bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport efficiency of metachronal waves in 3D cilium arrays immersed in a two-phase flow
Authors: Chateau S. , Favier J. , D’Ortona U. , Poncet S. 
Published: July 2017

This work reports the formation and characterization of antipleptic and symplectic metachronal waves in 3D cilium arrays immersed in a two-fluid environment, with a viscosity ratio of 20. A coupled lattice Boltzmann–immersed-boundary solver is used. The periciliary layer is confined between the epithelial surface and the mucus. Its thickness is chosen such that the tips of the cilia can penetrate the mucus. A purely hydrodynamical feedback of the fluid is taken into account and a coupling parameter$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$is introduced, which allows tuning of both the direction of the wave propagation and the strength of the fluid feedback. A comparative study of both antipleptic and symplectic waves, mapping a cilium interspacing ranging from 1.67 up to 5 cilium lengths, is performed by imposing metachrony. Antipleptic waves are found to systematically outperform symplectic waves. They are shown to be more efficient for transporting and mixing the fluids, while spending less energy than symplectic, random or synchronized motions.
Conditioning Family-life at the Intersection of Migration and Welfare: The Implications for ‘Brexit Families’
Authors: KILKEY MAJELLA 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEuropean Freedom of Movement (EFM) was central to the referendum on the UK's membership of the EU. Under a ‘hard’ Brexit scenario, it is expected that EFM between the UK and the EU will cease, raising uncertainties about the rights of existing EU citizens in the UK and those of any future EU migrants. This article is concerned with the prospects for family rights linked to EFM which, I argue, impinge on a range of families – so-called ‘Brexit families’ (Kofman, 2017) – beyond those who are EU-national families living in the UK. The article draws on policy analysis of developments in the conditionality attached to the family rights of non-EU migrants, EU migrants and UK citizens at the intersection of migration and welfare systems since 2010, to identify the potential trajectory of rights post-Brexit. While the findings highlight stratification in family rights between and within those three groups, the pattern is one in which class and gender divisions are prominent and have become more so over time as a result of the particular types of conditionality introduced. I conclude by arguing that, with the cessation of EFM, those axes will also be central in the re-ordering of the rights of ‘Brexit families’.
Scalable and controlled self-assembly of aluminum-based random plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Siddique Radwanul Hasan , Mertens Jan , Hölscher Hendrik , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSubwavelength metal-dielectric plasmonic metasurfaces enable light management beyond the diffraction limit. However, a cost-effective and reliable fabrication method for such structures remains a major challenge hindering their full exploitation. Here, we propose a simple yet powerful manufacturing route for plasmonic metasurfaces based on a bottom-up approach. The fabricated metasurfaces consist of a dense distribution of randomly oriented nanoscale scatterers composed of aluminum (Al) nanohole-disk pairs, which exhibit angle-independent scattering that is tunable across the entire visible spectrum. The macroscopic response of the metasurfaces is controlled via the properties of an isolated Al nanohole-disk pair at the nanoscale. In addition, the optical field confinement at the scatterers and their random distribution of sizes result in a strongly enhanced Raman signal that enables broadly tunable excitation using a single substrate. This unique combination of a reliable and lithography-free methodology with the use of aluminum permits the exploitation of the full potential of random plasmonic metasurfaces for diagnostics and coloration.
Oxygen-induced impairment in arterial function is corrected by slow breathing in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bernardi Luciano , Gordin Daniel , Bordino Marco , Rosengård-Bärlund Milla , Sandelin Anna , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHyperoxia and slow breathing acutely improve autonomic function in type-1 diabetes. However, their effects on arterial function may reveal different mechanisms, perhaps potentially useful. To test the effects of oxygen and slow breathing we measured arterial function (augmentation index, pulse wave velocity), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and oxygen saturation (SAT), during spontaneous and slow breathing (6 breaths/min), in normoxia and hyperoxia (5 L/min oxygen) in 91 type-1 diabetic and 40 age-matched control participants. During normoxic spontaneous breathing diabetic subjects had lower BRS and SAT, and worse arterial function. Hyperoxia and slow breathing increased BRS and SAT. Hyperoxia increased blood pressure and worsened arterial function. Slow breathing improved arterial function and diastolic blood pressure. Combined administration prevented the hyperoxia-induced arterial pressure and function worsening. Control subjects showed a similar pattern, but with lesser or no statistical significance. Oxygen-driven autonomic improvement could depend on transient arterial stiffening and hypertension (well-known irritative effect of free-radicals on endothelium), inducing reflex increase in BRS. Slow breathing-induced improvement in BRS may result from improved SAT, reduced sympathetic activity and improved vascular function, and/or parasympathetic-driven antioxidant effect. Lower oxidative stress could explain blunted effects in controls. Slow breathing could be a simple beneficial intervention in diabetes.
Comparative gene-expression profiling of the large cell variant of gastrointestinal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Barth Thomas F. E. , Kraus Johann M. , Lausser Ludwig , Flossbach Lucia , Schulte Lukas , Holzmann Karlheinz , Kestler Hans A. , Möller Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGastrointestinal (g.i.) large cell lymphoma is currently regarded as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) despite a more favorable clinical outcome compared to other DLBCL. Cluster analyses on a transcriptome signature of NF-κB target genes of 30 g.i. marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBL; 8 g.i. MZBL, 22 large cell MZBL - among them 9 with coexisting small cell component) and 6 DLBCL (3 activated B-cell like (ABC), 3 germinal center-like (GCB)) reveals a distinct pattern. The distinctiveness of large cell MZBL samples is further confirmed by a cohort of 270 available B-cell lymphoma and B-cell in silico profiles. Of the NF-κB genes analyzed, c-REL was overexpressed in g.i. MZBL. c-REL amplification was limited to 6/22 large cell MZBL including the large cell component of 2/9 composite small cell/large cell lymphomas, and c-Rel protein expression was found in the large cell compartment of composite lymphomas. Classification experiments on DLBCL and large cell MZBL profiles support the concept that the large cell MZBL is a distinct type of B-cell lymphoma.
Anti-Tumor Activity and Immunotherapeutic Potential of a Bisphosphonate Prodrug
Authors: Tanaka Yoshimasa , Iwasaki Masashi , Murata-Hirai Kaoru , Matsumoto Kenji , Hayashi Kosuke , Okamura Haruki , Sugie Tomoharu , Minato Nagahiro , Morita Craig T. , Toi Masakazu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBisphosphonates have benefits in breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients and have been used with adoptive immunotherapy with γδ T cells expressing Vγ2 Vδ2 TCRs. Although treatment with γδ T cells is safe, it has shown limited efficacy. Present bisphosphonates stimulate γδ T cells but were designed to inhibit bone resorption rather than treating cancer and have limited oral absorption, tumor cell entry, and cause bone side effects. The development of phosphate and phosphonate nucleotide prodrugs has led to important drugs for hepatitis C and HIV. Using a similar approach, we synthesized bisphosphonate prodrugs and found that they efficiently limit tumor cell growth. Pivoxil bisphosphonate esters enter cells where esterases convert them to their active acids. The bisphosphonate esters stimulated γδ T cells to secrete TNF-α in response to a variety of tumor cells more efficiently than their corresponding acids. The most active compound, tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino)ethylidene-1,1- bisphosphonate (7), specifically expanded γδ T cells and stimulated them to secrete interferon-γ and kill tumor cells. In preclinical studies, combination therapy with compound 7 and γδ T cells prolonged survival of mice inoculated with either human bladder cancer or fibrosarcoma cells. Therefore, bisphosphonate prodrugs could enhance the effectiveness of adoptive cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells.
Effects of single and combined applications of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)
Authors: Wakil Waqas , Yasin Muhammad , Shapiro-Ilan David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the insecticidal properties ofBeauveria bassiana,Metarhizium anisopliaeandHeterorhabditis bacteriophorafor their virulence against different larval instars ofRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Olivier). Both fungi were either applied alone or in combination, withH. bacteriophorasimultaneously or 1 and 2 weeks after fungal application; EPN were also applied alone. Moreover, assessment of host development, diet consumption, frass production and weight gain were observed at sub-lethal dose rates. In combined treatments, additive and synergistic interactions were observed. Synergism was observed more frequently inH. bacteriophora + B. bassianacombinations than inH. bacteriophora + M. anisopliaecombinations, and was higher in early instars than old instars. In 2ndand 4thinstars, synergy was noted inH. bacteriophora + B. bassianacombinations at 0, 7 and 14 d intervals and in 6thinstar synergy was observed only inH. bacteriophora + B. bassianacombinations (at 0 and 7 d intervals). A decrease in pupation, adult emergence and egg hatching was enhanced in the combined treatments. Furthermore, reduced weights and variation in duration of insect developmental stages were observed among entomopathogens and enhanced inH. bacteriophora + B. bassianacombinations. Larvae treated with sub-lethal concentrations exhibited reductions in food consumption, growth and frass production and weight gain.
Common Brain Structure Findings Across Children with Varied Reading Disability Profiles
Authors: Eckert Mark A. , Vaden Kenneth I. , Maxwell Amanda B. , Cute Stephanie L. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Berninger Virginia W. ,   Dyslexia Data Consortium, Beaulieu C. , V. Castellanos X. , Chiarello C. , Conway T. , Cutting L. , Dehaene-Lambertz G. , Eden G. , Frye R. , Giaschi D. , Gilger J. , Hoeft F. , Kibby M. , van Kriegstein K. , Kronbichler M. , Leonard C. M. , Milham M. , Odegard T. , Poldrack R. , Pugh K. , Richards T. , Rollins N. , Schneider K. , Talcott J. , Wandell B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDyslexia is a developmental disorder in reading that exhibits varied patterns of expression across children. Here we examined the degree to which different kinds of reading disabilities (defined as profiles or patterns of reading problems) contribute to brain morphology results in Jacobian determinant images that represent local brain shape and volume. A matched-pair brain morphometry approach was used to control for confounding from brain size and research site effects in this retrospective multi-site study of 134 children from eight different research sites. Parietal operculum, corona radiata, and internal capsule differences between cases and controls were consistently observed across children with evidence of classic dyslexia, specific comprehension deficit, and language learning disability. Thus, there can be common brain morphology findings across children with quite varied reading disability profiles that we hypothesize compound the developmental difficulties of children with unique reading disability profiles and reasons for their reading disability.
Genotype-environment interaction on human cognitive function conditioned on the status of breastfeeding and maternal smoking around birth
Authors: Lee S. Hong , Weerasinghe W. M. Shalanee P. , van der Werf Julius H. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe estimated genotype by environment interaction (G × E) on later cognitive performance and educational attainment across four unique environments, i.e. 1) breastfed without maternal smoking, 2) breastfed with maternal smoking, 3) non-breastfed without maternal smoking and 4) non-breastfed with maternal smoking, using a novel design and statistical approach that was facilitated by the availability of datasets with the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There was significant G × E for both fluid intelligence (p-value = 1.0E-03) and educational attainment (p-value = 8.3E-05) when comparing genetic effects in the group of individuals who were breastfed without maternal smoking with those not breastfed without maternal smoking. There was also significant G × E for fluid intelligence (p-value = 3.9E-05) when comparing the group of individuals who were breastfed with maternal smoking with those not breastfed without maternal smoking. Genome-wide significant SNPs were different between different environmental groups. Genomic prediction accuracies were significantly higher when using the target and discovery sample from the same environmental group than when using those from the different environmental groups. This finding demonstrates G × E has important implications for future studies on the genetic architecture, genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions.
A CRISPR/Cas9 guidance RNA screen platform for HIV provirus disruption and HIV/AIDS gene therapy in astrocytes
Authors: Huang Zaohua , Nair Madahavan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHIV/AIDS remains a major health threat despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. The major reason is the inability of existing treatments to eradicate the multiple HIV reservoirs in the human body, including astrocytes in the human brain. CRISPR/Cas9 system is an emerging gene-editing technique with the potential to eliminate or disrupt HIV provirus in HIV reservoir cells, which may lead to a complete cure of HIV/AIDS. The key components of CRISPR/Cas9 are guide RNAs (gRNAs) which determine specific sequence targeting of DNAs. This study established a novel, simple and quick screening method to identify gRNA candidates for targeting HIV provirus in astrocytes. Briefly, stable astrocytes clones with an integrated fluorescent HIV reporter and Cas9 expression gene were generated. Various gRNAs were screened for their efficiencies against HIV provirus in these cells. Moreover, these gRNAs and Cas9 protein were successfully tested on HIV latent astrocytes without Cas9 expression to mimic clinical conditions. HIV provirus gene-editing were confirmed by cell genomic DNA PCR and fluorescent marker expression analysis. In the future, the established transgenic cells can be used for other gene-editing studies and is well-suited for high-throughput screen application.
A Novel Matrix Protein, PfY2, Functions as a Crucial Macromolecule during Shell Formation
Authors: Yan Yi , Yang Dong , Yang Xue , Liu Chuang , Xie Jun , Zheng Guilan , Xie Liping , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiomineralization, including shell formation, is dedicatedly regulated by matrix proteins. PfY2, a matrix protein detected in the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-soluble fraction from both prismatic layer and nacreous layer, was discovered by our group using microarray. It may play dual roles during biomineralization. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this research, we studied the function of PfY2 on crystallization in vivo and in vitro, revealing that it might be a negative regulator during shell formation. Notching experiment indicated that PfY2 was involved in shell repairing and regenerating process. Repression of PfY2 gene affected the structure of prismatic and nacreous layer simultaneously, confirming its dual roles in shell formation. Recombinant protein rPfY2 significantly suppressed CaCO3 precipitation rate, participated in the crystal nucleation process, changed the morphology of crystals and inhibited the transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) to stable calcite or aragonite in vitro. Our results may provide new evidence on the biomineralization inhibition process.
