bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON LITHIUM-RICH RED GIANTS. I. ENGULFMENT OF SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS
Authors: Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Chanamé Julio , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Carlberg Joleen K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A small fraction of red giants are known to be lithium (Li) rich, in contradiction with expectations from stellar evolutionary theory. A possible explanation for these atypical giants is the engulfment of an Li-rich planet or brown dwarf by the star. In this work, we model the evolution of Li abundance in canonical red giants including the accretion of a substellar mass companion. We consider a wide range of stellar and companion masses, Li abundances, stellar metallicities, and planetary orbital periods. Based on our calculations, companions with masses lower than

dissolve in the convective envelope and can induce Li enrichment in regimes where extra mixing does not operate. Our models indicate that the accretion of a substellar companion can explain abundances up to A(Li) ≈ 2.2, setting an upper limit for Li-rich giants formed by this mechanism. Giants with higher abundances need another mechanism to be explained. For reasonable planetary distributions, we predict the Li abundance distribution of low-mass giants undergoing planet engulfment, finding that between 1% and 3% of them should have

. We show that depending on the stellar mass range, this traditional definition of Li-rich giants is misleading, as isolated massive stars would be considered anomalous while giants engulfing a companion would be set aside, flagged as normal. We explore the detectability of companion engulfment, finding that planets with masses higher than

produce a distinct signature, and that descendants of stars originating in the Li dip and low-luminosity red giants are ideal tests of this channel.
WARM JUPITERS FROM SECULAR PLANET–PLANET INTERACTIONS
Authors: Petrovich Cristobal , Tremaine Scott 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Most warm Jupiters (gas-giant planets with

0.1

au
≲
a
≲
1

au) have pericenter distances that are too large for significant orbital migration by tidal friction. We study the possibility that the warm Jupiters are undergoing secular eccentricity oscillations excited by an outer companion (a planet or star) in an eccentric and/or mutually inclined orbit. In this model, the warm Jupiters migrate periodically, in the high-eccentricity phase of the oscillation, but are typically observed at lower eccentricities. We show that in this model the steady-state eccentricity distribution of the warm Jupiters is approximately flat, which is consistent with the observed distribution if we restrict the sample to warm Jupiters with detected outer planetary companions. The eccentricity distribution of warm Jupiters without companions exhibits a peak at

e
≲
0.2

that must be explained by a different formation mechanism. Based on a population synthesis study, we find that high-eccentricity migration excited by an outer planetary companion (1) can account for

∼
20
%

of the warm Jupiters and most of the warm Jupiters with

e
≳
0.4
;

and (2) can produce most of the observed population of hot Jupiters, with a semimajor axis distribution that matches the observations, but fails to account adequately for

