bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size makes a difference: Chiral recognition in complexes of fenchone with cyclodextrins studied by means of NMR titration
Authors: Dudzik Karolina , Wojcik Jacek , Ejchart Andrzej , Nowakowski Michał 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGibbs energies of complex formation between enantiomers of bicyclic terpenoid, fenchone, and naturally occurring cyclodextrins, βCD and γCD, were determined by means of13C and1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration data. These results were compared with the corresponding data obtained previously for the diastereomeric fenchone/αCD complexes. The size of the inner cavity of host molecules significantly influences stoichiometry, association constants, and enantiomeric differentiation of the studied complexes. These complementary data allow us to discuss qualitatively the influence of the host size on the guest–host interactions. A method of the simultaneous use of titration data collected for several resonances of different isotopes in the determination of association constants was worked out and thoroughly analyzed. Comparison of the results of global data analyses with weighted means of individual ones revealed that both these approaches are equally trustworthy.
Structure and development of the subesophageal zone of the Drosophila brain. II. Sensory compartments
Authors: Kendroud Sarah , Bohra Ali A. , Kuert Philipp A. , Nguyen Bao , Guillermin Oriane , Sprecher Simon G. , Reichert Heinrich , VijayRaghavan Krishnaswamy , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe subesophageal zone (SEZ) of the Drosophila brain processes mechanosensory and gustatory sensory input from sensilla located on the head, mouth cavity and trunk. Motor output from the SEZ directly controls the movements involved in feeding behavior. In an accompanying paper (Hartenstein et al., ), we analyzed the systems of fiber tracts and secondary lineages to establish reliable criteria for defining boundaries between the four neuromeres of the SEZ, as well as discrete longitudinal neuropil domains within each SEZ neuromere. Here we use this anatomical framework to systematically map the sensory projections entering the SEZ throughout development. Our findings show continuity between larval and adult sensory neuropils. Gustatory axons from internal and external taste sensilla of the larva and adult form two closely related sensory projections, (a) the anterior central sensory center located deep in the ventromedial neuropil of the tritocerebrum and mandibular neuromere, and (b) the anterior ventral sensory center (AVSC), occupying a superficial layer within the ventromedial tritocerebrum. Additional, presumed mechanosensory terminal axons entering via the labial nerve define the ventromedial sensory center (VMSC) in the maxilla and labium. Mechanosensory afferents of the massive array of chordotonal organs (Johnston's organ) of the adult antenna project into the centrolateral neuropil column of the anterior SEZ, creating the antenno‐mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC). Dendritic projections of dye back‐filled motor neurons extend throughout a ventral layer of the SEZ, overlapping widely with the AVSC and VMSC. Our findings elucidate fundamental structural aspects of the developing sensory systems in Drosophila.
The physiological motor patterns produced by neurons in the nucleus retroambiguus in the rat and their modulation by vagal, peripheral chemosensory, and nociceptive stimulation
Authors: Subramanian Hari H. , Huang Zheng‐Gui , Silburn Peter A. , Balnave Ron J. , Holstege Gert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) is a neuronal cell group in the medullary ventrolateral tegmentum, rostrocaudally between the obex and the first cervical spinal segment. NRA neurons are premotor interneurons with direct projections to the motoneurons of soft palate, pharynx, and larynx in the nucleus ambiguus in the lateral medulla as well as to the motoneurons in the spinal cord innervating diaphragm, abdominal, and pelvic floor muscles and the lumbosacral motoneurons generating sexual posture. These NRA premotor interneurons receive very strong projections from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the context of basic survival mechanisms as fight, flight, freezing, sound production, and sexual behavior. In the present study in rat we investigated the physiological motor patterns generated by NRA neurons, as the result of vagal, peripheral chemosensory, and nociceptive stimulation. The results show that the NRA contains phasic respiratory modulated neurons, as well as nonphasic tonically modulated neurons. Stimulation in the various rostrocaudal levels of the NRA generates site‐specific laryngeal, respiratory, abdominal, and pelvic floor motor activities. Vagal and peripheral chemosensory stimulation induces both excitatory and inhibitory modulation of phasic NRA‐neurons, while peripheral chemosensory and nociceptive stimulation causes excitation and inhibition of nonphasic NRA‐neurons. These results are in agreement with the concept that the NRA represents a multifunctional group of neurons involved in the output of the emotional motor system, such as vomiting, vocalization, mating, and changes in respiration.
