bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No such thing as a free meal: organotin transfer across the freshwater–terrestrial interface
Authors: Laws Jacob , Heppell Kate , Sheahan Dave , Liu Chien‐fan , Grey Jonathan 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Emergent aquatic insects can represent an important subsidy to terrestrial ecosystems but may also transport accumulated contaminants across ecosystem boundaries when larvae develop in contaminated sediments.

We sampled tetragnathid spiders (terrestrial predators), larval chironomids (spider prey of aquatic origin) and terrestrial insects (terrestrial prey) from two contaminated and two control sites in the Norfolk Broads (U.K.) to determine whether the organotin compound tributyltin (TBT) is transferred by emergent aquatic insects. TBT, a biocide in antifoulant paints, was prohibited in the U.K. in 1987 and globally since 2008 but persists in sediments for decades. Combining stable‐isotope analyses commonly used in ecology with ecotoxicological methods enabled us to test whether aquatic subsidies could transport organotin to terrestrial predators.

Stable‐isotope mixing models (δ15N and δ13C) indicated that chironomids contributed 31–98% to spider biomass. Subsequent organotin analyses revealed consistent, low‐level butyltin (dibutyltin; DBT) contamination of chironomids from the most contaminated site but not from the other three sites. Spiders from the most contaminated site had DBT concentrations similar to those of their chironomid prey.

To assess bioaccumulation, we used δ15N values as a proxy for trophic position of sediments, chironomids and spiders, and correlated these values with the respective DBT concentrations. Notwithstanding indications of 15N‐enrichment along this short food chain, chironomid DBT concentrations were significantly greater than those of their spider predators. Biota sediment accumulation factors (sediments to chironomids) and biomagnification factors (chironomids to spiders) were below the thresholds defining the occurrence of bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

Although biomagnification was not detected, it is of concern that butyltins are still present in freshwater food webs c. 25 years since last known TBT use in the U.K., and continue to be transferred to terrestrial consumers.
The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States
Authors: Clark James S. , Iverson Louis , Woodall Christopher W. , Allen Craig D. , Bell David M. , Bragg Don C. , D'Amato Anthony W. , Davis Frank W. , Hersh Michelle H. , Ibanez Ines , Jackson Stephen T. , Matthews Stephen , Pederson Neil , Peters Matthew , Schwartz Mark W. , Waring Kristen M. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe synthesize insights from current understanding of drought impacts at stand‐to‐biogeographic scales, including management options, and we identify challenges to be addressed with new research. Large stand‐level shifts underway in western forests already are showing the importance of interactions involving drought, insects, and fire. Diebacks, changes in composition and structure, and shifting range limits are widely observed. In the easternUS, the effects of increasing drought are becoming better understood at the level of individual trees, but this knowledge cannot yet be confidently translated to predictions of changing structure and diversity of forest stands. While eastern forests have not experienced the types of changes seen in western forests in recent decades, they too are vulnerable to drought and could experience significant changes with increased severity, frequency, or duration in drought. Throughout the continental United States, the combination of projected large climate‐induced shifts in suitable habitat from modeling studies and limited potential for the rapid migration of tree populations suggests that changing tree and forest biogeography could substantially lag habitat shifts already underway. Forest management practices can partially ameliorate drought impacts through reductions in stand density, selection of drought‐tolerant species and genotypes, artificial regeneration, and the development of multistructured stands. However, silvicultural treatments also could exacerbate drought impacts unless implemented with careful attention to site and stand characteristics. Gaps in our understanding should motivate new research on the effects of interactions involving climate and other species at the stand scale and how interactions and multiple responses are represented in models. This assessment indicates that, without a stronger empirical basis for drought impacts at the stand scale, more complex models may provide limited guidance.
Comparing thermal tolerance across contrasting landscapes: first steps towards understanding how landscape management could modify ectotherm thermal tolerance
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , van Baaren Joan , Burel Françoise , Alford Lucy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInsects are highly dependent on ambient temperatures to ensure their biological functions. Their persistence in the environment and their resistance to unfavourable temperatures are governed by their physiological thermal tolerance.Global change extends beyond climatic conditions to encompass modifications to the landscape. Studies of climate change and landscape composition effects on ecosystem services, such as biological control, are commonly performed independently. Moreover, coarse scales are not always relevant when assessing climate change's impacts on ectotherms. We aimed to better understand the ecological relationships that may exist between microclimatic variation and insect thermal tolerance across a landscape composition gradient.To determine how landscape composition may impact insect thermal tolerance, parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids were sampled along a landscape gradient from ‘closed’ to ‘open’ habitats. Sampling was performed during the winter 2013/14 and spring 2014 in cereal fields of Brittany, France. Meteorological data were recorded along this gradient.First, our results show an influence of landscape composition on local microclimate. Additionally, parasitoids from open landscapes had a higher tolerance to low temperatures, leading to higher physiological costs, compared with parasitoids from closed landscapes. This trend was stronger in winter than in spring.These results have numerous implications in the context of climate change, suggesting that targeted landscape management practices could create sheltered microclimatic areas that reduce the physiological costs of thermal tolerance and promote the persistence of biological control agents.
