bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrudate Swell of High Density Polyethylenes in Slit (Flat) Dies
Authors: Konaganti V. K. , Behzadfar E. , Ansari M. , Mitsoulis E. , Hatzikiriakos S. G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Extrudate swell of industrial-grade high-molecular mass high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) in flat/slit dies is studied using both experiments and simulations. The experimental set-up consists of an optical micrometer to measure the extrudate dimensions and a pair of radiation heaters to control the extrudate temperature outside the die attached to the capillary rheometer. The simulation of extrudate swell phenomenon is carried out by using a well-known integral K-BKZ model. The effects of several rheological characteristics, die characteristics, and processing conditions on swell measurements are studied systematically, and the corresponding two-dimensional, steady-state numerical predictions are presented in this paper. This study includes the effects of polymer molecular characteristics, apparent shear rate, die geometrical characteristics (length to die gap (L/H) and width to die gap (W/H)), and distance from the die exit. It is found that the integral K-BKZ model predicts well both the width and thickness extrudate swells. Extrudate swell measurements demonstrate that the thickness swell is predominant in comparison with width swell.
Validity and repeatability of goniometry in normal horses
Authors: Adair Henry , Levine David , Marcellin-Little Denis 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPurpose: To assess validity and inter- and intra-tester reliability of equine goniometry and to establish values for carpal, meta -carpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal flexion and extension in horses.Subjects: Seventeen healthy equine subjects of varied breeds were used.Methods: Three investigators blindly and independently measured in triplicate the extension and flexion of carpal, metacarpo -phalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints of 17 horses after sedation. Radiographs of these joints in flexion and extension were acquired while under sedation. Goniometric and radiographic measurements were compared statistically and were correlated. A Bland-Altman plot was constructed. Inter- and intra-tester repeatability of goniometry were evaluated by calculating intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean flexion and extension of carpal, metacarpo -phalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were calculated.Results: Goniometric and radiographic measurements did not differ statistically and were significantly correlated (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.59 - 0.89). The mean difference between goniometric and radiographic measurements was 0.4°. Triplicate measurements collected by the three raters did not differ significantly within raters (ICC ranging from 0.950 - 0.995) and between raters (ICC ranging from 0.942 - 0.989).Conclusion: Goniometry is a valid and repeatable tool for evaluation of the range of motion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints in standing, sedated healthy horses.
Plasticity to salinity and transgenerational effects in the nonnative shrub Baccharis halimifolia: Insights into an estuarine invasion
Authors: Caño Lidia , Fuertes‐Mendizabal Teresa , García‐Baquero Gonzalo , Herrera Mercedes , González‐Moro M. Begoña 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Abiotic constraints act as selection filters for plant invasion in stressful habitats. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational effects play a major role in colonization of heterogeneous habitats when the scale of environmental variation is smaller than that of gene flow. We investigated how plasticity and parental salinity conditions influence the performance of the invasive dioecious shrub Baccharis halimifolia, which replaces heterogeneous estuarine communities in Europe with monospecific and continuous stands.METHODS:In two greenhouse experiments, we grew plants derived from seeds and cuttings collected through interspersed patches differing in edaphic salinity from an invasive population. We estimated parental environmental salinity from leaf Na+ content in parental plants, and we measured fitness and ion homeostasis of the offspring grown in contrasting salinity conditions.KEY RESULTS:Baccharis halimifolia tolerates high salinity but experiences drastic biomass reduction at moderate salinity. At moderate salinity, responses to salinity are affected by the parental salinity: flowering initiation in seedlings and male cuttings is positively correlated with parental leaf Na+ content, and biomass is positively correlated with maternal leaf Na+ in female cuttings and seedlings. Plant height, leaf production, specific leaf area, and ionic homeostasis at the low part of the gradient are also affected by parental salinity, suggesting enhanced shoot growth as parental salinity increases.CONCLUSIONS:Our results support plasticity to salinity and transgenerational effects as factors with great potential to contribute to the invasive ability of B. halimifolia through estuarine communities of high conservation value.
Hiding in plain sight: Koshicola spirodelophila gen. et sp. nov. (Chaetopeltidales, Chlorophyceae), a novel green alga associated with the aquatic angiosperm Spirodela polyrhiza
Authors: Watanabe Shin , Fučíková Karolina , Lewis Louise A. , Lewis Paul O. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Discovery and morphological characterization of a novel epiphytic aquatic green alga increases our understanding of Chaetopeltidales, a poorly known order in Chlorophyceae. Chloroplast genomic data from this taxon reveals an unusual architecture previously unknown in green algae.METHODS:Using light and electron microscopy, we characterized the morphology and ultrastructure of a novel taxon of green algae. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and plastid genes were used to test the hypothesized membership of this taxon in order Chaetopeltidales. With next‐generation sequence data, we assembled the plastid genome of this novel taxon and compared its gene content and architecture to that of related species to further investigate plastid genome traits.KEY RESULTS:The morphology and ultrastructure of this alga are consistent with placement in Chaetopeltidales (Chlorophyceae), but a distinct trait combination supports recognition of this alga as a new genus and species—Koshicola spirodelophila gen. et sp. nov. Its placement in the phylogeny as a descendant of a deep division in the Chaetopeltidales is supported by analysis of molecular data sets. The chloroplast genome is among the largest reported in green algae and the genes are distributed on three large (rather than a single) chromosome, in contrast to other studied green algae.CONCLUSIONS:The discovery of Koshicola spirodelophila gen. et sp. nov. highlights the importance of investigating even commonplace habitats to explore new microalgal diversity. This work expands our understanding of the morphological and chloroplast genomic features of green algae, and in particular those of the poorly studied Chaetopeltidales.
POST-MAXIMUM NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA OF SN 2014J: A SEARCH FOR INTERACTION SIGNATURES*
Authors: Sand D. J. , Hsiao E. Y. , Banerjee D. P. K. , Marion G. H. , Diamond T. R. , Joshi V. , Parrent J. T. , Phillips M. M. , Stritzinger M. D. , Venkataraman V. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2014J. The 17 NIR spectra span epochs from +15.3 to +92.5 days after B-band maximum light, while the

