bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Dark-Fly Genome Under Environmental Selections
Authors: Izutsu Minako , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Agata Kiyokazu , Fuse Naoyuki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEnvironmental adaptation is one of the most fundamental features of organisms. Modern genome science has identified some genes associated with adaptive traits of organisms, and has provided insights into environmental adaptation and evolution. However, how genes contribute to adaptive traits and how traits are selected under an environment in the course of evolution remain mostly unclear. To approach these issues, we utilize “Dark-fly”, a Drosophila melanogaster line maintained in constant dark conditions for more than 60 years. Our previous analysis identified 220,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Dark-fly genome, but did not clarify which SNPs of Dark-fly are truly adaptive for living in the dark. We found here that Dark-fly dominated over the wild-type fly in a mixed population under dark conditions, and based on this domination we designed an experiment for genome reselection to identify adaptive genes of Dark-fly. For this experiment, large mixed populations of Dark-fly and the wild-type fly were maintained in light conditions or in dark conditions, and the frequencies of Dark-fly SNPs were compared between these populations across the whole genome. We thereby detected condition-dependent selections toward approximately 6% of the genome. In addition, we observed the time-course trajectory of SNP frequency in the mixed populations through generations 0, 22, and 49, which resulted in notable categorization of the selected SNPs into three types with different combinations of positive and negative selections. Our data provided a list of about 100 strong candidate genes associated with the adaptive traits of Dark-fly.
Gambling disorder in financial markets: Clinical and treatment-related features
Authors: Shin Young-Chul , Choi Sam-Wook , Ha Juwon , Choi Jung-Seok , Kim Dai-Jin 
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims
To date, few studies have examined the clinical manifestation of disordered gamblers in financial markets. This study examined the differences in the clinical and treatment-related features of gambling disorder between financial markets and horse races.

Methods
Subjects who met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling (PG) and who sought treatment were assessed by retrospective chart review. One hundred forty-four subjects were included in this sample, which consisted of the following groups: financial markets (n = 45; 28.6%) and horse races (n = 99; 71.4%).

Results
Multiple similar manifestations were found between the groups, including severity of PG, age of PG onset, amounts of gambling debts, drinking days per week, depressive mood, duration of seeking treatment after the onset of PG, and treatment follow-up duration. However, disordered gamblers who invested in the financial market were significantly more likely to be educated (p = 0.003), live with their spouses (p = 0.007), have full-time jobs (p = 0.006), and they were more likely to participate in the first type of gambling than the horse races group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the financial markets group received the anti-craving medication less often than the horse races group (p = 0.04).

Discussion and Conclusions
These findings suggest that disordered gamblers in financial markets show different socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-related features compared with the horse race gamblers, despite a similar severity of gambling disorder. Understanding these differential manifestations may provide insight into prevention and treatment development for specific types of gambling.
A study on the relationship between compulsive exercise, depression and anxiety
Authors: Weinstein Aviv , Maayan Gavriel , Weinstein Yitzhak 
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims
Exercise and physical activity are beneficial both physically and psychologically but a few individuals use exercise excessively resulting in physical and even psychological damage. There is evidence for bi-directional relationship between exercise with depression and anxiety showing that exercise can reduce anxiety and depression, whereas a lack of exercise is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Methods
This study used questionnaires assessing compulsive exercise, anxiety and depression among 20 professional regular exercisers and 51 recreational regular exercisers.

Results
Results showed that ratings of compulsive exercise were associated with ratings of anxiety and depression among individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose. Secondly, individuals who exercise for professional purpose were more depressed than individuals who exercise for recreational purpose, but did not exhibit higher trait anxiety ratings. Thirdly, individuals who exercise for recreational purpose showed an association between ratings of compulsive exercise and depression but not with ratings of trait anxiety.