Thorny ganglion cells in marmoset retina: Morphological and neurochemical characterization with antibodies against calretinin
Authors: Chandra Ashleigh J. , Lee Sammy C. S. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn primates, over 17 morphological types of retinal ganglion cell have been distinguished by their dendritic morphology and stratification, but reliable markers for specific ganglion cell populations are still rare. The calcium binding protein calretinin is known to be expressed in the inner nuclear and the ganglion cell layer of marmoset retina, however, the specific cell type(s) expressing calretinin in the ganglion cell layer are yet to be determined. Here, we identified calretinin positive retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Double labeling with the ganglion cell marker RBPMS demonstrated that the large majority (80%) of the calretinin positive cells in the ganglion cell layer are ganglion cells, and 20% are displaced amacrine cells. The calretinin positive ganglion cells made up on average 12% of the total ganglion cell population outside of the foveal region and their proportion increased with eccentricity. Prelabeling with antibodies against calretinin and subsequent intracellular injection with DiI revealed that the large majority of the injected cells (n = 74) were either narrow thorny or broad thorny ganglion cells, 14 cells were displaced amacrine cells. Narrow thorny cells were further distinguished into outer and inner stratifying cells. In addition, weakly labeled cells with a large soma were identified as parasol ganglion cells. Our results show that three types of thorny ganglion cells in marmoset retina can be identified with antibodies against calretinin. Our findings are also consistent with the idea that the proportion of wide‐field ganglion cell types increases in peripheral retina.
Quantum Chemical Modeling of Homogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Liao Rong‐Zhen , Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe design of efficient and robust water oxidation catalysts has proven challenging in the development of artificial photosynthetic systems for solar energy harnessing and storage. Tremendous progress has been made in the development of homogeneous transition‐metal complexes capable of mediating water oxidation. To improve the efficiency of the catalyst and to design new catalysts, a detailed mechanistic understanding is necessary. Quantum chemical modeling calculations have been successfully used to complement the experimental techniques to suggest a catalytic mechanism and identify all stationary points, including transition states for both O−O bond formation and O2 release. In this review, recent progress in the applications of quantum chemical methods for the modeling of homogeneous water oxidation catalysis, covering various transition metals, including manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, and iridium, is discussed.
Optimization of Photoanodes for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Combining a Heterogenized Iridium Water‐Oxidation Catalyst with a High‐Potential Porphyrin Photosensitizer
Authors: Materna Kelly L. , Jiang Jianbing , Regan Kevin P. , Schmuttenmaer Charles A. , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of water‐splitting dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells has gained interest owing to their ability to generate renewable fuels from solar energy. In this study, photoanodes were assembled from a SnO2 film sensitized with a combination of a high‐potential CF3‐substituted porphyrin dye with a tetrahydropyranyl‐protected hydroxamic acid surface‐anchoring group and a Cp*Ir (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) water‐oxidation catalyst containing a silatrane anchoring group. The dye/catalyst ratios were varied from 2:1 to 32:1 to optimize the photocatalytic water oxidation. Photoelectrochemical measurements showed not only more stable and reproducible photocurrents for lower dye/catalyst ratios but also improved photostability. O2 production was confirmed in real time over a 20 h period with a Clark electrode. Photoanodes prepared from 2:1 and 8:1 dye/catalyst sensitization solutions provided the most active electrodes for photocatalytic water oxidation and performed approximately 30–35 turnovers in 20 h.
67‐90 GHz broadband power detector with 3 GHz output bandwidth for on‐chip test of millimeter‐wave circuits
Authors: del Rio David , Gurutzeaga Iñaki , Rezola Ainhoa , Velez Igone , Berenguer Roc 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper presents the design of a compact and wide bandwidth millimeter‐wave power detector, integrated at the output of an E‐band power amplifier and implemented in a 55‐nm SiGe BiCMOS process. It is based on a nonlinear PMOS detector core, and its measured output voltage tracks the output power of the PA from 67 to 90 GHz. It provides an insertion loss lower than 0.2 dB, and its responsivity can be tuned between 8 and 17 V/W. The output bandwidth is bigger than 3 GHz, which allows built‐in self‐test when transmitting multigigabit millimeter‐wave signals.
A new mouse line for cell ablation by diphtheria toxin subunit A controlled by a Cre‐dependent FLEx switch
Authors: Plummer Nicholas W. , Ungewitter Erica K. , Smith Kathleen G. , Yao Humphrey H.‐C. , Jensen Patricia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecombinase responsive mouse lines expressing diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) are well established tools for targeted ablation of genetically defined cell populations. Here we describe a new knock‐in allele at the Gt(Rosa)26Sor locus that retains the best features of previously described DTA alleles—including a CAG promoter, attenuated mutant DTA cDNA, and ubiquitous EGFP labeling—with the addition of a Cre‐dependent FLEx switch for tight control of expression. The FLEx switch consists of two pairs of antiparallel lox sites requiring Cre‐mediated recombination for inversion of the DTA to the proper orientation for transcription. We demonstrate its utility by Cre‐dependent ablation of both a broad domain in the embryonic nervous system and a discrete population of cells in the fetal gonads. We conclude that this new DTA line is useful for targeted ablation of genetically‐defined cell populations.
