bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market Timing and Internationalization Decisions: A Contingency Perspective
Authors: Yuan Lin , Qian Xiaolin , Pangarkar Nitin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDoes acquisition of low‐cost capital through market timing improve the likelihood of a firm's internationalization? Under what circumstances will the above relationship be stronger? These questions are the focus of our study. We integrate the arguments of the resource‐based view and the market timing theory to answer these questions. We constructed a sample of capital‐raising moves and international investments by 905 listed Chinese firms spanning the 1992–2012 period. Based on random‐effects regression analyses, we find that firms deploying market timing are indeed more likely to internationalize. We also find that this effect is stronger for initial entries than subsequent expansions in a country.
Treatment Outcomes Based on Patients’ Self‐Reported Measures after Receiving New Clasp or Precision Attachment‐Retained Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Peršić Sanja , Kranjčić Josip , Pavičić Daniela Kovačević , Mikić Vlatka Lajnert , Čelebić Asja 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate effects of a treatment taking into consideration esthetics, chewing, and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of two tooth replacement strategies for maxillary partially edentulous patients with clasp (C‐RPD) and precision attachment (PA‐RPD) retained removable partial dentures (RPD).Materials and MethodsThe study included 150 patients (72 men, 78 women) who received maxillary RPDs; 88 patients received clasp and 62 patients received precision attachment retained RPDs. Patients completed three questionnaires before treatment and again 3 months after treatment: the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES), the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), and the Chewing Function Questionnaire (CFQ). Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, paired t‐test, and two‐factor ANOVA.ResultsBoth RPD treatments yielded better after‐treatment summary scores when compared with the baseline scores (p < 0.01); however, better results were obtained in the PA‐RPD group. Gender, as a single factor, did not yield significant effects; mutual interaction of retention type and gender yielded significant effects. The PA‐RPD female group assessed esthetics, chewing function, and OHRQoL significantly better than males, and significantly worse than males in the C‐RPD group. The covariate baseline scores yielded statistically significant effects; patients with worse pretreatment condition benefited more from both therapies.ConclusionsTreatment outcomes were better in the PA‐RPD group than the C‐RPDs. Women showed greater concern for the treatment outcomes; their rates were significantly better than in male patients in the PA‐RPD group; however, when their satisfaction was lower, their rates were significantly worse than in male patients (in the C‐RPD group).
Evaluation of Different Polishing Systems and Speeds for Dental Zirconia
Authors: Chavali Ramakiran , Lin Chee Paul , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate two polishing systems and three polishing speeds on the gloss, roughness, and heat production of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP).Materials and MethodsA Y‐TZP block (Zenostar Zr Translucent) was sectioned into 4‐mm‐thick sections. Specimens (n = 30 per polishing system) were first wet ground with a fine diamond bur at 200,000 RPM for 15 seconds. The baseline gloss of all specimens was measured in a glossmeter (60° angle) in a direction perpendicular to grinding. Initial surface roughness (Ra) was determined on an optical profilometer in a direction perpendicular to grinding. The specimens were then polished with either a Dialite ZR Polishing Kit or a CeraMaster Polishing Kit. All grinding and polishing was performed by the same operator calibrated to apply approximately 2 N pressure. The medium grit polisher was used for 30 seconds, repeated for 30 seconds, and then the fine grit polisher was used. After each step, the gloss and roughness of each specimen was remeasured as described previously. Each polishing system was used at 5000, 15,000, and 40,000 RPM (n = 10 for each polish system/speed combination). A group of glazed specimens (n = 10) was evaluated for gloss and roughness as a control. The heat generated for each polishing step was measured with a thermocouple. The gloss and roughness of the specimens were analyzed using a linear mixed model and Tukey‐Kramer post‐hoc tests. Each step of polishing was compared to the glazed control group with an ANOVA and Dunnett's test.ResultsPolishing step, system, and speed were significant (p< 0.05) for gloss and roughness. Examination of system and step interaction was significant for gloss only. Post‐hoc analysis revealed that 15,000 RPM produced higher gloss and lower roughness than other speeds. Each progressive step produced an improvement in gloss except for initial 30 seconds with the CeraMaster Coarse (medium polisher;p= 0.34). Roughness was also reduced at each progressive step. No polishing speed/system produced an increase in temperature above 41°C. Both polishing systems were capable of achieving a similar or superior roughness and gloss as the glazed control specimens after the final polishing step at 15,000 RPM.ConclusionsFifteen thousand RPM is an optimal polishing speed. Progressing through the polishing sequence significantly improves gloss and roughness and can create similar values as glazed zirconia.