Discussion
Individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose may use it as a means for alleviating depression and anxiety although this small sample of recreational and professional sportsmen showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression that may require further clinical treatment.
How should severity be determined for the DSM-5 proposed classification of Hypersexual Disorder?
Authors: Reid Rory C. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims
The concept of severity among providers working with hypersexual behavior is frequently used despite a lack of consensus about how severity should be operationalized. The paucity of dialogue about severity for hypersexual behavior is disconcerting given its relevance in determining level of care, risk, allocation of resources, and measuring treatment outcomes in clinical practice and research trials. The aim of the current article is to highlight several considerations for assessing severity based on the proposed DSM-5 criteria for hypersexual disorder.

Methods
A review of current conceptualizations for severity among substance-use disorders and gambling disorder in the DSM-5 were considered and challenged as lacking applicability or clinical utility for hypersexual behavior.

Results and conclusions
The current research in the field of hypersexual behavior is in its infancy. No concrete approach currently exists to assess severity in hypersexual populations. Several factors in operationalizing severity are discussed and alternative approaches to defining severity are offered for readers to consider.
Distinguishing between gaming and gambling activities in addiction research
Authors: King Daniel L. , Gainsbury Sally M. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Hing Nerilee , Abarbanel Brett 
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims
Gambling and gaming activities have become increasingly recognised as sharing many common features at a structural and aesthetic level. Both have also been implicated as contributing to harm through excessive involvement. Despite this, relatively little attention has been given to the fundamental characteristics that differentiate these two classes of activity, especially in situations where the boundaries between them may be particularly hard to distinguish. This is evident, for example, in digital games that incorporate free and paid virtual currencies or items, as well as the capacity for wagering. Such overlaps create problems for regulatory classifications, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Is the problem related to the gambling or gaming content?

Methods
In this paper, we review the principal sources of overlap between the activity classes in terms of several dimensions: interactivity, monetisation, betting and wagering, types of outcomes, structural fidelity, context and centrality of content, and advertising.

Results
We argue that gaming is principally defined by its interactivity, skill-based play, and contextual indicators of progression and success. In contrast, gambling is defined by betting and wagering mechanics, predominantly chance-determined outcomes, and monetisation features that involve risk and payout to the player. A checklist measure is provided, with practical examples, to examine activities according to features of design and function, which may inform guidelines for policy makers, researchers and treatment providers.

Discussion and conclusions
We suggest that, in some instances, using category-based nomenclature (e.g., “gambling-like game”) may be too vague or cumbersome to adequately organise our understanding of new gaming/gambling hybrid activities.
The Influence of the Soil Water Content in the Soil-Tool DEM Model
Authors: Tamás Kornél , Jóri István J. 
Published: December 2015

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) for describing the action mechanism between soil and sweep tool can be used to perform a detailed analysis of draft force, soil cutting, clod-crushing and loosening by taking into account the tillage speed and the three soil phases. This study describes the simulation of the 3D DEM soil model and a cultivator sweep digitized with a 3D scanner, showing the soil—sweep interaction as a function of implement draft force and implement operating speed.
The suitability of the model is validated by comparing the results of laboratory and simulated shear tests (static validation) with the results of soil bin tests (dynamic validation). The mechanical parameters of the sandy soil used for the soil bin tests were measured using the direct shear box test. Cohesion for the soil model used during simulations was set using the parallel bond contact model, where the determining factors were the Young modulus for particle contact (Ec) and bonding (Ēc), the Poisson’s ratio (nu), the normal (σ) and shear (τ) bond strength and the radius of the related volume (cylinder). Once the DEM model parameters were set, the draft force values measured during dynamic testing were harmonized using the value for viscous damping (ci).
The dynamic soil—sweep model was validated using the viscous damping applied based on the simulated and measured draft force values. The validation of the Young modulus to 0.55e6 Pa (Kn = 1.73e4 N/m, Ks = 8.64e3 N/m) enabled us to set the draft force values of the model for different speeds (0.8–4.1 m/s) with an accuracy of 1–4%.
During the analysis of changes in tillage quality, the developed dynamic soil—sweep model showed a high degree of porosity (48%) due to grubbing in the attenuated speed range (0.5–2.1 m/s), and a decreasing tendency (0.41–0.39%) in the non-damped speed range (2.1–4.1 m/s). After the initial equilibrium state, the ratio of average particle contacts for the given porosity decreased in the attenuated speed range (coord number: 4.8), and a slight decrease was also found above speeds of 2.1 m/s (coord number: 5.2). In the model, clod-crushing was examined based on the ratio of sliding contacts, and we found a continuous increase (sliding fraction: 2–15%) in the speed range used for the simulation (0.8–4.1 m/s).
Michel Houellebecq : un homme, une (sou)mission
Authors: Smeets Marc 
Published: December 2015

