bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive protection scheme for regenerative braking energy utilization system in electrified railways
Authors: Hu Haitao , Yang Kai , Chen Junyu , Ge Yinbo , Wang Ke , He Zhengyou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The regenerative braking energy utilization system (RBEUS) stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways. Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies, ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system (TPSS) integrated with RBEUS. This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios. Firstly, fault categories are streamlined into three levels: system, equipment, and warning. Subsequently, a novel multi-port active power differential protection method, aligned with RBEUS operational principles, is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection. Building upon this foundation, a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established, addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions. Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety, a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth. Finally, through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions, the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
Through a Glass Darkly: Perceptions of Ethnoracial Identity in Artificial Intelligence Generated Medical Vignettes and Images
Authors: Andrew Kevlian , Montalbano Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Medical education professionals expect artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be an efficient faculty resource for content creation. However, prior findings suggest that machine learning algorithms may exacerbate negative stereotypes and undermine efforts for diversity, equity, and inclusivity. This investigation explores the potential of OpenAI’s ChatGPT (OCG) and Microsoft’s Bing A.I. Image Creator (MBIC) to perpetuate ethnoracial stereotypes in medical cases.

Materials and Methods
A series of medically relevant vignettes and visual representatives were requested from ChatGPT and MBIC for five medical conditions traditionally associated with certain ethnoracial groups: sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, beta-thalassemia, and aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Initial prompting, self-prompting, and prompt engineering were iteratively performed to ascertain the extent to which AI outputs for generated vignettes and imagery were mutable or fixed.

Results
The ethnoracial identity in the vignettes of the clinical conditions adhered more closely than described in epidemiologic studies. Following prompt engineering and self-prompting, an increase in diversity was seen. On initial prompting, the most common ethnoracial identity depicted was Caucasian. Secondary prompting resulted in less diversity with higher conformation to the traditionally expected ethnoracial identity.

Conclusion
The prevalence of dataset bias and AI’s user-dependent learning abilities underscore the importance of human stewardship. The increasing use of AI in generating medical education content, like MCQs, demands vigilant use of such tools to combat the reinforcement of the race-based stereotypes in medicine.
Closed-Loop Stimulation Approaches and Memory Consolidation in Animals
Authors: Reith Tobias , Zhang Shu , Marshall Lisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Sleep rhythms - particularly the coupling between cortical slow oscillations, thalamo-cortical spindles and hippocampal ripples - are proposed to contribute to multi-regional interactions crucial for memory consolidation. Animal studies are optimal to assess activity of deeper lying brain structures. Our systematic review, aims to assess animal studies employing closed-loop stimulation in the context of sleep-associated memory consolidation, to compare findings and methodologies, and provide suggestions for future research from a translational perspective.

Recent Findings
Results highlight the functional relevance of temporal coupling between sleep rhythms, but also disclose a high temporal and spatial specificity of responses, and dependence on the firing of neuromodulatory nuclei.

Summary
Closed-loop stimulation procedures present a means to experimentally investigate causal relationships between network activity and behavior, but also network neuroplasticity. It is suggested to investigate the possibility of substituting visual detection steps by machine learning. Furthermore, the inclusion of female subjects is encouraged.
Effects of solution ageing in compressive behaviour of SLM-In718 triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: Majeed Mobin , Situ Rong , Javanbakht Zia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) from Inconel® alloy 718 (In718). Although many aspects of SLM-In718 have been studied, its as-built (AB) and heat treated (HT) performance under compression has not been thoroughly investigated. To this end, sheet-based diamond, gyroid, and primitive morphologies along with bulk specimens were manufactured and tested under AB and HT conditions. Standard solution ageing (solution treatment + two-step ageing) was carried out to improve some of the inherent deficiencies of SLM-In718 such as the development of brittle Laves and

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phases. It was found that the overall mechanical performance of the HT TPMS specimens were improved in terms of stiffness, strength, and energy absorption among others. Furthermore, the geometry of the TPMS specimens dictated the extent of enhancement such that the diamond geometry outperformed the others in many aspects. In contrast, the primitive structure demonstrated the most stable plateau stage in both AB and HT conditions. Microstructural analysis revealed occasional precipitation of second-phases carbide particles at grain boundaries. Moreover, niobium was made available by dissolution of Laves phases during solution treatment which was later used in precipitation of strengthening

