bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio Preliminar de la Capacidad de Remoción de Iones Inorgánicos de Una Zeolita Sintética Tipo Faujasita
Authors: Manrique Losada Lis , Bonilla Norma Constanza , Chica Buitrago Ricardo , Otálora Bonilla Jesús Hernando , Salamanca Maurin 
Published: June 2016

La remoción de iones inorgánicos presentes en aguas residuales se realiza por medios fisicoquímicos como adsorción e intercambio iónico. Las zeolitas, como la faujasita, poseen características físicas, químicas y estructurales que los hacen materiales potencialmente útiles para la remoción de contaminantes de cuerpos de agua. Se sintetizó una zeolita tipo faujasita a partir de Al puro y sílica gel por el método sol-gel; se caracterizó por difracción de rayos X (DRX) y espectroscopía de infrarrojo (FTIR). Se determinó la capacidad de remoción de materia orgánica, sulfatos, fosfatos, nitrógeno amoniacal, dureza y alcalinidad presentes en aguas residuales domésticas (ARD) típicas de la ciudad de Florencia Caquetá y en aguas sintéticas. El trabajo experimental mostró buenos resultados a escala de laboratorio, con posible aplicación a escala real. Se identificó el material sintetizado como zeolita tipo faujasita Na-X. Debido al carácter básico de la zeolita sintetizada, solamente se observa remoción de cationes representados en dureza (Ca<sup>+2</sup> y Mg<sup>+2</sup>), nitrógeno amoniacal y materia orgánica (Demanda Química de Oxígeno, DQO). La remoción es debida a intercambio catiónico y a procesos de adsorción de material coloidal. La remoción de material contaminante en orden descendente es dureza (Ca<sup>+2</sup> y Mg<sup>+2</sup>) Material coloidal (materia orgánica).
Caracterización Fitoquímica, Determinación del Contenido de Lignina y la Actividad Antioxidante de los Culmos de Guadua Angustifolia Kunth
Authors: Mosquera Oscar Marino , González Lina María , Cortés Yeny Juliana , Camargo Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de metabolitos secundarios presentes en los culmos de <em>Guadua angustifolia</em> Kunth (guadua), así como determinar la actividad antioxidante de los mismos. Se caracterizaron fitoquímicamente por cromatografía de capa delgada (CCD) extractos de polaridades crecientes de culmos de guadua colectados en bosques naturales de cuatro sitios distintos del departamento de Risaralda (Colombia). En las muestras fueron detectados compuestos fitoquímicos correspondientes a alcaloides, fenoles, flavonoides, terpenos, saponinas triterpénicas y esteroidales. El contenido de lignina y la actividad antioxidante también fueron detectados por los métodos del DPPH<sup>•</sup> y ABTS<strong><sup>•+</sup></strong>. Se evaluó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales, obteniéndose como resultado una actividad antioxidante y un contenido fenólico alto, en los extractos etanólicos. Adicionalmente, se determinó el perfil cromatográfico de los diferentes extractos mediante HPLC-DAD lo que permitió confirmar la presencia de compuestos fenólicos en los extractos de acetona y etanol.
Agentes Naturales como Alternativa para el Tratamiento del Agua
Authors: Ramírez Arcila Hildebrando , Jaramillo Peralta Jhoan 
Published: June 2016

La falta de agua potable en países en vía de desarrollo representa un problema cada día más grande a nivel mundial, por lo que es necesario buscar nuevas y eficientes alternativas que brinden la posibilidad de mejorar la calidad del agua para el consumo humano que sea de fácil acceso y consecución para las poblaciones marginales. Los procesos de coagulación y floculación permiten la remoción de partículas suspendidas y coloidales (turbidez). La materia prima propuesta para el tratamiento del agua se extrae de la naturaleza sin ningún proceso invasivo; de esta manera se rompe el paradigma de la exclusividad de los productos químicos industriales tales como el sulfato de aluminio y el sulfato férrico para tratar el agua y se abre la posibilidad a nuevas tecnologías a bajo costo, inocuas para la salud humana y respetuosa con el medio ambiente. Esta revisión sirve como base para conocer los agentes naturales y sus principales aplicaciones en el tratamiento del agua. Como resultado se obtiene que los dos agentes naturales más estudiados y utilizados a nivel mundial y que presentan gran capacidad en los procesos de coagulación del agua son la <em>Moringa oleífera</em> y diferentes tipos de cactus; siendo una alternativa ambientalmente sostenible para poblaciones que no puedan acceder al agua debido a su situación socioeconómica. Además algunos de los agentes presentados en esta revisión pueden emplearse para el proceso de desinfección debido a su actividad antimicrobiana, estando estos agentes en etapa previa de estudios con el fin de poder reducir el uso de los halógenos (cloro, bromó yodo, flúor) en el proceso de desinfección.
A Facile Approach toward 8-O-4'-Neolignans: Synthesis of Threo-7',8'-Dihydromachilin D through Jacobsen Epoxidation
Authors: Bernal Freddy A. , Cuca Luis E. , Fadini Luca 
Published: June 2016

