bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Stellar Polarimetry of the Filamentary Cloud IC5146. I. Dust Properties
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Lai Shih-Ping , Eswaraiah Chakali , Clemens Dan P. , Chen Wen-Ping , Pandey Anil K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present optical and near-infrared stellar polarization observations toward the dark filamentary clouds associated with IC5146. The data allow us to investigate the dust properties (this paper) and the magnetic field structure (Paper II). A total of 2022 background stars were detected in the R

c
,

, H, and/or K bands to

mag. The ratio of the polarization percentage at different wavelengths provides an estimate of

, the wavelength of the peak polarization, which is an indicator of the small-size cutoff of the grain size distribution. The grain size distribution seems to significantly change at

mag, where both the average and dispersion of

decrease. In addition, we found

μm for

mag, which is larger than the ∼0.55 μm in the general interstellar medium (ISM), suggesting that grain growth has already started in low-A

V
regions. Our data also reveal that polarization efficiency (

) decreases with A

V
as a power law in the R

c
,

, and K bands with indices of −0.71 ± 0.10, −1.23 ± 0.10, and −0.53 ± 0.09. However, H-band data show a power index change; the PE varies with A

V
steeply (index of −0.95 ± 0.30) when

mag, but softly (index of −0.25 ± 0.06) for greater A

V
values. The soft decay of PE in high-A

V
regions is consistent with the radiative alignment torque model, suggesting that our data trace the magnetic field to

mag. Furthermore, the breakpoint found in the H band is similar to that for A

V
, where we found the

dispersion significantly decreased. Therefore, the flat PE–A

V
in high-A

V
regions implies that the power-index changes result from additional grain growth.
Constraints on the Evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function. II. The Quenching Timescale of Galaxies and Its Implication for Their Star Formation Rates
Authors: Contini E. , Kang X. , Romeo A. D. , Xia Q. , Yi S. K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We study the connection between the observed star formation rate–stellar mass (SFR–M
*) relation and the evolution of the stellar mass function (SMF) by means of a subhalo abundance matching technique coupled to merger trees extracted from an N-body simulation. Our approach consists of forcing the model to match the observed SMF at redshift

, and letting it evolve down to

according to a τ model, an exponentially declining functional form that describes the star formation rate decay of both satellite and central galaxies. In this study, we use three different sets of SMFs: ZFOURGE data from Tomczak et al., UltraVISTA data from Ilbert et al., and COSMOS data from Davidzon et al. We also build a mock survey combining UltraVISTA with ZFOURGE. Our modeling of quenching timescales is consistent with the evolution of the SMF down to

, with different accuracy depending on the particular survey used for calibration. We tested our model against the observed SMFs at low redshift, and it predicts residuals (observation versus model) within

observed scatter along most of the stellar mass range investigated, and with mean residuals below 0.1 dex in the range

. We then compare the SFR–M
* relation predicted by the model with the observed one at different redshifts. The predicted SFR–M
* relation underpredicts the median SFR at fixed stellar mass relative to observations at all redshifts. Nevertheless, the shapes are consistent with the observed relations up to intermediate-mass galaxies, followed by a rapid decline for massive galaxies.
Wikipedia in higher education: Changes in perceived value through content contribution
Authors: Soler-Adillon Joan , Pavlovic Dragana , Freixa Pere 
Published: November 2017

