bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural language processing‐based deep transfer learning model across diverse tabular datasets for bond strength prediction of composite bars in concrete
Authors: Zhang Pei‐Fu , Zhang Daxu , Zhao Xiao‐Ling , Zhao Xuan , Iqbal Mudassir , Tuerxunmaimaiti Yiliyaer , Zhao Qi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs conventional machine learning models often struggle with scarcity and structural variation of training data, this paper proposes a novel regression transfer learning framework called transferable tabular regressor (TransTabRegressor) to address this challenge. The TransTabRegressor integrates natural language processing (NLP) for feature encoding, transformer for enhanced feature representation, and deep learning (DL) for robust modeling, facilitating effective transfer learning across tabular datasets using reducing input parameters. By leveraging the NLP data processor, the framework embeds both parameter names and values, enabling it to recognize and adapt to different expressions of similar parameters. For instance, the bond strength of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bars embedded in ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) is critical for ensuring the integrity of FRP‐UHPC structures. While pullout tests are widely adopted for their simplicity to generate substantial data, beam tests provide a closer approximation to actual stress conditions but are more complex thus resulting in limited data size. As a verification, the framework is applied to predict the bond strength of FRP bars embedded in UHPC using limited beam test data. A pre‐trained model is first established using 479 pieces of pullout test data. Subsequently, two transfer learning models are developed by fine‐tuning on 115 pieces of beam test data, where 66 correspond to concrete splitting failure and 49 correspond to pullout failure. For comparative analysis, XGBoost and neural network models are directly trained on the beam test data. Evaluation results demonstrate that the transfer learning models achieve significantly improved prediction accuracy and generalization capability. This study significantly highlights the effectiveness of the proposed TransTabRegressor in handling data scarcity and variability in input parameters across various engineering applications.
An array of Zymoseptoria tritici effectors suppress plant immune responses
Authors: Thynne Elisha , Ali Haider , Seong Kyungyong , Abukhalaf Mohammad , Guerreiro Marco A. , Flores‐Nunez Victor M. , Hansen Rune , Bergues Ana , Salman Maja J. , Rudd Jason J. , Kanyuka Kostya , Tholey Andreas , Krasileva Ksenia V. , Kettles Graeme J. , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZymoseptoria tritici is the most economically significant fungal pathogen of wheat in Europe. However, despite the importance of this pathogen, the molecular interactions between pathogen and host during infection are not well understood. Herein, we describe the use of two libraries of cloned Z. tritici effectors that were screened to identify effector candidates with putative pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI)‐suppressing activity. The effectors from each library were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and expressing leaves were treated with bacterial or fungal PAMPs to assess the effectors' ability to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. From these screens, numerous effectors were identified with PTI‐suppressing activity. In addition, some effectors were able to suppress cell death responses induced by other Z. tritici secreted proteins. We used structural prediction tools to predict the putative structures of all of the Z. tritici effectors and used these predictions to examine whether there was enrichment of specific structural signatures among the PTI‐suppressing effectors. From among the libraries, multiple members of the killer protein‐like 4 (KP4) and killer protein‐like 6 (KP6) effector families were identified as PTI suppressors. This observation is intriguing, as these protein families were previously associated with antimicrobial activity rather than virulence or host manipulation. This data provides mechanistic insight into immune suppression by Z. tritici during infection and suggests that, similar to biotrophic pathogens, this fungus relies on a battery of secreted effectors to suppress host immunity during early phases of colonization.
Climate feedback from plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 in Earth system models
Authors: Li Yue 
Published: October 2024

SummaryPlant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (iCO2), including enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, impact regional and global climate. Here, I describe recent advances in understanding these effects through Earth system models (ESMs). Idealized simulations of a 1% annual iCO2 show that despite fertilization, CO2 physiological forcing contributes to 10% of warming and at least 30% of future precipitation decline in Amazonia. This reduces aboveground vegetation carbon storage and triggers positive carbon–climate feedback. ESM simulations indicate that reduced transpiration and increased heat stress from iCO2 could amplify meteorological drought and wildfire risks. Understanding these climate feedbacks is essential for improving carbon accounting in natural climate solutions, such as avoiding deforestation and reforestation, as iCO2 complicates assessing their climate benefits.
