bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Methyl Lactate to Acrylates over Modified NaY Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi , Shibasaki-Kitakawa Naomi , Fujitani Tadahiro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The catalytic activity of alkali metal- and alkaline earth metal-modified NaY zeolites for production of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate from methyl lactate was investigated. The reaction pathways and the role of the alkali metals in acrylate production are discussed.
The economic implications of the Portsmouth protocol
Authors: Lambe Tosin , Frew Emma , Al-Janabi Hareth , Martin Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Background: The underpinning assumption of pay-for-performance (P4P) systems is that providers respond to financial incentives. However, in the UK, the impact of payment-by-results (PbR), a form of P4P, on care is unclear. The objective of this qualitative case study is to understand the local financial dynamics within a system that financially rewards clinical activities. Methods: Staff who acted as decision-makers in a hospital that implemented a quality improvement initiative—‘The Portsmouth Tonsillitis protocol’—were purposively sampled for semi-structured in-depth interviews in July 2014. The interview included questions about knowledge of the protocol, views on financial incentives and other motivations. Findings: Financial gains to the hospital motivated all the participants. Compared to clinicians, administrators were more concerned about the economic implications of their decisions on the hospital. The attitude of individual clinicians towards receiving monetary reward was unclear but they were unequivocal that professionalism, control over bed spaces and patient care were more important motivators of performance. Conclusion: Hospitals are not single entities with a unitary focus but consist of groups that sometimes have dissenting objectives. PbR may have created healthy competition between hospitals; such competition filtered down to clinical teams who vie for bed spaces and revenue with potentially unintended consequences on the wider productivity of the hospital.
Thin sole in cattle
Authors: Petrovski Kiro 
Published: November 2015

Lameness has long been one of the three major economic disorders, particularly in dairy cattle. Thin soles, excessive wear of the soles, are only one reason for lameness. Their occurrence varies from farm to farm. Outbreaks may occur on intensively managed dairy farms, particularly on pasture-based systems. However, the disorder has been recognised in housed dairy and feed-lotted beef cows. Typically, thin soles are seen in dairy cows in early lactation exposed to wet conditions at claw level and long walking distances. Abrasive material/s on the walking surfaces and feeding platforms usually speed up the process of excessive wear. Excessive sole wear may be expected in new or re-concreted milking parlours and yards. The new concrete is very abrasive. In such situations, more than half of the herd may develop lameness within a few weeks from exposure to the new/re-concreted area (popularly referred to as ‘new concrete disease’). Early signs of thin soles include a slow, painful gait. The walking style is often described as ‘walking on egg shells’. Milk production is lowered at individual cow and group level. On clinical examination the dorsal wall of the claw is short and the sole is flexible on thumb pressure. Haemorrhages in all claw zones may be present. The incidence of sole ulcers, white line disease, toe ulcers, subsolar abscess and osteitis of the third phalanx is often increased. Control should aim to prevent excessive wear, early detection of the affected cows and improve the claw horn quality. This article discusses the thin sole disorder not addressing that caused by over trimming.
Evaluation of vegetation types in the West Zagros
Authors: FAROUJI ATENA ESLAMI , KHODAYARI HAMED 
Published: November 2015

Farouji AE, Khodayari H. 2016. Evaluation of vegetation types in the West Zagros (Beiranshahr region as a case study), inLorestan Province, Iran. Biodiversita 17: 1-10. The accurate identification of plant communities and their distribution are classical tools for mapping and classification of plants. Plants are strongly sensitive against changing environmental conditions. Moreover, Iran has a special position in Asia which has been creating a diverse ecosystem. Close floristic studies are necessary for precise determination of diversity and uniformity. To determine plant species in different vegetation types in Beiran shahr region, modified multi-scale Whittaker plots were constructed. This studied area was about 20000 ha and located in Northwest to Southwest of Iran. Eighty-nine plots were made in different longitude and latitudes. The minimum and maximum heights were 1101 and 2489 m asl., respectively. Within each modified multi-scale plots, each species was explored. Of 608 species, 498 and 97 are belonging to dicotyledons and monocotyledons,Â and remained 13 species were Pteridophytes. As measured, Therophyte and Champhyte are the dominant and recessive form of life in studied area. Based on species of each plot and subplots, mean Jaccard's coefficient, number of unique species and mean unique species/plot were estimated for each vegetation type. It is obvious that there is a clear correlation between Slopes of the species-log area curve and Mean number of unique species per plot.
Floristic changes at Khersan Glacier Territory, Alamkuh Mountain, Central Alborz, North of Iran
Authors: KAVOUSI KOUROSH , NEJADSATARI TAHER , ASRI YUNES , EJTEHADI HAMID , KHAVARI-NEJAD RAMEZAN ALI 
Published: November 2015

