bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective deletion of Smad4 in postnatal germ cells does not affect spermatogenesis or fertility in mice
Authors: Hao Xiao‐Xia , Chen Su‐Ren , Tang Ji‐Xin , Li Jian , Cheng Jin‐Mei , Jin Cheng , Wang Xiu‐Xia , Liu Yi‐Xun 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYSMAD4 is the central component of canonical signaling in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Loss of Smad4 in Sertoli cells affects the expansion of the fetal testis cords, whereas selective deletion of Smad4 in Leydig cells alone does not appreciably alter fetal or adult testis development. Loss of Smad4 in Sertoli and Leydig cells, on the other hand, leads to testicular dysgenesis, and tumor formation in mice. Within the murine testes, Smad4 is also expressed in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules. We therefore, crossed Ngn3‐Cre or Stra8‐Cre transgenic mice with Smad4‐flox mice to generate conditional knockout animals in which Smad4 was specifically deleted in postnatal germ cells to further uncover cell type‐specific requirement of Smad4. Unexpectedly, these germ‐cell‐knockout mice were fertile and did not exhibit any detectable abnormalities in spermatogenesis, indicating that Smad4 is not required for the production of sperm; instead, these data indicate a cell type‐specific requirement of Smad4 primarily during testis development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 615–623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A three dimensional nerve map of human bladder trigone
Authors: Purves J Todd , Spruill Laura , Rovner Eric , Borisko Elyse , McCants Alden , Mugo Elizabeth , Wingard Ainsley , Trusk Thomas C. , Bacro Thierry , Hughes Francis M. 
Published: June 2016

AimCentral efferent and afferent neural pathways to and from the human urinary bladder are well‐characterized, but the location and arborization of these nerves as they traverse the serosa, muscularis, and urothelial layers are not clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to create a three dimensional map of the innervation of the human bladder trigone from the extrinsic perivesical adventitial nerve trunks to the urothelium.MethodsA male and a female human bladder were harvested from fresh frozen cadavers and fixed in formalin. The bladder neck and trigone region were serially sectioned (5 μm) and every 20th slide was stained (S100), scanned and aligned to create 3D maps.ResultsNerve penetration into the detrusor muscle occurs with the highest frequency at the bladder neck and interureteric ridge. Nerves traveling parallel to the bladder lumen do so in the adventitia, beyond the outer border of detrusor. In females, the depth of these nerve bands is uniform at 0.7–1.7 cm below the luminal surface, the outer limits of which include the anterior vaginal wall. In the male, depth is more variable owing to detrusor hypertrophy with the minimum depth of nerves approximately 0.5 cm near the interureteric ridge and over 1 cm near the bladder neck.ConclusionsMyelinated neural pathways traversing in the human bladder in the region of the trigone have a discreet regional density. This 3D map of trigonal innervation may provide guidance to more precisely direct therapies for urinary incontinence or pelvic pain. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1015–1019, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination Behavior of Chelidamic Acid With VV, NiII, FeIII, and CaII: Syntheses, X‐ray Characterization and DFT Studies
Authors: Mahjoobizadeh Milad , Mirzaei Masoud , Bauzá Antonio , Lippolis Vito , Aragoni M. Carla , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Ghanbari Manoochehr , Frontera Antonio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFour new complexes of chelidamic acid (H3cda) in the presence of 2‐aminopyrimidine (apym) or 2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (tata) as external ligands, namely (apymH)[VO2(Hcda)]⋅H2O (1), [Ni(Hcda)(apym)(H2O)2]⋅H2O (2), (apymH)[Fe(Hcda)2] (3), and (tataH)2(tata)2[Ca2(cda)2(H2O)6]⋅H2O (4) were synthesized. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1‐4 revealed the formation of 3D frameworks generally involving weak interactions (mainly H‐bonds) between metal complexes of chelidamic acid, protonated or deprotonated external ligands apym or tata and co‐crystallized water molecules. Some complexes present remarkable assemblies in the solid state governed by unconventional noncovalent interactions that have been analyzed by means of DFT calculations. Solution studies were also performed to fully characterize the new compounds.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridin‐2(3H)‐ones via Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Condensation of β‐Ketobutylanilides
Authors: Liu Weibing , Chen Cui , Tan Liquan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed intermolecular condensation of β‐ketobutylanilides to synthesize multi‐substituted pyri‐din‐2(3H)‐ones was described. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis of these compounds. All the tested substrates with various functional groups irrespective of their nature, whether electron‐donating or –withdrawing, and the location of the substituents on the aromatic rings, were all tolerated under the standard conditions and smoothly transformed into the desired products with 71 %‐86 % yields. This strategy provides an efficient approach to valuable pyridin‐2(3H)‐ones via a sequential dehydration processes which may find applications in natural products and medicinal chemistry.
