bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing an internal conflict: ISIS and international law
Authors: Mulligan Michael 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article investigates the challenge for international society in understanding ISIS’s continuing presence in Iraq and which aspects of international law may be applied so as to allow ISIS to be better held responsible for its actions. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature of an internal conflict and the rules of international law that apply to such conflicts. There is also a wider analysis of the difficulty in contextualizing ISIS within the prevailing Westphalian framework of an international society predicated on independent sovereign states. As such, the article explores aspects of international relations and the history of the Middle East, as well as international law.
Food culture in Urartu<p>Urartu’da yemek kültürü
Authors: Gökce Bilcan 
Published: May 2016

In this article food culture in Urartian State that was founded in centrally Van Lake Basin between 9th-7th centuries has been studied. This study has been carried out in the light of food remainings, utensils uncovered by excavations until today, kitchen buildings, store rooms discovered by excavations, written sources and depicted works. We get information about food products, kitchens, store rooms, utensils, personnel, banquet scenes and feasts of that period by archaeological data. Additionally it is understood by archaeological data that social and religious banquets were arranged in the Urartian State. It can be said on the basis of utensils related to food culture and banquet scenes described on depicted works that there is also a class discrimination in the Urartian society related to this issue. ÖzetBu makalede M.Ö. 9-7. yüzyıllar arasında Van Gölü Havzası merkez olmak üzere kurulmuş olan Urartu devletinde yemek kültürü çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma bugüne kadar kazılardan ele geçen besin kalıntıları, kap kacaklar ile yine kazılarda ortaya çıkarılan mutfak yapıları, erzak depoları ile yazılı kaynaklar ve tasvirli eserler ışığında yapılmıştır. Arkeolojik verilerden dönemin besin ürünleri, mutfakları, erzak depoları, kap kacakları, personeli, ziyafet sahneleri ve şölenleri hakkında bilgi edinmekteyiz. Yine arkeolojik verilerden Urartu devletinde sosyal ve dini içerikli ziyafet yemeklerinin yapıldığı da anlaşılmaktadır. Yemek kültürü ile bağlantılı olan kap kacaklar ile tasvirli eserlerde işlenmiş ziyafet sahnelerinden yola çıkılarak Urartu toplumunda bu konuyla bağlantılı olarak bir sınıfsal farklılığın da olduğu söylenebilir.
Compositionality of Chinese idioms: the issues, the semantic approach and a case study
Authors: Tien Adrian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIdioms – or something like idioms – occupy a special place as a speech genre in languages. It is compelling that the issues of what idioms are (or are not) and how they distinguish themselves from other related, though different, linguistic and phraseological categories, are of concern to all. This paper first examines various linguistic issues concerning the idiom genre before going into a detailed discussion about thechengyuin Chinese, which is an approximate yet by no means identical counterpart of the idiom as it is understood in English. It is argued that, as phrasal structures, Chinesechengyus are not all lexically fixed, neither are they all semantically non-compositional. By virtue of the example of the sememezhonglit. ‘(bronze) bell’ and its incorporation into certainchengyus, it is demonstrated that the sememic constituents of achengyucan be only not compositionally significant semantically speaking but also, they may well hold the key to the reason why the literal meaning of achengyushould be closely integrated into its intended, idiomatic (figurative) meaning.Chengyus that incorporate the sememezhongcomprise an idiomatic analogy and, in fact,zhongas a lexical item is represented in the content of this analogy as a cognitively real element. This paper adopts the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) framework as the basis for semantic analyses of suchchengyus.
Mayvs.Mightin native vs. non-native English: Implications for inference and judgement in legal and educational contexts
Authors: Filipović Luna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the empirically documented difference in a mock-jury judgement task between native speakers of English and speakers of English as a second language. We discovered a difference between these two populations in the understanding of events described by witnesses with regard to the use of verbsmayandmight. The events described withmaywere scored much higher on the possibility and witness certainty scales than when the same events were described withmightby the non-native English speakers. On the other hand, the native speakers of English did not judge the events described withmayand those withmightdifferently. Further, the results for the non-native speakers did not vary based on their L1. A closer look at a sample of textbooks has provided support for the hypothesis that it is the L2 instruction materials and a specific learner strategy that are the most likely causes of the significant difference in inference and judgement between the two speaker groups. We discuss these findings in light of their applicability in, and their relevance for, legal contexts of witness testimony and jury judgement as well as their pedagogical implications and applications.
Zur Bandkeramik zwischen Pruth und Südlichem Bug
Authors: Saile Thomas , Dębiec Maciej , Posselt Martin , Ţerna Stanislav , Kiosak Dmytro 
Published: May 2016

