bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of non-weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the Deepwater Horizon incident on the development of marine bivalve and echinoderm larvae
Authors: Stefansson Emily S. , Langdon Chris J. , Pargee Suzanne M. , Blunt Susanna M. , Gage Susan J. , Stubblefield William A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Acute toxicity tests (48–96-h duration) were conducted with larvae of 2 echinoderm species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Dendraster excentricus) and 4 bivalve mollusk species (Crassostrea virginica, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Mercenaria mercenaria). Developing larvae were exposed to water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) of fresh and weathered oils collected from the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon incident. The WAFs (oils alone), CEWAFs (oils plus Corexit 9500A dispersant), and WAFs of Corexit alone were prepared using low-energy mixing. The WAFs of weathered oils had no effect on survival and development of echinoderm and bivalve larvae, whereas WAFs of fresh oils showed adverse effects on larval development. Similar toxicities were observed for weathered oil CEWAFs and WAFs prepared with Corexit alone for oyster (C. gigas and C. virginica) larvae, which were the most sensitive of the tested invertebrate species to Corexit. Mean 10% effective concentration values for total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (a marker for Corexit) in the present study were higher than all concentrations reported in nearshore field samples collected during and after the Deepwater Horizon incident. The results suggest that water-soluble fractions of weathered oils and Corexit dispersant associated with the Deepwater Horizon incident had limited, if any, acute impacts on nearshore larvae of eastern oysters and clams, as well as other organisms with similar sensitivities to those of test species in the present study; however, exposure to sediments and long-term effects were not evaluated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2016–2028. © 2016 SETAC
Characterization of different aroma‐types of chinese liquors based on their aroma profile by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Yu Dan , Niu Yunwei , Ma Ning , Zhu Jiancai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aroma profile of different aroma‐types of Chinese liquors was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and sensory evaluation. Sensory analysis coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) showed that strong‐aroma liquors were mainly characterized by cellar aroma; light‐aroma liquors were mainly characterized by fen, floral, grain, sweet and vinegar aromas while sauce‐aroma liquors were mainly characterized by sauce, fruity and caramel aromas. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) results indicated that ethyl hexanoate, hexanoic acid, hexyl hexanoate, 4‐methyl pheno, ethyl pentanoate, isoamyl hexanoate and pentanoic acid were significantly and positively associated with cellar aroma and strong‐aroma liquors. Vinegar and fen aroma were strongly linked with light‐aroma liquor and associated with of ethyl acetate, 2‐methylpropyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl lactate, ethyl decanoate, diethyl butanedioate, 2‐phenethyl acetate, 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one 1‐dodecanol, ethyl decanoate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol and thymol. While sauce‐aroma liquors were positively correlated with caramel, fruity and sauce sensory descriptors and volatile compounds such as ethyl 2‐methylpropanoate, ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate, furfural, 1,3‐dimethyl trisulfide, trimethyl pyrazine, ethyl benzeneacetate, benzaldehyde and 1‐octanol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suitability of CO2 capture technologies for carbon capture and storage in India
Authors: Yadav Dharmender , Chandel Munish K. , Kumar Pramod 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Indian power sector relies heavily on coal power plants for electricity generation as 59% of the total installed capacity is from coal power plants. Considerable research has been done in developed countries to analyze the suitability of CO2 capture technologies for coal power plants, but not in India. This work analyzes the suitability of various CO2 capture technologies for Indian coal power plants on the basis of different parameters: energy penalty, cost of CO2 capture, efficiency, and age and size of the power plant. An Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) was used to simulate the power plants, and to calculate the energy penalty and cost of capture. All existing 517 units of 115 coal power plants in India, along with one Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant and one ultra‐supercritical plant were analyzed for CO2 capture suitability. Results show that the total installed capacity of Indian coal power plants would reduce to somewhere between 66 896 and 105 991 MW, depending on the CO2 capture technology applied, from and existing 126 320 MW. The average efficiency of Indian coal power plants would reduce from the current 29% to 24.4%, 20.7%, and 15.4% if we retrofit the plants with amine‐, ammonia‐, and membrane‐based capture systems, respectively. Cost of CO2 capture for these three technologies would be $42.3, $75.2, and $81.9 per tonne of CO2, respectively. The CO2 capture technologies would be better off on coal power plants which are less than 20 years old, as the energy penalty would be less. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Modality‐independent representations of small quantities based on brain activation patterns
