bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STM Observation of the Si(111) - (7×7) Reconstructed Surface Modified by Excess Phosphorus Doping
Authors: Siriwardena Hirulak D. , Yamashita Toru , Shimomura Masaru 
Published: October 2017

<span>The electronic properties of semiconductor surfaces change readily upon changing the carrier densities by controlling the dopant concentration. Additionally, excess dopant atoms can exert electric field which would affect the molecular adsorption process and could be used to manipulate the dynamic movement of confined molecules. A mechanism can be developed to control the molecular dynamic movement on modified semiconductor surface by dopants thus changing the effect of the electric field on the active molecules. In this study, the Si(111) surface was doped with phosphorus excessively using thermal diffusion process. The surface was then reconstructed to the 7 × 7 configuration via heating under UHV conditions and then studied through STM and STS techniques. The protrusions due to surface and subsurface P atoms appear brighter due to the lone electron pair. The 7 × 7 reconstruction would be destabilized after a critical P substitution of Si-adatom concentration due to high surface strain result in P-terminated (6√3 × 6√3)</span><em><span>R</span></em><span>30º reconstruction.</span>
Multi-way Array Decomposition on Acoustic Source Separation for Fault Diagnosis of a Motor-Pump System
Authors: Vinaya Anindita Adikaputri , Arifianto Dhany 
Published: October 2017

<span>In this study, we propose a multi-way array decomposition approach to solve the complexity of approximate joint diagonalization process for fault diagnosis of a motor-pump system. Sources used in this study came from drive end-motor, nondrive end-motor , drive end pump , and nondrive end pump. An approximate joint diagonalization is a common approach to resolving an underdetermined cases in blind source separation. However, it has quite heavy computation and requires more complexity. In this study, we use an acoustic emission to detect faults based on multi-way array decomposition approach. Based on the obtained results, the difference types of machinery fault such as misalignment and outer bearing fault can be detected by vibration spectrum and estimated acoustic spectrum. The performance of proposed method is evaluated using MSE and LSD. Based on the results of the separation, the estimated signal of the nondrive end pump is the closest to the baseline signal compared to other signals with LSD is 1.914 and MSE is 0.0707. The instantaneous frequency of the estimated source signal will also be compared with the vibration signal in frequency spectrum to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.</span>
Derivation and validation of a novel bleeding risk score for elderly patients with venous thromboembolism on extended anticoagulation
Authors: Limacher Andreas , Méan Marie , Beer Hans-Jürg , Osterwalder Joseph , Frauchiger Beat , Righini Marc , Aschwanden Markus , Matter Christian , Banyai Martin , Kucher Nils , Staub Daniel , Lämmle Bernhard , Rodondi Nicolas , Squizzato Alessandro , Aujesky Drahomir , Seiler Eva 
Published: October 2017

SummaryExisting clinical scores do not perform well in predicting bleeding in elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to derive an easy-to-use clinical score to help physicians identify elderly patients with VTE who are at high-risk of bleeding during extended anticoagulation (>3 months). Our derivation sample included 743 patients aged ≥65 years with VTE who were enrolled in a prospective multicenter cohort study. All patients received extended anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists. We derived our score using competing risk regression, with the time to a first major bleeding up to 36 months of extended anticoagulation as the outcome, and 17 candidate variables as predictors. We used bootstrapping methods for internal validation. Sixty-six (9%) patients suffered major bleeding. The clinical score is based on seven clinical factors (previous bleeding, active cancer, low physical activity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, antiplatelet drugs/NSAIDs, and poor INR control). Overall, 48% of patients were classified as low-risk, 37% as moderate-risk, and 15% as high-risk of bleeding. The rate of major bleeding was 1.4 events in low-risk, 5.0 events in moderate-risk, and 12.2 events per 100 patientyears in high-risk patients. The c-statistic was 0.78 at 3 months and 0.71 at 36 months of extended anticoagulation. Model calibration was excellent (p=0.93). Internal validation showed similar results. This simple clinical score accurately identified elderly patients with VTE who are at high risk of major bleeding and who may not benefit from extended anticoagulation. Further validation of the score is important before its implementation into practice. The study is registered to https://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00973596.This work was carried out at the Department of General Internal Medicine in the Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and the Risk Stratification of Patients With Renal Impairment Presenting With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Miller-Hodges Eve , Anand Atul , Shah Anoop S.V. , Chapman Andrew R. , Gallacher Peter , Lee Kuan Ken , Farrah Tariq , Halbesma Nynke , Blackmur James P. , Newby David E. , Mills Nicholas L. , Dhaun Neeraj 
Published: October 2017

Background:
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin testing may improve the risk stratification and diagnosis of myocardial infarction, but concentrations can be challenging to interpret in patients with renal impairment, and the effectiveness of testing in this group is uncertain.

