bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group adjectives, possessives and single-participant derived nominals in Polish
Authors: Cetnarowska Bożena 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article compares the occurrence of pronominal possessive adjectives and denominal group adjectives in Polish event nominals. It is demonstrated that while in other Slavonic languages (e.g., in Russian) relational adjectives clearly contrast with possessive adjectives (both pronominal and lexical ones), in Polish denominal group adjectives, such as prezydencki ‘presidential’, ministerialny ‘ministerial’, or urzędniczy ‘clerk.ADJ’, resemble possessive pronouns in functioning as elements which can satisfy the argument structure of event nominals. The focus is laid on intransitive nominals, in view of the Possessor Principle proposed for Polish by Rozwadowska (1997). While some Polish intransitive nominals accompanied by possessives or by group adjectives are recognized as referential nominals (as is predicted by the analysis of Greek and Romanian group adjectives presented by Alexiadou and Stavrou, 2011, and Moreno, 2015), other intransitive nominals with such adjectival satellites are argued to be argument-supporting nominals. The association with the agentive reading (i.e., external argument interpretation) is shown to be characteristic, but not obligatory, with thematic group adjectives.
A brief note on undermerge and case overwriting
Authors: Witkoś Jacek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis brief contribution constitutes a critical reference to David Pesetsky’s Russian case morphology and the syntactic categories (2013), a new monograph proposing an entirely new program of research into the grammar of case. After an introduction of the new theory the paper focuses on two areas for a more critical analysis: the derivation of the Genitive of Quantification and overt evidence for case overwriting in Russian (and Polish). In the former case the procedure of undermerge is put under scrutiny and in the latter a crucial morphological formative is argued to be of a derivational rather than inflectional nature.
Conservation and Restoration of the Don José I Monument in Lisbon, Portugal. Part II: Metal Components
Authors: Matteini Mauro , Delgado Rodrigues José , Fontinha Rute , Charola A. Elena 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The equestrian statue of D. José I, in Lisbon, is a masterpiece of the sculptor Joaquim Machado de Castro. It weights over thirty eight tons and was made in a single casting by Bartolomeu da Costa in a copper alloy (brass). After over two centuries exposure, the statue presented an unappealing heterogeneous appearance and showed some deterioration features that required attention. Preliminary studies showed that the deterioration phenomena were typical of copper alloys exposed to outdoor urban environments. The proximity of the seacoast also contributed to some specific decay mechanisms. The highly contrasting patterns of the superficial patinas consisted of black dense deposits covering an original cuprite layer side by side with the common green deposits of basic copper sulfates, hydroxides and chlorides. The highly corrosive nantokite was present in sheltered areas, where chlorides are able to accumulate. The conservation intervention included cleaning, mostly carried out with low pressure jets of round glass beads. Onsite tests were made to select the cleaning levels required to match the areas of black and green patinas. A reddish brown cuprite layer was found underneath most of the areas with black dense deposits, while it could only be perceived by transparency on the green covered areas. When a high contrast remained between the two areas, these were mitigated with the application of water colors during the final protection phase. Nantokite active areas were passivated with sodium oxalate after the entire statue was first washed with clean water and treated with lime water to leave an alkaline reserve to slow down the eventual corrosion process, and the sculpture rinsed with ethanol to accelerate its drying. The final protection was made with Paraloid B44 and microcrystalline waxes.
Einfluss der Wertestruktur von Genossenschaftsbanken auf Organisationsaufbau und Positionierung
Authors: Reifschneider Annika , Doluschitz Reiner 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Cooperative banks are distinguished by their special principles and values and their unique management structure, which differences them from other competitors in the financial sector. But are these characteristics still important in modern bank life? And, should this be the case, can these features contribute to the competitiveness of cooperative banks? Viewed in the context of the new Basel III regulations, these questions are of special interest.
Reformation inszenieren.Religionspädagogische Vergegenwärtigungen lutherischer Freiheitsimpulse
Authors: Klie Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die Reformation war nicht nur ideengeschichtlich von Bedeutung. Die Zeitgenossen und die folgenden Generationen haben die weit reichenden theologischen Umcodierungen Luthers vor allem als eine veränderte Praxis wahrgenommen. Es änderten sich die religiösen Vollzüge, der lutherische Protestantismus zeigte sich als Kultur. An Reformationsgeschichte zu erinnern, heißt darum immer auch, diese religionskulturelle Wirkungsgeschichte performativ ins Gedächtnis zu rufen. Dies soll hier anhand von fünf exemplarischen Szenen eingelöst werden: der Kanzelauftritt, das evangelische Singen, die Katechismen, der Bildersturm und die regional wirksamen Reformatoren.
