bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materialographic Microstructural Analysis during the Process Development for the Gas Phase Synthesis of Silicon Carbide
Authors: Edelbauer J. , Sinz C. , Lott O. , Nagel A. , Rimkus W. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Silicon carbide is a superior material for the manufacturing of semiconductors. This is where the project on the gaseous phase synthesis of SiC components made of carbon precursors comes in. On the basis of graphite substrates and a reaction with thermally evaporated silicon monoxide in the CVI process (chemical vapor infiltration), silicon carbide with strongly process dependent structural composition is formed. The process can be used for the coating of C substrates as well as for the manufacturing of complex components. With the help of new approaches in process development and via detailed materialographic microstructural analysis, the understanding of gaseous phase synthesis was promoted. The transition of different carbon structures in equivalent silicon carbide structures was verified.
The Relation between Plasma Levels of Thrombomodulin and Endothelial Dysfunction in Syrian Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Rana Aldabbas  , Jumana Alsaleh  
Published: September 2017

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancies, representing nearly one-third of all pediatric cancers. Thrombomodulin is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells, Its plasma level depends on the integrity of the endothelium. Soluble thrombomodulin is derived from injured endothelial cells or proteolytically cleaved from thrombomodulin by proteases. In the past, the endothelium was considered to be inert, described as a 'layer of nucleated cellophane', with only non-reactive barrier properties. However, it is now becoming clear that endothelial cells actively and reactively participate in hemostasis and immune and inflammatory reactions. They regulate vascular tone via production of nitric oxide, endothelin and prostaglandins. Severe endothelial dysfunction is present during the acute phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and it result from the disease itself, from treatment, or from other conditions (e.g. sepsis). Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the level of serum soluble thrombomodulin as a marker of endothelial activation in children with ALL at time of diagnosis and after the chemotherapy. Methods and Materials: A case - control study included Thirty patients with ALL and twenty healthy children. We analyzed serum soluble thrombomodulin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, there was a significant increase in soluble thrombomodulin levels during the acute phase of the disease and during treatment. Conclusion: severe endothelial dysfunction is present during the acute phase of ALL and during treatment and appears to result from the disease itself and from the treatment.
Association between Molecular Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Mehmet  Fuat  Eren  , Ayfer  Ay  Eren  , Birsen  Yücel  , Seher  Bahar  , Ahmet  Cinkaya  , Rayna K. Matsuno  , Nuran Beşe  
Published: September 2017

Background: Aim of this study is to classify intrinsic subtypes and evaluate the differences in clinical/pathological characteristics and survival outcomes among the molecular types. Patients and Methods: Breast cancer subtypes were classified according to the 2013 St. Gallen Consensus. Five molecular subtypes were determined, Luminal A, Luminal B-like HER2 negative, Luminal B-like HER2 positive, HER2 positive, and triple negative. Data was obtained from the records of patients with invasive breast cancer retrospectively. The differences in clinical/pathological parameters, overall survival and disease-free survival among the molecular subtypes were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression tests were used to compare groups. Results: The median follow-up period is 48 months. The Luminal B-HER2 negative was the most prevalent type (26.6%). Patient demographics, tumor characteristics and survival data were analyzed. The Luminal A and Luminal B-HER2 negative subtypes had significantly higher overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that tumor stage, more than 3 positive axillary lymph node involvement, and breast cancer subtype as significant factors for overall survival and disease-free survival (p<0.05). Triple Negative subtype had a higher relative hazard of local recurrence and distant metastasis (HR=2.69, 95% CI=1.47; 4.95). Conclusions: Breast cancer subtype has significant impact on overall survival and disease-free survival rates. While Luminal A and luminal B HER2 negative subtypes have better outcome, triple negative and HER2- subtypes remain poor.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Prediction of Road Freight Transportation
Authors: Mrowczynska Bogna , Ciesla Maria , Krol Aleksander , Sladkowski Aleksander 
Published: September 2017

Road freight transport often requires the prediction of volume. Such knowledge is necessary to capture trends in the industry and support decision making by large and small trucking companies. The aim of the presented work is to demonstrate that application of some artificial intelligence methods can improve the accuracy of the forecasts. The first method employed was double exponential smoothing. The modification of this method has been proposed. Not only the parameters but also the initial values were set in order to minimize the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) using the artificial immune system. This change resulted in a marked improvement in the effects of minimization, and suggests that the variability of the initial value of S2 has an impact on this result. Then, the forecasting Bayesian networks method was applied. The Bayesian network approach is able to take into account not only the historical data concerning the volume of freight, but also the data related to the overall state of the national economy. This significantly improves the quality of forecasting. The application of this approach can also help in predicting the trend changes caused by overall state of economy, which is rather impossible when analysing only the historical data.
