bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Legal Reforms about Unofficial Marriage
Authors: Hartanto Dwiyana Achmad 
Published: January 2018

The legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 perspective of national law reform are a progressive development of the law. The ruling granted part of the petition for judicial review of Article 2 (2) and Article 43 (1) of Law Number 1 in 1974 concerning Procurement of Articles 28B (1) and (2), and Article 28 D (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The review of Article 2 (2) of the Marriage Law is not granted because the Constitutional Court is of the opinion that marriage registration is not a marriage restriction, but an orderly form of administration. Material review Article 43 (1) of the Marriage Law is granted by the Constitutional Court so that the child is a legal child. The Constitutional Court's decision on the unofficial marriage has positive and negative implications. One of the positive implications is the recognition of the child's relationship status with his biological father as long as it can prove the relationship and have a negative impact because it creates a sense of calm for the offender unofficial marriage (nikah sirri) and increase the quantity. Akibat hukum putusan MK No.46/PUU-VIII/2010 perspektif pembaharuan hukum nasional merupakan pembangunan hukum progresif. Putusan tersebut mengabulkan sebagian permohonan pengujian materiil pasal 2 (2) dan pasal 43 (1) UUP terhadap pasal 28B (1) dan (2), serta pasal 28D (1) UUD NRI tahun 1945. Pengujian materiil pasal 2 (2) UUP tidak dikabulkan karena Mahkamah Konstitusi berpendapat pencatatan perkawinan bukan pembatasan perkawinan, melainkan bentuk tertib administrasi. Pengujian materiil pasal 43 (1) UUP dikabulkan MK, sehingga anak tersebut berstatus anak sah. Fenomena nikah sirri menurut penulis, putusan MK mempunyai implikasi positif dan negatif. Berdampak positif adanya pengakuan status hubungan anak dengan ayah biologisnya sepanjang dapat membuktikan hubungan tersebut dan berdampak negatif karena menimbulkan rasa tenang bagi pelaku nikah sirri dan bertambah kuantitasnya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.4691
Legal Protection Against Indonesian Umrah Jemaah
Authors: Maggalatung Salman 
Published: January 2018

Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra. Pelaksanaan Ibadah umrah di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Hal ini didorong dengan semakin baiknya kondisi perekonomian di Indonesia sehingga meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia untuk menjalankan ibadah Sunnah yang diyakininya. Oleh karena itu sudah menjadi kewajiban pemerintah memfasilitasi penyelenggaraan ibadah haji dan umrah agar pelaksanaannya menjadi baik dan tidak merugikan kepada calon jamaah Indonesia. Hal ini penting dikarenakan pada beberapa kasus banyak masalah yang terjadi dan merugikan baik moril maupun materil kepada jamaah. Untuk itu diperlukan perangkat hukum yang jelas dan pasti agar melindungi hak-hak jamaah sebagai konsumen penyelenggaraan ibadah haji dan umroh. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6582Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra. Implementation of Umra in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. It is caused by better condition of the economy in Indonesia so that raising the awareness of the Indonesian people to do the Sunnah that they believed. Therefore, it has become the obligation of the government to facilitate the implementation of Hajj and Umra to be good and not harm for Indonesian pilgrims. This is important because in some cases many problems occur and harm both morale and material to the Indonesian people. Therefore, clear and definite legal instrument are needed to protect the rights of pilgrims as consumers of Hajj and Umra.
