bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El proyecto Recaséns y la renovación de la Filosofía del Derecho en España | The Recaséns’ Project and The Renovation of Philosophy of Law in Spain
Authors: Cuadros Aguilera Pol 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este artículo trata sobre la labor llevada a cabo por el iusfilósofo Luis Recaséns Siches de renovación de la Filosofía del Derecho en España mediante la introducción de los postulados neokantianos y kelsenianos. Lo que se puede denominar el proyecto Recasens fue, sin embargo, abruptamente interrumpido por el estallido de la Guerra Civil. Las críticas al neokantismo que contiene fueron incorporadas en trabajos posteriores de Recasens, así como en la obra del profesor Legaz y Lacambra, conservando de este modo el proyecto algo de su impulso inicial. ABSTRACT. This article addresses the renovation effort conducted by the Law philosopher Luis Recaséns Siches, who aimed to update Philosophy of Law in Spain through the introduction of neokantian and kelsenian postulates. What can be denominated as “the Recaséns’ project” was, however, harshly interrupted by the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The judgments targeting neokantism that can be found in such texts were included in Recaséns’ later publications, as well as in the work of the professor Legaz y Lacambra, hence yielding the project to maintain some of its original impulse.
Situaciones de vulnerabilidad vs. exclusión para los inmigrantes en el contexto sureuropeo de crisis económica | Situations of vulnerability vs. exclusion for migrants under economic crisis in the Southern European context
Authors: La Spina Encarnación 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. La identificación de la categoría "grupo desaventajado" o "grupo especialmente vulnerable" no es un tema resuelto desde el derecho anti-discriminatorio. Sin embargo, los inmigrantes pueden ser considerados fácilmente en situación de vulnerabilidad debido a las importantes restricciones de derechos sociales previstas en el marco normativo de extranjería. En concreto, esta propuesta analiza las formas de categorización de los inmigrantes como potenciales sujetos vulnerables en diferentes contextos sureuropeos de crisis económica. ABSTRACT. The identification of the category "disadvantaged group" or "particularly vulnerable group" is not a closed issue in the anti-discrimination law. However, migrants could be easily considered in a vulnerability situation due to relevant restrictions of social rights fixed by the migration law. Particularly, this proposal analyses the ways of categorizing migrants as potential vulnerable subjects in different Southern European contexts under economic crisis.
Vulnerabilidad, derechos humanos y empresas | Vulnerability, human rights and business
Authors: Barranco Avilés María del Carmen 
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. El presente trabajo trata de mostrar cómo algunos de los presupuestos teóricos de una concepción tradicional de los derechos, como el modo en el que operan la autonomía y la racionalidad y la forma en la que se articula la separación entre lo público y lo privado, han permitido que resulte fácilmente justificable que las corporaciones y, entre ellas, las empresas transnacionales, sean titulares de derechos humanos, pero también han operado como obstáculos para atribuirles obligaciones. Tales presupuestos han de revisarse para que los derechos humanos sirvan efectivamente para proteger a los seres humanos y no tanto a las ‘personas’ en el sentido jurídico. ABSTRACT. This work is aimed to show how some of the theoretical premises of a traditional conception of rights (such as autonomy, rationality or the public/private separation) have allowed an easy justification of the human rights for corporations, and for transnational enterprises as corporations. However, these assumptions have also hampered the justification of human rights duties for these entities. These ideas should be reviewed to make human rights protect human beings over ‘legal persons’.
