bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of physiotherapy intervention on functional outcomes among COVID‐19 patients: Clinical experimental study
Authors: Abufara Athar , Amro Akram , Ahmad Muntaser S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a highly contagious virus that causes pneumonia, which quickly progresses to acute respiratory distress. In the case of COVID‐19, physiotherapy is critical in non‐invasive support management, postural changes, chest physiotherapy (CPT), and bed mobility. This study aims to look into the effects of physiotherapy intervention on functional outcome levels in COVID‐19 patients in the acute stage.MethodsA total of 60 severe COVID‐19 patients (54 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 50 years were studied. The intervention group (n = 30) had two daily physiotherapy sessions that included positioning, CPT, cardio exercises, breathing exercises, and early mobility, whereas the control group (n = 30) received only standard medical care. Patients were tested twice at the baseline and discharge using peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate (RR) test, dyspnea rate, two‐min walk test, and spirometer scores, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).ResultsThe two groups improved significantly between the baseline and discharge ratings. The intervention group, on the other hand, significantly improved all outcome indicators at discharge (p‐value = 0.00). This study found that physiotherapy management improved oxygen saturation, RR, dyspnea, and lung function tests in COVID‐19 patients except in FVC (p‐value = 0.402) and FEV1(p‐value = 0.114).ConclusionPhysiotherapist interventions with COVID‐19 patients increase respiratory function and treatment time.
The lived housing experience of the urban poor in Chengdu: Four distinct periods in the urban housing career
Authors: Yu Li , Xu Wei , MacLachlan Ian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent research on the housing careers of urban low‐income groups, dominated by quantitative modelling, has discussed the housing predicament faced by the urban poor at length. While much is known about the factors influencing their housing careers, these studies have failed to provide a satisfactory understanding of the intricacy and depth of human struggles those vulnerable groups experienced in the urban housing market. This contributes a four‐period model, through a dialogue with the established life cycle/life course theories, to the reconceptualization of housing career of the urban poor and depicts a vivid and continuous housing trajectory by analysing their lived experiences at each period. This paper finds that, in a highly constrained and segregated housing market, the housing problems experienced by low‐income earners and their coping strategies are far more complex and variegated than traditional life cycle/course theory would predict. Factors at individual, household, community and even national levels are often interwoven and, more importantly, the combinations of these influences are constantly changing, sometimes repeating along their housing career forming a nuanced dynamism that has been largely overlooked by existing research.
Classification of Single‐Photon Emitters in Confocal Fluorescence Microscope Images by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Dongbeom , Paik Seoyoung , Park Jeongeun , Hwang Seung‐Jae , Onoda Shinobu , Ohshima Takeshi , Kim Dong‐Hee , Lee Sang‐Yun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving field of quantum information technology, the accurate and efficient classification of single‐photon emitters is paramount. Traditional methods, which rely on conducting time‐intensive Hanbury Brown‐Twiss (HBT) experiments to acquire the 2nd‐order correlation function of photon statistics, are not efficient. This study presents a pioneering solution that employs Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify single‐photon emitters in confocal fluorescence microscope images, thereby bypassing the need for laborious HBT experiments. Focusing on the nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, the model is trained using fluorescence images of emitters that have been previously classified through HBT experiments. Applied to unclassified fluorescence images, the model achieves up to 98% accuracy in classification, substantially accelerating the identification process. This advancement not only makes the classification workflow more efficient but also promises wider applicability across various color centers and isolated atomic systems that necessitate imaging for isolation verification. This research signifies a substantial advancement in the application of quantum technologies, leveraging the power of deep learning to optimize the utilization of single‐photon emitters.
Donor–Acceptor Recombination Emission in Hydrogen‐Terminated Nanodiamond
Authors: Pasternak Dmitrii G. , Romshin Alexey M. , Bagramov Rustem H. , Galimov Aidar I. , Toropov Alexey A. , Kalashnikov Dmitry A. , Leong Victor , Satanin Arkady M. , Kudryavtsev Oleg S. , Gritsienko Alexander V. , Chernev Andrey L. , Filonenko Vladimir P. , Vlasov Igor I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFluorescence spectra of nanodiamonds synthesized at high pressure from adamantane and other organic compounds show narrow (≈1 nm) lines of unknown origin over the spectroscopic range from ≈500 to 800 nm. The study proposes and experimentally confirms the hypothesis that these lines are related to radiative recombination of donor–acceptor pairs (DAP). According to the experimental data, these pairs can be formed from donor‐like substitutional nitrogen present in the diamond lattice and 2D acceptor layer resulting from the effect of transfer doping on the nanodiamond surface. A peculiar behavior of the narrow lines is identified within the temperature range of 100–10 K: their energy position slightly shifts downward, and the majority of the lines divide into two or more components as the temperature decreases. The lines are shown to be predominantly associated with single photon emitters, with an emission rate exceeding 1 million counts s−1 at room temperature. A new narrowband source of room‐temperature fluorescence found in hydrogen‐terminated nanodiamonds push horizons for quantum optical technologies related to the development of single photon emitters and temperature nanosensors.
