bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic, stem cell and molecular characterisation of the human induced membrane from extremity bone defects
Authors: Gruber H. E. , Ode G. , Hoelscher G. , Ingram J. , Bethea S. , Bosse M. J. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives The biomembrane (induced membrane) formed around polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers has value in clinical applications for bone defect reconstruction. Few studies have evaluated its cellular, molecular or stem cell features. Our objective was to characterise induced membrane morphology, molecular features and osteogenic stem cell characteristics. Methods Following Institutional Review Board approval, biomembrane specimens were obtained from 12 patient surgeries for management of segmental bony defects (mean patient age 40.7 years, standard deviation 14.4). Biomembranes from nine tibias and three femurs were processed for morphologic, molecular or stem cell analyses. Gene expression was determined using the Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software (GCOS). Molecular analyses compared biomembrane gene expression patterns with a mineralising osteoblast culture, and gene expression in specimens with longer spacer duration (> 12 weeks) with specimens with shorter durations. Statistical analyses used the unpaired student t-test (two tailed; p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results Average PMMA spacer in vivo time was 11.9 weeks (six to 18). Trabecular bone was present in 33.3% of the biomembrane specimens; bone presence did not correlate with spacer duration. Biomembrane morphology showed high vascularity and collagen content and positive staining for the key bone forming regulators, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Positive differentiation of cultured biomembrane cells for osteogenesis was found in cells from patients with PMMA present for six to 17 weeks. Stem cell differentiation showed greater variability in pluripotency for osteogenic potential (70.0%) compared with chondrogenic or adipogenic potentials (100% and 90.0%, respectively). Significant upregulation of BMP2 and 6, numerous collagens, and bone gla protein was present in biomembrane compared with the cultured cell line. Biomembranes with longer resident PMMA spacer duration (vs those with shorter residence) showed significant upregulation of bone-related, stem cell, and vascular-related genes. Conclusion The biomembrane technique is gaining favour in the management of complicated bone defects. Novel data on biological mechanisms provide improved understanding of the biomembrane’s osteogenic potential and molecular properties. Cite this article: Dr H. E. Gruber. Osteogenic, stem cell and molecular characterisation of the human induced membrane from extremity bone defects. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:106–115. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000483.
Prophylactic proton pump inhibitors in femoral neck fracture patients – A life - and cost-saving intervention
Authors: Singh R , Trickett R , Meyer CER , Lewthwaite S , Ford D 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Acute gastrointestinal stress ulceration is a common and serious complication of trauma. Prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine receptor antagonists have been used in poly-trauma, burns and head and spinal injuries, as well as on intensive care units, for the prevention of acute gastric stress ulcers. Methods We prospectively studied the use of prophylactic PPIs in with femoral neck fracture patients, gathering data on all acute gastric ulcer complications, including coffee-ground vomiting, malena and haematemesis. We then implemented a treatment protocol in which all patients were given prophylactic PPIs, again prospectively collecting all data. Results Five hundred and fifteen patients were included. Prior to prophylactic PPI, 15% of patients developed gastric stress ulcer complications, with 3% requiring acute intervention with oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), 5% requiring transfusions and 4% experiencing surgical delays. All patients had delayed discharges. Following PPI implementation, no patients developed gastric stress ulcer complications. Conclusions Femoral neck fracture patients create a substantial workload for orthopaedic units. The increasingly elderly population often have comorbidities, and concomitantly use medications with gastrointestinal side effects. This, combined with the stress of a fracture and preoperative starvation periods increases the risk of gastric ulcers. Here, the use of prophylactic PPIs statistically reduced the incidence of gastric stress ulcers in patients with femoral neck fractures, resulting in fewer surgical delays, reduced length of hospital stay and reduced stress ulcer-related mortality.