Muslimische Ansätze zur Erziehung und Erlösung in einer pluralen Gesellschaft
Authors: Khalfaoui Mouez 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
In der christlichen Religionspädagogik hat sich die durch Martin Luther erzielte Unterscheidung zwischen Erziehung und Erlösung im Rahmen der Zwei-Reiche-Lehre als geeignetes Konzept für moderne Gesellschaften bewährt. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach wie die o. g. Thematik bei muslimischen Denkern diskutiert wurde bzw. wird. Der Autor bestätigt die Annahme, dass der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Welten Diesseits und Jenseits in der muslimischen Kultur tief verankert ist und für moderne Plurale Gesellschaften nützlich sein kann.
Practical Active and Passive Recovery Strategies for Soccer Players
Authors: Rey Ezequiel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Casamichana David , Romo-Pérez Vicente 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
AS A RESULT OF TRAINING AND COMPETITION LOAD IN SOCCER, THE MAJORITY OF THE BODY'S PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ARE STRESSED. TO ACCELERATE THE RECOVERY PROCESS AND ENHANCE PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER, DIFFERENT POSTEXERCISE RECOVERY MODES HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED AND ARE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO 2 CATEGORIES: ACTIVE RECOVERY OR PASSIVE RECOVERY. DESPITE THE POPULARITY, THERE IS A LACK OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR THE VALIDITY OF THESE RECOVERY INTERVENTIONS. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE EVIDENCE BASE FOR USING ACTIVE RECOVERY, COLD WATER IMMERSION, WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION, NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION, AND COMPRESSION GARMENTS, AS EXERCISE RECOVERY AIDS IN SOCCER, AND WHERE POSSIBLE, PROVIDES PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING USAGE.
Heat Acclimatization and Exertional Heat Illness Prevention in Youth Football Programs
Authors: Poole Jordan A. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Lopez Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
ATHLETES ARE AT AN INCREASED RISK OF EXPERIENCING AN EXERTIONAL HEAT ILLNESS (EHI) DUE TO THE PHYSICAL EXERTION REQUIRED BY FOOTBALL, PARTICULARLY WHEN PERFORMED IN HOT AND HUMID CONDITIONS. VARIOUS MODIFICATIONS TOGETHER WITH EDUCATION AND PREPARATION BY THOSE WORKING WITH YOUTH FOOTBALL ATHLETES CAN HELP MITIGATE THE RISKS OF EXERCISING IN THE HEAT. THE OVERALL EHI RISK FOR YOUTH ATHLETES IS NOT WELL KNOWN. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO REVIEW THE EXISTING LITERATURE REGARDING THERMOREGULATION OF YOUNGER ATHLETES AND TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR COACHES AND CLINICIANS ON HOW TO PREVENT EHI FOR SAFER PARTICIPATION IN YOUTH FOOTBALL.
Circulating Estradiol Regulates Brain-Derived Estradiol via Actions at GnRH Receptors to Impact Memory in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Nelson Britta S. , Black Katelyn L. , Daniel Jill M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSystemic estradiol treatment enhances hippocampus-dependent memory in ovariectomized rats. Although these enhancements are traditionally thought to be due to circulating estradiol, recent data suggest these changes are brought on by hippocampus-derived estradiol, the synthesis of which depends on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) activity. The goal of the current work is to test the hypothesis that peripheral estradiol affects hippocampus-dependent memory through brain-derived estradiol regulated via hippocampal GnRH receptor activity. In the first experiment, intracerebroventricular infusion of letrozole, which prevents the synthesis of estradiol, blocked the ability of peripheral estradiol administration in ovariectomized rats to enhance hippocampus-dependent memory in a radial-maze task. In the second experiment, hippocampal infusion of antide, a long-lasting GnRH receptor antagonist, blocked the ability of peripheral estradiol administration in ovariectomized rats to enhance hippocampus-dependent memory. In the third experiment, hippocampal infusion of GnRH enhanced hippocampus-dependent memory, the effects of which were blocked by letrozole infusion. Results indicate that peripheral estradiol-induced enhancement of cognition is mediated by brain-derived estradiol via hippocampal GnRH receptor activity.
