bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAOA/AACOM. Residency Program Directors’ Interview Methods and Satisfaction With Resident Selection Across Multiple Specialties
Authors: VanOrder Tonya , Robbins Wayne , Zemper Eric 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Context: Competition for postdoctoral training positions is at an all-time high, and residency program directors continue to have little direction when it comes to structuring an effective interview process. Objectives: To examine whether a relationship existed between interview methods used and program director satisfaction with resident selection decisions and whether programs that used methods designed to assess candidate personal characteristics were more satisfied with their decisions. Methods: Residency directors from the Statewide Campus System at the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine were invited to complete a 20-item survey regarding their recent interview methods and proportion of resident selections later regretted. Data analyses examined relationships between interview methods used, frequency of personal characteristics evaluated, and subsequent satisfaction with selected residents. Results: Of the 186 program director surveys distributed, 83 (44.6%) were returned, representing 11 clinical specialty areas. In total, 69 responses (83.1%) were from programs accredited by the American Osteopathic Association only, and 14 (16.9%) were from programs accredited dually by the American Osteopathic Association and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The most frequent interview method reported was faculty or peer resident interview. No statistically significant correlational relationships were found between type of interview methods used and subsequent satisfaction with selected residents, either within or across clinical specialties. Although program directors rated ethical behavior/honesty as the most highly prioritized characteristic in residents, 27 (32.5%) reported using a specific interview method to assess this trait. Program directors reported later regrets concerning nearly 1 of every 12 resident selection decisions. Conclusion: The perceived success of an osteopathic residency program’s interview process does not appear to be related to methods used and is not distinctively different from that of programs dually accredited. The findings suggest that it may not be realistic to aim for standardization of a common set of best interview methods or ideal personal characteristics for all programs. Each residency program’s optimal interview process is likely unique, more dependent on analyzing why some resident selections are regretted and developing an interview process designed to assess for specific desirable and unwanted characteristics.
JAOA/AACOM. Does Including Public Health Students on Interprofessional Teams Increase Attainment of Interprofessional Practice Competencies?
Authors: Duffy Pamela Ann , Ronnebaum Julie A. , Stumbo Teri A. , Smith Kari Nies , Reimer Rachel A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Context: Interprofessional education (IPE) creates dynamic experiential learning that can address social determinants of health that influence health outcomes. Objective: To examine the effects of including public health students on IPE teams on the interprofessional practice domain constructs (values/ethics, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork). Methods: This single-case, mixed-methods study was performed using a grounded theory approach. Students from 8 graduate health sciences programs participated in an asynchronous, 6-week, online IPE learning activity. Three of the 4 interprofessional practice domain constructs were examined as outcome variables: participants’ biomedical vs biopsychosocial patient approach (values/ethics); reported change in attitudes, beliefs, or values about other health professions (roles/responsibilities); and anticipated changes in future professional behaviors/ interactions/approaches (teams and teamwork). Predictor variables were having an MPH participant on the IPE team, participants’ enrollment in a clinical or nonclinical program, and student perception of the online format (interprofessional communication). Results: Three hundred nineteen students were included, 261 from clinical and 58 from nonclinical programs. A significant association was found between having an MPH participant on the IPE teams and participants’ awareness of the influence of social determinants of health (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.13-3.66; P<.05). Program type was also significantly associated with awareness of the influence of social determinants of health, such that participants in nonclinical programs were significantly more likely to report the importance of social determinants of health in the care plan (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.38-9.84; P<.01). Participants were significantly less likely to report future behavior change if they were in clinical programs (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.86; P<.05) or if they disliked the online format (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.14-0.42; P<.01). The model fit the data well (χ2 3 = 30.80; P<.001). Conclusion: Inclusion of MPH students on IPE teams has the potential to increase clinical participants’ awareness of the influence of social determinants of health and interest in incorporating a biopsychosocial approach to health care.
Phase field model of fluid‐driven fracture in elastic media: Immersed‐fracture formulation and validation with analytical solutions
Authors: Santillán David , Juanes Ruben , Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPropagation of fluid‐driven fractures plays an important role in natural and engineering processes, including transport of magma in the lithosphere, geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, and oil and gas recovery from low‐permeability formations, among many others. The simulation of fracture propagation poses a computational challenge as a result of the complex physics of fracture and the need to capture disparate length scales. Phase field models represent fractures as a diffuse interface and enjoy the advantage that fracture nucleation, propagation, branching, or twisting can be simulated without ad hoc computational strategies like remeshing or local enrichment of the solution space. Here we propose a new quasi‐static phase field formulation for modeling fluid‐driven fracturing in elastic media at small strains. The approach fully couples the fluid flow in the fracture (described via the Reynolds lubrication approximation) and the deformation of the surrounding medium. The flow is solved on a lower dimensionality mesh immersed in the elastic medium. This approach leads to accurate coupling of both physics. We assessed the performance of the model extensively by comparing results for the evolution of fracture length, aperture, and fracture fluid pressure against analytical solutions under different fracture propagation regimes. The excellent performance of the numerical model in all regimes builds confidence in the applicability of phase field approaches to simulate fluid‐driven fracture.
Spatial‐temporal evolutions of early aftershocks following the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China
Authors: Wu Jing , Yao Dongdong , Meng Xiaofeng , Peng Zhigang , Su Jinrong , Long Feng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe perform a comprehensive detection of early aftershocks following the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake, which occurred in the southern Longmenshan Fault Zone in Sichuan Province, China, about 5 years after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We use events in both standard and relocated catalogs as templates to scan through continuous waveforms 2 days before and 3 days after the main shock. We successfully reduce the magnitude of completeness Mc by more than 1 order and obtain up to 6 times more events than listed in both catalogs. Aftershocks in the first hour mostly occur around the main shock slip region, and aftershocks at later times show systematic expansions in the along‐strike, perpendicular‐strike, and updip directions. Although postseismic deformation following the Lushan main shock has not been clearly identified, we suggest that early aftershock expansions are likely driven by afterslip of the Lushan main shock. This is consistent with the observations that most aftershocks were in the stress shadow of the Lushan main shock and that there was significant slip deficit in the top 10 km of the crust. We also find that seismicity on the back thrust fault was activated as soon as 20 min after the main shock, earlier than previously reported. We are unable to detect any clear foreshocks in the last 2 days before the Lushan main shock.
Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Pain in Spite of Inflammatory Control Among Methotrexate‐Treated Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Lourdudoss Cecilia , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Wolk Alicja , Westerlind Helga , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Lampa Jon 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate potential associations between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and pain patterns in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after 3 months of methotrexate (MTX) treatment.MethodsWe included 591 early RA patients with MTX monotherapy from a population‐based prospective case–control study, the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Dietary data on polyunsaturated FAs (food frequency questionnaires) were linked with data on unacceptable pain (visual analog scale [VAS] >40 mm), noninflammatory/refractory pain (VAS >40 mm and C‐reactive protein [CRP] level <10 mg/liter), and inflammatory pain (VAS >40 mm and CRP level >10 mg/liter) after 3 months. Statistical analysis included logistic regression.ResultsAfter 3 months of MTX treatment, 125 patients (21.2%) had unacceptable pain, of which 92 patients had refractory pain, and 33 patients had inflammatory pain. Omega‐3 FA intake was inversely associated with unacceptable pain and refractory pain (odds ratio [OR] 0.57 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.35–0.95] and OR 0.47 [95% CI 0.26–0.84], respectively). The omega‐6:omega‐3 FA ratio, but not omega‐6 FA alone, was directly associated with unacceptable pain and refractory pain (OR 1.70 [95% CI 1.03–2.82] and OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.28–4.24], respectively). Furthermore, polyunsaturated FAs were not associated with either inflammatory pain or CRP level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at followup. Omega‐3 FA supplementation was not associated with any pain patterns.ConclusionOmega‐3 FA was inversely associated with, and the omega‐6:omega‐3 FA ratio was directly associated with, unacceptable and refractory pain, but not with inflammatory pain or systemic inflammation. The inverse association between omega‐3 FA and refractory pain may have a role in pain suppression in RA.
Localization lifetime of a many‐body system with periodic constructed disorder
Authors: Schecter Michael , Shapiro Michael , Dykman Mark I. 
Published: March 2017

We show that, in a many‐body system, all particles can be strongly confined to the initially occupied sites for a time that scales as a high power of the ratio of the bandwidth of site energies to the hopping amplitude. Such time‐domain formulation is complementary to the formulation of the many‐body localization of all stationary states with a large localization length. The long localization lifetime is achieved by constructing a periodic sequence of site energies with a large period in a one‐dimensional chain. The scaling of the localization lifetime is independent of the number of particles for a broad range of the coupling strength. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations.
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Copper‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Modular Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridines: Alkenylation of Nitriles with Vinyliodonium Salts
Authors: Sheng Jinyu , Wang Yong , Su Xiang , He Ru , Chen Chao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA [2+2+2] modular synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines, with excellent regioselectivity, has been realized by copper catalysisand involves three distinct components: vinyliodonium salts, nitriles, and alkynes. The reactions proceeded with the facile formation of an aza‐butadienylium intermediate by alkenylation of the nitrile with a vinyliodonium salt. Moreover, the alkynes in the reaction were extended to alkenes, which are an advantage of expense and relative scarceness of alkynes.
Completely Recyclable Monomers and Polycarbonate: Approach to Sustainable Polymers
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhou Hui , Guo Jia‐Zhi , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is of great significance to depolymerize used or waste polymers to recover the starting monomers suitable for repolymerization reactions that reform recycled materials no different from the virgin polymer. Herein, we report a novel recyclable plastic: degradable polycarbonate synthesized by dinuclear chromium‐complex‐mediated copolymerization of CO2 with 1‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐3,4‐epoxy pyrrolidine, a meso‐epoxide. Notably, the novel polycarbonate with more than 99 % carbonate linkages could be recycled back into the epoxide monomer in quantitative yield under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, the copolymerization/depolymerization processes can be achieved by the ON/OFF reversible temperature switch, and recycled several times without any change in the epoxide monomer and copolymer. These characteristics accord well with the concept of perfectly sustainable polymers.
Single crystals of crystalline block copolymers formed in n‐hexanol and methanol/DMF solutions: A comparative study
Authors: Zhuo Wangqian , Li Yanming , Zhang Runke , Huang Runsheng , Zhou Jie , Tong Zaizai , Jiang Guohua 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTLamellar single crystals of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based crystalline/liquid‐crystalline block copolymer (BCP) were prepared from two methods: solution crystallization in n‐hexanol as well as addition of methanol dropwise to BCP/DMF solution. The crystalline morphologies of PCL single crystals prepared at different temperatures were investigated. It was observed that well‐developed single crystals were formed in n‐hexanol at high crystallization temperatures, while low crystallization temperatures favored to fabricate well‐developed nanosheets in methanol/DMF. Annealing at the melting temperature of single crystals yielded the crystalline seeds and unimers in n‐hexanol, while it formed spherical micelles in methanol/DMF system. As a result, the size of single crystals in n‐hexanol could be tuned by addition of different ratios of unimer/seed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45089.
First Neutral and Cationic Tungsten Imido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Imbrich Dominik A. , Elser Iris , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(2,5‐Me2pyr)2 (1; Ar′: 2,6‐iPr2C6H3; NHC: 1,3‐diisopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene; 2,5‐Me2pyr: 2,5‐dimethylpyrrolide; R: CMe2Ph), W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(2,5‐Me2pyr)(OC6F5) (2), W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OSiPh3)2 (3), [W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OSiPh3))(MeCN)+][B(ArF)4−] (4; B(ArF)4−: B(3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3)4−), [W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(2,5‐Me2pyr))+][B(ArF)4−] (5), [W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OC6F5))(tBuCN)+][B(ArF)4−] (6), W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OtBu)2 (7), [W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OtBu)+][B(ArF)4−] (8), and W(NAr′)(NHC)(=CHR)(OCMe(CF3)2)2 (9) is described, and the reactivity of the complexes in olefin metathesis and cyclopolymerization is reported. The cationic complexes 4, 5, and 6 showed high productivity and activity in olefin metathesis reactions, with turnover numbers of up to 40 000 and turnover frequencies (TOF5min) of up to 31 s−1, and also substantial functional group tolerance toward esters, nitriles, alcohols, and sulfides, particularly in the cyclopolymerization of α,ω‐diynes.
Mammal responses to human footprint vary with spatial extent but not with spatial grain
Authors: Toews Mary , Juanes Francis , Burton A. Cole 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEcological patterns and processes can vary with scale, causing uncertainty when applying small‐scale or single‐scale studies to regional or global management decisions. Conducting research at large extents and across multiple scales can require additional time and effort, but may prove necessary if it uncovers novel patterns or processes. Knowing the degree to which patterns vary between spatial extents and grains can provide insight into the importance of considering scale, particularly in applied research. Across multiple spatial scales, we evaluated variation in the strength and direction of large mammal responses to human footprint, a measure of human infrastructure (e.g., roads, buildings) and landscape change (e.g., agriculture, forestry). We focused on the response of five boreal mammals: gray wolf (Canis lupus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote (Canis latrans), white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and moose (Alces alces). Firstly, we asked how responses measured at the regional extent of the boreal forest of Alberta (approximately 400,000 km2) compared to those measured at a nested subregional extent (40,000 km2) and to those reported in previous studies conducted at smaller spatial extents (median 2400 km2, mean 46,993 km2). Secondly, we tested whether responses differed across three spatial grains of measurement (250 m, 1500 m, or 5000 m radii) at the regional extent. Using the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute's snowtrack survey data (2001–2013) and human footprint map, we created a set of generalized linear mixed‐effects models for each species, which related relative abundance to individual and cumulative effects of human footprint and compared these using an information theoretic approach. We found variation across spatial extents in both direction and strength of estimated mammal responses to human footprint, suggesting that some patterns are scale‐dependent. This reinforces the need for regional studies to complement those conducted at smaller extents in order to fully understand, and thus manage for, the impacts of human footprint on mammalian biodiversity. By contrast, we found little variation in direction and strength of responses across spatial grains, indicating that analyses across multiple grain sizes may be of less importance than those conducted across multiple spatial extents.
Generalist social bees maximize diversity intake in plant species‐rich and resource‐abundant environments
Authors: Kaluza Benjamin F. , Wallace Helen , Keller Alexander , Heard Tim A. , Jeffers Bradley , Drescher Nora , Blüthgen Nico , Leonhardt Sara D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumerous studies revealed a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, suggesting that biodiverse environments may not only enhance ecosystem processes, but also benefit individual ecosystem members by, for example, providing a higher diversity of resources. Whether and how the number of available resources affects resource collection and subsequently consumers (e.g., through impacting functions associated with resources) have, however, been little investigated, although a better understanding of this relationship may help explain why the abundance and richness of many animal species typically decline with decreasing plant (resource) diversity. Using a social bee species as model (Tetragonula carbonaria), we investigated how plant species richness—recorded for study sites located in different habitats—and associated resource abundance affected the diversity and functionality (here defined as nutritional content and antimicrobial activity) of resources (i.e., pollen, nectar, and resin) collected by a generalist herbivorous consumer. The diversity of both pollen and resin collected strongly increased with increasing plant/tree species richness, while resource abundance was only positively correlated with resin diversity. These findings suggest that bees maximize resource diversity intake in (resource) diverse habitats. Collecting more diverse resources did, however, not increase their functionality, which appeared to be primarily driven by the surrounding (plant) source community in our study. In generalist herbivores, maximizing resource diversity intake may therefore primarily secure collection of sufficient amounts of resources across the entire foraging season, but it also ensures that the allocated resources meet all functional needs. Decreasing available resource diversity may thus impact consumers primarily by reduced resource abundance, but also by reduced resource functionality, particularly when resources of high functionality (e.g., from specific plant species) become scarce.
Circular RNAs in heart failure
Authors: Devaux Yvan , Creemers Esther E. , Boon Reinier A. , Werfel Stanislas , Thum Thomas , Engelhardt Stefan , Dimmeler Stefanie , Squire Iain ,   on behalf of the Cardiolinc network
Published: March 2017

AbstractCardiovascular disease, and particularly heart failure, is still a serious health care issue for which novel treatments and biomarkers are needed. The RNA family comprises different subgroups, among which the small‐sized microRNAs and the larger long non‐coding RNAs have shown some potential to aid in moving personalized health care of heart failure patients a step forward. Here, members of the Cardiolinc network review the recent findings suggesting that the less well‐known circular RNAs may constitute a novel reservoir of therapeutic targets and biomarkers of heart failure. The knowledge of the mode of biogenesis of circular RNAs will first be reported, followed by a description of different features that make these RNA molecules of interest for the heart failure community. The functions of circular RNAs in the heart will be described, with some emphasis given to their regulation in the failing heart. Circulating in the bloodstream, circular RNAs have appeared as potential biomarkers and recent findings associated with the use of circular RNAs as heart failure biomarkers will be discussed. Finally, some directions for future research will be provided.
The medial temporal memory system in Down syndrome: Translating animal models of hippocampal compromise
Authors: Clark Caron A.C. , Fernandez Fabian , Sakhon Stella , Spanò Goffredina , Edgin Jamie O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the dentate gyrus as a region of increased vulnerability in mouse models of Down syndrome (DS). It is unclear to what extent these findings are reflected in the memory profile of people with the condition. We developed a series of novel tasks to probe distinct medial temporal functions in children and young adults with DS, including object, spatial, and temporal order memory. Relative to mental age‐matched controls (n = 45), individuals with DS (n = 28) were unimpaired on subtests involving short‐term object or configural recall that was divorced from spatial or temporal contexts. By contrast, the DS group had difficulty recalling spatial locations when contextual information was salient and recalling the order in which objects were serially presented. Results are consistent with dysfunction of spatial and temporal contextual pattern separation abilities in individuals with DS, mediated by the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus. Amidst increasing calls to bridge human and animal work, the memory profile demonstrated here in humans with DS is strikingly similar to that of the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. The study highlights the trisynaptic circuit as a potentially fruitful intervention target to mitigate cognitive impairments associated with DS.