bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Bin , Yan Xiu‐Fang , Zhang Jian‐Huai 
Published: January 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) in short‐ and long‐term outcomes compared to open hepatectomy (OH) in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsAn electronic search of reports published before August 2017 was carried out to identify comparative studies evaluating LH versus OH for HCC.ResultsA total of 5889 patients (2421 underwent LH; 3468 underwent OH) were included in our meta‐analysis from 47 studies. Laparoscopic hepatectomies were associated with favorable outcomes in terms of operative blood loss (mean difference [MD], −147.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], −217.00, −77.55), blood transfusion requirement (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40, 0.65), pathologic resection margins (MD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02, 0.12; P = 0.01), R0 resection rate (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.98, 1.84; P = 0.07), and length of hospital stay (MD, −5.13; 95% confidence interval, −6.23, −4.03). There were no differences between the groups in overall survival (OS) at 1 year (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.98), 3 years (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.93, 1.36), or 5 years (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.46), in disease‐free survival (DFS) at 1 (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.51), 3 years (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86, 1.33), or 5 years (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.92, 1.40), or in recurrence (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74, 1.08).ConclusionCompared to OH, LH is superior in terms of lower intraoperative blood loss and the requirement for blood transfusion, larger pathologic resection margins, increased R0 resection rates, and shorter length of hospital stay. Laparoscopic hepatectomy and OH have similar OS, DFS, and recurrence.
Safety of service users with severe mental illness receiving inpatient care on medical and surgical wards: A systematic review
Authors: Reeves Ella , Henshall Catherine , Hutchinson Marie , Jackson Debra 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the likelihood of harm and mortality on medical and surgical inpatient wards for people with severe mental illness (SMI). From 937 results identified through database searching, and a further 10 papers identified through citation searching and hand searching, 11 papers met the criteria for inclusion in the final review. This review did not find strong evidence for higher in‐hospital mortality in people with SMI. There was evidence that adverse events are higher in people with SMI. A higher likelihood of emergency instead of planned care, and poorer access to treatment were identified as potential contributing factors to these adverse events. In addition, service users with SMI were more likely to have a longer length of stay, associated with a higher cost of care. The severity of the mental illness increased the likelihood of harm or death, and people with schizophrenia were more likely than people with other mental illnesses to experience these adverse outcomes. There is evidence that people with SMI are provided with lower‐quality health care, whereas higher‐quality, better‐planned care is required to overcome the inequalities in access faced by this vulnerable population.
New Aspects of the Mesolithic-Neolithic Cemeteries and Settlement at Zvejnieki, Northern Latvia
Authors: Larsson Lars , Stutz Liv Nilsson , Zagorska Ilga , Bērziņš Valdis , Ceriņa NuroAija 
Published: January 2018

The paper reflects upon recent international research at Zvejnieki in northern Latvia, a renowned complex of a burial ground and two settlement sites used in the Mesolithic and Neolithic. Since its discovery and first excavations in the 1960s, Zvejnieki continues to produce evidence that provides new grounds for understanding mortuary practises and ancient lifeways. This information is relevant for other contemporary sites in Europe revealing new and hitherto unexpected elements of burial traditions.It is suggested that the Zvejnieki population was partly mobile, and the site was one of the places to bury the dead. The ancestral link was established through transportation and use of occupational debris from more ancient sites and through the incorporation of earlier burial space or even burials into the new graves. The depth of a burial also appears to be a significant variable in ancient mortuary practices.
The Emergence of Stratigraphic Archaeology in Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Guidi Alessandro , Tarantini Massimo 
Published: January 2018

In Italian classical archaeology, the definitive adoption of the stratigraphic excavation method occurred later than in other European countries. This methodological shift took place in Italy in the 1970s.
We aim to scrutinize some points of the established historiographical reconstruction. We focus on three scholars regarded as “key figures” in the birth of Italian stratigraphic archaeology, yet all of the first half of the twentieth century, Giacomo Boni, Nino Lamboglia, and Luigi Bernabò Brea. We examine the origin of their stratigraphic approach and thus their relationship with prehistoric research. This is also an opportunity to reflect upon the conceptual and methodological transfer from one type of archaeology to another.
In general, through comparison of these scholars, we aim to highlight some key factors in the establishment of a stratigraphic method in the history of archaeology.
