bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autofluorescent gelatin nanoparticles as imaging probes to monitor matrix metalloproteinase metabolism of cancer cells
Authors: Cai Bo , Rao Lang , Ji Xinghu , Bu Lin‐Lin , He Zhaobo , Wan Da , Yang Yi , Liu Wei , Guo Shishang , Zhao Xing‐Zhong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, autofluorescent gelatin nanoparticles were synthesized as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) responsive probes for cancer cell imaging. A modified two‐step desolvation method was employed to generate these nanoparticles whose size was controllable and had stable autofluorescence. As glutaraldehyde was introduced as the crosslinking agent, the generation of Schiff base (CN) and double carbon bond (CC) between glutaraldehyde and gelatin endowed these gelatin nanoparticles distinct autofluorescence. Considering MMPs were usually overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells and they had degradation ability toward gelatin, we utilized these nanoparticles as imaging probes to responsively monitor the MMP metabolism of cancer cells according to the luminance change. As fluorescent probes, these nanoparticles had facile synthesis procedure and good biocompatibility, and provided a smart strategy to monitor cancer cell behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2854–2860, 2016.
Products derived from olive leaves and fruits can alter in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production
Authors: Shakeri Pirouz , Durmic Zoey , Vadhanabhuti Joy , Vercoe Philip E 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe industrial processing of olive generates a high quantity of by‐products. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of products derived from olive trees, i.e. leaves, fruits or kernels as a sole substrate (part A), and crude extract from leaves combined with a substrate (part B) on rumen microbial fermentation in an in vitro batch fermentation system. In this study, total gas production, methane production, and concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia in ruminal fluid were measured.RESULTSIn part A, in vitro fermentation of leaves or fruits yielded a gas and total VFA production that were comparable with control substrate, while most of them produced significantly less methane (up to 55.6%) when compared to control substrate. In part B, amongst leaf extracts, only addition of chloroform extract reduced methane production, which was also associated with a decrease (P < 0.01) in gas production. This effect was associated with a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in acetate to propionate ratio and ammonia production, but not in reduction in VFA concentrations.CONCLUSIONOlive leaf and olive leaf chloroform extract reduced ammonia production and increased the molar proportion of propionate in the rumen and can assist in developing novel feed additives for methane mitigation from the rumen. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The electrophysiology of thyroid surgery: electrophysiologic and muscular responses with stimulation of the vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Liddy Whitney , Barber Samuel R. , Cinquepalmi Matteo , Lin Brian M. , Patricio Stephanie , Kyriazidis Natalia , Bellotti Carlo , Kamani Dipti , Mahamad Sadhana , Dralle Henning , Schneider Rick , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Wu Che‐Wei , Chiang Feng Yu , Randolph Gregory 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisCorrelation of physiologically important electromyographic (EMG) waveforms with demonstrable muscle activation is important for the reliable interpretation of evoked waveforms during intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of the vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) in thyroid surgery.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsData were reviewed retrospectively for thyroid surgery patients with laryngeal nerve IONM from January to December, 2015. EMG responses to monopolar stimulation of the vagus/RLN and EBSLN were recorded in bilateral vocalis, cricothyroid (CTM), and strap muscles using endotracheal tube‐based surface and intramuscular hook electrodes, respectively. Target muscles for vagal/RLN and EBSLN stimulation were the ipsilateral vocalis and CTM, respectively. All other recording channels were nontarget muscles.ResultsFifty surgical sides were identified in 37 subjects. All target muscle mean amplitudes were significantly higher than in nontarget muscles. With vagal/RLN stimulation, target ipsilateral vocalis mean amplitude was 1,095.7 μV (mean difference range = −814.1 to −1,078 μV, P < .0001). For EBSLN stimulation, target ipsilateral CTM mean amplitude was 6,379.3 μV (mean difference range = −6,222.6 to −6,362.3 μV, P < .0001). Target muscle large‐amplitude EMG responses correlated with meaningful visual or palpable muscular responses, whereas nontarget EMG responses showed no meaningful muscle activation.ConclusionsTarget and nontarget laryngeal muscles are differentiated based on divergence of EMG response directly correlating with presence or absence of visual and palpable muscle activation. Low‐amplitude EMG waveforms in nontarget muscles with neural stimulation can be explained by the concept of far‐field artifactual waveforms and do not correspond to a true muscular response. The surgeon should be aware of these nonphysiologic waveforms when interpreting and applying IONM during thyroid surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:764–771, 2017
The Influence of Blend Ratio on the Morphology, Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of PP/LDPE Blends
Authors: Mofokeng Tladi Gideon , Ojijo Vincent , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: July 2016

