bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD AND RETINA OVER TIME IN VERY YOUNG CHILDREN WITH FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , El-Dairi Mays A. , Tran-Viet Du , Mangalesh Shwetha , Dandridge Alexandria , Jiramongkolchai Kim , Viehland Christian , Toth Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To explore vitreoretinal pathologies and their longitudinal changes visible on handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) of young children with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively analyzed handheld OCT images for vitreoretinal interface and retinal abnormalities and optic nerve head (ONH) elevation.

Results:
From 26 eyes of 16 children (mean age 32 months) with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, 10 had ONH dragging on photographs, and in these, handheld OCT revealed temporal and anterior retinal displacement, prominent vitreopapillary adhesion or traction, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickening at ONH margins with adjacent retinal elevation. Despite a nearly normal photographic appearance, handheld OCT revealed ONH elevation with vitreopapillary traction (6/16 eyes), ONH edema (1/16 eye), and retinal vascular protrusion (5/16 eyes). Handheld OCT–visualized vitreous abnormalities (18/26 eyes) were more prevalent at higher stages of disease. Handheld OCT–visualized elevation of ONH and the retina worsened over time in nine eyes and improved in 5/6 eyes after vitrectomy.

Conclusion:
Handheld OCT can detect early ONH, retinal, and vitreous changes in eyes with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Contraction of strongly adherent vitreous in young patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy appears to cause characteristic ONH dragging and tractional complications without partial posterior vitreous detachment. Vitreopapillary dragging may be visible only on OCT and may progress in the absence of obvious retinal change on conventional examination.
CENTRAL ELLIPSOID LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH CONE DYSTROPHY AND KCNV2 MUTATION
Authors: Xu David , Su Daniel , Nusinowitz Steven , Sarraf David 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of central ellipsoid loss with supernormal rod electroretinogram and KCNV2 gene mutation.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Patient:
Thirty-eight-year-old man.

Results:
We report a patient with longstanding vision loss and photophobia who illustrated central atrophy of the inner segment ellipsoid zone band on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Fundus autofluorescence displayed mild perifoveal mottled autofluorescence. Electroretinography demonstrated a diminished rod-isolated response with delayed timing but a normal dark-adapted maximal response to bright flashes. Cone-mediated responses under light-adapted conditions were abnormal with evidence of selective loss of the b wave and a normal a wave consistent with cone dystrophy with supernormal rod electroretinogram. Genetic testing demonstrated a frameshift mutation in the KCNV2 gene.

Conclusion:
Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod electroretinogram is believed to be a monogenic disease due to KCNV2 gene mutations that affect a transmembrane potassium channel found in rod and cone photoreceptors. We report the multimodal retinal findings associated with a signature electroretinogram in this disorder. Clinicians should consider this rare condition when evaluating patients with central ellipsoid loss and associated cone dystrophy.
A CASE OF RETINAL METASTASIS OF LARYNGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA WITH HISTOPATHOLOGIC CONFIRMATION BY VITRECTOMY-ASSISTED EN BLOCK EXTRACTION
Authors: Tetsumoto Akira , Imai Hisanori , Miki Akiko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: November 2017

Background/Purpose:
To present a case report of retinal metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma that was diagnosed by a histopathologic finding from the surgically extracted tumor tissue.

Methods:
A 66-year-old man, who was suffered from the treatment-resistant laryngeal carcinoma, was referred to our department because of visual field defect in his right eye. A fundus examination revealed a parafoveal white retinal lesion, which rapidly expanded to the central fovea and decreased the visual acuity. A tissue extraction by 27G pars plana vitrectomy was performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Results:
The abnormal retinal tissue was extracted en block through 10-mm sclerocorneal tunnel during pars plana vitrectomy. The histopathologic findings revealed that the retinal lesion was retinal metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma.