JHK

s

photometry include epochs from −10 to +71 days. These data are used to constrain the progenitor system of SN 2014J utilizing the Paβ line, following recent suggestions that this phase period and the NIR in particular are excellent for constraining the amount of swept-up hydrogen-rich material associated with a non-degenerate companion star. We find no evidence for Paβ emission lines in our post-maximum spectra, with a rough hydrogen mass limit of

≲
0.1

M
⊙, which is consistent with previous limits in SN 2014J from late-time optical spectra of the Hα line. Nonetheless, the growing data set of high-quality NIR spectra holds the promise of very useful hydrogen constraints.
ENTROPY IN ADIABATIC REGIONS OF CONVECTION SIMULATIONS
Authors: Tanner Joel D. , Basu Sarbani , Demarque Pierre 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
One of the largest sources of uncertainty in stellar models is caused by the treatment of convection in stellar envelopes. One-dimensional stellar models often make use of the mixing length or equivalent approximations to describe convection, all of which depend on various free parameters. There have been attempts to rectify this by using 3D radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of stellar convection, and in trying to extract an equivalent mixing length from the simulations. In this Letter, we show that the entropy of the deeper, adiabatic layers in these simulations can be expressed as a simple function of

log
g

and

log

T

eff

, which holds potential for calibrating stellar models in a simple and more general manner.
AN ULTRA-FAST X-RAY DISK WIND IN THE NEUTRON STAR BINARY GX 340+0
Authors: Miller J. M. , Raymond J. , Cackett E. , Grinberg V. , Nowak M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a spectral analysis of a brief Chandra/HETG observation of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 340+0. The high-resolution spectrum reveals evidence of ionized absorption in the Fe K band. The strongest feature, an absorption line at approximately 6.9 keV, is required at the 5σ level of confidence via an F-test. Photoionization modeling with XSTAR grids suggests that the line is the most prominent part of a disk wind with an apparent outflow speed of v = 0.04c. This interpretation is preferred at the 4σ level over a scenario in which the line is H-like Fe xxvi at a modest redshift. The wind may achieve this speed owing to its relatively low ionization, enabling driving by radiation pressure on lines; in this sense, the wind in GX 340+0 may be the stellar-mass equivalent of the flows in broad absorption line quasars. If the gas has a unity volume filling factor, the mass ouflow rate in the wind is over 10−5
M
⊙ yr−1, and the kinetic power is nearly 1039 erg s−1 (or, 5–6 times the radiative Eddington limit for a neutron star). However, geometrical considerations—including a small volume filling factor and low covering factor—likely greatly reduce these values.
UPEC strain characterization isolated from Mexican patients with recurrent urinary infections
Authors: Morales-Espinosa Rosario , Hernandez-Castro Rigoberto , Delgado Gabriela , Mendez Jose Luis , Navarro Armando , Manjarrez Angel , Cravioto Alejandro 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Any microorganism is capable of causing urinary tract infections (UTI). However, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of UTI. A variety of virulence genes have been identified in UPEC. Diverse epidemiological studies support that specific subsets of genes are characteristic of each E. coli uropathogenic subtype involved in the development of cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urosepsis. Methodology: Twenty-three E. coli strains isolated from women with cystitis, 25 from men with prostatitis were characterized according to serotype, virulence genes, PFGE profile and susceptibility antimicrobials. Results: E. coli O25:H4–ST131 was more frequently isolated from cystitis than prostatitis. The majority of cystitis strains presented almost all the virulence genes, contrary to 60% of prostatitis strains. The strains characterized by serology, PFGE and MLST and virulence profile showed that cystitis strains shared a lineage with their own genomic fingerprint, indicating that these strains derived from a common ancestor. The prostatitis strains showed serotypes diverse and much higher degree of genetic diversity, indicating that they are an unrelated group. More than 50% of isolates were resistant to at least 7 of the antimicrobials tested. Antibiotic-tolerant cells were observed, presenting with more frequency in response chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfometoxazole and dicloxicillin. Conclusions: Persister cells can be detected from the beginning of the infection. The importance of these persister cells that exhibit multidrug tolerance is that a single surviving bacterium can initiate again an infection making it clinical relevant in the chronic urinary tract infection.
High hepatitis B seroprevalence and risk factors for infection in pregnant women on the Thailand-Myanmar Border
Authors: Banks Tristan , Kang Joy , Watts Isabella , Tyrosvoutis Mary Ellen G , Min Aung Myat , Tun Nay Win , Keereecharoen Lily , Simmawong Wiriya , Wanyatip Sunaree , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Nosten François , McGready Rose 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Infection from Hepatitis B primarily results from peri-partum vertical transmission and the risk increases in the presence of hepatitis B e antigen. We aimed to evaluate a new screening program for hepatitis B in pregnant women as a component of antenatal services in a marginalized population. Methodology: Counseling and screening for hepatitis B screening was offered to all women at the first visit, at Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) antenatal clinics on the Thai-Myanmar border. Point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) were used throughout the period of evaluation. A certified Thai Public Health laboratory at Mae Sot Hospital verified RDT positive cases using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HBsAb and HBeAg. Risk factors for hepatitis B were identified by data linkage to antenatal care records. Results: There were 523 (8.5%) RDT positive for HBsAg among 6158 women tested (Aug-2012 to April-2014). Of these 373 (96.9%) of 385 sent for confirmation were positive by ELISA i.e. RDT false positive rate of 3.1% (95% CI 1.7- 5.4). The overall confirmed HbsAg prevalence was 8.3% (511/6158) (95%CI 7.6-9.0). HBeAg prevalence was 32.7% (114/350) (95%CI 27.9-37.7) of cases tested. Risk factors for HBsAg positivity included age >25 years (OR 1.24, CI 1.03-1.49, p 0.021) and Karen heritage (OR 1.73, CI 1.39-2.15, p < 0.01). Conclusions: High hepatitis B seroprevalence amongst migrants and refugees accessing SMRU antenatal services likely reflects that of Kayin State, Myanmar, and perinatal prevention programs are required. False positive cases with HBsAg RDT complicate what is theoretically a straightforward screening.
The rise of the patent department : an example of the institutionalization of knowledge workers in the United States
Authors: Nishimura Shigehiro 
Published: April 2016

