bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the “solid turbulence” of sea ice dynamics down to unprecedented small scales
Authors: Weiss Jérôme 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSea ice decline is an essential player, as well as an emblematic signature, of global warming. Besides sea surface temperature rising, sea ice drift, and deformation play a major role on the observed negative mass balance, thus calling for a deeper understanding of sea ice mechanics. Over the last decades, drifters and satellite data allowed a detailed characterization of sea ice kinematics, however limited by relatively coarse space (∼10 km) and time (∼ day) resolutions. A new work allows bridging the gap between these large scales and fundamental ice physics and mechanics.
The OCO‐2 oxygen A‐band response to liquid marine cloud properties from CALIPSO and MODIS
Authors: Richardson Mark , McDuffie James , Stephens Graeme L. , Cronk Heather Q. , Taylor Tommy E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpectra of reflected sunlight in the oxygen A‐band contain information about cloud properties such as cloud top pressure, optical depth, and pressure thickness. Here we show, for the first time, that high‐spectral‐resolution A‐band Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) spectra respond largely as simulated to the optical properties of water clouds over ocean during November 2015 (N = 184,318) using input cloud properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua and the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization on Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). In A‐band continuum channels the standard deviation of simulated minus observed radiance is ±37%. Selecting horizontally homogeneous clouds to mitigate three‐dimensional cloud effects and collocation error with the other satellites, the standard deviation of the residuals is reduced to ±18%. Using a look‐up table developed from simulations, OCO‐2's estimated cloud top pressure for low clouds (Ptop > 680 hPa) has a standard deviation of ±61 hPa relative to CALIPSO retrievals, and bias is dependent on assumed cloud pressure thickness, with our smallest value being −5 hPa. Versus MODIS optical depth, the standard deviation is ±9.0 and the bias is −2.0, although these shrink for clouds of τ < 30. These values include collocation error between the different satellites, meaning that they place an upper bound on the OCO‐2 retrieval uncertainty. The theoretical precision limit from OCO‐2's instrumental uncertainty is shown to be ±2.4 hPa in above‐cloud path and ±0.2% in optical depth for a two‐channel retrieval. Options for retrieving cloud optical depth, cloud top pressure, and pressure thickness are discussed in the context of a formal OCO‐2 cloud property retrieval.
Therapeutic analysis of Intrabeam‐based intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of unicentric breast cancer lesions utilizing a spherical target volume model
Authors: Schwid Madeline , Donnelly Eric D. , Zhang Hualin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is postulated that the outcomes in treating breast cancer with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) would be affected by the residual cancer cell distribution within the tumor bed. The three‐dimensional (3D) radiation doses of IntrabeamTM (IB) IORT with a 4‐cm spherical applicator at the energy of 50 and 40 kV were calculated. The modified linear quadratic model (MLQ) was used to estimate the radiobiological responses of the cancer cells and interspersed normal tissues with various radiosensitivities. By comparing the average survival fraction of normal tissues in IB‐IORT and uniform dose treatment for the same level of cancer cell killing, the therapeutic ratios (TRs) were derived. The equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was found to increase with the prescription dose and decrease with the cancer cell infiltrating distance. For 50 kV beam at the 20 Gy prescription dose, the EUDs are 18.03, 16.49 and 13.56, 11. 29, and 9.28 Gy respectively, for 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 9, and 15.0 mm of the cancer cell infiltrating distance into surrounding tissue. The dose rate of 50 kV is at least 1.87× higher than that of 40 kV beam. The EUDs of 50 kV beam are up to 15% higher than that of the 40 kV beam. The TR increases with the prescription dose, but decreases with the distance of cancer cell infiltration distance. Average TRs of 50 kV beam are up to 30% larger than that of 40 kV beam. In conclusion, IB‐IORT can provide a possible therapeutic advantage on sparing more normal tissue compared with the External Beam IORT (EB‐IORT) for shallowly populated unicentric breast lesion. Our data suggest that IB‐IORT dose size should be adjusted based on the individual patient's cancer cell infiltrating distance for delivering an effective dose, one dose‐fits‐all regimen may have undertreated some patients with large cancer infiltrating distance.
