bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease with Gaucher disease type 2
Authors: Kubo Hiroyuki , Shimono Ryuichi , Tanaka Aya , Fujii Takayuki , Yasuda Saneyuki , Koyano Kosuke , Jinnai Wataru , Kondo Sonoko , Kondo Takeo , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, is sometimes complicated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present patient was a 136‐day‐old Japanese boy with Gaucher disease type 2. Enzyme replacement therapy and chemical chaperone therapy were successful for the skin disorders, joint contractures, hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, but he also had GERD. Accordingly, a Nissen fundoplication with gastrostomy was performed. There was no vulnerability of organs, easy bleeding or difficulty of maintaining the visual field because of hepatosplenomegaly during operation. In the perioperative period, there was no prolonged wound healing or infection. GERD was improved. In the near future, the number of long‐term survivors of Gaucher disease will increase due to improvements in medical therapy. Therefore, it is expected that the number of patients requiring fundoplication will also increase. In patients with successful medical therapy, surgical fundoplication can be safely and effectively performed.
Tympanic ear thermometer assessment of body temperature among patients with cognitive disturbances. An acceptable and ethically desirable alternative?
Authors: Aadal Lena , Fog Lisbet , Pedersen Asger Roer 
Published: February 2016

AimInvestigation of a possible relation between body temperature measurements by the current generation of tympanic ear and rectal thermometers.BackgroundIn Denmark, a national guideline recommends the rectal measurement. Subsequently, the rectal thermometers and tympanic ear devices are the most frequently used and first choice in Danish hospital wards. Cognitive changes constitute challenges with cooperating in rectal temperature assessments. With regard to diagnosing, ethics, safety and the patients' dignity, the tympanic ear thermometer might comprise a desirable alternative to rectal noninvasive measurement of body temperature during in‐hospital‐based neurorehabilitation.DesignA prospective, descriptive cohort study. Consecutive inclusion of 27 patients. Linear regression models were used to analyse 284 simultaneous temperature measurements.EthicsEthical approval for this study was granted by the Danish Data Protection Agency, and the study was completed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration 2008.ResultsAbout 284 simultaneous rectal and ear temperature measurements on 27 patients were analysed. The patient‐wise variability of measured temperatures was significantly higher for the ear measurements. Patient‐wise linear regressions for the 25 patients with at least three pairs of simultaneous ear and rectal temperature measurements showed large interpatient variability of the association.ConclusionA linear relationship between the rectal body temperature assessment and the temperature assessment employing the tympanic thermometer is weak. Both measuring methods reflect variance in temperature, but ear measurements showed larger variation.
The evaluation of neural and vascular hyper‐reactivity for sensitive skin
Authors: Sun L. , Wang X. , Zhang Y. , Wang T. , Li X. , Ma Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe impaired barrier function has been studied comprehensively but few about the heighted neural and vascular reaction for the pathogenesis of sensitive skin.MethodsLactic acid stinging test (LAST) was used to identify sensitive subjects in selection phase. In the subsequent test phase, the baseline value of the blood flow (BF) and the current perception threshold (CPT) was measured by non‐invasive instruments firstly. Then, the 0.001% capsaicin was applied to the nasolabial fold for 5 min. After the capsaicin test (CAT), the BF (immediately after the CAT) and CPT (1 h later after the CAT) were measured again. Blood sample were collected for genetic analysis of four TRPV1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms between the positive‐group and the negative‐group.ResultThe positive‐group had lower baseline value of CPT at 5 and 250 Hz compared with the negative‐group, but no difference in baseline value of BF. After the CAT, significant variation in CPT at 5 and 250 Hz values and the BF were found in positive‐group but not in negative‐group. The genotype frequencies of AG/GG in RS224534 and AC/CC in RS4790523 in positive‐group were higher than that of negative‐group.ConclusionThe sensitive subjects were prone to be stimulated by capsaicin to trigger neural and vascular hyper‐reactivity. The genetic variation of TRPV1 and the unpleasant sensation demonstrate that TRPV1 play an important role in the pathogenesis of sensitive skin. Our study supports that sensory irritation inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory compounds should be considered to be added in cosmetics to reduce the heighted neural and vascular reaction of sensitive skin.
