bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cattle grazing effects on mountain gazelles in Mediterranean natural landscapes
Authors: Shamoon Hila , Dayan Tamar , Saltz David 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFrequently, Mediterranean natural and semi‐natural areas will undergo cattle grazing as a form of fire fuel reduction management. We used a multi‐species approach to understand effects of cattle grazing on mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella) in relation to 2 potential predators of gazelle neonates: golden jackal (Canis aureus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). We used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and a fine‐scale camera trap design (0.01‐km2 grid) in Ramat Hanadiv Nature Park in the Mediterranean region of Israel to determine gazelle habitat and patch preferences in response to grazing using N‐mixture models. Cattle grazing decreased female gazelle detectability and activity and attracted potential predators during the most sensitive time of the year for gazelle: parturition and the critical first 5 weeks of fawns' lives. Grazing management acts as a disturbance for gazelles and increases risk for neonates. Our results show the importance of understanding the broader mechanism behind predator–prey dynamics and how indirect human‐mediated management actions and direct predation may have adverse effects on wild populations. We recommend that cattle be allowed to enter natural areas only after the spring birth peak. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Persistent respiratory effort after adenotonsillectomy in children with sleep‐disordered breathing
Authors: Martinot Jean‐Benoît , Le‐Dong N. Nam , Denison Stéphane , Guénard Hervé Jean‐Pierre , Borel Jean‐Christian , Silkoff Philip E. , Pepin Jean‐Louis , Gozal David 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesAdenotonsillectomy (AT) markedly improves but does not necessarily normalize polysomnographic findings in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Adenotonsillectomy efficacy should be evaluated by follow‐up polysomnography (PSG), but this method may underestimate persistent respiratory effort (RE). Mandibular movement (MMas) monitoring is an innovative measurement that readily identifies RE during upper airway obstruction. We hypothesized that MMas indices would decrease in parallel of PSG indices and that children with persistent RE more reliably could be identified with MMas.MethodsTwenty‐five children (3–12 years of age) with SDB were enrolled in this individual prospective‐cohort study. Polysomnography was supplemented with a midsagittal movement magnetic sensor that measured MMas during each respiratory cycle before and > 3 months after AT.ResultsAdenotonsillectomy significantly improved PSG indices, except for RE‐related arousals (RERA). Mandibular movement index changes after AT significantly were correlated with corresponding decreases in sleep apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and O2 desaturation index (ODI) (Spearman's rho = 0.978 and 0.922, respectively), whereas changes in MMas duration significantly were associated with both RERA duration (rho = 0.475, P = 0.017) and index (rho = 0.564, P = 0.003). Conditional multivariate analysis showed that both AHI and RERA significantly contributed to the variance of MMas index after AT (P = 0.0003 and 0.0005, respectively), whereas MMas duration consistently was related to the duration of RERA regardless of AT.ConclusionAdenotonsillectomy significantly reduced AHI. However, persistent RERA were apparent in a significant proportion of children, and this was reflected by the remaining abnormal MMas pattern. Follow‐up of children after AT can be recommended and readily achieved by monitoring MMas to identify persistent RE.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1230–1237, 2018
Genomics and advances towards precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Van Waes Carter , Musbahi Omar 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo provide a review of emerging knowledge from genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and clinical precision medicine studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Data SourcesThe Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) publications, PubMed‐based literature review, and ClinicalTrials.gov.Review MethodsTCGA publications, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried for genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and developmental clinical precision medicine studies in HNSCC.ResultsTCGA reported comprehensive genomic analyses of 279 HNSCC, defining the landscape and frequency of chromosomal copy number alterations, mutations, and expressed genes that contribute to pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to therapy. This provides a road map for basic science and preclinical studies to identify key pathways in cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment affected by these alterations, and candidate targets for new small molecule and biologic therapies.ConclusionRecurrent chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and expression of genes affecting HNSCC subsets are associated with differences in prognosis, and define molecules, pathways, and deregulated immune responses as candidates for therapy. Activity of molecularly targeted agents appears to be enhanced by rational combinations of these agents and standard therapies targeting the complex alterations that affect multiple pathways and mechanisms in HNSCC.Level of EvidenceNA.
