bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Blackmail, Institutional Infighting, and Electoral Politics: The Fate of Governing Parties during the Great Recession (2008‐12) in Romania and Bulgaria
Authors: Kostadinova Petia , Giurcanu Magda 
Published: December 2015

Center‐right parties in government in Romania and Bulgaria navigated the economic downturns associated with the Great Recession (2008‐12), and introduced austerity policies, yet had different electoral fates. While in Romania, the Democratic Liberal Party experienced a dramatic loss at the December 2012 elections, in Bulgaria, the Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria topped the May 2013 vote. In this article, we analyze these divergent outcomes, taking into account institutional configurations, strength of governing parties, and economic conditions. We argue that the electoral effects of harsh economic policies are conditioned by differences in the institutional aspect of governmental “clarity of responsibility” during the peaks of the recession. These differences in institutional clarity become then key factors in understanding the electoral fates of the center‐right parties in these governments.Related Articles

Exadaktylos, Theofanis, and
Nikolaos Zahariadis. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 160‐183. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12058/abstract

König, Pascal, and
Georg Wenzelburger. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 400‐430. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12076/abstract

Dettrey, Bryan. 2013. “” Politics & Policy 41 (): 788‐806. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12038/abstract
Related Media

Al Jazeera English. 2013. “Bulgaria Elections Gripped by Deadlock.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JY8HvL5Bb5Q

