bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher participation in science fairs as professional development in South Africa
Authors: Mbowane Clement K. , De Villiers J.J. Rian , Braun Max W.H. 
Published: July 2017

This research was undertaken to understand the perceptions of the Physical Sciences teachers who participate in the South African ‘Eskom Expo for Young Scientists’, regarding the educational significance of the science fair, and the extent to which expo participation provides an opportunity for professional development. The educational significance of this article is found in its contribution to the professional identity of teachers in their roles as organisers, mentors and judges. The model of Beijaard et al. (Teach Teach Educ. 2004;20:107–128) was used to characterise the teachers’ professional identity in terms of professional knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, norms and values, as well as emotions and agency. Interviews with the Physical Sciences teachers were analysed using thematic analysis, ultimately interpreting and linking the categories of responses to the theme of professional identity. The study found that expo participation contributes to pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge (as both procedural and declarative or factual knowledge) and pedagogical content knowledge. Self-efficacy beliefs were strengthened, positive attitudes were developed, and strategies of inquiry-based learning and effective methodological instruction were observed during participation, which contributed to the participants’ school-based teaching. Teachers learn both from their engagement with learners, and through networking opportunities with fellow teachers. Teachers themselves value these aspects, and consequently, science fair participation is a sustainable form of professional development. It is recommended that the opportunity for professional development that is provided by teachers’ participation in such school-level science fairs should be acknowledged and promoted by schools and fair organisers.

Significance:

Science expos offer professional development to participating teachers and improve learners’ academic performance.
Necesidades de información en los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años a la Universidad
Authors: González Martín Rafael 
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los procesos de información que perciben los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años a la Universidad a través de un análisis de las necesidades expresadas por dichos aspirantes como paso previo al planteamiento de cualquier intervención sobre la problemática resultante.
Los datos se recogieron, a través de un cuestionario, en una muestra de los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años en la convocatoria de 2015 y 2016 en la Universidad de Sevilla.
El resultado refleja la necesidad de crear unos servicios de orientación y asesoramiento específicos para este colectivo de mayores de 45 años.

Palabras claves: Necesidades, Acceso a la Universidad, Información Académica, Orientación Universitaria.
Proyecto de inserción sociolaboral ¿Subimos juntos la escalera?
Authors: Alonso Bello Estefanía , Santana Vega Lidia E. , Feliciano García Luis 
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del proyecto “¿Subimos Juntosla Escalera?”, desarrollado porla Asociación Kanariade Infancia y financiado por Dirección General de Juventud del Gobierno dela Comunidad Autónomade Canarias, era proporcionar apoyo y supervisión a jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social que abandonaban el sistema de protección, ofreciéndoles estrategias y herramientas que les permitiesen su inserción sociolaboral. En el proyecto participaron jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social, sus tutores y empresarios. Para la recogida de información durante el desarrollo del proyecto se utilizaron técnicas e instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos: cuestionario y entrevista a los jóvenes, entrevista a tutores, planes individuales de inserción, diarios de campo, cuestionarios de prácticas, informes de prácticas e informes de baja. Durante el desarrollo del proyecto los jóvenes: 1) adquirieron estrategias de búsqueda de empleo, 2) mejoraron sus competencias de empleabilidad, 3) mejoraron su formación. Sin embargo no todos llegaron a conseguir un empleo y emanciparse. Se discuten los factores que modulan la inserción laboral. El proyecto es un recurso demandado por los jóvenes que sale de los sistemas de protección, ya que a los 18 años deben dejar los centros sin contar con ayudas de ningún tipo y afrontar una realidad para la que no están preparados.
Rapid identification and susceptibility pattern of various Candida isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Rajani , Verma Rajesh K. , Kumari Sunita , Singh Amit , Singh Dharmendra P. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Candida species are component of normal flora of human beings. Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease affecting mucosa, skin, nails and internal organs. A variety of predisposing factors are known to cause candidiasis either by altering balance of normal microbial flora of the body or by lowering the host defence.Methods: A total of 90 specimens submitted in the department of microbiology were included in this study. Identification of Candida species as well as antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek®2 compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast like organisms (ID-YST cards). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek2 fungal susceptibility card (AST YS01) kits respectively.Results: The distribution of the clinical samples were urine 53 (58.9%), sputum 14 (15.5%), blood 10 (11.1%), nail 6 (6.7%) and high vaginal swab 7 (7.8%). Among 90 clinical isolates, species obtained were C. tropicalis 53 (59%), C. albicans 23 (25.5%), C. glabrata 6 (6.7%), C. parapsilosis 4 (4.4%), C. krusei 2 (2.2%), C. pelliculosa 1 (1.1%), C. famata 1 (1.1%).Conclusions: Infections caused by non-candida albicans species have increased. Identification of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment of hospitalized patients with serious underlying disease.
Aspek hukum kontrak dagang via internet (cyberspace transactions) dalam perspektif sistem hukum Islam
Authors: Setiawan Wijayanto 
Published: July 2017

