bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediation-bemiddeling en ‘best practices’ in Vlaanderen en Nederland
Authors: de Roo Annie , Verbist Herman 
Published: January 2018

TMD Workshop Mediation and best practices in Belgium and the Netherlands
On 19 October 2017 the TMD editorial board organised a workshop fully devoted to the (ir)relevance of best practices in mediation. The workshop, which took place in Brussels in the framework of the Belgian annual Mediation Week, was chaired by Annie de Roo and Herman Verbist who addressed the invited workshop speakers with various questions, starting with the basic, but fundamental question: ‘Is there a need for best practices in mediation?’ Followed by the question: ‘Is there a practice of mediation best practices in Belgium and the Netherlands, and if so, by whom, what are these best practices drawn up? Another question focussed on the possible link between best practices and mediation rules. Judith Simon-Emaus, director of the Mediator Federation Netherlands bureau, pointed out how best practices can contribute to furtherance of the mediator profession, which is also emphasised in her contribution ‘The MfN-register: a quality mark partly due to best practices’. Christine Jacobs, accredited mediator to the Belgian Federal Mediation Committee, approached the theme out of the perspective of the parties. She emphasised that it is essential that the mediator always takes the needs of the parties in dispute as the starting point for how to proceed in mediation. In other words, there is no such thing as a best mediation practice. She returns to this viewpoint in her contribution ‘Best practices in Vlaanderen?’ A more radical stance was taken by Helena De Backer, accredited mediator to inter alia the Belgian Federal Mediation Committee and the International Mediation Institute. She is of the opinion that if mediation (profession) has a statutory basis, there is no need for best practices. Marc Simon Thomas, stresses that the purpose of introducing best practices must be clear. Thus what purpose and who are served by best mediation practices? In his contribution ‘The purpose and necessity of best practices in mediation based on the findings of the study ‘Peer Review and MfN accredited Mediators’ this is further reflected upon.
Over de zoektocht naar en de grenzen van secundaire aansprakelijkheid na het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn
Authors: Maes K.L. 
Published: January 2018

Over de zoektocht naar en de grenzen van secundaire aansprakelijkheid na het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn
Op 4 juni 2017 heeft de Rechtbank Den Haag zich uitgelaten over de vraag of de ouders van Tristan van der V. aansprakelijk zijn voor de gevolgen van het schietincident in Alphen aan den Rijn. Meer in het bijzonder gaat het daarbij om de vraag of de ouders de relevante autoriteiten hadden behoren te informeren over de geestestoestand van hun zoon, in plaats van een gevaarlijke situatie te laten voortduren. In deze bijdrage wordt de uitspraak van de rechtbank – mede in het licht van haar eerdere uitspraak over de aansprakelijkheid van de politie naar aanleiding van hetzelfde schietincident – geanalyseerd, waarbij aandacht wordt besteed aan de civielrechtelijke, secundaire zorgplicht van de ouders.
Pathology of Melanotic Schwannoma
Authors: Alexiev Borislav A. , Chou Pauline M. , Jennings Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2018

Context.—
Melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a nerve sheath tumor with a uniform composition of variably melanin-producing Schwann cells and metastatic potential. The MS is an uncommon neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of all nerve sheath tumors, with a predilection for spinal nerve involvement. Microscopically, the tumors are characterized by spindle and epithelioid cells arranged in interlacing fascicles, with marked accumulation of melanin in neoplastic cells and associated melanophages. The MSs are frequently associated with Carney complex, showing features of psammoma bodies and adipose-like cells. Strict criteria of malignancy in MS are not well developed, although a combination of worrisome histologic features (large, vesicular nuclei, with macronucleoli, brisk mitotic activity, and necrosis) raises concern for aggressive behavior.

Objective.—
To review the current status of the MS literature, discussing putative etiology, histopathology, current genetics, and differential diagnoses, including overlap with other pigmented tumors.

Data Sources.—
Search of PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) and the authors' own experiences.