2012. “Corruption Big Issue in Romanian Elections | Journal Reporters.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhmYhAP0zak
The emerging landscape of salivary diagnostics
Authors: Zhang Yong , Sun Jie , Lin Chien‐Chung , Abemayor Elliot , Wang Marilene B. , Wong David T. W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSaliva contains a variety of biomolecules, including DNA, coding and noncoding RNA, proteins, metabolites and microbiota. The changes in the salivary levels of these molecular constituents can be used to develop markers for disease detection and risk assessment. Use of saliva as an early‐detection tool is a promising approach because collection of saliva is easy and noninvasive. Here, we review recent developments in salivary diagnostics, accomplished using salivaomics approaches, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbiomic technologies. Additionally, we illustrate the mechanisms of how diseases distal from the oral cavity can lead to the appearance of discriminatory biomarkers in saliva, and discuss the relevance of these markers for translational and clinical applications.
Analysis of matrix metalloproteinases, especially MMP‐8, in gingival crevicular fluid, mouthrinse and saliva for monitoring periodontal diseases
Authors: Sorsa Timo , Gursoy Ulvi K. , Nwhator Solomon , Hernandez Marcela , Tervahartiala Taina , Leppilahti Jussi , Gursoy Mervi , Könönen Eija , Emingil Gulnur , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Mäntylä Päivi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐8 is a promising candidate biomarker for oral fluid (gingival crevicular fluid, peri‐implant sulcular fluid and saliva) and mouthrinse chair‐side/point‐of‐care diagnostics to predict, diagnose and determine the progressive phases of episodic periodontitis and peri‐implantitis, as well as to monitor the treatments and medications. Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 can be used alone or together with interleukin‐1beta and Porphyromonas gingivalis to calculate cumulative risk score at the subject level as a successful diagnostic tool, especially in large‐scale public health surveys, in which a thorough periodontal examination is not feasible.
Saliva in studies of epidemiology of human disease: the UK Biobank project
Authors: Galloway John W. , Keijser Bart J. F. , Williams David M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere has been immense interest in the uses of saliva in the diagnosis of systemic disease over the past decade and longer because it is recognized that saliva possesses great potential as a diagnostic fluid. In spite of this, the usefulness of saliva in studies of the epidemiology of human disease has still to be properly evaluated. This review describes the UK Biobank project and explores the scope to use this and other such cohort studies to gain important insights into the epidemiological aspects of systemic disease. The Biobank holds around 85,000 well‐characterized saliva samples, together with blood and urine samples, the results of a battery of physiological tests, a full medical history and a detailed description of the subject's lifestyle. This repository is a resource for insightful and highly powered oral and dental research.
Saliva and viral infections
Authors: Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , Abrams William R. , Malamud Daniel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOver the last 10 years there have been only a handful of publications dealing with the oral virome, which is in contrast to the oral microbiome, an area that has seen considerable interest. Here, we survey viral infections in general and then focus on those viruses that are found in and/or are transmitted via the oral cavity; norovirus, rabies, human papillomavirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, herpes simplex viruses, hepatitis C virus, and HIV. Increasingly, viral infections have been diagnosed using an oral sample (e.g. saliva mucosal transudate or an oral swab) instead of blood or urine. The results of two studies using a rapid and semi‐quantitative lateral flow assay format demonstrating the correlation of HIV anti‐IgG/sIgA detection with saliva and serum samples are presented. When immediate detection of infection is important, point‐of‐care devices that obtain a non‐invasive sample from the oral cavity can be used to provide a first line diagnosis to assist in determining appropriate counselling and therapeutic path for an increasing number of diseases.
Five Ways to Make a Difference: Perceptions of Practitioners Working in Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Durose Catherine , van Hulst Merlijn , Jeffares Stephen , Escobar Oliver , Agger Annika , de Graaf Laurens 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article responds to and develops the fragmented literature exploring intermediation in public administration and urban governance. It uses Q‐methodology to provide a systematic comparative empirical analysis of practitioners who are perceived as making a difference in urban neighborhoods. Through this analysis, an original set of five profiles of practitioners—enduring, struggling, facilitating, organizing, and trailblazing—is identified and compared. This research challenges and advances the existing literature by emphasizing the multiplicity, complexity, and hybridity, rather than the singularity, of individuals perceived as making a difference, arguing that different practitioners make a difference in different ways. The authors set out a research agenda, overlooked in current theorization, that focuses on the relationships and transitions between the five profiles and the conditions that inform them, opening up new avenues for understanding and supporting practice.
Prognostic value of procalcitonin in pneumonia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Dan , Su Long‐xiang , Guan Wei , Xiao Kun , Xie Li‐xin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis meta‐analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) in predicting mortality in pneumonia patients with different pathogenic features and disease severities. A systematic search of English‐language articles was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane Library to identify studies. The diagnostic value of PCT in predicting prognosis was determined using a bivariate meta‐analysis model. The Q‐test and I2 index were used to test heterogeneity. A total of 21 studies comprising 6007 patients were included. An elevated PCT level was a risk factor for death from community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) (risk ratio (RR) 4.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98–6.43), particularly in patients with a low CURB‐65 score. The commonly used cut‐off, 0.5 ng/mL, had low sensitivity (SEN) and was not able to identify patients at high risk of dying. Furthermore, the PCT assay with functional SEN <0.1 ng/mL was necessary to predict mortality in CAP in the clinic. For critically ill patients, an elevated PCT level was associated with an increased risk of mortality (RR 4.18, 95% CI: 3.19–5.48). The prognostic performance was nearly equal between patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and patients with CAP.
Platelet‐activating factor receptor (PAFr) is upregulated in small airways and alveoli of smokers and COPD patients
Authors: Shukla Shakti Dhar , Muller Hans Konrad , Latham Roger , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh , Walters Eugene Haydn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivePAFr is a cell adhesion site for specific bacteria, notably non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We previously published that PAFr expression is significantly upregulated in the large airways of smokers, especially in COPD. We have now investigated PAFr expression in the epithelium and Rbm of small airways and in the alveolar compartment in smokers and patients with both COPD and small airway disease.MethodsWe evaluated PAFr expression cross‐sectionally in resected lung tissue from: eight smokers with normal lung function (NLFS); 10 with smoking‐related small airway narrowing only; eight COPD smokers; 10 COPD ex‐smokers, and compared these with nine control tissues. Anti‐PAFr immunostaining was quantified using computer‐aided image analysis.ResultsSignificantly increased PAFr expression in small airway epithelium of all clinical groups was found compared with controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, epithelial PAFr expression was upregulated in COPD smokers compared with NLFS (P < 0.05), but not when compared with COPD ex‐smokers or patients with only small airways disease. Smoking history (pack‐year) correlated significantly with PAFr expression in the currently smoking individuals, especially in NLFS (r = 0.9; P < 0.002). An increase above normal in PAFr‐expressing cells in the airway epithelial Rbm was only significant in COPD smokers (P < 0.007). An upregulation of PAFr‐expressing cell in alveolar epithelium was uniformly found in all clinical groups compared with normal control (P < 0.01).ConclusionEpithelial PAFr expression is upregulated in small airways and alveoli in smokers and COPD. Increased expression of PAFr could be crucial in facilitating acute and chronic respiratory infection with specific respiratory pathogens.
The Last Great Enclosure: The Crisis of the General Intellect
Authors: Burdeau Ishmael 
Published: December 2015

