bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing survival benefit when treatment delays disease progression
Authors: Schoenfeld David A , Finkelstein Dianne M 
Published: February 2016

Background: For a potentially lethal chronic disease like cancer, it is often infeasible to compare treatments on the basis of overall survival, so a combined outcome such as progression-free survival (which is the time from randomization to progression or death) has become an acceptable primary endpoint. The rationale of using an efficacy measure that is dominated by the time to progression is that an effective treatment will delay progression and when treatment is stopped at progression, the effect of treatment after this time is small. However, often trials that show a significant benefit for delaying progression but not on overall survival are not universally viewed as providing convincing evidence that the drug should become the standard of care. Methods: We propose that when there is a significant treatment effect of delaying progression, a Bayesian analysis of overall survival should be undertaken. We suggest using a joint piecewise exponential model, where the treatment effect on the hazard for progression and for death after progression is captured through two distinct parameters. We develop a plot of the overall survival advantage of the new therapy versus the prior distribution of the relative hazard for death after progression. This plot can augment the discussion about whether the new treatment is beneficial on survival. Results: In the example of an early breast cancer trial for which a new treatment significantly delayed disease recurrence, our Bayesian analysis showed that with very reasonable assumptions on the effects of treatment after recurrence, there is a high probability that the new treatment improves overall survival. Conclusion: For a clinical trial for which treatment delays progression, the proposed method can improve the interpretability of the survival comparison using data from the study.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypotension associated with preload-dependence during intermittent hemodialysis in critically ill patients
Authors: Bitker Laurent , Bayle Frédérique , Yonis Hodane , Gobert Florent , Leray Véronique , Taponnier Romain , Debord Sophie , Stoian-Cividjian Alina , Guérin Claude , Richard Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Hypotension is a frequent complication of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) performed in intensive care units (ICUs). Passive leg raising (PLR) combined with continuous measurement of cardiac output is highly reliable to identify preload dependence, and may provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in IHD-related hypotension. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of preload dependence-related hypotension during IHD in the ICU.

Methods
A single-center prospective observational study performed on ICU patients undergoing IHD for acute kidney injury and monitored with a PiCCO® device. Primary end points were the prevalence of hypotension (defined as a mean arterial pressure below 65 mm Hg) and hypotension associated with preload dependence. Preload dependence was assessed by the passive leg raising test, and considered present if the systolic ejection volume increased by at least 10 % during the test, as assessed continuously by the PiCCO® device.

Results
Forty-seven patients totaling 107 IHD sessions were included. Hypotension was observed in 61 IHD sessions (57 %, CI95%: 47–66 %) and was independently associated with inotrope administration, higher SOFA score, lower time lag between ICU admission and IHD session, and lower MAP at IHD session onset. Hypotension associated with preload dependence was observed in 19 % (CI95%: 10–31 %) of sessions with hypotension, and was associated with mechanical ventilation, lower SAPS II, higher pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and dialysate sodium concentration at IHD session onset. ROC curve analysis identified PVPI and mechanical ventilation as the only variables with significant diagnostic performance to predict hypotension associated with preload dependence (respective AUC: 0.68 (CI95%: 0.53–0.83) and 0.69 (CI95%: 0.54–0.85). A PVPI ≥ 1.6 at IHD session onset predicted occurrence of hypotension associated with preload dependence during IHD with a sensitivity of 91 % (CI95%: 59–100 %), and a specificity of 53 % (CI95%: 42–63 %).

Conclusions
The majority of hypotensive episodes occurring during intermittent hemodialysis are unrelated to preload dependence and should not necessarily lead to reduction of fluid removal by hemodialysis. However, high PVPI at IHD session onset and mechanical ventilation are risk factors of preload dependence-related hypotension, and should prompt reduction of planned fluid removal during the session, and/or an increase in session duration.
Investigation of an enameled glass mosque lamp: a 13th–14th-century Mamluk example or 19th-century European version?
Authors: Salvant Johanna , Schussler Victoria , McKenna Caitlin , Bruno Lisa , Ganio Monica , Walton Marc 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background

In this study, an enameled glass mosque lamp in the Brooklyn Museum collection is investigated to elucidate the origin and date of production of each of its components—the body, handles, wick-holder, and foot—to establish whether the lamp was produced during the Mamluk period (13th–14th century) or is a 19th-century European creation.