Kavousi K, Nejadsattari T, Asri Y, Ejtehadi H, Khavari-Nejad RA. 2016. Floristic changes at Khersan Glacier Territory,Â Alamkuh Mountain, Central Alborz, North of Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 11-15. Extensive investigation in subnival-nival area aroundKhersan glacier moraine introduced 71 vascular plant species. From this list 43 species have been listed in Noroozi et al. (2011) in â€œsubnival-nival vascular plant species of Iran : a unique high mountain flora and its threat from climate warmingâ€ and the others are new for subnival-nival area of Iran. Among this plant list 31 species had introduced with Kotschy (1861a.), Bornmuller Â (1906), Melchior (1937), Klein (1982),Â
European researchers and the other is named for the first time from Khersan glacier territory. Many species suchas Astragalus macrosemius, Pseudocamelina kleinii, Crepis multicaulis subsp. congesta, Didymophysa fedtschenkoana and Drabamelanopus due to glacier condition have very sensitive habitat, vulnerable and only gathered from restrict area with conservation value.Vegetation change happened in many nival and subnival areas with upward movement in the same habitat and movement from loweraltitude at alpine towards summit in subnival and nival. Carex oreophila, Campanula stevenii, Bromus brachystachyus, Oxytropisimmersa, Erigeron uniflorus, Trachydium pauciradiatum, Scorzonera radicosa and some other species are surprisingly movement tosubnival area and many nival and subnival species such as Didymophysa aucheri, Didymophysa fedtschenkoana, Dracocephalumaucheri and Arabis caucasica have come significantly upward in nival. The movement is different in all side of Khersan glacier morainein north, south and the east (besise moraineÂ tongue) slops and limited with presence of soil natural generation and other ecological remarks. Limitation for soil generation starts at different altitude in northern, southern and eastern slopes of Khersan glacier valley. This study examined changes of flora in Khersan glacier territory during recent decades according to extensive data gathering, full list of Khersan glacier territory introduced Barbarea stricta, Draba melanopus, Pseudocamelina kleinii, Crepis multicaulis subsp. congesta as new report for flora of Iran and flora Iranica area.
Comparação da duração da carreira de filtração entre filtro lento com limpeza convencional e retrolavável
Authors: Michelan Denise Gois , Sens M L , Dalsasso R L 
Published: November 2015

<div><p class="SPabstract">A filtração lenta é uma técnica de tratamento de água para consumo humano bastante antiga, datada de 1804. Apesar de ser antiga, continua tendo significativa utilidade. O seu processo de tratamento se baseia na purificação de água, por meio do uso da areia como meio filtrante, para reter as impurezas. A proposta aqui apresentada está pautada na comparação da filtração lenta, entre formas de limpeza do meio filtrante: convencional ou por retrolavagem. A forma convencional ocorre por raspagem da superfície do meio filtrante, enquanto que por retrolavagem, se baseia no contra fluxo de água filtrada para expandir o meio filtrante, com consequente arraste das impurezas que ficaram retidas no meio filtrante e acima do mesmo, de modo a separar o meio filtrante das impurezas. A comparação ocorreu em função da duração da carreira de filtração dos filtros. Apesar do filtro lento com limpeza retrolavável ser considerado mais rápido durante a limpeza do meio filtrante, a duração média das carreiras de filtração foi de apenas 17 dias, isso pode ser indicador de que o perfil da camada filtrante continuou enriquecido de flora microbiana, necessário para a carreira de filtração seguinte, enquanto que o filtro lento com limpeza convencional teve duração de limpeza de aproximadamente, 50 vezes mais demorado do que o filtro lento com limpeza retrolavável. A duração média das carreiras de filtração, do filtro lento com limpeza convencional foi de 22 dias, sendo assim mais duradouras. </p></div>
Adaptação do Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA) como ferramenta de análise da salubridade do ambiente da Comunidade Saramém-Brejo Grande/SE
Authors: Albuquerque Marianna Martins , DALTRO FILHO JOSÉ 
Published: November 2015

