bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural sediment reduction using natural herbaceous buffer strips: a case study of the east African highland
Authors: Alemu Tibebu , Bahrndorff Simon , Alemayehu Esayas , Ambelu Argaw 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBuffer strips are permanently vegetated areas situated immediately adjacent to streams and provide an efficient and economical way to reduce nutrient loads from agricultural areas, but no studies exist of their effectiveness from the East African highlands. We thus evaluated the sediment filtering capabilities of natural herbaceous buffer strips under tropical highland climatic conditions. Overland flow samples were collected at field edges and at various positions in herbaceous buffers and tested for total suspended sediment, nitrate‐nitrogen and total phosphorus. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) of distance from field edge on the mean values of nutrients. On average, a 10.0 m herbaceous buffer reduced the total phosphorus by 99%, total suspended sediment by 94% and nitrate‐nitrogen by 85%. Altogether, the results suggest that herbaceous buffer strips are important to include in watershed management in agriculturally dominated tropical highlands in order to control sediment loss, stream siltation and the washout of nutrients.
Development of an independent hydrology audit methodology to support flood risk assessment in the planning process in Scotland
Authors: Meldrum Anita , Mickovski Slobodan B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe recent flooding in the North–East of Scotland has highlighted issues around climate change due to significant changes in duration, severity and volume of precipitation events. The Planning (PA) and Flood Authorities (FA) often do not have the capacity or resources to review and check the accuracy and robustness of the SUD schemes nor the calculations submitted by developers. This study demonstrates the development and application of an Independent Hydrology Audit (IHA) service aimed at auditing and reviewing ‘in principle’ planning applications from the aspect of flooding risk to the wider community the development is located within. The output of this service is to establish a more accurate representation of surface water impact from developments through the use of adequate green/blue infrastructure, provide a greater assurance to the communities at risk of flooding, and help the PA and FA meet their statutory obligations at the initial stage of planning.
Oxidative Stress Response Tips the Balance in Aspergillus terreus Amphotericin B Resistance
Authors: Jukic Emina , Blatzer Michael , Posch Wilfried , Steger Marion , Binder Ulrike , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Wilflingseder Doris 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we characterize the impact of antioxidative enzymes in amphotericin B (AmB)-resistant (ATR) and rare AmB-susceptible (ATS) clinical
Aspergillus terreus
isolates. We elucidate expression profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD)- and catalase (CAT)-encoding genes, enzymatic activities of SODs, and superoxide anion production and signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress response (OSR) in ATS and ATR strains under AmB treatment conditions. We show that ATR strains possess almost doubled basal SOD activity compared to that of ATS strains and that ATR strains exhibit an enhanced OSR, with significantly higher
sod2
mRNA levels and significantly increased
cat
transcripts in ATR strains upon AmB treatment. In particular, inhibition of SOD and CAT proteins renders resistant isolates considerably susceptible to the drug
in vitro
. In conclusion, this study shows that SODs and CATs are crucial for AmB resistance in
A. terreus
and that targeting the OSR might offer new treatment perspectives for resistant species.
Population Pharmacokinetics of AZD-5847 in Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Alsultan Abdullah , Furin Jennifer J. , Du Bois Jeannine , van Brakel Elana , Chheng Phalkun , Venter Amour , Thiel Bonnie , Debanne Sara A. , Boom W. Henry , Diacon Andreas H. , Johnson John L. , Peloquin Charles A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

AZD-5847 is a new oxazolidinone derivative under development for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Here we describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of AZD-5847 in patients with tuberculosis based on a recently completed phase II study. The study included 60 patients with drug-susceptible TB. Patients were randomized to four dosages (500 mg once daily, 1,200 mg once daily, 500 mg twice daily, and 800 mg twice daily). Patients were intensively sampled on days 1 and 14. AZD-5847 pharmacokinetics were best described with a two-compartment model with lag time (
T
lag
) for absorption. AZD-5847 bioavailability was nonlinear and plateaued at 800 mg. We performed deterministic simulation to compare the PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) of AZD-5847, linezolid, and sutezolid. AZD-5847 PK/PD in terms of both area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction (
f
AUC)/MIC and time the free concentration was above the MIC (
f
T>MIC) were less favorable than those for linezolid and sutezolid. This could help explain the poor bactericidal activity of AZD-5847 in the recent phase II study.
