bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strigolactones, karrikins and beyond
Authors: De Cuyper Carolien , Struk Sylwia , Braem Lukas , Gevaert Kris , De Jaeger Geert , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe plant hormones strigolactones are synthesized from carotenoids and signal via the α/β hydrolase DWARF 14 (D14) and the F‐box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2). Karrikins, molecules produced upon fire, share MAX2 for signalling, but depend on the D14 paralog KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) for perception with strong evidence that the MAX2–KAI2 protein complex might also recognize so far unknown plant‐made karrikin‐like molecules. Thus, the phenotypes of the max2 mutants are the complex consequence of a loss of both D14‐dependent and KAI2‐dependent signalling, hence, the reason why some biological roles, attributed to strigolactones based on max2 phenotypes, could never be observed in d14 or in the strigolactone‐deficient max3 and max4 mutants. Moreover, the broadly used synthetic strigolactone analog rac‐GR24 has been shown to mimic strigolactone as well as karrikin(‐like) signals, providing an extra level of complexity in the distinction of the unique and common roles of both molecules in plant biology. Here, a critical overview is provided of the diverse biological processes regulated by strigolactones and/or karrikins. These two growth regulators are considered beyond their boundaries, and the importance of the yet unknown karrikin‐like molecules is discussed as well.
Diet quality of children post‐liver transplantation does not differ from healthy children
Authors: Alzaben Abeer S. , MacDonald Krista , Robert Cheri , Haqq Andrea , Gilmour Susan M. , Yap Jason , Mager Diana R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLittle has been studied regarding the diets of children following LTX. The study aim was to assess and compare dietary intake and DQ of healthy children and children post‐LTX. Children and adolescents (2‐18 years) post‐LTX (n=27) and healthy children (n=28) were studied. Anthropometric and demographic data and two 24‐hour recalls (one weekend; one weekday) were collected. Intake of added sugar, HFCS, fructose, GI, and GL was calculated. DQ was measured using three validated DQ indices: the HEI‐C, the DGI‐CA, and the DQI‐I. Although no differences in weight‐for‐age z‐scores were observed between groups, children post‐LTX had lower height‐for‐age z‐scores than healthy children (P<.01). With the exception of vitamin B12, no significant differences in energy and macronutrient (protein, carbohydrate, and fat), added sugar, HFCS, fructose, GI, GL, and micronutrient intakes and DQ indices (HEI‐C, DGI‐CA, and DQI‐I) between groups were observed (P>.05). The majority of children in both groups (>40%) had low DQ scores. No significant interrelationships between dietary intake, anthropometric, and demographic were found (P>.05). Both healthy and children post‐LTX consume diets with poor DQ. This has implications for risk of obesity and metabolic dysregulation, particularly in transplant populations on immunosuppressive therapies.
On the Wiener–Hopf Method for Surface Plasmons: Diffraction from Semiinfinite Metamaterial Sheet
Authors: Margetis Dionisios , Maier Matthias , Luskin Mitchell 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBy formally invoking the Wiener–Hopf method, we explicitly solve a one‐dimensional, singular integral equation for the excitation of a slowly decaying electromagnetic wave, called surface plasmon‐polariton (SPP), of small wavelength on a semiinfinite, flat conducting sheet irradiated by a plane wave in two spatial dimensions. This setting is germane to wave diffraction by edges of large sheets of single‐layer graphene. Our analytical approach includes (i) formulation of a functional equation in the Fourier domain; (ii) evaluation of a split function, which is expressed by a contour integral and is a key ingredient of the Wiener–Hopf factorization; and (iii) extraction of the SPP as a simple‐pole residue of a Fourier integral. Our analytical solution is in good agreement with a finite‐element numerical computation.
Quantitative assessment of wound healing using high‐frequency ultrasound image analysis
Authors: Mohafez H. , Ahmad S. A. , Hadizadeh M. , Moghimi S. , Roohi S. A. , Marhaban M. H. , Saripan M. I. , Rampal S. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeWe aimed to develop a method for quantitative assessment of wound healing in ulcerated diabetic feet.MethodsHigh‐frequency ultrasound (HFU) images of 30 wounds were acquired in a controlled environment on post‐debridement days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Meaningful features portraying changes in structure and intensity of echoes during healing were extracted from the images, their relevance and discriminatory power being verified by analysis of variance. Relative analysis of tissue healing was conducted by developing a features‐based healing function, optimised using the pattern‐search method. Its performance was investigated through leave‐one‐out cross‐validation technique and reconfirmed using principal component analysis.ResultsThe constructed healing function could depict tissue changes during healing with 87.8% accuracy. The first principal component derived from the extracted features demonstrated similar pattern to the constructed healing function, accounting for 86.3% of the data variance.ConclusionThe developed wound analysis technique could be a viable tool in quantitative assessment of diabetic foot ulcers during healing.
