bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey on the perception of urology as a specialty by medical students
Authors: Kim Soojin , Farrokhyar Forough , Braga Luis H. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Upon inquiring with medical students and urologists across Canada, it is evident that urology is perceived as a maledominant specialty, among other stereotypes. These misperceptionsmay hamper the recruitment of the best and brightest trainees. With that in mind, we surveyed medical students at our institution to obtain an objective assessment of their perception of urology andto determine the cause for misperceptions.Methods: A 25-factor, validated, anonymous, cross-sectional, selfreported, electronic survey was sent to all medical students at McMaster University to assess their perception of urology. The survey was piloted among students and educational leaders to optimize face and content validity, and minimize measurement bias. Six variables (years in training, role model, a family member or friend in urology, gender, and exposure) were selected a priori and entered into a logistic regression model to determine factors associated with a positive impression of the specialty.Results: The overall response rate was 70%. Of the respondents, 66% had no exposure to urology and 61% found the amount of exposure to be inadequate. Urology staff and resident involvement in education was considered to be poor by over 30% of medical students. Over 70% perceived urology to be a specialty with a great gender imbalance. On multivariate analysis, exposure to urology was the most important factor (p<0.001) associated with students’ positive perception of the specialty, in addition to male gender, earlier years in training, and positive role models.Conclusions: Concerns regarding inadequate urology exposure and poor staff and resident involvement in undergraduate education were seen as potential causes for misperceptions of the specialty. Increasing exposure to urology, encouraging female students, constant effort to approach senior students, and providing mentorship are found to be important factors in establishing a positive perception of urology.
Subcritical Hopf Equilibrium Points in Boundary of the Stability Region
Authors: Gouveia Jr Josaphat Ricardo Ribeiro , Amaral Fabíolo Moraes , Alberto Luís Fernando Costa 
Published: October 2016

A complete characterization of the boundary of the stability region of a class of nonlinear autonomous dynamical systems is developed admitting the existence of Subcritical Hopf nonhyperbolic equilibrium points on the boundary of the stability region. The characterization of the stability region developed in this paper is an extension of the characterization already developed in the literature, which considers only hyperbolic equilibrium point. Under the transversality condition, it is shown the boundary of the stability region is comprised of the stable manifolds of all equilibrium points on the boundary of the stability region, including the stable manifolds of the subcritical Hopf equilibrium points of type k, with 0<=k<=(n-2), which belong to the boundary of the stability region.
Klein maar fijn?
Authors: Veenendaal Wouter 
Published: October 2016

Good things come in small packages? The effects of a small state size on politics and democracy
Whereas the six Dutch islands in the Caribbean all have a (very) limited population size, analyses of political problems on the islands rarely seem to take the variable of state size into account. The available academic literature demonstrates that the population size of states has a strong influence on the quality of democratic governance, although scholars disagree on the question whether smallness is an asset or an obstacle to democratic development. After a discussion of this theoretical literature, the present article proceeds with a presentation of field research in three small island states (St. Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, and Palau) in which the political consequences of a limited population size are analyzed. This analysis reveals that a number of size-related effects can be observed in all three examined island states, among which a tendency to personalistic competition, strong polarization between parties and politicians, particularistic relationships between voters and their representatives, and a dominant position of the political executive vis-à-vis other institutions. A subsequent analysis of the contemporary political situation on the Dutch Caribbean islands shows that the observed problems also play a role on these islands, which indicates that smallness is perhaps of greater significance than is now often supposed.
Veranderend lokaal gezag
Authors: Karsten Niels , Jansen Thijs 
Published: October 2016

Changing sources of authority for mayors and aldermen
The traditional authority of mayors and aldermen is readily challenged. Formal positions do no longer constitute authority. For that reason, new political repertoires are being sought after and are being developed by local political-executive leaders. This article analyses and compares the sources of authority for mayors and aldermen: how can they develop, maintain, and strengthen their authority? It develops an innovative typology of sources of authority. A distinction is made between institutional, positional, and personal sources of authority. The model is applied to the mayors and aldermen in relation to relevant socio-political developments that affect the two offices. It is found that the authority of mayors rests on institutional sources of authority more so than that of aldermen. For the latter, positional and personal sources of authority are more important. At the same time, personal sources of authority have become very important for mayors as well as aldermen. The results call upon mayors and aldermen’s skills and competences to develop personal authority through persuasion.
De Collectieve Horeca Ontzegging: uitsluiting uit de publieke ruimte?
Authors: Schuilenburg Marc , van Steden Ronald 
Published: October 2016

