bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereo OCT angiography in macular diseases
Authors: Mauget‐Faysse M. , Wolff B. , De Bat F. , Vasseur V. , Alonso A.S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo present stereo optical coherence tomography angiography (SD OCT‐A) images of patients with different macular pathologies.MethodsA series of patients with macular pathologies underwent OCT‐A imaging with the Heidelberg Engineering SPECTRALIS OCT2 device. In addition, these patients underwent OCT B and C scans, color fundus photographies and fluorescein and ICG angiographies. The OCT‐A images were then computerized in a manner to give stereo images. Slabs of different thicknesses were analyzed and are presented.ResultsThirty seven eyes with different macular diseases (10 exsudative AMD, 16 diabetic retinopathies, 10 retinal venous occlusions, 1 acute macular placoid pigmented epitheliopathy) were included and analyzed.Stereo OCT‐A allowed to show the vascular abnormality and its impact on the retina and the choroid. The swelling of the retina was highlighted in stereo viewing.ConclusionsStereo OCT‐A is a new additive technique to OCT imaging. It gives a global assessment of the central retina pathology highlighting retinal swelling.This technique needs perfect segmentation to achieve good stereo images and improvements are currently needed.
Analysis of macular sensitivity using multifocal electroretinogram and microperimetry in central serous chorioretinopathy patients after half‐dose photodynamic therapy
Authors: Rocha de Sousa A. , Rosinha P. , Rodrigues‐Araújo J. , Alves‐Faria P. , Costa A. , Falcão‐Reis F. , Penas S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate macular functional changes using multifocal electroretinography and microperimetry after half‐dose photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (HD‐PDT) in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patientsMethodsThe charts of 101 CSC patients submitted to half‐dose PDT were reviewed. A total of 117 eyes with acute or chronic CSC underwent half‐dose PDT using 3 mg/m2 verteporfin infused over 10 min. Serial recordings of BCVA using the ETDRS charts, macular thickness using OCT and retinal sensitivity using both microperimetry (MP) and mfERG were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months after treatment. A longitudinal assessment for each of these parameters and a Spearmen's correlation analysis between them was performed.ResultsCompared to baseline, a significant increase in N1, P1 and N2 mean amplitudes was registered after HD‐PDT, as well as a significant decrease in N1, P1 and N2 mean implicit times, both for central and peripheral rings. A correlation analysis showed significant correlations between BCVA and the first‐order component of retinal response for the most central ring (<2°). Significant correlations were also found between P1 implicit time and mean central macular thickness both at 36 (p = 0.030) and 72 months (p = 0.037). Central 4 degrees retinal sensitivity significantly correlated with N1 amplitude ratio at 72 months (p < 0.01) and P1 implicit time differences at 6 (p = 0.013) and 12 months (p = 0.014).ConclusionsmfERG demonstrated an increased retinal sensitivity in PDT‐treated CSC patients. Changes in BCVA, central macular thickness and central retinal sensitivity significantly correlated with the mfERG responses. HD PDT treatment improved both structural and functional outcomes and mfERG is an important objective parameter to evaluate functional changes in follow‐up.
Changes in choroidal thickness and mean ocular perfusion pressure with hemodialysis
Authors: Cordeiro Sousa D. , Leal I. , Couceiro R. , Bigotte Vieira M. , Lopez N. , Resina C. , Neves F. , Gomes da Costa A. , Pinto F. , Marques‐Neves C. , Proença H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe goals of hemodialysis (HD) in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are to remove uremic substances and to control the composition and volume of body fluid. Several associated systemic and ocular hemodynamic changes occurring along with HD have already been described. Our goal was to evaluate the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and mean ocular pressure perfusion (MOPP) in HD.MethodsProspective cohort study including 16 eyes of 16 black patients (8 women) under chronic HD. Macular enhanced depth imaging spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) cross scans were performed and IOP measurements obtained using Tonopen® 1 h before and 1 h after HD. Hemodynamic data was also obtained at both time points. MOPP was calculated as MOPP = 2/3(mean arterial pressure) – IOP. The same experienced operator manually measured SFCT using the EDI‐OCT built‐in caliper. STATA v.13.0 was used as statistical package.ResultsMean age of ESRD patients was 46.81 ± 7.72 [range 28–60] years. The mean time under HD was 17.38 ± 14.67 months. After HD, SFCT increased from 245.38 ± 73.86 μm to 269.13 ± 69.74 μm (p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, a linear regression model revealed a strong relationship between SFCT and MOPP with hemodialysis (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn our study of ESRD patients, SFCT increased with HD. Shifting of molecules and fluid between the blood and choroidal interstitium during HD may be involved in SFCT changes, which are correlated with MOPP fluctuations.
