bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tardive intermittent massive vaginal bleeding from abnormal blood vessels within cesarean scar: Two more new cases should bring our attention to a new entity
Authors: Liao Xiangling , Zhang Pu , Zhang Caiyi , Lu Gary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe two cases in this report had intermittent massive vaginal bleeding with a distant history of cesarean delivery. Such severe bleeding was life‐threating but was eventually cured by surgical management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of cases of tardive vaginal bleeding caused by abnormal blood vessels embedded within cesarean scars. The two new cases in this report suggest a novel cause of tardive vaginal bleeding, which should bring our special attention to post‐cesarean clinical practice.
Beyond the Surface: Where Cultural Contexts and Scientific Analyses Meet in Museum Conservation of West African Power Association Helmet Masks
Authors: O'Hern Robin , Pearlstein Ellen , Gagliardi Susan Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow should museum conservators balance respect for objects created within secrecy contexts with concern for technical understanding and preservation? As described in this article, West African power association leaders draw on guarded knowledge to construct masks and other objects from a variety of animal, vegetal, and mineral matter. The works feature accumulations of diverse materials but often enter museum collections with scant or inaccurate records of the specific matter used in the objects’ making. Conservators charged with the objects’ care confront contradictions stemming from a professional commitment to identify materials intended to remain unknown and to conserve objects never designed to endure in perpetuity as finished forms. In this study, we identify and respond to North American museum conservators’ and collections staff's desire for culturally informed guidelines for handling West African power association objects. We combine conservation‐based scientific research with art–historical field and archival research to explore possibilities for studying the materially and culturally sensitive objects. We specifically focus on x‐radiography and plant fiber identifications of two West African power association helmet masks presently in a museum collection as a case study for ethical decision making during conservation treatments.
ORA47 (octadecanoid‐responsive AP2/ERF‐domain transcription factor 47) regulates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling through binding to a novel cis‐element
Authors: Chen Hsing‐Yu , Hsieh En‐Jung , Cheng Mei‐Chun , Chen Chien‐Yu , Hwang Shih‐Ying , Lin Tsan‐Piao 
Published: March 2016

Summary

ORA47 (octadecanoid‐responsive AP2/ERF‐domain transcription factor 47) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an AP2/ERF domain transcription factor that regulates jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and is induced by methyl JA treatment. The regulatory mechanism of ORA47 remains unclear. ORA47 is shown to bind to the cis‐element (NC/GT)CGNCCA, which is referred to as the O‐box, in the promoter of ABI2. We proposed that ORA47 acts as a connection between ABA INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1) and ABI2 and mediates an ABI1–ORA47–ABI2 positive feedback loop.

PORA47:ORA47‐GFP transgenic plants were used in a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to show that ORA47 participates in the biosynthesis and/or signaling pathways of nine phytohormones. Specifically, many abscisic acid (ABA) and JA biosynthesis and signaling genes were direct targets of ORA47 under stress conditions.

The JA content of the P35S:ORA47‐GR lines was highly induced under wounding and moderately induced under water stress relative to that of the wild‐type plants. The wounding treatment moderately increased ABA accumulation in the transgenic lines, whereas the water stress treatment repressed the ABA content.

