bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressed recombination of a flexible TiO2 nanowires photoanode by coupling of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles in the photoelectrochemical ultraviolet photodetector
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Xinmiao , Jiang Xu , Li Jiang , Li Hongye , Song Jianqiao , Jin Mengjing , Zhou Jinyuan , Xie Erqing , Pan Xiaojun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The noble metal nanoparticles can improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion via enhancement of light harvesting for the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Here, TiO2 nanowires were constructed on carbon fiber cloth as a flexible photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector. By decorated noble metal Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 nanowires, the photocurrent was improved from 35.9 μA cm−2 to 268.4 μA cm−2, and the rise and decay time were increased by 0.14 s and 0.12 s, respectively. Moreover, the recombination of photon-generated electrons and holes was also decreased in photoanode due to the Schottky barrier between Ag and TiO2. This work provided an approach to promote the performances of the PEC UV photodetector.
Absorption and quantum efficiency of GeSn nanopillar arrays for infrared detectors
Authors: He Jianwei , Liu Lei , Wang Zhidong , Tian Jian , Cao Zhihao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the optical absorption and quantum efficiency of germanium-tin (GeSn) materials with a tin(Sn) content of 4.5%, and their potential applications in infrared optoelectronic systems. It has two forms which are crystalline(c-GeSn) and amorphous(a-GeSn) states. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used to simulate the absorption of c-GeSn and a-GeSn. By optimising the period, radius and height of the nanopillars, the optimal parameters were determined, and it was found that the c-GeSn nanopillars in that case had a very stable and excellent absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) band. Calculated by MATLAB that the cylindrical nanopillars could reach a maximum quantum efficiency of 3.67% at 1350 nm. It is anticipated that this study will contribute to the further understanding of GeSn and provide a theoretical basis for designing high-performance infrared photodetectors.
Uncertainty of quantum channels based on symmetrized ρ-absolute variance and modified Wigner-Yanase skew information
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhang Qing-Hua , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the uncertainty relations in terms of the symmetrized ρ-absolute variance, which generalizes the uncertainty relations for arbitrary operators (not necessarily Hermitian) to quantum channels. By employing the quantity ∣U

ρ
∣(Φ) proposed by Zhang et
al (2023) Quantum Inf. Process. 22, 456, we also establish tighter uncertainty relations for quantum channels by using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Detailed examples are provided to illustrate the tightness of our results.
Role of oxide charges on the voltage and current coupling effects between adjacent devices examined by concentric metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) tunnel diodes with ultra-thin oxide
Authors: Kao Chi-Yi , Huang Sung-Wei , Shih Hui-Xin , Lin Wei-Cheng , Feng Sin-Yong , Hwu Jenn-Gwo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The impacts of positive oxide charges within the silicon oxide (SiO2) layer on the coupling mechanism in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS)-coupled devices were studied. By employing the post-metallization annealing (PMA) process, the condition of coupled devices with fewer oxide charges was established. In terms of coupled voltage, the presence of oxide charges facilitated the transmission of gate voltage-induced quasi-Fermi level splitting to neighboring devices, resulting in the induction of coupled voltage. Conversely, with few oxide charges, no coupled voltage was observed at the neighboring device. Additionally, positive oxide charges induced an inversion channel at the silicon surface, fostering the sharing of minority carriers in the conducting channel between adjacent devices. The saturation currents of non-PMA devices were 104 times larger than PMA devices. Less oxide charge will induce less coupling. These mechanisms were validated through TCAD simulations. Furthermore, the impact of oxide charges on photo-sensing was discussed, revealing that oxide charges enhanced the light absorption area and increased photon-induced carriers. However, the PMA devices showed a larger light-to-dark current ratio (>300) due to a smaller dark current.
Theoretical study of the strong piezo-phototronic effect in 2D monochalcogenides for multi-junction solar cells
Authors: Antwi Victor , Gyan Michael , Appiah Desmond , Acquah Isaac Kwesi , Wuver Fortune Addo , Jebuni-Adanu Cynthia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The piezophototronic effect is a new scientific area that investigates the synergistic interactions of piezoelectric, semiconductor, and photoexcitation features. This effect is seen in crystals lacking inversion symmetry, where applied strain alters electronic transport and provides a way to modify material properties. Monolayer 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and group IV monochalcogenides, have higher piezoelectric coefficients than conventional piezoelectric materials. This study proposes the development of a stable, high-performance multijunction solar cell (MJSC) leveraging the piezo-phototronic effect. The emphasis is on single-type 5-layer 2D monochalcogenides (SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe) with the assistance of strain engineering. Surprisingly, the ultrathin parallel-connected solar cell achieves an electric power conversion efficiency of over 31% when tested under blackbody radiation, surpassing the recognized Shockley–Queisser (S-Q) limit. The piezophototronic effect improves solar cell performance while also addressing voltage mismatch issues. This work introduces a novel approach to developing and manufacturing high-efficiency and robust monolayer multijunction photovoltaic solar cells (MJPSC) based on 2D monochalcogenides.
