bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and efficiency of immunisation strategies to prevent RSV among infants and older adults in Germany: a modelling study
Authors: Krauer Fabienne , Guenther Felix , Treskova-Schwarzbach Marina , Schoenfeld Viktoria , Koltai Mihaly , Jit Mark , Hodgson David , Schneider Udo , Wichmann Ole , Harder Thomas , Sandmann Frank G. , Flasche Stefan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently, several novel RSV immunisation products that protect infants and older adults against RSV disease have been licensed in Europe. We estimated the effectiveness and efficiency of introducing these RSV immunisation strategies in Germany.

Methods
We used a Bayesian framework to fit a deterministic age-structured dynamic transmission model of RSV to sentinel surveillance and RSV-specific hospitalisation data in Germany from 2015 to 2019. The calibrated model was used to evaluate different RSV intervention strategies over 5 years: long-acting, single-dose monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in high-risk infants aged 1–5 months; long-acting mAbs in all infants aged 1–5 months; seasonal vaccination of pregnant women and one-time seasonal vaccination of older adults (75 + /65 + /55 + years). We performed sensitivity analysis on vaccine uptake, seasonal vs. year-round maternal vaccination, and the effect of under-ascertainment for older adults.

Results
The model was able to match the various RSV datasets. Replacing the current short-acting mAB for high-risk infants with long-acting mAbs prevented 1.1% of RSV-specific hospitalisations in infants per year at the same uptake. Expanding the long-acting mAB programme to all infants prevented 39.3% of infant hospitalisations per year. Maternal vaccination required a larger number to be immunised to prevent one additional hospitalisation than a long-acting mAB for the same uptake. Vaccination of adults older than 75 years at an uptake of 40% in addition to Nirsevimab in all infants prevented an additional 4.5% of all RSV hospitalisations over 5 years, with substantial uncertainty in the correction for under-ascertainment of the RSV burden.

Conclusions
Immunisation has the potential to reduce the RSV disease burden in Germany.
Transcriptome wide changes in long noncoding RNAs in diabetic ischemic heart disease
Authors: Rai Amit Kumar , Muthukumaran Natarajaseenivasan Suriya , Nisini Noemi , Lee Tiffany , Kyriazis Ioannis D. , de Lucia Claudio , Piedepalumbo Michela , Roy Rajika , Uchida Shizuka , Drosatos Konstantinos , Bisserier Malik , Katare Rajesh , Goukassian David , Kishore Raj , Garikipati Venkata Naga Srikanth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMore than 10% of adults in the United States have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with a 2–4 times higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease than the non-diabetics. Despite extensive research approaches to limit this life-threatening condition have proven unsuccessful, highlighting the need for understanding underlying molecular mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which regulate gene expression by acting as signals, decoys, guides, or scaffolds have been implicated in diverse cardiovascular conditions. However, their role in ischemic heart disease in DM remains poorly understood. We provide new insights into the lncRNA expression profile after ischemic heart disease in DM mice. We performed unbiased RNA sequencing of well-characterized type 2 DM model db/db mice or its control db/+ subjected to sham or MI surgery. Computational analysis of the RNA sequencing of these LV tissues identified several differentially expressed lncRNAs between (db/db sham vs. db/db MI) including Gm19522 and Gm8075. lncRNA Gm-19522 may regulate DNA replication via DNA protein kinases, while lncRNA Gm-8075 is associated with cancer gene dysregulation and PI3K/Akt pathways. Thus, the downregulation of lncRNAs Gm19522 and Gm8075 post-MI may serve as potential biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets to improve cardiac repair/recovery in diabetic ischemic heart disease.
Parvimonas micra forms a distinct bacterial network with oral pathobionts in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Löwenmark Thyra , Köhn Linda , Kellgren Therese , Rosenbaum William , Bronnec Vicky , Löfgren-Burström Anna , Zingmark Carl , Larsson Pär , Dahlberg Michael , Schroeder Bjoern O. , Wai Sun Nyunt , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Edin Sofia , Palmqvist Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence suggests a significant role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, an over-representation of oral pathogens has been linked to CRC. The aim of this study was to further investigate the faecal microbial landscape of CRC patients, with a focus on the oral pathogens Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Methods
In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted using faecal samples from CRC patients (n = 275) and controls without pathological findings (n = 95).

