bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of diagnostic value of AgNOR and PAP in early detection of dysplastic changes in leukoplakia and lichen planus – a preliminary case–control study
Authors: Rao Dhanya S. , Ali I. M. , Annigeri Rajeshwari G. 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectivesEarly detection of oral cancer has been the most effective approach to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. If a lesion is clinically considered suspicious, an easily practicable, non‐invasive, painless, safe, and accurate screening method for detection of the dysplastic changes is necessary. In an attempt to procure this, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic accuracy of rapid Papanicolaou stain (PAP) and silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in brush biopsies of potentially malignant lesions for early detection of oral cancer.MethodologyBrush biopsies taken from 25 cases of leukoplakia and lichen planus each were stained with rapid PAP and silver nitrate stains. Histopathological correlation was performed and further compared with rapid PAP and AgNOR for its diagnostic validity.ResultsStatistically significant increase in the mean AgNOR count was seen from normal epithelium to lichen planus to that of leukoplakia. When compared with rapid PAP, a linear correlation was seen in AgNOR counts and stages of dysplasia in leukoplakia which was also found to be statistically significant. Diagnostic accuracy for AgNOR in leukoplakia was found to be 84%, lichen planus 73%, whereas RAPID PAP showed 72% accuracy.ConclusionAgNOR analysis may be useful as a quantitative marker of incipient cellular alterations and hence would be helpful in assessing suspicious lesions and thus can be regarded as a valuable adjunct.
Accuracy of Judging Affect and Accuracy of Judging Personality: How and When Are They Related?
Authors: Hall Judith A. , Gunnery Sarah D. , Letzring Tera D. , Carney Dana R. , Colvin C. Randall 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe present research is concerned with the relation between accuracy in judging targets' affective states and accuracy in judging the same targets' personality traits. In two studies, we test the link between these two types of accuracy with the prediction that accuracy of judging traits and of judging states will be associated when fundamental affective qualities are shared.MethodIn Study 1, affective states and personality traits of 29 targets were rated by 124 judges whose individual accuracy was scored as the correlation between their ratings and target criterion scores (across targets). In Study 2, a comparable analysis was done using 30 different targets and 330 different judges.ResultsAccuracy in judging distressed affect was significantly positively correlated with accuracy in judging Neuroticism in both studies, as well as in a meta‐analysis across the two studies. Accuracy in judging positive affect was significantly positively correlated with accuracy in judging Extraversion in one of the two studies, with the meta‐analysis across the two studies being significant.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence for a new model (State and Trait Accuracy Model) that outlines when concordance in accuracy across traits and states should be expected.
Korean Consumer Evaluation of Various Foods Using Four Different Texture Lexicons
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Lee Jeehyun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTexture is an important food quality contributing consumers' acceptance of foods. Texture terminologies have been developed in various languages. While comparative studies using different languages are becoming a trend, there is not a fully developed Korean texture lexicon existing. There was a study in 1980s which developed Korean texture terms using cooked rice, noodles and Kimchi. Since then, there was no further study using this texture terms list nor developing new texture terms in Korea. The aims of this study were to evaluate texture lexicons originated from four different languages (Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean), and to determine the necessity of developing a new Korean texture lexicon using various texture bearing foods. One hundred consumers performed choose‐all‐that‐apply evaluation for each texture lexicon (a total of 400 consumers) using 12 food samples with a wide range of texture properties. The most frequently used texture terms were from English lexicon while texture terms originated from Japanese were chosen the least.Practical ApplicationsTexture being a sensory attribute perceived only by human, it would be beneficial to develop and use a unified terminology to effectively measure texture properties and to compare it with others. Current research used four texture lexicons and evaluated 12 food samples which enabled comparison among 4 lexicons. Because Korean texture terms were developed using a limited food samples, types of texture terms were limited and this study revealed the need to fully develop Korean texture terms. Our work provides basis for further refinement of Korean texture lexicon to be developed.
Adjustment of Food Textural Properties for Elderly Patients
Authors: Cichero J.A.Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOver the next twenty years the number of people over 60 years will exceed one billion. Changes associated with ageing have an impact on food texture choices for healthy elders and those used therapeutically for people with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). The ideal “swallow‐safe” bolus is moist, cohesive and slippery. A general reduction in muscle strength is seen throughout the ageing oropharyngeal musculature, resulting in a reduced ability to safely and efficiently manage hard or fibrous textured foods. Reduced masticatory ability combined with dental loss further compounds the issue. Dry mouth is commonly associated with old age, making it difficult to propel dry or sticky textures through the pharynx, and increases the likelihood of pharyngeal residue. An age related reduction in laryngopharyngeal sensitivity dampens the ability to detect residue, increasing choking risk. Reduced tongue pressure, increases in pharyngeal transit time, valleculae residue, number of clearing swallows and slower and less efficient oesophageal transit occur with aged swallowing. Food textures that are sticky and adhesive will require increased lingual effort to propel them into and through the pharynx. Taken in combination these factors mean that food textures