bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene oxide surface blocking agents can increase the DNA biosensor sensitivity
Authors: Liu Biwu , Huang Po‐Jung Jimmy , Kelly Erin Y. , Liu Juewen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGraphene oxide adsorbs single‐strand fluorescent probe DNA, and the adsorbed probe can be desorbed by adding the complementary target DNA. Using this method, many biosensor studies have been carried out. We recently proposed a two‐step mechanism for this sensing reaction: non‐specific probe displacement followed by hybridization in the solution. Only about one out of six added target DNA is hybridized with the adsorbed probe to generate signal, leading to relatively low sensitivity. In this work, we aim to test whether surface blocking agents can minimize non‐specific target adsorption and increase hybridization efficiency. Over ten blocking agents (polymers, surfactants, and DNA) were screened based on their effect on probe DNA adsorption and target DNA induced probe desorption. DNA oligonucleotides show significant and controllable enhancement in sensor sensitivity. The effect of DNA length and sequence was systematically investigated. Under optimized conditions, the sensor sensitivity was enhanced by nearly 10‐fold. Using the same blocking method, sensitivity enhancement of other targets was also achieved, including adenosine and Hg2+ with DNA aptamer probes. This reported surface blocking strategy can generally improve graphene oxide and potentially other surface adsorption based biosensors for metal ions, small molecules, and DNA.
Engineering of bacterial exotoxins for highly efficient and receptor‐specific intracellular delivery of diverse cargos
Authors: Ryou Jeong‐Hyun , Sohn Yoo‐Kyoung , Hwang Da‐Eun , Park Woo‐Yong , Kim Nury , Heo Won‐Do , Kim Mi‐Young , Kim Hak‐Sung 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe intracellular delivery of proteins with high efficiency in a receptor‐specific manner is of great significance in molecular medicine and biotechnology, but remains a challenge. Herein, we present the development of a highly efficient and receptor‐specific delivery platform for protein cargos by combining the receptor binding domain of Escherichia coli Shiga‐like toxin and the translocation domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. We demonstrated the utility and efficiency of the delivery platform by showing a cytosolic delivery of diverse proteins both in vitro and in vivo in a receptor‐specific manner. In particular, the delivery system was shown to be effective for targeting an intracellular protein and consequently suppressing the tumor growth in xenograft mice. The present platform can be widely used for intracellular delivery of diverse functional macromolecules with high efficiency in a receptor‐specific manner. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1639–1646. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying competition‐based learning to agile software engineering
Authors: Çulha Davut 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTSoftware engineering means applying engineering principles to software development. In the same way, agile software engineering means applying agile approaches to software engineering. Software engineering courses try to teach software development life cycle using project‐based approaches. Also, they endeavor to include real life issues of software engineering to the courses. Moreover, they struggle to teach teamwork in software development because it is a requirement of the real life software development. In robotics education, competition‐based learning is efficiently used for years. Competitions can be organized in teams and real‐world issues can be simulated with them. In this work, a competition‐based learning approach is applied in an agile software engineering course to increase the efficiency of teaching software engineering, and the results of the approach are presented. Real‐world issues of agile software development are simulated using competition‐based setting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:382–387, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21716
A review of hair product use on breast cancer risk in African American women
Authors: Stiel Laura , Adkins‐Jackson Paris B. , Clark Phyllis , Mitchell Eudora , Montgomery Susanne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe incidence rate of breast cancer for African American women has recently converged with that of non‐Hispanic White women in the United States, although African Americans have a higher mortality rate due to this disease. Although most research exploring health disparities associated with this phenomenon has focused on differences between women based on biology and behavior, both the academic and lay communities have begun to explore the potential role of environmental exposure to estrogen and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study reviews the current state of the science associating one such means of exposure, hair products containing EDCs, with breast cancer risk in African American women. We found a growing body of evidence linking: (1) environmental estrogen and EDC exposures to breast cancer risk, (2) the presence of such chemicals in personal care products, including hair products, and (3) the use of certain hair products with potential breast cancer risk in African Americans. At the same time, there is also increasing concern in the lay community about this risk. These results indicate the need for additional research, and the opportunity to benefit from strategic partnerships in community‐collaborative approaches in order to better understand the potential “cost of beauty.”
