bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Nanotripods for Light‐Matter Coupling Robust to Nanoemitter Orientation
Authors: Pacheco‐Peña Víctor , Fernández‐Domínguez Antonio I. , Luo Yu , Beruete Miguel , Navarro‐Cía Miguel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNanoantennas enable the concentration and manipulation of light at the (sub‐)nanoscale. This ability offers novel strategies to strengthen light‐matter interactions in a controlled fashion. However, most nanoantennas are highly sensitive to light polarization and emitter orientation, which is disadvantageous for many applications (e.g., Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy depend strongly on molecular symmetry and orientation, as well as on the local optical field gradient). It is also unfortunate that analytical descriptions, essential to bridge experimental observations to knowledge and future design guidelines, have lagged behind. Here, resorting to conformal transformation, aluminum nanotripods excited by a nanoemitter of arbitrary orientation are studied analytically. Our results, corroborated with full‐wave simulations, show that aluminum nanotripods are robust not only to emitter orientation, but also to its position. Hence, this work exemplifies the effectiveness and efficiency of transformation optics to analytically describe and optimize light‐matter interaction in complex plasmonic nanoantennas.
Balancing Block Copolymer Thickness over Template Density in Graphoepitaxy Approach
Authors: Barros Patricia Pimenta , Gharbi Ahmed , Fouquet Antoine , Bos Sandra , Hazart Jérôme , Delachat Florian , Chevalier Xavier , Cayrefourcq Ian , Pain Laurent , Tiron Raluca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDirected self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) is one of the most promising patterning solutions for sub‐10 nm nodes. While significant achievements are demonstrated in pattern fidelity for various applications (contact shrink, line patterning), some challenges are still needed to be overcome especially regarding the defect density reduction, in order to ensure DSA insertion in high‐volume manufacturing. In particular, in the case of the graphoepitaxy approach, a remaining challenge is to solve the pattern‐densities‐related defect issue due to BCP film thickness variation inside the guiding template. In order to address this issue, a new DSA process flow called “DSA planarization” is employed for contact‐hole patterning, and consists in overfilling the guiding pattern cavities with a thick BCP film, followed by a plasma etch‐back step. This new approach ensures a uniform control of the final thickness of the BCP inside guiding cavities of different densities, as demonstrated herein by AFM measurement. Thus, defect‐free isolated and dense patterns for both contact shrink and multiplication are simultaneously resolved. Furthermore, the simulation results of BCP self‐assembly overfilling the templates demonstrate that BCP domains are well‐directed in vertical cylinders ordering inside guiding cavities, which confirms the experimental results and the viability of this approach.
Sense and sensibility in personalized e‐commerce: How emotions rebalance the purchase intentions of persuaded customers
Authors: Pappas Ilias O. , Kourouthanassis Panos E. , Giannakos Michail N. , Chrissikopoulos Vassilios 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis research develops and tests a theoretical model of customer persuasion in personalized online shopping, building on information processing theory, and addressing cognitive and affective stages of the persuasion process. Data from 582 experienced online customers were used to validate the proposed model through structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results show that quality of personalization, message quality, and benefits of the personalized recommendations are important in the persuasion process. Positive emotions increase the effect of persuasion on purchase intentions, contrary to negative emotions. The study extends online personalization theory, offers an in‐depth analysis of the persuasion process in online shopping, and provides valuable recommendations for personalized online marketing.
Controlling Complex Stability in Photoresponsive Macromolecular Host–Guest Systems: Toward Reversible Capture of DNA by Cyclodextrin Vesicles
Authors: Moratz Johanna , Stricker Lucas , Engel Sabrina , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn effective and universal method for delivering structurally diverse biomolecules in vivo would greatly benefit modern drug therapy, but has yet to be discovered. Self‐assembled supramolecular complexes containing vesicles of amphiphilic cyclodextrin and linker molecules with an azobenzene guest unit and a charged functionality have been established as nanoscale carriers for proteins and DNA, making use of multivalent electrostatic attraction. However, light‐induced cargo release is only feasible up to a maximum net charge of the biomacromolecules. Herein, it is shown that it is possible to fine‐tune macromolecular complex stability and size by addition of a competitive guest molecule that acts as a stopper, partly blocking the vesicle surface. The superior performance of arylazopyrazoles in photoisomerization compared to azobenzenes, which enables a lower surface charge density of the vesicles in the photostationary state, is also demonstrated. Both strategies allow reversible supramolecular aggregation of high molecular weight DNA (2 and 4.8 kbp).
