bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clostebol and sport: about controversies involving contamination vs. doping offence
Authors: Kintz Pascal , Gheddar Laurie , Pichini Simona , Plebani Mario , Salomone Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Clostebol, the 4-chloro derivative of testosterone, available as Over The Counter product in pharmacies and drugstores in several countries, is mostly commercialized as a cream or spray in the form of acetate ester. As other anabolic steroids, clostebol is listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Controlled transdermal application of clostebol acetate has been reported to produce detectable amounts of its metabolites in urine, even after a single exposure. Indeed, a low urine concentration can be interpreted as the tail of a drug voluntarily used to enhance performance or a direct consequence of a contamination. The increased number of adverse analytical findings (AAFs) involving clostebol reported in the last years should lead to highlight the need for athletes to be warned against personal and /or accidental use/exposure of dermal preparation containing this doping agent. Further discussion on possible threshold limits and laboratory testing on different matrices (e.g. hair) to better clarify the origin of minimal amounts of clostebol in urines is advisable.
Monosodium glutamate induces hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivation, glucocorticoid receptors down-regulation, and systemic inflammatory response in young male rats: Impact on miR-155 and miR-218
Authors: Atteia Hebatallah Husseini , Gharib Amal F. , Asker Mervat El-Sayed , Arafa Manar Hamed , Sakr Amr Tawfik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Young children are attracted to flavored foods with enhancers, particularly monosodium glutamate (MSG). Experimental studies have proven that MSG can alter the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response in neonates. We, therefore, investigated the modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) by dietary MSG and its association with the stimulation of the HPA axis and inflammatory response in young male rats. One-month-old male rats were fed chow enriched with MSG (3 g/kg) for 16 weeks. Feeding MSG to rats markedly up-regulated hypothalamic miR-218, Toll-like receptors-4, and nuclear factor-kB but down-regulated miR-155 and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). In addition, it triggered a remarkable elevation in adrenocortical lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidants. These changes were coupled with increased plasma levels of the HPA axis hormones, comprising corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone levels, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, current findings indicated that MSG caused an activation of the HPA axis, a down-regulation of GRs, and a systemic inflammatory response. These disturbances were associated with modulating hypothalamic miRNAs, encompassing miR-218 and 155.
Hardfacing of GX40CrNiSi25-20 cast stainless steel with an austenitic manganese steel electrode
Authors: Mitelea Ion , Cosma Daniela , Karancsi Olimpiu , Burcă Mircea , Crăciunescu Corneliu Marius , Uțu Ion-Dragoş 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of engineering components, various surface modification techniques have been devised. Among these, arc welding processes employing specialized electrodes offer relatively straightforward methods with low production costs for hardfacing applications. This paper focuses on the hardfacing process using pulsed current arc welding to reinforce cast austenitic steel structural components, aiming to prolong their lifespan. Typically, hardfacing coatings utilize Fe, Ni, and Co-based alloys. Among these, Fe-based alloys, such as manganese austenitic alloys employed in our experiments, are favored for their robust mechanical work hardening capacity, resulting in significant hardness enhancements (from 186–219 HV5 in the as-deposited layer to 468–492 HV5 after mechanical work hardening) under intense wear and impact conditions. The innovation of the hardfacing process developed in this study lies in utilizing a universal TIG source adapted for manual welding with a covered electrode in pulsed current mode. This hardfacing technique can be applied to both worn components in operation and new ones before being put into service, thereby ensuring long-term durability and reducing maintenance costs.
Effects of iodine contrast media on thyroid function – a prospective study
Authors: Carlqvist Jeanette , Nyman Ulf , Brandberg John , Nyström Helena Filipsson , Hellström Mikael 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
When exposed to iodine contrast medium (ICM), thyroid dysfunction may develop, due to excess amounts of iodide. The incidence of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction has been difficult to interpret, because of the observational and retrospective designs of most previous studies. With the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), where randomly selected individuals aged 50–65 years, underwent contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography (CCTA), we were able to prospectively assess the incidence, magnitude and clinical impact of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction.