Efficient isolation method for high‐quality genomic DNA from cicada exuviae
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Quynh , Kim Ye Inn , Borzée Amaël , Jang Yikweon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent years, animal ethics issues have led researchers to explore nondestructive methods to access materials for genetic studies. Cicada exuviae are among those materials because they are cast skins that individuals left after molt and are easily collected. In this study, we aim to identify the most efficient extraction method to obtain high quantity and quality of DNA from cicada exuviae. We compared relative DNA yield and purity of six extraction protocols, including both manual protocols and available commercial kits, extracting from four different exoskeleton parts. Furthermore, amplification and sequencing of genomic DNA were evaluated in terms of availability of sequencing sequence at the expected genomic size. Both the choice of protocol and exuvia part significantly affected DNA yield and purity. Only samples that were extracted using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation kit generated gel bands of expected size as well as successful sequencing results. The failed attempts to extract DNA using other protocols could be partially explained by a low DNA yield from cicada exuviae and partly by contamination with humic acids that exist in the soil where cicada nymphs reside before emergence, as shown by spectroscopic measurements. Genomic DNA extracted from cicada exuviae could provide valuable information for species identification, allowing the investigation of genetic diversity across consecutive broods, or spatiotemporal variation among various populations. Consequently, we hope to provide a simple method to acquire pure genomic DNA applicable for multiple research purposes.
The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes
Authors: Iqbal Yeshim , Bilali Rezarta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcknowledgement of responsibility for in‐group harmdoing is considered a precondition for reconciliation. However, we know little about its impact on victim groups. Using a mixed methods approach, in two studies in Bangladesh we examined the role of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. Study 1 used an open‐ended survey to assess Bangladeshis' perceptions about acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for the mass violence committed by the Pakistani army on Bangladeshis during the 1971 war. Study 2 experimentally examined the effects and the potential mechanisms (emotional reactions, perceived injustice, and relative power) through which acknowledgement and denial of responsibility impact two intergroup outcomes: out‐group animosity and willingness for contact. Both studies demonstrated the importance of anger and perceived injustice as mediators of the effects of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. We draw implications for theory and for strategies to address past victimization across different contexts of conflict.
What's in an accent? General spontaneous biases against nonnative accents: An investigation with conceptual and auditory IATs
Authors: Roessel Janin , Schoel Christiane , Stahlberg Dagmar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNonnative accents are prevalent in our globalized world and constitute highly salient cues in social perception. Whereas previous literature has commonly assumed that they cue specific social group stereotypes, we propose that nonnative accents generally trigger spontaneous negatively biased associations (due to a general nonnative accent category and perceptual influences). Accordingly, Study 1 demonstrates negative biases with conceptual IATs, targeting the general concepts of accent versus native speech, on the dimensions affect, trust, and competence, but not on sociability. Study 2 attests to negative, largely enhanced biases on all dimensions with auditory IATs comprising matched native–nonnative speaker pairs for four accent types. Biases emerged irrespective of the accent types that differed in attractiveness, recognizability of origin, and origin‐linked national associations. Study 3 replicates general IAT biases with an affect IAT and a conventional evaluative IAT. These findings corroborate our hypotheses and assist in understanding general negativity toward nonnative accents.
