bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community assembly in time and space: the case of Lepidoptera in a Quercus ilex L. savannah‐like landscape
Authors: Ruiz‐Carbayo Helena , Bonal Raúl , Espelta Josep Maria , Hernández Marisa , Pino Joan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The factors governing community assemblages in fragmented habitats remain a challenging topic in ecology, especially in the present context of global change. We studied the colonisation of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) woodland by specialist Lepidoptera in an afforested savannah‐like landscape that has emerged as a result of the abandonment of croplands. We sampled herbivorous caterpillars for 5 years to assess the interplay between tree age and structure (canopy size and connectivity) on Lepidoptera species abundance, richness, diversity and composition.

1336 individuals belonging to 24 species of Lepidoptera were collected. Species abundance, richness and diversity increased in the best connected large trees and in the best connected young ones, probably because of the greater likelihood of colonisation and the existence of colonisation credits, respectively. Although species abundance, richness and diversity varied significantly between years in all trees, there were no effects for tree age, canopy size, or connectivity.

Although tree age and structure had little effect on species composition (alpha and beta diversity), thereby revealing a predominant random effect, the relative abundance of Noctuids and Pyralids was significantly affected by tree age, suggesting that differences in dispersal abilities exist between these families.

These findings suggest that habitat age and structural interactions play a significant role in the accumulation of Lepidoptera species but have little importance in determining their identities. From a conservation point of view, the results highlight the need to preserve old, large and well‐connected holm oak trees in agricultural landscapes as refuges for specialist insects.
Elastin structure and its involvement in skin photoageing
Authors: Weihermann A. C. , Lorencini M. , Brohem C. A. , de Carvalho C. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSkin aging is a complex process that may be caused by factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the body. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation represents one of the main sources of skin damage over the years and characterizes a process known as photoaging. Among the changes that affect cutaneous tissue with age, the loss of elastic properties caused by changes in elastin production, increased degradation and/or processing produces a substantial impact on tissue esthetics and health. The occurrence of solar elastosis is one of the main markers of cutaneous photoaging and is characterized by disorganized and non‐functional deposition of elastic fibers. The occurrence ofUVradiation‐induced alternative splicing of the elastin gene, which leads to inadequate synthesis of the proteins required for the correct assembly of elastic fibers, is a potential explanation for this phenomenon. Innovative studies have been fundamental for the elucidation of rarely explored photoaging mechanisms and have enabled the identification of effective therapeutic alternatives such as cosmetic products. This review addresses cutaneous photoaging and the changes that affect elastin in this process.
The transcription factor cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate response element‐binding protein enhances the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla
Authors: Su S. , Zhu Y. , Li S. , Liang Y. , Zhang J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) in the regulation of odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs).MethodologyStem cells from the apical papilla were obtained from human impacted third molars (n = 15). Isolated SCAPs were transfected with CREB overexpressing/silenced lentivirus. Transfected cells were stained with alizarin red to investigate mineralized nodule formation. The expression of the mineralization‐related genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX) and osteocalcin (OCN), was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Protein expression of the odontogenic‐related marker dentine sialoprotein (DSP) and the osteogenic‐related marker RUNX2 was measured by Western blotting analysis. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) and Student's t‐test were used for statistical analysis (a = 0.05).ResultsThe overexpression of CREB enhanced mineralized nodule formation and up‐regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of odonto/osteogenic‐related markers, including ALP, Col I, RUNX2, OSX and OCN, and also increased (P < 0.05) the protein expression of DSP and RUNX2. In contrast, the silencing of CREB inhibited (P < 0.05) the mineralization capacity of the SCAPs and decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of odonto/osteogenic‐related markers.ConclusionUp‐regulation of CREB expression promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs and provided a potential method for the regeneration of the dentine–pulp complex.
Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of wine brandies aged using oak and chestnut wood simultaneously in wooden barrels and in stainless steel tanks with staves
Authors: Canas Sara , Caldeira Ilda , Anjos Ofélia , Lino João , Soares Amélia , Pedro Belchior António 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis study provides innovative information on the simultaneous use of Limousin oak and chestnut wood in the ageing of wine brandy. Ageing was performed in 650‐L wooden barrels and in 3000‐L stainless steel tanks with staves over a 2‐year period. Effect of both kinds of wood in the brandy features depended on the ageing technology. Stainless steel tanks with staves originated lower enrichment of the brandy in dry extract (0.89 vs. 1.25 g L−1), total phenolics (22.33 vs. 29.40) and low molecular weight extractable compounds (119.83 vs. 231.65 mg L−1), but promoted a faster evolution of the analytical colour (lower L*, higher C*, a* and b*) and sensory colour (topaz and greenish vs. golden). The aroma and flavour profiles of the brandy were not significantly influenced by the ageing technology. Therefore, it is a promising option for both ageing technologies because it ensures the quality of brandy, together with a lower cost of the wood and exemption of the blending operation.
