bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ‐induced insufficient autophagy contributes to p62‐dependent apoptosis of epithelial cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Wang B‐F. , Cao P‐P. , Wang Z‐C. , Li Z‐Y. , Wang Z‐Z. , Ma J. , Liao B. , Deng Y‐K. , Long X‐B. , Xu K. , Wang H. , Wang H. , Zeng M. , Lu X. , Liu Z. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAutophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival, differentiation, and homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of autophagy to the pathogenesis of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).MethodsThe expression of autophagic proteins [microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)‐II, autophagy‐related proteins (Atg), and Beclin 1], substrate proteins (p62 and ubiquitinated proteins), and apoptotic signaling molecules [cysteine‐aspartic protease‐3 and cysteine‐aspartic protease‐8, and poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase] in the sinonasal mucosa and nasal epithelial cells (NECs) was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Autophagic vacuoles were observed with transmission electron microscopy. BEAS‐2B cells and NECs were treated with rapamycin, bafilomycin A1, or various cytokines. In some experiments, cultured NECs were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting p62 (sip62) or Atg5 (siAtg5). Cultured cells were analyzed with Western blotting and flow cytometry.ResultsAlthough autophagic protein expression and autophagic vacuole formation were increased in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP, particularly in NECs, there was also an up‐regulation of substrate proteins and apoptotic signaling molecules. IFN‐γ, but not IL‐4, IL‐13, or IL‐17A, simultaneously enhanced LC3B‐II and p62 levels as well as cell apoptosis in BEAS‐2B cells and/or normal NECs. Bafilomycin A1 up‐regulated the levels of LC3B‐II and p62 in polyp NECs and IFN‐γ‐treated normal NECs. IFN‐γ‐induced apoptosis of normal NECs was exaggerated by bafilomycin A1 and siAtg5. Sip62 suppressed apoptosis of polyp NECs and IFN‐γ‐treated NECs. IFN‐γ protein levels were increased in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP.ConclusionsIFN‐γ induces activated but insufficient autophagy and thus contributes to a degree to p62‐dependent apoptosis of NECs in CRSwNP.
Changes in lipidomic profile of aqueous humour in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
Authors: Cabrerizo Javier , Urcola Javier Aritz , Vecino Elena , Melles Gerrit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo identify and determine differences in lipid profile of aqueous humour (AH) in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).MethodsLipidomic profile of eight AH samples of FECD patients and 10 control samples was analysed. Patients with previous history of anterior segment surgery, anterior segment pathology or intraocular injections were excluded. Topical ocular medications within the last 6 months were reported. Aqueous humour (AH) was obtained during the first step of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in FECD patients and during refractive lensectomy in the control group. Lipidomic ultra‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to perform an optimal profiling of glycerolipids, sterol lipids, sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. Metabolite extraction was accomplished by fractionating the samples into pools of species with similar physicochemical properties.ResultsThe levels of 27 of 110 lipids change significantly in the AH of FECD eyes when compared to control samples. The concentration of most diacylglycerophosphocholines and 1‐ether, 2‐acylglycerophosphocholines increases in the AH of FECD eyes when compared to healthy controls. In addition, eight sphingomyelins and up to two long‐chain highly unsaturated cholesteryl esters present higher levels in FECD samples when compared to controls.ConclusionThe lipid composition of AH in FECD patients differs from that of healthy subjects. Those changes may reflect oxidative stress‐related changes in the lipid metabolism of the corneal endothelial cells in FECD.