Carbon emission in MINT economies: The role of poverty, population, energy use and economic factors
Authors: Bekun Festus Victor , Uzuner Gizem , Onifade Stephen Taiwo , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPoor environmental quality is usually observed in developing blocs. Some plausible explanations are due to the high poverty level and their economic characterisation. The present study focuses on exploring the effect of poverty on environmental degradation over annual data from 1990 to 2018 for MINT economies (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkiye). By leveraging panel econometrics procedures that are robust to cross‐sectional and slope homogeneity issues, the results show evidence of an equilibrium relationship among the examined variables namely households final consumption expenditure, CO2 emissions, GDP, electricity consumption and population over the sampled period. Findings from this study establish that poverty is a core to environmental degradation in Türkiye and the plausible explanation is due to the country's demography while on the contrary, Nigeria, Indonesia and Mexico show that poverty is not a core contributor to environmental degradation. Thus, from a policy lens, there is need for concerted efforts by government officials and all stakeholders in the examined countries to reduce environmental degradation by improving per capita income (SDG‐8) in the region productive economic activities to raise income level in the bloc. Additionally, there is a need for energy transition from fossil fuel‐based energy to cleaner energy alternative options. More policy caveats are elucidated in the concluding section.
Comparing the effectiveness of pregabalin and gabapentin in patients with lumbar radiculopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kwon Do Yun , Kim Kwang‐Ryeol , Kim Dong Hyuck , Kwak Sang Gyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGabapentinoids are commonly prescribed to control neuropathic pain of lumbar radiculopathy. Few trials have compared the efficacy of gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB). Therefore, the authors conducted a meta‐analysis to compare the difference in effect between GBP and PGB in lumbar radiculopathy patients.MethodsArticles which were published between January 1, 1960 and May 31, 2023 were investigated via Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. This meta‐analysis was conducted on patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Gabapentin was used as an intervention, and pregabalin as a comparison. As outcomes, pain rating scales including visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NRS), and number of adverse events (dizziness and sedation) were obtained.ResultsPGB showed statistically significant improvement in pain scale (VAS and NRS) in short‐term follow‐up (6 weeks or less) compared to GBP. (Total mean difference of −0.31) However, in the long‐term follow‐up (6 weeks to 12 weeks), there was no difference in pain reduction effect between two groups. The incidence of AEs showed no difference between two groups.ConclusionBased on this article, the existing evidence suggests that PGB was more effective in reducing pain of lumbar radiculopathy compared to GBP at the short‐term follow‐up, but there was no difference in the long‐term follow‐up. Physicians should consider this finding in prescribing medications for patients with lumbar radiculopathy.
Powerful Qualities and the Metaphysics of Properties
Authors: Taylor Henry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn debates about the metaphysics of properties, many have claimed that properties are powers. According to the powers view, a property's nature disposes objects to behave in certain ways in response to certain stimuli. For example, the property of fragility disposes objects to smash when a force is applied to them. But how should we understand powers? There has recently been a surge of interest in the powerful qualities view of properties. Other views in the field either claim that properties are pure powers, or that they are qualities. The powerful qualities view rejects this dichotomy, saying that properties are both powers and qualities. In this paper, I distinguish some versions of the powerful qualities view, and some of the reasons to hold it. I also outline one of the most exciting elements of the view, which is its relation to the philosophy of mind.
Responsibility Gaps
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResponsibility gaps arise when there is a mismatch between the amount of responsibility that can be attributed to any person or collection of persons on leading accounts of moral responsibility and the amount that robust intuitions suggest should be allocated to someone in a case. Claimed responsibility gaps arise in numerous philosophical debates, including those concerning government, corporate, and other forms of group agency and new technologies and those concerning theoretical issues in the philosophy of responsibility. This work is an opinionated introduction to and overview of recent work on responsibility gaps. It outlines and evaluates paradigmatic responsibility gap cases and ways of understanding the phenomenon as well as the existence conditions and moral status of and possible responses to responsibility gaps. It thereby contributes to ongoing work in the philosophy of responsibility and several applied domains.
Sexual dimorphism at different life stages: early life sexual differences in root growth in Silene latifolia
Authors: Pérez‐Llorca M. , Hewett A. , de la Peña Pita A. , Hailer F. , Sánchez Vilas J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Male and female dioecious plants often show sexual dimorphism, differing in morphological, physiological and life‐history traits. Most previous studies have focused on differences between males and females during or after reproduction, paying little attention to the pre‐reproductive stages of the individuals.
Here we assessed the response of male and female individuals of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia to abiotic stress at different life stages, including pre‐reproductive (i.e. seedlings and young plants) and reproductive individuals. We measured growth, resource allocation and discrimination against 13C under nutrient deficiency, water stress, as well as their interaction.
We observed sexual dimorphism in root growth, with female seedlings having longer main roots than male plants. Pre‐reproductive male and female plants also responded differently, in terms of root allocation, to nutrient and water availability. At reproduction, females grew more roots than males when water was not limiting. These differences could help explain the female‐skewed sex ratios found in natural populations of S. latifolia. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in aboveground dry mass, although females had longer leaves than males at the seedling stage.
