bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VP190 A Review Of Best Practices In Five Mental Disorders In Youth
Authors: Gheorghiu Ionela , Lesage Alain , Amor Leila Ben , Conrod Patricia , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Kackzorowski Janusz , Moga Carmen , Mombo Nina , Renaud Johanne , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Mongodin Adam 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:In order to support service planning of the youth program of the East of Montreal Health and Social Services Board, and potentially of the other twenty-five programs across the Quebec province, our hospital-based Health Technology Assessment (HTA) unit was asked to bring evidence of the effective interventions for five most common mental disorders in children and young populations, namely anxio-depressive disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, oppositional and conduct disorders, substance abuse disorders, and suicide attempts.METHODS:A review of reviews was conducted for the five disorders in young populations aged 6 to 25 years. This was based exclusively on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of a minimum two randomized-controlled trials. The review was completed with examples of Quebec's good practices in youth mental health gathered from personal research experience of clinical researchers involved in the project. The project involved collaboration with three other hospital units and provincial HTA agencies.RESULTS:No review supporting screening and early detection for the five disorders was identified. Prevention, however, was better covered in the literature, and a clear distinction was made between universal, targeted and indicated interventions. In general, targeted and indicated prevention interventions were effective in the case of anxio-depressive (1) and substance use disorders, while universal prevention strategies seemed to reduce suicide attempts and suicide ideation (2). Effective treatments also exist for these mental disorders. In general, psychotherapies dominated for anxio-depressive and substance use disorders; parental skills dominated in oppositional disorders, whilst pharmacological treatment dominated in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (3). Evidence was limited for suicide attempts. The overview of Quebec's good practices allowed identification of interventions or practices already in use in the province.CONCLUSIONS:The review summarized effective interventions for five most common mental disorders in young populations. It also permitted to identify several research gaps, and therefore research recommendations were formulated for the province's health research agency.
VP199 Limitations Of Studies On Oxygen Therapy In Acute Care Settings
Authors: Moga Carmen , Chojecki Dagmara 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:A high-level, rapid review (1) was conducted on oxygen therapy issues studied in the past 10 years in acute care settings. The main objective was to determine the appropriateness/inappropriateness of use, safety issues, and quality of care associated with oxygen prescription, administration, and monitoring. The results from this review were used to inform an upcoming provincial oxygen summit.METHODS:The Health Technology Assessment review (1) used a standardized rapid review approach: a comprehensive search of literature (published in English from 2005 to 2016), study selection using a priori developed criteria, and a qualitative synthesis of the results. Iterative interactions with the requester were necessary to clarify and refine the research questions, scope, and inclusion criteria.RESULTS:Twenty-four audit studies were reviewed, the majority published after 2011, in the United Kingdom, and also in single institutions. Twelve studies reported effects after implementing interventions for improvement of oxygen prescription. Many studies had caveats on design, data reporting, and outcomes, or they lacked an explanation of the methods of analysis. Studies conducted in rural settings, and on infants and children were unavailable. The reported issues with oxygen therapy included: a lack or an inconsistency of compliance with guidelines, local policies, and standards; inappropriate prescription and administration; variability in practice among healthcare providers; and suboptimal monitoring, including poor standards of medical chart documentation for patients receiving oxygen therapy, such as incomplete details on flow rate and oxygen concentration.CONCLUSIONS:Possibly due to the general tendency to publish research findings that have statistically significant results, relatively few publications were found in the literature search. The universal use of oxygen therapy and the enrolment of consecutive patients in some of the studies increase the applicability of the findings to other institutions. The rapid review provided a timely synthesis of the available, credible research for use by local stakeholders for further discussions and planning.
Slack: Adopting Social-Networking Platforms for Active Learning
Authors: Sabin Jerald , Olive Andrea 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Online learning in postsecondary institutions has increased dramatically across the United States and Canada. Although research demonstrates the benefits of online learning for student success, instructors face challenges in facilitating communication, delivering course content, and navigating outdated and cumbersome technologies. The authors examine the use of a free third-party platform called Slack as a tool to facilitate better communication among students and faculty, enable the delivery of diverse and dynamic course content, and reach students in an online course that supports both independent and collaborative learning. The authors present a case study of Slack’s use in an online second-year environmental politics course taught at a large Canadian public university. There is a significant and growing literature on how to best engage students in online learning, including active and social learning models as promising approaches to digital teaching. The authors argue that using collaborative social technologies such as Slack—which both replicates and integrates the online and social-media environments that students already inhabit—can assist faculty in meeting their pedagogical goals online. The article documents the instructors’ experience in managing discussion and involving students in their online learning through active learning exercises. Best practices are examined.