Conclusions.—
The occurrence of MS at several unusual anatomic sites and its spectrum of morphologic patterns can result in significant diagnostic difficulty, and correct diagnosis is particularly important because of its high tendency to recur locally and to metastasize, which highlights the importance of diagnostic recognition, ancillary molecular genetic testing, and close clinical follow-up of patients with MS.
Molecular Testing of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound–Guided Transbronchial Fine-Needle Aspiration: The Cleveland Clinic Experience
Authors: Doxtader Erika E. , Cheng Yu-Wei , Zhang Yaxia 
Published: January 2018

Context.—
Given the increasing demand for molecular testing of non–small cell lung carcinoma specimens to guide therapeutic decision-making and the trend toward minimally invasive techniques for obtaining diagnostic tissue, cytopathology laboratories must devise strategies to maximize DNA yield for necessary molecular testing.

Objective.—
To describe our experience at Cleveland Clinic with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing by next-generation sequencing and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization of non–small cell lung carcinomas diagnosed by cytology, with an emphasis on specimens obtained by endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration.

Data Sources.—
Data sources include a review of the current literature, including published articles from our institution.

Conclusions.—
At our institution, liquid-based cytology specimens are the primary resource used for molecular testing of non–small cell lung carcinomas; in most instances, adequate DNA can be extracted from the residual cell pellet for next-generation sequencing, and ThinPrep slides can be used reliably for fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for ALK gene rearrangements. In occasional cases where the cell pellet material is not adequate for molecular testing, cell blocks and/or surgical pathology specimens are secondary options. The cytopathologist's role in specimen handling and triage is essential to ensure that molecular testing can be carried out successfully.
Identification by shape-based virtual screening and evaluation of new tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: Li Qi , Yang Hongyu , Mo Jun , Chen Yao , Wu Yue , Kang Chen , Sun Yuan , Sun Haopeng 
Published: January 2018

