bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional analysis of healthcare worker mental health and utilisation of a digital mental health platform from 2020 to 2023
Authors: Agarwal Anish K , Southwick Lauren , Pelullo Arthur , McCalpin Haley J , Gonzales Rachel E , Asch David A , Livesey Cecilia , Bellini Lisa , Kishton Rachel , Beck Sarah , Merchant Raina M 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundHealthcare worker (HCW) anxiety and depression worsened during the pandemic, prompting the expansion of digital mental health platforms as potential solutions offering online assessments, access to resources and counselling. The use of these digital engagement tools may reflect tendencies and trends for the mental health needs of HCWs.ObjectivesThis retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated the association between the use of an online mental health platform within a large academic health system and measures of that system’s COVID-19 burden during the first 3 years of the pandemic.MethodsThe study investigated the use of Cobalt, an online mental health platform, comprising deidentified mental health assessments and utilisation metrics. Cobalt, serves as an online mental health resource broadly available to health system employees, offering online evidence-based tools, coaching, therapy options and asynchronous content (podcasts, articles, videos and more). The analyses use validated mental health assessments (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) alongside publicly available COVID-19 data. Statistical analyses employed univariate linear regression with Stata SE Statistical Software.ResultsBetween March 2020 and March 2023, 43 308 independent user sessions were created on Cobalt, a majority being anonymous sessions (72%, n=31 151). Mental health assessments, including PHQ-4, PHQ-9, GAD-7 and primary care-PTSD, totalled 9462 over the time period. Risk for self-harm was noted in 17.1% of PHQ-9 assessments. Additionally, 4418 appointments were scheduled with mental health counsellors and clinicians. No significant associations were identified between COVID-19 case burden and Cobalt utilisation or assessment scores.ConclusionCobalt emerged as an important access point for assessing the collective mental health of the workforce, witnessing increased engagement over time. Notably, the study indicates the nuanced nature of HCW assessments of anxiety, depression and PTSD, with mental health scores reflecting moderate decreases in depression and anxiety but signalling potential increases in PTSD. Tailored resources are imperative, acknowledging varied mental health needs within the healthcare workforce. Ultimately, this investigation lays the groundwork for continued exploration of the impact and effectiveness of digital platforms in supporting HCW mental health.
Entropic Regression Dynamic Mode Decomposition (ERDMD) Discovers Informative Sparse and Nonuniformly Time Delayed Models
Authors: Curtis Christopher W. , Bollt Erik , Alford-Lago Daniel Jay 
Published: September 2024

In this work, we present a method that determines optimal multistep Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) models via Entropic Regression (ER), which is a nonlinear information flow detection algorithm. Motivated by the Higher-Order DMD (HODMD) method of [ Le Clainche & Vega , 2017 ], and the ER technique for network detection and model construction found in [ Sun et al. , 2015 ; AlMomani et al. , 2020 ], we develop a method that we call ERDMD, which produces high fidelity time-delay DMD models that allow for nonuniformity in the delays. This optimal choice of delays is discovered by maximizing informativity as measured through ER. These models are shown to be highly efficient and robust. We test our method over several data sets generated by chaotic attractors and show that we are able to build excellent reconstructions using relatively minimal models. We likewise are able to better identify multiscale features via our models which enhances the utility of DMD.
