bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Zappe-interferometer style superconducting switch for time-division multiplexed readout of transition edge sensor array
Authors: Li Taiyu , Xu Yuanxing , Wang Chaoqun , Tang Lihong , Zhang Huanqian , Xie Hangxing , Ying Liliang , You Lixing , Gao Bo , Wang Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Time-division multiplexing constitutes a pivotal readout technique for arrays of transition edge sensors (TES). At the heart of constructing the multiplexing unit (Mux unit) lies a flux-actuated superconducting switch. The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is ideally suited for this role due to its compatibility with the fabrication processes of the SQUID current amplifier, which is employed to read the TES signal. This compatibility facilitates the integration of the switches with the SQUID amplifiers on a single chip. Nevertheless, the critical current of a switch based on a conventional DC-SQUID exhibits abrupt changes with the control flux near the local minimum of the threshold curve, which is the typical operating point of the SQUID amplifier. Such abrupt changes compromise the stability of the SQUID amplifier’s operational point. To mitigate this issue, a Zappe interferometer-style switch design has been adopted, providing a threshold curve with a more pronounced flat region. In this work, we present the design and characterization of Zappe-style switches and demonstrate the operational efficacy of the Mux unit.
Design and implementation of dynamic s-boxes based on non-degenerate discrete chaotic systems
Authors: Xi Jiale , Fan Chunlei , Yu Guofeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, digital chaotic systems have received considerable attention in the field of secure communications. However, during the digitalization of the system, the original properties of the chaotic system may change, resulting in the degradation of the dynamics. To address this problem, this paper designs a novel simplicial non-degenerate discrete chaotic system based on the inverse hyperbolic tangent function, and selects a three-dimensional discrete system as the object of analysis. Through the research conducted, it is found that the chaotic system exhibits high Lyapunov exponents under certain conditions. Furthermore, the excellent randomness of the system has been further validated by NIST SP800–22 tests. At the same time, this paper also proposes a dynamic S-box construction method based on the chaotic sequence generated from the three-dimensional chaotic mapping. By performing a series of basic operations and permutation treatment, many dynamic S-boxes can be generated. This paper comprehensively analyses the performance of S-boxes from two perspectives: single S-boxes and multiple S-boxes. The analysis covers issues such as bijective property, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, differential approximation probability and bit independence criteria. The results of the performance analysis show that the dynamically generated S-boxes have excellent cryptographic properties, making them suitable for the design and application of cryptographic algorithms.
Effects of chemical etching on surface structure and tribological behavior of silicate substrates
Authors: Lee Sung-Jun , Segu Dawit Zenebe , Kim Chang-Lae 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of chemical etching on the surface structure and tribological behavior of silicate substrates. Silicate surfaces were etched using a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) for durations ranging from 1 to 60 min. The etched surfaces were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry, water contact angle measurements, and UV–vis spectroscopy to evaluate the changes in surface morphology, roughness, wettability, and optical properties. Tribological performance was assessed using reciprocating ball-on-plate friction tests. The results showed that increasing the etching time resulted in the formation of microscale surface features, increased surface roughness, enhanced hydrophilicity, and reduced optical transmittance. The average friction coefficient decreased with an increase in the etching time up to 30 min, beyond which a slight increase was observed. The 1-minute etched specimen exhibited the best wear resistance with the narrowest wear track and the least material removal. The improved tribological performance was attributed to the formation of a stable transfer film, reduced real contact area, and entrapment of wear debris. This study highlights the potential of chemical etching as a technique to tailor the surface structure and tribological properties of silicate materials for various applications.
Low-profile robust circularly polarized textile patch antenna for WBAN and ISM applications
Authors: Mulaparti Meena Kumari , Kumari U V Ratna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this research, a conformal circularly polarized (CP) antenna has been developed employing polyester textile as its substrate material. The proposed antenna configuration demonstrates its efficacy across multiple frequency bands—specifically 3 GHz and 4.5 GHz of WBAN and 5.8 GHz of ISM radio bands. The antenna’s distinctive design is developed on a rectangular plane as its primary radiating component, with a ground structure ingeniously arranged counter-positioning to the antenna’s patch. Electrical conductivity was widely achieved by employing adhesive copper and silver tape, conductive fabric, stitching conductive threads and copper paint, conventionally applied through brush painting techniques. The copper paint fabrication methodology has been chosen for its ability to confer conformability upon the antenna while minimizing its dimensions, ensuring lightweight attributes, and endowing it with remarkable resilience to environmental factors while preserving its optimal radiating performance. The CP polyester antenna showcases noteworthy peak gains: 3.91 dBi at 3 GHz, 5.86 dBi at 4.5 GHz and 6.62 dBi at 5.8 GHz (ISM). These gains highlight the antenna’s ability to efficiently capture and transmit signals within the aforementioned frequency bands, affirming its potential for robust wireless communication.
Non-uniform phase distribution of a tightly focused elliptically polarized vortex beam
Authors: Qasim Muhammad Javed , Liu Yu , Tao Shaohua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tight focusing of elliptically polarized vortex beams has been previously studied for optical manipulation, optical information encoding, and so on. Still, there is a lack of research on the status of the phase distribution on the focal plane. In this study, we found that the phase distribution of a tightly focused elliptically polarized vortex beam is non-uniform, i.e., the phase distribution exhibits flatter and steeper regions due to the elliptical polarization of the input vortex beam. It is mentioned that the phase non-uniformity was related to the ellipticity of the polarization of the incident beam. Furthermore, we analyzed the intensity and phase distribution of a tightly focused elliptically polarized vortex beam. We found that the spin angular momentum was converted to the orbital angular momentum because the topological charge of the output beam was greater than that of the input beam. The non-uniform phase distribution of a tightly focused elliptically polarized vortex beam enables control over light–matter interaction, leading to advancements in optical tweezers, quantum information processing, and super-resolution microscopy.
Non-linear optical properties of hybrid materials of (OLi3) superalkali doped perylene diimide (PDI) derivative: comprehensively study via silico-technique
Authors: Ayub Ali Raza , Zeshan Muhammad , Salba  , Dad Muhammad Umar , Li Hui , Iqbal Javed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
PDI-Imidazole and PDI-Imidazole combined with OLi3 (OLi3@PDI-Imidazole) were the two types of materials that we examined in this study to see how light behaved in each of the complex. To explore this, we employed the three different method such as rB3LYP/6–31G(d, p) DFT, CAM-B3LYP and WB97XD. The impact of PDI-Imidazole and OLi3@PDI-Imidazole geometries, maximum absorption (