Michel Houellebecq, l’auteur le plus controversé de la littérature française contemporaine, semble s’astreindre à une seule et unique mission : celle d’être « vrai » à n’importe quel prix. Observateur et peintre de la société actuelle dans tous ses états, l’auteur de Soumission s’inscrit dans une tradition littéraire qui remonte au XIXe siècle, prolongeant ainsi les fictions de Balzac, de Zola et de Huysmans. De ses prédécesseurs Houellebecq hérite d’un certain goût pour la controverse, talent qui fait naturellement la pluie et le beau temps dans la presse. Le rôle que jouent la documentation et la figure du célibataire permet de situer l’écrivain dans le sillage de la tradition réalistico-naturaliste.
Análisis de formatos de consentimiento informado en Colombia. Problemas ético-legales y dificultades en el lenguaje
Authors: Escobar López María Teresa , Novoa Torres Edgar 
Published: December 2015

<p>En Colombia, el consentimiento informado surgió en la atención médica hospitalaria, siguiendo las mismas trayectorias y recorridos de otros países, y apelando a la autonomía individual. En un comienzo se extendió a otras áreas y especialidades médicas no hospitalarias involucrando otras profesiones, sobre todo en las dos últimas décadas.</p><p>Aparece fundamentalmente como una exigencia legal y básicamente como documento escrito, en el contexto de sociedades cada vez más autónomas que exigen derechos y decisiones sobre su salud, cuerpo y vida. Este escrito presenta los principales resultados de la investigación sobre formatos de consentimiento informado usados para procedimientos frecuentes en la atención en salud, en la cual se buscó determinar el cumplimiento de 28 categorías consideradas imprescindibles y 8 deseables. Categorías dadas según la normatividad colombiana en cuanto a los parámetros sugeridos a nivel internacional para documentos de consentimiento informado (CI) y la teoría en bioética. También se analizó el tipo de lenguaje utilizado en su elaboración para tratar de establecer si era experto (técnico) o cotidiano, con el objetivo de identificar dificultades respecto a la información suministrada en los documentos. Se revisó, además, la presencia o ausencia de las categorías y el uso del lenguaje en 80 formatos de uso frecuente (151 folios) de 22 instituciones (hospitales, empresas promotoras de salud [EPS] e institución prestadora de servicios de salud [IPS]), en 13 actividades clínicas diferentes. </p>
Implicancias bioéticas y neuroéticas del cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud
Authors: Gorga Marcelo 
Published: December 2015

<p>Los riesgos para la salud asociados al cambio climático son múltiples y afectan particularmente a aquellas poblaciones en condiciones de pobreza. Con base en la lectura y análisis crítico de publicaciones científicas vinculadas al cambio climático y la salud, en este artículo se propone el objetivo de responder a la pregunta acerca de qué valores y derechos humanos podría estar problematizando el cambio climático en relación con el ser humano.</p><p> Los determinantes de salud generados por el cambio climático limitarían potencialmente las capacidades humanas, entendidas por Martha Nussbaum como manifestación de la libertad humana para ser y hacer.</p><p> También se menciona el pensamiento de Hans Jonas en relación con la necesidad de tener temor por las consecuencias de una falta de acción. Se concluye, finalmente, que los profundos cambios contextuales asociados al cambio climático deberían promover la pregunta acerca de sus potenciales efectos a nivel del neurodesarrollo de los niños que viven en zonas de desastres asociados a este. Simultáneamente, en una perspectiva donde convergen la bioética y la neuroética, el cambio climático resaltaría la responsabilidad que los seres humanos individual y colectivamente tenemos en la construcción de las condiciones presentes y futuras del desarrollo infantil, y particularmente cuando este se da en condiciones de pobreza.</p>
Younger and Sicker: Comparing Micronesians to Other Ethnicities in Hawaii
Authors: Hagiwara Megan Kiyomi Inada , Miyamura Jill , Yamada Seiji , Sentell Tetine 
Published: December 2015

