bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing and Storytelling as Political Action: Difference, Plurality and Coming into Presence in the Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Sunday Kristine E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article is an embodied representation of how narrative illustrates Hannah Arendt's ideas of action, natality and plurality. It is, in essence, a story of a story that situates the actions of two young children as an instance where difference came together through the political and public act of drawing. Throughout the unfolding of the event, and in the subsequent retelling of that event, subjectivity came into presence, for both the children and myself. Our knowing was mediated by our immediate experience and understood only in the reflection of the experience. The encounter highlights how early childhood art practices can serve as an opening for contemplating a relational theory of learning. It further illustrates how narrative frameworks provide important opportunities to respond to difference through the reorganisation and reintegration of ideas generated in action.
Exploring, Developing, Facilitating Individual Practice, While Learning to Become a Teacher of Art, Craft and Design
Authors: Mindel Carla 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe artist teacher project set out to facilitate trainee teachers’ creative practice and inform their critical pedagogy in the classroom. The approach outlined in this article encouraged them to consider predictable and formulaic practice, and to question, reflect upon and challenge orthodoxies in their teaching of art, craft and design. They critically appraised their practice within a community of reflective practitioners in critical presentations, and in their reflective writing, and discussed and debated the contradictory positions between what they explored in their individual practices as artists and that experienced in the classroom. This project highlighted how fundamental the critical presentations were because the peer‐review, feedback and support, facilitated dialogue in a creative, dynamic space and community of practice. These ‘crits’ also became a forum for airing frustrations and trying to come to terms with the re‐emergence of their artist identities while at the same time, having to suppress many of their convictions and ideals in order to conform to what they found on school placement.
Imitative or Iconoclastic? How Young Children use Ready‐Made Images in Digital Art
Authors: Sakr Mona , Connelly Vincent , Wild Mary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDigital art‐making tends to foreground the inclusion of ready‐made images in children's art. While some lament children's use of such images, suggesting that they constrain creativity and expression, others have argued that ready‐made digital materials offer children the opportunity to create innovative and potentially iconoclastic artefacts through processes of ‘remix’ and ‘mash‐up’. In order to further this debate, observations are needed to explore the different ways that children use ready‐made images in their digital art and the various purposes that these images can serve. Adopting a social semiotic perspective, this article offers an in‐depth examination of five episodes of 4–5 year‐olds’ digital art‐making that collectively demonstrate the diversity of approaches that young children take towards the inclusion of ready‐made images in their digital art‐making. The article discusses these findings in relation to suggestions for what adults can do to support children to adopt a playful and critically aware approach to the use of ready‐made images in digital art‐making.
Turning Polemics into Pedagogy: Teaching about Censorship in Art Education
Authors: Fitch Sebastien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent decades, the field of art education has seen an increasing interest in issues of social justice and social reconstruction which has led to pre‐service art educators often being encouraged to include potentially controversial topics in their pedagogy. Surprisingly, however, there seems to have been little concurrent discussion concerning the inherent risks involved in introducing polemical themes within the classroom. Indeed, despite its obvious importance, the subject of censorship is often given little attention in art education circles, save for when it has already become an active problem, such as when an instructor is accused of censorship by a student, or when forces outside the classroom seek to involve themselves in pedagogical decisions. In this article, I describe my experience creating and implementing an undergraduate pre‐service art education course on the subject of censorship. I begin by examining my students’ reactions to some of the themes explored, and then explain how discussing cases of art censorship and controversy can serve as a platform for introducing students to the key role that context plays in how we perceive, value and react to artworks. Finally, I make the argument that by including censorship as a subject within their curriculum, teachers can help students better to navigate the psychological, moral and ethical complexities of contemporary art making.
Subclinical cardiovascular disease and it's improvement after long‐term TNF‐α inhibitor therapy in severe psoriatic patients
Authors: Herédi E. , Végh J. , Pogácsás L. , Gáspár K. , Varga J. , Kincse G. , Zeher M. , Szegedi A. , Gaál J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are conflicting data on the occurrence of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in psoriatic patients and on the impact of long‐term tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitor therapy on cardiac function.ObjectiveIn this study, we explored whether there are any signs of subclinical cardiovascular disease (echocardiographic abnormalities) in severe psoriatic patients without clinically overt heart disease. As a second objective, the influence of long‐term treatment with TNF‐α inhibitors on the ventricular functions of psoriatic patients was also investigated.MethodsClinical and echocardiographic data from 44 psoriatic patients and 45 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were processed. As a first step, the echocardiographic parameters of psoriatic patients obtained before anti‐TNF‐α treatment were compared with controls. As a second step, to detect the effect of long‐term anti‐TNF‐α treatment on echocardiographic parameters, data of patients before and after therapy were analysed.ResultsThe right ventricular Tei index was higher (P < 0.001), whereas the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular free wall peak systolic velocity were lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) in the psoriatic patients than in the controls. Following treatment with TNF‐α inhibitors, TAPSE and right ventricular free wall peak systolic velocity significantly improved (P < 0.0001 for both parameters). The Tei index of both ventricles improved during biological therapy; however, this change did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionPatients with severe psoriasis exhibit signs of subclinical cardiovascular disease compared to control, and prolonged anti‐TNF‐α therapy has a potentially beneficial effect on these signs.
