bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coalescent Processes with Skewed Offspring Distributions and Nonequilibrium Demography
Authors: Matuszewski Sebastian , Hildebrandt Marcel E , Achaz Guillaume , Jensen Jeffrey D 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Nonequilibrium demography impacts coalescent genealogies leaving detectable, well-studied signatures of variation. However, similar genomic footprints are also expected under models of large reproductive skew, posing a serious problem when trying to make inference. Furthermore, current approaches consider only one of the two processes at a time, neglecting any genomic signal that could arise from their simultaneous effects, preventing the possibility of jointly inferring parameters relating to both offspring distribution and population history. Here, we develop an extended Moran model with exponential population growth, and demonstrate that the underlying ancestral process converges to a time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent. However, by applying a nonlinear change of time scale—analogous to the Kingman coalescent—we find that the ancestral process can be rescaled to its time-homogeneous analog, allowing the process to be simulated quickly and efficiently. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the expected site-frequency spectrum under the time-inhomogeneous psi-coalescent, and develop an approximate-likelihood framework for the joint estimation of the coalescent and growth parameters. By means of extensive simulation, we demonstrate that both can be estimated accurately from whole-genome data. In addition, not accounting for demography can lead to serious biases in the inferred coalescent model, with broad implications for genomic studies ranging from ecology to conservation biology. Finally, we use our method to analyze sequence data from Japanese sardine populations, and find evidence of high variation in individual reproductive success, but few signs of a recent demographic expansion.
Death in a Mission Hospital
Authors: Ritchie James V 
Published: November 2017

Medical missionaries may struggle with the proper understanding of their roles in the death of their patients. To better grasp a biblical concept of death, medical missionaries should understand God’s plan for death, and also understand both God’s sovereignty and their own free will. Missionaries should prepare patients and their families for impending death. Cultural objections to discussing impending death may be addressed by emphasizing the Christian understanding of earthly death and eternal life, and by honoring the passing of the believing patient.
Słowo Boże a życie osobiste i wspólnotowe według pierwotnej katechezy cenobickiej
Authors: Ciemiała Marianna 
Published: November 2017

