bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Bacteremia in Children with Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hancock Asher , Chen Yichen , Chung Hyun Jy , Carrillo Angela K , Faughnan Lane , Staples Courtney , Villegas César A , Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi , Escobedo Griselda , Devidas Meenakshi , Licona Sergio , Mukkada Sheena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacteremia is a common infectious complication among pediatric oncology patients, yet management practices are not standardized. Antibiotic treatment courses as short as seven days are supported by literature and could improve patient quality of life and resource use. However, it is not known if short courses are associated with greater treatment failure in immunocompromised patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, including patients with a laboratory confirmed bloodstream bacterial infection between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Clinical characteristics such as age, gender, type of malignancy, phase of treatment, underlying chronic conditions, and clinical sites of infection were collected. Antibiotics used, duration of therapy, and route of administration were also gathered to examine clinical management. Clinical outcomes were measured by documenting ICU admission, oxygen, fluid and vasopressor requirements, date of hospital discharge, bacteremia recurrence, and mortality.

Results
86 patients contributed 112 bacteremia episodes that met eligibility criteria. Severe neutropenia was present at onset in 68% of all episodes and 32% of patients did not have neutrophil recovery over 500 cells/ml during the episode. Gram-negative organisms accounted for 52% of isolated organisms, with the most common organisms isolated overall being Escherichia coli (19%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), and Viridans group streptococcus (14%). The median length of antibiotic treatment was 12 days. Treatment duration was not associated with oncologic diagnosis or Gram-negative versus Gram-positive infection.

Conclusion
Bacteremia occurs more frequently in patients who are neutropenic, especially those who are severely neutropenic with an absolute neutrophil count less than 500 cells/mL. Treatment duration is not associated with primary cancer diagnosis or type of bacteremia. In this single high resource setting, bloodstream infections resulted in significant morbidity, resource use, and a mortality rate of 8%, highlighting opportunities for investigation to improve clinical practices.
Evaluation of effective strategies in the prevention of chemotherapy induced mucositis among Children
Authors: Safdar Dilnasheen , Panjawani Rehana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Oral mucositis is a frequent side effect of anticancer treatments. It impairs the patient’s quality of life, aggravate clinical condition, increase the risk of infection and can delay anticancer treatment. Health care workers at the NIBD and BMT Karachi, Pakistan emphasize on oral hygiene to prevent such complications for the patients. Proper oral hygiene protocol can reduce the risk of oral ulcers. In this study we have done the evaluation of oral hygiene. At NIBD and BMT among pediatric population are advice to brush their teeth twice a day, use pyodine/ Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouth wash thrice a day followed by application of anti-fungal jell.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from date 8/5/2020 to 11/5/2020 at children hospital. 73 admitted patients were the study using convenient sampling, team approached eligible patients and informed consent was obtained from parents. A standardized questionnaire was then administered in Urdu (Pakistan’s national language).

Results
11% of patients reported that they frequently or always suffered from oral ulcer and use mouth washes for gargles; however 79.5% reported that they rarely or never suffered from oral ulcer and use mouth washes. In contrast, 9.6% patients reported that they rarely or never suffered from oral ulcer and do not use mouth washes, whereas none of the patients who reported that they do not use mouth washes for gargles had suffered from oral ulcer frequently or all the time. 2.7% of the patients experienced oral ulcer frequently or always and brush once in a day, 6.8% experienced oral ulcer frequently or always and brush twice or more in a day and 1.4% don’t brush and suffered from oral ulcer frequently or always. Conversely, 27.4% never or rarely had oral ulcer and brush once in a day, 54.8% never or rarely had oral ulcer and brush twice or more in a day and 6.8% don’t brush and had never or rarely experienced oral ulcer