Methods:

In a prospective multicenter study of consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, we evaluated the performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in those with and without renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60mL/min/1.73m
2
). The negative predictive value and sensitivity of troponin concentrations below the risk stratification threshold (5 ng/L) at presentation were reported for a primary outcome of index type 1 myocardial infarction, or type 1 myocardial infarction or cardiac death at 30 days. The positive predictive value and specificity at the 99th centile diagnostic threshold (16 ng/L in women, 34 ng/L in men) was determined for index type 1 myocardial infarction. Subsequent type 1 myocardial infarction and cardiac death were reported at 1 year.

Results:

Of 4726 patients identified, 904 (19%) had renal impairment. Troponin concentrations <5 ng/L at presentation identified 17% of patients with renal impairment as low risk for the primary outcome (negative predictive value, 98.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 96.0%–99.7%; sensitivity 98.9%; 95%CI, 97.5%–99.9%), in comparison with 56% without renal impairment (
P
<0.001) with similar performance (negative predictive value, 99.7%; 95% CI, 99.4%–99.9%; sensitivity 98.4%; 95% CI, 97.2%–99.4%). The positive predictive value and specificity at the 99th centile were lower in patients with renal impairment at 50.0% (95% CI, 45.2%–54.8%) and 70.9% (95% CI, 67.5%–74.2%), respectively, in comparison with 62.4% (95% CI, 58.8%–65.9%) and 92.1% (95% CI, 91.2%–93.0%) in those without. At 1 year, patients with troponin concentrations >99th centile and renal impairment were at greater risk of subsequent myocardial infarction or cardiac death than those with normal renal function (24% versus 10%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.54–3.11).

Conclusions:
In suspected acute coronary syndrome, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin identified fewer patients with renal impairment as low risk and more as high risk, but with lower specificity for type 1 myocardial infarction. Irrespective of diagnosis, patients with renal impairment and elevated cardiac troponin concentrations had a 2-fold greater risk of a major cardiac event than those with normal renal function, and should be considered for further investigation and treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01852123.
Dispatch of Firefighters and Police Officers in Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Trial Using Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Hasselqvist‐Ax Ingela , Nordberg Per , Herlitz Johan , Svensson Leif , Jonsson Martin , Lindqvist Jonny , Ringh Mattias , Claesson Andreas , Björklund Johan , Andersson Jan‐Otto , Ericson Caroline , Lindblad Pär , Engerström Lars , Rosenqvist Mårten , Hollenberg Jacob 
Published: October 2017

Background

Dispatch of basic life support–trained first responders equipped with automated external defibrillators in addition to advanced life support–trained emergency medical services personnel in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
) has, in some minor cohort studies, been associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between
basic life support
plus
advanced life support
response and survival in
OHCA
at a national level.

Methods and Results

This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014.
People who experienced OHCA
in 9 Swedish counties covered by
basic life support
plus
advanced life support
response were compared with a propensity‐matched contemporary control group of
people who experienced OHCA
in 12 counties where only
emergency medical services
was dispatched, providing
advanced life support
. Primary outcome was survival to 30 days. The analytic sample consisted of 2786 pairs (n=5572) derived from the total cohort of 7308 complete cases. The median time from emergency call to arrival of
emergency medical services
or first responder was 9 minutes in the intervention group versus 10 minutes in the controls (
P
<0.001). The proportion of patients admitted alive to the hospital after resuscitation was 31.4% (875/2786) in the intervention group versus 24.9% (694/2786) in the controls (conditional
odds ratio,
1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.57). Thirty‐day survival was 9.5% (266/2786) in the intervention group versus 7.7% (214/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio
,
1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.54).

Conclusions

In this nationwide interventional trial, using propensity score matching, dispatch of first responders in addition to
emergency medical services
in
OHCA
was associated with a moderate, but significant, increase in 30‐day survival.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02184468.
Return to Work and Risk of Subsequent Detachment From Employment After Myocardial Infarction: Insights From Danish Nationwide Registries
Authors: Smedegaard Laerke , Numé Anna‐Karin , Charlot Mette , Kragholm Kristian , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Peter R. 
Published: October 2017

Background

Limited data are available on return to work and subsequent detachment from employment after admission for myocardial infarction (
MI
).

