bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-temperature CO / HC gas sensors to optimize firewood combustion in low-power fireplaces
Authors: Ojha Binayak , Illyaskutty Navas , Knoblauch Jens , Balachandran Muthu Raman , Kohler Heinz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In order to optimize firewood combustion in low-power firewood-fuelled fireplaces, a novel combustion airstream control concept based on the signals of in situ sensors for combustion temperature, residual oxygen concentration and residual un-combusted or partly combusted pyrolysis gas components (CO and HC) has been introduced. A comparison of firing experiments with hand-driven and automated airstream-controlled furnaces of the same type showed that the average CO emissions in the high-temperature phase of the batch combustion can be reduced by about 80 % with the new control concept. Further, the performance of different types of high-temperature CO / HC sensors (mixed-potential and metal oxide types), with reference to simultaneous exhaust gas analysis by a high-temperature FTIR analysis system, was investigated over 20 batch firing experiments (∼ 80 h). The distinctive sensing behaviour with respect to the characteristically varying flue gas composition over a batch firing process is discussed. The calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficients reveals that mixed-potential sensor signals correlate more with CO and CH4; however, different metal oxide sensitive layers correlate with different gas species: 1 % Pt / SnO2 designates the presence of CO and 2 % ZnO / SnO2 designates the presence of hydrocarbons. In the case of a TGS823 sensor element, there was no specific correlation with one of the flue gas components observed. The stability of the sensor signals was evaluated through repeated exposure to mixtures of CO, N2 and synthetic air after certain numbers of firing experiments and exhibited diverse long-term signal instabilities.
The syntax-phonology mapping of intonational phrases in complex sentences: A flexible approach
Authors: Hamlaoui Fatima , Szendrői Kriszta 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we extend to complex sentences the proposal that the notion of clause in ALIGN/MATCH constraints related to the syntax-prosody mapping of the intonational phrase should be determined in each language (and each construction) by making reference to the highest syntactic phrase whose head is overtly filled by the verb (or verbal material) (Hamlaoui &amp; Szendrői 2015). We propose that while root-clauses have a privileged status from the syntax-to- prosody mapping perspective, all clauses are equal in the prosody-to-syntax mapping. In the spirit of the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2005), we bring in extragrammatical motivation for the proposed mapping principles from parsing and learnability. This allows us to account for the fact that, whereas in many languages like Bàsàá (Bantu) and Hungarian (Finno-Ugric), only root clauses normally map onto intonational phrases, additional intonational phrase edges can be found under the pressure of high-ranked prosodic, processing or information-structural requirements. This is the case with Hungarian embedded foci and Bàsàá embedded topics where, we argue, embedded ι edges are meant to satisfy STRESSFOCUS and ALIGNTOPIC, respectively. In languages where embedded clauses seem to map onto their own intonational phrases more generally, such as Japanese or Luganda, further independent constraints should be evoked. This article is part of the special collection: Prosody and Constituent Structure
Leadership, Culture, and Ethics in The Polish Context
Authors: Odrowąż-Coates Anna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The core purpose of the article is to discuss the Polish business leadership style in a wider perspective. It includes a broad literature review that describes management styles in Poland and draws some comparisons to other countries. The essay contains a discussion on ethics in education, business, and political leadership and their connection to social trust, social capital, and managerial practices. The author argues that a positive change in business ethics and in leadership styles may be inspired by transnational exchanges of practices and from improvements in the Polish education system.
Estudo Bibliográfico sobre o Processo de Construção de Jogos Digitais: A Necessidade de Sinergia entre o Educar e o Divertir
Authors: Cox Kenia Kodel , Bittencourt Roberto Almeida 
Published: June 2017

According to statistics, 179 million people, 61% of the online mundial population, use digital games. According to research, games can lead their users to favorable learning conditions, which may turn them into viable teaching tools. However, studies suggest that educational games have not been designed according to coherent scientific and methodological foundations. Hence, industry and community are producing either fun games with low educational potential or games that educate without amusing, and/or motivating. Considering the above, this work has the objective of investigating how to promote synergy the fun and education in the construction of educational games. To this end we seek to answer the cutouts that permeate the creation of a game: what characterizes them, their types, which motivates players, and their construction process.