Conclusion
The use of proper oral hygiene protocol can decrease the risk of chemotherapy induced mucositis. Majority of the patients at NIBD 02 + 103 understand the importance of oral hygiene after their doctor’s Furthermore oral hygiene can decrease levels of oral mucositis and eventually decrease inpatient admissions, delays in treatments and improving the quality of life.
Infection Mortality in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Children
Authors: Sergio Gomez , Cecilia Riccheri , Claudia Ruiz , Alejandra Deana , Cecilia Garbini , Federico Filardi , Estefania Tarsetti , Elena Sossi Maria , Miguela Caniza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare entity in children. The percentage of APL patients is 5-7% of all pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cases; a higher frequency (about 20%) is reported in children of Latino/Hispanic ancestry. The introduction of trans retinoic acid has been crucial for both antileukemic efficacy in APL and for prevention of early deaths. Furthermore, the use of arsenic trioxide (ATO) demonstrated to be highly effective in achieving high cure rates with reduced toxicity. However, there is a paucity of data concerning infection related deaths in APL. The objective was to describe the percentage of infection-related-deaths in APL in children; to describe the event free survival (EFS) and describe other main complications observed.

Methods
We identified 30 patients, as part of the Hospital Alejandro Posadas registry from a single center. We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive analysis. The patients were treated with the GIMEMA-AIDA 2000 protocol (n=23, 76.7%) and 1-LPA pediatrico-18-GALTA/CLEHOP (n=6, 20%). One patient died before treatment was given. The patients were diagnosed between 2000 to 2022. We used frequencies for descriptive variables, Chi2 /Fisher test for categorical data and time to event techniques for survival analysis. Any cause of mortality was extracted and analyzed.

Results
There were 66.7% of males; and median age was 12-year (IQR 8-15). PML-Rar alfa was positive (cytogenetics) in 23 (76.7%); Negative 6 (20%) and failed in 1 patient (3.3%). 100% had positive molecular biology for PML-rarAlfa transcript. Median white cells were 3.35x 109 /l (IQR 1.675-13.25). The patients were classified as high-risk (n=10, 33.3%) and standard risk (n=20, 66.7%). Four patients showed molecular relapse, 2 had CNS and one bone marrow involvement. Three patients died (10%), 2 due to endocranial hemorrhage, 1 as a consequence of complications of a hematological relapse. No patient died due to microbiologically documented infection or febrile neutropenia. With a mean estimated survival time (median not achieved) in years of 17.7 years, (CI 95% 14.6-20.7) the event free survival was 79% (SE 0.75), with 6 events. Cumulative competitive incidence of relapse 14% (SE 0.65).

Conclusion
In patients with APL, we could not find infections as cause of death. The overall results of APL management were very promising.

Figure 1. Event Free Survival Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.
Rhein induces apoptosis of AGS and MGC803 cells by regulating the Ras/PI3K/AKT and p38/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Wan Meiqi , Gan Anna , Dai Jun , Lin Fei , Wang Ruixuan , Wu Bo , Yan Tingxu , Jia Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Rhein is one of the main bioactive compounds in the Polygonaceae plant, and has been proven to have anti-cancer activity in some reports. But the mechanism of Rhein in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) is limited reported. In this research, network pharmacology combined with in vitro experiments was used for systematically studying the mechanism of Rhein.

Methods
Network pharmacology confirmed the major effect signaling pathway and key targets of Rhein in the treatment of GC. Cell viability assay, colony formation assay, fluorescence probe assay, apoptosis assay, western blot and qRT–PCR verified the mechanism of Rhein in the treatment of GC cells (AGS and MGC803 cells).

Key findings
The results showed that Rhein significantly induced the apoptosis process of AGS and MGC803 cells by regulating the Ras/phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and the p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. The AKT activator (SC79) and p38 inhibitor (SB202190) inhibited Rhein-induced apoptosis.

