bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of dairy protein during limb immobilization and recovery on muscle size and protein synthesis; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mitchell Cameron J. , D’Souza Randall F. , Mitchell Sarah M. , Figueiredo Vandre C. , Miller Benjamin F. , Hamilton Karyn L. , Peelor Fredrick F. , Coronet Marcelli , Pileggi Chantal A. , Durainayagam Brenan , Fanning Aaron C. , Poppitt Sally D. , Cameron-Smith David 
Published: November 2017

Muscle disuse results in the loss of muscular strength and size, due to an imbalance between protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB). Protein ingestion stimulates MPS, although it is not established if protein is able to attenuate muscle loss with immobilization (IM) or influence the recovery consisting of ambulatory movement followed by resistance training (RT). Thirty men (49.9 ± 0.6 yr) underwent 14 days of unilateral leg IM, 14 days of ambulatory recovery (AR), and a further six RT sessions over 14 days. Participants were randomized to consume an additional 20 g of dairy protein or placebo with a meal during the intervention. Isometric knee extension strength was reduced following IM (−24.7 ± 2.7%), partially recovered with AR (−8.6 ± 2.6%), and fully recovered after RT (−0.6 ± 3.4%), with no effect of supplementation. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area decreased with IM (−4.1 ± 0.5%), partially recovered with AR (−2.1 ± 0.5%), and increased above baseline with RT (+2.2 ± 0.5%), with no treatment effect. Myofibrillar MPS, measured using deuterated water, was unaltered by IM, with no effect of protein. During AR, MPS was increased only with protein supplementation. Protein supplementation did not attenuate the loss of muscle size and function with disuse or potentiate recovery but enhanced myofibrillar MPS during AR. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Twenty grams of daily protein supplementation does not attenuate the loss of muscle size and function induced by 2 wk of muscle disuse or potentiate recovery in middle-age men. Average mitochondrial but not myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis was attenuated during immobilization with no effect of supplementation. Protein supplementation increased myofibrillar protein synthesis during a 2-wk period of ambulatory recovery following disuse but without group differences in phenotype recovery.
Network Building Strategy and Adaptation to New Models of Commerce: An Analysis of Japan’s Trucking Industry
Authors: Sugie Ryosuke , Park Kihyun , Haney Mark , Park Young Won 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of four key players in the Japanese trucking industry, Nippon Express, Fukuyama Transporting, Yamato Transport, and Sagawa Express, in order to address the question of how the sources of competitive advantage in the logistics area are changing in the face of a new global commerce model enabled by technology and characterized by an increasing number of direct-to-consumer transactions. The analysis concludes that, while efficiency remains an important success factor, network building capability and innovative partnerships are the dominant factors leading to sales, market share, and profitability in the contemporary Japanese trucking industry. Firms with the ability to build wide-reaching networks, to augment those networks through innovative partnerships, and thus fill structural holes for parties wishing to engage in business transactions have the greatest chance of success in the industry.
Naǧīb al-Kīlānī and the Islamic Storyteller
Authors: al-Khawaldeh Samira 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Naǧīb al-Kīlānī is an Egyptian novelist and theorist whose work acquires more importance by virtue of its unique position as a literary manifestation of the thought and worldview of the Society of the Muslim Brotherhood. To embark on such a writing career in Egypt at mid-twentieth century meant first the antagonisation of certain power centers, leading to political jail, and ultimate diaspora; and second addressing the task of transforming the rudimentary conjecturing about an Islamic theory of art into a somewhat systematic form of theorization. The study thus aims to investigate al-Kīlānī’s contribution to the foundation of a theory of Islamic novel, focusing on his approach to the dilemmas and ambiguities surrounding the role of the modern Islamic novelist such as maintaining the intricate balance between the demands of religion and the freedom of art.
A Numerical Investigation of the Potential Effects of Aerosol-Induced Warming and Updraft Width and Slope on Updraft Intensity in Deep Convective Clouds
Authors: Lebo Zachary 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The effects of aerosol perturbations on deep convective clouds have received considerable attention in the recent literature, especially from a modeling perspective. The published responses in precipitation amount and updraft strength vary in both sign and magnitude and may be the result of different models and parameterizations. Here, a simple numerical framework is employed to determine the potential effects of warming both below the freezing level (warm invigoration) and above the freezing level (mixed-phase invigoration) due to increased aerosol loading. The role of updraft width and slope in the same framework is also examined, highlighting the relative importance of each factor on the resulting updraft strength. The results show that the potential effects of warm invigoration are 2–3 times larger than for mixed-phase invigoration. However, a relatively small response in updraft velocity to warming is found, especially in comparison with the predicted changes in updraft velocity due to small differences in system slope and width, with 87.7% and 96.4% of the subadiabatic and adiabatic realizations, respectively, showing changes in updraft velocity of less than 15% for warmings of no more than 2°C. This result suggests that observations of the aerosol effect will be largely muddled by the natural variability of convective updraft width and slope (which are related to environmental wind shear).
