bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of FtsK mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Chen Xiang , Gao Song , Zhao Lixiang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a leading cause of extraintestinal infection and heavy economic losses. Imparting immunity after vaccination with live attenuated strain vaccination is an ideal strategy for infection control. This study considers an FtsK knockout mutant strain as a candidate. Material and Methods: An FtsK knockout mutant of APEC strain E058 was constructed and the pathogenicity of the mutant and wild-type strains was further evaluated in chickens. Results: The 50% lethal doses of each strain for one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens challenged experimentally via trachea were 105.5 and 107.0 colony-forming units (CFU) respectively. Chickens challenged with the wild-type strain exhibited typical signs and lesions of avian colibacillosis, while those inoculated with the mutant strain showed mild pericarditis and pulmonary congestion. The growth rate of the FtsK mutant strain was much slower than the wild-type strain in the heart, spleen, liver, and lung of infected chickens. Conclusion: These results indicated that the APEC FtsK mutant can be attenuated for chickens, and that this mutant has the potential for the development of an APEC vaccine.
In vitro drug sensitivity in canine lymphoma
Authors: Pawlak Aleksandra , Obmińska-Mrukowicz Bożena , Zbyryt Iwona , Rapak Andrzej 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high heterogeneity of canine lymphoma, the aim of the present study was to test in vitro the chemosensitivity of canine high-grade primary lymphoma cells to various cytostatic drugs commonly used to treat dogs: 4-HO-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, prednisolone, vincristine, etoposide, chlorambucil, lomustine, and cytosine arabinoside. Material and Methods: To determine the cell viability and drug ability to induce apoptosis two different tests were used: an MTT assay and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Results: Both in vitro tests were found to be useful tools. Significant differences in the sensitivity, depending on the drug type, between B-, T- and mixed/null-type lymphoma cells were found for the majority of the tested drugs. B-type cells were the most sensitive in vitro, whereas T-type cells seemed to be the most resistant. Doxorubicin, chlorambucil, etoposide, and vincristine most strongly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: In vitro assays, such as the MTT test and especially the annexin V/PI assay, may be useful tools for predicting a response to the treatment of high-grade lymphoma in dogs or improving the treatment outcomes in individual animals.
2-DE-MS based proteomic investigation of dairy cows with footrot
Authors: Zheng Jiasan , Shu Shi , Xia Cheng , Xu Chuang , Zhang Hongyou , Wang Hongbin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The differentially expressed proteins between healthy cows and those with footrot were identified to explore changes in protein profiles associated with the disease. Material and Methods: Out of 36 cows selected for the experiment, 18 footrot-affected cows were included in the treatment group (group T) and 18 unaffected cows were included in the control group (group C). Plasma samples from groups T and C were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics, including gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis, was used for analysing all proteins. Results: Out of 63 spots identified by 2DE, 33 were selected for mass spectrum analysis, which identified 11 differentially expressed proteins in 26 spots. Footrot led to changes in profiles in plasma proteins that were classified to the pathway of inflammatory response, complement, and blood coagulation, among others. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the defence mechanisms of cows with footrot to explore strategies for treatment.
Diagnostics of Breakdown of Cutting Tools of Axial Cutting Head of the П110-04 Type Heading Machine
Authors: Shabaev О. Е. , Bridun I. I. , Moroz О. К. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe operation of a heading machine with an out-of-work cutting tool can cause essential reduction of the machine element resource. The diagnostics of the cutting tool breakdown on the longitudinal axial cutting head in the real - time mode can be implemented on the basis of the spectral decomposition of the current of the cutting engine of the cutting unit. The ratio of the coefficients of the spectral decomposition corresponding to the cutting head rotation frequency and its threefold value can be the parameter under the diagnosis.
The Problems of Maintenance of Drainage Devices Within Municipal and District Roads
Authors: Respondek Zbigniew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents technical aspects of maintenance of proper condition of drainage devices of public roads, and municipal and district roads in particular. The importance of road drainage is discussed, basic surface drainage devices discussed together with their location within the road. With use of actual examples we indicated the typical errors made during repairs and overhauls of the road, that have the consequence of disrupted continuity of drainage or the risk of quick loss of functions of drainage devices. The results of survey of technical condition of roadsides and the drainage device within a selected rural municipality were presented, indicating main problems of road keepers connected with keeping the drainage infrastructure in appropriate condition. The need of growing awareness in planning and designing road investment was indicated in the field of consequences of performing insufficient drainage.