An Experimental Analysis on Dispatching Rules for the Train Platforming Problem in Busy Complex Passenger Stations
Authors: Zeng Qiongfang , Zhang Yinggui , Lei Dingyou 
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the scheduling models for trainplatforming problem (TPP) by using mixed integer linear programming and job shop scheduling theory. First, the operation procedures and scheduled time adjustment costs of different train types specific to busy complex passenger stations are explicitly represented. Second, a multi-criteria scheduling model (MCS) for TPP without earliness and tardiness time window (ETTW) and a time window scheduling model (TWS) with ETTW for TPP are proposed. Third, various dispatching rules were designed by incorporating the dispatcher experiences with modern scheduling theory and a rule-based metaheuristic to solve the above model is presented. With solution improvement strategies analogous to those used in practice by dispatchers, the realistic size problems in acceptable time can be solved.
Travelling Habits and Perceived Limitations of Older City Bus Users
Authors: Tomšič Marija , Sevšek France , Rugelj Darja 
Published: September 2017

The purpose was to investigate the interrelation between the age of older city bus users, their travelling habits, their estimated physical (dis)abilities and perceived safety during the trip using the Ljubljana public transportation system. Methods: 101 older bus users agreed to participate in a street survey by answering a questionnaire. Results indicate that the habits of bus users are not age dependent. The frequency of public bus use, the walking distance to the nearest bus stop, the estimated physical abilities and perceived physical limitations of the bus users were not associated to the chronological age. Respondents reported on average 3±1.6 perceived physical limitations and 37% of them perceived their travelling habits to be affected by their physical limitations. While decreased perceived safety during the bus journey was significantly related to the chronological age: significantly more bus users of the oldest-old group reported not having enough time to occupy a seat before the bus drove off, although a significantly higher proportion of older-old adults were offered a seat by their fellow travellers. In conclusion, the perception of physical fitness and health problems are more important contributing factors for the use of public transportation than the chronological age.
Young Adult Drivers: Simulated Behaviour in a Car-following Situation
Authors: Jurecki Rafał , Poliak Miloš , Jaśkiewicz Marek 
Published: September 2017

This paper provides a description of driver testing in a simulator. As young drivers are more susceptible to collisions, this was done to determine how young drivers behaved in simulated road situations on a motorway. One of the traffic safety concerns is the failure to keep a proper distance from the vehicle in front, which may result in a rearend collision. The tests simulated car-following situations in which the preceding vehicle performed emergency braking. The experiments were conducted for two scenario variants using different distances from the vehicle in front. The drivers could perform the following emergency manoeuvres: braking with steering away or only braking. The driver response times were compared and analysed statistically. The results were used to determine the emergency manoeuvres performed by the drivers in the simulated road situations. The study reveals that the vehicle surroundings may have a considerable influence on the type of emergency manoeuvres and the driver response time.
