bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation of the Cretaceous through Miocene Section, Barcoo Sub-basin, Browse Basin, Northwest Shelf, Australia
Authors: Laitrakull Kasira , Weimer Paul , Bouroullec Renaud 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Browse Basin is one of four major sedimentary basins along the Northwest Shelf of Australia; large portions remain largely unexplored. The study area is located in the Barcoo sub-basin, which was a major depocenter of the Browse Basin. The sequence stratigraphic framework for Cretaceous through middle Miocene strata was developed to evaluate the stratigraphic trap potential of the basin. Analysis was based on the interpretation of 11,800 km of 2D seismic and log data from four exploration wells. Six second-order mega-sequences were recognized (145.5-112.0, 112.0-89.3, 89.3-65.5, 65.5-23.0, 23.0-19.0 and 19.0-14.2 Ma). Each mega-sequence was further subdivided into two to seven third-order depositional sequences; each of these sequences was defined and summarized with structural, isochron, seismic facies, and geologic facies analyses.
The Base Cretaceous through top Turonian strata were dominated by a major progradational-aggradational siliciclastic margin, with up to 40 km of progradation to the northwest. The sediments changed regionally, from the southeast to northwest, from coastal plain environments to shallow marine environment to the slope and base-of-slope. Potential reservoir sands are present in delta front, lower- through shoreface, fluvial mouth bars, as well as onlapping deepwater deposits and isolated channel-levee systems within the slope setting.
A major transgression occurred during the Late Cretaceous and the margin backstepped considerably. The Cenozoic section also prograded to the northwest, but is considerably thinner than the underlying Cretaceous strata, and is less prospective due to shallow burial, and lack of traps. To date, no fields have been discovered or developed within the study area. However, at least 18 leads in the deepwater Cretaceous strata were identified for further evaluation.
A Methodology of Well Abandoning in Offshore Field
Authors: Marbun Bonar Tua Halomoan , Cahyoniarso Bambang , Sinaga S.Z. , Kurnia H.A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Every living creature has their very own life cycle: born, growth, and death. These are also applied to all oil, gas, and geothermal wells. Starting from the drilling of the well, the production of the reservoir fluids, and finally the plugging and the abandonment of the well.
During the life cycle, wells will eventually encounter problems. These problems might be caused by many aspects including cement problems, wrong casing setting depth selection, compaction, and formation subsidence and this has happened to one of the wells at the X field, Indonesia.
The X field is located in Indonesia. The TVD of well Y in field X is Y7 ft SS with a mud line depth of 89 ft. The A1 formation which is located above the pay zone has experienced subsidence caused by the production process. This event has severely damaged the cement, casing, and tubing in contact. Following the damaged cements, the casings are also damaged causing the gas leakage from the A1 formation to the surface. This problem has made the company aware of the risks involved if the production of the formation continues.
The solution recommended for the company is plug and abandon using squeeze cementing and cement plug. Leaking casings will be repaired by using squeeze cementing. The cement used for the abandoning practice will be expanding cement which has been added with pure MgO or CaO.

Introduction
It all starts from geologist finding anticlines or any other potential traps for hydrocarbon to accumulate. Seismic tests are conducted on each potential discovery. Exploration drilling will eventually be done after that to certain depths to compromise the existence of any potential hydrocarbon zones. Logging, coring, well testing and all other test were done to gather data for simulation studies. When reservoir engineers compromise that the well is profitable to produce then development wells are drilled and mass production starts.
Producing a well involves depleting the pressure inside the pores (exceptions for wells with EOR) of the producing zones. This means every second of this process will eventually shorten the age of the well waiting for problems to occur. These problems could involve sand, casing damage, or cement cracking. Many other problems involve stresses that are exposed to the cement jobs during the production phase. By time these cement jobs will eventually crack and collapse and will eventually be remediated using secondary cementing that will cost the company lots of money to continue on with their operations.
Cement problems are caused by many aspects from the drilling phase to the production phase. One of the main problems is subsidence of the formation underneath the platform. This will result in cement cracking, casing failure, and after that tubing buckling. The cracking of the cement is one the major concerns in oil and gas industry.
Reducing Gas Flaring by Improving Turndown Ratio of Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Al-Azmi Falah Mutiaz , Parikh Chirag Ashwinkumar 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Oil and Gas Gathering and Processing facilities at West Kuwait field of Kuwait Oil Compnay operates turbine driven multistage (LP/HP) centrifugal compressor for transportation of produced gas. The main challenge for these facilities is to operate it at lower production capacities at many instaces due to various reasons. The crude oil processing units of these facilities were able to operate smoothly for as low as 25% of design capacity. However, the turn down ratio for gas compressors was limited to 55%. This limitation was resulting in offloading of compressor and subsequent gas flaring when facility was operated at lower production rates.
The main reason for compressor offload was availability of single Anti-surge control valve & control system to prevent surge and also to control capacity. This was limiting the lower operating range of compressor. The non-availability of required High Pressure or Low Pressure Gas was resulting in frequent opening of Anti-surge valve which was offloading HP stage of compressor. A modification was done to install a recycle valve in parallel to Anti-surge valve. Moreover, a control system was also modified for independent control of compressor capacity. This has significantly increased the turndown ratio of compressor.
This paper shares a field experience of limitation of compressor operating range without dedicated recycle valve for capacity control and provides guideline for designing and installing independent recycle control system for capacity control to increase lower operating range of centrifugal compressor. It was observed that actual turndown ratio of compressor improved from 55%to 20% after installing an independent recycle valve for capacity control. This improvement has increased capability to operate Gathering Centre at lower production rates without gas flaring.
The paper justifies need for installation of a dedicated recycle valve for capacity control in parallel to Anti surge valve to increase turndown ratio of multistage centrifugal compressor.
Flow Unit Characterization aided by Quantified Secondary Porosity Result from High Resolution LWD Images in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir; A Novel Approach
Authors: Bahukhandi Yogesh , Kar Somenath , Majumdar Chandan , Roy Dipanka Behari , Bhatt U.C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Heera field is one of the most prolific fields in the Mumbai offshore basin in India. The field belongs to one of the six tectonic blocks (Heera-Panna-Basseinn block) of Mumbai offshore basin. Carbonates are by far the major contributor in terms of hydrocarbon production in this field. Presence of Vugs, Fractures and Solution enhanced features makes it a real challenging job to understand the porosity distribution within this reservoir. Characterizing and quantifying the complex secondary porosity profile and identifying different flow unit is immensely important for production optimization and appropriate completion design. The challenge of understanding the porosity heterogeneity of Carbonate reservoir further increases where critical borehole condition averts the possibility of running high resolution Wireline imaging tool.
A novel approach has been taken for the first time in this field to quantify and characterize the secondary porosity distribution and permeability prediction from high resolution LWD Resistivity Image. Good quality LWD Resistivity Image has been processed using advance processing software and a quantified result of secondary porosity spectrum was obtained using robust algorithm. This quantified secondary porosity result is further utilized to characterize the different high resolution flow unit throughout the borehole.
This paper illustrates a case study where quantified result of secondary porosity and estimated permeability has been derived using LWD resistivity image in conjunction with the openhole measurements. Micro-facies variation in terms of fluid flow characterization, size & nature of vugs and laminated beds has been established. This will lead to accurate completion designing for production optimization. The result was then validated with the secondary porosity derived from the high resolution Wireline Image and Mobility data from samplingtool.
In a nutshell, this work opens a new regime of application of LWD image in terms of advance Geological and Petrophysical interpretation in addition to its other benefits like borehole stability and Geosteering capability.
Design a Model for Natural Gas Value Chain with Creative Industry Cluster with Market Viewpoint
Authors: Mousaei Ahmad 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Oil and gas value chain is included exploration (seismic survey, exploratory wells, logging, and data interpretation), extraction (drilling wells (productive / dry)), production (well completion and treatment and processing), transportation (pipelines, LNG carriers, CNG carriers), storage (reservoirs, aquifers, salt caverns), distribution (distribution through local distribution companies to end users), and marketing (physical and financial trading and retailing).
At this paper, a model was developed for value chain of natural gas. This model based on market viewpoint for creative industry cluster after distribution stage. It was included two groups, one of them is direct consumption as a fuel (e.g. CNG, GTL, LNG, DME, NG (city gas), and power gas) and the other one is indirect consumptions such as methane (ammonia and methanol clusters), ethane (ethylene cluster), propane (propylene cluster), butane (butane and butadiene clusters), sulfur, and condensed (naphtha (benzene and toluene clusters)).

