bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the planetesimal belt of HR 8799 with ALMA
Authors: Booth Mark , Jordán Andrés , Casassus Simon , Hales Antonio S. , Dent William R. F. , Faramaz Virginie , Matrà Luca , Barkats Denis , Brahm Rafael , Cuadra Jorge 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The star HR 8799 hosts one of the largest known debris discs and at least four giant planets. Previous observations have found evidence for a warm belt within the orbits of the planets, a cold planetesimal belt beyond their orbits and a halo of small grains. With the infrared data, it is hard to distinguish the planetesimal belt emission from that of the grains in the halo. With this in mind, the system has been observed with ALMA in band 6 (1.34 mm) using a compact array format. These observations allow the inner edge of the planetesimal belt to be resolved for the first time. A radial distribution of dust grains is fitted to the data using an MCMC method. The disc is best fitted by a broad ring between $145^{+12}_{-12}$ au and $429^{+37}_{-32}$ au at an inclination of $40^{+5}_{-6}{^{\circ }}$ and a position angle of $51^{+8}_{-8}{^{\circ }}$. A disc edge at ∼145 au is too far out to be explained simply by interactions with planet b, requiring either a more complicated dynamical history or an extra planet beyond the orbit of planet b.
Flares from Galactic Centre pulsars: a new class of X-ray transients?
Authors: Giannios Dimitrios , Lorimer Duncan R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Despite intensive searches, the only pulsar within 0.1 pc of the central black hole in our Galaxy, Sgr A*, is a radio-loud magnetar. Since magnetars are rare among the Galactic neutron star population, and a large number of massive stars are already known in this region, the Galactic Centre (GC) should harbour a large number of neutron stars. Population syntheses suggest several thousand neutron stars may be present in the GC. Many of these could be highly energetic millisecond pulsars which are also proposed to be responsible for the GC gamma-ray excess. We propose that the presence of a neutron star within 0.03 pc from Sgr A* can be revealed by the shock interactions with the disc around the central black hole. As we demonstrate, these interactions result in observable transient non-thermal X-ray and gamma-ray emission over time-scales of months, provided that the spin-down luminosity of the neutron star is Lsd ∼ 1035 erg s−1. Current limits on the population of normal and millisecond pulsars in the GC region suggest that a number of such pulsars are present with such luminosities.
Ionizing Radiation Doses Detected at the Eye Level of the Primary Surgeon During Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Cheriachan Deepak , Hughes Adrian M. , du Moulin William S. M. , Williams Christopher , Molnar Robert 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate the ionizing radiation dose received by the eyes of orthopaedic surgeons during various orthopaedic procedures. Secondary objective was to compare the ionizing radiation dose received between differing experience level.

Design:
Prospective comparative study between January 2013 and May 2014.

Setting:
Westmead Hospital, a Level 1 Trauma Centre for Greater Western Sydney.

Participants:
A total of 26 surgeons volunteered to participate within the study.

Intervention:
Experience level, procedure performed, fluoroscopy time, dose area product, total air kerma, and eye dose received was recorded. Participants were evaluated on procedure and experience level.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Radiation dose received at eye level by the primary surgeon during an orthopaedic procedure.

Results:
Data from a total of 131 cases was recorded and included for analysis. The mean radiation dose detected at the eye level of the primary surgeon was 0.02 mSv (SD = 0.05 mSv) per procedure. Radiation at eye level was only detected in 31 of the 131 cases. The highest registered dose for a single procedure was 0.31 mSv. Femoral nails and pelvic fixation procedures had a significantly higher mean dose received than other procedure groups (0.04 mSv (SD = 0.07 mSv) and 0.04 mSv (SD = 0.06 mSv), respectively). Comparing the eye doses received by orthopaedic consultants and trainees, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The risk of harmful levels of radiation exposure at eye level to orthopaedic surgeons is low. This risk is greatest during insertion of femoral intramedullary nails and pelvic fixation, and it is recommended that in these situations, surgeons take all reasonable precautions to minimize radiation dose. The orthopaedic trainees in this study were not subjected to higher doses of radiation than their consultant trainers. On the basis of these results, most of the orthopaedic surgeons remain well below the yearly radiation dose of 20 mSv as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
Resolution of Cardiogenic Shock Using Echocardiography-Guided Pacing Optimization in Intensive Care: A Case Series*
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , Kontogeorgis Andy , Bergsland Niels P. , Price Susanna 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
Inotropic and vasopressor drugs are routinely used in critically ill patients to maintain adequate blood pressure and cardiac output in patients with cardiogenic shock although potentially at the expense of increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Pacing optimization has been demonstrated as effective in reducing catecholamine requirements in patients with chronic heart failure by improving cardiac efficiency; however, there are no reports relating to the effectiveness of pacemaker optimization on cardiac output in critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock in the intensive care.