Technology offers us a seemingly limitless range of possibilities to extend human freedom. Yet, as Marx observed in the Grundrisse, technology is as likely to become the servant of capital as it is a tool of liberation. In recent years there has been a wave of interest in what is sometime referred to as cognitive capitalism, in other words the knowledge‐based economy. Cognitive capitalism, especially one based on a “general intellect” or intellectual commons would seem to create new revolutionary possibilities, this was the dream of the Italian autonomist thinkers of the 1970s and beyond, such as Negri, Virno, Lazzarato, and Berardi as well as more recent work by others, notably Raunig, Boutang, and Hardt.Yet this sense of possibility is under threat from a much more basic of capital: primitive accumulation or, borrowing from David Harvey, accumulation by dispossession. Here, we will examine some of the claims for the power of a “general intellect”: its origins, its relationship to contemporary forms of capital and wage relations and its vulnerability to new forms of enclosure. The emancipatory nature of the general intellect takes three forms in contemporary capitalism: the Internet, the university, and the so‐called “intellectual property.” Each of these is actively under threat from enclosure in the shape of state control, privatization, and digital isolation. Does the general intellect still have anything to offer for the twenty‐first century? Can the social body resist this final stage of enclosure? Here, we explore these concepts but make no claim to offer solutions to the crisis of the general intellect.
INCORPORATION OF HOMOGENOUS CERAMIC TILE WASTE TO ENHANCE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR
Authors: Mohd Sam Abdul Rahman , Samadi Mostafa , Hussin Mohd Warid , Seung Lee Han , A. Ismail Mohamed , Abdul Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah , Ariffin Nur Farhayu , A. Khalid Nur Hafizah , Abd. Majid Muhd Zaimi , Mirza Jahangir 
Published: December 2015