Conclusions
All results proved that Rhein could be recognized as a potential natural drug for the treatment of GC.
tdCoxSNN: Time-dependent Cox survival neural network for continuous-time dynamic prediction
Authors: Zeng Lang , Zhang Jipeng , Chen Wei , Ding Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of dynamic prediction is to provide individualized risk predictions over time, which are updated as new data become available. In pursuit of constructing a dynamic prediction model for a progressive eye disorder, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we propose a time-dependent Cox survival neural network (tdCoxSNN) to predict its progression using longitudinal fundus images. tdCoxSNN builds upon the time-dependent Cox model by utilizing a neural network to capture the nonlinear effect of time-dependent covariates on the survival outcome. Moreover, by concurrently integrating a convolutional neural network with the survival network, tdCoxSNN can directly take longitudinal images as input. We evaluate and compare our proposed method with joint modelling and landmarking approaches through extensive simulations. We applied the proposed approach to two real datasets. One is a large AMD study, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, in which more than 50,000 fundus images were captured over a period of 12 years for more than 4,000 participants. Another is a public dataset of the primary biliary cirrhosis disease, where multiple laboratory tests were longitudinally collected to predict the time-to-liver transplant. Our approach demonstrates commendable predictive performance in both simulation studies and the analysis of the two real datasets.
Oculomotor compressive neuropathy secondary to calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON)
Authors: Alzate-Carvajal Verónica , Madriñán-Navia Humberto Jose , Escobar Luis Alberto , Moreno-Huertas Camilo E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is an uncommon entity and a rare cause of third cranial nerve palsy. We review the case of a 17-year-old male with a 9-month history of progressive left third cranial nerve palsy. Cerebral magnetic resonance image showed a left clinoidal lesion with low signal intensity in T2 and T1 sequences with signs of calcification in the computed tomography and without vascular lesion in AngioMRI. A left pterional approach was performed with posterior clinoidectomy and total resection of the lesion. Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis is an infrequent pathology that presents in the skull base and spine that requires surgical treatment in the presence of compressive phenomena and differential diagnosis as meningioma, chordoma, and metastasis should be considered.
Grain lysine enrichment and improved stress tolerance in rice through protein engineering
Authors: Rathore Ray Singh , Mishra Manjari , Pareek Ashwani , Singla-Pareek Sneh Lata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amino acids are a major source of nourishment for people living in regions where rice is a staple food. However, rice grain is deficient in essential amino acids including lysine. The activity of the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) is crucial for lysine production in higher plants, but it is tightly regulated through feedback inhibition by its end product, lysine, leading to limited activity in the grain and resulting in low lysine accumulation. We identified lysine binding sites in the DHDPS enzyme and introduced key mutations to make DHDPS lysine feedback insensitive. Using in vivo analysis and functional complementation assays, we confirmed that protein engineering of the DHDPS renders it insensitive to lysine. Expression of mutated DHDPS resulted in 29% higher lysine and 15% higher protein accumulation in rice grains than in the wild type. Importantly, the lysine content in transgenic grains was maintained in cooked rice. The transgenic plants also exhibited enhanced stress tolerance along with higher antioxidant levels, improved photosynthesis, and higher grain yield compared to wild-type plants. We have shown that protein engineering of DHDPS in rice can lead to accumulation of lysine in grains and impart abiotic stress tolerance. This approach could improve health in regions with nutrient deficiencies and environmental stressors that challenge food production and human health.
MV-frames
Authors: Nganou Jean B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Each complete MV-algebra is naturally equipped with a structure of a frame. For this reason, we shall call such MV-algebras MV-frames and investigate some of their main frame properties. We completely characterize algebraic MV-frames as well as regular MV-frames. In addition, we consider nuclei on MV-frames in general and on MV-frames of ideals of Łukasiewicz rings in particular. Finally, we use the Chang–Mundici functor to explore the frame structures of complete unital lattice-ordered groups.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 06D35, 06E15, 06D50
