bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-validation and out-of-sample testing of physical activity intensity predictions with a wrist-worn accelerometer
Authors: Montoye Alexander H. K. , Westgate Bradford S. , Fonley Morgan R. , Pfeiffer Karin A. 
Published: January 2018

Wrist-worn accelerometers are gaining popularity for measurement of physical activity. However, few methods for predicting physical activity intensity from wrist-worn accelerometer data have been tested on data not used to create the methods (out-of-sample data). This study utilized two previously collected data sets [Ball State University (BSU) and Michigan State University (MSU)] in which participants wore a GENEActiv accelerometer on the left wrist while performing sedentary, lifestyle, ambulatory, and exercise activities in simulated free-living settings. Activity intensity was determined via direct observation. Four machine learning models (plus 2 combination methods) and six feature sets were used to predict activity intensity (30-s intervals) with the accelerometer data. Leave-one-out cross-validation and out-of-sample testing were performed to evaluate accuracy in activity intensity prediction, and classification accuracies were used to determine differences among feature sets and machine learning models. In out-of-sample testing, the random forest model (77.3–78.5%) had higher accuracy than other machine learning models (70.9–76.4%) and accuracy similar to combination methods (77.0–77.9%). Feature sets utilizing frequency-domain features had improved accuracy over other feature sets in leave-one-out cross-validation (92.6–92.8% vs. 87.8–91.9% in MSU data set; 79.3–80.2% vs. 76.7–78.4% in BSU data set) but similar or worse accuracy in out-of-sample testing (74.0–77.4% vs. 74.1–79.1% in MSU data set; 76.1–77.0% vs. 75.5–77.3% in BSU data set). All machine learning models outperformed the euclidean norm minus one/GGIR method in out-of-sample testing (69.5–78.5% vs. 53.6–70.6%). From these results, we recommend out-of-sample testing to confirm generalizability of machine learning models. Additionally, random forest models and feature sets with only time-domain features provided the best accuracy for activity intensity prediction from a wrist-worn accelerometer. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study includes in-sample and out-of-sample cross-validation of an alternate method for deriving meaningful physical activity outcomes from accelerometer data collected with a wrist-worn accelerometer. This method uses machine learning to directly predict activity intensity. By so doing, this study provides a classification model that may avoid high errors present with energy expenditure prediction while still allowing researchers to assess adherence to physical activity guidelines.
Sex and nitric oxide bioavailability interact to modulate interstitial Po2in healthy rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Craig Jesse C. , Colburn Trenton D. , Hirai Daniel M. , Schettler Michael J. , Musch Timothy I. , Poole David C. 
Published: January 2018

Premenopausal women express reduced blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease relative to age-matched men. This purportedly relates to elevated estrogen levels increasing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO-mediated vasorelaxation. We tested the hypotheses that female rat skeletal muscle would: 1) evince a higher O2delivery-to-utilization ratio (Q̇o2/V̇o2) during contractions; and 2) express greater modulation of Q̇o2/V̇o2with changes to NO bioavailability compared with male rats. The spinotrapezius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats (females = 8, males = 8) was surgically exposed and electrically-stimulated (180 s, 1 Hz, 6 V). OxyphorG4 was injected into the muscle and phosphorescence quenching employed to determine the temporal profile of interstitial Po2(Po2is, determined by Q̇o2/V̇o2). This was performed under three conditions: control (CON), 300 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor), and 1.5 mM Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NOS blockade) superfusion. No sex differences were found for the Po2iskinetics parameters in CON or l-NAME ( P > 0.05), but females elicited a lower baseline following SNP (males 42 ± 3 vs. females 36 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). Females had a lower ΔPo2isduring contractions following SNP (males 22 ± 3 vs. females 17 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), but there were no sex differences for the temporal response to contractions ( P > 0.05). The total NO effect (SNP minus l-NAME) on Po2iswas not different between sexes. However, the spread across both conditions was shifted to a lower absolute range for females (reduced SNP baseline and greater reduction following l-NAME). These data support that females have a greater reliance on basal NO bioavailability and males have a greater responsiveness to exogenous NO and less responsiveness to reduced endogenous NO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interstitial Po2(Po2is; determined by O2delivery-to-utilization matching) plays an important role for O2flux into skeletal muscle. We show that both sexes regulate Po2isat similar levels at rest and during skeletal muscle contractions. However, modulating NO bioavailability exposes sex differences in this regulation with females potentially having a greater reliance on basal NO bioavailability and males having a greater responsiveness to exogenous NO and less responsiveness to reduced endogenous NO.
Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency Impairs Bone Marrow Myelopoiesis and Reduces Circulating Monocyte Levels
Authors: Chang Chuchun L. , Garcia-Arcos Itsaso , Nyrén Rakel , Olivecrona Gunilla , Kim Ji Young , Hu Yunying , Agrawal Rishi R. , Murphy Andrew J. , Goldberg Ira J. , Deckelbaum Richard J. 
Published: January 2018

Objective—
Tissue macrophages induce and perpetuate proinflammatory responses, thereby promoting metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LpL), the rate-limiting enzyme in blood triglyceride catabolism, is expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. We questioned whether LpL, which is also expressed in the bone marrow (BM), affects circulating white blood cells and BM proliferation and modulates macrophage retention within the artery.