Synovial Matrix Remodeling and Inflammatory Profile in Disc Displacement of the Temporomandibular Joint: An Observational Case‐Control Study
Authors: Khattar Pallavi , Ulmner Mattias , Häbel Henrike , Lund Bodil , Sugars Rachael V. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Pain‐related temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) are a major public health problem, including the diagnoses of disc displacement (DD) with and without reduction (DDwR/DDwoR).Objectives: The study aimed to examine the matrix remodeling and the inflammatory profile in synovial tissues of patients with TMJ‐DD, with a view to understand the pathophysiology, and to contribute to the development of tissue‐based diagnostic criteria.Methods: This laboratory‐based observational case‐control study included 30 synovial tissue samples obtained from 30 patients, diagnosed with delayed (DO) or sudden (SO) onset of DDwoR, which were compared against the reference patient material, DDwR (n = 10/diagnosis group). Tissue samples were investigated histologically and via quantitative immunohistochemistry for a panel of antibodies targeted against extracellular matrix proteins and inflammatory markers. The data were analyzed using a generalized linear model with a gamma family distribution (p < 0.05).Results: Quantification of immunostaining revealed significant differences in the distribution of collagen type III (DO, p < 0.001), lumican (DO, p < 0.05), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (DO, p < 0.05), CD4 T‐helper cells (DO, p < 0.01; SO, p < 0.001), and CD68 monocytic immune cells (both SO and DO, p < 0.001) in DDwoR groups compared to the reference patient material, DDwR.Conclusions: The observations confirmed differences in matrix remodeling and an increase in local inflammatory activity in the DDwoR diagnosis compared to the reference patient material, DDwR. The study highlighted the importance of synovial tissue characterization to unite micropathology and clinical findings, leading to more reliable diagnostic tools.
The Efficacy of Methazolamide Combined With Ibuprofen for Treating Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Zhao Wenqi , Gao Zhiqi , Zhang Erlong , Xu Gang , Sun Binda , Liu Bao , Wu Gang , Wang Shouxian , Gao Yuqi , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2024

Aims: When entering a mountain plateau, people are at risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS), for which there are limited prophylactic medicines available. This study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of ibuprofen, acetazolamide, and methazolamide in preventing AMS and at providing valuable insights for the future development of related drugs.Methods: A total of 137 mountaineers were recruited for this study and divided into six groups: a control group, an ibuprofen group, an acetazolamide group, a methazolamide group, an ibuprofen/methazolamide combination group, and a high‐dose ibuprofen/methazolamide combination group. After the assigned drug was taken for three days at a lower elevation (300 m), the participants ascended to a plateau environment at 5050 m. The Lake Louise AMS Score (LLS) system was used to diagnose and evaluate the AMS rates of the mountaineers in each group, and the results were compared through statistical analysis.Results: The results show that all the medications tested herein were effective in preventing AMS, but their level of effectiveness varied. The prevalence of AMS was 50.00% in the control group, 14.29% in the ibuprofen group, 5.56% in the acetazolamide group, 27.27% in the methazolamide group, 44.8% in the ibuprofen and methazolamide group, and 22.50% in the high‐dose ibuprofen and methazolamide group. Acetazolamide demonstrated a significant prophylactic effect on symptoms related to AMS diagnosis, and ibuprofen showed the best efficacy for preventing headache.Conclusion: Acetazolamide remains an effective medicine for preventing AMS. Ibuprofen combined with methazolamide is less effective than ibuprofen alone to prevent AMS.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-12002219
Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Treatment for patients with multiple myeloma has experienced rapid development and improvement in recent years; however, patients continue to experience relapse, and multiple myeloma remains largely incurable. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been widely recognized as a promising target for treatment of multiple myeloma due to its exclusive expression in B-cell linage cells and its critical role in the growth and survival of malignant plasma cells. Here, we introduce STI-8811, a BCMA-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) linked to an auristatin-derived duostatin payload via an enzymatically cleavable peptide linker, using our proprietary C-lock technology. STI-8811 exhibits target-specific binding activity and rapid internalization, leading to G2/M cell-cycle arrest, caspase 3/7 activation, and apoptosis in BCMA-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA) is shed by multiple myeloma cells into the blood and increases with disease progression, competing for ADC binding and reducing its efficacy. We report enhanced cytotoxic activity in the presence of high levels of sBCMA compared with a belantamab mafodotin biosimilar (J6M0-mcMMAF). STI-8811 demonstrated greater in vivo activity than J6M0-mcMMAF in solid and disseminated multiple myeloma models, including tumor models with low BCMA expression and/or in large solid tumors representing soft-tissue plasmacytomas. In cynomolgus monkeys, STI-8811 was well tolerated, with toxicities consistent with other BCMA-targeting ADCs with auristatin payloads in clinical studies. STI-8811 has the potential to outperform current clinical candidates with lower toxicity and higher activity under conditions found in patients with advanced disease.
