bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2X3 receptor‐mediated visceral hyperalgesia and neuronal sensitization following exposure to PTSD‐like stress in the dorsal root ganglia of rats
Authors: He Y.‐Q. , Lang X.‐Q. , Lin L. , Ji L. , Yuan X.‐Y. , Chen Q. , Ran Y.‐M. , Chen H.‐S. , Li L. , Wang J.‐M. , Wang Z.‐G. , Gregersen H. , Zou D.‐W. , Liang H.‐P. , Yang M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often share co‐morbidity with chronic pain conditions. Recent studies suggest a role of P2X3 receptors and ATP signaling in pain conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms of visceral hyperalgesia following exposure to PTSD‐like stress conditions remain unclarified.MethodsThe behavior and hormones relevant for PTSD were studied. Visceromotor responses (VMR) and the abdominal withdrawal reflexes (AWR) to colorectal distention (CRD) were recorded to determine P2X3‐receptor–mediated alteration of hyperalgesia following single‐prolonged stress (SPS) exposure. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and patch‐clamp were used.Key ResultsThe escape latency, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol were increased on days 7–14. Visceromotor responses and AWR was reduced at day 1 in SPS rats but increased to higher levels than in controls after exposure to day 7. Intrathecal administration of the P2X3‐receptor antagonist TNP‐ATP abolished the CRD response. Based on immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis, SPS‐treated rats exhibited reduced P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after day 1 compared with controls. P2X3 expression in DRG was enhanced on day 7 after SPS and the increase of the P2X3 expression was maintained on day 14 and 21 compared with controls. The P2X3‐receptor agonist α,β‐me ATP (10 μM) induced a fast desensitizing inward current in DRG neurons of both control and SPS‐treated rats. The average peak current densities in SPS‐treated group were increased 3.6‐fold. TNP‐ATP (100 nM) markedly blocked all fast α,β‐me ATP‐induced inward currents in the DRG neurons both in control and SPS‐treated rats.Conclusions & InferencesThe data indicate an important role of P2X3 signaling in visceral hyperalgesia following PTSD‐like stress.
Early satiety and postprandial fullness in gastroparesis correlate with gastroparesis severity, gastric emptying, and water load testing
Authors: Parkman H. P. , Hallinan E. K. , Hasler W. L. , Farrugia G. , Koch K. L. , Nguyen L. , Snape W. J. , Abell T. L. , McCallum R. W. , Sarosiek I. , Pasricha P. J. , Clarke J. , Miriel L. , Tonascia J. , Hamilton F. ,   The NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC)
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundEarly satiety (ES) and postprandial fullness (PPF) are often present in gastroparesis, but the importance of these symptoms in gastroparesis has not been well‐described. The aims were: (i) Characterize ES and PPF in patients with gastroparesis. (ii) Assess relationships of ES and PPF with etiology of gastroparesis, quality of life, body weight, gastric emptying, and water load testing.MethodsGastroparetic patients filled out questionnaires assessing symptoms (PAGI‐SYM) and quality of life (PAGI‐QOL, SF‐36v2). Patients underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy and water load testing.Key Results198 patients with gastroparesis (134 IG, 64 DG) were evaluated. Early satiety was severe or very severe in 50% of patients. Postprandial fullness was severe or very severe in 60% of patients. Severity scores for ES and PPF were similar between idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis. Increasing severity of ES and PPF were associated with other gastroparesis symptoms including nausea/vomiting, satiety/early fullness, bloating, and upper abdominal pain and GERD subscores. Increasing severity of ES and PPF were associated with increasing gastroparesis severity, decreased BMI, decreased quality of life from PAGI‐QOL and SF‐36 physical health. Increasing severity of ES and PPF were associated with increasing gastric retention of a solid meal and decreased volume during water load test.Conclusions & InferencesEarly satiety and PPF are commonly severe symptoms in both diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Early satiety and PPF severity are associated with other gastroparesis symptom severities, body weight, quality of life, gastric emptying, and water load testing. Thus, ES and PPF are important symptoms characterizing gastroparesis. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT NCT01696747.
Pampered inside, pestered outside? Differences and similarities between plants growing in controlled conditions and in the field
Authors: Poorter Hendrik , Fiorani Fabio , Pieruschka Roland , Wojciechowski Tobias , van der Putten Wim H. , Kleyer Michael , Schurr Uli , Postma Johannes 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPlant biologists often grow plants in growth chambers or glasshouses with the ultimate aim to understand or improve plant performance in the field. What is often overlooked is how results from controlled conditions translate back to field situations. A meta‐analysis showed that lab‐grown plants had faster growth rates, higher nitrogen concentrations and different morphology. They remained smaller, however, because the lab plants had grown for a much shorter time. We compared glasshouse and growth chamber conditions with those in the field and found that the ratio between the daily amount of light and daily temperature (photothermal ratio) was consistently lower under controlled conditions. This may strongly affect a plant's source : sink ratio and hence its overall morphology and physiology. Plants in the field also grow at higher plant densities. A second meta‐analysis showed that a doubling in density leads on average to 34% smaller plants with strong negative effects on tiller or side‐shoot formation but little effect on plant height. We found the r2 between lab and field phenotypic data to be rather modest (0.26). Based on these insights, we discuss various alternatives to facilitate the translation from lab results to the field, including several options to apply growth regimes closer to field conditions.

