bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species richness and taxonomic distinctness of lake macrophytes along environmental gradients in two continents
Authors: Alahuhta Janne , Toivanen Maija , Hjort Jan , Ecke Frauke , Johnson Lucinda B. , Sass Laura , Heino Jani 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems is under threat and there is an urgent need to quantify the various facets of biodiversity to assess the conservation value of freshwater ecosystems. The effects of taxonomic relatedness have so far not been taken into account in biodiversity assessments of lake macrophytes.

We therefore tested the response of species richness and average taxonomic distinctness (AvTD) of aquatic macrophytes along environmental gradients using linear regression models and Bayesian Information Criterion variable selection method. We selected data from four regions, each with 50–60 lakes, situated in northern Europe (Finland and Sweden) and northern America (Minnesota and Wisconsin). We separately studied all macrophyte species, hydrophytes and helophytes.

Species richness and AvTD of aquatic macrophytes were generally negatively related in all regions, although it was not statistically significant. Both biodiversity measures responded to environmental gradients to various degrees among the studied macrophyte groups and regions. Species richness was best explained by alkalinity and lake area in Finland, by elevation, annual mean temperature and total phosphorus in Minnesota, and by alkalinity in Wisconsin. AvTD was best explained by alkalinity, annual mean temperature and total phosphorus in Finland and by alkalinity in Wisconsin. Very weak relationships were found in Sweden.

Our findings strongly suggest that complementary indices are needed to indicate more comprehensively the effects of environmental conditions on freshwater biodiversity. Species richness was found to be a better measure than AvTD to account for conservation value in freshwaters. However, further research is required to evaluate the usefulness of AvTD to indicate conservation value (e.g. randomisation tests), because alternative measures are clearly needed for those freshwater taxa lacking complete information on true phylogenetic diversity.
Microbial acceleration of aerobic pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH
Authors: Percak‐Dennett E. , He S. , Converse B. , Konishi H. , Xu H. , Corcoran A. , Noguera D. , Chan C. , Bhattacharyya A. , Borch T. , Boyd E. , Roden E. E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPyrite (FeS2) is the most abundant sulfide mineral on Earth and represents a significant reservoir of reduced iron and sulfur both today and in the geologic past. In modern environments, oxidative transformations of pyrite and other metal sulfides play a key role in terrestrial element partitioning with broad impacts to contaminant mobility and the formation of acid mine drainage systems. Although the role of aerobic micro‐organisms in pyrite oxidation under acidic‐pH conditions is well known, to date there is very little known about the capacity for aerobic micro‐organisms to oxidize pyrite at circumneutral pH. Here, we describe two enrichment cultures, obtained from pyrite‐bearing subsurface sediments, that were capable of sustained cell growth linked to pyrite oxidation and sulfate generation at neutral pH. The cultures were dominated by two Rhizobiales species (Bradyrhizobium sp. and Mesorhizobium sp.) and a Ralstonia species. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and genome reconstruction indicated the presence of Fe and S oxidation pathways in these organisms, and the presence of a complete Calvin–Benson–Bassham CO2 fixation system in the Bradyrhizobium sp. Oxidation of pyrite resulted in thin (30–50 nm) coatings of amorphous Fe(III) oxide on the pyrite surface, with no other secondary Fe or S phases detected by electron microscopy or X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Rates of microbial pyrite oxidation were approximately one order of magnitude higher than abiotic rates. These results demonstrate the ability of aerobic microbial activity to accelerate pyrite oxidation and expand the potential contribution of micro‐organisms to continental sulfide mineral weathering around the time of the Great Oxidation Event to include neutral‐pH environments. In addition, our findings have direct implications for the geochemistry of modern sedimentary environments, including stimulation of the early stages of acid mine drainage formation and mobilization of pyrite‐associated metals.
Avoiding a crisis of motivation for ocean management under global environmental change
Authors: Mumby Peter J. , Sanchirico James N. , Broad Kenneth , Beck Michael W. , Tyedmers Peter , Morikawa Megan , Okey Thomas A. , Crowder Larry B. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Kelso Denny , Kleypas Joanie A. , Munch Stephan B. , Glynn Polita , Matthews Kathryn , Lubchenco Jane 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate change and ocean acidification are altering marine ecosystems and, from a human perspective, creating both winners and losers. Human responses to these changes are complex, but may result in reduced government investments in regulation, resource management, monitoring and enforcement. Moreover, a lack of peoples’ experience of climate change may drive some towards attributing the symptoms of climate change to more familiar causes such as management failure. Taken together, we anticipate that management could become weaker and less effective as climate change continues. Using diverse case studies, including the decline of coral reefs, coastal defences from flooding, shifting fish stocks and the emergence of new shipping opportunities in the Arctic, we argue that human interests are better served by increased investments in resource management. But greater government investment in management does not simply mean more of “business‐as‐usual.” Management needs to become more flexible, better at anticipating and responding to surprise, and able to facilitate change where it is desirable. A range of technological, economic, communication and governance solutions exists to help transform management. While not all have been tested, judicious application of the most appropriate solutions should help humanity adapt to novel circumstances and seek opportunity where possible.