Revisiting the fastest way to circle a black hole
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The shortest time for a null particle traveling between two arbitrary points outside a static spherically symmetric black hole is revisited. We introduce a functional for the time taken by a null particle in traveling on the path between the two points. By variating the time functional, we analyze the possible path with the shortest travel time for the null particle. It is analytically proven that the Euler–Lagrange equation corresponding to the time-functional for finding the path with the shortest traveling time is equivalent to the geodesics equation. This is in agreement with Hod’s conjecture on the fastest way to circle a black hole. We apply the formalism to the dirty black hole in Einstein-square-root nonlinear electrodynamics-dilaton theory. We calculate explicitly the time measured by an asymptotic observer which is needed for a null particle to circle the dirty black hole. Accordingly, a null particle circling the dirty black hole on an almost circular path of radius infinity achieves the shortest time.
Fast likelihood-free reconstruction of gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Dimitriou Androniki , Figueroa Daniel G. , Zaldívar Bryan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We apply state-of-the-art, likelihood-free statistical inference (machine-learning-based)
techniques for reconstructing the spectral shape of a gravitational wave background (GWB). We
focus on the reconstruction of an arbitrarily shaped signal (approximated by a piecewise power-law
in many frequency bins) by the LISA detector, but the method can be easily extended to either
template-dependent signals, or to other detectors, as long as a characterisation of the
instrumental noise is available. As proof of the technique, we quantify the ability of LISA to
reconstruct signals of arbitrary spectral shape (blind reconstruction), considering a
diversity of frequency profiles, and including astrophysical backgrounds in some cases. As a
teaser of how the method can reconstruct signals characterised by a parameter-dependent template
(template reconstruction), we present a dedicated study for power-law signals. While our
technique has several advantages with respect to traditional MCMC methods, we validate it with the
latter for concrete cases. This work opens the door for both fast and accurate Bayesian parameter
estimation of GWBs, with essentially no computational overhead during the inference step. Our set
of tools are integrated into the package GWBackFinder, which is publicly available in
GitHub.
Generalized uncertainty principle from the regularized self-energy
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Farag Ali Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We use the Schrödinger–Newton equation to calculate the regularized self-energy of a particle using a regular self-gravitational and electrostatic potential derived in string T-duality. The particle mass M is no longer concentrated into a point but is diluted and described by a quantum-corrected smeared energy density resulting in corrections to the energy of the particle, which is interpreted as a regularized self-energy. We extend our results and find corrections to the relativistic particles using the Klein–Gordon, Proca and Dirac equations. An important finding is that we extract a form of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) from the corrected energy. This form of the GUP is shown to depend on the nature of particles; namely, for bosons (spin 0 and spin 1) we obtain a quadratic form of the GUP, while for fermions (spin 1/2) we obtain a linear form. The correlation we find between spin and GUP may offer insights for investigating quantum gravity.
Valley-selective manipulation of moiré excitons through optical Stark effect
Authors: Xu 徐 Chenran 晨燃 , Zhou 周 Jichen 纪晨 , Shan 单 Zhexu 哲旭 , Su 苏 Wenjian 文健 , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wang 王 Dawei 大伟 , Tang 汤 Yanhao 衍浩 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Semiconductor moiré superlattices provide great platforms for exploring exotic collective excitations. Optical Stark effect, a shift of the electronic transition in the presence of a light field, provides an ultrafast and coherent method of manipulating matter states, which, however, has not been demonstrated in moiré materials. Here, we report the valley-selective optical Stark effect of moiré excitons in the WSe2/WS2 superlattice by using transient reflection spectroscopy. Prominent valley-selective energy shifts up to 7.8 meV have been observed for moiré excitons, corresponding to pseudo-magnetic fields as large as 34 T. Our results provide a route to coherently manipulate exotic states in moiré superlattices.
Possible Remediation Approaches for Wastewater Containing Dyes; A Review
Authors: Abuzeyad Osama H. , El-Khawaga Ahmed M. , Tantawy Hesham , Gobara Mohamed , Elsayed Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the most serious environmental problems is water scarcity and water pollution is a worldwide issue that can have an impact on people, plants, animals, and trees. Reusing wastewater makes sense in light of the limited availability of freshwater sources to conserve and expand the pool of available water sources. Numerous things can contaminate water supplies. Although the fundamental concepts are usually the same, the process of water restoration may vary from one location to another based on the source of contamination. Dyes are a versatile group of organic compounds found in many industries ranging from textiles, papermaking, leather tanning, and food processing. However, untreated or partially treated dye-containing wastewater in the environment can have a significant impact on human health and ecosystems. Dyes can color water bodies, making them aesthetically displeasing and inhibiting the penetration of sunlight. This may cause water plants and algae to produce less. While certain dyes are carcinogenic or mutagenic to humans, others are poisonous to aquatic life.