ZusammenfassungDer allgemeine Kenntnisstand zur Bandkeramik (LBK) ist in den Gebieten östlich der Karpaten noch vergleichsweise gering. Es erschien daher Erfolg versprechend, ausgewählte Siedlungen in der westlichen Ukraine und in Moldawien zu erkunden. Dabei konzentrierten sich unsere Untersuchungen vornehmlich auf die Frage, ob das vollständige neolithische Kulturpaket auch die östlichsten Verbreitungsgebiete der Bandkeramik erreichte. Insbesondere sollte geklärt werden, ob man auch hier, in den offenbar verhältnismäßig kleinen Siedlungen, die charakteristischen Langhäuser errichtete. Noch vor wenigen Jahren wurde deren Existenz in den östlichsten Regionen der Bandkeramik verschiedentlich infrage gestellt.Sechs bandkeramische Fundstellen wurden für Magnetometermessungen ausgewählt und auf einigen konnten zusätzlich Sondageschnitte angelegt werden. Relevante Ergebnisse älterer Grabungen wurden einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Als ein erstes Ergebnis unserer Arbeiten ist der Nachweis von Langhausstandorten festzuhalten, der allerdings hauptsächlich auf Grundlage parallel verlaufender, hausbegleitender Längsgruben erfolgt. Eine regionale Besonderheit ist ihre Nordost-Südwest-Ausrichtung. Für die auf Magnetometerprospektionen gestützte Dokumentation von Hausgrundrissen erwiesen sich die Bodenverhältnisse in den mächtigen, humusreichen Schwarzerden als wenig geeignet; immerhin gelang vereinzelt eine Beobachtung von Pfostenlöchern.In Kamyane, einer bandkeramischen Siedlung auf dem rechten Ufer des mittleren Südlichen Bug, wurde während einer kleinen Ausgrabung umfangreiches Fundmaterial geborgen. Außerdem konnten einige Keramikfragmente festgestellt werden, die im Stile der rumänischen Dudeşti Kultur verziert sind. In der Umgebung der LBK-Siedlung wurde bei Flurbegehungen ein Schuhleistenkeil gefunden, dessen Rohmaterial aus dem nordböhmischen Isergebirge stammt. Offenbar waren weiträumige Kontakte auch ein wesentliches Element der östlichsten bandkeramischen Siedlungskammern.
Demonstration of Uninvolvement of Ions for Double Layer Capacitance by Use of Latex Suspensions
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhu Liang , Cao Ruge , Wang Yanfei , Yang Libin , Sha Zuoliang 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Water molecules in aqueous solutions were demonstrated to participate in formation of electric double layer capacitance,
as partly agrees with the Stern–Gouy–Chapman theory, which is quite different from current fabrication techniques of
industrial double layer capacitors. This conclusion was supported firstly by invariance of capacitance to ionic
concentrations and secondly by exhibiting the same capacitance values in ionic latex suspensions without free ions as
those in conventional ionic solutions. The latex particles used were mono-dispersed polystyrene sulfonic acid,
3.33 μm in diameter. The latex suspension was deionized to show low ionic concentration of less than
0.01 mM. Ac-impedance data were obtained at parallel platinum wires without insulating shield in order to avoid
stray capacitance at cracks between electrodes and shields. They were analyzed through the equivalent circuit of a series
combination of solution resistance and the double layer impedance. The latter was composed of a parallel combination of
the capacitance and resistance, both of which depended on frequency. The solution resistance was inversely proportional to
the concentration of the ionic latex particles, whereas the parallel capacitance was independent of the concentrations.
Neurocognitive Development After Pediatric Heart Surgery
Authors: Sterken Caroline , Lemiere Jurgen , Van den Berghe Greet , Mesotten Dieter 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have neurocognitive deficits, sometimes with a detrimental impact on daily and school functioning. These deficits may increase through childhood. In this study, we investigated whether children with CHD, who underwent heart surgery as infants, show more neurocognitive deficits, especially in the executive functions, as they get older, compared with healthy controls.

