bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone-like immunoreactivity in hair measured in minute sample amounts - a competitive radioimmunoassay with an adequate limit of detection
Authors: Slezak Julia K. , Ström Jakob O. , Theodorsson Elvar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe concentrations of testosterone deposited in hair during hair growth may provide a retrospective reflection of the concentrations of bioactive testosterone in plasma. The objective of this study was to develop a radioimmunoassay with a sufficiently low limit of detection to measure the testosterone-like immunoreactivity in smaller hair samples (5 mg) than used in earlier studies, and to compare three different extraction procedures. The competitive radioimmunoassay consisted of a polyclonal antiserum (immunogen testosterone-7α-BSA) and a radioligand synthesised from testosterone-3-CMO-histamine. The within-assay and total coefficients of variation in the working range was 3% and 4.5%, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.87 pg/mL, which is equivalent to 0.12 pg/mg testosterone in 5 mg of hair. The concentration of testosterone-like immunoreactivity in hair samples was 1.23 (SD 0.47) pg/mg in women and 2.67 (SD 0.58) pg/mg in men (pulverised hair). Significantly improved precision was found when pulverised hair was used compared to non-pulverised hair. Our data indicate that pulverisation of the hair prior to hormone extraction is crucial. Detection limits fit for the intended purpose are achievable with 5 mg samples of hair.
Generation of steady entanglement via unilateral qubit driving in bad cavities
Authors: Jin Zhao , Su Shi-Lei , Zhu Ai-Dong , Wang Hong-Fu , Shen Li-Tuo , Zhang Shou 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe propose a scheme for generating an entangled state for two atoms trapped in two separate cavities coupled to each other. The scheme is based on the competition between the unitary dynamics induced by the classical fields and the collective decays induced by the dissipation of two non-local bosonic modes. In this scheme, only one qubit is driven by external classical fields, whereas the other need not be manipulated via classical driving. This is meaningful for experimental implementation between separate nodes of a quantum network. The steady entanglement can be obtained regardless of the initial state, and the robustness of the scheme against parameter fluctuations is numerically demonstrated. We also give an analytical derivation of the stationary fidelity to enable a discussion of the validity of this regime. Furthermore, based on the dissipative entanglement preparation scheme, we construct a quantum state transfer setup with multiple nodes as a practical application.
PD-1/PD-L1 binding studies using microscale thermophoresis
Authors: Magnez Romain , Thiroux Bryan , Taront Solenne , Segaoula Zacharie , Quesnel Bruno , Thuru Xavier 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe characterization of protein interactions has become essential in many fields of life science, especially drug discovery. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a powerful new method for the quantitative analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with low sample consumption. In addition, one of the major advantages of this technique is that no tedious purification step is necessary to access the protein of interest. Here, we describe a protocol using MST to determine the binding affinity of the PD-1/PD-L1 couple, which is involved in tumour escape processes, without purification of the target protein from cell lysates. The method requires the overexpression of fluorescent proteins in CHO-K1 cells and describes the optimal conditions for determining the dissociation constant. The protocol has a variety of potential applications in studying the interactions of these proteins with small molecules and demonstrates that MST is a valuable method for studying the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Gene-activated matrix/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells constructs regenerate sweat glands-like structure in vivo
Authors: Kolakshyapati Pranish , Li Xiuyuan , Chen Chunye , Zhang Mingxia , Tan Weiqiang , Ma Lie , Gao Changyou 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is a significant challenge to regenerate full-thickness skin defects with sweat glands. Various skin substitutes have been developed to resolve this issue with minimal success. In this study, to yield a novel construct forin situregeneration of sweat glands, the collagen-chitosan porous scaffold was combined with Lipofectamine 2000/pDNA-EGF complexes to obtain the gene-activated scaffold (GAS), which was then seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The porous scaffold functionalized as a reservoir for the incorporated gene complexes which were released in a sustained manner. The seeded BM-MSCs were transfectedin situby the released complexes and specially differentiated into sweat gland cellsin vitrounder the induction of the expressed epidermal growth factor (EGF). Applicationin vivoof the GAS/BM-MSCs constructs on the full-thickness skin defects of SD rats confirmed that GAS/BM-MSCs could accelerate the wound healing process and induce thein situregeneration of the full-thickness skin with sweat gland-like structures. Analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR and Western-blotting, the levels of the major sweat gland markers such as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) were all up-regulated, indicating that GAS/BM-MSCs can facilitate the regeneration of sweat glands-like structurein vivo.
