bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and human livelihoods at the crossroads: Local needs and knowledge in the management of Arabuko Sokoke Forest
Authors: Chiawo David O. , Kombe Wellington N. , Craig Adrian J.F.K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArabuko Sokoke Forest is the largest remaining single block of indigenous dry coastal tropical forest in Eastern Africa. Households within a 5 km buffer zone depend heavily on the forest for their livelihood needs, and the pressure on forest resources is on the increase. In May 2015, 109 households were interviewed on resources they obtain from the forest, in terms of the self‐reported level of monthly income. We found household income and farm size significantly positively correlated with benefits from the forest, highlighting the possible influence of household wealth in exploiting forest resources. A large proportion of households (32%) had limited knowledge of local birds, while human–bird conflict was reported by 44% of the households. While many households were keen to participate in conservation projects that maintain the forest, 44% had no knowledge of the forest management plan, and 60% of those interviewed had no idea of how forest zones were designated for particular activities. Drivers for local community participation in conservation projects appear to be sustainable income and fulfilment of basic household needs.
Physiological responses to folivory and phytopathogens in a riparian tree, Brabejum stellatifolium, native to the fynbos biome of South Africa
Authors: Maoela Malebajoa A. , Esler Karen J. , Roets Francois , Jacobs Shayne M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe canopies of many tree species sustain a large diversity of folivorous arthropods and phytopathogenic fungi. These organisms are thought to influence overall tree and stand productivity. Leaf diseases caused by Phyllosticta owaniana and Periconiella velutina, phytopathogenic fungi commonly found on the native riparian tree Brabejum stellatifolium (wild almond), like any other leaf disease, can potentially reduce a plant's photosynthetic efficiency. In addition to these two phytopathogens, the weevils Setapion provinciale and Setapion quantillum are abundant in wild almond canopies. Despite their pervasive occurrence, the impacts of these phytopathogens and arthropods on host tree leaf physiology have not been examined. The gas exchange response of wild almond leaves to phytopathogens and folivore damage was assessed. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and water content were also determined. Declines in photosynthetic rates and other physiological parameters were associated with increasing damage severity by weevils and phytopathogens in leaves of B. stellatifolium. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents were negatively associated with disease severity. Water and phosphorus contents were also negatively correlated with increased weevil damage, while nitrogen content was positively correlated with it. The observed responses of B. stellatifolium metabolic functioning to fungal pathogen and folivory indicate a possibility of suppressed wild populations of wild almond.
Antipredator behaviour of African ungulates around human settlements
Authors: Yamashita Thomas , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Kioko John , Brashares Justin , Kiffner Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs human populations grow and come into more frequent contact with wildlife, it is important to understand how anthropogenic disturbance alters wildlife behaviour. Using fine‐scale spatial analyses, we examined how proximity to human settlements affects antipredator responses of ungulates. We studied seven common ungulate species (Kirk's dik‐dik, Thomson's gazelle, impala, common warthog, common wildebeest, common zebra and Masai giraffe) in the Tarangire–Manyara ecosystem in northern Tanzania. In zebra and giraffe, flight responses to humans were significantly more likely when closer to settlements; however, there was a weak relationship between flight responses and distance to settlement in all other species. While there was largely a weak relationship between proximity to human settlements, the distribution of settlements in the landscape appears to affect wildlife behaviour, suggesting that animals perceive and respond to spatial variation in risk exerted by humans.
Accuracy assessment of MODIS active fire products in southern African savannah woodlands
Authors: Masocha Mhosisi , Dube Timothy , Mpofu Ndumezulu T. , Chimunhu Silvester 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSatellite remote sensing offers a cost‐effective method for monitoring fire occurrence in savannah systems, for proper fire management. However, the ability of satellite fire products to detect active fire is known to vary depending on the terrestrial ecosystems and sensor characteristics. In this study, the overall accuracy, kappa coefficient of agreement and true skill statistic (TSS) were used to assess the accuracy of two MODIS fire products (MOD14A1 and MCD14ML) to detect active fire at two savannah woodland sites dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga and Brachystegia spiciformis in Zimbabwe. In both sites, MOD14A1 with a coarse spatial resolution of 1 km had a poor index of agreement with ground fire data (kappa = 0, TSS = 0 and overall accuracy ≤ 0.4). By contrast, a moderate to strong agreement between MCD14ML and active fires measured on the ground was observed at both study sites (overall accuracy ≥ 0.7, kappa ≥ 0.6 and TSS ≥ 0.6; Table ). It was therefore concluded that MCD14ML, with a spatial resolution of 375 m, is a more suitable product for detecting active fires in both Baikiaea plurijuga and Brachystegia‐dominated savannah woodlands of southern Africa compared to MOD14A1.