Cancer stem cells: a metastasizing menace!
Authors: Bandhavkar Saurabh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and is estimated to be a reason of death of more than 18 billion people in the coming 5 years. Progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment of cancer; however, a sound understanding of the underlying cell biology still remains an unsolved mystery. Current treatments include a combination of radiation, surgery, and/or chemotherapy. However, these treatments are not a complete cure, aimed simply at shrinking the tumor and in majority of cases, there is a relapse of tumor. Several evidences suggest the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor‐initiating stem‐like cells, a small population of cells present in the tumor, capable of self‐renewal and generation of differentiated progeny. The presence of these CSCs can be attributed to the failure of cancer treatments as these cells are believed to exhibit therapy resistance. As a result, increasing attention has been given to CSC research to resolve the therapeutic problems related to cancer. Progress in this field of research has led to the development of novel strategies to treat several malignancies and has become a hot topic of discussion. In this review, we will briefly focus on the main characteristics, therapeutic implications, and perspectives of CSCs in cancer therapy.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)‐Targeted, Galectin‐Mediated Retrograde Transport by Using a HaloTag Carrier Protein
Authors: Son Sang‐Hyun , Seko Akira , Daikoku Shusaku , Fujikawa Kohki , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Ito Yukishige , Kanie Osamu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInvestigations into metabolic processes within the cell have often relied on genetic methods such as forced expression and knockout or knockdown techniques. An alternative approach would be introducing a molecule into the desired location inside the cell. To translocate compounds from outside cells into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we constructed a delivery carrier protein. This comprised N‐terminal galectin‐1 for cell‐surface binding (G1), a protease cleavable sequence (ps), a HaloTag domain for attaching exogenous compounds (Halo), and a C‐terminal KDEL sequence for ER retention. Fluorescently labeled G1‐ps‐Halo‐KDEL passed through the Golgi apparatus and reached the ER. By using Man9GlcNAc2‐BODIPY as a cargo compound, the carrier protein was also delivered into the ER with concomitant processing of mannose to Man5,6, by the ER‐resident α1,2‐mannosidase. G1‐ps‐Halo‐KDEL might serve as a new type of delivery carrier protein to direct compounds into the ER.
Versatility of the free jejunum flap in vaginal reconstruction
Authors: Bistoni Giovanni , Alamouti Reza , Martinez Alcaide Sonia , Matute Tobias Luis Javier , Blanco Gonzalez Francisco Javier , Mallent Añon José 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageVaginal reconstruction represents a very difficult challenge. Free jejunal flaps can be easily molded and adapted to solve complex cases restoring the width, length, and consistency of the “new” vagina without compromising the external genitalia and improving the lubrication while preserving sensation to clitoris.
Effects of Anion Substitution in (Mo,V)5O14 on Catalytic Performance in Selective Propene Oxidation to Acrolein
Authors: Kühn S. , Weber D. , Lerch M. , Ressler T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMolybdenum‐based mixed oxides represent well‐known model catalysts for the selective oxidation of light alkenes. Here, the anion lattice of (Mo,V)5O14 was for the first time modified by substituting oxygen ions with nitrogen ions. Investigations by XRD analysis, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the incorporation of nitrogen in the structure of Mo5O14 proceeded without changing the average valence of metal centers. Additionally, impedance spectroscopy confirmed the formation of oxygen vacancies. Significant changes in conductivities remained after the removal of nitrogen. Temperature‐programmed reduction measurements were performed to investigate oxygen mobility. The enhanced reducibility of oxide nitrides correlated with the increased conductivity. Catalytic performance in selective propene oxidation was determined by online mass spectrometry und gas chromatography at different temperatures. Selectivity towards acrolein increased with increasing conductivity whereas the formation of total oxidation products COx decreased.
