bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8 expression in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case of immuno‐phenotypic aberrancy
Authors: Jain Mili , Kushwaha Rashmi , Verma Shailendra Prasad , Singh Uma Shankar , Tripathi Anil Kumar , Goel Madhu Mati , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: May 2017

Immuno‐phenotyping forms an integral part of laboratory work up of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Aberrant antigen expressions are a known phenomenon in leukemic blasts, however cross lineage antigen expression is rarely seen in mature B cell leukemia, the reported percentages varying from 1% to 3% in Europe and North America.Case details: We report a case of Rai stage 1 CLL showing aberrant expression of CD8 on flow cytometry. The patient had stable disease at a follow up of 9 months with no requirement of initiation of treatment.Discussion: CD8 expression in CLL is rare and approximately 120 cases have been reported from Western population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported from India. The prognostic significance has been variably reported from favorable to poor. At present, our case reflects the phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemia. Long term follow up and evaluation of more cases is required to predict the prognostic role in our patient population. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Novel distributed algorithm for coalition formation in cognitive radio networks for throughput enhancement using matching theory
Authors: Tahir Mohammad , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed for increasing the throughput in cognitive radio networks by forming coalitions among cognitive radio users in AWGN and fading channel environment. Although there have been numerous studies exploring the benefits of coalition formation in cognitive radio networks from the game theory perspective, there are several limitations in their application. To overcome the limitations of game theory, concepts from matching theory are used. Specifically, the stable marriage problem is used to formulate the interactions among the cognitive radio users as a matching game for collaborative distributed spectrum sensing under target detection probability constraint. The utility function is defined as the average probability of false alarm per cognitive radio user. The advantage of stable marriage is that it always converges to a stable matching and is Pareto optimal when the preferences of cognitive radios are strict. In the proposed model, the stable matching problem is extended to propose a novel algorithm to form coalitions of varying sizes for improving the utility of CR (false alarm and throughput). The coalitions formed using the algorithm are stable and do not deviate from the final matching. Using simulations and mathematical analysis, it is shown that the proposed algorithm leads to stable coalitions and returns significant improvement in terms of reduced probability of false alarm and improved throughput per cognitive radio user as compared to the noncooperative scenario.
Upper urinary tract washings outperform voided urine specimens to detect upper tract high‐grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundCytological examination of voided urine (VU) can reliably diagnose high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) of the lower urinary tract, but its value in the diagnosis of upper tract HGUC (UTHGUC) is less well‐established. To clarify the utility of VU in the setting of UTHGUC, we examined urinary specimens from patients with UTHGUC on follow‐up surgical pathology.Methods52 VU specimens (47 patients) with subsequent biopsy‐proven UTHGUC were identified over a 12‐year period; 32 had a corresponding upper tract urinary washing (UW) specimen. Patients with concurrent bladder HGUC were excluded. The diagnoses of VU specimens were tabulated and compared to those of UW specimens.ResultsThree UW specimens had a less severe diagnosis, 8 had the same diagnosis, and 21 had a more severe diagnosis than the corresponding VU specimen from the same patient. Significantly more UW specimens demonstrated high‐risk features as compared with VU specimens (P = .003). In specimens with atypia, a definitive diagnosis of HGUC was made significantly more often on UW vs. VU specimens (P = .003).ConclusionsAmong patients with confirmed UTHGUC, 50% of preceding VU specimens demonstrated high‐grade features compared to almost 90% of UW specimens. Though VU cytology shows atypia in the majority of cases, it performs inferiorly to UW for the detection of UTHGUC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:700–704. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of premature termination from psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa: Low treatment credibility, early therapy alliance, and self‐transcendence
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Carter Frances A. , Joyce Peter R. , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Luty Suzanne E. , McKenzie Janice M. , Carter Janet D. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveFailure to complete treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) is‐ common, clinically concerning but difficult to predict. This study examines whether therapy‐related factors (patient‐rated pretreatment credibility and early therapeutic alliance) predict subsequent premature termination of treatment (PTT) alongside self‐transcendence (a previously identified clinical predictor) in women with AN.Methods56 women aged 17–40 years participating in a randomized outpatient psychotherapy trial for AN. Treatment completion was defined as attending 15/20 planned sessions. Measures were the Treatment Credibility, Temperament and Character Inventory, Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale and the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale. Statistics were univariate tests, correlations, and logistic regression.ResultsTreatment credibility and certain early patient and therapist alliance/process subscales predicted PTT. Lower self‐transcendence and lower early process accounted for 33% of the variance in predicting PTT.DiscussionRoutine assessment of treatment credibility and early process (comprehensively assessed from multiple perspectives) may help clinicians reduce PTT thereby enhancing treatment outcomes.
