bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey regarding Maternal Awareness about Oral Hygiene and Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 3- to 6-year-old Children in Davangere, Karnataka, India
Authors: Neena IE , Singh Yanina , Bahanan Abraham Ashwin , Meghana SB 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To create awareness among the parents (mothers) about early childhood caries (ECC), to provide information, and to check knowledge about oral hygiene measures.

Materials and methods
A total of 382 children aged 3 to 6 years were examined from play homes and schools in Davangere, Karnataka, India, by the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A questionnaire was given to all the mothers of the examined children to fill in the details to create awareness among mother’s oral hygiene measures. The collected data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 17.0 software) to assess the prevalence of ECC and knowledge regarding ECC among mothers.

Results
About 64.7% of mothers clean their child’s mouth after feeding, 40.1% started practicing oral hygiene at the age of 12 months and practiced oral hygiene twice a day.

Conclusion
Results show that mothers were quite aware of oral hygiene measures. They know about the proper way of toothbrushing and also about the frequency of brushing.

How to cite this article
Neena IE, Poornima P, Singh Y, Bahanan AA, Meghana SB. A Survey regarding Maternal Awareness about Oral Hygiene and Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in 3- to 6-year-old Children in Davangere, Karnataka, India. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):6-8.
Management of Palatogingival Groove using the Innovative Tricalcium Silicate Material Biodentine™
Authors: Dhanyakumar NM , Devasia Soumya R 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Palatogingival grooves (PGG) are developmental malformations that cause endodontic–periodontal lesions. Owing to their inconspicuous occurrence, funnel-shaped morphology, and variable extent on tooth root, they promote adherence of plaque and bacteria to levels significant for the development of pathology. Several treatment approaches have been recognized in the literature for the management of this anomaly. Here, in this report, a 32-year-old female patient reported with the complaint of pain and swelling in maxillary left lateral incisor. Clinical examination confirmed an endodontic–periodontal lesion in relation to PGG. Endodontic treatment was instituted followed by odontoplasty of the groove and restoration with newer calcium silicate cement, Biodentine. Combined endodontic–periodontal approach was successful in resolving the pathology with complete healing seen both clinically and radiographically. Timely diagnosis, prevention, and management are highly recommended to prevent tooth loss due to complications arising secondary to their presence.
How to cite this article
Dhanyakumar NM, Devasia SR. Management of Palatogingival Groove using the Innovative Tricalcium Silicate Material Biodentine™. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):54-58.
Aerosols at the poles: an AeroCom Phase II multi-model evaluation
Authors: Sand Maria , Samset Bjørn H. , Balkanski Yves , Bauer Susanne , Bellouin Nicolas , Berntsen Terje K. , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Diehl Thomas , Easter Richard , Ghan Steven J. , Iversen Trond , Kirkevåg Alf , Lamarque Jean-François , Lin Guangxing , Liu Xiaohong , Luo Gan , Myhre Gunnar , Noije Twan van , Penner Joyce E. , Schulz Michael , Seland Øyvind , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsigaridis Kostas , Yu Fangqun , Zhang Kai , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic and natural sources reach the polar regions through long-range transport and affect the local radiation balance. Such transport is, however, poorly constrained in present-day global climate models, and few multi-model evaluations of polar anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing exist. Here we compare the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from simulations with 16 global aerosol models from the AeroCom Phase II model intercomparison project with available observations at both poles. We show that the annual mean multi-model median is representative of the observations in Arctic, but that the intermodel spread is large. We also document the geographical distribution and seasonal cycle of the AOD for the individual aerosol species: black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel and biomass burning, sulfate, organic aerosols (OAs), dust, and sea-salt. For a subset of models that represent nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), we document the role of these aerosols at high latitudes.The seasonal dependence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols differs with natural aerosols peaking in winter (sea-salt) and spring (dust), whereas AOD from anthropogenic aerosols peaks in late spring and summer. The models produce a median annual mean AOD of 0.07 in the Arctic (defined here as north of 60° N). The models also predict a noteworthy aerosol transport to the Antarctic (south of 70° S) with a resulting AOD varying between 0.01 and 0.02. The models have estimated the shortwave anthropogenic radiative forcing contributions to the direct aerosol effect (DAE) associated with BC and OA from fossil fuel and biofuel (FF), sulfate, SOAs, nitrate, and biomass burning from BC and OA emissions combined. The Arctic modelled annual mean DAE is slightly negative (−0.12 W m−2), dominated by a positive BC FF DAE in spring and a negative sulfate DAE in summer. The Antarctic DAE is governed by BC FF. We perform sensitivity experiments with one of the AeroCom models (GISS modelE) to investigate how regional emissions of BC and sulfate and the lifetime of BC influence the Arctic and Antarctic AOD. A doubling of emissions in eastern Asia results in a 33 % increase in Arctic AOD of BC. A doubling of the BC lifetime results in a 39 % increase in Arctic AOD of BC. However, these radical changes still fall within the AeroCom model range.
Soil moisture control of sap-flow response to biophysical factors in a desert-shrub species, Artemisia ordosica
