bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training on Adolescent Lower-Body Strength
Authors: Luebbers Paul E. , Witte Emily V. , Oshel Johnathan Q. , Butler Michael S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Luebbers, PE, Witte, EV, and Oshel, JQ. Effects of practical blood flow restriction training on adolescent lower-body strength. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2674–2683, 2019—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a practical blood flow restriction (BFR) training program on lower-body strength of high school weightlifters. Twenty-five students were divided into 3 groups. For 6 weeks, each group completed the same resistance training program with the exception of the parallel back squat exercise (2 d·wk−1), which was different for each group. One group (HI) completed a traditional high-load (≥65% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) back squat protocol with 3 sets of low repetitions (≤10). The LO group completed the squat exercise using a relatively light load (≤30% 1RM) for 1 set of 30 repetitions and 3 sets of 15 with 30 seconds of rest between sets. The LO + BFR group followed the same protocol as LO, but did so with blood flow restricted. One repetition maximum back squat tests were conducted before the start of the program and again on conclusion, the values of which were used as the dependent measure. A 3 × 2 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.043). Follow-up tests were conducted to explore the interaction. Paired-sample t-tests for each group indicated a significant increase in leg strength for the LO + BFR group (p = 0.005) but not for the HI (p = 0.142) or LO groups (p = 1.00). This suggests that a practical BFR training program may be effective in increasing 1RM squat performance of high school students.
Observar la violencia 2.0: comportamiento cómplice, de la adolescencia gallega, en función del género.
Authors: Méndez-Lois Mª José , Villar Varela Milena , Barreiro Fernández Felicidad 
Published: October 2017

En la actual situación de revolución tecnológica, el ciberespacio se convierte en el nuevo ámbito de relaciones, un lugar cotidiano para los y las jóvenes de nuestro mundo. Esto incrementa el riesgo de violencia al desaparecer las barreras espaciales que delimitaban la comunicación entre iguales, y da lugar al nacimiento de un nuevo concepto: la violencia 2.0.Este trabajo analiza las experiencias de observación de conductas violentas 2.0, de la población adolescente, en entornos virtuales e identifica factores asociados con el comportamiento ciberobservador en este colectivo. En el estudio participaron 615 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de la ESO escolarizados en Galicia y seleccionados mediante muestreo por conveniencia.En relación a las experiencias, los resultados indican que los y las jóvenes consultados han observado múltiples conductas violentas y se han encontrado diferencias por sexo en lo que unas y otros han observado.Los factores asociados a las conductas violentas observadas que se han identificado son tres que guardan relación con las conductas verbales agresivas mostradas ante lo que difiere del canon normativo heteropatriarcal, la violencia sexual y, por último, las experiencias asociadas al mito del amor romántico.
Construction of Comprehensive Dosage-Matching Core Histone Mutant Libraries for Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jiang Shuangying , Liu Yan , Wang Ann , Qin Yiran , Luo Maoguo , Wu Qingyu , Boeke Jef D , Dai Junbiao 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes for each core histone, which are presented as pairs under the control of a divergent promoter, i.e., HHT1-HHF1, HHT2-HHF2, HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2. HHT1-HHF1, and HHT2-HHF2 encode histone H3 and H4 with identical amino acid sequences but under the control of differently regulated promoters. Previous mutagenesis studies were carried out by deleting one pair and mutating the other one. Here, we present the design and construction of three additional libraries covering HTA1-HTB1, HTA2-HTB2, and HHT1-HHF1 respectively. Together with the previously described library of HHT2-HHF2 mutants, a systematic and complete collection of mutants for each of the eight core S. cerevisiae histone genes becomes available. Each designed mutant was incorporated into the genome, generating three more corresponding libraries of yeast strains. We demonstrated that, although, under normal growth conditions, strains with single-copy integrated histone genes lacked phenotypes, in some growth conditions, growth deficiencies were observed. Specifically, we showed that addition of a second copy of the mutant histone gene could rescue the lethality in some previously known mutants that cannot survive with a single copy. This resource enables systematic studies of function of each nucleosome residue in plasmid, single-copy, and double-copy integrated formats.
About Necessity of Development a Common Method of training of Students in Natural Science to Solve Ecoogical and Environmental Problems
Authors: Hogland William , Rud Vasilii , Stepanova Anastasia 
Published: October 2017

