bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of New Shower Facilities on Physical Activity Behaviors of Employees: A Quasi-experiment
Authors: Nehme Eileen K. , Pérez Adriana , Ranjit Nalini , Amick Benjamin C. , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: October 2016

Background:This quasi-experimental study assessed the effects of new workplace showers on physical activity behaviors in a sample of downtown employees in Austin, TX.Methods:The study design was quasi-experimental with 2 comparison groups. Data were collected via internet-based surveys before and 4 months after shower installation at 1 worksite. Differences across study groups in the ranks of change in past-week minutes of physical activity from baseline to follow-up were assessed. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for reporting an increase of ≥10 min past-week physical activity and workday physical activity among those with new showers and existing showers relative to those with no showers were also assessed.Results:No significant differences in changes in physical activity from baseline to follow-up across study groups were found. One-quarter of participants with new workplace showers and 46.9% of those with existing workplace showers at baseline reported ever using the showers.Conclusions:This prospective study did not find significant changes in employee physical activity 4 months after installation of worksite showers. Worksite shower users were highly active at baseline, suggesting a possible early adopter effect, with potential for diffusion. Future studies may benefit from longer exposure times and larger samples.
Vicinity of Schools, But Not of Residences, Seems to Regulate Physical and Sports Activities of 13-Year-Old Teenagers in a South European Setting
Authors: Magalhães Alexandre , Ramos Elisabete , Pina Maria Fátima 
Published: October 2016

Background:Proximity to urban green spaces (UGS) and open sports spaces (OSS) benefits health, promotes physical activity (PA) and sports practice (SP).Objective:Analyze the association between PA or SP according to distances between UGS or OSS and teenagers’ residences or schools.Methods:We evaluated 1333 (53.9% girls) teenagers (13 years old) living and studying in Porto, Portugal (EPITeen cohort). PA was classified as light or moderate/vigorous. Distances were the shortest routes from residences or schools to UGS/OSS, and classified in ≤250 m; >250 m to ≤500 m; >500 m to ≤750 m; >750 m. Chi-square test and chi-square for trends were used to compare proportions; associations were measured using logistic regression, through odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting to BMI and parental education.Results:Regarding vicinity’ of schools, the prevalence of moderate/vigorous PA among boys, decreases as distances to OSS increases. For girls, the prevalence of sports decreases as distances to UGS increase. For boys, we found an association between moderate/vigorous PA and proximity to OSS in the vicinity of schools: considering ≤250 m as reference, the odds of moderate/vigorous PA is 0.20 (0.06–0.63) for >250 m to ≤500 m; 0.21 (0.07–0.61) for >500 m to ≤750 m and 0.19 (0.06–0.58) for >750 m.Conclusion:Vicinities of schools seem to influence teenagers to be more physically active and increase sports participation.
Association of Different Physical Activity Domains on All-Cause Mortality in Adults Participating in Primary Care in the Brazilian National Health System: 4-Year Follow-up
Authors: Turi Bruna C. , Codogno Jamile S. , Fernandes Romulo A. , Sui Xuemei , Lavie Carl J. , Blair Steven N. , Monteiro Henrique L. 
Published: October 2016

Background:Evidence has shown that physical activity (PA) is associated with low mortality risk. However, data about reduced mortality due to PA are scarce in developing countries and the dose–response relationship between PA from different domains and all-cause mortality remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the association of PA from different domains on all-cause mortality among Brazilian adults.Methods:679 males and females composed the study sample. Participants were divided into quartile groups according to PA from different domains (occupational, sports, and leisure-time). Medical records were used to identify the cause of the death. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of PA from different domains and all-cause mortality.Results:During the follow-up period, 59 participants died. The most prevalent cause of death was circulatory system diseases (n = 20; 33.9% [21.8%–45.9%]). Higher scores of occupational (HR= 0.45 [95% CI: 0.20–0.97]), sports (HR= 0.44 [95% CI: 0.20–0.95]) and overall PA (HR= 0.40 [95% CI: 0.17–0.90]) were associated with lower mortality, even after adjustment for confounders.Conclusions:The findings in this study showed the importance of being active in different domains to reduce mortality risk.
Exploring Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and Personal Agency: Insights Into Theory-Based Messages to Encourage Park-Based Physical Activity in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Groshong Lisa , Stanis Sonja A. Wilhelm , Kaczynski Andrew T. , Hipp J. Aaron , Besenyi Gina M. 
Published: October 2016

