bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irradiation of localized squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule
Authors: Vanneste Ben G. L. , Lopez–Yurda Marta , Tan I. Bing , Balm Alfons J. M. , Borst Gerben R. , Rasch Coen R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term results of primary radiotherapy treatment for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal vestibule.MethodsEighty‐one patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and/or interstitial radiotherapy (IRT) for a primary, localized, Wang classified SCC of the nasal vestibule.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 38 months. T1 tumors were treated with IRT: we observed 1 local failure (at 13 months) among 48 patients (5‐year local control rate of 97%). Most T2 tumors (20 of 26) were treated with EBRT. There were 8 local recurrences among 26 patients (5‐year local control rate of 68%). For the T3 tumors (n = 7; all treated with EBRT), we observed local recurrence in 2 patients (5‐year local control rate of 53%). The late‐term side effects were relatively mild.ConclusionLocal primary radiotherapy (either IRT for T1 or EBRT for T2/3) is an adequate treatment for SCC of the nasal vestibule with little late sequelae. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1870–E1875, 2016
Prognostic value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wong B. Y. Winson , Stafford Nicholas D. , Green Victoria L. , Greenman John 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been found to be predictive of survival outcome in a range of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment (NLR) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 140 patients with laryngeal SCC treated between 2005 and 2010 in the Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust was carried out. Patient records were evaluated and both pretreatment neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were documented together with survival data, sex, smoking status, nodal classification, and disease staging.ResultsAn elevated NLR was significantly associated with advanced disease stage (eg, node‐positive and tumors stage III and IV). In addition, a high NLR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) but not disease‐free survival (DFS) on multivariate analysis, with the greatest significance seen in patients with the highest NLR.ConclusionPretreatment NLR may serve as a useful prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC; however, a large prospective study is required to determine an optimal NLR cutoff value. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1903–E1908, 2016
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PARENT‐PERCEIVED CHILD CHARACTERISTICS TO VARIATION IN CHILD FEEDING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Aldridge Victoria K. , Dovey Terence M. , Martin Clarissa I. , Meyer Caroline 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined the relative impact of co‐occurring child characteristics on problematic feeding behavior. The aim of the current study was to assess the relative contributions of parent‐perceived child characteristics in multivariable models of child feeding behavior. One hundred sixty‐one mothers reported on their child's feeding behavior and a number of key child characteristics. These characteristics were entered into controlled multivariable models of child feeding behavior, using child and parent frequency domains of the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS; W. Crist et al., ) as outcome measures. Child feeding problems were positively associated with food neophobia and external behavioral and social issues, but not with most domains of temperamental difficulty or sensory sensitivity. Feeding problem frequency was associated with externalizing symptoms whereas parental perceptions of problems and coping were associated with social‐interaction problems in the child. Population feeding problems appear to be external and interactive problems rather than driven by innate or internalizing factors. The association with externalizing symptoms suggests that feeding problems at this level may fall within a wider profile of challenging behavior; however, the existence of problematic feeding behaviors may constitute a challenge for parents only when the child's social interactions also are seen to be deficient.
RESTORING SAFETY: AN ATTACHMENT‐BASED APPROACH TO CLINICAL WORK WITH A TRAUMATIZED TODDLER
Authors: Ribaudo Julie 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis clinical case study explores the integration of infancy research, brain development, attachment theory, and models of infant–parent/child–parent psychotherapy to address the needs of abused and neglected young children placed in foster or adoptive homes. Traumatized children employ defensive strategies to survive when there is no “good enough” caregiver (D.W. Winnicott, , p. 94), and helping professionals can provide therapeutic experiences to develop or restore a child's sense of safety. With the case example of Anthony and his foster/adoptive parents, I illustrate how to manage and contain a traumatized child's terror, rage, and grief through therapeutic sessions with the parent and child together, and supportive parental guidance. I promote attention to the child's ability to self‐integrate and to regulate his own affect, and encourages secure‐base parental responses that facilitate a child's shift toward secure attachment behavior.
