bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specifying the content of home-based health behaviour change interventions for older people with frailty or at risk of frailty: an exploratory systematic review
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Jovicic Ana , Belk Celia , Kharicha Kalpa , Iliffe Steve , Manthorpe Jill , Goodman Claire , Drennan Vari M , Walters Kate 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo identify trials of home-based health behaviour change interventions for frail older people, describe intervention content and explore its potential contribution to intervention effects.Design15 bibliographic databases, and reference lists and citations of key papers, were searched for randomised controlled trials of home-based behavioural interventions reporting behavioural or health outcomes.SettingParticipants' homes.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with frailty or at risk of frailty.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTrials were coded for effects on thematically clustered behavioural, health and well-being outcomes. Intervention content was described using 96 behaviour change techniques, and 9 functions (eg, education, environmental restructuring).Results19 eligible trials reported 22 interventions. Physical functioning was most commonly assessed (19 interventions). Behavioural outcomes were assessed for only 4 interventions. Effectiveness on most outcomes was limited, with at most 50% of interventions showing potential positive effects on behaviour, and 42% on physical functioning. 3 techniques (instruction on how to perform behaviour, adding objects to environment, restructuring physical environment) and 2 functions (education and enablement) were more commonly found in interventions showing potential than those showing no potential to improve physical function. Intervention content was not linked to effectiveness on other outcomes.ConclusionsInterventions appeared to have greatest impact on physical function where they included behavioural instructions, environmental modification and practical social support. Yet, mechanisms of effects are unclear, because impact on behavioural outcomes has rarely been considered. Moreover, the robustness of our findings is also unclear, because interventions have been poorly reported. Greater engagement with behavioural science is needed when developing and evaluating home-based health interventions.PROSPERO registration numberID=CRD42014010370
Systematic review of the effective components of psychosocial interventions delivered by care home staff to people with dementia
Authors: Rapaport Penny , Livingston Gill , Murray Joanna , Mulla Aasiya , Cooper Claudia 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThis review aims to understand what elements of psychosocial interventions are associated with improved outcomes for people with dementia to inform implementation in care homes.DesignA systematic review of qualitative and quantitative intervention studies was undertaken.Eligibility criteria for included studiesWe included primary research studies evaluating psychosocial interventions that trained care home staff to deliver a specific intervention or that sought to change how staff delivered care to residents with dementia and reported staff and resident qualitative or quantitative outcomes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE electronic databases and hand-searched references up to May 2016. Quality of included papers was rated independently by 2 authors, using operationalised checklists derived from standard criteria. We discussed discrepancies and reached consensus. We conducted a narrative synthesis of quantitative and a thematic synthesis of qualitative findings to find what was effective immediately and in sustaining change.ResultsWe identified 49 papers fulfilling predetermined criteria. We found a lack of higher quality quantitative evidence that effects could be sustained after psychosocial interventions finished with no evidence that interventions continued to work after 6 months. Qualitative findings suggest that staff valued interventions focusing on getting to know, understand and connect with residents with dementia. Successful elements of interventions included interactive training, post-training support, aiming to train most staff, retaining written materials afterwards and building interventions into routine care.ConclusionsPsychosocial interventions can improve outcomes for staff and residents with dementia in care homes; however, many trial results are limited. Synthesis of qualitative findings highlight core components of interventions that staff value and feel improve care. These findings provide useful evidence to inform the development of sustainable, effective psychosocial interventions in care homes.Trial registration numberCRD42015017621.
Appearance of QRS fragmentation late after Mustard/Senning repair is associated with adverse outcome
Authors: Helsen Frederik , Vandenberk Bert , De Meester Pieter , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Gabriels Charlien , Troost Els , Gewillig Marc , Meyns Bart , Willems Rik , Budts Werner 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate if development of fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes, a marker of inhomogeneous ventricular activation due to myocardial fibrosis, is associated with adverse outcome in adults after Mustard/Senning repair for d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA).MethodsAdults with atrial switch repair for d-TGA were selected from the database of a tertiary care hospital. Exclusion criteria were systemic right ventricular (RV) assist device or heart transplantation (HTx) before the age of 16, or fQRS already present at first visit to the Adult Congenital Heart Disease clinic. A blinded expert reader retrospectively analysed all available ECGs after the age of 16 for the presence of fQRS. The appearance of fQRS was modelled for each patient as a time-dependent variable. Cox regression was performed to assess the relationship between covariates and the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, HTx or systemic RV assist device.ResultsRecords of 89 patients (34% female, 42% Mustard repair) were analysed. At latest follow-up, fQRS was noted in 26 patients (29%). Over a median follow-up time of 16.9 (IQR 12.6–22.9) years, the composite endpoint occurred in nine patients (10%). In multivariable Cox analysis, appearance of fQRS (HR 14.11; 95% CI 1.42 to 140.12) and development of severe RV dysfunction (HR 11.36; 95% CI 2.08 to 62.17) were significantly associated with the composite endpoint.ConclusionsAppearance of fQRS complexes on a 12-lead ECG is associated with adverse outcome in adults after atrial switch repair for d-TGA. In this population, fQRS detection might be a promising and easily implementable tool to identify patients at risk for adverse events.