METHODS:
In this longitudinal follow-up study, 107 children with CHD and 77 healthy control children underwent extensive neurocognitive testing at 4 years of age. Ninety-three percent of the children (100 patients with CHDs and 72 controls) underwent a second neurocognitive testing 3 years later. Intelligence, visual-motor integration (VMI), alertness, motor coordination, executive functions, and psychosocial functioning were assessed.

RESULTS:
IQ scores were consistently lower in the CHD group (P &lt; .001); however, the difference of 11.7 IQ points between both groups at follow-up 1 decreased to 7 IQ points at follow-up 2 (P = .003). Inhibition reaction time had improved in both study groups at follow-up 2 (P &lt; .001) and did not differ between both groups from follow-up 1 to follow-up 2 (P = .849). Deficits in VMI, alertness, motor coordination, and psychosocial functioning also did not worsen for patients with CHDs at follow-up 2, compared with healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with CHD, who underwent heart surgery as infants, do not show an increase of neurocognitive deficits between the ages of 4 and 7 years, compared with healthy controls. Patients with CHDs keep deficits in intelligence, VMI, and psychosocial functioning, but seem to partially grow out of their deficits.
Preparation and Phase Relations in the CuSbSe2– CuInSe2System
Authors: Korzun Barys V. , Sobol Valery R. , Rusu Marin , Savizky Ruben M. , Fadzeyeva Alena A. , Maroz Ivan I. , Gavrilenko Andrei N. , Matukhin Vadim L. , Lux-Steiner Martha Ch. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe CuInSe2and CuSbSe2ternary compounds and alloys of the (CuSbSe2)1-x·(CuInSe2)xsystem with the mole fraction of CuInSe2(x) equal to 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.375, 0.50, 0.625, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.95 were prepared and the phase relations in this system were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the alloys of the CuSbSe2-CuInSe2system are biphasic at room temperature in the whole range of compositions, and the limits of solubility for CuSbSe2in CuInSe2and for CuInSe2in CuSbSe2do not exceed 0.001 mole fraction.
Estudo Literário sobre a Segmentação de Mercado como Ferramenta Estratégica de Marketing
Authors: De Almeida Lucas Rodrigo Santos , Batista Suellen Sanne , Wiegandt Hans Stephan , Gonçalves Valdênio Rodrigues de Oliveira 
Published: May 2016

<p>O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral identificar a importância da segmentação de mercado como ferramenta estratégica de marketing. No<br />contexto específico, comparar as transformações e/ou evoluções conceituais do marketing com o passar das décadas, identificar as principais variáveis da segmentação de mercado, e analisar as vantagens e as desvantagens do processo de segmentação. A justificativa para o trabalho está relacionada a um dos temas relevantes do marketing chamado comportamento do consumidor, tendo por base o pressuposto de um estudo de segmentação. A metodologia utilizada foi a técnica de revisão de literatura. Em relação aos estudos das variáveis de segmentação, verificouse que há crescentes investimentos em pesquisas a fim de estudar potenciais variáveis de segmentação. Identificou-se que a segmentação de mercado faz parte do planejamento estratégico da organização, na intenção de compreender o comportamento do consumidor em mercados<br />atuais e potenciais em que a empresa irá atuar.</p>
A Força dos Valores Organizacionais, Empresas Orientadas para Pessoas e Cultura: Estudo de Caso na JBS-Brasil
Authors: Moraes Claudio Zanutim 
Published: May 2016

