bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrofungal diversity of the Gireniz Valley (Denizli, Turkey)
Authors: Kaygusuz Oğuzhan , Gezer Kutret 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the macrofungal diversity of the Gireniz Valley. From 2010 to 2013, 674 samples of macrofungi were collected during field surveys conducted periodically in appropriate ecological conditions. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic studies, a total of 114 macrofungal taxa from the classes Pezizomycetes, Agaricomycetes and Tremellomycetes, distributed in 12 orders and 39 families, were determined. Five families, 10 genera and 20 taxa belonging to one order of Pezizomycetes class, 33 families, 57 genera and 93 taxa belonging to 10 orders of Agaricomycetes class and one family, one genus and one taxon belonging to one order of the class Tremellomycetes were identified. It was determined that among 114 macrofungal taxa identified in the study area, 45 were edible, 60 inedible, and nine were poisonous.
Morphological characters of the seed coat in selected species of the genus Hypericum L. and their taxonomic value
Authors: Szkudlarz Piotr , Celka Zbigniew 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eight Hypericum species are native to Poland: H. elegans Stephan ex Willd., H. hirsutum L., H. humifusum L., H. maculatum Crantz, H. montanum L., H. perforatum L., H. pulchrum L., and H. tetrapterum Fr. Only seeds of H. elegans were investigated in detail in Poland before, so here we present results of qualitative and quantitative analyses of seed morphology of the other 7 species, based on characters like seed length, width, and shape, seed coat sculpture, shape of epidermal cells of the testa, and number of epidermal cells along the seed axis. The results show that seeds of the studied species are small, 0.56-1.15 mm long and 0.26-0.49 mm wide. In SEM images, seed coat sculpture is reticulate in 5 species, papillate in H. hirsutum, and cup-shaped in H. pulchrum. The differences are caused by the varied final development of the testa epidermis, which constitutes the outer layer of the seed coat. The mean number of epidermal cells along the seed axis ranges from 22 to 33. Results of cluster analysis, based on the agglomeration method and including also published data on seeds of H. elegans, show that the variation in the investigated characters of seeds is reflected in the taxonomic division of the genus into sections.
Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads
Authors: Gašová Katarína , Kuklová Margita , Kukla Ján 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg-1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities.
Morphological features of Camarosporium pini – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine
Authors: Ivanová Helena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay Size Fraction of Cretaceous-Tertiary Kaolins in the Douala Sub-Basin, Cameroon
Authors: Bukalo Nenita N. , Ekosse Georges-Ivo E. , Odiyo John O. , Ogola Jason S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe structural order of Cretaceous-Tertiary kaolins of the Douala Sub-Basin in Cameroon was determined in this study. This was achieved using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) on the Bomkoul, Dibamba, Ediki, Logbaba, Missole and Yatchika kaolins. Transmittance spectra of 20 samples were recorded in the mid-infrared regions (MIR). Results show that most of the kaolins had the four distinguishable bands in the hydroxyl (OH) stretching region, though the second transmittance band (3670 cm
Doing state policy at preschool: An autoethnographic tale of universal access to ECEC in Australia
Authors: Millei Zsuzsa , Gobby Brad , Gallagher Jannelle 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In 2009, the Australian states and territories signed an agreement to provide 15 hours per week of universal access to quality early education to all children in Australia in the year before they enter school. Taking on board the international evidence about the importance of early education, the Commonwealth government made a considerable investment to make universal access possible by 2013. We explore the ongoing processes that seek to make universal access a reality in New South Wales by attending to the complex agential relationships between multiple actors. While we describe the state government and policy makers′ actions in devising funding models to drive changes, we prioritise our gaze on the engagement of a preschool and its director with the state government’s initiatives that saw them develop various funding and provision models in response. To offer accounts of their participation in policy making and doing at the preschool, we use the director’s autobiographical notes. We argue that the state’s commitment to ECEC remained a form of political manoeuvring where responsibility for policy making was pushed onto early childhood actors. This manoeuvring helped to silence and further fragment the sector, but these new processes also created spaces where the sector can further struggle for recognition through the very accountability measures that the government has introduced.