W artykule omówiono pierwotną katechezę cenobicką, której celem była duchowa formacja mnichów dla dobra całej wspólnoty. Prawodawstwo monastyczne sformułowało w sposób wzorcowy biblijne wymagania i wskazania dotyczące postaw cenobitów i tradycji wspólnotowych. Analiza tekstów reguł monastycznych prowadzi do wniosku, że wszystkie zalecenia i praktyczne rozstrzygnięcia płynące ze słowa Bożego służyły budowaniu wspólnego życia osób, które odpowiedziały na dar powołania do „świętej koinônii”. Charakterystyczne dla koinônii pachomiańskiej było dydaktyczne zastosowanie Pisma Świętego do formacji indywidualnej i wspólnotowej. Natomiast Asketikon Bazylego Wielkiego uwydatnia rolę przełożonych, którzy w procesie formacji biblijnej braci mieli być „sługami słowa”. Kształtowaniu koinônii według wzorca biblijnego sprzyjały również liczne formy retorycznego oddziaływania na członków poszczególnych wspólnot.
Low-Carbon-Steel Corrosion at High Temperatures by Aminopolycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Hong Ng Jun , Almubarak Tariq , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs) have been used in a variety of applications ranging from textiles to pharmaceuticals. They are also commonly used in the oil-and-gas industry for scale removal, standalone stimulation, and iron control. Because of the commonplace usage of APCAs, it is important to understand the corrosion that can result from the use of APCAs and the methods that can be applied to reduce corrosion damage resulting from their use. The objective of this work is to evaluate the corrosion rate of APCAs on low-carbon steel at high temperatures and to determine the mechanism of corrosion.At high temperatures, conventional acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) are extremely corrosive, lack penetration, and have sludging tendencies. Several organic acids such as formic acid and citric acid were proposed to overcome these shortcomings. However, these organic acids have displayed problems with solubility and compatibility. Chelating agents show good dissolving power, low corrosion, low sludging tendencies, and excellent iron control, and have been successfully used to replace HCl in certain applications. Furthermore, some of them are easily biodegradable and environmentally friendly.To study the mechanism of corrosion at high temperature, N-80 coupons were exposed to APCA solutions for 12 hours in the absence of corrosion inhibitors (CIs). At 350°F, the corrosion rate of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), L-glutamic diacetic acid (GLDA), hydroxyethyl ethylene triacetic acid (HEDTA), and methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA) had corrosion rates of 1.07, 0.754, 0.974, and 0.76 lbm/ft2, respectively. When the temperature was lowered to 300°F, the corrosion rates of each chelating agent decreased to 0.858, 0.724, 0.803, and 0.642 lbm/ft2 for EDTA, GLDA, HEDTA, and MGDA, respectively. The addition of a 1-vol% sulfur-containing CI to HEDTA and MGDA tests at 350°F caused a significant decrease in corrosion rates to 0.0102 and 0.00561 lbm/ft2, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of the APCA corrosion of low-carbon steel was found to be a combination of chelant-enhanced dissolution and cathodic reduction of the APCA. Chelant-enhanced dissolution involves the dissolution of the oxide layer on the surface of the metal, and is accelerated at high temperatures by reductive dissolution. Cathodic reduction of carboxylic-acid groups of APCAs was determined to be responsible for the corrosion of the bare metal layer.
Development of a Powerful Data-Analysis Tool Using Nonparametric Smoothing Models To Identify Drillsites in Tight Shale Reservoirs With High Economic Potential
Authors: Cai Quan , Yu Wei , Liang Hwa Chi , Liang Jenn-Tai , Wang Suojin , Wu Kan 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe oil-and-gas industry is entering an era of “big data” because of the huge number of wells drilled with the rapid development of unconventional oil-and-gas reservoirs during the past decade. The massive amount of data generated presents a great opportunity for the industry to use data-analysis tools to help make informed decisions. The main challenge is the lack of the application of effective and efficient data-analysis tools to analyze and extract useful information for the decision-making process from the enormous amount of data available. In developing tight shale reservoirs, it is critical to have an optimal drilling strategy, thereby minimizing the risk of drilling in areas that would result in low-yield wells. The objective of this study is to develop an effective data-analysis tool capable of dealing with big and complicated data sets to identify hot zones in tight shale reservoirs with the potential to yield highly productive wells. The proposed tool is developed on the basis of nonparametric smoothing models, which are superior to the traditional multiple-linear-regression (MLR) models in both the predictive power and the ability to deal with nonlinear, higher-order variable interactions. This data-analysis tool is capable of handling one response variable and multiple predictor variables. To validate our tool, we used two real data sets—one with 249 tight oil horizontal wells from the Middle Bakken and the other with 2,064 shale gas horizontal wells from the Marcellus Shale. Results from the two case studies revealed that our tool not only can achieve much better predictive power than the traditional MLR models on identifying hot zones in the tight shale reservoirs but also can provide guidance on developing the optimal drilling and completion strategies (e.g., well length and depth, amount of proppant and water injected). By comparing results from the two data sets, we found that our tool can achieve model performance with the big data set (2,064 Marcellus wells) with only four predictor variables that is similar to that with the small data set (249 Bakken wells) with six predictor variables. This implies that, for big data sets, even with a limited number of available predictor variables, our tool can still be very effective in identifying hot zones that would yield highly productive wells. The data sets that we have access to in this study contain very limited completion, geological, and petrophysical information. Results from this study clearly demonstrated that the data-analysis tool is certainly powerful and flexible enough to take advantage of any additional engineering and geology data to allow the operators to gain insights on the impact of these factors on well performance.
Effects of Wind Speed and Wind Gustiness on Subsurface Gas Transport
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. , Furman Alex , Liberzon Dan 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Subsurface gas transport as related to near‐surface wind speed and gustiness was measured.
Increased wind gustiness tended to decrease subsurface gas movement at greater depth.
Horizontal gas concentration gradients and gas movement in the subsurface are important.
Wind action appears to induce an advective gas flow pattern in the subsurface.
The impact of near‐surface wind speed and wind speed fluctuations (gustiness) on subsurface gas transport and exchange with the atmosphere was investigated with a focus on assessing the extent of vertical and horizontal gas transport in the subsurface. Investigations involved the use of a 40‐ by 40‐cm, 35‐cm‐deep stainless steel container filled with a dry granular porous medium (2–4‐mm grain size), applying CO2 and O2 as tracer gases. Experiments were performed under controlled (laboratory) conditions for different wind speeds (0–5.6 m s−1) under both gusty and non‐gusty wind conditions. Horizontal gas movement in the porous medium both parallel and perpendicular to the wind direction was controlled via a set of separation walls that could be installed inside the porous medium to assess the importance of horizontal gas velocities in the porous medium. Results indicate that average wind speed was the most important parameter controlling porous medium gas transport, especially near the surface. However, at greater depths, wind gustiness and horizontal gas movement also had significant impacts on the overall gas transport.
New Field Sampling Method to Analyze Spatial Distribution of Small‐Scale Soil Particle Surface Properties and Processes in Intact Soil
Authors: Krueger Jiem , Bachmann Jörg 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
New field sampling and preparation method for thin undisturbed soil slices was developed.
Particle surface properties and processes can be determined at small scales.
Millimeter‐scale spatial distribution of wetting properties determined by water drop contact angles.
Geostatistics revealed different spatial correlation ranges for top‐ and subsoil.
This study developed a field sampling and preparation method to obtain soil slices (7.5 by 20 by 3.5 cm, maximum seven parallel slices) with intact surfaces that allows analysis of surface properties and processes with high spatial resolution. In an example application, soil wetting properties (in terms of contact angle, CA) of sandy and loamy top‐ and subsoil slices were analyzed. Mapping of the CA (millimeter grid) revealed high variability (0–130°) for topsoil. Subsoil surfaces were wettable (0–5°), however, high CA (?70°) domains could be identified and associated with a textural boundary. Semivariances indicated higher heterogeneity and higher spatial correlation ranges for the topsoil. Results indicate that our approach allows the detection of small‐scale variations and is a promising tool to analyze surface properties with high spatial resolution on parallel soil slices.
NATURAL PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN THERAPY OF INFLAMMATORY PHARYNX AND LYMPHOID RING DISEASES
Authors: Artyushkin S. A. , Eremina N. V. 
Published: November 2017