Clinical information has low sensitivity for postmortem diagnosis of heart valve disease
Authors: Coffey Sean , Harper Andrew R , Cairns Benjamin J , Roberts Ian SD , Prendergast Bernard D 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAccuracy of routinely collected information concerning cause of death is essential for public health and health systems planning. Since clinical examination has relatively low sensitivity for detection of valvular heart disease (VHD), mortality data based on clinical information alone might routinely underestimate the number of deaths due to VHD.MethodsWe compared autopsy findings against premortem clinical information for 8198 consecutive adult postmortems (mean age 69.1 years, 61.3% men), performed in a single UK tertiary referral centre with on-site cardiac surgical facilities over a 10-year period (2004–2013) during which 21% of the adult population underwent postmortem examination.ResultsFollowing postmortem, VHD was the principal cause of death in 165 individuals (2.0%), a principal or contributory cause (‘any cause’) of death in 326 (4.0%) and an incidental (ie, non-causal) finding in a further 346 (4.2%). Clinical documentation of VHD before death was highly specific but relatively insensitive for postmortem identification of VHD as the principal (specificity 96.8%; 95% CI 96.4% to 97.2%; sensitivity 69.7%, 95% CI 62.1% to 76.6%) or any (specificity 98.1%; 95% CI 97.8% to 98.4%; sensitivity 68.4%, 95% CI 63.1% to 73.4%) cause of death. VHD (principally aortic stenosis, endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease) was newly noted at postmortem and listed as a cause of death in 142 individuals (1.7%).ConclusionsClinical information recorded premortem is highly specific but relatively insensitive for the cause of death established at autopsy. Population-based mortality statistics that depend on premortem clinical information are likely to routinely underestimate the mortality burden of VHD.
Preventing deaths and injuries from house fires: a cost–benefit analysis of a community-based smoke alarm installation programme
Authors: Yellman Merissa A , Peterson Cora , McCoy Mary A , Stephens-Stidham Shelli , Caton Emily , Barnard Jeffrey J , Padgett Ted O , Florence Curtis , Istre Gregory R 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundOperation Installation (OI), a community-based smoke alarm installation programme in Dallas, Texas, targets houses in high-risk urban census tracts. Residents of houses that received OI installation (or programme houses) had 68% fewer medically treated house fire injuries (non-fatal and fatal) compared with residents of non-programme houses over an average of 5.2 years of follow-up during an effectiveness evaluation conducted from 2001 to 2011.ObjectiveTo estimate the cost–benefit of OI.MethodsA mathematical model incorporated programme cost and effectiveness data as directly observed in OI. The estimated cost per smoke alarm installed was based on a retrospective analysis of OI expenditures from administrative records, 2006–2011. Injury incidence assumptions for a population that had the OI programme compared with the same population without the OI programme was based on the previous OI effectiveness study, 2001–2011. Unit costs for medical care and lost productivity associated with fire injuries were from a national public database.ResultsFrom a combined payers' perspective limited to direct programme and medical costs, the estimated incremental cost per fire injury averted through the OI installation programme was $128,800 (2013 US$). When a conservative estimate of lost productivity among victims was included, the incremental cost per fire injury averted was negative, suggesting long-term cost savings from the programme. The OI programme from 2001 to 2011 resulted in an estimated net savings of $3.8 million, or a $3.21 return on investment for every dollar spent on the programme using a societal cost perspective.ConclusionsCommunity smoke alarm installation programmes could be cost-beneficial in high-fire-risk neighbourhoods.
Incarceration and exposure to internally displaced persons camps associated with reproductive rights abuses among sex workers in northern Uganda
Authors: Erickson Margaret , Goldenberg Shira M , Akello Monica , Muzaaya Godfrey , Nguyen Paul , Birungi Josephine , Shannon Kate 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWhile female sex workers (FSWs) face a high burden of violence and criminalisation, coupled with low access to safe, non-coercive care, little is known about such experiences among FSWs in conflict-affected settings, particularly as they relate to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. We explored factors associated with lifetime abortions among FSWs in northern Uganda; and separately modelled the independent effect of lifetime exposures to incarceration and living in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps on coerced and unsafe abortions.MethodsAnalyses are based on a community-based cross-sectional research project in Gulu District, northern Uganda (2011–2012) with The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Gulu, FSWs, and other community organisations. We conducted questionnaires, sex worker/community-led outreach to sex work venues, and voluntary HIV testing by TASO.ResultsOf 400 FSWs, 62 had ever accessed an abortion. In a multivariable model, gendered violence, both childhood mistreatment/or abuse at home [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.99–3.90] and workplace violence by clients (AOR 3.57; 95% CI 1.31–9.72) were linked to increased experiences of abortion. Lifetime exposure to incarceration retained an independent effect on increased odds of coerced abortion (AOR 5.16; 95% CI 1.39–19.11), and living in IDP camps was positively associated with unsafe abortion (AOR 4.71; 95% CI 1.42–15.61).Discussion and conclusionsThese results suggest a critical need for removal of legal and social barriers to realising the SRH rights of all women, and ensuring safe, voluntary access to reproductive choice for marginalised and criminalised populations of FSWs.
A survey of intracranial aneurysm treatment practices among United States physicians
Authors: Fargen Kyle M , Soriano-Baron Hector E , Rushing Julia T , Mack William , Mocco J , Albuquerque Felipe , Ducruet Andrew F , Mokin Maxim , Linfante Italo , Wolfe Stacey Q , Wilson John A , Hirsch Joshua A 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundRecent surveys have failed to examine cerebrovascular aneurysm treatment practices among US physicians.ObjectiveTo survey physicians who are actively involved in the care of patients with cerebrovascular aneurysms to determine current aneurysm treatment preferences.MethodsA 25-question SurveyMonkey online survey was designed and distributed electronically to members of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology, and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Combined Cerebrovascular Section.Results211 physicians completed the survey. Most respondents recommend endovascular treatment as the first-line management strategy for most ruptured (78%) and unruptured (71%) aneurysms. Thirty-eight per cent of respondents indicate that they routinely treat all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage regardless of grade. Most physicians use the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms data for counseling patients on natural history risk (80%); a small minority (11%) always or usually recommend treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms of <5 mm. Two-thirds of respondents continue to recommend clipping for most middle cerebral artery aneurysms, while most (51%) recommend flow diversion for wide-necked internal carotid artery aneurysms. Follow-up imaging schedules are highly variable. Neurosurgeons at academic institutions and those practicing longer were more likely to recommend clipping surgery for aneurysms (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis survey demonstrates considerable variability in patient selection for intracranial aneurysm treatment, preferred treatment strategies, and follow-up imaging schedules among US physicians.
Block and boulder accumulations on the southern coast of Crete (Greece): evidence for the 365 CE tsunami in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Boulton Sarah J. , Whitworth Michael R. Z. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the most seismically active regions in Europe. Crete, located in the centre of the Eastern Mediterranean, should experience tsunamis resulting from large magnitude earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. At three locations, boulders were observed that may relate to tsunami or storm events. At Lakki, the size of the boulders slightly favours a tsunami origin for deposition. By contrast, at Kommos, boulder size and geomorphology are consistent with storm parameters in the Mediterranean. The most compelling evidence for tsunami transport is found at Diplomo Petris, where a lithologically varied grouping of large boulders (≤690 t) is exposed at sea level. The calculated storm wave heights (15 m) required to transport the observed boulders significantly exceeds winter averages: therefore, these accumulations are interpreted as tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon dating of encrusting biological material was undertaken to constrain periods of boulder motion. Encrustations from Diplomo Petris and Lakki predate the 365 CE earthquake, suggesting that this event transported the largest boulders; the first time that boulder deposits have been identified on Crete from this tsunami. Therefore, these data are important for developing local and regional hazard assessments but also to inform numerical models of tsunami propagation in the Mediterranean.
Evaluating the Privacy Guarantees of Location Proximity Services
Authors: Argyros George , Petsios Theofilos , Sivakorn Suphannee , Keromytis Angelos D. , Polakis Jason 
Published: February 2017

Location-based services have become an integral part of everyday life. To address the privacy issues that emerge from the use and sharing of location information, social networks and smartphone applications have adopted location proximity schemes as a means of balancing user privacy with utility. Unfortunately, despite the extensive academic literature on this topic, the schemes that large service providers have adopted are not always designed or implemented correctly, rendering users vulnerable to location-disclosure attacks. Such attacks have recently received major publicity as, in some cases, they even exposed citizens of oppressive regimes to life-threatening risks. In this article, we systematically assess the defenses that popular location-based services and mobile applications deploy to guard against adversaries seeking to identify a user’s location. We provide the theoretical foundations for formalizing the privacy guarantees of currently adopted proximity models, design practical attacks for each case, and prove tight bounds on the number of queries required for carrying out successful attacks in practice.
