bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic X-ray radiography reveals particle size and shape orientation fields during granular flow
Authors: Guillard François , Marks Benjy , Einav Itai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen granular materials flow, the constituent particles segregate by size and align by shape. The impacts of these changes in fabric on the flow itself are not well understood, and thus novel non-invasive means are needed to observe the interior of the material. Here, we propose a new experimental technique using dynamic X-ray radiography to make such measurements possible. The technique is based on Fourier transformation to extract spatiotemporal fields of internal particle size and shape orientation distributions during flow, in addition to complementary measurements of velocity fields through image correlation. We show X-ray radiography captures the bulk flow properties, in contrast to optical methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls. Our results reveal the rich dynamic alignment of particles with respect to streamlines in the bulk during silo discharge, the understanding of which is critical to preventing destructive instabilities and undesirable clogging. The ideas developed in this paper are directly applicable to many other open questions in granular and soft matter systems, such as the evolution of size and shape distributions in foams and biological materials.
High-performance therapeutic quercetin-doped adhesive for adhesive–dentin interfaces
Authors: Yang Hongye , Li Kang , Yan Huiyi , Liu Siying , Wang Yake , Huang Cui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlmost half of dental restorations have failed in less than 10 years, and approximately 60% of practice time has been consumed to replace these dental restorations. As such, contemporary dentin adhesives should be modified to treat secondary caries and prevent the degradation of adhesive–dentin interfaces. To achieve this goal, we developed a versatile therapeutic adhesive in the present study by incorporating quercetin, which is a naturally derived plant extract, into a commercial adhesive at three concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL). An unmodified adhesive served as a control. The antibacterial ability on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, conversion degree, microtensile bond strength, failure modes, in situ zymography, nanoleakage expression and cytotoxicity of quercetin-doped adhesive were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that the quercetin-doped adhesive (500 µg/mL) preserved its bonding properties against collagenase ageing and inhibited the growth of S. mutans biofilm. Efficient bonding interface sealing ability, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition and acceptable biocompatibility were also achieved. Thus, a simple, safe and workable strategy was successfully developed to produce therapeutic adhesives for the extension of the service life of adhesive restorations.
Patients with IgG1-anti-red blood cell autoantibodies show aberrant Fc-glycosylation
Authors: Sonneveld Myrthe E. , de Haas Masja , Koeleman Carolien , de Haan Noortje , Zeerleder Sacha S. , Ligthart Peter C. , Wuhrer Manfred , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a potentially severe disease in which red blood cells (RBC) are destroyed by IgG anti-RBC autoantibodies which can lead to hemolysis. We recently found IgG Fc-glycosylation towards platelet and RBC alloantigens to be skewed towards decreased fucosylation, increased galactosylation and sialylation. The lowered core-fucosylation increases the affinity of the pathogenic alloantibodies to FcγRIIIa/b, and hence RBC destruction. It is known that in autoimmune diseases plasma IgG1 galactosylation and sialylation are lowered, but Fc-glycosylation of RBC-specific autoantibodies has never been thoroughly analyzed. We investigated by mass spectrometry the N-linked RBC autoantibody and plasma IgG1 Fc-glycosylation in relation to occurrence of hemolysis for 103 patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We observed that total IgG1 purified from plasma of patients with RBC-bound antibodies showed significantly decreased galactosylation and sialylation levels compared to healthy controls, similar to what previously has been shown for other autoimmune diseases. The anti-RBC- autoantibodies showed a profile with even lower galactosylation, but higher sialylation and lower bisection levels. In contrast to alloantibodies against RBCs, RBC-bound IgG1 Fc-fucosylation was not different between healthy controls and patients. Analysis of anti-RBC Fc-glycoprofiles suggested that lower bisection and higher galactosylation associate with lower Hb levels.