Enhancement of current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance by insertion of amorphous ferromagnetic underlayer in Heusler alloy-based spin-valve structures
Authors: Choi Young-suk , Nakatani Tomoya , Read John C. , Carey Matthew J. , Stewart Derek A. , Childress Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report an improved method for depositing Heusler alloy thin films, which reduces the B2-ordering temperature, and demonstrate its effect on improving spin-polarization and ΔR/R in CPP-GMR sensors. The insertion of a CoFeBTa or CoBTi amorphous ferromagnetic underlayer induced the formation of an amorphous Co2(Mn,Fe)Ge Heusler alloy film, reducing the B2-ordering temperature to ∼220 °C, which is significantly lower than the value of 500 °C for an epitaxial system and 400 °C for a polycrystalline system. This novel approach allows the fabrication of spin-valve sensor structures with ΔR/R of 18% after post-deposition annealing at temperatures less than 300 °C and is thus compatible with standard recording read-head sensor production.
Metal to phosphorus stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton in three remote lakes
Authors: Gormley-Gallagher Aine M. , Douglas Richard W. , Rippey Brian 
Published: December 2016

Simultaneous measurements of changes in phytoplankton biomass and the metal and phosphorus (P) content of cells have been captured to attest to metal to P stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton. Three Scottish lakes that had received high, medium or low metal contamination from the atmosphere were selected for study. Phytoplankton cells were collected and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry was used to measure their lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and P content. Increased phytoplankton growth in the lakes resulted in significant algae growth dilution of the mass-specific Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr in the phytoplankton. Changes in the phytoplankton cell count and their Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr concentrations showed the process of algae bloom dilution to be subject to exponential decay, which accelerated in the order of Mn < Cu < Ni < Pb and Cd < Cr and Hg < Co. This indicated a metabolic and detoxification mechanism was involved in the active selection of metals. For the first time simultaneous measurements of metals and P stoichiometry in freshwater phytoplankton are reported. The mean metal to P stoichiometry generated was (C106P1N16)1000Pb0.019Hg0.00004Cu0.013Cd0.005Cr0.2Co0.0008Mn0.2Ni0.012based on field measurements and the Redfield average C, N and P stoichiometry of (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4.
Risk of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hsu Chi-Kuei , Lai Chih-Cheng , Wang Kun , Chen Likwang 
Published: December 2016

This large-scale, controlled cohort study estimated the risks of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Taiwan. We conducted this population-based study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan during the period from 1997 to 2010. Patients with GERD were diagnosed using endoscopy, and controls were matched to patients with GERD at a ratio of 1:4. We identified 15,412 patients with GERD and 60,957 controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with GERD had higher rates of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, depression, anxiety, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease (all P < .05). A total of 85 patients had lung cancer among patients with GERD during the follow-up of 42,555 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0020 per person-year. By contrast, 232 patients had lung cancer among patients without GERD during the follow-up of 175,319 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0013 per person-year. By using stepwise Cox regression model, the overall incidence of lung cancer remained significantly higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI [1.19–1.98]). The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (P = .0012). In conclusion, our large population-based cohort study provides evidence that GERD may increase the risk of lung cancer in Asians.
Consumption of antimicrobial manuka honey does not significantly perturb the microbiota in the hind gut of mice
Authors: Rosendale Doug , Butts Christine A. , de Guzman Cloe Erika , Maddox Ian S. , Martell Sheridan , McIntyre Lynn , Skinner Margot A. , Dinnan Hannah , Ansell Juliet 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that consuming manuka honey, which contains antimicrobial methylglyoxal, may affect the gut microbiota. We undertook a mouse feeding study to investigate whether dietary manuka honey supplementation altered microbial numbers and their production of organic acid products from carbohydrate fermentation, which are markers of gut microbiota function. The caecum of C57BL/6 mice fed a diet supplemented with antimicrobial UMF® 20+ manuka honey at 2.2 g/kg animal did not show any significantly changed concentrations of microbial short chain fatty acids as measured by gas chromatography, except for increased formate and lowered succinate organic acid concentrations, compared to mice fed a control diet. There was no change in succinate-producing Bacteroidetes numbers, or honey-utilising Bifidobacteria, nor any other microbes measured by real time quantitative PCR. These results suggest that, despite the antimicrobial activity of the original honey, consumption of manuka honey only mildly affects substrate metabolism by the gut microbiota.