To evaluate the completeness of our approach, we conduct extensive experiments against popular services including Facebook, Foursquare, and Grindr. Our results demonstrate that, even though the aforementioned services implement various privacy-preserving techniques to protect their users, they are still vulnerable to attacks. In particular, we are able to pinpoint Facebook users within 5m of their exact location. For Foursquare and Grindr, users are pinpointed within 15m of their location in 90% of the cases, even with the strictest privacy settings enabled. Our attacks are highly efficient and complete within a few seconds. The severity of our findings was acknowledged by Facebook and Foursquare, both of which have followed our recommendations and adopted our design of a safe proximity scheme in their production systems. As the number of mobile applications offering location functionality will continue to increase, service providers and software developers must be able to assess the privacy guarantees that their services offer. To that end, we discuss viable defenses that can be currently adopted by all major services, and provide an open-source testing framework to be used by researchers and service providers who wish to evaluate the privacy-preserving properties of applications offering proximity functionality.
Two weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training, but not high-intensity interval training, increases insulin-stimulated intestinal glucose uptake
Authors: Motiani Kumail K. , Savolainen Anna M. , Eskelinen Jari-Joonas , Toivanen Jussi , Ishizu Tamiko , Yli-Karjanmaa Minna , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Parkkola Riitta , Kapanen Jukka , Grönroos Tove J. , Haaparanta-Solin Merja , Solin Olof , Savisto Nina , Ahotupa Markku , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Knuuti Juhani , Nuutila Pirjo , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Hannukainen Jarna C. 
Published: February 2017

Similar to muscles, the intestine is also insulin resistant in obese subjects and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Exercise training improves muscle insulin sensitivity, but its effects on intestinal metabolism are not known. We studied the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal glucose and free fatty acid uptake from circulation in humans. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged, sedentary men were randomized for 2 wk of HIIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting free fatty acid uptake from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography and [18F]FDG and [18F]FTHA. In addition, effects of HIIT and MICT on intestinal GLUT2 and CD36 protein expression were studied in rats. Training improved aerobic capacity ( P = 0.001) and whole body insulin sensitivity ( P = 0.04), but not differently between HIIT and MICT. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increased only after the MICT in the colon (HIIT = 0%; MICT = 37%) ( P = 0.02 for time × training) and tended to increase in the jejunum (HIIT = −4%; MICT = 13%) ( P = 0.08 for time × training). Fasting free fatty acid uptake decreased in the duodenum in both groups (HIIT = −6%; MICT = −48%) ( P = 0.001 time) and tended to decrease in the colon in the MICT group (HIIT = 0%; MICT = −38%) ( P = 0.08 for time × training). In rats, both training groups had higher GLUT2 and CD36 expression compared with control animals. This study shows that already 2 wk of MICT enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while both training modes reduce fasting free fatty acid uptake in the intestine in healthy, middle-aged men, providing an additional mechanism by which exercise training can improve whole body metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study where the effects of exercise training on the intestinal substrate uptake have been investigated using the most advanced techniques available. We also show the importance of exercise intensity in inducing these changes.
Exercise-induced upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in human skeletal muscle and number of circulating cells with remodeling properties
Authors: Strömberg Anna , Rullman Eric , Jansson Eva , Gustafsson Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Multipotent cells have received great interest because of their potential capacity to repair and remodel peripheral tissues. We examined the effect of an acute exercise bout on the number of circulating cells with known remodeling properties and the level of factors in plasma and skeletal muscle tissue with potential to recruit these cells. Twenty healthy male subjects performed a 60-min cycling exercise. Blood samples for flow cytometry were drawn from 10 subjects ( group 1) before and up to 2 h after exercise, and absolute cell counts of the classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) monocyte (MO) subpopulations and of CD45dimCD34+VEGFR2+endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured by bead-based determination. Plasma samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from the other 10 subjects ( group 2). In group 1, all MO subsets were increased directly after exercise, with CD14+CD16++MOs showing the greatest fold increase. After 2 h, only CD14++CD16−MOs were increased compared with resting levels. The number of EPCs showed a trend toward increasing with exercise ( P = 0.08). In group 2, the mRNA levels of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin increased in the skeletal muscle tissue. VEGF-A increased in exercised skeletal muscle and stimulated the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, exercise increases MO subsets with different temporal patterns and enhances the capacity of skeletal muscle tissue to recruit circulating cells as shown by increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study we showed for the first time that the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, known to be able to recruit circulating cells to the peripheral tissue, increased in exercised human skeletal muscle concurrently with increased circulating levels of cells shown to have importance for skeletal muscle remodeling. These findings support the concept of cell recruitment from the circulation playing a role in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.