Onset, progression and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis at different abutment surfaces: A randomized controlled two‐centre study
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Becker Jürgen , Civale Sara , Hazar Didem , Iglhaut Theresa , Iglhaut Gerhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the onset, progression and resolution of experimentally induced peri‐implant mucositis lesions at abutments with different microstructures in humans.Material & MethodsIn a randomized, controlled, interventional two‐centre study, a total of 28 patients had received 28 target implants and were randomly allocated to either partially microgrooved (test) or machined (control) healing abutments. The study was accomplished in three phases, including a wound healing period (WH) following implant placement (12 weeks), a plaque exposure phase (EP—21 days) and a resolution phase (RP—16 weeks). Clinical (e.g. bleeding on probing—BOP), immunological (MMP‐8) and microbiological (DNA counts for 11 species) parameters were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of peri‐implant mucositis at EPd21 was comparable in both test and control groups (60.0% versus 61.5%), but markedly lower at control abutments after a nonsurgical treatment and reconstitution of oral hygiene measures at RPw16 (46.7% versus 15.4%). At any follow‐up visit (i.e. EP and RP), clinical parameters, MMP‐8 levels and DNA counts of major bacterial species were not significantly different between both groups.ConclusionThe onset, progression and resolution of experimental peri‐implant mucositis lesions were comparable in both groups.
Manifestations and mechanisms of myocardial lipotoxicity in obesity
Authors: Sletten A. C. , Peterson L. R. , Schaffer J. E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnvironmental and socioeconomic changes over the past thirty years have contributed to a dramatic rise in the worldwide prevalence of obesity. Heart disease is amongst the most serious health risks of obesity, with increases in both atherosclerotic coronary heart disease and heart failure among obese individuals. In this review, we focus on primary myocardial alterations in obesity that include hypertrophic remodelling and diastolic dysfunction. Obesity‐associated perturbations in myocardial and systemic lipid metabolism are important contributors to cardiovascular complications of obesity. Accumulation of excess lipid in nonadipose cells of the cardiovascular system can cause cell dysfunction and cell death, a process known as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity has been modelled in mice using high‐fat diet feeding, inbred lines with mutations in leptin receptor signalling, and in genetically engineered mice with enhanced myocardial fatty acid uptake, altered lipid droplet homoeostasis or decreased cardiac fatty acid oxidation. These studies, along with findings in cell culture model systems, indicate that the molecular pathophysiology of lipid overload involves endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations in autophagy, de novo ceramide synthesis, oxidative stress, inflammation and changes in gene expression. We highlight recent advances that extend our understanding of the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on cardiac function.
Exercise counteracts lipotoxicity by improving lipid turnover and lipid droplet quality
Authors: Zacharewicz E. , Hesselink M. K. C. , Schrauwen P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe incidence of obesity and metabolic disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), is rising globally. Dietary lipid over supply leads to lipid accumulation at ectopic sites, such as skeletal muscle. Ectopic lipid storage is highly correlated with insulin resistance and T2D, likely due to a loss of metabolic flexibility – the capacity to switch between fat and glucose oxidation upon insulin stimulation – and cellular dysfunction because of lipotoxicity. However, muscle lipid levels are also elevated in endurance‐trained athletes, presenting a paradoxical phenotype of increased intramuscular lipids along with high insulin sensitivity – the ‘athletes’ paradox’. This review focuses on recent human data to characterize intramuscular lipid species in order to elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms driving skeletal muscle lipotoxicity. There is evidence that lipotoxicity is characterized by an increase in bioactive lipid species, such as ceramide. The athletes’ paradox supports the notion that regular physical exercise has health benefits that might originate from the alleviation of lipotoxicity. Indeed, exercise training alleviates intramuscular ceramide content in obese individuals without a necessary decrease in ectopic lipid storage. Furthermore, evidence shows that exercise training elevates markers of lipid droplet dynamics such as the PLIN proteins, and triglyceride lipases ATGL and HSL, as well as mitochondrial efficiency, potentially explaining the improved lipid turnover and a reduction in the accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates observed with the athelets’ paradox.
Education as a Long‐Term Investment: The Decisive Role of Age in the Education‐Growth Relationship
Authors: Marconi Gabriele 
Published: January 2018

SummaryUsing a dataset for a panel of 118 countries, this paper shows that changes in the level of education of national populations aged 45 to 64 are positively associated with economic growth. An increase of one percentage point in the share of individuals in this age group who attended secondary education is associated with a 1.2% increase in GDP per capita. In contrast, variation in the level of education in younger cohorts is not positively associated with economic growth. These results suggest that investment in education benefits society, but only in the long‐term. Several possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
L2 Teaching in the Wild: A Closer Look at Correction and Explanation Practices in Everyday L2 Interaction
Authors: THEODÓRSDÓTTIR GUÐRÚN 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article argues for a reconceptualization of the concept of ‘corrective feedback’ for the investigation of correction practices in everyday second language (L2) interaction (‘in the wild’). Expanding the dataset for L2 research as suggested by Firth and Wagner (1997) to include interactions from the wild has consequences for the traditional concept of corrective feedback, which comes from classroom dyads of native speakers and nonnative speakers and focuses on a native speaker's correction of a linguistic error in an L2 speaker's turn. Correction practices in the wild, however, are co‐constructed and predominantly initiated by the L2 learner herself. The study also shows that explanation practices are initiated by the L2 speaker or otherwise occasioned and that they emerge following a lack of understanding on the part of the L2 speaker during a correction episode. The data reveal no examples of L2 teaching in the wild as correction or explanation practices that are not occasioned, that is, they do not come ‘out of the blue.’ I will argue that L2 teaching practitioners might benefit from more awareness of the circumstances that occasion and sustain correction and explanation practices.
