bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen boosted adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy to treat solid tumors
Authors: Xin Gang , Schauder David M. , Jing Weiqing , Jiang Aimin , Joshi Nikhil S. , Johnson Bryon , Cui Weiguo 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, insufficient migration, and reduced effector function of tumor-specific T cells are the main hurdles that hamper the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating solid tumors. In this study, we combined the strength of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and pathogen-based cancer vaccine and developed an innovative strategy, Reenergized ACT (ReACT), to treat solid tumors. ReACT uses a pathogen not only to break the immunosuppression, but also to drive the expansion and migration of tumor-specific T cells to the site of the tumor. With this combinatorial approach, we have demonstrated that ReACT enhances antitumor efficacy in comparison with either ACT or pathogen-based cancer vaccine alone in primary tumor eradication and offers long-term protection against reoccurrence in preclinical cancer models.
Quantum entanglement for systems of identical bosons: I. General features
Authors: Dalton B J , Goold J , Garraway B M , Reid M D 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
These two accompanying papers are concerned with two mode entanglement for systems of identical massive bosons and the relationship to spin squeezing and other quantum correlation effects. Entanglement is a key quantum feature of composite systems in which the probabilities for joint measurements on the composite sub-systems are no longer determined from measurement probabilities on the separate sub-systems. There are many aspects of entanglement that can be studied. This two-part review focuses on the meaning of entanglement, the quantum paradoxes associated with entangled states, and the important tests that allow an experimentalist to determine whether a quantum state—in particular, one for massive bosons is entangled. An overall outcome of the review is to distinguish criteria (and hence experiments) for entanglement that fully utilize the symmetrization principle and the super-selection rules that can be applied to bosonic massive particles. In the first paper (I), the background is given for the meaning of entanglement in the context of systems of identical particles. For such systems, the requirement is that the relevant quantum density operators must satisfy the symmetrization principle and that global and local super-selection rules prohibit states in which there are coherences between differing particle numbers. The justification for these requirements is fully discussed. In the second quantization approach that is used, both the system and the sub-systems are modes (or sets of modes) rather than particles, particles being associated with different occupancies of the modes. The definition of entangled states is based on first defining the non-entangled states—after specifying which modes constitute the sub-systems. This work mainly focuses on the two mode entanglement for massive bosons, but is put in the context of tests of local hidden variable theories, where one may not be able to make the above restrictions. The review provides the detailed arguments necessary for the conclusions of a recent paper, where the question of how to rigorously demonstrate the entanglement of a two-mode Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) has been examined. In the accompanying review paper (II), we consider spin squeezing and other tests for entanglement that have been proposed for two-mode bosonic systems. We apply the approach of review (I) to determine which tests, and which modifications of the tests, are useful for detecting entanglement in massive bosonic (BEC), as opposed to photonic, systems. Several new inequalities are derived, a theory for the required two-mode interferometry is presented, and key experiments to date are analyzed.
The Association of Dry Eye Symptom Severity and Comorbid Insomnia in US Veterans
Authors: Galor Anat , Seiden Benjamin E. , Park Jasmine J. , Feuer William J. , McClellan Allison L. , Felix Elizabeth R. , Levitt Roy C. , Sarantopoulos Constantine D. , Wallace Douglas M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the association between dry eye (DE) and insomnia symptom severity.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study of 187 individuals seen in the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. An evaluation was performed consisting of questionnaires regarding insomnia (insomnia severity index [ISI]) and DE symptoms, including ocular pain, followed by a comprehensive ocular surface examination. Using a two-step cluster analysis based on intensity ratings of ocular pain, the patient population was divided into two groups (high and low ocular pain groups: HOP and LOP). A control group was ascertained at the same time from the same clinic as defined by no symptoms of DE (Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 [DEQ5], <6). The main outcome measure was the frequency of moderate or greater insomnia in the DE groups.

Results:
The mean age of the study sample was 63 years, and 93% were male. All insomnia complaints were rated higher in the HOP group compared with the LOP and control groups (P<0.0005). Most (61%) individuals in the HOP group experienced insomnia of at least moderate severity (ISI≥15) compared with the LOP (41%) and control groups (18%) (P<0.0005). Black race (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–6.0; P=0.02), depression severity (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3; P<0.0005), and DE symptom severity (DEQ5; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.2; P=0.03) were significantly associated with clinical insomnia (ISI≥15) after controlling for potential confounders.

Conclusions:
After adjusting for demographics and medical comorbidities, we show that DE symptom severity is positively associated with insomnia severity.
Crescentic Tuck in Lamellar Keratoplasty—A Novel Technique in a Case of Advanced Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration
Authors: Arora Ritu , Manudhane Aditi , Jain Parul , Goyal Jawahar Lal 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To describe a new surgical technique “crescentic tuck in lamellar keratoplasty” for the management of advanced pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD).