The multidisciplinary fetal center: clinical expertise is only part of the experience
Authors: Kett Jennifer C. , Wolfe Elana , Vernon Margaret M. , Woodrum David , Diekema Douglas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimMultidisciplinary foetal centres have recently emerged in partnership with children's hospitals throughout the United States. The aim of this investigation was to describe the patient experience of pregnant women who were referred to our foetal centres for the evaluation of foetal congenital anomalies.MethodsA qualitative interview study of women referred to our foetal centres was conducted using semi‐structured telephone interviews. The data were coded and analysed using thematic networks analysis.ResultsSix themes were identified (i) foetal centre evaluations had a far‐reaching impact on participants’ lives, (ii) participants appreciated both expertise and support from providers, (iii) participants recognised the need to cope with uncertainty, (iv) participants sought additional support from multiple arenas, (v) participants specifically looked to the Internet for both information and support and (vi) participants had pre‐established views about pregnancy termination.ConclusionMultidisciplinary foetal centres can provide a unified source of clinical expertise to women who are carrying a foetus with a suspected or identified congenital anomaly. Despite this diagnostic acumen, uncertainty is pervasive and patients seek support and additional information from a variety of other sources. This investigation is an important initial step in the evaluation of this emerging model of care.
Neonatal somatosensory evoked potentials persist during hypothermia
Authors: Nevalainen Päivi , Lauronen Leena , Metsäranta Marjo , Lönnqvist Tuula , Ahtola Eero , Vanhatalo Sampsa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTreatment with therapeutic hypothermia has challenged the use of amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography in predicting outcomes after perinatal asphyxia. In this study, we assessed the feasibility and gain of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) during hypothermia.MethodsThis retrospective study comprised neonates from 35 + 6 to 42 + 2 gestational weeks and treated for asphyxia or hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy at Helsinki University Hospital between 14 February 2007 and 23 December 2009. This period was partly before the introduction of routine therapeutic hypothermia, which enabled us to include normothermic neonates who would these days receive hypothermia treatment. We analysed SEPs from 47 asphyxiated neonates and compared the results between 23 normothermic and 24 hypothermic neonates.ResultsOur data showed that hypothermia led to SEP latencies lengthening by a few milliseconds, but the essential gain for predicting outcomes by SEPs was preserved during hypothermia. Of the 24 hypothermic neonates, bilaterally absent SEPs were associated with poor outcome in 2/2 neonates, normal SEPs were associated with good outcomes in 13/15 neonates and 5/7 neonates with unilaterally absent or grossly delayed SEPs had a poor outcome.ConclusionOur findings indicated that SEPs were a reliable tool for evaluating the somatosensory system in asphyxiated neonates in both normothermic and hypothermic conditions.
Resting state functional connectivity in women with bipolar disorder during clinical remission
Authors: Syan Sabrina K , Minuzzi Luciano , Smith Mara , Allega Olivia R , Hall Geoffrey BC , Frey Benicio N 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesPeriods of euthymia in bipolar disorder (BD) serve as a valuable time to study trait‐based pathophysiology. The use of resting state functional connectivity (Rs‐FC) can aid in the understanding of BD pathophysiology free of task or mood state biases. The present study investigated two unexplored areas of Rs‐FC research in bipolar remission: (i) Rs‐FC in women, controlling for the potential influence of premenstrual symptoms, and (ii) the use of both independent component analysis (ICA) and seed‐based analysis (SBA) to investigate Rs‐FC.MethodsWe investigated Rs‐FC of the default mode network, meso‐paralimbic network and fronto‐parietal network in a sample of 32 euthymic women with BD and 36 age‐matched controls during the mid‐follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Rs‐FC was assessed with ICA and SBA using the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as seed points for their respective resting state networks.ResultsIn BD, compared to controls, SBAs revealed increased coupling between the PCC and the angular gyrus (P=.002, false discovery rate [FDR]‐corrected) and between the right dlPFC and the brainstem (P=.03, FDR‐corrected). In BD only, PCC−angular gyrus coupling was correlated with anxiety symptoms. Group differences in Rs‐FC using ICA did not survive multiple comparisons.ConclusionsNegative findings from whole‐brain ICA Rs‐FC may reflect a state of clinical remission in BD. Heightened activation between the PCC and the angular gyrus and between the dlPFC and the brainstem may reflect (i) an abnormal trait integration of affective information during clinical remission and/or (ii) an adaptive compensatory mechanism required for clinical stabilization.
