bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National Living Donor Assistance Center perspective on barriers to the use of federal travel grants for living donors
Authors: Mathur Amit K. , Hong Barry , Ojo Akinolu , Merion Robert M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent research has identified important barriers that potential living organ donors face in utilizing travel reimbursement funds from the National Living Donor Assistance Center (NLDAC). In this article, we provide clarification and comment on these potential barriers from the NLDAC program perspective. The goal of financial neutrality for living donors requires further action. We discuss recent developments and further steps that may help achieve this goal and ultimately affect the shortage of donor organs.
Psychological well‐being and independent living of young adults with childhood‐onset craniopharyngioma
Authors: Memmesheimer Rodica Mia , Lange Karin , Dölle Michael , Heger Sabine , Mueller Iris 
Published: May 2017

AimTo assess the psychological well‐being and social integration of adults with craniopharyngioma diagnosed in childhood.MethodA cross‐sectional study of a nationwide cohort of young adults with craniopharyngioma in Germany was performed. A structured questionnaire covered the sociodemographic, clinical data, and subjective effects of the condition on social integration. Psychological well‐being was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results were compared to young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).ResultsThe study included 59 participants (29 females, 30 males; mean age 25y 2mo [SD 5y 10mo]), mean age at first surgery 10y 2mo [SD 3y 7mo]. Compared to the T1DM group, significantly more young people with craniopharyngioma aged 25 to 35 years lived at their parents’ homes (craniopharyngioma 43.34%; T1DM 13.7%; χ2=4.14, p=0.049), and fewer lived in a relationship (craniopharyngioma 8.69%; T1DM 54.7%; χ2=15.74, p<0.001). The HADS revealed a score for depression above the cut‐off in 20.69 per cent of young adults with craniopharyngioma and in 6 per cent of young adults with T1DM (χ2=13.42, p<0.001).InterpretationYoung adults with craniopharyngioma reported subjective disadvantages in professional and social integration. Further, they presented with reduced well‐being and increased depression rates. Better psychosocial support and self‐management education might reduce the long‐term burden of the disease.
A systematic review of scales to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Stewart Kirsty , Harvey Adrienne , Johnston Leanne M 
Published: May 2017

AimTo identify and systematically review the psychometric properties and clinical utility of dystonia and choreoathetosis scales reported for children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSix electronic databases were searched for dystonia and choreoathetosis scales with original psychometric data for children with CP aged 0 to 18 years.ResultsThirty‐four papers met the inclusion criteria, which contained six scales purported to measure dystonia and/or choreoathetosis in children with CP: the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale; Barry–Albright Dystonia Scale; Unified Dystonia Rating Scale; Movement Disorder‐Childhood Rating Scale; Movement Disorder‐Childhood Rating Scale 0–3 Years; and the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale.InterpretationEach scale provides useful information about dyskinesia, with most focusing on dystonia. The Barry–Albright Dystonia Scale, which was designed for CP, is the most commonly reported scale and least complex to use clinically. The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale is the only tool to consider both dystonia and choreoathetosis in CP. All tools are designed to classify movement disorders at the level of body functions and structures, rather than activity limitations or participation restrictions, although many provide some insight into the impact of dystonia on activities. Further studies are required to fully examine the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical utility of each scale specifically for children with CP.