Pharynx and pharyngeal lymphadenoid elements possess diverse protective mechanisms, however, are often involved in the inflammatory process. Lysozyme is important natural factor in the maintenance of normal pharyngeal microbiome. The article presents the data about the efficient use of factors of natural protection of lysozyme and pyridoxine for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases with lesions of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring.
CLINIC-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF INFLAMMATION IN A MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF A MIDDLE EAR IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Palchun V. T. , Gurov A. V. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Gordienko M. V. 
Published: November 2017

Objective. To determine the clinical and morphological criteria of chronic inflammation development in the middle ear mucosa and the study of local immunity.Material and methods. 67 patients aged from 19 to 67 years (men-28, women-39) with complaints of pain, congestion in the ear, constant or intermittent mucopurulent discharge from the ear, and hearing loss were examined. The disease duration ranged from 3 days to 20 years or more. We have investigated the mucosa of the pathologically changed parts of the tympanic cavity. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and trichromatic color by Mallory. For the immunohistochemical study monoclonal antibodies to T lymphocytes (CD4 T-lymphocytes-helper cells, CD8 T-lymphocytes-suppressors), B-lymphocytes (CD20) were used. The calculation of the immunohistochemical reaction was performed with a standard increase of 40 in 12 fields of view.Conclusions. On Week 3 of the disease is a clear imbalance in the local immune defense occurs, which is a turning point in the course of the disease. In the period since 6 months and suppression of the immune response was detected. Thus, we believe that in conditions of a purulent inflammatory process the beginning of the process of chronic inflammation (development of granulation tissue) in the mucous membrane of the middle ear occurs on Week 3 from the onset of the disease, which is by 2–2.5 times later than in aseptic conditions.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS TOWARD COLLAR HEIGHT ON INCREMENTAL BACKWARD HOLE-FLANGING PROCESS
Authors: Fakhruddin Muhammad , Choiron Mochammad Agus , Purnowidodo Anindito 
Published: November 2017

