bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High level of persistent liver injury is one of clinical characteristics in treatment‐naïve acute onset autoimmune hepatitis: experience in a community hospital
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Seza Katsushi , Saito Masaya , Yasui Shin , Nakano Masayuki , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is, as yet, no gold standard for making the diagnosis of acute onset autoimmune hepatitis (A‐AIH). Novel histological characteristics have been reported, but etiologies other than AIH could show similar histological pattern. We attempted to determine what clinical characteristics we should consider as A‐AIH different from other etiologies, and to whom histological characteristics should be applied for the diagnosis.MethodsClinical, biochemical, immunological and pathological features of 46 patients (35 women, mean age 55.9 ± 14.2 years) with non‐severe A‐AIH admitted to a community hospital between 2001 and 2015 were analyzed.ResultsImmunoglobulin G level was normal in 28%, and anti‐nuclear antibody titer was < × 80 in 28%. Liver histology of 49% showed acute form and 51% chronic one. Centrilobular necrosis/collapse and/or plasma cell accumulation, rosette formation were characteristic for A‐AIH. High levels of alanine aminotranferase persisted in 21 patients who could be observed for equal to or more than 4 weeks before the start of treatment.ConclusionsLong persistence of high levels of alanine aminotransferase would be one of clinical features for considering A‐AIH along with conventional features. Histological diagnostic features should be applied for such patients. Guidelines for diagnosing A‐AIH should be urgently drawn up.
Indigenous Charcoal and Biochar Production: Potential for Soil Improvement under Shifting Cultivation Systems
Authors: Coomes Oliver T. , Miltner Benjamin C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBiochar offers potential for enhancing the agricultural productivity of degraded lands in the humid tropics. This paper reports on charcoal and biochar production among peasant farmers who practise shifting cultivation in the Peruvian Amazon. Using wood from secondary forest fallows, farmers produce charcoal for market in earthen mound kilns, also yielding biochar, as charcoal fines, which becomes incorporated into kiln site soils. Data were collected in a riverside community near Iquitos through interviews with farmers/charcoal producers, an inventory of kiln sites, a kiln audit of the charcoal production process, and soil sampling of kiln sites and adjacent paired control sites (depth: 15 cm). Our results indicate that kilns incorporate substantial quantities of biochar into local soils (Ultisols), as much as 30 tonnes each year on 0·4–0·8 ha of kiln sites. Additions of biochar and ash significantly enhance soil fertility by increasing organic C content, raising P and other nutrient concentrations, reducing acidity and exchangeable Al, and increasing soil porosity and friability. Organic C, N, Mg, Ca, and effective cation exchange capacity did not decrease significantly with increasing kiln site age, suggesting that heightened levels may persist for more than a decade after kilns are used. Farmers recognize the elevated fertility of kiln sites and cultivate in them annual and perennial crops, as well as use kiln soil and biochar off‐site, in home gardens, nursery beds, and planting holes. Our findings point to the potential of biochar to ameliorate soils and enhance forest recovery under shifting cultivation systems that integrate charcoal production into forest fallow‐based rotations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demonstration of local teleportation using classical entanglement
Authors: Guzman‐Silva Diego , Brüning Robert , Zimmermann Felix , Vetter Christian , Gräfe Markus , Heinrich Matthias , Nolte Stefan , Duparré Michael , Aiello Andrea , Ornigotti Marco , Szameit Alexander 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTeleportation describes the transmission of information without transport of neither matter nor energy. For many years, however, it has been implicitly assumed that this scheme is of inherently nonlocal nature, and therefore exclusive to quantum systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the concept of teleportation can be readily generalized beyond the quantum realm. We present an optical implementation of the teleportation protocol solely based on classical entanglement between spatial and modal degrees of freedom, entirely independent of nonlocality. Our findings could enable novel methods for distributing information between different transmission channels and may provide the means to leverage the advantages of both quantum and classical systems to create a robust hybrid communication infrastructure.
