bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COD reduction of textile effluent in three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor using Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Escherichia coli
Authors: Sur Dharmesh H. , Mukhopadhyay Mausumi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Escherichia coli and air as gas on degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in three-phase inverse fluidized beds (TPIFBs) for textile effluents with initial COD of 1200 ppm (effluent 1) and 640 ppm (effluent 2). Investigators focused on the importance of different design of gas spargers of the TPIFB for checking its effect on COD reduction performance. For this purpose, four different gas spargers were fabricated for gas flow entry into bioreactor with different % open area: Gas sparger 1 (18% open area), sparger 2 (10.42% open area), sparger 3 (8.077% open area) and sparger 4 (1.53% open area). These percentage open area decided the amount of gas flow in a unit time in batch studies, which in turn rely mainly on superficial gas velocity. The reduction in COD was measured at two different superficial gas velocity (0.00343 and 0.004068 m/s) and at two ratio of static bed height to diameter (H/D) of 0.5 and 0.25 in an aerobic mode. Textile effluent 1 resulted in 98.07% COD reduction with sparger 3 and discharged at 23.14 ppm in 28 h. Textile effluent 2 resulted in 96.5% COD reduction with sparger 2 and discharged at 22.4 ppm in 22 h. The resulting COD values of Effluent 1 and effluent 2 were in range of discharge limit and resulted at a low gas velocity of 0.00343 m/s and low H/D ratio of 0.25. The gas holdup correlation was found to be ε
g = 0.0064 U
g
0.98
.
Ginger extract as green biocide to control microbial corrosion of mild steel
Authors: Narenkumar Jayaraman , Parthipan Punniyakotti , Usha Raja Nanthini Ayyakkannu , Benelli Giovanni , Murugan Kadarkarai , Rajasekar Aruliah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn latest years, various techniques and chemicals have been used for the control of microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals. The application of botanical-based biocides is one of the effective and practical techniques in the fight against MIC. In the present study, the role of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) (GIE) as green biocide to control MIC of mild steel 1010 (MS) in a cooling water system was investigated. Biocorrosion behavior ofBacillus thuringiensisEN2 on MS and its control by GIE was analyzed by electrochemical measurements. Polarization, electrochemical studies (ES), weight loss measurements (WL), and surface analysis (XRD, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and FTIR, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy) were performed under various incubation periods up to 4 weeks. We observed that EN2 forms a thick biofilm on the MS metal surface at the end of the incubation period and the WL significantly increased to 993 mg at fourth week when compared to the initial immersion period (194 ± 2 mg). In contrast, with addition of GIE, WL was reduced about 41 ± 2 mg over biotic system (993 ± 2 mg). GC–MS analysis confirmed the adsorption of active component of GIE (β-turmerone) on the metal surface as a protective layer to prevent the biofilm formation and thus leads to reduction of corrosion. The optimum 20 ppm of GIE was found to be effective corrosion inhibition efficiency which was about 80%. From the results of WL, ES, XRD, FTIR, and GC–MS, GIE was identified as biocide and thus inhibits the bacterial growth on MS metal surface and it leads to control MIC. XRD showed that the GIE with EN2 resulted in less formation of corrosion products over biotic and abiotic systems. Overall, this research first shed light on the antibacterial activity of GIE inhibiting biofilm formation, thus reducing the corrosion of MS in cooling water systems.
Silencing of Transposable Elements by piRNAs in Drosophila: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Lu Jian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move within the genome. TEs have greatly shaped the genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of the host organisms through a variety of mechanisms. However, TEs generally disrupt genes and destabilize the host genomes, which substantially reduce fitness of the host organisms. Understanding the genomic distribution and evolutionary dynamics of TEs will greatly deepen our understanding of the TE-mediated biological processes. Most TE insertions are highly polymorphic in Drosophila melanogaster, providing us a good system to investigate the evolution of TEs at the population level. Decades of theoretical and experimental studies have well established “transposition-selection” population genetics model, which assumes that the equilibrium between TE replication and purifying selection determines the copy number of TEs in the genome. In the last decade, P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were demonstrated to be master repressors of TE activities in Drosophila. The discovery of piRNAs revolutionized our understanding of TE repression, because it reveals that the host organisms have evolved an adaptive mechanism to defend against TE invasion. Tremendous progress has been made to understand the molecular mechanisms by which piRNAs repress active TEs, although many details in this process remain to be further explored. The interaction between piRNAs and TEs well explains the molecular mechanisms underlying hybrid dysgenesis for the I-R and P-M systems in Drosophila, which have puzzled evolutionary biologists for decades. The piRNA repression pathway provides us an unparalleled system to study the co-evolutionary process between parasites and host organisms.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Group Intervention for Hypersexual Disorder: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hallberg Jonas , Kaldo Viktor , Arver Stefan , Dhejne Cecilia , Öberg Katarina Görts 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The proposed criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition for hypersexual disorder (HD) included symptoms reported by patients seeking help for excessive and out-of-control non-paraphilic sexual behavior, including sexual behaviors in response to dysphoric mood states, impulsivity, and risk taking. Although no prior studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of HD have been performed, CBT has been found effective for dysphoric mood states and impulsivity.

