bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre traumatisme originel et choc fondateur : la Guerre Civile espagnole dans la série catalane Temps de silenci (TV3, 2001-2002)
Authors: Houdiard Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

Depuis quelques années, les fictions à caractère historique se multiplient sur la chaîne publique catalane TV3. De La memòria dels Cargols (TV3, 1999), série humoristique relatant la vie d'une famille catalane durant sept siècles, à Ermessenda (TV3, 2011), mini-série centrée sur Ermessende de Carcassonne, qui régna sur les comtés de Barcelone, Gérone et Osona au début du XIe siècle, ces productions ont en commun de faire découvrir aux téléspectateurs quelques pages de l'histoire de cette « Nation sans État » qu'est la Catalogne, et d'explorer ainsi les origines et la construction d'une identité particulière, forgée dans l'adversité et maintes fois mise à mal. La série Temps de silenci (TV3, 2001-2002) constitue un exemple intéressant de ce traitement fictionnel de l'Histoire : elle raconte les amours contrariées d'Isabel Dalmau, fille d'un riche industriel barcelonais, et de Ramon Comes, employé dans l'usine de ce dernier, depuis les derniers mois de la Seconde République espagnole jusqu'à la Transition démocratique, en passant par les longues années de dictature du général Franco. L'un des traits d'originalité majeurs de cette série, si on la compare à des productions du même type, comme la série espagnole Amar en tiempos revueltos (TVE, 2005-2012), est le traitement de l'Histoire : au lieu d’être une toile de fond un peu grossière, un simple décor pour une romance tumultueuse, elle est bien souvent au premier plan dans Temps de silenci. A cet égard, l'évocation de la guerre civile espagnole dans cette série est particulièrement intéressante : le conflit qui sonne le glas de la relation naissante entre Isabel et Ramon porte également un coup fatal à ce qu'était la Catalogne durant la République. A travers l’itinéraire des personnages, protagonistes ou comparses, Temps de silenci raconte l'histoire de la Catalogne contemporaine comme celle d'une (re)construction après ce que l'on pourrait considérer comme un traumatisme originel : quatre décennies de répression visant à détruire la culture et l'identité catalanes, mais aussi et surtout quarante ans de résistance pour que continuent à vivre une langue et une culture, autant d'années de lutte dont les Catalans d'aujourd'hui sont les héritiers.
Terrorisme ou guerre de libération ? Lecture critique du conflit israélo-palestinien dans The Promise de Peter Kosminsky (Channel Four, 2011)
Authors: Hary Maggy 
Published: December 2016

Depuis ses débuts en tant que réalisateur, l’œuvre de Peter Kosminsky est marquée par une réflexion sur la guerre, que celle-ci soit abordée via le documentaire (The Falklands War : the Untold Story, Yorkshire Television, 1987) ou la fiction (Warriors, BBC One, 1999). The Promise (Channel 4, 2011), qui revient sur l’histoire du conflit israélo-arabe, ne fait pas exception à la règle. Plus qu’une simple série historique cherchant à reconstituer le plus fidèlement possible des événements passés, The Promise éclaire le conflit israélo-palestinien actuel à la lumière de la violence qui a marqué la naissance de l’État hébreu. En ce sens, il livre une lecture critique et éminemment polémique d’un conflit qui semble voué à se poursuivre à l’infini. Mais en suscitant l’empathie du spectateur pour tous les personnages qui incarnent cette grande fresque historique, quelles que soient leurs ambitions politiques, Kosminsky dresse aussi un portrait nuancé et sensible d’une situation géopolitique extrêmement épineuse que l’on ne saurait résoudre à des simplifications manichéennes.
L’art du stéréotype : la représentation des guerres de Religion dans la série Le Chevalier de Pardaillan de Josée Dayan (Antenne 2, 1988)
Authors: Carpi Olivia 
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser la forme et le fond d’une production télévisuelle méconnue car déjà ancienne (1986-88) et considérée comme très inférieure à d’autres du même genre qui l’ont précédée, celles de l’âge d’or du feuilleton historique télévisé, dans les années 1960-70. Car cette adaptation, très fidèle, du roman de cape et d’épée de Michel Zévaco est indéniablement porteuse d’un imaginaire, qui n’a d’ailleurs rien de spécifique, des guerres de Religion françaises du XVIe siècle. Celles-ci ont effectivement alimenté une véritable « mythologie nationale », dont on retrouve l’essentiel dans cette œuvre télévisuelle qui se voulait plaisante et consensuelle, mais dont le contenu est pourtant loin d’être anodin, idéologiquement parlant.
Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Dressings and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Düzkaya Duygu Sönmez , Sahiner Nejla Canbulat , Uysal Gülzade , Yakut Tülay , Çitak Agop 
Published: December 2016

