bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of internal gravity wave anisotropy with neutral wind characteristics in the upper atmosphere
Authors: Medvedev А. V. , Ratovsky K. G. , Tolstikov M. V. , Oinats A. V. , Alsatkin S. S. , Zherebtsov G. A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the interaction of internal gravity waves (IGW) with neutral wind using the statistics of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) from the Radio Physical Complex of the Institute of Solar‐Terrestrial Physics. The complex includes the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (IISR), Irkutsk Ionosonde (DPS‐4), and Ekaterinburg HF Radar (EKB). The aim of this study is to give a common explanation for the TID azimuth distributions obtained with the IISR‐ionosonde and HF coherent radar and show that the measurements of 3‐D TID characteristics put into the hands of researchers an important tool to study neutral wind in the thermosphere. The distinctive features of this study are the following: (1) using different TID statistics from independent tools and, correspondingly, independent methods for determining TID characteristics; (2) using the 3‐D TID characteristics for testing the wind‐filtering hypothesis, which allows us to separate the IGW‐induced TIDs from TIDs of other nature and identify three TID types depending on their elevation angles; and (3) using the local time‐azimuth distribution of the TID number for testing the wind‐filtering hypothesis. This study allowed us to conclude that the observed IGW azimuth anisotropy can be mainly explained by the wind filtration mechanism with considering winds at 90–250 km heights. Using the 3‐D IGW characteristics allows us to estimate neutral wind parameters. Proposed methods are applicable for any tool which can obtain TID 3‐D characteristics. Using the proposed methods will enable us to organize a worldwide campaign to improve the existing neutral wind models.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of β‐(Hetero)arylethenesulfonyl Fluorides via a Pd(OAc)2 Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Process with DDQ or AgNO3 as an Oxidant
Authors: Zha Gao‐Feng , Bare Grant A. L. , Leng Jing , Shang Zhen‐Peng , Luo Zhixiong , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA practical oxidative Heck reaction between organoboronic acids and ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) is developed. Aryl‐ and heteroaryl‐boronic acids react efficiently and stereoselectively with ESF in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) or AgNO3 in AcOH to afford the corresponding E‐isomer of β‐arylethenesulfonyl fluoride products. The utility of this reaction is exemplified by an expanded scope of 47 examples including N‐, O‐, and S‐containing heteroaromatics, demonstrating chemoselectivity over aryliodides, and gram‐scale operation without the requirement for strict anhydrous or oxygen‐free conditions. Furthermore, this procedure discriminates against the formation of arylboronic acids homo‐coupling byproducts. In addition, the preparation of the first aryl vinylsulfonate polymer, a material with functionalizable Michael acceptor sites, from a starting arylboronic acid is described.magnified image
Toward Highly Efficient Nanostructured Solar Cells Using Concurrent Electrical and Optical Design
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Ping , He Jr‐Hau 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent technological advances in conventional planar and microstructured solar cell architectures have significantly boosted the efficiencies of these devices near the corresponding theoretical values. Nanomaterials and nanostructures have promising potential to push the theoretical limits of solar cell efficiency even higher using the intrinsic advantages associated with these materials, including efficient photon management, rapid charge transfer, and short charge collection distances. However, at present the efficiency of nanostructured solar cells remains lower than that of conventional solar devices due to the accompanying losses associated with the employment of nanomaterials. The concurrent design of both optical and electrical components will presumably be an imperative route toward breaking the present‐day limit of nanostructured solar cells. This review summarizes the losses in traditional solar cells, and then discusses recent advances in applications of nanotechnology to solar devices from both optical and electrical perspectives. Finally, a rule for nanostructured solar cells by concurrently engineering the optical and electrical design is devised. Following these guidelines should allow for exceeding the theoretical limit of solar cell efficiency soon.
Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,1‐Diarylethylene Scaffolds
Authors: Naret Timothée , Provot Olivier , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1,1‐Diarylethylene derivatives have received great interest from chemists for their applications in polymerization chemistry and medicinal chemistry. This Focus Review presents a non‐exhaustive overview of the metal‐catalyzed processes for the synthesis of 1,1‐diarylethylene compounds.