Authors: Damarla Saudamini Roy , Cherkassky Vladimir L. , Just Marcel Adam 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMachine learning or MVPA (Multi Voxel Pattern Analysis) studies have shown that the neural representation of quantities of objects can be decoded from fMRI patterns, in cases where the quantities were visually displayed. Here we apply these techniques to investigate whether neural representations of quantities depicted in one modality (say, visual) can be decoded from brain activation patterns evoked by quantities depicted in the other modality (say, auditory). The main finding demonstrated, for the first time, that quantities of dots were decodable by a classifier that was trained on the neural patterns evoked by quantities of auditory tones, and vice‐versa. The representations that were common across modalities were mainly right‐lateralized in frontal and parietal regions. A second finding was that the neural patterns in parietal cortex that represent quantities were common across participants. These findings demonstrate a common neuronal foundation for the representation of quantities across sensory modalities and participants and provide insight into the role of parietal cortex in the representation of quantity information. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1296‐1307, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of Smoking Bans on Self‐Assessed Health: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Kuehnle Daniel , Wunder Christoph 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe examine the effects of smoking bans on self‐assessed health in Germany taking into account heterogeneities by smoking status, gender and age. We exploit regional variation in the dates of enactment and dates of enforcement across German federal states. Using data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel, our difference‐in‐differences estimates show that non‐smokers' health improves, whereas smokers report no or even adverse health effects in response to bans. We find statistically significant health improvements especially for non‐smokers living in households with at least one smoker. Non smokers' health improvements materialise largely with the enactment of smoking bans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anticipatory Behavior in Response to Medicare Part D's Coverage Gap
Authors: Kaplan Cameron M. , Zhang Yuting 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnder the standard Medicare Part D benefit structure, copayments for medications change discontinuously at certain levels of accumulative drug spending. Beneficiaries pay 25% of the cost of medications in the initial phase, 100% in the coverage gap, and 5% in the catastrophic phase. We examine whether individuals anticipate these copayment changes and adjust their consumption in advance. We use variation in birth‐months of beneficiaries who enroll in Part D plans when they first turn 65. Birth‐months generate exogenous variation in the end‐of‐year price because those who enroll earlier in the year are more likely to reach the coverage gap than those who enroll later. We study the impact of variation in end‐of‐year price on the first three months of medication use immediately following enrollment. We use difference‐in‐differences to adjust for seasonal trends in use, by comparing our main study group with those who receive low‐income subsidies, and therefore do not face a coverage gap. We find strong evidence of anticipatory behavior, with an implied elasticity with respect to future prices ranging from −0.2 to −0.5. In addition, we find that beneficiaries modify their consumption by changing the quantity of prescriptions filled, instead of switching between brand‐name and generic drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geographic variation in human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal cancer: Data from 4 multinational randomized trials
Authors: Mehanna Hisham , Franklin Natalie , Compton Natalie , Robinson Max , Powell Ned , Biswas–Baldwin Nigel , Paleri Vindh , Hartley Andrew , Fresco Lydia , Al‐Booz Hoda , Junor Elizabeth , El‐Hariry Iman , Roberts Sally , Harrington Kevin , Ang K. Kian , Dunn Janet , Woodman Ciaran 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are variations in the proportions of head and neck cancers caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) between countries and regions. It is unclear if these are true variations or due to different study designs and assays.MethodsWe tested formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded diagnostic biopsies for p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV‐DNA (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and in situ hybridization [ISH]) using validated protocols on samples from 801 patients with head and neck cancer recruited prospectively between 2006 and 2011 in 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsTwenty‐one percent of patients (170 of 801) showed both HPV‐DNA and p16‐positivity, detected almost exclusively in oropharyngeal cancer (55%; 15 of 302); and only 1% of the patients (5 of 499) with nonoropharyngeal cancer were HPV positive. HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer differed between Western and Eastern Europe (37%, 155 of 422 vs 6%, 8 of 144; p < .0001) and between Western Europe and Asia (37% vs 2%; 4 of 217; p < .0001). Other independent determinants of HPV positivity were tumor site and smoking.ConclusionThis is the first study to establish geographic variability as an independent risk factor in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer prevalence, with higher prevalence in Western Europe. © 2016 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1863–E1869, 2016
PGC‐1β suppresses saturated fatty acid‐induced macrophage inflammation by inhibiting TAK1 activation