Wikipedia is a widely used resource by university students, but it is not necessarily regarded as being reliable and trustworthy by them, nor is it seen as a context in which to make content contributions. This paper presents a teaching and research project that consisted in having students edit or create Wikipedia articles and testing whether or not this experience changed their perceived value of the platform. We conducted our experience at Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona, Spain) and University of Niš (Niš, Serbia) with a total number of 240 students. These students edited articles and answered two questionnaires, one before and one after the exercise. We compared the pre and post experience answers to the questionnaires with a series of paired samples ttests, through which our data showed that students did significantly change their perception of reliability and usefulness, and of likeliness of finding false information on Wikipedia. Their appreciation of the task of writing Wikipedia articles, in terms of it being interesting and challenge also increased. They did not significantly change, however, their judgement on the social value of the platform, neither in the university nor in the general context. In addition, the open questions and informal feedback allowed us to gather valuable insights towards the evaluation of the overall experience
Wikipedia es un recurso muy utilizado por estudiantes universitarios, pero no está necesariamente bien valorado en términos de fiabilidad, ni tampoco es visto como un entorno en el que hacer aportaciones de contenido. Este artículo presenta un proyecto de docencia e investigación que consiste en proponer que los estudiantes editen o creen artículos para la Wikipedia, y en comprobar si la experiencia modifica su valoración de la misma. Se realizó la experiencia en la Universidad Pompeu Fabra (España) y la Universidad de Niš (Serbia) con un total de 240 alumnos. Editaron artículos y respondieron dos cuestionarios, uno antes y otro después de la experiencia. Se compararon las respuestas mediante una serie de pruebas T para muestras emparejadas, a partir de las cuales pudimos comprobar que los datos mostraban un cambio significativo en su percepción sobre la fiabilidad y la utilidad de la Wikipedia y sobre la probabilidad de encontrar información falsa en ella. También cambió su apreciación de la tarea de editar artículos, que se valoró como interesante y representó un reto. En cambio, su valoración del prestigio social de la Wikipedia, tanto en el contexto universitario como el general, no varió significativamente. Adicionalmente, las preguntas abiertas y el feedback informal permitieron recoger informaciones muy valiosas respecto a la valoración del conjunto de la experiencia
Teen videos on YouTube: Features and digital vulnerabilities
Authors: Montes-Vozmediano Manuel , García-Jiménez Antonio , Menor-Sendra Juan 
Published: November 2017

As a mechanism for social participation and integration and for the purpose of building their identity, teens make and share videos on platforms such as YouTube of which they are also content consumers. The vulnerability conditions that occur and the risks to which adolescents are exposed, both as creators and consumers of videos, are the focus of this study. The methodology used is content analysis, applied to 400 videos. This research has worked with manifest variables (such as the scene) and latent variables (such as genre or structure). The results show that there are notable differences in style among the videos according to the producer of the message, and indicate that the most consumed videos are located around four thematic axes (sex, bullying, pregnancy and drugs) and that the referents as audiovisual content creators are the YouTubers. Everything points to problems in using the same language, including audiovisual language, as adolescents. This paper provides evidences of the convenience of using their codes so that this sector of the population see risks and conditions of vulnerability that they seem not to perceive according to their audiovisual creations in which they do not protect their identity, among other features.
Como un mecanismo de participación e integración social y con el propósito de construir su identidad, los adolescentes realizan y comparten vídeos en plataformas como YouTube, de la que también son consumidores de contenido. Las condiciones de vulnerabilidad que tienen lugar y los riesgos a los que se exponen los adolescentes, tanto como creadores como consumidores de vídeos, son el objeto central de este estudio. La metodología utilizada es el análisis de contenido, aplicado a 400 vídeos. Se ha trabajado con variables manifiestas (como el escenario) y latentes (como el género o la estructura). Los resultados muestran unas notables diferencias de estilo entre los vídeos a tenor del productor del mensaje e indican que los vídeos más consumidos se sitúan alrededor de cuatro ejes temáticos (sexo, acoso, embarazo y drogas) y que los referentes como creadores de contenido audiovisual son los «youtubers». Todo apunta a la existencia de problemas a la hora de utilizar el lenguaje, también audiovisual, de los adolescentes. Este trabajo proporciona evidencias de la conveniencia de emplear sus códigos para que este sector de la población se percate de los riesgos y de las condiciones de vulnerabilidad que parecen no percibir según sus creaciones audiovisuales, en las que, entre otras características, no protegen su identidad.
Strategies for the communication and collaborative online work by university students
Authors: Gutiérrez-Porlán Isabel , Román-García Marimar , Sánchez-Vera Maria-del-Mar 
Published: November 2017

