bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educating Parents on Sports-Related Concussions
Authors: Macdonald Ian , Hauber Roxanne 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Approximately 30 million children and adolescents in the United States participate in various forms of organized sports, and incidents of traumatic brain injuries in emergency departments have increased to 62% from 2001 to 2009. Knowledge, information, and preventive interventions appear to have been well disseminated among athletic personnel at the professional, collegiate, and high school levels. Research regarding parents’ perceptions and knowledge of sports-related concussions (SRCs) however is lacking. This project aims to determine the impact of interventions designed to improve parental awareness of SRCs. Methods: The study used a demographic information sheet and a postintervention survey design. These surveys were to determine the impact of three distinct educational tools presented on the perceptions and knowledge of SRCs in a group of parents with children actively involved in sports. Results: Forty-seven participants completed the demographic information sheet, most of them African American and have at least one child competing in high school contact sports. Furthermore, 85.1% of the parents felt that SRCs are a critical issue, although only 46.8% of the parents have ever sought out information to learn more about SRC. Twenty-nine individuals participated in the posteducational survey after the intervention, and most parents perceived that all three educational tools were written and presented in a fashion that changed their perception, awareness, and knowledge base of SRCs. These parents however stated that none of the interventions captured their attention enough to want to go to a professional for further information. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that parents know what educational approaches work best for them. However, it also suggests that a one-time educational intervention is not sufficient to move many parents to be proactive. The scarcity of published studies speaks to the need for further research to determine the most effective approaches to engage all involved groups in an integrated approach to ensure that children can be safely involved in sports without jeopardizing their future.
Parent Perceptions of Family Social Supports in Families With Children With Epilepsy
Authors: Decker Kim A. , Miller Wendy R. , Buelow Janice M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose and Background: When a child is diagnosed with epilepsy, not only has the child’s life been disrupted but also the family’s sense of normalcy. Although there is considerable literature discussing family concerns and social support issues in families with chronically ill children, a major gap lies in the exploration of how the specifics of childhood epilepsy affect parents and family operations. The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial care needs of parents of children with epilepsy. Methods: Utilizing the Family Systems Nursing theory as a framework, this correlation study examined the relationships among social and community support, family needs, family empowerment, and family quality of life in 29 primary caregivers of a child with epilepsy. Results: These families felt highly supported; they had low needs and high perceptions of empowerment. There was a negative association between social supports and the total family needs survey scale and the subscales of financial support, help regarding explaining to others, and professional support. There was no association between family empowerment or quality of life with parental perceptions of social support. Conclusion: In general, as parental perceptions of family needs increased, perceptions of familial social supports decreased. Further research is recommended to investigate varying socioeconomic status effects in families with children with pediatric epilepsy.
Biobehavioral Framework of Symptom and Health Outcomes of Uncertainty and Psychological Stress in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Austin Kim W. , Ameringer Suzanne W. , Starkweather Angela R. , Cloud Leslie J. , Sturgill Jamie L. , Elswick Ronald K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex motor and nonmotor symptoms that fluctuate in onset, severity, level of disability, and responsiveness to treatment. The unpredictable nature of PD and the inability to halt or slow disease progression may result in uncertainty and psychological stress. Uncertainty and psychological stress have important implications for symptom and health outcomes in PD. Uncertainty and psychological stress have been shown to worsen symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in chronic illnesses; however, the causal mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We propose a biobehavioral framework for examining uncertainty and psychological stress in PD. The framework considers factors that may contribute to uncertainty and neuroendocrine–immune mechanisms of uncertainty and psychological stress that may influence symptom and health outcomes in PD, for the ultimate purpose of improving symptom and disease progression, functional capacity, and quality of life.
Speculum Lubrication and Patient Comfort: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Bakker Ronan , Peng Katherine , Chelmow David 
Published: November 2016

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of water-based gel lubrication in decreasing discomfort during speculum examination.

Materials and Methods
Searches of standard databases were performed. Randomized controlled trials comparing speculums lubricated with water-based gel to no lubrication or water alone in women undergoing gynecologic examinations were included. Selected studies were required to report on the outcome of discomfort experienced during the examination. Six studies met the criteria. Two reviewers independently performed the search and excluded articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was change in the visual analog scale (VAS) measure of discomfort. Pooled mean differences and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed.

