bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pea PSII-LHCII supercomplexes form pairs by making connections across the stromal gap
Authors: Albanese Pascal , Melero Roberto , Engel Benjamin D , Grinzato Alessandro , Berto Paola , Manfredi Marcello , Chiodoni Angelica , Vargas Javier , Sorzano Carlos Óscar Sánchez , Marengo Emilio , Saracco Guido , Zanotti Giuseppe , Carazo Jose-Maria , Pagliano Cristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn higher plant thylakoids, the heterogeneous distribution of photosynthetic protein complexes is a determinant for the formation of grana, stacks of membrane discs that are densely populated with Photosystem II (PSII) and its light harvesting complex (LHCII). PSII associates with LHCII to form the PSII-LHCII supercomplex, a crucial component for solar energy conversion. Here, we report a biochemical, structural and functional characterization of pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, which were isolated under physiologically-relevant cation concentrations. Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the three-dimensional structure of paired C2S2M PSII-LHCII supercomplexes at 14 Å resolution. The two supercomplexes interact on their stromal sides through a specific overlap between apposing LHCII trimers and via physical connections that span the stromal gap, one of which is likely formed by interactions between the N-terminal loops of two Lhcb4 monomeric LHCII subunits. Fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction analysis showed that paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes are energetically coupled. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that additional flexible physical connections may form between the apposing LHCII trimers of paired PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in appressed thylakoid membranes. Our findings provide new insights into how interactions between pairs of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can link adjacent thylakoids to mediate the stacking of grana membranes.
Potential Antigens Involved in Delayed Xenograft Rejection in a Ggta1/Cmah Dko Pig-to-Monkey Model
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Xie Chongwei , Lu Ying , Zhou Ming , Qu Zepeng , Yao Da , Qiu Chuanghua , Xu Jia , Pan Dengke , Dai Yifan , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. , Ma Shanshan , Li Mingtao , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen hyperacute rejection is avoided by deletion of Gal expression in the pig, delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) becomes a major immunologic barrier to successful xenotransplantation. This study was to investigate the potential antigens involved in DXR. We isolated primary renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) and aortic endothelial cells (AEC) from a GGTA1/CMAH double-knockout (DKO) pig (and a GGTA1-KO pig) and immunized cynomolgus monkeys with both of these cells. After sensitization, monkey serum antibody binding and cytotoxicity to RMEC was significantly higher than to AEC(p < 0.05), suggesting that RMEC are more immunogenic than AEC. Transcriptome sequencing of GGTA1/CMAH DKO pigs indicated that the expression of 1,500 genes was higher in RMEC than in AEC, while expression of 896 genes was lower. Next, we selected 101 candidate genes expressed only in pig RMEC, but not in pig AEC or in monkey or human RMEC. When these genes were knocked out individually in GGTA1/CMAH DKO RMEC, 32 genes were associated with reduced antibody binding, indicating that these genes might be primary immunologic targets involved in DXR. These genes may be important candidates for deletion in producing pigs against which there is a reduced primate immune response in pig kidney xenograft.
A novel sex-linked mutant affecting tail formation in Hongshan chicken
Authors: Wang Qiong , Pi Jinsong , Pan Ailuan , Shen Jie , Qu Lujiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Hongshan chicken is a Chinese indigenous breed that has two distinctly different tail types. Some chickens have stunted tails as compared to the normal phenotype, and they are termed rumpless. Rumplessness in other chicken breeds was caused by a reduction in the number of coccygeal vertebrae. However, X-ray examination showed that rumpless Hongshan chickens possess the normal number of coccygeal vertebrae. Our analyses of the main tail feathers and tissue sections led us to speculate that their stunted tail appearance may be the result of abnormal feather development. To investigate the genetic mechanism underlying rumplessness in Hongshan chickens, we analyzed the results of various crosses. The results indicated that rumplessness is a Z-linked dominant character. In addition, we chose some normal and rumpless individuals for pool-sequencing. Nucleotide diversity and Fst were calculated, and a selective sweep was detected on the Z chromosome. These analyses allowed us to reduce the search area to 71.8–72 Mb on the Z chromosome (galGal5.0). A pseudogene LOC431648 located in this region appeared a strong candidate involving in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to regulate feather development in chickens.
