bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EL FRUTO DE LA INSEGURIDAD. VINO, CONTRATO ÓPTIMO Y DERECHOS DE PROPIEDAD EN CATALUÑA (1898–1935)
Authors: Garrido Samuel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost of the Catalan vineyards were cultivated by means of sharecropping contracts that granted the sharecropper ownership rights over the land. This paper maintains that the “bundle of rights” view of property is not the most appropriate for analysing situations of this kind. It shows that, from around 1900 onwards, sharecroppers’ rights became insecure, which gave rise to a series of dysfunctions that resulted in the contract no longer being optimal. It concludes that the removal of the inefficiencies arising from shared ownership was a sufficient reason to justify the agrarian reform that the Catalan Parliament sought to introduce in 1934.
Just cyber war?: Casus belli, information ethics, and the human perspective
Authors: Sleat Matt 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDoes the advent of cyber war require us to abandon the traditional ethical framework for thinking about the morality of warfare – just war theory – and develop principles specific to the unique nature of cyber attacks? Or can just war theory still provide an appropriate basis for thinking through the ethical issues raised by cyber weapons? This article explores these questions via the issue of whether a cyber attack can constitute a casus belli. The first half of the article critically engages with recent attempts to provide a new theory of just information warfare (JIW) that is supposedly better suited to the unique character of cyber war insofar as it is grounded the broader meta-ethical framework of information ethics (IE). Yet the article argues that not only is JIW fundamentally unsuitable as a way of thinking about cyber war, but (in the second half) that it is possible to develop a different account of how we can understand a cyber attack as constituting a casus belli in a way that is in keeping with traditional just war theory. In short, there is no need to reinvent just war theory for the digital age.
Different Escherichia coli B2-ST131 clades (B and C) producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) colonizing residents of Portuguese nursing homes
Authors: RODRIGUES C. , MACHADO E. , FERNANDES S. , PEIXE L. , NOVAIS Â. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and particularly Escherichia coli ST131 isolates producing CTX-M enzymes are commonly found colonizing the intestine of nursing home (NH) residents, but ST131 subclonal structure has been scarcely explored in this vulnerable population. Our goal was to perform a pilot study to assess the faecal carriage rate and epidemiological features of ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E and CPE, respectively) among NH residents. For this purpose, faecal samples from residents at 4 different NHs in the North of Portugal (representing 9·5% of the residents’ population, July 2014) were screened for ESBL-E and/or CPE by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Clonal structure and plasmid typing of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) was performed by PCR and sequencing. Four ESBL-Ec isolates (2 CTX-M-15/2 CTX-M-14) were found in 20% of the samples, all belonging to the pandemic clonal lineage B2-ST131-O25b:H4. Two different clades were identified, the C2/H30-Rx-virotype C producing CTX-M-15 and an atypical B/H22-like-virotype D5 (producing CTX-M-14 and fluoroquinolone-resistant), firstly described in Portugal. This pilot study highlights the role of NH residents as a source of different ST131 clades, besides emphasizing the importance of E. coli B2-ST131 subtyping in different clinical settings, and understanding the transmission dynamics of the different variants.
The association between diurnal temperature range and childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease: a distributed lag non-linear analysis
Authors: YIN FEI , MA YUE , ZHAO XING , LV QIANG , LIU YAQIONG , ZHANG TAO , LI XIAOSONG 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYIn recent years, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been increasingly recognized as a critical challenge to disease control and prevention in China. Previous studies have found that meteorological factors such as mean temperature and relative humidity were associated with HFMD. However, little is known about whether the diurnal temperature range (DTR) has any impact on HFMD. This study aimed to quantify the impact of DTR on childhood HFMD in 18 cities in Sichuan Province. A distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to explore the temporal lagged association of daily temperature with age-, gender- and pathogen-specific HFMD. A total of 290 123 HFMD cases aged 0–14 years were reported in the 18 cities in Sichuan Province. The DTR–HFMD relationships were non-linear in all subgroups. Children aged 6–14 years and male children were more vulnerable to the temperature changes. Large DTR had the higher risk estimates of HFMD incidence in cases of EV71 infection, while small DTR had the higher risk estimates of HFMD incidence in cases of CV-A16 infection. Our study suggested that DTR played an important role in the transmission of HFMD with non-linear and delayed effects.
