bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Thinking and Its Application in Operational Design
Authors: Spišák Ján 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Operational thinking is a significant aspect of the military decision-making process, applied by military commanders and their staffs. For a sound resolution of military problems, they are required to think creatively about the application of operational art. The deficiency of operational thinking may not only lead to unwanted risks and unintentional losses in operations; it can also thwart the chances for expected and decisive success. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the very elementary ideas of operational thinking that commanders and operational planners must deal with, to visualize and design feasible military approaches for the conduct of operations. Rather than strict official definitions there are introduced possible content, procedures and guidelines that must be taken into consideration to define and solve complex and ill-structured military problems.
Investigations of Wind Shear Distribution on the Baltic Shore of Latvia
Authors: Bezrukovs V. , Zacepins A. , Bezrukovs Vl. , Komashilovs V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a review of wind parameter measurement complexes and investigation methods used for potential wind energy evaluation. Based on results of long-term investigations of wind shear distribution regularities are shown up to 160 m height on the Baltic Sea shore. Distribution of potential wind energy in Latvia is shown as a map and table of average and average cubic wind speed values. Database of wind parameter measurements is available at a public website.
Influence of Voltage Dips on the Operation of Brushless Exciter System of Synchronous Machines
Authors: Fedotov A. , Leonov A. , Vagapov G. , Mutule A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model with continuous variables for brushless exciter system of synchronous machines, containing the thyristor elements. Discrete Laplace transform is used for transition from a mathematical model of a system with variable structure in continuous variables to equation finite difference with permanent structure. Then inverse transition is made to a mathematical model in continuous variables with permanent structure.
Impact of the Former Salaspils Nuclear Reactor on the Surrounding Territory
Authors: Riekstina D. , Berzins J. , Krasta T. , Kizane G. , Rudzitis J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of the long-term environment radioactivity monitoring in the vicinity of the decommissioned Salaspils Nuclear Reactor. Data include Cs-137 contamination levels of soils, H-3 concentration in ground waters, as well as gross beta activity of sewage and rainwater drainage of SNR. Special attention is devoted to the radioactive pollution of water due to leakage from the special wastewater basin detected in December 2014.
Contralateral risk reducing mastectomy in Non-BRCA-Mutated patients
Authors: Falco Giuseppe , Rocco Nicola , Bordoni Daniele , Marano Luigi , Accurso Antonello , Buccelli Claudio , Di Lorenzo Pierpaolo , Capasso Emanuele , Policino Fabio , Niola Massimo , Ferrari Guglielmo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The use of contralateral risk reducing mastectomy (CRRM) is indicated in women affected by breast cancer, who are at high risk of developing a contralateral breast cancer, particularly women with genetic mutation of BRCA1, BRCA2 and P53. However we should consider that the genes described above account for only 20-30% of the excess familiar risk. What is contralaterally indicated when genetic assessment results negative for mutation in a young patient with unilateral breast cancer? Is it ethically correct to remove a contralateral “healthy” breast? CRRM rates continue to rise all over the world although CRRM seems not to improve overall survival in women with unilateral sporadic breast cancer. The decision to pursue CRRM as part of treatment in women who have a low-to-moderate risk of developing a secondary cancer in the contralateral breast should consider both breast cancer individual-features and patients preferences, but should be not supported by the surgeon and avoided as first approach with the exception of women highly worried about cancer. Prospective studies are needed to identify cohorts of patients most likely to benefit from CRRM.
Stochastic simulation and robust design optimization of integrated photonic filters
Authors: Weng Tsui-Wei , Melati Daniele , Melloni Andrea , Daniel Luca 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Manufacturing variations are becoming an unavoidable issue in modern fabrication processes; therefore, it is crucial to be able to include stochastic uncertainties in the design phase. In this paper, integrated photonic coupled ring resonator filters are considered as an example of significant interest. The sparsity structure in photonic circuits is exploited to construct a sparse combined generalized polynomial chaos model, which is then used to analyze related statistics and perform robust design optimization. Simulation results show that the optimized circuits are more robust to fabrication process variations and achieve a reduction of 11%–35% in the mean square errors of the 3 dB bandwidth compared to unoptimized nominal designs.
The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia
Authors: Nemec Juraj , Orviska Marta , Lawson Colin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Our research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview.
The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.
Effective Legal Protection against the Excessive Length of Administrative Decision-Making: The Cases of Slovenia and Croatia
Authors: Sever Tina , Đanić Ana , Kovać Polonca 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In administrative matters, the parties usually have a right of access to the court and to a fair trial within a reasonable time limit, as defined by constitutions, only after the exhaustion of appeals. Judicial review is performed in a majority of states by a specialised administrative court in accordance with Articles 6 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Based on a comparative research analysis of supranational and national normative law and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law, this paper provides insight into the extent to which administrative matters can be reviewed in administrative disputes as well as into the legal remedies available to the parties, especially when the authorities violate time limits, focusing on the compliance of the regulation in Slovenia and Croatia with the ECHR standards. The paper also illustrates a comparative perspective of regulation in other European countries, namely Austria and Estonia. Our findings show the importance of the awareness of the necessary interplay between acts on administrative procedure and acts on administrative disputes for an effective realisation of the parties’ rights and the public interest, with administrative justice ensuring a safety net by guaranteeing an effective legal remedy.
Detection of gastric Helicobacter spp. in stool samples of dogs with gastritis
Authors: Jankowski M. , Spużak J. , Kubiak K. , Glińska-Suchocka K. , Biernat M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the species of gastric Helicobacter in the stool of dogs with gastritis. The study was carried out on thirty dogs of different breeds, of both genders and of various ages, diagnosed with gastritis. Helicobacter spp. was detected in stool samples using the nested-PCR method. Helicobacter bacteria were identified in stool samples from seven (23.3%) dogs. Helicobacter heilmannii was found to be the most common species of gastric Helicobacter. Helicobacter salomonis was identified much less frequently, while Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter bizzozeronii were not detected in any of the samples.
Production and characterization of egg yolk antibody (IgY) against recombinant VP8-S2 antigen
Authors: Nasiri K. , Nassiri M.R. , Tahmoorespur M. , Haghparast A. , Zibaee S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Bovine Rotavirus and Bovine Coronavirus are the most important causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in some other species such as pigs and sheep. VP8 subunit of rotavirus is the major determinant of the viral infectivity and neutralization. Spike glycoprotein of coronavirus is responsible for induction of neutralizing antibody response. Studies showed that immunoglobulin of egg yolk (IgY) from immunized hens has been identified to be a convenient source for specific antibodies for using in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostic to limit the infections.
In this study, chimeric VP8-S2 gene was designed using by computational techniques. The chimeric VP8-S2 gene was cloned and sub-cloned into pGH and pET32a (+) vectors. Then, recombinant pET32a-VP8-S2 vector was transferred into E. coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3). The expressed protein was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography column. Hens were immunized with the purified VP8-S2 protein three times. IgY was purified from egg yolks using polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Activity and specificity of anti-VP8-S2 IgY were detected by dot-blotting, Western-blotting and indirect ELISA.
We obtained anti-VP8-S2 IgY by immunizing hens with the recombinant VP8-S2 protein. The anti-VP8-S2 IgY was showed to bind specifically to the chimeric VP8-S2 protein by dot-blotting, Western-blotting analyses and indirect ELISA. The result of this study indicated that such construction can be useful to investigate as candidates for development of detection methods for simultaneous diagnosis of both infections. Specific IgY against the recombinant VP8-S2 could be recommended as a candidate for passive immunization against bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus.
Effect of neonatal or adult heat acclimation on plasma fT3 level, testicular thyroid receptors expression in male rats and testicular steroidogenesis in vitro in response to triiodothyronine treatment
Authors: Kurowicka B. , Chrusciel M. , Zmijewska A. , Kotwica G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of heat acclimation of neonatal and adult rats on their testes response toin vitrotreatment with triiodothyronine (T3). Four groups of rats were housed from birth as: 1) control (CR) at 20°C for 90 days, 2) neonatal heat-acclimated (NHA) at 34°C for 90 days, 3) adult heat-acclimated (AHA) at 20°C for 45 days followed by 45 days at 34°C and 4) de-acclimated (DA) at 34°C for 45 days followed by 45 days at 20°C. Blood plasma and both testes were harvested from 90-day old rats. Testicular slices were then submitted toin vitrotreatment with T3 (100 ng/ml) for 8 h. Plasma fT3 level was lower in AHA, NHA and DA groups than in CR group. Basal thyroid hormone receptor α1 (Thra1) expression was higher in testes of NHA and DA and β1 receptor (Thrb1) in DA ratsvs.other groups. In thein vitroexperiment, T3: 1) decreasedThra1expression in all groups andThrb1in DA group, 2) increasedStarexpression in CR, NHA and DA groups, andHsd17b3expression in NHA group, 3) decreased the expression ofCyp11a1in NHA and DA groups, andCyp19a1in all the groups, 4) did not affect the activity of steroidogenic enzymes and steroid secretion (A4, T, E2) in all the groups. These results indicate, that heat acclimation of rats, depending on their age, mainly affects the testicular expression of steroidogenic enzymes in response to short-lasting treatment with T3.
Influence of various carbohydrate sources on postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA concentrations in obese cats
Authors: Mori A. , Ueda K. , Lee P. , Oda H. , Ishioka K. , Sako T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Carbohydrate is an important source of energy, which can significantly affect postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in cats. In healthy animals, this is not a big concern; however, in obese and diabetic animals, this is an important detail. In the present study, the impact of four different carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, corn starch, and trehalose) on short-term post-prandial serum glucose, insulin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations was investigated with four obese cats. Each of the carbohydrate sources was added to a commercial wet food diet for feeding the animals. A significant difference was observed in postprandial glucose, insulin, and NEFA area under the curve (AUC) values between each carbohydrate source in obese cats. Furthermore, glucose and maltose induced the highest postprandial glucose and insulin AUC values, whereas trehalose induced the lowest postprandial glucose and insulin AUC value amongst all carbohydrate sources, respectively, in obese cats. However, trehalose has a higher risk of inducing side effects, such as diarrhea, as compared to other carbohydrate sources. As such, different carbohydrate sources appear to have a very significant impact on post-prandial glycemia and subsequent insulin requirement levels in obese cats. These results might be useful when selecting a prescription diet for obese or diabetic cats. In addition, maltose appears to be capable of inducing experimentally evoked postprandial hyperglycemia in obese cats, which may serve as a good tool for use to check the impact and effectiveness of newly developed oral hypoglycemic drugs or supplements for cats in future experiments.
Understory Changes in Fraxinus excelsior Stands in Response to Dieback in Latvia
Authors: Pušpure Ilze , Laiviņš Māris , Matisons Roberts , Gaitnieks Tālis 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Intense dieback of Fraxinus excelsior L. has been causing rapid changes in advance growth of trees and understory shrub growth of the affected stands. In this study, changes in composition and density of understory were studied in 15 permanent plots (each 235.6 m2), repeatedly sampled in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Within each plot, the number and average height of understory individuals were determined. The successional changes in understory were assessed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. In total, 11 advance growth and 20 undergrowth species were recorded. A significant increase in the density of understory was observed only in 2015, mainly due to understorey growth of Corylus avellana L., Padus avium Mill., and Lonicera xylosteum L. Regarding advanced growth, the highest density was observed for Ulmus glabra Huds., F. excelsior and Acer platanoides L.; the density of A. platanoides and F. excelsior increased particularly in the period from 2010–2015. The observed successional changes suggested individuality of development of the affected stands according to the composition of the remaining and neighbouring canopy trees.
Bedeutung der Frühstücksmahlzeit für die Regulation des Körpergewichts und das kardiometabolische Risiko
Authors: Bosy-Westphal Anja , Nas Alessa , Hägele Franziska 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Epidemiologische Studien finden einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Weglassen der Frühstücksmahlzeit und dem Risiko für Adipositas, Typ-2-Diabetes und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien lassen dagegen Zweifel an der kausalen Bedeutung des Frühstücks. Studien mit kontrollierter Energiezufuhr liefern demgegenüber wichtige Hinweise auf zugrunde liegende Mechanismen für die Dysregulation der Energiebilanz und des Stoffwechsels.
Experimental measurements of U24Py nanocluster behavior in aqueous solution
Authors: Flynn Shannon L. , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Dembowski Mateusz , Burns Peter C. , Fein Jeremy B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters may impact the mobility and partitioning of uranium at contaminated sites and could be used in the isolation of uranium during the reprocessing of nuclear waste. Their behavior in aqueous systems must be better understood to predict the environmental fate of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters and for their use in engineered systems. The aqueous stability of only one uranyl peroxide nanocluster, U60 (K16Li44[UO2(O2)OH]60), has been studied to date [Flynn, S. L., Szymanowski, J. E. S., Gao, Y., Liu, T., Burns, P. C., Fein, J. B.: Experimental measurements of U60 nanocluster stability in aqueous solution. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 156, 94–105 (2015)]. In this study, we measured the aqueous stability of a second uranyl peroxide nanocluster, U24Py (Na30[(UO2)24(O2)24(HP2O7)6(H2P2O7)6]), in batch systems as a function of time, pH, and nanocluster concentration, and then compared the aqueous behavior of U24Py to U60 to determine whether the size and morphology differences result in differences in their aqueous behaviors. Systems containing U24Py nanoclusters took over 30 days to achieve steady-state concentrations of monomeric U, Na, and P, illustrating slower reaction kinetics than parallel U60 systems. Furthermore, U24Py exhibited lower stability in solution than U60, with an average of 72% of the total mass in each nanocluster suspension being associated with the U24Py nanocluster, whereas 97% was associated with the U60 nanocluster in parallel experiments [Flynn, S. L., Szymanowski, J. E. S., Gao, Y., Liu, T., Burns, P. C., Fein, J. B.: Experimental measurements of U60 nanocluster stability in aqueous solution. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 156, 94–105 (2015)]. The measurements from the batch experiments were used to calculate ion activity product (IAP) values for the reaction between the U24Py nanocluster and its constituent monomeric aqueous species. The IAP values, calculated assuming the activity of the U24Py nanocluster is equal to its concentration in solution, exhibit a significantly lower nanocluster concentration dependence than those IAP values calculated assuming an activity of 1 for the nanocluster. The inclusion of a deprotonation reaction for U24Py minimizes the pH dependence of the calculated IAP values. The modeling results suggest that the U24Py nanocluster experiences sequential deprotonation. Taken together, the results indicate that the aqueous behavior of the U24Py nanocluster, like that of U60, is best described as that of an aqueous complex.
Belief propagation in genotype-phenotype networks
Authors: Moharil Janhavi , May Paul , Gaile Daniel P. , Blair Rachael Hageman 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGraphical models have proven to be a valuable tool for connecting genotypes and phenotypes. Structural learning of phenotype-genotype networks has received considerable attention in the post-genome era. In recent years, a dozen different methods have emerged for network inference, which leverage natural variation that arises in certain genetic populations. The structure of the network itself can be used to form hypotheses based on the inferred direct and indirect network relationships, but represents a premature endpoint to the graphical analyses. In this work, we extend this endpoint. We examine the unexplored problem of perturbing a given network structure, and quantifying the system-wide effects on the network in a node-wise manner. The perturbation is achieved through the setting of values of phenotype node(s), which may reflect an inhibition or activation, and propagating this information through the entire network. We leverage belief propagation methods in Conditional Gaussian Bayesian Networks (CG-BNs), in order to absorb and propagate phenotypic evidence through the network. We show that the modeling assumptions adopted for genotype-phenotype networks represent an important sub-class of CG-BNs, which possess properties that ensure exact inference in the propagation scheme. The system-wide effects of the perturbation are quantified in a node-wise manner through the comparison of perturbed and unperturbed marginal distributions using a symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence. Applications to kidney and skin cancer expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from different
Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B / Kronik hepatit B hastalarında serum insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü 1 (IGF-1) ve insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü bağlayıcı protein 3 (IGFBP-3) düzeyleri
Authors: Ulusoy Cemalettin , Haklar Goncagül , Kızıltaş Şafak , İmeryüz Neşe , Yaman Ali 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Objective: Decreased serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels have been found in patients with chronic liver disease of different etiologies, but these factors have not been studied extensively in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced chronic liver disease.
Methods: We have investigated serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in 40 patients with chronic HBV and 40 patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis. According to Child-Pugh classification cirrhotic patients were divided into three groups. Forty age-and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured by immunochemiluminescence. The results were compared with those for serum albumin, total bilirubin, transaminase activity, and with prothrombin time.
Results: IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis than in those with chronic HBV and in controls (p<0.001). In chronic HBV patients, IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower than in controls (p=0.013). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with Child-Pugh stage B and Child-Pugh stage C compared with Child-Pugh stage A (for IGF-1 p=0.037 and p<0.001, for IGFBP-3 p=0.036 and p<0.001, respectively). In patients with Child-Pugh stage C significantly IGF-1 levels were lower than in patients with Child-Pugh stage B (p=0.003). IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were positively correlated with serum albumin concentrations and negatively correlated with serum total bilirubin and prothrombin time concentrations in cirrhotic patients. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in chronic HBV patients were negatively correlated with serum transaminases.
Conclusion: We conclude that serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 may be useful markers for liver dysfunction in patients with HBV-induced chronic liver disease.