bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international survey and modified Delphi process revealed editors’ perceptions, training needs, and ratings of competency-related statements for the development of core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals
Authors: Galipeau James , Cobey Kelly D. , Barbour Virginia , Baskin Patricia , Bell-Syer Sally , Deeks Jonathan , Garner Paul , Shamseer Larissa , Sharon Straus , Tugwell Peter , Winker Margaret , Moher David 
Published: September 2017

Background: Scientific editors (i.e., those who make decisions on the content and policies of a journal) have a central role in the editorial process at biomedical journals. However, very little is known about the training needs of these editors or what competencies are required to perform effectively in this role. Methods: We conducted a survey of perceptions and training needs among scientific editors from major editorial organizations around the world, followed by a modified Delphi process in which we invited the same scientific editors to rate the importance of competency-related statements obtained from a previous scoping review. Results: A total of 148 participants completed the survey of perceptions and training needs. At least 80% of participants agreed on six of the 38 skill and expertise-related statements presented to them as being important or very important to their role as scientific editors. At least 80% agreed on three of the 38 statements as necessary skills they perceived themselves as possessing (well or very well). The top five items on participants’ list of top training needs were training in statistics, research methods, publication ethics, recruiting and dealing with peer reviewers, and indexing of journals. The three rounds of the Delphi were completed by 83, 83, and 73 participants, respectively, which ultimately produced a list of 23 “highly rated” competency-related statements and another 86 “included” items. Conclusion: Both the survey and the modified Delphi process will be critical for understanding knowledge and training gaps among scientific editors when designing curriculum around core competencies in the future.
Improving adherence in adolescents with asthma
Authors: McMurray Ann 
Published: September 2017

Ensuring adherence to asthma medication among adolescents requires an individualistic approach different to that applied to either children or adults. Ann McMurray outlines the best strategies for ensuring a successful outcome when dealing with teenagers The World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) describes adolescence as the period of time between ages 10 and 19. During this time period many changes occur which are entirely normal but are often viewed as challenging by parents and health professionals. Complicating this already difficult time with a long-term chronic condition such as asthma can often seem overwhelming for the young person and requires a skilful approach to management, which is specific to adolescents. Adherence to treatment in long-term conditions is estimated to be around 50% ( WHO, 2003 ), which in turn will give potential rise to an increase in asthma symptoms and an escalated risk of attacks. There is however a suggestion from Rand and Wise (1994) that adherence with inhaled steroids varies between 30% and 70%. Applying the same tactics to management as with children and adults will lead to missed opportunities to engage and promote health and wellbeing. Throughout this article we will explore some of the ways adherence may be improved in adolescents.
The role of practice nurses in fracture prevention
Authors: Stephenson Sonya , Wakefield Virginia 
Published: September 2017

Sonya Stephenson and Virginia Wakefield explain the importance of fracture prevention, looking at the work of fracture liaison services and outlining the vital part that practice nurses can play in identifying and preventing fractures due to osteoporosis This article explores the role of the practice nurse in preventing fragility fractures occurring as a result of osteoporosis. It focuses on the nurse's role in the identification of fragility fractures by screening patients using a good understanding of risk factors for osteoporosis. The article discusses the challenging identification of vertebral fractures in particular, which often present in primary care, but which are often not picked up without the knowledge of when to assess for osteoporosis. The article demonstrates the key role that practice nurses can play in fracture prevention, in partnership with local fracture liaison and osteoporosis services.
Barriers between offenders and primary health care after release from prison: a case study
Authors: Carswell Claire , Noble Helen , Farrow David 
Published: September 2017

