bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entire nucleotide sequences of Gossypium raimondii and G. arboreum mitochondrial genomes revealed A‐genome species as cytoplasmic donor of the allotetraploid species
Authors: Chen Z. , Nie H. , Grover C. E. , Wang Y. , Li P. , Wang M. , Pei H. , Zhao Y. , Li S. , Wendel J. F. , Hua J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is commonly grouped into eight diploid genomic groups, designated A–G and K, and an allotetraploid genomic group, AD. Gossypium raimondii (D5) and G. arboreum (A2) are the putative contributors to the progenitor of G. hirsutum (AD1), the economically important fibre‐producing cotton species.

Mitochondrial DNA from week‐old etiolated seedlings was extracted from isolated organelles using discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. Mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, assembled, annotated and analysed in orderly.

Gossypium raimondii (D5) and G. arboreum (A2) mitochondrial genomes were provided in this study. The mitochondrial genomes of two diploid species harboured circular genome of 643,914 bp (D5) and 687,482 bp (A2), respectively. They differ in size and number of repeat sequences, both contain illuminating triplicate sequences with 7317 and 10,246 bp, respectively, demonstrating dynamic difference and rearranged genome organisations. Comparing the D5 and A2 mitogenomes with mitogenomes of tetraploid Gossypium species (AD1, G. hirsutum; AD2, G. barbadense), a shared 11 kbp fragment loss was detected in allotetraploid species, three regions shared by G. arboreum (A2), G. hirsutum (AD1) and G. barbadense (AD2), while eight regions were specific to G. raimondii (D5). The presence/absence variations and gene‐based phylogeny supported that A‐genome is a cytoplasmic donor to the progenitor of allotetraploid species G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.

The results present structure variations and phylogeny of Gossypium mitochondrial genome evolution.
Leaf habit does not determine the investment in both physical and chemical defences and pair‐wise correlations between these defensive traits
Authors: Moreira X. , Pearse I. S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Plant life‐history strategies associated with resource acquisition and economics (e.g. leaf habit) are thought to be fundamental determinants of the traits and mechanisms that drive herbivore pressure, resource allocation to plant defensive traits, and the simultaneous expression (positive correlations) or trade‐offs (negative correlations) between these defensive traits. In particular, it is expected that evergreen species – which usually grow slower and support constant herbivore pressure in comparison with deciduous species – will exhibit higher levels of both physical and chemical defences and a higher predisposition to the simultaneous expression of physical and chemical defensive traits.

Here, by using a dataset which included 56 oak species (Quercus genus), we investigated whether leaf habit of plant species governs the investment in both physical and chemical defences and pair‐wise correlations between these defensive traits.

Our results showed that leaf habit does not determine the production of most leaf physical and chemical defences. Although evergreen oak species had higher levels of leaf toughness and specific leaf mass (physical defences) than deciduous oak species, both traits are essentially prerequisites for evergreenness. Similarly, our results also showed that leaf habit does not determine pair‐wise correlations between defensive traits because most physical and chemical defensive traits were simultaneously expressed in both evergreen and deciduous oak species.

