bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent report of Dark Himalayan Oakblue Arhopala rama Kollar, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Theclinae) from Tenga Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Rachit Pratap 
Published: December 2015

<p>The known distribution range of <em>Arhopala rama ramosa</em> from India is in Manipur (Evans 1932). However, sighting of this subspecies from Arunachal Pradesh extends its range to Arunachal Pradesh by ca. 570 kilometers from Manipur. Key identifying features have also been mentioned for both the subspecies.</p><div> </div>
A new record of ahermatypic coral Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 1902 (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Raghuraman R. , Raghunathan C. 
Published: December 2015

<p><em>Paracyathus pruinosus</em> Alcock, 1902, (Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae) was found from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, representing a new addition to the ahermatypic corals of India and the central Indian Ocean. The corallites of <em>Paracyathus pruinosus</em> were solitary, short, stout, elliptical and solid, mostly found under caves and slightly deep. Costae were granular, flat and equal. Septa were arranged closely and lined with granular ridges. Tentacles were found to extend only during night. The present record of <em>P. pruinosus </em>from Andaman and Nicobar Islands not only represents a new addition to the Caryophylliidae of the Central Indian Ocean, but also calls for conducting in-depth studies with a special emphasis to the under-studied caryophylliids of India.</p><div> </div>
Cognitive remediation for depressed inpatients: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Trapp Wolfgang , Engel Sinha , Hajak Goeran , Lautenbacher Stefan , Gallhofer Bernd 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Neurocognitive deficits that persist despite antidepressive treatment and affect social and vocational functioning are well documented in major depressive disorder. Cognitive training approaches have proven successful in ameliorating these deficits in other psychiatric groups, but very few studies have been conducted in unipolar depressive patients by now. In contrast to previous studies solely including outpatients, effects of a cognitive remediation intervention on neurocognitive functioning of depressed inpatients were assessed by the present study. Method: A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 46 depressed inpatients of a psychiatric hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control group that received standard drug and non-drug (cognitive behavioural, occupational, sports, relaxation and music therapy) antidepressive treatment or a remediation group that additionally received 12 sessions of cognitive training for a total of 4 weeks (three sessions per week). An intent to treat analysis and a last observation carried forward method was used for data analyses. Results: Patients of the remediation group demonstrated greater improvements in neurocognitive measures of verbal and nonverbal memory, working memory and executive function (Cohen’s d effect sizes between .52 and .98). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence that cognitive remediation interventions can be successfully applied also in psychiatric inpatients experiencing an acute depressive episode.
Mortality and Resource Utilization After Critical Care Transport of Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Wilcox Susan R. , Richards Jeremy B. , Genthon Alissa , Saia Mark S. , Waden Heather , Gates Jonathan D. , Cocchi Michael N. , McGahn Susan J. , Frakes Michael , Wedel Suzanne K. 
Published: December 2015

Introduction: We performed this study to quantify resources required by mechanically ventilated patients with hypoxemia after critical care transport (CCT) and to assess short-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of transports of patients with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from referring hospitals to 3 tertiary care hospitals to assess the outcomes including in-hospital mortality, ventilator days, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, disposition, and reported neurologic status on hospital discharge as well as medical interventions specific to acute respiratory failure and critical care. Results: Of 230 patients transported with hypoxemic respiratory failure, 152 survived to hospital discharge, for a mortality rate of 34.5%, despite a predicted mortality of 64% by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Twenty-five percent of patients were treated with neuromuscular blockade, 10.1% received inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated in 2.6%. Conclusions: In this cohort with hypoxemic respiratory failure transported to tertiary care facilities, patients had a mortality rate comparable to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with best practices and a mortality rate lower than predicted based on APACHE-II score. The risks of CCT are outweighed by the benefits of transfer to a tertiary care facility, and pretransport hypoxemia should not be used as an absolute contraindication to transport.
Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Supplement to the Enteral Feeding in Children With Mild to Moderate Sepsis
Authors: Al-Biltagi Mohammed Abdul Moety , Abo-Elezz Ahmed Abd ElBasset , Abd-Elhafez Maher Ahmed , Mabrouk Maaly Mohamed , Suliman Ghada Abudelmomen 
Published: December 2015

