bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling outcomes of de jure and de facto community‐based management of natural resources
Authors: Agarwala Meghna , Ginsberg Joshua R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe systematically reviewed the literature on the tragedy of the commons and common‐property resources. We segregated studies by legal management regimes (de jure regimes) and management that develops in practice (de facto regimes) to understand how the structure of regime formation affects the outcome of community management on sustainability of resource use. De facto regimes, developed within the community, are more likely to have positive impacts on the resource. However, de facto regimes are fragile and not resilient in the face of increased population pressure and unregulated markets, and de facto management regimes are less successful where physical exclusion of external agents from resources is more difficult. Yet, formalization or imposition of de jure management regimes can have complicated impacts on sustainability. The imposition of de jure regimes usually has a negative outcome when existing de facto regimes operate at larger scales than the imposed de jure regime. In contrast, de jure regimes have largely positive impacts when the de facto regimes operate at scales smaller than the overlying de jure regimes. Formalization may also be counterproductive because of elite capture and the resulting de facto privatization (that allows elites to effectively exclude others) or de facto open access (where the disenfranchised may resort to theft and elites cannot effectively exclude them). This underscores that although the global movement to formalize community‐management regimes may address some forms of inequity and may produce better outcomes, it does not ensure resource sustainability and may lead to greater marginalization of users. Comparison of governance systems that differentiate between initiatives that legitimize existing de facto regimes and systems that create new de facto regimes, investigations of new top‐down de jure regimes, and studies that further examine different approaches to changing de jure regimes to de facto regimes are avenues for further inquiry.
The caudolaterally inserted transposition flap and its variations for reconstruction of defects of the nasal ala
Authors: Felcht Moritz 
Published: August 2017

SummaryClosure of non‐full‐thickness defects of the nasal ala can be a surgical challenge. While there is a plethora of various reconstructive techniques, not all of them are easy to learn and carry out. Recently, the dermatosurgeon Andreas Lösler from the Department of Dermatology at the Hornheide Medical Center, Germany, developed and published the caudolaterally inserted transposition flap for the reconstruction of alar defects. Given its relative novelty, this technique, which is characterized by a very low complication rate, is still unknown to most dermatosurgeons and has not yet found its way into standard dermatosurgery textbooks. The present review describes the caudolaterally inserted transposition flap and two modifications thereof, which allow for the closure of large alar defects as well as defects of the alar crease. Comparisons are made to the two flaps most commonly employed for alar reconstruction, the bilobed flap and the cranially inserted nasolabial transposition flap (melolabial flap).
Kant on space, time, and respect for the moral law as analogous formal elements of sensibility
Authors: Tizzard Jessica 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo advance a successful reading of Kant's theory of motivation, his interpreter must have a carefully developed position on the relation between our rational and sensible capacities of mind. Unfortunately, many of Kant's commentators hold an untenably dualistic conception, understanding reason and sensibility to be necessarily conflicting aspects of human nature that saddle Kant with a rigoristic and fundamentally divided moral psychology. Against these interpreters, I argue for a reading that maintains a unified conception, claiming that we must think of reason and sensibility as interdependent capacities, which stand to one another as form to matter. Our sensible nature thus does not stand opposed to reason; its fundamental character is determined by reason's activity. I take Kant's account of moral motivation and the feeling of respect to represent the lynchpin of this unified account. Against interpreters who would emphasize either the intellectual or affective nature of respect, I claim that it should be understood as the formal element of moral sensibility, the result of practical reason determining the capacity to feel and fundamentally transforming its character. To make this argument, I draw on Kant's account of sensibility in the Critique of Pure Reason, claiming that space, time, and respect for the moral law are analogous formal elements of sensibility.
Internal Migration in Mexico: Consolidation of Urban–Urban Mobility, 2000–2015
Authors: Pérez‐Campuzano Enrique , Castillo Ramírez Guillermo , Galindo Pérez Mateo Carlos 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInternal migration has been recognized as the major influence in terms of population redistribution across urban systems, but it is not a homogeneous phenomenon. Within the context of internal rural‐urban migration decline and the negative changes in migratory balances in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, the core of enquiry in this paper is the approach to growth and consolidation of an internal urban–urban migration system in the early twenty‐first century (2000–2015). This process has taken place through two main networks, among metropolitan areas not corresponding to the principal city and among intermediate cities. Internal migration is a complex process that involves both individual and spatial characteristics and which leads to spatially uneven development in the long term. Data from three censuses of the population of Mexico (2000, 2010, and 2015) show a transition to a more urban–urban migration pattern, with skilled migrants tending to have metropolitan and urban destinations, whereas less‐skilled migrants prefer rural and small urban destinations.
Specific mutations of penicillin‐binding protein 1A in 77 clinically acquired amoxicillin‐resistant Helicobacter pylori strains in comparison with 77 amoxicillin‐susceptible strains
Authors: Kwon Yong Hwan , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Nayoung , Park Ji Hyun , Nam Ryoung Hee , Lee Sun Min , Kim Jin‐Wook , Kim Jung Mogg , Park Jong Youn , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAmoxicillin (Amx) is one of the most important antibiotics for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Main determinants of genetically stable Amx resistance are mutations in the C‐terminus of penicillin‐binding protein 1A (pbp1A). However, contribution of individual mutation remains unclear.Methods77 Amx‐resistant (AmxR) and 77 Amx‐susceptible (AmxS) H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric tissues, and DNA sequencing was performed to compare C‐terminus sequences of pbp1A gene between AmxR and AmxS strains. Natural transformation of these mutated genes into amoxicillin‐susceptible strains was performed.ResultsAmong many mutations in pbp1A, D479E (OR: 37.4, 95% CI: 5.53‐252.49, P < .001), and T593 mutation (OR: 32.0, 95% CI: 4.04‐252.86, P < .001) independently contributed to Amx resistance in H. pylori strains. In the transformation experiment, T593 mutations were identified in their transformants showing Amx resistance. However, PCR product of D479E was not inserted into recipient (ATCC 43504) resulting in transformation failure.ConclusionAmx resistance is associated with various substitutions in pbp1A and T593 mutation contributes to Amx resistance of H. pylori.
Material practices for meaningful engagement: An analysis of participatory learning and action research techniques for data generation and analysis in a health research partnership
Authors: O'Reilly‐de Brún Mary , de Brún Tomas , O'Donnell Catherine A. , Papadakaki Maria , Saridaki Aristoula , Lionis Christos , Burns Nicola , Dowrick Chris , Gravenhorst Katja , Spiegel Wolfgang , Van Weel Chris , Van Weel‐Baumgarten Evelyn , Van den Muijsenbergh Maria , MacFarlane Anne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe material practices which researchers use in research partnerships may enable or constrain the nature of engagement with stakeholder groups. Participatory learning and action (PLA) research approaches show promise, but there has been no detailed analysis of stakeholders’ and researchers’ experiences ofPLAtechniques for data generation and co‐analysis.ObjectivesTo explore stakeholders’ and researchers’ experiences ofPLAtechniques for data generation and co‐analysis.DesignTheEU RESTOREimplementation science project employed a participatory approach to investigate and support the implementation of guidelines and training initiatives (GTIs) to enhance communication in cross‐cultural primary care consultations. We developed a purposeful sample of 78 stakeholders (migrants, general practice staff, community interpreters, service providers, service planners) from primary care settings in Austria, England, Greece, Ireland and The Netherlands. We used speed evaluations and participatory evaluations to explore their experiences of twoPLAtechniques—Commentary Charts and Direct Ranking—which were intended to generate data for co‐analysis by stakeholders about theGTIs under analysis. We evaluated 16RESTOREresearchers’ experiences using interviews. We conducted thematic and content analysis of all evaluation data.ResultsPLACommentary Charts and Direct Ranking techniques, with their visual, verbal and tangible nature and inherent analytical capabilities, were found to be powerful tools for involving stakeholders in a collaborative analysis ofGTIs. Stakeholders had few negative experiences and numerous multifaceted positive experiences of meaningful engagement, which resonated with researchers’ accounts.ConclusionPLAtechniques and approaches are valuable as material practices in health research partnerships.
A coproduced patient and public event: An approach to developing and prioritizing ambulance performance measures
Authors: Irving Andy , Turner Janette , Marsh Maggie , Broadway‐Parkinson Andrea , Fall Dan , Coster Joanne , Siriwardena A. Niroshan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is recognized as an important component of high‐quality health services research. PPI is integral to the Pre‐hospital Outcomes for Evidence Based Evaluation (PhOEBE) programme. The PPI event described in detail in this article focusses on the process of involving patients and public representatives in identifying, prioritizing and refining a set of outcome measures that can be used to support ambulance service performance measurement.ObjectiveTo obtain public feedback on little known, complex aspects of ambulance service performance measurement.DesignThe event was codesigned and coproduced with the PhOEBE PPI reference group and PhOEBE research team. The event consisted of brief researcher‐led presentations, group discussions facilitated by the PPI reference group members and electronic voting.Setting and participantsData were collected from eighteen patient and public representatives who attended an event venue in Yorkshire.ResultsThe results of the PPI event showed that this interactive format and mode of delivery was an effective method to obtain public feedback and produced a clear indication of which ambulance performance measures were most highly favoured by event participants.Discussion and conclusionsThe event highlighted valuable contributions the PPI reference group made to the design process, supporting participant recruitment and facilitation of group discussions. In addition, the positive team working experience of the event proved a catalyst for further improvements in PPI within the PhOEBE project.
The History of Childhood and the Emotional Turn
Authors: Olsen Stephanie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe rapid emergence and consolidation of the history of emotions has already demonstrated the usefulness of the field of study in upending established historical narratives. While a heterodoxy of approaches still dominates the field, until recently, these approaches have been dominantly adult focused. This essay highlights recent work in the history of childhood and youth, questioning that focus and providing a multiplicity of ways to combine the history of childhood and the history of emotions, with a view to both the changing emotional prescriptions and proscriptions of childhood and to children's emotional experiences. I argue that the history of childhood might also influence the study of the history of emotions, adding greater range and depth of analysis as well as asking probing questions of the most important theoretical contributions to that field. To that end, the essay analyses the usefulness of new theoretical tools: ‘emotional formations’ and ‘emotional frontiers’.
A Study of Local Incorporation of Migrant Professionals in Wroclaw
Authors: Jaskulowski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the patterns of local incorporation of migrant professionals in an urban context. It focuses on Wrocław, a Polish city that is not a traditional migration destination. Drawing on qualitative research, the article analyses migrant trajectories of local incorporation in the context of their reasons for relocation, experiences and perspectives. The article shows the irrelevance of ethnic networks for local incorporation. It demonstrates the role played by the workplace and the Internet, which allows forming sociabilities based on commonalities and shared interests, irrespective of cultural differences. It also shows the inconsistency of the city's policies and calls for policy revision. The article concludes that Wroclaw's policy seems not to correspond with the specificity of professional migration. It is argued that the city's policy is based on sedimentary and assimilationist logic that does not take into account migrants’ reasons for relocation and perspectives.
Stratification of Skewed Populations: A Comparison of Optimisation‐based versus Approximate Methods
Authors: Hidiroglou Michael A. , Kozak Marcin 
Published: August 2017

SummarySurvey statisticians use either approximate or optimisation‐based methods to stratify finite populations. Examples of the former are the cumrootf (Dalenius & Hodges,) and geometric (Gunning & Horgan,) methods, while examples of the latter are Sethi () and Kozak () algorithms. The approximate procedures result in inflexible stratum boundaries; this lack of flexibility results in non‐optimal boundaries. On the other hand, optimisation‐based methods provide stratum boundaries that can simultaneously account for (i) a chosen allocation scheme, (ii) overall sample size or required reliability of the estimator of a studied parameter and (iii) presence or absence of a take‐all stratum. Given these additional conditions, optimisation‐based methods will result in optimal boundaries. The only disadvantage of these methods is their complexity. However, in the second decade of 21st century, this complexity doesnotactually pose a problem. We illustrate how these two groups of methods differ by comparing their efficiency for two artificial populations and a real population. Our final point is that statistical offices should prefer optimisation‐based over approximate stratification methods; such a decision will help them either save much public money or, if funds are already allocated to a survey, result in more precise estimates of national statistics.
The enhancement of combination of berberine and metformin in inhibition of DNMT1 gene expression through interplay of SP1 and PDPK1
Authors: Zheng Fang , Wu JingJing , Tang Qing , Xiao Qian , Wu WanYin , Hann Swei Sunny 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBerberine (BBR), one of active alkaloid found in the rhizome, exhibited anti‐cancer properties. We have showed that BBR inhibited growth of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐mediated increase in forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). However, the in‐depth mechanism underlying the anti‐tumor effects still remained to be elucidated. Herein, we further confirmed that BBR not only induced cell cycle arrest, but also reduced migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we observed that BBR reduced 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDPK1) and transcription factor SP1 protein expressions. Exogenously expressed SP1 overcame BBR‐inhibited PDPK1 expression. Moreover, BBR inhibited DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene expression and overexpressed DNMT1 resisted BBR‐inhibited cell growth. Intriguingly, overexpressed PDPK1 antagonized BBR‐inhibited SP1 and DNMT1 expressions. Finally, metformin enhanced the effects of BBR both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we observe that BBR inhibits proliferation of NSCLC cells through inhibition of SP1 and PDPK1; this results in a reduction of DNMT1 expression. The interplay of PDPK1 and SP1 contributes to the inhibition of DNMT1 in response to BBR. In addition, there is a synergy of BBR and metformin. This study uncovers a new mechanism of BBR in combination with metformin for NSCLC‐associated therapy.
