bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Control of Pump and Valve Testing Equipment
Authors: Li Xuejing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The complex flow state of the fluid makes it difficult for the pump valve to accurately control it. A study was conducted on the pressure flow control of a valve control device for gas-liquid two-phase flow, and experiments were conducted on the joint control of gas-liquid two-phase flow. The results showed that pressure has a significant impact on control, and it is necessary to ensure that pressure remains constant during the control process. The joint control of gas-liquid two-phase flow has consistency in changes, and precise control of gas-liquid two-phase flow can be achieved through studying consistency.
Mechanical Simulation and Optimization Analysis of Slab Continuous Casting Process for Automobile
Authors: Zhang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the development trend of automobile lightweight, the continuous casting process of automobile slab is more and more demanding. In this paper, the stress conditions and boundary conditions in the deoxidizer of the continuous casting process were analyzed, and a contact mechanics model was established between the cast slab and the copper plate. The deformation laws of the slab shell under different amplitude and frequency were simulated and analyzed, and the amplitude and frequency parameters that minimize the impact of slag marks on the slab shell were determined, providing a basis for selecting reasonable vibration parameters.
Leverages of energy transition at home: a critical discussion of barriers and future trends
Authors: Marchi Lia , Gaspari Jacopo , Gasparini Nicole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The transition of the residential sector to a more sustainable energy system is regarded as a crucial action. Thus, significant efforts have been spent to promote deep energy retrofitting of existing inefficient assets. In addition, in more recent times, academics have begun to consider the potential for behavioral change among households to generate energy savings for the sector. This has led to the emergence of a growing body of literature aimed at understanding how to mobilize energy demand reduction potential that can be prompted by households’ behavioral change. Based on findings from a systematic literature review by the Authors, the paper tries to speculate upon four main dichotomic approaches that are retrieved within. These include behavioral-driven versus technological-driven approaches, awareness-raising versus rewarding or incentive-based systems, structural measures such as home retrofitting or the shift to clean energy, and provisional measures such as subsidies and tax rebates for vulnerable consumers. The paper also considers individual/customized measures versus collective policies towards energy transition. Based on that, common grounds are sought to advance effective strategies enabling energy transition of the residential sector. The drivers and limitations of the various approaches are also discussed in this context.
Improved understanding of thermal comfort could yield energy savings in heritage buildings
Authors: žagar Katja , Bohinc Uroš , Kurent Blaž , Rebec Katja Malovrh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is necessary to improve the understanding of thermal comfort to reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling in heritage buildings, which are often energy inefficient and where interventions are limited. Personal thermal comfort models based on measurements of environmental conditions and the individual’s physiological and subjective responses represent a potential solution to ensure the optimization of existing systems. Past research shows that lighting could impact thermophysiology and subjective perception of thermal conditions, but it is not clear whether the impact is sufficient to make light adaptation an appropriate solution to reduce energy consumption in heritage buildings, where people live and work. The research conducted under realistic semi-controlled conditions in an office environment of an existing building addresses this research gap. The paper presents the first partial simplified analyses and preliminary results of a wider ongoing study, mainly showing a correlation between skin temperature and air temperature and a partially promising effect of light on subjective thermal perception. Our research on the effect of light on thermal comfort does not provide definitive conclusions but rather highlights the need for further investigation in actual heritage buildings.
Life Cycle Assessment for particleboards with recycled wood in an industrial context
Authors: Crociati Letizia , Zambelli Pierluigi , Gozzi Dario , Bolis Valentina , Volpi Marco , Bonoli Alessandra , Molari Luisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The issue of depletion of natural resources carries side effects on human health, the ecosystem, and the planet itself. It is necessary to develop mitigation policies to reverse the actual climate trend. Both actions on small and large scales can make a relevant contribution to that problem. This paper aims to investigate two different approaches of the Life Cycle Assessment in an industrial context, in particular “ex-post” LCA is carried out for particleboards manufactured by a company using 100% recycled wood, while “ex-ante” LCA study is referred to a hypothetical particleboard manufactured equally to the previous product, but using 100% virgin wood, instead of recycled. The outcomes of the comparison of the two LCAs highlights that there are very relevant aspects to take into consideration when the environmental performance of a product is evaluated. In fact, CO2 emissions, which are one of the most concerning environmental impacts nowadays, and which is also orienting European policies, are not the only indicator that affect the impacts related to the human health, the natural environment, and the natural resources. The LCA tool is a complete tool capable to provide all-round environmental impacts of the studied object; in this research the results from the comparison of the two products’ LCA, pointed out how the “land use” increases in the case of the product made with only virgin wood, which is more than 20 times superior compared to the “land use” in the case of particleboard containing 100% recycled wood. The application of the two LCAs is structured on “cradle to gate” system boundary to highlight the impacts of the production process. For both ex-ante and ex-post application an interpretation is conducted to evidence their benefits, but with awareness of possible limits when they are utilized.
