bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-carbon metabolites supplementation and nutrient restriction alter the fetal liver metabolomic profile during early gestation in beef heifers
Authors: Safain Kazi Sarjana , Crouse Matthew S , Syring Jessica G , Entzie Yssi L , King Layla E , Hirchert Mara R , Ward Alison K , Reynolds Lawrence P , Borowicz Pawel P , Dahlen Carl R , Swanson Kendall C , Caton Joel S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Maternal nutrition is pivotal for proper fetal development, with one-carbon metabolites (OCM) playing a key role in fetal epigenetic programming through DNA and histone methylation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and OCM supplementation on fetal liver metabolomics in pregnant beef-heifers, focusing on metabolites and pathways associated with amino acid, vitamin and cofactor, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism at day 63 of gestation. Thirty-one crossbred Angus heifers were artificially inseminated and allocated to 4 nutritional treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the 2 factors being dietary intake/rate of gain (control-diet [CON]; 0.60 kg/d ADG, vs. restricted-diet [RES]; −0.23 kg/d ADG) and OCM supplementation (supplemented [+OCM] vs. not supplemented [−OCM]). The resulting treatment groups—CON − OCM, CON + OCM, RES − OCM, and RES + OCM were maintained for 63 day post-breeding. Following this period, fetal liver tissues were collected and subjected to metabolomic analysis using UPLC-tandem mass-spectrometry. We identified 288 metabolites, with the majority (n = 54) being significantly influenced by the main effect of gain (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RES showed decreased abundances of most metabolites in pathways such as lysine metabolism; leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism, compared to CON. Supplementation with OCM vs. no OCM supplementation, resulted in greater abundance of metabolites (P ≤ 0.05) affecting pathways associated with methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and taurine metabolism; guanidino and acetamido metabolism; and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Notably, OCM supplementation with a moderate rate of gain increased the concentrations of ophthalmate, N-acetylglucosamine, and ascorbic-acid 3-sulfate, which are important for proper fetal development (P ≤ 0.05). Nutrient restriction reduced the majority of liver metabolites, while OCM supplementation increased a smaller number of metabolites. Thus, OCM supplementation may be protective of metabolite concentrations in key developmental pathways, which could potentially enhance fetal development under nutrient-restricted conditions.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of the common eider, Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Tørresen Ole K , Kersten Oliver , Garmann-Aarhus Benedicte , Helberg Morten , Tooming-Klunderud Ave , Skage Morten , Boessenkool Sanne , Jakobsen Kjetill S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The common eider, Somateria mollissima mollissima (Chordata; Aves; Anseriformes; Anatidae), is a large sea duck with a circumpolar distribution. We here describe a chromosome-level genome assembly from an individual female. The haplotype-resolved assembly contains one pseudo-haplotype spanning 1,205 megabases (with both Z and W sex chromosomes) and one pseudo-haplotype spanning 1,080 megabases. Most of these two assemblies (91.13% and 93.18%, respectively) are scaffolded into 32 autosomal chromosomal pseudomolecules plus Z and W for pseudo-haplotype one. The BUSCO completeness scores are 94.0% and 89.9%, respectively, and gene annotations of the assemblies identified 17,479 and 16,315 protein coding genes. Annotation of repetitive sequences classify 17.84% and 14.62% of pseudo-haplotype one and two, respectively, as repeats. The genome of the common eider will be a useful resource for the widely distributed northern species in light of climate change and anthropogenic threats.
The Interpretation of Relative and Absolute Adjectives Under Negation
Authors: Alexandropoulou Stavroula , Gotzner Nicole 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Negation typically has a contradictory effect on interpretation. At the same time, negated statements are often underinformative, which leaves room for pragmatic effects such as negative strengthening, where negated adjectives are pragmatically strengthened to convey their antonym (e.g., not large $\leadsto $ ‘small’). Here, we investigate a theoretical controversy relating to the mechanism deriving negative strengthening effects. According to Horn's (1989) account negative strengthening arises on the basis of social considerations, whereas on Krifka's (2007) account it arises via complexity-based considerations, yielding distinct interpretation patterns. We applied Horn's (1989) and Krifka's (2007) accounts to three distinct cases of negated antonymic adjectives: informationally weak relative adjectives, informationally weak absolute adjectives, and informationally strong gradable adjectives. Our experimental results demonstrate different interpretation patterns for weak relative (large/small) and weak absolute gradable adjectives (clean/dirty) under negation. These results confirm the predictions stemming from Horn's (1989) account of negative strengthening effects and highlight the importance of a semantic extension gap between antonymic predicates for the occurrence of negative strengthening. In contrast, our experimental findings concerning strong antonymic adjectives (e.g., not gigantic/not tiny) prima facie present challenges for Horn's (1989) analysis, while they do not endorse any alternative account.
Relationship between self-efficacy, coping, and sense of community in native and refugee adolescent girls
Authors: Öner Mücahide , Emiroğlu Oya-Nuran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the self-efficacy, coping styles, and sense of community of native and refugee adolescent girls, who receive the same education, is essential for developing a more comprehensive understanding of adolescent development. This study compares the self-efficacy, coping, and sense of community of native and refugee adolescent girl students. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 384 native and refugee adolescent girl students in Turkey with an average of 16.05 years (SD = 1.34). Refugee adolescent girls were found to have higher levels of academic self-efficacy and sense of community than native adolescent girls. As the number of adolescents’ friends increased, their self-efficacy levels also increased. Native and refugee adolescent girls have similar needs, so effective and appropriate school-based programs with a more family-oriented approach that focuses on mothers should be implemented to develop adolescents’ self-efficacy, coping skills, and sense of community.
Surgical treatment of traumatic rupture of the teres major tendon in a professional gymnast: a case report
