bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the System of Rice Intensification Can Contribute to Climate‐Smart Agriculture
Authors: Thakur Amod K. , Uphoff Norman T. 
Published: May 2017

Core IdeasSystem of rice intensification increases crop productivity with lesser inputs.System of rice intensification yields more productive and robust rice phenotypes from given plant genotypes.System of rice intensification crops are tolerant to biotic/abiotic stresses and it reduces GHGs from rice fields.System of rice intensification enables farmers to adapt to and mitigate climate change.This paper reviews how and why SRI can be considered as climate‐smart agriculture.Although there has been controversy over some of the high yields reported with the System of Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Intensification (SRI), an agroecological crop management system developed in Madagascar, substantial increases in average rice yields have been reported from more than 50 countries when these methods are used, not even necessarily fully. Most attention thus far has focused on yield and little on whether or how SRI methods can help farmers adapt to and buffer the adverse stresses of climate change as well as reduce their rice paddies’ contribution to global warming. According to FAO criteria, achieving all three impacts would qualify SRI as “climate‐smart agriculture” (CSA).This paper reviews how making SRI modifications in agronomic practices can elicit plant phenotypes from given rice genotypes that are more robust and adaptive as well as more productive. This effect appears to result from SRI's inducing larger, healthier root systems and enhancing beneficial soil biota. These effects are associated with improvements in a variety of morphological and physiological characteristics in rice plants. Cross‐national meta‐analysis has documented reductions in crop water requirements and increased water productivity under SRI management. These methods are also seen to contribute to greater drought‐tolerance, resistance to storm damage, cold‐temperature hardiness, shortened crop cycles that reduce crops’ exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, less susceptibility to insect pest and disease damage, and diminished net emissions of greenhouse gases from paddy fields. The efficacy of SRI management methods is increasingly accepted by governments, donor agencies and farmers, but more remains to be researched and evaluated.
Consumer Preferences for Information Sources of Turfgrass Products and Lawn Care
Authors: Yue Chengyan , Wang Jingjing , Watkins Eric , Bonos Stacy , Nelson Kristen , Murphy James A. , Meyer William , Horgan Brian 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Turfgrass consumers trusted information from families, university extension, and garden centers the most.
Homeowners ranked garden center/hardware stores, followed by families and then lawn care companies as the most useful information sources.
Information from university extension and regional water management authorities were considered as trustworthy but less useful.
Consumers need adequate information about turfgrasses attributes and lawn maintenance practices when they choose what types of turfgrasses to grow in their home lawns. We conducted online surveys with 2167 homeowners from the United States to explore what information sources they consider as trustworthy and useful regarding lawn care. We found turfgrass consumers trusted information from families, University extensions, and garden centers/hardware stores the most; these information sources were equally trusted. Whereas, they ranked garden centers/hardware stores, followed by families and then lawn care companies as the most useful information sources. Information from University extensions and regional water management authorities were considered as trustworthy but less useful. Other information sources (such as the Internet, books, manufacturer websites, and third party reviews) were considered as the least trustworthy and least useful sources. Homeowners’ socio‐demographic backgrounds affected their attitude toward lawn care information sources. The results of the study have important marketing implications for turfgrass suppliers and can help guide outreach efforts by University extension educators.
In‐Season Estimation of Corn Yield Potential Using Proximal Sensing
Authors: Tagarakis Aristotelis C. , Ketterings Quirine M. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Accurate yield prediction is needed for effective sensor‐based N management.
Field testing is needed to develop reliable algorithms for silage and grain corn.
For the most accurate yield prediction, crop sensing should be done at V6 or later.
Predictions for corn silage were more accurate than for corn grain.
The use of in‐season‐estimated yield is preferred across variable sites.