Conclusion:
We must keep in mind that retinal metastasis can be one of the differential diagnoses for white retinal lesions of unknown cause.
THERAPEUTIC VITRECTOMY AS AN ADJUNCT TREATMENT TO SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY FOR INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA
Authors: Bever Gregory J. , Kim Dan J. , Afshar Armin R. , Rubenstein James L. , Damato Bertil E. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To report the outcome of a previously vitrectomized eye having less lymphoma disease burden compared with the contralateral nonvitrectomized eye over the course of 3.5 years while on systemic chemotherapy.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 51-year-old man with vitreoretinal lymphoma with central nervous system involvement underwent vitrectomy in his left eye. Over the following 3.5 years on systemic chemotherapy, the left eye had less lymphoma disease burden compared with the contralateral nonvitrectomized right eye.

Conclusion:
Therapeutic vitrectomy may be a useful adjunct to systemic chemotherapy in vitreoretinal lymphoma, particularly in cases of vitreous predominant disease manifestation.
In Vitro Evaluation of Adhesion of Two Acanthamoeba Strains to Cosmetic Contact Lenses
Authors: Bakay Berna B. , Polat Zubeyde A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the factors affecting the adhesion of Acanthamoeba trophozoites to the surface of cosmetic contact lenses (CCLs).

Methods:

Acanthamoeba castellanii and A. hatchetti trophozoites were inoculated onto CCLs (hema copolymer [HM] [38.5% H2O], phemfilcon [PF] [55% H2O], polymacon [PM] [38% H2O], polyhema [PH] [%42 H2O], and hema [HM55] [55% H2O]), and the number of trophozoites adhered to the lens surfaces was assessed over time, that is, at 15 min, 1, and 24 hr. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the lens surfaces was performed to evaluate the effect of lens surface topology on adhesion.

Results:
The number of amoeba adhered to the contact lens surface was found lower with PF and PH production materials, than lenses with HM, PM, and HM55 production materials (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in amoebic strains adhered in all the contact lens types (P>0.05). No significant difference was found on average amoeba adhesion between contact lenses with hema production material but with different water contents (45%, 55%), to see the effect of water content on amoebic adhesion (P>0.05). As a result of SEM analysis, surface topology showed no effect on adhesion.

Conclusion:
(1) Chemical composition of lenses seemed to be mostly responsible for the adhesion of Acanthamoeba. (2) Different numbers of trophozoites, obtained after the adhesion experiment, could also indicate that adherence capacity can also differ among Acanthamoeba species.
Predicting Short-Term Subjective Vision Performance of Contact Lenses Used in Myopia Control
Authors: Diec Jennie , Tilia Daniel , Thomas Varghese , Bakaraju Ravi C. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To investigate whether initial assessment of contact lenses prescribed for myopia control (MC) predicts short-term visual performance.

Method:
Retrospective analysis of 43 participants in a double-masked, randomized, cross-over trial wearing at least one lens: single-vision (SV) lens (1-DAY ACUVUE MOIST) or MC lenses (MiSight or Proclear Multifocal-Distance +2.00D). Participants completed questionnaires at the fitting visit, a take-home questionnaire (THQ) 3 days after fitting and finally at the assessment visit (≥5 days after fitting). Questions comprised vision clarity and lack of ghosting (distance, intermediate, near at day/night time); vision stability; driving vision; overall vision satisfaction and comfort (1–10 scale, 1-point steps); and willingness to purchase based on vision and MC benefit of lens (yes/no response). Visual acuity was measured at fitting and assessment visits.

Results:
Vision clarity (intermediate and near) was significantly worse at assessment compared with fitting while wearing MC lenses (P<0.001), as was overall vision satisfaction (P<0.001), comfort (P<0.001), and vision stability (P=0.001) while wearing either SV or MC lenses. Participants willing to purchase at assessment visit was 84% with SV and 36% with MC lenses, increasing to 88% (SV, P=1.00) and 61% (MC, P<0.001) if the lenses slowed myopia progression. Visual acuity was no different with either MC or SV lenses at fitting or assessment (P≥0.251).