Market Reaction to Macroeconomic News: The Role of Investor Sentiment
Authors: Chen Hung‐Kun , Lien Chen‐Ting 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that risk is unlikely to be the only factor explaining the excess return difference between macroeconomic announcement days and other trading days. We argue that investor sentiment may affect the return on the prescheduled macroeconomic news release. We find that the return on macroeconomic announcement days is much higher than the return on other days, especially when changes in investor sentiment are higher. The impact of investor sentiment on the macroeconomic announcement effect is greater when investor sentiment is higher. Our results remain valid using different investor sentiment measures and testing for heteroscedasticity in stock returns.
Outcomes in women undergoing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia
Authors: Rajadurai Vinita A. , Tan Jason , Salfinger Stuart G. , Cohen Paul A. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundRobotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) is associated with improved outcomes compared to open surgery in patients with endometrial cancer but data are conflicting when comparing RALH to conventional total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). In October 2014, a RALH program was established in Perth, Western Australia.AimTo compare outcomes in patients undergoing RALH with a matched cohort undergoing TLH.Materials and methodsA retrospective matched cohort study compared outcomes in 45 patients who underwent RALH with 45 controls who were patients treated with TLH.ResultsMean operating time was longer in the RALH group compared to controls (75.42 min vs 53.18 min, mean difference 22.24 min, P < 0.001, 95% Cl, 11.07–33.42). No differences were observed in mean pain scores (RALH 1.47 vs TLH 1.84 P = 0.31), mean parenteral and oral opioid use (RALH 14.3 mg and 42.4 mg vs TLH 17.5 mg and 52.57 mg, P = 0.42 and 0.42, respectively), and mean length of stay (RALH 1.51 vs TLH 1.67 days, P = 0.49). Two patients in the RALH group and one patient in the TLH group sustained iatrogenic bladder injuries (P = 0.62).ConclusionThe establishment of the RALH program at our institution appeared to be associated with equivalent morbidity, post‐operative pain, opioid use and length of stay compared to conventional laparoscopy. A surgical learning curve for RALH was observed. Well‐designed prospective studies are needed to further evaluate short‐ and long‐term patient function, morbidity, quality of life and oncologic outcomes.
Effect of secondary penicillin prophylaxis on valvular changes in patients with rheumatic heart disease in Far North Queensland
Authors: Haran Shankar , Crane Natalie , Kazi Saniya , Axford‐Haines Louise , White Andrew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of secondary penicillin prophylaxis on echocardiographic diagnosed valvular changes in patients with rheumatic heart disease or history of acute rheumatic fever in the Townsville Health district.DesignPatients with known were identified from the North Queensland register, serial echocardiogram results and number of secondary penicillin prophylaxis doses received in 2014 were collated. Descriptive statistics were utilised.SettingTownsville Hospital and outreach clinics within the Townsville Health catchment zone.ParticipantsAll patients diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease between 2010 and October 2013 who had serial echocardiograms prior to and post commencement of secondary penicillin prophylaxis were included. All patients were of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent.Main outcome measureProgression of echocardiographic valvular changes and association with secondary penicillin prophylaxis compliance. Compliance with secondary penicillin prophylaxis among the study population was a secondary outcome measure.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were recruited. Only those patients who were compliant with secondary penicillin prophylaxis had any improvement in valvular changes on echocardiogram. Four of six patients without any baseline valvular involvement developed new valvular changes. Seventy percent of patients received >75% of secondary penicillin prophylaxis doses.ConclusionsThis small study of patients in Townsville suggests that with good secondary penicillin prophylaxis compliance there is regression of some cardiac lesions over time in people with rheumatic heart disease. Furthermore the natural history of acute rheumatic fever in the Indigenous population is progressive requiring strict adherence to secondary penicillin prophylaxis. Prospective studies or use of data from the nationwide RHD register and standardised reporting of cardiac echocardiograms will provide more robust evidence.
Time to delivery: Transfers for threatened preterm labour and prelabour rupture of membranes in Western Australia
Authors: Hollingworth Jade , Pietsch Rachel , Epee‐Bekima Mathias , Nathan Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the outcomes of patients transferred to King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH) with signs of labour at preterm gestations.DesignA retrospective observational study of the 69 cases transferred to KEMH during 2015.SettingPatient transfers from all locations across Western Australia (WA) to the sole tertiary perinatal centre in Perth.ParticipantsPregnant women within WA with threatened or actual preterm labour (PTL) or preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 23 and 32 weeks gestation.Main outcome measuresThe occurrence of delivery during the admission and time‐to‐delivery as well as length of admission and association between clinical factors and time‐to‐delivery.ResultsThe percentage of the study population delivered during the admission following