Valorisation of water hyacinth for different engineering applications
Authors: Elbhnsawi Zeinab Ahmed , Aboelazayem Omar , Farrag Nessren M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nature has many elements that can be beneficial or harmful. One of these elements is water hyacinth (WH) which is an aquatic weed found in water bodies such as rivers and lakes and it has an invasive nature due to its rapid growth rate. On the contrary, water hyacinth, despite its classification as an invasive plant species, possesses a multitude of industrial and engineering applications, demonstrating substantial potential for valorisation into various products. Its versatile attributes and widespread availability render water hyacinth a viable resource for deployment across several sectors, including wastewater treatment, bioenergy generation, bioremediation, and sustainable agriculture. The objective of this paper is to analyse methodologies for the valorisation of water hyacinth, with the explicit goal of mitigating its adverse environmental effects.
The potentials of copper chromite nanoparticles on ammonium nitrate decomposition: Towards eco-friendly oxidizers for green solid propellants
Authors: Ashraf Ahmed , Fahd Ahmed , Mostafa Hosam E. , Yossef E.M. , Elbasuney Sherif 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the universal oxidizer for solid propellants; AP combustion is accompanied with the release of white smoke (HCl). HCl has raised an environmental concern; it could cause acidic rain and deteriorate the fertile soil. Chlorine free and eco-friendly oxidizers are highly appreciated for green solid propellants. Ammonium nitrate (AN) could be the greener substitute for AP; yet AN expose low performance. Whereas AP demonstrated exothermic decomposition with the release of -733 J/g; AN demonstrated strong endothermic decomposition process of +1707 J/g. AN with strong endothermic decomposition process could render high burning rates. Copper chromite Nano catalyst of 45 nm was developed via hydrothermal synthesis. Copper chromite was integrated into AN matrix. Catalyzed AN demonstrated advanced exothermic decomposition enthalpy of -1492 J/g. Catalysed AN experienced diminish in activation energy by - 41.5 %, and – 40.6 % using Kissinger and Ozawa models respectively. Copper chromite NPs could secure novel catalytic effect via condensed phase reactions of chromium, and copper ions with nitrate ions (NO-3) to develop NOx gases. This catalytic effect can secure alternative pathway with low energy barrier. Consequently, catalysed AN can expose novel characteristics as a green eco-friendly oxidizer.
Construction of heterojunction superparamagnetic Cd0.5Ag0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposite photocatalyst for simulated textile effluent oxidation
Authors: Mangood Ahmed H. , Salama Eman Sh. , El-Sayed Ibrahim E.T. , Fouad Mai K. , Tony MA. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Significant attempts have been recently made regarding nanomaterials due to their several environmental applications especially in wastewater treatment technologies. Among the available nanoparticles, ferrite based substances are gaining a special interest since their superior characteristics such as their magnetic nature, high adsorption capacity and large specific surface area. In this regard, Cd0.5Ag0.5Fe2O4 was prepared using the green simple co-precipitation route. Then, the sample is characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) that proved the produced material’s surface morphology. The substance is then employed as a catalyst source for Fenton reaction to oxidize textile effluent solution containing Rhodamine B (Rh-B 6G) dye. The oxidation experiment conducted under ultraviolet (UV) light with the ferrite-based Fenton catalyst supplemented with hydrogen peroxide showed an exceptional removal rate of up to 94% removals. Notably, the oxidation system is significantly impacted by the operational variables. The oxidation efficiency of the dye was maximized at pH 3.0 and 50 mg/L and 1600 mg/L for ferrite-based Fenton catalyst and H2O2, respectively. The impacts of the operational factors, i.e. initial pH value, initial dye concentration, catalyst, and H2O2 concentrations were also investigated. This perspective introduces the role of a superparamagnetic material to be a recyclable sustained catalyst.
Recent development of metal-organic frameworks as a novel flame-retardant in polymeric applications
Authors: Elashker A , Eldakhakhny A M , Mokhtar M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The increasing concern regarding hazardous fires related to polymeric materials has prompted numerous research into eco-friendly flame retardants. in recent years metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising flame-retardant materials, characterized by metal-containing units linked to organic linkers to create strong and porous crystalline frameworks. The organic ligands make MOFs possess significant surface area and adsorption properties desirable for different applications including flame retardancy. This paper gathers many of the recently published to discuss the use performance of polymer composites with MOFs for flame retardancy in comparison with polymeric composite materials without MOFs. Besides, a comparison based on mechanical, physical, and thermal properties shows the effect of MOF on the total effectiveness of the polymeric composite materials. This paper is of great interest to both the readers involved in the sphere of heat-resistance materials, encompassing contemporary advanced composite materials used for dampening hazardous fires. Furthermore, prospective trends, including the integration of innovative fillers such as MOFs in rubber composites such as NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer), and silicone rubber, are deliberated upon.
