bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Scott Fitzgerald As I Knew Him”: F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Secondary Memoir
Authors: Gatzemeyer Jace 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This essay deals with three memoirs on F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sheilah Graham's Beloved Infidel (1958), Tony Buttitta's After the Good Gay Times (1974), and Frances Kroll Ring's Against the Current (1985). These texts are representative examples of an interesting sub-genre of memoir I have labeled the “secondary memoir,” which takes as its focus the author's time with some other person, giving us a “moderated image” of that person, in this case F. Scott Fitzgerald. The secondary memoirs on Fitzgerald have been critically neglected and deserve scholarly attention, though they do present some problems. Although we might question the objectivity (or, conversely, the subjectivity) of each, these secondary memoirs present an image of Fitzgerald more comprehensive than the passing mentions in the memoirs of Cowley and Stein, and more sincere than the apparently contrived scenes in the memoirs of Hemingway and Callaghan. Graham, Buttitta, and Ring elegantly fill in the gaps, moderating between the rigid lines of serious scholarly study of Fitzgerald's life and the loose, superficial scribbles of the Fitzgerald myth.
Interdependence between Managerial Ownership, Leverage and Firm Value: Theory and Empirical Validation
Authors: Hatem Ben Said 
Published: December 2015

<p>This paper test the interdependence between managerial ownership, debt and firm value. To this end, we examined a sample of 246 French firms over a period of 11 years is built. In addition, we use two estimation methods: simultaneous equations and data panels methods. The empirical results support the interaction between these three variables. We concluded a nonlinear relationship between insider ownership and shareholder wealth. An inverse U-shaped relationship was found between debt and managerial ownership. However, an increase in debt leads to an increase in managerial ownership. Moreover, the share capital held by managers is a significant factor in explaining debt ratio of French firms. Finally, we conclude that the disciplinary role of debt is valid only for the data panels method.</p><p>al Jordanian firms listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period of 2005-2013, by applying panel data regression analysis. It depends on building three OLS models: Pooled, Fixed Effects Model and Random Effects Model. In addition, a test for Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier (LM), and Hausamn test to choose among the three models which model is most suitable for our data. A main finding of the panel data analysis is that; fixed effect regression is the most convenient model. As a result, there is no strong evidence that there is a relationship between both institutional ownership and firm performance for Jordanian listed firms. This conclusion can be due to the fact that institutional ownership has its own pros and cons, therefore, their existence and influence could affect materially the types and risk level of investment decisions taken by the management which in return will affect the firm’s performance as a whole. ociation with external reserve and net credit to the economy. Based on these results; it is recommended that, the Nigeria government should designed programmes and incentives to boost industrial capacity utilization in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.</p><p> </p>
Analysis of Sell-in-May-and-Go-Away Strategy on the Markets of 122 Equity Indices and 39 Commodities
Authors: Borowski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2015

The problem of efficiency of financial markets has always been one of the most important, including, among others, calendar effects. The sell-in-May-and-go-away (also called Halloween) effect is worth considering from the point of view of assessing the portfolio management effectiveness and behavioral finance. This paper tests the sell-in-May-and-go-away strategy and its modifications on the market of 122 equity indices and 39 commodities in the eight approaches, depending on the investment time horizon (October-15<sup>th</sup> May, November-15<sup>th</sup> May, October-1<sup>st</sup> May, November-1<sup>st</sup>May) and types of computed rates of return (accrued rates of return and average daily geometric rates of return). Calculations presented in this paper indicate the presence of the sell-in-May-and-go-away effect on the analyzed markets in the classic time frame, as well as in the different time frames. ation in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.<p> </p>
Plasma treatment introduced memory properties in MoS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We present a facile method to obtain MoS2-based nonvolatile memory field-effect transistors by oxygen plasma treatment on the MoS2 surface that is in contact with a dielectric. The oxygen plasma treatment provides a way of introducing deep defects into the MoS2 surface. Only those deep defects located at the semiconductor/dielectric interface can behave as charge trapping sites to develop the memory capability. No memory properties can be observed when the MoS2 surface far from the conductive channel was treated with oxygen plasma. This method brings promising advantages to MoS2-based memory devices obtained using a simple fabrication method and small device dimensions.
