bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Avoidable and Unavoidable Complications in Spine Surgery: A Survey-based Study of Spine Fellowship Directors
Authors: Khaleel Mohammed A. , Bono Christopher M. , White Andrew P. , Wood Kirkham B. , Harris Mitchel B. , Wagner Katiri , Zurakowski David , McGuire Kevin J. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.
A cross-sectional survey of orthopedic spine surgery fellowship directors in the United States.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether consensus exists with respect to spine-related adverse events and certain hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) or “never events.”

Summary of Background Data.
As part of a broad effort to improve health care outcomes, providers are no longer reimbursed for HACs, which are deemed avoidable. Although some HACs are unquestionably preventable with proper quality control measures, research suggests that even scrupulous adherence to evidence-based guidelines cannot eliminate others.

Methods.
Surveys were distributed via email and post. Participants rated 27 HACs and selected spine-specific events on an ordinal scale. Interobserver reliability was assessed among all 46 spine directors (respondents) using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), based on a two-way random effects model, assuming that the participants were a representative population sample of spine surgeons. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed on each of the 27 complications to identify potential demographic factors that could be associated with variation among respondents in their ratings of “avoidable” to “unavoidable.”

Results.
Forty-six fellowship directors responded, of whom 98% were orthopedic spine surgeons. The majority (80.4%) of respondents had greater than 10 years’ experience as a spine surgeon, and 66.7% had an annual surgical volume >201 cases. The multivariable linear regression analyses found that demographic factors were not predictive of the directors’ ratings. The complications thought to be completely avoidable (median scores 1) included “Incompatible blood,” “Retained foreign object,” and “Wrong level surgery.” The HAC considered least avoidable was “Site infection with risk factors” (median score 8). Among 17 spine-specific complications, “L4-L5 disc re-herniation within 3 months” (median score 9) was considered least avoidable.

Conclusion.
This survey suggests that orthopedic spine surgeons consider most “never events” neither avoidable nor unavoidable. There is strong consensus only about the HACs resulting from obvious medical error.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Use of CYFRA 21-1 for the Detection of Breast Cancer Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Needle Washouts of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies
Authors: Liscia Daniel S. , Detoma Paolo , Zanchetta Mario , Anrò Patrizia , Molinar Daniela , Favettini Elisabetta , Paduos Adriana 
Published: December 2015

Background:
In the preoperative setting of breast cancer, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) guided by ultrasonography can be used to detect axillary lymph node metastases. The aim of the current study was to determine whether measurement in needle washouts of CYFRA 21-1, a soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), can improve the diagnosis of lymph node tumor deposits.

Materials and Methods:
Our prospective study included 329 breast cancer patients eligible for a sentinel node procedure. Eighty-two patients had a ultrasonography-guided FNAB of an abnormal or suspicious axillary node and were included in the current analysis. Samples were processed with smears and cell-block histology; afterwards, needles were washed with saline solution, and the CYFRA 21-1 content in the washouts was measured. The cutoff value for positive samples that expressed CK19, as shown by their immunohistochemistry, was determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve. On the basis of this value, the specificity and the sensitivity, as well as the positive and negative predictive values, were then calculated using cytology results as a reference standard.

Results:
Of the 82 axillary lymph nodes sampled, 61 were positive on cytology and were metastatic for breast cancer, as confirmed by surgery. The median CYFRA 21-1 concentration of positive samples was 88.94 ng/mL, whereas in the 21 negative nodes, its median concentration was 1.02 ng/mL (P<0.0001). A CYFRA 21-1 cutoff value of 1.98 ng/mL, obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve, was able to clearly separate negative from positive samples and gave the test a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 1.00. Positive and negative predictive values were 1.00 and 0.95, respectively.

Conclusions:
The measurement of CYFRA 21-1 levels in needle washouts after axillary lymph node FNABs represents an accurate, sensitive, and highly predictive procedure in detecting metastatic deposits of breast cancer and is fit to complement cytology and CK19 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool.
Comprehensive pathogen detection associated with four recurrent episodes of Kawasaki disease in a patient during a single year using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Hamada Hiromichi , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Oba Kunihiro , Katano Harutaka , Kinumaki Akiko , Terai Masaru , Mizutani Tetsuya , Kuroda Makoto 
Published: December 2015

Introduction:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common multisystem vasculitis in childhood. Pathogens can be associated with the onset of KD. However, a lack of consistency prevails among reports about this disease.

