bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falling status epilepticus mortality rates in England and Wales: 2001–2013?
Authors: Neligan Aidan , Walker Matthew C. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryStatus epilepticus (SE) is associated with significant mortality and accounts for ~10% of epilepsy‐related deaths. Epilepsy and SE mortality data from 2001 to 2013, in addition to annual age group populations for England and Wales, were obtained from the Office of National Statistics website (www.ons.gov.uk). Age‐adjusted mortality rates for epilepsy and SE with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the European Standard Population. Trends in mortality rates for both epilepsy and SE were investigated using the Spearman coefficient. The crude mean epilepsy mortality rate per 100,000 person‐years between 2001 and 2013 was 1.87 (95% CI 1.83–1.91), with a corresponding SE mortality rate of 0.14 (95% CI 0.13–0.15). The mean age‐adjusted epilepsy mortality rate per 100,000 person years was 3.24 (95% CI 3.12–3.35), with a corresponding SE mortality rate of 0.24 (95% CI 0.21–0.27). All epilepsy deaths significantly decreased from 2001 to 2013 (Spearman's ρ −0.733, p = 0.004); this decrease was predominantly due to a decrease in SE deaths (Spearman's ρ −0.917, p < 0.001). In summary, our finding supports the hypothesis that the policy of early and aggressive treatment of SE may be improving the prognosis of this condition in England and Wales.
Anaesthetic efficacy of lidocaine/clonidine for inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Shadmehr E. , Aminozarbian M. G. , Akhavan A. , Mahdavian P. , Davoudi A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsThis prospective, randomized, double‐blind study aimed to compare the efficacy of lidocaine with epinephrine versus lidocaine with clonidine for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and hemodynamic stability (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyOne hundred patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molar teeth randomly received 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with clonidine (15 μg mL−1) or 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (12.5 μg mL−1), using a conventional IANB technique. Endodontic access cavities were prepared 15 min after solution deposition, and all patients were required to have profound lip numbness. Success was defined as no or mild pain (visual analog scale recording) upon endodontic access cavity preparation or initial canal instrumentation. The hemodynamic parameters were measured before, during and 5, 10 and 30 min after administration. Finally, the collected data were subjected to independent t‐test, chi‐square and Fisher's exact test using spss software ver.20 at a significant level of 0.05.ResultsThe success rates for IANB using lidocaine with epinephrine and lidocaine with clonidine solutions were 29% and 59%, respectively. The clonidine group exhibited a significantly higher success rate (P < 0.05). Five minutes after drug administration, systolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly increased in the lidocaine with epinephrine group and insignificantly decreased in lidocaine with clonidine group.ConclusionFor mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis, addition of clonidine to lidocaine improved the success rate of IANB compared to a standard lidocaine/epinephrine solution.
Starting where I am: a grounded theory exploration of mindfulness as a facilitator of transition in living with a long‐term condition
Authors: Long Jaqui , Briggs Michelle , Long Andrew , Astin Felicity 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo explore how practising mindfulness affects people's experiences of living with a long‐term condition.BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggest that mindfulness meditation‐based interventions benefit people with long‐term conditions, particularly in terms of psychological well‐being. Most evidence, however, relates to short‐term outcomes and limited information exists about how people use mindfulness in the longer term and how this affects their experience of living with their condition.DesignA qualitative study using constructivist‐informed grounded theory.MethodsUsing interviews, diaries and focus groups, data were collected between 2011 ‐ 2012 from participants and/or trainers of Breathworks’ mindfulness intervention. Phased recruitment enabled theoretical sampling, with data analysed concurrently using Charmaz's two‐stage coding strategy.FindingsThe final sample comprised 41 adults with diverse physical and/or mental health conditions. Participants reported predominantly positive experiences, almost all identifying significant changes in thinking and behaviour. A core process of ‘Starting where I am’ was formulated, highlighting how people became more aware and accepting of their condition and thus able to self‐care more effectively. The process was encapsulated in five themes: Getting a new perspective; Feeling equipped to cope; Doing life differently; Seeing a change; and Finding mindfulness difficult. Strong resonances were identified between participants’ experiences and the process of transition through which people come to terms with challenging life events.ConclusionMindfulness can be conceptualized as a facilitator of transition, enabling people to adapt to living with a long‐term condition. Transition is associated with improved, self‐directed self‐management, which is significant to both people with long‐term conditions and healthcare providers.
