bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning anticipation: Wildfire, risk mitigation and simulation modelling in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Neale Timothy 
Published: June 2016

Wildfire is a global environmental ‘problem’ with significant socioeconomic and socionatural impacts that does not lend itself to simple technical fixes (Gill et al., 2013: 439). In Australia, a country with a pronounced history of disastrous landscape fires, these impacts are expected to increase as the peri-urban population continues to grow and the climate continues to change. This paper draws upon the burgeoning literature on anticipatory regimes to analyse an in-depth case study of a government pilot in the highly fire-prone State of Victoria, where practitioners have utilised a simulation model to measure and intervene in the distribution of wildfire risk. The pilot presents the ‘calculative collective device’ (Callon and Muniesa, 2005) of wildfire management at a moment of what I label ‘calculative rearticulation’, wherein figurations of the future are rebooted, reconstructed or recalibrated; such moments, I suggest, can reorient the institutionally conservative spaces – such as environmental or risk management – providing opportunities for practitioners and others to interrogate the existing distribution of hazards and anticipatory interventions. Through such opportunities ‘hazardous’ more-than-human landscapes can be imagined otherwise.
Effect of Promoter Polymorphisms on Cytokine Concentration in Preterm Breast Milk and Subsequent Infant Outcomes
Authors: Baumgartel Kelley L. , Groer Maureen W. , Cohen Susan M. , Ren Dianxu , Spatz Diane L. , Conley Yvette P. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Breast milk concentrations of immune components are variable between women and interleukin (IL) differences may be associated with infant outcomes. Molecular mechanisms for milk variability remain unknown. Objective: The aims were to (1) examine the relationship between maternal IL genotypes and milk concentrations of IL4, IL6, and IL10, (2) describe the trajectories of milk IL change, (3) examine whether maternal IL genotypes predict IL trajectories and/or average weekly IL concentration, and (4) examine if weekly IL levels and/or IL trajectories are associated with infant outcomes. Methods: Milk aliquots were collected from each feeding of mother’s own milk and pooled weekly. DNA was extracted from 1 sample of each mother’s breast milk whey (n = 64), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL genes were genotyped. Milk IL concentrations were measured and trajectory analysis examined IL milk change over time. Multivariate breast milk IL concentration analyses controlled for gestational age and prepregnancy body mass index. Multivariate infant outcome (n = 73) analyses controlled for gestational age and the ratio of human milk to total milk. Results: Trajectory analysis resulted in linear group shapes, with 2 distinct subgroups in IL6 and 3 subgroups in IL4 and IL10. Trajectory groups trended toward significance with calprotectin, intraventricular hemorrhage, and blood transfusions. Multivariate analyses resulted in trending associations between maternal SNPs and subsequent IL6 and IL10 milk levels. There was a trending relationship between IL milk levels and both fecal calprotectin and intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusion: Maternal IL SNPs may affect IL breast milk levels and IL milk levels may be associated with infant outcomes.
Effect of 2 Models of Care and Factors Predicting Patients’ Adherence to Doctor’s Appointment Attendance in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Aderemi-Williams Roseline Iberi , Tayo Fola , Sagoe Aba , Zachariah Mathew P. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Provision of antiretroviral therapy in resource limited settings has put pressure on the available infrastructure. Objectives: The study examined patients’ adherence to Doctor’s appointment attendance after an intervention changing the model of care and factors that predicted adherence. Methods: Observational study was carried out over four years. The model of care was changed in the last year and the effect assessed. SPSS version 15.0 was used for analysis. Predictors of adherence were determined using logistic regression model. Results: Over half 148 (59.7%) of the patients were females, with a mean age of 40.4±8.8 years and baseline CD4 cells of 143.5±92.7cells/microliters. “Adherence” rates were 51.3% in 2007, 35.9% in 2008 and 14.9% in 2009 giving patients’ average adherence to Doctor’s appointment attendance of 34.03%. Intervention changing the model of care in 2010 recorded an adherence rate of 93.1%. Conclusions: The change in model of care greatly improved patients’ “adherence”. Patients’ knowledge of management, adherence, and smoking and drinking habits were identified as statistically significant predictors of adherence.
Protective mitochondrial transfer from bone marrow stromal cells to acute myeloid leukemic cells during chemotherapy
Authors: Moschoi Ruxanda , Imbert Véronique , Nebout Marielle , Chiche Johanna , Mary Didier , Prebet Thomas , Saland Estelle , Castellano Rémy , Pouyet Laurent , Collette Yves , Vey Norbert , Chabannon Christian , Recher Christian , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Alcor Damien , Peyron Jean-François , Griessinger Emmanuel 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells transfer functional mitochondria to AML cells in vitro and in vivo through endocytic pathways. This mitochondria transfer is enhanced by some chemotherapies and confers a survival advantage to leukemic blasts and leukemia initiating cells.
Synthetic arsenic sulfides in Japanese prints of the Meiji period
Authors: Luo Yanbing , Basso Elena , Smith Henry D. , Leona Marco 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A multi-analytical investigation of Japanese woodblock prints ranging in date from 1864 to 1895 and covering essentially the time span between the very end of the Edo period and the middle of the Meiji period showed a widespread use of arsenic sulfides for yellow and green colored areas (the latter obtained by mixing Prussian blue to the yellow arsenic sulfides). Analysis by optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed that the yellow pigment is usually a compound belonging to the solid solution series (As8S8)–(As8S9). The poor crystallinity of the pigment as shown by Raman microscopy, the non-stoichiometric As/S ratio, as well as the presence of excess uncombined sulfur point to a synthetic origin for the pigment. Period literary sources suggest that synthetic arsenic sulfide pigments manufacture might have started in the Iwashiro province in 1846. This is to our knowledge the first conclusive evidence for the use of synthetic arsenic sulfides in woodblock prints in Japan.
Influence of HIV/AIDS on Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Study From Tanzania
Authors: Chambuso Ramadhani S. , Shadrack Stephen , Lidenge Salum J. , Mwakibete Ntoli , Medeiros Rui M. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women in Tanzania. Any impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on cervical precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer has a significant implication, as for any public health concern, especially in an area such as the Morogoro region in Tanzania, which has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. Methods A comparative retrospective study was performed of 536 women screened for cervical cancer by visual inspection methods at the Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital over a period of 3 years; the women were grouped according to their HIV status. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were estimated using χ2 test and multivariate analysis. The test statistics were evaluated with a significance level of P < .05. Results The prevalence of precancerous lesions was 71.8% in HIV-positive women and 27.3% in HIV-seronegative women. Furthermore, the prevalence of extensive or large precancerous lesions was 40.5% in HIV-positive women and 13.5% in HIV-seronegative women. The prevalence of invasive cervical cancer was 8% in HIV-seronegative women and 11% in HIV-positive women. The risk factors for the cervical lesions were HIV-positive status (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 4.2 to 11.2; P < .001) and being older than 30 years of age (OR, 11.99; 95% CI, 6.86 to 21.21; P < .001). Conclusion HIV/AIDS has a highly statistically significant association with ( P < .001) and a great influence on the development of cervical precancerous lesions in HIV-positive women; however, its direct involvement in the progression to invasive cervical cancer, especially in this era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, is questionable.
Surgical Resection and Interstitial Iodine-125 Brachytherapy for High-Grade Meningiomas: A 25-Year Series
Authors: Magill Stephen T. , Lau Darryl , Raleigh David R. , Sneed Penny K. , Fogh Shannon E. , McDermott Michael W. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Atypical and malignant meningiomas can recur despite resection and radiation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine outcomes of patients with recurrent atypical or malignant meningioma treated with repeat resection and permanent iodine-125 (125I) brachy-therapy.

