bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rola pokolenia Y w tworzeniu innowacji otwartych
Authors: Rynkiewicz Danuta 
Published: September 2017

Innowacje otwarte są pochodną rozwoju technologii, demokratyzacji informacji, powstania społeczeństw opartych na wiedzy. Przedsiębiorstwa samodzielnie, wewnątrz, nie są w stanie nadążyć za potrzebami rynków. A rynki, konsumenci i kontrahenci nie czekając, zaczęli sami tworzyć innowacyjne rozwiązania, które stały się przedmiotem obrotu na otwartym rynku innowacji, dla którego zasadnicze znaczenie ma czynnik ludzki, jego: zaufanie, otwartość, sprawna komunikacja, kooperacja, wiedza, ciekawość, tolerancja ryzyka i przedsiębiorczość (proinnowacyjny kapitał ludzki). Człowiek, jego wiedza, postawy, sposób myślenia i postępowania jest pochodną kultury społeczności, z której się wywodzi i w której funkcjonuje. Szczególną grupą społeczną połączoną wspólnymi, historycznie uwarunkowanymi cechami jest pokolenie. Pojawienie się pokolenia Y sprzyja rozwojowi innowacji otwartych w Polsce.
Acompanhamento de crianças expostas ao HIV materno no município de Canoas/RS
Authors: Burg Maria Renita , Andreazza Márcia , Silva Sinara Rocha e , Oliveira Maria Marilene Trindade de , Santos Simone dos , Raffo Neiva Isabel 
Published: September 2017

Objetivos: estimar a taxa de transmissão vertical do HIV em crianças residentes de Canoas/RS entre 2012 e 2013; e investigar dados sociodemográficos e de cuidados das crianças e mães no mesmo período. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo, formado por todos os 45 recém-nascidos vivos e expostos ao HIV, nascidos no período de junho de 2012 a dezembro de 2013, cujas mães foram acompanhadas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (SAE) de Canoas/RS, até a definição da sorologia para o HIV na criança. O cálculo da taxa de transmissão do HIV foi realizado com 41 crianças que tiveram efetivamente o resultado da exposição ao HIV materno. Resultados: a taxa de transmissão vertical do HIV foi de 4,88%, atribuída à baixa adesão de consultas de pré-natal, à interrupção do Antirretroviral profilático durante a gestação e ao uso de drogas ilícitas pelas mulheres. Conclusão: as informações advindas deste estudo permitirão aos gestores do município planejar intervenções que possam contribuir na erradicação da transmissão perinatal do HIV como forma de contágio.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem ao paciente hospitalizado para correção de aneurisma de aorta
Authors: Ribeiro Priscilla Veronica , Nogueira Paula Cristina , Poveda Vanessa de Brito 
Published: September 2017