On the hydrography of Denmark Strait
Authors: Mastropole Dana , Pickart Robert S. , Valdimarsson Héðinn , Våge Kjetil , Jochumsen Kerstin , Girton James 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing 111 shipboard hydrographic sections across Denmark Strait occupied between 1990 and 2012, we characterize the mean conditions at the sill, quantify the water mass constituents, and describe the dominant features of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The mean vertical sections of temperature, salinity, and density reveal the presence of circulation components found upstream of the sill, in particular the shelfbreak East Greenland Current (EGC) and the separated EGC. These correspond to hydrographic fronts consistent with surface‐intensified southward flow. Deeper in the water column the isopycnals slope oppositely, indicative of bottom‐intensified flow of DSOW. An end‐member analysis indicates that the deepest part of Denmark Strait is dominated by Arctic‐Origin Water with only small amounts of Atlantic‐Origin Water. On the western side of the strait, the overflow water is a mixture of both constituents, with a contribution from Polar Surface Water. Weakly stratified “boluses” of dense water are present in 41% of the occupations, revealing that this is a common configuration of DSOW. The bolus water is primarily Arctic‐Origin Water and constitutes the densest portion of the overflow. The boluses have become warmer and saltier over the 22 year record, which can be explained by changes in end‐member properties and their relative contributions to bolus composition.
The use of a wave boundary layer model in SWAN
Authors: Du Jianting , Bolaños Rodolfo. , Guo Larsén Xiaoli 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA wave boundary layer model (WBLM) is implemented in the third‐generation ocean wave model SWAN to improve the wind‐input source function under idealized, fetch‐limited condition. Accordingly, the white capping dissipation parameters are recalibrated to fit the new wind‐input source function to parametric growth curves. The performance of the new pair of wind‐input and dissipation source functions is validated by numerical simulations of fetch‐limited evolution of wind‐driven waves. As a result, fetch‐limited growth curves of significant wave height and peak frequency show close agreement with benchmark studies at all wind speeds (5–60 m s−1) and fetches (1–3000 km). The WBLM wind‐input source function explicitly calculates the drag coefficient based on the momentum and kinetic energy conservation. The modeled drag coefficient using WBLM wind‐input source function is in rather good agreement with field measurements. Thus, the new pair of wind‐input and dissipation source functions not only improve the wave simulation but also have the potential of improving air‐sea coupling systems by providing reliable momentum flux estimation at the air‐sea interface.
Using Landsat 8 data to estimate suspended particulate matter in the Yellow River estuary
Authors: Qiu Zhongfeng , Xiao Cong , Perrie William , Sun Deyong , Wang Shengqiang , Shen Hui , Yang Dezhou , He Yijun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and its variations in estuary regions are key to promoting carbon, oxygen, and nutrient cycling in coastal regions and nearby seas. This study presents SPM estimations for the Yellow River estuary from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) data from 2013 to 2016. L8/OLI‐measured remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) was cross‐validated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, and SPM concentrations calculated from the tuned retrieval model were validated with in situ observations. The validation shows that L8/OLI can provide reasonably Rrs, which can be used to quantify SPM distributions and variations in the Yellow River estuary. Three year averaged SPM maps show that highly turbid waters are mostly found in an ovate area surrounding the mouth of the Yellow River. The corresponding area proportion is less than 30%, with SPM concentrations greater than 100 g m−3. High variations of SPM distributions are consistent with high SPM concentrations, and vice versa. Significant difference is observed between dry and wet seasons. Higher SPM in the dry season is observed both in range and intensity compared to those of the wet season. Furthermore, multiyear averaged SPM distributions with high concentrations are mainly attributable to currents. Significant seasonal variations are mainly controlled by sediment resuspension processes driven by wind‐wave forces. Due to human interventions, seasonal variability in river runoff and sediment discharge from the Yellow River has decreased in recent years. Accordingly, seasonal variability in SPM distributions in the Yellow River estuary due to sediment discharge has decreased.
