bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Two Formulations of Rh-0345 (A Growth Regulator) and Merit Against European Chafer and Japanese Beetle Larvae, Home Lawn, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two formulations of RH0345 (2F and 2.5G) and Merit (75 SP and 0.5G) were tested for efficacy against European chafer and Japanese beetle larvae on a home lawn in Waltham, Mass. Grub populations were ca. 60% European chafer, 30% Japanese beetle, and 10% Asiatic garden beetle at the time of evaluation. The lawn consisted of 30% perennial ryegrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 30% crabgrass, and 10% dandelion, and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 10:00 and 11:00 AM on 1 Aug 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 82° F, sunny and moderately humid with light SW wind (5-10 mph); soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.4; water pH, 8.2. All plots were hand watered with 0.1 inch immediately after application, and an additional 0.2 inch was applied through overhead irrigation within 2 hr after application. No measurable rain fell in the area for 2 wk after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 11 Sep (41 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.
Laboratory Efficacy of Selected Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Blueberry Mealybug, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Stuart R. J. , Lewis E. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in plastic Petri dishes (35 mm diam.) filled with coarse sterile sand mixed with distilled water (10% water by weight). A single final instar mealybug on a small piece of fresh blueberry root was buried in the center of each dish. Nematodes were added in a drop of distilled water (50 u.1) applied away from the center of the dish. Different doses of nematodes were applied using the dilution method in which a series of mixtures of nematodes in water was prepared at the appropriate densities for each experiment. In Experiment 1, three species of nematodes, Steinernema carpocapse (All strain), S. glaseri (NC strain) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88 strain), were tested at doses of 10, 50, 100, and 500 infective juveniles (ijs) per dish. Mealybug mortality was assessed at 2- and 5-DAT. Each treatment (species/dose/exposure period) was replicated 12 times. Replicates where the mealybug could not be located were omitted from the study. In Experiment 2, we tested S. feltiae (Australia strain) and H. bacteriophora (HbNJ strain) at 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ijs per dish at an exposure period of 5 d, and replicated 24 times per treatment. In both experiments, after treatment application, the dishes were placed in a large food storage box with damp paper towels to maintain a high humidity, and incubated at 25°C. The nematodes for all experiments were reared in Galleria mellonella larvae and used within two weeks of emergence into white traps.
Control of German Cockroaches with a Hydramethylnon Bait
Authors: Ross Mary H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The response of German cockroaches to MaxForce, a 0.05% hydramethylnon bait (Clorox Co.), in the presence of an alternate food source, was evaluated. Also, survivors were saved, mated, and progeny tested to investigate the possible development of either physiological or behavioral resistance. Cockroaches were from 5 field-collected strains from different geographic localities. Ten male and 10 female 6th instars were starved overnight, placed in 5 gal aquaria, and given a choice of dog chow or bait. Tests were run for 48 h. Mortality was recorded during and after the test until 2 d passed with no further death. Bait and dog chow consumption was determined (mg). Bait preference/avoidance was evaluated by dividing bait consumption by total food consumption (bait + dog chow). Six to 8 replicates were done on each strain in each generation.
Grape, Large Plot Grape Leafhopper Control, 1995
Authors: Johnson James W. , Kriegel Robert D. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature ‘Concord’ grape plantings near Lawton, MI (Brian Cronneweitt farm) as one-acre, unreplicated blocks. Two 0.3 acre blocks served as untreated checks. All treatments were applied on 10 Jul with an Ag-Tech airblast sprayer using 30 gpa. Grape leafhoppers were sampled weekly from 7 Jul until 12 Sep by counting the no. of nymphs on 25 leaves. Ten sets of counts were made in each plot on each sample date. Leafhopper counts for all dates were transformed to Log(x + 1) and analyzed in MSTATC using one way ANOVA. Fischer’s LSD multiple comparison procedure was performed on sample dates with significant treatment effects (P &lt; 0.05).
Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles in Spring and Fall, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cucumbers were planted on 17 Jun and 12 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 25 ft long with 5 ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by 10 ft of bare ground. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB. Prior to planting, the Admire and Furadan treatments were applied in furrow using a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer. The foliar sprays were applied with a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 45 gpa at 40 psi. The Adios AG treatments were broadcast over the appropriate rows using a hand-held shaker on the same dates as the foliar sprays. Application dates were 18 and 24 Jul and 2 Aug for the spring planting and 30 Aug and 9 and 23 Sep for the fall planting. Evaluation criteria were: beetle counts on a 6 ft row section of each plot. Dates with significant differences are recorded in the tables. No attempt was made to obtain yield data, because the growth of the crop across the field was highly variable due to heavy rainfall, especially in the spring planting.
Potato Leafhopper Control on Alfalfa, 1996
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The 68 X 68 ft plots were in a 4-yr-old stand of ‘Wampr’ alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated three times in a RCB design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied 20 Jun with a low pressure, low volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 stainless steel 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. A standard treatment of Cygon 4 EC was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre. PLH densities were determined 4, 7, 11 and 18 DAT by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net.
Apple, Early Season Evaluation of Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven insecticide treatments and an untreated check, each replicated 4 times, were applied to single-tree plots of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Yorking’ trees, in a randomized block design. The trees were planted at a spacing of 20 x 20 ft and were 23 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 GPA at 2 mph. Phenological stages for tree development and insecticide applications were based on ‘Golden Delicious’ development. A regular fungicide schedule (Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the season. Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 50WP) were applied at 1- to 2-week intervals beginning at petal fall in early May. Effectiveness of the sprays for rosy apple aphid control was evaluated by counting the total number of RAA injured clusters/tree and total number of injured apples per tree in a 5-min sample per tree for each variable. WALH was sampled by counting the number of nymphs present on 25 injured leaves per tree. Also, 200 leaves per tree were randomly sampled for evidence of stippling caused by the feeding of WALH. STLM was evaluated on 6 Jun by counting the number of tissue-feeding mines per 5 min around the periphery of the tree. A sample of tissue-feeding mines was collected and the percentage of parasitized STLM determined. Pest pressure was moderate.
Control of Second Generation European Corn Borer, 1996
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for second generation ECB control were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 16 Aug. Liquid formulated insecticides were applied with a Hahn Hi-Boy calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 30 psi. Two days prior to application, six black headed egg masses on paper disc were pinned to the middle portion of 10 marked corn plants in each replicate. Experimental design was RCB with four replications. On 27 Sep, the infested plants were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer larvae recorded. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance. Treatment means were separated using LSD procedures.
Cotton Aphid Control on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was seeded on 36 inch beds in a field at the West Watkins AREC, Lane, OK in Jul. The experimental design was a CRB with 4 replicates and 5 treatments. Plots were 3 beds wide and 50 ft long. Insecticide treatments were made to 2 of the 3 beds in each plot with a high clearance sprayer (24 gpa, 40psi) using 5 flat fan nozzles per bed. Applications were made to the plots on 20 and 27 Sep and 15 Oct. Aphid abundance was determined approximately 3 days after application by counting all aphids present on the terminal 3 mature leaves on 5 plants per plot. Data were transformed prior to analysis with a Logl0(n + 1) transformation and then analyzed using ANOVA and a LSD (P = 0.1).
Control of Cotton Aphid with Insecticide Tank Mixes, 1995
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticide combinations against cotton aphids in northeast Arkansas. Test plots consisted of four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long. Treatments were arranged in . RCBD with 4 replications. The plots were treated with aldicarb at 0.5 lbs (AI)/acre at planting. Plots were over-sprayed with oxamyl at 0.25 lbs (AI)/acre on 20 Jun. Treatments were applied on 11 Jul with a hand-held boom calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-4 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 42 psi. Treatments were evaluated 3 DAT by counting the number of live cotton aphids on 10 leaves per plot. At 7 DAT an epizootic of the entomopathe genie fungus, Neozygites fresenii, had dramatically reduced numbers in all plots and the test was terminated.
