bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An economic analysis of immediate delivery and expectant monitoring in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation (HYPITAT‐II)
Authors: van Baaren G‐J , Broekhuijsen K , van Pampus MG , Ganzevoort W , Sikkema JM , Woiski MD , Oudijk MA , Bloemenkamp KWM , Scheepers HCJ , Bremer HA , Rijnders RJP , van Loon AJ , Perquin DAM , Sporken JMJ , Papatsonis DNM , van Huizen ME , Vredevoogd CB , Brons JTJ , Kaplan M , van Kaam AH , Groen H , Porath M , van den Berg PP , Mol BWJ , Franssen MTM , Langenveld J ,   the HYPITAT‐II Study Group
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the economic consequences of immediate delivery compared with expectant monitoring in women with preterm non‐severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.DesignA cost‐effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial (HYPITAT‐II).SettingObstetric departments of seven academic hospitals and 44 non‐academic hospitals in the Netherlands.PopulationWomen diagnosed with non‐severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between 340/7and 370/7 weeks of gestation, randomly allocated to either immediate delivery or expectant monitoring.MethodsA trial‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed from a healthcare perspective until final maternal and neonatal discharge.Main outcome measuresHealth outcomes were expressed as the prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome, defined as the need for supplemental oxygen for >24 hours combined with radiographic findings typical for respiratory distress syndrome. Costs were estimated from a healthcare perspective until maternal and neonatal discharge.ResultsThe average costs of immediate delivery (n = 352) were €10 245 versus €9563 for expectant monitoring (n = 351), with an average difference of €682 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI−€618 to €2126). This 7% difference predominantly originated from the neonatal admissions, which were €5672 in the immediate delivery arm and €3929 in the expectant monitoring arm.ConclusionIn women with mild hypertensive disorders between 340/7and 370/7 weeks of gestation, immediate delivery is more costly than expectant monitoring as a result of differences in neonatal admissions. These findings support expectant monitoring, as the clinical outcomes of the trial demonstrated that expectant monitoring reduced respiratory distress syndrome for a slightly increased risk of maternal complications.Tweetable abstractExpectant management in preterm hypertensive disorders is less costly compared with immediate delivery.
Zinc finger protein rotund deficiency affects development of the thoracic leg in Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhou Chun‐Yan , Zha Xing‐Fu , Liu Hua‐Wei , Xia Qing‐You 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe insect limb develops from the imaginal disc or larval leg during metamorphosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development from the larval to the adult leg are poorly understood. Herein, we cloned the full length of a zinc finger gene rotund from Bombyx mori (Bmrn), which contained a 1419 bp open reading frame, and encoded a 473 amino acid protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses demonstrated that Bmrn was expressed at higher levels in the epidermis than in other tissues tested, and it showed a very high expression level during metamorphosis. Knock‐down of Bmrn produced defects in the tarsus and pretarsus, including the fusion and reduction of tarsomeres, and the developmental arrest of pretarsus. Our data showed that Bmrn is involved in the formation of the tarsus and pretarsus, whereas its homologous gene in Drosophila has been shown to affect three tarsal segments (t2–t4), suggesting that the remodeling of the leg has involved changes in the patterning of gene regulation during evolution.
Quantitative Analysis of Major Phytochemicals in Orthodox tea (Camellia sinensis), Oxidized under Compressed Air Environment
Authors: Panda Brajesh Kumar , Datta Ashis Kumar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study describes major changes in phytochemical composition of orthodox tea (Camellia sinensis var. Assamica) oxidized under compressed air (CA). The experiments for oxidation were conducted under air pressure (101, 202, and 303 kPa) for 150 min. Relative change in the concentrations of caffeine, catechins, theaflavins (TF), and thearubigins (TR) were analyzed. Effect of CA pressure was found to be nonsignificant in regulating caffeine concentration during oxidation. But degradation in different catechins as well as formation of different TF was significantly affected by CA pressure. At high CA pressure, TF showed highest peak value. TR was found to have slower rate of formation during initial phase of oxidation than TF. Even though the rate of TR formation was significantly influenced by CA, a portion of catechins remained unoxidized at end of oxidation. Except caffeine, the percent change in rate of formation or degradation were more prominent at 202 kPa.
