bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain part 7: trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Jurge Sabine 
Published: August 2017

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is also known as ‘tic douloureux’ (in French, ‘painful twitch’). It is a rare chronic facial pain syndrome, characterized by severe, brief, stabbing, ‘electric shock-like’ recurrent pain attacks felt in one or more divisions of trigeminal nerve innervation areas. So intense is the elicited pain that TN has a significant effect on a sufferer's quality of life, rendering many patients unable to consider a future with the ongoing threat of recurrent pain. The aim of this article is to discuss the diagnosis and management of this disabling facial pain condition. CPD/Clinical Relevance: As general medical practitioners may struggle differentiating TN from toothache, primary care dentists have an important role in excluding odontogenic cause of pain, diagnosing TN and referring patients to a facial pain clinic for further investigations and multidisciplinary team management.
Training plates: a solution for patients unable to tolerate a removable prosthesis
Authors: Laverty Dominic P , Walmsley A Damien 
Published: August 2017

Dealing with patients who are unable to tolerate dentures can present a challenge to the general dental practitioner (GDP). Careful assessment of patients and their dentures will identify any causes of the intolerance to dentures. Training plates are a useful technique that can be used to allow patients to become accustomed to removable prosthesis but will inevitably lengthen the treatment process. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Training plates offer a possible solution to general dental practitioners who treat patients who are struggling to tolerate dentures.
Antimuscarinics in older people: dry mouth and beyond
Authors: Bostock Clare , McDonald Christopher 
Published: August 2017

Many common prescription and over-the-counter medications have antimuscarinic effects. Antimuscarinics are a well recognized cause of dry mouth, with potential to cause other physical and cognitive adverse effects. A comprehensive medication review in a patient presenting with dry mouth can lead to overall health improvements. Scoring systems can be helpful in identifying antimuscarinic drugs and their adverse effects. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Antimuscarinic drug use is prevalent and a common cause of dry mouth. Older people are particularly susceptible to antimuscarinic adverse effects.
Rehabilitation of an edentulous maxilla in a patient with isolated cleft palate
Authors: Valizadeh Bardia , Barzanji S Agrin , Patel Mital , Shahdad Shakeel 
Published: August 2017

This article aims to discuss the use of short dental implants in cleft patients, the construction of an implant-retained obturator and the use of a Createch® milled titanium bar with three Locator® overdenture attachments incorporated within the bar. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Implant-retained obturators offer a possible solution for treating patients with isolated cleft palate who are struggling with dentures due to the unfavourable soft and hard tissue profile. This paper demonstrates how to manage such patients and shows all the clinical and laboratory stages involved.
Oral cancer red flags – a case of misdiagnosis
Authors: Lambeth Ruth E , Shaikh Zarina S , Adcock Stephen D 
Published: August 2017

The clinical presentations of oral malignancy are diverse. This short article discusses a case of a late-presenting oral malignancy and signifies the importance of general dental and medical practitioners' knowledge in the diagnosis of oral malignancy. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Oral malignancy is a life-threatening diagnosis. The importance of a structured systematic approach in the diagnosis is discussed.
Resin-bonded bridges – the problem or the solution? part 2: practical techniques
Authors: Gulati Jasneet Singh , Tabiat-Pour Sara , Watkins Sophie , Banerjee Avijit 
Published: August 2017

This is the second part of this two-part series. The first paper discussed key aspects of case selection, planning and design of resin-bonded bridges (RBBs). This paper outlines the important clinical stages involved in the successful provision of RBBs, including communication with the dental laboratory, clinical protocols and management of the de-bonded RBB. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to provide the general dental practitioner with a practical guide to the successful provision of RBBs, highlighting common barriers to successful treatment and how these may be overcome.
A case series: the orthodontic management of central incisors with horizontal root fractures
Authors: Kneafsey Louise C , Hodges Samantha J 
Published: August 2017

This case series illustrates the successful orthodontic management of previously root-fractured central incisors. Orthodontic treatment was carried out to correct the underlying malocclusion, remove traumatic occlusal forces and to provide a suitable occlusion for future restorative treatment should the root-fractured teeth be lost in the future. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental trauma occurs commonly; having affected 10% of orthodontic patients. All practitioners should be able to discuss the possibility of orthodontic treatment with patients who have had previous trauma to their front teeth.
Mouth cancer for clinicians part 13: life after mouth cancer treatment
Authors: Kalavrezos Nicholas , Scully Crispian 
Published: August 2017

