bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender equality in academic research on epilepsy—a study on scientific authorships
Authors: Bendels Michael H. K. , Wanke Eileen , Schöffel Norman , Bauer Jan , Quarcoo David , Groneberg David A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in epilepsy research, analyzing the representation of female authorships from 2008 to 2016.MethodsGendermetrics aided in analyzing 106,282 authorships from 22,180 epilepsy‐related original research articles. The key methodology was the combined analysis of the relative frequency and the odds ratio of female authorships. The Prestige Index measures the distribution of prestigious authorships between the two genders.ResultsThe following were held by women: 39.6% of all authorships and 44.1% of the first, 41.0% of the co‐, and 29.0% of the last authorships. Female authors have an odds ratio of 1.25 (95% CI 1.21–1.29) for first, 1.17 (CI 1.14–1.20) for co‐, and 0.57 (CI 0.55–0.59) for last authorships. The female authorship ratios showed substantial growth in recent years, with an annual growth rate of 1.7% overall, with 2.4% for first, 1.4% for co‐, and 1.9% for last authorships. Women publish fewer articles compared to men (43.8% female authors hold 39.6% of the authorships). Women are also less likely to secure prestigious authorships in articles with many authors that attract the highest citation rates. Multi‐author articles with male key authors are cited slightly more frequently than articles with female key authors. Distinct differences at the country level were revealed. The prognosis for the next decade forecasts significantly increasing female odds for first authorships and only slightly higher female odds for last authorships. A female authorship ratio of 49.2% is predicted for the year 2026.SignificanceThe integration of women in the scientific field of epilepsy is advanced. However, a dichotomy is present: Although the current system promotes early career steps, there is an apparent lack of female research leaders. This structural imbalance is expected to grow in the next decade due to the consistently high increase of female early career researchers.
Environmental niches and metabolic diversity in Neoarchean lakes
Authors: Stüeken E. E. , Buick R. , Anderson R. E. , Baross J. A. , Planavsky N. J. , Lyons T. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe diversification of macro‐organisms over the last 500 million years often coincided with the development of new environmental niches. Microbial diversification over the last 4 billion years likely followed similar patterns. However, linkages between environmental settings and microbial ecology have so far not been described from the ancient rock record. In this study, we investigated carbon, nitrogen, and molybdenum isotopes, and iron speciation in five non‐marine stratigraphic units of the Neoarchean Fortescue Group, Western Australia, that are similar in age (2.78–2.72 Ga) but differ in their hydro‐geologic setting. Our data suggest that the felsic‐dominated and hydrologically open lakes of the Bellary and Hardey formations were probably dominated by methanogenesis (δ13Corg = −38.7 ± 4.2‰) and biologic N2 fixation (δ15Nbulk =−0.6 ± 1.0‰), whereas the Mt. Roe, Tumbiana and Kylena Formations, with more mafic siliciclastic sediments, preserve evidence of methanotrophy (δ13Corg as low as −57.4‰, δ13Ccarb as low as −9.2‰) and NH3 loss under alkaline conditions. Evidence of oxygenic photosynthesis is recorded only in the closed evaporitic Tumbiana lakes marked by abundant stromatolites, limited evidence of Fe and S cycling, fractionated Mo isotopes (δ98/95Mo = +0.4 ± 0.4‰), and the widest range in δ13Corg (−57‰ to −15‰), suggesting oxidative processes and multiple carbon fixation pathways. Methanotrophy in the three mafic settings was probably coupled to a combination of oxidants, including O2 and SO42‐. Overall, our results may indicate that early microbial evolution on the Precambrian Earth was in part influenced by geological parameters. We speculate that expanding habitats, such as those linked to continental growth, may have been an important factor in the evolution of life.