Hierarchies of knowledge, incommensurabilities and silences in South African ECD policy: Whose knowledge counts?
Authors: Rudolph Norma 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolicy for young children in South Africa is now receiving high-level government support through the ANC’s renewed commitment to redress poverty and inequity and creating ‘a better life for all’ as promised before the 1994 election. In this article, I explore the power relations, knowledge hierarchies and discourses of childhood, family and society in National Curriculum Framework (NCF) as it relates to children’s everyday contexts. I throw light on how the curriculum’s discourses relate to the diverse South African settings, child rearing practices and world-views, and how they interact with normative discourses of South African policy and global early childhood frameworks. The NCF acknowledges indigenous and local knowledges and suggests that the content should be adapted to local contexts. I argue that the good intentions of these documents to address inequities are undermined by the uncritical acceptance of global taken-for-granted discourses, such as narrow notions of evidence, western child development, understanding of the child as a return of investment and referencing urban middle class community contexts and values. These global discourses make the poorest children and their families invisible, and silence other visions of childhood and good society, including the notion of ‘convivial society’ set out in the 1955 Freedom Charter.
Bildung, Erziehung [education] and care in German early childhood settings – spotlights on current discourses
Authors: Frindte Annegret , Mierendorff Johanna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn German there is a long tradition of institutionalized daycare center-based early education. These institutions are concerned with Bildung, Erziehung und Betreuung - the education and care of children up to six years of age. Education and childrearing as well as care are all important but separate processes in German early childhood settings. Looking back, this theoretical division has a very long tradition. However, the energized public, political and professional discussions about the PISA results at the beginning of the 21st century led to Bildung and ECEC settings becoming increasingly important. Taking into account this complex and difficult historical development it is interesting to have a critical look at the dominant programmatic frames that characterize the German ECEC system nowadays: Bildung and quality of early education. The former double motif of education (Bildung und Erziehung) on the one hand and care (Betreuung) on the other hand remains an important aspect of German ECEC practices. Nevertheless, in the political arena and professional discourses Erziehung and Betreuung have been pushed into the background, to remain in symbolic form. Bildung and quality of early education seem to be in the spotlight. We will show how those programmatic frames have taken shape and are manifested in early childhood programs and projects.
Review paper: A Briefing to Grey Systems Theory
Authors: Li Qiaoxing , Lin Yi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Grey systems theory, probability theory, fuzzy systems theory and rough set theory are known as four uncertain systems scientific methodologies. After thirty years of development, grey systems theory has formed its own disciplinary framework, whose content includes grey philosophy, grey mathematics, processing and technology systems of grey information, as well as grey systems engineering. However, as a developing area of scientific activities, a lot of theoretical contents are still imperfect and awaiting further studies. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the readers with the development history, the main content and the major challenges of grey system theory. It is our hope that this paper could play the role of attracting the attention of the international academic community to the theory so that the development of this theory could be further promoted.
Pricing Strategy and Governments Intervention for Green Supply Chain with Strategic Customer Behavior
Authors: Ma Changsong , Li Tian , Li Cong , He Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper researches the pricing strategy and government intervention mechanism for green supply chain in monopoly market, while considering strategic customer behavior. According to optimization theory, it establishes the target functions of retailer and strategic customers and investigates the interactions between retailer and strategic customers in accordance with Stackelberg’s game theory, so as to confirm the optimal discount level for green products. In addition, it discusses the regulatory effect of government intervention, including the guiding price and fiscal subsides, on the sales of green products. The research shows that the retailer can make the profit maximization by adjusting the discount level; the governments can regulate the sales of products by implementing the guiding price and fiscal subsides to the retailer.
A Real-time Products Management Method in Supply Chain Management based on IOT
Authors: Zhao Xindan , Liu Jihong , Sun Xue 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Supply chain management is becoming the core competitiveness in enterprise competition, which is an important way to increase the enterprise’s profitability. With the development of the Internet of Things, supply chain management is gradually achieved by information technologies. This paper studies an information-based real-time products management method in supply chain management system through Java language, XML and other information technologies. Firstly, we introduce the supply chain management, then using XML document and B/S structure to realize the electronic management for products during product circulation process. The experimental results show that this system is stable and practicable, and could efficiently collect the product flow information which could provide valuable information for the materials and manufacture enterprises.
Constitution Building as a Panacea to Identity Conflicts in Africa: The Case of Nigeria
Authors: Amaechi Chidi M. , Muoh Obinna U. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Africa is rife with sectional discontents which metamorphose into protracted conflicts, civil wars, and terrorism. With forlorn hopes of survival in the system and without a say in the constitution building process, disgruntled groups easily cloak their political and socio-economic dissatisfaction with ethnicity, religious or similar identities in order to arouse group affection. At present, Nigeria is at the brink of disintegration as a result of this problem. The country has witnessed about six constitutional arrangements since independence. Yet, the clamour for a new constitution remains constant and, invariably, influenced the convening of the 2014 National Constitutional Conference in the country. Since constitution building provides a good opportunity for the citizens and groups to enshrine their wishes in the instrument of governance and thereby preventing the degeneration of grievances into conflict, questions have continued to arise. Does the constitution making process in Nigeria involve the people for whom the laws are meant for? Are the leaders mindful of the peace potentials of constitution building? This paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which the citizens were involved in the making of the previous constitutions in Nigeria. It projects the view that the failures of the past attempts and the prevalent identity conflicts in Nigeria are attributable to non-adherence to the basic principles of the indispensable people-oriented process of constitution building.
Start-Up Business: Process and Challenges in Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Radianto Wirawan E. D. , Santoso Eko Budi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This research aims to explore the process of entrepreneurship education and its challenges based on the facilitators′ viewpoints who take parts in the students′ business in entrepreneurship education. This case study determines the respondents purposively, and through in-depth interviews by using validated triangulation of methods, the data obtains. The research findings showed the process of entrepreneurship education starts from the process of incubating the students′ business. During this process, the research gains several important aspects, for instance, changing student’s mindset, bringing up their passion, and formulating target, performance indicators, and business process. This research also discusses the use of non-financial indicator as the indicator mostly used the faciltators to measure the students′ business performance. Furthermore, this research reveals that the facilitators should provide stimuli, give gradual assistance and guidance, and know the business needs of the students. Finally, the challenges identified are the difficulties to change mindset, the distinctiveness of each student’s business, the resources required by the facilitators, and facilitation and time management skills.
Taxation an Effective Tool for Income Re-Distribution in Nigeria
Authors: Obaretin Osasu , Akhor Sadiq Oshoke , Oseghale Osahon Emmanuel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper focused on taxation as a tool for effective income re-distribution in Nigeria. To achieve this data for the study were gathered from secondary source which include the Office of the Federal Inland Revenue Service and the World Bank Data Bank for the relevant years 1981 to 2014 (34 years) and this period is consider long enough to eliminate any effect of short run fluctuation on the dynamic on taxation and income redistribution in Nigeria. However, the ordinary least square statistical tool was used in analysing the time series data gathered. From the analyses the paper concluded that all tax variants do not exert significant impact on income disparity as observed by GINI at 5% level. The result suggests the taxation as not be able to fulfil its role as a standard tool of income re-distribution in Nigeria. Premised on the conclusion the paper recommended that the there is the need for effective, and equitable utilization of tax revenue and this recommendation suffices because of the insignificant influence of taxes on the level of income inequality as measured Gini-coefficient. Thus, the paper proposes that that there is the need to examine properly the distributional impact of the Nigerian tax system to (or “intending to”) ensuring that taxes create a more income-inclusive society by bridging the income disparity gap between the poor people and the rich.
The Predictive and Incremental Validity of Psychological Empowerment Dimensions on Teachers′ Career Commitment beyond Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness
Authors: Mabekoje Sesan O. , Azeez R. Olugbenga , Bamgbose Abel O. , Okunuga Olusola O. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examined the predictive and additive effects of psychological empowerment dimensions on teachers′ career commitment over and above the satisfaction of basic work needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Two hundred and twelve teachers, selected through a stratified random sampling technique took part in the survey. The Career Commitment Measure, Basic Needs Satisfaction at Work Scale, and Psychological Empowerment Instrument were used to collect data which were analyzed using Moderated Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings indicated that psychological needs satisfaction had predictive effect on teachers′ career commitment (R2= .233; p < .001). Psychological empowerment had both predictive and incremental effects on teachers′ career commitment (R2= .286; ΔR2= .053; p < .001), accounting for a significant add-on effect of 5.3 percent of the variance in teachers′ career commitment over the effect of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Empowering teachers psychologically has both predictive and add-on effects on teachers′ career commitment beyond the contribution of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Recommendations were made for research and practice.
Conflicts by Convergence and Deep Disagreements in European Constitutional Law
Authors: Scarcello Orlando 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this essay the question of what kind of conflicts are at stake in the context of European pluralism will be considered, with special focus on the shift from “conflicts by divergence” to “conflicts by convergence” and on attempts to conceptualise these issues by means of the concept of “complex antinomy”. It will be argued that this analysis needs some refinement and the concept of “levels of disagreements” will be introduced as an alternative. A specific focus will be maintained on the impact of different interpretive methodologies: in this way it is possible to underline the structure of “deep” and “superficial” disagreements in the context of European law. In order to illustrate this point, some notes on the recent Taricco saga will be developed. Finally, the relevance for European constitutionalism of deep disagreements on interpretive methodologies will be underlined.
Evaluation of the carcinogenic risks at the influence of POPs
Authors: Nazhmetdinova Aiman , Kassymbayev Adlet , Chalginbayeva Altinay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction:Kazakhstan is included in the list of environmentally vulnerable countries and Kyzylorda oblast in particular. This is due to its geographical, spatial and temporal and socioeconomic features.Materials and methods:As part of the program “Integrated approaches in the management of public health in the Aral region”, we have carried out an expertise on many samples of natural environments and products. Samples were selected in accordance with sampling procedures according to regulatory documents by specialists of the Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory. It is accredited by the State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan, for compliance with ST RK ISO/IEC 17025-2007 “General requirements for the competence of test and calibration laboratories”. Gas chromatograph was used for the determination of residues of organochlorine pesticides. For the determination of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyl was conducted on the gas chromatomass spectrometer with quadruple detector produce by Agilent Company, USA. To assess the risk, we carried out the mathematical calculations according to the risk of chemicals polluting (No P 2.1.10.1920-04, Russia). Calculation of the carcinogenic risk was carried out with the use of data on the size of the exposure and meanings of carcinogenic potential factors (slope factor and unit risk).Results and discussion:The evaluation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), based on the previous results of the research concerning water, soil and food products, was held in five population settlements in Kyzylorda oblast villages: Ayteke bi, Zhalagash, Zhosaly, Shieli and Aralsk town. Pollution with the POPs in the environmental objects by means of exposition and evaluation of the carcinogenic risk to human health is confirmed by the data of the statistical reporting about some morbidity in Kyzylorda oblast, such as skin diseases and subcutaneous tissue, endocrine system diseases, pregnancy complications etc.Conclusion:The received levels of carcinogenic risks, which were first carried out in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the village of Shieli, meet the third-risk range, which is not acceptable to the life of the population that again shows the problem of the Aral Sea, called the zone of ecological disaster.