bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of attitudes of nursing department senior students towards caring nurse-patient interaction<p>Hemşirelik bölümü son sınıf öğrencilerinin bakım odaklı hemşire-hasta etkileşimine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Dilek , Gökdere Çinar Hava 
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes of senior students in the nursing department towards caring nursing-patient interaction.Method: The research is planned descriptively and cross-sectional. The research sample consisted of 57 students who were educated in the last year of the nursing department in the academic year of 2016-2017. In the collection of research data; "Student Presentation Form" and “Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction (CNPI) Scale”.Results: The significance, sufficiency and applicability dimension of CNIPS were 326.56±24.17, 287.43±44.05, 276.89±43.96, respectively. Morever, it was found that the highest average scores of the subscales were in "needs" and the lowest scores were in the "sensitivity" subscale. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the average ages of the students, their gender, reasons for choosing the profession, difficulties in relation to the patient and social relations, and the significance, sufficiency and applicability dimensions of the scale (p>0.05).Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that the attitudes and behaviors of the students participating in the study were significant, sufficient and practicable for all sub-dimensions of care-focused nurse-patient interaction.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelik bölümü son sınıf öğrencilerinin bakım odaklı hemşire-hasta etkileşimine yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2016-2017 akademik yılında hemşirelik bölümü son sınıfta öğrenim gören 57 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanılmasında; araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu” ve “Bakım Odaklı Hemşire-Hasta Etkileşimi Ölçeği (BOHHEÖ) ” kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: BOHHEÖ’nin önemlilik, yeterlilik ve uygulanabilirlik boyutu toplam puan ortalamaları ise sırasıyla 326.56±24.17, 287.43±44.05, 276.89±43.96 olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca, alt ölçeklerden en yüksek puan ortalamalarının “gereksinimler” ve en düşük puan ortalamalarının ise “duyarlılık” alt boyutunda olduğu saptandı. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalamaları, cinsiyet, mesleği seçme nedenleri, hasta ile ilişkilerde ve sosyal ilişkilerde güçlük yaşama durumları ile ölçeğin önemlilik, yeterlilik ve uygulanabilirlik boyutları toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulundu (p>0.05).Sonuç: Öğrencilerin bakım odaklı hemşire-hasta etkileşiminin tüm alt boyutlarının önemli, yeterli ve uygulanabilir olduğuna ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarının olumlu yönde olduğu görülmüştür.
Stabilizing Very High Moisture Content Fine Grained Soils with Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements
Authors: Howard Isaac L. , Bilberry Amanda C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on rapidly stabilizing very high moisture soils via calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements. Producing a short-term construction material and/or handling contaminated sediments are the two primary anticipated applications. Literature review showed CSA cements have promise for an application of this nature, but that this subject has largely been unexplored. Behaviors of CSA cements were compared with ordinary portland cements (OPCs) where multiple soil types at a range of cement dosages and moisture contents were tested. There were distinct conditions where OPC outperformed CSA and vice versa. With the exception of very rare and isolated instances, there appears to be no advantage to using CSA cement below 10 % dosage. Moisture contents of 133 % or higher and high cement dosages (e.g., 15 to 20 %) in conjunction with a relatively low organic soil with a moderate liquid limit (e.g., 45 to 65) appears to be a good application for CSA cements.
Hole Surface Formation Mechanism of Al2O3 Ceramic Based on Sintering Diamond Bits
Authors: Gao Chao , Wang Sheng , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper studied surface formation mechanism of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic holes using sintering diamond bits. First, critical cutting loads and average cutting loads of single abrasive particles were calculated through theoretical analysis; secondly, scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination was carried out to further study the hole surface removal mechanism. The results show the following: (1) theoretical analysis shows that the minimum value of an average load of single abrasive particles is much bigger than the critical cutting load of engendering transverse crackle and that Al2O3 ceramic is removed mainly by the form of brittle fracture; (2) SEM analysis reveals that the machined surface is formed by concave pits (caused by brittle fracture) and groove scratches (caused by plastic deformation), and characters of brittle fracture are dominant; (3) brittle fracture mainly includes cleavage fracture, transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, spalling removal, etc.; (4) the grinding surface also has a damage zone with different characteristics, such as stomatal zones, loose zones, remnant crackles, etc.
Writing at the Speed of Sound: Music Stenography and Recording beyond the Phonograph
Authors: Pierce J. Mackenzie 
Published: October 2017

