bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The δ18O stratigraphy of the Hoxnian lacustrine sequence at Marks Tey, Essex, UK: implications for the climatic structure of MIS 11 in Britain
Authors: Tye G. J. , Sherriff J. , Candy I. , Coxon P. , Palmer A. , McClymont E. L. , Schreve D. C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTMarine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) is considered one of the best analogues for the Holocene. In the UK the long lacustrine sequence at Marks Tey, Essex, spans the entirety of the Hoxnian interglacial, the British correlative of MIS 11c. We present multiproxy evidence from a new 18.5‐m core from this sequence. Lithostratigraphy, pollen stratigraphy and biomarker evidence indicate that these sediments span the pre‐, early and late temperate intervals of this interglacial as well as cold climate sediments that post‐date the Hoxnian. The δ18O signal of endogenic carbonate from this sequence produces several clear patterns that are interpreted as reflecting the climatic structure of the interglacial. As well as providing evidence for long‐term climate stability during the interglacial and a major post‐Hoxnian stadial/interstadial oscillation the δ18O signal provides strong evidence for abrupt cooling events during the interglacial itself. One of these isotopic events occurs in association with a short‐lived increase in non‐arboreal pollen (the NAP phase). The results presented here are discussed in the context of other MIS 11 records from Europe and the North Atlantic, particularly with respect to our understanding of the occurrence of abrupt climatic events in pre‐Holocene interglacials. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Iodide and iodate effects on the growth and fruit quality of strawberry
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Hui‐Ping , Hong Chun‐Lai , Dai Zi‐Xi , Liu Jia‐Wei , Zhou Jun , Hu Chun‐Qing , Weng Huan‐Xin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIodine deficiency is an environmental health problem affecting one‐third of the global population. An iodine biofortification hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the iodide and iodate uptake characteristics of strawberry plants, to measure the dosage effects of iodine on plant growth and to evaluate the influence of I− or IO3− application on fruit quality.RESULTSAfter biofortification, the iodine contents of the fresh strawberry fruits were 600–4000 µg kg−1, covering the WHO dietary iodine allowance of 150 µg · day−1 for adults. The iodine uptake of the strawberry plants increased with increasing I− or IO3− concentration of the culture solution. At the same iodine concentration, the iodate uptakes of various plant organs under I− treatments were apparently more than those under IO3− treatments. Low‐level exogenous iodine (I− ≤ 0.25 mg L−1 or IO3− ≤ 0.50 mg L−1) not only promoted plant growth and increased biomass per plant, but also improved fruit quality by enhancing the vitamin C and soluble sugar contents of the strawberry fruits. Nevertheless, excessive exogenous iodine inhibited plant growth and reduced biomass per plant. IO3− uptake apparently increased the total acidity and nitrate content of the fruits, reducing the quality of the strawberry fruits. Conversely, I− uptake obviously decreased the total acidity and nitrate content of the strawberry fruits, improving the fruit quality.CONCLUSIONThe strawberry can be used as a target crop for iodine biofortification. Furthermore, applying an appropriate dose of KI can improve the fruit quality of the strawberry plants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of lek count protocols on greater sage‐grouse population trend estimates
Authors: Monroe Adrian P. , Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAnnual counts of males displaying at lek sites are an important tool for monitoring greater sage‐grouse populations (Centrocercus urophasianus), but seasonal and diurnal variation in lek attendance may increase variance and bias of trend analyses. Recommendations for protocols to reduce observation error have called for restricting lek counts to within 30 minutes of sunrise, but this may limit the number of lek counts available for analysis, particularly from years before monitoring was widely standardized. Reducing the temporal window for conducting lek counts also may constrain the ability of agencies to monitor leks efficiently. We used lek count data collected across Wyoming during 1995−2014 to investigate the effect of lek counts conducted between 30 minutes before and 30, 60, or 90 minutes after sunrise on population trend estimates. We also evaluated trends across scales relevant to management, including statewide, within Working Group Areas and Core Areas, and for individual leks. To further evaluate accuracy and precision of trend estimates from lek count protocols, we used simulations based on a lek attendance model and compared simulated and estimated values of annual rate of change in population size (λ) from scenarios of varying numbers of leks, lek count timing, and count frequency (counts/lek/year). We found that restricting analyses to counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise generally did not improve precision of population trend estimates, although differences among timings increased as the number of leks and count frequency decreased. Lek attendance declined >30 minutes after sunrise, but simulations indicated that including lek counts conducted up to 90 minutes after sunrise can increase the number of leks monitored compared to trend estimates based on counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise. This increase in leks monitored resulted in greater precision of estimates without reducing accuracy. Increasing count frequency also improved precision. These results suggest that the current distribution of count timings available in lek count databases such as that of Wyoming (conducted up to 90 minutes after sunrise) can be used to estimate sage‐grouse population trends without reducing precision or accuracy relative to trends from counts conducted within 30 minutes of sunrise. However, only 10% of all Wyoming counts in our sample (1995−2014) were conducted 61−90 minutes after sunrise, and further increasing this percentage may still bias trend estimates because of declining lek attendance. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effect of multiple‐sweeping on ablation performance during ex vivo laser nephrectomy
Authors: Oh Junghwan , Nam Seung Yun , Lee Yong Wook , Kang Hyun Wook 
Published: March 2016

Background and ObjectiveFiber‐assisted laser surgery has been employed as a minimally invasive method in various medical fields. In spite of multiple sweeping on tissue during laser treatments, the rate of tissue removal gradually decreases and eventually leads to longer irradiation times as well as deeper thermal injury. The objective of the current study was to quantitatively investigate the effect of multiple fiber sweeps on ablation performance during ex vivo 532‐nm laser nephrectomy.Materials and MethodsPorcine kidney tissue was used to evaluate variations in tissue ablation and coagulative necrosis after pre‐ and multiple‐sweeping with a 532 nm wavelength at various fiber speeds (2, 4, and 6 mm/second). The distance between a fiber tip and tissue surface was initially set at 1.5 mm, and no further distance change was performed. Double‐integrating spheres in conjunction with an adding‐doubling method were employed to measure variations in optical properties of the tested tissue. The extent of ablation and coagulation was quantified to identify the role of multiple‐sweeping at various fiber conditions.ResultsOptical property measurements showed a 30% decrease in light absorption but a more than threefold increase in light scattering after irreversible thermal denaturation. Pre‐sweeping yielded insignificant effects on tissue coagulation due to almost consistent coagulation depths with numbers of pre‐sweeps. Ablation depths increased with more numbers of fiber sweeps and slower fiber speeds whereas coagulation depths thickened primarily with the slower speeds. Multiple‐sweeping induced saturation in ablation volume with the increasing numbers of multiple‐sweeps irrespective of the fiber speed.ConclusionA combination of coagulation barriers, spatial distribution of power, and temporal interplay of optical energy could attribute to continuously lessen the amount of the ablated tissue with the multiple sweeps. Optical power modulation with varying fiber conditions (speed and distance) will be examined to optimize surgical parameters and to sustain the equivalent ablation performance of the first sweep with the multiple sweeping for laser nephrectomy. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:616–623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Double Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymers by Cobalt‐Mediated Radical Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (CMR‐PISA) in Water
Authors: Cordella Daniela , Debuigne Antoine , Jérôme Christine , Kochovski Zdravko , Taton Daniel , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: March 2016

Amphiphilic double poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) block copolymers are directly prepared by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization induced self‐assembly (CMR‐PISA) in water of N‐vinyl imidazolium monomers carrying distinct alkyl chains. The cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization of N‐vinyl‐3‐ethyl imidazolium bromide (VEtImBr) is first carried out until high conversion in water at 30 °C, using an alkyl bis(acetylacetonate)cobalt(III) adduct as initiator and controlling agent. The as‐obtained hydrophilic poly(N‐vinyl‐3‐ethyl imidazolium bromide) (PVEtImBr) is then used as a macroinitiator for the CMR‐PISA of N‐vinyl‐3‐octyl imidazolium bromide (VOcImBr). Self‐assembly of the amphiphilic PVEtImBr‐b‐PVOcImBr block copolymer, i.e., of PIL‐b‐PIL‐type, rapidly takes place in water, forming polymer nanoparticles consisting of a hydrophilic PVEtImBr corona and a hydrophobic PVOcImBr core. Preliminary investigation into the effect of the size of the hydrophobic block on the dimension of the nanoparticles is also described.