Strongyloides stercoralis seroprevalence in Vietnam
Authors: DIEP NGUYEN THI NGOC , THAI PHAM QUANG , TRANG NGHIEM NGUYEN MINH , JÄGER JULIA , FOX ANNETTE , HORBY PETER , PHUONG HOANG VU MAI , ANH DANG DUC , MAI LE THI QUYNH , VAN DOORN H. ROGIER , NADJM BEHZAD 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYStrongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis affecting 30–100 million people worldwide. Many Southeast-Asian countries report a high prevalence of S. stercoralis infection, but there are little data from Vietnam. Here, we evaluated the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis related to geography, sex and age in Vietnam through serological testing of anonymized sera. Sera (n = 1710, 1340 adults and 270 children) from an anonymized age-stratified serum bank from four regions in Vietnam between 2012 and 2013 were tested using a commercial Strongyloides ratti immunoglobulin G ELISA. Seroreactivity was found in 29·1% (390/1340) of adults and 5·5% (15/270) of children. Male adults were more frequently seroreactive than females (33·3% vs. 24·9%, P = 0·001). The rural central highlands had the highest seroprevalence (42·4% of adults). Seroreactivity in the other regions was 29·9% (Hue) and 26·0% and 18·2% in the large urban centres of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, respectively. We conclude that seroprevalence of S. stercoralis was high in the Vietnamese adult population, especially in rural areas.
Affective and Cognitive Verbal Theory of Mind in Schizophrenia: Results From a Novel Paradigm
Authors: Okruszek Łukasz , Piejka Aleksandra , Szczepocka Ewa , Wysokiński Adam , Pluta Agnieszka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectives: Impairments of Theory of Mind (ToM) have been repeatedly demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, only a handful of studies have explored deficits in affective and cognitive subcomponents of ToM. Thus, this study aims to examine affective and cognitive ToM abilities in SCZ by using a novel, verbal paradigm. Methods: Twenty-four SCZ and 22 healthy comparison subjects (HC) completed a battery of tasks, which consisted of: (i) Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS), (ii) three well-established tasks measuring social cognitive abilities, and (iii) original tasks which assess ability to infer cognitive and affective mental states based on everyday verbal social interactions. Results: In line with previous findings, SCZ were outperformed by HC in all tasks. However, the interaction effect of the group and the task showed that cognitive (as opposed to affective) ToM was more profoundly impaired in patients with SCZ. Conclusions: It is proposed that in SCZ group cognitive ToM is more impaired as it involves more effortful reflective processes, while affective ToM, which is more automatic and based on reflexive processes, may differentiate patients from healthy comparison subjects to a lesser extent. (JINS, 2018, 24, 305–309)
Spatial distribution of different subtypes of core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae in the galaxies
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry Yu. , Pavlyuk Nickolay N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe distributions of supernovae of different types and subtypes along the radius and in z coordinate of galaxies have been studied. We show that among SNe Ia in spiral galaxies, SNe Iax and Ia-norm have, respectively, the largest and smallest concentration to the center; the distributions of SNe Ia-91bg and Ia-91T are similar. A strong concentration of SNe Ibc to the central regions has been confirmed. In spiral galaxies, the supernovae of all types strongly concentrate to the galactic plane; the slight differences in scale height correlate with the extent to which the classes of supernovae are associated with star formation.
Incidence of stellar rotation on the explosion mechanism of massive stars
Authors: Kazeroni Rémi , Guilet Jérôme , Foglizzo Thierry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydrodynamical instabilities may either spin-up or down the pulsar formed in the collapse of a rotating massive star. Using numerical simulations of an idealized setup, we investigate the impact of progenitor rotation on the shock dynamics. The amplitude of the spiral mode of the Standing Accretion Shock Instability (SASI) increases with rotation only if the shock to the neutron star radii ratio is large enough. At large rotation rates, a corotation instability, also known as low-T/W, develops and leads to a more vigorous spiral mode. We estimate the range of stellar rotation rates for which pulsars are spun up or down by SASI. In the presence of a corotation instability, the spin-down efficiency is less than 30%. Given observational data, these results suggest that rapid progenitor rotation might not play a significant hydrodynamical role in the majority of core-collapse supernovae.