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE) mais frequentes aos pacientes hospitalizados para correção de aneurisma de aorta, elencados pelos enfermeiros de uma instituição hospitalar especializada em doenças cardiovasculares, e descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico desses pacientes. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Foram revisados prontuários de 65 pacientes com diagnóstico de aneurisma de aorta. Os dados foram analisados de forma quantitativa empregando-se estatística descritiva. Resultados: a maioria dos indivíduos era do sexo masculino (69,2%), sedentários (83,1%) e hipertensos (56,9%). Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais prevalentes foram: Risco de infecção, Risco de constipação, Risco de privação do sono, Risco para débito cardíaco diminuído, Rompimento do vínculo familiar e Risco de queda. Considerações finais: para elencar DE fidedignos, o enfermeiro deve usar sua competência, habilidade e conhecimento técnico-científico para fixar prioridades condizentes com o estado presente de saúde do paciente e assim instituir intervenções assertivas e resolutivas.
Internal Deformation of Lithosphere Beneath Central Tibet
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhao Dapeng , Zhao Junmeng , Hu Zhaoguo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe use a large number of high‐quality P wave arrival time data recorded by the Hi‐CLIMB project to determine a 3‐D model of azimuthal anisotropy tomography beneath central Tibet. In the Himalayan block, variations of fast velocity orientation (FVO) are revealed from the crust to the upper mantle. In contrast, the FVO in the Lhasa block exhibits only a slight difference between the lower crust and upper mantle, reflecting a coherent deformation there. Different FVOs are revealed near the Bangong‐Nujiang suture, which may reflect anisotropies in different parts of the underthrusting Indian plate. In the upper mantle beneath the Qiangtang block, a strong anisotropy is revealed in the shallower part, whereas a weak anisotropy appears in the deeper part, suggesting that a two‐layer anisotropy model is applicable there. A layered lithosphere is detected in the eastern part of the Lhasa block, whereas a consistent FVO is revealed in its western part. Our results indicate that strong deformation has occurred in both the Indian and Eurasian lithospheres.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Mesoscale Eddies in the Sulu Sea
Authors: He Yinghui , Feng Ming , Xie Jieshuo , Liu Junliang , Chen Zhiwu , Xu Jiexin , Fang Wendong , Cai Shuqun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMesoscale eddies have been observed in the Sulu Sea, but their characteristics have not been well described. This study investigates the eddy population in the Sulu Sea using 22 years of satellite altimeter data with high spatiotemporal resolution. On average, there are approximately 1.6 eddies observed in the Sulu Sea each day and 1.8 eddy tracks generated each month. Two of the main eddy genesis regions are west of Negros Island and the Zamboanga Peninsula. The mean radius, lifespan and propagation speed of the eddies are 76.6 km, 32 days and 4.5 cm/s, respectively. The eddy radius and amplitude are generally large in the central Sulu Sea but small on its margin. The mean eddy kinetic energy and vorticity generally monotonically decrease from south to north, consistent with the distributions of background current kinetic energy. Over the seasonal cycle, there are more cyclonic eddies during boreal winter, and they tend to have a larger amplitude and radius than the other 3 seasons, while there are more anti‐cyclonic eddies during boreal summer, and they tend to have a larger amplitude and radius than the other 3 seasons. The instability of the mean current and the island gap wind jets are the two key eddy genesis mechanisms in the Sulu Sea.
Influence of Solar and Lunar Tides on the Mesopause Region as Observed in Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes Characteristics
Authors: Dalin P. , Kirkwood S. , Pertsev N. , Perminov V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLong‐term observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) from 2002 to 2012 are investigated with the aim to statistically study the effects of solar thermal migrating and lunar gravitational tides on aerosol layers and their environment at altitudes 80–90 km. The solar and lunar tidal periodicities are clearly present in PMSE data. For the first time, both amplitudes and phases of solar and lunar tides are estimated using PMSE data from the ESRAD radar located at Esrange (Sweden). The diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal solar migrating tides show pronounced periodicities in the PMSE strength and wind velocity components. Lunar tides demonstrate clear oscillations in the PMSE strength and wind velocities as well. “canonical” lunar gravitational tides, corresponding to the lunar gravitational potential, produce rather large amplitudes and are comparable to the solar thermal tides, whereas “noncanonical” lunar oscillations have minor effects on PMSE layers, but are still statistically significant. The influence of diurnal/semidiurnal tides and monthly/semimonthly tidal components is studied separately. Our estimations of solar thermal and lunar tidal amplitudes are in good agreement with those of previous model and experimental studies. A new mechanism of quadratic demodulation of the solar semidiurnal and lunar semidiurnal tides is shown to be valid at the summer mesopause and can explain periodical PMSE oscillations due to the lunar synodic semimonthly tide with period of 14.77 days. Two harmonics with periods of 27.0 and 13.5 days supposedly representing the solar rotation cycle are also clearly present in PMSE data.
