bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Intrastromal MyoRing Implantation performed with the Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Sinitsyn Maksim V , Pozdeyeva Nadezhda A , Pashtayev Nikolai P 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To comparatively analyze the intrastromal MyoRing implantation with femtosecond laser (FL) using the standard and optimized technologies in the experiment and based on the long-term clinical-functional results of the patients with keratoconus (KC) at stages II and III.

Materials and methods
The experimental work was performed on 24 eyes of rabbits. All eyes were divided into six groups according to the method of operation. In the clinical part of the research, the surgical treatment of 70 patients (76 eyes) with KC at stages II and III was done. Depending on the technology of the operation, all patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 29 patients (32 eyes) with KC, in which MyoRing implantation was performed according to the standard, group II consisted of 31 patients (32 eyes) with KC, in which MyoRing implantation was performed according to the optimized technology.

Results
Higher voltage was required for stretching samples of the second group in comparison with the third and the sixth group in comparison with the fifth group. In group I, during the period of 6 to 36 months the surgery reverses keratometry, corneal thickness above the MyoRing, and posterior corneal elevation. In group II, 12 months after surgery the clinical and functional parameters remained stable throughout the period of observation.

Conclusion
Greater reduction in corneal biomechanical stability was observed after formation of the intrastromal pocket in comparison with an intrastromal tunnel; a more pronounced increase in the strength characteristics of the cornea was observed after implantation of the ring in intrastromal pocket, compared with implantation intracorneal segments in intrastromal tunnel, and with increasing depth of intrastromal ring implantation. Application of optimized MyoRing implantation technology compared with standard allows more biomechanical parameters of the cornea to improve and reduce the risk of the ring protrusion.

How to cite this article
Sinitsyn MV, Pozdeyeva NA, Pashtayev NP. Comparative Analysis of the Intrastromal MyoRing Implantation performed with the Femtosecond Laser. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(2):49-57.
Distinction between Early Keratoconus with Normal Vision and Normal Cornea based on Pattern Recognition Analysis
Authors: Vega-Estrada Alfredo , Alio Jorge L , Sanz Pablo , Prieto María J , Cardona Antonio , Maldonado Miguel , Gutierrez Ramon , Barraquer Rafael I , Sádaba Luis M 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
To find the profile that differentiates most normal corneas from early keratoconus with normal vision.

Materials and methods
Multicentric, comparative study including a total of 995 eyes and divided into two groups: 625 eyes suffering from early keratoconus but with normal vision [spectacle corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.9 decimal or better] and 370 normal control eyes with same normal vision level. To ascertain the main differences that would allow the identification of the keratoconic eyes from normals, a pattern recognition analysis was performed combining two statistical methods: Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis. Visual and refractive parameters, corneal topography, aberrometry, and PCA were evaluated in both groups.

Results
The application of the PCA with Varimax rotation offered a total of five factors which explains the 85.51% of the total variability. Discriminant analysis indicated that factors 1 and 3 were at the greatest discriminating capacity. From a total of 318 cases, the newly identified abnormal pattern profile allowed the recognition of 275, which presents a sensitivity and specificity of 71.6 and 97.3% respectively.

Conclusion
In eyes with normal CDVA, those factors related to the nonorthogonal shape irregularity of the cornea and the refractive power are the ones that showed more discriminating capabilities between normal and early keratoconic eyes.

Clinical significance
Principal component analysis allows to correctly discriminate between normal and mild keratoconus patients; additionally, this method is not restricted to a particular corneal topography technology and is available to any normally equipped ophthalmology office.