Methods and Results

Using individual‐level linkage of data from nationwide registries, we identified patients of working age (30–65 years) discharged after first‐time
MI
in the period 1997 to 2012, who were employed before admission. To assess the cumulative incidence of return to work and detachment from employment, the Aalen Johansen estimator was used. Incidences were compared with population controls matched on age and sex. Logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios for associations between detachment from employment and age, sex, comorbidities, income, and education level. Of 39 296 patients of working age discharged after first‐time
MI
, 22 394 (56.9%) were employed before admission. Within 1 year 91.1% (95% confidence interval [
CI
], 90.7%–91.5%) of subjects had returned to work, but 1 year after their return 24.2% (95%
CI
, 23.6%–24.8%) were detached from employment and received social benefits. Detachment rates were highest in patients aged 60 to 65 and 30 to 39 years, and significantly higher in patients with
MI
compared with population controls. Predictors of detachment were heart failure (odds ratio 1.20 [95%
CI
, 1.08–1.34]), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 1.13 [95%
CI
, 1.01–1.25]), and depression (odds ratio 1.77 [95%
CI
, 1.55–2.01]). High education level and high income favored continued employment.

Conclusions

Despite that most patients returned to work after first‐time
MI
, about 1 in 4 was detached from employment after 1 year. Several factors including age and lower socioeconomic status were associated with risk of detachment from employment.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Longidorus juglans sp. nov. and a sister species L. fangi Xu & Cheng, 1991 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from China
Authors: Xu Yumei , Guo Kai , Ye Weimin , Wang Jianming , Zheng Jingwu , Zhao Zengqi 
Published: October 2017

Longidorus juglanssp. nov. is a new needle nematode detected from the rhizosphere of a walnut tree in Shanxi Province, P.R. China. It was distinguished by female body length of 3.9-5.2 mm; lip region 14-18 μm wide, rounded and continuous, amphidial fovea pocket-shaped without distinct basal lobes; moderately long odontostyle (125-140 μm); guide ring at mid-odontostyle and situated 69-78 μm from anterior end; short and blunt conoid tail (30-41 μm long, c = 118-147, c′ = 0.6-0.9), bearing 2-3 caudal pores on each side. The male ofL. juglanssp. nov. is 5.1 mm long, with 13 ventro-median supplements, a short and blunt conoid tail bearing 3-4 caudal pores on each side, and spicules 73 μm long. Three developmental juvenile stages were recognised. This new species is very similar to another Chinese speciesL. fangiin general morphology, but can be distinguished by the number of juvenile stages and DNA sequences of SSU, ITS1, ITS2 and D2-D3 of LSU rDNA. Morphological and molecular characterisation was provided forL. fangirepresenting two new geographical records. The phylogenetic relationships among these species were analysed using data from SSU, D2-D3 of LSU, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, which revealed thatL. juglanssp. nov. andL. fangiwere clustered together withL. diadecturus,L. litchiiandL. jonesiwhose guide ring is located at mid-odontostyle level.
Decadal Change of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon Break around 2002/03
Authors: Xu Ke , Lu Riyu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A significant decadal change is detected in the break of the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) around 2002/03. For the period 1979–2002, the monsoon break occurs in early August, accompanied by noticeable convection suppression over the ocean to the east of the Mariana Islands (10°–20°N, 140°–160°E). However, for the period 2003–11, the monsoon break there is delayed until mid-August. This decadal change is attributable to the differences in the evolution of the WNPSM. Over this break region, convection becomes weaker after its peak in late July for the former period, and the monsoon break appears in early August. In contrast, for the latter period, convection continues strengthening in late July and reaches its peak in early August, and the monsoon break is delayed until mid-August. The differences in the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the western Pacific warm pool region are responsible for the decadal change in the evolution of the WNPSM. In contrast to the former period, for the latter period the southern extent of the warm pool is remarkably warmed, and tends to be higher than the northern extent in mid- and late July, which enhances atmospheric convection nearby but inhibits the development of convection over the northern extent through a local meridional circulation. As the SST in the northern extent continues warming and becomes higher than that in the southern extent, the convection over the northern extent reaches its maximum intensification in early August. The presented results highlight that the spatial pattern of SST changes can modulate the subseasonal evolution of the WNPSM.
Statistical Deterministic and Ensemble Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Australian Region
Authors: Goebbert Kevin H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Statistical seasonal prediction of tropical cyclones (TCs) has been ongoing for quite some time in many different ocean basins across the world. While a few basins (e.g., North Atlantic and western North Pacific) have been extensively studied and forecasted for many years, Southern Hemispheric TCs have been less frequently studied and generally grouped as a whole or into two primary basins: southern Indian Ocean and Australian. This paper investigates the predictability of TCs in the northwest Australian (NWAUS) basin of the southeast Indian Ocean (105°–135°E) and describes two statistical approaches to the seasonal prediction of TC frequency, TC days, and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). The first approach is a traditional deterministic seasonal prediction using predictors identified from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis fields using multiple linear regression. The second is a 100-member statistical ensemble approach with the same predictors as the deterministic model but with a resampling of the dataset with replacement and smearing input values to generate slightly different coefficients in the multiple linear regression prediction equations. Both the deterministic and ensemble schemes provide valuable forecasts that are better than climatological forecasts. The ensemble approach outperforms the deterministic model as well as adding quantitative uncertainty that reflects the predictability of a given TC season.
Allocating Attention to Detect Motorcycles: The Role of Inattentional Blindness
Authors: Pammer Kristen , Sabadas Stephanie , Lentern Stephanie 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To determine whether inattentional blindness (IB) can be used to understand the psychological mechanisms around looked-but-failed-to-see (LBFTS) crashes involving motorcycles Background: IB occurs when an observer looks directly at an object yet fails to see it, thus LBFTS crashes may be a real-world example of IB. The study tests a perceptual cycle model in which motorcycles are detected less frequently because they fall lower on the attentional hierarchy for driving. Method: A driving-related IB task with photographs of driving situations investigated whether an additional stimulus, a taxi or motorcycle, would be more likely to be missed by participants. In Experiments 2 and 3, the “threat value” of objects in the scene were varied to determine the degree to which this influences participants’ tendency to notice motorcycles. Results: Participants were twice as likely to miss a motorcycle compared with a taxi. Moreover, participants reported that they would expect to miss a motorcycle on the road. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants modulated their attention to accommodate motorcycles when necessary, suggesting that motorcycles are afforded the lowest level of attentional bandwidth. Conclusion: Inattentional blindness forms a good psychological framework for understanding LBFTS crashes, particularly in the context of attentional set, such that LBFTS crashes occur because motorcycles do not feature strongly in a typical driver’s attentional set for driving. Application: The findings here are important because LBFTS crashes can be reduced if we can change the expectations of road users around the presence of motorcycles on the road.
Breastfeeding Duration and Adolescent Educational Outcomes: Longitudinal Evidence From India
Authors: Nandi Arindam , Lutter Randall , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: October 2017