Methods:
A 45-year-old man with advanced PMCD and maximal thinning in the inferior juxtalimbal periphery underwent a crescentic lamellar keratoplasty in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 6/60 with no further improvement because of severe irregular astigmatism. Thinnest pachymetry in the peripheral cornea was 280 μm. Peripheral crescent-shaped lamellar corneal dissection of 3.5-mm width was performed, and an intrastromal pocket was fashioned from 4 to 8 O'clock, extending beyond limbus. A crescent-shaped donor corneal button of 3.5-mm width was denuded of its endothelium and beveled in inferior periphery to create a flange. The flange was tucked into the peripheral scleral pocket. The donor graft was secured to the host bed using 10-0 nylon interrupted sutures.

Results:
Donor cornea integrated with the host bed over time and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 1 year improved to 6/9 with –1.25/–3.5 D × 90°. The simK (simulated keratometry) changed from 41.6/56.3 diopters (D) to 45.1/50.6 D. The astigmatism reduced from 14.6 D to 5.5 D.

Conclusion:
Crescentic tuck in lamellar keratoplasty provides good apposition of the donor lenticule and tectonic support to the peripheral thin cornea while preserving the peripheral limbal stem cells. Additionally, there is a significant reduction in the astigmatism, resulting in visual improvement.
Functional rehabilitation in advanced intraoral cancer
Authors: Barret Juan P. , Roodenburg Jan L. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction:
Modern treatment of advanced intraoral cancer involves multidisciplinary teams with use of complicated reconstructive techniques to provide improved survival with optimal rehabilitation. Mastication is an important part of this process, and it can be severely impaired by tumor ablation. Whether flap reconstruction is a determinant factor in dental rehabilitation is still in debate.

Patients and methods:
Thirty-five patients with advanced intraoral cancer were reviewed to determine dental rehabilitation of different reconstructive techniques. The patients were treated with a multidisciplinary team approach. The patients’ demographics, primary treatment, reconstructive surgery, dental rehabilitation, and functional outcome were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Nine patients had Stadium III disease, and 26 patients had stadium IV. Thirty-two patients (91.42%) received postoperative radiotherapy. Masticatory and dental functional rehabilitation of patients was very poor. Only 15 patients (42.86%) could eat a normal diet, whereas 18 patients (51.42%) could manage only soft diets, and 2 patients (5.72%) could only be fed with a liquid diet. Denture rehabilitation was even more frustrating and had a direct impact on masticatory rehabilitation. Only 10 patients (28.57%) could use dentures postoperatively and 40% of patients (14 patients) could not use any denture at all. Above all reconstructive techniques, the free radial forearm flap provides the best functional outcome.

Conclusions:
Reconstruction of advanced intraoral cancer results in poor denture rehabilitation, especially when bulky flaps are used. If massive resections are necessary, the free radial forearm flap reconstruction provides the best functional outcome.
Comparison of Impact of Monocular and Integrated Binocular Visual Fields on Vision-related Quality of Life
Authors: Chun Yeoun Sook , Lee Dong Ik , Kwon Jaein , Park In Ki 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and mean deviation (MD) of the monocular visual field and integrated binocular visual field (IBVF).

Methods:
One hundred eighty VFs (90 pairs) obtained from 90 patients with normal tension glaucoma were included. VRQOL was evaluated using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). IBVF was calculated using maximal sensitivity and binocular summation and IBVF MD was calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of IBVF deficit on VRQOL after adjusting for confounding factors. These results were compared to those of monocular visual field.

Results:
Mean subject age was 59.4 years. The average MD of maximal sensitivity was significantly higher than that of binocular summation, the better eye, and the worse eye (−3.27, −3.78, −3.96, and −8.66 dB, respectively, P<0.001). Rasch-analyzed NEI VFQ-25 subscales and composite scores were significantly correlated with IBVF deficit. The impact that IBVF had on VRQOL was similar to that of the better eye (R
2 of 0.431, 0.422, and 0.422 for MD of the better eye, binocular summation, and maximal sensitivity, respectively). In contrast, the worse eye showed the least correlation with VRQOL (0.363).

Conclusions:
The impact of IBVF on VRQOL was similar to that of the better eye irrespective of integration method. Therefore, better eye MD could be a good indicator for VRQOL.
Adverse Events Following Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: A Comparison of Surgical Approach
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Littlefield Philip D. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
Compare complications of vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection by surgical approach.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
The 2008 to 2013 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

Patients:
Adult patients with VS resection by an otolaryngologist.

