bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mice Can Use Second-Order, Contrast-Modulated Stimuli to Guide Visual Perception
Authors: Khastkhodaei Zeinab , Jurjut Ovidiu , Katzner Steffen , Busse Laura 
Published: April 2016

Visual processing along the primate ventral stream takes place in a hierarchy of areas, characterized by an increase in both complexity of neuronal preferences and invariance to changes of low-level stimulus attributes. A basic type of invariance is form-cue invariance, where neurons have similar preferences in response to first-order stimuli, defined by changes in luminance, and global features of second-order stimuli, defined by changes in texture or contrast. Whether in mice, a now popular model system for early visual processing, visual perception can be guided by second-order stimuli is currently unknown. Here, we probed mouse visual perception and neural responses in areas V1 and LM using various types of second-order, contrast-modulated gratings with static noise carriers. These gratings differ in their spatial frequency composition and thus in their ability to invoke first-order mechanisms exploiting local luminance features. We show that mice can transfer learning of a coarse orientation discrimination task involving first-order, luminance-modulated gratings to the contrast-modulated gratings, albeit with markedly reduced discrimination performance. Consistent with these behavioral results, we demonstrate that neurons in area V1 and LM are less responsive and less selective to contrast-modulated than to luminance-modulated gratings, but respond with broadly similar preferred orientations. We conclude that mice can, at least in a rudimentary form, use second-order stimuli to guide visual perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo extract object boundaries in natural scenes, the primate visual system does not only rely on differences in local luminance but can also take into account differences in texture or contrast. Whether the mouse, which has a much simpler visual system, can use such second-order information to guide visual perception is unknown. Here we tested mouse perception of second-order, contrast-defined stimuli and measured their neural representations in two areas of visual cortex. We find that mice can use contrast-defined stimuli to guide visual perception, although behavioral performance and neural representations were less robust than for luminance-defined stimuli. These findings shed light on basic steps of feature extraction along the mouse visual cortical hierarchy, which may ultimately lead to object recognition.
Comparación de la eficiencia del método de optimización BFGS en C, OX y R para un modelo de regresión no lineal
Authors: Rondón Poveda Luz Marina 
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se presenta una comparación de la eficiencia del método de optimización no linealBFGS cuando es aplicado usando los programas C, Ox y R. Esta comparación se realiza al evaluar el desempeño del método BFGS cuando es usado para obtener las estimativas de máxima verosimilitud de los parámetros de un modelo de regresión no lineal con errores de distribución normal. La eficiencia del método se estudia usando algunas medidas como, por ejemplo, el número promedio de evaluaciones de la función y de la derivada de la función requeridas para la convergencia del método.Estas medidas se obtienen usando simulación de Monte Carlo.
Implementación de cartas de control en el paquete estadístico R para el monitoreo de procesos en media con datos autocorrelacionados
Authors: Gonzáles Joaquín , Zambrano Alex 
Published: April 2016

Las cartas de control estadístico son gráficos que dentro del control de proceso estadístico permiten monitorear la(s) característica(s) de calidad de un proceso industrial o de servicios y son ampliamente usadas en la actualidad. Para la implementación de las cartas usuales se asume que las observaciones no presentan una estructura de autocorrelación, pero en la práctica esta condición es violada con frecuencia. La presencia de autocorrelación tiene un serio impacto sobre el incremento sustancial en la frecuencia de falsas alarmas en dichas cartas. En los últimos 20 años, varias propuestas de cartas de control se han presentado teniendo en cuenta la estructura de autocorrelación en los datos para su construcción. En este artículo se presenta la construcción y comparación en forma ilustrativa de dos de dichas propuestas, una dada por AR1988 basada sobre los residuales del modelo tipo ARMA que mejor se ajuste a los datos, y la otra dada por MONT2 basada sobre la estadística EWMA, con el objeto de que sirvan como instrumento de enseñanza y aprendizaje de este tipo de cartas, ya que paquetes especializados en control estadístico de la calidad no tienen implementadas estas cartas. Tal es el caso del paquete estadístico R, el cual es usado en este trabajo para la programación e implementación de las cartas mencionadas.
Diseños óptimos bayesianos para estimación de parámetros en farmacocinética
Authors: Cardona Johnatan , López Víctor Ignacio , Correa Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2016

En farmacologíia, particularmente en el campo farmacocinético, el interés fundamental es estudiar la concentración de un medicamento en plasma. En esta área usualmente se tienen modelos de tipo no lineal dadas las características particulares de administración del medicamento. Desde el enfoque bayesiano, el objetivo de construir diseños óptimos sujetos a una funcióon de utilidad es maximizar la utilidad esperada asociada a algún funcional de interés para el investigador. En este trabajo se realiza una caracterización de los diseños óptimos obtenidos a través de dos funciones de utilidad asociadas a un criterio de optimalidad bayesiano (D-optimalidad bayesiano), para estimar en forma óptima los parámetros de dos modelos no lineales: 1) modelo monocompartimental con tasa de absorción y eliminación, 2) modelo bicompartimental con tasas de eliminación y absorción reversibles para el segundo compartimiento, ambos modelos bajo el supuesto de normalidad en los errores. Dicha caracterización se realizó vía simulación y con el fin de maximizar la función de utilidad se recurrió a la evolución diferencial.
Cow's Milk Allergy and Bone Mineral Density in Prepubertal Children
Authors: Mailhot Genevieve , Perrone Vanessa , Alos Nathalie , Dubois Josée , Delvin Edgard , Paradis Louis , Des Roches Anne 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Recent data suggest that cow’s milk allergy (CMA) has become more persistent, prolonging treatment via strict elimination of cow’s milk products into a period of skeletal growth. The objectives of this study were to compare bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D status, and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D between prepubertal children with persistent CMA and those with non–cow’s milk food allergies (NCMA) as control subjects and to assess the use of and compliance to calcium and vitamin D supplementation among children with persistent CMA.

METHODS:
Fifty-two children with persistent CMA and 29 with NCMA were recruited. BMD was measured by using dual energy radiograph absorptiometry, and vitamin D status was assessed by using plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Calcium and vitamin D intakes, as well as compliance to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, were recorded.

RESULTS:
Lumbar spine BMD z scores were significantly lower in children with CMA. Low bone mass was detected in 6% of the CMA group compared with none in the NCMA group. Children with CMA displayed significantly lower calcium intakes than control subjects. Vitamin D status was not reduced in children with CMA compared with control subjects. Fewer than one-half of children with CMA reported the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements. However, adherence was high among supplement users, with a mean compliance rate of 5.5 days per week.

CONCLUSIONS:
These prepubertal children with persistent CMA had lower lumbar spine BMD z scores than children with NCMA, which likely resulted from lower calcium intake.
Supplying the energy demand in the chicken meat processing poultry with biogas
Authors: Ferrarez Adriano Henrique , Oliveira Filho Delly , Lacerda Filho Adílio Flauzino , Costa José Márcio , Aparisi Fabrício Segui 
Published: April 2016

<p>The main use of electrical energy in the chicken meat processing unit is refrigeration. About 70% of the electricity is consumed in the compressors for the refrigeration system. Through this study, the energetic viability of using biogas from poultry litter in supplying the demand for the refrigeration process was found. The meat processing unit studied has the potential to process about a hundred and sixty thousand chickens a day. The potential biogas production from poultry litter is 60,754,298.91 m3.year-1. There will be a surplus of approximately 8,103MWh per month of electric energy generated from biogas. An economic analysis was performed considering a planning horizon of 20 years and the discount rate of 12% per year. The economic analysis was performed considering scenario 1: sale of all electricity generated by the thermoelectric facility, and scenario 2: sale of the surplus electricity generated after complying with the demands of the refrigeration process and all other electrical energy and thermal energy use. Economic indicators obtained for scenarios 1 and 2 were favorable for the project implementation.</p>
UTILIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS ORNAMENTAIS COMO NOVOS INDICADORES NATURAIS ÁCIDO-BASE NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Uchôa Valdiléia Teixeira , Lima Antônio Mardonio Marques de , Carvalho Filho Rothchild Sousa de Morais , Assis Jairo Borges de 
Published: April 2016

A química é uma disciplina de caráter teórico-prática, mas vem sendo praticamente repassada na base de teoria, podendo acarretar desinteresse dos alunos. Isso acontece pela falta de estrutura e materiais laboratoriais nas escolas para a realização das práticas. Tal problema pode ser solucionado com a utilização de materiais alternativos para a realização das aulas praticas. A utilização de indicadores naturais ácido-base é uma proposta que vem sendo bastante trabalhada. Os indicadores naturais são substâncias que possuem extratos ricos em antocianinas, apresentando coloração diferente dependendo do meio reacional que sejam inseridas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do extrato aquoso de duas plantas ornamentais a Allamanda cathartica L. e a Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. como novos indicadores naturais ácido-base, comparando sua potencialidade com extrato da beterraba (Beta vulgaris L) e do repolho roxo (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) descritos na literatura. Este estudo começou com a extração do extrato das flores da alamanda-amarela e das folhas do louro variegado, testando em soluções de pH com variação de 1 a 14. Para o teste de estabilidade foram acondicionados 2 amostras de cada extrato: uma a 0 ºC (período de 30 dias) e a 25 ºC (período de 5 e 10 dias). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma boa eficácia dos novos indicadores, apresentando uma estabilidade térmica significativa em comparação com os já presentes na literatura, sendo uma alternativa de fácil aquisição e baixo custo para serem usados nas práticas do conteúdo de ácido-base da disciplina química na Educação Básica.
NUEVO ALGORITMO MULTICLASIFICADOR PARA FLUJOS DE DATOS CON CAMBIOS DE CONCEPTO
Authors: Ramírez Tasé Ramón Osmany , Cabrera Alberto Verdecia , Ortiz Díaz Agustín Alejandro , Blanco Isvani Frías 
Published: April 2016

Los algoritmos multiclasificadores se han mostrado particularmente eficientes para trabajar sobre espacios de datos grandes y complejos como los llamados flujos de datos. En estos flujos, durante la clasificación, aparecen conceptos que cambian con el tiempo, por lo que los métodos para su minería, sobre todo los que detectan y se adaptan a estos cambios, son importantes por su aplicación en áreas como: bioinformática, medicina, economía y finanzas, industria, medio ambiente, entre otras. La presente investigación propone un nuevo algoritmo multiclasificador que se adapta a los cambios de conceptos, tiene votación ponderada con una nueva forma para ajustar los pesos y permite variar el tipo de clasificador básico. El algoritmo fue implementado en compatibilidad y bajo las exigencias del entorno de trabajo MOA (Massive Online Analysis) facilitando la comparación con otros algoritmos conocidos y la generación de bases de datos sintéticas que simulan cambios de conceptos. Para la experimentación se generaron experiencias bajo conceptos artificiales conocidos, tales como: SEA, LED, STAGGER e Hiperplano; logrando mostrar la alta capacidad de adaptación y la estabilidad del algoritmo frente a diferentes situaciones simuladas.
AS POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR EM NATAL-RN (1957-1964)
Authors: Barbosa Junior Walter Pinheiro , Pinheiro Rossana Kess Brito , Marques Berenice Pinto 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo analisa as políticas de educação no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, entre os anos de 1957 e 1964. Ao mesmo tempo busca uma reflexão sobre os modos como tais políticas foram elaboradas e executadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Natal numa perspectiva da Educação Popular. Assumimos uma abordagem qualitativa, contemplando análise documental, bibliográfica, utilizando elementos do paradigma indiciário no viés da História Cultural. A pesquisa evidenciou que o processo histórico existenciado em várias dimensões pela sociedade natalense, em meados do século XX, floresceu a partir de três raízes: a) participação e diálogo entre a prefeitura e a população natalense; b) construção e reconstrução das práticas pedagógicas priorizando, em seus programas de ação, a alfabetização para todos; c) democratização da cultura. Essas raízes transformaram a Cidade de Natal, durante os sete anos da administração Djalma Maranhão em uma cidade educadora e as políticas educacionais elaboradas e executadas pela equipe dessa gestão em políticas de educação popular.
Fostering Mathematical Creativity by Teaching Logically Precisely Reasoning at the Grade Two
Authors: Grabauskienė Vaiva , Mockaitytė-Rastenienė Oksana 
Published: April 2016

In this article, the teaching of mathematical reasoning in the primary school is being analysed through the scope of mathematical creativity and their interconnections are being explained in more detail. Also, a construct of mathematical creativity is being defined. The logic of an empirical research is based on an idea that the lack of knowledge in mathematical syntax and, especially, incomprehension of semantic suppress the mathematical creativity. Wherefore, an analysis of content and number of children mistakes may let observe how the learning environment influences mathematical creativity.
Methods: written survey, classical teaching experiment, content analysis. For the teaching of mathematical reasoning, the original purposefully created system of mathematical activities was used, based on a principle concrete-pictorial-abstract. The total number of researching type exercises done by children in an experimental class was thirteen, and the exercises were from different fields of mathematics.
The previously mentioned method of teaching mathematics resulted in decrease in overall mistakes done by the children and it reached a one third. The changes in proportion between syntax and semantic mistakes were evident. After the experiment, the experimental class made as half as less semantic mistakes, in comparison to the control class. This indicated that learning by researching promoted mathematical creativity in children.
Dietary Intake, Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors among Women from Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households
Authors: Sharpe Patricia A , Whitaker Kara , Alia Kassandra A. , Wilcox Sara , Hutto Brent 
Published: April 2016

<p> </p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: Determine whether macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake, and psychosocial and behavioral factors are associated with household food security.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design:</strong> Baseline data from in-person interviews and telephone-based, 24-hour dietary recall from women recruited to a diet and physical activity controlled trial. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Neighborhoods encompassing 18 urban census tracts in South Carolina.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Participants:</strong> Participants (n=202) were predominantly African American (87%), overweight or obese women aged 25 to 51 years with mean body mass index of 40.6±8.7.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main Outcomes Measures:</strong> Macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake (via multi-pass, 24-h recall); diet-related self-efficacy and social support,<br />healthy/lowfat and emotional eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><br /><strong>Results:</strong> Women in food-secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) households were not different on health and sociodemographic characteristics. Women in FI households had lower self-efficacy and healthy/low-fat eating<br />behaviors, and higher emotional eating and depressive symptoms compared with women in FS households. The groups did not differ on social support. Significant dietary differences were few (FS&gt;FI on protein<br />and lean meat; FS&lt;FI on carbohydrate intake). For 29 of 35 (74%) dietary intake recommendations, less than 75% of women in both groups met each recommendation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> While food security status was associated with diet-related psychosocial and behavioral factors, it was associated with few aspects of dietary intake. Dietary intake overall was poor. Participants were not meeting guidelines for a diet supportive of general health or weight loss and management, regardless of food security status <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2016;26(2):139-146; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.139</p>
Children as Co-ethnographers of their Plurilingual Literacy Practices: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Prasad Gail 
Published: April 2016

Interdisciplinary childhood researchers have begun to advocate a shift from conducting research about children to engaging children themselves in the research process. In this article, I reflect on issues and insights that arose while working with grade 5 students as ethnographers of their own language and literacies practices over the course of a six-month transformative multiliteracies classroom intervention in a French school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. I describe this initial exploratory case study as a way of provoking discussion on ways we may re-envision plurilingual multiliteracies research with children as co-researchers.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI SIMMENTAL PERANAKAN ONGOLE DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP JUMLAH KEPEMILIKAN PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Sahala Josua 
Published: April 2016

<p class="Default"><em>This study was done to determine the financial feasibility of beef cattle fattening and the factors affecting on amount of cattle ownership of small scale farmer in Karanganyar District. The location quotient (LQ) selected were Jenawi, Jatiyoso and Mojogedang sub-districts. Sampling respondents were determined by purposive sampling of 40 SimPO cattle farmers. Survey method was adopted to collect the primary data from respondents and the secondary data from relevant offices. The criteria for feasibility analysis was net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), followed by payback period of credit (PPC) and break event point (BEP). Multiple regression linear analysis was used to determine the factors that influence the number of cattle ownership. The results of analysis showed that financially SimPO cattle fattening with a period of 5 years and a discount factor of 12%/year was feasible. Regression analysis showed that there were positive effects (P&lt;0.01) of agricultural land, beef cattle business experience and the number of labour on the number of beef cattle ownership. It was concluded that SimPO cattle fattening in Karanganyar was feasible. </em></p><p class="Default"><em>(Key words: Break event point, Fattening, Simmental Ongole Crossbred cattle, Financial analysis, Multiple regresion linear analysis, Small scale farmer)</em></p><p class="Default"><em> </em></p>
Improved Accuracy of Component Positioning with Robotic-Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bell Stuart W. , Anthony Iain , Jones Bryn , MacLean Angus , Rowe Philip , Blyth Mark 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Higher revision rates have been reported in patients who have undergone unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty, with poor component positioning identified as a factor in implant failure. A robotic-assisted surgical procedure has been proposed as a method of improving the accuracy of component implantation in arthroplasty. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial was to evaluate the accuracy of component positioning in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty comparing robotic-assisted and conventional implantation techniques.

Methods:
One hundred and thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either a robotic-assisted surgical procedure using the MAKO Robotic Interactive Orthopaedic Arm (RIO) system or a conventional surgical procedure using the Oxford Phase-3 unicompartmental knee replacement with traditional instrumentation. A postoperative computed tomographic scan was performed at three months to assess the accuracy of the axial, coronal, and sagittal component positioning.

Results:
Data were available for 120 patients, sixty-two who had undergone robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and fifty-eight who had undergone conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Intraobserver agreement was good for all measured component parameters. The accuracy of component positioning was improved with the use of the robotic-assisted surgical procedure, with lower root mean square errors and significantly lower median errors in all component parameters (p < 0.01). The proportion of patients with component implantation within 2° of the target position was significantly greater in the group who underwent robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with the group who underwent conventional unicompartmental knee arthroscopy with regard to the femoral component sagittal position (57% compared with 26%, p = 0.0008), femoral component coronal position (70% compared with 28%, p = 0.0001), femoral component axial position (53% compared with 31%, p = 0.0163), tibial component sagittal position (80% compared with 22%, p = 0.0001), and tibial component axial position (48% compared with 19%, p = 0.0009).

Conclusions:
Robotic-assisted surgical procedures with the use of the MAKO RIO lead to improved accuracy of implant positioning compared with conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty surgical techniques.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.