Reduction, reuse and recycle of industrial and agricultural waste materials are regarded as very important to provide sustainable construction. The by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, slag and palm oil fuel ash, etc., have been studied for the past few decades and the findings are very well accepted as new innovative materials in construction. Currently, ceramic materials are widely used in many parts of the world. Consequently a large quantities of wastes are produced simultaneously by brick and tile manufacturers and from construction industry. Most of these wastes are dumped in landfills that cause environmental problem. In the present research the effect of homogeneous ceramic tile waste as sand replacement was investigated on the harden properties of mortar. The tests conducted under laboratory ambient condition were compressive and splitting tensile strengths. The percentage replacement of sand by ceramic aggregate by weight was in the range of 0% to 100%. The size of ceramic aggregate used is modified in accordance to ASTM C33-13. All samples were cast in a 50mm cube and cured in water until the age of testing. The results showed that the compressive strength values of the control sample and 100% ceramic aggregate as sand replacement at the age of 7days were 41.9 MPa and 40.9 MPa, respectively; almost similar. In addition, the splitting tensile strength of the mortar sample with 100% ceramic aggregate was found to be 6% higher than the control sample. Thus, the homogenous ceramic tile waste can not only be used as sand replacement for normal application in mortar mix but also to enhance its hardened properties.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PALM OIL FUEL ASH AS MICRO-FILLER IN POLYMER CONCRETE
Authors: Mirza Jahangir , A. Khalid Nur Hafizah , Hussin Mohd Warid , Ismail Mohammad , A. Ismail Mohamed , Mohamed Azman , Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Md. Tahir Mahmood 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the potential of utilizing an agricultural waste known as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as micro-filler in polymer concrete (PC). Being a plant with open cellulose structure, such potential has gone untapped due to its tendency to take up excessive resin during the mixing process. This study has invested its filler characterization by first segregating the POFA fillers into fine (ground POFA, GPOFA) and coarse (unground POFA, UPOFA) fillers. GPOFA was paired with calcium carbonate while UPOFA was with silica sand for comparisons. Filler characteristics were studied under microstructural examination; particle size analyzer and morphology. Twenty design mixes of polymer blended and polymer concrete were casted for flowability and compression tests, respectively. Further investigations were carried out after two categories of fillers were incorporated with different filler contents. Test data showed that filler had changed its physical features significantly after surface modification. Also, the finer fillers gave superior filling ability and compressive strength. This study concluded that POFA can be potentially transformed into effective PC filler following some physical modifications and mixing with the appropriate design mix.
CAUSES OF VARIATION ORDER IN BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTSIN NIGERIA
Authors: Muhammad Nasiru Zakari , Keyvanfar Ali , Abd Majid Muhd Zaimi , Shafaghat Arezou , Muhammad Magana Aliyu , Sabiu Dankaka Nafisa 
Published: December 2015

Variation does not only affect labour productivity but also leads to the dispute, time and cost overrun. Consequently, it affects projects performance. It is, therefore, imperative for construction professionals to eliminate unnecessary additional cost from a project so as to optimize the client’s benefit against input resources. This paper identifies and examines the most significant causes that contribute to the variation orders. Also, Nigerian construction industry is used as a case study. Variation orders causing factors were assessed. Questionnaires were administered to clients, consultants and contractors to elicit information regarding variation causing factors. These factors were analyzed using frequency aggregation, mean score method and subsequently ranked according to their severity. The result revealed three most significant causes of variation which are: ‘Change of plan’’ with the highest frequency of 58% then followed by ‘‘Conflicting contract documents (50%). The next most frequent causing factors were the “substitution of materials” and “change in design” each with frequency of 43%. The least causing factor of variation was the “error and omission in design” with the frequency of 10%. Also differing site condition, new government regulation, weather condition were identified as other cause of variation with the frequency of 27%, 29% and 10% respectively. It has also shown that most critical source of variation order is the client due to change of plan then followed by consultant due to conflicting contract document.
CONSTRUCTION PLAYER’S PERCEPTION OF TRAINING APPROACH USING SERIOUS GAME –A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Ali Kherun Nita , Shafaghat Arezou 
Published: December 2015

Construction workers are always exposed to numerous occupational hazards of different kinds and levels of complexity in every project they engage in. Therefore, there is a need for training modules which can provide the knowledge to construction workers to acquire the skills necessary for occupational and environmental safety on site. However, current safety training still lacks hands-on approaches and it is theory-oriented. This is due to the nature of the construction environment itself in which hands-on approaches are impossible to be applied for certain types of hazards. Training which is assisted by technology is an effective tool in improving learning for not just for children but also for adults. Currently, serious game has become a new approach in training and learning not limited to the field of education but this approach has been applied across disciplines and areas including military, mining, transportation, oil and gas and also the construction industry. Therefore, this paper sought to review construction workers’ perceptions toward serious game as a training tool. Fifty players at various levels from the construction industry participated in a pilot study. A set of questionnaire was distributed to the participants during an occupational safety and hazard (OSH) training course with the cooperation of OSH state agency in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia and also online. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data from the questionnaire. Preliminary findings of the pilot study indicated that construction workers had high expectation toward serious game in delivering hands-on training in safer environment. They also believed training module using serious game had the potential in creating affordable, interactive and entertaining training module for the industry. The study contributes to an understanding of occupational safety training needs in the construction industry for a safer, more affordable and interactive as well as entertaining approach.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PORTABLE NUCLEONIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SYSTEM WITH CLAMP-ON-FEATURES FOR ENGINEERING INSPECTION
Authors: Abdullah Jaafar , Hassan Hearie , Rabaie Shari Mohamad , Mohd Ibrahim Maslina , Yussup Nolida , Ithnin Hanafi , Mahmood Airwan Affandi 
Published: December 2015