Conclusion:
Initial performance at fitting did not predict short-term performance for SV or MC lenses. A significant increase in willingness to purchase if lenses slowed myopia progression was observed while wearing MC lenses. Educating patients on the benefits might increase acceptability of MC lenses.
Menthol reduces phototoxicity pain in a mouse model of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wright Lisa , Baptista-Hon Daniel , Bull Fiona , Dalgaty Faith , Gallacher Michael , Ibbotson Sally H. , Hales Tim G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Phototoxicity-induced pain is a major clinical problem triggered by light acting on photosensitising drugs or endogenous porphyrins, notably protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an intermediary in heme biosynthesis. Protoporphyrin IX accumulates in individuals with erythropoietic protoporphyria and is elevated during photodynamic therapy subsequent to application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Pain occurs during irradiation of PpIX and responds poorly to conventional analgesics. Our objective was to develop a model of PpIX phototoxicity pain and investigate the potential of menthol as an analgesic. Application of ALA to the tails of C57 black and SWISS white mice caused PpIX accumulation and nociception during irradiation (630 nm at 3.7 J/cm2). Despite similar PpIX accumulation, C57 mice exhibited less pain behavior compared with SWISS mice because of light absorption by pigmentation. Irradiation of ALA-treated dorsal root ganglion neurons caused phototoxicity-evoked action potentials (APs) in both mouse strains. The antioxidant L-tryptophan increased the light dose required to elicit such APs. By contrast, the addition of keratinocytes to neuronal cultures decreased the threshold for APs, suggesting a requirement for proliferating cells. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase, selective antagonism of TRPV1 or the application of lidocaine or its quaternary derivative QX-314, reduced AP frequency, whereas antagonism of TRPA1 had no effect. These results suggest that products of singlet oxygen–mediated lipid peroxidation trigger nociceptor activation via TRPV1. Menthol inhibited phototoxicity-evoked APs and reduced pain behavior when applied topically to mice. These findings suggest that menthol might provide pain relief in patients experiencing PpIX–phototoxicity pain caused by photodynamic therapy or erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Inflammation in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain
Authors: Sommer Claudia , Leinders Mathias , Üçeyler Nurcan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries and diseases often lead to pain persisting beyond the resolution of damage, indicating an active disease-promoting process, which may result in chronic pain. This is regarded as a maladaptive mechanism resulting from neuroinflammation that originally serves to promote regeneration and healing. Knowledge on these physiological and pathophysiological processes has accumulated over the last few decades and has started to yield potential therapeutic targets. Key players are macrophages, T-lymphocytes, cytokines, and chemokines. In the spinal cord and brain, microglia and astrocytes are involved. Recently, data have been emerging on the regulation of these players. MicroRNAs and other noncoding RNAs have been discussed as potential master switches that may link nerve injury, pain, and inflammation. Clinical disorders most intensely studied in the context of neuroinflammation and pain are the complex regional pain syndrome, polyneuropathies, postherpetic neuralgia, and the fibromyalgia syndrome, in which recently a neuropathic component has been described. Research from several groups has shown an important role of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in neuropathic and other chronic pain states in humans. There is ample evidence of an analgesic action of anti-inflammatory cytokines in animal models. The interplay of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the nociceptive system provides possibilities and challenges concerning treatment strategies based on this concept.
Learning Needs of Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure in Singapore: A Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: ONG Shu-Fen , FOONG Pamela Pei-Mei , SEAH Juanna Shen-Hwei , ELANGOVAN Lavanya , WANG Wenru 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Understanding the learning needs of patients with heart failure (HF) is important in reducing the incidence of HF-related hospital readmissions. Sociocultural differences are known to influence patient learning needs. However, most HF learning needs studies have been conducted on Western populations.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the learning needs of hospitalized patients with HF in Singapore.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was adopted using a questionnaire survey that included the Heart Failure Learning Needs Inventory and sociodemographic and clinical datasheets. A convenience sample of 97 patients with HF was recruited from an acute hospital in Singapore.