Broad‐spectrum inhibition of proteolytic enzymes by allicin and application in mitigating textural deterioration of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets
Authors: Ge Lihong , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Xiaoqing , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of allicin on proteolytic enzymes and textural deterioration of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets was investigated. The results of in vitro study showed that allicin inhibited the activity of cathepsin B, L and D, calpain and collagenase in crude extract of grass carp muscle. Among endogenous enzymes, cathepsin B, L and collagenase were the most susceptible to allicin. Proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins by either crude enzyme or cathepsin B and L was almost prevented by allicin when employed at a concentration higher than 100 mm. After storage of 21 days, shear force of fillets treated with allicin at 10–100 mm was 39–51% higher than that of control. Myofibrillar proteins of fillets during storage were well protected against degradation when allicin concentration increased to 100 mm, as evidenced by SDS‐PAGE. Therefore, allicin could be a potential broad‐spectrum inhibitor to retard softening of fish fillets via mitigating myofibrillar proteolysis by endogenous enzymes especially cathepsin B and L during ice‐storage.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) shell: an alternative source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Necochea Ornella , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David 
Published: February 2016

SummarySacha inchi seed (SI) is known as a rich source of oil with high content of polyunsaturared fatty acids of the ω‐3 and ω‐6 type (~85% of total fatty acids). However, few studies have focused on the use of by‐products from the seed. The aim of this study was to characterise the main phenolic families present in SI shell and to evaluate the best extraction solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds (PC) and antioxidant capacity (AOXC). The PC content corresponded to 74.5 ± 5.1 mg g−1 of which 93.1% were condensed tannins and the remaining compounds corresponded to free and bound phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids and flavanoids. Protocatechic and p‐coumaric acids but also hydroxycinammic acid derivatives of ferulic and o‐coumaric type and lignan derivatives were identified. Acetone containing solvents favoured the extraction of higher amounts of total PC and AOXC. This study highlights the potential use of SI shell as a novel and alternative source of PC antioxidants for the nutraceutical and/or functional food industries.
Antimicrobial activity of eucalyptus essential oil against Pseudomonas in vitro and potential application in refrigerated storage of pork meat
Authors: Lu Hao , Shao Xingfeng , Cao Jinxun , Ou Changrong , Pan Daodong 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of eucalyptus essential oil (EO) on the Pseudomonas in vitro and application in the pork meat. Eucalyptus oil showed the greatest antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas among five EOs (tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, clove oil, mentha oil and garlic oil) in vitro. Eucalyptus oil treatment caused the increasing of membrane permeability and the modifications of ultrastructure and morphology of Pseudomonas spp. and P. aeruginosa. Treatment of refrigerated pork with eucalyptus oil led to a significant decrease P. spp. count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen and 2‐thiobarbituric acid values, as well as higher sensory scores of custom acceptance than those in control at the end of cold storage. It was conclude that eucalyptus EO is a potential alternative to chemical treatment to control the spoilage and extend the shelf life of refrigerated pork meat.
Effects of silica gel on reduction in gluten during several beer brewing stages
Authors: Benítez Elisa I. , Acquisgrana María R. , Peruchena Nélida M. , Sosa Gladis L. , Lozano Jorge E. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBeer is an alcoholic beverage made with barley as a basic raw material, and therefore, it is not suitable for people with coeliac disease. During the brewing process, the elimination of the haze‐active precursor is performed at the stabilisation stage. Some breweries use silica gel (SG) as stabilisation precursor. This work presents the studies conducted to identify the stage where the addition of SG is more convenient in order to reduce gluten, and the effect on the yeast nutritional value due its incorporation. The incorporation of SG during fermentation allows the reduction in more gluten than the others brewery stages studied, without changing significantly the yeast nutritional value of beer. Furthermore, the use of SG promotes the reduction in polysaccharides which obstruct filtration.