Authors: Zha Tianshan , Qian Duo , Jia Xin , Bai Yujie , Tian Yun , Bourque Charles P.-A. , Ma Jingyong , Feng Wei , Wu Bin , Peltola Heli 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The current understanding of acclimation processes in desert-shrub species to drought stress in dryland ecosystems is still incomplete. In this study, we measured sap flow in Artemisia ordosica and associated environmental variables throughout the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 (May–September period of each year) to better understand the environmental controls on the temporal dynamics of sap flow. We found that the occurrence of drought in the dry year of 2013 during the leaf-expansion and leaf-expanded periods caused sap flow per leaf area (Js) to decline significantly, resulting in transpiration being 34 % lower in 2013 than in 2014. Sap flow per leaf area correlated positively with radiation (Rs), air temperature (T), and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) when volumetric soil water content (VWC) was greater than 0.10 m3 m−3. Diurnal Js was generally ahead of Rs by as much as 6 hours. This time lag, however, decreased with increasing VWC. The relative response of Js to the environmental variables (i.e., Rs, T, and VPD) varied with VWC, Js being more strongly controlled by plant-physiological processes during periods of dryness indicated by a low decoupling coefficient and low sensitivity to the environmental variables. According to this study, soil moisture is shown to control sap-flow (and, therefore, plant-transpiration) response in Artemisia ordosica to diurnal variations in biophysical factors. This species escaped (acclimated to) water limitations by invoking a water-conservation strategy with the regulation of stomatal conductance and advancement of Js peaking time, manifesting in a hysteresis effect. The findings of this study add to the knowledge of acclimation processes in desert-shrub species under drought-associated stress. This knowledge is essential in modeling desert-shrub-ecosystem functioning under changing climatic conditions.
Ship emissions and the use of current air cleaning technology: contributions to air pollution and acidification in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Claremar Björn , Haglund Karin , Rutgersson Anna 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The shipping sector is a significant contributor to emissions of air pollutants in marine and coastal regions. In order to achieve sustainable shipping, primarily through new regulations and techniques, greater knowledge of dispersion and deposition of air pollutants is required. Regional model calculations of the dispersion and concentration of sulfur, nitrogen, and particulate matter, as well as deposition of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen from the international maritime sector in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, have been made for the years 2011 to 2013. The contribution from shipping is highest along shipping lanes and near large ports for concentration and dry deposition. Sulfur is the most important pollutant coupled to shipping. The contribution of both SO2 concentration and dry deposition of sulfur represented up to 80 % of the total in some regions. WHO guidelines for annual concentrations were not trespassed for any analysed pollutant, other than PM2.5 in the Netherlands, Belgium, and central Poland. However, due to the resolution of the numerical model, 50 km  ×  50 km, there may be higher concentrations locally close to intense shipping lanes. Wet deposition is more spread and less sensitive to model resolution. The contribution of wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen from shipping was up to 30 % of the total wet deposition. Comparison of simulated to measured concentration at two coastal stations close to shipping lanes showed some underestimations and missed maximums, probably due to resolution of the model and underestimated ship emissions. A change in regulation for maximum sulfur content in maritime fuel, in 2015 from 1 to 0.1 %, decreases the atmospheric sulfur concentration and deposition significantly. However, due to costs related to refining, the cleaning of exhausts through scrubbers has become a possible economic solution. Open-loop scrubbers meet the air quality criteria but their consequences for the marine environment are largely unknown. The resulting potential of future acidification in the Baltic Sea, both from atmospheric deposition and from scrubber water along the shipping lanes, based on different assumptions about sulfur content in fuel, scrubber usage, and increased shipping density has been assessed. The increase in deposition for different shipping and scrubber scenarios differs for the basins in the Baltic Sea, with highest potential of acidification in the southern basins with high traffic. The proportion of ocean-acidifying sulfur from ships increases when taking scrubber water into account and the major reason for increasing acidifying nitrogen from ships is increasing ship traffic. Also, with the implementation of emission control for nitrogen, the effect of scrubbers on acidification is evident. This study also generates a database of shipping and scrubber scenarios for atmospheric deposition and scrubber exhaust from the period 2011 to 2050.
Land of the Free: Prison Reform Following the War on Drugs
Authors: Tingley Megan 
Published: October 2017

ince its beginnings in 1971, the war on drugs has been largely unsuccessful in reducing drug use. Instead, it has had many unintended consequences, one of which is a huge increase in the federal prison population over the past 40 years. Despite making up only five percent of the world population, the U.S. is home to 25 percent of its prisoners. Since the 1970s, the prison population in the U.S. has skyrocketed due to the implementation of War on Drugs policies. The main reason for the failure of the War on Drugs can be attributed in part to mandatory minimum sentencing laws. Implemented as a part of the Anti- Drug Abuse Act of 1986, these one-size-fits-all policies require a certain punishment based on the amount and type of drug in possession without allowing for flexibility based on context.
Three’s Company: How the US and China’s Complementary Competition is Improving African Health
Authors: Polineni Sai 
Published: October 2017