Innovative robotic-woven willow-clay-composite ceiling elements
Authors: Steffl Simon , Volk Rebekka , Dörstelmann Moritz , Schultmann Frank 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The construction sector contributes 36% to global final energy use and 39% to energy-related CO2 emissions. Consequently, it is imperative to focus on quantifying and reducing environmental impacts e.g., via renewable building materials. The combination of fast-growing willow as tension reinforcement for regionally available and compression bearing clay seems a promising approach. The new attempt is based on the idea of full circularity, as the willow clay composite modules are in the first loop dismountable and can be rearranged and reused for another life cycle. When the composite material comes to its end-of-life, the materials can be theoretically fully recovered. To assess the environmental sustainability of such an innovative composite structure for the first time, a simplified cradle to grave Life Cycle Assessment is performed. The investigation is based on experimental data of the 1 to 1 scale robotically woven willow-clay-composite ceiling demonstrator. First results reveal hot spots, especially in the supply chain of the prototype production process but compared to conventional steel concrete ceiling, the innovative biobased composite is capable to function as a CO2 sink over the entire life cycle. In addition, the resource problem of timber could be circumvented accordingly.
LCA-based environmental impacts outlook towards the future of construction in emerging countries
Authors: Dalla Valle Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The construction sector is globally acknowledged as carbon-intensive, prompting urgent action especially in BRICS countries due to the high-contribute and continuous urban growth. Here, advocating for sustainable practices throughout the entire building life cycle is imperative, for extending building lifespans without locking in operational energy inefficiencies and using construction materials and techniques geared to resource efficiency and circularity. Following the hotspots prioritization, life cycle perspective and stepwise approach, the paper offers thus a preliminary exploration on low-carbon projection scenarios for the construction value chain, focusing on China as leading CO2 emitter. Top priority is directed towards cement/concrete supply chain, delving into the increasing recycled material content during production, the implementation of prefabrication construction, and the adoption of environmentally responsible practice for managing waste at the end of life. The percentage shares on the global carbon emissions make evidence of potential for reducing environmental impacts by switching from standard to the basic sustainable practices commonly pursued to achieve carbon neutrality targets. Findings do not pretend to be exhaustive (detailed analysis are needed), but rather prompt action towards the shift in mindset and market transition, notifying increased responsibility to stakeholders and LCA as a powerful decision-making support.
META-MODULE. Contemporary modularity as generative tool for Smart Architecture.
Authors: Conato Fabio , Spasari Ilaria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The complexity of the contemporary era challenges traditional methods and processes in architecture, exacerbated by diverse specializations, global production, and recent cultural, social, and technological shifts. Consequently, contemporary architecture responds to societal demands through innovative methods and tools. To maintain coherence in design objectives, explicit information on addressing contemporary concerns is essential. Systematizing informational flows becomes the language of Smart Architecture, utilizing informative patterns and design variations to address these challenges effectively.
Starting with an analysis of the inherent characteristics of the modular system, considered both as a regulator of complexity and in its evolution within the architectural panorama influenced by significant socio-cultural and ideological transformations, this contribution introduces the concept of the meta-module. In the era of smart architecture, the module tends to evolve into a meta-module, serving as a generative tool for Smart Architecture. The meta-module integrates interconnected information to organize contemporary complexity, employing innovative design components across multiple scales to address various concerns.
The originality of this contribution lies in a process of abstraction that transforms the concept of the module into that of a ‘meta-module’, as a multi-level support matrix for design, compatible with cutting-edge computer tools, ensuring coherence between design considerations and corresponding construction choices.
Innovative tools and protocols for the regeneration of urban and peri-urban districts towards climate neutrality
Authors: Tucci Fabrizio , Cecafosso Valeria , Turchetti Gaia , Giampaoletti Marco , Mastellari Chiara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cities represent the foremost contributor to the escalating growth in energy consumption, constituting a substantial portion of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the face of climate change and the heightened frequency and severity of extreme events, urgent policies and actions are imperative for cities to enhance resilience and instill a sense of responsibility among their inhabitants. Additionally, establishing monitoring and reporting models to track progress in implementing sustainable urban development measures is crucial.
The calculation of CO2 emissions in cities demands a multidimensional approach, encompassing sectors such as energy, buildings, water, green spaces, transport, waste, and others. Models and diagnostic tools are available for the different fields of interest. These are valuable elements; however, they often necessitate specialized expertise and prolonged processing times for accurate result interpretation, sometimes conflicting with the need for prompt, reliable guidance.