Authors: Chen Hongen , Liu Yan , Li Di , Song Jiayi , Xia Min 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInflammation of infiltrated macrophages in adipose tissue is a key contributor to the initiation of adipose insulin resistance. These macrophages are exposed to high local concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs) and can be proinflammatory activated by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). However, the regulatory mechanisms on SFA‐induced macrophage inflammation are still elusive. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1β (PGC‐1β) is a member of the PGC‐1 family of transcriptional coactivators and has been reported to play a key role in SFAs metabolism and in the regulation of inflammatory signaling. However, it remains unclear whether PGC‐1β is involved in SFA‐induced macrophage inflammation. In this study, we found that PGC‐1β expression was significantly decreased in response to palmitic acid (PA) in macrophages in a dose dependent manner. PGC‐1β inhibited PA induced TNFα, MCP‐1, and IL‐1β mRNA and protein expressions. Furthermore, PGC‐1β significantly antagonized PA induced macrophage nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 and JUN N‐terminal kinase activation. Mechanistically, we revealed that TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and its adaptor protein TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) played a dominant role in the regulatory effects of PGC‐1β. We confirmed that PGC‐1β inhibited downstream inflammatory signals via binding with TAB1 and thus preventing TAB1/TAK1 binding and TAK1 activation. Finally, we showed that PGC‐1β overexpression in PA treated macrophages improved adipocytes PI3K‐Akt insulin signaling in a paracrine fashion. Collectively, our results uncovered a novel mechanism on how macrophage inflammation induced by SFAs was regulated and suggest a potential target in the treatment of obesity induced insulin resistance. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(2):145–155, 2016
Glyoxal induced structural transition of buffalo kidney cystatin to molten globule and aggregates: Anti‐fibrillation potency of quinic acid
Authors: Shamsi Anas , Ahmed Azaj , Bano Bilqees 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn our study buffalo kidney cystatin (BKC) is transformed from native conformation to amyloid fibrils when incubated with 20 mM glyoxal for a prolonged time period. These amyloid fibrils are at the heart of a number of pathological disorders. In the presence of 10 mM glyoxal, BKC retained native‐like secondary structure, decreased intrinsic and increased ANS fluorescence was observed, characteristics of molten globule state (MG), thus suggesting the occurrence of MG state at this concentration. At 20 mM glyoxal, BKC aggregates were characterized by a further decrease in ANS fluorescence attributable to internalization of hydrophobic clusters owing to protein‐protein interaction. Circular dichroism and FTIR spectroscopy further revealed the existence of β sheet structure and there was an increase in Thioflavin T fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, turbidity as well as red shift in congo red absorbance thus confirming the existence of aggregates. We have also studied the anti‐aggregation effect of polyol, quinic acid making use of various above mentioned biophysical assays. Our proposed work strongly favors the formation of BKC aggregates in the presence of glyoxal, which is present in higher amounts in pathological conditions owing to defective glycolysis pathway and also use of polyol as an antifibrillating agent. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(2):156–166, 2016
Noncausal Bayesian Vector Autoregression
Authors: Lanne Markku , Luoto Jani 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe consider Bayesian analysis of the noncausal vector autoregressive model that is capable of capturing nonlinearities and effects of missing variables. Specifically, we devise a fast and reliable posterior simulator that yields the predictive distribution as a by‐product. We apply the methods to postwar US inflation and GDP growth. The noncausal model is found superior in terms of both in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecasting performance over its conventional causal counterpart. Economic shocks based on the noncausal model turn out to be highly anticipated in advance. We also find the GDP growth to have predictive power for future inflation, but not vice versa. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mismatch Shocks and Unemployment During the Great Recession
Authors: Furlanetto Francesco , Groshenny Nicolas 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe investigate the macroeconomic consequences of fluctuations in the effectiveness of the labor market matching process with a focus on the Great Recession. We conduct our analysis in the context of an estimated medium‐scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with sticky prices and equilibrium search unemployment that features a shock to the matching efficiency (or mismatch shock). We find that this shock is not important for unemployment fluctuations in normal times. However, it plays a somewhat larger role during the Great Recession when it contributes to raise the actual unemployment rate by around 1.3 percentage points and the natural rate by around 2 percentage points. The mismatch shock is the dominant driver of the natural rate of unemployment and explains part of the recent shift of the Beveridge curve. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time endoscopic Raman spectroscopy forin vivoearly lung cancer detection
Authors: McGregor Hanna C. , Short Michael A. , McWilliams Annette , Shaipanich Tawimas , Ionescu Diana N. , Zhao Jianhua , Wang Wenbo , Chen Guannan , Lam Stephen , Zeng Haishan 
Published: January 2016

Currently the most sensitive method for localizing lung cancers in central airways is autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) in combination with white light bronchoscopy (WLB). The diagnostic accuracy of WLB + AFB for high grade dysplasia (HGD) and carcinomain situis variable depending on physician's experience. When WLB + AFB are operated at high diagnostic sensitivity, the associated diagnostic specificity is low. Raman spectroscopy probes molecular vibrations and gives highly specific, fingerprint‐like spectral features and has high accuracy for tissue pathology classification. In this study we present the use of a real‐time endoscopy Raman spectroscopy system to improve the specificity. A spectrum is acquired within 1 second and clinical data are obtained from 280 tissue sites (72 HGDs/malignant lesions, 208 benign lesions/normal sites) in 80 patients. Using multivariate analyses and waveband selection methods on the Raman spectra, we have demonstrated that HGD and malignant lung lesions can be detected with high sensitivity (90%) and good specificity (65%).magnified image
