bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documenting Trends in Land‐Use Characteristics and Environmental Stewardship Programs on US Golf Courses
Authors: Gelernter Wendy D. , Stowell Larry J. , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D. 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
A survey of land‐use characteristics and environmental stewardship programs on US golf courses was conducted in 2015 as a follow‐up to an initial, 2005, study.
There were significant acreage reductions in maintained turf, as well as in overseeded and irrigated turf.
Trends in decreased acreage came about primarily through a combination of voluntary reductions in acreage and a net decrease in the number of golf facilities in the USA.
Variations in land‐use allocations occurred regionally, as well as for public compared with private facilities and 9‐hole compared with 18‐hole facilities, suggesting that climate, economics, and even real estate values are involved in these decisions.
Since an initial survey that documented land‐use characteristics and environmental stewardship programs for 2005, the acreage for an average 18‐hole golf facility has changed little, with a median acreage of 151 acres in 2005 and 150 acres in 2015. In contrast, the acreage of maintained turf on 18‐hole facilities has decreased significantly during that same period, from 99.2 acres (or 66% of 18‐hole facility acreage) to 95.1 acres (or 63% of 18‐hole facility). Natural or native vegetation comprises approximately 17% of 18‐hole facility acreage, while the remaining acreage is composed of water features (4.2%), buildings, (1.5%), bunkers (1.6%), and parking lots (1.6%). The acreage of winter overseeded turf in the Transition, Southwest and Southeast regions has decreased by 49% since 2005. Trends in turf‐type use have varied only slightly since 2005, with bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) making up 34% of all US acreage, followed by Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (23%) and annual bluegrass (P annua L.) (11%). The observed reductions in golf course facility and maintained turf acreage since 2005 were the result of an interaction between a net decrease in the number of facilities in the United States and voluntary reductions in the size of facility features. The most commonly cited reasons cited for turf reductions included cutting the costs for water and labor, but also for fertilizers, pesticides, and energy.
THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN BORDER IN THE UPPER OB-IRTYSH AREA IN APPRAISALS OF SCIENTISTS AND TRAVELERS OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Bobrov D. S. 
Published: March 2017

The article represents the experience of distinguishing and reconstruction of the views of scientists and travelers of the XVIII century on the formation of the Russian border in the Upper Ob-Irtysh area. The emergence of the historical and geographical images is considered as a direct consequence of the lack of delimited and demarcated border between the Russian Empire and the Dzungar Khanate, and then the Qing Empire. The source basis of the publication is composed by writings of significant for the history of region scientific figures: G. F. Miller, G. V. Gennin, I. P. Falk, P. S. Pallas. The study was methodologically grounded by the "close up" method. Research statements are analyzed in detail in the context of the scientists’ targets, attracted sources and circumstances of the implementation of the expeditions. The author identifies the ideologies with predominance of archetypal ideas, pays special attention to P. S. Pallas’s concept of "natural border" and his observations on the mode of functioning of the state borders, finally coming to the conclusion about fragmentariness, eclecticism and multivariatness of historical and geographical images of the Russian border.
PRESCHOOL TRAINING EXPERIENCE OF CHILDREN BY THE EXAMPLE OF “MY WORLD” PROGRAMME
Authors: Kolmogorova L. S. , Balabekyan E. S. 
Published: March 2017

The analysis of children’s preparedness for studying at school indicates the problems in preschool training organization. In spite of numerous investigations the effectiveness of different preschool children training forms is not discovered yet. On the basis of teaching experts’ experience and present preschool training programmes the conception of preschool training was developed by the authors’ group which included L. S. Kolmogorova, L. A. Nikitina, L. I. Shvarko, O. I. Davydova, O. R. Meremyanina. On the basis of this conception the programme “My World” oriented on preschool training of children aged from 5,5 – 6 was developed. Since the aim was to balance the starting opportunities for children from different social levels, it became necessary to check the effectiveness of the educational-methodical complete set “My World”. To solve this problem the experimental investigation was held in 2011 – 2016 on the basis of the groups for pre-school training of Barnaul and Novosibirsk schools and Children’s Educational Institutions. In the investigation theoretical (the analysis of the bibliography) and empirical (the testing, question-and-answer discussion, investigation of the activity) methods were used. The results of the experimental investigation show the increase of the children’s preparedness for school. This confirms the effectiveness of the preschool training programme “My world” during the activity of the elder pre-school children.
DYNAMICS OF THE COSTUME IN CHEKHOV'S PROSE
Authors: Abieva N. M. 
Published: March 2017