President Obama's and President Xi Jinping's visits to Tanzania — and the associated jubliation and fanfare accompanying them — seem to validate much of what has been written in the past few years of the supposed competition between the United States and China for influence and resources in Africa, with many authors proclaiming that the U.S. was losing this competition. Aside from propagating the idea that Africa is some sort of homogenous collection of people, ideas, and cultures, many of these authors view the role of Africa as primarily an economic battleground in which the U.S and China must battle to determine control while ignoring the fact that the differing strengths and focuses of the American and Chinese economies do not lend themselves to any sort of outright competition in Africa.
Barwick, Bankruptcy and the Human Dimension
Authors: Greenwood The Hon Justice Andrew 
Published: October 2017

The overall theme of this conference is ‘A Fresh Look at “Fresh Start”: the Human Dimension to Bankruptcy.’ The Queensland University of Technology prides itself, rightly, on being a University for the real world. The topics, the subject of this conference, engage that notion in a very direct and contemporary way. However, let me give you an old illustration of a contemporary problem.

*Please note that this is an invited contribution and hence not peer reviewed.
Medical Assistance in Dying: Lessons for Australia from Canada
Authors: Downie Jocelyn , Downie Jocelyn 
Published: October 2017

Canada has recently witnessed dramatic changes in end of life law and policy. Most notably, we have moved from a prohibitive to a permissive regime with respect to medical assistance in dying (MAiD). As a number of Australian states are actively engaged in debates about whether to decriminalise MAiD, it is worth reviewing the Canadian experience and drawing out any lessons that might usefully inform the current processes in Australia.

