bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterizations and Multifunctional Activities of New Thiourea-Based Non-Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Khan Musharaf , Shah Afzal , Khan Shahan Zeb 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSix new thiourea-based non-ionic surfactants were prepared from easily existing raw resources in good yield name 1-sec-butyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea, 1-dodecanoyl-3-phenylthiourea, 1,1-dibutyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea, 3-dodecanoyl-1, 1-diphenylthiourea, 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea and 1-butyl-3-dodecanoylthiourea. The structural chemistry of these compounds was studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C), Infrared spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotometry techniques. Their solubility varies according to temperature. They show a low solubility, which increases with the temperature of the water. However, they are not stable. The are soluble in organic solvent like ethanol. These molecules possess a low critical micelle concentration and due to this it shows that they are moderately hydrophobic. These molecules were studied regarding their antimicrobial activities and their antifungal and antibacterial efficiency was tested against five microoganism strains. In all cases, the new compounds show a significant inhibition growth against the tested five bacterial and fungal strains. Due to these behaviors they can be used as future candidates in cleaning as well as in agriculture features. The corrosion inhibition behavior was also studied using chromium and aluminum metals.
Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Tomassetti Nicola , Orcinha Miguel , Barão Fernando , Bertucci Bruna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The solar modulation effect of cosmic rays in the heliosphere is an energy-, time-, and particle-dependent phenomenon that arises from a combination of basic particle transport processes such as diffusion, convection, adiabatic cooling, and drift motion. Making use of a large collection of time-resolved cosmic-ray data from recent space missions, we construct a simple predictive model of solar modulation that depends on direct solar-physics inputs: the number of solar sunspots and the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet. Under this framework, we present calculations of cosmic-ray proton spectra, positron/electron and antiproton/proton ratios, and their time dependence in connection with the evolving solar activity. We report evidence for a time lag

months, between solar-activity data and cosmic-ray flux measurements in space, which reflects the dynamics of the formation of the modulation region. This result enables us to forecast the cosmic-ray flux near Earth well in advance by monitoring solar activity.
Le poujadisme en Normandie : un mouvement éphémère
Authors: Crespin Cyril 
Published: November 2017

Aux élections législatives de 1956, l’UDCA parvient à créer une véritable surprise. L’extrême droite pèse, pour la première fois en France, dans les urnes depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Or, en Normandie, région périphérique par rapport au centre de gravité du mouvement Poujade, l’UDCA connaît des difficultés électorales et partisanes. La construction éphémère de fédérations ainsi que les résultats aux différentes élections mettent en exergue les problèmes structurels de l’extrême droite en Normandie, tout en étant le miroir des différences spatiales visibles au sein de cette région. Enfin, ce mouvement doit faire face à une double opposition politique à droite qui, en basse Normandie tout particulièrement, constituera le principal facteur explicatif de son échec final.
Au miroir de ma mère, au miroir du smartphone…, où se crée le corps-ému ?
Authors: de Matteis Vanessa , Chocron Michael 
Published: November 2017

Un enfant tient un smartphone dans sa main et de son doigt commande le monde derrière l’écran. Mais cet enfant que vit-il ? A partir de cette scène de psycho-pathologie de la vie quotidienne, les auteurs interrogent la place du corps et de l’excitation face à l’écran, et le statut de cet objet. S’agit-il d’un voile ou d’une surface de projection du corps ? Au-delà, c’est une proposition de réflexion sur la dématérialisation des échanges et la disparition de la scène contemporaine du corps incarné dans sa dimension sexuelle.
L’audiovisuel chez le bébé : du spectateur d’images au cyber-bébé
Authors: Allard Claude 
Published: November 2017

