bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory federalism and intergovernmental grants
Authors: GARZARELLI GIAMPAOLO , KEETON LYNDAL 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article contributes to an institutional economics analysis of the public economy by answering the following question: what is the role of intergovernmental grants in laboratory federalism? In line with factual evidence, the fiscal federalism literature on policy experimentation hints that grants can be employed to stimulate policy innovation through trial and error learning. Yet it lacks a theory of policy experimentation through grants, meaning that, in effect, we lack a fiscal theory of laboratory federalism. In the proposed approach, an intergovernmental grant is likened to a fiscal institution for political compromise between levels of government that frames policy experimentation options and constraints. At the same time, since policy solutions are not always easy to find or to implement, policy experimentation requires some degree of flexibility. Thus, the article shows that the extent of experimentation induced by a grant is influenced (or, more fashionably, nudged) by the conditionality attached to the grant. It argues, moreover, that if a grantor would like to induce more (less) experimentation, then, all other things equal, a grant with fewer (more) conditions attached should fare better than a grant with more (fewer) conditions attached.
Electrically reversible cracks in an intermetallic film controlled by an electric field
Authors: Liu Z. Q. , Liu J. H. , Biegalski M. D. , Hu J.-M. , Shang S. L. , Ji Y. , Wang J. M. , Hsu S. L. , Wong A. T. , Cordill M. J. , Gludovatz B. , Marker C. , Yan H. , Feng Z. X. , You L. , Lin M. W. , Ward T. Z. , Liu Z. K. , Jiang C. B. , Chen L. Q. , Ritchie R. O. , Christen H. M. , Ramesh R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCracks in solid-state materials are typically irreversible. Here we report electrically reversible opening and closing of nanoscale cracks in an intermetallic thin film grown on a ferroelectric substrate driven by a small electric field (~0.83 kV/cm). Accordingly, a nonvolatile colossal electroresistance on–off ratio of more than 108 is measured across the cracks in the intermetallic film at room temperature. Cracks are easily formed with low-frequency voltage cycling and remain stable when the device is operated at high frequency, which offers intriguing potential for next-generation high-frequency memory applications. Moreover, endurance testing demonstrates that the opening and closing of such cracks can reach over 107 cycles under 10-μs pulses, without catastrophic failure of the film.
Abrupt transitions in time series with uncertainties
Authors: Goswami Bedartha , Boers Niklas , Rheinwalt Aljoscha , Marwan Norbert , Heitzig Jobst , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIdentifying abrupt transitions is a key question in various disciplines. Existing transition detection methods, however, do not rigorously account for time series uncertainties, often neglecting them altogether or assuming them to be independent and qualitatively similar. Here, we introduce a novel approach suited to handle uncertainties by representing the time series as a time-ordered sequence of probability density functions. We show how to detect abrupt transitions in such a sequence using the community structure of networks representing probabilities of recurrence. Using our approach, we detect transitions in global stock indices related to well-known periods of politico-economic volatility. We further uncover transitions in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation which coincide with periods of phase locking with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Finally, we provide for the first time an ‘uncertainty-aware’ framework which validates the hypothesis that ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic during the Holocene were synchronous with a weakened Asian summer monsoon.
A machine learning approach to integrate big data for precision medicine in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lee Su-In , Celik Safiye , Logsdon Benjamin A. , Lundberg Scott M. , Martins Timothy J. , Oehler Vivian G. , Estey Elihu H. , Miller Chris P. , Chien Sylvia , Dai Jin , Saxena Akanksha , Blau C. Anthony , Becker Pamela S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCancers that appear pathologically similar often respond differently to the same drug regimens. Methods to better match patients to drugs are in high demand. We demonstrate a promising approach to identify robust molecular markers for targeted treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by introducing: data from 30 AML patients including genome-wide gene expression profiles and in vitro sensitivity to 160 chemotherapy drugs, a computational method to identify reliable gene expression markers for drug sensitivity by incorporating multi-omic prior information relevant to each gene’s potential to drive cancer. We show that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches in identifying molecular markers replicated in validation data and predicting drug sensitivity accurately. Finally, we identify SMARCA4 as a marker and driver of sensitivity to topoisomerase II inhibitors, mitoxantrone, and etoposide, in AML by showing that cell lines transduced to have high SMARCA4 expression reveal dramatically increased sensitivity to these agents.
