bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards practical artificial intelligence in Earth sciences
Authors: Sun Ziheng , ten Brink Talya , Carande Wendy , Koren Gerbrand , Cristea Nicoleta , Jorgenson Corin , Janga Bhargavi , Asamani Gokul Prathin , Achan Sanjana , Mahoney Mike , Huang Qian , Mehrabian Armin , Munasinghe Thilanka , Liu Zhong , Margolis Aaron , Webley Peter , Gong Bing , Rao Yuhan , Burgess Annie , Huang Andrew , Sandoval Laura , Pagán Brianna R. , Duzgun Sebnem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects are common and desired by many institutions and research teams, there are still relatively few success stories of AI in practical use for the Earth science community. Many AI practitioners in Earth science are trapped in the prototyping stage and their results have not yet been adopted by users. Many scientists are still hesitating to use AI in their research routine. This paper aims to capture the landscape of AI-powered geospatial data sciences by discussing the current and upcoming needs of the Earth and environmental community, such as what practical AI should look like, how to realize practical AI based on the current technical and data restrictions, and the expected outcome of AI projects and their long-term benefits and problems. This paper also discusses unavoidable changes in the near future concerning AI, such as the fast evolution of AI foundation models and AI laws, and how the Earth and environmental community should adapt to these changes. This paper provides an important reference to the geospatial data science community to adjust their research road maps, find best practices, boost the FAIRness (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) aspects of AI research, and reasonably allocate human and computational resources to increase the practicality and efficiency of Earth AI research.
Contextualising Experiences of Co-Occurring Mental Ill-Health and Substance Use Among Trans, Non-Binary, and Gender Diverse Young People: Implications for Tailored Harm Reduction Approaches
Authors: Bailey Sasha , Lin Ashleigh , Cook Angus , Winter Sam , Watson Vanessa , Toussaint Dani Wright , Barrett Emma L. , Newton Nicola C. , Perry Yael , Grummitt Lucinda , Strauss Penelope 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThough significant research highlights higher rates of mental ill-health and substance use among trans, non-binary and gender diverse (henceforth ‘trans’) young people, little research has considered patterns, contextual characteristics, and correlates of co-occurring experiences of mental ill-health and substance use among trans young people. Using data from the Trans Pathways study, we used prevalence ratios and age- and gender-adjusted logistic regression models to examine prevalence and differences of co-occurring substance use (past six-month cigarette use, alcohol use, and other drug use) and contextual characteristics of substance use (past six-month solitary alcohol and/or drug use, substance use for coping) by mental ill-health (depression disorder, anxiety disorder, past 12-month self-harm thoughts and behaviours, suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempt/s). Age- and gender-adjusted models assessed associations between co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders and recent cigarette, alcohol, and other drug use (six co-occurring items total) and 18 interpersonal stressors. Significantly increased odds of smoking or recent use of cannabis or sedatives was observed among trans young people reporting depressive disorder, anxiety disorder (aORs ranging 1.8–3.1). Trans young people who reported recent smoking or use of cannabis, inhalants, or sedatives, had 40% to 80% reduced odds of past 12-month self-harm thoughts, self-harm behaviours, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempt/s (aORs ranging 0.2–0.6). On the other hand, solitary alcohol and/or other drug use and substance use for coping was significantly associated with increased odds of all mental ill-health outcomes. Issues with school, secure housing, and intimate partner abuse were the most robust correlates of co-occurring mental ill-health and substance use. Trans young people using substances, especially cigarettes, cannabis, and sedatives, often so do with co-occurring experiences of depression and anxiety though limited substance use in more ‘social’ contexts may confer benefits for preventing self-harm and suicide thoughts and behaviours. Continued research in partnership with trans young people is warranted to conceptualise more nuanced and precise conceptual parameters of trans-affirming substance use harm reduction approaches.
Using DNA to Predict Education: a Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Wilding Kirsty , Wright Megan , von Stumm Sophie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advances in genomics make it possible to predict individual differences in education from polygenic scores that are person-specific aggregates of inherited DNA differences. Here, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the strength of these DNA-based predictions for educational attainment (e.g., years spent in full-time education) and educational achievement (e.g., school grades). For educational attainment (k = 20, n = 16, Ntotal = 314,757), a multilevel meta-analysis showed an association with polygenic scores of ρ = .27 (95% CI from .22 to .32). For educational achievement (k = 19, n = 10, Ntotal = 83,788), the association was ρ = .24 (95% CI from .18 to .30). Eurocentric biases were evident with only 15% of estimates being reported in samples of non-European ancestry. After accounting for sample ancestry, age at assessment, and education measure, the meta-analytic estimates increased to ρ = .29 (95% CI from .24 to .33) for educational attainment and ρ = .50 (95% CI from .39 to .61) for educational achievement, indicative of large effect sizes. All meta-analytic estimates were associated with significant heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that DNA-based predictions of education are sizeable but vary across samples and studies. We outline three steps to safeguard potential applications of polygenic score predictions in education to maximize their benefits for personalizing learning, while minimizing the bioethical risks of perpetuating social, cultural, and economic inequalities.
Estimation of marginal excess moments for Weibull-type distributions
Authors: Goegebeur Yuri , Guillou Armelle , Qin Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the estimation of the marginal excess moment (MEM), which is defined for a random vector (X, Y) and a parameter $$\beta >0$$

