bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and implementation of a site-specific water quality limit for uranium in a high conservation value ecosystem
Authors: van Dam Rick A , Hogan Alicia C , Harford Andrew J 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Water quality guideline values (GVs) are a key tool for water quality assessments. Site-specific GVs, which incorporate data relevant to local conditions and organisms, provide a higher level of confidence that the GV will protect the aquatic ecosystem at a site compared to generic GVs. Site-specific GVs are, therefore, considered particularly suitable for sites of high sociopolitical or ecological importance. The present paper provides an example of the refinement of a site-specific GV for high ecological value aquatic ecosystems in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, Australia, to improve its site specificity and statistical robustness, thereby increasing confidence in its application. Uranium is a contaminant of concern for Ranger U mine, which releases water into Magela Creek and Gulungul Creek in Kakadu National Park. A site-specific GV for U has been applied, as a statutory limit, to Magela Creek since 2004 and to Gulungul Creek since 2015. The GV of 6 μg/L U was derived from toxicity data for 5 local species tested under local conditions. The acquisition of additional U data, including new information on the effect of DOC on U toxicity, enabled a revision of the site-specific U GV to 2.8 μg/L U and an ability to adjust the value on the basis of environmental concentrations of DOC. The revised GV has been adopted as the statutory limit, with the regulatory framework structured so the GV requires adjustment based on DOC concentration only when an exceedance occurs. Monitoring data for Magela Creek (2001–2013) and Gulungul Creek (2003–2013) downstream of the mine show that dissolved U has not exceeded 1 μg/L. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:765–777. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
A site-specific water quality limit for U was revised on the basis of new toxicity data and quantitative data on the influence of DOC. The revised U limit was 2.8 μg/L and can be adjusted on the basis of environmental DOC concentration. The U limit has been implemented in the regulatory framework for the Ranger U mine, surrounded by World Heritage– and Ramsar–listed wetlands, in northern Australia. This case study illustrates how site-specific water quality limits can be derived and implemented in a rigorous manner.
Doped 1D Nanostructures of Transition‐metal Oxides: First‐principles Evaluation of Photocatalytic Suitability
Authors: Zhukovskii Yu. F. , Piskunov S. , Lisovski O. , Bocharov D. , Evarestov R. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe splitting of water molecules under the influence of solar light on semiconducting electrodes is a clean and renewable source for the production of hydrogen fuel. Its efficiency depends on the relative position of the band‐gap edges or the induced defect levels with a proper band alignment relative to the redox H+/H2 and O2/H2O potentials. For example, TiO2 and ZnO bulk, as well as thick slabs (whose band gaps are ∼3.2–3.4 eV), can be active only for photocatalytic applications under UV irradiation (possessing ∼1 % solar energy conversion efficiency). Nevertheless, by adjusting the band gap through formation of nanostructures and further doping, the efficiency can be increased up to ∼15 % (for 2.0–2.2 eV band gap). We analyse results of DFT (density functional theory) calculations on TiO2 nanotubes and ZnO nanowires, both pristine and doped (e.g., by AgZn, CO, FeTi, NO and SO substitutes). To reproduce the energies of one‐electron states better, we have incorporated the Hartree‐Fock (HF) exchange into the hybrid DFT+HF Hamiltonian. Both the atomic and electronic structure of nanomaterials, simulated by us, are analysed to evaluate their photocatalytic suitability, including positions of the redox potential levels inside the modified band gap, the width of which corresponds to visible‐light energies. Analysis of the densities of states (DOS) for considered nanostructures clearly shows that photocatalytic properties can be significantly altered by dopants. The chosen hybrid methods of first‐principles calculations significantly simplify selection of suitable nanomaterials possessing the required photocatalytic properties under solar light irradiation.
Objective identification of dental abnormalities with multispectral fluorescence imaging
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Fält Pauli , Barman Ishan , Koistinen Arto , Dasari Ramachandra Rao , Kullaa Arja M. 
Published: December 2016

Sensitive methods that can enable early detection of dental diseases (caries and calculus) are desirable in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopic approaches have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their wealth of molecular information and lack of sample preparation requirements. In the present study, using multispectral fluorescence imaging, we have demonstrated that dental caries and calculus can be objectively identified on extracted tooth. Spectral differences among control, carious and calculus conditions were attributed to the porphyrin pigment content, which is a byproduct of bacterial metabolism. Spectral maps generated using different porphyrin bands offer important clues to the spread of bacterial infection. Statistically significant differences utilizing fluorescence intensity ratios were observed among three groups. In contrast to laser induced fluorescence, these methods can provide information about exact spread of the infection and may aid in long term dental monitoring. Successful adoption of this approach for routine clinical usage can assist dentists in implementing timely remedial measures.