Serum albumin and fixation failure with cannulated hip screws in undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture
Authors: Riaz O , Arshad R , Nisar S , Vanker R 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Internal fixation of undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with cannulated hip screws is a widely accepted surgical technique, despite reported failure rates of 12%–19%. This study determined whether preoperative serum albumin levels are linked to fixation failure. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 251 consecutive undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture patients treated with cannulated hip screws in a district general hospital. Preoperative albumin levels were measured, and the fixation technique, classification and posterior tilt on radiography assessed. Fixation failure was defined as a screw cut, avascular necrosis (AVN) or non-union. Results Of the patients, 185 were female and 66 male. The mean age was 77 years (range 60–101 years). Thirty seven (15%) patients had fixation failure: 10 (4%) due to AVN; 12 (5%) due to non-union; and 15 (6%) due to fixation collapse. Low serum albumin levels were significantly associated with failure (p=0.01), whereas gender (p=0.56), operated side (p=0.62), age (p=0.34) and screw configuration (p=0.42) were not. A posterior tilt angle greater than 20° on lateral radiography significantly predicted failure (p=0.002). Conclusions Preoperative serum albumin is an independent predictor of cannulated hip screw fixation failure in undisplaced femoral neck fractures. Nutritional status should therefore be considered when deciding between surgical fixation and arthroplasty to avoid the possibility of revision surgery, along with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
Impact of a blood management protocol on transfusion rates and outcomes following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Frew N , Alexander D , Hood J , Acornley A 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Preoperative anaemia remains undertreated in the UK despite advice from national agencies to implement blood conservation measures. A local retrospective audit of 717 primary hip/knee replacements in 2008–2009 revealed 25% of patients were anaemic preoperatively. These patients experienced significantly increased transfusion requirements and length of stay. We report the results of a simple and pragmatic blood management protocol in a district general hospital. Methods Since 2010 patients at our institution who are found to be anaemic when listed for hip/knee replacement have been offered iron supplementation and/or erythropoietin depending on haemoglobin and ferritin levels. In this study, postoperative blood transfusions, length of stay and readmissions were assessed retrospectively for all patients undergoing elective primary hip/knee replacement in 2014 and compared with the baseline findings. Results During the 12-month study period, 406 patients were eligible for inclusion and none were excluded. Eighty-nine patients (22%) were anaemic preoperatively and sixty-five received treatment. The transfusion rate fell from the baseline levels of 23.0% and 6.7% to 4.3% and 0.5% for hip and knee replacements respectively (p<0.001). The median length of stay reduced from 6 to 3 days (p<0.001) for both hip and knee replacements. The rate for readmissions within 90 days fell from 13.5% to 8.9% (p<0.05). Conclusions Preoperative anaemia is common in patients listed for hip/knee replacement and it is associated strongly with increased blood transfusion. The introduction of a blood management protocol has led to significant reductions in transfusion and length of stay, sustained over a four-year period. This suggests that improved patient outcomes, conservation of blood stocks and cost savings can be achieved.
Does chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine preoperative antisepsis reduce surgical site infection in cranial neurosurgery?
