bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of organic compounds in the pore solution of cement—experimental and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Chaudhari Ojas , Biernacki Joseph J. , Northrup Scott 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study summarizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments using four ester‐based cement shrinkage reducing agents in pure water and simulated cement pore solution. The esters were found to completely dissociate in the alkaline pore solution to form acid and alcohol analogue compounds. The alcohol analogues were further found to be entirely responsible for the surface tension reduction capacity of the parent compounds. In addition, the surface tension reduction capacity of the alcohol analogues are not affected by relevant counterions present in the pore solution. The MD‐based analysis show that water molecules form stable hydrogen bonds with head groups of the alcohol analogues and that relevant dissolved ions, K+ and Na+, have virtually no effect on hydrogen bond stability. Furthermore, the higher the self‐diffusion coefficient of water molecules in the neighborhood of the head groups the lower the resulting surface tension at the air‐water interface.
Are fluvial islands “real” islands for arboreal mammals? Uncovering the effect of patch size under the species–area relationship
Authors: Rabelo Rafael M. , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César , Aragón Susan , Nelson Bruce Walker 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWe tested the “habitat amount hypothesis”, which predicts that the effect of patch size on number of species results from a “sample area effect” rather than an “island effect”. Specifically, we (1) compared parameters of the species–area relationship (SAR) of arboreal mammals in forested fluvial islands and continuous forest, and (2) separated the effects of island size and of landscape‐scale habitat amount on species richness.LocationMiddle‐Solimões River region, Central Amazon.MethodsWe surveyed arboreal mammals along line‐transects on 15 fluvial floodplain islands and nine transects in continuous floodplain forest. Transect length varied according to island size. Transects of similar length were established in continuous forest. We used power transformed (log‐log) models to construct a SAR for the set of island transects and another SAR for the set of continuous forest transects. We compared slope and intercept between the two SARs using ANCOVA. We used multiple regressions to separate the effects of island size and of habitat amount on the rarefied number of species across multiple spatial scales (500–6,000 m).ResultsThe two species–area curves showed similar slopes, but the intercept was lower for islands. Multiple regressions showed the best fit at the 5,500 m spatial scale. At this scale, habitat amount predicted species richness, whereas island size did not.Main conclusionsWe conclude that the apparent effect of patch size on the number of species may be simply due to the sample area effect and that no island effect operates on this patchy system. Accordingly, island size per se does not increase the number of species at a sample site. Fluvial islands should not be treated as “real” islands from the island biogeography perspective. In sum, we found support for the habitat amount hypothesis for predicting the richness of arboreal mammals on fluvial islands.
Pre‐release host range determination of the parasitoid Allotropa burrelli for the biocontrol of Pseudococcus comstocki in France
Authors: Quaglietti B. , Gautier P. , Groussier G. , Fleisch A. , Kreiter P. , Ris N. , Malausa T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe performed “no‐choice” tests to study the host range of the parasitoid Allotropa burrelli (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) for use against the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Southern France. We tested three Pseudococcidae species as potential non‐target hosts: two species from the same genus (Pseudococcus longispinus and Pseudococcus viburni) and Planococcus citri. Allotropa burrelli did not parasitize any of the non‐target mealybug species tested. No attempt of oviposition was recorded for the three species tested during the first 20 min of parasitoid release and no parasitism occurred in 6–8 hr of exposure of the mealybugs to the parasitoid.
