bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density‐driven facilitations increase ecological resilience under eutrophic stress
Authors: Cheng Chaoyue , Si Wenqing , Su Haojie , Chen Jianfeng , Rao Qingyang , Lin Yu , Xu Shiling , Hua Zhaohui , Peng Yongchao , Xu Ninghui , Xie Ping , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Eutrophication has been observed to decrease the ecological resilience of macrophyte‐dominated freshwater ecosystems, thereby resulting in more vulnerability to external perturbations and easily tipping into an algae‐dominated state. The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) posits that plants exhibit positive plant–plant interaction (facilitation) in response to stress, potentially buffering the detrimental impacts of eutrophication. However, few studies attempted to link plant density with species‐species interactions and ecological resilience in the context of eutrophic stress.

Here, we investigated how the density of neighbour plant species (Potamogeton lucens) affects the change rate of nutrients or Chl a (chlorophyll‐a) and target plant species (Potamogeton maackianus) along a gradient of nutrient levels (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic) via a 42 days mesocosm experiment. Our objective was to corroborate: (1) species interactions may shift from competition to facilitation with the increased eutrophic stress. (2) High plant density is indispensable to generate facilitation and thereby augment ecological resilience under high eutrophic stress.

Results showed that eutrophic scenarios significantly augmented chlorophyll‐a concentration and inhibited plant height, number of branches and leaves, showing that submerged macrophytes in eutrophic states are exposed to stressful conditions. However, the increasing density of neighbouring vegetation reduced nutrient and Chl a concentrations and enhanced the performance of Potamogeton maackianus in eutrophic conditions, but not in mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions. Our results indicated that density‐dependent facilitation is more prevalent in eutrophic circumstances, and species interactions are likely transformed from competition to facilitation with increasing nutrient concentrations.

Our research demonstrated that plant density could alter the relationship between facilitation and competition; high plant density is indispensable for the operation of the stress‐gradient hypothesis. Density‐dependent facilitation under severe conditions could mitigate the adverse influence of eutrophication. With freshwater ecosystems progressively subjected to eutrophication, harnessing the density‐dependent facilitation of submerged macrophytes in resilience‐driven management is crucial to inhibiting the transition to an algae‐dominated turbid state, which further broadens our understanding of the theory of alternative stable states in shallow lakes.
Ecological impact of freshwater invaders: A case study of gastropod assemblages in karstic spring ecosystems
Authors: Savić Ana , Dmitrović Dejan , Martínez Alejandro , Pešić Vladimir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Throughout the world, the exceptional biodiversity and endemism of spring ecosystems are threatened by the expansion of invasive species. However, mechanisms affecting the distribution and impact of invasive species on spring macroinvertebrate communities remain poorly understood.

We investigated the impact of the invasive New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum on the native gastropod assemblages of 43 karstic springs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Firstly, we showed that P. antipodarum invaded only human‐modified low‐altitude springs with lower dissolved oxygen concentrations (7.61 mg/L), where it co‐occurred only with four other gastropod species (out of the 17 recorded in our dataset), two of which are endemic Dinaric karst spring specialists. Then, by comparing the n‐dimensional ecological space of the springs invaded and uninvaded by the mud snail, we showed that low‐altitude springs have a higher risk of invasion.

Finally, we characterized the shift in the niche optimum exhibited by native endemic gastropods in invaded springs using Huisman–Olff–Fresco models.

Overall, we showed that human alterations of low‐altitude springs might facilitate the invasion of P. antipodarum, which possibly out‐competes endemic crenic species by displacing them to suboptimal niches. The use of Huisman–Olff–Fresco models and n‐dimensional hypervolumes together provided a useful framework for quantifying the response of endemic and endangered species to the spread of invaders in globally endangered spring habitats.