Introduction
A business or industry cluster, as popularized by Michael Porter can take multiple forms depending on the depth and complexity, but majority clusters include: companies of a ready product or service of one industry or aligned industries, suppliers, financial institutions3. Such clusters affect competition among businesses in three ways: by increasing productivity of the companies in the cluster, by driving innovation in the field and by stimulating businesses in the field4. A cluster thus is a grouping of institutions/firms in a geographic proximity that leads to positive impact on the economy of the cluster and their growth. [1]
During the last decades, the underlying concept of value chain was subject to different influences and objectives. The origin of value chain analysis is discussed from two distinct traditions: the French 'filière concept' and Wallerstein's concept of a commodity chain. From both, a couple of derivatives have emerged. Well known is Porter's concept of the value chain, Gereffi's global commodity chain, and Humphrey's world economic triangle, whereas the last two were joined to the concept of the global value chain. [2]

Industrial Clusters
Clusters are groups of inter-related industries that drive wealth creation in a region, primarily through export of goods and services. The use of clusters as a descriptive tool for regional economic relationships provides a richer, more meaningful representation of local industry drivers and regional dynamics than do traditional methods. An industry cluster is different from the classic definition of industry sectors because it represents the entire value chain of a broadly defined industry from suppliers to end products, including supporting services and specialized infrastructure. Cluster industries are geographically concentrated and inter-connected by the flow of goods and services, which is stronger than the flow linking them to the rest of the economy. [3]
Improving Seismic Velocity Estimation Through Separation Of Seismic Diffractions And Specular Reflections
Authors: Alai Riaz , Zahir Mohd Hafizal Mad , Adnan Amar Ghaziah M. , Verschuur Eric D.J. 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
For optimized imaging and subsequent interpretation of subsurface structures, we need to estimate a velocity-depth model from seismic data records. To minimize the risk in oil and gas exploration, it is crucial to estimate the velocities very accurately, since they form the basis for generating reliable imaging results.
However if the earth's subsurface contains many complex discontinuities, the recorded data will contain a large amount of diffraction energy that may mask the accurate estimation of velocities primarily derived from specular reflections.
Several scientists have developed methodologies to separate diffraction data from specular reflections; in this paper we illustrate the successful application of the proposed method including many of its advantages in data processing, imaging and interpretation.
The separation of diffractions from specular reflections in seismic recorded data has several advantages. Although diffraction energy plays an important role in fault and fractures identification and characterization, initial data interpretation is often done on specular reflections for better understanding the mapping of subsurface structures and stratigraphy.
In the examples shown in this abstract, the main emphasis is on the improved velocity estimation on specular reflection data after diffraction energy has been suppressed. Especially in the velocity analysis phase, diffraction energy may mask the desired velocity information extracted from specular reflections. Of course, during the final imaging stage the original data is used again. Based on some data examples it will be illustrated that the suppression of diffraction energy clearly improves the velocity picking and, thereby, yields a more accurate estimation of the velocity-depth model.
The examples confirm that a systematic application of the methodology of separating seismic diffractions from the total recorded wave fields is essential and provides better control of locating faults and fractures optimally. On the other hand specular reflection imaging will be better interpretable.
Application of PSDM Imaging for Reservoir Characterisation in the Northern Malay Basin: A Case Study
Authors: Michel Loic , Flynn Mark John , Hoo Chee-Hau 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Seismic imaging in the northern Malay Basin frequently suffers due to the limitations imposed on Kirchoff Time Migration by the complexities of structure, lithology, stratigraphy and fluid effects that occur in the area (Reilly et al., 2008 and Ghosh et al., 2010). A recent Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) project not only enhanced the reservoir imaging, it also enabled the production of amplitude preserved volumes that were used to improve reservoir characterisation studies for gas-pay prediction.
Reservoir characterisation studies within 4 producing gas fields of the northern Malay Basin have successfully used offset stacks and seismic inversion products Acoustic Impedance (AI) and Poisson's Ratio (PR) to target gas-pay sands for development drilling. These sands display a weak type III AVO response. One field contains less of the type III AVO sand facies and displays lower seismic contrast; in an effort to improve reservoir prediction, the multi linear analysis EMERGE process was applied to generate target logs Volume of Sand, Porosity, Gas Saturation and Pay Flag. Although more successful in identifying pay sands, data quality issues hampered results. Shallow gas effects, such as amplitude absorption and time distortion of underlying reflectors - in addition to fault shadow effects, negatively impacted the pre-stack and post-stack data and the derivative inversion and EMERGE data. Although not a complex structural or velocity environment, PSDM processing was applied to 2 of the gas fields with the greatest data quality issues and generated improved pre- and post-stack data. The EMERGE process was re-run and delivered improved target attribute cubes. Simultaneously an inversion trial was run to test potential uplift in PSDM derived AI and PR data. The PSDM derived AI was of slightly better quality than the original while the PR was clearly superior; the data quality uplift is attributed predominantly to the improved PSDM pre-stack data input. Acoustic Impedance and to a lesser extent PR form significant inputs to the EMERGE multi-attribute process and full re-inversion of the PSDM data is under consideration to use in future characterisation studies.