Role of fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in indeterminate biliary strictures
Authors: Liew Zhong Hong , Loh Tracy Jiezhen , Lim Tony Kiat Hon , Lim Tse Hui , Khor Christopher Jen Lock , Mesenas Steven Joseph , Kong Chris San Choon , Ong Wai Choung , Tan Damien Meng Yew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimBrush cytology, the conventional method to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma, has been plagued by low diagnostic sensitivity and false‐negative results. This paper aims to study the clinical utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in enhancing identification of malignant biliary strictures.MethodsBrush cytologic specimens collected from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biliary strictures in a tertiary hospital in Singapore from March 2013 to July 2015 were examined by FISH technique using UroVysion probe set in this study.ResultsThirty patients were chosen with five patients having multiple FISH performed due to indeterminate results. The diagnoses for biliary strictures were 13 (43.3%) cholangiocarcinomas, seven (23.3%) pancreatic cancers, seven (23.3%) benign biliary strictures, and three (10%) primary sclerosing cholangitis. Conventional brush cytology had sensitivity of 53.8% with specificity of 82.4%. FISH had sensitivity of 30.8% with specificity of 100%. When FISH results were interpreted in cases with negative or atypical brush cytology, two patients had positive FISH results and cholangiocarcinomas. Based on this pilot study, FISH increased sensitivity of brush cytology in detection of cholangiocarcinoma from 53.8% to 69.2% while preserving specificity of 82.4%.ConclusionCompared with conventional cytology with low sensitivity, FISH may help to increase sensitivity on top of brush cytology while maintaining high specificity.
Clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis of elderly onset ulcerative colitis
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Lee Ho‐Su , Park Sang Hyoung , Kim Gwang‐Un , Seo Myeongsook , Hwang Sung Wook , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Kim Kyung‐Jo , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Ye Byong Duk 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with elderly onset ulcerative colitis (EOUC), a new growing subgroup of UC.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 3060 South Korean UC patients diagnosed between 1977 and 2014. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of EOUC, defined as UC in those aged ≥ 60 years at diagnosis, were compared with those of non‐EOUC (NEOUC).ResultsAmong the 3060 patients, 226 were diagnosed with EOUC (7.4%, median age at diagnosis 65.9 years [interquartile range, 62.9–68.7 years], 58.4% male). The frequency of EOUC increased from 3.9% in the interval 1977–1999 to 9.7% in the interval 2008–2014 (P < 0.001). There were more ex‐smokers in the EOUC than in the NEOUC group (44.2% vs 19.9%, P < 0.001). In the EOUC group, extensive colitis at diagnosis, and the maximum extent thereof, was less than in the NEOUC group (13.7% vs 22.6%, P = 0.002, and 34.5% vs 42.5%, P = 0.011, respectively). The 10‐year cumulative colectomy rate was significantly higher in the EOUC than in the NEOUC group (12.6% vs 7.7%, P = 0.015). UC‐related and all‐cause mortality were higher in the EOUC than in the NEOUC group (3.5% vs 0.6%, P < 0.001, and 12.4% vs 1.8%, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionElderly onset ulcerative colitis patients are likely to exhibit distinct features both at diagnosis and during follow‐up. It is necessary to pay more attention to, and to conduct further studies on, this particular group of patients.
“Urinary Tract Infection”—Requiem for a Heavyweight
Authors: Finucane Thomas E. 
Published: May 2017

“Urinary tract infection” (“UTI”) is an ambiguous, expansive, overused diagnosis that can lead to marked, harmful antibiotic overtreatment. “Significant bacteriuria,” central to most definitions of “UTI,” has little significance in identifying individuals who will benefit from treatment. “Urinary symptoms” are similarly uninformative. Neither criterion is well defined. Bacteriuria and symptoms remit and recur spontaneously. Treatment is standard for acute uncomplicated cystitis and common for asymptomatic bacteriuria, but definite benefits are few. Treatment for “UTI” in older adults with delirium and bacteriuria is widespread but no evidence supports the practice, and expert opinion opposes it.Sensitive diagnostic tests now demonstrate that healthy urinary tracts host a ubiquitous, complex microbial community. Recognition of this microbiome, largely undetectable using standard agar‐based cultures, offers a new perspective on “UTI.” Everyone is bacteriuric. From this perspective, most people who are treated for a “UTI” would probably be better off without treatment. Elderly adults, little studied in this regard, face particular risk. Invasive bacterial diseases such as pyelonephritis and bacteremic bacteriuria are also “UTIs.”Mindful decisions about antibiotic use will require a far better understanding of how pathogenicity arises within microbial communities. It is likely that public education and meaningful informed‐consent discussions about antibiotic treatment of bacteriuria, emphasizing potential harms and uncertain benefits, would reduce overtreatment. Emphasizing the microbiome's significance and using the term “urinary tract dysbiosis” instead of “UTI” might also help and might encourage mindful study of the relationships among host, aging, microbiome, disease, and antibiotic treatment.