We conclude that sexual dimorphism in S. latifolia may occur not as a consequence of reproduction, but well before it.
Insights into the Differences in Polysaccharide and Alkaloid Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Orchids Dendrobium nobile and D. officinale
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Wen , Shi Yu‐Cen , Huang Wei , Zhang Shi‐Bao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBoth Dendrobium nobile and D. officinale are widely used medicinal plants in China and their major medicinal components are alkaloids and polysaccharides, respectively. It is still unclear why these two closely related orchids synthesize and accumulate different chemical components. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying polysaccharide and alkaloid biosynthesis in D. nobile and D. officinale through transcriptome and metabolomic analysis at different growth stages. A total of 1267 metabolites were identified in the juvenile and mature stages of the two species. D. nobile accumulated a large number of alkaloids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids during the transition from juvenile to mature plants. In contrast, D. officinale accumulated a small number of those metabolites and an absence of flavonoids. The correlation analysis of polysaccharide contents with the differentially expressed genes suggested that the differential expression of GH1, GH3, and GH9 might be related to the difference in polysaccharide contents between the two Dendrobium species. Meanwhile, the difference in the biosynthesis of dendrobine, the main component of alkaloids in D. nobile, was involved in the differential expression of HMGCR, DXR, DXS, ISPH and eight CYP450s. These findings provided new insights into understanding the biosynthetic mechanisms of the main medicinal components in Dendrobium species.
Unpacking core components for policy design: A comparison of synthesis approaches
Authors: Lemire Sebastian , Peck Laura R. , Porowski Allan , Dymnicki Allison 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnder the banner of evidence‐based policy, evidence reviews—summaries of existing studies on an intervention—have become an established form of policy analysis. Whereas evidence reviews have typically focused on studies of an intervention as delivered, interest is growing in examining the specific elements that comprise the intervention and that contribute to its success—broadly referred to as its core components. Understanding the core components of interventions allows policymakers to identify with greater precision what works, in which contexts, and for which populations. With the aim toward advancing core components analysis for policy design, this Research Note describes and compares four synthesis approaches for identifying core components in the context of evidence reviews: the distillation and matching model, meta‐regression, framework synthesis, and qualitative comparative analysis. The article then reflects on how to advance core components analysis in evidence reviews to better inform policy design and the policymaking process.
Examining the relationship between subjective exercise tolerance and psychophysiological reactivity during physical stress
Authors: Bigliassi Marcelo , Antonio Dayanne S. , Celoch Kamil , Krause Maressa P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that one's ability to control impulses aids in sustaining effort despite experiencing painful physical sensations. Physical exercise has been used extensively as an intervention to strengthen the inhibitory control system and protect an individual's cognitive plan of action. It is unclear, however, whether the high levels of exercise tolerance could facilitate inhibitory control under varied stressors. The present study explored the relationship between subjective exercise tolerance and psychophysiological characteristics that indicate reactivity capacity when exposed to the cold pressor test. Thirty‐six participants were divided into two groups based on their subjective exercise tolerance profiles. During the test, participants' psychophysiological reactivity was monitored via heart rate variability. Participants were also required to answer questions about their perceptual and affective states at the beginning and immediately after the stress test. The study revealed insights into dominance perception and emotional states among individuals with varying subjective exercise tolerance levels. High‐tolerant individuals endured physical discomfort longer (~50 s) and exhibited higher perceived dominance at the outset of the test when compared to their low‐tolerant counterparts. Despite differences in task performance, both groups experienced more positive affective states post‐task, potentially as a result of a heightened sense of self‐accomplishment. Notably, both groups showed similar levels of psychophysiological reactivity, suggesting a protective effect of physical tolerance on ensuing biological responses. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex relationship between exercise tolerance, dominance perception, and psychophysiological reactivity during physically demanding tasks, enriching our understanding of how developing physical tolerance may impact inhibitory control under stress.
