bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A learning progression should address regression: Insights from developing non‐linear reasoning in ecology
Authors: Hovardas Tasos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough ecological systems at varying scales involve non‐linear interactions, learners insist thinking in a linear fashion when they deal with ecological phenomena. The overall objective of the present contribution was to propose a hypothetical learning progression for developing non‐linear reasoning in prey–predator systems and to provide empirical evidence for one part of this progression. Pre‐service teachers followed three teaching units that involved a game simulation of the prey–predator system. Participants predicted how wolf and deer populations would evolve in a hypothetical forest, and then they used the simulation to generate data, construct a graph, describe their graph, and compare their predictions with graph description. A new learning context was introduced and new predictions were requested to investigate whether participants would transfer former learning experiences in the new setting. Analysis of learning products revealed the “messy” character of learners' intermediate steps. Some participants succeeded in identifying aspects of metamodeling knowledge, but this was not used in their new predictions. Graph description could either perpetuate or challenge linear heuristics depending on the strategy participants followed. There were a number of participants who misrepresented prey and predator population trends as “inversely proportional,” which indicated that there is a possibility of regression to the lower anchor. Linearity and proportionality might have re‐surfaced during the learning activity sequence and linear heuristics could have been so powerful as to distract learners' attention from axes labels. Learning products constructed by learners during learning activities included crucial benchmarks to diagnose learner performance and indicated proper timing for feedback provision. Overall, the implications of the study highlight the importance of using learning products to enact formative assessment. Directions for future research are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1447–1470, 2016
Impacts of drought and responses of rural populations in West Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Gautier Denis , Denis David , Locatelli Bruno 
Published: June 2016

In West Africa, climate variations and droughts have always affected livelihoods but have also triggered adaptation strategies. A better understanding of the impacts of drought and the responses of West African populations is indispensable for researchers and decision makers in the current and future context of multiple socioeconomic and environmental changes, including climate change. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on drought in West Africa. In this paper, we highlight controversial issues and identify knowledge gaps. Although drought has been widely considered as a major problem in West Africa, there is a need to frame it within a set of multiple threats faced by local populations and to understand how droughts act as a trigger in economic, societal, and environmental contexts. The literature on responses to drought focuses on agricultural and individual responses, while diversification, migration, and tree‐based or livestock‐based responses are less frequently addressed. More research is needed on the effectiveness and on the unexpected effects of responses of populations, states, and NGOs, as well as on the interactions between different responses. To understand the complexity of impacts and responses, the context in which they occur and how individual and collective actions interact within households or communities needs to be taken into account. Ecosystems and agriculture offer many goods and services that are suitable for adaptation and the different landscape components should be analyzed together. Such historical, contextual, and integrated analyses would better inform new policies and projects for adaptation to climate change. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:666–681. doi: 10.1002/wcc.411This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Maternal AP determinants in the Drosophila oocyte and embryo
Authors: Ma Jun , He Feng , Xie Gengqiang , Deng Wu‐Min 
Published: June 2016

An animal embryo cannot initiate its journey of forming a new life on its own. It must rely on maternally provided resources and inputs to kick‐start its developmental process. In Drosophila, the initial polarities of the embryo along both the anterior–posterior (AP) and dorsal–ventral (DV) axes are also specified by maternal determinants. Over the past several decades, genetic and molecular studies have identified and characterized such determinants, as well as the zygotic genetic regulatory networks that control patterning in the early embryo. Extensive studies of oogenesis have also led to a detailed knowledge of the cellular and molecular interactions that control the formation of a mature egg. Despite these efforts, oogenesis and embryogenesis have been studied largely as separate problems, except for qualitative aspects with regard to maternal regulation of the asymmetric localization of maternal determinants. Can oogenesis and embryogenesis be viewed from a unified perspective at a quantitative level, and can that improve our understanding of how robust embryonic patterning is achieved? Here, we discuss the basic knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms controlling oogenesis and embryonic patterning along the AP axis. We explore properties of the maternal Bicoid gradient in relation to embryo size in search for a unified framework for robust AP patterning. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:562–581. doi: 10.1002/wdev.235This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Quantitative Methods and Models
Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
The Two‐Dimensional Anion [Sb6Se10]2–: Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of an Iron ­Selenidoantimonate(III) [Fe(phen)3]Sb6Se10