Line‐up Fairness Affects Postdictor Validity and ‘Don't Know’ Responses
Authors: Key Kylie N. , Wetmore Stacy A. , Neuschatz Jeffrey S. , Gronlund Scott D. , Cash Daniella K. , Lane Sean 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe investigated the impact of filler quality and presence on confidence, response latency, and propensity to respond ‘don't know’ in eyewitness line‐ups and showups. More specifically, we tested the hypothesis that confident, fast witnesses would be accurate in fair line‐ups and showups, but the inclusion of duds (poor fillers) would break down these relationships in a biased line‐up. Participants viewed a mock crime video, made a timed identification decision, and gave a confidence judgment. As predicted, biased line‐up witnesses were fast and confident, regardless of accuracy, and rarely responded ‘don't know’. In addition, we found that witnesses who are the fastest and most confident were equally accurate in fair line‐ups and showups, and both were better than biased line‐ups. These findings suggest that biased line‐ups should not be used (although, unfortunately, they frequently are); in fact, it may be better to conduct a showup than a biased line‐up. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education and Employment Participation in Young Adulthood: What Role Does Arthritis Play?
Authors: Jetha Arif , Theis Kristina A. , Boring Michael A. , Barbour Kamil E. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the association between arthritis diagnosis and education and employment participation among young adults, and to determine whether findings differ by self‐rated health and age.MethodsData from the National Health Interview Survey, in the years 2009–2015, were combined and analyzed. The study sample was restricted to those ages 18–29 years, either diagnosed with arthritis (n = 1,393) or not (n = 40,537). The prevalence and correlates of employment and education participation were compared by arthritis status. Demographic characteristics, social role participation restrictions, health factors, and health system use variables were included as covariates. Models were stratified for age (18–23 versus 24–29 years) and self‐rated health. Weighted proportions and univariate and multivariate associations were calculated to examine the association between arthritis and education and employment participation.ResultsRespondents with arthritis were more likely to be female, married, and report having more social participation restrictions, fair/poor health, and more functional limitations than those without arthritis. In multivariate models, arthritis was significantly associated with lower education (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.75 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.57–0.98]) and higher employment participation (PR 1.07 [95% CI 1.03–1.13]). Additional stratified analyses indicated an association between arthritis diagnosis and greater employment participation in those ages 18–23 years and reporting higher self‐rated health.ConclusionYoung adults with arthritis may be transitioning into employment at an earlier age than their peers without arthritis. To inform the design of interventions that promote employment participation, future research on the education and employment experiences of young adults with arthritis is needed.
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Immune‐Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Cappelli Laura C. , Gutierrez Anna Kristina , Bingham Clifton O. , Shah Ami A. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are improving prognoses in advanced stage cancers, but they also lead to immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs targeting many organ systems have been reported, but musculoskeletal and rheumatic IRAEs have not been well‐characterized. We systematically reviewed published literature on musculoskeletal and rheumatic IRAEs to better understand prevalence and clinical characteristics.MethodsMedline and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles reporting rheumatic and musculoskeletal IRAEs secondary to ICI treatment. After screening abstracts and full texts in duplicate, clinical features, prevalence, and treatment data were extracted and summarized.ResultsA total of 1,725 unique abstracts were screened; 231 contained original data and were about ICIs and went to full‐text screening. Fifty‐two of these contained information about musculoskeletal or rheumatic IRAEs or about treatment with ICIs in preexisting autoimmune disease. Of these, 33 were clinical trials, 3 were observational studies, and 16 were case reports or series. Arthralgia prevalence in clinical trials ranged 1–43%, and myalgia was reported in 2–20%. Arthritis was reported in 5 of 33 clinical trials, and vasculitis was reported in only 2. One observational study and 3 case reports described patients with preexisting autoimmune disease treated with ICIs. Case reports included development of inflammatory arthritis, vasculitis, myositis, and lupus nephritis.ConclusionArthralgia and myalgia have been reported commonly in patients treated with ICIs. The prevalence of rheumatic IRAEs such as inflammatory arthritis, vasculitis, and sicca syndrome is less clear from current evidence. There is limited observational and case‐level evidence describing ICI use in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease.