Single‐Dose Interaction Study of the Arginine Vasopressin Type 1B Receptor Antagonist ABT‐436 and Alcohol in Moderate Alcohol Drinkers
Authors: Katz David A. , Locke Charles , Liu Wei , Zhang Jun , Achari Ramanuj , Wesnes Keith A. , Tracy Katherine A. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundABT‐436, a potent and selective arginine vasopressin (AVP) type 1B receptor (V1B) antagonist, has previously demonstrated basal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis attenuation in man. A V1B antagonist is hypothesized as an alcohol‐dependent treatment based on the role of the V1B receptor in stress regulation and the finding that stress is a trigger for relapse in alcoholics. A V1B antagonist has shown favorable effects in rat models of alcohol dependence. A single‐dose clinical study was conducted to assess the potential for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction between ABT‐436 and alcohol.MethodsTwenty moderate alcohol drinkers each received the 4 possible combinations of a single 1,000 mg ABT‐436 dose (or matching placebo) and a single 0.5 g/kg alcohol dose (or placebo for alcohol) in a double‐blind, randomized, 4‐period crossover study. Plasma ABT‐436 and blood alcohol levels were measured to assess pharmacokinetic interactions. A computerized cognitive test battery (CDR System), Bond–Lader Visual Analog Scales scales, and a postural stability test were used to measure the effects of alcohol and the potential interaction with ABT‐436. The pharmacologic effect of ABT‐436 was assessed by measuring serum cortisol.ResultsNeither ABT‐436 nor alcohol affected the blood levels of the other. Alcohol reduced performance on 2 of 5 CDR System composite variables (power of attention, p = 0.002; quality of secondary episodic memory, p < 0.001), and decreased postural stability (p = 0.043). ABT‐436 did not exacerbate those deleterious effects. ABT‐436 reduced serum cortisol (p < 0.001), and alcohol did not significantly diminish this expected effect on the HPA axis.ConclusionsNo pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction between ABT‐436 and alcohol was observed.
Neighborhood Context and Binge Drinking by Race and Ethnicity in New York City
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Ahern Jennifer , Galea Sandro , Keyes Katherine M. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundNeighborhood context is associated with binge drinking and has significant health, societal, and economic costs. Both binge drinking and neighborhood context vary by race and ethnicity. We examined the relations between neighborhood characteristics—neighborhood norms that are accepting of drunkenness, collective efficacy, and physical disorder—and binge drinking, with a focus on examining race and ethnic‐specific relationships.MethodsRespondent data were collected through 2005 random digit‐dial‐telephone survey for a representative sample of New York City residents; neighborhood data were based on the 2005 New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey. Participants were 1,415 past‐year drinkers; Whites (n = 877), Blacks (n = 292), and Hispanics (n = 246). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate population average models.ResultsFor the overall sample, neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with greater binge drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.37); collective efficacy and physical disorder were not significant. However, when examining this by race/ethnicity, greater collective efficacy (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.91) and greater physical disorder (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.93) were associated with less binge drinking for Whites only. Neighborhood norms that were more accepting of drunkenness were associated with binge drinking among Whites (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.38) and, while not significant (perhaps due to power), the associations were similar for Hispanics (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.68) and slightly lower for Blacks (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.84).ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that neighborhood characteristics and binge drinking are shaped, in part, by factors that vary across race/ethnicity. Thus, disaggregating data by race/ethnicity is important in understanding binge drinking behaviors.