Brain microvascular injury and white matter disease provoked by diabetes‐associated hyperamylinemia
Authors: Ly Han , Verma Nirmal , Wu Fengen , Liu Miao , Saatman Kathryn E. , Nelson Peter T. , Slevin John T. , Goldstein Larry B. , Biessels Geert Jan , Despa Florin 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe brain blood vessels of patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia have deposition of amylin, an amyloidogenic hormone cosecreted with insulin. It is not known whether vascular amylin deposition is a consequence or a trigger of vascular injury. We tested the hypothesis that the vascular amylin deposits cause endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury and are modulated by amylin transport in the brain via plasma apolipoproteins.MethodsRats overexpressing amyloidogenic (human) amylin in the pancreas (HIP rats) and amylin knockout (AKO) rats intravenously infused with aggregated amylin were used for in vivo phenotyping. We also carried out biochemical analyses of human brain tissues and studied the effects of the aggregated amylin on endothelial cells ex vivo.ResultsAmylin deposition in brain blood vessels is associated with vessel wall disruption and abnormal surrounding neuropil in patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia, in HIP rats, and in AKO rats infused with aggregated amylin. HIP rats have brain microhemorrhages, white matter injury, and neurologic deficits. Vascular amylin deposition provokes loss of endothelial cell coverage and tight junctions. Intravenous infusion in AKO rats of human amylin, or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein E4, showed that amylin binds to plasma apolipoproteins. The intravenous infusion of apolipoprotein E4 exacerbated the brain accumulation of aggregated amylin and vascular pathology in HIP rats.InterpretationThese data identify vascular amylin deposition as a trigger of brain endothelial dysfunction that is modulated by plasma apolipoproteins and represents a potential therapeutic target in diabetes‐associated dementia and stroke. Ann Neurol 2017;82:208–222
Thinking about the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Can a China‐Led Development Bank Improve Sustainability in Asia?
Authors: Hanlon Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article offers three arguments outlining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's significance and to help policy planners navigate the complex relationship between China, the Bank and themes of sustainability. First, there is little uncertainty that China is serious about development and sustainability. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is but one extension of China's increasing commitment to sustainability and should therefore be embraced by development stakeholders. Second, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's commitment to infrastructure development complements other multilateral development banks and should not be considered a challenger to the existing order of development lending practices. Rather, China's interest in establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank points to competitive pluralism and poses no threat to the existing international order. Finally, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's sustainability guidelines are not unique and fall in line with similar policy of other large development banks. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank therefore reinforces sustainability norms while posturing itself as a partner for development.
Linking Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With Anorectal Hemorrhoids: A Clinical and Anatomical Review
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A. , Hoehmann Christopher L. , Hitscherich Kyle , Zakhary Sherry M. , Leheste Joerg R. , Torres German 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPatients who harbor brain arteriovenous malformations are at risk for intracranial hemorrhage. These malformations are often seen in inherited vascular diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, malformations within the brain also sporadically occur without a hereditary‐coding component. Here, we review recent insights into the pathophysiology of arteriovenous malformations, in particular, certain signaling pathways that might underlie endothelial cell pathology. To better interpret the origins, determinants and consequences of brain arteriovenous malformations, we present a clinical case to illustrate the phenotypic landscape of the disease. We also propose that brain arteriovenous malformations might share certain signaling dimensions with those of anorectal hemorrhoids. This working hypothesis provides casual anchors from which to understand vascular diseases characterized by arteriovenous lesions with a hemorrhagic‐ or bleeding‐risk component. Anat Rec, 2017. © The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists. Anat Rec, 300:1973–1980, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Molecular Design of Thermally Activated Delayed‐Fluorescent Emitters Using 2,2′‐Bipyrimidine as the Acceptor in Donor–Acceptor Structures
Authors: Park Hee‐Jun , Han Si Hyun , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDonor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)‐type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters 5,5′‐bis{4‐[9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl]phenyl}‐2,2′‐bipyrimidine (Ac‐bpm) and 5,5′‐bis[4‐(10H‐phenoxazin‐10‐yl)phenyl]‐2,2′‐bipyrimidine (Px‐bpm), based on the 2,2′‐bipyrimidine accepting unit, were developed and their TADF devices were fabricated. The orthogonal geometry between the donor unit and the 2,2′‐bipyrimidine accepting core facilitated a HOMO/LUMO spatial separation, thus realizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The exhibited electroluminescence ranged from green to yellow, depending on the donor unit, with maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 17.1 %.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics of o‐Carborane‐Functionalized Tetraphenylethylene Luminogens: The Influence of Carborane Cages on Photoluminescence
Authors: Li Xiang , Yin Yongheng , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTetraphenylethylene (TPE)–carborane hybrids are constructed, and the impact of carborane substituents on the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics of TPE‐cores has been investigated. When altering the 2‐R‐group on the carborane unit with ‐H, ‐CH3 or phenyl group, the luminescent quantum yield of the corresponding TPE derivatives can be manipulated from 0.18 to 0.63 in the solid state. The emission color exhibits an obvious 100 nm shift (from blue to yellow).