Our findings indicate that leaf habit does not substantially contribute to oak species differences in plant defence investment.
The Dilemma of Labor Unions: Local Objectives vs Global Bargaining
Authors: Eckel Carsten , Egger Hartmut 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIt is a widespread concern that multinational enterprises improve their disagreement profits by setting up foreign production facilities, with adverse consequences for negotiated wages and union utilities. In this paper, we take a new angle on this issue and analyze whether unions can improve their situation by cooperating internationally. Our results show that cooperation is clearly beneficial for unions if their preferences regarding wages and employment are similar across countries. If these preferences differ, however, potential production reallocations by multinationals create winners and losers among unions, and this may impede cooperation of unions within the multinational production network.
The ANGULATA7 gene encodes a DnaJ‐like zinc finger‐domain protein involved in chloroplast function and leaf development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Muñoz‐Nortes Tamara , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel , Ponce María Rosa , Candela Héctor , Micol José Luis 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe characterization of mutants with altered leaf shape and pigmentation has previously allowed the identification of nuclear genes that encode plastid‐localized proteins that perform essential functions in leaf growth and development. A large‐scale screen previously allowed us to isolate ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutants with small rosettes and pale green leaves with prominent marginal teeth, which were assigned to a phenotypic class that we dubbed Angulata. The molecular characterization of the 12 genes assigned to this phenotypic class should help us to advance our understanding of the still poorly understood relationship between chloroplast biogenesis and leaf morphogenesis. In this article, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of the angulata7‐1 (anu7‐1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which we found to be a hypomorphic allele of the EMB2737 gene, which was previously known only for its embryonic‐lethal mutations. ANU7 encodes a plant‐specific protein that contains a domain similar to the central cysteine‐rich domain of DnaJ proteins. The observed genetic interaction of anu7‐1 with a loss‐of‐function allele of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 suggests that the anu7‐1 mutation triggers a retrograde signal that leads to changes in the expression of many genes that normally function in the chloroplasts. Many such genes are expressed at higher levels in anu7‐1 rosettes, with a significant overrepresentation of those required for the expression of plastid genome genes. Like in other mutants with altered expression of plastid‐encoded genes, we found that anu7‐1 exhibits defects in the arrangement of thylakoidal membranes, which appear locally unappressed.
R‐Type Ca2+ channels couple to inhibitory neurotransmission to the longitudinal muscle in the guinea‐pig ileum
Authors: Rodriguez‐Tapia Eileen S. , Naidoo Vinogran , DeVries Matthew , Perez‐Medina Alberto , Galligan James J. 
Published: December 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Subtypes of enteric neurons are coded by the neurotransmitters they synthesize, but it is not known whether enteric neuron subtypes might also be coded by other proteins, including calcium channel subtypes controlling neurotransmitter release.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our data indicate that guinea‐pig ileum myenteric neuron subtypes may be coded by calcium channel subtypes. We found that R‐type calcium channels are expressed by inhibitory but not excitatory longitudinal muscle motoneurons. R‐Type calcium channels are also not expressed by circular muscle inhibitory motoneurons. Calcium channel subtype‐selective antagonists could be used to target subtypes of neurons to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders.

There is evidence that R‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to synaptic transmission in the myenteric plexus. It is unknown whether R‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to neuromuscular transmission. We measured the effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro‐l‐arginine (NLA), Ca2+ channel blockers and apamin (SK channel blocker) on neurogenic relaxations and contractions of the guinea‐pig ileum longitudinal muscle–myenteric plexus (LMMP) in vitro. We used intracellular recordings to measure inhibitory junction potentials. Immunohistochemical techniques localized R‐type Ca2+ channel protein in the LMMP and circular muscle. Cadmium chloride (pan‐Ca2+ channel blocker) blocked and NLA and NiCl2 (R‐type Ca2+ channel blocker) reduced neurogenic relaxations in a non‐additive manner. Nickel chloride did not alter neurogenic cholinergic contractions, but it potentiated neurogenic non‐cholinergic contractions. Relaxations were inhibited by apamin, NiCl2 and NLA and were blocked by combined application of these drugs. Relaxations were reduced by NiCl2 or ω‐conotoxin (N‐type Ca2+ channel blocker) and were blocked by combined application of these drugs. Longitudinal muscle inhibitory junction potentials were inhibited by NiCl2 but not MRS 2179 (P2Y1 receptor antagonist). Circular muscle inhibitory junction potentials were blocked by apamin, MRS 2179, ω‐conotoxin and CdCl2 but not NiCl2. We conclude that neuronal R‐type Ca2+ channels contribute to inhibitory neurotransmission to longitudinal muscle but less so or not all in the circular muscle of the guinea‐pig ileum.
Associations between Maternal Characteristics and Women's Responses to Acupuncture during Labour: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Vixner Linda , Schytt Erica , Mårtensson Lena B 
Published: December 2016