Results
Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS), the body, handles, and wick-holder were found to exhibit identical composition. The lamp’s foot, however, presents a dissimilar composition, one significantly richer in sodium, magnesium, and potassium. The matrix compositions, colorants, and opacifiers of the body’s enamel decorations were characterized by SEM–EDS and Raman spectroscopy analyses and compared with Mamluk and 19th-century production.

Conclusions
The lamp’s body, handles, and wick-holder were produced using the same type of glass, one likely incorporating a plant ash flux typical of medieval Islamic glass. Materials composing the body’s enamel decorations are consistent with Mamluk production. The foot’s distinct composition indicates that it is a later addition to the object. Combining the analytical, stylistic, and historical evidences, this glass lamp can now be identified as a Mamluk example, one of few comprising an integral wick-holder. The presence of a wick-holder is discussed and connected to the small size of the lamp. Details informing understanding of the lamp’s manufacture are also included. The implications of these new findings on the object’s conservation treatment and display are discussed in the context of the upcoming reinstallation of the Arts of the Islamic World gallery at the Brooklyn Museum.
Engaging patients with moderate to severe acquired brain injury in goal setting
Authors: D’Cruz Kate , Unsworth Carolyn , Roberts Karen , Morarty Jacqui , Turner-Stokes Lynne , Wellington-Boyd Anna , Matchado Joanne , Lannin Natasha A 
Published: February 2016

Background/Aims: An exploratory study of a novel approach to using the Goal Engagement Scale to examine patients', families' and health professionals' perceptions of patient engagement in goal setting. Methods: This mixed methods study was conducted from September 2013 to April 2014 in both inpatient trauma and rehabilitation units at an Australian health care service. Participants were 22 triads (patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury or stroke, their family member(s) and a treating health professional) participating in routine goal setting interviews. Goal setting interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed, drawing upon an iterative process of qualitative data analysis, while the Goal Engagement Scale scores were analysed descriptively, drawing comparison between triad participant findings. Findings: Perception of patient's level of engagement in goal setting differed between health professionals, patients and families. Health professionals' views dominated the goal setting process. Goal setting interview data revealed four main themes, highlighting the importance of reflective listening skills to build a trusting relationship with patients and families to support engagement in goal setting. Conclusions: The findings of this exploratory study both affirm the suitability of future research into goal setting engagement and provide clinically useful strategies to support engagement of patients and families in goal setting.
Using Writing as Therapy: Finding identity—an evaluation of its effects upon clinical outcomes and service
Authors: Cooper Pauline R , Davis Darryl Anthony 
Published: February 2016

Introduction ‘Using Writing as Therapy (UWaT): finding identity’ is a six-session, manualised writing intervention exploring identity and self-esteem, and developed by an occupational therapist. UWaT was evaluated across three boroughs of a South London NHS trust. Background/Aims: The original research (Cooper, 2008), which was given approval by an NHS Research Ethics Committee, yielded positive results that inspired the hosting NHS trust to further evaluate UWaT, with respect to its effects upon clinical outcomes and service utilisation levels. It was evaluated within specific services in the acute adult, mental health directorate from September 2012 to June 2014. The project had several stages, including training-experienced clinicians to deliver the intervention. Method: A pilot group was facilitated by the lead author to check the manual's ease of use for facilitators. The Hopelessness Scale and Quality of Life (QoL) Scale are standardised assessments providing viewpoints of mood and life perspectives, and were used before (t1), immediately after (t2), and 6 months post-course (t3). T3 assessments were sent by post, and 18 were returned. A qualitative questionnaire was completed at t2. Retrospective service costs were gathered 6 months pre- and post-UWaT. Forty clients with varying diagnoses participated, 36 of whom completed the course. Findings: One-hundred per cent of clients reported partial or full benefit from attending. The Hopelessness Scale and QoL assessments demonstrated a change of perspective.
Interactive-dialogue in the Bobath concept: A mixed methods study
Authors: Eckhardt Gabriele , Haase Gerlinde , Brock Kim , Hummelsheim Horst 
Published: February 2016