Results
We discovered a significant difference in microbial composition depending on tumour location and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, with P. micra, F. nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis found to be more abundant in patients with MSI tumours. Moreover, P. micra and F. nucleatum were associated with a cluster of CRC-related bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis as well as with other oral pathogens such as P. stomatis and various Porphyromonas species. This cluster was distinctly different in the control group, suggesting its potential linkage with CRC.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a similar distribution of several CRC-associated bacteria within CRC patients, underscoring the importance of considering the concomitant presence of bacterial species in studies investigating the mechanisms of CRC development and progression.
Individual empowerment and community norm effects of engaging young husbands in reproductive health in rural India: findings from a pilot study
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , Vaishnav Yogesh , Choudhary Usha , Sharma Payal , Kachhwaha Ankur , Panjalingam Tamera , Vallin Janelli , Das Debangana , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite decades of a call to action to engage men in reproductive health, men are often left out of programs and interventions. In India, where half of pregnancies are reported as unintended, patriarchal gender norms and still dominant patterns of arranged marriages make engaging men in family planning and strengthening couples communication critical in increasing reproductive autonomy and helping young couples meet their reproductive goals. This study explores the feasibility and acceptability from the men’s perspective of the pilot of a gender transformative intervention for newly married couples in India.

Methods
A pilot study was conducted of TARANG, a 4 month intervention for newly married women, with light touch engagement of husbands (4 sessions). A total of 41 husbands participated in the pilot, and we collected baseline knowledge and endline feasibility and acceptability data from them, along with in depth qualitative interviews with 13 men. The study was conducted in June 2023-January 2024.

Results
Men had low levels of knowledge about biology, family planning, with the majority of men reporting that no one had provided them information about these topics. Most men wanted to delay the first birth by at least 2 years, yet less than a quarter had discussed childbearing plans with their partner or engaged in family planning methods. While all men reported high acceptability (satisfaction and usefulness), feasibility (participation) was low, with only 43% attending 2 or more sessions. Main barriers to participation included commitments due to work and migration. Men reported that the intervention led to improvements in their relationships with their wives, gave them a sense of empowerment, and led them to become resources for other men in their community.

Conclusions
Men in these rural communities are not receiving the information that they need to meet their reproductive goals, however, they greatly desire this information and ways to improve relationships with their new wives. Such an intervention appears to have the potential to help change norms and spread information in the community and provide men with positive, life affirming feelings. Providing information through technology could address barriers to in-person engagement.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov
03/13/24.NCT06320964
Low cost and real-time surveillance of enteric infection and diarrhoeal disease using rapid diagnostic tests in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Watson Samuel I. , Ul Alam Mohammed Atique , Rego Ryan T. T. , Lilford Richard J. , Barman Ashok Kumar , Alam Baharul , Faruque A. S. G. , Islam Md. Sirajul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Real-time disease surveillance is an important component of infection control in at-risk populations. However, data on cases or from lab testing is often not available in many low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), including immunochromatographic assays, may provide a low cost, expedited source of infection data.

Methods
We conducted a pilot survey-based prevalence mapping study of enteric infection in Camp 24 of the camps for the forcibly displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We randomly sampled the population and collected and tested stool from under-fives for eight pathogens using RDTs in January–March 2021 and September–October 2021. A Bayesian geospatial statistical model allowing for imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the tests was adapted.

Results
We collected and tested 396 and 181 stools in the two data collection rounds. Corrected prevalence estimates ranged from 0.5% (Norovirus) to 27.4% (Giardia). Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157, Campylobacter, and Cryptosporidium were predicted to be higher in the high density area of the camp with relatively high probability (70–95%), while Adenovirus, Norovirus, and Rotavirus were lower in the areas with high water chlorination. Clustering of cases of Giardia and Shigella was also observed, although associated with relatively high uncertainty.

Conclusions
With an appropriate correction for diagnostic performance RDTs can be used to generate reliable prevalence estimates, maps, and well-calibrated uncertainty estimates at a significantly lower cost than lab-based studies, providing a useful approach for disease surveillance in these settings.
Predictors of treatment outcome in higher levels of care among a large sample of adolescents with heterogeneous eating disorders
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Gorrell Sasha , Duffy Alan , Blalock Dan V. , Mehler Philip , Brandt Harry , McClanahan Susan , Zucker Kianna , Lynch Naomi , Singh Simar , Drury Catherine R. , Le Grange Daniel , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite widespread use of higher levels of care in treating eating disorders in adolescents, research supporting the use of these treatments remains limited by small sample sizes and a predominant focus on anorexia nervosa. Further, existing data regarding predictors of outcome have yielded mixed findings. In the current study, we evaluated treatment outcomes and predictors of outcome among a large sample of adolescents with eating disorders presenting to inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization programs, and intensive outpatient programs across the United States.