Exploring nursing expertise in residential care for older people: a mixed method study
Authors: Phelan Amanda , McCormack Brendan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsTo explore the expertise of Registered Nurses in residential care for older people.BackgroundAs older people in residential care have many complex dependencies, nursing expertise is an essential component of care excellence. However, the work of these nurses can be invisible and, therefore, unrecognized. Thus, additional attention is required to illuminate such nursing expertise.DesignA mixed method design was used in this study.MethodsThe research took place in 2012 in the Republic of Ireland. Twenty‐three case study nurses were recruited from nursing homes. Each case study nurse involved five data collection methods: shadowing, interview with a colleague, interview with a resident, a demographic profile and a director of nursing survey. The study was also informed by a modified focus group. Qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis using a conceptual framework generated from the literature on nursing expertise. Quantitative data were analysed usingSPSSand presented in descriptive statistics.FindingsThe findings from the case studies and the modified focus group are presented in seven themes, which represent nursing expertise in residential care of older people: transitions, context of the nursing home, saliency, holistic practice knowledge, knowing the resident, moral agency and skilled know how.ConclusionNursing expertise in residential care of older people is a complex phenomenon which encompasses many aspects of care delivery in a person‐centred framework. By rendering this expertise visible, the need for appropriate and adequate skill mix for a growing residential care population is presented.
Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 1. Gene expression, selection and pleiotropy
Authors: Dunning L. T. , Hipperson H. , Baker W. J. , Butlin R. K. , Devaux C. , Hutton I. , Igea J. , Papadopulos A. S. T. , Quan X. , Smadja C. M. , Turnbull C. G. N. , Savolainen V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEcological speciation requires divergent selection, reproductive isolation and a genetic mechanism to link the two. We examined the role of gene expression and coding sequence evolution in this process using two species ofHoweapalms that have diverged sympatrically on Lord Howe Island, Australia. These palms are associated with distinct soil types and have displaced flowering times, representing an ideal candidate for ecological speciation. We generated large amounts of RNA‐Seq data from multiple individuals and tissue types collected on the island from each of the two species. We found that differentially expressed loci as well as those with divergent coding sequences betweenHoweaspecies were associated with known ecological and phenotypic differences, including response to salinity, drought, pH and flowering time. From these loci, we identified potential ‘ecological speciation genes’ and further validate their effect on flowering time by knocking out orthologous loci in a model plant species. Finally, we put forward six plausible ecological speciation loci, providing support for the hypothesis that pleiotropy could help to overcome the antagonism between selection and recombination during speciation with gene flow.
Adaptive divergence in embryonic thermal plasticity among Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Côte J. , Roussel J.‐M. , Le Cam S. , Guillaume F. , Evanno G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the context of global changes, the long‐term viability of populations of endangered ectotherms may depend on their adaptive potential and ability to cope with temperature variations. We measured responses of Atlantic salmon embryos from four populations to temperature variations and used a QST–FST approach to study the adaptive divergence among these populations. Embryos were reared under two experimental conditions: a low temperature regime at 4 °C until eyed‐stage and 10 °C until the end of embryonic development and a high temperature regime with a constant temperature of 10 °C throughout embryonic development. Significant variations among populations and population × temperature interactions were observed for embryo survival, incubation time and length. QST was higher than FST in all but one comparison suggesting an important effect of divergent selection. QST was also higher under the high‐temperature treatment than at low temperature for length and survival due to a higher variance among populations under the stressful warmer treatment. Interestingly, heritability was lower for survival under high temperature in relation to a lower additive genetic variance under that treatment. Overall, these results reveal an adaptive divergence in thermal plasticity in embryonic life stages of Atlantic salmon suggesting that salmon populations may differentially respond to temperature variations induced by climate change. These results also suggest that changes in temperature may alter not only the adaptive potential of natural populations but also the selection regimes among them.
Misoprostol versus ergometrine‐oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tan Jing , Cao Qiao , He Guo‐lin , Cai Yu‐han , Yu Jia‐jie , Sun Xin , Li You‐ping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of misoprostol versus ergometrine‐oxytocin for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) prevention, and provide important evidence to choose optimal agents for preventing PPH in developing countries.MethodsThe Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMbase, and ClinicalTrails.gov were searched from inception to 1st January 2016. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias of studies according to Cochrane Handbook5.1.0. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan5.2.4 software.ResultsA total of 4034 women from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta‐analyses showed that the PPH rate (7.6% vs. 4.2%, RR = 1.81, 95%CI (1.40, 2.35), P < 0.01), and the additional uterotonic therapy (19.2% vs. 10.5%, RR = 1.83, 95%CI (1.57, 2.14), P < 0.01) for misoprostol group were significantly higher than ergometrine‐oxytocin group, respectively. But there was no significant difference of severe PPH rate between two groups (1.2% vs. 0.76%, RR = 1.55, 95%CI (0.78, 3.07), P = 0.21). The need for manual removal of placenta in misoprostol was only about one‐third of ergometrine‐oxytocin (0.5% vs. 1.4%, RR = 0.33, 95%CI (0.15, 0.76), P < 0.01).ConclusionsMisoprostol can be used in the third stage of labor for preventing PPH where sterilized syringe and trained midwife were absent, and ergoetrine‐oxytocin could be deemed as alternative agent in low‐resource setting due to recognized effect. As a result of limited evidence about these uterotonic agents, the more high‐quality RCTs are needed to determine the potentials and harms of various uterotonic agents for preventing PPH in developing countries.