A DNS-metiláció szerepe és megváltozása az öregedés és a daganatos betegségek kialakulása során
Authors: Szigeti Krisztina Andrea , Galamb Orsolya , Kalmár Alexandra , Barták Barbara Kinga , Nagy Zsófia Brigitta , Márkus Eszter , Igaz Péter , Tulassay Zsolt , Molnár Béla 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Besides the genetic research, increasing number of scientific studies focus on epigenetic phenomena – such as DNA methylation – regulating the expression of genes behind the phenotype, thus can be related to the pathomechanism of several diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the evolutionary appearance and functional diversity of DNA methylation as one of the epigenetic mechanisms and to demonstrate its role in aging and cancerous diseases. DNA methylation is also characteristic/also appear to prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. In prokaryotes and viruses, it provides defence mechanisms against extragenous DNA. DNA methylation in prokaryotes plays a significant role in the regulation of transcription, the initiation of replication and in Dam-directed mismatch repair. In viruses, it participates not only in defence mechanisms, but in the assembly of capsids as well which is necessary for spreading. In eukaryotes, DNA methylation is involved in recombination, replication, X chromosome inactivation, transposon control, regulation of chromatin structure and transcription, and it also contributes to the imprinting phenomenon. Besides the above-mentioned aspects, DNA methylation also has an evolutionary role as it can change DNA mutation rate. Global hypomethylation appearing during aging and in cancerous diseases can lead to genetic instablility and spontaneous mutations through its role in the regulation of transposable elements. Local hypermethylated alterations such as hypermethylation of SFRP1, SFRP2, DKK1 and APC gene promoters can cause protein expression changes, thus contribute to development of cancer phenotype. DNA methylation alterations during aging in cancerous diseases support the importance of epigenetic research focusing on disease diagnostics and prognostics. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(1): 3–15.
Bases científicas del pensamiento geológico de Benito Jerónimo Feijoo
Authors: García Cruz Cándido Manuel 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENBenito Jerónimo Feijoo, intelectual, erudito y ensayista de la Ilustración española durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, realizó una gran aportación en el campo de la ciencia geológica de los temas más controvertidos del momento a través de un análisis reflexivo y de su divulgación. Abarcó el origen de la Tierra bajo la autoridad de las Sagradas Escrituras frente a los torbellinos cartesianos; intuyó que el geomagnetismo procedía de la zona central del planeta; consideraba que los fósiles eran de naturaleza orgánica, negando al mismo tiempo la existencia de los gigantes; los terremotos y los volcanes se debían a fenómenos físico-químicos y eléctricos; defendía la existencia de las montañas antes del Diluvio y su lenta formación mediante el espíritu lapidífico; y era partidario de que los puentes intercontinentales habían sido el mecanismo para el poblamiento de América y la dispersión de los seres vivos. A pesar del enfoque racional en sus discusiones, siempre estuvo sujeto al dogma católico, y consideraba compatibles ambos puntos de vista. Sus fuentes de documentación fueron principalmente obras francesas y de otros autores escritas en latín.PALABRAS CLAVEFeijoo, fósiles, montañas, terremotos, volcanes, geomagnetismo, puentes intercontinentales. TITLEScientific foundations of the geological thought of Benito Jerónimo FeijooABSTRACTBenito Jerónimo Feijoo, an intellectual, polymath, and essayist of the Spanish Enlightenment during the first half of the 18th Century, made a major contribution in the field of geological science of the most controversial issues of his time by means of a thoughtful analysis and its spreading. He covered the origin of the Earth under the authority of Holy Scripture against the Cartesian vortices; was convinced that the geomagnetism came from the central zone of the planet; believed that fossils were organic in nature, denying at the same time the existence of the giant humans; earthquakes and volcanoes were due to physical-chemical and electrical phenomena; supported the existence of the mountains before the Flood and its slow formation as a result of the lapidific spirit; and was an advocate of the land bridges as a mechanism for both the human settlement of America and the dispersion of living beings. Despite the rational approach in his discussions, he was always subject to Catholic dogma, considering both as compatible points of view at all. Feijoo’s sources of documentation were mainly French authors and other sources written in Latin.KEY WORDSFeijoo, fossils, mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, geomagnetism, land bridges.
