bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Spin Channels in SrCoO3 through Trigonal‐to‐Cubic Structural Transformation for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reactions
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Wang Mingyue , Chen Zezhi , Cao Chaojie , Li Zhixuan , Xue Ruichang , Fu Yang , Johannessen Bernt , Tadich Anton , Yi Jiabao , Fan Hua , Wang Nana , Jia Baohua , Li Xiaoning , Ma Tianyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR) play crucial roles in energy conversion processes such as water splitting and air batteries, where spin dynamics inherently influence their efficiency. However, the specific contribution of spin has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we intentionally introduce a spin channel through the transformation of trigonal antiferromagnetic SrCoO2.5 into cubic ferromagnetic SrCoO3, aiming to deepen our understanding of spin dynamics in catalytic reactions. Based on the results from spherical‐aberration‐corrected microscopy, synchrotron absorption spectra, magnetic characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that surface electron transfer is predominantly governed by local geometric structures, while the presence of the spin channel significantly enhances the bulk transport of spin‐polarized electrons, particularly under high current densities where surface electron transfer is no longer the limiting factor. The overpotential for OER is reduced by at least 70 mV at 150 mA cm−2 due to the enhanced conductivity from spin‐polarized electrons facilitated by spin channels, with an expectation of even more significant reductions at higher current densities. This work provides a clearer picture of the role of spin in oxygen‐involved electrocatalysis, providing critical insights for the design of more efficient catalytic systems in practical applications.
Nuclear parcellation of pontine catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons in gray parrots and pied crow brains
Authors: Mazengenya Pedzisai , Manger Paul R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmploying immunohistochemical procedures with antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase we identified and mapped the locus coeruleus complex (LoC) and the pontine laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmental (PPN) cholinergic nuclei in the brains of a Congo gray parrot, a timneh gray parrot, and a pied crow. The LoC and LDT/PPN are centrally involved in the regulation and generation of different sleep states, and as all birds studied to date show both REM and non‐REM sleep states, like mammals, we investigated whether these noradrenergic and cholinergic nuclei in the avian pons shared anatomical features with those in the mammalian pons. The LoC was parcellated into 3 distinct nuclei, including the locus coeruleus (A6), subcoeruleus (A7), and the fifth arcuate nucleus (A5), while distinct LDT and PPN nuclei were revealed. Several similarities that allow the assumption of homology of these nuclei between birds and mammals were revealed, including their location relative to each other and other structures within the pontine region, as well as a specific degree of topographical overlap of the noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons. Despite this, some differences were noted that may be of interest in understanding the differences in sleep between birds and mammals. Further anatomical and physiological studies are needed to determine whether these pontine nuclei in birds play the same role as in mammals, as while the homology is apparent, the functional analogy needs to be revealed.
Investigation of the biological removal of nickel and copper ions from aqueous solutions using mixed microalgae
Authors: Geraei Hadis , Shokrkar Hanieh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of mixed microalgae offers an effective solution for the management of contamination risks in cultivation while enhancing economic viability. In this study, mixed microalgae were used for the first time for the removal of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of the adsorbents were examined thoroughly, and the adsorption process was assessed using isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Particle size, concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH were among the variables assessed. The findings demonstrated that, at an initial concentration of 100 mg L–1 and a pH of 6, the maximum adsorption of Cu with a particle size of 1 mm (90.20%) took place in 60 min. The highest adsorption rate (78.25%) was found for Ni. Microalgae performed best over 180 min at room temperature and at pH values that promoted metal dissolution. The removal percentages of wet and dried microalgae were comparable, and the wet adsorbent was more economical. It was feasible to remove both metals at the same time. Up to three cycles of adsorbent reuse were possible, with sodium hydroxide treatment offering superior removal to hydrochloric acid. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that this process, which results in a disordered state, is exothermic and spontaneous.
Sons and daughters of foster carers: Exposure to risk and harm
Authors: Tatton Allison 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildren who are looked after by the state are some of the most vulnerable in society and have usually experienced neglect, abuse and other trauma. As a result of their experiences, many exhibit challenging and/or aggressive behaviour. Currently, in England, around 68% of the children entering the care system are placed with foster carers, many of whom also have their own children living in the home. This study used narrative interviews to gain the views of the biological children of foster carers about their experience of being brought up in a fostering family. Twelve participants aged 18 and 54 were recruited using convenience and snowballing sampling strategies. Findings revealed that the foster carers own children and fostered children often developed close relationships and that fostered children frequently shared detailed accounts of the abuse they had experienced before entering care. Knowledge of the abuse often left the carers' own children both troubled and in a dilemma about what to do with the information. They also revealed that some of the foster carers' own children had been abused by their foster siblings and had chosen not to disclose this information to their parents or others. Several of the participants expressed ongoing feelings of distress when discussing their experiences and those of their foster siblings, which raises questions about how best to support this important group of children and young people.
Exploring Consumer Participation in Brand Metaverse Communities, Focusing on the Metaverse Features—Fantasy Experiences and Self‐Expansion
Authors: Yoon Namhee , Choi Dooyoung , Lee Ha Kyung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn light of brands entering the metaverse, understanding consumer behavior in these virtual spaces becomes crucial. This study aims to explore how consumers' intentions to engage in building brand communities within the metaverse are influenced by their fantasy experiences in the brands' virtual stores where consumers are immersed in sensory‐rich, imaginative digital environments. By applying self‐expansion theory to brand–consumer relationships and the concept of temporarily expanding the boundary of the self through consumer metaverse experiences, this research examines the mediating role of self‐expansion in the relationship between fantasy experiences and brand community intentions. A total of 196 responses were collected among Zepeto users through consumer panels. Data were analyzed using AMOS 23.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and the Process macro in SPSS 23.0 for mediation and moderation analysis. Findings reveal direct positive effects of fantasy experiences on consumers' intentions to participate in metaverse brand communities. Users deeply engaged in the metaverse's fantasy experience could expand the sense of self, fostering active contributions to brand community activities. The study also investigates the influences of prior experiential activities in the metaverse, showing that prior engagement enhances the effects of fantasy experiences on self‐expansion. Among users with prior metaverse experiential activities, fantasy experiences exert more significant influences on self‐expansion, driving higher intentions to participate in brand communities.
Identification and characterization of NMNAT1 gene mutations in an Iranian patient with Leber congenital amaurosis 9
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Sheikh‐Hosseini Motahareh , Mohammadi‐Asl Misagh , Al‐Badran Adnan Issa , Roghani Mojdeh , Mohammadi‐Asl Javad , Jorfi Kamele 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe discovery of compound heterozygous NMNAT1 mutations (c.245T>C; p.Val82Ala and c.575A>G; p.Asp192Gly) provides a genetic explanation for Leber congenital amaurosis 9 in an Iranian patient. The proband's symptoms—including severe visual impairment, nystagmus, night blindness, and retinal degeneration—align with Leber congenital amaurosis 9 clinical features. This case underscores the value of exome‐sequencing in diagnosing rare genetic disorders and highlights its role in guiding personalized genetic counseling and potential treatments.AbstractLeber congenital amaurosis is a severe early‐onset inherited retinal dystrophy. This study delves into the genetic basis of Leber congenital amaurosis, pinpointing compound heterozygous mutations in the NMNAT1 gene as significant causative factors. While one mutation validates previous findings (c.245T>C; p.Val82Ala), the second (c.575A>G; p.Asp192Gly) proves novel, expanding the genetic landscape of Leber congenital amaurosis 9. Both mutations, inherited independently from nonconsanguineous parents, contribute to the intricate genetic basis of light on Leber congenital amaurosis 9 in this case. The identified mutations shed light on Leber congenital amaurosis genetics in the Iranian population, showcasing the efficacy of exome‐sequencing for molecular diagnoses in hereditary retinal degeneration. These findings provide valuable insights for tailored genetic counseling and potential therapeutic interventions.
Process Intensification via Structured Catalysts: Production of Sugar Alcohols
Authors: Salmi Tapio , Barahona German Araujo , Najarnezhadmashhadi Ali , Braz Catarina , Torres Alberto Goicoechea , Ciaramella Maria , Ares Emilia , Russo Vincenzo , Serna Juan Garcia , Eränen Kari , Wärnå Johan , Matos Henri , Murzin Dmitry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the aid of structured catalysts and reactors, such as monoliths, solid foams, and 3D printed structures, the limitations of conventional slurry and packed‐bed reactors can be surmounted. Multiphase mathematical models were presented for solid foam structures and the models were verified for the hydrogenation of arabinose, galactose, and xylose to the corresponding sugar alcohols. High product selectivities were obtained in batch and continuous experiments. Three kinetic models were considered: a competitive adsorption model, a semi‐competitive adsorption model as well as a non‐competitive adsorption model for sugar monomers and hydrogen. The models gave a good reproduction of the data, but the semi‐competitive adsorption model was the most plausible one because of the size difference between adsorbed sugar and hydrogen molecules.