A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team, in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. Clinical Relevance: This article offers the dental team an overview of prognostication, quality of life and oral and dental healthcare.
Human factors and ergonomics for the dental profession
Authors: Ross Al 
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes that the science of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) is suitable for wide application in dental education, training and practice to improve safety, quality and efficiency. Three areas of interest are highlighted. First it is proposed that individual and team Non-Technical Skills (NTS), such as communication, leadership and stress management can improve error rates and efficiency of procedures. Secondly, in a physically and technically challenging environment, staff can benefit from ergonomic principles which examine design in supporting safe work. Finally, examination of organizational human factors can help anticipate stressors and plan for flexible responses to multiple, variable demands, and fluctuating resources. CPD/Clinical Relevance: HFE is an evidence-based approach to reducing error rates and procedural complications, and avoiding problems associated with stress and fatigue. Improved teamwork and organizational planning and efficiency can impact directly on patient outcomes.
Mouth cancer for clinicians part 14: cancer prevention
Authors: Kalavrezos Nicholas , Scully Crispian 
Published: August 2017

A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. Clinical Relevance: This article offers the dental team an overview of cancer prevention.
Frequently asked questions about vital tooth whitening
Authors: Mchantaf Emilie , Mansour Hicham , Sabbagh Joseph , Feghali Mireille , McConnell Robbie J 
Published: August 2017

Improving patients' aesthetics is an important request in daily practice. Tooth whitening is a treatment option available for improving aesthetics. This paper will pose questions asked by our patients on bleaching techniques and outcomes and offer appropriate up-to-date answers. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper addresses the most important questions raised by patients and colleagues concerning vital tooth whitening (VTW).
Head and neck cancer patients – information for the general dental practitioner
Authors: Noone Jennifer , Barclay Craig 
Published: August 2017

Salivary gland damage is the most common adverse effect associated with radiation therapy to the head and neck. A combination of hyposalivation and dietary changes, with a reduced emphasis on oral hygiene practices can contribute to a massive increase in a person's caries risk status. This can be further complicated by limited mouth opening. To enable optimal dental care for head and neck cancer patients before, during and after radiation therapy, patients must be informed and educated about the potential risks of dental caries and the preventive strategies available. All patients should receive a pre-radiotherapy dental assessment by a Restorative Dentistry Consultant. This information will be delivered to the patient, often at an emotionally charged time, and can be lost amongst all the information related to other aspects of his/her cancer management. General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) are therefore in a pivotal position to reiterate this information post radiation therapy and ensure compliance with preventive strategies, with the overall aim to improve quality of life and avoid the need for future extractions and the resulting risk of osteoradionecrosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the GDP's role in the shared management of head and neck cancer patients who have received radiotherapy as part of their cancer treatment. The critical issue of dental caries, one of the late effects of radiation-induced hyposalivation, will be focused upon. Other side-effects, such as trismus and osteoradionecrosis, will also be discussed. This article aims to supply GDPs with accurate information to provide to their patients with post radiation therapy, whilst highlighting what treatment is within their remit and when it may be appropriate to refer.
The use of all-ceramic resin-bonded bridges in the anterior aesthetic zone
Authors: Shah Rupal , Laverty Dominic P 
Published: August 2017

For several years, all-ceramic resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) have been considered an aesthetic treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth in the anterior region. With continued developments in technology, various different ceramic materials have been used to fabricate all-ceramic RBBs including zirconia, glass-reinforced, alumina-based ceramics, and lithium disilicate glass ceramics. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of all-ceramic RBBs, the advantages and disadvantages associated with these prostheses, as well as to demonstrate their application in replacing missing anterior teeth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To present the current literature and clinical application of all-ceramic resin-bonded bridges for replacing missing anterior teeth.
An update on current resuscitation council (UK) guidelines
Authors: McKernon Sarah L , Kaura Laura , Taylor Kathryn H , Reid Samantha , Balmer Mary C 
Published: August 2017

On 15 October 2015, The Resuscitation Council (UK) published new resuscitation guidelines following the review of resuscitation science by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). The 2015 guidelines emphasize the importance of interactions between the emergency medical dispatcher, the bystander who provides cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the prompt deployment of an automated external defibrillator (AED); the co-ordination of these three elements is crucial to improving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Medical emergencies in dental practices are thought to occur on average once every 3–4 years per dentist in primary care. The GDC consider medical emergencies as a highly recommended topic for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and recommend at least 10 hours in every CPD cycle. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The publication of the updated guidelines serves as a reminder to the clinical team of the importance of being up to date with recognition and treatment of cardiac arrest and choking and how seamless interaction between members of both the dental and medical teams improves long-term outcomes for patients.
How to minimize repeat dental general anaesthetics
Authors: Lawson Jennifer , Owen Jayne , Deery Chris 
Published: August 2017