Erroneus measurement of the intraocular pressure with the goldmann aplanation tonometry in fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Berniolles J. , Bartolomé I. , Del buey M.A. , Martinez M. , Esteban O. , Ascaso J. , Sánchez J.I. , Idoate A. , Almenara C. , Pérez I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeFuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral, progressive, disease of the corneal endothelium. It's caused by an abnormal collagen deposition in Descemet membrane leading to progressive degeneration of endothelial cells. The loss of endothelial cells prevents the removal of water from the cornea, causing corneal edema. Later stages involve other layers corneal layers. It is most frequently a spontaneous disease although several autosomal dominant mutations have been reported.It has been described that corneal thickness influences the corneal biomechanics properties, leading to an erroneous measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) with the Goldmannn aplanation tonometry.MethodsWe report a patient diagnosed with FECD and his IOP was measured with Goldamann applanation tonometry (GAT) and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA). As well as corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) were recorded with the ORA. We have followed this patient for several years we also carried out corneal topographic maps and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) to complete the study.ResultsThe evolution of our patient showed a corneal edema related to an abnormal endothelium. We noticed that compensated IOP was significantly higher than GAT IOP and Goldmann IOP due to biomechanic changes secondary to corneal edema.ConclusionsIOP in patients with FECD and edema should be measured with ORA so compensated IOP is registered avoiding the underestimation of only GAT.
Unexpected orbital swelling after injection of hydrogel self inflating expanders
Authors: Grivet D. , Ronin C. , Boutet C. , Thuret G. , Gain P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeHydrogel self‐inflating expanders are used since the beginning of the century in order to treat enophalmos that occur after enucleation or evisceration. They are inserted in a dry, contracted state, and expand gradually to reach 10‐fold increase in volume. This procedure is relatively simple and considered as safe. Short term complications are rarely reported. Aim: to report a case of orbital swelling after implantation in order to discuss differential diagnosis and treatment options and present a revue of literature.MethodsWe describe the case of a 55 years old woman who received intra orbital injection of self‐inflating expanders in order to treat post‐enucleation enophtalmos. This procedure was followed by unexpected orbital swelling one day after surgery. The patient described important pain but no infectious signs were found.ResultsEarly CT scan showed intra orbital isodense mass which ruled out post operative bleedind. MRI allowed to find out oedema features in the mass on T2w‐STIR images. It showed also the expanders inside the mass. The patient underwent topical and oral steroid medication during 3 months allowing complete resolution of the event. With no recurrence after 6 months follow up. After 6 months the swelling totally disappeared and MRI showed only the expanders with a high signal in T2w‐STIR images.ConclusionsNon‐infectious orbital swelling after hydrogel self‐inflating expanders had not been previously described. Reporting adverse effects may help oculoplastic physicians improving the management of such rare cases.
