bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Pilot Evaluation of a Hyaluronic Acid Infraorbital Filler Using Precise, Multipositional, 3-Dimensional Imaging Quantification, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Anatomic Cadaveric Assessments
Authors: Honig Stephanie E , Toyoda Yoshiko , Ewing Jane N , Lemdani Mehdi S , Gala Zachary , Amro Chris , Wilson Alexander T , Broach Robyn B , Percec Ivona 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the high demand of filler in the infraorbital area, there remains debate on injection practices, precise anatomical placement, and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler behavior.

Objectives
We aimed to contribute to the clinical and anatomic understanding of infraorbital HA injection through a prospective patient injection study in combination with a cadaveric analysis.

Methods
Patients were injected with Volbella XC (JUVÉDERM, Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA) into the tear trough region by a single experienced aesthetic plastic surgeon. Over a 90-day period, precise undereye volumetric measurements using 3-dimensional photogrammetry (VECTRA-M3, Canfield Scientific, Inc., Fairfield, NJ) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; FACE-Q) were collected and analyzed relative to 2 pretreatment severity scales. Juvéderm Vycross (Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, Irvine, CA) and Restylane NASHA (Galderma, Lausanne, Switzerland) products were injected into the infraorbital and malar region in 6 cephalus specimens and evaluated with regards to the anatomic injection location with and without common clinical physical manipulations.

Results
Eleven patients participated with a 100% retention rate. Infraorbital HA volume maintenance was 70% to 81% at 30 days and 50% to 70% at 90 days. Significant improvement was noted in the eyes, overall facial appearance, and cheekbones (P &lt; .05) with FACE-Q outcomes, irrespective of pretreatment severity. In the cadaver examination, we observed differences in the anatomic locations occupied by Juvéderm and Restylane products as well as in behavior after physical manipulation between gel types.

Conclusions
Volbella XC effectively augments undereye volume to diminish infraorbital hollowing as measured over a 90-day period with significantly improved PROs. Enhanced knowledge of the behavior of Volbella XC and other HA fillers in this sensitive anatomic region will lead to improved patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
Detecting expressed genes in cell populations at the single-cell level with scGeneXpress
Authors: Jung Sascha , Barlier Céline , Martinez Perez Aitor , del Sol Antonio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Determining whether genes are expressed or not remains a challenge in single-cell RNAseq experiments due to their different expression spectra, which are influenced by genetics, the microenvironment and gene length. Current approaches for addressing this issue fail to provide a comprehensive landscape of expressed genes, since they neglect the inherent differences in the expression ranges and distributions of genes. Here, we present scGeneXpress, a method for detecting expressed genes in cell populations of single-cell RNAseq samples based on gene-specific reference distributions. We demonstrate that scGeneXpress accurately detects expressed cell markers and identity genes in 34 human and mouse tissues and can be employed to improve differential expression analysis of single-cell RNAseq data.
Fixed rate vs fixed injection duration in single-pass contrast-enhanced abdominal multi-detector CT: effects on vascular enhancement
Authors: Camera Luigi , D’Ambrosio Vincenzo , Pinto Lorenzo , Paludi Adriana , Liuzzi Raffaele , De Cicco Rossella , Ponsiglione Andrea , Lagnese Maria Grazia , Maurea Simone , Brunetti Arturo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effects on vascular enhancement of either a fixed rate (FR) or a fixed injection duration (FID) in single-pass (SP) contrast-enhanced abdominal multi-detector CT (CE-MDCT).

Methods
Ninety-nine (54 M; 45 F; aged 18-86 years) patients with nontraumatic acute abdomen underwent a SP CE-MDCT after i.v. injection of 1.7 cc/Kg of a nonionic iodinated contrast media (370 mgI/mL) performed with either a FR (2 cc/s; Group A) or a FID (55 s; Group B). In both groups, patients were further stratified according to total body weight (kg) as follows: 40-60 (L); 61-80 (M); 81-100 (H). Signal- (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated for the liver and for both abdominal aorta (AA) and main portal vein (MPV). Statistical analysis was performed by Student t- or Chi-square test for continuous and categorical data, respectively, whereas post hoc analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney test (P &lt; .05).

Results
There were no significant differences in demographic and physical characteristics between Group A (n = 50; 53 ± 20 years; BMI = 23.4 ± 4.4) and Group B (n = 50; 51 ± 17 years; BMI 22.7 ± 4.2). Whereas overlapping findings were observed in the M sub-groups (n = 40), SNR and CNR were significantly higher (P &lt; .01) in Group B for both AA and MPV in the high (H) weight sub-groups (n = 20) while not significant differences were observed in the low (L) weight sub-groups (n = 40) despite a significantly lower injection rate (1.6 ± 0.2 cc/s, P &lt; .01) in Group B.