*Please note that this is an invited contribution and hence not peer reviewed.
THA conversion rate comparing decompression alone, with autologous bone graft or stem cells in osteonecrosis
Authors: Nally Francisco J. , Zanotti Gerardo , Buttaro Martín A. , Dilernia Fernando D. , Mansilla Ignacio G. , Comba Fernando M. , Piccaluga Francisco 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Core decompression (CD) with or without the addition of autologous bone graft (CDBG) is currently the most widely accepted treatment for hip osteonecrosis in stages of pre-collapse. The use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (CDSC) is emerging as a promising biological alternative. We sought to determine the total hip arthroplasty (THA) conversion rate for patients treated with CD, CDBG or CDSC. Material and methods: Between 1996 and 2012, 97 cases were evaluated in 72 patients: 47 CD cases, 34 CDGB cases and 16 CDSC cases. The mean age was 39 (20-63) years, 25 bilateral, 19 female and 53 male, 14 Ficat 1 and 83 Ficat 2. Bilateral cases with asymmetric stage and equal treatment were excluded. Results: Conversion rate to THA was 44% for the CD group (21/47) at an average of 77 (24-324) months; 50% for the CDBG group (17/34) at an average of 34 (24-240) months and 50% for the CDSC group (8/16) at an average of 48 (24-72) months (p = 0.619). Log Rank test for survivorship analysis was not significant (p = 0.2011). Immunodeficiency or corticosteroid treatment history was associated with 16/47 of the CD group, 7/34 in the CDBG group and 1/16 in the CDSC group. Trauma was associated with 2/47 of the CD group, 5/34 of the CDBG group and none of the CDSC group. Hazard ratio considering risk factors was not significant (p = 0.252). Conclusions: In these series of cases including patients with pre-collapse osteonecrosis, we observed non-significant results regarding rate of conversion to THA with CD, CDBG or CDSC at an average of 5.5 years.
“Eyes a man could drown in”: Phallic Myth and Femininity in John Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman
Authors: Mandal Mahitosh 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper is a psychoanalytic study of “gender myths” as presented in John Fowles's famous novel The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969). It begins by describing Fowles's interest in Freudian psychoanalysis and his use of psychoanalytic ideas in constructing fictional characters. The paper subsequently explains how the concept of “postmodern indeterminacy” as found in Fowles's text needs to be read in connection with the “enigma” as embodied by Sarah Woodruff, the female protagonist. An attempt is then made to make sense of the “enigma of femininity,” a critical concern among the psychoanalysts. Elaborating on Lacanian developments and critique of Freudian ideas, this paper uses the psychoanalytic notions related to the truth of the feminine, fictionality of the masculine, jouissance, and sexual non-rapport to offer an analysis of the enigma of Sarah Woodruff, the failures of Charles Smithson the male protagonist, and the inconclusiveness of Fowles's narrative. The discussion highlights the link between feminism and Lacanian psychoanalysis on the question of construction of gender identities.
Where Diaspora Meets Disillusionment: Panther Politics in Castro's Cuba
Authors: Dunbar Jessie Lafrance 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Black Panther Party was ideologically drawn to “post-revolutionary” Cuba, but when multiple Party members were extended asylum by Fidel Castro, they noted that the propaganda did not match the promise. Socialism had not, as Castro argued, eradicated racism. Had a mutual exchange of education and respect occurred, Castro may have been able to sidestep the campaign of negative press launched against his regime by black nationalist leaders and taken up by the American media. The Panthers may have been able to separate Castro's promises from a long standing tradition of propaganda, and avoided some of their subsequent disillusionment with one of the Panther Party's most esteemed role models.
Financial Fictions: Contrapuntal Models of Debt in Vonnegut, Dickens, and Scorsese
Authors: Nevin Justin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In previous editions of ILS, David Bartine forwarded dissonant counterpoint as a creative means to rethink stagnated modes and problems. This article reads theoretical works by Judith Butler, Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Rancière, and David Graeber against three literary examples—God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, Mean Streets, and David Copperfield—that seem to forward contrapuntal models of debt as potential theoretical responses to the U.S.'s debt of exception. Because it does not have to be repaid under the same conditions as do other debts, I argue that this debt of exception can be leveraged all the more effectively against Jacques Rancière's conception of demos. As such, social ontologies of debt in these literary examples become momentary if ultimately limited or negative potentialities against the incursion of a debt of exception into nomos.
Biopoetics and Hermeneutics: The Postal Metaphor inIl Postino
Authors: Randall David S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article is a reading of a novel and film that promotes the primacy of language in human affairs. An interdisciplinary approach combines Heideggerian hermeneutics with Darwinian literary criticism. From a Heideggerian perspective, one's existence is essentially the hermeneutic activity of interpretation, since one's being (Dasein) primordially entails a situated, questioning, self-interpretation. The questioning of what it means to be is an integral aspect of a projective hermeneutics. The critic's intense and passionate questioning of one's temporal facticity forms the basis of a practical form of criticism. Darwinian literary criticism also presupposes what it means to be human is to share a universal, evolved human nature that includes an “instinctive tendency to acquire an art,” or language. Practically speaking, an innovative fusion of Darwinian literary criticism, or biopoetics, with Heideggerian hermeneutics is appropriate because both perspectives acknowledge a primordial understanding as the basis for all interpretation. Further, from both perspectives, the question is not simply whether narrative structures inform and influence human experience, but the degree to which narratives are specifically designed to transmit information and knowledge about the precarious human condition.
Partial Evidence: An Enquiry Concerning a Possible Affinity Between Literary Moral Cognitivism and Moral Pluralism
Authors: Shum Peter 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper begins by affirming the view that if there is a debate to be had over whether literature can convey moral knowledge, then efforts by proponents to substantiate this claim will already be necessarily conditioned by an understanding of what morality consists in, independently of literature. This observation brings to light a certain danger for the debate, namely that if participants fail to explicitly specify the ethical theory that they rely on, then the debate can seem nebulous. This raises a new question: is there an account of morality, independent of literature, which is most conducive to literary moral cognitivism, that is, which optimises literary moral cognitivism's chances of succeeding philosophically? This paper both formulates and investigates this hypothesis with reference to moral pluralism, the view that there is an irreducible plurality of foundational moral principles. It concludes that such an affinity exists, but with an important caveat: the affinity is stronger at the level of moral suggestion than the level of moral justification. This has implications for the strength of the version of literary moral cognitivism that it is ultimately plausible to endorse from a moral pluralist point of view.
The Great War through Women's Eyes
Authors: Moravec Michelle , Bolton Elizabeth , Hawkins Kyah , Heggan Sabrina , Rao Jeel , Smalley Hope 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
How did women serving in World War I frame their encounters with mortality? While the sacrificial mother and the homefront sweetheart are familiar figures from the Great War, tens of thousands of American women who served overseas are left out of gendered depictions of sacrifice and loss. Although these valiant women willingly faced the dangers war brought, how they understood these experiences after the fact is less clear. An underutilized source, their wartime scrapbooks, provides insight into their responses. This article, the results of an honors undergraduate student project at Rosemont College, focuses on visual narratives of wartime nurses, two with Pennsylvania connections and one from New York, as examples of women's efforts to record histories of a war from which they are too often excluded.