∼
60
%

of hot Jupiters with projected obliquities

≲
20
°

. Thus

∼
20
%

of the warm Jupiters and

∼
60
%

of the hot Jupiters can be produced by high-eccentricity migration. We also provide predictions for the expected mutual inclinations and spin-orbit angles of the planetary systems with hot and warm Jupiters produced by high-eccentricity migration.
NARROW-LINE-WIDTH UV BURSTS IN THE TRANSITION REGION ABOVE SUNSPOTS OBSERVED BY IRIS
Authors: Hou Zhenyong , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Li Bo , Madjarska Maria S. , Fu Hui , Mou Chaozhou , Xie Haixia 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Various small-scale structures abound in the solar atmosphere above active regions, playing an important role in the dynamics and evolution therein. We report on a new class of small-scale transition region structures in active regions, characterized by strong emissions but extremely narrow Si iv line profiles as found in observations taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Tentatively named as narrow-line-width UV bursts (NUBs), these structures are located above sunspots and comprise one or multiple compact bright cores at sub-arcsecond scales. We found six NUBs in two data sets (a raster and a sit-and-stare data set). Among these, four events are short-lived with a duration of ∼10 minutes, while two last for more than 36 minutes. All NUBs have Doppler shifts of 15–18 km s−1, while the NUB found in sit-and-stare data possesses an additional component at ∼50 km s−1 found only in the C ii and Mg ii lines. Given that these events are found to play a role in the local dynamics, it is important to further investigate the physical mechanisms that generate these phenomena and their role in the mass transport in sunspots.
Restored Wetlands in Mid-Atlantic Agricultural Landscapes Enhance Species Richness of Amphibian Assemblages
Authors: Mitchell Joseph C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI measured amphibian occurrence in wetlands restored under programs implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service during 2010–2011 in two regions of sites in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. One cluster was in Delaware and Maryland on the Delmarva Peninsula and the other was in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. I compared larval species richness and relative abundance among 17 restored wetlands, 12 natural wetlands, and 8 wetlands (ditches) in active agricultural fields. Based on larval occurrence, I documented 56 and 60% of the expected number of anurans and salamander species, respectively, known to use ponds and ephemeral wetlands in this region. Of the total number of species encountered, 71% used restored wetlands, 76% used natural wetlands, and 35% used the ditches in agricultural fields. Mean number of species did not differ significantly among the three habitat types due to wide confidence intervals. Total species richness in restored wetlands was not correlated with age (years since restoration), percentage of canopy cover, or percentage of emergent aquatic vegetation. Wetlands restored through Natural Resources Conservation Service and private landowner partnerships, such as those included in this study, support amphibian populations that help mitigate natural habitat loss in these two regions.
IL-33 Precedes IL-5 in Regulating Eosinophil Commitment and Is Required for Eosinophil Homeostasis
Authors: Johnston Laura K. , Hsu Chia-Lin , Krier-Burris Rebecca A. , Chhiba Krishan D. , Chien Karen B. , McKenzie Andrew , Berdnikovs Sergejs , Bryce Paul J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eczema. Whereas IL-5 is crucial for supporting mature eosinophils (EoMs), the signals that support earlier eosinophil lineage events are less defined. The IL-33R, ST2, is expressed on several inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, and is best characterized for its role during the initiation of allergic responses in peripheral tissues. Recently, ST2 expression was described on hematopoietic progenitor subsets, where its function remains controversial. Our findings demonstrate that IL-33 is required for basal eosinophil homeostasis, because both IL-33– and ST2-deficient mice exhibited diminished peripheral blood eosinophil numbers at baseline. Exogenous IL-33 administration increased EoMs in both the bone marrow and the periphery in wild-type and IL-33–deficient, but not ST2-deficient, mice. Systemic IL-5 was also increased under this treatment, and blocking IL-5 with a neutralizing Ab ablated the IL-33–induced EoM expansion. The homeostatic hypereosinophilia seen in IL-5–transgenic mice was significantly lower with ST2 deficiency despite similar elevations in systemic IL-5. Finally, in vitro treatment of bone marrow cells with IL-33, but not IL-5, led to specific early expansion of IL-5Rα–expressing precursor cells. In summary, our findings establish a basal defect in eosinophilopoiesis in IL-33– and ST2-deficient mice and a mechanism whereby IL-33 supports EoMs by driving both systemic IL-5 production and the expansion of IL-5Rα–expressing precursor cells.
Debates to personal conclusion in peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction: A 30-year experience at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Authors: Chuang David Chwei-Chin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSignificant progress has been achieved in the science and management of peripheral nerve injuries over the past 40 years. Yet there are many questions and few answers. The author, with 30 years of experience in treating them at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, addresses debates on various issues with personal conclusions. These include: (1) Degree of peripheral nerve injury, (2) Timing of nerve repair, (3)Technique of nerve repair, (4) Level of brachial plexus injury,(5) Level of radialnerve injury,(6) Traction avulsion amputation of major limb, (7) Proximal Vs distal nerve transfers in brachial plexus injuries and (8) Post paralysis facial synkinesis.
Congenital hand anomalies in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abulezz Tarek , Talaat Mohamed , Elsani Asem , Allam Karam 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Congenital hand anomalies are numerous and markedly variant. Their significance is attributed to the frequent occurrence and their serious social, psychological and functional impacts on patient’s life. Patients and Methods: This is a follow-up study of 64 patients with hand anomalies of variable severity. All patients were presented to Plastic Surgery Department of Sohag University Hospital in a period of 24 months. Results: This study revealed that failure of differentiation and duplication deformities were the most frequent, with polydactyly was the most common anomaly encountered. The mean age of presentation was 6 years and female to male ratio was 1.46:1. Hand anomalies were either isolated, associated with other anomalies or part of a syndrome. Conclusion: Incidence of congenital hand anomalies in Upper Egypt is difficult to be estimated due to social and cultural concepts, lack of education, poor registration and deficient medical survey. Management of hand anomalies should be individualised, carefully planned and started as early as possible to achieve the best outcome.
Subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap: An old technique revisited and modified!
Authors: Karki Durga , Mehta Nikhil , Narayan Ravi Prakash 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Post-burn axillary and elbow scar contracture is a challenging problem to the reconstructive surgeon owing to the wide range of abduction and extension that should be achieved, respectively, while treating either of the joint. The aim of this paper is to highlight the use of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap for the management of post-burn axillary and elbow contractures. Methodology: This is a prospective case study of axillary and elbow contractures managed at a tertiary care hospital using propeller flap based on subcutaneous pedicle from 2009 to 2014. Surgical treatment comprised of subcutaneous-based pedicle propeller flap from the normal tissue within the contracture based on central axis pedicle. The flap was rotated axially to break the contracture. The technique further encompassed a modification, a Zig-Zag incision of the flap, which was seen to prevent hypertrophy along the incision line. There was a mean period of 12 months of follow-up. Results: Thirty-eight patients consisting of 22 males and 16 females were included in this study among which 23 patients had Type II axillary contractures and 15 had moderate flexion contractures at elbow joint. The post-operative abduction achieved at shoulder joint had a mean of 168° whereas extension achieved at elbow had a mean of 175°. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: The choice of surgical procedure for reconstruction of post-burn upper extremity contractures should be made according to the pattern of scar contracture and the state of surrounding skin. The choice of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap should be emphasised because of the superior functional results of flap as well as ease to learn it. Moreover, the modification of propeller flap described achieves better results in terms of scar healing. There is an inter-positioning of healthy skin in between the graft, so it prevents scar band formation all around the flap.
An unusual foreign body in the infratemporal fossa
Authors: Ramdas Sharad 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTInfratemporal fossa injuries are uncommon and often go undetected presenting later with complications. We present a case of an infratemporal fossa penetrating injury with a ball point spring following a vehicular accident. Post-traumatic trismus even following supposedly trivial injury in the area should raise suspicion of possible injury in this location.
Superficial upper limb vasculature and its surgical implications
Authors: Gupta Richa , Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Kaur Harjeet , Gaba Sunil , Sahni Daisy 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAny kind of anatomical variation whether encountered during cadaveric dissections or routine clinical or surgical procedures needs to be reported and taken into account. This can be quite helpful in planning surgeries accordingly and avoid disastrous complications. During routine cadaveric dissection, authors found a superficial course of arteries of the arm as well as the forearm, unilaterally in one cadaver. In this case, there were two brachial arteries - superficial and deep. Superficial brachial artery terminated into superficial radial and superficial ulnar artery. Deep brachial artery was trifurcated into common interosseous, medial and lateral artery branches. Authors have also discussed the developmental anomaly, which could have led to the observed morphological variation. Superficial vessels can provide large size pedicles for raising flaps for local reconstructive surgeries in the region of axilla, elbow, wrist or hand, or other regions.
Diagnostic tools in maxillofacial fractures: Is there really a need of three-dimensional computed tomography?
Authors: Shah Sheerin , Uppal Sanjeev K. , Mittal Rajinder K. , Garg Ramneesh , Saggar Kavita 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Because of its functional and cosmetic importance, facial injuries, especially bony fractures are clinically very significant. Missed and maltreated fractures might result in malocclusion and disfigurement of the face, thus making accurate diagnosis of the fracture very essential. In earlier times, conventional radiography along with clinical examination played a major role in diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures. However, it was noted that the overlapping nature of bones and the inability to visualise soft tissue swelling and fracture displacement, especially in face, makes radiography less reliable and useful. Computed tomography (CT), also called as X-ray computed radiography, has helped in solving this problem. This clinical study is to compare three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction with conventional radiography in evaluating the maxillofacial fractures preoperatively and effecting the surgical management, accordingly. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients, with suspected maxillofacial fractures on clinical examination, were subjected to conventional radiography and CT face with 3D reconstruction. The number and site of fractures in zygoma, maxilla, mandible and nose, detected by both the methods, were enumerated and compared. The final bearing of these additional fractures, on the management protocol, was analysed. Results: CT proved superior to conventional radiography in diagnosing additional number of fractures in zygoma, maxilla, mandible (subcondylar) and nasal bone. Coronal and axial images were found to be significantly more diagnostic in fracture sites such as zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital floor, arch, lateral maxillary wall and anterior maxillary wall. Conclusion: 3D images gave an inside out picture of the actual sites of fractures. It acted as mind’s eye for pre-operative planning and intra-operative execution of surgery. Better surgical treatment could be given to 33% of the cases because of better diagnostic ability of CT.
Effective use of simple computer programmes and clay models to demonstrate the planning and operative steps for teaching and presentations
Authors: Patil Rahul Krishnarao , Malhotra Gopal , Srinivasan Venugopal , Hamid Ahmed Osama Abdul , Cherian Mahil , Koul Ashok Raj 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Presenting and demonstrating a surgical procedure in the current era is difficult without good intraoperative pictures and videos. A long, complex, multi-staged surgery is better illustrated by detailed intraoperative images at various stages. Although desirable, it may be difficult due to various reasons. Material and Methods: A simple method of preparing illustrations with pictures/diagrams created on PowerPoint and clay models to recreate the missing links in clinical photographs has been proposed. Results: It is a simple technique with a moderate learning curve. Once familiar with technique, one can effectively use the technique to convey the details in much more clear manner. Conclusion: It is a simple and effective way of communicating through digital images, and gives the audience a 3 dimensional idea about the concept.
Periareolar augmentation mastopexy: A new approach dealing with the cases as tuberous breasts
Authors: Moltó-García Roberto , Villaverde-Doménech María Eloísa , González-Alonso Virina , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Simon-Sanz Eduardo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Periareolar augmentation mastopexy is one of the most demanded operations at Plastic Surgery clinics. Nevertheless, it is one of the leads of malpractice claims in United States caused by the high patient expectations and the standard surgical techniques which may result in common complications. The aim of this report is to present a new surgical approach to solve these complications. Methods: After establishing a working hypothesis, we performed a revision study of our patients and we came to the following conclusion: in order to perform a periareolar mastopexy for ptosis correction, breast has to be tuberous at any level and to have abnormally short inferior pole. These findings may explain the main complications from periareolar augmentation mastopexy with the standard surgical techniques. Consequently, we started a prospective observational study including 56 patients following a new surgical technique which deals the cases as tuberous breasts. Results: During three years, fifty-six periareolar mastopexies were performed with this new surgical approach with one year follow-up. No major complications were observed and 40 of the patients (71%) described the results as very positive. Conclusion: “If a periareolar mastopexy can be performed, then it must be a tuberous breast”. According to this, a new surgical technique for periareolar augmentation mastopexy has been developed obtaining an improvement in our surgical results and achieving a totally different view on this pathology, which has not been reported in literature yet.
Apport de la qPCR au dépistage des infections des ruminants par des Anaplasmataceae : étude de cas au Pays Basque et en Corse
Authors: Dahmani Mustapha , Mediannikov Oleg , Rousseau Frédéric , Fabrizy Bernard , Ferrandi Sandrine , Fenollar Florence , Davoust Bernard 
Published: September 2016

Les Anaplasmataceae sont des bactéries intracellulaires transmises aux animaux et à l’homme, principalement par les tiques. Les Anaplasma spp. (A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum…) et les Ehrlichia
spp. (E. canis, E. ruminantium...) en sont les principaux représentants d’importance économique et sanitaire. Les outils de diagnostic disponibles jouent un rôle déterminant dans leur identification. Nous proposons une approche globale par un système permettant d’identifier la plupart des espèces d’Anaplasmataceae. Il est basé sur le gène codant l’ARNr 23S ; il couple une qPCR et une PCR standard avec deux jeux d’amorces suivie d’un séquençage. Il est testé pour en vérifier la spécificité, puis mis en oeuvre à partir de prélèvements de sang de ruminants et de tiques : dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques, des brebis suspectes d’infection sont porteuses d’A. ovis et leurs tiques Rhipicephalus bursa, d’A. ovis, d’A. phagocytophilum et d’une nouvelle ehrlichia. En Haute-Corse, une forte prévalence d’infections par les Anaplasmataceae est détectée dans des élevages (bovins, ovins, caprins) où la symptomatologie rétrocède lors de traitements à l’oxytétracycline. La spécificité et la sensibilité du système de diagnostic utilisé et sa capacité à identifier de nouvelles espèces offrent des perspectives pour l’étude de l’épidémiologie des Anaplasmataceae et permettront de mettre en évidence de nouveaux réservoirs.
Fidelity to western metaphysics: A challenge to authentic African existence
Authors: Asouzu Innocent I 
Published: September 2016

