bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack growth prediction in nuclear piping using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Rastogi R. , Ghosh S. , Ghosh A. K. , Vaze K. K. , Singh P. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present and demonstrate a methodology to improve probabilistic fatigue crack growth (FCG) predictions by using the concept of Bayesian updating using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. The methodology is demonstrated on a cracked pipe undergoing fatigue loading. Initial estimates of the FCG rate are made using the Paris law. The prior probability distributions of the Paris law parameters are taken from the tests on specimen made of the same material as that of pipe. Measured data on crack depth over number of loading cycles are used to update the prior distribution using the Markov chain Monte Carlo. The confidence interval on the predicted FCG rate is also estimated. In actual piping placed in a plant, the measured data can be considered equivalent to the data received from in‐service inspection. It is shown that the proposed methodology improves the fatigue life prediction. The number of observations used for updating is found to leave a significant effect on the accuracy of the updated prediction.
The Health and Libraries of Public Use Retrospective Study (HeLPURS)
Authors: Zager Sam , Haskins Amy , Maland Katherine , Holt Christina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPublic libraries may promote health through literacy, education and social connections.ObjectiveTo conduct the first broad‐based, quantitative exploration of health and public library patronage.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. All 2925 adult patients at a general practice clinic living in a small north‐eastern U.S. city were invited by mail to participate; 243 consented. Clinical variables from the medical records were combined with library usage variables from the public library patron database. The authors analysed how patient health characteristics were associated with library cardholding, average card use or recency of use.ResultsApproximately 72% of participants held a library card; 40% of these had used it within the last month. Library cardholding was not associated with patient characteristics. Higher average card use was associated with pregnancy, having youth at home and depression severity. Lack of recent library usage was associated with current smoking (P = 0.01) and drug use (P = 0.01). Among ever‐smokers, moderate/high card use and card use within six months were both associated with over two times the odds of quitting smoking.ConclusionsPublic libraries and health appear to intersect around substance abuse and depression–anxiety disorders. Moderate or higher use of public libraries is strongly associated with tobacco cessation.
Validity of longitudinal sections for determining the apical constriction
Authors: Schell S. , Judenhofer M. S. , Mannheim J. G. , Hülber‐J M. , Löst C. , Pichler B. J. , ElAyouti A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo validate the use of longitudinal sections against cross sections using micro‐CT for disclosing the topography and location of the apical constriction.MethodologySeventy extracted human teeth with 117 completely developed roots were micro‐CT scanned and reconstructed at a voxel size of 27 μm. The 3DSlicer program was used to navigate the longitudinal sections parallel to the long axis of the canal and also to rotate and tilt the views. Each root canal was evaluated in both mesio‐distal and bucco‐lingual planes. Constriction topographies were identified as described in the literature. In each canal, the number of different topographies detected was recorded. Further, serial cross‐sectional analysis of the apical portion of the canal was performed. Reconstructed plots of canal areas were assessed to locate the constriction and determine its form. A descriptive analysis of both longitudinal and cross section methods was conducted. In each canal, the frequency of constriction forms was calculated in the mesio‐distal or bucco‐lingual aspects and the 99% confidence interval was computed.ResultsWhen both aspects of the longitudinal sections were pooled, all root canals had two or more topographies and consequently different locations of the apical constriction. In contrast, cross‐sectional analysis constantly yielded one constriction form per canal.ConclusionCompared to cross‐sectional analysis, longitudinal sections of the root canal conveyed inconsistent results regarding the topography and the location of the apical constriction.
With the best of intentions: a large sample test of the intention‐behaviour gap in pro‐environmental consumer behaviour
Authors: Grimmer Martin , Miles Morgan P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany consumers intend to make pro‐environmental purchases; however, this is not always what occurs. A gap exists between consumer intentions to purchase environmentally friendly products and their actual purchase behaviour. The current study uses a large sample of Australian consumers (N = 772) to test Carrington, Neville and Whitwell's (2010) conceptual model of the intention‐behaviour gap. Responses showed that implementation intentions mediated the relationship between intention and pro‐environmental consumer behaviour. Behavioural control and environmental involvement were found to moderate the relationship between implementation intentions and behaviour. Shopping context was found to moderate the relationship between intention and implementation intentions. The findings have theoretical implications for furthering understanding of pro‐environmental consumer behaviour, and practical implications regarding how to generate socially beneficial behaviours.
Person‐centredness in the community care of older people: A literature‐based concept synthesis
Authors: Wilberforce Mark , Challis David , Davies Linda , Kelly Michael P. , Roberts Chris , Clarkson Paul 
Published: June 2016

