bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage responses to 316L stainless steel and cobalt chromium alloys with different surface topographies
Authors: Anderson Jordan A. , Lamichhane Sujan , Mani Gopinath 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe surface topography of a biomaterial plays a vital role in determining macrophage interactions and influencing immune response. In this study, we investigated the effect of smooth and microrough topographies of commonly used metallic biomaterials such as 316 L stainless steel (SS) and cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) alloys on macrophage interactions. The macrophage adhesion was greater on CoCr compared to SS, irrespective of their topographies. The macrophage activation and the secretion of most pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IP‐10) were greater on microrough surfaces than on smooth surfaces by day‐1. However, by day‐2, the macrophage activation on smooth surfaces was also significantly increased up to the same level as observed on the microrough surfaces, with more amount of cytokines secreted. The secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) was significantly increased from day‐1 to day‐2 on all the alloy surfaces with the effect most prominently observed on microrough surfaces. The production of nitric oxide by the macrophages did not show any major substrate‐dependent effect. The foreign body giant cells formed by macrophages were least observed on the microrough surfaces of CoCr. Thus, this study demonstrated that the nature of material (SS or CoCr) and their surface topographies (smooth or microrough) strongly influence the macrophage responses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2658–2672, 2016.
Biological functionality and mechanistic contribution of extracellular matrix‐ornamented three dimensional Ti‐6Al‐4V mesh scaffolds
Authors: Kumar A. , Nune K. C. , Misra R. D. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe 3D printed metallic implants are considered bioinert in nature because of the absence of bioactive molecules. Thus, surface modification of bioinert materials is expected to favorably promote osteoblast functions and differentiation. In this context, the objective of this study is to fundamentally elucidate the effect of cell‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) ornamented 3D printed Ti‐6Al‐4V scaffolds on biological functions, involving cell adhesion, proliferation, and synthesis of vinculin and actin proteins. To mimic the natural ECM environment, the mineralized ECM of osteoblasts was deposited on the Ti‐6Al‐4V porous scaffolds, fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) method. The process comprised of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and freeze‐thaw cycles to obtain decellularized extra cellular matrix (dECM), in vitro. The dECM provided a natural environment to restore the natural cell functionality of osteoblasts that were cultured on dECM ornamented Ti‐6Al‐4V scaffolds. In comparison to the bare Ti‐6Al‐4V scaffolds, a higher cell functionality such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth including cell‐cell and cell‐material interaction were observed on dECM ornamented Ti‐6Al‐4V scaffolds, which were characterized by using markers for focal adhesion and cytoskeleton such as vinculin and actin. Moreover, electron microscopy also indicated higher cell–material interaction and enhanced proliferation of cells on dECM ornamented Ti‐6Al‐4V scaffolds, supported by MTT assay. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2751–2763, 2016.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel/chitosan scaffold hybrid for three‐dimensional stem cell culture and cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Mellati Amir , Kiamahalleh Meisam Valizadeh , Madani S. Hadi , Dai Sheng , Bi Jingxiu , Jin Bo , Zhang Hu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProviding a controllable and definable three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains a great challenge for cartilage tissue engineering. In this work, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymers with the degrees of polymerization of 100 and 400 (NI100 and NI400) were prepared and the polymer solutions were introduced into the preprepared chitosan porous scaffolds (CS) to form hybrids (CSNI100 and CSNI400, respectively). SEM images indicated that the PNIPAAm gel partially occupied chitosan pores while the interconnected porous structure of chitosan was preserved. MSCs were incorporated within the hybrid and cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were monitored. After 7‐day incubation of the cell‐laden constructs in a growth medium, the cell viability in CSNI100 and CSNI400 were 54 and 108% higher than that in CS alone, respectively. Glycosaminoglycan and total collagen contents increased 2.6‐ and 2.5‐fold after 28‐day culture of cell‐laden CSNI400 in the chondrogenic medium. These results suggest that the hybrid structure composed of the chitosan porous scaffold and the well‐defined PNIPAAm hydrogel, in particular CSNI400, is suitable for 3D stem cell culture and cartilage tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2764–2774, 2016.