Trade contracts via the internet (cyberspace transactions) or e-commerce or in other terms is a necessity inthe development of cyberspace in the last ten decades. In terms of the applicable legal aspects, contractstrade via the internet is having a substantial difference with the conventional contract law. From theviewpoint of Islamic Law (fiqh), the implementation of e-commerce business transactions can besamed with al-sala>m transactions in the way of payment and delivery of commodities which serve as theobject of the transaction. Transactions in e-commerce over the Internet can be aligned with the principlesof the existing transaction in the transaction al-salam, especially relating to the parties involved in thetransaction, the consensus statement and transaction through a transaction object. Based on thesestudies, the commercial transactions over the Internet is allowed as long as meet the principles of thecontract (‘aqad) in Islam, namely: (1) the parties involved in implementing the contract with proves goodand sincerity; (2) the process of conveying statements of the consensus between party is clear and notconflicting with shar’i; and (3) the object of transactions (goods or services) is something that is halal. Keywords: Trade contracts via internet; Legal aspects of contracts; Transactions al-salam
Correspondencia de economía política y decisiones de educación en las familias después de la descentralización
Authors: Rodríguez Catherine 
Published: July 2017

Este artículo evalúa los efectos que las reformas de descentralización aplicadas en Colombia a principios del decenio de los noventa del siglo XX tuvieron en la calidad de las escuelas públicas. Mediante técnicas de datos de panel escolares descubrimos que, en el contexto colombiano, las relaciones de correspondencia (trade-off) de economía política, como la poca capacidad de los gobiernos locales, los mandatos no financiados o la captación local, no son factores importantes en la determinación de los resultados de descentralización. Por otra parte, considerar los cambios en las decisiones de las familias de abandonar los estudios puede alterar significativamente la interpretación de dichos resultados, lo que sugiere la importancia de tomar directamente en cuenta estos cambios en la evaluación del efecto a futuro de las políticas. Específicamente, al permitir que las decisiones de educación de las familias cambien, descubrimos que el efecto total de las reformas disminuyó la calidad de la educación pública. Sin embargo, al controlar por los cambios significativos en la disminución de la tasa de deserción escolar entre alumnos de escuelas públicas que se presentó después de emprenderse las reformas, encontramos que, en realidad, la calidad de las escuelas públicas mejoró.
Determinantes de cumplimiento en el programa de tasas retributivas en Colombia. El caso de Corpochivor
Authors: Briceño Sandra , Chávez Carlos 
Published: July 2017

Evaluamos los factores que influyen en las decisiones de informar las cargas contaminantes y aquellos referidos al cumplimiento en el pago de impuestos a vertidos de parte de fuentes reguladas con el Programa de Tasas Retributivas de Colombia (PTRC). El análisis utiliza una base de datos que contiene información de cada fuente individual según la jurisdicción de la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Chivor (Corpochivor), para el periodo 2001-2006. Los resultados de las estimaciones econométricas sugieren que el informe de vertidos es afectado por el tamaño del sector productivo al que pertenece la fuente, la tasa retributiva cobrada para demanda bioquímica de oxígeno y actividades de fiscalización ejercidas por la corporación en las fuentes reguladas. La estimación para el cumplimiento en el pago de la tasa indica que las acciones de fiscalización ejercidas por la Corpochivor no son determinantes en el cumplimiento individual de las fuentes.
PERFIL DE INICIANTES NA PRÁTICA DE MUSCULAÇÃO: HÁ DIFERENÇAS ENTRE HOMENS E MULHERES
Authors: Pedrosa Gustavo Ferreira , Bicalho Camila , Diniz Rodrigo Cesar , Jean Ayrton , Pedrosa Ricardo Ferreira , Santos Marcos Henrique Rodrigues dos 
Published: July 2017