Volatile composition of the HD 169142 disc and its embedded planet
Authors: Keyte Luke , Kama Mihkel , Booth Alice S , Law Charles J , Leemker Margot 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The composition of a planet’s atmosphere is intricately linked to the chemical makeup of the protoplanetary disc in which it formed. Determining the elemental abundances from key volatiles within discs is therefore essential for establishing connections between the composition of discs and planets. The disc around the Herbig Ae star HD 169142 is a compelling target for such a study due to its molecule-rich nature and the presence of a newly forming planet between two prominent dust rings. In this work, we probe the chemistry of the HD 169142 disc at small spatial scales, drawing links between the composition of the disc and the planet-accreted gas. Using thermochemical models and archival data, we constrain the elemental abundances of volatile carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. Carbon and oxygen are only moderately depleted from the gas phase relative to their interstellar abundances, with the inner ~60 au appearing enriched in volatile oxygen. The carbon-to-oxygen ratio is approximately solar within the inner disc (~0.5) and rises above this in the outer disc (&gt;0.5), as expected across the H$_2$O snowline. The gas-phase sulfur abundance is depleted by a factor of ~1000, consistent with a number of other protoplanetary discs. Interestingly, the observed SiS emission near the HD 169142 b protoplanet vastly exceeds chemical model predictions, supporting previous hypotheses suggesting its origin in shocked gas or a localized outflow. We contextualize our findings in terms of the potential atmospheric composition of the embedded planet, and highlight the utility of sulfur-bearing molecules as probes of protoplanetary disc chemistry.
Ultraluminous X-ray sources with He star companions
Authors: Li Luhan , Wang Bo , Liu Dongdong , Guo Yunlang , Chen Wen-Cong , Han Zhanwen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are non-nuclear point-like objects observed with extremely high X-ray luminosity that exceeds the Eddington limit of a $\rm 10\, M_\odot$ black hole. A fraction of ULXs has been confirmed to contain neutron star (NS) accretors due to the discovery of their X-ray pulsations. The donors detected in NS ULXs are usually luminous massive stars because of the observational biases. Recently, the He donor star in NGC 247 ULX-1 has been identified, which is the first evidence of a He donor star in ULXs. In this paper, we employed the stellar evolution code mesa (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) to investigate the formation of ULXs through the NS+He star channel, in which a He star transfers its He-rich material onto the surface of an NS via Roche lobe overflow. We evolved a large number of NS+He star systems and provided the parameter space for the production of ULXs. We found that the initial NS+He star systems should have $\sim 0.7\!-\!2.6 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ He star and $\sim 0.1\!-\!2500\, \mathrm{d}$ orbital period for producing ULXs, eventually evolving into intermediate-mass binary pulsars. According to binary population synthesis calculations, we estimated that the Galactic rate of NS ULXs with He donor stars is in the range of $\sim 1.6\!-\!4.0\times 10^{-4}\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$, and that there exist $\sim 7-20$ detectable NS ULXs with He donor stars in the Galaxy.
On the membership of variable stars in Galactic globular clusters: the Oosterhoff gap
Authors: Prudil Z , Arellano Ferro A 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We have performed a critical evaluation of the membership status of all variable stars in globular clusters recorded in the Catalogue of Variable Stars in Globular Clusters (CVSGC) curated by Christine Clement. To this end, we employed the systematic and bulky membership analysis performed by E. Vasiliev and H. Baumgardt based on the proper motions and parallaxes given in Gaia-EDR3. We found numerous variables in the CVSGC which are in fact field stars, which is particularly the case for globular clusters located in the Galactic bulge. Using the newly acquired list of reliable cluster members we examine the Oosterhoff dichotomy present among the Milky Way (MW) globular clusters using their RR Lyrae stars content. We confirm the presence of the Oosterhoff gap, separating both Oosterhoff groups. The Oosterhoff gap is mostly populated by globular clusters associated with MW dwarf galaxies and globular clusters with a low number of fundamental mode RR Lyrae variables. Several of the clusters in the Oosterhoff gap were previously linked to past merger events (e.g. Kraken/Heracles).
HD 28185 revisited: an outer planet, instead of a brown dwarf, on a Saturn-like orbit
