bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children born very preterm experience altered cortical expansion over the first decade of life
Authors: Gorham Lisa S , Latham Aidan R , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Kenley Jeanette K , Iannopollo Emily , Lean Rachel E , Loseille David , Smyser Tara A , Neil Jeffrey J , Rogers Cynthia E , Smyser Christopher D , Garcia Kara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The brain develops rapidly from the final trimester of gestation through childhood, with cortical surface area expanding greatly in the first decade of life. However, it is unclear exactly where and how cortical surface area changes after birth, or how prematurity affects these developmental trajectories. Fifty-two very preterm (gestational age at birth = 26 ± 1.6 weeks) and 41 full-term (gestational age at birth = 39 ± 1.2 weeks) infants were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age and again at 9/10 years of age. Individual cortical surface reconstructions were extracted for each scan. Infant and 9/10 cortical surfaces were aligned using anatomically constrained Multimodal Surface Matching (aMSM), a technique that allows calculation of local expansion gradients across the cortical surface for each individual subject. At the neonatal time point, very preterm infants had significantly smaller surface area than their full-term peers (P &lt; 0.001), but at the age 9/10-year time point, very preterm and full-term children had comparable surface area (P &gt; 0.05). Across all subjects, cortical expansion by age 9/10 years was most pronounced in frontal, temporal, and supramarginal/inferior parietal junction areas, which are key association cortices (PSpin &lt; 0.001). Very preterm children showed greater cortical surface area expansion between term-equivalent age and age 9/10 compared to their full-term peers in the medial and lateral frontal areas, precuneus, and middle temporal/banks of the superior sulcus junction (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, within the very preterm group, expansion was highly variable within the orbitofrontal cortex and posterior regions of the brain. By mapping these patterns across the cortex, we identify differences in association cortices that are known to be important for executive functioning, emotion processing, and social cognition. Additional longitudinal work will be needed to understand if increased expansion in very preterm children is adaptive, or if differences persist into adulthood.
Differential efficacy of modified enriched environment on motor, emotion, and cognition in cortical ischemic mice
Authors: Huang Dan , Fan Yunhui , Zhang Jingjun , Weng Yuanfeng , Xiao Xiao , Wu Yi , Wu Junfa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A modified enriched environment (mEE) with 12 h per night was recently proposed and exhibited cognitive improvement. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different courses of mEE on different deficits in ischemic mice. Mice were subjected to photothrombotic stroke at the left sensorimotor cortex and then randomly assigned to standard environment or mEE for 7 d (St-PE) or 28 d (Ct-PE) on the third day post-stroke. Neurological deficits and sensorimotor, emotional, and cognitive performances were assessed at the 10th, 17th, and 31st days post-stroke. Our results demonstrated that Ct-PE ameliorated neurological deficits, forelimb using asymmetry, and reduced slip rates of the affected limbs at all time points, while this effect of St-PE was observed only on the 10th day. Similarly, Ct-PE for 28 d promoted spatial learning and working memory, but St-PE did not. Differently, ischemic mice in both St-PE and Ct-PE groups exhibited increased exploration behavior in the open field, light–dark box and elevated plus maze, and less immobile behavior during the tail suspension at all the time points. Our findings indicated that Ct-PE improved sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunctions after cortical ischemia in a time-dependent manner, but St-PE appeared to have greater therapeutic potential on anxiety and depression.
Construction minerals as part of an urban circular economy? A multi-scalar study of the city of Oslo and its hinterland
Authors: Sæther Bjørnar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flows of construction minerals in the Oslo region are studied in a multi-scalar perspective. Urban densification and construction of infrastructure result in large volumes of gravel and stone which according to law is waste. Waste is landfilled in the hinterland putting pressure on socio-ecological qualities. Lack of regional planning promoting circularity implies municipalities in the hinterland have to regulate land for landfills. Norway has a competitive advantage in construction minerals and prices on virgin, compared to recycled construction minerals are relatively low. Combined with a planning regime supporting linear resource governance, the consumption of virgin construction minerals and farmland in the hinterland is de facto stimulated. Differences are identified between the Oslo region and some city regions in the core of Europe concerning the level of progress towards a circular economy. A distinction between resource-rich and resource-strapped regions is proposed as part of an explanation of such differences.
Full-Length Immune Repertoire Reconstruction and Profiling at the Transcriptome Level Using Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Luo Xuanmei , Zhang Lili , Li Yifei , Li Chang , Sun Gaoyuan , Zhang Chunli , Fu Yu , Lv Haozhen , Liu Ming , Cui Hongyuan , Cai Dali , Zou Lihui , Ma Jie , Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to the diversity of the immune repertoire (IR), reconstructing full-length IR using traditional short-read sequencing has proven challenging.