Mucin Coatings Prevent Tissue Damage at the Cornea–Contact Lens Interface
Authors: Winkeljann Benjamin , Boettcher Kathrin , Balzer Bizan N. , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith a prevalence of more than 10%, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (commonly known as dry eye syndrome) is one of the most frequent forms of ocular diseases; among contact lens wearers, this condition occurs even more often. Key components of the protective tear film are mucins, large glycoproteins that serve as molecular lubricants on many epithelial body surfaces. It is likely that, in the absence of a proper mucinous lubrication layer on the cornea surface, increased friction and tissue damage induced by contact lens sliding lead to discomfort. Herein, it is shown that purified gastric mucins efficiently prevent damage on the cornea, when they are used as a solution for cornea lubrication or as a molecular layer for contact lens coating. Furthermore, these results suggest that such a mucin coating also improves the performance of state‐of‐the‐art hydrogel lenses, which are designed to provide an auto‐lubrication mechanism upon contact with the eye. Thus, eye drops or contact lens storage solutions containing purified gastric mucins could be a great tool in fighting ocular dryness.
High‐Performance Lithium‐Oxygen Battery Electrolyte Derived from Optimum Combination of Solvent and Lithium Salt
Authors: Ahn Su Mi , Suk Jungdon , Kim Do Youb , Kang Yongku , Kim Hwan Kyu , Kim Dong Wook 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo fabricate a sustainable lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) battery, it is crucial to identify an optimum electrolyte. Herein, it is found that tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) form the optimum electrolyte, which greatly reduces the overpotential at charge, exhibits superior oxygen efficiency, and allows stable cycling for 100 cycles. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) analyses reveal that neat TMS is stable to oxidative decomposition and exhibit good compatibility with a lithium metal. But, when TMS is combined with typical lithium salts, its performance is far from satisfactory. However, the TMS electrolyte containing LiNO3 exhibits a very low overpotential, which minimizes the side reactions and shows high oxygen efficiency. LSV‐DEMS study confirms that the TMS‐LiNO3 electrolyte efficiently produces NO2−, which initiates a redox shuttle reaction. Interestingly, this NO2−/NO2 redox reaction derived from the LiNO3 salt is not very effective in solvents other than TMS. Compared with other common Li‐O2 solvents, TMS seems optimum solvent for the efficient use of LiNO3 salt. Good compatibility with lithium metal, high dielectric constant, and low donicity of TMS are considered to be highly favorable to an efficient NO2−/NO2 redox reaction, which results in a high‐performance Li‐O2 battery.
Role of tissue eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis–associated olfactory loss
Authors: Hauser Leah J. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Li Ping , Turner Justin H. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is 1 of the hallmark symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Eosinophilic inflammation has been implicated as a potential causative factor. However, prior studies have been limited by retrospective study designs, concomitant use of systemic corticosteroids, and other confounding factors.MethodsCRS and healthy non‐CRS control subjects undergoing endoscopic sinus or skull‐base surgery were prospectively enrolled and completed olfactory testing utilizing the 40‐item Smell Identification Test (SIT) immediately prior to surgery. Histopathological evaluation of tissue excised from the ethmoid bulla was performed by a pathologist in a blinded fashion. Disease severity and patient‐reported outcomes were measured via the Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) grading system and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), respectively. The associations between olfactory function, tissue eosinophilia, and disease severity were analyzed using Spearman rank order correlation and multiple linear regression.ResultsTwenty‐seven (27) subjects with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), 32 subjects with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and 10 healthy non‐CRS controls were enrolled. CRSwNP was associated with higher mean tissue eosinophil counts (71.6 vs 28.1 eosinophils/high‐power field [HPF], p < 0.05) and lower age/sex‐adjusted SIT scores (−17.4 vs −6.2, p < 0.001) when compared to CRSsNP. SIT scores were strongly negatively correlated with tissue eosinophil counts in CRSwNP (r = −0.60, p = 0.0003), but not CRSsNP (r = 0.16, p = 0.42). The correlation between olfactory function and tissue eosinophilia in CRSwNP persisted after adjusting for disease severity.ConclusionTissue eosinophilia is associated with olfactory loss in CRSwNP, independent of disease severity. These results suggest a possible role for eosinophils or eosinophil‐associated cytokines in CRS‐associated olfactory loss.