The article is addressed to the poetics of costume in Chekhov's prose. This aspect of prose has not been studied and gives material for research, which adds relevance to the article. The author shows how in anecdotal plots the costume is represented as a characterological ("Once a year"), "metaphysical" ("The Station") and psychologically stressed detail ("Man"). Dynamics of the costume is indicated by a change in its semantics and functions. The romantic shawl in "The disgraceful story (something like a novel)" encompasses a coiled story about the peril of a "bookish" concept of life. The metamorphoses of the characters changing their clothes turn an archetypal plot upside down ("Living Goods"). Intertextuality item allows you to turn the story into a parody ("Green Spit"). In Chekhov's later prose a complication of costume features can be observed: in the novel "My Life" the costume, while existing in a tangle complex of the visual, the acoustic, the tactile and the olfactory, traces the story in the interplay of text overtones.
«THE NAMING DICTIONARY OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE»: RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Zamilova A. V. , Satuchina T. U. 
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the concept, project and originality of the new type of onomasiological naming dictionary formation. There are a number of psycholinguistic studies on the basis of the Naming Dictionary articles. The results of these studies show linguomarketing potential of the words-bionyms and their real function in company names, peculiarities of the native speaker linguistic consciousness, correlation lexicographic and “psychologically real” meaning of the word and peculiarities of the linguistic sign variation. The Naming Russian Dictionary reflects the knowledge about words in fundamentally new dimension: not according to the prescriptive function (in the current dictionary it is kept to the minimum) but in terms of the native speakers’ idea about word semantics and its reference with reality. An additional point is that the dictionary is made on the basis of the linguistic experiment. It provides not only enlargement of current linguistic studies in the sphere of the linguomarketology but it allows one to study an ordinary linguistic consciousness of native speakers of the Russian language.
SELF-EQUALITY AS A STRATEGY OF SPONTANEOUS TEXT GENERATION
Authors: Moskaltchuk G. G. 
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the results of the psycholinguistic experiment which prove the influence of the self-equality strategy in the process of spontaneous reaction text generation as a reaction on the stimulus “human life”. The materials have been analyzed with the help of a special computer program which marks the reaction texts parameters: text size in words (from space to space) and in sentences as well as the text formula reflecting the finite integral state of the whole. It has been found out that the self-equality as the principle of structuring speech forming activity is also used when producing reaction texts. The form reflects the hidden laws of the text synergetics and its synchronization with the speech-thought processes of the human acting with lack of time, it shows the hidden laws of the text formation. The probability of the realization of the 7 dominant models of the text form in the experiment is 824 texts of 1 thousand, in the directed one – 705 texts. The text formats reflect the discretization of the inner textual information. The average text size in the free experiment is 27.82 words, in sentences – 2.64, in the directed experiment – 12.34 and 6.79 sentences correspondingly. The reaction texts set on one page are formed by the tested according to a selected pattern and have hardly any stylistic, graphic and punctuation difference. The forms generated in the process of experiment are more end-oriented with attractors located in the end alongside with the dominant sense.
SCIENTISTS AND TRAVELERS ABOUT BIYSK IN THE 19th – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY
Authors: Degtyarev D. S. 
Published: March 2017

Biysk, being the second town of Altai of its size, attracted many scientists and travelers. They created colorful and unforgettable images of the town in the XIX – the beginning of XX century. 14 descriptions produced by 12 authors in 1810 – 1917 were analyzed to establish if the image corresponded with reality. There were rather different descriptions ranging from official geographical reviews to emotional lines of travel diaries. A comparative analysis allowed us to conclude that those images of Biysk were real in their description of dirty streets adjoining beautiful churches and comfortable fashionable hotels. Still, subjective factor influenced to the images of Biysk as well. Readers in the XIX century could trace all changes of the life of the town – from a fortress on the boarder to a small trade town (where inhabitants hadn’t got even a sundial) and then to the important economic and cultural center of the region – “the window to Europe” for Mongolia”. The image of the town gradually changed from negative to neutral and positive. It was determined by real economic and cultural development of Biysk. The result of this exploration allows one to define the way a Russian regional town was represented in informational area of the country in XIX – the beginning of XX century.
P. SABANSKY'S CAMPAIGNS TO TELETSKOYE LAKE AND F. PUSHCHIN’S CAMPAIGNS TO THE BIYA RIVER: TIME, REASONS, CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Dobzhanskii V. N. 
Published: March 2017

The campaigns of Tomsk service people F. Pushchin and P. Sabansky to the river Biya and Teletskoe Lake are well known to Siberian historians. The historiography of these campaigns is poor and limited to the works of G. F. Miller, I. E. Fisher and A. P. Umansky. The source base these researchers relied on is poor as well. Until recently it was limited to the four documents of the "Tomsk archives", three of which were published by A. I. Andreev in the annex to the "History of Siberia" by G. F. Miller. Until recently the interpretation of these campaigns by I. Fisher and A. P. Umansky were beyond doubt. However, a comparative analysis of the documents, which the researchers used to describe the campaigns of F. Pushchin and P. Sabansky, showed their contradictions and incorrect dating, also the reasons for these campaigns were unknown. In the collection of the Siberian order of The Russian State Archives Ancient Acts we discovered a statement about the campaign of P. Sabansky on Teletskoe Lake which settles these differences and makes it possible to set the exact time, the causes and the sequence of the campaigns.
ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN SURGEONS IN THE COURSE OF ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL AID IN THE TASHKENT DISTRICT OF TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Tsyryapkina Yu. N. 
Published: March 2017

