bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Creep Rupture Characteristics of MarBN Welded Joint
Authors: Guo Yang , Sun Xiaoxiang , Zhang Yusheng , Xu Jian , Yang Lin , Mao Guijun , Wang Xue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The welded joint of a new kind of martensitic heat resistant steel, namely MarBN, was made by using matching welding rods. Creep rupture tests were carried out in the condition of 650 ℃/120–220 MPa. Microstructure before and after creep rupture tests was observed and hardness tests on the welded joint were performed. Results showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ was finer than those of FGHAZ, ICHAZ and base metal after PWHT. FGHAZ and ICHAZ inherited the coarse lath morphology from base metal but with fine grains in some areas. Before creep, CGHAZ had the highest hardness, while FGHAZ and ICHAZ had the lowest. It was also worth noting that hardness of weld metal was higher than that of base metal before creep. During the process of long-term creep, weld metal experienced the most severe degradation as a result of the most serious ripening of M23C6 and it eventually fractured in the form of cavity aggregation. Therefore, weld metal was the weakest region throughout the whole welded joint during creep and the welded joint exhibited no tendency towards type IV creep cracking.
Contraceptive use, both oral and parenteral, is associated with increased arterial stiffness in young healthy women
Authors: Pettersson-Pablo Paul , Nilsson Torbjörn K , Hurtig-Wennlöf Anita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:Previous studies on the impact on arterial health of contraceptive use, or across the menstrual phases, have yielded differing results. Furthermore, there is little research on the differences based on the delivery method of the contraceptive, oral vs parenteral contraceptives. In this study, we examine arterial health using three different clinical physiological measures of arterial function and structure in contraceptive users and non-users.
Methods: Young, healthy, non-smoking, women, between 18.0-25.9 years of age were enrolled in the study (n = 577). Menstrual phase and contraceptive use and type were assessed by questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was measured using pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Arterial thickness was measured using carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT). Venous blood samples were analysed for various biomarkers, which were used in multivariate regressions to adjust for the effects of contraceptive use on the vascular measures.
Results: Contraceptive users had a significantly higher PWV than non-users. The menstrual phase did not significantly impact PWV. The type of contraceptive, oral or parenteral, did not impact PWV. AIx and cIMT did not differ between any studied groups. Systolic blood pressure, Body Mass Index, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were higher in the contraceptive using group, but in multivariable models, adjusting for age, these biomarkers had only limited impact on the positive association between contraceptive use and PWV.
Conclusion: Contraceptive users have higher PWV than non-users already in young healthy women.
Movement and Dietary Behaviours and Mental Health among University Students: The Health@NUS Study
Authors: Zheng Shenglin , Chua Xin Hui , Edney Sarah Martine , Goh Claire Marie , Tai Bee Choo , Chia Janelle , Koek Daphne , Dam Rob Martinus van , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction University is a crucial time when students face mounting pressures on their mental health and are establishing health behaviours that may persist in later life. This study investigated the associations between movement and dietary behaviours and mental health among university students. It further explored the potential role of sex differences in these associations. Methods This cross-sectional study used data (2020–2022) from the Health@NUS prospective cohort study. Six behaviours—moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, sleep duration, and intake of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy food—were assessed and classified as either healthy or unhealthy based on established recommendations. Mental health was measured using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress scale and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being Index. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the associations between the behaviours and mental health, and to evaluate effect modification by sex. Results Among 773 students (mean age 22.7 years, 56.8% female), 23.3% practiced 4–6 healthy behaviours; 14.1% and 37.7% reported high distress and poor well-being, respectively. Compared to students engaging in 0–1 healthy behaviour, those engaging in 2 or more healthy behaviours reported less distress and greater well-being. Students who practiced 4–6 behaviours reported lowest distress (females: -1.51, 95% CI -2.75, -0.27; males: -1.72, 95% CI -3.06, -0.39) and the best well-being (females: 10.66, 95% CI 6.04, 15.23; males: 9.98, 95% CI 6.04, 15.23). For individual behaviours, more sleep and less intake of unhealthy foods were associated with less distress, whereas more MVPA and sleep were associated with better well-being. Additionally, among female students, less sedentary time and unhealthy food intake were associated with better well-being. Conclusions The more healthy movement and dietary behaviours that students practiced, the better their reported mental health outcomes. The type of behaviour and sex also appear to play a role. These findings highlight the need for interventions addressing both lifestyle behaviours and mental health in students concurrently, potentially using sex-tailored strategies.