Incorporating regional‐scale ecological knowledge to improve the effectiveness of large‐scale conservation programmes
Authors: Kay G. M. , Barton P. S. , Driscoll D. A. , Cunningham S. A. , Blanchard W. , McIntyre S. , Lindenmayer D. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLand‐stewardship programmes are a major focus of investment by governments for conserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. These programmes are generally large‐scale (e.g. >1000 km) spanning multiple biogeographic regions but developed using spatially limited (e.g. landscape‐scale; <100 km) ecological data interpolated across broad areas for one, or a few, well‐studied taxonomic groups. Information about how less‐studied taxa respond to regional differences in management and environmental effects has potential to further inform land‐stewardship conservation programmes, but suitable data sets are rarely available. In this study, we sought to enhance planning of large‐scale conservation programmes by quantifying relationships between reptile assemblages and key environmental attributes at regional scales within a large‐scale (>172 000 km2) Australian land‐stewardship programme. Using 234 remnant woodland monitoring sites spanning four distinct biogeographic regions, we asked: Do reptile assemblages show different environmental associations across biogeographically distinct regions? We found that environmental features important to reptile diversity differed over each region. Abundance and rare species richness of reptiles responded at regional‐scales to elevation, native groundcover and aspect. We identified four implications from our study: (1) large‐scale conservation schemes can achieve better outcomes for reptiles using regional‐scale knowledge of environmental associations; (2) regional‐scale knowledge is particularly valuable for conservation of rare reptile taxa; (3) consideration of abiotic environmental features which cannot be directly managed (e.g. aspect, elevation) is important; (4) programmes can be tailored to better support reptile groups at higher conservation risk. Our study shows that reptile‐environment associations differ among biogeographic regions, and this presents opportunity for tailoring stronger policy and management strategies for conserving large‐scale agricultural landscapes globally.
Aberrant interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in heroin‐dependent individuals
Authors: Qiu Ying‐wei , Jiang Gui‐hua , Ma Xiao‐fen , Su Huan‐Huan , Lv Xiao‐fei , Zhuo Fu‐zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractModels of heroin addiction emphasize the role of disrupted frontostriatal circuitry supporting cognitive control processes. However, heroin addiction‐related alterations in functional and structural interactions among brain regions, especially between the cerebral hemispheres, are rarely examined directly. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches, which reveal patterns of coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI signal, offer a means to quantify directly functional interactions between the hemispheres. The corpus callosum (CC), which connects homologous regions of the cortex, is the major conduit for information transfer between the cerebral hemispheres and represents a structural connectivity index between hemispheres. We compared interhemispheric voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and CC volume between 45 heroin dependent‐individuals (HDIs) and 35 non‐addict individuals. We observed significant reduction of VMHC in a number of regions, particularly the striatum/limbic system regions, and significant decrease in splenium and genu sub‐regions of CC in HDI. Importantly, within HDI, VMHC in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) correlated with genu CC volume, VMHC in the putamen, VMHC in the DLPFC and genu CC volume and splenium CC volume were negatively correlated with heroin duration and impulsivity traits. Further analyses demonstrated that impairment of VMHC of bilateral DLPFC partially mediated the association between genu CC volumes decreased and increased impulsivity in HDI. Our results reveal a substantial impairment of interhemispheric coordination in the HDI. Further, interhemispheric connectivity correlated with the duration of heroin abuse and higher impulsivity behavior in HDI. Our findings provide insight into a heroin addicts' related pathophysiology and reinforce an integrative view of the interhemispheric cerebral functional and structural organization.