Assessment of degradation and biocompatibility of electrodeposited chitosan and chitosan–carbon nanotube tubular implants
Authors: Nawrotek Katarzyna , Tylman Michał , Decherchi Patrick , Marqueste Tanguy , Rudnicka Karolina , Gatkowska Justyna , Wieczorek Marek 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDesigning three‐dimensional tubular materials made of chitosan is still a challenging task. Availability of such forms is highly desired by tissue engineering, especially peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Aiming at this problem, we use an electrodeposition phenomenon in order to obtain chitosan and chitosan–carbon nanotube hydrogel tubular implants. The in vitro biocompatibility of the fabricated structures is assessed using a mouse hippocampal cell line (mHippoE‐18). As both implants do not induce significant cytotoxicity, they are next subjected to in vitro degradation studies in the environment simulating in vivo conditions for specified periods of time: 7, 14, and 28 days. The mass loss of implants indicates their stability at the tested time period; therefore, the materials are subcutaneously implanted in Sprague Dawley rats. The explants are collected after 7, 14, and 28 days. The assessment of composition and changes in tissues surrounding the implanted materials is made in respect to surrounding tissue thickness as well as the number of blood vessels, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. No symptoms of acute inflammation are noticed at any point in time. The observed regular healing process allows concluding that both chitosan and chitosan–carbon hydrogel tubular implants are biocompatible with high application potential in tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2701–2711, 2016.
Physical and mechanical properties of cross‐linked type I collagen scaffolds derived from bovine, porcine, and ovine tendons
Authors: Ghodbane Salim A. , Dunn Michael G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCollagen scaffolds are often utilized in tissue engineering applications where their performance depends on physical and mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects of collagen source (bovine, porcine, and ovine tendon) on properties of collagen sponge scaffolds cross‐linked with 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Scaffolds were tested for tensile and compressive properties, stability (resistance to enzymatic degradation), pore size, and swelling ratio. No significant differences in tensile modulus were observed, but ovine scaffolds had significantly greater ultimate strain, stress, and toughness relative to bovine and porcine scaffolds. No significant differences in compressive properties, pore size, or swelling ratio were observed as a function of collagen source. Ovine scaffolds were more resistant to collagenase degradation compared to bovine samples, which were more resistant than porcine scaffolds. In comparison to bovine scaffolds, ovine scaffolds performed equivalently or superiorly in all evaluations, and porcine scaffolds were equivalent in all properties except enzymatic stability. These results suggest that collagen sponges derived from bovine, porcine, and ovine tendon have similar physical and mechanical properties, and are all potentially suitable materials for various tissue engineering applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2685–2692, 2016.
Short‐range and long‐range cross‐linking effects of polygenipin on gelatin‐based composite materials
Authors: Ge Liming , Xu Yongbin , Liang Weijie , Li Xinying , Li Defu , Mu Changdao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGenipin is an ideal cross‐linking agent in biomedical applications, which can undergo ring‐opening polymerization in alkaline condition. The polygenipin can create short‐range and long‐range intermolecular cross‐linking between protein chains. In this article, the polygenipin with different degree of polymerization was successfully prepared and used to fix gelatin composite materials. The short‐range and long‐range cross‐linking effects of polygenipin were systematically studied. The results show that the composite materials present porous structure with tunable pore sizes in the gel state, which can be easily controlled by adjusting the degree of polymerization of polygenipin. Long‐range cross‐linking can increase the pore size of the gel. However, during the drying process, the composite films cross‐linked by polygenipin with higher degree of polymerization shrank to smaller size to create more compact structure, resulting in the improvement of water resistance properties, thermal stability, tensile strength, and darker color for the composite films. It is interesting that the composite films can partly swell to the original gel structure when in contact with water and saturated water vapor. All the composite films have excellent barrier properties against UV light. However, the compatibility of gelatin and polygenipin is reduced when the degree of polymerization of polygenipin increases to a certain extent, which will result in the formation of phase separation structure. The obtained composite films are ideal candidates for food and pharmaceutical packaging materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2712–2722, 2016.
