bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angebote Früher Hilfen und gesundheitliche Entwicklung von Kindern
Authors: Weyers Simone , Götz Simon 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Frühe Hilfen sollen Förderangebote systematisch vernetzen und passgenau gestalten, insbesondere für sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Familien. Die Angebote sind universell oder selektiv, die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit ist jedoch begrenzt.

Ziele
Ziele der Arbeit waren, anhand der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen (SEU) exemplarisch zu untersuchen, ob Teilnehmende an ausgewählten Angeboten der Frühen Hilfen eine bessere Entwicklung haben als Nichtteilnehmende, sowie zu erörtern, inwiefern die SEU genutzt werden kann, um die Wirkung Früher Hilfen zu beurteilen.

Methode
Wir untersuchten 3 typische Angebote der Frühen Hilfen (Familienbildung; Zukunft für Kinder (ZfK); Kita-U) im Zusammenhang mit vollständigem Impfschutz und altersgemäßer Entwicklung bei der U9. Einbezogen wurden die Daten von 4579 Düsseldorfer Schulneulingen. Mittels Propensity-Score-Matching wurden Prozentsatzdifferenzen (Average Treatment Effect on the Treated, ATT) hinsichtlich Impfschutz und Entwicklung zwischen vergleichbaren Interventions- und Kontrollgruppen berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Alle Angebote sind mit einer leicht erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit eines vollständigen Impfschutzes verbunden (ATT 2,1 bei Familienbildung; 2,5 bei ZfK; 5,3 bei Kita-U). Familienbildung ist zudem mit einer leicht erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit einer altersgemäßen Entwicklung verbunden (ATT 1,6), die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer altersgemäßen Entwicklung bei Teilnehmenden von ZfK (−10,1) und Kita‑U (−4,5) ist geringer.

Diskussion
Die Bewertung Früher Hilfen, insbesondere selektiver Angebote, ist aufgrund von Confounding und geeigneten Vergleichsgruppen eine methodische Herausforderung. Die SEU könnte jedoch unter spezifischen Bedingungen ein Rahmen für Wirkungsanalysen sein.
Navigating Contradictory Demands: An Analysis of Corporate Responses to Regulatory Hardening
Authors: Jönsson Elin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mandatory due diligence has become increasingly common to address the harmful impacts of corporations, forcing them to navigate hardened regulatory requirements. This article focuses on the responses of large Swedish companies to the European Commission’s proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. Drawing on critical theory, it aims to understand how companies navigate the contradictory dynamic between profitability and sustainability. The findings highlight that companies, for the most part, accept hardened demands for sustainability—but the closer to corporate practice their responses get, the more they oppose and reject these demands. The article discusses how these responses follow a neoliberal logic of regulation, and draw attention to the inherent instability of this logic, as companies struggle to find a position in which they can be both sustainable and profitable.
Stationary and Dynamic Sorption of 141Ce(III) and 152+154Eu(III) Using Alginate–Gypsum Bio-composite Beads
Authors: Mekawy Zakaria A. , Dakroury G. A. , Moussa S. I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel Alginate–Gypsum bio-composite, synthesized at a 2:1 weight ratio, as an effective sorbent for Eu(III) and Ce(III) ions in aqueous solutions. Optimal conditions (pH 3, 5-h contact time) yielded 98% sorption efficiency for both ions in single batch systems (50 mg L−1, 20 °C). In binary systems, the composite adsorbed 33.04% of Ce(III) and 47.26% of Eu(III) (mg L−1, 20 °C). Dynamic column system showed 80.297% Ce(III) and 77.5% Eu(III) sorption. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and best described by a quasi-nth order kinetic model. The sorption process was best described by the quasi-nth order kinetic model, with Eu(III) sorption aligning with the Langmuir and Sips models, and Ce(III) sorption following the Redlich–Peterson and Sips models. Desorption was highly efficient, with up to 99% for Eu(III) and 97% for Ce(III) using 0.1 M EDTA.
Barriers and Facilitators Towards Deceased Organ Donation: A Qualitative Study Among Three Major Religious Groups in Chandigarh, and Chennai, India
Authors: Vincent Britzer Paul , Sood Vibhusha , Thanigachalam Srinivasan , Cook Erica , Randhawa Gurch 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators of the public toward deceased organ donation in Chandigarh, and Chennai, India, from three major religious groups, Hinduism, Islamism, and Christianity. Twenty-five focus groups were conducted (n = 87) stratified by study region, religion, sex, and age. Data were analysed using framework analysis. The results revealed that individuals were primarily willing to donate their organs. However, their religious views regarding death, after-life beliefs, funeral ritual practices, and lack of knowledge regarding their religion’s position toward deceased organ donation created tension and ambiguity in the decision-making. However, younger age groups (18–30 years) appeared more open and positive toward deceased organ donation. The conclusion demands a clear need for religious leaders and stakeholders to address their religion’s stance, which creates tension and ambiguity in any uncertainties surrounding cultural and religious-based views among the Indian population.
