bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic relocation of intermediate-depth earthquakes using adaptive teleseismic arrays
Authors: Blackwell Alice , Craig Timothy , Rost Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
Intermediate-depth earthquakes, accommodating intraslab deformation, typically occur within subduction zone settings at depths between 60–300 km. These events are in a unique position to inform us about the geodynamics of the subducting slab, specifically the geometry of the slab and the stress state of the host material. Improvements in the density and quality of recorded seismic data enhance our ability to determine precise locations of intermediate-depth earthquakes, in order to establish connections between event nucleation and the tectonic setting. Depth phases (near-source surface reflections, e.g. pP and sP) are crucial for the accurate determination of earthquake source depth using global seismic data. However, they suffer from poor signal-to-noise ratios in the P wave coda. This reduces the ability to systematically measure differential traveltimes to the direct P arrival, particularly for the frequent lower magnitude seismicity which highlights considerable seismogenic regions of the subducted slabs. To address this limitation, we have developed an automated approach to group globally distributed stations at teleseismic distances into ad-hoc arrays with apertures of 2.5$^\circ$, before optimizing and applying phase-weighted beamforming techniques to each array. Resultant vespagrams allow automated picking algorithms to determine differential arrival times between the depth phases and their corresponding direct P arrival. Using these differential times we can then determine the depths of earthquakes, which in turn can be used to create a catalogue of relocated events. This will allow new comparisons and insights into the governing controls on the distribution of earthquakes in subducted slabs. We demonstrate this method by relocating intermediate-depth events associated with northern Chile and the Peruvian flat slab regions of the subducting Nazca plate. The relocated Chilean catalogue contains comparable event depths to an established catalogue, calculated using a semi-automated global methodology, which serves to validate our fully automatic methodology. The new Peruvian catalogue we generate indicates three broad zones of seismicity approximately between latitudes 1–7$^\circ$S, 7–13$^\circ$S and 13–19$^\circ$S. These align with flat to steep slab dip transitions and the previously identified Pucallpa Nest. We also find a regionally deeper slab top than indicated by recent slab models, with intraslab events concentrated at points where the slab bends, suggesting a link between slab flexure and intermediate-depth earthquake nucleation.
Insurance acceptance and cash pay rates for psychotherapy in the US
Authors: Zhu Jane M , Huntington Aine , Haeder Simon , Wolk Courtney , McConnell K John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cost and insurance coverage remain important barriers to mental health care, including psychotherapy and mental health counseling services (“psychotherapy”). While data are scant, psychotherapy services are often delivered in private practice settings, where providers frequently do not take insurance and instead rely on direct pay. In this cross-sectional analysis, we use a large national online directory of 175 083 psychotherapy providers to describe characteristics of private practice psychotherapy providers who accept and do not accept insurance, and assess self-reported private pay rates. Overall, about one-third of private practice psychotherapists did not accept insurance, with insurance acceptance varying substantially across states. We also found significant session rate differentials, with Medicaid rates being on average 40% lower than reported cash pay rates, which averaged $143.26 a session. Taken together, low insurance acceptance across a broad swath of mental health provider types means that access to care is disproportionately reliant on patients’ ability to afford out-of-pocket payments—even when covered by insurance. While our findings are descriptive and may not be representative of all US psychotherapists, they add to scant existing knowledge about the cash pay market for an important mental health service that has experienced increased use and demand over time.
Community design of the Brooklyn Health Equity Index
Authors: Afable Aimee , Salisu Margaret , Blackwell Tenya , Divittis Anthony , Hoglund Mark , Lewis Gwendolyn , Boutin-Foster Carla , Douglas Montgomery 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Health equity drives quality care. Few reliable metrics that capture patients’ perceptions of health equity exist. We report on the development of a patient-centered metric for health systems change in central Brooklyn, which stands out as an outlier in New York City with a disproportionate burden of poverty, disease, and death. A community-engaged, sequential, mixed-methods research design was used. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 80 community and health care stakeholders across central Brooklyn. Candidate items were derived from qualitative themes and examined for face, interpretive validity, and language. Interitem reliability and confirmatory factor analysis was assessed using data collected via text and automated discharge calls among 368 patients from a local hospital. Qualitative data analysis informed the content of 11 draft questions covering 3 broad domains: trust-building, provider appreciation of social determinants of health, and experiences of discrimination. Psychometric testing resulted in a Cronbach's alpha of 0.774 and led to deletion of 1 item, resulting in a 10-item Brooklyn Health Equity Index (BKHI). The 10-item BKHI is a novel, brief, and reliable measure that captures patients’ perceptions of inequities and offers a real-time measure for health systems and payors to monitor progress toward advancing health equity.
