bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic modifications in anorexia nervosa patients and remitters compared to healthy control women
Authors: Ramoz N. , Clarke J. , Gorwood P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is the most severe in terms of morbidity psychiatric illness with the highest mortality rate increased by 23 fold. Treatments are limited effectiveness. AN has a strong genetic component with heritability at 70% but despite ∼ 200 studies no major gene was identified. Epigenetics, such as DNA methylation, is another component of heritability that could explain the high heritability. Methylation is poorly studied in AN from small samples, and is focused on few candidate genes among publications. Under publication, a first genome-wide methylation study investigated 10 restrictive type AN patients, 19 binging/purging type of AN patients and 15 normal eaters using DNAs from whole blood (Booij, 2015). Of the 480K CpG sites that can be methylated of Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip Kit, authors focused on 24,000 sites located close to genes and they identified candidate genes with a different profile of methylation between AN and controls.ObjectivesOur work is to replicate the results of Booji and also to investigate the AN remitters.AimsOur goal is to identify epigenetic signatures of the AN disorder and the prognostic of remission.MethodsTwenty-four AN patients, 24 AN remitters will be compared to 48 healthy control women for methylation using the Infinium Human Methylation450.ResultsAs Booji et al., we will compare methylation for 24,000 sites located close to genes for 24 AN, 24 remitters and 48 controls.ConclusionsWe expected to replicate the published results of Booji and to identify genes with a methylation signature specific of the AN remission.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Community-based 4-level approach: Background, implementation and evidence for efficacy
Authors: Hegerl U. , Arensman E. , van Audenhove C. , Baader T. , Gusmão R. , Ibelshäuser A. , Merali Z. , Rummel-Kluge C. , Peréz Sola V. , Pycha R. , Värnik A. , Székely A. 
Published: May 2016

The community-based 4-level-intervention concept developed within the “European Alliance against Depression” (http://www.eaad.net/) combines two important aims: to improve the care and treatment of patients with depression and to prevent suicidal behavior. It has been shown to be effective concerning the prevention of suicidal behavior [1–4] and is worldwide the most broadly implemented community-based intervention targeting depression and suicidal behavior. The 4-level intervention concept comprises training and support of primary care providers (level 1), a professional public relation campaign (level 2), training of community facilitators (teacher, priests, geriatric caregivers, pharmacists, journalists) (level 3), and support for self-help of patients with depression and for their relatives (level 4). In order to deepen the understanding of factors influencing the effectiveness of the intervention, a systematic implementation research and process analysis was performed within the EU-funded study “Optimizing Suicide Prevention Programs and Their Implementation in Europe” (http://www.ospi-europe.com/; 7th Framework Programme) [5]. These analyses were based on data from four intervention and four control regions from four European countries. In addition to intervention effects on suicidal behaviour, a variety of intermediate outcomes (e.g. changes in attitude or knowledge in different populations) were considered. Strong synergistic as well as catalytic effects were identified as a result of being active simultaneously at four different levels. Predictable and unpredictable obstacles to a successful implementation of such community-based programs will be discussed. Via the EAAD, the intervention concept and materials (available in eight different languages) are offered to interested region in and outside of Europe.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Abnormal time experience, bizarre delusions and verbal-acoustic hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Stanghellini G. 
Published: May 2016