The impact that Information and Communications Technologies have in the way today’s young people communicate and interact is unquestionable. This impact also affects the educational field, which is required to respond to the needs of twenty first century students by training them in acquiring new skills and strategies to deal with a changing and uncertain future. In this study, which involved 2,054 university students from all Spanish Universities, it delved into the knowledge of networking strategies and tools used by these students for the effective development of communication processes and the implementation of strategies for collaboration and communication. It has been developed a nonexperimental quantitative methodology and the technique used for collecting information was a questionnaire. The results show that all of them use the Internet to communicate and they have a great use of basic tools to collaborate and interact, but they prefer social networks for being in contact with their peers and establishing relationships. It has been found that students do not have the idea of the Internet as a place to learn. This fact implies new challenges to be solved by Universities, to optimize the possibilities of the networks and institutional platforms as an environment to learn collaboratively.
El impacto que las tecnologías de la comunicación tienen en la forma en la que los más jóvenes de hoy en día se comunican y relacionan es incuestionable. Dicho impacto afecta también al campo educativo, al que se le exige que dé respuesta a las necesidades de los estudiantes del siglo XXI, formándoles en la adquisición de habilidades y estrategias para afrontar un futuro cambiante y lleno de incertidumbre. En este estudio, en el que han participado 2.054 estudiantes universitarios de todas las universidades españolas, se profundiza en el conocimiento de las estrategias y herramientas en red empleadas por estos estudiantes para el desarrollo efectivo de los procesos comunicativos y colaborativos. Se ha realizado un diseño de investigación no experimental, de tipo exploratorio basado en el uso del cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de información. Los resultados muestran un mayor uso por parte del alumnado de herramientas básicas de Internet para el trabajo colaborativo mientras que para estar en contacto con sus compañeros y establecer relaciones prefieren las redes sociales. Se ha encontrado que no existe por parte de los estudiantes una concepción de la Red como espacio de aprendizaje, por lo que se plantean nuevos retos a resolver por parte de la institución universitaria de cara a que sus estudiantes optimicen las posibilidades de la Red como lugar en el que aprender colaborativamente.
IgG1 Is Required for Optimal Protection after Immunization with the Purified Porin OmpD from Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Zhang Yang , Dominguez-Medina Coral , Cumley Nicola J. , Heath Jennifer N. , Essex Sarah J. , Bobat Saeeda , Schager Anna , Goodall Margaret , Kracker Sven , Buckley Christopher D. , May Robin C. , Kingsley Robert A. , MacLennan Calman A. , López-Macías Constantino , Cunningham Adam F. , Toellner Kai-Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In mice, the IgG subclass induced after Ag encounter can reflect the nature of the Ag. Th2 Ags such as alum-precipitated proteins and helminths induce IgG1, whereas Th1 Ags, such as Salmonella Typhimurium, predominantly induce IgG2a. The contribution of different IgG isotypes to protection against bacteria such as S. Typhimurium is unclear, although as IgG2a is induced by natural infection, it is assumed this isotype is important. Previously, we have shown that purified S. Typhimurium porins including outer membrane protein OmpD, which induce both IgG1 and IgG2a in mice, provide protection to S. Typhimurium infection via Ab. In this study we report the unexpected finding that mice lacking IgG1, but not IgG2a, are substantially less protected after porin immunization than wild-type controls. IgG1-deficient mice produce more porin-specific IgG2a, resulting in total IgG levels that are similar to wild-type mice. The decreased protection in IgG1-deficient mice correlates with less efficient bacterial opsonization and uptake by macrophages, and this reflects the low binding of outer membrane protein OmpD–specific IgG2a to the bacterial surface. Thus, the Th2-associated isotype IgG1 can play a role in protection against Th1-associated organisms such as S. Typhimurium. Therefore, individual IgG subclasses to a single Ag can provide different levels of protection and the IgG isotype induced may need to be a consideration when designing vaccines and immunization strategies.
Regnase-1 and Roquin Nonredundantly Regulate Th1 Differentiation Causing Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Cui Xiaotong , Mino Takashi , Yoshinaga Masanori , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Hia Fabian , Yamasoba Daichi , Tsujimura Tohru , Tomonaga Keizo , Suzuki Yutaka , Uehata Takuya , Takeuchi Osamu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRegnase-1 and Roquin are RNA binding proteins that are essential for degradation of inflammatory mRNAs and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although deficiency of either of the proteins leads to enhanced T cell activation, their functional relationship in T cells has yet to be clarified because of lethality upon mutation of both Regnase-1 and Roquin. By using a Regnase-1 conditional allele, we show that mutations of both Regnase-1 and Roquin in T cells leads to massive lymphocyte activation. In contrast, mutation of either Regnase-1 or Roquin affected T cell activation to a lesser extent than the double mutation, indicating that Regnase-1 and Roquin function nonredundantly in T cells. Interestingly, Regnase-1 and Roquin double-mutant mice suffered from severe inflammation and early formation of fibrosis, especially in the heart, along with the increased expression of Ifng, but not Il4 or Il17a. Consistently, mutation of both Regnase-1 and Roquin leads to a huge increase in the Th1, but not the Th2 or Th17, population in spleens compared with T cells with a single Regnase-1 or Roquin deficiency. Regnase-1 and Roquin are capable of repressing the expression of a group of mRNAs encoding factors involved in Th1 differentiation, such as Furin and Il12rb1, via their 3′ untranslated regions. Moreover, Regnase-1 is capable of repressing Roquin mRNA. This cross-regulation may contribute to the synergistic control of T cell activation/polarization. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Regnase-1 and Roquin maintain T cell immune homeostasis and regulate Th1 polarization synergistically.
Una Experiencia Internacional con eRúbricas: una aproximación a la evaluación formativa en dos cursos en la carrera de Educación Infantil.
Authors: Bergman Maria Elena 
Published: November 2017