In this paper, I tried to show how Western attitude to reality can be traced to the divisive exclusivist type of mind-set behind Aristotle’s conception of the world. I gesture toward some of the severest consequences of approaching the world with such a mind-set, and how such has complicated matters in some of the major debates in African philosophy. By recourse to ibuanyidanda or complementary philosophy, the author explores ways of addressing some of the challenges approaches of this kind present in view of resolving issues that have relevance for authentic existence.Keywords: Aristotle, ibuanyidanda, complementary ontology, Tempelsian Damage, ihe mkpuchi anya, missing link of reality.
Xenophobia and its implications for social order in Africa
Authors: Lanre-Abass Bolatito A , Oguh Matthew E 
Published: September 2016

Xenophobia, a form of discrimination practiced in countries, particularly in South Africa, is one of the major challenges confronting the modern day society. This paper examines xenophobia as a menace showing at the same time that this discriminatory practice bifurcates societies by creating a dichotomy amidst the various occupants of the society, thereby giving room for “otherness” rather than “orderliness”. The paper also highlights the philosophical implications of this societal bifurcation, particularly to the human community. Seeking a plausible way of addressing this challenge, the paper concludes by emphasizing the relevance of the value of tolerance in curbing xenophobia.Keywords: Xenophobia, Social discrimination, Tolerance, order and other, Africa.