Intraoral Digital Impression Technique Compared to Conventional Impression Technique. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gjelvold Björn , Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Korduner Eva‐Karin , Collin‐Bagewitz Ingrid , Kisch Jenö 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare digital and conventional impression techniques in a randomized clinical trial; specifically, procedure times, patient‐centered outcomes, and clinical evaluation of the restorations.Materials and MethodsForty‐two patients in need of tooth‐supported single crowns and/or fixed partial prostheses up to six units were randomly allocated to one of the impression techniques. The procedure times, dentists’ and patients’ assessments using a visual analog scale (VAS), and clinical evaluation of the restorations were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean total procedure times for digital and conventional impression technique were 14:33 ± 5:27 and 20:42 ± 5:42, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean impression times were 7:33 ± 3.37 and 11:33 ± 1.56, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean VAS scores for the dentist's assessment of difficulty (0 to 100; very difficult = 100) were 24.00 ± 18.02 and 48.02 ± 21.21, respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean VAS scores for the patients’ assessment of discomfort (0 to 100; very discomforting = 100) was 6.50 ± 5.87 and 44.86 ± 27.13, respectively (p < 0.0001). Occlusal contacts showed a better result for the digital technique.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that the digital technique was more efficient and convenient than the conventional impression technique.
In Vitro Wear Resistance of Nano‐Hybrid Composite Denture Teeth
Authors: Munshi Nabeel , Rosenblum Marc , Jiang Shuying , Flinton Robert 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the wear resistance of nano‐hybrid composite denture teeth as compared to two commonly used denture teeth: interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) and double crosslinking polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture teeth.Material and Methods18 styli and 18 disk specimens were prepared from the three denture tooth materials: nano‐hybrid composite, IPN, and double crosslinking PMMA. The specimens were mounted in a two‐body wear testing machine to simulate chewing in the complete denture. The amount of wear from the styli specimens were measured before and after using a digital micrometer, and the depth of the wear track from the disk specimens was measured using a noncontact 3D optical profilometer. The total wear from each denture tooth group was compared using one‐way ANOVA with a 0.05 significance level. A Tukey post hoc test was used to determine differences between the three groups.ResultsThe mean total wear in the nano‐hybrid composite teeth group was 1.16 mm, SD = 0.5 mm, statistically significantly higher (p ≤ 0.0001) than the IPN (mean = 0.13 mm, SD = 0.05) and double crosslinking PMMA tooth groups (mean = 0.31 mm, SD = 0.19). There was no statistically significant difference between IPN denture teeth and double crosslinking PMMA denture teeth in the amount of wear.ConclusionsNano‐hybrid composite denture teeth exhibited statistically significantly more wear than the IPN and double crosslinking PMMA denture teeth.