Monolithic chromatography: insights and practical perspectives
Authors: González‐González Mirna , González‐Valdez José , Mayolo‐Deloisa Karla , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of monoliths, one‐piece porous separation materials, as column packaging media is known as monolithic chromatography and this technology has been widely exploited to improve the separation profile of high‐valued biomolecules from complex biological matrices. Monoliths possess a wide range of processing advantages over commonly used chromatographical resins, including: fast flow rates, short processing times, sufficient surface area interactions, and enhanced thoroughness. The application of three different types of monolithic supports (hydrophobic, ion exchange and affinity) as an alternative to overcome traditional drawbacks in bioseparations will be presented as a practical perspective for the recovery of PEGylated proteins, stem cells or industrial enzymes. In our experience, the use of monolithic matrixes in the separation of high‐valued biological materials has greatly simplified the usual problems observed in traditional chromatographic separations, resulting in a highly efficient downstream separation procedure. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding perceptions of changing hurricane strength along the US Gulf coast
Authors: Shao Wanyun , Xian Siyuan , Keim Barry D. , Goidel Kirby , Lin Ning 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe scientific debate on the impact of climate change on hurricane intensity/strength continues. Regardless of its causes, the consequence of increasing hurricane intensity is undeniably immense among coastal residents. In this study, we investigate how various objective measures of hurricane strength affect people's perception of changing hurricane strength over time. We utilize original survey data to examine the relationship between perceived and actual shift in hurricane strength. In this article, hurricane strength is indicated as maximum wind speed at landfall, storm surge, and economic damage. We find that the characteristics of hurricane strength associated with the most recent landfall are much more closely associated with perceptions of changing hurricane strength than objectively measured trends. This result is consistent with availability bias, suggesting that perceptions are associated with most accessible and retrievable events. We also find that people's belief in climate change play a powerful role in one's perception of changing hurricane strength. Political predispositions are found to affect one's perceptions of changing hurricane strength. Compared to Democrats and Independents, Republicans are far less likely to believe that climate is changing and thus they tend to not believe that hurricanes are becoming stronger. Given that this study focuses on how physical characteristics of past hurricane events influence individual perceptions of hurricane strength shift, future research should focus on how expectations of future climate and weather‐related events influence individual attitudes and behaviours.
Morphologic and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage for the assessment of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Eagle Sonja , Potter Hollis G. , Koff Matthew F. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOrthopedic trauma, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, is a common source of osteoarthritis in the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non‐invasive multi‐planar imaging modality commonly used to evaluate hard and soft tissues of diarthrodial joints following traumatic injury. The contrast provided by generated images enables the evaluation of bone marrow lesions as well as delamination and degeneration of articular cartilage. We will provide background information about MRI signal generation and decay (T1 and T2 values), the utility of morphologic MRI, and the quantitative MRI techniques of T1ρ, T2, and T2* mapping, to evaluate subjects with traumatic knee injuries, such as ACL rupture. Additionally, we will provide information regarding the dGEMRIC, sodium, and gagCEST imaging techniques. Finally, the description and utility of newer post hoc analysis techniques, such as texture analysis, will be given. Continued development and refinement of these advanced MRI techniques will facilitate their clinical translation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:412–423, 2017.