The integrity of time consciousness is the condition of possibility of the identity through time of an object of perception as well as of the person who perceives it. I will present our findings about abnormal time experience (ATE) in people with schizophrenia. These data may support the following hypothesis: if the continuity of temporal experience disintegrates (of which ATE are experiential manifestations), overarching meaningful units are no longer available, thereby creating temporal gaps, e.g., in one's stream of consciousness. In some cases, thoughts that are no longer experienced as embedded in one's stream of thoughts are experienced as, e.g., thought interferences, blockages, insertion or withdrawal. These symptoms cannot be explained as a mere disturbance of attention or comprehension at the level of semantic combinations. Rather, the disturbance could be searched for at a more basic level where the temporal coherence of conscious awareness is constituted. A failure of the constitutive temporal synthesis may create micro-gaps of conscious experience. In the most severe cases, thoughts or other mental phenomena that are no longer embedded in the continuity of basic self-experience may appear in consciousness as “erratic blocks” and experienced as being inserted, or, if further externalized, as auditory hallucinations (“voices”). This coheres with the hypothesis that a breakdown of temporality may be bound up with the breakdown of prereflexive self-awareness.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
New platform of data analytics for mental health
Authors: Suzuki K. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMental disorder is a key public health challenge and a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to its high level of disability and mortality. Therefore, a slight improvement on mental care provision and management could generate solid benefits on relieving the social burden of mental diseases.ObjectivesThis paper presents a long-term vision of strategic collaboration between Fujitsu Laboratories, Fujitsu Spain, and Hospital Clinico San Carlos to generate value through predictive and preventive medicine improving healthcare outcomes for every clinical area, benefiting managers, clinicians, and patients.AimsThe aim is to enable a data analytic approach towards a value-based healthcare system via health informatics. The project generates knowledge from heterogeneous data sources to obtain patterns assisting clinical decision-making.MethodsThis project leverages a data analytic platform named HIKARI (“light” in Japanese) to deliver the “right” information, to the “right” people, at the “right” time. HIKARI consists of a data-driven and evidence-based Decision Support and Recommendation System (DSRS), facilitating identification of patterns in large-scale hospital and open data sets and linking data from different sources and types.ResultsUsing multiple, heterogeneous data sets, HIKARI detects correlations from retrospective data and would facilitate early intervention when signs and symptoms prompt immediate actions. HIKARI also analyses resource consumption patterns and suggests better resource allocation, using real-world data.ConclusionsWith the advance of ICT, especially data-intensive computing paradigm, approaches mixing individual risk assessment and environmental conditions become increasingly available. As a key tool, HIKARI DSRS can assist clinicians in the daily management of mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Disintegration of sensorimotor brain networks in schizophrenia
Authors: Kaufmann T. , Skåtun K.C. , Alnæs D. , Brandt C.L. , Doan N.T. , Agartz I. , Melle I.S. , Andreassen O.A. , Westlye L.T. 
Published: May 2016

A large body of literature reported widespread structural and functional abnormalities throughout the brain in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Corresponding with the typical symptomatology in SZ where sensory dysfunctions contribute to the core social and cognitive impairment, converging evidence suggests a disturbed interplay between higher-order (cognitive) and lower-order (sensory) regions. This talk will discuss the results of several recent studies, investigating brain connectivity in SZ using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from large samples. Within-network sensorimotor as well as sensorimotor-thalamic aberrations in SZ robustly appear among the core findings across studies, both during performance of cognitive tasks and during rest. We utilized machine learning to distinguish SZ from healthy controls based on connectivity profiles. When classifying on sensorimotor connections alone, not only can we reach accuracies largely above chance but also, these accuracies are as good as when incorporating whole brain connectivity in the classification. Whereas the overall accuracy levels in distinguishing SZ from controls are not useful in a clinical context, these results underline the robustness of the sensorimotor findings on the individual subject level. Targeting the sensory and perceptual domains may thus be key for future research to get a better understanding of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations in severe mental disorders and to map clinical symptoms to imaging phenotypes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A life course perspective on familial and environmental risks for schizophrenia using a western Australian E-cohort
Authors: Morgan V. , Di Prinzio P. , Valuri G. , Croft M. , Shah S. , McNeil T. , Jablensky A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionFamilial risk for psychosis may interact with environmental risk factors.ObjectivesWe are studying a large birth cohort of children of mothers with psychotic disorders, themselves at high risk of developing a psychotic illness, to understand the developmental aetiology of psychotic illness.AimsOur aim is to examine whether exposure to environmental stressors in childhood, including timing of exposure, is a risk factor for psychotic illness, independent of familial liability. Specificity to maternal schizophrenia is explored.MethodsWe used record-linkage across state-wide registers (midwives, psychiatric, child protection and mortality, among others) to identify 15,486 offspring born in Western Australia 1980–2001 to mothers with a lifetime history of psychotic illness (case children) and compared them with 452,459 offspring born in the same period to mothers with no known psychiatric history (comparison children).ResultsA total of 4.1% of case children had developed a psychotic illness compared to 1.1% of comparison children. Exposure to environmental risk factors including obstetric complications, aboriginality, lower socioeconomic status, discontinuity in parenting and childhood abuse significantly increased risk of psychotic illness in offspring. Length and age at time of discontinuity in parenting impacted on risk. At the same time, case children were also significantly more likely than comparison children to be at risk of experiencing these adverse life events.ConclusionsExposure to environmental stressors is associated with psychotic illness, and timing of exposure is important. However, children already at increased familial risk for psychotic illness are also at increased risk of experiencing these environmental stressors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental health in context. Impact of economic policies on health services
Authors: Sartorius N. 
Published: May 2016

