bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Land‐based Resettlement Still Appropriate for Rural People in China? A Longitudinal Study of Displacement at the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Wilmsen Brooke 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTNow complete, the effects of the Three Gorges Dam on rural livelihoods can be observed. This article presents the first longitudinal analysis of the livelihoods of two groups of rural households that were first surveyed in 2003, just after inundation, and again in 2011. It finds remarkable gains in income and social well‐being along with moderate improvements in food security and income equality. This study explores the livelihood strategies associated with these outcomes, namely land consolidation, agricultural specialization, livelihood diversification and migration. These strategies are discussed in the context of the dramatic changes that have taken place in the Three Gorges Resettlement Area over the last decade and across China more broadly. The article concludes that while non‐farm jobs are increasingly important, land remains an essential resource in the reconstruction of rural livelihoods, allowing rural households to respond to their drastically altered environment more effectively and at a pace of their own choosing.
Sudden death in sport and riding horses during and immediately after exercise: A case series
Authors: de Solis C. Navas , Althaus F. , Basieux N. , Burger D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundSudden death affects the health of horses, the safety of riders and the public perception of animal welfare during equestrian events.ObjectivesTo describe the signalment, clinical history, sudden death episode, rider injuries and causes of sudden death during exercise or closely thereafter in sport and pleasure riding horses.Study designRetrospective case series based on an online questionnaire.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to the veterinary and equestrian community. Connections of animals reported in the press to have died suddenly were sent the survey. Responses were analysed to obtain information.ResultsFifty‐seven cases met inclusion criteria with enough information to be analysed. The most common discipline was eventing (n = 23, 40.4%), and the most common breed involved was Thoroughbred (n = 23, 40.4%). Forty‐one (71.9%) horses collapsed during exercise, and 16 (28.1%) shortly thereafter. Twenty‐four (42.1%) horses died during or near the time of competition and 33 (57.9%) during or near the time of training or a pleasure ride. In 16 (28.1%) horses, the cause of death was known or strongly suspected based on a post‐mortem result, and a cardiovascular origin was reported in 13 of these 16 cases. Riders were injured in 13 (22.8%) cases, and injuries to their extremities were the most frequent.Main limitationsThere is potential for misdiagnosis and recall and selection bias, and in the absence of data on the total number of horses engaged in equestrian sports and riding, prevalence cannot be calculated.ConclusionsSudden death occurred in many types of equestrian sports and in riding horses. Death outside competition was more common suggesting that registries based on reports from official veterinarians underestimate the magnitude of this problem. Rider injuries were not uncommon when ridden horses collapsed and died. A definitive diagnosis for the cause of death was not commonly achieved and cardiovascular origin was the most common where a diagnosis was proposed by survey respondents.
Municipal Disclosure Timeliness and the Cost of Debt
Authors: Sherrill D. Eli , Yerkes Rustin T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA longstanding concern for municipal bond investors is the lack of timely financial statement disclosures. Municipalities are held to lower disclosure standards than corporations. Using continuing disclosure dates for audited financial statements, we find bond issuers with slower disclosure have higher secondary market yields and spreads, less frequent secondary market trading, and are less likely to issue new bonds. We observe that future disclosure is largely predictable based on past disclosure and that disclosure often improves prior to new bond issuances. When municipalities do not capitalize on the benefits of timely disclosure, economic consequences are imposed on bondholders and taxpayers.
Short Sale Constraints and Single Stock Futures Introductions
Authors: Gagnon Louis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper exploits the unique experimental setting created by nearly 1,300 new single stock futures listings on the OneChicago exchange between 2003 and 2009. I investigate the impact of derivatives introductions on the tightness of short sale constraints facing their underlying assets. After controlling explicitly for supply and demand conditions in the stock lending market, this experiment reveals a precipitous decline in active utilization rates and loan fees in the lending market, after the futures introductions. The paper provides strong evidence that supports the view that derivatives represent a viable alternate synthetic short selling venue relaxing short sale constraints facing their underlying assets.
ETF Premiums and Liquidity Segmentation
Authors: Piccotti Louis R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExchange traded funds (ETFs) provide a means for investors to access assets indirectly that may be accessible at a high cost otherwise. I show that liquidity segmentation can explain the tendency for ETFs to trade at a premium to net asset value (NAV) as well as the life‐cycle pattern in premiums. ETFs with larger NAV tracking error standard deviations (TESDs) tend to trade at higher premiums and the liquidity benefits offered by foreign ETFs and fixed income ETFs are revealed to be the most valuable to investors. Further tests validate that TESD has the desirable properties of a liquidity segmentation measure.