Political Pressures Increased Vulnerability to Climate Hazards for Nomadic Livestock in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Li Ang , Chen Shi , Zhang Xueyao , Huang Jianhui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerders in Inner Mongolia experienced two completely different political periods during their last nomadic period between 1961 and 1986. However, climate and technical factors were very similar between these two periods according to statistical analyses. We retrieved historical climate and livestock population data and performed a retrospective study using generalized additive models to analyze three major livestock population demographic metrics changes between these two periods. We found that the sociopolitical factors significantly impacted all three major demographic metrics (adult mortality, neonatal mortality and birthrate) between the two periods for both large (cattle, horse, and camel) and small livestock (sheep and goat). We also identified the interaction effects between sociopolitical factor and climate factors for adult and neonatal mortality, while birthrate was not affected by these interactions. When exposed to climate hazards, adult and neonatal livestock mortality rates were significantly higher, while birthrate was significantly lower in social movement period than in peaceful period. We concluded that political movements had indeed increased the vulnerability of herders’ livestock to climate hazards. External political pressures deprived hazard-resistance entitlements of herders, which may explain the elevated effects of political pressures on livestock vulnerability.
The CpG dinucleotide content of the HIV-1 envelope gene may predict disease progression
Authors: Wasson Mishi Kaushal , Borkakoti Jayanta , Kumar Amit , Biswas Banhi , Vivekanandan Perumal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe clinical course of HIV-1 varies greatly among infected individuals. Despite extensive research, virus factors associated with slow-progression remain poorly understood. Identification of unique HIV-1 genomic signatures linked to slow-progression remains elusive. We investigated CpG dinucleotide content in HIV-1 envelope gene as a potential virus factor in disease progression. We analysed 1808 HIV-1 envelope gene sequences from three independent longitudinal studies; this included 1280 sequences from twelve typical-progressors and 528 sequences from six slow-progressors. Relative abundance of CpG dinucleotides and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) for CpG-containing codons among HIV-1 envelope gene sequences from typical-progressors and slow-progressors were analysed. HIV-1 envelope gene sequences from slow-progressors have high-CpG dinucleotide content and increased number of CpG-containing codons as compared to typical-progressors. Our findings suggest that observed differences in CpG-content between typical-progressors and slow-progressors is not explained by differences in the mononucleotide content. Our results also highlight that the high-CpG content in HIV-1 envelope gene from slow-progressors is observed immediately after seroconversion. Thus CpG dinucleotide content of HIV-1 envelope gene is a potential virus-related factor that is linked to disease progression. The CpG dinucleotide content of HIV-1 envelope gene may help predict HIV-1 disease progression at early stages after seroconversion.
Comparative mitogenomic analysis of Aposthonia borneensis and Aposthonia japonica (Embioptera: Oligotomidae) reveals divergent evolution of webspinners
Authors: Chen Zhi-Teng , Lü Liang , Lu Ming-Xing , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome, mtDNA) ofAposthonia borneensisand compare it with another sequenced webspinner,Aposthonia japonica. TheA. borneensismitogenome is smaller thanA. japonica, but the size of each gene and the A + T content of protein-coding genes (PCGs) are almost identical in the two mitogenomes. Among the PCGs,atp6shows the highest evolutionary rate andcox1the lowest. The mtDNA map inA. borneensisis similar toDrosophila yakuba, but distinctly different fromA. japonica, which has extensive rearrangement. Phylogenetic analyses dated the divergence time of the two webspinners at ca. 103 Ma. We speculate that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) ofA. borneensisandA. japonicawas divided into several geographic groups during the Pangea breakup. Geographic isolation between the Japanese islands and the continental southeastern Asia resulted in the divergent evolution ofA. borneensisandA. japonica, thus generating mtDNA structural variations between the two species. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and specific distributional features, the genusAposthoniawas supported as non-monophyly, and we speculate that both highly rearranged and relatively conserved mitogenomes exist in other webspinners.