This article aims to provide general dental practitioners (GDPs) with the knowledge to improve their referrals primarily for children who they feel require a dental general anaesthetic. It discusses the impact of a general anaesthetic (GA) on a child and the financial impacts of dental general anaesthetics (DGAs). The risks of DGAs are well recognized and the ways in which the dental team in primary, secondary care and service commissioners can reduce the risk of repeat DGAs are discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists should be aware of the risks involved in GA and the importance of reducing repeat DGAs.
Diagnosis and management of chronic and aggressive periodontitis part 2: periodontal management
Authors: Chatzistavrianou Despoina , Blair Fiona 
Published: August 2017

The first paper of this three-part series discussed periodontal disease pathogenesis and highlighted elements in the clinical assessment which will help the clinician to establish the diagnosis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. This second paper will focus on the management of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Finally, the diagnosis and management of chronic and aggressive periodontitis will be reviewed in the third part of the series using two clinical examples. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to provide the general dental practitioner with an understanding of the aim of periodontal treatment, the management of chronic and aggressive periodontitis and the prognosis of periodontally involved teeth.
Ceramic fracture in metal-ceramic restorations: the aetiology
Authors: Aslam Ayesha , Khan Danish Azeem , Hassan Syed Hammad , Ahmed Bilal 
Published: August 2017

All dental restorations are liable to failure during function. Failure could be biologic, aesthetic, mechanical or a combination. Ceramic restorations in particular, including metal-ceramics, are prone to mechanical fracture, especially the fracture of veneering porcelain. Fracture of a metal-ceramic restoration jeopardizes function as well as aesthetics. It is equally onerous to manage for both patient and dentist. Optimal management of such cases requires a detailed knowledge of the aetiology behind this phenomenon. The current paper aims to highlight possible causative factors involved in the mechanical failures of metal-ceramic restorations. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Ceramic fracture in metal-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures is routinely encountered in dental clinics. Knowledge of the aetiology is required to diagnose and manage such cases accurately as well as to avoid these errors in future.
Long-term complications of dental trauma
Authors: Burns Beth C , Crane Lynnsey E , Hannah Victoria E 
Published: August 2017

Dental injuries are a relatively common occurrence and need to be managed well in general dental practice in order to produce the most favourable outcome for patients. Dental practitioners should familiarize themselves with the guidelines provided by the International Association of Dental Traumatology discussed herein. These guidelines clearly state how dental injuries should be managed, including suggested review. Dentists should be aware of injuries that are most likely to require input from specialist services and relative risks of long-term complications and how to identify these. Early identification of such complications should prompt referral to specialist services. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ability to treat dental trauma in light of knowledge of long-term complications is of importance to the general dental practitioner.
An enlarged sella
Authors: Seehra J , Coutts F 
Published: August 2017

Lateral cephalograms are commonly used within orthodontics to evaluate the relationship of both the maxilla and mandible to the cranial base. A case of an enlarged sella turcica detected, as an incidental finding, on a lateral cephalogram is presented. Subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis of a pituitary tumour consistent with acromegaly. The aetiology and diagnosis of an abnormal radiographic appearance of sella turcica is discussed.
Orthodontic alignment of wisdom teeth: a case report
Authors: Albeedh Hussein , Shah Anwar A , Sandler Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

Aligning wisdom teeth can often be a difficult and unwarranted procedure. This may be because of the position of the tooth, making access almost impossible, or the degree of impaction, which may prolong the treatment to an unacceptable level. Often, however, wisdom tooth alignment can be carried out without unduly prolonging the total treatment time. In this report we will discuss a case in which lower third molars were aligned to avoid the need for a surgical extraction, thus avoiding the surgical trauma and preventing the possible post operative complications often associated with this procedure.
Molar double tubes: enhancing orthodontic mechanics
Authors: Patel Jigar , Spary David , Edwards Ian 
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to highlight the benefits of the use of double tubes on molar bands. The specific techniques that can be utilized during fixed appliance treatment are described. These techniques have the advantage of allowing a greater number of treatment mechanics to be used during treatment and therefore increasing treatment efficiency. Clinical Relevance: Molar double tubes allow the orthodontist to utilize multiple treatment mechanics, which will inevitably shorten the fixed appliance treatment time.
Tensile strength of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures – in vitro
Authors: Jamilian Abdolreza , Nasoohi Negin , Sheibaninia Ahmad , Kamali Zinat , Meibodi Mohammadreza Hakimi 
Published: August 2017

