bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical and finite element methodology modeling of the thermal management of 3D IC with through silicon via
Authors: Wu Mei-Ling , Lan Jia-Shen 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to develop the thermal resistance network model based on the heat dissipation paths from the multi-die stack to the ambient and takes into account the composite effects of the thermal spreading resistance and one-dimensional (1D) thermal resistance. The thermal spreading resistance comprises majority of the thermal resistance when heat flows in the horizontal direction of a large plate. The present study investigates the role of determining the temperature increase compared to the thermal resistances intrinsic to the 3D technology, including the thermal resistances of bonding layers and through silicon vias (TSVs).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an effective method that can be applied to predict the thermal failure of the heat source of silicon chips. An analytical model of the 3D integrated circuit (IC) package, including the full structure, is developed to estimate the temperature of stacked chips. Two fundamental theories are used in this paper – Laplace’s equation and the thermal resistance network – to calculate 1D thermal resistance and thermal spreading resistance on the 3D IC package.

Findings
This paper provides a comprehensive model of the 3D IC package, thus improving the existing analytical approach for predicting the temperature of the heat source on the chip for the 3D IC package.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the aforementioned shortcomings, the present study aims to determine if the use of an analytical resistance model would improve the handling of a temperature increase on the silicon chips in a 3D IC package. To achieve this aim, a simple rectangular plate is utilized to analyze the temperature of the heat source when applying the heat flux on the area of the heat source. Next, the analytical model of a pure plate is applied to the 3D IC package, and the temperature increase is analyzed and discussed.

Practical implications
The main contribution of this paper is the use of a simple concept and a theoretical resistance network model to improve the current understanding of thermal failure by redesigning the parameters or materials of a printed circuit board.

Social implications
In this paper, an analytical model of a 3D IC package was proposed based on the calculation of the thermal resistance and the analysis of the network model.

Originality/value
The aim of this work was to estimate the mean temperature of the silicon chips and understand the heat convection paths in the 3D IC package. The results reveal these phenomena of the complete structure, including TSV and bump, and highlight the different thermal conductivities of the materials used in creating the 3D IC packages.
The role of weather and density dependence on population dynamics of Alpine‐dwelling red deer
Authors: BONARDI Anna , CORLATTI Luca , BRAGALANTI Natalia , PEDROTTI Luca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe dynamics of red deer Cervus elaphus populations has been investigated across different environmental conditions, with the notable exception of the European Alps. Although the population dynamics of mountain‐dwelling ungulates is typically influenced by the interaction between winter severity and density, the increase of temperatures and the reduction of snowpack occurring on the Alps since the 1980s may be expected to alter this pattern, especially in populations dwelling at medium ‐ low elevations. Taking advantage of a 29‐year time series of spring count data, we explored the role of weather stochasticity and density dependence on growth rate and vital rates (mortality and weaning success), and the density‐dependent variation in body mass in a red deer population of the Italian Alps. The interaction between increasing values of density and snow depth exerted negative and positive effects on growth and mortality rates, respectively, while weaning success was negatively affected by increasing values of density, female‐biased sex ratio and snow depth. Body mass of males and females of different age classes declined as population size increased. Our data support the role of winter severity and density dependence as key components of red deer population dynamics, and provide insight into the species' ecology on the European Alps. Despite the recent decline of snowpack on the Alpine Region, the negative impacts of winter severity and population abundance on growth rrate (possibly mediated by the density‐dependent decline in body mass) confirms the importance of overwinter mortality in affecting the population dynamics of Alpine‐dwelling red deer.
Addressing Inconsistencies in the Social Norms Drinking Literature: Development of the Injunctive Norms Drinking and Abstaining Behaviors Questionnaire
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Colder Craig R. , Read Jennifer P. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundInformed by inconsistent findings regarding the association between injunctive norms (IN) and drinking behaviors, the current study developed a new measure of IN, the Injunctive Norms Drinking and Abstaining Behaviors Questionnaire (IN‐DABQ). This measure addressed several psychometric weaknesses of prior assessment of this construct, specifically, reliance on single‐item measures, and assessment of a limited range of drinking behaviors. The new measure also assessed norms for reasons for abstaining from drinking as college students often have simultaneous motives to use and inhibit their drug use. A parallel measure of descriptive norms (DN), the Descriptive Norms Drinking and Abstaining Behaviors Questionnaire (DN‐DABQ), was created to allow for a comparison of the relative predictive effects of descriptive and IN in relation to different drinking outcomes.MethodsA college sample (N = 254, female = 50.42%) was recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, social norms for 3 referents, weekly alcohol use, and alcohol‐related consequences.ResultsExploratory factor analyses indicated 2 factors for the DN‐DABQ and 3 factors for the IN‐DABQ. The IN Drinking Behaviors factor consistently predicted weekly consumption and alcohol‐related consequences across 3 reference groups (typical college student at your school, friends, and closest friends).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that prior inconsistencies in the relationship between IN and drinking behaviors are likely a function of poor measurement of this construct. Implications for normative feedback interventions are discussed.
Market Return, Liquidity, and Trading Activity of Various Trader Types in the Emerging Market: A Study of the TAIFEX
Authors: Hao Ying , Chou Robin K. , Ho Keng‐Yu , Weng Pei‐Shih 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUsing a large data set with detailed classifications of different trader types, this study sheds further light on the trading activity of various trader types on the Taiwan futures exchange (TAIFEX). Compared with domestic traders on the TAIFEX, we find that foreign institutional traders act as contrarians. In addition, when the market becomes illiquid, foreign institutional traders are net buyers and individual traders are net sellers. The result implies that both foreign institutional traders and individual traders may contribute to the recovery of liquidity dry‐ups together. Among all traders, only the order imbalance of foreign institutional investors presents return predictability when the market is illiquid, which suggests they have an information advantage in such a market.
Liquidity Commonality in Individuals’ Order Flows: New Evidence from the Taiwanese Stock Market
Authors: Hsieh Wen‐liang Gideon , Lin Yuan‐yi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBy using data that distinguish order flow among types of trader, we provide new evidence that retail investors’ trading leads to strong liquidity commonality in the Taiwanese stock market. The liquidity provision of retail traders is cross‐sectionally correlated with each other and comoves closely with the market‐wide liquidity. Order flows of foreign and domestic institutional traders, despite co‐moving within their order flows, contribute substantially less to the market‐wide commonality. Commonality is stronger for large and index‐included stocks. The size effect and index inclusion effect are found for retailers’ order flows but not with institutional liquidity provision. Our results suggest that herd trading among retail investors can drive liquidity commonality in markets with active individual participants.
Effects of fatty acid transport protein 1 on proliferation and differentiation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Luo Yanliu , Wang Ruisheng , Zhou Bo , Huang Zhiqing , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Liu Guangmang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) plays an important role in the fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. However, its role in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of pFATP1 on porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of pFATP1 in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes significantly promoted the proliferation of porcine intramuscular preadipocytes, and also significantly upregulated the expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthetase and perilipin 1. Moreover, overexpression of pFATP1 in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes significantly increased fat accumulation and downregulated β‐catenin protein expression. Overall, our results indicated that pFATP1 played an important role in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation, and it might promote adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular preadipocytes by repressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
ABO blood group antigen mismatch has an impact on outcome after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Grube Matthias , Wolff Daniel , Ahrens Norbert , Herzberg Philipp Y. , Herr Wolfgang , Holler Ernst 
Published: September 2016