Genome Sequences of Two Listeria monocytogenes Strains from Nectarines Associated with Listeriosis in 2014
Authors: Lu Chunye , Marjanovic Olivera , Morales Christina , Kiang David 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is an important foodborne pathogen. Here, we present the annotated whole genome of
Listeria monocytogenes
strains F14M01297-C2 and F14M01297-C4, isolated from nectarines distributed by a packing facility in California during an investigation of listeriosis associated with stone fruit in 2014.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Divergent Dengue Virus Type 2 Strain, Imported into Australia from Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Pyke Alyssa T. , Huang Bixing , Warrilow David , Moore Peter R. , McMahon Jamie , Harrower Bruce 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
In 2015, a female patient returning to Australia from Sabah, Malaysia, was diagnosed with a suspected sylvatic dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) infection, becoming the second case of imported highly divergent dengue virus infection recorded in Australia. We describe here the complete genome sequencing of the DENV-2 strain isolated from this patient.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Trueperella pyogenes UFV1 Reveals a Processing System Involved in the Quorum-Sensing Signal Response
Authors: Duarte Vinícius da Silva , Treu Laura , Campanaro Stefano , Dias Roberto Sousa , Silva Cynthia Canedo da , Giacomini Alessio , Corich Viviana , de Paula Sérgio Oliveira 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the complete genome sequence of
Trueperella pyogenes
UFV1. The 2.3-Mbp genome contains an extremely interesting AI-2 transporter and processing system related to the quorum-sensing signal response. This specific feature is described in this species for the first time and might be responsible for a new pathogenic behavior.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Lactobacillus paracasei Strains, Members of the Nonstarter Microbiota of Mature Cheddar Cheese
Authors: Stefanovic Ewelina , Fitzgerald Gerald , McAuliffe Olivia 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus paracasei
strains are common members of the nonstarter microbiota present in various types of cheeses. The draft genome sequences of three strains isolated from mature cheddar cheeses are reported here.
Whole-Genome Sequences of 14 Strains of Bradyrhizobium canariense and 1 Strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Isolated from
Lupinus
spp. in Algeria
Authors: Chekireb Djamel , Crovadore Julien , Brachmann Andreas , Chablais Romain , Cochard Bastien , Lefort François 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the whole-genome sequences of 14 strains of
Bradyrhizobium canariense
, isolated from root nodules of
Lupinus microanthus
and
Lupinus angustifolius
, and 1 strain of
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
isolated from root nodules from
Lupinus angustifolius
in Algeria. These sequences add to the known diversity of this agronomically important genus.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter concisus ATCC 33237
T
and Draft Genome Sequences for an Additional Eight Well-Characterized
C. concisus
Strains
Authors: Cornelius Angela J. , Miller William G. , Lastovica Albert J. , On Stephen L. W. , French Nigel P. , Vandenberg Olivier , Biggs Patrick J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of the
Campylobacter concisus
type strain ATCC 33237 and the draft genome sequences of eight additional well-characterized
C. concisus
strains.
C. concisus
has been shown to be a genetically heterogeneous species, and these nine genomes provide valuable information regarding the diversity within this taxon.