One hundred elastomeric ligatures from one manufacturer were chosen for this study: 10 ligatures were tested at room temperature; the other 90 ligatures were divided into three equal groups and were stretched over stainless steel dowels. Group 1 samples were kept in artificial saliva. Group 2 samples were rinsed twice a day with 15 ml of Orthokin®, each time for 1 minute, and the Group 3 samples were rinsed twice a day with 15 ml of Oral B®, each time for 30 seconds, both samples being immersed in another artificial saliva prior to being put back in the test tubes. Each time, 10 of the samples were tested for their tensile strength at different intervals of 1, 7 and 28 days until they ruptured. One-way and two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for evaluation. Clinical Relevance: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of Orthokin®, Oral-B®, and artificial saliva on tensile bond strength of elastomeric ligatures.
Diagnosis and treatment of missing upper lateral incisors part 2
Authors: Parvizi Farnaz , Dawson Michael , Day Christian 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this second article is to outline the management and treatment options for patients with missing upper lateral incisors at various stages of dental development. The joint orthodontic-restorative multidisciplinary teams are best placed to manage these challenging cases. Clinical Relevance: There are various treatment options for the management of patients with absence of one or both lateral incisors. The orthodontic practitioner needs to be aware of the pros and cons of different options.
Severe bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion with dental anterior open bite treated with absolute anchorage – a case report
Authors: Gupta Seema , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: August 2017

This article describes the orthodontic treatment of an 18-year-old boy with severe bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion and an anterior open bite. Orthodontic mini-implants were placed in the alveolar bone in all the four quadrants to provide anchorage for en masse retraction. The patient had an anterior tongue thrust with an anterior open bite. Successful dental retraction was achieved, along with closure of the anterior open bite. Facial aesthetics were improved for the patient, fullness of the upper and lower lips was reduced, and the interdental relationship was corrected. Clinical Relevance: To describe the use of mini-implants to provide anchorage in a case of severe bimaxillary dento-alveolar protrusion.
The care and management of the primary and mixed dentitions in children with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Deery Chris 
Published: August 2017

Patients with cleft lip and palate present a number of potential management issues. They may have increased caries risk which, if not managed, may compromise their overall care. It is important that the paediatric dentist is involved as part of the cleft team. All cleft patients should have optimal caries prevention from birth. Clinical Relevance: This article reviews how the presence of a cleft lip or palate may affect dental health. It outlines the care of these patients, particularly in terms of caries prevention.
Improving speech disorders using electropalatography: applications, technical aspects and manufacture of the appliance
Authors: Abela Stefan , Talbot Renny , Bister Dirk 
Published: August 2017

This paper describes applications of electropalatography (EPG) and the stages of laboratory construction. EPG is thought to be useful for improving speech of cleft lip and palate patients because it gives a direct visual feedback of tongue-to-palate contact allowing patients to alter tongue position, ideally leading to an improvement of their speech. Clinical Relevance: Electropalatography is a clinical technique utilized to improve speech in cleft lip and palate patients. It allows patients and speech and language therapists to visualize the placement of the tongue within the oral cavity. This technique helps to correct abnormal articulations by adopting normal patterns for consonants or vowels that patients find difficult to pronounce.
Alveolar bone grafting: CLP series part 7
Authors: Gillgrass Toby J , Devlin Mark , Gowans Alan J 
Published: August 2017

Alveolar bone grafting is a key surgical procedure for a child with a cleft involving a significant alveolar defect. It allows permanent tooth eruption around the cleft and subsequent orthodontic tooth movement and optimal aesthetic outcomes. Clinical Relevance: Alveolar bone grafting is a key stage within the care pathway of a child with a cleft of the alveolus. A successful outcome is essential for the optimal dental aesthetic outcome.
An unusual presentation of hypodontia confined to a mandibular quadrant
Authors: Barker Christopher S , Cobourne Martyn T , Ireland Anthony J , Sandy Jonathan R 
Published: August 2017

Treatment of patients with extensive hypodontia can present many difficulties in treatment planning for the multi-disciplinary team. Presented is an interesting case of non-syndromic hypodontia where the developmental absence of teeth is related to only one quadrant of the mouth. This unusual case of hypodontia appears to be sporadic with no familial or environmental history. Clinical Relevance: This case report describes an unusual presentation of hypodontia and provides a report on the current knowledge of the genetics of hypodontia