bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm, Clinics, and Parenthood
Authors: Brandt Reuven 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article I examine a recent approach to regulating assisted reproduction, whereby use of some kind of medical intervention ‘triggers’ laws governing legal parenthood that are more favourable to intending parents and sperm providers. I argue that although perhaps an improvement on the previous legal framework, these laws are problematic for three important reasons. First, they are prone to violating parental rights and unjustly imposing substantial burdens on individuals. Second, they are discriminatory. Third, even if we take a pragmatic approach to the question of parenthood in these cases, these laws fail to properly consider the welfare interests of children. Finally, I conclude by showing that my argument does not entail adopting a laissez‐fair attitude to conception using third‐party sperm.
Cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G quotient is predictive of unresponsiveness to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy for acute exacerbation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Okada Kazumasa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOji et al. have reported that a high quotient of cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G might predict unresponsiveness to intravenous methylprednisolone and indicate the need for early introduction of plasmapheresis. The usefulness and problems regarding the quotient of cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G in clinical practice is discussed.
Role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival
Authors: Yin Jiuheng , Sheng Baifa , Qiu Yuan , Yang Kunqiu , Xiao Weidong , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important nuclear transcription factor that is best known for mediating toxic responses by adjusting numbers of metabolism‐related enzymes, including CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Previous findings have revealed that, in addition to negatively regulating cell proliferation and survival, AhR may also positively regulate these pathways. Here, we review these findings and summarize distinct mechanisms by which AhR promotes cell proliferation and survival, including modulation of receptor expression, growth factor signalling and apoptosis, regulating the cell cycle and promoting cytokine expression. This review will aid better understanding the role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival.
PTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy promotes proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Du Lingqian , Feng Ruijuan , Ge Shaohua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesStromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) plays an important role in tissue regeneration in various tissues including the periodontium. A potential limitation for its use derives from its sensitivity to cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduces enzymatic activity of DPP‐IV and is suggested to be a promising agent for periodontal tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into how SDF‐1α and intermittent PTH treatment might affect proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro.Materials and methodsPDLSCs were isolated by the limiting dilution method. Surface markers were quantified by flow cytometry. Cell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8), cell migration assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and RT‐PCR were used to determine viability, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.ResultsPDLSCs were positive for CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and STRO‐1 and negative for CD14, CD34 and CD45. PTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy significantly promoted cell proliferation, chemotactic capability, ALP activity and mineral deposition (P<.05). Gene expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) were all up‐regulated (P<.05).ConclusionsPTH/SDF‐1α cotherapy promoted proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. Cotherapy seemed to have potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration by facilitating chemotaxis of PDLSCs to the injured site, followed by promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of these cells.
Understanding the role of the modality principle in multimedia learning environments
Authors: Oberfoell A. , Correia A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe modality principle states that low‐experience learners more successfully understand information that uses narration rather than on‐screen text. This is due to the idea that on‐screen text may produce a cognitive overload if it is accompanied by other visual elements. Other studies provided additional data and support for the modality principle in multimedia learning environments. However, some recent studies began to show the modality principle's impact had certain parameters, and it was impacting various groups, conditions and environments differently. This study replicated Mayer and Moreno's studies on the modality principle (1998; 2006). Seventy‐nine college students attending a Midwestern University in the USA participated in this study in 2015.The results of the study showed that the modality principle was not an effective strategy for the group of low‐experience content users. The results showed the retention and transfer of knowledge was not as effective for students who viewed the narrated PowerPoint presentation. In fact, students who viewed the PowerPoint presentation that only included the on‐screen text, had more effective retention and transfer of knowledge.Lay descriptionWhat is currently known about the modality principle:

Learners are more successful with understanding information that uses narration than on‐screen text specifically low‐experience learners.
This is due to the idea that on‐screen text may produce a cognitive overload if it is accompanied by other visual elements.
What this study adds to this subject matter:

Carefully replicated Mayer and Moreno's studies on the modality principle with the intent to verify if the modality principle held with digital‐aged students.
Data collection took place in the participants' actual classroom (natural setting) in opposition to a lab‐like setting.
Implications of study findings for practitioners:

Results counter the original study's findings specifically for low‐experience learners, meaning on‐screen text was more effective for transfer and retention of knowledge when compared with printed text and narration.
When designing multimedia learning, instructional designers need to consider other elements (e.?g., presentation speed and learning times) that may be causing a change in the modality effect.
Challenging graduate nurses' transition: Care of the deteriorating patient
Authors: Della Ratta Carol 
Published: August 2016