‘Person‐centredness’ is a ubiquitous term, employed in modern care services to signify policies and practices that attend to the uniqueness of each individual user. Despite being highly regarded in older adult community care services, there is much ambiguity over its precise meaning. Existing reviews of person‐centredness and its attributes have tended to focus on the medico‐nursing literature, neglecting other interpretations, such as those relevant to community social care. A new literature‐based concept synthesis reported here identified 12 common attributes within the broad themes of ‘understanding the person’, ‘engagement in decision‐making’ and ‘promoting the care relationship’. The review also contrasts how these attributes are applied across different interpretations of person‐centredness. The article argues that not all attributes necessarily pull in the same direction, and that older adults may require them to be delivered in different ways than they are to younger people. Thus, a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach should be discouraged in community care.Key Practitioner Message: • ‘Person‐centredness’ is open to multiple interpretations, causing difficulties for services trying to gauge performance and quality; • Three themes are central to person‐centred services: ‘understanding the person’, ‘engagement in decision‐making’ and ‘promoting the care relationship’; • A ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach to applying person‐centredness is to be discouraged.
Schizophrenia and the estranged self
Authors: Fernández Jordi , Bliss Suzanne 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHow does schizophrenia affect a subject's sense of self? In this paper, we discuss the experience of alienation of mental states and actions that can take place in schizophrenia. We begin by highlighting this experience in delusions of thought insertion and delusions of made feelings, impulses and actions. Next, we offer a proposal about the nature of this experience by utilizing some of the current philosophical research on self‐knowledge. The proposal is that the experience of thoughts, feelings, impulses and actions as not being one's own is the experience of regarding those states as not being responsive to reasons. Then, we put forward a hypothesis about why schizophrenia can lead to this experience by drawing on the psychiatric literature on the disorder. The hypothesis is that subjects who suffer the four delusions are unable to regard some of their thoughts, feelings, impulses and actions as being responsive to reasons because they suffer from a tendency to focus their attention on their own perceptual experiences, as opposed to focusing it on the world. The lesson to draw from the alienation of mental states and actions caused by schizophrenia will be, finally, that two separate components normally make up our sense of self; two components that turn out to be dissociated in the four schizophrenic delusions discussed. These are, on the one hand, the self as the bearer, or host, of mental states and actions and, on the other hand, the self as the owner and agent, respectively, of those mental states and actions.
The Family System and Depressive Symptoms during the College Years: Triangulation, Parental Differential Treatment, and Sibling Warmth as Predictors
Authors: Ponappa Sujata , Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Holowacz Eugene , Ferriby Megan 
Published: June 2016

Guided by Bowen theory, we investigated the relationships between parent–child triangulation, parental differential treatment (PDT), sibling warmth, and individual depressive symptoms in a sample of 77 sibling dyads, aged 18–25 years, recruited through undergraduate classes at a U.S. public University. Results of the actor–partner interdependence models suggested that being triangulated into parental conflict was positively related to both siblings’ perception of PDT; however, as one sibling felt triangulated, the other perceived reduced levels of PDT. For both siblings, the perception of higher levels of PDT was related to decreased sibling warmth and higher sibling warmth was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. The implications of these findings for research and the treatment of depression in the college‐aged population are discussed.