Using the size and position of drumlins to understand how they grow, interact and evolve
Authors: Ely Jeremy C. , Clark Chris D. , Spagnolo Matteo , Hughes Anna L.C. , Stokes Chris R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrumlins are subglacial bedforms streamlined in the direction of ice flow. Common in deglaciated landscapes, they have been widely studied providing rich information on their internal geology, size, shape, and spacing. In contrast with bedform investigations elsewhere in geomorphology (aeolian and fluvial dunes and ripples for example) most drumlin studies derive observations from relict, and thus static features. This has made it difficult to gain information and insights about their evolution over time, which likely hampers our understanding of the process(es) of drumlin formation. Here we take a morphological approach, studying drumlin size and spacing metrics. Unlike previous studies which have focussed on databases derived from entire ice sheet beds, we adopt a space‐for‐time substitution approach using individual drumlin flow‐sets distributed in space as proxies for different development times/periods. Framed and assisted by insights from aeolian and fluvial geomorphology, we use our metric data to explore possible scenarios of drumlin growth, evolution and interaction. We study the metrics of the size and spacing of 36 222 drumlins, distributed amongst 71 flow‐sets, left behind by the former British‐Irish Ice Sheet, and ask whether behaviour common to other bedform phenomena can be derived through statistical analysis. Through characterizing and analysing the shape of the probability distribution functions of size and spacing metrics for each flow‐set we argue that drumlins grow, and potentially migrate, as they evolve leading to pattern coarsening. Furthermore, our findings add support to the notion that no upper limit to drumlin size exists, and to the idea that perpetual coarsening could occur if given sufficient time. We propose that the framework of process and patterning commonly applied to non‐glacial bedforms is potentially powerful for understanding drumlin formation and for deciphering glacial landscapes. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Wave transformation across a macrotidal shore platform under low to moderate energy conditions
Authors: Stephenson Wayne J. , Naylor Larissa A. , Smith Helen , Chen Bin , Brayne Ralph P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigate how waves are transformed across a shore platform as this is a central question in rock coast geomorphology. We present results from deployment of three pressure transducers over four days, across a sloping, wide (~200 m) cliff‐backed shore platform in a macrotidal setting, in South Wales, United Kingdom. Cross‐shore variations in wave heights were evident under the predominantly low to moderate (significant wave height < 1.4 m) energy conditions measured. At the outer transducer 50 m from the seaward edge of the platform (163 m from the cliff) high tide water depths were 8+ m meaning that waves crossed the shore platform without breaking. At the mid‐platform position water depth was 5 m. Water depth at the inner transducer (6 m from the cliff platform junction) at high tide was 1.4 m. This shallow water depth forced wave breaking, thereby limiting wave heights on the inner platform. Maximum wave height at the middle and inner transducers were 2.41 and 2.39 m, respectively, and significant wave height 1.35 m and 1.34 m, respectively. Inner platform high tide wave heights were generally larger where energy was up to 335% greater than near the seaward edge where waves were smaller. Infragravity energy was less than 13% of the total energy spectra with energy in the swell, wind and capillary frequencies accounting for 87% of the total energy. Wave transformation is thus spatially variable and is strongly modulated by platform elevation and the tidal range. While shore platforms in microtidal environments have been shown to be highly dissipative, in this macro‐tidal setting up to 90% of the offshore wave energy reached the landward cliff at high tide, so that the shore platform cliff is much more reflective. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient active offloading with collaboration communication and power allocations for heterogeneous ultradense networks
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Yuan Chunjing , Li Jianhui , Tao Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFor the booming capacity requirements for the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) to be supported, heterogeneous ultradense network (H‐UDN) is believed as a promising solution. The corresponding standardization and filed deployments of H‐UDN have been conducted. But the lower energy efficiency and severer interferences caused by densely deployed base stations (BSs) are still the 2 main obstacles for H‐UDNs. This paper addresses on above challenges and proposes active green offloading (AGO) strategy with collaboration communications to improve the system energy efficiency and decrease interferences. We propose the auction theory–based AGO for energy efficient objectives, which provides flexible user associations for H‐UDNs. Furthermore, aiming to guarantee the offloaded user performances and decrease interferences, we explore the collaboration communications with introducing the strongest interfering BS into the coordinated transmission BS set. This will change the interference signal into useful signal and then decreases interferences. Moreover, we introduce the supermodel game–based power allocation for further improvements of system energy efficiency after collaboration communications. Simulation results evaluate the 3‐stage improvements of system energy efficiency achieved by AGO, collaboration communications, and power allocation separately, which proves the benefits of AGO in H‐UDNs.
Oxidation behavior of carbon steel in simulated kerosene combustion atmosphere: A valuable tool for fire investigations
Authors: Xie Dongbai , Shan Guo , Lv Shilei 
Published: September 2017

SummaryFire investigations aim to establish the origin and cause of fires by collecting and analyzing the comprehensive fire‐related evidences. Metallic materials exposed to the fire scene environments are usually subjected to melting and/or high‐temperature oxidation, and they have been considered vital parameters for temperature determination, as recommended in NFPA 921. The oxide characteristics obtained from the conventional fire investigations primarily rely on simple visual observations such as the variations in oxide color, the so‐called “oxidation patterns.” However, such information is not sufficiently convincing due to the complex nature of oxides formed in the fire scene. The oxide color is strongly affected by the type of oxide, the oxide thickness, the concentration of contaminant, and the interactions among different oxides. In this study, Q235 structural steel samples have been exposed to high‐temperature air and simulated kerosene combustion conditions at certain temperatures and for indicated periods. The oxidation rate was examined by thermogravimetric analysis. The morphologies and microstructures of the oxide scales were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffractions. The results show that the oxide properties are strongly dependent on the oxidation temperature and oxidation atmospheres. These oxidation behaviors are expected to provide useful information on identifying fire characteristics.