How weather instead of urbanity measures affects song trait variability in three European passerine bird species
Authors: Schäfer Julia E. , Janocha Marcel M. , Klaus Sebastian , Tietze Dieter Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious studies detected an influence of urban characteristics on song traits in passerine birds, that is, song adjustments to ambient noise in urban areas. Several studies already described the effect of weather conditions on the behavior of birds, but not the effect on song traits. We investigate, if song trait variability changes along a continuous urbanity gradient in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. We examined, for the first time on a larger scale, the influence of weather on song parameters. We made song recordings of three common passerine species: the blue and great tit (Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Parus major Linnaeus, 1758) and the European blackbird (Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758). We measured different song traits and performed statistical analyses and modeling on a variety of variables—among them urbanity and weather parameters. Remarkably, we found only few cases of a significant influence of urbanity parameters on song traits. The influence of weather parameters (air pressure, atmospheric humidity, air and soil temperatures) on song traits was highly significant. Birds in Frankfurt face high noise pollution and might show different adaptations to high noise levels. The song trait variability of the investigated species is affected more by weather conditions than by urban characteristics in Frankfurt. However, the three species react differently to specific weather parameters. Smaller species seem to be more affected by weather than larger species.
Symptoms associated with Lewy body disease in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Donaghy Paul C. , Barnett Nicola , Olsen Kirsty , Taylor John‐Paul , McKeith Ian G. , O'Brien John T. , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is associated with a range of cognitive and non‐cognitive symptoms. We aimed to identify if some of these symptoms might aid early diagnosis of Lewy body disease in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsLewy body MCI (MCI‐LB; n = 36), Alzheimer's disease MCI (MCI‐AD; n = 21), DLB (n = 36), AD (n = 21) and control (n = 20) participants were recruited. An interview‐based questionnaire about the presence of symptoms thought to be associated with Lewy body disease was completed by participants with, where possible, their carer/relative. The prevalence of each symptom was compared between MCI‐LB and MCI‐AD and between established DLB and AD, and a symptom scale based on these findings was devised.ResultsFluctuating concentration/attention; episodes of confusion; muscle rigidity; changes in hand‐writing, gait and posture; falls; drooling; weak voice; symptoms of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and misjudging objects were more common in MCI‐LB compared with MCI‐AD, and also in DLB compared with AD. Hyposmia, tremor, slowness and autonomic symptoms were not specific to Lewy body disease. REM sleep behaviour disorder and hyposmia were reported to develop several years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms in Lewy body disease. A 10‐point symptom scale differentiated between MCI‐LB and MCI‐AD with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionsDrooling, misjudging objects and symptoms related to parkinsonism, fluctuating cognition and RBD may be the most characteristic symptoms of MCI‐LB. Slowness, tremor, autonomic symptoms and hyposmia are all common in MCI‐LB but are not specific to the disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crowdsourcing the Moral Limits of Human Gene Editing?
Authors: Juengst Eric T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn 2015, a flourish of “alarums and excursions” by the scientific community propelled CRISPR/Cas9 and other new gene‐editing techniques into public attention. At issue were two kinds of potential gene‐editing experiments in humans: those making inheritable germ‐line modifications and those designed to enhance human traits beyond what is necessary for health and healing. The scientific consensus seemed to be that while research to develop safe and effective human gene editing should continue, society's moral uncertainties about these two kinds of experiments needed to be better resolved before clinical trials of either type should be attempted.In the United States, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) convened the Committee on Human Gene Editing: Scientific, Medical and Ethical Considerations to pursue that resolution. The committee's 2017 consensus report has been widely interpreted as “opening the door” to inheritable human genetic modification and holding a line against enhancement interventions. But on a close reading it does neither. There are two reasons for this eccentric conclusion, both of which depend upon the strength of the committee's commitment to engaging diverse public voices in the gene‐editing policy‐making process.
