bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon‐Based Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Kanaujia Pawan K. , Singh Ajay , Vijaya Prakash G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA nanocomposite consisting of a unique combination of optically active materials, that is, an inorganic–organic (IO) layered hybrid and porous silicon (PS), is prepared using a simple but effective three‐step electrochemical method. X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectral analysis suggest that the IO hybrid (R‐MX4‐type 2D perovskite, where R represents an organic compound, M a divalent metal ion, and X a halide) is conveniently incorporated into the interstitial spaces of nanoporous silicon. The IO‐based 2D perovskite emits a strong and narrow room‐temperature exciton line at 520 nm due to effects related to dielectric confinement. Similarly, n‐type porous silicon emits in a broad range in the deep‐red region at 700 nm, which is attributable to the quantum confinement effects related to the nanoporosity in silicon. Because of the contributions from both entities, the completely space‐filled IO–PS nanocomposite shows an orange–yellow emission. The proposed methodology can be easily extended to a large number of such IO–PS functional nanocomposites and is thus expected to be used in optoelectronic applications such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and other optical elements.
Long‐term incidence of hysterectomy following endometrial resection or endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Kalampokas Emmanouil , McRobbie Sarah , Payne Fiona , Parkin David E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of hysterectomy following endometrial resection or endometrial ablation (ERA).MethodsThe present retrospective study enrolled women who underwent ERA for benign heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK, between February 1, 1990, and December 31, 1997; follow‐up data to the end of 2015 were included from the pathology laboratory report system from the single pathology laboratory in the region. Data were compared between patients who did or did not require a hysterectomy after ERA.ResultsThere were 901 patients who underwent ERA for HMB during the study period. The mean age of patients was 42.3 ± 5.7 years; of the patients included, 206 (22.9%) women underwent hysterectomy and these patients had a mean age of 40.1 years. Of the patients who had hysterectomies, 155 (75.2%) did so in the first 5 years following ERA, 31 (15.0%) did within 6–10 years, 11 (5.3%) did within 11–15 years, and 9 (4.4%) did within 16–20 years. In total, 51 (24.8%) of these patients had hysterectomies within 6–25 years of ERA.ConclusionsA significant majority of women who underwent ERA for HMB did not require hysterectomy up to 25 years after the procedure.
Differential expression of PARK2 splice isoforms in an in vitro model of dopaminergic‐like neurons exposed to toxic insults mimicking Parkinson's disease
Authors: La Cognata Valentina , Maugeri Grazia , D'Amico Agata Grazia , Saccone Salvatore , Federico Concetta , Cavallaro Sebastiano , D'Agata Velia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMutations in PARK2 (or parkin) are responsible for 50% of cases of autosomal‐recessive juvenile‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, 21 alternative splice variants of the human gene have been cloned. Yet most studies have focused on the full‐length protein, whereas the spectrum of the parkin isoforms expressed in PD has never been investigated. In this study, the role of parkin proteins in PD neurodegeneration was explored for the first time by analyzing their expression profile in an in vitro model of PD. To do so, undifferentiated and all‐trans‐retinoic‐acid (RA)‐differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells (which thereby acquire a PD‐like phenotype) were exposed to PD‐mimicking neurotoxins: 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) are widely used in PD models, whereas carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and carbobenzoxy‐Leu‐Leu‐leucinal (MG132) interfere, respectively, with mitochondrial mitophagy and proteasomal degradation. Following treatment with each neurotoxin H1, the first parkin isoform to be cloned, was down‐regulated compared to the respective controls both in undifferentiated and RA‐differentiated cells. In contrast, the expression pattern of the minor splice isoforms varied as a function of the compound used: it was largely unchanged in both cell cultures (eg, H21‐H6, H12, XP isoform) or it showed virtually opposite alterations in undifferentiated and RA‐differentiated cells (eg, H20 and H3 isoform). This complex picture suggests that up‐ or down‐regulation may be a direct effect of toxin exposure, and that the different isoforms may exert different actions in neurodegeneration via modulation of different molecular pathways.