The effect of bleaching gel and (940 nm and 980 nm) diode lasers photoactivation on intrapulpal temperature and teeth whitening efficiency
Authors: Al‐Karadaghi Tamara S. , Al‐Saedi Asmaa A. , Al‐Maliky Mohammed A. , Mahmood Ali S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis in vitro study aimed to investigate the whitening efficacy of 940 nm and 980 nm diode laser photoactivation in tooth bleaching by analysing pulp chamber temperature, as well as the change in tooth colour. Root canals of thirty extracted human lower premolars were prepared. Laserwhite* 20 bleaching agent containing 38% of hydrogen peroxide was photoactivated with 7 W output power of 940 nm and 980 nm diode lasers for 120 s. Bleaching gel reduced 27–29% of the temperature from reaching the pulp chamber. For shade assessment, only the groups photoactivated using diode lasers showed statistically significant differences from control group P < 0.001. Within the studied parameters, both 940 nm and 980 nm diode lasers produced a safe pulp temperature increase. Diode laser photoactivation of bleaching gel resulted in more efficient teeth whitening. Photoactivation with 940 nm diode laser yielded the highest change in colour with only minor increase in pulp chamber temperature.
Analysis of genes that influence sheep follicular development by different nutrition levels during the luteal phase using expression profiling
Authors: Luo F. , Jia R. , Ying S. , Wang Z. , Wang F. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryNutrition is an important factor that regulates reproductive performance of sheep and affects follicle development. However, the correlation between nutrition and follicle development is poorly understood at the molecular level. To study its possible molecular mechanisms, we performed expression profiling of granulosa cells isolated from sheep that were fed different levels of nutrition levels during the luteal phase. To do this, ewes received a maintenance diet (M), and their estrus was synchronized by intravaginal progestogen sponges for 12 days. Ewes were randomly divided into the short‐term dietary‐restricted group (R; 0.5 × M) and the nutrient‐supplemented group (S; 1.5 × M). RNA samples were extracted from granulosa cells. Transcriptome libraries from each group were constructed by Illumina sequencing. Among 18 468 detected genes, 170 genes were significantly differentially expressed, of which 140 genes were upregulated and 30 genes were downregulated in group S relative to group R. These genes could be candidates regulating follicular development in sheep. Gene Ontology, KEGG and clustering analyses were performed. Genes related to oocyte meiosis, such as ADCY7, were upregulated. We identified two important groups of related genes that were upregulated with improved nutrition: one group comprising the genes PTGS2, UCP2 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and the other group comprising interleukin‐1A and interleukin‐1B. The genes within each group showed similar expression patterns. Additionally, all five genes are involved in the reproduction process. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to validate the results of expression profiling. These data in our study are an abundant genomic resource to expand the understanding of the molecular and cellular events underlying follicle development.
Better way to measure ageing in East Asia that takes life expectancy into account
Authors: Scherbov Sergei , Sanderson Warren C , Gietel‐Basten Stuart 
Published: March 2016

AimThe aim of the study was to improve the measurement of ageing taking into account characteristics of populations and in particular changes in life expectancy.MethodUsing projected life tables, we calculated prospective old age dependency ratios (POADRs) to 2060, placing the boundary to old age at a moving point with a fixed remaining life expectancy (RLE) for all countries of East Asia.ResultsPOADRs grow less rapidly than old age dependency ratios (OADRs). For example, in the Republic of Korea, the OADR is forecast to increase from around 0.1 in 1980 to around 0.8 in 2060, while the POADR is forecast to increase from around 0.1 to 0.4 over the same period.ConclusionPolicy makers may wish to take into account the fact that the increases in measures of ageing will be slower when those measures are adjusted for changes in life expectancy.
Nurturing spiritual well‐being among older people in Australia: Drawing on Indigenous and non‐Indigenous way of knowing
Authors: Love Pettina , Moore Melissa , Warburton Jeni 
Published: March 2016

AimThe meaning of spiritual well‐being as a health dimension is often contested and neglected in policy and practice. This paper explores spiritual well‐being from both an Indigenous and a non‐Indigenous perspective.MethodWe drew on Indigenous and non‐Indigenous methodologies to explore the existing knowledge around spiritual well‐being and its relationship with health.ResultsThe Indigenous perspective proposed that spiritual well‐being is founded in The Dreaming, informs everyday relationships and can impact on health. The non‐Indigenous perspective suggested that spiritual well‐being is shaped by culture and religion, is of increased importance as one ages, and can improve coping and resilience stressors.ConclusionsSituating these perspectives side by side allows us to learn from both, and understand the importance of spirituality in people's lives. Further research is required to better address the spiritual well‐being/health connection in policy and practice.