Species’ traits as predictors of range shifts under contemporary climate change: A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: MacLean Sarah A. , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA growing body of literature seeks to explain variation in range shifts using species’ ecological and life‐history traits, with expectations that shifts should be greater in species with greater dispersal ability, reproductive potential, and ecological generalization. Despite strong theoretical support for species’ traits as predictors of range shifts, empirical evidence from contemporary range shift studies remains limited in extent and consensus. We conducted the first comprehensive review of species’ traits as predictors of range shifts, collecting results from 51 studies across multiple taxa encompassing over 11,000 species’ responses for 54 assemblages of taxonomically related species occurring together in space. We used studies of assemblages that directly compared geographic distributions sampled in the 20th century prior to climate change with resurveys of distributions after contemporary climate change and then tested whether species traits accounted for heterogeneity in range shifts. We performed a formal meta‐analysis on study‐level effects of body size, fecundity, diet breadth, habitat breadth, and historic range limit as predictors of range shifts for a subset of 21 studies of 26 assemblages with sufficient data. Range shifts were consistent with predictions based on habitat breadth and historic range limit. However, body size, fecundity, and diet breadth showed no significant effect on range shifts across studies, and multiple studies reported significant relationships that contradicted predictions. Current understanding of species’ traits as predictors of range shifts is limited, and standardized study is needed for traits to be valid indicators of vulnerability in assessments of climate change impacts.
Randomized, controlled trial split‐faced study of 595‐nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of acne vulgaris and acne erythema in adolescents and early adulthood
Authors: Lekwuttikarn Ramrada , Tempark Therdpong , Chatproedprai Susheera , Wananukul Siriwan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe high prevalence of acne vulgaris in teenagers has increased comorbidities. Lasers offer alternative options for acne treatment because they have rapid action, low systemic adverse effects, and do not require everyday treatment. To study the efficacy and patients’ satisfaction of 595‐nm pulse dye laser (PDL) treatment of acne vulgaris and acne erythema in adolescents and early adulthood, we designed a blocked‐randomized, split‐faced 595‐nm PDL (fluence 8 J/cm3 pulse duration 10 ms, spot size 7 mm, 2 session every 2 weeks) study in patients with mild to moderate acne by comparing the laser‐treated and non‐treated side. The acne lesion counts, acne erythema grading, and acne severity grading were evaluated at baseline and 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Thirty patients were recruited. The results showed no statistically significant difference except the papule count at week 4 which was −1.828 on the treated side and 0.103 on the non‐treated side of the face, P‐value 0.0018. There was no statistically significant difference of acne severity grading and acne erythema grading between both sides of the face. The mean scores of patients’ satisfaction on the laser‐treated side were 75, 81, and 81%, respectively. The PDL treatment in this study reveals no significant improvement in acne therapy; however, the patients were satisfied with this laser treatment.
Heating, microwave and UV irradiation effects on oxidative stability of Sardasht red grape (Vitis vinifera cultiv. Sardasht) seed oil
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Nikmaram Nooshin , Raeisi Susan , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur , Avallone Sylvie 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn the current study, for the first time, the oxidation stability of the extracted edible oil from Sardasht red grape at three different accelerated deteriorative conditions (oven, microwave and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation) was investigated. In this context, the peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CDV), carbonyl value (CV), radical scavenging activity (RSA) and oil/oxidative stability indices, as well as fatty acid composition and total tocopherol content, were evaluated. Sardasht grape seed oil as a rich oil in unsaturated fatty acid (about 87%) contains linoleic acid in terms of the principal fatty acid (70.4 ± 1.8%). The excessive oxidative stability of crude oil can be correlated with the extreme content of natural antioxidants (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The findings showed that Sardasht red grape seed oil could be approached as new source of edible oil with acceptable oxidative stability.
2016 WHO Classification update—What's new in lymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Hsi E. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the 8 years since the publication of the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tumours in 2008, there has been rapid accumulation of knowledge in the molecular genetics, biology, clinical behavior of many hematologic malignancies. Concepts and models have advanced to the point at which updates were deemed necessary prior to the formal WHO process of publication of a 5th edition as part of the WHO “blue book” series. This overview will focus on lymphoid tumors and highlight important changes and updates to these neoplasms.