Enhanced Sensitivity in Bromochlorodifluoromethane Detection: A Comparative Study of B12N12 and B12P12 Nanocages
Authors: Abrar Ayesha , Ahmed Qazi Muhammad , Arshad Farrah , Shahzad Nasir , Ayub Khurshid , Sheikh Nadeem S. , Jadoon Tabish , Ullah Faizan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This Density Functional Theory (DFT) study, utilizing the B3LYP-D3 functional with a 6-311 + + G (d, p) basis set, explores the efficacy of B12N12 and B12P12 nanocages for detecting Bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance. Our investigations reveal that both B12P12 and B12N12 nanocages show a notable affinity for BCF. Specifically, B12P12 nanocage demonstrates a stronger interaction with BCF, evidenced by an interaction energy of − 23.89 kJ mol− 1 compared to − 19.16 kJ mol− 1 for BCF@B12N12. The interaction energy, along with charge transfer and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses, confirms the physisorption nature of the BCF adsorption on the nanocages. UV/Vis spectroscopy predicts significant bathochromic shifts upon BCF adsorption, indicating potential for optical sensing. Moreover, BCF adsorption significantly reduces the HOMO-LUMO gap by 43.9% for BCF@B12P12 and by 22.3% for BCF@B12N12, thereby enhancing conductivity. This increased conductivity can be converted to an electrical signal, that correlates with the presence of BCF in the environment, affirming the potential of these nanocages as effective BCF detectors.
Delivery of dsRNA to improve RNAi efficiency by cell-penetrating disulfide polymer for spodoptera frugiperda control
Authors: Wu Xu , Li Wenmei , Xu Qiang , Yi Xiaoping , Zhang Dahe , He Mingzhe , Ren Yuhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The application of RNA is regarded as innovative and sustainable, and it has shown excellent control efficiency against pest control in the world. However, the efficiency of RNAi in insects could be more inefficient and unreliable, and exploring a superb delivery system is considered a crucial factor in improving RNAi. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), is a worldwide agricultural pest and has caused enormous losses to global food production. Herein, a novel and effective method of conjugating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with cell-penetrating disulfide polymer (CPD) was reported to improve the stability and RNAi efficiency of the dsRNA. Chitin synthase B gene (CHSB) and methoprene-tolerant gene (Met)gene were used as the target genes, which are essential for the development and growth of FAM. The CPD was prepared using a two-step method to deliver the dsRNA. The synthesized CPD/dsRNA reached a size from 161.9 nm to 226.2 nm and protected dsRNA from nuclease degradation. The biological application of CPD in Sf9 cells and fall armyworm(FAW)indicated the low cytotoxicity and high cell viability of CPD. Moreover, the dsRNA loaded by CPD could enter the cell within 6 h and had excellent lysosomal escape function and gene transfection efficiency. The bioassays of FAW showed the relative expression levels of CHSB and Met genes were 48.14% and 37.60% of the control at 72 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the weight and body length of the larval decreased significantly on the sixth day, and the mortality rate of CPD/dsCHSB reached 30% on the 10th day. This CPD has been shown for the first time to have excellent delivery performance in insects and is expected to become a new and effective tool for pest control, marking a significant advancement in the field of pest management.
Intellectual Capability and Its Association with Severe Dental Caries Treatment Needs in Young Israeli Adults: A Cross-Sectional Record-Based Study.
Authors: Levy Dan Henry , Yavnai Nirit , Itzhak Joe Ben , Hamzani Yafit , Zusman Shlomo Paul , Solomonov Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Disparities in dental health resulting from social and economic inequality are a pressing public health concern. Poor and vulnerable populations bear a higher burden of caries exacerbated by limited access to quality dental care. Recent publications have suggested a possible association between intellectual capability and caries risk, as well as lower compliance with publicly funded healthcare services among populations with lower educational levels. The objective of this study was to explore potential associations between severe dental caries treatment needs (root canal treatments and extractions), socioeconomic factors and intellectual capability.
Methods: Dental records of 21,052 soldiers recruited into Israeli military service between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed, and data on the need for root canal treatments and extractions were retrieved. Sociodemographic information, including age, sex, socioeconomic strata, intellectual capability scores, body mass index, and place of birth, were extracted and analyzed.
