bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Pristine Arctic Wetland
Authors: Diaz Krystalle S. , Rich Virginia I. , McLain Jean E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntibiotics are the foundation of modern medicine, and the sustainability of antibiotic use depends on overcoming the challenge of antibiotic resistance (AR). This may be extremely difficult, given that antibiotic production by environmental microbiota is a natural process and AR is widespread in nature. AR has been shown to spread readily and quickly, as well as to exist in the absence of anthropogenic forcing (i.e., the application of antibiotics by humans). This study compared a range of approaches to identify AR gene sequences in microbial community genomes in three habitats (Palsa, Bog, and Fen) across a permafrost thaw gradient in Abisko, Sweden. Depending on the search algorithm used, we found a range of 0.72–1.29% AR protein‐coding genes across all habitats, with model‐based search algorithms resulting in greater sensitivity than traditional identity‐based approaches for identifying AR sequences. Though each habitat within the permafrost gradient showed different cell densities, pH, bioavailable carbon, water content, nutrient availability, and other factors that impact microbial life, the difference in overall AR protein abundance between habitats was not significant. Examination of AR at this location will contribute to our understanding of AR presence in natural environments and how AR may be impacted by permafrost thawing related to global warming.
Anthropogenic Litter Abundance and Accumulation Rates Point to Seasonal Litter Sources on a Great Lakes Beach
Authors: Vincent Anna E.S. , Hoellein Timothy J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ecology of anthropogenic litter (AL) (i.e., trash) in marine ecosystems is a growing field of research. Freshwater and marine ecosystems have similar AL densities, but research on the assemblage and accumulation rates of AL in freshwater environments is less common. We studied AL accumulation at Pratt beach, located on Lake Michigan in Chicago, IL, USA. The beach has a concrete pier at the south end, with two areas of grass bisected by a walking path. Pratt beach receives many daily visitors, but unlike other urban beaches, it has no daily municipal beach grooming. We established five 60 m transects parallel to the shoreline, with increasing distance to the shoreline. Each transect was divided into four habitat zones (i.e., pier, south vegetation, path, and north vegetation). All AL within 1 m of each transect was collected biweekly from March‐November 2015. AL density (No. m−2) and input rate (No. m−2 day−1) were highest at the pier, regardless of distance from the shoreline. Fall had the highest AL density relative to spring or summer. We concluded AL inputs at the pier were dominated by direct littering and the retention of wind‐ and wave‐blown AL at the pier's wall. The study beach had much higher AL than adjacent beaches which received municipal AL cleaning, suggesting cleaning is effective at reducing AL density. This study suggests that, given the mobile nature of AL by natural processes, infrequent sampling may underestimate total AL abundance. Management efforts for AL should be directed towards the greatest AL accumulation sites within a beach, and at prevention of direct littering from visitors.
Opportunities for improving cardiovascular health outcomes in adults younger than 65 years with guideline‐recommended statin therapy
Authors: Sarasua Sara M. , Li Jiexiang , Hernandez German T. , Ferdinand Keith C. , Tobin Jonathan N. , Fiscella Kevin A. , Jones Daniel W. , Sinopoli Angelo , Egan Brent M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe impact of age, race/ethnicity, healthcare insurance, and selected clinical variables on statin‐preventable ASCVD were quantified in adults aged 21 to 79 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2012 using the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline on the treatment of cholesterol. Among ≈42.4 million statin‐eligible, untreated adults, 52.6% were hypertensive and 71% were younger than 65 years. Of ≈232 000 statin‐preventable ASCVD events annually, most occur in individuals younger than 65 years, with higher proportions in blacks and Hispanics than whites (73.0% and 69.2% vs 56.9%, respectively; P<.01). Among adults younger than 65 years, the ratio of statin‐eligible but untreated to statin‐treated adults was higher in blacks and Hispanics than whites (3.0 and 2.9 vs 1.3, respectively; P<.01), and blacks, men, hypertensives, and cigarette smokers were more likely to be statin eligible than their statin‐ineligible counterparts by multivariable logistic regression. Two thirds of untreated statin‐eligible adults had two or more healthcare visits per year. Identifying and treating more statin‐eligible adults in the healthcare system could improve cardiovascular health equity.