Identification of Deactivation Mechanisms by the Periodic Transient Kinetic Method
Authors: Gäßler Max , Güttel Robert , Friedland Jens 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe understanding of deactivation processes in heterogeneous catalysis is key for the development of new materials and exploration of new operation windows. In this contribution, the periodic transient kinetic method (PTK) is used to identify and separate catalyst deactivation processes for the first time. The PTK method is applied for a standard Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in CO and CO2 methanation for 24 h and compared to steady‐state experiments. For the example reactions, the study exhibits different deactivation behavior for CO and CO2 methanation. The results demonstrate that the PTK method delivers an insight into the deactivation process and furthermore gives evidence for the underlying mechanism.
Plasma Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fever‐ and Infection‐Related Complications During Chemotherapy‐Induced Neutropenia
Authors: Kreft Iris C. , van de Geer Annemarie , Smit Eva R. , van der Zwaan Carmen , van Alphen Floris P. J. , Meijer Alexander B. , Nur Erfan , Hoogendijk Arie J. , Kuijpers Taco W. , van den Biggelaar Maartje 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and complex blood cancer requiring aggressive treatment. Early identification and prediction of the complications following treatment is vital for effective disease management.AimsWe explored associations between plasma protein levels and fever‐ and infection‐related complications in 26 AML patients during chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.Material and MethodsLongitudinal plasma profiling was conducted using data‐dependent mass spectrometry analysis.ResultsMass spectrometry‐based plasma profiling data correlated well with laboratory parameters, including C‐reactive protein, and revealed a broader inflammation protein network associated with fever‐ and infection‐related complications.Discussion and ConclusionThese data indicate the potential of longitudinal plasma profiling in AML patients for identifying and predicting complications that may aid in improved disease monitoring and treatment.
Advancing Liposomal Coating Approaches for Improved Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Thuy Trang Le Ngoc , Nguyen‐Huu Anh‐Minh , Hai Nguyen Dai , Khoa Nguyen Cuu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuercetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties, faces limitations in clinical application due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study presents a novel delivery system utilizing a combination of polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether and folic acid to enhance quercetin's effectiveness. We developed folate‐conjugated polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether‐coated liposomes (FA‐Brij‐LPs) to leverage the unique properties of polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether in conjunction with folic acid for targeted delivery. The FA‐Brij‐LPs were prepared using the thin‐film hydration method and characterized for their physicochemical properties, including size, zeta potential, and drug loading capacity. The optimized FA‐Brij‐LPs exhibited a mean particle size of 147.57 nm, a zeta potential of 32.20 mV, and a drug loading capacity of 9.33 %. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained quercetin release and significantly enhanced cellular uptake compared to free quercetin. The Resazurin cell viability assay further revealed superior anticancer efficacy of FA‐Brij‐LPs. This innovative approach underscores the effectiveness of combining polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether with folic acid in enhancing quercetin delivery and its potential applications in cancer therapy.
Bank competition and ESG performance‐evidence from Chinese listed firms
Authors: Lu Danning , Yang Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study employs a two‐way fixed effects model to investigate the influence of bank competition on ESG performance of local firms and its underlying mechanisms based on the geographical distribution of bank branches and firms. Our results show that the increased level of competition among banks contributes positively to the ESG performance of firms and the promotion effect is more prominent in small firms, young firms, and nonstate‐owned firms. Industry heterogeneity analysis indicates that bank competition could be more beneficial for the sustainable development of low‐pollution, low‐tech industries, and industries that have a higher linkage with the financial industry. The mechanism analysis further reveals the mediating effect of financial constraints, green innovation, and moral hazards on firms' ESG performance. This study extends the existing understanding of the firm‐level consequences of bank competition and sheds light on the financial development drivers of corporate ESG performance in emerging market countries.