Crop sensing is a promising approach for predicting corn (Zea mays L.) yield. Yield prediction is the first step in development of algorithms for sensor‐based N management. Here, we evaluated the impact of (i) timing of sensing (growth stage), and (ii) method of reporting sensor data on estimations of corn grain and silage yield in New York. Sensor data were reported as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), in‐season estimated yield (INSEY) expressed as NDVI divided by days after planting (DAP; INSEYDAP), growing degree days (GGD; INSEYGGD), and the inverse simple ratio (ISR; [1–NDVI]/[1+NDVI]) divided by DAP (INSEYISR). To evaluate timing of sensing, corn of six fertility trials was scanned at every growth stage between V4 and V11. The replicated trials had up to six N rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 336 kg ha−1). The V7 sensor and yield data from zero‐N plots of nine additional on‐farm trials (varying histories) were added to derive yield algorithms for New York. Drought at three sites in 2016 negatively impacted the accuracy of sensor‐based grain yield estimates (R2 < 0.27). Excluding these sites, most accurate yield predictions were obtained from V6 onward. Across different locations and independent of reporting method, INSEY data at V7 predicted yield with an R2 > 0.70 (grain) and >0.77 (silage). We conclude that INSEY data obtained at V7 can be used to accurately predict corn grain and silage yields in non‐drought conditions in New York.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DALAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Andriyanto Irsyad 
Published: May 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU1">In Islam institutionalized poverty eradication with the charity. Therefore, charity should be managed in a productive and professional so that zakat has participation in realizing the ideals of Islam to the life of a prosperous people. One of the management institutions in Indonesia to manage zakat with trustworthy, transparent, and professional is the Rumah Zakat Indonesia (RZI). This study uses socio-economic approach. The analysis serves to simplify data into a form that is easier to read and interpret. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Dalam Islam upara pengatasan kemiskinan adalah dengan zakat. Oleh karena itu, zakat seharusnya dikelola secara produktif dan profesional sehingga zakat dapat mengambil bagian dalam merealisasikan ide-ide Islam untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat Saah satu lembaga yang terbukti telah mampu mengelola zakat secara terpercaya, transparan, dan profesional adalah Rumah Zakat Indonesia (RZI). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosial-ekonomi, Analisis yang yang digunakan bertujuan untuk mempermudah data ke dalam bentuk yang lebih mudah untuk dibaca dan diinterpretasikan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah analisis deskriptif.
PENGELOLAAN WAKAF TUNAI
Authors: Fanani Muhyar 
Published: May 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU1">Basic issue on waqaf is the management, especially on the management of cash money. The institutions having in charge for managing the waqaf of cash money, have some management specific characteristics and patterns. This study focused on the management of waqaf on cash money in three institution, TWI, PKPU, and BMM. Applying qualitative method, it is found that waqaf of cash money still has some problems to solve: the lack of dissemination about waqaf of cash money among society mem­bers, the lack of professional nāẓir, no effective fundraising system, the weak managerial system, the low commitment on risk management, the unprotected purchasing power of money, and the variability on the distribution priority.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Permasalahan dasar waqf adalah menajemen, khususnya manajemen uang tunai. Lembaga yang berperan untuk mengelola waqf uang tunai memiliki beberapa karakteristik dan pola manajemen yang spesifik. Kajian ini memfokuskan pada manajemen waqf uang tunai di tiga lembaga: TWI, PKPU, dan BMM. Dengan meng­gunakan pendekatan kualitatif ditemukan bahwa waqf uang tunai masih meninggalkan beberapa persoalan yaitu: kurangnya diseminasi tentang waqf uang tunai di kalangan masyarakat, kurangnya jumlah nadzir yang profesional; tidak adanya sistem pencarian dana yang efektif, lemahnya sistem manajemen, kekuatan pembelian uang yang tidak terlindungi, dan variabilitas prioritas distribusi.
ISLAM DAN OTORITAS KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Rumadi Rumadi 
Published: May 2017

<p class="IIABSBARU">Is religion possible to grow without any authority? Generally people responded the question with two speculative answers: “religion can be and grow without any authority” and “religion can not be and grow without any authority”. The first opinion is based on the argumentation that religion constitutes a divine total comprehension. It does not need any other than the submission of human being to God. Meanwhile, the second opinion is based on the argumentation that religion constitutes individual rights to communicate and submit to God, but in social sphere the development of religion needs “distributors” having credibility to speak and transmit religious messages. However, in fact, religious authority is not a static one, but dynamic. Levels of religious authority and inter relation between the authority levels is a part of the dynamics.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Mungkinkah agama tumbuh tanpa otoritas?Pada umumnya jawaban atas per­tanyaan ini ada dua:”agama dapat tumbuh tanpa otoritas” dan “agama tidak dapat tumbuh tanpa otoritas”, Pandangan pertama didasarkan pada argu­mentasi bahwa agama merupakan pemahaman total terhadap ketuhanan. Yang dibutuhkan dalam konteks ini adalah ketundukan terhadap Tuhan semata. Sementara pandangan kedua didasarkan pada argumentasi bahwa agama merupakan hak individual untuk berkomunikasi dan menyerahkan diri kepada Tuhan,namun di dalam lingkup sosial perkembangan agama mem­butuh­kan “penyebar” yang memiliki kredibilitas untuk berbicara dan me­nyampai­kan pesan-pesan agama. Namun demikian, dalam kenyataannya otori­tas agama bukan merupakan hal yang statis, namun dinamis. Tingkat otoritas keagamaan dan inter relasi antar tingkat-tingkat otoritas merupakan bagian dari dinamika tersebut.