Significance: STI-8811 is a BCMA-targeting ADC carrying a potent auristatin derivative. We report unique binding properties which maintain potent cytotoxic activity under sBCMA-high conditions that hinder the clinical efficacy of current BCMA-targeting ADC candidates. Beyond disseminated models of multiple myeloma, we observed efficacy in solid tumor models of plasmacytomas with low and heterogenous BCMA expressions at a magnitude and duration of response exceeding that of clinical comparators.
РИЗИКИ ТА ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКІВ НЕСПРИЯТЛИВИХ НАСЛІДКІВ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЇ У ГЕРІАТРИЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ
Authors: Zaychenko G. V. , Diachenko O. I. 
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз захворювань у пацієнтів геріатричної когорти, їх причин, ризиків та факторів ризиків, що сприяють виникненню цих хвороб, впливають на процес лікування, а також на створення класифікації факторів ризику.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано бібліосемантичний, аналітичний методи, експертних оцінок, моделювання.
Результати й обговорення. Лікування геріатричних пацієнтів супроводжується низкою таких ризиків: значний рівень несприятливих наслідків застосування лікарських засобів (ЛЗ); зростання супутніх захворювань; інфікування; зростання смертності; зростання фінансових витрат на лікування та ведення геріатричних пацієнтів.
У результаті проведеного аналізу фактори ризику поділили на такі групи:
– зумовлені особливостями організму: старіння, фізіологічні зміни, фармакокінетичні та фармакодинамічні зміни ЛЗ, зменшення опірності;
– спричинені супутніми захворюваннями: полімобідність, ускладнення перебігу основного захворювання, зменшення ефективності його лікування, хронізація захворювань;
– зумовлені лікуванням: поліфармація, поліпрагмазія, часта антибіотикотерапія;
– зумовлені особливостями надання медичної допомоги: подовження термінів госпіталізації, особливості надання медичної допомоги, медичні помилки та проблеми, пов’язані з ліками.
Висновки. Лікування геріатричних пацієнтів супроводжується низкою ризиків. Пропонуємо ризики фармакотерапії геріатричних пацієнтів поділити на такі групи:
– зростання несприятливих наслідків при застосуванні ЛЗ;
– збільшення супутніх захворювань;
– висока ймовірність інфікування;
– зростання смертності;
– збільшення фінансових ресурсів, які витрачають на купірування несприятливих наслідків лікування та ведення геріатричних пацієнтів.
Існують фактори ризику, що сприяють маніфестації ризиків лікування геріатричних пацієнтів. Вважаємо за доцільне усі виявлені фактори ризику фармакотерапії геріатричних пацієнтів поділити на чотири групи, згідно з причинами їх виникнення:
– зумовлені особливостями організму пацієнта;
– спричинені супутніми захворюваннями;
– зумовлені лікуванням;
– спричинені особливостями надання медичної допомоги.
A obtenção direta do VO2máx não é influenciada pela característica dos protocolos de teste de esforço máximo
Authors: Sá Filho Alberto Souza , Silva Thiago Albernaz , Sales Marcelo Magalhães , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Agostinho Gilberto Reis , Machado Sérgio , Costa Gustavo de Conti Teixeira , Rubini Ercole da Cruz 
Published: September 2024

The values of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) obtained indirectly are influenced by the characteristic or exercise protocol configuration. However, it is unclear in the literature if this prerogative is true when VO2max is measured directly. The objective was to compare the values of VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) obtained through a maximum incremental protocol (Tmax) and a continuous time to exhaustion (TLim) protocol, based on the power of the VO2max. Twelve males cyclists (Age = 36,0 ± 9,3 years; height = 173,2 ± 5,9 cm; mass = 78,5 ± 10,7 kg), trained for regional proves of long distance participated in the study. A Tmax was performed on the cycle ergometer with increments of 22.5 W every minute, with an initial load of 157.5 W maintaining a standard rotation of 90 RPM. TLim was performed at the same rotation until exhaustion from the lowest occurrence power of VO2max (PVO2max). Student's t-test was used to compare the dependent variables (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference in the obtained values of VO2max and HRmax (TMax = 45.02 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1 vs. TLim = 44.17 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1) e (HRTmax = 182.9 ± 9.2 bpm vs. HRTLim = 181.3 ± 7.5 bpm), respectively, when compared both tests. The TLim on PVO2Max provided reliable values of VO2max and HRmax, and a shorter total test time performed, compared to a maximal incremental protocol.