Objective: The objective was to investigate the benefits of supplementing enteral feeding with omega-3 fatty acids in children with mild to moderate sepsis and its effects on acute-phase reactants and interleukin 6 (IL-6) level. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study from January 2012 to June 2014, which included 2 groups of children with mild to moderate sepsis tolerating enteral feeding. Group A included 60 children supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, whereas group B included 60 children who received enteral feeding without omega-3 supplementation. Both groups had complete blood pictures, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin, and IL-6 before and after 7 days from supplementation. Results: There was a significant improvement in hemoglobin percentage ( P < .0001), total white blood cell (WBC) count ( P < .0001), and platelet count ( P < .0001) and significant decrease in CRP ( P < .0001), ESR ( P < .0001), IL-6 ( P < .0001), and albumin level ( P < .001) in the supplemented group than the nonsupplemented group. The supplemented group also had a significantly shorter duration of stay in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU; P < .01) and decreased death rate than the nonsupplemented group. Conclusion: Children with mild to moderate sepsis showed significant improvement in inflammatory markers and had shorter PICU admission when enteral feeding was supplemented with omega-3 essential fatty acids.
Association between interferon-γ +874 T/A polymorphism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Y H , Bae S-C 
Published: December 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether the interferon ( IFN)-γ +874 T/A polymorphism plays a role in modifying the risk of autoimmune diseases. Methods A meta-analysis was conducted on the association between the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism and autoimmune diseases. Results Eighteen studies with a total of 2952 patients and 3832 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no association between autoimmune diseases and the IFN-γ +874 T allele in all study subjects (odds ratio (OR)=1.023, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.894–1.171, p = 0.738), but stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the IFN-γ +874 T allele and autoimmune diseases in Latin American subjects (OR = 0.780, 95% CI = 0.629–0.953, p = 0.015). Meta-analysis also revealed an association between autoimmune diseases and the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism in Caucasian and Middle Eastern subjects under a dominant inheritance model (OR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.489–0.964, p = 0.003; OR = 1.414, 95% CI = 1.102–1.813, p = 0.006). Meta-analysis by autoimmune disease type indicated an association between ITP and the IFN-γ +874 T allele (OR = 1.753, 95% CI = 1.228–2.503, p = 0.002), but not for vasculitis, vitiligo, and auto-immune thyroid disease. Meta-analysis also showed a significant association between the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under the dominant model (OR = 1.668, 95% CI = 1.114–2.497, p = 0.013). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism may play a significant role in modifying the risk of autoimmune diseases in Caucasian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern subjects, and in particular shows that the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism is associated with increased genetic susceptibility to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and SLE.
Radiographic Indicators of Surgery and Functional Outcome in Ponseti-Treated Clubfeet
Authors: Shabtai Lior , Hemo Yoram , Yavor Ariela , Gigi Roy , Wientroub Shlomo , Segev Eitan 
Published: December 2015

Background: Evaluation of the results of treatment for clubfoot by the Ponseti technique is based on clinical and functional parameters. There is a need to establish universally recognized quantitative measurements to compare, better understand, and more precisely evaluate therapeutic outcome. Methods: Nine angles were measured on standard radiographs of 145 children with idiopathic clubfeet treated between 2000 and 2010 with the Ponseti method. The average follow-up was 6.3 years. The need for additional surgery and the functional outcome was correlated to the radiologic measurements. Results: Three radiologic parameters were identified as having significant ( P ≤ .001) predictive value. The lateral tibiocalcaneal angle with the ankle at maximal dorsiflexion measuring fixed equinus was larger in the preoperated group (77 ± 12 degrees) compared to the nonoperated group (67 ± 14 degrees). Functional outcome was better with smaller angles. The lateral talocalcaneal angle with the ankle at maximal dorsiflexion measuring hindfoot rigidity was smaller (29 ± 8 degrees) in the preoperated group compared to the nonoperated group (35 ± 9 degrees). Functional outcome was better with larger angles. The lateral talo-first metatarsal angle with the ankle at maximal plantarflexion measuring foot cavus was larger in the preoperated group (31 ± 10 degrees) compared to the nonoperated group (22 ± 11 degrees), whereas functional outcome did not correlate with this angle. Conclusions: The lateral view with the foot in maximal dorsiflexion was found to be the most significant and useful view to detect abnormality in Ponseti-treated clubfeet. In our practice now, we are using only this view in order to reduce the radiation exposure to the child. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case series.
Correlation of Postoperative Position of the Sesamoids After Chevron Osteotomy With Outcome
Authors: Shi Glenn G. , Henning Peter , Marks Richard M. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids has been identified as a potential risk factor for hallux valgus recurrence after proximal osteotomy. However, it is not known whether the postoperative sesamoid position is a risk factor in hallux valgus correction via distal chevron osteotomy with or without dorsal webspace release (DWSR). Methods: In this retrospective study, 169 patients who underwent distal chevron osteotomy with or without DWSR were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative (6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months) weightbearing radiographs were evaluated. Functional hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and the position of the tibial sesamoid were graded using the center of head method. Seventy-six radiographs were available for review at the 12-month follow-up. Of these, 41 patients underwent DWSR procedure and 35 did not. Results: In both groups, correction of all 3 parameters (HVA, IMA, tibial sesamoid position) were significant at the 12-month follow-up. Comparison of the postoperative results of the 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences. Four feet demonstrated displaced sesamoid position at the 12-month follow-up, with radiographic evidence of recurrence in just one. No significant relationship was found between postoperative sesamoid position and hallux valgus recurrence that occurred in 4 feet. Conclusion: Combining DWSR with a distal chevron osteotomy did not delay healing or increase risk of avascular necrosis, but it did not significantly improve angular measurements or sesamoid position. The concept that postoperative sesamoid position can be used to predict hallux valgus recurrence was not supported by our results when looking at distal chevron correction. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Operative Treatment of Acute Fractures of the Tarsal Navicular Body
Authors: Schmid Timo , Krause Fabian , Gebel Philippe , Weber Martin 
Published: December 2015