Background
Bloodstream infections related to use of catheters are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital lengths of stay, and increased medical costs.

Objectives
To compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings with that of standard dressings in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Methods
A total of 100 children were randomly divided into 2 groups of 50 each: a chlorhexidine group and a standard group. Patient care was provided in accordance with prevention bundles. Patients were followed up for development of catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Results
Catheter colonization occurred in 4 patients in the standard group (8%) and in 1 patient in the chlorhexidine group (2%). Catheter-related bloodstream infections occurred in 5 patients in the standard group (10%) and in 1 patient in the chlorhexidine group (2%). Although more patients in the standard group had catheter-related bloodstream infections, the difference in infection rates between the 2 groups was not significant (P = .07).

Conclusions
Use of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings reduced rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections, contamination, colonization, and local catheter infection in a pediatric intensive care unit but was not significantly better than use of standard dressings.
Full Scale Ice Trials of the Icebreaking Research Vessel R/V Sikuliaq
Authors: Neville M. A. , Martin E. H. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
AKAC participated in the full scale ice trials of the newly built R/V Sikuliaq, owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. The purpose of the trials was to identify its ability to conduct science missions in ice, as well as to develop operational procedures for conducting independent science missions in ice.
This paper gives an overview of the key design features of the R/V Sikuliaq that enable it to conduct science missions in ice, as well as the observations and results from the full scale trials.
This paper provides real life experience on the operational performance of a state of the art research vessel. The experiences shared in this paper are applicable to a wide range of operations in ice, including station keeping in ice and towing in ice.
Protective T Cell Responses Featured by Concordant Recognition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus–Derived CD8+ T Cell Epitopes and Host MHC
Authors: Liu William J. , Lan Jiaming , Liu Kefang , Deng Yao , Yao Yanfeng , Wu Shaolian , Chen Hong , Bao Lingling , Zhang Haifeng , Zhao Min , Wang Qihui , Han Lingxia , Chai Yan , Qi Jianxun , Zhao Jincun , Meng Songdong , Qin Chuan , Gao George F. , Tan Wenjie 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The coordinated recognition of virus-derived T cell epitopes and MHC molecules by T cells plays a pivotal role in cellular immunity–mediated virus clearance. It has been demonstrated that the conformation of MHC class I (MHC I) molecules can be adjusted by the presented peptide, which impacts T cell activation. However, it is still largely unknown whether the conformational shift of MHC I influences the protective effect of virus-specific T cells. In this study, utilizing the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus–infected mouse model, we observed that through the unusual secondary anchor Ile5, a CD8+ T cell epitope drove the conformational fit of Trp73 on the α1 helix of murine MHC I H-2Kd. In vitro renaturation and circular dichroism assays indicated that this shift of the structure did not influence the peptide/MHC I binding affinity. Nevertheless, the T cell recognition and the protective effect of the peptide diminished when we made an Ile to Ala mutation at position 5 of the original peptide. The molecular bases of the concordant recognition of T cell epitopes and host MHC-dependent protection were demonstrated through both crystal structure determination and tetramer staining using the peptide–MHC complex. Our results indicate a coordinated MHC I/peptide interaction mechanism and provide a beneficial reference for T cell–oriented vaccine development against emerging viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
THE EFFECT OF FREEZE-DEHYDRATION ON THE SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN PSYCHROTROPHIC BACTERIA IN SKIMMILK, ICE CREAM MIX SUBSTITUTE AND COTTAGE CHEESE1
Authors: Vanderzant C. , Suarez F. R. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Studies on the effect of freeze-dehydration on the survival of psychrotropic bacteria in milk and ice cream mix substitute showed that a species of Achromobacter was relatively resistant as compared to five cultures of Pseudomonas. The effect of freezing on the viable population varied greatly not only between cultures but also within cultures from one sampling period to another. In some instances increases in viable count were observed after freezing. The effect of freeze-dehydration on the cultures in ice cream mix substitute was in many aspects similar to that observed in skimmilk. Increases in viable count took place when freeze-dehydrated milk cultures of F11 and 54 were rehydrated and stored at 5.5 C. However, a further reduction in viable count took place in samples stored in the dehydrated form. Freeze-dehydration of milk cultures with different concentrations of bacteria did not show a definite pattern in change of viable population with cell concentration.