Authors: Venner Alexander , An Qier , Huang Chelsea X , Brandt Timothy D , Wittenmyer Robert A , Vanderburg Andrew 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
As exoplanet surveys reach ever-higher sensitivities and durations, planets analogous to the Solar system giant planets are increasingly within reach. HD 28185 is a Sun-like star known to host a $m\sin i=6~M_\mathrm{ J}$ planet on an Earth-like orbit; more recently, a brown dwarf with a more distant orbit has been claimed. In this work, we present a comprehensive re-analysis of the HD 28185 system, based on 22 yr of radial velocity (RV) observations and precision Hipparcos–Gaia astrometry. We confirm the previous characterization of HD 28185 b as a temperate giant planet, with its $385.92^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$ d orbital period giving it an Earth-like incident flux. In contrast, we substantially revise the parameters of HD 28185 c; with a new mass of $m=6.0\pm 0.6~M_\mathrm{ J}$, we reclassify this companion as a super-Jovian planet. HD 28185 c has an orbital period of $24.9^{+1.3}_{-1.1}$ yr, a semimajor axis of $8.50^{+0.29}_{-0.26}$ au, and a modest eccentricity of $0.15\pm 0.04$, resulting in one of the most Saturn-like orbits of any known exoplanet. HD 28185 c lies at the current intersection of detection limits for RVs and direct imaging, and highlights how the discovery of giant planets at $\approx$10 au separations is becoming increasingly routine.
Reversing arrested development: a new method to address halo assembly bias
Authors: Smith William J , Berlind Andreas A , Sinha Manodeep 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Halo assembly bias is a phenomenon whereby the clustering of dark matter haloes is dependent on halo properties, such as age, at fixed mass. Understanding the origin of assembly bias is important for interpreting the clustering of galaxies and constraining cosmological models. One proposed explanation for the origin of assembly bias is the truncation of mass accretion in low-mass haloes in the presence of more massive haloes, called ‘arrested development’. Haloes undergoing arrested development would have older measured ages and exhibit stronger clustering than equal mass haloes that have not undergone arrested development. We propose a new method to test the validity of this explanation for assembly bias and correct for it in cosmological N-body simulations. The method is based on the idea that the early mass accretion history of a halo, before arrested development takes effect, can be used to predict the late-time evolution of the halo in the absence of arrested development. We implement this idea by fitting a model to the early portion of halo accretion histories and extrapolating to late times. We then calculate ‘corrected’ masses and ages for haloes based on this extrapolation and investigate how this impacts the assembly bias signal. We find that correcting for arrested development this way leads to a factor of two reduction in the strength of the assembly bias signal across a range of low-halo masses. This result provides new evidence that arrested development is a cause of assembly bias and validates our approach to mitigating the effect.
An alternative interpretation of magnetars’ traits deduced from the observational data on their outburst fluxes and spectra
Authors: Ardavan Houshang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
By applying the Efron–Petrosian method to the fluxes S and distances D of the magnetars listed in the Magnetar Outburst Online Catalogue, we show that the observational data are consistent with the dependence $S\propto D^{-3/2}$, which characterizes the emission from the superluminally moving current sheet in the magnetosphere of a non-aligned neutron star, at substantially higher levels of significance than they are with the dependence $S\propto D^{-2}$. This result agrees with that previously obtained by an analysis of the data in the McGill Online Magnetar Catalog and confirms that, contrary to the currently prevalent view, magnetars’ X-ray luminosities do not exceed their spin-down luminosities. The X-ray spectra of magnetars, moreover, are congruous with the spectral energy distribution (SED) of a broad-band non-thermal emission mechanism identical to that at play in rotation-powered pulsars: we show that the SED of the caustics that are generated in certain privileged directions by the magnetospheric current sheet single-handedly fits the observed spectra of 4U 0142+61, 1E 1841−045, and XTE J1810−197 over their entire breadths. Magnetars’ outbursts and their associated radio bursts are predicted to occur when, as a result of large-scale timing anomalies (such as glitches, quakes, or precession), one of the privileged directions along which the radiation from the current sheet decays more slowly than predicted by the inverse-square law either swings past or oscillates across the line of sight.