Thermoresponsive Double Network Hydrogels with Exceptional Compressive Mechanical Properties
Authors: Means A. Kristen , Ehrhardt Daniel A. , Whitney Lauren V. , Grunlan Melissa A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe utility of thermoresponsive hydrogels, such as those based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), is severely limited by their deficient mechanical properties. In particular, the simultaneous achievement of high strength and stiffness remains unreported. In this work, a thermoresponsive hydrogel is prepared having the unique combination of ultrahigh compressive strength (≈23 MPa) and excellent compressive modulus (≈1.5 MPa). This is accomplished by employing a double network (DN) design comprised of a tightly crosslinked, highly negatively charged 1st network based on poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMPS) and a loosely crosslinked, zwitterionic 2nd network based on a copolymer of thermoresponsive NIPAAm and zwitterionic 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (MEDSAH). Comparison to other DN designs reveals that this PAMPS/P(NIPAAm‐co‐MEDSAH) DN hydrogel's remarkable properties stem from the intra‐ and internetwork ionic interactions of the two networks. Finally, this mechanically robust hydrogel retains the desirable thermosensitivity of PNIPAAm hydrogels, exhibiting a volume phase transition temperature of ≈35 °C.
Thermally Reversible and Irreversible Phase Transition Behaviors in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Ionic Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Chen Yunlei , Niu Yanhua , Gong Pengjian , Xiao Zhilin , Li Guangxian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe irreversible and reversible phase transition behaviors during phase separation‐recovery (heating–cooling) cycles for poly(ethylene oxide)/1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (PEO/[EMIM][BF4]) mixtures with a lower critical solution temperature phase diagram are reported for the first time. The evident differential scanning calorimetry endothermic and exothermic peaks are observed during the heating–cooling scan cycles near the phase boundary, in which the large heat loss for samples below the critical composition (60 wt% PEO) and obvious downward shift of phase transition temperature for all the compositions between the first and second cycles are particularly attractive. After the first recovery process, a reversible behavior during the next cycles is expected. These interesting phenomena are further confirmed by optical microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared measurements. It is demonstrated that the disruption and partial recovery of the hydrogen bonds, combined with the conformational change of PEO chains, can contribute to this irreversible behavior as well as a conversion to reversible phase transition behavior.
In Situ Synthesis of Imidazolium‐Crosslinked Ionogels via Debus–Radziszewski Reaction Based on PAMAM Dendrimers in Imidazolium Ionic liquid
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Guo Shufei , Li Hao , Liu Jiahang , Liu Xinxin , Song Hongzan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study reports a remarkably facile method to synthesize novel ionogels with imidazolium cycle crosslinks based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers via one‐pot, modified Debus–Radziszewski reaction in ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). High room temperature ionic conductivity (up to 6.8 mS cm−1) is achieved, and more remarkably, it can still exceed 1 mS cm−1 when the dendrimer content reached 70% because PAMAM dendrimers are completely amorphous with many cavities and the newly formed imidazolium crosslinks contains ions. The elastic modulus of these ionogels can exceed 106 Pa due to the newly‐formed rigid imidazolium crosslinks. Crucially, these ionogels are robust gels even at temperatures up to 160 °C. Such novel ionogels with high ionic conductivity, tunable modulus, and flexibility are desirable for use in high‐temperature flexible electrochemical devices.
A new simplified Hypothesis B method for calculating the consolidation settlement of ground improved by vertical drains
Authors: Feng Wei‐Qiang , Yin Jian‐Hua 
Published: September 2017

SummaryVertical drains are widely used in soft ground improvements to accelerate the consolidation process. This paper develops a new simplified Hypothesis B method for calculating the consolidation settlement of a soil layer improved by vertical drains under the instant and ramp loadings. As a comparison, the traditional Hypothesis A method is also used to calculate the settlement. Then, a fully coupled finite element consolidation analysis is utilized to examine and verify this simplified method and Hypothesis A method. For the instant loading, Carrillo‐Barron method and Zhu‐Yin method are used to obtain the average degree of consolidation for vertical drain system. Typical parameters, such as over‐consolidation ratio (OCR), smear zone, and space ratio of vertical drains, are considered. It is found that the calculation results from the new simplified method in this study agree well with finite element simulations, and relative errors are in the range of 0.1% to 12.3%. Comparatively, there are obvious differences between the calculated results from Hypothesis A method and finite element results. Carrillo‐Olson method and Zhu‐Yin method are utilized to obtain the average degree of consolidation for the vertical drain system to consider the ramp loading. Equivalent time is determined from half of the construction period to calculate the creep compression under the ramp loading. The accuracy of this simplified Hypothesis B method using both Carrillo‐Olson method and Zhu‐Yin method is acceptable with the relative errors less than 9.4%.
