bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections by blood transfusion in northern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Priscilla Cristina Moura , Lamarão Letícia Martins , Amaral Carlos Eduardo de Melo , Corrêa Angelita Silva de Miranda , de Lima Maria Salete Maciel , Barile Katarine Antônia dos Santos , de Almeida Karine Lisboa Damasceno , Sortica Vinicius de Albuquerque , Kayath André Salim , Burbano Rommel Mario Rodríguez 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDNucleic acid test (NAT) blood screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was introduced in northern Brazil in July 2012. There are several Brazilian articles that have evaluated transfusion transmission risks for HIV and HCV. However, to our knowledge, this article is the first to evaluate the impact of HIV and HCV NAT implementation for blood screening in northern Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence rates of HIV and HCV among blood donors and to compare the residual risk of transfusion transmission of these infections, before (2009‐2011) and after (2012‐2014) NAT implementation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHIV and HCV prevalence and incidence were calculated based on rates of confirmed positive samples. Residual risk estimates were based on the incidence and window model described previously. Logistic and Poisson regressions were used in the statistical analysis. A p value of not more than 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTSHIV and HCV prevalence were 209.9 and 66.3 per 100,000 donations, respectively. Residual risk for HIV and HCV decreased significantly throughout the two study periods, mainly for HCV in which the reduction was one in 169,492 to one in 769,231 donations. For HIV, the decrease was one in 107,527 to one in 769,231 donations. HIV and HCV incidence rates were 21.13 and 3.06 per 100,000 persons/year before NAT and 14.03 and 2.65 per 100,000 persons/year after NAT.CONCLUSIONThe HIV and HCV NAT implementation significantly increased the transfusion safety in northern Brazil, bringing benefits to recipients due to better quality of blood products produced.
Prevention of intestinal parasites in a tri‐border area of Latin America: Children perceptions and an integral health education strategy
Authors: Rivero M. R. , Salas M. M. , Valente R. , Nores M. J. , De Angelo C. , Arrabal J. , Costa S. , Salomón O. D. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTo investigate knowledge of school‐aged children and their perception on intestinal parasites, and to assess knowledge reconstruction on prevention practices after specific training in the subject. We performed an activity package that included the analysis of children's drawings of intestinal parasites, and information and communication technologies (ITCs) to transfer knowledge about these pathogens and prevention measures. Retrieval learning activities were performed to fixation of general and specific prevention and control measures.Overall, we found that there is a knowledge gap in many aspects of parasite biology and ecology, and therefore on the risk of infection and acquisition mechanisms. After ITCs, the children improved their knowledge over non‐trained children.The approaches used to transfer knowledge and for learning, fixation were valuable tools for incorporating changes in misconceptions and in the deep‐rooted habits that favour entero‐parasitic diseases. This has important implications for the specific design of future education materials and campaigns. Understanding of perceptions helps to provide justifications and knowledge to achieve changes in unhealthy habits, and it constitutes the basis for the transformation of many risky practices.
Micronuclei Frequency in Tumors Is a Predictive Biomarker for Genetic Instability and Sensitivity to the DNA Repair Inhibitor AsiDNA
Authors: Jdey Wael , Thierry Sylvain , Popova Tatiana , Stern Marc-Henri , Dutreix Marie 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Therapeutic strategies targeting DNA repair pathway defects have been widely explored, but often only benefit small numbers of patients. Here we characterized potential predictive biomarkers for treatment with AsiDNA, a novel first-in-class DNA repair inhibitor. We evaluated genetic instability and DNA repair defects by direct and indirect assays in 12 breast cancer cell lines to estimate the spontaneous occurrence of single-strand and double-strand breaks (DSB). For each cell line, we monitored constitutive PARP activation, spontaneous DNA damage by alkaline comet assay, basal micronuclei levels, the number of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements (LST), and the status of several DNA repair pathways by transcriptome and genome analysis. Sensitivity to AsiDNA was associated with a high spontaneous frequency of cells with micronuclei and LST and specific alterations in DNA repair pathways that essentially monitor DSB repair defects. A high basal level of micronuclei as a predictive biomarker for AsiDNA treatment was validated in 43 tumor cell lines from various tissues and 15 models of cell- and patient-derived xenografts. Micronuclei quantification was also possible in patient biopsies. Overall, this study identified genetic instability as a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to AsiDNA treatment. That micronuclei frequency can be measured in biopsies and does not reveal the same genetic instability as conventional genome assays opens new perspectives for refining the classification of tumors with genetic instability. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4207–16. ©2017 AACR.
Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Wolters Frank J. , Zonneveld Hazel I. , Hofman Albert , van der Lugt Aad , Koudstaal Peter J. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Cerebral hypoperfusion has previously been associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in various cross-sectional studies, but whether hypoperfusion precedes neurodegeneration is unknown. We prospectively determined the association of cerebral perfusion with subsequent cognitive decline and development of dementia.