Background Patient characteristics are modulators of pain experience after acupuncture treatment for chronic pain. Whether this also applies to labour pain is unknown. Aim To examine for associations between maternal characteristics and response to acupuncture in terms of labour pain intensity in close proximity to the treatment (within 60 min) and over a longer time period (up to 240 min), and whether or not epidural analgesia is used, before and after adjustment for obstetric status upon admission to the labour ward. Methods Cohort study (n=253) using data collected for a randomised controlled trial. Associations were examined using linear mixed models and logistic regression analyses. Tests of interactions were also applied to investigate whether maternal characteristics were influenced by treatment group allocation. Results In close proximity to the treatment, advanced age and cervical dilation were associated with lower pain scores (mean difference (MD) −13.2, 95% CI −23.4 to −2.9; and MD −5.0, 95% CI −9.6 to −0.5, respectively). For the longer time period, labour pain was negatively associated with age (MD −11.8, 95% CI −19.6 to −3.9) and positively associated with dysmenorrhoea (MD 5.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 9.5). Previous acupuncture experience and advanced cervical dilatation were associated with higher and lower use of epidural analgesia (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9; and OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5, respectively). No interactions with treatment allocation were found. Conclusions This study did not identify any maternal characteristics associated with women's responses to acupuncture during labour. Trial registration number NCT01197950; Post-results.
Adult height of preterm infants: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Ferguson E C , Wright N P , Gibson A T , Carney S , Wright A , Wales J K 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMany infants born prematurely experience growth failure following delivery, with subsequent catch-up growth. Traditionally catch-up was thought to be complete in the first few years of life. Most studies have focused on groups of infants defined by birth weight, for example <1500 g, resulting in disproportionate numbers of small for gestational age infants. This study aimed to determine whether appropriate weight for gestation (AGA) preterm born children reach their expected adult height when compared with term controls.MethodologyThis UK based prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited 204 preterm children born at a tertiary neonatal unit during 1994 and 50 matched controls. Growth parameters have been assessed annually until the completion of growth.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the final height SD score (SDS) of children born at term (n=30) and those born prematurely and AGA (n=70) (0.45 term vs 0.22 preterm). Catch-up growth however, continued throughout the whole of childhood. When the difference between final height SDS and mid-parental height SDS were compared, there were again no significant differences (0.13 term vs 0.03 preterm).ConclusionsThose born prematurely with an AGA achieve a comparable adult height to children born at term, however, catch-up growth continues for much longer than traditionally thought.
Ethnic and socioeconomic variation in incidence of congenital heart defects
Authors: Knowles Rachel L , Ridout Deborah , Crowe Sonya , Bull Catherine , Wray Jo , Tregay Jenifer , Franklin Rodney C , Barron David J , Cunningham David , Parslow Roger C , Brown Katherine L 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionEthnic differences in the birth prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reported; however, studies of the contemporary UK population are lacking. We investigated ethnic variations in incidence of serious CHDs requiring cardiac intervention before 1 year of age.MethodsAll infants who had a cardiac intervention in England and Wales between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 were identified in the national congenital heart disease surgical audit and matched with paediatric intensive care admission records to create linked individual child records. Agreement in reporting of ethnic group by each audit was evaluated. For infants born 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for CHDs by ethnicity and investigated age at intervention, antenatal diagnosis and area deprivation.ResultsWe identified 5350 infants (2940 (55.0%) boys). Overall CHD incidence was significantly higher in Asian and Black ethnic groups compared with the White reference population (incidence rate ratios (IRR) (95% CIs): Asian 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7); Black 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6)); incidence of specific CHDs varied by ethnicity. No significant differences in age at intervention or antenatal diagnosis rates were identified but affected children from non-White ethnic groups were more likely to be living in deprived areas than White children.ConclusionsSignificant ethnic variations exist in the incidence of CHDs, including for specific defects with high infant mortality. It is essential that healthcare provision mitigates ethnic disparity, including through timely identification of CHDs at screening, supporting parental choice and effective interventions. Future research should explore the factors underlying ethnic variation and impact on longer-term outcomes.
Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review
Authors: Thomas Robert James , Kenfield Stacey A , Jimenez Alfonso 
Published: December 2016

