bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern analysis and distribution of the superior mesenteric artery branches in corpses in a death survey service
Authors: Pereira A. , Aires Neto S. , Silva Neto E. , Franca H. , Negromonte G. , Lucena R. , Maia A. , França C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The distribution pattern of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) varies in the studies described by the literature. Objectives: To establish the variation pattern for the Brazilian population as well as to compare this distribution according to sex and ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 corpses were dissected in the Death Survey Service of Paraiba (SVO/PB), and the variation patterns were analyzed by comparing sex and ethnic groups by means of the statistical program SPSS 21.0. Results and Conclusion: From the 41 dissected corpses, 43,9%, n=18 were classified as normal, standard type 1, 7,3%, n=3, standard type 2, 24,3%, n=10, standard type 3, 14,6%, n=6, standard type 4, 9,7%, n=4, standard type 5, 9,7%, n=4. Statistically significant variations of the SMA patterns in relation to sex and ethnic groups were not found. The described patterns should be verified in order to inform and lead the health professionals in relation to the patient's care, especially in the surgical scope.
Staining of elastic and muscle fibers to morphometric studies in Chelonia mydas
Authors: Braz J. , Gomes V. , Queiroz M. , Silva N. , Moura C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to establish the staining protocol for quantification of elastic fibers and muscle fibers in arterial vessels through the Verhoeff method adapted with eosin in Chelonia mydas. Materials and Methods: Aorta and pulmonary arteries of 11 individuals of the species Chelonia mydas were used. The fragments were fixed in formaldehyde solution buffered 10% for 24 hours, subjected to routine histological processing and staining technique to be adapted Verhoeff, take the photografies and analyzed by Image Pro Plus Software. Results: The combination of ferric hematoxylin Verhoeff use blushed black elastic arteries blades, already eosin stained muscle ibers and collagen, allowing the tissue quantiication through distinction staining by software. Conclusion: The protocol is a low-cost alternative that facilitate the acquisition of morphometric data for research with turtles.
Anatomical variation of the ulnar artery: clinical and developmental significance
Authors: Ghosh B. , Yadav S. , Budhiraja V. , Dass P. , Rastogi R. , Chowdhury S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Variation of the ulnar artery in the upper limb is uncommon. The existence of such a variant is of particular clinical significance, as these arteries are more susceptible to trauma, and can be easily confused with superficial veins during medical and surgical procedures, potentially leading to iatrogenic distal limb ischemia. Case report: During routine dissection we observed a unilateral case of superficial ulnar artery in a 60-year-old male cadaver. It originated from the left brachial artery in the middle of the arm, near to insertion of coracobrachialis muscle. From its origin, it passed downwards in the medial part of arm behind the median nerve and forearm in a supericial plane compared to normal ulnar artery. In the hand, the supericial ulnar artery anastomosed with the palmar branch of the radial artery, creating the supericial palmar arch. Brachial artery divided into the radial and common interosseous arteries in the cubital fossa. The normal ulnar artery was absent. The existence of superficial ulnar artery is undeniably of interest to the clinicians as well as to the anatomists.
A consistent prescription of stratospheric aerosol for both radiation and
chemistry in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1)
Authors: Neely III Ryan Reynolds , Conley Andrew J. , Vitt Francis , Lamarque Jean-François 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Here we describe an updated parameterization for prescribing stratospheric aerosol in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM1). The need for a new parameterization is motivated by the poor response of the CESM1 (formerly referred to as the Community Climate System Model, version 4, CCSM4) simulations contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) to colossal volcanic perturbations to the stratospheric aerosol layer (such as the 1991 Pinatubo eruption or the 1883 Krakatau eruption) in comparison to observations. In particular, the scheme used in the CMIP5 simulations by CESM1 simulated a global mean surface temperature decrease that was inconsistent with the GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP), NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, and the Hadley Centre of the UK Met Office (HADCRUT4). The new parameterization takes advantage of recent improvements in historical stratospheric aerosol databases to allow for variations in both the mass loading and size of the prescribed aerosol. An ensemble of simulations utilizing the old and new schemes shows CESM1's improved response to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. Most significantly, the new scheme more accurately simulates the temperature response of the stratosphere due to local aerosol heating. Results also indicate that the new scheme decreases the global mean temperature response to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption by half of the observed temperature change, and modelled climate variability precludes statements as to the significance of this change.