prescribed to the elderly need to be soft and moist and for fibers to be easily broken. To improve moisture content, additional nutrient dense products (e.g., milk, cream or butter) may be required to artificially moisten the bolus. Careful, individualized attention to diet recommendations will result in a diet that is appealing and also provide a variety of textures that are swallow‐safe and nutrient dense.Practical ApplicationAged related changes in the oral cavity and the oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal phases of swallowing require special thought to the suitability of food textures for the elderly. Foods that are fibrous, hard or dry may be unsuitable due to difficulties with safe particle size reduction and bolus formation for swallowing. Foods that are sticky and adhesive are also problematic and increase risk for both choking and residue. Food texture properties that are ideally suited for the elderly include those that are soft, moist, and easily reduced with minimal chewing effort. Hard food textures that break down and dissolve easily with minimal chewing should be investigated. Increased aroma and flavor may improve appeal lost through reduced variety in food textures. Diet reviews need to consider both textures that can be safely managed and the nutrient density of those textures.
Kinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Disc‐Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Provencher M. , Habing A. , Moore S.A. , Cook L. , Phillips G. , da Costa R.C. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe dynamic component of disc‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA‐CSM) currently is evaluated using traction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which does not assess changes in flexion and extension of the cervical vertebral column. In humans with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, kinematicMRIis used to identify dynamic compressions.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and utility ofkMRIin Doberman Pinschers withDA‐CSMusing a novel positioning device. We hypothesized thatkMRIwould identify compressive lesions not observed with neutral positioning and change the dimensions of the spinal cord and cervical vertebral canal.AnimalsNine client‐owned Doberman Pinschers withDA‐CSM.MethodsProspective study. After standardMRimaging of the cervical spine confirmedDA‐CSM, dogs were placed on a positioning device to allow imaging in flexion and extension. Morphologic and morphometric assessments were compared between neutral, flexion, and extension images.ResultsFlexion was associated with improvement or resolution of spinal cord compression in 4/9 patients, whereas extension caused worsening of compressions in 6/9 patients. Extension identified 6 new compressive lesions and was significantly associated with dorsal and ventral compression at C5‐C6 (P= .021) and C6‐C7 (P= .031). A significant decrease in spinal cord height occurred at C6‐C7 from neutral to extension (P= .003) and in vertebral canal height at C5‐C6 and C6‐C7 from neutral to extension (P= .011 and .017, respectively).Conclusions and clinical importanceOur results suggest thatkMRIis feasible and provides additional information beyond what is observed with neutral imaging, primarily when using extension views, in dogs withDA‐CSM.
The importance of priority effects for riparian plant community dynamics
Authors: Sarneel Judith M. , Kardol Paul , Nilsson Christer 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuestionsThe order of plant species arrival can affect recruitment and subsequent plant community development via priority effects, but is often overlooked. Priority effects occur when early‐colonizing plant species affect the establishment of later‐arriving species, and are hypothesized to depend on species identity and habitat conditions. In riparian ecosystems on the banks of rivers, a strong moisture gradient induces a zonation of plant species with different degrees of adaptation to soil moisture. Further, riparian zones receive seeds during floods and later in the season via wind dispersal. As such, we questioned if recruitment in riparian zones is primarily affected by (1) environmental conditions (i.e. soil moisture), (2) arrival order, and (3) species identity, or an interaction between these factors.LocationRiparian zones of tributaries in the Vindel River catchment, northern Sweden.MethodWe designed a controlled greenhouse experiment and a large‐scale field experiment where we sowed five plant species representing different dispersal events and habitat moisture preferences. We sowed seeds in three arrival order treatments (all species simultaneously, species group A phased 3 wk before group B, and vice versa) and under different soil moisture treatments in the greenhouse (dry, dry‐after‐wet and wet) and under a range of moisture conditions in the field.ResultsWe found strong priority effects as early‐arriving species grew bigger and often produced higher seedling densities compared to later‐arriving species, both in the greenhouse and after two growing seasons in the field. Priority effects in the greenhouse were strongest in the dry and dry‐after‐wet treatments and weaker under wet conditions. Consistent but weaker patterns were observed in the field after the first growing season. The relative abundance of species in plant communities assembled without phased arrival interacted with soil moisture and species identity. Priority effects were strongest for species with a low relative abundance (i.e. less competitive species).ConclusionsOur findings that priority effects influenced recruitment and interacted with soil moisture suggest that priority effects should be considered when addressing riparian vegetation changes after shifts in flooding regimes. This is especially important because floods will not only affect habitat conditions, but also the phasing of seed arrival.
Holocene mammal extinctions in the Carpathian Basin: a review
Authors: Németh Attila , Bárány Annamária , Csorba Gábor , Magyari Enikö , Pazonyi Piroska , Pálfy József 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Mammals are a key target group for conservation biology. Insights into the patterns and timing of and driving forces behind their past extinctions help us to understand their present, and to predict and mitigate their future biodiversity loss. Much research has been focused on the intensely debated megafaunal extinctions at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, whereas the Holocene mammal extinctions have remained less studied.

