bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls in the residential independent care sector—ambiguity in guidelines and policies for healthcare assistants
Authors: Stonehouse David , Scott-Thomas Jeanette , Graham Yitka , Ling Jonathan , Barrigan Marie , Hayes Catherine 
Published: September 2017

The need for healthcare assistants (HCAs) to have clear policies and guidelines in relation to when falls occur in domiciliary care settings is paramount. If first-line responses are to be appropriately tailored to patient need and discernment is to be used in determining the necessity for intervention by emergency care workers such as paramedics, then standardised frameworks and policies ought to be clearly apparent across care sectors. Our work focused on the first-line response to patient falls in the independent care sector in a specific geographical region of north-east England. This article provides an insight into what our original findings revealed and how they might be used as a source of reflection for HCAs working in the residential independent care sector. Using a basic questionnaire, we surveyed 24 (75%) of the 32 independent care sector homes in South Tyneside to establish how policies and guidelines in these organisations were understood by staff. Our findings highlight a diverse array of responses to falls in care home settings. While 96% of homes claimed to have a specific policy on falls, only 80% of them included an assessment of possible injury or harm to residents and 13% included no direct guidance for care staff in instances where residents fell and were still on the floor. Even in instances where policies did include direct guidance, there was great variation in available information for staff, especially between domiciliary and care home settings. Most commonly, staff were advised to call an emergency ambulance, even in the absence of injury, if patients were found on the floor. HCAs are working in contexts where there is apparently a high degree of ambiguity around the assessment of injuries sustained as a consequence of falls, particularly where potentially non-visible injuries occur, which are not immediately recognisable or symptomatic. There was also overlap between accident and falls policies, which added a further level of ambiguity to the most appropriate and immediate actions for HCAs to take.
Review - bioactive glass implants for potential application in structural bone repair
Authors: Rahaman Mohamed N. , Xiao Wei , Huang Wenhai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBioactive glass particles andweak scaffolds have been used to heal small contained bone defects but an unmet challenge is the development of bioactive glass implants with the requisite mechanical reliability and in vivo performance to heal structural bone defects. Inadequate mechanical strength and a brittle mechanical response have been key concerns in the use of bioactive glass scaffolds in structural bone repair. Recent research has shown the capacity to create strong porous bioactive glass scaffolds and the ability of these scaffolds to heal segmental bone defects in small and large rodents at a rate comparable to autogenous bone grafts. Loading these strong porous scaffolds with bone morphogenetic protein-2 can significantly enhance their ability to regenerate bone. Recentwork has also shown that coating the external surface of strong porous scaffolds with an adherent biodegradable polymer can dramatically improve their load-bearing capacity in flexural loading and their work of fracture (a measure of toughness). These tough and strong bioactive glass-polymer composites with an internal architecture conducive to bone infiltration could provide optimal synthetic implants for structural bone repair.
Contactless in ovo sex determination of chicken eggs
Authors: Galli Roberta , Koch Edmund , Preusse Grit , Schnabel Christian , Bartels Thomas , Krautwald-Junghanns Maria-Elisabeth , Steiner Gerald 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We resume the research for contactless in ovo sex determination of the domestic chicken, which has the final aim to provide an alternative to day-old cockerels culling in the layer industry. In ovo Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy of blood of eggs incubated until day 3.5 enables correct sexing rates over 90% barely affecting the hatching rate. Full automatization of the processes to guarantee high sexing speed and fulfill industrial demands is required to allow transferring the technology inside the hatcheries in the next future.
