bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sibling species in theChrysis ignitacomplex: molecular, morphological and trophic differentiation ofBaltic species, with a description of two new cryptic species (Hymenoptera:Chrysididae)
Authors: ORLOVSKYTĖ SVETLANA , BUDRYS EDUARDAS , BUDRIENĖ ANNA , RADZEVIČIŪTĖ RITA , SOON VILLU 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCryptic species complexes cause major challenges for taxonomists and alter understanding of species diversity. InNorthernEurope, theChrysis ignitaspecies group is one such complex with numerous sympatric sibling species. The objective of this paper is to assess the taxonomy of 15 species from this group using three different approaches: molecular, morphological and trophic differentiation. The analysed set of molecular markers included a 7400‐bp‐long sequence of the mitochondrial genome covering complete sequences ofCO1,CO2,ATP8,ATP6,CO3,ND3,16Sand12SrRNA, ninetRNAsand a partial sequence ofCytB, as well as a 3880‐bp‐long sequence of the nuclearDNAcovering a part of18SrRNA, theITS1,5.8SrRNA,ITS2and a part of28SrRNA. Discrete diagnostic characters of each species sequence were retrieved using theCharacteristicAttributeOrganisationSystem algorithm and a molecular identification key was compiled. The study revealed a higher evolutionary rate of the genesATP8,ATP6,CO3,ND3andCytBcompared to that ofCO1,CO2and16S; the studied nuclear markers demonstrated a lower evolutionary rate than the mitochondrial markers. A consensus tree compiled based on the combinedmtDNAand nuclear markers with a strongly supported topology resolved the position of theC. schencki – C.parietissp.n.clade as sister to theC. ignita – C. impressaclade and supported the monophyly of theC. angustula – C. longulaclade. We compiled a morphometric species identification key applying linear discriminant equations. The trophic differentiation was assessed using data on host preferences of tenChrysisspecies reared from trap‐nests; the analysis demonstrated that most of them are specialists exploiting a single or a few taxonomically related host species. In most cases, all three approaches supported the distinct status of the included species. Moreover, two previously undescribed species were consistently supported by the molecular methods. Therefore, we describe these as new, namelyC. horridulasp.n.andC. parietissp.n.OnlyC. mediataandC. solidawere not clearly distinguished using the molecular phylogeny reconstruction methods. However, based on distinctive niche divergence, the presence of molecular characters and morphometric differences, we consider them as phylogenetically young but distinct species. In view of the weak morphological and molecular differentiation, the widely overlapping distribution areas and often similar habitat preferences and the trophic specialization, theC. ignitacomplex presents a possible model for studies of sympatric cryptic speciation.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1EBAF0E1‐5FB7‐4CF4‐A595‐C11982448360.
Cenozoic landscape evolution of the Kruger National Park as derived from cosmogenic nuclide analyses
Authors: Glotzbach Christoph , Paape Alexander , Baade Jussi , Reinwarth Bastian , Rowntree Kate , Miller Jordan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn contrast to active tectonic settings, little is known about the potential feedback between surface processes and climate change in tectonically inactive cratonic regions. Here, we studied the driving forces of erosion and landscape evolution in the Kruger National Park in South Africa using cosmogenic nuclide dating. 10Be‐derived catchment‐wide erosion rates (~2 and ~10 mm ka−1) are similar in magnitude to erosion and rock uplift elsewhere in South Africa, suggesting that (1) rock uplift is solely the isostatic response to erosion and (2) the first‐order topography is likely of Cretaceous age. The topographic maturity is promoted by widespread exposure of rocks resistant to erosion. Our data, however, suggest that local variations in rock resistance lead to transient landscape changes, with local increases in relief and erosion rates.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TWO CULTIVARS OF SWEET POTATOES
Authors: H. M. S. Amir , N. Nurun , Iqbal Nida , F. R. Nur , L. H. Lee , F. M. N. Mariam , M. S. Sharifudin , W. A. K. Wan Rashidah , A. A. Mukred Jameel, , Z. Razauden , Z. Mona 
Published: June 2016