Recent trends in the management of acute pain in children
Authors: Litman Ronald S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The author provides practitioners with a summary of recent trends in the management of acute pain in children. This review encompasses pharmacologic techniques as they pertain to two common acutely painful conditions in children: postoperative and procedural pain. In the area of postoperative analgesia, reviewed are the use of regional anesthesia, spinal opioids, antagonists, preemptive analgesia, and patient-controlled analgesia. In the area of procedural pain, current standards for safety guidelines and several recently introduced sedative and analgesic medications are discussed. The author emphasizes that the proper and safe alleviation of acute pain in the pediatric population is not only feasible but is currently the standard of care in the United States.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rubin Bernard R. , Pertusi Raymond M. , Blackwell Deborah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Musculoskeletal problems account for the majority of initial complaints attended to by primary care physicians. It is likely that a child who eventually has juvenile rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed will initially be evaluated by a family physician or a pediatrician. Primary care physicians will play an increasingly important role in management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, as the availability of specialists in many communities is limited, and access to them may be further limited by managed care initiatives. This article offers a brief review of the definition and classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and introduces a diagnostic algorithm to provide a simplified approach toward evaluating children with arthritis. Treatment and outcomes are summarized in text and graphic formats.
Assessing trends and uncertainties in satellite‐era ocean chlorophyll using space‐time modeling
Authors: Hammond Matthew L. , Beaulieu Claudie , Sahu Sujit K. , Henson Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe presence, magnitude, and even direction of long‐term trends in phytoplankton abundance over the past few decades are still debated in the literature, primarily due to differences in the data sets and methodologies used. Recent work has suggested that the satellite chlorophyll record is not yet long enough to distinguish climate change trends from natural variability, despite the high density of coverage in both space and time. Previous work has typically focused on using linear models to determine the presence of trends, where each grid cell is considered independently from its neighbors. However, trends can be more thoroughly evaluated using a spatially resolved approach. Here a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model is fitted to quantify trends in ocean chlorophyll from September 1997 to December 2013. The approach used in this study explicitly accounts for the dependence between neighboring grid cells, which allows us to estimate trend by “borrowing strength” from the spatial correlation. By way of comparison, a model without spatial correlation is also fitted. This results in a notable loss of accuracy in model fit. Additionally, we find an order of magnitude smaller global trend, and larger uncertainty, when using the spatiotemporal model: −0.023 ± 0.12% yr−1 as opposed to −0.38 ± 0.045% yr−1 when the spatial correlation is not taken into account. The improvement in accuracy of trend estimates and the more complete account of their uncertainty emphasize the solution that space‐time modeling offers for studying global long‐term change.
On the nonstationarity of collisionless shocks and its impact on deriving the cross‐shock potential
Authors: Marghitu Octav , Comişel Horia , Scholer Manfred 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecently, Comişel et al. (2015) suggested an adaptation of the deHoffmann‐Teller (HT) frame, to take into account the magnetic field fluctuations observed nearby and inside a quasi‐perpendicular collisionless shock. Such fluctuations can be quite large, making the standard HT frame unsuitable for studies of the electric field, cross‐shock potential, and electron energy gain. While the HT frame is appropriate to cancel the motional electric field for steady state shocks, a similar effect is achieved with the adaptive HT (AHT) frame under time varying conditions, albeit by a local rather than global transformation. The sliding AHT motion parallel to the shock surface changes from point to point and time to time, unlike the regular motion of the HT frame. On the other hand, in both cases the electric field at each point is normal to the 1‐D shock and its integral across the shock is equal to the integral of the parallel electric field along the magnetic field line. In this paper we elaborate the concept of the AHT frame, illustrate it with a 1‐D simulation, and point out the association of magnetic field fluctuations with electron phase space structures, apparently related to electron trapping by dispersive whistler waves in the foot of the shock. The AHT frame may help assessing the relative weight of nonstationarity at shocks and other MHD discontinuities, by simulated and observed data, under various plasma regimes.
Evidence for marine biogenic influence on summertime Arctic aerosol
Authors: Willis Megan D. , Köllner Franziska , Burkart Julia , Bozem Heiko , Thomas Jennie L. , Schneider Johannes , Aliabadi Amir A. , Hoor Peter M. , Schulz Hannes , Herber Andreas B. , Leaitch W. Richard , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present vertically resolved observations of aerosol composition during pristine summertime Arctic background conditions. The methansulfonic acid (MSA)‐to‐sulfate ratio peaked near the surface (mean 0.10), indicating a contribution from ocean‐derived biogenic sulfur. Similarly, the organic aerosol (OA)‐to‐sulfate ratio increased toward the surface (mean 2.0). Both MSA‐to‐sulfate and OA‐to‐sulfate ratios were significantly correlated with FLEXPART‐WRF‐predicted air mass residence time over open water, indicating marine‐influenced OA. External mixing of sea salt aerosol from a larger number fraction of organic, sulfate, and amine‐containing particles, together with low wind speeds (median 4.7 m s−1), suggests a role for secondary organic aerosol formation. Cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were nearly constant (∼120 cm−3) when the OA fraction was <60% and increased to 350 cm−3 when the organic fraction was larger and residence times over open water were longer. Our observations illustrate the importance of marine‐influenced OA under Arctic background conditions, which are likely to change as the Arctic transitions to larger areas of open water.