Redox regulation of PEP activity during seedling establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Díaz Manuel Guinea , Hernández-Verdeja Tamara , Kremnev Dmitry , Crawford Tim , Dubreuil Carole , Strand Åsa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractActivation of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase is tightly controlled and involves a network of phosphorylation and, as yet unidentified, thiol-mediated events. Here, we characterize PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE2, a redox-regulated protein required for full PEP-driven transcription. PRIN2 dimers can be reduced into the active monomeric form by thioredoxins through reduction of a disulfide bond. Exposure to light increases the ratio between the monomeric and dimeric forms of PRIN2. Complementation of prin2-2 with different PRIN2 protein variants demonstrates that the monomer is required for light-activated PEP-dependent transcription and that expression of the nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes is linked to the activity of PEP. Activation of PEP during chloroplast development likely is the source of a retrograde signal that promotes nuclear LHCB expression. Thus, regulation of PRIN2 is the thiol-mediated mechanism required for full PEP activity, with PRIN2 monomerization via reduction by TRXs providing a mechanistic link between photosynthetic electron transport and activation of photosynthetic gene expression.
Defects controlled hole doping and multivalley transport in SnSe single crystals
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fan Congcong , Shen Zhixuan , Hua Chenqiang , Hu Qifeng , Sheng Feng , Lu Yunhao , Fang Hanyan , Qiu Zhizhan , Lu Jiong , Liu Zhengtai , Liu Wanling , Huang Yaobo , Xu Zhu-An , Shen D. W. , Zheng Yi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSnSe is a promising thermoelectric material with record-breaking figure of merit. However, to date a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure and most critically, the self-hole-doping mechanism in SnSe is still absent. Here we report the highly anisotropic electronic structure of SnSe investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in which a unique pudding-mould-shaped valence band with quasi-linear energy dispersion is revealed. We prove that p-type doping in SnSe is extrinsically controlled by local phase segregation of SnSe2 microdomains via interfacial charge transferring. The multivalley nature of the pudding-mould band is manifested in quantum transport by crystallographic axis-dependent weak localisation and exotic non-saturating negative magnetoresistance. Strikingly, quantum oscillations also reveal 3D Fermi surface with unusual interlayer coupling strength in p-SnSe, in which individual monolayers are interwoven by peculiar point dislocation defects. Our results suggest that defect engineering may provide versatile routes in improving the thermoelectric performance of the SnSe family.
Congenital Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis with a Novel CTSD Gene Mutation: A Rare Cause of Neonatal-Onset Neurodegenerative Disorder
Authors: Varvagiannis K. , Hanquinet S. , Billieux M. , De Luca R. , Rimensberger P. , Lidgren M. , Guipponi M. , Makrythanasis P. , Blouin J. , Antonarakis S. , Steinfeld R. , Kern I. , Poretti A. , Fokstuen S. , Fluss J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses represent a heterogeneous group of early onset neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by progressive cognitive and motor function decline, visual loss, and epilepsy. The age of onset has been historically used for the phenotypic classification of this group of disorders, but their molecular genetic delineation has now enabled a better characterization, demonstrating significant genetic heterogeneity even among individuals with a similar phenotype. The rare Congenital Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (CLN10) caused by mutations in the CTSD gene encoding for cathepsin D is associated with a dramatic presentation with onset before or around birth. We report on a female born to consanguineous parents who presented at birth with severe neonatal encephalopathy with massive cerebral and cerebellar shrinking on magnetic resonance imaging. Whole exome sequencing with targeted bioinformatic analysis of a panel of genes associated with prenatal/perinatal onset of neurodegenerative disease was performed and revealed the presence of a novel homozygous in-frame deletion in CTSD. Additional functional studies further confirmed the pathogenic character of this variant and established the diagnosis of CLN10 in the patient.