Heterotypic endosomal fusion as an initial trigger for insulin‐induced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Hatakeyama Hiroyasu , Kanzaki Makoto 
Published: May 2017

Key points
Comprehensive imaging analyses of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) behaviour in mouse skeletal muscle was conducted.
Quantum dot‐based single molecule nanometry revealed that GLUT4 molecules in skeletal myofibres are governed by regulatory systems involving ‘static retention’ and ‘stimulus‐dependent liberation’.
Vital imaging analyses and super‐resolution microscopy‐based morphometry demonstrated that insulin liberates the GLUT4 molecule from its static state by triggering acute heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from the very small GLUT4‐containing vesicles in skeletal myofibres.
Prior exposure to exercise‐mimetic stimuli potentiated this insulin‐responsive endomembrane fusion event involving GLUT4‐containing vesicles, suggesting that this endomembranous regulation process is a potential site related to the effects of exercise.
AbstractSkeletal muscle is the major systemic glucose disposal site. Both insulin and exercise facilitate translocation of the glucose transporter glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) via distinct signalling pathways and exercise also enhances insulin sensitivity. However, the trafficking mechanisms controlling GLUT4 mobilization in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood as a resuly of technical limitations. In the present study, which employs various imaging techniques on isolated skeletal myofibres, we show that one of the initial triggers of insulin‐induced GLUT4 translocation is heterotypic endomembrane fusion arising from very small static GLUT4‐containing vesicles with a subset of transferrin receptor‐containing endosomes. Importantly, pretreatment with exercise‐mimetic stimuli potentiated the susceptibility to insulin responsiveness, as indicated by these acute endomembranous activities. We also found that AS160 exhibited stripe‐like localization close to sarcomeric α‐actinin and that insulin induced a reduction of the stripe‐like localization accompanying changes in its detergent solubility. The results of the present study thus provide a conceptual framework indicating that GLUT4 protein trafficking via heterotypic fusion is a critical feature of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles and also suggest that the efficacy of the endomembranous fusion process in response to insulin is involved in the benefits of exercise.
When Children’s Perceived and Actual Motor Competence Mismatch: Sport Participation and Gender Differences
Authors: Pesce Caterina , Masci Ilaria , Marchetti Rosalba , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Schmidt Mirko 
Published: May 2017

This study examined the (mis)match between children’s perceived and actual motor skill competence, the role played by sport practice and gender when children under- or overestimate their motor competence, and the biomechanical correlates of perceived competence and perceived–actual competence (mis)match. Ninety children aged 7.5±1.2 years performed the Tests of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), with a subsample of 44 children wearing inertial sensor devices for objective measurement of running and throwing, and completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence. Scores of perceived locomotor and object control competence were regressed on TGMD data. Underestimators (UE), realists (R), and overestimators (OE) were identified and it was assessed whether they differed in gender, amount of sport practice, and selected biomechanical parameters. Differences emerged with respect to gender, with most girls underestimating and most boys overestimating their object control competence, and with respect to sport participation, with OE of locomotor competence practicing a larger amount of sport than UE. Some kinematic parameters were associated with perceived competence without differences between UE, R, and OE. Results suggest: (a) the need for specific motivation strategies to ensure a skill-appropriate enhancement of perceived competence in girls; (b) the relevance of feeling skilled for sport practice; (c) the added value of biomechanical assessment to further our understanding of perceived motor competence.
Environmental and Behavioral Influences of Physical Activity in Junior High School Students
Authors: Lorenz Kent A. , van der Mars Hans , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , Ainsworth Barbara E. , Hovell Melbourne F. 
Published: May 2017

Background:Increasing access and opportunity for physical activity (PA) in schools are effective; however, not everyone experiences the same effects. Prompting and reinforcement may encourage more frequent participation in recreational PA during the school day. The purpose of this study was to investigate a lunchtime PA intervention on whole school PA participation and whether behavioral support enhanced these effects.Methods:A modified reversal design compared an environmental and an environmental plus behavioral support intervention on lunchtime PA participation versus baseline levels in a suburban junior high school in the western United States (N = 1452). PA and related contextual data were collected using systematic observation.Results:Significantly more girls and boys were observed in PA during the interventions compared with baseline phases (F2,1173 = 13.52, P < .0001, η2 = .023; F2,1173 = 20.14, P < .0001, η2 = .033, for girls and boys, respectively). There were no significant differences between the environmental phase and the environment plus behavioral support phase.Conclusion:Providing access and opportunity significantly increased the number of girls and boys observed in PA during a lunchtime program, with no additive effects of behavioral support. Further research into providing the individual-level contingencies at an institutional level is needed.
Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Staiano Amanda E. 
Published: May 2017

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.
Optimisation and validation of a remote monitoring system (Onco-TreC) for home-based management of oral anticancer therapies: an Italian multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Passardi Alessandro , Rizzo Mimma , Maines Francesca , Tondini Carlo , Zambelli Alberto , Vespignani Roberto , Andreis Daniele , Massa Ilaria , Dianti Marco , Forti Stefano , Piras Enrico Maria , Eccher Claudio 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionDespite the growing number of oral agents available for cancer treatment, their efficacy may be reduced due to the lack of adherence, inappropriate adverse event self-management and arbitrary dose adjustment. The management of anticancer therapies could exponentially benefit from the introduction of mobile health technologies in a highly integrated electronic oncology system.Methods and analysisWe plan to customise and fine-tune an existing monitoring TreC platform used in different chronic diseases in the oncology setting. This project follows a multistep approach with two major purposes: 1. participatory design techniques driven by Health Literacy and Patient Reported Outcomes principles in order to adapt the system to the oncology setting involving patients and healthcare providers; 2. a prospective training-validation, interventional, non-pharmacological, multicentre study on a series of consecutive patients with cancer (20 and 60 patients in the training and validation steps, respectively) in order to assess system capability, usability and acceptability. The novel Onco-TreC 2.0 is expected to contribute to improving the adherence and safety of cancer care, promoting patient empowerment and patient–doctor communication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Independent Ethics Committees of the participating institutions (CEIIAV protocol Number 2549/2015; reference Number 1315-PU). Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and event presentations.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02921724); (Pre-results). Other study ID Number: IRST100.18.
The accuracy of postoperative, non-invasive Air-Test to diagnose atelectasis in healthy patients after surgery: a prospective, diagnostic pilot study
Authors: Ferrando Carlos , Romero Carolina , Tusman Gerardo , Suarez-Sipmann Fernando , Canet Jaume , Dosdá Rosa , Valls Paola , Villena Abigail , Serralta Ferran , Jurado Ana , Carrizo Juan , Navarro Jose , Parrilla Cristina , Romero Jose E , Pozo Natividad , Soro Marina , Villar Jesús , Belda Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) while breathing room air for 5 min (the ‘Air-Test’) in detecting postoperative atelectasis.DesignProspective cohort study. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by measuring the agreement between the index test and the reference standard CT scan images.SettingPostanaesthetic care unit in a tertiary hospital in Spain.ParticipantsThree hundred and fifty patients from 12 January to 7 February 2015; 170 patients scheduled for surgery under general anaesthesia who were admitted into the postsurgical unit were included.InterventionThe Air-Test was performed in conscious extubated patients after a 30 min stabilisation period during which they received supplemental oxygen therapy via a venturi mask. The Air-Test was defined as positive when SpO2was ≤96% and negative when SpO2was ≥97%. Arterial blood gases were measured in all patients at the end of the Air-Test. In the subsequent 25 min, the presence of atelectasis was evaluated by performing a CT scan in 59 randomly selected patients.Main outcome measuresThe primary study outcome was assessment of the accuracy of the Air-Test for detecting postoperative atelectasis compared with the reference standard. The secondary outcome was the incidence of positive Air-Test results.ResultsThe Air-Test diagnosed postoperative atelectasis with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.98) with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 87.8%. The presence of atelectasis was confirmed by CT scans in all patients (30/30) with positive and in 5 patients (17%) with negative Air-Test results. Based on the Air-Test, postoperative atelectasis was present in 36% of the patients (62 out of 170).ConclusionThe Air-Test may represent an accurate, simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method for diagnosing postoperative atelectasis.Trial RegistrationNCT02650037.
Term admissions to neonatal units in England: a role for transitional care? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Battersby Cheryl , Michaelides Stephanie , Upton Michele , Rennie Janet M 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo identify the primary reasons for term admissions to neonatal units in England, to determine risk factors for admissions for jaundice and to estimate the proportion who can be cared for in a transitional setting without separation of mother and baby.DesignRetrospective observational study using neonatal unit admission data from the National Neonatal Research Database and data of live births in England from the Office for National Statistics.SettingAll 163 neonatal units in England 2011–2013.Participants133 691 term babies born ≥37 weeks gestational age and admitted to neonatal units in England.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary reasons for admission, term babies admitted for the primary reason of jaundice, patient characteristics, postnatal age at admission, total length of stay, phototherapy, intravenous fluids, exchange transfusion and kernicterus.ResultsRespiratory disease was the most common reason for admission overall, although jaundice was the most common reason for admission from home (22% home vs 5% hospital). Risk factors for admission for jaundice include male, born at 37 weeks gestation, Asian ethnicity and multiple birth. The majority of babies received only a brief period of phototherapy, and only a third received intravenous fluids, suggesting that some may be appropriately managed without separation of mother and baby. Admission from home was significantly later (3.9 days) compared with those admitted from elsewhere in the hospital (1.7 days) (p<0.001).ConclusionAround two-thirds of term admissions for jaundice may be appropriately managed in a transitional care setting, avoiding separation of mother and baby. Babies with risk factors may benefit from a community midwife postnatal visit around the third day of life to enable early referral if necessary. We recommend further work at the national level to examine provision and barriers to transitional care, referral pathways between primary and secondary care, and community postnatal care.
