bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A social network analysis of supportive interactions on prenatal sites
Authors: Hether Heather J. , Murphy Sheila T. , Valente Thomas W. 
Published: February 2016

Objective The purpose of this exploratory study was to validate and extend previous research on social support by identifying which dimensions of social support are most commonly exchanged on health-related social networking sites and how social network structure varies with each support dimension exchanged. Methods This research applies a multiple case study approach by examining two social networking sites that focus on pregnancy and prenatal health. For one month, support seeking and providing messages were content analyzed and a social network analysis examined the connections between members. Results The sample size consisted of 525 support-seeking messages and 1965 support-providing messages. Findings indicate that participants requested informational and emotional support more than esteem and network support, with no requests for tangible support. Findings also suggest participants substituted emotional support for informational support when they were unable to provide the information sought. The social network analysis showed that network structure varied across support dimensions, with the informational and emotional support networks having the largest number of members and greatest density and reciprocity. Conclusions This study suggests that online support networks are fairly effective in meeting participants’ needs. The support dimension sought was generally provided and when it was not another dimension of support may have been substituted; thus, participants may have benefitted in unintended ways. The data also suggest there may be an optimal network size to support member engagement, whereby too large of a network may facilitate diffusion of responsibility and too small a network may not facilitate enough momentum to support a well-connected community.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare 3 Methods Designed to Enhance Adherence among Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Aljabaa A. , McDonald F. , Newton J.T. 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare 3 methods designed to enhance adherence to oral hygiene instructions in orthodontic patients: mind map, if-then plan, and leaflet. The study was a 3-arm parallel trial involving 90 orthodontic patients. The 3 groups were mind mapping, if-then planning, and patient information tools (leaflet). Group allocation was randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio. Allocation was concealed using sealed envelopes. The participant and their parents as well as the researcher undertaking the intervention and assessing the outcomes were not blinded. The statistician undertaking the analysis was blinded. Primary outcomes were plaque levels and bleeding point index. Secondary outcomes were patients’ knowledge of behaviors deemed important during orthodontic treatment and self-reported behavior. Participants were assessed at 4 time points: at the fitting of the fixed appliance (T1), at initial follow-up 6 wk later (T2, at which time they were randomly allocated to the 3 groups of intervention), 6 wk after the intervention (T3), and 18 wk postintervention (T4). Mean levels of buccal and lingual plaque, as well as the proportion of sites with bleeding sites, showed no significant differences over time (buccal plaque, Ftime = 3.74, P = 0.06; lingual plaque, Ftime = 2.78, P = 0.06; bleeding on probing, Ftime = 0.68, P = 0.51) or between interventions over time (buccal plaque, Fint × Ftime = 0.38, P = 0.68; lingual plaque, Fint × Ftime = 0.30, P = 0.88; bleeding on probing, Fint × Ftime = 0.70, P = 0.59). There were no harmful consequences detected for any of the interventions. No single method of presenting the information proved superior to any other. This trial was registered with the Guy’s & St Thomas’s NHS Trust Research & Development Database. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Enhancing patient adherence to advice given by their clinician is an important component of orthodontic treatment. This study explored the use of structured techniques to enhance adherence. All 3 techniques enhanced adherence over the 18-wk study period when orthodontic treatment was being provided, but no single method proved superior to any other.
The NAE inhibitor pevonedistat interacts with the HDAC inhibitor belinostat to target AML cells by disrupting the DDR
Authors: Zhou Liang , Chen Shuang , Zhang Yu , Kmieciak Maciej , Leng Yun , Li Lihong , Lin Hui , Rizzo Kathryn A. , Dumur Catherine I. , Ferreira-Gonzalez Andrea , Rahmani Mohamed , Povirk Lawrence , Chalasani Sri , Berger Allison J. , Dai Yun , Grant Steven 
Published: February 2016

Key Points
The NAE inhibitor pevonedistat induces Chk1/Wee1 activation and the intra-S checkpoint, limiting its anti-AML efficacy. The HDAC inhibitor belinostat potentiates the in vitro and in vivo activity of pevonedistat in AML by disrupting the DDR.
Predictors of objective cough frequency in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Sinha Aish , Lee Kai K. , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Yousaf Nadia , Pavord Ian D. , Galloway James , Birring Surinder S. 
Published: February 2016

Cough is a common symptom of pulmonary sarcoidosis. This study aimed to quantify cough frequency, and investigate its relationship with cough reflex sensitivity, pulmonary function and health status.32 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were compared with 40 healthy controls. Cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin, objective 24-h cough counts, cough-specific health status, cough severity and cough triggers were measured. The predictors of cough frequency in sarcoidosis were determined in a multivariate analysis.Objective cough frequency was significantly raised in patients with sarcoidosis compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and patients with cough had an impaired health status. Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis had a heightened cough reflex sensitivity compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). Only cough reflex sensitivity was significantly associated with objective cough frequency in multivariate analysis, explaining 42% of the variance (p<0.001). There was no association between cough frequency, lung function, number of organs involved, chest radiograph stage or serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels.Cough is a common and significant symptom in patients with sarcoidosis. Ambulatory objective cough monitoring provides novel insights into the determinants of cough in sarcoidosis, suggesting that cough reflex sensitivity may be more important than lung function and other measures of disease severity, and this should be investigated further.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on insulin resistance in nonobese and obese children
Authors: Koren Dorit , Gozal David , Philby Mona F. , Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Kheirandish-Gozal Leila 
Published: February 2016

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance and adverse metabolic states. We aimed to assess independent contributions of OSA to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in a large paediatric cohort.Habitually snoring children underwent overnight polysomnography, anthropometric measurements and fasting laboratory evaluations. Primary outcome measures included insulin, glucose, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, lipoproteins and sleep disturbance measures.Among 459 children aged 5–12 years, obesity was the primary driver of most associations between OSA and metabolic measures, but sleep duration was inversely associated with glucose levels, with N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep being negatively associated and sleep fragmentation positively associated with insulin resistance measures. In children with mild OSA, the presence of obesity increased the odds for insulin resistance, while higher apnoea/hypopnoea index values emerged among obese children who were more insulin-resistant.The exclusive presence of interactions between OSA and obesity in the degree of insulin resistance is coupled with synergistic contributions by sleep fragmentation to insulin resistance in the context of obesity. Insufficient N3 or REM sleep may also contribute to higher glycaemia independently of obesity. Studies are needed to better delineate the roles of puberty and sleep fragmentation in insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide for the management of asthma in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Essat Munira , Harnan Sue , Gomersall Tim , Tappenden Paul , Wong Ruth , Pavord Ian , Lawson Rod , Everard Mark L. 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured in a clinical setting for the management of asthma in adults.13 electronic databases were searched and studies were selected against predefined inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was conducted using QUADAS-2. Class effect meta-analyses were performed.Six studies were included. Despite high levels of heterogeneity in multiple study characteristics, exploratory class effect meta-analyses were conducted. Four studies reported a wider definition of exacerbation rates (major or severe exacerbation) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.63–1.02). Two studies reported rates of severe exacerbations (requiring oral corticosteroid use) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.43–1.72). Inhaled corticosteroid use was reported by four studies, with a pooled standardised mean difference of −0.24 (95% CI −0.56–0.07). No statistically significant differences for health-related quality of life or asthma control were found.FeNOguided management showed no statistically significant benefit in terms of severe exacerbations or inhaled corticosteroid use, but showed a statistically significant reduction in exacerbations of any severity. However, further research is warranted to clearly define which management protocols (including cut-off points) offer best efficacy and which patient groups would benefit the most.
Traditional knowledge and its transmission of wild edibles used by the Naxi in Baidi Village, northwest Yunnan province
Authors: Geng Yanfei , Zhang Yu , Ranjitkar Sailesh , Huai Huyin , Wang Yuhua 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The collection and consumption of wild edibles is an important part in livelihood strategies throughout the world. There is an urgent need to document and safeguard the wild food knowledge, especially in remote areas. The aims of this study are to accomplish detailed investigation of wild edibles used by the Naxi in Baidi village and evaluate them to identify innovative organic food products. Also, we aim to explore the characteristics of distribution and transmission of the traditional knowledge (TK) on wild edibles among the Naxi.

Methods
Data was collected through a semi-structured interview of key informants above the age of 20 years, chosen carefully by a snowball sampling. The interviews were supplemented by free lists and participatory observation methods. Informants below 20 years were interviewed to test their knowledge of traditional practices. A quantitative index like Cultural Importance Index (CI) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the different wild edibles. Linear regression and t-test were performed to test variation in the TK among the informants of different age groups and genders.

Results
Altogether 173 wild edible plant species belonging to 76 families and 139 genera were recorded in the study. Cardamine macrophylla, C. tangutorum and Eutrema yunnanense, have traditionally been consumed as an important supplement to the diet, particularly during food shortages as wild vegetables. The age was found to have a significant effect on TK, but there was no significant difference between male and female informant in knowledge abundance. The traditional food knowledge was dynamic and affected by social factors. Also, it was descending partly among younger generations in Baidi.

Conclusion
Baidi village is a prime example of a rapidly changing community where local traditions compete with modern ways of life. Overall, this study provides a deeper understanding of the Naxi peoples’ knowledge on wild edibles. Some wild edibles might have an interesting dietary constituent, which need in-depth studies. Such detail studies can help to promote the market in one hand and protect TK in the other. Protecting TK from disappearing in succeeding generations is necessary, and understanding the dynamics of TK is one important solution to this dilemma.
Submental island flap reconstruction reduces cost in oral cancer reconstruction compared to radial forearm free flap reconstruction: A case series and cost analysis
Authors: Forner D. , Phillips T. , Rigby M. , Hart R. , Taylor M. , Trites J. 
Published: February 2016

Background In Canada, 4,400 cases of oral cancer are diagnosed yearly. Surgical resection is a key component of treatment in many of these cancers. Reconstruction of defects, with the goal of preserving function, is of utmost importance. Several choices are possible for reconstruction of larger defects, including both free and pedicled flaps. Free flap reconstruction is reliable and effective, but requires additional personnel and peri-operative resources. Pedicled flaps remain an important alternative to free flaps, and are less resource intensive. This paper reviews our inaugural experience with the submental island flap (SIF) and compares costs incurred to a matched cohort of oral cancer patients reconstructed with forearm free flaps. Methods Charts of patients who underwent SIF and RFFF reconstruction from January 1st 2013 to April 1st 2015 were retrospectively examined. Associated costs were obtained via online database and previously reported costs at the study institution. Results Mean length of ICU stay in glossectomy RFFF reconstruction was 4.7 days. Only one patient required ICU stay for one night in the SIF group. Mean length of hospital stay was not significantly different in SIF patients vs RFFF patients (12.4 vs 15.4 days, p > 0.05). Mean operative time was significantly lower in the SIF group compared to the RFFF group (347 vs 552 min, p < 0.05). Total mean intraoperative costs were found to be ․4780.59 for RFFF operations, versus ․2307.94 for SIF. Total mean cost of post-operative stay was ․18158.40 in the SIF group and ․43617.60 in the RFFF group. Total cost savings were therefore ․27931.85 per patient for the SIF group. Conclusions We have demonstrated the use of the submental island flap as an alternative to radial forearm free flaps, showing both decreased hospital costs and comparable patient outcomes. Pedicled flaps are making a resurgence in head and neck reconstruction, and the submental island flap offers an excellent alternative to more labour intensive and costly free flap alternatives.
Depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: A focus on potential mechanisms
Authors: Nefs Giesje , Pop Victor J. M. , Denollet Johan , Pouwer François 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundDepression has been associated with increased all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes.AimsTo test whether anhedonia, dysphoria and anxiety are differentially associated with all-cause mortality and examine symptom-specific behavioural or pathophysiological mechanisms.MethodA total of 1465 people completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in 2005 and were followed until death or 31 December 2010. Cox regression analyses compared survival time for people with a lowv.high baseline dysphoria/anhedonia/anxiety score and identified mediating mechanisms.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 1878 days (s.d. = 306), 139 participants had died. At all time points, people with anhedonia had an almost twofold increased mortality risk compared with those without anhedonia. Physical activity met criteria for mediation. Symptoms of dysphoria and anxiety were not associated with survival time.ConclusionsSymptoms of anhedonia predicted shorter survival time, whereas dysphoria/anxiety did not. Mechanistic pathways, in particular physical activity, should be explored further.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group
psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: Randomised
controlled trial
Authors: Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Yip Benjamin Hon Kei , Mak Winnie Wing Sze , Mercer Stewart , Cheung Eliza Yee Lai , Ling Candy Yuet Man , Lui Wacy Wai Sze , Tang Wai Kwong , Lo Herman Hay Ming , Wu Justin Che Yuen , Lee Tatia Mei Chun , Gao Ting , Griffiths Sian M. , Chan Peter Hoi Sing , Ma Helen Shuk Wah 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundResearch suggests that an 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
(MBCT) course may be effective for generalised anxiety disorder
(GAD).AimsTo compare changes in anxiety levels among participants with GAD randomly
assigned to MBCT, cognitive–behavioural therapy-based psychoeducation and
usual care.MethodIn total, 182 participants with GAD were recruited (trial registration
number: CUHK_CCT00267) and assigned to the three groups and followed for
5 months after baseline assessment with the two intervention groups
followed for an additional 6 months. Primary outcomes were anxiety and
worry levels.ResultsLinear mixed models demonstrated significant group × time interaction
(F(4,148) = 5.10, P = 0.001) effects
for decreased anxiety for both the intervention groups relative to usual
care. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for
worry and depressive symptoms and mental health-related quality of life
for the psychoeducation group only.ConclusionsThese results suggest that both of the interventions appear to be
superior to usual care for the reduction of anxiety symptoms.
Functional outcome and quality of life after traumatic total brachial plexus injury treated by nerve transfer or single/double free muscle transfers
Authors: Satbhai N. G. , Doi K. , Hattori Y. , Sakamoto S. 
Published: February 2016

Aims Between 2002 and 2011, 81 patients with a traumatic total brachial plexus injury underwent reconstruction by double free muscle transfer (DFMT, 47 cases), single muscle transfer (SMT, 16 cases) or nerve transfers (NT, 18 cases). Methods They were evaluated for functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) using the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, both pre- and post-operatively. The three groups were compared and followed-up for at least 24 months. Results The mean shoulder abduction and flexion were comparable in all groups, but external rotation was significantly better in the DFMT group as were range and quantitative power of elbow flexion. Patients who had undergone DFMT had reasonable total active finger movement and hook grip strength. All groups showed improvement in function at a level greater than a minimum clinically important difference. The DFMT group showed the greatest improvement. Discussion Patients in the DFMT group had a better functional outcome and QoL recovery than those in the NT and SMT groups. Take home message: Double free muscle transfer procedure is capable of restoring maximum function in patients of total brachial plexus palsy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;97-B:209–17.
Multilevel surgery in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Putz C. , Döderlein L. , Mertens E. M. , Wolf S. I. , Gantz S. , Braatz F. , Dreher T. 
Published: February 2016

Aims Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) has been used as an effective intervention in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) for 30 years. To date there is no evidence for SEMLS in adults with BSCP and the intervention remains focus of debate. Methods This study analysed the short-term outcome (mean 1.7 years, standard deviation 0.9) of 97 ambulatory adults with BSCP who performed three-dimensional gait analysis before and after SEMLS at one institution. Results Two objective gait variables were calculated pre- and post-operatively; the Gillette Gait Index (GGI) and the Gait Profile Score (GPS). The results were analysed in three groups according to their childhood surgical history (group 1 = no surgery, group 2 = surgery other than SEMLS, group 3 = SEMLS). Improvements in gait were shown by a significant decrease of GPS (p = 0.001). Similar results were obtained for both legs (GGI right side and left side p = 0.01). Furthermore, significant improvements were found in all subgroups although this was less marked in group 3, where patients had undergone previous SEMLS. Discussion SEMLS is an effective and safe procedure to improve gait in adults with cerebral palsy. However, a longer rehabilitation period is to be expected than found in children. SEMLS is still effective in adult patients who have undergone previous SEMLS in childhood. Take home message: Single-event multilevel surgery is a safe and effective procedure to improve gait disorders in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:282–8.
Thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Roberts S. B. , Dryden R. , Tsirikos A. I. 
Published: February 2016

Aims Clinical and radiological data were reviewed for all patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) with thoracolumbar kyphosis managed non-operatively or operatively in our institution. Methods In all 16 patients were included (eight female: eight male; 50% male), of whom nine had Hurler, five Morquio and two Hunter syndrome. Six patients were treated non-operatively (mean age at presentation of 6.3 years; 0.4 to 12.9); mean kyphotic progression +1.5o/year; mean follow-up of 3.1 years (1 to 5.1) and ten patients operatively (mean age at presentation of 4.7 years; 0.9 to 14.4); mean kyphotic progression 10.8o/year; mean follow-up of 8.2 years; 4.8 to 11.8) by circumferential arthrodesis with posterior instrumentation in patients with flexible deformities (n = 6). Results In the surgical group (mean age at surgery of 6.6 years; 2.4 to 16.8); mean post-operative follow-up of 6.3 years (3.5 to 10.3), mean pre-operative thoracolumbar kyphosis of 74.3o (42o to 110o) was corrected to mean of 28.6o (0o to 65o) post-operatively, relating to a mean deformity correction of 66.9% (31% to 100%). Surgical complications included a deep wound infection treated by early debridement, apical non-union treated by posterior re-grafting, and stable adjacent segment spondylolisthesis managed non-operatively. Thoracolumbar kyphosis > +38o at initial presentation was identified as predicting progressively severe deformity with 90% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Discussion This study demonstrates that severe thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with MPS can be effectively treated by circumferential arthrodesis. Severity of kyphosis at initial presentation may predict progression of thoracolumbar deformity. Patients with MPS may be particularly susceptible to post-operative complications due to the underlying connective tissue disorder and inherent immunological compromise. Take home message: Clinical and radiological data were reviewed for all patients with mucopolysaccharidoses with thoracolumbar kyphosis managed non-operatively or operatively in our institution. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:229–37.