La relation du bébé avec les images a été observée depuis longtemps. La télévision diffuse en masse des programmes spécifiques ou non. En France, la question des chaînes dédiées aux bébés a fait vivement débattre l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique. Avec le numérique, l’environnement se peuple d’appareils avec lesquels chacun communique de manière interactive à sa façon : ordinateur, console de jeu, tablette, téléphone portable, etc. Chacun y mène une double vie : la vraie et la virtuelle. Le bébé y devient-il acteur de sa propre vie ? Il interagit avec ces dispositifs, mais cela lui est-il bénéfique ou non ? Dans quelle mesure la dynamique familiale à laquelle il participe en est-elle modifiée ? Son développement psychoaffectif et cognitif est-il susceptible de modifications, voire de perturbations ? C’est ce que je propose de développer dans cet article.
Repeatability of a Commercially Available Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator and Aberrometer in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Kochar Shruti , Grover Tushar , Khamar Pooja , Kusumgar Pallak , Sainani Kanchan , Sinha Roy Abhijit 
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the repeatability of aberration measurement obtained by a Hartmann–Shack aberrometer combined with a visual adaptive optics simulator in normal and keratoconic eyes.

METHODS:
One hundred fifteen normal eyes and 92 eyes with grade I and II keratoconus, as per the Amsler–Krumeich classification, were included in the study. To evaluate the repeatability, three consecutive measurements of ocular aberrations were obtained by a single operator. Zernike analyses up to the 5th order for a pupil size of 4.5 mm were performed. Statistical analyses included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and within-subject standard deviation (SD).

RESULTS:

For intrasession repeatability, the ICC value for sphere and cylinder was 0.94 and 0.93 in normal eyes and 0.98 and 0.97 in keratoconic eyes, respectively. The ICC for root mean square of higher order aberrations (HOA
RMS
) was 0.82 in normal and 0.98 in keratoconic eyes. For 3rd order aberrations (trefoil and coma), the ICC values were greater than 0.87 for normal eyes and greater than 0.92 for keratoconic eyes. The ICC for spherical aberration was 0.92 and 0.90 in normal and keratoconic eyes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Visual adaptive optics provided repeatable aberrometry data in both normal and keratoconic eyes. For most of the parameters, the repeatability in eyes with early keratoconus was somewhat better than that for normal eyes. The repeatability of the Zernike terms was acceptable for 3rd order (trefoil and coma) and spherical aberrations. Therefore, visual adaptive optics was a suitable tool to perform repeatable aberrometric measurements.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):769–772.]
Accuracy of Visual Estimation of LASIK Flap Thickness
Authors: Brenner Jason E. , Fadlallah Ali , Hatch Kathryn M. , Choi Catherine , Sayegh Rony R. , Kouyoumjian Paul , Wu Simon , Frangieh George T. , Melki Samir A. 
Published: November 2017

PURPOSE:
To assess the accuracy of surgeons' visual estimation of LASIK flap thickness when created by a femtosecond laser by comparing it to ultrasound measurements.

METHODS:
Surgeons were asked to visually estimate the thickness of a femtosecond flap during the procedure. Total corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry prior to the procedure and the stromal bed was similarly measured after flap lifting. The estimates from three experienced surgeons (cornea fellowship trained and more than 5 years in practice) were compared to those of three cornea fellows, with each surgeon evaluating 20 eyes (120 total). Surgeons were not told the thickness of the flaps unless required for safety reasons.

RESULTS:

The average difference between visual and ultrasonic estimation of LASIK flap thickness was 15.20
μ
m. The flap was 10
μ
m thicker than estimated in 37% of eyes, 20
μ
m thicker in 17% of eyes, and 30
μ
m thicker in 10% of eyes. The largest deviation was 53
μ
m. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of experienced surgeons and fellows (
P
= .51).