Modeling of Permeability Destruction Caused by Fine Scaled Lamination of Deeply Buried Aeolian Sediments.
Authors: Strobel Joachin , Fatima Titte Nurul , Sill Otto 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Despite seemingly good reservoir quality as seen by routine core and log analyses, certain gas reservoirs composed of aeolian dunes from Lower Permian age at around 5000m depth show poor well test results with respect to deliverability and connected volume.
Core analysis of those reservoirs routinely shows porosity values around 10–15% and permeabilities around 100 mD. Even standard measurements of plugs at overburden condition show a reduction of permeability by only 10%. Irreducible water saturation is often reached and has values between 10 to 20%.
Samples of such lithofacies are characterized by pronounced lamination caused by strong grain size variation. Detailed oriented (directional) permeability analyses under overburden conditions focused on such laminated samples have been carried out. It shows that thin bedding/pronounced lamination causes a reduction of bed-vertical permeability by a factor of 2 at ambient but by a factor of 100 and more under overburden conditions.
Capillary pressure curves measured at overburden conditions show a strong increase in irreducible water saturation for densely laminated sections when compared to ambient conditions.
The effective permeability is therefore seen as a function of compaction, lamination count and orientation of sediment bodies in relation to the borehole.
Core data, together with relative sediment dip information from image logs was used to model and successfully predict well test results. The densely laminated sections are too fine to be observed by logging tools directly. A simple porosity threshold can be used, whereas below that threshold such a dense lamination is assumed. This threshold has to be established by calibration to core data and is not uniform. NMR data can be used to detect the high bound water signal from compacted thin laminations.
This logging method was successfully used to define the net reservoir section within a well. The exposed reservoir section was optimized by discriminating "net reservoir" based on the abundance of laminas. Incorporation of a lamination mechanism into a reservoir model yields an improved prediction.
Maximizing Ultimate Platform Recovery By Unlocking Unconventional Gas Reserves And Implementing A New Geologically Driven Drilling Strategy Arthit Offshore Gas Field, North Malay Basin, Gulf Of Thailand
Authors: Ionnikoff Yarick , Sirimongkolkitti Awirut , Sudibyo Totok , Pinyo Komon , Suyacom Kasinee , Kongkanoi Chompunoot , Suriyo Kullanan , Pukdeewuht Kannika , Yaekhajohn Anuphum 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
As the Arthit development team was reviewing the Arthit field in-place volume and production data, a new way of looking at the hydrocarbon traps emerged that helped understanding the hydrocarbon distribution and well performance whilst at the same time offered a new way to optimally develop the field's resources.
Integrating all geological, geophysical and petrophysical data with production information suggested that most of Arthit accumulations were located into combined structural-stratigraphic traps. Based on their structural configuration, those traps could be grouped into further categories that show distinct reservoir and fluid distributions in the various geological units. From then a trap style based resource assessment method was designed and fully integrated with the overall asset development workflow. When combined with reservoir geometry and direction statistics, a simple analysis of the trap configuration and orientation allows for a straight ranking of each prospect and also offers ways to de-risk development platforms and assists in optimizing the project economics by helping to define the optimal well spacing needed to maximize the gas resources. This concept has been recently successfully tested by Arthit development and infill wells in 2010.
This new way of looking and quantifying at the traps resulted in a net increase in gas resource of approximately 30% by unlocking combined traps volumes and it is strongly believed that more such prospective resources can be discovered in other fields within the Gulf of Thailand since the reservoirs often share similarities, such as narrow compartments, short stacked hydrocarbon columns and discrete reservoir bodies with poor connectivity.
This new workflow makes intensive use of the 3D integrated visualization, mapping and well planning software as it helped to significantly shorten turn-around time from prospect mapping, conceptual well planning to post-drill analysis. It has enabled a close cross-discipline co-operation and is being proactively pushed as a standard in PTTEP.