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY SPORTS MEDICINE PERFORMANCE MODEL IN ELITE WOMENS INTERNATIONAL SOCCER
Authors: Boyce Stephen , Davies Oliver , McKenna Michael , White Andrew , Dixon Mark , Elliott Niall 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe traditional sports medicine “backroom” team in elite women's international soccer was comprised of a doctor and physiotherapist(s).ObjectiveTo introduce a multidisciplinary sports medicine performance model into elite women's international soccer and assess its impact.DesignProspective observational study.SettingScotland women's soccer national squad.ParticipantsElite women international soccer players.InterventionsIntroducing a sports science physiologist and strength and conditioning coach into the sports medicine team.Main Outcome MeasurementsTo monitor objective measurements and subjective health and wellbeing data on a daily basis at international squad gatherings.ResultsAll players reported to a health and wellbeing assessment in the medical area each morning. The following data was collected: Illness and injury surveillance, Urine hydration status, Body weight, Resting heart rate, Menstrual cycle, Physical objective tests (Sit and reach distance, Knee to wall distance, Thomas test, Counter movement jump height), Health and Wellbeing data (Fatigue status, Stress, Sleep quality, Motivation). The performance indicators were discussed amongst the sports medicine team and concerns regarding a player's health and fitness relayed to the coaching staff.ConclusionsChanging a traditional approach to performance and incorporating other professionals skills by working in partnership in a new sports medicine performance model provided an efficient method of determining player's health, wellbeing and fitness on a daily basis allowing discussion within the sports medicine team with any concerns relayed to the coaching staff over performance indicators.
The effect of combined resistance exercise training and vitamin D3supplementation on musculoskeletal health and function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Antoniak Anneka Elizabeth , Greig Carolyn A 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesIn older adults, there is a blunted responsiveness to resistance training and reduced muscle hypertrophy compared with younger adults. There is evidence that both exercise training and vitamin D supplementation may benefit musculoskeletal health in older adults, and it is plausible that in combination their effects may be additive. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined resistance exercise training and vitamin D3supplementation on musculoskeletal health in older adults.Data sourcesA comprehensive search of electronic databases, including Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane CENTRAL accessed by Wiley Science) was conducted. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials including men and women (aged ≥65 years or mean age ≥65 years); enlisting resistance exercise training and vitamin D3supplementation; including outcomes of muscle strength, function, muscle power, body composition, serum vitamin D/calcium status or quality of life comparing results with a control group. The review was informed by a preregistered protocol (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42015020157).ResultsSeven studies including a total of 792 participants were identified. Studies were categorised into two groups; group 1 compared vitamin D3supplementation and exercise training versus exercise alone (describing the additive effect of vitamin D3supplementation when combined with resistance exercise training) and group 2 compared vitamin D3supplementation and exercise training versus vitamin D3supplementation alone (describing the additive effect of resistance exercise training when combined with vitamin D3supplementation).Meta-analyses for group 1 found muscle strength of the lower limb to be significantly improved within the intervention group (0.98, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.24, p<0.001); all other outcomes showed small but non-significant positive effects for the intervention group. The short physical performance battery (SPPB), timed up and go (TUG), muscle strength of the lower limb and femoral neck bone mineral density showed significantly greater improvements in the intervention group for group 2 comparisons.ConclusionsThis review provides tentative support for the additive effect of resistance exercise and vitamin D3supplementation for the improvement of muscle strength in older adults. For other functional variables, such as SPPB and TUG, no additional benefit beyond exercise was shown. Further evidence is required to draw firm conclusions or make explicit recommendations regarding combined exercise and vitamin D3supplementation.
