bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of caffeine in hydrogel colloidosome: optimization of fabrication, characterization and release kinetics evaluation
Authors: Amiryousefi Mohammad Reza , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Koocheki Arash 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this research, hydrogel‐based colloidosome with the shell of CaCO3 microparticles was used to encapsulate caffeine as a model flavour compound. The results of the microscopic evaluation showed that the optimum parameters to fabricate this type of colloidosome were a volume fraction of water equal to 0.2 and a weight of CaCO3 microparticles to the volume of aqueous solution equal to 0.04 g/ml. In these conditions, when CaCO3 particles were dispersed in sunflower oil and then water in oil emulsion was prepared, with adding D‐gluconic acid δ‐lactone, water droplets containing alginate slowly gelate with the outer layer of CaCO3 particles in micrometer hydrogels without coagulation. CaCO3 microparticles act as both a cross‐linker for the alginate and a stabilizer of water in oil emulsion. After leaving for 48 h, the hydrogel colloidosomes sank to the bottom of the container as a result of gravity. In the optimum state, the colloidosomes had maximum stability and uniformity. After 5 h, this colloidosome sample continued the caffeine release in water up to 55% maximally while using mouth conditions for this sample, the release of the loaded caffeine increased 33% and reached to 73%. Kinetics release of caffeine from colloidosome samples was evaluated using the spectrophotometery method and the measurement of the released caffeine concentration. The results of modelling showed that the Korsmeyer–Peppas model is the best model for describing the release behaviour in mouth conditions (R2 ≥ 0.991), whereas the Kopcha model had the maximum coefficient of determination in conditions without shear (R2 ≥ 0.968). Overall, release in all colloidosome samples was from the Fickian diffusion type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recycling of osmotic solutions in microwave–osmotic dehydration: product quality and potential for creation of a novel product
Authors: Wray Derek , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite osmotic dehydration being a cost effective process for moisture removal, the cost implications of making, regenerating, and properly disposing of the spent osmotic solutions contributes greatly to the economic feasibility of the drying operation. The potential for recycling of osmotic solutions and their use for creation of a novel product was explored using microwave–osmotic dehydration under continuous flow spray (MWODS) conditions.RESULTSIdentical runs were repeated 10 times to determine the progressive physical and compositional effects of the thermal treatment and leaching from the cranberry samples. The microbiological stability and constant drying performance indicated that MWODS would be well suited for employing recycled solutions. While the anthocyanin content of the solution never approached that of cranberry juice concentrate, it is demonstrated that the spent syrup can infuse these health positive components into another product (apple).CONCLUSIONThis study found that re‐using osmotic solutions is a viable option to reduce cost in future MWODS applications, with no detriment to product quality and potential to use the spent solution for novel products. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction methods of Amaranthus sp. grain oil isolation
Authors: Krulj Jelena , Brlek Tea , Pezo Lato , Brkljača Jovana , Popović Sanja , Zeković Zoran , Bodroža Solarov Marija 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus sp. is a fast‐growing crop with well‐known beneficial nutritional values (rich in protein, fat, dietary fiber, ash, and minerals, especially calcium and sodium, and containing a higher amount of lysine than conventional cereals). Amaranthus sp. is an underexploited plant source of squalene, a compound of high importance in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.RESULTSThis paper has examined the effects of the different extraction methods (Soxhlet, supercritical fluid and accelerated solvent extraction) on the oil and squalene yield of three genotypes of Amaranthus sp. grain. The highest yield of the extracted oil (78.1 g kg−1) and squalene (4.7 g kg−1) in grain was obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) in genotype 16. Post hoc Tukey's HSD test at 95% confidence limit showed significant differences between observed samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used for assessing the effect of different genotypes and extraction methods on oil and squalene yield, and also the fatty acid composition profile. Using coupled PCA and CA of observed samples, possible directions for improving the quality of product can be realized.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that it is very important to choose both the right genotype and the right method of extraction for optimal oil and squalene yield. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic Stress among Victimized Latino Women: Evaluating the Role of Cultural Factors
Authors: Cuevas Carlos A. , Sabina Chiara , Picard Emilie H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch examining victimization and posttraumatic symptomatology among Latinos is lacking in the extant literature. This analysis used the victimized subsample (N= 752) of the Sexual Assault Among Latinas Study. The aim was to evaluate victimization prevalence and test the following hypotheses: (a) that victimization would be associated with higher levels of posttraumatic symptoms, (b) that cultural factors that move away from traditional Latino culture would be associated with higher levels of posttraumatic symptomatology, and (c) that cultural factors associated with traditional Latino culture would be related to lower posttraumatic symptomatology. Average age of the sample was 44.57 years, with three fourths having a high school education or higher, and two thirds having a household income below $30,000. Of exposure types, adulthood threats were most likely to result in Criterion A traumatic events (23.4%). Using theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) based PTSD Checklist, between 8.8% and 45.5% of individuals met presumed PTSD diagnosis based on various PCL cut scores or algorithm criteria. Regression analyses indicated that the combined different types of adult and childhood victimizations, masculine gender role, and negative religious coping were associated with increased symptoms (βs ranging from .16 to .27). The results suggested a role of culture in posttraumatic symptoms for Latinas.