À la fin du XIX e siècle, sous la pression de l’accroissement considérable du nombre d’ingénieurs et d’inventions, la gestion des brevets, jusque-là très individualisée, devient progressivement une fonction de l’entreprise, assurée par les départements des brevets alors naissants. Cet article décrit, à travers l’exemple de la Westinghouse Electric Company, ce processus d’internalisation, d’institutionnalisation et d’organisation d’une pratique alors émergente mais aujourd’hui banale : la propriété intellectuelle d’entreprise.
History of patenting and IP management : the case of Japan
Authors: Granstrand Ove 
Published: April 2016

Cet article étudie ce qu’il est possible d’appeler une « culture du brevet » dans les grandes compagnies japonaises. Si ces entreprises ont longtemps développé des capacités de gestion des brevets sous l’impulsion américaine et dans une perspective de rattrapage de l’Occident, elles ont peu à peu cultivé leurs spécificités en matière de management de la propriété intellectuelle, au point que les firmes occidentales ont aujourd’hui, affirme l’auteur, beaucoup à apprendre d’elles. L’article se propose d’étudier les conditions historiques de l’émergence de cette culture du brevet, mais aussi d’en mettre en évidence les principales caractéristiques, en particulier en termes d’organisation et de ressources.
Chapitre 3. L’application d’un modèle intégré de partenariat-patient dans la formation des professionnels de la santé : vers un nouveau paradigme humaniste et éthique de co-construction des savoirs en santé
Authors: Flora Luigi , Berkesse Alexandre , Payot Antoine , Dumez Vincent , Karazivan Philippe 
Published: April 2016

Cet article présente le « Modèle de Montréal » , offre au patient, s’il le souhaite , de devenir patient partenaire pour l’ensemble des décisions qui le concernent. Nous assistons actuellement à des transformations majeures de nos sociétés occidentales. Les maladies chroniques touchent une proportion grandissante de la population, induisant une transition de la prépondérance de soins aigus à une prépondérance de soins chroniques. D’autres facteurs sociétaux tels que le consumérisme, l’individualisme, la démocratisation de l’information médicale (accélérée par l’avènement d’Internet) et la précarisation d’une partie grandissante des citoyens influencent cette évolution. Dans ce contexte, où la nature et l’envergure des besoins des patients et de leurs proches se modifient comme leurs attentes vis-à-vis des systèmes de santé. Une des voies prometteuses pour répondre à ces enjeux réside dans une participation accrue des patients dans leurs propres soins. Depuis 2010, un nouveau modèle relationnel, basé sur le partenariat de soins entre patients et professionnels de la santé, a été développé à partir de la faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal. Ce modèle s’appuie sur la reconnaissance des savoirs expérientiels du patient en complémentarité des savoirs scientifiques des professionnels de la santé. Il s’inscrit dans un continuum d’engagement et de participation des patients qui peut s’appliquer dans l’ensemble des milieux. Qu’il s’agisse de relation s singulières ou collectives en interdisciplinarité . Ce modèle est actuellement au Québec en cours d’implantation tant dans la formation des professionnels de la santé en milieux de soins, que dans l’enseignement et dans la recherche.
Le processus constituant et la Constitution tunisienne du 27 janvier 2014 : un modèle à suivre ?
Authors: Weichselbaum Geoffrey , Philippe Xavier 
Published: April 2016

Saluée internationalement comme la première Constitution démocratique adoptée après les printemps arabes de 2011, la Constitution tunisienne du 27 janvier 2014 est incontestablement considérée comme un succès. L’euphorie qui a gagné l’Assemblée nationale constituante (ANC) le soir de son adoption le 26 janvier 2014 après un vote à une majorité de 92 %, a effacé les mois de controverses, critiques, débats polarisants et houleux qui ont marqué ses travaux et la société tunisienne pendant près de deux ans. Elle représente une avancée remarquable dans l’espace Nord-Africain.
Le silence de la vulnérabilité en institution gériatrique
Authors: Leroux Martine 
Published: April 2016