This paper reports on how the blend ratio and morphology influence the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and rheological properties of poly(propylene) (PP)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) blends. The blend morphology is composed of the major matrix phase and the minor phase, with subinclusions of the major matrix existing within the minor phase. Blends containing low amounts (<20 wt%) of either phase exhibit partial miscibility but the phases are immiscible at higher contents. Partial miscibility of the blends is revealed by scanning electron microscopy studies showing fibril‐like structures and confirmed by rheology. The tensile modulus of the blends decreases with increasing amounts of LDPE, but low LDPE contents exhibit positive deviation from the mixing rule of mixture due to partial compatibility. The crystallinity of PP is affected less than that of LDPE in the blends. Thermomechanical and rheological properties of neat polymers are significantly influenced by blending. The blend ratio and morphology influence impact strength and elongation at break, and the result demonstrates that the 80/20 PP/LDPE blend offers a balance among the mechanical and material properties that are essential for flexible packaging applications.image
Changes in Caregiver Knowledge and Perceived Competency Following Group Education about Sensory Processing Disturbances: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Peterson Theodore W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParents or teachers (n = 10) of children diagnosed on the autism spectrum and exhibiting sensory processing disorders (SPD) attended a series of six weekly educational sessions designed to increase the participants' knowledge of SPD, skills in interacting with children exhibiting SPD and confidence in intervening with children exhibiting undesirable behaviours stemming from SPD. The sessions consisted of group classroom instruction with instructional methods including PowerPoint‐assisted lecture/discussion and short video clips. Pre‐test and post‐test assessment was made of the participants' (a) self‐perceived knowledge of sensory processing concepts; (b) actual knowledge of sensory processing concepts; and (c) self‐rated competency for dealing with children exhibiting behaviours related to SPD. Statistical analysis revealed significant gains were achieved on all measures. The results were interpreted as indicating that group classroom instruction is an effective means of increasing such caregivers' self‐perceived knowledge of sensory processing concepts, actual knowledge of sensory processing concepts and self‐rated competency for dealing with children exhibiting behaviours related to SPD. Future research to assess the short‐term and long‐term impacts of these gains and to gauge the relative effectiveness of various contents for such sessions is recommended. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melanin from a physicochemical point of view
Authors: Menter Julian M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMelanin has an ambivalent nature; it can act as a protective or anti‐protective agent, depending on its previous history. In this article we briefly review the current state of understanding of melanin structure and biosynthesis, its binding with drugs and metals, its adsorption and (photo)semiconductive properties, and its ability to couple redox reactions There is now a greater appreciation of the structural and spectroscopic differences between 5,6‐dihydroxyindole and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid melanins and a greater knowledge of the kinetics of eumelanin to pheomelanin and neuromelanin transformations and the molecular links among them. The scope of drug and metal binding to melanin has expanded. Recent work has shown that melanin can act as an electronic–ionic conductor. Melanin can couple redox reactions for biologically and commercially relevant solid and gaseous systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The yeast transcription elongation factor Spt4/5 is a sequence‐specific RNA binding protein
Authors: Blythe Amanda J. , Yazar‐Klosinski Berra , Webster Michael W. , Chen Eefei , Vandevenne Marylène , Bendak Katerina , Mackay Joel P. , Hartzog Grant A. , Vrielink Alice 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe heterodimeric transcription elongation factor Spt4/Spt5 (Spt4/5) tightly associates with RNAPII to regulate both transcriptional elongation and co‐transcriptional pre‐mRNA processing; however, the mechanisms by which Spt4/5 acts are poorly understood. Recent studies of the human and Drosophila Spt4/5 complexes indicate that they can bind nucleic acids in vitro. We demonstrate here that yeast Spt4/5 can bind in a sequence‐specific manner to single stranded RNA containing AAN repeats. Furthermore, we show that the major protein determinants for RNA‐binding are Spt4 together with the NGN domain of Spt5 and that the KOW domains are not required for RNA recognition. These findings attribute a new function to a domain of Spt4/5 that associates directly with RNAPII, making significant steps towards elucidating the mechanism behind transcriptional control by Spt4/5.
Excitons and fundamental transport properties of diamond under photo‐injection
Authors: Naka Nobuko , Morimoto Hikaru , Akimoto Ikuko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren Exciton diffusivity and carrier mobility are key features in determining transport properties of a material. The optimum values required for high‐performance devices are expected to be realized in undoped intrinsic materials. Diamond, one of the emergent high‐mobility materials, has a wide band gap suited for use in power electronics and optoelectronics. For many years, however, mobility measurement for diamond has been limited by carrier freezing at deep impurity levels. Recently, attempts at utilizing photoexcited carriers in undoped diamond have been made in a wide temperature range and various excitation schemes. A series of investigations demonstrated a wealth of intriguing observations such as dominant role of excitons and emergence of low‐temperature anomaly in momentum relaxation. This article highlights recent experimental advances and progresses in understanding transport properties of photoexcited intrinsic diamond.