λ

max

), FMO, vertical ionization energies (

E

V
I

), Binding Energies (

E

b

), Hyperpolarizabilities, DOS, Dipole Moments (μ), ESP, EDDM, and Global Reactivity parameters have been examined. The type of contacts as well as the vibrational frequencies of PDI-Imidazole and OLi3@PDI-Imidazole were investigated using NCl, iso-surface, Raman spectroscopy, and IR research. The electron transport characteristics of the OLi3@PDI-Imidazole surface was significantly enhanced in comparison to the PDI-Imidazole surface by lowering the bandgap energies from 1.27 eV to 1.03 eV. In contrast to the pure PDI-Imidazole surface, which had lower values for linear polarizability (

α

0

) (547.08 au) and first hyperpolarizability (

β

0

)(201.133au), OLi3@PDI-Imidazole surface displayed significant enhancements in linear polarizability (

α

0

= 706.472 au) and first hyperpolarizability (

β

0

= 21314.360 au). It was observed by TD-DFT calculations that all the compounds had appreciable improvements in their interaction energies, HOMO–LUMO and UV–vis absorption and vertical ionization potential. Future development of nonlinear optical (NLO) devices has been discovered to benefit from the addition of OLi3 to the PDI-Imidazole surface.
On the study of analytical soliton solutions and interaction aspects to the Estevez-Mansfield-Clarkson equation arising in diversity of fields
Authors: Muhammad Jan , Nasreen Naila , Hussain Ejaz , Younas Usman , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The beta fractional form of the Estevez-Mansfield-Clarkson equation is under consideration and this study is done with the assistance of methods such as modified F-expansion method and the logarithmic transformation. A variety of analytical solutions like bright, dark, mixed, singular, bright-dark, and combined solitons are extracted. Moreover, multi waves structures, interaction with double exponential form, breather waves, mixed type solutions as well as periodic cross kink solutions have been analyzed. The governing equation is converted into an ordinary differential equation by employing an appropriate wave transformation with the β-derivative in order to achieve the desired solutions. The applied approaches have substantial computational capability, enabling them to efficiently address exact solutions with high accuracy in these systems. The results indicate that the equation under investigation theoretically contains a substantial number of soliton solution structures. Additionally, in order to examine the behaviors of the solutions at various parameter values, we plot a variety of graphs that incorporate pertinent parameters. The results of this study have the potential to improve understanding of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics displayed by the specified system and to confirm the effectiveness of the techniques that have been implemented.
Investigation on effects of nano-reinforcement on the mechanical properties, fatigue, and microstructural analysis of dissimilar AA6061- Mg AZ31B weld joints
Authors: Gurijala Chakravarthi , Rajendran Ramadoss , Giridharan Krishnan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Weld joints have been subject to substantial improvement in mechanical durability and wear resistance in recent years. This research work challenge can be answered by incorporating nano-materials into the weld zone. Mechanical and metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded (FSW) butt joints made of AA6061 aluminum and Mg AZ31B alloys have been examined in this work, both with and without the use of naturally derived biochar nanoparticles. The biochar particle was extracted from rice husk. Throughout the whole weld joint manufacturing process, a tool with a rotational speed of 1400 rpm, a welding speed of 40 mm min−1, and a tapered pin profiled tool were employed. During the joint fabrication process, the constant axial load of 7 kN, plunge depth of 0.2 mm, and constant dwell time of 0.3 s were also maintained. In order to improve the mechanical attributes of the weld joints, different wt% of biochar such as 1%, 2%, and 3%, were applied at the interface region of the weld joints. The experimental results revealed that the percentage of reinforced nano-materials plays a significant effect in improving the weld joint qualities. The testing results of reinforced friction stir-welded joint qualities were compared to those of simple friction stir welded joints made without and with adding the nanoparticles. The best results were obtained when 2 wt% of biochar particles was added to the weld interface region. The presence of biochar nano-particles, in addition to their contribution to increased grain refinement in the weld nugget region, was also seen in the region. It was discovered that the event distribution of particles at the nugget zone significantly enhanced the mechanical and wear resistance qualities of the weld joints that were manufactured. The optical microscope was used to analyze the microstructures in the weld nugget region, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to examine the fracture analysis of the tensile samples. The presence of 2 wt% biochar particles in the weld nugget region resulted in a considerable increase in the mechanical characteristics of the weld connections. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength of the weld nugget results 197 MPa, 173 HV, 163 MPa. Overall, when compared to the qualities of the base material and plain weld joints. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of the weld joints have improved significantly. When biochar particles were used as reinforcement particles during the fabrication phase of the joint, a mechanism for pinning was observed in the weld microstructure.
Thermal wash-in leptogenesis via heavy Higgs decay
Authors: Mukaida Kyohei , Watanabe Hidenaga , Yamada Masaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a conceptually simple model to generate asymmetries that are not directly related to baryon nor lepton charges. The model employs a three-Higgs doublet framework, wherein the other two Higgs fields are significantly heavier than the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field. The decay of these heavier Higgs fields generates asymmetry for approximately conserved charges in the Standard Model at a high temperature. These asymmetries will be converted into baryon/lepton asymmetry through B-L violating interactions associated with right-handed neutrinos via the wash-in mechanism.
Frequency shift of light in Kerr spacetime
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Yang Bo , He Guansheng , Lin Wenbin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The frequency shift of light in the gravitational field generated by a rotating body is investigated. We consider the scenario in which both the light source and the observer are in motion. The frequency shift is calculated up to the second-order post-Minkowskian approximation via two different methods and the same result is achieved. The higher-order effects of the gravitational source's rotation on the frequency shift is obtained. Especially, when both the light source and the observer are located in the asymptotically flat region, an elegant formula is obtained, which can be easily used in the astronomical observations to determine the rotating gravitational source's mass and angular momentum.
Reconciling cosmological tensions with inelastic dark matter and dark radiation in a U(1)Dframework
Authors: Cho Wonsub , Choi Ki-Young , Mahapatra Satyabrata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe propose a novel and comprehensive particle physics framework that addresses multiple cosmological tensions observed in recent measurements of the Hubble parameter,S8, and Lyman-αforest data. Our model, termed `SIDR+zt' (Self Interacting Dark Radiation with transition redshift), is based on an inelastic dark matter (IDM) scenario coupled with dark radiation, governed by a U(1)Dgauge symmetry. This framework naturally incorporates cold dark matter (DM), strongly interacting dark radiation (SIDR), and the interactions between these components. The fluid-like behavior of the dark radiation component which originates from the self-quartic coupling of the U(1)Dbreaking scalar can suppress the free-streaming effects. Simultaneously, the interacting DM-DR system can attenuate the matter power spectrum at small scales. The inelastic nature of DM provides a distinct temperature dependence for the DM-DR interaction rate determined by the mass-splitting between the inelastic dark fermions which is crucial for resolving the Ly-αdiscrepancies. We present a cosmologically consistent analysis of the model by solving the relevant Boltzmann equations to obtain the energy density and number density evolution of different species of the model. The DR undergoes two “steps” of increased energy density when the heavier dark species freeze out and become non-relativistic, transferring their entropy to the dark radiation and enhancing ΔNeff. The analysis showcases the model's potential to uphold the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) prediction of ΔNeffbut dominantly producing additional contributions prior to recombination, while simultaneously achieving correct relic density of DM though an hybrid of freeze-in and non-thermal production.
Constraining bosonic dark matter-baryon interactions from neutron star collapse
Authors: Lu Chih-Ting , Mishra Arvind Kumar , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dark matter (DM) may be captured around a neutron star (NS) through DM-nucleon interactions. We observe that the enhancement of such capturing is particularly significant when DM-nucleon scattering cross-section depends on the relative velocity and/or momentum transfer. This increment could potentially lead to the formation of a black hole within the typical lifetime of the NS. As the black hole grows through the accretion of matter from the NS, it ultimately results in the collapse of the host. Utilizing the existing pulsar data J0437-4715 and J2124-3858, we derive the stringent constraints on the DM-nucleon scattering cross-section across a broad range of DM masses.