Systematic Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Association of Sarcopenia With Mortality
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Lin Pei‐Ling 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe World Health Organization (2002) indicates that the prevention of frailty is a key indicator of successful aging, and the assessment of the muscular system is the core for determining the frailty syndrome in older adults. Sarcopenia in older adults will affect more than 50 million people and will affect more than 200 million people after 40 years. Systematic literature reviews have yet to focus on the association between sarcopenia and mortality.AimsThe aims of this study were to determine the correlation between sarcopenia and mortality by using various evaluation methods and to analyze any differences among the resulting correlations of the different assessment tools.MethodsThis study conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in four databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Ovid). The inclusion criteria were prospective research, the results included mortality or death, and risk estimates included risk ratio or hazard ratio estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Exclusion criteria included studies that provided no sarcopenia data, the risk of mortality or death, or data indicating deaths from cancers and in hospitals.ResultsThis study identified 10 studies that have investigated the association between sarcopenia and mortality with an average follow up of 4.17 years. In total, these studies have sampled 3,797 people and recorded 1,010 deaths. The result suggested that the risk of mortality in the sarcopenia group was higher than that in the nonsarcopenia group.Linking Evidence to ActionAlthough the results of evidence‐based studies have suggested that sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome associated with increased mortality, few studies have focused on decreasing sarcopenia mortality. Therefore, nurse practitioners must be aware of the correlation between sarcopenia and the mortality rate and become actively involved in developing intervention methods for reducing the mortality risk of sarcopenia.
Pinpointing the level of isolation between two cryptic species sharing the same microhabitat: a case study with a scarabaeid species complex
Authors: Roy Lise , Bon Marie‐Claude , Cesarini Cyril , Serin José , Bonato Olivier 
Published: February 2016

Understanding the processes of speciation is an important challenge in improving knowledge of the origin of biodiversity. One crucial point is to assess the causes of reproductive isolation, especially in the case of co‐occurring species. Differences in microscale spatial distribution in small organisms may blur the issue. We explored biological processes underlying speciation within dung beetles belonging to thevaccaspecies complex (Scarabaeidae:Onthophagus). The two taxa of this complex,O. vaccaandO. medius,not only are known to have a large overlapping Palearctic distribution range but also share the same cowpat with no physical barriers and no observed specific aggregated patterns in the local distribution. The present study aimed at determining the level of isolation between the two taxa and discusses the most likely scenario of the speciation (sympatry vs. allopatry) based on the Coyne & Orr's (2004) four criteria. We conducted a full study on populations sampled within the Mediterranean region integrating morphological analysis (digital image analysis of the elytral melanism pattern), two‐gene phylogenies, population genetic analyses on populations sampled from an area where both species occur and another one withO. vaccaonly, as well as intra‐ and interspecific mating and crossing bioassays. The variation in the elytral melanism pattern clearly followed a bimodal distribution, withO. mediusbeing more melanic thanO. vacca, with a very limited overlapping area. The two taxa are reproductively isolated, with a strong postzygotic incompatibility despite the absence of sexual isolation. Sequence analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial markers revealed a deep divergence between the two taxa dating back to 8.7 Mya. All findings concurred with some phenological observations and the conclusion that the most likely scenario for speciation in thevaccacomplex was an allopatric speciation followed by secondary contact.