Background:Public parks hold promise for promoting population-level PA, but studies show a significant portion of park use is sedentary. Past research has documented the effectiveness of message-based strategies for influencing diverse behaviors in park settings and for increasing PA in nonpark contexts. Therefore, to inform message-based interventions (eg, point-ofdecision prompts) to increase park-based PA, the purpose of this study was to elicit insights about key attitudes, perceived norms, and personal agency that affect park use and park-based PA in low-income urban neighborhoods.Methods:This study used 6 focus groups with youth and adults (n = 41) from low-income urban areas in Kansas City, MO, to examine perceptions of key attitudinal outcomes and motivations, perceived norms, key referents, and personal agency facilitators and constraints that affect park use and park-based PA.Results:Participant attitudes reflected the importance of parks for mental and physical health, with social interaction and solitude cited as key motivations. Of 10 themes regarding perceived norms, influential others reflected participants’ ethnic makeup but little consensus emerged among groups. Social and safety themes were cited as both facilitators and constraints, along with park offerings and setting.Conclusions:Information about attitudes, perceived norms, and personal agency can increase understanding of theoretically derived factors that influence park-based PA and help park and health professionals create communication strategies to promote PA.
Physical Activity in Older Adults in Relation to Place of Residence and Coexistent Chronic Diseases
Authors: Kostka Joanna , Kostka Tomasz , Borowiak Ewa 
Published: October 2016

Background:The goal of this study was to assess the physical activity (PA) and its determinants of older people living in the 3 different environments.Methods:Three equal (n = 693 each) groups of individuals aged ≥65 years living in urban, rural and institutional environments took part in this study. PA was measured by the Seven Day Recall PA Questionnaire (energy expenditure—PA-EE) and the Stanford Usual Activity Questionnaire (health-related behaviors—PA-HRB).Results:PA-EE was highest in the rural environment and lowest in nursing homes. PA-HRB were most common in urban area. Older age, lower education level, several concomitant diseases and the number of systematically used medications were consistently related to lower PA-EE and PA-HRB. Smoking habit, presence of hypertension, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal disorders had different association to PA-EE and PA-HRB in the 3 environments.Conclusions:Subpopulations of older people differ from the general population with regard to their level of PA and its association with sociodemographic data and concomitant diseases. Concomitant serious diseases significantly decrease the level of PA of older subjects. The relationship between PA and nondebilitating disorders may vary depending on the living environment or PA assessment methodology.
Effects of Distant Green Space on Physical Activity in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Chong Shanley , Byun Roy , Mazumdar Soumya , Bauman Adrian , Jalaludin Bin 
Published: October 2016

Background:The aim was to investigate the association between distant green space and physical activity modified by local green space.Methods:Information about physical activity, demographic and socioeconomic background at the individual level was extracted from the New South Wales Population Health Survey. The proportion of a postcode that was parkland was used as a proxy measure for access to parklands and was calculated for each individual.Results:There was a significant relationship between distant green space and engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least once a week. No significant relationship was found between adequate physical activity and distant green space. No significant relationships were found between adequate physical activity, engaging in MVPA, and local green space. However, if respondents lived in greater local green space (≥25%), there was a significant relationship between engaging in MVPA at least once a week and distance green space of ≥20%.Conclusion:This study highlights the important effect of distant green space on physical activity. Our findings also suggest that moderate size of local green space together with moderate size of distant green space are important levers for participation of physical activity.
Defining and Measuring Active Play Among Young Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Truelove Stephanie , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Tucker Patricia 
Published: October 2016