Music shorthand systems devised by Michel Woldemar, Hippolyte Prévost, and August Baumgartner adapted the quill strokes of speech stenography to the seemingly analogous domain of music. Eschewing conventional staff notation in favor of cursive lines that indicated pitch, register, interval, and duration, music stenographers endeavored to record in real time instrumental improvisations and fleeting inspirations that would otherwise have been lost forever due to a lack of recording technology. To advocates of such methods, more efficient technologies of musical writing were indispensable for capturing fugitive musical thoughts and acts: music stenography aided Hector Berlioz, for example, in the composition of his Requiem. For others, including Rossini, Fétis, and contributors to the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, the claims and merits of stenography were a source of controversy as well as fascination.
Grounded in a corpus of seventy music stenographies that have been largely ignored by musicologists and historians of technology alike, this article asks how musical intuitions became musical texts, thereby entering print-based networks of circulation. Although the importance of “genius” and “work” as historical concepts regulating the production, ontology, and reception of nineteenth-century music has long been acknowledged, the material basis of these concepts has been overlooked until recently. The efforts of musical stenographers demonstrate that the inscription and circulation of material texts provided the means by which musical inspiration could be registered and stored, constituting a material substrate on which such idealist concepts depended. Whereas historians of sound recording have focused on seismic historical and cultural shifts wrought by the introduction of the phonograph in 1877, the preoccupation with capturing music in the decades preceding and following this date suggests an alternate conception of text-based sound recording.
Flowers over the Abyss: A Musical Uncanny in Nineteenth-Century Criticism
Authors: Lalonde Amanda 
Published: October 2017

The term unheimlich (uncanny) comes into usage in German music criticism in the nineteenth century and is often used to describe instrumental music, particularly sections of works featuring the ombra topic. While the idea that instrumental music can be uncanny regardless of text or program is not novel, this work differs from most existing scholarship on the musical uncanny in that it presents a possible precursor to the twentieth-century psychoanalytic uncanny. Instead, it examines Schelling's definition of the uncanny in the larger context of his ideas in order to form a basis for theorizing a version of this aesthetic category that is active in the nineteenth-century critical discourse about music.
In the early nineteenth century, music becomes uncanny because it discloses what should remain hidden from finite revelation. Critics understand passages of instrumental ombra music as uncanny moments when music calls attention to itself as the sensuous manifestation of the Absolute. They remark on these passages’ effacing of boundaries and sense of becoming, residues of eighteenth-century uses of the topic in operatic supernatural scenes and as part of a chaos-to-order narrative in symphonic music. The article concludes with the reception of the opening of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and the finale of Schubert's Octet, D. 803, using critics’ comments as a basis for extrapolating, through new analyses, as to the features that might make the particular works remarkable as examples of music's uncanny power made manifest.
Social Intuition and Social Information in Physical Child Abuse Evaluation and Diagnosis
Authors: Keenan Heather T. , Cook Lawrence J. , Olson Lenora M. , Bardsley Tyler , Campbell Kristine A. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Poor and minority children with injuries concerning for abuse are evaluated and diagnosed for abuse differentially. We hypothesized that 2 steps in the decision-making process would influence evaluation and diagnosis: social intuition from meeting the family and objective social information associated with child abuse risk.

METHODS:
Between 2009 and 2013, 32 child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) submitted 730 child abuse consultations including original medical evaluations and diagnoses. CAPs evaluated and diagnosed each other’s cases. Comparisons of evaluations and diagnoses were made by levels of social understanding available to the CAP: meeting the family (social intuition and information), reading the case (social information), and reading the case without social information. Evaluations were compared with a consensus gold standard by using logistic regression modeling adjusting for child and CAP characteristics. Diagnostic categories were compared by level of social understanding and diagnostic certainty by using contingency tables.

RESULTS:
CAPs without access to social intuition were approximately twice as likely to perform gold standard evaluations for neurotrauma and long bone fracture compared with CAPs who met families. Diagnostic agreement fell from 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.1%–76.5%) when social information was present to 66.5% (95% CI: 63.1%–70.0%) when social information was restricted. In cases with less certainty, agreement dropped to 51.3% (95% CI: 46.0%–56.7%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Social intuition and information play a role in the physical child abuse decision-making process, which may contribute to differential diagnosis. Simple interventions including decision tools, check lists, and peer review may structure evaluations to ensure children’s equal treatment.
Law and Legal Science in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Ződi Zsolt 
Published: October 2017