Factors influencing alopecia and hair cortisol in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Lutz Corrine K. , Coleman Kris , Worlein Julie M. , Kroeker Rose , Menard Mark T. , Rosenberg Kendra , Meyer Jerrold S. , Novak Melinda A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia can occur in captive non‐human primates, but its etiology is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess alopecia and hair cortisol in rhesus monkeys and to identify the potential risk factors.MethodsSubjects were 117 rhesus monkeys at two National Primate Research Centers. Photographs and hair samples were obtained during routine physicals. Photographs were analyzed using Image J software to calculate hair loss, and hair samples were assayed for cortisol.ResultsAge, days singly housed, and their interactions contributed to the alopecia model for both facilities. Sex and location changes contributed to the hair cortisol model for Facility 1; sedations contributed for Facility 2. Alopecia and hair cortisol were associated at Facility 1.ConclusionsCaptive management practices can affect alopecia and hair cortisol. However, there are facility differences in the relationship between alopecia and hair cortisol and in the effect of intrinsic variables and management procedures.
Stent Coating Integrity of Durable and Biodegradable Coated Drug Eluting Stents
Authors: Yazdani Saami K. , Sheehy Alexander , Pacetti Stephen , Rittlemeyer Brandon , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundCoatings consisting of a polymer and drug are widely used in drug‐eluting stents (DES) and are essential in providing programmable drug release kinetics. Among other factors, stent coating technologies can influence blood compatibility, affect acute and sub‐acute healing, and potentially trigger a chronic inflammatory response.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the short‐term (7 and 28 days) and long‐term (90 and 180 days) coating integrity of the Xience Prime Everolimus‐Eluting Stent (EES), Resolute Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stent (ZES), Taxus Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stent (PES), and Nobori Biolimus A9‐Eluting Stent (BES) in a rabbit ilio‐femoral stent model.Methods and ResultsStented arteries (n = 48) were harvested and the tissue surrounding the implanted stents digested away with an enzymatic solution. Results demonstrated that the majority of struts of EES were without any coating defects with a few struts showing minor defects. Similarly, for the ZES, most of the struts were without coating defects at all time points except at 180 days. The majority of PES demonstrated mostly webbing and uneven coating. In the BES group, the majority of strut coating showed polymer cracking.ConclusionOverall, the EES and ZES had fewer coating defects than the PES and BES. Coating defects, however increase over time for the ZES, whereas the percent of coating irregularities remained constant for the EES. These results provide, for the first time, a comparison of the long‐term durability of these drug‐eluting stent coatings in vivo.
The moon cycle effect on the activity patterns of ocelots and their prey
Authors: Pratas‐Santiago L. P. , Gonçalves A. L. S. , da Maia Soares A. M. V. , Spironello W. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe time of the activity may be changed throughout the circadian cycle to increase the fitness of species and allow their co‐existence. The goal of this paper was to test whether the activity patterns of ocelots Leopardus pardalis are synchronized with those of their potential prey, and assess the effect of the moon cycle on this predator–prey relationship, through camera‐trapping. Activity levels of ocelots and potential prey have been assessed across circadian and moon cycles and the temporal overlap between them was calculated for each moon phase. Ocelots have shown to be nocturnal and the number of their records has been constant across the moon cycle, and their activity patterns overlapped those of their nocturnal prey significantly more than remaining species', during full moon. These findings suggest that ocelots switch the type of prey (diurnal or nocturnal) they hunt in different moon phases and display higher hunting success in full moon nights.
Seedling growth responses to phosphorus reflect adult distribution patterns of tropical trees
Authors: Zalamea Paul‐Camilo , Turner Benjamin L. , Winter Klaus , Jones F. Andrew , Sarmiento Carolina , Dalling James W. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Soils influence tropical forest composition at regional scales. In Panama, data on tree communities and underlying soils indicate that species frequently show distributional associations to soil phosphorus. To understand how these associations arise, we combined a pot experiment to measure seedling responses of 15 pioneer species to phosphorus addition with an analysis of the phylogenetic structure of phosphorus associations of the entire tree community.