Action Categories in Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex Are Organized Along Sociality and Transitivity
Authors: Wurm Moritz F. , Caramazza Alfonso , Lingnau Angelika 
Published: December 2016

How neural specificity for distinct conceptual knowledge categories arises is central for understanding the organization of semantic memory in the human brain. Although there is a large body of research on the neural processing of distinct object categories, the organization of action categories remains largely unknown. In particular, it is unknown whether different action categories follow a specific topographical organization on the cortical surface analogously to the category-specific organization of object knowledge. Here, we tested whether the neural representation of action knowledge is organized in terms of nonsocial versus social and object-unrelated versus object-related actions (sociality and transitivity, respectively, hereafter). We hypothesized a major distinction of sociality and transitivity along dorsal and ventral lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC), respectively. Using fMRI-based multivoxel pattern analysis, we identified neural representations of action information associated with sociality and transitivity in bilateral LOTC. Representational similarity analysis revealed a dissociation between dorsal and ventral LOTC. We found that action representations in dorsal LOTC are segregated along features of sociality, whereas action representations in ventral LOTC are segregated along features of transitivity. In addition, representations of sociality and transitivity features were found more anteriorly in LOTC than representations of specific subtypes of actions, suggesting a posterior–anterior gradient from concrete to abstract action features. These findings elucidate how the neural representations of perceptually and conceptually diverse actions are organized in distinct subsystems in the LOTC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) is critically involved in the recognition of objects and actions, but our knowledge about the underlying organizing principles is limited. Here, we discovered a dorsal–ventral distinction of actions in LOTC: dorsal LOTC represents actions based on sociality (how much an action is directed to another person) in proximity to person knowledge. In contrast, ventral LOTC represents actions based on transitivity (how much an action involves the interaction with inanimate objects) in proximity to tools/artifacts in ventral LOTC, suggesting a mutually dependent organization of actions and objects. In addition, we found a posterior-to-anterior organization of the LOTC for concrete and abstract representations, respectively. Our findings provide important insights about the organization of actions in LOTC.
Complexin Mutants Reveal Partial Segregation between Recycling Pathways That Drive Evoked and Spontaneous Neurotransmission
Authors: Sabeva Nadezhda , Cho Richard W. , Vasin Alexander , Gonzalez Agustin , Littleton J. Troy , Bykhovskaia Maria 
Published: December 2016

Synaptic vesicles fuse at morphological specializations in the presynaptic terminal termed active zones (AZs). Vesicle fusion can occur spontaneously or in response to an action potential. Following fusion, vesicles are retrieved and recycled within nerve terminals. It is still unclear whether vesicles that fuse spontaneously or following evoked release share similar recycling mechanisms. Genetic deletion of the SNARE-binding protein complexin dramatically increases spontaneous fusion, with the protein serving as the synaptic vesicle fusion clamp atDrosophilasynapses. We examined synaptic vesicle recycling pathways atcomplexin nullneuromuscular junctions, where spontaneous release is dramatically enhanced. We combined loading of the lipophilic dye FM1–43 with photoconversion, electron microscopy, and electrophysiology to monitor evoked and spontaneous recycling vesicle pools. We found that the total number of recycling vesicles was equal to those retrieved through spontaneous and evoked pools, suggesting that retrieval following fusion is partially segregated for spontaneous and evoked release. In addition, the kinetics of FM1–43 destaining and synaptic depression measured in the presence of the vesicle-refilling blocker bafilomycin indicated that spontaneous and evoked recycling pools partially intermix during the release process. Finally, FM1–43 photoconversion combined with electron microscopy analysis indicated that spontaneous recycling preferentially involves synaptic vesicles in the vicinity of AZs, whereas vesicles recycled following evoked release involve a larger intraterminal pool. Together, these results suggest that spontaneous and evoked vesicles use separable recycling pathways and then partially intermix during subsequent rounds of fusion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurotransmitter release involves fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane in response to an action potential, or spontaneously in the absence of stimulation. Upon fusion, vesicles are retrieved and recycled, and it is unclear whether recycling pathways for evoked and spontaneous vesicles are segregated after fusion. We addressed this question by taking advantage of preparations lacking the synaptic protein complexin, which have elevated spontaneous release that enables reliable tracking of the spontaneous recycling pool. Our results suggest that spontaneous and evoked recycling pathways are segregated during the retrieval process but can partially intermix during stimulation.
SuppressingN-Acetyl-l-Aspartate Synthesis Prevents Loss of Neurons in a Murine Model of Canavan Leukodystrophy
Authors: Sohn Jiho , Bannerman Peter , Guo Fuzheng , Burns Travis , Miers Laird , Croteau Christopher , Singhal Naveen K. , McDonough Jennifer A. , Pleasure David 
Published: December 2016

Canavan disease is a leukodystrophy caused by aspartoacylase (ASPA) deficiency. The lack of functional ASPA, an enzyme enriched in oligodendroglia that cleavesN-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) to acetate andl-aspartic acid, elevates brain NAA and causes “spongiform” vacuolation of superficial brain white matter and neighboring gray matter. In children with Canavan disease, neuroimaging shows early-onset dysmyelination and progressive brain atrophy. Neuron loss has been documented at autopsy in some cases. Prior studies have shown that mice homozygous for theAspanonsense mutationNur7also develop brain vacuolation. We now report that numbers of cerebral cortical and cerebellar neurons are decreased and that cerebral cortex progressively thins inAspaNur7/Nur7mice. This neuronal pathology is prevented by constitutive disruption ofNat8l, which encodes the neuronal NAA-synthetic enzymeN-acetyltransferase-8-like.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first demonstration of cortical and cerebellar neuron depletion and progressive cerebral cortical thinning in an animal model of Canavan disease. Genetic suppression ofN-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA) synthesis, previously shown to block brain vacuolation in aspartoacylase-deficient mice, also prevents neuron loss and cerebral cortical atrophy in these mice. These results suggest that lowering the concentration of NAA in the brains of children with Canavan disease would prevent or slow progression of neurological deficits.