Industry Costs of Equity: Incorporating Prior Information
Authors: McLemore Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractI examine whether incorporating economically motivated prior information yields more accurate forecasts of industry costs of equity. I find that incorporating the long‐run mean of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) parameters and the industry characteristics in the cross section produces more accurate parameter estimates, which subsequently translate into more accurate out‐of‐sample forecasts of industry costs of equity. The outperformance of this method over rolling‐window estimates becomes larger as the forecast horizon extends into the future. These findings provide evidence that the CAPM parameters have a long‐run mean‐reversion property and correlate with the industry characteristics in a systematic way.
Intrahepatic bile duct primary cilia in biliary atresia
Authors: Frassetto Roberta , Parolini Filippo , Marceddu Salvatore , Satta Giulia , Papacciuoli Valeria , Pinna Maria Antonia , Mela Alessandra , Secchi Giannina , Galleri Grazia , Manetti Roberto , Bercich Luisa , Villanacci Vincenzo , Dessanti Antonio , Antonucci Roberto , Tanda Francesco , Alberti Daniele , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Clemente Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2018

AimThe etiopathogenesis of non‐syndromic biliary atresia (BA) is obscure. The primary aim was to investigate intrahepatic bile duct cilia (IHBC) in BA at diagnosis and its correlation with clinical outcome. The secondary aim was to analyze IHBC in routine paraffin‐embedded liver biopsies using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM).MethodsSurgical liver biopsies taken at diagnosis from 22 BA infants (age range, 39–116 days) and from eight children with non‐BA chronic cholestasis (age range, 162 days −16.8 years) were evaluated for IHBC by immunofluorescence (IF) and SEM. A minimum 18‐month follow‐up after surgery was available for all patients.ResultsBy IF, cilia were present in 6/8 (75%) non‐BA but only in 3/22 (14%) BA cases, and cilia were reduced or absent in 19/22 (86%) BA and 2/8 (25%) non‐BA livers (P < 0.01). In BA, cilia presence was found to be associated with clearance of jaundice at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.05). However, high overall survival rates with native liver, >90% at 12 months, and >70% at 24 months post‐surgery, were recorded regardless of cilia presence/absence at diagnosis. Electron microscopy was able to detect bile ducts and cilia in routine liver biopsies, revealing significant abnormalities in 100% BA livers.ConclusionsThe presence of IHBC in BA livers at the diagnosis was associated with resolution of cholestasis, although was not predictive of short‐term survival with native liver. Scanning electron microscopy represents a powerful new tool to study routine liver biopsies in biliary disorders. Cilia dysfunction in BA pathogenesis and/or disease progression warrants further investigation.
Determination of out‐of‐plane electrical resistivity for nonoxide ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Mansour Rabih , Singh Yogesh , Morscher Gregory , Breede Fabian , Koch Dietmar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe understanding of the directional dependence of electrical properties in composite materials is essential to develop an accurate electromechanical model for these materials. However, determining the out‐of‐plane electrical resistivity in composite materials is a challenging task due to the architectural complexity of these materials and the different electrical conductivity of the composite constituents. Moreover, the small thickness of most CMC panels imposes physical difficulties on measuring the out‐of‐plane electrical resistivity directly. This work provides an indirect method for determining the out‐of‐plane electrical resistivity for composite materials while introducing the concept of length constant. This method was utilized and successfully verified for three ceramic matrix composite systems with significantly different electrical properties. The proposed method can potentially be employed for other composite systems with conductive phases.
Effect of amino acid,pHand mineral salts on glass transition and flow behaviour of soy protein concentrate
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Samuelsen Tor Andreas , Garvik Anne B. , Oterhals Åge 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of proline, mineral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) andpHcombined with moisture content on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and flow‐starting temperature (Tf) of soy protein concentrate (SPC). Initial screening of the variables based on fractional factorial design showed insignificant effect of NaCl onTgandTf. The design was extended to a face‐centred central composite design (CCD) excluding NaCl and data evaluated by use of response surface methodology. The established model forTg(R2 = 0.824) shows significant negative first‐order effects of moisture, proline and Na2SO4, and a positive interaction effect of moisture and Na2SO4. TheTfmodel (R2 = 0.937) shows significant negative first‐order effects of moisture and proline, a positive first‐order and negative square effect ofpH, and a negative interaction effect of moisture and proline. The main effect onTgandTfwas 2.2 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, for moisture compared to proline. The study confirms that proline (or other free amino acids) can replace moisture as protein plasticiser in the extrusion process. Minor effects can also be obtained by reduction inpH.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Inequality: An Introduction to the Journal of Management Studies Special Issue
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Bruton Garry D. , Walsh James P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis introduction to the Journal of Management Studies Special Issue on Inequality argues that the way we frame conversations about inequality reveals important information about how poverty and inequality have become institutionalized in modern society. We observe a distinct recent shift in the collective conversation about vulnerable populations in western society away from poverty and toward inequality. We question why this shift has occurred and who benefits from it. Drawing from the provocative papers that populate the Special Issue we describe how forms of talk can help create inequality, maintain it and holds the potential to change it. We encourage new research that adopts a holistic reintegration of poverty and inequality by attending to the ‘dirty realism’ of the violence of poverty and the dire consequences of internalized inequality.