The Impact of a Stochastically Perturbing Microphysics Scheme on an Idealized Supercell Storm
Authors: Qiao Xiaoshi , Wang Shizhang , Min Jinzhong 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The concept of stochastic parameterization provides an opportunity to represent spatiotemporal errors caused by microphysics schemes that play important roles in supercell simulations. In this study, two stochastic methods, the stochastically perturbed temperature tendency from microphysics (SPTTM) method and the stochastically perturbed intercept parameters of microphysics (SPIPM) method, are implemented within the Lin scheme, which is based on the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model, and are tested using an idealized supercell case. The SPTTM and SPIPM methods perturb the temperature tendency and the intercept parameters (IPs), respectively. Both methods use recursive filters to generate horizontally smooth perturbations and adopt the barotropic structure for the perturbation r, which is multiplied by tendencies or parameters from this parameterization. A double-moment microphysics scheme is used for the truth run. Compared to the multiparameter method, which uses randomly perturbed prescribed parameters, stochastic methods often produce larger ensemble spreads and better forecast the intensity of updraft helicity (UH). The SPTTM method better predicts the intensity by intensifying the midlevel heating with its positive perturbation r, whereas it performs worse in the presence of negative perturbation. In contrast, the SPIPM method can increase the intensity of UH by either positive or negative perturbation, which increases the likelihood for members to predict strong UH.
Frontal Plane Knee Mechanics and Early Cartilage Degeneration in People With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Su Favian , Wu Daniel , Pedoia Valentina , Heitkamp Lauren , Ma C. Benjamin , Souza Richard B. , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: November 2017

Background: Abnormal frontal plane gait mechanics are known risk factors for knee osteoarthritis, but their role in early cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not well understood. Hypothesis/Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the association of frontal plane gait mechanics with medial knee cartilage magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times over 1 year in patients with ACLR and controls. It was hypothesized that (1) there will be an increase in frontal plane medial knee loading and medial knee MR relaxation times over time in the patients with ACLR, and (2) increases in frontal plane medial knee loading will be associated with an increase in medial knee MR relaxation times. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with ACLR (n = 37) underwent walking gait analyses and bilateral quantitative MR imaging (MRI) before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after ACLR. Healthy control participants (n = 13) were evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Gait variables included peak knee adduction moment (KAM), KAM impulse, and peak knee adduction angle. MRI variables included medial femur and medial tibia whole compartment and subregional T1ρ and T2 relaxation times. Statistical analyses included a comparison of changes over time for gait and MRI variables, correlations between changes in gait and MRI variables over time, and differences in change in MRI variables in patients who showed an increase versus decrease in KAM impulse. Results: There were significant increases in medial T1ρ (Δ 4%-11%) and T2 (Δ 2%-10%) relaxation times from baseline to 6 months for both knees in the ACLR group and in KAM (Δ 13%) for the injured knee. From baseline to 6 months, patients who had an increase in KAM impulse in the injured knee had a greater increase in medial T1ρ and T2 relaxation times as compared with those who did not have an increase in KAM impulse. Longitudinal changes for the control group were not significant. Conclusion: There is an increase in medial knee relaxation times over the first 6 months after ACLR. People with an increase in medial knee loading show an increase in medial knee relaxation times when compared with those who do not have an increase in medial knee loading over the first 6 months.
Crossover Dreams: Global Circulation of Queer Film on the Film Festival Circuits
Authors: Loist Skadi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ubiquity of gender-bending and sexually ambiguous imagery in the media seems to herald a post-gay era. But are LGBT/Q identities and representation politics really a thing of the past? Inspection of the circulation patterns of LGBT/Q images on a global scale suggests a more nuanced story. Taking the lead from distribution and film festival studies, in this essay I sketch out how LGBT/Q images travel around the world. The festival network was always an alternative channel to mainstream work. Therefore, I pay particular attention to the international film festival circuit with its art film bias, on one hand, and activist festivals, such as LGBT/Q film festivals and their LGBT/Q-themed films, on the other. Utilizing Lisa Henderson's notion of “queer relay” I argue that the relationship between the queer film ecosystem and the larger art film circuit is highly ambivalent. The deployed art film strategies reveal that we have not yet arrived at actual acceptance and universality in a post-gay, post-identitarian world. However, the positions on the side of distinction and cultural capital do not just lean towards exploitation of queer subcultural productions by neoliberal forces but offer also a relay position that accounts for queer agency in the wider cultural arena.