Effects of haloperidol, olanzapine, ziprasidone, and PHA‐543613 on spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze test in naïve and MK‐801‐treated mice
Authors: Ning Houxu , Cao Dong , Wang Haidong , Kang Bing , Xie Shiping , Meng Yujing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionCognitive impairment is the core symptom of schizophrenia, significantly impacting the functional outcome. Improvement of cognitive function has been an important aspect of the treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, this study is to demonstrate the effects of first‐generation antipsychotic haloperidol, second‐generation antipsychotic olanzapine and ziprasidone, and alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA‐543613 on spatial learning and memory.Material and MethodsC57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of haloperidol (2 mg/kg), olanzapine (2.5 mg/kg), ziprasidone (2 mg/kg), and PHA‐543613 (1 mg/kg), and cognitive dysfunctions were induced by MK‐801 (0.1 mg/kg). Morris water maze was used for investigating the effects of all agents.ResultsMk‐801 significantly increased the mean escape latency to the platform and decreased the number of platform area crossings. Ziprasidone had no effect on the mean escape latency to platform and the number of platform area crossings in naïve mice, but haloperidol, olanzapine, and PHA‐543613 did not. Haloperidol and olanzapine significantly increased the mean escape latency to platform and decreased the number of platform area crossings, while ziprasidone and PHA‐543613 did not. All the agents had no effect on swimming speed.ConclusionsZiprasidone and alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA‐543613 might be helpful in the treatment of CIAS.
An l‐RNA Aptamer with Expanded Chemical Functionality that Inhibits MicroRNA Biogenesis
Authors: Kabza Adam M. , Sczepanski Jonathan T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo facilitate isolation of l‐aptamers with novel RNA‐binding properties, we employed a cationic nucleotide, 5‐aminoallyluridine, during the mirror image in vitro selection process. Through this effort, we identified a modified l‐RNA aptamer (MlRA) capable of binding oncogenic precursor microRNA 19a (pre‐miR‐19a) with exceptional affinity, and we showed that cationic modification is absolutely critical for binding. Furthermore, formation of the MlRA–pre‐miR‐19a complex inhibited Dicer‐mediated cleavage of the pre‐miR, thus blocking formation of the mature functional microRNA. The MlRA reported here not only represents the first l‐aptamer to be evolved by using modified nucleotides but also the first modified aptamer (of any type) to be selected against a structured RNA target. Our results demonstrate that functionalized l‐aptamers, which are intrinsically nuclease‐resistant, provide an attractive approach for developing robust RNA‐binding reagents.
atz‐1 Influences meiosis to maintain germline chromosomal stability in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dawson Joseph A. , Methven‐Kelley Caitlin , Davis Gregory M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExchange of genetic information during meiosis occurs in all sexually reproducing species to produce haploid gametes from diploid cells. This process involves tight coordination of a meiotic specific cohesin complex, the synaptonemal complex, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. In this study, we describe a putative myosin heavy chain protein orthologous to human myosin 1, F28D1.2, which we named Abnormal Transition Zone (atz‐1). Deletion of atz‐1 results in embryonic lethality and a depleted transition zone, accompanied by reduced expression of the meiotic cohesin protein, REC‐8. atz‐1 mutants display disorganized and aggregated chromosomal bodies in diakinetic oocytes. In addition to this, atz‐1 mutants are hypersensitive to mild inhibition of DNA damage repair, suggesting that DNA replication in atz‐1 mutants is impaired. Moreover, the atz‐1 mutant phenotype is germline specific and resupplying somatically expressed atz‐1 does not rescue the reproductive defects associated with atz‐1 mutants. Overall, our data suggest that atz‐1 contributes to meiosis and maintains germline chromosomal stability.
Stent selection for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Williams P. D. , Awan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent deployment is the dominant form of myocardial revascularization, with millions of procedures performed worldwide each year. Stent design has evolved substantially over time and there are now a wide range of options available to the interventional cardiologist. This review will cover the development of intracoronary stents and the patient and vessel factors which are important in stent selection.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/5430072/Activity.aspx
Efficient Production of Biomass‐Derived C4 Chiral Synthons in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lin Shaoying , Guo Xiao , Qin Kai , Feng Lei , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCarbohydrates are expected to replace petroleum and to become the base of industrial chemistry. Chirality is one particular area in which carbohydrates have a special potential advantage over petroleum resources. Herein, we report a catalytic approach for the direct production of d‐tetroses [i.e., d‐(−)‐erythrose and d‐(+)‐erythrulose] from d‐hexoses through a fast retro‐aldol process at 190 °C that achieves a yield of 46 % and completely retains the chiral centers in the final chiral synthon. The d‐tetrose products were further converted into their derivatives, thereby accomplishing transfer of chirality from natural chiral hexoses to high‐value‐added chiral chemicals. Our results also suggest that the product distribution for the conversion of d‐hexoses was determined by their isomerization and epimerization trends that competed with their corresponding retro‐aldol condensation processes.