Aim and objectiveTo explore graduate nurses' experiences of caring for deteriorating patients during the first year of practice.BackgroundHospital‐based transition programmes have been established to ease graduate nurse transition. Despite this, novice nurses persistently cite caring for deteriorating patients as a clinical challenge. Few studies have explored the unique needs of novice nurses during such encounters, even less research has been undertaken from their perspective.DesignQualitative interpretive phenomenological analysis.MethodOne‐on‐one, semi‐structured, in‐depth, audio‐recorded interviews were conducted between July–November 2014. A purposive sample of eight novice nurses working in acute care, ICU and the ED was recruited through the use of flyers.ResultsThree major patterns with related themes illuminate the experience of caring for deteriorating patients as it is lived by graduate nurses. Dwelling with uncertainty occurred during initial encounters with deteriorating patients with its deeply felt impact upon these novices causing them to question their capability of becoming a nurse. ‘Success’ or ‘failure’ of their performance during these encounters extended to their view of themselves as nurses and impacted transition. Building me up was influenced by participants’ expressed need for and importance of trusted relationships with preceptors, nurse colleagues and/or educators as they learned to care for deteriorating patients. A new lifeline: Salient being emerged as change in participants’ identity and increased self‐understanding as professional nurses.ConclusionCaring for deteriorating patients impacted graduate nurses because they viewed such encounters to be ‘high stakes’ not only for their patient but also for themselves. Crucial to their development were trusted relationships with preceptors, nurse colleagues and/or educators.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings identify needs of graduate nurses' during a high‐stakes patient encounter and shed light upon one aspect of transition. Clinical leaders may use the findings from this study to improve preceptor development and transition programme curricula.
Effects of NSAIDs on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells
Authors: Hadjicharalambous Chrystalleni , Alexaki Vasileia Ismini , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Chatzinikolaidou Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies, have been associated with impaired bone healing, possibly through inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. The adipose tissue (AT) is regarded as an attractive source of stromal cells for autologous cell transplantation in the bone. The effects of NSAIDs on human AT-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) are unknown.

Methods
We examined the effect of several NSAIDs including meloxicam, parecoxib, lornoxicam, diclofenac and paracetamol on the proliferation of hADSCs by means of the PrestoBlue® viability assay, and the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs by means of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red staining and osteogenic gene expression by semi-quantitative PCR.

Key findings
Most of the drugs enhanced hADSC cell growth, while either positively affecting or not influencing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression. Moreover, selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs, such as meloxicam or parecoxib, were advantageous over the non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs lornoxicam and diclofenac.