A Facile Method Synthesizing Hydrogel Using Hybranched Polyether Amine (hPEA) as Coinitiator and Crosslinker
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Zhang Changxu , Xu Hongjie , Ma Xiaodong , Shi Zixing , Yin Jie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInhomogeneities are responsible for the poor mechanical properties of hydrogels. To achieve good performances, this study reports here the design and synthesis of hydrogels with negligible defects named as initiator‐crosslinker (IC) hydrogel where hybranched polyether amine (hPEA) performs as both coinitiator and crosslinker. The initiation mechanism used in this system is classical but the crosslinking mechanism is different from the conventional hydrogels. A series of hydrogels with various mechanical properties are synthesized by varying the content ratio of coinitiator hPEA and initiator ammonium persulfate. Tensile tests demonstrated that IC hydrogels had excellent mechanical properties elongation at break up to 3000%. The toughness calculated from stress–strain curve highly depended on the content of hPEA and the largest one is about 4.02 MJ m−3 which is much higher than the conventional hydrogels (0.03 MJ m−3). Rheological and swelling results also indicated the obtained hydrogels are indeed crosslinked by both chemical bond and physical interaction.
Panel‐based whole exome sequencing identifies novel mutations in microphthalmia and anophthalmia patients showing complex Mendelian inheritance patterns
Authors: Riera Marina , Wert Ana , Nieto Isabel , Pomares Esther 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundMicrophthalmia and anophthalmia (MA) are congenital eye abnormalities that show an extremely high clinical and genetic complexity. In this study, we evaluated the implementation of whole exome sequencing (WES) for the genetic analysis of MA patients. This approach was used to investigate three unrelated families in which previous single‐gene analyses failed to identify the molecular cause.MethodsA total of 47 genes previously associated with nonsyndromic MA were included in our panel. WES was performed in one affected patient from each family using the AmpliSeqTM Exome technology and the Ion ProtonTM platform.ResultsA novel heterozygous OTX2 missense mutation was identified in a patient showing bilateral anophthalmia who inherited the variant from a parent who was a carrier, but showed no sign of the condition. We also describe a new PAX6 missense variant in an autosomal‐dominant pedigree affected by mild bilateral microphthalmia showing high intrafamiliar variability, with germline mosaicism determined to be the most plausible molecular cause of the disease. Finally, a heterozygous missense mutation in RBP4 was found to be responsible in an isolated case of bilateral complex microphthalmia.ConclusionThis study highlights that panel‐based WES is a reliable and effective strategy for the genetic diagnosis of MA. Furthermore, using this technique, the mutational spectrum of these diseases was broadened, with novel variants identified in each of the OTX2, PAX6, and RBP4 genes. Moreover, we report new cases of reduced penetrance, mosaicism, and variable phenotypic expressivity associated with MA, further demonstrating the heterogeneity of such disorders.
A chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for spectral selection in fluorine‐19 MRI
Authors: Ludwig Kai D. , Hernando Diego , Roberts Nathan T. , van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Fain Sean B. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo develop a chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for fluorine‐19 MRI of perfluorocarbons in the presence of multiple known fluorinated chemical species.Theory and MethodsA multi‐echo CSE technique is applied for spectral separation of the perfluorocarbon perfluoro‐15‐crown‐5‐ether (PFCE) and isoflurane (ISO) based on their chemical shifts at 4.7 T. Cramér‐Rao lower bound analysis is used to identify echo combinations with optimal signal‐to‐noise performance. Signal contributions are fit with a multispectral fluorine signal model using a non‐linear least squares estimation reconstruction directly from k‐space data. This CSE approach is tested in fluorine‐19 phantoms and in a mouse with a 2D and 3D spoiled gradient‐echo acquisition using multiple echo times determined from Cramér‐Rao lower bound analysis.ResultsCramér‐Rao lower bound analysis for PFCE and ISO separation shows signal‐to‐noise performance is maximized with a 0.33 ms echo separation. A linear behavior (R2 = 0.987) between PFCE signal and known relative PFCE volume is observed in CSE reconstructed images using a mixed PFCE/ISO phantom. Effective spatial and spectral separation of PFCE and ISO is shown in phantoms and in vivo.ConclusionFeasibility of a gradient‐echo CSE acquisition and image reconstruction approach with optimized noise performance is demonstrated through fluorine‐19 MRI of PFCE with effective removal of ISO signal contributions. Magn Reson Med 79:2183–2189, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A novel approach based on low‐field NMR for the detection of the pathological components of sputum in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Abrami Michela , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Di Domenico Enea Gino , Maschio Massimo , Ventura Alessandro , Confalonieri Marco , Di Gioia Sante , Conese Massimo , Dapas Barbara , Grassi Gabriele , Grassi Mario 
Published: August 2017

PurposeDevelopment of a reliable, simple method to monitor lung condition in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Lung functionality assessment in CF patients is relevant, as most of them still die of respiratory failure. In lung mucus (sputum) of CF patients, components such as proteins, biopolymers, DNA, bacteria, and mucin are pathologically increased. As lung functionality is related to the amount of the pathological components in the sputum, their determination can help clinicians in monitoring lung condition and planning therapy.MethodsLow‐field NMR was used to evaluate the variation of the relaxation time (T2m) of the water hydrogens present in CF sputum in relation to the amounts of the pathological components. Low‐field NMR was tested in artificial samples (mucin or alginates), then in conditional sputum (saliva from healthy volunteers, added by different amounts of the pathological components), and finally in 12 patients’ sputums, in which T2m was correlated to a commonly used lung monitoring test (i.e., forced expiratory volume in the first second).ResultsT2m significantly (P < 0.05) differed between samples with and without pathological components and between healthy and CF patients (P < 0.05), in which T2m correlated (r = 0.87) with FEV1.ConclusionsThe presented method can potentially become a valuable lung‐monitoring tool in CF patients. Magn Reson Med 79:2323–2331, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging with dual‐readout alternated gradients (DRAG‐EPSI) at 7 T: Application for 2‐hydroxyglutarate imaging in glioma patients
Authors: An Zhongxu , Tiwari Vivek , Ganji Sandeep K. , Baxter Jeannie , Levy Michael , Pinho Marco C. , Pan Edward , Maher Elizabeth A. , Patel Toral R. , Mickey Bruce E. , Choi Changho 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo develop echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with large spectral width and accomplish high‐resolution imaging of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG) at 7 T.MethodsWe designed a new EPSI readout scheme at 7 T. Data were recorded with dual‐readout alternated gradients and combined according to the gradient polarity. Following validation of its performance in phantoms, the new readout scheme, together with previously reported 2HG‐optimized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (point‐resolved spectroscopy echo time of 78 ms), was used for time‐efficient and high‐resolution imaging of 2HG and other metabolites in five glioma patients before treatment. Unsuppressed water, acquired with EPSI, was used as reference for multichannel combination, eddy‐current compensation, and metabolite quantification. Spectral fitting was conducted with the LCModel using in‐house calculated basis sets.ResultsUsing a readout gradient strength of 9.5 mT/m and slew rate of 90 mT/m/ms, dual‐readout alternated gradients