Low‐dose psilocybin in short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: results from an open‐label phase Ib ascending dose study
Authors: Rucker James , Butler Matt , Hambleton Sadie , Bird Catherine , Seynaeve Mathieu , Cheema Sanjay , Campbell‐Coker Kete , Maggio Carolina , Dunbar Fiona , Lambru Giorgio , Matharu Manjit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundShort‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA) are trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias that feature intense and recurrent paroxysms of pain and autonomic symptoms. Many patients are left with debilitating symptoms despite best‐available treatment. Psychedelics, such as the serotonin 2A partial agonist psilocybin, have shown promise in related disorders such as migraine and cluster headache. In this open‐label phase Ib ascending dose study, we aimed to assess the effects of low‐dose oral psilocybin with psychological support in six to 12 patients with chronic SUNHA. Study objectives were to determine effects on cognition, as well as safety, tolerability, and effects on headache severity and frequency.MethodsOral psilocybin in ascending doses of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg (one dose per session; three dosing sessions in total) were administered. Cognition was assessed via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery. Headache attacks were assessed via headache diaries and the six‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6). Subjective dose intensity was assessed via the five‐Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Questionnaire (5D‐ASC). The study was terminated early due to recruitment difficulties; four patients were enrolled, three of whom were study completers. Post hoc, we undertook a thematic analysis of the applicable free‐text clinical trial notes from the dosing and subsequent visits (n = 22). An inductive method was employed to establish emergent themes.ResultsNo significant adverse events were recorded. We were unable to collect data as planned on cognitive function during the acute experience due to high ratings of subjective dose intensity (mean 5D‐ASC scores 37.8–45.7). The impact of the headaches remained severe throughout the duration of the trial (HIT‐6 mean scores 64.3–65.7). There were limited effects on headache duration and severity based on the diaries; however, mean daily attack frequency decreased by >50% in two participants at final follow‐up (22.9 to 11.0 and 56.4 to 28.0, respectively). Completing participants and their clinicians recorded “much” (two participants) or “minimal” improvements (one participant) at final follow‐up via the Clinical Global Impression rating scale. Thematic analysis indicated that psychological insights were key features of participants’ experience; these insights included re‐configured relationships to their headache pain.ConclusionThe study met with recruitment difficulties and cognition could not be assessed during the acute experience due to subjective dose intensity, likely mediated in part by expectancy effects. The clinical results provide no conclusive evidence for the use of psilocybin in SUNHA. We suggest that accounting for psychological factors in chronic SUNHA may be an important facet of treatment.
Processing strategy to trigger grain growth in silicon nitride
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Zhou You , Hirao Kiyoshi , Ohji Tatsuki , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLarge silicon nitride (Si3N4) grain can enhance thermal conductivity and fracture toughness in the Si3N4 ceramics. In this study, in order to use pores as a grain growth trigger and to achieve final densification, a limited amount of pores were introduced into the green compact. The pores were introduced by using four types of pore formers with diameters of 2, 20, 30, and 100 µm, and the pore volume was in the range of 3–18 vol%. The presence of pores promoted grain growth regardless of their diameter and volume, because no collisions occurred among the grains in the pores, and larger pores formed larger elongated grains. However, their large volume and diameter inhibited densification. Based on this tradeoff, the pore formers with a diameter of 30 µm exhibited superior properties, and fracture toughness and thermal conductivity increased to 10.2 MPa·m1/2 and 118.2 W/(m·K), respectively, as the pore volume increased to 5 vol%. These results revealed that the pores in the compacts before sintering could improve the thermal conductivity and fracture toughness if they promoted grain growth during the sintering procedure and finally disappeared.
Endoscopic Re‐Instrumentation of Intrabony Defect–Associated Deep Residual Periodontal Pockets Is Non‐Inferior to Papilla Preservation Flap Surgery: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ho King‐Lun Dominic , Ho Ka‐Leong Ryan , Pelekos George , Leung Wai‐Keung , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimClinical practice guidelines suggest access flap surgery for managing deep residual pockets after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. Papilla‐preservation flap surgery (PPFS) is the least invasive approach to access and instrument biofilm‐contaminated root surfaces. Endoscopic‐assisted subgingival debridement (EASD) may enhance the outcomes of repeated instrumentation and provide a minimally invasive non‐surgical alternative.MethodsThis was a single‐blind, controlled, randomized, parallel‐group, non‐inferiority 12‐month trial comparing EASD with PPFS. Male and female adults with generalized stage III periodontitis and persistent periodontal pockets associated with an intrabony defect after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy were recruited at Prince Philip Dental Hospital. Inter‐group differences in clinical attachment level (CAL) changes at 12 months were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included pocket resolution (no pocket > 5 mm and no pocket > 4 with bleeding on probing), radiographic bone changes, treatment time, early wound healing and quality‐of‐life measurements.ResultsSixty‐two subjects (30 EASD and 32 PPFS) were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. CAL gains were 2.0 ± 1.0 and 1.8 ± 1.0 mm for test and controls, respectively. The 95% CI of the inter‐group difference was −0.3 to 0.8 mm and within the stipulated 1‐mm non‐inferiority margin. No inter‐group differences were observed (i) in pocket resolution, which was achieved in more than 87% of cases for all groups/time points, and (ii) in radiographic bone healing. The treatment time was significantly shorter for EASD than for PPFS. Better early wound healing index scores were observed for EASD. No inter‐group differences in pain, quality of life or safety were detected.ConclusionsEASD was not inferior to PPFS for managing residual pockets associated with intrabony defects. The observed outcome profile supports additional developments and studies to validate EASD as an alternative to surgery for isolated persistent pockets (ChiCTR‐INR‐16008407).