Methods
In 422 individuals, thyroid hormone levels were analysed before and 4–12 weeks after CCTA. Thyroid-related patient-reported outcome questionnaires (ThyPRO) at the time of pre and post-CCTA blood samplings were provided by 368 of those individuals. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOab) were analysed and an ultrasound of the thyroid gland was performed to detect any thyroid nodules.

Results
There was a small statistically significant effect on thyroid hormone levels but no cases of overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism after ICM. Subclinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism or isolated low/high levels of free thyroxine (fT4) developed in 3.5% of the population with normal hormone levels pre-CCTA but without any increased thyroid-related symptoms compared to the remaining cohort. Elevated TPOab and being born outside Sweden were risk factors for developing subclinical hypothyroidism. The presence of thyroid nodules was not associated with ICM-induced thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusion
The results of this prospective study support the notion that in iodine-sufficient countries, ICM-associated thyroid dysfunction is rare, usually mild, self-limiting and oligo/asymptomatic in subjects aged 50–65 years.
Pandangan Islam Mengenai Fotografer (Studi Kasus: Photo Prewedding sebelum sah)
Authors: Yudha Tanjung Arswendo , Hatmanto Ridho 
Published: October 2024

Pandangan Islam tentang fotografer, terutama dalam prewedding sebelum ijab sah, bervariasi. Secara umum, Islam menekankan kesucian dan keabsahan pernikahan dengan ijab kabul yang jelas. Praktik prewedding dengan pemotretan sebelum ijab sah memunculkan pertanyaan etika. Beberapa ulama mengkritik praktik ini karena dianggap melanggar kesucian pernikahan Islam, melibatkan komitmen sebelum ijab kabul resmi. Namun, ada juga pandangan yang mengizinkan foto prewedding selama tidak melanggar norma agama dan nilai-nilai moral Islam. Dalam konteks ini, penting untuk menyelidiki pandangan ulama, fatwa, dan kesesuaian praktik prewedding dengan prinsip-prinsip pernikahan Islam. Ini bertujuan agar pasangan dan fotografer memahami konsekuensi agama dari keputusan mereka dan menjaga agar praktik tersebut tetap sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Islamic views on photographers, especially in pre-wedding before legal marriage,vary. In general, Islam emphasizes the sanctity and validity of marriage with a clear consent. The practice of pre-wedding with a photo shoot before the marriage ceremony raises ethical questions. Some clerics have criticized this practice because it violates the sanctity of Islamic marriage, involving commitment before the formal consent. However, there are also views that allow pre-wedding photos as long as they do not violate religious norms and Islamic moral values. In this context, it is important to investigate the views of ulama, fatwas, and the suitability of pre-wedding practices with Islamic marriage principles. This aims to ensure that couples and photographers understand the religious consequences of their decisions and keep the practice in line with Islamic values.
Health care seeking behaviour of patients reporting to a dental health Institution- A cross sectional study
Authors: Shekharappa Hema Tyavanige , Ghattad Shreya Anilkumar 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the factors influencing healthcare-seeking behaviour among patients presenting to a dental institution. Oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are prevalent global health concerns, particularly in developed countries, whereas oral cancers are more common in developing countries. In India, there is observed lower utilization of dental care services and higher rates of dental problems. This descriptive study involved 220 patients who visited a dental college and hospital in India. Patients were interviewed to gather information on their chief complaint, history of previous treatment for the complaint, and reasons for delaying dental treatment. The study identified several key factors contributing to delays in seeking dental treatment. Negligence was cited by 27.1% of patients, absence of symptoms by 14.5%, and financial constraints by 9%. Gender, occupation, and education level of patients also showed varying impacts on healthcare-seeking behaviour. Negligence, lack of symptom awareness, and financial constraints, particularly in rural and suburban areas were the significant barriers to timely dental treatment among patients in a dental institution in India.