Experimental design for three interrelated marine ice sheet and ocean model intercomparison projects: MISMIP v. 3 (MISMIP +), ISOMIP v. 2 (ISOMIP +) and MISOMIP v. 1 (MISOMIP1)
Authors: Asay-Davis Xylar S. , Cornford Stephen L. , Durand Gaël , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Gladstone Rupert M. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Hattermann Tore , Holland David M. , Holland Denise , Holland Paul R. , Martin Daniel F. , Mathiot Pierre , Pattyn Frank , Seroussi Hélène 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Coupled ice sheet–ocean models capable of simulating moving grounding lines are just becoming available. Such models have a broad range of potential applications in studying the dynamics of marine ice sheets and tidewater glaciers, from process studies to future projections of ice mass loss and sea level rise. The Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (MISOMIP) is a community effort aimed at designing and coordinating a series of model intercomparison projects (MIPs) for model evaluation in idealized setups, model verification based on observations, and future projections for key regions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). Here we describe computational experiments constituting three interrelated MIPs for marine ice sheet models and regional ocean circulation models incorporating ice shelf cavities. These consist of ice sheet experiments under the Marine Ice Sheet MIP third phase (MISMIP+), ocean experiments under the Ice Shelf-Ocean MIP second phase (ISOMIP+) and coupled ice sheet–ocean experiments under the MISOMIP first phase (MISOMIP1). All three MIPs use a shared domain with idealized bedrock topography and forcing, allowing the coupled simulations (MISOMIP1) to be compared directly to the individual component simulations (MISMIP+ and ISOMIP+). The experiments, which have qualitative similarities to Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf and the adjacent region of the Amundsen Sea, are designed to explore the effects of changes in ocean conditions, specifically the temperature at depth, on basal melting and ice dynamics. In future work, differences between model results will form the basis for the evaluation of the participating models.
Multimodal Imaging in a Case of Self-Inflicted Laser-Induced Maculopathy
Authors: Combillet France , Saunier Valentine , Rougier Marie Bénédicte , Delyfer Marie Noëlle , Korobelnik Jean-Francois 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To describe the clinical and imaging findings in a case of self-inflicted handheld laser exposure. Methods We evaluated multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography for a 32-year-old man with a history of repetitive self-inflicted handheld laser exposure. Results Funduscopic examination revealed bilateral and asymmetric yellow macular linear streaks with a vertical pattern in the superior macula. Curvilinear bands of dense hyperreflectivity extending from the ellipsoid zone of the photoreceptors and ending at the level of the outer plexiform layer were seen on SD-OCT immediately after injury. After intravenous high-dose corticosteroids during 3 days, the lesions decreased slightly. Conclusions The recognition of characteristic self-inflicted handheld laser-induced lesions is paramount as laser pointer misuse has been increasing over the years.
Posterior Capsule Opacification 9 Years after Phacoemulsification with a Hydrophobic and a Hydrophilic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Chang Anthony , Kugelberg Maria 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To compare the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and survival rate without capsulotomy after implantation of a hydrophobic or hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) at the 9-year postoperative follow-up. Methods One of 3 experienced cataract surgeons performed standard phacoemulsification in one eye of 120 patients with cataract. The patients were randomized to implantation of either a hydrophobic acrylic IOL or a hydrophilic acrylic IOL. Both IOLs had sharp posterior edges. Retroillumination images of PCO were obtained with a fundus camera 9 years postoperatively and analyzed semiobjectively using POCOman computer software. Results Seventy-eight of the 120 patients completed the 9-year follow-up examination. Patients implanted with the hydrophilic IOL had significantly (p<0.001) more and denser PCO. The survival rate without Nd:YAG capsulotomy was significantly higher (p<0.001) in eyes with the hydrophobic IOL. Conclusions After 9 years, more and denser PCO developed in eyes with the hydrophilic IOL than the hydrophobic IOL. The survival rate without the need for capsulotomy was higher in eyes with the hydrophobic IOL.