The danger of relying on the APTT and PT in patients on DOAC therapy, a potential patient safety issue
Authors: Adcock D. M. , Gosselin R. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProlongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) correlates poorly with plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulant agents (DOACS) including direct thrombin and direct Xa inhibitors. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that patients can have normal APTT and PT/INR with a therapeutic plasma concentration of a DOAC. Clinicians can no longer rely on a normal APTT and PT to determine that an anticoagulated patient is safe to undergo an invasive procedure. Laboratory scientists need to play a key and active role in educating clinicians about the limitations of the APTT and PT in patients on DOAC prophylaxis or therapy.
Review of D‐dimer testing: Good, Bad, and Ugly
Authors: Linkins L.‐A. , Takach Lapner S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractD‐dimer assays are commonly used in clinical practice to exclude a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. More recently, they have been also been used to guide patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) when faced with the decision to continue or stop anticoagulation after initial treatment is complete. D‐dimer assays vary widely with respect to the antibody used, method of capture, instrumentation required, and calibration standard. These differences have an important influence on the operating characteristics of the assays. Consequently, the evidence available in the literature for one assay cannot simply be extrapolated to another. In this review, we will outline the general properties of D‐dimer assays, discuss the concept of raising the D‐dimer threshold used in diagnosis of VTE according to pretest probability and age, and provide clinical perspective on the role of D‐dimer testing in the diagnosis and prognosis of VTE.
Minimal residual disease in acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Cruz N. M. , Mencia‐Trinchant N. , Hassane D. C. , Guzman M. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTreatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) over the past four decades remains mostly unchanged and the prognosis for the majority of patients remains poor. Most of the significant advances that have been observed are in defining cytogenetic abnormalities, as well as the genetic and epigenetic profiles of AML patients. While new cytogenetic and genetic aberrations such as the FLT3‐ITD and NPM1 mutations are able to guide prognosis for the majority of patients with AML, outcomes are still dismal and relapse rates remain high. It is thought that relapse in AML is in part driven by minimal residual disease (MRD) that remains in the patient following treatment. Thus, there is a need for sensitive and objective methodology for MRD detection. Methodologies such as multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR), digital PCR (dPCR), or next‐generation sequencing (NGS) are being employed to evaluate their utility in MRD assessment. In this review, we will provide an overview of AML and the clinical utility of MRD measurement. We will discuss optimal timing to MRD measurement, the different approaches that are available, and efforts in the standardization across laboratories.
Health‐related quality of life in prostate cancer patients' – treatment comparisons
Authors: Sebakk Karin S. , Haug Erik S. , Gullan Dag , Grov Ellen K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTActive surveillance (AS) as treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa) has been systematically offered from Vestfold Hospital Trust since 2009. This option proposes delay or avoidance of radical treatment and its troublesome side effects especially urinary leakage and erectile dysfunction. The aim is to compare urinary problems, sexual dysfunction and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) between Norwegian PCa patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and AS. A cross‐sectional study of 330 PCa patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 at Vestfold Hospital Trust was performed, including 150 in an AS group and 180 in a RRP group. HRQOL was assessed using the SF‐12 questionnaire. Sexual and urinary function was assessed through excerpts from The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index‐50 Question (EPIC‐50). Continuous data was analysed with t‐tests, while categorical data was analysed with χ2‐tests. In addition, linear regression analysis was performed. No difference in HRQOL was observed between the two groups despite significant differences in urinary leakage and sexual function. The AS group had a significantly lower proportion of men with a Physical Component Score (PCS) ≤ 40. We did not find the same pattern for Mental Component Score (MCS). The difference in PCS was not significant after adjustment for treatment, age, relationship and other independent variables. The findings are important for nurses informing PCa patients eligible for AS. The majority of men adjust with their disease and report good HRQOL, despite urinary leakage and erectile dysfunction after RRP compared with nontreated men on AS.
Using ICT for social good: Cultural identity restoration through emancipatory pedagogy
Authors: Young Amber Grace 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis research examines how an oppressed group, the Klamath Tribes of Oregon, used an information communication technology (ICT) for the human development objective of cultural identity restoration, one component of emancipation. Within this manuscript is depicted a process model of how ICT tools can be used for human development through emancipatory pedagogy, ie, the communication of knowledge in a way that promotes critical reflection and collective action. Combining interpretive and critical methods, I describe how the Klamath's ICT reflected the emancipatory journey of those creating it and empowered the Klamath to lead ICT users toward emancipation. An interpretive approach revealed that ICT framing tools promoted awareness of the Klamath, awareness of the problem the Klamath sought to address, and awareness of societal systems of power that enforced the Klamath's problem, while ICT tactic tools enabled “the aware” to engage in solutions. Notably, the Klamath shirked prevailing practices in ICT for development. Consistent with my critical approach, I use the Klamath case to suggest normative recommendations for the use of ICT for social good.