Approximating fault detection linear interval observers using λ‐order interval predictors
Authors: Meseguer Jordi , Puig Vicenç , Escobet Teresa 
Published: December 2016

SummaryInterval observers can be described by an autoregressive‐moving‐average model while λ‐order interval predictors by a moving‐average model. Because an autoregressive‐moving‐average (ARMA) model can be approximated by a moving‐average model, this allows establishing the equivalence between interval observers and interval predictors. This paper deals with the fault detection application and focuses on the equivalence between the λ‐orderintervalpredictorsand the interval observers from the point of view of the fault detection performance. The paper also proves that it is possible to obtain an equivalent λ − order interval predictor for a given interval observer with the same fault detection properties by the appropriate selection of the λ − order. A condition for selecting the minimal order that provides the λ − order interval predictor equivalent to a given interval observer is derived. Moreover, because the wrapping effect could be avoided by tuning properly the interval observer, we can find an equivalent λ − order interval predictor such that it also avoids the wrapping effect. Finally, an example based on an industrial servo actuator will be used to illustrate the derived results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain mechanisms of abnormal temperature perception in cold allodynia induced by ciguatoxin
Authors: Eisenblätter Anneka , Lewis Richard , Dörfler Arnd , Forster Clemens , Zimmermann Katharina 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveCold allodynia occurs as a major symptom of neuropathic pain states. It remains poorly treated with current analgesics. Ciguatoxins (CTXs), ichthyosarcotoxins that cause ciguatera, produce a large peripheral sensitization to dynamic cold stimuli in Aδ‐fibers by activating sodium channels without producing heat or mechanical allodynia. We used CTXs as a surrogate model of cold allodynia to dissect the framework of cold allodynia–activated central pain pathways.MethodsReversible cold allodynia was induced in healthy male volunteers by shallow intracutaneous injection of low millimolar concentrations of CTX into the dorsal skin of the forefoot. Cold and warm stimuli were delivered to the treated and the control site using a Peltier‐driven thermotest device. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired with a 3T MRI scanner using a blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) protocol.ResultsThe CTX‐induced substantial peripheral sensitization to cooling stimuli in Aδ‐fibers is particularly retrieved in BOLD changes due to dynamic temperature changes and less during constant cooling. Brain areas that responded during cold allodynia were almost always located bilaterally and appeared in the medial insula, medial cingulate cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, frontal areas, and cerebellum. Whereas these areas also produced changes in BOLD signal during the dynamic warming stimulus on the control site, they remained silent during the warming stimuli on the injected site.InterpretationWe describe the defining feature of the cold allodynia pain percept in the human brain and illustrate why ciguatera sufferers often report a perceptual temperature reversal. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:104–116
Brute Force Orientation of Matrix‐Isolated Molecules: Reversible Reorientation of Formaldehyde in an Argon Matrix toward Perfect Alignment
Authors: Park Youngwook , Kang Hani , Kang Heon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBrute force orientation by an electric field is a promising way of controlling the orientation of polar molecules in the gas phase, but its application to condensed‐phase molecules has been very limited. We studied the reorientation of formaldehyde molecules in a solid Ar matrix under the influence of a strong electric field using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Asymptotically perfect alignment of the formaldehyde molecules along the field was achieved at field strengths exceeding 1×108 V m−1. The vibrational bands of the aligned molecules exhibited a unidirectional Stark shift proportional to the field strength. The reorientation of the molecules was reversible despite the cryogenic solid environment of the system.