Longitudinal epigenetic predictors of amygdala:hippocampus volume ratio
Authors: Walton Esther , Cecil Charlotte A.M. , Suderman Matthew , Liu Jingyu , Turner Jessica A. , Calhoun Vince , Ehrlich Stefan , Relton Caroline L. , Barker Edward D. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe ratio between amygdala:hippocampal (AH) volume has been associated with multiple psychiatric problems, including anxiety and aggression. Yet, little is known about its biological underpinnings. Here, we used a methylome‐wide approach to test (a) whether DNA methylation in early life (birth, age 7) prospectively associates with total AH volume ratio in early adulthood, and (b) whether significant DNA methylation markers are influenced by prenatal risk factors.MethodsAnalyses were based on a subsample (n = 109 males) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, which included measures of prenatal risk, DNA methylation (Infinium Illumina 450k), T1‐weighted brain scans and psychopathology in early adulthood (age 18–21). Amygdala and hippocampus measures were derived using Freesurfer 5.3.0. Methylation markers related to AH volume ratio across time were identified using longitudinal multilevel modeling.ResultsAmygdala:hippocampal volume ratio correlated positively with age 18 psychosis‐like symptoms (p = .007). Methylation of a probe in the gene SP6 associated longitudinally with (a) higher AH volume ratio (FDR q‐value = .01) and (b) higher stressful life events during pregnancy (p = .046). SP6 is expressed in the hippocampus and amygdala and has been implicated in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The association between SP6 DNA methylation, AH volume ratio and psychopathology was replicated in an independent dataset of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 111 healthy controls.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that epigenetic alterations in genes implicated in neurodevelopment may contribute to a brain‐based biomarker of psychopathology.
Does Educational Similarity Drive Parental Support?
Authors: Ory Brett , Keizer Renske , Dykstra Pearl A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article tests competing mechanisms explaining linkages between parent–child educational similarity and parental advice and interest to adult children, asking whether mechanisms differ for mothers and fathers. Educational similarities might provide common ground whereas educational dissimilarity affects parents' authority to dispense advice. Using ordered logistic regression with data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (N = 2,444) parental advice and interest are modeled separately for mothers and fathers. Seemingly unrelated estimation is used to test for gender differences across models, revealing that mechanisms driving parental support differ by parents' gender. Fathers show more interest in adult children when they are educationally similar (consistent with the homophily hypothesis), but only among the highly educated, whereas mothers show more interest to highly educated children, regardless of their own level of educational attainment. Fathers' advice is conditioned on their own educational attainment whereas mothers give advice unconditionally (consistent with the gender hypothesis).
Too much of a good thing? Exploring the inverted‐U relationship between self‐control and happiness
Authors: Wiese Christopher W. , Tay Louis , Duckworth Angela L. , D’Mello Sidney , Kuykendall Lauren , Hofmann Wilhelm , Baumeister Roy F. , Vohs Kathleen D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveCan having too much self‐control make people unhappy? Researchers have increasingly questioned the unilateral goodness of self‐control and proposed that it is beneficial only up to a certain point, after which it becomes detrimental. The little empirical research on the issue shows mixed results. Hence, we tested whether a curvilinear relationship between self‐control and subjective well‐being exists.MethodWe used multiple metrics (questionnaires, behavioral ratings), sources (self‐report, other‐report), and methods (cross‐sectional measurement, dayreconstruction method, experience sampling method) across six studies (Ntotal = 5,318).ResultsWe found that self‐control positively predicted subjective well‐being (cognitive and affective), but there was little evidence for an inverted U‐shaped curve. The results held after statistically controlling for demographics and other psychological confounds.ConclusionOur main finding is that self‐control enhances subjective well‐being with little to no apparent downside of too much self‐control.