Maltol‐Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Clements Thomas W. , Sarsons Christopher , Platnich Casey M. , Banerjee Abhinandan , Blasiak Barbara , Tomanek Boguslaw , Rinker Kristina D. , Trudel Simon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present the use of maltol (3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one) as a capping ligand for iron oxide nanomaterials. Water‐soluble maltol‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a reductive one‐pot synthesis. The nanoparticles were found to be stable in water, and their superparamagnetic properties enabled their application as ultrahigh field T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. High r2 relaxivity and r2/r1 ratios were determined at clinical (B0 = 3 T) and ultrahigh (B0 = 9.4 T) fields, making them on par or superior to current iron‐oxide based commercial MRI contrast agents. A low cytotoxic response in three distinct cell types (HUVEC, KB, U343) indicate maltol‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles are promising T2 MRI contrast agents.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Thiols in Water
Authors: He Yongqin , Liu Shengkang , Wen Ping , Tian Wanfa , Ren Xiaoyu , Zhou Qiangxiao , Ma Haojie , Huang Guosheng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA novel protocol of Iodine catalyzed oxidative 3‐sulfenylation of indoles with thiols has been developed using cheap and environment friendly Hydrogen peroxide (30 % H2O2) as oxidant. In addition, H2O was firstly used as solvent in this type of reaction, in this method, indoles react with multiple thiols smoothly and various 3‐sulfanylindoles were obtained in good to excellent yields.. The extensive scope of substrates, the mild reaction conditions, and the high selection of reaction site delivery promising applications in drug discovery and functional materials. Especially, Indole‐1‐carboxamides were also compatible with this transformation, and the predictable products were obtained in good yields.
Bioactive Constituents from Radermachera boniana.
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Xie Wen‐Jian , Guan Yi‐Fu , Song Xun , Hung Nguyen Van , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Santarsiero Bernard D. , Fong Harry H.S. , Soejarto D. Doel , Zhang Hong‐Jie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe bioassay‐directed fractionation of the roots of Radermachera boniana Dop. (Bignoniaceae) led to the isolation of 17 naphthalene‐based quinones and related derivatives including the new radermacherones A (1), B (2) and C (6), radermaquinone (3), and radermacherol (5). The absolute configuration of 2 was determined through X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The isolates 3, hydroxy‐β‐isonaphthoquinone (4), 6, α‐naphthoquinone (8), β‐naphthoquinone (9), 3‐hydroxy‐β‐naphthoquinone (10), 4‐oxo‐β‐naphthoquinone (11), 2‐acetyl‐naphtha[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐dione (BBI608) (12), 2‐acetyl‐7‐methoxy‐naphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐dione(13), stenocarpoquin‐one B (14), dehydro‐α‐isonaphthoquinone (15) and 3‐hydroxydehydro‐α‐isonaphthoquinone (16) showed cytotoxic activity in a cancer cell line panel comprising KB, Col‐2, Lu‐1 and MCF‐7 with IC50 values ranging from 0.15‐38.6 µM. Compounds 12 (known as BBI608) and its methoxy derivative, 13 with extended conjugation showed the highest cytotoxicity among the tested compounds with IC50 values ranging from 0.12‐3.33 µM, but 13 showed much different cancer cell killing selectivity than 12.