Impact of Valsalva Maneuver on Central Choroid, Central Macula, and Disk Fiber Layer Thickness Among High Myopic and Hyperopic Patients
Authors: Kurultay-Ersan Isil , Emre Sinan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To evaluate the alterations in mean central choroidal, central macular, and disk retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) during Valsalva maneuver among patients with high refractive errors. Methods A total of 60 high myopic (≥-6.0 D) and 50 high hyperopic (≥ + 3.0 D) eyes of 58 patients aged 19-65 years with visual acuity of 20/20 and without any ophthalmologic or systemic diseases were evaluated by OCT before and after the Valsalva maneuver. The choroidal thickness was measured with enhanced depth imaging OCT method. Central macular thickness, disk RNFL thickness, and axial length were also assessed. Results Mean choroidal thickness increased significantly from 275.0 ± 27.2 μm at rest to 279.8 ± 31.6 μm after Valsalva maneuver in high myopic patients, and from 308.2 ± 27.3 μm to 313.6 ± 28.5 μm in high hyperopic patients (p<0.01 for each). A significant negative correlation of the choroidal thickness was noted with axial length (r = -0.509, p<0.01) and age (r = -0.224, p = 0.01) in the overall study population. Mean central macular thickness was 242.9 ± 44.4 μm and 254.0 ± 22.8 μm, while mean disk RNFL thickness was 81.6 ± 12.4 μm and 98.4 ± 13.3 μm in high myopic and hyperopic patients, respectively. Valsalva maneuver was not associated with significant change in central macular or disk RNFL thickness. Conclusions Significant association of Valsalva maneuver with an increase in choroidal thickness was noted among patients with high degree of myopia and hyperopia. Our findings emphasize the likelihood of increase in choroidal volume due to venous distension to be responsible for the increase observed in choroidal thickness after Valsalva maneuver.
Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Children with a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Transscleral Diode Laser Treatment
Authors: Sayman Muslubas Isıl , Karacorlu Murat , Hocaoglu Mumin , Arf Serra , Ozdemir Hakan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of transscleral diode laser photocoagulation in the eyes of children with a history of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and compare them with the eyes of children with no or subthreshold ROP and normal term infants by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Three groups of children aged 4 to 10 years were included as follows: 45 patients with regressed ROP who had not received any treatment (group 1), 48 patients with a history of zone 2 threshold ROP who had been treated with transscleral diode laser (group 2), and 56 age-matched healthy full-term children (group 3). Visual acuity, refractive error, and measurement of retinal and choroidal thickness by SD-OCT were compared between groups retrospectively. Results The mean gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) were 31 weeks and 1,409 grams in group 1, 28.7 weeks and 1,274.5 grams in group 2, and 38.4 weeks and 3,285 grams in group 3, respectively. There were 6 significant differences in the laser group: GA, BW, macular thickness, foveal depression, spherical equivalent, and visual acuity. In contrast, there were no significant differences among any of the choroidal parameters in all of the groups. Neither macular nor choroidal thickness correlated with visual acuity. Conclusions Although retinal structural changes were observed in patients with a history of ROP, especially in patients treated with laser, no significant difference was found in choroidal thickness between groups. These structural abnormalities may be related to both severity of ROP and laser treatment.
The Outcome of Patients Requiring Multiple Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: How Many Runs of ECMO is Reasonable?