Natural sources of antioxidants are derived from fruits, vegetables and wine, whilst artificial supplements are from teas and spices. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an excellent natural source of vitamins and minerals, and likely a great source of antioxidant. The objective of this study is to analyze the antioxidant activity of orange sweet potato (Vitato) and purple sweet potato (All purple), prepared as heat dry and moist heat for 30 minutes at 100oC. All the samples were obtained from Pasir Puteh and MARDI Telong, Bachok, Kelantan, respectively. Both samples were soaked into methanol to obtain the crude extract prior to analyzing for antioxidant activity by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). IC50 values of dry heat and moist heat Vitato were 0.40mg/L and 0.20mg/L while dry heat and moist heat, All purple were 0.32mg/L and 0.19mg/L, respectively. Both moist heat samples enjoyed higher scavenging activities compared to dry heat samples. However, the All purple sample of moist heat is the most superior one. Significant difference of IC50values between dry heat and moist heat sample differ significantly. Thus, this study clearly demonstrated that moist heat sweet potato exhibited excellent increase in antioxidant activity.
Living in Latvia after stroke: the association between functional, social and personal factors and the level of self-perceived disability—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bērziņa Guna , Smilškalne Baiba , Vētra Anita , Stibrant Sunnerhagen Katharina 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate how functional, social and personal factors are associated with self-perceived level of disability in the chronic phase of stroke in a Latvian stroke population. The consequences of stroke can vary greatly and often leads to long-term disability that, according to the WHO definitions, depends on the interaction between the person and his/her context.DesignCross-sectional study with retrospective data gathering.SettingCommunity-dwelling persons who received specialised in-patient rehabilitation after stroke in Latvia.ParticipantsOf 600 persons after stroke who were identified through hospital register and selected for the study, 255 were included in the analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe medical information and discharge data of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was extracted from medical records. Participants filled out a questionnaire on sociodemographic information and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), either in Latvian or Russian, depending on their wish when contacted for their oral agreement to participate. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to find a model that best explains the variance in WHODAS 2.0 scores.ResultsThe models explained 23–43.5% of variance in outcomes. The best explained WHODAS 2.0 domains were ‘mobility’ and ‘self-care’. The significant factors were level of independence in ‘self-care’, ‘locomotion’ and ‘communication’ according to FIM, as well as working status, time since rehabilitation, age, gender, living alone or in family and preferred language.ConclusionsFunctional, social and personal factors are of similar importance when explaining self-perceived disability in the chronic phase of stroke. Some, but not all, of the factors are modifiable by the healthcare system. Therefore, a complex approach and involvement of medical, social and political systems is needed.
Smoking and serum vitamin D in older Chinese people: cross-sectional analysis based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Jiang C Q , Chan Y H , Xu L , Jin Y L , Zhu T , Zhang W S , Cheng K K , Lam T H 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveStudies on serum vitamin D in smokers showed conflicting results. We examined the association of smoking status with serum vitamin D in older Chinese men, taking advantage of a community-based sample with natural exposure to vitamin D.DesignCross-sectional study based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS).SettingCommunity-based sample from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.Participants612 male participants aged 50+years recruited from 2009 to 2011.ResultsThe mean (SD) of vitamin D concentration was 58.3 (17.2), 57.0 (15.0) and 54.7 (15.4) nmol/L for never, former and current smokers, respectively. Adjusted for multiple confounders, vitamin D decreased from never to former, then to current smokers (P for trend 0.02). Compared to never smokers, current smokers had lower serum concentrations of vitamin D, and the concentrations decreased with the increasing number of cigarettes per day (−3.11 (95% CI −9.05 to 2.82), −3.29 (−8.3 to 1.72) and −4.61 (−8.89 to −0.33) for 1–9, 10–19 and 20+cigarettes per day, respectively; p for trend 0.01), duration of smoking (−1.39 (−6.09 to 3.30) and −5.39 (−9.42 to −1.35) for 1–39 and 40+years, respectively; p for trend 0.008) as well as pack-years (−2.89 (−6.78 to 1.01) and −5.58 (−10.48 to −0.67) for 1–39 and 40+pack-years, respectively; p for trend 0.009). Longer duration of quitting smoking was associated with higher vitamin D than was current smoking (P for trend 0.04).ConclusionsCurrent smokers had lower vitamin D than never smokers, and the association showed a dose–response pattern.
Search for primordial symmetry breakings in CMB
Authors: Shiraishi Maresuke 
Published: June 2016

There are possibilities to violate symmetries (e.g. parity and rotational invariance) in the primordial cosmological fluctuations. Such symmetry breakings can imprint very rich signatures in late-time phenomena, which may be possible to observe. Especially, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) will change its face drastically, corresponding to the symmetry-breaking types, since the harmonic-space representation is very sensitive to the statistical, spin and angular dependences of cosmological perturbations. Here, we discuss (1) general responses of CMB to the symmetry breakings, (2) some theoretical models creating interesting CMB signatures, and (3) aspects of the estimation from observational data.
The simplest possible bouncing quantum cosmological model
Authors: Peter Patrick , Vitenti Sandro D. P. 
Published: June 2016