METHODS: Charts of patients who underwent surgical resection and 125I brachyther-apy implantation for atypical and malignant meningiomas between 1988 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial method was used to calculate progression-free and overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare groups. Significance was set at P < .05.

RESULTS: Forty-two patients underwent 50 resections with 125I brachytherapy im-plantations. All patients had undergone previous resections and 85% had previously undergone radiation. Median follow-up was 7.5 years after diagnosis and 2.3 years after brachytherapy. Median time to progression after resection with 125I brachytherapy was 20.9 months for atypical meningioma, 11.4 months for malignant meningioma, and 11.4 months for the combined groups. Median survival after re-resection and 125I brachytherapy was 3.5 years for atypical meningioma, 2.3 years for malignant menin-gioma, and 3.3 years for all subjects. Median overall survival after diagnosis was 11.1 years for atypical meningioma, 9.1 years for malignant meningioma, and 9.4 years for all subjects. Complications occurred in 17 patients and included radiation necrosis (n = 8, 16%), wound breakdown (n = 6, 12%), hydrocephalus (n = 4, 8%), infection (n = 3, 6%), and a pseudomeningocele (n = 2, 5%).

CONCLUSION: This is the largest experience with adjuvant 125I brachytherapy for recurrent high-grade meningiomas. The outcomes support the use of adjuvant brachytherapy as an option for these aggressive tumors.
Quality of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Neuro-oncologic Surgery
Authors: Zacharia Brad E. , Youngerman Brett E. , Bruce Samuel S. , Hershman Dawn L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Bruce Jeffrey N. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Given the vagaries of published guidelines and the lack of high-quality evidence on the method, timing, and dose of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in neurological surgery, little is known about practice patterns regarding VTE prophylaxis in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the use of VTE prophylaxis in patients who underwent surgery for a cerebral neoplasm and to identify patient, physician, and hospital characteristics associated with prophylaxis.

METHODS: Using the Premier Perspective database, we classified patients undergoing surgery for intracranial neoplasm between 2006 and 2012 on the basis of the type of VTE prophylaxis they received (mechanical, pharmacological, or combination). Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effects of pretreatment patient and system variables, including hospital and surgeon volume, on prophylaxis while controlling for hospital clustering.

RESULTS: A total of 43 327 patients were identified. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was given to 70.2% of patients. Overall, 16 957 (39.2%) had only mechanical prophylaxis, 5628 (13%) received only pharmacological prophylaxis, and 7826 (18.1%) received combination prophylaxis. Patients with high-volume providers (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.69) were more likely to receive prophylaxis.

CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of patients who underwent surgery for an intracranial tumor did not receive any VTE prophylaxis. We noted that the rate of overall VTE prophylaxis did not significantly change over the course of the 7 years analyzed despite an increasing focus on complication prevention. High-volume surgeons were more likely to provide VTE prophylaxis.
TFEB at a glance
Authors: Napolitano Gennaro , Ballabio Andrea 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of basic cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The subcellular localization and activity of TFEB are regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated phosphorylation, which occurs at the lysosomal surface. Phosphorylated TFEB is retained in the cytoplasm, whereas dephosphorylated TFEB translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of target genes. Thus, a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway regulates cellular energy metabolism through TFEB. Recently, in vivo studies have revealed that TFEB is also involved in physiological processes, such as lipid catabolism. TFEB has attracted a lot of attention owing to its ability to induce the intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in a variety of murine models of disease, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of TFEB activity. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present an overview of the latest research on TFEB function and its implication in human diseases.
Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley-type Reduction over a Metal-free TiO2 Photocatalyst in Alcohol: Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Chlorobenzaldehyde to Chlorobenzyl Alcohol
Authors: Fukui Makoto , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde was almost quantitatively and chemoselectively reduced to p-chlorobenzyl alcohol in alcoholic suspensions of a metal-free titanium(IV) oxide photocatalyst under hydrogen-free conditions. Since alcohols act as electron donors and hydrogen sources, this reaction can be regarded as a heterogeneous Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley-type reduction over a photocatalyst. Excellent chemoselectivity was also observed in the intermolecular competitive reduction of benzaldehyde (BA) and chlorobenzene (CB), i.e., only BA was reduced to benzyl alcohol, with CB not being reduced.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Decarboxylative and Dehydrogenative Formation of Highly Substituted Pyridines from Alkene-tethered Isoxazol-5(4H)-ones
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Sasakura Kohei , Shimbayashi Takuya , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of alkene-tethered isoxazol-5(4H)-ones affording pyridines has been developed. Di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted pyridines were obtained from various isoxazolones in good yields.
Near-infrared Emissive Donor–Acceptor-type Molecules Containing Thiazole-fused Benzothiadiazole as an Electron-acceptor Moiety
Authors: Satou Motoi , Nakamura Tomoya , Aramaki Yoshitaka , Okazaki Shuhei , Murata Michihisa , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Two donor–acceptor-type (D–A-type) molecules containing thiazole-fused benzothiadiazole (BT) as the acceptor moiety were designed and synthesized. The thiazole-fused BT skeleton enables fine-tuning of the solubility and the electronic structure as well as two-dimensional extension of the π-conjugation. The combination with common donor units such as diphenylaminothiophene or triphenylamine-substituted thiophene resulted in the formation of D–A–D-type molecules, which exhibited fluorescence in the NIR region.
“The Lord Struck Him Down by the Hand of a Female!” Baroque Artists Depicting Judith in the Renaissance
Authors: Delis Tina M 
Published: June 2016