Evaluating hazardous waste generation in for‐profit outpatient haemodialysis centres
Authors: García‐Vicente Sergio , Llopis‐González A. , González‐Steinbauer C. , Morales Suárez‐Varela M. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYBackground“Green” haemodialysis management to reduce the environmental impact of haemodialysis is growing.ObjectivesDealing with hazardous waste production could heighten healthcare professionals’ awareness of this problem, and improve their healthcare involvement in environmental sustainability and environmental‐friendliness.Design and MeasurementsA list of for‐profit outpatient haemodialysis centres in the Valencian Community (E Spain) was compiled. Data on their hazardous waste production from 2008 to 2012 through the annual waste reports issued by official organisations competent in environmental issues were collected.ResultsThere are 22 for‐profit dialysis centres, that managed the treatment for 69.1% of all dialysis patients in the region. Data were collected from 16 centres that collectively offer 350 dialysis places (33.8% of all the places in this region). Mean annual hazardous waste production per dialysis session increased by 14% during the study period: 0.640 kg per session in 2008 vs. 0.740 kg in 2012.Discussion and ConclusionsAs hazardous waste production is high, we must examine the reasons why it is growing. Information about haemodialysis waste production and management is scarce and difficult to access. Having an evaluation of its production would motivate further research, especially as end‐stage kidney disease is increasing, and whose main long‐term treatment, haemodialysis, produces hazardous waste and employs substantial natural resources. Minimising its environmental impact is not mission impossible.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Long‐Term Intermittent Self‐Catheterization with Hydrophilic‐Coated and Uncoated Catheters in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury in Japan
Authors: WATANABE Toyohiko , YAMAMOTO Shingo , GOTOH Momokazu , SAITOH Tadanori , YOKOYAMA Osamu , MURATA Tatsunori , TAKEDA Masayuki 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the cost effectiveness of disposable, hydrophilic‐coated catheters in Japan.MethodsA Markov decision model previously applied in a European study was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) with hydrophilic‐coated catheters in Japanese spinal cord injury (SCI) patients suffering from chronic urinary retention from a lifetime perspective. To adjust the model to a Japanese setting, relevant Japanese data regarding the baseline risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), the average age at onset of SCI, costs, and general mortality were extracted from published literature, national statistics, or the opinions of Japanese experts. The direct medical costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and life years gained (LYG) were calculated from the payers' perspective. An annual discount rate of 2% was applied to both the costs and the effects.ResultsThe incremental cost of hydrophilic‐coated catheters was 1 279 886 yen (US$ 10 578 at an exchange rate of US$ 1 = 121 yen) per SCI patient, but they yielded an additional 0.334 QALYs and 0.781 LYG compared with uncoated catheters. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of hydrophilic‐coated catheters vs. uncoated catheters was 3 826 351 yen/QALY (US$ 31 623/QALY) gained and 1 639 562 yen/LYG (US$ 13 550/LYG).ConclusionsThe ICER of 3.8 million yen (US$ 31 405) falls well within the Japanese societal willingness to pay per QALY gained; therefore, hydrophilic‐coated catheters can be considered highly cost‐effective in Japan compared with uncoated catheters. However, because of the lack of relevant studies, a number of key parameters could not be based on Japanese data, and further research among people with SCI in Japan is recommended.
Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of Chinese patients undergoing haemodialysis in hospital or in the community: A 1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Julie Y , Wan Eric YF , Choi Edmond PH , Wong Carlos KH , Chan Anca KC , Chan Karina HY , Li Philip KT , Lam Cindy LK 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimLittle is known about the effect of haemodialysis (HD) setting on outcomes of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The study aimed at comparing clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) of patients on community‐based (CBHD) and hospital‐based haemodialysis (HBHD).MethodsA prospective cohort of Chinese ESRD patients receiving HBHD (n = 89) or CBHD (n = 117) in Hong Kong were followed up for 12 months. Subjects were assessed on clinical outcomes of dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) and blood haemoglobin and PRO of health‐related quality of life (SF‐12v2), general health condition (Global Rating Scale (GRS)) and confidence to cope with their illness (Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI)). Differences between groups were analyzed by independent t‐tests for the SF‐12v2, GRS and PEI scores. χ2 tests were used to analyze the difference in proportion of patients reaching the targets of Kt/V and blood haemoglobin and with GRS > 0 and PEI > 0. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed to assess the adjusted difference‐in‐difference estimation.ResultsThe mean PEI and GRS scores of CBHD patients at 12 months were significantly higher than those of HBHD patients. CBHD patients had significantly greater improvement in self‐efficacy and were more likely to be enabled after 12 months than the HBHD patients.ConclusionThe study showed similar clinical outcomes and PRO between CBHD and HBHD but CBHD was more effective than HBHD in promoting patient enablement over a 12‐month period. The results suggest added value for patients receiving CBHD and support the transfer of HD care from the hospital to the community.