Shape analysis of the jaws between two minnow species over ontogeny
Authors: Gerth Colby J. , Maia Anabela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study compares sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) and silverjaw (Ericymba buccata) minnows, in terms of the morphological shape changes of the upper, lower, and pharyngeal jaws over ontogeny. These two species of minnows initially feed on midge larvae and undergo an ontogenic prey shift. The traditional morphometrics measured—total length, snout‐to‐vent length, eye diameter, premaxilla length, lower jaw length, gape—were regressed onto total length to test for allometry. Digital pictures were processed with tpsDig and further analyzed with MorphoJ utilizing a regular geometric morphometrics procedure using principle component analyses. We examined gut contents for 16 fish of each species. For the silverjaw minnows, we found all jaw variables to exhibit positive allometric growth with increasing total length, while most of the jaw variables for the sand shiner exhibited negative allometric growth with increasing total length. This correlates with an ontogenic prey shift for both species. Sand shiner minnows have been found to be more omnivorous, feeding on algae later in life, while silverjaw minnows undergo a prey shift to larger invertebrates. These species lack oral dentition causing an increased reliance on the pharyngeal apparatus. Principle component analyses revealed elongation of pharyngeal jaw elements in the silverjaw minnows and a relative shortening and bulking of pharyngeal jaws in the sand shiner minnows. The ontogenic dietary shifts observed in these two species provide possible explanation for the morphological changes over ontogeny in jaw elements, which are likely enabling these species to occupy the same habitat with little niche overlap.
Alterations in structural macromolecules and chondrocyte deformations in lapine retropatellar cartilage 9 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection
Authors: Han Sang‐Kuy , Ronkainen Ari P. , Saarakkala Simo , Rieppo Lassi , Herzog Walter , Korhonen Rami K 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe structural integrity and mechanical environment of the articular cartilage matrix directly affect chondrocyte deformations. Rabbit models of early osteoarthritis at 9 weeks following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) have been shown to alter the deformation behavior of superficial zone chondrocytes in mechanically loaded articular cartilage. However, it is not fully understood whether these changes in cell mechanics are caused by changes in structural macromolecules in the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the proteoglycan content, collagen content, and collagen orientation at 9 weeks post ACLT using microscopic techniques, and relate these changes to the altered cell mechanics observed upon mechanical loading of cartilage. At 9 weeks following ACLT, collagen orientation was significantly (p < 0.05) altered and proteoglycan content was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the superficial zone cartilage matrix. These structural changes either in the extracellular or pericellular matrix (ECM and PCM) were also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with chondrocyte width and height changes, thereby suggesting that chondrocyte deformation response to mechanical compression in early OA changes primarily because of alterations in matrix structure. However, compared to the normal group, proteoglycan content in the PCM from the ACLT group decreased less than that in the surrounding ECM. Therefore, PCM could play a key role to protect excessive chondrocyte deformations in the ACLT group. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:342–350, 2018.
