bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of a single question to assess habitual physical activity of community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Portegijs E. , Sipilä S. , Viljanen A. , Rantakokko M. , Rantanen T. 
Published: October 2016

The aim is to determine concurrent validity of a single self‐report habitual physical activity (PA) question against accelerometer‐basedPAand mobility variables, and corresponding changes in self‐reportedPAand mobility. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal data of the “Life‐space mobility in old age” (LISPE) cohort and its substudy onPAwere utilized. At baseline, 848 community‐dwelling, 75‐ to 90‐year‐old people living independently in central Finland participated in home‐based interviews. One and 2 years later, 816 and 761 of them were reassessed by phone, respectively. Tri‐axial accelerometer data over 7 days were collected following the baseline assessments in a subsample of 174. Self‐reported habitualPAwas assessed based on intensity and duration using a single question with seven response options (range: mostly resting to competitive sports). Mobility variables were as follows: life‐space mobility, walking difficulty over 500 m, and short physical performance battery. Statistically significant correlations were found between self‐reported habitualPAand mobility (Spearman correlation coefficient Rs = 0.40–0.61) and accelerometer‐basedPAvariables [step counts (Rs = 0.49), time in moderate (Rs = 0.49) and low intensity (Rs = 0.40)PA, and time in sedentary behavior (Rs = −0.28)]. A decline in self‐reported habitualPAover time was associated with 5–10p decline in life‐space mobility (PAimprovement with 0–3p increase) and with developing a higher degree of walking difficulty (in 35–44% of participants). In conclusion, based on these results, the self‐report question to assess habitualPAis valid and responsive to change and thus useful for epidemiological research in community‐dwelling older people, also in follow‐up studies.
Differences in Well‐being among People with Disabilities in Paid Employment: Level of Restriction, Gender and Labour Market Context
Authors: Cregan Christina , Kulik Carol T. , Bainbridge Hugh T. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the variability in well‐being of people with disabilities in paid employment in two different labour market contexts: the beginning (1998) and end (2009) of a period of growth in non‐standard hours and work intensification. It focuses on the well‐being constraints that arise from three influences: a person's disability, a person's gender, and the labour market context. Hypotheses are developed using the social model of disability and social identity theory. Hierarchical moderator regression is employed to examine two national samples of nearly 4,000 people with disabilities in paid employment. Individuals who are most limited by their disabilities, particularly women, reported lower well‐being in 2009 than in 1998. Welfare‐to‐work policies affecting these disadvantaged groups are discussed in relation to the labour market and national regulatory environments.
On the characters of the Sylow -subgroups of untwisted Chevalley groups
Authors: Himstedt Frank , Le Tung , Magaard Kay 
Published: October 2016

Let$UY_{n}(q)$be a Sylow$p$-subgroup of an untwisted Chevalley group$Y_{n}(q)$of rank$n$defined over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$where$q$is a power of a prime$p$. We partition the set$\text{Irr}(UY_{n}(q))$of irreducible characters of$UY_{n}(q)$into families indexed by antichains of positive roots of the root system of type$Y_{n}$. We focus our attention on the families of characters of$UY_{n}(q)$which are indexed by antichains of length$1$. Then for each positive root$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$we establish a one-to-one correspondence between the minimal degree members of the family indexed by$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$and the linear characters of a certain subquotient$\overline{T}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$of$UY_{n}(q)$. For$Y_{n}=A_{n}$our single root character construction recovers, among other things, the elementary supercharacters of these groups. Most importantly, though, this paper lays the groundwork for our classification of the elements of$\text{Irr}(UE_{i}(q))$,$6\leqslant i\leqslant 8$, and$\text{Irr}(UF_{4}(q))$.
Non‐uniform phase sensitivity in spatial frequency maps of the human visual cortex
Authors: Farivar Reza , Clavagnier Simon , Hansen Bruce C. , Thompson Ben , Hess Robert F. 
Published: October 2016

