bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Dimensions in the Clusterization Processes: Lithuanian Biomass Cluster Case
Authors: Navickas Valentinas , Svazas Mantas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Future production systems’ increasing significance will impose work, which maintains not a competitive, but a collaboration basis, with concentrated resources and expertise, which can help to reach the general purpose. One form of collaboration among medium-size business organizations is work in clusters. Clusterization as a phenomenon has been known from quite a long time, but it offers simple benefits to researches at micro and medium levels. The clusterization process evaluation in macroeconomic dimensions has been comparatively little investigated. Thereby, in this article, the clusterization processes is analysed by concentrating our attention on macroeconomic factor researches. The authors analyse clusterization’s influence on country’s macroeconomic growth; they apply a structure research methodology for clusterization’s macroeconomic influence evaluation and propose that clusterization processes benefit macroeconomic analysis. The theoretical model of clusterization processes was validated by referring to a biomass cluster case. Because biomass cluster case is a new phenomenon, currently there are no other scientific approaches to them. The authors’ accomplished researches show that clusterization allows the achievement of a large positive slip in macroeconomics, which proves to lead to a high value added to creation, a faster country economic growth, and social situation amelioration.
Empirical Analysis of the Financial Behavior of Investors with Brand Approach (Case Study: Tehran Stock Exchange)
Authors: Asgarnezhad Nouri Bagher , Motamedi Samira , Soltani Milad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBehavioral science in the field of finance and investment is among new topics raised in recent years. The relationship between financial sciences and other fields of social sciences such as financial psychology has caused researchers to do many researches regarding the behavior of investors in the financial markets and their reactions to different situations. Based on the theories of financial behavior, shareholders' decision to buy and sell stocks is under the influence of internal and external psychological factors. Through designing and experimental testing of the model of investors' financial behavior in the Tehran Stock Exchange with an emphasis on brand, this study was an attempt to investigate the influence of these factors. To this end, financial, psychological and social factors were considered as the most important external factors influencing the behavior of investors and, considering the mediating role of brand awareness, their impact on perceived risk and perceived return as well as investment intention was tested. The research population consisted of all individual investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to determine the sample size, considering unlimited population, Cochran formula was used and hence the sample size was determined to be 145. For data collection, standard questionnaire was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire and the research hypotheses were tested using path analysis. The results showed that psychological factors have a positive impact on perceived risk and returns. Financial factors had a positive impact on perceived risk but no impact on perceived return. The impact of social factors on perceived risk and perceived return was not confirmed. Moreover, the results showed that brand awareness has a moderating role in the relationship between social factors and perceived risk and return. However, its moderating role was not confirmed in the relationship between the psychological and financial factors and perceived risk and return. Perceived risk had a positive effect on attitude toward the brand. However, the impact of perceived return on attitude toward the brand was not significant. Finally, the attitude toward the brand had a positive effect on shareholders' investment intention.
Solvent selection for fatty acid residue analysis of archeologicial artifacts
Authors: Rosentreter Jeffrey J. , Malamakal John , Barnes Kelli , Alexander Matt 
Published: June 2017

AbstractResidue analysis has rapidly become one of the most useful techniques for determining an artifact function and revealing insight into paleodiets. The success of analytical residue analysis often lies with the first preparatory step, where the residue is extracted from the object. Detection of a residue requires effective solvation of the material, and there is a large range of potential solvents. One purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of various solvents for the extraction of fatty acids from charcoal, a material that is ubiquitous, easily identified, remarkably stable in the archaeological record but, most importantly for this research, retains fats extremely well. This investigation examines the removal efficiency of model fatty acids from carbonized wood samples. The strong affinity of lipids to charcoal makes carbonized wood ideal for retaining them, but also makes their extraction extremely challenging and thus an ideal benchmark for solvent extraction characterization. Several solvents (benzene, chloroform, hexane, methanol and water) are used to determine the quantitative extraction efficiency of tripalmitin. While benzene and chloroform perform best for some wood types, neither solvent is better for all carbonized wood. Correlations between the chemical properties of the solvents and the effectiveness of the extraction provide guidance for solvents. Findings indicate solvent characteristics including dipole moment, dielectric constant, hydrogen bonding, and molecular weight all play an important role in extraction of fat from a charcoal matrix. Results presented should provide guidelines to allow for more effective residue extration and more accurate lipid analysis.