ORA47 is proposed to play a role in the biosynthesis of JA and ABA and in regulating the biosynthesis and/or signaling of a suite of phytohormone genes when plants are subjected to wounding and water stress.
Cord blood transplantation in a young child with pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Akiyoshi Kensuke , Sekiguchi Kazuhito , Okamoto Tomoko , Suenobu So‐ichi , Izumi Tatsuro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) was performed for the treatment of pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in a female pediatric patient at the age of 1 year 7 months, who had been in severe and frequent transfusion‐dependent hemolytic anemia, despite red blood cell (RBC) PK activity 5.52 IU/gHb. pyruvate kinase‐liver and RBC (PK‐LR) had a compound heterozygous mutation located on exon 8: c.1044G > T/c.1076G > A (K348N/R359H). Hemoglobin and RBC PK corrected to 13.5 g/dL and 9.00 IU/gHb, respectively, with gene correction at 6 months after CBT. CBT should be considered as an option for useful treatment in children with severe PK deficiency in the absence of HLA identical sibling with normal RBC PK activity.
Intrapleural urokinase therapy in a neonate with pleural empyema
Authors: Cha Lily Myung‐Jin , Choi Sunha , Kim Taehwan , Yoon Shin Won 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPleural empyema is rare in neonates, and treatment with systemic antibiotics and tube drainage may fail because of the thick viscous fluid, bacterial products with fibrin deposition, and multiple loculations. Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase is an effective and non‐invasive treatment option that avoids surgical intervention, although its use in neonates has not been studied extensively. In this report, we describe the case of a 13‐day‐old male neonate with Escherichia coli sepsis and pneumonia, which rapidly progressed to parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema. After inadequate response to i.v. antibiotics and chest tube drainage, the patient was successfully treated with intrapleural urokinase.
Novel mutation in SUCLA2 identified on sequencing analysis
Authors: Güngör Olcay , Özkaya Ahmet Kağan , Güngör Gülay , Karaer Kadri , Dilber Cengiz , Aydin Kürşad 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSuccinate‐CoA ligase, ADP‐forming, beta subunit (SUCLA2)‐related mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome is caused by mutations affecting the ADP‐using isoform of the beta subunit in succinyl‐CoA synthase, which is involved in the Krebs cycle. The SUCLA2 protein is found mostly in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues. SUCLA2 mutations result in a mitochondrial disorder that manifests as deafness, lesions in the basal ganglia, and encephalomyopathy accompanied by dystonia. Such mutations are generally associated with mildly increased plasma methylmalonic acid, increased plasma lactate, elevated plasma carnitine esters, and the presence of methylmalonic acid in urine. In this case report, we describe a new mutation in a patient with a succinyl‐CoA synthase deficiency caused by an SUCLA2 defect.
Vicarious Apologies as Moral Repair
Authors: Cohen Andrew I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractApologies are key components of moral repair. They can identify a wrong, express regret, and accept culpability for some transgression. Apologies can vindicate a victim's value as someone who was due different treatment. This paper explores whether acts with vicarious elements may serve as apologies. I offer a functionalist account of apologies: acts are apologies not so much by having correct ingredients but by serving certain apologetic functions. Those functions can be realized in multiple ways. Whether the offenders are individuals or collectives, they can sometimes fulfill such functions through third party agents. Having vicarious elements does not necessarily undermine the reparative reasons offenders hope to provide.
Development of large‐scale seismites in Upper Cretaceous fluvial sandstones in a fault‐proximal setting
Authors: Wizevich Michael C. , Simpson Edward L. , Hilbert‐Wolf Hannah L. , Tindall Sarah E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLarge‐scale soft‐sediment deformation structures occur within fluvial sandstone bodies of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation in the Kaiparowits basin, southern Utah, USA. These structures represent an exceptional example of metre‐scale fault‐proximal, seismogenic load structures in nearly homogenous sandstones. The load structures consist of two types: large‐scale load casts and wedge‐shaped load structures. Large‐scale load casts penetrate up to 4·5 m into the underlying sandstone bed. Wedge‐shaped load structures include metre‐scale, parallel, sub‐vertical features and decimetre‐scale features along the periphery of the large‐scale load casts or other wedge‐shaped load structures. Wedge‐shaped load structures contain well‐developed, medial cataclastic shear deformation bands. All load structures contain pervasive well‐defined millimetre‐thick to centimetre‐thick internal laminae, oriented parallel to the outside form of the load structures and asymptotic to deformation bands. Both types of load structures formed because of an inverted density profile, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction and growth of irregularities (a Rayleigh–Taylor instability) on the sandstone–sandstone erosional contact. The internal laminae and deformation bands formed during deformation and clearly demonstrate polyphase deformation, recording a transition from liquefied to hydroplastic to brittle modes of