Alterations in proliferative activity in the corneal endothelial periphery after transcorneal freezing
Authors: Correll M. , Crouzet E. , Cabrerizo J. , Dornonville de la Cour M. , Gain P. , He Z. , Heegaard S. , Kiilgaard J. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo localise proliferating cells in the corneal endothelium after transcorneal freeze injury and detect possible progenitor cells.MethodsEndothelial cells (ECs) were disrupted by transcorneal freezing in 5‐weeks‐old rabbits. Concomitantly 10 mg/kg 5‐Ethynyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine (EdU) was injected intraperitoneally and repeated after 24 and 48 h. Animals were euthanized after 3, 5 or 40 days. Corneoscleral buttons were flat‐mounted for immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation marker Ki‐67 and detection of EdU, which is incorporated into the DNA during cell cycle S‐phase. Ki‐67+ and EdU+ cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy.ResultsTranscorneal freezing induced a central endothelial lesion of approximately 5 × 5 mm. After three days the endothelial wound was almost completely repopulated by small ECs exhibiting strong Ki‐67 expression and EdU incorporation. Furthermore, ECs in close proximity to the edges of the initial wound were positive for Ki‐67 and EdU. In the control group no central Ki‐67+ nor EdU+ ECs were detected. In the peripheral endothelium of the lesion group Ki‐67+ and EdU+ ECs were often arranged in clusters of 100–400 cells, with 1–3 clusters per quadrant. This is opposed to the periphery of the control group where Ki‐67+ and EdU+ ECs were abundantly present in all quadrants in a widespread pattern.ConclusionsThe central ECs in 5‐weeks‐old rabbits do not proliferate when the cell layer is intact, but proliferates extensively in response to wounding and covers the defect within 3 days. In contrast to this, peripheral ECs are continuously cycling. After a central lesion, the pattern of proliferative cells in the periphery change from widespread cells to clustered cells. This specific cell pattern can be indicative of a stem/progenitor cell niche.
Variation of accommodative process and anterior chamber parameters in diabetic patients
Authors: Costa L. , Passos I. , Pires G. , Proença R. , Amado D. , Ferreira J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeChronic hyperglycemia is responsible for vascular and neurodegenerative retinal changes in diabetic patients. However, other eye structures have been also associated with changes, such as corneal biomechanics and lens thickness.The author's objective was to analyze the accommodative process – crystalline structural change and pupillary diameter based on Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS‐OCT).MethodsProspective case‐control study. The anterior chamber parameters were studied using AS‐OCT. The monocular accommodative process was obtained with different Dioptric Powers (0 D, 2.5 D, 5 D and 7 D – lens integrated in the OCT software) in both controlled photopic and scotopic conditions. 2 groups have been analyzed: group 1 with type 2 diabetic patients and group 2 with healthy‐controls. Measurements of anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV), pupillary diameter (PD) and iris thickness (IT) were obtained.ResultsA total of 71 patients were evaluated (group 1 − n = 36; group 2 – n = 35). The mean age was 69.15 ± 5.55 years. Diabetic patients have showed the basal highest LV and lowest ACD values, with statistically significance (p < 0.05). In highest accommodative power, group 2 has experimented a significant reduction in ACD, ACA and PD (p < 0.05). The LV change has not proved important in the process. Group 1 has showed a significant response in scotopic conditions, even with a lower response with the highest accommodative stimuli compared to group 2.ConclusionsThe accommodative process is impaired in diabetic patients, with a significant difference in pupillary response more than in lens vault. This could be important to explain the importance of the anterior segment of crystalline in accommodation. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the DM effects on these parameters.
Unravelling the potential of secreted frizzled related protein 3 as a vascular marker
Authors: Madigan M. , Gu R. , Gilan P. , Eamegdool S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSecreted Frizzled Related Protein (SFRP)‐3, is a member of the SFRP family of secreted glycoproteins involved in regulating the ubiquitous Wnt signalling pathways. We noted SFRP3 expression incidentally on blood vessels at the limbus, and there are limited reprots on vessles in tumours. We further explored this observation in a range of human eye tissues, comparing SFRP3 patterns with other established vascular markers, including Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA)‐1 lectin.MethodsHuman post‐mortem eyes (<18 h delay) [consent and Human Research Ethics Committe approval; Lions NSW Eye Bank and UNSW HREC), were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/0.1M PBS. Paraffin sections (n = 6)] and flat mounts (choroid and retina) (n = 6) were immunolabelled for SFRP3 and other markers [collagen IV (basement membrane), smooth muscle actin (SMA) (pericytes and smooth muscle cells), MHCII (microglia and macrophages)] and UEA‐1 (vascular endothelium). All immnuolabelling was visualised using confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM700).ResultsWe observed SFRP‐3 immunolabelling of blood vessels in different human eye tissues including limbus, choroid (and naevi, Madigan et al., EVER 2015) and retina. Both sections and flatmounts displayed obvious SFRP3 immunlabelling of endothelial cell membranes; SFRP3 co‐localised with UEA‐1 lectin and Collagen IV (basement membrane). We also noted SFRP3+ neuron‐like cell bodies and processes in peripheral retina, adjacent to the ora serrata.ConclusionsSFRP3 consistently immunolabelled blood vessels in all ocular tissues examined. It does not appear to label pericytes or perivascular immune cells, but co‐localised with UEA‐1 lectin (blood vessel ‘gold standard’) and basement membrane collagen IV, indicating its potential as a novel blood vessel marker.