The development and implementation of a portable nucleonic computed tomography system with clamp-on-features, called “GammaSpider”, employing gamma-ray for engineering inspection is briefly discussed. Depending on the object to be inspected, a small isotopic gamma-ray source, in combination of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and an autonomous mechanical gantry set-up are used. The basic theoretical aspects, the system configurations and the other features are presented. This system is capable of generating high quality tomographic images and thus, offers great promise for in-situ engineering inspection. It is successfully used to inspect blockages in pipelines, to examine wooden electric poles and to study hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase flow in a bubble column. Some of the preliminary results are presented in this paper.
FINDING SHORTEST ROUTING SOLUTION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS USING FIREFLY ALGORITHM AND QUEUING NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Zakaria Aznida Hayati , Mohd Saman Md. Yazid , M Noor Ahmad Shukri , Hassan Hasni 
Published: December 2015

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of mobile nodes establishing a wireless network without using centralized and fixed infrastructure. In MANET, nodes may function as hosts and routers. The nodes can move freely and in arbitrary ways. The network topology in MANET is dynamic because of the frequent mobility of nodes, thus routing is challenging aspects in MANET. Routing protocol plays a role in choosing and selecting the optimal route for transferring the packets of data from the source node to the destination node efficiently. Mostly the previous routing protocols are not practical to this dynamic network topology. Therefore designing an efficient routing protocol for this dynamic network is vital issue. In this paper, the author has proposed an approach, which selects shortest route for transferring the packets of data from source node to the destination node combining firefly algorithm and queuing network analysis. Firefly algorithm can be applied to find the shortest route in this routing problem. The response times taken to send packets of data can be calculated using the suggested queuing model. The result reveals that attractiveness of node in MANET decreases with the increasing value of response time.
AUTONOMIC COMPUTING SYSTEMS UTILIZING AGENTS FOR RISK MITIGATION OF IT GOVERNANCE
Authors: Anthony Jnr Bokolo , Che Pa Noraini , Mohd Aris Teh Noranis , Haizan Nor Rozi Nor , Jusoh Yusmadi Yah 
Published: December 2015

Risk mitigation has gained relevance during the last years and has helped to solve risk and improve decision making among decision makers in IT Governance. However, there is still a increasing need of developing innovative tools that can help IT Practitioners to solve risk in IT Governance. Existing risk mitigation approaches or tools lacks need for adequate data which is very important in mitigating risk and there is difficulty of mitigating risk generally in IT Governance. This paper present an autonomic computing model developed to mitigate risk; mainly operational and technical in IT Governance by measuring the risk and providing risk report to the management and staffs in organisations. Autonomic Computing Systems (ACSs) are systems that manage themselves. The core of Autonomic Computing Systems are type of agent with advanced capacities for reasoning to measure the risk probability and risk impact based on available data in the knowledge base or previous experiences. The Autonomic Computing Systems provide risk advice aimed at providing decision support to management hence mitigating risk in IT Governance. Data was collected via purposely sampling using interview by case study among 13 Malaysia universities. The data was analyzed by Nvivo to get an insight on the current risk mitigation practices and process, after which a risk mitigation model has been developed using autonomic agents.