bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piloting a Novel Computational Framework for Identifying Prosthesis‐Specific Contributions to Gait Deviations
Authors: N'Guessan Jacques‐Ezechiel , Ahmed Muhammad Hassaan , Leineweber Matthew , Goyal Sachin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel computational framework for evaluating above‐knee prostheses, addressing a major challenge in gait deviation studies: distinguishing between prosthesis‐specific and patient‐specific contributions to gait deviations. This innovative approach utilizes three separate computational models to quantify the changes in gait dynamics necessary to achieve a set of ideal gait kinematics across different prosthesis designs. The pilot study presented here employs a simple two‐dimensional swing‐phase model to conceptually demonstrate how the outcomes of this three‐model framework can assess the extent to which prosthesis design impacts a user's ability to replicate the dynamics of able‐bodied gait. Furthermore, this framework offers potential for optimizing passive prosthetic devices for individual patients, thereby reducing the need for real‐life experiments, clinic visits, and overcoming rehabilitation challenges.
Carbonatoperoxovanadates with Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation: Insights from First‐Principles Calculations on Anisotropic Structures and Optical Parameters
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Hu Yuxin , Zhu Hui , Zhao Huiyan , He Chao , Wang Xihu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbonatoperoxovanadates are considered as promising functional materials in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optical properties, particularly strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response. However, the relationship between their geometric structures and optical properties remains unclear. Herein, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of carbonatoperoxovanadates A3VO(O2)2CO3 (A=K, Rb, and Cs) were investigated using first‐principles calculation. Results suggest that high‐density and parallel arrangement of nonlinear optical active [VO(O2)2CO3] units are conducive to generating large SHG response in A3[V(O2)2O]CO3. Optical anisotropy was observed. Birefringence values for A3[V(O2)2O]CO3 were comparable to those of commonly used infrared nonlinear optical materials. Specifically, results of tiny optical characteristics (local dipole moments, HUMO‐LUMO gap, polarizability anisotropy, and hyperpolarizability) indicate that asymmetry [VO(O2)2CO3] is an excellent nonlinear optical active functional unit, owing to the synergistic effect between its non‐centrosymmetric nonlinear optical elements. This study elucidates the structure‐property relationship of carbonatoperoxovanadates, offering valuable insights for designing novel high‐performance SHG materials.
Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability: Unleashing the Potential of Continuous Flow in Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo H. R. , de Castro Pedro P. , de Oliveira Kleber T. , Amarante Giovanni W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), which offer a rapid and efficient approach to synthesize complex molecular scaffolds, with continuous flow platforms is an increasingly recognized strategy in green synthesis. This association enables precise control over reaction parameters, including improved kinetics and selectivity, reduced reaction times, enhanced yields and scalabilities, while aligning with sustainable and green chemistry principles through resource utilization, minimized waste, and reduced environmental impact. This review presents a critical analysis of recent studies covering the MCR‐continuous flow association, with a focus on achieving greener and more sustainable synthesis practices.
Catalytic Fe2+ Cation Pair Site for Base‐free N‐Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Fukuda Takato , Akatsuka Masato , Chen Pengru , Tamura Masazumi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of heterogeneous Fe catalysts is very attractive due to the ubiquitous, abundant, and inexpensive nature of Fe as a resource. However, Fe oxides are commonly inert as catalysts and hence, the design and fabrication of active Fe sites are essential. Herein, the fabrication of an active Fe cation pair site by simple reduction treatment of SiO2‐supported FeOx (FeOx/SiO2) is presented. The active Fe cation pair site was formed by the removal of the oxygen atom between Fe cations of the FeOx on SiO2, namely oxygen vacancy formation, which is induced by temperature‐controlled reduction treatment. 773 K reduction maximized the Fe cation pair sites without the decomposition of FeOx species, which was an effective catalytic one for the N‐alkylation of amines mainly proceeded through Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) type reduction, which is achieved by the stabilization of six‐membered ring transition state derived from imines and alcohols over the open active site of the Fe cation pair site.