Data Sources:
Retrospective data analysis.

Study Selection:
Twenty-bed adult tertiary cardiothoracic ICU, university hospital.

Data Extraction:
Eight sequential patients receiving dual chamber pacemaker with DDD modality with cardiogenic shock and hemodynamic instability refractory to catecholamines underwent echocardiography-guided pacemaker optimization of cardiac output. An iterative method with Doppler echocardiography was used to assess changes in cardiac output, left ventricular filling time, ejection time, total isovolumic time, mitral regurgitation, ejection fraction, and blood pressure at different increments of heart rate, and atrioventricular and interventricular delay. All results are shown as median (minimum/maximum level) or mean ± sd.

Data Synthesis:
Using echocardiography-guided pacemaker optimization on cardiac output, the cardiac output increased from 3.2 (2.3/3.8) to 5.7 L/min (4.85/7.1) and cardiac index from 1.64 (1.1/1.9) to 2.68 L/min/m2 (2.1/3.2) and the total isovolumic time reduced from 22.8 to normal values (<14). In association, the glomerular filtration rate increased significantly except in one patient with stage IV chronic kidney disease. All inotropes and vasopressors were discontinued within 12 hours of pacemaker optimization on cardiac output, and all patients were discharged from the ICU within 1 week.

Conclusions:
Echocardiography-guided pacemaker optimization of cardiac output is a feasible bedside therapeutic option, which should be considered when standard medical treatments are insufficient for the treatment of cardiogenic shock refractory to inotropic support, thereby minimizing the detrimental effect of catecholamines.
Perioperative and Anesthesia Guidelines for Children with Autism: A Nationwide Survey from Sweden
Authors: Gimbler Berglund Ingalill , Huus Karina , Enskär Karin , Faresjö Maria , Björkman Berit 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The overall aim of this study was to describe the current set of guidelines for the preparation and care for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative setting across Sweden and explore the content of these guidelines in detail.

Method:
An online questionnaire was distributed to the chairpersons of all anesthesia departments (n = 68) and pediatric departments (n = 38) throughout Sweden. Follow-up phone calls were made to those departments that did not return the questionnaire. The presence of guidelines was analyzed through descriptive statistics. These guidelines and comments on routines used in these departments were analyzed inspired by conventional content analysis.

Results:
Seven of the 68 anesthesia departments and none of the 38 pediatric departments across Sweden have guidelines for preparing and/or administering care to children with ASD within the perioperative setting. From the guidelines and routines used, 3 categories emerge: “lacking the necessary conditions,” “no extra considerations needed,” and “care with specific consideration for children with ASD.” These 3 categories span a continuum in the care. In the first category, the anesthesia induction could result in the child with ASD being physically restrained. In the last category, the entire encounter with the health care service would be adapted to the specific needs of the child.

Conclusion:
There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines specifically designed to meet the needs of children with ASD in the preoperative period in Sweden. Further research is needed to understand if children with ASD would benefit from evidence-based guidelines.
Evidence for a central mode of action for etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Egsgaard Line Lindhardt , Petersen Kristian Kjær 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib modulates the peripheral and central nociceptive mechanisms in animals. This interaction has not been studied in patients with pain. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover, 4-week treatment study investigated the pain mechanisms modulated by etoricoxib in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomized to group A (60 mg/d etoricoxib followed by placebo) or B (placebo followed by 60 mg/d etoricoxib). The quantitative, mechanistic pain biomarkers were pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation (TS), and conditioning pain modulation. Clinical readouts were Brief Pain Inventory, WOMAC, painDETECT questionnaire (PD-Q), and time and pain intensity during walking and stair climbing. Etoricoxib as compared with placebo significantly modulated the pressure pain thresholds (P = 0.012, localized sensitization) at the knee and leg (control site) (P = 0.025, spreading sensitization) and TS assessed from the knee (P = 0.038) and leg (P = 0.045). Conditioning pain modulation was not modulated. The Brief Pain Inventory (pain scores), PD-Q, WOMAC, and walking and stair climbing tests were all significantly improved by etoricoxib. Based on a minimum of 30% or 50% pain alleviation (day 0-day 28), responders and nonresponders were defined. The nonresponders showed a significant association between increased facilitation of TS and increased pain alleviation. None of the other parameters predicted the degree of pain alleviation. Generally, a responder to etoricoxib has the most facilitated TS. In conclusion, etoricoxib (1) modulated central pain modulatory mechanisms and (2) improved pain and function in painful osteoarthritis. Stronger facilitation of TS may indicate a better response to etoricoxib, supporting the central mode-of-action of the drug.
Addition of posttraumatic stress and sensory hypersensitivity more accurately estimates disability and pain than fear avoidance measures alone after whiplash injury
Authors: Pedler Ashley , Kamper Steven J. , Sterling Michele 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe fear avoidance model (FAM) has been proposed to explain the development of chronic disability in a variety of conditions including whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). The FAM does not account for symptoms of posttraumatic stress and sensory hypersensitivity, which are associated with poor recovery from whiplash injury. The aim of this study was to explore a model for the maintenance of pain and related disability in people with WAD including symptoms of PTSD, sensory hypersensitivity, and FAM components. The relationship between individual components in the model and disability and how these relationships changed over the first 12 weeks after injury were investigated. We performed a longitudinal study of 103 (74 female) patients with WAD. Measures of pain intensity, cold and mechanical pain thresholds, symptoms of posttraumatic stress, pain catastrophising, kinesiophobia, and fear of cervical spine movement were collected within 6 weeks of injury and at 12 weeks after injury. Mixed-model analysis using Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores and average 24-hour pain intensity as the dependent variables revealed that overall model fit was greatest when measures of fear of movement, posttraumatic stress, and sensory hypersensitivity were included. The interactive effects of time with catastrophising and time with fear of activity of the cervical spine were also included in the best model for disability. These results provide preliminary support for the addition of neurobiological and stress system components to the FAM to explain poor outcome in patients with WAD.
Clinical utility of double-balloon enteroscopy in suspected Crohn’s disease: a single-centre experience
Authors: Tun Gloria S.Z. , Rattehalli Deepa , Sanders David S. , McAlindon Mark E. , Drew Kaye , Sidhu Reena 
Published: March 2016