Growth responses of pioneers to phosphorus addition revealed a clear tradeoff: species from high‐phosphorus sites grew fastest in the phosphorus‐addition treatment, while species from low‐phosphorus sites grew fastest in the low‐phosphorus treatment. Traits associated with growth performance remain unclear: biomass allocation, phosphatase activity and phosphorus‐use efficiency did not correlate with phosphorus associations; however, phosphatase activity was most strongly down‐regulated in response to phosphorus addition in species from high‐phosphorus sites.

Phylogenetic analysis indicated that pioneers occur more frequently in clades where phosphorus associations are overdispersed as compared with the overall tree community, suggesting that selection on phosphorus acquisition and use may be strongest for pioneer species with high phosphorus demand.

Our results show that phosphorus‐dependent growth rates provide an additional explanation for the regional distribution of tree species in Panama, and possibly elsewhere.
Mosaicism in a newEocene pufferfish highlights rapid morphological innovation near the origin of crown tetraodontiforms
Authors: Close Roger A. , Johanson Zerina , Tyler James C. , Harrington Richard C. , Friedman Matt 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTetraodontiformes (pufferfishes and kin) is a taxonomically and structurally diverse, widely‐distributed clade of acanthomorphs, whose members often serve as models for genomics and, increasingly, macroevolutionary studies. Morphologically disparatePalaeogene fossils suggest considerable early experimentation, but these flattened specimens often preserve limited information. We present a three‐dimensionally preserved beaked tetraodontiform from the earlyEocene (c. 53 Ma)LondonClayFormation,UK. Approximately coeval with the oldest crown tetraodontiforms, †Ctenoplectus williamsigen. et sp. nov. presents an unprecedented combination of characters, pairing a fused beak‐like dentition with prominent dorsal‐fin spines that insert atop transversely‐expanded pterygiophores roofing the skull.Bayesian total‐evidence tip‐dating analysis indicates that †Ctenoplectusrepresents the sister lineage ofTriodontidae and highlights considerable levels of homoplasy in early tetraodontiform evolution. According to our dataset, rates of morphological character evolution were elevated at the origin of crownTetraodontiformes, especially within gymnodonts, but declined after the principal body plans were established. Such ‘early burst’ patterns are regarded as a hallmark of adaptive radiations, but are typically associated with diversification at smaller spatiotemporal scales. However, denser sampling ofNeogene andRecent taxa is needed to confirm this pattern.
Time course of cardiac lesions due to Kawasaki disease in Japan: 22nd nationwide survey (2011–2012)
Authors: Goto Takahiro , Sano Takashi , Kojo Takao , Ae Ryusuke , Aoyama Yasuko , Makino Nobuko , Kotani Kazuhiko , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Kawasaki disease (KD) cardiac lesions can be treated with i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) and are associated with age and sex, the time course of cardiac lesions remains unclear on the large scale.MethodsWe used the data of the 22nd nationwide survey of KD in Japan (2011–2012). We divided the time course of cardiac lesions into eight groups according to the combination of timing (first visit to hospital, acute phase, and sequelae) and presence of cardiac lesions (E, existence of cardiac lesions; N, non‐existence of cardiac lesions): EEE, EEN, ENE, NEE, ENN, NEN, NNE, and NNN. For example, EEN shows that cardiac lesions existed at first visit to hospital and in the acute phase, but did not exist as sequelae. A total of 24 952 patients were analyzed.ResultsThe majority (90.6%) of patients belonged to the NNN group, followed by the EEN (3.21%) and NEN (3.33%) groups. Male sex and ages ≤5 months and ≥5 years tended to be more prevalent. Non‐response to initial IVIG therapy was the most prevalent in all groups other than NNN.ConclusionsThe time course of cardiac lesions and the relationship with sex, age, and IVIG therapy have been described. KD patients who are male, aged ≤5 months or ≥5 years, and non‐responders to initial IVIG tend to have cardiac lesions at some point in the time course of KD.
Peroxyoxalate High‐Energy Intermediate is Efficiently Decomposed by the Catalyst Imidazole
Authors: Boaro Andreia , Bartoloni Fernando Heering 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe peroxyoxalate reaction is a highly efficient chemiluminescence system, its chemiexcitation process involving the intermolecular interaction between an activator (ACT) and the high‐energy intermediate (HEI) of the reaction. Typically, the HEI is generated through the reaction of an oxalate ester with H2O2, in the presence of a basic/nucleophilic catalyst, such as imidazole (IMI‐H). IMI‐H, besides catalyzing the formation of the HEI, is also known to decompose this peroxidic intermediate. Despite that, up to now, no rate constant value has been determined for such significant interaction. Through kinetic measurements, we have observed that IMI‐H is roughly four times more efficient than 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), a classic ACT, in catalyzing the decomposition of the HEI by a bimolecular electron transfer reaction through a Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence‐like process. For instance, when IMI‐H and DPA are at the same concentration, 78% of the generated HEI is actually consumed by the nonemissive bimolecular interaction with IMI‐H. We have obtained an average singlet excited state formation quantum yield, at infinite ACT concentration, of (5.5 ± 0.5) × 10−2 E mol−1, determined at five different IMI‐H concentrations. This ultimately suggests that the yield of formation of HEI actually does not depend on the IMI‐H concentration.
Effects of selenium on biological and physiological properties of the duckweed Landoltia punctata
Authors: Zhong Y. , Cheng J. J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Duckweed can be used for bioremediation of selenium (Se) polluted water because of its capability of absorbing minerals from growing media. However, the presence of Se in the media may affect the growth of the duckweed. Landoltia punctata 7449 has been studied for its changes in chemical and biological properties with the presence of Se in the media.

The duckweed was cultivated over a 12‐day period at different initial concentrations of selenite (Na2SeO3) from 0 to 80 μmol·l−1. The growth rate, the organic and total Se contents, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the photosynthetic pigment contents, the chlorophyll a fluorescence OJIP transient, and the ultrastructure of the duckweed were monitored during the experiment.

The results have shown that Se at low concentrations of ≤20 μmol·l−1 promoted the growth of the L. punctata and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Substantial increases in duckweed growth rate and organic Se content in the duckweed were observed at low Se concentrations. The anti‐oxidative effect occurred likely with the increases in guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities as well as the amount of photosynthetic pigments. However, negative impact to the duckweed was observed when the L. punctata was exposed to high Se concentrations (≥40 μmol·l−1), in which the duckweed growth was inhibited by the selenium.

The results indicate that L. punctata 7449 can be used for bioremediation of selenium (Se) polluted water when the Se concentration is ≤20 μmol·l−1.
Contrastive focus in Ghanaian English discourse
Authors: LOMOTEY CHARLOTTE FOFO 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTResearch on Englishes outside the Inner Circle points to the fact that it is not always that speakers select prominence to communicate their intended meaning. This study examined the selection of prominence in marking contrastive focus in Ghanaian English and how this might affect information packaging. Data obtained from 200 university students representing the major languages of Ghana were analyzed both auditorily and acoustically. Results suggest that similar to other Outer Circle varieties of English, Ghanaians do not always assign prominence to the ‘target’ word and this also affects how they mark contrastive focus.