bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary stability and the rarity of grandmothering
Authors: Field Jared M. , Bonsall Michael B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe provision of intergenerational care, via the Grandmother Hypothesis, has been implicated in the evolution of postfertile longevity, particularly in humans. However, if grandmothering does provide fitness benefits, a key question is why has it evolved so infrequently? We investigate this question with a combination of life‐history and evolutionary game theory. We derive simple eligibility and stability thresholds, both of which must be satisfied if intergenerational care is first to evolve and then to persist in a population. As one threshold becomes easier to fulfill, the other becomes more difficult, revealing a conflict between the two. As such, we suggest that, in fact, we should expect the evolution of grandmothering to be rare.
Biotic resistance shapes the influence of propagule pressure on invasion success in bacterial communities
Authors: Jones Matt L. , Ramoneda Josep , Rivett Damian W. , Bell Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe number of invaders and the timing of invasion are recognized as key determinants of successful invasions. Despite the recognized importance of “propagule pressure,” invasion ecology has largely focused on how characteristics of the native community confer invasion resistance. We simultaneously manipulated community composition and invader propagule pressure in microcosm communities of freshwater bacteria. We show that high propagule pressures can be necessary to establish an invader population, but that the influence of propagule pressure depends on the composition of the resident species. In particular, the number of individuals invading was most important to invasion success when one of the species in a resident community is a strong competitor against other species. By contrast, the timing of invasion was most important when communities had lower growth rates. The results suggest that the importance of propagule pressure varies both between communities and within the same community over time, and therefore have implications for the way we understand the relationship between biotic resistance and invasion success.
Investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a storage tank with different foundation types focusing on the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions using centrifuge model tests
Authors: Park Heon‐Joon , Ha Jeong‐Gon , Kwon Sun‐Yong , Lee Moon‐Gyo , Kim Dong‐Soo 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes a dynamic centrifuge model test method for the accurate simulation of the behaviours of a liquid storage tank with different types of foundations during earthquakes. The method can be used to determine the actual stress conditions of a prototype storage‐tank structure. It was used in the present study to investigate the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions of a simplified storage tank under two different earthquake motions, which were simulated using a shaking table installed in a centrifuge basket. Three different types of foundations were considered, namely, a shallow foundation, a slab on the surface of the ground connected to piles and a slab with disconnected piles. The test results were organised to compare the ground surface and foundation motions, the slab of foundation and top of structure motions and the horizontal and vertical motions of the slab, respectively. These were used to establish the complex dynamic behaviours of tank models with different foundations. The effects of soil–foundation–structure interaction with three foundation conditions and two different earthquake motions are focused and some important factors, that should be considered for future designs are also discussed in this research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED: A randomized trial of local endometrial injury during ovulation induction cycles
Authors: Helmy Medhat E.E. , Maher Mohammad A. , Elkhouly Nabih I. , Ramzy Mahmoud 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of endometrial injury on pregnancy outcomes among infertile women taking clomifene citrate.MethodsA prospective randomized trial was undertaken at an Egyptian hospital between January 26, 2015, and July 17, 2016. Eligible women (≥1 year primary/secondary/unexplained infertility, aged 20–35 years, day‐2 follicle‐stimulating hormone <12 IU/L, normal prolactin/thyroid function/uterine cavity, ≥1 patent tube, male partner with normal semen count and motility, 3 cycles of clomifene citrate without success) were randomly allocated (1:1) using computer‐generated numbers into intervention (received endometrial injury on cycle day 15–24) or control groups (sham procedure). Women began ovulation induction on days 3–5 of the following cycle. Participants and investigators were not masked to group assignment. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and multiple pregnancy rates. Women who completed follow‐up were included in analyses.ResultsThe intervention group included 52 women and the control group 53 women. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (37% [n=19]) than in the control group (13% [n=7]; P=0.006). No differences between the intervention and control groups were noted for spontaneous abortion rate (11% [2/19] vs 29% [2/7]; P=0.287) or multiple pregnancy rate (11% [2/19] vs 14% [1/7]; P=0.790). No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionEndometrial injury before ovulation induction could improve chances of pregnancy and its outcomes.ClinicalTrials.govNCT02345837.