Solid‐State Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Aragonite Captured by CryoTEM
Authors: Walker Jessica M. , Marzec Bartosz , Nudelman Fabio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEarly‐stage reaction mechanisms for aragonite‐promoting systems are relatively unknown compared to the more thermodynamically stable calcium carbonate polymorph, calcite. Using cryoTEM and SEM, the early reaction stages taking place during aragonite formation were identified in a highly supersaturated solution using an alcohol–water solvent, and an overall particle attachment growth mechanism was described for the system. In vitro evidence is provided for the solid‐state transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate to aragonite, demonstrating the co‐existence of both amorphous and crystalline material within the same aragonite needle. This supports non‐classical formation of aragonite within both a synthetic and biological context.
Dendritic Hematite Nanoarray Photoanode Modified with a Conformal Titanium Dioxide Interlayer for Effective Charge Collection
Authors: Luo Zhibin , Wang Tuo , Zhang Jijie , Li Chengcheng , Li Huimin , Gong Jinlong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the introduction of a thin titanium dioxide interlayer that serves as passivation layer and dopant source for hematite (α‐Fe2O3) nanoarray photoanodes. This interlayer is demonstrated to boost the photocurrent by suppressing the substrate/hematite interfacial charge recombination, and to increase the electrical conductivity by enabling Ti4+ incorporation. The dendritic nanostructure of this photoanode with an increased solid–liquid junction area further improves the surface charge collection efficiency, generating a photocurrent of about 2.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) under air mass 1.5G illumination. A photocurrent of approximately 3.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE could be achieved by addition of an iron oxide hydroxide cocatalyst.
Structural Revision and Biomimetic Synthesis of Goupiolone B
Authors: Matsuo Yosuke , Yoshida Ayane , Saito Yoshinori , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGoupiolones A and B are unique phenolic compounds with significant DNA‐damaging activity. In this study, the structure of goupiolone B was revised on the basis of DFT calculations of the 13C NMR chemical shifts and biosynthetic considerations. The dibenzobicyclo[3.2.2]nonane skeleton of the revised structure suggested that goupiolone B was produced by oxidative coupling between catechol and goupiolone A, which was strongly supported by biomimetic synthesis. Furthermore, racemization of goupiolone B was observed during the attempted resolution of its racemic mixture. A plausible racemization mechanism involving α‐ketol rearrangement is proposed.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjunctive Cross‐Coupling of 9‐BBN Borates
Authors: Chierchia Matteo , Law Chunyin , Morken James P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCatalytic enantioselective conjunctive cross‐coupling between 9‐BBN borate complexes and aryl electrophiles can be accomplished with Ni salts in the presence of a chiral diamine ligand. The reactions furnish chiral 9‐BBN derivatives in an enantioselective fashion and these are converted to chiral alcohols and amines, or engaged in other stereospecific C−C bond forming reactions.
Precisely Designed Isopeptide Bridge‐Crosslinking Endows Artificial Hydrolases with High Stability and Catalytic Activity under Extreme Denaturing Conditions
Authors: Bai Yu , Wang Chao , Liang Guodong , Lai Wenqing , Xue Huifang , Ling Yanbo , Cheng Maosheng , Liu Keliang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnzymes normally lose their activities under extreme conditions due to the dissociation of their active tertiary structure. If an enzyme could maintain its catalytic activity under non‐physiological or denaturing conditions, it might be used in more applications in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Recently, we reported a coiled‐coil six‐helical bundle (6HB) structure as a scaffold for designing artificial hydrolytic enzymes. Here, intermolecular isopeptide bonds were incorporated to enhance the stability and activity of such biomolecules under denaturing conditions. These isopeptide bridge‐tethered 6HB enzymes showed exceptional stability against unfolding and retained or even had increased catalytic activity for a model hydrolysis reaction under thermal and chemical denaturing conditions. Thus, isopeptide bond‐tethering represents an efficient route to construct ultrastable artificial hydrolases, with promising potential to maintain biocatalysis under extreme conditions.