We present and expand the simplest possible quantum cosmological bouncing model already discussed in previous works: the trajectory formulation of quantum mechanics applied to cosmology (through the Wheeler–De Witt equation) in the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) minisuperspace without spatial curvature. The initial conditions that were previously assumed were such that the wave function would not change its functional form but instead provide a dynamics to its parameters. Here, we consider a more general situation, in practice consisting of modified Gaussian wave functions, aiming at obtaining a nonsingular bounce from a contracting phase. Whereas previous works consistently obtain very symmetric bounces, we find that it is possible to produce highly non-symmetric solutions, and even cases for which multiple bounces naturally occur. We also introduce a means of treating the shear in this category of models by quantizing in the Bianchi I minisuperspace.
Estrogen Receptor Binding (18F-FES PET) and Glycolytic Activity (18F-FDG PET) Predict Progression-Free Survival on Endocrine Therapy in Patients with ER+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Kurland Brenda F. , Peterson Lanell M. , Lee Jean H. , Schubert Erin K. , Currin Erin R. , Link Jeanne M. , Krohn Kenneth A. , Mankoff David A. , Linden Hannah M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose: 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET scans measure regional estrogen binding, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures tumor glycolytic activity. We examined quantitative and qualitative imaging biomarkers of progression-free survival (PFS) in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
Experimental Design: Ninety patients with breast cancer from an estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), HER2− primary tumor underwent FES PET and FDG PET scans prior to endocrine therapy (63% aromatase inhibitor, 22% aromatase inhibitor and fulvestrant, 15% other). Eighty-four had evaluable data for PFS prediction.
Results: Recursive partitioning with 5-fold internal cross-validation used both FES PET and FDG PET measures to classify patients into three distinct response groups. FDG PET identified 24 patients (29%) with low FDG uptake, suggesting indolent tumors. These patients had a median PFS of 26.1 months (95% confidence interval, 11.2–49.7). Of patients with more FDG-avid tumors, 50 (59%) had high average FES uptake, and 10 (12%) had low average FES uptake. These groups had median PFS of 7.9 (5.6–11.8) and 3.3 months (1.4–not evaluable), respectively. Patient and tumor features did not replace or improve the PET measures' prediction of PFS. Prespecified endocrine resistance classifiers identified in smaller cohorts did not individually predict PFS.
Conclusions: A wide range of therapy regimens are available for treatment of ER+ metastatic breast cancer, but no guidelines are established for sequencing these therapies. FDG PET and FES PET may help guide the timing of endocrine therapy and selection of targeted and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy. A multicenter trial is ongoing for external validation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 407–15. ©2016 AACR.
The effect of low-dose oral vitamin K supplementation on INR stability in patients receiving warfarin
Authors: Wang Luqi , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , Kovacs Michael J. , Yeo Erik , Schnurr Terri , Schulman Sam , Crowther Mark A. , Boonyawat Kochawan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe anticoagulant effect of warfarin is influenced by variations in vitamin K intake. Concomitant use of daily low-dose oral vitamin K (LDVK) and warfarin may improve INR stability. We hypothesise that administration of LDVK improves INR control. To test this hypothesis we performed a multi-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised trial conducted at four university-affiliated hospitals in Canada. Patients on chronic warfarin therapy received oral vitamin K 150 mcg daily or a matching placebo for a total of six months after a one-month run in period. The primary outcome was a comparison of mean time in therapeutic range (TTR) in LDVK and placebo group during a six-month-period. The secondary outcome was number of INR excursions <1.5 or >4.5. There was no significant difference in the final TTR between the two groups (65.1 % vs 66 %, p =0.8). Mean TTR in both LDVK and placebo groups were statistically increased compared with prior to the study. The number of INR excursions were significantly decreased in the LDVK group (9.4 % and 5.4 %, absolute difference [pre- minus post-] = 4 %, 95 % CI, 2 to 6 %, p-value <0.001). We conclude that LDVK administration did not increase mean TTR, but did decrease the number of INR excursions. The observed improvement in mean TTR in both groups suggests that more attentive monitoring of warfarin therapy, rather than LDVK, was responsible for the improvement in TTR observed. The reduced excursions suggest that LDVK did reduce extreme INR variation. The study is registered at www.ClinicalTrial.gov#NCT00990158.
Relationship between aneurysm wall enhancement and conventional risk factors in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A black-blood MRI study
Authors: Liu Peng , Qi Haikun , Liu Aihua , Lv Xianli , Jiang Yuhua , Zhao Xihai , Li Rui , Lu Bing , Lv Ming , Chen Huijun , Li Youxiang 
Published: June 2016