The Collective Pub Ban: Excluded from Public Space?
The article provides a theoretical and empirical analysis of the Night Time Economy and how the Collective Pub Ban is applied in three Dutch cities: Utrecht, Amersfoort and Den Bosch. The Collective Pub Ban is a measure taken in the Netherlands in an effort to make pubs, bars and clubs co-responsible for maintaining security. Depending on the severity of the conduct, an offender can be denied of entry to these venues for five years. During this period, the offender is not allowed to enter the particular pub or any of the other pubs, bars and clubs that participate in this measure. On the basis of 84 interviews, we show how these venues fill out their new responsibilities with respect to the Collective Pub Ban-measure. Also, we answer the question what this new measure means for the quality of the public space.
Het ongrijpbare onbehagen
Authors: de Ruiter Dieneke , Zuure MSc Jasper 
Published: October 2016

The intangible discontent
Since Pim Fortuyn, discontent has become a central issue in public and political debates in the Netherlands. The government tries to ban out all risks and polarisation between citizens, because it fears this will have a destabilising impact on society. However, these measures do not seem to decrease discontent. In this article, we analyse why discontent so persistently keeps dominating debates. We argue that it is prominently and continuously expressed due to the position of opinion polls and the interaction between politicians, journalists and citizens and due to the platform that social media offer. But meanwhile, means to convert discontent into constructive, collective action are diminishing. As a result we continuously gather superficial information about people’s discontent. In order not to hinder constructive debates with this kind of information, as happens in current political discussions, different and more detailed information about the public opinion is needed. Politicians and researchers should make a more clear distinction between discontent itself and the incapacity of citizens to deal with it. Moreover, a revitalisation of the role of civil organisations is important to channel discontent.
Door het glazen plafond
Authors: Merens Ans , Henderikse Wilma , Pouwels Babette 
Published: October 2016

Cracking the glass ceiling: towards effective initiatives to raise the number of women at the top
Although in many Western European countries women have entered the workforce in large numbers this has not resulted in an equal representation in senior positions. Little is known about how organizational policies could be changed and what initiatives have proven to be effective in raising the number of women in the top of organizations. This article examines the effectiveness of measures taken by organizations to increase the number of women in senior management positions. We have reviewed literature regarding the effects of various types of measures on realizing more women in senior positions. The outcomes of this literature review have been used as a framework for an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of measures taken by companies. Data from the Charter Talent to the Top show that adopting a broad range of measures at the strategic level leads to a higher share of women in senior management positions. HR instruments and communication strategies also affect the proportion of women at the top. More specifically, facilitating flexible work options, external communication about the organization’s diversity goals, and increasing women’s visibility within the organization all have positive effects on the share of women in the top.
De therapeutische werking van slachtofferdeelname aan het strafproces
Authors: Kunst Maarten 
Published: October 2016

The therapeutic impact of victim participation in the criminal justice process: A critical reflection from a psychological trauma perspective
Under the influence of international law, procedural rights for crime victims have been enormously expanded in the Netherlands in the last decades. Legislators often assume that such rights may have a therapeutic impact on those who use them. This paper discusses the course and nature of psychological problems which may arise in the aftermath of crime victimization to nuance this assumption. The author argues that participation in criminal justice procedures is most likely to have a positive impact on crime victims’ emotional well-being during the first weeks post victimization. Positive experiences with the criminal justice system during this phase may prevent some victims from developing significant mental health problems, because the course of this period determines whether one returns to pre-victimization levels of psychological functioning or not. Victims who still suffer psychologically from the effects of the crime afterwards will only benefit from professional mental health interventions. The author substantiates his argumentation with findings from a recent systematic literature review.
De democratische vertegenwoordiging van cliënten en patiënten bij de decentralisaties
Authors: Van de Bovenkamp Hester , Vollaard Hans 
Published: October 2016

Democratic representation of clients and patients in the decentralisation process
Citizen participation is firmly on the agenda of many Western policy makers. Numerous opportunities for individuals to participate in public decision-making have been created. However, few citizens use these opportunities. Those who do are often the highly educated, white, middle and upper classes that also tend to dominate other democratic spaces. Opportunities to become active can increase inequalities in terms of whose voices are heard in public decision-making. This fundamentally challenges the central democratic value of equality. Nevertheless, others can represent the interests of those who remain silent. Using the concept of representative claim this paper explores a variety of forms of representation (electoral, formal non-electoral and informal self-appointed) in the domain of social policy which is currently decentralized in the Netherlands. We conclude that especially informal self-appointed representatives such as medical professionals, churches and patient organizations can potentially play an important role in representing groups who often remain unheard in the public debate. They can therefore play an important role in ensuring the democratic quality of the decentralization process.
Bevlogen en begrensd
Authors: van Ostaaijen Julien 
Published: October 2016