Correspondence between grey-body factors and quasinormal modes
Authors: Konoplya R.A. , Zhidenko A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuasinormal modes and grey-body factors are spectral characteristics corresponding to different boundary conditions: the former imply purely outgoing waves to the event horizon and infinity, while the latter allow for an incoming wave from the horizon, thus describing a scattering problem. Nevertheless, we show that there is a link between these two characteristics. We establish an approximate correspondence between the quasinormal modes and grey-body factors, which becomes exact in the high-frequency (eikonal) regime. We show that, in the eikonal regime, the grey-body factors of spherically symmetric black holes can be remarkably simply expressed via the fundamental quasinormal mode, while at smallerℓ, the correction terms include values of the overtones. This might be interesting in the context of the recently observed connection between grey-body factors and the amplitudes of gravitational waves from black holes. The correspondence might explain why grey-body factors are more stable, i.e. less sensitive, than higher overtones to small deformation of the effective potential.
In-line fiber optic optofluidic sensor based on a fully open Fabry-Perot interferometer
Authors: Duan Dewen , Kang Qian , Yang Qianhui , Zhao Zihao , Li Na , Du Guan-Xiang , Xie Yi-Yuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present an all-fiber, fully open Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) cavity that is suitable for fluidic measurement applications. Fabrication of the FPI involves the alignment and bonding of three optical fiber sections using either ceramic glue or low-temperature melting glass. The fabrication procedure allows the protection of the cleaved optical fiber end faces, which serve as the two mirrors of the FPI, from damage, thus ensuring the high visibility of the FPI sensor. The FPI’s complete openness permits the analyte of interest fluids to flow smoothly into the cavity and interact directly with the light, obviating the need for additional assistance. The fabrication experiment demonstrates that the fabrication procedure can readily achieve a visibility of over 20 dB. Refractive index testing indicates that the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of over 1116 nm/RIU within the range of 1.334–1.375. A comparison of temperature investigations indicates that the fully open cavity FPI fabricated by bonding with low-temperature melting glass exhibits relatively lower temperature immunity than that bonded with ceramic glue. Both have a relatively low temperature fluctuation within the temperature range of 40 °C–100 °C, with less than 3 nm and 4.5 nm in the over 60 °C changes, respectively. Our proposed fully open FPI is an economical, robust, and simple-to-fabricate structure with the potential for mass production. This renders it an appealing option for practical optofluidics applications.
A fractional-order chaotic Lorenz-based chemical system: Dynamic investigation, complexity analysis, chaos synchronization, and its application to secure communication
Authors: Nabil Haneche , Tayeb Hamaizia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems is receiving significant attention in the literature due to its applications in a variety of fields, including cryptography, optics, and secure communications. In this paper, a three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic Lorenz model of chemical reactions is discussed. Some basic dynamical properties, such as stability of equilibria, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré map, and sensitivity to initial conditions, are studied. By adopting the Adomian decomposition algorithm (ADM), the numerical solution of the fractional-order system is obtained. It is found that the lowest derivative order in which the proposed system exhibits chaos is q = 0.694 by applying ADM. The result has been validated by the existence of one positive Lyapunov exponent and by employing some phase diagrams. In addition, the richer dynamics of the system are confirmed by using powerful tools in nonlinear dynamic analysis, such as the 0–1 test and C
0 complexity. Moreover, modified projective synchronization has been implemented based on the stability theory of fractional-order systems. This paper presents the application of the modified projective synchronization in secure communication, where the information signal can be transmitted and recovered successfully through the channel. MATLAB simulations are provided to show the validity of the constructed secure communication scheme.