Authors: Davies BM , Patel HC 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Effective preoperative antisepsis is a recognised prophylactic, with commonly used agents including chlorhexidine (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PVI). However, there is emerging evidence to suggest an additional benefit when they are used in combination. Methods We analysed data from our prospective SSI database on patients undergoing clean cranial neurosurgery between October 2011 and April 2014. We compared the case-mix adjusted odds of developing a SSI in patients undergoing skin preparation with CGH or PVI alone or in combination. Results SSIs were detected in 2.6% of 1146 cases. Antisepsis with PVI alone was performed in 654 (57%) procedures, while 276 (24%) had CHG alone and 216 (19%) CHG and PVI together. SSIs were associated with longer operating time (p<0.001) and younger age (p=0.03). Surgery type (p<0.001) and length of operation (p<0.001) were significantly different between antisepsis groups. In a binary logistic regression model, CHG and PVI was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of developing an SSI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.63) than either agent alone. There was no difference in SSI rates between CHG and PVI alone (AOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.24–1.5). Conclusions Combination skin preparation with CHG and PVI significantly reduced SSI rates compared to CHG or PVI alone. A prospective, randomized study validating these findings is now warranted.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ВИДОВ ПТИЦ ОСТРОВОВ СИВАША
Authors: Matsyura A. V. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The problem of the mathematical analysis of dynamics of number of key colonial breeding waterbirds regarding to the islands of region is considered. The algorithm of an estimation of changes in number of birds is offered in scope of specific features of colonies and habitats. The data of long-term monitoring of island birds’ number have been analyzed according to proposed algorithm. On the basis of analysis results the necessity of use of the statistical indexes expressing the tendencies of changes in bird number and bird turnover is proved. For the key species of island communities the tendencies of changes in number are determined within the limits of researched region. The discussed technique of a complex estimation of breeding island bird dynamics is offered for the use at drawing up the management plans and development of nature protection actions with the purpose of conservation of bird diversity and their habitats.</p> <p><em>Key words: colonial birds, islands, dynamics of number, complex estimation</em></p> <p> </p>
РОЗРОБКА СПОСОБІВ ОТРИМАННЯ І АНАЛІЗ ФЕРМЕНТНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ ПЕРОКСИДАЗ ТА КАТАЛАЗ ДЕЯКИХ ВИДІВ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ
Authors: Fedotov O. V. , Voloshko T. E. 
Published: April 2016

<p>A method for obtaining of enzyme preparations of enzyme preparations (EP) of peroxidases and catalases fungal extracellular and inracellular origin from cultures of Basidiomycetes was developed. The strains <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> F-vv, <em>Agrocybe cylindracea</em> 167; <em>Fistulina hepatica</em> Fh-08 and <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> P-208 and P-01 were used as producers of oxidoreductases. Strains were grown on modified glucose-peptone media. Fractionation was carried out by salting out the enzymes with ammonium sulfate at 40-70% saturation of peroxidases and 80% of saturation - for catalase. These solutions protein fractions was further purified by dialysis and gel filtration on Molselekt granules G-50 and G-75. The enzyme solution was subjected to freeze-drying. The individual characteristics of the enzyme preparations were found. The individual characteristics of the enzyme preparations are the activity of enzymes, the protein content and amino-acid composition of enzyme preparations. It was established that strain <em>F. velutipes</em> F-vv was an active producer of intracellular and strain of <em>A. cylindracea</em> 167 was an active producer of extracellular peroxidase. The strains of <em>P. ostreatus</em> P-01 and P-208 were the active producers of extracellular catalase, and the strains of F. hepatica Fh-08 were active producers of intracellular catalase. The developed methods for producing of enzymes catalase and peroxidase preparations of extra-and intracellular origin provided new antioxidant enzymes, which have their own properties and application prospects in various sectors of industry and science research.</p> <p><em>Key words: Basidiomycetes, peroxidases, catalases, enzyme preparation.</em></p>
BIRDS’ FLIGHT ENERGY PREDICTIONS AND APPLICATION TO RADAR-TRACKING STUDY
Authors: Matsyura Alex , Jankowski Kazimierz , Matsyura Marina 
Published: April 2016