Background
Small bowel Crohn’s disease has a heterogeneous presentation leading to a delay in diagnosis. Capsule endoscopy is now a well-established diagnostic tool; however, few studies have evaluated the role of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease. Histology obtained at DBE is useful in addition to clinical symptoms, blood parameters and capsule endoscopy findings to aid diagnosis and further management.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of DBE and histology on the management of patients with suspected small bowel Crohn’s disease.

Methods
DBE procedures including histology for suspected Crohn’s disease from 2006 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up data for all patients were collected.

Results
In our series of 399 double-balloon enteroscopies, 122 procedures were performed in 100 patients for suspected Crohn’s disease. Positive DBE findings were found in 60% of patients. Forty-five per cent of patients were treated as Crohn’s disease on the basis of a combination of histology, endoscopic appearance, clinical symptoms and blood parameters. Histology was diagnostic of Crohn’s disease in 8% and supportive of it in 15%. In 12%, an alternative diagnosis was made, of whom two patients were diagnosed with small bowel malignancy on histology.
After a median follow-up period of 27 months, the actual prevalence for a new diagnosis of Crohn’s disease in our study was 38%.

Conclusion
DBE has a useful place in clarifying the diagnosis in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease. Although histology can be nondiagnostic, the combination of the macroscopic appearance with clinical correlation is useful in the diagnosis and management.
Mothers' Psychological Distress and Feeding of Their Preterm Infants
Authors: Park Jinhee , Thoyre Suzanne , Estrem Hayley , Pados Britt F. , Knafl George J. , Brandon Debra 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
To examine the change in psychological distress of mothers of preterm infants and its association with maternal feeding behaviors as the infant transitions to full oral feeding.

Study Design and Methods:
This descriptive exploratory study used a subset of data from a study of the effects of a coregulated feeding intervention for 34 mothers and hospitalized preterm infants in a Level-III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Maternal psychological distress was measured by maternal worry (Child Health Worry Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiology-Depression Scale), and role stress (Parental Stress Scale: NICU-Role Alteration) at three time points: within 1 week prior to the first oral feeding (T1), and at achievement of half (T2) and full oral feeding (T3). Feedings were videotaped at T2 and T3. An observational coding system measured maternal feeding behaviors. Linear mixed modeling evaluated the change in maternal psychological distress and its association with mothers' feeding behaviors as the infant transitioned to full oral feeding.

Results:
Maternal depressive symptoms were highest at T1 and declined over time. Maternal worry and role stress were also highest at T1 but remained stable from T2 to T3. Increased maternal psychological distress, particularly depressive symptoms and role stress, were associated with less use of developmentally supportive feeding behaviors, that is, minimizing tactile stimulation, providing steady touch to contain or stabilize the infant, and regulating milk flow.

Clinical Implications:
Supporting maternal psychological well-being while infants are learning to feed orally may be an appropriate target for interventions to support mother–infant early feeding interactions.
Concept of Pediatric Feeding Problems From the Parent Perspective
Authors: Estrem Hayley Henrikson , Pados Britt Frisk , Thoyre Suzanne , Knafl Kathleen , McComish Cara , Park Jinhee 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Feeding difficulties in early childhood are common, affecting approximately 25% of typically developing children and up to 80% of children with developmental disabilities. There is no interdisciplinary consensus on the definition of a feeding problem and there is no input from families in the conceptualization. Lack of common language is a barrier to effective communication between clinicians, researchers, and caregivers, and inhibits collaboration. The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptualization of pediatric feeding problems by family caregivers (parents).

