bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Physics-Informed Auto-Learning Framework for Developing Stochastic Conceptual Models for ENSO Diversity
Authors: Zhang Yinling , Chen Nan , Vialard Jérôme , Fang Xianghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics has tremendously improved over the past few decades. The ENSO diversity in spatial pattern, peak intensity, and temporal evolution is, however, still poorly represented in conceptual ENSO models. In this paper, a physics-informed auto-learning framework is applied to derive ENSO stochastic conceptual models with varying degrees of freedom. The framework is computationally efficient and easy to apply. Once the state vector of the target model is set, causal inference is exploited to build the right-hand side of the equations based on a mathematical function library. Fundamentally different from standard nonlinear regression, the auto-learning framework provides a parsimonious model by retaining only terms that improve the dynamical consistency with observations. It can also identify crucial latent variables and provide physical explanations. This methodology successfully reconstructs the equations of a realistic six-dimensional reference ENSO model based on the recharge oscillator theory from its data. A hierarchy of lower-dimensional models is derived, and their representation of ENSO (including its diversity) is systematically assessed. The minimum model that represents ENSO diversity is four-dimensional, with three interannual variables describing the western Pacific thermocline depth, the eastern and central Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and one intraseasonal variable for westerly wind events. Without the intraseasonal variable, the resulting three-dimensional model underestimates extreme events and is too regular. A limited number of weak nonlinearities in the model are essential in reproducing the observed extreme El Niño events and the observed nonlinear relationship between eastern and western Pacific SSTs.

Significance Statement
This study develops a physics-informed auto-learning approach to improve the modeling and understanding of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a major climate phenomenon influencing global weather and climate. The auto-learning framework explores the causality between key processes to systematically produce stochastic conceptual models with different climate factors that simulate the diversity of observed ENSO events. The key finding is that the minimal model for characterizing the ENSO diversity (with the least number of climate factors) is a four-variable model capturing thermocline depth, sea surface temperatures, and wind bursts that can reproduce intensity and spatial pattern variation. This advancement provides an interpretable tool to identify the minimum sufficient processes governing ENSO behavior for improved predictability.
Multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with TMJ ankylosis and a severe dentofacial discrepancy: A case report
Authors: Khan Sara , Nazir Rozina , Hanif Maidah 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition characterised by the fusion of bony or fibrous tissues in the TMJ, resulting in restricted mouth opening, functional challenges and facial deformities. This report highlights the complexity and multifaceted nature of TMJ ankylosis and emphasises the significance of early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach. Distraction osteogenesis has emerged as a successful method for managing TMJ ankylosis and associated facial asymmetry. Post-distraction orthodontic management is essential to address occlusal changes, including posterior open bite and crossbite. Diagnosis and treatment plan: A 17-year-old boy with unilateral right-sided TMJ ankylosis presented with restricted mouth opening, facial asymmetry and functional difficulties. Multidisciplinary treatment planning involved distraction osteogenesis, condylectomy, coronoidectomy and orthodontic correction to achieve proper occlusion and facial aesthetics. Results: The treatment significantly improved facial aesthetics, mouth opening, occlusion and the patient’s confidence and self-esteem. Conclusion: This case report underscores the complexity of TMJ ankylosis and the need for a comprehensive approach, including surgical and orthodontic interventions. Collaboration among healthcare professionals and ongoing research is vital to refine treatment approaches and improve the quality of life for patients with TMJ ankylosis.
Evaluation of Wear Resistance of CAD/CAM Materials After Artificial Aging: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sakarya Rüştü Ersoy , Yanikoğlu Nuran Dinçkal 
Published: September 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the amount of surface wear and opposing wear of four Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing materials consisting of three hybrid materials (Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate) and a feldspathic ceramic (CEREC Blocs) after artificial aging. Materials and Methods: Samples were 400,000 mechanical loadings simultaneously with 500 thermal cycling, by using antagonist abrasive balls. The surface wear and roughness results were evaluated with one-way variance analysis and multiple comparisons were evaluated using the post-hoc LSD analysis methods ( p = .05). Results: The surface wears of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing materials were, in order from lowest to highest, CEREC Blocs, Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, and Lava Ultimate. The differences among all groups wear results were statistically significant ( p < .05). After the chewing simulations of the antagonist balls were evaluated, there was only significant difference between the Cerasmart and Lava Ultimate ( p < .05). Conclusions: The hybrid materials showed more surface wear than the feldspathic ceramic.
Step-by-step Stereotactic Radiotherapy Planning of Pituitary Adenoma: A ROSE (Radiation Oncology from Simulation to Execution) Guide to Radiation Oncologists
Authors: Patro Kanhu Charan , Avinash Ajitesh , Naik Banavathu Daya Bharath Singh , Kundu Chitta Ranjan , Bhattacharya Partha Sarathi , Muvvala Mrutyunjayarao , Aketi Srinu , Radhakrishnan Kaviya Lakshmi , Vincent Dona Treesa , Madasu Bhargava Krishna , Tatapudi Priyalice 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Pituitary adenoma accounts for 10%–20% of all intracranial malignancies. The primary modality of treatment is surgery, while pituitary radiation is indicated in residual or recurrent setting post-surgery. Currently, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is one of the main modalities of radiation treatment. The objective of this article is to describe the procedural steps for radiation planning of SRT of pituitary adenoma Methods The step-by-step procedure for stereotactic planning of pituitary adenoma has been described using a clinical scenario of pituitary adenoma. Results The stereotactic radiation planning of pituitary adenoma starts with the basic history and relevant clinical evaluation that is visual testing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is the imaging modality of choice. Evaluation of surgical notes and post-operative histopathology confirmation of diagnosis should also be done. The radiation planning of pituitary adenoma starts with Computed tomography (CT) simulation and MRI of brain that should be done in prescribed format to achieve uniformity in radiation planning. After CT and MRI image fusion, contouring of target, organs at risk (OAR) and radiation planning should be done. The plan evaluation includes target and OAR coverage index, conformity, homogeneity and gradient index and beam arrangement. After radiation plan evaluation, treatment is delivered after quality assurance and dry run. Conclusion The article highlights the sequential process of radiation planning for SRT—starting from simulation, planning, evaluation of plan and treatment.
Hematological biomarkers of systemic inflammation in predicting long-term treatment response of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Cho Il-San , Jo Jung Hwan , Park Ji Woon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic systemic inflammation has been proposed as the underlying mechanism of pain chronicity in several pain conditions. In spite of the growing evidence supporting the role of systemic inflammatory markers as a diagnostic tool, their role has not been analyzed in a well-defined group of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients until now. This study aimed to investigate the association between various clinical features and comorbidity levels of TMD in relation to hematological markers and seek its association with long-term treatment response.

Methods
Clinical features and hematological indices including those for systemic inflammation were assessed in TMD patients (n = 154). Examinations were re-done after 6 months of conservative treatment. Patients were divided into pain improved and unimproved groups based on ≥ 2 numeric rating scale improvement in pain intensity at 6 months for final analysis.

Results
The portion of patients with low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p = 0.026), total protein (p = 0.014), hemoglobin (p = 0.040), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.042) values showed significant differences according to prognosis groups. Low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with unfavorable response to long-term treatment (β = 1.706, p = 0.018). High pre-treatment pain intensity (β=-0.682, p < 0.001) and low Graded Chronic Pain Scale (β = 1.620, p = 0.002) could predict significant pain improvement with long-term treatment.

Conclusions
Hematologic assessment could be considered in addition to clinical examination to better determine long-term prognosis in TMD patients.
The roles of OGT and its mechanisms in cancer
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Jing , Xiang Yaoxian , Wang Kangjie , Yan Dong , Tong Yingying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractO-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a common and important post-translational modification (PTM) linking O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues in proteins. Extensive research indicates its impact on target protein stability, activity, and interactions. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes O-GlcNAc modification, responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins. OGT and O-GlcNAcylation are overexpressed in many tumors and closely associated with tumor growth, invasion, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune evasion. This review delineates the biochemical functions of OGT and summarizes its effects and mechanisms in tumors. Targeting OGT presents a promising novel approach for treating human malignancies.
Double-layer data-hiding mechanism for ECG signals
Authors: Natgunanathan Iynkaran , Karmakar Chandan , Rajasegarar Sutharshan , Zong Tianrui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the advancement in biomedical technologies, to diagnose problems in people, a number of psychological signals are extracted from patients. We should be able to ensure that psychological signals are not altered by adversaries and it should be possible to relate a patient to his/her corresponding psychological signal. As far as our awareness extends, none of the existing methods possess the capability to both identify and verify the authenticity of the ECG signals. Consequently, this paper introduces an innovative dual-layer data-embedding approach for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, aiming to achieve both signal identification and authenticity verification. Since file name-based signal identification is vulnerable to modifications, we propose a robust watermarking method which will embed patient-related details such as patient identification number, into the medically less-significant portion of the ECG signals. The proposed robust watermarking algorithm adds data into ECG signals such that the patient information hidden in an ECG signal can resist the filtering attack (such as high-pass filtering) and noise addition. This is achieved via the use of error buffers in the embedding algorithm. Further, modification-sensitive fragile watermarks are added to ECG signals. By extracting and checking the fragile watermark bits, we can determine whether an ECG signal is modified or not. To ensure the security of the proposed mechanism, two secret keys are used. Our evaluation demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed system.
AI-guided investigation of biochar’s efficacy in Pb immobilization for remediation of Pb contaminated agricultural land
Authors: Cho Yoora , Lim Juin Yau , Igalavithana Avanthi Deshani , Hwang Geonwook , Sang Mee Kyung , Mašek Ondřej , Ok Yong Sik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the lead (Pb) immobilization efficiency of biochar in contaminated agricultural soil. The biochar was produced from a range of major biomass residues and pyrolyzed under well-controlled conditions. Ten different types of standard biochar samples were derived from five different feedstocks (i.e., softwood, miscanthus straw, rice husk, oilseed rape straw, wheat straw) and pyrolyzed at 550 ℃ and 700 ℃. Pb-contaminated soil near an abandoned mine was incubated with 2.5% (w w− 1) of biochar. Incubation was conducted for various durations at room temperature under both short-term (21 days) and long-term (214 days) conditions. This variation explicitly accounted for the simulated microplastic contamination during the long-term incubation period. A novel framework has been developed to predict the long-term immobilization effect of various biochar types using a machine-learning