Fabrication of Fe3O4‐l‐dopa‐CuII/SnIV@Micro‐Mesoporous‐SiO2 Catalyst Applied to Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Huo Hongfei , Wu Li , Ma Jianxin , Yang Honglei , Zhang Le , Yang Yuanyuan , Li Shuwen , Li Rong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA Magnetic mFe3O4‐l‐dopa‐CuII/SnIV@micro‐mesoporous‐SiO2 catalyst was successfully prepared. The catalyst exhibits high and stable catalytic activity for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction with air as oxidant. Furthermore, the selectivity can reach nearly 100 %. Meanwhile the catalyst can be easily separated by an external magnet and reused at least up to five cycles without any notable loss in catalytic activity. In addition, the effect of Sn and Cu on the oxidation of cyclohexanone is discussed.
Three‐Dimensionally Extended Host Electrodes for Biosensor Applications
Authors: Lo Yu‐Chun , Lee Kuan‐Ting , Liang Yi‐Ching , Liu Dai‐Ming , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new concept of three‐dimensionally extended host electrodes is proposed with the fabrication and applications of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) nanorod array based host electrodes as an example. The FTO nanorod arrays were grown on top of commercial FTO glass through a vapor–liquid–solid process by using Au nanocrystals as the anisotropic growth catalyst, tin powders as the precursor, and NH4F as the fluorine source. This three‐dimensionally extended FTO nanostructure was then decorated with Pt nanocrystals, using a polyol method, to serve as a non‐enzymatic sensing electrode for H2O2. These FTO nanorods not only offer greatly enlarged sensing areas and fast charge transport channels, but also significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of the electrode, all of which are beneficial for the electrochemical sensing of aqueous samples. A two order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity toward H2O2 over the plain commercial FTO glass was achieved, reaching a high sensitivity value of 543 mA M−1 cm2.
Thiazole Orange Dimers in DNA: Fluorescent Base Substitutions with Hybridization Readout
Authors: Berndl Sina , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Menacher Florian , Fiebig Torsten , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBy using (S)‐2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediol as a linker, thiazole orange (TO) was incorporated in a dimeric form into DNA. The green fluorescence (λ=530 nm) of the intrastrand TO dimer is quenched, whereas the interstrand TO dimer shows a characteristic redshifted orange emission (λ=585 nm). Steady‐state optical spectroscopic methods reveal that the TO dimer fluorescence is independent of the sequential base contexts. Time‐resolved pump–probe measurements and excitation spectra reveal the coexistence of conformations, including mainly stacked TO dimers and partially unstacked ones, which yield exciton and excimer contributions to the fluorescence, respectively. The helicity of the DNA framework distorts the excitonic coupling. In particular, the interstrand TO dimer could be regarded as an excitonically interacting base pair with fluorescence readout for DNA hybridization. Finally, the use of this fluorescent readout was representatively demonstrated in molecular beacons.
