bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsoil 14C Dynamics in Different Types of Tropical and Subtropical Soils under Different Crop Management
Authors: Prastowo Erwin , Grootes Pieter M , Nadeau Marie-Josée , Utami Sri R 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRadiocarbon has been applied as a tracer to study carbon dynamics in different types of tropical soils, under paddy and non-paddy management on Java, Indonesia. The 14C concentrations were measured in samples of total organic carbon as well as in alkali-soluble humic acids, insoluble humin, and plant remains (roots, seeds, leaves) obtained from three sites with Andosols, Alisols, and Vertisols at different altitudes. In addition, the abundance and distribution of plant macrofossils in the soil column and organic δ13C values were determined. The results obtained so far are compared with those from a chronosequence of Cambisols in China. They indicate the input of fresh plant materials into the subsoil directly via roots and/or by soil cracks and bioturbation of aboveground litter. The total organic C and 14C concentrations show the usual decrease with increasing depth in paddy and non-paddy soils, reflecting the influence of direct input as well as the downward redistribution of organic material as particulates or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) depending on soil type (pedogenesis, plough-pan formation, drying cracks), crop type and management, and climatic factors. A disturbance of the Andosol around 0.4 m depth and a change in profile properties around 0.63 m in the Alisol limit the general conclusions.
A NOTE ON GROUPS WHOSE PROPER LARGE SUBGROUPS HAVE A TRANSITIVE NORMALITY RELATION
Authors: DE GIOVANNI FRANCESCO , TROMBETTI MARCO 
Published: November 2016

A group$G$is said to have the$T$-property (or to be a$T$-group) if all its subnormal subgroups are normal, that is, if normality in$G$is a transitive relation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of uncountable groups of cardinality $\aleph$whose proper subgroups of cardinality$\aleph$have a transitive normality relation. It is proved that such a group $G$is a$T$-group (and all its subgroups have the same property) provided that$G$has an ascending subnormal series with abelian factors. Moreover, it is shown that if$G$is an uncountable soluble group of cardinality$\aleph$whose proper normal subgroups of cardinality $\aleph$have the$T$-property, then every subnormal subgroup of$G$has only finitely many conjugates.
Effects of soybean resistance on variability in life history traits of the higher trophic level parasitoidMeteorus pulchricornis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Li X. , Li B. , Xing G. , Meng L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo extrapolate the influence of plant cultivars varying in resistance levels to hosts on parasitoid life history traits, we estimated variation in parasitoid developmental and reproductive performances as a function of resistance in soybean cultivars, which were randomly chosen from a line of resistant genotypes. Our study showed that the parasitoidMeteorus pulchricornisvaried widely in offspring survival and lifetime fecundity, but varied slightly in development time and adult body size, in response to the soybean cultivars that varied in resistance to the hostSpodoptera litura. Furthermore, the variability in survival and lifetime fecundity was different between attacking the 2nd and the 4th instar host larvae, varying more in survival but less in lifetime fecundity when attacking the 4th than 2nd instar larvae. Our study provides further evidence supporting that plant resistance to herbivorous hosts have variable effects on different life history traits of higher trophic level parasitoids.
Making the city of nations and nationalities: the politics of ethnicity and roads in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Mains Daniel , Kinfu Eshetayehu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the politics of ethnicity and road construction in Hawassa, Ethiopia. The Ethiopian state has recently invested unprecedented amounts of money in the construction of urban roads. These roads both undermine and reinforce longstanding ethnic hierarchies within Ethiopian cities. Contrary to the image promoted by the state of harmony among residents of different ethnic backgrounds, our research revealed a great deal of tension, particularly concerning the distribution of benefits from state-led infrastructural development. The experiences of residents in rapidly changing neighbourhoods, demonstrate that the benefits of recent road construction are not necessarily distributed according to the policies of the current regime. Instead, historical inequalities interact with contemporary urban development in ways that may actually disrupt the state's vision of unity through diversity. Stratification is built into the city and attempts to reshape the city necessarily interact with recent and long-standing inequalities.
Magnetorotational stability in a self-consistent three dimensional axisymmetric magnetized warm plasma equilibrium with a gravitational field
Authors: Catto Peter J. , Krasheninnikov Sergei I. 
Published: November 2016

Magnetorotational stability is revisited for self-consistent three-dimensional magnetized hot plasma equilibria in a gravitational field. The eikonal analysis presented finds that magnetorotational stability analysis must be performed with some care to retain compressibility and density gradient effects, and departures from strict Keplerian motion. Indeed, retaining these effects highlights differences between the magnetorotational instability found in the absence of gravity (Velikhov, Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 36, 1959, pp. 995–998) and that found the presence of gravity (Balbus & Hawley, Astrophys. J., vol. 376, 1991, pp. 214–222). In the non-gravitational case, compressibility and density variation alter the stability condition, while these effects only enter for departures from strict Keplerian motion in a gravitational field. The conditions for instability are made more precise by employing recent magnetized equilibrium results (Catto et al., J. Plasma Phys., vol. 81, 2015, 515810603), rather than employing a hydrodynamic equilibrium. We focus on the stability of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>1$ limit for which equilibria were found in the absence of a toroidal magnetic field, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=$ plasma/magnetic pressure.
Identity matters to individuals: Group assessment cannot be reduced to collective performance
Authors: Belzung Catherine , de Villemeur Etienne Billette , Grevin Anouk , Iorio Gennaro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough we agree that both identification and differentiation play a key role in explaining individual behaviour in groups, we suggest that (1) cohesion and differentiation should be better articulated, (2) the proposal carries implicit value choices that are not necessarily universal, and (3) the success of a group in shaping individual behaviour should refer to the values of individual members.
Group and individual as complementary conceptual categories
Authors: Blanton Hart 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBaumeister et al. depart from self-theories that contrast the psychology of the group with the psychology of the individual by considering how differentiated identities further collective interests. In concert with Deviance Regulation Theory, their framework offers a foundation for predicting the reward and punishment contingencies that will help groups function as more than the sum of their parts.
Psychometric testing of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale–Mandarin version in Taiwanese cancer patients
Authors: Tang Woung-Ru , Kao Chen-Yi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjective:The spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients is an important indicator of the quality of their lives and of the quality of hospice care, but no validated tools are available for assessing this indicator in Taiwan.Method:The present cross-sectional study validated the Spiritual Well-Being Scale–Mandarin version (SWBS–M) by testing its psychometric properties in 243 cancer patients from five teaching hospitals throughout Taiwan. Construct validity was tested by factor analysis and hypothesis testing. Patients' spiritual well-being and quality of life were assessed using the SWBS–M and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQoL), respectively.Results:Overall, the SWBS–M had an internal consistency/reliability of 0.89. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the SWBS–M had an underlying two-factor structure, explaining 46.94% of the variance. SWBS–M scores correlated moderately with MQoL scores (r= 0.48,p< 0.01). Terminally ill cancer patients' spiritual well-being was inversely related to their average pain level during the previous 24 hours (r= –0.183,p= 0.006). Cancer patients' spiritual well-being also differed significantly with their experience of pain (t= –3.67,p< 0.001); terminally ill cancer patients with pain during the previous 24 hours had a lower sense of spiritual well-being than those without pain.Significance of results:Our findings support a two-factor model for the SWBS–M in terminally ill Taiwanese cancer patients. We recommend testing the psychometric properties of the SWBS–M in different patient populations to verify its factorial structure in other Asian countries.
Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: risk factors for recurrences in a cohort of 181 patients
Authors: De Stefano V , Vannucchi A M , Ruggeri M , Cervantes F , Alvarez-Larrán A , Iurlo A , Randi M L , Pieri L , Rossi E , Guglielmelli P , Betti S , Elli E , Finazzi M C , Finazzi G , Zetterberg E , Vianelli N , Gaidano G , Nichele I , Cattaneo D , Palova M , Ellis M H , Cacciola E , Tieghi A , Hernandez-Boluda J C , Pungolino E , Specchia G , Rapezzi D , Forcina A , Musolino C , Carobbio A , Griesshammer M , Barbui T 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe retrospectively studied 181 patients with polycythaemia vera (n=67), essential thrombocythaemia (n=67) or primary myelofibrosis (n=47), who presented a first episode of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) and portal vein thrombosis were diagnosed in 31 (17.1%) and 109 (60.3%) patients, respectively; isolated thrombosis of the mesenteric or splenic veins was detected in 18 and 23 cases, respectively. After this index event, the patients were followed for 735 patient years (pt-years) and experienced 31 recurrences corresponding to an incidence rate of 4.2 per 100 pt-years. Factors associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence were BCS (hazard ratio (HR): 3.03), history of previous thrombosis (HR: 3.62), splenomegaly (HR: 2.66) and leukocytosis (HR: 2.8). Vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) were prescribed in 85% of patients and the recurrence rate was 3.9 per 100 pt-years, whereas in the small fraction (15%) not receiving VKA more recurrences (7.2 per 100 pt-years) were reported. Intracranial and extracranial major bleeding was recorded mainly in patients on VKA and the corresponding rate was 2.0 per 100 pt-years. In conclusion, despite anticoagulation treatment, the recurrence rate after SVT in myeloproliferative neoplasms is high and suggests the exploration of new avenues of secondary prophylaxis with new antithrombotic drugs and JAK-2 inhibitors.
Transgenic mouse model of IgM+ lymphoproliferative disease mimicking Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Tompkins V S , Sompallae R , Rosean T R , Walsh S , Acevedo M , Kovalchuk A L , Han S-S , Jing X , Holman C , Rehg J E , Herms S , Sunderland J S , Morse H C , Janz S 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade incurable immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+) lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma for which a genetically engineered mouse model of de novo tumor development is lacking. On the basis of evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6), and the survival-enhancing oncoprotein, B cell leukemia 2 (BCL2), have critical roles in the natural history of WM, we hypothesized that the enforced expression of IL6 and BCL2 in mice unable to perform immunoglobulin class switch recombination may result in a lymphoproliferative disease that mimics WM. To evaluate this possibility, we generated compound transgenic BALB/c mice that harbored the human BCL2 and IL6 transgenes, EμSV-BCL2-22 and H2-Ld-hIL6, on the genetic background of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency. We designated these mice BCL2+IL6+AID− and found that they developed—with full genetic penetrance (100% incidence) and suitably short latency (93 days median survival)—a severe IgM+ lymphoproliferative disorder that recapitulated important features of human WM. However, the BCL2+IL6+AID− model also exhibited shortcomings, such as low serum IgM levels and histopathological changes not seen in patients with WM, collectively indicating that further refinements of the model are required to achieve better correlations with disease characteristics of WM.
Photoemission-based microelectronic devices
Authors: Forati Ebrahim , Dill Tyler J. , Tao Andrea R. , Sievenpiper Dan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe vast majority of modern microelectronic devices rely on carriers within semiconductors due to their integrability. Therefore, the performance of these devices is limited due to natural semiconductor properties such as band gap and electron velocity. Replacing the semiconductor channel in conventional microelectronic devices with a gas or vacuum channel may scale their speed, wavelength and power beyond what is available today. However, liberating electrons into gas/vacuum in a practical microelectronic device is quite challenging. It often requires heating, applying high voltages, or using lasers with short wavelengths or high powers. Here, we show that the interaction between an engineered resonant surface and a low-power infrared laser can cause enough photoemission via electron tunnelling to implement feasible microelectronic devices such as transistors, switches and modulators. The proposed photoemission-based devices benefit from the advantages of gas-plasma/vacuum electronic devices while preserving the integrability of semiconductor-based devices.
A sequence variant associating with educational attainment also affects childhood cognition
Authors: Gunnarsson Bjarni , Jónsdóttir Guðrún A. , Björnsdóttir Gyða , Konte Bettina , Sulem Patrick , Kristmundsdóttir Snædís , Kehr Birte , Gústafsson Ómar , Helgason Hannes , Iordache Paul D. , Ólafsson Sigurgeir , Frigge Michael L. , Þorleifsson Guðmar , Arnarsdóttir Sunna , Stefánsdóttir Berglind , Giegling Ina , Djurovic Srdjan , Sundet Kjetil S. , Espeseth Thomas , Melle Ingrid , Hartmann Annette M. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Kong Augustine , Guðbjartsson Daníel F. , Ettinger Ulrich , Andreassen Ole A. , Dan Rujescu  , Halldórsson Jónas G. , Stefánsson Hreinn , Halldórsson Bjarni V. , Stefánsson Kári 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOnly a few common variants in the sequence of the genome have been shown to impact cognitive traits. Here we demonstrate that polygenic scores of educational attainment predict specific aspects of childhood cognition, as measured with IQ. Recently, three sequence variants were shown to associate with educational attainment, a confluence phenotype of genetic and environmental factors contributing to academic success. We show that one of these variants associating with educational attainment, rs4851266-T, also associates with Verbal IQ in dyslexic children (P = 4.3 × 10−4, β = 0.16 s.d.). The effect of 0.16 s.d. corresponds to 1.4 IQ points for heterozygotes and 2.8 IQ points for homozygotes. We verified this association in independent samples consisting of adults (P = 8.3 × 10−5, β = 0.12 s.d., combined P = 2.2 x 10−7, β = 0.14 s.d.). Childhood cognition is unlikely to be affected by education attained later in life, and the variant explains a greater fraction of the variance in verbal IQ than in educational attainment (0.7% vs 0.12%,. P = 1.0 × 10−5).
Surveillance for highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak
Authors: Shriner Susan A. , Root J. Jeffrey , Lutman Mark W. , Kloft Jason M. , VanDalen Kaci K. , Sullivan Heather J. , White Timothy S. , Milleson Michael P. , Hairston Jerry L. , Chandler Shannon C. , Wolf Paul C. , Turnage Clinton T. , McCluskey Brian J. , Vincent Amy L. , Torchetti Mia K. , Gidlewski Thomas , DeLiberto Thomas J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn November 2014, a Eurasian strain H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in Canada. Introduced viruses were soon detected in the United States and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. In an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the Eurasian H5 virus, the United States Department of Agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. As part of those efforts, we sampled synanthropic birds and mammals at five infected and five uninfected poultry farms in northwest Iowa for exposure to avian influenza viruses. Across all farms, we collected 2,627 samples from 648 individual birds and mammals. House mice were the most common mammal species captured while house sparrows, European starlings, rock pigeons, swallows, and American robins were the most commonly captured birds. A single European starling was positive for Eurasian H5 viral RNA and seropositive for antibodies reactive to the Eurasian H5 virus. Two American robins were also seropositive. No mammal species showed evidence of infection. These results indicate synanthropic species merit further scrutiny to better understand potential biosecurity risks. We propose a set of management practices aimed at reducing wildlife incursions.
Identification of G8969>A in mitochondrial ATP6 gene that severely compromises ATP synthase function in a patient with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wen Shuzhen , Niedzwiecka Katarzyna , Zhao Weiwei , Xu Shutian , Liang Shaoshan , Zhu Xiaodong , Xie Honglang , Tribouillard-Tanvier Déborah , Giraud Marie-France , Zeng Caihong , Dautant Alain , Kucharczyk Róża , Liu Zhihong , di Rago Jean-Paul , Chen Huimei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHere we elucidated the pathogenesis of a 14-year-old Chinese female who initially developed an isolated nephropathy followed by a complex clinical presentation with brain and muscle problems, which indicated that the disease process was possibly due to a mitochondrial dysfunction. Careful evaluation of renal biopsy samples revealed a decreased staining of cells induced by COX and NADH dehydrogenase activities, and a strong fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. These anomalies were due to the presence of a mutation in the mitochondrialATP6gene, G8969>A. This mutation leads to replacement of a highly conserved serine residue at position 148 of thea-subunit of ATP synthase. Increasing the mutation load in cybrid cell lines was paralleled by the appearance of abnormal mitochondrial morphologies, diminished respiration and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. An equivalent of the G8969>A mutation in yeast had dramatic consequences on ATP synthase, with a block in proton translocation. The mutation was particularly abundant (89%) in the kidney compared to blood and urine, which is likely the reason why this organ was affected first. Based on these findings, we suggest that nephrologists should pay more attention to the possibility of a mitochondrial dysfunction when evaluating patients suffering from kidney problems.
A critical role of solute carrier 22a14 in sperm motility and male fertility in mice
Authors: Maruyama Shin-ya , Ito Momoe , Ikami Yuusuke , Okitsu Yu , Ito Chizuru , Toshimori Kiyotaka , Fujii Wataru , Yogo Keiichiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe previously identified solute carrier 22a14 (Slc22a14) as a spermatogenesis-associated transmembrane protein in mice. Although Slc22a14 is a member of the organic anion/cation transporter family, its expression profile and physiological role have not been elucidated. Here, we show that Slc22a14 is crucial for sperm motility and male fertility in mice. Slc22a14 is expressed specifically in male germ cells, and mice lacking theSlc22a14gene show severe male infertility. Although the overall differentiation of sperm was normal,Slc22a14−/−cauda epididymal spermatozoa showed reduced motility with abnormal flagellar bending. Further, the ability to migrate into the female reproductive tract and fertilise the oocyte were also impaired inSlc22a14−/−spermatozoa. The abnormal flagellar bending was thought to be partly caused by osmotic cell swelling since osmotic challenge or membrane permeabilisation treatment alleviated the tail abnormality. In addition, we found structural abnormalities inSlc22a14−/−sperm cells: the annulus, a ring-like structure at the mid-piece–principal piece junction, was disorganised, and expression and localisation of septin 4, an annulus component protein that is essential for the annulus formation, was also impaired. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Slc22a14 plays a pivotal role in normal flagellar structure, motility and fertility in mouse spermatozoa.
Fluorescence microscopy reveals molecular localisation at line defects in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Ohzono Takuya , Katoh Kaoru , Fukuda Jun-ichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTopological defects easily form in liquid crystals (LCs) as a result of frustrations in spatially dependent anisotropic molecular ordering, and have been regarded as promising tools for facilitating manipulation of relatively large non-LC materials such as colloids. However, it remains unclear whether low-molecular-weight (LMW) impurities that do not aggregate or self-assemble in bulk LCs because of the dominance of entropy can localise at LC defects. Here, by fluorescence microscopy, we directly show the localisation of LMW molecules at the topological line defects of a nematic LC. It is theoretically explained that excess free energy density of nematic ordering at the defect core allows LMW solutes to accumulate at a non-negligible level overcoming the entropy leading to their uniform distributions. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of LC defects as a bottom-up field that enables micromanipulation of LMW molecules and realisation of transformable three-dimensional micro-architectures composed of versatile small functional molecules.
Probing the PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway using 31P-NMR spectroscopy: routes to glycogen synthase kinase 3
Authors: Phyu Su M. , Tseng Chih-Chung , Fleming Ian N. , Smith Tim A. D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAkt is an intracellular signalling pathway that serves as an essential link between cell surface receptors and cellular processes including proliferation, development and survival. The pathway has many downstream targets including glycogen synthase kinase3 which is a major regulatory kinase for cell cycle transit as well as controlling glycogen synthase activity. The Akt pathway is frequently up-regulated in cancer due to overexpression of receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, or mutation of signalling pathway kinases resulting in inappropriate survival and proliferation. Consequently anticancer drugs have been developed that target this pathway. MDA-MB-468 breast and HCT8 colorectal cancer cells were treated with inhibitors including LY294002, MK2206, rapamycin, AZD8055 targeting key kinases in/associated with Akt pathway and the consistency of changes in 31P-NMR-detecatable metabolite content of tumour cells was examined. Treatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206 reduced phosphocholine levels in MDA-MB-468 cells. Treatment with either the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 and pan-mTOR inhibitor, AZD8055 but not pan-Akt inhibitor MK2206 increased uridine-5′-diphosphate-hexose cell content which was suppressed by co-treatment with glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor SB216763. This suggests that there is an Akt-independent link between phosphoinositol-3-kinase and glycogen synthase kinase3 and demonstrates the potential of 31P-NMR to probe intracellular signalling pathways.