Background/Aims: This study investigated whether treatment using the Bobath concept is characterised by an identifiable, specific approach to the interaction between therapist and patient, known as the interactive-dialogue. Methods: Three studies were conducted. The opinions of a Bobath expert group on the interactive-dialogue approach were evaluated in a Delphi survey, in which 57 members participated. The data generated were used to develop a model focused on key aspects of the interactive-dialogue. In a second survey, perceptions of the interactive-dialogue approach were compared between experienced therapists with and without training in the Bobath concept, with 73 therapists participating. The third study investigated whether these aspects of the interactive-dialogue approach could be identified in videotaped examples of clinical care using the Bobath concept. Ten independent raters, five with Bobath training and five without, viewed videotapes of a single treatment session. Results: A high level of agreement (98.2%) was identified in the expert group regarding the importance of the interactive-dialogue approach. The model developed described the interactive-dialogue approach in five domains; ‘relationship’, ‘sense/perceive’, ‘reflect’, ‘adapt/react’ and ‘carryover’. The comparison between Bobath-trained and non-Bobath-trained therapists revealed areas in common, such as goal setting, but also areas of difference, including non-verbal components and the role of reflection in the learning process. In the videotaped case examples, the raters identified the domains of the model as being ‘very strongly’ or ‘strongly’ represented in 68.2% of ratings. Conclusions: The interactive-dialogue approach has been verified as an observable feature of clinical practice in the Bobath concept.
Fungicidal Effects of Plant Smoldering Fumes on Archival Paper-based Documents
Authors: Tayel Ahmed A. , Ebeid Maha M. , ElSawy Elsayed , Khalifa Shaaban A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFungal deterioration is one of the most serious risks for books and paper-based documents in archives. A wide screening for fungi contamination in historic books was conducted by the National Records and Archives, Tanta, Egypt. A large percentage (59.3%) of the screened books showed fungal contamination and deterioration. In this study, the fumes released by smoldering plant species were evaluated for their antifungal activity against isolated fungal species taken from historical documents. Most of the examined plant fumes showed strong antifungal activity as expressed by their minimal inhibitory relative amounts (MIRA),
Evaluation of Rolling Contact Fatigue Using X-Ray Diffraction Ring
Authors: Fujita Takumi , Kamura Naoya , Maruyama Yoichi , Sasaki Toshihiko 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this report, a novel approach for evaluating the progressive degree of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is introduced. The rolling contact surface after two-cylinder testing was evaluated by a new X-ray analyzer, which can rapidly obtain tri-axial residual stresses and the orientation of crystallite from an X-ray diffraction ring (Debye ring) on a two-dimensional detector. The non-uniform intensity of the Debye ring was observed for the tested sample under boundary lubrication. This makes it clear that RCF, under asperity contact conditions, accompanies the formation of an oriented texture of martensite grain. In addition, characteristic residual stresses that differ from the plane stress condition were observed for asperity contact surface, and residual von Mises stress, derived from their tri-axial residual stresses, demonstrates severe plastic deformation close to yield stress of hardened bearing steel. The behaviors of martensite grain orientation, tri-axial residual stress, and surface damage were investigated for several samples under different RCF conditions to clarify the mechanism of surface-initiated failure. The Debye ring analyzer can rapidly obtain more information regarding accumulation of fatigue, criteria of fracture, crack development, and shake-down in rolling contact subsurface, as compared with conventional X-ray diffraction analyzers. This new system is a promising method, not only to investigate the mechanism of RCF, but also to allow for the quantitative estimation of the progressing degree of RCF.
Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 35th Volume, Pesticide Formulations, Adjuvants, and Spray Characterization in 2014
Authors: Goss G. Robert 
Published: February 2016