Cav1.3 (CACNA1D) L‐type Ca2+ channel dysfunction in CNS disorders
Authors: Pinggera Alexandra , Striessnig Jörg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCav1.3 belongs to the family of voltage‐gated L‐type Ca2+ channels and is encoded by the CACNA1D gene. Cav1.3 channels are not only essential for cardiac pacemaking, hearing and hormone secretion but are also expressed postsynaptically in neurons, where they shape neuronal firing and plasticity. Recent findings provide evidence that human mutations in the CACNA1D gene can confer risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disease and perhaps also epilepsy. Loss of Cav1.3 function, as shown in knock‐out mouse models and by human mutations, does not result in neuropsychiatric or neurological disease symptoms, whereas their acute selective pharmacological activation results in a depressive‐like behaviour in mice. Therefore it is likely that CACNA1D mutations enhancing activity may be disease relevant also in humans. Indeed, whole exome sequencing studies, originally prompted to identify mutations in primary aldosteronism, revealed de novo CACNA1D missense mutations permitting enhanced Ca2+ signalling through Cav1.3. Remarkably, apart from primary aldosteronism, heterozygous carriers of these mutations also showed seizures and neurological abnormalities. Different missense mutations with very similar gain‐of‐function properties were recently reported in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These data strongly suggest that CACNA1D mutations enhancing Cav1.3 activity confer a strong risk for – or even cause – CNS disorders, such as ASD.
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Visual input to the mouse lateral posterior and posterior thalamic nuclei: photoreceptive origins and retinotopic order
Authors: Allen Annette E. , Procyk Christopher A. , Howarth Michael , Walmsley Lauren , Brown Timothy M. 
Published: February 2016

Key points
The lateral posterior and posterior thalamic nuclei have been implicated in aspects of visually guided behaviour and reflex responses to light, including those dependent on melanopsin photoreception.
Here we investigated the extent and basic properties of visually evoked activity across the mouse lateral posterior and posterior thalamus.
We show that a subset of retinal projections to these regions derive from melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells and find many cells that exhibit melanopsin‐dependent changes in firing.
We also show that subsets of cells across these regions integrate signals from both eyes in various ways and that, within the lateral posterior thalamus, visual responses are retinotopically ordered.
AbstractIn addition to the primary thalamocortical visual relay in the lateral geniculate nuclei, a number of other thalamic regions contribute to aspects of visual processing. Thus, the lateral posterior thalamic nuclei (LP/pulvinar) appear important for various functions including determining visual saliency, visually guided behaviours and, alongside dorsal portions of the posterior thalamic nuclei (Po), multisensory processing of information related to aversive stimuli. However, despite the growing importance of mice as a model for understanding visual system organisation, at present we know very little about the basic visual response properties of cells in the mouse LP or Po. Prompted by earlier suggestions that melanopsin photoreception might be important for certain functions of these nuclei, we first employ specific viral tracing to show that a subset of retinal projections to the LP derive from melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells. We next use multielectrode electrophysiology to demonstrate that LP and dorsal Po cells exhibit a variety of responses to simple visual stimuli including two distinct classes that express melanopsin‐dependent changes in firing (together comprising ∼25% of neurons we recorded). We also show that subgroups of LP/Po cells integrate signals from both eyes in various ways and that, within the LP, visual responses are retinotopically ordered. Together our data reveal a diverse population of visually responsive neurons across the LP and dorsal Po whose properties align with some of the established functions of these nuclei and suggest new possible routes through which melanopsin photoreception could contribute to reflex light responses and/or higher order visual processing.
Is plasticity within the retrotrapezoid nucleus responsible for the recovery of the set‐point after carotid body denervation in rats?
Authors: Basting Tyler M. , Abe Chikara , Viar Kenneth E. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: February 2016

Key points
Arterial is kept constant via breathing adjustments elicited, at least partly, by central chemoreceptors (CCRs) and the carotid bodies (CBs).
The CBs may be active in a normal oxygen environment because their removal reduces breathing. Thereafter, breathing slowly returns to normal. In the present study, we investigated whether an increase in the activity of CCRs accounts for this return.
One week after CB excision, the hypoxic ventilatory reflex was greatly reduced as expected, whereas ventilation and blood gases at rest under normoxia were normal.
Optogenetic inhibition of Phox2b‐expressing neurons including the retrotrapezoid nucleus, a cluster of CCRs, reduced breathing proportionally to arterial pH. The hypopnoea was greater after CB excision but only in a normal or hypoxic environment. The difference could be simply explained by the loss of fast feedback from the CBs.