Surgical Management of Simultaneous Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon Ruptures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meheux Carlos , Jack Robert , McCulloch Patrick , Lintner David , Harris Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study performs a systematic review to determine (1) if a significant difference exists in return to preinjury activity level between one- and two-stage treatment of combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellar tendon (PT) tears; and (2) if a significant difference exists in the number of postoperative complications between the two differing surgical treatment approaches. A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered on PROSPERO. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and Sport Discus were searched for English language level I–IV evidence studies on either one- (simultaneous) or two-stage (sequential) surgical treatment of simultaneously sustained ipsilateral ACL and PT tears. The approach to initial evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were qualitatively analyzed. Methodological quality assessment of all included studies was completed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess quality of evidence and provide strength of recommendation. Statistical analyses were done using Fischer's exact test. Eleven articles (18 patients; 83% males; mean age, 31.1 ± 10.1 years; mean follow-up, 2.2 ± 1.7 years; and mean MINORS 7.8/16) were analyzed. Eight patients had a one-stage procedure (primary PT repair and ACL reconstruction), and 10 patients underwent a two-stage procedure (primary PT repair first followed by ACL reconstruction) with mean 28 ± 45.7 weeks (5 weeks–3 years) between surgeries. The rate for return to preinjury activity level after surgery was not significantly different between one- (88%) and two-stage (100%) (p = 0.444). There was a significantly higher complication rate (p = 0.023) in the one-stage (stiffness, instability, and patella baja) versus two-stage surgery (no complications). There was no significant difference in return to preinjury activity level between one- and two-stage PT repair and ACL reconstruction. However, the one-stage combined surgery had a significantly higher complication rate compared with two-stage surgery. The level of evidence is IV.
Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Efficacy of Intra-Epineurial Injection
Authors: Hsu Yi-Chih , Yang Fu-Chi , Hsu Hsian-He , Huang Guo-Shu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose To identify the ultrasound (US) findings of intra-epineurial corticosteroid injection during US-guided hydrodissection in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and to determine their clinical relevance in relation to treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods We performed 101 US-guided hydrodissections and corticosteroid injections in 101 patients with CTS, and evaluated their pre- and post-injection US findings. We categorized these injections into two groups based on the occurrence of intra-epineurial injection. We also recorded clinical data including sex, age, side of injection, BMI, and the duration of pre-injection CTS-related discomfort. The outcomes were measured using the Likert satisfaction scale and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores. The clinical data, cross-sectional area of the median nerve (CSA-MN) at the inlet of the carpal tunnel measured on US images, and the symptom relief for the patients receiving intra-epineurial and extra-epineurial injection were compared.
Results The intra-epineurial injection rate was 38.6 % in the 101 US-guided injections. The clinical data, pre-injection CSA-MN at the inlet of the carpal tunnel, and pre-injection BCTQ scores showed no significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). The group with intra-epineurial injections had significantly decreased CSA-MN (difference in means, 2.5 mm2; p < 0.0001), greater patient satisfaction (p = 0.002), and lower BCTQ scores (p < 0.05) than the group with extra-epineurial injections.
Conclusion We characterized the US findings of intra-epineurial corticosteroid injection during US-guided hydrodissection. Intra-epineurial injection provided a more meaningfully reduction in edema of the MN, greater patient satisfaction, and greater symptom relief than extra-epineurial injection.
Functional Screening Tests: Interrelationships and Ability to Predict Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Pereira Lucas , Kobal Ronaldo , Abad Cesar , Komatsu William , Cunha Ronaldo , Arliani Gustavo , Ejnisman Benno , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Nakamura Fábio , Cohen Moises 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere are several methods used in sports science to identify asymmetries in athletes, given their purported relevance to injury prevention and performance optimization. We aimed to verify whether asymmetries provided by isokinetic assessments, jump tests, and tensiomyography (TMG) are associated with each other, and whether their respective functional indices are related to jumping ability. TMG parameters, unilateral and bilateral squat-jump (SJ) and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performances, and peak torque in knee-extension and flexion with angular velocities of 60o/s and 300o/s for twenty-four soccer players were retained for analyses. Asymmetry was detected by examining the percentage difference between dominant and non-dominant legs. The median-split technique was used to identify the best and worst performers in SJ and CMJ tests. Results revealed that the asymmetries detected in the three different methods were not interrelated. Curiously, better performances in SJ and CMJ tests were associated with higher asymmetry levels. Furthermore, only the knee-extension peak torque at both angular velocities was correlated moderately to largely (r=0.48-0.66) with jump performance. Despite their recognized ability to predict the risk of injury, the absence of interrelationships between TMG, isokinetic tests, and unilateral jumps precludes their single use as a unique functional screening diagnostic. Finally, and very importantly, lower-limb asymmetry is not necessarily related to impaired vertical jump performance in soccer players.