Control of Black Cutworm Larvae on a Bentgrass Fairway, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a golf course fairwa; of Columbia Hills Country Club at Columbia Station in Lorain Co., OH. Insecticides were applied the evening of 30 Jul to plots 6 X 20 ft (1.8 x 6.1 m arranged in a RCB replicated four times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 29 psi (2.04 kg/cm2) pressurt that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). The experimental area received no post-treatment irrigation between applications and data acqui sition. Environmental conditons at time of treatment were as follows: BCW - approximately 6/yd2, various instars; turf-level, dry, 1/2 inch (13 mm) ht 100% creeping bentgrass, 14 inch (6 mm) thatch depth; soil - moist, 78°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 79°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); weather - mostly cloudy, 80°F 0-10 mph (0-16 km/h). Counts of the BCW carcasses present on surface of each plot were recorded the morning following treatment approximately 12 hours after treatment. Evaluation was done on the morning of 1 Aug, approximately 36 hours after treatment, by recording the number of BCW live lar vae flushed to the surface using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Joy dishwashing detergent per 2 gal (7.6 liter) water in two 1 yd2 (0.9 X 0.9 m) areas ii each plot.
Spring Management of Adult Black Turfgrass Ataenius on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The field plot consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%) and creeping bentgrass (70%) in Easton, PA. Treatment plots were 6 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 682 ml of water/36 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At the treatment time (13 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 54°F; temperature at 1 inch depth, 60°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 58°F; RH, 45%; amount of thatch, 0.5 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 24.8% sand, 51.9% silt, 23.3% clay; organic matter, 2.6%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.3; application time, late-morning; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 20 May. BTA control was evaluated by randomly placing two 14-inch filtration rings in each replicate, filling them with soapy water, and counting the total number of adult black turfgrass ataenius floating to the surface.
Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996
Authors: Heller P.R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue in Somerset, PA. Treatment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 73%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 34.4% sand, 48.7% silt, 16.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 24.1%; organic matter, 5.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late morning; and overcast skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 6 DAT (6 Aug) and 14 DAT (14 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Control of Thrips Infesting Gladiolus Flowers with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Sclar Casey , Bishop Jason 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Field Research Center of Colorado State University, located northeast of Ft. Collins, CO. The site used was three furrow-irrigated rows of plants, each separated into 10 ft plots (8 plants at 1 ft o.c, 2 ft gap separating each plot). The experimental design used was a CRD with four replications. Treatments were applied on 2 Sep with a compressed-air sprayer to the point of run-off. Plots were sampled at one day and four days (3 and 6 Sep) after foliar applications. Sampling was done by removing 3 blossoms from each plot and returning them to the laboratory where they were refrigerated until further processing. Refrigeration prevented subsequent predation by Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) present in the plots. For the 1 DAT sample, the three blossoms were rinsed with 75% EtOH directly into a counting dish for examination. For the 4 DAT sample, the three blossoms were rinsed with 75% EtOH through a #14 and #250 mesh sieves. Contents collected on the #250 mesh sieve were rinsed into a dish for examination and counting under a dissecting microscope at 15 X normal magnification.
Slug Control In Soybean, 1995
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three molluscicides were tested at various rates for control of slugs in soybean near Wooster, OH. There were 4 replications of 7 treatments with plots measuring 50 X 50 ft. Molluscicides treatments were applied to plots using an Ortho Whirlybird hand spreader on the evening of 7 Jun. Soybeans were in the VE growth stage at the time of application. Molluscicide efficacy was measured using 2 methods. The first technique was counting the number of slugs per 2 ft2 area at 9 DAT; counts were taken at dusk as the slugs emerged from underneath crop residue. Three such areas per plot were examined and all slugs were counted, whether on the plants or the crop residue. The second evaluation sampled slugs using attractant beer traps at 1 and 2 wk after treatment. Plastic 16 oz cups were placed in holes, partially filled with beer, and covered with a 1 ft2 aluminum-covered roofing shingle. The numbers of slugs per trap were recorded the following day. All sampling was done in the center 20 X 20 ft area of the plots. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; LSD was used to separate treatment means where appropriate.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests, 1992
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set out on 27 Mar at the UG Coastal Plain Experiment Station Ponder Farm near Tifton. Plant spacing was 12 inches in the row and 36 inches between rows. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Insecticides were applied with a two-row boom equipped with three Spraying Systems TX18 hollow cone nozzles per row delivering 50 gpa at a pressure of 100 psi. A surfactant, Valent X-77, was included with all treatments at a concentration of 0.25%. Application dates were 16, 23,30 Apr; 11 and 18 May. Larval counts were made on five plants per plot on 17Apr;5, 15 and 24 May. Market quality was assessed on 26 May by scoring 10 heads per plot, using a 0-5 scale as given in the table. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated by LSD (P = 0.05).