EPSI permitted 1638‐Hz spectral width with 6 × 6 mm2 in‐plane resolution at 7 T. Phantom data indicated that dual‐readout alternated gradients EPSI provides proper metabolite signals and induces much less frequency drifts than conventional EPSI. For a spatial resolution of 0.5 mL, 2HG was detected in tumors with precision (Cramer‐Rao lower bound < 10%). The 2HG was estimated to be 2.3 to 3.3 mM in tumors of three patients with biopsy‐proven isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas. The 2HG was undetectable in an IDH wild‐type glioblastoma. For a radiographically suggested glioma, the estimated 2HG of 2.3 ± 0.2 mM (Cramer‐Rao lower bound < 10%) indicated that the lesion may be an IDH mutant glioma.ConclusionsThe data indicated that the dual‐readout alternated gradients EPSI can provide reliable high‐resolution imaging of 2HG in glioma patients at 7 T in vivo. Magn Reson Med 79:1851–1861, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Vastly accelerated linear least‐squares fitting with numerical optimization for dual‐input delay‐compensated quantitative liver perfusion mapping
Authors: Jafari Ramin , Chhabra Shalini , Prince Martin R. , Wang Yi , Spincemaille Pascal 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo propose an efficient algorithm to perform dual input compartment modeling for generating perfusion maps in the liver.MethodsWe implemented whole field‐of‐view linear least squares (LLS) to fit a delay‐compensated dual‐input single‐compartment model to very high temporal resolution (four frames per second) contrast‐enhanced 3D liver data, to calculate kinetic parameter maps. Using simulated data and experimental data in healthy subjects and patients, whole‐field LLS was compared with the conventional voxel‐wise nonlinear least‐squares (NLLS) approach in terms of accuracy, performance, and computation time.ResultsSimulations showed good agreement between LLS and NLLS for a range of kinetic parameters. The whole‐field LLS method allowed generating liver perfusion maps approximately 160‐fold faster than voxel‐wise NLLS, while obtaining similar perfusion parameters.ConclusionsDelay‐compensated dual‐input liver perfusion analysis using whole‐field LLS allows generating perfusion maps with a considerable speedup compared with conventional voxel‐wise NLLS fitting. Magn Reson Med 79:2415–2421, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Topology optimization for linear thermo‐mechanical transient problems: Modal reduction and adjoint sensitivities
Authors: Hooijkamp E. C. , Keulen F. van 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper focuses on topology optimization for linear transient thermo‐mechanical problems. The latter are, for example, encountered for extreme precision tools and instrumentation. Due to the transient nature, a standard adjoint sensitivity analysis will result in a backward transient analysis for the adjoint variables, leading to both storage and computational inefficiencies. A method is proposed that rigorously eliminates the backward transient integration for the adjoint sensitivity analysis. At the basis is a model‐order reduction technique, which relies on a reduced thermal modal basis combined with static correction. The modal amplitudes can be readily obtained semi‐analytically using simple convolutions. This accurate but reduced‐order model is the starting point for an adjoint sensitivity analysis. Via a tactic selection of adjoint variables, the backward transient analysis for the adjoints is completely eliminated, whereas computational efficiency and consistency are maintained. The effectiveness of the resulting adjoint sensitivities and their application in topology optimization are demonstrated on the basis of several test examples.
Automatic generation of locally refined Cartesian meshes: Data management and algorithms
Authors: Capizzano Francesco 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe paper describes the main features of an automatic and three‐dimensional Cartesian mesher specifically designed for compressible inviscid/viscous flow solvers based on an immersed boundary technique. The development of a meshing tool able of conducting non‐isotropic cell refinements is a very tiresome task. The major difficulty is to imagine, at the pre‐design phase, a light but flexible data management, which minimizes the memory and CPUs' resources. In particular, the embedded geometry has to be detected by means of a fast and robust tagging procedure. Cells in proximity of the wall have to be refined in a proper way to adequately solve large flow gradients. Smooth variation of mesh density between differently refined zones has to be guaranteed to increase the flow solver robustness. A procedure to obtain accurate data on the geometry surfaces should be foresee. Here, a robust algorithm is developed to reconstruct a surface triangulation starting from the intersection points among volume cells and the geometry surfaces. The paper attempts to address all the above issues to help the readers in designing their own tools and suggesting them a way forward.