β
>
0

as $$\mathbb {E}[(X-Q_{X}(1-p))_{+}^{\beta }|Y> Q_{Y}(1-p)]$$

E
[

(
X
-

Q
X

(
1
-
p
)

)

+

β

|
Y
>

Q
Y

(
1
-
p
)

]

provided $$\mathbb {E}|X|^{\beta }< \infty $$

E
|
X
|

β

<
∞

, and where $$y_{+}:=\max (0,y)$$

y
+

:
=
max

(
0
,
y
)

, $$Q_{X}$$

Q
X

and $$Q_{Y}$$

Q
Y

are the quantile functions of X and Y respectively, and $$p\in (0,1)$$

p
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. Our interest is in the situation where the random variable X is of Weibull-type while the distribution of Y is kept general, the extreme dependence structure of (X, Y) converges to that of a bivariate extreme value distribution, and we let $$p \downarrow 0$$

p
↓
0

as the sample size $$n \rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

. By using extreme value arguments we introduce an estimator for the marginal excess moment and we derive its limiting distribution. The finite sample properties of the proposed estimator are evaluated with a simulation study and the practical applicability is illustrated on a dataset of wave heights and wind speeds.
Mutual and Thermal Diffusivities in Binary Mixtures of Polystyrene with Dissolved N2 or CO2 by Dynamic Light Scattering
Authors: Schmidt Patrick S. , Jander Julius H. , Alhadi Fatima , Ratka Marcel , Bonten Christian , Klein Tobias , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn physical foaming processes of thermoplastics, a liquid mixture consisting of a molten polymer with a dissolved blowing agent is extruded through a die or injected into a mold. The morphology of the foam matrix strongly depends on the mutual diffusion coefficient D11 of the liquid polymer-blowing agent mixture. For a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms during the foaming process and the development of corresponding models, accurate knowledge of D11 is needed. This work reports on the simultaneous measurement of D11 and the thermal diffusivity a of liquid mixtures consisting of polystyrene melts with dissolved nitrogen (N2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) at mass fractions wsolute up to 0.003 or 0.02 and temperatures T between (433 and 533) K using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The determined D11 range is between (1 and 4) × 109 m2⋅s−1 and are slightly larger for the mixtures containing N2 at a given T and wsolute. D11 could be determined with an average expanded relative uncertainty of 18%. Considering all investigated state points and the achieved experimental uncertainties, both D11 and a are independent on the amount of dissolved gas, despite relatively large mole fractions of the dissolved blowing agents xsolute of 0.997 and 0.93.
Study Crafting in Higher Education: Scale Development and Initial Validation
Authors: Levin Kfir , Creed Peter Alexander , Jones Liz , Duffy Amanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudents in higher education modify their behaviour and environment to align with their study goals and achievements. This proactive process is referred as study crafting, which includes the physical and cognitive changes students make to the task, cognitive, emotional, and relational aspects of their study. This study developed and validated an inventory to measure students’ study crafting behaviours in higher education. The 16-item multifactorial Study Crafting Inventory was devised and tested for its factorial structure and reliability using two samples split from one larger sample (EFA, Sample A = 308; CFA, Sample B = 272). The Inventory assesses four crafting dimensions of managing challenging demands, social demands, structural resources, and social resources. Sound reliability was found with αs of .87, .87, .84, .85, respectively, for the four subscales and .89 overall. Support for construct validity was demonstrated, with scores on the Inventory associated positively with proactivity, growth mindset, and academic grit. This new measure can be used to progress research into how students manage their demands and resources while in higher education.
Transdiagnostic Emotion-Focused Therapy for Couples with Co-Morbid Relational and Mood, Anxiety and Related Difficulties
