bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Culture Reduces Cell Size By Increasing Vesicle Excretion
Authors: Mo Miaohua , Zhou Ying , Li Sen , Wu Yaojiong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Our previous study has shown that three-dimensional (3D) culture decreases mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) size, leading to enhanced trafficking ability and reduced lung vascular obstructions. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we proposed that 3D culture reduces MSC size by increasing vesicle excretion. Scanning electron microscope showed that 3D culture markedly increased the amount of membrane-bound vesicles on the cell surface. In consistence, tunable resistive pulse sensing quantifying analysis of vesicles in the culture medium indicated that there were higher levels of vesicles in the 3D culture MSC medium. 3D culture significantly lowered the level of actin polymerization (F-actin), suggestive of lowering actin skeleton tension may facilitate vesicle excretion. Indeed, treatment of MSCs with Cytochalasin D or functional blockade of integrin β1 caused increased vesicle secretion and decreased cell sizes. Thus, our results suggest that 3D culture reduces MSC size by increasing vesicle excretion which is likely mediated by lowering cytoskeleton tension.
Estimating inelastic drift demands for wood portal frame systems considering accumulated damages
Authors: Shu Zhan , He Minjuan , Li Zheng 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAs one key to the implementation of the performance‐based design methodologies for wood structures, the performance objectives and their corresponding limit state criteria are usually correlated with the peak (maximum) interstory drift demands. This paper evaluates the inelastic drift demands including the peak drift and the residual drift for the prototype timber portal frame structural elements. Analytical 2D‐framed model representative of the study‐case were subjected to a suite of 50 pulse‐type earthquake ground motions. In addition, an accumulated damage index is added to the inputs of the nonlinear analyses to account for the damage caused by the previous ground excitations. Larger accumulated damages lead to larger inelastic drifts. Strong correlation is revealed among the drift demands, the peak ground accelerations, and the variables characterizing the nonlinear system behavior. Finally, estimation formulas for the peak and residual drift demands are proposed and validated with the simulated results from nonlinear time‐history analyses. Based on the presented formulas, the resilience ratio and the effective elastic drift are further derived to comprehend the nonlinear behavior of such timber made structures.
Boosting female hatchling production in endangered, male‐biased turtle populations
Authors: Eisemberg Carla C. , Drummond Glaucia M. , Vogt Richard C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn turtle species with temperature‐dependent sex determination, hatchling sex ratios skewed toward males could threaten populations where females are vulnerable to harvest. We tested the efficiency of black plastic covers in producing more female hatchlings from nests of the six‐tubercle Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis sextuberculata) at the Mamirauá Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil, during September to November 2003. Covered nests produced 37% more females and midnest average temperatures were 1° C higher than control nests. Incubation period was 3 days shorter, but survivorship was 12% lower in nests with black plastic. This technique could be an inexpensive, local alternative for short‐term sex‐ratio manipulation in endangered male‐biased populations with temperature‐dependent sex determination. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Classical experiments in whole-body metabolism: open-circuit respirometry—diluted flow chamber, hood, or facemask systems
Authors: Schoffelen P. F. M. , Plasqui G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor over two centuries, scientists have measured gas exchange in animals and humans and linked this to energy expenditure of the body. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of open-circuit diluted flow indirect calorimetry and to help researchers to make the optimal choice for a certain system and its application. A historical perspective shows that ‘open circuit diluted flow’ is a technique first used in the 19th century and applicable today for room calorimeters, ventilated hood systems, and facemasks. Room calorimeters are a classic example of an open-circuit diluted flow system. The broadly applied ventilated hood calorimeters follow the same principle and can be classified as a derivative of these room calorimeters. The basic principle is that the subject breathes freely in a passing airflow that is fully captured and analyzed. Oxygen and CO2 concentrations are measured in inlet ambient air and captured outlet air. The airflow, which is adapted depending on the application (e.g., rest versus exercise), is measured. For a room indirect calorimeter, the dilution in the large room volume is also taken into account, and this is the most complex application of this type of calorimeter. Validity of the systems can be tested by alcohol burns, gas infusions and by performing repeated measurements on subjects. Using the latter, the smallest CV (%) was found for repeated VO2max tests (1.2%) with an SD of approximately 1 kJ min−1. The smallest SD was found for sleeping metabolic rate (0.11 kJ min−1) with a CV (%) of 2.4%.