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phases during ageing. Finally, a new scheme for analysing the energy absorption was devised which could provide a new perspective towards studying energy efficiency of porous structures. Accordingly, it was found that heat treatment improves the mechanical properties contributing the first two stages of energy absorption (initial and plateau) while limiting the fraction of the final stage. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that although heat treatment could address issues like residual stresses and microstructural shortcomings of SLM-In718, the extent of this rectification is further controlled by cell topology of the TPMS structure.
A computational workflow for crafting large-scale coral inspired modules through additive manufacturing
Authors: Guillén Juan Francisco García , Chao Yu-Han , Reich Stefan , Buchmann Carl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to optimise the design of modular organic polymer shapes inspired by coral organisms through a computational workflow, with the objective of providing any existing free-form structure with a new skin by adding a new layer composed by modules robotically manufactured. The rise of digital fabrication in architecture has led to the growth of free-form design as a popular method in the industry. This is due in part to the availability of advanced software tools such as Grasshopper (GH), a graphical algorithm editor tightly integrated with Rhinoceros’s 3D modeling tools, and the advancement of robotic fabrication technologies. GH enables designers to build complex forms through visual programming, offering a highly intuitive way to generate and manipulate free-form structures with precision and efficiency. When combined with the capabilities of robotic manufacturing, this design approach allows for the production of unique, complex modules that can be assembled into larger structures. Robotic manufacturing provides a high degree of precision and flexibility, making it possible to produce components with intricate details and variable geometries that would be difficult, if not impossible, to create using traditional manufacturing methods. The integration of computational design with robotic manufacturing also presents opportunities for sustainability in architecture. By optimizing the design and production of building components, material waste can be minimized, and components can be designed for disassemble and recycling at the end of their life cycle. This study explores the integration of these methods with Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM) by developing a methodology and later presenting a demonstrator using an existing timber structure, which we refer to as the “Timber Skeleton” (TS). The goal is to enhance the aesthetic and functional qualities of free-form structures, such as TS, while addressing the challenges of sustainability and efficiency in construction.
Endovascular Treatment of an Infrarenal Aortic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Causing Critical Limb Ischemia in an 80-year-old Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Galassi Luca , Valente Maria Gabriella , Facchinetti Federica , Harder Gaia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aortic angiosarcomas (AAS) occur in approximately one case per million people annually and are often difficult to diagnose due to their nonspecific clinical and radiological symptoms. An 80-year-old female presented with the absence of pulses of both lower limbs and feet tissue loss. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed the occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta extending to the aortic bifurcation, involving both common and external iliac arteries up to the superficial femoral artery bilaterally. A Fogarty embolectomy of both side femoral axes was performed followed by a covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB) with a covered stent graft and two covered iliac stents placed in a kissing stent configuration. Histological examination of the Fogarty embolectomy samples revealed an aortic localization of epithelioid angiosarcoma. Healing of feet trophic lesions was observed 2 months after surgery, regardless of physical and rehabilitation team intervention progressive cachexia and physical deterioration led the patient to death 5 months postoperatively. Due to their nonspecific clinical presentation, AAS are typically late diagnosed with poor prognosis despite treatment. Endovascular treatment was chosen as the only feasible option, given the high risk of limb loss and poor general health conditions. Moreover, it led to significant improvement in patient’s quality of life with no postoperative complications. Endovascular treatment associated with a physical and rehabilitation program may be advised as a less invasive alternative, for palliative or emergent clinical presentation in order to avoid short-term complications with poor impact on survival and quality of life.
GLP-1 receptor agonists—another promising therapy for Alport syndrome?