Total Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among US Adults Was Lower When Measured Using a 1-Question Versus 4-Question Screener
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Park Sohyun , Dooyema Carrie , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To compare the performance of a 1-question survey screener measuring total sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake to a screener measuring SSB types separately using 4 questions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Web-based 2014 SummerStyles survey. Participants: A total of 4167 US adults (≥18 years). Measures: Frequency of SSB intake measured using a 1-question screener was compared to frequency using a 4-question screener (regular soda, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, sweetened coffee/tea). SSB intake (number of time/day) was categorized as 0, >0 to <1, and ≥1 time/day; difference in mean intake was calculated between 4 questions versus 1. Analysis: Paired t tests were used, and agreement was evaluated using weighted κ and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results: Mean SSB intake was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-1.79) times/day using 4 questions and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.56-0.62) times/day using 1 question ( P < .001). Intake frequency based on 4 questions versus 1 was 16.0% versus 38.5% for 0 time/day, 15.6% versus 42.5% for >0 to <1 time/day, and 68.4% versus 18.9% for ≥1 time/day. There was fair agreement for the 3 SSB intake categories (κ: .27) and poor absolute agreement between the 2 continuous measures (Lin’s CCC: 0.31). Conclusion: Daily SSB intake was significantly lower using a 1-question screener versus a 4-question screener. Researchers should assess SSB types separately or consider that daily SSB intake is likely underestimated with 1 question.
Ethical decision-making based on field assessment: The experiences of prehospital personnel
Authors: Torabi Mohammad , Borhani Fariba , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Due to the stressful nature of prehospital emergency providers’ duties, as well as difficulties such as distance to information resources and insufficient time to analyze situations, ethical decision-making in prehospital services is a daily challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the experiences of Iranian prehospital emergency personnel in the field of ethical decision-making. Methods: The data were collected by semi-structured interviews (n = 15) in Iran and analyzed using the content analysis approach. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of research ethics and national rules and regulations relating to informed consent and confidentiality. Results: The results obtained were categorized into three main categories that included “assessment of the scene atmosphere, assessment of patients’ condition and their family, and predicting outcomes of decision-making.” The central category was “field assessment,” which demonstrated the strategy of ethical decision-making by prehospital providers when facing ethical conflicts. Conclusion: Although findings showed that the majority of prehospital providers make ethical decisions based on the patients’ benefit, they also consider consequences of their decisions in dealing with personal and professional threats. This article identifies and describes a number of ethical values of prehospital providers and discusses how the values may be considered by paramedics when facing ethical conflicts.
A Descriptive Analysis of End-of-Life Conversations With Long-Term Glioblastoma Survivors
Authors: Miranda Stephen P. , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Paladino Joanna M. , Norden Andrew D. , Kavanagh Jane E. , Palmor Marissa C. , Block Susan D. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Early, high-quality serious illness (SI) conversations are critical for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but are often mistimed or mishandled. Objective: To describe the prevalence, timing, and quality of documented SI conversations and evaluate their focus on patient goals/priorities. Design/Participants: Thirty-three patients with GBM enrolled in the control group of a randomized controlled trial of a communication intervention and were followed for 2 years or until death. At baseline, all patients answered a validated question about preferences for life-extending versus comfort-focused care and completed a Life Priorities Survey about their goals/priorities. In this secondary analysis, retrospective chart review was performed for 18 patients with GBM who died. Documented SI conversations were systematically identified and evaluated using a codebook reflecting 4 domains: prognosis, goals/priorities, end-of-life planning, and life-sustaining treatments. Patient goals/priorities were compared to documentation. Measurements/Results: At baseline, 16 of 24 patients preferred life-extending care. In the Life Priorities Survey, goals/priorities most frequently ranked among the top 3 were “Live as long as possible,” “Be mentally aware,” “Provide support for family,” “Be independent,” and “Be at peace.” Fifteen of 18 patients had at least 1 documented SI conversation (range: 1-4). Median timing of the first documented SI conversation was 84 days before death (range: 29-231; interquartile range: 46-119). Fifteen patients had documentation about end-of-life planning, with “hospice” and “palliative care” most frequently documented. Five of 18 patients had documentation about their goals. Conclusion: Patients with GBM had multiple goals/priorities with potential treatment implications, but documentation showed SI conversations occurred relatively late and infrequently reflected patient goals/priorities.
Head Injuries in Urban Environment Skiing and Snowboarding: A Retrospective Study on Injury Severity and Injury Mechanisms
Authors: Stenroos A. , Handolin L. 