Here, we consider the Holocene extinctions of mammal taxa in the Carpathian Basin, a distinctive and biogeographically well‐constrained predominantly lowland region in Central Europe. For the first time, we combine data from palaeontological, archaeozoological, and historical sources for a comprehensive analysis.

A total of 11 mammal species, including steppe‐dwelling rodents, large carnivores and herbivores, disappeared from the Carpathian Basin during the Holocene. The extinctions are interpreted in the framework of changing habitats and ecosystems, as grasslands and open forests vanished at the westernmost limits of the Eurasian steppe.

The temporal distribution of extinctions is non‐random; most taxon range terminations are concentrated around two discrete events. Members of the steppe community disappeared between 5000 and 4000 BP, around the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition. Large herbivores that found refugia in the forests vanished later, between the 16th and 18th centuries AD. The steppe, forest‐steppe ecosystems of the Carpathian Basin suffered a considerable loss in their mammalian fauna, which has significant implications for conservation efforts for the existing similar dry, open habitats in western Eurasia.

Further research and better age constraints are needed to establish the causes of extinctions more firmly, but the lack of synchronous and severe climate and vegetation changes and the coincidence with transformations in human history suggest the prime role of anthropogenic disturbance. We conclude that there were two waves of Holocene mammal extinctions of megafaunal character in the Carpathian Basin.
Genomic data reveal ancient microendemism in forest scorpions across the California Floristic Province
Authors: Bryson Robert W. , Savary Warren E. , Zellmer Amanda J. , Bury R. Bruce , McCormack John E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe California Floristic Province (CFP) in western North America is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. Elucidating patterns of endemism and the historical drivers of this diversity has been an important challenge of comparative phylogeography for over two decades. We generated phylogenomic data using ddRADseq to examine genetic structure in Uroctonus forest scorpions, an ecologically restricted and dispersal‐limited organism widely distributed across the CFP north to the Columbia River. We coupled our genetic data with species distribution models (SDMs) to determine climatically suitable areas for Uroctonus both now and during the Last Glacial Maximum. Based on our analyses, Uroctonus is composed of two major genetic groups that likely diverged over 2 million years ago. Each of these groups itself contains numerous genetic groups that reveal a pattern of vicariance and microendemism across the CFP. Migration rates among these populations are low. SDMs suggest forest scorpion habitat has remained relatively stable over the last 21 000 years, consistent with the genetic data. Our results suggest tectonic plate rafting, mountain uplift, river drainage formation and climate‐induced habitat fragmentation have all likely played a role in the diversification of Uroctonus. The intricate pattern of genetic fragmentation revealed across a temporal continuum highlights the potential of low‐dispersing species to shed light on small‐scale patterns of biodiversity and the underlying processes that have generated this diversity in biodiversity hotspots.
YAP1 homologue‐mediated redox sensing is crucial for a successful infection by Monilinia fructicola
Authors: Yu Pei‐Ling , Wang Chih‐Li , Chen Pei‐Yin , Lee Miin‐Huey 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMonilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey is a devastating pathogen on Rosaceae which causes blossom blight and fruit rot. Only a few studies related to the plant–pathogen interaction have been published and there is limited knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and successful infection in M. fructicola. In this study, we cloned and characterized a redox‐responsive transcription factor MFAP1, a YAP1 homologue. MfAP1‐silenced strains were generated by polyethylene glycol‐mediated protoplast transformation or Agrobacterium T‐DNA‐mediated transformation. Pathogenicity assay demonstrated that MfAP1‐silenced strains caused smaller lesions on rose and peach petals. Transformants carrying extra copies of MfAP1, driven by the native promoter, were generated for MfAP1 overexpression. Interestingly, MfAP1‐overexpressing strains also caused smaller lesions on rose petals. Strains carrying two copies of MfAP1 accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) at higher levels and exhibited delayed accumulation of MfAP1 transcripts compared with the wild‐type during pathogenesis. By the analysis of ROS production and the expression patterns of redox‐ and virulence‐related genes in the wild‐type strain and an MfAP1‐overexpressing strain, we found that the M. fructicola wild‐type strain responded to oxidative stress at the infection site, activated the expression of MfAP1 and up‐regulated the genes required for ROS detoxification and fungal virulence. In contrast, MfAP1 expression in the MfAP1‐overexpressing strain was suppressed after the induction of a strong oxidative burst at the infection site, altering the expression of ROS detoxification and virulence‐related genes. Our results highlight the importance of MfAP1 and ROS accumulation in the successful infection of M. fructicola.
Paraesthesia of the lower lip as the presenting symptom of an acoustic neuroma: a case report
Authors: Mann L. , Moore R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis case report describes a patient referred to secondary care from their General Dental Practitioner, who presented with paraesthesia to the left side of the lower lip. He was subsequently found to have an acoustic neuroma. The case aims to reinforce the seriousness of what could be seen as trivial findings to a patient, and the urgency of referral for further investigation.
Extreme cognitions are associated with diminished ability to use disconfirming evidence
Authors: Haigh Matthew , Dodd Alyson L. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesAn Integrative Cognitive Model of mood swings and bipolar disorder proposes that cognitive styles characterized by extreme self‐referent appraisals of internal states (e.g., ‘If I have a bad night's sleep it means that I am about to have a breakdown’) interfere with mood regulation. The aim of this study is to determine whether strong endorsement of such appraisals is predicted by a diminished ability to access disconfirming counterexamples.DesignWe examined whether the ability to access two different categories of counterexample (known as Disabling Conditions and Alternative Causes) would predict endorsement of extreme appraisals (measured by the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory; HAPPI) and mania risk (measured by the Hypomanic Personality Scale; HPS).MethodA non‐clinical sample of 150 students completed the HAPPI, the HPS and a conditional reasoning task that indexed the ability to access Disabling Conditions and Alternative Causes. Current mood was controlled for using the Internal States Scale.ResultsThe ability to make use of disabling counterexamples during the reasoning task was inversely related with scores on the HAPPI (r = −.19, p < .05); participants that were less able to make use of disabling counterexamples endorsed extreme self‐referent appraisals to a greater extent. There was no association between the use of alternative cause counterexamples and the HAPPI, and no association between either measure of counterexample generation and the HPS.ConclusionsA diminished ability to use disconfirming evidence when reasoning about the world may reinforce problematic cognitive styles such as extreme, personalized appraisals of experience, which can interfere with mood regulation.Practitioner points