A lack of support is just one of the problems facing former prisoners when it comes to obtaining primary health care after release. Claire Carswell and colleagues use one specific case study to highlight the many general difficulties that threaten former inmates' wellbeing Post-release prisoners in the United Kingdom experience health inequalities, poor continuity of care during the transition from prison to the community, and high morbidity and mortality rates. Primary health care is a necessary support for post-release prisoners, yet they face barriers when trying to access statutory services. This case study presents a post-release prisoner's experience of accessing primary health care services. The main issues that affected continuity of care included a short supply of medication on release from prison, long waiting times for appointments, and poor relationships between criminal justice agencies and local primary care practices.
Escuela y alumnado: (Des)encuentros en la relación con el saber
Authors: Vercellino Soledad , Tarruella Nora Liliana , Van den Heuvel Romina Alejandra , Andrade Rocío Belén , Guerreiro Mariana Andrea , Irigoyen Cristina , Cardinale Lidia Mónica 
Published: September 2017

The following article presents some preliminary results of a study conducted under the research project “The constitution of the relation with knowledge in students of the last cycle of primary education and the first one of secondary level” (National University of Comahue, Department of Psychopedagogy, 2015), implemented by the Department of Psychopedagogy at the Regional Center Atlantic Area, National University of Comahue, Argentina. In continuity with studies of human sciences that address the relation with knowledge of the subjects, and following Charlot’s (2008) theoretical contributions, this study aimed to analyze the secondary processes of establishing the relation of students with knowledge, focusing on students who culminate the primary education and start secondary level in public schools in Rio Negro Province. Identifying and problematizing specifically the meanings these students give to school knowledge, and more generally, to school and their past and future trajectories in it. The research methodology was qualitative, hermeneutical and interpretative. We implemented a psycho-pedagogical accompanying workshop; it consisted in various meetings carried out during school hours, each one organized around a particular problem and linked to a production activity- sought, to recover the students’ discourse. On the basis of written, oral, graphic and dramatic productions, we researched the objects of knowledge, the activities the students mastered, and the relational forms acquired. As a result, we found that students reported different figures of learning (Charlot, 2008),giving special relevance to the ways of relating. In turn, from school, the apprehension of knowledge is emphasized but as knowledge-relational object. Regarding the know-writing, writing follows different rules to those proposed at school that we might call standard. Finally, when you refer to the places where they learn, even though they mention different spaces to school and family, these two spaces continue to be privileged sites and institutions for learning.
Poblaciones indígenas de Costa Rica y su acceso a la educación superior. División de Educación Rural: Una alternativa de formación
Authors: Carvajal-Jiménez Vivian , Cubillo-Jiménez Kenneth Alfredo , Vargas-Morales Marielos 
Published: September 2017

The following text describes the historical and operational evolution of inclusive actions in education directed towards indigenous populations in Costa Rica, one of the most vulnerable and discriminated groups in the country. This article specifically underlines how the national higher education and laws have evolved toward acknowledging the inalienable rights of these ancient peoples. The work done by the Universidad Nacional [National University of Costa Rica], specifically by the Rural Education Division (DER, in Spanish), stands out with roving degree courses and trainers of teachers for the General Basic Education being offered in the rural and indigenous contexts where students live. Part of the analysis includes a review of the barriers for accessing the university environment, as well as the role of public universities in democratizing higher education. The conclusion is that Costa Rica has made significant progress in the fields of law, administration, and pedagogy regarding access to education for the indigenous peoples; notwithstanding, these shall not be deemed as concluded achievements concerning the rights of the original peoples as there is a long way to go yet for asserting an equitable offering for them.
SOLUCIONES LOCALES Y GLOBALES EN UNA ECUACIÓN PARABÓLICA SEMILINEAL
Authors: Moya Lazáro Nancy , Pariona Vilca Félix , Castañeda Yaya Carlos , Mendoza Solís Jacinto , Núñez Ramírez Luis Miguel 
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo presentamos el estudio de la existencia local, existencia global y la solución de un problema parabólico semilineal. El estudio lo hacemos específicamente, estudiando la ecuación del calor con condiciones de borde Dirichlet en un dominio abierto, acotado, de frontera regular. Abordamos el estudio de la solución local y global, presentamos estimaciones de la solución en espacios finos: que con una hipótesis sobre la no-linealidad, en principio con una condición de signo y luego una condición sobre la derivada, nos permite concluir que existe solución global del problema
MEDIDAS DE INFLUENCIA QUE SE BASAN EN LA CURVA DE INFLUENCIA
Authors: Ponce Aruneri Maria Estela 
Published: September 2017

Barret y Ling en 1992, presentaron las medidas multivariadas que se basan en la curva de influencia y a las que denominaron medidas de la clase JItr [1] . En este artículo presentaremos tres de estas medidas: Distancia de Cook, DFFITS y Distancia de Welsch [2], las que permiten detectar conjuntos de observaciones influyentes en las estimaciones de los parámetros, variables de respuestas y matriz de covarianzas de los residuos del modelo de regresión lineal multivariado. Mostramos una aplicación en base a los datos de la Encuesta de Seguimiento del Consumo de Hogares (ENSECO 91) [6].
UN MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA DEMOSTRAR EL TEOREMA DEL LÍMITE CENTRAL
Authors: Domínguez Cirilo Wilfredo Eugenio 
Published: September 2017

Presentamos una demostración alternativa del Teorema del Límite Central basado en la Regla de L'Hospital de la teoría de los límites indeterminados. El método tradicional de prueba es suponer que la variable aleatoria X con distribución cualesquiera ƒ(x) posee función generatriz de momentos mx (t) y que a demás tiene media µ y varianza σ2 ambas finitas. La demostración de este teorema es fundamental tanto en la estadística matemática, como en la aplicada.
ESTRUCTURA LOCAL DE LOS PUNTOS DE TANGENCIA DEL TRANSFORMADO ESTRICTO DE UNA FOLIACIÓN POR CURVAS EN DIMENSIÓN 3
Authors: Benazic Tomé Renato Mario 
Published: September 2017

En el presente trabajo, considerar campos vectoriales holomorfos de dimensión compleja 3 definidos en una vecindad del origen tales que 0 ∈ C3 es una singularidad aislada del tipo dicrítico y después de una explosión, su transformado estricto no presenta singularidades en el divisor. En estas condiciones, probaremos que en una vecindad de los puntos de tangencia, la foliación transformada estricta admite una forma normal.
Representaciones sociales de la corrupción y la violencia y su relación con la reflexión socio moral en jóvenes de zonas urbanas y rurales de diversas regiones del Perú
Authors: Arenas Iparraguirre Carlos , Matalinares C. María , Montero L. Victor , Malvaceda E. Eli , Rivera P. Israel , Sánchez Y. Elsa 
Published: September 2017

La investigación identificó las representaciones sociales sobre la corrupción y la violencia y su relación con los niveles de reflexión socio-moral de los jóvenes de procedencia urbana y rural del país. Se evaluó a 268 jóvenes de zonas urbanas y rurales, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 18 y 25 años, se desarrolló grupos focales a fin de identificar las representaciones sociales de la corrupción y la violencia y se aplicó el cuestionario de reflexión socio-moral propuesto Gibbs, Arnold y Morgan y adaptado por Grimaldo (2002). No se halló relación significativa entre la reflexión socio-moral y la representación social de la corrupción y la violencia. Existe un desarrollo moral mayormente ubicado en la concordia interpersonal, aunque un tercio de la población se ubica en una orientación instrumental relativista y el nivel de desarrollo moral alcanzado por los jóvenes corresponde al convencional y preconvencional. Los niveles de reflexión socio-moral en Pucallpa se ubicaría en el Estadio 2 (orientación instrumental relativista) mientras que el resto de regiones evaluadas el Estadio 3 (orientación hacia la concordia interpersonal) sería el predominante. La corrupción sería una práctica social de adaptación que permite la orientación a la concordia interpersonal, en muchos casos se tiene una visión pesimista sobre la posibilidad de eliminarlas. La representación social de la violencia tendría relación directa con los actos de corrupción, en el sentido de dar mayor valor al beneficio individual e inmediato que al bienestar social o colectivo.
Editorial
Authors: Orellana Manrique Oswaldo 
Published: September 2017

Terminamos el año 2012 con intensa actividad en la Facultad de Psicología. Lo más importante fue el inicio de la construcción de la Clínica Docente de Psicolo-gía, única en su género en el Perú; anhelo de muchas generaciones sanmarquinas; hecho realidad gracias a la gestión de la Dra. Lupe García Ampudia, quien desde la década anterior inicia los grandes proyectos para reorientar la formación de psicólogos en San Marcos. En efecto, primero fue conseguir un espacio en la Ciudad Universitaria para la construcción del pabellón de Psicología, logrado en el año 2005, concretado con un lugar en el catastro de la Ciudad Universitaria, dentro del área de Lima Cercado, colindante con la Provincia Constitucional del Callao. Aquí un poco de historia reciente, fue en el año 2000 que se consigue la asignación del terreno en el sector noreste de la Ciudad Universitaria, entre los pabellones de Medicina Tropical, Facultades de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Odon-tología, con ingreso en la cuadra 53 de la avenida Colonial. Paso siguiente fue la construcción del pabellón de Psicología, en dos etapas (2003-2005), inaugurado cuando Psicología cumplió 50 de creación en San Marcos, en el Perú; el 30 de marzo, con asistencia del entonces ministro de Educación, arquitecto Javier Sota Nadal.
Orbitakompartment-szindróma. Arcot ért trauma következtében leggyakrabban vakságot okozó állapot
Authors: Klenk Gusztáv , Katona József , Kenderfi Gábor , Lestyán János , Gombos Katalin , Hirschberg Andor 
Published: September 2017

Abstract: Introduction: Although orbital compartment syndrome is a rare condition, it is still the most common cause of blindness following simple or complicated facial fractures. Its pathomechanism is similar to the compartment syndrome in the limb. Little extra fluid (blood, oedema, brain, foreign body) in a non-space yielding space results with increasingly higher pressures within a short period of time. Unless urgent surgical intervention is performed the blocked circulation of the central retinal artery will result irreversible ophthalmic nerve damage and blindness. Aim, material and method: A retrospective analysis of ten years, 2007–2017, in our hospital among those patients referred to us with facial-head trauma combined with blindness. Results: 571 patients had fractures involving the orbit. 23 patients become blind from different reasons. The most common cause was orbital compartment syndrome in 17 patients; all had retrobulbar haematomas as well. 6 patients with retrobulbar haematoma did not develop compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome was found among patient with extensive and minimal fractures such as with large and minimal haematomas. Early lateral canthotomy and decompression saved 7 patients from blindness. Conclusion: We can not predict and do not know why some patients develop orbital compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome seems independent from fracture mechanism, comminution, dislocation, amount of orbital bleeding. All patients are in potential risk with midface fractures. We have a high suspicion that orbital compartment syndrome has been somehow missed out in the recommended textbooks of our medical universities and in the postgraduate trainings. Thus compartment syndrome is not recognized. Teaching, training and early surgical decompression is the only solution to save the blind eye. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(36): 1410–1420.
Peptic ulcers: causes, prevention, perforation and treatment
Authors: Karimzadeh Toosi Ali Erfani 
Published: September 2017