Online Personal Training in Patients With Marfan Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study of Its Impact on Quality of Life and Physical Capacity
Authors: Jouini Steeve , Milleron Olivier , Eliahou Ludivine , Jondeau Guillaume , Vitiello Damien 
Published: September 2024

Background
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder affecting the vascular and musculoskeletal systems. Limited knowledge exists regarding the exercise benefits for this population. This study aimed to explore the impact of a structured exercise program on the quality of life (QoL) and physical capabilities of patients with MFS.

Methods and Results
This was a randomized, controlled, parallel‐group trial. Patients with MFS were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a training group or a control group. The trial included a 3‐month online supervised training program. Seventy patients with MFS were compared with healthy subjects. They were randomized into a training group (MFS‐T) and a control group (MFS‐C). The training consisted of 2 supervised online sessions weekly for 3 months. The primary outcome was QoL, assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 36 questionnaire. Baseline QoL in all dimensions was lower in patients with MFS. Their peak oxygen uptake was 25% lower, and muscle elasticity was diminished compared with healthy subjects. Postintervention, significant improvements were observed in the MFS‐T group relative to the MFS‐C group: QoL (+20.2±14.3 versus +0.7±0.5), peak oxygen uptake (+34% versus +14%), muscle elasticity index (11.5±8.2 versus +1.2±1.7), reduced blood pressures during isometric squats (systolic −19±30 versus 0±6; diastolic −27±39 versus +2±15), and reduced pulse wave velocity at rest (−1.20±1.89 versus −0.40±1.61) and postexercise (−0.42±0.45 versus +0.08±0.48). The aortic diameter remained stable in both groups (MFS‐T−0.19±1.1 versus MFS‐C+0.11±0.78). After training, QoL remained lower in MFS‐T than in healthy subjects, but peak oxygen uptake, pulse wave velocity at rest, and postexercise were similar to those of healthy subjects.

Conclusions
The 3‐month online training program significantly enhanced QoL and cardiovascular/muscular metrics in patients with MFS without affecting aortic root diameter, suggesting its potential as part of a management strategy for MFS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04553094.
Estimation of AMOC Transition Probabilities Using a Machine Learning–Based Rare-Event Algorithm
Authors: Jacques-Dumas Valérian , van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is an important component of the global climate, known to be a tipping element, as it could collapse under global warming. The main objective of this study is to compute the probability that the AMOC collapses within a specified time window, using a rare-event algorithm called trajectory-adaptive multilevel splitting (TAMS). However, the efficiency and accuracy of TAMS depend on the choice of the score function. Although the definition of the optimal score function, called the “committor function,” is known, it is impossible in general to compute it a priori. Here, we combine TAMS with a next-generation reservoir computing technique that estimates the committor function from the data generated by the rare-event algorithm. We test this technique in a stochastic box model of the AMOC for which two types of transition exist, the so-called fast (F) and slow (S) transitions. Results for the F transitions compare favorably with those in the literature where a physically informed score function was used. We show that coupling a rare-event algorithm with machine learning allows for a correct estimation of transition probabilities, transition times, and even transition paths for a wide range of model parameters. We then extend these results to the more difficult problem of S transitions in the same model. In both cases of F transitions and S transitions, we also show how the next-generation reservoir computing technique can be interpreted to retrieve an analytical estimate of the committor function.