Substrate quality affects microbial‐ and enzyme activities in rooted soil
Authors: Loeppmann Sebastian , Semenov Mikhail , Blagodatskaya Evgenia , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe rhizosphere reflects a sphere of high substrate input by means of rhizodeposits. Active microorganisms and extracellular enzymes are known to be responsible for substrate utilization in soil, especially in rooted soil. We tested for microbial‐ and enzyme activities in arable soil, in order to investigate the effects of continuous input of easily available organics (e.g., root‐exudates) to the microbial community. In a field experiment with maize, rooted and root‐free soil were analyzed and rhizosphere processes were linked to microbial activity indicators such as specific microbial growth rates and kinetics of six hydrolytic extracellular enzymes: β‐glucosidase, β‐cellobiohydrolase, β‐xylosidase, acid phosphatase, leucine‐ and tyrosine‐aminopeptidase.Higher potential activities of leucine‐aminopeptidase (2‐fold) for rooted vs. root‐free soil suggested increased costs of enzyme production, which retarded the specific microbial growth rates. Total microbial biomass determined by the substrate‐induced respiration technique and dsDNA extraction method was 23% and 42% higher in the rooted surface‐layer (0–10 cm) compared to the root‐free soil, respectively. For the rooted soil, potential enzyme activities of β‐glucosidase were reduced by 23% and acid phosphatase by 25%, and increased by 300% for β‐cellobiohydrolase at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface‐layer. The actively growing microbial biomass increased by the 17‐fold in rooted soil in the 10–20 cm layer compared to the upper 10 cm. Despite the specific microbial growth rates showing no changes in the presence of roots, these rates decreased by 42% at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface‐layer. This suggests the dominance in abundances of highly active but slower growing microbes with depth, reflecting also their slower turnover. Shifts in microbial growth strategy, upregulation of enzyme production and increased microbial respiration indicate strong root effects in maize planted soil.
Structural disruption of arable soils under laboratory conditions causes minor respiration increases
Authors: Kainiemi Veera , Kirchmann Holger , Kätterer Thomas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrevious field studies in N Europe have shown that the impact of soil tillage on soil respiration is mostly indirect, caused by altered distribution of plant residues in soil affecting decomposition of residues. Tillage operations alter soil moisture and temperature conditions in soil, which control decomposition dynamics. Experiments under laboratory conditions allow indirect effects of altered residue decomposition to be distinguished from direct effects of mechanical disruption, i.e., the increased exposure of substrates within aggregates and micropores upon tillage. This study examined the effects of physical disruption of soils with different soil texture, land‐use history, and soil organic C content on soil respiration under controlled abiotic conditions. Undisturbed soil samples from 7 sites (arable land and grassland) were incubated at 20°C and three different water potentials (–1, –10, and –30 kPa). Soil respiration was measured before and after physical disruption with laboratory homogenizer, using an automated respiration apparatus. Soil organic C, water content, and bulk density explained 67% of the variation in base respiration. In half of the disrupted samples, bulk density was re‐adjusted by re‐compaction to conditions prevailing before disruption. Disruption and re‐compaction generally resulted in higher respiration flushes than disruption alone. Respiration peaks increased with water content. However, total C losses were small and corresponded to < 0.1 Mg C ha−1. Overall, physical soil disruption increased decomposition of soil organic matter only marginally and temporarily. It would be difficult to detect an effect of tillage on soil organic matter decomposition under field conditions.
Miniature plankton columns to study the depth distribution of zooplankton at gradients of food, predation risk, temperature, and UV radiation
Authors: Maszczyk Piotr 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe a novel and comprehensive small‐scale experimental system consisting of twin vertical columns used to study the depth selection of planktonic animals. The system allows simultaneous observations to be made of changes in depth distribution at individual and population levels with minimized constraints restricting the movements of an individual, compared to earlier efforts with other miniaturized experimental systems. It also secures constant and reproducible vertical gradients of temperature, visible light, UV radiation, algal concentrations, and light intensity and spectrum in the visible range. This system mimics a natural combination of field conditions, albeit at a diminished scale, with each gradient independently of the others. The research capability of the system is demonstrated by the preliminary results of a simple experiment in which the depth distribution of a group of Daphnia and the depth selection by a single Daphnia in each of the four gradients was recorded.
Reduced venous thrombosis and re‐exploration time with anastomotic coupling device: A cohort study
Authors: Coroneos Christopher J. , Voineskos Sophocles H. , Heller Adrian M. , Avram Ronen 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveIn the anastomotic coupling device literature, no comparative study has reported operative times, included consecutive patients, or used a matched comparison group. Our objective was to analyze patency and operative time in free flaps with venous anastomoses performed with ACD versus hand‐sewn. Methods: For consecutive free flaps, re‐explorations and complications were reviewed in duplicate. Operative times for ACD versus hand‐sewn were compared for: (1) matched unilateral DIEPs, and (2) re‐explorations. Results: Overall, 147 ACD and 144 hand‐sewn flaps were included. Venous thrombosis was significantly lower with ACD (1/147[1%] vs.9/144[6%], P < 0.01). There was no difference in re‐exploration for venous insufficiency, or overall re‐exploration. Re‐exploration time was significantly shorter with ACD (69mins vs.205mins, P = 0.009). Conclusions: ACD significantly decreases venous thrombosis compared to hand‐sewn veins, and significantly shortens re‐exploration time. Outcomes allow an estimate of cost utility for the ACD in decreasing venous thromboses and shortening re‐exploration time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:372–377, 2016.