Joint Impact of Bus Stop Location and Configuration on Intersection Performance
Authors: Cvitanić Dražen 
Published: September 2017

There are several possible bus stop locations and configurations. A bus stop can be located before or after the intersection as curb-side stop, bus bay or bus bulb. Determining the proper configuration and location of bus stop represents an important planning decision. While previous research efforts in literature have suggested some advantages and disadvantages regarding bus stop locations and configurations, little effort has been made towards understanding the joint impact of bus stop location and configuration on the transit and other vehicle traffic performance on the intersection. So, this paper analyses the joint impact of bus stop location and configuration on the operational characteristics of traffic flow in terms of average bus trip time and control delay. These operational performance measures for various intersection layouts, volume distributions, movement splits, average bus dwell times and bus departure frequencies have been obtained using calibrated microsimulation traffic software.
Unified Tanker Survey and Inspection Regime in Terms of Reducing Psychophysical Strain of the Crew
Authors: Bielić Toni , Hess Mirano , Grbić Luka 
Published: September 2017

The paper focuses on analysis of the effect of various surveys and inspections on the psychophysical behaviour of the crew. After analysing the scope and the extent of each regime, the authors identified more than 60% of surveys overlapping each other. Furthermore, the results of the survey conducted among seafarers indicate that the present method of carrying out ship surveys and inspections have a negative effect on the psychophysical condition of the crew. Therefore, a new method of tanker inspections has been proposed in order to reduce the psychophysical strain of the crew. The proposed method would minimise the annual duration of the inspections up to 30% and improve inspection time coordination without compromising quality and safety of the ships.
Effects of spatial configuration of imperviousness and green infrastructure networks on hydrologic response in a residential sewershed
Authors: Lim Theodore C , Welty Claire 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGreen infrastructure (GI) is an approach to stormwater management that promotes natural processes of infiltration and evapotranspiration, reducing surface runoff to conventional stormwater drainage infrastructure. As more urban areas incorporate GI into their stormwater management plans, greater understanding is needed on the effects of spatial configuration of GI networks on hydrological performance, especially in the context of potential subsurface and lateral interactions between distributed facilities. In this research, we apply a three‐dimensional, coupled surface‐subsurface, land‐atmosphere model, ParFlow.CLM, to a residential urban sewershed in Washington DC that was retrofitted with a network of GI installations between 2009 and 2015. The model was used to test nine additional GI and imperviousness spatial network configurations for the site and was compared with monitored pipe‐flow data. Results from the simulations show that GI located in higher flow‐accumulation areas of the site intercepted more surface runoff, even during wetter and multiday events. However, a comparison of the differences between scenarios and levels of variation and noise in monitored data suggests that the differences would only be detectable between the most and least optimal GI/imperviousness configurations.
Language and Social Interaction
Authors: Tracy Karen 
Published: September 2017

Language and social interaction (
LSI
) refers to the area of communication research that studies how language, gesture, voice, and other features of talk and written texts shape meaning‐making. LSI includes a loosely bounded set of topics and intellectual commitments. In contrast to the domain‐of‐life approach (e.g., political, interpersonal, or organizational communication) that is the typical way of categorizing scholarly expertise areas in communication, LSI defines itself by
how
it investigates questions about communication. It is the commitment to qualitative study of social life in its culturally inflected, complex, and context‐sensitive particularity that makes LSI work so distinctive and recognizable. To be sure, LSI has a space for other research approaches (e.g., laboratory studies, quantitative coding; → Experimental Design; Content Analysis, Quantitative), but these approaches are minority voices in the LSI community.
Nanoparticle Superlattices: The Roles of Soft Ligands
Authors: Si Kae Jye , Chen Yi , Shi Qianqian , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNanoparticle superlattices are periodic arrays of nanoscale inorganic building blocks including metal nanoparticles, quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles. Such assemblies can exhibit exciting new collective properties different from those of individual nanoparticle or corresponding bulk materials. However, fabrication of nanoparticle superlattices is nontrivial because nanoparticles are notoriously difficult to manipulate due to complex nanoscale forces among them. An effective way to manipulate these nanoscale forces is to use soft ligands, which can prevent nanoparticles from disordered aggregation, fine‐tune the interparticle potential as well as program lattice structures and interparticle distances – the two key parameters governing superlattice properties. This article aims to review the up‐to‐date advances of superlattices from the viewpoint of soft ligands. We first describe the theories and design principles of soft‐ligand‐based approach and then thoroughly cover experimental techniques developed from soft ligands such as molecules, polymer and DNA. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives in nanoparticle superlattices.
Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern unter zyklischer Belastung
Authors: Wieneke Katrin , Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZur Untersuchung der Ermüdungstragfähigkeit von Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern wurden in einem Forschungsvorhaben der Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF) am Institut für Massivbau der RWTH Aachen (IMB) theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt [1]. Neben Kleinkörperversuchen an einbetonierten Gitterträgerdiagonalen zur Herleitung von Wöhlerlinien wurden vierzehn Elementdeckenausschnitte mit Gitterträgern unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung getestet. Die untersuchten Parameter waren die Rauigkeit der Verbundfuge, Bauteildicke, Schubbewehrungsgrad und Betonfestigkeit. Zur Überprüfung der Bemessung der Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern unter nicht ruhender Beanspruchung wurden die im Versuch gemessenen Schwingbreiten in den Gitterträgerdiagonalen mit den rechnerischen Werten nach den Bemessungsansätzen ausgewertet und mit den Bemessungsansätzen aus AbZ und EC2+NA(D) verglichen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der theoretischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen vorgestellt und mit Bemessungsansätzen nationaler Regelwerke verglichen.
Instandsetzung der historischen Betonbogenbrücke in Naila
Authors: Al‐Jamous Ammar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStahlbeton ist mit Abstand der meist verbaute Baustoff der Welt. Er ermöglicht eine schnelle, robuste und preiswerte Bauweise. Allerdings leiden die meisten Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter dem Problem des großen Eigengewichts und der Korrosionsgefahr der Stahlbewehrung. Tragfähig, filigran, dauerhaft und wirtschaftlich sind die Eigenschaften des neuen Baustoffs Carbonbeton. Die sehr leistungsfähigen, nicht korrodierenden Carbonfasern ermöglichen eine neue und vielfältige Bauweise, die sich langsam aber sicher auf dem Markt etabliert. Carbonbeton kann nicht nur für die Herstellung neuer Bauteile eingesetzt werden, sondern wird bereits für die Verstärkung und Instandsetzung von bestehenden Stahlbetonkonstruktionen verschiedener Arten angewendet.
Insights into the Catalytic Activity of [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] (NHC=IPr, IPrCl, IPrBr) Complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction
Authors: Izquierdo Frédéric , Zinser Caroline , Minenkov Yury , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cavallo Luigi , Nahra Fady , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe influence of C4,5‐halogenation on palladium N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes and their activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction were investigated. Two [Pd(NHC)(cin)Cl] complexes bearing IPrCl and IPrBr ligands (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropyl‐phenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene; cin=cinnamyl) were synthesized. After determining the electronic and steric properties of these ligands, their properties were compared to those of [Pd(IPr) (cin)Cl]. The three palladium complexes were studied by using DFT calculations to delineate their behavior in the activation step leading to the putative 12‐electron active catalyst. Experimentally, their catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction involving a wide range of coupling partners (30 entries) at low catalyst loading was studied.
