bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dynamics and Uptake by Wheat Grown in Drained Prairie Soils under Three Moisture Scenarios
Authors: Brown Robin L. , Hangs Ryan , Schoenau Jeff , Bedard-Haughn Angela 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Nutrient fate and form was investigated in drained soils under various moisture scenarios.
Drained soils had greater aboveground biomass and N and P uptake than undrained soils.
Mineralization and water holding capacity appeared to affect nutrient losses.
In semiarid and sub‐humid Saskatchewan, Canada, there is growing interest in draining depressional areas within the landscape (prairie potholes) despite a clear understanding of the potential nutrient loss to nearby water sources. Nutrient fate and form can vary greatly depending on soil moisture regime; the aim of this study was to determine how drainage duration affects the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and mobility under varying moisture levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using four depressional soils from south‐eastern Saskatchewan, which had been drained for 0, 14, 20, and 42 yr, and one undrained midslope soil for comparison. The potted soils were seeded with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), three different moisture scenarios applied, and leachate was collected weekly. Drained soils had greater aboveground biomass and N and P plant uptake compared with undrained soil. These differences were most pronounced in the 20 yr drained soil, which had a 30% increase in growth, 45% greater N uptake, and 62% greater P uptake than the undrained soil. Nitrogen mineralization and water holding capacity appeared to affect nutrient losses. The soil that contributed the most to nutrient losses varied under different moisture scenarios; low water holding capacity contributed to nutrient leaching under lower moisture scenarios, whereas enhanced mineralization increased losses under above‐average moisture.
Pedotransfer Functions of Soil Thermal Conductivity for the Textural Classes Sand, Silt, and Loam
Authors: Markert A. , Bohne K. , Facklam M. , Wessolek G. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
The work describes the estimation of soil thermal conductivity (λ) from easily available soil data.
Measured high‐resolution λ(θ) data were used to improve the accuracy of the model of Lu et al. (2014).
Reliable pedotransfer functions estimated soil thermal conductivity of classes Sand, Silt and Loam.
Good quality λ data need precise, quantitative measurements and accurate, model‐based estimations.
Data of soil thermal conductivity (λ) covering the whole range of soil water content (θ) are needed in many environmental disciplines. However, laboratory measurements of λ(θ) are time consuming and costly. Therefore the use of pedotransfer functions is promising. In this study, we describe the procedure of deriving such λ(θ) pedotransfer functions for the FAO texture groups (TG) of Sand, Silt and Loam. First, high‐resolution λ(θ) measurements from saturation to dryness of 43 soils were conducted by two laboratory methods: the evaporation approach and single‐point measurements of λ at distinct water contents. Measurements were obtained for a set of sandy, silty, loamy, and clayey soils, and for two urban soils and two peat soils. The slope and magnitude of the λ(θ) curves show typical dependencies on bulk density (ρb) and soil texture. In a second step, the λ(θ) data were used to evaluate the λ(θ) model as suggested by Lu et al. (2014). Fitting this model to the complete data set yielded a poor agreement with RMSE = 0.53 W m‐1 K‐1. However, satisfying results were obtained by dividing the data into TGs Sand, Silt and Loam resulting in RMSEs of 0.18, 0.11 and 0.24 W m‐1 K‐1, respectively. Estimated λ values at low soil moisture (wilting point) were hardly different among texture classes, but λ differences become highly relevant when soil moisture increased to field capacity. The derived pedotransfer functions are an easy‐to‐use approach providing reliable λ(θ) curves for sandy, silty and loamy soils, when only basic soil information (texture and bulk density) are available.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Perspectives from Brazil
Authors: Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Cavalcante Ricardo de Souza , Marques Sílvio Alencar , Marques Mariângela Esther Alencar , Venturini James , Sylvestre Tatiane Fernanda , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda , Pereira Ana Carla , da Silva Julhiany de Fátima , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic , Bosco Sandra de Moraes Gimenes , Bagagli Eduardo , Hahn Rosane Christine , Levorato Adriele Dandara 
Published: November 2017