Inspired and bounded. The role of local politicians behind the screens of the local elections
The Dutch voters have little interest in local politics and are not aware of the political activities that take place behind the screens of the local elections. However, compared to the many people with little interest in local elections, there is a small group of people, the local politicians, that is very much involved in it. The central research question in this article is: How do the local (political) processes and activities related to the municipal elections of 2014, from the campaign to the coalition negotiations, look like and develop? The question is answered by systematically looking at the local election programmes, the local candidates, the local election campaign, the electoral results and coalition formation, and the role of non-local actors. The conclusion is presented in five images of the local/municipal elections: the local election as a quest for attention, the local election as a search for differences, the local election as the national election’s little brother, the local election as an interference in coalition negotiations, and the local election as a spectacle provided by local enthusiasts.
Vroeger voor vandaag
Authors: Boele Anita , van Dixhoorn Arjan , van Houwelingen Pepijn 
Published: October 2016

Past-present comparisons for practical applications
In this article we explore how and under what circumstances present-past comparisons can be used to find solutions to current social issues. We argue that meaningful comparisons can not only be made between countries or groups within countries, rather, comparisons between current and past societies too can enrich our thinking about pressing social problems. We search for the conditions under which such comparisons are possible without undermining the professional skills, epistemological and methodological insights of the various disciplines. Learning from the past calls for an in-depth study of present problems and the historical (role) model alike, with historians and social and political scientists cooperating in teams. We propose a five-step-method: (1) diagnosing the social issue, (2) tracing comparable historical practices that might offer solutions, (3) distilling these practices from their historical contexts, (4) massaging the ‘historical’ practices into the diagnosed present-day context through an imaginative exercise, and (5) implementing these solutions into everyday life through forms of experiment.
Professioneel vermogen
Authors: Noordegraaf Mirko , van Loon Nina , Heerema Madelon , Weggemans Marit 
Published: October 2016

Professional coping. Proactive responses by public professionals
Professional services such as educational services, are increasingly managed and optimized in order to improve performances. Performances of students, teachers and school (boards) are measured and evaluated. Increasingly, rules and systems focus on outputs and control. Consequently, the ‘freedom’ of professionals such as teachers is reduced, or is perceived and felt to be reduced. There have been growing debates on the problematic effects of performance pressures. Often, public professionals are seen as ‘defenseless victims’ of systems and pressures – they are ‘professionals under pressure’. In this paper, we introduce a more positive way of understanding professionals and professional action in changing contexts. We see professionals such as teachers as ‘active agents’ who can develop and regain control over their own situation. Professionals can deliver quality, in spite of bureaucratic burdens and managerial intrusions. We call this ability professional capability: ‘the ability to proactively deal with work-related expectations, tasks and burdens in dynamic stakeholder environments’. This paper combines research on public administration, organizational sociology and occupational psychology, to generate a more productive understanding of proactive coping of professionals in public domains. We define and operationalize professional capacity, we explore sources and effects, and we develop hypotheses for further research.
Naar een oplossing voor het afwikkelen van massaclaims op de financiële markten: inzichten uit een responsieve evaluatie
Authors: van Hattum Bonne , Loeber Anne 
Published: October 2016

How to effectively resolve mass disputes on financial markets? Insights from a responsive evaluation
The discussion on how to resolve mass disputes stemming from faulty financial products among banks, insurance companies and other stakeholders in the Netherlands ended in deadlock. While diligent action is considered imperative, parties shy away from discussing options for settling damages suffered by consumers for fear of triggering mass claims themselves. To contribute to a new framework for resolving mass disputes, a responsive evaluation was conducted between 2011 and 2015. In such evaluation, the way stakeholders make sense of the situation serves as an organizing principle in knowledge production. This article discusses the methodical challenges implied in adapting the methodological guidelines for such inquiry to fit the ill-structured, controversial and complex legal issue and its highly politicized context. Because of a careful handling of confidentiality in the inquiry and a focused selection of participants on the basis of their proximity to the issue, the evaluation resulted in insight in options for resolving mass disputes that are supported by various parties. Furthermore, the evaluation itself served, it is argued, as a vehicle to overcome the deadlock by sensitizing stakeholders to the fact that they all aspire similar practical objectives and all acknowledge the need for cooperation on the issue.
Het verband tussen publiek belang en ontwerp bij het internet der dingen
Authors: Den Butter Frank , Den Butter Gijs 
Published: October 2016