Patient‐centred dietetic care from the perspectives of older malnourished patients
Authors: Hazzard E. , Barone L. , Mason M. , Lambert K. , McMahon A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundGoverning organisations for health services currently recommend a patient‐centred (PC) approach to practice for all health professions, including dietetics. For the vulnerable older malnourished patient, this approach needs to be prioritised to improve outcomes. The paucity of patient experience data likely limits evidence‐based, patient‐centred care (PCC) from being implemented effectively. The present study aimed to identify quality indicators of dietetic services from the perspectives of older malnourished patients to inform evidence‐based PC dietetic care.MethodsSurveys were completed by a sample of 28 females and 28 males (mean age 81 years) who had been seen by a dietitian for malnutrition assessment. In‐depth, face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a sub‐sample of four females and six males (mean age 81 years). Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of transcripts and open‐ended survey responses was conducted to determine patient‐identified quality indicators.ResultsThree structure indicators (continuity of care through regular contact and post‐discharge dietetic follow‐up; interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration; and high‐quality hospital food services), five process indicators (addressing a patient's primary medical concern; involving the patient's family; providing clear and simple dietetic information; providing expert dietary knowledge; utilising interpersonal communication skills) and three outcome indicators (improvement in health status; improvement or maintenance of independence; weight gain) were identified. The experiences of older malnourished patients with dietetic services, as described in the present study, reinforce the importance of ensuring high‐quality and tailored dietetic care as a key element of PC dietetic services.ConclusionsThe quality indicators of dietetic services identified in the present study may facilitate dietitians to provide evidence‐based PCC for older malnourished patients.
Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning
Authors: Masson Patrick , Nachon Florian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrganophosphorus agents (OPs) irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causing a major cholinergic syndrome. The medical counter‐measures of OP poisoning have not evolved for the last 30 years with carbamates for pretreatment, pyridinium oximes‐based AChE reactivators, antimuscarinic drugs and neuroprotective benzodiazepines for post‐exposure treatment. These drugs ensure protection of peripheral nervous system and mitigate acute effects of OP lethal doses. However, they have significant limitations. Pyridostigmine and oximes do not protect/reactivate central AChE. Oximes poorly reactivate AChE inhibited by phosphoramidates. In addition, current neuroprotectants do not protect the central nervous system shortly after the onset of seizures when brain damage becomes irreversible. New therapeutic approaches for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments involve detoxification of OP molecules before they reach their molecular targets by administrating catalytic bioscavengers, among them phosphotriesterases are the most promising. Novel generation of broad spectrum reactivators are designed for crossing the blood–brain barrier and reactivate central AChE.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Genetic markers for inherited thrombophilia are associated with fetal growth retardation in the population of Central Russia
Authors: Reshetnikov Evgeny , Zarudskaya Oksana , Polonikov Alexey , Bushueva Olga , Orlova Valentina , Krikun Evgeny , Dvornyk Volodymyr , Churnosov Mikhail 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the role of hereditary thrombophilia in the development of fetal growth retardation (FGR) in the population of Central Russia.MethodsThe case–control study sample included 497 women in the third trimester of pregnancy recruited during 2009–2013. The participants were enrolled into two groups: patients with FGR (n = 250) and controls without FGR (n = 247). The participants were genotyped for four genetic markers of hereditary thrombophilia: factor V Leiden (G > A FV, rs6025), prothrombin (G > A FII, rs1799963), factor VII (G > A FVII, rs6046), and fibrinogen (G > A FI, rs1800790).ResultsThe genetic factors for an increased risk of FGR were allele G of rs6046 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34) and genotype GG of rs6046 (OR = 2.64), whereas genotype GA of rs6046 had the protective value (OR = 0.42). A combination of alleles G of rs1799963, A of rs6046, and G of rs1800790 (OR = 0.31) reduces the risk of FGR.ConclusionPolymorphism rs6046 of the FVII gene is associated with the development of FGR.
Differential expression of EWI‐2 in endometriosis, its functional role and underlying molecular mechanisms
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate EWI‐2 expression in endometrium tissues collected from women with endometriosis at mRNA and protein levels, to evaluate its potential as a biomarker for endometriosis and to study its functional role via possible regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.MethodsEndometrium tissues were collected from patients with endometriosis and healthy individuals. EWI‐2 mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) while EWI‐2 protein levels were determined by western blotting. For functional studies, EWI‐2 shRNA was transfected in endometrial epithelial cells and the in vitro migration and invasion assays were performed using the Transwell chambers.ResultsEWI‐2 was significantly downregulated in tissues obtained from patients with endometriosis compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.0001). EWI‐2 expression in the secretory phase was lower than that in the proliferative phase (P < 0.0001). Receiver–operator curve analysis of EWI‐2 expression showed that the area under the curve for endometriosis diagnosis was 0.8942 (P = 0.003), 0.9643 (P = 0.0001), 0.9912 (P < 0.0001), and 0.9150 (P < 0.0001), respectively, for healthy women compared with women with endometriosis in matched comparisons of data originated from the proliferative, early, middle, and late secretory phases. Over the menstrual cycle, the expression of EWI‐2 was significantly decreased in the eutopic tissues compared to the ectopic tissues. Further cellular and molecular analyses showed that EWI‐2 inhibited cell migration and invasion via the Akt signaling.ConclusionOur findings suggested that downregulation of EWI‐2 may contribute to endometriosis physiopathology and potentiate EWI‐2 as a valuable diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Skin–mucous membrane disorder and therapeutic effect of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Ito Fuminori , Iwai Kana , Niiro Emiko , Shigetomi Hiroshi , Tanase Yasuhito , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimHand–foot syndrome (HFS) induced by chemotherapy and molecule‐targeting drugs is correlated with treatment efficacy. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the relationship between HFS and efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for recurrent ovarian cancer.MethodsPatients were treated with PLD between July 2009 and May 2014. We evaluated patient characteristics, incidence of adverse events, clinical benefit (rate of complete response, partial response, and stable disease), progression‐free survival, and overall survival.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were included in the study. Median age was 63 years (range, 41–77 years). The median number of cycles of PLD was 3 (range, 1–6). The clinical benefit rate was 33.3%, and progressive disease was noted in 18 patients (66.7%). Median overall survival was 6.7 months (range, 1.1–41 months). Compared with patients with grade 0/1 HFS and oral mucositis, patients with grade 2–4 toxicity (n = 9, 33.3%) had a significantly higher rate of clinical benefit (11.1% vs 77.7%; P < 0.001) and a longer median overall survival (3.7 months vs 20.8 months; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSeverity of HFS and mucositis may be a predictive marker of PLD efficacy. The prevention and management of HFS and mucositis are important for continued treatment.
Primary splenic pregnancy with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Gao Hongyan , Yuan Ting , Ding Yi , Lin Xingguang , Wang Qing , Dai Li , Jiang Guohua , Chen Jiming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrimary splenic pregnancy, a type of abdominal pregnancy, is very rare and potentially life‐threatening, particularly without an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Herein we describe the case of a 27‐year‐old woman who had primary splenic pregnancy with hemorrhagic shock due to spleen rupture, who was successfully treated by laparotomy.