Middle ear reconstruction with a flexible prosthesis
Authors: Stoppe Thomas , Bornitz Matthias , Lasurashvili Nikoloz , Sauer Kirsten , Zahnert Thomas , Beleites Thomas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The middle ear plays a crucial role in the quality of hearing. This complex construct performs different tasks like the protection against large air pressure input, the transmission of sound and its adaption to the inner ear impedance. Traumas, erosion by chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma, as well as other degenerative or damaging diseases, are reasons for a necessary reconstruction of specific middle ear structures. The reconstruction of the ossicular chain is very often performed by using rigid ossicular replacement prostheses made out of titanium, ceramics or bone. Tilting and dislocation of these passive implants are some of the known complications after middle ear surgery. They are related to loads at the implant coupling points in response to a tension change in the middle ear. The healing process, scar tension and ventilation problems are possible causes.
To increase the sound transmission quality of total reconstructions and safety in case of pressure dependent movement of the tympanic membrane, a novel flexible total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) with a silicone coated ball joint prototype was developed and investigated. Besides measurements of first middle ear transfer functions of temporal bones, the mechanical properties of the flexible TORP were examined with stress relaxation investigations.
The novel silicone coated ball and socket joint TORP provides a sound transfer equivalent to the intact human middle ear at normal pressure and negative pressure in the middle ear. Together with the low stiffness values at an anatomically typical deflection of about 500 μm the prevention of a stiffening of the stapes annular ligament could be approved. Thus, improved acoustic transmission quality and reconstruction stability in comparison to common rigid titanium TORP could be determined. Nevertheless, further design improvements should be accomplished. The demonstrated flexible TORP can solve some common problems in middle ear reconstruction.
Biosignal-guided personalized therapy
Authors: von Stülpnagel Lukas , Wolf Bernhard , Bauer Axel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading single cause of death in the industrialized world. Current guidelines recommend a prophylactic implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in patients with reduced left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 35%). However, most deaths after myocardial infarction (MI) occur in patients with normal or moderately reduced LVEF (>35%). There is a large body of evidence that cardiac autonomic dysfunction after MI is linked to increased susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Deceleration capacity of heart rate (DC) and periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) are novel ECG-based risk markers, which capture different facets of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Both parameters are strong and independent predictors of mortality and SCD after MI. Previous studies indicated that combined assessment of DC and PRD allows identification of a new high-risk group among post-infarction patients that is not addressed by current guidelines, thus opening new perspectives for biosignal-guided personalized therapies.
EOG feature relevance determination for microsleep detection
Authors: Golz Martin , Wollner Sebastian , Sommer David , Schnieder Sebastian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Automatic relevance determination (ARD) was applied to two-channel EOG recordings for microsleep event (MSE) recognition. 10 s immediately before MSE and also before counterexamples of fatigued, but attentive driving were analysed. Two type of signal features were extracted: the maximum cross correlation (MaxCC) and logarithmic power spectral densities (PSD) averaged in spectral bands of 0.5 Hz width ranging between 0 and 8 Hz. Generalised learn-ing vector quantisation (GRLVQ) was used as ARD method to show the potential of feature reduction. This is compared to support-vector machines (SVM), in which the feature reduction plays a much smaller role. Cross validation yielded mean normalised relevancies of PSD features in the range of 1.6 – 4.9 % and 1.9 – 10.4 % for horizontal and vertical EOG, respectively. MaxCC relevancies were 0.002 – 0.006 % and 0.002 – 0.06 %, respectively. This shows that PSD features of vertical EOG are indispensable, whereas MaxCC can be neglected. Mean classification accuracies were estimated at 86.6±b 1.3 % and 92.3±b 0.2 % for GRLVQ and SVM, respectively. GRLVQ permits objective feature reduction by inclusion of all processing stages, but is not as accurate as SVM.