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Loss of Nigral Hyperintensity on 3 Tesla MRI of Parkinsonism: Comparison With 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT
Authors: Bae Yun Jung , Kim Jong‐Min , Kim Eunhee , Lee Kyung Mi , Kang Seo Young , Park Hyun Soo , Kim Kyeong Joon , Kim Young Eun , Oh Eung Seok , Yun Ji Young , Kim Ji Seon , Jeong Hye‐Jin , Jeon Beomseok , Kim Sang Eun 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether 3 Tesla susceptibility‐weighted imaging can detect the alteration of substantia nigra hyperintensity in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and to assess the concordance between the loss of nigral hyperintensity on 3 Tesla susceptibility‐weighted imaging and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration indicated by 123I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane single photon emission computerized tomography.MethodsConsecutive subjects with suspected parkinsonism were included, and clinical diagnosis was solidified during clinical follow‐up. Two blinded neuroradiologists interpreted the nigral hyperintensity on susceptibility‐weighted imaging. The performance of susceptibility‐weighted imaging for detection of nigral hyperintensity loss was estimated on the basis of the clinical diagnosis and compared with single photon emission computerized tomography results.ResultsThe study included 210 subjects (126 PD, 11 MSA, 11 PSP patients, 26 healthy controls, 36 disease controls). The presence or absence of nigral hyperintensity was accurately visualized in 112 PD, 7 MSA, and 11 PSP patients and 53 controls. We identified 16 false‐negative cases and 11 false‐positive cases. The sensitivity and specificity of susceptibility‐weighted imaging were 88.8% and 83.6%, respectively. The concordance rate between susceptibility‐weighted imaging and single photon emission computerized tomography was 86.2%.ConclusionsThe loss of nigral hyperintensity on susceptibility‐weighted imaging suggested nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in a large portion of patients with parkinsonism, which was indicated by 123I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane single photon emission computerized tomography. In consideration of false‐negative and ‐positive cases, well‐designed imaging protocols should be introduced to improve the performance of nigral hyperintensity imaging. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Error characteristics of temperature forecast in Finland for the period 1979–2011 in relation to various weather patterns
Authors: Hyrkkänen Juhana , Kilpinen Juha , Nurmi Pertti , Kaurola Jussi , Brockmann Matias 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe investigation of weather forecast errors has focussed mainly on assessing the physical causes in numerical weather forecasting, such as errors in the initial state and model deficiencies. The framework and context of this paper are different. A 30 year time series (1979–2011) of 1 and 2 day human forecasts of temperature in Finland were used to investigate the statistical and climatological characteristics of maximum and minimum temperature forecast errors. Error dependence on different flow types and weather regimes was also analysed. The error statistics indicate that the forecast root‐mean‐square error has halved, and the forecast hit rate within a 2.5 °C error threshold has increased from 70% to 85–90% during the 30 year period. Large forecast errors of >5 °C are presently very rare, and they are mostly seen as positive biases in extreme cold temperatures and inversions. Otherwise, the forecasts nowadays are mostly unbiased with only small negative biases associated with Foehn events.Forecast error extremes were found during winter, with a secondary peak in spring and under high pressure periods in non‐westerly and especially northeasterly airflows, dry air mass and relatively weak winds. The summertime maximum temperature errors are typically associated with opposite weather situations that occur most typically with cyclonic circulations, moist air masses and strong winds.