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Modern trends in biophotonics for clinical diagnosis and therapy to solve unmet clinical needs
Authors: Krafft Christoph 
Published: December 2016

This contribution covers recent original research papers in the biophotonics field. The content is organized into main techniques such as multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic tomography, and their applications in the context of fluid, cell, tissue and skin diagnostics. Special attention is paid to vascular and blood flow diagnostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, tissue therapy, cell characterization, and biosensors for biomarker detection.
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Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in CFSv2 during Boreal summer and winter
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe simulation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) by a coupled model in the Indo‐Pacific region is examined in this study. The retrospective forecasts by the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) of National Centers of Environmental Prediction for the period 1982–2010 have been analysed and compared with observation. The leading Indian monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) during the boreal summer and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) during the boreal winter are extracted from daily precipitation anomalies in forecasts and observations by using a data‐adaptive method. The model forecasts from May initial conditions simulates the observed spatial structure, magnitude and the northward and eastward propagation of MISO reasonably well. Similar performance is also evident in the simulation of the eastward propagating MJO in forecasts from November initial conditions. In the simulation of both the MISO and MJO by the model, the zonal wind at lower level shows appropriate observed relation with the precipitation and coupling with convection. The observed phase relations between precipitation and low‐level relative vorticity and between precipitation and upper‐level divergence in the zonal and meridional propagations are captured by the model. However, the variance of the ISOs differs from observation in certain regions, and the phase of the ISOs exhibits wide differences among the ensemble members of the forecast and with the observation. Comparison with the earlier model, CFS version 1, shows that the space‐time structure and evolution of MISO and MJO are better simulated by CFSv2.
Videotaping of surgical procedures and outcomes following extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Paterson Catherine , McLuckie Sarah , Yew‐Fung Chin , Tang Benjie , Lang Stephen , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundVideo‐recording of emerging minimally invasive surgical procedures is likely to become an integral component of patient record‐keeping in the future for prostate cancer treatment. No prior work has shown the impact of videotaping of laparoscopic prostatectomy on patient outcomes. Our aim was to determine correlation between independent peer review of videotaping quality scores of extraperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy (ELRP) with complications, re‐admissions, functional, and early oncological outcomes.Study Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe conducted a single‐institution prospective cohort study comparing videotaping quality scores with the outcomes of ELRP in men with localized prostate cancer. Videotaping of surgical procedures were scored by two experienced laparoscopic surgeons using a validated scoring method. Validated record‐linkage methodology and self‐reported questionnaires were used to assess surgical complications, re‐admissions, functional, and oncological outcomes based on a common identifier called as community health index (CHI) number. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the different covariates with statistical significance considered at P < 0.05. Multivariate analyses assessed oncological outcomes (positive surgical margins/biochemical recurrence), post‐operative complications, and re‐admission into hospital following initial hospital discharge with quality of surgical procedure.Results200 men were recruited into the study. 51 (25.5%) participants had post‐operative complications. Record‐linkage methodology identified 18 (9%) participants had re‐admissions within 90 days of the procedure. 13 (6.5%) of these men required percutaneous drainage with hospital stay following re‐admissions ranged between 3 and 12 days. 10 (5.0%) participants had intra/peri‐operative complications. 23 (11.5%) men reported to primary care physicians for various indications. Higher quality surgical technique videotaped scores (assessed by independent peer review) had a significant correlation with early continence recovery at 3 months post‐procedure, (P = 0.013), but lost statistical significance with overall continence at 1 year. No statistical correlation was observed between videotaped scores and oncological outcomes (positive surgical margins/biochemical recurrence), post‐operative complications, and readmission into hospital.ConclusionsQuality of surgical procedure assessed by independent third party videotaping score predicted early resumption of continence following extraperitoenal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, however, it did not predict complications, oncological or functional outcome as assessed using patient reported outcomes at 12 months. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:1016–1023. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Fabrication of Poly(ε‐Caprolactone)‐Incorporated Bovine Serum Albumin/Calcium Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds by High Internal Phase Emulsion Templates
Authors: Hu Yang , Han Wenfang , Chen Yanling , Zou Ruixuan , Ouyang Yi , Zhou Wuyi , Yang Zhuohong , Wang Chaoyang 
Published: December 2016

In this work, the authors report an effective one‐pot method to prepare poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐incorporated bovine serum albumin (BSA)/calcium alginate/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite (NC) scaffolds by templating oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which includes alginate, BSA, and HAp in water phase and PCL in oil phase. The water phase of HIPEs is solidified to form hydrogels containing emulsion droplets via gelation of alginate induced by Ca2+ ions released from HAp. And the prepared hydrogels are freeze‐dried to obtain PCL‐incorporated porous scaffolds. The obtained scaffolds possess interconnected pore structures. Increasing PCL concentration clearly enhances the compressive property and BSA stability, decreases the swelling ratio of scaffolds, which assists in improving the scaffold stability. The anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen can be highly efficiently loaded into scaffolds and released in a sustained rate. Furthermore, mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells can successfully proliferate on the scaffolds, proving the biocompatibility of scaffolds. All results show that the PCL‐incorporated NC scaffolds possess promising potentials in tissue engineering application.