Conclusions
Altogether through this study, we show that NSAIDs, possibly depending on their selectivity for COX inhibition, leave the osteogenic differentiation capacity of hADSCs unaltered or might even enhance it.
Protein intake for athletes and active adults: Current concepts and controversies
Authors: Egan B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe demands of physical exertion mean that protein requirements for athletes and active adults are now accepted as being greater than sedentary populations and those described by population reference intakes of ~0.8 g protein per kg of body mass per day (g/kg/day). Recent scholarly reviews and the latest guidelines for nutrition and athletic performance from the American College of Sports Medicine suggest intakes ranging from 1.2‐2.0 g/kg/day whether performing aerobic or resistance exercise, with the higher range of intakes appropriate for the latter. Specific situations of hypoenergetic diet or injury likely require greater protein intakes in order to preserve lean body mass (LBM), which is often paramount in athletes. The optimal dose of protein per meal is 0.25–0.40 g/kg when aiming to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis, a marker of repair, growth and adaptation, but multifactorial interactions between protein source, meal timing and pattern of distribution, and macronutrient co‐ingestion around exercise influence recommendations on a meal‐by‐meal basis. Longer term studies are required to confirm the efficacy of these recommendations, which are primarily inferred from data from acute (<24 hours) studies. Notwithstanding the positive effects on LBM of higher protein intakes combined with exercise, it would be remiss not to consider potential adverse effects of long‐term high‐protein intakes, although these concerns are rather preliminary at present. Therefore, within the broad framework of recommended ranges and being cognisant of overall energy and other macronutrient intakes, a personalised and periodised approach to nutrition is required depending on an individual's sport, training volume, phase and goals.
Measuring multi‐level regulatory governance: Organizational proliferation, coordination, and concentration of influence
Authors: Mathieu Emmanuelle , Verhoest Koen , Matthys Joery 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs regulation increasingly results from the interplay of a wide array of different actors operating at different levels, it has become crucial to focus on how these constellations of regulatory actors operate. Although this research field presents huge potential for theoretical development, we still lack the measurement techniques to allow systematic comparative research. We contribute to filling this gap with four indices measuring crucial characteristics of multi‐actor regulatory arrangements: (i) the scope of organizational proliferation; (ii) the extent of coordination between regulatory actors; (iii) the amount of influence that each individual regulatory actor has on the sector regulation; and (iv) the extent to which the regulatory influence is concentrated in the hands of one or a few actors. We argue that our indices are sufficiently systematic, reliable, and flexible to be applied in a variety of research contexts relating to multi‐level and multi‐actor regulatory governance.
Isolated prehospital hypotension correlates with injury severity and outcomes in patients with trauma
Authors: Damme Clayton D , Luo Jiangtao , Buesing Keely L 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivePatients normotensive in the trauma bay despite documented prehospital hypotension may not be recognized as significantly injured. The purpose of this study was to determine whether isolated prehospital hypotension portends poor outcomes and correlates with injury severity.MethodsProspective cohort study conducted at a level 1 university trauma center. The lowest recorded prehospital systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the first recorded SBP on hospital arrival were used to divide patients into either the normotensive (NP) or hypotensive (HP) group. Patients who failed to achieve normotension on hospital arrival were excluded. Hypotension was defined as SBP≤110 mmHg.ResultsCompared to NP (n=206), HP (n=81) had lower Glasgow Coma Scores both prehospital (12.81±0.44 vs 14.38±0.13) and at hospital admission (12.78±0.47 vs 14.37±0.14). Injury Severity Score positively correlated with prehospital hypotension (HP 12.27±1.12 vs NP 9.22±0.49). Prehospital hypotension positively correlated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (HP 56.79% vs NP 22.82%), ICU length of stay (LOS) (HP 3.23±0.71 vs NP 0.71±0.17), hospital LOS (HP 8.58±1.39 vs NP 4.86±0.33), ventilator days (HP 3.38±1.20 vs NP 0.27±0.08 days), and repeat hypotensive episodes during their hospital stay (HP 81.71% vs NP 38.16%). HP also required more packed red blood cells in the first 24 hours after admission (22% vs 6%). Significance was set at p<0.05.ConclusionsIsolated prehospital hypotension in patients in the trauma and emergency department correlates with increased injury severity and portends worse outcomes despite a normal blood pressure reading at admission. Prehospital hypotension must be given heavy consideration in triage, as these patients may be transiently hypotensive and appear less critical than their true status.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Prognostic study.
Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis and the Value of Scale
Authors: Marcus Sharon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Through a reading of Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis, which readers inside and outside the academy have valued for decades, this essay teases out how literary critical value is often aligned with scale: big claims, minutely close readings, and the ability to move gracefully between them. The essay also identifies and discusses four techniques basic to literary criticism: description, interpretation, explanation, and evaluation. A coda speculates about the links between Mimesis and a visual technology introduced into university lecturing a few decades before Auerbach wrote his magnum opus: the slide projector.
Protein domain architectures provide a fast, efficient and scalable alternative to sequence-based methods for comparative functional genomics
Authors: Koehorst Jasper J. , Saccenti Edoardo , Schaap Peter J. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. , Suarez-Diez Maria 
Published: August 2016

A functional comparative genome analysis is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying bacterial evolution and adaptation. Detection of functional orthologs using standard global sequence similarity methods faces several problems; the need for defining arbitrary acceptance thresholds for similarity and alignment length, lateral gene acquisition and the high computational cost for finding bi-directional best matches at a large scale. We investigated the use of protein domain architectures for large scale functional comparative analysis as an alternative method. The performance of both approaches was assessed through functional comparison of 446 bacterial genomes sampled at different taxonomic levels. We show that protein domain architectures provide a fast and efficient alternative to methods based on sequence similarity to identify groups of functionally equivalent proteins within and across taxonomic bounderies. As the computational cost scales linearly, and not quadratically with the number of genomes, it is suitable for large scale comparative analysis. Running both methods in parallel pinpoints potential functional adaptations that may add to bacterial fitness.
MOVIMENTO FEMINISTA NO BRASIL E AMÉRICA LATINA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO E MULHERES
Authors: Castro Amanda Motta , Machado Rita De Cassia Fraga 
Published: August 2016