Authors: Timulak Ladislav , Dailey Jessica , Lunn Jessica , McKnight Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a clear association between relational dissatisfaction in romantic relationships and elevated mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. The association can run in both directions and adds complexity to both relationship and individual difficulties. One of the most studied relationship therapy approaches, emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for couples, focuses on the interactional cycle between partners and also stresses the importance of soothing individual vulnerabilities in order to transform troublesome relational interactions. Thus far, there has not been an attempt to describe a systematic framework for using EFT to work with couples with co-morbid mental health issues. This paper aims to address this gap. It builds upon both recent work in transdiagnostic EFT for individuals, and the EFT for couples framework as optimal scaffolding for a transdiagnostic EFT approach that targets relational issues as well as depression- and anxiety-related presentations in couples. The paper outlines several ways how individual’s chronic emotional vulnerability has the potential to rise to clinical levels of distress and complicate a romantic relationship. The paper then outlines specific therapeutic strategies how to work with individual’s emotional vulnerability and symptom distress it may bring, in the context of the couple relationship. The individual’s emotional vulnerability work is tracked along with relational interactions, in an effort to provide healing and transformational interactions and emotional experiences. A case example from a current research project is outlined to illustrate the use of specific therapeutic strategies and the clinical application of the transdiagnostic EFT approach to couple therapy.
Green spaces in Polish large prefabricated housing estates developed in the socialist era
Authors: Starczewski Tomasz , Rogatka Krzysztof , Noszczyk Tomasz , Kukulska-Kozieł Anita , Cegielska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen spaces are an important element of the spatial structure in large prefabricated housing estates. They have their strengths and weaknesses and generate a number of opportunities and threats, the identification of which allows the potential of these areas to be realised and further developed. The goal of the study is to present the general condition and future of green spaces in large prefabricated housing estates in Poland. It is important to note that to date no research works have been published in the literature that would investigate green spaces in such estates using the SWOT/TOWS method, as confirmed by a search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study area included two such estates located in two Polish cities: Toruń (Rubinkowo I) and Kraków (Bronowice Nowe). The study used the SWOT/TOWS method and an urban-architectural inventory research walk. The results of the study indicate that the best strategy for developing green spaces in estates of this kind is the competitive strategy, which involves taking advantage of opportunities while reducing the weaknesses of green spaces. The research walk also identified a diverse composition of green space species and a high proportion of green spaces in the overall estate area. In addition, green spaces are socially inclusive and can be an important element of urban resilience. The results of this research contribute to the discussion on the condition and future of green spaces in the estates.
Long-term dynamics of grasslands and livestock in Norwegian cultural landscapes: implications for a sustainable transition of rural livelihoods
Authors: Beyene Solomon Mulat , Naumov Vladimir , Angelstam Per 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Context
Abandonment of cultural landscape practices has had a notable impact on grasslands and domestic livestock that depend on them. This affects the prerequisites for sustainable transitions of cultural landscapes, which combine traditional livelihoods and novel ones like tourism.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to explore (1) the long-term temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock in a regional gradient from coastal to inland landscapes in Norway and (2) the temporal development of tourism types among regions.