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Soil water stress co‐efficient for estimating actual evapotranspiration of maize in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lyra Gustavo Bastos , de Souza José Leonaldo , da Silva Eduardo Cabral , Lyra Guilherme Bastos , Teodoro Iedo , Ferreira‐Júnior Ricardo Araújo , de Souza Renan Cantalice 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral of the methods used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) consider the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to be affected by a soil water stress co‐efficient (Ks) such that ETa = Ks ETc. The aim of this study was to assess the ETa estimation in maize in Alagoas State (09 ° 38 ′ S and 36 ° 40 ′ W; 260 m msl) in northeastern Brazil using the method of the single crop co‐efficient from the FAO‐56 paper, combined with three different approaches to determine Ks. The Ks was expressed as either a linear (Ks,lin) or a logarithmic (Ks,log) function of the soil water depletion. Additionally, the method proposed in the FAO‐56 (Ks,FAO) was used when the impact was linear, but it was switched on after only one offset. Meteorological and soil water measurements were conducted in a maize crop from July to October 2005. The estimates of ETa were compared with the ETa determined from soil water balance. The ETa estimated with Ks,lin had the highest precision (r2 = 0.67) and accuracy (d = 0.89 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.67 mm d−1). However, the ETa determined from Ks,log (r2 = 0.41, d = 0.57 and RMSE = 1.69 mm d−1) or Ks,FAO (r2 = 0.46, d = 0.62 and RMSE = 1.73 mm d−1) was not estimated successfully. When the parameters of Ks,FAO were fitted to the local edaphoclimatic conditions, the precision (0.67) and accuracy (0.89 and 0.82 mm d−1) were similar to the estimates with Ks,lin but with a better performance for ETa > 3.0 mm d−1.
Capture‐based next‐generation sequencing reveals multiple actionable mutations in cancer patients failed in traditional testing
Authors: Xie Jing , Lu Xiongxiong , Wu Xue , Lin Xiaoyi , Zhang Chao , Huang Xiaofang , Chang Zhili , Wang Xinjing , Wen Chenlei , Tang Xiaomei , Shi Minmin , Zhan Qian , Chen Hao , Deng Xiaxing , Peng Chenghong , Li Hongwei , Fang Yuan , Shao Yang , Shen Baiyong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundTargeted therapies including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of cancer over past 10 years. Their therapeutic advantages are more tumor specific and with less side effects. For precisely tailoring available targeted therapies to each individual or a subset of cancer patients, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been utilized as a promising diagnosis tool with its advantages of accuracy, sensitivity, and high throughput.MethodsWe developed and validated a NGS‐based cancer genomic diagnosis targeting 115 prognosis and therapeutics relevant genes on multiple specimen including blood, tumor tissue, and body fluid from 10 patients with different cancer types. The sequencing data was then analyzed by the clinical‐applicable analytical pipelines developed in house.ResultsWe have assessed analytical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the NGS‐based molecular diagnosis. Also, our developed analytical pipelines were capable of detecting base substitutions, indels, and gene copy number variations (CNVs). For instance, several actionable mutations of EGFR, PIK3CA,TP53, and KRAS have been detected for indicating drug susceptibility and resistance in the cases of lung cancer.ConclusionOur study has shown that NGS‐based molecular diagnosis is more sensitive and comprehensive to detect genomic alterations in cancer, and supports a direct clinical use for guiding targeted therapy.
The age dependence of T2 relaxation times of N‐acetyl aspartate, creatine and choline in the human brain at 3 and 4T
Authors: Jiru F. , Skoch A. , Wagnerova D. , Dezortova M. , Viskova J. , Profant O. , Syka J. , Hajek M. 
Published: January 2016

Knowledge of the T2 age dependence is of importance for MRS clinical studies involving subject groups with a wide age range. A number of studies have focused on the age dependence of T2 values in the human brain, with rather conflicting results. The aim of this study was to analyze the age dependence of T2 values of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho) in the human brain using data acquired at 3T and 4T and to assess the influence of the macromolecule (MM) baseline handling on the obtained results.Two distinct groups of young and elderly controls have been measured at 3T (TE = 30–540 ms, 9 young and 11 elderly subjects) and 4T (TE = 10–180 ms, 18 young and 14 elderly subjects) using single‐voxel spectroscopy. In addition, MM spectra were measured from two subjects using the inversion‐recovery technique at 4T. All spectra were processed with LCModel using basis sets with different MM signals (measured or simulated) and also with MM signals included for a different TE range. Individual estimated T2 values were statistically analyzed using the R programming language for the age dependence of T2 values as well as the influence of the MM baseline handling.A significant decrease of T2 values of NAA and Cr in elderly subjects compared with young subjects was confirmed. The same trend was observed for Cho. Significantly higher T2 values calculated using the measured MM baseline for all studied metabolites at 4T were observed for both young and elderly subjects.To conclude, while the handling of MM and lipid signals may have a significant effect on estimated T2 values, we confirmed the age dependence of T2 values of NAA and Cr and the same trend for Cho in the human brain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous shape memory polymers: Design and applications
Authors: Hasan Sayyeda M. , Nash Landon D. , Maitland Duncan J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPorous shape memory polymers (SMPs) exhibit geometric and volumetric shape change when actuated by an external stimulus and can be fabricated as foams, scaffolds, meshes, and other polymeric substrates that possess porous three‐dimensional macrostructures. These materials have applications in multiple industries such as textiles, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, and aerospace. This review article examines recent developments in porous SMPs, with a focus on fabrication methods, methods of characterization, modes of actuation, and applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1300–1318
Choosing the best cropping systems to target pleiotropic effects when managing single‐gene herbicide resistance in grass weeds. A blackgrass simulation study
Authors: Colbach Nathalie , Chauvel Bruno , Darmency Henri , Délye Christophe , Le Corre Valérie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDManaging herbicide‐resistant weeds is becoming increasingly difficult. Here we adapted the weed dynamics model AlomySys to account for experimentally measured fitness costs linked to mutants of target‐site resistance to acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides in Alopecurus myosuroides. We ran simulations to test how effectively cultural practices manage resistance.RESULTSSimulations of an oilseed rape/winter wheat/winter barley rotation showed that, when replacing one of the seven applied herbicides with an ACCase‐inhibiting one, resistant mutants exceeded 1 plant m−2, with a probability of 40%, after an average of 18 years. This threshold was always exceeded when three or four ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides were used, after an average of 8 and 6 years respectively. With reduced herbicide rates or suboptimal spraying conditions, resistance occurred 1–3 years earlier in 50% of simulations. Adding spring pea to the rotation or yearly mouldboard ploughing delayed resistance indefinitely in 90 and 60% of simulations respectively. Ploughing also modified the genetic composition of the resistant population by selecting a previously rare mutant that presented improved pre‐emergent growth. The prevalence of the mutations was influenced more by their associated fitness cost or benefit than by the number of ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides to which they conferred resistance.CONCLUSIONSimulations allowed us to rank weed management practices and suggest that pleiotropic effects are extremely important for understanding the frequency of herbicide resistance in the population. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption on cone‐beam computed tomography: A retrospective study
Authors: Demirtas Omer , Tarim Ertas Elif , Dane Asim , Kalabalik Fahrettin , Sozen Emre 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectives: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption (PIR) in unerupted permanent teeth in a Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Method: A total of 1,317 CBCT images were screened. In all the images, the following were recorded: the number of unerupted teeth, number of teeth with intracoronal resorption, affected tooth type and number, and location of radiolucent defects. Demographic data were also obtained. Results: The prevalence of intracoronal resorption in the study group was 15.1%, with a prevalence in teeth of 3.5%. The prevalence of intracoronal resorption using CBCT was much higher than that recorded previously using panoramic or bitewing radiographs intracoronal resorption was more common in males (57%) than females (43%). Twenty‐three cases were located in the maxilla (48%), and 25 were located in the mandible (52%). The mandibular third molar was the most affected tooth type, followed by maxillary third molars and supernumerary teeth. Conclusion: CBCT can be useful for diagnosing PIR defects because it provides an accurate representation of internal dental anatomy. SCANNING 38:442–447, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of ultrasound, CaCl2 and STPP on the ultrastructure of the milk goat longissimus muscle fiber observed with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Gao Junpeng , Wang Ying , Liu Lu , Li Kaiyue , Zhang Sheqi , Zhu Jie 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of ultrasound bath intensity, CaCl2 and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) concentration on the ultrastructure of longissimus muscle fiber from milk goats. The sarcomere length was measured by atomic force microscopy. According to the results of AFM images, the sarcomere length is longest when the conditions were an intensity of 100 W ultrasound bath (42.77% increment), a concentration of 300 mM CaCl2 injection (44.68% increment) or 90 mM STPP injection (19.41% increment). Apart from the sarcomere length, the study put forward a potential index (roughness) to represent tenderness of meat which was treated by ultrasound bath. Among different methods, ultrasound bath was chosen as the preferred tenderization method. SCANNING 38:545–553, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust anonymous two‐factor authenticated key exchange scheme for mobile client‐server environment
Authors: Lu Yanrong , Li Lixiang , Peng Haipeng , Yang Yixian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWith the greatest advancement of information technology, mobile communication has become more widespread and prevalent. When a mobile user intends to enjoy the services offered by a remote server, he needs to be authenticated before constructing a session key with the corresponding server. Numerous authentication schemes have been provided with the purpose of validating the legitimacy of a mobile user. Recently, Xieet al.presented a modified two‐factor authenticated key exchange to eliminate the security flaws of Chenet al.Xieet al.claimed that the enhanced design was more secure than the design of Chenet al.Unfortunately, we identified that the proposed scheme by Xieet al.was insecure against user impersonation, insider and trace attacks and did fail to provide verification in login phase. To enhance the security and efficiency, we then proposed an anonymous authenticated key exchange scheme for mobile client‐server environment. We demonstrated that the proposed scheme was immune to many attacks including attacks observed in the scheme of Xieet al.We also use a formal proof, namely Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic, to analyze the proposed scheme. In addition, the proposed scheme possesses a lower computation overheads than the other related schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategien zur Vernetzung von Biobanken
Authors: Lablans Martin , Kadioglu Dennis , Mate Sebastian , Leb Ines , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Ückert Frank 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Nicht selten benötigt ein medizinisches Forschungsvorhaben mehr biologisches Material, als in einer einzigen Biobank verfügbar ist. Daher unterstützt eine Vielzahl von Strategien das Auffinden potentieller Forschungspartner mit passenden Proben, auch ohne dass diese zuvor in einer zentralisierten Sammlung zusammengeführt werden müssen.

Ziel
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Klassifizierung verschiedener Strategien zur Vernetzung von Biomaterialbanken, speziell zur Probensuche, sowie eine IT-Infrastruktur, die diese Ansätze kombiniert.

Material und Methoden
Bestehende Strategien lassen sich nach drei Kriterien klassifizieren: a) Granularität der Probendaten: grobe Daten auf Bankebene (Katalog) vs. feingranulare Daten auf Probenebene, b) Speicherort der Probendaten: zentrale (zentraler Suchdienst) vs. dezentrale Datenhaltung (föderierte Suchdienste) und c) Automatisierungsgrad: automatisch (abfragebasiert, föderierter Suchdienst) vs. halbautomatisch (anfragebasiert, dezentrale Suche). Alle genannten Suchdienste setzen eine Datenintegration voraus; dabei helfen Metadaten bei der Überwindung semantischer Heterogenität.

Ergebnisse
Der „Common Service IT“ in BBMRI-ERIC („Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium“) vereint einen Katalog, die dezentrale Suche und Metadaten in einer integrierten Plattform, um Forschern vielseitige Werkzeuge zur Suche nach passendem Probenmaterial zu geben und bei den Biobankern gleichzeitig ein hohes Maß an Datenhoheit zu bewahren.