Diffusion in realistic biophysical systems can lead to aliasing effects in diffusion spectrum imaging
Authors: Lacerda Luis M. , Sperl Jonathan I. , Menzel Marion I. , Sprenger Tim , Barker Gareth J. , Dell'Acqua Flavio 
Published: December 2015

PurposeDiffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is an imaging technique that has been successfully applied to resolve white matter crossings in the human brain. However, its accuracy in complex microstructure environments has not been well characterized.Theory and MethodsHere we have simulated different tissue configurations, sampling schemes, and processing steps to evaluate DSI performances' under realistic biophysical conditions. A novel approach to compute the orientation distribution function (ODF) has also been developed to include biophysical constraints, namely integration ranges compatible with axial fiber diffusivities.ResultsPerformed simulations identified several DSI configurations that consistently show aliasing artifacts caused by fast diffusion components for both isotropic diffusion and fiber configurations. The proposed method for ODF computation showed some improvement in reducing such artifacts and improving the ability to resolve crossings, while keeping the quantitative nature of the ODF.ConclusionIn this study, we identified an important limitation of current DSI implementations, specifically the presence of aliasing due to fast diffusion components like those from pathological tissues, which are not well characterized, and can lead to artifactual fiber reconstructions. To minimize this issue, a new way of computing the ODF was introduced, which removes most of these artifacts and offers improved angular resolution. Magn Reson Med 76:1837–1847, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Real‐time monitoring of inertial cavitation effects of microbubbles by using MRI: In vitro experiments
Authors: Peng Hsu‐Hsia , Wu Chen‐Hua , Kang Shih‐Tsung , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Liu Hao‐Li , Chen Wen‐Shiang , Wang Chung‐Hsin , Yeh Chih‐Kuang 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) for real‐time monitoring of signal changes because of water flow induced by inertial cavitation (IC) during microbubbles (MBs)‐present focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure.Theory and MethodsStrong turbulence produced in MB solution at the onset of IC results in the difficulty to refocus signal echoes and thus the decrease in signal intensity (SI). Fundamental investigations were conducted using an agar phantom containing MB dilutions exposed to 1.85‐MHz FUS. The effects of various experimental conditions including MB concentrations, imaging slice thicknesses, chamber diameters, acoustic pressures, duty cycles, and pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) were discussed.ResultsContinuous 2.8 MPa FUS exposure resulted in SI changed from 11% to 55% when MBs concentrations increased from 0.025% to 0.1%. When slice thickness increased from 3 mm to 6 or 8 mm, smaller SI changes were observed (84%, 59%, and 46%). Images acquired with chamber diameter of 6 and 3 mm showed SI changes of 84% and 35%, respectively. In burst modes, higher duty cycles exhibited higher SI changes, and lower PRFs exhibited smaller and longer SI decrease.ConclusionUnder various conditions, substantial signal changes were observable, suggesting the feasibility of applying HASTE to real‐time monitor IC effect under FUS exposure. Magn Reson Med 77:102–111, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multi‐scale modeling method for heterogeneous structures without scale separation using a filter‐based homogenization scheme
Authors: Tognevi A. , Guerich M. , Yvonnet J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryA method is proposed to compute the response of highly heterogeneous structures by constructing homogenized models when no scale separation can be assumed. The technique is based on an extended homogenization scheme where the averaging operators are replaced by linear filters to cut off fine scale fluctuations, while maintaining locally varying mechanical fields with larger wavelength. As a result, the constitutive law at an intermediate scale, called mesoscale, arises to be naturally nonlocal by construction, where the kernel operator is fully constructed by computations on the unit cell associated with the microstructure. A displacement‐based numerical strategy is developed to implement the technique in a classical finite element framework and does not require higher‐order elements. The methodology is applied to construct simplified models of heterogeneous structures subjected to loads, which have a characteristic wavelength comparable with the dimensions of the heterogeneities or in presence of strong strain localization as in cracked heterogeneous structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of water and non‐nutritive sweetened beverages on weight loss and weight maintenance: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Peters John C. , Beck Jimikaye , Cardel Michelle , Wyatt Holly R. , Foster Gary D. , Pan Zhaoxing , Wojtanowski Alexis C. , Vander Veur Stephanie S. , Herring Sharon J. , Brill Carrie , Hill James O. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of water versus beverages sweetened with non‐nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on body weight in subjects enrolled in a year‐long behavioral weight loss treatment program.MethodsThe study used a randomized equivalence design with NNS or water beverages as the main factor in a trial among 303 weight‐stable people with overweight and obesity. All participants participated in a weight loss program plus assignment to consume 24 ounces (710 ml) of water or NNS beverages daily for 1 year.ResultsNNS and water treatments were non‐equivalent, with NNS treatment showing greater weight loss at the end of 1 year. At 1 year subjects receiving water had maintained a 2.45 ± 5.59 kg weight loss while those receiving NNS beverages maintained a loss of 6.21 ± 7.65 kg (P < 0.001 for difference).ConclusionsWater and NNS beverages were not equivalent for weight loss and maintenance during a 1‐year behavioral treatment program. NNS beverages were superior for weight loss and weight maintenance in a population consisting of regular users of NNS beverages who either maintained or discontinued consumption of these beverages and consumed water during a structured weight loss program. These results suggest that NNS beverages can be an effective tool for weight loss and maintenance within the context of a weight management program.