Introgression of Pi2 and Pi5 Genes for Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) Resistance in Rice and Field Evaluation of Introgression Lines for Resistance and Yield Traits
Authors: Sagar KrishnaMurthy Prashanthi , Deshmukh Dnyaneshwar B. , Yashvanth Kumar Kakanur Jagadeesh , Patil Santosh , Jakkeral Shridevi , Nemappa Gangappa Hanamaratti , Singh Uday D. , Variar Mukund , Rathour Rajeev , Subbaiyan Gopalakrishnan , Singh Ashok K. , Sharma Tilak Raj 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBlast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease causing significant loss in rice production. The destructive nature of the disease is mainly due to the genetic plasticity of M. oryzae which complicates the breeding strategies. Blast can be effectively managed by the deployment of R genes. In this study, broad‐spectrum blast resistance genes Pi2 and Pi5 were introgressed independently into popular but blast susceptible rice variety, Samba Mahsuri (BPT5204) by applying marker‐assisted backcross breeding approach. Tightly linked markers AP5930 for Pi2 and 40N23r for Pi5 gene were used in foreground selection. Background selection helped to identify the lines with maximum recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG). The RPG recovery in Pi2 introgression lines was up to 90.17 and 91.46% in Pi5 lines. Homozygous introgression lines in BC3F4 generation carrying Pi2 and Pi5 gene were field evaluated for blast resistance, yield per se and yield‐related traits. The lines showed resistance to leaf and neck blast in multilocation field evaluation. Improved BPT5204 lines with improvement for blast resistance were on par with original BPT5204 in terms of grain yield and grain features.
Eatwell Guide – the bare facts
Authors: Buttriss J. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn March 2016, the UK government's new Eatwell Guide was published following work to identify food‐based dietary guidelines consistent with the new UK fibre and free sugars recommendations adopted in 2015. The revised proportions of the model were developed using a technique known as optimisation modelling, which finds a combination of foods that meet a set of nutritional recommendations while deviating as little as possible from current dietary habits. This paper focuses on two recently published papers, one that describes the scientific rationale for the new proportions of the Guide and a second paper from the same research group exploring the effects on health that might be expected if the optimised diet depicted in the Guide were to be followed.
Epidemiology and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection in glomerular diseases treated with immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Lim Cynthia C , Tung Yu Tzu , Tan Ban Hock , Lee Puay Hoon , Mok Irene , Oon Lynette , Chan Kwai Peng , Choo Jason CJ 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimCytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of CMV infection among patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) who received potent immunosuppressants (IS).MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective study of adults with biopsy‐proven GN prescribed methylprednisolone (MP), cyclophosphamide (CYC) or rituximab (RTX). Primary endpoint was CMV infection defined by significant CMV antigenaemia (>10 positive cells in 106 cells) or viraemia (>2000 copies/mL). Death was related to CMV if CMV infection occurred within the same hospitalization as death.ResultsNinety‐four patients were studied. CYC was prescribed in 65% and MP in 71% of the cohort. Only two patients received RTX and 15 patients received plasma exchanges (PEX). Median follow up was 31.9 (IQR: 13.7, 53.6) months. CMV infection occurred in 13 patients (13.8%) at 1.3 (0.6, 3.0) months from biopsy. Patients with CMV infection had higher serum creatinine [404 (272, 619) vs. 159 (93, 317) μmol/L, P < 0.001] and greater proteinuria [UPCR 7.5, (4.8, 11.8) vs. 4.2 (2.3, 8.4) g/g, P = 0.02] than those who did not have CMV infection. Also, more patients received CYC (92% vs. 60%, P = 0.03), RTX (15% vs. 0, P = 0.02) and PEX (38% vs. 12%, P = 0.01) than those who did not have CMV infection. Two patients had CMV‐related deaths.ConclusionCytomegalovirus infection is common in GN patients receiving potent IS. Surveillance and possibly anti‐viral prophylaxis should be considered for high‐risk patients.