Authors: Shen Yali , Liu Yun , Liu Shuzhen , Sun Peipei , Tang Chunying , Han Jingyu , Jia Dingxian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe iron selenidoantimonate(III) [Fe(phen)3]Sb6Se10 (1) (phen = 1, 10‐phenanthroline) was prepared by reaction of Fe, Sb, Se, phen, and 1, 4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in MeOH and H2O mixed solvent under solvothermal conditions. 1 consists of a [Fe(phen)3]2+ cation and a two dimensional [Sb6Se10]2– anion. The [Sb6Se10]2– anion is constructed by SbSe3, SbSe4, and SbSe6 primary building blocks by corner‐ and edge‐sharing, resulting Sb4Se4, Sb5Se5, and Sb6Se6 heterorings and a semi‐cubic Sb4Se6 motif, which act as secondary building units. The octahedral SbSe6 primary unit and semi‐cubic Sb4Se6 motif make compound 1 quite different from the thioantimonates(III). Compound 1 exhibits steep bandgap (Eg) of 1.56 eV, indicating potential semiconducting property. The thermal stability of 1 was also investigated.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Pang Khang Wen , Tan Chun Han Nigel , Loh Stanley , Chang Kin Yong Stephen , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Madhavan Krishnakumar , Kow Wei Chieh Alfred 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholecystitis (AC) is an important cause of emergency admissions among the elderly. The use of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) as bridging therapy among high‐risk patients is widely accepted. However, the use of PC as definitive treatment is controversial.AimTo determine the characteristics, clinical outcomes and predictors of recurrence of AC among patients who underwent PC.MethodsA retrospective case series of 71 consecutive patients [73 (38–96) years, 43/71 males] treated with PC for AC at a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2013, with data collected from case records.ResultsPatients were followed up for 37.0 (0.1–110.8) months after PC. Mortality rate was 8.5 % (6/71) during the index admission and 32.4 % (23/71) at the end of follow‐up. Recurrence rate for AC was 11.9 % (7/59). Median time to recurrence was 62 (13–464) days. PC was definitive treatment in 33/59. Predictors of recurrence were higher serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at diagnosis (OR = 1.01, 95 % CI 1.00–1.02, p = 0.021) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during index admission (OR = 8.00, 95 % CI 1.19–54.0, p = 0.033). Fifteen patients (26.3 %, 15/71) had post‐procedural complications including dislodgement (14 %, 10/71), tube obstruction (7.0 %, 5/71), bile leaks (2.8 %, 2/71), gallbladder perforation (1.4 %, 1/71), bowels perforation (1.4 %, 1/71) and severe post‐procedural haemorrhage (1.4 %, 1/71).ConclusionPC is effective and relatively safe in high‐risk patients with AC. However, patients with higher ALP or AMI during index admission have higher risk of recurrence and might benefit from definitive cholecystectomy.
Nicotine inhibits activation of microglial proton currents via interactions with α7 acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Noda Mami , Kobayashi AI 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Alpha 7 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in microglia and are involved in the suppression of neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, many reports show beneficial effects of nicotine, though little is known about the mechanism. Here we show that nicotine inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proton (H+) currents and morphological change by using primary cultured microglia. The H+ channel currents were measured by whole-cell patch clamp method under voltage-clamp condition. Increased H+ current in activated microglia was attenuated by blocking NADPH oxidase. The inhibitory effect of nicotine was due to the activation of α7 nAChR, not a direct action on the H+ channels, because the effects of nicotine was cancelled by α7 nAChR antagonists. Neurotoxic effect of LPS-activated microglia due to inflammatory cytokines was also attenuated by pre-treatment of microglia with nicotine. These results suggest that α7 nAChRs in microglia may be a therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory diseases.
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth who report bully victimization, bully perpetration and/or low social connectedness
Authors: Arango Alejandra , Opperman Kiel J. , Gipson Polly Y. , King Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe current study examined characteristics of bullying involvement and social connectedness in relation to suicide ideation and attempts in a sample of youth who report bully victimization, bully perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. The sample was comprised of 321 youth (67% female), ages 12–15 years (M = 13.6), recruited from an emergency department in the Midwest region of the United States. Results indicated that lower levels of social connectedness and higher levels of bully victimization and perpetration were significantly associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Level of social connectedness did not moderate the relationship between bullying involvement and suicide risk. The associations between the severity of subtypes of bully victimization and perpetration (verbal, relational, physical), electronic bullying involvement, and suicide risk were examined. Results highlight a continuum in severity of bullying involvement and social connectedness associated with suicide risk. Implications of these results are discussed.
Antimicrobial Stewardship: The Role of Vascular Access Teams
Authors: Carrico Ruth , Wiemken Timothy 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Interventions that address the increasing threat of multidrug resistance are the responsibility of all health care disciplines. Vascular access teams ensure that vascular access needs are met, facilitating antimicrobial agent administration. Competent vascular access practice includes participation on interprofessional teams and provision of expert knowledge that enables medication administration and process monitoring.