The association between higher maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and increased birth weight, adiposity and inflammation in the newborn
Authors: McCloskey K. , Ponsonby A.‐L. , Collier F. , Allen K. , Tang M. L.K. , Carlin J. B. , Saffery R. , Skilton M. R. , Cheung M. , Ranganathan S. , Dwyer T. , Burgner D. , Vuillermin P. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundExcess adiposity and adiposity‐related inflammation are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults; however, little is known regarding the determinants of adiposity‐related inflammation at birth.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and newborn adiposity and inflammation.MethodsPaired maternal (28‐week gestation) and infant (umbilical cord) blood samples were collected from a population‐derived birth cohort (Barwon Infant Study, n = 1074). Data on maternal comorbidities and infant birth anthropomorphic measures were compiled, and infant aortic intima‐media thickness was measured by trans‐abdominal ultrasound. In a selected subgroup of term infants (n = 161), matched maternal and cord lipids, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and maternal soluble CD14 were measured. Analysis was completed by using pairwise correlation and linear regression. Because of their non‐normal distribution, pathology blood measures were log transformed prior to analysis.ResultsMaternal pre‐pregnancy BMI was positively associated with increased birth weight (mean difference 17.8 g per kg m−2, 95% CI 6.6 to 28.9; p = 0.002), newborn mean skin‐fold thickness (mean difference 0.1 mm per kg m−2, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.1; p < 0.001) and cord blood hsCRP (mean difference of 4.2% increase in hsCRP per kg m−2 increase in pre‐pregnancy BMI, 95% CI 0.6 to 7.7%, p = 0.02), but not cord blood soluble CD14. Inclusion of maternal hsCRP as a covariate attenuated the associations between pre‐pregnancy BMI and both newborn skin‐fold thickness and cord blood hsCRP.ConclusionHigher maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI is associated with increased newborn adiposity and inflammation. These associations may be partially mediated by maternal inflammation during pregnancy.
Instruments to assess the patient comfort during hospitalization: a psychometric review protocol
Authors: Lorente Sonia , Vives Jaume , Losilla Josep Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties, outcomes and utility of instruments measuring the patient comfort during hospitalization.BackgroundWhile there are numerous systematic reviews assessing the psychometric properties of healthcare instruments, none of them is devoted to evaluate the psychometric properties of instruments measuring comfort, which is considered an indicator of quality in health care and is associated to quicker discharges, increased patient satisfaction and stronger cost‐benefit ratios for the institution.DesignPsychometric Systematic review.MethodsSearches will be performed on MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, ProQuest Thesis&Dissertations and grey literature and will be focused on questionnaires measuring patient comfort as a holistic experience in any healthcare setting. The assessment will take into account the theoretical model on which the instruments are built, evaluate the psychometric properties of each study according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and will include the assessment of the quality of instruments outcomes and their cost‐efficiency, acceptability and educational impact. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42016036290 and was supported by the Grant PSI2014‐52962‐P, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (July, 2015).DiscussionThe results of our psychometric review will categorise the instruments measuring the patient comfort according to their psychometric properties, methodological quality, outcomes and utility, to improve the quality of health care provided and the institution′s benefits.
Does obesity influence the subgingival microbiota composition in periodontal health and disease?
Authors: Maciel Suellen Silva , Feres Magda , Gonçalves Tiago Eduardo Dias , Zimmermann Glaucia Santos , da Silva Hélio Doyle Pereira , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Duarte Poliana Mendes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether obesity affects the subgingival microbial composition of patients with periodontal health or chronic periodontitis (CP).Materials and MethodsBased on periodontal parameters, body mass index and waist‐hip ratio, 166 patients were allocated into one of the following groups: Normal weight (NW) patients with periodontal health (n = 44), NW patients with CP (n = 40), obese patients with periodontal health (n = 40) and obese patients with CP (n = 42). Six subgingival biofilm samples per patient were analysed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization.ResultsObese patients with CP harboured higher levels and/or higher proportions of several periodontal pathogens than those with NW and CP, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella melaninogenica and Treponema socranskii. The proportions of most of these pathogens, as well Campylobacter rectus and Eikenella corrodens, were more increased in the diseased sites of the obese patients than in those with NW. Furthermore, the healthy sites of the obese patients, presenting or not CP, also exhibited higher proportions of some of the pathogens than patients with NW.ConclusionsObesity is associated with increased levels and proportions of periodontal pathogens, especially in patients with CP.