Stress‐based multi‐material topology optimization of compliant mechanisms
Authors: Chu Sheng , Gao Liang , Xiao Mi , Luo Zhen , Li Hao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a level‐set‐based method is presented to deal with the multi‐material topology optimization of compliant mechanisms with stress constraints. A novel stress‐based multi‐material topology optimization model of compliant mechanisms is proposed. In this model, the multi‐material level set topology description model and the separable stress interpolation scheme are adopted. The weighted sum method is used to deal with the multi‐objective optimization of the output displacement and compliance of compliant mechanisms. The penalty of stresses is also considered in the objective function to control the local stress level in different materials. To solve the optimization problem, the parametric level set method is employed, and the sensitivity analysis is conducted. Application of the method is demonstrated by 2 numerical examples. Results show that the multi‐material structures without undesirable de facto hinges can be obtained. The output displacement and compliance of the compliant mechanisms are optimized, and stress constraints in different materials are simultaneously satisfied.
State‐bounding observer design for uncertain positive systems under ℓ1 performance
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Chen Mou , Shen Jun 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the ℓ1‐induced positive observer design problem for uncertain positive systems. First, we present the ℓ1‐induced performance indicator for positive systems, which fits well into the linear Lyapunov function. Then, a novel ℓ1‐induced performance characterization is developed for uncertain positive systems. Furthermore, a linear programming–based method is proposed to solve the ℓ1‐induced positive observer synthesis problem for positive systems with interval uncertainties. A pair of positive state‐bounding observers is designed to estimate the state of uncertain positive systems. Finally, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the derived methods.
Metabolic Alterations in Two Cirsium Species Identified at Distinct Phenological Stages using UPLC‐QTOF/MS
Authors: Kim Min‐Sun , Nam Miso , Hwang Geum‐Sook 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionCirsium chanroenicum and C. setidens are commonly used both in traditional folk medicine and as a food source. The quality of different species of Cirsium at different harvest times is a function of their metabolite composition, which is determined by the phenological stage.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the differences in the metabolite composition of two species of Cirsium during different phenological stages using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS).MethodologyCirsium chanroenicum and C. setidens plants were collected at the floral budding and full flowering stages. Metabolic profiles of Cirsium extracts were determined using UPLC‐QTOF/MS to characterise the differences between phenological stages, and the major metabolites were quantified using UPLC‐QTOF/MS‐multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).ResultsAt the full flowering stage, the levels of phenolic acids as well as components of the phenylpropanoid pathway were increased. Flavonoids predominated at the full flowering stage in both species. The levels of coumaric acid, kaempferol, and pectolinarigenin differed between the two species of Cirsium. Overall, these results suggest that components of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway are upregulated in the full flowering stage in Cirsium, although we did observe some variation between the species.ConclusionThese results will help elucidate the metabolic pathways related to the different phases of the vegetative cycle, and may help determine the optimal season for the harvest of Cirsium with the highest levels of bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Characterisation of Alkaloids in Leaves and Roots of Stephania kwangsiensis by LC‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Shangguan Yan , He Jiayong , Kang Yun , Wang Yaqin , Yang Ping , Guo Jixian , Huang Jianming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe tuberous roots of Stephania kwangsiensis, which contain bioactive alkaloids, are used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Overexploitation of the roots has made the plant increasingly rare, and the abundant leaves of the same plant may offer a potential alternative. However, there is insufficient phytochemical information for a comparison of alkaloid compositions in the two parts.ObjectiveTo characterise and compare the alkaloids in the leaves and roots of S. kwangsiensis.MethodsThe alkaloids in S. kwangsiensis were characterised using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐(+)ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The alkaloid compositions in the leaves and roots were compared by visual inspection combined with principal component analysis (PCA) of the HPLC‐MS data.ResultsSeventy‐five alkaloids comprising aporphine‐, proaporphine‐, protoberberine‐, benzylisoquinoline‐, bisbenzylisoquinoline‐ and morphine‐type alkaloids were identified or tentatively identified in the roots and leaves of S. kwangsiensis. Sixty‐three of these alkaloids have not been previously reported in this species, and three have not been previously reported in the literature. The roots and leaves had similarities in alkaloid composition but differences in the peak intensities of most alkaloids. The PCA revealed that the samples were clustered into two distinct groups, which corresponded to leaves and roots.ConclusionThis study further clarified the chemical constituents in the roots of S. kwangsiensis, and revealed that diverse alkaloids were also present in the leaves. The comparative chemical profiling of the two parts provides useful information on their potential medicinal use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic Compound Diversity Explored in the Context of Photo‐Oxidative Stress Protection