Background:Many young children are not meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines. In an effort to change this, the term active play has been used to promote increased physical activity levels. Among young children, physical activity is typically achieved in the form of active play behavior. The current study aimed to review and synthesize the literature to identify key concepts used to define and describe active play among young children. A secondary objective was to explore the various methods adopted for measuring active play.Methods:A systematic review was conducted by searching seven online databases for English-language, original research or reports, and were eligible for inclusion if they defined or measured active play among young children (ie, 2 to 6 years).Results:Nine studies provided a definition or description of active play, six measured active play, and 13 included both outcomes. While variability in active play definitions did exist, common themes included: increased energy exerted, rough and tumble, gross motor movement, unstructured, freely chosen, and fun. Alternatively, many researchers described active play as physical activity (n = 13) and the majority of studies used a questionnaire (n = 16) to assess active play among young children.Conclusion:Much variability in the types of active play, methods of assessing active play, and locations where active play can transpire were noted in this review. As such, an accepted and consistent definition is necessary, which we provide herein.
The Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults May Be Attenuated With Adequate Physical Activity
Authors: Edwards Meghan K. , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:Examine the independent association of sedentary behavior and cognitive function in older adults, as well as whether physical activity attenuates this potential association.Methods:Data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N = 2472 adults 60 to 85 yrs). Sedentary behavior was subjectively assessed and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was employed to assess cognitive function.Results:Among an unadjusted and an adjusted model not accounting for physical activity, only 5+ hrs/day (vs. < 1 hr) of sedentary time was independently associated with lower DSST scores (β = –3.1; 95% CI: –5.8 to –0.4; P= .02). However, a fully adjusted model (adding in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a covariate) did not yield a statistically significant association between 5+ hrs/day of sedentary time and DSST scores (β = –2.5; 95% CI: –5.1 to 0.2; P = .07).Conclusion:Accumulated daily sedentary behavior of 5+ hrs is associated with lower cognitive function in an older adult population when physical activity is not taken into account. However, physical activity may account for 19% of the total association between sedentary behavior and cognitive function, thus attenuating the sedentary-cognitive function association. Efforts should be made to promote physical activity in the aging population.
Abstract A06: ‘Accidental discoveries on systematic studies: Role of inflammation in multistep tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in models of allergies
Authors: Khatami Mahin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Among major scientific factors involved in extremely slow progress in cancer research and failed therapies are the lack of understanding of host tissue composition and interactions between resident immune cells and signaling for recruited cells in carcinogenesis. In 1980s experimental models of acute and chronic ocular inflammatory diseases resulted in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Analyses of data became accidental discoveries for systematic identification of time-course kinetics of interactions and synergies between host immune cells (e.g., mast, goblet and B cells) and recruiting cells (e.g., eosinophils and TAMs) during acute, intermediate and chronic phases of immune dynamics caused induction of tumor-like lesions in conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissues. The data are the first multiple findings on early events, followed by sequential alterations of immunity toward tissue growth and angiogenesis. In 2008, acute inflammation or effective immunity was defined as the balance between two biologically opposing arms, termed Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) properties of immune and non-immune (e.g., vasculature, neurodegenerative and metabolic) responses. Chronic inflammation was hypothesized as loss of balance in Yin and Yang and a common link for genesis of all age-associated chronic diseases or cancer. Future efforts to promote immunity should include systematic understanding of host-pathogen interactions in susceptible tissues. Outcomes are expected to hold real promise in understanding how cancer cells become threat to body and how translate cancer biology into cost-effective drug designs and clinical trials.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Mahin Khatami, Ret. ‘Accidental discoveries on systematic studies: Role of inflammation in multistep tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in models of allergies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A06.
Abstract A10: The hypoxic response in natural killer cells: Linking cytoxicity and tumor immune surveillance to angiogenesis
Authors: Krzywinska Ewelina , Kantari-Mimoun Chahrazade , Castells Magali , Gotthardt Dagmar , Kerdiles Yann , Klose Ralph , Fandrey Joachim , Sexl Veronika , Stockmann Christian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are central mediators of cellular adaptation to low oxygen and play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses. Natural Killer (NK) cells, unifying characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity, are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells with a unique ability to instantly recognize and kill “aberrant” cancer cells while sparing “normal” cells. Owing to these tumoricidal features, NK cells are able to restrict primary tumor growth and limit metastatic spread. By genetic targeting HIFs in NK cells HIFs, we define a crucial role of HIF-1 in NK cell function and cancer immune surveillance. We show that NK cells preferentially infiltrate into hypoxic zones of solid primary tumors and that HIF-1-deficiency in NK cells slows impairs primary tumor growth as well as distant metastasis. This is due to reduced susceptibility of HIF-1-deficient NK cells to tumor cell-derived inhibitory stimuli, resulting in improved recognition and killing of tumor cells.
