bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An active‐radio‐frequency‐identification system capable of identifying co‐locations and social‐structure: Validation with a wild free‐ranging animal
Authors: Ellwood Stephen A. , Newman Chris , Montgomery Robert A. , Nicosia Vincenzo , Buesching Christina D. , Markham Andrew , Mascolo Cecilia , Trigoni Niki , Pasztor Bence , Dyo Vladimir , Latora Vito , Baker Sandra E. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Behavioural events that are important for understanding sociobiology and movement ecology are often rare, transient and localised, but can occur at spatially distant sites e.g. territorial incursions and co‐locating individuals. Existing animal tracking technologies, capable of detecting such events, are limited by one or more of: battery life; data resolution; location accuracy; data security; ability to co‐locate individuals both spatially and temporally. Technology that at least partly resolves these limitations would be advantageous. European badgers (Meles meles L.), present a challenging test‐bed, with extra‐group paternity (apparent from genotyping) contradicting established views on rigid group territoriality with little social‐group mixing.

In a proof of concept study we assess the utility of a fully automated active‐radio‐frequency‐identification (aRFID) system combining badger‐borne aRFID‐tags with static, wirelessly‐networked, aRFID‐detector base‐stations to record badger co‐locations at setts (burrows) and near notional border latrines. We summarise the time badgers spent co‐locating within and between social‐groups, applying network analysis to provide evidence of co‐location based community structure, at both these scales.

The aRFID system co‐located animals within 31.5 m (adjustable) of base‐stations. Efficient radio transmission between aRFIDs and base‐stations enables a 20 g tag to last for 2–5 years (depending on transmission interval). Data security was high (data stored off tag), with remote access capability. Badgers spent most co‐location time with members of their own social‐groups at setts; remaining co‐location time was divided evenly between intra‐ and inter‐social‐group co‐locations near latrines and inter‐social‐group co‐locations at setts. Network analysis showed that 20–100% of tracked badgers engaged in inter‐social‐group mixing per week, with evidence of trans‐border super‐groups, that is, badgers frequently transgressed notional territorial borders.

aRFID occupies a distinct niche amongst established tracking technologies. We validated the utility of aRFID to identify co‐locations, social‐structure and inter‐group mixing within a wild badger population, leading us to refute the conventional view that badgers (social‐groups) are territorial and to question management strategies, for controlling bovine TB, based on this model. Ultimately aRFID proved a versatile system capable of identifying social‐structure at the landscape scale, operating for years and suitable for use with a range of species.
Ticagrelor mitigates ischaemia–reperfusion induced vascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy young males – a randomized, single‐blinded study
Authors: Weisshaar Stefan , Litschauer Brigitte , Eipeldauer Matthias , Hobl Eva Luise , Wolzt Michael 
Published: July 2017

AimsAnimal data suggest that ticagrelor but not clopidogrel protects against tissue injury. It is unclear if this effect of ticagrelor is also detectable in humans. We studied the effect of ticagrelor and clopidogrel at standard clinical doses on endothelial dysfunction in an experimental model of forearm vascular ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury.MethodsIn a randomized, single‐blinded trial, 24 subjects underwent forearm blood flow (FBF) measurements in response to the endothelium‐dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) and to glyceryltrinitrate (GTN; endothelium‐independent) before and after a 20 min forearm ischaemia. FBF reactivity was assessed after an oral loading dose of ticagrelor or clopidogrel and after 14 days of regular intake of maintenance doses of the study medicines. In addition, the effect on platelet inhibition was evaluated using multiple electrode aggregometry.ResultsACh‐induced vasodilation was impaired during reperfusion and not completely normalized by acute or chronic treatment with ticagrelor or clopidogrel (post‐ vs. pre‐ischaemia). However, ticagrelor mitigated endothelial dysfunction compared to clopidogrel after loading (FBF AChAUC ratio post‐ vs. pre‐ischaemia: 0.83 [0.70; 0.96] vs. 0.64 [0.56; 0.72]; P = 0.024) and after chronic administration (FBF AChAUC ratio: 0.86 [0.71; 1.00] vs. 0.66 [0.55; 0.77]; P = 0.027). As expected, GTN‐induced vasodilation was not affected by ischaemia. Ticagrelor or clopidogrel treatment inhibited platelet activation to a similar degree.ConclusionOur data indicate that ticagrelor treatment exerts a greater vascular salutary effect than clopidogrel during reperfusion after an acute vascular occlusion. IR‐induced vascular injury cannot be prevented completely by administration of these antiplatelet agents at standard clinical doses.