Evolution & Explosion of Massive Stars Leading to IIP-IIL SNe with MESA & SNEC
Authors: Das Sanskriti , Ray Alak 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe show how the dense shells of circumstellar gas immediately outside the red supergiants(RSGs) can affect the early optical light curves of Type II-P SNe taking the example of 2013ej. The peak in V, R and I bands, decline rate after peak and plateau length are found to be strongly influenced by the dense CSM formed due to enhanced mass loss during the oxygen and silicon burning stage of the progenitor. We find that the required explosion energy for the progenitors with CSM is reduced by almost a factor of 2.
High-Resolution Observations of Dust in SN 1987A
Authors: Cigan Phil , Gomez Haley , Matsuura Mikako 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe dust produced by supernovae is an important topic for understanding supernova physics and the chemical evolution of galaxies. Recent ALMA observations of SN 1987A have allowed us to peer into the inner ejecta to the cool dust, with spatial resolution from 0.″3 at ~300 GHz down to 0.″09 at ~680 GHz – an improvement over the previous 300 GHz Cycle 0 observations at 0.″69. Comparison of the dust location and morphology with other multiwavelength emission presents an interesting picture of the role dust plays in the ejecta. The mm-FIR SED is compared to radiative models to study the dust composition 30 years after the initial explosion. Fits to the ring emission also probe the drift of the center of the system over time.
Upper Limits on Gamma-ray Emission from Supernovae Serendipitously Observed with H.E.S.S.
Authors: Simoni Rachel , Maxted Nigel , Renaud Mathieu , Vink Jacco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is hypothesized that some young supernovae might have the correct properties to accelerate cosmic rays, which in turn might generate gamma-ray emission by-products. We search for gamma-ray excesses towards supernovae in nearby galaxies which were serendipitously within the field of view of the HESS telescopes within a year of the supernova event. HESS cherenkov air-shower data collected between December 2003 and March 2015 were considered and compared to recent catalogs. Nine candidate supernovae were identified and analysed. No significant emission from these supernovae has been found, and upper limits for their very high energy emission are reported.
Aspherical Supernovae and Oblique Shock Breakout
Authors: Afsariardchi Niloufar , Matzner Christopher D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn an aspherical supernova explosion, shock emergence is not simultaneous and non-radial flows develop near the stellar surface. Oblique shock breakouts tend to be easily developed in compact progenitors like stripped-envelop core collapse supernovae. According to Matzner et al. (2013), non-spherical explosions develop non-radial flows that alters the observable emission and radiation of a supernova explosion. These flows can limit ejecta speed, change the distribution of matter and heat of the ejecta, suppress the breakout flash, and most importantly engender collisions outside the star. We construct a global numerical FLASH hydrodynamic simulation in a two dimensional spherical coordinate, focusing on the non-relativistic, adiabatic limit in a polytropic envelope to see how these fundamental differences affect the early light curve of core-collapse SNe.