The Impacts of Meteorology on the Seasonal and Interannual Variabilities of Ozone Transport From North America to East Asia
Authors: Zhu Ye , Liu Jane , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang , Han Han , Wang Hengmao , Chang Yi , Ding Ke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe transport of North American (NA) ozone to East Asia is investigated through the analysis of a 20 year simulation (1987–2006) using a global chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem) and forward trajectories during the 1990s at three NA sites. NA ozone mainly influences northern East Asia (> 30°N), where NA ozone in the free troposphere peaks in spring and fall (~12 ppbv). At the surface, NA ozone ranges from 2 to 7 ppbv and peaks in winter, ~50% of which is from the NA boundary layer. The seasonality of the imported NA ozone reflects the combined effects of meteorology and chemistry. In summer, NA ozone can be diverted from reaching East Asia by strong downdrafts behind the European trough. In winter, the prevailing monsoon climate in East Asia can boost downdrafts of NA ozone to the surface. In spring and fall, the westerlies are stronger and shift farther south than in summer, bring more NA ozone to the East Asian (EA) free troposphere than in summer. The imported NA ozone at the EA surface also varies with interannual meteorology. This interannual variation is found to closely correlate to the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The stronger the EAWM in a winter is, the stronger are the downdrafts bringing more NA ozone to the EA surface in that winter and the subsequent spring. Because the anthropogenic NA emissions have decreased since 1999, the year an emission inventory was used in the simulation, the simulated NA influence may serve as an upper limit.
Impacts of Initial Soil Moisture and Vegetation on the Diurnal Temperature Range in Arid and Semiarid Regions in China
Authors: Yuan Guanghui , Zhang Lei , Liang Jiening , Cao Xianjie , Guo Qi , Yang Zhaohong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo assess the impacts of initial soil moisture (SMOIS) and the vegetation fraction (Fg) on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) in arid and semiarid regions in China, three simulations using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model are conducted by modifying the SMOIS, surface emissivity and Fg. SMOIS affects the daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and daily minimum temperature (Tmin) by altering the distribution of available energy between sensible and latent heat fluxes during the day and by altering the surface emissivity at night. Reduced soil wetness can increase both the Tmax and Tmin, but the effect on the DTR is determined by the relative strength of the effects on Tmax and Tmin. Observational data from the Semi‐Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) and the Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station (SPD) suggest that the magnitude of the SMOIS effect on the distribution of available energy during the day is larger than that on surface emissivity at night. In other words, SMOIS has a negative effect on the DTR. Changes in Fg modify the surface radiation and the energy budget. Due to the depth of the daytime convective boundary layer, the temperature in daytime is affected less than in nighttime by the radiation and energy budget. Increases in surface emissivity and decreases in soil heating resulting from increased Fg mainly decrease Tmin, thereby increasing the DTR. The effects of SMOIS and Fg on both Tmax and Tmin are the same, but the effects on DTR are the opposite.
Optical Properties of Aerosols and Implications for Radiative Effects in Beijing During the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit 2014
Authors: Zhou Yaqing , Wang Qiyuan , Huang Rujin , Liu Suixin , Tie Xuexi , Su Xiaoli , Niu Xinyi , Zhao Zhuzi , Ni Haiyan , Wang Meng , Zhang Yonggang , Cao Junji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn intensive measurement campaign was conducted in Beijing during the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit 2014 to investigate the effectiveness of stringent emission controls on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing (DRF). Average values of PM2.5, light scattering (bscat), and light absorption (babs) coefficients decreased by 40, 64, and 56%, respectively, during the APEC control period compared with noncontrol periods. For the APEC control period, the PM2.5 mass scattering and absorption efficiencies were both smaller than the noncontrol period by a factor of ~2. Calculations based on a revised IMPROVE method and linear regression showed that sulfate, nitrate, organic