Approach and Results—

We characterized blood and tissue leukocytes and inflammatory molecules in transgenic LpL knockout mice rescued from lethal hypertriglyceridemia within 18 hours of life by muscle-specific LpL expression (MCKL0 mice). LpL-deficient mice had ≈40% reduction in blood white blood cell, neutrophils, and total and inflammatory monocytes (Ly6C/G
hi
). LpL deficiency also significantly decreased expression of BM macrophage-associated markers (F4/80 and TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor α]), master transcription factors (PU.1 and C/EBPα), and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and their receptors, which are required for monocyte and monocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation. As a result, differentiation of macrophages from BM-derived monocyte progenitors and monocytes was decreased in MCKL0 mice. Furthermore, although LpL deficiency was associated with reduced BM uptake and accumulation of triglyceride-rich particles and macrophage CSF–macrophage CSF receptor binding, triglyceride lipolysis products (eg, linoleic acid) stimulated expression of macrophage CSF and macrophage CSF receptor in BM-derived macrophage precursor cells. Arterial macrophage numbers decreased after heparin-mediated LpL cell dissociation and by genetic knockout of arterial LpL. Reconstitution of LpL-expressing BM replenished aortic macrophage density.

Conclusions—
LpL regulates peripheral leukocyte levels and affects BM monocyte progenitor differentiation and aortic macrophage accumulation.
IL-35 (Interleukin-35) Suppresses Endothelial Cell Activation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Site-Specific Acetylation of H3K14 (Histone 3 Lysine 14)
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Shao Ying , Sha Xiaojin , Fang Pu , Kuo Yin-Ming , Andrews Andrew J. , Li Yafeng , Yang William Y. , Maddaloni Massimo , Pascual David W. , Luo Jin J. , Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Hong , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2018

Objective—
IL-35 (interleukin-35) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which inhibits immune responses by inducing regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and suppressing effector T cells and macrophages. It remains unknown whether atherogenic stimuli induce IL-35 and whether IL-35 inhibits atherogenic lipid-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation and atherosclerosis. EC activation induced by hyperlipidemia stimuli, including lysophosphatidylcholine is considered as an initiation step for monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the expression of IL-35 during early atherosclerosis and the roles and mechanisms of IL-35 in suppressing lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation.

Approach and Results—
Using microarray and ELISA, we found that IL-35 and its receptor are significantly induced during early atherosclerosis in the aortas and plasma of ApoE (apolipoprotein E) knockout mice—an atherosclerotic mouse model—and in the plasma of hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, we found that IL-35 suppresses lysophosphatidylcholine-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic ECs. Furthermore, our RNA-sequencing analysis shows that IL-35 selectively inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation-related genes, such as ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Mechanistically, using flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses, we found that IL-35 blocks lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which are required for the induction of site-specific H3K14 (histone 3 lysine 14) acetylation, increased binding of proinflammatory transcription factor AP-1 in the promoter of ICAM-1, and induction of ICAM-1 transcription in human aortic EC. Finally, IL-35 cytokine therapy suppresses atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE knockout mice.

Conclusions—
IL-35 is induced during atherosclerosis development and inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-H3K14 acetylation-AP-1–mediated EC activation.
Patients With Undetermined Stroke Have Increased Atrial Fibrosis
Authors: Fonseca Ana Catarina , Alves Pedro , Inácio Nuno , Marto João Pedro , Viana-Baptista Miguel , Pinho-e-Melo Teresa , Ferro José M. , Almeida Ana G. 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—
Some patients with ischemic strokes that are currently classified as having an undetermined cause may have structural or functional changes of the left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage, which increase their risk of thromboembolism. We compared the LA and left atrial appendage of patients with different ischemic stroke causes using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods—
We prospectively included a consecutive sample of ischemic stroke patients. Patients with structural changes on echocardiography currently considered as causal for stroke in the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification were excluded. A 3-T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed.