Authors: Csepregi Kristóf , Hideg Éva 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionPhenolic compounds are a chemically diverse group of plant secondary metabolites with important roles both in plant stress defence and human nutrition.ObjectiveTo explore structure–function relations potentiating phenolic compounds to promote leaf acclimation to light stress by excess photosynthetically active radiation (photoinhibition) and by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation.MethodologyWe report singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide antioxidant capacities and UV‐absorbing properties of 27 flavonoids and 11 phenolic acids. Correlations of these characteristics in the whole data set and related activity–structure relationships in flavonoid data were investigated using simple statistical methods.ResultsIn comparison to flavonoids, phenolic acids are relatively ineffective reactive oxygen neutralising antioxidants; and – with the exception of gallic acid – have poor reactivity to hydrogen peroxide. Singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide detoxifying capacities of flavonoids are positively correlated, largely due to the strong positive effect of the hydroxylation of the C‐ring in position‐3. 3‐O‐Glycosylation halves reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactivities of quercetin and myricetin but eradicates the hydrogen peroxide reactivity of kaemferol. B‐ring polyhydroxylation (cathecol structure) increases the hydrogen peroxide antioxidant function but decreases UV‐B (280–315 nm) absorption. UV‐A (315–400 nm) absorption is increased by the B‐ring C2‐C3 double bond either in itself or in combination with the C4 oxo‐group.ConclusionAmong the studied compounds, anthocyanins and flavonols were the strongest singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide scavengers, and are thus capable of supporting defence against both photoinhibition by visible light and UV stress in leaves, while flavanols may only be effective against the latter. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of pain and analgesia use in the Australian population: Findings from the 2011 to 2012 Australian National Health Survey
Authors: Miller April , Sanderson Kristy , Bruno Raimondo , Breslin Monique , Neil Amanda L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundOpioid analgesic use and associated adverse events have increased over the last 15 years, including in Australia. Whether this is associated with increased chronic pain prevalence in the Australian population is unknown. This study aimed to estimate (1) the prevalence of chronic pain and analgesia use in the Australian population by age and sex; (2) the severity of pain in the population with chronic pain by sex; and (3) the distribution of recent pain severity in those using analgesia by age and sex.MethodsThis study used cross‐sectional, nationally representative data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 to 2012 National Health Survey. A total of n = 20 426 participants were included with an overall response rate of 84.8%. Weighting procedures were applied to obtain population estimates, confidence intervals, and when testing for statistical significance.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic and reoccurring pain (over a 6‐month period) was 15.4% (2.75 million) for Australians aged ≥15 years. Prevalence increased with age for both sexes. Significantly more females reported moderate‐to‐very severe pain overall (P < 0.001), and within most age groups. Recent use of opioid analgesia was reported by 12.0% of males and 13.4% of females with chronic pain.ConclusionChronic pain and opioid analgesic use are important public health issues in Australia. Study estimates of chronic pain and recent pain were no greater than earlier estimates. The acknowledged increase of opioid use in the literature thus appears consistent with changing treatment and/or prescribing patterns over time. Sex differences regarding pain prevalence, severity, and opioid use were apparent.
Quantitative Proteomics and Targeted Fatty Acids Analysis Reveal the Damage of Triptolide in Liver and Kidney
Authors: Li Menglin , Hu Ting , Tie Cai , Qu Liang , Zheng Hao , Zhang Jinlan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTriptolide (TP), the major active component in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., is widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases. However, organ toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, limits its clinical application. To fully understand the mechanism underlying TP toxicity, iTRAQ‐based 2D‐LC‐MS/MS proteomics is used to detect differentially expressed proteins in the livers and kidneys of mice administered the LD50 dose of TP. Functional annotation revealed that multiple pathways are involved in TP toxicity, including acute‐phase response signaling, the antigen presentation pathway, FXR/RXR activation, LPS/IL‐1‐mediated inhibition of RXR function, and EIF2 signaling. Members of the cytochrome P450 protein family that are involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, such as CYP2E1, show significant differences in expression among groups. Additionally, the proteomics data suggested that FAs are involved in TP‐induced toxicity. FA analysis is conducted using HPLC‐MRM to characterize the differences among various groups exposed to TP for different times. It has been found that 20 FAs in the liver show significant differences in abundance among groups, whereas in the kidneys, six FAs show significant differences in abundance. By integrating the proteomic and targeted FA analyses, it has been found that differently expressed proteins and FAs both participate in pathways including cellular lipolytic activity, peroxisomal fatty acid beta‐oxidation, and so on. Our data contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying TP‐induced organ toxicity. The results may help to improve the clinical efficacy and safety of TP in the future.