The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the connection of law and legal science, on the one hand, and the Big Data phenomenon, on the other. The connection of Big Data and law can be thematised in several ways. This article makes a distinction whereby there are two levels of interplay between Big Data and the law (and legal science). Big Data on the one hand can be the subject of legal regulation and legal science, but it also can be a tool for better, ‘predictive’ law making and lawyering. This latter is also true for legal science: Big Data opens a whole range of possibilities as a new tool. Thus, this article discusses three fields and questions in three sections: 1. Big Data as the subject of legal regulation. What kind of moral questions does Big Data, and the predictive potential it has, raise? How does law recently frame, define and regulate the Big Data phenomenon? How does Big Data affect existing legal framework rules regarding privacy, data protection, competition, business regulatory, etc.? What will the new rules, regulating Big Data look like? 2. Big Data as a tool in the regulator’s and the lawyer’s hand. How can we exploit the new possibilities provided by Big Data in law making, policy creation and the application of law? How can we design new ways of ‘Big Data-based social engineering’? How can we create predictive tools and inferencing techniques based on Big Data in policing, law enforcement and litigation? Finally in part 3. I discuss the impact of Big Data on legal science. How can Big Data, as a research tool help legal science? How do we use legal data-sets and textual corpuses as BD? How will these ‘super-empirical’ research methods affect legal scholarship? What is the relationship between traditional doctrinal scholarship and the new types of BD-based research? How can we use statistical analysis, natural language processing, content analysis, machine learning, behavioural prediction, etc. in legal science?
Obstacles in conducting clinical trials in the Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Suwaidan Salem D. , Alsuwaidan Aseel S. 
Published: October 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Conducting clinical research in accordance with the standards of regulatory authorities and within the guidelines of the good clinical practice (GCP) is a matter of concern. It has been noticed that some increment in the conduction of clinical trials outside USA and European countries in the last two decades. The main objective of this study is to identify the magnitude of some obstacles that affect the conduction of clinical trials in accordance with the GCP.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Developing questionnaire in accordance with the criteria of the GCP would make assessment on how to buildup infrastructure including policy and procedures of the research institution. Recommendation of the study is to perform this questionnaire every other year to assess the progress and development of the research institution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> To identify good clinical researchers, what sort of obstacle(s) regarding conducting clinical trials, and from these obstacles how to resolve it and build up infrastructure for the research institution and also to establish the strategic plan for the research institution.</p>
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food hygiene among mobile food vendors in a Nigerian rural settlement
Authors: Aluh Francis Owoicho , Aluh Deborah Oyine 
Published: October 2017

Background: An estimated 2.5 billion people patronize mobile food vendors worldwide. Most vendors however have little or no formal education, which makes them unable to appreciate the most critical food handling practices. Consumers have thus borne the consequences when food is unsafe. This study aims to determine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Food hygiene amongst mobile food vendors in a rural settlementMethods:It was a cross-sectional descriptive survey among the study population which comprised of mobile food vendors in Orlu Local Government Area in Imo state, Nigeria. Semi-Structured questionnaires written in English were administered to mobile food vendors who could read. For low literates, the interview was conducted in their local dialect by a trained research assistantResults: Respondents were mainly females (94.1%, n = 192) and between the age of 31 and 40 years (40.2%, n = 82). More than half of the respondents had secondary school education (59.8%,n = 122).The mean percentage knowledge was 78%. Less than half (43.5%, n = 89) of the respondents had an appropriate attitude towards Food hygiene. There was a strong evidence of association (χ2 = 15.582; p = 0.0001) between Knowledge of food hygiene and attitudes towards food hygiene.Conclusions: Knowledge levels of food safety practices amongst street food vendors in this rural setting was high however, this high knowledge was generally not translated into practice.
Awareness of HIV/AIDS among the pregnant women and their husbands attending ANC clinic in a tertiary care centre in Chennai
Authors: Edward Shanthi 
Published: October 2017

Background: In India the total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) was estimated to be 2.1 million in 2015 and number of new cases estimated at 86,000. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in India is high and the awareness on HIV/AIDs is low among women in India .Awareness of HIV is important in antenatal mothers as they are vulnerable and encouraging early HIV testing will augment the PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission) services. Hence it is prime importance to create awareness among pregnant women to protect them from HIV infection. This study was conducted to find out the awareness level among pregnant women and their husbands as husbands play an important role in prevention of HIV in their spouses.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at ANC clinic in Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai. All antenatal women who visited the ANC clinic for the first time along with their husbands were selected as the subjects. Sample size was 200 (100 couples). After obtaining Informed Consent from the subjects, a semi structured questionnaire was administered. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 21.Results: One hundred couples were included in the study. Seventy five percent of subjects did not accept that they are at risk and majority of them were husbands (79%) when compared to wives (71%). Above 75% of wives knew mother to child transmission whereas only 65% of husbands knew it. Willingness to undergo HIV test was more among wives (83%) than husbands (75%).Conclusions: A large effort to be taken to impart the information about the HIV/AIDS to husbands to change their attitude. At least one ANC visit by pregnant women should be made mandatory to have their husbands with them to sensitise them on HIV/AIDS.
A Gestão Orçamentária e Financeira de uma Escola Pública
Authors: Cruz Valmira Maria de Amariz Coelho de , Bachtold Ciro , Silva Frederico Fonseca da 
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho discorre em linhas gerais sobre a gestão orçamentária e financeira de uma escola pública, fazendo uma síntese da parte administrativa e financeira da gestão dessa instituição de ensino e tomando a mesma como referência para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo. Nessa linha de desenvolvimento, faz um paralelo com o orçamento público; a Lei Orçamentária; a Receita pública, citando conceitos e classificações; as Despesas públicas, conceituando e citando algumas classificações; e com a Legislação aplicada à Gestão Orçamentária e Financeira, com base na LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação), citando algumas leis e artigos pertinentes ao tema. Enfoca, também, as dificuldades encontradas pela gestão, para administrar os parcos recursos enviado às escolas, discorrendo sobre a situação. Palavras-chave: Gestão financeira. Gestão orçamentária. Orçamento público.
Climate Change, Public Health, and Policy: A California Case Study
Authors: Ganesh Chandrakala , Smith Jason A. 
Published: October 2017