Description
Get 7 pivotal symposium papers. ASTM International Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control sponsored this foremost publication on pesticide formulations and delivery systems. Without these selected technical publications, the intercommunication between professionals in the area would be limited. Control of pests is a very important aspect of feeding the world and this series contributes to that effort. Access the most current topics on formulations, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Contributions to this series include industry, government, and academia.
Is safety of childhood growth hormone therapy related to dose? Data from a large observational study
Authors: Sävendahl Lars , Pournara Effie , Pedersen Birgitte Tønnes , Blankenstein Oliver 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveConcerns have been raised of increased mortality risk in adulthood in certain patients who received growth hormone treatment during childhood. This study evaluated the safety of growth hormone treatment in childhood in everyday practice.DesignNordiNet®International Outcome Study (IOS) is a noninterventional, observational study evaluating safety and effectiveness of Norditropin®(somatropin; Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).MethodsLong-term safety data (1998–2013) were collected on 13 834 growth hormone treated pediatric patients with short stature. Incidence rates (IRs) of adverse events (AEs) defined as adverse drug reactions (ADRs), serious ADRs (SADRs), and serious AEs (SAEs) were calculated by mortality risk group (low/intermediate/high). The effect of growth hormone dose on IRs and the occurrence of cerebrovascular AEs were investigated by the risk group.ResultsWe found that 61.0% of patients were classified as low-risk, 33.9% intermediate-risk, and 5.1% high-risk. Three hundred and two AEs were reported in 261 (1.9%) patients during a mean (s.d.) treatment duration of 3.9 (2.8) years. IRs were significantly higher in the high- vs the low-risk group (high risk vs low risk—ADR: 9.11 vs 3.14; SAE: 13.66 vs 1.85; SADR: 4.97 vs 0.73 events/1000 patient-years of exposure;P< 0.0001 for all). Except for SAEs in the intermediate-risk group (P= 0.0486) in which an inverse relationship was observed, no association between IRs and growth hormone dose was found. No cerebrovascular events were reported.ConclusionsWe conclude that safety data from NordiNet®IOS do not reveal any new safety signals and confirm a favorable overall safety profile in accordance with other pediatric observational studies. No association between growth hormone dose and the incidence of AEs during growth hormone treatment in childhood was found.
Impact of Donor Milk Availability on Breast Milk Use and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Rates
Authors: Kantorowska Agata , Wei Julia C. , Cohen Ronald S. , Lawrence Ruth A. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Lee Henry C. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the availability of donor human milk (DHM) in a population-based cohort and assess whether the availability of DHM was associated with rates of breast milk feeding at NICU discharge and rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

METHODS:
Individual patient clinical data for very low birth weight infants from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative were linked to hospital-level data on DHM availability from the Mothers’ Milk Bank of San José for 2007 to 2013. Trends of DHM availability were examined by level of NICU care. Hospitals that transitioned from not having DHM to having DHM availability during the study period were examined to assess changes in rates of breast milk feeding at NICU discharge and NEC.

RESULTS:
The availability of DHM increased from 27 to 55 hospitals during the study period. The availability increased for all levels of care including regional, community, and intermediate NICUs, with the highest increase occurring in regional NICUs. By 2013, 81.3% of premature infants cared for in regional NICUs had access to DHM. Of the 22 hospitals that had a clear transition to having availability of DHM, there was a 10% increase in breast milk feeding at NICU discharge and a concomitant 2.6% decrease in NEC rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The availability of DHM has increased over time and has been associated with positive changes including increased breast milk feeding at NICU discharge and decrease in NEC rates.
El massatge i la seva incidència en el desenvolupament integral de l'infant de 0 a 3 anys
Authors: Camps Misericòrdia 
Published: February 2016