Aim
To investigate the feasibility of a CBT manual developed for HD explored through symptom decrease, treatment attendance, and clients’ treatment satisfaction.

Methods
Ten men with a diagnosis of HD took part in the CBT group program. Measurements were taken before, during, and at the end of treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment.

Outcomes
The primary outcome was the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD:CAS) score that measured the severity of problematic hypersexual symptoms and secondary outcomes were the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory (HDSI) score, the proportion of attended sessions, and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) score.

Results
Main results were significant decreases of HD symptoms from before to after treatment on HD:CAS and HDSI scores and a decrease in the number of problematic sexual behaviors during the course of therapy. A high attendance rate of 93% and a high treatment satisfaction score on CSQ-8 also were found.

Clinical Implications
The CBT program seemed to ameliorate the symptoms of HD and therefore might be a feasible treatment option.

Strengths and Limitations
This study provides data from a CBT program for the treatment of the specific proposed criteria of HD. Because of the small sample and lack of a control group, the results can be considered only preliminary.

Conclusion
Although participants reported decreased HD symptoms after attending the CBT program, future studies should evaluate the treatment program with a larger sample and a randomized controlled procedure to ensure treatment effectiveness.
Depth differentiation of the Middle Ordovician graptolite and trilobite complexes of Gorny Altai
Authors: Sennikov N.V. , Timokhin A.V. , Lykova E.V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A biostratigraphic analysis of the Middle Ordovician reference sections of northeastern Gorny Altai is carried out. We study complexes of pelagic graptolites and benthic trilobites from the Dapingian–Darriwilian Tuloi and Karasu Formations. For the first time for the Late Paleozoic sedimentary basins of Siberia, lithofacies and biofacies analyses of the sedimentary successions and associated paleobiota are applied to estimation of the depths of the shelf basin and the remoteness of its particular parts from the shoreline. Proposed reconstructions are based on a complex analysis of lithology and thickness of the successions and the structure of associated complexes of pelagic organisms, graptolites (including evaluation of the population density and dominating taxa). Herein we appraise the bioindicator potential of the benthic trilobite paleocommunities.
Parametric method of compensation for near-surface heterogeneity in processing CDP data
Authors: Sysoev A.P. , Gorelik G.D. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Compensation for near-surface heterogeneity is an important part of the seismic reflection method. The problem is solved by continuing the observed wavefield to a horizontal datum. Traditionally, two reflection traveltime curves determined from survey and datum lines are related by static shift corrections. In this paper, we solve a continuation problem in which the relation between the traveltimes of the observed and continued wavefields is given by the root-mean-square velocity equation for a two-layer earth model. A comparative analysis of the two methods of compensation for surface heterogeneity due to the variable altitude of the ground surface is made.
The influence of shear-dependent rheology on turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Singh J. , Rudman M. , Blackburn H. M. 
Published: June 2017

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent pipe flow of power-law fluids at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=323$ are analysed in order to understand the way in which shear thinning or thickening affects first- and second-order flow statistics including turbulent kinetic energy production, transport and dissipation in such flows. The results show that with shear thinning, near-wall streaks become weaker and the axial and azimuthal correlation lengths of axial velocity fluctuations increase. Viscosity fluctuations give rise to an additional shear stress term in the mean momentum equation which is negative for shear-thinning fluids and which increases in magnitude as the fluid becomes more shear thinning: for an equal mean wall shear stress, this term increases the mean velocity gradient in shear-thinning fluids when compared to a Newtonian fluid. Consequently, the mean velocity profile in power-law fluids deviates from the law of the wall $U_{z}^{+}=y^{+}$ in the viscous sublayer when traditional near-wall scaling is used. Consideration is briefly given to an alternative scaling that allows the law of wall to be recovered but which results in loss of a common mean stress profile. With shear thinning, the mean viscosity increases slightly at the wall and its profile appears to be approximately logarithmic in the velocity log layer. Through analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy budget, undertaken here for the first time for generalised Newtonian fluids, it is shown that shear thinning decreases the overall turbulent kinetic energy production but widens the wall-normal region where it is generated. Additional dissipation terms in the mean flow and turbulent kinetic energy budget equations arise from viscosity fluctuations; with shear thinning, these result in a net decrease in the total viscous dissipation. The overall effect of shear thinning on the turbulent kinetic energy budget is found to be largely confined to the inner layers, $y^{+}\lesssim 60$.
Vitamin D status in renal transplant recipients living in a low-latitude city: association with body fat, cardiovascular risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria
Authors: Rosina Kelli T. C. , Menna Barreto Ana Paula M. , Pontes Karine S. S. , Martins Cyro J. M. , Souza Edison , Bregman Rachel , Barreto Silva Maria Inês , Klein Márcia R. S. T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with CVD, impaired kidney function and proteinuria. To date, no study has evaluated these associations in renal transplant recipients (RTR) adjusting for body adiposity assessed by a ‘gold standard’ method. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status and its association with body adiposity, CVD risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria in RTR, living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (a low-latitude city (22°54'10"S)), taking into account body adiposity evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This cross-sectional study included 195 RTR (114 men) aged 47·6 (sd11·2) years. Nutritional evaluation included anthropometry and DXA. Risk factors for CVD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and the metabolic syndrome. eGFR was evaluated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was used to define vitamin D status as follows: 10 % (n19) had vitamin D deficiency (<16 ng/ml), 43 % (n85) had insufficiency (16–30 ng/ml) and 47 % (n91) had sufficiency (>30 ng/ml). Percentage of body fat (DXA) was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency independently of age, sex and eGFR. Lower 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia after adjustment for age, sex and eGFR, but not after additional adjustment for body fat. Hypertension and diabetes were not related to 25(OH)D. Lower serum 25(OH)D was associated with increasing proteinuria and decreasing eGFR even after adjustments for age, sex and percentage of body fat. This study suggests that in RTR of a low-latitude city hypovitaminosis D is common, and is associated with excessive body fat, decreased eGFR and increased proteinuria.
Modelling growth curve in Moghani sheep: comparison of non-linear mixed growth models and estimation of genetic relationship between growth curve parameters
Authors: GHAVI HOSSEIN-ZADEH N. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYIn order to describe the growth curves in Iranian Moghani sheep, five non-linear mixed mathematical equations (Brody, Negative exponential, Logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy) were compared. After selecting the best-fitted model based on purely statistical criteria, variance components and genetic parameters for growth curve characteristics were estimated. The data set and pedigree information used in the current study were obtained from the breeding station of Moghani sheep and included 7905 weight records of 1581 lambs from birth to 400 days of age between the years 1994 and 2012 inclusive. Each model was fitted to body weight records for all lambs, males, females, single and twin lambs using the NLMIXED procedure in SAS and the parameters were estimated. Animal was considered as subject in the models. The non-linear mixed models were examined for goodness of fit using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and residual variance. Marginal posterior distribution of genetic parameters and variance components were estimated using the Threshold Model programme. The Gibbs sampler was run for 1 000 000 rounds and the first 200 000 rounds were discarded as a burn-in period. Logistic model provided the best fit of growth curve in males, females, singles, twins and all lambs due to the lower values of AIC and residual variance compared with other models. Posterior mean estimates of direct heritabilities for asymptotic weight (A), initial animal weight (B) and maturation rate (K) parameters of Logistic model were 0·21, 0·24 and 0·29, respectively. Also, posterior mean estimates of maternal heritabilities forA,BandKwere 0·27, 0·24 and 0·19, respectively. Estimate of correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects forA,BandKparameters were −0·33, −0·69 and −0·51, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlation betweenA–B,A–KandB–Kwere positive and equal to 0·19, 0·07 and 0·28, respectively. Also, maternal genetic correlations betweenA–B,A–KandB–Kwere positive and equal to 0·43, 0·34 and 0·55, respectively. In general, evaluation of different growth equations used in the current study indicated the potential of the non-linear functions to fit body weight records of Moghani sheep. Also, the results of the current study showed that improvement of growth curve parameters of Moghani sheep could be possible in selection programmes. Therefore, development of an optimal selection strategy to achieve a desired shape of growth curve through changing genetically the parameters of model would be very important.
Phylogenetic relationships among European and Asian representatives of the genus Aspidogaster Baer, 1827 (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) inferred from molecular data
Authors: Atopkin D.M. , Shedko M.B. , Sokolov S.G. , Zhokhov A.E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the present study, phylogenetic relationships of European and Far Eastern representatives of the genus Aspidogaster Baer, 1827 were analysed: A. conchicola Baer, 1827, A. limacoides Diesing, 1834, A. ijimai Kawamura, 1915 and A. chongqingensis Wei, Huang & Dai, 2001. Based on ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA sequence data, an obvious differentiation was seen between specimens of A. limacoides sensu stricto from the European part of Russia and A. limacoides sensu Chen et al., 2010 from China (13.7%); the latter parasites were recognized as A. chongqingensis. Aspidogaster chongqingensis was more closely related to A. ijimai than to A. limacoides s. str. Specimens of A. ijimai from the Amur River, Khanka Lake (Russian Far East) and China were grouped into a single clade with low intra specific molecular differentiation (d = 0–0.3%). Specimens of A. conchicola from the European part of Russia, the Russian Far East and China also formed a single distinct clade. Genetic differentiation between European and Chinese samples of this species was two times lower (d = 0.45%) than between Russian Far East and European or Chinese samples (d = 0.96%), suggesting a long-term separate existence of A. conchicola in the Russian Far East.
Changing understandings of local knowledge in island environments
Authors: LAUER MATTHEW 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYIsland ecosystems have rich marine biodiversity and high levels of terrestrial endemism, but are potentially the most vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic stressors. To effectively manage environments, scholars and conservation practitioners have increasingly turned their attention to local islander knowledge (LK) and practices. To date, much of the literature treats LK definitionally rather than examining its theoretical underpinnings. This review focuses explicitly on the concept of LK and it describes three discernible phases of research marked by conceptual shifts. Over the 20th century, LK underwent a dramatic reversal from something understood as inferior and deficient to something that is valuable and empirically sound. This shift ushered in widespread acceptance of local islander knowledge as a unique, rich corpus of information that could be tapped by Western science to enhance community-based resource management. Over the last several decades, a third phase of LK research has emerged in which a more dynamic framing has developed, emphasizing LK's hybrid and adaptive dimensions, as well as its constitutive entanglements with other social–ecological processes. This has expanded the scope of inquiry into the strategies islanders employ as they adapt to changing social and environmental milieus, and as they attempt to co-produce knowledge with scientists and conservation practitioners.
Influence of gonadotropins on ovarian follicle growth and developmentin vivoandin vitro
Authors: Filatov Maxim , Khramova Yulia , Parshina Elena , Bagaeva Tatiana , Semenova Maria 
Published: June 2017