Results: The findings from the multivariate generalized linear model indicated that lower intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata were associated with a significantly greater requirement for root canal treatments and extractions (p< 0.001). The model also identified male gender and older age as predictors for higher treatment needs. Non-native Israelis were found to be at a greater risk for needing root canal treatments compared to native Israelis. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Groups with lower intellectual capability scores and socioeconomic strata exhibited a greater need for dental treatments, including root canal treatments and extractions. Given their higher likelihood of requiring more invasive treatments, health policy should prioritize intervention plans aimed at improving attendance at preventive care services for these disadvantaged populations under the Israeli free dental care reform.
Microbial Risk Assessment Across Diverse Environments Based on Metagenomic Absolute Quantification with Cellular Internal Standard
Authors: Zhang Tong , Shi Xianghui , Yang Yu , Wang Chunxiao , Xu Xiaoqing , Mao Xuemei , Chen Xi , Ding Jiahui , Li Shuxian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The risk posed by microorganisms in diverse environments has emerged as a significant concern. Despite this, existing microbial risk assessment frameworks often lack comprehensiveness and systematicness. To tackle this constraint, we developed a cellular spike-in (one Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacteria) method that enables absolute quantification of microorganisms in various environmental compartments. This method was rigorously evaluated for reproducibility, accuracy, and applicability. Furthermore, we investigated biases that might arise from DNA extraction to sequencing under different cell lysis conditions for both types of bacteria, and importantly, demonstrated that this spike-in absolute quantification method could correct such biases. We then applied this method to a range of samples to determine the absolute abundance of various microorganisms, pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across eight different sample types, including influent, effluent, primary sludge, activated sludge, marine water, marine bathing beach water, marine fishery water, and river water. Based on the results, we evaluated and compared the treatment efficiencies in terms of pathogens and ARGs in five WWTPs of different operational modes. Finally, we integrated the absolute abundances of 1) total pathogens and key pathogens used for cumulative pathogenic possibility calculation in the framework of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA); 2) Risk Rank1&2 ARGs and high-risk ARGs associated with ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) + EV (E.coli and Vibrio spp.); 3) two most common fecal indicator bacteria (FIBs), namely Escherichia coli and Enterococci; and 4) plasmids and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs), into an index to facilitate comprehensive microbial risk assessment and comparison across different environments.
Unveiling the atomistic mechanism of oxide scale spalling in heat-resistant alloys
Authors: Jiang Suihe , Li Congcong , Zheng Wenjin , Zhong Haonan , Liu Xiongjun , Zhu Huihui , Wang Hui , Wu Yuan , Zhang Xiaobin , Yu Zhiyang , Lu Zhaoping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Metallic materials often undergo oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. Only by forming an intact and dense oxide scale adhering well to the matrix can metallic materials be safely utilized. Due to the large difference of thermal expansion properties, the formed oxide scale often spalls from alloy matrix, leading to premature failure of the material. Few mechanisms have been proposed for understanding this phenomenon, nevertheless, consensus has not yet been reached. In this study, we revealed that trace sulfur impurities contaminated in high-purity raw materials prominently segregates to the interface between the oxide scale and alloy matrix, forming a thin intermediate amorphous-like layer during the oxidation process of a model alloy at 900 oC. Preferential cracking between the sulfur-rich layer and the alumina scale easily occurred due to the weak chemical bonding between sulfur and alumina atoms, as confirmed by our atomistic simulation. Based on these findings, we successfully eliminated S segregation by microalloying and significantly improved the oxide scale adhesion. Our work clearly verifies the atomistic spalling mechanism of the oxide scale (i.e., the sulfur effect), which is useful for improving oxide scale adhesion and enhancing heat-resistant properties of high-temperature alloys.
Effect of Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) therapy for enhancing Final-Year High School Students Career Choices
Authors: MAHMOOD AMIR , Huang Xiao , Rehman Nadia , Zamani Noushin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The SMART program improves students' memory, reasoning, and strategic thinking skills, crucial for academic success and career planning. This study explored the effect of Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) for final-year high school students, aiming to enhance their decision-making abilities and prepare them for university. Based on the literature, nine hypotheses were developed with SMART program implementation therapy as an independent variable with four sub-variables: cognitive skills, professional development, social skills, and academic skills, and their impact on the dependent variable, such as career decision-making. Using a smart partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on 284 high school students, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) was implemented to confirm the measurement model. Path analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results of the study revealed that SMART therapy significantly enhances cognitive abilities, academic performance, personal development, and social skills, collectively contributing to better career decision-making among final-year high school students. However, the direct impact of SMART on career decision-making was not supported, indicating that additional factors, such as social and emotional influences, play a role. These findings suggest that integrating SMART therapy into high school curricula can better prepare students for future challenges and career opportunities, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). A collaborative approach among stakeholders, policy support, and innovative practices are recommended to overcome potential obstacles and ensure the successful implementation of SMART therapy in educational settings.