Case presentation:
For this case of a 1-year-old boy with four recurrent episodes of KD within a year, we analysed profiles of pathogen reads in his serum and pharynx specimens using next-generation sequencing. Comparative analysis of the identified bacterial reads from serum samples found significant correlation of bacteria such as Streptococcus and Haemophilus spp. with the first and fourth episodes (R
2 = 0.9506) before treatment. In the first convalescent phase, the number of Streptococcus spp. was reduced remarkably (P < 0.0001). From sequencing of the pharynx specimen from the fourth episode, a similar correlation was found with serum from the fourth episode (R
2 = 0.6633).

Conclusion:
In this case, Streptococcus spp. may have been associated with onset of KD. Further studies must be undertaken to evaluate the putative association of micro-organism infection with KD pathogenesis.
Changes in the relative abundance of twoSaccharomycesspecies from oak forests to wine fermentations
Authors: Dashko Sofia , Liu Ping , Volk Helena , Butinar Lorena , Piškur Jure , Fay Justin C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand its sibling speciesS. paradoxusare known to inhabit temperate arboreal habitats across the globe. Despite their sympatric distribution in the wild,S. cerevisiaeis predominantly associated with human fermentations. The apparent ecological differentiation of these species is particularly striking in Europe whereS. paradoxusis abundant in forests andS. cerevisiaeis abundant in vineyards. However, ecological differences may be confounded with geographic differences in species abundance. To compare the distribution and abundance of these two species we isolatedSaccharomycesstrains from over 1,200 samples taken from vineyard and forest habitats in Slovenia. We isolated numerous strains ofS. cerevisiaeandS. paradoxusas well as small number ofS. kudriavzeviistrains from both vineyard and forest environments. We findS. cerevisiaeless abundant thanS. paradoxuson oak trees within and outside the vineyard, but more abundant on grapevines and associated substrates. Analysis of the uncultured microbiome shows that bothS. cerevisiaeandS. paradoxusare rare species in soil and bark samples, but can be much more common in grape must. In contrast toS. paradoxus, European strains ofS. cerevisiaehave acquired multiple traits thought to be important for life in the vineyard and dominance of wine fermentations. We conclude thatS. cerevisiaeandS. paradoxuscurrently share both vineyard and non-vineyard habitats in Slovenia and we discuss factors relevant to their global distribution and relative abundance.
The effectiveness of power-dependence management in retailing
Authors: Takashima Katsuyoshi , Kim Changju 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate retailers’ power-dependence management through the lens of supply chain diversification, and explore how it is linked to their logistic arrangements in managing suppliers and their retail performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Hypotheses are tested using a structural equation modelling based on survey data from 186 merchandising division heads at Japanese retail companies.

Findings
– The results reveal that quick-response inventory replenishment is positively related to retailers’ use of power-dependence management. This management practice leads to enhanced retail competitiveness and, thus, higher sales growth in supply chain relationships.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to understanding how retailers’ logistic arrangements work by modelling power relations within supply chains, drawing on power-dependence theory. The authors propose an alternative view of logistics systems to that of the widely adopted transaction cost theory. The authors find that supplier investments in quick-response inventory management may not be a relationship-specific asset.
Police interviews in Scotland – use of appropriate adults
Authors: Bowden Keith , Wilson Ian 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show the development of Appropriate Adult services in Scotland over the past nine years and considers how this differs from the rest of the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– New analysis of existing statistical information is provided to show pattern of demand, type of interview, nature of mental disorder involved and regional differences.

Findings
– Growth in demand for services is identified for both suspect and witness interviews, with people with learning disabilities most frequently receiving support. There is significant variation in the pattern of referrals across Scotland.

Practical implications
– The results reflect heightened awareness amongst police officers of the need for Appropriate Adults, but there should be examination of the different types of provision to promote equity of service.

