bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Early Definitive Fixation of Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures Safe? An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Unno Florence , Lefaivre Kelly A. , Osterhoff Georg , Guy Pierre , Broekhuyse Henry M. , Blachut Piotr A. , O'Brien Peter 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
The optimal treatment protocol for bicondylar plateau fractures remains controversial. Contrary to popular practice which favors a staged protocol in many high-energy fracture patterns, we have used early single-stage open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to treat these injuries whenever possible. The purpose of this study was to determine the complication rate and the functional and radiographic outcomes of this strategy.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study and prospective data collection.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred one patients with 102 OTA/AO type 41-C bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were treated with early definitive ORIF, defined as nonstaged surgery performed within 72 hours from injury. A subset of patients was part of a longitudinal study and reported functional outcomes at 1 year.

Intervention:
Early definitive ORIF.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Primary outcome: reoperation rate, defined as any surgery within 12 months after the index operation; secondary outcomes: quality and stability of radiographic fracture reduction; and functional outcome [Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA)].

Results:
Nonstaged operative treatment of bicondylar plateau fractures was performed in 91.3% of the fractures during the study period. For those, early definitive ORIF (surgery within 72 hours from injury) was performed in 82.3% fractures. Mean time from injury to ORIF, for closed fractures, was 29.8 hours. Sixteen (15.7%) fractures, which were treated with early definitive ORIF, required an additional surgical procedure within 12 months. Complications included wound infection requiring surgical management, compartment syndrome requiring fasciotomies, nonunion, early fixation failure, and implant removal for discomfort. The reoperation rate was 12.7% if implant removal was excluded. At least 3 of the 4 radiographic criteria used to assess the adequacy of reduction were achieved in 95.1% of cases, and all 4 criteria were met in 59.8% of fractures. The Physical Component of the SF-36 at 12 months was 42.6, which is comparable to values reported in previous studies for operative treatment of bicondylar plateau fractures.

Conclusions:
In a model where surgery is performed without delay by experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeons, a large proportion of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures can be safely treated with early definitive ORIF. Early surgery was associated with satisfactory postoperative radiographic reductions.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Barriers to Glaucoma Medication Compliance Among Veterans: Dry Eye Symptoms and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Stringham Jack , Ashkenazy Noy , Galor Anat , Wellik Sarah R. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
To identify barriers to compliance of medical treatment for glaucoma among veterans.

Methods:
Patients with glaucoma from the Miami Veterans Affairs Eye Clinic (n=74) filled out a 63-question survey regarding dry eye symptoms, concurrent systemic disease, and medications. The association between glaucoma medical compliance was defined as self-reported adherence to drop regimens greater than 75% of the time.

Results:
Eighty percent of veterans (n=59) reported compliance with glaucoma therapy. Dry eye symptoms (as defined by Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 score ≥6) were reported by 39% (n=29), and their presence was associated with decreased compliance (63% vs. 89%, P=0.007). Anxiety and posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) were also associated with significant noncompliance (64% vs. 83%, P=0.05 and 58% vs. 84%, P=0.02, respectively). Other studied factors including demographics, depression (P=0.11), and glaucoma regimens did not play a significant role in glaucoma medication compliance.

Conclusions:
Dry eye symptoms, PTSD, and anxiety were associated with decreased compliance to medical treatment of glaucoma. Identifying and treating underlying ocular surface disease and anxiety disorders may lead to increased adherence to glaucoma treatment.
Severe Dry Eye in CD25 Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Baş Zeynep , Bayraktutar Betül N. , Uçakhan Ömür Ö. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract:
CD25 deficiency (Interleukin-2 receptor alpha deficiency) is a rare subtype of combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency. Recurrent infections and lymphocyte infiltration of multiple tissues are the main clinical presentations. Only four patients have been reported in whom ophthalmological findings were not described. In this article, ocular findings of CD25 deficiency in a 12-year-old child are highlighted.
Diagnostic Capability of Peripapillary Retinal Volume Measurements in Glaucoma
Authors: Simavli Huseyin , Poon Linda Yi-Chieh , Que Christian J. , Liu Yingna , Akduman Mustafa , Tsikata Edem , de Boer Johannes F. , Chen Teresa C. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To determine the diagnostic capability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography peripapillary retinal volume (RV) measurements.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 156 patients, 89 primary open-angle glaucoma and 67 normal subjects, were recruited. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography peripapillary RV was calculated for 4 quadrants using 3 annuli of varying scan circle diameters: outer circumpapillary annuli of circular grids 1, 2, and 3 (OCA1, OCA2, OCA3). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to determine which quadrants were best for diagnosing primary open-angle glaucoma. The pairwise comparisons of the best ROC curves for RV and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were performed. The artifact rates were analyzed.

Results:
Pairwise comparisons showed that the smaller annuli OCA1 and OCA2 had better diagnostic performance than the largest annulus OCA3 (P<0.05 for all quadrants). OCA1 and OCA2 had similar diagnostic performance, except for the inferior quadrant which was better for OCA1 (P=0.0033). The pairwise comparisons of the best ROC curves for RV and RNFL were not statistically significant. RV measurements had lower rates of artifacts at 7.4% while RNFL measurements had higher rates at 42.9%.

Conclusions:
Peripapillary RV measurements have excellent ability for diagnosing not only glaucoma patients but also a subset of early glaucoma patients. The inferior quadrant of peripapillary annulus OCA1 demonstrated the best diagnostic capability for both glaucoma and early glaucoma. The diagnostic ability of RV is comparable with that of RNFL parameters in glaucoma but with lower artifact rates.
Correlation Between Critical Thinking Disposition and Mental Self-Supporting Ability in Nursing Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Wu Defang , Luo Yang , Liao Xinyu 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is universal agreement on the essential role of critical thinking in nursing practice. Most studies into this topic have provided descriptive statistical information and insights on related external factors such as educational environment and teaching strategies. However, there has been limited research into the psychological factors that may predict the disposition of students toward critical thinking.

Purpose:
This study explored the relationship between the disposition of nursing students toward critical thinking and their mental self-supporting ability to obtain a profile and determine the psychological predictors of critical thinking.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2013 using a convenience sample from four nursing schools. Four hundred six Chinese nursing undergraduates completed two questionnaires including (a) the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (Chinese version) and (b) the Mental Self-Supporting Questionnaire for University Students. Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between these two variables and the predicted positive psychological qualities for the critical thinking disposition of participants.

Results:
Average participant scores for critical thinking disposition and mental self-supporting were 280.91 ± 28.43 and 76.40 ± 8.47, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between these two variables (r = .583, p < .01) and participants’ self-decision, self-cognition, self-confidence, and self-responsibility, which suggest that these factors play a significant role in critical thinking disposition (R
2 = .435, p < .01).

Conclusions:
The participants earned midlevel scores for both disposition toward critical thinking and mental self-supporting abilities.The four factors that had a major influence on critical thinking disposition included self-decision, self-cognition, self-confidence, and self-responsibility. Nursing educators should focus on improving the critical thinking ability of their students in these four aspects.
Pain, Anxiety, and Fatigue During Labor: A Prospective, Repeated Measures Study
Authors: Tzeng Ya-Ling , Yang Ya-Ling , Kuo Pi-Chao , Lin Ya-Chuan , Chen Shu-Ling 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pain, anxiety, and fatigue are known to significantly influence labor; however, the interacting relationships among the three symptoms have not been empirically shown.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among intrapartum pain, anxiety, and fatigue relative to the mode of delivery, with or without epidural analgesia (EDA).

Methods:
A prospective, repeated measures design was adopted, and women with uncomplicated pregnancies at term (N = 186) were enrolled. Self-reported visual analog scales were used to assess pain, anxiety, and fatigue during the four phases of labor, as determined by cervical dilation (e.g., Phase 1 = 2–4 cm, Phase 2 = 4–6 cm, Phase 3 =10 cm, and Phase 4 = immediately after delivery of the placenta). Of the 186 participants, 48 received EDA when their cervical dilation was 3–4 cm.

Results:
Throughout the process of labor, pain, anxiety, and fatigue were significantly correlated, no matter whether participants had received EDA, especially during Phases 1 and 3. For the participants undergoing EDA, the level of fatigue decreased more slowly than the levels of pain and anxiety. The participants who received EDA had significantly greater pain and fatigue in Phase 1 of labor than those who did not receive EDA. Mode of delivery was correlated with age, parity, and pain level in Phase 2 of labor and anxiety level in Phase 2 of labor.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Intrapartum pain, anxiety, and fatigue were strongly interrelated. Intrapartum pain management (EDA) led to a significant decline in anxiety and fatigue. Furthermore, fatigue accumulated during the course of labor and was not easily diminished. These findings provide a reference for maternity nurses to develop strategies for managing multiple symptoms.
Can an age-adjusted D-dimer level be adopted in managing venous thromboembolism in the emergency department? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jaconelli Tom , Eragat Mazin , Crane Steven 
Published: January 2017

Introduction
Patients suspected of having venous thromboembolism (VTE), with a low pretest probability, undergo D-dimer testing. A negative D-dimer, in a low-risk patient rules out VTE with a high degree of certainty because of its high sensitivity. It is, however, a poorly specific test, and the absolute value increases with age. The aim of this study was to establish whether an age-adjusted D-dimer could be safely used instead of a standard cut-off level in low-risk patients over the age of 50 years.

Patients and methods
This was a retrospective review of 1649 patients with suspected VTE whose D-dimer levels were analysed. In low-risk patients (defined as ‘VTE unlikely’ using the dichotomized Wells’ scores), the outcomes in terms of confirmed VTE diagnosis, hospital admission and investigations using an age-adjusted D-dimer level (measured in D-dimer units) of 5× the age for patients over 50 years of age and 250 ng/ml for patients younger than 50 years of age, was compared with the cut-off standard level (230 ng/ml in all patients).

Results
Of the total group of patients in the VTE unlikely group, the proportion of patients with a negative D-dimer when using the standard cut-off was 64.9% (859/1324). A further 130 patients had a negative D-dimer when the age-adjusted cut-off was used, increasing the proportion of all patients in whom VTE could be excluded without imaging to 74.7% (989/1324).
For those patients of 75 years or older, the proportion of patients in whom VTE could be excluded without imaging increased from only 91/242 (37.6%) when using the standard D-dimer cut-off to 154/242 (63.6%) when the age-adjusted cut-off was used.
These changes occurred without any additional false-negative findings.

Conclusion
For patients over the age of 50 years suspected of having VTE with a low pretest probability, increasing the D-dimer cut-off level to 5× the age increases the proportion of patients in whom VTE can safely be excluded without radiological imaging.
The Influence of the Practice Environment on Nurse Managers’ Job Satisfaction and Intent to Leave
Authors: Warshawsky Nora E. , Wiggins Amanda T. , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the practice environment on nurse managers’ (NMs’) job satisfaction and intent to leave.

BACKGROUND:
Nurse managers are a ready pool of talent to fill impending strategic leadership vacancies. Job satisfaction as an NM is a deciding factor for senior leadership aspirations.

METHODS:
This study used a secondary analysis of 2012 survey data of 355 NMs. The Nurse Manager Practice Environment Scale was used to identify organizational features that influence NMs’ job satisfaction and intent to leave.

RESULTS:
Mean (SD) job satisfaction was 4.5 (1.1) on a 6-point scale. Mean (SD) intent to leave was 5.0 (2.1) on a scale ranging from 3 to 9. The Nurse Manager Practice Environment Scale was a significant predictor of both job satisfaction and intent to leave.

CONCLUSIONS:
Features of the organizational context can be modified to improve job satisfaction and reduce intent to leave among NMs.
Reports From RNs on Safe Patient Handling and Mobility Programs in Acute Care Hospital Units
Authors: Choi JiSun , Cramer Emily 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of RNs on the implementation of safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) programs in states with and without SPHM legislation.

BACKGROUND:
Despite numerous strategies developed to reduce caregiver injuries, nurses are still experiencing work-related musculoskeletal injuries. A comprehensive SPHM program has been found to be effective in reducing patient handling injuries among nurses.

METHODS:
By using data from 143 480 RNs working in 321 acute care hospitals in 44 US states, RNs’ perceptions on 6 key aspects of SPHM programs were compared between states with and without SPHM legislation and among 11 unit types.

RESULTS:
Registered nurses in states with SPHM legislation are more likely to report the implementation of SPHM programs in contrast with those in comparison states. This finding was found for each of the 11 unit types.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides evidence to support the positive effect of state-based efforts for legislative actions on the development and implementation of SPHM programs.
Evaluation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Serological Tests for Use With Dried Blood Spots in Kenya
Authors: Hobbs Marcia M. , Mwanyumba Sophie W. , Luseno Winnie K. , Hartman Shane , Halpern Carolyn T. , Hallfors Denise D. , Cho Hyunsan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We evaluated 2 assays to detect antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 in dried blood spots prepared from blood specimens submitted to a reference laboratory in Kenya. Dried blood spots did not perform well with the Kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 assay. Focus HerpeSelect 2 was 98.8% sensitive and 98.9% specific with dried blood spots.
Idiopathic Unilateral Paralysis of the Palate in a Youth
Authors: Güngör Olcay , Kirik Serkan , Işikay Sedat , Güngör Gülay , Bilal Nagihan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Unilateral isolated paralysis of the soft palate is a rare clinical entity that is associated with rhinolalia and the flow of nasal fluids from the nostril on the affected side. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy admitted complaining of nasal speech and drinks flowing into his right nostril. Most cases of soft palate palsy are idiopathic, whereas a few cases are caused by viral infections or tumors. We describe an isolated case of soft palate palsy with spontaneous recovery within 1 month.
The Use of Ultrasound-Measured Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter to Predict Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Failure in Children
Authors: Lin Sophia D. , Kahne Kimberly R. , El Sherif Amira , Mennitt Kevin , Kessler David , Ward Mary J. , Platt Shari L. 
Published: January 2017

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound-measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a screen for ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of children presenting to the ED with suspected shunt failure. The ONSD was measured by ultrasound and compared with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) and neurosurgical impression. We defined shunt failure on ultrasound as an ONSD greater than 4.0 mm in infants 12 months and younger or greater than 4.5 mm in children older than 12 months. A single emergency radiologist at our institution read all CTs and MRIs for categorical determination of shunt failure. We defined shunt failure based on neurosurgical impression as a decision to admit and perform shunt revision. We report test characteristics and 95% confidence intervals of ONSD as a predictor for shunt failure.

Results
We enrolled 32 subjects. The sensitivities of ONSD compared with CT/MRI and neurosurgical impression, 60.0% and 75.0%, respectively, were low. However, the negative predictive values of ONSD compared with CT/MRI and neurosurgical impression were 90.0% and 95.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
Optic nerve sonography may be a useful tool to identify children presenting with suspected ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure who do not require further imaging. This would reduce the use of CT scan and exposure to ionizing radiation in children with suspected shunt malfunction who do not require neurosurgical intervention. Consideration of additional risk factors and a larger sample size may yield stronger results.
Sonographic Findings and Diagnostic Pitfalls in Evaluation for Uterine Rupture in a Case of Fetal Demise and Prior Cesarean Delivery of Unknown Type
Authors: Spain James Andrew , Shaikh Shehbaz , Sandberg Sharon A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A 38-week pregnant patient with history of cesarean delivery was admitted to the hospital for induction of labor after diagnosis of fetal demise. When the clinical picture became concerning for uterine scar dehiscence, an ultrasound was ordered. After targeted ultrasound of the lower uterine segment, the sonographer initially reported thin but intact lower uterine segment and normal positioning of the fetus. By keeping a high level of suspicion, the radiologist analyzed the images submitted and found other clues suggesting possible dehiscence or rupture. Additional images were then obtained, ultimately demonstrating uterine rupture with fetus external to uterus.
Controlling light’s helicity at the source: orbital angular momentum states from lasers
Authors: Forbes Andrew 
Published: January 2017

Optical modes that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) are routinely produced external to the laser cavity and have found a variety of applications, thus increasing the demand for integrated solutions for their production. Yet such modes are notoriously difficult to produce from lasers due to the strict symmetry requirements for their creation, together with the need to break the degeneracy in helicity. Here, we review the progress made since 1992 in producing such twisted light modes directly at the source, from gas to solid-state lasers, bulk to integrated on-chip solutions, through to generic devices for on-demand OAM in both scalar and vector forms.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
Orbital angular momentum of photons and the entanglement of Laguerre–Gaussian modes
Authors: Krenn Mario , Malik Mehul , Erhard Manuel , Zeilinger Anton 
Published: January 2017

The identification of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as a fundamental property of a beam of light nearly 25 years ago has led to an extensive body of research around this topic. The possibility that single photons can carry OAM has made this degree of freedom an ideal candidate for the investigation of complex quantum phenomena and their applications. Research in this direction has ranged from experiments on complex forms of quantum entanglement to the interaction between light and quantum states of matter. Furthermore, the use of OAM in quantum information has generated a lot of excitement, as it allows for encoding large amounts of information on a single photon. Here, we explain the intuition that led to the first quantum experiment with OAM 15 years ago. We continue by reviewing some key experiments investigating fundamental questions on photonic OAM and the first steps to applying these properties in novel quantum protocols. At the end, we identify several interesting open questions that could form the subject of future investigations with OAM.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.