transfer was 72.5%. Eighty‐six per cent of those who delivered did so within 72 hours of transfer. The median time from transfer to delivery was 1 day. Sixty‐three per cent of those who did not deliver during the admission progressed to 36 weeks gestation. Patients transferred with PPROM were less likely to deliver during the admission compared to those with uterine activity (50% versus 19.6%, P = 0.007) and nulliparas were more likely to deliver (93.5% versus 55.3%, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of women transferred with signs of PTL progress to delivery during the same admission with the highest risk of delivery being the first 72 hours following transfer. If the pregnancy is ongoing at 72 hours, there is a reasonable chance of progression to late preterm gestation supporting the return of woman to their place of origin for antenatal care following discharge.
Screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in a rural health district: An analysis of practice
Authors: Wright Suzanne , Cotterell Elizabeth , Schmidt David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe hip dysplasia screening practices in a local rural health district.DesignCross‐sectional study of hospital birth records, local physiotherapy records, public community health electronic medical record (Community Health Information Management Enterprise database) and a survey of local clinicians who work with infants and children.SettingThree rural public hospitals and community health centres in a New South Wales health district.ParticipantsBirth records (n = 196) from March 2012 to May 2012; attendance at child and family nurse checks (n = 788) May 2013–April 2014; 13 cases of managed developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 2012 and local clinicians (n = 49).ResultsAt birth, the majority of infants (91%, 179/196) had documented hip screening. Community health records show this dropped to 75% (587/788) at 1–4 weeks and 29% (227/788) at 6–8 weeks. A survey of local clinicians (54% response rate; 49/91) revealed most (78%) screen for DDH and less than half (43%) use guidelines. Almost all (97%) clinicians reported screening for DDH at 6–8 weeks of age. Only 51% of clinicians reported having specific training for DDH screening and 76% would like further training. The rate of late DDH requiring management in 2012 was 0.87% (7/806) and the rate of late DDH requiring surgery was 0.25% (2/806).ConclusionDDH screening practices are well established at birth in the rural health district. There is variability in DDH screening practices beyond 8 weeks of age. Clinicians report variations in their knowledge and training. Training in DDH screening and hip screening prompts added to the personal health record might improve rates of DDH screening beyond 8 weeks of age.
Oral tolerance modulates the skin transcriptome in mice with induced atopic dermatitis
Authors: Baek J. O. , Lee J. R. , Roh J. Y. , Jung Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDefective gut immune reactions have been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), whereas oral tolerance (OT), that is, the immune unresponsiveness induced by oral antigen administration, protects mice against AD. To investigate this protective role of OT, the transcriptomic profiles of skin were obtained by RNA sequencing from mice that were epicutaneously sensitized, orally tolerized prior to epicutaneous sensitization, or neither (control). Oral tolerance inhibited the upregulation of keratin‐ and allergic inflammation‐associated genes that occurred in the epicutaneously sensitized group. Compared to the controls, mice that were orally tolerized and epicutaneously sensitized showed an upregulation of genes that regulate inflammation or keratinocyte differentiation. Knocking down two of those genes, SCGB1A1 and TSC22D3, upregulated Th2 inflammatory mediators and downregulated a cornified cell envelope‐related gene. Based on our findings, OT may protect skin against allergic inflammation by promoting the expression of genes that regulate Th2 inflammatory responses and skin barrier function.
Analysis of the spatio‐temporal parameters of gaits in Dasypus novemcinctus (Xenarthra: Dasypodidae)
Authors: Costa Fabiana R. , Clerici Giannina P. , Lobo‐Ribeiro Leonardo , Rosa Patrícia S. , Rocha‐Barbosa Oscar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArmadillos comprise a particular group of armoured animals whose functional morphology of locomotion remains unclear. For the first time, the kinematic patterns of Dasypus novemcinctus are analysed. Eight specimens of nine‐banded armadillos were studied at a research institute in São Paulo State, Brazil. The individuals were induced to cross a horizontal corridor and each gait performed during the time each of them was kept inside this structure was recorded to a detailed analysis posteriorly performed in a computer program. Four parameters regarding speed range were considered: stride frequency (Hz) (1/stride period), stride length (m), speed (ms−1) and duty factor (%). A total of 89 strides have been analysed among symmetrical (60.6%) and asymmetrical gaits (39.4%), and six footfall patterns were here reported as follows: lateral sequences (symmetrical), transverse gallop, canter, bound, half‐bound and crutch walk (asymmetrical). This kind of analysis implements our knowledge on the locomotory aspects of these animals, hence contributing to the improvement of our knowledge on this still poorly known group.
A human microdose study of the antimalarial drug GSK3191607 in healthy volunteers
Authors: Okour Malek , Derimanov Geo , Barnett Rodger , Fernandez Esther , Ferrer Santiago , Gresham Stephanie , Hossain Mohammad , Gamo Francisco‐Javier , Koh Gavin , Pereira Adrian , Rolfe Katie , Wong Deborah , Young Graeme , Rami Harshad , Haselden John 
Published: November 2017