Math anxiety and its relationship with basic arithmetic skills among primary school children
Authors: Sorvo Riikka , Koponen Tuire , Viholainen Helena , Aro Tuija , Räikkönen Eija , Peura Pilvi , Dowker Ann , Aro Mikko 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundChildren have been found to report and demonstrate math anxiety as early as the first grade. However, previous results concerning the relationship between math anxiety and performance are contradictory, with some studies establishing a correlation between them while others do not. These contradictory results might be related to varying operationalizations of math anxiety.AimsIn this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of math anxiety and its relationship with basic arithmetic skills in primary school children, with explicit focus on two aspects of math anxiety: anxiety about failure in mathematics and anxiety in math‐related situations.SampleThe participants comprised 1,327 children at grades 2–5.MethodsMath anxiety was assessed using six items, and basic arithmetic skills were assessed using three assessment tasks.ResultsAround one‐third of the participants reported anxiety about being unable to do math, one‐fifth about having to answer teachers’ questions, and one tenth about having to do math. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that anxiety about math‐related situations and anxiety about failure in mathematics are separable aspects of math anxiety. Structural equation modelling suggested that anxiety about math‐related situations was more strongly associated with arithmetic fluency than anxiety about failure. Anxiety about math‐related situations was most common among second graders and least common among fifth graders.ConclusionsAs math anxiety, particularly about math‐related situations, was related to arithmetic fluency even as early as the second grade, children's negative feelings and math anxiety should be identified and addressed from the early primary school years.
Innovations in practice: group mindfulness for adolescent anxiety – results of an open trial
Authors: Crowley Michael J. , Nicholls Sarah S. , McCarthy Deborah , Greatorex Kate , Wu Jia , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundGroup Mindfulness Therapy (GMT) is a program tailored for adolescents that targets anxiety with mindfulness skills including present moment awareness, mindfulness in everyday life (breathing, eating, walking), body scan, loving‐kindness, and self‐acceptance. Youth with anxiety may benefit from mindfulness exercises precisely because they learn to redirect their mind, and presumably their attention, away from wandering in the direction of worry and negative self‐appraisals and toward greater acceptance of internal states. This open trial assessed the feasibility and initial effectiveness of GMT in a school setting.MethodTwelve 6th and 7th grade adolescents with elevated anxiety [Screen for Child Anxiety Disorders (SCARED) ≥ 30] participated in GMT after school. Youth completed measures of anxiety and perceived stress and their parents completed measures of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at pretreatment and posttreatment. We hypothesized that GMT would significantly reduce youth anxiety and stress.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in anxiety, internalizing, stress, and attention, with effect sizes ranging from .88 to 1.34.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that GMT is feasible and acceptable to adolescents presenting with anxiety as a primary concern. We provide further support for the use of a mindfulness‐based intervention for anxiety reduction. The group format suggests a cost‐effective way to deliver services in a school setting.
Developing Mathematics Knowledge
Authors: Rittle‐Johnson Bethany 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDeveloping strong knowledge about mathematics is important for success academically, economically, and in life, but many children fail to become proficient in math. Research on the developmental relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge of math provides insights into the development of knowledge about math. First, competency in math requires children to develop conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and procedural flexibility. Second, conceptual and procedural knowledge often develop in a bidirectional, iterative fashion, with improvements in one type of knowledge‐supporting improvements in the other, as well as procedural flexibility. Third, learning techniques such as comparing, explaining, and exploring promote more than one type of knowledge about math, indicating that each is an important learning process. Researchers need to develop and validate measurement tools, devise more comprehensive theories of math development, and build more bridges between research and educational practice.
