bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The counter hegemonic discourse of human rights in the Bolivarian Revolution
Authors: Betencourt Rafael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article analyses the human rights discourse of the Bolivarian government as a means of establishing a counter-hegemonic position in international politics. It seeks to explain how the politicization of human rights in the Bolivarian Revolution reveals a conflict regarding the moral legitimacy of the manifestation of power and a social model. This discourse adheres to the ideological paradigms of the revolution, which can only be understood through a knowledge of the history of Venezuelan society. On the basis of this analysis it is possible to understand the polarization caused by the Bolivarian political venture: on the one hand, the capitalist neo-liberal democracy; and on the other, the democratic radicalism of Venezuelan socialism. In view of this, the language of human rights has often become an ideological tool, that in each case is representative of two distinct ideological models.
Mitochondrial mass and activity as a function of body composition in individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: O'Brien Laura C. , Wade Rodney C. , Segal Liron , Chen Qun , Savas Jeannie , Lesnefsky Edward J. , Gorgey Ashraf S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by deterioration in body composition and severe muscle atrophy. These changes put individuals at risk for insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. To determine the relationships between skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass, activity, and body composition, 22 men with motor complete SCI were studied. Body composition assessment was performed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and complex III (CIII) activity. CS activity was inversely related to %body fat (r = −0.57, P = 0.013), %leg fat (r = −0.52, P = 0.027), %trunk fat (r = −0.54, P = 0.020), and %android fat (r = −0.54, P = 0.017). CIII activity was negatively related to %body fat (r = −0.58, P = 0.022) and %leg fat (r = −0.54, P = 0.037). Increased visceral adipose tissue was associated with decreased CS and CIII activity (r = −0.66, P = 0.004; r = −0.60, P = 0.022). Thigh intramuscular fat was also inversely related to both CS and CIII activity (r = −0.56, P = 0.026; r = −0.60, P = 0.024). Conversely, lean mass (r = 0.75, P = 0.0003; r = 0.65, P = 0.008) and thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; r = 0.82, P = 0.0001; r = 0.84; P = 0.0001) were positively related to mitochondrial parameters. When normalized to thigh muscle CSA, many body composition measurements remained related to CS and CIII activity, suggesting that %fat and lean mass may predict mitochondrial mass and activity independent of muscle size. Finally, individuals with SCI over age 40 had decreased CS and CIII activity (P = 0.009; P = 0.004), suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial health with advanced age. Collectively, these findings suggest that an increase in adipose tissue and decrease in lean mass results in decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in individuals with chronic SCI.
Can Catastrophic Long-Term Care Insurance Policies Increase Private Insurance Coverage and Reduce Medicaid Expenditure?
Authors: Ma Guoxuan , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Using an inter-temporal optimization model of long-term care insurance purchase decisions, we evaluate catastrophic long-term care insurance policies that cover the tail risk of long-term care costs at affordable premiums. Under our baseline model, we show theoretically that introducing catastrophic policies will induce 11 percent of middle-income men and 3 percent of middle-income women to initiate private insurance coverage. As a result, Medicaid costs will be reduced by 0.20 percent and 0.19 percent for men and women, respectively.
Assessment of EGFR mutation status using cell-free DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Park Sojung , Hur Jae Young , Lee Kye Young , Lee Jae Cheol , Rho Jin Kyung , Shin Sun Hwa , Choi Chang-Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Much attention has been focused on epidermal growth factor receptor (Methods:From 20 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, we isolated cfDNA from 20 samples of cell-free BAL fluid and 19 cell-free bronchial washing samples. cfDNA was examined forResults:We included 17 patients with advanced stage disease and three with non-advanced stage disease. Tumor biopsy detectedConclusions:cfDNA from BAL fluid could be used for molecular testing of
Entrenchment and persistence in language change: the Spanish past subjunctive
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte , Schwenter Scott A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that, like frequency, morphosyntactic persistence can have a conserving effect on language change. To substantiate this claim, we analyze the alternation between the Spanish past subjunctive forms ending in –ra and –se (as in comiera and comiese ‘had eaten’). Due to the ongoing replacement of –se by –ra, persistence and frequency are the best predictors of the alternation in our data. First, the persistence effect of a prior –se is significantly greater than the persistence effect of a prior –ra. Second, although –se is basically restricted to third person singular morphology in contexts without persistence, when primed by –se this restriction is drastically reduced. Our results also shed light on the relationship between frequency and persistence in language change. Although both result in conservation, the conserving effect of frequency causes irregularity such as the paradigmatic atrophy of Spanish –se forms. In contrast, persistence can temporarily re-establish paradigmatic regularity and consequently strengthen the cognitive representation of obsolescing constructions. However, this resuscitating effect of persistence appears to be restricted to low-frequency –se forms; because they are generally more entrenched, the activation of high-frequency –se forms relies less on persistence effects.