AimsGSK3191607, a novel inhibitor of the Plasmodium falciparum ATP4 (PfATP4) pathway, is being considered for development in humans. However, a key problem encountered during the preclinical evaluation of the compound was its inconsistent pharmacokinetic (PK) profile across preclinical species (mouse, rat and dog), which prevented reliable prediction of PK parameters in humans and precluded a well‐founded assessment of the potential for clinical development of the compound. Therefore, an open‐label microdose (100 μg, six subjects) first time in humans study was conducted to assess the human PK of GSK3191607 following intravenous administration of [14C]‐GSK3191607.MethodsA human microdose study was conducted to investigate the clinical PK of GSK3191607 and enable a Go/No Go decision on further progression of the compound. The PK disposition parameters estimated from the microdose study, combined with preclinical in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic parameters, were all used to estimate the potential efficacy of various oral dosing regimens in humans.ResultsThe PK profile, based on the microdose data, demonstrated a half‐life (~17 h) similar to other antimalarial compounds currently in clinical development. However, combining the microdose data with the pharmacodynamic data provided results that do not support further clinical development of the compound for a single dose cure.ConclusionsThe information generated by this study provides a basis for predicting the expected oral PK profiles of GSK3191607 in man and supports decisions on the future clinical development of the compound.
Grade‐related differences in strategy use in multidigit division in two instructional settings
Authors: Hickendorff Marian , Torbeyns Joke , Verschaffel Lieven 
Published: November 2017