Copeptin reflects physiological strain during thermal stress
Authors: Stacey Michael John , Delves Simon K. , Britland Sophie E. , Allsopp Adrian J. , Brett Stephen J. , Fallowfield Joanne L. , Woods David R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo prevent heat-related illnesses, guidelines recommend limiting core body temperature (Tc) ≤ 38 °C during thermal stress. Copeptin, a surrogate for arginine vasopressin secretion, could provide useful information about fluid balance, thermal strain and health risks. It was hypothesised that plasma copeptin would rise with dehydration from occupational heat stress, concurrent with sympathoadrenal activation and reduced glomerular filtration, and that these changes would reflectTcresponses.MethodsVolunteers (n = 15) were recruited from a British Army unit deployed to East Africa. During a simulated combat assault (3.5 h, final ambient temperature 27 °C),Tcwas recorded by radiotelemetry to differentiate volunteers with maximumTc > 38 °C versus ≤ 38 °C. Blood was sampled beforehand and afterwards, for measurement of copeptin, cortisol, free normetanephrine, osmolality and creatinine.ResultsThere was a significant (P < 0.05) rise in copeptin from pre- to post-assault (10.0 ± 6.3 vs. 16.7 ± 9.6 pmol L−1,P < 0.001). Although osmolality did not increase, copeptin correlated strongly with osmolality after the exposure (r = 0.70,P = 0.004). In volunteers with maximumTc > 38 °C (n = 8) vs ≤ 38 °C (n = 7) there were significantly greater elevations in copeptin (10.4 vs. 2.4 pmol L−1) and creatinine (10 vs. 2 μmol L−1), but no differences in cortisol, free normetanephrine or osmolality.ConclusionsChanges in copeptin reflectedTcresponse more closely than sympathoadrenal markers or osmolality. Dynamic relationships with tonicity and kidney function may help to explain this finding. As a surrogate for integrated physiological strain during work in a field environment, copeptin assay could inform future measures to prevent heat-related illnesses.
Variation in defensive chemistry within a polyphagous Baikal population of Chrysomela lapponica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): potential benefits in a multi‐enemy world
Authors: Zverev Vitali , Kozlov Mikhail V. , Zvereva Elena L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVariation in anti‐predator chemical defence is frequently observed in natural populations, but its adaptive significance remains debatable. Most populations of the chemically defended leaf beetle, Chrysomela lapponica, are specialized to their host plants, but some populations are polyphagous. We tested the hypothesis that the use of multiple host plants by a Baikal population of C. lapponica results in variation in the composition of its defensive secretions, leading to variation in defence effectiveness against different natural enemies. The secretions of larvae feeding on local host plants differed both in the origin of major components (sequestered or autogeneous) and in chemical profiles. This variation was at least partly associated with differences in the secondary chemistry among the five most abundant plant species used by this population. Larvae feeding on different hosts in nature suffered similar overall mortality from enemies, but the relative contributions of different enemy species (natural enemy profiles) varied among host plant species. Behavioural experiments with three predators and one parasitoid showed that this variation may result from idiosyncratic responses of the enemy species to the composition of the larval defences. These differences allow part of the polyphagous leaf beetle population to escape from the currently most abundant enemy on the host plant species that provides the best protection against this enemy. In this way, the within‐population variability in chemical defence, associated with feeding on hosts differing in chemistry, can buffer prey populations against fluctuating pressures of specific enemies.
The Genetic Counselor in the Pediatric Arrhythmia Clinic: Review and Assessment of Services
Authors: Helm Benjamin M. , Freeze Samantha L. , Spoonamore Katherine G. , Ware Stephanie M. , Ayers Mark D. , Kean Adam C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere are minimal data on the impact of genetic counselors in subspecialty clinics, including the pediatric arrhythmia clinic. This study aimed to describe the clinical encounters of a genetic counselor integrated into a pediatric arrhythmia clinic. In the 20 months between July 2015 and February 2017, a total of 1914 scheduled patients were screened for indications relevant for assessment by a genetic counselor. Of these, the genetic counselor completed 276 patient encounters, seeing 14.4% of all patients in clinic. The most expected and common indications for genetic counselor involvement were related to suspicion for primary heritable arrhythmia conditions, though patients seen in this clinic display a wide range of cardiac problems and many additional indications for genetic evaluation were identified. Roughly 75% (211/276) of encounters were for personal history of confirmed/suspected heritable disease, including cardiac channelopathies, cardiomyopathies, ventricular arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects, and 25% (65/276) were for family history of disease, including long QT syndrome and sudden unexplained death. Overall, this study shows that about 1 in 7 patients seen in a pediatric arrhythmia clinic have indications that likely benefit from genetic counselor involvement and care. Similar service delivery models embedding genetic counselors in pediatric arrhythmia clinics should be encouraged, and this model could be emulated to increase patient access to genetic counseling services.