Background: Treatment of displaced tarsal navicular body fractures usually consists of open reduction and internal fixation. However, there is little literature reporting results of this treatment and correlation to fracture severity. Methods: We report the results of 24 patients treated in our institution over a 12-year period. Primary outcome measurements were Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle score (VAS-FA), AOFAS midfoot score, and talonavicular osteoarthritis at final follow-up. According to a new classification system reflecting talonavicular joint damage, 2-part fractures were classified as type I, multifragmentary fractures as type II, and fractures with talonavicular joint dislocation and/or concomitant talar head fractures as type III. Spearman’s coefficients tested this classification’s correlation with the primary outcome measurements. Mean patient age was 33 (range 16-61) years and mean follow-up duration 73 (range 24-159) months. Results: Average VAS-FA score was 74.7 (standard deviation [SD] 16.9), and average AOFAS midfoot score was 83.8 (SD = 12.8). Final radiographs showed no talonavicular arthritis in 5 patients, grade 1 in 7, grade 2 in 3, grade 3 in 6, and grade 4 in 1 patient. Two patients had secondary or spontaneous talonavicular fusion. Spearman coefficients showed strong correlation of the classification system with VAS-FA score ( r = −0.663, P < .005) and talonavicular arthritis ( r = 0.600, P = .003), and moderate correlation with AOFAS score ( r = −.509, P = .011). Conclusion: At midterm follow-up, open reduction and internal fixation of navicular body fractures led to good clinical outcome but was closely related to fracture severity. A new classification based on the degree of talonavicular joint damage showed close correlation to clinical and radiologic outcome. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
An economic evaluation of a self-management programme of activity, coping and education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dritsaki Melina , Johnson-Warrington Vicki , Mitchell Katy , Singh Sally , Rees Karen 
Published: December 2015

The aim was to undertake a cost-utility analysis of a self-management programme of activity, coping and education (SPACE) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The analysis was conducted alongside a six-month randomized controlled trial in 30 primary care settings. The economic analysis used data from 184 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 and with grade 2–5 on the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale. Participants received either a self-management programme consisting of an education manual (SPACE for COPD) and consultation or usual care. Six-month costs were estimated from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated based on patient responses at baseline and six months. The mean difference in costs between usual care and SPACE FOR COPD programme was −£27.18 (95% confidence interval (CI); −£122.59 to £68.25) while mean difference in QALYs was −0.10 (95% CI; −0.17 to −0.02). The results suggest that the intervention is more costly and more effective than usual care. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 97% at a threshold of £20,000/QALY gained. We conclude that the SPACE FOR COPD programme is cost-effective compared to usual care.
Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Risk of Dementia in Heart Failure
Authors: Chitnis Abhishek S. , Aparasu Rajender R. , Chen Hua , Kunik Mark E. , Schulz Paul E. , Johnson Michael L. 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To test the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) on reducing the risk of dementia in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal study used a cohort of HF patients identified from a local Medicare advantage prescription drug plan. Multivariable time-dependent Cox model and marginal structural model using inverse-probability-oftreatment weighting were used to estimate the risk of developing dementia. Adjusted dementia rate ratios were estimated among current and former ACEI/ARB users, as compared with nonusers. Results: Using the time-dependent Cox model, the adjusted dementia rate ratios (95% confidence-interval) among current and former users were 0.90(0.70-1.16) and 0.89 (0.71-1.10), respectively. Use of marginal structural model resulted in similar effect estimates for current and former users as compared with the nonusers. Conclusion: This study found no difference in risk of dementia among the current and former users of ACEI/ARB as compared with the nonusers in an already at-risk HF population.
Simple Neuropsychological Tests May Identify Participants in Whom Aspirin Use Is Associated With Lower Dementia Incidence
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: December 2015