Contents

Summary

I.
Introduction
839

II.
Phenotypic differences between lab‐ and field‐grown plants
839

III.
The shoot environment
841

IV.
The root environment
845

V.
Effects of plant density
847

VI.
Consistency among species or genotypes in ranking between lab and field
848

VII.
Translation of lab results to the field
849

VIII.
Conclusions
851

Acknowledgements
851

Author contributions
852

References
852

Appendix A1
854
Anesthetic management of premature conjoined twins posted for nonseparation emergency surgery
Authors: Kulhari Sunita , Rastogi Amit , Kanaujia Ashish , Biswas Poulomi , Singh Prabhat Kumar 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCraniopagus conjoined twins are rare, and the chance that an anesthesiologist might face the challenge of providing anesthesia for this condition is very rare. The incidence of conjoined twins ranges from 1 : 50 000 to 1 : 200 000 births. We describe the anesthetic management of a pair of premature craniopagus conjoined twins posted for emergency surgery prior to their separation.
Online dating system design and relational decision making: Choice, algorithms, and control
Authors: TONG STEPHANIE T. , HANCOCK JEFFREY T. , SLATCHER RICHARD B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOne of the most popular ways to initiate romantic relationships today is through online dating. Typical dating systems follow one of three formats, see‐and‐screen (e.g.,
Match.com), algorithm (e.g.,
eHarmony.com), and blended (e.g.,
OkCupid.com), which differ in the amount of individual control and algorithmic involvement they offer users. Do different features affect daters' decisions and expectations regarding relational development with selected partners? Study 1 indicated that although daters appreciated the personal control over mate selection afforded by see‐and‐screen systems, they also enjoyed using algorithmic systems. Study 2 found that blended systems provided “the best of both worlds” by offering dual benefits of control and algorithmic validation during mate selection. Findings shed light on self‐determination theory, decision making, and relationship formation more broadly.
Describing the Shape of the Relationship Between Gestational Age at Birth and Cognitive Development in a Nationally Representative U.S. Birth Cohort
Authors: Richards Jennifer L. , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn , Sales Jessica M. , Flanders William Dana , Kramer Michael R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreterm children face higher risk of cognitive and academic deficits compared with their full‐term peers. The objective of this study was to describe early childhood cognitive ability and kindergarten academic achievement across gestational age at birth in a population‐based longitudinal cohort.MethodsThe study population included singletons born at 24–42 weeks gestation enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort (n = 6150 for 2‐year outcome, n = 4450 for kindergarten outcome). Home‐based assessments measured cognitive ability at 2 years and reading and mathematics achievement at kindergarten age. Linear regression models estimated the association between gestational age and cognitive and academic scores using four different ways of modelling gestational age: continuous variable in linear and quadratic terms; categories for individual weeks; and clinical categories for early preterm, moderate preterm, late preterm, early term, full term, late term, and post‐term.ResultsChildren born at early preterm (24–27 weeks), moderate preterm (28–33 weeks), and late preterm (34–36 weeks) scored significantly worse than full‐term (39–40 weeks) peers on 2‐year and kindergarten assessments; however, no deficits were observed for early term (37–38 weeks). These categories were a clinically useful and parsimonious approach to stratifying risk of adverse cognitive and academic outcomes.ConclusionsThis study estimated the relative performance of children born at 24–42 weeks in a population‐based birth cohort using multiple approaches to modelling gestational age, providing a more rigorous understanding of the relationships between the full spectrum of gestational age and cognitive and academic outcomes in early childhood and at school age.
3D Cohort Study: The Integrated Research Network in Perinatology of Quebec and Eastern Ontario
Authors: Fraser William D. , Shapiro Gabriel D. , Audibert François , Dubois Lise , Pasquier Jean‐Charles , Julien Pierre , Bérard Anick , Muckle Gina , Trasler Jacquetta , Tremblay Richard E. , Abenhaim Haim , Welt Michel , Bédard Marie‐Josée , Bissonnette François , Bujold Emmanuel , Gagnon Robert , Michaud Jacques L. , Girard Isabelle , Moutquin Jean‐Marie , Marc Isabelle , Monnier Patricia , Séguin Jean R. , Luo Zhong‐Cheng ,   for the 3D Study Group