Fibronectin is a stress responsive gene regulated by HSF1 in response to geldanamycin
Authors: Dhanani Karim Colin Hassan , Samson William John , Edkins Adrienne Lesley 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFibronectin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with key roles in cell adhesion and migration. Hsp90 binds directly to fibronectin and Hsp90 depletion regulates fibronectin matrix stability. Where inhibition of Hsp90 with a C-terminal inhibitor, novobiocin, reduced the fibronectin matrix, treatment with an N-terminal inhibitor, geldanamycin, increased fibronectin levels. Geldanamycin treatment induced a stress response and a strong dose and time dependent increase in fibronectin mRNA via activation of the fibronectin promoter. Three putative heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in the fibronectin promoter. Loss of two of these HSEs reduced both basal and geldanamycin-induced promoter activity, as did inhibition of the stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1. Binding of HSF1 to one of the putative HSE was confirmed by ChIP under basal conditions, and occupancy shown to increase with geldanamycin treatment. These data support the hypothesis that fibronectin is stress-responsive and a functional HSF1 target gene. COLA42 and LAMB3 mRNA levels were also increased with geldanamycin indicating that regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes by HSF1 may be a wider phenomenon. Taken together, these data have implications for our understanding of ECM dynamics in stress-related diseases in which HSF1 is activated, and where the clinical application of N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors is intended.
Extratropical forcing and tropical rainfall distribution: energetics framework and ocean Ekman advection
Authors: Kang Sarah M. , Shin Yechul , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntense tropical rainfall occurs in a narrow belt near the equator, called the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In the past decade, the atmospheric energy budget has been used to explain changes in the zonal-mean ITCZ position. The energetics framework provides a mechanism for extratropics-to-tropics teleconnections, which have been postulated from paleoclimate records. In atmosphere models coupled with a motionless slab ocean, the ITCZ shifts toward the warmed hemisphere in order for the Hadley circulation to transport energy toward the colder hemisphere. However, recent studies using fully coupled models show that tropical rainfall can be rather insensitive to extratropical forcing when ocean dynamics is included. Here, we explore the effect of meridional Ekman heat advection while neglecting the upwelling effect on the ITCZ response to prescribed extratropical thermal forcing. The tropical component of Ekman advection is a negative feedback that partially compensates the prescribed forcing, whereas the extratropical component is a positive feedback that amplifies the prescribed forcing. Overall, the tropical negative feedback dominates over the extratropical positive feedback. Thus, including Ekman advection reduces the need for atmospheric energy transport, dampening the ITCZ response. We propose to build a hierarchy of ocean models to systematically explore the full dynamical response of the coupled climate system.
Population measurement for health systems
Authors: R. Schatz Bruce 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHow can health systems make good use of digital medicine? For healthcare infrastructure, the answer is population measurement, monitoring people to compute status for clustering cohorts. In chronic care, most effective is measuring all the time, to track health status as it gradually changes. Passive monitors run in the background, without additional tasks to activate monitors, especially on mobile phones. At its core, a health system is a “sorting problem”. Each patient entering the system must be effectively sorted into treatment cohorts. Health systems have three primary problems: Case Finding (which persons have which diagnoses), Risk Stratification (which persons are which status), and Care Routing (which persons need which treatments). The issue is then which measures can be continuously monitored at appropriate periodicity. The solutions of population measurement measure vital signs with passive monitors. These are input to predictive analytics to detect clinical values for providing care within health systems. For chronic care, complex vitals must be measured for overall status, such as oxygen saturation or gait speed. This enables healthcare infrastructure to support stratification, with persons placed into current levels of health status. Practical considerations for health systems influence implementation of new infrastructure. Case finding is more likely to be useful in urban settings, with barriers to entry based upon lower incomes. Care routing is more likely to be useful in rural settings, with barriers to entry based upon isolated geographies. Viable healthcare at acceptable quality and affordable cost is now possible for the range of geographies and incomes.
Caught in the rhythm
Authors: Welker C. , Dubois Y. , Pichon C. , Devriendt J. , Chisari N. E. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The anisotropic distribution of satellites around the central galaxy of their host halo is both well-documented in observations and predicted by the ΛCDM model. However its amplitude, direction and possible biases associated to the specific dynamics of such satellite galaxies are still highly debated.
Aims. Using the cosmological hydrodynamics simulation Horizon-AGN, we aim to quantify the anisotropy of the spatial distribution of satellite galaxies relative to their central counterpart and explore its connexion to the local cosmic web, in the redshift range between 0.3 and 0.8.
Methods. Haloes and galaxies were identified and their kinematics computed using their dark matter and stellar particles respectively. Sub-haloes were discarded and galaxies lying within 5 Rvir of a given halo are matched to it. The filamentary structure of the cosmic web was extracted from the density field – smoothed over a 3 h−1 Mpc typical scale – as a network of contiguous segments. We then investigated the distribution function of relevant angles, most importantly the angle α between the central-to-satellite separation vector and the group’s nearest filament, aside with the angle between this same separation and the central minor axis. This allowed us to explore the correlations between filamentary infall, intra-cluster inspiralling and the resulting distribution of satellites around their central counterpart.
Results. We find that, on average, satellites tend to be located on the galactic plane of the central object. This effect is detected for central galaxies with a stellar mass larger than 1010 M⊙ and found to be strongest for red passive galaxies, while blue galaxies exhibit a weaker trend. For galaxies with a minor axis parallel to the direction of the nearest filament, we find that the coplanarity is stronger in the vicinity of the central galaxy, and decreases when moving towards the outskirts of the host halo. By contrast, the spatial distribution of satellite galaxies relative to their closest filament follows the opposite trend: their tendency to align with them dominates at large distances from the central galaxy, and fades away in its vicinity. In that redshift range, we find hints that massive red centrals with a spin perpendicular to their filament also have corotating satellites well aligned with both the galactic plane and the filament. On the other hand, lower-mass blue centrals with a spin parallel to their filament have satellites flowing straight along this filament, and hence orthogonally to their galactic plane. The orbit of these satellites is then progressively bent towards a better alignment with the galactic plane as they penetrate the central region of their host halo.
Conclusions. The kinematics previously described are consistent with satellite infall and spin build-up via quasi-polar flows, followed by a re-orientation of the spin of massive red galaxies through mergers.
Constraints on core-collapse supernova progenitors from explosion site integral field spectroscopy
Authors: Kuncarayakti H. , Anderson J. P. , Galbany L. , Maeda K. , Hamuy M. , Aldering G. , Arimoto N. , Doi M. , Morokuma T. , Usuda T. 
Published: December 2017

Context. Observationally, supernovae (SNe) are divided into subclasses according to their distinct characteristics. This diversity naturally reflects the diversity in the progenitor stars. It is not entirely clear, however, how different evolutionary paths leading massive stars to become an SN are governed by fundamental parameters such as progenitor initial mass and metallicity.
Aims. This paper places constraints on progenitor initial mass and metallicity in distinct core-collapse SN subclasses through a study of the parent stellar populations at the explosion sites.
Methods. Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of 83 nearby SN explosion sites with a median distance of 18 Mpc has been collected and analysed, enabling detection and spectral extraction of the parent stellar population of SN progenitors. From the parent stellar population spectrum, the initial mass and metallicity of the coeval progenitor are derived by means of comparison to simple stellar population models and strong-line methods. Additionally, near-infrared IFS was employed to characterise the star formation history at the explosion sites.
Results. No significant metallicity differences are observed among distinct SN types. The typical progenitor mass is found to be highest for SN type Ic, followed by type Ib, then types IIb and II. Type IIn is the least associated with young stellar populations and thus massive progenitors. However, statistically significant differences in progenitor initial mass are observed only when comparing SNe IIn with other subclasses. Stripped-envelope SN progenitors with initial mass estimates lower than 25 M⊙ are found; they are thought to be the result of binary progenitors. Confirming previous studies, these results support the notion that core-collapse SN progenitors cannot arise from single-star channels only, and both single and binary channels are at play in the production of core-collapse SNe. Near-infrared IFS suggests that multiple stellar populations with different ages may be present in some of the SN sites. As a consequence, there could be a non-negligible amount of contamination from old populations, and therefore the individual age estimates are effectively lower limits.
General relativistic magnetohydrodynamical κ-jet
models for Sagittarius A*
Authors: Davelaar J. , Mościbrodzka M. , Bronzwaer T. , Falcke H. 
Published: December 2017

Context. The observed spectral energy distribution of an accreting supermassive black hole typically forms a power-law spectrum in the near infrared (NIR) and optical wavelengths, that may be interpreted as a signature of accelerated electrons along the jet. However, the details of acceleration remain uncertain.
Aim. In this paper, we study the radiative properties of jets produced in axisymmetric general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) simulations of hot accretion flows onto underluminous supermassive black holes both numerically and semi-analytically, with the aim of investigating the differences between models with and without accelerated electrons inside the jet.
