bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal mandible growth in wild and laboratory mice: Differences revealed from bone remodeling patterns and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Martínez‐Vargas Jessica , Muñoz‐Muñoz Francesc , Martinez‐Maza Cayetana , Molinero Amalia , Ventura Jacint 
Published: May 2017

AbstractComparative information on the variation in the temporospatial patterning of mandible growth in wild and laboratory mice during early postnatal ontogeny is scarce but important to understand variation among wild rodent populations. Here, we compare mandible growth between two ontogenetic series from the second to the eighth week of postnatal life, corresponding to two different groups of mice reared under the same conditions: the classical inbred strain C57BL/6J, andMus musculus domesticus. We characterize the ontogenetic patterns of bone remodeling of the mandibles belonging to these laboratory and wild mice by analyzing bone surface, as well as examine their ontogenetic form changes and bimodular organization using geometric morphometrics. Through ontogeny, the two mouse groups display similar directions of mandible growth, according to the temporospatial distribution of bone remodeling fields. The allometric shape variation of the mandibles of these mice entails the relative enlargement of the ascending ramus. The organization of the mandible into two modules is confirmed in both groups during the last postnatal weeks. However, especially after weaning, the mandibles of wild and laboratory mice differ in the timing and localization of several remodeling fields, in addition to exhibiting different patterns of shape variation and differences in size. The stimulation of dentary bone growth derived from the harder post‐weaning diet might account for some features of postnatal mandible growth common to both groups. Nonetheless, a large component of the postnatal growth of the mouse mandible appears to be driven by the inherent genetic programs, which might explain between‐group differences.
Building personal resources through interventions: An integrative review
Authors: Gilbert Elisabeth , Foulk Trevor , Bono Joyce 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of disparate literatures have emerged to test interventions intended to increase individuals' psychological, cognitive, and physiological resources. Although many of these interventions were originally designed for individual or clinical use, a growing number of commentators have called for their adoption in organizations. But controversy remains about their efficacy in the workplace. We review the research literature on 6 interventions that have been used to build volatile personal resources: malleable, individual‐level constructs that are vital for withstanding work stress and proximal to work outcomes. In so doing, we evaluate the generalizability of these interventions to organizational settings, along with their potential benefits and costs. Our findings highlight new opportunities for both research and practice.
The table grape ‘Victoria’ with a long shaped berry: a potential mutation with attractive characteristics for consumers
Authors: Ferrara Giuseppe , Gallotta Alessandra , Pacucci Carmela , Matarrese Angela Maria Stella , Mazzeo Andrea , Giancaspro Angelica , Gadaleta Agata , Piazzolla Francesca , Colelli Giancarlo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPuglia is the most important region in Italy for table grape production. Since consumers look for new products, the number of table grape varieties has greatly increased in recent years.RESULTSIn a survey in the Puglia region, we identified several years ago a potential mutation of the cv. Victoria. We described this accession in comparison with the standard Victoria for some amphelographic traits. All the characteristics were very similar to the standard Victoria except for the berry shape, which was significantly more elongated. Moreover, the berry of the mutated Victoria showed higher firmness, lightness and chroma than the standard one, with a more intense yellow colour of the skin (appreciated by consumers). The molecular characterisation with 25 SSR markers showed that normal and mutant Victoria were genetically identical at all the analysed loci, thus suggesting that the two accessions could be considered as clones with the difference in berry shape probably due to a somatic mutation.CONCLUSIONSThis mutation of the cv. Victoria may have interesting perspective for the market since consumers are always attracted by different shape and colour of the fruits (consumers buy with eyes). This accession can be an alternative clone of the already known standard Victoria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Reducing anti‐nutritional factor and enhancing yield with advancing time of planting and zinc application in grasspea in Ethiopia
Authors: Sarker Ashutosh , Fikre Asnake , El‐Moneim Ali M Abd , Nakkoul Hani , Singh Murari 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important pulse crop for food, feed and sustainable crop production systems in Ethiopia. Despite its advantages in nutrition and adaptability to harsh climate and low fertile soil, it contains a neurotoxin, β‐N‐oxalyl‐α,β‐diamiono propionic acid (β‐ODAP), which paralyses the lower limbs and is affected by genotypic and agronomic factors. To determine the effect of zinc application and planting date on yield and β‐ODAP content of two genotypes, experiments were conducted in two regions of Ethiopia.RESULTSThe main effects of variety, sowing date and zinc and their interactions were significant (P < 0.001) for β‐ODAP and seed yield, which had a linear relationship with zinc. For the improved grasspea variety, an application of 20 kg ha−1 zinc showed a reduction of β‐ODAP from 0.15% to 0.088% at Debre Zeit and 0.14% to 0.08% at Sheno and increased its yield from 841 kg ha−1 to 2260 kg ha−1 at Debre Zeit and from 715 to 1835 kg ha−1 at Sheno. Early sowing showed a reduction in ODAP content in relation to the late sowing.CONCLUSIONAn application of Zn beyond even 20 kg ha−1 with an early sowing is recommended for the improved variety. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Harvesting and blending options for lower alcohol wines: a sensory and chemical investigation
Authors: Longo Rocco , Blackman John W , Antalick Guillaume , Torley Peter J , Rogiers Suzy Y , Schmidtke Leigh M 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLower alcohol wines often have a poor reputation among consumers, in part due to their unsatisfactory flavours such as reduced overall aroma intensity or herbaceous characters. The aim of this study, performed on Verdelho and Petit Verdot, was to quantify the effectiveness of a monovarietal blend in which wines made from less ripe grapes were blended with an equivalent volume of a wine vinified from riper fruit to produce wines with a lower alcohol content and desirable ripe fruit flavours.RESULTSEleven and 13 attributes, for Verdelho and Petit Verdot, respectively, were selected during sensory descriptive analysis. Intensities of perceived ‘acidity’, ‘sweetness’ and ‘alcohol’ attributes were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) between the blend (8.8 ± 0.1% v/v) and mature Verdelho (10.3 ± 0.1% v/v) wines, while no significant differences were found between the Petit Verdot blend (11.0 ± 0.1% v/v) and mature (12.6 ± 0.2% v/v) treatments. Volatile composition of wines was assessed using HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS. Partial least square regression suggested relationships between sensory descriptors and chemical attributes in the wines, as well as the modifications of sensory and compositional profiles following blending.CONCLUSIONSThe blending practice described allowed the production of wines with lower alcohol content while retaining similar sensory profiles of the later harvested, riper fruit wines. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dissolved organic carbon in the Ross Sea: Deep enrichment and export
Authors: Bercovici Sarah K. , Huber Bruce A. , DeJong Hans B. , Dunbar Robert B. , Hansell Dennis A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAntarctica's continental shelves generate the densest waters in the world and are responsible for the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), a water mass with the potential to sequester carbon in the deep ocean for millennia. One such form of marine carbon is dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the ocean's largest standing stock of reduced carbon. In this study, we quantify DOC enrichment in dense shelf waters (DSW) in the Ross Sea and assess the potential for DOC to be sequestered from Antarctic shelves into AABW. We find that Ross Sea DSW is enriched in DOC by ∼7 μmol kg−1 relative to the incoming source waters (initial conditions), which is primarily caused by vertical mixing. The total DOC excess in DSW suggests that 4.0 ± 0.6 Tg DOC yr−1 is exported off the shelf. However, this exported fraction does not appear to persist in newly formed AABW and is likely remineralized, sequestering this carbon as TCO2 in the deep ocean.
Dual pH‐Sensitive DOX‐Conjugated Cyclodextrin‐Core Star Nano‐Copolymer Prodrugs
Authors: Hou Yu , Liu Yuyang , Sun Shuangshuang , Liang Jianghu 
Published: May 2017

Herein this study reports dual pH‐sensitive doxorubicin (DOX)‐conjugated β‐cyclodextrin‐core star copolymers with tailoring properties such as direct water‐solubility and stability prior to reaching target sites. For these purposes, three kinds of novel well‐defined β‐cyclodextrin‐core poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐4‐formylphenyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) star copolymers (CD‐star‐P(DEA‐co‐FPMA)‐b‐PPEGMA, SPDFP1–3) with different poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate contents are designed and synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) strategy. 4‐Formylphenyl methacrylate is introduced into the inner arm block of the star copolymers for conjugating DOX by imine bond formation. Interestingly, the DOX‐conjugated β‐cyclodextrin‐core star copolymers not only can directly dissolve in aqueous buffer solution of pH 7.0 to form unimolecular micelles without any aid of organic solvent, but also exhibit strong pH‐dependent DOX release. At normal pH 7.4 the DOX amount released is very small, whereas at pH 5.0 DOX can be released. By selecting SPDFP2–DOX as a representative, it is found that the SPDFP2–DOX micelles show less cytotoxicity compared to carrier‐free DOX and can be internalized by HeLa cells. It is expected that the exploration can provide new strategy for preparing drug delivery system.
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Oxygen extraction fraction mapping at 3 Tesla using an artificial neural network: A feasibility study
Authors: Domsch Sebastian , Mürle Bettina , Weingärtner Sebastian , Zapp Jascha , Wenz Frederik , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) is an important biomarker for tissue‐viability. MRI enables noninvasive estimation of the OEF based on the blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) effect. Quantitative OEF‐mapping is commonly applied using least‐squares regression (LSR) to an analytical tissue model. However, the LSR method has not yet become clinically established due to the necessity for long acquisition times. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) recently have received increasing interest for robust curve‐fitting and might pose an alternative to the conventional LSR method for reduced acquisition times. This study presents in vivo OEF mapping results using the conventional LSR and the proposed ANN method.MethodsIn vivo data of five healthy volunteers and one patient with a primary brain tumor were acquired at 3T using a gradient‐echo sampled spin‐echo (GESSE) sequence. The ANN was trained with simulated BOLD data.ResultsIn healthy subjects, the mean OEF was 36 ± 2% (LSR) and 40 ± 1% (ANN). The OEF variance within subjects was reduced from 8% to 6% using the ANN method. In the patient, both methods revealed a distinct OEF hotspot in the tumor area, whereas ANN showed less apparent artifacts in surrounding tissue.ConclusionIn clinical scan times, the ANN analysis enables OEF mapping with reduced variance, which could facilitate its integration into clinical protocols. Magn Reson Med 79:890–899, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Linear smoothed extended finite element method
Authors: Surendran M. , Natarajan Sundararajan , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Palani G. S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe extended finite element method was introduced in 1999 to treat problems involving discontinuities with no or minimal remeshing through appropriate enrichment functions. This enables elements to be split by a discontinuity, strong or weak, and hence requires the integration of discontinuous functions or functions with discontinuous derivatives over elementary volumes. A variety of approaches have been proposed to facilitate these special types of numerical integration, which have been shown to have a large impact on the accuracy and the convergence of the numerical solution. The smoothed extended finite element method (XFEM), for example, makes numerical integration elegant and simple by transforming volume integrals into surface integrals. However, it was reported in the literature that the strain smoothing is inaccurate when non‐polynomial functions are in the basis. In this paper, we investigate the benefits of a recently developed Linear smoothing procedure which provides better approximation to higher‐order polynomial fields in the basis. Some benchmark problems in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics are solved and the results are compared with existing approaches. We observe that the stress intensity factors computed through the proposed linear smoothed XFEM is more accurate than that obtained through smoothed XFEM.
Extended isogeometric analysis based on PHT‐splines for crack propagation near inclusions
Authors: Nguyen‐Thanh Nhon , Zhou Kun 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAdaptive local refinement is one of the main issues for isogeometric analysis (IGA). In this paper, an adaptive extended IGA (XIGA) approach based on polynomial splines over hierarchical T‐meshes (PHT‐splines) for modeling crack propagation is presented. The PHT‐splines overcome certain limitations of nonuniform rational B‐splines–based formulations; in particular, they make local refinements feasible. To drive the adaptive mesh refinement, we present a recovery‐based error estimator for the proposed method. The method is based on the XIGA method, in which discontinuous enrichment functions are added to the IGA approximation and this method does not require remeshing as the cracks grow. In addition, crack propagation is modeled by successive linear extensions that are determined by the stress intensity factors under linear elastic fracture mechanics. The proposed method has been used to analyze numerical examples, and the stress intensity factors results were compared with reference results. The findings demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Effects of thinner on RTV silicone rubber nanocomposites reinforced with GR and CNTs
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Lee Dong‐Joo 
Published: May 2017

The effects of thinner on rubber specimens with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphitic nanofillers (GR) was studied for robotics applications. Rubber specimens were prepared by dispersing GR, CNTs and thinner in room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber through solution mixing. Microscopic studies have confirmed occurrence of swelling in polymer chains due to migration of thinner. It results an increase in topological depth from 40 nm (no thinner) to 120 nm (40 phr of thinner). An elastic modulus of ~4.4 MPa (without thinner) was higher than 2.8 MPa (10 phr of thinner). At 100% strain, the lower dissipation losses of 110% (without thinner) and 70% (40 phr of thinner) were obtained. The resistance increases from 4.6 kΩ (without thinner) to 5.7 kΩ (10 phr of thinner). At 0.4‐mm‐thick elastomer slab, an actuation displacement of 0.81 mm (without thinner) was obtained which increased to 1.1 mm (60 phr of thinner). Thus, the thinner can be useful for easier processing, controlled stiffness, minimizing dissipation losses, increasing the actuation displacement and decreasing the cost of the device. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties of novel, selective, and potent EP4 receptor antagonists
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srinivasan , Yu Xiao‐Peng , Harvey Anita K. , Oskins Jennifer L. , Lin Chaohua , Wang Xushan , Blanco Maria‐Jesus , Fisher Matthew J. , Kuklish Steven L. , Schiffler Matthew A. , Vetman Tatiana , Warshawsky Alan M. , York Jeremy S. , Bendele Alison M. , Chambers Mark G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProstaglandin (PG) E2 is the key driver of inflammation associated with arthritic conditions. Inhibitors of PGE2 production (NSAIDs and Coxibs) are used to treat these conditions, but carry significant side effect risks due to the inhibition of all prostanoids that play important physiological function. The activities of PGE2 are transduced through various receptor sub‐types. Prostaglandin E2 type 4 receptor (EP4) is associated with the development of inflammation and autoimmunity. We therefore are interested in identifying novel EP4 antagonists to treat the signs and symptoms of arthritis without the potential side effects of PGE2 modulators such as NSAIDs and Coxibs. Novel EP4 antagonists representing distinct chemical scaffolds were identified using a variety of in vitro functional assays and were shown to be selective and potent. The compounds were shown to be efficacious in animal models of analgesia, inflammation, and arthritis.
Investigation of the NREL phase VI experiment with the incompressible CFD solver THETA
Authors: Länger‐Möller A. , Löwe J. , Kessler R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDLR's incompressible flow solver THETA is introduced for wind turbine applications on the isolated NREL phase VI Unsteady Aerodynamic Experiment rotor. The optimization of parameter settings for the prediction of attached and separated flows on the rotor is performed, including time step size, spatial discretization scheme, turbulence models and Chimera overset grid technique. Afterwards, a systematic study on the pressure distributions, rotor thrust and rotor torque for experimental series S, I and J is performed. The accuracy of results for wind velocities between 7 and 25 m s[[EQUATION1]], covering attached, partly separated and deep stalled flow conditions, is discussed. While good to excellent agreement between THETA sectional pressure distributions and the experimental reference data is achieved in attached flow and deep stall configurations, more efforts are needed to predict partly separated flow cases with comparable accuracy. A code‐to‐code comparison with DLR's compressible flow solver TAU enabled the quantification of differences in pressure prediction because of the use of incompressible and compressible flow solvers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Presence of Postoperative Infectious Complications is Associated with the Risk of Early Postoperative Clinical Recurrence of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Guo Zhen , Cao Lei , Guo Feilong , Gong Jianfeng , Li Yi , Gu Lili , Zhu Weiming , Li Jieshou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for early clinical and surgical recurrence in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who underwent intestinal resection.MethodThis was a retrospective study. Consecutive patients who underwent intestinal resection with a primary anastomosis from January 2011–December 2014 were enrolled. Gender, age at surgery, clinical phenotypes of CD, serum albumin and C‐reactive protein level the day before surgery, smoking status at surgery, anastomosis technique, number of anastomoses, details of postoperative complications, the postoperative prophylactic treatment were assessed to figure out risk factors for postoperative clinical and surgical recurrence within 1 year after the initial resection by univariate and then multivariate analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐seven patients were analyzed. The risk of early postoperative clinical recurrence was 2.99 times higher in patients suffered postoperative infectious complications [odds ratio (OR) 2.99; 95% CIs, 1.42–6.32; p = 0.004], while never‐smoking was found to be a protective factor for early clinical recurrence (OR 0.326; 95% CIs, 0.18–0.59; p < 0.0001). For surgical recurrence within 1 year after resection, the presence of postoperative intra‐abdominal septic complications might be a risk factor (OR 6.77; 95% CIs, 1.61–28.5; p = 0.009). Smoker at surgery was also a risk factor for early surgical recurrence (OR 5.41; 95% CIs, 1.36–21.5; p = 0.017).ConclusionThe presence of postoperative infectious complications was identified as a possible risk factor for early postoperative clinical recurrence after resection in CD patients.
Shoulder Arthroplasty for Humeral Head Avascular Necrosis is Associated with Increased Postoperative Complications
Authors: Tyrrell Burrus M. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Boatright Jeffrey D. , Yang Scott , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: May 2017

Background Humeral head avascular necrosis (AVN) of differing etiologies may lead to shoulder arthroplasty due to subchondral bone collapse and deformity of the articular surface. There have been no large studies evaluating the complications for these patients after they undergo total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Questions/Purposes The first objective of this study is to evaluate the complication rate after TSA in patients with humeral head AVN. The secondary objective is to compare the complication rates among the different etiologies of the AVN. Methods Patients who underwent TSA were identified in the PearlDiver database using ICD-9 codes. Patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty for humeral head AVN were identified using ICD-9 codes and were subclassified according to AVN etiology (posttraumatic, alcohol use, chronic steroid use, and idiopathic). Complications evaluated included postoperative infection within 6 months, dislocation within 1 year, revision shoulder arthroplasty up to 8 years postoperatively, shoulder stiffness within 1 year, and periprosthetic fracture within 1 year and systemic complications within 3 months. Postoperative complication rates were compared to controls. Results The study cohorts included 4129 TSA patients with AVN with 141, 778 control TSA patients. Patients with posttraumatic AVN were significantly more likely to have a postoperative infection (OR 2.47, P < 0.001), dislocation (OR 1.45, P = 0.029), revision surgery (OR 1.53, P = 0.001), stiffness (OR 1.24, P = 0.042), and systemic complication (OR 1.49, P < 0.001). Steroid-associated AVN was associated with a significantly increased risk for a postoperative infection (OR 1.72, P = 0.004), revision surgery (OR 1.33, P = 0.040), fracture (OR 2.76, P = 0.002), and systemic complication (OR 1.59, P < 0.001). Idiopathic and alcohol-associated AVN were not significantly associated with any of the postoperative evaluated complications. Conclusions TSA in patients with humeral head AVN is associated with significantly increased rates of numerous postoperative complications compared to patients without a diagnosis of AVN, including infection, dislocation, revision arthroplasty, stiffness, periprosthetic fracture, and medical complications. Specifically, AVN due to steroid use or from a posttraumatic cause appears to be associated with the statistically highest rates of postoperative TSA complications. Given these findings, orthopedic surgeons should be increasingly aware of this association, which should influence the shared decision-making process of undergoing TSA in patients with humeral head AVN.