Authors: Boeckhaus Jan , Mabillard Holly , Sayer John A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive monogenic glomerular kidney disease characterised by kidney function decline, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities, often leading to early-onset kidney failure (KF). While current therapies, such as renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), offer some benefits, many patients still experience KF at a young age, highlighting the need for additional treatment options. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as promising agents with demonstrated cardiovascular and nephroprotective effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Evidence from several major clinical trials has shown that GLP-1 RAs can reduce cardiovascular events and slow CKD progression by reducing albuminuria. Their potential mechanisms of action include anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidative effects, making them particularly relevant for the treatment of AS, where inflammation and fibrosis play crucial roles in disease progression. This review explores the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 RAs in AS, summarising pre-clinical and clinical data and elucidating the pathways through which GLP-1 RAs might offer renoprotective benefits. We advocate for further research into their application in AS and recommend the inclusion of AS patients in future clinical trials to better understand their impact on disease progression and patient outcomes.
Natural language processing applications for low-resource languages
Authors: Pakray Partha , Gelbukh Alexander , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNatural language processing (NLP) has significantly advanced our ability to model and interact with human language through technology. However, these advancements have disproportionately benefited high-resource languages with abundant data for training complex models. Low-resource languages, often spoken by smaller or marginalized communities, need help realizing the full potential of NLP applications. The primary challenges in developing NLP applications for low-resource languages stem from the need for large, well-annotated datasets, standardized tools, and linguistic resources. This scarcity of resources hinders the performance of data-driven approaches that have excelled in high-resource settings. Further, low-resource languages frequently exhibit complex grammatical structures, diverse vocabularies, and unique social contexts, which pose additional challenges for standard NLP techniques. Innovative strategies are emerging to address these challenges. Researchers are actively collecting and curating datasets, even utilizing community engagement platforms to expand data resources. Transfer learning, where models pre-trained on high-resource languages are adapted to low-resource settings, has shown significant promise. Multilingual models like Multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (mBERT) and Cross Lingual Models (XLM-R), trained on vast quantities of multilingual data, offer a powerful avenue for cross-lingual knowledge transfer. Additionally, researchers are exploring integrating multimodal approaches, combining textual data with images, audio, or video, to enhance NLP performance in low-resource language scenarios. This survey covers applications like part-of-speech tagging, morphological analysis, sentiment analysis, hate speech detection, dependency parsing, language identification, discourse annotation guidelines, question answering, machine translation, information retrieval, and predictive authoring for augmentative and alternative communication systems. The review also highlights machine learning approaches, deep learning approaches, Transformers, and cross-lingual transfer learning as practical techniques. Developing practical NLP applications for low-resource languages is crucial for preserving linguistic diversity, fostering inclusion within the digital world, and expanding our understanding of human language. While challenges remain, the strategies outlined in this survey demonstrate the ongoing progress and highlight the potential for NLP to empower communities that speak low-resource languages and contribute to a more equitable landscape within language technology.
Nutrient intake variability and number of days needed to estimate usual intake in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Silva Eduarda , Hoffmann Laura , Castro Kamila , Verly Junior Eliseu , Valle Sandra , Vaz Juliana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present feeding problems that may influence food acceptance and refusal. However, data regarding dietary intake variability in this population are either not available in the literature or not well-known. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the within-person and between-person variability, and the number of days needed for a 24-hour recall (24HR) to estimate the usual intake of children and adolescents with ASD. Data were collected from 284 patients assisted at a public neuropediatric health service in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Food consumption was assessed using three non-consecutive 24HR. Within-person (S2w) and between-person (S²b) variances, the variance ratio (VR), and the distribution of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients were obtained using the Multiple Source Method® (version 1.0.1). The number of days of 24HR needed was calculated for correlation coefficients of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9. For most nutrients, S²w was greater than S²b, resulting in RV>1, except for age-group analyses where children up to 5 years old showed VR<1. Two to three days of 24HR were estimated for most nutrients, considering a correlation coefficient of 0.8. Differences were observed according to sex and age group, with adolescents requiring more days of 24HR. These findings indicate the need to assess dietary variability among individuals with ASD according to the characteristics of this investigated population.
Connan Mockasin as Mr Bostyn: the popular music artist in disguise, the performance of the popular music artist.