Methods
A full-length IR sequencing (FLIRseq) work flow was developed with linear rolling circle amplification and nanopore sequencing. Its accuracy and quantification ability were verified by plasmid mixtures and commercial B-cell receptor/T-cell receptor sequencing (BCR/TCR-seq) based on short reads. IRs in tissues and the peripheral blood from 8 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 3 patients with allergic diseases, 4 patients with psoriasis, and 5 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed using FLIRseq.

Results
FLIRseq reads had lower mismatch rates and gap rates, and higher identify rates than nanopore reads (all P &lt; 2.2 × −16). The relative quantification of components by FLIRseq was consistent with the actual quantification (P &gt; 0.05). FLIRseq had superiority over BCR/TCR-seq, providing the long complementarity-determining region 3, B-cell isotype, and the rarely used V gene sequence. FLIRseq observed an increase in clonotype diversity (P &lt; 0.05) and a decrease in the percentage of abnormal BCRs/TCRs in patients with leukemia in remission. For patients with allergic diseases or psoriasis, FLIRseq provided direct insights into V(D)J recombination and specific immunoglobulin classes. Compared with that in prostate cancer tissues, the full-length V segment of the biased T-cell receptor β chain from lymphocytes in psoriatic tissues showed a more consistent AlphaFold2-predicted protein structure (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
FLIRseq enables unbiased and comprehensive analyses of direct V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin classes, thereby contributing to characterizing pathogenic mechanisms, monitoring minimal residual disease, and customizing adoptive cell therapy.
Circulating ECM proteins decorin and alpha-L-iduronidase differentiate ATTRwt-CM from ATTRwt-negative HFpEF/HFmrEF
Authors: Tubben Alwin , Markousis-Mavrogenis George , Meems Laura M G , van Essen Bart J , Baumhove Lukas , Berends Milou , Tingen Hendrea S A , Bijzet Johan , Hazenberg Bouke P C , Voors Adriaan A , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Slart Riemer H J A , Nienhuis Hans L A , van der Meer Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt-CM) is an under-recognized aetiology of heart failure (HF), necessitating early detection for timely treatment. Our study aimed to differentiate patients with ATTRwt-CM from ATTRwt-negative HFpEF/HFmrEF patients by identifying and validating circulating protein biomarkers. In addition, we measured the same biomarkers in patients with cardiomyopathy due to light chain amyloidosis (AL)-CM to gain disease-specific insights.

Methods and results
In this observational study, serum concentrations of 363 protein biomarkers were measured in a discovery cohort consisting of 73 ATTRwt-CM, 55 AL-CM, and 59 ATTRwt-negative HFpEF/HFmrEF patients, using multiplex proximity extension assays. Sparse partial least squares analyses showed overlapping ATTRwt-CM and AL-CM biomarker profiles with clear visual differentiation from ATTRwt-negative patients. Pathway analyses with g:Profiler revealed significantly up-regulated proteoglycans (PG) and cell adhesion pathways in both ATTRwt-CM and AL-CM. Penalized regression analysis revealed that the proteoglycan decorin (DCN), lysosomal hydrolase alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and glycosyl hydrolase galactosidase β-1 (GLB-1) most effectively distinguished ATTRwt-CM from ATTRwt-negative patients (R2 = 0.71). In a prospective validation cohort of 35 ATTRwt-CM patients and 25 ATTRwt-negative patients, DCN and IDUA significantly predicted ATTRwt-CM in the initial analysis (DCN: OR 3.3, IDUA: OR 0.4). While DCN remained significant after correcting for echocardiographic parameters, IDUA did not. DCN showed moderate discriminative ability (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61–0.87; sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.52) as did IDUA (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65–0.91; sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.61). A model combining clinical factors (AUC 0.92) outperformed DCN but not IDUA, a combination of the biomarkers was not significantly better. Neither DCN nor IDUA correlated with established disease markers.

