bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults with fevers of unknown origin: the clinical utility of a new scoring system on early detection
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yuan , Yang Ching‐Fen , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Yang Sheng‐Hsiang , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Chen Po‐Min , Hsu Hui‐Chi , Fung Chang‐Phone , Lin Hsiao‐Yi , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is delayed by most physicians. This study aimed to identify early parameters and suitable scoring systems for the risk of HLH. Clinical and laboratory data collected ≤3 days after admission were defined as early parameters and used to calculate the number of HLH‐2004 criteria met and bone marrow (BM) score. Between January 2006 and February 2016, 233 immunocompetent adults with naïve fever of unknown origin who underwent a BM study were enrolled to mimic patients at risk of HLH and randomly assigned into the developmental or validation cohort. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was finally diagnosed in 47 patients, with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma as the major etiology (51.1%). Upon admission, four‐fifths of patients who developed subsequent HLH fulfilled ≤3 of 8 HLH‐2004 criteria, and 6 early parameters were independent predictors of HLH: anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100 × 103/μL), leukoerythroblastosis, hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin > 2 × upper normal limit), hyperferritinemia (ferritin > 1000 ng/mL), and splenomegaly. Compared with the HLH criteria met upon admission, the BM score was an independent predictor (odds ratio = 1.621; 95% confidence interval, 1.355‐1.940) with excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.920; 95% confidence interval, 0.883‐0.958). The sensitivity and specificity for a BM score cutoff of 10 points were 95% and 75%, respectively. When approaching immunocompetent adults with a continuously high fever, the BM score at initial admission assists with early identification of patients at risk of HLH.
Continuous versus event‐based sampling: how many samples are required for deriving general hydrological understanding on Ecuador's páramo region?
Authors: Correa Alicia , Windhorst David , Crespo Patricio , Célleri Rolando , Feyen Jan , Breuer Lutz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs a consequence of the remote location of the Andean páramo, knowledge on their hydrologic functioning is limited; notwithstanding, these alpine tundra ecosystems act as water towers for a large fraction of the society. Given the harsh environmental conditions in this region, year‐round monitoring is cumbersome, and it would be beneficial if the monitoring needed for the understanding of the rainfall–runoff response could be limited in time. To identify the hydrological response and the effect of temporal monitoring, a nested (n = 7) hydrological monitoring network was set up in the Zhurucay catchment (7.53 km2), south Ecuador. The research questions were as follows: (1) Can event sampling provide similar information in comparison with continuous monitoring, and (2) if so, how many events are needed to achieve a similar degree of information? A subset of 34 rainfall–runoff events was compared with monthly values derived from a continuous monitoring scheme from December 2010 to November 2013. Land cover and physiographic characteristics were correlated with 11 hydrological indices. Results show that despite some distinct differences between event and continuous sampling, both data sets reveal similar information; more in particular, the monitoring of a single event in the rainy season provides the same information as continuous monitoring, while during the dry season, ten events ought to be monitored. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catchment‐scale sensitivity and uncertainty in water quality modelling
Authors: Hankin Barry , Bielby Sally , Pope Linda , Douglass John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the performance of the catchment model SIMulated CATchment model (SIMCAT), to predict nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations against four monitoring regimes with different spatial and temporal sampling frequencies. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) uncertainty framework is used, along with a general sensitivity analysis to understand relative parameter sensitivity. Improvements to model calibration are explored by introducing more detailed process representation using the Integrated Catchments model (INCA) water quality model, driven by the European hydrological predictions for the environment model. The results show how targeted sampling of headwater watercourses upstream of point discharges is essential for calibrating diffuse loads and can exert a strong influence on the whole‐catchment model performance. Further downstream, if the point discharges and loads are accurately represented, then the improvement in the catchment‐scale model performance is relatively small as more calibration points are added or frequency is increased.The higher‐order, dynamic model integrated catchments model of phosphorus dynamics, which incorporates sediment and biotic interaction, resulted in improved whole‐catchment performance over SIMCAT, although there are still large epistemic uncertainties from land‐phase export coefficients and runoff. However, the very large sampling errors in routine monitoring make it difficult to invest confidence in the modelling, especially because we know phosphorous transport to be very episodic and driven by high flow conditions for which there are few samples. The environmental modelling community seems to have been stuck in this position for some time, and whilst it is useful to use an uncertainty framework to highlight these issues, it has not widely been adopted, perhaps because there is no clear mechanism to allow uncertainties to influence investment decisions. This raises the question as to whether it might better place a cost on uncertainty and use this to drive more data collection or improved models, before making investment decisions concerning, for example, mitigation strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity of Microstructure of Polymer Solid Investigated by Motion of Impurity Ions
Authors: Anada Yuichi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryMotion of impurity ions in solid state of poly(ethylene telephthalate) (PET) was investigated by the method of broad band dielectric spectroscopy in a frequency range lower than 10 Hz. In this experiment, the conductivity relaxation time of the ion motion analyzed from the frequency dispersion of the electric modulus. The conductivity relaxation time for PET is evaluated at 0.53 at 100°C. This value is similar to those of low density polyethylene and poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (p‐PVC) but smaller than those of isotactic polypropylene. In a plot of conductivity relaxation time vs. permittivity, the location of PET is relatively nearby p‐PVC. This result suggests that the inhomogeneity in non‐crystalline part in PET is relatively similar to that of amorphous polymer of p‐PVC rather than other polymers in this study.
Functionalized Doubly Porous Networks: From Synthesis to Application in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ly Hai Bang , Poupart Romain , Halbardier Lucile , Grande Daniel 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper addresses the functionalization of doubly porous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)‐based networks obtained from the double porogen approach, and their subsequent utilization as catalytic supports in heterogeneous catalysis. Advantage of the availability of hydroxyl groups within the PHEMA‐based frameworks was taken through a chemical modification with carbonyldiimidazole. This key activation led to three main functionatization reactions of the materials via nucleophilic substitution or thiol‐yne “click” addition of amino molecules. Further, in‐situ generation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) allowed for the preparation of innovative functionalized biporous GNP@PHEMA materials. The as‐obtained hybrid frameworks could efficiently be used as catalytic supports in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.
Effects of UV Light on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PPS Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Mahat Khairul B. , Alarifi Ibrahim , Alharbi Abdulaziz , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe recent attention in the applications of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite have raised some concerns because of the ability and performance of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite after long‐term exposures to environmental weathering (e.g., UV radiation, moisture, and oxygen). This weathering can be very destructive to the thermoplastic polymers; hence, a systematic study of the UV radiation effects on the properties of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite is crucial for industrial applications. The major objective of the project was to study the correlation between thermoplastic fabrication parameters and the final properties of composites. In this study, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) thermoplastic composites were manufactured using high temperature press after optimizing the parameters. Subsequently, the effects of long‐term UV exposures on the thermal and mechanical properties of CF/PPS thermoplastic composites were investigated in detail. The test results showed that the correlation between the processing parameters and the physical properties of the laminate composites were in all good agreements. The test results also revealed a significant decrease in the glass transition temperature, as well as storage modulus, and tensile strengths. Furthermore, short (200 hrs) and long (300 hrs) term UV exposures changed various thermal and mechanical properties of the thermoplastic PPS composites. This study can provide some preliminary knowledge to engineers and scientists in the field and develop new set of structural composites.
Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials as Stimuli‐Responsive Polymerized Hydrogels
Authors: Jahan Kazi I. , Goponenko Alexander , Dzenis Yuris 
Published: July 2016

SummaryStimuli‐responsive polymerized hydrogels represent a promising class of materials for biomedical and other applications such as muscle‐type sensors/actuators due to substantial change in dimensions or shape in response to minute change in their environment, resemblance of soft biological tissues, ability to operate in wet environments, and chemical and physical tailorability. However, despite extensive fundamental research, slow response rate and poor mechanical robustness and durability of gels remain the major unresolved barriers for wider application of these materials. Nanostructured responsive polymer gels based on continuous electrospun nanofilaments are expected to have fast response and enhanced strength, modulus, and toughness, thus resolving both main current shortcomings. In this article, poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(acrylic acid) and Dextran–poly(acrylic acid) pH‐responsive nanofilamentary gels were prepared and compared to bulk gels. In addition to fast response rate, the nanofilamentary gels demonstrated unusual mechanical properties such as cross‐over of load vs. length curves obtained at different pH and anisotropy of response.
Analytical and Empirical Consequences of the Postulated Agreement Between the Cox/Merz‐Relation and the Carreau Function
Authors: Ziegmann Andreas , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe postulate that the Cox/Merz relation and the Carreau function both describe identically the shear‐rate‐dependent viscosity of a polymer melt. We find that an exponentially decreasing relaxation time distribution and an exponentially increasing relaxation strength distribution can describe the experimental rheological data with respect to storage G′ and loss modulus G″ in the literature. We have therefore applied such exponential distributions as well as trial functions to calculate G′, G″ and the corresponding shear‐rate‐dependent viscosity utilizing the Cox/Merz relation. The expansion of the viscosity in a Taylor series, utilizing the Cox/Merz relation and the Carreau function, makes it possible to compare the frequency and shear‐rate coefficients, and this results in a system of coupled transcendental equations. We justify the empirical value of m = 1/3 mostly utilized for the Carreau function and prove the square (n = 2) in the denominator of the Carreau function to be a fundamental fact, independent of the above‐mentioned formulation of the relaxation time and relaxation strength distributions. Moreover, the empirical relation  Pa is confirmed by our pure mathematical approach.
Irritability in Huntington's Disease: Factor Analysis of Snaith's Irritability Scale
Authors: Maltby John , Dale Maria , Underwood Mandy , Simpson Jane ,   the REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundElevated levels of irritability are reported to occur in a number of neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease (HD), a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. Snaith's Irritability Scale (SIS) is used within HD research, but no psychometric evaluation of this instrument has previously been undertaken. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the factor structure of this scale among an HD population.MethodsExploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the structural properties of SIS using responses from 1,264 HD gene expansion carriers, across 15 European countries, who were engaged in the REGISTRY 3 study.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis of a subsample of the data suggested a two‐factor interpretation of the data comprising “temper” and “self‐harm.” Eight possible models were tested for goodness of fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Two bifactor models, testing general and group factors in the structure of the scale, provided an equivocal “good” fit to the data. The first comprised a general irritability factor and two group factors (as originally proposed using SIS): outward irritability and inward irritability. The second comprised a general irritability factor and two group factors (as proposed by the exploratory factor analysis): temper and self‐harm. The findings from both models suggested that the loadings of items were higher on the general factor.ConclusionsBifactor models are proposed to best consider the structure of the SIS, with findings suggesting that an overall score should be used to measure irritability within HD populations.
Uptake of the centers for medicare and medicaid obesity benefit: 2012–2013
Authors: Batsis John A. , Bynum Julie P.W. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the use of the Medicare Obesity Benefit (MOB) by a licensed physician or associate provider in an outpatient setting in older adults.MethodsA serial cross‐sectional analysis of fee‐for‐service Medicare claims (2012 and 2013) was used to assess the use of the MOB. Number and proportion of Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 using the benefit were assessed. Correlation between state‐obesity rates and MOB uptake was determined based on state‐specific obesity prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.ResultsThere were 27,338 (0.10%) Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 in 2012 using the MOB and slightly more in 2013 (n = 46,821 [0.17%]). Mean age of MOB users in both years was 73 years, and 62% were females. Use declined with older age and was highest in the Northeast and lowest in the Midwest. High state obesity prevalence was not correlated with higher uptake of the MOB. Estimated proportion of persons with obesity using the MOB was 0.35% and 0.60% in successive years. A mean of 1.99 and 2.16 claims/MOB user was observed.ConclusionsWhile the rate of MOB use increased in the second full year of its implementation, few were availing themselves of this benefit.
Lifestyle behavior interventions delivered using technology in childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Kopp Lisa M. , Gastelum Zachary , Guerrero Christian H. , Howe Carol L. , Hingorani Pooja , Hingle Melanie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChildhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors demonstrate increased cardio‐metabolic risk factors, which are amenable to lifestyle changes. The use of technology to impact lifestyle change expands previously limited intervention access, yet little is known about its use. We summarized lifestyle interventions for survivors delivered using technology, finding six studies, primarily targeting physical activity. Study samples were small and durations ranged from 5 to 16 weeks and outcomes modest. Participants were older, white, survivors of leukemia or brain tumors, and the majority received Web‐based interventions. Study quality was moderate. Few technology‐based interventions have been developed, suggesting an area of opportunity for survivors.
Gliomatosis cerebri: A consensus summary report from the First International Gliomatosis cerebri Group Meeting, March 26–27, 2015, Paris, France
Authors: Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Castañeda Heredia Alicia , George Emilie , Kieran Mark W. , Morales La Madrid Andres 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a universally fatal extensive and diffuse infiltration of brain parenchyma by a glial tumor. Many aspects of this phenomenon remain unknown. The First International Gliomatosis cerebri Group Meeting had the following goals: refine the clinical and radiologic diagnostic criteria for GC, suggest appropriate diagnostic procedures, standardize tissue manipulation for histologic and molecular characterization, and prioritize relevant preclinical projects. Also, general treatment recommendations were outlined for the pediatric population. Importantly, this meeting was the starting point for meaningful collaborative international research projects. This review is a consensus summary of discussions shared and conclusions derived from this meeting.
Prenatal genetic counselling for psychiatric disorders
Authors: Inglis Angela , Morris Emily , Austin Jehannine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive disorder are common disorders with complex aetiology. They can exact a heavy toll on the individual with the condition and can have significant impact on family members too. Accordingly, psychiatric disorders can arise as a concern in the prenatal context – couples may be interested in learning about the chance for their child to develop the illness that manifests in the family and may be interested in discussing options for prenatal testing. However, the complex nature of these conditions can present challenges for clinicians who seek to help families with these issues. We established the world's first specialist genetic counselling service of its kind in Vancouver, Canada, in 2012, and to date, have provided counselling for ~500 families and have demonstrated increases in patients' empowerment and self efficacy after genetic counselling. We draw on our accumulated clinical experience to outline the process by which we approach prenatal genetic counselling for psychiatric disorders to assist other clinicians in providing thoughtful, comprehensive support to couples seeking out this service. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudopeptide bioconjugate additives for CO2 separation membranes
Authors: Solimando Xavier , Lherbier Clément , Babin Jérôme , Arnal‐Herault Carole , Romero Eugénie , Acherar Samir , Jamart‐Gregoire Brigitte , Barth Danielle , Roizard Denis , Jonquieres Anne 
Published: July 2016

Abstract1:1[α/α‐Nα‐Bn‐hydrazino] pseudopeptide−polymer bioconjugates were synthesized and investigated as additives in a reference gas separation membrane (Pebax®) for CO2 capture. Pebax® is a polyether block amide thermoplastic elastomer provided by Arkema and is already well known for its good performance for CO2 separations. First, dimer and tetramer pseudopeptides were synthesized and their terminal amine was modified into a ‘clickable’ alkyne group in view of coupling. Second, an α‐azido acrylic poly(ethylene glycol)‐based oligomer was obtained by single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization and the two partners were coupled using copper(I) catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) ‘click’ chemistry. The pseudopeptides and their bioconjugates were then assessed as original additives in Pebax® membranes for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separations. The permeation data were analyzed according to the solution‐diffusion model. Compared to pseudopeptides, the pseudopeptide−polymer bioconjugates enabled the membrane properties to be greatly improved with better permeability (×1.5) and a good constant selectivity for CO2 capture. The best membrane properties were obtained with 3 eq. wt% of the tetramer‐based bioconjugate with a CO2 permeability of 194 Barrer (+46% compared to that of Pebax®) and constant selectivity (αCO2/N2 = 44 and αCO2/CH4 = 13). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Ferrocenyl Ionic Compounds with Polycyano Anions. Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Effects on Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Compounds
Authors: Shao Ersha , Li Dongdong , Li Jizhen , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNeutral ferrocene‐based burning rate (BR) catalysts show strong migration trends and volatility during long‐time storage and curing of the composite solid propellants. To reduce these disadvantages thirty‐two ferrocenyl quaternary ammonium compounds, paired with polycyano anions, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, crystal structures of eight compounds were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. TG and DSC analyses indicated that the compounds containing 1,1,2,3,3‐pentacyanopropenide anions show high thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry studies suggested that they are quasi‐reversible or irreversible redox systems. Anti‐migration tests verified that the tested compounds show very low migration tendency and some of them exhibit no migration after 30 days aging at 70 °C. Their catalytic efficiency in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and 1,2,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) were examined by DSC analyses. The results revealed that most of the compounds exhibit distinct effects on the thermal degradation of AP and RDX. Two compounds have good catalytic ability in the thermal decomposition of HMX, representing rare examples of the reported ferrocenyl ionic compounds, which display catalytic property during combustion of HMX.