Gender themed Research Project, using the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes to examine how Baroque artists tackled representing Judith as a female figure who openly subverts the Renaissance gender norms by defeating a male. Focusing on the artists, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Orazio Gentileschi and Artemisia Gentileschi, the paper explores through visual analysis how each artist approached representing the gender issue within the biblical narrative in their artwork. The biblical narrative is discussed and two well-disseminated published articles about gender roles are reviewed. Additionally, how the Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church’s assertive stance for the purpose of art effects how images of Judith are painted.
A Study of Hypermethylated Circulating Tumor DNA as a Universal Colorectal Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Garrigou Sonia , Perkins Geraldine , Garlan Fanny , Normand Corinne , Didelot Audrey , Le Corre Delphine , Peyvandi Sanam , Mulot Claire , Niarra Ralph , Aucouturier Pascaline , Chatellier Gilles , Nizard Philippe , Perez-Toralla Karla , Zonta Eleonora , Charpy Cecile , Pujals Anais , Barau Caroline , Bouché Olivier , Emile Jean-François , Pezet Denis , Bibeau Frederic , Hutchison J Brian , Link Darren R , Zaanan Aziz , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Sobhani Iradj , Taly Valerie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a good candidate for tracking tumor dynamics in different cancer types, potentially avoiding repeated tumor biopsies. Many different genes can be mutated within a tumor, complicating procedures for tumor monitoring, even with highly sensitive next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies. Droplet-based digital PCR (dPCR) is a highly sensitive and quantitative procedure, allowing detection of very low amounts of circulating tumor genetic material, but can be limited in the total number of target loci monitored.METHODSWe analyzed hypermethylation of 3 genes, by use of droplet-based dPCR in different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC), to identify universal markers for tumor follow-up.RESULTSHypermethylation of WIF1 (WNT inhibitory factor 1) and NPY (neuropeptide Y) genes was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, independently of tumor stage. All tumor tissues appeared positive for one of the 2 markers. Methylated ctDNA (MetctDNA) was detected in 80% of metastatic CRC and 45% of localized CRC. For samples with detectable mutations in ctDNA, MetctDNA and mutant ctDNA (MutctDNA) fractions were correlated. During follow-up of different stage CRC patients, MetctDNA changes allowed monitoring of tumor evolution.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that MetctDNA could be used as a universal surrogate marker for tumor follow-up in CRC patients, and monitoring MetctDNA by droplet-based dPCR could avoid the need for monitoring mutations.
A Role for Legitimacy in Sovereign Debt: A Review Essay on Odette Lienau, Rethinking Sovereign Debt, 2014
Authors: Herman Barry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe book under review seems especially relevant to the intergovernmental policy dialogues that have recently focused on how creditors and a borrowing government should vet sovereign borrowing, and how to hold the lender and borrower accountable for their decisions. The book seeks to specify under what circumstances, if any, there are limits to the legal obligation to repay a sovereign loan. While repayment is always required except in cases of sovereign insolvency when it is just not possible, there have been exceptions to absolute repayment obligation in practice and in legal theory. This review builds on the author’s analysis of determinants of illegitimacy (which would remove the obligation to repay) in order to examine why governments in fact repay their loans, why the loss of access to credit makes repudiation of odious loans rare, and how if enforcing the obligation to repay were restricted to “responsible” lending and borrowing under internationally agreed terms, it could advance socially and environmentally sustainable development, while maintaining normal financial market activity of sovereigns. Finally, complementing a loan-by-loan approach, this paper calls for an internationally concerted process for more effectively and fairly resolving sovereign insolvencies.
Improved impregnation efficiency and pulp yield of softwood kraft pulp by high effective alkali charge in the impregnation stage
Authors: Brännvall Elisabet , Bäckström Marie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A pulp yield increase up to 2% can be achieved by impregnation with a liquor containing 2 M effective alkali (EA) concentration instead of 1 M. The yield increase is due to higher cellulose and glucomannan contents in the pulp, which can be rationalized by less yield loss by peeling, as impregnation is more effective at an elevated EA level. A rapid loading of chips with alkali can be realized due to a high diffusion rate. When the temperature becomes higher in the cooking stage, enough alkali is available for delignification reactions without the risk of alkali depletion in the chip core, so that the delignification is more homogeneous.
Modeling the Transient VOC (toluene) Oxidation in a Packed-Bed Catalytic Reactor
Authors: Esparza-Isunza Tristán , López-Isunza Felipe 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A model is developed to study the transient behavior of a non-isothermal, non-adiabatic packed-bed reactor during VOC (toluene) oxidation with air on a mixed-oxide catalyst via Mars-van Krevelen kinetic scheme. The aim is to find a safe reactor design and operating conditions for VOC elimination, which has been collected in a battery of adsorption units from dilute VOC streams. Once each adsorption column is saturated, a non-isothermal desorption takes place, and the gas stream exiting the sequence of VOC desorption columns feeds continuously the catalytic reactor for VOC elimination. The reactor model describes a 2D two-phase system interacting through the gas-solid interphase, including convection and axial and radial dispersions of mass and heat. The simulations show that the gas flow velocity, and reactor and particle diameters, are key parameters to achieve a safe design, and that traveling reaction fronts in the packed-bed exist when a series of reversible stepwise changes are performed in the concentration and temperature at the feed, as a result of the transient balance between heat generation and heat elimination along the packed-bed. When comparing the perturbation in VOC concentration at the feed versus those in temperature, a large parametric sensitivity is observed for the latter case without the presence of multiple steady states. Due to the uncertainty in the values of the effective heat transport parameters, transient responses of different magnitude are observed for the same operating conditions when using heat transport parameter of different magnitude.