The generalized Sellmeier equation for air
Authors: Voronin A. A. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present a compact, uniform generalized Sellmeier-equation (GSE) description of air refraction and its dispersion that remains highly accurate within an ultrabroad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the long-wavelength infrared. While the standard Sellmeier equation (SSE) for atmospheric air is not intended for the description of air refractivity in the mid-infrared and long-wavelength infrared, failing beyond, roughly 2.5 μm, our generalization of this equation is shown to agree remarkably well with full-scale air-refractivity calculations involving over half a million atmospheric absorption lines, providing a highly accurate description of air refractivity in the range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 13 μm. With its validity range being substantially broader than the applicability range of the SSE and its accuracy being at least an order of magnitude higher than the accuracy that the SSE can provide even within its validity range, the GSE-based approach offers a powerful analytical tool for the rapidly progressing mid- and long-wavelength-infrared optics of the atmosphere.
Ground-based astrometry calibrated by Gaia DR1: new perspectives in asteroid orbit determination
Authors: Spoto F. , Tanga P. , Bouquillon S. , Desmars J. , Hestroffer D. , Mignard F. , Altmann M. , Herald D. , Marchant J. , Barache C. , Carlucci T. , Lister T. , Taris F. 
Published: August 2017

Context. The Gaia Data Release 1 (GDR1) is a first, important step on the path of evolution of astrometric accuracy towards a much improved situation. Although asteroids are not present in GDR1, this intermediate release already impacts asteroid astrometry.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate how the GDR1 can change the approach to a few typical problems, including the determination of orbits from short-arc astrometry, the exploitation of stellar occultations, and the impact risk assessment.
Methods. We employ optimised asteroid orbit determination tools, and study the resulting orbit accuracy and post-fit residuals. For this goal, we use selected ground-based asteroid astrometry, and occultation events observed in the past. All measurements are calibrated by using GDR1 stars.
Results. We show that, by adopting GDR1, very short measurement arcs can already provide interesting orbital solutions, capable of correctly identifying near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and providing a much more accurate risk rating. We also demonstrate that occultations, previously used to derive asteroid size and shapes, now reach a new level of accuracy at which they can be fruitfully used to obtain astrometry at the level of accuracy of Gaia star positions.
Recyclable [Ce(l-Pro)2]2 (Oxa) used as Heterogeneous Catalyst: One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in Ethanol
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Chowrasia Rakhi , da Silva Caren , de Oliveira Aline , dos Santos Beatriz , Domingues Nelson 
Published: August 2017

[Ce(l-Pro)2]2 (Oxa) was used as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions for the preparation of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives. The one-pot protocol proceeds in ethanol using anthranilamide with several aldehydes at 50–55 °C. The catalyst can be recycled and reused three cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Initiation of Enteral Feeding After Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Miyake Hiromu , Koike Yuhki , Seo Shogo , Hock Alison , Chen Yong , Pierro Agostino 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Management of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) consists of cessation of enteral feeding, intravenous antibiotic administration, and supportive treatment. There is no evidence-based recommendation regarding when to restart feeding after a NEC episode. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of timing of enteral feeding reinitiation on NEC recurrence.
Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched. Human studies evaluating enteral feeding timing with a primary outcome of NEC recurrence were included. A total of 2,257 titles or abstracts were screened, and 47 full-text articles were analyzed. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing NEC recurrence and other associated outcomes between early (<5 days after NEC diagnosis) and delayed (>5 days) initiation of enteral feeding after NEC were performed according to the PRISMA statement. The meta-analysis data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results Two retrospective observational studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 56 cases in which enteral feeding was started early and 35 cases of delayed enteral feeding initiation. There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The recurrence rates of NEC were unchanged between early (5.4%) and delayed (8.6%) enteral feeding groups (pooled OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.12–3.16; p = 0.56; I
2 = 0%). Catheter-related sepsis (pooled OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01–3.29; p = 0.26; I
2 = 67%) and post-NEC stricture (pooled OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.07–1.18; p = 0.08; I
2 = 23%) rates were not different between early and delayed enteral feeding groups.
