bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Krzastek Sarah C. , Bruch William M. , Robinson Samuel P. , Young Harold F. , Klausner Adam P. 
Published: August 2016

AIMSThe purpose of this study was to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).METHODSPatients with new‐onset iNPH were prospectively evaluated for LUTS via detailed history and physical, and administration of questionnaires from the International Consultation on Incontinence to assess incontinence (ICIq‐UI), overactive bladder (ICIq‐OAB), and quality of life (ICIq‐LUTqol), as well as the American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scale. All patients with moderate‐to‐severe LUTS were offered urodynamic testing. Sub‐analysis was performed based on gender, medical comorbidities, and age.RESULTSFifty‐five consecutive patients with iNPH completed the initial evaluation and surveys. Total urinary incontinence score was mild to moderate (8.71 ± 0.64: 0–21 scale) with 90.9% experiencing leakage and 74.5% reporting urge incontinence. The most common OAB symptom was nocturia (2.2 ± 0.14: 0–4 scale) with urge incontinence the most bothersome (3.71 ± 0.44: 0–10 scale). Quality‐of‐life impact was moderate (4.47 ± 0.4: 0–10 scale) and American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scale was 2.89 ± 0.22 (0–6 scale). Urodynamics testing revealed 100% detrusor overactivity and mean bladder capacity of 200 mL. Several differences were identified based on gender, medical comorbidities, and age.CONCLUSIONSPatients with iNPH present with mild‐moderate incontinence of which nocturia is the most common symptom, urge incontinence the most bothersome, with 100% of patients having detrusor overactivity. Younger patients experienced greater bother related to LUTS. To our knowledge, this is the only prospective evaluation of urinary symptoms in patients with new‐onset iNPH.
Weight loss among women and men in the ASPIRE‐VA behavioral weight loss intervention trial
Authors: Vimalananda Varsha , Damschroder Laura , Janney Carol A. , Goodrich David , Kim H. Myra , Holleman Robert , Gillon Leah , Lutes Lesley 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveWeight loss was examined among women and men veterans in a clinical trial comparing Aspiring for Lifelong Health (ASPIRE), a “small changes” weight loss program using either mixed‐sex group‐visit or telephone‐based coaching, to MOVE!®, the usual mixed‐sex group‐based program.MethodsLinear mixed‐effects models were used to calculate adjusted percent weight change at 12 months by sex and compare outcomes across arms within sex.ResultsAnalyses included 72 women (ASPIRE‐Phone = 26; ASPIRE‐Group = 26; MOVE! = 20) and 409 men (ASPIRE‐Phone = 136; ASPIRE‐Group = 134; MOVE! = 139). At 12 months, women displayed significant weight loss from baseline in ASPIRE‐Group (−2.6%) and MOVE! (−2.7%), but not ASPIRE‐Phone (+0.2%). Between‐arm differences in weight change among women were: ASPIRE‐Group versus ASPIRE‐Phone, −2.8% (P = 0.15); MOVE! versus ASPIRE‐Phone, −2.8% (P = 0.20); and ASPIRE‐Group versus MOVE!, 0.0% (P = 1.0). At 12 months, men lost significant weight from baseline across arms (ASPIRE‐Phone, −1.5%; ASPIRE‐Group, −2.5%; MOVE!, −1.0%). Between‐arm differences in weight change among men were: ASPIRE‐Group versus ASPIRE‐Phone, −0.9% (P = 0.23); MOVE! versus ASPIRE‐Phone, +0.5% (P = 0.76); ASPIRE‐Group versus MOVE!, −1.5% (P = 0.03).ConclusionsMixed‐sex, group‐based programs can result in weight loss for both women and men veterans.
1H‐MRS measured ectopic fat in liver and muscle is associated with the metabolic syndrome in Danish girls but not in boys with overweight and obesity
Authors: Nissen A. , Fonvig C. E. , Chabanova E. , Bøjsøe C. , Trier C. , Pedersen O. , Hansen T. , Thomsen H. S. , Holm J. ‐C. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complication to overweight and obesity, which can be observed already in childhood. Ectopic lipid accumulation in muscle and liver has been shown to associate with the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Thus, the interaction between MetS and ectopic fat may offer clinical relevance.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of MetS, or components hereof, and ectopic fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle tissue in children, as well as interactions between these.MethodsTwo‐hundred‐and‐sixteen children and adolescents (95 boys) with overweight/obesity were investigated, as well as 47 controls (22 boys) with normal weight. The assessments included anthropometry, fasting blood biochemistry and blood pressure measurements. Liver and muscle lipid contents were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.ResultsWe observed an odds ratio in girls with overweight/obesity of 12.2 (95% confidence interval: [3.8; 49.0]) for exhibiting MetS when hepatic steatosis was present, whereas no association was observed in boys with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 0.7 [0.2; 2.7]). The odds ratio of exhibiting MetS in the presence of muscular steatosis was 3.5 [1.4; 9.5] in girls with overweight/obesity and 1.0 [0.2; 5.6] in boys with overweight/obesity. Similar results were seen for girls with overweight/obesity exhibiting concurrent hepatic and muscular steatoses.ConclusionHepatic and muscular steatoses were associated with MetS among girls, but not among boys with overweight/obesity.
Numerical simulation of mega steel reinforced concrete columns with different steel sections
Authors: Jiang Huanjun , Li Yinghui , Zhu Jianmei 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn recent years, the mega steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns have been applied in super‐tall buildings. The previous research on SRC columns mainly focuses on the components with simple arrangement of encased steel, such as H‐shaped steel and cross‐shaped steel, with little attention paid to mega SRC columns that always have complicated encased steel and large steel ratio. The cyclic loading tests were carried out on scaled mega SRC column specimens with different cross‐section type of encased steel and steel ratio. The nonlinear three‐dimensional finite element and fiber element models were established respectively to simulate the inelastic behavior of mega SRC columns. The equivalent plastic strain of concrete, steel and rebar as well as the confinement effect on the concrete caused by the rebar and the steel plate were analyzed subsequently. By using the verified numerical model, the seismic behavior of specimens with different axial compression ratio was also studied. The test and analysis results indicate that the steel ratio and axial compression ratio have significant effects on the seismic performance of mega SRC columns, while the effect of cross‐section type of encased steel is not significant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Looking for the Word “Angiogenesis” in the History of Health Sciences: From Ancient Times to the First Decades of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Natale Gianfranco , Bocci Guido , Lenzi Paola 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis review deals with the origin of the term “angiogenesis”, with an attention to John Hunter who is credited with this neologism. A part of the literature refers to a Hunter’s work dating 1787, and the other part claims the first use of the term “angiogenesis” in the Hunter’s masterpiece published in 1794. Since we were unable to find the term “angiogenesis” in Hunter’s works, this review attempts to bring a new contribution to the historical research of this important concept, moving from ancient times to the first decades of the twentieth century, when “angiogenesis” begun to appear on titles of scientific articles. The development of the knowledge on the cardiocirculatory system and the principal steps of this fascinating subject were examined, with particular regard to microvascular bed and vessel sprouting, and to the intriguing observations on blood vessel neoformation that have been also made in the premicroscopic era. In Hunter’s works, the concept of angiogenesis indeed emerges, but not the term “angiogenesis”. The scientific language occurring during Hunter’s time was still old‐fashioned, and the term “angiogenesis” was not one of those he used, rather a much later neologism that sounds too modern to appear in that context. Would the first appearance of the term “angiogenesis” occur in late nineteenth century in studies dealing with embryogenesis and organ vascularization? The present study aims to explore the scientific literature and to open a debate to better define this matter.