Combining catalytical and biological processes to transform cellulose into high value-added products
Authors: Gavilà Lorenc , Güell Edgar J , Maru Biniam T , Medina Francesc , Constantí Magda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCellulose, the most abundant polymer of biomass, has an enormous potential as a source of chemicals and energy. However, its nature does not facilitate its exploitation in industry. As an entry point, here, two different strategies to hydrolyse cellulose are proposed. A solid and a liquid acid catalysts are tested. As a solid acid catalyst, zirconia and different zirconia-doped materials are proved, meanwhile liquid acid catalyst is carried out by sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid proved to hydrolyse 78% of cellulose, while zirconia doped with sulfur converted 22% of cellulose. Both hydrolysates were used for fermentation with different microbial strains depending on the desired product: Citrobacter freundii H3 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii, for H
Kontinuität und Kontingenz
Authors: Benz Stefan 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Il contributo esamina le idee che la ricerca storica e la pubblicistica intorno al 1600 si faceva del tempo prima della Riforma (il medioevo) sullo sfondo della biconfessionalità dominante nell’Europa centrale. A questo scopo si analizza la coscienza storica che a livello universale può scegliere tra la costruzione di continuità o la descrizione della contingenza per rielaborare eventi come la Riforma e per formare la memoria culturale. L’approccio è stato scelto perché i concetti di medioevo e di epoca non si erano ancora concretizzati (nel senso odierno). La formula, presa dalla teoria della storia, può dimostrare la sua validità, come dall’altra parte la sua ferma applicazione permetterà di arrivare a precisazioni storiche. Appare che tutti e due i gruppi confessionali disponevano di modelli di storia estremamente differenziati, tra cui si trovavano esplicitamente anche alcuni che per la rispettiva posizione religiosa nei confronti dell’evento della Riforma non erano scontati. I cattolici elogiavano il XVI secolo come nuova epoca della globalizzazione, e in questa prospettiva si poteva percepire il Medioevo successivamente come angusto e limitato, mentre i protestanti nel trattare l’arte medievale potevano letteralmente mettere in scena la continuità. Gli esempi provengono dalla storia regionale e dalla storia dell’epoca di orientamento giornalistico, si riferiscono a progetti editoriali di fonti relative alla lotta per le investiture e a ristrutturazioni di spazi ecclesiastici. La generale apertura e l’interesse verso il Medioevo avrebbero alla fine favorito la visione storica protestante che poteva presentarsi in una veste imparziale e oggettiva nei confronti di quell’epoca, in quanto essa stessa non ne faceva parte.
Tradizioni testuali e (ri)scrittura della storia. Il caso del Breve chronicon de rebus Siculis
Authors: Delle Donne Fulvio 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das so genannte Breve chronicon de rebus Siculis stellt eine wichtige Quelle dar, um historische Ereignisse wie den Kreuzzug Friedrichs II. zu identifizieren, bietet zugleich aber wichtige konkrete Einsichten in den typischen Prozess der Umschreibung von Chroniken. Zwei bedeutende, an bestimmten Textstellen weit voneinander abweichende Handschriften bezeugen diesen Vorgang. Beispielsweise fällt nicht nur der Schluss jeweils ganz anders aus, auch die Nachrichten werden immer wieder in einer anderen Form überliefert, z. B. die Zerstörung von Siponto und die Verbannung der Einwohner: Die Angaben zur Dauer des Exils und die Namen der Herrscher, die der Bevölkerung die Rückkehr erlaubten, weichen in den beiden Handschriften voneinander ab, doch diese Varianten passen sich problemlos in die Chronologie ein. Wenn wir dieses Phänomen abstrakt, d. h. unabhängig davon betrachten, wie mittelalterliche Chroniken zirkulierten und kopiert wurden, verzerrt zumindest einer der beiden Texte die historischen Fakten. Allerdings handelt es sich dabei keineswegs um eine „Fälschung“, weil man bei der philologischen Interpretation einer Chronik ganz anders vorgeht als bei der Auslegung einer Urkunde. Die Geschichtsschreibung ist ein Aspekt der menschlichen Erfahrung, der sich nicht unterdrücken läßt, und jeder, der einen Stift in der Hand hält, fühlt sich gezwungen, etwas über die Vergangenheit und die Gegenwart niederzuschreiben. In dem Moment aber, in dem ein Schreiber auf Informationen zurückgreift und sie weitergibt, ändert er sie auch, denn in den Prozess geht ein wesentlicher Teil seiner selbst ein. Vor allem der nicht professionelle Kopist gibt von ihm ausgewählte Nachrichten so wieder, dass sie sich seinen eigenen Interessen und seiner eigenen Lebenswelt einpassen lassen.