Predictive factors of rehospitalization for worsening heart failure and cardiac death within 1 year in octogenarians hospitalized for heart failure
Authors: Hamada Tomoyuki , Kubo Toru , Yamasaki Naohito , Kitaoka Hiroaki 
Published: August 2017

AimTo investigate the predictive factors of cardiac events including rehospitalization for worsening heart failure (HF) and cardiac death within 1 year after hospital discharge in octogenarians hospitalized for HF.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed in detail clinical data for patients aged >80 years who were admitted to Kochi University, Kochi, Japan, for acute decompensated HF in order to identify predictive factors for cardiac events within 1 year.ResultsA total of 67 patients (mean age of 85 ± 4 years, 39 men) were included, and 28 patients (41.8%) had cardiac events. The patients with cardiac events were significantly older, had a lower prescription rate of beta‐blockers at discharge and had a lower rate of arrhythmia as an exacerbating factor of HF than patients without cardiac events. When nutritional status was assessed by the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, patients in the cardiac events group had significant malnutrition (CONUT ≥5). In addition, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with CONUT ≥5 had a higher incidence of cardiac events than did those with a CONUT <5 (log–rank, P < 0.038). In logistic analysis, the independent determinants of the cardiac events within 1 year were malnutrition at moderate or severe levels by the CONUT score and no beta‐blocker medication.ConclusionsIn very elderly patients hospitalized for HF, malnutrition and no beta‐blocker medication were predictors of rehospitalization for worsening HF or cardiac death within 1 year. These factors could be meaningful targets for improving the management of octogenarians with HF. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 101–107.
Dental hygiene education in Germany: Between economics and emotions
Authors: Offermanns B , Petersilka GJ 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo date, there is still no IFDH approved dental hygienist (DH) education model in Germany. Nevertheless, opportunities to complete vocational DH education courses have substantially increased within the last two decades. However, the content and quality of these courses vary greatly and are difficult to survey. The purpose of this article therefore was to present an overview of the education programmes offered in Germany as of March 2017.MethodsA formal request was sent to all education establishments for details of such courses, and a systematic internet search was performed covering the DH education topic in Germany.ResultsTen vocational education programmes were found, most of them organized by local dental chambers. One private provider offers a Bachelor Degree in Dental Hygiene on completion of a course which runs over 2 or 3 ys. Details of contents, objectives and concise ratings or comparisons of the various courses are scarce, although in principle all should meet the same quality standards.ConclusionFor dental hygiene students, patients and dentists, it is hard and unsatisfactory to get a clear overview of the types and the quality of DH education which can be achieved in Germany. A solution for this dilemma would appear to be essential. However, due to the peculiarities of German legislation as well as the complex sphere of vested interests, it is impossible to predict if or when the situation will change for the better.
Neutron diffraction study of antibacterial bioactive calcium silicate sol‐gel glasses containing silver
Authors: Carta Daniela , Jones Julian R. , Lin Sen , Poologasundarampillai Gowsihan , Newport Robert J. , Pickup David M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBioactive sol‐gel calcia‐silica glasses can regenerate damaged or diseased bones due to their ability to stimulate bone growth. This capability is related to the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the glass surface, which bonds with bone, and the release of soluble silica and calcium ions in the body fluid which accelerates bone growth. The addition of silver ions imbues the glass with antibacterial properties due to the release of antibacterial Ag+ ion. The antibacterial activity is therefore closely dependent on the dissolution properties of the glasses which in turn are related to their atomic‐level structure. Structural characterization of the glasses at the atomic level is therefore essential in order to investigate and control the antibacterial properties of the glass. We have used neutron diffraction to investigate the structure of silver‐containing calcia‐silica sol‐gel bioactive glasses with different Ag2O loading (0, 2, 4, 6 mol%). The presence of the silver had little effect on the host glass structure, although some silver metal nanoparticles were present. Results agreed with previous computer simulations.
IDIOPATHIC HÆMOCHROMATOSIS—A FAMILY STUDY
Authors: MORGAN E. H. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe plasma iron concentration and plasma total iron‐binding capacity were determined and a series of liver function tests performed on the plasma from the immediate relatives of 23 patients with idiopathic hæmochromatosis. Abnormal iron transport values were found in 27% of the 70 relatives, but only two relatives gave abnormal results to the liver function tests. The results were considered to be compatible with a mode of inheritance of hæmochromatosis previously suggested by other authors—by a non‐sex‐linked dominant gene. It was suggested that relatives of patients who are found to have abnormally high plasma iron levels should be treated by venesection, whether or not they show other evidence of hæmochromatosis.