Identification and formation mechanism of individual degradation products in lithium‐ion batteries studied by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry
Authors: Takeda Sahori , Morimura Wataru , Liu Yi‐Hung , Sakai Tetsuo , Saito Yuria 
Published: July 2016

RationaleImprovement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products.MethodsThe degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle‐tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)‐MS analysis was conducted by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source.ResultsThe degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI‐MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP‐MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI‐MS and ASAP‐MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the structures of photodegradation impurities and pathways of photodegradation of cilnidipine by liquid chromatography/Q‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Zeng Hongxia , Wang Fan , Zhu Bingqi , Zhong Weihui , Shan Weiguang , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2016

RationaleThe structures of photodegradation impurities in cilnidipine were studied by liquid chromatography/Q‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC/Q‐Orbitrap MS) for the further improvement of the official monographs in Pharmacopoeias. The complete fragmentation patterns of impurities were investigated to obtain their structural information. Two pathways of photodegradation of cilnidipine were also explored to clarify the source of impurities in cilnidipine.MethodsChromatographic separation was performed on a Boston Group C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/H2O at a ratio of 75:25 (v/v). In order to determine the m/z values of the molecular ions and formulas of all detected impurities, full scan LC/MS in both positive and negative ion modes was firstly performed using a Thermo LC system coupled with a Q‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometer. LC/MS/MS analysis was also carried out on target compounds to obtain as much structural information as possible.ResultsFive novel photodegradation impurities of cilnidipine were separated and identified based on the high‐resolution MS/MS data. Impurity III was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR data. Two photodegradation pathways to produce different photodegradation impurities were also revealed in this study.ConclusionsAmong those impurities, impurities II and III were the main impurities which existed in the cilnidipine available on the market. Impurity II (the Z‐isomer) was mainly produced when cilnidipine powder was directly exposed to daylight while impurity III (containing a piperidine ring) was mainly produced when cilnidipine was exposed to daylight in an ethanolic solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alkyl‐1,4‐Benzoquinones – From Synthesis to Application
Authors: Rodikova Yulia A. , Zhizhina Elena G. , Pai Zinaida P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlkyl‐1,4‐benzoquinones (ABQs) such as 2,3‐, 2,5‐ and 2,6‐dimethyl‐ and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐benzoquinones are versatile building blocks and also have many others applications known for this type of compounds. Nowadays the requirements of environmental safety necessitate revising preparation processes of such compounds and searching for alternative synthesis ways. Until recently, there have been many efforts to develop sustainable green processes. However, the efficiency of proposed methods differs significantly. For this reason, in this review we would like to outline a variety of chemical properties of ABQs in order to show their great potential as chemical precursors, to describe some interesting applications of ABQs and then to give description of existing ABQ synthesis procedures developed in the last few decades. The review summarizes advances in liquid‐phase selective oxidation of alkylphenols with molecular oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and t‐butyl hydroperoxide by using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Consideration of old methods for ABQ synthesis is of interest for understanding the evolution of preferences in the field and for comparing the efficiency of methods.
Low‐Cost and Environmental‐Friendly Kaolinite‐Intercalated Hybrid Material Showing Fast Formaldehyde Adsorbing Behavior
Authors: Yang Hao , Sun Xin , Liu Shao‐Xian , Liu Jian‐Lan , Ren Xiao‐Ming 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFormaldehydeis a widespread used chemical and its toxicity and volatility threaten seriously human health. Although the active carbon is a cheap and frequently used material for adsorption of formaldehyde indoor or inside new car, the physical adsorption needs too long time and the adsorbed formaldehyde is finally released in air. Herein we report an indeed low‐cost and environmental‐friendly formaldehyde adsorbent, which is made from the mineral kaolinite intercalated with natural amino acid L‐α‐alanine (the intercalated compound is abbreviated as K‐Ala). The hybrid K‐Ala was characterized by elemental analysis for C, H and N; thermogravimetric, infrared spectroscopy and powder x‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, the saturate adsorption is reached within six hours with the maximum adsorption amount of 45.6 milligram HCHO per gram of K‐Ala compared with commercial activated carbons that the adsorption capacity increase more than five times (7.62 mg/g). On the basis of DFT calculations, the mechanism is analyzed for the quick adsorption of formaldehyde.
Spinel MnCo2O4/N,S‐doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Li Rui , Wang Juan , Zhong Qin , Bu Yunfei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of inexpensive and effective catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has become one of the most important topics. Herein, we designed a novel MnCo2O4/N,S‐doped carbon nanotubes hybrid nanocomposite, which was synthesized via facile solvothermal and solution‐based oxidation‐precipitation process. After carefully investigated by Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Rotating‐disc electrode (RDE) tests, the result indicated that benefiting from the doping N,S into carbon nanotubes provides superior enhancement of electrocatalytic activity.