Methods
Adolescents (N = 1,971) completed self-report measures of eating disorder symptoms, depression, and anxiety at treatment admission, stepdown, and discharge. Using linear mixed effect models, we evaluated changes in symptoms over treatment separately among youth admitted to inpatient/residential treatment and those admitted to partial hospitalization/intensive outpatient programs, and used established metrics to gauge frequency of reliable (i.e., statistically reliable) and clinically significant change.

Results
Results suggested decreases in eating disorder symptoms, depression, and anxiety from intake to discharge. Around 50% of the sample reported reliable decreases in eating disorder symptoms at stepdown and discharge, with 30% of the sample reporting reliable reductions in depression and anxiety. Psychiatric comorbidity, primary diagnosis, age, and eating disorder symptoms at admission consistently predicted treatment-related change, although patterns in findings varied across symptoms.

Conclusions
Data from our sample are consistent with past work suggesting that adolescents enrolled in higher levels of care report clinical benefit; however, these effects are heterogenous, and a significant portion of individuals may not report reliable change in symptoms. Ultimately, ongoing work is required to better understand how and for whom higher levels of care may achieve their benefit and to identify the optimal approach for improving outcomes for adolescents with eating disorders.
Effective capture of As(V) from water by a facile one step hydrothermal synthesized of 2-D bismuthene quantum dots nanosorbent
Authors: Hassan Saad S. M. , Mahmoud Mohamed E. , Tharwat Rana M. , Abdelfattah Amir M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArsenic species have been known for their toxic impact on human. Therefore, removal of such pollutant requires efficient and effective removal methodology from polluted water. In this study, bismuthene quantum dots (Bi-ene-QDs) were fabricated by a green and facile one pot-hydrothermal conversion reaction of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O. Bi-ene-QDs exhibited semi-spherical crystalline providing 6.0 nm 157.78 m2/g. Consequently, As(V) capturing by Bi-ene-QDs revealed optimum practical conditions at pH 3, interaction duration time 40 min and 10 mg Bi-ene-QDs dosage. The interaction of As(V) ions with Bi-ene-QDs were confirmed by the appearance of As-O stretching vibration. Moreover, Bi-ene-QDs achieved excellent adsorptive capture percentages of Arsenic ions from sea, tap and wastewater providing 94.61, 95.21 and 94.38% from contaminated samples with 5 mg L−1 Arsenic ions. Therefore, Bi-ene-QDs can be categorized as an unprecedented and efficient nanosorbent for the successful removal of Arsenic ions pollution from various wastewater matrices with > 90.0% efficiency.
Leukocytosis and thrombocytosis after splenectomy: expected finding, infection, or something else: a case report
Authors: Gonzalez Nicolas , Nahmias Jeffry , Lee Lisa X. , Dolich Matthew , Lekawa Michael , Kong Allen , Grigorian Areg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Leukocytosis and thrombocytosis often follow splenectomy in blunt trauma patients, complicating the postoperative identification of infection. While the platelet count to white blood cell ratio provides diagnostic assistance to discern between expected laboratory alterations and infection, diagnoses such as leukemia are often overlooked.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old Hispanic male presented with abdominal pain, nausea, tachycardia, and focal peritonitis 4 days after being assaulted and struck multiple times in the abdomen. Initial white blood cell count was 38.4 × 109/L, platelet count was 691 × 109/L, and lipase was 55 U/L. Computed tomography abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a hematoma encasing the distal pancreas and abutting the stomach and colon. Emergent laparotomy revealed a nearly transected pancreas and devascularized colon, necessitating a distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and colonic resection with primary anastomosis. Postoperatively, he had a persistently elevated leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, segmented neutrophils, eosinophilia, and basophilia (peak at 70, 2293, 64, 1.1, and 1.2 × 109/L, respectively). Despite sepsis workup, including repeat computed tomography, no source was identified. Hematology/oncology was consulted for concern for hematologic etiology, with genetic testing and bone marrow biopsy performed. The diagnosis of breakpoint cluster–Abelson gene-positive chronic myeloid leukemia was made based on genetic tests, including polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, which confirmed the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Bone marrow biopsy suggested a chronic phase. The patient was treated with hydroxyurea and transitioned to imatinib.

