bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shi‘ism Unveiled: Italian Converts and Trends of Inculturation
Authors: Mirshahvalad Minoo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article delves into the impact of anti-modern convictions on the doctrinal evolutions of Shi‘ism among Italian converts, employing a synergy between history and sociology. To illustrate this impact, the digital and paper publications of select converts have been analysed. Editorial initiatives serve as primary channels through which converts express their intellectual inclinations and impart a new cultural dimension to Shi‘ism. This new cultural dimension is shaped by the motivations that have driven converts toward religious mobility. In this framework, Shi‘a tenets and its relations with other religions have been redefined based on converts’ socio-psychological needs. As a result, Italian Shi‘ism, with its anti-modern substructure, has acquired certain traits that align it with the pre-political manifestations of the religion. Notably, converts exhibit a preference for metaphysical perspectives over juridical and sociological developments within Shi‘ism, delineating a distinct trajectory in their engagement with the faith.
A U-Net Retrieval of Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Wind Fields from Microwave and Infrared Satellite Imagery
Authors: Wimmers Anthony J. , Griffin Sarah , Velden Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Deep learning frequently leverages satellite imagery to estimate key benchmarked properties of tropical cyclones (TCs) such as intensity. This study goes a step further to investigate the potential for using this two-dimensional information to produce a two-dimensional wind field product for the TC inner core. Here, we train a product on flight-level in situ wind from center-crossing aircraft transects and focus on the ability to reproduce a full two-dimensional field of flight-level wind. The wind model, named “TC2D,” is a unique multibranched U-Net design with a loss function that efficiently compensates for the relative sparsity of labeled data. This model accurately captures many challenging radial wind profiles, including large eyewalls, profiles with secondary wind maxima, and TCs in transition between various states. It performs well in a variety of environments including strong vertical wind shear. The RMS error of the estimated radius of maximum winds is 15.5 km for category 2–5 TCs, and half of the tested cases have error less than 1.3 km. The RMS error of wind speed is 5–6 m s−1 for tropical depression to category 1 TCs and 5–10 m s−1 for category 2–5 TCs, depending on radius. The model generally lacks the ability to reproduce the storm-relative azimuthal variability of flight-level wind, but it successfully captures Earth-relative variability due to the more straightforward corrections for TC translation. TC2D offers to be a good nowcasting aid to provide low-latency, TC inner-core wind distribution estimates several times per day.
Hemisphere-Dependent Impacts of ENSO and Atmospheric Eddies on Hadley Circulation
Authors: Hasan Mahdi , Larson Sarah M. , McMonigal Kay , Robinson Walter A. , Aiyyer Anantha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The variability of the Hadley circulation strength (HCS), crucial to tropical climate variability, is attributed to both oceanic and atmospheric forcings. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and variations in the extratropical upper-tropospheric eddies are the known drivers of the interannual HCS variability. However, the relative contributions of these oceanic and atmospheric forcings to the hemispheric HCS variability are not well understood. In particular, how much anomalous wind stress–driven ocean dynamics, including ENSO, impact HCS variability remains an open question. To address these gaps, we investigate the drivers of the interannual HCS variability using global coupled model experiments that include or exclude anomalous wind stress–driven ocean circulation variability. We find that the anomalous wind stress–driven ocean circulation variability significantly amplifies HCS variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). ENSO is the leading modulator of the SH HCS variability, which offers the potential to improve the predictability of Hadley circulation (HC)–related hydrological consequences. On the other hand, the Northern Hemisphere (NH) HCS variability is predominantly influenced by the eddy-driven internal atmospheric variability with little role in ocean dynamics. We hypothesize that the large eddy variability in the NH and concentrated ENSO-associated heating and precipitation in the SH lead to the hemisphere-dependent differences in the interannual HCS variability.
Complications of Oral Corticosteroid Use in Otolaryngology
Authors: Mitchell Margaret B. , Workman Alan D. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are frequently prescribed by otolaryngologists. However, there are limited quantitative data on OCS-related adverse events (AEs) in otolaryngology. We sought to quantify OCS-related AEs in otolaryngology. Methods: All outpatient otolaryngology encounters in our healthcare system (2018-2023) at which an OCS was prescribed were identified via the electronic medical record. The diagnoses indicating OCS were categorized as sinonasal, otologic, pharyngo-laryngeal, and other. The medical record was subsequently examined to assess for OCS AEs during the 21-day period following the prescription. OCS AEs were grouped into (1) gastrointestinal, (2) metabolic, (3) bone/muscle, (4) ophthalmologic, and/or (5) psychiatric complications. The frequency and types of OCS related AEs were determined. Results: A total of 20 746 otolaryngology encounters with OCS prescribed were examined. Seventy OCS courses had 1 or more AEs, implying a number needed to harm of 296.4 (240.2-386.8). There were 83 total OCS-related AEs, yielding an AE incidence rate of 4.0:1000 (95% CI, 3.0-5.0:1000) OCS prescriptions. The mean age of subjects with AEs (61.5 years) was significantly higher than those without (50.3 years; P < .001). Forty-seven (56.6%) of the complications were metabolic, with hyperglycemia and hypokalemia the most common, followed by gastrointestinal (26.5%), ophthalmologic (3.6%), psychiatric (2.4%), and musculoskeletal (2.4%). Conclusion: AEs related to OCS prescribed by otolaryngologists occur at a rate of once per 296 courses of treatment and older populations may be at increased risk for AEs. Otolaryngologists should balance AE rates against anticipated benefits of steroid therapy. Level of evidence: 3.
Characterizing the description of pelvic congestion syndrome pain: A latent class analysis
Authors: Patel Sarah E , Chesnut Steven R 
Published: September 2024