Conocimientos, actitudes, susceptibilidad y autoeficacia frente a la infección por VIH en adolescentes de Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Castillo Avila Irma Yolanda , Ramirez Aguilar Jennifer Paola , Silva Yepes Karen Patricia , Caballero Pacheco Maria Alejandra , Arrieta Yepes Karen 
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes, susceptibilidad y autoeficacia frente a la infección por VIH en adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Cartagena. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con una población de referencia de 15.686 adolescentes de instituciones educativas oficiales matriculados en los grados 10º y 11º. Se estimó una muestra de 580 adolescentes, aplicando un muestreo multi-etapico probabilístico. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó la Escala VIH/SIDA-65, previo consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa Microsoft Excel y analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Un total de 579 adolescentes completaron satisfactoriamente el cuestionario, con un promedio de edad de 15,6 años (DE = 0,9 años), mayoritariamente de sexo femenino (65,6% (380)). El 45% (261) presenta conocimientos deficientes, 55% (318) ideas erróneas sobre la enfermedad, 69,6% (400) mostraron actitudes negativas, 46,1% (266) no se consideran susceptibles para contraer la enfermedad y 49,5% (286) mostró baja autoeficacia para la prevención de la infección. Conclusión: Los pocos conocimientos sobre el VIH y sus modos de transmisión, mezclados con ideas erróneas aumentan la probabilidad de contraer la infección entre los adolescentes, sobre todo, cuando se suman actitudes negativas, baja percepción de susceptibilidad y poca autoeficacia para la prevención.
Porto Maravilha: vivências e experiências culturais no espaço urbano ressignificado
Authors: Ferreira Freitas Ricardo , Barroso de Mello Flávia 
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho pretende analisar, a partir de algumas manifestações culturais que se concretizam no Porto Maravilha, a gradual afirmação de um processo de identificação cultural dos sujeitos atores que se materializa na região. A análise conjugou as teorias que tratam de cidade, imaginário e identidade cultural para identificar como os espaços urbanos no porto são (re)apropriados e reconfigurados pelas representações culturais e sensíveis dos atores que nele operam. Observa-se, assim, o compartilhamento dos espaços entre diferentes sujeitos que reinventam simbolicamente a região e fundam um novo éthos, a despeito das intâncias de poder que atuam com o objetivo de homogeneizar o imaginário e inserir uma lógica simbólica de consumo na região.
La conception d’une régulation par lignées génériques d’instruments
Authors: Nakhla Michel 
Published: May 2017

Cet article réinterprète la régulation dans les industries de service public comme une « stratégie de conception » qui combine différents types d’instruments de gestion. Il met en évidence qu’une analyse de l’institutionnalisation des réformes n’est pas séparable d’une analyse des instruments mobilisés. L’article met également en évidence le concept de l’institution de « second ordre » constituée d’instruments qui conduisent progressivement à la conception d’une nouvelle régulation coincée entre une logique d’intuitu personae et une logique d’efficience économique.