A prática regular de musculação representa um meio eficaz para o desenvolvimento de aspectos que podem melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar e comparar o perfil de homens e mulheres que iniciaram a pratica da musculação em uma academia em Belo Horizonte durante o período de um ano. O perfil foi elaborado por meio das informações registradas na avaliação física submetida em cada indivíduo matriculado nesta academia. O número de iniciantes registrados foi de 245 participantes, 150 mulheres e 95 homens. O teste T de Student identificou que a massa corporal e a estatura dos homens foi significativamente maior do que a das mulheres (p < 0,05), porém o % de gordura das mulheres foi maior do que dos homens, embora não tenha sido detectada diferença estatística no índice de massa corporal (p > 0,05). Na comparação entre objetivos, mulheres visam emagrecimento e homens aumento da massa muscular. Por meio dos resultados encontrados neste estudo, conclui-se que mais mulheres iniciam a pratica da musculação do que homens. Além disso, os homens deste estudo objetivam hipertrofia muscular e mulheres perda de gordura.
SIMULAÇÃO NUMÉRICA E DESIGN CONSTRUTAL APLICADOS À ANÁLISE DE UM TROCADOR DE CALOR SOLO-AR PARA O APROVEITAMENTO DO POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO DO SOLO
Authors: Vaz Camila Rosa , Rodrigues Michel Kepes , Brum Ruth da Silva , Vaz Joaquim , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Ramalho Jairo Valões de Alencar , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Isoldi Liércio André 
Published: July 2017

O Trocador de Calor Solo-Ar (TCSA) vem sendo estudado como uma alternativa importante para melhorar a condição térmica de edificações. O solo, por sua vez, desempenha papel fundamental no princípio de funcionamento do TCSA, pois é o agente que promove a troca de calor com o ar. O método Design Construtal aliado à simulação numérica permite estudos sobre a configuração geométrica de instalações de TCSA com o intuito de maximizar o seu desempenho térmico. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é analisar cinco diferentes tipos de instalações de TCSA utilizando o método Design Construtal. Essas instalações foram dispostas na profundidade de referência indicada na literatura com o intuito de aproveitar o potencial energético do solo nesta região. Os resultados mostram que é possível encontrar a instalação que proporcionou o maior desempenho térmico do TCSA, bem como a configuração do arranjo dos dutos. Além disso, na medida em que a configuração do arranjo de dutos foi se tornando mais complexa, isto é, havendo um aumento na quantidade de dutos na instalação, presenciou-se uma melhoria significativa no desempenho térmico do TCSA. Isso se deu aliado à diminuição dos respectivos diâmetros dos dutos, mantendo constante neste processo a vazão total da instalação. No entanto, a principal contribuição deste estudo foi o aproveitamento da energia térmica do solo na profundidade de referência, principalmente para aplicação em períodos quentes do ano. Portanto, as instalações de TCSA dispostas nesta região proporcionaram os melhores desempenhos térmicos de TCSA para resfriamento, quando comparadas com as referências encontradas na literatura.
COMPOSTAGEM DE LODO DE ESGOTO POR MEIO DE LEIRA ESTÁTICA AERADA COM DUAS TAXAS DE AERAÇÃO
Authors: Corrêa Rony Felipe Marcelino , Ricci Alexandro Batista 
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo foi conduzido na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) de Mogi Guaçu-SP e objetivou analisar a compostagem de lodo de esgoto por meio de leira estática aerada utilizando duas taxas de aeração. O experimento foi composto por uma leira de formato trapezoidal, com 1,65m de altura, 3,5m de base e 7m de comprimento. A aeração da leira foi dividida em dois níveis, sendo um alto (2217, 6m3/d) e outro médio (739,2 m3/d). As taxas de aeração, correspondentes aos níveis de aeração empregados, foram 12,6 m3 de ar.d-1.kg-1 SV (sólidos voláteis) nos primeiros 15 dias e para 4,19 m3 de ar .d-1.kg-1SV do 160 dia até o final do experimento. A compostagem entrou na fase termofílica logo no início do processo, chegando a atingir 700C em alguns pontos analisados. Porém a compostagem retornou à fase mesofílica 10 dias após o início, retomando a fase termofílica quando a taxa de aeração foi reduzida - 15 dias após. As altas temperaturas iniciais indicam que a aeração atendeu as demandas microbiológicas do processo de compostagem. A compostagem atendeu os requisitos da Agência de Proteção Ambiental do Estados Unidos (U.S. EPA) e a resolução CONAMA 375/2006 para redução significativa de patógenos em todos os pontos da leira e para redução adicional de patógenos nos pontos localizados no topo e meio da leira
Meningkatnya Pekerja Anak (Studi Konsep Maslahah)
Authors: Wahyuni Indar 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Childhood is a growth process both physical and psyche, then ideally the children should be protected from from various behaviors that interfere with the growth. Therefore, the children’s rights should be guaranteed such as getting health, education and play. Then, there are many factors causing the existence of child labor. And poverty case is mentioned as the main factor that led to the emergence of child labor. Moreover, the risk and the impact of children’s involvement in work, means everything that experienced and felt annoying up to harm their physical and psychological. Although the poverty is often used as a reason of the child labor, but all of it are seized the child’s rights. The child who works before their age will make weak next generation. It is not apropriate with <em>maqasid asy-Syari’ah</em><em> </em>concept, one of them keep the five things, including one of <em>d}haruriyyah</em> need that keep the child’s psyche. It is strenghtened by the quotation from the Qur’an. The impact of child labor in both short time and long time, of course it is so damage their both physical and psychological as stated in Q.S. an-Nisa’(4): 9. It becomes a base of why child labour is not allowed. It is as mental protection form which is a <em>d}haruriyyah</em><em> </em>need. Although the child labour can help the family economic for live, in other case child labour must be avoided considering the disadvantage is bigger than its advantage. Meanwhile, if it is in order to help parent and does not interfere both their mental and their physical then it is allowed.</p><p> </p>Keyword: <em>Child, child labour, maslahah/goodness</em>
Intelligent pressure management by pumps as turbines in water distribution systems: results of experimentation
Authors: Parra S. , Krause S. , Krönlein F. , Günthert F. W. , Klunke T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are used in water distribution networks (WDNs) for pressure control and water loss reduction. In this study, a system composed of a PRV and a pump as turbine (PAT) in combination with intelligent pressure management is proposed and its performance is analysed experimentally. For this, data analysis using hydraulic modelling and extensive experimentation for a case study in Germany was performed. During the laboratory tests, the pressure at the critical point of the system could be successfully maintained at the selected value at variable discharges during a characteristic day, as a result of the advanced pressure modulation. Additionally, up to 2.3 kW of electrical energy were recovered, when the applied PAT was operating under full load, with a maximum total net system efficiency of 40%. Furthermore, the proposed pressure management was found to increase the water savings by up to 16% compared to conventional PRVs. This study concludes that the PAT-PRV-system may be suitable in WDNs with high differences in altitude, high operational pressures and high demand variability. For its application, the benefits and the investment costs, as well as the seasonal flow and pressure variations in the WDN should be analysed in detail.
Characteristics of aeration in the flow downstream of a radial gate with a sudden fall-expansion aerator in a discharge tunnel
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhang Jianmin , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhou Gordon G. D. , Chen Jiangang 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The mechanisms of cavitation damage in flood releasing tunnels remain unclear. In this study a series of physical experiments and numerical calculations were conducted to investigate the flow pattern, pressure distribution and cavitation downstream of a sudden fall-expansion aerator in a discharge tunnel. When the radial gate was partly open, the bottom cavity length reduced drastically, the lateral cavity disappeared, and the flow cavitation index near the sidewalls was less than 0.2. The pressure on the floor and sidewalls can be divided into four regimes: the cavity regime, the impact regime, the reflective regime and the stable regime. The time-average pressure is subject to a unimodal distribution when the gate is fully open, whereas a bimodal distribution is presented when the gate is partly open. The negative pressure regime presented an elliptic shape. Cavitation erosion occurred easily on lateral expansion sidewalls in the tunnel with the radial gate partly open.
Analysis of water budget prediction accuracy using ARIMA models
Authors: Birylo M. , Rzepecka Z. , Kuczynska-Siehien J. , Nastula J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The European Union Water Framework Directive obliges each country to monitor the groundwater level as it is an important source of drinking water, but also an important part of agriculture. A water budget is used for assessing the accuracy of the groundwater level determination. The computations of the water budget are based on evapotranspiration and the state of land surface hydrosphere. On the basis of the determined water budget, statistics and the prognosis for the next 12 months can be computed. In this paper, all the components of the water budget, such as precipitation, surface run-off and evapotranspiration, are studied for the three tested locations in Poland: Suwalki, Zegrzynski and Tarnow cells. The resultant water budget was also determined and presented graphically. On the basis of the water budget research, a prognosis was determined using AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models with the parameters (2,0,2). A comparison between actual water budget data and a prediction prepared for 2015.08–2016.08 indicated that analysing a 12-month period provides a satisfactory prediction assessment.
Spatiotemporal Gait Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study, the Intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline” Initiative
Authors: Beauchet Olivier , Blumen Helena M. , Callisaya Michele L. , De Cock Anne-Marie , Kressig Reto W. , Srikanth Velandai , Steinmetz Jean-Paul , Verghese Joe , Allali Gilles 
Published: July 2017

Background:
The study aims to determine the spatiotemporal gait parameters and/or their
combination(s) that best differentiate between cognitively healthy individuals (CHI), patients with mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and those with mild and moderate dementia, regardless of the etiology of
cognitive impairment.

Methods:
A total of 2099 participants (1015 CHI, 478 patients with MCI, 331 patients with mild dementia
and 275 with moderate dementia) were selected from the intercontinental “Gait, cOgnitiOn & Decline”
(GOOD) initiative, which merged different databases from seven cross-sectional studies. Mean
values and coefficients of variation (CoV) of spatiotemporal gait parameters were recorded during usual
walking with the GAITRite® system.

Results:
The severity of cognitive impairment was associated with worse performance on all gait parameters.
Stride velocity had the strongest association with cognitive impairment, regardless of cognitive
status. High mean value and CoV of stride length characterized moderate dementia, whereas increased
CoV of stride time was specific to MCI status.

Conclusion:
The findings support the existence of specific cognitive impairment-related gait disturbances
with differences related to stages of cognitive impairment, which may be used to screen individuals
with cognitive impairment.
A Review of Surfactant Role in Soil Clogging Processes at Wastewater Exfiltration Locations in Sewers
Authors: Nikpay Mitra , Krebs Peter , Ellis Bryan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: Wastewater contains significant sources of pollutants and contaminants. often the failure of a pipe, inadequate sealing or corrupt pipe‐connections cause the loss of raw sewage, which percolates into the nearby soil. As a consequence, a colmation layer in conjunction with soil clogging is developing, which regulates the exfiltration rate. Recently, literature has emerged that offers findings about the effects of wastewater surfactants on the change of physical properties of the soil. A survey of published literature in this field provides information highlighting the influential mechanisms of surfactants in soil clogging through physical, chemical and biological processes. Therefore, to provide a comprehensive approach, this review describes the adsorption mechanisms of surfactants on organic and inorganic particles, at gas‐bubbles and at biomass. We also provided our own input to the description of the adsorption of surfactants at fluid/fluid and fluid/solid interfaces in porous media associated with the clogging process.