Background:This review article summarizes and updates the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis.P lutziiand the cryptic species ofP. brasiliensisand their geographical distribution in Latin America, explaining the difficulties observed in the serological diagnosis.Objectives:Emphasis has been placed on some genetic factors as predisposing condition for paracoccidioidomycosis. Veterinary aspects were focused, showing the wide distribution of infection among animals. The cell-mediated immunity was better characterized, incorporating the recent findings.Methods:Serological methods for diagnosis were also compared for their parameters of accuracy, including the analysis of relapse.Results:Clinical forms have been better classified in order to include the pictures less frequently observesiod.Conclusion:Itraconazole and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was compared regarding efficacy, effectiveness and safety, demonstrating that azole should be the first choice in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase the Phenolic Compounds Concentration in the Bark of the Stem of Libidibia Ferrea in Field Conditions
Authors: Santos Emanuela Lima dos , Alves da Silva Francineyde , Barbosa da Silva Fábio Sérgio 
Published: November 2017

Background:

Libidibia ferrea is a species particular to the caatinga presenting medicinal properties for containing bioactive compounds. The use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) can increase the production of biomolecules in the legume leaves; however, no light has been shed on the role of symbiosis in maximizing metabolites production in the bark of L. ferrea stem.

Objective:
The aim was to select AMF that are efficient at increasing the production of phenolic compounds with medicinal properties in the bark of the L. ferrea stem.

Methods:
The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four inoculation treatments (plants pre-inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum, with Gigaspora albida, with Acaulospora longula, and non-inoculated plants – control) with six repetitions. Thirteen months after the transplanting, the plants were pruned and the bark of the stem was collected; subsequently, this plant material was dried in a chamber. After the drying process, fractions of the bark of the stem were macerated in methanol. The extracts were further used for analyses of the biomolecules.

Results:
The flavonoids concentration had an increase of, respectively, 236% and 186% in relation to the control for the treatments with A. longula and C. etunicatum; plants inoculated with A. longula had an increase of 47% in total tannins concentration compared with the non-inoculated control – a benefit that the proanthocyanidins did not present.

Conclusion:
Applying inoculation with A. longula may be an alternative to increase the production of biomolecules of the secondary metabolism in the bark of the L. ferrea stem in field conditions.
A Case of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Ganglion of the Knee
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Kimura Masashi , Ohsawa Takashi , Yamaguchi Naoki , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: November 2017

Introduction:
A ganglion cyst can induce symptoms around the knee and should be considered as an intra-articular mass in differential diagnosis.

Case Presentation:
A 22-year-old female presented with a persistent medial knee joint pain in her left knee for 2 years. There was soft tissue swelling on the anteromedial aspect of the infrapatellar region on her left knee. Lachman and McMurray tests were negative. MRI showed a multilobular cyst in the infrapatellar fat pad with T1 low intensity and T2 STIR high intensity. The cyst was not attached to either meniscus. ACL and PCL looked normal.
During surgery, the cyst was found to arise from the intra-patellar fat pad and was not attached to the menisci or synovium. The cyst was completely resected.
Histological findings showed a multilobular cyst with a glassy fibrous tissue wall and clear jelly-like consistency, confirming the diagnosis of a ganglion. The patient recovered asymptomatically and has been without recurrence 7 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Differential diagnoses of an infrapatellar swelling are a meniscal cyst, synovial cyst, or ganglion. Most cases of cysts around the knee generate from fluid collection through meniscal tears. A ganglion cyst is a synovium-lined structure and is common around the wrist joint, but rare in the knee joint. A ganglion cyst in the knee joint often arises from ACL or PCL, but rarely arises from the infrapatellar fat pad. A ganglion cyst is one of the differential diagnoses of parameniscal cysts around the knee. We recommended an open resection with arthroscopic examination.
The Dislocated Hip Hemiarthroplasty: Current Concepts of Etiological factors and Management
Authors: Jones Carl , Briffa Nikolai , Jacob Joshua , Hargrove Richard 
Published: November 2017