Living ROMP Synthesis and Redox Properties of Diblock Ferrocene/Cobalticenium Copolymers
Authors: Ciganda Roberto , Gu Haibin , Castel Patricia , Zhao Penxiang , Ruiz Jaime , Hernández Ricardo , Astruc Didier 
Published: November 2015

Using the third‐generation Grubbs catalyst, the living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of ferrocene/cobalticenium copolymers is conducted with theoretical numbers of 25 monomer units for each block, and their redox and electrochemical properties allow using the Bard–Anson electrochemical method to determine the number of metallocenyl units in each block.
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Dietary emulsifiers from milk and soybean differently impact adiposity and inflammation in association with modulation of colonic goblet cells in high‐fat fed mice
Authors: Lecomte Manon , Couëdelo Leslie , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Plaisancié Pascale , Létisse Marion , Benoit Bérengère , Gabert Laure , Penhoat Armelle , Durand Annie , Pineau Gaëlle , Joffre Florent , Géloën Alain , Vaysse Carole , Laugerette Fabienne , Michalski Marie‐Caroline 
Published: November 2015

ScopeEnhanced adiposity and metabolic inflammation are major features of obesity that could be impacted by dietary emulsifiers. We investigated in high‐fat fed mice the effects of using a new polar lipid (PL) emulsifier from milk (MPL) instead of soybean lecithin (soybean PL [SPL]) on adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa function.Methods and resultsFour groups of C57BL6 mice received for 8 wks a low‐fat (LF) diet or a high‐fat diet devoid of PLs or an high‐fat diet including MPL (high‐fat‐MPL) or SPL (high‐fat‐SPL). Compared with high‐fat diet, high‐fat‐SPL diet increased white adipose tissue (WAT) mass (p < 0.05), with larger adipocytes (p < 0.05) and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, monochemoattractant protein‐1, LPS‐binding protein, and leptin (p < 0.05). This was not observed with high‐fat‐MPL diet despite similar dietary intakes and increased expression of fatty acid transport protein 4 and microsomal TG transfer protein, involved in lipid absorption, in upper intestine (p < 0.05). High‐fat‐MPL mice had a lower expression in WAT of cluster of differentiation 68, marker of macrophage infiltration, versus high‐fat and high‐fat‐SPL mice (p < 0.05), and more goblet cells in the colon (p < 0.05).ConclusionsUnlike SPL, MPL in the high‐fat diet did not induce WAT hypertrophy and inflammation but increased colonic goblet cells. This supports further clinical exploration of different sources of dietary emulsifiers in the frame of obesity outbreak.
Hard is Normal: Military Families' Transitions Within the Process of Deployment
Authors: Yablonsky Abigail M. , Barbero Edie Devers , Richardson Jeanita W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUS military deployments have become more frequent and lengthier in duration since 2003. Over half of US military members are married, and many also have children. The authors sought to understand the process of deployment from the perspective of the military family. After a thorough search of the literature, 21 primary research reports of 19 studies with an aggregate sample of 874 were analyzed using qualitative metasynthesis. The deployment process was experienced in four temporal domains. The military family as a whole shared the pre‐deployment transition: all family members felt uncertain about the future, needed to complete tasks to “get ready” for deployment, and experienced a sense of distancing in preparation for the upcoming separation. The AD member went through the deployment transition independently, needing to “stay engaged” with the military mission, building a surrogate family and simultaneously trying to maintain connection with the family at home. In parallel, the home front family was going through a transposement transition, moving forward as an altered family unit, taking on new roles and responsibilities, and trying to simultaneously connect with the deployed member and find support from other military families. In post‐deployment, the family went through the “reintegration” transition together, managing expectations, and readjusting family roles, all needing understanding and appreciation for their sacrifices during the recent separation. Effective family communication was important for military family well‐being after deployment but unexpectedly challenging for many. Clinical, research, and policy recommendations are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article has been contributed to by a US Government employee and her work is in the public domain in the USA.