We aimed to investigate upper elementary children's strategy use in the domain of multidigit division in two instructional settings: the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium). A cross‐sectional sample of 119 Dutch and 122 Flemish fourth to sixth graders solved a varied set of multidigit division problems. With latent class analysis, three distinct strategy profiles were identified: children consistently using number‐based strategies, children combining the use of column‐based and number‐based strategies, and children combining the use of digit‐based and number‐based strategies. The relation between children's strategy profiles and their instructional setting (country) and grade were generally in line with instructional differences, but large individual differences remained. Furthermore, Dutch children more frequently made adaptive strategy choices and realistic solutions than their Flemish peers. These results complement and refine previous findings on children's strategy use in relation to mathematics instruction.
Statement of contribution

What is already known?

Mathematics education reform emphasizes variety, adaptivity, and insight in arithmetic strategies.

Countries have different instructional trajectories for multidigit division.

Mixed results on the impact of instruction on children's strategy use in multidigit division.

What does this study add?

Latent class analysis identified three meaningful strategy profiles in children from grades 4–6.

These strategy profiles substantially differed between children.

Dutch and Flemish children's strategy use is related to their instructional trajectory.
Big Data and data science: A critical review of issues for educational research
Authors: Daniel Ben Kei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBig Data refers to large and disparate volumes of data generated by people, applications and machines. It is gaining increasing attention from a variety of domains, including education. What are the challenges of engaging with Big Data research in education? This paper identifies a wide range of critical issues that researchers need to consider when working with Big Data in education. The issues identified include diversity in the conception and meaning of Big Data in education, ontological, epistemological disparity, technical challenges, ethics and privacy, digital divide and digital dividend, lack of expertise and academic development opportunities to prepare educational researchers to leverage opportunities afforded by Big Data. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness on these issues and initiate a dialogue. The paper was inspired partly by insights drawn from the literature but mostly informed by experience researching into Big Data in education.
Safeguards against Opportunism in Freelance Contracting on the Internet
Authors: Shevchuk Andrey , Strebkov Denis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBased on a large sample of 5,756 Russian‐speaking freelancers from an international online labour market, this study provides rare quantitative evidence of the external labour market where freelancers act under constant threat of client‐side opportunism. We explore how the formalization of agreements, social embeddedness and mode of communication are associated with the incidence of opportunism and further possibilities of resolving problems caused by agreement violations. Social ties and face‐to‐face contact appear to be better safeguards against opportunism in freelance contracting, which is largely informal. The study has important implications for the debates about non‐standard work, online labour markets and job quality in the new economy.
For whom we forgive matters: relationship focus magnifies, but self‐focus buffers against the negative effects of forgiving an exploitative partner
Authors: Gabriels Jordan Brian , Strelan Peter 
Published: November 2017

Increasingly, studies indicate that victims experience negative outcomes after forgiving offenders who present an exploitation risk. However, we demonstrate that the link between exploitation risk and forgiveness‐related outcomes is dependent upon a victim's focus of forgiving. Two studies, the first employing a prospective design (N = 110) and the second an experimental scenario method (N = 261), replicate previous research on the negative effects of exploitation risk and also test two new hypotheses. First, we found that forgiving explicitly for the sake of a relationship is associated with greater distress, relative to deciding to forgive for the sake of the self. Second, we found that relationship‐focussed forgiveness magnified the distress caused by exploitation risk, whereas self‐focussed forgiveness, relative to relationship‐focussed forgiveness, provides a buffer against it. In short, these findings demonstrate that for whom we forgive matters. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for understanding when forgiving is costly.