Tandem Reductive Hydroformylation of Castor Oil Derived Substrates and Catalyst Recycling by Selective Product Crystallization
Authors: Furst Marc R. L. , Korkmaz Vedat , Gaide Tom , Seidensticker Thomas , Behr Arno , Vorholt Andreas J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn orthogonal tandem catalytic system consisting of rhodium and ruthenium complexes yielded linear C12 α,ω‐bifunctional compounds from commercial, castor oil derived renewable substrates. With aldehyde yields up to 88 % and selectivities to the linear species of up to 95 %, this approach is direct and atom economic and provides easy access to potential polymer precursors for polycondensates. Additionally, a straightforward method for selective product crystallization was developed, which enabled recycling of the tandem catalytic system for two runs with excellent activity and simultaneously provided a high‐purity product.
One‐Pot Transformation of Carbohydrates into Valuable Furan Derivatives via 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wrigstedt Pauli , Keskiväli Juha , Perea‐Buceta Jesús E. , Repo Timo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a pivotal chemical in the utilization of biomass as a chemical feedstock. For this approach the vast majority of methods require access to pure HMF from biomass before its utilization, which incorporates one or more purification steps that obstruct industrial implementation. We describe an operationally simple and versatile method that encompasses both the dehydration of several carbohydrate substrates into HMF and subsequently its direct conversion into various high value‐added furan derivatives in a one‐pot process. To that end, we selected the aldol condensation of HMF with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as a model reaction. With the optimized conditions of solvent and base catalyst in hand, the one‐pot dehydration of fructose and the condensation sequence with various ketones afforded the products in good overall yields over two steps. The scope of the process was expanded to more complex carbohydrates, such as glucose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, and inulin. Moreover, by fine‐tuning the reaction conditions, the one‐pot methodology in which we used inulin as the substrate was highly efficient if applied to various other important reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, and Cannizzaro and Baylis–Hillman reactions, which rendered the corresponding furan derivatives in high overall yields.
Efficient and Mild Ullmann‐Type N‐Arylation of Amides, Carbamates, and Azoles in Water
Authors: Bollenbach Maud , Aquino Pedro G. V. , de Araújo‐Júnior João Xavier , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques , Bihel Frédéric , Salomé Christophe , Wagner Patrick , Schmitt Martine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA simple, sustainable, efficient, mild, and low‐cost protocol was developed for d‐glucose‐assisted Cu‐catalyzed Ullmann reactions in water for amides, carbamates, and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. The reaction was compatible with diverse aryl/heteroaryl iodides, giving highly substituted pyridine, indole, or indazole rings. This method offers an attractive alternative to existing protocols, because the reaction proceeds in aqueous media, occurs at or near ambient temperature, and provides the N‐arylated products in good to high yields.
Traceless Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Fused Chiral Macrocycles via Conformational Constraint‐Assisted Cyclic Iminium Formation
Authors: Schütznerová Eva , Oliver Allen G. , Slough Greg A. , Krchňák Viktor 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNatural products comprising chiral molecular scaffolds containing fused medium‐sized cycles and macrocycles represent an important and relevant pharmacological target for the discovery and development of new drugs. Here, we describe traceless solid‐phase synthesis of acyclic intermediates amenable to cyclization to medium (11) and large (12) fused rings. The key aspect of the synthetic strategy is incorporation of a specific conformation constraint that facilitates cyclization in favor of 11‐ and 12‐membered rings rather than possible 7‐membered ones. The role of constraints in preorganization required for cyclization is supported by computational analysis. The synthesis involves cyclic N‐sulfonyliminium‐nucleophilic addition chemistry as the key ring‐forming reaction and proceeds with complete stereocontrol of the newly formed stereogenic center. We document the scope and limitations of this strategy in the synthesis of 11+5, 11+6, 11+7, and 12+6 fused rings representing molecular scaffolds with 3D architecture that mimic complex natural products.
Conversion of Cellulose into Amphiphilic Alkyl Glycosides Catalyzed by Aquivion, a Perfluorosulfonic Acid Polymer
Authors: Karam Ayman , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Marinkovic Sinisa , Estrine Boris , Oldani Claudio , Jérôme François 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) Aquivion PW98 is an amphiphilic solid superacid which is shown to catalyze the conversion of cellulose into amphiphilic alkyl glycosides (AAGs) in 85 % yield (with 97 % selectivity). The process involves a mechanocatalytic depolymerization of cellulose followed by a direct glycosylation with n‐dodecanol. In comparison to H2SO4 and solid acid catalysts commonly employed in cellulose processing, Aquivion PFSA PW98 is not only recyclable but also exhibits superior catalytic performances in terms of yield, selectivity, and reactor productivity.