This contribution aims to define innovative tools and protocols, along with a specific performance verification model (easy model), concerning mitigation and adaptation to climate change. These tools are designed to be easy to apply and usable from the preliminary project stages for the redevelopment/regeneration of existing architecture and urban districts.
Redefining Hospital Accessibility: A Service Design Framework for Inclusive Healthcare
Authors: Cristiana Palazzo Angela , Bertelli Matteo , Gibertoni Chiara , Molteni Pierluigi , Gorla Francesca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the framework of becoming a carbon neutral city by 2030, Bologna faces challenges related to enhancing the quality and accessibility of its built environment to improve the quality of life and well-being of its residents. The IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant’Orsola Polyclinic is a key agent of change within this initiative. The hospital has initiated a comprehensive renovation project aligned with its commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3, which addresses Good Health and Well-being, and SDG 10, which addresses Reduce Inequalities. To address these goals, the hospital has engaged a research team from the University of Bologna to apply Service Design methodologies. The research aims to reshape accessibility and user experience systematically and sustainably, adhering to the principles of Design for All. The study maps diverse user groups, analyses circulation paths, and identifies physical and procedural barriers affecting vulnerable individuals, especially those with disabilities. The research introduces a novel approach by developing a comprehensive strategy rather than isolated solutions, focusing on interconnected accessibility services across pavilions. Dedicated hubs within each pavilion facilitate resource and support device exchange, improving users’ experiences. A pilot project, initially targeting wheelchair accessibility hubs, employs innovative technologies to enhance independent tool usage and monitor distribution and maintenance efficiently. The project is now entering a testing phase, during which the solution will be refined based on user feedback.
Fabrication of endothelialized capillary-like microchannel networks using sacrificial thermoresponsive microfibers
Authors: Rector IV John A , McBride Lucas , Weber Callie M , Grossman Kira , Sorets Alexander , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Holtz Isabella , Young Katherine , Schrag Matthew , Lippmann Ethan S , Bellan Leon M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the body, capillary beds fulfill the metabolic needs of cells by acting as the sites of diffusive transport for vital gasses and nutrients. In artificial tissues, replicating the scale and complexity of capillaries has proved challenging, especially in a three-dimensional context. In order to better develop thick artificial tissues, it will be necessary to recreate both the form and function of capillaries. Here we demonstrate a top–down method of patterning hydrogels using sacrificial templates formed from thermoresponsive microfibers whose size and architecture approach those of natural capillaries. Within the resulting microchannels, we cultured endothelial monolayers that remain viable for over three weeks and exhibited functional barrier properties. Additionally, we cultured endothelialized microchannels within hydrogels containing fibroblasts and characterized the viability of the co-cultures to demonstrate this approach’s potential when applied to cell-laden hydrogels. This method represents a step forward in the evolution of artificial tissues and a path towards producing viable capillary-scale microvasculature for engineered organs.
Additive manufacturing of functionalised atomic vapour cells for next-generation quantum technologies
Authors: Wang Feiran , Cooper Nathan , He Yinfeng , Hopton Benjamin , Johnson David , Zhao Peng , Tuck Christopher J , Hague Richard , Fromhold T Mark , Wildman Ricky D , Turyanska Lyudmila , Hackermüller Lucia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Atomic vapour cells are an indispensable tool for quantum technologies (QT), but potential improvements are limited by the capacities of conventional manufacturing techniques. Using an additive manufacturing (AM) technique—vat polymerisation by digital light processing—we demonstrate, for the first time, a 3D-printed glass vapour cell. The exploitation of AM capacities allows intricate internal architectures, overprinting of 2D optoelectronical materials to create integrated sensors and surface functionalisation, while also showing the ability to tailor the optical properties of the AM glass by in-situ growth of gold nanoparticles. The produced cells achieve ultra-high vacuum of 2 × 10−9 mbar and enable Doppler-free spectroscopy; we demonstrate laser frequency stabilisation as a QT application. These results highlight the transformative role that AM can play for QT in enabling compact, optimised and integrated multi-material components and devices.
Hybrid modes in multilayer/antenna architecture set side-band-selective molecular Raman scattering
Authors: Simone Giuseppina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Technologies with tag-less capacity for analyzing molecules, are poised to make significant advancements in the healthcare industry with a substantial potential to improve sensitivity for individual molecules and binding events. Plasmonics has the potential for enhanced system response when emitters are included in the full architecture. Here, a hybrid multilayer including a sequence of metals and dielectrics has been examined. The surface of the multilayer is covered with 30-μm height features working as plasmonic antennae. Their contribution to the emission of the system has been analyzed. The multilayer has been coupled with a prism to excite the polaritons in an experimental optical setup to measure the reflected and transmitted signals. The measurements demonstrate the surface plasmon polariton/antenna mode hybridization. The optomechanics of the plasmonic resonant multilayer has been studied with reference to the refractive index of the surrounding medium as well as to the incident angle of the exciting beam. Then, the experimental shifts have been measured according to the optomechanical spectrum of the naïve plasmon resonant multilayer. The optomechanics of the plasmonic resonant multilayer, which has shown a natural resonance at