Homo‐ and Heterodinuclear Ir and Rh Imine‐functionalized Protic NHC Complexes: Synthetic, Structural Studies, and Tautomerization/Metallotropism Insights
Authors: He Fan , Wesolek Marcel , Danopoulos Andreas A. , Braunstein Pierre 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe influence of the potentially chelating imino group of imine‐functionalized Ir and Rh imidazole complexes on the formation of functionalized protic N‐heterocyclic carbene (pNHC) complexes by tautomerization/metallotropism sequences was investigated. Chloride abstraction in [Ir(cod)Cl{C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κN3}] (1 a) (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) with TlPF6 gave [Ir(cod){C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine)}]+[PF6]− (3 a+[PF6]−). Plausible mechanisms for the tautomerization of complex 1 a to 3 a+[PF6]− involving C2−H bond activation either in 1 a or in [Ir(cod){C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κN3}2]+[PF6]− (6 a+[PF6]−) were postulated. Addition of PR3 to complex 3 a+[PF6]− afforded the eighteen‐valence‐electron complexes [Ir(cod)(PR3){C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine)}]+[PF6]− (7 a+[PF6]− (R=Ph) and 7 b+[PF6]− (R=Me)). In contrast to Ir, chloride abstraction from [Rh(cod)Cl{C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κN3}] (1 b) at room temperature afforded [Rh(cod){C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κN3}2]+[PF6]− (6 b+[PF6]−) and [Rh(cod){C3H3N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine)}]+[PF6]− (3 b+[PF6]−) (minor); the reaction yielded exclusively the latter product in toluene at 110 °C. Double metallation of the azole ring (at both the C2 and the N3 atom) was also achieved: [Ir2(cod)2Cl{μ‐C3H2N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine),κN3}] (10) and the heterodinuclear complex [IrRh(cod)2Cl{μ‐C3H2N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine),κN3}] (12) were fully characterized. The structures of complexes 1 b, 3 b+[PF6]−, 6 a+[PF6]−, 7 a+[PF6]−, [Ir(cod){C3HN2(DippN=CMe)(DippN=CH)(Me)‐κ2(N3,Nimine)}]+[PF6]− (9+[PF6]−), 10⋅ Et2O⋅toluene, [Ir2(CO)4Cl{μ‐C3H2N2(DippN=CMe)‐κ2(C2,Nimine),κN3}] (11), and 12⋅2 THF were determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Design and Sensing Properties of a Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Oligomer
Authors: Bähring Steffen , Martín‐Gomis Luis , Olsen Gunnar , Nielsen Kent A. , Kim Dong Sub , Duedal Troels , Sastre‐Santos Ángela , Jeppesen Jan O. , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jonathan L. Sessler at the University of Texas at Austin. The image depicts the controlled self‐assembly of electron‐rich and electron‐deficient components to create a stimulus responsive oligomeric ensemble that functions as a sensor system for nitroaromatic explosives. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201503701.
The Influence of Substituent Orientation on the Photovoltaic Performance of Phthalocyanine‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tejerina Lara , Martínez‐Díaz M. Victoria , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Torres Tomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhthalocyanines (Pcs) are used as sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) because of their stability and intense absorption in the red and near‐IR regions. Impressive progress has been made in photovoltaic efficiencies by introduction of bulky peripheral substituents to help suppress macrocycle aggregation. To reach benchmark efficiencies reported for other related dyes, new designs need to be explored. Single carboxy‐ZnPc regioisomers substituted at the non‐peripheral positions by rigid aryl groups have now been studied, which has shed light on the influence of steric hindrance and/or orientation of the substituent around the anchoring group on the photovoltaic response. The regioisomer bearing the aryl group far away from the anchoring group produces a more effective sensitization of the TiO2 films and higher short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc). Taking advantage of the good photovoltaic performance in the near‐IR region of this ZnPc, it was combined with another appropriate dye for panchromatic sensitization of the mesoporous photoelectrode and an increase of the overall device efficiency.
Clinical performance of the Food and Drug Administration–Approved high‐risk HPV test for the detection of high‐grade cervicovaginal lesions
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Mody Roxanne R. , Luna Eric , Armylagos Donna , Xu Jiaqiong , Schwartz Mary R. , Mody Dina R. , Ge Yimin 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing for triaging atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and cotesting with cytology have been implemented in clinical practice. However, clinical data for primary screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing alone are currently lacking.METHODSThis study retrospectively reviewed the correlation of cytology, histology, and hrHPV testing through the use of a cytology laboratory quality assurance database with 130,648 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests interpreted at Houston BioReference Laboratories and Houston Methodist Hospital between March 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014. Among the 47,499 patients who had undergone cytology‐HPV cotesting, 1654 underwent follow‐up biopsies.RESULTSThe sensitivities of the hrHPV and Pap tests were 80.8% and 81.2%, respectively, for detecting any type of cervicovaginal dysplasia and 91.3% and 90.9%, respectively, for high‐grade cervicovaginal lesions. For biopsy‐confirmed high‐grade cervicovaginal lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+, adenocarcinoma in situ, or carcinoma; n = 253), the false‐negative rates for hrHPV and Pap tests were 8.7% and 9.1%, respectively. The false‐negative rate for cytology‐hrHPV cotesting was only 1.2%.CONCLUSIONSIn clinical practice, the hrHPV test alone is not significantly superior to the Pap test as a primary screening method for cervicovaginal lesions. The false‐negative rate of the hrHPV test in detecting biopsy‐confirmed high‐grade cervicovaginal lesions is comparable to the rate of the Pap test. Women with cytology and hrHPV cotesting, however, have a significantly lower false‐negative rate than those undergoing either test alone. Currently, cytology‐HPV cotesting remains the best strategy for detecting high‐grade cervicovaginal lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:317–23. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Graphene@Nanoporous Nickel Cathode for Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Guo Xianwei , Han Jiuhui , Liu Pan , Ito Yoshikazu , Hirata Akihiko , Chen Mingwei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLi−O2 batteries are a promising electrochemical energy‐storage system with a sufficient energy density for all electric vehicles, with a one‐charge driving distance comparable to conventional petrol cars. However, the practical implementations of Li−O2 batteries face many scientific and technological challenges. Among these is the development of high‐performance cathode materials that can provide high capacity, low charge/discharge overpotentials and stable cycling stability. Here, we report a nanoporous Ni cathode covered by N‐doped graphene and self‐grown catalyst for rechargeable Li−O2 batteries. The novel hybrid cathode shows relatively low charge/discharge overpotentials, high volumetric capacity and long cycling lifetime, which may pave a new way for practical implementation of economic nanoporous metals as binder‐free cathodes for high‐performance Li−O2 batteries.
Fabrication of a High‐Quality, Porous, Surface‐Confined Covalent Organic Framework on a Reactive Metal Surface
Authors: Larrea Christian R. , Baddeley Christopher J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA major goal of heterogeneous catalysis is to optimize catalytic selectivity. Selectivity is often limited by the fact that most heterogeneous catalysts possess sites with a range of reactivities, resulting in the formation of unwanted by‐products. The construction of surface‐confined covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) on catalytically active surfaces is a desirable strategy, as pores can be tailored to operate as catalytic nanoreactors. Direct modification of reactive surfaces is impractical, because the strong molecule–surface interaction precludes monomer diffusion and formation of extended architectures. Herein, we describe a protocol for the formation of a high‐quality sCOF on a Pd‐rich surface by first fabricating a porous sCOF through Ullmann coupling on a Au‐rich bimetallic surface on Pd(111). Once the sCOF has formed, thermal processing induces a Pd‐rich surface while preserving the integrity of the sCOF architecture, as evidenced by scanning tunneling microscopy and titration of Pd sites through CO adsorption.
Polyoxometalate Complexes as Precursors to Vanadium‐Doped Molybdenum or Tungsten Oxide Thin Films by Means of Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Ponja Sapna D. , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Davies Hywel O. , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition of substituted polyoxometalates H4[PMo11VO40], H7[PMo8V4O40], [nBu4N]4[PVW11O40] and [nBu4N]5[PV2W10O40] resulted in the formation of vanadium‐doped metal oxide thin films. Depositions were carried out at 550 °C in methanol or acetonitrile for the POMs that contained molybdenum or tungsten, respectively. The as‐deposited films were X‐ray amorphous and relatively non‐adherent. However, on annealing in air at 600 °C, decolourised translucent films that were more mechanically robust were obtained. Films deposited from H4[PMo11VO40] and H7[PMo8V4O40] consisted of V‐doped MoO3 in the orthorhombic phase and films from [nBu4N]4[PVW11O40] and [nBu4N]5[PV2W10O40] comprised of monoclinic V‐doped WO3. All films were fully characterised by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy.