bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where do community-dwelling older adults with disabilities live? Distribution of disability in the United States of America by household composition and housing type
Authors: HENNING-SMITH CARRIE 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThere is limited research on the living arrangements of older adults with disabilities, especially research that combines household composition and housing characteristics. This paper addresses that gap with two complementary sets of logistic regression models: first, estimating the odds of disability by household composition and housing type and, second, estimating the odds of disability by living arrangement within gender and age sub-groups. Data come from the 2012 American Community Survey (N = 504,371 respondents aged 65 and older), which includes six measures of disability: cognitive, ambulatory, independent living, self-care, vision and hearing. Living alone, with children or with others was associated with higher odds of any disability, compared with living with a spouse only. Compared to those living in a single-family home, living in a mobile home or other temporary structure, or large apartment building was associated with higher odds of disability. Having a disability was associated with lower rates of living with a spouse only, alone, in a single-family home or in a small or mid-sized apartment building and higher rates of all other living arrangements. Sub-group analyses revealed differences in the relationship between living arrangements and disability by gender and age group. This information provides a baseline from which to observe trends in living arrangements and disability for older adults in the United States of America.
An incremental sampling-based approach to inspection planning: the rapidly exploring random tree of trees
Authors: Bircher Andreas , Alexis Kostas , Schwesinger Ulrich , Omari Sammy , Burri Michael , Siegwart Roland 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYA new algorithm, called rapidly exploring random tree of trees (RRTOT) is proposed, that aims to address the challenge of planning for autonomous structural inspection. Given a representation of a structure, a visibility model of an onboard sensor, an initial robot configuration and constraints, RRTOT computes inspection paths that provide full coverage. Sampling based techniques and a meta-tree structure consisting of multiple RRT* trees are employed to find admissible paths with decreasing cost. Using this approach, RRTOT does not suffer from the limitations of strategies that separate the inspection path planning problem into that of finding the minimum set of observation points and only afterwards compute the best possible path among them. Analysis is provided on the capability of RRTOT to find admissible solutions that, in the limit case, approach the optimal one. The algorithm is evaluated in both simulation and experimental studies. An unmanned rotorcraft equipped with a vision sensor was utilized as the experimental platform and validation of the achieved inspection properties was performed using3Dreconstruction techniques.
An improved lower bound for arithmetic regularity
Authors: HOSSEINI KAAVE , LOVETT SHACHAR , MOSHKOVITZ GUY , SHAPIRA ASAF 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe arithmetic regularity lemma due to Green [GAFA 2005] is an analogue of the famous Szemerédi regularity lemma in graph theory. It shows that for any abelian group G and any bounded function f : G → [0, 1], there exists a subgroup H ⩽ G of bounded index such that, when restricted to most cosets of H, the function f is pseudorandom in the sense that all its nontrivial Fourier coefficients are small. Quantitatively, if one wishes to obtain that for 1 − ε fraction of the cosets, the nontrivial Fourier coefficients are bounded by ε, then Green shows that |G/H| is bounded by a tower of twos of height 1/ε3. He also gives an example showing that a tower of height Ω(log 1/ε) is necessary. Here, we give an improved example, showing that a tower of height Ω(1/ε) is necessary.
Nutritional status of children <5 years of age who have a working mother: an epidemiological perspective of diarrhoeal children in urban Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Farzana , Das Jui , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Malek Mohammad Abdul , Das Sumon Kumar , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ma Enbo , Wagatsuma Yukiko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present analysis aimed to observe nutritional impacts among children <5 years of age by mother’s engagement in paid employment.DesignBetween 1996 and 2012, 21 443 children <5 years of age with diarrhoea attended the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka Hospital. They were enrolled in the hospital-based Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance System and their relevant information was extracted from the electronic database.SettingThe icddr,b, Bangladesh.SubjectsThe analytic sample was 19 597 children aged <5 years who had a mother aged ≤35 years with or without engagement in paid employment.ResultsEleven per cent of the mothers (n 2051) were currently engaged in paid employment on behalf of the family. Univariate analysis showed that children with mothers engaged in paid employment had a 1·14 times higher risk of being undernourished, a 1·20 times of higher risk of being stunted, a 1·21 times higher risk of being wasted and a 1·31 times higher risk of being underweight (risk ratios) than were children with mothers not likewise engaged. Multivariate analysis showed that such associations remained significant for stunting (1·08; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·16), wasting (1·15; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·25) and underweight (1·09; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·17) after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsMothers’ engagement in income-generating employment was associated with undernutrition in children <5 years of age in urban Bangladesh.
A transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention in a secondary-care mental health service
Authors: Garner Emily , Gillmore Chris , Lomax Claire 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDue to the growing evidence base supporting the hypothesis of common processes across different mental health problems, transdiagnostic interventions are receiving increased research attention. Transdiagnostic approaches have the potential to produce better outcomes, to reduce waiting times and to increase cost-effectiveness in stretched mental health services. Research into transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in group format has demonstrated positive results in participants with anxiety disorders, with some studies extending the inclusion criteria to secondary and comorbid symptoms. This study evaluates a transdiagnostic CBT-based intervention, delivered by a secondary-care mental health team and includes participants with a range of diagnoses typical of this population. The real-world setting and lack of exclusion criteria based upon diagnosis provides an ecologically valid evaluation of a transdiagnostic CBT-based intervention. The results suggest that the intervention was associated with reductions in self-reported symptomatology and improvements in social functioning of individuals who attended in a secondary-care mental health service.
Occurrence and prognostic significance of cytogenetic evolution in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Binder M , Rajkumar S V , Ketterling R P , Dispenzieri A , Lacy M Q , Gertz M A , Buadi F K , Hayman S R , Hwa Y L , Zeldenrust S R , Lust J A , Russell S J , Leung N , Kapoor P , Go R S , Gonsalves W I , Kyle R A , Kumar S K 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCytogenetic evaluation at the time of diagnosis is essential for risk stratification in multiple myeloma, however little is known about the occurrence and prognostic significance of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up. We studied 989 patients with multiple myeloma, including 304 patients with at least two cytogenetic evaluations. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess the associations between the parameters of interest and cytogenetic evolution as well as overall survival. The prognostic significance of baseline cytogenetic abnormalities was most pronounced at the time of diagnosis and attenuated over time. In the patients with serial cytogenetic evaluations, the presence oft(11;14) at the time of diagnosis was associated with decreased odds of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up (odds ratio (OR)=0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09–0.56,P=0.001), while the presence of at least one trisomy or tetrasomy was associated with increased odds (OR=2.96, 95% CI=1.37–6.42,P=0.006). The development of additional abnormalities during the 3 years following diagnosis was associated with increased subsequent mortality (hazard ratio=3.31, 95% CI=1.73–6.30,P<0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of the underlying clonal disease process for risk assessment and suggest that selected patients may benefit from repeated risk stratification.
Engineering microbial consortia for controllable outputs
Authors: Lindemann Stephen R , Bernstein Hans C , Song Hyun-Seob , Fredrickson Jim K , Fields Matthew W , Shou Wenying , Johnson David R , Beliaev Alexander S 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Much research has been invested into engineering microorganisms to perform desired biotransformations; nonetheless, these efforts frequently fall short of expected results due to the unforeseen effects of biofeedback regulation and functional incompatibility. In nature, metabolic function is compartmentalized into diverse organisms assembled into robust consortia, in which the division of labor is thought to lead to increased community efficiency and productivity. Here we consider whether and how consortia can be designed to perform bioprocesses of interest beyond the metabolic flexibility limitations of a single organism. Advances in post-genomic analysis of microbial consortia and application of high-resolution global measurements now offer the promise of systems-level understanding of how microbial consortia adapt to changes in environmental variables and inputs of carbon and energy. We argue that, when combined with appropriate modeling frameworks, systems-level knowledge can markedly improve our ability to predict the fate and functioning of consortia. Here we articulate our collective perspective on the current and future state of microbial community engineering and control while placing specific emphasis on ecological principles that promote control over community function and emergent properties.
Organic semiconductor heterojunctions: electrode-independent charge injectors for high-performance organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Yong-Hua , Ma Dong-Ge , Sun Heng-Da , Chen Jiang-Shan , Guo Qing-Xun , Wang Qiang , Zhao Yong-Biao 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are driven by injected charges from an anode and a cathode. The low and high work function metals are necessary for the effective injection of electrons and holes, respectively. Here, we introduce a fully novel design concept using organic semiconductor heterojunctions (OSHJs) as the charge injectors for achieving highly efficient OLEDs, regardless of the work functions of the electrodes. In contrast to traditional injected charges from the electrodes, the injected charges originate from the OSHJs. The device performance was shown to be significantly improved in efficiency and stability compared to conventional OLEDs. Attractively, the OLEDs based on OSHJs as charge injectors still exhibited an impressive performance when the low work function Al was replaced by air- and chemistry-stable high work function metals, such as Au, Ag, and Cu, as the cathode contact, which has been suggested to be difficult in conventional OLEDs. This concept challenges the conventional design approach for the injection of charges and allows for the realization of practical applications of OLEDs with respect to high efficiency, selectable electrodes, and a long lifetime.
Surface Landau levels and spin states in bismuth (111) ultrathin films
Authors: Du Hongjian , Sun Xia , Liu Xiaogang , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Jufeng , Tian Mingyang , Zhao Aidi , Luo Yi , Yang Jinlong , Wang Bing , Hou J. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe development of next-generation electronics is much dependent on the discovery of materials with exceptional surface-state spin and valley properties. Because of that, bismuth has attracted a renewed interest in recent years. However, despite extensive studies, the intrinsic electronic transport properties of Bi surfaces are largely undetermined due to the strong interference from the bulk. Here we report the unambiguous determination of the surface-state Landau levels in Bi (111) ultrathin films using scanning tunnelling microscopy under magnetic fields perpendicular to the surface. The Landau levels of the electron-like and the hole-like carriers are accurately characterized and well described by the band structure of the Bi (111) surface from density functional theory calculations. Some specific surface spin states with a large g-factor are identified. Our findings shed light on the exploiting surface-state properties of Bi for their applications in spintronics and valleytronics.
A subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex is required for interspecific gametophyte recognition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Müller Lena M. , Lindner Heike , Pires Nuno D. , Gagliardini Valeria , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpecies-specific gamete recognition is a key premise to ensure reproductive success and the maintenance of species boundaries. During plant pollen tube (PT) reception, gametophyte interactions likely allow the species-specific recognition of signals from the PT (male gametophyte) by the embryo sac (female gametophyte), resulting in PT rupture, sperm release, and double fertilization. This process is impaired in interspecific crosses betweenArabidopsis thalianaand related species, leading to PT overgrowth and a failure to deliver the sperm cells. Here we show thatARTUMES(ARU) specifically regulates the recognition of interspecific PTs inA. thaliana.ARU, identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), exclusively influences interspecific—but not intraspecific—gametophyte interactions.ARUencodes the OST3/6 subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex conferring proteinN-glycosylation. Our results suggest that glycosylation patterns of cell surface proteins may represent an important mechanism of gametophyte recognition and thus speciation.
Structural basis for selective recognition of acyl chains by the membrane-associated acyltransferase PatA
Authors: Albesa-Jové David , Svetlíková Zuzana , Tersa Montse , Sancho-Vaello Enea , Carreras-González Ana , Bonnet Pascal , Arrasate Pedro , Eguskiza Ander , Angala Shiva K. , Cifuente Javier O. , Korduláková Jana , Jackson Mary , Mikušová Katarína , Guerin Marcelo E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe biosynthesis of phospholipids and glycolipids are critical pathways for virtually all cell membranes. PatA is an essential membrane associated acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of mycobacterial phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs). The enzyme transfers a palmitoyl moiety from palmitoyl–CoA to the 6-position of the mannose ring linked to 2-position of inositol in PIM1/PIM2. We report here the crystal structures of PatA from Mycobacterium smegmatis in the presence of its naturally occurring acyl donor palmitate and a nonhydrolyzable palmitoyl–CoA analog. The structures reveal an α/β architecture, with the acyl chain deeply buried into a hydrophobic pocket that runs perpendicular to a long groove where the active site is located. Enzyme catalysis is mediated by an unprecedented charge relay system, which markedly diverges from the canonical HX4D motif. Our studies establish the mechanistic basis of substrate/membrane recognition and catalysis for an important family of acyltransferases, providing exciting possibilities for inhibitor design.
αv Integrins combine with LC3 and atg5 to regulate Toll-like receptor signalling in B cells
Authors: Acharya Mridu , Sokolovska Anna , Tam Jenny M. , Conway Kara L. , Stefani Caroline , Raso Fiona , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Feliu Marianela , Paul Elahna , Savill John , Hynes Richard O. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Vyas Jatin M. , Stuart Lynda M. , Lacy-Hulbert Adam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntegrin signalling triggers cytoskeletal rearrangements, including endocytosis and exocytosis of integrins and other membrane proteins. In addition to recycling integrins, this trafficking can also regulate intracellular signalling pathways. Here we describe a role for αv integrins in regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling by modulating intracellular trafficking. We show that deletion of αv or β3 causes increased B-cell responses to TLR stimulation in vitro, and αv-conditional knockout mice have elevated antibody responses to TLR-ligand-associated antigens. αv regulates TLR signalling by promoting recruitment of the autophagy component LC3 (microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3) to TLR-containing endosomes, which is essential for progression from NF-κB to IRF signalling, and ultimately for traffic to lysosomes where signalling is terminated. Disruption of LC3 recruitment leads to prolonged NF-κB signalling and increased B-cell proliferation and antibody production. This work identifies a previously unrecognized role for αv and the autophagy components LC3 and atg5 in regulating TLR signalling and B-cell immunity.
IL-17-producing γδ T cells enhance bone regeneration
Authors: Ono Takehito , Okamoto Kazuo , Nakashima Tomoki , Nitta Takeshi , Hori Shohei , Iwakura Yoichiro , Takayanagi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractImmune responses are crucial not only for host defence against pathogens but also for tissue maintenance and repair after injury. Lymphocytes are involved in the healing process after tissue injury, including bone fracture and muscle damage. However, the specific immune cell subsets and mediators of healing are not entirely clear. Here we show that γδ T cells produce IL-17A, which promotes bone formation and facilitates bone fracture healing. Repair is impaired in IL-17A-deficient mice due to a defect in osteoblastic bone formation. IL-17A accelerates bone formation by stimulating the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. This study identifies a novel role for IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skeletal tissue regeneration.
A three-dimensional actuated origami-inspired transformable metamaterial with multiple degrees of freedom
Authors: Overvelde Johannes T.B. , de Jong Twan A. , Shevchenko Yanina , Becerra Sergio A. , Whitesides George M. , Weaver James C. , Hoberman Chuck , Bertoldi Katia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReconfigurable devices, whose shape can be drastically altered, are central to expandable shelters, deployable space structures, reversible encapsulation systems and medical tools and robots. All these applications require structures whose shape can be actively controlled, both for deployment and to conform to the surrounding environment. While most current reconfigurable designs are application specific, here we present a mechanical metamaterial with tunable shape, volume and stiffness. Our approach exploits a simple modular origami-like design consisting of rigid faces and hinges, which are connected to form a periodic structure consisting of extruded cubes. We show both analytically and experimentally that the transformable metamaterial has three degrees of freedom, which can be actively deformed into numerous specific shapes through embedded actuation. The proposed metamaterial can be used to realize transformable structures with arbitrary architectures, highlighting a robust strategy for the design of reconfigurable devices over a wide range of length scales.
Hexose enhances oligonucleotide delivery and exon skipping in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice
Authors: Han Gang , Gu Ben , Cao Limin , Gao Xianjun , Wang Qingsong , Seow Yiqi , Zhang Ning , Wood Matthew J. A. , Yin HaiFang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCarbohydrate-based infusion solutions are widely used in the clinic. Here we show that co-administration of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) with glucose enhances exon-skipping activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)mdxmice. We identify a glucose–fructose (GF) formulation that potentiates PMO activity, completely corrects aberrantDmdtranscripts, restores dystrophin levels in skeletal muscles and achieves functional rescue without detectable toxicity. This activity is attributed to enhancement of GF-mediated PMO uptake in the muscle. We demonstrate that PMO cellular uptake is energy dependent, and that ATP from GF metabolism contributes to enhanced cellular uptake of PMO in the muscle. Collectively, we show that GF potentiates PMO activity by replenishing cellular energy stores under energy-deficient conditions inmdxmice. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into hexose-mediated oligonucleotide delivery and have important implications for the development of DMD exon-skipping therapy.
Thermal selectivity of intermolecular versus intramolecular reactions on surfaces
Authors: Cirera Borja , Giménez-Agulló Nelson , Björk Jonas , Martínez-Peña Francisco , Martin-Jimenez Alberto , Rodriguez-Fernandez Jonathan , Pizarro Ana M. , Otero Roberto , Gallego José M. , Ballester Pablo , Galan-Mascaros José R. , Ecija David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOn-surface synthesis is a promising strategy for engineering heteroatomic covalent nanoarchitectures with prospects in electronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Here we report the thermal tunability of reaction pathways of a molecular precursor in order to select intramolecular versus intermolecular reactions, yielding monomeric or polymeric phthalocyanine derivatives, respectively. Deposition of tetra-aza-porphyrin species bearing ethyl termini on Au(111) held at room temperature results in a close-packed assembly. Upon annealing from room temperature to 275 °C, the molecular precursors undergo a series of covalent reactions via their ethyl termini, giving rise to phthalocyanine tapes. However, deposition of the tetra-aza-porphyrin derivatives on Au(111) held at 300 °C results in the formation and self-assembly of monomeric phthalocyanines. A systematic scanning tunnelling microscopy study of reaction intermediates, combined with density functional calculations, suggests a [2+2] cycloaddition as responsible for the initial linkage between molecular precursors, whereas the monomeric reaction is rationalized as an electrocyclic ring closure.