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe 3D Cohort Study (Design, Develop, Discover) was established to help bridge knowledge gaps about the links between various adverse exposures during pregnancy with birth outcomes and later health outcomes in children.MethodsPregnant women and their partners were recruited during the first trimester from nine sites in Quebec and followed along with their children through to 2 years of age. Questionnaires were administered during pregnancy and post‐delivery to collect information on demographics, mental health and life style, medical history, psychosocial measures, diet, infant growth, and neurodevelopment. Information on the delivery and newborn outcomes were abstracted from medical charts. Biological specimens were collected from mothers during each trimester, fathers (once during the pregnancy), and infants (at delivery and 2 years of age) for storage in a biological specimen bank.ResultsOf the 9864 women screened, 6348 met the eligibility criteria and 2366 women participated in the study (37% of eligible women). Among women in the 3D cohort, 1721 of their partners (1704 biological fathers) agreed to participate (73%). Two thousand two hundred and nineteen participants had a live singleton birth (94%). Prenatal blood and urine samples as well as vaginal secretions were collected for ≥98% of participants, cord blood for 81% of livebirths, and placental tissue for 89% of livebirths.ConclusionsThe 3D Cohort Study combines a rich bank of multiple biological specimens with extensive clinical, life style, and psychosocial data. This data set is a valuable resource for studying the developmental etiology of birth and early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes.
New Faces in Rural Places: Patterns and Sources of Nonmetropolitan Ethnoracial Diversity since 1990
Authors: Sharp Gregory , Lee Barrett A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMuch of the research on ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan America consists of case studies describing how the arrival of Hispanics has transformed a particular community. To complement this work, we examine the dimensions and sources of diversity for a sample of 10,000 nonmetro places. We identify two dimensions of diversity—magnitude and structure—and draw hypotheses about their changes and correlates from the spatial assimilation and locational persistence perspectives and relevant scholarship. Our analysis of 1990–2010 decennial census and American Community Survey data documents a pervasive upward trend in diversity magnitude. However, places tend to follow parallel rather than identical diversity trajectories and to retain the same type of racial‐ethnic structure in 2010 that they exhibited 20 years earlier. Fixed effects regression models show that ethnoracial diversity gains are most likely in nonmetro communities with plentiful economic opportunities; fewer old residents; and growing total, foreign‐born, and correctional populations. These correlates hold for micropolitan and rural places and across census regions. Though our results largely conform to locational persistence logic, we find that spatial assimilation still has some merit, underscoring the importance of incorporating multiple theoretical models into a segmented change approach to nonmetropolitan diversity.
Therapeutic Potential for Targeting the Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling‐1 Pathway for the Treatment of SLE
Authors: Sukka‐Ganesh B. , Larkin J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough the specific events dictating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathology remain unclear, abundant evidence indicates a critical role for dysregulated cytokine signalling in disease progression. Notably, the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins, in particular the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) bearing SOCS1 and SOCS3, plays a critical role in regulating cytokine signalling. To assess a relationship between SOCS1/SOCS3 expression and SLE, the goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the time kinetics of SOCS1/SOCS3 message and protein expression based on SLE‐associated stimulations, (2) compare levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 present in SLE patients and healthy controls by message and protein, (3) relate SOCS1/SOCS3 expression to inflammatory markers in SLE patients and (4) correlate SOCS1/SOCS3 levels to current treatments. We found that SOCS1 and SOCS3 were most abundant in murine splenic samples at 48 h subsequent to stimulation by anti‐CD3, LPS or interferon‐gamma. In addition, significant reductions in SOCS1 and SOCS3 were present within PMBCs of SLE patients compared to controls by both mRNA and protein expression. We also found that decreased levels of SOCS1 in SLE patients were correlated with enhanced levels of inflammatory markers and upregulated expression of MHC class II. Finally, we show that patients receiving steroid treatment possessed higher levels SOCS1 compared to SLE patient counterparts and that steroid administration to human PBMCs upregulated SOCS1 message in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that therapeutic strategies focused on SOCS1 signalling may have efficacy in the treatment of SLE.
Flexibility is associated with motor competence in schoolchildren
Authors: Lopes L. , Póvoas S. , Mota J. , Okely A. D. , Coelho‐e‐Silva M. J. , Cliff D. P. , Lopes V. P. , Santos R. 
Published: October 2016