Constraining pulsar birth properties with supernova X-ray observations
Authors: Gallant Y. A. , Bandiera R. , Bucciantini N. , Amato E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA large fraction of core-collapse supernovae are thought to result in the birth of a rotation-powered pulsar, which is later observable as a radio pulsar up to great ages. The birth properties of these pulsars, and in particular the distribution of their initial rotation periods, are however difficult to infer from studies of the radio pulsar population in our Galaxy. Yet the distributions of their birth properties is an important assumption for scenarios in which ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) originate in very young, extragalactic pulsars with short birth periods and/or high magnetic fields.Using a model of the very young pulsar wind nebula’s dynamical and spectral evolution, with pulsar wind and accelerated particle parameters assumed similar to those inferred from modeling young pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) in our Galaxy, we show that X-ray observations of supernovae, a few years to decades after the explosion, constitute a favored window to obtain meaningful constraints on the initial spin-down luminosity of the newly-formed pulsar. We examine the expected emerging PWN spectral component, taking into account the X-ray opacity of the expanding supernova ejecta, and find that it is typically best detectable in < 10 keV X-rays some years after the explosion. We use this framework to assess available X-ray observations and flux upper limits on supernovae, building on the work of Pernaet al.(2008). We note that a resulting limit on spin-down luminosity corresponds univocally to a limit on the maximum magnetospheric acceleration potential, irrespective of the specific combination of magnetic field and rotation period that achieves it. We use available X-ray observations of supernovae to place constraints on the birth spin-down luminosity and period distribution of classical pulsars. We also examine the case of magnetars, born with much higher magnetic fields, and show that their much shorter initial spin-down time implies that any plausible signature of young magnetar wind nebulae can only be observed in harder X-ray or gamma-rays.
X-ray Synchrotron Polarization from Turbulent Plasmas in Supernova Remnants
Authors: Baring Matthew G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs supernova remnants (SNRs) age, they become efficient cosmic ray accelerators at their outer shell shocks. The current paradigm for shock acceleration theory favors turbulent field environs in the proximity of these shocks, turbulence driven by current instabilities involving energetic ions. With the imminent prospect of dedicated X-ray polarimeters becoming a reality, the possibility looms of probing turbulence on scales that couple to the super-TeV electrons that emit X-rays. This paper presents model X-ray polarization signatures from energetic electrons moving in simulated MHD turbulence of varying levels of “chaos.” The emission volumes are finite slabs that represent the active regions of young SNR shells. We find that the turbulent field energy must be quite limited relative to that of the total field in order for the X-ray polarization degree to be as strong as the radio measures obtained in some remnants. Results presented are pertinent to the planned IXPE and XIPE polarimeters.
Searching for Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants in M83
Authors: Li Chuan-Jui , Chu You-Hua , Ou Po-Sheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractYoung Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs) are characterized by Balmer-dominated optical spectra, well-defined shell morphologies, > 1036 ergs s−1 X-ray luminosities, and a lack of massive stars and dense interstellar gas in their vicinity. Applying these characteristics and using archival deep HST and Chandra observations of M83, we search for young Type Ia SNRs in this spiral galaxy. This is a very difficult task!
Outbursts from evolved massive stars: SN 2015bh and its relatives
Authors: Thöne Christina C. , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Groh Jose 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn their final stages, massive stars can show large eruptions which can resemble core-collapse IIn SNe. Here we present SN 2015bh in NGC 2770, a IIn/impostor, where archival data show variabilities for at least 21 years before the main event in 2015. Serendipitous spectra during an outburst are the only SN progenitor spectra available since SN 1987A and show an LBV with a fast, dense outflow. Analogues to SN 2015bh are SN 2009ip and SNhunt 248 while the SN 2000ch impostor could be equivalent to the outburst phase of SN 2015bh. It is currently unclear whether SN 2015bh (and SN 2009ip) were final core-collapse events. Alternatively, they might be large outbursts shedding the outer envelope and creating a Wolf-Rayet star in only a matter of decades. Future large-scale high-cadence surveys such as LSST will detect many more of these events and allow us a unique insight into the largely unknown late stages of massive stellar evolution.
Measuring distances to Galactic SNRs using the red clump stars
Authors: Shan S. S. , Wu D. , Zhu H. , Zhang M. F. , Tian W. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReliable distances to Galactic Supernova remnants (SNRs) are essential to constrain parameters that reveal the evolutional process of SNRs. We carry out a project to measure SNRs’ distances in the first quadrant of the Galaxy. In this project, red clump stars (RCS) are used as standard candle to build the optical extinction (AV)-(D) distance relation in each direction of extinction-known SNRs. Here, G5.7-0.01, G54.1+0.3 and G78.2+2.1 are taken as typical examples. We obtain the distance of 3−0.3+0.4 kpc for G5.7-0.01, the lower limit of 5.8 kpc for G54.1+0.3, the upper limit of 2 kpc for G5.7-0.01. The results are consistent with distances from kinematic measurements. Hence, we highlight the RCS method can independently trace the distance to the SNRs.