Objective: There is a significant evidence gap on the long-term educational benefits of longer breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated the association between duration of (any) breastfeeding and educational outcomes of Indian children. Methods: We used regression analysis to examine the association between the length of breastfeeding (in months) and future education outcomes on the basis of 2 data sets: (1) data from a follow-up survey known as the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS, 2003-2005) of 1165 children aged 13 to 18 years from a controlled nutrition trial originally conducted in South India during the period of 1987 to 1990; and (2) nationally representative data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS-2, 2011-2012) of 6121 children aged 6 to 12 years. Results: In APCAPS, children with >36 months of breastfeeding scored 0.28 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.00-0.56; P < .05) higher on tests than those with up to 12 months of breastfeeding. In the nationally representative IHDS-2 data, above-median breastfeeding duration was associated with 0.1 year (95% CI: 0.04-0.16; P < .01) higher educational attainment. In IHDS-2, >12 to 24 months and >24 months of breastfeeding were associated with 0.12 (95% CI: 0.01-0.23; P < .05) and 0.19 years of (95% CI: 0.05-0.34; P < .05) higher educational attainment, respectively, than for those with up to 6 months of breastfeeding. In additional analyses by sex, we found that the benefits of breastfeeding accrued primarily to boys. Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration was associated with small gains in educational outcomes for boys but not for girls in India.
Essential Training, Resources, and Skills of First-Year and Junior Pharmacy Practice Faculty Needed in the Development of an Individual Research Program
Authors: Zimmermann Anthony E. , Thomas Michael C. 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To describe types of current training/support received and elicit opinions on the level of importance of specific skills and resources needed to build confidence in conducting research for early-career pharmacy practice faculty. Methods: A survey instrument regarding available resources, levels of importance of resources, and skills needed to improve research confidence was sent to all new early-career practice faculty members with 3 or less years of experience in academia at 129 US colleges and schools of pharmacy. Results: Few respondents indicated a formal research training existed at their institution. Overall, a majority of respondents identified at least 14 specific developmental areas as moderately to very important in building confidence. Over 75% of respondents rated 15 basic skills as moderately to very important in successfully starting an individual research program. Conclusion: Although different types of research training programs are available, confidence in conducting research in both informal and formal ones is low. Both groups of respondents identified similar important developmental research areas that would increase their confidence and skills in achieving their early research goals.