Freeze-dehydration of cottage cheese contaminated with cultures F11 and 54 caused an extensive reduction of the number of viable bacteria. When dehydrated samples were rehydrated and stored at 5.5 C no extensive changes in viable count occurred. In samples stored dry, however, there were further reductions in viable count. The effect of freeze-dehydration on culture 54 in cottage cheese was different from that observed in milk or ice cream mix substitute. Preliminary experiments suggest that the method used to enumerate this organism may be responsible for this phenomenon.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR GRADING MILK INTENDED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES1,2
Authors: Dabbah Roger , Tatini Sita Ramayya , Olson J. C. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Samples of milk intended for manufacturing purposes were obtained once each season from randomly selected dairy farms in three widely separated geographical locations. Samples (3873) were analyzed by standard plate count (SPC-32 C), direct microscopic clump count (DMCC), methylene blue (MBRT) and resazurin (RRT), (5P 7/4) test. Correlations for SPC vs. DMCC, MBRT, and RRT were r = 0.78, −0.82 and −0.79, respectively; DMCC vs. MBRT, RRT, r = −0.75 and −0.68, respectively; MBRT vs. RRT, r = 0.86. Prediction of DMCC, MBRT, and RRT on the basis of their regressions with SPC Were influenced significantly (99% level of significance) by the geographical source of samples, the type of milk handling on the farm (can or farm bulk tank) and season. On the basis of equivalents (determined by regression) between classifying tests, new standards were developed. The percentage of samples classed the same by the four methods using these new calculated classifications or the classification recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was approximately 50% of all samples. Agreement between the four methods of classifying samples was not close enough to warrant the interchangeable use of the four tests.
Results from calculated classifications varied considerably with geographical location and with the method of handling milk on the farm. Although the use of calculated classifications would give better agreement among the four methods when applied to the supplies from which they were derived, multiplicity of tests methods, their application and interpretation would cause much confusion. Use of the RRT with a 5P 7/4 Munsell color end-point with separate procedures, one for can supplies (RRT: &gt; 2 1/2, ≤ 2 1/2, and ≤ 1 1/2 hr for Class 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and one for farm bulk tank supplies (RRT: &gt; 3 1/2, ≤ 3 1/2, and ≤ 2 1/2 for Class 1, 2, and 3, respectively) resulted in grading milk, intended for manufacturing purposes, more uniformly than either use of the four classification methods interchangeably or even use of a single RRT standard based on all samples regardless of type of milk handling on the farm (can or bulk tanks).
MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR MILK FOR MANUFACTURING AND ITS PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING RECOMMENDED FOR ADOPTION BY STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES1
Authors: Fenton F. E. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Slightly more than 35 billion pounds of manufacturing grade milk was delivered to plants and dealers in 1965. This was about 31% of the volume of milk delivered. Manufactured dairy products continue to be an important segment of the dairy industry. However, the adoption by state regulatory agencies of recommended uniform minimum standards for milk for manufacturing purposes and its production and processing has been slow. Reasons are given for a joint effort by industry and state agencies to aggressively deal with the problem of variable quality of milk used in manufactured dairy products. The program suggests: (a) a realistic standard, (b) adequate and efficient enforcement, and (c) industry cooperation.
A SURVEY OF TEMPERATURES INVOLVED IN BOTTLING MILK IN PAPER CONTAINERS
Authors: Smith A. C. , Dowd L. R. , Parry R. M. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
The temperature of milk during bottling in half-pint knockdown and preformed paper containers at ten dairy plants ranged from 43 to 56 F with an average of 47 F. The effects of these temperatures on the shelf life of the product are discussed.
VENDING SANITATION AND SAFETY-A CURRENT REPORT1
Authors: Hartley David E. 
Published: December 2016