Anthropogenic activity will bring immediate changes and disruptions to the global climate with accompanying health implications. Although policymakers and public health advocates are beginning to acknowledge the health implications of climate change, current policy approaches are lagging behind.We proposed that 4 key policy principles are critical to successful policymaking in this arena: mainstreaming, linking mitigation and adaptation policy, applying population perspectives, and coordination. We explored California’s progress in addressing the public health challenges of climate change in the San Joaquin Valley as an example.We discussed issues of mental health and climate change, and used the San Joaquin Valley of California as an example to explore policy approaches to health issues and climate change. The California experience is instructive for other jurisdictions.
Climate, Birth Weight, and Agricultural Livelihoods in Kenya and Mali
Authors: Bakhtsiyarava Maryia , Grace Kathryn , Nawrotzki Raphael J. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To examine an association between climate variability and birth weight in Mali and Kenya in relation to the local agricultural specialization. Methods. We combined health and sociodemographic data from the Demographic Health Surveys for Kenya (2008 and 2014) and Mali (2006 and 2012) with detailed data on precipitation, temperature, and vegetation. We analyzed the association between climate variability and birth weight by using multilevel regression models for the most common agricultural specializations: food cropping, cash cropping, and pastoralism. Results. There are differences in sensitivity to climate among different agricultural communities. An additional 100 millimeters of rainfall during the 12-month period before birth was associated with a 47-gram (P = .001) and 89-gram (P = .10) increase in birth weight for food croppers in Kenya and Mali, respectively. Every additional hot month in food-cropping communities in Kenya was associated with a 71-gram decrease in birth weight (P = .030), likely because of food croppers’ limited use of modern agricultural techniques. Overall, cash croppers are least sensitive to climate variability in both countries. Conclusions. Effective climate change adaptation strategies are essential for protecting and improving health outcomes and should be tailored to local households’ livelihood strategies.
Artificial Sweeteners Reveal Septic System Effluent in Rural Groundwater
Authors: Spoelstra John , Senger Natalie D. , Schiff Sherry L. 
Published: October 2017

It has been widely documented that municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents are a major source of artificial sweeteners to surface waters. However, in rural areas, the extent to which septic systems contribute these same compounds to groundwater aquifers is largely unknown. We examined the occurrence of four commonly used artificial sweeteners in an unconfined sand aquifer that serves as a water supply for rural residents, as a receptor of domestic wastewater from septic systems, and as a source of baseflow to the Nottawasaga River, ON, Canada. Groundwater from the Lake Algonquin Sand Aquifer in the southern Nottawasaga River Watershed was collected from private domestic wells and as groundwater seeps discharging along the banks of the Nottawasaga River. Approximately 30% of samples had detectable levels of one or more artificial sweeteners, indicating the presence of water derived from septic system effluent. Using acesulfame concentrations to estimate the fraction of septic effluent in groundwater samples, ∼3.4 to 13.6% of the domestic wells had 1% or more of their well water being derived from septic system effluent. Similarly, 2.0 to 4.7% of the groundwater seeps had a septic effluent contribution of 1% or more. No relationship was found between the concentration of acesulfame and the concentration of nitrate, ammonium, or soluble reactive phosphorus in the groundwater, indicating that septic effluent is not the dominant source of nutrients in the aquifer. It is expected that the occurrence of artificial sweeteners in shallow groundwater is widespread throughout rural areas in Canada.Core Ideas
Samples were collected from domestic wells and groundwater seeps in rural Ontario.
Artificial sweeteners were found in >30% of rural groundwater samples.
Acesulfame was used to estimate the fraction of septic effluent in groundwater.
Septic effluent was not a significant source of nutrients in the aquifer.