Prediction of clinically relevant initiation and progression of tears within annulus fibrosus
Authors: Shahraki Narjes Momeni , Fatemi Ali , Agarwal Anand , Goel Vijay K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTInternal disc disruption and annular tears are some of the causes of back and leg pain. It is difficult to observe location of internal damage and its distribution and propagation in cadaveric experiments or via imaging in clinical scenarios. Finite element analysis is useful for understanding the effects of different loading conditions on the location of initiation and propagation of tears in the annulus. In this study, a hyperelastic anisotropic material model in conjunction with biaxial properties was used for modelling annulus fibrosus material under a variety of loading conditions. The loading conditions considered included compression, flexion, extension, and their combinations. Tsai‐Wu criterion was used to evaluate the damage, considering strength anisotropy and asymmetry. Damage predictions based on this criterion are in better agreement with available experimental studies and clinical observations, as compared to other approaches. Therefore, the use of Tsai‐Wu criterion is suggested as an appropriate mechanical parameter to quantify damage, its initiation locations, and its distribution in annulus fibrosus under different loading conditions. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:113–122, 2017.
Relationships between botanical and chemical composition of forages: a multivariate approach to grasslands in the Western Italian Alps
Authors: Ravetto Enri Simone , Renna Manuela , Probo Massimiliano , Lussiana Carola , Battaglini Luca M , Lonati Michele , Lombardi Giampiero 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant composition of species‐rich mountain grasslands can affect the sensorial and chemical attributes of dairy and meat products, with implications for human health. A multivariate approach was used to analyse the complex relationships between vegetation characteristics (botanical composition and plant community variables) and chemical composition (proximate constituents and fatty acid profile) in mesophilic and dry vegetation ecological groups, comprising six different semi‐natural grassland types in the Western Italian Alps.RESULTSMesophilic and dry grasslands were comparable in terms of phenology, biodiversity indices and proportion of botanical families. The content of total fatty acids and that of the most abundant fatty acids (alpha‐linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acids) were mainly associated to nutrient‐rich plant species, belonging to the mesophilic grassland ecological group. Mesophilic grasslands showed also higher values of crude protein, lower values of fibre content and they were related to higher pastoral values of vegetation compared to dry grasslands. The proximate composition and fatty acid profile appeared mainly single species dependent rather than botanical family dependent.CONCLUSIONThese findings highlight that forage from mesophilic grasslands can provide higher nutritive value for ruminants and may be associated to ruminant‐derived food products with a healthier fatty acid profile. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Nebulized water cooling of the canopy affects leaf temperature, berry composition and wine quality of Sauvignon blanc
Authors: Paciello Pericle , Mencarelli Fabio , Palliotti Alberto , Ceccantoni Brunella , Thibon Cécile , Darriet Philippe , Pasquini Massimiliano , Bellincontro Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present paper details a new technique based on spraying nebulized water on vine canopy to counteract the negative impact of the current wave of hot summers with temperatures above 30 °C, which usually determine negative effects on vine yield, grape composition and wine quality.RESULTSThe automatized spraying system was able to maintain air temperature at below 30 °C (the threshold temperature to start spraying) for all of August 2013, when in the canopy of uncooled vines the temperature was as high as 36 °C. The maintenance of temperature below 30 °C reduced leaf stress linked to high temperature and irradiance regimes as highlighted by the decrease of H2O2 content and catalase activity in the leaves. A higher amount of total polyphenols and organic acids and lower sugars characterized the grapes of cooled vines. Wine from these grapes had a higher content of some volatile thiols like 3‐sulfanylhexanol (3SH) and 3‐sulfanylhexylacetate (3SHA), and lower content of 4‐methyl‐4‐sulfanylpentan‐2‐one (4MSP).CONCLUSIONUnder conditions of high temperature and irradiance regimes, water nebulization on the vine canopy can represent a valid solution to reduce and/or avoid oxidative stress and associated effects in the leaves, ensure a regular berry ripening and maintain high wine quality. The consumption of water during nebulization was acceptable, being 180 L ha−1 min−1, which lasted an average of about 1 min to reduce the temperature below the threshold value of 30 °C. A total of 85–90 hL (from 0.8 to 0.9 mm) of water per hectare per day was required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The true malignancy rate in 135 patients with preoperative diagnosis of a lateral neck cyst
