bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annealing Induced Re-crystallization in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Yingguo , Feng Shanglei , Li Meng , Xu Weidong , Yin Guangzhi , Wang Zhaokui , Sun Baoquan , Gao Xingyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole conductor, a series of inverted planar CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on perovskite annealed by an improved time-temperature dependent (TTD) procedure in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere for different time. Only after an optimum annealing time, an optimized power conversion efficiency of 14.36% could be achieved. To understand their performance dependence on annealing time, an in situ real-time synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) was used to monitor a step-by-step gradual structure transformation from distinct mainly organic-inorganic hybrid materials into highly ordered CH3NH3PbI3 crystal during annealing. However, a re-crystallization process of perovskite crystal was observed for the first time during such an annealing procedure, which helps to enhance the perovskite crystallization and preferential orientations. The present GIXRD findings could well explain the drops of the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the fill factor (FF) during the ramping of temperature as well as the optimized power conversion efficiency achieved after an optimum annealing time. Thus, the present study not only illustrates clearly the decisive roles of post-annealing in the formation of solution-processed perovskite to better understand its formation mechanism, but also demonstrates the crucial dependences of device performance on the perovskite microstructure in PSCs.
A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Meng , Patscheider Jörg , Youn Seul Ki , Park Hyung Gyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA precise control of the dimension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in their vertical array could enable many promising applications in various fields. Here, we demonstrate the growth of vertically aligned, single-walled CNTs (VA-SWCNTs) with diameters in the sub-1.5-nm range (0.98 ± 0.24 nm), by engineering a catalyst support layer of alumina via thermal annealing followed by ion beam treatment. We find out that the ion beam bombardment on the alumina allows the growth of ultra-narrow nanotubes, whereas the thermal annealing promotes the vertical alignment at the expense of enlarged diameters; in an optimal combination, these two effects can cooperate to produce the ultra-narrow VA-SWCNTs. According to micro- and spectroscopic characterizations, ion beam bombardment amorphizes the alumina surface to increase the porosity, defects, and oxygen-laden functional groups on it to inhibit Ostwald ripening of catalytic Fe nanoparticles effectively, while thermal annealing can densify bulk alumina to prevent subsurface diffusion of the catalyst particles. Our findings contribute to the current efforts of precise diameter control of VA-SWCNTs, essential for applications such as membranes and energy storage devices.
Extremely low‐loss hollow‐core bandgap photonic crystal fibre for broadband terahertz wave guiding
Authors: Hasan Md. Rabiul , Akter Sanjida 
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate a simple polymer Topas‐based low‐loss hollow‐core photonic crystal fibre for efficient guiding of terahertz radiation. The guiding properties are numerically investigated using finite‐element method. It is shown that the proposed fibre exhibits extremely low average effective material loss of 0.017 cm−1, very small near‐zero average group velocity dispersion of 0.263 ps/THz/cm with low total loss over 2–2.20 THz bands. Moreover, high air‐core power fraction ∼94% having single‐mode guiding is also reported for the optimum design parameters.
Sharp roll‐off planar lowpass filter with ultra‐wide stopband up to 40 GHz
Authors: Jiang Shu , Xu Jinping 
Published: April 2017