Available data on the associations between motor competence (MC) and flexibility are limited and result inconclusive. This study aims to examine the relationship between flexibility and MC in children. The sample comprised 596 Portuguese children (47.1% girls) aged 9.7 ± 0.6 years. Motor competence was evaluated with the body coordination test, Körperkoordination Test für Kinder. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20‐m shuttle run), muscular strength (curl‐up and push‐up tests), and flexibility (back‐saver sit and reach and trunk‐lift tests) were evaluated using the Fitnessgram Test Battery. Z‐scores by age and gender for the physical fitness tests were constructed. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were performed. Participants in the healthy zone groups of both flexibility tests exhibited significantly better scores of MC than the participants under the healthy zone (P < 0.001). Back‐saver sit and reach and trunk‐lift Z‐scores, either individually or as a sum, were significant predictors of MC (P < 0.05 for all) after adjustments for the other physical fitness components, age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status, in both genders. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting and developing flexibility, as well as the other health‐related physical fitness components in schoolchildren to reach adequate levels of MC.
Changes in physical activity and sedentary time in the Finnish Schools on the Move program: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Haapala Henna L. , Hirvensalo Mirja H. , Kulmala Janne , Hakonen Harto , Kankaanpää Anna , Laine Kaarlo , Laakso Lauri , Tammelin Tuija H. 
Published: October 2016

The aim of the Finnish Schools on the Move program is to create a more active and pleasant school day through physical activity (PA). In this quasi‐experimental design, we compared changes in moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) during the school day and outside school hours for Grades 1–9 over two academic years in four program schools and two reference schools. Altogether 319 girls and boys aged 7–15 participated in the study between 2010 and 2012. MVPA and ST were measured four times over the 1.5‐year follow‐up period for seven consecutive days, using a hip‐worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Linear growth curve modeling was used to examine the effect of the program on MVPA and ST during follow‐up. School day MVPA increased (P = 0.010) and school day ST decreased (P = 0.008) in program primary schools (Grades 1–6) more compared with the reference schools. The effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the difference in change (from the first to the last measurement) were small (d = 0.18 and d = −0.27, respectively). No differences in the changes of leisure‐time or whole‐day MVPA and ST between the program and reference schools were observed during follow‐up. In conclusion, the changes in school day MVPA and ST did not translate into positive effects across the whole day. More effective and longer promotion actions are needed for positive changes in PA and ST, especially in lower secondary schools and for all daily segments.
Composition and adaptation of human myotendinous junction and neighboring muscle fibers to heavy resistance training
Authors: Jakobsen J. R. , Mackey A. L. , Knudsen A. B. , Koch M. , Kjær M. , Krogsgaard M. R. 
Published: October 2016