Normative Study of the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES) Test in the French-Canadian Population
Authors: Marcotte Karine , McSween Marie-Pier , Pouliot Monica , Martineau Sarah , Pauzé Anne-Marie , Wiseman-Hakes Catherine , MacDonald Sheila 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES; MacDonald, 2005) test was designed for use by speech-language pathologists to assess verbal reasoning, complex comprehension, discourse, and executive skills during performance on a set of challenging and ecologically valid functional tasks. A recent French version of this test was translated from English; however, it had not undergone standardization. The development of normative data that are linguistically and culturally sensitive to the target population is of importance. The present study aimed to establish normative data for the French version of the FAVRES, a commonly used test with native French–speaking patients with traumatic brain injury in Québec, Canada.

Method
The normative sample consisted of 181 healthy French-speaking adults from various regions across the province of Québec. Age and years of education were factored into the normative model.

Results
Results indicate that age was significantly associated with performance on time, accuracy, reasoning subskills, and rationale criteria, whereas the level of education was significantly associated with accuracy and rationale.

Conclusion
Overall, mean scores on each criterion were relatively lower than in the original English version, which reinforces the importance of using the present normative data when interpreting performance of French speakers who have sustained a traumatic brain injury.
Automatic Speech Recognition Predicts Speech Intelligibility and Comprehension for Listeners With Simulated Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Fontan Lionel , Ferrané Isabelle , Farinas Jérôme , Pinquier Julien , Tardieu Julien , Magnen Cynthia , Gaillard Pascal , Aumont Xavier , Füllgrabe Christian 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to assess speech processing for listeners with simulated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and to investigate whether the observed performance can be replicated using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a system that will assist audiologists/hearing-aid dispensers in the fine-tuning of hearing aids.MethodSixty young participants with normal hearing listened to speech materials mimicking the perceptual consequences of ARHL at different levels of severity. Two intelligibility tests (repetition of words and sentences) and 1 comprehension test (responding to oral commands by moving virtual objects) were administered. Several language models were developed and used by the ASR system in order to fit human performances.ResultsStrong significant positive correlations were observed between human and ASR scores, with coefficients up to .99. However, the spectral smearing used to simulate losses in frequency selectivity caused larger declines in ASR performance than in human performance.ConclusionBoth intelligibility and comprehension scores for listeners with simulated ARHL are highly correlated with the performances of an ASR-based system. In the future, it needs to be determined if the ASR system is similarly successful in predicting speech processing in noise and by older people with ARHL.
In-depth study of moderately young but extremely red, very dusty substellar companion HD 206893B
Authors: Delorme P. , Schmidt T. , Bonnefoy M. , Desidera S. , Ginski C. , Charnay B. , Lazzoni C. , Christiaens V. , Messina S. , D’Orazi V. , Milli J. , Schlieder J. E. , Gratton R. , Rodet L. , Lagrange A.-M. , Absil O. , Vigan A. , Galicher R. , Hagelberg J. , Bonavita M. , Lavie B. , Zurlo A. , Olofsson J. , Boccaletti A. , Cantalloube F. , Mouillet D. , Chauvin G. , Hambsch F.-J. , Langlois M. , Udry S. , Henning T. , Beuzit J.-L. , Mordasini C. , Lucas P. , Marocco F. , Biller B. , Carson J. , Cheetham A. , Covino E. , De Caprio V. , Delboulbe A. , Feldt M. , Girard J. , Hubin N. , Maire A.-L. , Pavlov A. , Petit C. , Rouan D. , Roelfsema R. , Wildi F. 
Published: August 2017

Context. The substellar companion HD 206893b has recently been discovered by direct imaging of its disc-bearing host star with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument.
Aims. We investigate the atypical properties of the companion, which has the reddest near-infrared colours among all known substellar objects, either orbiting a star or isolated, and we provide a comprehensive characterisation of the host star-disc-companion system.