Antisemitische Strömungen im Movimento Femminile Italiano (1869–1916). Vorurteile, Konflikte und Reaktionen zwischen katholischem Anti- Laizismus und Anti-Judaismus
Authors: Nattermann Ruth 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Il presente contributo spiega le ragioni e lo sviluppo delle correnti antisemite all’interno del primo movimento femminile italiano, nel periodo fra la fine dell’800 e l’inizio della prima guerra mondiale. L’esame dei dibattiti e degli eventi rilevanti, finora trascurati dalla ricerca storica, si basa sugli archivi delle organizzazioni femminili laiche come pure di quelle cattoliche, le loro pubblicazioni, nonché degli archivi personali. La prima parte dell’articolo si concentra sulle relazioni ebree-cattoliche nell’ambito del primo movimento femminile italiano. Nella seconda parte vengono affrontate la crescente radicalizzazione dei dibattiti antiebraici fra attiviste cattoliche a partire dalla guerra libica 1911/12 e la transizione ad una polemica apertamente antisemita. L’articolo trae spirazione dalla tesi che le forti tendenze anti-laiche delle cattoliche organizzate venissero sostituite al più tardi dal 1912 in poi da pregiudizi antiebraici, destinati a rinforzarsi definitivamente durante il fascismo.
Fonti e studi sull’alto e pieno medioevo della Tuscia sud-orientale
Authors: Marrocchi Mario 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag wurdigt einige Neuerscheinungen von Editionen, Monographien und Tagungsbanden zur Geschichte der sudlichen Toskana zwischen dem 5. und 11. Jh. Neben einigen innovativen Quelleneditionen, die sich nicht nur auf Archivmaterial, der traditionellen Basis landesgeschichtlicher Arbeiten, beschranken, und archaologischen Studien werden die italienische Fassung einer 1990 auf Deutsch erschienenen Monographie zu einem Grenzkonflikt und drei Tagungsbande aus dem Bereich der Ordensgeschichte vorgestellt. Abschliesend werden Perspektiven fur die kunftige Forschung zu fruh- und hochmittelalterlichen Klostern in der Toskana umrissen.
DRUSUS PATER?
Authors: Strobl Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

RIASSUNTOUno dei principali obiettivi di Ettore Tolomei era quello di dimostrare la romanità o italianità del Sud-Tirolo/Alto Adige. In tale contesto s’imponeva anche la necessità di un mito di fondazione politico o di un heros ktistes. Tolomei lo trovò nella figura del generale romano Druso maggiore che nell’anno 15 avanti Cristo (insieme a suo fratello Tiberio) aveva conquistato per l’Impero romano gran parte delle Alpi centrali e pertanto anche i territori retici a sud del Brennero. A partire dagli anni Venti l’irredentista e nazionalista Tolomei creò un vero e proprio culto intorno all’antico romano che culminò nella richiesta di erigere un monumento a Druso nella piazza Walther, il cuore cittadino della Bolzano di lingua tedesca. Con un’instancabile campagna condotta a livello nazionale egli riuscì a convincere della sua idea numerosi studiosi dell’antichità e intellettuali, ma naufragò di fronte al veto di Benito Mussolini che nel 1935 aveva commissionato una copia della statua di Druso (Druso lateranense), ma alla fine non ne autorizzò il trasferimento a Bolzano per motivi legati alla politica estera. La campagna propagandistica di Tolomei fece però conoscere Druso su larga scala, e la sua figura venne recepita dalla stampa e le riviste specializzate, nei libri e dall’arte figurativa.