Icteric human samples: Icterus index and method of estimating an interference‐free value for 16 biochemical analyses
Authors: Nicolay Alain , Lorec Anne‐Marie , Gomez Guy , Portugal Henri 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundHemolysis, Icterus, and Lipemia constituting the HIL index, are the most common causes of interference with accurate measurement in biochemistry. This study focuses on bilirubin interference, aiming to identify the analyses impacted and proposing a way to predict nominal interference‐free analyte concentrations, based on both analyte level and Icterus Index (Iict).MethodsSixteen common analytes were studied: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (CHOLT), creatinine (CREA, enzymatic method), fructosamine (FRUC), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), total iron (Iron), lipase (LIP), inorganic phosphorus (Phos), total protein (PROT), triglycerides (TG), and uric acid (UA). Both the traditional 10% change in concentrations from baseline and the Total Change Level (TCL) were taken as acceptance limits. Nineteen pools of sera covering a wide range of values were tested on the Cobas® 6000 (Roche Diagnostics). Iict ranged from 0 to 60.ResultsEight analytes increased (FRUC and Phos) or decreased (CHOLT, CREA, HDLc, PROT, TG, and UA) significantly when Iict increased. FRUC, HDLc, PROT, and UA showed a linear relationship when Iict increased. A non‐linear relationship was found for TG, CREA, and for CHOLT; this also depended on analyte levels. Others were not impacted, even at high Iict.ConclusionsA method of estimating an interference‐free value for FRUC, HDLc, PROT, Phos, UA, TG, and CREA, and for CHOLT in cases of cholestasis, is proposed. Iict levels are identified based on analytical performance goals, and equations to recalculate interference‐free values are also proposed.
Additional values of high‐resolution gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR cholangiography for evaluating the biliary anatomy of living liver donors: Comparison with T2‐weighted MR cholangiography and conventional gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR cholangiography
Authors: Kang Hyo‐Jin , Lee Jeong Min , Yoon Jeong Hee , Joo Ijin , Chang Won , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Han Joon Koo 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo determine the incremental value of small field of view (sFOV) high‐resolution (HR) gadoxetic acid‐enhanced 3D T1‐weighted (W) magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) for evaluating the biliary anatomy of potential living donors by comparing it to T2W‐MRC.Materials and MethodsIn all, 73 living donor candidates underwent gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (3.0T) including three kinds of MRCs: 3D multislice T2W‐MRC, regular FOV (rFOV) (380 × 380mm, resolution 1.0 × 1.2 × 3.0 mm) 3D T1W‐MRC, and sFOV (256 × 208 mm, resolution 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm) HR‐T1W‐MRC. Three radiologists reviewed the image sets for the visibility of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs), biliary anatomy with its confidence level, and expected number of BD openings at right hemihepatectomy.ResultsCompared to T2W‐MRC alone, the combination of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC and T2W‐MRC (sT1W‐HR set) yielded significantly improved BD visibility scores (P < 0.01) and confidence levels for biliary anatomy (P < 0.01). Compared to the rT1W set (rFOV T1W‐MRC with T2W MRC), the sFOV HR set showed significantly increased caudate duct visibility (P < 0.001). In the case of T2W‐MRC presenting subdiagnostic image quality, the addition of sFOV HRT1W‐MRC provided diagnostically acceptable image visibility (53.8∼90%) to all reviewers. The addition of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC resulted in a significantly higher consistency with the operative record and expected number of BD openings than did T2W‐MRC alone (P < 0.05 in all reviewers) or rFOV set (P < 0.05 in one reviewer) with excellent interobserver agreement of both T1W‐MRC sets.ConclusionThe combination of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC and T2W‐MRC significantly improved BD visibility and confidence levels for biliary anatomy compared to T2W‐MRC alone, thereby allowing accurate biliary anatomy assessment in most patients with subdiagnostic T2W‐MRC images.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:152–159.
Influence ofENSO,ENSOModoki, and theIPOon tropical cyclogenesis: a spatial analysis of the southwest Pacific region
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Verdon‐Kidd Danielle C. , Diamond Howard J. , Kiem Anthony S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTropical cyclones (TCs) pose a significant risk to the nations and territories of the southwest Pacific (SWP). The spatio‐temporal variability ofTCsmakes it challenging to forecast where and when aTCis likely to develop. Therefore, the aim of this study is to better understand the link between large‐scale climatic variability, the environmental conditions required for tropical cyclogenesis (TCgenesis), and the spatial variability ofTCactivity. Three modes of climate variability are investigated: (1) El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (2)ENSOModoki, and (3) the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO); along withTCgenesis parameters: sea surface temperature; 700hParelative humidity; 700hPavorticity; and vertical wind shear (difference between 200hPaand 850hPawinds). Our findings reaffirm the well‐established northeast/southwest modulation ofTCactivity according to El Niño (EN)/La Niña (LN) using an extendedTCdataset (1945–2011). In addition, new insights into howENSOModoki and theIPOmodulateTCactivity according to phase and season are identified. Importantly, we show that depending on phase, theIPOcan enhance or alter the spatial modulation ofTCgenesis duringENSO/ENSOModoki events, in favour of the northeast/southwest modulations typical ofIPOpositive/negative events. This is particularly the case during the latter half of theSWP TCseason. For example,ENevents that occur withinIPOpositive (negative) epochs result in a shift ofTCactivity up to 1087 km (1288 km) further east (west) during February to April, compared to the typical location ofTCactivity duringENevents. Importantly, these statistical relationships are also associated with anomalously favourable genesis parameters, providing some insights into the physical mechanisms behind the modulations. The findings of this study provide baseline metrics with which to compare climate model simulations and may also facilitate improved seasonal outlooks and better quantification ofTC‐related risks for the vulnerable island nations and territories of theSWP.
