bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Carbon Based Supercapacitors with High Energy Density: A Summary of Recent Progress
Authors: Han Yi , Lai Zhengzhe , Wang Zifan , Yu Minghao , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCarbon based supercapacitors (CSCs), with high output power and long lifespan, are considered as promising power sources for modern electronic devices. The rush to find new approaches for optimizing their electrochemical behaviors is still vibrant, and particularly, widespread enthusiasm was focused on improving the energy density of CSCs through improving the specific capacitance and expanding the operating voltage. In this regard, this article provides a brief review about recent progress and new understanding about the assembly of CSCs with high energy density. Novel applied strategies were highlighted and discussed from the aspects of electrolyte, electrodes, and device modulation. Dynamic and mechanism factors associated with the energy storage process of CSCs are particularly emphasized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are elaborated in the hope of guiding the promising direction for the design of high‐energy CSCs.
All‐Solid‐State Mechanochemical Synthesis and Post‐Synthetic Transformation of Inorganic Perovskite‐type Halides
Authors: Pal Provas , Saha Sujoy , Banik Ananya , Sarkar Arka , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic and hybrid perovskite type halides are generally synthesized by solution‐based methods, with the help of long chain organic capping ligands, complex organometallic precursors, and high boiling organic solvents. Herein, a room temperature, solvent‐free, general, and scalable all‐solid‐state mechanochemical synthesis is demonstrated for different inorganic perovskite type halides, with versatile structural connectivity in three (3D), two (2D), and zero (0D) dimensions. 3D CsPbBr3, 2D CsPb2Br5, 0D Cs4PbBr6, 3D CsPbCl3, 2D CsPb2Cl5, 0D Cs4PbCl6, 3D CsPbI3, and 3D RbPbI3 have all been synthesized by this method. The all‐solid‐state synthesis is materialized through an inorganic retrosynthetic approach, which directs the decision on the solid‐state precursors (e.g., CsX and PbX2 (X=Cl/Br/I) with desired stoichiometric ratios. Moreover, post‐synthetic structural transformations from 3D to 2D and 0D perovskite halides were performed by the same mechanochemical synthetic approach at room temperature.
Hydrative Aminoxylation of Ynamides: One Reaction, Two Mechanisms
Authors: Pinto Alexandre , Kaiser Daniel , Maryasin Boris , Di Mauro Giovanni , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic synthesis boasts a wide array of reactions involving either radical species or ionic intermediates. The combination of radical and polar species, however, has not been explored to a comparable extent. Herein we present the hydrative aminoxylation of ynamides, a reaction which can proceed by either a polar‐radical crossover mechanism or through a rare cationic activation. Common to both processes is the versatility of the persistent radical TEMPO and its oxidised oxoammonium derivative TEMPO+. The unique mechanisms of these processes are elucidated experimentally and by in‐depth DFT‐calculations.
Turning the Nitrogen Atoms of an Ar2P−CH2−N−N−CH2−PAr2 Motif into Uniquely Configured Stereocenters: A Novel Diphosphane Design for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Diehl (née Knobloch) Eva , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHexahydropyridazines with CH2PAr2 groups at both N atoms are newly designed 1,4‐diphosphanes and were synthesized for the first time. Their N atoms assume a single configuration under the influence of stereocenters at C‐5 and C‐6. In the solid state, these N‐atoms bind the CH2PAr2 substituents axially. Combined with Pd0, N,N′‐chiral diphosphanes of this kind catalyzed Tsuji–Trost type allylations of dialkyl malonates with racemic 1,3‐diphenylallyl acetate efficiently and with up to 91 % ee.
Dutch Resolution of a configurationally stable [5]helquat
Authors: Severa Lukáš , Sázelová Petra , Císařová Ivana , Šaman David , Koval Dušan , Devadig Pradeep , Kašička Václav , Teplý Filip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynthesis and nontrivial optical resolution of a helicene‐like dication, helquat 1, has been accomplished. Starting with gram scale of the racemic helquat 1 sample, Dutch Resolution using family of 3 tartrate anions was key to achieve successful separation of M and P helical enantiomers of 1. Hundreds of milligrams of each enantiomer of this configurationally stable C2‐symmetric helquat have been obtained. Racemization barrier of 1 has been determined. To our knowledge this is the first report on Dutch Resolution performed with a helicene‐like compound. Moreover, there are no literature precedents for Dutch Resolution of chiral quaternary ammonium cations.
Unravelling the subcortical and retinal circuitry of the primate inferior pulvinar
Authors: Kwan William C. , Mundinano Inaki‐Carril , de Souza Mitchell J. , Lee Sammy C. S. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike , Bourne James A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe primate visual brain possesses a myriad of pathways, whereby visual information originating at the retina is transmitted to multiple subcortical areas in parallel, before being relayed onto the visual cortex. The dominant retinogeniculostriate pathway has been an area of extensive study, and Vivien Casagrande's work in examining the once overlooked koniocellular pathway of the lateral geniculate nucleus has generated interest in how alternate subcortical pathways can contribute to visual perception. Another subcortical visual relay center is the inferior pulvinar (PI), which has four subdivisions and numerous connections with other subcortical and cortical areas and is directly recipient of retinal afferents. The complexity of subcortical connections associated with the PI subdivisions has led to differing results from various groups. A particular challenge in determining the exact connectivity pattern has been in accurately targeting the subdivisions of the PI with neural tracers. Therefore, in the present study, we used a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided stereotaxic injection system to inject bidirectional tracers in the separate subdivisions of the PI, the superior layers of the superior colliculus, the retina, and the lateral geniculate nucleus. Our results have determined for the first time that the medial inferior pulvinar (PIm) is innervated by widefield retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and this pathway is not a collateral branch of the geniculate and collicular projecting RGCs. Furthermore, our tracing data shows no evidence of collicular terminations in the PIm, which are confined to the centromedial and posterior PI.
Neural connections of the pretectum in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Yáñez Julián , Suárez Tania , Quelle Ana , Folgueira Mónica , Anadón Ramón 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe pretectum is a complex region of the caudal diencephalon which in adult zebrafish comprises both retinorecipient (parvocellular superficial, central, intercalated, paracommissural, and periventricular) and non‐retinorecipient (magnocellular superficial, posterior, and accessory) pretectal nuclei distributed from periventricular to superficial regions. We conducted a comprehensive study of the connections of pretectal nuclei by using neuronal tracing with fluorescent carbocyanine dyes. This study reveals specialization of efferent connections of the various pretectal nuclei, with nuclei projecting to the optic tectum (paracommissural, central, and periventricular pretectal nuclei), the torus longitudinalis and the cerebellar corpus (paracommissural, central, and intercalated pretectal nuclei), the lateral hypothalamus (magnocellular superficial, posterior, and central pretectal nuclei), and the tegmental regions (accessory and superficial pretectal nuclei). With regard to major central afferents to the pretectum, we observed projections from the telencephalon to the paracommissural and central pretectal nuclei, from the optic tectum to the paracommissural, central, accessory and parvocellular superficial pretectal nuclei, from the cerebellum to the paracommissural and periventricular pretectal nuclei and from the nucleus isthmi to the parvocellular superficial and accessory pretectal nuclei. The parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus sends conspicuous projections to the contralateral magnocellular superficial pretectal nucleus. The composite figure of results reveals large differences in connections of neighbor pretectal nuclei, indicating high degree of nuclear specialization. Our results will have important bearings in functional studies that analyze the relationship between specific circuits and behaviors in zebrafish. Comparison with results available in other species also reveals differences in the organization and connections of the pretectum in vertebrates.
Solution‐Processed Warm White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimer
Authors: Liao Xiaoqing , Yang Xin , Cheng Jiang , Li Ying , Meng Xiang , Li Jie , Pei Qibing , Li Lu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have received much attention for the fabrication of white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs); however, challenges remain owing to severe efficiency roll‐off, poor color stability, and high cost. In this contribution, solution‐processed hybrid WOLEDs were obtained by employing a blue TADF dendrimer, bis{4‐[3,6‐bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazol‐N‐yl)carbazol‐N‐yl]phenyl}sulfone (BPS), combined with an orange iridium complex, bis(2‐phenylbenzothiazolato)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III), Ir(bt)2(acac), as a co‐dopant. The devices achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.59 % and a maximum current efficiency of 17.34 cd A−1. The results suggest that the TADF dendrimer serving as an assistant dopant were helpful in reducing the triplet populations by up‐converting the triplet excitons to the singlet state and immediately transferring the singlet excitons to Ir(bt)2(acac) (bt=2‐phenylbenzothiazolato, acac=acetylacetonato) by virtue of the long‐range Förster resonance energy transfer, thus significantly decreasing the triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA). Moreover, the emitters can act as shallow trapping centers to decrease charge and exciton aggregation. The resulting OLEDs exhibit stable electroluminescent spectra and low efficiency roll‐off at relatively high current density. The CIE coordinates Δ(x, y) vary only (0.02, 0.02) in the luminance range of 100 to 10 000 cd m−2.
The effect of metronidazole plus amoxicillin or metronidazole plus penicillin V on periodontal pathogens in an in vitro biofilm model
Authors: Dabija‐Wolter Gabriela , Al‐Zubaydi Sundus Saad , Mohammed Marwan Mansoor Ali , Bakken Vidar , Bolstad Anne Isine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA combination of metronidazole (MET) and amoxicillin (AMX) is commonly used as adjunct to mechanical therapy of periodontal disease. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics such as AMX may contribute to development of antibiotic resistance. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro effect of replacing AMX with penicillin V (PV) in combination with MET on a biofilm model. A biofilm model consisting of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was developed. The biofilms were exposed to AMX + MET and PV + MET in two different concentrations. Bacterial viability in biofilms following antibiotic exposure was assessed by viable counts and by confocal microscopy. No live colonies of P. gingivalis nor F. nucleatum were retrieved from biofilms exposed to AMX + MET or PV + MET. The amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 4–5 logs reduced following antibiotic treatment; no statistical significance was achieved between AMX + MET or PV + MET treated biofilms. Replacement of AMX with PV at the same concentration, in combination with MET, resulted in similar effect on bacterial viability in this in vitro model. The option of using PV + MET instead of AMX + MET deserves further investigation, as this may contribute to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance development.
A Co2P/WC Nano‐Heterojunction Covered with N‐Doped Carbon as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Gao Ya , Lang Zhongling , Yu Feiyang , Tan Huaqiao , Yan Gang , Wang Yonghui , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Yangguang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) produces clean hydrogen through an electrochemical process. However, new nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts for the HER are required to reduce the consumption of energy. Herein, we report a new Co2P/WC nano‐heterojunction that consists of Co2P and WC composite phases coated with a few‐layer N‐doped graphitic carbon shells (Co2P/WC@NC). The composite was prepared by a one‐step annealing of the polyoxometalate Na9(NH4)5[{(B‐α‐PW9O34)Co3(OH)(H2O)2(Ale)}2Co]⋅35 H2O (Co7P6W18) and dicyandiamide (DCA). The preparation method consisted of the simultaneous phosphorization of Co and carbonization of W in a confined space to isolate a Co2P/WC nano‐heterojunction phase for the first time. Co2P/WC@NC facilitated the generation of hydrogen in the electrolysis process, which had an overpotential of only 91 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the acid solution; an excellent HER performance (2 H++2 e−→H2) and Tafel slope (40 mV dec−1) as well as durability over a period of 50 h were achieved. Theoretical calculations showed that the Co2P, WC, and NpyridinicC dopants in the material synergistically promoted the HER activity rather than the individual constituents. Furthermore, Co2P/WC@NC nano‐heterojunctions showed good HER performance in the whole pH range of electrolytes and considerable durability in acidic media containing transition metal ions, which may attract more attention for the exploration and optimization of nano‐heterojunction catalysts for the HER.
An Aqueous Composition for Lubricant‐Free, Robust, Slippery, Transparent Coatings on Diverse Substrates
Authors: Baidya Avijit , Das Sarit Kumar , Pradeep Thalappil 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransparent, durable coating materials that show excellent liquid repellency, both water and oil, have multiple applications in science and technology. In this perspective, herein, a simple aqueous chemical formulation is developed that provides a transparent slippery coating without any lubricating fluids, on various substrates extended over large areas. The coatings repel liquids having a range of polarity (solvents) as well as viscosity (oils and emulsions) and withstand mechanical strains. Exceptional optical transparency of 99% in the range of 350–900 nm along with high stability even after cyclic temperature, frost, exposure to sunlight, and corrosive liquids like aqua regia treatments, makes this material unique and widens its applicability in different fields. Besides, being a liquid, it can be coated on an array of substrates independent of their underlying topography, by various easily available techniques. Aside from these interesting properties, the coating is demonstrated as a potential solution contributing to the remediation of one of the biggest global issues of tomorrow: affordable drinking water. The coated surface can capture 5 L of water per day per m2 at 27 °C when exposed to an atmosphere of 63% relative humidity.
Direct health and residential care costs of people living with dementia in Australian residential aged care
Authors: Gnanamanickam Emmanuel S. , Dyer Suzanne M. , Milte Rachel , Harrison Stephanie L. , Liu Enwu , Easton Tiffany , Bradley Clare , Bilton Rebecca , Shulver Wendy , Ratcliffe Julie , Whitehead Craig , Crotty Maria 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThis analysis estimates the whole‐of‐system direct costs for people living with dementia in residential care by using a broad health and social care provision perspective and compares it to people without dementia living in residential care.MethodsData were collected from 541 individuals living permanently in 17 care facilities across Australia. The annual cost of health and residential care was determined by using individual resource use data and reported by the dementia status of the individuals.ResultsThe average annual whole‐of‐system cost for people living with dementia in residential care was approximately AU$88 000 (US$ 67 100) per person in 2016. The cost of residential care constituted 93% of the total costs. The direct health care costs were comprised mainly of hospital admissions (48%), pharmaceuticals (31%) and out‐of‐hospital attendances (15%). While total costs were not significantly different between those with and without dementia, the cost of residential care was significantly higher and the cost of health care was significantly lower for people living with dementia.ConclusionThis study provides the first estimate of the whole‐of‐system costs of providing health and residential care for people living with dementia in residential aged care in Australia using individual level health and social care data. This predominantly bottom‐up cost estimate indicates the high cost associated with caring for people with dementia living permanently in residential care, which is underestimated when limited cost perspectives or top‐down, population costing approaches are taken.
Measuring anticholinergic exposure in patients with dementia: A comparative study of nine anticholinergic risk scales
Authors: Turró‐Garriga Oriol , Calvó‐Perxas Laia , Vilalta‐Franch Joan , Blanco‐Silvente Lidia , Castells Xavier , Capellà Dolors , Garre‐Olmo Josep ,   on behalf of the Registry of Dementia of Girona Study Group (ReDeGi Study Group)
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and concordance of anticholinergic exposure according to 9 published scales, to quantify the relative weight of the drug subtypes included in each scale, and to identify clinical variables related to anticholinergic exposure.MethodsObservational and cross‐sectional study using 5323 cases of dementia diagnosed in the 7 hospitals of the public health care system of the Health Region of Girona (Spain) between 2007 and 2014 and registered by the Registry of Dementias of Girona (ReDeGi). We used the Pharmacy database that includes all the drugs prescribed by specialist and primary care physicians and dispensed in pharmacies. We calculated the anticholinergic exposure using the scoring rules of each scale. Age, gender, place of residence, dementia subtype, Clinical Dementia Rating score, Mini‐Mental Status Examination score, and Blessed Dementia Rating Score at the moment of dementia diagnose were retrieved from the ReDeGi.ResultsPrevalence of the annual anticholinergic exposure ranged from 36.3% to 69.0% according to the different scales, the concordance among scales was poor to moderate, and the central nervous system drugs accounted the most for anticholinergic exposure. Being in a nursing home, having depressive symptoms, having a non‐Alzheimer's dementia subtype, the number of drug treatments, and the severity of dementia were main determinants of anticholinergic exposure.ConclusionsThere is a large difference in outcomes among the 9 anticholinergic risk scales. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of these differences when using these instruments in patients with dementia.
Converting MMSE to MoCA and MoCA 5‐minute protocol in an educationally heterogeneous sample with stroke or transient ischemic attack
Authors: Wong Adrian , Black Sandra E. , Yiu Stanley Y.P. , Au Lisa W.C. , Lau Alexander Y.L. , Soo Yannie O.Y. , Chan Anne Y.Y. , Leung Thomas W.H. , Wong Lawrence K.S. , Kwok Timothy C.Y. , Cheung Theodore C.K. , Leung Kam‐Tat , Lam Bonnie Y.K. , Kwan Joseph S.K. , Mok Vincent C.T. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is psychometrically superior over the Mini‐mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive screening in stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). It is free for clinical and research use. The objective of this study is to convert scores from the MMSE to MoCA and MoCA‐5‐minute protocol (MoCA‐5 min) and to examine the ability of the converted scores in detecting cognitive impairment after stroke or TIA.MethodsA total of 904 patients were randomly divided into training (n = 623) and validation (n = 281) samples matched for demography and cognition. MMSE scores were converted to MoCA and MoCA‐5 min using (1) equipercentile method with log‐linear smoothing and (2) Poisson regression adjusting for age and education. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to examine the ability of the converted scores in differentiating patients with cognitive impairment.ResultsThe mean education was 5.8 (SD = 4.6; ranged 0–20) years. The entire spectrum of MMSE scores was converted to MoCA and MoCA‐5 min using equipercentile method. Relationship between MMSE and MoCA scores was confounded by age and education, and a conversion equation with adjustment for age and education was derived. In the validation sample, the converted scores differentiated cognitively impaired patients with area under receiver operating characteristics curve 0.826 to 0.859.ConclusionWe provided 2 methods to convert scores from the MMSE to MoCA and MoCA‐5 min based on a large sample of patients with stroke or TIA having a wide range of education and cognitive levels. The converted scores differentiated patients with cognitive impairment after stroke or TIA with high accuracy.
EEG/MEG source imaging using fMRI informed time‐variant constraints
Authors: Xu Jing , Sheng Jingwei , Qian Tianyi , Luo Yue‐Jia , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMultimodal functional neuroimaging by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) is able to provide high spatiotemporal resolution mapping of brain activity. However, the accuracy of fMRI‐constrained EEG/MEG source imaging may be degraded by potential spatial mismatches between the locations of fMRI activation and electrical source activities. To address this problem, we propose a novel fMRI informed time‐variant constraint (FITC) method. The weights in FITC are determined by combining the fMRI activities and electrical source activities in a time‐variant manner to reduce the impact of the fMRI extra sources. The fMRI weights are modified using cross‐talk matrix and normalized partial area under the curve to reduce the impact of fMRI missing sources. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare the source estimates produced by L2‐minimum norm estimation (MNE), fMRI‐weighted minimum norm estimation (fMNE), FITC, and depth‐weighted FITC (wFITC) algorithms with various spatial mismatch conditions. Localization error and temporal correlation were calculated to compare the four algorithms under different conditions. The simulation results indicated that the FITC and wFITC methods were more robust than the MNE and fMNE algorithms. Moreover, FITC and wFITC were significantly better than fMNE under the fMRI missing sources condition. A human visual‐stimulus EEG, MEG, and fMRI test was performed, and the experimental data revealed that FITC and wFITC displayed more focal areas than fMNE and MNE. In conclusion, the proposed FITC method is able to better resolve the spatial mismatch problems encountered in fMRI‐constrained EEG/MEG source imaging.