Theta‐paced flickering between place‐cell maps in the hippocampus: A model based on short‐term synaptic plasticity
Authors: Mark Shirley , Romani Sandro , Jezek Karel , Tsodyks Misha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHippocampal place cells represent different environments with distinct neural activity patterns. Following an abrupt switch between two familiar configurations of visual cues defining two environments, the hippocampal neural activity pattern switches almost immediately to the corresponding representation. Surprisingly, during a transient period following the switch to the new environment, occasional fast transitions between the two activity patterns (flickering) were observed (Jezek, Henriksen, Treves, Moser, & Moser, ). Here we show that an attractor neural network model of place cells with connections endowed with short‐term synaptic plasticity can account for this phenomenon. A memory trace of the recent history of network activity is maintained in the state of the synapses, allowing the network to temporarily reactivate the representation of the previous environment in the absence of the corresponding sensory cues. The model predicts that the number of flickering events depends on the amplitude of the ongoing theta rhythm and the distance between the current position of the animal and its position at the time of cue switching. We test these predictions with new analysis of experimental data. These results suggest a potential role of short‐term synaptic plasticity in recruiting the activity of different cell assemblies and in shaping hippocampal activity of behaving animals.
Early‐life stress diminishes the increase in neurogenesis after exercise in adult female mice
Authors: Abbink M. R. , Naninck E. F. G. , Lucassen P. J. , Korosi A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExposure to early‐life stress (ES) has long‐lasting consequences for later cognition and hippocampal plasticity, including adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), i.e., the generation of new neurons from stem/progenitor cells in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. We had previously demonstrated a sex‐specific vulnerability to ES exposure; female mice exposed to ES from P2‐P9 exhibited only very mild cognitive changes and no reductions in AHN as adult, whereas ES‐exposed male mice showed impaired cognition closely associated with reductions in AHN. Given the apparent resilience of AHN to ES in females, we here questioned whether ES has also altered the capacity to respond to positive stimuli for neurogenesis. We therefore investigated whether exercise, known for its strong pro‐neurogenic effects, can still stimulate AHN in adult female mice that had been earlier exposed to ES. We confirm a strong pro‐neurogenic effect of exercise in the dorsal hippocampus of 8‐month‐old control female mice, but this positive neurogenic response is less apparent in female ES mice. These data provide novel insights in the lasting consequences of ES on hippocampal plasticity in females and also indicate that ES might lastingly reduce the responsiveness of the hippocampal stem cell pool, to exercise, in female mice.
Regulating the for‐profit private healthcare providers towards universal health coverage: A qualitative study of legal and organizational framework in Mongolia
Authors: Tsevelvaanchig Uranchimeg , Narula Indermohan S. , Gouda Hebe , Hill Peter S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundRegulating the behavior of private providers in the context of mixed health systems has become increasingly important and challenging in many developing countries moving towards universal health coverage including Mongolia. This study examines the current regulatory architecture for private healthcare in Mongolia exploring its role for improving accessibility, affordability, and quality of private care and identifies gaps in policy design and implementation.MethodsQualitative research methods were used including documentary review, analysis, and in‐depth interviews with 45 representatives of key actors involved in and affected by regulations in Mongolia's mixed health system, along with long‐term participant observation.ResultsThere has been extensive legal documentation developed regulating private healthcare, with specific organizations assigned to conduct health regulations and inspections. However, the regulatory architecture for healthcare in Mongolia is not optimally designed to improve affordability and quality of private care. This is not limited only to private care: important regulatory functions targeted to quality of care do not exist at the national level. The imprecise content and details of regulations in laws inviting increased political interference, governance issues, unclear roles, and responsibilities of different government regulatory bodies have contributed to failures in implementation of existing regulations.
HIV screening in pregnant women: A systematic review of cost‐effectiveness studies
Authors: Bert Fabrizio , Gualano Maria Rosaria , Biancone Paolo , Brescia Valerio , Camussi Elisa , Martorana Maria , Thomas Robin , Secinaro Silvana , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroductionVertical transmission represents the major route of HIV infection for children. However, the preventive interventions available are extremely effective. This review summarizes evidence regarding the cost‐effectiveness of mother‐to‐child‐transmission preventive screenings, to help policy makers in choosing the optimal antenatal screening strategy.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, using 3 databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis Registry. All articles regarding HIV screening to avoid vertical transmission were included.ResultsThe review included 21 papers. Seven studies assessed the cost‐effectiveness of universal antenatal screening during early gestation. Two papers considered the integration of HIV screening with other medical interventions. Eight works estimated the cost‐effectiveness of HIV screening in late pregnancy. Finally, 4 papers considered the combination of multiple strategies. The selected papers focused on both developed and developing countries, with a different HIV prevalence. The characteristics and methodology of the studies were heterogeneous. However, all studies agreed about the main findings, outlining the cost‐effectiveness of both universal antenatal screening and HIV rescreening in late pregnancy. Cost‐effectiveness improved when HIV burden increased. The major findings were proved to be robust across various scenarios when tested in sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe review confirmed the cost‐effectiveness not only of HIV universal antenatal screening but also of rescreening in late gestation in both developed and developing countries. Universal screening is cost‐effective even in case of extremely low HIV prevalence. Therefore, to maximize screening, coverage appears as a worldwide priority. In certain settings, a targeted screening towards high‐risk groups could be a valuable option.