Evaluation of <i>Saussurea lappa</i> on Oxidative Stress and Cognition in Aluminium-induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rats
Authors: Sadia Humera , Sumalatha Govindu 
Published: October 2024

Background: Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are closely associated. There has been a lot of thought put into finding medicinal plants with nootropic properties to slow the onset and course of AD. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the methanolic extract of Saussurea lappa clarke (MESC) on oxidative stress and cognitive ability induced by aluminium exposure. Methods: Wistar albino rats were chosen for the study. About 30 animals were selected and grouped into 5 with 6 animals in each group. Group I served as control, group II served as disease induced (Aluminium-induced), group III, IV and V were administered with standard drug – Donepezil Hcl, and MESC at two doses – 200 and 400 mg/kg. The behavioural studies were examined by using certain apparatus like Passive Avoidance (PA) test, Elevated Plus Maze, Y- Maze and Actophotometer. Determination of anti-oxidant enzymes – Catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels which was done in rat’s brain homogenate. Results: In the PA test, administration of MESC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (**p< 0.01) lengthened step-through latency (STL) in rats on day 30 compared to the positive control group. Animals at MESC (200 & 400 mg/kg) showed noticeably higher memory retention (MR) rates as compared to the disease-control group. Additionally, administration of MESC (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (**p< 0.01) raised CAT and declined the concentration of TBARS. AChE concentration was significantly (**p< 0.01) reduced at the dose of MESC at 200 and 400 mg/kg as compared to the positive control group. Conclusion: The present study showed that MESC had a strong nootropic effect on brain antioxidant indicators and cognitive function in rats exposed to aluminium-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. These findings may be investigated in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
Gender-Based Driving Behavior Patterns in the Context of Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Dehghani Arezoo , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud , Delpisheh Ali , Soori Hamid , Masoumi Gholamreza 
Published: October 2024

Background: Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of deaths in all ages. Considering the fact that driving is a social context with different rules and behaviours, the present study was aimed to explore the patterns of gender-based driving behaviours focusing on women driving in the context of Iran.
Methods: Through a conventional content analysis, overall, 30 participants with different social and educational levels were recruited. A purposeful sampling method was used in which 7 males and 23 females were included because of sample triangulation. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed through inductive content analysis.
Results: Overall, three main categories and 10 subcategories were extracted from the data including unsafe risky behaviours against female drivers (subcategories of scary behaviours, aggression and violence against female drivers, ignoring women and revenge-based behaviours), protective and friendly behaviours (helping and caring for women drivers, respecting women drivers, being patient for women driving subcategories) and specific driving behaviours of women (preventive and cautious behaviours, driving based on traffic rules and cultural characteristics subcategories).
Conclusion: Different patterns of driving behaviors focused on female drivers were found in the present research. Reducing the aggressive gender-based driving behaviors against female drivers and strengthening the protective behaviors for women can be achieved through establishing appropriate rules and public education. Further research is required to explore the process of gender-based driving behaviours, as well as identifying different consequences of such behaviours on communities.
“Quando o bispo e o padre assumem essas causas do povo, estão agindo em nome de Jesus Cristo”
Authors: Sales Jean Rodrigues , Gomes Alexander de Souza , Alexandre Maria Lúcia Bezerra da Silva 
Published: October 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar as reflexões de dom Adriano Hypólito sobre a Baixada Fluminense e a ditadura militar. O texto destaca um aspecto marcante e pouco estudado nas pesquisas sobre o período: a atuação de atores políticos nas periferias das grandes metrópoles. No caso específico, parte-se da intervenção de um bispo progressista da Igreja Católica, que atuou numa cidade pobre e marginalizada do estado do Rio de Janeiro, chegando, por isso, a ser sequestrado por setores militares em 1976. Na primeira metade dos anos 1980, o bispo ocupou uma coluna semanal do jornal Correio da Lavoura, veículo centenário da cidade de Nova Iguaçu, onde analisava temas relativos à Igreja e à sociedade. A hipótese central do texto é a de que as reflexões feitas por dom Adriano podem servir como estudo de caso para compreensão do pensamento e ação de setores progressistas tanto na Baixada Fluminense quanto em outros territórios periféricos brasileiros no período final do regime militar.