Identifying metabolic pathways for production of extracellular polymeric substances by the diatomFragilariopsis cylindrusinhabiting sea ice
Authors: Aslam Shazia N , Strauss Jan , Thomas David N , Mock Thomas , Underwood Graham J C 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDiatoms are significant primary producers in sea ice, an ephemeral habitat with steep vertical gradients of temperature and salinity characterizing the ice matrix environment. To cope with the variable and challenging conditions, sea ice diatoms produce polysaccharide-rich extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that play important roles in adhesion, cell protection, ligand binding and as organic carbon sources. Significant differences in EPS concentrations and chemical composition corresponding to temperature and salinity gradients were present in sea ice from the Weddell Sea and Eastern Antarctic regions of the Southern Ocean. To reconstruct the first metabolic pathway for EPS production in diatoms, we exposed Fragilariopsis cylindrus, a key bi-polar diatom species, to simulated sea ice formation. Transcriptome profiling under varying conditions of EPS production identified a significant number of genes and divergent alleles. Their complex differential expression patterns under simulated sea ice formation was aligned with physiological and biochemical properties of the cells, and with field measurements of sea ice EPS characteristics. Thus, the molecular complexity of the EPS pathway suggests metabolic plasticity in F. cylindrus is required to cope with the challenging conditions of the highly variable and extreme sea ice habitat.
Programmed cell death can increase the efficacy of microbial bet hedging
Authors: Libby Eric , Driscoll William W. , Ratcliff William C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) occurs in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. While PCD plays a key role in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, explaining why single-celled organisms would evolve to actively commit suicide has been far more challenging. Here, we explore the potential for PCD to act as an accessory to microbial bet-hedging strategies that utilize stochastic phenotype switching. We consider organisms that face unpredictable and recurring disasters, in which fitness depends on effective phenotypic diversification. We show that when reproductive opportunities are limited by carrying capacity, PCD drives population turnover, providing increased opportunities for phenotypic diversification through stochastic phenotype switching. The main cost of PCD, providing resources for growth to a PCD(−) competitor, is ameliorated by genetic assortment in spatially structured populations. Using agent -based simulations, we explore how basic demographic factors, namely bottlenecks and local dispersal, can generate sufficient spatial structure to favor the evolution of high PCD rates.
Serum ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Potential Influence Factors in Elderly Patients with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Xie Xiaochuan , Liu Meilin , Zhang Jingwei , Liang Wenyi , Chen Xiahuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent clinical trials failed to demonstrate that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplement reduced cardiovascular events, which contradicted previous evidence. However, serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations of participants remained unclear in those studies. We aimed to investigate the definite relationship between serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs and coronary artery disease (CAD), and to explore the potential influence factors of ω-3 PUFAs. We selected Chinese in-patients (n = 460) with multiple cardiovascular risk factors or an established diagnosis of CAD. Serum ω-3 PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs in CAD patients were lower than that in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, high serum DHA concentration was an independent protective factor of CAD after adjustment for confounding factors (OR: 0.52, p = 0.014). Alcohol intake (p = 0.036) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage (p = 0.027) were associated with a decreased serum ω-3 PUFA concentration. We conclude that serum concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs may associate with a decreased CAD proportion, and DHA may serve as a protective factor of CAD. Serum ω-3 PUFA concentrations may be reduced by alcohol intake and certain drugs like PPIs.
On the Angular Distribution of the H+Li2 Cross Sections: a Converged Time-Independent Quantum Scattering Study
Authors: Vila Henrique Vieira Rivera , Ribeiro Luiz Antônio , Macedo Luiz Guilherme Machado de , Gargano Ricardo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA thorough time-independent quantum scattering study is performed on a benchmark potential energy surface for the H+Li2reaction at the fundamental electronic state. Integral and differential cross sections are calculated along with thermal rate coefficients until convergence is reached. Our findings show that vibrational and rotational excitations of the reactant hinder reactivity, though for the latter a considerable reaction promotion was spotted as we increase the reactant rotational quantum number until the critical value ofj = 4. Such a promotion then begins to retract, eventually becoming an actual inhibition for largerj. In a straightforward manner, the concept of time-independent methods implemented in this study allowed this accurate state-to-state analysis. Furthermore, a nearly isotropic behaviour of the scattering is noted to take place from the angular point of view. Remarkably, our computational protocol is ideally suited to yield converged thermal rate coefficients, revealing a non-Arrhenius pattern and showing that J-shifting approach fails to describe this particular reaction. Our results, when compared to previous and independent ones, reinforce the latest theoretical reference for future validation in the experimental field.