BaO−B2O3 system and its mysterious member Ba3B2O6
Authors: Bekker Tatyana B. , Rashchenko Sergey V. , Seryotkin Yurii V. , Kokh Alexander E. , Davydov Aleksey V. , Fedorov Pavel P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first systematic study of the BaO–B2O3 system and barium orthoborate Ba3B2O6 (3BaO·B2O3) was reported in 1949. Thereafter, the system was repeatedly refined but the structure of Ba3B2O6 compound has not been adequately studied yet. In our study we have, for the first time, obtained the crystalline samples of Ba3B2O6. The solved structure (Pbam, a = 13.5923(4) Å, b = 13.6702(4) Å, c = 14.8894(3) Å) belongs to the class of ‘anti‐zeolite’ borates with a pseudotetragonal [Ba12(BO3)6]6+ cation pattern which contains channels along the c axis filled with anionic clusters. The Ba3B2O6 compound may be regarded as a fluorine‐free end‐member of the Ba3(BO3)2–xF3x solid solution. The BaO–B2O3 phase diagram presented in our study is based on our research and literature data.
European academy of dermatology and venereology European prurigo project: expert consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of chronic prurigo
Authors: Pereira M.P. , Steinke S. , Zeidler C. , Forner C. , Riepe C. , Augustin M. , Bobko S. , Dalgard F. , Elberling J. , Garcovich S. , Gieler U. , Gonçalo M. , Halvorsen J. A. , Leslie T.A. , Metz M. , Reich A. , Şavk E. , Schneider G. , Serra‐Baldrich E. , Ständer H.F. , Streit M. , Wallengren J. , Weller K. , Wollenberg A. , Bruland P. , Soto‐Rey I. , Storck M. , Dugas M. , Weisshaar E. , Szepietowski J.C. , Legat F.J. , Ständer S. ,   EADV Task Force Pruritus group members
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe term prurigo has been used for many decades in dermatology without clear definition, and currently used terminology of prurigo is inconsistent and confusing. Especially, itch‐related prurigo remains unexplored regarding the epidemiology, clinical profile, natural course, underlying causes, available treatments and economic burden, although burdensome and difficult to treat.ObjectiveTo address these issues, the multicentre European Prurigo Project (EPP) was designed to increase knowledge on chronic prurigo (CPG). In the first step, European experts of the EADV Task Force Pruritus (TFP) aimed to achieve a consensus on the definition, classification and terminology of CPG. Additionally, procedures of the cross‐sectional EPP were discussed and agreed upon.MethodsDiscussions and surveys between members of the TFP served as basis for a consensus conference. Using the Delphi method, consensus was defined as an agreement ≥75% among the present members.ResultsTwenty‐four members of the TFP participated in the consensus conference. Experts consented that CPG should be used as an umbrella term for the range of clinical manifestations (e.g. papular, nodular, plaque or umbilicated types). CPG is considered a distinct disease defined by the presence of chronic pruritus for ≥6 weeks, history and/or signs of repeated scratching and multiple localized/generalized pruriginous skin lesions (whitish or pink papules, nodules and/or plaques). CPG occurs due to a neuronal sensitization to itch and the development of an itch‐scratch cycle.ConclusionThis new definition and terminology of CPG should be implemented in dermatology to harmonize communication in the clinical routine, clinical trials and scientific literature. Acute/subacute forms of prurigo are separated entities, which need to be differentiated from CPG and will be discussed in a next step. In the near future, the cross‐sectional EPP will provide relevant clinical data on various aspects of CPG leading to new directions in the scientific investigation of CGP.
Are patent fees effective at weeding out low‐quality patents?