Asserting Moral Sentences
Authors: Reichardt Bastian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the last century of meta-ethical debates, moral realism was much criticized for its ontological assumptions. These assumptions arise from the semantic intuition that lies at the heart of realist theories – namely, the intuition that language represents states of affairs. This makes moral realism hardly compatible with a naturalist world view and gives rise to consider ontologically more economic approaches. Moral constructivists can explain objectivity in ethics without inheriting the realist’s ontological burden. Nevertheless, constructivists tend to ignore the semantic task of giving an account of what moral sentences mean. The semantics of moral discourse, however, cannot be considered representational because, then, constructivism would lapse back into realism. I argue that semantic pragmatism is an appropriate partner for moral constructivism. Thereby, we can see the personal standpoint as an engagement in asserting moral sentences.
Den Trumpismus verstehen: Die Außenpolitik des neuen amerikanischen Präsidenten
Authors: Thompson Jack 
Published: June 2017

Kurzfassung:
Der Artikel fragt nach den außenpolitischen Prioritäten der Trump-Administration. Er gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass der neue US-Präsident keine strategische Leitvision hat, abgesehen von der vagen Überzeugung, dass die liberale Weltordnung den Vereinigten Staaten nicht nütze. Im Zentrum des Trumpismus steht vielmehr das Bemühen, die Unterstützung der politischen Basis des Präsidenten zu erhalten, die mit der Richtung, in die sich das Land entwickelt hat, unzufrieden ist. Dazu bedarf es primär einer Botschaft aus strammem Nationalismus, Anti-Elitismus und Globalisierungskritik. Das scheint zu funktionieren.
Understanding Trumpism: the New President's Foreign Policy
Authors: Thompson Jack 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
This article argues that the president does not have a grand strategic vision, aside from a vague conviction that the liberal world order is not benefiting the U.S. Instead, at the heart of Trumpism is an effort to mobilize and maintain the support of the president's political base, which is displeased with the direction of the country, around a message of staunch nationalism, anti-elitism, and anti-globalization. It appears to be working.
The end of a military-industrial triangle: arms-industrial co-operation between China, Russia and Ukraine after the Crimea crisis
Authors: Kirchberger Sarah 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Due to a U.S./EU arms embargo that was imposed on China in 1989, China remains excluded from trading with any of the leading arms producers except for Russia and Ukraine. The previously existing military-industrial symbiosis between Ukraine and Russia, however, came to an abrupt end in 2014 with Russia‘s invasion and resulting occupation of Crimea. The sudden breaking off of defense-industrial ties between these two closely interwoven military-industrial complexes offers analysts the unusual chance to study the nature of transnational arms production arrangements and their strategic implications under crisis conditions. China is poised to benefit from this, while Western sanctions create incentives for China and Russia to enhance their mutual strategic co-operation.