Tracking Small Animals in Complex Landscapes: A Comparison of Localisation Workflows for Automated Radio Telemetry Systems
Authors: Rueda‐Uribe Cristina , Sargent Alyssa J. , Echeverry‐Galvis María Ángela , Camargo‐Martínez Pedro A. , Capellini Isabella , Lancaster Lesley T. , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro , Travis Justin M. J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAutomated radio telemetry systems (ARTS) have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of animal movement by providing a near‐continuous record of individual locations in the wild. However, localisation errors in ARTS data can be very high, especially in natural landscapes with complex vegetation structure and topography. This curtails the research questions that may be addressed with this technology. We set up an ARTS grid in a valley with heterogeneous vegetation cover in the Colombian high Andes and applied an analytical pipeline to test the effectiveness of localisation methods. We performed calibration trials to simulate animal movement in high‐ or low‐flight, or walking on the ground, and compared workflows with varying decisions related to signal cleaning, selection, smoothing, and interpretation, along with four multilateration approaches. We also quantified the influence of spatial features on the system's accuracy. Results showed large variation in localisation error, ranging between 0.4–43.4 m and 474–1929 m, depending on the localisation method used. We found that the selection of higher radio signal strengths and data smoothing based on the temporal autocorrelation are useful tools to improve accuracy. Moreover, terrain ruggedness, height of movement, vegetation type, and the location of animals inside or outside the grid area influence localisation error. In the case of our study system, thousands of location points were successfully estimated for two high‐altitude hummingbird species that previously lacked movement data. Our case study on hummingbirds suggests ARTS grids can be used to estimate small animals' home ranges, associations with vegetation types, and seasonality in occurrence. We present a comparative localisation pipeline, highlighting the variety of possible decisions while processing radio signal data. Overall, this study provides guidance to improve the resolution of location estimates, broadening the application of this tracking technology in the study of the spatial ecology of wild populations.
In situ tests of building structures isolated by innovative three‐dimensional vibration isolation bearings
Authors: Cao Yingri , Pan Peng , He Zhizhou , Sun Jiangbo , Wen Jiangtao , Mao Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn innovative three‐dimensional vibration isolation bearing (3D‐VIB) was proposed in past studies to mitigate rail‐induced vibration and improve the seismic performance of buildings. The 3D‐VIB was composed of a thick laminated rubber bearing as the vertical vibration isolation element and a friction pendulum system as the horizontal seismic isolation element. In this study, in situ tests were carried out on a subway over‐track structure with 3D‐VIBs. The in situ tests included the subway‐induced vibration excitation test and the horizontal loading test on the same structure. In the subway‐induced vibration excitation test, the vertical isolation performance of the test structure was changed by transforming the isolation layer from a normal vibration‐isolation‐state to a non‐isolation‐state. The comparison between the two states proved that the installation of 3D‐VIBs significantly changed the vertical vibration mode and reduced the subway‐induced vibration of the superstructure. The shear performances of the isolated structure were examined by the horizontal loading test, which subjected the superstructure to a large horizontal movement under external load. The shear performances of the structure with 3D‐VIBs were consistent with that of the 3D‐VIB specimens measured in the laboratory. The in situ tests confirmed the effectiveness and stability of the 3D‐VIBs when applied to practical engineering.
Seismic design and analysis of truss‐confined buckling‐restrained braces
Authors: Wu An‐Chien , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Chen Chun , Chen Lu‐An , Tsai Ching‐Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe truss‐confined buckling‐restrained brace (TC‐BRB) with a varying or constant section truss confining system was proposed for applications of long span and large force capacities. Their feasibility and hysteresis behavior were examined through experimental investigations. This paper presents an original formulation of the elastic buckling resistance of the novel restraining system, considering the shear reduction effect. The findings indicate that the chord predominantly contributes to the flexural rigidity in the restraining system, while the post primarily contributes to the overall shear rigidity. Subsequently, the ultimate compressive strength of a TC‐BRB is evaluated, incorporating the effects of chord residual stress, length differences between the restrainer and entire brace, and initial in‐plane flexural deformation, based on available experimental data. A numerical procedure employing finite element model (FEM) analysis is introduced to simulate the mechanical characteristics of TC‐BRBs. The critical loads are verified through FEM analyses and test results. The failure mode observed in the numerical models is the instability of the chords near the midspan, as expected. A simplified approach for determining the ultimate compressive strength and design recommendations for TC‐BRBs are provided for engineering practice.
Is prior bullying victimization associated with subsequent bullying perpetration? A theoretical framework based on the Threat‐Motivation model
Authors: Li Xi , Zhao Yuejiao , Jiang Kewen , Shi Ke , Gong Fangying , Chen Ning , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionBullying among adolescents is a global public health issue prevalent in schools, posing significant risks to positive adolescent development. Studies have shown that bullied adolescents tend to engage in more bullying perpetration, but this underlying process of longitudinal correlation has not been fully elucidated.MethodsBased on two waves of longitudinal data collected from 347 junior and 144 senior high school students in China (Mage = 13.66 years, SDage = 1.46, 59.27% boys) at 1‐year intervals, two moderated chain‐mediation models were used to explore the longitudinal correlations between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration and its underlying processes.ResultsThe results found a significant positive correlation between adolescents’ bullying victimization experiences 1 year prior and bullying perpetration 1 year later. Furthermore, fear of negative evaluation and psychache played a longitudinal chain‐mediating role in the process, with self‐esteem and grade moderating this mediating pathway, either enhancing or weakening the effect.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that prior bullying victimization is longitudinally and positively associated with subsequent bullying perpetration among adolescents. This process is mediated by fear of negative evaluation and psychache, with self‐esteem and grade level as moderators. Based on these conclusions, we have formulated the Threat‐Motivation Model, offering a framework to understand the relationship between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. Practical implications, including strategies to reduce bullying in youth groups, are discussed.