Maternity staff perspectives regarding resource demands of breastfeeding supportive practices in accordance with the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative accreditation: a Q methodology approach
Authors: Huang Chiu‐Mieh , Hung Wei‐Shu , Lai Jung‐Nien , Kao Yu‐Hsiu , Wang Ching‐Ling , Guo Jong‐Long 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo explore the resource demands of implementing the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative among maternity staff.BackgroundImplementing the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative is the most recognized global strategy for ensuring that hospital routines support breastfeeding. The maternity services of Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative accredited hospitals are evaluated according to the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.DesignQ methodology was applied to investigate the perspectives of 60 maternity staff in Northern Taiwan.MethodsData were collected from May ‐ December 2014. An online Q‐sort platform was designed for the participants to perform sorting. The Q‐sorts were subjected to factor analysis by using PQ Method software. Factors were extracted using principal component analysis with a varimax rotation. A combination of eigenvalues and a scree plot were employed to determine the number of retained factors.ResultsFour factors retained in the final model accounted for 56% of the total variance: (1) emphasis on implementing an institutional policy; (2) emphasis on providing supportive practices for breastfeeding mothers; (3) emphasis on establishing continual breastfeeding support; and (4) emphasis on managing breastfeeding supportive practices concerning a designated time period. The participants that were associated with Factors 1 and 3 emphasized the necessity of allocating resources to Steps 1, 2 and 10 of the Ten Steps. The participants associated with Factors 2 and 4 emphasized allocating resources to Steps 2–5 and 7.ConclusionsThis study revealed the various perspectives of maternity staff regarding the resource demands of implementing the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative. These perspectives may serve as a reference for decision‐makers in prioritizing resource allocation.
Stable Casein‐Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Complexes at Low pH
Authors: Ye Ran , Cheng Qunkang , Cai Jianchao , Feng Tao , Wang Guanyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effect of pH at acidic pH range on the stability of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and casein complexes was studied. Results suggested the occurrence of clear and transparent appearance of HPC‐casein complexes at pH 2.5 and 3. After storage for 3 weeks, the complexes maintained the excellent stability, as HPC molecules attached onto the surfaces of casein micelles through electrostatic interactions with strong positive charges resulted in an interparticle electrostatic repulsion, thereby preventing aggregation. The particle size, zeta potential analysis, turbidity, the protein concentration and viscosity confirmed the hypothesis. In addition, microscopic images revealed that the polysaccharide (HPC) particles adsorbed onto the surfaces of casein micelles, and casein‐HPC complexes were uniformly dispersed in the system. Moreover, the effects of the ionic strength on the stability of the complex were investigated. It was indicated that the particle size of casein‐HPC complexes at low concentration (2 mM) of NaCl remained the identical level (P > 0.05), while the particle sizes significantly were increasing at the relatively higher concentrations (50 mM and 100 mM) of NaCl (P < 0.05).Practical ApplicationsIn this study, the casein‐HPC complexes at different pH values in aqueous systems were investigated. The results illustrate that the stable casein‐HPC complexes could be formed at low pH and the stability could be maintained over the duration of 3 weeks. The findings in this study would contribute to the production of acidified milk drinks in food industry.
Plain water consumption in relation to energy intake and diet quality among US adults, 2005–2012
Authors: An R. , ‎McCaffrey J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined plain water consumption in relation to energy intake and diet quality among US adults.MethodsA nationally representative sample of 18 311 adults aged ≥18 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012, was analysed. The first‐difference estimator approach addressed confounding bias from time‐invariant unobservables (e.g. eating habits, taste preferences) by using within‐individual variations in diet and plain water consumption between two nonconsecutive 24‐h dietary recalls.ResultsOne percentage point increase in the proportion of daily plain water in total dietary water consumption was associated with a reduction in mean (95% confidence interval) daily total energy intake of 8.58 (7.87–9.29) kcal, energy intake from sugar‐sweetened beverages of 1.43 (1.27–1.59) kcal, energy intake from discretionary foods of 0.88 (0.44–1.32) kcal, total fat intake of 0.21 (0.17–0.25) g, saturated fat intake of 0.07 (0.06–0.09) g, sugar intake of 0.74 (0.67–0.82) g, sodium intake of 9.80 (8.20–11.39) mg and cholesterol intake of 0.88 (0.64–1.13) g. The effects of plain water intake on diet were similar across race/ethnicity, education attainment, income level and body weight status, whereas they were larger among males and young/middle‐aged adults than among females and older adults, respectively. Daily overall diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index‐2010 was not found to be associated with the proportion of daily plain water in total dietary water consumption.ConclusionsPromoting plain water intake could be a useful public health strategy for reducing energy and targeted nutrient consumption in US adults, which warrants confirmation in future controlled interventions.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in twelve baboons (Papio spp.)