Published: November 2017

Background and Aim: During the last decade urban skiing and snowboarding has gained a lot of popularity. In urban skiing/snowboarding riders try to balance on handrails and jump off buildings. Previous studies in skiing and snowboarding accidents have mostly been conducted at hospitals located close to alpine terrain with big ski resort areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the types and severity of traumatic brain injuries occurring in small, suburban hills and in urban environment, and to characterize injury patterns to find out the specific mechanisms of injuries behind. Materials and Methods: This study included all patients admitted to the Helsinki University Hospital Trauma Unit from 2006 to 2015 with a head injury (ICD 10 S06-S07) from skiing or snowboarding accidents in Helsinki capital area. Head injuries that did not require a CT-scan, and injuries older than 24 hours were excluded from this study. Results: There were a total of 72 patients that met the inclusion criteria Mean length of stay in hospital was 2.95 days. According to the AIS classification, 30% had moderate, 14% had severe, and 10% had critical head injuries. Patients who got injured in terrain parks or on streets where more likely to be admitted to ICU than those injured on slopes. Based on GOS score at discharge, 78% were classified as having a good recovery from the injury, 13% had a moderate disability, 5% had a severe disability and 3% of the injuries were fatal. There were no statistically significant differences in decreased GOS between the accident sites. Conclusion: Head injuries occurring in small suburban hills and in urban environments can be serious and potentially fatal. The profile and severity of skiing injuries in urban environments and small, suburban hills is comparable to those on alpine terrain.
Long-Term Prognosis and Causes of Death After Pleural Infections
Authors: Khan J. A. , Lehtomäki A. I. , Toikkanen V. J. , Ukkonen M. T. , Nevalainen R. M. , Laurikka J. O. 
Published: November 2017

Background and Aims: The development of pleural infection may imply a worse state of health and prognosis. The objective of this study was to ascertain the long-term survival and causes of death after pleural infections and to compare them to those of matched controls. Material and Methods: Altogether 191 patients treated for pleural infections at a single University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 and 1910 age- and gender-matched controls were included. Survival data and the causes of death for non-survivors were obtained from national databases and compared between the groups. Results: The etiology of pleural infection was pulmonary infection in 70%, procedural complication in 9%, trauma in 5%, malignancy in 4%, other in 7%, and unknown in 5% of patients. The course of treatment was surgical in 82%, drainage only in 12%, and conservative in 5% of included patients. The median follow-up time was 11 years. Mortality rates were 8.4% versus 0.8% during the first 90 days, p < 0.001, and 46.6% versus 24.5% overall, p < 0.001, in patients and controls, respectively. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary infection, procedural complication, or malignancy as the etiology of pleural infection. In multivariable analysis, advanced age, previous malignancies, institutional care, alcoholism, and malignant etiology for the infection were associated with inferior survival. Deaths caused by malignancies, respiratory diseases, and digestive diseases were significantly more common in patients than in controls. Conclusion: Long-term survival in patients with pleural infections is significantly inferior to that of age and gender-matched controls.
Factors associated with reporting results for pulmonary clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Riley Isaretta L , Boulware L Ebony , Sun Jie-Lena , Chiswell Karen , Que Loretta G , Kraft Monica , Todd Jamie L , Palmer Scott M , Anderson Monique L 
Published: November 2017

Background/aims The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act mandates that applicable clinical trials report basic summary results to the ClinicalTrials.gov database within 1 year of trial completion or termination. We aimed to determine the proportion of pulmonary trials reporting basic summary results to ClinicalTrials.gov and assess factors associated with reporting. Methods We identified pulmonary clinical trials subject to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (called highly likely applicable clinical trials) that were completed or terminated between 2008 and 2012 and reported results by September 2013. We estimated the cumulative percentage of applicable clinical trials reporting results by pulmonary disease category. Multivariable Cox regression modeling identified characteristics independently associated with results reporting. Results Of 1450 pulmonary highly likely applicable clinical trials, 380 (26%) examined respiratory neoplasms, 238 (16%) asthma, 175 (12%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 657 (45%) other respiratory diseases. Most (75%) were pharmaceutical highly likely applicable clinical trials and 71% were industry-funded. Approximately 15% of highly likely applicable clinical trials reported results within 1 year of trial completion, while 55% reported results over the 5-year study period. Earlier phase highly likely applicable clinical trials were less likely to report results compared to phase 4 highly likely applicable clinical trials (phases 1/2 and 2 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.54)), phases 2/3 and 3 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.55 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.72)) and phase not applicable (adjusted hazard ratio 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.63)). Pulmonary highly likely applicable clinical trials without Food and Drug Administration oversight were less likely to report results compared with those with oversight (adjusted hazard ratio 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.51–0.83)). Conclusion A total of 15% of pulmonary clinical highly likely applicable clinical trials report basic summary results to ClinicalTrials.gov within 1 year of trial completion. Strategies to improve reporting are needed within the pulmonary community.