Preparation of Cerium‐Doped Mesoporous γ‐Alumina Supported Nickel Catalysts for Pre–reforming of Liquefied Petroleum Gas under Low Steam to Carbon Ratio
Authors: Tan Mingwu , Wang Xueguang , Huang Haigen , Chen Chenju , Zou Xiujing , Ding Weizhong , Lu Xionggang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCerium‐doped mesoporous γ‐alumina supported nickel oxides (NiO/Ce–γ‐MA) were prepared via one‐pot hydrolysis of inorganic salts without surfactants and applied for pre‐reforming of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) under a low steam to carbon molar ratio of 1.2. Influences of Ce contents on catalyst structure, interaction between Ni species and support, dispersion of nickel species and Ni particle sizes were investigated in detail. The NiO/Ce–γ‐MA materials possessed large surface areas and narrow pore size distributions with homogenously‐dispersed Ni oxide species in the matrices. Upon H2 reduction, uniform Ni crystallites were formed in the γ‐alumina frameworks. The addition of Ce could significantly promote the dispersion of nickel species and lower Ni crystallite sizes, improving the catalytic properties of the reduced Ni/Ce–γ‐MA catalyst. The Ni/Ce–γ‐MA catalyst containing 7 wt% Ce produced the smallest sub‐4‐nm Ni particles, resulting in the most excellent catalytic activity and stability with less than 1 wt% carbon deposition during the 100‐h reaction time for LPG pre‐reforming.
Ni‐Catalyzed Amination Reactions: An Overview
Authors: Marín Mario , Rama Raquel J. , Nicasio M. Carmen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐containing organic compounds are valuable in many fields of science and industry. The most reliable method for the construction of C(sp2)–N bonds is undoubtedly palladium‐catalyzed amination. In spite of the great achievements made in this area, the use of expensive Pd‐based catalysts constitutes an important limitation for large‐scale applications. Since nickel is the least expensive and most abundant among the group 10 metals, the interest in Ni‐based catalysts for processes typically catalyzed by palladium has grown considerably over the last few years. Herein, we revise the development of Ni‐catalyzed amination reactions, emphasizing the most relevant and recent advances in the field.
Are They Really “Two Different Species”? Implicitly Elicited Student Perceptions About NESTs and NNESTs
Authors: Aslan Erhan , Thompson Amy S. 
Published: June 2016

The native/nonnative‐English‐speaking teacher (NEST/NNEST) dichotomy has received much attention in the English language teaching profession. Although research shows that NESTs and NNESTs have different perceived strengths regarding English proficiency, personal characteristics, teaching behavior, and approaches to teaching English, more research is needed to discover learners' situated perceptions about teachers of English as a second language (ESL) in the classroom. A population of ESL students (N = 76) studying in a university‐level English language program completed a semantic differential assessment scale that consisted of adjective pairs (e.g., approachable vs. unapproachable). Without being prompted by the NEST and NNEST labels, the students who were taught by either an NEST or an NNEST implicitly described their teachers' attitudes toward students, teaching style and practice in the classroom, and personality. Independent t‐tests conducted on the scores for adjective pairs revealed that the NEST/NNEST status did not cause significant differences in students' perceptions, suggesting that NESTs and NNESTs are perceived as equals in the eyes of the students. The study has implications for language teachers and program administrators and promotes teacher empowerment and collaboration.
Clustered linear precoding for downlink network MIMO systems with partial CSI
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Mehdi , Bahrami Hamid Reza , Tran Nghi H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose two novel clustered linear precoding schemes applicable to network multi‐input multi‐output systems using only partial channel state information to enhance the sum‐rate of the system. Using a channel model that decomposes a multi‐input multi‐output channel matrix into transmit and receive steering vectors and assuming that only transmit steering vectors are available at the base transmit stations, we, first, propose a regularized channel inversion precoding scheme to enhance the sum‐rate assuming only single‐antenna users are available in the system. Next, because of the limitation of regularized channel inversion to handle users with multiple receive antennas, a novel block diagonalization method is proposed. We construct the precoding matrices that jointly eliminate inter‐cell interference and maximize the sum‐rate for a given input covariance matrix. Assuming total power constraint and per‐base‐station power constraints, optimal power allocation schemes are further developed to optimize the sum‐rate. We analytically show that the sum‐rate increases linearly with the number of users when only single‐antenna users are present in the system. Numerical results show that at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, the block diagonalization precoding outperforms the regularized channel inversion in terms of the bit error rate; while at high signal‐to‐noise ratios, the regularized channel inversion provides a better performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Unusual (6, 14)‐Connected Metal‐Organic Framework Constructed from Two Distinct Cobalt(II) Cluster Units and a Bifunctional Organic Linker
Authors: Chen Di‐Ming , Tian Jia‐Yue , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA (6, 14)‐connected metal‐organic framework (MOF), namely [Co9(μ3‐OH)2(CPT)10(HCOO)6]n (1) [HCPT = 4‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1, 2,4‐triazole], was synthesized using custom‐designed bifunctional triazolate‐carboxylate organic linkers and CoII salts. The framework exhibits two types of highly connected Co3 and Co6 cluster moieties with distinct arrangement, which were generated in situ. The combination of these building units results in an unusual (6, 14)‐connected structure, which has been rarely observed in MOF chemistry. This MOF was characterized by single X‐ray diffraction, PXRD, and TGA. Furthermore, its magnetic properties were investigated.