High‐resolution mapping of soil phosphorus concentration in agricultural landscapes with readily available or detailed survey data
Authors: Matos‐Moreira M. , Lemercier B. , Dupas R. , Michot D. , Viaud V. , Akkal‐Corfini N. , Louis B. , Gascuel‐Odoux C. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHigh‐resolution mapping of soil phosphorus (P) concentration is necessary to identify critical source areas reliably where a large risk of transport coincides with a large potential source of P in agricultural landscapes. However, dense soil P data are not usually available to produce such maps and to obtain them is expensive. In this study, we modelled and mapped soil extractable P (ExtP) and total P (TP) concentrations in an intensively farmed 12‐km2 catchment in Brittany (NW France) with two different datasets to test the suitability of readily available regional or national databases for high‐resolution mapping. We used a machine learning tool (Cubist) to develop rule‐based predictive models from a calibration dataset. Covariates included pedological, geological, agricultural, terrain and geophysical‐related attributes obtained specifically in the study area (SURVEY) or derived from readily available regional or national databases (DATABASE). Even though better predictions were obtained with the SURVEY data (RMSE = 0.018 g kg−1 for ExtP and RMSE = 0.219 g kg−1 for TP), the DATABASE data produced acceptable predictions (RMSE = 0.024 g kg−1 for ExtP and RMSE = 0.253 g kg−1 for TP). The machine learning tool helped to identify key covariates that would improve the prediction of soil P when detailed data are not available. Readily available data about crop rotations could increase the accuracy of existing ExtP maps. These maps, combined with additional soil analysis for extractable Al, would improve the mapping of TP and the identification of areas with a large potential source of P.Highlights

Modelling and mapping of soil phosphorus with the machine learning algorithm Cubist.
Comparison of regional or national databases and detailed survey data for prediction.
Models with regional and national data performed well, but some areas with large concentrations of P were not identified.
Information about crop rotation and soil extractable Al improved model performance.
Child‐ and parent‐reported quality of life trajectories in children with epilepsy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ferro Mark A. , Avery Lisa , Fayed Nora , Streiner David L. , Cunningham Charles E. , Boyle Michael H. , Lach Lucyna , Glidden Gina , Rosenbaum Peter L. , Ronen Gabriel M. ,   the QUALITÉ group
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo describe the developmental trajectories of quality of life (QoL) in a large cohort of children with epilepsy, and to assess the relative contribution of clinical, psychosocial, and sociodemographic variables on QoL trajectories.MethodsFive assessments during a 28‐month prospective cohort study were used to model trajectories of QoL. Participants were recruited with their parents from six Canadian tertiary centers. A convenience sample of 506 children aged 8–14 years with epilepsy and without intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder were enrolled. A total of 894 children were eligible and 330 refused participation. Participating children were, on average, 11.4 years of age, and 49% were female. Nearly one third (32%) had partial seizures. At baseline, 479 and 503 child‐ and parent‐reported questionnaires were completed. In total, 354 children (74%) and 366 parents (73%) completed the 28‐month follow‐up. QoL was measured using the child‐ and parent‐reported version of the Childhood Epilepsy QoL scale (CHEQOL‐25).ResultsChild‐reported QoL was fitted best by a six‐class model and parent‐reported QoL by a five‐class model. In both models, trajectories remained either stable or improved over 28 months. Of these children, 62% rated their QoL as high or moderately high, defined as at least one standard deviation above the average CHEQOL‐25 score. Greater family, classmate, and peer social support, fewer symptoms of child and parent depression, and higher receptive vocabulary were identified as the most robust predictors of better QoL (all p < 0.001).SignificanceMost children with epilepsy and their parents reported relatively good QoL in this first joint self‐ and proxy‐reported trajectory study. Findings confirm the heterogeneous QoL outcomes for children with epilepsy and the primary importance of psychosocial factors rather than seizure and AED‐specific factors in influencing QoL. These predictors that are potentially amenable to change should now be the focus of specific intervention studies.
Podocyte‐specific soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency in mice attenuates acute kidney injury
Authors: Bettaieb Ahmed , Koike Shinichiro , Chahed Samah , Zhao Yi , Bachaalany Santana , Hashoush Nader , Graham James , Fatima Huma , Havel Peter J. , Gruzdev Artiom , Zeldin Darryl C. , Hammock Bruce D. , Haj Fawaz G. 