Results:
Findings revealed that education topics relating to signs and symptoms, risk factors, general HF information, and medications were perceived by participants as the most important. Contrastingly, education topics relating to diet, activity, and psychological factors were poorly valued. The only significant demographic factor that was correlated to the patients’ learning needs was monthly household income, which correlated to education on HF risk factors and general HF information.

Conclusions:
This study supports the necessity of carefully prioritizing patient education topics in line with patient learning needs. Furthermore, education should be culturally sensitive and take into account the unique values, needs, and situations of patients.
A Prospective Study of Pain From Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Cochlear Implant Magnets In Situ
Authors: Pross Seth E. , Ward Bryan K. , Sharon Jeffrey D. , Weinreich Heather M. , Aygun Nafi , Francis Howard W. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To describe changes in pain associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cochlear implant magnets in place.

Study Design:
Prospective, single-arm study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Subjects:
Adults with cochlear implants requiring MRI.

Intervention:
Tight head wrapping over internal device during MRI.

Main Outcome Measures:
Change in pain score using an 11-point visual analogue scale, duration/completion of MRI, body mass index (BMI), quality of pain, status of the skin, functioning of implant, displacement/polarity change of magnet, willingness to repeat MRI without magnet removal.

Results:
A total of 27 subjects obtained 42 MRI scans. Subjects were 59% male with age range of 21 to 80 years. All three manufacturers were represented. Forty-eight percent of scans imaged the brain/head while 52% imaged other sites. The mean individual change in pain was 3.9 (SD 3.5, range 0–10). The pain was most commonly described as “pressure”, “heat”, or “sharp”. There was no significant correlation between change in pain and scan duration, BMI, or body part imaged. Eighty-eight percent of the scans were completed. There were no skin complications except temporary erythema (29%) and there were no magnet/device complications. Eighty-eight percent said they would undergo MRI without magnet removal again.

Conclusion:
The pain associated with obtaining an MRI without cochlear implant magnet removal is highly variable. Increase in pain is not related to duration of MRI scan, body part imaged, or BMI. Despite the pain, almost all patients prefer MRI scanning with the magnet in place, to avoid two surgical procedures.
Hospital Readmissions After Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Maddux Aline B. , DeWitt Peter E. , Mourani Peter M. , Bennett Tellen D. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To determine the rate, etiology, and timing of unplanned and planned hospital readmissions and to identify risk factors for unplanned readmission in children who survive a hospitalization for trauma.

Design:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study of a probabilistically linked dataset from the National Trauma Data Bank and the Pediatric Health Information System database, 2007–2012.

Setting:
Twenty-nine U.S. children’s hospitals.

Patients:
51,591 children (< 18 yr at admission) who survived more than or equal to a 2-day hospitalization for trauma.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was unplanned readmission within 1 year of discharge from the injury hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included any readmission, reason for readmission, time to readmission, and number of readmissions within 1 year of discharge. The primary exposure groups were isolated traumatic brain injury, both traumatic brain injury and other injury, or nontraumatic brain injury only. We hypothesized a priori that any traumatic brain injury would be associated with both planned and unplanned hospital readmission. We used All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups codes to categorize readmissions by etiology and planned or unplanned. Overall, 4,301/49,982 of the patients (8.6%) with more than or equal to 1 year of observation time were readmitted to the same hospital within 1 year. Many readmissions were unplanned: 2,704/49,982 (5.4%) experienced an unplanned readmission in the first year. The most common reason for unplanned readmission was infection (22%), primarily postoperative or posttraumatic infection (38% of readmissions for infection). Traumatic brain injury was associated with lower odds of unplanned readmission in multivariable analyses. Seizure or RBC transfusion during the index hospitalization were the strongest predictors of unplanned, earlier, and multiple readmissions.