Physical, psychosocial, and social health of men who identify as bears: a systematic review
Authors: Quidley‐Rodriguez Narciso , De Santis Joseph P 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThis article examines the existing qualitative and quantitative research on physical, psychosocial and social health of men who identify as Bears, a subcultural group in the gay community.BackgroundDuring the 1980s, one of the first Bear communities emerged in San Francisco. Using the United States as an example, other Bear communities were created throughout the world. Today, Bear‐related organizations and events are found globally.MethodsA systematic review was conducted exploring the health of men who identify as Bears.DesignTo identify articles addressing the health outcomes of men who identify as Bears, the researcher systematically reviewed articles indexed through CINAHL, PsycINFO, Humanities International Index, Cochrane Library, Medline, and LGBT Life.ResultsThe major findings across the 11 articles were systematically grouped into physical, psychosocial, and social health categories. Men identifying as Bears were more likely to have a higher body mass index, engage in risky sexual behaviours and have a lower self‐esteem.ConclusionsFuture implications for research and practice regarding the health of men who identify as Bears are addressed.Relevance to clinical practiceMen who identify as Bears have unique health care needs and respond to health care providers who are sensitive towards their needs. Health care providers should understand and acknowledge the unique health needs of men who identify as Bears to better care for these men.
Dietary methionine requirement of Jing Brown layer hens from 9 to 17 weeks of age
Authors: Meng G. H. , Song D. , Li L. B. , Yang C. J. , Qu Z. X. , Gao Y. P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary methionine (Met) supplementation in growth performance and reproductive performance of Jing Brown layer hens. A total of 375 9‐week‐old Jing Brown layer hens were allocated equally to five treatments consisting of 5 replicates with 15 hens. Hens were fed with a diet of corn and soya bean meal supplemented with 0.23%, 0.27%, 0.31%, 0.35% and 0.39% Met respectively. Different Met levels did not significantly affect average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p > 0.05), whereas flock uniformity (FU) and jejunum index were significantly different (p < 0.05), and the largest FU was observed in 0.31% Met. Dietary supplementation of Met significantly affected reproductive system development (p < 0.05), and 0.27–0.31% Met obtained optimal reproductive system development. Different Met levels significantly affected serum uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, the relatively higher reproductive hormones in serum were observed in 0.27% Met. Analysis of quadratic curve estimation of flock uniformity, the total number of follicles, the primary follicles and the secondary follicles showed that the optimal Met levels were 0.293%, 0.286%, 0.286% and 0.288%, which could be averaged to 0.288%. These results suggested that the optimal Met requirement for Jing Brown layer hens from 9 to 17 weeks old is 0.29%.
Winter is coming: nightmares and sleep problems during seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Sandman Nils , Merikanto Ilona , Määttänen Hanna , Valli Katja , Kronholm Erkki , Laatikainen Tiina , Partonen Timo , Paunio Tiina 
Published: May 2016

SummarySleep problems, especially nightmares and insomnia, often accompany depression. This study investigated how nightmares, symptoms of insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration associate with seasonal affective disorder, a special form of depression. Additionally, it was noted how latitude, a proxy for photoperiod, and characteristics of the place of residence affect the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder and sleep problems. To study these questions, data from FINRISK 2012 study were used. FINRISK 2012 consists of a random population sample of Finnish adults aged 25–74 years (n = 4905) collected during winter from Finnish urban and rural areas spanning the latitudes of 60°N to 66°N. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of seasonal affective disorder. Participants with symptoms of seasonal affective disorder had significantly increased odds of experiencing frequent nightmares and symptoms of insomnia, and they were more often evening chronotypes. Associations between latitude, population size and urbanicity with seasonal affective disorder symptoms and sleep disturbances were generally not significant, although participants living in areas bordering urban centres had less sleep problems than participants from other regions. These data show that the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder was not affected by latitude.