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a common site of strain injury and yet understanding of its composition and ability to adapt to loading is poor. The main aims of this study were to determine the profile of selected collagens and macrophage density in human MTJ and adjoining muscle fibers, and to investigate whether heavy exercise loading would alter this profile. Fifteen individuals scheduled for anterior cruciate ligament repair surgery were randomized into three groups: control, acute or 4 weeks heavy resistance training. MTJ samples were collected from the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles and were sectioned and stained immunohistochemically for collagen types I, III, VI, XII, XIV, XXII, Tenascin‐C and CD68. Macrophage density and distribution was evaluated and the amount of each collagen type in muscle and MTJ was graded. Collagen XXII was observed solely at the MTJ, while all other collagens were abundant at the MTJ and in muscle perimysium or endomysium. The endomysial content of collagen XIV, macrophages and Tenascin‐C increased following 4 weeks of training. These findings illustrate the heterogeneity of collagen type composition of human MTJ. The increase in collagen XIV following 4 weeks of training may reflect a training‐induced protection against strain injuries in this region.
Predictors of Beagley–Gibson skin cast grade in older adults
Authors: Thompson M. J. W. , Aitken D. A. , van der Mei I. A. , Otahal P. , Cicolini J. , Winzenberg T. M. , Jones G. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeThe Beagley–Gibson (BG) grading system utilizes microtopographical skin changes to generate an individualized, objective estimate of cumulative, lifetime ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. However, predictors of BG grade are ill‐defined, particularly in older populations. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to describe the factors associated with skin damage as measured by the BG method in 835 community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsStudy participants aged 53–83 years had silicone casts taken from the dorsum of both hands and graded by the BG method. Lifetime sun exposure, skin phenotypic traits and smoking status were assessed by questionnaire. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and melanin density were measured using radioimmunoassay and spectrophotometry, respectively. Ordered logistic regression was used to compute a single odds ratio (OR) by taking BG grade as the outcome variable.ResultsHigher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was associated with increasing BG grade (OR = 1.39, P = 0.02) in adjusted analysis. Age (OR = 1.14, P < 0.001), occupational sun exposure (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001), ability to tan (OR = 1.40, P < 0.001), melanin density (OR=0.79, P = 0.001), lifetime leisure time sun exposure (OR = 1.21, P = 0.004), current smoking (OR = 1.82, P = 0.007), propensity to sunburn (OR = 1.18, P = 0.016), and waist–hip ratio (OR = 1.10, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of BG grade. Hair colour, number of sunburns, body mass index and gender were not independent predictors of BG grade.ConclusionsBeagley–Gibson skin cast grade is a biologically relevant marker of UVR exposure in older adults influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Adjusting to Immigrants in Two Midwestern Communities: Same Outcome, Different Process
Authors: Lay J. Celeste 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThis article examines the distinct processes of accommodation to immigrants in two similar small towns in Iowa. Ethnic conflict and contact theories predict that the processes would be similar in these towns, but their experiences demonstrate otherwise.MethodsThe study traces the histories of these towns and uses surveys, focus groups, and interviews to detail the process of accommodation in these communities.ResultsIn both towns, white/Anglo residents came to accommodate their new neighbors and accept immigrants as full members of their communities, but the processes were unique in each place. In one community, earlier exposure to a small group of Laotian refugees gave residents and officials valuable experience with diversity. Further, this town was pushed toward acceptance when an outside group spread falsehoods.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that adjusting to ethnic diversity is a long‐term process that is unique to a community's experience with diversity.