bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of Synergies Is Dependent on Spasticity and Gait Kinetics in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hashiguchi Yu , Ohata Koji , Osako Sayuri , Kitatani Ryosuke , Aga Yumi , Masaki Mitsuhiro , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
Children with cerebral palsy have motor dysfunctions, which are mainly associated with the loss of motor coordination. For the assessment of motor coordination, muscle synergies calculated by nonnegative matrix factorization have been investigated. However, the characteristics of muscle synergies in children with cerebral palsy are not understood.

Methods:
This study compared the number of muscle synergies during gait between children with cerebral palsy and children with typical development and clarified whether certain clinical parameters differed according to the number of synergies.

Results:
Children with cerebral palsy had significantly fewer synergies than children developing typically. The extent of spasticity and gait kinetics differed according to the number of synergies.

Conclusion:
Increases in the number of synergies are limited by severe spasticity. The muscle synergies calculated by nonnegative matrix factorization have the potential to enable the quantification of motor coordination during gait.
Interrelationships of Functional Status and Health Conditions in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Bartlett Doreen , Dyszuk Emily , Galuppi Barbara , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To examine the relationship among the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to determine the average number and effect of health conditions.

Methods:
Participants were 671 children with CP aged 2 to 12 years from Canada and the United States. Cross-tabulation of functional classifications and averages were computed for the number and impact of health conditions and comparisons among groups.

Results:
A total of 78 of the 125 possible classification combinations were recorded. Most frequent were GMFCS I, MACS I, CFCS I; GMFCS I, MACS II, CFCS I; and GMFCS II, MACS II, CFCS I. With lower levels of function, the average number and average impact of associated health conditions increased.

Conclusions:
The use of functional profiles across classification systems, with data on the associated health conditions, provides a more comprehensive picture of CP than any single classification or measure.
Development of a Postburn Pruritus Relief Protocol
Authors: Kim Yeon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Postburn pruritus is a syndrome of stressful symptoms that is pervasive and occurs in over 90% of burn patients and continues for years after the burn has healed. Postburn pruritus is experienced by burn survivors that may require medical management and effective interventions.

Purpose
This article shows how to effectively relieve postburn pruritus by developing a postburn pruritus relief protocol.

Design
A descriptive literature review was conducted, and relevant empirical articles written during the years 2000–2014 were appraised to create a postburn pruritus relief protocol. Twenty-six of 79 articles were selected using preestablished inclusion criteria: any age group experiencing burn-related pruritus after second- or third-degree burns. Databases were Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, EBSCO, PubMed, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, Google Scholar, and the American Burn Association website.

Conclusions
This protocol included both nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions that have been delineated for use and was developed to apply based on the healing stage: prehealing, healing, and posthealing.
Uncertainty and Quality of Life in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Delis Pamela Coombs 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore relationships among health status, uncertainty, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Design
The study was a Web-based quantitative study using a predictive correlational design, with nonprobability, convenience sampling.

Sample
Adults (n = 196) with SLE living in 31 U.S. states and Puerto Rico participated in the study.

Methods
Online data were collected from three regional and one national lupus organization. A correlational design determined relationships among uncertainty, health status, and HRQOL. Regression analysis was completed to identify variations in HRQOL. Demographics were described.

Results
As predicted, inverse relationships occurred between HRQOL and uncertainty, and between mental health and uncertainty. Mental health correlated positively with HRQOL. Physical health correlated with lower HRQOL and higher uncertainty level. Health status plus uncertainty predicted variation in HRQOL.

Conclusions
Findings support use of Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory for exploring factors related to HRQOL in adults with SLE and for designing theory-based interventions such as support groups and coping strategies.