<p>El proyecto que presentamos consistió en una experimentación y evaluación de la herramienta eRubrica[1,2] dentro del programa de formación de docentes de Educación Infantil. eRubrica es una herramienta pero tambien un método para formación didáctica y evaluación formativa. Como principios posee la creación de ambientes de aprendizaje colaborativo, facilitar la consciencia en los estudiantes sobre su propio proceso de aprendizaje y la participación activa en los cursos para asegurar su calidad. Los métodos planteados se entrelazaron con la herramienta y los grupos de control inmersos en la plataforma institucional de la Universidad de Estocolmo. En una perspectiva transnacional se coopera activamente con la universidad de Málaga a través del grupo Gtea[3]. El proyecto se inicia en el curso año académico 2012 y se planificó en tres fases: Implementación, desarrollo y evaluación. Los resultados muestran ventajas pedagógicas de la herramienta en lo que respecta a la reflexión del profesor sobre las competencias y evidencias de aprendizaje, la participación activa del estudiante en sus tareas y el feedback con sus compañeros; al tiempo que se vislumbran resistencias en el docente a la hora de implementar e innovar con la herramienta y su metodología. Por su parte, los estudiantes también realizan un proceso de reflexión y aprendizaje colaborativo obteniendo resultados positivos, mostrando dificultades y limitaciones.</p><p> </p>
Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar
Authors: Hildebrand Jens , Baumgarten Gerd , Fiedler Jens , Lübken Franz-Josef 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We present an extensive data set of simultaneous temperature and wind measurements in the Arctic middle atmosphere. It consists of more than 300 h of Doppler Rayleigh lidar observations obtained during three January seasons (2012, 2014, and 2015) and covers the altitude range from 30 km up to about 85 km. The data set reveals large year-to-year variations in monthly mean temperatures and winds, which in 2012 are affected by a sudden stratospheric warming. The temporal evolution of winds and temperatures after that warming are studied over a period of 2 weeks, showing an elevated stratopause and the reformation of the polar vortex. The monthly mean temperatures and winds are compared to data extracted from the Integrated Forecast System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07). Lidar and ECMWF data show good agreement of mean zonal and meridional winds below  ≈ 55 km altitude, but we also find mean temperature, zonal wind, and meridional wind differences of up to 20 K, 20 m s−1, and 5 m s−1, respectively. Differences between lidar observations and HWM07 data are up to 30 m s−1. From the fluctuations of temperatures and winds within single nights we extract the potential and kinetic gravity wave energy density (GWED) per unit mass. It shows that the kinetic GWED is typically 5 to 10 times larger than the potential GWED, the total GWED increases with altitude with a scale height of  ≈ 16 km. Since temporal fluctuations of winds and temperatures are underestimated in ECMWF, the total GWED is underestimated as well by a factor of 3–10 above 50 km altitude. Similarly, we estimate the energy density per unit mass for large-scale waves (LWED) from the fluctuations of nightly mean temperatures and winds. The total LWED is roughly constant with altitude. The ratio of kinetic to potential LWED varies with altitude over 2 orders of magnitude. LWEDs from ECMWF data show results similar to the lidar data. From the comparison of GWED and LWED, it follows that large-scale waves carry about 2 to 5 times more energy than gravity waves.
Unusual behavior of quiet-time zonal and vertical plasma drift velocities over Jicamarca during the recent extended solar minimum of 2008
Authors: Santos Ângela M. , Abdu Mangalathayil A. , Souza Jonas R. , Batista Inez S. , Sobral José H. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The influence of the recent deep and prolonged solar minimum on the daytime zonal and vertical plasma drift velocities during quiet time is investigated in this work. Analyzing the data obtained from incoherent scatter radar from Jicamarca (11.95° S, 76.87° W) we observe an anomalous behavior of the zonal plasma drift during June 2008 characterized by lower than usual daytime westward drift and its early afternoon reversal to eastward. As a case study the zonal drift observed on 24 June 2008 is modeled using a realistic low-latitude ionosphere simulated by the Sheffield University Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model-INPE (SUPIM-INPE). The results show that an anomalously low zonal wind was mainly responsible for the observed anomalous behavior in the zonal drift. A comparative study of the vertical plasma drifts obtained from magnetometer data for some periods of maximum (2000–2002) and minimum solar activity (1998, 2008, 2010) phases reveal a considerable decrease on the E-region conductivity and the dynamo electric field during 2008. However, we believe that the contribution of these characteristics to the unusual behavior of the zonal plasma drift is significantly smaller than that arising from the anomalously low zonal wind. The SUPIM-INPE result of the critical frequency of the F layer (foF2) over Jicamarca suggested a lower radiation flux than that predicted by solar irradiance model (SOLAR2000) for June 2008.
Blowing snow sublimation and transport over Antarctica from 11 years of CALIPSO observations
Authors: Palm Stephen P. , Kayetha Vinay , Yang Yuekui , Pauly Rebecca 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Blowing snow processes commonly occur over the earth's ice sheets when the 10 m wind speed exceeds a threshold value. These processes play a key role in the sublimation and redistribution of snow thereby influencing the surface mass balance. Prior field studies and modeling results have shown the importance of blowing snow sublimation and transport on the surface mass budget and hydrological cycle of high-latitude regions. For the first time, we present continent-wide estimates of blowing snow sublimation and transport over Antarctica for the period 2006–2016 based on direct observation of blowing snow events. We use an improved version of the blowing snow detection algorithm developed for previous work that uses atmospheric backscatter measurements obtained from the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar aboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite. The blowing snow events identified by CALIPSO and meteorological fields from MERRA-2 are used to compute the blowing snow sublimation and transport rates. Our results show that maximum sublimation occurs along and slightly inland of the coastline. This is contrary to the observed maximum blowing snow frequency which occurs over the interior. The associated temperature and moisture reanalysis fields likely contribute to the spatial distribution of the maximum sublimation values. However, the spatial pattern of the sublimation rate over Antarctica is consistent with modeling studies and precipitation estimates. Overall, our results show that the 2006–2016 Antarctica average integrated blowing snow sublimation is about 393 ± 196 Gt yr−1, which is considerably larger than previous model-derived estimates. We find maximum blowing snow transport amount of 5 Mt km−1 yr−1 over parts of East Antarctica and estimate that the average snow transport from continent to ocean is about 3.7 Gt yr−1. These continent-wide estimates are the first of their kind and can be used to help model and constrain the surface mass budget over Antarctica.