjustment (ASA) partly describes how the central nervous system handles this conflict. ASA is a continuous decrease in the stability of the current motor state beginning 150–400 ms before a rapid state transition accomplished using redundant sets of motor inputs (more input variables than task-specific output variables). So far, ASAs have been observed only when the timing of the upcoming transition is known. We utilized a multifinger, isometric force-production task to demonstrate that compared with a condition where no state transition is expected, the stability of the current state is lower by ~12% when a participant is cued to make a transition, even when the nature and timing of that transition are unknown. This result (stage 1 ASA) is distinct from its traditional version (stage 2 ASA), and it describes early destabilization that occurs solely in response to the expectation to move. Stage 2 ASA occurs later, only if the timing of the transition is known sufficiently in advance. Stage 1 ASA lasts much longer (~1.5 s) and may scale in response to the perceived difficulty of the upcoming task. Therefore, this work reveals a much refined view of the processes that underlie the resolution of the stability-dexterity conflict. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the stability of multifinger, isometric force-production tasks for trials in which force changes of unknown direction and timing were expected with trials in which there was no expectation of any force change. Mere expectation of a change caused the stability of the current motor state to drop. This novel result provides a much refined view of the processes that facilitate dexterous switching between motor states.
The Immune-microenvironment Confers Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer through Macrophage-Derived IL6
Authors: Yin Yuan , Yao Surui , Hu Yaling , Feng Yuyang , Li Min , Bian Zehua , Zhang Jiwei , Qin Yan , Qi Xiaowei , Zhou Leyuan , Fei Bojian , Zou Jian , Hua Dong , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. However, the effects of TAMs in colorectal cancer are contradictory. We therefore investigated the functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of TAMs in colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: We measured the macrophage infiltration (CD68), P-gp, and Bcl2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues using IHC staining. Coculture of TAMs and colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo models was used to evaluate the effects of TAMs on colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Cytokine antibody arrays, ELISA, neutralizing antibody, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism.
Results: TAM infiltration was associated with chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer–conditioned macrophages increased colorectal cancer chemoresistance and reduced drug-induced apoptosis by secreting IL6, which could be blocked by a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody. Macrophage-derived IL6 activated the IL6R/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells, and activated STAT3 transcriptionally inhibited the tumor suppressor miR-204-5p. Rescue experiment confirmed that miR-204-5p is a functional target mediating the TAM-induced colorectal cancer chemoresistance. miR-155-5p, a key miRNA regulating C/EBPβ, was frequently downregulated in TAMs, resulting in increased C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ transcriptionally activated IL6 in TAMs, and TAM-secreted IL6 then induced chemoresistance by activating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p pathway in colorectal cancer cells.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that the maladjusted miR-155-5p/C/EBPβ/IL6 signaling in TAMs could induce chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p axis, revealing a new cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7375–87. ©2017 AACR.
HIF-3α Promotes Metastatic Phenotypes in Pancreatic Cancer by Transcriptional Regulation of the RhoC–ROCK1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Xianfei , Guo Xingjun , Chen Meiyuan , Xie Chencheng , Jiang Jianxin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Hypoxia contributes to pancreatic cancer progression and promotes its growth and invasion. Previous research principally focused on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α (HIF1A and EPAS1) as the major hypoxia-associated transcription factors in pancreatic cancer. However, the role of HIF-3α (HIF3A) has not been investigated. Therefore, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α expression levels were measured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, HIF-3α expression was measured in human pancreatic cancer tissue specimens and the impact of altered HIF-3α expression on cell invasion and migration was investigated in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-3α expression was stimulated in pancreatic cancer cells to a greater degree than HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression. HIF-3α protein levels were also elevated in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlated with reduced survival and greater local invasion and distant metastasis, whereas knockdown of HIF-3α, under hypoxic conditions, suppressed pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration. Under normoxia, HIF-3α overexpression promoted pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration and stimulated F-actin polymerization. In summary, HIF-3α promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vivo and promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis by transcriptionally activating the RhoC–ROCK1 signaling pathway.
Implications: HIF3α is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, and targeting the HIF3α/RhoC–ROCK1 signaling pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 124–34. ©2017 AACR.
Subverting Nationalism
Authors: Akingbe Niyi 
Published: September 2017

The thematics of Femi Fatoba’s They Said I Abused the Government (2001) and Wole Soyinka’s Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known (2002) demonstrate the potential of art to bear witness to the bizarre, depressing anomie bedevilling Nigeria between 1993 and 1998. This anomie was ruinously orchestrated by the power-hungry military, who annulled the free and fair presidential election won by Chief M.K.O. Abiola. This military incursion into Nigeria’s political sphere was facilitated by a nebulous nationhood plagued by contending differences among its federating units. The notorious brutality of General Abacha’s regime was a cavalcade of incarceration and killings of real and imagined political dissidents. Especially, outspoken politicians who fell victim to unstable power-plays were kept in detention facilities across the country. They Said I Abused the Government and Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known’s articulation of these ‘years of the locusts’ is epitomized by the closing of newspapers, brain drain, and the imagery of stasis and displacement. These occurrences are captured by the accusatory tone of Femi Fatoba and Wole Soyinka’s poetics as they protest the military brigandage in their works. The essay seeks to explicate how protest and satire have been harnessed to articulate the subversion of nationalism in postcolonial Nigeria.
Which Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Best Explain the Variation of Warm versus Cold Years and Wet versus Dry Years?