<div><p class="SPabstract">À luz da dimensão do desenvolvimento sustentável que busca assegurar o direito a um ambiente saudável e a saúde da população através de um saneamento ambiental de qualidade, foi elaborado um estudo sobre a salubridade ambiental da comunidade rural Saramém, no município de Brejo Grande no Estado de Sergipe, tendo como objetivo principal a análise da influência da salubridade ambiental em seu conjunto habitacional e em sua população, através da adaptação do Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA). Denominado aqui de ISA/SAR, esta adequação à realidade estudada do modelo de indicador ISA utilizou-se dos seguintes sub-indicadores: Sub-Indicador de Abastecimento de água, Sub-Indicador de Esgotamento Sanitário, Sub-Indicador de Resíduos Sólidos, Sub-Indicador de Saúde Pública, Sub-Indicador de Características da Moradia, Sub-Indicador de Satisfação com a Moradia e o Entorno, Sub-Indicador de Espaço Público Comunitário e Sub-Indicador Sócio-Econômico. Os dados utilizados foram coletados em campo segundo diferentes fontes: numa amostra dos domicílios da comunidade e em órgãos públicos municipais e estaduais. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a rede de infraestrutura de saneamento ambiental existente na comunidade Saramém interfere negativamente na mesma, produzindo um ambiente com baixa salubridade, afetando assim a saúde de sua população e demonstrando a urgência de uma intervenção por parte do Poder Público, bem como de uma atitude mais ativa de sua população quanto a compreensão de sua responsabilidade para a manutenção da saúde do ambiente em que habitam e de sua própria. </p></div>
Characterization of zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) antibodies in autoimmune diabetic patients from Argentinian population using monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric ZnT8 antigen variants
Authors: Faccinetti Natalia I , Guerra Luciano L , Penas Steinhardt Alberto , Iacono Ruben F , Frechtel Gustavo D , Trifone Liliana , Poskus Edgardo , Trabucchi Aldana , Valdez Silvina N 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveIn order to gain further knowledge of the structure of zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) epitopes, we studied the role of the amino acid at position 325 in the antigen and its dimeric conformation for autoantibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) recognition.MethodsFor this purpose, several ZnT8 C-terminal domain variants were designed: monomer carrying Arg325 or Trp325, homo-dimers ZnT8-Arg–Arg325 and ZnT8-Trp–Trp325, and hetero-dimer ZnT8-Arg–Trp325. Two groups of Argentinian diabetic patients were subjected to analysis using [35S]-ZnT8 variants by radioligand binding assay (RBA): i) 100 new-onset, insulin-dependent, type 1 diabetic patients and ii) 282 slowly progressing to insulin requirement, non-obese adult-onset diabetic patients. In addition, 50 type 1 diabetic patients and 100 normal control sera provided by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were evaluated in order to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of ZnT8A assays for each antigenic variant. Other routine β-cell autoantibodies were also tested by RBA.ResultsOf the 100 Argentinian type 1 diabetic patients, 65 were ZnT8A+. Out of them, 8 patients recognized all recombinant forms of ZnT8 and most patients (56) reacted against the heterodimer. Additionally, out of 282 non-obese adult-onset diabetic patients 46 were ZnT8A+, whereas 29 patients recognized only dimers. Besides, exclusive reactivity against ZnT8A was found in 9.0% for type 1 diabetes mellitus and 10.3% for non-obese adult-onset diabetic patients.ConclusionsSignificantly higher signal values in RBA were obtained with the heterodimeric variant. An increased detection of humoral autoimmunity was found in both groups when ZnT8A was employed in combination with the other β-cell autoantibodies. The inclusion of homodimeric immunoreactive peptides revealed the existence of quaternary structure-defined epitopes probably resembling the actual state of the autoantigenin vivo. Finally, the differential profiles of ZnT8A exhibited by type 1 and non-obese adult-onset diabetic patients suggest the different nature of autoimmune processes underlying both pathologies.
Functional Conservation of the Glide/Gcm Regulatory Network Controlling Glia, Hemocyte, and Tendon Cell Differentiation in Drosophila
Authors: Cattenoz Pierre B , Popkova Anna , Southall Tony D , Aiello Giuseppe , Brand Andrea H , Giangrande Angela 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
High-throughput screens allow us to understand how transcription factors trigger developmental processes, including cell specification. A major challenge is identification of their binding sites because feedback loops and homeostatic interactions may mask the direct impact of those factors in transcriptome analyses. Moreover, this approach dissects the downstream signaling cascades and facilitates identification of conserved transcriptional programs. Here we show the results and the validation of a DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) genome-wide screen that identifies the direct targets of Glide/Gcm, a potent transcription factor that controls glia, hemocyte, and tendon cell differentiation in Drosophila. The screen identifies many genes that had not been previously associated with Glide/Gcm and highlights three major signaling pathways interacting with Glide/Gcm: Notch, Hedgehog, and JAK/STAT, which all involve feedback loops. Furthermore, the screen identifies effector molecules that are necessary for cell-cell interactions during late developmental processes and/or in ontogeny. Typically, immunoglobulin (Ig) domain–containing proteins control cell adhesion and axonal navigation. This shows that early and transiently expressed fate determinants not only control other transcription factors that, in turn, implement a specific developmental program but also directly affect late developmental events and cell function. Finally, while the mammalian genome contains two orthologous Gcm genes, their function has been demonstrated in vertebrate-specific tissues, placenta, and parathyroid glands, begging questions on the evolutionary conservation of the Gcm cascade in higher organisms. Here we provide the first evidence for the conservation of Gcm direct targets in humans. In sum, this work uncovers novel aspects of cell specification and sets the basis for further understanding of the role of conserved Gcm gene regulatory cascades.