Originality/value
– This is the first time that these figures have been collated and subject to analysis. They provide comparative information within Scotland that is also of relevance to the rest of the UK.
Choice of Library and Information Science in a rapidly changing information landscape
Authors: Moniarou-Papaconstantinou Valentini , Vassilakaki Evgenia , Tsatsaroni Anna 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– Library and Information Science (LIS) has for a long time tried to gain legitimacy. In an ever changing environment due to technological and economic developments, the motivations behind choice of LIS are still of great interest. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of studies investigating the motivations that determine the choice of LIS.Design/methodology/approach– Different search terms were run on different but relevant databases. A number of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and in total 45 papers were judged as relevant to choice of LIS discipline. A thorough analysis of these papers’ content revealed three main themes: choice of LIS, choice of LIS specialty and career change to LIS.Findings– A variety of different motivations for choosing LIS were identified. The same motivations were reported in all groups (high school students, students, professionals). Specifically, love of books and reading, nature of library work, desire to help people were among the most reported motivations. LIS was also chosen as a second career by different professionals mainly due to changes in their first career work environment, the nature of library work, the desire to use knowledge and the transferable skills in their new career.Research limitations/implications– This study considered only peer-reviewed research published between 2000 and 2014 in English. Specifically, it focussed on the motivations that specific groups chose to study LIS both as first and second career.Practical implications– Library schools could raise awareness among high school students regarding the value, role and importance of LIS.Originality/value– This paper examines the factors influencing the choice of LIS in a changing information environment, and sheds light on the individuals’ decision-making process attracted to LIS.
The odyssey of Flemish public libraries facing opportunities and threats when becoming strategic partners in urban development
Authors: Vallet Nathalie 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction between the local policy context and the strategic role of public libraries within urban networks or partnerships aiming for the future development and innovation of cities.Design/methodology/approach– An explorative case-study design in ten Flemish public libraries (i.e. Kortrijk, Sint-Niklaas, Turnhout, Geel, Maaseik, Dendermonde, Knokke-Heist, Hemiksem-Schelle, Balen and Boortmeerbeek-Haacht).Findings– The findings are twofold. On the one hand the research results identify three categories of emerging “threats” and “opportunities” being first, the strategic dilemmas between local policy priorities, second, the trends in policy frameworks and third, the bottlenecks in needed methods and competences of local policy actors. On the other hand the research results also uncover three public library strategies to cope with these challenges, being first, the professionalization of their own strategic management profile, second, the exploration and mapping of “the others” and third, the initiatives taken to actively craft and design the strategic partnership themselves.Practical implications– This paper provides unique and interesting insights on how the changing local policy context in Flanders prevents (“threats”) and stimulates (“opportunites”) the formation, development and acknowledgment of strategic partnerships of public libraries, and on how the public libraries involved encounter these challenges.Originality/value– It is the only study in Flanders providing empirical information on the interaction between the changing local policy context and the strategic partnerships of public libraries.
Hong Kong JULAC common library card
Authors: Mak Venia Y.M. , Chan Diana L. H. , Lam Ki-Tat , Li Y.O. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a collaborative project on issuing a library card for common access among all eight higher education libraries in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach
– The project was undertaken by two committees and a task force of cross-institutional membership. The new common library card adopts the “patron-record-on-demand model,” reducing the risks involved in patron data transfer across institutions. Historical narrative combined with usage analysis from the launch date of the project was outlined.

Findings
– The new common library cards were well received. About 63 percent of old cards were replaced by new ones. New applications jumped 43 percent while physical access to host libraries increased by 8 percent during the reporting period.

Originality/value
– This paper describes in detail the processes of developing a common barcode, an automated card registration system and the issuing of the common library cards. Libraries pursuing an efficient way of sharing library resources will be inspired by the level of collaboration involved in this project.
Decision-making experiences of public library CEOs
Authors: Stenstrom Cheryl 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe the decision-making practices of public library managers in the context of interpersonal influence and evidence-based information sources, and to investigate the relationship between models of evidence-based practice and interpersonal influence in the decision-making process of public library managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected through short audio blog posts participants made about their everyday decisions and coded considering the facets of three existing evidence-based library and information practice (EBLIP) models as well as the facets of interpersonal influence.

Findings
– The findings show that public library CEOs decision-making behaviours reflect the use of a variety of practices from analytical to intuitive as is expected of managers in any sector; however, a stronger reliance on gathering objective information may be present than in other sectors. Seeking multiple sources of information and a tendency towards rationalism may indicate a more sophisticated approach to decision making, but be less indicative of the practices employed more broadly. A possible outcome of these tendencies may result in discordance with external partners and collaborators.

Practical implications
– The findings from this study may inform the work of associations, library and information science (LIS) educators, and library managers in developing strategic directions and instructional strategies within their organisations. It is also the first study to jointly examine models of interpersonal influence and evidence-based decision-making practices in any field.

Originality/value
– While the study of the decision-making practices of various groups is growing, little previous research has been conducted with public library managers, and none has been undertaken in Canada.
Evidence based organizational change: people surveys, strategies and structures
Authors: Town J. Stephen 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of the use of people surveys to enact change in human capital organization and practices in a University library.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study covers seven years of people surveys and the consequent interventions applied based on this and other data and evidence at the University of York, UK. The case describes measurement of staff’s lived experience, leading to innovation and intervention in management strategies, structures and policies. The research employs a mixed methodology; the paper draws on quantitative evidence from surveys, qualitative evidence from focus groups and desk research on human capital measurement and emotion in the workplace.