AbstractABO blood group antigen incompatibility (ABO mismatch) is not an obstacle to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). However, the impact on clinical outcome after allo‐SCT remains controversial. We analyzed 512 patients after allogeneic peripheral blood SCT (allo‐PBSCT) for an association of ABO mismatch with transfusion requirements, myeloid and platelet engraftment, the incidence of GvHD, relapse, transplant‐related mortality (TRM), and overall survival (OS). A total of 260 patients underwent ABO‐mismatched transplantation and the control group consisted of 252 patients with ABO‐matched allo‐PBSCT. We found a significant association between major‐0 ABO mismatch (group 0 recipient/group A, B, or AB donor) and increased red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusion requirements (both P<.001) as well as delayed platelet engraftment (P<.001). Minor‐A (group A recipient/group 0 donor) and minor‐AB (group AB recipient/group 0, A, or B donor) ABO mismatch was significantly associated with an increased TRM after allo‐PBSCT (P=.001 and P=.02). In multivariate analysis performed using Cox regression, minor ABO mismatch appeared as independent risk factor for TRM after allo‐PBSCT. No association was found for ABO mismatch with the incidence of GvHD, relapse, and OS. Our results suggest that ABO blood group mismatch has a significant impact on the outcome and that minor‐A and minor‐AB ABO mismatch represents a risk factor for increased TRM after allo‐PBSCT.
A resilience intervention involving mindfulness training for transplant patients and their caregivers
Authors: Stonnington Cynthia M. , Darby Betty , Santucci Angela , Mulligan Pamela , Pathuis Patricia , Cuc Andrea , Hentz Joseph G. , Zhang Nan , Mulligan David , Sood Amit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSolid organ and stem cell transplant patients and their caregivers report a substantial level of distress. Mindfulness‐based stress reduction has been shown to alleviate distress associated with transplant, but there is limited experience in this population with other mindfulness‐based interventions, or with combined transplant patient and caregiver interventions. We evaluated a novel, 6‐week mindfulness‐based resilience training (MBRT) class for transplant patients and their caregivers that incorporates mindfulness practice, yoga, and neuroscience of stress and resilience. Thirty‐one heart, liver, kidney/pancreas, and stem cell transplant patients and 18 caregivers at Mayo Clinic in Arizona participated. Measures of stress, resilience, depression, anxiety, health‐related quality of life, positive and negative affect, and sleep were completed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months postintervention. At 6 weeks and 3 months, patients demonstrated significant (P<.005) improvements from baseline in measures of perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and negative affect. Quality‐of‐life mental component (P=.006) and positive affect (P=.02) also improved at follow‐up. Most participants adhered to the program, were satisfied with class length and frequency, and reported improved well‐being as a result of the class. MBRT holds promise as an intervention to enhance resilience and manage stress for transplant patients and their caregivers.
Response to second treatment after initial failed treatment in a multicenter prospective infantile spasms cohort
Authors: Knupp Kelly G. , Leister Erin , Coryell Jason , Nickels Katherine C. , Ryan Nicole , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Gaillard William D. , Mytinger John R. , Berg Anne T. , Millichap John , Nordli Douglas R. , Joshi Sucheta , Shellhaas Renée A. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Dlugos Dennis , Wirrell Elaine , Sullivan Joseph , Hartman Adam L. , Kossoff Eric H. , Grinspan Zachary M. , Hamikawa Lorie ,   the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveInfantile spasms (IS) represent a severe epileptic encephalopathy presenting in the first 2 years of life. Recommended first‐line therapies (hormonal therapy or vigabatrin) often fail. We evaluated response to second treatment for IS in children in whom the initial therapy failed to produce both clinical remission and electrographic resolution of hypsarhythmia and whether time to treatment was related to outcome.MethodsThe National Infantile Spasms Consortium established a multicenter, prospective database enrolling infants with new diagnosis of IS. Children were considered nonresponders to first treatment if there was no clinical remission or persistence of hypsarhythmia. Treatment was evaluated as hormonal therapy (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] or oral corticosteroids), vigabatrin, or “other.” Standard treatments (hormonal and vigabatrin) were compared to all other nonstandard treatments. We compared response rates using chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOne hundred eighteen infants were included from 19 centers. Overall response rate to a second treatment was 37% (n = 44). Children who received standard medications with differing mechanisms for first and second treatment had higher response rates than other sequences (27/49 [55%] vs. 17/69 [25%], p < 0.001). Children receiving first treatment within 4 weeks of IS onset had a higher response rate to second treatment than those initially treated later (36/82 [44%] vs. 8/34 [24%], p = 0.040).SignificanceGreater than one third of children with IS will respond to a second medication. Choosing a standard medication (ACTH, oral corticosteroids, or vigabatrin) that has a different mechanism of action appears to be more effective. Rapid initial treatment increases the likelihood of response to the second treatment.
A European monitoring protocol for the stag beetle, a saproxylic flagship species
Authors: Campanaro Alessandro , Zapponi Livia , Hardersen Sönke , Méndez Marcos , Al Fulaij Nida , Audisio Paolo , Bardiani Marco , Carpaneto Giuseppe M. , Corezzola Serena , Della Rocca Francesca , Harvey Deborah , Hawes Colin , Kadej Marcin , Karg Jerzy , Rink Markus , Smolis Adrian , Sprecher Eva , Thomaes Arno , Toni Ilaria , Vrezec Al , Zauli Agnese , Zilioli Michele , Chiari Stefano 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Developing protocols for threatened invertebrates is often challenging, because they are not only rare but also elusive. This is the case with the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus), a protected and flagship species for the saproxylic beetle fauna in Europe.

We applied a standard transect walk at a European scale (8 countries, 29 transects) to test its practicability and reliability as survey design.

A total of 533 sightings were recorded throughout the sampling period, but detection probability changed as the season progressed. Considering the observed activity pattern, occupancy models showed that a short period of three consecutive weeks, between the middle of June and the first week of July, resulted in a high probability of detection (P > 0.7). As time of the peak of activity varies from year to year and between sites, we propose to extend the sampling period to five weekly surveys.

Detailed information on the transect characteristics and the optimal time for surveying were analysed. The data indicate that a weekly transect at dusk provides a reliable method for monitoring this species throughout its distributional range. No correlation was found between latitude, longitude and phenology of sightings, however.

However, a standard method such as the one presented, allows broadening the scale of monitoring studies, provinding data to evaluate the efficacy of conservation measures.
Evaluation of professional supervision in Aotearoa/New Zealand: An interprofessional study
Authors: Davys Allyson Mary , O'Connell Michael , May Janet , Burns Beverley 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe evaluation of professional supervision has been a focus for discussion in the supervision literature over past decades. A review of the literature in this area, however, suggests that evaluation has been differently defined, variously addressed, and a range of outcomes reported. The present study reports the findings of the first stage of a three‐stage study of evaluation in professional supervision in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Experienced practitioners from the four professions of counselling, mental health nursing, psychology, and social work were interviewed to explore how evaluation in professional supervision is understood and actioned in practice. Twenty four semistructured interviews were conducted with supervisees, supervisors, and managers from each of the identified professions. The findings from these interviews indicate that a majority of participants applied some form of evaluation to their supervision arrangement. These evaluations, however, did not reflect an overarching organizational or professional culture of formal evaluation, but rather, an individualized ad‐hoc process initiated by one or both of the participants (supervisor and supervisee). These evaluations focussed predominantly on the process, rather than the outcomes, of supervision. While many respondents expressed interest in a formal process for evaluating supervision, a number of concerns were also raised. These concerns included a lack of evaluation skills and resource, the potential for formal evaluation to have a negative impact on the supervision relationship, the importance of maintaining the boundaries of confidentiality, and a wariness regarding the possible use of any information gathered.
Fabrication of ThN Using a Carbothermic Reduction to Nitridation Process
Authors: Parkison Adam J. , Parker Stephen S. , Nelson Andrew T. 
Published: September 2016

A carbothermic reduction to nitridation process was developed which is capable of producing high‐purity thorium mononitride (ThN) in bulk quantities. This was accomplished through study of three distinct processing routes using thermogravimetric analysis. The information gathered was then used to guide development of a draft process, which was tested within a tungsten production furnace. Scaling issues were identified and corrected following the draft process. Finally, a partitioned process was developed in response to the draft process which separates the reduction from the nitridation and carbon cleanup steps. This partitioned process was demonstrated to be capable of producing phase‐pure ThN, with oxygen and carbon impurities of 990 ± 130 wppm and 240 ± 30 wppm, respectively.
Palatal wound healing using a xenogeneic collagen matrix – histological outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Hilbe Monika , Bienz Stefan P. , Sancho‐Puchades Manuel , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to test whether or not a collagen matrix can improve early wound healing compared to spontaneous healing based on histological and immunohistologic analyses.MethodsIn 20 volunteers, 6 mm punch biopsies were harvested at the palate. A xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) was sutured in one site; the other one was left untreated (control). Biopsies with a diameter of 8 mm were subsequently obtained at 4, 8, 15 and 29 days and histological and immunohistologic analyses were performed.ResultsAt day 4, wound bed keratinization amounted to 12.4 ± 7.5% (control) and 18.0 ± 10.2% (XCM). This increased up to day 8 (19.7 ± 25.5% control; 29.1 ± 8.0% XCM) and reached complete keratinization at day 15 in both groups. The quantitative analyses of the superficial compartment measured an increase in the amount of granulation tissue (32–88% control; 14–41% XCM) from day 4 to day 8. Angiogenesis was first detected at 8 days. At day 29, the amount of connective tissue in all compartments reached values similar to the native tissue at baseline.ConclusionsThe application of a XCM as a wound dressing on palatal wounds might be beneficial in the early stages of wound healing. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these results.
Rumination in dysphoric mothers negatively affects mother–infant interactions
Authors: Tester‐Jones Michelle , Karl Anke , Watkins Edward , O'Mahen Heather 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPostnatal maternal depressive symptoms are consistently associated with reduced quality of mother–infant interaction. However, there is little research examining the role of maternal cognitive factors (e.g. rumination) in the relationship between depressive symptoms and mother–infant interaction quality. This study investigated the hypotheses that: dysphoric mothers would demonstrate less sensitive behaviour towards their infants compared with nondysphoric mothers; mothers induced to ruminate would be less sensitive towards infants; rumination would moderate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity and the impact of the rumination induction would increase following a stressor (still face) task.MethodMothers (N = 79; 39 dysphoric and 40 nondysphoric) and their infants were randomised to either a rumination induction or a control condition. Maternal sensitivity in mother–infant interactions was assessed before and after the induction using the CARE Index. In the second interaction task, mothers also completed the still‐face procedure as a stressor.ResultsExtending previous research, mixed measures ANOVAs demonstrated that dysphoric mothers had reduced quality of interaction with their infant compared with nondysphoric mothers and that mothers in the rumination condition exhibited reduced sensitivity towards their infants relative to mothers in the control condition. Further, maternal sensitivity worsened further after the still‐face procedure in the rumination condition, but not in the control condition.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the repetitive, internal focus of a ruminative state is causally implicated in mother–infant interaction quality, regardless of the level of depressive symptoms. This research extends understanding of specific mechanisms involved in the quality of the mother–infant relationship.