bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients
Authors: Diliprao Podutwar Priyanka , Madhushankari GS , Mohankumar KP , Praveen SB , Chandrappa Pramod Redder 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Background
Tobacco usage in any form has devastating effects on the health of the person including oral and pharyngeal cancer, which is one of the major causes of death.

Aim
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco consumption in various forms among dental outpatients.

Materials and methods
Patients reporting to the outpatient department of the College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Bengaluru, India, were evaluated for the presence or absence of habit. Habit history was recorded using standardized proforma from every patient, and the obtained data was assessed in relation to age, gender, duration of habit, and frequency of tobacco consumption.

Results
Among the 507 study participants, habits were present in 115 (22.68%), among which 101 (87.82%) were males and 14 (12.17%) were females. Among males, raw tobacco chewing and gutkha chewing had equal prevalence [25 (21.73%)] followed by cigarette smoking [23 (20%)]. In females, tobacco chewing [10 (8.69%)] was the most common habit and none of them smoked tobacco. Habits were more prevalent between the age group of 16 and 30 years. The results were found to be highly significant on applying chi-square test.

Conclusion
Higher prevalence of tobacco usage among the study population as compared with other studies needs to be addressed and counseled.

How to cite this article
Diliprao PP, Madhushankari GS, Mohankumar KP, Praveen SB, Chandrappa PR, Nandini DB. Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):9-11.
Management of Mesiodens and ectopically Erupted Central Incisor
Authors: Mathew Mebin George 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Pediatric dentists come across children and developing malocclusion at the earliest, early recognition and interception could avoid long-term laborious orthodontic treatment. Mesiodens are the most common supernumerary teeth, in the central region of the premaxilla, between the two central incisors, which may be the cause for a variety of irregularities in the developing occlusion, in particular, can lead to the impaction or ectopic eruption of adjacent permanent teeth, in the most esthetically important zone. Presented here is a case of management of ectopically erupted right permanent central incisor caused due to supernumerary tooth.
How to cite this article
Nagaveni NB, Poornima P, Valsan A, Mathew MG. Management of Mesiodens and ectopically Erupted Central Incisor. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):49-53.
IASI-derived NH3 enhancement ratios relative to CO for the tropical biomass burning regions
Authors: Whitburn Simon , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Hurtmans Daniel , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Vegetation fires are a major source of ammonia (NH3) in the atmosphere. Their emissions are mainly estimated using bottom-up approaches that rely on uncertain emission factors. In this study, we derive new biome-specific NH3 enhancement ratios relative to carbon monoxide (CO), ERNH3 ∕ CO (directly related to the emission factors), from the measurements of the IASI sounder onboard the Metop-A satellite. This is achieved for large tropical regions and for an 8-year period (2008–2015). We find substantial differences in the ERNH3 ∕ CO ratios between the biomes studied, with calculated values ranging from 7  ×  10−3 to 23  ×  10−3. For evergreen broadleaf forest these are typically 50–75 % higher than for woody savanna and savanna biomes. This variability is attributed to differences in fuel types and size and is in line with previous studies. The analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio also reveals a (sometimes large) within-biome variability. On a regional level, woody savanna shows, for example, a mean ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio for the region of Africa south of the Equator that is 40–75 % lower than in the other five regions studied, probably reflecting regional differences in fuel type and burning conditions. The same variability is also observed on a yearly basis, with a peak in the ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio observed for the year 2010 for all biomes. These results highlight the need for the development of dynamic emission factors that take into better account local variations in fuel type and fire conditions. We also compare the IASI-derived ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio with values reported in the literature, usually calculated from ground-based or airborne measurements. We find general good agreement in the referenced ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio except for cropland, for which the ERNH3 ∕ CO ratio shows an underestimation of about 2–2.5 times.