Aged care managers' perceptions of staff preparedness for caring for older survivors of genocide and mass trauma in Australia: How prepared are aged care workers?
Authors: Teshuva Karen , Wells Yvonne 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate aged care managers' perceptions of staff preparedness for working with older people who experienced genocide or mass trauma earlier in their lives (referred to in this paper as ‘older survivors’).MethodsA survey of 60 aged care service managers was conducted (50% response rate). Trauma knowledge and skills scales with Cronbach's alpha scores of 0.74 and 0.90 respectively, were used. Scores across groups were compared using Student's t‐tests.ResultsThree‐quarters of the respondents reported that their agency had provided aged care services for older survivors. The majority of these managers perceived their staff to be moderately informed about trauma‐related issues and half rated staff trauma‐related skills positively. These ratings were positively associated with trauma‐related staff training, service type and service location.ConclusionResults suggest that, overall, managers perceive a need to improve aged care staff's preparedness for providing care for older survivors.
Factors affecting optimal nutrition and hydration for people living in specialised dementia care units: A qualitative study of staff caregivers' perceptions
Authors: Nell Debra , Neville Stephen , Bellew Roana , O'Leary Catherine , Beck Kathryn Louise 
Published: March 2016

AimTo explore the perceptions of staff caregivers regarding factors affecting optimal nutrition and hydration for individuals living in Specialised Dementia Care Units in New Zealand.MethodsQualitative descriptive study using a semi‐structured interview approach with 11 staff caregivers at two Specialised Dementia Care Units. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach.ResultsTwo main themes were identified. The first theme ‘It's about the individual’ encompassed individual factors such as appetite, food appeal, and cognitive and functional abilities. The second theme ‘It's about the environment’ encompassed factors relating to the dining environment, the social aspects to dining and the provision of support with mealtime activities.ConclusionsFactors affecting nutrition and hydration in people living with dementia are complex and inter‐related. Organisations providing specialised dementia care, their staff and foodservice providers should focus on both the individual and environment to ensure optimal nutrition and hydration for the people in their care.
Demodex mites in acne rosacea: reflectance confocal microscopic study
Authors: Turgut Erdemir Asli , Gurel Mehmet Salih , Koku Aksu Ayse Esra , Falay Tugba , Inan Yuksel Esma , Sarikaya Ebru 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDemodex mite density is emphasised in the aetiopathogenesis of acne rosacea. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been shown to be a good method for determining demodex mite density. The objective was to determine demodex mite density using RCM in acne rosacea patients and compare them with controls.MethodsIn all, 30 papulopustular rosacea (PPR) and 30 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) totally 60 acne rosacea patients and 40 controls, were enrolled in the study. The right cheek was selected for imaging and RCM was used for scanning. Ten images of 1000 × 1000 μm (total 10 mm2) area were scanned from adjacent areas. The numbers of follicles, infested follicles and mites were counted. The mean numbers of mites per follicle and infested follicles were calculated and compared in the patients and control groups.ResultsThe mean number of mites was 44.30 ± 23.22 in PPR, 14.57 ± 15.86 in ETR and 3.55 ± 6.48 in the control group (P < 0.001). The mean number of mites per follicle was 1.77 ± 0.90 in PPR, 0.57 ± 0.63 in ETR and 0.13 ± 0.23 in the control group (P < 0.001). The cut‐off for the mean number of mites for determining mite infestation was 0.17 and above.ConclusionsDemodex mite density was markedly increased in both ETR and PPR patients. It is believed that the presence of demodex mites plays an important role in rosacea aetiopathogenesis. Demodex mite treatment may reduce the severity of the disease and slow its progressive nature.