Diskussion
Trotz ihrer Unterschiede schließen sich die vorgestellten Strategien zur Vernetzung von Biomaterialbanken gegenseitig nicht aus. Vielmehr lassen sie sich in gemeinsamen Forschungsinfrastrukturen sinnvoll ergänzen und sie können sogar voneinander profitieren.
Comparison of Bilateral Axillo‐Breast Approach Robotic Thyroidectomy with Open Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease
Authors: Kwon Hyungju , Yi Jin Wook , Song Ra‐Yeong , Chai Young Jun , Kim Su‐jin , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is an ongoing debate about whether robotic thyroidectomy (RT) is appropriate for Graves’ disease. The aim of this study was to compare the safety of bilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA) RT with that of open thyroidectomy (OT) in patients with Graves’ disease.MethodsFrom January 2008 to June 2014, 189 (44 BABA RT and 145 OT) patients underwent total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease. Recurrence of Graves’ disease, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and complication rates including recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and hypoparathyroidism were analyzed between BABA RT and OT groups, after propensity score matching according to age, gender, body mass index, surgical indication, the extent of operation, excised thyroid weight, and follow‐up period.ResultsNo patient experienced recurrence of Graves’ disease after median follow‐up of 35.0 months. Intraoperative blood loss (151.8 ± 165.4 mL vs. 134.5 ± 75.4 mL; p = 0.534) and hospital stay (3.4 ± 0.7 day vs. 3.3 ± 0.7 day; p = 0.564) were not different between BABA RT and OT groups. Complication rates including transient RLN palsy (11.4 vs. 11.4 %; p = 1.000), transient hypoparathyroidism (18.2 vs. 20.5 %; p = 0.787), permanent RLN palsy (0 vs. 2.3 %; p = 0.315), and permanent hypoparathyroidism (2.3 vs. 2.3 %; p = 1.000) were also comparable between groups.ConclusionsBABA RT for Graves’ disease showed comparable surgical completeness and complications to conventional OT. BABA RT can be recommended as an alternative surgical option for patients with Graves’ disease who are concerned about cosmesis.
The effect of constructing versus solving virtual patient cases on transfer of learning: a randomized trial
Authors: Tolsgaard Martin G. , Jepsen Rikke M.H.G. , Rasmussen Maria B. , Kayser Lars , Fors Uno , Laursen Lars C. , Svendsen Jesper H. , Ringsted Charlotte 
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of actively constructing virtual patient (VP) cases compared with solving VP cases on knowledge gains, skills transfer and time spent on cases. Forty-five fourth-year medical students were randomized to constructing (VP-construction, n = 23) or solving (VP-solving, n = 22) four cardiopulmonary VP cases. Whereas the VP-solving group solved the cases, the VP-construction group only received the final diagnosis and had to complete the history, physical findings, and lab results. After a week, participants completed a transfer test involving two standardized patients representing cardiopulmonary cases. Performances on the transfer test were video-recorded and assessed by two blinded raters using the Reporter, Interpreter, Manager, Educator (RIME) framework. Thirty-nine participants completed the transfer test. The VP-construction group spent significantly more time on the VP cases compared with the VP-solving group, p = 0.002. There were no significant differences in RIME scores between the VP-construction group and VP-solving group, p = 0.54.
In conclusion, engaging novice students in active VP case construction may be more time consuming than solving VP cases, without resulting in superior skills transfer.
Innovating the practice of medical speciality training
Authors: Fokkema Joanne P.I. 
Published: January 2016

Educational innovations are being introduced into medical speciality training. But how do people who participate in medical speciality training (residents, consultants, programme directors) deal with these innovations? And what effects do educational innovations have according to these people?
By addressing these questions, this thesis contributes to the knowledge about the challenging process of innovating medical speciality training.