Anxiety can significantly explain bolus perception in the context of hypotensive esophageal motility: Results of a large multicenter study in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Cisternas D. , Scheerens C. , Omari T. , Monrroy H. , Hani A. , Leguizamo A. , Bilder C. , Ditaranto A. , Ruiz de León A. , Pérez de la Serna J. , Valdovinos M. A. , Coello R. , Abrahao L. , Remes‐Troche J. , Meixueiro A. , Zavala M. A. , Marin I. , Serra J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have not been able to correlate manometry findings with bolus perception. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation of different variables, including traditional manometric variables (at diagnostic and extreme thresholds), esophageal shortening, bolus transit, automated impedance manometry (AIM) metrics and mood with bolus passage perception in a large cohort of asymptomatic individuals.MethodsHigh resolution manometry (HRM) was performed in healthy individuals from nine centers. Perception was evaluated using a 5‐point Likert scale. Anxiety was evaluated using Hospitalized Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). Subgroup analysis was also performed classifying studies into normal, hypotensive, vigorous, and obstructive patterns.Key ResultsOne hundred fifteen studies were analyzed (69 using HRM and 46 using high resolution impedance manometry (HRIM); 3.5% swallows in 9.6% of volunteers were perceived. There was no correlation of any of the traditional HRM variables, esophageal shortening, AIM metrics nor bolus transit with perception scores. There was no HRM variable showing difference in perception when comparing normal vs extreme values (percentile 1 or 99). Anxiety but not depression was correlated with perception. Among hypotensive pattern, anxiety was a strong predictor of variance in perception (R2 up to .70).Conclusion and InferencesBolus perception is less common than abnormal motility among healthy individuals. Neither esophageal motor function nor bolus dynamics evaluated with several techniques seems to explain differences in bolus perception. Different mechanisms seem to be relevant in different manometric patterns. Anxiety is a significant predictor of bolus perception in the context of hypotensive motility.
Constraints on the evolution of resistance to gall flies in Solidago altissima: resistance sometimes costs more than it is worth
Authors: Wise Michael J. , Abrahamson Warren G. 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Plant populations frequently maintain submaximal levels of resistance to natural enemies, even in the presence of substantial genetic variation for resistance. Identifying constraints on the evolution of increased resistance has been a major goal of researchers of plant–herbivore interactions.

In a glasshouse study, we measured relative costs and benefits of resistance of tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) to the gall‐inducing tephritid Eurosta solidaginis. We exposed multiple ramets of 26 goldenrod genets to nutrient or shade stress and to oviposition by E. solidaginis.

The presence of a gall cost a ramet an average of 1743 seeds, but the cost differed 10‐fold across environments. Plant genets varied widely for an induced ‘hypersensitive’ response in which meristem cells become necrotic and kill E. solidaginis hatchlings before gall induction. There was no evidence that this highly effective resistance trait carried an allocation cost. However, the response carried a risk of autotoxicity, as necrosis killed the apex of 37% of the ungalled ramets. On average, a damaged apex cost each ramet 5015 seeds.

Autotoxicity may constrain the resistance of S. altissima to an intermediate level, and variation in environmental conditions may alter the relative costs and benefits of resistance and tolerance, thus maintaining genetic variation within goldenrod populations.
Food allergy and attitudes to close interpersonal relationships: An exploratory study on attachment
Authors: Polloni Laura , Schiff Sami , Ferruzza Emilia , Lazzarotto Francesca , Bonaguro Roberta , Toniolo Alice , Celegato Nicolò , Muraro Antonella 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy is a common immunologic disease that includes potentially fatal reactions. It impacts considerably on patients’ social life including close interpersonal relationships. Attachment theory provides a theoretic framework to evaluate the quality of close interpersonal relationships in chronic disorders. Attachment insecurity, mainly characterized by attachment avoidance, has been found in a variety of health conditions, but still needs to be investigated in food allergy. The study aimed to investigate attachment, as attitude to close interpersonal relationships, among food‐allergic young patients, compared to healthy controls.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study involving patients suffering from IgE‐mediated food allergy sequentially recruited and matched to healthy controls for age and gender. The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to assess five factors and two attachment dimensions (Anxiety‐Avoidance). Associations with anaphylaxis and adrenaline prescription were explored among patients.Results174 participants were assessed (female=45%; mean age=17.51; SD=4.26). Food‐allergic patients reported significantly higher levels of Discomfort with Closeness (P<.05), Relationships as Secondary (P<.05) and Attachment Avoidance (P<.0001) compared to controls.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of implications of insecure attachment for health and illness. They should support patients in limiting social impairment finding a balance between safety and psychologic well‐being.