<p>Compreender quanto uma cultura é bem arraigada, implementada e difundida faz a diferença no ambiente organizacional. Assim, na essência, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os valores da JBS-Brasil e quanto eles são capazes de impactar o engajamento e o resultado corporativo; também teve por obrigação apresentar os sete valores, seus pilares, suas crenças e sua missão, proporcionando um paralelo imaginário entre a própria companhia e outras que não aplicam diligentemente os valores e a missão. Os valores da JBS-Brasil são fortes e fizeram com que ela se tornasse uma das maiores empresas do mundo, a maior em nutrição animal, com mais 216 mil colaboradores diretos e 130 mil indiretos espalhados pelo mundo. No Brasil, mais de 110 mil pessoas trabalham sob essa cultura de forma diligente. Portanto, neste artigo ficará explicitado, de fato, o tamanho do poder de uma cultura forte e bem gerida e quanto ela é capaz de impactar o dia a dia da empresa e de seus colaboradores. O método utilizado para tal foi o estudo de caso.</p>
Os Princípios para uma Liderança Eficiente
Authors: Nunes Valter Luiz , Aguiar Kátia Cristina Alberto 
Published: May 2016

<p>Sabe-se que muito são os investimentos na gestão de pessoas dentro das empresas, principalmente ao que se refere à liderança, tendo em vista<br />que seus resultados contribuem para a estratégia empresarial. Diante deste cenário torna-se importante questionar quais são os reais benefícios e retornos da liderança em comparação aos seus investimentos realizados, visto que estudos realizados demonstram que mais de dois terços das pessoas pedem demissão de seus “chefes”, não das empresas. Acredita-se que a resposta para o problema poderá estar diretamente ligada à falta de habilidade dos líderes para influenciar pessoas para trabalharem entusiasticamente visando atingir objetivos comuns, inspirando confiança por meio da força do caráter. A possível dificuldade dos líderes para aplicar os tipos de liderança e preservar a Afetividade, a Compreensão, a Autoestima e a Empatia, poderá reduzir de forma surpreendente o comprometimento das pessoas/colaboradores com seus objetivos.</p>
Use of spinal cord stimulation in managing neuropathic foot pain: A case series study
Authors: Beeson Paul , Ashford Robert , Raphael Jon 
Published: May 2016

Background/ Aim:In cases of complex regional pain syndrome where conservative treatment is unsuccessful in controlling neuropathic foot pain spinal cord stimulation may be considered. To our knowledge there have been no such cases reported in the foot & ankle literature. The aim of the study was to establish useful information that may supplement our understanding of this complex multifactorial problem and help to inform future management of similar cases. Materials and method:A case series study was undertaken to investigate the use of spinal cord stimulation in the management of neuropathic foot pain using five cases with complex regional pain syndrome (type I).Results:Reduced pain following spinal cord stimulation was reported. The interval between diagnosis and commencement of spinal cord stimulation was variable between cases and maybe responsible for differing levels and timing of pain relief experienced.Conclusion:Careful preoperative diagnosis, robust patient selection and close postoperative monitoring are vital for a successful outcome. The small sample size and potential for bias, limit the generalizability to a larger population. A larger study is therefore indicated to expand upon preliminary findings.
A Comparison of Health Status in Patients with Chronic diabetic foot ulcerations and Minor foot amputations
Authors: Formosa Cynthia , Simiana Cynthia , Gatt Alfred 
Published: May 2016

Obhective: El objetivo de este estudio era obtener una mejor comprensión del estado de salud general entre las personas que viven ya sea con una ulceración crónica del pie o la amputación menor del pie.Métodos: Un estudio prospectivo de diseño no experimental se llevó a cabo en 39 sujetos con diabetes tipo 2; 17 pacientes con ulceración durante al menos 3 meses y 22 pacientes con una amputación digital o transmetatarsiana durante al menos 6 meses. La versión 36 versión corta 2 se utilizó para evaluar el estado de salud en el grupo de estudio.Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre los pacientes que viven con ulceración crónica del pie o amputaciones menores del pie (p = 0,006) con los sujetos con un menor informar de un mejor estado de salud general amputación. Además el análisis estadístico comparando las ocho escalas de los cuatro dominios importantes para la salud SF-36 v2 identificados incluyendo funcionamiento físico [p = 0,021], rol físico [p = 0,002], Vitalidad [p = 0,011] y rol emocional [p = 0,015] entre el grupo ulceración y amputación del o- grupo puntera transmetatarsal-.Conclusión: ulceraciones del pie diabético sigue siendo una preocupación importante para los pacientes, los dadores de la salud y miembros de la familia. Este estudio ha concluido que los pacientes con úlceras en el pie han disminuido el estado de salud incluyendo la función física, emocional y social. Mejores estrategias para la prevención de las úlceras del pie diabético, incluyendo una mejor toma de decisiones clínicas en relación con el tratamiento, la intervención temprana y la pronta remisión al equipo multidisciplinario del pie diabético está garantizado. Las cuestiones culturales también deben ser considerados para asegurar la atención adecuada.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: which role for serial electrocardiogram changes?
Authors: Roncon Loris , Zuin Marco 
Published: May 2016