Utilization of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgical Time: An Evaluation of Three Different Models at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center
Authors: Beebe Allan C. , Arnott Lindsay , Klamar Jan E. , Kean John R. , Klingele Kevin E. , Samora Walter P. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveOver the past decade, our institution has instituted three different scheduling models in an attempt to care for pediatric trauma at our Level I Trauma Center. This has been in response to a number of factors, including a limited number of physicians covering the call schedule, increasing competition for operating room (OR) time after hours (pediatric surgery, urology, neurosurgery), an attempt to fully utilize OR time during the daytime, fully staffed hours, and optimizing patients' timeliness to surgery. We examined the three on‐call systems in place at our institution to determine whether a more flexible approach to pediatric trauma call resulted in delays in treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patient records for three distinct 1‐year periods with three different surgical call schedules: (i) a traditional call schedule in which the call physician was responsible for patients who presented to our emergency room; (ii) a half‐day trauma block OR reserved the morning following call; and (iii) a full‐day trauma block. Variables included date of injury, time of admission, admission diagnosis, cause of injury, and OR procedure and start time.ResultsWe reviewed 951 cases over the entire study, 268 during the traditional call schedule, 282 during the half‐call block and 401 over the time period of the full‐day block. Mechanisms of injury were similar among the three groups, with falls and motor vehicle accidents being the leading causes. The average delay time was 17:40 for the traditional call group, 15:10 for the half‐block call group, and 15:09 for the full‐day block group. Our findings suggest that there was a high incidence of cases performed on weekdays after peak staffing hours with a traditional call model (59%). In contrast, half‐day and full‐day block models saw only 4% and 1% of the cases performed after peak staffing hours, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients admitted to the OR among the three groups (χ2 = 488.8449, P < 0.0001). The number of patients seen during Monday through Friday was also statistically significant among the three groups (χ2 = 382.0576, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe institution of more flexible and physician‐directed half‐call and full‐day blocks did result in delays in treatment. However, it also has demonstrated benefits to patients in reducing the number of operative cases performed after weekday peak staffing hours; helped our institution better manage its staffing and financial resources; and provided the treating surgeon flexibility in determining the timing of operative care.
Radiographic Features of Acute Patellar Tendon Rupture
Authors: Fazal Muhammad Ali , Moonot Pradeep , Haddad Fares 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to assess soft tissue features of acute patellar tendon rupture on lateral knee radiograph that would facilitate early diagnosis.MethodsThe participants were divided into two groups of 35 patients each. There were 28 men and seven women with a mean age of 46 years in the control group and 26 men and nine women with a mean age of 47 years in the rupture group. The lateral knee radiograph of each patient was evaluated for Insall–Salvati ratio for patella alta, increased density of the infrapatellar fat pad, appearance of the soft tissue margin of the patellar tendon and bony avulsions.ResultsIn the rupture group there were three consistent soft tissue radiographic features in addition to patellar alta. These were increased density of infrapatellar fat pad; loss of sharp, well‐defined linear margins of the patellar tendon and angulated wavy margin of the patellar tendon while in the control group these features were not observed.ConclusionsThe soft tissue radiographic features described in the rupture group are consistent and reliable. When coupled with careful clinical assessment, these will aid in early diagnosis and further imaging will be seldom required.