Hacia una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de la atenuación fónica en Es.Var.Atenuación
Authors: Hidalgo Navarro Antonio , Martínez Hernández Diana 
Published: June 2017

ResumenEl proyecto Es.Var.Atenuación se interesa por el estudio de la atenuación pragmática a nivel lingüístico, estructural, enunciativo y situacional, en corpus discursivos del español, a fin de reconocer las posibles estrategias atenuantes de un acto comunicativo. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se parte de una ficha de trabajo (Briz y Albelda, 2013. Una propuesta teórica y metodológica para el análisis de la atenuación lingüística en español y portugués. La base de un proyecto común (ES.POR.ATENUACIÓN).Onomázein, 28, pp. 288–319; Albelda, Briz, Cestero, Kotwica y Villalba, 2014. Ficha metodológica para el análisis pragmático de la atenuación en corpus discursivos del español. (ES.POR.ATENUACIÓN).Oralia, 17, pp. 7–62) organizada en cinco bloques de factores: funciones de la atenuación, procedimientos lingüísticos de la atenuación, factores estructurales, factores enunciativos y factores situacionales. A partir de esta ficha de trabajo, el propósito de nuestra investigación es considerar la implicación del componente fonoprosódico de la lengua, de modo que nos centramos en el segundo bloque de factores de la ficha indicada (Procedimientos lingüísticos de la atenuación). Dicho bloque contiene 22 tácticas lingüísticas (y no lingüísticas) de atenuación; de ellas, la táctica 21 se refiere a los elementos prosódicos, paralingüísticos o gestuales y su papel en la expresión de atenuación. Esta táctica, no obstante, debe ser desarrollada para valorar mejor el peso de lo prosódico en la atenuación; se cuenta para ello con la experiencia previa del proyecto Fonocortesía, donde se manejan parámetros segmentales y suprasegmentales (F0, intensidad, duración, curva melódica o pausa, entre otros parámetros) relevantes para la expresión de (des)cortesía verbal (la atenuación es, de hecho, una forma frecuente de cortesía). El objetivo de este trabajo es, en fin, desarrollar metodológicamente la descripción del componente prosódico en la actividad atenuadora, y precisar a través de parámetros acústicos objetivables en qué pueda consistir ese papel atenuante
Clonal Diversity of Otiorhynchus ligustici and O. raucus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Central Ukraine
Authors: Morozov-Leonov S. Yu. , Nazarenko V. Yu. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe clonal diversity in four weevil populations of two species,Otiorhynchus ligustici(Linnaeus, 1758) andO. raucus(Fabricius, 1777), from vicinity of Kyiv is analyzed. Polyclonality and inter-population differentiation in both species is demonstrated. The obtained data about two weevil species clonal diversity are compared with those known for European speciesO. scaber(Linnaeus, 1758).
Religion und Staat in der europäischen Religionsgeschichte
Authors: Trein Lorenz 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der folgende Beitrag geht Verhältnisbestimmungen von Religion und Staat in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel der Religionsgeschichtsschreibung von Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) nach. An der Schnittstelle von Religionswissenschaft, Historik und Historiographiegeschichte wird Geschichtsschreibung der Religion dazu als spezifische Form historischer Sinnbildung in den Blick genommen. Burckhardts Diagnose einer Veränderung des Staatsverständnisses verweist auf eine semantische Verhältnisbestimmung von Religion und Kirche, die Aufschluss über eine Verschiebung des Religionsverständnisses in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts gibt. Darüber hinaus wird eine Ähnlichkeit zwischen Verhältnisbestimmungen von Religion und Staat im öffentlichen Religionsdiskurs der Gegenwart und in der Religionsgeschichtsschreibung im 19. Jahrhundert aufgezeigt.
Corruption in Transition Economies: Cause or Effect?
Authors: Arapović Adisa , Depken Craig A. , Hadžikadić Mirsad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates the empirical relationship between corruption, economic growth, and government spending in fourteen transitioning economies from 1995-2013. We find strong evidence of bilateral Granger causation between economic growth and corruption for the full sample but weaker evidence of such a relationship for four former Yugoslav republics. We also find bilateral Granger causality between government spending and corruption but a weaker unidirectional Granger causality from government spending to corruption in four former Yugoslav republics. Our results recommend caution when assuming that corruption is purely exogenous in empirical models.
Konzeptionen religiöser Bildung an staatlichen Schulen in Deutschland und Frankreich. Der Ansatz der Kulturtransferforschung
Authors: Weidlich Laura 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:
In Deutschland und Frankreich wird grundsätzlich unterschiedlich mit Religion umgegangen, da die Rollen von Kirche und Staat anders verteilt sind. Deswegen gibt es an deutschen Schulen das ordentliche Lehrfach Religion in konfessioneller Ausprägung, während dies in Frankreich an staatlichen Schulen wegen der Laizität nicht umsetzbar ist. Gleichwohl gab und gibt es zwischen beiden Ländern vielfältige Transfer- und Austauschprozesse. Mit dem Ansatz der Kulturtransferforschung können diese beschrieben und Möglichkeiten eines gemeinsamen europäischen Bildungsraums ausgelotet werden.