Smoking and alcohol and subsequent risk of myelodysplastic syndromes in Japan: the Japan Public Health Centre‐based Prospective Study
Authors: Ugai Tomotaka , Matsuo Keitaro , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Yamaji Taiki , Shimazu Taichi , Sasazuki Shizuka , Inoue Manami , Kanda Yoshinobu , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   the Japan Public Health Centre‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: July 2017

SummarySmoking and alcohol are important modifiable risk factors for human cancers. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated their association with the risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here, we investigated the association of smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of MDS in a large‐scale population‐based cohort study in Japan. We included 95 510 Japanese subjects (45 451 men and 50 059 women; age 40–69 years at baseline) and identified 70 MDS cases (50 men and 20 women) during 18·3 years of follow‐up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a Cox regression model adjusted for potential confounders. Smoking was marginally associated with an increased risk of MDS among men, with a HR for current smokers relative to never smokers of 2·11 (95% CI: 0·91–4·89). In contrast, alcohol consumption was associated with a dose‐dependent decrease in the risk of MDS among men (nondrinkers: reference, occasional drinkers: HR = 0·48, 0·16–1·41; 0–299 g/week: HR = 0·37, 0·19–0·73; ≥300 g/week: HR = 0·49, 0·22–1·08, P for trend = 0·010). This study showed that alcohol has a significant protective effect on the risk of MDS. In addition, this study might indicate that smoking increases the risk of MDS among Japanese population, as it does in Western populations.
Altered levels of soluble CD18 may associate immune mechanisms with outcome in sepsis
Authors: Kragstrup T W , Juul-Madsen K , Christiansen S H , Zhang X , Krog J , Vorup-Jensen T , Kjærgaard A G 
Published: July 2017

Summary
The pathogenesis of sepsis involves a dual inflammatory response, with a hyperinflammatory phase followed by, or in combination with, a hypoinflammatory phase. The adhesion molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) and macrophage-1 (Mac-1) (CD11b/CD18) support leucocyte adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecules and phagocytosis through complement opsonization, both processes relevant to the immune response during sepsis. Here, we investigate the role of soluble (s)CD18 in sepsis with emphasis on sCD18 as a mechanistic biomarker of immune reactions and outcome of sepsis. sCD18 levels were measured in 15 septic and 15 critically ill non-septic patients. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as controls. CD18 shedding from human mononuclear cells was increased in vitro by several proinflammatory mediators relevant in sepsis. sCD18 inhibited cell adhesion to the complement fragment iC3b, which is a ligand for CD11b/CD18, also known as Mac-1 or complement receptor 3. Serum sCD18 levels in sepsis non-survivors displayed two distinct peaks permitting a partitioning into two groups, namely sCD18 ‘high’ and sCD18 ‘low’, with median levels of sCD18 at 2158 mU/ml [interquartile range (IQR) 2093–2811 mU/ml] and 488 mU/ml (IQR 360–617 mU/ml), respectively, at the day of intensive care unit admission. Serum sCD18 levels partitioned sepsis non-survivors into one group of ‘high’ sCD18 and low CRP and another group with ‘low’ sCD18 and high C-reactive protein. Together with the mechanistic data generated in vitro, we suggest the partitioning in sCD18 to reflect a compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome and hyperinflammation, respectively, manifested as part of sepsis.
Paradigm shifts, peregrinations and pixies in ophthalmology
Authors: Coroneo Minas T 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuman ingenuity is challenged by defending vision, our highest bandwidth sense. Special challenges are presented by the replacement or repair of highly specialized but scarce tissue within the constraints of transparency, tissue shape and alignment, tissue borders and pressure maintenance. Many, mostly destructive, surgical procedures were developed prior to an understanding of underlying pathophysiology. For a number of conditions, both reconstructive and destructive procedures co‐exist, yet there are few guidelines as to the better approach. Because the consequences of these procedures may take many years to surface (consistent with a stem cell role in long‐term tissue maintenance), guidance may be provided by the elucidation of underlying principles from these approaches. Illustrative examples from clinical, basic research and biotechnology, particularly relating to pterygium, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, dry‐eye syndrome, corneal rehabilitation and replacement, cataract surgery, strabismus surgery and bionic eye research, are described. An unexpected consequence of bionic device development has been an appreciation of the sophistication of tissues being replaced, given the limitations of available biomaterials. Examples of how this has provided insights into ocular disease will be illustrated. Stem cell and biomaterial technologies are starting to impact at a time when cost‐effectiveness is under scrutiny. Both efficacy and cost will need to be considered as these interventions are introduced. It appears that the paradigm shift rate is accelerating and there is evidence of this in ophthalmology. Lessons learned from the areas of destructive versus reconstructive surgery and the limitations of development of bionic replacements will be used to illustrate how new procedures and technologies can be developed.
The relevance of the lymph node ratio as predictor of prognosis is higher in HPV‐negative than in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Meyer M.F. , Meinrath J. , Seehawer J. , Lechner A. , Odenthal M. , Quaas A. , Semrau R. , Huebbers C.U. , Marnitz S. , Büttner R. , Beutner D. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesLymph node ratio (LNR) is an established predictor in different entities of carcinoma, including head and neck malignancies. In oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), lymph node involvement differs between human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative tumours. Herein, we evaluate the impact of HPV association on the concept of LNR.Methods88 surgically treated patients were included in this retrospective chart review. HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCC were evaluated for prediction of outcome by LNR separately. The endpoints were 5‐year overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsThe OS of all patients was 60.1%. In univariate analysis, LNR was a significant predictor of overall survival rate (P=.008) in OPSCC independently of the HPV status, as well as extracapsular spread (ECS). T‐classification was only a significant predictor in the univariate analysis in HPV‐positive OPSCC carcinoma. However, in the multivariate analysis LNR remained predictor of prognosis in all OPSCC and in HPV‐negative OPSCC. In patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC, only T‐classification reached significance to predict OS.ConclusionPrognosis of primarily operated HPV‐positive patients might be more dependent on the extent of primary tumour site, whereas prognosis of HPV‐negative patients is based more on cervical metastatic spread, represented by LNR.
Mapping social–ecological vulnerability to inform local decision making
Authors: Thiault Lauric , Marshall Paul , Gelcich Stefan , Collin Antoine , Chlous Frédérique , Claudet Joachim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn overarching challenge of natural resource management and biodiversity conservation is that relationships between people and nature are difficult to integrate into tools that can effectively guide decision making. Social–ecological vulnerability offers a valuable framework for identifying and understanding important social–ecological linkages, and the implications of dependencies and other feedback loops in the system. Unfortunately, its implementation at local scales has hitherto been limited due at least in part to the lack of operational tools for spatial representation of social–ecological vulnerability. We developed a method to map social–ecological vulnerability based on information on human–nature dependencies and ecosystem services at local scales. We applied our method to the small‐scale fishery of Moorea, French Polynesia, by combining spatially explicit indicators of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of both the resource (i.e., vulnerability of reef fish assemblages to fishing) and resource users (i.e., vulnerability of fishing households to the loss of fishing opportunity). Our results revealed that both social and ecological vulnerabilities varied considerably through space and highlighted areas where sources of vulnerability were high for both social and ecological subsystems (i.e., social–ecological vulnerability hotspots) and thus of high priority for management intervention. Our approach can be used to inform decisions about where biodiversity conservation strategies are likely to be more effective and how social impacts from policy decisions can be minimized. It provides a new perspective on human–nature linkages that can help guide sustainability management at local scales; delivers insights distinct from those provided by emphasis on a single vulnerability component (e.g., exposure); and demonstrates the feasibility and value of operationalizing the social–ecological vulnerability framework for policy, planning, and participatory management decisions.
Schwann cells secrete extracellular vesicles to promote and maintain the proliferation and multipotency of hDPCs
Authors: Li Ziyue , Liang Yan , Pan Kuangwu , Li Hui , Yu Mei , Guo Weihua , Chen Guoqing , Tian Weidong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesSchwann cells (SCs) are the principal glial cells in peripheral nerve system, involved in neuropathies with great regenerative potential. Dental pulp cells have been reported to maintain neurogenic potential. In contrast, the regulatory role of SCs on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) development remains undefined.Materials and methodsSC secretion and SC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were collected and used to treat hDPCs; and proliferation and multiple differentiation of hDPCs were detected after EVs treatments. Finally, we analysed the proteomes of SC‐EVs and SCs through mass spectrum.ResultsIn this study, we found SC secretion showed a predominantly regulatory role on the development of hDPCs. Further, we identified EVs from SC secretion with similar function as SC secretion in regulating hDPCs proliferation and multipotency. And expression of transcription factor Oct4 was upregulated after treatment of both SC secretion and EVs, as well as Sox2 and Nanog. We detected abundant enrichment of Oct4 in EVs, which might be responsible for the upregulation of stem cell‐related genes in hDPCs. Through proteome and western blot analysis, we found enriched TGFβs in EVs, indicating that accelerated hDPCs proliferation may be mediated by activated TGFβ‐Samd and TGFβ‐MAPK signalling.ConclusionsIn summary, our study sheds light on critical regulatory ability of SC‐derived EVs on hDPCs proliferation and multipotency, suggesting great implications for seeding cells used in tissue engineering.
Osteogenic differentiation of 3D cultured mesenchymal stem cells induced by bioactive peptides
Authors: Lukasova Vera , Buzgo Matej , Sovkova Vera , Dankova Jana , Rampichova Michala , Amler Evzen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesBioactive peptides derived from receptor binding motifs of native proteins are a potent source of bioactive molecules that can induce signalling pathways. These peptides could substitute for osteogenesis promoting supplements. The work presented here compares three kinds of bioactive peptides derived from collagen III, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) and BMP‐2 with their potential osteogenic activity on the model of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs).Materials and methodspMSCs were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds with different concentrations of the bioactive peptides without addition of any osteogenic supplement. Analysis of pMSCs cultures included measurement of the metabolic activity and proliferation, immunofluorescence staining and also qPCR.ResultsResults showed no detrimental effect of the bioactive peptides to cultured pMSCs. Based on qPCR analysis, the bioactive peptides are specific for osteogenic differentiation with no detectable expression of collagen II. Our results further indicate that peptide derived from BMP‐2 protein promoted the expression of mRNA for osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I significantly compared to control groups and also supported deposition of OCN as observed by immunostaining method.ConclusionThe data suggest that bioactive peptide with an amino acid sequence of KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYL derived from BMP‐2 protein was the most potent for triggering osteogenic differentiation of pMSCs.
Thyroid nodules classified as atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance deserve further research: Analysis of 305 surgically confirmed nodules
Authors: Turkyilmaz S. , Ulusahin M. , Celebi B. , Cekic A. B. , Mungan S. , Kucuktulu U. , Tasdelen A. , Guner A. , Cinel A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine the malignancy risk for nodules categorised as atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) and to investigate the predictors of malignancy.MethodsAll nodules diagnosed as AUS/FLUS on fine needle aspiration (FNAs) performed between January 2011 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, ultrasonographic features, follow‐up data and the final pathological results were recorded. After further exclusion, only nodules that underwent surgical excision were included in the final analysis. The malignancy rate and the range of malignancy rates were calculated. Clinical and ultrasound features were examined to determine the predictors of malignancy.ResultsDuring the study period, FNA was performed on 9938 nodules, and 1019 (10.2%) nodules were diagnosed as AUS/FLUS. After further exclusion, 976 nodules were evaluated. After the initial diagnosis of AUS/FLUS, 139 (14.2%) patients underwent surgery, 518 (53.1%) had repeated FNAs. A total of 305 (31%) had undergone surgical excision at different time points. For surgically confirmed nodules, the malignancy rate after the initial FNA was 34.5% (the lower and upper thresholds for the malignancy rate were 19.3% and 66.3%, respectively), and 37.9% after the repeated FNA. No ultrasound feature was determined as a predictor, whereas age (>55 years) was a predictor for malignancy.ConclusionsThe overall malignancy rate for nodules diagnosed as AUS/FLUS and the malignancy rate for nodules that underwent repeated FNA after AUS/FLUS were higher than the expected malignancy rates of the National Cancer Institute. It is, therefore, suggested that the current recommendations should be reconsidered.
Chronic pharmacological blockade of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger modulates the growth and development of the Purkinje cell dendritic arbor in mouse cerebellar slice cultures
Authors: Sherkhane Pradeep , Kapfhammer Josef P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional plasma membrane antiporter involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in eukaryotes. NCX has three isoforms, NCX1–3, and all of them are expressed in the cerebellum. Immunostaining on cerebellar slice cultures indicates that NCX is widely expressed in the cerebellum, including expression in Purkinje cells. The pharmacological blockade of the forward mode of NCX (Ca2+ efflux mode) by bepridil moderately inhibited growth and development of Purkinje cell dendritic arbor in cerebellar slice cultures. However, the blockade of the reverse mode (Ca2+ influx mode) by KB‐R7943 severely reduced the dendritic arbor and induced a morphological change with thickened distal dendrites. The effect of KB‐R7943 on dendritic growth was unrelated to the activity of voltage‐gated calcium channels and was also apparent in the absence of bioelectrical activity indicating that it was mediated by NCX expressed in Purkinje cells. We have used additional NCX inhibitors including CB‐DMB, ORM‐10103, SEA0400, YM‐244769, and SN‐6 which have higher specificity for NCX isoforms and target either the forward, reverse, or both modes. These inhibitors caused a strong dendritic reduction similar to that seen with KB‐R7943, but did not elicit thickening of distal dendrites. Our findings indicate that disturbance of the NCX‐dependent calcium transport in Purkinje cells induces a reduction of dendritic arbor, which is presumably caused by changes in the calcium handling, and underline the importance of the calcium equilibrium for the dendritic development in cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Lateral prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex has different roles in norm compliance in gain and loss domains: a transcranial direct current stimulation study
Authors: Yin Yunlu , Yu Hongbo , Su Zhongbin , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSanction is used by almost all known human societies to enforce fairness norm in resource distribution. Previous studies have consistently shown that the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) and the adjacent orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) play a causal role in mediating the effect of sanction threat on norm compliance. However, most of these studies were conducted in gain domain in which resources are distributed. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying norm compliance in loss domain in which individual sacrifices are needed. Here we employed a modified version of dictator game (DG) and high‐definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD‐tDCS) to investigate to what extent lPFC/lOFC is involved in norm compliance (with and without sanction threat) in both gain‐ and loss‐sharing contexts. Participants allocated a fixed total amount of monetary gain or loss between themselves and an anonymous partner in multiple rounds of the game. A computer program randomly decided whether a given round involved sanction threat for the participants. Results showed that disruption of the right lPFC/lOFC by tDCS increased the voluntary norm compliance in the gain domain, but not in the loss domain; tDCS on lPFC/lOFC had no effect on compliance under sanction threat in either the gain or loss domain. Our findings reveal a context‐dependent nature of norm compliance and differential roles of lPFC/lOFC in norm compliance in gain and loss domains.