Objectives Chronic pelvic pain from pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a complex condition disproportionately affecting women. PCS pain has been described as dull and achy, but emerging research indicates variances in the historical pain depictions. We aimed to identify the groups of pain characteristics experienced by women living with PCS using a latent class analysis and examine their predictive validity on quality of life, pain intensity, and pain management indicators. Methods A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from 160 participants on a Facebook PCS support group was conducted. After evaluating the original 86 unique pain descriptors endorsed on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, descriptors endorsed by more than 30 participants were retained for analysis ( n = 34). Results Results from the latent class analysis identified two latent classes: mild but consistent (44.4%) and intense and debilitating (55.6%). Between the two latent classes, there were clear patterns of pain endorsement to indicate that women in the two groups experience PCS pain differently. Compared to the second latent class (intense and debilitating), women in the first latent class (mild but consistent) experienced milder PCS associated pain and reported a significantly higher quality of life, satisfaction with their health, and less interference with sleep quality and sexual desire. Unfortunately, everyday activities (i.e., exercising, urinating, moving, standing, and working) were more likely to increase pain for women in the second latent class. Conclusions Diagnosis and treatment of pelvic venous disorders are hindered by outdated evidence on the expected pain depictions. A comprehensive pain profile of PCS is needed to establish the effect on women’s lifestyles, quality of life, and mental health.
Optimizing the individual dosing of paroxetine in major depressive disorder with therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Zhong Lingjun , Hu Linlin , Li Yinghui , Wang Tianyu , Chen Suzhen , Gao Yuanyue , Yuan Yonggui , Shao Hua 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Previous studies have examined the correlation between paroxetine concentrations and therapeutic efficacy in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been contradictory. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among plasma concentrations, severity of symptoms, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to optimize individual dosing. Methods: Eighty-seven MDD patients, after completing treatment with paroxetine, were divided into low-concentration (LC, n = 38), medium-concentration (MC, n = 27), and high-concentration (HC, n = 22) groups, based on cutoff value concentrations with the 50% response rate and the laboratory alert level from the 2017 consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in neuropsychopharmacology. The severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated using a 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), respectively. Dosage, plasma concentrations, scale scores, and ADRs were recorded across the three groups at different treatment stages to define the therapeutic reference range. Results: The 4-week plasma concentration of paroxetine (65.00 ng/mL) could predict the clinical response in MDD patients at 8 weeks. Symptom relief in patients with 4-week paroxetine concentrations ranging from 65.00 to 120.00 ng/mL at 8 weeks was greater than in those with concentrations below 65.00 ng/mL, with no significant difference observed above this range. In addition, more cases of liver injury and weight gain were observed in patients with high paroxetine concentrations. Conclusion: Our results support that early paroxetine concentration may predict clinical efficacy and the incidence of ADRs, thus improving individual dosing regimens for MDD patients.
Serotonin release by parachloroamphetamine in rats with high and low sociability: High prefrontal release capacity in sociable females
Authors: Norden Marianna , Kanarik Margus , Laugus Karita , O’Leary Aet , Liiver Kristi , Tõnissaar Margus , Shimmo Ruth , Harro Jaanus 
Published: September 2024