DIE FREIHEIT VON WORT UND SCHRIFT
Authors: Koller Alexander 
Published: April 2017

RIASSUNTO/ABSTRACTRecensione di/Review of:Kaspar Schoppe, Autobiographische Texte und BriefeBd. I: Philoteca Scioppiana. Eine frühneuzeitliche Autobiographie 1576-1630, 2 Teilbde., in Zusammenarbeit mit U. Jaitner-Hahner und J. Ramminger bearb. von Kl. Jaitner, München (C. H. Beck) 2004 (Bayerische Gelehrtenkorrespondenz II), 36*, 1404 S., 4 Abb., ISBN 3-406-10651-X, € 52.Bd. II: Briefe, Teilbd. 1: 1594-1609, Teilbd. 2: 1610-1619, Teilbd. 3: 1620-1632, Teilbd. 4: 1633-1649, Teilbd. 5: Biographien, Quellen und Literatur. Index der Zitate und Register zu den Briefen, bearb. von Kl. Jaitner, München (C. H. Beck) 2012 (Bayerische Gelehrtenkorrespondenz II), 56*, 3281 S., ISBN 978-3-10653-8, € 120.
DIE ZERSTÖRUNG DER CAPITULARIEN DES FONDACO DEI TEDESCHI IM SCHLOSS WÄSSERNDORF AM ENDE DES ZWEITEN WELTKRIEGES
Authors: Ressel Magnus 
Published: April 2017

RIASSUNTONonostante la situazione documentaria favorevole, da più di cento anni l’attenzione della ricerca si è rivolta solo raramente alla storia commerciale tra i territori tedeschi e veneziani nell’epoca moderna. Uno dei motivi ne è la distruzione di un importante fondo documentario della cosiddetta Nazione Alemana, ovvero il gruppo dei commercianti tedeschi a Venezia, avvenuta durante la seconda guerra mondiale per la coincidenza di molteplici tragiche circostanze. I capitolari del Fondaco dei Tedeschi, che erano stati portati dallo storico Freiherr Götz von Pölnitz a Schloss Wässerndorf in Franconia, furono colà bruciati negli ultimi giorni della guerra durante un’azione di rappresaglia eseguita dall’esercito americano. Anche se nella letteratura specialistica non mancano gli accenni alla distruzione dei capitolari, non si apprende quali documenti comprendessero e quali ne fossero i contenuti; restano sconosciute pure le circostanze in cui avvenne la loro distruzione, e non si precisa come potrebbero eventualmente essere sostituiti. Nel presente contributo si tenta di dare una risposta quanto più esauriente possibile a tali quesiti. Da una parte si vuole in tal modo aggiungere un ulteriore tassello alla storia delle distruzioni di archivi durante la seconda guerra mondiale, e dall’altra parte stimolare la ricerca sulla storia commerciale e dei contatti tra i territori tedeschi e veneziani nell’epoca moderna.
Spatial Dimensions of Sectoral Labor Productivity Convergence in Turkey: A Spatial Panel Data Approach
Authors: Çınar Tuğrul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate spatial dimensions of interregional labor productivity convergence in Turkey between 2005 and 2011 period in three sector disaggregation. We employed spatial panel data approach to investigate the absolute and conditional beta convergence. Annual gross value added per worker data has been used as labor productivity proxy for 26 sub-regions. Analysis results show us that absolute and conditional convergence is highly significant for all agriculture, industry and services sector and also in sectors total. We also found that, while industry, services and sectors total show significant spatial dependency, there is no strong evidence of spatial interaction in agriculture sector for Turkey. Structural problems of Turkish agriculture sector are considered to be the main reasons behind this finding.
Fast topological-shape optimization with boundary elements in two dimensions
Authors: Ostanin Igor A. , Zorin Denis N. , Oseledets Ivan V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Wide variety of engineering design problems can be formulated as constrained optimization problems where the shape and topology of the domain are optimized to reduce costs while satisfying certain constraints. Several mathematical approaches were developed to address the problem of finding optimal design of an engineered structure. Recent works [10, 23] have demonstrated the feasibility of boundary element method as a tool for topological-shape optimization. However, it was noted that the approach has certain drawbacks, and in particular high computational cost of the iterative optimization process. In this short note we suggest ways to address critical limitations of boundary element method as a tool for topological-shape optimization. We validate our approaches by supplementing the existing complex variables boundary element code for elastostatic problems with robust tools for the fast topological-shape optimization. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated with a numerical example.