Methods
Using three regions as case studies, with 62 municipalities, we analyzed (1) the temporal dynamics of grassland and livestock using agricultural census data from 1918 to 1999 and (2) two tourism types. Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA were used to examine whether the relative changes in grassland areas and livestock units, respectively, differed significantly among regions. A PCA was conducted to explore relationships between grassland and livestock types. The proportions of tourist categories were compared.

Results
The grassland area and thematic resolution of census data declined over time. Grassland areas correlated with domestic livestock units. Multivariate analysis explained 68% of the variation in grassland and livestock types among municipalities. There was a notable increase in the number of tourists, with summer tourism dominating where the cultural landscape was well conserved.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the importance of integrating regional historical trajectories for the conservation and use of valuable cultural landscapes, thereby providing sustainable transitions that combine traditional livelihoods and new types as tourism. Additional in-depth studies are needed to understand the detailed drivers of these changes.
Exploring decision-making: experimental observations on project selection and the impact of justification pressure
Authors: Lukas Christian , Neubert Max-Frederik , Schöndube Jens Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this experimental investigation, we explore the impact of justification on project choices. Introducing a novel element, we implement asymmetric payoff schemes commonly employed in business, signifying distinct payoff distributions for the firm (principal) and the manager (agent). The agent has to choose one project from two options that differ in their risk-return profiles. The outcomes of our experiment substantiate our hypothesis, indicating that a mandate for justification decreases the probability of agents selecting the project with higher risk and return. The degree of this reduction appears to hinge on the nature of justification. Increased profit shares for the agent or a project recommendation from the principal can partially counterbalance the distortion in the project choice.
Clinical and imaging manifestations of intracerebral hemorrhage in brain tumors and metastatic lesions: a comprehensive overview
Authors: Eminovic Semil , Orth Tobias , Dell’Orco Andrea , Baumgärtner Lukas , Morotti Andrea , Wasilewski David , Guelen Melisa S. , Scheel Michael , Penzkofer Tobias , Nawabi Jawed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This observational study aims to provide a detailed clinical and imaging characterization/workup of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to either an underlying metastasis (mICH) or brain tumor (tICH) lesion.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, single-center study, evaluating patients presenting with occult ICH on initial CT imaging, classified as tICH or mICH on follow-up MRI imaging according to the H-Atomic classification. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were reviewed.

Results
We included 116 patients (tICH: 20/116, 17.24%; mICH: 96/116, 82.76%). The most common malignancies causing ICH were lung cancer (27.59%), malignant melanoma (18.10%) and glioblastoma (10.34%). The three most common stroke-like symptoms observed were focal deficit (62/116, 53.45%), dizziness (42/116, 36.21%) and cognitive impairment (27/116, 23.28%). Highest mICH prevalence was seen in the occipital lobe (mICH: 28.13%, tICH: 0.00%; p = 0.004) with tICH more in the corpus callosum (tICH: 10.00%, mICH: 0.00%; p = 0.029). Anticoagulation therapy was only frequent in mICH patients (tICH: 0.00%, mICH: 5.21%; p = 0.586). Hemorrhage (tICH: 12682 mm3, mICH: 5708 mm3, p = 0.020) and edema volumes (tICH: 49389 mm3, mICH: 20972 mm3, p = 0.035) were significantly larger within tICH patients.