Management of both toughness and stiffness of polypropylene nanocomposites using poly(5‐hexen‐1‐ol‐co‐propylene) and silica nanospheres
Authors: Watanabe Ryota , Kunioka Masao , Sato Hiroaki , Mizukado Junji , Hagihara Hideaki 
Published: August 2017

We developed novel polypropylene (PP)/silica nanocomposites using PP and silica nanospheres (SNSs) combined with poly(5‐hexen‐1‐ol‐co‐propylene) (PPOH), which is a functionalized PP containing hydroxyl groups that was assumed to play a role as not only an elastomer but also an interface modifier. Since the affinity between the PP matrix and silica filler was expected to be improved by blending with PPOH, its influence on the mechanical properties, structure, and toughness of the ternary composites was examined in detail to provide a better understanding of the role of the matrix‐filler affinity on the mechanical properties. The dispersity of the SNSs in the fabricated PP/PPOH/SNS nanocomposite was improved by increasing the hydroxyl group content of PPOH due to the enhanced affinity between PPOH and the SNSs. The SNSs in the composite with PPOH containing 6.4 mol% hydroxyl groups (PPOH6.4) were almost dispersed in the microscale domain, while the SNSs in the composite with 1.3 mol% hydroxy groups (PPOH1.3) were considerably aggregated. The toughness of the nanocomposite was noticeably improved by blending PPOH6.4 without a significant loss of stiffness. In contrast, the toughness was hardly improved using PPOH1.3. Therefore, both the fine dispersion of the SNSs and the excellent affinity between PPOH6.4 and the SNSs contributed to the good balance of toughness and stiffness of the PP/PPOH/SNS nanocomposite.
Reverse atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of diatomite nanoplatelets
Authors: Sarsabili Mohammadreza , Rahmatolahzadeh Reza , Shobeiri Seyed Amin , Hamadanian Masood , Farazin Alireza , Khezri Khezrollah 
Published: August 2017

Diatomite nanoplatelets were used for in situ random copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization to synthesize different well‐defined nanocomposites. Inherent features of the pristine diatomite nanoplatelets were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Gas and size exclusion chromatography was also used to determine conversion and molecular weight determinations, respectively. Considerable increment in conversion (from 81% to 97%) was achieved by adding 3 wt% diatomite nanoplatelets in the copolymer matrix. Moreover, molecular weight of random copolymer chains was increased from 12 890 to 13 960 g·mol−1 by addition of 3 wt% diatomite nanoplatelets; however, polydispersity index (PDI) values increases from 1.36 to 1.59. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to evaluate copolymers composition. Thermal gravimetric analysis results indicate that thermal stability of the nanocomposites is improved by adding diatomite nanoplatelets. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition temperature from 66°C to 71°C by adding 3 wt% of diatomite nanoplatelets.
Flame retarded self‐reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by injection moulding
Authors: Vadas Dániel , Kmetty Ákos , Bárány Tamás , Marosi György , Bocz Katalin 
Published: August 2017

A method was elaborated to prepare flame retarded self‐reinforced polypropylene composites by injection moulding. The effect of intumescent flame retardant (FR) loading was comprehensively investigated on the morphology, flammability, and mechanical properties of the self‐reinforced polypropylene composites and compared with non‐reinforced counterparts of identical additive contents. Homogeneous distribution of both the reinforcing polypropylene fibres and the FR additive was achieved endowing significantly improved strength and stiffness accompanied with increased fire resistance. At 10% FR content, 37% reduction of peak of heat release rate, UL94 V‐2 rating, and LOI of 24.5 vol% were achieved without compromising the improved mechanical performance of the injection moulded self‐reinforced composites, ie, a 4‐fold increase of tensile strength and a 7‐fold increase of tensile modulus were reached compared with the non‐reinforced counterpart. At higher loading (15% FR), the FR properties improved further (LOI of 29.5 vol% was reached); however, due to the abrasive effect of the FR particles in the matrix, the structure of the reinforcing fibres tends to get damaged during the thermo‐mechanical processing, and thus their reinforcing efficacy deteriorated. It is demonstrated that the combination of polymer fibre reinforcement with other fillers (such as FRs) is advantageous and feasible even by injection moulding, but the balance between the individual attributed properties needs to be found.
Consequences of diagnosing a tumor predisposition syndrome in children with cancer: A literature review
Authors: Postema Floor A.M. , Hopman Saskia M.J. , Hennekam Raoul C. , Merks Johannes H.M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUp to 8.5% of children with cancer have a genetic cause for their cancer: a tumor predisposition syndrome (TPS). Diagnosing a TPS is of great importance, as it may have major consequences for clinical care. Patients with TPSs require specific monitoring and management. We present an overview of the cancer‐related and noncancer‐related consequences for the 36 most common TPSs.