Manuel José Fernández-Vinjoy y Pérez de Penafonte (traductor, canónigo y proyectista)
Authors: Pérez de Castro José Luis 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENDon Manuel José Fernández-Vinjoy y Pérez de Penafonte, natural de Castropol, perteneció a una noble familia asturiana, cursó estudios eclesiásticos, fue clérigo en Madrid y en 1793 se le nombró Canónigo de la Santa Iglesia Catedral de Oviedo, en donde desempeñó diversas funciones, entre otras, las de Contador Racionero Mayor y Menor. En 1794 recibió el honor y título de Caballero de la Orden de Carlos III. Destacamos en este estudio su faceta de humanista, experto conocedor de las lenguas clásicas, culto, riguroso y elogiado traductor de las obras de Filón de Alejandría, de quien introdujo en España tres de ellas (El repúblio más sabio, El héroe estoico o el hombre libre y su Poema sagrado) por ser de utilidad para el bien común, probando que no puede haber verdadera libertad donde no domina la virtud.PALABRAS CLAVECastropol, traductor de Filón de Alejandría, filosofía racional, estoicismo, humanista, Jovellanos, Cabildo ovetense. TITLEManuel José Fernández-Vinjoy y Pérez de Penafonte (translator, canon and designer)ABSTRACTMr. Manuel José Fernández-Vinjoy and Pérez de Peñafonte, native of Castropol, belonged to a noble family from Asturias, he studied ecclesiastics, was a clergyman in Madrid and in 1793 he was appointed Canon of the Holy Cathedral Church of Oviedo, where he performed various functions, among others, those of Mayor and Minor Accountant Prebedery. In 1794 he received the honor and title of Knight of the Order of Charles III. We emphasize in this study his facet of humanist, expert in classical languages, cult, rigorous and praised translator of the works of Philo of Alexandria, of whom he introduced in Spain three of them (The wisest Republican, The stoic hero or the free man and Sacred Poem) for being of utility and for the common good, proving that there can be no true freedom where virtue does not dominate.KEY WORDSCastropol, translator of Philo of Alexandria, rational philosophy, stoicism, humanist, Jovellanos, incumbent of the church from Oviedo.
The safety and efficacy of nephron sparing surgery in T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Asimi Athar R. , Wani Mohammad S. , Lone Mohammad I. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasm arising from the kidney. Objective was to explore the safety and efficacy of nephron sparing surgery (NSS) for T1N0M0 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and to assess the oncological outcome of NSS in T1N0M0 RCC.Methods: A total of 31 cases were enrolled for the study of which 11 (35.5%) underwent NSS and 20 (64.5%) underwent radical nephrectomy (RN). The clinical results were followed up and comparatively analyzed.Results: NSS was performed using a margin of 1cm, no positive surgical margin was detected. The mean blood loss and mean duration of surgery in NSS and RN was comparable. Among all one patient from NSS group experienced urinary leak which was managed by placement of DJ stent. The overall complication rate was 9.1% in NSS. Lab. tests before surgery and after surgery at 6month was done in the both groups and results obtained was within normal limits. Only one patient developed metastasis from NSS group and died at 14th month of fallow-up, whereas neither metastasis nor mortality were recorded in RN group.Conclusions: Nephron sparing SURGERY has proven to be a safe and effective approach for Renal cell carcinoma with comparable clinical results to radical nephrectomy especially in tumour ≤4cm.
Growing as a Water Leader: Beware of Six Traps
Authors: Taylor André 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper describes six leadership‐related “traps” that developing leaders in the water sector commonly fall into, as well as ways to avoid or escape them. It draws on the experience of the author who has worked as a leadership development specialist over the last 10 years to build the leadership capacity of water practitioners so they can initiate and drive positive change. This experience includes working closely with several hundred developing water leaders from around the world through a variety of leadership development programs and short courses, and conducting over 500 coaching sessions.A consequence of this experience has been the identification of a number of common patterns of behaviour that emerging water leaders exhibit as they seek to grow as leaders. These patterns are surprisingly similar given they occur in people working in different geographic locations, organisations, professional roles, and cultures. In this paper, these patterns are referred to as leadership‐related “traps”, as they represent barriers to growth.This paper describes six of the most common traps that can significantly hinder the ability of water leaders to grow their leadership capacity and improve their leadership effectiveness. It also explains why these traps are a problem and provides practical advice on avoiding or minimising the impact of them using guidance from the leadership development literature as well as the author's experience of working closely with these people and evaluating the results. This guidance should assist developing water leaders directly, as well as people who nurture such leaders such as supervisors, mentors, and leadership development specialists.