Impact assessment of climate change on rice productivity in the Indochinese Peninsula using a regional‐scale crop model
Authors: Li Sanai , Wang Qingguo , Chun J.A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn order to assess the impact of climate change on rice yields for the Indochina peninsula region, a regional rice model was forced with climate variables fromCORDEX‐East Asia climate models. The future climate's impact on rice yield varies between countries, and it is dependent on both current climate conditions and the projected future climate. Climate change alone would lead to a 3.5–23.2% and 5.8–27.2% reduction in rice yield for the 2020s and 2040s, respectively, in the Indochinese peninsula, with the largest decreases in Cambodia. The negative impacts of climate change on rice can be partly offset by the positive effect ofCO2fertilization. For the Indochinese peninsula regions, changes in rice yield are quite sensitive to increases in temperature, and each one‐degree increase in temperature can cause about a 10.26% reduction in rice yields. The uncertainty in the predicted temperature from the regional climate models used contributed to approximately 59.7% of the uncertainty in rice yield projections. This result implies that the uncertainty in the projected temperatures from climate models could be one of the major sources of uncertainty in impact assessments. In this study, adaptation strategies, including changes in planting dates and use of irrigation and heat tolerant varieties, were tested. The use of tolerant varieties and shifting planting date are simple management responses that may offset a small part of the negative impact of climate change. For all the countries in the Indochinese peninsula, theCO2fertilization effect and irrigation can offset most of the negative impacts caused by climate change by 2050, and irrigation is an effective adaptation method.
Evolution of the oxidative stability, bio‐active compounds and color characteristics of non‐thermally treated vegetable pâtés during frozen storage
Authors: Cosmai Lucrezia , Caponio Francesco , Pasqualone Antonella , Paradiso Vito M , Summo Carmine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies have investigated the effects of frozen storage on processed vegetables. The present study evaluates its effects on the quality characteristics of non‐thermally stabilized tomato‐based pâtés compared to thermally stabilized pâtés stored at room temperature. Two different types of tomato‐based pâtés were analyzed in terms of bio‐active compounds, as well as colorimetric parameters and oxidative degradation just after processing and also after 4, 8 and 12 months of storage.RESULTSThermal treatment mainly affected the colorimetric parameters and oxidative degradation, whereas its effects on bio‐active compounds became more visible and significant during storage. Freezing allowed in both pâtés to maintain significantly higher a* values than storage at room temperature, whereas brightness, which is linked to residual activities of different enzymes, varied during storage according to the ingredient formulation. During storage, oxidative degradation of the lipid fraction was more marked in the pâté containing a lower quality oil, and less marked when the absence of thermal treatment was combined with frozen storage.CONCLUSIONFreezing could represent a viable alternative way to preserve high‐quality products over time. An optimal combination of blanching, freezing rate, storage and thawing conditions will provide the best results in terms of the quality/price ratio. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The application of compound‐specific isotope analysis of fatty acids for traceability of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in the coastal areas of China
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Xufeng , Li Ying , Wang Haixia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGeographical origin traceability is an important issue for controlling the quality of seafood and safeguarding the interest of consumers. In the present study, a new method of compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids was established to evaluate its applicability in establishing the origin traceability of Apostichopus japonicus in the coastal areas of China. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to distinguish between the origins of A. japonicus.RESULTSThe results show that the stable carbon isotope compositions of fatty acids of A. japonicus significantly differ in terms of both season and origin. They also indicate that the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids could effectively discriminate between the origins of A. japonicus, except for between Changhai Island and Zhangzi Island in the spring of 2016 because of geographical proximity or the similarity of food sources. The fatty acids that have the highest contribution to identifying the geographical origins of A. japonicus are C22:6n‐3, C16:1n‐7, C20:5n‐3, C18:0 and C23:1n‐9, when considering the fatty acid contents, the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids and the results of the PCA and DA.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that CSIA of fatty acids, combined with multivariate statistical analysis such as PCA and DA, may be an effective tool for establishing the traceability of A. japonicus in the coastal areas of China. The relevant conclusions of the present study provide a new method for determining the traceability of seafood or other food products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Is meat quality of forage‐fed steers comparable to the meat quality of conventional beef from concentrate‐fed bulls?