Conclusion
A FID results in an overall better vascular enhancement than a FR in SP CE-MDCT.

Advances in knowledge
Single-pass is an optimized contrast-enhanced abdominal CT protocol combining the benefits of vascular and visceral enhancement and characterized by a customized scan delay tailored around a monophasic contrast injection. In single-pass protocol, a fixed injection duration (55 s) results in an overall better vascular enhancement than a fixed rate (2 cc/s) and should be therefore regarded as the injection modality of choice.
sB7-H4 is a diagnostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer and correlates to platinum resistance
Authors: Zhou Ying , Tian Jingluan , Shen Yu , Liang Hansi , Chen Youguo , Wang Juan , Gu Yanzheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), with its high mortality rate among gynecological cancers, is often diagnosed late due to the lack of early diagnostic symptoms and biomarkers. The tumor immune microenvironment has become a focal point in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic research. Among these, B7-H4, a checkpoint protein, plays a crucial role in immune regulation and tumor suppression, contributing to immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to identify the concentration of soluble B7-H4(sB7-H4) in the plasma of patients with OC and to evaluate its clinical significance. Through a comprehensive analysis involving enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and multicolor immunofluorescence, we quantified sB7-H4 levels in patient plasma and ascites, correlating these findings with tissue expression and clinical outcomes. Results indicated a strong association between high sB7-H4 levels and advanced disease, surgical outcomes, lymphatic metastasis, and platinum resistance. When compared with traditional biomarkers CA125 and HE4, sB7-H4, especially in conjunction with these markers, enhances the diagnostic accuracy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), offering insights into disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive analysis suggests that sB7-H4 is a promising biomarker for EOC, providing valuable insights into diagnosis, stage differentiation, treatment effectiveness, and prognosis.
One-step synthesis of [15]paracyclophane and [16]paracyclophane via Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling and the cyclohexane-encapsulating crystal structure of [16]paracyclophane
Authors: Rakumitsu Kenta , Takahashi Daichi , Kusumoto Sotaro , Yokoyama Akihiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Macrocycles consisting of methylene-bridged aromatic rings had been synthesized by aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, thus limiting the substrates to electron-rich aromatic compounds. In this work, we developed a novel method for 1-step synthesis of [15]paracyclophane (PCP) and [16]PCP by the self-condensation of 4-bromobenzyl bromide via a Pd-catalyzed desulfinative coupling reaction between C(sp2) and C(sp3) carbon atoms. In the crystal structure, [16]PCP encapsulated cyclohexane and formed a 1D columnar structure
Copper hexacyanoferrate cathode as a selective adsorbent for ammonium ions in sodium-rich solutions
Authors: Shudo Yuta , Sugiyama Yutaka , Tomiyama Takeo , Parajuli Durga , Kawamoto Tohru , Tanaka Hisashi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ammonium ion remediation has led to innovative methods, such as Faradaic redox reaction using Prussian blue. Our approach uses an adsorption reaction that is controlled by electric current instead of potential. By sweeping the potential through current control, selective adsorption of NH4+ was achieved in solutions with high concentrations of Na+ (ca. 1:50). The use of thick electrodes enabled ammonium levels to be reduced to environmentally acceptable levels in 3 steps, even from highly concentrated solutions of NH4+ (200 mmol/L).
Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an enhanced recovery protocol for esophageal resections: a concurrent quantitative and qualitative analysis
Authors: Moons Johnny , Declerck Hanne , Gijbels Eveline , Jans Marleen , Puttevils Eva , Lerut Toni , Nafteux Philippe , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Patient satisfaction during hospitalization for esophagectomy has been little studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with a newly introduced enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) for esophagectomy. At hospital discharge, patients were invited to complete a questionnaire. This pseudonymized questionnaire contained 5-point Likert scales regarding items on multidisciplinary care (n = 7), information/communication (n = 7), length of stay (n = 1), and specific adaptations of care in the ERP (n = 11). One open question asked for patient experiences and suggestions for improving the ERP. Between May 2017 and December 2021, 521 patients were included in the ERP after esophagectomy. Of them, 327 patients (63%) completed the questionnaire. Response rates were evenly distributed between genders and slightly higher in younger patients (&lt;60 years; 68%) as compared to elderly patients (&gt;70 years; 60%). Quantitative analysis revealed