Viral load strategy: impact on risk behaviour and serocommunication of men who have sex with men in specialized care
Authors: Kuhn E. , Potthoff A. , Dirks H. , Borgmann R. , Esser S. , Scherbaum N. , Brockmeyer N.H. , Skaletz‐Rorowski A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIncidence and prevalence of HIV are continuously high in German men, who have sex with men (MSM). Different transmission risk minimizing strategies have been observed. The viral load strategy rates patients unlikely to be sexually infectious if their viral load under effective therapy is stably suppressed during 6 months and no other sexually transmitted infections are present.ObjectivesWe aim to objectify the current popularity of the viral load strategy, the adherence to basic conditions and its impact on risk behaviour and serocommunication. Until now, no data on a German sample of HIV‐positive MSM in regular specialized outpatient care are available.MethodsCross‐sectional study with group comparisons between user group and non‐user‐group of the viral load strategy. Self‐report questionnaires were conducted with 269 sexually active German HIV+MSM under effective treatment in specialized outpatient care. Structured interviews gathered additional information about approach to and realization of definite action levels concerning sexual risk behaviour and transmission risk minimizing strategies.ResultsTwenty‐seven of 269 participants (10%) affirmed knowledge of having an undetectable viral load and stated this to be criteria for unprotected sexual behaviour. This subgroup reported more unprotected insertive (P = 0.018) and receptive anal intercourse (P = 0.042), more anonymous sex partners (P = 0.008) and less consistent safer sex. Analysing serocommunication, less addressing HIV/AIDS in general (P = 0.043) and less disclosing to sex partners (P = 0.023) was found, especially in anonymous settings. Differentiating serocommunication characteristics, a focus on seroguessing was depicted.ConclusionsThe user group of the viral load strategy is small. But a less frequent, more reactive and assumptive serocommunication leads to an imprecise information exchange paired with higher frequency of risky behaviour, especially in anonymous settings, where frank serocommunication is often avoided. The targeted group of the viral load strategy diverges greatly from the user group.
Sensitivity to change of the Dermatology Life Quality Index in adult females with facial acne vulgaris: a validation study
Authors: Richter C. , Trojahn C. , Hillmann K. , Dobos G. , Kanti V. , Vogt A. , Blume‐Peytavi U. , Kottner J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe postadolescent form of acne papulopustulosa, also referred to as ‘acne tarda’ can have substantial negative impact on Quality of Life, especially in adult female patients.ObjectiveAlthough the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is widely used, empirical evidence about its performance in adult female acne patients is lacking.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we have investigated the sensitivity to change of the DLQI in 53 female adult acne patients with mild to moderate facial acne treated with azelaic acid (AzA) 15% gel twice daily over 24 weeks.ResultsMean Investigator Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score was 2.3 (SD 0.5) at baseline and ranged from 0.9 (SD 0.3) to 2.1 (SD 0.4) at the end of the study in the ‘Highly Improved’ and ‘Unchanged’ responder groups respectively. The mean baseline DLQI score was 5.1 (SD 4.2). The Effect Size in the responder group ‘Highly Improved’ was 0.66; in group ‘Improved’ 0.62 and 0.23 in group ‘Unchanged’. At the end of study, the mean DLQI score ranged from 1.1 (SD 1.5) in the ‘Highly Improved’ group to 3.7 (SD 6.0) in the ‘Unchanged’ group.ConclusionThe results support the sensitivity to change of the DLQI in this population.