The effect of ilmenite viscosity on the dynamics and evolution of an overturned lunar cumulate mantle
Authors: Zhang Nan , Dygert Nick , Liang Yan , Parmentier E. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLunar cumulate mantle overturn and the subsequent upwelling of overturned mantle cumulates provide a potential framework for understanding the first‐order thermochemical evolution of the Moon. Upwelling of ilmenite‐bearing cumulates (IBCs) after the overturn has a dominant influence on the dynamics and long‐term thermal evolution of the lunar mantle. An important parameter determining the stability and convective behavior of the IBC is its viscosity, which was recently constrained through rock deformation experiments. To examine the effect of IBC viscosity on the upwelling of overturned lunar cumulate mantle, here we conduct three‐dimensional mantle convection models with an evolving core superposed by an IBC‐rich layer, which resulted from mantle overturn after magma ocean solidification. Our modeling shows that a reduction of mantle viscosity by 1 order of magnitude, due to the presence of ilmenite, can dramatically change convective planform and long‐term lunar mantle evolution. Our model results suggest a relatively stable partially molten IBC layer that has surrounded the lunar core to the present day.
Impacts of El Niño and La Niña on interannual snow accumulation in the Andes: Results from a high‐resolution 31 year reanalysis
Authors: Cortés Gonzalo , Margulis Steven 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present new insights on extratropical Andean snow climatology (27°S to 37°S) based on the results from a 31 year high‐resolution reanalysis. The snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates were generated by integrating observed snow depletion data from Landsat together with a snow model forced by the Modern‐era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. The spatial resolution (180 m), geographic extent (175,000 km2), and temporal span (1984–2015) constitute an unprecedented data set for the region. SWE reaches annual peak volumes between 13 and 66 km3, with a climatological average of 27.7 km3. A positive correlation between SWE and the Oceanic Niño Index (R2 = 0.35) exists for the region, with a strengthening of the signal from north to south, peaking at 34°S. Although the correlation between El Niño and positive SWE anomalies is significant, La Niña was not found to drive negative anomalies beyond what is observed during non‐La Niña years.
Insolation forcing of coccolithophore productivity in the western tropical Indian Ocean over the last two glacial‐interglacial cycles
Authors: Tangunan Deborah , Baumann Karl‐Heinz , Pätzold Jürgen , Henrich Rüdiger , Kucera Michal , De Pol‐Holz Ricardo , Groeneveld Jeroen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a new coccolithophore productivity reconstruction spanning the last 300 ka in core GeoB12613‐1 retrieved from the western tropical Indian Ocean (IO), an area that mainly derives its warm and oligotrophic surface waters from the eastern IO. Application of a calibrated assemblage‐based productivity index indicates a reduction in estimated primary productivity (EPP) from 300 ka to the present, with reconstructed EPP values ranging from 91 to 246 g C/m2/yr. Coccolithophore assemblages and coccolith fraction Sr/Ca indicate three main phases of productivity change, with major changes at 160 and 46 ka. The productivity and water‐column stratification records show both dominant precession and obliquity periodicities, which appear to control the paleoproductivity in the study area over the last two glacial‐interglacial cycles. Shallowing of the thermocline due to strengthening of the trade winds in response to insolation maxima resulted to peaks in EPP. Comparison with the eastern IO productivity and stratification coccolithophore data reveals good correspondence with our records, indicating a strong tropical Pacific influence in our study area. Both of these records show high productivity from 300 to 160 ka, interpreted to be due to stronger Walker Circulation while the declining productivity from 160 ka to the present day is a consequence of its weakening intensity.
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Incorporating Input From a Patient Panel
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Miller Amy S. , Turgunbaev Marat , Guyatt Gordon , Yates Adolph , Springer Bryan , Singh Jasvinder A. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the integral role of a Patient Panel in the development of the 2017 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) clinical practice guideline.MethodsWe convened a Panel of 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, all of whom had undergone 1 or more arthroplasties, to review the evidence and provide guidance on recommendations for the 2017 ACR/AAHKS guideline to address the perioperative management of antirheumatic medication in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty. The guideline used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology that acknowledges the critical role of patient values and preferences when the quality of the evidence base is low or when there are important trade‐offs between benefits and harms. The Patient Panel considered the relative importance of complications including perioperative infection versus rheumatic disease flare and voted on the recommendations. Before the Voting Panel's own discussion of the recommendations, they reviewed a summary of the Patient Panel's discussion, including their perioperative experience, the relative importance they placed on infections versus flares in the perioperative period, and their votes on the recommendations.ResultsThe Patient Panel placed higher importance on avoiding an infection than a disease flare despite the far greater frequency of flares than infections. The decisions of the Voting Panel were concordant with those of the Patient Panel. For the 7 recommendations that both Panels voted on, the Panels agreed on the direction as well as the strength of recommendation (which was conditional for all recommendations).ConclusionThe Voting Panel considered the importance that the patients placed on risk of infection. The Patient Panel's values informed the direction and strength of the recommendations in the final 2017 ACR/AAHKS guideline.