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a sore on the lining of stomach or duodenum. In some cases, a peptic ulcer may develop just above stomach in esophagus, i.e. esophageal ulcer. Peptic ulcer has always been the most common etiology underlying upper gastrointestinal perforation, while gastric perforation represents 10-15% of all peptic ulcers. Alternation in balance between aggressive and protective factors at the luminal surface of the epithelial cells, leads to development of peptic ulcer. Aggressive factors include Helicobacter pylori, hydrochloric acid, pepsins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bile acids, ischemia, hypoxia, smoking and alcohol. On the other hands, bicarbonate, mucus layer, mucosal blood flow, prostaglandins (PGs) and growth factors are the most known defensive factors. The shared symptoms include a dull or burning pain in middle or upper stomach between meals or at night, bloating, heartburn, nausea and vomiting are among the most common symptom of peptic ulcer. Some other symptoms in severe cases are dark or black stool (due to bleeding), vomiting blood, weight loss and pain in the mid to upper abdomen. An ulcer may or may not have all or some of the symptoms. In general, ulcers are best diagnosed by instrumental procedures depending on the case and the available facilities in the centre. The most reliable tests include, I) sophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), a thin tube with a camera inserted through the mouth into GIT. A biopsy is also taken during an EGD to be examined for H. pylori, II), X-ray for the upper GIT taken after drinking a thick barium salt, III) blood test to check if there is anemia and IV) detection of blood in the stool. Perforation is the major complication of PUD and the perforated peptic ulcer needs the use of surgical intervention. About 80% of the indications for peptic ulcer surgery are related to perforate peptic ulcers. Most cases are treated by simple suture of the perforated intestinal wall. In most cases, the best treatment is surgical or laparoscopic suture closure of the perforated ulcer. Natural products have found a special place in the treatment plans for peptic ulcer disease.Â They exhibit their antiulcerogenic activities by various mechanisms either prophylactic or therapeutic or both. The prophylactic products have considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. On the other hand, therapeutic agents possess antisecretory or healing effects. The anti-H.pylori activity of some plant extracts, however, may explain their antiulcerogenic activity.
Differences of medical evidence overview of sexual violence between girl and adult women examined at sanglah central public hospital
Authors: Suciari Erika , Alit Ida Bagus Putu , T Henky 
Published: September 2017

Background: There are differences of genital structure between girls and adult women in terms of anatomy and histology which it may affect medical evidence which is obtained during the verification. Â Objective: This study aimed at determining the differences of medical evidence of sexual violence that includes promiscuity signs and violence signs among victims of sexual violence who were examined at Sanglah Central Public Hospital. Methods: Cross sectional studies were conducted of 56 girls (<18 years) and 56 adult women (> 18 years) to collect data from visum et repertum (VER) 2011-2015 by consecutive sampling. Sexual violence cases were taken in this studies based on the request letters of VER from police investigators.Â Medical evidence variables in this study consisted of promiscuity sign (divided into genital wounds findings and positive sperm findings) and violence signs. Results: The finding of this study indicated that promiscuity sign in the form of genital wounds in girls were lower than adult women (44.6% vs 85.7%; P <0.05). Conversely, there was no significant difference of the finding associated with sperm positive findings among girls and women (7.1% vs 17.9%; P> 0.05). Violence signs in women were more than girls (39.3% vs 17.9%; P <0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded, from 2 types of medical evidences of sexual violence found significant differences associated with promiscuity sign in the form genital wounds and violence signs among girls and adult women.
Cacao beans extract (Theobroma cacao L.) improve lipid profile but had no effect on blood nox concentration in dyslipidemia white male rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Wiryanthini IA Dewi , Sutadarma IWG , Yuliana Dr. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Dyslipidemia is a disorderÂ of lipoprotein metabolism, including overproduction of total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride and deficiency High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), which cause decreased level of antioxidant enzyme and lead to oxidative stress, marked with increased of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress decreases blood nitrate and nitrite (NOx) which are the metabolites of nitric oxide (NO). Cacao beans extract rich in flavanols antioxidants such as catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidin. Objective: The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of cacao beans extract (Theobroma cacaoÂ L) to blood profile lipid and NOx of dyslipidemia white rat (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This experiment was a pretest-posttest control group design. Rats divided into four groups P0 control group only given high cholesterol food, P1 given 70 mg, P2 given 140 mg and P3 given 280 mg of cacao beans extract. Results: The administration of cacao beans extract significantly decreased (p=0,000) total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL in group P1, P2 and P3 and significantly (p=0,000) increased HDL, although not significantly increased NOx in P1, P2, and P3 (p=0,486). Conclusion: Cacao beans could inhibit oxidative stress showed significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and significantly increased HDL but not able increased blood NOx concentration in dyslipidemia white rat.