AimTo review and discuss the available international literature regarding the indirect and direct biochemical mechanisms that occur after exercise, which could positively, or negatively, influence oncogenic pathways.MethodsThe PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers up to July 2016 addressing biochemical changes after exercise with a particular reference to cancer. The three authors independently assessed their appropriateness for inclusion in this review based on their scientific quality and relevance.Results168 papers were selected and categorised into indirect and direct biochemical pathways. The indirect effects included changes in vitamin D, weight reduction, sunlight exposure and improved mood. The direct effects included insulin-like growth factor, epigenetic effects on gene expression and DNA repair, vasoactive intestinal peptide, oxidative stress and antioxidant pathways, heat shock proteins, testosterone, irisin, immunity, chronic inflammation and prostaglandins, energy metabolism and insulin resistance.SummaryExercise is one of several lifestyle factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer and is associated with lower relapse rates and better survival. This review highlights the numerous biochemical processes, which explain these potential anticancer benefits.
Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise alone to improve health outcomes in paediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: García-Hermoso Antonio , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo , Peterson Mark D , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise is superior to aerobic exercise alone for the health of obese children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesComputerised search of 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies that compared the effect of supervised concurrent exercise versus aerobic exercise interventions, with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in paediatric obesity (6–18 years old). The mean differences (MD) of the parameters from preintervention to postintervention between groups were pooled using a random-effects model.Results12 trials with 555 youths were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, concurrent exercise resulted in greater reductions in body mass (MD=−2.28 kg), fat mass (MD=−3.49%; and MD=−4.34 kg) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=−10.20 mg/dL); as well as greater increases in lean body mass (MD=2.20 kg) and adiponectin level (MD=2.59 μg/mL). Differences were larger for longer term programmes (>24 weeks).SummaryConcurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise improves body composition, metabolic profiles, and inflammatory state in the obese paediatric population.Trial registration numberCRD42016039807.
Gestational diabetes mellitus treatment reduces obesity-induced adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: the St. Carlos gestational study
Authors: Assaf-Balut Carla , Familiar Cristina , García de la Torre Nuria , Rubio Miguel A , Bordiú Elena , del Valle Laura , Lara Miriam , Ruiz Teresa , Ortolá Ana , Crespo Irene , Duran Alejandra , Herraiz Miguel A , Izquierdo Nuria , Perez Noelia , Torrejon Maria J , Runkle Isabelle , Montañez Carmen , Calle-Pascual Alfonso L 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundObesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase the morbidity of the mother and newborn, which could increase further should they coexist. We aimed to determine the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with excess weight (EW), and within this group identify potential differences between those with and without GDM.MethodsWe carried out a post-hoc analysis of the St. Carlos Gestational Study which included 3312 pregnant women, arranged in 3 groups: normal-weight women (NWw) (2398/72.4%), overweight women (OWw) (649/19.6%) and obese women (OBw) (265/8%). OWw and OBw were grouped as EW women (EWw). We analyzed variables related to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.ResultsThe relative risk (95% CI) for GDM was 1.82 (1.47 to 2.25; p<0.0001) for OWw, and 3.26 (2.45 to 4.35; p<0.0001) in OBw. Univariate analysis showed associations of EW to higher rates of prematurity, birth weight >90th centile, newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), instrumental delivery and cesarean delivery (all p<0.005). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for parity and ethnicity, showed that EW increased the risk of prematurity, admission to NICU, cesarean and instrumental delivery, especially in EWw without GDM. NWw with GDM had a significantly lower risk of admission to NICU and cesarean delivery, compared with NWw without GDM.ConclusionsEW is detrimental for pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, and treatment of GDM contributes to lowering the risk in EWw and NWw. Applying the same lifestyle changes to all pregnant women, independent of their weight or GDM condition, could improve these outcomes.
Mining routinely collected acute data to reveal non-linear relationships between nurse staffing levels and outcomes
Authors: Leary Alison , Cook Rob , Jones Sarahjane , Smith Judith , Gough Malcolm , Maxwell Elaine , Punshon Geoffrey , Radford Mark 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesNursing is a safety critical activity but not easily quantified. This makes the building of predictive staffing models a challenge. The aim of this study was to determine if relationships between registered and non-registered nurse staffing levels and clinical outcomes could be discovered through the mining of routinely collected clinical data. The secondary aim was to examine the feasibility and develop the use of ‘big data’ techniques commonly used in industry for this area of healthcare and examine future uses.SettingThe data were obtained from 1 large acute National Health Service hospital trust in England. Routinely collected physiological, signs and symptom data from a clinical database were extracted, imported and mined alongside a bespoke staffing and outcomes database using Mathmatica V.10. The physiological data consisted of 120 million patient entries over 6 years, the bespoke database consisted of 9 years of daily data on staffing levels and safety factors such as falls.Primary and secondary outcomesTo discover patterns in these data or non-linear relationships that would contribute to modelling. To examine feasibility of this technique in this field.ResultsAfter mining, 40 correlations (p<0.00005) emerged between safety factors, physiological data (such as the presence or absence of nausea) and staffing factors. Several inter-related factors demonstrated step changes where registered nurse availability appeared to relate to physiological parameters or outcomes such as falls and the management of symptoms. Data extraction proved challenging as some commercial databases were not built for extraction of the massive data sets they contain.ConclusionsThe relationship between staffing and outcomes appears to exist. It appears to be non-linear but calculable and a data-driven model appears possible. These findings could be used to build an initial mathematical model for acute staffing which could be further tested.