Fluorescent Organic Nanoaggregates for Selective Recognition of d‐(−)‐Ribose in Biological Fluids and Oral Supplements
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEasily synthesizable, fluorescent, organic nanoaggregates have been utilized, for the first time, in the selective recognition of d‐(−)‐ribose at pH 5.5 in water. In the self‐assembled form, the reactive sites of the monomer units can be properly organized to form an effective “recognition cleft” for ribose (limit of detection ≈23 μm), in which binding mainly occurs through a combination of hydrogen‐bonding and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The degree of agglomeration shows a profound influence on the extent of ribose sensing. A reduction in the optical response (≈1.8‐fold) is observed when ribose is allowed to interact with nanoaggregates of smaller dimensions (a decrease in the hydrodynamic diameter from (≈212.7±10.2) to (≈44.6±3.5) nm). The protocol is also utilized for the estimation of ribose in human urine samples and oral supplements. Low‐cost paper strips have also been developed for rapid, on‐site detection of ribose without involving any sophisticated instruments or skilled personnel.
Abundance of small mammals in the Atlantic Forest (ASMAF): a data set for analyzing tropical community patterns
Authors: Figueiredo Marcos S. L. , Barros Camila S. , Delciellos Ana C. , Guerra Edú B. , Cordeiro‐Estrela Pedro , Kajin Maja , Alvarez Martin R. , Asfora Paulo H. , Astúa Diego , Bergallo Helena G. , Cerqueira Rui , Geise Lena , Gentile Rosana , Grelle Carlos Eduardo V. , Iack‐Ximenes Gilson E. , Oliveira Leonardo C. , Weksler Marcelo , Vieira Marcus V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal abundance results from the interaction between populational and environmental processes. The abundance of the species in a community is also one of the most basic descriptors of its structure. Despite its importance, information about species abundances is fragmentary, creating a knowledge gap about species abundances known as the Prestonian Shortfall. Here we present a comprehensive data set of small mammal abundance in the Atlantic Forest. Data were extracted from 114 published sources and from unpublished data collected by our research groups spanning from 1943 to 2017. The data set includes 1,902 records of at least 111 species in 155 localities, totaling 42,617 individuals represented. We selected studies that (1) were conducted in forested habitats of the Atlantic Forest, (2) had a minimum sampling effort of at least 500 trap‐nights, and (3) contained species abundance data in detail. For each study, we recorded (1) latitude and longitude, (2) name of the locality, (3) employed sampling effort, (4) type of traps used, (5) study year, (6) country, and (7) species name with (8) its respective abundances. For every locality, we also obtained information regarding its (9) ecoregion, (10) predominant vegetation type, and (11) biogeographic subdivision. Whenever necessary, we also (12) updated the species names as new species were described and some genera suffered taxonomic revision since the publication. The localities are spread across the Atlantic Forest and most of the small mammal species known to occur in Atlantic Forest are present in the data set, making it representative of communities of the entire biome. This data set can be used to address various patterns in community ecology and geographical ecology, as the relation between local abundance and environmental suitability, hypothesis regarding local and regional factors on community structuring, species abundance distributions (SAD), functional and phylogenetic mechanisms on community assembling.
Pleistocene (Calabrian) deep‐water corals and associated biodiversity in the eastern Mediterranean (Karpathos Island, Greece)
Authors: Moissette Pierre , Cornée Jean‐Jacques , Quillévéré Frédéric , Zibrowius Helmut , Koskeridou Efterpi , López‐otálvaro Gatsby‐emperatriz 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTDiversified deep‐water corals and associated communities occur in early Pleistocene (early Calabrian; ∼1.7–1.6 Ma) calcareous crusts discovered on the south‐western coast of Karpathos Island (eastern Greece). Apart from abundant and conspicuous solitary and colonial corals (12 species), the accompanying fauna comprises mostly bivalves (10 species), serpulid worms (4 species), and bryozoans (40 species). The growth and deposition of the studied organisms occurred in an upper bathyal environment at water depths around 400–600 m. The calculated mean uplift rate after deposition of the crusts indicates that Karpathos was drowned during the earliest Calabrian and experienced severe uplifts by the late Calabrian. A comparison between these communities and those of the Pleistocene to Recent Mediterranean and north‐east Atlantic shows that a common stock of taxa exist(ed); among them two azooxanthellate colonial scleractinians (Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata) are predominant.