Macronutrient and fibre intake of young Spanish children with reference to their in utero growth status: Are they eating a healthy diet?
Authors: Nuruddin Rozina , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia , Rodriguez‐Lopez Merida , Garcia‐Arenas Dolores , Gratacos Eduard , Crispi Fatima , Acosta‐Rojas Ruthy 
Published: January 2018

AimTo compare macronutrient and fibre intake by pre‐school children born with intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR) or as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and to compare their intake with paediatric nutritional recommendations for identification of potential areas of modification during early life.MethodsA parental 3‐day dietary record was obtained for children of age 1–6 years, born at Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (2002–2007) with IUGR (n = 37) or AGA (n = 53). Mean nutrient intake (adjusted for body mass index), nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) and percentage of energy intake (EI%) were compared.ResultsMacronutrient and fibre intake of the two groups did not differ significantly. However, IUGR children showed significantly higher than the recommended levels of protein EI% (18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 16–19)), NAR for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.5)) and NAR for carbohydrate (1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.6)) and significantly lower than the recommended levels of NAR for unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.8)) and for fibre (0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.8)). Likewise, children born with AGA showed similar pattern compared to the recommended levels for protein EI% (17 (95% CI 16–18)), NAR for SFAs (1.3 (95% CI 1.2–1.4)), NAR for UFAs (0.6 (95% CI 0.5–0.7)) and NAR for fibre (0.8 (95% CI 0.7–0.9)).ConclusionSpanish pre‐school children consume proteins and SFAs in abundance and UFAs and fibre in moderation. Reinforcement of healthy eating is recommended for long‐term health benefits, especially for at‐risk children born with IUGR, whose consumption of carbohydrate is additionally greater than that recommended.
The first record of fossil Vitaceae wood from the Southern Hemisphere, a new combination for Vitaceoxylon ramunculiformis, and reappraisal of the fossil record of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Cenozoic of Australia
Authors: Rozefelds Andrew C. , Pace Marcelo R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAustrovideira dettmannae gen. & sp. nov. from the early Oligocene Capella Flora in central Queensland is the first fossil Vitaceae wood described from the Southern Hemisphere. A new combination, Stafylioxylon ramunculiformis (Poole & Wilkinson) Pace & Rozefelds for a Northern Hemisphere fossil wood is also proposed. Austrovideira and Stafylioxylon share with Vitaceoxylon secondary xylem with two diameter classes of vessels, wide vessels usually solitary, narrow vessels forming radial chains, very wide and tall rays, scanty paratracheal parenchyma and septate fibres. Austrovideira differs from Vitaceoxylon in having scalariform intervessel pits and homocellular rays composed exclusively of procumbent cells. This combination of features is seen in the Ampelocissus‐Vitis clade, and a clearly stratified phloem with fibre bands alternating with all other axial elements and phloem rays rapidly dilating towards the periderm is restricted to Parthenocissus and Vitis. Stafylioxylon shares with Austrovideira the presence of scalariform intervessel pits but it differs from that genus in both ray composition and bark anatomy, as it lacks a stratified phloem. These fossil wood genera demonstrate that the lianescent habit in the Vitaceae was established by the Eocene in the Northern Hemisphere and by the Oligocene in the Southern Hemisphere. The pollen and seed fossil record shows that the Vitaceae were in Australia by the Eocene and fossil seeds suggest that the family had radiated by this time. The Oligocene Capella flora with two seed taxa and fossil wood (Austrovideira) provides further evidence of an Australian radiation. The fossil evidence, suggests a significant Gondwanic history for the family.
The Monetary‐Equivalent Effect of Voluntary Work on Mental Wellbeing in Europe
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Conzo Pierluigi , Di Febbraro Mirko 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe hypothesis that active community involvement is beneficial for health finds strong support in the medical literature and in most policy guidelines for active ageing in OECD countries. We test it empirically and find that voluntary work has a significant impact on several measures of mental wellbeing. When accounting for fixed effects, panel attrition, endogeneity, and reverse causality, the positive effect of voluntary work remains robust. For the first time in the literature, we calculate the monetary equivalent of mental wellbeing benefits of voluntary work with the compensating variation approach, and estimate them up to a maximum of around 9,500 euros per indicator. Our results imply that policies fostering voluntary work of the elderly would contribute to active ageing and the wellbeing of the elderly and reduce welfare costs for society.