Background: Social behaviour is the expression of one of the most generally accepted independent dimensions of personality. Serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in typical social response and drugs that promote serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) release have prosocial effects. By using the social interaction test, we have previously demonstrated sociability as a temperamental trait in male Wistar rats. Aims: To assess sociability in male rats of the Sprague–Dawley strain and in female rats of both Wistar and Sprague–Dawley strain, and extracellular levels of 5-HT in rats with high and low sociability (high sociability (HS)- and low sociability (LS)-rats). Methods: Social interaction test conducted with different weight-matched partners was used to assess sociability, and in vivo, microdialysis was performed before and after administration of a low dose (2 mg/kg) of parachloroamphetamine (PCA) in the prefrontal cortex, dorsamedial striatum and ventral tegmental area. Results: Similarly to male Wistar rats, female Wistars and Sprague–Dawley rats of both sexes displayed trait-wise sociability. Male Wistar HS-rats had lower extracellular levels of 5-HT in prefrontal cortex at baseline and after administration of PCA, and higher PCA-induced increase of extracellular 5-HT in ventral tegmental area. In dorsomedial striatum, PCA elicited a comparable increase in extracellular dopamine in HS- and LS-rats, but higher release of 5-HT in HS-rats. Comparison of PCA-induced 5-HT release in prefrontal cortex of male and female Sprague–Dawley rats revealed a larger 5-HT response in female HS-rats. Conclusions: 5-HT release potential is higher in rats with high expression of sociability trait, whereas some regionally variable differences may be related to relative contributions of social motivation and anxiety in shaping social behaviour.
Knee Pain, Joint Loading, and Structural Abnormalities on MRI in 13-Year-Old Children in a Population-Based Birth Cohort
Authors: van Leeuwen Guido J. , Kemmeren Laura A.M. , Piscaer Tom M. , Oei Edwin H.G. , Bindels Patrick J.E. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: September 2024

Background: Knee pain is a common problem in children and adolescents, and it often has a chronic character. Purpose: To examine the prevalence of knee pain in 13-year-old children and assess associations of knee pain with physical factors and the presence of structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort, were used. Prevalence and characteristics of knee pain were assessed, using a pain mannequin, in children 13 years of age (N = 1849). Patient characteristics and data on physical activity were extracted from questionnaires. The body mass index standard deviation score and waist-hip ratio were calculated from objectively measured weight and height. Structural abnormalities were assessed by MRI. The differences between children with and without knee pain were also analyzed. Results: A prevalence of 8.0% was found for knee pain in children, of which 92.3% persisted for >3 months (ie, chronic); 37.5% of the children experienced pain daily, and the pain was almost always located on the anterior side of the knee (98.6%). Higher body mass index standard deviation scores were seen in children with knee pain than in the children without knee pain. No differences in physical activity were seen between children with and without knee pain. Moreover, in children with knee pain compared with children without knee pain, characteristics of Osgood-Schlatter disease (6.8% vs 1.9%) and bipartite patella type 3 (4.7% vs 0.3%) were more often seen on MRI. Conclusion: This study shows that knee pain is a relatively frequent problem in children. It is almost always located on the anterior aspect, has a chronic character, and is often experienced daily. However, the possible implication of structural abnormalities on MRI in children with knee pain and the possible relationship with the development of future knee complaints are still unclear.
Women's experience of the information provided along with invitation to participate in BreastScreen Norway
Authors: Moshina Nataliia , Bergan Marie Burns , Holen Åsne Sørlien , Mangerud Gunhild , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: September 2024

Objectives To explore how women aged 50–69 invited to BreastScreen Norway perceived the information provided along with the invitation letter, as well as time spent on reading this information. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was sent, as a paper-based form along with a physical invitation letter, or as a link to a digital form in a digital invitation letter, to 84,543 women invited to BreastScreen Norway in 2022. The paper-based forms were handed in upon screening attendance. The women were invited to screening by physical or digital invitation including an information leaflet describing benefits and harms, or a link to similar information on a webpage. The questionnaire assessed women's perception of the information and time spent on reading it. Responses were presented by screening invitation type (physical/digital). Results A total of 9.9% (8355/84,543) of the women responded to the questionnaire. Among women invited by a physical letter, information about the screening examination and about benefits and harms was considered sufficient by 90% (4338/4797) and 89% (4246/4790), respectively, and 92% (4246/4790) reported the information to be sufficient to make an informed decision on participation. Among those invited digitally, the percentages were 83% (2788/3379), 78% (2618/3369), and 88% (2962/3370), respectively. About 59% (4807/8169) spent <5 min reading the information. Conclusions Most of the respondents perceived the information received upon invitation to BreastScreen Norway sufficient to make an informed decision on participation and used <5 min to read the information. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the low response rate.
Factors associated with length of stay in medium secure units: A realist review
Authors: Zagham Wajeeha , Kisely Steve , Stedman Terry , Brown Karen , Dark Frances 
Published: September 2024

