bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing hydrophobicity of amino acid side chains in a protein environment via measuring contact angle of a water nanodroplet on planar peptide network
Authors: Zhu Chongqin , Gao Yurui , Li Hui , Meng Sheng , Li Lei , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Quantitative characterization of hydrophobicity of amino acid side chains in protein environment has important implications to the understanding of the hydrophobic effects and their role in protein folding. Numerous parameters were developed previously to determine hydrophobicity of amino acid residues. However, these hydrophobicity scales are not always correlated consistently. Here, we constructed artificial planar peptide networks composed of unified amino acid side chains, considering both the primary and β-sheet secondary structure of the protein. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we computed the contact angle of a water nanodroplet on the peptide networks for all 20 types of amino acids. Our simulations offer a bridge that can connect thermodynamic hydrophobic data of amino acid residues and contact angle measurement widely used in engineering fields.
Turkish children’s early vocabulary
Authors: Kaygusuz Yasin , Zeyrek Deniz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study examines the lexical development of two Turkish sisters (aged 1;4 and 2;3) and measures their lexical diversity in spontaneous production data. It suggests that the dependence of the TTR (type-to-token ratio) on the token size may indicate differential levels of lexical diversity. To measure the decrease in the TTR with respect to the increasing token size, it provides a method based on Herdan’s Log TTR. The noun TTR is found to be higher than the TTR of other lexical categories in the data, implying the prevalence of nouns in early lexicon until a sharp increase in the verb TTR around 2;3.
Learning to think, talk, and gesture about motion in language-specific ways
Authors: Özçalışkan Şeyda , Emerson Samantha N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Languages differ systematically in the way they express spatial motion, rendering it as a highly relevant domain to examine effects of language on nonverbal representation of events. In this chapter, we focus on Turkish and English, the two languages that differ strongly in their expression of motion events. Our review of existing work – spanning across adult and child native speakers of the two languages (as well as several others) – suggests early emergence of language-specific patterns in speech, and possibly in gesture. Our review also highlights some key areas of further research that could shed new light on the effect of language on nonverbal representation of motion, particularly at the early ages.
Verbal functional categories in the speech of a Turkish speaking child with autism
Authors: Günhan N. Evra 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Language impairment is considered to be one of the most definitive features of autism. Yet, similar to other capabilities of this population, the language use shows great variability. In an attempt to have a better understanding of how this linguistic impairment is manifested in the Turkish-speaking population, the present case study investigates particular syntactic abilities of a seven-year-old Turkish-speaking child with autism. Spontaneous speech samples of the participant were collected at a single session and analyzed to see whether there were any diversions from the normal language acquisition patterns. The results suggest that the participant differs from his normally developing peers with respect to his syntactic development, in particular his production of verbal functional categories.
Precipitation behaviour during creep in 10%Cr steel for turbine rotors
Authors: Mikami M. 
Published: November 2016

To reveal the precipitation behaviour in relation to creep deformation, microstructural investigation on the specimens creep-ruptured and creep-interrupted at various time under 600°C and 120 MPa was conducted in a 10%Cr steel forging. M23C6 carbides, Cr-rich M2X and V-rich VX carbonitrides are detected on the heat-treated specimen. Most of the precipitates are M23C6 carbides and the recovery of the martensitic lath microstructure during creep are suppressed by them. There is a good relationship between the carbides growth and the creep deformation behaviour: the beginning of the significant coarsening corresponds to the transition from the primary to acceleration creep. The creep deformation is not affected by the precipitation of Laves phase and VX carbonitrides present around the grain boundaries. This paper is part of a thematic issue on the 9th International Charles Parsons Turbine and Generator Conference. All papers have been revised and extended before publication in Materials Science and Technology.
The experience of captaincy in professional sport: The case of elite professional rugby
Authors: Cotterill Stewart T. , Cheetham Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe captain is perceived to be an important member of the leadership structure within teams across many professional sports. However, while there is a general acceptance that this is the case, there is very little research exploring the role and associated demands at an elite level. As a result, the aim of this study was to explore the captaincy experiences of elite professional rugby union captains. The participants were eight male captains purposefully sampled for this study. Participants were interviewed individually to gain an understanding of each participant's captaincy experiences. The data were thematically analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine super‐ordinate themes emerged in the study: role, skills, requirements, challenges, the coach, development, experience, context, and approach. Results suggest that the captaincy role is broader than previously highlighted, particularly at the elite level. Also, the study highlights inconsistencies in the selection of captains and a lack of formal developmental support for elite rugby captains. As a result, future research should explore the development of specific evidence‐based approaches to captain selection and development.
EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliheat-stable toxin and heat-labile toxin toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-dmLT induces neutralizing anti-STa antibodies in subcutaneously immunized mice
Authors: Nandre Rahul , Ruan Xiaosai , Duan Qiangde , Zhang Weiping 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bacteria producing heat-stable toxin (STa) and/or heat-labile toxin (LT) are among top causes of children's diarrhea and travelers’ diarrhea. Currently no vaccines are available for ETEC associated diarrhea. A major challenge in developing ETEC vaccines is the inability to stimulate protective antibodies against the key STa toxin that is potently toxic and also poorly immunogenic. A recent study suggested toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-dmLT, which consists of a monomer LT toxoid (LTR192G/L211A) and three copies of STa toxoid STaN12S, may represent an optimal immunogen inducing neutralizing antibodies against STa toxin [IAI 2014, 82(5):1823-32]. In this study, we immunized mice with this fusion protein following a different parenteral route and using different adjuvants to further characterize immunogenicity of this toxoid fusion. Data from this study showed that 3xSTaN12S-dmLT toxoid fusion induced neutralizing anti-STa antibodies in the mice following subcutaneous immunization, as effectively as in the mice under intraperitoneal route. Data also indicated that double mutant LT (dmLT) can be an effective adjuvant for this toxoid fusion in mice subcutaneous immunization. Results from this study affirmed that toxoid fusion 3xSTaN12S-dmLT induces neutralizing antibodies against STa toxin, suggesting this toxoid fusion is potentially a promising immunogen for ETEC vaccine development.
Adequate target volume in total-body irradiation by intensity-modulated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy: a simulation study
Authors: Takenaka Ryosuke , Haga Akihiro , Yamashita Hideomi , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Recently, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been used for total-body irradiation (TBI). Since the planning target volume (PTV) for TBI includes the surrounding air, a dose prescription to the PTV provides high fluence to the body surface. Thus with just a small set-up error, the body might be exposed to a high-fluence beam. This study aims to assess which target volume should be prescribed the dose, such as a clinical target volume (CTV) with a margin, or a CTV that excludes the surface area of the skin. Three treatment plans were created for each patient: the 5-mm clipped plan (Plan A), the 0-mm margin plan (Plan B) and the 5-mm margin plan (Plan C). The CTV was the whole body. PTVs were the CTV with the exception of 5 mm from the skin surface in Plan A, equal to the CTV in Plan B, and the CTV with a 5 mm margin in Plan C. The prescribed dose was 12 Gy in six fractions. To assess the influence of the set-up error, dose distributions were simulated on computed tomography (CT) images shifted 2 pixels (= 4.296 mm), 5 pixels (= 10.74 mm) and 10 pixels (= 21.48 mm) in the lateral direction from the original CT. With a set-up error of 10.74 mm, V110% was 8.8%, 11.1% and 23.3% in Plans A, B and C, respectively. The prescription to the PTV containing the surrounding air can be paradoxically vulnerable to a high-dose as a consequence of a small set-up error.
Stray Dogs and the Making of Modern Paris*
Authors: Pearson Chris 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article traces the policing of stray dogs in Paris from the French Revolution to the outbreak of the First World War. It argues that long-standing rabies anxieties dovetailed with the emergence of the public hygiene movement, fears of rapid urbanization, vagrancy and crime, modernization projects, and the veneration of the pedigree pet dog to cast the stray dog as an unwelcome presence on the city’s streets. Parisian public hygienists and authorities turned strays into a problem that they would solve to make the city safe, clean and modern. Combating strays became a matter of social defence and medical police.
Maternal Psychological Distress and Offspring Psychological Adjustment in Emerging Adulthood: Findings from Over 18 Years
Authors: Nilsen Wendy , Dion Jacinthe , Karevold Evalill Bølstad , Skipstein Anni 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine the long-term prediction of psychological maladaptive (i.e., symptoms of anxiety and depression) and adaptive adjustment (i.e., self-efficacy) in emerging adult offspring from trajectories of maternal psychological distress from toddlerhood to adolescence.

Method:
Trajectories of maternal psychological distress (low, moderate, high, and low-rising patterns) from toddlerhood (age 1.5 years) to adolescence (age 14.5 years) were used to predict psychological adjustment in emerging adult offspring (age 18–20 years) (n = 400).

Results:
Adverse maternal distress trajectories during childhood were linked to maladaptive and adaptive adjustment in adult offspring. Consistently high maternal distress levels experienced across childhood predicted higher symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower self-efficacy than low maternal distress trajectories. Two other adverse maternal distress trajectories (consistently moderate and low-rising patterns) compared with the low trajectory predicted higher offspring depressive symptoms. The findings persisted when adjusting for potential confounders: offspring gender and maternal education, relationship status, language, and economy.

Conclusion:
The current study showed longitudinal multi-informant impact from adverse maternal distress trajectories to adult offspring maladjustment over 18 years, emphasizing the importance of early identification and prevention.
OCULAR HYPERTENSION AFTER INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE (OZURDEX) SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT
Authors: Chin Eric K. , Almeida David R. P. , Velez Gabriel , Xu Kunyong , Peraire Maria , Corbella Maria , Elshatory Yasser M. , Kwon Young H. , Gehrs Karen M. , Boldt H. Culver , Sohn Elliott H. , Russell Stephen R. , Folk James C. , Mahajan Vinit B. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate ocular hypertension (OHT) after Ozurdex injection to determine the incidence of OHT, therapy for OHT, and any associative factors such as diagnosis, underlying glaucoma and therapy, or sequential Ozurdex injection(s).

Methods:
Retrospective consecutive case series with patients receiving one or more intravitreal Ozurdex implantations at a tertiary care academic center. Ocular hypertension was defined as a single measurement of ≥30 mmHg or an increase of ≥10 mmHg from baseline.

Results:
Ninety-four injections in 52 patients (59 eyes) were reviewed. Forty eyes received a single injection, and 19 eyes received multiple injections. Ocular hypertension developed in 14 patients (26.9%). Thirteen patients (25%) had preexisting glaucoma or suspicion of glaucoma, and 6 of these developed OHT. Glaucoma eye drops were initiated after 13 injections (13.8%). Invasive surgery for glaucoma was required in 3 patients (3.2%): all had glaucoma or suspicion of glaucoma (one case was related to neovascular glaucoma and unlikely related to steroid response after Ozurdex). There was no difference in relative intraocular pressure increase (i.e., difference between final follow-up or subsequent intravitreal injection vs. baseline) between single versus multiple Ozurdex injections (P = 0.883).

Conclusion:
Patients (26.9%) who received Ozurdex developed OHT. Glaucoma or glaucoma-suspicion factors were present in all patients who required invasive surgery for glaucoma. A greater proportion of patients who received multiple injections had an intraocular pressure elevation, but the relative intraocular pressure increase was not significant.
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Greuter Thomas , Bertoldo Fabio , Rechner Roman , Straumann Alex , Biedermann Luc , Zeitz Jonas , Misselwitz Benjamin , Scharl Michael , Rogler Gerhard , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Ali Raja A.R. , Braegger Christian , Heyland Klaas , Mueller Pascal , Nydegger Andreas , Petit Laetitia‐Marie , Schibli Susanne , Furlano Raoul I. , Spalinger Johannes , Schäppi Michela , Zamora Samuel , Froehlich Florian , Herzog Denise , Schoepfer Alain M. , Vavricka Stephan R. ,   Swiss IBD Cohort Study Group
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:There is a paucity of data on extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) and their treatment in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods:Since 2008, the Pediatric Swiss IBD Cohort Study has collected data on the pediatric IBD population in Switzerland. Data on 329 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 55 patients (16.7%) experienced 1–4 EIM (39 Crohn disease, 12 ulcerative colitis, and 4 IBD‐unclassified patients). At IBD onset, presence of EIM was more frequent than in the adult population (8.5% vs 5.0%, P = 0.014). EIM were more frequent in Crohn disease when compared to ulcerative colitis/IBD‐unclassified (22.5% vs 10.3%, P = 0.003). The most prevalent EIM were peripheral arthritis (26/329, 7.9%) and aphthous stomatitis (24/329, 7.3%). Approximately 27.6% of all EIM appeared before IBD diagnosis. Median time between IBD diagnosis and occurrence of first EIM was 1 month (−37.5–149.0). Thirty‐one of the 55 patients (56.4%) were treated with 1 or more anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents. IBD patients with EIM were more likely to be treated with anti‐TNF compared to those without (56.4% vs 35.0%, P = 0.003). Response rates to anti‐TNF depended on underlying EIM and were best for peripheral arthritis (61.5%) and uveitis (66.7%).Conclusions:In a cohort of pediatric patients with IBD, EIM were frequently encountered. In up to 30%, EIM appeared before IBD diagnosis. Knowledge of these findings may translate into an increased awareness of underlying IBD, thereby decreasing diagnostic delay. Anti‐TNF for the treatment of certain EIM is effective, although a substantial proportion of new EIM may present despite ongoing anti‐TNF therapy.
Understanding Advanced Prostate Cancer Decision Making Utilizing an Interactive Decision Aid
Authors: Jones Randy A. , Hollen Patricia J. , Wenzel Jennifer , Weiss Geoff , Song Daniel , Sims Terran , Petroni Gina 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. Patients with advanced prostate cancer are vulnerable to difficult treatment decisions because of the nature of their disease.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to describe and understand the lived experience of patients with advanced prostate cancer and their decision partners who utilized an interactive decision aid, DecisionKEYS, to make informed, shared treatment decisions.

Methods:
This qualitative study uses a phenomenological approach that included a sample of 35 pairs of patients and their decision partners (16 pairs reflected patients with <6 months since their diagnosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; 19 pairs reflected patients with >6 months since their diagnosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer). Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews was conducted describing the lived experience of patients with advanced prostate cancer and their decision partners using an interactive decision aid.

Results:
Three major themes emerged: (1) the decision aid facilitated understanding of treatment options; (2) quality of life was more important than quantity of life; and (3) contact with healthcare providers greatly influenced decisions.

Conclusions:
Participants believed the decision aid helped them become more aware of their personal values, assisted in their treatment decision making, and facilitated an interactive patient–healthcare provider relationship.

Implications for Practice:
Decision aids assist patients, decision partners, and healthcare providers make satisfying treatment decisions that affect quality/quantity of life. These findings are important for understanding the experiences of patients who have to make difficult decisions.
Validity of the Associated Symptom Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Lee Siau Pheng , Ong Clarissa , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Previous findings on the diagnostic validity and reliability of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)–associated symptom criteria suggest need for further evaluation. The current study examined convergent validity and specificity of GAD-associated symptoms in a representative Singapore community sample. The Singapore of Mental Health Study a cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted among 6166 Singapore residents aged 18 and older. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 was used to diagnose mental disorders. Associated symptoms in the GAD criteria and autonomic hyperactivity symptoms showed convergent validity with a GAD diagnosis. However, associated symptoms of GAD were also linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting lack of adequate specificity. The inability of the diagnostic criteria to differentiate GAD from symptoms of other conditions highlights the need to better define its associated symptoms criteria. The relationship of overlapping symptoms between GAD and MDD is also discussed.
Hypochondriasis Differs From Panic Disorder and Social Phobia
Authors: Höfling Volkmar , Weck Florian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Studies of the comorbidity of hypochondriasis have indicated high rates of cooccurrence with other anxiety disorders. In this study, the contrast among hypochondriasis, panic disorder, and social phobia was investigated using specific processes drawing on cognitive-perceptual models of hypochondriasis. Affective, behavioral, cognitive, and perceptual processes specific to hypochondriasis were assessed with 130 diagnosed participants based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria (66 with hypochondriasis, 32 with panic disorder, and 32 with social phobia). All processes specific to hypochondriasis were more intense for patients with hypochondriasis in contrast to those with panic disorder or social phobia (0.61 < d < 2.67). No differences were found between those with hypochondriasis with comorbid disorders and those without comorbid disorders. Perceptual processes were shown to best discriminate between patients with hypochondriasis and those with panic disorder.
The Immunohistochemical Analysis of SOCS3 Protein Identifies a Subgroup of Prostatic Cancer Biopsies With Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Pierconti Francesco , Martini Maurizio , Cenci Tonia , Larocca Luigi M. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Recently, we demonstrated that hypermethylation of SOCS3 determines a significant reduction of its mRNA and protein expression and identifies a subgroup of prostate cancer with aggressive behavior. In this paper, our objective was to investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of the SOCS3 protein could represent an alternative method to molecular analysis for the individualization of aggressive prostate carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed the SOCS3 immunohistochemical expression in 65 patients undergoing biopsies at the Institute of Urology of our hospital between September 2011 and October 2011 (median age, 66.4 y; range, 50 to 73 y), and in 35 cases, a subset of 65 cases originally used for the immunohistochemical study, we studied the methylation status of the SOCS3 promoter.

Results:
We found that the percentage of cases with SOCS3 negativity (-) or with SOCS3 weak staining in <50% of the neoplastic glands (+/-) correlated to the worst prognosis in terms of the Gleason score (P=0.0001; Fisher’s exact test), the pT stage (P=0.012; Fisher’s exact test), and progression-free survival (P=0.0334; hazard ratio, 0.34; and 95% confidence interval, from 0.1261 to 0.9188). Moreover, some cases with an SOCS3 unmethylated pattern showed SOCS3-negative immunostaining (-) or SOCS3-negative glands with weak cytoplasmatic staining in <50% of the neoplastic glands (+/-).

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that in prostatic cancer biopsies, the immunohistochemical analysis of SOCS3 protein expression may provide a method that is less expensive and easier to apply than SOCS3 methylation analysis for the distinction of a subgroup of prostate cancer with a more aggressive behavior.