Key points
Just as a portrait painting can come from a collection of coarse and fine details, natural vision can be decomposed into coarse and fine components.
Previous studies have shown that the early visual areas in the brain represent these components in a map‐like fashion.
Other studies have shown that these same visual areas can be sensitive to how coarse and fine features line up in space.
We found that the brain actually jointly represents both the scale of the feature (fine, medium, or coarse) and the alignment of these features in space.
The results suggest that the visual cortex has an optimized representation particularly for the alignment of fine details, which are crucial in understanding the visual scene.
AbstractComplex natural scenes can be decomposed into their oriented spatial frequency (SF) and phase relationships, both of which are represented locally at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing. The SF preference map in the human cortex, obtained using synthetic stimuli, is orderly and correlates strongly with eccentricity. In addition, early visual areas show sensitivity to the phase information that describes the relationship between SFs and thereby dictates the structure of the image. Taken together, two possibilities arise for the joint representation of SF and phase: either the entirety of the cortical SF map is uniformly sensitive to phase, or a particular set of SFs is selectively phase sensitive – for example, greater phase sensitivity for higher SFs that define fine‐scale edges in a complex scene. To test between these two possibilities, we constructed a novel continuous natural scene video whereby phase information was maintained in one SF band but scrambled elsewhere. By shifting the central frequency of the phase‐aligned band in time, we mapped the phase‐sensitive SF preference of the visual cortex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that phase sensitivity in early visual areas is biased toward higher SFs. Compared to a SF map of the same scene obtained using linear‐filtered stimuli, a much larger patch of areas V1 and V2 is sensitive to the phase alignment of higher SFs. The results of early areas cannot be explained by attention. Our results suggest non‐uniform sensitivity to phase alignment in population‐level SF representations, with phase alignment being particularly important for fine‐scale edge representations of natural scenes.
A Pragmatic Account of the Use of the Historic Present in De corona
Authors: Nijk Arjan A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this article is to account for the eight Historic Present (HP) forms in Demosthenes’De corona. The starting point is the theory of Sicking & Stork (1997, 165): “The primary function of HP is to lift out from their context those narrative assertions that are essential for what the speaker has stated to be his immediate concern”. It is argued that this approach yields a convincing interpretation of (a) the five HP forms in the narrative of the Amphissian war (141-59), and (b) the three HP forms in 17-52, divided over several small narratives. Finally, it is argued that considerations of presentation and pragmatics help to explain why HP is used only in those parts of the speech where Demosthenes does not so much discuss his own policies as show that Aeschines is to blame for the current situation in Greece.
Intraurban Temperature Variability in Baltimore
Authors: Scott Anna A. , Zaitchik Ben , Waugh Darryn W. , O’Meara Katie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow much does minimum daily air temperature vary within neighborhoods exhibiting high land surface temperature (LST), and does this variability affect agreement with the nearest weather station? To answer these questions, a low-cost sensor network of 135 “iButton” thermometers was deployed for summer 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland (a midsized American city with a temperate climate), focusing on an underserved area that exhibits high LST from satellite imagery. The sensors were evaluated against commercial and NOAA/NWS stations and showed good agreement for daily minimum temperatures. Variability within the study site was small: mean minimum daily temperatures have a spatial standard deviation of 0.9°C, much smaller than the same measure for satellite-derived LST. The sensor-measured temperatures agree well with the NWS weather station in downtown Baltimore, with a mean difference for all measurements in time and space of 0.00°C; this agreement with the station is not found to be correlated with any meteorological variables with the exception of radiation. Surface properties are found to be important in determining spatial variability: vegetated or green spaces are observed to be 0.5°C cooler than areas dominated by impervious surfaces, and the presence of green space is found to be a more significant predictor of temperature than surface properties such as elevation. Other surface properties—albedo, tree-canopy cover, and distance to the nearest park—are not found to correlate significantly with air temperatures.
Extraction of phase and group velocities from ambient surface noise in a patch-array configuration
Authors: Chmiel Malgorzata , Roux Philippe , Bardainne Thomas 
Published: October 2016

