bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of the RNA world: The fate of nucleobases in warm little ponds
Authors: Pearce Ben K. D. , Pudritz Ralph E. , Semenov Dmitry A. , Henning Thomas K. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
There are currently two competing hypotheses for the site at which an RNA world emerged: hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean and warm little ponds. Because the former lacks wet and dry cycles, which are well known to promote polymerization (in this case, of nucleotides into RNA), we construct a comprehensive model for the origin of RNA in the latter sites. Our model advances the story and timeline of the RNA world by constraining the source of biomolecules, the environmental conditions, the timescales of reaction, and the emergence of first RNA polymers.
Extracellular vesicles from human pancreatic islets suppress human islet amyloid polypeptide amyloid formation
Authors: Ribeiro Diana , Horvath Istvan , Heath Nikki , Hicks Ryan , Forslöw Anna , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceProtein assembly into amyloid fibers underlies such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) also involves amyloid formation, although in the pancreas. Because there are no cures for amyloid diseases and T2D is on the rise due to an increasing prevalence of obesity, identifying involved mechanisms and control processes is of utmost importance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate physiological and pathological communication both locally and at a distance. Here, we demonstrate that EVs secreted from healthy, but not from T2D, pancreatic cells slow amyloid formation of the major peptide found in amyloid deposits in T2D. We propose an EV-mediated process that tempers amyloid formation in the pancreas at normal conditions, which breaks down in T2D due to altered EV protein–lipid composition.
Local synaptic integration enables ON-OFF asymmetric and layer-specific visual information processing in vGluT3 amacrine cell dendrites
Authors: Chen Minggang , Lee Seunghoon , Zhou Z. Jimmy 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Retinal vGluT3 amacrine cells (GACs) release glutamate and glycine to enhance and suppress contrast/motion sensitivity, respectively. GACs' relatively compact size and diffuse ramification pattern suggest global dendritic processing of visual signals across ON and OFF sublayers of the inner plexiform layer. Surprisingly, we find that signal spread in GAC dendrites is limited in both vertical and lateral dimensions. Vertical restriction preserves the fundamental ON-OFF segregation scheme, while lateral restriction enables high-resolution visual processing within a sublayer. Both types of local processing are achieved mainly by synaptic inhibition, though facilitated by intrinsic electrotonic decay. The ability to encode visual signals locally in dendritic segments allows GACs to function in a multiplexed circuit, where the outputs are fine-tuned for diverse, circuit-specific targets.
Structural basis underlying complex assembly and conformational transition of the type I R-M system
Authors: Liu Yan-Ping , Tang Qun , Zhang Jie-Zhong , Tian Li-Fei , Gao Pu , Yan Xiao-Xue 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Type I restriction-modification (R-M) enzymes are large molecular machines found in the majority of bacterial species. They can add methylation modifications to the self-DNA and degrade the invading unmodified DNA. The lack of high-resolution structures of type I R-M complexes impairs our understanding of the mechanism of subunit assembly and conformational transition. Here we report the first high-resolution structure of the type I MTase complex in its “open” conformation, including one DNA-recognition subunit, two DNA-modification subunits, one bound DNA, and two S-adenosyl methionine cofactors. We propose an updated model for the complex assembly and conformational transition. The structural and biochemical characterization of the type I R-M system reported in this study provides guidelines for future applications in molecular biology.
Elliptical orbits of microspheres in an evanescent field
Authors: Liu Lulu , Kheifets Simon , Ginis Vincent , Di Donato Andrea , Capasso Federico 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Using a highly sensitive particle-tracking scheme, we report an observation of elliptical motion of microparticles driven by a single evanescent field. We show that this behavior is highly tunable and predictable using a theoretical model that accounts for Mie scattering and hydrodynamic drag. The significance is twofold. First, our work represents an important step in understanding the detailed dynamics of microparticles in a fluidic environment—especially near a surface—a prerequisite for effective application of optically driven microparticles as functional elements in optofluidic devices. Second, our method could complement current structured-light approaches for inducing orbital motion in microparticles, with readily tunable parameters of motion including orbital frequency, radius, and ellipticity.
Using the Conversation Analytic Role-play Method in healthcare interpreter education
Authors: Niemants Natacha , Stokoe Elizabeth 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the teaching of communication and interaction skills to learners who have already had the chance to acquire the basics of dialogue interpreting (DI) and to practice it through role-playing. It argues that traditional simulated scenarios should be complemented by alternative techniques using authentic data, and research findings about them, and suggests how this can be done with students at undergraduate and especially graduate level, as they learn to adapt their skills to particular interactional contingencies and to make judgments about particular situations. The technique developed by Stokoe (2011a) – the Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) – will be exemplified using authentic French-Italian interpreter-mediated healthcare data. However, CARM can readily be adapted to fit other languages and/or domains, provided that the teacher has a collection of audio-and/or video-recorded interpreter-mediated interactions available and a thorough understanding of conversation analysis.
A case for agreement
Authors: Gor Kira , Chrabaszcz Anna , Cook Svetlana 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Previous research on Russian nominal inflection reports a processing advantage for the Nominative case, the citation form, in native and
highly proficient nonnative speakers (Gor, Chrabaszcz, & Cook, 2017). However, it remains
unclear whether this advantage is present only in single-word presentation, or it is a fundamental property of lexical storage and access.
Moreover, it is unknown whether the processing costs for different cases in native and nonnative word recognition reflect the hierarchical
structure of the nominal paradigm where cases have different functional load and type frequency. We report two lexical decision experiments
with cross-modal morphosyntactic priming, which compare the processing of case-inflected noun targets preceded by adjective primes with
ambiguous oblique-case inflections by native speakers, early (heritage) and late learners of Russian. While all groups showed a processing
advantage for the citation form, only native speakers and highly proficient late learners were sensitive to the oblique-case type frequency
hierarchy.
Social keywords in postcolonial Melanesian discourse
Authors: Levisen Carsten , Priestley Carol 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In postcolonial Melanesia, cultural discourses are increasingly organised around creole words, i.e. keywords of Bislama (Vanuatu) and Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea). These words constitute (or represent) important emerging ethnolinguistic worldviews, which are partly borne out of the colonial era, and partly out of postcolonial ethno-rhetoric. This chapter explores the word kastom ‘traditional culture’ in Bislama and pasin bilong tumbuna ‘the ways of the ancestors’ in Tok Pisin. Specific attention is paid to the shift from “negative “ to “positive” semantics, following from the re-evaluation of ancestral practices in postcolonial discourse. Social keywords in postcolonial discourse form a fertile ground for understanding how speakers in Melanesia conceptualise the past as a vital part of the present.
Talking about Livet ‘life’ in Golden Age Danish
Authors: Hamann Magnus , Levisen Carsten 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This chapter explicates the word Livet, literally ‘the life’, a cultural keyword of the Danish Golden Age (1800–1850). With evidence from Golden Age Danish and its era-specific webs of words, we explore how “life and living” were construed discursively. We discuss how they relate to contemporary discourses of “the good life” in English and the related Danish calque det gode liv. We argue that era-specific cultural semantics should not be seen as being substantially different from other kinds of culture-specific discourses and that historical varieties such as Golden Age Danish can help us dismantle the hegemonic modern and Anglo take on “narratives of life” which dominate contemporary global discourse.
How French sheds new light on scalar particles
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the behavior of the French scalar focus-sensitive particles même, quand même, ne serait-ce que, and seulement as compared to English even and only. I first show that French même displays a more restricted distribution than even; this behavior and that of its antonym quand même argue for the scope theory against the ambiguity theory of even. Secondly, I demonstrate that the behavior of ne serait-ce que and seulement reveal the existence of an intrinsic link between even-like particles and only-like particles. To capture this observation, and more generally the organic relation between scalar particles, I propose a new, parsimonious, theory that builds scalarity, additivity, and exclusivity of scalar particles into a conjunctive or disjunctive meaning.
Aktionsart and event modification in Spanish adjectival passives
Authors: García-Pardo Alfredo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
I observe that the Aktionsart of the underlying VP within the participle plays a key role in the (un-)availability of event-related modification in Spanish adjectival passives: telic VPs disallow event-related modifiers, but stative causative VPs allow them. I adopt a temporal syntax framework (Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria 2000 et seq) for the structure of the VP, and propose that the temporal argument (EV-T) of telic verbs is external to the VP. Adjectivization happens before EV-T projects and thus the event is not spatio-temporally instantiated, effectively barring event-related modification. Stative causatives’ temporal argument is internal to the VP and thus adjectivization cannot prevent its projection.
Circumventing ɸ-minimality
Authors: Nunes Jairo 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this paper I argue that locative agreement and possessor raising in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) should be subsumed under Nunes’s (2008) analysis of hyper-raising in BP. More specifically, I propose that these unorthodox instances of A-movement in BP do not violate minimality, for the crossed potential interveners become inert for purposes of A-movement after receiving inherent Case. The proposed analysis extends to “extralong” cases of possessor raising and mixed patterns involving possessor raising out of locative configurations and provides an account for the role of the EPP in bleeding ɸ-minimality.
When a piece of phonology becomes a piece of syntax
Authors: Tortora Christina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This work argues against the view that phonological factors play a role in the distribution of vocalic auxiliary subject clitics (vocalic auxiliary scls), namely, those scls which occur with auxiliary verbs beginning in a vowel. Evidence is given to support the view that such scls are purely syntactic entities, whose distribution is governed only by syntactic factors. The analysis leads to a re-casting of vocalic auxiliary scls as “be-scls,” where the phonological structure of the auxiliary becomes irrelevant. Removing the phonological component from the explanation of the behavior of these syntactic elements further allows us to make fruitful connections with many other syntactic phenomena which would not otherwise have been seen.
Childhood, environment and subjective well-being / Infancia, ambiente y bienestar subjetivo
Authors: Galli Francielli , Castellá-Sarriera Jorge , Bedin Lívia 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the subjective well-being of children and their environmental attitudes, as well as their environmental satisfaction. A total of 1,746 Brazilian children (53.5% girls) took part in this study, aged between eight and 13 ( M = 10.17; SD = 1.49). Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out, using the Personal Well-being Index — School Children as the dependent variable, and socio-demographic data, items from the Environmental Attitudes Scale for Children (EAAN) and the Scale for Environmental Satisfaction among Children (EISA) as the independent variables. The results indicated that 12% of variance in well-being was explained by five items from the EAAN scale and by the city of residence. A further 14.9% was explained by five items on the EISA scale and by the variables city and age. The presence of environmental attitudes, talking to parents about environmental issues, cleanliness of their school and contact with animals and nature are some of the predictors of well-being, along with living in towns and cities inland. The study supports the consideration of environment as an indicator of well-being among children.
How do people with weak and strong pro-environmental worldviews process visual climate change information? An EEG study / ¿Cómo procesan la información visual relacionada con el cambio climático las personas con una visión del mundo ambiental arraigada o sin ella? Un estudio con EEG
Authors: Van Geffen Lisanne (E.J.) , Hollup Stig-Arvid , Klöckner Christian A. 
Published: October 2017

In a pioneering work, this study explores the potential that may be found in combining the environmental psychological concept environmental worldview with the neurocognitive study technique electroencephalography (EEG). With this research, we aim to bridge between the research traditions of environmental communication and neuro-cognition by investigating in an qEEG experiment ( N = 19) if different levels of environmental worldview, measured by the NEP, influence the processing of visual climate change imagery, reflected by the theta and gamma oscillations in the frontal and parietal areas. Our results confirm the assumptions that there is a relationship between the degree of environmental worldview and visual environmental communication processing. The pattern is interpreted as an indication that people with weak pro-environmental worldviews show cognitive signs of mismatch between what is in line with their environmental worldview and what they are confronted with in the visual stimulus.
Natural and urban environments determining environmental beliefs and behaviours, economic thought and happiness / Ambientes naturales y urbanos determinan creencias y comportamientos ambientales, el pensamiento económico y la felicidad
Authors: Moyano-Díaz Emilio , Palomo-Vélez Gonzalo , Olivos Pablo , Sepúlveda-Fuentes Jorge 
Published: October 2017

This article compares attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour, liberal economic thinking, happiness and favourability to the construction of nuclear power plants in two physical and cultural contrasting Chilean territories — one of them insular, predominantly natural or rural (Easter Island) and the other continental, eminently urban (Talca). It examines 145 adult participants (57.2% continental) of both sexes (66.2% women), who answered the NEP-R on environmental attitudes, the Ecological Behaviour Scale (EBS), the Economic Liberalism Scale (ECOL), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and a question on the agreement of the construction of nuclear power plants. Insular participants report greener behaviour and happiness than their continental peers, while the latter ones tend to show more positive attitudes towards the environment and more liberal economic thought. In both territories, adults over 30 years old report more ecological behaviours than youth, and continental adults have a more pronounced liberal economic thinking than their insular peers, but this difference vanishes among young people. The results are discussed regarding the literature on the effect of culture on thinking, attitudes and behaviour.
Emotional Intimacy in Literature
Authors: Holliday John 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
When reading literature, we might have an emotional connection with the author, or at least what appears to be such, even when that literature is a work of fiction. But it is unclear how a work of fictional literature could supply the resources for such an experience. It is, after all, a work of fiction, not a report of the author’s experience, as with memoir or autobiography. The task of this paper is twofold: first, to explain the nature and value of this emotional experience; second, to argue that a fictional literary work can supply the resources for such an experience.
Distribution and fate of trawling-induced suspension of sediments in a marine protected area
Authors: Linders Torsten , Nilsson Per , Wikström Andreas , Sköld Mattias 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Bottom trawls suspend sediments by physical contact and the drag created by the gear when towed over the seafloor. Increased turbidity and redistribution of sediments may be of concern as some organisms are vulnerable to increased levels of sediment particles in the water column. This study investigates the distribution and fate of trawling-induced suspension of sediments in a coastal marine protected area (MPA). Bottom trawling is allowed in a deep trench of the MPA and regulated to weekdays with weekend closures. We use the closed period as controls to experimentally investigate sediment resuspension generated by the trawling fleet. We find that the turbidity is elevated at trawled depths and originates from small particles of silt–mud seafloor origin that remain suspended for days preventing background levels to be reached during closures. Peaks in the plumes behind trawlers reach levels critical to organisms but decays within hours. Currents in the trench are too weak to resuspend sediments; however, wind-induced resuspension events of elevated turbidity likely originating from nearby shallower areas may occur. Short-term closures and small-scale MPAs are concluded to be of limited use as management tools to reduce effects of resuspension by bottom trawling.
An Approach to Higher Teichmüller Spaces for General Groups
Authors: Le Ian 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Let $S$ be a surface, $G$ a simply-connected semi-simple group, and $G'$ the associated adjoint form of the group. In Fock and Goncharov [4], the authors show that the moduli spaces of framed local systems $\mathcal{X}_{G',S}$ and $\mathcal{A}_{G,S}$ have the structure of cluster varieties when $G$ had type $A$. This was extended to classical groups in Le [12]. In this article, we give a method for constructing the cluster structure for general reductive groups $G$. The method depends on being able to carry out some explicit computations, and depends on some mild hypotheses, which we state, and which we believe hold in general. These hypotheses hold when $G$ has type $G_2,$ and therefore we are able to construct the cluster structure in this case. We also illustrate our approach by rederiving the cluster structure for $G$ of type $A$. Our goals are to give some heuristics for the approach taken in Le [12], point out the difficulties that arise for more general groups, and to record some useful calculations. Forthcoming work by Goncharov and Shen gives a different approach to constructing the cluster structure on $\mathcal{X}_{G',S}$ and $\mathcal{A}_{G,S}$. We hope that some of the ideas here complement their more comprehensive work.
The Feedback Tango: An Integrative Review and Analysis of the Content of the Teacher–Learner Feedback Exchange
Authors: Bing-You Robert , Varaklis Kalli , Hayes Victoria , Trowbridge Robert , Kemp Heather , McKelvy Dina 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To conduct an integrative review and analysis of the literature on the content of feedback to learners in medical education.

Method
Following completion of a scoping review in 2016, the authors analyzed a subset of articles published through 2015 describing the analysis of feedback exchange content in various contexts: audiotapes, clinical examination, feedback cards, multisource feedback, videotapes, and written feedback. Two reviewers extracted data from these articles and identified common themes.

Results
Of the 51 included articles, about half (49%) were published since 2011. Most involved medical students (43%) or residents (43%). A leniency bias was noted in many (37%), as there was frequently reluctance to provide constructive feedback. More than one-quarter (29%) indicated the feedback was low in quality (e.g., too general, limited amount, no action plans). Some (16%) indicated faculty dominated conversations, did not use feedback forms appropriately, or provided inadequate feedback, even after training. Multiple feedback tools were used, with some articles (14%) describing varying degrees of use, completion, or legibility. Some articles (14%) noted the impact of the gender of the feedback provider or learner.

Conclusions
The findings reveal that the exchange of feedback is troubled by low-quality feedback, leniency bias, faculty deficient in feedback competencies, challenges with multiple feedback tools, and gender impacts. Using the tango dance form as a metaphor for this dynamic partnership, the authors recommend ways to improve feedback for teachers and learners willing to partner with each other and engage in the complexities of the feedback exchange.
Beyond “Dr. Feel-Good”: A Role for the Humanities in Medical Education
Authors: Kumagai Arno K. 
Published: October 2017

Although educators embrace the values that are nominally included in the idea of “the art and science of medicine,” the arts and humanities have remained at the edges of medical education. One reason for this exile is the overwhelming emphasis in the curriculum on biomedical science over the social sciences and humanities. Other causes are self-inflicted—a frequent lack of theoretical rigor in the design of educational offerings and, more important, no clear answer to the question of how the humanities can make better physicians. A common justification for including the arts and humanities in medical education—that spending time with literature, music, and the visual arts contributes to student and faculty reflection and well-being—is compelling; however, it risks further marginalizing the field as a soft, feel-good supplement to training.
In this Invited Commentary, the author proposes several unique ways in which the arts and humanities contribute to the development of physicians who practice with excellence, compassion, and justice.
These ways include disrupting taken-for-granted beliefs and assumptions; introducing a pause in perceiving, thinking, and acting; encouraging engagement with complexity and ambiguity; seeing past the surface to historical and societal influences and causes; and encouraging an awareness of the multiple, unique voices and perspectives of patients. Ultimately, the humanities prompt awareness of the space in which physicians care for human beings in their moments of greatest need and bear witness to fundamental changes in their patients and in themselves.