Amb aquest article volem presentar el massatge com una tècnica que, en mans dels mestres i professionals de l’educació infantil, pot contribuir al desenvolupament integral de l’infant, tant a nivell fisiològic com psicològic, especialment en el primer cicle 0-3 anys. Per això ens centrarem en aquest període d’edat, encara que el massatge constitueixi una tècnica igualment beneficiosa en el segon cicle d’educació infantil i, en general, a qualsevol edat. El massatge pot incloure’s també en la programació com una tècnica que ajuda a desenvolupar determinats aspectes psicomotrius.
O controle do desmatamento na Amazônia como um processo de modernização ecológica: a experiência do Projeto Município Verde
Authors: Sampaio Carneiro Marcelo , Santos de Assis William 
Published: February 2016

<p>Nesse artigo estudamos o processo de redução dos níveis de desmatamento e a regularização ambiental das propriedades rurais no município de Paragominas/PA, através da mobilização para implantação do Projeto do Município Verde. Segundo a perspectiva teórica aqui adotada, essa experiência pode ser compreendida como a primeira fase de um processo de modernização ecológica, no qual diferentes atores e instituições se mobilizam para limitar o desmatamento, através da adoção de medidas punitivas e do fomento a um processo de transição tecnológica, de forma a permitir que grandes e médios proprietários rurais desse município passem a desenvolver suas atividades agropecuárias com uso mais intensivo da terra. Contudo, além dos fatores normalmente destacados pela abordagem da modernização ecológica, consideramos que a redução do desmatamento na experiência estudada também está relacionada com certas características da configuração socioeconômica de Paragominas/PA</p><p> </p><br />
Justificación de una propuesta regulatoria para radiodifusión sonora y transmóviles en las fronteras colombianas
Authors: Duarte Pinilla Natalia Andrea , Paz Penagos Hernán 
Published: February 2016

Actualmente en Colombia no existe normatividad ni acuerdos que regulen los servicios de radiodifusión sonora y transmóviles en sus fronteras. Este artículo tiene como objetivo justificar la necesidad de reglamentar dichos servicios mediante un estudio de campo en tres zonas fronterizas: Ipiales-Tulcán (Ecuador), Puerto Carreño-Puerto Ayacucho (Venezuela) y Leticia-Tabatinga (Brasil)-Santa Rosa (Perú), para identificar posibles escenarios de interferencias procedentes de los países fronterizos hacia Colombia y viceversa. En este contexto, se realizaron simulaciones con el software Radio Mobile para evaluar la magnitud de las interferencias. Los resultados evidencian casos de interferencias entre servicios móviles y fijos, que demandan un control porque podrían llegar a afectar las comunicaciones destinadas a la seguridad de las personas y la atención de emergencias. Lo anterior también obstaculiza los procesos para la asignación de espectro y proyección de nuevos canales para los servicios de radiodifusión sonora y transmóviles.
Discussion Religious Experience : A Roman Catholic Perspective
Authors: Ramadhani Deshi 
Published: February 2016

<div>The point is that in the Roman Catholic tradition, faith life moves around Sacraments. Any religious experience will be evaluated whether it enhances the devotion to the Sacraments, or it derails the person from the Sacraments. The authenticity will be judged based on the inner direction that lows out as a result of the religious experience.</div>
An Approach to The Understanding of "Religious Experiences"
Authors: Bagir Muhammad 
Published: February 2016

In the old days, theology was almost a purely internal religious matter. Ilmu Kalam or Islamic Theology – although this term does not fully signify the meaning of Ilmu Kalam; has been focusing mainly on “internal religious issues” namely; on God and His attributes, on prophethood and the characteristics of prophecy and the resurrection and other issues related to beliefs. But as time goes by and the different parts of the world come into contact with each other; not only merchandises were imported and exported but ideologies and religious beliefs were in no way excluded. With the advent of the modern era since the renaissance, it seems that all things that are religious are considered as an obstacle for the rise of humanism in the whole realm of existence. Since then, religions had been the subject of speculations and even denial.