Objectives. We compared the age at admission and the severity of illness of hospitalized Micronesians with 3 other racial/ethnic groups in Hawaii. Methods. With Hawaii Health Information Corporation inpatient data, we determined the age at admission and the severity of illness for 162 152 adult, non–pregnancy-related hospital discharges in Hawaii from 2010 to 2012. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses within major disease categories by racial/ethnic group. We created disease categories with all patient refined–diagnosis related groups. Results. Hospitalized Micronesians were significantly younger at admission than were comparison racial/ethnic groups across all patient refined–diagnosis related group categories. The severity of illness for Micronesians was significantly higher than was that of all comparison racial/ethnic groups for cardiac and infectious diseases, higher than was that of Whites and Japanese for cancer and endocrine hospitalizations, and higher than was that of Native Hawaiians for substance abuse hospitalizations. Conclusions. Micronesians were hospitalized significantly younger and often sicker than were comparison populations. Our results will be useful to researchers, state governments, and hospitals, providers, and health systems for this vulnerable group.
Physical Activity and Dietary Determinants of Weight Loss Success in the US General Population
Authors: Wilson Patrick 
Published: December 2015

Objectives. I studied lifestyle behaviors of long-term weight losers in a nationally representative sample. Methods. I categorized the dietary and physical activity data of 8012 adults from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys into (1) long-term weight losers (≥ 10% loss for ≥ 1 year), (2) recent weight losers (≥ 10% loss within past year), and (3) overweight or obese individuals who never lost 10% or more of their weight. Results. Long-term weight losers consumed fewer calories (2072; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2011, 2134 kcal vs 2211; 95% CI = 2173, 2249 kcal; P < .001) and were more likely to report any vigorous leisure activity (24.5% vs 20.3%; P = .027) than did overweight or obese individuals. Among those engaging in vigorous leisure activity, long-term weight losers reported a greater quantity (188; 95% CI = 159, 223 min × wk–1 vs 156; 95% CI = 142, 172 min × wk–1; P = .047). Recent weight losers did not differ from overweight or obese individuals on absolute calorie intake but reported less fat (79; 95% CI = 75, 83 g vs 84; 95% CI = 82, 86 g; P = .016) and more activity. Conclusions. Balanced calorie restriction from all macronutrients and physical activity are important behaviors for successful long-term weight loss in the general population.
Specific Sensitization Age Dynamic in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ilina N.G. , Krinitsyna Yu M. , Denisov M. Yu. , Sergeeva I.G. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Specific sensitization characterizes increased serum level of IgE to different groups of allergens
(food, dust, domestic and contact). Characteristic of specific sensitization changes with age of patient. Spectrum of
specific sensitization determined environmental factors, conditions of habitation.

Objective: objective was to research characteristic of specific sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Methods: There were 108 patients with atopic dermatitis, 1st group – 31 patient (17 boys and 14 girls) 0-3y.o., 2nd group
– 30 (13 boys and 17 girls) 4-13 y.o., 3rd group – 47 (16 men and 31 women) 16-63 y.o. In control group, there were 25
patients (4 men, 21 women) 16-64 y.o. with another dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, acne, rosacea and etc.,
without atopic dermatitis. In patients of all 4 groups evaluated personal, family allergic anamnesis, drug and food allergy,
sensitization by measuring common and specific levels of immunoglobulin E.
Results: 10%, 32%, 27% patients of 1st, 2nd, 3rd groups had food allergy. The main allergens were citruses (37% cases),
chocolate (27%) and milk (17%).
Conclusion: 44-52% patients with atopic dermatitis and 4% patients without atopy had non-specific sensitization, that
characterized five-fold increased serum level of IgE and more.