Global high-resolution monthly pCO2 climatology for the coastal ocean derived from neural network interpolation
Authors: Laruelle Goulven G. , Landschützer Peter , Gruber Nicolas , Tison Jean-Louis , Delille Bruno , Regnier Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In spite of the recent strong increase in the number of measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 in the surface ocean (pCO2), the air–sea CO2 balance of the continental shelf seas remains poorly quantified. This is a consequence of these regions remaining strongly under-sampled in both time and space and of surface pCO2 exhibiting much higher temporal and spatial variability in these regions compared to the open ocean. Here, we use a modified version of a two-step artificial neural network method (SOM-FFN; Landschützer et al., 2013) to interpolate the pCO2 data along the continental margins with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and with monthly resolution from 1998 to 2015. The most important modifications compared to the original SOM-FFN method are (i) the much higher spatial resolution and (ii) the inclusion of sea ice and wind speed as predictors of pCO2. The SOM-FFN is first trained with pCO2 measurements extracted from the SOCATv4 database. Then, the validity of our interpolation, in both space and time, is assessed by comparing the generated pCO2 field with independent data extracted from the LDVEO2015 database. The new coastal pCO2 product confirms a previously suggested general meridional trend of the annual mean pCO2 in all the continental shelves with high values in the tropics and dropping to values beneath those of the atmosphere at higher latitudes. The monthly resolution of our data product permits us to reveal significant differences in the seasonality of pCO2 across the ocean basins. The shelves of the western and northern Pacific, as well as the shelves in the temperate northern Atlantic, display particularly pronounced seasonal variations in pCO2,  while the shelves in the southeastern Atlantic and in the southern Pacific reveal a much smaller seasonality. The calculation of temperature normalized pCO2 for several latitudes in different oceanic basins confirms that the seasonality in shelf pCO2 cannot solely be explained by temperature-induced changes in solubility but are also the result of seasonal changes in circulation, mixing and biological productivity. Our results also reveal that the amplitudes of both thermal and nonthermal seasonal variations in pCO2 are significantly larger at high latitudes. Finally, because this product's spatial extent includes parts of the open ocean as well, it can be readily merged with existing global open-ocean products to produce a true global perspective of the spatial and temporal variability of surface ocean pCO2.
Political Consumerism and Buycott’s War on Koch Industries: Activism or slacktivism?
Authors: Harkins Jillian 
Published: October 2017

A white fist punches the air, grasping tightly to a fluorescent green dollar bill — the Buycott app’s icon pictorially represents the power of consumer decisions. Buycott was developed by freelance programmer Ivan Pardo and released in May 2013 in order to provide its users with, in the words of its creator, “a platform that empowers [them] to make well-informed purchasing decisions.” The app allows consumers to make politically informed purchases, using their money as their ideological voice. Theoretically, the app was created for both conservative and liberal users, plus all those users in between. However, the app boasts overwhelmingly liberal campaigns, perhaps because liberal political participants are generally younger and more likely to utilize such a technology.
Mid-term results of revision total hip arthroplasty with an uncemented modular femoral component
Authors: Rieger Bertram , Ilchmann Thomas , Bolliger Lilianna , Stoffel Karl K. , Zwicky Lukas , Clauss Martin 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: During revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), the surgeon commonly faces deficient proximal femoral bone. In this situation, distal fixation of the prosthesis is required. The aim of the current retrospective study is to assess the clinical and radiographic mid-term outcome of revision total hip arthroplasty using a modular uncemented, tapered, grit-blasted, distal straight stem system. Methods: This retrospective study included 70 femoral revisions that were performed in 67 patients using the device of interest. All patients were operated on via an extended trochanteric osteotomy. 60 revisions were performed as 1-stage (12 infected) and 10 as 2-stage (all infected) revisions. At 3 months postoperatively and at final follow-up, patients were assessed radiographically for the presence of osteolysis and for distal integration. Results: The mean follow-up time was 4.3 (2.0-7.6) years. 4 patients had a removal of at least 1 prosthetic component. Stem survival for any reason was 92% after 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-100%). With aseptic loosening of the stem as the endpoint of interest, survival after 5 years was 96% (95% CI, 88%-100%). A postoperative subsidence rate of 14.7% was found. No perioperative femoral fractures were found in the current patient series. Conclusions: This study showed excellent mid-term survival and good clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients who had undergone revision THA with a modular uncemented, tapered, straight design.