Targeting tyrosinase is considered to be an effective way to control the production of melanin. Tyrosinase inhibitor is anticipated to provide new therapy to prevent skin pigmentation, melanoma and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report our results in identifying new tyrosinase inhibitors. The shape-based virtual screening was performed to discover new tyrosinase inhibitors. Thirteen potential hits derived from virtual screening were tested by biological determinations. Compound 5186-0429 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity. It dose-dependently inhibited the activity of tyrosinase, with the IC50 values 6.2 ± 2.0 µM and 10.3 ± 5.4 µM on tyrosine and L-Dopa formation, respectively. The kinetic study of 5186-0429 demonstrated that this compound acted as a competitive inhibitor. We believe the discoveries here could serve as a good starting point for further design of potent tyrosinase inhibitor.
Uncovering a New Current: The Southwest MAdagascar Coastal Current
Authors: Ramanantsoa Juliano D. , Penven P. , Krug M. , Gula J. , Rouault M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCruise data sets, satellite remote sensing observations, and model data analyses are combined to highlight the existence of a coastal surface poleward flow in the southwest of Madagascar: the Southwest MAdagascar Coastal Current (SMACC). The SMACC is a relatively shallow (<300 m) and narrow (<100 km wide) warm and salty coastal surface current, which flows along the south western coast of Madagascar toward the south, opposite to the dominant winds. The warm water surface signature of the SMACC extends from 22°S (upstream) to 26.4°S (downstream). The SMACC exhibits a seasonal variability: more intense in summer and reduced in winter. The average volume transport of its core is about 1.3 Sv with a mean summer maximum of 2.1 Sv. It is forced by a strong cyclonic wind stress curl associated with the bending of the trade winds along the southern tip of Madagascar. The SMACC directly influences the coastal upwelling regions south of Madagascar. Its existence is likely to influence local fisheries and larval transport patterns, as well as the connectivity with the Agulhas Current, affecting the returning branch of the global overturning circulation.
Linear and Nonlinear Hydrological Cycle Responses to Increasing Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Toda Masaki , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn effective mechanism for determining tropical rainfall patterns in response to sea surface temperature (SST) increases with varying magnitude and horizontal distribution has not been developed thus far in climate change studies. In order to examine changes in precipitation pattern with increasing SST, we conducted a series of atmospheric general circulation model experiments using a 30 year record of observed SST for which either globally uniform SST increases of 1 K, 2 K, and 4 K or El Niño/La Niña‐like patterned SST anomaly has been imposed. Although the global‐mean precipitation linearly increases with the SST increase irrespective of its spatial distribution, regional precipitation changes were found to occur nonlinearly depending on the magnitude of the uniform SST increase. Owing to nonlinearity in the atmospheric circulation response, the regional hydrological sensitivity was larger with a smaller increase in SST. The precipitation response to the SST pattern was, however, quasi‐linear to the magnitude of the SST change and can be separated from the response to the uniform SST increase. This study thus emphasizes the importance of relative amplitudes of uniform and structured SST increases for future rainfall projection.
Coseismic Contortion and Coupled Nocturnal Ionospheric Perturbations During 2016 Kaikoura, Mw 7.8 New Zealand Earthquake
Authors: Bagiya Mala S. , Sunil P. S. , Sunil A. S. , Ramesh D. S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe oblique‐thrust Kaikoura earthquake of Mw 7.8 that struck New Zealand on 13 November 2016 at 11:02:56 UTC (local time at 00:02:56 a.m. on 14 November 2016) was one of the most geometrically and tectonically complex earthquakes recorded onshore in modern seismology. The event ruptured in the region of multisegmented faults and propagated unilaterally northeastward for more than 170 km from the epicenter. The GPS derived coseismic surface displacements reveal a larger widespread horizontal and vertical coseismic surface offsets of ~6 m and ~2 m, respectively, with two distinct tectonic thrust zones. We study the characteristics of coseismic ionospheric perturbations based on tectonic and nontectonic forcing mechanisms and demonstrate that these perturbations are linked to two distinct surface thrust zones with rotating horizontal reinforcement trending the rupture, rather than merely to the displacements oriented along the rupture propagation direction.
Surface Wave Tomography of the Alps Using Ambient‐Noise and Earthquake Phase Velocity Measurements
Authors: Kästle Emanuel D. , El‐Sharkawy A. , Boschi L. , Meier T. , Rosenberg C. , Bellahsen N. , Cristiano L. , Weidle C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA large data set of surface wave phase velocity measurements is compiled to study the structures of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Alpine continental collision zone. Records from both ambient‐noise and earthquake‐based methods are combined to obtain a high‐resolution 3‐D model of seismic shear velocity. The applied techniques allow us to image the shallow crust and sedimentary basins with a lateral resolution of about 25 km. We find that complex lateral variations in Moho depth as mapped in our model are highly compatible with those obtained from receiver function studies; this agreement with entirely independent data is a strong indication of the reliability of our results, and we infer that our model has the potential to serve as reference crustal map of shear velocity in the Alpine region. Mantle structures show nearly vertical subducting lithospheric slabs of the European and Adriatic plates. Pronounced differences between the western, central, and eastern Alps provide indications of the respective geodynamic evolution: we propose that in the southwestern and northeastern Alps, the European slab has broken off. The complex anomaly pattern in the upper mantle may be explained by combination of remnant European slab and Adriatic subduction. Along‐strike changes in the upper mantle structure are observed beneath the Apennines with an attached Adriatic slab in the northern Apennines and a slab window in the central Apennines. There is also evidence for subduction of Adriatic lithosphere to the east beneath the Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides down to a maximum depth of about 150 km.