Strukturen der Identität und des Selbstverständnisses von Personen
Authors: Crone Katja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article explores how persons conceive of themselves as individuals. Often, they attribute personality traits to themselves which they exemplify or justify by reference to former life episodes. According to dominant narrative approaches, this biographical self-understanding is entirely constituted by so-called “self-narratives,” that is, the way in which persons construct stories about themselves and their lives. Against this line of thought, it will be argued that the self-understanding of persons is not only characterized by narrative structures but also by certain phenomenal as well as invariant features. This will be shown by analysing a non-narrative sense of self-identity across time, which necessarily grounds biographical self-understanding.
Licht und Schatten der Begriffe
Authors: Bonnemann Jens 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
When we regard Adorno’s philosophy against the background of the current controversy between constructivism and realism, his philosophy cannot be attributed to either side. In contrast to realism, an object is constituted by a concept; on the other hand, in contrast to constructivism, Adorno also considers a concept, in turn, to be constituted by the object. Comparing Adorno to Merleau-Ponty reveals that neither philosopher considers that the knowledge of an object can be gleaned from the subject’s unilateral constitution, but is based rather on reciprocity which becomes possible through the subject’s corporeality. Thus Adorno’s epistemology hints towards a way out of the inferentialistic immanence correlation of concepts, which avoids the myth of the given.
Adorno über Kant und das Verhältnis von Ästhetik und Metaphysik
Authors: Marino Stefano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article I inquire into the interpretation of Kant’s philosophy provided by Theodor W. Adorno. In particular, I move from a few key concepts of his philosophy (dialectics, aesthetics, non-identity, transcendence, appearance, truth, hope, utopia) and attempt to show that such a conceptual constellation testifies to how much Adorno was theoretically indebted to theCritique of Pure Reasonand theCritique of the Power of Judgment.Specifically, Kant’s conception of aesthetics and dialectics is crucial to Adorno’s conception of those same concepts and problems.
Flüchtlinge als Gäste in Not
Authors: Waldenfels Bernhard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The situation of refugees is questioned from the perspective of a phenomenology of the stranger, focusing on the arrival of refugees fleeing from persecution. Taking up Levinas’s ethics of the Other and Derrida’s reflections on hospitality, it will be argued that the un-conditional demand of the Other has to be taken as something arising here and now, exceeding the concrete conditions. Various issues are discussed such as registration in relation to the immigrant’s singularity, the transitional state of waiting, and integration as a process. This leads to a responsive sort of politics.
Quasi-uniform Space
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this article, using mostly Pervin [9], Kunzi [6], [8], [7], Williams [11] and Bourbaki [3] works, we formalize in Mizar [2] the notions of quasiuniform space, semi-uniform space and locally uniform space.
We define the topology induced by a quasi-uniform space. Finally we formalize from the sets of the form ((X \ Ω) × X) ∪ (X × Ω), the Csaszar-Pervin quasi-uniform space induced by a topological space.
Process intensification for continuous synthesis of performic acid using Corning advanced-flow reactors
Authors: Gaikwad Shekar M. , Jolhe Prashant D. , Bhanvase Bharat A. , Kulkarni Abhijeet , Patil Vilas S. , Pimplapure Makarand S. , Suranani Srinath , Potoroko Irina , Sonawane Shirish H. , Sonawane Shriram S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The present paper reports the experimental details for the synthesis of performic acid (PFA) using Corning advanced-flow reactors (AFRs) using formic acid and H2O2 as reactants, and sulfuric acid as homogeneous catalyst. The effect of different operating parameters on PFA concentration such as reactant flow rates (residence time), temperature, reactant and catalyst concentration were studied. The experimental results indicate that the heart-shaped pellet structure in AFR provides better mixing, and hence more conversion with less residence time achieved. Moreover, AFR technology offers the possibility to conduct chemical reactions in a more sustainable way due to miniaturization and increased safety. Reactions show optimum results at 30°C with a feed flow rate of 80 ml/h in the presence of 1 w/w % H2SO4 as catalyst. The optimized results demonstrated the capability of AFR technology for enhancement in the formation of PFA (time equal to 1 min) with high conversion (95.85%). Further, it has been found that the concentration of PFA was reached at maximum value within 1 min of time. Therefore, the production of PFA is very fast in a microreactor, which saves our time and energy and in turn it saves the environment on fuel requirement and therefore this process is green.
Occurrence of endoparasites in Ramphastidae (Aves: Piciformes) in São Paulo Zoo
Authors: Fernandes Chagas C. R. , Lima Gonzalez I. H. , Borges Salgado P. A. , Grosse Rossi Ontivero C. R. , Locosque Ramos P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRamphastidae (Aves: Piciformes) are animals recognized for their exuberant colours and long bill, with distribution range from south Mexico to north Argentina. They are important seed dispersers eating little vertebrates eventually. When in captivity, animals usually live in limited spaces, with high density and near by species that do not share a evolution history, facilitating the occurrence of infectious diseases for what they may not have a competent immune system against, including the parasitic ones. This study analyzed the endoparasites that occur in captive Ramphastidae at São Paulo Zoo in the period January 2009 to September 2011. Seven species of toucans and toucanets had parasitological results positive for Trichuridae nematodes, Eimeria sp., Giardia sp., non sporulated coccidian oocists and unidentified nematode eggs, and microfilarie was the only hemoparasite found.
Mathematical Modeling on Deformation Behavior of Solidified Shell in Continuous Slab Casting with Soft Reduction
Authors: Cheng Changgui , Zhang Feng , Li Yang , Chen Ying , Jin Yan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBased on the calculation results of the two-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model for continuous slab casting with soft reduction process, a coupled thermo-elastic-plastic mathematical model has been developed to study the effects of the reduction amount and solid phase fraction in slab centerline on the deformation behavior of solidification shell in this paper. The calculated results show that the displacement along thickness direction of slab changes little in width center region of slab when the reduction amount keeps constant, then it increases and a peak of displacement appears in 0.075 m whose distance is far from the slab narrow face, finally, it decreases severely near the narrow face of slab. When the solid phase fraction is the same, the displacement of solidification shell toward to the width and thickness direction of slab increases with the increasing of reduction amount. When the solid phase fraction is 0.3, the reduction amount in reduction subzone is 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm, respectively, the effective reduction efficiency decreases from 0.463 to 0.436. When the total reduction amount is 5 mm, the solid phase fraction varies from 0.3 to 0.7, the accumulated displacement of solidification front increases from 0.238 mm to 0.805 mm, the reduction efficiency decreases from 0.46 to 0.32.
On Stratified Adjusted Tests by Binomial Trials
Authors: Shimokawa Asanao , Miyaoka Etsuo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo estimate or test the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials, it is important to adjust for the potential influence of covariates that are likely to affect the association between the treatment or control group and the response. If these covariates are known at the start of the trial, random assignment of the treatment within each stratum would be considered. On the other hand, if these covariates are not clear at the start of the trial, or if it is difficult to allocate the treatment within each stratum, completely randomized assignment of the treatment would be performed. In both sampling structures, the use of a stratified adjusted test is a useful way to evaluate the significance of the overall treatment effect by reducing the variance and/or bias of the result. If the trial has a binary endpoint, the Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel tests are generally used. These tests are constructed based on the assumption that the number of patients within a stratum is fixed. However, in practice, the stratum sizes are not fixed at the start of the trial in many situations, and are instead allowed to vary. Therefore, there is a risk that using these tests under such situations would result in an error in the estimated variation of the test statistics. To handle the problem, we propose new test statistics under both sampling structures based on multinomial distributions. Our proposed approach is based on the Cochran test, and the difference between the two tests tends to have similar values in the case of a large number of patients. When the total number of patients is small, our approach yields a more conservative result. Through simulation studies, we show that the new approach could correctly maintain the type I error better than the traditional approach.
High frequent total station measurements for the monitoring of bridge vibrations
Authors: Lienhart Werner , Ehrhart Matthias , Grick Magdalena 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Robotic total stations (RTS) are frequently used for the measurement of temperature induced bridge deformations or during load testing of bridges. In experimental setups, total stations have also been used for the measurement of dynamic bridge deformations. However, with standard configurations the measurement rate is not constant and on average an update rate of 7–10Hz can be achieved. This is not sufficient for the vibration monitoring of bridges considering their natural frequencies which are also in the same range. In this paper, we present different approaches to overcome these problems. In the first two approaches we demonstrate how the measurement rate to prisms can be increased to 20Hz to determine vertical deformations of bridges. Critical aspects like the measurement resolution of the automated target tracking and the correct sequence of steering commands are discussed. In another approach we demonstrate how vertical bridge vibrations can be measured using an image assisted total station (IATS) and corresponding processing techniques. The advantage of image-based methods is that structural features of a bridge like bolts can be used as targets. Therefore, no expensive prisms have to be mounted and access to the bridge is not required. All approaches are verified by laboratory investigations and their suitability is proven in a field experiment on a 74m long footbridge. In this field experiment the natural frequencies derived from the total station measurements are compared to the results of accelerometer measurements.
Choosing the optimal number of B-spline control points (Part 2: Approximation of surfaces and applications)
Authors: Harmening Corinna , Neuner Hans 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Freeform surfaces like B-splines have proven to be a suitable tool to model laser scanner point clouds and to form the basis for an areal data analysis, for example an areal deformation analysis.
A variety of parameters determine the B-spline's appearance, the B-spline's complexity being mostly determined by the number of control points. Usually, this parameter type is chosen by intuitive trial-and-error-procedures.
In [10] the problem of finding an alternative to these trial-and-error-procedures was addressed for the case of B-spline curves: The task of choosing the optimal number of control points was interpreted as a model selection problem. Two model selection criteria, the Akaike and the Bayesian Information Criterion, were used to identify the B-spline curve with the optimal number of control points from a set of candidate B-spline models. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the information criteria, an alternative approach based on statistical learning theory was developed. The criteria were evaluated by means of simulated data sets.
The present paper continues these investigations. If necessary, the methods proposed in [10] are extended to areal approaches so that they can be used to determine the optimal number of B-spline surface control points. Furthermore, the methods are evaluated by means of real laser scanner data sets rather than by simulated ones.
The application of those methods to B-spline surfaces reveals the datum problem of those surfaces, meaning that location and number of control points of two B-splines surfaces are only comparable if they are based on the same parameterization. First investigations to solve this problem are presented.
Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice
Authors: Laamech Jawhar , El-Hilaly Jaouad , Fetoui Hamadi , Chtourou Yassine , Gouitaa Hanane , Tahraoui Adel , Lyoussi Badiaa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background

Berberis vulgaris L. (BV), commonly known as “Aghriss” in Moroccan pharmacopoeia, is used to cure liver disorders and other diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of BV aqueous extract against lead-induced toxicity in mice liver.

Methods
Sixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.

Results
Toxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.

Conclusions
BV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.
Naturopaths in Ontario, Canada: geographic patterns in intermediately-sized metropolitan areas and integration implications
Authors: Meyer Stephen P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Evaluating conventional medicine (CM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with respect to integration opportunities (such as patient referrals and professional knowledge sharing) and possible geographic implications is novel. This research utilizes nearest neighbour and local spatial autocorrelation statistical analyses and surveys directed towards Doctors of Naturopathic Medicine (NDs) and their patients to better understand the geographic patterns of NDs and potential integration qualities. While the statistical tests reveal that the offices of NDs and Doctors of Medicine (MDs) display clustered patterns in intermediately-sized census metropolitan areas in Ontario and that the majority of NDs are near MDs, proximity is not manifesting in discernible integration tendencies between NDs and MDs. The NDs polled were strongly in favour of greater integration with the CM sector (as were their patients) to: achieve better patient health outcomes and to gain efficiencies within the health care system. Yet, both surveys also indicate that the barriers to integration are substantial and, generally speaking, centre on the perception that many MDs lack respect for, and/or knowledge about, naturopathic approaches. It is speculated that as students in conventional medical schools are increasingly exposed to CAM approaches, perhaps more MDs in the future will be receptive to greater integration with CAM. Should this occur, then it is also possible that geographic proximity may be a catalyst for deeper CAM-CM integration; as it has been for CAM–CAM relationships.
Pressure-robust analysis of divergence-free and conforming FEM for evolutionary incompressible Navier–Stokes flows
Authors: Schroeder Philipp W. , Lube Gert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article focusses on the analysis of a conforming finite element method for the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. For divergence-free approximations, in a semi-discrete formulation, we prove error estimates for the velocity that hold independently of both pressure and Reynolds number. Here, a key aspect is the use of the discrete Stokes projection for the error splitting. Optionally, edge-stabilisation can be included in the case of dominant convection. Emphasising the importance of conservation properties, the theoretical results are complemented with numerical simulations of vortex dynamics and laminar boundary layer flows.