Interventions:
VS resection via transtemporal (TT), retrosigmoid (RS), or middle cranial fossa (MCF) approaches.

Main Outcome Measures:
Hearing preservation approaches were compared with hearing sacrificing approaches. Demographics and intraoperative factors were analyzed to identify predictors of medical and surgical complications, return to the operating room, and death. The effect of trainee presence was evaluated with respect to complications, operative length, and hospital length of stay.

Results:
One hundred eleven VS resections were identified. Patients were predominantly women (57%) and older than 50 years (69%). The TT approach accounted for 50% of the cases, while RS (36%) and MCF (14%) were less common. The risk of any postoperative complication was 17%. There were no patient deaths. There was no difference in the overall complication rate among surgical approaches, nor in the overall, surgical, or medical complication rates between hearing preservation and hearing sacrificing approaches. Trainee presence did not change operation length, hospital length of stay, or complication rates.

Conclusions:
Complication rates of VS resection are no different when comparing TT, RS, or MCF approaches. Trainee involvement did not significantly affect complications. This study is limited by the inability to evaluate procedure-specific variables (e.g., facial nerve weakness and hearing preservation rates), but offers a unique survey of global 30-day complication rates reported to a large, multi-institutional, publically available database.
Genital and Extragenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Children and Adolescents Evaluated for Sexual Abuse
Authors: Kellogg Nancy D. , Melville John D. , Lukefahr James L. , Nienow Shalon M. , Russell Edward L. 
Published: January 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the use of a nucleic acid amplification test in detecting genital and extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in children and adolescents assessed for sexual abuse/assault.

Methods
The charts of children aged 0 to 17 years, consecutively evaluated for sexual victimization, in emergency department and outpatient settings were reviewed. Data extracted included age, sex, type of sexual contact, anogenital findings, previous sexual contact, toxicology results, and sites tested for NG and CT.

Results
Of the 1319 patients who were tested, 579 were tested at more than 1 site, and 120 had at least 1 infected site. Chlamydia trachomatis was identified in 104 patients, and NG was found in 33. In bivariate analysis, a positive test was associated with female sex, age older than 11 years, previous sexual contact, acute or healed genital injury, drug/alcohol intoxication, and examination within 72 hours of sexual contact. Fifty-one patients had positive anal tests, and 24 had positive oral tests. More than 75% of patients with positive extragenital tests had additional positive tests or anogenital injury. Most with a positive anal (59%) or oral (77%) test did not report that the assailant's genitals came into contact with that site.

Conclusions
Positive tests for NG and CT in patients evaluated for sexual victimization may represent infection from sexual contact, contiguous spread of infection, or the presence of infected assailant secretions. Relying on patient reports of symptoms, or types of sexual contact, to determine need for testing may miss NG and CT infections in patients evaluated for sexual victimization.
Clinical Applicability of Monitoring the Time Interval Between Anesthesia and Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Gálvez Verònica , Loo Colleen K. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The anesthetic–electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) time interval (time interval elapsed from the beginning of anesthesia injection to the beginning of ECT stimulus) has been reported to have an important impact on seizure quality outcomes, because it is an indirect measure of the anesthetic plasma concentration when the ECT electrical stimulus is administered. We report the importance of the routine monitoring of this time interval in clinical settings, as an additional measure to interpret seizure quality outcomes at each ECT session, to further assist on ECT dosing decisions during the treatment course.
Chirality and the angular momentum of light
Authors: Cameron Robert P. , Götte Jörg B. , Barnett Stephen M. , Yao Alison M. 
Published: January 2017

Chirality is exhibited by objects that cannot be rotated into their mirror images. It is far from obvious that this has anything to do with the angular momentum of light, which owes its existence to rotational symmetries. There is nevertheless a subtle connection between chirality and the angular momentum of light. We demonstrate this connection and, in particular, its significance in the context of chiral light–matter interactions.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
Optical angular momentum and atoms
Authors: Franke-Arnold Sonja 
Published: January 2017

Any coherent interaction of light and atoms needs to conserve energy, linear momentum and angular momentum. What happens to an atom’s angular momentum if it encounters light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM)? This is a particularly intriguing question as the angular momentum of atoms is quantized, incorporating the intrinsic spin angular momentum of the individual electrons as well as the OAM associated with their spatial distribution. In addition, a mechanical angular momentum can arise from the rotation of the entire atom, which for very cold atoms is also quantized. Atoms therefore allow us to probe and access the quantum properties of light’s OAM, aiding our fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions, and moreover, allowing us to construct OAM-based applications, including quantum memories, frequency converters for shaped light and OAM-based sensors.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
Recent advances in high-capacity free-space optical and radio-frequency communications using orbital angular momentum multiplexing
Authors: Willner Alan E. , Ren Yongxiong , Xie Guodong , Yan Yan , Li Long , Zhao Zhe , Wang Jian , Tur Moshe , Molisch Andreas F. , Ashrafi Solyman 
Published: January 2017