The aroma of toasted oak wood (<i>Quercus petraea</i>): from sensory analysis to molecular characterisation
Authors: Courregelongue Marie , Pons Alexandre 
Published: October 2024

The chemical complexity of the aroma compounds developed by oak wood during the toasting process is known to contribute to the quality of wines and spirits after barrel ageing. Molecular characterisation of toasted oak wood has increased steadily in recent years, using the traditional olfactory-guided approach by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry and mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS); however, few studies have focused on its sensory characterisation. In this study, a sensory characterisation of oak wood (Quercus petraea) was first carried out during toasting in order to identify any descriptors that had not yet been characterised from a molecular point of view. Thus, in the second part of this work, we were able to identify volatile compounds associated with the aroma of toasted oak wood.Based on previous work in oenology, the sensory characterisation of oak wood was carried out in three stages: identification, structuring and description of a sensory space. Data processing of the 215 descriptors generated by the panel of experts revealed six descriptors specific to the aroma of oak wood throughout its toasting (i.e., fresh wood, fresh green, sweet, roasted, spicy and smoky). The results were represented graphically in the form of an aroma wheel, which was used to highlight the descriptors that had not yet been characterised from a molecular point of view. Thus, two volatile compounds were identified: thymoquinone (pencil and cedar odour) and verbenone (fresh, menthol and tealeaf odour). Their evolution in oak wood during toasting and their distribution in different wood species used in oenology (sessile oak, pedunculate oak, American oak, Caucasian oak, acacia and chestnut) were studied. Their sensory impact was studied by assessing their olfactory detection threshold in a model wine solution. The thresholds were evaluated at 49 ng/L for thymoquinone and 193 µg/L for verbenone.
Evolution of EEG Findings in Patients with Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Narrett Jackson A , Byrnes MarieElena , Gilmore Emily J , Hirsch Lawrence J , Punia Vineet , Sivaraju Adithya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Increasing use of continuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) provides the opportunity to observe temporal trends in EEG patterns during the acute phase of brain injury. These trends have not been extensively documented.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing cEEG between January 1st and June 30th, 2019, at two academic medical centers. Only patients with acute brain injury having electrographic or electroclinical seizures or epileptic EEG findings on day one of monitoring and ≥ two calendar days of cEEG were included. The temporal evolution of EEG patterns was depicted as a heatmap.
Results
Of 1356 screened patients, 101 met the study criteria. Clinical acute symptomatic seizures occurred in 30 patients (29.7%) prior to EEG. The median number of days of cEEG was four (IQR 3–6). Amongst patients with electrographic seizures, status epilepticus, generalized periodic discharges, or sporadic epileptiform discharges, 24.6% had improvement and 54.1% had resolution of epileptic EEG findings by the final day of monitoring. In contrast, 65% with lateralized periodic discharges or lateralized rhythmic delta activity persisted or worsened. Overall, 61.4% (62/101) showed either improvement (19.8%) or resolution (41.6%) of their EEG findings prior to hospital discharge. Of the 36 patients with follow-up EEGs at a median of 4.5 (IQR 3–8) months after admission for acute brain injury, 83% (30/36) showed either improvement (1/36; 2.7%) or resolution (29/36; 80.6%).
Conclusions
We observed a trend towards normalization of most epileptiform patterns except LPDs and LRDA, over time in patients with acute brain injury. The clinical significance of this trend as it relates to antiseizure medication treatment and neurologic outcomes warrants further investigation in an independent cohort.
Event attribution for quantifying the role of climate change in internal displacement: The case of Somalia
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa , Cuaresma Jesus Crespo , Muttarak Raya , Li Shihan , Otto Friederike 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The science of event attribution is relatively nascent. While its body of knowledge is growing fast, numerous gaps remain, including on the appropriate statistical methods and the proper consideration of various degrees of vulnerabilities and exposure. We show that attributing climate change to internal displacement requires a focus on the interplay between climate and non-climate drivers of impacts via a feasibility study of the 2020 floods in Somalia. Using detailed internal displacement flow data, we describe the socio-spatial characteristics associated with the flooding event. We show that climate change has a limited role in revealing displacement impacts and magnitude following the extreme event.