Contribution of biomechanical forces to inflammation‐induced bone resorption
Authors: Nogueira Andressa Vilas Boas , de Molon Rafael Scaf , Nokhbehsaim Marjan , Deschner James , Cirelli Joni Augusto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the contribution of biomechanical loading to inflammation‐induced tissue destruction.Materials and MethodsA total of 144 adult Holtzman rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: control (C), ligature‐induced periodontal disease (P), orthodontic movement (OM), and combination group (OMP). On days 1, 3, 7, and 15, following baseline, nine animals from each experimental group were killed. Bone volume fraction (BVF) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using micro‐computed tomography. Expression and synthesis profile of cytokines and receptors of inflammation in gingival tissues were evaluated by PCR array assay and multiplex immunoassay.ResultsAt 15 days, the OMP group presented a significantly (p < 0.05) lower BVF and BMD levels when compared to all the other groups. The OMP group presented the highest number of upregulated protein targets in comparison to the other groups. Furthermore, the gene expression and protein levels of CCL2, CCL3, IL‐1β, IL1‐α, IL‐18, TNF‐α, and VEGF were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the OMP group when compared to the P group.ConclusionsIn summary, mechanical loading modulates the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues to periodontal disease by increasing the expression of several pro‐inflammatory mediators and receptors, which leads to increased bone resorption.
Effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Jiao Jian , Shi Dong , Cao Zhan‐qiang , Meng Huan‐xin , Lu Rui‐fang , Zhang Li , Song Yi , Zhao Jing‐ren 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and its influential factors in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis.MethodsPeriodontal examination data of 10,789 patients with at least one periodontal re‐evaluation record were extracted from a hospital‐based electronic periodontal charting record system. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) reductions after NSPT and their influential factors were analysed by multilevel analysis.ResultsMean PD reductions at patient level and site level were 0.62 and 0.65 mm respectively. Mean reductions of percentage of tooth with BI > 1 and BI > 2 were 14.9% and 25.21%. Multilevel analysis demonstrated that PD and BI reductions were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline attachment loss (AL), baseline mobility, tooth type and frequency of periodontal maintenance (FPM). Besides, PD reduction was associated with baseline BI for all sites and was associated with gender and smoking status for sites with baseline PD ≥ 5 mm.ConclusionThe effectiveness of NSPT on patients with chronic periodontitis was proved in a large Chinese population. Outcomes of NSPT were mainly influenced by baseline PD, baseline AL, baseline mobility, tooth type and FPM.
Optimal maintenance treatment with calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate gel in Korean patients with psoriasis vulgaris: a multicentre randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee J.‐H. , Park C.‐J. , Kim T.‐Y. , Choe Y.‐B. , Kim N.‐I. , Song H.‐J. , Youn J.‐I. , Youn S.‐W. , Choi J.‐H. , Kim K.‐J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of response data for topical treatments for psoriasis vulgaris in Asian patients.ObjectivesTo determine the optimal maintenance regimen for topical treatment with calcipotriol monohydrate/betamethasone dipropionate gel in Korean patients with psoriasis vulgaris, by comparing the efficacy of three 8‐week maintenance regimens.MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, open‐label, phase 4 clinical trial, conducted in South Korea. Patients with psoriasis vulgaris on the limbs/trunk received once‐daily treatment with calcipotriol monohydrate (50 μg/g)/betamethasone dipropionate (500 μg/g) gel for 8 weeks (induction phase). Responders (defined as an Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity (IGA) grade of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’) were then randomized to receive 8 weeks’ maintenance treatment with Xamiol® gel once daily as needed [pro re nata (PRN Group)], once daily every day (Continuous group), or twice weekly – on Saturday and Sunday (Weekend group). The primary endpoint was the percentage of IGA responders at week 16.ResultsAt the end of the induction phase, 62.18% of patients were IGA responders. At the end of the maintenance phase (week 16), the responder rate was 63.89% for the PRN group, 67.5% for the Continuous group and 31.43% for the Weekend group. The PRN and Continuous groups were statistically superior to the Weekend group (P = 0.0109 and P = 0.0015), but the PRN and Continuous groups did not differ statistically. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups.ConclusionAmong Korean patients with psoriasis vulgaris, maintenance treatment with calcipotriol monohydrate/betamethasone dipropionate using a continuous daily regimen or an ‘as needed’ daily regimen provided similar efficacy, whereas a twice‐weekly regimen was significantly less efficacious than either of these regimens.
Lipid profile in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim M.W. , Shin I.S. , Yoon H.S. , Cho S. , Park H.S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have reported that androgenetic alopecia (AGA) might be a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, and the association of AGA with dyslipidaemia has been studied. However, the results were controversial and previous meta‐analyses had several critical limitations.ObjectiveWe performed a meta‐analysis to clarify whether AGA patients have abnormal lipid profiles.MethodsA literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and KOREA MED databases.ResultsWe pooled 19 observational studies and performed a meta‐analysis to compare serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and the cholesterol levels between AGA and control groups. The serum total cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the AGA group than in the control group, and the standardized mean differences were 0.377 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.182–0.572, P < 0.001), 0.426 (95% CI: 0.164–0.688, P = 0.001) and 0.450 (95% CI: 0.171–0.728, P = 0.002) respectively. In addition, HDL cholesterol level was significantly lower in the AGA group than in the control group, and the standardized mean difference was −0.248 (95% CI: −0.472 to −0.023, P = 0.030).ConclusionsAGA patients showed statistically significant abnormal lipid profiles, and this might partly explain the association between AGA and cardiovascular diseases.
Clear or almost clear skin improves the quality of life in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Puig L. , Thom H. , Mollon P. , Tian H. , Ramakrishna G.S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPsoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response is currently considered the gold standard for assessing treatment efficacy in moderate‐to‐severe psoriatic patients. PASI 90 response denotes better clinical improvement compared to PASI 75. Very few studies have assessed if a greater PASI clinical response is associated with greater improvements in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the association between PASI response and DLQI. The study was conducted to assess whether greater improvement in PASI scores from PASI 75–89 to PASI 90 is associated with greater Quality of life (QoL) improvements, specifically DLQI scores. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library to identify studies evaluating biologic interventions in adult moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients reporting PASI response and their corresponding DLQI change from baseline score. The quality of evidence was assessed through Jadad score for randomized controlled trials and Downs and Black's checklist for observational studies. Meta‐analysis estimated change from baseline in DLQI for PASI 75–89 responders to be 78% (95% credible intervals [CrI]: 75–82%) and for PASI 90 responders to be 90% (95% CrI: 88–93%). This implies 12% greater improvement in DLQI score for PASI 90 responders compared with PASI 75–89 responders. In addition, the meta‐analysis also showed a statistically significant difference in DLQI score of 0/1 between PASI 75‐89 and PASI 90 responders (45% [95% Crl]; 41.0–50.0% and 73% [95% Crl]; 70.0–76.0%), respectively, Bayesian P < 0.0001). In conclusion, substantial improvement in clinical efficacy is associated with improved QoL in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis suggesting that PASI 90 responders (clear or almost clear skin) could achieve a superior QoL compared to PASI 75–89 responders.
Hot spots become cold spots: coevolution in variable temperature environments
Authors: Duncan A. B. , Dusi E. , Jacob F. , Ramsayer J. , Hochberg M. E. , Kaltz O. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAntagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites is a key process in the genesis and maintenance of biological diversity. Whereas coevolutionary dynamics show distinct patterns under favourable environmental conditions, the effects of more realistic, variable conditions are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of a fluctuating environment on antagonistic coevolution in experimental microcosms of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and lytic phage SBWΦ2. High‐frequency temperature fluctuations caused no deviations from typical coevolutionary arms race dynamics. However, coevolution was stalled during periods of high temperature under intermediate‐ and low‐frequency fluctuations, generating temporary coevolutionary cold spots. Temperature variation affected population density, providing evidence that eco‐evolutionary feedbacks act through variable bacteria–phage encounter rates. Our study shows that environmental fluctuations can drive antagonistic species interactions into and out of coevolutionary cold and hot spots. Whether coevolution persists or stalls depends on the frequency of change and the environmental optima of both interacting players.