WDOP‐based Summation Inequality and its Application to Exponential Stability of Linear Delay Difference Systems
Authors: Zhang Xian , Shang Wanzhen , Wang Yantao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the exponential stability analysis of linear delay difference systems. Firstly, a set of weighted discrete orthogonal polynomials (WDOPs) is established by using the Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization process, and then two WDOPs‐based summation inequalities, including some existing summation inequalities as special cases, are developed. Secondly, these WDOPs‐based summation inequalities are applied to investigate the exponential stability criteria and explicit exponential estimates of solutions of linear delay difference systems. Finally, two numerical examples indicate that the proposed WDOPs‐based approach can derive the exponential stability condition with larger decay rate than the existing ones.
Catalytic Mechanism of the Hotdog‐Fold Thioesterase PA1618 Revealed by X‐ray Structure Determination of a Substrate‐Bound Oxygen Ester Analogue Complex
Authors: Latham John A. , Ji Tianyang , Matthews Kaila , Mariano Patrick S. , Allen Karen N. , Dunaway‐Mariano Debra 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThioesterase activity accounts for the majority of the activities in the hotdog‐fold superfamily. The structures and mechanisms of catalysis for many hotdog enzymes have been elucidated by X‐ray crystallography and kinetics to probe the specific substrate usage and cellular functions. However, structures of hotdog thioesterases in complexes with substrate analogues reported to date utilize ligands that either represent truncations of the substrate or include additional atoms to prevent hydrolysis. Here we present the synthesis of an isosteric and isoelectronic substrate analogue—benzoyl‐OdCoA—and the X‐ray crystal structure of a complex of the analogue with Pseudomonas aeruginosa hotdog thioesterase PA1618 (at 1.72 Å resolution). The complex is compared with that of the “imperfect” substrate analogue phenacyl‐CoA, refined to a resolution of 1.62 Å. Kinetic and structural results are consistent with Glu64 as the catalytic residue and with the involvement of Gln49 in stabilization of the transition state. Structural comparison of the two ligand‐bound structures revealed a crucial ordered water molecule coordinated in the active site of the benzoyl‐OdCoA structure but not present in the phenacyl‐CoA‐bound structure. This suggests a general base mechanism of catalysis in which Glu64 activates the coordinated water nucleophile. Together, our findings reveal the importance of a closely similar substrate analogue to determine the true substrate binding and catalytic mechanism.
Intrauterine exposure to oestradiol promotes sex‐specific differential effects on the prostatic development of neonate gerbils
Authors: Sanches Bruno D. A. , Maldarine Juliana S. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Pinto‐Fochi Maria E. , Antoniassi Julia Q. , Góes Rejane M. , Vilamaior Patrícia S. L. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe effects of intrauterine exposure to 17β‐oestradiol (E2) are well studied for the male prostate and there are accumulating evidences that the exposure to high dosages leads to a hypomorphic development. However, there is a lack of information about the effects of intrauterine exposure to E2 in the prostate of rodent females, and such research becomes relevant in view of the presence of functional prostate in a proportion of women, and the morphophysiological similarities between the prostate of female rodents and the prostate of women. This study uses histochemical, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to E2 (500 BW/d) on neonatal prostate development in both male and female gerbils. It was verified that intrauterine exposure to E2 promotes epithelial proliferation and growth of prostatic budding in females, whereas in males the prostatic budding shows hypomorphic growth in the VMP (Ventral Mesenchymal Pad) as well as reduced epithelial proliferation. Together, the data demonstrate that intrauterine exposure to E2 causes different effects on male and female prostates of the gerbil even at the early postnatal development of the gland.
First patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 in Poland
Authors: Bogucki Piotr , Sobczyńska‐Tomaszewska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageSPG 8 is an autosomal dominant HSP, which phenotype results from KIAA0196 gene mutations. There have been twelve types of KIAA0196 mutations described in HGMD, which are located in conservative region of gene encoding strumpellin. We describe first patient in Poland, simultaneously second in the world with KIAA0196 mutation – p.V620A.