matter, elemental carbon, and fine soil contributed comparably to the light extinction coefficient (bext) in both periods, but the bext values were 27–64% lower during the APEC period. A positive matrix factorization receptor model showed that bext from two secondary aerosol sources, biomass burning, traffic‐related emissions, and coal burning decreased by 26–87% during the APEC control period. The average DRF calculated from the Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model was −11.9 and −4.6 W m−2 at the surface during the noncontrol and APEC control periods, respectively, suggesting an overall cooling effect. The reduction of DRF from each emission source ranged from ~30–80% during the APEC control period. The results suggest that the pollution control measures implemented for APEC substantially reduced air pollution and could help mitigate the cooling effects of aerosols at the surface in Beijing.
Application of a PCA‐Based Fast Radiative Transfer Model to XCO2 Retrievals in the Shortwave Infrared
Authors: Somkuti P. , Boesch H. , Natraj V. , Kopparla P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we extend the principal component analysis (PCA)‐based approach to accelerate radiative transfer (RT) calculations by accounting for the spectral variation of aerosol properties. Using linear error analysis, the errors induced by this fast RT method are quantified for a large number of simulated Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) measurements (N≈ 30,000). The computational speedup of the approach is typically 2 orders of magnitude compared to a line‐by‐line discrete ordinates calculation with 16 streams, while the radiance residuals do not exceed 0.01% for the most part compared to the same baseline calculations. We find that the errors due to the PCA‐based approach tend to be less than ±0.06 ppm for both land and ocean scenes when two or more empirical orthogonal functions are used. One advantage of this method is that it maintains the high accuracy over a large range of aerosol optical depths. This technique shows great potential to be used in operational retrievals for GOSAT and other remote sensing missions.
Development of Algorithm for Discriminating Hydrometeor Particle Types With a Synergistic Use of CloudSat and CALIPSO
Authors: Kikuchi M. , Okamoto H. , Sato K. , Suzuki K. , Cesana G. , Hagihara Y. , Takahashi N. , Hayasaka T. , Oki R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe developed a method for classifying hydrometeor particle types, including cloud and precipitation phase and ice crystal habit, by a synergistic use of CloudSat/Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)/Cloud‐Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). We investigated how the cloud phase and ice crystal habit characterized by CALIOP globally relate with radar reflectivity and temperature. The global relationship thus identified was employed to develop an algorithm for hydrometeor type classification with CPR alone. The CPR‐based type classification was then combined with CALIPSO‐based type characterization to give CPR‐CALIOP synergy classification. A unique aspect of this algorithm is to exploit and combine the lidar's sensitivity to thin ice clouds and the radar's ability to penetrate light precipitation to offer more complete picture of vertically resolved hydrometeor type classification than has been provided by previous studies. Given the complementary nature of radar and lidar detections of hydrometeors, our algorithm delivers 13 hydrometeor types: warm water, supercooled water, randomly oriented ice crystal (3D‐ice), horizontally oriented plate (2D‐plate), 3D‐ice + 2D‐plate, liquid drizzle, mixed‐phase drizzle, rain, snow, mixed‐phase cloud, water + liquid drizzle, water + rain, and unknown. The global statistics of three‐dimensional occurrence frequency of each hydrometeor type revealed that 3D‐ice contributes the most to the total cloud occurrence frequency (53.8%), followed by supercooled water (14.3%), 2D‐plate (9.2%), rain (5.9%), warm water (5.7%), snow (4.8%), mixed‐phase drizzle (2.3%), and the remaining types (4.0%). This hydrometeor type classification provides observation‐based insight for climate model diagnostics in representation of cloud phase and their microphysical characteristics.
Late Spring Nitrate Distributions Beneath the Ice‐Covered Northeastern Chukchi Shelf
Authors: Arrigo Kevin R. , Mills Matthew M. , van Dijken Gert L. , Lowry Kate E. , Pickart Robert S. , Schlitzer Reiner 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMeasurements of late springtime nutrient concentrations in Arctic waters are relatively rare due to the extensive sea ice cover that makes sampling difficult. During the SUBICE (Study of Under‐ice Blooms In the Chukchi Ecosystem) cruise in May–June 2014, an extensive survey of hydrography and prebloom concentrations of inorganic macronutrients, oxygen, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and chlorophyll a was conducted in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Cold (<−1.5°C) winter water was prevalent throughout the study area, and the water column was weakly stratified. Nitrate (NO3−) concentration averaged 12.6 ± 1.92 μM in surface waters and 14.0 ± 1.91 μM near the bottom and was