A Scalable Fully Distributed Quantum Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Unit Commitment Problems
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Gao Fang , Dai Wei , Huang Dejian , Gao Qing , Shuang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe unit commitment problem (UCP) is a non‐convex mixed‐integer programming issue that is crucial in the power system. The quantum alternating direction method of multipliers (QADMM) decompose the UCP into quadratic binary optimization (QBO) subproblems and continuous optimization subproblems. Relaxing constraints reformulate the QBO into a quadratic unconstrainted binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which can be addressed using quantum algorithms. Nevertheless, this approach lacks precision for hard constraints and requires more qubits, limiting the UCP scale addressed within QADMM. To confront the aforementioned challenges, this study introduces the consensus constraint‐encoded divide‐and‐conquer QADMM (CCDC‐QADMM). As a scalable fully distributed algorithm, CCDC‐QADMM decomposes the UCP into two subproblems: Subproblem 1, a QUBO problem embedded with minimum up/down constraints, and Subproblem 2, a UC problem without minimum up/down constraints. By employing variable duplication for decoupling and leveraging the principles of average consensus, CCDC‐QADMM achieves fully distributed computation. Specifically, in the QUBO subproblem 1, this algorithm encodes minimum up/down constraints into a hard constraint form within the mixing Hamiltonian. Simultaneously, it employs a divide‐and‐conquer strategy to accommodate the current constraints posed by the limited qubit resources. The effectiveness and scalability of this algorithm are substantiated through practical validation within real‐world UCP scenarios.
UltraLow Threshold Phonon Laser in a PT$\mathcal {PT}$‐Symmetric Cavity Magnomechanical System
Authors: Ding Ming‐Song , Zheng Li , Shi Ying , Liu Yu‐Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe magnomechanical interaction arises from the coupling between magnons and phonons, an effect that has attracted significant attention. Leveraging this foundation, an ultralow threshold phonon laser within a parity‐time ()‐symmetric cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system is investigated. The ‐symmetry is achieved by incorporating a gain mechanism into the cavity mode and the amplification of phonon excitation number is achieved through the pumping of magnon mode. As the gain and dissipation approach the equilibrium, the mechanical gain undergoes a notable amplification, giving rise to a phonon laser action characterized by an ultralow threshold condition. This finding not only promotes a cross‐disciplinary approach in fields such as non‐Hermitian physics and quantum magnomechanics but also points to a promising path for enhancing the magnomechanical effect.
Detection of Sarcopenia in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults Using the SARC‐F Questionnaire: Findings From the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA)
Authors: Patel Harnish P. , Boswell Evie , Laskou Faidra , Westbury Leo D. , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Bloom Ilse , Cooper Cyrus , Aggarwal Pritti , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsSarcopenia is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The SARC‐F self‐rated questionnaire is a simple tool that can be rapidly implemented by clinicians to identify individuals with probable sarcopenia who may require further in‐depth assessment. A score ≥ 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poorer outcomes. We sought to identify the prevalence and demographic correlates of probable sarcopenia in a newly formed cohort of community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of 480 participants (219 men and 261 women) identified from primary care in whom a questionnaire ascertaining demographic, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, nutrition risk and SARC‐F score was completed between 2021 and 2022. Participant characteristics in relation to probable sarcopenia were examined using sex‐stratified logistic regression. Age was included as a covariate.ResultsThe median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (76.9, 83.5) years. 12.8% (28) of men and 23% (60) of women had probable sarcopenia. Older age was associated with probable sarcopenia in both sexes (odds ratio [95% CI]: men 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], p = 0.01; women 1.08 [1.02, 1.14], p = 0.01) as was higher malnutrition risk score (men: 1.30 [1.12, 1.51], p = 0.001; women: 1.32 [1.17, 1.50], p < 0.001 per unit increase). Among men, being married or in a civil partnership or cohabiting was protective against probable sarcopenia (0.39 [0.17, 0.89], p = 0.03) as was reporting drinking any alcohol (0.34 [0.13, 0.92], p = 0.03), whereas in women generally similar relationships were seen though these were weaker. Higher BMI (1.14 (1.07, 1.22), p < 0.001 per unit increase) and more comorbidities (1.61 [1.34, 1.94], p < 0.001 per extra medical condition) were also associated with probable sarcopenia in women.ConclusionsProbable sarcopenia (SARC‐F score ≥ 4) was common in older adults living in their own homes. In addition to advancing age and malnutrition, socio‐demographic factors were also important. Patients with a higher SARC‐F and who are living with associated risk factors should be prioritised for further in‐depth assessment for sarcopenia to allow the planning and implementation of interventions to mitigate potential adverse consequences.