Clinical Relevance
Decreasing uncertainty through education, social support, improvement in health status, and health literacy can positively impact HRQOL in adults with SLE.
Cost evaluation during decision making in patients at early stages of psychosis
Authors: Ermakova Anna O. , Gileadi Nimrod , Knolle Franziska , Justicia Azucena , Anderson Rachel , Fletcher Paul C. , Moutoussis Michael , Murray Graham K. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTJumping to conclusions during probabilistic reasoning is a cognitive bias reliably observed in psychosis, and linked to delusion formation. Although the reasons for this cognitive bias are unknown, one suggestion is that psychosis patients may view sampling information as more costly. However, previous computational modelling has provided evidence that patients with chronic schizophrenia jump to conclusion because of noisy decision making. We developed a novel version of the classical beads-task, systematically manipulating the cost of information gathering in four blocks. For 31 individuals with early symptoms of psychosis and 31 healthy volunteers, we examined the numbers of ‘draws to decision’ when information sampling had no, a fixed, or an escalating cost. Computational modelling involved estimating a cost of information sampling parameter and a cognitive noise parameter. Overall patients sampled less information than controls. However, group differences in numbers of draws became less prominent at higher cost trials, where less information was sampled. The attenuation of group difference was not due to floor effects, as in the most costly block participants sampled more information than an ideal Bayesian agent. Computational modelling showed that, in the condition with no objective cost to information sampling, patients attributed higher costs to information sampling than controls (Mann-Whiney U=289, p=0.007), with marginal evidence of differences in noise parameter estimates (t=1.86 df=60, p=0.07). In patients, individual differences in severity of psychotic symptoms were statistically significantly associated with higher cost of information sampling (rho=0.6, p=0.001) but not with more cognitive noise (rho=0.27, p=0.14); in controls cognitive noise predicted aspects of schizotypy (preoccupation and distress associated with delusion-like ideation on the Peters Delusion Inventory). Using a psychological manipulation and computational modelling, we provide evidence that early psychosis patients jump to conclusions because of attributing higher costs to sampling information, not because of being primarily noisy decision makers.
Multiplicative Updates for Optimization Problems with Dynamics
Authors: Kazemipour Abbas , Babadi Behtash , Wu Min , Podgorski Kaspar , Druckmann Shaul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe consider the problem of optimizing general convex objective functions with nonnegativity constraints. Using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for the nonnegativity constraints we will derive fast multiplicative update rules for several problems of interest in signal processing, including non-negative deconvolution, point-process smoothing, ML estimation for Poisson Observations, nonnegative least squares and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). Our algorithm can also account for temporal and spatial structure and regularization. We will analyze the performance of our algorithm on simultaneously recorded neuronal calcium imaging and electrophysiology data.
The first recorded incidence of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 biofilm formation and its implications in heavy metals bioremediation
Authors: Shukla Sudhir K. , Subba Rao T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRadiation tolerant Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is reported to be a potential bacterium for the treatment of low level active wastes. So far there are no reports on the biofilm producing capability of D. radiodurans and heavy metal biosorption. In this study, it was observed that a recombinant D. radiodurans strain with a plasmid harbouring gfp and kanR has formed significant biofilm (~10 μm thick). Analysis of biofilm matrix components produced by D. radiodurans showed that the matrix consisted primarily of proteins and carbohydrates with a little amount of extracellular DNA (eDNA). Further, studies showed that D. radiodurans biofilm formation was enhanced at higher concentrations (up to 25 mM) of Ca2+. Further studies on D. radiodurans biofilm showed that Ca2+ enhanced significant biosorption of the heavy metals (Co, Ni). In the presence of 25 mM Ca2+, the D. radiodurans (Kanr) biofilm showed 35% and 25% removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ respectively. While in the absence of Ca2+, D. radiodurans biofilm showed relatively low biosorption of Co (7%) and Ni (3%). Ca2+ also significantly enhanced exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in the biofilm matrix. This infers that EPS could have mediated the heavy metal biosorption. This study signifies the potential use of D. radiodurans biofilm in the remediation of radioactive waste components.Significance and Impact of this StudyThis is the first ever recorded study on the Deinococcus radiodurans R1 biofilm. This organism, being the most radioresistant micro-organism ever known, has always been speculated as a potential bacterium to develop a bioremediation process for radioactive heavy metal contaminants. However, the lack of biofilm forming capability proved to be a bottleneck in developing such technology. This study records the first incidence of biofilm formation in a recombinant D. radiodurans, serendipitously, and also discusses its implications in removal of heavy-metals, such as Co and Ni.
Cooperation of thehavesand thehave-nots
Authors: Prabhakara Kaumudi H , Bae Albert J , Bodenschatz Eberhard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUpon starvation, Dictyostelium discoideum (D.d.) exhibit social behavior mediated by the chemical messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Large scale cAMP waves synchronize the population of starving cells and enable them to aggregate and form a multi-cellular organism. Here, we explore the effect of cell-to-cell variability in the production of cAMP on aggregation. We create a mixture of extreme cell-to-cell variability by mixing a few cells that produce cAMP(haves) with a majority of mutants that cannot produce cAMP (have-nots). Surprisingly, such mixtures aggregate, although each population on its own cannot aggregate. We show that (1) a lack of divalent ions kills thehavesat low densities and (2) thehave-notssupply the cAMP degrading enzyme, phosphodiesterase, which, in the presence of divalent ions, enables the mixture to aggregate. Our results suggest that a range of degradation rates induces optimal aggregation. Thehavesand thehave-notscooperate by sharing complementary resources.
Specificity of RNAi, LNA and CRISPRi as loss-of-function methods in transcriptional analysis
Authors: Stojic Lovorka , Lun Aaron , Mangei Jasmin , Mascalchi Patrice , Quarantotti Valentina , Barr Alexis R , Bakal Chris , Marioni John C , Gergely Fanni , Odom Duncan T 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTLoss-of-function (LOF) methods, such as RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides or CRISPR-based genome editing, provide unparalleled power for studying the biological function of genes of interest. When coupled with transcriptomic analyses, LOF methods allow researchers to dissect networks of transcriptional regulation. However, a major concern is nonspecific targeting, which involves depletion of transcripts other than those intended. The off-target effects of each of these common LOF methods have yet to be compared at the whole-transcriptome level. Here, we systematically and experimentally compared non-specific activity of RNAi, antisense oligonucleotides and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). All three methods yielded non-negligible offtarget effects in gene expression, with CRISPRi exhibiting clonal variation in the transcriptional profile. As an illustrative example, we evaluated the performance of each method for deciphering the role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) with unknown function. Although all LOF methods reduced expression of the candidate lncRNA, each method yielded different sets of differentially expressed genes upon knockdown as well as a different cellular phenotype. Therefore, to definitively confirm the functional role of a transcriptional regulator, we recommend the simultaneous use of at least two different LOF methods and the inclusion of multiple, specifically designed negative controls.
Subjective health literacy among school-aged children
Authors: Paakkari Olli , Torppa Minna , Villberg Jari , Kannas Lasse , Paakkari Leena 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore Finnish adolescents’ subjective health literacy (HL) in association to school achievement, learning difficulties, educational aspirations, and family affluence.