The problem of worsening of ecological situation on the Earth and in the Nordic and the Baltic countries requires a detailed search to find solutions ecological and environmental problems. It is obviously that their decision may occur on various fronts: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of energy plants, new water treatment technologies, management of municipal solid waste, etc.
However, not only technology, but also the skills of engineers, scientists and support staff underlie of each of these approaches. Therefore it’s important to make a decision in training of highly qualified personnel to develop and manage new technologies comes out on top.
The Nordic and the Baltic Sea region consists of 10 states, each of which has its own system of training specialists in the field of ecology and environmental. One of the aims is not only to analyze the set of natural-scientific disciplines that are studied by the future specialists in this area and their volume, but also to create (develop) a single, brand new for the Nordic and Baltic region, the method of training, based on an analysis of existing systems. This approach can be implemented on the basis of the traditional cooperation in this area between the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University ( SPbSPU) (Russia) and the University of Linnaeus ( Sweden), involving other universities, producing companies and the management authorities of cities of the Baltic and northern regions and the creation of an extensive network on the subject.
Suitability of Wastewater Sludge for Utilization in the Leningrad Region (Russia)
Authors: Värri Hanna , Havukainen Jouni , Horttanainen Mika Horttanainen 
Published: October 2017

Insufficient wastewater treatment causes serious problems for the environment and health in the Leningrad Region. Even though wastewater treatment has been improving during the last decade, almost no attention has been paid to the wastewater sludge treatment. Nutrient emissions from the organic wastes, including wastewater sludge, are among the most significant sources of the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Disposal of sludge causes also significant greenhouse gas emissions, polluting local water resources and filling up the landfill sites.
Currently the main treatment method of wastewater sludge in Russia is so called aging. This means that sludge is stored in piles from some months up to some years, and after that the sludge is disposed to landfills. In order to develop wastewater sludge treatment, it is essential to know the properties of the material treated. In Russia, wastewater sludge is often expected to contain high amounts of heavy metals. This is a significant challenge for material or energy recovery from the sludge. Different possible treatment methods of wastewater sludge are discussed in this paper.
The properties and composition of wastewater sludge from two different municipal wastewater treatment plants are defined and discussed in the paper. The main properties are volatile and total solids, moisture and ash content, inorganic compounds, heavy metal contents, and the lower heating value of dry matter. The effect of the properties on energy and nutrient recovery purposes are evaluated.
Full Scale Process Design for Energy Recovery from Swine Manure
Authors: Jinadasa Wathsala , Wakjera Eshetu Janka , Bakke Rune 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate biogas reactor designs to recover energy from swine manure and utilize that energy for a small scale pig farm in Norway. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were the design alternatives investigated. Simulations were based on the anaerobic digestion model no.1(ADM1) implemented in Aquasim software.
The model was calibrated based on a series of laboratory batch reactors. The batch reactor with the highest biogas yield was first simulated to obtain the organic matter concentration in the feed manure. The resulting calibrated model was used to simulate CSTR and UASB reactors for a manure feed flow rate of 2m3/day. Different CSTR volumes in the range of 10- 60 m3 and UASB volumes in the range of 2-20 m3 were assessed using simulations. At low reactor volumes overloaded conditions were observed. Maximum energy production of 128 kWh/day at a biogas production rate of ~20 m3/day (68-71 % methane content in the biogas) was simulated for the reactor volumes for CSTR and UASB of 30m3 and 2.5m3, respectively. An efficient biogas production (e.g. to cover farm energy needs) can be obtained from a UASB reactor that can be constructed and installed at a reasonable cost.
Application of Geostatistical Methods to Describe Variation in Technological Parameters of Ash-Slags
Authors: Namysłowska-Wilczyńska Barbara , Skorupska Bożena , Wieniewski Andrzej 
Published: October 2017

Spatial analyses were carried out to develop a 3D geostatistical model of the spatial variation in the technological parameters of an ash-slag heap connected with the operation of the power utilities located near Świecie (Toruń). Tank A filled with ash-slags was the subject of geostatistical studies. The spatial variation of organic carbon content Corg, ash content AO, moisture content W and recoverability e’ (defined as the amount of carbon [kg] recovered from 1 ton of ash-slag), was analyzed. The variation of these parameters in the horizontal and vertical extents of the ash-slag heap was subjected to structural (variographic) analysis using the directional variogram function. The parameters of geostatistical models approximating the empirical variograms of content Corg., ash content AO, moisture content W and recoverability e’ were the basis for the estimation. Averages Z* and corresponding standard estimation deviations σk were estimated for the particular depths of the tank using (3D) ordinary (block)kriging.
The variation of the parameters clearly differs between the particular depth levels of the waste heap. Carbon content Corg. and recoverability e’ were found to vary greatly while the variation in ash content AO and moisture content W was respectively small and average. There is a spatial correlation between the values of the investigated parameters. The variation of content Corg., moisture content W and recoverability e’, shows a certain regularity within the waste heap tank. Maximum and minimum averages Z* (the upper limits) consistently decrease (a downward trend) with depth, in the interval of 1-10 m. The ranges of maximum averages Z* of content AO notably increase, reaching higher values in deeper ash-slag horizons.
Thanks to the application of the geostatistical methods to describe the parameters of the waste material (treated as an anthropogenic deposit) databases containing complete valuable input information for a project aimed at utilizing the deposited material were created.
Multilateral Exploitation of Olive Tree Lop – Techno-Economical Analysis for Leave Extracts, Compost and Energy Pellet Production
Authors: Konstantakou P. P. , Haroutounian S. A. , Papadakis V. G. 
Published: October 2017

Agricultural residues in Greece are amounted to several million tons per year, the olive tree lops (OTL) ranked first with 1.4-3 million tons per year. After the removal of the thicker woods, the rest are burned in the countryside by farmers causing except from energy loss, particularly severe air pollution (greenhouse gases, micro particles, etc.). First objective of this study was to perform a techno-economical analysis of a complete management of OTL in a rural municipality (real application to the Municipality Department of Vasilaki in the Prefecture Laconia, Greece) for the final production of: a) leaves from OTL for extraction of useful constituents, b) bio-compost for soil enhancement and fertilizer and c) pellets for energy applications. From a sensitivity analysis, it was observed that the proposed investment was sensitive in changes of leaves value. Moreover, a change in the price of raw material alters considerably the investment. Generally, the expected profit was considered sufficient and the evaluation criteria (rate on return on initial investment, payout period and net present value) offer very promising results in the direction of undertaking the investment.
As the main result, this work envisages to opening up a new road showing a feasible solution of this problem, better than that used nowadays. The proposed solution could be extended to any agricultural residue and can be applied by any interested farmer, enterprise or local authority, offering exploitation of natural resources and enhancement of agriculturist income, especially those in less favored regions.
Approach to Structural Analysis of Environmental Science
Authors: Noviks Gotfrids 
Published: October 2017

The paper discusses the essence, structure , research objects , methods and aims of the environmental science.
Due to interdisciplinary character of the environmental science , large scale term and vague boundaries with other sciences there are various definitions of environmental science and different concepts , sometime delusions in research fields and methods .
Author analysed the current location of research objects in environmental science and their connection with other sciences and came to conclusion that up to nowadays there are notdeveloped essential part of every independent science yet – general theoretical base of environmental science.
It is necessary to find out perfect proper research fields and objects of environmental science, which differ from other natural , and technical sciencies.
Analysis showed that the objects of environmental science must be neither nature nor technology itself but only contact zones between technosphere and biosphere –namely,between systems – technosystems and ecosystems . Exactly in these contact zones arises most environmental problems , conflicts and stresses between human activities and nature .
The properties and processes in these zones obey to laws which must be determined, interpreted and used for mankind wealth.
It is the aim of environmental science and the complex system analysis must be essential research methodology and accordingly system engineering as instrument for solving practicalenvironmental problems.
Fires due to Selfignition in (MSWS) Municipal Solid Waste Storages
Authors: Ibrahim M. A. , Hogland William , Elmberg E. , Lönnermark A. , Person H. 
Published: October 2017

Growing energy demands and global emphasis on employing sustainable energy resources to meet energy requirements result in increased importance of MSW (municipal solid waste) as a valuable carbondioxide neutral fuel. There is a need to study the factors that may lead to selfignition of MSW, if stored for sufficiently longer period of time. A better understanding of these factors may help in establishing the practicle guidelines for efficient handling of MSW and to reduce the environmental and social costs caused by selfigniting fires. Its importance is evident from the fact that millions of euros are lost every year in Sweden because of spontaneous fires. These fires cause loss of valuable material and injuries to people, and they are also associated with intense environmental pollution, in particular in the form of smoke and water pollution. This study is based on a questionnaire survey among the members of the Swedish waste management association (Avfall Sverige), whose members service 95% of the Swedish population. The response to the survey was 60%. A total of 96 major surface fires have been reported in the past 10 years at storage sites. 74% of these 96 fire incidents were due to self-ignition, 11% were due to known causes other than self-ignition and 15% were due to unknown reasons. In reference to the type of storage, 50% of these 96 fire incidents took place at sites that store both household and industrial waste, 20% at sites that store only industrial waste, and 30% at sites that store household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Regarding the most frequent cause of fire at any storage site, 33% of respondents relate the fire incidents with extreme hot weather conditions, 8% of respondents report that fire incidents at their storage site are mostly an aftereffect of rainfall, 13% relate the fire incidents with cold weather in December, and 46% of respondents experienced the fire incidents throughout the whole year.
Based on data covering the last 10 years, the average annual amount of emissions of dioxins is (upper/lower bound) TCDD 0.03/0.12 g, PAH 0.98/3.7 tons, PCB 1.66/6.31 g, Hg 16.51/62.59 g, and VOC 18/68 tons from MSW storage fires in Sweden.
Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate and Peat Filter Treatment in Constructed Wetland
Authors: Hogland Marika , Berg Bjørn E. , Stenis Jan 
Published: October 2017

It’s universally known that landfills leaking emissions into surroundings have negative environmental impacts and in response to the EC Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and later the Waste Directive 2008/98/EC of 19th November 2008, many landfills sites have been forced to close down and many needs remediation. The landfill operator is responsible for the final coverage and after-care control of the site for a period of at least 30 years after the closure. In this case study, Ødegård landfill in Norway (associated member of EU), has received total 600 000 tons of solid waste from automobile shredder and contaminated soil during the period 1992-2009. The leachate is pumped from the collection tank up to a SBR Byggingenjörerna reactor plant for chemical and biological treatment. The residual sludge from the SBR plant is collected in the sludge pit and then returned to the landfill and the treated leachate discharged into the river Drogga. Most of the organic compounds in the raw leachate have concentrations over the emission limit before lead into the SBR treatment and in particular high of pesticides. To investigate the ability of peat to uptake pollutants from the leachate from Ødegård, column tests with ash mixed with peat as filter media were performed. Chemical analyses show a high metal concentration and the discharge of Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn reaching high level over emission limits for the recipient. The aim of the study is to compose purification and treatment steps for leachate in a natural based constructed wetland. The steps include:

Sedimentation basin, straw filter, peat filter, irrigation area of Salix (energy crops),
Wetland pond with plants for assimilation of contaminants, sand/stone filter,
Aeration in a water wheel and meandering water into planted wetland pond,From the waterfall the leachate is lead into a sedimentation pond (excavation started summer 2012).
In Situ Bioremediation
Authors: Romantschuk Martin , Mäkelä Riikka , Malk Vuokko , Talvenmäki Harri , Sinkkonen Aki , Kauppi Sari , Simpanen Suvi 
Published: October 2017

For more than 20 years we have tested various approaches for enhancement of bioremediation of sites polluted by organic contaminants. Through collaboration with contractors and site owners, more than 10 actual sites presenting typical problems have been targets for testing and optimization, first by laboratory modeling, and then by applying lab experiences in application scale. Samples from the sites were used in controlled laboratory conditions to build micro- and mesocosm- setups in which biological, physical, and chemical treatments were tested and combined, with the main goal of achieving optimal biostimulation and contaminant degradation. As soon as lab results were available, these were utilized for in situ field purposes. Lab and field tests were run in parallel, so that each new challenge in the field treatment generated modifications in the laboratory testing, and each new full scale treatment method was preceded by laboratory modeling. Successful bioremediation was achieved in most of the target cases. Lab testing also created the knowledge when not to use bioremediation, and this can be regarded as one of the utilities of our results. Fresh oil spills resulting from accidents is a new research topic. While old contaminated sites often can rely on an adapted indigenous microbial community, new spill sites may be less responsive to mere biostimulation, and therefore more active treatment measures may be required. The results from this oil spill simulation performed at a lysimeter field are currently being gathered.
Landfill Mining in Latvia
Authors: Dāce Elīna , Bendere Rūta 
Published: October 2017

A lot of efforts and scientific research have been done in the field of material and energy recovery from waste, offering source separation and recycling of waste, landfill gas extraction from landfill cells, composting of biodegradable waste etc. Nevertheless, disposal of waste in dumpsites and landfills has been and still is the most widely used waste management method throughout the world, including Latvia. In recent years a concept of a landfill as an endpoint of waste is slowly changing to a concept of landfill as a place for temporary storage of waste. According to Hogland et.al., there are up to 500 000 landfills and dumpsites in Europe, that contain valuable resources which can be recovered and used in production of new products.
Since implementation of the Council Directive of April 26, 1999 on the landfill of waste, more than 500 dumpsites have been closed and 11 new sanitary landfills have started operating in Latvia. Largest part of the dumpsites are remediated, however the rest are still waiting for remediation projects. During the last twenty years practical examples of waste excavation from dumpsites and landfills have been carried out, showing that resource recovery from deposited waste can be a solution, especially in the cases of high land value or scarcity of covering materials. The aim of the paper is to assess the existing status of non-remediated dumpsites to identify the problems and challenges potentially faced for conducting the landfill mining projects in Latvia, as well as to show the existing practice on landfill mining in our country. The results of the paper show that some of the most challenging problems are issues of the ownership of dumpsites, the unknown content of the waste deposited, the lack of appropriate treatment technologies for excavated waste, as well as the lack of legislative acts concerning landfill mining and land use after cleaning of dump site. The case of excavating dumpsite ‘Kekava’ near Riga city is analyzed in the paper.