high satisfaction rates for multidisciplinary care (86.8%), information/communication (84.9%), and ERP adaptations (82.2%), and length of stay was considered optimal in 80%. There were no significant differences in satisfaction observed between gender nor age groups. For the qualitative analysis, there were 108 open answers, resulting in 268 statements. Sentiments expressed in these statements were evaluated as negative, positive, or unspecified. Negative sentiments were attributable to alimentation, organizational factors, and communication. Positive sentiments were attributed to interpersonal relations, multidisciplinary care, and ERP. Overall, patients are very satisfied with the ERP for esophagectomy during hospitalization. By incorporating qualitative data, the results of this quantitative analysis are expanded and elucidated, showing areas where improvements to our ERP are possible to increase patient satisfaction.
TikTok and Bilibili as health information sources on gastroesophageal reflux disease: an assessment of content and its quality
Authors: Liu Xuyan , Kong Qingzhou , Song Yihao , Ding Ruihao , Sun Longfei , Xu Leiqi , Li Yueyue , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global chronic disease. Short video platforms make it easy for patients with GERD to obtain medical information. However, the quality of information from these videos remains uncertain. This study aimed to systematically assess videos related to GERD on TikTok and Bilibili. We conducted a search and gathered 241 Chinese videos related to GERD and recorded the essential information. Two independent evaluators assessed each video based on the completeness of six components of the GERD guidelines, and assessed the quality and reliability of the information in the videos using recognition tools. Finally, videos from different sources were compared. The uploaders of most videos were medical professionals (86.7%, n = 209). The content was mainly about symptoms and treatment. The quality of the videos information varied depending on the sources. Among videos posted on Bilibili, those posted by medical professionals had a lower content score for definition (P &lt; 0.001). Videos produced by non-gastroenterologists had the highest mean modified DISCERN. (The DISCERN scoring tool was initially created for assessing written publications, but nowadays, it is frequently leveraged for appraising various health-related videos. Details can be found in the text) quality of the videos information was acceptable; however, the content varied significantly depending on the type of source used. Videos with broad content should be carefully screened to meet more needs.
Botulinum toxin injection of the lower esophageal sphincter to identify achalasia-variant esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Reddy Chanakyaram A , Ellison Ashton , Nguyen Anh D , Podgaetz Eitan , Souza Rhonda F , Konda Vani J A , Spechler Stuart J 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) can be an achalasia variant caused by neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), or the manometric manifestation of mechanical processes that impair EGJ distensibility. Distinction among these conditions has important implications for treatment, but can be difficult. We hypothesized that response to botulinum toxin (BT) injection of the LES could be a diagnostic test for identifying achalasia-variant EGJOO likely to respond to LES muscle-directed invasive therapy. We reviewed our experience with symptomatic EGJOO patients who had BT injection of the LES. Data collected include demographics, esophageal body manometry findings, esophagram evidence of retention, and symptom response at 1–6 months after BT injection categorized as poor, partial, or good. Clinical response to any subsequent LES-directed invasive treatment (EsoFLIP dilation, pneumatic dilation, Heller myotomy, or POEM) also was recorded. Thirteen symptomatic EGJOO patients were included (mean age 55.9 ± 16.4 years; eight men, five women). Symptom response to BT injection was good in six (46%), partial in three (23%), and poor in three (23%); one was lost to follow-up. All five patients who received invasive treatment after partial or good response to BT had a partial or good response to invasive treatment. The one patient who had invasive treatment after a poor response to BT had a poor response to invasive treatment. These findings suggest that a good response to BT injection of the LES can identify an achalasia-variant form of EGJOO that will respond to LES muscle-directed invasive therapy.
Survival outcomes in EIF2AK4 mutation-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: seeking clarity in contrast
Authors: Han Jennie , Kadani Zehra , Price Laura C , Kempny Aleksander , Rawal Bhavin , Wort Stephen J , McCabe Colm 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by widespread fibrous intimal proliferation of pre-septal pulmonary venules and a lower lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide when compared to classical PAH. Mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) gene have been linked to the development of PVOD, with the worst prognosis seen in homozygous mutation carriers.