A microstrip planar lowpass filter (LPF) with sharp roll‐off and ultra‐wide stopband up to 40 GHz is presented. The central part of the LPF consists of three basic circular sectors, two smaller quadrants and a number of high‐impedance lines that are cross‐coupled to form a high cut‐off rate and a moderate stop band from 2.3 to 10 GHz. Then, four types of resonator cells, three of which are high‐impedance lines loaded with semi‐circulars and one of which comprises folded step‐impedance lines, are added to the central part to generate additional transmission zeroes up into Ka band. As a result, an ultra‐wide stopband with 18th‐harmonic suppression has been attained. A demonstration filter with 3 dB cut‐off frequency of 1.96 GHz has been designed and fabricated. The measured results show that the relative stopband bandwidth of the LPF is 180% with suppression level >25 dB, and the roll‐off rate is 104 dB/GHz. The functional area size of the LPF is 18.4 × 11.6 mm, which corresponds to 0.189 × 0.121λg (λg is the guided wavelength at fc).
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Cerebrum Mimicking Tuberculoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report with Review of literature
Authors: Awasthi Rahul , Jain Nilesh , Rege Shrikant , Iyengar Raghwan , Songara Abhishek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBrain tumors in pregnancy are rare phenomenon with variable outcomes. We present a case of adenocarcinoma cerebrum originated from the lung in a 24-year-old primigravida woman. The patient was operated successfully, and 6-month postoperative period was uneventful. A female child was born with cesarean section at full term.
Peripheral and Central Glucocorticoid Signaling Contributes to Positive Energy Balance in Rats
Authors: Borba Tássia , Galindo Lígia , Ferraz-Pereira Kelli , da Silva Aragão Raquel , Toscano Ana , Guzmán-Quevedo Omar , Manhães-de-Castro Raul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe obesity epidemic has been the target of several studies to understand its etiology. The pathophysiological processes that take to obesity generally relate to the rupture of energy balance. This imbalance can result from environmental and/or endogenous events. Among the endogenous events, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which promotes stress response via glucocorticoid activity, is considered a modulator of energy balance. However, it remains controversial whether the increase in plasma levels of glucocorticoids results in a positive or negative energy balance. Furthermore, there are no studies comparing different routes of administration of glucocorticoids in this context. Here, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of a specific agonist for glucocorticoid receptors on food intake and energy expenditure in rats. Sixty-day old rats were treated with i.p. or i.c.v. dexamethasone. Food intake and satiety were evaluated, as well as locomotor activity in order to determine energy expenditure. Both i.p. and i.c.v. dexamethasone increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure. Moreover, i.c.v. dexamethasone delayed the onset of satiety. Together, these results confirm that central glucocorticoid signaling promotes a positive energy balance and supports the role of the glucocorticoid system as the underlying cause of psychological stress-induced obesity.
Behandlungsoptionen beim neurogenen Lähmungsfuß – eine systematische Literaturrecherche
Authors: Jakubowitz Eike , Yao Daiwei , Windhagen Henning , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Thomann Anna , Daniilidis Kiriakos 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der neurogene Lähmungsfuß kann durch zentrale oder periphere Läsionen des Nervensystems verursacht sein. Je nachdem, ob das 1. oder 2. Motoneuron geschädigt ist, bildet sich ein schlaffer oder spastischer Lähmungsfuß aus. Der spastische Lähmungsfuß besteht bei ca. 14 % der Patienten als residuale Langzeitkomplikation nach Schlaganfall. Verschiedene konservative und operative Behandlungsoptionen stehen zur Verfügung.
Methode Der Artikel basiert auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zur medizinischen Evidenz der funktionellen Elektrostimulation (FES) mit den Suchbegriffen „functional electrical stimulation AND drop foot“ sowie „functional electrical stimulation AND gait AND stroke“ in PubMed- und Cochrane-Datenbanken. Randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien und Kohortenstudien der letzten 10 Jahre wurden nach spezifischen Einschlusskriterien selektiert. Zudem wurden 4 Leitlinien einbezogen.
Ergebnisse Aktuelle Leitlinien geben wenig Orientierung zur praktischen Behandlung und berücksichtigen neuartige operative Verfahren wie Neuroimplantate nicht ausreichend. In 18 randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien zu FES bei Schlaganfallpatienten mit Fußlähmung zeigte das FES-behandelte Kollektiv entweder eine signifikante Überlegenheit oder eine Nichtunterlegenheit gegenüber der Kontrolle. Zwei Kohortenstudien bestätigten die signifikante Besserung durch FES.
Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse führt auf, dass bei der Wahl der Behandlungsoption Ursachen und Ausprägung der Fußlähmung sowie prä- und postoperativer Zustand des Patienten eine tragende Rolle spielen. Für aktive Patienten mit hohem Anspruch stellen Neuroimplantate eine wertvolle Behandlungsoption dar.
Ctf4-related protein recruits LHP1-PRC2 to maintain H3K27me3 levels in dividing cells in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhou Yue , Tergemina Emmanuel , Cui Haitao , Förderer Alexander , Hartwig Benjamin , Velikkakam James Geo , Schneeberger Korbinian , Turck Franziska 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Plant development depends on the Polycomb Group (PcG) pathway, which ensures an epigenetic memory of gene repression. PcG proteins form complexes that decorate histones of target genes with signature modifications. Decorated histones are diluted during DNA replication, therefore compensatory mechanisms must ensure their renewal during cell division. We show that a protein related to a yeast replication factor plays an important role in maintaining a PcG-associated chromatin modification in dividing plant cells.
Monolingual stimuli as a foundation for analyzing code-switching data
Authors: Ebert Shane , Koronkiewicz Bryan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAmong methodological concerns specific to code-switching (CS) research is the design of the target stimuli used in experiments with an acceptability judgment task. We argue here that research which makes use of CS data of this type must also incorporate monolingual stimuli into the experimental design, specifically monolingual stimuli judged by the same bilingual participants who judge the code-switched stimuli. We do so by reviewing two sets of experimental CS data we collected and exploring the role that monolingual stimuli can play in the analysis of that data. In each experiment, an analysis based solely on acceptability judgments of the CS stimuli leads to one interpretation, while incorporation of results from the monolingual stimuli leads to a distinct interpretation. We show that it is the interpretation integrating the monolingual acceptability judgments which is more valid, thereby arguing for the value of monolingual stimuli in design and analysis.
Neuro-symbolic representation learning on biological knowledge graphs
Authors: Alshahrani Mona , Khan Mohammad Asif , Maddouri Omar , Kinjo Akira R , Queralt-Rosinach Núria , Hoehndorf Robert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Biological data and knowledge bases increasingly rely on Semantic Web technologies and the use of knowledge graphs for data integration, retrieval and federated queries. In the past years, feature learning methods that are applicable to graph-structured data are becoming available, but have not yet widely been applied and evaluated on structured biological knowledge. Results: We develop a novel method for feature learning on biological knowledge graphs. Our method combines symbolic methods, in particular knowledge representation using symbolic logic and automated reasoning, with neural networks to generate embeddings of nodes that encode for related information within knowledge graphs. Through the use of symbolic logic, these embeddings contain both explicit and implicit information. We apply these embeddings to the prediction of edges in the knowledge graph representing problems of function prediction, finding candidate genes of diseases, protein-protein interactions, or drug target relations, and demonstrate performance that matches and sometimes outperforms traditional approaches based on manually crafted features. Our method can be applied to any biological knowledge graph, and will thereby open up the increasing amount of Semantic Web based knowledge bases in biology to use in machine learning and data analytics.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/walking-rdf-and-owl

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multi-label classifier based on histogram of gradients for predicting the anatomical therapeutic chemical class/classes of a given compound
Authors: Nanni Loris , Brahnam Sheryl 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Given an unknown compound, is it possible to predict its Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical class/classes? This is a challenging yet important problem since such a prediction could be used to deduce not only a compound’s possible active ingredients but also its therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties, thereby substantially expediting the pace of drug development. The problem is challenging because some drugs and compounds belong to two or more ATC classes, making machine learning extremely difficult.

Results
In this article a multi-label classifier system is proposed that incorporates information about a compound’s chemical–chemical interaction and its structural and fingerprint similarities to other compounds belonging to the different ATC classes. The proposed system reshapes a 1D feature vector to obtain a 2D matrix representation of the compound. This matrix is then described by a histogram of gradients that is fed into a Multi-Label Learning with Label-Specific Features classifier. Rigorous cross-validations demonstrate the superior prediction quality of this method compared with other state-of-the-art approaches developed for this problem, a superiority that is reflected particularly in the absolute true rate, the most important and harshest metric for assessing multi-label systems.

Availability and implementation
The MATLAB code for replicating the experiments presented in this article is available at https://www.dropbox.com/s/7v1mey48tl9bfgz/ToolPaperATC.rar?dl=0.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Carbon ion irradiation abrogates Lin28B-induced X-ray resistance in melanoma cells
Authors: Park Seong-Joon , Heo Kyu , Choi Chulwon , Yang Kwangmo , Adachi Akiko , Okada Hiroko , Yoshida Yukari , Ohno Tatsuya , Nakano Takashi , Takahashi Akihisa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Lin28/let-7 axis plays an important role in tumor initiation and developmental processes. Lin28B is upregulated in a variety of cancers, and its overexpression enhances cancer cell proliferation and radioresistance through the suppression of let-7 micro RNA expression. In this study, we investigated the role of the Lin28/let7 axis as a target for radiosensitization of melanoma cancer cells. The overexpression of Lin28B reduced mature let-7 microRNA expression in melanoma cell lines, and enhanced the sphere-forming ability of melanoma cell lines, which is a characteristic of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations. Interestingly, Lin28B-overexpressed melanoma cells were more resistant to X-ray irradiation than control cells, and Lin28B-induced radioresistance was abolished after carbon ion irradiation. Consistent with these results, Lin28B overexpression reduced the numbers of γH2A.X foci after X-ray irradiation, whereas carbon ion irradiation had no such effect. Our results suggest that a carbon ion beam is more effective than an X-ray beam in terms of killing cancer cells, possibly due to elimination of CSC populations.
The Effect of Insertion Technique on Temperatures for Standard and Self-Drilling External Fixation Pins
Authors: Manoogian Sarah , Lee Adam K. , Widmaier James C. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
No studies have assessed the effects of parameters associated with insertion temperature in modern self-drilling external fixation pins. The current study assessed how varying the presence of irrigation, insertion speed, and force impacted the insertion temperatures of 2 types of standard and self-drilling external fixation half pins.

Methods:
Seventy tests were conducted with 10 trials for 4 conditions on self-drilling pins, and 3 conditions for standard pins. Each test used a thermocouple inside the pin to measure temperature rise during insertion.

Results:
Adding irrigation to the standard pin insertion significantly lowered the maximum temperature (P <0.001). Lowering the applied force for the standard pin did not have a significant change in temperature rise. Applying irrigation during the self-drilling pin tests dropped average rise in temperature from 151.3 ± 21.6°C to 124.1 ± 15.3°C (P = 0.005). When the self-drilling pin insertion was decreased considerably from 360 to 60 rpm, the temperature decreased significantly from 151.3 ± 21.6°C to 109.6 ± 14.0°C (P <0.001). When the force applied increased significantly, the corresponding self-drilling pin temperature increase was not significant.

Conclusions:
The standard pin had lower peak temperatures than the self-drilling pin for all conditions. Moreover, slowing down the insertion speed and adding irrigation helped mitigate the temperature increase of both pin types during insertion.
The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine Administered With Standard Bupivacaine in Ankle Fractures Requiring Open Reduction Internal Fixation: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Davidovitch Roy , Goch Abraham , Driesman Adam , Konda Sanjit , Pean Christian , Egol Kenneth 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To determine the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine compared to placebo for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing operative fixation of ankle fractures.

Design:
Prospective single-blinded randomized control trial.

Setting:
Academic Medical Center.

Patients/Participants:
After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 76 patients who sustained an acute ankle fracture (OTA/AO 44A-C) requiring operative fixation met inclusion criteria.

Intervention:
Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, control (local intraoperative sterile saline injection under general anesthesia) or interventional (local intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine injection under general anesthesia). Injections were administered in a standardized fashion and included injection of a 1:1 mixture of a 40 mL solution consisting of 1.3% Exparel and sterile saline (interventional) or a 40 mL injection of normal saline (control) into the surrounding periosteal, peritendinous, surrounding muscles and subcutaneous tissue of the surgical incision(s).

Main Outcome Measurements:
Pain medications administered and pain according to the Visual Analogue Scale was recorded at scheduled postoperative time points: 4, 24, 48, 72, and 336 hours (14 days).

Results:
Thirty-nine patients were randomized to the control group and 37 to the interventional group (mean age = 42 ± 15 years), with no statistically significant differences between groups with regards to severity of injury and patient demographics. Pain scores were significantly lower in the interventional group versus control up to 2 weeks after surgery. Percocet ingestion at 4 hours was significantly lower in the interventional group (0.7 vs. 1.3, P = 0.004), while it approached significance at 48 hours postoperatively (2.8 vs. 3.69, P = 0.07). No other significant differences were noted for Percocet ingestion postoperatively at other time points assessed. The overall satisfaction with pain control was not statistically different between the 2 groups (P = 0.93).

Conclusion:
Local intraoperative infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine administered with standard bupivacaine for ankle fractures requiring Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) affords improved pain relief in the immediate postoperative period resulting in a reduction in Percocet ingestion, with resultant effects seen up to 2 days postoperatively. Continued investigation of this drug for use with extremity fractures is warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Abusive Head Trauma and Mortality–An Analysis From an International Comparative Effectiveness Study of Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Miller Ferguson Nikki , Sarnaik Ajit , Miles Darryl , Shafi Nadeem , Peters Mark J. , Truemper Edward , Vavilala Monica S. , Bell Michael J. , Wisniewski Stephen R. , Luther James F. , Hartman Adam L. , Kochanek Patrick M. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Small series have suggested that outcomes after abusive head trauma are less favorable than after other injury mechanisms. We sought to determine the impact of abusive head trauma on mortality and identify factors that differentiate children with abusive head trauma from those with traumatic brain injury from other mechanisms.

Design:
First 200 subjects from the Approaches and Decisions in Acute Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Trial—a comparative effectiveness study using an observational, cohort study design.

Setting:
PICUs in tertiary children’s hospitals in United States and abroad.

Patients:
Consecutive children (age < 18 yr) with severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8; intracranial pressure monitoring).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Demographics, injury-related scores, prehospital, and resuscitation events were analyzed. Children were dichotomized based on likelihood of abusive head trauma. A total of 190 children were included (n = 35 with abusive head trauma). Abusive head trauma subjects were younger (1.87 ± 0.32 vs 9.23 ± 0.39 yr; p < 0.001) and a greater proportion were female (54.3% vs 34.8%; p = 0.032). Abusive head trauma were more likely to 1) be transported from home (60.0% vs 33.5%; p < 0.001), 2) have apnea (34.3% vs 12.3%; p = 0.002), and 3) have seizures (28.6% vs 7.7%; p < 0.001) during prehospital care. Abusive head trauma had a higher prevalence of seizures during resuscitation (31.4 vs 9.7%; p = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates, there was no difference in mortality (abusive head trauma, 25.7% vs nonabusive head trauma, 18.7%; hazard ratio, 1.758; p = 0.60). A similar proportion died due to refractory intracranial hypertension in each group (abusive head trauma, 66.7% vs nonabusive head trauma, 69.0%).

Conclusions:
In this large, multicenter series, children with abusive head trauma had differences in prehospital and in-hospital secondary injuries which could have therapeutic implications. Unlike other traumatic brain injury populations in children, female predominance was seen in abusive head trauma in our cohort. Similar mortality rates and refractory intracranial pressure deaths suggest that children with severe abusive head trauma may benefit from therapies including invasive monitoring and adherence to evidence-based guidelines.