Horizontal principal stress orientation in the Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project (CRISP) transect from borehole breakouts
Authors: Malinverno A. , Saito S. , Vannucchi P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project (CRISP) drilled the Pacific margin of the Middle America Trench just north of where the Cocos Ridge enters the subduction zone, resulting in basal erosion of the upper plate. Here we report the orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax) from borehole breakouts detected by logging‐while‐drilling and wireline downhole measurements. All SHmax directions were estimated in the sediment cover of the margin, above the deeper rocks of the deformed margin wedge. We observe three overall SHmax orientations: NNE‐SSW (25° azimuth) in the deepest interval drilled at the upper slope Site U1379; ENE‐WSW (82°) in the rest of Site U1379 and in Site U1413, also drilled in the upper slope; and NNW‐SSE (157°) in the mid‐slope Site U1378. Our preferred interpretation is that the deepest interval of Site U1379 records the stress conditions in the underlying margin wedge, as SHmax is parallel to the direction of the Cocos‐Caribbean plate convergence and of the compressional axes of plate boundary fault earthquakes. The variable SHmax directions observed elsewhere are likely due to the effect of a network of normal faults that subdivide the sediment cover into a number of independently deforming blocks. In addition, the observed SHmax directions may be influenced by the subducting Cocos Ridge, which acts as an indenter causing oblique deformation, and by the transition to seismogenic subduction along the plate boundary fault.
The impact of equilibrating hemispheric albedos on tropical performance in the HadGEM2‐ES coupled climate model
Authors: Haywood Jim M. , Jones Andy , Dunstone Nick , Milton Sean , Vellinga Michael , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro , Hawcroft Matt , Kravitz Ben , Cole Jason , Watanabe Shingo , Stephens Graeme 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Earth's hemispheric reflectances are equivalent to within ± 0.2 Wm−2, even though the Northern Hemisphere contains a greater proportion of higher reflectance land areas, because of greater cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere. This equivalence is unlikely to be by chance, but the reasons are open to debate. Here we show that equilibrating hemispheric albedos in the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2‐Earth System coupled climate model significantly improves what have been considered longstanding and apparently intractable model biases. Monsoon precipitation biases over all continental land areas, the penetration of monsoon rainfall across the Sahel, the West African monsoon “jump”, and indicators of hurricane frequency are all significantly improved. Mechanistically, equilibrating hemispheric albedos improves the atmospheric cross‐equatorial energy transport and increases the supply of tropical atmospheric moisture to the Hadley cell. We conclude that an accurate representation of the cross‐equatorial energy transport appears to be critical if tropical performance is to be improved.
Does El Niño intensity matter for California precipitation?
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Hoerling Martin , Eischeid Jon , Wolter Klaus , Dole Randall , Perlwitz Judith , Xu Taiyi , Cheng Linyin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe sensitivity of California precipitation to El Niño intensity is investigated by applying a multimodel ensemble of historical climate simulations to estimate how November–April precipitation probability distributions vary across three categorizations of El Niño intensity. Weak and moderate El Niño events fail to appreciably alter wet or dry risks across northern and central California, though odds for wet conditions increase across southern California during moderate El Niño. Significant increases in wet probabilities occur during strong El Niño events across the entire state. In California's main northern watershed regions, simulations indicate an 85% chance of greater than normal precipitation and a 50% probability of at least 125% of normal. Our results indicate that both the statewide average and the spatial distribution of California precipitation are sensitive to El Niño intensity. Forecasts of El Niño intensity would thus contribute to improved situational awareness for California water planning and related water resource impacts.
Light scattering Q‐space analysis of irregularly shaped particles
Authors: Heinson Yuli W. , Maughan Justin B. , Heinson William R. , Chakrabarti Amitabha , Sorensen Christopher M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report Q‐space analysis of light scattering phase function data for irregularly shaped dust particles and of theoretical model output to describe them. This analysis involves plotting the scattered intensity versus the magnitude of the scattering wave vector q = (4π/λ)sin(θ/2), where λ is the optical wavelength and θ is the scattering angle, on a double‐logarithmic plot. In q‐space all the particle shapes studied display a scattering pattern which includes a q‐independent forward scattering regime; a crossover, Guinier regime when q is near the inverse size; a power law regime; and an enhanced backscattering regime. Power law exponents show a quasi‐universal functionality with the internal coupling parameter ρ′. The absolute value of the exponents start from 4 when ρ′ < 1, the diffraction limit, and decreases as ρ′ increases until a constant 1.75 ± 0.25 when ρ′ ≳ 10. The diffraction limit exponent implies that despite their irregular structures, all the particles studied have mass and surface scaling dimensions of Dm = 3 and Ds = 2, respectively. This is different from fractal aggregates that have a power law equal to the fractal dimension Df because Df = Dm = Ds < 3. Spheres have Dm = 3 and Ds = 2 but do not show a single power law nor the same functionality with ρ′. The results presented here imply that Q‐space analysis can differentiate between spheres and these two types of irregularly shaped particles. Furthermore, they are applicable to analysis of the contribution of aerosol radiative forcing to climate change and of aerosol remote sensing data.
