bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernism, modernity, and politics in the general history of science: Implications of Herbert Mehrtens‘ work, from “Vienna 1900” to the Nazi era, and beyond
Authors: Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: September 2024

ArgumentHerbert Mehrtens‘ work and the implications of the historical ideas he advanced went beyond the history of any single discipline. The article therefore addresses three broad issues: (1) Mehrtens‘ reconceptualization of mathematical modernism, in his field-changing book Moderne—Sprache—Mathematik (1990) and other works, as an epistemic and cultural phenomenon in a way that could potentially reach across and also beyond the sciences and also link scientific and cultural modernisms; (2) the extension of his work to the history of modernity itself via the concept of “technocratic modernism”; (3) his seminal contributions to the historiography of the sciences and technology during the National Socialist period, focusing on his critique of claims that mathematics, the natural sciences and technology were morally or politically “neutral” during or after the Nazi era, and on his counter-claim that mathematicians and other scientists had in fact mobilized themselves and their knowledge in support of Nazism’s central political projects. Taken as a guide for understanding science-politics relations in general, Mehrtens‘ work was and remains a counterweight to the political abstinence adopted by many who have followed the “cultural turn” in history of science and technology. In the broadest sense, the article is a plea for the culturally relevant and politically engaged historiography of the sciences and humanities that Mehrtens himself pursued.
The idea of protecting cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations in international cultural heritage law
Authors: Giorgallis Andreas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Much of today’s academic scholarship of international cultural heritage law circles around cultural heritage’s protection for the benefit of future generations. Despite this, the efforts to systematically examine the concept in more detail are scarcer. This paper seeks to fill this gap by taking a closer look at the ways in which the notion of future generations features in the body of international cultural heritage law. This contribution firstly illustrates how central the idea of protecting cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations is in international cultural heritage law. Despite this centrality, evidenced by an extensive analysis of international and regional hard and soft law, national law, case law, and policy options, its precisely contours the second argument of this paper, is that they remain elusive. Finally, skepticism is voiced over the concept’s potential ambivalent use with respect to the protection of cultural heritage.
Government size and the effectiveness of fiscal policy: the bigger the better?
Authors: Cho Dooyeon , Lee Kyung-woo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of government size, as measured by the tax revenue to gross domestic product (tax-GDP) ratio, on output responses to increases in government purchases. First, we show that in a standard static neoclassical model, the stimulus effect of fiscal expansion on output increases with the tax-GDP ratio. This finding is quantitatively confirmed using a dynamic neoclassical model with standard functional forms and parameter values. To empirically test the theoretical findings, we analyze the responses of macroeconomic variables to an unanticipated increase in government purchases for 12 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1985–2019 using a state-dependent local projection method. The estimation results reveal that while output responses to an unanticipated fiscal expansion are significantly positive when the tax-GDP ratio is high, they are statistically indistinguishable from zero when the ratio is low. Overall, our findings suggest that fiscal expansion can stimulate output more effectively at high tax rates, unlike the well-known predictions of the traditional Keynesian model.
A Simple Noncontact Soil Moisture Probe for Weather and Climate Applications
Authors: Voronovich A. G. , Johnston P. E. , Lataitis R. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe measurement of soil moisture is important for many practical applications. We describe the theoretical design of a simple, noncontact, electromagnetic probe that complements many existing soil moisture measurement techniques. The approach uses a low‐frequency (i.e., 50–150 MHz) antenna operating in proximity of the soil. The presence of the soil affects the antenna input impedance, which in turn depends on the distance between the soil and antenna and the complex dielectric constant of the soil. The latter strongly depends on the soil wetness, which suggests that bulk soil moisture integrated over a depth of roughly 1 m can be inferred from antenna impedance measurements. This is in contrast with many current higher‐frequency techniques that penetrate only a few centimeters into the soil and provide only near‐surface values of soil wetness. Our work suggests that under ideal conditions bulk soil moisture can be mapped with an accuracy on the order of 1% over horizontal scales spanning a few tens of meters to a few kilometers using simple low‐frequency antennas.
Unveiling the Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Storm Structure Across Space and Time in a Warming Climate
Authors: Ghanghas Ankit , Sharma Ashish , Merwade Venkatesh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change induces significant changes in storm characteristics, particularly for short‐duration extreme storms (heavy rain features), impacting their intensity and spatio‐temporal distribution. Although alterations in precipitation intensity are well documented, past studies examining changes in spatio‐temporal distribution of storms (storm rainrates) were region‐specific and focused on isolated aspects of change in space or time, eluding a comprehensive understanding of the precise nature and extent of these changes. Bridging this gap, this study introduces a novel grid‐based measure of storm homogeneity, “spatio‐temporal homogeneity” metric and investigates the global patterns of change in combined spatio‐temporal characteristics of extreme storms. Analyzing the 30 min × 0.1° × 0.1° resolution Global Precipitation Measurements, the study finds that extreme storms are shrinking in both space and time due to rising surface air temperatures, predominantly in tropics. In contrast, temperate regions experience expanded extreme storms with increasing temperatures. The study also identifies a global trend toward more front‐loading in storms with rising temperatures, driven by a substantial increase in tropics and southern temperate regions. Conversely, storms in northern temperate regions become slightly more rear‐loaded as temperature increases. Furthermore, the study finds that characteristics of short–duration storms (6–12 hr) are more sensitive to temperature changes. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the global spatio‐temporal changes of extreme storms, highlighting regions most susceptible to alterations in storm patterns due to climate change. These findings are essential for developing effective adaptation strategies and flood management practices to cope with the changing nature of extreme storms in a warming climate.
How Does Plastic Litter Accumulate in Submarine Canyons?
Authors: Yang Yuping , Wang Dawei , Kneller Benjamin , Zhong Guangfa , Yu Kaiqi , Wang Minghan , Xu Jingping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractManned submersible dives in the northwest South China Sea encountered substantial amounts of plastic litter accumulated at the base of scours along the floor of a submarine canyon, which may associate with the depositional behaviors of turbidity currents. In this study, we conduct numerical simulations using field‐scale bathymetry to investigate the relationship between the canyon floor morphology, flow processes, and the locations and sizes of the plastic litter piles. The consistent deposition pattern caused by the numerical turbidity currents with different input parameters indicate that morphology of the canyon may exert a dominant influence on turbidite deposition. This is attributed to a significant reduction in shear velocity as simulated turbidity currents flowing through the scours on the canyon floor. Spatial correspondence between deposits of turbidity currents and plastic litter accumulation suggests that suspended sediments and plastic may undergo simultaneous dynamic processes during the transportation of turbidity currents.
A Multi‐Scale Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation of Plasma Dynamics From Magnetotail Reconnection to the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Rusaitis L. , El‐Alaoui M. , Walker R. J. , Lapenta G. , Schriver D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring magnetospheric substorms, plasma from magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail is thought to reach the inner magnetosphere and form a partial ring current. We simulate this process using a fully kinetic 3D particle‐in‐cell (PIC) numerical code along with a global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. The PIC simulation extends from the solar wind outside the bow shock to beyond the reconnection region in the tail, while the MHD code extends much further and is run for nominal solar wind parameters and a southward interplanetary magnetic field. By the end of the PIC calculation, ions and electrons from the tail reconnection reach the inner magnetosphere and form a partial ring current and diamagnetic current. The primary source of particles to the inner magnetosphere is bursty bulk flows (BBFs) that originate from a complex pattern of reconnection in the near‐Earth magnetotail at to . Most ion acceleration occurs in this region, gaining from 10 to 50 keV as they traverse the sites of active reconnection. Electrons jet away from the reconnection region much faster than the ions, setting up an ambipolar electric field allowing the ions to catch up after approximately 10 ion inertial lengths. The initial energy flux in the BBFs is mainly kinetic energy flux from the ions, but as they move earthward, the energy flux changes to enthalpy flux at the ring current. The power delivered from the tail reconnection in the simulation to the inner magnetosphere is W, which is consistent with observations.
Assessing Climate Extremes in Dynamical Downscaling Simulations Driven by a Novel Bias‐Corrected CMIP6 Data
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Zhuo , Han Ying , Xu Zhongfeng , Guo Weidong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDynamical downscaling is a widely‐used approach for generating regional projections of climate extremes at a finer scale. However, the systematic bias of the global climate model (GCM) generally degrades the reliability of projections. Recently, novel bias‐corrected CMIP6 data was generated using a mean‐variance‐trend (MVT) bias correction method for dynamical downscaling simulation. To validate the effectiveness of this data in the dynamical downscaling simulation of climate extremes, we carry out three Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations over Asia‐western North Pacific with a 25 km grid spacing from 1980 to 2014. The dynamical downscaling simulations driven by the raw GCM data set (hereafter WRF_GCM) and the bias‐corrected GCM (hereafter WRF_GCMbc) were assessed against the simulation driven by the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 data set. The results indicate that the MVT bias correction significantly improves the climatological mean and inter‐annual variability of downscaled climate extreme indices. In terms of the climatological mean, the WRF_GCMbc shows a 25%–82% decrease in root mean square errors (RMSEs) against the WRF_GCM. As for the inter‐annual variability, the MVT bias correction can improve the downscaling simulation of almost all precipitation extreme indices and 70% of the temperature extreme indices, characterized by the RMSEs' reduction of 1%–58%. The improvements of the climate extremes in terms of the climatological mean in the WRF_GCMbc primarily stem from the improved large‐scale circulation and ocean evaporation in the WRF, which in turn improves the downscaled precipitation and 2 m temperature through the advection, radiation, and surface energy exchange process.
Tumor-infiltrating immune cell profiles and changes associate with additional trastuzumab in preoperative chemotherapy for patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Cong , Han Jing , He Qifei , Yao Qian , Wang Xueying , Peng Zuofu , Sun Yu , Ji Jiafu , Xing Xiaofang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
HER2(+) gastric cancer (GC) can benefit from trastuzumab. However, the impact of additional trastuzumab in preoperative treatment on immune cells remains largely unknown.

Methods
In cohort I, immune cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in 1321 patients. Then 88 HER2(+) patients received preoperative therapy were collected as cohort II. Immune cell profiles and changes were analyzed in paired pre- and post-operative specimens using multiple immunohistochemistry staining.

Results
In the treatment-naive GC patients (n = 1002), CD3+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration was significantly lower in the HER2(+) GC patients together with higher FoxP3+ T cells compared with HER2(−). However, FoxP3+ T and CD20+ B cell infiltration was significantly higher in HER2(+) GC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 319). The trastuzumab-exposed group had higher CD8+ T and lower FoxP3+ T cell infiltration and CD8+ T cell was even more significant in responders. Additionally, tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) density increased in invasion margin of residual tumors. Patients with lower TLS in the tumor core or lower FoxP3+ T cells had better overall survival in the trastuzumab-exposed group.

Conclusion
Addition of trastuzumab modulates the immune microenvironment, suggesting the potential mechanism of the favorable outcome of anti-HER2 therapy and providing a theoretical rationale for the combinational immunotherapy in resectable HER2(+) GC patients.
Efficiency improvement of spin-resolved ARPES experiments using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Iwasawa Hideaki , Ueno Tetsuro , Iwata Takuma , Kuroda Kenta , Kokh Konstantin A. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. , Miyamoto Koji , Kimura Akio , Okuda Taichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe experimental efficiency has been a central concern for time-consuming experiments. Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (spin-resolved ARPES) is renowned for its inefficiency in spin-detection, despite its outstanding capability to directly determine the spin-polarized electronic properties of materials. Here, we investigate the potential enhancement of the efficiency of spin-resolved ARPES experiments through the integration of measurement informatics. We focus on a representative topological insulator $$\text {Bi}_{2}$$

Bi
2

$$\text {Te}_{3}$$

Te
3

, which has well-understood spin-polarized electronic states. We employ Gaussian process regression (GPR) to assess the accumulation of spin polarization information using an indicator known as the GPR score. Our analyses based on the GPR model suggest that the GPR score can serve as a stopping criterion for spin-resolved ARPES experiments. This criterion enables us to conduct efficient spin-resolved ARPES experiments, significantly reducing the time costs by 5-10 times, compared to empirical stopping criteria.
Enhanced agricultural carbon sinks provide benefits for farmers and the climate
Authors: Frank Stefan , Lessa Derci Augustynczik Andrey , Havlík Petr , Boere Esther , Ermolieva Tatiana , Fricko Oliver , Di Fulvio Fulvio , Gusti Mykola , Krisztin Tamas , Lauri Pekka , Palazzo Amanda , Wögerer Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbon sequestration on agricultural land, albeit long-time neglected, offers substantial mitigation potential. Here we project, using an economic land-use model, that these options offer cumulative mitigation potentials comparable to afforestation by 2050 at 160 USD2022 tCO2 equivalent (tCO2e−1), with most of it located in the Global South. Carbon sequestration on agricultural land could provide producers around the world with additional revenues of up to 375 billion USD2022 at 160 USD2022 tCO2e−1 and allow achievement of net-zero emissions in the agriculture, forestry and other land-use sectors by 2050 already at economic costs of around 80–120 USD2022 tCO2e−1. This would, in turn, decrease economy-wide mitigation costs and increase gross domestic product (+0.6%) by the mid-century in 1.5 °C no-overshoot climate stabilization scenarios compared with mitigation scenarios that do not consider these options. Unlocking these potentials requires the deployment of highly efficient institutions and monitoring systems over the next 5 years across the whole world, including sub-Saharan Africa, where the largest mitigation potential exists.
Novel Eu3+-activated Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 red-emitting phosphors with high quantum efficiency for plant growth lighting and white LEDs
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Ding Jina , Zeng Qifeng , Lin Xinyi , Jiang Linwen , Wu Anhua 
Published: September 2024

The prepared CGG:Eu3+ phosphors with a high CRI of 91.64 and an appropriate CCT of 4808 K exhibit great potential applications in plant growth lighting and white LEDs.
Asynchronous changes of hydrogen sulfide and its generating enzymes in most tissues with the aging process
Authors: He Kaichuan , Tan Bo , Lu Ao , Bai Lu , Song Chengqing , Miao Yuxin , Liu Biyu , Chen Qian , Teng Xu , Dai Jing , Wu Yuming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and irreversible biological process that gradually heightens the risks of various diseases and death. As a newly discovered endogenous gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified to exert multiple beneficial impacts on the regulation of aging and age-related pathologies. This study was aimed at systematically exploring the relationship between asynchronous aging processes and H2S concentrations in various tissues of aging mice. Samples of plasma and 13 tissues were collected from four cross-sectional age groups (3, 6, 12 and 18 months of age) covering the lifespan of male C57BL/6J mice. The H2S concentration was quantified by a reported liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with monobromobimane derivatization. Additionally, the expressions of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, in those tissues were analyzed by Western blotting. We discovered that the H2S concentrations decreased asynchronously with the aging process in plasma, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, subcutaneous fat and brown fat and increased in brain and lung. At least one of the three H2S-generating enzymes expressions was compensatorily up-regulated with the aging process in most tissues, among which the up-regulation of CSE was the most prominent.
Stringent upper limits of minor species at the cloud top of Venus: PH3, HCN, and NH3
Authors: Encrenaz T. , Greathouse T. K. , Giles R. , Widemann T. , Bézard B. , Lefèvre F. , Lefèvre M. , Shao W. , Sagawa H. , Marcq E. , Arredondo A. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. Following several reports announcing the detection or non-detection of minor species above the clouds of Venus, we have searched for other possible signatures of PH3, HCN, and NH3 in the infrared range.
Methods. Since 2012, we have performed ground-based observations of Venus in the thermal infrared at various wavelengths to monitor the behavior of SO2 and H2O at the cloud top. We have identified spectral intervals where transitions of PH3 (around 955 cm−1), HCN (around 747 cm−1), and NH3 (around 951cm−1) are present.
Results. From the absence of any feature at these frequencies, we derive, on the disk-integrated spectrum, a 3-σ upper limit of 3 ppbv for the PH3 mixing ratio, 0.5 ppbv for HCN, and 0.3 ppbv for NH3, assuming that these species have a constant mixing ratio throughout the atmosphere. Maps of the Venus disk recorded at the center position of the lines show that there is no evidence for local detection anywhere over the Venus disk.
Conclusions. Our results bring new constraints on the maximum abundance of these species at the cloud top and in the lower mesosphere of Venus.
The shape of convection in 2D and 3D global simulations of stellar interiors
Authors: Dethero M.-G. , Pratt J. , Vlaykov D. G. , Baraffe I. , Guillet T. , Goffrey T. , Le Saux A. , Morison A. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Theoretical descriptions of convective overshooting in stellar interiors often rely on a basic one-dimensional parameterization of the flow called the filling factor for convection. Several different definitions of the filling factor have been developed for this purpose, based on: (1) the percentage of the volume, (2) the mass flux, and (3) the convective flux that moves through the boundary.
Aims. We examine these definitions of the filling factor with the goal of establishing their ability to explain differences between 2D and 3D global simulations of stellar interiors that include fully compressible hydrodynamics and realistic microphysics for stars.
Methods. We study convection and overshooting in pairs of identical two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) global simulations of stars produced with MUSIC, a fully compressible, time-implicit hydrodynamics code. We examine pairs of simulations for (1) a 3 M⊙ red giant star near the first dredge-up point, (2) a 1 M⊙ pre-main-sequence star with a large convection zone, (3) the current sun, and (4) a 20 M⊙ main-sequence star with a large convective core.
Results. Our calculations of the filling factor based on the volume percentage and the mass flux indicate asymmetrical convection near the surface for each star with an outer convection zone. However, near the convective boundary, convective flows achieve inward-outward symmetry for each star that we study; for 2D and 3D simulations, these filling factors are indistinguishable. A filling factor based on the convective flux is contaminated by boundary-layer-like flows, making a theoretical interpretation difficult. We present two possible new alternatives to these frequently used definitions of a filling factor, which instead compare flows at two different radial points. The first alternative is the penetration parameter of Anders et al. (2022, ApJ, 926, 169). The second alternative is a new statistic that we call the plume interaction parameter. We demonstrate that both of these parameters captures systematic differences between 2D and 3D simulations around the convective boundary.
Cycling Intensity Effect on Running Plus Cycling Performance among
Triathletes
Authors: Vivan Lavínia , dos Anjos Vinicius Ribeiro , Engelke Paulo , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Weiss Katja , Knechtle Beat , Andrade Marília Santos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRunning performance is crucial for triathlon performance. However, the prior bout
of cycling may affect the running split time. This study compared the
triathletes’ cycling plus running (C+R) time, when cycling was performed at
three different intensities and running was maximal. A total of 38 athletes (21
males and 17 females) were included. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake,
and functional threshold power (FTP) was evaluated. The participants visited the
laboratory three times to cycle 20 km at 80%, 85%, or 90% FTP (in randomized
order) and run 5 km as fast as possible. Males ran faster after cycling at 80%
FTP than after cycling at 90% FTP (mean difference=35.1 s; CI% 2.2, 68.1 s;
p=0.035). The C+R time was faster when cycling at 90% FTP than at 80% FTP (mean
difference=57.7 s; CI% 26.1, 89.3 s; p<0.001). For females, no significant
difference was observed in the running time after cycling at 80%, 85%, or 90%
FTP. The C+R time was faster when cycling at 90% FTP than at 80% FTP (mean
difference=80.9 s; CI% 29.7, 132.1 s; p=0.002). In conclusion, to optimize
triathlon performance, male and female athletes should cycle at a minimum of 90%
FTP.