Medium secure mental health units (MSUs) provide a specialised secure environment to assist people recovering from mental illness where less restrictive care has been unsuccessful or been unable to provide safety for the person or the community. Internationally, it has been found that these units can be associated with prolonged admissions, posing ethical and resource issues. Objectives This ‘Realist Review’ aimed to investigate the factors associated with length of stay and outcomes of medium secure care to help inform the development of a local secure care pathway. Method The searches generated a total of 1570 entries across multiple search engines. Following removal of duplicates, application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and selection of articles, a total of 18 were reviewed in detail, including a further five articles obtained from references and the explored grey literature. Results Several issues influenced not only admission to medium secure units, but also the outcomes. Many articles were retrospective studies relying on administrative data. The realist synthesis provides contextual data to inform program development. Conclusions The existing literature, though variable in quality, was limited by the varied jurisdictions and contexts. However it may be useful to inform care pathways for the optimal use of medium secure beds.
Outcome of traumatic elbow luxation managed with temporary transarticular external skeletal fixation in eight cats
Authors: Jifcovici Alexandra , Hamon Martin , Bouvy Bernard , Bruwier Aurélie , Picavet Pierre P 
Published: September 2024

Objectives The aim of this study was to report the clinical outcomes in a series of traumatic elbow luxations in cats treated with closed reduction and a temporary transarticular type II external skeletal fixator (ESF). Methods A retrospective review was conducted of traumatic elbow luxation cases in cats at two referral centres. Data collected included signalment, history, clinical assessment, radiographic findings, surgical procedures and complications. Short-term follow-up was based on clinical evaluations at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Long-term follow-up was based either on a telephone interview with the owner or a clinical evaluation. Results Eight cats were included. Five cats experienced lateral elbow luxation, while three cats had medial elbow luxation. All cats with medial elbow luxation exhibited radiographic signs of medial humeral epicondylitis. The median age was 9 years (range 3–15). The elbow luxation was treated by closed reduction and percutaneous placement of a temporary transarticular type II ESF, which was removed 2 weeks postoperatively. Two minor complications were recorded. Elbow reluxation and major complications were not encountered. The 6-week postoperative evaluation and long-term follow-up revealed a lameness of grade 1 in 1/8 cats and 0 in the remainder. Elbow range of motion was normal in all cats. Conclusions and relevance None of the cases treated with this protocol experienced recurrence of elbow luxation. All cats demonstrated an excellent outcome based on the lameness score, the low complication rate and the follow-up telephone interview. The technique is minimally invasive and carries a low incidence of complications. Concurrent orthopaedic disease, such as medial humeral epicondylitis, may predispose to medial elbow luxation.
Trash Feet and Mesenteric Ischemia as a Rare Manifestation of a Complicated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Bignamini Elisa , Catasta Alexandra , Giovannacci Luca , Robaldo Alessandro , Prouse Giorgio 
Published: September 2024

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms and atheromatous plaques are well-established potential culprits in the development of cholesterol embolization. This embolic phenomenon can result in the occlusion of peripheral arteries in the forefoot or toes, commonly referred to as “trash foot”. Case A 61-year old patient exhibited severe symptoms and signs of lower limb and mesenteric ischemia, represented clinically by abdominal pain, hematochezia, and bilateral plantar necrotic lesions, attributed to embolization from a previously unknown large infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Diagnosis was confirmed by performing angio-CT of the abdomen, an angiologic examination, as well as colonoscopy. The patient underwent open surgical repair of the aortic aneurysm and received intravenous prostanoids, resulting in a successful outcome with resolution of bowel ischemia and complete recovery of bilateral foot lesions with no tissue loss. Conclusion Cholesterol embolization syndrome seldom manifests with its complete clinical spectrum. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause is crucial, with a focus on potential abdominal aortic aneurysms. A combined approach involving surgical repair and prostanoid therapy may offer a viable option for patients experiencing severe manifestations.
Efficacy and safety of patent foramen ovale closure for mitigating migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and observational studies
Authors: Silalahi Todung Donald Aposan , Hariyanto Timotius Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Background: Although often asymptomatic, patent foramen ovale (PFO) may cause disabling migraine symptoms. Evidence regarding PFO closure for prevention of migraine is still ambiguous and conflicting. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of PFO closure for mitigating migraine symptoms. Design: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Data sources and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on the Scopus, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases up until March 12, 2024. This review incorporates literature that examines the comparison between PFO closure and control with outcome data related to migraine. We employed random-effect models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) for presentation of the outcomes. Results: A total of five RCTs and six observational studies were incorporated. The results of our meta-analysis showed higher reduction of monthly migraine attacks from baseline (SMD −0.34; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.18, p < 0.0001, I2 = 19%) and monthly migraine days from baseline (SMD −0.30; 95% CI: −0.53, −0.08, p = 0.009, I2 = 0%) among PFO closure than control. However, the complete resolution of migraine (especially based on the evidence from RCTs; p = 0.24), HIT-6 score ( p = 0.08), and MIDAS score ( p = 0.15) did not differ significantly between two groups of intervention. The majority of adverse events reported were atrial fibrillation and access site infection/bleeding that only occurred in small proportions of patients (⩽5%). Conclusion: This study suggests better efficacy of PFO closure in reducing monthly migraine attacks and days with similar safety profile when compared to control. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023453635).