We have investigated the use of ambient-noise data to extract phase and group velocities from surface-noise sources in a microseismic monitoring context. The data were continuously recorded on 44 patch arrays with an interpatch distance on the order of 1 km. Typically, a patch-array design consists of a few tens of patches, each containing 48 strings of 12 single-vertical-component geophones densely distributed within the patch area. The specificity of the patch-array design allows seismic analysis at two different scales. Within each patch, highly coherent signals at small distances provide phase information at high frequency (up to 10 Hz), from which surface-wave phase velocities can be extracted. Between the pairs of patches, surface-wave group-velocity maps can be built using correctly identified and localized surface-noise sources. The technique can be generalized to every patch pair using different noise sources identified at the surface. We note that the incoherent but localized noise sources accelerate the convergence of the noise-correlation functions. This opens the route to passive seismic monitoring of the near surface from repetitive inversion of phase- and group-velocity maps.
Possible occurrences of transition zones and residual oil zones below oil-water contacts in mature oil fields, southeast Saskatchewan
Authors: Yang Chengyu , Qing Hairuo 
Published: October 2016

A transition zone (TZ) from oil to water formed by capillary force beneath traditionally defined producing oil-water contact (OWC) has been well-known for years. Recent research and production activities in the Permian Basin and the Williston Basin in United States suggests that a residual oil zone (ROZ) may exist below traditionally defined OWC under certain geologic and hydrodynamic conditions. If this ROZ is sufficiently thick and extensive, it may be economically recoverable using tertiary recovery techniques. We have investigated possible occurrences of TZ/ROZ in the Williston Basin, southeast Saskatchewan, using well-log interpretation based on Archie’s equation. Out of 33 pools examined, we have evaluated three areas, the Bellegarde Tilston pool area, an unnamed Souris Valley pool, and the Rosebank Alida pool area, as possibly having thick (up to 47 m) low-oil-saturation TZ/ROZs below the OWCs. Evidence includes oil stains, core-based oil saturation, fluorescence on drill cuttings, and oil shows and sulfur water reported in drill stem tests. The oil in place within the possible TZ/ROZs is estimated to be approximately half the amount of the oil within their associated main pay zones. Tilted OWC and other findings may suggest that the identified oil-bearing zones are ROZs related to hydrodynamics. The hydrodynamic flows may also have created some other ROZs that still remain undiscovered.
The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids
Authors: Oster Henrik , Challet Etienne , Ott Volker , Arvat Emanuela , de Kloet E. Ronald , Dijk Derk-Jan , Lightman Stafford , Vgontzas Alexandros , Van Cauter Eve 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
Από την κοινοτική στην ιατρική διερμηνεία: η διεθνής εμπειρία και η ελληνική πραγματικότητα.
Authors: Dogoriti Eleftheria 
Published: October 2016

<p>Η κοινοτική και η ιατρική διερμηνεία έχοντας αναπτυχθεί και θεσμοθετηθεί σε κάποιες χώρες που έχουν δεχτεί οικονομικούς μετανάστες αλλά και πρόσφυγες, αποτελούν την πυξίδα για την οργάνωση και την ποιότητα παροχής υπηρεσιών διερμηνείας στις δημόσιες υπηρεσίες. Το παρόν πόνημα διερευνά μέσα από έρευνες που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί σε ευρωπαϊκές χώρες την ταυτότητα της κοινοτικής και της ιατρικής διερμηνείας με στόχο να αναδείξει τον κοινωνικό τους ρόλο, την ακαδημαϊκή και επαγγελματική τους υπόσταση, και προσπαθεί να κάνει μια πρώτη αποτίμηση της παροχής διερμηνείας σε υπηρεσίες υγείας στην Ελλάδα έχοντας ως μέσο σύγκρισης τη διεθνή πρακτική. Θα διαπιστωθεί ότι η έλλειψη καταρτισμένων ιατρικών διερμηνέων ισορροπείται από άτομα του οικείου περιβάλλοντος των αλλοδαπών ασθενών τα οποία λειτουργούν ως διαπολιτισμικοί μεσολαβητές, ενώ οι επαγγελματίες στο χώρο της υγείας αγνοούν βασικές αρχές ιατρικής διερμηνείας και προσπαθούν να ανταποκριθούν στα<br />καθήκοντά τους στηριζόμενοι στην διαπολιτισμική μεσολάβηση των διερμηνέων.</p>
A context-based approach to community interpreting. Perceptions and expectations about professional practice in the Spanish context.
Authors: Ciordia Leticia Santamaría 
Published: October 2016

<p>The paper provides an overview of the evolution of the community interpreter’s profile in the direction of a more inclusive, participatory role were the effectiveness of the message and success of the communication rely on the basis of cooperation, empathy and mediation skills. On the basis of an<br />empirical study carried out in medical and legal settings, this paper reflects on the perceptions and expectations among both service providers and interpreting practitioners about the interpreter’s role, and the competences and the degree of involvement that should be expected as a result. The findings suggest that a gap seems to exist between real-life practices and standards of behaviour on paper, which are so limiting that they oblige the interpreter to ‘step out’ of the normative role. A correlation also seems to exist between the interpreter’s attitudes and the level of professionalization of community interpreting; in this sense, attention will be payed to the impact that current lack of regularisation in countries such Spain has on the interpreter’s performance. Finally, the author<br />singles out clients´ expectations and the nature of the interpreted encounter as key paradigms in determining the interpreter’s involvement, and concludes that it is not an entirely free choice on the part of the interpreter, but also and significantly a reaction to the expectations of the clients about which role is considered appropriate in a given setting.</p>
Comparing the Court and Medical Interpreters in the USA: the certification process.
Authors: Zervaki Thei 
Published: October 2016

<p>The scope of the paper is to provide information on the current Court and Medical Interpreting certification process in the USA. It includes information on the administrative aspects of certification for both Courts and Healthcare institutions. In the United States of America, the term Community Interpreting is not commonly used. There are two major types of interpretation: Court and Medical. The first is offered in US State and Federal courts to all LEP clients; the second is offered to the Healthcare Institutions as hospitals, healthcare<br />centers and clinics to name a few. As the space is limited for this authoring, the paper won’t include data and statistics from different states that showcase and document success and failure rates of the certification examinations. This<br />may well be the topic of a different paper. This paper does not include information on the Court Interpreting for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.</p>
System Model of Long-Term Technical and Economic Development
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: October 2016

The results of the research of dissemination of technical and economic paradigms
in developed economies are given. A system model of long-term technical and
economic development is developed. The model assumes the simultaneous
existence in the economy of several subsystems of different technical and
economic paradigms. Each techno-economic paradigm is a new stage
of development and different from the previous paradigm of higher productivity.
Each subsequent industrial techno-economic paradigm provides higher
productivity due to higher capital intensity and energy intensity of production.
In the post-industrial techno-economic paradigms the higher performance
is provided at a lower capital intensity and energy intensity of production due
to a higher volume of information used. Beginning, transition to domination, the
beginning of the withering away of each paradigm is accompanied by the
formation of an upward half-wave of Kondratieff cycle. Econometric models
of Kondratieff cycles and econometric models of real GDP per capita is obtained,
provided technical and economic paradigms in developed countries. The fourth
techno-economic paradigm provides the real per capita GDP value from 1929
to 3258 dollars Gehry-Hemis 1990. The fifth techno-economic paradigm provides
a real GDP per capita value of 11,606 to 12,883 dollars Gehry-Hemis 1990. The
sixth techno-economic paradigm provides a real GDP per capita value of 22 360
to 28 385 dollars Gehry-Hemis 1990.
Innovations in the Economy and Dynamics of Spatial Development
Authors: Гагарина  , Gagarina Galina , Архипова  , Arkhipova Lidiya 
Published: October 2016