Authors: Owston M.A. , LaRue M.K. , Dick E.J. , Ambrus A. , Porter B.F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare in nonhuman primates and in humans.MethodsTwenty‐one PNETs from twelve female baboons (Papio spp.) from the Southwest National Primate Research Center were evaluated using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsHistologically, all tumors were benign and had neuroendocrine packeting. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin was positive in all tumors evaluated (17/17). Insulin was positive in 16 of 21 tumors. Somatostatin was positive in 9 of 20 tumors. Multifocal staining for glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide was evident in a minority of tumors (6/20 and 2/17, respectively). Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were negative in all tumors evaluated. Nine tumors expressed more than one hormone marker.ConclusionsThis is the first detailed pathologic study of pancreatic endocrine tumors in the baboon. The findings suggest that these tumors are generally benign and have similar morphologic and immunohistochemical features as those described in people, including the ability to express multiple hormones.
LRRK2 pathobiology in Parkinson's disease – virtual inclusion
Authors: Martin Ian , Kim Jungwoo Wren , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA common cause of Parkinson disease are missense mutations in the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) catalytic Roc‐COR domain, leading to a decrease in GTPase activity; and its kinase domain, leading to an increase in kinase activity and subsequent LRRK2 toxicity. Targeting LRRK2 with selective, brain‐permeable kinase inhibitors is a promising approach to reduce toxicity, and thus is a major goal of clinical development. Understanding the specific signaling cascades triggered by LRRK2 mutations will be key to this aim.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Influence of home care services on caregivers' burden and satisfaction
Authors: Kim Eun‐Young , Yeom Hyun‐E 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the factors affecting the burden and satisfaction of family caregivers, focusing on the beneficial impacts of home care service use.BackgroundLong‐term care for older patients is a multifaceted process that brings both burden and satisfaction to family caregivers. It is expected that home care services offered by the Korean long‐term care insurance may contribute to decreasing the burden of family caregivers and enhancing their satisfaction by assisting with practical caregiving tasks.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 157 family caregivers was recruited from five home care service agencies in South Korea. Information about the caregivers, caregiving history, older care recipients and use of home care services was assessed. The effects of home care service use on caregiving burden and satisfaction were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analyses after adjusting for the characteristics of the caregivers, caregiving history and older care recipients.ResultsThere was no significant influence of home care service use on reducing caregiving burden or on increasing caregivers' satisfaction. Although several factors were associated with caregiving burden and satisfaction, family functioning was the most unique factor to significantly affect both caregiving burden and satisfaction.ConclusionsHome care services might not automatically have a positive impact on caregivers' burden and satisfaction, but maintaining healthy family functioning is an important issue for family caregivers. The findings highlight the important need to reconsider ways to provide home care services and to develop nursing interventions to reinforce supportive family functioning.Relevance to clinical practicePractical strategies for providing home care services should be developed through a concrete assessment of the family dynamics and the needs of family caregivers. Health professionals should play a pivotal role in performing the assessment and in developing interventions to strengthen supportive family functioning.
Good‐Specific Habit Formation and the Cross‐Section of Expected Returns
Authors: BINSBERGEN JULES H. VAN 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTI study asset prices in a general equilibrium framework in which agents form habits over individual varieties of goods rather than over an aggregate consumption bundle. Goods are produced by monopolistically competitive firms whose elasticities of demand depend on consumers' habit formation. Firms that produce goods with a high habit level relative to consumption have low demand elasticities, set high prices for their product, have low expected returns on their stock, and have low asset pricing betas and stock return volatilities. I find supportive evidence for these predictions in the data.
Feeling Closer to the Future Self and Doing Better: Temporal Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Academic Performance
Authors: Adelman Robert Mark , Herrmann Sarah D. , Bodford Jessica E. , Barbour Joseph E. , Graudejus Oliver , Okun Morris A. , Kwan Virginia S. Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research examined the function of future self‐continuity and its potential downstream consequences for academic performance through relations with other temporal psychological factors and self‐control. We also addressed the influence of cultural factors by testing whether these relations differed by college generation status. Undergraduate students enrolled at a large public university participated in two studies (Study 1: N = 119, Mage = 20.55, 56.4% women; Study 2: N = 403, Mage = 19.83, 58.3% women) in which they completed measures of temporal psychological factors and psychological resources. In Study 2, we also obtained academic records to link responses to academic performance. Future self‐continuity predicted subsequent academic performance and was related positively to future focus, negatively to present focus, and positively to self‐control. Additionally, the relation between future focus and self‐control was stronger for continuing‐generation college students than first‐generation college students. Future self‐continuity plays a pivotal role in academic contexts. Findings suggest that it may have positive downstream consequences on academic achievement by directing attention away from the present and toward the future, which promotes self‐control. Further, the strategy of focusing on the future may be effective in promoting self‐control only for certain cultural groups.