Silver‐Doped Cobalt (Magnesium) Aluminum Mixed Metal Oxides as Potential Catalysts for Nitrous Oxide Decomposition
Authors: Jabłońska Eng. Magdalena , Buselli Lorenzo , Nocuń Eng. Marek , Palkovits Regina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractN2O is a potent greenhouse gas released among others in nitric and adipic acid production as well as from stationary and mobile combustion sources. A catalytic decomposition is highly attractive but requires catalysts active over a broad temperature range and in the presence of inhibiting compounds such as NO and O2. Ag‐doped Co‐(Mg)‐Al‐Ox mixed metal oxides obtained by the coprecipitation of metal nitrate precursors followed by calcination were evaluated as potential catalysts for N2O decomposition (deN2O) also in the presence of NO and/or O2. Ag integration during synthesis proved to be essential for superior catalytic activity. The catalyst with the optimum composition, AgCo3Al‐Ox (Co/Al=3:1 mol %, 1.0 wt % Ag), achieved full N2O conversion at 350 and 450 °C under N2O/N2 and N2O/NO/O2/N2 conditions, respectively. Catalyst characterization, with a focus on H2 temperature‐programmed reduction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, evidenced that abundant Ag0 on the surface of (1.0–2.8 wt %)AgCo3Al‐Ox enhanced the reduction of cobalt spinels to enable the superior catalytic performance.
Mesoporous Ni(OH)2/CeNixOy Composites Derived Ni/CeNixOy Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Dou Jian , Bao Zhenghong , Yu Fei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDesigning stable nickel‐based catalysts is critical for dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide (DRM) to produce fuels and chemicals. Herein, mesoporous Ni(OH)2/CeNixOy composites were prepared by a one‐pot hydrothermal synthetic route. Aggregation of Ni(OH)2 nanoplates and CeNixOy nanocrystals generates mesopores from the void space and creates a surface area as high as 138 m2 g−1. With the Ni content in the range of 0.7–12.5 %, the mesoporous structure is stable after reduction with the highest surface area as 94 m2 g−1. Reduction of Ni(OH)2/CeNixOy composites at 500 °C converts Ni(OH)2 nanoplates into Ni nanoparticles. The size of the reduced Ni nanoparticles was controlled from 10 to 140 nm by adjusting the Ni loading from 0.7 to 42.7 %. The catalysts with Ni/(Ni+Ce) ratios of 0.4 and 0.5, 0.4 Ni/CeNixOy and 0.5 Ni/CeNixOy, respectively, exhibit enhanced catalytic performance for DRM reaction with their activities 3–5 times as high as those of 0.6 Ni/CeNixOy and 0.8 Ni/CeNixOy catalysts, owing to the good dispersion of 10 nm Ni nanoparticles within mesoporous CeNixOy. Furthermore, the 0.5 Ni/CeNixOy catalyst is very stable for DRM for 140 h. The robust stability of 0.5 Ni/CeNixOy catalyst possibly stems from the strong interactions between Ni nanoparticles and the CeNixOy surface, which stabilize Ni nanoparticles during DRM reaction.
Two‐Step Deposition/Reduction Synthesis of Porous Lamellar β‐Ni(OH)2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites with Large Capacitance for Supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Shuxia , Lu Chunxiang , Li Ying , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNi(OH)2/RGO composite are synthesized though a facile two‐step method, in which the Ni(OH)2 deposition and GO reduction processes take place separately. The present methods promote the deposition of more Ni(OH)2 and full utilization of RGO, owing to the high reactivity, good solubility, and dispersity of GO. Moreover, the utilization of additives is avoided. The Ni(OH)2/RGO synthesized by using the two‐step method shows a uniform porous lamellar structure with a high specific surface area. When employed as a supercapacitor electrode material, the Ni(OH)2/RGO composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2877 F g−1, long cycle life with capacitance retention of 86.5 % after 4000 cycles, and high energy density of 120.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.14 kW kg−1. The Ni(OH)2/RGO composite prepared by using the two‐step method in this work shows 11.8–85.1 % higher specific capacitances than composites fabricated by using the other method. The excellent performances and the facile synthesis method highlight the promising potential of the present Ni(OH)2/RGO composite in supercapacitor applications.