Post-TAVI Follow-Up with MDCT of the Valve Prosthesis: Technical Application, Regular Findings and Typical Local Post-Interventional Complications
Authors: Soschynski Martin , Capilli Fabio , Ruile Philipp , Neumann Franz-Josef , Langer Mathias , Krauss Tobias 
Published: December 2017

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has evolved into an alternative procedure to surgical valve replacement for high-risk patients with aortic valve stenosis. Despite technical innovations, there is still a risk of complications during and after the intervention. After a TAVI procedure, ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) plays an important role in the early diagnosis of local complications. In this article, we explain for the first time how the technical acquisition of MDCT in the region of the aortic root is performed as post-interventional control of the TAVI prosthesis. In the second part normal post-interventional findings of different prosthetic valves as well as classic and uncommon complications in the implant area will be illustrated in several case studies.
Methods In this review the current literature from PubMed about ECG-gated MDCT after TAVI is summarized and structured. It is supplemented by several case studies from our institution.
Results and Conclusion Using retrospectively ECG-gated MDCT, an aortic valve prosthesis after TAVI can be visualized with high spatial resolution in several phases of the cardiac cycle. Images of the implanted aortic valve at all time points of the cardiac cycle enable a functional analysis of prosthetic leaflets similar to echocardiography. MDCT is superior to transthoracic echocardiography with respect to the direct detection of prosthetic leaflet thrombosis. The position of the device in relation to the coronary ostia and correct unfolding of the stent frame need to be evaluated. There are different types of stents carrying the valve leaflets with distinct ideal positions. Any stent should cover the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) along its whole circumference. Life-threatening complications in the implant area, such as annulus rupture, can be diagnosed reliably with CT.
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Citation Format
Aridity weakens population-level effects of multiple species interactions onHibiscus meyeri
Authors: Louthan Allison M. , Pringle Robert M. , Goheen Jacob R. , Palmer Todd M. , Morris William F. , Doak Daniel F. 
Published: December 2017

SignificancePredicting the impacts of global change on biodiversity requires understanding the factors that regulate population growth and set species’ range boundaries. Darwin proposed that abiotic factors limit population growth in stressful areas, whereas species interactions dominate in less stressful environments because of an increased density and diversity of enemies (consumers, parasites, pathogens). We present experimental support for this hypothesized shift in the strength of species interactions with climate, but we also show that this pattern does not arise from Darwin’s proposed mechanism. Our work implies that effects of species interactions on population growth rate decrease with stress, with implications for how different range boundaries are likely to respond to climatic change.
Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics for precision medicine
Authors: Azad Rajeev K , Shulaev Vladimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrecision medicine is rapidly emerging as a strategy to tailor medical treatment to a small group or even individual patients based on their genetics, environment and lifestyle. Precision medicine relies heavily on developments in systems biology and omics disciplines, including metabolomics. Combination of metabolomics with sophisticated bioinformatics analysis and mathematical modeling has an extreme power to provide a metabolic snapshot of the patient over the course of disease and treatment or classifying patients into subpopulations and subgroups requiring individual medical treatment. Although a powerful approach, metabolomics have certain limitations in technology and bioinformatics. We will review various aspects of metabolomics technology and bioinformatics, from data generation, bioinformatics analysis, data fusion and mathematical modeling to data management, in the context of precision medicine.
ChopStitch: exon annotation and splice graph construction using transcriptome assembly and whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Khan Hamza , Mohamadi Hamid , Vandervalk Benjamin P , Warren Rene L , Chu Justin , Birol Inanc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotivationSequencing studies on non-model organisms often interrogate both genomes and transcriptomes with massive amounts of short sequences. Such studies require de novo analysis tools and techniques, when the species and closely related species lack high quality reference resources. For certain applications such as de novo annotation, information on putative exons and alternative splicing may be desirable.ResultsHere we present ChopStitch, a new method for finding putative exons de novo and constructing splice graphs using an assembled transcriptome and whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGSS) data. ChopStitch identifies exon-exon boundaries in de novo assembled RNA-Seq data with the help of a Bloom filter that represents the k-mer spectrum of WGSS reads. The algorithm also accounts for base substitutions in transcript sequences that may be derived from sequencing or assembly errors, haplotype variations, or putative RNA editing events. The primary output of our tool is a FASTA file containing putative exons. Further, exon edges are interrogated for alternative exon-exon boundaries to detect transcript isoforms, which are represented as splice graphs in DOT output format.Availability and implementationChopStitch is written in Python and C++ and is released under the GPL license. It is freely available at https://github.com/bcgsc/ChopStitch.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.