bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian senior citizens activity in travelling behaviour: an empirical model
Authors: Adhikari Biranchi Narayan , Behera Ajay Kumar , Mahapatra Rabindra , Das Harish , Mohapatra Sasmita 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the outcomes of an analysis on day by day task – journey planning conduct of senior citizens by using a modern dynamic model and a family unit travel overview, gathered in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, of India in 2018. The task-journey planning display assumes an unique time–space-constrained planning development.

Design/methodology/approach
The main commitment of this paper is to reveal day by day task – journey planning conduct through a comprehensive dynamic framework. Numerous behavioural subtleties are revealed by the subsequent empirical model. These incorporate the role that income plays in directing outside time consumption decisions of senior citizens. Senior citizens in the most elevated and least salary classes will in general have minor varieties in time consumption decisions than those in middle pay classifications. Generally speaking, the time consumption decisions become progressively steady with expanding age, demonstrating that more task durations and lower task recurrence become progressively predominant with increasing age.

Findings
Day by day task-type and area decisions reveal a reasonable irregular utility-amplifying level headed conduct of senior residents. Unmistakably expanding spatial availability to different task areas is an urgent factor in characterizing every day outside task interest of senior residents. It is likewise evident that the assorted variety of outside task-type decisions decreases with rise in age and senior citizens are major touchy to auto journey hour than to travel or non-mechanized journey hour.

Originality/value
The fundamental constraint to the dynamic structure is that the mode decision model was viewed as exogenic to the demonstrating framework. The essential purpose behind this supposition that was that senior citizens in the Bhubaneswar are overwhelmingly customers of the local car. Coordination of the mode decision display part inside this structure would deliver a full task-based journey request model that could catch trip age, starting times, outing circulation and mode decision using a solitary demonstrating framework.
Predictors of clinical features in early‐onset severe systemic sclerosis: An analysis from a multicenter prospective observational Japanese cohort
Authors: Uesugi‐Uchida Saori , Fujimoto Manabu , Asano Yoshihide , Endo Hirahito , Goto Daisuke , Jinnin Masatoshi , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Tanaka Sumiaki , Tokunaga Takahiro , Makino Katsunari , Matsushita Takashi , Motegi Sei‐Ichiro , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi , Hasegawa Minoru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the clinical course of systemic sclerosis (SSc) varies widely, prognostic indicators have been sought to predict the outcomes of individual patients. Racial differences in SSc render it necessary to validate prognostic indicators in different patient cohorts. In this study, we aimed to assess clinical and laboratory parameters in Japanese patients with early‐stage SSc with diffuse cutaneous involvement and/or interstitial lung disease, and identify predictive factors for disease progression. We performed multivariate analyses of baseline clinical information to estimate symptoms 4 years later in Japanese patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and/or SSc with interstitial lung disease. Patients were enrolled in the study within 5 years of disease onset at 10 Japanese SSc centers. Over 12 years, 115 patients followed up for 4 years were included in this study. The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) at 4 years correlated with the baseline mRSS and finger‐to‐palm distance, defined as the average length from the distal tip of the fourth finger to the distal palmar crease. The percentage predicted vital capacity (%VC) in year 4 positively and negatively correlated with initial %VC and the presence of anti‐topoisomerase I antibodies, respectively. The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) at 4 years was positively and negatively associated with baseline HAQ‐DI and %VC, respectively. The occurrence of digital ulcers within 4 years was associated with the initial presence of digital ulcers, finger‐to‐palm distance, and the presence of digital pitting scars and anti‐topoisomerase I antibodies. This study identified several factors that may predict the progression of early‐stage SSc in Japanese patients. Finger‐to‐palm distance may be a useful tool for predicting the progression of skin thickening and the development of digital ulcers in the early stages of severe SSc, but larger, long‐term prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Optimising POCUS programs: A summary of EMUG's recommendations for the development and maintenance of ED POCUS programs
Authors: Phillips Luke , Maclean Alastair , Monester Josh , Douglas Joanne , Davidson Stacey , King Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) use is widespread in EDs and throughout those practising medicine. Between institutions and specialities, there is widespread variety and training. With this comes risk of patient harm and backlash to a clinically useful modality. Our objective is to form a statement that encompasses current published and unpublished guidance for creating and maintaining robust POCUS programs in EDs.MethodsEmergency Medicine Ultrasound Group (EMUG) identified this gap and volunteers from the group undertook a literature search of current best practice and institution guidelines relating to POCUS programs. They contacted colleagues from other specialities to find and get access to other countries and colleges' POCUS guidelines. EMUGs regularly run discussion forums (Collab‐labs) and points from these were considered. Recommendations were then formed from these and recurrent unpublished obstacles the group had encountered. The result was reviewed by Clinical Leads in Ultrasound and POCUS users in Australasia.ResultsThe recommendations were organised under five pillars: Infrastructure, Governance, Administration, Education and Quality.ConclusionThese recommendations complement existing guidelines and are not intended to replace them; however, we hope to promote discussion and provide reference support for those developing POCUS programs. Implementing a comprehensive and robust ED POCUS program will ensure safe, effective, and standardised high‐quality POCUS use, with the aim of improving patient care across Australia and New Zealand. Patient safety will be enhanced through effective risk management and quality assurance and there will be consistency in POCUS education, training and credentialing across institutions.