<p>In offered research, we propose to observe diurnal soaring birds to check, whether there the positions of birds in formations are such, that the wing tip interval and depth meet the predictions of aerodynamic theory for achievement of maximal conservation of energy or predictions of the hypothesis of communication. We also can estimate, whether adverse conditions of a wind influence the ability of birds to support formation. We can assume that windy conditions during flight might make precision flight more difficult by inducing both unpredictable bird and vortex positions. To this, we need to found change in wing-tip spacing variation with increasing wind speed, suggesting or rejecting that in high winds bird skeins maintained similar variation to that on calm days. The interrelation between variation of mean depth and wind speed should prove this hypothesis. Little is known about the importance of depth, but in high winds the vortex is likely to break up more rapidly and its location become unpredictable the further back a bird flies; therefore, a shift towards skeins with more regular depths at high wind speeds may compensate for the unpredictability of the vortex locations. Any significant relationship between the standard deviation of wing-tip spacing and wind speed suggests that wind has a major effect on optimal positioning.</p> <p>Results of proposed study will be used also as the auxiliary tool in radar research of bird migration, namely in research of flight features of soaring birds. It is extremely important to determine all pertinent characteristics of flock for model species, namely flocking birds.</p> <p><em>Kew words: birds, flock, radar, flight</em></p><p> </p>
Opportunities in Plutonium Metallurgical Research*
Authors: Schwartz Adam J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis is an exciting time to be involved in plutonium metallurgical research. Over the past few years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the fundamental materials science of this unusual metal, particularly in the areas of self-irradiation induced aging of Pu, the equilibrium phase diagram, the homogenization of δ-phase alloys, the crystallography and morphology of the α'-phase resulting from the isothermal martensitic phase transformation, and the phonon dispersion curves, among many others. In addition, tremendous progress has been made, both experimentally and theoretically, in our understanding of the condensed matter physics and chemistry of the actinides, particularly in the area of electronic structure. Although these communities have made substantial progress, many challenges still remain. This brief overview will address a number of important challenges that we face in fully comprehending the metallurgy of Pu with a specific focus on aging and phase transformations.
Study of association of family history and consanguinity with congenital hearing loss
Authors: B. H. Shrikrishna , G. Deepa 
Published: April 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Knowledge about the association of family history and consanguinity with congenital hearing loss is vital in order to prevent occurrence of such morbidity in future generations. The aim of the study was to find the strength of association between family history and consanguinity and congenital hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>A case control study was done using 50 congenitally deaf children and 50 children with normal hearing. A detailed history was taken from the parents with regard to family history of hearing loss and consanguinity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>In the case group, 28% children had a family history of hearing loss and in the control group; none had a family history of hearing loss. In the case group, 48% of the children had parents with consanguinity. In the control group, 28% of the children had parents with consanguinity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Family history and consanguinity play significant role in children having congenital hearing loss. Hence, avoidance of consanguineous marriages and pre-marital genetic counselling can prevent congenital hearing loss.</p>
Computed tomography of paranasal sinuses for early and proper diagnosis of nasal and sinus pathology
Authors: Verma Jagram , Tyagi Sushant , Srivastava Mohit , Agarwal Aman 
Published: April 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Pathological lesions of the paranasal sinuses include a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from inflammation to neoplasms both benign and malignant. Most patient of common cold present with symptoms of nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, headache and nasal allergy etc. The patient of paranasal mass usually present with facial deformity, swelling or repeated episodes of epistaxis. The aim of the study was to establish the role of CT in evaluation of pathologies and their proper early diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong> It is a prospective study. A total of 100 patients who were referred to our department with clinical suspicion of PNS disease underwent CT evaluation of PNS using 64 multi slice CT scanner from December 2012 to October 2015. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Out of 100 cases 51 (51%) cases were males and rest 49 (49%) patients were females. The majority of the cases were of age group 16-30 which were 37case (37%) The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction (50%), followed by nasal discharge (49%), headache in 20% cases. Most common anatomical variations seen was deviated nasal septum (49%) more commonly on right side next common was agger nasi in 48% of cases. Maxillary sinuses are most commonly involved in the study (82 cases), followed by the ethmoid sinuses (ant. group 77 cases, post group 40 case) and frontal sinus 55 cases. The most common pathology seen was masses in 30% cases followed by DNS in 21% cases. The most common form of mucosal thickening noted is circumferential type seen in 7% cases. The most common pathology involving the sinuses was sinusitis (30%) followed by polyp (25%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Most of the patients with PNS pathology were from 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> decade. Slight male preponderance was noted. Majority of the patients presented with nasal obstruction. Most common anatomical variant seen was DNS. Most common sinus involved was maxillary. Sinonasal pathologies were the most common followed by pure nasal or pure sinosal. The most common pathology was inflammatory (74%). The most common benign pathologies were polyps with 92% accuracy. 15% of cases had malignancy with diagnostic accuracy of 90%.</p>
PENGGUNAAN SPOOFING DAN SSH FORWARDING UNTUK KEAMANAN SERTA FILTRASI DATA PADA JARINGAN
Authors: Hariadi Selamet 
Published: April 2016

<p>Teknologi Internet memang sungguh fenomenal &amp; memberikan efek yang baik bagi penggunanya. Namun seiring perkembangannya, transportasi data melalui jaringan memang rawan disadap orang yang lain. Spoofing merupakan salah satu cara untuk melihat dan membuat backdoor dari sebuah jaringan. SSH Forwarding pada penggunaanya adalah pada efektivitas pengiriman data agar tepat pada data server atau client yang dituju. Penggabungan spoofing &amp; SSH Forwarding dimaksudkan agar data yang direquest dari client dapat lebih privasi atau menjaga sifat keamanan dan penggunaan spoofing pada server lokal ditujukan agak ada filtrasi data atau address yang akan disampaikan ke client yang meminta</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Internet, Spoofing, SSH Forwarding, Keamanan Data , Filtrasi Data</p>
MESIN PENCARI AYAT AL QURAN MENGGUNAKAN INEXACT STRING MATCHING
Authors: Anwar Agus Sofiyan , Abidin Zainal , Kusumawati Ririen 
Published: April 2016

<p>Dengan adanya teknologi digital, al Quran yang dahulu berupa teks manual sekarang sudah dapat dijumpai versi digitalnya. Hal tersebut memicu pengembangan perangkat lunak yang membantu mendapatkan informasi dari teks al Quran, seperti: pencarian ayat berdasarkan kata, frase maupun tema, terjemahan al Quran, tafsir al Quran. Dalam kaitannya dengan pencarian ayat berdasarkan kata atau frase, pada umumnya perangkat lunak yang ada menggunakan teknik exact string matching, yaitu teknik pencarian ayat yang sesuai dengan kata inputan secara tepat. Teknik tersebut sangat sesuai jika pemakai perangkat lunak mengetikkan kata atau frase yang akan dicari dengan benar. Tetapi jika pemakai salah dalam mengetikkan kata inputan, perangkat lunak tidak memberikan solusi atau kemungkinan-kemungkinan dari ayat yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini memadukan teknik stemming dan teknik exact string matching. Stemming berperan sebagai preprocessing untuk exact string matching. Stemming digunakan untuk menemukan kata dasar dari kata berimbuhan dengan cara menghilangkan semua imbuhan baik yang terdiri dari prefiks, sufiks, infiks, konfiks, transfiks, maupun interfiks, namun pada penelitian ini hanya menghilangkan prefiks dan sufiks saja, sebagai contoh jika kata berimbuhan adalah يسطرون maka kata dasarnya adalah سطر. Exact string matching adalah pencocokan string secara tepat dengan susunan karakter dalam string yang dicocokkan memiliki jumlah maupun urutan karakter yang sama, sebagai contoh kata سطر akan menunjukkan kecocokan hanya dengan kata سطر. Dalam kaitannya dengan pencarian ayat, hasil stemming akan digunakan sebagai kata kunci (keyword) pencarian pada database indeks al Quran. Perpaduan tersebut dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan hasil pencarian ayat, dan selanjutnya dapat dikategorikan sebagai teknik inexact string matching. Hasil uji coba membuktikan bahwa teknik inexact string matching dapat diimplementasikan untuk mendukung pencarian ayat al Quran dengan nilai F-measure tertinggi pada data uji coba adalah 100 % dan nilai F-measure terendah adalah 66.66 %. Uji coba juga membuktikan bahwa teknik inexact string matching lebih banyak memberikan solusi/kemungkinan dari ayat yang dimaksud dari pada teknik exact string matching.</p><p> </p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Arabic Stop Word, Arabic Stemming, Exact String Matching, Inexact Matching