bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JWST NIRSpec High-resolution Spectroscopy of MACS0647–JD at z = 10.167: Resolved [O ii] Doublet and Electron Density in an Early Galaxy
Authors: Abdurro’uf  , Larson Rebecca L. , Coe Dan , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Álvarez-Márquez Javier , Crespo Gómez Alejandro , Adamo Angela , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bik Arjan , Bradley Larry D. , Conselice Christopher J. , Dayal Pratika , Diego Jose M. , Fujimoto Seiji , Furtak Lukas J. , Hutchison Taylor A. , Jung Intae , Killi Meghana , Kokorev Vasily , Mingozzi Matilde , Norman Colin , Resseguier Tom , Ricotti Massimo , Rigby Jane R. , Vanzella Eros , Welch Brian , Windhorst Rogier A. , Xu Xinfeng , Zitrin Adi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present JWST/NIRSpec high-resolution G395H/F290LP spectroscopy of MACS0647−JD, a gravitationally lensed galaxy merger at z = 10.167. The new spectroscopy, which is acquired for the two lensed images (JD1 and JD2), detects and resolves emission lines in the rest-frame ultraviolet and blue optical, including the resolved [O ii] λ
λ3726, 3729 doublet, [Ne iii] λ3870, He i
λ3890, Hδ, Hγ, and [O iii] λ4363. This is the first observation of the resolved [O ii] λ
λ3726, 3729 doublet for a galaxy at z > 8. We measure a line flux ratio [O ii] λ3729/λ3726 = 0.9 ± 0.3, which corresponds to an estimated electron density of

log
(

n

e

/

cm

−
3

)
=
2.9
±
0.5

. This is significantly higher than the electron densities of local galaxies reported in the literature. We compile measurements from the literature and further analyze the redshift evolution of n

e
. We find that the redshift evolution follows the power-law form of n

e
= A × (1 + z)
p
with

A
=

54

−
23

+
31

cm−3 and

p
=

1.2

−
0.4

+
0.4

. This power-law form may be explained by a combination of metallicity and morphological evolution of galaxies, which become, on average, more metal poor and more compact with increasing redshift.
Examining the Nature of the Starless Dark Matter Halo Candidate Cloud-9 with Very Large Array Observations
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Alejandro , Dutta Rajeshwari , Fumagalli Michele , Navarro Julio F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Observations with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope recently detected H i 21 cm emission near M94, revealing an intriguing object, Cloud-9, without an optical counterpart. Subsequent analysis suggests that Cloud-9 is consistent with a gas-rich (M
H I ≈ 106
M
⊙), starless, dark matter (DM) halo of mass M
200 ≈ 5 × 109
M
⊙. Using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in D-array configuration, we present interferometric observations of Cloud-9, revealing it as a dynamically cold (W
50 ≈ 12 km s−1), nonrotating, and spatially asymmetric system, exhibiting gas compression on one side and a tail-like structure toward the other—features likely originating from ram pressure. Our observations suggest Cloud-9 is consistent with a starless ΛCDM DM halo if the gas is largely isothermal. If interpreted as a faint dwarf, Cloud-9 is similar to Leo T, a nearby gas-rich galaxy that would fall below current optical detection limits at Cloud-9's distance (d ≈ 5 Mpc). Further observations with the Hubble Space Telescope reaching magnitudes m

g
≈ 30 would help identify such a galaxy or dramatically lower the current limits on its stellar mass (M
gal ≲ 105
M
⊙). Cloud-9 thus stands as the firmest starless DM halo candidate to date or the faintest galaxy known at its distance.
Phase-resolved Spectroscopy of Low-frequency Quasiperiodic Oscillations from the Newly Discovered Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J1727.8-1613
Authors: Shui Qing-Cang , Zhang Shu , Peng Jing-Qiang , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Chen Yu-Peng , Ji Long , Kong Ling-Da , Feng Hua , Yu Zhuo-Li , Wang Peng-Ju , Chang Zhi , Yin Hong-Xing , Qu Jin-Lu , Tao Lian , Ge Ming-Yu , Zhang Liang , Li Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations (LFQPOs) are commonly observed in X-ray light curves of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs); however, their origin remains a topic of debate. In order to thoroughly investigate variations in spectral properties on the quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) timescale, we utilized the Hilbert–Huang transform technique to conduct phase-resolved spectroscopy across a broad energy band for LFQPOs in the newly discovered BHXRB Swift J1727.8–1613. This is achieved through quasi-simultaneous observations from Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, and Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope. Our analysis reveals that both the nonthermal and disk–blackbody components exhibit variations on the quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) timescale, with the former dominating the QPO variability. For the spectral parameters, we observe modulation of the disk temperature, spectral indices, and reflection fraction with the QPO phase with high statistical significance (≳5σ). Notably, the variation in the disk temperature is found to precede the variations in the nonthermal and disk fluxes by ∼0.4–0.5 QPO cycles. We suggest that these findings offer further evidence that the type-C QPO variability is a result of geometric effects of the accretion flow.
Dependence of Spicule Properties on the Magnetic Field—Results from Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations
Authors: Kesri Kartav , Dey Sahel , Chatterjee Piyali , Erdelyi Robertus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Solar spicules are plasma jets observed in the interface region between the visible solar surface and the corona. At any given time, there is a forest of spicules originating in the chromosphere of the Sun. While various models attempt to elucidate their origin and characteristics, here, we consider the one driven by the magnetoconvection undulations. The radiative magnetohydrodynamic (rMHD) equations are solved using Pencil Code with a spatial resolution of 16 km using various magnetic field strengths. The obtained rMHD simulation data are investigated to unveil the various trends in spicular properties as a function of the applied magnetic fields. The important outcome of this study is the finding of a consistent reduction in both the number density and the maximum height reached by spicules as magnetic field strength increases. We also use parabolic fitting on time–distance curves of spicules that are taller than the 75th percentile in the distribution, in order to find a relation between the deceleration of the spicule tip and the magnetic field strength. Our results offer insights into the response of solar spicules to magnetic field strength.
Identifying Light-curve Signals with a Deep-learning-based Object Detection Algorithm. II. A General Light-curve Classification Framework
Authors: Cui Kaiming , Armstrong D. J. , Feng Fabo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vast amounts of astronomical photometric data are generated from various projects, requiring significant effort to identify variable stars and other object classes. In light of this, a general, widely applicable classification framework would simplify the process of designing specific classifiers for various astronomical objects. We present a novel deep-learning framework for classifying light curves using a weakly supervised object detection model. Our framework identifies the optimal windows for both light curves and power spectra automatically, and zooms in on their corresponding data. This allows for automatic feature extraction from both time and frequency domains, enabling our model to handle data across different scales and sampling intervals. We train our model on data sets obtained from Kepler, TESS, and Zwicky Transient Facility multiband observations of variable stars and transients. We achieve an accuracy of 87% for combined variable and transient events, which is comparable to the performance of previous feature-based models. Our trained model can be utilized directly for other missions, such as the All-sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, without requiring any retraining or fine-tuning. To address known issues with miscalibrated predictive probabilities, we apply conformal prediction to generate robust predictive sets that guarantee true-label coverage with a given probability. Additionally, we incorporate various anomaly detection algorithms to empower our model with the ability to identify out-of-distribution objects. Our framework is implemented in the Deep-LC toolkit, which is an open-source Python package hosted on Github (https://github.com/ckm3/Deep-LC) and PyPI.
Identifying Mergers in the Legacy Surveys with Few-shot Learning
Authors: Wei Shoulin , Song Xiang , Zhang Zhijian , Liang Bo , Dai Wei , Lu Wei , Tao Junxi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Galaxy mergers exert a pivotal influence on the evolutionary trajectory of galaxies and the expansive development of cosmic structures. The primary challenge encountered in machine learning–based identification of merging galaxies arises from the scarcity of meticulously labeled data sets specifically dedicated to merging galaxies. In this paper, we propose a novel framework utilizing few-shot learning techniques to identify galaxy mergers in the Legacy Surveys. Few-shot learning enables effective classification of merging galaxies even when confronted with limited labeled training samples. We employ a deep convolutional neural network architecture trained on data sets sampled from Galaxy Zoo Decals to learn essential features and generalize to new instances. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, achieving high accuracy and precision in identifying galaxy mergers with few labeled training samples. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of various factors, such as the number of training samples and network architectures, on the performance of the few-shot learning model. The proposed methodology offers a promising avenue for automating the identification of galaxy mergers in large-scale surveys, facilitating the comprehensive study of galaxy evolution and structure formation. In pursuit of identifying galaxy mergers, our methodology is applied to analyze the Data Release 9 of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys. As a result, we have unveiled an extensive catalog encompassing 648,183 galaxy merger candidates. We publicly release the catalog alongside this paper.
Optical Variability of Gaia CRF3 Sources with Robust Statistics and the 5000 Most Variable Quasars
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using the light-curve time-series data for more than 11.7 million variable sources published in the Gaia Data Release 3, the average magnitudes, colors, and variability parameters have been computed for 0.836 million Gaia CRF objects, which are mostly quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). To mitigate the effects of occasional flukes in the data, robust statistical measures have been employed: namely, the median, median absolute deviation, and Spearman correlation. We find that the majority of the CRF sources have moderate amplitudes of variability in the Gaia G band just below 0.1 mag. The heavy-tailed distribution of variability amplitudes (quantified as robust standard deviations) does not find a single analytical form, but is closer to Maxwell distribution with a scale of 0.078 mag. The majority of CRF sources have positive correlations between G magnitude and G
BP−G
RP colors, meaning that these quasars and AGNs become bluer when they are brighter. The variations in the G
BP and G
RP bands are also mostly positively correlated. Dependencies of all variability parameters with cosmological redshift are fairly flat for the more accurate estimates above redshift 0.7, while the median color shows strong systematic variations with redshift. Using a robust normalized score of magnitude deviations, a sample of the 5000 most variable quasars is selected and published. The intersection of this sample with the ICRF3 catalog shows a much higher rate of strongly variable quasars (mostly blazars) in ICRF3.
Cyber catalogue and revision of the nematode genus Enchodelus (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)
Authors: Elshishka Milka , Mladenov Aleksandar , Altash Stela , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Peneva Vlada 
Published: September 2024

The genus Enchodelus is an intriguing free-living dorylaimid nematode taxon. Its representatives display a distinct distributional pattern as they are mainly spread in high altitudinal enclaves of the Northern Hemisphere, being often associated with mosses and cliff vegetation. Although their feeding habits have not been studied with experimental protocols, it is traditionally assumed that they are omnivorous.
The genus Enchodelus has not been recently revised; descriptions of many ‘old species’ (that have been described long ago and have not been reported since their original discovery) are of poor quality, hardly discoverable and do not conform to the nowadays taxonomical standards. Thus, a comprehensive compilation and analysis of their literature data is indispensable to provide new insights into the taxonomy of the genus and to elucidate its evolutionary relationships.
This contribution provides a cyber catalogue of all Enchodelus species, 28 in total. It compiles available information from the key European Research Infrastructures, such as TreatmentBank, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Literature Services (SIBiLS), the Catalogue of Life (CoL), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and Biodiversity Literature Repository (BLR). Data about their distribution (geographical records and habitats) are incorporated too and all brought together. It is completed with discussion and notes for some species, along with information on species distributions and microhabitats. Here, all available information on Enchodelus species is brought together. This will contribute to a more complete assessment of species diversity and distribution and support further biogeographical and ecological research.
Besides, type material Enchodelus vestibulifer Altherr, 1952, deposited in the Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale di Lugano (Switzerland), is re-examined and the species is considered as incertae sedis. Further, a new species of the genus found in Caucasus, Georgia is described after its morphological and molecular study; also morphological and molecular data for E. macrodorus (de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1939, the type species of the genus, collected from Spain are provided.
Au fond des poches
Authors: Fennetaux Ariane 
Published: September 2024

Poche Détachables pendant près de deux siècles, les poches féminines sont de forme oblongue, une fente verticale en constituant l’ouverture. Nouées sous les jupes autour de la taille, elles se présentent parfois en paire. Réticule Petit sac porté à la main, le réticule, parfois appelé « ridicule », fait son apparition dans la presse féminine vers 1800. Réalisé en textile, parfois en cuir, il est fait pour être montré.
Attributes of Pathological Fractures in a Nigerian myeloma cohort
Authors: Duru Augustine Nwakuche , Nonyelu Charles Emeka , Madu Anazoeze Jude , Okoye Helen Chioma , Ugwu Angela Ogechukwu , Anigbogu Ikechukwu Okwudili , Muoghalu Ebele Adaobi 
Published: September 2024

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell tumor usually characterized by lytic bone lesions. Pathological Fracture (PF) is a debilitating condition that usually affects a patient’s psychomotor functions, treatment modality, morbidity, and outcome.
We evaluated the associations, characteristics, and impact of PF on survival in a group of Nigerian myeloma cohort.
A 10-year (2011-2021) retrospective review of MM data from Nigerian tertiary hospital haemato-oncology unit to evaluate attributes of PFs in myeloma cohort.
Sixty-six patients had MM of which 23 had PF while forty-three had no fractures. Of the number with PF, 18 had lytic bone lesions, while 20 had bone pains. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G was predominant followed by Immunoglobulin A. Significant correlations existed between hemoglobin level (r=0.446, p=0.002); platelet count (r=-0.347, p=0.041), serum calcium (r=0.471, p=0.006) and bone pains; as well as between urea level (r=-0.787, p=001), creatinine level (r=-0.853, p=0.001) and renal impairment respectively. PFs are associated with diabetes, peptic ulcer disease, hypertension, nephropathy, and arthritis. Bortezomib-based regimen was the choice treatment. Overall survival was 16 (69.6%) with 7 (30.4%) mortality.
PF is common amongst the myeloma cohort with the spine being the most common site. It is associated with significant comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, peptic ulcer disease, and paraplegia and is characterized by severe debilitating bone pains, anemia, hypercalcemia, raised plasma monoclonal immunoglobulin, renal impairment, loss of man-hour at work, and psychosocial imbalance. The impact of the fracture has increased morbidity and mortality and has reduced the median survival duration to as low as 4 years.
Experiences of occupational nurses regarding non-adherent mineworkers with chronic illnesses
Authors: Manyeneng Lorato G. , Pilusa Mogale L. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Occupational nurses continue to provide service to mineworkers diagnosed with chronic illnesses, however, non-adherence to medication is prevalent, cause overcrowding, long queues and admission at hospitals as they become sick.Aim: This study aimed to describe the experience of occupational nurses (ONs) regarding non-adherence to medication among mineworkers diagnosed with chronic illnesses.Setting: The study was conducted at a selected mine in Gauteng province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design that is contextual in nature, was used with a phenomenological approach. Thirteen ONs were purposively sampled and individual face-to-face interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti 24 software was applied to analyse the data collected. The researcher and the independent coder held a consensus discussion and agreed on the themes and the sub-themes.Results: Two themes and various sub-themes emerged along with Care-related challenges linked to the mineworkers and challenges related to the provision of service to mineworkers. Data analysed indicated that the ONs had varying but often similar perspectives regarding non-adherence to medication among mineworkers diagnosed with chronic illnesses.Conclusion: Non-adherence to medication is prevalent among mineworkers diagnosed with chronic illnesses and improving the mineworkers’ outcomes requires addressing the issue of non-adherence to primary medication.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of adhering to prescribed medication among mineworkers diagnosed with chronic illnesses to ensure quality of life.
Clinical Comparison of Stain Removal Efficacy between Glycine Powder Air Polishing System and Ultrasonic Scaling in Removing Dental Plaque and Stains: A Split-mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohta Ruhi , Thorat Vinayak , Rao Prajakta , Sharma Udita , Joshi Shivangi , Shreya Somya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Glycine powder air polishing (GPAP) has emerged as a less invasive option for periodontal maintenance therapy. This study aims at comparing the efficacy of GPAP in removing plaque and stains as compared to conventional ultrasonic scaling (USS).