Jejunum–ileum circuit procedure improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats independent of weight loss
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Zhang Xiang , Liu Teng , Zhong Mingwei , Wan Houmin , Liu Shaozhuang , Zhang Guangyong , Kassab Ghassan S. , Hu Sanyuan 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo introduce a lower‐risk novel surgical procedure to achieve diabetes reversal along with associated hormonal changes.MethodsDiabetic rats were randomly assigned to jejunum–ileum circuit (JIC), sham‐JIC, ileal interposition (IT), and sham‐IT groups. The JIC group included two subgroups: short (JIC‐S) and long (JIC‐L), based on the length between anastomosis and Treitz ligament (LAT). The body weight, food intake, blood glucose, glucose and insulin tolerance, and gut hormones were measured. The liver gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and protein expression of glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6P) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PKC) were also measured. Following a dye infusion, nutrient delivery was measured at termination day.ResultsCompared to sham‐JIC group, JIC‐S group did not reduce body weight or food intake but significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. With fast chyme transit, JIC‐S not only promoted the secretion of insulin, glucagon‐like peptide 1, and peptide YY and decreased leptin, but also upregulated hepatic GLUT2 and downregulated hepatic G6P and PKC. JIC‐L group, however, failed to achieve remission of diabetes.ConclusionJIC‐S relieves diabetes independent of weight loss, as it promotes the secretion of anti‐diabetic hormones and inhibits hepatic glucose production. The prolonging of LAT, however, diminishes the hypoglycemic effect.
Chromosomal anomalies in early spontaneous abortions: interphase FISH analysis on 855 FFPE first trimester abortions
Authors: Russo Rosa , Sessa Anna Maria , Fumo Rosalba , Gaeta Sara 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveCytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortuses presents at least two main challenges, cell culture failure, and excess of normal female karyotypes related to maternal cell contamination (MCC). Molecular cytogenetic techniques using uncultured cell suspension overcome cell culture failure, but do not resolve MCC at all. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate that interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on routine formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) abortive materials is an efficient method to identify chromosomal anomalies in abortuses and to detect MCC.MethodInterphase FISH with a panel of eight probes was applied on 855 FFPE consecutive early spontaneous abortions.ResultsMale/female ratio was 0.88 in the complete sample, 0.9 in the group of negative FISH result, and 0.8 in the group with abnormal FISH results, suggesting that no gender predominance was present in our data. The aneuploidy rate was 50.3%. Autosomal trisomies were 60%, polyploidies 23.2%, and X monosomy 14%. Chromosomal mosaicism was discovered in 1.9% with six cases of confined placental mosaicism.ConclusionFISH on FFPE abortion materials appears to be a successful approach to detect chromosomal anomalies in abortions. Moreover, the preservation of the tissue morphology allows the analysis of only the fetal cells, making the presence of maternal tissues irrelevant. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular‐level structures at poly(4‐vinyl pyridine)/acid interfaces probed by nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Mingcong , Li Bolin , Chen Zhan , Lu Xiaolin 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe molecular structures of the interfaces between a solid poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) surface and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as well as hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions were probed using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy in situ in real time. Spectroscopic results clearly reveal that the PAA molecules are adsorbed onto the P4VP surface via hydrogen bonding at the P4VP/PAA solution interface while the P4VP surface is protonated at the P4VP/HCl solution interface. Consequently, the water molecules near the interfaces are strongly perturbed by these two interactions, exhibiting different orderings at the two interfaces. This work clearly demonstrates the power of studying the interfacial molecular‐level structures via nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy when molecular adsorption happens at the solid–liquid interface and paves a way for our future study on tracing the adsorption dynamics of polymer chains onto solid surfaces. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 848–852