Conclusion Initiating early enteral feeding, within 5 days of NEC diagnosis, is not associated with adverse outcomes, including NEC recurrence. In addition, catheter-related sepsis and post-NEC stricture rates were unchanged between early and delayed enteral feeding groups after NEC. However, the quality of the evidence from the review of literature is suboptimal. A further RCT is needed to confirm these results.
Histological and Biochemical Evaluation of Urethral Scar following Three Different Hypospadias Repairs: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Tan Xiao-Hui , Long Chun-Lan , Zhang De-Ying , Lin Tao , He Da-Wei , Wei Guang-Hui , Liu Xing 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Several urethroplasties have been employed in the surgical treatment of hypospadias. Neourethral strictures are among the most common postoperative complications that often require reoperation.
Materials and Methods We created a hypospadias model in New Zealand white male rabbits through a hypospadias-like defect and acute repair. A total of 24 animals were randomly allocated into three groups: tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty (TIPU) group (8), perimeatal-based flap urethroplasty (Mathieu) group (8), onlay island flap urethroplasty (onlay) group (8), and corresponding surgical procedures were immediately performed to reconstruct neourethra. The rabbits were killed postoperatively at 5 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. The penile tissue was harvested for histological and biochemical investigations to evaluate the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMactin) in all groups.
Results All rabbits were operated on uneventfully. The amount of collagen content was increased in the Mathieu and onlay groups than in the TIPU group (p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis showed that the expression of TGF-β1 in the TIPU group was decreased compared with the two other groups at 2 or 6 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.01). The expression pattern regarding α-SMactin was similar at 6 weeks or 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The neourethra repaired by TIPU was practically resumed to normal anatomy and scarring was less apparent than the two other groups. Therefore, TIPU is considered as a relatively rational approach for hypospadias repair. The activity of fibroblasts has been increased in the long term, which may be the pathogenesis of neourethral stricture following hypospadias repair.
Successful Treatment of Osgood–Schlatter Disease with Autologous-Conditioned Plasma in Two Patients
Authors: Danneberg Dirk-Jonas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOsgood–Schlatter Disease (OSD) is a painful, growth-related overuse condition of the tibial tuberosity, leading to inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity. It primarily affects young adolescents, athletic population, and usually, resolves with age or skeletal maturity. Therapy is usually conservative, with surgery indicated in a minority of cases. For patients with treatment-resistant or refractory OSD, an alternative is the application of autologous platelet concentrate. Here, we describe two cases in which autologous-conditioned plasma therapy was used to treat OSD, and present the treatment protocol developed in our clinic.
Clinical Overview of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Porter Verna , Avidan Alon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep that allows motor responses to dream content. Patients display patterns of unusual, complex, and even violent motor activities. There is a high risk for harm to the patients or their bedpartners. REM sleep behavior disorder is more likely to occur in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy and may precede clinical manifestations by decades. In secondary RBD, brainstem centers involved in muscle atonia during REM are disrupted. These conditions include multiple sclerosis, cerebral vascular accidents, and brainstem tumors. The acute onset of RBD may associate with the use of antidepressants and acute withdrawal from alcohol. The diagnosis of RBD should be confirmed by polysomnography utilizing multiple-limb electromyography and synchronized digital video monitoring and demonstrate elevation of muscle tone during REM sleep along with dream enactment behavior. The differential diagnosis includes sleepwalking, nocturnal seizures, sleep apnea, and periodic limb movement disorder. Management focuses on maximizing safety, use of clonazepam/melatonin, and discussion of prognosis with patients.
Implementation of Quantification of Blood Loss Does Not Improve Prediction of Hemoglobin Drop in Deliveries with Average Blood Loss
Authors: Hamm Rebecca , Wang Eileen , Romanos April , O'Rourke Kathleen , Srinivas Sindhu 
Published: August 2017

Objective The National Partnership for Maternal Safety released a postpartum hemorrhage bundle in 2015 recommending quantification of blood loss (QBL) for all deliveries. We sought to determine whether QBL more accurately predicts hemoglobin (Hb) drop than visually estimated blood loss (EBL).
Study Design This is a prospective observational study. Preintervention data (PRE) were collected on all deliveries between October 15, 2013 and December 15, 2013. Deliveries were included if EBL, admission Hb, and 12-hour postpartum Hb (12hrCBC) were available. QBL was implemented in July 2015. Postintervention data (POST) were collected between October 20, 2015 and December 20, 2015. A total of 500 mL EBL was predicted to result in 1 g/dL Hb drop at 12hrCBC. Student's t-test was used to compare the means.