Materials and Methods:
The present split-mouth randomised clinical trial recruited 20 adults with healthy gingiva or mild gingivitis. Removal of plaque and stains was performed by USS in one maxillary quadrant and by GPAP in the other. Clinical parameters assessed included stain scores by Lobene Stain Index, plaque level by Silness-Loe plaque Index, and pain scores using the Visual Analog Scale. The assessments were performed before and after the treatment and at a 15-day follow-up visit.

Results:
Significantly lower (P < 0.05) levels of plaque and stains were achieved by both interventions as compared to those before the treatment. While immediate postoperative plaque levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower following USS, the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P > 0.05) 1 week after the treatment. On the contrary, the stain scores were significantly lower after treatment and at the 7th-day follow-up after GPAP as compared to USS. A significantly greater number of patients (P < 0.05) reported pain to be absent or only mild following GPAP, while those treated with USS experienced pain of severe intensity.

Conclusion:
Both GPAP and USS are effective in stain and plaque removal. However, GPAP achieved superior stain removal outcomes and was associated with significantly lower pain scores, suggesting it was more comfortable for patients compared to USS.
The intersection of ophthalmology and neurology: Diagnosing acute strokes through visual symptoms
Authors: Chacko Ruhel Kurudamannil , Krishna Devu , Kumar Karthik , Shah Virna M 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To document how acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) present first to an ophthalmologist.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational, unicentric hospital-based study. The electronic medical records of new patients who presented to the Neuro-ophthalmology department of a tertiary eye hospital in the month of August 2022 were reviewed. Those with symptoms suggestive of an acute stroke requiring urgent neuroimaging were chosen for further study.

Results:
Out of the 710 new patients, 31 had a known CVA and presented with field defects (4.3%). We recognized nine new patients, subsequently diagnosed to have a CVA, initially presenting with ocular symptoms such as homonymous hemianopia in seven cases and two others as transient obscuration of vision and internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Conclusion:
Posterior circulation strokes commonly present first to an ophthalmologist, the early recognition of which is of utmost importance.
A Technique for Retrieval of Screw for Missed Screw Head
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singla Ajay , Garg Niket Raj , Goyal Vachan , Bansal Pahul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Orthopaedic implants are medical devices used to replace or fix bones or to replace the articulating surfaces of joints. Once fracture healing is complete, these implants may no longer serve a functional purpose and can be removed. During implant removal surgeries, surgeons may encounter various challenges, such as stripped screw heads. While several methods for addressing this issue have been previously described, this study introduces a novel technique for retrieving stripped screw heads.

Methods:
Between May 2021 and September 2023, 21 patients underwent implant removal surgeries where stripped screw heads were encountered intraoperatively. The technique involved cutting the screw head with a metal-cutting drill bit, which proved to be effective in facilitating retrieval.

Results:
All the screws with stripped screw head could be extracted using our technique.

Conclusion:
Compared to traditional methods, this new approach requires less specialized skill and equipment and is more cost-effective.