There is a continuing growth in the demand for data bandwidth, and the multiplexing of multiple independent data streams has the potential to provide the needed data capacity. One technique uses the spatial domain of an electromagnetic (EM) wave, and space division multiplexing (SDM) has become increasingly important for increased transmission capacity and spectral efficiency of a communication system. A subset of SDM is mode division multiplexing (MDM), in which multiple orthogonal beams each on a different mode can be multiplexed. A potential modal basis set to achieve MDM is to use orbital angular momentum (OAM) of EM waves. In such a system, multiple OAM beams each carrying an independent data stream are multiplexed at the transmitter, propagate through a common medium and are demultiplexed at the receiver. As a result, the total capacity and spectral efficiency of the communication system can be multiplied by a factor equal to the number of transmitted OAM modes. Over the past few years, progress has been made in understanding the advantages and limitations of using multiplexed OAM beams for communication systems. In this review paper, we highlight recent advances in the use of OAM multiplexing for high-capacity free-space optical and millimetre-wave communications. We discuss different technical challenges (e.g. atmospheric turbulence and crosstalk) as well as potential techniques to mitigate such degrading effects.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
Optical orbital angular momentum
Authors: Barnett Stephen M. , Babiker Mohamed , Padgett Miles J. 
Published: January 2017

We present a brief introduction to the orbital angular momentum of light, the subject of our theme issue and, in particular, to the developments in the 13 years following the founding paper by Allenet al.(Allenet al.1992Phys. Rev. A45, 8185 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185)). The papers by our invited authors serve to bring the field up to date and suggest where developments may take us next.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
In vitroassembly of the Rous Sarcoma Virus capsid protein into hexamer tubes under physiological conditions
Authors: Jaballah Soumeya A. , Bailey Graham D. , Desfosses Ambroise , Hyun Jaekyung , Mitra Alok K. , Kingston Richard L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTDuring a proteolytically-driven maturation process, the ortho-retroviral capsid protein (CA) assembles to form the convex shell that surrounds the viral genome. In some orthoretroviruses, including Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV), CA carries a short and hydrophobic spacer peptide (SP) at its C-terminus early in the maturation process, which is progressively removed as maturation proceeds. In this work, we show that RSV CA assemblesin vitroat physiological temperatures, forming hexamer tubes that effectively model the mature capsid surface. Tube assembly is strongly influenced by electrostatic effects, and is a nucleated process that remains thermodynamically favored at lower temperatures, but is effectively arrested by the large Gibbs energy barrier associated with nucleation. RSV CA tubes are multi-layered, being formed by nested and concentric tubes of capsid hexamers. However the spacer peptide acts as a layering determinant during tube assembly. If only a minor fraction of CA-SP is present, multi-layered tube formation is blocked, and single-layered tubes predominate. This likely prevents formation of biologically aberrant multi-layered capsids in the virion. The generation of single-layered hexamer tubes facilitated 3D helical image reconstruction from cryo-electron microscopy data, revealing the basic tube architecture.
Parasite escape through trophic specialization in a species flock
Authors: Hablützel Pascal I. , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Deschepper Pablo , Grégoir Arnout F. , Roose Anna K. , Volckaert Filip A.M. , Raeymaekers Joost A.M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn adaptive radiations species diversify rapidly to occupy an array of ecological niches. In these different niches, species might be exposed to parasites through different routes and at different levels. If this is the case, adaptive radiations should be accompanied by a turnover in parasite communities. How the adaptive radiation of host species might be entangled with such a turnover of parasite communities is poorly documented in nature. In the present study, we examined the intestinal parasite faunas of eleven species belonging to the tribe Tropheini, one of several adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika. The most parsimonious ancestral foraging strategy among Tropheini is relatively unselective substrate ingestion by browsing of aufwuchs. Certain lineages however evolved more specialized foraging strategies, such as selective combing of microscopic diatoms or picking of macro-invertebrates. We found that representatives of such specialized lineages bear reduced infection with intestinal acanthocephalan helminths. Possibly, the evolution of selective foraging strategies entailed reduced ingestion of intermediate invertebrate hosts of these food-web transmitted parasites. In Tropheini, trophic specialization is therefore intertwined with divergence in parasite infection. We conclude that the study of parasite communities could improve our understanding of host evolution, ecological speciation and the origin of adaptive radiations.