Authors: Ye Jian-Sheng , Gong Yan-Hong , Zhang Feng , Ren Jiao , Bai Xiao-Ke , Zheng Yang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Intensifying climate extremes are one of the major concerns with climate change. Using 100-yr (1911–2010) daily temperature and precipitation records worldwide, 28 indices of extreme temperature and precipitation are calculated. A similarity percentage analysis is used to identify the key indices for distinguishing how extreme warm and cold years (annual temperature above the 90th and below the 10th percentile of the 100-yr distribution, respectively) differ from one another and from average years, and how extreme wet and dry years (annual precipitation above the 90th and below the 10th percentile of the 100-yr distribution, respectively) differ from each other and from average years. The analysis suggests that extreme warm years are primarily distinguished from average and extreme cold years by higher occurrence of warm nights (annual counts when night temperature &gt;90th percentile), which occur about six more counts in extreme warm years compared with average years. Extreme wet years are mainly distinguished from average and extreme dry years by more occurrences of heavy precipitation events (events with ≥10 mm and ≥20 mm precipitation). Compared with average years, heavy events occur 60% more in extreme wet years and 50% less in extreme dry years. These indices consistently differ between extreme and average years across terrestrial ecoregions globally. These key indices need to be considered when analyzing climate model projections and designing climate change experiments that focus on ecosystem response to climate extremes.
Evaluation of High-Resolution Gridded Precipitation Data in Arid and Semiarid Regions: Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Yang Yi , Tang Jianping , Xiong Zhe , Dong Xinning 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The reliability of three satellite-derived precipitation products, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 V7 and the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) satellite-only (CMORPH-RAW) and gauge-corrected versions (CMORPH-CRT), and three gauge-based precipitation datasets, Asian Precipitation–Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), National Climate Center of China Meteorological Administration (CN05.1), and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ITPCAS), is evaluated via comparisons with rain gauge observations from stations over the Heihe River basin (HRB) for the period from 1998 to 2012. The results show that the observed climatology, interannual variability, the detection of precipitation events, and probability density functions (PDFs) are reasonably well represented by the high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs), with APHRODITE presenting the best performance, CN05.1 and ITPCAS exhibiting similar performances, and CMORPH-CRT showing a poor performance. The bias-correction algorithms applied in CMORPH-CRT improve the accuracy of CMORPH-RAW slightly but fail to improve the rainfall detection skill. TRMM consistently outperforms CMORPH-CRT at various scales, whereas CMORPH-CRT is comparable to TRMM in summer. The spatial correlations, normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), and probability of detection (POD) show that all datasets perform better in summer than in winter. Except for CMORPH-RAW, the HRPPs could adequately reproduce the unimodal characteristics of annual cycle, although they overestimate the magnitude of the warm season precipitation. The HRPPs could capture the overall spatial distribution and decadal trend of extreme precipitation indices. However, the satellite-derived products overestimate the wet day precipitation and underestimate the consecutive dry days, although the TRMM generates relatively better results.
A Three-Step Method for Estimating Vortex Center Locations in Four-Dimensional Space from Radar-Observed Tornadic Mesocyclones
Authors: Xu Qin , Wei Li , Nai Kang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe recently developed two-dimensional variational methods for analyzing vortex winds from radar-observed mesocyclones can be extended to analyze three-dimensional vortex winds, but the first task for this extension is to estimate the vortex center location and its continuous variations in four-dimensional space so that the horizontal location of the vortex center can be expressed as a continuous function of height and time. To accomplish this task, a three-step method is developed in this paper. The method is applied to the Moore, Oklahoma, tornadic mesocyclone observed by the operational KTLX radar (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) and the NSSL phased-array radar on 20 May 2013. The estimated vortex center trajectory at the ground level is verified with the tornado damage survey data. The estimated vortex center trajectories above the ground (up to 4-km height) reveal that the vortex core was initially tilted northeastward along the direction of the environmental flow and its vertical shear but became nearly vertical about 16 min later and 4 min before the vortex started to cause EF5 damages.
Governance of the Fifth Schedule Areas: Role of Governor
Authors: Veeresha Nayakara 
Published: September 2017

The indigenous communities all over the world are experiencing various forms of alienation. Among all, alienation of rights over land, forest and other natural resources is the most serious one. Indigenous people of India are known as adivasis meaning the ‘first inhabitants’ with official name of ‘Scheduled Tribes’. The socio-economic and political alienation of Scheduled Tribes has manifested itself in the form of insurrections. The issues concerning the political insurrection in central and eastern India are multi-dimensional in nature. To illustrate, these issues relate to land acquisition in Scheduled V Areas, rights over the natural resources, agrarian transformation, governance conflict, socio-economic and political exclusion of the disadvantaged sections of the society, needs of youth, poverty and the role of political ideology. One of the important aspects of governance which has not been dealt with adequately in the literature is the role of governors and the president in ensuring peace and good governance in Scheduled Areas. The main purpose of the article is to explore the status of governance with particular reference to the role of governor in establishing peace and good government in the Fifth Scheduled Areas. Through discourse and document analysis of Annual Governors’ reports accessed through Centre for Policy Research, it is found that the Office of Governor has failed in fulfilling the constitutional responsibility of ensuring the peace and good governance in Scheduled V Areas. It is high time for the governor’s office to effectively participate in the nation-building process by enabling proper implementation of the progressive laws enacted for the well-being of Scheduled Tribes.