Authors: Chou Heng-Wen , Chang Te-I , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chou Nai-Kuan , Chi Nai-Hsin , Huang Shu-Chien , Wu l-Hui , Chan Chin-Yang , Ponge Lee-Mei , Wang Ya-Chen , Chen Yih-Sharng 
Published: July 2016

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been proven effective in life support for patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. Deteriorating patients who have removed their first ECMO support and required second or more courses of ECMO support have rarely been discussed. Methods and Results All the records of the patients who experienced at least 2 courses of ECMO during single admission were retrieved. Survival was defined as survival to discharge. Demographic data and clinical information were compared between survival and nonsurvival groups. There were 86 patients who received at least 2 courses of ECMO in the 20-year database, and 27 (31.3%) were <18 years old. Of them, 87.3% received 2 runs of ECMO, 10.4% 3 runs, and 2.3% 4 runs. Overall survival rate was 30.2%. The survival rate for patients with 2 runs of ECMO was 33.3% (25 out of 75), 11.1% (1 out of 9) for 3 runs, and 0% (0 out of 2) for 4 runs. Multivariate analysis revealed that only ARF with hemodialysis was the independent risk factor. Conclusions The decision to perform repeated ECMO implantation is a complex and difficult process. Despite the arguments debating the consumption of resources and increased complications, there are still nearly 1 out of 3 patients who will survive to discharge. More than 2 courses of ECMO may be carefully considered for further rescue.
In Vitro Evaluation of Fluid Reflux after Flushing Different Types of Needleless Connectors
Authors: Elli Stefano , Abbruzzese Chiara , Cannizzo Luigi , Lucchini Alberto 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To evaluate fluid reflux, when disconnecting syringe, for different needleless connectors. Materials Nine connectors were tested; 540 measurements were carried out. Results The connectors tested showed very different performances, about reflux, on disconnection of the syringe used for flushing. The calculated reflux volumes are: Max Zero® - BD: 6.90 (±2.47) mm3; MicroClave Clear® - ICU Medical: 6.14 (±1.46) mm3; Bionecteur® - Vygon: 1.24(±0.73) mm3; Neutron® - ICU Medical: 0.12 (±0.15) mm3; SmartSite® Carefusion: 33.51 (±11.50) mm3; Safe Plus® - Cremascoli: 23.54 (±3.56) mm3; NeutraClear® - Cair: 9.36 (±1.87) mm3; NeutroX® - Cair: 0.33 (±0.31) mm3; Dasa® BTC: 2.38 (±1.67) mm3. Differences between investigated devices were statistically significant (p<0.001). Discussion It is difficult to establish the best quality-price ratio for needleless connectors. It is important to consider several variable factors: continuous or discontinuous infusion, catheter type, usage environment and caliber of catheter used. It would therefore be useful to have an indication of the intraluminal space potentially affected by blood reflux in relation to a specific device. Conclusions Needleless connector is one of the main factors involved in keeping catheter patency. It is important to perform the best choice among the connectors available. An empirical reflux measurement, relative to the needleless connector and the catheter in use, can be obtained using an 18G cannula.
The Association of Mineral Metabolism with Vascular Access Patency
Authors: Rosenberg Joel E. , Astor Brad C. , Deluca Hector F. , Yevzlin Alexander S. 
Published: July 2016

Background Declining kidney function leads to progressively dysregulated mineral homeostasis and contributes to vascular calcification and a pro-inflammatory milieu, both of which play a critical role in loss of dialysis vascular access patency. We designed this study to examine the relationship between markers of bone and mineral metabolism, vitamin D replacement medications, and vascular access outcomes. We hypothesized that higher levels of calcium, phosphorous, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and albumin are independently associated with vascular access patency and that vitamin D supplementation is associated with lower risk of access failure. Methodology We abstracted data on 204 consecutive patients referred for angiographic evaluation of their permanent arteriovenous access over a 25-month period. We followed patients from the time of access salvage until subsequent referral for access failure. Results The incidence of vascular access failure did not differ by serum phosphorus, PTH, calcium, calcium-phosphorus product or albumin level. Patients receiving any vitamin D replacement therapy, however, had a lower incidence of access failure compared to those receiving no therapy. Those receiving vitamin D3 therapy with or without paricalcitol (Zemplar, Abbot Laboratories, Abbot Park, IL) or calcitriol had an adjusted HR = 0.18 compared to those receiving no vitamin D therapy. Conclusions This study suggests a relationship between vitamin D3 usage and better vascular access patency, independent of the effect of vitamin D on PTH. Though this relationship needs more rigorous investigation prior to clinical application, the known differences in the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of various vitamin D metabolites provide a potential mechanism for these clinical observations.