Consumption of intentional food subsidies by a hunted carnivore
Authors: Kirby Rebecca , Macfarland David M. , Pauli Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWildlife consumption of human foods is common and these subsidies can alter a species’ behavior, demography, and interspecific interactions, and lead to conflicts with humans. Intentional food subsidies, including feeding or baiting of wildlife for viewing or hunting, can represent a large energy source. We studied consumption of bait for an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population in northern Wisconsin. Given the state's liberal baiting regulations, we hypothesized that bear baits would be highly available, and that bears would readily consume such baits within a hunting season. We documented the abundance of bear bait on forestlands, and quantified the diets of harvested black bears using stable isotopes and Bayesian mixing models to determine the relative contribution of human foods to individual and population diets. Baits occurred at ≥0.25 bait stations/km2 on public lands, and bears (n = 180) were subsidized by these baits, which contributed to >40% of their diet. Our analysis of multiple tissue types with different turnover rates revealed that harvested bears were relying on subsidies throughout their lifetimes. Patterns of bait consumption were primarily influenced by age‐sex class; adult males were the most reliant on human foods, followed by adult females. We found a high level of food subsidization in this bear population. We posit that the high density of bears in northern Wisconsin may be partly due to subsidies. Our results reveal how baits used for hunting can become an important resource for free‐ranging bears and highlight the importance of considering potential consequences when bait is used in harvest management. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Treatment disparities in the management of epistaxis in United States emergency departments
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Abt Nicholas B. , Bergmark Regan , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThere is limited data on epistaxis presentation and management patterns in U.S. emergency departments (EDs). We aim to characterize patients who present to the ED with epistaxis and identify factors associated with nasal‐packing use.Study DesignRetrospective review of Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from 2009 to 2011.MethodsNEDS was queried for patient visits with a primary diagnosis of epistaxis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 784.7). Patient demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics were obtained. Predictors of nasal packing were determined by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThere were 1,234,267 ED visits for epistaxis. The highest proportion of patients were seen in the winter (37.2%) at nontrauma hospitals (76.9%), and were discharged home (95.5%). Fifteen percent of patients were on long‐term anticoagulation, 33% had hypertension, and 0.9% had a coagulopathy. Nasal packing was utilized in 243,268 patients (19.7%). Predictors strongly associated with nasal packing included lower socioeconomic quartile (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.53), hospital located in the geographic South (OR 1.62, CI = 1.12–2.34) and Midwest (OR 1.85, P < 0.0001), and nontrauma hospital (OR 1.56, CI = 1.19–2.05). Other factors included long‐term anticoagulation (OR 1.21, CI = 1.10–1.33), winter season (OR 1.20, CI = 1.12–1.23), male gender (OR 1.14, CI = 1.10–1.17), and older age (OR 1.01, CI = 1.01–1.02). Mean ED charge was greater for patients who were packed ($1,473 vs. $1,048, P < 0.0001).ConclusionSeveral factors, including lower socioeconomic status, geographic location, and nontrauma hospital designation, predict use of nasal packing. These results raise concerns about potential treatment disparities that may result in increased patient morbidity and costs.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 128:356–362, 2018
Early versus late inpatient awake transcervical injection laryngoplasty after thoracic aortic repair
Authors: Chen Diane W. , Price Matt D. , LeMaire Scott A. , Coselli Joseph S. , Liou N. Eddie , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundVocal fold movement impairment (VFMI), a known complication following thoracic aortic surgery, has been associated with poorer surgical outcomes, including higher pulmonary complications and longer length of stay (LOS). Awake transcervical injection laryngoplasty in the inpatient setting serves to augment pulmonary toilet function for affected patients. This study investigates clinical outcomes of patients who underwent early versus late injection laryngoplasty following aortic surgery.MethodsA 5‐year review (2011–2016) of 35 patients who underwent inpatient injection laryngoplasty for VFMI following aortic repair was conducted. Data included demographics, surgery parameters, laryngologic evaluation, pulmonary complications, LOS, and mortality. Early injection was defined as within 5 days from extubation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 17.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).ResultsAll 35 patients (mean age 56, 77% male) underwent left vocal‐fold injection laryngoplasty without complication. There were 15 (43%) early procedures and 20 (57%) late procedures. Mean LOS for early and late injection groups (13 vs. 20 days, respectively) significantly differed (P = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3 to 14.4). Early laryngoplasty cohorts experienced less pulmonary complications (20%) than those who had late medialization (50%), but this did not reach significance (P = 0.06, 95% CI −0.3 to 8.1). The most common complication type in both groups was therapeutic bronchoscopy.ConclusionEarly awake injection laryngoplasty within 5 days from extubation is feasible and may improve clinical outcomes for patients with VFMI following aortic repair. Further prospective studies on this approach for VFMI after thoracic surgery are needed.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:144–147, 2018
Investigation of polymer–solvent interactions in poly(styrene sulfonate) thin films
Authors: Ferrell William H. , Kushner Douglas I. , Hickner Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe swelling behavior of acid form poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS‐H) thin films were investigated using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) to probe the polymer–solvent interactions of ion‐containing polymers under interfacial confinement. The interaction parameter (χ), related to the polymer and solvent solubility parameters in the Flory–Huggins theory, describes the polymer‐solvent compatibility. In situ SE was used to measure the degree of polymer swelling in various solvent vapor environments, to determine χ for the solvent‐PSS‐H system. The calculated solubility parameter of 40–44 MPa1/2 for PSS‐H was determined through measured χ values in water, methanol, and formamide environments at a solvent vapor activity of 0.95. Flory–Huggins theory was applied to describe the thickness‐dependent swelling of PSS‐H and to quantify the water‐PSS‐H interactions. Confinement had a significant influence on polymer swelling at low water vapor activities expressed as an increased χ between the water and polymer with decreasing film thickness. As the volume fraction of water approached ∼0.3, the measured χ value was ∼0.65, indicating the water interacted with the polymer in a similar manner, regardless of thicknesses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1365–1372
Identification of Substituted 1H‐Indazoles as Potent Inhibitors for Immunosuppressive Enzyme Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1
Authors: Pradhan Nirmalya , Paul Saurav , Deka Suman Jyoti , Roy Ashalata , Trivedi Vishal , Manna Debasis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOverexpression of the immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is associated with poor prognosis of patients for a wide range of malignancies. IDO1 is a validated target for the treatment of diseases that are associated with immune suppression, including cancer. In this report, we described the synthesis of a series of C3‐ substituted 1H‐indazoles. Activity studies of IDO1 enzyme assisted to the identification of 3‐carbohydrazide derivatives of 1H‐indazoles, 5 a and 5 d (IC50=720 and 770 nM, respectively) as potent inhibitors with negligible cytotoxicity. Moderate selectivity of these potent compounds for IDO1 enzyme over tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase enzyme (17‐25 fold) also suggest that these heterocyclic compounds are attractive molecules for immunotherapeutic applications.
Influence of Acidic Property on Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in Dehydration of Glycerol
Authors: Suganuma Satoshi , Hisazumi Takuya , Taruya Kohtaro , Tsuji Etsushi , Katada Naonobu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present work considers the relationship between the acidic properties and catalytic activity of non‐zeolitic oxides and zeolites in glycerol dehydration. The acidic properties of the catalysts were characterized by a method of NH3 infrared‐mass spectroscopy/temperature‐programmed desorption. This revealed the amounts of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the Brønsted acid strength. Brønsted acid sites are more active in glycerol dehydration than Lewis acid sites. The acid strength generally increased with glycerol conversion, but the acid sites on mordenite zeolite were so strong that the activity declined. The selectivity to acrolein showed more improvement on Brønsted acid sites than on Lewis acid sites. Lewis acid sites were moderately effective active sites in the formation of acrolein and acetol. Sodium cations deactivated Brønsted acid sites but did not influence the catalytic performance of Lewis acid sites in this reaction. In this study, high‐silica ZSM‐5 zeolite exhibited considerably higher catalytic activity and acrolein selectivity than non‐zeolitic oxides and other zeolites.
Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer and Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Polkam Naveen , Kummari Bhaskar , Rayam Parsharamulu , Brahma Umarani , Ganga Modi Naidu Vegi , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Anireddy Jaya Shree 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of regioisomeric (2,5‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, veratric acid) analogues were prepared by swapping the carboxylic motif to its oxadiazole bioisostere and have been screened for in vitro anticancer studies by using MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. All of them were well characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Among the screened compounds, 9 i (2‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) demonstrated superior activity against MDA231 cells. Products 9 i displayed excellent activity against DU145, HCT15 and 10 i (2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) against MDA231 cells. Structure of 10 c (2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) was further authenticated through single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Analogue 9 i have come out to be the best anticancer and antimycobacterial agent.