Advances in the mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Gui Zebin , Zhang Lirong , Wang Zhongqun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).A series of factors, such as calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, uremic toxin accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress and cellular senescence, cause osteoblast‐like differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and imbalance of calcium regulatory factors, which together promote the development of VC in CKD. Recent advances in epigenetics have provided better tools for the investigation of VC etiology and new approaches for finding more accurate biomarkers. These advances have not only deepened our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of VC in CKD, but also provided valuable clues for the optimization of clinical predictors and the exploration of potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of CKD VC, especially the new advances made in recent years, including the various key factors mentioned above. Through the comprehensive analysis, we expect to provide a solid theoretical foundation and research direction for future studies targeting the specific mechanisms of CKD VC, the establishment of clinical predictive indicators and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Masseter and Anterior Temporal Muscle Thickness and Internal Structure in Young Adult Patients With Bruxism
Authors: Aslan Elif Meltem , Artaş Aslıhan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe current study is a comparative cross‐sectional analysis study to determine the thickness and internal structure of the masseter muscle (MM) and anterior temporal muscle (ATM) in patients with bruxism by ultrasonography (USG).Materials and MethodsA total of 100 patients (36 males, 64 females), 50 with bruxism and 50 without bruxism, aged 20–30 years were included in the study. All patients were investigated with MM and ATM USG. The thickness of the muscles was measured at rest and during clenching and the internal structure at rest was classified as Type I, II, and III. Differences in the internal structure between bruxism and non‐bruxism groups were determined using the Chi‐square test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe most common internal structure in bruxism was Type 2 in MM (74%) and Type 1 in ATM (46%), whereas in non‐bruxism, Type 1 in MM (58%) and Type 1 in ATM (80%) were found most frequently. While there was a statistically significant difference in the internal echogenic pattern in the right MM and ATM in bruxism (p < 0.05), no significant difference was observed on the left side (p > 0.05). Bruxism patients had higher rest and clench thicknesses than non‐bruxism patients on both sides in MM and ATM, however, this did not result in a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results obtained showed that the evaluation of internal structure and thickness differences via USG is crucial in understanding the nature of the bruxism process affecting the masseter and ATM, facilitating its clinical diagnosis and leading to its treatment.
Microscopic Characterization of the Infectious Process, ROS Production, and Fungi Cellular Death of Alternaria alternata on Tangerine Resistant to QoIs
Authors: Condé Thiago Oliveira , Dorigan Adriano Francis , Moreira Silvino Intra , da Silveira Patricia Ricardino , Alves Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTQuinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance in Alternaria alternata populations was reported in Brazil for the first time in 2019, in São Paulo orchards, and the mutation G143A in cytochrome b (cytb) was found in resistant isolates. Our study investigated the infectious process, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and fungal cell death in resistant (QoI‐R) and sensitive (QoI‐S) A. alternata pathotype tangerine (Aapt) isolates. Morphological characterization of Aapt isolates was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Alternaria brown spot (ABS) symptoms were produced by Aapt isolates on tangelo cv. BRS Piemonte. Germination of QoI‐R conidia and production of germ tubes on tangelo leaflets treated with 100 μg mL−1 of pyraclostrobin 18 h after inoculation (hai) was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the same time, QoI‐S conidial germination was inhibited on tangelo leaflets treated with pyraclostrobin. ROS production and cell death in Aapt isolates at high fungicide concentrations were observed using CLSM. QoI‐S conidia exhibited high ROS production, indicating high oxidative stress. When dyed with propidium iodate (PI), QoI‐S conidia emitted red fluorescence, showing cell death and confirming their sensitive phenotype. In contrast, QoI‐R conidia neither produced ROS nor exhibited red fluorescence, indicating no cell death and confirming their resistant phenotype. Therefore, our findings evidence that microscopic techniques may help characterize events during fungi–plant interactions, ROS production, cell death, and Aapt phenotypes resistant and sensitive to QoIs using fluorometric protocols.
Serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulin treatment in COVID‐19 is associated with faster resolution of symptoms: A randomized pilot clinical trial
Authors: Utay Netanya S. , Güerri‐Fernández Roberto , Gharakhanian Shahin , Asmuth David M. , Contreras Moises , Kunkler Charlotte , Detzel Christopher J. , Warner Christopher D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective treatment to prevent hospitalization and death in people with COVID‐19 exists, but people still need interventions that alleviate symptoms without drug interactions. Oral serum‐derived bovine immunoglobulins (SBI) may reduce symptoms and time‐to‐improvement in people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. In this randomized, open‐label, single‐site study, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 received SBI 5.0 g bis in die (BID) + Standard of Care (SOC) or SOC alone (2:1) for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, 78.8% of hospitalized participants on SBI + SOC improved by World Health Organization (WHO) scale of ≥3 compared to 61.1% on SOC alone (odds ratio: OR = 2.4; p = 0.0663), with older participants (>57 years) showing more significant differences between the arms (OR = 6.1; p = 0.0109). Further, more participants on SBI + SOC reported absence of COVID‐19 symptoms at Week 2 (74.2%) compared to SOC alone (43.6%; OR = 3.7; p = 0.0031), most notably the absence of dyspnea on exertion (OR = 4.4; p = 0.0047), with women exhibiting the most significant eradication of all symptoms (OR = 5.8; p = 0.0080). No difference in change of IL‐6 between arms was observed. Overall, participants with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 on SBI + SOC had a shorter time‐to‐recovery than on SOC alone, with a significantly higher rate of complete resolution of symptoms. Dyspnea on exertion was the symptom most significantly impacted. For people with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19, oral SBI could be a safe and effective intervention, devoid of drug interactions.
Gait stability improves following unilateral total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Barylak Martin , Arena Sara L. , Carpentier Stephanie H. , Queen Robin M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnd‐stage ankle arthritis is often treated surgically by total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) due to its potential to improve gait through increased joint range of motion and reduce pain. However, TAA's effect on gait stability is not well understood. This study explores the impact of TAA on gait stability, measured by Margin of Stability (MoS), in 148 patients with end‐stage ankle arthritis. Kinematic data were collected pre‐operatively, at 1‐year post‐op, and at 2‐years post‐op and the MoS was determined at heel strike and midstance for the anteroposterior (MoSAP) and mediolateral (MoSML) directions. A linear mixed effects model including gait speed as a factor was used to assess the effects of limb, session, and their interaction on outcome measures. A significant interaction (p < 0.002) between limb (surgical, nonsurgical) and session (pre‐op, 1‐year post‐op, 2‐years post‐op) was identified for each MoS variable of interest. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the nonsurgical limb, MoSAP at heel strike and MoSML at midstance improved (increased) as time from surgery increased. These results suggest patients developed a compensatory movement pattern to navigate surgical limb single support. TAA reduces this compensation improving side‐to‐side symmetry, while not fully restoring symmetry by 2‐years post‐op. These results indicate that TAA could improve gait stability in patients with end‐stage ankle arthritis, but further work is needed to understand the impact of TAA on altering fall risk.
Fabrication, characterization and simulated gastrointestinal digestion of sea buckthorn pulp oil microcapsule: effect of wall material and interfacial bilayer stabilization
Authors: Bai Ge , Zhao Man , Chen Xiao‐Wei , Ma Chuan‐Guo , Ma Yan , Xianqing Huang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pulp oil is rich in functional components; however, low water solubility and stability limit its applications. This study fabricated sea buckthorn pulp oil microcapsules using whey protein isolate (WPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium caseinate (NaCN), gum arabic (GA), starch sodium octenylsuccinate (OSAS) and SPI mixed with chitosan (CHI). The influences of these wall materials on physicochemical properties, release behavior and digestibility were explored.RESULTSProtein‐based wall materials (WPI, NaCN, SPI) demonstrated lower bulk densities due to their porous structures and larger particle sizes, while GA and OSAS produced denser microcapsules. Encapsulation efficiency was the highest for protein‐based microcapsules (79.41–89.12%) and the lowest for GA and OSAS. The surface oil percentage of protein‐based microcapsules (1.41–4.40%) was lower than that of the other microcapsules. Protein‐based microcapsules showed concave and cracked surfaces, while GA and OSAS microcapsules were spherical and smooth. CHI improved reconstitution performance, leading to faster dissolution. During simulated gastrointestinal digestion, protein‐based microcapsules released more free fatty acids (FFAs) in the intestinal phase, while CHI‐modified SPI microcapsules showed a delayed release pattern due to thicker walls.CONCLUSIONProtein‐based wall materials were more effective for sea buckthorn pulp oil microencapsulation, providing higher encapsulation efficiency, better flow properties and releasing more FFAs. The addition of CHI led to the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of the microcapsule wall and resulted in sustained release during in vitro intestinal digestion. These findings suggested the potential of protein‐based microcapsules for targeted delivery and improved applications of bioactive oils in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.