Nouvelle mise en perspective d’un corpus de peintures awadhi occidentalisantes
Authors: Thorez Eric-Selvam 
Published: May 2017

１７６０ 〜 １７９５ 年 に か け て 、 ム ガ ル 帝 国 の 衰 退 に 乗 じ て 、 （ 北 イ ン ド の ） ア ワ ド
(Awadh) の 勢 力 は 大 き く 発 展 し 、 ム ガ ル の 貴 族 や ヨ ー ロ ッ パ の 軍 属 出 身 の 多 く の 実 業 家 を 引 き 寄 せ た 。 こ れ ら の エ リ ー ト 層 の 人 々 は 、 芸 術 の 愛 好 家 で 、 古 典 的 文 化 や 骨 董 品 を 好 み 、 多 様 な 影 響 を 受 け 継 い だ 華 や か で 複 雑 な 絵 画 様 式 の 開 花 を 促 し た 。 本 論 で は 、 西 欧 的 図 像 を 好 む ア マ チ ュ ア の パ ト ロ ン の た め に 、 こ の 時 期 の ア ワ ド 地 域 で 作 製 さ れ た と 思 わ れ る い く つ か の 絵 画 を 、 上 記 の 環 境 の 中 に 位 置 づ け て 考 察 し た 。 今 日 で は 、 こ の 一 連 の 作 品 は 、 さ ま ざ ま な コ レ ク シ ョ ン に 分 散 さ れ て お り 、 互 い の 関 連 を 指 摘 さ れ た こ と は な か っ た が 、 そ の テ ー マ と 様 式 か ら 見 て 、 一 つ の 統 一 的 な 作 品 群 を 構 成 し て お り 、 同 じ 時 期 に 、 特 定 の 場 所 で 製 作 さ れ た と 考 え る こ と が で き る 。 こ れ ら の 絵 画 は ま た 、 あ る 種 の 特 徴 的 な 色 彩 の 様 式 を 示 し て い る 。 主 要 な テ ー マ が 暗 い 背 景 の 中 に 鮮 や か な 色 彩 で 描 か れ て い る の で あ る 。 こ の 新 た な 位 置 づ け に よ っ て 、 わ れ わ れ は こ れ ら の 絵 画 を そ の モ デ ル と 比 較 す る こ と が で き 、 ま た 、 絵 師 た ち が モ デ ル の 図 像 的 要 素 に 対 し て ど の 程 度 の 自 由 を 持 っ て い た か に つ い て 、 ま た そ の 作 成 時 期 に つ い て 、 新 た な 推 測 を 試 み る こ と が で き る 。
Nonlinear Evolution of Short-wavelength Torsional Alfvén Waves
Authors: Shestov S. V. , Nakariakov V. M. , Ulyanov A. S. , Reva A. A. , Kuzin S. V. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We analyze nonlinear evolution of torsional Alfvén waves in a straight magnetic flux tube filled in with a low-β plasma, and surrounded with a plasma of lower density. Such magnetic tubes model, in particular, a segment of a coronal loop or a polar plume. The wavelength is taken comparable to the tube radius. We perform a numerical simulation of the wave propagation using ideal magnetohydrodynamics. We find that a torsional wave nonlinearly induces three kinds of compressive flows: the parallel flow at the Alfvén speed, which constitutes a bulk plasma motion along the magnetic field, the tube wave, and also transverse flows in the radial direction, associated with sausage fast magnetoacoustic modes. In addition, the nonlinear torsional wave steepens and its propagation speed increases. The latter effect leads to the progressive distortion of the torsional wave front, i.e., nonlinear phase mixing. Because of the intrinsic non-uniformity of the torsional wave amplitude across the tube radius, the nonlinear effects are more pronounced in regions with higher wave amplitudes. They are always absent at the axes of the flux tube. In the case of a linear radial profile of the wave amplitude, the nonlinear effects are localized in an annulus region near the tube boundary. Thus, the parallel compressive flows driven by torsional Alfvén waves in the solar and stellar coronae, are essentially non-uniform in the perpendicular direction. The presence of additional sinks for the wave energy reduces the efficiency of the nonlinear parallel cascade in torsional Alfvén waves.
English Animation Dubbing Based Techniques and Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Nativelike Pronunciation Development
Authors: Karimzadeh Pooneh , Rezaei Ghahroudi Maryam 
Published: May 2017

This research was an attempt to investigate the remarkable dubbing techniques that can improve communicative competence to achieve appropriate level of speaking abilities. The growth of technology increases the need for learning an international language. Because of this learners tend to improve their speaking abilities specifically the suprasegmental features that can shed light on the quality of their interaction and communication. Since EFL learners’ muscles need to be well developed to produce the new words of the target language, pronunciation becomes so difficult. The main focus of this study was the investigation of a great deal of variety in the dubbing techniques that lead to more rehearsal, high motivation, self-confident and more successful English speakers. In order to investigate the relationship between dubbing and improved suprasegmental features, 24 homogeneous intermediate 10-15 year old learners were chosen from 40 randomly by an oral test that was divided to two sub groups, i.e,12 in experimental who received treatment and 12 in control group without that. Students took posttest orally and their performances were recorded and investigated. The result of data analysis indicated that dubbing based strategies have a significant influence on native like pronunciation development.