50-60% patients with atopic dermatitis had specific sensitization. 60% infants at the age under 3 y.o. with atopic
dermatitis had sensitization for epithelium of homepets, 50% - for milk, 30% - white-egg. Among adults with atopic
dermatitis sensitization was the same, as in control group. 35% patients with dermatoses without atopy had specific
sensitization.
APOGEE CHEMICAL TAGGING CONSTRAINT ON THE MAXIMUM STAR CLUSTER MASS IN THE α-ENHANCED GALACTIC DISK
Authors: Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Conroy Charlie , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Stars born from the same molecular cloud should be nearly homogeneous in their element abundances. The concept of chemical tagging is to identify members of disrupted clusters by their clustering in element abundance space. Chemical tagging requires large samples of stars with precise abundances for many individual elements. With uncertainties of

and

for 10 elements measured for

stars, the APOGEE DR12 spectra may be the first well-suited data set to put this idea into practice. We find that even APOGEE data offer only ∼500 independent volume elements in the 10-dimensional abundance space, when we focus on the α-enhanced Galactic disk. We develop and apply a new algorithm to search for chemically homogeneous sets of stars against a dominant background. By injecting star clusters into the APOGEE data set, we show that chemically homogeneous clusters with masses

would be easily detectable and yet no such signal is seen in the data. By generalizing this approach, we put a first abundance-based constraint on the cluster mass function for the old disk stars in the Milky Way.
HORIZONTAL FLOWS IN ACTIVE REGIONS FROM RING-DIAGRAM AND LOCAL CORRELATION TRACKING METHODS
Authors: Jain Kiran , Tripathy S. C. , Ravindra B. , Komm R. , Hill F. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Continuous high-cadence and high spatial resolution Dopplergrams allow us to study subsurface dynamics that may be further extended to explore precursors of visible solar activity on the surface. Since the p-mode power is absorbed in the regions of high magnetic field, the inferences in these regions are often presumed to have large uncertainties. In this paper, using the Dopplergrams from space-borne Helioseismic Magnetic Imager, we compare horizontal flows in a shear layer below the surface and the photospheric layer in and around active regions. The photospheric flows are calculated using the local correlation tracking (LCT) method, while the ring-diagram technique of helioseismology is used to infer flows in the subphotospheric shear layer. We find a strong positive correlation between flows from both methods near the surface. This implies that despite the absorption of acoustic power in the regions of strong magnetic field, the flows inferred from the helioseismology are comparable to those from the surface measurements. However, the magnitudes are significantly different; the flows from the LCT method are smaller by a factor of 2 than the helioseismic measurements. Also, the median difference between the direction of corresponding vectors is 49°.
CORRELATION OF HARD X-RAY AND WHITE LIGHT EMISSION IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Kuhar Matej , Krucker Säm , Oliveros Juan Carlos Martínez , Battaglia Marina , Kleint Lucia , Casadei Diego , Hudson Hugh S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
A statistical study of the correlation between hard X-ray and white light emission in solar flares is performed in order to search for a link between flare-accelerated electrons and white light formation. We analyze 43 flares spanning GOES classes M and X using observations from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We calculate X-ray fluxes at 30 keV and white light fluxes at 6173 Å summed over the hard X-ray flare ribbons with an integration time of 45 s around the peak hard-X ray time. We find a good correlation between hard X-ray fluxes and excess white light fluxes, with a highest correlation coefficient of 0.68 for photons with energy of 30 keV. Assuming the thick target model, a similar correlation is found between the deposited power by flare-accelerated electrons and the white light fluxes. The correlation coefficient is found to be largest for energy deposition by electrons above ∼50 keV. At higher electron energies the correlation decreases gradually while a rapid decrease is seen if the energy provided by low-energy electrons is added. This suggests that flare-accelerated electrons of energy ∼50 keV are the main source for white light production.