Conclusions
Thrombocytosis following splenectomy is a common complication and a plate count to white blood cell count ratio  < 20 indicates infectious etiology. A significantly elevated white blood cell count (> 50 × 109/L) and thrombocytosis (> 2000 × 109/L) may suggest something more ominous, including chronic myeloid leukemia , particularly when elevated granulocyte counts are present. Chronic myeloid leukemia workup includes peripheral smear, bone marrow aspiration, and determination of Philadelphia chromosome. Post-splenectomy vaccines are still indicated within 14 days; however, the timing of immunization with cancer treatment must be considered. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the first-line therapy and benefits of pretreatment with hydroxyurea for cytoreduction remain under investigation. Additionally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been associated with gastrointestinal perforation and impaired wound healing, necessitating heightened attention in patients with a new bowel anastomosis.
Local inconsistency detection using the Kullback–Leibler divergence measure
Authors: Spineli Loukia M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The standard approach to local inconsistency assessment typically relies on testing the conflict between the direct and indirect evidence in selected treatment comparisons. However, statistical tests for inconsistency have low power and are subject to misinterpreting a p-value above the significance threshold as evidence of consistency.

Methods
We propose a simple framework to interpret local inconsistency based on the average Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) from approximating the direct with the corresponding indirect estimate and vice versa. Our framework uses directly the mean and standard error (or posterior mean and standard deviation) of the direct and indirect estimates obtained from a local inconsistency method to calculate the average KLD measure for selected comparisons. The average KLD values are compared with a semi-objective threshold to judge the inconsistency as acceptably low or material. We exemplify our novel interpretation approach using three networks with multiple treatments and multi-arm studies.

Results
Almost all selected comparisons in the networks were not associated with statistically significant inconsistency at a significance level of 5%. The proposed interpretation framework indicated 14%, 66%, and 75% of the selected comparisons with an acceptably low inconsistency in the corresponding networks. Overall, information loss was more notable when approximating the posterior density of the indirect estimates with that of the direct estimates, attributed to indirect estimates being more imprecise.

Conclusions
Using the concept of information loss between two distributions alongside a semi-objectively defined threshold helped distinguish target comparisons with acceptably low inconsistency from those with material inconsistency when statistical tests for inconsistency were inconclusive.
Stability and boundedness of solutions to a certain third-order neutral integro-differential equation with constant delay
Authors: Mahmoud Ayman M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we examine a third-order nonlinear neutral integro-differential equation with constant delay. By building a Lyapunov functional, we obtain some sufficient criteria that ensure the asymptotic stability and boundedness of solutions for an analyzed equation. We present two examples to demonstrate the applicability of our conclusions, which extend and improve several well-known results in the literature.
Unveiling lignocellulolytic potential: a genomic exploration of bacterial lineages within the termite gut
Authors: Salgado João Felipe M. , Hervé Vincent , Vera Manuel A. G. , Tokuda Gaku , Brune Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The microbial landscape within termite guts varies across termite families. The gut microbiota of lower termites (LT) is dominated by cellulolytic flagellates that sequester wood particles in their digestive vacuoles, whereas in the flagellate-free higher termites (HT), cellulolytic activity has been attributed to fiber-associated bacteria. However, little is known about the role of individual lineages in fiber digestion, particularly in LT.

Results
We investigated the lignocellulolytic potential of 2223 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the gut metagenomes of 51 termite species. In the flagellate-dependent LT, cellulolytic enzymes are restricted to MAGs of Bacteroidota (Dysgonomonadaceae, Tannerellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Azobacteroidaceae) and Spirochaetota (Breznakiellaceae) and reflect a specialization on cellodextrins, whereas their hemicellulolytic arsenal features activities on xylans and diverse heteropolymers. By contrast, the MAGs derived from flagellate-free HT possess a comprehensive arsenal of exo- and endoglucanases that resembles that of termite gut flagellates, underlining that Fibrobacterota and Spirochaetota occupy the cellulolytic niche that became vacant after the loss of the flagellates. Furthermore, we detected directly or indirectly oxygen-dependent enzymes that oxidize cellulose or modify lignin in MAGs of Pseudomonadota (Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales) and Actinomycetota (Actinomycetales, Mycobacteriales), representing lineages located at the hindgut wall.

Conclusions
The results of this study refine our concept of symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts, emphasizing the differential roles of specific bacterial lineages in both flagellate-dependent and flagellate-independent breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses, as well as a so far unappreciated role of oxygen in the depolymerization of plant fiber and lignin in the microoxic periphery during gut passage in HT.