Mixed Fixation and Interbody Fusion for Treatment Single‐Segment Lower Lumbar Vertebral Disease: Midterm Follow‐up Results
Authors: Zeng Zhong‐you , Wu Peng , Yan Wei‐feng , Song Yong‐xing , Zhang Jian‐qiao , Tang Hong‐chao , Song Guo‐hao , Han Jian‐fu , Fan Shun‐wu 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the midterm outcomes of unilateral pedicle screws combined with contralateral gunsight‐guided translaminar facet screw fixation and interbody fusion for treatment of single‐segment lower lumbar vertebral disease.MethodsA total of 78 patients with various lower lumbar single‐segment vertebral diseases were treated in our department from January 2008 to December 2011. There were 21 males and 57 females, with an average age of 52.5 years, including lumbar disc degeneration (28 cases), local recurrence of lumbar disc herniation (9 cases), huge lumbar disc herniation (11 cases), lumbar disc herniation with spinal stenosis (13 cases), and lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (degree I) (17 cases). All patients were treated by unilateral pedicle screws in the median incision combined with contralateral gunsight‐guided translaminar facet screw fixation and interbody fusion.ResultsNo wound infection or skin necrosis around incision was observed after operation. No leakage of cerebrospinal fluid or nerve injury occurred during and after operation. Excepting 4 cases, 74 cases were followed up for 18–60 months, averaged 33.5 months. All but one patient (98.6%) received interbody fusion. The intervertebral height of the indexed level was well restored and maintained. At final follow‐up. During follow‐up, there was no screw loosening or pedicle fracture observed. No apparent degeneration of adjacent segments. The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores was increased significantly from 12.79 ± 2.12 preoperatively to 25.8 ± 2.87 at the final follow‐up.ConclusionUnilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with contralateral translaminar facet screw fixation and interbody fusion showed good mid‐term outcomes in the treatment of single‐segment lower lumbar vertebral disease, and can be used as an optimal choice for fixation and fusion of some single‐segment lower lumbar vertebral diseases.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in AGTR1, TFAP2B, and TRAF1 are not associated with the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in Japanese preterm infants
Authors: Kawase Koya , Sugiura Tokio , Nagaya Yoshiaki , Yamada Takaharu , Sugimoto Mari , Ito Koichi , Togawa Takao , Nagasaki Rika , Kato Takenori , Kouwaki Masanori , Koyama Norihisa , Saitoh Shinji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPersistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent complication in preterm infants. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in several genes, including angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR1), transcription factor AP‐2 beta (TFAP2B) and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1), have been reported to be associated with PDA in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between PDA in preterm infants and polymorphisms in AGTR1, TFAP2B and TRAF1 in the Japanese population.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 107 preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks. Extremely low‐birthweight infants were treated with prophylactic indomethacin during the first 24 h after birth. Five SNP, namely, rs5186 in AGTR1, rs987237 and rs6930924 in TFAP2B, and rs1056567 and rs10985070 in TRAF1, were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the distributions of the genotypes and allele frequencies of all studied SNP between the PDA group (n = 46) and the non‐PDA group (n = 61).ConclusionsThere were no significant associations between the studied SNP and the incidence of PDA in Japanese preterm infants. These SNP may not be clinically important predisposing factors for PDA in Japanese preterm infants.
Diversity and populations of Phytophthora, Phytopythium and Pythium species recovered from sediments in an agricultural run‐off sedimentation reservoir
Authors: Yang X. , Hong C. X. 
Published: November 2015

Agricultural run‐off sedimentation reservoirs are an emerging aquatic system of critical importance to plant biosecurity, water and environmental sustainability. Oomycete pathogens such as Phytophthora and Pythium species in irrigation water have been demonstrated to pose significant risks to ornamental crops, but little is known about their diversity and populations in sediments of agricultural irrigation systems. This study investigated the oomycete communities including Phytophthora (Ph.), Phytopythium (Pp.) and Pythium (Py.) species in sediments at various depths of an agricultural run‐off sedimentation reservoir in Virginia during the winters of 2011 and 2015. The recovery of these oomycetes declined sharply with sediment depth from surface to 0·8 m and none was recovered from sediments deeper than 1·4 m. A total of 47 oomycete species were recovered, with all four species of Phytophthora and five of Phytopythium exclusively from the surface. Recovered species included many important plant pathogens such as Ph. nicotianae, Ph. pini, Ph. tropicalis, Pp. vexans, Py. irregulare and Py. monospermum. These results underline the importance of decontaminating sediments excavated from top layers (0–1·4 m) of the sedimentation reservoir before reuse in plant production.