How to cite this article
Alio JL, Vega-Estrada A, Sanz P, Prieto MJ, Cardona A, Maldonado M, Gutierrez R, Barraquer RI, Sádaba LM. Distinction between Early Keratoconus with Normal Vision and Normal Cornea Based on Pattern Recognition Analysis. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(2):58-66.
Break Beats in the Bronx
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C., Jr. 
Published: January 2018

The origin story of hip-hop—one that involves Kool Herc DJing a house party on Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx—has become received wisdom. But Joseph C. Ewoodzie Jr. argues that the full story remains to be told. In vibrant prose, he combines never-before-used archival material with searching questions about the symbolic boundaries that have divided our understanding of the music. In Break Beats in the Bronx, Ewoodzie portrays the creative process that brought about what we now know as hip-hop and shows that the art form was a result of serendipitous events, accidents, calculated successes, and failures that, almost magically, came together. In doing so, he questions the unexamined assumptions about hip-hop's beginnings, including why there are just four traditional elements—DJing, MCing, breaking, and graffiti writing—and not others, why the South Bronx and not any other borough or city is considered the cradle of the form, and which artists besides Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa, and Grandmaster Flash founded the genre. Ewoodzie answers these and many other questions about hip-hop's beginnings. Unearthing new evidence, he shows what occurred during the crucial but surprisingly underexamined years between 1975 and 1979 and argues that it was during this period that the internal logic and conventions of the scene were formed.
2017/50 Limits on free speech that may defame an employer (CZ)
Authors: Diblíková Anna 
Published: January 2018

2017/50 Limits on free speech that may defame an employer (CZ)
The Czech Supreme Court has given guidance on the limits to employees’ free speech. Employees must not engage in any conduct, even outside working hours, that could actually or potentially damage their employer’s business. Any criticism of an employer must be based on facts and not be misleading or defamatory. Inappropriate or unjustified criticism may lead to immediate termination of employment.
Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Kok Philippe J.R. , Dezfoulian Raheleh , Means D. Bruce , Fouquet Antoine , Barrio-Amorós César L. 
Published: January 2018

The frog Pristimantis marmoratus was originally described as Hylodes marmoratus by George A. Boulenger in 1900 based on a single specimen reported to have been collected at the foot of Mount Roraima in Guyana in 1898. We herein discuss the exact location of the type locality of P. marmoratus and provide a redescription of the species based on new material from Kaieteur National Park and from the slopes of Maringma-tepui in Guyana. We also describe the previously unknown vocalization and breeding ecology of the species, and conducted an exploratory molecular analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Pristimantis represented by the members of the “unistrigatus species group” in the Guiana Shield. Pristimantis marmoratus is a small-sized species mainly distinguished from its known Guiana Shield congeners by the combination of F I < II, SVL ≤ 20.4 in males, presence of vocal slits in males, granular/pustulate dorsal skin with well-developed scapular ridges, basal webbing between fingers, fringes on fingers and toes, crossed iris, diffuse yellow or pale green wash on groin, and absence of flashy colour on axillary/pre-axillary region. The advertisement call consists of a single note repeated at a rate of ca 11 calls/min with a dominant frequency ranging from 2756 to 3101 Hz. Pristimantis marmoratus is primarily arboreal, exclusively active at dusk, and probably restricted to the pristine rainforests of the Pantepui uplands and highlands, east of the Gran Sabana between ca 600 and 1800 m above sea level. Preliminary molecular analyses recovered Pristimantis marmoratus as sister to an unnamed species from the Eastern Guiana Shield. On grounds of the newly established distributional extent we suggest maintaining the IUCN conservation status as Least Concern.
Hunger, rebellion and rage: adapting Villette
Authors: Poore Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the critical fortunes and adaptation history of Charlotte Brontë’s final novel, Villette. It suggests that the critical reappraisal of Villette came too late in the twentieth century for the novel to become canonised in Hollywood film adaptations in the manner of Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights, while at the same time, the innumerable plays and films about the Brontë sisters’ lives have limited the opportunities for adaptations of the Brontës’ other works. This chapter investigates the specific challenges of adapting Villette for the screen, while also considering why, conversely, it has been adapted more frequently for stage and radio. It argues that the solutions that radio and theatre adapters have found can force us into a reassessment of Villette’s power and distinctiveness.
Changing Conceptions of Human Nature
Authors: Maienschein Jane , Maccord Kate 
Published: January 2018