Conclusion
ATTRwt-CM has a distinctly different biomarker profile compared with HFpEF/HFmrEF, while ATTRwt-CM patients share a similar biomarker profile with AL-CM patients characterized by up-regulation of proteoglycans and cell-adhesion pathways. The biomarkers DCN and IDUA show the potential to serve as an initial screening tool for ATTTRwt-CM. Further research is needed to determine the clinical usefulness of these and other extracellular matrix components in identifying ATTRwt-CM.
Prognosis and predictors of right ventricular dysfunction by quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Kocyigit Duygu , Chan Nicholas , Salam Donna , Turkmani Mustafa , Bullen Jennifer , Popović Zoran B , Nguyen Christopher , Griffin Brian P , Tang W H Wilson , Kwon Deborah H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pathophysiology and prognostic implications of right ventricle (RV) dysfunction in heart failure are complex and incompletely elucidated. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is the reference standard for RV quantification, but its clinical implications in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), in the context of myocardial fibrosis and functional mitral regurgitation are not well defined. We evaluated predictors, prognostic impact, and thresholds for defining significant RV dysfunction in NICM.

Methods and results
NICM patients (n = 624) undergoing CMR assessment during 2002–2017 were retrospectively studied. CMR’s quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was evaluated against the primary outcome of all-cause mortality, heart transplant, and/or left ventricular assist device implantation in threshold and multivariable analyses. Mean RVEF was 43 ± 13%, and factors associated with reduced RVEF were male sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV, right bundle branch block, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher mitral regurgitant fraction (MR-RF) and right ventricle size in NICM. RVEF per 5% increase was independently associated with the primary endpoint hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.80 (0.73–0.88), P &lt; 0.001. RVEF ≤40% was the optimal threshold associated with worse prognosis, regardless of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) or MR-RF quantification. On the other hand, higher LGE was associated with primary endpoint in patients with RVEF ≤ 40% only, while risk associated with MR-RF was significant dampened after adjusting for RVEF.

Conclusion
RVEF provides powerful risk stratification, with RVEF ≤ 40% defining significant RV dysfunction associated with adverse outcomes in NICM. The integration of quantitative CMR measurements for RVEF, LGE, and MR-RF provides comprehensive NICM risk prognostication.
Rheumatic heart disease manifesting as mitral stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation in a young Asian male: a case report
Authors: Ko Kyu-Yong , Kim Sung Eun , Hwang Ji-Won , Cho Sung Woo , Kwak Jae-Jin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major global health issue because of its potential to cause heart failure. While RHD has been reported more frequently in women, this case report highlights the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of rheumatic multivalvular disease in a young Asian male.

Case summary
A 46-year-old Asian man with a history of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) was admitted with dyspnoea and generalized oedema that severely hindered his quality of life. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis, left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus, and severe tricuspid regurgitation due to RHD. Following a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, we advised mitral valve replacement, LAA thrombectomy, and tricuspid valve annuloplasty based on the detailed imaging of the valve anatomy and the patient’s low surgical risk. Surgical intervention led to considerable improvement in the patient’s symptoms, enabling a return to routine activities.

Discussion
This case highlights the chronic nature of RHD and its potential to cause heart failure. This report emphasizes the need for regular follow-up in patients with a history of RHD to detect potential complications and ensure timely management. The successful outcome in this case underscores the importance of a team-based approach for managing complex valvular heart disease.
CTG repeat length underlying cardiac events and sudden death in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Itoh Hideki , Hisamatsu Takashi , Segawa Kazuhiko , Takahashi Toshiaki , Sato Takumi , Takada Hiroto , Kuru Satoshi , Wada Chizu , Suzuki Mikiya , Tamura Takuhisa , Suwazono Shugo , Kimura Koichi , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Masanori P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expansion of CTG repeats (CTGn) in the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene, while it remains unclear whether CTGn may be associated with the incidence of cardiac events or sudden death in Japan as well as Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CTGn and cardiac involvements.

Methods and results
This cohort study included patients with DM1 who were retrospectively recruited from nine Japanese hospitals specializing in neuromuscular diseases. A total of 496 patients with DM1 who underwent a genetic test in the DMPK gene were analysed. Patients with congenital form or under 15 years old were excluded and patients were assigned into the quartiles. When we compared the incidence of cardiac events including advanced/complete atrioventricular block, pacemaker implantation, and ventricular tachycardias or mortality among four groups, patients with 1300 or longer CTGn experienced composite cardiac events [hazard ratio (HR): 3.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–9.99, P = 0.014] more frequently and had significantly higher mortality rate (HR: 6.79, 95% CI: 2.05–22.49, P &lt; 0.001) than those under 400 CTGn while the rate of sudden death was not significantly different.