While the automatic vending of food and beverages—and non-food merchandise—has been a part of The American scene since the late 1880's, problems of public health and safety did not enter the picture until the end of World War II when the first hot beverage vending machine went on location.
In 1947, the vending industry and health officials first came together to discuss the development of uniform national standards for vending machines and vending operators. In 1957, after necessary research and preparation, The Public Health Service published The Vending of Food and Beverages—A Recommended Ordinance and Code. In the same year, the industry launched a full-time public health and safety program, guided by a nationally-constituted Health-Industry Council.
The progress in sanitation and safety made as a result of cooperative industry and agency efforts over the past 12 years is discussed in terms of vending legislation, internal and external training, machine standardization and testing, and research.
Concluding, a review of current problems in such matters as microwave safety, copper poisoning safeguards, temperature controls, icemaker design, and commissary layout is made, together with a “crystal ball” look at the future.
INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY'S ANSWER TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MANPOWER SHORTAGE1
Authors: Koren Herman 
Published: December 2016

Indiana State University is attempting to meet some of the unmet needs for competent environmental health manpower by: (a) encouraging participation in and assisting the national and local sanitarian associations, (b) promoting a program of studies in Environmental Health that prepares a Generalist in the field of Environmental Health (instead of a General Scientist who then needs considerable training by future employers), (c) preparing students to understand the broader health needs and other needs of society to show where Environmental Health fits into the picture, (d) actively recruiting students into the field, (e) working closely with existing competent health departments in providing necessary work experiences as part of the undergraduate program of studies, and (f) informing the public that the Sanitarian does not refer to “privy sniffer,” but rather to the Environmental Health practitioner who participates in community life and provides the services needed to prevent our environment from controlling us.
We urge other universities to heed Dr. Hilleboe's advice to reorganize their curricula to meet the diverse needs of our constantly changing society.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RESIDUAL INSECTICIDES1,2
Authors: Fisher Perry 
Published: December 2016

Pesticides have vastly improved life for the developed nations of the world. Some developing nations lose a tremendous amount of their limited food production between harvest and consumer. It has been estimated that almost one-half of India's food production is destroyed by pests after harvest. This is a tragic loss in a nation where starvation and malnutrition are man's constant companions. Modem chemicals and pest control methods could reduce this loss in a short time. Research has continued to provide new insecticides as fast as insects have developed resistance. Unfortunately many insects have been able to develop a cross resistance to some pesticides. In other words, instead of only being resistant to malathion, diazinon, and other organic phosphates, some insects have also exhibited resistance to carbamate materials. At present no one has the answer to this resistance problem, but many people are working on it and it is not inconceivable that a solution will be found. In spite of resistance, residue tolerances, and increasing governmental restrictions, pesticides are still necessary to maintain our standards of sanitation. As regulations increase, the cost of developing new pesticides increases and the number of new compounds reaching the commercial market decreases. This decrease has been quite apparent in the past few years. If the present trend continues, it is conceivable that one day the flow of new materials will be dangerously low. At that time new approaches to replace residuals and other pesticides will be vitally important.
The new chemicals, equipment, and techniques discussed will only be useful to the food industry if they are applied. Now is the time for all good sanitarians to come to the aid of their company and their country. Increasing costs, rising purity standards, and tightening regulations will tax the managerial and technical abilities of the food industry. Our sanitation programs must be constantly ahead of requirements. Food processors cannot complacently say, “we meet specifications,” because the “specifications” continually evolve toward purer food and more sanitary processing facilities.
GROWTH AND ACTIVITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS CREMORIS IN SKIMMILK FORTIFIED WITH SOME VOLATILE COMPOUNDS1
Authors: Kulshrestha D. C. , Marth E. H. 
Published: December 2016