Bone‐formers and bone‐losers in an archaeological population
Authors: Mays Simon 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesRecent biomedical research suggests that, in modern human populations, individuals may vary in their inherent tendency toward bone formation at skeletal and extra‐skeletal locations. However, the nature of this phenomenon is incompletely understood, and the extent to which it might apply to past populations is unclear. It is hypothesized that if there is inter‐individual variation in some overall tendency toward bone formation in skeletal and extra‐skeletal sites then there should be a positive relationship between ligamentous ossification and thickness of cortical bone. This work is a test of this hypothesis in an archaeological population.Materials and MethodsThe study material comprises adult skeletons (N = 137 individuals) of documented age at death from 18th to 19th century London. It examines the relationship between bone deposition in the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) in the thoracic spine and cortical index (CI) at the metacarpal measured by radiogrammetry.ResultsControlling for the potential confounders age, sex, skeletal completeness, occupation (males) and parity (females), there was a positive association between ossification into the ALL and CI. This reflects lesser medullary cavity width in those showing ALL ossification.DiscussionLigamentous ossification in the axial skeleton and peripheral cortical bone status are linked, individuals with ALL ossification showing lesser resorption of cortical bone at the endosteal surface. This is consistent with the idea of inter‐individual variation in some general bone‐forming/bone‐losing tendency in this 200 year old study population, but there was no evidence of a link between ALL ossification and increased skeletal subperiosteal bone deposition. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:577–584, 2016. © 2015 The Authors American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Hydrogenolysis of Diaryl Ether C−O Bonds by a Robust Heterogeneous Ni/C Catalyst: Applications to the Cleavage of Complex Lignin‐Related Fragments
Authors: Gao Fang , Webb Jonathan D. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report the chemo‐ and regioselective hydrogenolysis of the C−O bonds in di‐ortho‐substituted diaryl ethers under the catalysis of a supported nickel catalyst. The catalyst comprises heterogeneous nickel particles supported on activated carbon and furnishes arenes and phenols in high yields without hydrogenation. The high thermal stability of the embedded metal particles allows C−O bond cleavage to occur in highly substituted diaryl ether units akin to those in lignin. Preliminary mechanistic experiments show that this catalyst undergoes sintering less readily than previously reported catalyst particles that form from a solution of [Ni(cod)2].
Crystalline forms of PVDF fiber filled with clay components along processing steps
Authors: Boudriaux Matthieu , Rault François , Cochrane Cédric , Lemort Guillaume , Campagne Christine , Devaux Eric , Courtois Christian 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThere is a growing interest in the supply of autonomous electronic devices, particularly in the field of smart textiles. Energy harvesting is considered as a clean and renewable alternative technology to reach this objective. One of the methods explored is scavenging the energy from ambient mechanical vibrations by using piezoelectric materials. Due to textile requirements, the development of PVDF based fibers appears to be an interesting solution. However, the amount of its β crystalline form should be as high as possible. PVDF/clay components (modified or unmodified clay as well as organic modifier) containing up to 5 wt % additive are prepared by melt spinning. FTIR and XRD experiments show that the most important factor for obtaining high levels of β crystalline form is to increase the drawing ratio. The results indicate also that an organic modifier (quaternary ammonium salt) influences the crystalline forms and leads to a high ratio of β phases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43244.
A comparison of partially acetylated nanocellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, and nanoclay as fillers for high‐performance polylactide nanocomposites
Authors: Trifol Jon , Plackett David , Sillard Cecile , Hassager Ole , Daugaard Anders Egede , Bras Julien , Szabo Peter 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPartially acetylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were chemically extracted from sisal fibers and the performance of those CNF as nanofillers for polylactide (PLA) for food packaging applications was evaluated. Three PLA nanocomposites; PLA/CNF (cellulose nanofibers), PLA/CNC (nanocrystalline cellulose), and PLA/C30B (CloisiteTM30B, an organically modified montmorillonite clay) were prepared and their properties were evaluated. It was found that CNF reinforced composites showed a larger decrease on oxygen transmission rate (OTR) than the clay‐based composites; (PLA/CNF 1% nanocomposite showed a 63% of reduction at 23°C and 50% RH while PLA/C30B 1% showed a 26% decrease) and similar behavior on terms of water vapor barrier properties with 46 and 43%, respectively of decrease on water vapor transmission rate at 23°C and 50% RH (relative humidity). In terms of mechanical and thermomechanical properties, CNF‐based nanocomposites showed better performance than clay‐based composites without affecting significantly the optical transparency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43257.