Unimodular hierarchical models and their Graver bases
Authors: Bernstein Daniel Irving , ONeill Christopher 
Published: January 2018

Given a simplicial complex whose vertices are labeled with positive integers, one can associate a vector configuration whose corresponding toric variety is the Zariski closure of a hierarchical model. We classify all the vertex-weighted simplicial complexes that give rise to unimodular vector configurations. We also provide a combinatorial characterization of their Graver bases.
Correlation with Caries Lesion Depth of The Canary System, DIAGNOdent and ICDAS II
Authors: Abrams Stephen H. , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran S. , Silvertown Josh D. , Wong Bonny , Hellen Adam , Mandelis Andreas , Hellen Warren M.P. , Elman Gary I. , Mathew S.M. , Mensinkai Poornima K. , Amaechi Bennett T. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction:The aim of this study was to correlate lesion depth of natural caries, measured with Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), to Canary Numbers (CN) derived from The Canary System™ (CS), numerical readings from DIAGNOdent (DD), and lesion scores from ICDAS II.Methods:A total of 20 examination sites on extracted human molars and premolars were selected. The selected examination sites consisted of healthy and enamel caries on smooth and occlusal surfaces of each tooth. Two blinded dentists ranked each examination site using ICDAS II and the consensus score for each examined site was recorded. The same examination sites were scanned with CS and DD, and the CN and DD readings were recorded. After all the measurements were completed, the readings of the three caries detection methods were validated with a histological method, Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). PLM performed by blinded examiners was used as the ‘gold standard’ to confirm the presence or absence of a caries lesion within each examined site and to determine caries lesion depth.Results:Pearson’s coefficients of correlation with caries lesion depth of CNs, DD readings and ICDAS scores were 0.84, 0.21 and 0.77, respectively. Mean ± SD CN for sound sites (n=3), caries lesion depths <800 µm (n=11), and caries lesion depths >800 µm (n=6) were 11±1, 55±15, and 75±22, respectively. Mean ± SD DD readings for sound sites, caries lesion depths <800 µm, and caries lesion depths >800 µm were 1±1, 7±11, and 8±9, respectively. Mean ± SD ICDAS II scores for sound sites, caries lesion depths <800 µm, and caries lesion depths >800 µm were 0±0, 2±1, and 2±1, respectively. The intra-operator repeatability for the Canary System was .953 (0.913, 0.978).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the CS exhibits much higher correlation with caries lesion depth compared to ICDAS II and DD. CS may provide the clinician with more information about the size and position of the lesion which might help in monitoring or treating the lesion.The present extracted tooth study found that The Canary System correlates with caries lesion depth more accurately that ICDAS II and DIAGNOdent.
Review on Computational Approaches for Identification of New Targets and Compounds for Fighting Against Filariasis
Authors: Mishra Manisha , Srivastava Prachi 
Published: January 2018

Background:Lymphatic filariasis is a tropical disease and currently more than 1.4 billion people in 73 countries are at risk but still it is neglected in higher researches. Lymphatic filariasis is wide spread throughout the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, the Western Pacific and some parts of the Americas. Though it is a big issue for developing countries but still no proper prophylactic or therapeutic measures are taken out as to protect against filarial infection or to modulate disease.Objective:Non availability of proper prevention or cure as well are the major issues for which new scientific computational research approaches towards the management and betterment of this disease is required. Identification of novel compounds or drug targets through advance computational approaches can give new and better alternatives against this social problem or can open a new gate way towards advance approaches of drug designing.Results:Current review signifies the contribution of scientist working in different areas are globally thinking about the resolution of this problem and among different approaches these computational based researches will no doubt are a milestone against the fight with filaria. Genomic, proteomic, system biology based concepts, computational drug designing, virtual screening, homology modellingetc. are the different advances which altogether will win these problem.Conclusion:Compilation of thisin silicocontributions are well establishing their importance in finding out new targets and compounds that could lead a milestone against this social stigma which create humiliation not only for patients or relatives but also burden of society too.