deformation. Decimetre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures on the edge of the large‐scale load casts probably formed towards the end of a seismic event after the sediment dewatered and increased the frictional contact of grains enough to impart strength to the sands. Metre‐scale wedge‐shaped load structures were created as the tips of downward foundering sediments were driven into fractures, which widened incrementally with seismic pulsation. With each widening of the fracture, gravity and a suction effect would draw additional sediment into the fracture. Superimposed laminae indicate a secondary syndeformational origin for internal laminae, probably by flow‐generated shearing and vibrofluidization mechanisms. Large‐scale and wedge‐shaped load structures, polyphase deformation and secondary laminae may characterize soft‐sediment deformation in certain fault‐proximal settings.
The Charge from Psychology and Art's Definition
Authors: Monseré Annelies 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article argues that the so‐called Charge from Psychology does not refute the project of defining art. The charge entails that the project is misguided because it falsely presupposes that the concept of art is classically structured. The charge is challenged by distinguishing philosophers’ normative from psychologists’ descriptive aims. Unlike what many philosophers of art themselves believe, defining art is a normative project, since proposed definitions formulate conditions under which the concept of art should be applied, rather than is applied. Therefore, it is not inherently problematic that definitions do not fit empirical data: a normative definition need not reflect how people categorize items as art. In the end, this article shows the significance of empirical data for definitions of art.
A single‐center experience with infections due to daptomycin‐nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Lewis J.D. , Enfield K.B. , Cox H.L. , Mathers A.J. , Sifri C.D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfections caused by vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the liver transplant population. Daptomycin (DAP) is often used to treat infections caused by VRE, but DAP nonsusceptibility in Enterococcus is increasing.MethodPatients with DAP‐nonsusceptible Enterococcus (DNSE) infections who had undergone liver transplantation between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. A convenience sample of DNSE isolates was analyzed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).ResultsWe identified 14 liver transplant recipients (LTRs) who developed DNSE infections post transplantation. Postoperative complications were common, and most patients required repeat abdominal surgery within 90 days of transplantation. The initial DNSE culture was taken a median of 74.5 days post transplant and was secondary to an intra‐abdominal infection in all but 1 patient. Half of patients were VRE colonized before or at the time of organ transplantation, and all those who were not VRE colonized at the time of transplantation later became colonized, a median of 27 days post transplant. Overall mortality in this cohort was 71%. PFGE did not demonstrate genetic relatedness among DNSE isolates.ConclusionThis study, the largest published series to our knowledge of DNSE infections in LTRs, demonstrates that these infections occur in patients with serious surgical complications and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Established risk factors for VRE infection were common, as was DAP exposure. Although many risk factors for DNSE infection cannot be changed, this case series identifies several potentially modifiable variables. Further work is needed to identify interventions to decrease the risk of developing DNSE infections in this complex patient population.
The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology
Authors: Smith Steven B , Ravel Jacques 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe interaction between the human host and the vaginal microbiota is highly dynamic. Major changes in the vaginal physiology and microbiota over a woman's lifetime are largely shaped by transitional periods such as puberty, menopause and pregnancy, while daily fluctuations in microbial composition observed through culture‐independent studies are more likely to be the results of daily life activities and behaviours. The vaginal microbiota of reproductive‐aged women is largely made up of at least five different community state types. Four of these community state types are dominated by lactic‐acid producing Lactobacillus spp. while the fifth is commonly composed of anaerobes and strict anaerobes and is sometimes associated with vaginal symptoms. The production of lactic acid has been associated with contributing to the overall health of the vagina due to its direct and indirect effects on pathogens and host defence. Some species associated with non‐Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota may trigger immune responses as well as degrade the host mucosa, processes that ultimately increase susceptibility to infections and contribute to negative reproductive outcomes such as infertility and preterm birth. Further studies are needed to better understand the functional underpinnings of how the vaginal microbiota affect host physiology but also how host physiology affects the vaginal microbiota. Understanding this fine‐tuned interaction is key to maintaining women's reproductive health.
image
Vertically Integrated Projects: Improving the Overall University Competition Experience
Authors: Chipman Gregory D. , Fuller Thomas F. 
Published: March 2016