Design and synthesis of organosoluble and transparent polyimides containing bulky substituents and noncoplanar structures
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Pei Xianglin , Wang Lichun , Mei Mei , Liu Chanjuan , Wei Chun 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA new diamine monomer, 3,3′‐diisopropyl‐4,4′‐diaminophenyl‐4″‐phenyltouene, was designed, synthesized, and then polymerized with five commercial dianhydrides to obtain a series of novel polyimides via a one‐step method. The obtained polymers showed excellent solubility in most common solvents, even in low‐boiling solvents, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran. They exhibited a high thermal stability with the glass‐transition temperature in the range 262–318°C and 10% weight loss temperatures in the range 464–488°C under a nitrogen atmospheres. Meanwhile, these polymer films also displayed a high optical transparency with a cutoff wavelength in the range 305–365 nm; prominent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 65.6–94.9 MPa, a Young's modulus of 1.6–2.8 GPa, and an elongation at break of 9.3–13.7%; a low dielectric constant in the range of 2.91–3.18 at 1 MHz; and an outstanding hydrophobicity with a contact angle above 90.6°. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43266.
Carbon Dioxide and n‐Hexane Absorption Using a Gas‐Liquid‐Liquid Reactor
Authors: Gómez‐Díaz Diego , López‐Rivas David , Navaza José M. , Couvert Annabelle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSimultaneous absorption of the acid gas CO2 and a volatile organic compound (VOC; here n‐hexane) from a polluted gas stream by using an emulsion in a gas‐liquid‐liquid (GLL) reactor was investigated. In order to enhance the VOC capture, a nonaqueous liquid phase in the form of silicone oil was applied in the gas absorber. In addition, the regeneration process of both liquid phases was analyzed. The effect of methyldiethanolamine concentration in the aqueous phase and percentage of the organic phase was evaluated, showing opposite results for the liquid phases regarding each gas due to the differences between them. A higher amount of silicone oil causes a significant improvement in VOC absorption rate with negligible influence on CO2 behavior. The gas composition was modified by nitrogen.
Ruthenium Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon Composite and Its Excellent Rate Capability in Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Wang Ruijing , Jia Pengfei , Yang Yuying , An Ning , Zhang Yadi , Wu Hongying , Hu Zhongai 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChemical oxidation is used to cut and unzip multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in the transverse direction and the axial direction to form graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR). Ruthenium oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon composite (RuO2/rGONR) with a 72.5 wt% RuO2 loading is synthesized through an aqueous‐phase reaction, in which GONR is served as starting material, followed by mild thermal treatment in ambient air. The resulting RuO2/rGONR composite achieves specific capacitance up to 677 F·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1 in three‐electrode system using 1 mol·L−1 H2SO4 as electrolyte. The resultant electrode exhibits an excellent rate capability (91.8% retention rate at 20 A·g−1). Especially, the symmetric supercapacitor assembled on the basis of RuO2/rGONR electrode delivers high energy density (16.2 Wh·kg−1) even at the power density of 9885 W·kg−1, which is very essential for supercapacitors.
Structures and Properties of Two New Three‐Dimensional Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Compounds Based on Isopolymolybdate Clusters
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Yin Xuena , Mu Bao , Li Na , Huang Rudan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo new inorganic‐organic hybrid materials containing different isopolymolybdate units, namely, [{Ce(pdca)(H2O)}{Ce(pdca)(H2O)5}]2{Mo8O26}·10H2O (1), [Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2[Mo6O20] (2) (pdca=pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). In compound 1, Ce(III) ions are bridged by pdca ligands to form cerium‐organic coordination layers, which are further pillared by octamolybdate clusters via the covalent bonding of CeO, leading to the formation of a 3D pillar‐layered open‐framework architecture. Compound 2 features a 3D supramolecular structure constructed by hydrogen bond interactions between 1D molybdate chains aggregated by [Mo6O20]4− polyoxoanions and coordinated water molecules. It was remarkable that H3[PMo12O40]·ΧH2O decomposes into hexamolybdate anions, which are linked together with phen ligands by Cu(II) cation. Moreover, UV‐vis spectra and fluorescence properties of compounds 1–2 have also been investigated in detail.
Three New Complexes Based on the Flexible Zwitterionic Dicarboxylate Ligand: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Wang Qing , Mu Bao , Yang Dandan , Lv Lei , Li Changxia , Huang Rudan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThree new complexes have been prepared based on the transition metals and zwitterionic dicarboxylate ligand 1,1′‐(1,4‐phenylene‐bis(methylene))‐bis(pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid) (L), whose formulas are {[Cd4(L)(SO4)]· (Cl)6}n (1), [Zn(L)Cl2]n (2), and [Co(L)Cl2]n (3), respectively. Complexes 1–3 have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, XRD, thermal analyses and single crystal X‐ray (powder) diffraction. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/m, displaying a 2‐D layer structure with three unique Cd2+ centers. 2 and 3 are isomorphic structures with the orthorhombic Cmca space group. They exhibit a 1‐D zigzag chain, which can be linked to generate a 2‐D layer via hydrogen bonding interactions (CH···O). Moreover, electrochemical behavior reveals that the redox reaction of 3‐CPE is a surface‐controlled reaction. And the luminescent properties of the title complexes have been investigated at room temperature.