Structure–Property Relationships of Organic Electrolytes and Their Effects on Li/S Battery Performance
Authors: Kaiser Mohammad Rejaul , Chou Shulei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Wang Chunsheng , Wang Jiazhao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectrolytes, which are a key component in electrochemical devices, transport ions between the sulfur/carbon composite cathode and the lithium anode in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). The performance of a LSB mostly depends on the electrolyte due to the dissolution of polysulfides into the electrolyte, along with the formation of a solid–electrolyte interphase. The selection of the electrolyte and its functionality during charging and discharging is intricate and involves multiple reactions and processes. The selection of the proper electrolyte, including solvents and salts, for LSBs strongly depends on its physical and chemical properties, which is heavily controlled by its molecular structure. In this review, the fundamental properties of organic electrolytes for LSBs are presented, and an attempt is made to determine the relationship between the molecular structure and the properties of common organic electrolytes, along with their effects on the LSB performance.
Anisotropic Metal Deposition on TiO2 Particles by Electric‐Field‐Induced Charge Separation
Authors: Tiewcharoen Supakit , Warakulwit Chompunuch , Lapeyre Veronique , Garrigue Patrick , Fourier Lucas , Elissalde Catherine , Buffière Sonia , Legros Philippe , Gayot Marion , Limtrakul Jumras , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDeposition of metals on TiO2 semiconductor particles (M‐TiO2) results in hybrid Janus objects combining the properties of both materials. One of the techniques proposed to generate Janus particles is bipolar electrochemistry (BPE). The concept can be applied in a straightforward way for the site‐selective modification of conducting particles, but is much less obvious to use for semiconductors. Herein we report the bulk synthesis of anisotropic M‐TiO2 particles based on the synergy of BPE and photochemistry, allowing the intrinsic limitations, when they are used separately, to be overcome. When applying electric fields during irradiation, electrons and holes can be efficiently separated, thus breaking the symmetry of particles by modifying them selectively and in a wireless way on one side with either gold or platinum. Such hybrid materials are an important first step towards high‐performance designer catalyst particles, for example for photosplitting of water.
Janusarene: A Homoditopic Molecular Host
Authors: Li Tao , Fan Luoyi , Gong Hao , Xia Zeming , Zhu Yanpeng , Jiang Nianqiang , Jiang Long , Liu Gaofeng , Li Yang , Wang Jiaobing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA homoditopic molecular host, janusarene, is presented that has two back‐to‐back compactly arranged nanocavities for guest complexation. The unique two‐face structural feature of janusarene allows it to bind and align various guest compounds concurrently, which include spherical pristine fullerene C60 and planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as pyrene, perylene, and 9,10‐dimethylanthracene. The host–guest interactions were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. A pairwise encapsulation of the PAH guests by janusarene enables PAH dimers to be obtained that deliver spectroscopic properties distinct from those of PAHs dissolved in solution, or in the bulk state. A monotopic control host was also synthesized and used to characterize the host–guest complexing behavior in solution.
Does Sexual Selection Influence Ornamentation of Hemipenes in Old World Snakes?
Authors: Andonov Kostadin , Natchev Nikolay , Kornilev Yurii V. , Tzankov Nikolay 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we investigated and documented the morphology of the male copulatory organs (hemipenes) in fifteen wide‐ranging snake species. The species represent four families (Boidae, Colubridae, Lamprophiidae, and Viperidae) and ten genera. We applied the same preparation techniques for all species, successfully everting and expanding the organs completely. The detailed description of the general morphology of the male copulatory organs was based on 31 specimens. Our data were compared with published observations and we point out some incorrectly described details in previous investigations. We provide the first description of the hemipenial morphology for three ophidian species (Elaphe sauromates, Telescopus fallax, and Malpolon insignitus). In addition to the morphological characteristics of the hemipenes presented in the research, we propose the adoption of a standardized index describing the hemipenial proportions. The immense variation in hemipenial morphology presupposes its dynamic evolution, but we suggest that many of the significant structures observed here may have escaped previous researchers due to differing methodologies. Some of the highly ornamented morphologies that we describe are consistent with a locking mechanism during copulation. However, other morphologies may relate to the variety of mating behaviors observed. As a result, we propose that sexual selection is the major driver affecting the hemipenial ornamentation in snakes. Anat Rec, 300:1680–1694, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.