Exploring the Dielectric Model in the Limit of Low‐Energy Electrons Interacting With Graphene
Authors: Segui Silvina , Gervasoni Juana , Arista Néstor , Konvalina Ivo , Werner Wolfgang S. M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present calculations of energy loss spectra corresponding to slow electrons (100 − 1000 eV) interacting with a graphene monolayer. We use a dielectric two‐dimensional model for the conductivity developed for more energetic electrons (>50 keV) and explore its applicability in the present range of energies. The studied configuration is comparable with energy loss spectroscopy experiments implemented in a scanning low‐energy electron microscope equipped with a time‐of‐flight device. We analyze both theoretical and experimental spectra in order to understand the structures observed in the latter and to elucidate the processes involved. The calculated spectra reproduce qualitatively the positions of the
and
plasmon peaks.
New Generation of PROTACs: Advancement in Light‐Responsive and Self‐Assembled PROTACs
Authors: Sapkota Namrata , Xing Qi , Geng Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning field of targeted protein degradation has witnessed significant advancements with the development of proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This mini‐review aims to provide an insightful overview of the latest advancements in cancer therapy, particularly the evolution of stimuli‐responsive, controlled, self‐assembled PROTACs. We explore a spectrum of innovative developments, including photo‐responsive PROTACs, near‐infrared‐activated PROTACs, and those that functions based on biorthogonal reactions. The emergence of polymer‐based PROTACs is also highlighted, underscoring their improved efficacy and specificity. Despite their potential, these novel approaches face significant challenges, particularly in clinical translation. This review underscores the achievements of these ground‐breaking technologies and the hurdles that must be overcome to realize their full therapeutic potential.
Confronting moral injury across health systems: Enhancing medical social workers' resilience and well‐being
Authors: Fantus Sophia , Cole Rebecca , Thomas Latisha , Usset Timothy J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that encounters of potentially moral injurious events (PMIEs) may result in longstanding psychological trauma that impact healthcare workers' mental health and well‐being. In this paper, we explore strategies to alleviate PMIEs for medical social workers. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews (30–60 min) were conducted with medical social workers (n = 75) across the state of Texas. Supported by directed content analysis, textual data were coded and categorised to finalize emerging themes. Findings demonstrate that multilevel strategies ought to be implemented into daily healthcare practice. PMIEs that impact frontline healthcare delivery can be alleviated by having formal and informal support systems (e.g., mentorship, supervision, counselling) as well as honest and transparent interprofessional collaborative care to facilitate psychological team safety. PMIEs across the healthcare organisation, perhaps due to internal policies and practices, may be reduced by implementing educational initiatives and building ethical workplace cultures that serve to explicitly reduce stigma associated with mental health and enhance worker well‐being. PMIEs that derive from macro‐level social policies (e.g., insurance, health disparities) may be alleviated by instituting patient advocacy initiatives and dismantling systems of oppression to lessen psychological stress and trauma. Hospital leadership ought to understand how the United States healthcare industry triggers PMIEs across the healthcare workforce. Multi‐tiered practices and policies that addresses frontline delivery care, leadership and administrative responsibilities, and the healthcare industry can enhance psychologically safe workplaces and elicit macro‐level institutional reform in how health systems function. These findings have important implications for healthcare policy makers, practitioners, educators, and researchers to inform future research and practice development.
Construction of Solution Processable NUS‐8/PANI Nanosheets via Template‐Directed Polymerization for Ultratrace Gas Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Wu Xuanhao , Peng Xiaoyan , Zhu Li , Wang Hongkang , Liu Hui , Yuan Hongye 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe advancement of wireless gas sensing signifies a substantial leap forward in gas detection and intelligent monitoring technologies. This necessitates stringent design criteria for gas sensitive materials with good solution processability, conductivity, and porosity, whose design and synthesis remain challenging yet highly sought‐after. Herein, the fabrication of NUS‐8/polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets is presented with excellent solution processability, high porosity, triboelectric property, and superior electrical conductivity via a template‐directed polymerization strategy. Solution processable NUS‐8 nanosheets, synthesized directly by a “one‐pot” approach, serve as templates to enhance the “on‐site” polymerization of aniline, resulting in the formation of PANI layer on NUS‐8 nanosheets with a thickness of 7 nm. The resultant NUS‐8/PANI nanosheets exhibit outstanding solution processability, and a film conductivity of 8.6 S m−1. The solution processability enables the facile fabrication of homogeneous and compact NUS‐8/PANI films and thus their integration onto electronic devices targeted for multifunctional sensing. The NUS‐8/PANI coated sensors demonstrate sensitive and selective detection at room temperature toward ultratrace ammonia with a detection limit of 120 ppb. A wireless sensing system based on the NUS‐8/PANI‐coated sensor is capable to monitor the spoilage process of meat. This study paves novel avenues for designing and synthesizing gas‐sensitive materials for practical applications.