Three Dimensional Evaluation of Posterior Pole and Optic Nerve Head in Tilted Disc
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Moon Ji-Sun , Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Park Chan Kee 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor over a century, tilted disc syndrome (TDS) has been defined vaguely. The lack of consensus of the terminology arises from the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. Also, myopic discs with temporal crescents or peripapillary atrophy (PPA) are histologically indistinguishable from TDS. Therefore, we examined the morphological background of the extreme ONH appearances such as the myopic tilted disc and the TDS by analyzing the posterior segment of the eye from a three-dimensional (3D) perspective. 107 eyes of 107 subjects were classified into 3 groups with respect to the optic disc torsion degrees: (1) mild torsion (0–30 degrees; 35 eyes) and (2) moderate torsion (30–60 degrees; 35 eyes) and (3) severe torsion (60–90 degrees; 37 eyes). SSOCT images were analyzed in coronal view, which supplements anterior-posterior depth (z axis in Cartesian coordinates). The amount of optic disc torsion was significantly correlated with Disc-DPE angle and Fovea-Disc depth (r = 0.548, P < 0.001 and r = 0.544, P < 0.001). In conclusion, we describe specific types of posterior sclera configuration that corresponds to the increasing degree of optic disc torsion, even in the extreme ONH appearances such as the myopic tilted disc and the TDS. These findings suggest that the optic disc appearance is determined by the configuration of the posterior sclera.
Overexpression of adhesion molecules and barrier molecules is associated with differential infiltration of immune cells in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Choi Wooyoung M. , Bae William H. , Anker Jonathan , Davis Andrew A. , Agte Sarita , Iams Wade T. , Cruz Marcelo , Matsangou Maria , Giles Francis J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImmunotherapy is emerging as a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Various endothelial adhesion molecules, such as integrin and selectin, as well as various cellular barrier molecules such as desmosome and tight junctions, regulate T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. However, little is known regarding how these molecules affect immune cells in patients with lung cancer. We demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecules and cellular barrier molecule genes was linked to differential infiltration of particular immune cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecule genes is associated with significantly lower infiltration of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells, but higher infiltration of activated B-cells and regulatory T-cells. In contrast, overexpression of desmosome genes was correlated with significantly higher infiltration of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells, but lower infiltration of activated B-cells and regulatory T-cells in lung adenocarcinoma. This inverse relation of immune cells aligns with previous studies of tumor-infiltrating B-cells inhibiting T-cell activation. Although overexpression of endothelial adhesion molecule or cellular barrier molecule genes alone was not predictive of overall survival in our sample, these genetic signatures may serve as biomarkers of immune exclusion, or resistance to T-cell mediated immunotherapy.
The potential impact of invasive woody oil plants on protected areas in China under future climate conditions
Authors: Dai Guanghui , Yang Jun , Lu Siran , Huang Conghong , Jin Jing , Jiang Peng , Yan Pengbo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiodiesel produced from woody oil plants is considered a green substitute for fossil fuels. However, a potential negative impact of growing woody oil plants on a large scale is the introduction of highly invasive species into susceptible regions. In this study, we examined the potential invasion risk of woody oil plants in China’s protected areas under future climate conditions. We simulated the current and future potential distributions of three invasive woody oil plants,Jatropha curcas,Ricinus communis, andAleurites moluccana, under two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) up to 2050 using species distribution models. Protected areas in China that will become susceptible to these species were then identified using a spatial overlay analysis. Our results showed that by 2050, 26 and 41 protected areas would be threatened by these invasive woody oil plants under scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively. A total of 10 unique forest ecosystems and 17 rare plant species could be potentially affected. We recommend that the invasive potential of woody oil plants be fully accounted for when developing forest-based biodiesel, especially around protected areas.
Enhanced anastomotic healing by Daikenchuto (TJ-100) in rats
Authors: Wada Toshiaki , Kawada Kenji , Hirai Kenjiro , Toda Kosuke , Iwamoto Masayoshi , Hasegawa Suguru , Sakai Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDaikenchuto (DKT), a traditional Japanese medicine, is widely used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether DKT could promote the anastomotic healing in a rat model. Pedicled colonic segments were made in left colon by ligation of the feeding arteries, and then intestinal continuity was restored. Colonic blood flow was analyzed by using ICG fluorescence imaging: Fmax, Tmax, T1/2, and Slope were calculated. Anastomotic leakage (AL) was found in 6 of 19 rats (31.6%) in the control group, whereas in 1 of 16 rats (6.2%) in the DKT group. The Fmax and Slope of DKT group were significantly higher than those of control group. DKT could promote the anastomotic healing, with the higher bursting pressure on postoperative day (POD) 2 and 5, the larger granulation thickness on POD 5, and neoangiogenesis on POD 5. Histological examination showed DKT exhibited a decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced fibroblast infiltration, and enhanced collagen density on POD 5. In the DKT group, the levels of TGFβ1 on POD 2 and VEGFα on POD5 were significantly higher, whereas the level of TNFα on POD 2 was significantly lower. Therefore, DKT could be effective for the prevention of AL following colorectal surgery.
Multi‐object control of an isolated DC–DC modular multilevel converter
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhao Shanshan , Li Zuoyu , Kang Yong 
Published: January 2018

Two medium voltage direct current (MVDC) grids can be connected via an isolated DC–DC modular multilevel converter (DC–DC MMC) to enhance the power transmission and supporting abilities. DC power, DC terminal currents, arm energy balancing and active/reactive power through inner AC link need to be controlled in such a DC–DC MMC, and the submodule and grid fault situations should also be addressed. Therefore, a multi‐object controller is inherently required. This study thus proposes a multi‐object control frame that can realise not only DC power regulation but also inner dynamic control, reactive power optimisation and fault riding through. To facilitate the controller design, a detailed dynamic model of DC–DC MMC is also derived, and such a model is turned into different forms according to different control objects. The proposed control method and the main design considerations are given in a detailed mathematical way. A full‐scale simulation system containing a 6 MW DC–DC MMC, a 20 kV MVDC grid, a 10 kV MVDC grid, and several sources and loads is built to verify the control compatibility, and a down‐scale low‐power prototype is also built to test the control performance.
Stellar mass spectrum within massive collapsing clumps
Authors: Lee Yueh-Ning , Hennebelle Patrick 
Published: January 2018

Context. Stars constitute the building blocks of our Universe, and their formation is an astrophysical problem of great importance.Aim. We aim to understand the fragmentation of massive molecular star-forming clumps and the effect of initial conditions, namely the density and the level of turbulence, on the resulting distribution of stars. For this purpose, we conduct numerical experiments in which we systematically vary the initial density over four orders of magnitude and the turbulent velocity over a factor ten. In a companion paper, we investigate the dependence of this distribution on the gas thermodynamics.Methods. We performed a series of hydrodynamical numerical simulations using adaptive mesh refinement, with special attention to numerical convergence. We also adapted an existing analytical model to the case of collapsing clouds by employing a density probability distribution function (PDF) ∝ρ−1.5 instead of a lognormal distribution.Results. Simulations and analytical model both show two support regimes, a thermally dominated regime and a turbulence-dominated regime. For the first regime, we infer that dN∕d logM ∝ M0, while for the second regime, we obtain dN∕d logM ∝ M−3∕4. This is valid up to about ten times the mass of the first Larson core, as explained in the companion paper, leading to a peak of the mass spectrum at ~0.2 M⊙. From this point, the mass spectrum decreases with decreasing mass except for the most diffuse clouds, where disk fragmentation leads to the formation of objects down to the mass of the first Larson core, that is, to a few 10−2 M⊙.Conclusions. Although the mass spectra we obtain for the most compact clouds qualitatively resemble the observed initial mass function, the distribution exponent is shallower than the expected Salpeter exponent of − 1.35. Nonetheless, we observe a possible transition toward a slightly steeper value that is broadly compatible with the Salpeter exponent for masses above a few solar masses. This change in behavior is associated with the change in density PDF, which switches from a power-law to a lognormal distribution. Our results suggest that while gravitationally induced fragmentation could play an important role for low masses, it is likely the turbulently induced fragmentation that leads to the Salpeter exponent.
ALMA observations of molecular absorption in four directions toward the Galactic bulge
Authors: Liszt H. , Gerin M. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Alma Cycle 3 observations serendipitously showed strong absorption from diffuse molecular gas in the Galactic bulge at − 200 km s−1 < v < −140 km s−1 toward the compact extragalactic continuum source J1744-3116 at (l, b) = −2.13°, − 1.00°. Aims. We aimed to test whether molecular gas in the bulge could also be detected toward the three other, sufficiently strong mm-wave continuum sources seen toward the bulge at |b| < 3°.
Methods. We took absorption profiles of HCO+ (1−0), HCN(1−0), C2H (1−0), CS(2−1) and H13CO+ (1−0) in ALMA Cycle 4 toward J1713-3418, J1717-3341, J1733-3722 and J1744-3116.
Results. Strong molecular absorption from disk gas at |v|≲30 km s−1 was detected in all directions, and absorption from the 3 kpc arm was newly detected toward J1717 and J1744. However, only the sightline toward J1744 is dominated by molecular gas overall and no other sightlines showed molecular absorption from gas deep inside the bulge. No molecular absorption was detected toward J1717 where H I emission from the bulge was previously known. As observed in HCO+, HCN, C2H and CS, the bulge gas toward J1744 at v < −135 km s−1 has chemistry and kinematics like that seen near the Sun and in the Milky Way disk generally. We measured isotopologic ratios N(HCO+)/N(H13CO+) > 51 (3σ) for the bulge gas toward J1744 and 58 ± 9 and 64 ± 4 for the disk gas toward J1717 and J1744, respectively, all well above the value of 20−25 typical of the central molecular zone.
Conclusions. The kinematics and chemistry of the bulge gas observed toward J1744 more nearly resemble that of gas in the Milky Way disk than in the central molecular zone.