Methods. We conducted a follow-up of the companion with adaptive optics imaging and spectro-imaging with SPHERE, and a multi-instrument follow-up of its host star. We obtain a R = 30 spectrum from 0.95 to 1.64 μm of the companion and additional photometry at 2.11 and 2.25 μm. We carried out extensive atmosphere model fitting for the companions and the host star in order to derive their age, mass, and metallicity.
Results. We found no additional companion in the system in spite of exquisite observing conditions resulting in sensitivity to 6 MJup (2 MJup) at 0.5′′ for an age of 300 Myr (50 Myr). We detect orbital motion over more than one year and characterise the possible Keplerian orbits. We constrain the age of the system to a minimum of 50 Myr and a maximum of 700 Myr, and determine that the host-star metallicity is nearly solar. The comparison of the companion spectrum and photometry to model atmospheres indicates that the companion is an extremely dusty late L dwarf, with an intermediate gravity (log g ~ 4.5–5.0) which is compatible with the independent age estimate of the system.
Conclusions. Though our best fit corresponds to a brown dwarf of 15–30 MJup aged 100–300 Myr, our analysis is also compatible with a range of masses and ages going from a 50 Myr 12 MJup planetary-mass object to a 50 MJup Hyades-age brown dwarf. Even though this companion is extremely red, we note that it is more probable that it has an intermediate gravity rather than the very low gravity that is often associated with very red L dwarfs. We also find that the detected companion cannot shape the observed outer debris disc, hinting that one or several additional planetary mass objects in the system might be necessary to explain the position of the disc inner edge.
The Role of Amplitude Integrated Electroencephalogram in Very Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants: A Literature Review
Authors: Winckler Maria , Bragatti José , Procianoy Renato , Silveira Rita , Magalhães Luiza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeurological sequelae are common in very low-birth-weight preterm infants. The prevention of brain injury and development of neuroprotective strategies have been the main objectives of modern neonatal neurology. Amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a continuous brain monitoring method that can aid in early diagnosis and detect patients who are at risk. While its role in the assessment of full-term newborn infants is already well established, there are still doubts about its use in preterm infants. The objective of this review was to describe the main recommendations for the use of aEEG in very low-birth-weight preterm infants and its accuracy in assessing the prognosis and detecting epileptic seizures in this population.
Preeclampsia
Authors: Ramos José Geraldo Lopes , Sass Nelson , Costa Sérgio Hofmeister Martins 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe authors review hypertensive disease during pregnancy with an academic and practical view, and using the best evidence available. This disease, which is the most important clinical disease in Brazilian pregnant women, may have its incidence reduced with prevention through the use of calcium and aspirin in pregnant women at risk. Previously, it was a disease that presented with hypertension with proteinuria, but it has now been classified with new clinical parameters besides proteinuria. Morbidity and mortality should be reduced in a continental country such as Brazil using protocols for the early treatment of complications by calculating severe outcomes in preeclampsia. The early treatment of acute hypertension, use of magnesium sulfate and early hospitalization in cases of preeclampsia are concepts to pursue the reduction of our pregnant women's mortality.
Effect of Core Training on Trunk Flexor Musculature in Male Soccer Players
Authors: Takai Yohei , Nakatani Miyuki , Akamine Takuya , Shiokawa Katsuyuki , Komori Daisuke , Kanehisa Hiroaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to elucidate the effect of core training on trunk flexor musculature in athletes. Twenty-eight collegiate male soccer players were randomly assigned to three groups: a training group that performed core exercises with wheeled platforms (WP), a training group that performed body mass-based core exercise (BME), and a control group that did not perform core exercise training (CON). WP and BME trained twice a week for 10 weeks. The WP performed 8–14 exercises with wheeled platforms. BME conducted four core exercises to failure. Before and after the intervention, trunk segment lean body mass (LBM) was measured using a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Muscle thicknesses (MTs) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis were determined with an ultrasound apparatus. No significant changes for any measured variables were found in CON. In both training groups, the trunk segment LBM was significantly increased through the intervention. While MT for IO significantly increased in the two training groups, significant increases in MT for RA were found in only WP. For collegiate soccer players, the core training programs adopted here can be effective in increasing trunk segment LBM, but the effectiveness on the trunk flexor muscularity differs between the two training modalities.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing in less than 30 min using direct single-cell imaging
Authors: Baltekin Özden , Boucharin Alexis , Tano Eva , Andersson Dan I. , Elf Johan 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human health. The problem is aggravated by unnecessary and incorrect use of broad spectrum antibiotics. One way to provide correct treatment and slow down the development of antibiotic resistance is to assay the susceptibility profile of the infecting bacteria before treatment is initiated and let this information guide the choice of antibiotic. Here, we present an antibiotic susceptibility test that is sufficiently fast to be used at the point of care. We show that it is possible to determine if a urinary tract infection is caused by resistant bacteria within 30 min of loading a urine sample, even if the bacterial concentration in the urine is very low.