The role of a decision-support smartphone application in enhancing community health volunteers’ effectiveness to improve maternal and newborn outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya: quasi-experimental research protocol
Authors: Bakibinga Pauline , Kamande Eva , Omuya Milka , Ziraba Abdhalah K , Kyobutungi Catherine 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionImproving maternal and newborn survival remains major aspirations for many countries in the Global South. Slum settlements, a result of rapid urbanisation in many developing countries including Kenya, exhibit high levels of maternal and neonatal mortality. There are limited referral mechanisms for sick neonates and their mothers from the community to healthcare facilities with ability to provide adequate care. In this study, we specifically plan to develop and assess the added value of having community health volunteers (CHVs) use smartphones to identify and track mothers and children in a bid to reduce pregnancy-related complications and newborn deaths in the urban slums of Kamukunji subcounty in Nairobi, Kenya.Methods and analysisThis is a quasi-experimental study. We are implementing an innovative, mHealth application known as mobile Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (mPAMANECH) which uses dynamic mobile phone and web-portal solutions to enable CHVs make timely decisions on the best course of action in their management of mothers and newborns at community level. The application is based on existing guidelines and protocols in use by CHVs. Currently, CHVs conduct weekly home visits and make decisions from memory or using unwieldy manual tools, and thus prone to making errors. mPAMANECH has an in-built algorithm that makes it easier, faster and more likely for CHVs to make the right management decision. We are working with a network of selected CHVs and maternity centres to pilot test the tool. To measure the impact of the intervention, baseline and end-line surveys will be conducted. Data will be obtained through qualitative and quantitative methods.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was obtained from the African Medical Research Foundation. Key messages from the results will be packaged and disseminated through meetings, conference presentations, reports, fact sheets and academic publications to facilitate uptake by policy-makers.
Protocol: A grounded theory of ‘recovery’—perspectives of adolescent users of mental health services
Authors: Palmquist Lucianne , Patterson Sue , O'Donovan Analise , Bradley Graham 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionPolicies internationally endorse the recovery paradigm as the appropriate foundation for youth mental health services. However, given that this paradigm is grounded in the views of adults with severe mental illness, applicability to youth services and relevance to young people is uncertain, particularly as little is known about young people’s views. A comprehensive understanding of the experiences and expectations of young people is critical to developing youth mental health services that are acceptable, accessible, effective and relevant.AimTo inform development of policy and youth services, the study described in this protocol aims to develop a comprehensive account of the experiences and expectations of 12–17 year olds as they encounter mental disorders and transition through specialist mental health services. Data will be analysed to model recovery from the adolescents’ perspective.Method and analysisThis grounded theory study will use quantitative and qualitative data collected in interviews with 12–17 year olds engaged with specialist Child/Youth Mental Health Service in Queensland, Australia. Interviews will explore adolescents’ expectations and experiences of mental disorder, and of services, as they transition through specialist mental health services, including the meaning of their experiences and ideas of ‘recovery’ and how their experiences and expectations are shaped. Data collection and analysis will use grounded theory methods.Ethics and disseminationAdolescents’ experiences will be presented as a mid-range theory. The research will provide tangible recommendations for youth-focused mental health policy and practice. Findings will be disseminated within academic literature and beyond to participants, health professionals, mental health advocacy groups and policy and decision makers via publications, research summaries, conferences and workshops targeting different audiences. Ethical and research governance approvals have been obtained from relevant Human Research Ethics committees and all sites involved.
Fetal Doppler velocimetry and bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk among growth-restricted preterm infants: an observational study
Authors: Lio Alessandra , Rosati Paolo , Pastorino Roberta , Cota Francesco , Tana Milena , Tirone Chiara , Aurilia Claudia , Ricci Cinzia , Gambacorta Alessandro , Paladini Angela , Mappa Ilenia , Buongiorno Silvia , Zannoni Gian Franco , Romagnoli Costantino , Vento Giovanni 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate whether fetal growth restriction (FGR) diagnosis, based on pathological prenatal fetal Doppler velocimetry, is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) independently of being small for gestational age (SGA) per se at birth among very preterm infants.DesignProspective, observational study. FGR was defined as failing fetal growth in utero and fetal Doppler velocimetry abnormalities.SettingPoliclinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy.PatientsPreterm newborns with gestational age ≤30 weeks and birth weight (BW) ≤1250 g.Main outcome measuresBronchopulmonary dysplasia.ResultsIn the study period, 178 newborns were eligible for the study. Thirty-nine infants (22%) were considered fetal growth-restricted infants. Among the 154 survived babies at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, 12 out of 36 (33%) of the FGR group developed BPD versus 8 out of 118 (7%) of the NO-FGR group (p<0.001). BPD rate was sixfold higher among the SGA-FGR infants compared with the SGA-NO-FGR infants. In a multivariable model, FGR was significantly associated with BPD risk (OR 5.1, CI 1.4 to 18.8, p=0.01), independently from BW z-score that still remains a strong risk factor (OR 0.5, CI 0.3 to 0.9, p=0.01).ConclusionAmong SGA preterm infants, BPD risk dramatically increases when placenta dysfunction is the surrounding cause of low BW. Antenatal fetal Doppler surveillance could be a useful tool for studying placenta wellness and predicting BPD risk among preterm babies. Further research is needed to better understand how FGR affects lung development.
Productivity of public hospitals in Nepal: a data envelopment analysis
Authors: Silwal Pushkar Raj , Ashton Toni 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesPublic hospitals in Nepal account for a major share of the total health budget. Therefore, questions are often asked about the performance of these hospitals. Existing measures of performance are limited to historical ratio analyses without any benchmarks. The objective of this study is to explore the trends in inputs, outputs and productivity changes in Nepalese public hospitals from 2011–2012 to 2013–2014.Setting and participantsThe study was conducted among 32 Nepalese public hospitals (23 district level and 9 higher level) for the three fiscal years from 2011–2012 to 2013–2014.Outcome measuresFirst, basic ratio analyses were conducted for the input and output measures over the study years. Then, Malmquist productivity change scores were obtained using data envelopment analysis. Aggregated as well as separate analyses were conducted for district level and higher level hospitals.ResultsReal expenditures of the sampled hospitals declined over the 3-year period from an average of US$ 371 000 in year 1 to US$ 368 730 in year 2 and US$ 328680 in year 3. The average aggregated hospital outputs increased marginally from 8276 in 2011–2012 to 8613 in 2013–2014. The total factor productivity of the study hospitals declined by 6.9% annually from 2011–2012 to 2013–2014. Of the total 32 hospitals, productivity increased in only 12 (37.5%) hospitals and declined in the remaining 20 hospitals. The total factor productivity loss was influenced by a decline in technology change, despite an increase in efficiency.ConclusionsIn general, productivity of the study hospitals declined over the study period. Availability and accessibility of accurate, detailed and consistent measures of hospital inputs and outputs is a major challenge for this type of analysis.
Sequence analysis to assess labour market participation following vocational rehabilitation: an observational study among patients sick-listed with low back pain from a randomised clinical trial in Denmark
Authors: Lindholdt Louise , Labriola Merete , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Horsbøl Trine Allerslev , Lund Thomas 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionThe return-to-work (RTW) process after long-term sickness absence is often complex and long and implies multiple shifts between different labour market states for the absentee. Standard methods for examining RTW research typically rely on the analysis of one outcome measure at a time, which will not capture the many possible states and transitions the absentee can go through. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential added value of sequence analysis in supplement to standard regression analysis of a multidisciplinary RTW intervention among patients with low back pain (LBP).MethodsThe study population consisted of 160 patients randomly allocated to either a hospital-based brief or a multidisciplinary intervention. Data on labour market participation following intervention were obtained from a national register and analysed in two ways: as a binary outcome expressed as active or passive relief at a 1-year follow-up and as four different categories for labour market participation. Logistic regression and sequence analysis were performed.ResultsThe logistic regression analysis showed no difference in labour market participation for patients in the two groups after 1 year. Applying sequence analysis showed differences in subsequent labour market participation after 2 years after baseline in favour of the brief intervention group versus the multidisciplinary intervention group.ConclusionThe study indicated that sequence analysis could provide added analytical value as a supplement to traditional regression analysis in prospective studies of RTW among patients with LBP.