The social skills of autistic boys in preschool: the contributions of their dyadic and triadic interactions with their parents
Authors: Oppenheim David , Mottes‐Peleg Michal , Hamburger Lior , Slonim Michal , Maccabi Yael , Yirmiya Nurit 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe interactions of typically developing (TD) children within the family context are associated with their social skills in preschool, and the question guiding this study, which focused on boys, was whether the same would be true for autistic children. A specific focus was on the importance of the boys' engagement in triadic, mother–father–child interactions over and above their engagement in dyadic, parent–child interactions. The boys' social skills were assessed concurrently with their family interactions and one year later.MethodsSeventy‐five autistic preschooler boys (Age in months: M = 49.45, SD = 11.03) and both of their parents were recruited through treatment centers and social media. The boys' dyadic engagement was assessed from observations of their interactions with their mothers and fathers (separately), and their triadic engagement from an observation of mother–father–child interactions. The boys' social skills in preschool were assessed using a Q‐sort completed by observers and teachers and by the Social Responsiveness Questionnaire (SRS) completed by teachers.ResultsControlling for the severity of the boys' symptoms and IQ, their dyadic engagement was associated with the concurrent observer Q‐sort and teacher‐reported SRS measures, and their triadic engagement did not explain additional variance in these measures. Predicting over one year, dyadic engagement was associated again with the observer Q‐sort and teacher SRS measures, while the boys' triadic engagement accounted for additional variance in these measures as well as the teacher Q‐sort. Finally, boys' dyadic engagement predicted gains in social skills on the observer Q‐sort, and their triadic engagement was predictive of gains in the observer and teacher Q‐sort.ConclusionsThe engagement that autistic preschool‐age boys displayed in the context of their dyadic and triadic interactions with their parents appears to be transferred to the preschool setting, and triadic interactions are of particular significance.
Technical specification for developing a clinical practice guideline for the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Sun Rui , Yang Fengwen , Liu Jianping , Yu Jiajie , Sun Yuanyuan , Gao Xuemin , Zhang Boli , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinzhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) requires the accurate identification, collation, and integration of all available evidence on TCM and WM in a comprehensive, meaningful, and resource‐efficient manner. This entails framing appropriate clinical questions, retrieving and synthesizing evidence from multiple resources, and providing concise and complete recommendations for specific diseases. However, some existing CPGs for integrating TCM and WM lack deep and organic integration. As the effective preparation of a CPG for integrating TCM and WM typically involves a complex set of principles, methodology, and steps, we believe that a cohesive, step‐by‐step guide on how to prepare a CPG for integrating TCM and WM is essential. To facilitate the design and development of a robust CPG, we present a clear and concise methodology, outlining relevant principles and procedures, supported by references for guidance. This technical specification aims to simplify the methodology for preparing a CPG for integrating TCM and WM; provide healthcare professionals and researchers with methodologically sound tools; and enhance the quality of CPGs for integrating TCM and WM. This technical specification may help elucidate this complex process, facilitate evaluation of the quality of published CPGs for integrating TCM and WM, and improve the understanding and application of recommendations for the combined and integrated use of TCM and WM in a new system.