Experimental study and isolation mechanism analysis on emulsion wax curing agent used on cement-stabilized granular base
Authors: Yuan Jianbo , Zhang Taoyu , Yao Jialiang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Based on the analysis in the mechanism of emulsion wax curing agent (EWCA) which was regarded as bond-breaking layer of concrete pavement, tests for shear stress, penetration test, pendulum friction coefficient test and sliding friction coefficient test are operated. Indexes for tests are measured after the spraying of EWCA on cement-stabilized granular base (CSGB). Compared with base do not have bond-breaking layer, test results indicated that bond stress, friction coefficients and permeability coefficients had been separately reduced by 64, 62 and 9 % with the help of EWCA. As a result it will improve the impermeability of CSGB. Pendulum friction coefficient test and sliding friction coefficient test are conducted, on cement-stabilized base’s surface with different texture depth 3 days after the spraying of EWCA. According to variation of sliding friction coefficient and British Pendulum Number (BPN), it can be concluded that they will decrease as increasing of spraying dosage and tend to stable finally. Field interlayer tangential bond force test with EWCA being sprayed on lean concrete base (texture depth <0.3) is performed. The results indicates: spraying time has significant effect on jacking force; wearing after form the film and rainfall have less effect on jacking force. The experimental results indicate that longer the time interval (from spraying the EWCA to pouring the pavement), the worse the effect of isolation. As a conclusion of engineering, the construction of isolation layer should be finished a few days before the construction of pavement.
A systematic review of community‐based parenting interventions for adolescents with challenging behaviours
Authors: Medlow Sharon , Klineberg Emily , Jarrett Carmen , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTParenting skills training is an established means of treating challenging behaviours among young children, but there has been limited research on its efficacy when used to treat challenging adolescent behaviour. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of community‐based parenting interventions designed for families with adolescents, as judged in terms of increased knowledge and skills among parents, improvements in adolescent behaviour, and program feasibility within community settings. Results indicated that intervention group parents typically made greater gains than did control group parents on measures of good parenting, with positive flow‐on effects to some aspects of challenging adolescent behaviours. Limited evidence suggests that group and individual intervention formats may be equally effective and that there is no advantage to the participation of the target adolescent in the intervention.
Isotope Lu–Hf composition of detrital zircon from paragneisses of the Sharyzhalgai uplift: evidence for the Paleoproterozoic crustal growth
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Berezhnaya N.G. , Sukhorukov V.P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We present results of study of the trace-element and Lu–Hf isotope compositions of zircons from Paleoproterozoic high-grade metasedimentary rocks (paragneisses) of the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton (Irkut terrane of the Sharyzhalgai uplift). Metamorphic zircons are represented by rims and multifaceted crystals dated at ~1.85 Ga. They are depleted in either LREE or HREE as a result of subsolidus recrystallization and/or synchronous formation with REE-concentrating garnet or monazite. In contrast to the metamorphic zircons, the detrital cores are enriched in HREE and have high (Lu/Gd)n ratios, which is typical of igneous zircon. The weak positive correlation between 176Lu/177Hf and 176Hf/177Hf in the zircon cores evidences that their Hf isotope composition evolved through radioactive decay in the closed system. Therefore, the isotope parameters of these zircons can give an insight into the provenance of metasedimentary rocks. The Paleoproterozoic detrital zircon cores from paragneisses, dated at ~2.3–2.4 and 2.0–1.95 Ga, are characterized by a wide range of εHf values (from +9.8 to –3.3) and model age THfC = 2.8–2.0 Ga. The provenance of these detrital zircons included both rocks with juvenile isotope parameters and rocks resulted from the recycling of the Archean crust with a varying contribution of juvenile material. Zircons with high positive εHf values were derived from the juvenile Paleoproterozoic crustal sources, whereas the lower εHf and higher THfC values for zircons suggest the contribution of the Archean crustal source to the formation of their magmatic precursors. Thus, at the Paleoproterozoic stage of evolution of the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton, both crustal recycling and crustal growth through the contribution of juvenile material took place. On the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton, detrital zircons with ages of ~2.3–2.4 and 1.95–2.0 Ga are widespread in Paleoproterozoic paragneisses of the Irkut and Angara–Kan terranes and in terrigenous rocks of the Urik–Iya graben, which argues for their common and, most likely, proximal provenances. In the time of metamorphism (1.88–1.85 Ga), the age of Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons (2.4–2.0 Ga), and their Lu–Hf isotope composition (εHf values ranging from positive to negative values) the paragneisses of the southwestern margin of the Siberian craton are similar to the metasedimentary rocks of the Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts of the North China Craton. In the above two regions, the sources of detrital zircons formed by both the reworking of the Archean crust and the contribution of juvenile material, which is evidence for the crustal growth in the period 2.4–2.0 Ga.
Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the modern sediments of Amur Bay (the Japan/East Sea)
Authors: Aksentov K.I. , Sattarova V.V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The distribution of REE in the bottom sediments of Amur Bay accumulated over the last 100 years was studied, and the REE contents were evaluated. The REE contents normalized to North American Shale Composite (NASC) show a negative Ce anomaly and a predominance of LREE and MREE. The inflow and accumulation of REE in the bottom sediments are influenced mainly by natural sources, whereas their dependence on anthropogenic factors is minimal.
Paleoseismological and archaeoseismological data from the western Alabash–Konurolen intramontane basin (southern Lake Issyk Kul area,Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Deev E.V. , Turova I.V. , Korzhenkov A.M. , Luzhansky D.V. , Gladkov A.S. , Rodkin M.V. , Abdieva S.V. , Mažeika J.V. , Rogozhin E.A. , Fortuna A.B. , Muraliev A.M. , Charimov T.A. , Yudakhin A.S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPaleoseismological and archaeoseismological studies have furnished proof that the northern border of the Alabash–Konurolen basin is thrusting over the basin sediments. The sediments store a record of two earthquakes that occurred between 8400 and 7300 yr BP and presumably in the 16th century. The minimum magnitude of the latter earthquake was estimated, based on the length (2.3 km) of the fault scarp it produced and the amount of displacement (0.4 m) on the respective reverse plane, to range within 6.6–6.8. The older event was of about the same minimum magnitude. The results call for a revision of the existing seismic risk division of Kyrgyzstan that places the Alabash–Konurolen basin into a zone of M ≤ 6.5 seismicity.
Commemorating John F. MacDonald and the Art of Being a Mentor
Authors: Jackson Michael F. , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractJohn F. MacDonald was a close friend and mentor whose life was ended far too soon on April 22, 2014. To those who knew him, John was an endearing blend of fiery Scotsman, compassionate socialist, dedicated family man, and tireless investigator. Those close to him valued his loyalty and friendship, relished his biting wit, and puzzled at his self-deprecating manner. His career spanned a remarkable period of discovery from the early identification of excitatory amino acid, to the molecular cloning and characterization of glutamate receptors and the elucidation of mechanisms responsible for regulating their function. A true pioneer in each of these areas, John’s research has had a lasting impact on our understanding of excitatory synaptic transmission and its plasticity. Our intent in commemorating John’s work is to focus on some notable discoveries that highlight the impact and innovative aspects of John’s work. In doing so, we also wish to highlight just how greatly our understanding of the glutamate transmitter systems has advanced since the late 1970s, when John first launched his independent neuroscience career.
Office Premiums for Policies for Children.
Authors: Fielder W. C. 
Published: August 2016

The usual form of contract provides for the payment of the sum assured if the child survive the selected period with a death benefit of—(a) A return of all the premiums paid, or(b) A return of all the premiums paid accumulated at a low rate of interest, say, 2 %.In view of the nature of the death benefit and the fact that the commission (usually 2½% of the premiums) and expenses are small, it is usual to ignore mortality and charge a premium based on interest only, the net 3 % rate being fairly common. Expenses and profit are derived from surplus interest. Sometimes a procuration fee of 10s. is payable, with renewal commission of 2½ %, and in such a case the question of adjusting the rates must be considered, particularly if the death benefit includes interest.
Some Distinctive Features of Collecting Friendly Societies.
Authors: Peters C. F. 