Usability and accuracy of high-resolution detectors for daily quality assurance for robotic radiosurgery
Authors: Loutfi-Krauss Britta , Damme Marie-Christin , Stelljes Tenzin Sonam , Chan Mark KH , Siebert Frank-Andre , Poppe Björn , Ramm Ulla , Blanck Oliver 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
For daily CyberKnife QA a Winston-Lutz-Test (Automated-Quality-Assurance, AQA) is used to determine sub-millimeter deviations in beam delivery accuracy. This test is performed using gafchromic film, an extensive and user-dependent method requiring the use of disposables. We therefore analyzed the usability and accuracy of high-resolution detector arrays. We analyzed a liquid-filled ionization-chamber array (Octavius 1000SRS, PTW, Germany), which has a central resolution of 2.5mm. To test sufficient sensitivity, beam profiles with robot shifts of 0.1mm along the arrays' axes were measured. The detected deviation between the shifted and central profile were compared to the real robot's position. We then compared the results to the SRS-Profiler (SunNuclear, USA) with 4.0mm resolution and to the Nonius (QUART, Germany), a single-line diode detector with 2.8mm resolution. Finally, AQA variance and usability were analyzed performing a number of AQA tests over time, which required the use of specially designed fixtures for each array, and the results were compared to film. Concerning sensitivity, the 1000SRS detected the beam profile shifts with a maximum difference of 0.11mm (mean deviation = 0.03mm) compared to the actual robot shift. The Nonius and SRS-Profiler showed differences of up to 0.15mm and 0.69mm with mean deviation of 0.05mm and 0.18mm, respectively. Analyzing the variation of AQA results over time, the 1000SRS showed a comparable standard deviation to film (0.26mm vs. 0.18mm). The SRS-Profiler and the Nonius showed a standard deviation of 0.16mm and 0.24mm, respectively. The 1000SRS seems to provide equivalent accuracy and sensitivity to the gold standard film when performing daily AQA tests. Compared to other detectors in our study the sensitivity as well as the accuracy of the 1000SRS appears to be superior and more user-friendly. Furthermore, no significant modification of the standard AQA procedure is required when introducing 1000SRS for CyberKnife AQA.
Model based prediction of plateau pressure in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Kretschmer Jörn , Patel Aakash , Docherty Paul D. , Laufer Bernhard , Möller Knut 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The risk of ventilator induced lung injury in mechanically ventilated (MV) critically ill patients can be mitigated by patient-specific optimisation of ventilator settings. Recent studies have shown that driving pressure, i.e. the difference between plateau pressure (Pplat
) and PEEP, is a strong indicator for survival in MV patients suffering from ARDS. However, to measure Pplat
, an extended end-inspiratory pause (EIP) has to be applied, possibly interrupting ventilation therapy. This study presents a method for predicting Pplat
from normal breaths in MV patients.
A total of 859 MV breaths with a 5 second EIP were recorded in 27 MV patients with ARDS. Two methods for determining Pplat
were tested, one using an exponential fit of the pressure data and the other using a four-parameter viscoelastic model (VEM). Each method was identified using various lengths of data after the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). Using the identified parameters, both methods were then used to predict the Pplat
recorded at 5 seconds.
The exponential method showed a median coefficient of variation (CV) from the real Pplat
of 42.9% using data from PIP to 0.5 seconds after PIP, 24.9% using 1 second of data and 15.2% using 1.5 seconds of data. The respective VEM prediction median CVs were of 17.2%, 9.7% and 8.4%. Therefore, the VEM showed a better prediction than the non-physiological exponential model, allowing it to be used to reduce the clinical burden of determining Pplat
by reducing the required length of the EIP to 1.5 seconds.
Model predictive control approach for a CPAP-device
Authors: Scheel Mathias , Berndt Andreas , Simanski Olaf 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by a collapse of the upper respiratory tract, resulting in a reduction of the blood oxygen- and an increase of the carbon dioxide (CO2
) - concentration, which causes repeated sleep disruptions. The gold standard to treat the OSAS is the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The continuous pressure keeps the upper airway open and prevents the collapse of the upper respiratory tract and the pharynx. Most of the available CPAP-devices cannot maintain the pressure reference [1]. In this work a model predictive control approach is provided. This control approach has the possibility to include the patient’s breathing effort into the calculation of the control variable. Therefore a patient-individualized control strategy can be developed.
Numerical investigation of the impact of branching vessel boundary conditions on aortic hemodynamics
Authors: Yevtushenko Pavlo , Hellmeier Florian , Bruening Jan , Kuehne Titus , Goubergrits Leonid 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
CFD has gained significant attention as a tool to model aortic hemodynamics. However, obtaining accurate patient-specific boundary conditions still poses a major challenge and represents a major source of uncertainties, which are difficult to quantify. This study presents an attempt to quantify these uncertainties by comparing 14 patient-specific simulations of the aorta (reference method), each exhibiting stenosis, against simulations using the same geometries without the branching vessels of the aortic arch (simplified method).
Results were evaluated by comparing pressure drop along the aorta, secondary flow degree (SFD) and surface-averaged wall shear stress (WSS) for each patient. The comparison shows little difference in pressure drop between the two methods (simplified-reference) with the mean difference being 1.2 mmHg (standard deviation: 3.0 mmHg). SFD and WSS, however, show striking differences between the methods: SFD downstream of the stenosis is on average 61 % higher in the simplified cases, while WSS is on average 3.0 Pa lower in the simplified cases.
Although unphysiological, the comparison of both methods gives an upper bound for the error introduced by uncertainties in branching vessel boundary conditions. For the pressure drop this error appears to be remarkably low, while being unacceptably high for SFD and WSS.
Design of a body energy harvesting system for the upper extremity
Authors: Brunner Stephan , Gerst Maximilian , Pylatiuk Christian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Converting energy from human upper limb motions into electrical energy is a challenge, as low frequency movements have to be converted into repetitive movements to effectively drive electromechanical generators. The prototype of an electromagnetic linear generator with gyrating mass is presented. The mechanical motion model first was simulated and the design was evaluated during different activities. An average power output of about 50 μW was determined with a maximum power output of 2.2 mW that is sufficient to operate sensors for health monitoring.
Evaluation of a new hybrid VMAT simultaneous integrated boost technique for breast radiotherapy
Authors: Vaegler Sven , Scheibner Michael , Hartwig Christoph , Jonas Jeannette , Adler Frank , Ranft Dörthe , Otto Stephan , Wurster Stefan , Breitsprecher Regine 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this survey we propose a new hybrid simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) delivery method for breast radiotherapy that was implemented in our department of Radiation Oncology. This technique encompasses non-modulated tangential fields as well as VMAT-arcs and combines the robustness and the dose confinement properties of tangential opposed fields with the benefits of a complex VMAT-technique. The results of the dosimetric evaluation indicate that the proposed technique enables a balanced mix between dose coverage, homogeneity and conformity versus the exposure of the organs-at-risks. More precisely, the proposed technique is on par with other recently published SIB techniques for breast radiotherapy.
Labbag® - a versatile bag-based cultivation system for expansion, differentiation and cryopreservation of human stem cells
Authors: Gepp Michael M. , Duckstein Rowena , Kayatz Fabian , Rodler Norbert , Scheuerer Zuzana , Neubauer Julia C. , Lachmann Kristina , Stramm Cornelia , Liebmann Andrea , Thomas Michael , Zimmermann Heiko 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Novel approaches in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are highly promoted by human induced pluripotent stem cells. Typical workflows include the expansion, differentiation and/or cryopreservation of these cells. Often, the differentiation, cytotoxicity tests or disease modelling rely on multicellular aggregates. Here, we present the novel bag-based system “Labbag®” to address workflows required for these applications. As a unique feature, the Labbag® provides a chemical spot pattern to allow the formation of several hundreds of hanging droplets within a few seconds with standard laboratory equipment. In this study, we describe the general concept of the Labbag® and show aggregate formation of stem cells as first stem cell workflow successfully transferred.
Methodological aspects of analyzing high resolved brain connectivity for multiple subjects
Authors: Pester Britta , Schmidt Christoph , Bär Karl-Jürgen , Leistritz Lutz 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Analyzing directed interactions within brain networks of high spatial resolution is always associated with a limited interpretability due to the high amount of possible connections. Here, module detection algorithms have proven to helpfully subsume the information of the resulting networks for each proband. However, the between-subject comparison of clusters is not straightforward since identified modules are not matched to each other across different subjects. Tensor decomposition has successfully been applied for the detection of group-wide connectivity patterns. Yet, a thorough investigation of the effect of the involved analysis parameters and data properties on decomposition results has still been missing. In this study we filled this gap and found that - given appropriate parameter choices - tensor decomposition of functional connectivity data reveals meaningful, group-specific insights into the brain's information processing.
Non-invasive multi wavelengths sensorsystem for measuring carboxy-and methemoglobin
Authors: Gewiß Helge , Timm Ulrich , Kraitl Jens , Brock Beate , Ewald Hartmut 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Standard pulse oximetry only measures the functional derivatives oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) to calculate the arterial oxygenation. However, the two dysfunctional hemoglobin derivatives carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) are of much interest. The gold standard detecting abnormal concentration of COHb or MetHb is the blood gas analysis (BGA). In this paper a non-invasive method for measuring these derivatives and a setup for validation is presented.
A standard pulse oximeter utilizes a sensor with two LEDs at the wavelengths 660 nm and 905 nm. For achieving information about the other hemoglobin derivatives, the new sensor is equipped with additional wavelengths between 500 nm and 1400 nm. An artificial blood-flow-model is used to simulate the blood flow through tissue. In this model a variation of the concentrations O2Hb, MetHb and COHb is feasible. The reflection of emitted light is measured for wavelengths between 500 nm and 600 nm, whereas transmission is measured for emitted light above 600 nm. An algorithm was designed to calculate the different hemoglobin derivatives independently. Therefore, the perfusion for each wavelength is computed and combined in a linear regression model.
An in-vivo animal study with 18 pigs confirmed previous simulations. The pigs were ventilated with a respiratory minute volume of 4 l. To induce hypoxia (minimal SaO2 70 %), the inhaled air was mixed with nitrogen. Ventilating with 100 % oxygen reoxygenated the pigs. An increase of MetHb up to 35 % was induced by sodium nitrite. Afterwards methylene blue decreased the concentration. Carbon monoxide was mixed with the inhaled air to raise the COHb concentration up to 40 %. Different combinations of concentrations were performed. The references were achieved via BGA.
It is shown that this setup is capable of measuring COHb, MetHb and O2Hb non-invasively. The setup is accurate even when manipulating hemoglobin derivatives in parallel.
Alternative light therapy with luminescent textiles
Authors: Lempa Evelyn , Kitzig Andreas , Naroska Edwin , Rabe Maike , Neukirch Benno , Graßmann Carsten 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Current research shows, that light directly influences the course of the inner biological rhythm. Light synchronizes the biological clock by controlling the concentration of various hormones in the human body. A well-known example is the discharge of melatonine due to increased blue spectral parts in daylight. Light affects the quality of sleep, general performance and even the phenomenon Season Affected Disorder (SAD).
Acute drug transfer and particle release of drug coated balloons within a porcine in-vitro model
Authors: Brandt-Wunderlich Christoph , Almstädt Lucas , Kaule Sebastian , Reske Thomas , Schmidt Wolfram , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Drug coated balloons (DCB) are used in the therapy of coronary as well as peripheral artery disease. The success of drug transfer to the vessel wall depends on the excipient used in combination with paclitaxel as antiproliferative drug. Although in-vivo studies show very good results with this technology, there is a lack of in-vitro test methods for characterization of various DCB available on the market. This study describes a method to gain information about the drug transfer and the particle release of three different DCB based on cetylpyridinium salycate (Cetpyrsal), hyaluronic acid and iopromide within a porcine in-vitro model. The Cetpyrsal-based DCB showed promising results with the highest drug transfer while producing the lowest number of particles.