The impact of economic policies on mental health services – and with some differences also on general health services – will be exemplified by an analysis of the current trend of governments’ withdrawal from funding the mental health services it provided until now and the replacement of the government funded services by privately owned services. The analysis will be made on the background of the current worldwide tendency of commoditification, which posits that health care should be considered a commodity and judged using indicators, which have proven their value in commerce and handling of commodities. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the both tendencies – of commoditification and of increasing involvement of private capital in running health care services are likely to lead to a deterioration of care for people with mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Assessment of people with intellectual disability for the court: What does a psychiatrist need to know?
Authors: Latham R. 
Published: May 2016

This presentation will focus on the importance of psychiatrists understanding that they operate at an interface between two very different disciplines; medicine and law. There will be consideration of what and why psychiatrists need to understand the law, the way it operates and the likely implications of their opinions. There will be consideration of an example from England and Wales to illustrate the way in which psychiatry and law might interpret the same information. The aim is that psychiatrists will be better equipped to face the challenges the law presents.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Use of risk assessment tools for people with intellectual disability: The latest evidence
Authors: Morrissey C. 
Published: May 2016

A relatively high proportion of people detained in forensic psychiatric hospitals have intellectual disabilities (up to 3000 people in the UK; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2013), and people with intellectual disability are significantly over-represented among those psychiatric patients with long lengths of hospital stay (CQC, 2013; Vollm, 2015). People with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities are also prevalent in the UK prison system.Although the relationship between intelligence and offending is complex, lower intelligence is a known actuarial risk factor for offending behaviour. Studies, which have investigated the prediction of re-offending risk in populations with intellectual disability, have nevertheless found lower rates of recorded re-offending compared to those in mainstream forensic populations (e.g. Gray et al., 2010). The relatively high rate of ‘offending-like’ behaviour, which is not processed through the criminal justice system in people with intellectual disability makes risk prediction a more complex exercise with this group of people. It also makes outcomes measurement more difficult.This paper will give an overview of the current research evidence and clinical practice in the field of risk assessment, risk management and outcome measurement with offenders with intellectual disability. It will summarise the findings of a recent NIHR funded systematic review by the author, which pertains to this area, and will point to future developments in the field.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Physical comorbidity and consequences for mortality and treatment
Authors: Heun R. , Schoepf D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAgeing is related to an increase rate of physical comorbidity. However, the interaction between physical comorbidity and the development of depression in the elderly is not yet clear. Depression may be the cause or consequence of physical morbidity. Both may increase mortality.MethodsA total of 9604 patients with depression and a control sample of 96040 patients who attended a general hospital were followed-up for up to 12 years. Physical comorbidity and mortality was assessed.ResultsTwenty-nine physical disorders were more prevalent in subjects with depression, but the effect of individual disorders on mortality did not differ significantly in the depressed and control sample.ConclusionsPatients with depression suffer more physical health problems than control patients that lead to death. The implications for early treatment will be discussed, a preventative approach may be most relevant.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Distinction of dementia and depression in various stages of the disease processes
Authors: Maier W. 
Published: May 2016

Old age depression is often difficult to discriminate from dementia (particularly of Alzheimer type) – particularly cross-sectionally. Incident dementia is frequently associated with depressed mood and agitation; depression in the elderly goes together with executive and memory dysfunctions; associated psychotic symptoms and activity-of-daily-life dysfunctions are shared by both conditions as well as major risk factors as vascular and metabolic factors. Frequently both syndromes are “masking” each other; depression may furthermore present as the first clinical sign of Alzheimers disease.Yet, both clinical syndromes/disorders emerging from quite different are pathogenic neurobiological mechanisms with differentiating neuropsychological, – imaging and – chemical features. Clinical tools can be derived and enable accurate differential diagnosis. Thus, the distinction between both syndromes is a first instance for biomarker supported differential diagnoses in psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Clinical and neurobiological effects of aerobic endurance training in multi-episode schizophrenia patients
Authors: Falkai P. 
Published: May 2016

Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder characterised by positive, negative, affective and cognitive symptoms and can be viewed as a disorder of impaired neural plasticity. Aerobic exercise has a profound impact on the plasticity of the brain of both rodents and humans such as inducing the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells of the hippocampus in mice and rats. Aerobic exercise enhances LTP and leads to a better performance in hippocampus related memory tasks, eventually by increasing metabolic and synaptic plasticity related proteins in the hippocampus. In healthy humans, regular aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume and seems to diminish processes of ageing like brain atrophy and cognitive decline.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Gender-related differences in the associations between sexual impulsivity, psychiatric disorders and trauma
Authors: Erez G. , Pilver C. , Potenza M.N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSexual impulsivity (SI) has been associated with conditions that have substantial public health costs, such as sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. However, SI has not been examined systematically with respect to its relationships to psychopathology. The literature regarding associations between SI and history of different types of trauma also scarce.AimsWe aimed to deepen the understanding of the roots of SI, both through the prism of history of trauma and through the prism of psychopathology as an explanation for SI.ObjectivesWe intended to investigate associations between SI and psychopathology, and between SI and personal history of trauma of different types, including gender-related differences.MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis of Wave-2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a national sample of 34,653 adults in the United States. DSM-IV based diagnoses of mood; anxiety, drug and personality disorders were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Scheduled DSM-IV Version.ResultsFor both women and men, SI was positively associated with most Axis-I and Axis-II psychiatric disorders. Significant gender-related differences (GRD) were observed. Among women as compared to men, SI was more strongly associated with social phobia, alcohol abuse/dependence and most personality disorders. As for trauma, SI was positively associated with any trauma for both women and men. Among women as compared to men, SI was more strongly associated with sexual assault and kidnapping.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychopathology of the self and the altered cortical midline structures in psychiatric disorders – a marriage?
Authors: Northoff G. 
Published: May 2016

The self is central in our mental life and disturbances of the self-figure most prominently in psychopathological symptoms. The cortical midline structures (CMS) have been associated with self-related processing and its changes in schizophrenia, depression and other psychiatric disorders. However, the exact neuronal mechanisms underlying self-related processing in CMS and its changes in psychiatric disorders remain unclear. Especially the neural overlap between high resting state activity levels and self-related processing in CMS is rather puzzling. I present recent data on the rest-self overlap in healthy subjects showing that resting state activity in CMS can predict self-relatedness. The implications for psychological symptoms as in depression and schizophrenia are pointed out.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Information and communication technologies for the follow-up of patients
Authors: Baca-Garcia E. 
Published: May 2016

Clinical assessment in psychiatry is mostly based on brief, regularly scheduled face-to-face appointments. Although crucial, this approach reduces assessment to cross-sectional observations that often miss critical information about course of disease and risk assessment. Clinicians in-turn make all medical decisions based on this inevitably limited information. We discuss recent technological developments in terms of assessment and information triangulation, analysis of longitudinal data, approaches to enhance medical decision-making and improve communication between patients, caregivers and clinicians.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Emotional instability and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Asherson P. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundADHD is defined in DSM-5 by developmentally inappropriate and impairing levels of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. However, emotional dysregulation is considered to be an associated feature of the disorder that supports the diagnosis of ADHD. The common co-occurrence of emotional liability (EL) in ADHD raises the question of whether EL should be viewed as a component of ADHD or reflecting a comorbid condition.AimsTo address the question of whether EL should be viewed as a third dimension of ADHD.MethodWe investigated the association of EL with ADHD and impairment scores, in a sample of adults with ADHD that had been carefully selected for absence of comorbid conditions that could give rise to EL using both rating scale and experience sampling methods to measure emotional instability. We reviewed the effects of stimulants and atomoxetine on EL and the covariation of EL with ADHD inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. We further considered the phenotypic and genetic association of EL with ADHD using population twin data.ResultsFrom these studies, we found that EL is strongly associated with ADHD even in non-comorbid cases and gives rise to additional impairments after ADHD symptoms are controlled for in the analysis. Stimulants and atomoxetine both improve EL and these improvements are correlated with changes in ADHD symptoms, indicating a shared treatment response. Genetic model fitting suggests a common pathway model, consistent with a single genetic liability for inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and EL.ConclusionsTaken together these findings suggest that EL can be viewed as a third dimension of ADHD. Patients presenting with chronic emotional instability should always be screened for ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.