To understand Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein in modern terms, it is useful to go back several millennia to Aristotle’s ideas of what it takes to become fully and normally human. Victor Frankenstein’s creation acts like and is perceived to be a monster. As Aristotle noted millennia ago, a monster is a being that has not developed normally. Victor’s creature definitely did not develop normally, resulting in an incomplete being – something with the structure and material of a living, human type but without having gone through the process of emerging gradually and acquiring all the components to become a whole individual. Perhaps Victor’s own incomplete and imperfect education left him also “monstrous” in some ways and let him create a being and then run away from it before it was complete. Seeing Victor and his creature this way, we also gain insight into current practical and policy assessments about why a developing embryo or fetus is not a fully normal human.
New Archeomagnetic Directional Records From Iron Age Southern Africa (ca. 425–1550 CE) and Implications for the South Atlantic Anomaly
Authors: Hare Vincent J. , Tarduno John A. , Huffman Thomas , Watkeys Michael , Thebe Phenyo C. , Manyanga Munyaradzi , Bono Richard K. , Cottrell Rory D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe paucity of Southern Hemisphere archeomagnetic data limits the resolution of paleosecular variation models. At the same time, important changes in the modern and historical field, including the recent dipole decay, appear to originate in this region. Here a new directional record from southern Africa is presented from analysis of Iron Age (ca. 425–1550 CE) archeological materials, which extends the regional secular variation curve back to the first millennium. Previous studies have identified a period of rapid directional change between 1225 and ∼1550 CE. The new data allow us to identify an earlier period of relatively rapid change between the sixth and seventh centuries CE. Implications for models of recurrent flux expulsion at the core‐mantle boundary are discussed. In addition, we identify a possible relationship of changes recorded in these African data with archeomagnetic jerks.
Upscaling the Coupled Water and Heat Transport in the Shallow Subsurface
Authors: Sviercoski R. F. , Efendiev Y. , Mohanty B. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPredicting simultaneous movement of liquid water, water vapor, and heat in the shallow subsurface has many practical interests. The demand for multidimensional multiscale models for this region is important given: (a) the critical role that these processes play in the global water and energy balances, (b) that more data from air‐borne and space‐borne sensors are becoming available for parameterizations of modeling efforts. On the other hand, numerical models that consider spatial variations of the soil properties, termed here as multiscale, are prohibitively expensive. Thus, there is a need for upscaled models that take into consideration these features, and be computationally affordable. In this paper, a multidimensional multiscale model coupling the water flow and heat transfer and its respective upscaled version are proposed. The formulation is novel as it describes the multidimensional and multiscale tensorial versions of the hydraulic conductivity and the vapor diffusivity, taking into account the tortuosity and porosity properties of the medium. It also includes the coupling with the energy balance equation as a boundary describing atmospheric influences at the shallow subsurface. To demonstrate the accuracy of both models, comparisons were made between simulation and field experiments for soil moisture and temperature at 2, 7, and 12 cm deep, during 11 days. The root‐mean‐square errors showed that the upscaled version of the system captured the multiscale features with similar accuracy. Given the good matching between simulated and field data for near‐surface soil temperature, the results suggest that it can be regarded as a 1‐D variable.