Transfusion Rate Using Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Hip Revision Surgery
Authors: Mariani Pablo , Buttaro Martin A. , Slullitel Pablo A. , Comba Fernando M. , Zanotti Gerardo , Ali Pablo , Piccaluga Francisco 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Hip revision surgery is associated with a high probability of the necessity for a blood transfusion. Different studies support the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) to decrease the rate of transfusions in primary hip surgery. Nevertheless, the use of this drug in hip revision surgery has not yet been widely accepted. The aim of our study was to establish the rate of blood transfusion with and without TXA in hip revision surgery. Methods We retrospectively studied 125 hip revision surgery patients operated on between 2011 and 2014. We divided our series into 2 groups: the TXA group with 61 patients (in which a 1000 mg dose of TXA was used before the skin incision and a second identical dose after skin closure) and a control group with 64 patients. We analysed the red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates and their odds risk as well as the presence of collateral complications. Results Average RBC transfusion was 2.7 units/patient (range 0-6) in the control group compared to 1.6 units/patient (range 0-6) in the TXA group. A 90.11% (odds ratio [OR] 0.098; confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.04; p<0.0029) odds risk reduction for transfusion of at least 1 unit of erythrocyte blood cell was observed in the TXA group. Complications associated with the TXA were similar in both groups. Interpretation The benefits of TXA have been shown in elective hip replacement. In this study, TXA proved to be safe and efficacious in reducing the need for transfusions following revision total hip arthroplasty.
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty for patients with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Morse Kyle W. , Su Edwin P. 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty has led to decreased revision rates and high implant survival rates as compared to prior generations of resurfacing. Many of the series that report on resurfacing outcomes focus upon patients treated with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Patients with inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are also treated in these series, however, their outcomes following resurfacing are underreported. The aim of this study was to determine complications that may occur following hip resurfacing in patients with inflammatory arthritis. A secondary aim was to determine functional outcomes following resurfacing. Methods: A search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed/OVID), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. 5 studies met eligibility criteria. This review includes 196 hips; 120 had a diagnosis of AS or seronegative spondyloarthropathy and 76 had a diagnosis of RA or juvenile RA. 8 revisions were reported at a mean time of 64.2 (8.67-275.58) weeks. Results: Femoral neck fracture was the most common indication for revision, occurring in 3.06% of all hips at 34.5 weeks (16.0-52.0). 2 infections, 2 reports of acetabular radiolucency, and no dislocations were reported. The University of California at Los Angeles score, Harris Hip Score, and Range of Motion were the most common functional outcomes measured, which increased in the majority of studies following resurfacing. Conclusions: Femoral neck fracture was the most common reason for revision in patients with inflammatory arthritis following resurfacing and there were no dislocations reported. Following resurfacing, these patients have improved functional outcomes.
Conceptual Metaphors of Pride in Middlemarch
Authors: Walker Kamila 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article explores the way George Eliot represents and comments on the ethics of pride in Middlemarch through the skillful use of conventional metaphors. Probably as a result of the long-standing distinction between positive and negative types of pride in Western cultures, the linguistic construction of this two-faceted emotion in Eliot's novelistic discourse is not an arbitrary process, but arises from conventionalized mental models of pride present in her unique narrative method. This uniqueness relies on bringing to fictional encounters this author's particular sensitivity to the psychological nature of this emotion, her own mental awareness of normative behaviors, and her way of recruiting the preconditions and embodied experience of pride to the service of her rhetorical and didactic aims. But this special capacity for representing affective experience can also be seen to be situated within a larger framework of familiar conceptual metaphors that this discussion scrutinizes. This analysis involves tracing the conventionalized embodied expressions for both types of pride as deployed by Eliot within her extraordinarily effective narrative technique.