Background: We hypothesized that neuropsychological tests could help in identifying preclinical stages of vascular cognitive impairment, when aspirin use might be associated with lower dementia incidence. Methods: We used data of Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) which was a longitudinal study of Canadians older than 65 years and was done in 3 waves, 1991 to 1992 (CSHA-1), 1996 to 1997 (CSHA-2), and 2001 to 2002. Results: CSHA-1 participants with vascular dementia performed worse in copying pentagons and writing subtests of modified Mini-Mental State Examination test than participants with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Salicylates use was associated with lower incident dementia among normal cognition CSHA-1 participants who had low scores in copying pentagons and writing subtests after controlling for age, sex, education, and vascular risk factors (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.073-0.86, P = .028). Conclusions: Two simple neuropsychological tests might help in identifying preclinical stages of vascular cognitive impairment, and salicylates use was associated with lower dementia incidence.
Increasing stimulus duration improves attention and memory performance in elderly with cognitive impairment
Authors: Lavner Yizhar , Rabinowitz Israel 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether increasing stimulus duration could improve performance on a test of attention and short-term memory in cognitively impaired individuals. Methods: A computer-generated forward digit span test was administered to 65 patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (28 intervention and 37 controls). After point of failure, testing in the intervention group was continued at the same rate, but with an average 150% digit lengthening to 800 ms. Testing of controls was continued using the standard digit span test. Results: In the intervention group, 13/28 (46.4%) improved their digit span test performance, compared to 2/37 (5.4%) in the control group ( p = 0.00005). Conclusion: Cognitively impaired elderly participants improved performance on a test of attention and short-term memory, when stimulus duration was increased in proportion to elongation of the finger tap touch-phase previously found in a similar cohort. A possible mechanism for the effect of increased stimulus duration on attention and short-term memory is discussed.
Endovascular management of early-onset post-nephrectomy renal arteriovenous fistula: A report of two cases
Authors: Yin Henghui , Zhao Yang , Wang Mian , Wang Shenming , Chang Guangqi 
Published: December 2015

Purpose: Here, we report two cases of early-onset post-nephrectomy renal arteriovenous fistula who were successfully managed by implantation of patent ductus arteriosus occluders. Case report: Both patients were female, aged 38 and 36 years. They received left renal nephrectomy 9 and 6 months, respectively, with a complaint of chest congestion and dyspnea before admitting to our center. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a huge arteriovenous fistula of the left renal pedicle with a renal venous aneurysm in both patients. The fistulas were isolated by implanting patent ductus arteriosus occluders in the renal artery stumps. Clinical symptoms disappeared after intervention. Computed tomographic angiography confirmed the effectiveness of the occluders during follow-up time. The venous aneurysms shrank to normal size. Conclusion: Our experience indicates that post-nephrectomy renal arteriovenous fistula can present as an early complication which can be efficiently managed by endovascular occlusion of the arterial stump by patent ductus arteriosus occluder.
Predicting optimal response to B-cell depletion with rituximab in multiple sclerosis using CXCL13 index, magnetic resonance imaging and clinical measures
Authors: Alvarez Enrique , Piccio Laura , Mikesell Robert J , Trinkaus Kathryn , Parks Becky J , Naismith Robert T , Cross Anne H 
Published: December 2015

Background B-cell depleting drugs show promise for treating multiple sclerosis. Objective We sought predictors of optimal response to rituximab, a B-cell depleting antibody, to help guide therapy selection. Methods We performed a post hoc study of 30 relapsing multiple sclerosis patients with breakthrough disease while on beta-interferon or glatiramer acetate who were treated with add-on rituximab. Standardized neurologic examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained before and after rituximab. Tissue biomarkers were measured. Optimal responders were defined as having no evidence of disease activity. Results At baseline, optimal responders with no evidence of disease activity had higher IgG indices ( P = 0.041), and higher CXCL13 indices ((cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13/serum CXCL13)/albumin index; P = 0.024), more contrast enhancing lesions ( P = 0.002), better 25 foot timed walk ( P = 0.001), and Expanded Disability Status Scale ( P = 0.002). Rituximab treatment led to reduced cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of tissue destruction: myelin basic protein ( P = 0.046), neurofilament light chain ( P < 0.001), and of inflammation (CXCL13 index; P = 0.042). Conclusions Multiple sclerosis patients with optimal response to rituximab had higher cerebrospinal fluid IgG and CXCL13 indices, more gadolinium-enhancing lesions, and less disability at baseline. Rituximab treatment led to decreased markers of inflammation and tissue damage. If validated, these results will help identify multiple sclerosis patients who will respond optimally to B-cell depletion.