A vascular comparison between primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: Van Keer K. , Abegão Pinto L. , Barbosa Breda J. , Willekens K. , Vandewalle E. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo contrast systemic and ocular vascular parameters in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) versus primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsSub‐analysis of a prospective, cross‐sectional, case–control hospital‐based study investigating ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients (Leuven Eye Study). Systemic and ocular vascular parameters, including a questionnaire, blood pressure, dynamic contour tonometry, colour Doppler imaging, retinal oximetry and optical coherent tomography enhanced‐depth imaging, were compared between an age‐matched group of POAG and NTG patients.ResultsWe included 192 NTG and 214 POAG patients. Patients with NTG presented with significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01), decreased acceleration in the central retinal artery (p = 0.02), increased resistive index in the ophthalmic artery and central retinal vein (both p = 0.04), thinner peripapillary choroidal thickness (p < 0.001) and higher retinal venous oxygen saturation (p < 0.001). The odds of suffering from hypotension, migraine and Raynaud were significantly higher for NTG patients [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–8.73, 1.13–4.42 and 1.36–3.95 respectively], as were the odds of taking systemic bèta‐blockers, calcium antagonists and angiotensin II receptors blockers (95% CI 1.04–2.67, 1.21–6.62 and 1.18–5.97 respectively).ConclusionsPatients with NTG differ significantly on several ocular and systemic vascular parameters from POAG patients. These findings add further support to a higher weight for vascular‐driven neuropathy in NTG vascular etiology in NTG.
Vitreous and serum VEGF levels after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and triamcinolone acetonide in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sozen‐Delil F.I. , Cekic O. , Haklar G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare ocular and systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonizing effect of bevacizumab (IVB), ranibizumab (IVR) and triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) following intravitreal injection in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsThirty‐one eyes of 28 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 21 eyes of 21 non‐diabetic patients having various vitreoretinal diseases underwent vitrectomy. Eyes with PDR were injected with IVB (n = 7), IVR (n = 10) or IVT (n = 6) 3 days prior to vitrectomy. The non PDR eyes (n = 8) was not injected. Vitreous and serum samples were obtained during vitrectomy. Serum and vitreous VEGF levels were analyzed using ELISA.ResultsMean (±SD) vitreous VEGF level in diabetic eyes was higher than that of non‐diabetics (1,275.76 ± 3,441.63 pg/ml vs. 82.66 ± 100.71 pg/ml, p < 0.001) while serum VEGF level did not differ (630.17 ± 981.72 pg/ml vs. 506.51 ± 825.64 pg/ml, p = 0.89). In diabetic eyes, VEGF levels in serum and vitreous was similar (p > 0.05) while in non‐diabetics, serum VEGF level was higher than vitreous VEGF level (p < 0.001). In non‐diabetics, there was lower vitreous VEGF levels than that of IVB, IVR, IVT injected eyes with PDR or non‐injected eyes with non‐PDR (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). There was no difference among serum VEGF levels within PDR subgroups (p > 0.05). IVT suppressed vitreous VEGF level more than IVR did (298.36 ± 442.14 pg/ml vs. 1,525.01 ± 2,605.95 pg/ml, p = 0.03), however after adjusting total protein level, no significance was remained (p = 0.193).ConclusionsVitreous VEGF level was similarly affected 3 days after injection of IVB, IVR and IVT.AcknowledgementThis project was supported by Marmara University, Scientific Research Projects Committee.