Highly Durable and Active Pt‐Based Nanoscale Design for Fuel‐Cell Oxygen‐Reduction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chung Dong Young , Yoo Ji Mun , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFuel cells are one of the promising energy‐conversion devices due to their high efficiency and zero emission. Although recent advances in electrocatalysts have been achieved using various material designs such as alloys, core@shell structures, and shape control, many issues still remain to be resolved. Especially, material design issues for high durability and high activity are recently accentuated owing to severe instability of nanoparticles under fuel‐cell operating conditions. To address these issues, fundamental understanding of functional links between activity and durability is timely urgent. Here, the activity and durability of nanoscale materials are summarized, focusing on the nanoparticle size effect. In addition to phenomenological observation, two major degradation origins, including atomic dissolution and particle size increase, are discussed related to the activity decrease. Based on the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle degradation, recent promising strategies for durable Pt‐based nanoscale electrocatalysts are introduced and the role of each design for durability enhancement is discussed. Finally, short comments related to the future direction of nanoparticle issues are provided in terms of nanoparticle synthesis and analysis.
A prospective analysis for prevalence of complications in Thai nontransfusion‐dependent Hb E/β‐thalassemia and α‐thalassemia (Hb H disease)
Authors: Ekwattanakit Supachai , Siritanaratkul Noppadol , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, complications in patients with nontransfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT), in particular those with β‐thalassemia intermedia (β‐TI), were found to be significantly different from those in patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT), mainly β‐thalassemia major (β–TM). However, this information is rather limited in other forms of NTDT. In this prospective study, adult Thai NTDT patients were interviewed and clinically evaluated for thalassemia related complications. Fifty‐seven NTDT patients (age 18‐74 years), 59.6% Hb E/β‐thalassemia and 40.4% Hb H disease, were recruited; 26.4% were splenectomized. The most common complications were gallstones (68.4%), osteoporosis (26.3%), and pulmonary hypertension (15.8%). Splenectomy was associated with higher rate of gallstones and serious infection (P = .001 and .052, respectively), consistent with a multivariate analysis (RR = 9.5, P = .044, and RR = 15.1, P = .043, respectively). In addition, a higher hemoglobin level was inversely associated with gallstones in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .01 and .022, respectively). Serum ferritin was associated with abnormal liver function (P = .002). In contrast to the previous study, the prevalence of thrombosis was less common in our population (1.7%), probably due to differences in transfusion therapy, ethnicity, and underlying genotypes. For the first time, this prospective study provided the current prevalence of NTDT related complications in a Southeast Asian population with a different underlying genetic basis compared with previous studies. Although individual prevalence of each complication might differ from other studies, several important clinical factors such as splenectomy, degree of anemia, and iron overload seem to be determining risks of developing these complications consistently across different ethnicities.
Copper‐Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Trifluoromethylation and Difluoroalkylation of Secondary Propargyl Sulfonates
Authors: Gao Xing , Xiao Yu‐Lan , Wan Xiaolong , Zhang Xingang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is challenging to stereoselectively introduce a trifluoromethyl group (CF3) into organic molecules. To date, only limited strategies involving direct asymmetric trifluoromethylation have been reported. Herein, we describe a new strategy for direct asymmetric trifluoromethylation through the copper‐catalyzed stereospecific trifluoromethylation of optically active secondary propargyl sulfonates. The reaction enables propargylic trifluoromethylation with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. The reaction could also be extended to stereospecific propargylic difluoroalkylation. Transformations of the resulting enantiomerically enriched fluoroalkylated alkynes led to a variety of chiral fluoroalkylated compounds, thus providing a useful protocol for applications in the synthesis of fluorinated complexes.
Formation of Acetylene in the Reaction of Methane with Iron Carbide Cluster Anions FeC3− under High‐Temperature Conditions