Assessment of in vivo mast cell reactivity in patients with systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Gülen T. , Möller Westerberg C. , Lyberg K. , Ekoff M. , Kolmert J. , Bood J. , Öhd J. , James A. , Dahlén S.‐E. , Nilsson G. , Dahlén B. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundPatients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) have clinical signs of mast cell (MC) activation and increased levels of MC mediators. It is unclear whether the increased mediator levels are caused by increased numbers of tissue MCs, or whether these cells in affected individuals have a hyperactive phenotype.ObjectiveTo determine reactivity of the skin and the airways to directly acting mediators and indirectly acting mast cell secretagogues in subjects with SM.MethodsSkin reactivity to morphine and histamine, and airway responsiveness to mannitol and methacholine, was assessed in 15 patients with SM, 11 patients with allergic asthma (A) and 13 healthy controls (HC). Serum tryptase and urinary metabolites of the MC mediators histamine and prostaglandin D2 were measured, as well as ex vivo basophil histamine release.ResultsMast cell mediators in the blood and urine were significantly higher in patients with SM than in HC and A controls. Responsiveness to local activation of skin MCs (by morphine) and airway MCs (by mannitol) was similar in SM and HC groups. Likewise, end‐organ responsiveness in the skin to histamine, and in the airways to methacholine, was similar in all three subject groups. There was no evidence of increased basophil reactivity in SM patients.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMast cells in the skin and airways of subjects with SM do not exhibit hyper‐reactivity towards the MC‐activating stimuli morphine and mannitol, respectively. Therefore, the highly elevated baseline levels of MC mediators in SM are most likely due to increased MC numbers, rather than altered MC responsiveness. The underlying mechanisms could involve leakage of MC mediators, or dysfunctions in mediator synthesis, storage and release. One clinical implication of our study is that there is no contraindication to perform skin tests using morphine in subjects with mastocytosis.
Trans‐oral robotic assisted tongue base mucosectomy for investigation of cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck region. The UK experience
Authors: Winter S.C. , Ofo E. , Meikle D. , Silva P. , Fraser L. , O'Hara J. , Kim D. , Robinson M. , Paleri V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) in head and neck occurs when the treating clinicians have utilised all available diagnostic tests and failed to identify the origin of the disease. There is no agreed consensus on which diagnostic investigations to use, or the order in which to use them in, although broad recommendations exist. Small tumours arising in the tongue base can be below the limits of resolution of conventional diagnostic techniques. Given the difficulty in targeting the tongue base, current practice involves blind random biopsies, which leads to a variable detection rate. Robotically assisted surgical removal of the tongue base, tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) has been shown to improve diagnostic yield. This study reports the diagnostic hit rate for tongue base primaries using this technique.DesignRetrospective case review.SettingUK Head and Neck Centres.ParticipantsPatients presenting as an unknown primary, investigated with clinical examination, PET‐CT and palatine tonsillectomy.Main Outcome MeasuresThe detection of a primary site of head and neck cancer in the otherwise unknown primary tumour.ResultsThe primary tumour site was identified in the tongue base in 53% (n=17) of patients. In 15 patients the tumour was in the ipsliateral tongue base (88%) while in two cases (12%) the tumour was located in contra lateral tongue base.ConclusionsTrans‐oral robotic assisted TBM raises the possibility of identifying over 50% of tumours that would otherwise be classified as CUP. Identifying these in the contralateral tongue base has implications for treatment planning and outcome.
Intracorporeal anastomoses in emergency laparoscopic colorectal surgery from a series of 59 cases: where and how to do it – a technical note and video
Authors: Di Saverio S. , Birindelli A. , Mandrioli M. , Podda M. , Binda G. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimLaparoscopy offers the benefits of minimally invasive surgery and faster recovery. Acute surgical patients may potentially benefit from the great advantages of emergency laparoscopy, which is more clinically relevant in acute than elective patients. Fashioning a laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) after emergent colorectal resection, whenever technically feasible and not contraindicated by the patient's general and haemodynamic condition, is a most challenging technical skill.MethodDuring the period 2010–2016, 59 patients underwent a laparoscopic procedure for colorectal emergency in an acute care setting by a single operating surgeon with advanced laparoscopic skills and specific expertise in both colorectal surgery and acute care surgery. This series includes 32 laparoscopic right colectomies (12 for obstruction and 20 for perforation/peritonitis) and 27 left colectomies (6 for obstruction and 21 for perforation/peritonitis). Twenty‐eight ileocolic side‐to‐side ICA, and 27 left colonic ICA (3 colocolic, 24 colorectal) were performed.ResultsReasonably good postoperative outcomes were observed in the entire series of 59 laparoscopic colectomies performed in an urgent setting. Overall, the major morbidity rate in the entire group was 16.9% (10/59) with an incidence of intra‐abdominal abscess of 11.8% (7/59); the overall leak rate was 3.4% (2/59). The re‐operation rate was 3.4% (2/59). A video included in the Supporting Information shows five different sites and techniques for ICA and describes technical details with tips and tricks. All patients shown in the video had an uneventful postoperative recovery and were managed postoperatively according to enhanced recovery after surgery protocols.ConclusionThis case series illustrates all possible sites and techniques for colonic ICA in an emergency setting. All colorectal and acute care surgeons should have laparoscopic suturing skills.
Surgical and not analgesic technique affects postoperative inflammation following colorectal cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Siekmann W. , Eintrei C. , Magnuson A. , Sjölander A. , Matthiessen P. , Myrelid P. , Gupta A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimEpidural analgesia reduces the surgical stress response. However, its effect on pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the genesis of inflammation following major abdominal surgery remains unclear. Our main objective was to elucidate whether perioperative epidural analgesia prevents the inflammatory response following colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsNinety‐six patients scheduled for open or laparoscopic surgery were randomized to epidural analgesia (group E) or patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (group P). Surgery and anaesthesia were standardized in both groups. Plasma cortisol, insulin and serum cytokines [interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, tumour necrosis factor α, interferon γ, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, prostaglandin E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor] were measured preoperatively (T0), 1–6 h postoperatively (T1) and 3–5 days postoperatively (T2). Mixed model analysis was used, after logarithmic transformation when appropriate, for analyses of cytokines and stress markers.Results>There were no significant differences in any serum cytokine concentration between groups P and E at any time point except for IL‐10 which was 87% higher in group P [median and range 4.1 (2.3–9.2) pg/ml] compared to group E [2.6 (1.3–4.7) pg/ml] (P = 0.002) at T1. There was no difference in plasma cortisol and insulin between the groups at any time point after surgery. A significant difference in median serum cytokine concentration was found between open and laparoscopic surgery with higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐10 at T1 in patients undergoing open surgery compared to laparoscopic surgery. No difference in serum cytokine concentration was detected between the groups or between the surgical technique at T2.ConclusionsOpen surgery, compared to laparoscopic surgery, has greater impact on these inflammatory mediators than epidural analgesia vs intravenous analgesia.
Benchmarking recent national practice in rectal cancer treatment with landmark randomized controlled trials
Authors:   Dutch Snapshot Research Group
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimA Snapshot study design eliminates changes in treatment and outcome over time. This population based Snapshot study aimed to determine current practice and outcome of rectal cancer treatment with published landmark randomized controlled trials as a benchmark.MethodIn this collaborative research project, the dataset of the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit was extended with additional treatment and long‐term outcome data. All registered patients who underwent resection for rectal cancer in 2011 were eligible. Baseline characteristics and outcome were evaluated against the results of the Dutch TME trial and the COLOR II trial from which the original datasets were obtained.ResultsA total of 71 hospitals participated, and data were completed for 2102 out of the potential 2633 patients (79.8%). Median follow‐up was 41 (interquartile range 25–47) months. Overall circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement was 9.3% in the Snapshot cohort and 18.5% in the Dutch TME trial. CRM positivity after laparoscopic resection was 7.8% in the Snapshot and 9.5% in the COLOR II trial. Three‐year overall local recurrence rate in the Snapshot was 5.9%, with a disease‐free survival of 67.1% and overall survival of 79.5%. Benchmarking with the randomized controlled trials revealed an overall favourable long‐term outcome of the Snapshot cohort.ConclusionThis study showed that current rectal cancer care in a large unselected Dutch population is of high quality, with less positive CRM since the TME trial and oncologically safe implementation of minimally invasive surgery after the COLOR II trial.