approach, following the successful identification of optimal biochar implementations. This prediction method utilizes a small on-field dataset by employing a data augmentation approach, showcasing an innovative approach to forecasting the effects of different biochar types over time. After the incubation period, soil samples were analyzed for their chemical properties. As a result, oil seed rape biochar was the highest in pH, EC, exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, total nitrogen content, soil organic matter content, and available phosphate. In return, OSR 700 treated soils showed the highest content of exchangeable cations and the lowest content of available Pb after the incubation period. The most efficient biochar for immobilizing lead (Pb) in soil appears to be OSR 700, based on the available evidence.
Application of graph neural networks to predict explosion-induced transient flow
Authors: Covoni Ginevra , Montomoli Francesco , Tagarielli Vito L. , Bisio Valentina , Rossin Stefano , Ruggiero Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe illustrate an application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to predict the pressure, temperature and velocity fields induced by a sudden explosion. The aim of the work is to enable accurate simulation of explosion events in large and geometrically complex domains. Such simulations are currently out of the reach of existing CFD solvers, which represents an opportunity to apply machine learning. The training dataset is obtained from the results of URANS analyses in OpenFOAM. We simulate the transient flow following impulsive events in air in atmospheric conditions. The time history of the fields of pressure, temperature and velocity obtained from a set of such simulations is then recorded to serve as a training database. In the training simulations we model a cubic volume of air enclosed within rigid walls, which also encompass rigid obstacles of random shape, position and orientation. A subset of the cubic volume is initialized to have a higher pressure than the rest of the domain. The ensuing shock initiates the propagation of pressure waves and their reflection and diffraction at the obstacles and walls. A recently proposed GNN framework is extended and adapted to this problem. During the training, the model learns the evolution of thermodynamic quantities in time and space, as well as the effect of the boundary conditions. After training, the model can quickly compute such evolution for unseen geometries and arbitrary initial and boundary conditions, exhibiting good generalization capabilities for domains up to 125 times larger than those used in the training simulations.
Inorganic iodine and bromine speciation in Arctic snow at picogram-per-grams levels by IC-ICP-MS
Authors: Frassati Stefano , Barbaro Elena , Rossetti Claudia , Cozzi Giulio , Turetta Clara , Scoto Federico , Roman Marco , Feltracco Matteo , Kim Kitae , Barbante Carlo , Gambaro Andrea , Spolaor Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIodine and bromine play central roles in polar atmospheric chemistry: iodine influences the atmospheric oxidative capacity and can generate cloud condensation nuclei, while bromine participates in ozone depletion reactions, known as bromine explosions. Here we present a very sensitive analytical method for Br and I speciation by coupling the ion chromatography system (IC) with an inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer (ICP-SFMS). We achieved sub-picogram-per gram (pg g−1) as limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.4 pg g−1 for I−, 0.8 pg g−1 for IO3−, 4 pg g−1 for Br−, and 1 pg g−1 for BrO3−, respectively. These values represent a decrease of up to 30 times compared to the LODs reported in other studies. The method was validated using deep snow samples from the Svalbard Islands, collected at the end of the polar night to quantify various oxidized compounds during their seasonal minimum. In the future, this method could prove useful in the paleoclimatic study of ice cores and snow, as well as in ice chemistry research.
Neuropsychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with new-onset epilepsy
Authors: Nageeb Rania S. , Ismail Adham Mahmoud Mohamad , Youssef Sawsan Abd El Aziz , Mohamed Eman Atef 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Neuropsychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with new-onset epilepsy in our university hospitals has not been assessed, so the purpose of this study was to identify the neuropsychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with new onset epilepsy in our university hospitals. We recruited one hundred patients, assessed them clinically, radiologically, electrophysiologically, and we performed Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, Beck’s Depression Inventory II (BDI II) and Quality of Life In Epilepsy-10 Questionnaire (QOLIE-10) to assess cognitive function, seizure severity, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of the patients, respectively.