Abstract The experimental study of the influence of process parameters towards collar height on incremental backward hole-flanging (IBHF) process with aluminium plate workpiece was presented in this paper. The effect of process parameters toward collar height which produced by IBHF process was investigated. Experiments were performed with a CNC machine, a 30o conical forming tool, and aluminium plates. The process parameters are feed speed with two levels, radial forming step size with three, and axial forming step size with three levels. Some parameters were kept constant, i.e., spindle speed, initial hole diameter, final hole diameter, and conical forming tool diameter. Digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the height of the collar. Experimental results of IBHF process have shown that the feed speed (vf) parameter has no effect toward collar height. Increased radial forming step size (Δx/y), increased the collar height also. Increased the axial forming step size (Δz) reduced the collar height. Keywords: hole-flanging, incremental sheet metal forming, incremental backward.
USO DE TOXINA BOTULÍNICA EM ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: V. O. Fernandes Gustavo 
Published: November 2017

RESUMOA toxina botulínica produzida pelo Clostridium botulinum, apesar se ser uma neurotoxina, pode ser utilizada tanto com objetivo estético quanto terapêutico, através da sua ação promover a inibição da liberação da acetilcolina, impossibilitando, dessa forma, a transmissão neuromuscular, provocando uma certa paralisia. No âmbito da odontologia, ela vem sendo empregada no tratamento de sorriso gengival, de bruxismo, disfunções e dores na articulação temporomandibular e nas dores de cabeça de origem não Odontogênica. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura para determinar quais as possíveis indicações da toxina botulínica na odontologia, suas contra-indicações, ressaltando suas vantagens e desvantagens. No que se refere a sua indicação em Odontologia e áreas afins. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: toxina botulínica, DTM, dor orofacial, aplicação na odontologia, cirurgião-dentista.
Subclinical First Trimester Renal Abnormalities Are Associated With Preeclampsia in Normoalbuminuric Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kelly Clare B. , Hookham Michelle B. , Yu Jeremy Y. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Nankervis Alison J. , Hanssen Kristian F. , Garg Satish K. , Scardo James A. , Hammad Samar M. , Menard M. Kathryn , Aston Christopher E. , Lyons Timothy J. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to determine the utility of tubular (urinary/plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) and glomerular (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were free of microalbuminuria and hypertension at the first trimester.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of T1DM pregnancy. Maternal urinary and plasma NGAL, urinary KIM-1 (ELISA of frozen samples), and eGFR (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) were determined at three study visits (V1: 12.4 ± 1.8; V2: 21.7 ± 1.4; V3: 31.4 ± 1.5 weeks’ gestation [mean ± SD]) in 23 women with T1DM with subsequent PE (DM+PE+), 24 who remained normotensive (DM+PE−), and, for reference, in 19 normotensive pregnant women without diabetes (DM−). The groups with diabetes were matched for age, diabetes duration, and parity. All subjects were normotensive and free of microalbuminuria or albuminuria at V1. All study visits preceded the onset of PE.