Control of Tomato/Potato Psyllid on Greenhouse Tomatoes, 1997
Authors: Al-Jaber Ahmed M. , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on greenhouse tomatoes, approximately 12 inches in height, grown in 4.5-in pots. Plots consisted of individual plants and experimental design was a completely randomized with 8 replications. Prior to applications, individual leaves infested with psyllids were marked and subsequently monitored. Treatments were applied 25 Jun to the point of leaf wetting with a hand-pump sprayer. Evaluations were made 1, 2, and 5 days after treatment (DAT) by examining the previously marked leaves and assessing mortality.
Insect Management on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1997A
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 12 Mar, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft-row with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 9, 18, 24, 30 Apr, 7, 14, and 21 May. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first three applications, 90 gpa the next three applications, and 120 gpa for the last application using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 13 Jun, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 2-min whole-plot search. Leafmine counts of both persons were totaled. Fruit were harvested on 20 May and 3 Jun. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae, flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end), and stink bugs were determined.
Efficacy of Foliar Insecticides Against Potato Leafhopper, 1997
Authors: Youngman R. R. , Kuhar T. P. , Laub C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments and an untreated check were evaluated against PLH nymphs and adults in a 4th-year stand of ‘Arrow’ alfalfa located in Montgomery Co., VA. Plots of 20 X 30 ft were arranged in a RCBD in each of four replications. PLH densities and stem ht were determined on 18 Jul in each plot prior to spray treatment. Post-treatment PLH densities and stem ht were sampled every 4 to 5 d in all plots through 11 Aug. PLH density was estimated using combined counts of nymphs and adults from 5 pendulum sweeps of a 15-inch-diam sweep net taken arbitrarily across the plot. Stem ht was determined by measuring the length of 2 stems per plot. All insecticide treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 18 Jul using a CO2 backpack sprayer. The backpack sprayer was equipped with 4, 8002VS stainless steel spray tips and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 40 psi. Weather conditions during application ranged from 85-90°F air temperature, clear skies, and minimal wind movement. A two-way ANOVA and LSD were used to analyze differences among treatments in PLH sweep-net counts, after (x + 0.5)1/2 transformation, and stem ht.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1997
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (4% Experiment 1 and 17% Experiment 2) and WCR (96% Experiment 1 and 83% Experiment 2) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Com was planted no-till on 21 May for both experiments using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2-row planter with 30-inch spacing. Three treatments (Fortress 5G 0.16 lb (AI)/acre applied in furrow and T-band, Aztec 4.67 G 0.02 lb (AI)/acre applied T-band) in both experiments were planted using a SmartBox™ Closed Pesticide Delivery System on 21 May. Two treatments (Furadan 4°F 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, not cultivated in and cultivated in) were applied post emergence on 17 Jun based on GDD (growing degree days). The field used in Experiment 1 was planted with com and pumpkin as a trap crop for rootworm adults in 1996. Insecticides were applied to 10 X 40 ft plots (for 30-inch rows) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications per treatment and an untreated check. Plant populations were counted 25 Jun at both locations to quantify seedling emergence and identify any phytotoxicity that may have resulted from the treatments. Root damage was rated on 31 Jul (Experiment 1) and 1 Aug (Experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. All treatments were harvested in Experiment 1 for silage and grain yield. Only grain yield was measured in Experiment 2. Silage yield was determined on 26 Sep in Experiment 1 by harvesting 1/1000 acre (17 ft of one row) in each plot by hand because the silage harvester wasn’t working properly. Percent moisture for silage in Experiment 1 was determined for each replication by drying 14 random plant samples collected across the various treatments. Silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture. Grain yield in both experiments was determined on 31 Oct by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn with a Massey-Ferguson combine. The harvested rows were in the same relative position in each plot in both experiments. Percent moisture of the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and the grain yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture for both experiments.