A 10-Year Review of a Vascular Access Service for Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Analysis of Procedural Modifications and Service Innovations
Authors: Lancashire John F. , Steele Michael , Swinbank Amy , Toit Dianne Du , Jackson Mark J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjective: We aimed to identify trends in vascular access modalities for renal hemodialysis and to evaluate the influence of service modifications on service performance and patient outcomes.Methods: Retrospective analysis of incident and prevalent hemodialysis patients treated by the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia, between January 2004 and December 2013 was conducted. A comparison of patient demographic characteristics and analysis of trends in access modality and outcomes was performed for each group over the study period. Modifications to service structure and practice changes were also evaluated.Results: A total of 1787 patients (456 incident and 1331 prevalent) and 1671 procedures were examined. The proportion of patients starting hemodialysis on a catheter decreased from 79.2% to 63.6%. Patients starting hemodialysis on a fistula increased from 16.7% to a peak of 61.5% but fell to 27.3% in 2003. Catheter use in prevalent patients decreased from 11.7% to 6.1%, whilst fistula use increased from 60.6% to 88.5%. Graft access remained low for the incident group (0.0%–9.1%) and was reduced in prevalent patients from 27.7% to 4.9%. Bloodstream infection rates were reduced from 1.88 to 1.60 per 1000 dwelling-days. Endovascular and surgical revision of arteriovenous access was increased.Conclusions: Coordinated and multidisciplinary access service provided earlier referral for planned incident access with fewer catheters and increased fistulas with reduced bloodstream infection rates. Modifications to this vascular access service are associated with improved permanent access rates for incident and prevalent patients. There was an overall improvement of service performance and patient outcomes.
Global re‐wiring of p53 transcription regulation by the hepatitis B virus X protein
Authors: Chan Cheryl , Thurnherr Thomas , Wang Jingbo , Gallart-Palau Xavier , Sze Siu Kwan , Rozen Steve , Lee Caroline G. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe tumour suppressor p53 is a central player in transcription regulation and cell fate determination. By interacting with p53 and altering its sequence‐specific binding to the response elements, the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) was reported to re‐direct p53 regulation of some genes.ResultsCoupling massively parallel deep sequencing with p53 chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that HBx modulates global p53 site selection and that this was strongly influenced by altered interaction with transcription co‐factors/co‐regulators as well as post‐translational modifications. Specifically, HBx attenuated p53‐TBP‐RB1 transcription complex recruitment and interaction and this was associated with hyper‐phosphorylation of p53 at serine 315 by HBx. Concurrently, HBx enhanced p53 DNA occupancy to other response elements either alone by displacing specific transcription factors such as CEBPB and NFkB1, or in complex with distinct interacting co‐factors Sp1, JUN and E2F1. Importantly, re‐wiring of p53 transcription regulation by HBx was linked to the deregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and death, suggesting a role of HBx in errant cell fate determination mediated by altered p53 site selection of target genes.ConclusionsOur study thus presents first evidence of global modes of p53 transcription alteration by HBx and provides new insights to understand and potentially curtail the viral oncoprotein.
Effects of different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets on fermentation parameters, ruminal biohydrogenation and microbiota in Nellore feedlot steers
Authors: MESSANA J. D. , CARVALHO A. L. E. G. F. , RIBEIRO A. F. , FIORENTINI G. , CASTAGNINO P. S. , GRANJA-SALCEDO Y. T. , PIRES A. V. , BERCHIELLI T. T. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYModifying the extent of fatty acid (FA) biohydrogenation (BH) in the rumen through diet formulation is an effective strategy for changing the content of unsaturated FAs (USFAs) in meat. The present study investigated the effects of different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, ruminal BH, duodenal flow of FAs and rumen microbiota in Nellore steers. Intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in animals fed with maize silage (MS) than in those fed with sugar cane (SC) and sugar cane bagasse (SB). Higher digestibility of dry matter and NDF was found in animals fed with MS than in those fed with the other diets. In addition, higher crude protein digestibility was observed in animals fed with sugar cane bagasse than in those fed with SC. Non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility was higher in animals fed with sugar cane than in those fed with the other diets. Intake of total and individual FAs such as C18 : 1cis-9, C18 : 2, and C18 : 3 was similar between animals fed with MS and SB, but decreased in animals fed with SC. Diets containing MS and SB showed higher total digestibility of saturated FAs (SFAs) and USFAs, respectively and total FAs and ruminal BH of C18 : 1 and USFA. Intestinal digestibility of overall FAs did not differ among treatments, except for C18 : 3, which increased in animals fed with SC and SB. The profile of FAs in duodenal digesta and faecal outputs did not differ among treatments. However, the flow of NDF was higher in animals fed with SC than in those fed with MS and SB. Animals fed with SB showed higher values of pH than those fed with MS and SC. Animals fed with SC showed lower values of ammonia-nitrogen. Protozoan counts were only influenced by diet for species that belonged to the generaDasytrichaandIsotricha. Populations of fibrolytic bacteria (Ruminococus flavefaciens, Ruminococus albusandFibrobacter succinogenes) were similar among diets. Populations ofSelenomonas ruminantiumincreased 2·5 and 5 times in animals fed with MS when compared with those fed with SC and SB, respectively. The use of MS increased intake and digestibility of NDF, and the use of SC decreased ruminal BH of total USFA without changing the flow of FAs to the duodenum. Thus, different sources of forage in high-concentrate diets do not modify the duodenal flow of USFA or fibrolytic bacteria. This must be taken into account when formulating diets to modulate ruminal upsets without altering intake.