Drug use in pregnancy among parous Scandinavian women
Authors: Nordeng H. , Jacobsen G. , Nesheim B.-I. , Eskild A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of drug use in 1945 parous pregnant Scandinavianwomen, to determine the most common drug categories, and to describe changes in drug use throughoutpregnancy. The women were interviewed about drug use by a specially trained midwife at five different occasionsduring pregnancy: at gestational week 17, 25, 33, 37, and on admission for delivery at three Scandinavianstudy sites (Trondheim, Bergen and Uppsala). When excluding vitamins and iron supplementation, 1086(56%) women reported at least one episode of drug use during pregnancy, with an average of 2.6 episodesamong the women reporting drug use. Four percent of the women accounted for 18% of the episodes of druguse. Systemic anti-infectives (15%), respiratory drugs (12%), gastrointestinal drugs (11%) and analgesics(11%) were the most widely used drugs among all the pregnant women. The number of women using drugsincreased throughout pregnancy. NORSK SAMMENDRAGHensikt med studien var å undersøke forekomsten av legemiddelbruk hos 1945 annen- eller tredjegangs fødendeskandinaviske kvinner, å beskrive hvilke legemiddelgrupper som ble hyppigst brukt, og å beskrive hvordanlegemiddelbruken forandrer seg i løpet av svangerskapet. Kvinnene ble intervjuet av en spesialopplært jordmorved fem tidspunkt under svangerskapet: ved gestasjonsuke 17, 25, 33, 37 og ved innleggelse før fødselenpå tre skandinaviske studiesteder (Trondheim, Bergen and Uppsala). Når jern- og vitamintilskudd ekskluderes,hadde 1086 (56%) av de gravide minst en episode av legemiddelbruk under svangerskapet, med et gjennomsnittpå 2,6 episoder blant kvinnene som rapporterte legemiddelbruk. Fire prosent av de gravide stod for 18%av episodene med legemiddelbruk. Systemiske antiinfektiva (15%), legemidler med virkning på respirasjonssystemet(12%), gastrointestinale legemidler (11%) og analgetika (11%) var de hyppigst brukte legemiddelgruppene.Andel gravide som rapporterte legemiddelbruk økte i løpet av svangerskapet.
The Intersection of Agenda-Setting, the Media Environment, and Election Campaign Laws
Authors: Fortunato John A. , Martin Shannon E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMedia theory helps the process of understanding the complex political communication environment. Agenda-setting research examines the transfer of topic salience from the media agenda to the public agenda. This process is important to discuss in the policy context of election campaigns. In an election campaign context, agenda-setting has been altered considerably since its early research studies by the technology that allows individuals and organizations to use social media to communicate directly to an audience and by the campaign finance structure created by the Citizens United ruling with money that provides for greater message exposure through advertising serving as an agenda-setter.
Development and Validation of the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale
Authors: Naraghi Mohsen , Atari Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

Background There is a growing concern in the field of aesthetic surgery about the need to measure patients' expectations preoperatively. The present study was designed to develop and validate the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale (EARS), and to compare expectations between rhinoplasty patients with and without body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
Methods In total, 162 college students and 20 rhinoplasty candidates were recruited. The measures included the newly developed EARS, a measure of psychopathology, and demographics. The DSM-IV structured clinical interview for BDD was used to confirm the diagnosis in rhinoplasty patients.
Results The EARS was constructed of six items based on their significant content validity. In the scale development phase, Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.98) over a four-week period. Scores on the EARS were significantly positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms (r=0.16; P<0.05). Moreover, comparison of EARS scores between BDD (M=25.90, standard deviation [SD=6.91) and non-BDD rhinoplastic patients (M=15.70, SD=5.27) suggested that BDD patients held significantly higher expectations (P<0.01).
Conclusions The expectations of aesthetic rhinoplasty patients toward surgery may play a crucial role in their postoperative satisfaction. While the value of patients' expectations is clinically recognized, no empirical study has measured these expectations in a psychometrically sound manner. The current study developed and validated the EARS. It may be easily used as a valid and reliable instrument in clinical and research settings.