Immigration, Cultural Distance and Natives' Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Swiss Voting Results
Authors: Brunner Beatrice , Kuhn Andreas 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe combine community‐level outcomes of 27 votes about immigration issues in Switzerland with census data to estimate the effect of immigration on natives' attitudes towards immigrants. We apply an instrumental variable approach to take potentially endogenous locational choices into account, and we categorize immigrants into two groups according to the cultural values and beliefs of their country of origin to understand how the cultural distance between natives and immigrants affects this relationship. We find that the share of culturally different immigrants is a significant and sizable determinant of anti‐immigration votes, while the presence of culturally similar immigrants does not affect natives' voting behavior at all in most specifications. We argue that the differential impact of the two groups of immigrants is, at least in part, driven by natives' concerns about compositional amenities. We finally find that the share of right‐wing votes in favor of the Swiss People's Party appears to be more elastic with respect to the share of culturally different immigrants than natives' attitudes themselves, suggesting that the party has gained a disproportionate vote share from attitudinal changes caused by immigrant inflows.
A Theory of Tasteful and Distasteful Transactions
Authors: Khalil Elias L. , Marciano Alain 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper develops a theory of tasteful and distasteful exchanges based on rational choice. By making reference to existing literature, we first differentiate repugnant from tasteful/distasteful transactions and bring up the additional consideration of the latter. There is a key difference between the two types of proscribed exchanges: repugnancy and distastefulness. The repugnancy of a transaction is determined by a single factor: tastes (preferences). The distastefulness of a transaction is determined by two factors: the true intention of the actor and the context of the transaction. We characterize tastefulness/distastefulness as a judgment: does the context of the transaction, which expresses “declared intention,” match the “true intention” of the actor? We identify four different kinds of intentions and their matching contexts of exchange. This allows us to classify four different kinds of tasteful transactions, i.e. when true intentions correspond to declared ones—i.e., to their context. It also allows us to classify twelve different kinds of distasteful transactions.
Learnables and Teachables in Second Language Talk: Advancing a Social Reconceptualization of Central SLA Tenets. Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: ESKILDSEN SØREN WIND , MAJLESI ALI REZA 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFollowing Firth & Wagner's (, ) call for a social reconceptualization of central tenets of second language acquisition (SLA) research, this special issue of The Modern Language Journal focuses on practices for teaching and learning a second language (L2) with special attention to the details of socio‐interactional contexts of teaching and learning behaviors/activities. Its goal is to unveil learning processes and practices as socially observable phenomena in situ and in vivo and to discuss pedagogical implications of the findings. As such, the issue focuses on some well‐established concepts from the SLA field, including noticing, attention, and corrective feedback, but aims to explore and reconceptualize them in terms of social displays of behavior and social practices as seen through the lens of conversation analysis. This Introduction sets the stage for the articles in the special issue by tracing SLA's interest in socio‐interactional aspects of learning before moving on to a brief discussion of the epistemology of CA. We then outline the ways in which the individual articles empirically contribute to a social understanding of learning and cognition in SLA, before summarizing the main points addressed in the special issue.
Epistemological Reorientations and L2 Interactional Settings: A Postscript to the Special Issue
Authors: KASPER GABRIELE , WAGNER JOHANNES 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis postscript discusses the contributions of the four articles in this issue to the field and positions them in relation to other studies in recent CA research on L2. The articles focus on the two arenas for L2 learning: the classroom and the lifeworld of learners. These arenas are widely different from each other and equally so within with respect to organization and participation frameworks and the social practices deployed; but the interactional problems that participants confront inside and outside of the classroom partially overlap. Learning and teaching objects (or ‘learnables’) are brought into being by the participants through their joint actions, at particular moments in the ongoing activity, be it in a classroom or a situation in the lifeworld. The four articles re‐specify standard SLA concepts in interactional terms: attention and noticing (Kunitz, 2018, this issue), corrective feedback (Majlesi, 2018, this issue), negotiation of/for meaning (Eskildsen, 2018, this issue), and corrections and metalinguistic explanations (Theodórsdóttir, 2018, this issue). Their re‐specification adds value to these concepts because it furnishes them with a publicly visible interactional grounding and shows in each case how linguistic items become objects for reflexive linguistic practices by the participants.