Skimmilks were fortified with 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, and 100,000 ppm of the following milk-associated volatile compounds: acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, ethanethiol, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, chloroform, ether, acetonitrile, ethylene dichloride, and methylsulfide. They were then inoculated with Streptococcus cremoris, incubated at 22 C, and tested after 2, 5, 8, 11, and 16 hr of incubation for total numbers and titratable acid.
The aldehydes, at concentrations of 10 – 100 ppm and higher, markedly reduced both growth and acid production with the effects most pronounced at and beyond 11 hr of incubation. Ketones tested were less inhibitory than the aldehydes and, at the higher concentration, caused a more pronounced reduction in acid development than in growth. The thiols, especially at concentrations of 100 and 1000 ppm, markedly reduced growth but this was not reflected in a similar reduction of acid production. Chloroform and ether were more detrimental to acid formation than to growth, whereas ethylene dichloride caused marked inhibition when measured by either parameter. A slight reduction in growth but stimulation of acid production were caused by 10, 100, and 1000 ppm of acetonitrile and methylsulfide.
QUALITY AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DATING OF MILK1
Authors: Watrous G. H. , Glass E. D. , Butz W. T. , Johnstone W. F. , Pierce C. W. 
Published: December 2016

The age of milk available for purchase by consumers in dating markets is not significantly different than in coding markets. Moreover, dating regulations do not necessarily assure rapid movement of milk through marketing Channels.
Some means of age identification is desirable. To insure proper rotation of milk in the store, coding of packages will aid in rotation and expedite proper milk movement without implying that age is directly related to quality.
Organisms surviving pasteurization grow so slowly at 40 F or below that they play little or no part in milk spoilage.
Properly pasteurized milk, protected from contamination after pasteurization, may be expected to show no increase in bacterial levels for at least 20 days if the temperature is maintained at 40 F or below.
Psychrophilic organisms, commonly found in raw milk and often associated with pasteurized milk deterioration, are destroyed or inactivated by prescribed pasteurization procedures.
Research does not support the premise that there is a meaningful relationship between age of pasteurized milk and quality. A dating regulation which includes an expiration date may discriminate against the product by implying a deterioration of quality which actually is not occurring.
QUALITY AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DATING OF MILK1
Authors: Butz W. T. , Pierce C. W. , Johnstone W. F. , Glass E. D. , Watrous G. H. 
Published: December 2016

Stores located in markets in which dating of milk was required generally received more frequent delivery of milk than stores in non-dating markets. The greatest difference in frequency of delivery between dating and non-dating markets occurred among small stores (stores purchasing less than two cases per delivery). Small stores in dating markets received one more delivery per week than small stores non-dating markets.
Volume of unsold milk returned by stores was higher in dating than in non-dating markets. Elimination of milk dating could lead to more efficient, less costly systems of delivery to stores. Potential savings from elimination of milk dating currently range from 0.8 of a cent to 1.4 cents per quart, depending primarily upon the extent to which fluid milk processors have already adopted systems of less frequent delivery to small and medium stores.
INSULATED SERVER PACKS FOR TRANSPORTING FOOD FROM COMMISSARY TO THE TABLE
Authors: Mallmann W. L. 
Published: December 2016

The insulated food server pack makes possible the placing of 9 oz portions in single service plastic containers of both hot and cold foods in a compartmentalized food tray at the commissary. When foods have initial temperatures of 180 F or above for hot food and 32–35 F for cold food, the food after 3 hr storage will have temperatures of 140 F or above for hot foods and 45 F or below for cold food at time of service.
At 180 F, all disease-producing bacteria are destroyed in the foods and no contamination is possible during handling. The close seal between trays and compartments seals against dust contamination and heat transfer between compartments.