Religiöse Pluralitätsfähigkeit als Bildungsziel in Norwegen und Deutschland. Eine vergleichende Analyse
Authors: Wolking Lena 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:
In Deutschland wird für das Bildungsziel der Pluralitätsfähigkeit im Evangelischen Religionsunterricht geworben. Die Zunahme religiöser Pluralität nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in Ländern wie Norwegen lässt fragen, inwiefern religiöse Pluralitätsfähigkeit als Bildungsziel auch dort realisiert wird: Wie stellen sich religiöse Lernangebote im Umgang mit religiöser Pluralität dar? Norwegische und deutsche religiöse Lernangebote in Schule und Kirche werden für die Altersgruppe 13–15-Jähriger verglichen. Dies geschieht induktiv mit einer materialen Inhaltsanalyse religionspädagogischer Dokumente. Im Kontext historischer, systematischer und gesellschaftlicher Aspekte wird religiöse Pluralitätsfähigkeit in den Ländern und an den unterschiedlichen Lernorten als Bildungsziel zwar erkennbar, aber in unterschiedlicher Schwerpunktsetzung.
Zwischen Anpassung und Widerstand – Jugendliche im Dialog mit Exodus 1
Authors: Spiering-Schomborg Nele 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung:
„Warum waren sie so herzlos?“ fragt Lena und adressiert damit die Figuren von Ex 1. Die 14-jährige Schülerin hat soeben das erste Kapitel des Exodusbuches gelesen. Ex 1 gehört zu jenen Texten des Ersten Testaments, in welchen Gewalt und Ungleichheit z. B. durch die Interdependenz von Herkunft, ökonomischem Status oder das Geschlecht von Figuren ausgelöst werden. Um solchen kategorialen Verschränkungen auf den Grund zu gehen, hat sich in der deutschsprachigen Forschung die Signatur intersectionality etabliert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag möchte ich diese Perspektive zunächst fachwissenschaftlich bzw. -didaktisch zur Geltung bringen und daraufhin Interpretationen von Jugendlichen, die im Austausch mit Ex 1 entstanden sind, u. a. entlang von intersektionalen Einschreibungen abbilden.
Écriture et interlecte littéraire chez Senghor : étude de sociolinguistique poétique (post)coloniale
Authors: Jablonka Frank 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The present article is an attempt to conceptualize Senghor’s poetic writing from a point of view of contact and variational linguistics. According to Senghor’s own formation in linguistics and anthropology, we take into account a perspective of anthropological linguistics of language contact between French and African languages in Senegal. By virtue of the colonial and postcolonial contact situation emerges an interlectal variety of French which impacts the literary writing. At the same time, Senghor’s poetic writing in an interlectal variety, which integrates also elements from Arabic and classical and modern European languages, enriches the repertoire of Francophony, one of his main political projects. The emerging French literary interlect represents a form of appropriation of African culture as a strategic aspect of Senghor’s civilizational project of Négritude.
Asignación de imprentas y años de publicación de las ediciones del Viaje de América a Roma, de José de Castro: valoración para su edición crítica
Authors: Rodríguez Domínguez Guadalupe 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The article focuses, from a textual-bibliographical viewpoint, on the testimonies of the Viaje de America a Roma written by Jose de Castro and published during the second half of the 17th century. The lack of any editorial information in the testimonies required a deep analysis to establish their relationship in order to proceed to a critical edition of the text. The methodology followed in this study included three main aspects, 1) the material study of the text, 2) collecting archive data and 3) the information provided by the text itself. By joining all this information, it has been possible to identify the printer, place and year of the first edition of the text as well as the second edition. Besides that, the article provides information about the textual and bibliographical description of each edition, its bibliographical tradition and the libraries in which the remaining copies are kept.