<p class="Default"> Neolignans are natural phenylpropanoid dimers with C-O-C linkages. Currently, neolignans remain as im­portant synthetic targets due to their reported biological potential against parasites and fungal infections. Thereof, a new approach for the synthesis of the 8-<em>O</em>-4'-neolignan 7',8'-dihydromachilin D based on Jacobsen epoxidation as key step is described here. This stereoselective synthesis proceeded in only 4 steps in 3.9% overall yield. Jacobsen epoxidation was firstly optimized regarding to yield and enantioselectivity employing <em>trans</em>-stilbene as model substrate.</p>
Efecto de un Sistema de Producción Química de Oxígeno en Cultivo de Bagre Tigrito (Pimelodus pictus) en Sistemas de Recirculación Sometidos a Interrupción de la Aireación Mecánica
Authors: Torres-Mesa Ana C. , Cifuentes-Torres Liliana , Hurtado Giraldo Hernán , Gómez-Ramírez Edwin 
Published: June 2016

<p class="Default"> Los sistemas de cultivo intensivo de peces, son en términos generales dependientes de la energía eléctri­ca. Una interrupción del fluido eléctrico lleva rápidamente a la muerte de los organismos cultivados, por lo que se hace necesario contar con sistemas de emergencia, como las plantas eléctricas. Sin embargo una buena y funcional alternativa son los sistemas de producción química de oxígeno. En el presente trabajo se utilizó un sistema de producción de oxígeno gaseoso basado en la reacción entre el peróxido de hidrógeno y el agua. Para ello se montaron seis sistemas cerrados de recirculación de 250 l, compuestos por un tanque de peces, un clarificador y un biofiltro. En cada uno de los sistemas se mantuvieron 50 individuos de <em>Pimelodus pictus. </em>Los tratamientos T1 y T2, fueron sometidos a un corte de luz de 24 horas. Sin embargo al T1 se le incorporó un sistema de producción química de oxígeno, mientras que para T2 no hubo ningún tipo de aireación alterna. Cada uno de los tratamientos contaba con tres repeticiones. En todos los casos se midieron parámetros fisico­químicos y se estimaron las variables de producción. En todos los sistemas los parámetros fisicoquímicos y de producción (exceptuando el oxígeno disuelto), se mantuvieron similares y dentro del rango aceptable para la especie. El oxígeno disuelto en el T1 mostró un nivel significativamente mayor que el de T2. Estos datos indi­can que el uso de sistemas de producción química de oxígeno pueden ser considerados como una alternativa de emergencia para ser empleados en sistemas cerrados de recirculación.</p>
Dampak Kebijakan Pembatasan Konsumsi BBM Premium di Sektor Angkutan Darat terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Layli Fashihatul 
Published: June 2016

<p class="4-isiabstrak"><span lang="IN">The research was motivated by a government’s policy plan in restricting consumption of premium fuel in the Land Transport Sector especially for private cars in 2012. The research aims to determine the impact of these policy towards Indonesia’s economy, especially impact on output, factors of production, production sector, and household income distribution. To achieve these objectives, the research was applying Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) analysis in 2008 as a framework and an analytical framework. To calculate these impact, author applied a multiplier analysis, the Gini Coefficient, decompotition multiplier and strutural path analysis (SPA). Calculation and analysis results indicate that limitation the volume consumption of premium fuel in the Land Transport Sector will impact on decreasing an addition output, factor income, production sector income, and household income. Furthermore, this policy impacts on the improvement of income distribution inequality. It can be seen from the value of the Gini Coefficient that is lower when volume consumption of premium fuel was limited than before limited.</span></p>
Corn Response and Soil Nutrient Concentration from Subsurface Application of Poultry Litter
Authors: Simmons Jason R. , Sistani Karamat R. , Pote Daniel H. , Ritchey Edwin L. , Jn‐Baptiste Marcia , Tewolde Haile 
Published: June 2016

Nitrogen fertilizer management is vital to corn (Zea maysL.) production from financial and environmental perspectives. Poultry litter as a nutrient source in this cropping system is generally surface broadcast, potentially causing volatilization of NH3. Recently a new application method was developed allowing subsurface banding of poultry litter with minimal soil surface disturbance. However, there are limited data with this application method on corn production. In this study, we used farm‐scale plots (7.6 by 91.2 m) to evaluate the response of no‐till corn growth and post‐harvest soil nutrient concentrations from subsurface poultry litter application. All treatments were applied pre‐plant at a rate of 168 kg N ha−1and included (i) a standard commercial fertilizer surface broadcast, (ii) poultry litter surface applied, and (iii) poultry litter applied in subsurface bands placed 30 cm apart and 8‐cm deep below the soil surface. Results showed that poultry litter subsurface banded plots resulted in corn grain and above ground biomass yields similar to plots treated with commercial fertilizer. In 2011, corn grain yield of 11.35 Mg ha−1produced by the subsurface banded poultry litter treatment was significantly higher when compared to surface applied poultry litter that yielded 10.10 Mg ha−1. Poultry litter application method did not have a significant effect on post‐harvest soil pH, total C, total N, NH4+‐N, NO3−–N, P, and K concentrations. Results from this study suggest that subsurface banding of poultry litter can be utilized as an alternate application method in no‐till corn without detrimental impacts on productivity.Core IdeasForemost study examining subsurface banding of poultry litter on corn production.Subsurface banded poultry litter had 8.75% greater corn yield than surface applied.Subsurface band poultry litter increased N availability by 3.8% over surface applied.
Crop Management Options for Maximizing Maize Kernel Hardness
Authors: Tamagno Santiago , Greco Ignacio A. , Almeida Helbert , Di Paola Juan C. , Ribes Francisco Martí , Borrás Lucas 
Published: June 2016

Special hard endosperm maize (Zea mays L.) adapted for optimum dry milling yields is produced worldwide. Argentine flint maize is internationally known, and specific values for grain vitreousness, floaters, and test weight are demanded by the industry. Agricultural practices aimed to reach these standards, however, are not clear for farmers. Our general objective was to identify possible management options for maximizing the grain quality attributes described by these standards. We tested two flint and two dent kernel type genotypes under contrasting management options and environmental conditions (stand density, N fertilizer, defoliations, years), and studied their yield and grain quality response. Flint genotypes yielded less than dents across all tested field treatments (flint vs. dent, P ≤ 0.001), with larger differences at the lowest yielding conditions. Large differences between kernel types, and for genotypes within each kernel type, were evident for all grain quality traits (test weight, floaters, vitreousness, 8 mm screen retention) and composition (protein, oil, starch). Low N fertilization levels and stressful situations during grain filling where the treatments reducing grain hardness and screen retention the most, especially for some genotypes. Other than genotype selection, adequate N availability and low stand density helped improve test weight, vitreousness, floaters, and screen retention, all traits relevant for maize dry milling industry.Core Ideas

Crop management options for maximizing maize kernel hardness are mostly unknown.
Flint genotypes always yielded less than dented ones across a wide range of field treatment combinations.
Stand density, N fertilization, and genotype selection are key management options for optimum grain quality.
Pharmacologic management of angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Scalese Michael J. , Reinaker Travis S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeThe published evidence on pharmacologic approaches to the management of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)–induced angioedema is reviewed.SummaryAngioedema is a serious, potentially life-threatening adverse effect of ACEI use. Although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, excess bradykinin produced through a complex interplay between the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems is thought to play a major role. The nonallergic nature of the reaction renders traditional therapies (corticosteroids and antihistamines) ineffective because those agents do not modify the proposed pathophysiology. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) provides kinase II, a protein that breaks down bradykinin. Case reports support FFP as a treatment for ACEI-induced angioedema, but no formal evaluations have been completed to date. Both ecallantide and complement 1 esterase (C1) inhibitor concentrate reduce bradykinin production through upstream inhibition of kallikrein. C1 inhibitor concentrate has been used successfully to manage ACEI-induced angioedema in a few reported cases, but robust supportive studies are lacking. Conversely, ecallantide has been evaluated in multiple randomized trials but has not been shown to offer advantages over traditional therapies. The use of icatibant, a direct antagonist of bradykinin B2 receptors, was reported to be beneficial in several case reports and in a small Phase II study, safely and rapidly reducing symptoms of ACEI-induced angioedema. An ongoing Phase III trial (NCT01919801) will better define the role of icatibant in the management of ACEI-induced angioedema.ConclusionFFP, C1 inhibitor, and icatibant appear to be safe and effective therapeutic options for the management of ACEI-induced angioedema, whereas it appears ecallantide should be avoided.
Aprendizagem Regional: análise do Projeto Fortalecimento da Vitivinicultura do Vale do Jaguari/RS
Authors: Dorneles Simone Bochi , Marques Flávia Charão 
Published: June 2016

Na economia do aprendizado a capacidade de aprender é crucial para o sucesso econômico, social e cultural das pessoas, regiões e nações. Com base nisso, existem diferentes caminhos de desenvolvimento e cada região tem de desenvolver sua própria estratégia. O modelo da hélice tríplice pondera que a universidade é o princípio gerador das sociedades fundadas no conhecimento, tal como o governo e a indústria eram as instituições primárias na sociedade industrial. Uma recente pesquisa propôs a adaptação do modelo da Hélice Tríplice ao desenvolvimento rural. A autora utilizou os conceitos de "região de aprendizagem" e Hélice Tríplice para desenvolver uma perspectiva integrada no apoio à aprendizagem regional e á inovação nas zonas rurais. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar como se configuram as estruturas de apoio ao conhecimento no âmbito do PFV-VJ. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com os atores sociais envolvidos no projeto. Concluiu-se que existe um desafio ás instituições ligadas ao projeto de rever suas práticas que ainda encontram-se arraigadas ao modelo burocrático o que não potencializa os processos de aprendizado latentes na região.
Índice de Desenvolvimento como Liberdade: uma proposta teórico-metodológica de análise
Authors: Andrade Sarah Farias , Pires Mônica De Moura , Ferraz Marcelo Inácio Ferreira , Pinheiro Maurício Mota Saboya 
Published: June 2016

<p>Este trabalho busca discutir e delinear um índice de desenvolvimento baseado no conceito das liberdades instrumentais de Amartya Sen (2000), denominado aqui de IDL. Como objetivo central, desenvolve-se uma construção teórico-metodológica, sob a ótica das liberdades instrumentais de Amartya Sen para analisar o desenvolvimento. Especificamente, identificam-se as variáveis relevantes e instrumentos de mensuração; propõe-se uma formulação matemática de cálculo do índice de desenvolvimento como liberdade tomando-se como referência a realidade brasileira. As referências teóricas deste trabalho foram estruturadas considerando as abordagens teóricas sobre o desenvolvimento, na perspectiva da escola clássica liberal, e especificamente no pensamento utilitarista. Acrescentam-se também os estudos sobre indicadores de desenvolvimento para subsidiar a proposta metodológica aqui desenvolvida. O IDL está estruturado no conceito das liberdades, sendo construído a partir de cinco indicadores presentes na obra de Amartya Sen: Liberdades Políticas (LP), Disponibilidades Econômicas (DE), Oportunidades Sociais (OS), Garantias de Transparência (GT), e Segurança Protetora (SP). De modo geral, a análise das liberdades instrumentais no contexto brasileiro constata que a Constituição Federal de 1988 constitui-se em um marco legal relevante no avanço do desenvolvimento regional. No entanto, o parcial descumprimento de alguns dispositivos constitucionais associa-se a uma relativa privação de capacidades humanas.</p>
ISU TERORISME DAN RESPONS AKTIVIS MUDA ACEH
Authors: Amiruddin M. Hasbi 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">This article wants to examine the extent of radical thought in the minds of the younger generation pervasive in Aceh. With the new Aceh conditions experienced several years of post-conflict situation safe again struck by discovered a number of terrorists who make Jalin mountains forest, Aceh Besar, as a military training ground. Also found are also a number of books that have a narrative that can bring inspiration radicalism and terrorism acts. The results of in-depth interviews of young activists in Aceh, can be explained that the concept of terrorism models struggle can not be accepted by young activists in the city of Banda Aceh. They have to understand the teachings of Islam that is relatively comprehensive and proportional. But their ideals in order to uphold Islamic shariah in Aceh is a necessity.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Artikel ini ingin melihat sejauhmana pemikiran radikal merasuk dalam pikiran generasi muda di Aceh. Dengan kondisi Aceh yang baru beberapa tahun meng­alami situasi aman pasca terjadi konflik kembali dikejutkan dengan ditemukan sejumlah teroris yang menjadikan hutan pegunungan Jalin, Aceh Besar, sebagai medan latihan militer. Selain itu ditemukan juga sejumlah buku-buku yang memiliki narasi yang dapat memunculkan inspirasi tindakan radikalisme dan terorisme. Hasil wawancara mendalam terhadap para aktivis muda Aceh, dapat dijelaskan bahwa konsep perjuangan model terorisme tidak dapat diterima oleh aktivis muda di Kota Banda Aceh. Mereka telah memahami ajaran Islam yang relatif komprehensif dan proporsional. Namun cita-cita mereka agar tegaknya syariat Islam di Aceh adalah suatu keniscayaan.
RELASI AGAMA DAN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">One discourse that continues to be discussed in the realm of Islamic political philosophy is about the relation between religion and state. Broadly speaking, there are at least three paradigms of thinking about the relationship between religion and state. <em>First</em>, sekularistik paradigm, which says that Islam has nothing to do with the state, because Islam does not regulate state life or reign. <em>Second</em>, formalistic paradigm, which assumes that Islam is a complete religion, which includes everything, including the question of the state or a political system. <em>Third</em>, paradigms substansialistik, which rejects the notion that Islam covers everything and also rejects the notion that Islam is only governs the relationship between man and his Creator alone. This article will take pictures of how the three views of this paradigm by showing some of the characters are representative and critically using the comparative method.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Salah satu wacana yang terus diperbincangkan dalam ranah filsafat politik Islam adalah mengenai relasi antara agama dan negara. Secara garis besar paling tidak ada tiga paradigma pemikiran tentang hubungan agama dan negara. <em>Pertama</em>, paradigma sekularistik, yang mengatakan bahwa Islam tidak ada hubungannya dengan negara, karena Islam tidak mengatur kehidupan bernegara atau pemerintahan. <em>Kedua</em>, paradigma formalistik, yang menganggap bahwa Islam adalah agama yang paripurna, yang mencakup segala-galanya, termasuk masalah negara atau sistem politik. <em>Ketiga</em>, paradigma substansialistik, yang menolak pendapat bahwa Islam mencakup segala-galanya dan juga menolak pandangan bahwa Islam hanya mengatur hubungan antara manusia dan Penciptanya semata. Artikel ini akan memotret bagaimana pandangan ketiga paradigma tersebut dengan menampilkan beberapa tokohnya yang representatif dan dengan meng­gunakan metode kritis komparatif.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN REVITALIZATION OF ISLAMIC SCHOOL IN TURKEY
Authors: Raharjo Raharjo 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">Selama berabad-abad Islam telah menjadi agama negara di Turki. Tetapi itu berubah saat Turki mendeklarasikan diri sebagai negara Republik pada tahun 1923. Turki menjadi negara sekuler dan membuat Islam tertekan. Namun saat sistem politik Pemerintah Turki mengadopsi multipartai dan partai itu kemudian didukung oleh masyarakat Muslim dan memimpin pemerintahan, perlahan keberadaan Islam kembali tampak. Kondisi ini memengaruhi keberadaan pendidikan dan sekolah-sekolah Islam, yang pada dua dekade terakhir jumlahnya meningkat tajam. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data tentang kontrol kualitas pendidikan, bentuk-bentuk pendidikan Islam dan peran pemerintah terhadap pendidikan Islam. Melalui teknik dokumentasi, observasi dan interview, peneliti­an ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kontrol kualitas pendidikan di Turki dilakukan di bawah kementerian pendidikan nasional; 2) bentuk sekolah dibagi menjadi negeri dan swasta, dan 3) peran pemerintah terhadap sekolah-sekolah Islam tidak dilakukan secara langsung, namun melalui kebijakan Kementerian Pen­didikan Nasional yang diberlakukan secara umum kepada sekolah negeri.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Islam had been the religion of the state in Turkey for many centuries, but it was disappeared when the type of the state was changed into republic in 1923. Turkey then has become a secular state and Islam has been depressed. However, when the political system in Turkey adopted multiparty and the party supported by Muslim community run the ruling government, Islam gradually has existed. This affected the Islamic education and schools, which have been sharply increased in number during the last 2 decades. This research was conducted to identify the quality control of education, the types of Islamic education and the role of government towards Islamic schools. By using techniques of documentation, observation and interview, this research indicated that: 1) the quality control of education in Turkey is done under ministry of national education; 2) the types of Islamic education are divided into public and private and 3) the role of government towards Islamic schools is not implemented straight forward, but through the policy in the Ministry of National Education addressed towards the public schools.