Embedded ring injury – a rare presentation with an atypical aetiology
Authors: Langridge Benjamin J , Ramman Saif , Toft Neil J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 45‐year‐old female patient presented to clinic with an almost completely embedded ring in the volar aspect of her right ring finger, with complete reepithelialisation over the superficial aspect of the ring. We present this unusual case of an embedded ring after an insect bite on the patient's ring finger. The patient had worn the ring for the previous 5 years without removing it and did not report any discomfort or traumatic injury. We discuss this case in the context of previously reported cases of an embedded ring, a rare presentation in itself, highlighting the key differences in both this patient's aetiology and the risk factors associated with the presentation.
Deep submicrometer YAG:Ce phosphor particles with high photoluminescent quantum yield prepared by flame spray synthesis
Authors: Borlaf Mario , Kubrin Roman , Aseev Vladimir , Petrov Alexander Yu , Nikonorov Nikolay , Graule Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractYAG:Ce materials have been extensively studied as phosphors for blue to white light conversion. In the last years, the preparation methods of YAG:Ce powders in the nanometric scale have received intensive attention due to their special optical properties. In this context, the preparation of luminescent particles with high quantum yield (QY) and particle size in the deep submicrometer range is the main focus of this work. Amorphous and hexagonal YAG:Ce nanoparticles (<20 nm) with the stoichiometric composition of YAG:Ce were synthesized by liquid‐feed flame spray synthesis. The crystal phase, particle size, and specific surface area (SSA) evolution with the calcination temperature were investigated. A direct conversion from the amorphous/hexagonal phase to the cubic one was observed at T≥900°C, together with an increase in the particle size into the range 100‐350 nm and a corresponding decrease in the SSA. Zeta potential of the particles in aqueous dispersions and their photoluminescent properties were characterized. The QY increased for the phosphor powders with lower Ce3+ concentration. The highest QY of 70%‐72% was obtained for powders containing cerium doping of 0.1 mol% and spanning the size range between 130 and 270 nm.
QT prolongation by dexamphetamine: Does experience matter?
Authors: Schrantee Anouk , Václavů Lena , Reneman Liesbeth , Verberne Hein J. , Booij Jan , Tan Hanno L 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionCase reports of life‐threatening cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) among amphetamine users have raised serious concerns about the cardiac safety of this class of drugs. This is important in light of the high prevalence of dexamphetamine (dAMPH) prescription for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and its rising use as a recreational drug. The objective was to investigate electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters upon intravenous administration of a single dAMPH dose in habitual recreational dAMPH users (users) and healthy gender/age/ intelligence‐quotient‐matched controls (non‐users).Methods and resultsECG recordings were made in 18 users and 18 non‐users during administration of dAMPH (0.3 mg/kg body weight). Baseline ECG was normal in both groups. dAMPH elicited increased heart rate and corrected QT time (QTc) prolongation in both groups (all P < 0.001, QTc = 502 in one individual). QTc prolongation was attenuated in users compared to non‐users, exhibiting a significant interaction effect (P = 0.04).ConclusionSCA associated with amphetamine use may be related to its QTc prolonging effects, particularly during first‐time use. These observations may provide a rationale for conducting ECG analysis immediately after the first‐time use of amphetamines, as this could potentially unmask vulnerable individuals.
Tobacco, contract farming, and agrarian change in Zimbabwe
Authors: Scoones Ian , Mavedzenge Blasio , Murimbarimba Felix , Sukume Chrispen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe growth of smallholder tobacco production since 2000 has been one of the big stories of Zimbabwe's post–land reform experience. Yet the implications for agrarian change, and the consequences for new relations between farmers, the state, and agribusiness capital have rarely been discussed. The paper reports on work carried out in the Mvurwi area of Mazowe district in Zimbabwe with a sample of 220 A1 (smallholder) farmers and 100 former farmworkers resident in compounds on the same farms. By going beyond a focus on operational and business dimensions of contract farming, the paper concludes with reflections on the implications for understanding agrarian relations and social differentiation in those areas of Zimbabwe where tobacco growing is now significant, with lessons more broadly on the political economy of contract farming, and the integration of agribusiness capital following land reform.