Adding C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin to the model of end‐stage liver disease score improves mortality prediction in patients with complications of cirrhosis
Authors: Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Bunraksa Worawan , Chaiprasert Amnart , Punpanich Dollapas , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Kamath Patrick S 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aims to determine the performance of models adding C‐reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) to the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score for mortality prediction in patients hospitalized with complications of cirrhosis.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out in consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted with complications of cirrhosis between September 2012 and December 2013 at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. All patients had venous CRP, PCT, and laboratory values for MELD score calculation measured at emergency room or admission. Cox regression analysis and the c‐statistic were used to predict mortality. The MELD‐CRP score was externally validated in 818 eligible patients from Mayo Clinic, Rochester, using data from 1288 cirrhotic patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014.ResultsA cohort of 177 patients with cirrhosis was admitted during the study period. Seventy‐one patients were eligible for analysis. The MELD score was predictive of 90‐day mortality odds ratio (OR) 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.32). Adding CRP and/or PCT to the MELD score improved the predictive of 90‐day mortality: MELD‐CRP OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.66–4.99); MELD‐PCT OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.66–4.99); MELD‐CRP‐PCT OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.67–4.92). The c‐statistics for MELD, MELD‐CRP, MELD‐PCT, and MELD‐CRP‐PCT were 0.81, 0.83, 0.84, and 0.85, respectively. Adding CRP and/or PCT to the MELD score also improved 30‐day mortality prediction. Similar results for the MELD‐CRP score were obtained from the Mayo Clinic external validation cohort.ConclusionThe MELD‐CRP, MELD‐PCT, and MELD‐CRP‐PCT scores may be superior to the MELD score alone in predicting mortality in patients hospitalized with complications of cirrhosis.
The Spanish path of agrarian change, 1950–2005: From authoritarian to export‐oriented productivism
Authors: Clar Ernesto , Martín‐Retortillo Miguel , Pinilla Vicente 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine whether the evolution of Spain's agrarian change, between 1950 and 2005, exhibits any features important enough to differentiate it from the common model of developed countries in Western Europe. On the one hand, the Spanish agrarian transformations share the main features of the changes in Western Europe: technological innovation, increased production and productivity, the diminishing importance of the agricultural sector, close integration with the industrial sector, and a high environmental impact. On the other hand, a series of important peculiarities can be observed in Spain's agrarian change: strong expansion of intensive livestock farming; the role of increased irrigation in explaining the transformation of agriculture; policies that offered very little support to the agricultural sector under a dictatorship that denied a voice to farmers; and the prominent role of agriculture in the economy despite its small contribution to GDP.
Do Economics Departments Improve after They Appoint a Top Scholar as Chairperson?
Authors: Goodall Amanda H. , McDowell John M. , Singell Larry D. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThere has been almost no research into what makes an effective chairperson in a university department. This paper constructs a historical longitudinal dataset on economics departments in 58 US research universities. It documents evidence that a department's research output tends to improve substantially when the incoming department Chair is himself or herself an outstanding scholar (in particular, is highly cited). The analysis adjusts for a set of other possible influences, including the standing of the department, university resources, the previous Chair, the trend in the department's productivity, and time‐lags. Possible interpretations, and implications for future research, are discussed.
The valuation of American options in a multidimensional exponential Lévy model
Authors: Klimsiak Tomasz , Rozkosz Andrzej 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe consider the problem of valuation of American options written on dividend‐paying assets whose price dynamics follow a multidimensional exponential Lévy model. We carefully examine the relation between the option prices, related partial integro‐differential variational inequalities, and reflected backward stochastic differential equations. In particular, we prove regularity results for the value function and obtain the early exercise premium formula for a broad class of payoff functions.
Isolation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from freshwater algae using different extraction methods
Authors: Fabrowska Joanna , Messyasz Beata , Szyling Jakub , Walkowiak Jędrzej , Łęska Bogusława 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYUsually marine algae are an excellent source of pigments for different commercial sectors. Freshwater macroalgae can be exploited as a good source of biologically active compounds provided an appropriate extraction method is developed. The efficiency of four methods, like microwave‐assisted (MAE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with ethanol as a co‐solvent, as well as conventional Soxhlet extraction were studied in the same conditions (time, solvent and temperature) for the recovery of chlorophylls and carotenoids from three freshwater green algae species: Cladophora glomerata, Cladophora rivularis and Ulva flexuosa. UV‐Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoid content in obtained extracts. The results of this study showed that the advantages of novel extraction techniques (MAE and UAE) include higher yield and, in consequence, lower costs compared to traditional solvent extraction techniques. These methods were much more efficient in freshwater green algae pigment recovery than the classic Soxhlet extraction as well as SFE.