Problematic cognitive styles such as extreme, personalized appraisals of experience may be reinforced by the inability to produce or access evidence that disconfirms these maladaptive beliefs.

This reasoning bias may be associated with cognitive styles underlying psychopathology.

There may be clinical utility in exploring the use of disabler generation in psychological interventions, to help disconfirm maladaptive beliefs.
Early changes in apoplast composition associated with defence and disease in interactions between Phaseolus vulgaris and the halo blight pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Pv. phaseolicola
Authors: O'Leary Brendan M. , Neale Helen C. , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin , Jackson Robert W. , Arnold Dawn L. , Preston Gail M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe apoplast is the arena in which endophytic pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae grow and interact with plant cells. Using metabolomic and ion analysis techniques, this study shows how the composition of Phaseolus vulgaris leaf apoplastic fluid changes during the first six hours of compatible and incompatible interactions with two strains of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph) that differ in the presence of the genomic island PPHGI‐1. Leaf inoculation with the avirulent island‐carrying strain Pph 1302A elicited effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) and resulted in specific changes in apoplast composition, including increases in conductivity, pH, citrate, γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) and K+, that are linked to the onset of plant defence responses. Other apoplastic changes, including increases in Ca2+, Fe2/3+ Mg2+, sucrose, β‐cyanoalanine and several amino acids, occurred to a relatively similar extent in interactions with both Pph 1302A and the virulent, island‐less strain Pph RJ3. Metabolic footprinting experiments established that Pph preferentially metabolizes malate, glucose and glutamate, but excludes certain other abundant apoplastic metabolites, including citrate and GABA, until preferred metabolites are depleted. These results demonstrate that Pph is well‐adapted to the leaf apoplast metabolic environment and that loss of PPHGI‐1 enables Pph to avoid changes in apoplast composition linked to plant defences.
Local Officials’ Support for PILOTs/SILOTs: Nonprofit Engagement, Economic Stress, and Politics
Authors: McGiverin‐Bohan Kellie , Grønbjerg Kirsten , Dula Lauren , Miller Rachel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Nonprofit property tax exemption has become a major policy issue as the collapse of the housing market, the Great Recession, and property tax caps have threatened local tax collections. Consequently, many local governments have sought to obtain payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTs) from charities that are formally exempt from property taxes. Using a 2010 survey of local government officials in Indiana, this article examines whether support for PILOT policies is related to officials’ personal involvement with nonprofits, their views on government–nonprofit relationships, the type of position they hold, the level of economic distress in the county, local political conditions, and local nonprofit wealth. The findings support most of these hypotheses but also show that attitudes toward PILOTs appear to be shaped by somewhat different concerns than attitudes toward services in lieu of taxes (SILOTs).