Published: May 2017

Podocytes play an important role in maintaining glomerular function, and podocyte injury is a significant component in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose genetic deficiency and pharmacological inhibition have beneficial effects on renal function, but its role in podocytes remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of sEH in podocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced kidney injury. We report increased sEH transcript and protein expression in murine podocytes upon LPS challenge. To determine the function of sEH in podocytes in vivo we generated podocyte‐specific sEH‐deficient (pod‐sEHKO) mice. Following LPS challenge, podocyte sEH‐deficient mice exhibited lower kidney injury, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations than controls suggestive of preserved renal function. Also, renal mRNA and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNFα were significantly lower in LPS‐treated pod‐sEHKO than control mice. Moreover, podocyte sEH deficiency was associated with decreased LPS‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, the protective effects of podocyte sEH deficiency in vivo were recapitulated in E11 murine podocytes treated with a selective sEH pharmacological inhibitor. Altogether, these findings identify sEH in podocytes as a contributor to signaling events in acute renal injury and suggest that sEH inhibition may be of therapeutic value in proteinuria.EnzymesSoluble epoxide hydrolase: EC 3.3.2.10.
Distribution of circular single‐stranded DNA viruses associated with benthic amphipods of genus Diporeia in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Bistolas Kalia S. I. , Jackson Elliot W. , Watkins James M. , Rudstam Lars G. , Hewson Ian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Benthic amphipods of genus Diporeia are key indicators of ecosystem health and were the most abundant invertebrate in the four deep Laurentian Great Lakes until the mid‐1990s. The mechanism(s) responsible for declines in Diporeia abundance in Lakes Huron, Michigan and Ontario remain contentious. A previous study identified a circular replication initiator protein‐encoding single‐stranded (CRESS) DNA virus, LM29173, associated with Diporeia populations.

This study surveys the distribution of CRESS‐DNA viral genotypes in amphipods from several populations and investigates the relationship between viral presence and nutritional quality of the amphipod. We show that CRESS‐DNA virus‐like sequences are common in Diporeia nanobiomes, and are detectable as free particles in virioplankton.

Among three identified CRESS‐DNA viral genotypes (LM29173, LM122 and LH481), LM29173 is a recurrent and prevalent constituent of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron Diporeia‐associated viral consortia, with genotype load averaging 726–3,643 copies mg−1 of tissue. LM29173 abundance coincides with amphipod haplotype demographics, and was more prevalent among Diporeia from the southern clade (Lakes Michigan, Huron, New York Finger Lakes) than northern clade (Lake Superior), irrespective of the state of population decline.

We expected that the association of CRESS‐DNA viruses would impart costs to amphipod physiology. However, viral load of LM29173 did not correlate with amphipod nutritional quality (lipid content, C:N stoichiometry).
A clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological study of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN) – An Indian perspective
Authors: Bhat Ramesh M. , Patrao Ninon , Monteiro Rochelle , Sukumar D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a benign cutaneous condition which commonly occurs in dark‐skinned people, especially Asians and African Americans. Owing to its benign nature and rarity, very few studies have been conducted to date, and dermoscopic studies are practically nonexistent.ObjectivesTo study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) and to correlate the clinical findings with dermoscopic and histopathological findings in DPN.MethodsA total of 100 patients attending the Dermatology outpatient department at Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India, with clinically diagnosed dermatosis papulosa nigra were included in the study. Histopathology and dermoscopic evaluation of the lesions were done, and the characteristics seen were noted.ResultsEarlier onset of lesions was noted in our study, i.e. onset in the 4th decade as compared to the 6th decade in most other studies. A female preponderance, positive family history, history of sun exposure, and involvement of the head and neck were other significant associations. Histopathology revealed an acanthotic variant in all the lesions that were biopsied. The predominant dermoscopic finding was fissures and ridges of the cerebriform pattern followed by comedo‐like openings.ConclusionDermatosis papulosa nigra is a benign unaesthetic condition seen in Fitzpatrick skin types IV‐VI. The diagnosis is mainly clinical; however, in a few cases histopathology and dermoscopy aid in differentiating it from other benign and malignant tumors. Dermoscopy, in particular, being a noninvasive investigative moiety is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool.
Chemotherapy‐related cardiotoxicity: are Australian practitioners missing the point?
Authors: Conyers Rachel , Costello Ben , La Gerche Andre , Tripaydonis Anne , Burns Charlotte , Ludlow Louise , Lange Peter , Ekert Paul , Mechinaud Francoise , Cheung Michael , Martin Michelle , Elliot David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt has long been established that cardiotoxicity occurs as a result of exposure to certain chemotherapeutics, particularly anthracyclines. Historically, clinicians equate cardiotoxicity with a poor prognosis, in a small percentage of patients and deem long‐term surveillance as optional. Emerging evidence suggests that anthracycline cardiotoxicity (ACT) is a life‐long risk with an incidence approaching 20%.AimsTo elucidate the incidence of anthracycline cardiotoxicity within a current paediatric oncology survivor cohort.MethodsParticipants were identified through the Haematology‐Oncology database at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Patients were identified from a retrospective audit of outpatient attendances between January 2008 and December 2015. Patients with a cancer diagnosis exposed to anthracyclines were eligible for the study. Patient demographics and echocardiogram findings were recorded with patients subcategorised according to degree of ACT. More significant ACT defined as fractional shortening (FS) <24% and less significant if FS 24–28% or a decline in baseline ejection fraction of >10%.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐six of a total 481 identified patients were eligible for study inclusion. Twenty patients displayed significant ACT with FS <24%. Ten patients had a FS 24–28% and 25 patients with a decline in ejection fraction from baseline of >10%. Overall, 6.6% demonstrated significant cardiac complications, whilst 19.6 % demonstrated some degree of ACT and decline in myocardial function. When stratified for cumulative anthracycline dose, the incidence of severe cardiac dysfunction was 5.1% (<250 mg/m2) and 25% (>250 mg/m2)ConclusionThis study demonstrates, in keeping with modern literature, the higher incidence of anthracycline associated cardiac toxicity and a need for better surveillance and follow up.
Hospital occupancy and discharge strategies: a simulation‐based study
Authors: Qin Shaowen , Thompson Campbell , Bogomolov Tim , Ward Dale , Hakendorf Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing demand for hospital services has resulted in more arrivals to emergency department (ED), increased admissions, and, quite often, access block and ED congestion, along with patients’ dissatisfaction. Cost constraints limit an increase in the number of hospital beds, so alternative solutions need to be explored.AimsTo propose and test different discharge strategies, which, potentially, could reduce occupancy rates in the hospital, thereby improving patient flow and minimising frequency and duration of congestion episodes.MethodsWe used a simulation approach using HESMAD (Hospital Event Simulation Model: Arrivals to Discharge) – a sophisticated simulation model capturing patient flow through a large Australian hospital from arrival at ED to discharge. A set of simulation experiments with a range of proposed discharge strategies was carried out. The results were tabulated, analysed and compared using common hospital occupancy indicators.ResultsSimulation results demonstrated that it is possible to reduce significantly the number of days when a hospital runs above its base bed capacity. In our case study, this reduction was from 281.5 to 22.8 days in the best scenario, and reductions within the above range under other scenarios considered.ConclusionSome relatively simple strategies, such as 24‐h discharge or discharge/relocation of long‐staying patients, can significantly reduce overcrowding and improve hospital occupancy rates. Shortening administrative and/or some treatment processes have a smaller effect, although the latter could be easier to implement.