Methods:
Between 2005 and 2012, we measured cerebral blood flow by 2-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study without dementia. We determined the association of cerebral perfusion (mL/100mL/min) with risk of dementia (until 2015) using a Cox model, adjusting for age, sex, demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E genotype. We repeated analyses for Alzheimer disease and accounting for stroke. We used linear regression to determine change in cognitive performance during 2 consecutive examination rounds in relation to perfusion. Finally, we investigated whether associations were modified by baseline severity of white matter hyperintensities.

Results:

Of 4759 participants (median age 61.3 years, 55.2% women) with a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 123 participants developed dementia (97 Alzheimer disease). Lower cerebral perfusion was associated with higher risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval per standard deviation decrease, 1.07–1.61), similar for Alzheimer disease only, and unaltered by accounting for stroke. Risk of dementia with hypoperfusion was higher with increasing severity of white matter hyperintensities (with severe white matter hyperintensities; hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.14). At cognitive reexamination after on average 5.7 years, lower baseline perfusion was associated with accelerated decline in cognition (global cognition: β=−0.029,
P
=0.003), which was similar after excluding those with incident dementia, and again most profound in individuals with higher volume of white matter hyperintensities (
P
value for interaction=0.019).

Conclusions:
Cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia in the general population.
Nuttall’s species of Sphaeromeria transferred to Artemisia (Asteraceae): a new combination and comments on typifications
Authors: MOSYAKIN SERGEI L. , SHULTZ LEILA M. , BOIKO GANNA V. 
Published: June 2017

Following recent molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Sphaeromeria has been synonymized with Artemisia and its taxa are included in Artemisia subg. Tridentatae. The new combination is proposed, Artemisia nuttallii (Torr. & A. Gray) Mosyakin, L.M. Shultz & G.V. Boiko, comb. nov. (= Sphaeromeria argentea Nutt., non A. argentea L’Her.; Tanacetum nuttallii Torr. & A. Gray; Artemisia macarthuri Sòn. Garcia et al., nom. illeg.). Notes on typifications of the names Sphaeromeria argentea and S. capitata Nutt. (now Artemisia capitata (Nutt.) Sòn. Garcia et al.) are provided; both are typified by Nuttall’s specimens from BM. Additional original specimens of these two species recently found in the Turczaninow memorial collection at the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW) are discussed.
Three broad parental feeding styles and young children’s snack intake
Authors: Boots Samantha B , Tiggemann Marika , Corsini Nadia 
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify broad overarching feeding styles that parents may use and their effects on pre-school-aged children’s healthy and unhealthy snack intake. Design: Cross sectional study Methods: Mothers ( n = 611) of children aged 2–7 years (mean age 3.9 years) completed an online survey assessing parent-feeding strategies and parent-reported child snack intake. Data were analysed in two phases. First, principal components analysis identified three major feeding styles that were labelled overt control, covert control and parent modelling. Then, structural equation modelling was used to see whether these factors were related differentially to reported child snack intake. Results: The intake of healthy snack food was associated with higher covert control and parent modelling and lower overt control. The reverse was true for unhealthy snack intake, with the intake of these foods associated with lower covert control and parental modelling, and higher overt control. Conclusion: Our findings show that parent-feeding styles that attempt to control the child’s environment seem to have a positive impact on snack intake, while styles aimed at controlling the child (overt control) seem to have a detrimental impact.
An investigation into UK medical students’ knowledge of lifestyle factors on cancer
Authors: Luckman S , Xiao C , McLennan E , Anderson AS , Mutrie N , Moug SJ 
Published: June 2017

Background and aim Lifestyle factor modification (alcohol, smoking, obesity, diet, physical activity) has the potential to reduce cancer incidence and cancer survival. This study assessed the knowledge of lifestyle factors and cancer in undergraduate medical students. Methods and results A total of 218 students (7 UK universities) completed an online survey of nine questions in three areas: knowledge (lifestyle factors and cancer); information sources; clinical practice (witnessed clinical counselling). Diet, alcohol, smoking and physical activity were recognised as lifestyle factors by 98% of responders, while only 69% reported weight. The links of lung cancer/smoking and alcohol/liver cancer were recognised by >90%, while only 10% reported weight or physical activity being linked to any cancer. University teaching on lifestyle factors and cancer was reported by 78%: 34% rating it good/very good. GPs were witnessed giving lifestyle advice by 85% of responders. Conclusions Most respondents were aware of a relationship between lifestyle factors and cancer, mainly as a result of undergraduate teaching. Further work may widen the breadth of knowledge, and potentially improve primary and secondary cancer prevention.
Impact of home-based, patient-centered support for people with advanced illness in an open health system: A retrospective claims analysis of health expenditures, utilization, and quality of care at end of life
Authors: Sudat Sylvia EK , Franco Anjali , Pressman Alice R , Rosenfeld Kenneth , Gornet Elizabeth , Stewart Walter 
Published: June 2017

Background: Home-based care coordination and support programs for people with advanced illness work alongside usual care to promote personal care goals, which usually include a preference for home-based end-of-life care. More research is needed to confirm the efficacy of these programs, especially when disseminated on a large scale. Advanced Illness Management is one such program, implemented within a large open health system in northern California, USA. Aim: To evaluate the impact of Advanced Illness Management on end-of-life resource utilization, cost of care, and care quality, as indicators of program success in supporting patient care goals. Design: A retrospective-matched observational study analyzing medical claims in the final 3 months of life. Setting/participants: Medicare fee-for-service 2010–2014 decedents in northern California, USA. Results: Final month total expenditures for Advanced Illness Management enrollees ( N = 1352) were reduced by US$4824 (US$3379, US$6268) and inpatient payments by US$6127 (US$4874, US$7682). Enrollees also experienced 150 fewer hospitalizations/1000 (101, 198) and 1361 fewer hospital days/1000 (998, 1725). The percentage of hospice enrollees increased by 17.9 percentage points (14.7, 21.0), hospital deaths decreased by 8.2 percentage points (5.5, 10.8), and intensive care unit deaths decreased by 7.1 percentage points (5.2, 8.9). End-of-life chemotherapy use and non-inpatient expenditures in months 2 and 3 prior to death did not differ significantly from the control group. Conclusion: Advanced Illness Management has a positive impact on inpatient utilization, cost of care, hospice enrollment, and site of death. This suggests that home-based support programs for people with advanced illness can be successful on a large scale in supporting personal end-of-life care choices.
The complex relationship between household income of family caregivers, access to palliative care services and place of death: A national household population survey
Authors: Johnson Miriam J , Allgar Victoria , Chen Hong , Dunn Laurie , Macleod Una , Currow David C 
Published: June 2017

Background: Previous work shows that more affluent patients with cancer are more likely to die at home, whereas those dying from non-cancer conditions are more likely to die in hospital. Family caregivers are an important factor in determining place of death. Aim: To investigate associations between family caregivers’ household income, patients’ access to specialist palliative care and place of patients’ death, by level of personal end-of-life care. Design: A cross-sectional community household population survey. Setting and participants: Respondents to the Household Survey for England. Results: One-third of 1265 bereaved respondents had provided personal end-of-life care (caregivers) (30%). Just over half (55%) of decedents accessed palliative care services and 15% died in a hospice. Place of death and access to palliative care were strongly related ( p < 0.001). Palliative care services reduced the proportion of deaths in hospital ( p < 0.001), and decedents accessing palliative care were more likely to die at home than those who did not ( p < 0.001). Respondents’ income was not associated with palliative care access ( p = 0.233). Overall, respondents’ income and home death were not related ( p = 0.106), but decedents with caregivers in the highest income group were least likely to die at home ( p = 0.069). Conclusion: For people who had someone close to them die, decedents’ access to palliative care services was associated with fewer deaths in hospital and more home deaths. Respondents’ income was unrelated to care recipients’ place of death when adjusted for palliative care access. When only caregivers were considered, decedents with caregivers from higher income quartiles were the least likely to die at home. Family caregivers from higher income brackets are likely to be powerful patient advocates. Caregiver information needs must be addressed especially with regard to stage of disease, aim of care and appropriate interventions at the end of life.
Treatment of patients with aortic disease during pregnancy and after delivery
Authors: Liu Yu-Yong , Li Hai-Yang , Jiang Wen-Jian , Guan Xin-Liang , Wang Xiao-Long , Liu Ou , Zhu Jun-Ming , Sun Li-Zhong , Zhang Hong-Jia 
Published: June 2017

Objective This study aimed to review treatment of patients with aortic disease during pregnancy and after delivery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data from 12 patients with aortic disease during pregnancy and after delivery in our institution from May 2005 to December 2014. Patients were provided different treatments based on the type of aortic disease and clinical characteristics. Results The mean age was 29.83 ± 4.17 years, mean height was 171.7 ± 8.22 cm, mean weight was 68.55 ± 10.62 kg, and mean body mass index was 23.18 ± 2.93 kg/m2. Two patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection died of renal failure after surgery. All of the other patients were discharged. Six foetuses survived. One patient continued her pregnancy after an aortic operation. The gestational age of the remaining five patients was less than 28 weeks at the time of the operation and all foetuses of these five patients died. Conclusions A suitable treatment strategy for aortic disease during pregnancy and after delivery should be chosen based on an individual’s comprehensive clinical condition. Foetal management should be chosen based on gestational age and severity of aortic disease.
Evaluation of cerebral glioma using 3T diffusion kurtosis tensor imaging and the relationship between diffusion kurtosis metrics and tumor cellularity
Authors: Qi Chong , Yang Song , Meng Lanxi , Chen Huiyuan , Li Zhenlan , Wang Sijia , Jiang Tao , Li Shaowu 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To evaluate the clinical utility of diffusion kurtosis tensor imaging in the characterization of cerebral glioma and investigate correlations between diffusion and kurtosis metrics with tumor cellularity. Materials and Methods A group of 163 patients (age: 40.5 ± 11.5 years) diagnosed with cerebral glioma underwent diffusion kurtosis tensor imaging with a 3 T scanner. Diffusion and kurtosis metrics were measured in the solid part of tumors, and their abilities to distinguish between tumor grades was evaluated. In addition, we analyzed correlations between the metrics and tumor cellularity. Results Mean kurtosis (MK) revealed a significant difference between each pair of tumor grades ( P < 0.05) and produced the best performance in a receiver operating characteristics analysis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.89, sensitivity/specificity = 83.3/90). In contrast, mean diffusivity (MD) revealed a significant difference only for tumor grade II versus IV ( P < 0.05). No significant differences between grades were detected with fractional anisotropy (FA; P > 0.05). Thus, kurtosis metrics exhibited a positive and strong correlation with tumor cellularity, while MD exhibited a negative or weak correlation with tumor cellularity. Conclusion Diffusion kurtosis metrics, particularly MK, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing cerebral glioma of different grades compared with conventional diffusion metrics, and were closely associated with tumor cellularity.
Factors That Impact the Success of Interorganizational Health Promotion Collaborations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seaton Cherisse L. , Holm Nikolai , Bottorff Joan L. , Jones-Bricker Margaret , Errey Sally , Caperchione Cristina M. , Lamont Sonia , Johnson Steven T. , Healy Theresa 
Published: June 2017

Objective: To explore published empirical literature in order to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit collaborative approaches for health promotion using a scoping review methodology. Data Source: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Complete for articles published between January 2001 and October 2015 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: To be included studies had to: be an original research article, published in English, involve at least 2 organizations in a health promotion partnership, and identify factors contributing to or constraining the success of an established (or prior) partnership. Studies were excluded if they focused on primary care collaboration or organizations jointly lobbying for a cause. Data Extraction: Data extraction was completed by 2 members of the author team using a summary chart to extract information relevant to the factors that facilitated or constrained collaboration success. Data Synthesis: NVivo 10 was used to code article content into the thematic categories identified in the data extraction. Results: Twenty-five studies across 8 countries were identified. Several key factors contributed to collaborative effectiveness, including a shared vision, leadership, member characteristics, organizational commitment, available resources, clear roles/responsibilities, trust/clear communication, and engagement of the target population. Conclusion: In general, the findings were consistent with previous reviews; however, additional novel themes did emerge.
Management of Nonunited Talar Fractures With Avascular Necrosis by Resection of Necrotic Bone, Bone Grafting, and Fusion With an Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Abd-Ella Mohamed Mokhtar , Galhoum Ahmed , Abdelrahman Amr Farouk , Walther Markus 
Published: June 2017

Background: The presence of nonunion of a talar fracture with displacement, together with complete avascular necrosis, is a challenging entity to treat. Methods: Twelve patients, 8 men (66.7%) and 4 women (33.3%), with nonunited talar fractures and extensive avascular necrosis of the talus were included. The average age was 27.7 years (range, 19-38 years). After exclusion of infection, the patients underwent resection of necrotic bone, bulk autograft, and fusion using an intramedullary nail. The posterior approach was used in 11 patients and the anterior approach in 1 patient. The primary outcome was solid osseous union at the ankle and subtalar level and between the talar head anteriorly and the posterior construct, as evidenced by computed tomographic examination. Functional assessment was performed with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score and subjective patient satisfaction Results: After a mean follow-up duration of 23 months (range, 12-60 months), solid osseous union was achieved in 8 patients (66.7%). Stable fibrous union was seen in 1 patient (8.3%). Three patients (25%) required reoperation, and osseous fusion was finally achieved. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score improved from a mean of 39.3 (range, 12-56) preoperatively to 76.6 (range, 62-86) at last follow-up. Subjective patient satisfaction was graded good or excellent in all cases. Conclusion: Resection of necrotic talar body and bulk autograft with tibiotalocalcaneal fusion by an intramedullary nail through a posterior approach was a reasonable option for the management of type IV posttraumatic talar deformity. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.