Equations of state of iron nitrides ε‐Fe3Nx and γ‐Fe4Ny to 30 GPa and 1200 K and implication for nitrogen in the Earth's core
Authors: Litasov K. D. , Shatskiy A. , Ponomarev D. S. , Gavryushkin P. N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNitrogen abundance is one of the most uncertain among all elements in the Earth's interior. Recent data indicate an affinity between Fe‐nitrides and Fe‐carbides in the Earth's mantle and inner core. In this work P‐V‐T equations of state of ε‐Fe3N0.8 and ε‐Fe3N1.26 (which is close to Fe7N3) have been determined using a combination of multianvil and synchrotron radiation techniques at pressures up to 30 GPa and temperatures up to 1473 K. A fit of the P‐V‐T data to the Vinet‐Rydberg and Mie‐Grüneisen‐Debye equations of state yields the following thermoelastic parameters for the ε‐Fe3N0.8: V0 = 81.44(2) Å3, KT0 = 157(3) GPa, KT′ = 5.3 (fixed), θ0 = 555 K (fixed), γ0 = 1.83(1), and q = 1.34(18). For ε‐Fe3N1.26 we obtained V0 = 86.18(2) Å3, KT0 = 163(2) GPa, KT′ = 5.3(2), θ0 = 562(90) K, γ0 = 1.85(2), and q = 0.55(24). It is likely that all presumably paramagnetic ε‐Fe3Nx with x = 0.75–1.5 have similar thermoelastic properties with a minor increase of the bulk modulus with increasing N content. The melting temperature of ε‐Fe3Nx increases from approximately 1473 to 1573 K in the pressure range from 5 to 30 GPa. We also determined a preliminary equation of state for γ‐Fe4Ny and calculated y = 0.35(2) from the data at 20–30 GPa. Combining the results with a recent experimental study on the stability of β‐Fe7N3, isostructural with Fe7C3, and a theoretical study of the magnetic transitions in ε‐Fe3Nx, we estimate the density of Fe‐nitrides at the Earth's inner core conditions. Our results indicate that at 5000–6000 K, 2.0–3.2 wt % N can explain the density deficit in Earth's inner core.
Role of convective mixing and evaporative cooling in shallow convection
Authors: Park Seung‐Bu , Heus Thijs , Gentine Pierre 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations of shallow convection are used to evaluate the role of convective mixing and evaporative cooling in the vertical transport of mass, heat, and moisture in nonprecipitating shallow convection. Evaporative cooling is found to increase mass flux and the magnitude of heat and moisture fluxes, comparing twin large‐eddy simulations with either suppressed or active evaporative cooling. Nonetheless, subsiding shells transport mass downward even when evaporative cooling is suppressed, emphasizing that evaporative cooling is not the primary cause of existence of subsiding shells and accompanied buoyancy reversal. Instead, vertical convective mixing is found to be the primary reason of buoyancy reversal. Evaporative cooling yet accelerates downdrafts (updrafts) in the shell (cloudy) regions as well as increases the cloud cover in the lower cloud layer. The cloudy regions are more humid, and the liquid water potential temperature is lower compared to the evaporative‐cooling‐suppressed experiment. The primary effect of evaporative cooling is thus to increase the updraft core anomalies, thus enhancing vertical turbulent fluxes.
Dual responsive polymeric bionanocomposite gel beads for controlled drug release systems
Authors: Nikjoo Dariush , Aroguz Ayse Z. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTScientists are searching potential solutions for cancer treatments as well as ways to avoid the side effects of anti‐cancer agents, via targeted drug delivery. The aim of this research is to propose dual responsive beads based on sodium alginate (SA), methylcellulose (MC), and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) for controlled release of 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) as model drug. The beads were prepared by the dual crosslinking of SA and MC in the presence of MIONs. The structural, thermal, morphological, magnetic characteristics as well as the release profile of 5‐FU were studied. The characterization results showed that the drug molecules and MIONs were well dispersed in the polymeric matrix. The cumulative release percentage was ca. 80% at pH = 4.2 and 40% at pH = 7.2 after 6 h. Thus, the sensitivity of beads on the pH value was verified. Moreover, the release profile exhibited reduction with an increase in the concentration of MIONs under an external magnetic field. The obtained results confirmed the dual sensitive release of 5‐FU (i.e., PH/magnetic) that can be used for the targeted and controlled drug delivery systems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45143.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)‐α‐Lycorane, (−)‐Zephyranthine, and Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Clivonine
Authors: Chen Yong‐Jian , Cai Sen‐Lin , Wang Chuan‐Chuan , Cheng Jin‐Duo , Kramer Søren , Sun Xing‐Wen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn asymmetric route to (−)‐α‐lycorane and (−)‐zephyranthine, and a formal total synthesis of (+)‐clivonine were achieved. A pivotal intermediate, which serves as a potent precursor for the divergent syntheses of these natural products, was accessed by a diastereoselective Pd‐catalyzed cinnamylation of an N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imine.