Vasodilation by cell membrane permeable but not impermeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitors of precontracted retinal arteries
Authors: Eysteinsson T. , Hardarson A.O. , Carta F. , Supuran C.T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCarbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI's) are used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Some have also been found to elevate retinal and optic nerve PO2 and cause vasodilation of retinal arteries. But the mechanism causing the vasodilatation is unknown. The aim is to identify which carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes are involved in control of vascular tone, and whether located intracellularly or on the surface of cell membranes. Selective membrane permeable and impermeable CAI's were used for this purpose.MethodsDissected segments of porcine retinal arteries were mounted in a wire myograph for measurement of contractile activity and precontracted with 10−6 M U‐46619, a prostaglandin analog, added to the organ bath. With the vascular tone stabilized the CAI's tested were applied separately to the bath, and the effects of each on the tone recorded. Results are presented as mean ± SEM percentage of the maximum vasodilation, as compared to the prior vasoconstriction per mm, induced by 10−6 M U‐46619.ResultsThe membrane permeable CAI dorzolamide (10−3 M) induced a mean relaxation of porcine retinal arteries by 76 ± 8% (p < 0.02) when precontracted with U‐46619. Benzolamide, considered a membrane impermeable CAI, induced a significant mean relaxation of 85 ± 8% (p < 0.01) at 10−3 M after U‐46629 induced vasoconstriction; this relaxation was dose‐dependent. The pyridinium derivative FC5‐207A (10−3 M), a membrane impermeable CAI, had no effects on the vascular tone of retinal arteries precontracted by U‐45519, at any dose tested.ConclusionsMembrane permeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitors induce vasodilation in precontracted porcine retinal arteries, while membrane impermeable inhibitors do not, suggesting that cytosolic isoenzymes are involved in mediating the vasodilation. The results indicate that benzolamide is probably a membrane permeable CAI.
Tomographic analysis of the retinal layers in diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant
Authors: Medeiros Pinto J. , Prates Canelas J. , Rosa R. , Coelho C. , Vaz‐Pereira S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo study the morphological alterations in the individual retinal layers of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant.MethodsRetrospective, observational study of patients with center‐involving DME treated with a single dexamethasone implant as primary or secondary treatment, and with at least two follow‐up visits. Central thickness of each retinal layer was obtained with optical coherence tomography automated segmentation (Heidelberg Spectralis Engineering, Germany), with manual correction as needed.ResultsTwenty one eyes of 18 type 2 diabetic patients were included (median HbA1c 7.1%). The median time of follow‐up after treatment was 8 weeks (visit 1) and 4 months (visit 2). At visit 1, a significant reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) (480 ± 24 to 325 ± 134), retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) (21 ± 1 to 18 ± 2), ganglion cell layer (GCL) (30 ± 2 to 22 ± 1), inner nuclear layer (94 ± 15 to 46 ± 6), outer plexiform layer (OPL) (35 ± 3 to 28 ± 1), outer nuclear layer (ONL) (176 ± 14 to 117 ± 18) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (29 ± 7 to 15 ± 5) was noted (p < 0.05 for all layers). At visit 2 there was a significant increase in CMT, (424 ± 270), although still lower than the baseline; there was also a significant increase in RNFL (25 ± 3), GCL (30 ± 3), OPL (40 ± 3), ONL (146 ± 20) and RPE (24 ± 5) (p < 0.05). There was no difference in inner plexiform layer (IPL) or outer retinal layers thickness over time. Seven eyes had neurosensorial detachment (NSD) at baseline, versus 0 at visit 1 and 2 at visit 2.ConclusionsThe reduction in CMT noted in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant is mostly due to resolution of NSD (which accounts to the automated RPE thickness) and the layers above external limiting membrane, except for IPL. This effect is highest at the first follow‐up visit.