Role of BIX01294 in the intracranial inhibition of H3K9 methylation lessens neuronal loss in vascular dementia model
Authors: Sehati Fardin , Hosseindoost Saereh , Ranjbaran Mina , Nabavizadeh Fatemeh , Karimian Seyed‐Morteza , Adeli Soheila , Zahedi Elham , Chodari Leila , Ashabi Ghorbangol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDementia develops as a result of multiple factors, including cerebrovascular disease which is called vascular dementia (VD). Histone‐3 lysine‐9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) broadly increases during VD and inhibits neuroprotective gene expressions. So, we aimed to determine how H3K9me2 inhibitor (BIX01294) affects neuronal damage in VD. An in vivo model of VD was used followed by BIX01294 treatment. Behavioral tests, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E), Congo red, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were carried out. Hippocampal phosphorylated cyclic‐AMP responsive element binding protein (p‐CREB), c‐fos, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and H3K9me2, were detected by western blot analysis technique. Neurological deficit and anxiety‐related behavior significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the VD group (p < 0.05). BIX01294 improved spatial and passive avoidance memory (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared to the VD group. Treatment with BIX01294 restored the level of p‐CREB/CREB ratio (p < 0.05), cfos (p < 0.01), BDNF (p < 0.01), and suppressed H3K9me2 (p < 0.001) when compared to the VD group. BIX01294 microinjection reduced the apoptosis level in TUNEL staining (p < 0.05), and raised neural cell count in H&E staining (p < 0.01); amyloid beta accumulation significantly decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.05) compared to the VD group. In conclusion, long‐term treatment with a low dose of BIX01294 can prevent the progression of neuronal loss in VD model by raising the expression of neurotrophic factors, and reducing the apoptosis level.
Aesthetic and functional outcomes in full thickness nasal alar reconstruction: Insights from patients on conchal cartilage and nasolabial‐folded‐flap
Authors: Fiedler Lukas S. , Andrianopoulou S. , Meyer Tobias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionNasal alar defects pose significant challenges due to the nose's central role in facial aesthetics and function. Various causes, including skin cancer resection, necessitate effective reconstruction techniques. Despite several available methods, identifying an ideal approach remains elusive.MethodsThis study introduces a single‐stage reconstruction technique employing the nasolabial‐folded‐flap (NFL) with conchal cartilage support. A structured patient questionnaire evaluated functional and aesthetic outcomes, pain, healing and satisfaction. The survey involved six patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using this approach in 12 months.ResultsPatients expressed high satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Functional aspects received very satisfactory ratings (mean 1.7), with aesthetically appealing results (mean 2). Reconstructed noses harmonized well with patients' faces (mean 2), with a moderate impact on daily activities (mean 2.7). Mild pain was occasionally reported (median 2.2) and healing was perceived as very successful (median 1.5). Patients were highly satisfied with care and support (median 1) and felt adequately informed (median 1.5). They strongly recommended this reconstruction technique to others (median 1).DiscussionThe NFL with conchal cartilage support proves versatile and cosmetically pleasing in single‐stage reconstruction for full‐thickness nasal alar defects. Patients demonstrated a strong willingness to recommend this approach to individuals with similar defects, showcasing its potential advantages. Despite limitations, our findings underscore the prospects of this technique in nasal reconstruction.
Long‐term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents, genetic susceptibility, and incident heart failure among 411 807 adults
Authors: Cui Feipeng , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jing , Tang Linxi , Ma Yudiyang , Li Dankang , Wang Jianing , Xing Meiqi , Xie Junqing , Yang Jian , Tian Yaohua 
Published: October 2024

AimsLong‐term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to incident heart failure (HF), but the impacts of its constituents remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the associations of PM2.5 constituents with incident HF, and further evaluate the modification effects of genetic susceptibility.Methods and resultsPM2.5 and its constituents, including elemental carbon (EC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and sulfate (SO42−), were estimated using the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme model applied to the UK (EMEP4UK) driven by Weather and Research Forecast model meteorology. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated to represent genetic susceptibility to HF. We employed Cox models to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 constituents with incident HF. Quantile‐based g‐computation model was used to identify the main contributor of PM2.5 constituents. Among 411 807 individuals in the UK Biobank, 7554 participants developed HF during a median follow‐up of 12.05 years. The adjusted hazard ratios of HF for each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, EC, OM, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− were 1.50 (1.46–1.54), 1.31 (1.27–1.34), 1.12 (1.09–1.15), 1.42 (1.41–1.44), 1.26 (1.23–1.29), and 1.25 (1.24–1.26), respectively. EC (43%) played the most important role, followed by NH4+ and SO42−. Moreover, synergistic additive interactions accounted for 9–16% of the HF events in individuals exposed to both PM2.5, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− and PRS.ConclusionLong‐term exposure to PM2.5 constituents may elevate HF risk, and EC was the major contributor. Additive effects of PM2.5 constituents and PRS on HF risk were revealed.