Pain management in photodynamic therapy using a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture: a prospective, within‐patient, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fink C. , Uhlmann L. , Enk A. , Gholam P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses. Nevertheless, severe pain during the procedure is a serious adverse effect, which leads to interruption or even termination. Complete pain relief remains a difficult challenge.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture on pain intensity during photodynamic therapy.MethodsThis clinical trial has been designed as a prospective, single‐centre, explorative, controlled, observational study.ResultsWe were able to detect a significant overall pain reduction of 55.2% after application of a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture by means of an intra‐individual comparison. Furthermore, the total number of therapy interruption significantly decreased by 82% after the inhalation analgesia. Additionally, treatment satisfaction ranged from ‘extremely to very satisfied’.ConclusionsThis study shows that analgesia by means of a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture is a very effective and well‐tolerated method for achieving significant pain reduction during photodynamic therapy.
Can Reduced‐Step Polishers Be as Effective as Multiple‐Step Polishers in Enhancing Surface Smoothness?
Authors: Kemaloglu Hande , Karacolak Gamze , Turkun L. Sebnem 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various finishing and polishing systems on the final surface roughness of a resin composite. Hypotheses tested were: (1) reduced‐step polishing systems are as effective as multiple‐step systems on reducing the surface roughness of a resin composite and (2) the number of application steps in an F/P system has no effect on reducing surface roughness.Materials and MethodsNinety discs of a nano‐hybrid resin composite were fabricated and divided into nine groups (n = 10). Except the control, all of the specimens were roughened prior to be polished by: Enamel Plus Shiny, Venus Supra, One‐gloss, Sof‐Lex Wheels, Super‐Snap, Enhance/PoGo, Clearfil Twist Dia, and rubber cups. The surface roughness was measured and the surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance and Holm‐Sidak's multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences were found among the surface roughness of all groups (p < 0.05). The smoothest surfaces were obtained under Mylar strips and the results were not different than Super‐Snap, Enhance/PoGo, and Sof‐Lex Spiral Wheels. The group that showed the roughest surface was the rubber cup group and these results were similar to those of the One‐gloss, Enamel Plus Shiny, and Venus Supra groups.Conclusions(1) The number of application steps has no effect on the performance of F/P systems. (2) Reduced‐step polishers used after a finisher can be preferable to multiple‐step systems when used on nanohybrid resin composites. (3) The effect of F/P systems on surface roughness seems to be material‐dependent rather than instrument‐ or system‐dependent.Clinical SignificanceReduced‐step systems used after a prepolisher can be an acceptable alternative to multiple‐step systems on enhancing the surface smoothness of a nanohybrid composite; however, their effectiveness depends on the materials’ properties. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:31–40, 2017)
Dopamine D3 autoreceptor inhibition enhances cocaine potency at the dopamine transporter
Authors: McGinnis Molly M. , Siciliano Cody A. , Jones Sara R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCocaine is a commonly abused central nervous system stimulant that enhances dopamine (DA) neurotransmission through its ability to block dopamine transporters (DATs). Recent evidence suggests there may be an interaction between DATs and D2/D3 autoreceptors that modulates cocaine's effects. The purpose of this study was to explore how D2/D3 autoreceptors modulate the ability of cocaine to inhibit DA uptake through DATs on pre‐synaptic DA terminals. Using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in brain slices containing the nucleus accumbens core from male and female C57BL/6J mice, we first sought to examine the effects of global autoreceptor blockade using the non‐selective D2/D3 autoreceptor antagonist, raclopride. We found that the ability of cocaine to inhibit DA uptake was increased by raclopride and that this effect was consistent across sexes. Furthermore, using D2 (L‐741,626) or D3 (SB‐277011‐A) autoreceptor selective antagonists, we discovered that blockade of D3, but not D2, autoreceptors was responsible for the increased cocaine potency. Alterations in cocaine potency were attributable to alterations in uptake inhibition, rather than cocaine effects on vesicular DA release, suggesting that these results may be a product of a functional D3/DAT interaction apart from the canonical inhibitory actions of D3 autoreceptors on DA release. In addition, application of D2 (sumanirole) and D3 (PD 128907) autoreceptor‐specific agonists had inverse effects, whereby D2 autoreceptor activation decreased cocaine potency and D3 autoreceptor activation had no effect. Together, these data show that DA autoreceptors dynamically regulate cocaine potency at the DAT, which is important for understanding cocaine's rewarding and addictive properties.
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We propose a model whereby presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors dynamically modulate cocaine potency through two separate mechanisms. We demonstrate that D2 agonists decrease cocaine potency, whereas D3 antagonists increase cocaine potency, likely through an allosteric mechanism outside of their canonical actions on dopamine release. These findings give important and novel insight into the contribution of D2/D3 autoreceptors to dopamine transporter function.
The genomewide transcriptional response underlying the pea aphid wing polyphenism
Authors: Vellichirammal Neetha N. , Madayiputhiya Nandakumar , Brisson Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is a key life history strategy used by many plants and animals living in heterogeneous environments. A multitude of studies have investigated the costs and limits of plasticity, as well as the conditions under which it evolves. Much less well understood are the molecular genetic mechanisms that enable an organism to sense its environment and respond in a plastic manner. The pea aphid wing polyphenism is a compelling laboratory model to study these mechanisms. In this polyphenism, environmental stressors like high density cause asexual, viviparous adult female aphids to change the development of their embryos from wingless to winged morphs. The life history trade‐offs between the two morphs have been intensively studied, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. We therefore performed a genomewide study of the maternal transcriptome at two time points with and without a crowding stress to discover the maternal molecular changes that lead to the development of winged vs. wingless offspring. We observed significant transcriptional changes in genes associated with odorant binding, neurotransmitter transport, hormonal activity and chromatin remodelling in the maternal transcriptome. We also found that titres of serotonin, dopamine and octopamine were higher in solitary compared to crowded aphids. We use these results to posit a model for how maternal signals inform a developing embryo to be winged or wingless. Our findings add significant insights into the identity of the molecular mechanisms that underlie environmentally induced morph determination and suggest a possible role for biogenic amine regulation in polyphenisms generally.
Strong reproductive isolation and narrow genomic tracts of differentiation among three woodpecker species in secondary contact
Authors: Grossen Christine , Seneviratne Sampath S. , Croll Daniel , Irwin Darren E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHybrid zones allow the measurement of gene flow across the genome, producing insight into the genomic architecture of speciation. Such analysis is particularly powerful when applied to multiple pairs of hybridizing species, as patterns of genomic differentiation can then be related to age of the hybridizing species, providing a view into the build‐up of differentiation over time. We examined 33 809 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three hybridizing woodpecker species: Red‐breasted, Red‐naped and Yellow‐bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber,Sphyrapicus nuchalisandSphyrapicus varius), two of which (ruberandnuchalis) are much more closely related than each is to the third (varius). To identify positions ofSNPs on chromosomes, we developed a localization method based on comparative genomics. We found narrow clines, bimodal distributions of hybrid indices and genomic regions with decreased rates of introgression. These results suggest moderately strong reproductive isolation among species and selection against specific hybrid genotypes. We found 19 small regions of strong differentiation between species, partly shared among species pairs, but no large regions of differentiation. An association analysis revealed a single strong‐effect candidate locus associated with plumage, possibly explaining mismatch among the three species in genomic relatedness and plumage similarity. Our comparative analysis of species pairs of different age and their hybrid zones showed that moderately strong reproductive isolation can occur with little genomic differentiation, but that reproductive isolation is incomplete even with much greater genomic differentiation, implying there are long periods of time when hybridization is possible if diverging populations are in geographic contact.
The genetics of extreme microgeographic adaptation: an integrated approach identifies a major gene underlying leaf trichome divergence in Yellowstone Mimulus guttatus
Authors: Hendrick Margaret F. , Finseth Findley R. , Mathiasson Minna E. , Palmer Kristen A. , Broder Emma M. , Breigenzer Peter , Fishman Lila 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMicrogeographic adaptation provides a particularly interesting context for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence and may also present unique empirical challenges. In particular, plant adaptation to extreme soil mosaics may generate barriers to gene flow or shifts in mating system that confound simple genomic scans for adaptive loci. Here, we combine three approaches – quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of candidate intervals in controlled crosses, population resequencing (PoolSeq) and analyses of wild recombinant individuals – to investigate one trait associated with Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower) adaptation to geothermal soils in Yellowstone National Park. We mapped a major QTL causing dense leaf trichomes in thermally adapted plants to a <50‐kb region of linkage Group 14 (Tr14) previously implicated in trichome divergence between independent M. guttatus populations. A PoolSeq scan of Tr14 region revealed a cluster of six genes, coincident with the inferred QTL peak, with high allele frequency differences sufficient to explain observed phenotypic differentiation. One of these, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor Migut.N02661, is a plausible functional candidate and was also strongly associated (r2 = 0.27) with trichome phenotype in analyses of wild‐collected admixed individuals. Although functional analyses will be necessary to definitively link molecular variants in Tr14 with trichome divergence, our analyses are a major step in that direction. They point to a simple, and parallel, genetic basis for one axis of Mimulus guttatus adaptation to an extreme habitat, suggest a broadly conserved genetic basis for trichome variation across flowering plants and pave the way for further investigations of this challenging case of microgeographic incipient speciation.