The paper characterizes the process of creation of medical infrastructure and first aid system to immigrant and indigenous people in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century by the imperial authorities. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the medical condition in the second half of the XIX – early the XX century in Turkistan, types and amount of medical care, which was provided to the indigenous population of the region, by studying biographical and source materials. The paper draws attention to the fact that initial medical assistance to the immigrant population and then the indigenous dwellers of the region were provided by surgeons who settled mainly in Tashkent and the major cities of Turkestan. I. P. Sheverdin was one of the first surgeons who founded the rural hospital in remote place of Tashkent district – village Tillyau in 1899 – 1903, whose asceticism and dedication the inhabitants of this village still remember. It is shown that medical services in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the pre-revolutionary period developed slowly, which corresponds to the first stage of initiation of the indigenous population of the region to the modern achievements of medicine.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ALLOCATION UNIVESAL COMPETENCES, FORMED IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Andronnikova O. O. , Bezzubova N. S. 
Published: March 2017

The article features problems of modernization of Russian education and proposed solutions to problems and offers solutions. It offers possible direction of education system development and analysis of existing methodological approaches to the concept of "universal competence". It focuses on the concept of "competence" and "universal competence" in the system of modern education. The technology of formation of universal competencies through educational activities is described, together with experience in the implementation of educational activities in higher education institutions aimed at competence approach. The article features generalized theoretical and empirical experience of higher education institutions to allocate a system of universal competence. We outline a set of core universal competencies required for successful professional and personal fulfillment of a specialist in the humanities, including Department of Psychology graduates. The basic components of the system of universal competence include personal characteristics and the ability to implement the acquired skills, knowledge and experience. The article offers a number of types of educational activities, in which universal competence can be formed. It was found that in the framework of the educational work at the university it is necessary to form the universal competence of the student, not only through training activities, but also through a system of different activities throughout the training period.
Identifying Medicinal Plant Leaves using Textures and Optimal Colour Spaces Channel
Authors: Arun C H , Christopher Durairaj D 
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an automated medicinal plant leaf identification system. The Colour Texture analysis of the leaves is done using the statistical, the Grey Tone Spatial Dependency Matrix(GTSDM) and the Local Binary Pattern(LBP) based features with 20 different colour spaces(RGB, XYZ, CMY, YIQ, YUV, $YC_{b}C_{r}$, YES, $U^{*}V^{*}W^{*}$, $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$, $L^{*}u^{*}v^{*}$, lms, $l\alpha\beta$, $I_{1} I_{2} I_{3}$, HSV, HSI, IHLS, IHS, TSL, LSLM and KLT). Classification of the medicinal plant is carried out with 70\% of the dataset in training set and 30\% in the test set. The classification performance is analysed with Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD), kNearest Neighbour(kNN), Support Vector Machines based on Radial basis function kernel(SVM-RBF), Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA) classifiers. Results of classification on a dataset of 250 leaf images belonging to five different species of plants show the identification rate of 98.7 \%. The results certainly show better identification due to the use of YUV, $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ and HSV colour spaces.
Treatment of vertical maxillary excess without open bite in a skeletal Class II hyperdivergent patient
Authors: Paik Cheol-Ho , Park Hong-Sik , Ahn Hyo-Won 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
A 20-year-old woman visited the office complaining of a gummy smile and lip protrusion. She was diagnosed with vertical maxillary excess without open bite and skeletal Class II hyperdivergent pattern. She refused the surgical-orthodontic treatment option, although she wanted to correct the gummy smile and retruded chin. Differential intrusion of anterior and posterior teeth in both arches was necessary to maximize the skeletal treatment effects. In the maxilla, one palatal temporary anchorage device (TAD), an archwire with an accentuated curve of Spee, and a transpalatal arch were applied. In the mandible, an archwire with a reverse curve of Spee and two vertically positioned TADs were used. These simple mechanics contributed to the effective intrusion of the total upper and lower arches, correction of the gummy smile, and mandibular counterclockwise rotation, offering an alternative to orthognathic surgery for this patient.
Dificuldades no aleitamento materno em crianças com fissura de lábio e/ou palato
Authors: Santos Adriana Selma Carneiro Miranda dos , Queiroz Jessica Thamilles Souza , Souza Michelly Sodré Pereira de , Coelho Antonio Cláudio do Rego 
Published: March 2017