Authors: de Rassenfosse Gaétan , Jaffe Adam B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe paper investigates whether patent fees are an effective mechanism to deter the filing of low‐quality patent applications. The study analyzes the effect on patent quality of the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1982, which resulted in a substantial increase in patenting fees at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Results from a series of difference‐in‐differences regressions suggest that the increase in fees led to a weeding out of low‐quality patents. About 10% of patents in the lowest quality decile were filtered out, with the effect concentrated in the patents of firms whose overall patent portfolio was medium to large (more than 20 patents). The study has strong policy implications in the current context of concerns about declines in patent quality.
Changes of tooth color in middle and old age: A longitudinal study over a decade
Authors: Hassel Alexander J. , Johanning Marvin , Grill Sabine , Schröder Johannes , Wahl Hans‐Werner , Corcodel Nicoleta , Klotz Anna‐Luisa , Rammelsberg Peter , Zenthöfer Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in tooth color for 2 age cohorts (younger cohort, YC: 1950‐1952; older cohort, OC: 1930‐1932) over a mean observation period of 8 years.Material and MethodsSixty‐one participants with 106 upper central incisors were subjected to baseline and follow‐up examinations (YC: n = 46/OC: n = 15). International Commission on Illumination color coordinates of 1 or 2 unrestored test teeth for each participant were recorded by use of a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade 1) during both measurement times. Changes of color coordinates during the study period were evaluated by use of generalized linear mixed models with the variable “participant” as random effect. ΔEab and E2000 color differences were calculated between baseline and follow‐up.ResultsSignificant changes in color coordinates were observed, with the exception of lightness in OC. The direction of the changes depended on the cohort. A decrease of lightness (value) was observed in YC (ΔL = 4.0; P < .001) whereas in OC chroma increased (ΔC = −3.3; P < .001). For both groups, a significant shift to more reddish tooth colors was observed. In almost all cases, color differences between baseline and follow‐up exceeded the 50:50 acceptability thresholds for color differences (ΔE = 2.7) in both YC (≈90%) and OC (≈80%).ConclusionsFor both quinquagenarians and septuagenarians, clinically relevant changes in tooth color were observed after a decade; these could affect the long‐term success of prosthetic restorations in terms of a satisfactory color match between natural teeth and dental prostheses. In contrast with the findings of cross‐sectional studies, the changes were partially age‐group‐specific.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCETooth color can change over a decade. When fixed dental prostheses are planned, one should consider that changes of tooth color could lead to mismatch between a restoration and adjacent teeth during the period in clinical service.
Effect of access design on intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth: An ex vivo study
Authors: Marchesan Melissa Andreia , James Christopher Michael , Lloyd Adam , Morrow Brian Ray , García‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of access design on intracoronal bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide on discolored teeth.Materials and MethodsForty‐two intact maxillary central incisors were selected, sectioned and artificially stained using whole blood. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer: before staining (T1), after staining (T2), at 7 (T3), and 14 (T4) days postbleaching. After T1, specimens were stratified and divided randomly into two groups according to access design (N = 20): G1: contracted endodontic cavity (CEC) access performed with a #848‐010M bur and G2: traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) access done with a #1157 bur. Canals were obturated, a cervical barrier was placed and 35% carbamide peroxide was sealed in the chamber for 7 days and replaced at 7 days for an additional 7 days. Data were collected based on CIELAB‐CIE1976 (L*a*b*) system. Repeated measures SNK anova was used to evaluate the effects of access design and time on color change (ΔE*) and luminosity (L*) (α < 0.05).ResultsFor CEC, L* was significantly different at all times points (P < .05). For TEC, L* values were significantly different at all time points (P < .05) except for T0 and T4, which were similar (P > .05). There was no statistical difference for ΔE* between CEC and TEC designs at any time point (P > .05).ConclusionsIn general, teeth accessed with CEC or TEC designs showed statistically similar bleaching when using 35% carbamide peroxide. However, lightness values were only reestablished with bleaching through a TEC access design.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDespite the current trend to conserve tooth structure when performing endodontic access cavities, the use of conservative access designs for bleaching discolored maxillary central incisors affected the acceptability threshold when compared with a traditional access design. These smaller accesses might not be an alternative treatment option when internal bleaching in the esthetic zone is anticipated.
Bioactive components content, antimicrobial activity, and foodborne pathogen control in minced pork by cranberry pomace extracts
Authors: Gniewosz Małgorzata , Stobnicka Agata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThree extracts from American cranberry pomace (Vaccinium macrocarpon) were prepared: water (w‐PACE), ethanol, and a water/ethanol. Extracts were examined in terms of bioactive components content and antimicrobial activity in relation to 18 strains of bacteria, and 3 strains of fungi. Extracts contained organic acids, flavonols, terpenes (ursolic acid), and stilbenes (resveratrol). Water and water/ethanol extracts demonstrated a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity on selected strains compared to ethanol extract. The inhibition of pathogens growth (Escherichia coli, Salmonella ser. Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus) was determined in minced pork containing 2.5% w‐PACE. The number of pathogens in samples stored at 4 °C for 6 days was examined. The results show a significant (p < .05) growth inhibition for all pathogens in the minced pork meat with cranberry extract, compared to the control sample. Our results suggest the possibility of the application of the water extract of cranberry pomace as natural preservatives.Practical applicationsAmerican cranberry pomace can be used to receive extracts of antibacterial activity. The low cost of water extract production from cranberry pomace contributes to its attractiveness as the natural preservative to protect minced pork against foodborne pathogens.
Discharge Plans for Geriatric Inpatients with Delirium: A Plan to Stop Antipsychotics?
Authors: Johnson Kim G. , Fashoyin Adedayo , Madden‐Fuentes Ramiro , Muzyk Andrew J. , Gagliardi Jane P. , Yanamadala Mamata 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundStudies show inpatient geriatric patients with reversible conditions like delirium may continue on antipsychotic medications without clear indications after hospital discharge. We conducted this study to determine how often geriatric patients were discharged on a newly started antipsychotic during admission with a plan for discontinuation of the antipsychotic documented in the discharge summary.DesignWe conducted retrospective chart review identifying geriatric inpatients in our health system started on a new antipsychotic during admission. In patients discharged from the hospital on a new antipsychotic, we examined the discharge summary for a discontinuation treatment plan.ResultsOf 487 patients started on a new antipsychotic, 147 (30.2%) were discharged on the antipsychotic. Of those, 121 (82.3%) had a diagnosis of delirium. Discharge summaries of 15 (12.4%) patients discharged on an antipsychotic with a diagnosis of delirium included instructions for discontinuation of the antipsychotic. Of those patients discharged with instructions for discontinuation, 12 (80%) received a psychiatric or geriatric medicine consult.ConclusionIn our health system, the majority of geriatric patients with delirium, discharged on a new antipsychotic had no instructions outlined to outpatient providers for discontinuation management. Further interventions could target increasing antipsychotic guidance at transitions of care.
A review of the literature on symptom clusters in studies that included oncology patients receiving primary or adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Ward Sullivan Carmen , Leutwyler Heather , Dunn Laura B , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo summarise the current state of knowledge of symptom clusters research from studies that included, as part of their sample, patients who were receiving primary or adjuvant chemotherapy.BackgroundSince the concept of a symptom cluster was first introduced into the oncology literature in 2001, only four comprehensive reviews of symptom clusters research in oncology patients were identified that provide insights into this important concept in symptom management research.DesignA comprehensive review of the literature.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted for the years 2000 to 2016. Only 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for this literature review. These studies were evaluated in terms of the symptom assessment instruments used; the statistical analysis methods used; the symptom dimension(s) used to create the symptom cluster(s); the number and types of symptom clusters identified; and whether the specific symptom clusters changed over time.ResultsThe number of symptom clusters identified ranged from one–seven. The majority of the studies used some type of factor analysis to create the symptom clusters. The most common symptom dimension used to create the clusters was symptom severity. A “gastrointestinal symptom cluster” was the most common symptom cluster identified. Across the eight longitudinal studies, for half of these studies the symptom clusters remained relatively stable over time.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed in oncology patients to address the assessment of symptom clusters, the specific nature of symptom clusters and whether symptom clusters change over time.