An Unusual 3D Zinc‐Organic Framework Constructed from Paddle‐Wheel‐Based Carboxylate Sheets Bridged by Acetate Ions
Authors: Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Barthélémy Marie‐Claire , Laurent Christophe , Fabing Isabelle , Hoffmann Pascal , Vigroux Alain 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA zinc‐2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate metal‐organic framework, (H2NEt2)[Zn2(AcO)(NDC)2]·nDEF (1) (DEF = N,N‐diethylformamide, AcO = acetate), was solvothermally synthesized in the presence of small amounts of acetic acid and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 is an anionic 3D paddle‐wheel MOF, in which the zinc‐naphthalenedicarboxylate sheets are linked together by bridging acetate ions. Compound 1 exhibits large square channels (13 × 13 Å), which contain DEF molecules and, alternatively, charge‐balancing diethylammonium cations in situ generated by the hydrolysis of DEF under the solvothermal conditions used. The anionic host framework of 1 is unstable upon removal of guest DEF molecules suggesting that host‐guest hydrogen bond interactions are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of this compound.
Metabolite amyloids: a new paradigm for inborn error of metabolism disorders
Authors: Gazit Ehud 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe formation of ordered amyloid assemblies is associated with major human degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes. Amyloid fibrils are elongated nanoscale structures that bind to specific dyes (including thioflavin T and Congo red). Amyloid fibrillar assemblies or their early intermediates are known to induce apoptotic cytotoxic effect. Until recently, amyloid fiber formation was observed only with proteins and peptides. We reported in 2012 that a single amino acid, phenylalanine, could also form typical amyloid fibrils with the same morphology, dye‐binding specificity, and electron diffraction pattern as protein amyloids. X‐ray crystallography demonstrated the formation of supramolecular β‐sheet‐like organization by phenylalanine at its zwitterionic form. Metabolite amyloids had pronounced cytotoxicity that could be depleted by treatment with antibodies raised against the phenylalanine structures. We suggested that the observed amyloid formation could explain some of the symptoms observed in phenylketonuria (PKU) upon the accumulation of phenylalanine. Follow‐up studies by other groups revealed the ability of phenylalanine amyloids to bind to membranes, as observed with protein amyloids. Furthermore, the doxycycline amyloid formation inhibitor was shown to also affect the formation of phenylalanine amyloids. In 2015, it was reported that other metabolites involved in metabolic disorders, including adenine, uracil, tyrosine, and orotic acid, could form amyloid‐like assemblies. It was further demonstrated that the assemblies induce apoptotic cell death. Taken together, we suggest a new hypothesis to understand the etiology of degenerative processes observed in inborn error of metabolism disorders and indicate new avenues for treatment.