Conclusions:
Many survivors of pediatric trauma experience unplanned, and potentially preventable, hospital readmissions in the year after discharge. Identification of those at highest risk of readmission can guide targeted in-hospital or postdischarge interventions.
Integrating animal movement with habitat suitability for estimating dynamic landscape connectivity
Authors: van Toor Mariëlle L. , Kranstauber Bart , Newman Scott H. , Prosser Diann J. , Takekawa John Y. , Technitis Georgios , Weibel Robert , Wikelski Martin , Safi Kamran 
Published: November 2017

AbstractContextHigh-resolution animal movement data are becoming increasingly available, yet having a multitude of empirical trajectories alone does not allow us to easily predict animal movement. To answer ecological and evolutionary questions at a population level, quantitative estimates of a species’ potential to link patches or populations are of importance.ObjectivesWe introduce an approach that combines movement-informed simulated trajectories with an environment-informed estimate of the trajectories’ plausibility to derive connectivity. Using the example of bar-headed geese we estimated migratory connectivity at a landscape level throughout the annual cycle in their native range.MethodsWe used tracking data of bar-headed geese to develop a multi-state movement model and to estimate temporally explicit habitat suitability within the species’ range. We simulated migratory movements between range fragments, and calculated a measure we called route viability. The results are compared to expectations derived from published literature.ResultsSimulated migrations matched empirical trajectories in key characteristics such as stopover duration. The viability of the simulated trajectories was similar to that of the empirical trajectories. We found that, overall, the migratory connectivity was higher within the breeding than in wintering areas, corresponding to previous findings for this species.ConclusionsWe show how empirical tracking data and environmental information can be fused for meaningful predictions of animal movements throughout the year and even outside the spatial range of the available data. Beyond predicting connectivity, our framework will prove useful for modelling ecological processes facilitated by animal movement, such as seed dispersal or disease ecology.
Modeling Dynamic Transcriptional Circuits with CRISPRi
Authors: Clamons Samuel , Murray Richard M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTargeted transcriptional repression with catalytically inactive Cas9 (CRISPRi) promises to reproduce the functions of traditional synthetic transcriptional circuits, but with better orthogonality, programmability, and extensibility. However, CRISPRi lacks obvious cooperativity–a feature classically considered critical for several classic gene regulatory circuits. We use a simple dynamical model of CRISPRi to show that it can be used to build repressilators, toggle switches, and incoherent feed-forward loops. We also show that the function some of these circuits are expected to be sensitive to several key parameters, and we provide specifications for those parameters. Our modeling reveals key engineering requirements and considerations for the construction of dynamic CRISPRi circuits, and provides a roadmap for building those circuits.
Molecule guided laser ablation as a novel therapeutic strategy to control itch
Authors: Nocchi Linda , D’Attilia Mariangela , Roy Nainika , Dhandapani Rahul , Traista Andrei , Maffei Mariano , Castaldi Laura , Perlas Emerald , Heppenstall Paul A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractItch is a major symptom of many chronic skin diseases that can exacerbate inflammation by provoking excessive scratching and causing skin damage. Here we develop a novel technology to control itch through molecular guided delivery of a phototoxic agent and near infrared (IR) illumination of the skin. Exploiting the selective binding of the pruritogen Interleukin-31 to itch sensing cells, we generate an engineered IL31SNAPligand derivative (IL31K138A-SNAP) that binds to cells but does not evoke signaling or provoke scratching when injected in vivo. Conjugation of IL31K138A-SNAPto the photosensitizer IRDye®700DX phthalocyanine (IR700) and injection of the skin results in long-term reversal of scratching behavior evoked by IL31 upon near IR illumination. We further develop a topical preparation of IL31K138A-SNAP-IR700 that strikingly, reverses behavioral and dermatological indicators in mouse models of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and the genetic skin disease Familial Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis (FPLCA). We demonstrate that this therapeutic effect results from selective retraction of itch sensing neurons in the skin, breaking the cycle of itch and disruption of the skin’s barrier function. Thus, molecule guided photoablation is a powerful new technology for controlling itch and treating inflammatory skin diseases.