Genomic characterization and identification of candidate genes for putative podophyllotoxin biosynthesis pathway in Penicillium herqueiHGN12.1C
Authors: Nguyen Duong Huy , Tran Quang Ho , Le Lam Tung , Nguyen Ha Hong Thi , Tran Hoa Thi , Do Thuy Phuong , Ho Anh Ngoc , Tran Quang Hong , Thu Hien Thi Nguyen , Bui Van Ngoc , Chu Hoang Ha , Pham Ngoc Bich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have reported the functional role, biochemical features and synthesis pathway of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) in plants. In this study, we employed combined morphological and molecular techniques to identify an endophytic fungus and extract PTOX derivatives. Based on the analysis of ITS sequences and the phylogenetic tree, the isolate was classified as Penicillium herquei HGN12.1C, with a sequence identity of 98.58%. Morphologically, the HGN12.1C strain exhibits white colonies, short‐branched mycelia and densely packed hyphae. Using PacBio sequencing at an average read depth of 195×, we obtained a high‐quality genome for the HGN12.1C strain, which is 34.9 Mb in size, containing eight chromosomes, one mitochondrial genome and a GC content of 46.5%. Genome analysis revealed 10 genes potentially involved in PTOX biosynthesis. These genes include VdtD, Pinoresinollariciresinol reductase (PLR), Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH), CYP719A23, CYP71BE54, O‐methyltransferase 1 (OMT1), O‐methyltransferase 3 (OMT3), 2‐ODD, CYP71CU and CYP82D61. Notably, the VdtD gene in fungi shares functional similarities with the DIR gene found in plants. Additionally, we identified peltatin, a PTOX derivative, in the HGN12.1C extract. Docking analysis suggests a potential role for the 2‐ODD enzyme in converting yatein to deoxypodophyllotoxin. These findings offer invaluable insights into the synthesis mechanism of PTOX in fungi, shedding light on the relationship between host plants and endophytes.
Circulation of rare events in the liquid biopsy for early detection of lung mass lesions
Authors: Resnick Karen , Shah Anya , Mason Jeremy , Kuhn Peter , Nieva Jorge , Shishido Stephanie N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer screening with low‐dose computed tomography (CT) scans (LDCT) has reduced mortality for patients with high‐risk smoking histories, but it has significant limitations: LDCT screening implementation remains low, high rates of false‐positive scans, and current guidelines exclude those without smoking histories. We sought to explore the utility of liquid biopsy (LBx) in early cancer screening and diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodsUsing the high‐definition single‐cell assay workflow, we analyzed 99 peripheral blood samples from three cohorts: normal donors (NDs) with no known pathology (n = 50), screening CT patients (n = 25) with Lung‐RADS score of 1–2, and biopsy (BX) patients (n = 24) with abnormal CT scans requiring tissue biopsy.ResultsFor CT and BX patients, demographic information was roughly equivalent; however, average pack‐years smoked differed. A total of 14 (58%) BX patients were diagnosed with primary lung cancer (BX+). The comparison of the rare event enumerations among the cohorts revealed a greater incidence of total events, rare cells, and oncosomes, as well as specific cellular phenotypes in the CT and BX cohorts compared with the ND cohort. LBx analytes were also significantly elevated in the BX compared with the CT samples, but there was no difference between BX+ and BX− samples.ConclusionsThe data support the utility of the LBx in distinguishing patients with an alveolar lesion from those without, providing a potential avenue for prescreening before LDCT.