Cet article s’intéresse au vécu de la vulnérabilité chez les personnes âgées en institution gériatrique. Les expressions « rester sans voix » et « faire silence » rendent compte, du point de vue phénoménologique, de l’épreuve que constitue la découverte de soi comme être vulnérable, parce que vieux, et de l’installation du sentiment de vulnérabilité. Le recours à la notion d’ambiance permet d’envisager la tonalité des « présences » – traduction du terme Dasein que préconise Binswanger – et d’interroger les facteurs d’ambiance dans les trois dimensions qui se conjuguent dans le silence vécu : spatialité, temporalité et altérité. Ces facteurs propres à l’institution sont-ils susceptibles de « mettre au silence » les résidents ?
Freedom to move: Arctic caterpillar (Lepidoptera) growth rate increases with access to new willows (Salicaceae)
Authors: Greyson-Gaito Christopher J. , Barbour Matthew A. , Rodriguez-Cabal Mariano A. , Crutsinger Gregory M. , Henry Gregory H.R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMovement between host plants during the growing season is a common behaviour among insect herbivores, although the mechanisms promoting these movements are poorly understood for many systems. Two possible reasons why insect herbivores relocate include compensating for host plant quantity and/or quality changes and the avoidance of natural enemies. The Arctic caterpillar (Gynaephora groenlandica(Wocke); Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) moves several metres each day, feeds on its patchily distributed host plant, Arctic willow (Salix arcticaPallas; Salicaceae), and has two main natural enemies, the parasitoidsExorista thulaWood (Diptera: Tachinidae) andHyposoter diechmanni(Nielsen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). We physically moved caterpillars between Arctic willows and restricted other caterpillar individuals each to a single willow throughout the active period of Arctic caterpillars. We found that growth rate, herbivory rate, and the proportion of available leaf fascicles eaten were higher for experimentally moved caterpillars. Parasitoid abundances were low and did not differ between experimentally moved and stationary caterpillars. Taken together, our study addresses the bottom–up and top–down controls on insect herbivore movement during the short duration of the growing season in the Arctic. Our results suggest that caterpillars are likely moving to new willow shrubs to access high quality resources.
Characterization of the Antigen Processing Machinery and Endogenous Peptide Presentation of a Bat MHC Class I Molecule
Authors: Wynne James W. , Woon Amanda P. , Dudek Nadine L. , Croft Nathan P. , Ng Justin H. J. , Baker Michelle L. , Wang Lin-Fa , Purcell Anthony W. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Bats are a major reservoir of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome–like coronaviruses, henipaviruses, and Ebola virus. Although highly pathogenic to their spillover hosts, bats harbor these viruses, and a large number of other viruses, with little or no clinical signs of disease. How bats asymptomatically coexist with these viruses is unknown. In particular, little is known about bat adaptive immunity, and the presence of functional MHC molecules is mostly inferred from recently described genomes. In this study, we used an affinity purification/mass spectrometry approach to demonstrate that a bat MHC class I molecule, Ptal-N*01:01, binds antigenic peptides and associates with peptide-loading complex components. We identified several bat MHC class I–binding partners, including calnexin, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase A3, tapasin, TAP1, and TAP2. Additionally, endogenous peptide ligands isolated from Ptal-N*01:01 displayed a relatively broad length distribution and an unusual preference for a C-terminal proline residue. Finally, we demonstrate that this preference for C-terminal proline residues was observed in Hendra virus–derived peptides presented by Ptal-N*01:01 on the surface of infected cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify endogenous and viral MHC class I ligands for any bat species and, as such, provides an important avenue for monitoring and development of vaccines against major bat-borne viruses both in the reservoir and spillover hosts. Additionally, it will provide a foundation to understand the role of adaptive immunity in bat antiviral responses.