Background:Hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) following an intracapsular neck of femur fracture is an increasingly common procedure as a result of an ageing population. Patients are often frail and so morbidity and mortality figures are significant. As a result the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has formulated guidelines and a Best Practice Tariff (BPT) in an attempt to improve the care of such patients. Dislocation following HA is a potentially devastating complication with a reported incidence ranging from 1 to 15%. Multiple causative factors have been cited and studied in an effort to reduce the incidence of this complication which has a high rate of recurrence following the first episode and is associated with a high mortality rate and significant financial burden on the health economy. This paper reviews the available literature in an effort to identify the most pertinent factors affecting dislocation rates and thus reduce the incidence of this serious complication.Methods:A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using the search engine PubMed with the keywords ‘hip’, ‘hemiarthroplasty’ and ‘dislocation’. Two hundred and forty three articles were identified and assessed by the 3 authors independently. Data from fifty-two articles pertinent to the review on hemiarthroplasty dislocation epidemiology, risk factors and management were extracted in a standardised fashion.Results:Following review of the papers multiple causative factors relating to HA dislocation were identified and grouped into 4 broad categories for analysis. The factors with the strongest correlation with dislocation included patient cognition, previous failed surgery, delay to surgery, surgical approach and femoral offset.Conclusion:Hip hemiarthroplasty remains the gold standard for elderly patients with intracapsular neck of femur fractures. In each individual case the factors most strongly associated with postoperative dislocation should be recognised. Delays to surgery should be minimised and the posterior approach avoided. In addition to good surgical technique, particular attention should be paid to restoring the patient’s native femoral offset and post operatively those with cognitive impairment should be closely monitored.
Marine Streptomyces Sp. VITMK1 Derived Pyrrolo [1, 2-A] Pyrazine-1, 4-Dione, Hexahydro-3-(2-Methylpropyl) and Its Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Manimaran Manickavelu , Kannabiran Krishnan 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Free radical generation has been proved to be responsible for various cellular diseases. It is necessary to combat free radicals using antioxidants derived from natural sources.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 isolated from mangrove sediment soil collected from Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods:
The antioxidant potential of pyrrolo [1, 2-A] pyrazine-1, 4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) (diketopiperazine) extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 was studied using reducing power assay. The scavenging of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitric oxide (NO) radical by the compound was also studied. The cytotoxic activity of the compound on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was studied using MTT cell viability assay.

Results:
The compound exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (72.48±0.32% at 500 µg/mL) and NO radical scavenging activity (73.03±1.02% at 500 µg/mL). MTT cell viability assay revealed that the compound exhibited concentration-dependent cell viability and was observed to be 92% at 125 µg/mL concentration.

Conclusion:
The antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 can be probed further to establish its radical scavenging activity.
Monochloramine Loss Mechanisms in Tap Water
Authors: Zhang Qianyi , Davies Evan G. R. , Bolton James , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: Chloramination has been widely applied for drinking water disinfection, with monochloramine (NH2Cl) the dominant chloramine species. However, under neutral pH, NH2Cl can autodecompose and react with chemical components in drinking water, thus decreasing disinfection efficiency. In tap water, the NH2Cl loss rate can be influenced by temperature, pH, Cl/N molar ratio, the initial NH2Cl concentration, and the natural organic matter (NOM) concentration. A good prediction of NH2Cl loss can assist in the operation of drinking water treatment plants. In this research, a kinetic rate constant )and a reactive site fraction (S = 0.43 ± 0.06) for the reaction between free chlorine released from NH2Cl autodecoposition and tap water NOM were derived from a kinetic model to predict the NH2Cl loss under various conditions. A temperature‐dependent model was also developed. The model predictions match well with the experimental results, which demonstrates the validity of the model and provides a convenient and accurate method for NH2Cl loss calculations.
A Nanofiltration Decision Tool for Potable Reuse: A New Rejection Model for Recalcitrant CECs
Authors: Jones Steven M. , Watts Michael J. , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: Effluent samples from three water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) were individually characterized for presence and concentration of 94 different chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), using analytical methods with reporting limits in the low‐parts‐per‐trillion. Following CEC analysis, each sample was subjected to dead‐end, pressurized membrane filtration with either a nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The majority of the measured CECs were rejected by both membranes by 1‐log removal (90%) or greater. However, nine of the 94 CECs had average rejection rates by the NF membrane less than 90%. A multilevel, multivariable model was developed to predict the probable rejection coefficients of CECs with the studied NF membrane. The resulting Quantitative Molecular Properties Model (QMPM) predicted the NF rejection of CECs based on size, ionic charge, and hydrophobicity. The model parameters that successfully predicted NF rejection in bench testing were log (Kow/Kaw) and the polar surface area of the CEC molecule.
Use of Multiple Data Assimilation Techniques in Groundwater Contaminant Transport Modeling
Authors: Rajib Amirul Islam , Assumaning Godwin Appiah , Chang Shoou‐Yuh , Addai Elvis Boamah 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: Groundwater contamination assessment can be useful in taking proper actions during environmental emergency. A three‐dimensional deterministic model was taken into consideration to simulate the advective‐diffusive transport of non‐conservative contaminant in groundwater. Multiple stochastic data assimilation techniques, such as, ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), and the global form of the LETKF, denoted as GETKF were applied to the model. The results show that data assimilation improved contaminant concentration prediction. The EnKF method reduced the root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) of the contaminant prediction from 12.5 mg/L to 1.31 mg/L, whereas the LETKF reduced that to 0.46 mg/L and GETKF reduced that to 0.38 mg/L. Approximately 89.48%, 96.30% and 96.82% improvement were made by EnKF, LETKF, and GETKF, respectively. The sensitivity analysis suggest that these data assimilation techniques are very sensitive to the observation noise, process noise, and ensemble size.
Screening and Degradation Mechanism of a Cold‐Resistant Nitrobenzene‐Degrading Microorganism
Authors: Qiu Liping , Wang Hu , Wang Xuntao 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: A cold‐resistant nitrobenzene‐degrading strain was screened from river sediment. The strain was identified as Methylobacillus glycogens, which has never been reported to be capable of degrading nitrobenzene. The degradation rates of 900 μg/L nitrobenzene reached respectively 99.3% and 88.6% in 144 h under both aerobic and anaerobic environments (30 mL inoculation volume at 12 ± 0.5 °C and pH7.0 ± 0.1). When aerobically degraded, nitrobenzene was firstly oxidized into o‐nitrophenol, which was further oxidized into 1,2‐benzenediol, meanwhile releasing NO2−. Then the 1,2‐benzenediol was metabolized through either the ortho‐cleavage into succinic acid and acetyl‐CoA, or meta‐cleavage into pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde, as well as other small molecule substances of non‐toxicity or low‐toxicity, which were finally decomposed into CO2 and H2O. When anaerobically degraded, nitrobenzene was firstly degraded into aniline (C6H5NH2), which was further degraded into 4‐amino benzoic acid. The benzoic acid was degraded into benzoyl, which was finally metabolized and decomposed.
Rethinking the Mechanisms of Biological Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Barnard James L. , Dunlap Patrick , Steichen Mark 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was observed in high‐rate, non‐nitrifying plants in the United States that were operated in a plug‐flow mode. In facilities designed for nitrification and denitrification, a first‐stage anaerobic zone, free of nitrate and nitrite was needed to accomplish EBPR, and this is referred to as the Phoredox (a.k.a. the AO and A2O) process. When a biological mechanism responsible for EBPR was proposed, these treatment configurations were accepted as normal practice, but many later observations showed that more reliable phosphorus removal could be achieved with alternative configurations. This paper discusses the development of alternative configurations for EBPR and the likelihood that a host of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that react to different environmental conditions might play a much bigger role in reliable and sustainable biological phosphorus removal. The conclusion is that conventional designs might have inadvertently selected for less efficient PAOs, while alternative configurations allowed for the growth of multiple PAO species such as Tetrasphaera, which can ferment higher carbon forms and take up phosphorus under anoxic conditions.
Dos novelas didácticas de Jaime Colson
Authors: Di Pietro Giovanni 
Published: November 2017

Este textto de Giovanni Di Pietro abarca las dos novelas didacticas de Jaime Colson: El maestro del vale (Ciudad Trujillo: Montalvo, 1951) y Las dos aldeas (ivi, 1954), son novelas preocupadas por el desarrollo de la sociedad dominicana, es decir, didacticas, como el titulo lo sugiere.
Auditors' Strategic Audit Pricing: Evidence from the Pre- and Post-IFRS Periods
Authors: Choi Sunhwa , Choi Youn-Sik , Kim Bum-Joon 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARY
This study examines the audit pricing by the auditor of a parent company (i.e., principal auditor) when other independent auditors that are not affiliated with the principal auditor (i.e., other auditors) are involved in the audit of the group financial statements. Using Korean data, we find that audit fees charged to the parent company by the principal auditor are negatively associated with the proportion of total assets or sales of subsidiaries audited by other auditors in the pre-IFRS period. This finding is consistent with the argument that the principal auditor views subsidiaries audited by other auditors as a business opportunity to attract new clients, and thus offers fee discounts to its client. However, in the post-IFRS period, this negative relation between audit fees and the involvement of other auditors becomes insignificant or positive, suggesting that IFRS adoption restricts auditors' strategic behavior in audit pricing because IFRS adoption increases the audit complexity and risk associated with the involvement of other auditors.
Analisis Sebaran Butiran Agregat Tanah, Sebaran Butir Primer Tanah, dan Permeabilitas Tanah Pada Pabrik Teh
Authors: Pratama Irina Mei Risca , Yulianti Ian , Masturi Masturi 
Published: October 2017

Proses pembentukan tanah dimulai dari hasil pelapukan batuan induk (regolit) menjadi bahan induk tanah, diikuti oleh proses pencampuran bahan organik yaitu sisa-sisa tumbuhan yang dilapuk oleh mikroorganisme dengan bahan mineral dipermukaan tanah, pembentukan struktur tanah, pemindahan bahan-bahan tanah dari bagian atas ke bagian bawah dan berbagai proses lain, sehingga apabila kita menggali lubang pada tanah maka akan terlihat lapisan-lapisan tanah yang berbeda sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologinya, lapisan-lapisan inilah yang disebut dengan horizon tanah yang terbentuk dari mineral anorganik akar. Tumbuhan teh merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan pucuk (daun muda) tanaman teh, Produksi pengolahan teh hitam di PT. Pagilaran menggunakan sistem pengolahan orthodox rotorvane. Pembuangan limbah teh yang telah diproduksi dalam PT.Pagilaran beruba cairan yang dibuang didalam tanah. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji sebaran butiran agregat tanah yang dihasilkan adalah tanah berpasir dengan presentasi sebesar 59,34%, sebaran butir primer tanah dengan presentase lempung dan lanau sebesar 40,66%, pasir 59,34%, dan kerikil 0,00% karena ukuran butiran tidak lengkap dan hal itu menyebabkan butiran-butiran yang ada tidak saling mengisi dan menyebabkan adanya rongga, dan permeabilitas tanah tersebut termasuk dalam tanah pasir kelanauan hasil pembuangan pengolahan teh di PT.Pagilaran.