Background and purpose Aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) has emerged as a new possible biomarker for depicting inflammation of the intracranial aneurysm (IA). However, the relationships of AWE with other risk factors are still unclear for unruptured IA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between AWE and other risk metrics. Methods Forty-eight patients with unruptured saccular IAs diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography were recruited to undergo magnetic resonance (MR) black-blood imaging. AWE was evaluated using the pre- and post-contrast black-blood MR images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association of AWE with other risk factors, including size, maximal neck width, parent vessel diameter, location, multiplicity, daughter sacs and other clinical factors. The prevalence of AWE in each ISUIA grade was reported and compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results In total, 61 aneurysms were detected in 48 patients. Aneurysm size was found to be an independent risk factor associated with AWE (OR 2.46 per mm increase, 95% CI 1.34–4.51; p = 0.004). Patient age was independently and inversely associated with AWE (OR 0.898 per year increase, 95% CI 0.812–0.994; p = 0.037). Higher prevalence of AWE was observed in larger aneurysms (12%, 71.4%, 100%, and 100% of ISUIA grade 1–4 IAs have AWE, respectively). Notably, 12% of small IAs (size <7 mm) exhibited AWE. The IAs with AWE had significant higher ISUIA grade than the IAs without ( p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Conclusions The wall enhancement in contrast-enhanced black-blood MR images was independently associated with aneurysm size in unruptured IAs. However, some small unruptured aneurysms did exhibit wall enhancement, suggesting that AWE may provide additional aneurysm instability information to improve current size-based rupture risk evaluation metrics.
Reginald Harrison; Liverpool’s first Urologist
Authors: Goddard Jonathan C 
Published: June 2016

Reginald Harrison (1837 – 1908) was one of Liverpool’s most famous surgeons; in the late 19th Century he was well known to both the London and provincial medical world. Working at both the Royal Infirmary and Northern Hospital in Liverpool he developed an interest in genito-urinary surgery, becoming a notable expert. Hence, in 1899 he moved to London where he was appointed Surgeon to St Peter’s Hospital for the Stone, England’s first urology hospital. Harrison observed Bigelow’s early cases of litholapaxy in Boston, USA and championed the technique in England. He was an expert in urethral stricture disease, favouring gentle dilatation with filliform bougies, which became known as Harrison’s Whips. He was an energetic Dean of the Liverpool Medical School and was active in its eventual rise and transformation into the University of Liverpool. He also tirelessly campaigned for the introduction of ambulances to Britain’s towns and cities. His efforts led to Europe’s first civilian hospital ambulance being introduced in 1883 at the Northern Hospital in Liverpool. Reginald Harrison is a somewhat forgotten name in urology today, but his contributions to Liverpool’s University, the Ambulance Service and British urology should be celebrated and remembered.
T-cell defect in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas involves expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Azzaoui Imane , Uhel Fabrice , Rossille Delphine , Pangault Celine , Dulong Joelle , Le Priol Jerome , Lamy Thierry , Houot Roch , Le Gouill Steven , Cartron Guillaume , Godmer Pascal , Bouabdallah Krimo , Milpied Noel , Damaj Gandhi , Tarte Karin , Fest Thierry , Roussel Mikael 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Expansion of circulating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlates with clinical outcomes in patients with DLBCL. Mechanisms of MDSC-dependent T-cell inhibition in DLBCL are related to IL-10, PD-L1, and S100A12.
Critical requirement of VEGF-C in transition to fetal erythropoiesis
Authors: Fang Shentong , Nurmi Harri , Heinolainen Krista , Chen Shuo , Salminen Essi , Saharinen Pipsa , Mikkola Hanna K. A. , Alitalo Kari 
Published: June 2016

Key PointsVegfc is essential for mobilization, maturation, and enucleation of primitive erythroblasts. Vegfc deletion compromises liver colonization by erythro-myeloid progenitors and subsequent macrophage/erythroid expansion.
Molecular mechanisms of regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Leifer Cynthia A , Medvedev Andrei E 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
TLRs play a critical role in the detection of microbes and endogenous “alarmins” to initiate host defense, yet they can also contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To avoid pathogenic inflammation, TLR signaling is subject to multilayer regulatory control mechanisms, including cooperation with coreceptors, post-translational modifications, cleavage, cellular trafficking, and interactions with negative regulators. Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are particularly interesting in this regard, as they can both recognize host-derived structures and require internalization of their ligand as a result of intracellular sequestration of the nucleic acid-sensing TLRs. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of TLRs, including regulation of their access to ligands, receptor folding, intracellular trafficking, and post-translational modifications, as well as how altered control mechanism could contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Effective Reminders
Authors: Calzolari Giacomo , Nardotto Mattia 
Published: June 2016

We study the effects of reminders on people’s behavior in investment activities characterized by up-front costs and delayed benefits, such as getting an education and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. We conduct a field experiment and show that simple weekly reminders induce users of a gym to substantially increase their gym attendance over an extensive period. Users’ response to reminders is immediate (within hours) and recurrent for any subsequent reminder, which can be explained by limited attention. We find some evidence of habit formation, leading to more frequent physical activity also after treatment, although with an effect smaller than during treatment. Simple reminders are thus a cost-effective policy tool.Data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2499 .This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.