Authors: Grønlund Søren , Mey Kristianna , Andersen Elo , Rasmussen Eva Rye 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIn this study, the true malignancy rate in 135 patients with a preoperative tentative diagnosis of a lateral neck cyst (LNC) was assessed. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration of suspected LNC were evaluated and the diagnostic delay was analyzed.Study DesignThis study was retrospective in design and included all patients who had undergone surgery for a suspected LNC in four secondary hospitals in the eastern regions of Denmark during the period of 2009 to 2012.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐five patients were identified and included by means of a search strategy for NOMECO surgical procedure codes KENB40A+B in the electronic surgical booking systems. Because the procedure codes also include median neck cysts and fistulas, the latter were excluded manually.ResultsOf the 135 patients preoperatively diagnosed with LNC, a malignant postoperative histopathological diagnosis was revealed in 19 patients (14.4%). Of these, three individuals were between 35 to 40 years of age. In 17 cases, preoperative fine‐needle aspiration biopsy showed benign cytology, whereas histopathology postoperatively proved to be malignant. This renders a sensitivity of 88.8% and a specificity of 60.0% for fine needle aspiration biopsy with regard to LNC diagnostics.ConclusionThis study suggests that, for patients older than 35 years, a cystic lateral neck mass should be considered potentially malignant; by contrast, LNC is a diagnosis of exclusion. Any delay in treatment should be avoided until final histopathological diagnosis has been obtained. Arguably, all patients older than 35 years with a cystic lesion laterally on the neck should be included in the fast‐track cancer referral program.Level of Evidence2b.
The Structure of Cationic Polyisoprene: Branching versus Cyclization
Authors: Rozentsvet Victor A. , Kozlov Valery G. , Korovina Nelly A. , Stotskaya Olesya A. , Gnezdilov Oleg I. , Kostjuk Sergei V. 
Published: June 2016

The structure, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyisoprene fractions, which were obtained during the fraction of polyisoprene with broad MWD (M
w/M
n = 25.6) synthesized with tBuCl/TiCl4 initiating system have been investigated. It is established that chain transfer to polymer leading to branched macromolecules is responsible for the formation of polyisoprene with broad MWD and reduced unsaturation. It is shown for the first time that unsaturation decreased while the content of head and end groups in a single macromolecule increased with increasing molecular weight of polyisoprene fraction. The unsaturated part of the polymer chain consists of presumably trans‐1,4‐units independently of the molecular weight of polyisoprene fraction.image
Loading and Delivery Characteristics of Binary Mixed Polymer Brush‐Grafted Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Fox Tara L. , Tang Saide , Zhang Guoqiang , Horton Jonathan M. , Zhao Bin , Zhu Lei , Stewart Phoebe L. 
Published: June 2016

Binary mixed poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/polystyrene (PS) brush‐grafted silica nanoparticles are evaluated for loading and delivery of a hydrophobic fluorescent dye as a model drug. A previous cryo‐electron tomography study of mixed PAA/PS brush‐grafted silica nanoparticles shows that in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) PAA and PS are microphase separated laterally, while in water PS collapses to form isolated domains within the PAA matrix. Thus, loading with hydrophobic small molecules can be performed in DMF, followed by slow transfer to an aqueous buffer. Loading and release experiments with the fluorescent dye Nile Blue indicate a release half‐life of ≈13 d. Comparison of the loading capability of mixed brush‐grafted nanoparticles with varying percentages of PS indicates that a high percentage of the hydrophobic PS polymer is required in the mixed‐brush layer for retention of Nile Blue. In vitro delivery experiments demonstrate that Nile Blue‐loaded mixed brush‐grafted nanoparticles can mediate delivery of dye to HeLa cells.image