Optimizing Numerical Weather Prediction Utility of the Maryland Mesonet with Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: McCurry Joshua , Poterjoy Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Maryland Mesonet project will construct a network of 75 surface observing stations with aims that include mitigating the statewide impact of severe convective storms and improving analyses of records. The spatial configuration of mesonet stations is expected to affect the utility newly provided observations will have via data assimilation, making it desirable to study the effects of mesonet configuration. Furthermore, the impact associated with any observing system configuration is constrained by errors inherent to the prediction systems used to generate forecasts, which may change with future advances in data assimilation methodology, physical parameterization schemes, and resource availability. To address such possibilities, we perform sets of observing system simulation experiments using a high-resolution regional modeling system to assess the expected impact of four candidate mesonet configurations. Experiments cover seven 18-h case study events featuring moist convective regimes associated with severe weather over the state of Maryland and are performed using two versions of our experimental modeling system: a “standard-uncertainty” configuration tuned to be representative of existing convective-allowing prediction systems and a “constrained-uncertainty” configuration with reduced boundary condition and model error that reflects a possible trajectory for future prediction systems. We find that the assimilation of mesonet data produces definitive improvements to analysis fields below 1000 m that are mediated by modeling system uncertainty. Conversely, mesonet impact on forecast verification is inconclusive and strongly variable across verification metrics. The impact of mesonet configuration appears limited by a saturation effect that caps local analysis improvements past a minimal density of observing stations.

Significance Statement
The Maryland Mesonet project will construct 75 surface observing stations to improve the analysis of records for Maryland’s surface weather conditions as well as predictions for severe weather events. The spatial placement of sensors is expected to influence the utility of a mesonet, making it desirable to optimize mesonet layouts. The utility provided by a mesonet may also be impacted by errors in prediction systems used to generate analyses and forecasts, which are themselves subject to change given future advances in prediction methods and resources. This study uses observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs)—which comprehensively simulate numerical weather prediction for a known “truth state” —to characterize improvement we may expect from mesonet observations and evaluate four potential mesonet configurations.
Psychiatrists' Experiences, Training Needs, and Preferences Regarding Prescription and Management of HIV Pre‐exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Within Psychiatric Care
Authors: Bunting Samuel R. , Feinstein Brian A. , Vidyasagar Nitin , Wilson Allison , Schneider John , Ehsan Dustin A. , Hazra Aniruddha 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPeople living with mental illness (PLWMI) experience a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of HIV. Preventing HIV among PLWMI is a priority for multiple domestic public health agencies. As key clinicians for this group, psychiatrists may have an important role to play in increasing PrEP use among PLWMI.MethodsA national survey of psychiatrists (N = 880) about integrating PrEP prescription into psychiatric practice was conducted between November 2022‐October 2023. Specifically, we inquired about experiences with PrEP prescription, patient request for PrEP, and interest in prescribing PrEP. We also inquired about barriers to PrEP prescription in psychiatry and preferred models for implementing PrEP prescription in psychiatry.ResultsWe found that 19.3% of psychiatrists had received a request for PrEP from a patient, 17.3% had prescribed, and 53.9% were interested in prescribing. The greatest percentage of psychiatrists who prescribed PrEP were practicing primarily in inpatient psychiatry (28.8%). Practicing in one of the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) priority jurisdictions (aOR = 2.08 [1.23–3.54], p = 0.003) and greater self‐confidence in PrEP‐related tasks (aOR = 2.10 [1.67–2.65], p < 0.001) were associated with higher likelihood of PrEP prescription. Limited knowledge of PrEP was the barrier endorsed by the greatest percentage of psychiatrists (76.3%). Most preferred a hypothetical model in which a psychiatrist prescribed an initial course of PrEP with prompt primary care or infectious disease follow‐up (63.1%).ConclusionMost psychiatrists were interested in prescribing PrEP. Training is needed to enable PrEP implementation in psychiatric practice including development of collaborative practice models to engage psychiatrists across a diversity of settings.