SummaryGonadotropins are the key regulators of ovarian follicles development. They are applied in therapeutic practice in assisted reproductive technology clinics. In the present review we discuss the basic gonadotropic hormones – recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone, its derivatives, luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin serum of pregnant mares, their origin, and application in ovarian follicle systems inin vitroculture systems.
The fascist new–old order
Authors: Hofmann Reto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractContemporaries and historians alike have explained the imperialism of interwar Japan, Italy, and Germany through the paradigm of a ‘new world order’. This article critically revisits this received assumption by analysing the place of the Axis in the longer history of imperialism from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War. If we cast Axis empires – a blend of fascism and imperialism – in the larger framework constituted by the relationship between the nation and capital, it becomes clear that they were not so much the result of the peculiar national histories of Japan, Italy, and Germany, but products of larger, global forces. Through an examination of recent scholarship, this article offers a new conceptual interpretation of the link between imperialism and fascism. In so doing, it adds to our understanding of the interwar period by breaking down the neat boundaries between liberal and fascist world orders.
The imperial nexus: the Second World War and the Axis in global perspective
Authors: Hedinger Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo date, the alliance between Tokyo, Berlin, and Rome has been interpreted primarily as an alliance between nation-states and has therefore been studied using bi-national approaches. However, this article argues that the strength and globality of the Axis becomes comprehensible if we understand it first and foremost as an alliance between empires. By discussing the interwar years from the viewpoint of trans-imperial cooperation and competition, we discover an imperial nexus. The history, characteristics, diversity, and consequences of this imperial nexus are shown in three parts. The first describes how the nexus helped to bring the distantly located partners together. This occurred against the backdrop of what they called proletarian imperialism, which turned out to be a kind of post-colonial imperialism. The second part analyses how the imperial nexus led others, such as Great Britain, to believe in the existence and strength of a global Axis. In this context, the anti-colonial tendencies put forth mostly by the Japanese turned out to be dangerous. The last part shows how and why the imperial Axis remained intact during the war. Considered from the standpoint of an imperial nexus, the familiar reading of the alliance as well as of the world war shifts. First, Japan and Italy play more important roles than often assumed, while the primacy of Germany is relativized. Second, the chronologies change in relation to the genesis of the Axis and thus the origins of the Second World War. These origins are more strongly associated with non-European world regions and ‘colonial peripheries’, particularly with China and Ethiopia. Third, the issue of ideological similarities and thus of fascism once again becomes a key focus. Fourth and finally, the Axis appears far more diverse and also stronger than previously understood.