Findings
– The paper describes the findings of investigations across seven years, discusses the available methods for people assessment, and the different theoretical foundations of the engagement, climate and excellence surveys used across the period. Strategic and structural interventions are described and their effectiveness discussed.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitations of research in the field of human capital are discussed, including the participant observation of the library director, together with the potential confounding factors affecting data collected during the period of research.

Social implications
– The paper reflects on advances in the understanding and practice of people evaluation in libraries. The development of a people strategy based on evidence, and repetition of surveys to gauge the effectiveness of interventions, with consequent refinement of solutions, appear to have had a real effect on the lived experience, culture and service provided by the case library.

Originality/value
– The originality and value of the paper is that it provides a unique long-term case study of people surveys, strategy and structure in an academic research library.
Relationships between resprouting ability, species traits and resource allocation patterns in woody species in a temperate forest
Authors: Shibata Rei , Kurokawa Hiroko , Shibata Mitsue , Tanaka Hiroshi , Iida Shigeo , Masaki Takashi , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Many woody plants resprout to restore above‐ground biomass after disturbances or to survive in stressful environments. Resprouting requires carbohydrate storage, but the general relationship between resource allocation patterns and resprouting ability remains unclear because it can be influenced by the disturbance regime to which species have adapted.

We studied deciduous broadleaved trees that coexist in a Japanese cool‐temperate forest to investigate the relationships among the biomass and total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) allocation patterns of saplings, resprouting ability and functional traits. The study species comprised 16 single‐stemmed species that only resprout when above‐ground biomass loss occurs and eight multi‐stemmed species that resprout regardless of whether above‐ground damage occurs or not.

Single‐stemmed species with better juvenile resprouting ability had larger roots, whereas multi‐stemmed species with better juvenile resprouting ability did not necessarily depend on below‐ground reserves.

Species that retain their ability to resprout until a larger size had a higher root TNC content as saplings, suggesting that they can survive major disturbances such as fire and coppicing by resprouting supported by TNC stored in their roots.

Species with shade‐tolerant traits (i.e. low foliar nitrogen indicating low photosynthetic capacity, high wood density indicating high defensive investment) had small below‐ground TNC reserves irrespective of resprouting types. On the other hand, multi‐stemmed species with high wood density and high LMA (indicating high photosynthetic capacity) had small above‐ground TNC reserves. Contrary to our hypothesis, a species’ maximum size did not relate to the size of its below‐ground reserves.

By considering the differences in resprouting types, we suggest more complex control of resprouting than was formerly proposed. Variation in the resprouting ability of single‐stemmed species was based on a trade‐off between below‐ground reserves for resprouting and shade‐tolerant traits. However, multi‐stemmed species can vigorously resprout irrespective of the size of its below‐ground reserves. Their multi‐stemmed architecture, well‐defended wood, high photosynthetic capacity or large above‐ground carbohydrate reserves seem to respectively contribute to their persistence. Such variation in the resprouting strategy based on a trade‐off between shade tolerance and resource storage would promote species coexistence under a range of disturbance regimes and light environments.
Subseafloor microbial communities in hydrogen‐rich vent fluids from hydrothermal systems along the Mid‐Cayman Rise
Authors: Reveillaud Julie , Reddington Emily , McDermott Jill , Algar Christopher , Meyer Julie L. , Sylva Sean , Seewald Jeffrey , German Christopher R. , Huber Julie A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWarm fluids emanating from hydrothermal vents can be used as windows into the rocky subseafloor habitat and its resident microbial community. Two new vent systems on the Mid‐Cayman Rise each exhibits novel geologic settings and distinctively hydrogen‐rich vent fluid compositions. We have determined and compared the chemistry, potential energy yielding reactions, abundance, community composition, diversity, and function of microbes in venting fluids from both sites: Piccard, the world's deepest vent site, hosted in mafic rocks; and Von Damm, an adjacent, ultramafic‐influenced system. Von Damm hosted a wider diversity of lineages and metabolisms in comparison to Piccard, consistent with thermodynamic models that predict more numerous energy sources at ultramafic systems. There was little overlap in the phylotypes found at each site, although similar and dominant hydrogen‐utilizing genera were present at both. Despite the differences in community structure, depth, geology, and fluid chemistry, energetic modelling and metagenomic analysis indicate near functional equivalence between Von Damm and Piccard, likely driven by the high hydrogen concentrations and elevated temperatures at both sites. Results are compared with hydrothermal sites worldwide to provide a global perspective on the distinctiveness of these newly discovered sites and the interplay among rocks, fluid composition and life in the subseafloor.