Design/methodology/approach
Nationally representative data were collected in Finland as a part of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. The respondents consisted in total of 3,833 adolescents (7th and 9th graders) from 359 schools. The Health Literacy for School-aged Children instrument was applied to measure adolescents’ subjective HL, while the Family Affluence Scale was used to measure adolescents’ socioeconomic status. Information was gathered on school achievement, learning difficulties, and educational aspirations.

Findings
Approximately one-third of the adolescents manifested a high level of HL, around 60 per cent had a moderate level of HL, and about one-tenth had low HL. The HL level was lower for boys than for girls, and lower for 7th graders than for 9th graders. In the total sample, the strongest explanatory variables for HL were school achievement in the first language, and educational aspirations.

Originality/value
This study provides the first nationally representative examination of adolescents’ subjective HL levels, and how these vary across age and gender groups. In drawing conclusions and presenting suggestions for HL interventions, it is important to verify the nature of the HL examined in any given study, and how it was researched.
Race and culture in the secondary school health and physical education curriculum in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Petherick LeAnne 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore issues of race and culture in health education in the secondary school health and physical education (HPE) curriculum in Ontario, Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Ontario’s secondary school curriculum as a point of analysis, this paper draws from critical race theory and a whiteness lens to identify how cultural and race identities are positioned in contemporary health education documents. The curriculum document and its newest strategies for teaching are the focus of analysis in this conceptual paper.

Findings
Within the curriculum new teaching strategies offer entry points for engaging students in learning more about culture and race. In particular, First Nation, Métis and Inuit identities are noted in the curriculum. Specifically, three areas of the curriculum point to topics of race and culture in health: eating; substance use, abuse and additions; and, movement activities. Within these three educational areas, the curriculum offers information about cultural practices to teach about what it means to understand health from a cultural lens.

Social implications
The HPE curriculum offers examples of how Ontario, Canada, is expanding its cultural approaches to knowing about and understanding health practices. The acknowledgment of First Nations, Métis and Inuit health and cultural ways of approaching health is significant when compared to other recently revised HPE curriculum from around the globe. The teaching strategies offered in the curriculum document provide one avenue to think about how identity, culture and race are being taught in health education classrooms.