<p>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a cardiac syndrome characterized by acute regional-reversible systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) and related to psycho-physical acute stress. Recently, physicians and researchers have posed their attention on the time course of ECG changes in TTC. Knowledge of ECG changes in TTC could be useful for the clinical management of this disease. Among all TTC deaths, 38% of cases are directly related to in-hospital complications. Serial ECG assessment could be a first line defence in reducing mortality and in-hospital complications in patients with TTC. </p>
Role of Echocardiography in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hung Ming-Jui 
Published: May 2016

Cardiac imaging is the key to make an initial impression of TC and follow-up images confirms the diagnosis of TC. Because of the availability and feasibility in acute medical care, echocardiography plays an important role in the assessment of patients with TC. <span style="font-size: 10px;">The diagnosis of TC needs serial echocardiographic evaluation. The ejection fraction is geometric changes of ventricle rather than contractile function measurements of myocardium. Therefore, it is suggested that standard echocardiography combined with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography should be used to evaluate cardiac muscular function especially in TC because the diagnosis needs serial evaluation.</span>
Evaluation of the medical and surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis
Authors: Modgil Neetu 
Published: May 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses of at least 12 consecutive weeks duration. Surgical intervention may be required if severe symptoms of obstruction and infection prove medical treatment to be ineffective. Little is known about the outcomes of patients electing to continue medical management or the comparative effectiveness of continued medical therapy with FESS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on 126 adult patients in the age group of 18-55 who fulfilled the CRS criteria with nasal polyposis. All patients were medically treated for the CRS, and observed after 3 weeks. In case the treatment was not effective; they were scheduled for FESS intervention and further observed after another 6 weeks. The improvement of the patients was measured by Visual analogue score, nasal endoscopy score and saccharine test. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Males between 41-50 were the most common patients with CRS. There was a significant improvement in the VAS score, nasal endoscopy score after 3 weeks of medical treatment. In 88% of patients the saccharine score was normal showing that this was not an effective measure for assessing the improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Medical treatment was found to be sufficient to treat most symptoms of CRS with nasal polyposis (grade 1 and 2). Surgery should only be done in refractory cases. Selection of those patients who will benefit from surgery should be based on the patient’s symptoms and not on the examiner’s polyp score. Quality of life is not proportional to polyp size (Upto grade 2).</p>
Guy Veloso: uma travessia com os irmãos das almas
Authors: Mokarzel Marisa 
Published: May 2016

Resumo Este artigo analisa fotografias de Guy Veloso pertencentes à série Penitentes: dos Ritos de Sangue a Fascinação do Fim do Mundo que teve início em 2002. Doze dessas imagens foram expostas na 29a Bienal de São Paulo, realizada em 2010. No processo analítico estão presentes questões específicas da estética fotográfica e concernentes à abordagem sociopolítica. A base teórica foi desenvolvida a partir de Andre Rouillé e Euclides da Cunha. Abstract: This article looks at photographs of Guy Veloso belonging to Penitents series: Blood Rites of the fascination of the End of the World which started in 2002. Twelve of these images were exhibited at the 29th Sa?o Paulo Biennial, held in 2010. In the analytical process issues are present specific photographic aesthetics and concerning the sociopolitical approach. The theoretical basis was developed from Andre Rouille and Euclides da Cunha.