Results—

One hundred and eleven patients were evaluated. Patients with an undetermined cause had a higher percentage of LA fibrosis (
P
=0.03) than patients with other stroke causes and lower, although not statistically significant, values of LA ejection fraction. Patients with atrial fibrillation and undetermined stroke cause showed a similar value of atrial fibrosis.

Conclusions—
The LA phenotype that was found in patients with undetermined cause supports the hypothesis that an atrial disease may be associated with stroke.
Aristotle on the Senses of Nature and the Naturalness of the City
Authors: Chen Siyi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article defends Aristotle’s core argument for the naturalness of the city by offering a reconstruction of the connection and a demonstration of the consistency between this argument and its metaphysical foundation. The author argues that the city is natural in a strictly Aristotelian sense since its moving and final causes are intertwined in man’s evolving desire for good life and its historical satisfaction.
Meanings and experiences associated with computer use of older immigrant adults of lower socioeconomic status
Authors: Andonian Lynne C. 
Published: January 2018

Background. Immigrant older adults are a substantial demographic composing 12% to 30% of older adults in the United States and Canada, yet no research has addressed the meanings associated with computer use for low-socioeconomic-status and immigrant older adults. Purpose. The study explored the meanings, occupational engagement, and experiences associated with computer use. Method. A mixed-methods approach, qualitative participatory action research (photovoice) and survey (Computer Proficiency Questionnaire), was used. Data collection consisted of narratives, focus groups, and Likert scale responses for nine participants. Findings. The participants expressed the meanings they associated with computer use as freedom, personal growth, and engagement. Computers promote occupational engagement in social participation, education, and leisure. Implications. The findings of personal growth may inform occupational therapy interventions using computers to enable adjustment to changes related to aging and wellness. Social participation and education were motivators for computer use, which may inform computer engagement strategies for this population.
Performance verification of typical and design weather year by thermal load calculation targeting office building
Authors: Arima Yusuke , Ooka Ryozo , Kikumoto Hideki 
Published: January 2018

We proposed a new type of weather year data for building energy simulations named the typical and design weather year, which can be used for estimating both average and peak energy demand for one year of building energy simulation. The typical and design weather year is generated using a quantile mapping method. In this paper, we made the typical and design weather year for three cities, Tokyo, Sapporo, and Kagoshima, representing a wide range of climatic conditions in Japan, and evaluated its performance by conducting building energy simulations targeting prototypical office buildings. We found that the typical and design weather year was more than twice as accurate in estimating average energy demand as the existing typical weather year data. Typical and design weather year can also estimate peak energy demand with high accuracy. Practical application: The cumulative distribution functions of a target weather data set, on which quantile mapping is performed, are modified to consist entirely of parent multi-year weather data. Therefore, typical and design weather years based on quantile mapping are expected to be useful as versatile weather year data representing the various weather characteristics of multi-year conditions. In this study, we found that the typical and design weather year can estimate both average and peak energy demands in building energy simulations. New type of weather year data named the typical and design weather year can be used as both typical and design weather data.
Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort?
Authors: Shahzad Sally , Brennan John , Theodossopoulos Dimitris , Calautit John K , Hughes Ben R 
Published: January 2018

The neutral thermal sensation (neither cold, nor hot) is widely used through the application of the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale to assess thermal comfort. This study investigated the application of the neutral thermal sensation and it questions the reliability of any study that solely relies on neutral thermal sensation. Although thermal-neutrality has already been questioned, still most thermal comfort studies only use this measure to assess thermal comfort of the occupants. In this study, the connection of the occupant’s thermal comfort with thermal-neutrality was investigated in two separate contexts of Norwegian and British offices. Overall, the thermal environment of four office buildings was evaluated and 313 responses (three times a day) to thermal sensation, thermal preference, comfort, and satisfaction were recorded. The results suggested that 36% of the occupants did not want to feel neutral and they considered thermal sensations other than neutral as their comfort condition. Also, in order to feel comfortable, respondents reported wanting to feel different thermal sensations at different times of the day suggesting that occupant desire for thermal comfort conditions may not be as steady as anticipated. This study recommends that other measures are required to assess human thermal comfort, such as thermal preference. Practical application: This study questions the application of neutral thermal sensation as the measure of thermal comfort. The findings indicate that occupant may consider other sensations than neutral as comfortable. This finding directly questions the standard comfort zone (e.g. ASHRAE Standard 55) as well as the optimum temperature, as many occupants required different thermal sensations at different times of the day to feel comfortable. These findings suggest that a steady indoor thermal environment does not guarantee thermal comfort and variations in the room temperature, which can be controlled by the occupant, need to be considered as part of the building design.
Patient-satisfaction in an outpatient vein surgery office: A comparison of English- and Spanish-speaking patients
Authors: Vincent Benjamin , Thakur Vijaya , Thakur Anjani 
Published: January 2018