Efficient and Versatile Ru/SBA‐15 Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenation of the C=C and C=O Bonds under Mild Conditions
Authors: Duraczyńska Dorota , Michalik‐Zym Alicja , Napruszewska Bogna D. , Dula Roman , Socha Robert P. , Lityńska‐Dobrzyńska Lidia , Gaweł Adam , Bahranowski Krzysztof , Serwicka Ewa M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRuthenium catalysts (0.2‐2 wt.% Ru) supported on SBA‐15 mesoporous silica were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized with XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, TEM/HRTEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and H2 TPR. The materials were used in liquid phase heterogeneous hydrogenation of acetol, 2‐butanone and methyl 2‐acetamidoacrylate. Catalytic tests were performed in water at ambient temperature and pressure. For all three test reactions the higher catalytic activity was observed for Ru/SBA‐15 catalysts as compared to that of 2 %Ru/SiO2 reference. The superior properties of SBA‐15 supported catalysts in comparison to the reference catalyst are attributed to the uniform size and good dispersion of Ru nanoparticles formed within the SBA‐15 channels, and to the better reducibility of the oxidized surface layer formed at the surface of Ru metal nanocrystals.
Total Synthesis of Antifungal Macrolide Sch 725674
Authors: Reddy Yugendar , Sabitha Gowravaram 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTotal synthesis of the 14‐membered macrolide Sch 725674 has been developed that is based on macrocyclic ring closure either by Yamaguchi or Shiina macrolactonization and the construction of the precursor seco acid by Pd(OH)2 transformation of primary propargyl alcohol/HWE olefination between two fragments is shown.
Optical Properties of Rare‐Earth Doped TiO2 Nanocomposites and Coatings; A Sol‐Gel Strategy towards Multi–functionality
Authors: Smitha V. S. , Saju Pillai , Hareesh U. S. , Swapankumar Ghosh , Warrier K. G. K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel facile sol‐gel method was used to synthesize visible‐light responsive and photoluminescent rare‐earth modified titania nanocomposites and coatings. Titania‐silica‐lanthanum phosphate nanocomposite doped with terbium ions (Tb3+) was prepared by an aqueous sol‐gel process and the films fabricated on glass substrates by dip coating are investigated in the present work. Followed by heat treatment at 400 degree Celsius, Tb doped nanocomposite exhibits green luminescence under visible light excitation (484 nm) and PL spectra show intense peaks at 545 nm (5D4‐7F5), characteristic of Tb3+ ion with a life time of ∼0.34 ms. The band gap energy of the nanocomposite was red shifted with Tb doping indicating its visible light response. 0.5 mol% Tb doped nanocomposite coated glass shows ∼66 % methylene blue dye degradation under visible light exposure for two hours while pure titania coating showed the visible light activity of ∼25 % only. 0.5 mol% Tb doped nanocomposite is thus proposed for the development of visible light active, transparent and luminescent coatings on glass substrates. Moreover, the feasibility of a codoping approach (0.25 mol% Tb and 0.25 mol% Eu doped nanocomposite) for getting multiple emission (red and green) by a single excitation wavelength (484 nm) is also demonstrated. A higher decay time of ∼0.48 ms obtained for codoped system shows the possibility of an aqueous sol‐gel approach useful for applications in the area of multi‐color light emissive displays.
Scalable floor localization using barometer on smartphone
Authors: Ye Haibo , Gu Tao , Tao Xianping , Lu Jian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTraditional fingerprint‐based localization techniques mainly rely on infrastructure support such as GSM and Wi‐Fi. They require war‐driving, which is both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. With recent advances of smartphone sensors, sensor‐assisted localization techniques are emerging. However, they often need user‐specific training and more power intensive sensing, resulting in infeasible solutions for real deployment. In this paper, we present Barometer‐based floor Localization system (B‐Loc), a novel floor localization system to identify the floor level in a multi‐floor building on which a mobile user is located. It makes use of the barometer on smartphone. B‐Loc does not rely on any Wi‐Fi infrastructure and requires neither war‐driving nor prior knowledge of the buildings. Leveraging on crowdsourcing, B‐Loc builds the barometer fingerprint map, which contains the barometric pressure value for each floor level to locate users' floor levels. We conduct both simulation and field studies to demonstrate the accuracy, scalability, and robustness of B‐Loc. Our simulation shows that B‐Loc can locate the user fast and the field study in a 10‐floor building shows that B‐Loc achieves an accuracy of over 98%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.