Emotion dysregulation in alexithymia: Startle reactivity to fearful affective imagery and its relation to heart rate variability
Authors: Panayiotou Georgia , Constantinou Elena 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlexithymia is associated with deficiencies in recognizing and expressing emotions and impaired emotion regulation, though few studies have verified the latter assertion using objective measures. This study examined startle reflex modulation by fearful imagery and its associations with heart rate variability in alexithymia. Fifty‐four adults (27 alexithymic) imagined previously normed fear scripts. Startle responses were assessed during baseline, first exposure, and reexposure. During first exposure, participants, in separate trials, engaged in either shallow or deep emotion processing, giving emphasis on descriptive or affective aspects of imagery, respectively. Resting heart rate variability was assessed during 2 min of rest prior to the experiment, with high alexithymic participants demonstrating significantly higher LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) ratio than controls. Deep processing was associated with nonsignificantly larger and faster startle responses at first exposure for alexithymic participants. Lower LF/HF ratio, reflecting higher parasympathetic cardiac activity, predicted greater startle amplitude habituation for alexithymia but lower habituation for controls. Results suggest that, when exposed to prolonged threat, alexithymics may adjust poorly, showing a smaller initial defensive response but slower habituation. This pattern seems related to their low emotion regulation ability as indexed by heart rate variability.
Comparison of the acute effects of high‐intensity interval training and continuous aerobic walking on inhibitory control
Authors: Kao Shih‐Chun , Westfall Daniel R. , Soneson Jack , Gurd Brendon , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) on inhibitory control. The P3 component of the stimulus‐locked ERP was collected in 64 young adults during a modified flanker task following 20 min of seated rest, 20 min of CAE, and 9 min of HIIT on separate days in counterbalanced order. Participants exhibited shorter overall reaction time following CAE and HIIT compared to seated rest. Response accuracy improved following HIIT in the task condition requiring greater inhibitory control compared to seated rest and CAE. P3 amplitude was larger following CAE compared to seated rest and HIIT. Decreased P3 amplitude and latency were observed following HIIT compared to seated rest. The current results replicated previous findings indicating the beneficial effect of acute CAE on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control. With a smaller duration and volume of exercise, a single bout of HIIT resulted in additional improvements in inhibitory control, paralleled by a smaller and more efficient P3 component. In sum, the current study demonstrated that CAE and HIIT differentially facilitate inhibitory control and its underlying neuroelectric activation, and that HIIT may be a time‐efficient approach for enhancing cognitive health.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Induces Interferon Gamma Responses in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Children with Allergic Asthma
Authors: Smith‐Norowitz T. A. , Weaver D. , Chorny V. , Norowitz Y. M. , Lent D. , Hammerschlag M. R. , Joks R. , Kohlhoff S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRespiratory infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with exacerbations of asthma. Cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) is critical for maintaining immunity. We compared interferon (IFN)‐γ responses in C. pneumoniae‐infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in paediatric patients ± asthma. Presence of C. pneumoniae was tested from asthma patients (N = 17) and non‐asthmatic controls (N = 16) (PCR). PBMC were infected for 1 h ± C. pneumoniae AR‐39 (MOI = 0.1) and cultured for 48 h. IFN‐γ levels were measured in supernatants (ELISA). C. pneumoniae‐IgG antibodies in serum were determined (MIF). All subjects tested negative for C. pneumoniae (PCR). C. pneumoniae‐induced IFN‐γ production in vitro was more prevalent in asthma compared with non‐asthma; levels of IFN‐γ were higher in asthma compared with non‐asthma (P = 0.003). There was no association between recent respiratory infection and positive IFN‐γ responses. These data show that C. pneumoniae modulates IFN‐γ responses in patients with asthma, even in absence of active infection.