Furthermore, we define the hypoxic response in NK cells as a critical mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Paradoxically, HIF-1-deficiency in NK cells results in decreased expression of various angiostatic factors within the tumor microenvironment, resulting in unproductive tumor angiogenesis, characterized by immature, non-functional vessel and severe tumor hypoxia. This suggests that the hypoxic response in NK cells slows down overall tumor angiogenesis in order to allow for vessel formation in a more coordinated fashion.
In summary, we define HIF-1 as a critical mediator of NK cell effector function and cancer immune surveillance. Secondly, we show that HIF-1 in NK cells acts as a negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis that ensures the fine-tuning of the angiogenic response. These results indicate that exploiting the hypoxic response in NK cells may represent a novel therapeutic avenue.
Citation Format: Ewelina Krzywinska, Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun, Magali Castells, Dagmar Gotthardt, Yann Kerdiles, Ralph Klose, Joachim Fandrey, Veronika Sexl, Christian Stockmann. The hypoxic response in natural killer cells: Linking cytoxicity and tumor immune surveillance to angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A10.
Abstract A11: Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells enhances natural killer cell responses to chemotherapy and ameliorates cachexia
Authors: Castells Magali , Klose Ralph , Gotthardt Dagmar , Putz Eva-Maria , Krzywinska Ewelina , Kantari-Mimoun Chahrazade , Chikdene Naima , Meinecke Anna-Katharina , Schroedter Katrin , Helfrich Iris , Fandrey Joachim , Sexl Veronika , Stockmann Christian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a mainstay of cancer treatment but its use is often limited by the development of adverse reactions. Severe involuntary loss of body weight (cachexia) is a frequent cause of death in cancer patients and is exacerbated by chemotherapy. We show that, in contrast to antibody-mediated neutralization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A, genetic inactivation of VEGF-A in tumor-associated myeloid cells prevents chemotherapy-induced cachexia by inhibiting skeletal muscle loss and the lipolysis of white adipose tissue. It also improves clearance of senescent tumor cells by natural killer cells and inhibits tumor regrowth after chemotherapy. The effects depend on the adipokine and chemoattractant chemerin, which is released by the tumur endothelium in response to chemotherapy. The findings define chemerin as a critical mediator of the immune response elicited by chemotherapy as well as an important inhibitor of cancer cachexia. Efficient targeting of VEGF signaling within the tumor microenvironment should impede weight loss that is frequently associated with chemotherapy, thereby dramatically improving the therapeutic outcome.
Citation Format: Magali Castells, Ralph Klose, Dagmar Gotthardt, Eva-Maria Putz, Ewelina Krzywinska, Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun, Naima Chikdene, Anna-Katharina Meinecke, Katrin Schroedter, Iris Helfrich, Joachim Fandrey, Veronika Sexl, Christian Stockmann. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells enhances natural killer cell responses to chemotherapy and ameliorates cachexia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A11.
Abstract A15: Mechanisms of CD8+ T cell immunosuppression in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Gruosso Tina , Gigoux Mathieu , Bertos Nicholas , Saleh Sadiq , Omeroglu Atilla , Zuo Dongmei , Zhao Hong , Souleimanova Margarita , Weaver Valerie , Meterissian Sarkis , Hallett Michael , Park Morag 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as tumors lacking expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are especially difficult to treat effectively. While ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes can be treated with Tamoxifen and Herceptin, respectively, there are no targeted therapies for TNBC patients. Furthermore, while only 20-30% of TNBC patients respond to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, overall outcome remains poor for non-responding patients. However, mounting evidence suggests that immune-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies may be especially promising for TNBC patients. We and others have shown that the presence of CD8+ T cells, a crucial component of the cytotoxic arm of the adaptive immune response, is a sign of good clinical outcome in TNBC patients. However, good outcome only correlates with CD8+ T cell invasion of the tumor parenchyma. Here we show that some patients have an accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the surrounding tumor-associated stroma, but not the tumor epithelium, and these patients responded as poorly as patients with no CD8+ T cells at all. Yet how cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a dominant cell type of the tumor-associated stroma, affects CD8+ T cell invasion into the tumor epithelium is still poorly understood.
To identify potential stroma-dependent mechanisms that potentiate or inhibit CD8+ T cells invasion into the tumor epithelium, we performed gene expression profiling of laser-capture microdissected tumor-associated stroma (and matched epithelium) from 56 TNBC cases. Here we identify several key stromal features that may explain the accumulation of CD8+ T cells outside of the tumor epithelium. Preliminary data by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence validate some key stromal features and decipher the implication of other immune cell types in CD8+ T cells lack of tumor epithelium infiltration. These key stromal features that impair CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor in some patients might explain the relative low efficiency of immunotherapies in TNBC patients (20% of patients respond). One could speculate that targeting these key stromal features would allow a significant CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor and thus sensitize patients to immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Tina Gruosso, Mathieu Gigoux, Nicholas Bertos, Sadiq Saleh, Atilla Omeroglu, Dongmei Zuo, Hong Zhao, Margarita Souleimanova, Valerie Weaver, Sarkis Meterissian, Michael Hallett, Morag Park. Mechanisms of CD8+ T cell immunosuppression in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.