Epilepsy: Clinical Review and Surgical Options
Authors: Karasin Beth , Karasin Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpilepsy is the fourth leading neurologic disorder in the United States and affects the quality of life of approximately 2.9 million Americans. Despite modern progress in medicine and technology, the disease may prove to be drug resistant, a condition that serves as a primary indication to consider invasive treatment modalities. Current evidence supports the efficacy of early surgical intervention for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, although this approach continues to be underused. The positive outcomes of epilepsy surgery are a result of multidisciplinary efforts, and perioperative nurses play a vital role in the continuum of care for this patient population. In the effort to optimize nursing care for patients with epilepsy, this article provides a clinical review of epilepsy as a neurologic disorder and specifically focuses on surgical interventions and perioperative nursing considerations.
miR‐17‐92 ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Song Turun , Chen Mianzhi , Rao Zhengsheng , Qiu Yang , Liu Jinpeng , Jiang Yamei , Huang Zhongli , Wang Xianding , Lin Tao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThere is limited information on the role of miR‐17‐92 in renal tubular pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether miR‐17‐92 plays a role in ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI)‐induced acute kidney injury. We originally demonstrated that miR‐17‐92 is up‐regulated following IRI in vivo. To explore the roles of miR‐17‐92 in the IRI process, we first generated a renal proximal tubule‐specific miR‐17‐92 deletion (PT‐miR‐17‐92−/−) knockout mouse model with Cre driven by the Kap promoter. We found that PT‐deficient miR‐17‐92 mice had more severe renal dysfunction and renal structures than their littermates. Compared with sham‐operated mice, both wide‐type (WT) mice and PT‐miR‐17‐92−/− mice showed increased serum levels of creatinine and urea. However, the levels of serum urea and creatinine in PT‐miR‐17‐92−/− mice after the IRI operation were significantly higher than the levels in WT mice. In addition, PT‐miR‐17‐92−/− mice showed higher levels of serum potassium and phosphonium after the IRI operation. Histological analysis revealed that PT‐miR‐17‐92−/− mice had substantial histopathologic changes, such as tubular dilation and tubular necrosis. Overexpression of miR‐17‐92 could partially reverse the side‐effects of IRI on the proximal tubules in vivo. Furthermore, we employed a quantitative proteomic strategy and identified 16 proteins as potential targets of miR‐17‐92. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR‐17‐92 may ameliorates IRI‐induced acute kidney injury. Our results indicate that pharmacologic modulation of these miRNAs may have therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury.
Anxiety and Insomnia in Young and Middle‐Aged Adult Hip Pain Patients With and Without Femoroacetabular Impingement and Developmental Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Prather Heidi , Creighton Andrew , Sorenson Chris , Simpson Scott , Reese Maria , Hunt Devyani , Rho Monica 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn young and middle‐aged adults with and without hip deformity, hip pain receives treatment focused primarily related to hip structure. Because this hip pain may be chronic, these patients develop other coexisting, modifiable disorders related to pain that may go undiagnosed in this young and active population, including insomnia and anxiety.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare assessments of insomnia and anxiety in young and middle‐aged adults presenting with hip pain with no greater than minimal osteoarthritis (OA) compared to asymptomatic healthy controls. Comparisons between types of hip deformity and no hip deformity in hip pain patients were performed to assess whether patients with specific hip deformities were likely to have insomnia or anxiety as a cofounding disorder to their hip pain.DesignProspective case series with control comparison.SettingTwo tertiary university physiatry outpatient clinics.ParticipantsA total of 50 hip pain patients aged 18‐40 years and 50 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsPatients were enrolled if 2 provocative hip tests were found on physical examination and hip radiographs had no or minimal OA. Radiographic hip deformity measurements were completed by an independent examiner. Comparisons of insomnia and anxiety were completed between 50 hip pain patients and 50 controls and between patients with different types of hip deformity.Main Outcome MeasuresInsomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS).ResultsA total of 50 hip pain patients (11 male and 39 female) with mean age of 31.2 ± 8.31 years enrolled. Hip pain patients slept significantly less (P = .001) per night than controls. Patients experienced significantly greater insomnia (P = .0001) and anxiety (P = .0001) compared to controls. No differences were found in insomnia and anxiety scores between hip pain patients with and without hip deformity or between different types of hip deformity.ConclusionHip pain patients with radiographs demonstrating minimal to no hip arthritis with and without hip deformity experience significant cofounding yet modifiable disorders of sleep and anxiety. If recognized early in presentation, treatment of insomnia and anxiety ultimately will improve outcomes for hip patients treated either conservatively or surgically for their hip disorder.Level of EvidenceII