Esse artigo abordou a temática sobre as dificuldades no aleitamento materno em crianças com fissura de lábio e/ou palato. Tem como objetivo conhecer as dificuldades das mães de crianças portadoras de fissuras de lábio e/ou palato no aleitamento, enfatizando a valia do leite materno que tem fundamental relevância no crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança. Trata-se de uma revisão descritiva bibliográfica, utilizando a base de dados SCIELO, Revista CEFAC, Revista de Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Ophir Loyola e vários Systems Filem. Conclui- se que as dificuldades apresentadas pelas mães que vivenciam este problema afetam no sistema nutricional, emocional e intelectual da criança, podendo afetar o tratamento e a reabilitação da criança.Descritores: Aleitamento, Dificuldades, Fissura de Lábio e/ou Palato.Breastfeeding difficulties in children with cleft lip and/or palateAbstract: This article addressing the issue on breastfeeding difficulties in children with cleft lip and / or palate. Has as objective to know the difficulties of mothers of children with cleft lip and / or palate in breastfeeding, emphasizing the value of breast milk that has fundamental importance in the growth and development of children. This is a bibliographic descriptive review, using the database SCIELO, CEFAC journal, Journal of Health Sciences, Ophir Loyola Hospital and several Systems filem. It is concluded that the difficulties presented by mothers who experience this problem affect the nutritional system, emotional and intellectual child, which may affect the treatment and rehabilitation of child.Descriptors: Breastfeeding, Difficulties, Cleft Lip and/or Palate. Dificultades en la lactancia materna en los niños con labio y/o paladar hendidoResumen: En este artículo se ha abordado el tema de las dificultades en la lactancia materna en niños con labio y / o paladar hendido. Dicha investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer las dificultades de las madres de niños con labio y / o paladar hendido en la lactancia materna, haciendo hincapié en el valor de la leche materna que tiene una importancia fundamental en el crecimiento y en el desarrollo de los niños. Tratase de una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva, y se ha utilizado la base de datos SCIELO, CEFAC Revista, Revista de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Ophir Loyola y varios sistemas filem. Se concluyó que las dificultades presentadas por las madres que experimentan este problema afectan el sistema nutricional, emocional e intelectual del niño, lo cual puede afectar el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de los mismos.Descriptores: Lactancia, Dificultades, Labio Leporino y/o Paladar.
Experiências institucionalizadas: o espaço religioso e as leituras dos convertidos à Assembleia de Deus em Campina Grande - PB
Authors: Gama Monalisa Ribeiro 
Published: March 2017

Embora a conversão seja frequentemente conside-rada um processo individual, como gerador de mudanças no âmbito da visão de mundo do indivíduo e de suas afiliações, este processo ocorre em contextos institucionais permeados por relações sociais. Pensamos aqui a conversão à AD enquanto rito institucional através do qual o ator social incorpora um novo habitus religioso por meio das experiências adquiridas no processo de conversão. Assim como há lugares reservados no espaço social para práticas cotidianas como trabalho ou lazer, existe um lugar para buscar a salvação e este como os demais, possui uma estrutura para isso. A igreja neste sentido contribui para transformar a experiência de conversão numa série de disposições simbólicas vividas pelos sujeitos que se diferenciam neste espaço. Enquanto instituição, a Igreja funciona como espaço físico/simbólico dotado de sentidos. Seu poder regulador das condutas individuais exerce um papel de organizador da comunidade religiosa, promovendo um sentimento de pertença. Na vida cotidiana, nenhuma experiência de conversão é total, completa e perfeita. Diante das complexidades, ambiguidades e diversidades que marcam a experiência humana, a conversão religiosa é muito mais um objetivo buscado do que um produto final. Por isso ao entender a estrutura física da igreja entendemos ao mesmo tempo um modo possível de ser, sentir e agir dos de dentro que se sobrepõe a um modo de ser dos de fora da igreja, através dos diferentes pontos de vista que o espaço representa e reforça.
A RELATIONAL VIEW OF CONSCIENCE AND PHYSICIAN CONSCIENTIOUS ACTION
Authors: Baylis Françoise 
Published: March 2017

Abstract The dominant approach to conscience in contemporary bioethics presumes that conscience functions to promote personal moral integrity, and therefore presumes that the relevant values are inherently personal. This approach fails to demonstrate when and why claims of conscience should be taken seriously by others. I draw on Hannah Arendt’s deliberative model of conscience and Cheshire Calhoun’s social model of integrity to develop an alternative relational view of conscience—one that demonstrates that the relevant values are social as well as personal. I show how the goal of improving ethical practice over time constrains which conscience claims should be taken seriously by others.