Authors: Vannieuwenhuyze Tessa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cross-pollination between popular music and performance that Philip Auslander has coined as ‘musical persona’ is a concept that is continuously renegotiated against ongoing developments on the intersection of music, performance, technology and new media. Zooming in on the entanglement of character, persona and real person in contemporary popular music culture, this article examines how the identity performance of indie musician Connan Mockasin stages the interlacement of fictional characters and other forms of self-presentation. The fictional music teacher character Mr Bostyn that Mockasin has introduced with the Jassbusters album exists in an intriguing interplay with his broader eccentric identity performance, as demonstrated by the artist's self-presentation with an album collaboration with his father, It's Just Wind. Through the prism of the fictional band frame and music documentary practices I argue that Mockasin's self-presentation across various media formats turns the interplay between theatrical play and performative display into a fundamental aspect of his persona.
The Evolution of Law Librarianship and the Role of AI
Authors: Mills Melissa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe transformative journey of law librarianship has been marked by significant milestones, from the transition from hard copy to online access, to the current development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI). This article is based on a presentation at the BIALL Conference in June 2024 by Melissa Mills, Knowledge Manager at William Roberts Lawyers, and explores this evolution, focusing on her experiences and insights gained over the years, particularly in the Australian context.
Micro‐CT Characterization of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Regolith Samples
Authors: Wu Huanyu , Zou Yuan , Zhang Chi , Yang Wei , Wu Bo , Yung Kai‐Leung , Zhao Qi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChang'e‐5 (CE‐5) lunar regolith samples were scanned using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and over 0.7 million particles were extracted from the images through machine learning‐based segmentation. This is the largest three‐dimensional (3D) image data set on lunar regolith particles to date, offering a unique opportunity to study the key characteristics of the lunar regolith. The image intensity was correlated with mineral density, allowing for the assessment of the bulk density (1.58 g/cm3), true density (3.17 g/cm3), and mineralogy of the lunar regolith. Glass and plagioclase contributed 45.6 wt.% of the samples, while pyroxene and olivine made up 49.7 wt.%, and ilmenite accounted for 4.7 wt.%. The median grain size of CE‐5 was 57.5 μm, smaller than the Apollo 11, 16 and Luna 16, 20 and 24 samples. Spherical harmonic (SH) analysis and aspect ratio (AR) measurement revealed that the CE‐5 lunar regolith particles have more complex shapes than two common terrestrial soils and exhibit less spherical shapes than Apollo 11, 16 and Luna 16, 20 and 24 samples. We recommend using size and shape characteristics cautiously when inferring the lunar regolith maturity because the intrinsic crystal size of the protolith and complex lunar surface weathering can cause significant size and shape variations. Additionally, characterizing particle shapes requires a large sample size (>1,000) to prevent skewed results from outliers. Our non‐destructive examination method offers a novel and appealing approach for analyzing critical physical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of million‐scale extraterrestrial soil particles, paving the way for future deep space explorations.
Role of pancreatic lipase inhibition in obesity treatment: mechanisms and challenges towards current insights and future directions
Authors: Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Hanim Yusoff Umul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The worldwide health emergency of obesity is closely connected to how dietary fats are metabolized, whereas the process is significantly influenced by pancreatic lipase (PL), an enzyme critical for lipid hydrolysis into fatty acids. This narrative review employs a methodological approach utilizing literature searches of PubMed data up to March 2024. The search term criteria encompasses keywords related to the role, mechanism, challenges, and current and future treatments of pancreatic lipase in obesity with an overall references is 106. This paper offers a comprehensive explanation of the role of PL, underlining its significance in the digestive process and lipid imbalances that contribute to obesity and by extension, its impact on obesity development and progression. Additionally, it delves into the dual functionality of the pancreas, emphasizing its impact on metabolism and energy utilization which, when dysregulated, promotes obesity. A focal point of this review is the investigation into the efficacy, challenges, and adverse effects of current pancreatic lipase inhibitors, with orlistat being highlighted as a primary current drug delivery. By discussing advanced obesity treatments, including the exploration of novel anti-obesity medications that target specific biological pathways, this review underscores the complexity of obesity treatment and the necessity for a multifaceted approach. In conclusion, this paper emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of enzymes like pancreatic lipase mechanistic and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and side effects of current obesity drugs and explore new emerging therapeutic strategies for more effective obesity management.