bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfonylurea Receptor-1: A Novel Biomarker for Cerebral Edema in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jha Ruchira M. , Puccio Ava M. , Chou Sherry Hsiang-Yi , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Wallisch Jessica S. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Zusman Benjamin E. , Shutter Lori A. , Poloyac Samuel M. , Janesko-Feldman Keri L. , Okonkwo David O. , Kochanek Patrick M. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Cerebral edema is a key poor prognosticator in traumatic brain injury. There are no biomarkers identifying patients at-risk, or guiding mechanistically-precise therapies. Sulfonylurea receptor-1–transient receptor potential cation channel M4 is upregulated only after brain injury, causing edema in animal studies. We hypothesized that sulfonylurea receptor-1 is measurable in human cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury and is an informative biomarker of edema and outcome.

Design:
A total of 119 cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 28 severe traumatic brain injury patients. Samples were retrieved at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and before external ventricular drain removal. Fifteen control samples were obtained from patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Sulfonylurea receptor- 1 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Outcomes included CT edema, intracranial pressure measurements, therapies targeting edema, and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale score.

Main Results:
Sulfonylurea receptor-1 was present in all severe traumatic brain injury patients (mean = 3.54 ± 3.39 ng/mL, peak = 7.13 ± 6.09 ng/mL) but undetectable in all controls (p < 0.001). Mean and peak sulfonylurea receptor-1 was higher in patients with CT edema (4.96 ± 1.13 ng/mL vs 2.10 ± 0.34 ng/mL; p = 0.023). There was a temporal delay between peak sulfonylurea receptor-1 and peak intracranial pressure in 91.7% of patients with intracranial hypertension. There was no association between mean/peak sulfonylurea receptor-1 and mean/peak intracranial pressure, proportion of intracranial pressure greater than 20 mm Hg, use of edema-directed therapies, decompressive craniotomy, or 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale. However, decreasing sulfonylurea receptor-1 trajectories between 48 and 72 hours were significantly associated with improved cerebral edema and clinical outcome. Area under the multivariate model receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.881.

Conclusions:
This is the first report quantifying human cerebrospinal fluid sulfonylurea receptor-1. Sulfonylurea receptor-1 was detected in severe traumatic brain injury, absent in controls, correlated with CT-edema and preceded peak intracranial pressure. Sulfonylurea receptor-1 trajectories between 48 and 72 hours were associated with outcome. Because a therapy inhibiting sulfonylurea receptor-1 is available, assessing cerebrospinal fluid sulfonylurea receptor-1 in larger studies is warranted to evaluate our exploratory findings regarding its diagnostic, and monitoring utility, as well as its potential to guide targeted therapies in traumatic brain injury and other diseases involving cerebral edema.
Stimulant pharmacotherapy for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: cardiovascular effects and risk of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Pucci Mark 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Drugs for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are increasingly being used in adults. There have been concerns about the cardiovascular safety of stimulant attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs. Overall, studies in adults have shown small but statistically significant increases in heart rate and DBP and SBP, but have been relatively short term. Epidemiological studies have not clearly demonstrated an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, but a small increase in the risk cannot be ruled out.
Nitrite Prevents Right Ventricular Failure and Remodeling Induced by Pulmonary Artery Banding
Authors: Hu Jian , Sharifi-Sanjani Maryam , Tofovic Stevan P. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Nitrite has been shown to reduce right ventricle (RV) remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension. However, whether this effect is due to a reduction in RV afterload (ie, reduction in pulmonary artery pressure) or a direct effect on the RV itself remains unanswered. We hypothesize that nitrite has direct effects on RV remodeling and studied its effects in mice with pulmonary artery banding (PAB).

Methods and Results:
PAB decreased exercise tolerance and reduced RV systolic and diastolic function. Nitrite treatment attenuated the decrease in RV systolic function and improved the RV diastolic function. Nitrite-treated mice with PAB had similar exercise tolerance compared with a control group. PAB induced RV hypertrophy and fibrosis which were associated with increased expression of phospho-Akt. Interestingly, nitrite treatment attenuated PAB-induced RV hypertrophy and reduced the expression of phospho-Akt in RV tissue from mice with PAB. In neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast, nitrite also attenuated hypoxia-induced increase in expression of phospho-Akt.

Conclusion:
Our study indicates that nitrite treatment has direct beneficial effects on RV and improves function and attenuates remodeling in RV exposed to chronic pressure overload. These beneficial effects, at least in part, could be due to the inhibition of the phospho-Akt (p-Akt) pathway activation.
Clusters of midlife women by physical activity and their racial/ethnic differences
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Ko Young , Chee Eunice , Chee Wonshik , Mao Jun James 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of midlife women by physical activity and to determine racial/ethnic differences in physical activities in each cluster.

Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of the data from 542 women (157 non-Hispanic [NH] Whites, 127 Hispanics, 135 NH African Americans, and 123 NH Asian) in a larger Internet study on midlife women's attitudes toward physical activity. The instruments included the Barriers to Health Activities Scale, the Physical Activity Assessment Inventory, the Questions on Attitudes toward Physical Activity, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Behavioral Intention, and the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey. The data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analyses, analysis of variance, and multinominal logistic analyses.

Results:
A three-cluster solution was adopted: cluster 1 (high active living and sports/exercise activity group; 48%), cluster 2 (high household/caregiving and occupational activity group; 27%), and cluster 3 (low active living and sports/exercise activity group; 26%). There were significant racial/ethnic differences in occupational activities of clusters 1 and 3 (all P < 0.01). Compared with cluster 1, cluster 2 tended to have lower family income, less access to health care, higher unemployment, higher perceived barriers scores, and lower social influences scores (all P < 0.01). Compared with cluster 1, cluster 3 tended to have greater obesity, less access to health care, higher perceived barriers scores, more negative attitudes toward physical activity, and lower self-efficacy scores (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Midlife women's unique patterns of physical activity and their associated factors need to be considered in future intervention development.
The Physical Activity Patterns of Pregnant Taiwanese Women
Authors: Lee Ching-Fang , Hwang Fang-Ming , Lin Hsien-Ming , Chi Li-Kang , Chien Li-Yin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Physical activity reduces the risk of maternal disorders during pregnancy. However, many pregnant women reduce their levels of physical activity while pregnant.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the physical activity (total amount, intensity, type) of Taiwanese women during each trimester.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey used purposive sampling to enroll 581 Taiwanese women as participants. The physical activity of participants was measured using the Mandarin version of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results:
The levels of household/caregiving activity and occupational activity differed significantly across trimesters. Household/caregiving (43.2%–54.5%) and occupational activity (42.0%–54.0%) accounted for the largest percentages of total energy expenditure for all three trimesters. In terms of total and household/caregiving activities, multiparous women had significantly higher mean energy expenditures than their primiparous peers. Moreover, income had a pervasive influence on all types and amounts of physical activity and energy expenditures, respectively, with the exception of sports/exercise.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Further careful assessment of the types and intensities of physical activity that are suitable for pregnant women in different parity and income categories in Taiwan is necessary. Furthermore, healthcare providers should encourage pregnant women to use strategies that promote their more regular participation in enjoyable physical activities. One of these potential strategies is to do activities together with children, family members, or friends.
Comparison of Speech-in-Noise and Localization Benefits in Unilateral Hearing Loss Subjects Using Contralateral Routing of Signal Hearing Aids or Bone-Anchored Implants
Authors: Snapp Hillary A. , Holt Fred D. , Liu Xuezhong , Rajguru Suhrud M. 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
To compare the benefit of wireless contralateral routing of signal (CROS) technology to bone-anchored implant (BAI) technology in monaural listeners.

Study Design:
Prospective, single-subject.

Setting:
Tertiary academic referral center.

Patients:
Adult English speaking subjects using either a CROS hearing aid or BAI as treatment for unilateral severe-profound hearing loss.

Interventions:
Aided performance utilizing the subjects BAI or CROS hearing device.

Main Outcome Measures:
Outcome measures included speech-in-noise perception using the QuickSIN™ (Etymotic Research, Elkgrove Village, IL, 2001) speech-in-noise test and localization ability using narrow and broadband stimuli. Performance was measured in the unaided and aided condition and compared with normal hearing controls. Subjective outcomes measures included the Speech Spatial and Qualities hearing scale and the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile.

Results:
A significant improvement in speech-in-noise performance for monaural listeners (p < 0.0001) was observed, but there was no improvement in localization ability of either CROS or BAI users. There was no significant difference between CROS and BAI subject groups for either outcome measure. BAI recipients demonstrate higher initial disability and handicap over CROS hearing aid users. No significant difference was observed between treatment groups for subjective measures of post-treatment residual disability or satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that both CROS and BAI systems provide significant benefit for monaural listeners. There is no significant difference between CROS or BAI systems for objective measures of speech-in-noise performance. CROS and BAI hearing devices do not provide any localization benefit in the horizontal plane for monaural listeners and there is no significant difference between systems.
Activation of IGF1 Signaling in the Cochlea Induces the Transcription of Its Mediators During the Protection of Cochlear Hair Cells Against Aminoglycoside
Authors: Hayashi Yushi , Yamamoto Norio , Nakagawa Takayuki , Omori Koichi , Ito Juichi 
Published: November 2016

Hypothesis:
Transcription of the Erk and Akt genes and phosphorylation of their products are promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) during hair cell protection.

Background:
IGF1 protects mammalian hair cells in animal models from various types of damage, including aminoglycoside. Moreover, clinical trials have revealed that IGF1 was effective for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In this process, activation of the downstream of IGF1 signaling, including the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT proteins, is involved. However, the regulation of IGF1 signaling mediators at the transcriptional level has not been studied.

Methods:
We used a neomycin damage model on neonatal mouse cochlear explant culture. Explants established from neonatal mice were treated with either neomycin alone or neomycin and IGF1. The expression levels of IGF1 signaling mediator genes, Akt1, Mapk3, and Mapk1, in the explants were compared using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at several time points. Inhibitors of IGF1 signaling were added to confirm that this observation was dependent on IGF1 signaling.

Results:
The expression levels of all genes tested were significantly upregulated in neomycin+IGF1 treatment samples (p < 0.0001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Addition of inhibitors of IGF1 signaling significantly attenuated the upregulation of expression (p < 0.0001, ANOVA).

Conclusions:
IGF1 treatment upregulates the expression of its mediator genes during the protection of hair cells against aminoglycoside. The regulation of mediator gene expression may serve as a novel treatment for sensorineural hearing loss.
Comparison of Reduced Port Totally Laparoscopic-assisted Total Gastrectomy (Duet TLTG) and Conventional Laparoscopic-assisted Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Kim Han Byeol , Kim Su Mi , Ha Man Ho , Seo Jeong Eun , Choi Min-Gew , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer undergoing reduced port totally laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (duet TLTG) with those of patients undergoing conventional laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG).

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2013 and 2015, 54 patients with gastric cancer underwent LATG at the Samsung Medical Center. Duet TLTG using 3 ports was performed in 30 patients, and conventional LATG using 5 ports was performed in 24 patients. Either extracorporeal or intracorporeal anastomosis was used for esophagojejunostomy. Surgical outcomes were compared between the operation methods.

Results:
The operating time was similar for duet TLTG and conventional LATG [222 min (range, 163 to 287 min) vs. 233 min (range, 170 to 310 min), respectively; P=0.807]. Blood loss during surgery was also similar between duet TLTG and conventional LATG groups [100 mL (range, 50 to 400 mL) vs. 175 mL (range, 50 to 400 mL), respectively; P=0.249]. The median number of nodes dissected [duet TLTG vs. conventional LATG, 47 (20 to 67) vs. 41 (22 to 70), P=0.338] was not different between groups. Pain scores were 3.9, 3.3, and 2.9, and 3.9, 3.4, and 2.8, at postoperative days 1, 3, and 5, respectively, in the duet TLTG and the conventional LATG groups (P=0.857, 0.659, and 0.427, respectively). Overall complication rates in the duet TLTG and conventional LATG groups were not significantly different (36.7% vs. 16.7%, P=0.103).

Conclusions:
Duet TLTG is an acceptable procedure with quality of lymph node dissection, including the number of dissected lymph nodes and morbidity.
Self-Expandable Metal Stents in Esophageal Cancer in a High HIV Prevalence Area: A Survival Analysis and Evaluation of Prediction Scores
Authors: Loots Emil , Anderson Frank , Clarke Damian L. , Mulder Chris J.J. , Madiba Thandinkosi E. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Esophageal cancer (EC) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common in parts of South Africa. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa presents generally in advanced stages and is mostly palliated by the deployment of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS). This study analyses these relationships between coexistent HIV infection, SEMS deployment, and survival scores.

Methodology:
Information on patients managed with SEMS between October 2013 and December 2014 was retrieved from a prospective database of EC and followed up until April 2015. Data collected included demographics, HIV status, clinical presentation, prognostic indicators, management, and survival. Prognostic factors were calculated in relation to outcome.

Results:
One hundred five patients with EC had median ages of 61 (SD±11.4) and median body mass index of 17.45. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was diagnosed in 90 patients and adenocancer in 7 patients. Tumors were located in the proximal (10), middle (64), and distal (29) esophagus. Stage IV EC had a significant shorter survival of fewer than 3 months compared with stage III cancer (P=0.009). A C-reactive protein >150 mg/L was 3.6 times more likely to predict survival of fewer than 3 months than a value <50 mg/L (P=0.035). A proximal stent position significantly predicted shorter survival (P=0.035). The Steyerberg prognostic score proved ineffective in predicting survival of <3 months in our setting. Of the 84 patients tested for HIV, 23 were positive. Thirteen patients were on highly active antiretroviral therapy surviving significantly longer than those without this medication (P=0.036).

Conclusions:
Stage IV cancer and C-reactive protein >150 predicted survival of <3 months significantly better than the Steyerberg prediction score or other markers. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy had a positive impact on survival; however, SEMS placement in the proximal esophagus was associated with shorter survival.
Incidence of Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury During Open and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marcelissen Tom A.T. , Den Hollander Philip P. , Tuytten Tom R.A.H. , Sosef Meindert N. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Iatrogenic ureteral injury is a rare but potentially devastating complication of colorectal surgery. We evaluated the incidence and management of iatrogenic ureteral injuries in colorectal surgery during the transition phase from open to laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective single center study. All patients who underwent colorectal surgery between 2004 and 2014 were evaluated by collecting data of electronic patient charts. Both acute and elective procedures were included.

Results:
A total of 3302 colorectal procedures were performed in the study period. Of these, 2817 operations were performed open and 484 laparoscopically. A total of 23 iatrogenic ureteral injuries were identified, of which 5 were found during laparoscopic surgery. The cumulative incidence of ureteral injuries was 0.6% for open procedures and 1.0% for laparoscopic procedures.

Conclusions:
Ureteral injury is a rare complication of colorectal surgery. The incidence might rise with the increasing use of laparoscopy.
Lateral Versus Anterior Approach Laparoscopic Splenectomy: A Randomized-controlled Study
Authors: Fathi Adel , Eldamshety Osama , Bahy Osama , Denewer Adel , Fady Tamer , Shehatto Fayez , Khater Ashraf , Elnahas Waleed , Roshdy Sameh , Farouk Omar , Senbel Ahmed , Hamed Emad-Eldeen , Setit Ahmed 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The study compares prospectively the hospital stay and postoperative complications of anterior (ALS) versus lateral (LLS) approach for laparoscopic splenectomy.

Materials and Methods:
Between September 2011 and April 2015, 94 patients with splenomegaly were referred to the surgical unit in the Oncology Center of Mansoura University, Egypt. Only 80 patients with splenomegaly <30 cm underwent an open-label randomized allocation into 2 equal parallel groups. Indications were hematological in 52 patients (65%) and malignant splenic conditions in 28 patients (35%). Two patients younger than 18 years, 4 patients with splenomegaly >30 cm, and 8 patients with associated surgical comorbidities were excluded. Three days’ hospital stay reduction with LLS was suggested with a power of 80% and P-value of 0.05.

Results:
The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter (P=0.001) after LLS. Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 68 patients (85%). Twelve patients (15%) required open splenectomy with no difference between groups. The operation time was significantly shorter in LLS (P=0.013). Blood loss (P=0.057) and blood transfusion (P=0.376) showed no difference between the two groups. The times until resumption of oral intake (P=0.019) and drain removal (P=0.011) were statistically shorter in LLS.

Conclusions:
LLS is more safe and feasible with shorter hospital stay compared with ALS.
Application of Fluorescent Cholangiography for Determination of the Resection Line During a Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for a Benign Lesion of the Cystic Duct: Preliminary Experience
Authors: Nojiri Motoi , Igami Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Toyoda Yoshitaka , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Nagino Masato 
Published: November 2016

Background:
To avoid bile leakage from the stump of a cystic duct that is closed at edematous and/or involved areas, the decision regarding the location of the resection line during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign lesions extending into the cystic duct is important and requires technical ingenuity. For these situations, we used fluorescent cholangiography.

Methods:
Our procedure for single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy utilized the SILS-Port, and an additional pair of 5-mm forceps was inserted via an umbilical incision. As a fluorescence source, 1 mL of indocyanine green was intravenously injected after endotracheal intubation of patients in the operating room. A laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system developed by Karl Storz Endoskope was utilized for fluorescent cholangiography.

Results:
Fluorescent cholangiography could be used to identify the border of the lesion in the cystic duct. According to the fluorescent cholangiography results, a location for the resection line of the cystic duct could be identified; therefore, the planned resection was successful and produced a histologically negative margin.

Conclusions:
Application of fluorescent cholangiography in the determination of the location of the resection line location during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign lesions of the cystic duct should be widely accepted.