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A dynamic pricing algorithm for a network of virtual resources
Authors: Naudts Bram , Flores Mario , Mijumbi Rashid , Verbrugge Sofie , Serrat Joan , Colle Didier 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA service function chain (SFC) is an ordered combination of abstract network functions (eg, network address translation and a firewall) that together define a network service (eg, video on demand). In an SDN/NFV‐based architecture, SFCs are composed of virtual network functions that need to be mapped to physical network components. Because the mapping of an SFC may be possible by multiple competing infrastructure providers (InPs), price will be a key differentiating factor. The pricing algorithm is therefore essential towards revenue management, yet current static pricing approaches suffer from several limitations. Among others, they do not consider the characteristics of the requests or the current state of the physical network. Using historical data, market data, and the current state of the physical network we investigate whether it is possible to increase total revenue of an InP compared to traditional static pricing approaches. This paper proposes a dynamic pricing algorithm to determine (1) at which utilization level it is rewarding to charge a higher price for a particular resource and (2) the alternative price that should be charged.Our simulation results for 8 different setups show that the proposed heuristic outperforms a static pricing approach significantly (by 8‐85% points for the considered scenarios). As a consequence, the proposed approach can be considered as an alternative for static pricing approaches. Still, it is unclear how the total revenue of an InP is affected when multiple or all competitors use a dynamic pricing algorithm; this will therefore remain the focus of future work.
A reduced‐order representation of the Poincaré–Steklov operator: an application to coupled multi‐physics problems
Authors: Aletti Matteo , Lombardi Damiano 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis work investigates a model reduction method applied to coupled multi‐physics systems. The case in which a system of interest interacts with an external system is considered. An approximation of the Poincaré–Steklov operator is computed by simulating, in an offline phase, the external problem when the inputs are the Laplace–Beltrami eigenfunctions defined at the interface. In the online phase, only the reduced representation of the operator is needed to account for the influence of the external problem on the main system. An online basis enrichment is proposed in order to guarantee a precise reduced‐order computation. Several test cases are proposed on different fluid–structure couplings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telephone‐delivered individual cognitive behavioural therapy for cancer patients: An equivalence randomised trial
Authors: Watson M. , White C. , Lynch A. , Mohammed K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Telephone‐Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (T‐CBT) compared to CBT face to face treatment as usual (TAU‐CBT), in cancer patients with high psychological needs, in terms of mental health and coping.MethodA prospective randomised equivalence trial with Patient Reported Outcome (PRO's), measured pre‐ and post‐therapy including; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale: Helpless/Hopeless subscale only (MAC H/H), Checklist of Cancer Concerns (CLCC) and the Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ). A study‐specific Service Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) was include.ResultsAssessment of change scores, in n = 118 randomised patients referred for psychological care, indicate significant improvements (P < 0.01 or greater) for both therapy groups pre‐ and post‐therapy in HADS anxiety, depression and total scores and cancer concerns (CLCC). Overall, for the groups combined, there is a significant shift towards reduction of CCQ stress (P = 0.028) and worry (P = 0.003) post‐therapy when compared to baseline levels. Median number of therapy sessions was four. For cancer coping (CCQ) and for Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) there were significant change scores only for Positive Focus and Helpless/hopeless scores respectively, in the TAU‐CBT group. Although equivalence was not observed, the data demonstrate that T‐CBT was non‐inferior to TAU‐CBT.ConclusionsDelivery of CBT to patients with clinician identified high need can be offered according to patient choice without loss of mental health benefit. Both TAU‐CBT and T‐CBT are effective at reducing mental health problems on the specific outcome measures.