Tyrosinemia type I and not treatment with NTBC causes slower learning and altered behavior in mice
Authors: Hillgartner Megan A. , Coker Sarah B. , Koenig Ashton E. , Moore Marissa E. , Barnby Elizabeth , MacGregor Gordon G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTyrosinemia type I is a recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene, coding for the final enzyme in the metabolism of tyrosine. This renders FAH nonfunctional and without treatment, toxic metabolites accumulate causing liver and kidney damage. Introduction of the drug NTBC in 2002 offered a treatment which inhibits an upstream enzyme, preventing the production of the toxic metabolites. There is now a long‐term survival rate of greater than 90 % in children, but there are reports of lower cognitive function and IQ as well as schooling and behavioral problems in these children. We studied a mouse model of tyrosinemia type I to gain insight into the effects of tyrosinemia type I and treatment with NTBC on mouse learning, memory, and behavior. In the Barnes maze, visual and spatial cues can be used by mice to remember the location of a dark escape box. The primary time, distance, and strategy taken by the mice to locate the escape box is a measure of learning and memory. Our findings show that mice with tyrosinemia type I were slower to learn than wild‐type mice treated with NTBC and made more mistakes, but were capable of learning and storing long‐term memory. After learning the location of the target hole, mice with tyrosinemia type I respond differently to a change in location and were less flexible in learning the new target hole location. Our findings suggest that this slower learning and cognitive difference is caused by tyrosinemia type I and not by the treatment with NTBC.
Adherence to Recommended Risk Management among Unaffected Women with a BRCA Mutation
Authors: Buchanan Adam H. , Voils Corrine I. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Fine Catherine , Horick Nora K. , Marcom P. Kelly , Wiggins Kristi , Skinner Celette Sugg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIdentifying unaffected women with a BRCA mutation can have a significant individual and population health impact on morbidity and mortality if these women adhere to guidelines for managing cancer risk. But, little is known about whether such women are adherent to current guidelines. We conducted telephone surveys of 97 unaffected BRCA mutation carriers who had genetic counseling at least one year prior to the survey to assess adherence to current guidelines, factors associated with adherence, and common reasons for performing and not performing recommended risk management. More than half of participants reported being adherent with current risk management recommendations for breast cancer (69 %, n = 67), ovarian cancer (82 %, n = 74) and both cancers (66 %, n = 64). Older age (OR = 10.53, p = 0.001), white race (OR = 8.93, p = 0.019), higher breast cancer genetics knowledge (OR = 1.67, p = 0.030), higher cancer‐specific distress (OR = 1.07, p = 0.002) and higher physical functioning (OR = 1.09, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with adherence to recommended risk management for both cancers. Responses to open‐ended questions about reasons for performing and not performing risk management behaviors indicated that participants recognized the clinical utility of these behaviors. Younger individuals and those with lower physical functioning may require targeted interventions to improve adherence, perhaps in the setting of long‐term follow‐up at a multi‐disciplinary hereditary cancer clinic.
Repayment behavior in peer‐to‐peer microfinancing: Empirical evidence from Kiva
Authors: Dorfleitner Gregor , Oswald Eva‐Maria 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBased on a sample of microloans (to individuals and to groups) that were refinanced through the peer‐to‐peer microfinancing platform Kiva, we study the determinants of the repayment behavior of micro‐entrepreneurs whose loans are available to international charitable lenders. We perform binary regressions and account for influential factors such as the time required for funding or the type of entrepreneurial activity. The screening and monitoring quality of the microfinance institution which selects the borrowers is a main driver of credit default. We find evidence that the loan size, the loan term and the length of a possible grace period influence the probability of default. Moreover, women demonstrate better repayment behavior which is, however, not the case for groups of women.
THE KATZ–KLEMM–VAFA CONJECTURE FOR SURFACES
Authors: PANDHARIPANDE R. , THOMAS R. P. 
Published: June 2016

We prove the KKV conjecture expressing Gromov–Witten invariants of $K3$ surfaces in terms of modular forms. Our results apply in every genus and for every curve class. The proof uses the Gromov–Witten/Pairs correspondence for $K3$-fibered hypersurfaces of dimension 3 to reduce the KKV conjecture to statements about stable pairs on (thickenings of) $K3$ surfaces. Using degeneration arguments and new multiple cover results for stable pairs, we reduce the KKV conjecture further to the known primitive cases. Our results yield a new proof of the full Yau–Zaslow formula, establish new Gromov–Witten multiple cover formulas, and express the fiberwise Gromov–Witten partition functions of $K3$-fibered 3-folds in terms of explicit modular forms.