Authors: Berto Leonardo , Paroneto Arthur Cardoso , Vasconcelos Gabriel Ferreira Santos , Lima Ewerton Borges de Souza , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Ejnisman Benno 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Teres major injuries are rare and are generally treated conservatively, except in high-performance athletes. This report describes a case of traumatic rupture of the teres major at its myotendinous junction in a professional gymnast. The patient underwent surgical treatment 10 days after the injury. Six months post-surgery, the patient achieved complete recovery of the range of motion and strength, returning to the pre-injury performance level, guided by physiotherapy rehabilitation. This is the first documented case in the literature of surgical treatment of this injury in a professional gymnast. The main lesson from this case is that early surgical repair in elite athletes can result in excellent functional outcomes and allow return to sport at the pre-injury performance level.
General Provisions
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the general provisions constituting the highest layer of the Digital Services Act (DSA). It explains that the provisions primarily serve as a basis for teleological interpretation of its provisions. Moreover, the provisions of Article 1 highlighted the objectives and subjective matters of the DSA. The chapter then discusses the DSA's objective of contributing to the proper functioning of the internal market and ensuring a safe, predictable, and trusted online environment. It then details the provisions as per Articles 2 and 3 of the DSA, both of which are also vital to delimiting the DSA’s scope of application in general and in relation to other EU acts.
Due Diligence Obligations for a Transparent and Safe Online Environment
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the due diligence obligations for a transparent and safe online environment. It notes the complexity of the position of online search engines. The lowest tier of due diligence obligations imposed on the broadest category of intermediary service providers applies regardless of the intermediary service and the size of the provider. The chapter then discusses the significance of online platforms in the dissemination of information as the societal risks related to their activity differ in nature and scale. It explains the self-regulation of digital services, so standards, codes of conduct, and crisis protocols primarily aim to achieve coordination and ensure a safe online environment.
A Novel Expression Domain of extradenticle Underlies the Evolutionary Developmental Origin of the Chelicerate Patella
Authors: Klementz Benjamin C , Brenneis Georg , Hinne Isaac A , Laumer Ethan M , Neu Sophie M , Hareid Grace M , Gainett Guilherme , Setton Emily V W , Simian Catalina , Vrech David E , Joyce Isabella , Barnett Austen A , Patel Nipam H , Harvey Mark S , Peretti Alfredo V , Gulia-Nuss Monika , Sharma Prashant P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neofunctionalization of duplicated gene copies is thought to be an important process underlying the origin of evolutionary novelty and provides an elegant mechanism for the origin of new phenotypic traits. One putative case where a new gene copy has been linked to a novel morphological trait is the origin of the arachnid patella, a taxonomically restricted leg segment. In spiders, the origin of this segment has been linked to the origin of the paralog dachshund-2, suggesting that a new gene facilitated the expression of a new trait. However, various arachnid groups that possess patellae do not have a copy of dachshund-2, disfavoring the direct link between gene origin and trait origin. We investigated the developmental genetic basis for patellar patterning in the harvestman Phalangium opilio, which lacks dachshund-2. Here, we show that the harvestman patella is established by a novel expression domain of the transcription factor extradenticle. Leveraging this definition of patellar identity, we surveyed targeted groups across chelicerate phylogeny to assess when this trait evolved. We show that a patellar homolog is present in Pycnogonida (sea spiders) and various arachnid orders, suggesting a single origin of the patella in the ancestor of Chelicerata. A potential loss of the patella is observed in Ixodida. Our results suggest that the modification of an ancient gene, rather than the neofunctionalization of a new gene copy, underlies the origin of the patella. Broadly, this work underscores the value of comparative data and broad taxonomic sampling when testing hypotheses in evolutionary developmental biology.
Engineered Cas9 variants bypass Keap1-mediated degradation in human cells and enhance epigenome editing efficiency
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Su Siyuan , Pickar-Oliver Adrian , Chiarella Anna M , Hahn Quentin , Goldfarb Dennis , Cloer Erica W , Small George W , Sivashankar Smaran , Ramsden Dale A , Major Michael B , Hathaway Nathaniel A , Gersbach Charles A , Liu Pengda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a potent and convenient genome-editing tool, Cas9 has been widely used in biomedical research and evaluated in treating human diseases. Numerous engineered variants of Cas9, dCas9 and other related prokaryotic endonucleases have been identified. However, as these bacterial enzymes are not naturally present in mammalian cells, whether and how bacterial Cas9 proteins are recognized and regulated by mammalian hosts remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Keap1 as a mammalian endogenous E3 ligase that targets Cas9/dCas9/Fanzor for ubiquitination and degradation in an ‘ETGE’-like degron-dependent manner. Cas9-‘ETGE’-like degron mutants evading Keap1 recognition display enhanced gene editing ability in cells. dCas9-‘ETGE’-like degron mutants exert extended protein half-life and protein retention on chromatin, leading to improved CRISPRa and CRISPRi efficacy. Moreover, Cas9 binding to Keap1 also impairs Keap1 function by competing with Keap1 substrates or binding partners for Keap1 binding, while engineered Cas9 mutants show less perturbation of Keap1 biology. Thus, our study reveals a mammalian specific Cas9 regulation and provides new Cas9 designs not only with enhanced gene regulatory capacity but also with minimal effects on disrupting endogenous Keap1 signaling.
A global overview of health system financing and available infrastructure and oversight for kidney care
Authors: Yeung Emily K , Khanal Rohan , Sarki Abdulshahid , Arruebo Silvia , Damster Sandrine , Donner Jo-Ann , Caskey Fergus J , Jha Vivekanand , Levin Adeera , Nangaku Masaomi , Saad Syed , Ye Feng , Okpechi Ikechi G , Bello Aminu K , Tonelli Marcello , Johnson David W 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Governance, health financing, and service delivery are critical elements of health systems for provision of robust and sustainable chronic disease care. We leveraged the third iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA) to evaluate oversight and financing for kidney care worldwide.

Methods
A survey was administered to stakeholders from countries affiliated with the ISN from July to September 2022. We evaluated funding models utilized for reimbursement of medications, services for the management of chronic kidney disease, and provision of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). We also assessed oversight structures for the delivery of kidney care.

Results
Overall, 167 of the 192 countries and territories contacted responded to the survey, representing 97.4% of the global population. High-income countries tended to use public funding to reimburse all categories of kidney care in comparison with low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle income countries (LMICs). In countries where public funding for KRT was available, 78% provided universal health coverage. The proportion of countries that used public funding to fully reimburse care varied for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (27%), dialysis for acute kidney injury (either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) (44%), chronic hemodialysis (45%), chronic peritoneal dialysis (42%), and kidney transplant medications (36%). Oversight for kidney care was provided at a national level in 63% of countries, and at a state/provincial level in 28% of countries.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated significant gaps in universal care coverage, and in oversight and financing structures for kidney care, particularly in in LICs and LMICs.
Global access and quality of conservative kidney management
Authors: Hole Barnaby , Wearne Nicola , Arruebo Silvia , Caskey Fergus J , Damster Sandrine , Donner Jo-Ann , Jha Vivekanand , Levin Adeera , Nangaku Masaomi , Saad Syed , Tonelli Marcello , Ye Feng , Okpechi Ikechi G , Bello Aminu K , Johnson David W , Davison Sara N 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Conservative kidney management (CKM) describes supportive care for people living with kidney failure who choose not to receive or are unable to access kidney replacement therapy (KRT). This study captured the global availability of CKM services and funding.

Methods
Data came from the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health survey conducted between June and September 2022. Availability of CKM, infrastructure, guidelines, medications and training were evaluated.

Results
CKM was available in some form in 61% of the 165 responding countries. CKM chosen through shared decision-making was available in 53%. Choice-restricted CKM—for those unable to access KRT—was available in 39%. Infrastructure to provide CKM chosen through shared decision-making was associated with national income level, reported as being “generally available” in most healthcare settings for 71% of high-income countries, 50% of upper-middle-income countries, 33% of lower-middle-income countries and 42% of low-income countries. For choice-restricted CKM, these figures were 29%, 50%, 67% and 58%, respectively. Essential medications for pain and palliative care were available in just over half of the countries, highly dependent upon income setting. Training for caregivers in symptom management in CKM was available in approximately a third of countries.

Conclusions
Most countries report some capacity for CKM. However, there is considerable variability in terms of how CKM is defined, as well as what and how much care is provided. Poor access to CKM perpetuates unmet palliative care needs, and must be addressed, particularly in low-resource settings where death from untreated kidney failure is common.
Ideologies of Political Constitutionalism
Authors: Greally Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For many political constitutionalists, the ordinary democratic process should be the constitution; constitutional entrenchment and strong-form judicial review should be avoided. But how is ordinary democratic politics understood by political constitutionalists? To answer this question, this article engages in an interpretative inquiry to delineate four distinct ideological readings of political constitutionalism—democratic socialist, liberal, republican and conservative—that are alive within the existing literature. It does so to explain how these readings articulate subtly different understandings of ordinary democratic politics. In doing so, it reflects on how to identify political constitutionalist thought; how political constitutionalism can appeal to different ideologies; how ideologies have influenced the theory’s intellectual development; and the ideological conditions required to sustain a political constitution.
Radiotherapy with targeted and immunotherapy improved overall survival and progression-free survival for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis
Authors: Ma Jianing , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Ruipeng , Wang Shudong , Ding Lijuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is still unclear. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of RT combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in HCC with PVTT.

Materials and Methods
Seventy-two patients with HCC with PVTT treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor with or without RT from December 2019 to December 2023 were included. After propensity score matching (PSM) for adjusting baseline differences, 32 pairs were identified in RT + TKI + PD-1 group (n = 32) and TKI + PD-1 group (n = 32). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).

Results
Median OS (mOS) in RT + TKI + PD-1 group was significantly longer than TKI + PD-1 group (15.6 vs. 8.2 months, P = .008). Median PFS (mPFS) in RT + TKI + PD-1 group was dramatically longer than TKI + PD-1 group (8.1 vs. 5.2 months, P = .011). Patients in TKI + PD-1 + RT group showed favorable ORR and DCR compared with TKI + PD-1 group (78.1% vs. 56.3%, P = .055; 93.8% vs. 81.3%, P = .128). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a remarkable OS and PFS benefit with TKI + PD-1 + RT for patients with main PVTT (type III/IV) and those of Child-Pugh class A. Multivariate analysis confirmed RT + TKI + PD-1 as an independent prognostic factor for longer OS (HR 0.391, P = .024) and longer PFS (HR 0.487, P = .013), with no mortality or severe TRAEs.

Conclusion
RT combined with TKI and PD-1 inhibitor could significantly improve mOS and mPFS without inducing severe TRAEs or mortality.
A Comprehensive 2022 Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction
Authors: Goyal Amit , Welch Ivo , Zafirov Athanasse 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our paper reexamines whether 29 variables from 26 papers published after Goyal and Welch 2008, as well as the original 17 variables, were useful in predicting the equity premium in-sample and out-of-sample as of the end of 2021. Our samples include the original periods in which these variables were identified, but end later. More than one-third of these new variables no longer have empirical significance even in-sample. Of those that do, half have poor out-of-sample performance. A small number of variables still perform reasonably well both in-sample and out-of-sample.
Intravenous fosfomycin indications and treatment outcomes in pediatric usage: analysis from a single center in Turkey
Authors: Kanık-Yüksek Saliha , Güneş Ömer , Gülhan Belgin , Erat Tuğba , Konca Hatice Kübra , Özen Seval , Yahşi Aysun , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Özkaya-Parlakay Aslınur 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Current data on fosfomycin usage in children are limited. We present data on the clinical use of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin in children. Hospitalized patients who received ≥3 days of IV fosfomycin between April 2021 and March 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-three episodes of infection in 39 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 5.35 (10 days to 17.5 years) years, and 54% were male. Infections were hospital-acquired in 79% of the episodes. Indications for fosfomycin were urinary tract infection (35%), bacteremia (32.6%), catheter-related bloodstream infection (16.3%), soft tissue infection (4.7%), sepsis (4.7%), surgical site infection (2.3%), burn infection (2.3%), and pneumonia (2.3%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in 46.5% of the episodes, and a pan-drug or extensive drug resistance was detected in 75% of them. Carbapenem was used before fosfomycin at significantly higher rates in K. pneumoniae episodes (P = .006). Most (88.5%) patients received fosfomycin as a combination therapy. Culture negativity was achieved in 80% of episodes within a median treatment period of 3 (2–22) days, which was significantly shorter in K. pneumoniae episodes (P &lt; .001). Treatment-related side effects were seen in 9.3% of the episodes. Side effects were significant after 3 weeks of treatment (P = .013). The unresponsivity rate to fosfomycin was 23.3%. Nine (21%) of the patients who were followed up in the intensive care units mainly died because of sepsis (56%). IV fosfomycin is an effective agent in treating severe pediatric infections caused by resistant microorganisms. Fosfomycin can be used in various indications and is generally safe for children.