Estimating the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth outcomes
Authors: Vanderziel Alyssa , Anthony James C. , Barondess David , Kerver Jean M. , Alshaarawy Omayma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrenatal cannabis use prevalence in the United States has increased. Relaxation of state‐level cannabis policy may be contributing to the diminished risk perception of using cannabis. The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, crosses the placenta, interacting with functional cannabinoid receptors in the fetus. Here, we assess the association between prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) and a set of birth outcomes.MethodsUsing the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health, a prospective pregnancy cohort, we linked prenatal survey data with neonatal data from state‐archived birth records. Recruitment occurred in 23 clinics across Michigan. Pregnant participants with live birth records between October 2017 and January 2022, after exclusion for missing data on cannabis use, birth outcomes, and covariates, were included in the final analytic sample (n = 584). Analyses involved generalized linear models.ResultsAn estimated 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12%, 18%) of participants reported using cannabis during pregnancy. Covariate‐adjusted models revealed an association between PCE and birth size (ß = −0.3; 95% CI: −0.5, −0.003).Discussion and ConclusionsFindings suggest a relationship between PCE and smaller birth size. Clinicians should follow guidelines outlined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists when counseling pregnant patients on cannabis use.Scientific SignificanceWe detected a significant association between PCE and birth size. Most studies focus only on the extremes of birth size, however, use of z‐scores allow for assessment of the sex‐specific birth weight‐for‐gestational age distribution, increasing the accuracy of detecting an effect of cannabis exposure on birth size.
Early ileal resection in Crohn's disease is not associated with severe long‐term outcomes: The ERIC study
Authors: Grellier Nathan , Kirchgesner Julien , Uzzan Mathieu , Mclellan Paul , Stefanescu Carmen , Lefèvre Jérémie H. , Treton Xavier , Panis Yves , Sokol Harry , Beaugerie Laurent ,   the ERIC Study group, Seksik Philippe 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundEarly complicated Crohn's disease (CD) may require ileal resection as first‐line treatment.AimTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of patients who underwent early ileal resection.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) referral centres, including patients with ileocaecal resection and segmental ileal resection within 5 years of CD diagnosis. Early resection was defined as within 6 months of diagnosis, intermediate resection between 6 months and 2 years, and late resection between 2 and 5 years. The primary outcome was the cumulative risk of a second ileal surgery. Secondary outcomes included the use of postoperative treatments and morphological recurrence after initial surgery (Rutgeerts score ≥i2, or recurrence on imaging).ResultsAmong 393 patients who underwent ileal resection within 5 years of diagnosis, 130, 128 and 135, respectively, had early, intermediate and late resection. The cumulative risk of second surgery at 10 years was not significantly different in the early resection group (25.0% [95% CI 17.4–35.2]), than the intermediate (16.8% [95% CI 10.5–26.2]; p = 0.17) or late resection group (22.7% [95% CI 15.1–33.3]; p = 0.83). The early resection group required fewer postoperative treatments than the late resection group with median survivals without treatments of 3.7 and 0.9 years, respectively (p = 0.002). Patients who had early resection had significantly less morphological recurrence than the late resection group (p = 0.02).ConclusionEarly ileal resection in CD is not associated with a higher risk of a second resection. It may be associated with reduced use of medical treatments and fewer morphological recurrences.
Momentary displays of compassion and the relationship between psychosis, mood and risk incidents on inpatient wards: An experience sampling study
Authors: Irwin Leanne , Berry Katherine , Bell Tobyn , Carter Lesley‐Anne , Udachina Alisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPsychosis can be thought of as a threat‐based experience. Compassion has been shown to be effective in reducing threat, although highly distressed individuals may struggle to be self‐compassionate. This study explored the effects of compassionate interactions with staff on inpatients with psychosis.MethodExperience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to investigate the relationships between compassion from staff and paranoia, voice hearing, distress related to psychosis experiences, affect and risk incidents in daily life. Twenty‐two service users residing on inpatient mental health wards took part. Baseline measures of compassion, fears of compassion and affect were taken. Participants completed ESM assessments 10 times per day, over 6 days.ResultsCompassion from staff was associated with a small increase in voice hearing, but was not associated with paranoia, paranoia‐related distress, voice‐related distress, negative affect, positive affect, or risk incidents in daily life. Baseline fears of compassion moderated the relationships between compassion from staff and some of the service user outcomes. For inpatients scoring low on fears of compassion, compassionate interactions were associated with increased positive affect and lower paranoia. However, for those scoring high on fears of compassion, this relationship was reversed, and compassionate interactions were associated with higher paranoia and lower positive affect.ConclusionPeople with psychosis who have fears of compassion may benefit from receiving support to address these fears in order to experience the benefit from the compassion of staff. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of observations and limited statistical power.
Cryptic species conservation: a review
Authors: Hending Daniel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCryptic species are groups of two or more taxa that were previously classified as single nominal species. Being almost morphologically indistinguishable, cryptic species have historically been hard to detect. Only through modern morphometric, genetic, and molecular analyses has the hidden biodiversity of cryptic species complexes been revealed. Cryptic diversity is now widely acknowledged, but unlike more recognisable, charismatic species, scientists face additional challenges when studying cryptic taxa and protecting their wild populations. Demographical and ecological data are vital to facilitate and inform successful conservation actions, particularly at the individual species level, yet this information is lacking for many cryptic species due to their recent taxonomic description and lack of research attention. The first part of this article summarises cryptic speciation and diversity, and explores the numerous barriers and considerations that conservation biologists must navigate to detect, study and manage cryptic species populations effectively. The second part of the article seeks to address how we can overcome the challenges associated with efficiently and non‐invasively detecting cryptic species in‐situ, and filling vital knowledge gaps that are currently inhibiting applied conservation. The final section discusses future directions, and suggests that large‐scale, holistic, and collaborative approaches that build upon successful existing applications will be vital for cryptic species conservation. This article also acknowledges that sufficient data to implement effective species‐specific conservation will be difficult to attain for many cryptic animals, and protected area networks will be vital for their conservation in the short term.
Role of PD‐1 in Skin Cancer: Molecular Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and Resistance
Authors: Sharma Neha , Mazumder Rupa , Rai Pallavi , Debnath Abhijit 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSkin cancer is a widespread worldwide health concern, manifesting in many subtypes such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Although all these types occur frequently, they generally lack the possibility of being cured, emphasizing the importance of early discovery and treatment. This comprehensive study explores the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) in skin cancer, focusing on its molecular mechanisms in immune regulation and its critical role in tumor immune evasion, while also clarifying the complexities of immune checkpoints in cancer pathogenesis. It critically evaluates the clinical applications of PD‐1 inhibitors, spotlighting their therapeutic potential in treating skin cancer, while also addressing the significant challenge of resistance. This work further discusses the evolution of resistance mechanisms against PD‐1 inhibitors and suggests potential approaches to mitigate these issues, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of these therapies. The study further highlights the current state of PD‐1 targeted therapies and sets the stage for future research aimed at optimizing these treatments for better clinical outcomes in skin cancer.
Prognosis of Single Implant‐Supported Prosthesis in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Five‐Year Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Hosseini Mandana , Jensen Simon Storgård , Gotfredsen Klaus , Hyldahl Emil , Pedersen Anne Marie Lynge 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hyposalivation. Currently, there is limited evidence for the prognosis of dental implant treatment in Sjögren's syndrome.Aim/HypothesisWe hypothesized comparable clinical outcomes of implant‐supported restorations in pSS‐patients and control subjects, and improvement in oral health‐related quality of life 5 years after restoration.Material and MethodsPatients with pSS and matched (age, gender, and tooth region) control group were recruited between June 2016 and March 2020. The clinical and radiological examination were performed, and patient‐reported oral health impact profile (OHIP‐49) questionnaire was used 2 months (baseline), 1, 3, and 5 years after prosthetic treatment.ResultsWe included 23 patients with pSS and 24 matched control subjects (all women, mean age: 57.1 years). The overall DMFT (decayed‐missed‐filled‐tooth) was significantly higher (p = 0.008), symptoms of dry mouth were more severe (p = 0.001), and unstimulated and chewing‐stimulated saliva flow rates were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in pSS than in control group. All implants survived with no implant mobility. At implant sites, the plaque index and probing depths did not differ (p = 0.301 and 0.446, respectively), but the gingival index was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in pSS than control group. The mean marginal bone loss, prosthetic complications, and clinician‐reported aesthetic outcomes were similar in both groups after 5 years. The OHIP scores were significantly higher in the pSS than control group (p < 0.001) but reduced significantly in both groups (p = 0.026).ConclusionReplacement of missing single teeth with dental implants was successful in patients with pSS 5 years after restoration.
Clinical characteristics and post‐operative outcomes in children with malformation of cortical development related drug‐resistant epilepsy: 428 cases in one pediatric epilepsy center
Authors: Yu Hao , Sun Yu , Liu Chang , Wang Yao , Liu Qingzhu , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuwu , Cai Lixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate post‐operative seizure outcomes, and predictors of surgical outcomes of the malformation of cortical development (MCD) in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) and age‐specific characteristics.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 428 children with MCD‐related DRE who underwent curative surgical treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify correlative characteristics, prognostic predictors, and differences among various age groups.ResultsAfter more than 3 years of follow‐up, 81.3% of patients achieved Engel I outcomes. Prognosis was correlated with factors such as age at surgery, MRI findings, invasive EEG, pathology, acute postoperative seizures (APOS), and the number of preoperative and postoperative anti‐seizure medications (AEDs). Age at surgery and the number of preoperative AEDs (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of seizure recurrence. Distinct clinical characteristics were observed among different age groups.ConclusionSurgery is effective in terminating MCD‐related DRE. Younger age at surgery and fewer preoperative AEDs are associated with better prognoses. Clinical characteristics vary significantly with age.