Conclusion
More than half of the patients with neoplastic ICH exhibited stroke-like symptoms. Lung cancer was most common in mICH, glioblastoma in tICH. While clinical presentations were similar, significant differences in tumor location and treatments were discernible.
Finding Efficient Graph Embeddings and Processing them by a CNN-based Tool
Authors: Tiba Attila , Hajdu Andras , Giraszi Tamas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe introduce new tools to support finding efficient graph embedding techniques for graph databases and to process their outputs using deep learning for classification scenarios. Accordingly, we investigate the possibility of creating an ensemble of different graph embedding methods to raise accuracy and present an interconnected neural network-based ensemble to increase the efficiency of the member classification algorithms. We also introduce a new convolutional neural network-based architecture that can be generally proposed to process vectorized graph data provided by various graph embedding methods and compare it with other architectures in the literature to show the competitiveness of our approach. We also exhibit a statistical-based inhomogeneity level estimation procedure to select the optimal embedding for a given graph database efficiently. The efficiency of our framework is exhaustively tested using several publicly available graph datasets and numerous state-of-the-art graph embedding techniques. Our experimental results for classification tasks have proved the competitiveness of our approach by outperforming the state-of-the-art frameworks.
A forgotten distinction in value theory
Authors: Rodriguez Facundo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe debate on final value has been so far understood as a debate over what sort of properties final value depends on. The debate’s reliance on mere dependence has, I argue, made it very difficult for conditionalists to put forward a coherent positive alternative to intrinsicalism. Talk of dependence is too coarse-grained and fails to distinguish between different ways in which value can metaphysically depend on other properties of the value bearer. To remedy this, I propose that we bring back a ‘forgotten’ distinction between two ways in which value can depend on other properties. We should distinguish those properties in virtue of which a value is had—the grounds of the value—from those on condition of which it is had—which following Dancy I call the enablers of the value. With this distinction in hand, I offer a clear re-statement of the two main conditionalist accounts of final value: non-instrumentalism and non-derivatism. When understood not as making claims about the properties on which final value depends but rather as making more specific ones about the properties that ground final value, these accounts are perfectly coherent.
Narratives of Personal Health and Sexual Education Experiences of Emerging Adults with Disabilities
Authors: Toman Madelyn , Wesche Rose , Shivers Carolyn M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisabled communities’ sexualities have been historically oppressed. Currently in the U.S., public school curricula do not include inclusive sexual education and students with disabilities are often left out of classrooms that discuss any amount of personal health and sexual education (PHSE). Research on the disabled population is filled with samples of non-disabled individuals imposing their opinions on a population that they do not belong to. The purpose of this study was to capture lived experiences of ways emerging adults with disabilities learned about PHSE. Individuals with varied disabilities were intentionally included to add breadth to the research field. The final sample consisted of eight individuals (75% female, 87% White, mean age of 21.5). After conducting narrative interviews and analyses, four story types were generated: (1) “The Self-Guided Journey”, (2) “Experience is the Best Teacher”, (3) “Personal Health Matters More”, and (4) “Two Ears, One Mouth”. Our findings highlighted the lack of formal support and access to adequate, relevant information about sexuality for disabled communities. Informal sources, like families and media, sometimes served as helpful resources for PHSE and disabilities. Individuals’ disability symptoms and personal characteristics need to be considered when crafting universally applicable personal health and sexuality education.
Orientable sequences over non-binary alphabets
Authors: Alhakim Abbas , Mitchell Chris J. , Szmidt Janusz , Wild Peter R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We describe new, simple, recursive methods of construction for orientable sequences over an arbitrary finite alphabet, i.e. periodic sequences in which any sub-sequence of n consecutive elements occurs at most once in a period in either direction. In particular we establish how two variants of a generalised Lempel homomorphism can be used to recursively construct such sequences, generalising previous work on the binary case. We also derive an upper bound on the period of an orientable sequence.