We conclude that, in rats, CB denervation may not produce CCR plasticity. We also question whether the transient hypoventilation elicited by CB denervation means that these afferents are active under normoxia.
AbstractCarotid body denervation (CBD) causes hypoventilation and increases the arterial set‐point; these effects eventually subside. The hypoventilation is attributed to reduced CB afferent activity and the set‐point recovery to CNS plasticity. In the present study, we investigated whether the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a group of non‐catecholaminergic Phox2b‐expressing central respiratory chemoreceptors (CCRs), is the site of such plasticity. We evaluated the contribution of the RTN to breathing frequency (FR), tidal volume (VT) and minute volume (VE) by inhibiting this nucleus optogenetically for 10 s (archaerhodopsinT3.0) in unanaesthetized rats breathing various levels of O2 and/or CO2. The measurements were made in seven rats before and 6–7 days after CBD and were repeated in seven sham‐operated rats. Seven days post‐CBD, blood gases and ventilation in 21% O2 were normal, whereas the hypoxic ventilatory reflex was still depressed (95.3%) and hypoxia no longer evoked sighs. Sham surgery had no effect. In normoxia or hypoxia, RTN inhibition produced a more sustained hypopnoea post‐CBD than before; in hyperoxia, the responses were identical. Post‐CBD, RTN inhibition reduced FR and VE in proportion to arterial pH or (ΔVE: 3.3 ± 1.5% resting VE/0.01 pHa). In these rats, 20.7 ± 8.9% of RTN neurons expressed archaerhodopsinT3.0. Hypercapnia (3–6% FiCO2) increased FR and VT in CBD rats (n = 4). In conclusion, RTN regulates FR and VE in a pH‐dependent manner after CBD, consistent with its postulated CCR function. RTN inhibition produces a more sustained hypopnoea after CBD than before, although this change may simply result from the loss of the fast feedback action of the CBs.
Accelerated iterative beam angle selection in IMRT
Authors: Bangert Mark , Unkelbach Jan 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:Iterative methods for beam angle selection (BAS) for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning sequentially construct a beneficial ensemble of beam directions. In a naïve implementation, the nth beam is selected by adding beam orientations one‐by‐one from a discrete set of candidates to an existing ensemble of (n − 1) beams. The best beam orientation is identified in a time consuming process by solving the fluence map optimization (FMO) problem for every candidate beam and selecting the beam that yields the largest improvement to the objective function value. This paper evaluates two alternative methods to accelerate iterative BAS based on surrogates for the FMO objective function value.Methods:We suggest to select candidate beams not based on the FMO objective function value after convergence but (1) based on the objective function value after five FMO iterations of a gradient based algorithm and (2) based on a projected gradient of the FMO problem in the first iteration. The performance of the objective function surrogates is evaluated based on the resulting objective function values and dose statistics in a treatment planning study comprising three intracranial, three pancreas, and three prostate cases. Furthermore, iterative BAS is evaluated for an application in which a small number of noncoplanar beams complement a set of coplanar beam orientations. This scenario is of practical interest as noncoplanar setups may require additional attention of the treatment personnel for every couch rotation.Results:Iterative BAS relying on objective function surrogates yields similar results compared to naïve BAS with regard to the objective function values and dose statistics. At the same time, early stopping of the FMO and using the projected gradient during the first iteration enable reductions in computation time by approximately one to two orders of magnitude. With regard to the clinical delivery of noncoplanar IMRT treatments, we could show that optimized beam ensembles using only a few noncoplanar beam orientations often approach the plan quality of fully noncoplanar ensembles.Conclusions:We conclude that iterative BAS in combination with objective function surrogates can be a viable option to implement automated BAS at clinically acceptable computation times.