Beginning in 2009, Vertically Integrated Projects (VIP) courses have been implemented at Georgia Tech. These VIP classes allow undergraduate students to receive academic credit for participating on teams that further faculty research efforts. The teams are multidisciplinary, vertically-integrated, and long-term. Participation on these teams has been shown to help students develop an understanding of project timelines, and effective project communication, while gaining other applicable real-world experience.
EcoCAR 3 is the latest in a series of Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions (AVTCs) sponsored by the Department of Energy since 1988. At Georgia Tech, the EcoCAR 3 team has been structured using the VIP program to improve the all-around experience of faculty members and the graduate and undergraduate students. Based on Georgia Tech’s previous experience in EcoCAR 1, the team leadership hoped to increase participation of undergraduate students, improve collaboration between students and faculty members, and raise retention levels. The team has shown improvements in each of these categories through implementation of the VIP program. Some of the primary challenges that the team experienced during the first year of competition are also presented here, along with plans for further improvement in future years of the competition.
Tracheal Stenosis: A CFD Approach for Evaluation of Drug Delivery
Authors: Taherian Shahab , Rahai Hamid , Gomez Bernardo Z. , Waddington Thomas , Bonifacio Jeremy R. 
Published: March 2016

The existence of obstructions such as tracheal stenosis has major impacts on respiratory functions. Therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled medications is influenced by tracheal stenosis, and particle transport and deposition pattern are modified. The majority of studies have focused on obstructions in branches of the airways, where the flow is diverted to the other branches to meet the needed oxygen intake. In this study we have investigated the effects of trachea with and without stenosis/obstruction on particle depositions and air flow in a human respiratory system. Patient specific CFD simulations were conducted; CT-scans of a patient with tracheal stenosis were used to create 3D models of bronchial tree up to 8 generations. The section of the stenosis was manually modified to create a healthy trachea. Comparisons between CFD simulations before and after intervention demonstrate the impact of the stenosis on flow characteristics and particles distribution. The numerical investigations were performed using the implicit Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (U-RANS), using the commercially available software (STAR-CCM+) from CD-Adapco, along with K-ω; shear stress transport model. Two sets of CT-images of inhalation and exhalation were used for assigning Patient-specific boundary conditions at the outlets. Lagrangian Phase model was used to simulate particle transport and depositions of 10, 5 and 2.5 micron diameter particles. Results of the particle depositions for 10 micron particles highlight the difference in depositions and ultimately inhaled medications in patients with and without tracheal stenosis. Particle deposition for normal Tidal volume increased due to stenosis from 47% to 51% for 10 Micron particles and not a significant change for the 2.5 Micron particles (from 4.5% to 4.7%).
Comparisons of pressure drop in each generation between patient with tracheal stenosis and the healthy lung showed significant increase in pressure drop after the stenosis, which were experienced in all generations downstream. Experimental validation of the CFD results were made with a model of healthy trachea up to 3rd generation, manufactured using Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) from CT-images and pressure results were compared with the corresponding CFD results. Good agreements were found.
Study on the Stop Position of the Mobile Manipulator for Painting on Big Parts
Authors: Ren S. , Yang X. , Wang G. , Liu Z. , Yu Q. , Chen K. 
Published: March 2016

The industrial manufacturers are pleased to set up robotic manipulators instead of human workers to execute painting tasks which greatly reduces the risk of workers’ being poisoned and is more conductive to maintain stable quality because of the manipulator’s high repetitive accuracy. When the industrial manipulator is employed to paint on big parts, the operating mode is also changed. The manipulator is mounted on a mobile platform, which is usually a NC-machine, to extend its workspace for painting on big parts. And the manipulator starts operation just as the mobile platform arrives at a proper position and stops.
However it is difficult for a human worker to figure out a proper stop position in which the manipulator can reach all goal points with a regular process velocity due to the special mechanical structure of serial revolute joints and the compound free-form surfaces, which is the most significant barrier to develop robotic big-parts painting.
In this paper, we put forward a novel idea based on analysis of the base’s workable location space (BWLS) of the manipulator to solve the stop position optimizing problem in order to get a bigger continuous operating area for the manipulator once stops and improve painting quality. Compared to previous study on the reachability of the end-effector fixing the base of the manipulator, we explore the BWLS while the center wrist point of the manipulator is determined. Through formulating an analytical expression, we can describe the BWLS more precisely and the intersection curves between these workable spaces can be also obtained when the wrist moves to the target points. With considering these boundary surfaces derived from the physical limits of the manipulator, the planning results will be more efficient and reliable.
The optimization results are verified by computer simulation. A 3D model of the manipulator with a mobile platform has been constructed. The painting trajectory for a target plane surface is firstly performed and the corresponding optimized stop position is then provided. Thus the method is proved to be effective and less time cost which could significantly reduce the planning time in comparison with manual operation.
Comparison of Tensile Testing Flow Stress to Orthogonal Plate Machining Flow Stress in FCC, BCC, and HCP Materials at Various Levels of Hardness Using a Videographic Quick Stop Device
Authors: Payton Lewis N. , Hunko Wesley S. 
Published: March 2016

Basic and advanced metal cutting research has been an ongoing effort since Cocquilhat’s early work directed towards measuring the work required to remove a given volume of material when drilling in the year 1851. Over the 150+ years since his experiments, one of the persistent issues in metal cutting has been how best to determine the flow stress in a metal undergoing cutting. In all the many models proposed since then, the flow stress of metal flowing in front of a cutting tool has not proven to be the same as the flow stress of metal undergoing a tensile pull. This paper examines the flow stress phenomenon using an improved Videographic Quick Stop equipment at Auburn University.
The orthogonal machining plates and tensile specimens were all cut from the same stock. Tensile testing of the stock was performed immediately prior to the machining of the plates in a standard MTS load frame to allow actual metal cutting experiments to be performed and compared to actual load frame data from the same stock.
Machining was conducted in a specially modified Cincinnati Horizontal Milling machine using an improved Videographic Quick Stop Device (VQSD) to capture the geometry of the cutting formation simultaneously with the forces in the X, Y and Z-axes using a standard Kistler force plate dynamometer. Utilizing the VQSD greatly increases the number of replicates available for statistical analysis by the metal cutting researcher. This allows for comprehensive multivariate analysis of the data with high confidence (> 95%) in the meaning of the results obtained, along with for powerful regression.
The results of the data collection and statistical analysis are then used to populate the various historical models predicting the flow stress in metal cutting. The results indicate that one model is superior to all the other models in predicting the flow stress as predicted by the accompanying tensile test data. Further improvements in this model may lead to instantaneous tensile strength measurement when metal cutting with the need for load frames. This in turn would allow optimization of cutting conditions to match material conditions, resulting in a better product and longer-lived tools.