Published: August 2016

The most convenient way of explaining the special features of Collecting Friendly Societies is, I think, by contrasting them with (I.) Other Friendly Societies, and (II.) Industrial Assurance Companies.Under Section 8 of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, a comprehensive list of the objects of Friendly Societies is given, but the Collecting Friendly Societies have practically limited their objects to Death Benefits and Endowments. This limitation is important, as it accounts to a large extent for the characteristic features of Collecting Societies.In the Friendly Societies Act there is a provision that all expenses of administration are to be met entirely out of a separate Management Fund, but there is no restriction as to the amount of that fund nor how it is to be built up. All Friendly Societies are allowed to make their own arrangements in their rules.
The Contributory Pensions Act, 1925
Authors: Hocking W. S. 
Published: August 2016

In reading the following remarks, three considerations should be clearly borne in mind.Firstly, it has been necessary to describe some of the benefits valued, but this description in no way purports to be an authoritative interpretation of the Act, nor in fact could it be.Secondly, any opinions expressed are entirely personal ones and have no official authority.Thirdly, the examples given are merely specimens of the way in which official statistics may be used to obtain the required functions. Since each computation was part of an enormous mass of co-related calculations, it has not always been possible to divorce a particular problem from its context, and the examples must be taken neither as necessarily the best methods to apply in all circumstances nor indeed as being in all cases the methods adopted where actually the function in question was developed from another which was already available.
The Continuous Annuity Investigation
Authors: Oakley H. J. P. 
Published: August 2016

The first investigation to be made on the continuous plan adopted by the Institute and Faculty has been that into the Annuity experience for the period immediately following the close of the investigation into the Mortality of Annuitants 1900-1920 (which traced the experience of individual annuities).There were three very good reasons for this:—(1) The investigation could proceed while data relating to Assured lives were being collected (the Continuous Annuity Experience dates from 1921 while the Assured lives will run only from 1924).(2) Having obtained so recent an experience as that for the period 1900-1920, there was the opportunity to watch the trend of annuitant mortality without any material break.(3) It acted as a “pilot” run before the more important venture into the Assured lives experience.
Industrial Assurance Profit Sharing
Authors: Spratling F. H. 
Published: August 2016

The immense growth of Industrial Assurance in Great Britain during the last 80 years is a matter of common knowledge. A plain record of the technical developments which have from the first formed an unobtrusive background would make an interesting story. We should read of the great cost of financing expansion, of the prolonged and ultimately successful struggle to raise the reserves to a satisfactory actuarial standard, and finally, of surpluses sufficiently large to cause actuaries and others furiously to think in arriving at satisfactory methods of distributing them.There is neither space nor time to tell the story here. We must begin by accepting the fact that relatively large surpluses are now commonly revealed on the valuation of Industrial Assurance funds and that various problems have to be solved in deciding upon the best methods to be adopted in dealing with them.
Sheppard's correction to the variance.
Authors: Finucan H. M. 
Published: August 2016

The variance of a continuous frequency distribution is often calculated by concentrating the frequencies in intervals of widthhat the mid-points (videKendall,Advanced Theory of Statistics, Vol. 1, §3.16). Under certain conditions this approximation can be corrected by subtractingfrom the calculated variance. This note gives an interpretation in elementary terms of the ‘reason’ for such a correction.We consider three distributions, all having the same frequency in any one of the intervals of widthh(Fig. 1):C the original continuous distribution;H where the frequency density is uniform within any one interval;P where the frequency in an interval is concentrated at the mid-point.
Life office valuations with reference to a reversionary bonus system
Authors: Radley D. H. 
Published: August 2016

The object of this paper is to attempt to evolve a theoretically correct method of valuing life policies in an office having a ‘level’ Compound Reversionary Bonus system. This method can then be used to examine the existing methods of valuation in detail, and also to trace the connexion between the existing methods. The theoretical method of valuation can be approached by a mathematical analysis on strictly theoretical lines. A Compound Reversionary Bonus method has been used in this paper, but similar principles can be applied in the case of a simple reversionary bonus method.It is emphasized at this early stage that I am only concerned with the theory of valuations, and the practical points, such as legal requirements, presentation of valuation results and simplicity of valuation machinery, are not considered.