significantly correlated with salinity. The highest NO3− concentrations were associated with winter water within the Central Channel flow path. NO3− concentrations were much reduced near the northern shelf break within the upper halocline waters of the Canada Basin and along the eastern side of the shelf near the Alaskan coast. Net community production (NCP), estimated as the difference in depth‐integrated NO3− content between spring (this study) and summer (historical), varied from 28 to 38 g C m−2 a−1. This is much lower than previous NCP estimates that used NO3− concentrations from the southeastern Bering Sea as a baseline. These results demonstrate the importance of using profiles of NO3− measured as close to the beginning of the spring bloom as possible when estimating local NCP. They also show that once the snow melts in spring, increased light transmission through the sea ice to the waters below the ice could fuel large phytoplankton blooms over a much wider area than previously known.
Estimation and Uncertainty of Recent Carbon Accumulation and Vertical Accretion in Drained and Undrained Forested Peatlands of the Southeastern USA
Authors: Drexler Judith Z. , Fuller Christopher C. , Orlando James , Salas Antonia , Wurster Frederic C. , Duberstein Jamie A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine how drainage impacts carbon densities and recent rates (past 50 years) of vertical accretion and carbon accumulation in southeastern forested peatlands. We compared these parameters in drained maple‐gum (MAPL), Atlantic white cedar (CDR), and pocosin (POC) communities in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDS) of Virginia/North Carolina and in an intact (undrained) CDR swamp in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (AR) of North Carolina. Peat cores were analyzed for bulk density, percent organic carbon, and 137Cs and 210Pb. An uncertainty analysis of both 137Cs and 210Pb approaches was used to constrain error at least partially related to mobility of both radioisotopes. GDS peats had lower porosities (89.6% (SD = 1.71) versus 95.3% (0.18)) and higher carbon densities (0.082 (0.021) versus 0.037 (0.009) g C cm−3) than AR. Vertical accretion rates (0.10–0.56 cm yr−1) were used to estimate a time period of ~84–362 years for reestablishment of peat lost during the 2011 Lateral West fire at the GDS. Carbon accumulation rates ranged from 51 to 389 g C m−2 yr−1 for all sites. In the drained (GDS) versus intact (AR) CDR sites, carbon accumulation rates were similar with 137Cs (87GDS versus 92AR g C m−2 yr−1) and somewhat less at the GDS than AR as determined with 210Pb (111GDS versus 159AR g C m−2 yr−1). Heightened productivity and high polyphenol content of peat may be responsible for similar rates of carbon accumulation in both drained and intact CDR peatlands.
Expansion of the Plant Cell Wall
Authors: Cosgrove Daniel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionWall Stress Relaxation, Water Uptake and Cell EnlargementAlternative Models of the Plant Cell WallThe Meaning of Wall Loosening and Wall ExtensibilityTime Scales for Changes in Cell GrowthCandidates for Wall‐Loosening AgentsExpansinsXyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolases (XTHs)Endo‐1,4‐β‐D‐GlucanasesNon‐Enzymatic Scission of Wall Polysaccharides by Hydroxyl RadicalsYieldinSummary
Cell Wall Disassembly
Authors: Rose Jocelyn K.C. , Catalá Carmen , Gonzalez‐Carranza Zinnia H. , Roberts Jeremy A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFruit SofteningAbscission and DehiscenceOther Examples of Cell Wall DisassemblyConclusions, Questions and Future DirectionsAcknowledgements
Sorting of Storage Proteins in the PlantGolgi Apparatus
Authors: Hinz Giselbert , Herman Eliot M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionSeed Storage Proteins and Ancillary Proteins are Stored in Two Different Types of Storage Organelles, Protein Bodies and Protein Storage VacuolesOrigin ofPSVsand Relationship to Lytic VacuoleGolgi‐Mediated Sorting of Storage Proteins into thePSVsVacuolar Sorting Signals are Recognized by aGolgi‐Localized Sorting MachineryGolgi Apparatus Transport Vesicles in SeedsPutative Sorting MechanismsVacuolar Sorting Pathways are not Exclusive for a Certain Cell TypeAutophagy Constitutes an Alternative, Novel Route Bypassing Progression through theGolgi Apparatus for the Vacuolar Accumulation of Storage Proteins during Seed MaturationPerspectives of Future Research
Rab Proteins and theGolgi Apparatus
Authors: Rutherford Stephen , Moore Ian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Molecular Basis of Vesicle Targeting at the PlantGolgiTheRabDGroup (Related toRab1)TheRabBGroup (Related toRab2)TheRabEGroup (Related toRab8)TheRabHGroup (Related to MammalianRab6)TheRabAGroup (Related to MammalianRab11)Conclusions
Glycosyltransferases in the Plant
G
olgi
Authors: Steinkellner Herta , Strasser Richard 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

β1,2‐
N
‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase
I

β1,2‐
N
‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase
II

β1,2‐Xylosyltransferase

Core α1,3‐Fucosyltransferase

Lewis a Type
GTs
: α1,4‐Fucosyltransferase and β1,3‐Galactosyltransferase

Conclusion and Future Perspective

Acknowledgements