Authors: Li Hai‐Fang , Jiang Li‐Xue , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Liu Qing‐Yu , Zhang Ting , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe underlying mechanism for non‐oxidative methane aromatization remains controversial owing to the lack of experimental evidence for the formation of the first C−C bond. For the first time, the elementary reaction of methane with atomic clusters (FeC3−) under high‐temperature conditions to produce C−C coupling products has been characterized by mass spectrometry. With the elevation of temperature from 300 K to 610 K, the production of acetylene, the important intermediate proposed in a monofunctional mechanism of methane aromatization, was significantly enhanced, which can be well‐rationalized by quantum chemistry calculations. This study narrows the gap between gas‐phase and condensed‐phase studies on methane conversion and suggests that the monofunctional mechanism probably operates in non‐oxidative methane aromatization.
Die enantioselektive Totalsynthese von Bischinolizidin‐Alkaloiden: Ein modularer “Inside‐Out”‐Zugang
Authors: Scharnagel Dagmar , Goller Jessica , Deibl Nicklas , Milius Wolfgang , Breuning Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCharakteristisch für Bischinolizidin‐Alkaloide ist ein chirales Bispidin‐Kerngerüst (3,7‐Diazabicylo[3.3.1]nonan), an das Kombinationen aus einem α,N‐anellierten 2‐Pyridon, endo‐ oder exo‐α,N‐anellierten Piperidin(on)en und einem exo‐Allylsubstituenten angebracht sind. Wir entwickelten eine modulare “Inside‐Out”‐Strategie, die einen Zugang zu den meisten Vertretern dieser Naturstoffklasse erlaubt. Ihr Anwendungspotential wurde anhand der asymmetrischen Synthese von 21 Bischinolizidin‐Naturstoffen demonstriert, darunter mehr als zehn enantioselektive Erstsynthesen. Schlüsselschritte sind die erste erfolgreiche Herstellung beider Enantiomere von C2‐symmetrischem 2,6‐Dioxobispidin durch Desymmetrisierung einer 2,4,6,8‐Tetraoxo‐Vorstufe, der Aufbau des α,N‐anellierten 2‐Pyridons über eine Enamin‐Bromacrylsäure‐Strategie und die Einführung von endo‐ oder, wahlweise, exo‐anellierten Piperidin(on)en.
Stable superhydrophobic surface based on low‐density polyethylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer thermoplastic vulcanizate
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Zou Hongmei , Shao Yalong , Wang Zhaobo 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTStable superhydrophobic surface based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) was successfully fabricated by using etched aluminum foil as template. The etched aluminum template consisted of micropores and step‐like textures, was obtained by the metallographic sandpaper sanding and the subsequent acid etching. The surface morphology and hydrophobic properties of the series molded TPV surfaces were researched by varying the weight ratio of the LDPE/EPDM TPV. The superhydrophobic LDPE/EPDM TPV surfaces exhibited the microstructures consisting of step‐like textures obtained via molding with etched aluminum template and a large number of fiber‐like structures resulted from the plastic deformation of LDPE matrix. The obtained TPV (LDPE/EPDM weight ratio = 70/30) surface exhibited the remarkable superhydrophobicity, with a contact angle of 152.0° ± 0.7° and a sliding angle of 3.1° ± 0.8°. The molded TPV surface had excellent environmental stability when the pH of water solution was in the range of 1 to 14; moreover, the surface also showed the excellent resistance to various organic solvents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46241.
Potential of Advanced Nano‐structured Membranes for Landfill Leachate Treatment: A Review
Authors: Dabaghian Zoheir , Peyravi Majid , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Rad Ali Shokuhi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRapid expansion of the world population has brought about serious water shortage problems in many countries around the world, especially developing countries. Treatment of leachate produced by landfilling municipal waste has recently been the focus of attention by both researchers and governments. This work therefore has been dedicated to comprehensively review all membrane separation techniques applied in leachate treatment and to introduce innovative modification of membranes in commercial applications. As reported in the literature, ultrafiltration membranes are the most common membranes that are made by commercial polyethersulfone, polysulfone, and poly (vinylidene fluoride) in full and pilot scale of MBR process. However, membrane fouling is an important drawback in the membrane processes. Towards this end, most emphasis has been given to the membrane modification by commercial membrane‐forming polymers as a cost‐effective technique of tailoring membranes for large‐scale industrial applications and to increase hydrophilicity and fouling‐resistant properties.