Originality/value
First, with limited analysis of health education policy within schools, the use of critical theory provides opportunities for thinking about what comes next when broadening definitions of health to be more inclusive of cultural and race identity. Second, curriculum structures how teachers respond to the topics they are delivering, thus how HPE as a subject area promotes healthy practices is highly relevant to the field of health education. This paper provides an important acknowledgment of the educative work being undertaken in the revision of HPE curriculum.
Help chain in companies undergoing a lean implementation
Authors: Tortorella Guilherme , Fettermann Diego 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an instrument for assessing the relationships between the critical success factors (CSFs) that promote help chain, providing means to enhance overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and quality performance in companies undergoing a lean implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe aforementioned relationships were determined and validated through a survey carried out with 50 Brazilian manufacturers. The authors, thus, provide an empirically validated instrument for assessing help chain CSFs and their impact on key operational performance indicators with no parallel in the existing literature. Quality (incidence of scrap and rework in manufacturing processes) and OEE (overall equipment effectiveness measured in percentage) were chosen as performance indicators because of their recognized relevance in previous research related to help chain approach.FindingsThe results of this paper show that the size of the company and CSFs have a significant relationship with quality. However, for OEE, time of lean implementation seems to be significantly important to predict its performance.Originality/valueIdentifying relevant relationships between CSFs and performance indicators may contribute to specify the context in which problems are expected to occur. With that knowledge, manufacturers will be able to emphasize the development of such factors that tend to improve their operational performance. Therefore, possible correlations are investigated to obtain a clearer comprehension around the subject and enable a better understating over the boundary conditions that surround the problem.
Capital regulatory pressure, charter value and bank risk-taking: empirical evidence for China
Authors: Zhang Jinyi , Jiang Hai 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of induced capital regulatory pressure on banks’ charter value and risk-taking, and the influence of bank’s charter value on its risk-taking under such a capital regulatory pressure.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use two different estimations to check the robustness of the results. First, they apply a two-stage least squares mode to estimate the impact of capital requirements and bank charter value on bank risk-taking, with the influence of capital regulatory and market-force variables on bank charter value. Second, to reduce the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, the authors use dynamic panel data techniques as a check for robustness.

Findings
The empirical results show that higher capital requirements pressure brings about a lower charter value for banks, which in turn increases their risk-taking. The issue of banks’ risk-taking is also affected by their size: large banks seem to be more stable than their smaller counterparts.

Research limitations/implications
The authors’ findings suggest that regulatory pressure has had the desired impact on insolvency risk for Chinese banks due to the expected penalty triggered by a breach of capital requirements.

Practical implications
It is the first paper that investigates the impact of capital regulatory pressure on risk-taking of the Chinese banking system, which sheds light on concerns about regulatory monitoring of bank risk and capital regulatory framework.

Social implications
This paper measures the impact of capital regulation on Chinese bank charter value and risk-taking and offers some support for the implementation of Basel III in China.

Originality/value
The authors have constructed different measures of regulatory pressure to investigate the influence of new capital regulatory regime on banks’ behavior. Most importantly, the exogenous changes of banks’ capital ratio induced by capital regulatory pressure during the past decade that provides a unique opportunity to directly analyze the impact of capital regulatory pressure on bank charter value and risk-taking.
Mixed histiocytosis: A case report and published work review
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Li Yun , Liu Weiping , Li Jinfan , Wang Lin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHistiocytoses are a group of heterogeneous diseases that encompass Langerhans cell histiocytosis and non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cutaneous plane xanthoma is a non‐Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder characterized by the presence of yellow‐orange plaques on the face, neck, upper trunk and extremities. It can appear in association with several systemic diseases (including dyslipidemias, paraproteinemias, cardiovascular diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders), but is rarely connected with Langerhans cell histiocytoses. Eosinophilic granuloma is one of the clinical entities of Langerhans cell histiocytoses, characterized by skeletal lesions and occurring prominently in children. Mixed histiocytosis, the concomitant occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a single patient, is exceptional. We herein report a case of eosinophilic granuloma in an adult Chinese man who also developed plane xanthoma on his scalp and face, and we also include a published work review of the comorbid cases of eosinophilic granuloma and non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mixed histiocytosis of cutaneous plane xanthoma and eosinophilic granuloma in China.