Synergistic action of auxin and cytokinin mediates aluminum‐induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Zhong‐Bao , Liu Guangchao , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Bing , Meng Wenjing , Müller Bruno , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Zhang Xiansheng , Zhao Zhong , De Smet Ive , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAuxin acts synergistically with cytokinin to control the shoot stem‐cell niche, while both hormones act antagonistically to maintain the root meristem. In aluminum (Al) stress‐induced root growth inhibition, auxin plays an important role. However, the role of cytokinin in this process is not well understood. In this study, we show that cytokinin enhances root growth inhibition under stress by mediating Al‐induced auxin signaling. Al stress triggers a local cytokinin response in the root‐apex transition zone (TZ) that depends on IPTs, which encode adenosine phosphate isopentenyltransferases and regulate cytokinin biosynthesis. IPTs are up‐regulated specifically in the root‐apex TZ in response to Al stress and promote local cytokinin biosynthesis and inhibition of root growth. The process of root growth inhibition is also controlled by ethylene signaling which acts upstream of auxin. In summary, different from the situation in the root meristem, auxin acts with cytokinin in a synergistic way to mediate aluminum‐induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis.
Cytonuclear Epistasis Controls the Density of SymbiontWolbachia pipientisin Nongonadal Tissues of MosquitoCulex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Emerson Kevin J , Glaser Robert L 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWolbachia pipientis, a bacterial symbiont infecting arthropods and nematodes, is vertically transmitted through the female germline and manipulates its host’s reproduction to favor infected females. Wolbachia also infects somatic tissues where it can cause nonreproductive phenotypes in its host, including resistance to viral pathogens. Wolbachia-mediated phenotypes are strongly associated with the density of Wolbachia in host tissues. Little is known, however, about how Wolbachia density is regulated in native or heterologous hosts. Here, we measure the broad-sense heritability of Wolbachia density among families in field populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens, and show that densities in ovary and nongonadal tissues of females in the same family are not correlated, suggesting that Wolbachia density is determined by distinct mechanisms in the two tissues. Using introgression analysis between two different strains of the closely related species C. quinquefasciatus, we show that Wolbachia densities in ovary tissues are determined primarily by cytoplasmic genotype, while densities in nongonadal tissues are determined by both cytoplasmic and nuclear genotypes and their epistatic interactions. Quantitative-trait-locus mapping identified two major-effect quantitative-trait loci in the C. quinquefasciatus genome explaining a combined 23% of variance in Wolbachia density, specifically in nongonadal tissues. A better understanding of how Wolbachia density is regulated will provide insights into how Wolbachia density can vary spatiotemporally in insect populations, leading to changes in Wolbachia-mediated phenotypes such as viral pathogen resistance.
Unique Allelic eQTL Clusters in Human MHC Haplotypes
Authors: Lam Tze Hau , Shen Meixin , Tay Matthew Zirui , Ren Ee Chee 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The control of gene regulation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) remains poorly understood, despite several expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies revealing an association of MHC gene expression with independent tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). MHC haplotype variation may exert a greater effect on gene expression phenotype than specific single variants. To explore the effect of MHC haplotype sequence diversity on gene expression phenotypes across the MHC, we examined the MHC transcriptomic landscape at haplotype-specific resolution for three prominent MHC haplotypes (A2-B46-DR9, A33-B58-DR3, and A1-B8-DR3) derived from MHC-homozygous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs). We demonstrate that MHC-wide gene expression patterns are dictated by underlying haplotypes, and identify 36 differentially expressed genes. By mapping these haplotype sequence variations to known eQTL, we provide evidence that unique allelic combinations of eQTL, embedded within haplotypes, are correlated with the level of expression of 17 genes. Interestingly, the influence of haplotype sequence on gene expression is not homogenous across the MHC. We show that haplotype sequence polymorphisms within or proximate to HLA-A, HLA-C, C4A, and HLA-DRB regions exert haplotype-specific gene regulatory effects, whereas the expression of genes in other parts of the MHC region are not affected by the haplotype sequence. Overall, we demonstrate that MHC haplotype sequence diversity can impact phenotypic outcome via the alteration of transcriptional variability, indicating that a haplotype-based approach is fundamental for the assessment of trait associations in the MHC.