The relationship between public interest and design in the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things generates a wealth of data (big data) about personal behaviour, which can be used for marketing purposes. It brings about both benefits and costs in terms of societal welfare. Various forms of government intervention are needed to safeguard the public interests associated with these welfare effects. These public interest relate, on the one hand, to public availability of data and information, to repairing informational asymmetries, and on the other hand to providing personal security and privacy protection. This article discusses, from the perspective of the principal/agent approach to regulation, how the design of applications and systems in the Internet of Things can best be shaped. The example of the smart thermostat Toon® of the Dutch energy provider Eneco shows how an intensive collaboration between designers and software engineers may contribute to both proper data protection and to provide an incentive to save energy.
De zoektocht naar goed bestuur
Authors: Smulders Remco , de Graaf Gjalt , Huberts Leo 
Published: October 2016

The quest for good governance. An analysis of colliding values in the public sector
In the public as well as the semi-public sector numerous codes of good governance have been written. Although theses codes clearly lay down which public values must be the foundation of our administration, our newspapers often show examples of bad governance. It is striking that these codes mostly just picture an ideal, but do not give insight in tough considerations. In this article the authors show that different public values mentioned in codes are all worth pursuing as such, but that they in practice collide with each other. The manner in which administrators, managers and executives cope with such dilemmas, determines public opinion on good governance. Two cases have been researched: a municipality and a hospital. Through a Q-research six value patterns are demonstrated to exist in these cases. In addition (through interviews) the authors have discovered which values exactly collide in the cases, and which strategies are used to cope with collisions of values.
Hoe word je wethouder? Een onderzoek naar de transparantie en het democratisch gehalte van de wethoudersvoordracht
Authors: van Ostaaijen Julien 
Published: October 2016

How to become an alderman? A research into the transparency and democratic quality of the nomination for alderman
This article addresses the question how aldermen are selected and nominated and how this process is related to a number of democratic values like popular influence and transparency. The central question is how one becomes an alderman in the Netherlands. To answer this central question a document analysis has been carried out and 137 interviews with aldermen have been held in 77 municipalities that were selected on geographical dispersion and number of inhabitants. The research shows that the process until the appointment of aldermen is little transparent and democratic for the outside world. In the large majority of the cases aldermen are asked an nominated from within a political party. The road to becoming an alderman is not closed, in principle everyone can become an alderman, but it is also not transparent and accessible for everyone. For this the selection and nomination is too much tied up to and decided in political party networks. However, gradually changes occur in this closed party bastion, because now parties more often are forced to look for suitable candidates outside the party.
Arrest Jetair: wanneer brengt een maatregel het resultaat van de richtlijn in gevaar?
Authors: Haket Sim 
Published: October 2016

Arrest Jetair: wanneer brengt een maatregel het resultaat van de richtlijn in gevaar?
Het arrest Jetair van het Hof van Justitie wordt in deze bijdrage bestudeerd met het oog op de in het arrest Inter-Environnement Wallonie HvJ EG 18 december 1997, zaak C-129/96, Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL/Région wallonne, ECLI:EU:C:1997:628. Zie voor een bespreking van dit arrest o.a. S.F. Blockmans, ‘Inter-Environnement Wallonie: nieuw stuk in de puzzel van artikel 5 EG’, NTER 1998, p. 84, waarin ook de relatie tussen de onthoudingsplicht en staatsaansprakelijkheid wordt besproken en C.W.A. Timmermans, ‘Zaak C-129/96 Inter-Environnement Wallonie’, SEW Tijdschrift voor Europees en economisch recht 1998, p. 476. ontwikkelde verplichting voor lidstaten om zich gedurende de omzettingstermijn van een richtlijn te onthouden van maatregelen die het door deze richtlijn voorgeschreven resultaat ernstig in gevaar kunnen brengen. In de analyse van het arrest ga ik in op de relatie tussen de onthoudingsplicht en rechtstreekse werking en wordt in kaart gebracht welke verplichtingen de onthoudingsplicht op welke momenten voor lidstaten bevat. Jetair laat vooral zien dat voor de beoordeling of een maatregel het door de richtlijn voorgeschreven resultaat ernstig in gevaar kan brengen voor sommige richtlijnbepalingen naar de richtlijndoelstellingen moet worden gekeken, terwijl dit voor andere richtlijnbepalingen niet het geval is.HvJ EU 13 maart 2014, zaak C-599/12, Jetair NV en BTW-eenheid BTWE Travel4you/FOD Financiën, ECLI:EU:C:2014:144.