Deregulation of c‐Src tyrosine kinase and its downstream targets in pre‐eclamptic placenta
Authors: Irtegun Sevgi , Akcora‐Yıldız Dilara , Pektanc Gulsum , Karabulut Cagla 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimPre‐eclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder characterized by the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria in the second trimester of pregnancy. The determination of a key signaling regulatory mechanism involved in placental functions is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. The aim of this study was to examine the activity of c‐Src and its downstream targets, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and Jun N‐terminal kinase, as well as nuclear factor (NF)‐ĸB in placental tissues collected from women with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsTen pre‐eclamptic (PE) placentas and 10 control placentas were used in this study. The Western blot method was performed to evaluate the c‐Src/ mitogen activated protein kinase/NF‐ĸB signaling pathway in each group.Resultsc‐Src phosphorylation at Tyr‐416, used as a measure of c‐Src activity, was significantly decreased in PE placentas relative to the control. Reduced c‐Src activity resulted in the suppression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of p38 and Jun N‐terminal kinase in PE placentas. Moreover, IĸBα phosphorylation was significantly elevated, while NF‐ĸB phosphorylation was suppressed in PE placentas.ConclusionsThe c‐Src/MAPK/NF‐ĸB signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia.
Personal control decreases narcissistic but increases non‐narcissistic in‐group positivity
Authors: Cichocka Aleksandra , de Zavala Agnieszka Golec , Marchlewska Marta , Bilewicz Michał , Jaworska Manana , Olechowski Mateusz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the effects of control motivation on in‐group positivity. Past research suggests that people compensate for low personal control by increasing support for social in‐groups. We predicted that the effect of personal control on in‐group positivity would depend on the type of in‐group positivity. Low personal control should increase compensatory, narcissistic in‐group positivity, whereas high personal control should increase secure, non‐narcissistic in‐group positivity.MethodThese hypotheses were tested in a cross‐sectional survey (Study 1 N = 1,083, 54% female, Mage = 47.68), two experiments (Study 2 N = 105, 50% female, Mage = 32.05; Study 3 N = 154, 40% female, Mage = 29.93), and a longitudinal survey (Study 4 N = 398, 51% female, Mage = 32.05).ResultsIn all studies, personal control was negatively associated with narcissistic in‐group positivity but positively associated with non‐narcissistic in‐group positivity. The longitudinal survey additionally showed that the positive relationship between personal control and non‐narcissistic in‐group positivity was reciprocal. Moreover, both types of in‐group positivity differentially mediated between personal control and out‐group attitudes: Narcissistic in‐group positivity predicted negative attitudes, and non‐narcissistic positivity predicted positive attitudes.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of individual motivation in fostering different types of in‐group positivity and intergroup outcomes.
Experiencing stigma as a nurse with mental illness
Authors: Peterson A. L. 
Published: May 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Stigma involves connecting individuals with a particular label to negative characteristics; this is based not on the stigmatized condition itself, but cultural reactions to it.

Stigma exists towards nurses with mental illness.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper offers a first‐person account of experiencing stigma as a nurse with a mental illness.

This paper incorporates the existing literature to offer a broader cultural perspective on the experiences of a nurse with a mental illness.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses are likely to encounter a nurse with a mental illness at some point in their practice.

Nurses’ reactions towards colleagues with mental illness can have significant implications for those colleague(s)’ wellbeing.

Nurses with mental illness will have to navigate their person and professional journey while giving consideration to the attitudes of their nursing peers and leaders.

AbstractLimited research has been done on the stigma faced by nurses with mental illness from their nursing peers. Mental illness is not generally considered acceptable within the context of nursing culture, so when nurses do experience mental illness, their experiences in a professional context may be influenced by stereotypes, particularly those relating to dangerousness. Using autoethnography as a research method, the author examines her own subjective experiences of stigma as a nurse with a mental illness, and draws upon existing literature on stigma, deviance and the phenomenon of mental illness in nurses to analyse broader cultural implications for nursing. Assessment of suitability to return to work arises throughout the narratives, and consideration is given to the way that risk assessment by nursing leaders is impacted by negative stereotypes that surround mental illness.