Bi-VLGM: Bi-Level Class-Severity-Aware Vision-Language Graph Matching for Text Guided Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Chen Wenting , Liu Jie , Liu Tianming , Yuan Yixuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Medical reports containing specific diagnostic results and additional information not present in medical images can be effectively employed to assist image understanding tasks, and the modality gap between vision and language can be bridged by vision-language matching (VLM). However, current vision-language models distort the intra-model relation and only include class information in reports that is insufficient for segmentation task. In this paper, we introduce a novel Bi-level class-severity-aware Vision-Language Graph Matching (Bi-VLGM) for text guided medical image segmentation, composed of a word-level VLGM module and a sentence-level VLGM module, to exploit the class-severity-aware relation among visual-textual features. In word-level VLGM, to mitigate the distorted intra-modal relation during VLM, we reformulate VLM as graph matching problem and introduce a vision-language graph matching (VLGM) to exploit the high-order relation among visual-textual features. Then, we perform VLGM between the local features for each class region and class-aware prompts to bridge their gap. In sentence-level VLGM, to provide disease severity information for segmentation task, we introduce a severity-aware prompting to quantify the severity level of disease lesion, and perform VLGM between the global features and the severity-aware prompts. By exploiting the relation between the local (global) and class (severity) features, the segmentation model can include the class-aware and severity-aware information to promote segmentation performance. Extensive experiments proved the effectiveness of our method and its superiority to existing methods. The source code will be released.
Low temperature powder bed fusion of polyamide 6: transient process characteristics and process-dependent part properties
Authors: Schlicht Samuel , Gabriel Claus , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe powder-based additive manufacturing of high-melting polyamides is impeded by unfavorable fracture properties and oxidation tendencies, limiting the technical applicability and the reuse of unfused powder. Overcoming these limitations through new processing strategies provides the opportunity for significantly extending the range of materials applicable for powder bed fusion processes. Based on fractal, locally quasi-simultaneous exposure strategies, a mesoscale compensation of thermal and crystallization-induced shrinkage is obtained, enabling the non-isothermal processing and stable layer formation of polyamide 6 at powder bed temperatures of 25 °C, 50 °C, and 75 °C. Thermographic in situ investigations reveal the layerwise quenching of discrete layers, leading to cooling rates exceeding − 250 K s−1 at 130 °C. Based on microscopic, mechanical, thermal, and spectroscopic investigations, insights into the structure formation and corresponding mechanical properties can be obtained, yielding reduced fractions of α-PA6 while increasing the elongation at break. The inherent layerwise quenching promotes the formation of microspherulitic morphologies while minimizing oxidation-induced material degradation, reflected in infrared spectroscopic material characteristics. Relying on obtained findings, process optimization strategies can be derived that enable the processability of high-melting polyamides at reduced temperatures, reducing the energy consumption of the build process while adapting underlying material characteristics based on accelerated intermediate cooling conditions.
Subsequent Indications in Oncology Drugs: Pathways, Timelines, and the Inflation Reduction Act
Authors: Patterson Julie A. , Motyka James , Salih Rayan , Nordyke Robert , O’Brien John M. , Campbell Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Recent research has raised questions about potential unintended consequences of the Inflation Reduction Act’s Drug Price Negotiation Program (DPNP), suggesting that the timelines introduced by the law may reduce manufacturer incentives to invest in post-approval research towards additional indications. Given the role of multiple indications in expanding treatment options in patients with cancer, IRA-related changes to development incentives are especially relevant in oncology. This study aimed to describe heterogeneous drug-level trajectories and timelines of subsequent indications in a cohort of recently approved, multi-indication oncology drugs, including overall, across subgroups of drugs characterized by the timing and pace of additional indications, and by drug type (i.e., small molecule vs. biologic).

Methods
This cross-sectional study evaluated oncology drugs first approved by the FDA from 2008 to 2018 and later approved for one or more additional indications. Numbers, types, and approval timelines of subsequent indications were recorded at the drug level, with drugs grouped by quartile based on the pacing of post-approval development (i.e., “rapid pace” to “measured pace”).

Results
Multi-indication oncology drugs (N = 56/86, 65.1%) had one or more subsequent indication approved in a new: cancer type (60.7%), line of treatment (50.0%), combination (41.1%), mutation (32.1%), or stage (28.6%). The median time between FDA approvals for indications increased from 0.6 years (IQR: 0.48, 0.74) in the “rapid pace” group to 1.6 years (IQR: 1.32, 1.66), 2.4 years (IQR: 2.29, 2.61), and 4.9 years (IQR: 3.43, 6.23) in the “moderate,” “measured-moderate,” and “measured” pace groups, respectively. Drugs in the “rapid pace” group often received their first subsequent indication approval within 9 months of initial approval (median: 0.7 years; IQR: 0.54, 1.59), whereas the “measured pace” group took a median of 5.7 years (IQR: 3.43, 6.98). Across all multi-indication drugs, the median time to the most recent approval for a subsequent indication was 5.5 years (IQR: 3.18, 7.95). One quarter (25%) of drugs were approved for their most recent subsequent indication after the time at which they would be DPNP-eligible.

Conclusion
Approval histories of new oncology drugs demonstrate the role of post-approval indications in expanding treatment options towards new cancer types, stages, lines, combinations, and mutations. Heterogeneous clinical development pathways provide insights into potential unintended consequences of IRA-related changes surrounding post-approval research and development.
Statistical Survey of Interchange Events in the Jovian Magnetosphere Using Juno Observations
Authors: Daly A. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Shen X.‐C. , Capannolo L. , Huang S. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterchange instability is known to drive fast radial transport of electrons and ions in Jupiter's inner and middle magnetosphere. In this study, we conduct a statistical survey to evaluate the properties of energetic particles and plasma waves during interchange events using Juno data from 2016 to 2023. We present representative examples of interchange events followed by a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution, duration and spatial extent. Our survey indicates that interchange instability is predominant at M‐shells from 6 to 26, peaking near 17 with an average duration of minutes and a corresponding M‐shell width of <∼0.05. During interchange events, the associated plasma waves, such as whistler‐mode, Z‐mode, and electron cyclotron harmonic waves exhibit a distinct preferential location. These findings provide valuable insights into particle transport and the source region of plasma waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, as well as in other magnetized planets within and beyond our solar system.
Nme8 is essential for protection against chemotherapy drug cisplatin-induced male reproductive toxicity in mice
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Wang Hongxiang , Wang Dan , Liu Shuqiao , Sun Xiaoli , Qu Zhengjiang , Zhang Aizhen , Ye Chao , Li Runze , Wu Bin , Liu Min , Gao Jiangang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCisplatin (CP), a chemotherapy drug commonly used in cancers treatment, causes serious reproductive toxicity. With younger cancer patients and increasing survival rates, it is important to preserve their reproductive capacity. NME8 is highly expressed in testis and contains thioredoxin and NDPK domains, suggesting it may be a target against the CP-induced reproductive toxicity. We deleted exons 6–7 of the Nme8 in mice based on human mutation sites and observed impaired transcript splicing. In mice, Nme8 was not essential for spermatogenesis, possibly due to functional compensation by its paralog, Nme5. Nme8 expression was elevated and translocated to the nucleus in response to two weeks of CP treatment. Under CP treatment, Nme8 deficiency further impaired antioxidant capacity, induced lipid peroxidation and increased ROS level, and failed to activate autophagy, resulting in aggravated DNA damage in testes and sperm. Consequently, the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia and the meiosis of spermatocyte were almost completely halted, and sperm motility was impaired. Our research indicates that NME8 protects against CP-induced testis and sperm damage. This may provide new insights into the physiological functions of the Nme family and potential targets for preserving fertility in young male cancer patients.
Uncovering the small proteome of Methanosarcina mazei using Ribo-seq and peptidomics under different nitrogen conditions
Authors: Tufail Muhammad Aammar , Jordan Britta , Hadjeras Lydia , Gelhausen Rick , Cassidy Liam , Habenicht Tim , Gutt Miriam , Hellwig Lisa , Backofen Rolf , Tholey Andreas , Sharma Cynthia M. , Schmitz Ruth A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mesophilic methanogenic archaeal model organism Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 is crucial for climate and environmental research due to its ability to produce methane. Here, we establish a Ribo-seq protocol for M. mazei strain Gö1 under two growth conditions (nitrogen sufficiency and limitation). The translation of 93 previously annotated and 314 unannotated small ORFs, coding for proteins ≤ 70 amino acids, is predicted with high confidence based on Ribo-seq data. LC-MS analysis validates the translation for 62 annotated small ORFs and 26 unannotated small ORFs. Epitope tagging followed by immunoblotting analysis confirms the translation of 13 out of 16 selected unannotated small ORFs. A comprehensive differential transcription and translation analysis reveals that 29 of 314 unannotated small ORFs are differentially regulated in response to nitrogen availability at the transcriptional and 49 at the translational level. A high number of reported small RNAs are emerging as dual-function RNAs, including sRNA154, the central regulatory small RNA of nitrogen metabolism. Several unannotated small ORFs are conserved in Methanosarcina species and overproducing several (small ORF encoded) small proteins suggests key physiological functions. Overall, the comprehensive analysis opens an avenue to elucidate the function(s) of multitudinous small proteins and dual-function RNAs in M. mazei.
Dynamics of drinking water biofilm formation associated with Legionella spp. colonization
Authors: Margot Céline , Rhoads William , Gabrielli Marco , Olive Margot , Hammes Frederik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how Legionella spp. proliferate in multispecies biofilms is essential to develop strategies to control their presence in building plumbing. Here, we analyzed biofilm formation and Legionella spp. colonization on new plumbing material during 8 weeks. Biofilm formation was characterized by an initial increase in intact cell concentrations up to 9.5 × 105 cells/cm2, followed by a steady decrease. We identified Comamonas, Caulobacter, Schlegella, Blastomonas and Methyloversatilis as pioneer genera in the biofilm formation process. Importantly, L. pneumophila was the dominant Legionella spp. and rapidly colonized the biofilms, with culturable cell concentrations peaking at 3.1 × 104 MPN/cm2 after 4 weeks already. Moreover, several Legionella species co-occurred and had distinct dynamics of biofilm colonization. Vermamoeba vermiformis (V. vermiformis) was the dominant protist identified with 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Together our results highlight that biofilm formation upon introduction of new building plumbing material is a dynamic process where pathogenic Legionella species can be part of the earliest colonizers.
Air stability of monolayer WSi2N4 in dark and bright conditions
Authors: Driouech Mustapha , Cocchi Caterina , Ramzan Muhammad Sufyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials with chemical formula MA2Z4 are a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. To exploit their potential, their stability with respect to air pollution has to be analyzed under different conditions. In a first-principle study based on density functional theory, we investigate the adsorption of three common environmental gas molecules (O2, H2O, and CO2) on monolayer WSi2N4, an established representative of the MA2Z4 family. The computed adsorption energies, charge transfer, and projected density of states of the polluted monolayer indicate a relatively weak interaction between substrate and molecules resulting in an ultrashort recovery time of the order of nanoseconds. O2 and water introduce localized states in the upper valence region but do not alter the semiconducting nature of WSi2N4 nor its band-gap size apart from a minor variation of a few tens of meV. Exploring the same scenario in the presence of photogenerated electrons and holes, we do not notice any substantial difference except for O2 chemisorption when negative charge carriers are in the system. In this case, monolayer WSi2N4 exhibits signs of irreversible oxidation, testified by an adsorption energy of -5.5 eV leading to an infinitely long recovery time, a rearrangement of the outermost atomic layer bonding with the pollutant, and n-doping of the system. Our results indicate stability of WSi2N4 against H2O and CO2 in both dark and bright conditions, suggesting the potential of this material in nanodevice applications.
Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) reducing daily energy expenditure and body core temperature
Authors: Mohl Björn-Patrick , Blaurock Claudia , Riek Alexander , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R. , Balkema-Buschmann Anne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGolden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are a well-established animal model for human infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, robust virus replication and pathological manifestations similar to human COVID-19 pneumonia. To investigate the physiological changes upon infection in this animal model, we explored the alterations in daily energy expenditure (DEE), water turnover, body mass, body temperature, and locomotor activity in non-infected and SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters for four days post SARS-CoV-2. DEE was measured using the doubly labelled water method, which allows for the accurate estimation of carbon dioxide production and, consequently, energy expenditure in animals. Additionally, we investigated total water intake (TWI), which comprises drinking water, preformed water in food, and metabolic water. Using intraperitoneally implanted data loggers, we also monitored body core temperature and locomotor activity in some of the animals. Here we provide evidence for infected hamsters exhibiting significantly lower DEE and TWI compared to non-infected animals. We also observed an increase in body weight in the non-infected animals, while infected animals experienced weight loss. Further, infected animals showed a significantly decreased body temperature, indicating a generally lowered metabolic rate.
Gaseous emissions from brake wear can form secondary particulate matter
Authors: Patel Anil , Aggarwal Sneha , Bard Lucas , Durif Olivier , Introna Micol , Juárez-Facio Ana Teresa , Tu Minghui , Elihn Karine , Nozière Barbara , Olofsson Ulf , Steimer Sarah S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRoad traffic is an important source of urban air pollutants. Due to increasingly strict controls of exhaust emissions from road traffic, their contribution to the total emissions has strongly decreased over time in high-income countries. In contrast, non-exhaust emissions from road vehicles are not yet legislated and now make up the major proportion of road traffic emissions in many countries. Brake wear, which occurs due to friction between brake linings and their rotating counterpart, is one of the main non-exhaust sources contributing to particle emissions. Since the focus of brake wear emission has largely been on particulate pollutants, little is currently known about gaseous emissions such as volatile organic compounds from braking and their fate in the atmosphere. This study investigates the oxidative ageing of gaseous brake wear emissions generated with a pin-on-disc tribometer, using an oxidation flow reactor. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the photooxidation of gaseous brake wear emissions can lead to formation of secondary particulate matter, which could amplify the environmental impact of brake wear emissions.