Potassium stimulates fruit sugar accumulation by increasing carbon flow in Citrus sinensis
Authors: Wu Kongjie , Hu Chengxiao , Liao Peiyu , Hu Yinlong , Sun Xuecheng , Tan Qiling , Pan Zhiyong , Xu Shoujun , Dong Zhihao , Wu Songwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soluble sugars contribute to the taste and flavor of citrus fruit. Potassium (K), known as a quality element, plays key roles in improving sugar accumulation and fruit quality, but the mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate how K improves sugar accumulation by regulating carbon flow from source leaves to fruit in Newhall navel orange. We found that optimal fruit K concentrations around 1.5% improved sugar accumulation and fruit quality in citrus. K application increased the strength of both sink and source, as indicated by the increased fruit growth rate, enzyme activities and expression levels of key genes involved in sucrose (Suc) metabolism in fruit and leaf. K application also facilitated Suc transport from source leaves to fruit, as confirmed by the enhanced 13C-Suc level in fruit. Furthermore, we found that navel orange used the symplastic pathway for transporting Suc from source leaves to fruit, and K application enhanced symplastic loading, as demonstrated by the intensified carboxyfluorescein signal and increased plasmodesmata density in leaves. The findings reveal that K stimulates fruit sugar accumulation by increasing carbon flow from source leaves to fruit in Newhall navel orange.
Do populists escalate international disputes?
Authors: Destradi Sandra , Plagemann Johannes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Among the potentially most consequential effects of populism is its impact on countries' international conflict behaviour. However, empirical evidence about populists' approach to international disputes is inconclusive. We develop a theoretical framework focused on mobilization and personalization, which we argue are particularly relevant characteristics of populist foreign policy-making. We hypothesize that, on a conflict–cooperation continuum, a country's approach to a bilateral dispute will become more conflictive under a populist government if that dispute is strongly used for domestic political mobilization, and if decision-making on that issue is highly personalized. Conversely, foreign policy will not become more conflictive in cases of weak mobilization and personalization. We carry out in-depth qualitative within-case comparisons of non-populist and populist governments' policies in Bolivia (2002–2019), India (2004–2022), and the Philippines (2010–2022), focusing on two selected bilateral disputes per country. Drawing on a broad range of sources, including 71 expert interviews conducted in the three countries, we find that populists in power escalate international disputes if they strongly use foreign policy issues for domestic mobilization and, at the same time, strongly personalize decision-making. This finding nuances existing assessments about the effect of populism on foreign policy change.
Populist international (dis)order? Lessons from world-order visions in Latin American populism
Authors: Farias Deborah Barros Leal , Casarões Guilherme , WAJNER Daniel F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of populism's international links has grown significantly. Yet, there are gaps in conceptualizing potential implications for the international order. Our study contributes to filling this gap by asking: if a ‘populist international order’ (PIO) were to emerge, and populists could envision the world close(r) to their liking, what would this order look like? We pursue answers through a plausibility probe of three deductively-derived normative pillars: 1) cooperation under a PIO is characterized by more fractured, mostly symbolic, small-scale multilateralism; 2) a PIO relies on a narrow, selective embrace of the rule of law, to be respected only when seen as representing the wishes of the ‘real people’; and 3) the commitment to pluralism in ‘international society’ is replaced by an anti-pluralist, monolithic notion of popular sovereignty as the primary behavioural driver. Our analysis is based on contemporary populist leadership from Latin America: Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro, Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro and Mexico's Andrés Manuel López Obrador. We examine how these populists have addressed our proposed PIO pillars in different ways and shaped their world-order visions in relation to them. The lessons derived from this study can contribute to bridging gaps regarding the effects of global populism in International Relations, including prospects of mitigating the systemic impact of populism on the international order.
Beyond exit: how populist governments disengage from international institutions
Authors: Pacciardi Agnese , Spandler Kilian , Söderbaum Fredrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a widespread belief among scholars and policy-makers that populism has fuelled a unilateralist backlash because of its emphasis on nationalism, popular sovereignty and identity politics. Although a few populist governments have indeed withdrawn from some international institutions, this ‘disengagement hypothesis’ needs to be scrutinized and unpacked. In this article, we develop a framework that distinguishes between four types of institutional disengagement—criticism, obstruction, extortion and exit—and show that populist governments use them in a fluid and tactical way to navigate between the radical and pragmatic imperatives of populist politics. Our comparative case-study of the Hungarian executive under Viktor Orbán (since 2010) and the Trump administration in the US (2017–2021) demonstrates that both governments have frequently used criticism, obstruction and extortion to disengage from international institutions but have only rarely exited from them. The article thus deepens our understanding of the impact of populism on both individual institutions and the multilateral order more broadly, and helps policy-makers develop strategies to counter the adverse effects of populism.
Association Between Maternal Infections in Pregnancy and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Offspring: Findings From Two Scandinavian Birth Cohorts
Authors: Guo Annie , Ludvigsson Johnny , Lerchova Tereza , Imberg Henrik , Størdal Ketil , Mårild Karl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The association of infections and antibiotic use in pregnancy and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development in the offspring have been scarcely investigated. We examined infection and antibiotic use in pregnancy and the risk of IBD in offspring.

Methods
We followed participants from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) and the Norwegian mother father and child cohort (MoBa) from birth (1997-2009) until 2020-2021. IBD diagnosis was classified as ≥2 records in national registers. Information on infections (any, gastrointestinal, and respiratory), their timing (early or late in pregnancy), and antibiotic use in pregnancy were collected from questionnaires. Cox proportional-hazard regression and meta-analytic methods were used to estimate pooled adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for IBD and its subtypes, adjusted for parental IBD, maternal smoking, and education. Sensitivity analyses accounted for exposure to antibiotics and infections 0-12 months of age.

Results
We followed 117 493 children for 2 024 299 person-years (follow-up 22.3 years in ABIS and 16.4 years in MoBa), including 451 IBD cases. The aHRs for any infection and respiratory infections in pregnancy and offspring IBD were close to one (aHR = 0.99 [95% CI = 0.73-1.33] and aHR = 1.00 [95% CI = 0.81-1.23], respectively). However, any versus no infection in early pregnancy was associated with IBD development (aHR = 1.26 [95% CI = 1.02-1.55]), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD; aHR = 1.40 [95% CI = 1.01-1.93]). Any versus no gastrointestinal infection in late pregnancy was associated with offspring CD (aHR = 1.95 [95% CI = 1.34-2.84]). Antibiotic use in pregnancy was not associated with IBD in the child (aHR = 1.15 [95% CI = 0.93-1.44]).

Conclusions
In this binational birth cohort study, the risk of offspring IBD varied by infection type and timing but not with maternal antibiotic use in pregnancy.
Taxonomic and functional characterization of biofilms from a photovoltaic panel reveals high genetic and metabolic complexity of the communities
Authors: Jotta Viviane Faria Morais , García Glen Jasper Yupanqui , Fonseca Paula Luize Camargos , de Mello Ferreira Angela , Azevedo Vasco , Brenig Bertram , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Badotti Fernanda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Biofilms are complex microbial cell aggregates that attach to different surfaces in nature, industrial environments, or hospital settings. In photovoltaic panels (PVs), biofilms are related to significant energy conversion losses. In this study, our aim was to characterize the communities of microorganisms and the genes involved in biofilm formation.

Methods and results
In this study, biofilm samples collected from a PV system installed in southeastern Brazil were analyzed through shotgun metagenomics, and the microbial communities and genes involved in biofilm formation were investigated. A total of 2030 different genera were identified in the samples, many of which were classified as extremophiles or producers of exopolysaccharides. Bacteria prevailed in the samples (89%), mainly the genera Mucilaginibacter, Microbacterium, Pedobacter, Massilia, and Hymenobacter. The functional annotation revealed &gt;12 000 genes related to biofilm formation and stress response. Genes involved in the iron transport and synthesis of c-di-GMP and c-AMP second messengers were abundant in the samples. The pathways related to these components play a crucial role in biofilm formation and could be promising targets for preventing biofilm formation in the PV. In addition, Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of hematite, goethite, and ferrite, consistent with the mineralogical composition of the regional soil and metal-resistant bacteria.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings reveal that PV biofilms are a promising source of microorganisms of industrial interest and genes of central importance in regulating biofilm formation and persistence.
Dominant strain shift in the invasive fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in Thailand as inferred from mitochondrial COI and nuclear Tpi genes
Authors: Phanthian Chitsanuphong , Tandavanitj Nontivich , Chaisuekul Chatchawan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant global pest, that exhibits 2 discernible strains, corn strain (CS) and rice strain (RS). After initial detection in the eastern hemisphere in 2016, the dominant strain was identified as RS based only on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene from limited samples from various countries, including Thailand. This study aimed to assess strain and haplotype variation in the S. frugiperda populations in Thailand using both mitochondrial COI and nuclear triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) genes. Analyses of COI sequences (n = 105) revealed 2 predominant haplotypes, COICSh4 (82.86%) and COIRSh1 (17.14%), and the analyses of Tpi sequences (n = 99) revealed 6 haplotypes, with TpiCa1a (53.53%) being the most prevalent. Of the 98 caterpillar samples, the majority exhibited true CS (83.67%) for both genes. Meanwhile, interstrain hybrids, indicated by gene discordance, accounted for the minority (16.33%). Interestingly, despite the initial dominance of RS during the 2018 outbreak, the current study identified CS as the prevalent strain across all localities in Thailand. These findings suggested a shift in S. frugiperda dynamics in Thailand that was possibly influenced by factors, such as competitive exclusion principle, pesticide usage in rice cultivation, and preferences for corn over rice. Our study suggests a need to reexamine the previous reports of rice-strain dominance in various countries in the eastern hemisphere after the initial invasion.
A rare presentation of hematosalpinx with torsion in a thirteen year-old virgin: a case report
Authors: Raju Shivani , Kashyap Shravya , Jobran Afnan W M , K Shrivarshini , N Shravya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A medical condition called hematosalpinx causes an accumulation of blood within the fallopian tube. It is usually seen in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, tubal cancer, pelvic trauma, and endometriosis are further causes. Here, we report a unique case of hematosalpinx with associated tubal torsion in a 13-year-old female lacking any previously reported contributing causes. She is celibate and presented with abdominal pain and fever. Beta-hcg was not present, and her menstrual cycle was regular. Pelvic ultrasound sonography revealed a large cyst and was suggestive of a right paraovarian cyst. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a giant hematosalpinx was observed in an otherwise normal ovary. In conclusion, although very rare in adolescence, hematosalpinx must be considered in the differential diagnosis. This unusual instance highlights new concerns regarding the pathogenesis of hematosalpinx.
An Ambivalent Turn: The Changing Image of the Talmud Among Twentieth-Century German-Jewish Intellectuals
Authors: Maor Zohar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the attitudes of five prominent German-speaking intellectuals, active in the early twentieth century, to the Talmud: Martin Buber, Max Brod, Shmuel Hugo Bergmann, Franz Rosenzweig, and Gershom Scholem. All were central and influential figures in the turn to irrationalism that characterized this period whose discovery of Kabbalah and Hasidism is well documented. However, this essay explores their interest in the Talmud and how it was related to their take on the trend toward irrationalism. These five intellectuals renounced the critical view of the Talmud that was prevalent during the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah), and were inspired by the pivotal role of the Talmud in pre-modern and present East-European Jewry. Nevertheless, their turn was ambivalent, as they kept some of the Enlightened images of the Talmud, and were influenced by Buber’s disdain of the Halachic part of Judaism.
Making target sites in large structured RNAs accessible to RNA-cleaving DNAzymes through hybridization with synthetic DNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Nurmi Connor , Gu Jimmy , Mathai Amal , Brennan John D , Li Yingfu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 10–23 DNAzyme is one of the most active DNA-based enzymes, and in theory, can be designed to target any purine-pyrimidine junction within an RNA sequence for cleavage. However, purine-pyrimidine junctions within a large, structured RNA (lsRNA) molecule of biological origin are not always accessible to 10–23, negating its general utility as an RNA-cutting molecular scissor. Herein, we report a generalizable strategy that allows 10–23 to access any purine-pyrimidine junction within an lsRNA. Using three large SARS-CoV-2 mRNA sequences of 566, 584 and 831 nucleotides in length as model systems, we show that the use of antisense DNA oligonucleotides (ASOs) that target the upstream and downstream regions flanking the cleavage site can restore the activity (kobs) of previously poorly active 10–23 DNAzyme systems by up to 2000-fold. We corroborated these findings mechanistically using in-line probing to demonstrate that ASOs reduced 10–23 DNAzyme target site structure within the lsRNA substrates. This approach represents a simple, efficient, cost-effective, and generalizable way to improve the accessibility of 10–23 to a chosen target site within an lsRNA molecule, especially where direct access to the genomic RNA target is necessary.
EGFR and EGFRvIII coopt host defense pathways promoting progression in glioblastoma
Authors: An Zhenyi , Fan Qi-Wen , Wang Linyu , Yoda Hiroyuki , Barata Megumi J , Jimenez-Morales David , Phillips Joanna J , Swaney Danielle L , Stevenson Erica , Lee Ethan , Krogan Nevan , Weiss William A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Co-amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFRvIII, a tumor-specific truncation mutant of EGFR, represent hallmark genetic lesions in glioblastoma.

Methods
We used phospho-proteomics, RNA-sequencing, TCGA data, glioblastoma cell culture, and mouse models to study the signal transduction mediated by EGFR and EGFRvIII.

Results
We report that EGFR and EGFRvIII stimulate the innate immune defense receptor Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2); and that knockout of TLR2 dramatically improved survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. EGFR and EGFRvIII activated TLR2 in a ligand-independent manner, promoting tumor growth and immune evasion. We show that EGFR and EGFRvIII cooperate to activate the Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK2, which modulated malignant progression both by activating TLR2 and WNT signaling, and through remodeling the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions
Together, our findings show that EGFR and EGFRvIII cooperate to drive tumor progression through ROCK2 and downstream WNT-β-catenin/TLR2 signaling pathways.