The Radio Remnant of Supernova 1987A − A Broader View
Authors: Zanardo G. , Staveley-Smith L. , Ng C. -Y. , Indebetouw R. , Matsuura M. , Gaensler B. M. , Tzioumis A. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSupernova remnants (SNRs) are powerful particle accelerators. As a supernova (SN) blast wave propagates through the circumstellar medium (CSM), electrons and protons scatter across the shock and gain energy by entrapment in the magnetic field. The accelerated particles generate further magnetic field fluctuations and local amplification, leading to cosmic ray production. The wealth of data from Supernova 1987A is providing a template of the SN-CSM interaction, and an important guide to the radio detection and identification of core-collapse SNe based on their spectral properties. Thirty years after the explosion, radio observations of SNR 1987A span from 70 MHz to 700 GHz. We review extensive observing campaigns with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and follow-ups with other radio telescopes. Observations across the radio spectrum indicate rapid changes in the remnant morphology, while current ATCA and ALMA observations show that the SNR has entered a new evolutionary phase.
Comparing Political Attitudes of Evangelicals with the Attitudes of Mainline Christians and Non-Church Members in The Netherlands
Authors: Vermeer Paul , Scheepers Peer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEvangelicals are generally considered culturally conservative regarding issues like abortion or homosexuality and sometimes also economically conservative regarding issues like tax reduction. But does this image also apply to Dutch evangelicals who live in a secular environment in which they constitute only a tiny fraction of the number of church members? This article explores the political attitudes of Dutch evangelicals with the help of two research questions: (1) Do Dutch evangelicals hold more conservative political attitudes on economic and cultural issues than Catholics, mainline Protestants and non-church members? and (2) Which decisive factors determine the supposed conservatism among Dutch evangelicals as compared to Catholics, mainline Protestants and non-church members? Analyses of survey data show that Dutch evangelicals are indeed culturally conservative, but more liberal in economic matters. In addition, results also show that their cultural conservatism is related to their religious convictions, while their economic attitudes are unrelated to religion.
Racial Prejudice Predicts Less Desire to Learn About White	Privilege
Authors: Conway John G. , Lipsey Nikolette P. , Pogge Gabrielle , Ratliff Kate A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. White people often experience unpleasant emotions in response to learning about White privilege ( Phillips & Lowery, 2015 ; Pinterits, Poteat, & Spanierman, 2009 ). Two studies (total N = 1,310) examined how race attitudes relate to White people’s desires to avoid or learn information about White privilege. White participants completed measures of their race attitudes, desire to change White privilege, and their desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Study 1 showed that participants who preferred their racial in-group reported less desire to change White privilege and greater desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Inconsistent with expectations, Study 2 showed that participants who anticipated negative affective responses to learning about White privilege reported greater desire to change White privilege.
Mirror-image polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Zhang Baochang , Fan Chuyao , Wang Min , Wang Jiaxing , Deng Qiang , Liu Xianyu , Chen Ji , Zheng Jishen , Liu Lei , Zhu Ting F 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe construction of mirror-image biological systems may open the next frontier for biomedical technology development and discovery. Here we have designed and chemically synthesized a mutant version of the thermostable Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) consisting of d-amino acids. With a total peptide length of 358 amino acid residues, it is the largest chemically synthesized d-amino acid protein reported to date. We show that the d-polymerase is able to amplify a 120-bp l-DNA sequence coding for the Escherichia coli 5S ribosomal RNA gene rrfB by mirror-image polymerase chain reaction, and that both the natural and mirror-image systems operate with strict chiral specificity. The development of efficient miPCR systems may lead to many practical applications, such as mirror-image systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment for the selection of therapeutically promising nuclease-resistant l-nucleic acid aptamers.