CONCLUSIONS:
There are significant differences between surgeons' visual estimates and ultrasonic measurements of LASIK flap thickness. Relying on these visual estimates may lead to deeper excimer laser ablation than intended. This could lead to thinner residual stromal beds and higher percent tissue altered than planned. The authors recommend that surgeons measure flaps intraoperatively to maximize accuracy and safety.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(11):765–767.]
Légalité et légitimité
Authors: Schmitt Carl 
Published: November 2017

Rédigé dans l’urgence à l’été de 1932, ce petit traité accompagne l’échec de la première expérience démocratique allemande. Il jette un regard incisif sur la crise qui emporte la République de Weimar et évalue les chances de sauver le régime face aux extrémistes de droite et de gauche. Philosophie politique, commentaire juridique et raison d’État se conjuguent ici sous l’effet d’une rhétorique vigoureuse et rusée, digne des plus grands publicistes.Écrit dans un contexte tragique et marqué par la carrière sulfureuse de son auteur, l’ouvrage a connu des échos aussi multiples qu’inattendus dans les démocraties d’après-guerre. La démocratie est-elle foncièrement un régime sans défense ? Doit-elle accepter l’existence de partis politiques attachés à la renverser ? Les mesures d’exception et de sécurité sont-elles justifiables au nom du salut public ? Peut-on préserver l’esprit d’une constitution et en nier la lettre ? Les questions que pose cet ouvrage résonnent encore dans d’innombrables conflits politiques.
Circulating Markers Reflect Both Anti- and Pro-Atherogenic Drug Effects in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Liao Birong , McCall Eileen , Cox Karen , Lee Chung-Wein , Huang Shuguang , Higgs Richard E , Chio Li-Chun , Zhen Eugene , Hale John E , Jackson Nancy K , Rutherford Pamela G , Huang Xiao-di , Gifford-Moore Donetta , Hui Kwan , Duffin Kevin , Gould Kenneth E , Rekhter Mark 
Published: November 2017

Background Current drug therapy of atherosclerosis is focused on treatment of major risk factors, e.g. hypercholesterolemia while in the future direct disease modification might provide additional benefits. However, development of medicines targeting vascular wall disease is complicated by the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we took a novel approach to identify circulating biomarkers indicative of drug efficacy by reducing the complexity of the in vivo system to the level where neither disease progression nor drug treatment was associated with the changes in plasma cholesterol. Results ApoE-/- mice were treated with an ACE inhibitor ramipril and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin. Ramipril significantly reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in brachiocephalic arteries, however simvastatin paradoxically stimulated atherogenesis. Both effects occurred without changes in plasma cholesterol. Blood and vascular samples were obtained from the same animals. In the whole blood RNA samples, expression of MMP9, CD14 and IL-1RN reflected pro-and anti-atherogenic drug effects. In the plasma, several proteins, e.g. IL-1β, IL-18 and MMP9 followed similar trends while protein readout was less sensitive than RNA analysis. Conclusion In this study, we have identified inflammation-related whole blood RNA and plasma protein markers reflecting anti-atherogenic effects of ramipril and pro-atherogenic effects of simwastatin in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. This opens an opportunity for early, non-invasive detection of direct drug effects on atherosclerotic plaques in complex in vivo systems.
What is New on Thyroid Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Ruggeri Rosaria M. , Campennì Alfredo , Baldari Sergio , Trimarchi Francesco , Trovato Maria 
Published: November 2017

Thyroid cancer harbours in about 5% of thyroid nodules. The majority of them are well-differentiated cancers originating from the follicular epithelium, and are subdivided into papillary and follicular carcinomas. Undifferentiated carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas arising from C cells are less common.Although most thyroid nodules are benign, distinguishing thyroid cancer from benign lesions is crucial for an appropriate treatment and follow-up. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) allows the diagnosis of nature of thyroid nodules in the majority of cases. However, FNAC has some limitations, particularly in the presence of follicular lesions which can appear dubious in rare instances even at histology.In an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy and offer new prognostic criteria, several immunohistochemical and molecular markers have been proposed. However, most of them have to be validated on large series before being used in routine practice.
Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Apoptotic Neuroretinal Cells
Authors: Brust Anja-Kristina , Ulbrich Holger K. , Seigel Gail M. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Grus Franz H. 
Published: November 2017

Glaucoma is characterized by a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) which is associated with a decrease of visual function. Neuroprotective agents as a new therapeutic strategy could prevent the remaining neurons from apoptotic cell death. Previous studies have shown the involvement of the Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 signalling in the apoptotic death of neurons. Herein we investigated the neuroprotective effect of COX-1/COX-2- and selective COX-2- inhibitors on apoptotic. R28, a neuroretinal cell line and determined the PGE2 levels by ELISA. Furthermore we investigated differences in protein expression in the cells after exposure to elevated pressure compared to untreated cells by ProteinChip analysis. In addition, a protein profiling study of the cells after exposure to elevated pressure was performed. The protein expression profiles were measured by SELDI-TOF (Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization-time of flight) Protein Chips. The protein identification was performed by mass spectrometry (MS). It could be shown that COX-2 inhibition significantly prevented the cells from apoptosis and reduced the PGE2 concentrations. Selective COX-2 inhibitors were significant more potent than non-selective inhibitors or COX-1 inhibitors. We found differently expressed protein patterns in neuroretinal cells cultured at atmospheric pressure compared to those cells exposed to elevated pressure with or without celecoxib respectively. We identified three biomarkers, ubiquitin, HSP10 and NDKB, which were differently expressed in the groups. However, our data indicates a distinct neuroprotective effect of COX-2 inhibition. The local treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors might provide an innovative strategy of therapeutic intervention for glaucoma.
Pulmonary Biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Thompson Alecia , Bhandari Vineet 
Published: November 2017

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or BPD, is a chronic pulmonary disorder of premature infants, commonly defined as having an oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. It is an important source of morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. Its’ etiology appears to be multifactorial with the most common associations being prematurity, need for mechanical ventilation, and oxygen exposure. Implied in the pathogenesis of BPD is the role of cytokines which are immune mediators produced by most cell types. This is evidenced by studies in which there exist alterations in the levels of “pro-inflammatory” and “anti-inflammatory” cytokines. The imbalance of these cytokines have either heralded the onset or predicted the presence of BPD, or indicated a decreased propensity to developing this chronic respiratory disorder of preterm infants. Many other pulmonary markers have been shown to be altered in patients with BPD. These include markers indicative of altered lung repair processes, decreased endothelial integrity, oxidative damage and abnormal fibrinolytic activity, all of which are thought to be mechanisms contributing to the development of BPD.In this review, we will discuss the physiologic role of specific biomarkers in the pulmonary tract of the human premature neonate, the perturbations that enable them to be deranged, and their proposed association with BPD.
Improvement of Bone-Sparing Effect of Soy Isoflavones by Pre- and Probiotics in Postmenopausal women
Authors: Mathey J. , Lamothe V. , Bennetau-Pelissero C. , Davicco M.J. , Tondu F. , Bornet F.R.J. , Paineau D. , La Droitte P. , Coxam V. 
Published: November 2017

Background Phytoestrogens consumption is targeted as a possible way to achieve hormonal permeation in postmenopausal women. However, their health effect could depend on their bioavailability. Objectives As phytoestrogens bioavailability could be improved by modulating intestinal microflora, the present study was undertaken to investigate whether isoflavones and pre-or probiotics may improve bone markers. Design An intervention trial (2 months) was carried out on 39 postmenopausal women receiving 100 mg of IF aglycon equivalents daily, incorporated in two jelly milk and two cereal bars. After the first month, the participants were randomised into three treatment groups: soy (control group), soy + fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics group) and soy + yoghurt cultures (probiotics group). Results Level of isoflavone intake was associated with a significant increase in plasma isoflavone levels from baseline to day 15 which was maintained until day 60. Probiotics consumption was associated with increased plasma equol levels at day 60. A 5% increase of bone alkaline phosphatase was elicited on day 30, compared to initial values. Pre- or probiotics did not modulate this parameter. Urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was slightly increased at day 60. Prebiotics and probiotics consumption improved this parameter. The effect of prebiotics was exacerbated in early compared to late postmenopausal women. Conclusion Addition of prebiotics or probiotics to a diet providing isoflavones is able to improve parameters of bone turnover in early menopause.
The Effects of Regular Tanning Bed Use and Increased Vitamin D Status on Serum Markers of Bone Turnover in Healthy Adult Women
Authors: Peterson Catherine A. , Heffernan Mary E. , Sisk Kay A. , Ring Susan M. 
Published: November 2017

Background Vitamin D is a key nutrient in bone health and the vitamin D status of individuals with regular exposure to solar or artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is generally superior to those with limited exposure. Objective By means of a cross-sectional, observational design, explore the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and biochemical markers of bone turnover across a spectrum of vitamin D status by comparing women who regularly use tanning beds with women of minimal UVB exposure. Methods A total of 69 healthy women, ages 25–82 y, were recruited. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), leptin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), and C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTx) were measured. Results There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, BMI and dietary intakes between groups. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in tanners (n = 20) compared with non-tanners (n = 49) (p < 0.0001). Serum iPTH concentrations were lower in tanners than in non-tanners (p < 0.0001) and were negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = –4571, p < 0.0001). Of the bone turnover markers, only serum OC concentrations were lower in tanners compared with non-tanners (p = 0.0002). After adjusting for age and menopausal status, osteocalcin was negatively correlated (r = –0.0178; p = 0.04) with 25(OH)D and positively correlated with iPTH (r = 0.035; p = 0.05). Conclusions Our results show healthy women with regular UVB exposure via tanning beds have significantly greater vitamin D status and lower serum osteocalcin concentrations than those without and that there is a significant inverse relationship between serum serum 25(OH)D and osteocalcin concentrations which appears to be PTH-dependent.
Progesterone for Luteal Phase Support in in Vitro Fertilization: Comparison of Vaginal and Rectal Pessaries to Vaginal Capsules: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Khrouf Mohamed , Slimani Soufiene , Khrouf Myriam Razgallah , Braham Marouen , Bouyahia Maha , Berjeb Khadija Kacem , Chaabane Hanene Elloumi , Merdassi Ghaya , Kaffel Aida Zahaf , Zhioua Amel , Zhioua Fethi 
Published: November 2017

Background In IVF, Luteal phase support is usually performed using vaginal progesterone. A part of patients using this route reports being uncomfortable with this route. We tried to study whether the rectal route could be an effective alternative and associated with less discomfort. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized controlled study. All patient were eligible for IVF treatment for infertility. After oocyte pickup, 186 patients were allocated to one the following protocols for luteal phase support: (i) rectal pessaries group: natural progesterone pessaries administered rectally 200 mg three times a day, (ii) vaginal pessaries group: natural progesterone pessaries administered vaginally 200 mg three times a day), and (iii) vaginal capsules group: natural micronized progesterone capsules administered vaginally 200 mg three times a day. On the day of pregnancy test, patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire conducted by an investigator in order to assess the tolerability and side effects of the LPS treatment taken. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of perineal irritation. Results Fifty eight patients were assigned to the rectal pessaries group, 68 patients to the vaginal pessaries group, and 60 patients to the vaginal capsules group. All patients adhered to their allocated treatment. Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates per transfer did not differ between the three groups. Perineal irritation, which was our primary endpoint, was the same for all the three groups (respectively 1.7 % versus 5.9 % versus 11.7%). Regarding the other side effects, more patients experienced constipation and flatulence with the rectal route, whereas more patients reported vaginal discharge in the vaginal capsules group. Conclusion Rectal administration for luteal phase support is effective and well accepted alternative to vaginal route.