Background In spite of an increasing Latino population and accompanying rise in demand for health care, not much is known about patient-satisfaction in Spanish-speaking patients and how to improve patient-satisfaction when using interpreters. We sought to compare patient-satisfaction with vein surgery office visits between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking patients. Methods Directly before and after the office visit, 126 patients completed a socio-demographic survey, a five-point ordinal rating survey of physician and interpreter satisfaction with the encounter. Measures were satisfaction with the provider’s friendliness, respectfulness, concern, ability to make the patient comfortable, and time spent for the exam. Results When the provider was fluent in the language that the patient spoke, patients ( M = 4.954, SD = 0.21) were significantly more satisfied with their visit at VVHC than patients who required an interpreter ( M = 4.762, SD = 0.71), z = 2.230, p = 0.012. Spanish speaking patients were more likely to be satisfied with the visit when they felt their interpreter was friendly ( n = 58, p = 0.049). There was no difference found with regard to the provider being thoughtful and comforting. Conclusion Spanish-speaking patients are less satisfied with the care provided in a vein surgery office. Patients who communicated through an interpreter were less satisfied with the patient–provider relationship. In light of the growing diversity of the US population and the fact that patient-satisfaction is increasingly tied to reimbursement, additional research might identify potential areas of improvement for the surgeon, interpreter, and patient perspectives.
High-quality low-dose cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) in pediatric patients using a 64-slice scanner
Authors: Cannaò Paola Maria , Secchi Francesco , Alì Marco , D'Angelo Ida Daniela , Scarabello Marco , Di Leo Giovanni , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: January 2018

Background Cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) technology is rapidly advancing allowing to perform good quality examinations with a radiation dose as low as 1.2 mSv. However, latest generation scanners are not available in all centers. Purpose To estimate radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CCT using a standard 64-slice scanner. Material and Methods A total of 100 patients aged 6.9 ± 5.4 years (mean ± standard deviation) who underwent a 64-slice CCT scan using 80, 100, or 120 kVp, were retrospectively evaluated. Radiation effective dose was calculated on the basis of the dose length product. Two independent readers assessed the image quality through signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and a qualitative score (3 = very good, 2 = good, 1 = poor). Non-parametric tests were used. Results Fifty-five exams were not electrocardiographically (ECG) triggered, 20 had a prospective ECG triggering, and 25 had retrospective ECG triggering. The median effective dose was 1.3 mSv (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.8–2.7 mSv). Median SNR was 30.6 (IQR = 23.4–33.6) at 120 kVp, 29.4 (IQR = 23.7–34.8) at 100 kVp, and 24.7 (IQR = 19.4–34.3) at 80 kVp. Median CNR was 21.0 (IQR = 14.8–24.4), 19.1 (IQR = 15.6–23.9), and 25.3 (IQR = 19.4–33.4), respectively. Image quality was very good, good, and poor in 56, 39, and 5 patients, respectively. No significant differences were found among voltage groups for SNR ( P = 0.486), CNR ( P = 0.336), and subjective image quality ( P = 0.296). The inter-observer reproducibility was almost perfect (κ = 0.880). Conclusion High-quality pediatric CCT can be performed using a 64-slice scanner, with a radiation effective dose close to 2 mSv in about 50% of the cases.
An Atypical Rett Syndrome Phenotype Due to a Novel Missense Mutation in CACNA1A
Authors: Epperson Madison V. , Haws Michael E. , Standridge Shannon M. , Gilbert Donald L. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Some typical and atypical Rett syndrome patients lack known genetic mutations. Mutations in the P/Q type calcium channel CACNA1A have been implicated in epileptic encephalopathy, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia 2, and spinocerebellar ataxia 6, but not Rett syndrome. Patient Description: The authors describe a female patient with developmental regression and a de novo, likely pathogenic mutation in CACNA1A who meets 3 of 4 main criteria (stereotypic hand movements, loss of purposeful hand movements, gait disturbance), and 6 of 11 supportive criteria (impaired sleep, abnormal tone, vasomotor disturbance, scoliosis, growth retardation, and screaming spells) for atypical Rett syndrome. Furthermore, she resembles the early seizure variant of Rett syndrome. Previously, 3 children with similar CACNA1A mutations have been reported, but a Rett syndrome phenotype has not been described. Conclusion: CACNA1A mutations should be considered in children presenting with an atypical Rett syndrome phenotype, specifically, the early seizure variant.