COVID-19 and chronic liver disease: results from the 1219 patients French registry
Authors: Blaise L. , Dumortier J. , Ganne-Carrié N. , Lebossé F. , Costentin C. , Ahmed S. Si , Heurgué A. , Fontaine H. , Meszaros M. , Radenne S. , Vanlemmens C. , Landrieux A. , Bouzbib C. , Barraud H. , Bardou-Jacquet E. , Chazouillères O. , Latournerie M. , Rosa I. , Anty R. , Gelu-Siméon M. , Khaldi M. , Amaddeo G. , Lemaitre C. , Bernard-Chabert B. , Moga L. , Roulot-Marullo D. , Elkrief L. , Boursier J. , Plessier A. , Bureau C. , Pageaux G.-P. , Rémy A. J. , Sultanik P. , de Ledinghen V. , Reboux N. , Texier F. , Hiriart J.-B. , Montialoux H. , Montigny S. , Rudler M. , Williet N. , Talib Z. , Mboup B. , Bourlière M. , Vicaut E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The negative impact of Coronavirus SARS CoV-2 related Disease (COVID-19) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) has been described in several cohorts. We report here the results from the largest French cohort in “real-life”. The primary outcome was 30-days mortality.
Patients with CLD regardless of etiology, who developed COVID-19 confirmed by a positive PCR and/or an evocative chest CT scan were included. The prognostic influence of clinical and biological features was assessed and multivariate analyses were made.
Between 08/05/2020 and 31/12/2021, 1219 patients were included, mostly men (62%), median age 61 years, with advanced liver fibrosis in 46%, alcohol-related in 21% of the cases, complicated by liver failure (CHILD-PUGH B/C) in 170 of patients with cirrhosis (40%). Moreover 366 patients (30%) were immunocompromised, including 271 organ transplant recipients.
Hospitalization in intensive care unit was required in 11% of the patients and 159 patients (13%) died, 70% of them from extra-hepatic causes.
Overall, the independent risk factors for death were age > 61 years, diabetes, advanced liver fibrosis, and alcoholic etiology of the liver disease. Immunosuppression was not a prognostic factor in multivariate analysis.
The results of this cohort confirm a significant vulnerability of COVID-19 patients with CLD. On the other hand, they confirm the absence of excess mortality related to immunosuppression, particularly in liver transplant recipients.
Impact of gut colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bilinski Jaroslaw , Jasinski Marcin , Maciejewska Martyna , Ostrowska Karolina , Rusicka Patrycja , Konarski Wojciech , Podsiadly Edyta , Snarski Emilian , Basak Grzegorz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) face elevated risks of infections. Additionally, patients colonized in the gastrointestinal tract with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are at higher risk of infection with ARB and other infections. Therefore, patients colonized with ARB before auto-SCT should present with an exceptionally high incidence of infections. According to current literature, ARB colonization is the surrogate marker for dysbiosis, which is known to be associated with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Given that, this retrospective study aimed to assess the influence of ARB colonization on infection rates, hematopoiesis regeneration, mucositis, overall survival, and progression free survival following auto-SCT in MM. Data from 138 MM patients undergoing 141 auto-SCT were analyzed, with 15% showing ARB colonization. Among colonized patients, ESBL-producing gram-negative rods predominated. Patients with gut ARB colonization had significantly higher infection rates than non-colonized individuals (52 vs. 26%, P = 0.02), particularly bloodstream infections (43% vs. 14%, P = 0.004). Colonized patients also tended to exhibit shorter survival rate although there was no statistical significance (1-year and 2-year OS; non-colonized vs. colonized; 97 and 92% vs. 90 and 86%; p = 0.054). Based on our results, gut colonization before auto-SCT negatively affects treatment outcomes.