Investigation of Thermally Assisted End Milling of 254 SMO Super Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Passari Émerson , Souza André J. , Aita Carlos A. G. , Schirmer Guilherme V. , Barros Liu Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Given the challenges associated with machining super austenitic stainless steels (SASS), including their high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, high work-hardening tendency, and high ductility, thermally assisted machining (TAM) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the machinability of these materials. Thus, in this study, the machining forces, tool wear, and surface finish generated under different cutting conditions in the milling of SASS 254 SMO heated to 200 ºC were compared to the results obtained in a related study applying dry cutting and commercial nanofluid in minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL). The results showed that machining forces in TAM were, on average, 18.4% lower than in dry cutting and similar to those in NMQL milling (reduction of 19.3%), indicating that thermal softening facilitated chip deformation and reduced machining forces. The tool wear rate in TAM was lower than that in dry cutting, although it was slightly higher than that in NMQL milling (mainly at the end of the test). However, the presence of adhered material on the machined surface and the formation of defects, such as smearing and side flow, imply that the elevated temperature of the workpiece may adversely affect its surface quality.
The Silent Crisis: Rising Trends in Adolescent Suicide in Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Moreira Marcelo Rasga , Costa Nilson do Rosário 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to analyze trends in youth suicide rates and the odds of suicide comparing different age groups from 2000 to 2022 in Brazil.
Methods
We conducted a temporal trend study on suicide mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022, using data from the Mortality Information System and population projections from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated mortality rates for the following age groups: adolescents (10–19 years), young adults (20–29 years), youth (10–29 years), adults including youth (20 years and older), and adults excluding youth (30 years and older). We applied Joinpoint regression to identify changes in trends and calculated the Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR) to compare suicide mortality between youth and adults.
Results
Between 2000 and 2022, suicide mortality significantly increased among adolescents, with a higher average annual percentage change compared to young adults. The Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR) for youth was 5.05 in 2000, rising to 8.56 in 2022. For adolescents, the MOR increased from 3.27 to 8.86 over the same period, indicating that in 2022, the suicide risk was 21% higher among adolescents than young adults, highlighting a significant reversal in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Discussion
These findings underscore the urgent need for national mental health policies targeted at adolescents, particularly those in high vulnerability. The results of this study provide an evidence base for policymakers and public health officials to develop and implement interventions aimed at curbing the rising trend of youth suicide in Brazil.
Physical Activity in Socially Less-advantaged Bangladeshi Manual Workers – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hossain Nabila , Pedersen Arve Vorland , Stalsberg Ragna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background International recommendations for the regular physical activity required to maintain mental and physical health are mainly based on leisure-time physical activity in high-socioeconomic groups and developed countries. This social and methodological bias in the literature contributes to less-advantaged groups in other parts of the world not being given justice regarding physical activity. This qualitative study aims to explore Bangladeshi manual workers’ descriptions and perceptions of physical activity practices in their everyday lives.
Methods Twelve interviews were conducted with house helpers, street vendors, garment manufacturing company workers, one rickshaw puller, and one carpenter recruited from the streets and neighbourhoods of Dhaka. The interview analyses were inductive and data-driven, adopting a reflexive thematic analysis approach.
Results Seven themes were identified from the interviews, including two exhibiting physical activity perceptions of the informants representing a less-advantaged social group. According to the results, the low incomes of workers drive them to manually ‘work around the clock’, without any day off. Strenuous work for 12–17 h per day and additional hours of manual domestic activities for the women, in addition to active transport to and from work, result in a physically active day of up to 20 h. Being tied up with occupational and transport physical activity in busy surroundings, the informants lack the time and space, as well as the energy, for recreational activities. In addition, their working conditions cause body pain and discomfort. Physical activity is perceived as good for people who are treated for hypertension or diabetes; however, it is perceived as superfluous in the lives of manual workers. In addition, the desired recreational physical activity is seen as a luxury reserved for the rich.
Conclusion
This study provides empirical evidence about the physically strenuous everyday lives of less-advantaged workers in an underdeveloped country. The results can inform future researchers and policymakers about the importance of an integrated approach, taking into account all physical activity domains and the limited possibilities within a tough socioeconomic context, while simultaneously moderating the exalted eagerness of counting minutes per week in leisure-time physical activity.