Long‐term freezing saline water irrigation and cotton cultivation improved soil properties and maintained low salinity in the root zone of coastal saline soil
Authors: Guo Kai , Feng Xiaohui , Liu Xiaojing , Ju Zhaoqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFreezing saline water irrigation in winter has been shown to be an effective method for improving heavy saline–alkali soil via the use of local high‐salinity water. However, the long‐term effects of freezing saline water irrigation on the soil physicochemical properties in the root zone are still unclear. In this study, the dynamics of soil water, electrical conductivity (ECe) and the sodium adsorption ratio (SARe), and changes in relevant soil physicochemical characteristics were investigated on the basis of 11 consecutive years of freezing saline water irrigation and cotton cultivation (FSICC). Although FSICC significantly increased water consumption (ca. 465.92 mm) compared with that of the CK (ca. 133.38 mm), a significantly lower soil ECe in the root zone was still obtained under FSICC than under CK. An annual decrease in soil ECe and an increase in seed cotton yield were observed during the initial 4 years of the FSICC. Thereafter, the soil ECe and SARe in the 0–20 cm layer were stably maintained below 6.1 dS m−1 and 12.9 (mmol L−1)0.5, respectively, and a stable seed cotton yield of 3.92 t ha−1 was obtained. Compared with those of the CK treatment, the long‐term FSICC increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention, soil organic matter and water‐stable aggregates in the 0–20 cm layer, which further increased the available water content and total pore volume (>0.2 μm). These results indicated that the long‐term FSICC significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties and maintained lower levels of soil salinity and SARe in the root zone, although it significantly increased water consumption.
Influence of soil organic carbon fractions on the soil priming effect under different vegetation restoration modes
Authors: Hao Ming , Wang Guifang , Zhu Wenli , Dun Xingjian , Zhao Wei , Tian Zhihao , Zhang Zixu , Gao Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe soil priming effect is a key mechanism influencing carbon (C) cycling processes between the forest soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and the atmosphere. Different vegetation restoration modes have different SOC pool compositions, and it is not clear whether such differences affect the soil priming effect. Therefore, we selected soil from six typical vegetation restoration modes Platycladus orientalis (PO), Pinus sylvestris (PS), Quercus acutissima (QA), shrub (SH) and wasteland (WL) in the soil and rocky mountainous areas of northern China and measured the soil properties, microbial communities, microbial necromass carbon (MNC), SOC fractions and the soil priming effect. The SOC content decreased in the order of PO (21.33 g kg−1), PS (22.00 g kg−1), QA (13.67 g kg−1), SH (13.33 g kg−1) and WL (10.33 g kg−1), and the trends of the mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) and fungal necromass carbon (FNC) content were the same as those of the SOC content. The soil priming effect was greater in both forests and shrublands than in wastelands, with the greatest effect occurring in PO forests, where the soil priming effect reached 159.91 mg CO2‐C kg−1 soil after 30 days of incubation, which was 1.4 times greater than that in WL. The soil priming effect was mainly determined by the difference in MAOC content. In addition, the soil C/N ratio and bacterial community diversity also indirectly affected the soil priming effect by influencing the soil MNC and SOC fractions. Overall, afforestation increased the SOC content, fungal necromass contribution and mineral conservation, increasing the soil priming effect. This theoretical foundation supports the enhancement of SOC sequestration capacity by implementing various modes of vegetation restoration in the future.
Nebulized fentanyl does not improve exercise capacity or dyspnoea in fibrosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Charlotte , Kolbe John , Paton Julian F. R. , Fisher James P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExercise intolerance and exertional dyspnoea are hallmarks of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (FILD) and are associated with worse prognosis and quality of life. Activation of pulmonary vagal afferents influences the ventilatory pattern and contributes to the sensation of dyspnoea. We tested the hypothesis that nebulized fentanyl, which might attenuate aberrant pulmonary afferent activity in FILD, reduces ventilation and dyspnoea while extending exercise endurance time (EET). In this randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, eight FILD patients (two males, 71 ± 6 years of age) performed incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise tests following nebulization of either fentanyl citrate (100 µg) or 0.9% saline. Previous work indicated that this dose was unlikely to produce central effects. Comparisons between treatment conditions at rest were undertaken using Student's paired t‐test, and exercise data were evaluated with two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures. Dyspnoea was assessed using the Borg dyspnoea scale. Resting respiratory variables were not different following treatment with fentanyl and saline; however, resting heart rate was lower following fentanyl (P = 0.002) and remained lower throughout exercise compared with placebo (P = 0.008). Fentanyl did not increase EET (placebo 334 ± 117 s vs. fentanyl 348 ± 126 s, P = 0.250) although overall minute ventilation was reduced slightly (mean difference: −0.97 L/min, P = 0.022). There were no differences in ratings of dyspnoea intensity or unpleasantness between the conditions either at rest or at end‐exercise. Nebulized fentanyl did not improve EET or exercise dyspnoea but did decrease minute ventilation during exercise, although the extent of this reduction appears clinically insignificant. These findings suggest that nebulized fentanyl is unlikely to offer significant benefits for enhancing exercise capacity in FILD.