Altering Vertical Placement of Hydroacoustic Receivers for Improved Efficiency in Coldwater Estuary Zones
Authors: Goulette Graham S. , Hawkes James P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Acoustic telemetry is used to study Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar migration ecology and identify mortality zones within estuary systems. Improved detection efficiency helps reduce the uncertainty associated with survival estimates and improves the accuracy of various migration performance metrics. While emigrating salmon smolts and postsmolts are largely surface-oriented, using the top few meters of the water column, literature suggests they may sound to 10 m or deeper, influencing detection probability and therefore survival estimates. We determined the influence of receiver depth on detection efficiency to improve telemetry assessments in our coldwater estuary zones. We found significant differences in total detections with experimental depths. Detection efficiency of transmitters improved as much as 18.3% when receivers were placed on the bottom and by 9.2% when receivers were placed at 20 m versus 10 m depth. In a second portion of our study, we evaluated the influence of depth and several environmental variables on detection efficiency using sentinel transmitters. Receivers placed at 20 m depth had greater detection efficiencies than receivers placed at 10 m depth during increased precipitation and wind speed events and at all tide stages. Our results can be used to improve detection efficiency of tagged, epipelagic Atlantic Salmon smolts in coldwater estuary zones.
Received November 14, 2016; accepted May 24, 2017Published online August 9, 2017
Increased Walleye Egg-to-Larvae Survival following Spawning Habitat Enhancement in a Tributary of Eastern Lake Ontario
Authors: Leblanc John Paul , Brown Brandeis L. , Farrell John M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
To mitigate the effects of sedimentation from surrounding land use, a Newbury weir was installed in Kent's Creek (a tributary of eastern Lake Ontario) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program to enhance spawning habitat for Walleye Sander vitreus. By adding angular crushed limestone, the Newbury weir was designed as an engineered spawning riffle that creates a scouring effect to maintain clean spawning substrate for Walleyes. To evaluate the success of the Newbury weir, we compared rates of egg deposition, egg viability, and larval out-migration between the created spawning riffle and a natural spawning bed for two seasons subsequent to its construction. Spawning Walleyes were found to immediately spawn on the created riffle following construction and demonstrated similar patterns of egg deposition and larval out-migration at both sites each year. When data were pooled between years, significantly higher densities of out-migrating larvae were observed at the Newbury weir despite the finding that significantly more eggs were spawned at the natural site. Considering that egg viability was similar between sites, we deduce that the created riffle had a higher egg-to-larvae survival rate. Our results suggest that the Newbury weir successfully created functional spawning habitat promoting out-migrating larval Walleyes. We anticipate that the created riffle will maintain valuable spawning substrate for Walleyes, but sediments deposited from upstream eroding banks and agricultural land use practices could affect its long-term viability. We recommend that future spawning habitat enhancement projects adopt similar approaches within appropriate fluvial geomorphic settings and additionally consider watershed-scale improvements to enhance Walleye spawning tributaries.
Received March 17, 2017; accepted May 26, 2017 Published online August 9, 2017