Numerical statistical study of the angular distribution of the polarized radiation scattered by a medium
Authors: Tracheva Natalya V. , Ukhinov Sergey A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A Monte Carlo algorithm for studying the spatial-angular distribution of polarization characteristics of the radiation scattered by a medium is developed. The algorithm is based on the projection expansion method for the density of the corresponding angular distribution over polynomials orthonormalized with a ‘Lambert’ weight. The influence of parameters of the medium on angular characteristics of the polarized radiation transmitted through and reflected by dense layers of the medium is studied with the use of numerical statistical modelling.
Perspectives On Accounting and Fiscal Law of Crowdfunding in Romania
Authors: Delia David , Cristina Nicolaescu 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to analyse the accounting and fiscal regime of crowdfunding and the legal framework for such operations in Romania. Crowdfunding provides support to project developers by enabling them to access finance in a simple and inexpensive manner. Thus we refer to the following: current state of crowdfunding operations and existing legal background for conducting such operations in Romania as well as possible directions for its improvement. We will also highlight the accounting and fiscal issues encountered by both companies that hold online crowdfunding platforms and those benefiting from the sums collected through this financing method. This paper is based on case study research method. Considering the fact that in Romania the functioning of the crowdfunding platforms is not yet regulated, the information and views set out in this article are those of the authors.
Zur Bedeutung sportbezogener Orientierungs- und Verhaltensmuster in der Familie für das Sportengagement Jugendlicher
Authors: Hayoz Christelle , Klostermann Claudia , Schlesinger Torsten , Nagel Siegfried 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Young people differ widely in their sports behavior and show high drop-out rates from organized sports. One explanation from socialization theory refers to the transgenerational mediation of sports behavior and orientations toward sports within the family. The present study investigates the relevance of orientations toward sports and behavioral patterns within the family to young people’s sports behavior. Using methodological triangulation between multiple linear regression and qualitative interviews of young people between the ages of 15 and 20 (N = 1909; M = 17.3; SD = 1.7), the study investigates the relationship between individual sports behavior and family influences such as the importance of sports, regularity of sports activity within the family, social support, sports-related health awareness, and communication about sports in the family.
Automated surface inspection of small customer-specific optical elements
Authors: Schöch Alexander , Perez Patric , Linz-Dittrich Sabine , Bach Carlo , Ziolek Carsten 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In industry, manual visual inspection is typically applied to assess surface imperfections on basic optical elements
according to the standard DIN ISO 14997. This article proposes a machine vision setup to mimic the human tester's
inspection process. It consists of multiple cameras and LED light sources. Both are arranged on the surface of
a hemisphere with the optical element to be inspected at its center. By enabling individual LED sources on the hemisphere,
any movement during acquisition can be omitted. Thus, the system is capable of acquiring a sparse pseudo BRDF
(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) representation of imperfections. It is shown by experiments that this
representation allows to discriminate between certain imperfections. Besides the mechanical setup, the image processing
methodology and classification results are discussed. A comparison to results from manual inspection for 20 optical
elements of the same geometry is also presented. Results indicate that a good agreement with the de-facto
standard manual inspection method from industry can be obtained by the system.
Streitschlichtung im Rahmen internationaler Investitionsabkommen: Viel Lärm um (fast) nichts?
Authors: Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Die in vielen internationalen Investitionsabkommen festgeschriebenen Regeln zur Streitschlichtung zwischen ausländischen Investoren und den Gaststaaten stoßen in Politik und Öffentlichkeit auf zunehmenden Widerstand. Die Auswertung einer neueren Datenbank der UNCTAD über insgesamt 739 Streitfälle widerspricht aber der verbreiteten These, den ausländischen Investoren werde es leicht gemacht, willkürliche Forderungen auf Schadensersatz durchzusetzen, indem ihnen der Rückgriff auf internationale Schiedsgerichte ermöglicht werde. Der oftmals behauptete Pro-Investoren Bias internationaler Schiedsgerichte und eine Benachteiligung ärmerer Staaten mit schwacher Verhandlungsposition sind nicht nachweisbar. Es ist deshalb unwahrscheinlich, dass allein die Androhung von Klagen vor internationalen Schiedsgerichten die demokratisch legitimierten Regulierungsmöglichkeiten souveräner Staaten maßgeblich beschränkt.