Não temos dúvida de que a caminhada feminista é difícil, lenta e estreita. Contudo também não temos dúvida que as mulheres caminharam e mudaram o destino já traçado para nós pela sociedade patriarcal. Para Ivone Gebara (2000), trata-se de uma caminhada utópica na direção de buscar politizar o privado e para que as mulheres avancem. Este texto busca principalmente fazer uma introdução à história do Movimento Feminista e resgatar o contexto de algumas mulheres, entre tantas outras, que somaram as conquistas das mulheres na América Latina e no Brasil e que, devido à sociedade patriarcal em que vivemos, encontram-se totalmente invisibilizadas e sem o lugar de destaque que merecem. Este texto é escrito com base em três conceitos importantes para os Estudos Feministas: Resistência, Gênero e Patriarcado.
Adult learners’ acquisitional patterns in L2 pragmatics: What do we know?
Authors: Timpe-Laughlin Veronika 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLanguage pedagogy designers are faced with the challenge of engineering learning experiences that are in harmony with how second and foreign languages (L2s) are developed. In the field of L2 pragmatics learning and teaching, this challenge has sparked a considerable amount of research on instructional methods, facilitative interventions, and input enhancements. To a lesser degree, researchers have also investigated L2 pragmatic learning progressions that might inform L2 instruction. This review paper canvasses empirical research into the acquisitional sequences of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) in adult L2 learners conducted after 2002, the year in which Kasper and Rose’s seminal book,Pragmatic Development in a Second Language, was published. The paper synthesizes the findings of 16 systematically identified empirical studies. Based on this synthesis of findings, new insights and tendencies in L2 pragmatic development are discussed, and areas in need of further research are identified.
Factor VIIa-antithrombin complex: a possible new biomarker for activated coagulation
Authors: Spiezia Luca , Campello Elena , Valle Fabio Dalla , Woodhams Barry , Simioni Paolo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway occurs after endothelial injury when the tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane protein located outside the vasculature, binds factor VII (FVII) or activated FVII (FVIIa). Once formed, the TF-VIIa complex activates both factor IX and X and initiates the coagulation process. The TF-VIIa complex is inhibited by both TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and antithrombin (AT). The interaction between TF-VIIa and AT induces FVIIa-AT complex formation, which is released into the plasma. Because AT reacts with FVIIa only when it is bound to TF, the circulating levels of FVIIa-AT reflect the degree of exposure of TF to blood. Preliminary clinical studies have shown higher plasma levels of FVIIa-AT complex both in patients with a prior arterial or venous thrombotic event. Increased plasma levels of FVIIa-AT have also been reported in a number of other prothrombotic conditions – antiphospholipid antibodies, solid and hematological malignancies, pre-eclampsia (PE), obesity and cardiac surgery. However, most of the studies published so far are retrospective and with a limited sample size. Larger prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the prognostic role of this possible new biomarker for activated coagulation.
Viscous Dissipation Effects in Water Driven Carbon Nanotubes along a Stream Wise and Cross Flow Direction
Authors: Ul Haq Rizwan , Khan Z. H. , Khan W. A. , Shah Inayat Ali 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Important physical models involving boundary layer occur in almost all internal and external aerodynamic formations. For many of these, the flow outside the boundary layer region may be determined into a large principal component and a small crosswise velocity. In this article, three-dimensional boundary-layer flow over a curved surface is treated for nanofluid under such a simplification. Based on strong thermal conductivity we have considered two same kinds but different shaped nanoparticle namely: Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) and Multiple Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) which are incorporated within the base fluid water. Mathematical model is constructed under the constraint of defined geometry and then transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved numerically with the help of Runge Kutta (R-K) method with shooting technique. Influences of each physical parameter on velocity and temperature distribution are described through graphs. To analyze the drag and heat transfer at the surface we have plotted the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number. Flow behavior along the stream wise and cross direction is visualized through stream lines. It is found that viscous dissipation has same increasing effects along both x- and z-directions for temperature profile however, SWCNTs have comparatively higher skin friction and heat transfer rate at the surface as compare to the MWNTs.