Knowledge and Security
Authors: Le Morvan Pierre 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe central aim of this paper is to revive and refine an idea inspired by Plato, and to show how it can be developed into a plausible contemporary theory on which factive knowledge is secure true belief. In so doing, I disentangle two Platonic (or at least inspired by Plato) ideas: that knowledge is secure true belief, and that knowledge is true belief secured by a logos. I defend the former but not the latter. My defence involves distinguishing between alethic and doxastic security, and arguing for understanding factive knowledge in terms of both.
Impacts of land use and infrastructural changes on threatened Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax breeding populations: quantitative assessments using a recently developed spatially explicit dynamic modelling framework
Authors: SANTOS MÁRIO , BESSA REGINA , CABRAL JOÃO ALEXANDRE , PACHECO FERNANDO ANTÓNIO LEAL , LEITÃO DOMINGOS , MOREIRA FRANCISCO , PINTO MÁRCIA , LECOQ MIGUEL , SILVA JOÃO PAULO 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWith the combination of worldwide landscape changes and the uncertainty about the impact on species abundance and distribution, the value of spatio-temporal modelling tools is increasingly obvious. The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax breeds on low-intensity arable cultivation and pastoral land and is currently threatened by diverse landscape modifications. The aim of this research was to predict Little Bustard population trends in the face of realistic scenarios of land use and infrastructure changes, applying a recently developed spatially explicit framework, based on the stochastic dynamic methodology (StDM). The application of this approach provided some basis to analyse the responses of breeding populations’ spatial distribution and abundance to the scenarios implemented. Since some of these scenarios represent local and/or regional risks to the viability of Little Bustard breeding populations, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework for landscape planning in the scope of the conservation of this threatened species. This approach also provides a promising baseline to support ecological risk assessments for other species, derived from ecological models with increased predictive power and intuitiveness to decision makers and environmental managers.
Guttiferone K impedes cell cycle re-entry of quiescent prostate cancer cells via stabilization of FBXW7 and subsequent c-MYC degradation
Authors: Xi Z , Yao M , Li Y , Xie C , Holst J , Liu T , Cai S , Lao Y , Tan H , Xu H-X , Dong Q 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCell cycle re-entry by quiescent cancer cells is an important mechanism for cancer progression. While high levels of c-MYC expression are sufficient for cell cycle re-entry, the modality to block c-MYC expression, and subsequent cell cycle re-entry, is limited. Using reversible quiescence rendered by serum withdrawal or contact inhibition in PTENnull/p53WT (LNCaP) or PTENnull/p53mut (PC-3) prostate cancer cells, we have identified a compound that is able to impede cell cycle re-entry through c-MYC. Guttiferone K (GUTK) blocked resumption of DNA synthesis and preserved the cell cycle phase characteristics of quiescent cells after release from the quiescence. In vehicle-treated cells, there was a rapid increase in c-MYC protein levels upon release from the quiescence. However, this increase was inhibited in the presence of GUTK with an associated acceleration in c-MYC protein degradation. The inhibitory effect of GUTK on cell cycle re-entry was significantly reduced in cells overexpressing c-MYC. The protein level of FBXW7, a subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for degradation of c-MYC, was reduced upon the release from the quiescence. In contrast, GUTK stabilized FBXW7 protein levels during release from the quiescence. The critical role of FBXW7 was confirmed using siRNA knockdown, which impaired the inhibitory effect of GUTK on c-MYC protein levels and cell cycle re-entry. Administration of GUTK, either in vitro prior to transplantation or in vivo, suppressed the growth of quiescent prostate cancer cell xenografts. Furthermore, elevation of FBXW7 protein levels and reduction of c-MYC protein levels were found in the xenografts of GUTK-treated compared with vehicle-treated mice. Hence, we have identified a compound that is capable of impeding cell cycle re-entry by quiescent PTENnull/p53WT and PTENnull/p53mut prostate cancer cells likely by promoting c-MYC protein degradation through stabilization of FBXW7. Its usage as a clinical modality to prevent prostate cancer progression should be further evaluated.