Medios de comunicación, conocimiento y entendimiento de la opinión pública sobre los sucesos políticos. El caso de México
Authors: Gómez Vilchis Ricardo R. 
Published: January 2018

<p>¿Qué relevancia tienen los medios de comunicación en el fortalecimiento del conocimiento y en el entendimiento de la opinión pública sobre los asuntos políticos? Este trabajo es uno de los primeros que examina los factores que determinan tanto el conocimiento como el entendimiento de la opinión pública en materia política en el caso mexicano. La investigación se basa en una encuesta realizada en México por Latin American Public Opinion Project<em> </em>(lapop, por sus siglas en inglés) en 2014 y que se apoya en el manejo de modelos de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (mco). Partiendo de la propuesta clásica de McCombs sobre la “necesidad de información-orientación” de la opinión pública, este trabajo demuestra, como hallazgo principal, que los medios de comunicación robustecen tanto el conocimiento como el entendimiento de la opinión pública sobre los sucesos políticos, lo que indica que los medios de comunicación no solamente informan sino que también <em>forman</em> opinión entre la ciudadanía. </p>
Hva kjennetegner de svakeste elevenes lesekompetanse, lesevaner og strategikunnskap når de går ut av grunnskolen?
Authors: Roe Astrid , Jensen Ragnhild Engdal 
Published: January 2018

De norske PISA-resultatene i 2015 viste en framgang i lesing for norske 15-åringere, men andelen elever på det laveste nivået var fortsatt uendret. Denne artikkelen studerer de norske elevene i denne kategorien når det gjelder hvilke tekst- og oppgavetyper de har særlige problemer med og hva som kjennetegner deres lesevaner og kunnskap om lesestrategier. Datagrunnlaget stammer i hovedsak fra PISA 2009, da lesing hadde hovedfokus. Resultatene viser at de svakeste leserne relativt sett har størst problemer med komplekse fagtekster og minst problemer med skjønnlitterære tekster, og at de mangler kunnskap om lesestrategier. Samtidig er de mer interessert i å lese aviser og nettbaserte tekster enn skjønnlitteratur. Vi peker på elevenes leseinteresser, samt viktigheten av å arbeide med leseforståelse i alle fag, også i videregående skole, som utgangspunkt for å bidra til å redusere andelen svake lesere.
English abstract
What Characterises the Reading Competence, Reading Habits and Strategy Awareness at the End of Lower Secondary Education of Those Learners Struggling the Most?
The Norwegian PISA-results in 2015 showed a progress in the reading competence of 15-year-olds. That of pupils struggling with reading, however, remained the same. This article explores the Norwegian pupils pertaining to this category and which kinds of texts and tasks they experience as especially difficult. We also investigate what characterises their reading habits and knowledge of reading strategies. The empirical basis of this study is mainly the 2009 PISA, which emphasised reading. The results of this particular student assessment showed that pupils struggling with reading largely have trouble with fictional texts and lack knowledge of reading strategies. They are moreover more interested in reading newspaper articles and web-based texts than fiction. In this article, we explore pupils's interests as regards reading and the importance of working with reading awareness in all subjects, at the upper secondary level as well. Our aim is to reduce the amount of struggling learners.
Kísérlet a poena extraordinaria egy jelentésének feltárására a 18. század második felének debreceni ítélkezési gyakorlatában
Authors: Biczó András 
Published: January 2018

In my essay I analyze a possible semantic content of poena extraordinaria. Int the first part of the study can be found on interpretation concerning the different meanings of poena ordinaria and poena extraordinaria. In my hypothesis I suppose if the crime hasn't been entirely proved by accuser then the judge has to apply the category of poena extraordinaria. I examine three criminal brief of cases from Debrecen at 18th century in the second part; trying to verify my hypothesis.