Results
Older adult age group had higher LSSS than other groups. Middle-aged adults’ group had higher WAIS-IV full scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) score and lower GAD-7 scale scores than other age groups. Patients regularly on more than one anti-seizure medication had lower IQ results, more seizure severity, depression, anxiety and worse quality of life than those on monotherapy. Males had slightly higher IQ scores. Patients with moderate and severe BDI-II score had significantly higher rate of uncontrolled seizures, higher seizures’ frequency, more abnormal EEG and were regularly on valproate at significantly higher rates as compared to those with minimal BDI-II score. Patients with moderate anxiety were significantly older than those with normal and severe anxiety. Patients with severe anxiety had higher rate of family history of epilepsy, higher rates of uncontrolled seizures and higher seizures’ frequency as compared to those with mild and moderate anxiety. Patients with mild, moderate, and severe score on GAD-7 had more abnormal EEG as compared to those with normal GAD-7 score. Patients with severe and very severe seizures had significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression and impaired quality of life than those with mild and moderate seizure severity.

Conclusions
Most patients with epilepsy had psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety which strongly reduce their quality of life and interfere with their compliance to anti-seizure medication. Males had slightly higher Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores on WAIS-IV. Moreover, patients regularly taking more than one anti-seizure medication had a statistically significantly lower IQ score, more seizure severity, higher Beckʼs depression inventory II score, higher generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale score, and worse quality of life than those on monotherapy.
Implementation of collaborative care for depression in VA HIV clinics: Translating Initiatives for Depression into Effective Solutions (HITIDES): protocol for a cluster-randomized type 3 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial
Authors: Painter Jacob T. , Pyne Jeffrey , Curran Geoffrey , Raciborski Rebecca A. , Russell Shane , Fortney John , Gifford Allen L. , Ohl Michael , Woodward Eva N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is the most diagnosed mental health condition among people living with HIV. Collaborative care is an effective intervention for depression, typically delivered in primary care settings. The HIV Translating Initiatives for Depression into Effective Solutions (HITIDES) clinical intervention involves a depression care team housed off-site that supports depression care delivery by HIV care providers. In a randomized controlled trial, HITIDES significantly improved depression symptoms for veterans living with HIV and delivered cost savings. However, no HIV clinics in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) have implemented HITIDES; as such, it is unclear what implementation strategies are necessary to launch and sustain this intervention.

Methods
This hybrid type-3 effectiveness-implementation trial examines the implementation and effectiveness of HITIDES in 8 VHA HIV clinics randomly assigned to one of two implementation arms. Each arm uses a different implementation strategy package. Arm 1 includes an intervention operations guide; an on-site clinical champion who, with the help of a peer community of practice, will work with local clinicians and leadership to implement HITIDES at their site; and patient engagement in implementation tools. Arm 2 includes all strategies from Arm 1 with assistance from an external facilitator. The primary implementation outcomes is reach; secondary outcomes include adoption, implementation dose, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. We will conduct a budget impact analysis of the implementation strategy packages. We hypothesize that Arm 2 will be associated with greater reach and adoption and that Arm 1 will be less costly.

Discussion
Preliminary work identified implementation strategies acceptable to veterans living with HIV and HIV care providers; however, the effectiveness and cost of these strategies are unknown. While the depression care team can deliver services consistently with high quality, the ability of the depression care team to engage with HIV care providers at sites is unknown. Findings from this study will be used to inform selection of implementation strategies for a broad rollout to enhance depression and suicide care for people living with HIV.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05901272, Registered 10 May 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05901272