A study of the observed shift in the peak position of olivine Raman spectra as a result of shock induced by hypervelocity impacts
Authors: Harriss Kathryn H. , Burchell M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKuebler et al. (2006) identified variations in olivine Raman spectra based on the composition of individual olivine grains, leading to identification of olivine composition from Raman spectra alone. However, shock on a crystal lattice has since been shown to result in a structural change to the original material, which produces a shift in the Raman spectra of olivine grains compared with the original unshocked olivine (Foster et al. 2013). This suggests that the use of the compositional calculations from the Raman spectra, reported in Kuebler et al. (2006), may provide an incorrect compositional value for material that has experienced shock. Here, we have investigated the effect of impact speed (and hence peak shock pressure) on the shift in the Raman spectra for San Carlos olivine (Fo91) impacting Al foil. Powdered San Carlos olivine (grain size 1–10 μm) was fired at a range of impact speeds from 0.6 to 6.1 km s−1 (peak shock pressures 5–86 GPa) at Al foil to simulate capture over a wide range of peak shock pressures. A permanent change in the Raman spectra was found to be observed only for impact speeds greater than ~5 km s−1. The process that causes the shift is most likely linked to an increase in the peak pressure produced by the impact, but only after a minimum shock pressure associated with the speed at which the effect is first observed (here 65–86 GPa). At speeds around 6 km s−1 (peak shock pressures ~86 GPa), the shift in Raman peak positions is in a similar direction (red shift) to that observed by Foster et al. (2013) but of twice the magnitude.
Indications of underdiagnosis of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a cohort referred to the Coagulation Unit in Malmo, Sweden, for analysis of ADAMTS13 2007–2012
Authors: Åkesson Alexander , Blom Anna M , Klintman Jenny , Zetterberg Eva 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimComplement‐mediated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease with high mortality and morbidity if left untreated. The diagnostic work‐up is complicated and the manifestations overlap with other conditions. Therefore, we hypothesize that complement‐mediated aHUS is an under diagnosed disease.MethodsA cohort of 768 referrals referred to the Coagulation Unit in Malmo, Sweden, for analysis of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), 2007–2012, were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were included on the basis of presence of haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, renal failure and ADAMTS13 > 0.05. They were excluded if tested positive for Escherichia coli. Included subjects were categorized as “suspected HUS” with and without potential causes and triggers. Levels of C3 and C4, presence of complement factor H (CFH)‐specific antibodies and associated deficiency in complement factor H related protein 1 (CFHR1) were analyzed on frozen samples.ResultsIn total, 134/316 (42%) unique subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria; 103 were categorized as “suspected HUS associated with potential causes/triggers” and 31 subjects categorized as “suspected HUS” without such association. One case of complement‐mediated aHUS had been confirmed during the treatment period. Laboratory analyses performed showed that in total 78 cases had findings consistent with complement‐mediated aHUS: 24 cases indicated presence of CFH‐specific antibodies whereof five cases had isolated low C3 titres and six cases had deficiency of CFHR1. Additionally 54 cases indicated isolated alternative pathway consumption.ConclusionThe results suggest that the presence of complement‐mediated aHUS was under diagnosed in this cohort calling for improvement of diagnostic availability.
Effects of Inulin Supplementation in Low‐ or High‐Fat Diets on Reproductive Performance of Sows and Antioxidant Defence Capacity in Sows and Offspring
Authors: Wang YS , Zhou P , Liu H , Li S , Zhao Y , Deng K , Cao DD , Che LQ , Fang ZF , Xu SY , Lin Y , Feng B , Li J , Wu D 
Published: May 2016

ContentsThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inulin supplementation in low‐ or high‐fat diets on both the reproductive performance of sow and the antioxidant defence capacity in sows and offspring. Sixty Landrace × Yorkshire sows were randomly allocated to four treatments with low‐fat diet (L), low‐fat diet containing 1.5% inulin (LI), high‐fat diet (H) and high‐fat diet containing 1.5% inulin (HI). Inulin‐rich diets lowered the within‐litter birth weight coefficient of variation (CV, p = 0.05) of piglets, increased the proportion of piglets weighing 1.0–1.5 kg at farrowing (p < 0.01), reduced the loss of body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) during lactation (p < 0.05) and decreased the duration of farrowing as well as improved sow constipation (p < 0.05). Sows fed fat‐rich diets gained more BW during gestation (p < 0.01), farrowed a greater number of total (+1.65 pigs, p < 0.05) and alive (+1.52 pigs p < 0.05) piglets and had a heavier (+2.06 kg, p < 0.05) litter weight at birth as well as a decreased weaning‐to‐oestrous interval (WEI, p < 0.01) compared with sows fed low‐fat diets. However, it is worth noting that the H diet significantly decreased the serum activities of superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and increased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in sows and piglets (p < 0.05). In contrast, HI diet enhanced the activities of T‐SOD and GSH‐Px and decreased the serum MDA concentrations (p < 0.05) in sows and piglets. In summary, the fat‐rich diets fed to sows during gestation had beneficial effects on reproductive performance, but aggravated the oxidative stress in sow and piglets. Inulin‐rich diets fed to sow during gestation had beneficial effects on within‐litter uniformity of piglet birthweight and enhanced the antioxidant defence capacity of sows and piglets.