The development of spatial and memory circuits in the rat
Authors: Tan Hui Min , Wills Thomas Joseph , Cacucci Francesca 
Published: December 2016

We provide a concise review of recent studies related to the development of neural circuits supporting spatial navigation and memory in the rat. We chart the relative timeline of the emergence of the four main classes of spatially tuned neurons within the hippocampus and related limbic areas: head direction cells emerge earliest (postnatal day 12, P12), before the eyes of the rats are even open, followed by place cells and boundary responsive cells; grid cells emerge last, around the age of weaning (P21). The rate of maturation is unique to each type of neuron, with the head direction and grid cells showing rapid developmental spurts, in contrast to place cells, which show a more gradual trend of maturation. Interestingly, the emergence of allocentric spatial abilities occurs only after the full complement of spatial neurons becomes functional at P20–21, whereas associative processing in the place cell network is evident from as early as P16. We also present evidence supporting the view that the sensory inputs, which are particularly salient to adult spatial networks, may not be essential for the immature spatial system. Crucially, visual information, although more salient than other sensory modalities for anchoring the adult head direction system, does not appear to be essential for setting up the immature head direction network. We conclude by highlighting an urgent need for new theoretical models that can account for the sequential emergence of spatial cells, as well as the lack of primacy of vision in the early organization of the head direction network. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1424. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1424This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Behavior
Neuroscience > Development
Neuroscience > Physiology
Medical student resilience strategies: A&nbsp;content analysis of medical students’ portfolios
Authors: Prayson Richard A. , Bierer S. Beth , Dannefer Elaine F. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction Stress and burnout among medical students is a well-recognized concern. A student’s ability to employ resilience strategies to self-regulate behaviour is critical to the student’s future career as a physician.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed a sampling of year 1, 2 and 5 portfolio essays focused on the Personal Development competency and performance milestones, written by 49 students from three different classes in a 5-year programme devoted to training physician investigators. Two medical educators used a framework established by Jensen and colleagues (2008) to identify the nature and prevalence of various resilience strategies (valuing the physician role, self-awareness, personal arena, professional arena, professional support and personal support) medical students reported in portfolio essays.
Results All students documented at least one strategy in their essays each year. In all years, the most commonly documented strategies were in the personal arena (95.7% of year 1, 98% of year 2 and 87.8% of year 5 portfolios). The least frequently documented strategy in all years was professional support (42.8% of year 1, 38.8% of year 2, and 28.6% of year 5 portfolios). Year 5 portfolios discussed personal support strategies (79.6%) more frequently than year 1 (53.1%) and year 2 (59.2%) portfolios.
Discussion The results suggest that medical students can identify stressors and articulate resilience strategies that can be employed to potentially address them.
WWOOF Ecopedagogy: Linking ‘Doing’ to ‘Learning’
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWWOOF (Willing Workers On Organic Farms) is an increasingly popular form of ecotourism in Australia. An ethnographic study of 10 young adult international tourists was conducted at five rural Victorian WWOOF sites. The objective was to examine the participants’ nature experience. As part of the ethnographic study, this article selectively reports on the ecopedagogy at the WWOOF sites, focusing on the potential linking of spatio-sensory ‘doing’ in the environment and conceptual ‘learning’ about (including from, for, and with) the environment. The WWOOF environment is designed physically, materially, and naturally. These dimensions can be interpreted in overlapping spatial levels. Each spatial level partially correlates with the dominant bodily senses. By analysing the participants’ reflexive accounts of their WWOOF nature experience, this article suggests that their spatio-sensory ‘doing’ contributed to their environmental ‘learning’, which is categorised into three heuristic types. These are called symbolic, transpositional, and transformative. This study empirically and conceptually adds to the literature on experiential environmental learning with a possible ecopedagogical model of incorporating spatialised bodily senses in curriculum design.
Nonlinear Analysis of Twisted Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Yangui M. , Bouaziz S. , Taktak M. , Haddar M. , El-Sabbagh A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractModal analysis is developed in this paper in order to study the dynamic characteristics of rotating segmented blades assembled with spar. Accordingly, a three dimensional finite element model was built using the three node triangular shell element DKT18, which has six degrees of freedom, to model the blade and the spar structures. This study covers the effect of rotation speed and geometrically nonlinear problems on the vibration characteristics of rotating blade with various pretwist angles. Likewise, the effect of the spar in the blade is taken into consideration. The equation of motion for the finite element model is derived by using Hamilton's principle, while the resulting nonlinear equilibrium equation is solved by applying the Newmark method combined with the Newton Raphson schema. Results show that the natural frequencies increase by taking account of the spar, they are also proportional to the angular rotation speed and influenced by geometric nonlinearity and pretwist angle.