Deep-sea spider crabs of the families Epialtidae MacLeay, 1838 and Inachidae MacLeay, 1838, from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)
Authors: Lee Bee Yan , Richer de Forges Bertrand , Ng Peter K.L. 
Published: October 2017

Recent expeditions (NANHAI 2014, DONGSHA 2014 and ZHONGSHA 2015) conducted in deep waters of the South China Sea obtained interesting material of various spider crabs (Majoidea) including several new records for the area, and two new species of epialtids of the genera Oxypleurodon Miers, 1885 and Stegopleurodon Richer de Forges & Ng, 2009. Two poorly known species, previously only known from their types, Rochinia strangeri Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973 and R. kagoshimensis (Rathbun, 1932) comb. nov., are redescribed, refigured, and their taxonomy discussed.
Les pratiques évaluatives et leurs effets dans l’intervention sociale
Authors: Artois Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Le principe de l’évaluation semble être devenu une norme d’organisation dans le secteur de l’intervention sociale. À partir d’une approche critique et réflexive basée sur une étude de cas dans le secteur de l’insertion socioprofessionnelle, nous interrogeons les nouvelles formes de rationalité que produit cette normalisation du « couple inséparable » qu’est l’évaluation-indicateur. Les effets se font ainsi sentir tant au niveau de la construction des politiques publiques, que sur l’organisation du travail et des services d’intervention sociale. Enfin, un troisième niveau d’analyse, souvent oublié, peut être convoqué. Celui de l’impact sur les destinataires des dispositifs sociaux ainsi que les travailleurs eux-mêmes.
Proposition d’un cadre conceptuel illustrant trois dimensions des relations entre chercheurs et partenaires de la pratique
Authors: Gervais Mathieu-Joël , Chagnon François , Houlfort Nathalie 
Published: October 2017

La valeur ajoutée d’établir des relations entre chercheurs et milieux de pratique pour favoriser l’utilisation des connaissances scientifiques n’est plus à démontrer. Il est cependant difficile de s’assurer que de telles relations amènent réellement une augmentation de l’utilisation des connaissances scientifiques dans la prise de décision. En prenant appui sur la théorie du capital social, cet article illustre trois dimensions (structurelle, relationnelle, cognitive) selon lesquelles les relations recherche-pratique devraient se construire afin de maximiser l’utilisation des connaissances scientifiques. Une réflexion critique entourant les indicateurs actuellement disponibles afin de mesurer le concept de « relations recherche-pratique » est également présentée.
Las representaciones sociales del alumnado sobre la crisis. ¿Qué soluciones ofrece el alumnado ante los problemas económicos?
Authors: Olmos Vila Rafael , González Monfort Neus , Pagès Blanch Joan 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre las representaciones sociales de adolescentes de 16 a 18 años de la actual crisis económica. Estos adolescentes pertenecen a dos grupos de bachillerato de un mismo centro educativo y provienen de contextos socioeconómicos similares, sin embargo uno de los dos cursa las asignaturas de Historia Contemporánea y Economía (Grupo A) y el otro no (Grupo B). Se recopila la información a partir de un cuestionario escrito sobre noticias actuales y de un grupo de discusión sobre el tema. Los resultados muestran la influencia de los medios de comunicación en las respuestas de ambos grupos y una mayor viabilidad de las soluciones propuestas por los estudiantes de Economía e Historia.