RESULTS
Urinary creatinine-corrected NGAL (uNGALcc, ng/mg) was significantly elevated at V1 in DM+PE+ vs. DM+PE− women (P = 0.01); this remained significant after exclusion of leukocyte-positive samples (5 DM+PE+ and 2 DM+PE−) (P = 0.02). Accounting for BMI, HbA1c, and total daily insulin dose, a doubling of uNGALcc at V1 conferred a sevenfold increase in risk for PE (P = 0.026). In contrast, neither plasma NGAL nor urinary KIM-1 predicted PE. Also at V1, eGFR was elevated in DM+PE+ vs. DM+PE− (P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
Early tubular and glomerular dysfunction may predict PE in first trimester women with T1DM, even if free of microalbuminuria. These data suggest that subclinical renal tubular and glomerular injury, if present early in pregnancy, may predispose women with T1DM to PE.
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR INTERNAL SISWA PROGRAM AKSELERASI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 6 AMBON
Authors: Manuhutu Silvia 
Published: November 2017

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya motivasi belajar internal pada diri siswa. Tidak terlepas juga dengan siswa pada kelas akselerasi. Walaupun memiliki kemampuan intelektual di atas rata-rata, bukan berarti mereka tidak memiliki motivasi belajar dari diri mereka sendiri. Untuk itu Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui motivasi belajar internal siswa pada program akselerasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Ambon.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang motivasi internal siswa pada program akselerasi di SMP Negeri 6 Ambon. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden yakni siswa akslerasi kelas VIII berjumlah 28 orang. Untuk memperkuat data kuesioner, peneliti juga menggunakan pedoman observasi untuk melihat aktivitas yang ditimbulkan sebagai bagian dari motivasi internal yang ditunjukkan siswa.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar internal siswa pada program akselerasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Ambon termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik. Hal ini terlihat dari prosentase masing-masing indicator motivas internal siswa. Indikator kuatnya kemauan untuk berbuat mendapat prosentase 47,62%. Indikator Jumlah waktu yang disediakan untuk belajar mendapat prosentase 38,09. Indikator kerelaan meninggalkan kewajiban atau tugas yang lain mendapat prosentase 61,91%. Serta indicator ketekunan dalam mengerjakan tugas mendapat prosentase 61,91%.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO TUTORIAL SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SEMESTER IV PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO
Authors: Pritandhari Meyta , Ratnawuri Triani 
Published: November 2017

Proses pembelajaran adalah faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembelajaran. Dalam proses pembelajaran dosen harus memberikan penjelasan yang dapat mempermudah mahasiswa dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan. Salah satu cara yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran menggunakan video tutorial. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam mata kuliah pengenalan komputer adalah media video tutorial. Penggunaan video tutorial berdampak positif terhadap mahasiswa. Mahasiswa lebih tertarik terhadap pembelajaran yang langsung di praktekkan. Video tutorial berisi tentang materi yang akan dipelajari. Pemanfaatan video tutorial terhadap pembelajaran bukan hanya memudahkan mahasiswa dalam mendalami materi, tapi memudahkan dosen dalam membimbing mahasiswa secara langsung.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling untuk mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas belajar mahasiswa. Diantaranya adalah pembelajaran yang monoton, kurangnya fasilitas pembelajaran, dan materi kurang menarik. Oleh karena itu penggunaan media video tutorial sangat bermanfaat bagi pembelajaran. Kurangnya kemandirian belajar dapat diatasi dengan pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran yaitu media video tutorial. Dengan menggunakan media berupa video tutorial mahasiswa sangat antusias dalam mengikuti mata kuliah pengenalan komputer. Minat mahasiswa dalam belajar pun meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh tingkat absensi yang hampir selalu terisi penuh. Hasil rekap absen kelas A dan B menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata mahasiswa yang tidak masuk hanya 10 % atau 7 mahasiswa selama satu semester ini. Jika dibandingkan dengan semester yang lalu mahasiswa yang tidak hadir bisa mencapai 20% atau 14 mahasiswa selama satu semester. Dengan meningkatnya minat mahasiswa, akan berdampak terhadap hasil dan kualitas pembelajaran yang meningkat. Kata kunci : Media Pembelajaran, Video Tutorial, Hasil belajar.