Tumor LDH-A expression and serum LDH status are two metabolic predictors for triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Dong Tieying , Liu Zhaoliang , Xuan Qijia , Wang Zhuozhong , Ma Wenjie , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere are limited therapeutic methods for triple negative breast cancer in the clinic, which is easy to progress into the brain to form metastatic lesions and evolve into the terminal stage. Because both the primary cancer and the brain metastasis have high glycolysis, we hypothesize that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, may be a predictor, as well as a treatment target, for breast cancer brain metastasis. Therefore, the expression of LDH-A was detected on 119 triple negative breast cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry, and the serum LDH levels were also measured. Our results showed that the LDH-A expression inside the tumor was significantly higher than the matched normal tissues. Tumor LDH-A expression, serum LDH status, and the slope of serum LDH status were closely associated with triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis and brain metastasis free survival. This study indicates that tumor LDH and serum LDH status are two predictors for triple negative breast cancer brain metastasis.
Engineering Tumour Cell-Binding Synthetic Polymers with Sensing Dense Transporters Associated with Aberrant Glutamine Metabolism
Authors: Yamada Naoki , Honda Yuto , Takemoto Hiroyasu , Nomoto Takahiro , Matsui Makoto , Tomoda Keishiro , Konno Masamitsu , Ishii Hideshi , Mori Masaki , Nishiyama Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIncreased glutamine uptake toward the elevated glutaminolysis is one of the hallmarks of tumour cells. This aberrant glutamine metabolism has recently attracted considerable attention as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Herein, we developed glutamine-functionalized polymer to achieve a selective high affinity to tumour cells overexpressing glutaminolysis-related transporter ASCT2. Inin vitrostudy, our developed polymer exhibited faster and higher cellular uptake in tumour cells than that in normal cells. Uptake inhibition study revealed the dominant contribution of ASCT2 to the polymer-cell interaction. Furthermore, the binding affinity of the polymer to tumour cells was estimated to be comparable to that of the potent ligand molecules reported in the literature. Inin vivostudy, the polymer showed prolonged retention at tumour site after intratumoral injection. This study offers a novel approach for designing tumour cell-binding synthetic polymers through the recognition of dense transporters related to tumour-associated metabolism.
NF-κB signaling in inflammation
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Lingyun , Joo Donghyun , Sun Shao-Cong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses. NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines and chemokines, and also participates in inflammasome regulation. In addition, NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival, activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells. Consequently, deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition.
Freestanding flexible polypyrrole nanotube membrane for ammonia sensor
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Cai Ziqing , Fang Dong , Wang Chang , Zhang Ruifang , Lu Xingjie , Li Yuguang , Xu Weilin 
Published: July 2017

A simple self‐sacrificed template method was used to prepare a polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes sensor for the detection of ammonia (NH3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyse the morphology of the fabricated membrane. The results show that pyrrole was uniformly polymerised around the sodium vanadate (Na5V12O32) nanowires, and the Na5V12O32 nanowires along with Ti foil were subsequently dissolved thoroughly with citric acid (0.5 M) and hydrofluoric acid (10%, v/v) to obtain a freestanding flexible PPy nanotube membrane. The resulting PPy membrane was sensitive to NH3 and exhibited rapid and reproducible response at room temperature.
Efficacy of Dexamethasone for Acute Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Compared to Prednisolone: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Arai Yasuyuki , Matsui Hiroyuki , Jo Tomoyasu , Kondo Tadakazu , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCorticosteroids have been established as first-line therapy in acute primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and the clinical guidelines recommend either dexamethasone (Dex) or prednisolone (PSL). The types and dosages of corticosteroids, however, have not yet been determined, because previous randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing Dex and PSL showed controversial results in terms of efficacy. To understand and interpret all available evidence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. The main outcome measure was the incidence of sustained response (SR; platelet count >30 × 109/L for 6 months without concomitant treatments after the completion of the final therapies). Eight RCTs (totaling 704 patients) were included in this study. The incidence of SR showed no significant difference, while it was significantly higher in the Dex arm when used with posttherapy (more than one course of Dex or tapering corticosteroids added; risk ratio [RR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–2.41; p < 0.01). A single course of Dex showed no significant difference. The overall response (platelet >30 × 109/L) at day 28 was significantly improved in the Dex arm (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22; p = 0.03) and Dex with posttherapy suppressed long-term relapse (RR of nonevent, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10–1.59; p < 0.01). There were significantly fewer adverse events in the Dex arm (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37–0.55; p < 0.01). Use of Dex with posttherapy instead of PSL may be more beneficial as the initial therapy. Studies comparing Dex with other new strategies are essential to determine the most suitable therapeutic regimens for acute ITP.