Observing the Impact of Calbuco Volcanic Aerosols on South Polar Ozone Depletion in 2015
Authors: Stone Kane A. , Solomon Susan , Kinnison Doug E. , Pitts Michael C. , Poole Lamont R. , Mills Michael J. , Schmidt Anja , Neely Ryan R. , Ivy Diane , Schwartz Michael J. , Vernier Jean‐Paul , Johnson Bryan J. , Tully Matthew B. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , König‐Langlo Gert , Hagiya Satoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere Antarctic stratosphere experienced two noteworthy events in 2015: a significant injection of sulfur from the Calbuco volcanic eruption in Chile in April and a record‐large Antarctic ozone hole in October and November. Here we quantify Calbuco's influence on stratospheric ozone depletion in austral spring 2015 using observations and an Earth system model. We analyze ozonesondes, as well as data from the Microwave Limb Sounder. We employ the Community Earth System Model, version 1, with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) in a specified dynamics setup, which includes calculations of volcanic effects. The Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization data indicate enhanced volcanic liquid sulfate 532 nm backscatter values as far poleward as 68°S during October and November (in broad agreement with WACCM). Comparison of the location of the enhanced aerosols to ozone data supports the view that aerosols played a major role in increasing the ozone hole size, especially at pressure levels between 150 and 100 hPa. Ozonesonde vertical ozone profiles from the sites of Syowa, South Pole, and Neumayer display the lowest individual October or November measurements at 150 hPa since the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption period, with Davis showing similarly low values, but no available 1990 data. The analysis suggests that under the cold conditions ideal for ozone depletion, stratospheric volcanic aerosol particles from the moderate‐magnitude eruption of Calbuco in 2015 greatly enhanced austral ozone depletion, particularly at 55–68°S, where liquid binary sulfate aerosols have a large influence on ozone concentrations.
The Challenge Posed by Geomagnetic Activity to Electric Power Reliability: Evidence From England and Wales
Authors: Forbes Kevin F. , St. Cyr O. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses whether geomagnetic activity challenged the reliability of the electric power system during part of the declining phase of solar cycle 23. Operations by National Grid in England and Wales are examined over the period of 11 March 2003 through 31 March 2005. This paper examines the relationship between measures of geomagnetic activity and a metric of challenged electric power reliability known as the net imbalance volume (NIV). Measured in megawatt hours, NIV represents the sum of all energy deployments initiated by the system operator to balance the electric power system. The relationship between geomagnetic activity and NIV is assessed using a multivariate econometric model. The model was estimated using half‐hour settlement data over the period of 11 March 2003 through 31 December 2004. The results indicate that geomagnetic activity had a demonstrable effect on NIV over the sample period. Based on the parameter estimates, out‐of‐sample predictions of NIV were generated for each half hour over the period of 1 January to 31 March 2005. Consistent with the existence of a causal relationship between geomagnetic activity and the electricity market imbalance, the root‐mean‐square error of the out‐of‐sample predictions of NIV is smaller; that is, the predictions are more accurate, when the statistically significant estimated effects of geomagnetic activity are included as drivers in the predictions.
Analog‐Based Postprocessing of Navigation‐Related Hydrological Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Hemri S. , Klein B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInland waterway transport benefits from probabilistic forecasts of water levels as they allow to optimize the ship load and, hence, to minimize the transport costs. Probabilistic state‐of‐the‐art hydrologic ensemble forecasts inherit biases and dispersion errors from the atmospheric ensemble forecasts they are driven with. The use of statistical postprocessing techniques like ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) allows for a reduction of these systematic errors by fitting a statistical model based on training data. In this study, training periods for EMOS are selected based on forecast analogs, i.e., historical forecasts that are similar to the forecast to be verified. Due to the strong autocorrelation of water levels, forecast analogs have to be selected based on entire forecast hydrographs in order to guarantee similar hydrograph shapes. Custom‐tailored measures of similarity for forecast hydrographs comprise hydrological series distance (SD), the hydrological matching algorithm (HMA), and dynamic time warping (DTW). Verification against observations reveals that EMOS forecasts for water level at three gauges along the river Rhine with training periods selected based on SD, HMA, and DTW compare favorably with reference EMOS forecasts, which are based on either seasonal training periods or on training periods obtained by dividing the hydrological forecast trajectories into runoff regimes.