Understanding the Late‐Stage Evolution of Shatsky Rise Using Transdimensional Acoustic Impedance Inversion
Authors: Dadi Sireesh , Gibson Richard L. , Sager William W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMultichannel seismic data acquired recently over Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific have the potential to provide important constraints on structure and rock properties from this oceanic plateau. We apply a reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling technique to invert for acoustic impedance structure from portions of the processed, poststack seismic lines. This approach, which applies a Bayesian inversion formulation, also allows a quantification of uncertainty in inversion results. It also allows an automatic estimation of the number of model parameters, such as the number of layers, required to fit the data, greatly simplifying the inversion. We use it to infer the shallow acoustic impedance structure of the Tamu and Ori volcanoes at the Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau. Since acoustic impedance depends on the type of basalt present, the results allow estimation of lithology and, therefore, insight into the late‐stage evolution of both the volcanoes. Specifically, results from the shallow crust (∼1 km) suggest a higher percentage of massive flow basalts at Tamu Massif compared to Ori Massif. The percentage of pillow basalts and geochemically altered basalts is higher at the summit compared to that at the flanks of the volcanoes.
Seismic Evidence for Fluid/Gas Beneath the Mentawai Fore‐Arc Basin, Central Sumatra
Authors: Huot Gabriel , Singh Satish C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince 2004, there have been three great interplate earthquakes (Mw > 8.0) offshore Sumatra. In addition to rupturing the megathrust, these earthquakes might also have ruptured the backthrusts that bound the Andaman Islands to the Mentawai Islands toward the forearc basins. Here we apply a combination of traveltime tomography and seismic full waveform inversion to an ultralong offset seismic reflection profile from the Mentawai forearc basin, in the region of the 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake. We perform a waveform inversion of far‐offset data followed by a waveform inversion of near‐offset data using the starting model derived from the traveltime tomography. Our results show the presence of a large, low‐velocity anomaly above the backthrust. The seismic reflection image indicates that this low‐velocity anomaly lies either within highly compacted sediments from the accretionary wedge or within highly deformed sediments from the forearc basin. The porosity estimation, using the effective medium theory, suggests that a small amount of gas (from 2 to 13%) or a significant amount of fluid (from 17 to 40%) could generate this low‐velocity zone. The presence of fluids and the observation of bottom simulating reflector below a push‐up ridge might be associated with mud diapirism. The fluids could originate locally from the dewatering of the sediments from the accretionary wedge or forearc basin. The high reflectivity of the backthrust in this region might also indicate deeper fluid origin, either from underplated sediments on the subduction interface or from the serpentinized mantle wedge.
Impact of Extensive Urbanization on Summertime Rainfall in the Beijing Region and the Role of Local Precipitation Recycling
Authors: Wang Jun , Feng Jinming , Yan Zhongwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, we conducted nested high‐resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a single‐layer urban canopy model to investigate the impact of extensive urbanization on regional precipitation over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region in China. The results showed that extensive urbanization decreased precipitation considerably over and downwind of Beijing city. The prevalence of impermeable urban land inhibits local evaporation that feeds moisture into the overlying atmosphere, decreasing relative humidity and atmospheric instability. The dynamic precipitation recycling model was employed to estimate the precipitation that originates from local surface evaporation and large‐scale advection of moisture. Results showed that about 11% of the urbanization‐induced decrease in total precipitation over the Greater Beijing Region and its surroundings was contributed by the decrease in local recycled precipitation, while the other part (89%) was due to decreasing large‐scale advected precipitation. Results suggest that the low evaporation from urban land surfaces not only reduces the supply of water vapor for local recycled precipitation directly but also decreases the convective available potential energy and hence the conversion efficiency of atmospheric moisture into rainfall. The urbanization‐induced variations in local recycled precipitation were found to be correlated with the net atmospheric moisture flux on a monthly time scale.
Evolution of Peatlands in the Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Since the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Liu Xiaokang , Lu Ruijie , Du Jing , Lyu Zhiqiang , Wang Lindong , Gao Shangyu , Wu Yongqiu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimatic reconstruction from peat deposits is an important aspect of Quaternary research. Previous studies of the peatlands in the Mu Us Desert in northern China have focused on the processes of paleoclimatic evolution, but the history of peatland development remains unclear due to the absence of comparative studies. Here we present a synthesis of the available records documenting peatland development within the Mu Us Desert since the last deglaciation. We combine paleoclimatic records from profiles from two new sites with previously published results from 12 sites. Our aim is to reconstruct the temporal and spatial record of peatland development and to determine its driving forces. The results show that the peatlands developed in two phases: from ~15 ka until the early Holocene and from 6.5–3 ka when there was a significant expansion of their spatial extent. These phases correspond to two distinct types of paludification process, and both were closely related to changes in the East Asian monsoon. A final stage after 2 ka resulted from the significant weakening of the monsoon, during which peat accumulation ceased.
Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains as Recorder of Relative Humidity
Authors: Kaushal Ritika , Ghosh Prosenjit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSouthwest monsoon season over India exhibits spatial variation in the relative humidity (RH) levels. We took advantage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), cultivated in varied RH condition during the southwest monsoon season, to study the relationship of oxygen and carbon isotopic composition in the bulk grain organic matter (δ18OOM, δ13COM) with the hydroclimatic parameter of RH. Seasonal harvests of the years 2010 through 2014, sampled from 23 sites located in different climatic zones over India, were used for this experiment. Several fields and different genotypes (n = 105) were sampled at each site to arrive at representative values of δ18OOM and δ13COM. Based on regression analyses, the δ18OOM variation across sites showed significant dependence on the δ18O of source water (δ18OSW) used by the crops, with the humid region registering the strongest correlation (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001). After normalizing δ18OOM values with respect to δ18OSW and expressing the deviation as Δ18OOM, we obtained a significant relationship between the growing‐season average RH and Δ18OOM (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.0001). This is represented by a linear response function: Δ18OOM = (− 0.45 ± 0.03) × RH + (66.4 ± 2.7). The relationship established in this study enables the reconstruction of RH level from the isotopic measurement of rice grain OM in modern‐day and palaeo samples. Further, the relationship of the carbon isotope discrimination in rice grain OM (Δ13COM) with RH gradient demonstrates the role of the evaporative demand in governing the dual‐isotope variability.
Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorophores Based on Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene 1,1,5,5‐Tetraoxide for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy and In Vivo Two‐Photon Fluorescence Bioimaging
Authors: Zhen Shijie , Wang Shaowei , Li Shiwu , Luo Wenwen , Gao Meng , Ng Lai Guan , Goh Chi Ching , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Liu Bin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRed/near‐infrared dyes are highly demanded for biological applications but most of them are far from satisfactory. In this work, a series of red/near‐infrared fluorophores based on electron‐withdrawing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene 1,1,5,5‐tetraoxide (BDTO) are synthesized and characterized. They possess both aggregation‐induced emission, and hybridized local and charge‐transfer characteristics. Crystallographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational results reveal that the oxidation of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene to BDTO can endow the fluorophores with greatly red‐shifted emission, enhanced emission efficiency, reduced energy levels, enlarged two‐photon absorption cross section, and increased reactive oxygen species generation efficiency. The nanoparticles fabricated with a near‐infrared fluorophore TPA‐BDTO show high photostability and biocompatibility with good performance in targeted photodynamic ablation of cancer cells and two‐photon fluorescence imaging of intravital mouse brain vasculature.
Stable White Light‐Emitting Biocomposite Films
Authors: Gotta Julia , Shalom Tal Ben , Aslanoglou Stella , Cifuentes‐Rius Anna , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Elnathan Roey , Shoseyov Oded , Richter Shachar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe demonstration of reliable and stable white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is one of the main technological challenges of the LED industry. This is usually accomplished by incorporation of light‐emitting rare‐earth elements (REEs) compounds within an external polymeric coating of a blue LED allowing the generation of white light. However, due to both environmental and cost issues, the development of low‐cost REE‐free coatings, which exhibit competitive performance compared to conventional white LED is of great importance. In this work, the formation of an REE‐free white LED coating is demonstrated. This biocomposite material, composed of biological (crystalline nanocellulose and porcine gastric mucin) and organic (light‐emitting dyes) compounds, exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as resistance to heat, humidity, and UV radiation. The coating is further used to demonstrate a working white LED by incorporating it within a commercial blue LED.