Toxic Effects of Five Insecticides on the Development and Enzymatic Activities of Trichogramma ostriniae
Authors: Zhu Wenya , Fan Rui , Liu Minglei , Wang Juan , Zhang Ye , Ma Ruiyan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAs an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma ostriniae (T. ostriniae) exhibits a broad host range and plays a crucial role in controlling various lepidopteran agricultural pests. However, the application of chemical pesticides negatively impacts its development and survival. Therefore, it is essential to assess the toxicity of commonly used insecticides against T. ostriniae and evaluate their compatibility. This study aims to determine the toxic effects of five common insecticides (dinotefuran, abamectin, imidacloprid, beta‐cypermethrin, and chlorantraniliprole) on the development, reproduction, and enzymatic activity of T. ostriniae. The contact, lethal, and developmental toxicities were evaluated. Activities of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (CYP450), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and protective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of T. ostriniae were examined after being treated with the five insecticides. The results showed that the order of lethal toxicity in adult T. ostriniae was beta‐cypermethrin > dinotefuran > imidacloprid > abamectin > chlorantraniliprole. The emergence rates of adult T. ostriniae exposed to insecticides during the egg and larval stages were higher than those exposed to insecticides during the prepupal and pupal stages. The activities of CYP450, GST, and SOD were increased, but CarE activity and ROS content were decreased in T. ostriniae treated with the five insecticides compared with the control. Beta‐cypermethrin increased the POD and CAT activities. Chlorantraniliprole decreased CAT activity and increased MDA content. The MRCCI of T. ostriniae was not significantly affected by any of the five insecticides tested. The ATP content of T. ostriniae was not significantly affected by chlorantraniliprole but was significantly decreased by the other four insecticides. In conclusion, the toxicities of the five insecticides to T. ostriniae were different, among which imidacloprid, dinotefuran, abamectin, and beta‐cypermethrin had a high risk of toxicity to T. ostriniae, and chlorantraniliprole had a low risk to T. ostriniae.
UV‐A Light Dehydration: Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation Against Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Roberts McKade S. , Karami Sajad , Bastarrachea Luis J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUV‐A light exposure (365 nm, 4.6 ± 0.2 mW/cm2) was combined with low relative humidity (RH) air flow at room temperature to dehydrate sweet potatoes and reduce the population of inoculated bacteria. Control samples underwent dehydration with low RH air at room temperature and in the absence of UV‐A light to assess the importance of UV‐A light in the dehydration and microbial reduction processes. The UV‐A light‐dehydrated sweet potatoes resulted in the removal of approximately 97.2% ± 2% of the original mass of water, which was significantly higher than the control samples. Infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the preservation of the physical and chemical integrity of the UV‐A light‐dehydrated samples. Despite the absence of pretreatments for enzyme inactivation, the UV‐A light‐dehydrated sweet potato did not exhibit a decrease in luminosity or darkening of color often associated with dehydration. Additionally, the utilization of UV‐A light for the dehydration of sweet potatoes inoculated with ~6 log(CFU/gDry solids) of Escherichia coli K12 resulted in a 99.9% ± 0.1% or 3.1 ± 0.5 log(CFU/gDry solids) reduction with only a 92.2% ± 0.1% or 1.3 ± 0.5 log(CFU/gDry solids) reduction resulting from the control samples dehydrated without UV‐A exposure. In the case of samples inoculated with ~6 log(CFU/gDry solids) of Listeria innocua L2 there was a 99.2% ± 0.5% or 2.2 ± 0.3 log(CFU/gDry solids) reduction when UV‐A light was utilized and only a 60.9% ± 10.3% or 0.4 ± 0.1 log(CFU/gDry solids) reduction when samples were dehydrated in its absence.
A public health/hospital partnership to improve Emergency Department transitions of care for vulnerable older adults
Authors: Southerland Lauren T. , Dixon Carolyn , Turner Shameka , West Kalih M. , Hairston Tameka , Rosen Tony , Rankin Caroline 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐dwelling older adults are at high risk for unmet social service needs. We describe a novel partnership embedding county services case managers in the Emergency Department (ED) to connect older adults to community services alongside their medical care.MethodsSetting: A medium‐sized urban ED with 55,000 patient visits a year. Intervention: Case managers from the Franklin County, Ohio Office on Aging (OA) were embedded within the ED. The OA team worked with the ED social work team to identify community‐dwelling older patients, perform an in‐person intake assessment, and initiate needed community services (including home‐delivered meals, emergency response systems, house repairs, and transportation). Program logic model and development are reported in detail.ResultsFrom June to December 2023, there were 7284 ED visits for adults ≥60 years old. Referrals to the OA case manager ranged from 1 to 13 per day. The OA case managers performed 252 full intake assessments on unique patients. The population was 51% men. Only 11% (n = 28) were currently connected to OA services, and of those already connected 29% (n = 8) needed increased services. Of the remaining unconnected patients (n = 224), 8% (n = 20) were not county residents and the OA team connected them with other county OAs. Half 53% (n = 120) were accepting of services and had services from the OA or other community health programs initiated during the ED visit. The OA team made three new Adult Protective Services referrals and one referral to the long‐term care ombudsman. The program did not increase ED length of stay or hospital admission rates.ConclusionsEmbedding county service enrollment within a community ED is a cost neutral intervention that reached a population without previous services. Future plans include expansion of the program and evaluation of the program's ability to detect elder mistreatment and self‐neglect.