The article considers the tendencies of development of economic territory of the
Russian Federation, the role of regional policy in improving of its effectiveness.
The focus is on the modern differentiation of space, the continuing trend of growth
of large cities in the main socio-economic indicators of subjects, insufficient
number of cities and regions where there is economic growth. The main trends
and the role of regional policy in improving the economic space and achieve its
strategic objectives are analyzed. One of the most important tasks of regional
policy is to reduce the polarization in terms of socio-economic development
between urban and rural areas and, as a consequence, reduce the role of rural
and peripheral regions.
The article emphasizes the role of the adopted strategy of sustainable development
of rural territories of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 in the
spatial development and infrastructure maintenance in accordance with the spatial
planning and deployment of the productive forces.
Among the variety of instruments improving the economic area the most
important is an essential change of inter-budgetary relations between the regions
and the federal center. The continued redistribution of income in favor of the
Centre does not create even a prerequisite to stimulate the development of any
initiative by the regions or by municipalities.
As a result, it is noticed, that regional policy as a tool of transformation of Russian
economic space at the moment, has not used its resources to reduce the
polarization of the territory, reducing the disparities between cities on the one
hand, and urban and rural graying, on the other.
Lifestyle in children and adolescents with obesity: results of the survey of patients and their parents
Authors: Vitebskaya Alisa V. , Pisareva Elena A. , Popovich Anastasia V. 
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Growth of obesity prevalence in children and adolescents is a serious problem of modern medicine. To learn characteristics of patient’s behaviour, their dietary preference, feeding time and physical loads one can use specialized questionnaires.Aim. Evaluation of lifestyle, physical activity, dietary regimen and consumption of some meals according to results of questioning childrenand adolescents with obesity and their parents.Materials and methods. Hundreds of children and adolescents with obesity 10–17 years and their parents answered the questionnaire onage of obesity onset, its causes, physical activity and nutrition.Results and conclusion. Obesity develops more often at the age of 7–10 years. The most commonly insufficient physical activity and heredity. Specific characteristics of sedentary lifestyle and impared dietary regimen were identified. Comparison of patients’ and parents’ answers allowed to demonsrate the differense in attitude to the problem of obesity and to diminish the influence of not transparant answers on the results of investigation.
„Leading practice publication“ ako teoretický návod, heuristický projekt, aj praktické majstrovstvo
Authors: Klimková Andrea 
Published: October 2016

Review of the publication: Kapitulčinová D. - Dlouhá, J. - Ryan, A. et al. (eds.) (2015). Leading practice publication. Professional development of university educators on Educationfor Sustainable Development in European countries. ISBN: 978-80-87076-22-4. Available online at http://www.ue4sd.eu/images/2015/UE4SD-Leading-Practice-PublicationBG.pdf
Side effects of retinoid therapy on the quality of vision
Authors: Bergler-Czop Beata , Bilewicz-Stebel Monika , Stańkowska Anna , Bilewicz-Wyrozumska Teresa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRetinoids are compounds chemically related to vitamin A, which are frequently used in dermatological practice (1). They are characterized by numerous mechanisms of action leading to normalization of keratinocyte proliferation and maturation. They have anti-seborrhoeic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects (1, 2). A number of side effects to retinoid treatment have been recorded; one group of such side effects relates to eyes and vision. Dry eye syndrome and blepharoconjunctivitis are the most common side effects, appearing in 20-50 % of patients treated with retinoids. They often contribute to the occurrence of other side-effects such as eye discomfort and contact lens intolerance. Due to the widespread use in clinical practice, the adverse effects, including ocular side effects, should be studied. To confirm the variety of adverse effects of retinoids, several case reports of rare side-effects are presented.