Drug Release as a function of bioactivity, incubation regime, liquid, and initial load: Release of bortezomib from calcium phosphate‐containing silica/collagen xerogels
Authors: Kruppke Benjamin , Hose Dirk , Schnettler Reinhard , Seckinger Anja , Rößler Sina , Hanke Thomas , Heinemann Sascha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ability of silica‐/collagen‐based composite xerogels to act as drug delivery systems was evaluated by taking into account the initial drug concentration, bioactivity of the xerogels, liquid, and incubation regime. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was chosen as a model drug, used for the systemic treatment of multiple myeloma. Incubation during 14 days in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or simulated body fluid (SBF) showed a weak initial burst and was identified to be of first order with subsequent release being independent from the initial load of 0.1 or 0.2 mg bortezomib per 60 mg monolithic sample. Faster drug release occurred during incubation in SBF compared to PBS, and during static incubation without changing the liquid, compared to dynamic incubation with daily liquid changes. Drug‐loaded xerogels with hydroxyapatite as a third component exhibited enhanced bioactivity retarding drug release, explained by formation of a surface calcium phosphate layer. The fastest release of 50% of the total drug load was observed for biphasic xerogels after 7 days during dynamic incubation in SBF. As a result, the presented concept is suitable for the intended combination of the advantageous bone substitution properties of xerogels and local application of drugs exemplified by bortezomib. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1165–1173, 2018.
Pilomatricoma: An unusual cause of lump in a male breast
Authors: Kapoor Anu , Narayanan Ramakrishna , Tandon Ashwani , Santosh Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWe present the case of a 48‐year‐old man who presented with a painless, progressively increasing lump in the left breast. The mammographic and sonographic appearance of the lesion was suspicious for malignancy. Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatricoma. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:209–211, 2018
The utility of on‐site ultrasound screening in population at high risk for deep venous thrombosis in temporary housing after the great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Shibata Muneichi , Chiba Hiroshi , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Ueda Shinsaku , Yamamura Osamu , Hanzawa Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for screening of a population at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in a post‐disaster setting.MethodsUltrasonography was applied as a screening technique to the residents of a temporary housing facility who were displaced following the Great East Japan Earthquake. Thirty DVT screening sessions were held from April 2013 to June 2015. Individuals were invited to participate if they were identified as “high risk” for DVT, defined as those with low activity levels, a history of lower limb trauma, baseline lower limb pain or swelling, a cancer‐bearing status, or a history of venous thromboembolic event. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed from the calf to the popliteal veins using portable devices.ResultsOf the 3,316 subjects screened (682 men and 2,634 women) with a mean age of 71 ± 9.7 years, DVT was diagnosed in 382 (11.5%). DVT was more likely in older, symptomatic, or female patients with a history of venous thromboembolism and attempting to perform daily exercise. The rate of DVT diagnosis increased from 9.9% in 2013 to 13.5% in 2015.ConclusionsUltrasonography is efficient for screening at‐risk populations in challenging settings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:566–574, 2017
Acceptability of beehive products as ingredients in quinoa bars
Authors: Rios Francisco , Lobo Manuel , Samman Norma 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to develop a puffed quinoa bar with beehive products of high content of phenolic compounds, based on acceptability and perception of consumers. A rotational central composite design of three variables (honey, pollen and propolis) was used for food product formulation. The responses to optimize were sensorial acceptability and polyphenol content. Next to acceptability a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) test was performed with 115 consumers. Preference maps were used to relate acceptability and sensorial attributes of bars that cause rejection or acceptance.RESULTSThe experimental design determined that pollen and propolis significantly increased phenolic content but decreased acceptability of formulations. Preference maps established that attributes like astringency, bitter flavor, pungency and intense yellow color were associated with the low acceptability while attributes of sweetness and weak astringency were related to high acceptance of products. Range of polyphenol content determined in the widely accepted formulations was 2.15–2.91 g kg−1, significantly higher than commercial products.CONCLUSIONThe incorporation of beehive products, in quinoa bars, increased the total polyphenol content and the functional properties, but at the same time reduced the consumer acceptability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry