bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic substructure in craniometric estimates of admixture for contemporary American populations
Authors: Algee‐Hewitt Bridget F. B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates heterogeneity in craniometrically‐derived estimates of admixture in order to reveal population substructure in a sample of Black, White, Hispanic, and Native American individuals from the FDB. It reports evidence of spatial trends in population‐specific patterns of admixture and contextualizes its results in terms of demographic diversity in the United States.Materials and MethodsThe FDB was sampled to capture the population variation within forensic casework, skeletal collections, and the U.S. population‐at‐large. Individuals were selected for the availability of population identifier, sex, and geographic information. Variation in inferred admixture proportions was evaluated, per population and by sex, for evidence of geographic substructure. Comparative data was sourced from the U.S. Census.ResultsThis analysis identifies significant associations between the estimated Black, Native American and White component memberships and place of birth and recovery. The sampled populations differ significantly in admixture proportions, in a systematic way. Admixture patterns vary in accordance with the densities and relative proportions of the U.S. census populations.DiscussionThere is considerable variation in admixture estimates, not just between, but notably within, all four of the populations. This substructure can be explained by differences in geography, including regions, divisions, and states. This article's findings agree with census trends and speak broadly to admixture dynamics and ancestral diversity among contemporary Americans. They are also specifically relevant to those cases in the FDB. The presence of subpopulations has implications for cranial research, forensic identification, and studies of biological variation in the United States.
Measuring fitness heritability: Life history traits versus morphological traits in humans
Authors: Gavrus‐Ion Alina , Sjøvold Torstein , Hernández Miguel , González‐José Rolando , Esteban Torné María Esther , Martínez‐Abadías Neus , Esparza Mireia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesTraditional interpretation of Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection is that life history traits (LHT), which are closely related with fitness, show lower heritabilities, whereas morphological traits (MT) are less related with fitness and they are expected to show higher heritabilities. In humans, although few studies have examined the heritability of LHT and MT, none of them have analyzed the same sample for comparative purposes. Here we assessed, for the first time, the heritability, additive genetic variance (VA), residual variance (VR) and coefficient of genetic additive variation (CVA) values of LHT and MT in a singular collection of identified skulls with associated demographic records from Hallstatt (Austria).Materials and MethodsLHT, such as lifespan, number of offspring, age at birth of first and last child, reproductive span, and lifetime reproductive success, were estimated from 18,134 individuals from the Hallstatt Catholic parish records, which represent seven generations and correspond to a time span of 400 years. MT were assessed through 17 craniofacial indices and 7 angles obtained from 355 adult crania from the same population. Heritability, VA, VR, and CVA values of LHT and MT were calculated using restricted maximum likelihood methods.ResultsLHT heritabilities ranged from 2.3 to 34% for the whole sample, with men showing higher heritabilities (4–45%) than women (0‐23.7%). Overall, MT presented higher heritability values than most of LHT, ranging from 0 to 40.5% in craniofacial indices, and from 13.8 to 32.4% in craniofacial angles. LHT showed considerable additive genetic variance values, similar to MT, but also high environmental variance values, and most of them presenting a higher evolutionary potential than MT.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that, with the exception of lifespan, LHT show lower heritability values, than MT. The lower heritability of LHT is explained by a higher influence of environmental and cultural factors.
Decarboxylative Alkynylation
Authors: Smith Joel M. , Qin Tian , Merchant Rohan R. , Edwards Jacob T. , Malins Lara R. , Liu Zhiqing , Che Guanda , Shen Zichao , Shaw Scott A. , Eastgate Martin D. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development of a new decarboxylative cross‐coupling method that affords terminal and substituted alkynes from various carboxylic acids is described using both nickel‐ and iron‐based catalysts. The use of N‐hydroxytetrachlorophthalimide (TCNHPI) esters is crucial to the success of the transformation, and the reaction is amenable to in situ carboxylic acid activation. Additionally, an inexpensive, commercially available alkyne source is employed in this formal homologation process that serves as a surrogate for other well‐established alkyne syntheses. The reaction is operationally simple and broad in scope while providing succinct and scalable avenues to previously reported synthetic intermediates.
Durch Sauerstoff‐Leerstellen vermittelte Photokatalyse mit BiOCl: Reaktivität, Selektivität und Ausblick
Authors: Li Hao , Li Jie , Ai Zhihui , Jia Falong , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie Halbleiter‐Photokatalyse ist eine vielversprechende Methode für die Nutzung von Sonnenlicht für Energieumwandlungen. Ihre Effizienz ist derzeit jedoch aufgrund einer begrenzten Lichtreaktion und/oder der ausgeprägten Rekombination der Ladungsträger noch unbefriedigend. Moderne Charakterisierungstechniken sowie Berechnungen der elektronischen Struktur zeigen, dass selbst winzige Konzentrationen von Sauerstoff‐Leerstellen (“oxygen vacancies”, OVs) auf der Oberfläche realer Photokatalysatoren deren Kinetik und Energetik sowie die Mechanismen photokatalytischer Reaktionen entscheidend beeinflussen können. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die inhärente photokatalytische Funktionalität von OVs auf BiOCl‐Oberflächen auf molekularer Ebene dar. Die Korrelation zwischen der Struktur der OVs und Reaktivität sowie Selektivität photokatalytischer Reaktionen wird am Beispiel von OVs auf prototypischen BiOCl‐Flächen eingehend diskutiert.
A DNA Structure Containing AgI‐Mediated G:G and C:C Base Pairs
Authors: Liu Hehua , Shen Fusheng , Haruehanroengra Phensinee , Yao Qingqing , Cheng Yunshan , Chen Yiqing , Yang Chun , Zhang Jing , Wu Baixing , Luo Qiang , Cui Ruixue , Li Jixi , Ma Jinbiao , Sheng Jia , Gan Jianhua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMetal‐mediated base pairs have been extensively utilized in many research fields, including genetic‐code extension, novel therapeutics development, and nanodevice design. Compared to other cations, AgI is more flexible in pairing with natural base pairs. Herein, we present a DNA structure containing two C‐AgI‐C pairs and the first reported G‐AgI‐G pair in a short 8mer DNA strand. This structure not only provides detailed insight into these AgI‐mediated base‐pairing patterns in DNA, but also represents the first nonhelical DNA structure driven by heavy‐metal ions, thus further contributing to the structural diversity of DNA. This unique complex structure is highly sequence‐dependent, thus implying functional potentials as a new DNA aptamer that can bind and recognize silver ions. These results not only advance our understanding of the interactions between AgI and nucleobases, but also provide a unique structural component for the rational design of new DNA nanodevices.
Phosphonium Salts as Pseudohalides: Regioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Complex Pyridines and Diazines
Authors: Zhang Xuan , McNally Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHeterobiaryls are important pharmacophores that are challenging to prepare by traditional cross‐coupling methods. An alternative approach is presented where pyridines and diazines are converted into heteroaryl phosphonium salts and coupled with aryl boronic acids. Nickel catalysts are unique for selective heteroaryl transfer, and the reaction has a broad substrate scope that includes complex pharmaceuticals. Phosphonium ions also display orthogonal reactivity in cross‐couplings compared to halides, enabling chemoselective palladium‐ and nickel‐catalyzed coupling sequences.
Exposure to Sodium Valproate during Pregnancy: Facial Features and Signs of Autism
Authors: Stadelmaier Rachel , Nasri Hanah , Deutsch Curtis K. , Bauman Margaret , Hunt Anne , Stodgell Christopher J , Adams Jane , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundValproic acid (VPA) is the most teratogenic anticonvulsant drug in clinical use today. Children exposed prenatally to VPA have previously been shown to have dysmorphic craniofacial features, identified subjectively but not by anthropometric methods. Exposure to VPA has also been associated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An increased cephalic index (the ratio of the cranial lateral width to the cranial anterior–posterior length) has been observed in children with ASD.MethodsForty‐seven children exposed to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy were evaluated for dysmorphic facial features, identified subjectively and by measurements. Each VPA‐exposed child was evaluated for ASD using the Social Communication Questionnaire, Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The same physical examination was carried out on an unexposed comparison group of 126 children. The unexposed children also had testing for cognitive performance by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.ResultsSeveral dysmorphic craniofacial features, including telecanthus, wide philtrum, and increased length of the upper lip were identified subjectively. Anthropometric measurements confirmed the increased intercanthal distance and documented additional findings, including an increased cephalic index and decreased head circumference/height index. There were no differences between the craniofacial features of VPA‐exposed children with and without ASD.ConclusionAn increased frequency of dysmorphic craniofacial features was identified in children exposed to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy. The most consistent finding was a larger cephalic index, which indicates a disproportion of increased width of the skull relative to the shortened anterior–posterior length. Birth Defects Research 109:1134–1143, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles obtained from charcoal via green methods and their application for sensing Fe3+ in an aqueous medium
Authors: Patidar Rajesh , Rebary Babulal , Sanghani Dhruti A. , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Paul Parimal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo green methods (microwave and hydrothermal) were employed for the preparation of water dispersible fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) from activated charcoal. Microwave and hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanoparticles, (MW‐CNPs) and (HT‐CNPs), respectively were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. A detailed study of their fluorescence characteristics was made. MW‐CNPs and HT‐CNPs were tested for metal ion selectivity in aqueous medium. MW‐CNPs showed selectivity for Fe3+ among the tested metal ions and important studies such as for interference, linear range and limit of detection were carried out. The application of MW‐CNPs for detection of Fe3+ in water was demonstrated.
Microbial lipopeptide production and purification bioprocesses, current progress and future challenges
Authors: Coutte François , Lecouturier Didier , Dimitrov Krasimir , Guez Jean‐Sébastien , Delvigne Frank , Dhulster Pascal , Jacques Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLipopeoptides are amphiphilic compounds combining interesting physicochemical properties and biological activities. Due to their high foaming capacity in aerated bioreactor, the development of scalable bioprocesses for their production is a major bottleneck. In addition, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these lipopeptides are mainly regulated by the quorum sensing, a global regulatory mechanism depending on cell density and known to be activated in biofilms. Several approaches have thus been considered in literature taking into account two criteria, on one side, to favor, control or avoid foam formation and on the other side, to use planktonic or immobilized (biofilm) cells. These different bioprocesses are discussed in the present review along with the purification strategies proposed for extracting and concentrating these biosurfactants.
Melanoma complicating treatment with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis: A report from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR)
Authors: Sabol Rachel A. , Noxon Virginia , Sartor Oliver , Berger Joseph R. , Qureshi Zaina , Raisch Dennis W. , Norris LeAnn B. , Yarnold Paul R. , Georgantopoulos Peter , Hrushesky William J. , Bobolts Laura , Ray Paul , Lebby Akida , Kane Robert C. , Bennett Charles L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 43‐year‐old female with multiple sclerosis developed urethral melanoma. The only potential risk factor was treatment with natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against α4 integrins. To investigate the risk‐exposure relationship, we reviewed this case, all other published cases, and cases of natalizumab‐associated melanoma reported to regulatory agencies. Data sources included the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (2004–2014), a FDA Advisory Committee Meeting Report, and peer‐reviewed publications. In the United States, the manufacturer maintains an FDA‐mandated Tysabri Safety Surveillance Program (part of the Tysabri Outcomes Unified Commitment to Health (TOUCH)) of natalizumab‐treated patients. We statistically compared reporting completeness for natalizumab‐associated melanoma cases in FAERs for which information was obtained entirely from the TOUCH program versus cases where FAERS information was supplemented by TOUCH program information. FAERS included 137 natalizumab‐associated melanoma reports in patients with multiple sclerosis. Median age at melanoma diagnosis was 45 years (range: 21–74 years). Changes in preexisting nevi occurred in 16%, history of cutaneous nevi occurred in 22%, diagnosis within 2 years of beginning natalizumab occurred in 34%, and 74% had primary surgical treatment. Among seven natalizumab‐treated MS patients who developed biopsy‐confirmed melanoma on treatment and reported in the literature, median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range: 38–48 years); and the melanoma diagnosis occurred following a median of 12 natalizumab doses (range: 1–77 doses). A history of mole or nevi was noted in four patients and a history of prior melanoma was noted in one patient. Completeness scores for reports were significantly lower for FAERS cases reported from the TOUCH program versus FAERS cases supplemented by TOUCH information (median score of 2 vs. 4 items out of 8‐possible items, P < 0.0007). Clinicians should monitor existing nevi and maintain suspicion for melanoma developing in natalizumab‐treated patients. The TOUCH Safety Surveillance Program, currently focused on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, should be expanded to include information on other serious complications including malignancies, particularly if they are immunologic in nature.
Stable Bromiranium Ions with Weakly‐Coordinating Counterions as Efficient Electrophilic Brominating Agents
Authors: Ascheberg Christoph , Bock Jonathan , Buß Florenz , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Bergander Klaus , Dielmann Fabian , Hennecke Ulrich 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectrophilic halogenating agents are an important class of reagents in chemical synthesis. Herein, we show that sterically demanding bromiranium ions with weakly coordinating counterions are highly reactive electrophilic brominating agents. Despite their high reactivity these reagents are stable, in one case even under ambient conditions and can be applied in electrophilic halogenations of alkenes as well as heteroatoms.
Trifluoromethyl‐ and Fluoroalkylselenolations of Alkynyl Copper(I) Compounds
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Billard Thierry , Tlili Anis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe successful perfluoroalkylselenolation of alkynyl copper(I) compounds is described herein. The reaction occurs under oxidant free conditions at room temperature. This convenient one‐pot procedure is based on the in situ generation of trifluoromethylselenyl chlorides. The developed system shows high functional group tolerance and also promotes the employment of fluoroalkyl derivatives.
Facile Synthesis and Chain‐Length Dependence of the Optical and Structural Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Oligomers
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tushita , Puttaraju Boregowda , Roy Palas , Dasgupta Jyotishman , Meyer Andreas , Rudnick Alexander , Tscheuschner Steffen , Kahle Frank‐Julian , Köhler Anna , Patil Satish 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHere, we report the synthesis, optical properties, and solid‐state packing of monodisperse oligomers of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) up to five repeating units. The optical properties of DPP oligomers in solution and the solid state were investigated by a combination of steady‐state and transient spectroscopy. Transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases with an increase in the oligomer size from monomer to trimer, thereby reaching saturation for pentameric DPP oligomers. The solid‐state packing and crystallinity were probed by using advanced techniques, which included grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the structure–property trend. Collectively, our chain‐length dependent studies establish the fundamental correlation between the structure and property and provide a comprehensive understanding of the solid‐state properties in DPP–DPP based conjugated systems.
The time dependency predictive model on the basis of community detection and long‐short term memory
Authors: Zhang Gaowei , Xu Lingyu , Xue Yunlan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe construction of complex networks in current financial data does not take into account the energy characteristics that exist in similar stocks. Without considering the stock network as a kind of asymmetric directed network, most of the existing researches only measure the importance of nodes from the nodes degree in the network, lack of comprehensive consideration of structure and function. Second, for the division of the community, many algorithms are based on the number of community is known, and the network is unweighted and undirected. Based on the entropy analysis of information theory, in this paper we study the complexity and information flow of stock time series and construct the stock influence network on the basis of transfer entropy. By combining the structural features and functional characteristics of complex networks, we find the relationship between stocks. At last we design and verify the forecasting ability of the proposed long‐ and short‐memory model.
Budget‐constraint stochastic task scheduling on heterogeneous cloud systems
Authors: Tang Xiaoyong , Li Xiaochun , Fu Zhuojun 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn the past few years, more and more business‐to‐consumer and enterprise applications run in the heterogeneous clouds. Such cloud bag‐of‐tasks applications are usually budget constrained, and their scheduling is an essential problem for cloud provider. The problem is even more complex and challenging when the accurate knowledge about task execution time is unknown in advance. Focusing on these challenges, we first build a cloud resource management architecture and stochastic task model, which divides cloud task into two execution parts. Then, we deduce bag‐of‐tasks applications' schedule length (Makespan) and total cost according to heterogeneous clouds' online feedback information of task first part execution. Thirdly, we formulate this stochastic scheduling problem as a linear programming problem. Lastly, we propose a time and cost multiobjective stochastic task scheduling genetic algorithm, in which can find Pareto optimal schedules for stochastic cloud task that meet its budget constraint. The extensive simulation experiments were carried out on a heterogeneous cloud platform with 400 virtual machines, and tasks were derived from Parallel Workloads Archive and the analysis data of real‐world cloud systems. The experimental results show that our proposed stochastic task scheduling genetic algorithm can get shorter schedule length and lower cost with task budget constraints.
A novel meta‐analytical approach to improve systematic review of rates and patterns of microevolution
Authors: Gorné Lucas D. , Díaz Sandra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA classic topic in ecology and evolution, phenotypic microevolution of quantitative traits has received renewed attention in the face of rapid global environmental change. However, for plants, synthesis has been hampered by the limited use of standard metrics, which makes it difficult to systematize empirical information. Here we demonstrate the advantages of incorporating meta‐analysis tools to the review of microevolutionary rates. We perform a systematic survey of the plant literature on microevolution of quantitative traits over known periods of time, based on the scopus database. We quantify the amount of change by standard mean difference and develop a set of effect sizes to analyze such data. We show that applying meta‐analysis tools to a systematic literature review allows the extraction of a much larger volume of information than directly calculating microevolutionary rates. We also propose derived meta‐analysis effect sizes (h, LG and LR) which are appropriate for the study of evolutionary patterns, the first being similar to haldanes, the second and third allowing the application of a preexisting analytical framework for the inference of evolutionary mechanisms. This novel methodological development is applicable to the study of microevolution in any taxa. To pilot test it, we built an open‐access database of 1,711 microevolutionary rates of 152 angiosperm species from 128 studies documenting population changes in quantitative traits following an environmental novelty with a known elapsed time (<260 years). The performance of the metrics proposed (h, LG and LR) is similar to that of preexisting ones, and at the same time they bring the advantages of lower estimation bias and higher number of usable observations typical of meta‐analysis.
Self‐Disgust within Eating Disordered Groups: Associations with Anxiety, Disgust Sensitivity and Sensory Processing
Authors: Bell Katie , Coulthard Helen , Wildbur Diane 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the relationship between self‐disgust and sensory processing within eating psychopathology. Five hundred and ninety‐one women with a self‐reported diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or who had no previous history of an eating disorder completed a battery of online questionnaires measuring disgust, emotion and sensory variables. Those with an eating disorder reported significantly higher rates of self‐disgust than those with no history of disordered eating. In groups of women with self‐reported bulimia, self‐disgust was associated with sensation avoidance and sensation seeking. Within the group with anorexia nervosa, self‐disgust was associated with low registration and sensation seeking. This report is the first to examine the expression of the emotion self‐disgust within eating psychopathology and examine associations of this factor with sensory processing. The emotion self‐disgust needs to be further examined to understand its possible role in the onset and maintenance of disordered eating. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.