Results A total of 592 of 626 (95%) PRE and 583 of 613 (95%) POST deliveries were included. Overall, 278 (48%) POST deliveries had QBL recorded. In both PRE and POST, actual Hb drop differed from predicted by 0.6 g/dL in both groups of deliveries. When evaluating deliveries with EBL > 1,000 mL, QBL in POST was slightly better at predicting Hb drop versus EBL in PRE, although not statistically significant (0.2 vs. 0.5 g/dL, p = 0.17).
Conclusion In all deliveries, QBL does not predict Hb drop more accurately than EBL. The decision to perform QBL needs to balance accuracy with a resource intense measurement process.
Grundlegende Maßzahlen zur Analyse 2-stufiger Merkmalsausprägungen: Risiko, Odds, Logits, Relatives Risiko, Odds Ratio
Authors: Wirtz Markus 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungIn den Rehabilitationswissenschaften sind Merkmale häufig dichotom ausgeprägt oder werden dichotom erfasst. Für die Kommunikation von Merkmalsausprägungen oder als Entscheidungsgrundlage erweisen sich 2-gestufte Formate wie ‚ja vs. nein‘‚ ‚unauffällig vs. auffällig‘ oder ‚arbeitsfähig vs. nicht arbeitsfähig‘ oft als günstig, auch wenn die unterliegende Information als feiner gestuft angenommen werden kann. Für die statistische Darstellung der Auftretenshäufigkeit eines Merkmals werden die Definitionen und Eigenschaften der in der Rehabilitationsforschung typischerweise angewendeten Maße Risiko, Odds und Logits behandelt. Relatives Risiko, Risiko-Reduktion, Logit-Reduktion, Odds Ratio und ln(Odds Ratio) bilden den Zusammenhang zweier Merkmale ab. Odds Ratio und ln(Odds Ratio) bleiben konstant, unabhängig davon, wie häufig die Einzelmerkmale auftreten (z. B. seltene vs. häufige Erkrankung). Diese Maße bilden die unterliegende Zusammenhangsstärke unabhängig von anderen Verteilungseigenschaften ab. Aufgrund dieser sehr günstigen Eigenschaft basieren wichtige korrelationsstatistische Maßzahlen auf Odds Ratio. Es wird gezeigt, dass sowohl statistische Eigenschaften als auch Aspekte der verständlichen und fehlerfreien Interpretierbarkeit der Analysebefunde bei der Auswahl und Darstellung der Maßzahlen berücksichtigt werden müssen.
SCIWORA – häufig oder überschätzt?
Authors: Kandziora Frank , Yildiz Ulas , Marcus Oswald 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff SCIWORA wurde 1982 erstmals als eine Rückenmarksschädigung ohne erkennbare Verletzungszeichen in der damals verfügbaren apparativen Diagnostik beschrieben. Die Erweiterung der Bildgebung und deren verbesserte Qualität waren Wegbereiter für eine unbeständige Auslegung des Akronyms und für die Entstehung eines sehr heterogenen Patientenkollektivs. Trotz der Betonung des kindlichen SCIWORAs in der älteren Literatur wird in den aktuellen Publikationen eine Verschiebung der Häufigkeit hin zum adulten SCIWORA (SCIWORET) beobachtet. Damit wird das kindliche SCIWORA aus tradiertem Aspekt häufig überschätzt, wohingegen das SCIWORET nach den heutigen Inzidenzraten eher unterschätzt wird. Während das Therapieregime des kindlichen SCIWORA aus konservativen Maßnahmen besteht, bedarf das SCIWORET nach aktuellen Empfehlungen einer frühzeitigen operativen Therapie.
Stellenwert der chirurgischen Sonografie in der Diagnostik der akuten Appendizitis: Literaturübersicht und ein praxisnaher Diagnosealgorithmus
Authors: Beltzer Christian , Zischek Christoph , Schmidt Roland , Friemert Benedikt , Achatz Gerhard , Palm Hans-Georg 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Stellenwert der Sonografie (Ultraschall, US) bei der Diagnostik der akuten Appendizitis ist umstritten. Unklar ist, welche Wertigkeit der US im Vergleich zu anderen bildgebenden Verfahren wie der Computertomografie (CT) und der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) besitzt, aber auch, ob zwischen chirurgisch durchgeführter Sonografie („surgeon-performed ultrasound“, SPUS) und der radiologischen Sonografie („radiologist-performed ultrasound“, RPUS) Unterschiede bestehen. Ziel unserer Studie ist es, anhand einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche einen US-gestützten Algorithmus aufzuzeigen, mit dessen Hilfe die Entscheidung zu weiterer Diagnostik oder Operation vereinfacht werden kann.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE (PubMed®) der Jahre 2010 bis 2016 durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 53 relevante Volltextartikel ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Der US wird vielfach als integraler Bestandteil im diagnostischen Algorithmus der akuten Appendizitis eingesetzt. SPUS und RPUS unterscheiden sich in Bezug auf Sensitivität, Spezifität, positiv und negativ prädiktivem Wert (PPV, NPV) nicht statistisch signifikant. Der SPUS bietet gegenüber dem RPUS den Vorteil der simultanen klinischen Einschätzung des Patienten durch den Chirurgen während der sonografischen Untersuchung („Sonopalpation“), wodurch die diagnostische Treffsicherheit nochmals erhöht werden kann. Die Strahlenexposition durch CT konnte aufgrund des vermehrt eingesetzten und gut verfügbaren US bereits deutlich reduziert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Der SPUS sollte als integraler Bestandteil eines strukturierten diagnostischen Algorithmus, wie beschrieben, bei allen Patienten mit Verdacht auf akute Appendizitis als erstes bildgebendes Verfahren zur Anwendung kommen. Nur bei nicht möglicher sonografischer Visualisierung der Appendix in Verbindung mit spezifischen klinischen und/oder laborchemischen Kriterien empfiehlt sich eine zusätzliche Diagnostik mittels CT oder MRT.
Statische Gefäßanalyse der retinalen Blutgefäße in einer populationsbasierten Kohorte unter Berücksichtigung des Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Theophil Constanze , Jürgens Clemens , Großjohann Rico , Kempin Robert , Ittermann Till , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Tost Frank 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Interdisziplinäre Untersuchungen möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen Allgemeinerkrankungen und ophthalmologischen Veränderungen sind im klinischen Umfeld eher schwierig durchführbar; sie gewinnen jedoch durch den altersbedingten Anstieg chronischer Erkrankungen zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Methoden Die populationsbasierte SHIP-Trend-Studie wurde zwischen 2008 und 2012 in Greifswald durchgeführt. Die Baseline-Untersuchungen umfasste 4420 Probanden (Response 50,1%) im Alter von 20 bis 84 Jahren. Selbstangaben zu arterieller Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus und Raucherstatus wurden erfragt, der Blutdruck und laborchemisch das HbA1c wurden bestimmt. Die Gefäßdurchmesser retinaler Arteriolen und Venolen wurden mittels nonmydriatischer Augenhintergrundaufnahmen ermittelt und daraus das mittlere retinale arterielle (CRAE) und venöse Äquivalent (CRVE) berechnet. Die Assoziation von Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Raucherstatus und Blutdruck mit den retinalen Gefäßparametern wurde adjustiert für Alter und Geschlecht mit linearen Regressionsmodellen geprüft.
Ergebnisse Bei 3218 Probanden mit auswertbaren standardisierten Fundusfotos zeigten sich signifikante Assoziationen von erhöhtem HbA1c (> 6,5%), Raucherstatus, systolischem und diastolischem Blutdruck mit den retinalen Gefäßweiten CRAE und CRVE. Anamnestischer Diabetes mellitus war hingegen mit keinem der Gefäßparameter assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Bevölkerungsstudie offenbart relevante Zusammenhänge zwischen Allgemeinerkrankungen und der retinalen Mikrostrombahn am Sehorgan. Daraus folgt, dass Allgemeinerkrankungen ophthalmologische Veränderungen begünstigen können. Die bildgebende Augenhintergrunduntersuchung kann aber auch umgekehrt Informationen zur Beurteilung allgemeiner Erkrankungen liefern.