Influence of internal pore architecture on biological and mechanical properties of three‐dimensional fiber deposited scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Ostrowska Barbara , Di Luca Andrea , Moroni Lorenzo , Swieszkowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFused deposition modeling has been used to fabricate three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, because it allows to tailor their pore network. Despite the proven flexibility in doing so, a limited amount of studies have been performed to evaluate whether specific pore shapes have an influence on cell activity and tissue formation. Our study aimed at investigating the influence of internal pore architecture on the biological and mechanical properties of 3D scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells. Polycaprolactone scaffolds with six different geometries were fabricated. The 3D samples were manufactured with different lay‐down pattern of the fibers by varying the layer deposition angle from 0°/15°/30°, to 0°/30°/60°, 0°/45°/90°, 0°/60°/120°, 0°/75°/150°, and 0°/90°/180°. The scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomographical analysis and displayed a fully interconnected pore network. Cell proliferation and differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage were evaluated by DNA, alkaline phosphatase activity, and polymerase chain reaction. The obtained scaffolds had structures with open porosity (50%–60%) and interconnected pores ranging from 380 to 400 µm. Changing the angle deposition affected significantly the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. With increasing the angle deposition between successive layers, the elastic modulus increased as well. Cellular studies also showed influence of the internal architecture on cell adhesion and proliferation within the 3D construct, yet limited influence on cell differentiation was observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 991–1001, 2016.
Cell‐secreted extracellular matrix formation and differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells in 3D alginate scaffolds with tunable properties
Authors: Guneta Vipra , Loh Qiu Li , Choong Cleo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) alginate scaffolds with tunable mechanical and structural properties are explored for investigating the effect of the scaffold properties on stem cell behavior and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Varying concentrations of crosslinker (20 − 60%) are used to tune the stiffness, porosity, and the pore sizes of the scaffolds post‐fabrication. Enhanced cell proliferation and adipogenesis occur in scaffolds with 3.52 ± 0.59 kPa stiffness, 87.54 ± 18.33% porosity and 68.33 ± 0.88 μm pore size. On the other hand, cells in scaffolds with stiffness greater than 11.61 ± 1.74 kPa, porosity less than 71.98 ± 6.25%, and pore size less than 64.15 ± 4.34 μm preferentially undergo osteogenesis. When cultured in differentiation media, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) undergoing terminal adipogenesis in 20% firming buffer (FB) scaffolds and osteogenesis in 40% and 60% FB scaffolds show the highest secretion of collagen as compared to other groups of scaffolds. Overall, this study demonstrates the three‐way relationship between 3D scaffolds, ECM composition, and stem cell differentiation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1090–1101, 2016.
Graphene and its nanostructure derivatives for use in bone tissue engineering: Recent advances
Authors: Shadjou Nasrin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTissue engineering and regenerative medicine represent areas of increasing interest because of the major progress in cell and organ transplantation, as well as advances in materials science and engineering. Tissue‐engineered bone constructs have the potential to alleviate the demand arising from the shortage of suitable autograft and allograft materials for augmenting bone healing. Graphene and its derivatives have attracted much interest for applications in bone tissue engineering. For this purpose, this review focuses on more recent advances in tissue engineering based on graphene‐biomaterials from 2013 to May 2015. The purpose of this article was to give a general description of studies of nanostructured graphene derivatives for bone tissue engineering. In this review, we highlight how graphene family nanomaterials are being exploited for bone tissue engineering. Firstly, the main requirements for bone tissue engineering were discussed. Then, the mechanism by which graphene based materials promote new bone formation was explained, following which the current research status of main types of nanostructured scaffolds for bone tissue engineering was reviewed and discussed. In addition, graphene‐based bioactive glass, as a potential drug/growth factor carrier, was reviewed which includes the composition‐structure‐drug delivery relationship and the functional effect on the tissue‐stimulation properties. Also, the effect of structural and textural properties of graphene based materials on development of new biomaterials for production of bone implants and bone cements were discussed. Finally, the present review intends to provide the reader an overview of the current state of the graphene based biomaterials in bone tissue engineering, its limitations and hopes as well as the future research trends for this exciting field of science. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1250–1275, 2016.