ω
=
96

MHz

, has been coupled with a molecular emitter, e.g. a dye. As the concentration of the red dye increases, the intensity of the peaks at

ω
>
96

MHz

raises, suggesting an important sensitivity in the anti-Stokes domain. On the other side, the decay is equal to

κ
=
1.1
×

10

−
2

MHz

showcasing a high quality factor (

Q
=
9.6
×

10

3

). For validation of increased sensitivity in the anti-Stokes region, bovine serum albumin (BSA), a protein active in the Raman region, has been tested and, through an image-based analysis, the molecular pattern recorded. The demonstrated potential of utilizing optical resonance shifts to investigate molecular patterns is highly promising. Therefore, the proposed sensing method represents a significant advancement in the field, offering new opportunities for the sensitive detection of biomolecules.
Probing the effects of broken symmetries in machine learning
Authors: Langer Marcel F , Pozdnyakov Sergey N , Ceriotti Michele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Symmetry is one of the most central concepts in physics, and it is no surprise that it has also been widely adopted as an inductive bias for machine-learning models applied to the physical sciences. This is especially true for models targeting the properties of matter at the atomic scale. Both established and state-of-the-art approaches, with almost no exceptions, are built to be exactly equivariant to translations, permutations, and rotations of the atoms. Incorporating symmetries—rotations in particular—constrains the model design space and implies more complicated architectures that are often also computationally demanding. There are indications that unconstrained models can easily learn symmetries from data, and that doing so can even be beneficial for the accuracy of the model. We demonstrate that an unconstrained architecture can be trained to achieve a high degree of rotational invariance, testing the impacts of the small symmetry breaking in realistic scenarios involving simulations of gas-phase, liquid, and solid water. We focus specifically on physical observables that are likely to be affected—directly or indirectly—by non-invariant behavior under rotations, finding negligible consequences when the model is used in an interpolative, bulk, regime. Even for extrapolative gas-phase predictions, the model remains very stable, even though symmetry artifacts are noticeable. We also discuss strategies that can be used to systematically reduce the magnitude of symmetry breaking when it occurs, and assess their impact on the convergence of observables.
Training machine learning interatomic potentials for accurate phonon properties
Authors: Loew Antoine , Wang Hai-Chen , Cerqueira Tiago F T , Marques Miguel A L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the major challenges in the development of universal machine learning interatomic potentials is accurately reproducing phonon properties. This issue appears to arise from the limitations of available datasets rather than the models themselves. To address this, we develop an extensive dataset of phonon calculations using density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT). We then show how this dataset can be used to train neural-network force fields, by implementing the training and the prediction of force constants in periodic crystals. This approach improves the quality of phonon properties prediction while reducing the number of structures needed for neural network training. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method using two examples of ternary phase diagrams: Ti–Nb–Ta and Li–B–C. In both cases, neural network predictions for the energy and forces show a considerable improvement, while phonon properties are predicted with high precision for all structures across the entire phase diagrams.