Degradable precision polynorbornenes via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Moatsou Dafni , Nagarkar Amit , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to introduce monomer sequence control in a growing polynorbornene via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, we employ dioxepins to efficiently determine the location of the monomers on the macromolecule backbone. Owing to the acid‐labile acetal group, dioxepins allow scission of the polymer at the point of the dioxepin insertion and thus provide an indirect way to determine the monomer location. Additionally, dioxepins are used as spacers in the synthesis of multiblock polynorbornenes that are readily cleavable to afford the individual polynorbornene blocks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1236–1242
Wild type HBx and truncated HBx: Pleiotropic regulators driving sequential genetic and epigenetic steps of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression of HBV‐associated neoplasms
Authors: Niller Hans Helmut , Ay Eva , Banati Ferenc , Demcsák Anett , Takacs Maria , Minarovits Janos 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the causative agents of hepatocellular carcinoma. The molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis are complex. One of the host factors involved is apparently the long‐lasting inflammatory reaction which accompanies chronic HBV infection. Although HBV lacks a typical viral oncogene, the HBx gene encoding a pleiotropic regulatory protein emerged as a major player in liver carcinogenesis. Here we review the tumorigenic functions of HBx with an emphasis on wild type and truncated HBx variants, and their role in the transcriptional dysregulation and epigenetic reprogramming of the host cell genome. We suggest that HBx acquired by the HBV genome during evolution acts like a cellular proto‐onc gene that is activated by deletion during hepatocarcinogenesis. The resulting viral oncogene (v‐onc gene) codes for a truncated HBx protein that facilitates tumor progression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICT, Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context
Authors: Gërguri‐Rashiti Shqipe , Ramadani Veland , Abazi‐Alili Hyrije , Dana Léo‐Paul , Ratten Vanessa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the impact of information communication technologies (ICT) and innovation activities on firm performance using the Business Environment Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) firm‐level data in the three rounds: 2002, 2005, and 2008. The novelty of this research is based on the idea of studying the usage of ICT and innovation activities on firm performance by using dynamic approach so that we can estimate the adjustments that arise from the impact of ICT and innovation activities. The rapid technological development and the growing use of information technology (IT) in business organizations have become the center of attention in past few years. A bulk of literature has been published on the use of IT in different industries, different types of business organizations, and in different areas of business management. On the other hand, the probability of the firm to undertake innovation activities has shown to enhance firm performance. This study implements various estimations on BEEPS observations to test whether the change in the usage of ICT and other innovation determinants have increase the probability of firms to undertake innovation activities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering of isoamylase: improvement of protein stability and catalytic efficiency through semi-rational design
Authors: Li Youran , Zhang Liang , Ding Zhongyang , Gu Zhenghua , Shi Guiyang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Isoamylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and α/β-limit dextrins. A semi-rational design strategy was performed to improve catalytic properties of isoamylase from Bacillus lentus. Three residues in vicinity of the essential residues, Arg505, Asn513, and Gly608, were chosen as the mutation sites and were substituted by Ala, Pro, Glu, and Lys, respectively. Thermal stability of the mutant R505P and acidic stability of the mutant R505E were enhanced. The k cat /K m values of the mutant G608V have been promoted by 49 %, and the specific activity increased by 33 %. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the catalytic activity and stability of isoamylase, and the results obtained here may be useful for the improvement of catalytic properties of other α/β barrel enzymes.
Femoral derotation osteotomy with multi-level soft tissue procedures in children with cerebral palsy: Does it improve gait quality?
Authors: Saglam Yavuz , Ekin Akalan N. , Temelli Yener , Kuchimov Shavkat 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Poor motor control and delayed thumb function and a delay in walking are the main factors which retard the natural decrease of the femoral anteversion (FA) with age. In addition, cerebral palsy (CP) patients usually have muscular imbalance around the hip as well as muscle contractures, both of which are main factors accounting for the increased FA which is commonly present in CP patients. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the mid-term results of femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO) on the clinical findings, temporospatial and kinematic parameters of gait in children with CP. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with CP and increased FA who were treated with FDO with multi-level soft tissue surgeries at a single institution between 1992 and 2011. FA assessment was done in the prone position, and internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the hip was measured in the absence of pelvis rotation. Surgical procedures were performed on the basis of both clinical findings and video analysis. Clinical findings, Edinburgh Visual Gait Scores (EVGS) and results from three-dimensional gait analysis were analyzed preoperatively and last follow-up. Results A total of 93 patients with 175 affected extremities were included in this review. Mean age was 6.2 ± 3.1 (standard deviation) at initial surgery. The average length of the follow-up period was 6.3 ± 3.7 years. At the last follow-up, the postoperative hip IR had significantly decreased (73.9° vs. 46.2°; p < 0.0001), the hip ER had significantly improved (23.8° vs. 37°; p < 0.0001) and the popliteal angle had significantly decreased (64.2° vs. 55.8°; p < 0.0001). The total EVGS showed significant improvement after FDO (35.2 ± 6.4 vs. 22.5 ± 6.1; p < 0.001). Computed gait analysis showed significant improvement in the foot progression angle (FPA; 8.1° vs. −16.9°; p = 0.005) and hip rotation (−13.9° vs. 5.7°; p = 0.01) at the last follow-up. Stance time was improved (60.2 vs. 65.1 %; p = 0.02) and swing time was decreased (39.9 vs. 35.2 %; p = 0.03). Double support time and cadence were both decreased ( p = 0.032 and p = 0.01). Conclusions Our data suggest that the FDO is an appropriate treatment strategy for the correction of FA and associated in-toeing gait in children with CP. Improvements in clinical and kinematic parameters were observed in both groups after FDO with multi-level soft tissue release. The most prominent effects of FDO were on transverse plane hip rotation and FPA.
Variable uptake feature of focal nodular hyperplasia in Tc‐99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy/single‐photon emission computed tomography—A parametric analysis
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Ling , Chen Yu‐Wen , Lin Chia‐Yang , Lai Yun‐Chang , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Lin Zu‐Yau 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTc‐99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy remains the standard method for evaluating the functional features of Kupffer cells. In this study, we demonstrate the variable uptake feature of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in Tc‐99m phytate scintigraphy. We reviewed all patients who underwent Tc‐99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy between 2008 and 2012 in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Cases with FNH were diagnosed on the basis of pathology or at least one or more prior imaging with a periodic clinical follow‐up. All patients received a standard protocol of dynamic flow study and planar and Tc‐99m phytate single‐photon emission computed tomography (E. CAM; Siemens). The correlation of variable nodular radioactivity with parameters such as tumor size and localization was analyzed. In total, 15 lesions of 14 patients in the clinic were diagnosed as FNH. The tumor size was approximately 2.9–7.4 cm (mean size 4.6 cm). Four lesions were larger than 5 cm. The major anatomic distribution was in the right hepatic lobe (10 lesions), particularly in the superior segments (7 lesions). Tc‐99m phytate single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging for determining the functional features of Kupffer cells included cool/cold (8 lesions), isoradioactive/warm (6 lesions), and hot (1 lesion) patterns of uptake. We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between variable nodular radioactivity and tumor size (p = 0.68) or localization (p = 0.04). Herein, we demonstrate the variable uptake feature of FNH in Tc‐99m phytate scintigraphy. In small FNH tumors (< 5 cm), increased or equal uptake still provided specificity for the differential diagnosis of hepatic solid tumors.
Electrodiagnostic Testing and Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Canada
Authors: Li Pi Shan Rodney , Nicolle Michael , Chan Ming , Ashworth Nigel , White Chris , Winston Paul , Dukelow Sean 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectives: 1) Assess which electrodiagnostic studies Canadian clinicians use to aid in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). 2) Assess whether Canadian clinicians follow the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine/American Academy of Neurology/American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Practice Parameter for Electrodiagnostic Studies in CTS. 3) Assess how Canadian clinicians manage CTS once a diagnosis has been established. Methods: In this prospective observational study, an electronic survey was sent to all members of the Canadian Neuromuscular Group (CNMG) and the Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (CAPM&R) Neuromuscular Special Interest Group. Questions addressed which electrodiagnostic tests were being routinely used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Management recommendations for CTS was also explored. Results: Of the 70 individuals who completed the survey, fourteen different nerve conduction study techniques were reported. Overall, 36/70 (51%) of participants followed the AANEM/AAN/AAPM&R Practice Parameter. The standard followed by the fewest of our respondents with 64% compliance (45/70) was the use of a standard distance of 13 to 14 cm with respect to the median sensory nerve conduction study. Regarding management, 99% would recommend splinting in the case of mild CTS. In moderate CTS, splinting was recommended by 91% of clinicians and 68% would also consider referral for surgery. In severe CTS, most recommended surgery (93%). Conclusions: There is considerable variability in terms of which electrodiagnostic tests Canadian clinicians perform for CTS. Canadian clinicians are encouraged to adhere to the AANEM/AAN/AAPM&R Practice Parameter for Electrodiagnostic Studies in CTS.
Making or Administering Law and Policy? Discretion and Judgment in Employment Standards Enforcement in Ontario
Authors: Tucker Eric , Hall Alan , Vosko Leah , Hall Rebecca , Siemiatycki Elliot 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to advance an approach to analyzing decision-making by front line public officials. The notion of discretion in front line decision-making has been examined widely in the law and society literature. However, it has often failed to capture the different kinds and levels of decisions that enforcement officials make. Taking an interdisciplinary approach that draws on political, sociological, and legal analysis, we propose a new conceptual framework, one that draws a sharper distinction between discretion and judgment and teases out distinct levels in the scope and depth of decision-making. We then use this framework to create a conceptual map of the decision-making process of front-line officials charged with enforcing the Employment Standards Act (ESA) of Ontario, demonstrating that a deeper, more precise analysis of discretion and judgment can contribute to a richer understanding of front line decision-making and its social, political, and legal implications.