Methods. We assume that electrons are accelerated in the jet regions of our GRMHD simulation. To model them, we modify the electrons’ distribution function in the jet regions from a purely relativistic thermal distribution to a combination of a relativistic thermal distribution and the κ-distribution function (the κ-distribution function is itself a combination of a relativistic thermal and a non-thermal power-law distribution, and thus it describes accelerated electrons). Inside the disk, we assume a thermal distribution for the electrons. In order to resolve the particle acceleration regions in the GRMHD simulations, we use a coordinate grid that is optimized for modeling jets. We calculate jet spectra and synchrotron maps by using the ray tracing code RAPTOR, and compare the synthetic observations to observations of Sgr A*. Finally, we compare numerical models of jets to semi-analytical ones.
Results. We find that in the κ-jet models, the radio-emitting region size, radio flux, and spectral index in NIR/optical bands increase for decreasing values of the κ parameter, which corresponds to a larger amount of accelerated electrons. This is in agreement with analytical predictions. In our models, the size of the emission region depends roughly linearly on the observed wavelength λ, independently of the assumed distribution function. The model with κ = 3.5, ηacc = 5–10% (the percentage of electrons that are accelerated), and observing angle i = 30° fits the observed Sgr A* emission in the flaring state from the radio to the NIR/optical regimes, while κ = 3.5, ηacc < 1%, and observing angle i = 30° fit the upper limits in quiescence. At this point, our models (including the purely thermal ones) cannot reproduce the observed source sizes accurately, which is probably due to the assumption of axisymmetry in our GRMHD simulations. The κ-jet models naturally recover the observed nearly-flat radio spectrum of Sgr A* without invoking the somewhat artificial isothermal jet model that was suggested earlier.
Conclusions. From our model fits we conclude that between 5% and 10% of the electrons inside the jet of Sgr A* are accelerated into a κ distribution function when Sgr A* is flaring. In quiescence, we match the NIR upper limits when this percentage is <1%.
Use and Effectiveness of the Cadaver-Lab in Orthopaedic and Traumatology Education: An Italian Survey
Authors: Losco Michele , Familiari Filippo , Giron Francesco , Papalia Rocco 
Published: December 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the availability and current use of cadaver laboratories in the education of orthopaedic residents and trainees and to determine the interest for the implementation of this type of training.
Methods All Orthopaedic residents and trainees who attended a cadaver laboratory organized by SIGASCOT (Italian Society of the Knee, Arthroscopy, Sports Traumatology, Cartilage and Orthopaedic Technology) between 2013 and 2016 were asked to complete a survey on the availability and current use of cadaver laboratories in the education of Orthopaedic residents and trainees. The survey was sent via e-mail to 102 Orthopaedic residents and trainees. All data were analyzed and all responses are presented as counts, percentages, or means.
Results Thirty-eight (37.2%) Orthopaedics and traumatology residents and trainees completed the survey and were included in this analysis. Eighteen trainees (18/38; 44.3%) attended a cadaver laboratory focused on lower limb surgery, whereas 20 (20/38; 52.7%) on upper limb surgery. Twenty participants (55.7%) perceived skills laboratory sessions as extremely beneficial to the understanding and becoming familiar with the normal surgical anatomy; moreover, 16 (45.7%) participants considered the cadaver laboratory extremely beneficial to the understanding of a specific surgical technique and very beneficial (44.4%) to become confident with arthroscopic or other specific surgical instruments. Over 60% of participants perceived cadaver laboratory to be very to extremely beneficial to increase confidence and speed in the operating room (OR), and more than a half of them considered skills laboratory sessions to be extremely beneficial to increase participation and decrease the occurrence of damages in the real surgical activity.
Conclusion Orthopaedic residents and trainees found the addition of a cadaver laboratory for teaching surgical skills a significant benefit to both their overall education and surgical skills training.
Level of Evidence Level IV, survey study.
Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts
Authors: Cucchi Davide , Marmotti Antongiulio , De Giorgi Silvana , Costa Alberto , D'Apolito Rocco , Conca Marco , Russo Alessandro , Saccomanno Maristella , de Girolamo Laura ,   SIGASCOT Research Committee
Published: December 2017

AbstractShoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder stiffness. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and metabolic factors, medical disorders, drugs, and of other published risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness is reviewed and discussed. Finally, aspects related to shoulder surgery and postoperative rehabilitation protocols, which could influence the development of postoperative stiffness are presented.