Correction of a 1 km daily rainfall dataset for modelling forest ecosystem processes in Italy
Authors: Fibbi Luca , Chiesi Marta , Moriondo Marco , Bindi Marco , Chirici Gherardo , Papale Dario , Gozzini Bernardo , Maselli Fabio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe availability of daily meteorological data over extended wide areas is a common requirement to model ecosystem processes on a regional scale. The meteorological dataset E‐OBS (European Observations) has been downscaled in 2012 to a 1 km spatial resolution in Italy. The assessment of this dataset against ground measurements revealed a marked under‐estimation of rainfall, which is a major driving factor for vegetation growth in water‐limited Mediterranean environments. The objective of the present study is to correct the downscaled rainfall dataset through the use of additional ground meteorological data collected over a 30 year period (1981–2010). The corrected dataset was evaluated using the ecosystem process model BIOME‐BGC (BioGeochemical Cycles). After identifying the most under‐estimated areas, seven sites that were representative of different forest ecosystems were selected; for each of these sites, gross primary production (GPP) was simulated using the E‐OBS original and corrected rainfall datasets. The test was completed for one site in central Italy (IT‐Ro2), assessing the outputs of the BIOME‐BGC data versus the daily GPP data obtained by the eddy correlation technique. In all cases, the use of the corrected dataset produced more realistic GPP simulations; for IT‐Ro2, the mean bias error was 0.18 instead of 2.33 g C m−2 day−1. The beneficial effect of the correction depended on the aridity of the examined site, that is, it was the maximum in the driest Mediterranean ecosystems and almost null in the most humid environments. It can therefore be concluded that the corrected dataset is suitable to drive the long‐term simulation of forest ecosystem processes in all Italian eco‐climatic conditions.
Identification of pinostilbene as a major colonic metabolite of pterostilbene and its inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells
Authors: Sun Yue , Wu Xian , Cai Xiaokun , Song Mingyue , Zheng Jinkai , Pan Che , Qiu Peiju , Zhang Lijuan , Zhou Shuangde , Tang Zhonghai , Xiao Hang 
Published: March 2016

ScopePterostilbene (PTE) is a resveratrol derivative mainly found in blueberries, and it has been shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in multiple animal models. To shed light on the mechanism of PTE in inhibiting colon carcinogenesis, we investigated the PTE metabolites in the mouse colon and in the human colon cancer cells.Methods and resultsCD‐1 mice were fed PTE‐containing diet for 3 weeks, and colonic content and colonic mucosa were collected and subjected to LC‐MS analysis. Pinostilbene (PIN) was identified as a major metabolite of PTE in the mouse colon. Importantly, the level of PIN was found to be approximately equivalent to that of PTE in the colonic mucosa. PIN significantly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer cells, i.e., HCT116 and HT29. These inhibitory effects were similar to those produced by PTE. Moreover, under physiologically relevant conditions, 20 and 40 μM of PIN caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. These effects were associated with profound modulation of signaling proteins related with cell proliferation and programmed cell death.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that PIN is a major metabolite of PTE in the colon of mice fed with PTE, and PIN may play important roles in the anti‐colon cancer effects elicited by orally administered PTE.
Maternal high‐salt diet altered PKC/MLC20 pathway and increased ANG II receptor‐mediated vasoconstriction in adult male rat offspring
Authors: Li Weisheng , Lv Juanxiu , Wu Jue , Zhou Xiuwen , Jiang Lin , Zhu Xiaolin , Tu Qing , Tang Jiaqi , Liu Yanping , He Axin , Zhong Yuan , Xu Zhice 
Published: March 2016

ScopeHigh‐salt diet (HSD) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims at ascertaining the influence of maternal HSD on offspring's angiotensin II (ANG II)‐mediated vasoconstriction and the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsIn comparison to a normal‐salt diet, HSD used in pregnancy in rats changed the ultrastructures of the coronary artery (CA) in 5‐month‐old male offspring, and increased ANG II‐mediated CA contractility. Measurement of [Ca2+]i in CA using fluorescent fura‐2, a Ca2+ indicator, showed that ANG II‐mediated increases in [Ca2+]i were the same between HSD and normal‐salt diet groups, but the ratio of diameter change/[Ca2+]i induced by ANG II were significantly higher in HSD groups. Angiotensin II receptor type 1, not angiotensin II receptor type 2, caused ANG II‐mediated vasoconstriction. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X attenuated the ANG II‐mediated vasoconstriction, PKC agonist phorbol12,13‐dibutyrate produced a greater contraction. There was an increase in PKCβ mRNA and the corresponding protein abundance in the offspring, whereas other PKC subunits PKCα, PKCδ, and PKCε did not change. Moreover, 20 kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation levels were increased in HSD group.ConclusionMaternal HSD affected the developmental programing for the offspring CA, with increased ANG II‐mediated vasoconstrictions. The angiotensin II receptor type 1‐PKC‐20 kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation pathway was the possible mediated cellular mechanism.
Polyphenol rich olive oils improve lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial
Authors: Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Valls Rosa‐Maria , Castañer Olga , Rubió Laura , Catalán Úrsula , Pedret Anna , Macià Alba , Sampson Maureen L. , Covas María‐Isabel , Fitó Montserrat , Motilva Maria‐José , Remaley Alan T. , Solà Rosa 
Published: March 2016

ScopeLipoprotein particle measures performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and associated ratios, may be better markers for atherosclerosis risk than conventional lipid measures. The effect of two functional olive oils, one enriched with its polyphenols (FVOO, 500 ppm), and the other (FVOOT) with them (250 ppm) and those of thyme (250 ppm), versus a standard virgin olive oil (VOO), on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profiles was assessed.Methods and resultsIn a randomized, double‐blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic individuals received 25 mL/day of VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT. Intervention periods were of 3 weeks separated by 2‐week washout periods. Lipoprotein particle counts and subclasses were measured by NMR. Polyphenols from olive oil and thyme modified the lipoprotein subclasses profile and decreased the total LDL particle/total HDL particle (HDL‐P), small HDL/large HDL, and HDL‐cholesterol/HDL‐P ratios, and decreased the lipoprotein insulin resistance index (LP‐IR) (p < 0.05).ConclusionOlive oil polyphenols, and those from thyme provided benefits on lipoprotein particle atherogenic ratios and subclasses profile distribution. Polyphenol‐enriched olive oil is a way of increasing the olive oil healthy properties while consuming the same amount of fat, as well as a useful and complementary tool for the management of cardiovascular risk individuals.
In vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors by optimized point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 7T
Authors: Ganji Sandeep K. , An Zhongxu , Tiwari Vivek , McNeil Sarah , Pinho Marco C. , Pan Edward , Mickey Bruce E. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Choi Changho 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo test the efficacy of 7T MRS for in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in brain tumors.MethodsThe subecho times of point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) were optimized at 7T with density‐matrix simulations and phantom validation to improve the 2HG signal selectivity with respect to the neighboring resonances of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and glutamine (Gln). MRS data were acquired from 12 subjects with gliomas in vivo and analyzed with LCModel using calculated basis spectra. Metabolite levels were quantified using unsuppressed short echo time (TE) water as a reference.ResultsThe PRESS TE was optimized as TE = 78 ms (TE1 = 58 ms and TE2 = 20 ms), at which the 2HG 2.25 ppm resonance appeared as a temporally maximum inverted narrow peak and the GABA, Glu, and Gln resonances between 2.2 and 2.5 ppm were all positive peaks. The PRESS TE = 78 ms method offered improved discrimination of 2HG from Glu, Gln, and GABA when compared with short‐TE MRS. 2HG was detected in all patients enrolled in the study, the estimated 2HG concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 6.2 mM, with percentage standard deviation of 2%–7%.ConclusionData indicate that the optimized MRS provides good selectivity of 2HG from other metabolite signals and may confer reliable in vivo detection of 2HG at relatively low concentrations. Magn Reson Med 77:936–944, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine