bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Schools in England: ‘Not Unlike other Schools’?
Authors: WIBORG SUSANNE , GREEN FRANCIS , TAYLOR-GOOBY PETER , WILDE RACHEL J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the argument that choice and competition will unleash entrepreneurial innovation in free schools. Free schools were introduced as a subset of the Academies by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition government, following the general election in 2010. The government made it possible for non-state providers to set up their own independent, state-funded schools in order to create more choice, competition and innovation. We conclude that a higher level of substantive innovation is taking place in regards to management practices than in respect of curriculum and pedagogical practices. Innovation in curriculum and pedagogical practices is very limited. Creating a free school offer that seems to differ from other schools appears to be done through marketing and branding rather than innovation. We argue that parents, OFSTED, and the relative isolation of free schools constrain innovation from taking place.
Imposed institutions and preferences for redistribution
Authors: CHONG ALBERTO , GRADSTEIN MARK 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo what extent do imposed institutions shape preferences? We consider this issue by comparing the market-versus-state attitudes of respondents from a capitalist country, Finland, and from an ex-communist group of Baltic countries, and by arguing that the period of communist rule can be viewed as an ‘experiment’ in institutional imposition. We find that, consistent with some earlier related work, citizens from ex-communist countries tend to be more supportive of state ownership than respondents from capitalist economies. However, they also favour increasing inequality and competition as the means to enhance incentives. We conclude that, in some important relevant dimensions, institutional imposition (which lasted for about 50 years) had a limited effect on preferences.
Not just browsing: an animal that grazes phyllosphere microbes facilitates community heterogeneity
Authors: O’Rorke Richard , Tooman Leah , Gaughen Kapono , Holland Brenden S , Amend Anthony S 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although grazers have long been recognized as top–down architects of plant communities, animal roles in determining microbial community composition have seldom been examined, particularly in aboveground systems. To determine the extent to which an animal can shape microbial communities, we conducted a controlled mesocosm study in situ to see if introducing mycophageous tree snails changed phyllosphere fungal community composition relative to matched control mesocosms. Fungal community composition and change was determined by Illumina sequencing of DNA collected from leaf surfaces before snails were introduced, daily for 3 days and weekly for 6 weeks thereafter. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm that grazing had occurred, and we recorded 3.5 times more cover of fungal hyphae in control mesocosms compared with those containing snails. Snails do not appear to vector novel microbes and despite grazing, a significant proportion of the initial leaf phyllosphere persisted in the mesocosms. Within-mesocosm diversities of fungi were similar regardless of whether or not snails were added. The greatest differences between the snail-treated and control mesocosms was that grazed mesocosms showed greater infiltration of microbes that were not sampled when the experiment commenced and that the variance in fungal community composition (beta diversity) was greater between leaves in snail-treated mesocosms indicating increased community heterogeneity and ecosystem fragmentation.
Homogeneously catalysed conversion of aqueous formaldehyde to H2 and carbonate
Authors: Trincado M. , Sinha Vivek , Rodriguez-Lugo Rafael E. , Pribanic Bruno , de Bruin Bas , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSmall organic molecules provide a promising solution for the requirement to store large amounts of hydrogen in a future hydrogen-based energy system. Herein, we report that diolefin–ruthenium complexes containing the chemically and redox non-innocent ligand trop2dad catalyse the production of H2 from formaldehyde and water in the presence of a base. The process involves the catalytic conversion to carbonate salt using aqueous solutions and is the fastest reported for acceptorless formalin dehydrogenation to date. A mechanism supported by density functional theory calculations postulates protonation of a ruthenium hydride to form a low-valent active species, the reversible uptake of dihydrogen by the ligand and active participation of both the ligand and the metal in substrate activation and dihydrogen bond formation.
Wearable smart sensor systems integrated on soft contact lenses for wireless ocular diagnostics
Authors: Kim Joohee , Kim Minji , Lee Mi-Sun , Kim Kukjoo , Ji Sangyoon , Kim Yun-Tae , Park Jihun , Na Kyungmin , Bae Kwi-Hyun , Kyun Kim Hong , Bien Franklin , Young Lee Chang , Park Jang-Ung 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWearable contact lenses which can monitor physiological parameters have attracted substantial interests due to the capability of direct detection of biomarkers contained in body fluids. However, previously reported contact lens sensors can only monitor a single analyte at a time. Furthermore, such ocular contact lenses generally obstruct the field of vision of the subject. Here, we developed a multifunctional contact lens sensor that alleviates some of these limitations since it was developed on an actual ocular contact lens. It was also designed to monitor glucose within tears, as well as intraocular pressure using the resistance and capacitance of the electronic device. Furthermore, in-vivo and in-vitro tests using a live rabbit and bovine eyeball demonstrated its reliable operation. Our developed contact lens sensor can measure the glucose level in tear fluid and intraocular pressure simultaneously but yet independently based on different electrical responses.
Solid-state synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon catalysts via a mechanochemical assembly through coordination cross-linking
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Wang Li , Yang Shize , Schott Jennifer A. , Liu Xiaofei , Mahurin Shannon M. , Huang Caili , Zhang Yu , Fulvio Pasquale F. , Chisholm Matthew F. , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOrdered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have demonstrated great potential in catalysis, and as supercapacitors and adsorbents. Since the introduction of the organic–organic self-assembly approach in 2004/2005 until now, the direct synthesis of OMCs is still limited to the wet processing of phenol-formaldehyde polycondensation, which involves soluble toxic precursors, and acid or alkali catalysts, and requires multiple synthesis steps, thus restricting the widespread application of OMCs. Herein, we report a simple, general, scalable and sustainable solid-state synthesis of OMCs and nickel OMCs with uniform and tunable mesopores (∼4–10 nm), large pore volumes (up to 0.96 cm3 g−1) and high-surface areas exceeding 1,000 m2 g−1, based on a mechanochemical assembly between polyphenol-metal complexes and triblock co-polymers. Nickel nanoparticles (∼5.40 nm) confined in the cylindrical nanochannels show great thermal stability at 600 °C. Moreover, the nickel OMCs offer exceptional activity in the hydrogenation of bulky molecules (∼2 nm).
Population scale data reveals the antidepressant effects of ketamine and other therapeutics approved for non-psychiatric indications
Authors: Cohen Isaac V. , Makunts Tigran , Atayee Rabia , Abagyan Ruben 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCurrent therapeutic approaches to depression fail for millions of patients due to lag in clinical response and non-adherence. Here we provide new support for the antidepressant effect of an anesthetic drug, ketamine, by Inverse-Frequency Analysis of eight million reports from the FDA Adverse Effect Reporting System. The results of the examination of population scale data revealed that patients who received ketamine had significantly lower frequency of reports of depression than patients who took any other combination of drugs for pain. The analysis also revealed that patients who took ketamine had significantly lower frequency of reports of pain and opioid induced side effects, implying ketamine’s potential to act as a beneficial adjunct agent in pain management pharmacotherapy. Further, the Inverse-Frequency Analysis methodology provides robust statistical support for the antidepressant action of other currently approved therapeutics including diclofenac and minocycline.
Cnot3 enhances human embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation by promoting cell cycle inhibitor mRNA degradation
Authors: Zhou Bingying , Liu Junwei , Ren Zongna , Yao Fang , Ma Jingwei , Song Jiangping , Bennett Brian , Zhen Yisong , Wang Li , Hu Guang , Hu Shengshou 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUncovering the molecular basis of mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation may eventually lead to better approaches for heart regeneration. Compared to extensively-studied transcriptional regulation, the roles of posttranscriptional regulation in cardiac cell fate decisions remain largely unknown. Here, we identified Cnot3 as a critical regulator in cardiomyocyte proliferation at the late stage of cardiac differentiation from human ESCs. Cnot3 was highly expressed in cardiomyocytes with higher proliferation potential in both human and mouse, and its depletion resulted in significant reduction in the proliferative capacity of cells. Furthermore, Cnot3 overexpression greatly enhanced proliferation in both cultured human cardiomyocytes and infarcted murine hearts. Mechanistically, the Ccr4-Not complex preferentially interacted with anti-proliferation gene transcripts in a Cnot3-dependent manner, and promoted their degradation. Together, our study supported the model that Cnot3 enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation by promoting cell cycle inhibitor mRNA degradation. It revealed a previously unrecognized role of mRNA degradation in cardiomyocyte growth, and suggested a potential strategy to control cardiac cell fates in development and diseases.
Utility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the prediction of extracapsular extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Hua , Qian Chang-Lin , Lin Mei-Sui , Li Feng-Hua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find an accurate method for the detection of extracapsular extension (ECE) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 102 patients with 109 PTC nodules were retrospectively enrolled. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics were evaluated. The diagnostic efficacy of quantitative CEUS and tumor size was analyzed. The qualitative CEUS features did not differ significantly between the ECE and non-ECE groups (P > 0.05). All of the quantitative CEUS parameters with the exception of peak intensity and tumor size were found to differ significantly between the ECE and non-ECE groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that time from peak to one half (TPH), tumor size and wash-in slope (WIS) were the significantly different parameters between the ECE and non-ECE groups (P = 0.000, P = 0.005 and P = 0.030, respectively).The sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of ECE were: TPH, 75.4% (43/57) and 78.9% (41/52), respectively; WIS, 87.7% (50/57) and 42.3% (22/52), respectively; and tumor size, 71.9% (41/57) and 65.4% (34/52), respectively. Quantitative CEUS analysis and tumor size are essential for the prediction of ECE in PTC; in particular TPH has good diagnostic value in detecting ECE. Our study provides important insights into the prediction of ECE in PTC.
Cryptolepine inhibits melanoma cell growth through coordinated changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and metabolic tumor suppressor AMPKα1/2-LKB1
Authors: Pal Harish C. , Prasad Ram , Katiyar Santosh K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis have been associated with various pathological conditions including cancers. Here, we assessed the therapeutic effect of cryptolepine, a pharmacologically active alkaloid derived from the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, on melanoma cell growth. Treatment of human melanoma cell lines (A375, Hs294t, SK-Mel28 and SK-Mel119) with cryptolepine (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 μM) for 24 and 48 h significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the growth of melanoma cells but not normal melanocytes. The inhibitory effect of cryptolepine was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced protein expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1 and p-Drp1 leading to disruption of mitochondrial dynamics. A decrease in the levels of ATP and mitochondrial mass were associated with activation of the metabolic tumor suppressor AMPKα1/2-LKB1, and a reduction in mTOR signaling. Decreased expression of SDH-A and COX-I demonstrated that cryptolepine treatment reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. In vivo treatment of A375 xenograft-bearing nude mice with cryptolepine (10 mg/Kg body weight, i.p.) resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth, which was associated with disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and a reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study suggests that low toxicity phytochemicals like cryptolepine may be tested for the treatment of melanoma.
Epidemiological, clinical, and virologic features of two family clusters of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infections in Southeast China
Authors: Xie Jianfeng , Weng Yuwei , Ou Jianming , Zhao Lin , Zhang Yanhua , Wang Jinzhang , Chen Wei , Huang Meng , Xiu Wenqiong , Chen Hongbin , Zhang Yongjun , Wu Binshan , He Wenxiang , Zhu Ying , You Libin , Huang Zhimiao , Zhang Canming , Hong Longtao , Wang Wei , Zheng Kuicheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and virologic characteristics of avian influenza A (H7N9) confirmed cases from two family clusters in Southeast China. Epidemiological data of the H7N9 confirmed cases and their close contacts were obtained through interviews and reviews of medical records. Of the four patients in these two family clusters, two cases had mild symptoms, one had severe symptoms, and one died. Three of the four patients had a history of exposure to live poultry or contaminated environments. The complete genome sequences of the H7N9 viruses from the same family cluster were highly homologous, and the four isolated viruses from the two family clusters exhibited the virologic features of the H7N9 virus, in terms of transmissibility, pathogenicity, host adaptation, and antiviral drug resistance. In addition, our findings indicated that the A/Fujian/18/2015 viral strain contained an additional hemagglutinin G225D substitution, which preferentially binds α2,6-linked sialic acids. The results of this study demonstrate that one family cluster was infected through common exposure to live poultry or contaminated environments, and the other was more likely to be infected through the human-to-human route.
Differential processing of small RNAs during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Mesitov Mikhail V. , Soldatov Ruslan A. , Zaichenko Danila M. , Malakho Sophie G. , Klementyeva Tatyana S. , Sokolovskaya Alisa A. , Kubatiev Aslan A. , Mironov Andrey A. , Moskovtsev Aleksey A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen due to the disruption of the homeostatic system of the ER leads to the induction of the ER stress response. Cellular stress-induced pathways globally transform genes expression on both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels with small RNA involvement as regulators of the stress response. The modulation of small RNA processing might represent an additional layer of a complex stress response program. However, it is poorly understood. Here, we studied changes in expression and small RNAs processing upon ER stress in Jurkat T-cells. Induced by ER-stress, depletion of miRNAs among small RNA composition was accompanied by a global decrease of 3′ mono-adenylated, mono-cytodinylated and a global increase of 3′ mono-uridinylated miRNA isoforms. We observed the specific subset of differentially expressed microRNAs, and also the dramatic induction of 32-nt tRNA fragments precisely phased to 5′ and 3′ ends of tRNA from a subset of tRNA isotypes. The induction of these tRNA fragments was linked to Angiogenin RNase, which mediates translation inhibition. Overall, the global perturbations of the expression and processing of miRNAs and tiRNAs were the most prominent features of small RNA transcriptome changes upon ER stress.
Triple mode spiral wideband bandpass filter using symmetric dual‐line coupling
Authors: Lalbakhsh A. , Karimi G. , Sabaghi F. 
Published: April 2017

A compact wideband bandpass filter at the centre frequency of 5.77 GHz with 78% fractional bandwidth is presented. An especial coupling structure along with a novel triple mode spiral resonator designed based on modal analysis is used to provide a flat wide passband with excellent skirt characteristics. To verify the efficiency of the filter, a prototype is fabricated, tested and compared with some of the most recent works.
Dwarf nova outbursts in intermediate polars
Authors: Hameury J.-M. , Lasota J.-P. 
Published: April 2017

Context. The disc instability model (DIM) has been very successful in explaining the dwarf nova outbursts observed in cataclysmic variables. When, as in intermediate polars, the accreting white dwarf is magnetised, the disc is truncated at the magnetospheric radius, but for mass-transfer rates corresponding to the thermal-viscous instability such systems should still exhibit dwarf-nova outbursts. Yet, the majority of intermediate polars, in which the magnetic field is not large enough to completely disrupt the accretion disc, seem to be stable, and the rare observed outbursts, in particular in systems with long orbital periods, are much shorter than normal dwarf-nova outbursts.
Aims. We investigate the predictions of the disc instability model for intermediate polars in order to determine which of the observed properties of these systems can be explained by the DIM.
Methods. We use our numerical code for the time evolution of accretion discs, modified to include the effects of the magnetic field, with constant or variable mass transfer from the secondary star.
Results. We show that intermediate polars have mass transfer low enough and magnetic fields large enough to keep the accretion disc stable on the cold equilibrium branch. We show that the infrequent and short outbursts observed in long-period systems, such as, for example, TV Col, cannot be attributed to the thermal-viscous instability of the accretion disc, but instead have to be triggered by an enhanced mass-transfer from the secondary, or, more likely, by some instability coupling the white dwarf magnetic field with that generated by the magnetorotational instability operating in the accretion disc. Longer outbursts (a few days) could result from the disc instability.
Going Round in Circles with N→S Acyl Transfer
Authors: Macmillan Derek 
Published: April 2017

It is not highly sophisticated, yet the N→S acyl transfer reaction of a native peptide sequence potentially fills an important technology gap. While several routes to synthetic peptide thioesters exist, only one is routinely applicable for biologically derived samples. Using the naturally occurring amino acid cysteine as the sole activator for N→S acyl transfer we have demonstrated transformation of synthetic and biologically derived precursors into thioesters for use in Native Chemical Ligation, providing a viable alternative for biological samples. Further refinement will be key to realising the full potential of this intriguing process, and increase the number of applications in peptide engineering and therapeutics.1	Introduction2	N→S acyl transfer in ‘normal’ peptide sequences3	Reduced reactivity of internal Xaa-Cys motifs as an advantage in head-to-tail peptide cyclisation4	Reduced reactivity of internal Xaa-Cys motifs as an advantage in modification and cyclisation of biologically produced precursors5	Hydrazinolysis of Xaa-Cys motifs and the acyl hydrazide as a stable thioester equivalent6	Rapid thioester formation via an N→Se acyl shift7	Outlook and conclusions
Combination of Transforaminal and Interlaminar Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Extensive Down-migrated Disk Herniation
Authors: Choi Kyung-Chul , Lee Jung , Lee Dong , Park Choon , Kim Jin-Sung 
Published: April 2017

Background and Study Aims The technique and instrumentation of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) have significantly improved. Thus its indications have been gradually expanding. Down-migrated disk, in particular, is regarded inaccessible by rigid instrumentation due to poor visualization and limited accessibility. We introduce a combination of transforaminal and interlaminar PELD for extensive down-migrated disk herniation at the L4–L5 level.
Patients and Methods In the first case, a 48-year-old man had left L5 radicular pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that L4–L5 disk herniation extended to the L5 lower end-plate level. In the second case, a 39-year-old man presented with right L5 and S1 radiculopathy. MRI showed right huge extensive down-migrated disk herniation from the L4–L5 disk space to the S1 pedicle level. Back pain and leg pain were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). In the first case, transforaminal PELD with foraminoplasty removed the disk fragment from the L4–L5 disk space to the mid-L5 pedicle level. Interlaminar PELD removed the remaining disk below the mid-L5 pedicle. In the second case, first, contralateral (left) transforaminal PELD at L4–L5 removed disk fragments located at the subannular and subligamentous area as well as the upper part of the down-migrated disk herniation. Second, interlaminar PELD via an ipsilateral (right) L5–S1 interlaminar space removed the remains of the extensively down-migrated disk herniation.
Results In the first case, the VAS scores for back and leg pain were improved from 6 and 8 to 2 and 1, respectively. Postoperative MRI showed complete removal of the disk fragment. In the second case, the VAS scores for back and leg pain improved from 7 and 9 to 3 and 1, respectively, after PELD. Postoperative MRI showed complete removal of a huge disk herniation. Both patients were discharged the day after PELD. Follow-up examinations showed no recurrence.
Conclusions It is difficult to remove entire disk fragments using only a transforaminal or interlaminar approach for extensive down-migrated disk herniation. Therefore a combination of transforaminal and interlaminar PELD may be effective for extensive down-migrated disk herniation at L4–L5.