Control of Spike Transfer at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber SynapsesIn Vivoby GABAAand GABABReceptor-Mediated Inhibition
Authors: Zucca Stefano , Griguoli Marilena , Malézieux Meryl , Grosjean Noëlle , Carta Mario , Mulle Christophe 
Published: December 2016

Despite extensive studies in hippocampal slices and incentive from computational theories, the synaptic mechanisms underlying information transfer at mossy fiber (mf) connections between the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 neuronsin vivoare still elusive. Here we used an optogenetic approach in mice to selectively target and control the activity of DG granule cells (GCs) while performing whole-cell and juxtacellular recordings of CA3 neuronsin vivo. In CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs), mf–CA3 synaptic responses consisted predominantly of an IPSP at low stimulation frequency (0.05 Hz). Upon increasing the frequency of stimulation, a biphasic response was observed consisting of a brief mf EPSP followed by an inhibitory response lasting on the order of 100 ms. Spike transfer at DG–CA3 interneurons recorded in the juxtacellular mode was efficient at low presynaptic stimulation frequency and appeared insensitive to an increased frequency of GC activity. Overall, this resulted in a robust and slow feedforward inhibition of spike transfer at mf–CA3 pyramidal cell synapses. Short-term plasticity of EPSPs with increasing frequency of presynaptic activity allowed inhibition to be overcome to reach spike discharge in CA3 PCs. Whereas the activation of GABAAreceptors was responsible for the direct inhibition of light-evoked spike responses, the slow inhibition of spiking activity required the activation of GABABreceptors in CA3 PCs. The slow inhibitory response defined an optimum frequency of presynaptic activity for spike transfer at ∼10 Hz. Altogether these properties define the temporal rules for efficient information transfer at DG–CA3 synaptic connections in the intact circuit.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActivity-dependent changes in synaptic strength constitute a basic mechanism for memory. Synapses from the dentate gyrus (DG) to the CA3 area of the hippocampus are distinctive for their prominent short-term plasticity, as studied in slices. Plasticity of DG–CA3 connections may assist in the encoding of precise memory in the CA3 network. Here we characterize DG–CA3 synaptic transmissionin vivousing targeted optogenetic activation of DG granule cells while recording in whole-cell patch-clamp and juxtacellular configuration from CA3 pyramidal cells and interneurons. We show that,in vivo, short-term plasticity of excitatory inputs to CA3 pyramidal cells combines with robust feedforward inhibition mediated by both GABAAand GABABreceptors to control the efficacy and temporal rules for information transfer at DG–CA3 connections.
Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Deletion Disrupts Oligodendrocyte Development by Altering Cell Cycle
Authors: Hussain Rashad , Macklin Wendy B. 
Published: December 2016

During development, oligodendrocytes are initially specified, after which oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) migrate and proliferate before differentiating into myelinating cells. Lineage-specific programming of oligodendrocytes results from sensing environmental cues through membrane-bound receptors and related intracellular signaling molecules. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an important protein that is expressed at the inner margins of the plasma membrane and can mediate some of these signals. The current studies demonstrate that ILK deletion reduces the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs in the developing CNS. There was a significant decrease in the number of OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes throughout postnatal development in Olig1Cre+/−× ILKfl/flmice. These changes were accompanied by reduced numbers of myelinated axons. Key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation were dysregulated. Cyclin D1/D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2/4 (cdc2/cdc4) were downregulated and the cell cycle inhibitor protein p27 Kip1 was upregulated. Therefore, ILK deletion impaired the developmental profile, proliferation, and differentiation of OPCs by altering the expression of regulatory cytoplasmic and nuclear factors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIntegrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a scaffolding protein involved in integrating signals from the extracellular environment and communicating those signals to downstream effectors within cells. It has been proposed to regulate aspects of oligodendrocyte process extension and thereby myelination. However, the current studies demonstrate that it has an earlier impact on cells in this lineage. Knocking down ILK in Olig1-Cre-expressing cells reduces the pool of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). This smaller pool of OPCs results from altered cell cycle and reduced cell proliferation. These cells myelinate fewer axons than in wild-type mice and, in corpus callosum, the myelin is thinner than in controls. Interestingly, the smaller pool of spinal cord oligodendrocytes generates myelin that is of normal thickness.