Five-Antigen Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Embers Monica E. , Hasenkampf Nicole R. , Barnes Mary B. , Didier Elizabeth S. , Philipp Mario T. , Tardo Amanda C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The systematically difficult task of diagnosing Lyme disease can be simplified by sensitive and specific laboratory tests. The currently recommended two-tier test for serology is highly specific but falls short in sensitivity, especially in the early acute phase. We previously examined serially collected serum samples from
Borrelia burgdorferi
-infected rhesus macaques and defined a combination of antigens that could be utilized for detection of infection at all phases of disease in humans. The five
B. burgdorferi
antigens, consisting of OspC, OspA, DbpA, OppA2, and the C6 peptide, were combined into a fluorescent cytometric bead-based assay for the detection of
B. burgdorferi
antigen-specific IgG antibodies. Samples from Lyme disease patients and controls were used to determine the diagnostic value of this assay. Using this sample set, we found that our five-antigen multiplex IgG assay exhibited higher sensitivity (79.5%) than the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (76.1%), the two-tier test (61.4%), and the C6 peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (77.2%) while maintaining specificity over 90%. When detection of IgM was added to the bead-based assay, the sensitivity improved to 91%, but at a cost of reduced specificity (78%). These results indicate that the rational combination of antigens in our multiplex assay may offer an improved serodiagnostic test for Lyme disease.
Comparison of Fecal Microbiota between German Holstein Dairy Cows with and without Left-Sided Displacement of the Abomasum
Authors: Song Eun-Sik , Jung Sang Il , Park Hyung-Jin , Seo Kyoung-Won , Son Jeong-Hoon , Hong Sanghyun , Shim Minkyung , Kim Hyeun Bum , Song Kun-Ho 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTOne of the most common diseases in high-performance German Holstein dairy cows is left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA). Hypomotility of the abomasum is detrimental during the pathogenesis of LDA. It is known that improper interactions between the gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system contribute to dysfunctions of gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbial composition will be different between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. We used 16S rRNA gene analysis to evaluate whether there are any differences in bacterial composition between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. Even though our data are limited to being used to correlate compositional changes with corresponding functional aspects in the pathogenesis of LDA, results from this study show that the fecal microbial compositions of German Holstein dairy cows with LDA shifted and were less diverse than those in normal cows. In particular,Spirochaeteswere absent in cows with LDA.
Accurate Serodetection of Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani Infection by Use of Defined Antigens
Authors: Vallur Aarthy C. , Reinhart Caroline , Mohamath Raodoh , Goto Yasuyuki , Ghosh Prakash , Mondal Dinesh , Duthie Malcolm S. , Reed Steven G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Infection with
Leishmania donovani
is typically asymptomatic, but a significant number of individuals may progress to visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a deadly disease that threatens 200 million people in areas where it is endemic. While diagnosis of acute VL has been simplified by the use of cost-effective confirmatory serological tests, similar standardized tools are not widely available for detecting asymptomatic infection, which can be 4 to 20 times more prevalent than active disease. A simple and accurate serological test that is capable of detecting asymptomatic
L. donovani
infection will be useful for surveillance programs targeting VL control and elimination. To address this unmet need, we evaluated recombinant antigens for their ability to detect serum antibodies in 104 asymptomatic
L. donovani
-infected individuals (qualified as positive for
L. donovani
-specific antibodies by direct agglutination test [DAT]) from the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh where VL is hyperendemic. The novel proteins rKR95 and rTR18 possessed the greatest potential and detected 69% of DAT-positive individuals, with rKR95 being more robust in reactivity. Agreement in results for individuals with high DAT responses, who are more likely to progress to VL disease, was 74%. When considered along with rK39, a gold standard antigen that is used to confirm clinical diagnosis of VL but that is now becoming widely used for surveillance, rKR95 and rTR18 conferred a sensitivity of 84% based on a theoretical combined estimate. Our data indicate that incorporating rKR95 and rTR18 with rK39 in serological tests amenable to rapid or high-throughput screening may enable simple and accurate detection of asymptomatic infection. Such tests will be important tools to measure
L. donovani
infection rates, a primary goal in surveillance and a critical measurement with which to assess elimination programs.