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology in People affected by Home Eviction in Spain
Authors: Robles-Ortega Humbelina , Guerra Pedro , González-Usera Isis , Mata-Martín José Luis , Fernández-Santaella M. Carmen , Vila Jaime , Bolívar-Muñoz Julia , Bernal-Solano Mariola , Mateo-Rodríguez Inmaculada , Daponte-Codina Antonio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite the higher proportion of foreclosures and home evictions executed in Spain, compared to other countries, and the known link between social exclusion and mental health problems, studies exploring this association in Spain remain scarce. This study investigated the link between the process of home eviction and the appearance of symptomatology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Two hundred and five people affected by the process of home eviction were assessed using a structured interview that included three validated assessment instruments for PTSD, perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Analysis involved comparison with the normative groups that formed the validation studies together with regression analysis to determine the major psychological and socio-demographic predictors of perceived stress. Of the participants, 95.1% reported that they were experiencing the process of home eviction with fear, helplessness, or horror. In PTSD symptomatology, they scored higher than the normative PTSD group in symptoms of avoidance (t = 5.01; p < .05), activation (t = 5.48; p < .01), and total score (t = 4.15; p < .05). Of this subgroup, 72.5% fulfilled the DSM-IV symptom criteria for PTSD. The major predictor of perceived stress was PTSD symptomatology (B = .09; p < .001). The process of home eviction in Spain is having an alarming impact on mental health of affected people calling for effective measures to provide psychological and social support.
Planktic foraminifera form their shells via metastable carbonate phases
Authors: Jacob D. E. , Wirth R. , Agbaje O. B. A. , Branson O. , Eggins S. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe calcium carbonate shells of planktic foraminifera provide our most valuable geochemical archive of ocean surface conditions and climate spanning the last 100 million years, and play an important role in the ocean carbon cycle. These shells are preserved in marine sediments as calcite, the stable polymorph of calcium carbonate. Here, we show that shells of living planktic foraminifers Orbulina universa and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei originally form from the unstable calcium carbonate polymorph vaterite, implying a non-classical crystallisation pathway involving metastable phases that transform ultimately to calcite. The current understanding of how planktic foraminifer shells record climate, and how they will fare in a future high-CO2 world is underpinned by analogy to the precipitation and dissolution of inorganic calcite. Our findings require a re-evaluation of this paradigm to consider the formation and transformation of metastable phases, which could exert an influence on the geochemistry and solubility of the biomineral calcite.
The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome
Authors: Harkess Alex , Zhou Jinsong , Xu Chunyan , Bowers John E. , Van der Hulst Ron , Ayyampalayam Saravanaraj , Mercati Francesco , Riccardi Paolo , McKain Michael R. , Kakrana Atul , Tang Haibao , Ray Jeremy , Groenendijk John , Arikit Siwaret , Mathioni Sandra M. , Nakano Mayumi , Shan Hongyan , Telgmann-Rauber Alexa , Kanno Akira , Yue Zhen , Chen Haixin , Li Wenqi , Chen Yanling , Xu Xiangyang , Zhang Yueping , Luo Shaochun , Chen Helong , Gao Jianming , Mao Zichao , Pires J. Chris , Luo Meizhong , Kudrna Dave , Wing Rod A. , Meyers Blake C. , Yi Kexian , Kong Hongzhi , Lavrijsen Pierre , Sunseri Francesco , Falavigna Agostino , Ye Yin , Leebens-Mack James H. , Chen Guangyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution.
Genome-scale single-cell mechanical phenotyping reveals disease-related genes involved in mitotic rounding
Authors: Toyoda Yusuke , Cattin Cedric J. , Stewart Martin P. , Poser Ina , Theis Mirko , Kurzchalia Teymuras V. , Buchholz Frank , Hyman Anthony A. , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo divide, most animal cells drastically change shape and round up against extracellular confinement. Mitotic cells facilitate this process by generating intracellular pressure, which the contractile actomyosin cortex directs into shape. Here, we introduce a genome-scale microcantilever- and RNAi-based approach to phenotype the contribution of > 1000 genes to the rounding of single mitotic cells against confinement. Our screen analyzes the rounding force, pressure and volume of mitotic cells and localizes selected proteins. We identify 49 genes relevant for mitotic rounding, a large portion of which have not previously been linked to mitosis or cell mechanics. Among these, depleting the endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein FAM134A impairs mitotic progression by affecting metaphase plate alignment and pressure generation by delocalizing cortical myosin II. Furthermore, silencing the DJ-1 gene uncovers a link between mitochondria-associated Parkinson’s disease and mitotic pressure. We conclude that mechanical phenotyping is a powerful approach to study the mechanisms governing cell shape.