The origin of anomalous water diffusion in silica glasses at low temperatures
Authors: Tomozawa Minoru , Davis Kenneth M. , Seaman Jared H. , Aaldenberg Emily M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnomalous water diffusion into SiO2 glass was observed in a low temperature range, below ~850°C, under a constant water vapor pressure of 355 Torr (47.3 kPa). Both the effective water diffusion coefficient and water solubility exhibited an anomalous time dependence. For example, water solubility in the low temperature range increased initially, achieving much higher values than expected based on extrapolation from higher temperature data, and then decreased with time toward an equilibrium value. This phenomenon was reported earlier, but a complete explanation was not possible; a new model is presented based upon glass surface compressive stress generation and subsequent surface stress relaxation. Water diffusion can promote stress generation and stress relaxation, both of which affect the reaction between diffused molecular water and the glass structure. By considering these stress effects, the anomalous water diffusion behavior in silica glass is explained. Furthermore, the same model can account for the reversal of external tensile and compressive stress effects on water solubility and diffusivity in silica glass observed after a few hours of heat treatment at 650°C in 355 Torr water vapor pressure.
Structure and properties of hydrogrossular mineral series
Authors: Adhikari Puja , Dharmawardhana Chamila C. , Ching Wai‐Yim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe hydrogrossular (HG) mineral series (Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x; 0≤x≤3) are water‐bearing minerals found in the upper part of the Earth's mantle and as well as on its surface. They are vital to the planet's hydrosphere under different hydrothermal conditions. The composition and structure of this mineral series are important in geoscience and share many commonalities with cement and clay materials. Other than the end‐members of the series grossular (x=0) and katoite (x=3) which have a cubic garnet structure, the structures of the intermediate‐members are totally unknown. We used large‐scale ab initio modeling to investigate the structures and properties for HG series for x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3. Results indicate that for x>0 and x<3, the structures are tetragonal or nearly tetragonal, which partially justify that this garnet family is known to be cubic or pseudocubic. We also show that there are structural changes related to the disorder introduced with the composition mixing of SiO4 tetrahedra and AlO6 octahedra in the series. Based on the models constructed, the mechanical and interband optical properties of the HG series are calculated. For grossular and katoite, results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The calculated electronic structure, total bond order explains the atomistic origin of the change in the compressibility of the series. Careful analysis of patterns of these results indicates that the series can be roughly divided into three regions: region I (x=0‐0.75), region II (x=0.75‐2.25), and region III (x=2.25‐3) with high, intermediate, and low Si/H ratio respectively. We also point out the inappropriateness of using the ill‐defined concept of treating O4H4 as a compressible structural unit in interpreting the structure and properties of HG series. Furthermore, the phonon spectra of grossular and katoite are calculated.
Longstanding persistent accelerated idioatrial rhythm: Benign sinus node‐like rhythm or insidious rhythm?
Authors: Liu Hailei , Zhu Chao , Yang Bing , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , Kojodjojo Pipin , Chen Minglong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionDetailed description of longstanding persistent accelerated idioatrial rhythm (AIAR) is lacking. This observational study investigated the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual arrhythmia.Methods and resultsFifteen patients (11 males; average age 25.9 ± 15.7 years) suspected with longstanding persistent AIAR were enrolled in our study. All patients had electrocardiogram (ECG), 24‐hour Holter monitoring, isoproterenol provocation test, echocardiogram, and exercise treadmill test. Electrophysiological study (EPS) and catheter ablation were performed if necessary. The above noninvasive tests would be repeated during follow‐up. Among the patients, 10 were asymptomatic; 5 had concomitant paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Two asymptomatic patients had impaired left ventricular function. AIAR was observed throughout 24‐hour Holter monitoring, showing chronotropic profile similar to sinus rhythm (SR). Such AIAR exhibited competitive property with SR when provoked by isoproterenol or during treadmill test. Twelve patients had EPS and 8 of them had successful ablation to eliminate AIAR. During a medium follow‐up of 3.7 years, all patients were in well clinical course and preserved left ventricular dysfunction, and 3 patients spontaneously reverted to SR at 10‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsLongstanding persistent AIAR is an unusual entity of atrial arrhythmias and in most situations a benign rhythm requiring no treatment. The clinical course will be worsened when AIAR develops rapid focal firing, is associated with focal atrial tachycardias or results in tachycardia‐mediated cardiomyopathy, but can be resolved via catheter ablation.