Controlling of Crystal Facets by Dysprosium‐Modified WO3/Carbon Nanofibers Enhance the Flexible Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Shi Kaiyan , Chen Zefeng , Sun Weiyan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDysprosium‐modified tungsten oxide/carbon nanofibers (Dy‐WO3/PCNFs) are fabricated via electrospinning combined with high‐temperature calcination to synthesize a flexible, self‐supporting electrode material that does not require a conductive agent or binder. XRD and TEM analyses showed that introducing dysprosium promoted the preferential growth of WO3 crystals along the preponderance crystal planes involved in the electrochemical reaction, enhancing the exposure of the (002) and (200) crystal planes. Furthermore, DFT calculations demonstrated that the incorporation of Dy resulted in enhanced adsorption of Dy‐WO3 by PCNFs, with an adsorption energy of −1.21 eV. The Bader charge results indicate a transfer of 1.70 |e| from PCNFs to Dy‐WO3. DFT calculations demonstrate that strong adsorption facilitates charge adsorption/desorption, which contributes to charge transfer and enhances storage capacity. The prepared Dy‐WO3/PCNFs exhibited a high specific capacitance (557.28 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). Supercapacitors assembled with Dy‐WO3/PCNFs as the positive electrode and CNFs as the negative electrode have high energy density (29.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 363.48 W kg−1). This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of Dy‐WO3/PCNFs with exceptional electrochemical properties and offers significant insights into the design and application of flexible electrodes by incorporating dysprosium to modulate the crystal surface of WO3.
Development and Optimization of Thin‐Lithium‐Metal Anodes with a Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Stabilization Coating for Enhancement of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chen , Chung Sheng‐Heng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are dominating high‐energy‐density energy storage for 30 years. However, their development approaches theoretical limits, spurring the development of lithium–sulfur cells that achieve high energy densities through reversible electrochemical conversion reactions. Nevertheless, the commercialization of lithium–sulfur cells is hindered by practical challenges associated primarily with the use of thick‐lithium anodes, low‐loading sulfur cathodes, and high electrolyte‐to‐sulfur ratios, which prevent realization of the cells’ full potential in terms of electrochemical and material performance. To solve these extrinsic and intrinsic problems, the effect of lithium‐metal thickness on the electrochemical behavior of lithium–sulfur cells with high‐loading sulfur cathodes in lean‐electrolyte configurations is investigated. Specifically, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO), a solid electrolyte, is utilized to form an ionically/electronically conductive coating to stabilize lithium‐metal anodes, thereby enhancing their lithium‐ion pathways and interfacial charge transfer. Electrochemical analyses reveal that an LLTO coating significantly reduces excessive reactions between lithium metal and an electrolyte, thereby minimizing lithium consumption and electrolyte depletion. Further, LLTO‐stabilized lithium anodes improve lithium–sulfur cell performance, and most importantly, allow the fabrication of thin‐lithium, high‐loading‐sulfur cells that open a pathway toward high‐energy‐density batteries.
Nile red‐based AIEgen for highly fluorescent polymer particles and its application in light‐scattering fluorescent films
Authors: Jiang Hongkun , Chen Shengjie , Wu Weizhipeng , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic luminophores with superior solid‐state luminescence are urgently required in various fields, such as lighting, display, sensing, and solar energy conversion. However, to achieve their highly efficient luminescence still remains a challenge. Herein, a newly designed Nile red derivative, Nile‐DPA‐VB, is successfully obtained to exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics with the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 11.45%. Such PLQY could be further promoted to 53.45% when Nile‐DPA‐VB is polymerized undergoing precipitation polymerization process, where the confined aggregation microenvironment severely restricts the intramolecular motions of Nile‐DPA‐VB. Remarkably, Nile‐DPA‐VB is ultrasensitive to the polarity and steric effect, enabling the real‐time monitoring of aggregation microenvironment evolution for precipitation polymerization. The microphase separation and dynamic hardening for the nucleation and growth processes are visually demonstrated, which contribute dominantly to the high‐efficiency luminescence. Finally, by doping the as‐prepared fluorescent polymeric particles into polymethyl methacrylate, functional films with high luminescence and high haze are achieved to show the potential in lighting. These findings clearly demonstrate the significant role of polymerization in constructing high‐efficiency solid‐state luminescent materials for practice.