Collaborative Attention Work on Gender Agreement in Italian as a Foreign Language
Authors: KUNITZ SILVIA 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn cognitivist Second Language Acquisition (SLA), attention and noticing are described as psycholinguistic processes that (may) have a role in language learning. The operationalization of such constructs, however, poses methodological challenges, since neither online nor off‐line measures are coextensive with these cognitive processes that occur in the individual mind–brain. In contrast with such a perspective, the present conversation‐analytic study re‐specifies attention in social terms, as a nexus of publicly displayed actions that are jointly achieved by college level students of Italian as a foreign language as they engage in collaborative writing while planning for a group presentation to be performed in the second language (L2). More specifically, the article describes gender‐focusing sequences that are initiated by attention‐mobilizing turns with which a student directs her coparticipants’ attention to an oral or written item that is oriented to as possibly inaccurate in terms of gender assignment. The study shows the agentive role of students in identifying learnables and solving language‐related issues and provides an example of how participants do learning as a socially situated and collaborative activity by enacting immanent pedagogies (Lindwall & Lymer, 2005).
Optimized paired‐sgRNA/Cas9 cloning and expression cassette triggers high‐efficiency multiplex genome editing in kiwifruit
Authors: Wang Zupeng , Wang Shuaibin , Li Dawei , Zhang Qiong , Li Li , Zhong Caihong , Liu Yifei , Huang Hongwen 
Published: January 2018

SummaryKiwifruit is an important fruit crop; however, technologies for its functional genomic and molecular improvement are limited. The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein (Cas) system has been successfully applied to genetic improvement in many crops, but its editing capability is variable depending on the different combinations of the synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 protein expression devices. Optimizing conditions for its use within a particular species is therefore needed to achieve highly efficient genome editing. In this study, we developed a new cloning strategy for generating paired‐sgRNA/Cas9 vectors containing four sgRNAs targeting the kiwifruit phytoene desaturase gene (AcPDS). Comparing to the previous method of paired‐sgRNA cloning, our strategy only requires the synthesis of two gRNA‐containing primers which largely reduces the cost. We further compared efficiencies of paired‐sgRNA/Cas9 vectors containing different sgRNA expression devices, including both the polycistronic tRNA‐sgRNA cassette (PTG) and the traditional CRISPR expression cassette. We found the mutagenesis frequency of the PTG/Cas9 system was 10‐fold higher than that of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, coinciding with the relative expressions of sgRNAs in two different expression cassettes. In particular, we identified large chromosomal fragment deletions induced by the paired‐sgRNAs of the PTG/Cas9 system. Finally, as expected, we found both systems can successfully induce the albino phenotype of kiwifruit plantlets regenerated from the G418‐resistance callus lines. We conclude that the PTG/Cas9 system is a more powerful system than the traditional CRISPR/Cas9 system for kiwifruit genome editing, which provides valuable clues for optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 editing system in other plants.
Modification of chrysanthemum odour and taste with chrysanthemol synthase induces strong dual resistance against cotton aphids
Authors: Hu Hao , Li Jinjin , Delatte Thierry , Vervoort Jacques , Gao Liping , Verstappen Francel , Xiong Wei , Gan Jianping , Jongsma Maarten A. , Wang Caiyun 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAphids are pests of chrysanthemum that employ plant volatiles to select host plants and ingest cell contents to probe host quality before engaging in prolonged feeding and reproduction. Changes in volatile and nonvolatile metabolite profiles can disrupt aphid–plant interactions and provide new methods of pest control. Chrysanthemol synthase (CHS) from Tanacetum cinerariifolium represents the first committed step in the biosynthesis of pyrethrin ester insecticides, but no biological role for the chrysanthemol product alone has yet been documented. In this study, the TcCHS gene was over‐expressed in Chrysanthemum morifolium and resulted in both the emission of volatile chrysanthemol (ca. 47 pmol/h/gFW) and accumulation of a chrysanthemol glycoside derivative, identified by NMR as chrysanthemyl‐6‐O‐malonyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (ca. 1.1 mM), with no detrimental phenotypic effects. Dual‐choice assays separately assaying these compounds in pure form and as part of the headspace and extract demonstrated independent bioactivity of both components against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Performance assays showed that the TcCHS plants significantly reduced aphid reproduction, consistent with disturbance of aphid probing activities on these plants as revealed by electropenetrogram (EPG) studies. In open‐field trials, aphid population development was very strongly impaired demonstrating the robustness and high impact of the trait. The results suggest that expression of the TcCHS gene induces a dual defence system, with both repellence by chrysanthemol odour and deterrence by its nonvolatile glycoside, introducing a promising new option for engineering aphid control into plants.