Study Design and Methods:
This study reports an empirical phase of a concept analysis. Data from interviews with 12 parents of children with feeding problems were coded for related concepts, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of feeding problems, and then analyzed for themes within conceptual categories.

Results:
Conceptual elements across interviews are presented with an emphasis on shared perspectives. Parents related pediatric feeding problems to be a process or journey on which they found themselves for an unknown duration. Common themes of attributes were problematic feeding behaviors of the child, restrictive or selective intake, and child weight or growth concerns.

Clinical Implications:
Parents conceptualize feeding problems as a condition with symptoms experienced by the child and family that need to be incorporated into family life. In contrast, prior literature coming from providers' point of view presents this problem to be of the child. Nurses can improve care of families with children who have feeding problems by coordinating interdisciplinary, family-centered care.
Representations of ECT in English-Language Film and Television in the New Millennium
Authors: Matthews Avery Madeleine , Rosenquist Peter B. , McCall William Vaughn 
Published: March 2016

Objective
The aim of the study was to survey the media landscape to determine whether visual depictions of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are becoming more or less medically accurate in the new millennium.

Method
English-language film and television shows depicting ECT were analyzed for patient demographics, administrator roles, indication, consent, anesthesia, paralytics, bite block, lead placement, electroencephalogram, and outcome.

Results
Thirty-nine ECT scenes were viewed, and just 3 included all 5 essential tools of modern ECT: anesthesia, paralytic, electrodes, electroencephalogram, and a bite block.

Conclusions
Media depictions of ECT do not reflect current practice. Too often, ECT is portrayed as a torture technique rather than an evidenced-based therapy, and even in a therapeutic setting, it is too often shown with outdated techniques.
Health at the ballot box: disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in British politicians
Authors: Nilsonne Gustav , Renberg Adam , Tamm Sandra , Lekander Mats 
Published: March 2016

According to disease avoidance theory, selective pressures have shaped adaptive behaviours to avoid people who might transmit infections. Such behavioural immune defence strategies may have social and societal consequences. Attractiveness is perceived as a heuristic cue of good health, and the relative importance of attractiveness is predicted to increase during high disease threat. Here, we investigated whether politicians' attractiveness is more important for electoral success when disease threat is high, in an effort to replicate earlier findings from the USA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 484 members of the House of Commons from England and Wales. Publicly available sexiness ratings (median 5883 ratings/politician) were regressed on measures of disease burden, operationalized as infant mortality, life expectancy and self-rated health. Infant mortality in parliamentary constituencies did not significantly predict sexiness of elected members of parliament (
p
= 0.08), nor did life expectancy (
p
= 0.06), nor self-rated health (
p
= 0.55). Subsample analyses failed to provide further support for the hypothesis. In conclusion, an attractive leader effect was not amplified by disease threat in the UK and these results did not replicate those of earlier studies from the USA concerning the relationship between attractiveness, disease threat and voting preference.
AuPairWise: a method to estimate RNA-seq replicability through co-expression
Authors: Ballouz Sara , Gillis Jesse 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn addition to detecting novel transcripts and higher dynamic range, a principal claim for RNA-sequencing has been greater replicability, typically measured in sample-sample correlations of gene expression levels. Through a re-analysis of ENCODE data, we show that replicability of transcript abundances will provide misleading estimates of the replicability of conditional variation in transcript abundances (i.e., most expression experiments). Heuristics which implicitly address this problem have emerged in quality control measures to obtain ‘good’ differential expression results. However, these methods involve strict filters such as discarding low expressing genes or using technical replicates to remove discordant transcripts, and are costly or simply ad hoc. As an alternative, we model gene-level replicability of differential activity using co-expressing genes. We find that sets of housekeeping interactions provide a sensitive means of estimating the replicability of expression changes, where the co-expressing pair can be regarded as pseudo-replicates of one another. We model the effects of noise that perturbs a gene’s expression within its usual distribution of values and show that perturbing expression by only 5% within that range is readily detectable (AUROC~0.73). We have made our method available as a set of easily implemented R scripts.Author SummaryRNA-sequencing has become a popular means to detect the expression levels of genes. However, quality control is still challenging, requiring both extreme measures and rules which are set in stone from extensive previous analysis. Instead of relying on these rules, we show that co-expression can be used to measure biological replicability with extremely high precision. Co-expression is a well-studied phenomenon, in which two genes that are known to form a functional unit are also expressed at similar levels, and change in similar ways across conditions. Using this concept, we can detect how well an experiment replicates by measuring how well it has retained the co-expression pattern across defined gene-pairs. We do this by measuring how easy it is to detect a sample to which some noise has been added. We show this method is a useful tool for quality control.