Behavior and Mobility of U Series Radionuclides during Gibbsite Processing, Abu Thor Locality, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Attia R. M. , Harpy N. M. , Sarhan H. K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gamma spectrometry was employed to measure the natural activity of radionuclides using High purity germanium detector during the leaching of gibbsite sample from Abu Thor locality using three different organic agents. Among these agents, EDTA exhibited the lowest leaching efficiency for 238U, approximately 21%, while oxalic and citric acids achieved efficiencies of 42.77% and 32.44%, respectively. The leaching process revealed that the leaching efficiency of 234U and 232Th were higher than that of 238U, 230Th, and 235U. Additionally, the radionuclides 226Ra, 214Pb, and 214Bi were predominantly found in the residue of the three organic agents. The oxalic acid residual sample shows the highest ratios for 230Th/238U, 226Ra/238U, and 226Ra/230Th ratios, all exceeding 1, with values of 1.33, 1.6, and 1.22, respectively. Therefore, the 226Ra/238U ratio is deemed superior for studying the behavior and mobility of U.
Improving the energetic properties of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene in PBX mixture
Authors: Hussein A K , Abdelhafiz M , Elbeih A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The new eyesight in the energetic materials focuses on reserving high efficiency together with optimization of safe handling. In this study, a novel nitramine, cis1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX), is combined with 1,1diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX7), and bound by a styrene-butadiene rubber fabricating an insensitive plastic bonded explosive (PBX) mixture. The obtained PBX was fully characterized in comparison with the familiar explosives; SEMTEX, EPX1 and other PBXs, filled by RDX (1,3,5trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane), HMX (1,3,5,7tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine). The related individual fillers were also included. Sensitivities to various stimuli and the velocities of detonation were measured for the composites in comparison with the selected explosives. EXPLO 05 has been applied to obtain the detonation properties of the tested explosives. Different relationships (comparing performance with sensitivities) are stated and discussed. The results showed that BC/FOX7 - SBR has very low sensitivity compared with the studied compositions while its performance has larger values.
A distribution network carbon metering method and user carbon emission characterization method considering the influence of harmonics
Authors: Chunyan Wang , Da Lu , Helong Li , Hao Chen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel carbon metering method for distribution grids that fully considers the impact of harmonics on the grid. Harmonics are sinusoidal waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, and the presence of harmonics can lead to power losses, damage to equipment and degradation of power quality, thus increasing carbon emissions from the grid. Currently available carbon measurement methods often do not take this into account, so a more accurate method is needed to assess the carbon emissions of distribution grids. This new method, based on the carbon flow theory of trending power distribution, combines harmonic energy correction and node carbon potential correction, and is able to accurately calculate the carbon emissions as well as the harmonic carbon correction for each node and branch in the distribution network. In order to evaluate the carbon behavior characteristics of users more comprehensively, the study also adopts the DTW-K-Means clustering technique to group distribution network users. This innovative approach provides an effective technical means and theoretical basis for the monitoring, assessment and management of distribution network carbon emissions. This innovative method provides effective technical means and theoretical basis for distribution network carbon emission monitoring, assessment and management, not only considering the impact of harmonics on power metering, but also more accurately portraying the carbon behavior of users, which is expected to provide strong support for the reduction of grid carbon emissions.
New technology research of efficient utilization of geothermal energy
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Tao , Zhang Biyong , Lei Zhou 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Geothermal energy is being widely valued as a clean energy source. Underground structure has a controlling influence on the geothermal development. If the underground structure can be visualized, it is the key technology to improve the geothermal development. Through the streaming potential detection technology, under the action of external pressure, the liquid can be forced to flow through the solid pores to generate directional flow, and the flow potential can be generated at both ends of the solid pores. Different streaming potential phenomena under pressure can help engineer to distinguish different geological structures. A set of laboratory tests was designed to prove the feasibility and accuracy of this proposed detection methods, and tests were conducted using the core injection system and the streaming potential tester to carry out injection on sandstone specimens of two different structures, to study the effect of different injection pressures and different salinity on variation of streaming potential in sandstone. The laboratory test results show that the flow potential is accompanied by the liquid injection process in the sandstone specimen, and the flow potential produced by the sandstone with different porosity is obviously different, so the flow potential accompanying the actual rock injection process can be used to distinguish different geological structures, and this study provides a new idea for studying geological structures, and are expected to improve the efficiency of geothermal development.