In Situ Assembly, De‐Metalation and Induced Repair of a Copper‐Polyoxovanadate Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Kastner Katharina , Lechner Manuel , Weber Stefan , Streb Carsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) offer a rich dynamic solution chemistry so that in principle, the assembly and repair of POM oxidation catalysts in situ, i. e. under catalytic conditions, is possible. Here, we report the oxidative activity of a molecular copper vanadium oxide cluster [(Me2NH2)Cu(MeCN)V12O32Cl]2−: the catalyst self‐assembles by reaction of CuII and [(Me2NH2)2V12O32Cl]3− in solution and selectively oxidizes secondary alcohols (here: 1‐phenylethanol) to the corresponding ketones in near quantitative yield. The catalyst can be deactivated in solution by removal of the CuII site from the catalyst. Subsequent catalyst re‐assembly is achieved by addition of CuII ions, leading to the recovery of the catalytic activity. The system might serve as molecular model to study repair mechanism in POM catalysts with relevance for “green” oxidation processes.
Assessment of clinical application of pulse oximetry probes in llamas and alpacas
Authors: Grubb Tamara L. , Anderson David E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe placement and accuracy of pulse oximeter probes can vary markedly among species. For our study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of pulse oximetry and to determine the most clinically useful sites for probe placement in llamas and alpacas. The objectives included an analysis of pulse oximetry probes for accurate assessment of llamas and alpacas and to determine the best placement of the probes to achieve accurate readings. For study 1, saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen was measured in 184 arterial blood gas samples (SaO2) using a co‐oximeter and compared to saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen simultaneously measured using a pulse oximeter (SpO2). The bias and precision for the SpO2‐SaO2difference was calculated and plotted on a Bland‐Altman plot. For study 2, SpO2data was collected 624 times from a variety of sites [tongue (T), nasal septum (NS), lip (L), vulva (V), prepuce (P), ear (E), and scrotum (S)] and recorded based upon a percentage of successful readings. Results for study 1 revealed that SpO2was consistently 0 to −6% points different than SaO2. The bias and precision of the SpO2–SaO2difference was −2.6 ± 1.7%. Results for study 2 uncovered that 540 recordings were successful readings and were obtained from the tongue and nasal septum with 97% accuracy, the lip 80%, vulva 62%, prepuce 59%, ear and scrotum < 50%. We concluded that pulse oximetry probes provide reliable estimates of arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation in llamas and alpacas and is most accurately read when placed on the nasal septum or tongue.
Genome-wide association analysis for lodging tolerance and plant height in a diverse European hexaploid oat collection
Authors: Tumino Giorgio , Voorrips Roeland E. , Morcia Caterina , Ghizzoni Roberta , Germeier Christoph U. , Paulo Maria-João , Terzi Valeria , Smulders Marinus J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSensitivity to lodging of oat varieties has been reduced in the last decades through the introduction of dwarfing genes. However, lodging may still cause significant yield loss, underscoring the need for new oat varieties with higher levels of lodging tolerance. In the present study, we analysed lodging and plant height in a collection of European oat accessions including landraces, old and modern varieties, in order to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for identifying markers associated to lodging tolerance. This collection has been recently genotyped by the Infinium 6K SNP array for oat and SNP data were analysed as continuous intensity ratios, rather than as discrete genotypes (Tumino et al. 2016, Theor Appl Genet 129, pp. 1711–1724). Phenotypes for lodging severity, plant height and growth habit were collected under natural conditions in eight European countries. Plant height correlated to lodging severity as previously observed in many studies, explaining about 30% of lodging variation. GWAS analyses detected six significant associations for lodging and two for plant height. These results indicate that GWAS can successfully be used for identifying markers associated to lodging in oat, even though lodging is a quantitative trait influenced by several plant characteristics.