Conclusion
Regarding the cardiac events and mortality in patients with DM1, patients with 1300 or longer CTGn are at especially high risk.
Optimal Taxation of Capital Income with Heterogeneous Rates of Return
Authors: Gerritsen Aart , Jacobs Bas , Spiritus Kevin , Rusu Alexandra V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We derive the Pareto-efficient mix of non-linear taxes on labour income and capital income if people differ in their rates of return on capital. We allow for two reasons why rates of return differ: because individuals with higher ability are better able to invest their capital or because wealthier individuals enjoy scale effects in wealth accumulation. In both cases, a strictly positive tax on capital income is part of any Pareto-efficient tax system. We derive a condition for the Pareto-efficient tax mix that relies solely on empirical sufficient statistics—not on social welfare weights—and find that Pareto-efficient taxes on capital income increase with the degree of return heterogeneity. Numerical simulations for empirically plausible return heterogeneity suggest that Pareto-efficient marginal tax rates on capital income are positive and substantial.
Beyond the organ: lung microbiome shapes transplant indications and outcomes
Authors: Ponholzer Florian , Bogensperger Christina , Krendl Felix Julius , Krapf Christoph , Dumfarth Julia , Schneeberger Stefan , Augustin Florian 
Published: September 2024

Summary
The lung microbiome plays a crucial role in the development of chronic lung diseases, which may ultimately lead to the need for lung transplantation. Also, perioperative results seem to be connected with altered lung microbiomes and its dynamic changes providing a possible target for optimizing short-term outcome after transplantation. A literature review using MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Bookshelf was performed. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) seems to be influenced and partly triggered by changes in the pulmonary microbiome and dysbiosis, e.g. through increased bacterial load or abundance of specific species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the specific indications for transplantation, with their very heterogeneous changes and influences on the pulmonary microbiome, influence long-term outcome. Next to composition and measurable bacterial load, dynamic changes in the allografts microbiome also possess the ability to alter long-term outcomes negatively. This review discusses the “new” microbiome after transplantation and the associations with direct postoperative outcome. With the knowledge of these principles the impact of alterations in the pulmonary microbiome in hindsight to CLAD and possible therapeutic implications are described and discussed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding pre- and postoperative lung microbiomes and how they influence different lung diseases on their progression to failure of conservative treatment. This review provides a summary of current literature for centres looking for further options in optimizing lung transplant outcomes and highlights possible areas for further research activities investigating the pulmonary microbiome in connection to transplantation.
The association of economic difficulties with social and health care costs of children—target trial emulation using complete birth cohort data in Finland
Authors: Hiilamo Aapo , Keski-Säntti Markus , Juutinen Aapo , Mäkinen Lauri , Ristikari Tiina , Lallukka Tea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is unclear how much costs economic difficulties in families with children incur to the health and social care sector. We examined the health and social service costs after families entered into, and transitioned out of, social assistance used as a proxy measure for economic difficulties. We analyzed register data on all Finnish children born in 1997 and used the non-randomized target trial framework. The two target trials of entry to economic difficulties (social assistance) and continued economic difficulties included 697 680 and 71 131 children-year observations, respectively, in total. Inverse probability treatment weighting techniques were used to make the comparison group similar to the treatment group in terms of health, socioeconomic and demographic-related pretreatment variables. Entry to social assistance use was associated with some 1511–2619€ (50% compared to the control group) higher cumulative health and social care costs of the children three years after their families transitioned to social assistance, compared to the group that did not enter to social assistance system. This difference was primarily attributed to higher social care costs. Continued social assistance use was associated with some 1007–2709€ (31%) higher costs compared to the comparison group that exited social assistance. These findings support an economic argument to prevent families from entering economic difficulties and to help those in such situations to transition out.
Context Matters: Internet Usage and Loneliness Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hosea Angelica Vania , Kung Claryn S J , Potter Sophie , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Later life is often categorized by higher-than-average levels of loneliness, but individual differences are vast and not well understood. Emerging evidence indicates that broad-based contextual factors such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—and the use of the internet throughout—are differentially associated with the experience of loneliness. We, therefore, target internet usage and loneliness among middle-aged and older adults during the pandemic and examine the moderating role of age, gender, and limiting illness therein.

Methods
We applied hierarchical regression models to data from the COVID-19 substudy Wave 1 (June/July 2020) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 4,790; Mage = 70.2; standard deviation = 9.0; range: 50–90; 43.5% male).

Results
Infrequent internet use was associated with less loneliness compared with very frequent users—an association that strengthened with age. Conversely, the purpose of internet use was associated with more loneliness, with higher levels exhibited by those searching for health-related information—an effect stronger among those with a limiting illness.

Discussion
Findings imply that infrequent internet use may reduce loneliness, while health-related internet searches may increase loneliness among older adults with different physical capacities. Findings are contrary to prepandemic reports, underscoring the importance of broad-based contextual factors for understanding loneliness across adulthood and old age.