Case summary
We describe two patients with homozygous EIF2AK4-associated PVOD, who despite typical clinical features at presentation have demonstrated a remarkable response to pulmonary vasodilator therapy and comparatively benign clinical courses. Intrapulmonary shunt (IPS) was evident on resting contrast transthoracic echocardiography (CTTE) in both patients undertaken 4 and 36 months following diagnosis. At 2 and 10 years of follow-up, respectively, both patients retain preserved right heart function and remain in the World Health Organization functional class II. This case series contrasts strikingly with prior reports of patients with classical PAH where IPS that develops in response to pulmonary vasodilator treatment has been associated with dramatic reduction in systemic oxygen saturations, necessitating withdrawal of therapy.

Discussion
In two patients with PVOD associated with homozygous EIF2AK4 mutations, IPS may act to offload the right ventricle with relative preservation of systemic exercise saturations and a more favourable prognosis. Greater use of CTTE in patients with PVOD as well as PAH with lower lung diffusion capacity may lend insight into the clinical and prognostic relevance of IPS in these patient subgroups with otherwise poor prognosis.
Colchicine prevents perioperative myocardial injury in cardiac surgery by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps: evidence from rat models
Authors: Pan Hao-Dong , Kong You-Ru , Xu Li , Liu Ming-Yue , Lv Zhi-Kang , Matniyaz Yusanjan , Zhang Hai-Tao , Tang Yu-Xian , Su Wen-Xin , Jiang Chen-Yu , Zhu Yi-Fan , Wang Dong-Jin , Jiao Xiao-Lu , Pan Tuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported to improve myocardial infarction prognosis by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. However, its role in cardiac surgery and the mechanisms behind NETs suppression remain unclear. This study aimed to explore colchicine’s cardioprotective effects against perioperative myocardial injury in cardiac surgery, focusing on NETs inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy.

METHODS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with colchicine (0.1 mg/kg/day) or CI-amidine (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. The model was created by subjecting the rats to cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Under 4.0% sevoflurane anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated by cannulating the tail artery and right atrium, and perfusion was maintained for 4 h. Immunofluorescence detected NETs, and haematoxylin and eosin staining assessed inflammatory cell.

RESULTS
We found colchicine treatment significantly reduced perioperative myocardial injury in rats. Furthermore, we observed a notable elevation of NETs in the myocardial tissue of animal models. Moreover, suppressing peptidylarginine deiminase 4 was found to markedly diminish perioperative myocardial injury in rats. Additionally, colchicine can mitigate the release of NETs by inhibiting peptidylarginine deiminase 4.

CONCLUSIONS
NETs were significantly elevated during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. Colchicine significantly mitigated myocardial injury in cardiac surgery by inhibiting NETs formation, with peptidylarginine deiminase 4 inhibition being one of its mechanisms.
A machine learning algorithm-based risk prediction score for in-hospital/30-day mortality after adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Sinha Shubhra , Dong Tim , Dimagli Arnaldo , Judge Andrew , Angelini Gianni D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A study of the performance of in-hospital/30-day mortality risk prediction models using an alternative machine learning algorithm (XGBoost) in adults undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS
Retrospective analyses of prospectively routinely collected data on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the UK from January 2012 to March 2019. Data were temporally split 70:30 into training and validation subsets. Independent mortality prediction models were created using sequential backward floating selection starting with 61 variables. Assessments of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the resultant XGBoost model with 23 variables were then conducted.

RESULTS
A total of 224,318 adults underwent cardiac surgery during the study period with a 2.76% (N = 6,100) mortality. In the testing cohort, there was good discrimination (area under the receiver operator curve 0.846, F1 0.277) and calibration (especially in high-risk patients). Decision curve analysis showed XGBoost-23 had a net benefit till a threshold probability of 60%. The most important variables were the type of operation, age, creatinine clearance, urgency of the procedure and the New York Heart Association score.

CONCLUSIONS
Feature-selected XGBoost showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical benefit when predicting mortality post-cardiac surgery. Prospective external validation of a XGBoost-derived model performance is warranted.
Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in children and adolescents
Authors: Maiter Dominique , Chanson Philippe , Constantinescu Stefan Matei , Linglart Agnès 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pituitary adenomas (PAs)—also now called pituitary neuroendocrine tumours or Pit-NETS—are rare in children and adolescents and exceptional below the age of 10. Most evidence-based high-quality data are derived from larger studies in adult patients.

Aims
We will review recent knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of the different types of pituitary adenomas diagnosed in children and adolescents, emphasizing the many reasons why these cases should be discussed within pituitary-specific multidisciplinary teams with experts from both paediatric and adult practice.

Conclusions
Paediatric PA presents multiple peculiarities that may challenge their adequate management. They are overall proportionally larger and more aggressive than in adults, with potential mass effects including hypopituitarism. Hormonal hypersecretion is frequent, resulting in clinical syndromes affecting normal growth and pubertal development. Prolactinomas represent the most frequent subtype of PA found during childhood, followed by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH)–secreting adenomas, while clinically non-functioning adenomas are exceptionally diagnosed before the age of 16. The occurrence of a pituitary tumour in a young individual should also prompt genetic testing in each case, searching for either germline mutations in one of the known genes that may drive inherited/familial PA (such as the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or MEN1 gene, or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein or AIP gene), or for a mosaic activating mutation of GNAS as found in the McCune-Albright syndrome.