Atypical aspirates of the breast: a dilemma in current cytology practice
Authors: Yu Shuang-Ni , Li Joshua , Wong Sio-In , Tsang Julia Y S , Ni Yun-Bi , Chen Jie , Tse Gary M 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe probabilistic approach is widely adopted for breast fine needle aspiration cytology. However, a definite cytological diagnosis is not always possible for C3 (atypia) cases, which poses a management dilemma as this represents a mixed category of benign and malignant cases. It would be beneficial to be able to predict malignancy based on specific cytological features in C3 aspirates.MethodsA comprehensive panel of cytological features (including quantitative, cytomorphological and background features) in a large cohort of C3 breast aspirates with subsequent histological excisions was evaluated to identify relevant morphological criteria predicting the risk of subsequent malignancy.ResultsA total of 229 C3 specimens with histological follow-up were included. Malignant outcome was found in 30.1% of specimens and the majority were invasive cancers. Features that showed a significant association with malignant outcome included older age (p=0.001), lower percentage of epithelial cell clusters and high percentage of single cells (p=0.002), cribriform architecture in cell clusters (p=0.034), presence of intracellular mucin (p=0.027), increased cell clusters without myoepithelial cells (p=0.048), diminished fibromyxoid stromal fragments (p=0.001), reduced bipolar nuclei (p=0.021) and the presence of necrosis (p=0.023). Except for the percentages of single cells and cell clusters without myoepithelial cells, all other features were shown to be independent risk predictors in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsC3 aspirates were associated with a significant probability of histological malignancy. Certain quantitative, cytomorphological and background features were potentially helpful in predicting the risk of a malignant outcome. The prediction could be clinically useful in the management of C3 cases.
DNA repair gene expressions are related to bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro Howard L , Maia Allan Rodrigo S , de Oliveira Roberta Taiane G , Costa Marília Braga , Farias Izabelle Rocha , de Paula Borges Daniela , de Sousa Juliana Cordeiro , Magalhães Silvia Maria M , Pinheiro Ronald F 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of genes related to nuclear excision (ERCC8,XPAandXPC), homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (ATM,BRCA1,BRCA2andLIG4) repair mechanisms, using quantitative PCR methodologies, and it relation with bone marrow cellularity in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Methods and resultsA total of 51 adult de novo patients with MDS (3 refractory anaemia (RA), 11 refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), 28 refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD), 3 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type I (RAEB-I), 5 refractory anaemia with excess blasts type II (RAEB-II), and 1 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were evaluated. For karyotype, 16.2% patients were defined as very low prognosis, 59.5% low risk, 8.1% intermediate risk, 5.4% high risk and 10.8% very high risk. For bone marrow cellularity, 17.6%, 17.6% and 64.7% presented as hypocellular, normocellular and hypercellular, respectively. Patients with hypocellular MDS had significantly decreased expression ofATM(p=0.000), BRCA1(p=0.014),BRCA2(p=0.003), LIG4(p=0.004) andERCC8(p=0.000) than those with normocellular/hypercellular bone marrow, whereasXPA(p=0.049) andXPC(p=0.000) genes were increased. In patients with hypoplastic MDS, a low expression ofATM(p=0.0268),LIG4(p=0.0199) andERCC8(p=0.0493) was significantly associated with the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. We detected positive correlations betweenBRCA1andBRCA2(r=0.416; p=0.007),ATMandLIG4(r=0.472; p=0.001),LIG4andBRCA1(r=0.333; p=0.026),LIG4andBRCA2(r=0.334; p=0.025),ATMandXPA(r=0.377; p=0.008),ATMandXPC(r=0.287; p=0.046),LIG4andXPC(r=0.371; p=0.007) andXPAandXPCgenes (r=0.895; p=0.0000). We also found among all patients evaluated that correlation withLIG4occurred most often.ConclusionsThese correlations demonstrate the important intrinsic relations between single and double DNA strand breaks genes in MDS, emphasising that these genes are related to MDS pathogenesis.