Authors: Blanco Mireia , Casasús Isabel , Ripoll Guillermo , Albertí Pere , Panea Begoña , Joy Margalida 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDReplacing concentrates with forages in the diet of finishing cattle to satisfy societal demands and for economic reasons is a target for beef farmers, but this change may affect meat acceptance. In the Mediterranean area, young bulls are usually finished on concentrates (Conventional beef). Alternatively, steers can be finished on grass with supplements (G‐supp); however, if carcasses are too lean, meat quality may be negatively affected. To increase fat deposition, grazing steers were finished on a total mixed ration composed of alfalfa hay and corn (TMR). Thus the objective of the study was to compare the quality of Longissimus muscle of the three systems.RESULTSConventional beef had low yellowness and similar lightness and redness values compared with the beef from the forage‐based systems, which differed slightly. The meat of the G‐supp and TMR steers had higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents and lower n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio (more appropriate from a human health point of view) but was tougher than the Conventional beef.CONCLUSIONThe Conventional beef was better accepted by consumers than the beef from both forage‐based systems because it was the most tender. Thus tenderness of meat from forage‐fed steers should be improved to ensure consumer acceptance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
9.1‐inch stretchable AMOLED display based on LTPS technology
Authors: Hong Jong‐Ho , Shin Jae Min , Kim Gun Mo , Joo Hyejin , Park Gyung Soon , Hwang In Bom , Kim Min Woo , Park Won‐Sang , Chu Hye Yong , Kim Sungchul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this work, we report a freeform shaped active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. It was found that our AMOLED, developed with a unique pixel structure, can withstand in various desired shapes featuring its stretchable property with no degradation of image quality and device characteristics. We demonstrated unprecedented convex/concave shape of the 9.1‐inch AMOLED display by low‐temperature thermoforming process. The AMOLED display with freeform design is promising for future display applications such as automotive, Internet of things devices, and wearable electronics.
Oral sensory dysfunction following radiotherapy
Authors: Bearelly Shethal , Wang Steven J. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess differences in oral tactile sensation between subjects who have undergone radiation therapy (XRT) compared to healthy controls.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort comparison.MethodsThirty‐four subjects with a history of XRT were compared with 23 healthy controls. There was no difference in age (P = .23), but there were slightly more males in the XRT cohort (P = .03). The mean (standard deviation) time after XRT completion was 3.84 (4.84) years. Fifty‐six percent of the XRT cohort received chemotherapy. Using our previously validated methodology to measure oral tactile sensory threshold quantitatively with Cheung‐Bearelly monofilaments, sensory thresholds of four subsites (anterior tongue, buccal mucosa, posterior tongue, soft palate) were compared for the two cohorts.ResultsSite‐by‐site comparisons showed higher forces were required for stimulus detection at all four subsites among subjects in the XRT cohort compared to healthy controls. Mean force in grams for XRT versus control cohorts were: anterior tongue, 0.39 (1.0) versus 0.02 (0.01); buccal mucosa, 0.42 (0.95) versus 0.06 (0.05); posterior tongue, 0.76 (1.46) versus 0.10 (0.07); and soft palate, 0.86 (1.47) versus 0.08 (0.05) (P < .001 for all comparisons). Combining all four subsites into a single metric to assess an overall level of oral tactile dysfunction, the XRT cohort had reduced sensation by 18.7 dB (P < .001).ConclusionsAfter radiation therapy, the oral cavity and oropharynx exhibit global tactile sensory dysfunction, manifested by increased tactile forces required for stimulus detection. The magnitude of sensory impairment is 18.7 dB.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 127:2282–2286, 2017
Active demultiplexing of single photons from a solid‐state source
Authors: Lenzini Francesco , Haylock Ben , Loredo Juan C. , Abrahão Raphael A. , Zakaria Nor A. , Kasture Sachin , Sagnes Isabelle , Lemaitre Aristide , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Dao Dzung Viet , Senellart Pascale , Almeida Marcelo P. , White Andrew G. , Lobino Mirko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA scheme for active temporal‐to‐spatial demultiplexing of single photons generated by a solid‐state source is introduced. The scheme scales quasi‐polynomially with photon number, providing a viable technological path for routing n photons in the one temporal stream from a single emitter to n different spatial modes. Active demultiplexing is demonstrated using a state‐of‐the‐art photon source—a quantum‐dot deterministically coupled to a micropillar cavity—and a custom‐built demultiplexer—a network of electro‐optically reconfigurable waveguides monolithically integrated in a lithium niobate chip. The measured demultiplexer performance can enable a six‐photon rate three orders of magnitude higher than the equivalent heralded SPDC source, providing a platform for intermediate quantum computation protocols.
image