Verification of DNA motifs in Arabidopsis using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis
Authors: Li Chenlong , Chen Chen , Chen Huhui , Wang Suikang , Chen Xuemei , Cui Yuhai 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTranscription factors (TFs) and chromatin‐modifying factors (CMFs) access chromatin by recognizing specific DNA motifs in their target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next‐generation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) has been widely used to discover the potential DNA‐binding motifs for both TFs and CMFs. Yet, an in vivo method for verifying DNA motifs captured by ChIP‐seq is lacking in plants. Here, we describe the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) to verify DNA motifs in their native genomic context in Arabidopsis. Using a single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the DNA motif bound by REF6, a DNA sequence‐specific H3K27 demethylase in plants, we generated stable transgenic plants where the motif was disrupted in a REF6 target gene. We also deleted a cluster of multiple motifs from another REF6 target gene using a pair of sgRNAs, targeting upstream and downstream regions of the cluster, respectively. We demonstrated that endogenous genes with motifs disrupted and/or deleted become inaccessible to REF6. This strategy should be widely applicable for in vivo verification of DNA motifs identified by ChIP‐seq in plants.
Most Colletotrichum species associated with tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and mango (Mangifera indica) crops are not host‐specific
Authors: Cabrera L. , Rojas P. , Rojas S. , Pardo‐De la Hoz C. J. , Mideros M. F. , Danies G. , Lopez‐Kleine L. , Jiménez P. , Restrepo S. 
Published: January 2018

An important constraint for crop production in Colombia is the high incidence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species. Although several studies have focused on these fungi, the relationship between the different fungal species within the genus and their hosts and whether they display any host preference or host specificity has yet to be examined. In Colombia, diseases caused by Colletotrichum species are particularly severe in mango (Mangifera indica) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) crops. In a previous investigation, the Colletotrichum phylogenetic species attacking these crops were identified. The present study aimed to determine whether isolates collected from tree tomato and mango showed host preference or host specificity by assessing aggressiveness, spore density, latent period, and fitness of each strain on the two hosts. In the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima, Colombia, isolates were collected from plants that presented typical anthracnose symptoms and were identified as C. acutatum, C. asianum, C. boninense, C. gloeosporioides, C. tamarilloi and C. theobromicola. Inoculation of conidia of each isolate onto both hosts showed isolates had no host preference and only the C. gloeosporioides isolate showed host specificity. However, in general, isolates produced a higher spore density when inoculated on the alternate host, which may indicate a difference in the degree of adaptation to each host. Statistical analyses of the assessed parameter values revealed that isolates use different infection strategies when infecting each host. In light of these results, the implications of using quantitative estimations of fitness when studying fungal pathogens are discussed.
Non-Parametric Bayesian Multivariate Metaregression: An Application in Environmental Epidemiology
Authors: Sim Gyuseok , Kim Ho , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Chung Yeonseung 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn biomedical research, meta-analysis is a popular tool to combine evidence from multiple studies to investigate an exposure–response association. A two-stage analytical approach is used in meta-analysis for its computational convenience and flexibility. The first stage estimates the association for each study whereas the second stage combines the study-specific estimates correcting for the study-specific error. The second stage often incorporates study-specific covariates (metapredictors) and is called metaregression. One application where the two-stage meta-analysis is useful is an epidemiological study for the health effects of environmental exposure, which often analyses time series data of exposure and health outcome collected from multiple locations. The first stage models location-specific association, which is often represented by multiple parameters as the association is non-linear or delayed, and the second stage conducts a multivariate metaregression with location-specific characteristics as metapredictors. The currently used multivariate metaregression is a form of normal linear regression, which may be limited as it assumes linearity in metapredictors, residual normality and homoscedasticity. In the paper, we propose a flexible multivariate metaregression in a non-parametric Bayesian modelling framework incorporating a residual spatial dependence. The proposed metaregression was evaluated through a simulation study and applied to investigate a temperature–mortality association in the 135 US cities.