Results
Five studies, totaling 2,383 subjects, each noted a significant decrease in the VAS score with use of lubrication. Pooling all studies, the VAS score with lubrication changed −0.87 (95% CI = −1.22 to −0.53, 6 studies, 2,453 subjects). Studies measured discomfort at different points in the examination and noted significant decreases with insertion (mean difference, −0.98; 95% CI = −1.13 to −0.83, 5 studies, 2,383 subjects), opening (mean difference, −1.52; 95% CI = −2.43 to −0.61, 3 studies, 1,864 subjects), and extraction (mean difference, −0.97; 95% CI = −1.29 to −0.65, 2 studies, 284 subjects). These significant decreases were consistent in subgroups of premenopausal, postmenopausal, gynecologic oncology, and radiation therapy patients.

Conclusions
Water-based gel lubrication decreased discomfort for women undergoing a plastic speculum examination in all populations studied.
Esophagorespiratory Fistulas
Authors: Lenz Charles J. , Bick Benjamin L. , Katzka David , Nichols Francis C. , Depew Zachary S. , Wong Kee Song Louis M. , Baron Todd H. , Buttar Navtej S. , Maldonado Fabien , Enders Felicity T. , Harmsen William S. , Dierkhising Ross A. , Topazian Mark D. 
Published: November 2016

Goal:
The purpose of this study was to characterize outcomes of esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERF) by etiology and initial treatment strategy.

Background:
ERF is a morbid condition for which optimal treatment strategies and outcomes are still in evolution.

Study:
Medical records and images were reviewed for all patients diagnosed with ERF at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, between September 1, 2001 and January 1, 2012. Fistulas were classified as malignant or benign. Treatment strategies were classified as surgical or nonsurgical (typically esophageal stent placement). Technical and clinical success, survival, and survival free of second intervention were assessed.

Results:
A total of 123 patients with acquired ERF were identified, of whom 65 (53%) were malignant and 58 (47%) benign. Initial treatment strategy was nonsurgical in 88 (72%) patients and surgical in 35 (28%); lower Charlson comorbidity scores were associated with increased likelihood of surgery. Technical and clinical success was seen in a majority of patients treated both surgically and nonsurgically. Patients with malignant ERF treated surgically survived longer than patients undergoing nonsurgical treatment (hazard ratio=5.6, P=0.005). In contrast, those with benign ERF had similar overall survival regardless of whether they received initial surgical or nonsurgical treatment; reintervention was more common in those who underwent nonsurgical treatment (hazard ratio=2.3, P=0.03).

Conclusions:
We conclude that survival in malignant ERF is better with surgical intervention in selected patients. Surgical and nonsurgical techniques achieve similar survival in benign ERF, but reintervention is more common in those treated endoscopically.
Permanent Indwelling Transmural Stents for Endoscopic Treatment of Patients With Disconnected Pancreatic Duct Syndrome
Authors: Téllez-Aviña Felix I. , Casasola-Sánchez Luis E. , Ramírez-Luna Miguel Á. , Saúl Ángela , Murcio-Pérez Enrique , Chan Carlos , Uscanga Luis , Duarte-Medrano Gilberto , Valdovinos-Andraca Francisco 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is defined as the complete disruption of the main pancreatic duct, the result are peripancreatic fluid collections or pancreatic leaks. The aim of this study was to report the results of derivative endoscopic treatment of DPDS in a long-term follow-up period.

Patients and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Endoscopic treatment consisted of transmural drainage with 2 double pigtail plastic stents (7 F and 4 cm) deployed under endoscopic ultrasound guidance.

Results:
In total, 21 patients were included in our study. There were 15 (71%) men and the median age was 36 years (range, 23 to 86 y). The principal etiology of DPDS was acute pancreatitis. A total of 20 (95.2%) patients were diagnosed with DPDS by endoscopic pancreatography and only 1 (4.8%) patient by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The median follow-up time was 28 months (range, 7 to 76 mo). Technique success was 100% and initial clinical success was 80.9% (17/21). Three (17.6%) of these patients required a new endoscopic procedure with success in all cases. During follow-up, 11 (52%) patients developed diabetes mellitus and 3 patients (14%) developed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. There were 5 (15%) patients with complications.

Conclusion:
According to our data, endoscopic treatment with the placement of a permanent indwelling transmural stents is a useful and safe tool for the treatment of DPDS.
Chirality of the cytoskeleton in the origins of cellular asymmetry
Authors: Satir Peter 
Published: November 2016

Self-assembly of two important components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, actin microfilaments and microtubules (MTs) results in polar filaments of one chirality. As is true for bacterial flagella, in actin microfilaments, screw direction is important for assembly processes and motility. For MTs, polar orientation within the cell is paramount. The alignment of these elements in the cell cytoplasm gives rise to emergent properties, including the potential for cell differentiation and specialization. Complex MTs with a characteristic chirality are found in basal bodies and centrioles; this chirality is preserved in cilia. In motile cilia, it is reflected in the direction of the effective stroke. The positioning of the basal body or cilia on the cell surface depends on polarity proteins. In evolution, survival depends on global polarity information relayed to the cell in part by orientation of the MT and actin filament cytoskeletons and the chirality of the basal body to determine left and right coordinates within a defined anterior–posterior cell and tissue axis.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Provocative questions in left–right asymmetry’.
Cell chirality: emergence of asymmetry from cell culture
Authors: Wan Leo Q. , Chin Amanda S. , Worley Kathryn E. , Ray Poulomi 
Published: November 2016

Increasing evidence suggests that intrinsic cell chirality significantly contributes to the left–right (LR) asymmetry in embryonic development, which is a well-conserved characteristic of living organisms. With animal embryos, several theories have been established, but there are still controversies regarding mechanisms associated with embryonic LR symmetry breaking and the formation of asymmetric internal organs. Recently,in vitrosystems have been developed to determine cell chirality and to recapitulate multicellular chiral morphogenesis on a chip. These studies demonstrate that chirality is indeed a universal property of the cell that can be observed with well-controlled experiments such as micropatterning. In this paper, we discuss the possible benefits of thesein vitrosystems to research in LR asymmetry, categorize available platforms for single-cell chirality and multicellular chiral morphogenesis, and review mathematical models used forin vitrocell chirality and its applications inin vivoembryonic development. These recent developments enable the interrogation of the intracellular machinery in LR axis establishment and accelerate research in birth defects in laterality.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Provocative questions in left–right asymmetry’.
Identifying genetic variants that affect viability in large cohorts
Authors: Mostafavi Hakhamanesh , Berisa Tomaz , Day Felix R , R B Perry John , Przeworski Molly , Pickrell Joseph K 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA number of open questions in human evolutionary genetics would become tractable if we were able to directly measure evolutionary fitness. As a step towards this goal, we developed a method to examine whether individual genetic variants, or sets of genetic variants, currently influence viability. The approach consists in testing whether the frequency of an allele varies across ages, accounting for variation in ancestry. We applied it to the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA) cohort and to the parents of participants in the UK Biobank. Across the genome, we find only a few common variants with large effects on age-specific mortality: tagging theAPOEε4 allele and nearCHRNA3. These results suggest that when large, even late onset effects are kept at low frequency by purifying selection. Testing viability effects of sets of genetic variants that jointly influence one of 42 traits, we detect a number of strong signals. In participants of the UK Biobank study of British ancestry, we find that variants that delay puberty timing are enriched in longer-lived parents (P~6×10−6for fathers andP~2×10−3for mothers), consistent with epidemiological studies. Similarly, in mothers, variants associated with later age at first birth are associated with a longer lifespan (P~1×10−3). Signals are also observed for variants influencing cholesterol levels, risk of coronary artery disease, body mass index, as well as risk of asthma. These signals exhibit consistent effects in the GERA cohort and among participants of the UK Biobank of non-British ancestry. Moreover, we see marked differences between males and females, most notably at theCHRNA3locus, and variants associated with risk of coronary artery disease and cholesterol levels. Beyond our findings, the analysis serves as a proof of principle for how upcoming biomedical datasets can be used to learn about selection effects in contemporary humans.
Vaccination has minimal impact on the intrahost diversity of H3N2 influenza viruses
Authors: Debbink Kari , McCrone John T. , Petrie Joshua G. , Truscon Rachel , Johnson Emileigh , Mantlo Emily K. , Monto Arnold S. , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile influenza virus diversity and antigenic drift have been well characterized on a global scale, the factors that influence the virus’ rapid evolution within and between human hosts are less clear. Given the modest effectiveness of seasonal vaccination, vaccine-induced antibody responses could serve as a potent selective pressure for novel influenza variants at the individual or community level. We used next generation sequencing of patient-derived viruses from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vaccine efficacy to characterize the diversity of influenza A virus and to define the impact of vaccine-induced immunity on within-host populations. Importantly, this study design allowed us to isolate the impact of vaccination while still studying natural infection. We used pre-season hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition titers to quantify vaccine-induced immunity directly and to assess its impact on intrahost populations. We identified 166 cases of H3N2 influenza over 3 seasons and 5119 person-years. We obtained whole genome sequence data for 119 samples and used a stringent and empirically validated analysis pipeline to identify intrahost single nucleotide variants at ≥1% frequency. Phylogenetic analysis of consensus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences showed no stratification by pre-season HAI and NAI titer, respectively. In our study population, we found that the vast majority of intrahost single nucleotide variants were rare and that very few were found in more than one individual. Most samples had fewer than 15 single nucleotide variants across the entire genome, and the level of diversity did not significantly vary with day of sampling, vaccination status, or pre-season antibody titer. Contrary to what has been suggested in experimental systems, our data indicate that seasonal influenza vaccination has little impact on intrahost diversity in natural infection and that vaccine-induced immunity may be only a minor contributor to antigenic drift at local scales.
Estimation of sub-epidemic dynamics by means of Sequential Monte Carlo Approximate Bayesian Computation: an application to the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Neke Ibeh , Aris-Brosou Stéphane 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOur ability to accurately infer transmission patterns of infectious diseases is critical to monitor both their spread and the efficacy of public health policies. The use of phylogenetic methods for the reconstruction of viral ancestral relationships has garnered increasing interest, particularly in the characterization of HIV epidemics and sub-epidemics. In the case of this virus, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) contains a wide breadth of genomic data that have been widely used as a means of applying such methods. However, current approaches for quantifying the epidemiological dynamics of diseases are computationally intensive, and fail to scale well with this magnitude of data. To address this issue, we re-implement an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approach based on sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). By means of simulations, we demonstrate that our implementation is capable of inferring key epidemiological parameters of the Swiss HIV epidemic accurately, and that sampling intensity has no significant effect on the accuracy of our estimates. Applied to a subset of HIV sequences from the SHCS, we show that we can distinguish sub-epidemics that are circulating in culturally distinct Swiss regions. Given these findings, we propose that ABC-SMC samplers will allow us to evaluate the impact of new public health policies, such as the implementation of a needle exchange program in the case of HIV, based on genetic data sampled before and after the implementation of a new policy.
Deep learning with feature embedding for compound-protein interaction prediction
Authors: Wan Fangping , Zeng Jianyang (Michael) 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccurately identifying compound-protein interactionsin silicocan deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and significantly facilitate the drug discovery and development process. Traditional similarity-based computational models for compound-protein interaction prediction rarely exploit the latent features from current available large-scale unlabelled compound and protein data, and often limit their usage on relatively small-scale datasets. We propose a new scheme that combines feature embedding (a technique of representation learning) with deep learning for predicting compound-protein interactions. Our method automatically learns the low-dimensional implicit but expressive features for compounds and proteins from the massive amount of unlabelled data. Combining effective feature embedding with powerful deep learning techniques, our method provides a general computational pipeline for accurate compound-protein interaction prediction, even when the interaction knowledge of compounds and proteins is entirely unknown. Evaluations on current large-scale databases of the measured compound-protein affinities, such as ChEMBL and BindingDB, as well as known drug-target interactions from DrugBank have demonstrated the superior prediction performance of our method, and suggested that it can offer a useful tool for drug development and drug repositioning.
PRDX6 inhibits neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through downregulation of wdfy1 mediated TLR4 signal
Authors: Park Mi Hee , Son Dong Ju , Nam Kyoung Tak , Kim So Young , Oh Sang Yeon , Song Min Ji , Chun Hyung Ok , Lee Tae Hyung , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: November 2016

AbstractImpaired neurogenesis has been associated with brain disorders. The role of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) in the neurodegenerative diseases is very controversial. To demonstrate the role of PRDX6 in neurogenesis, we compared neurogenesis ability and studied the molecular mechanisms. It was found that the neurogenesis of neural stem cells and expression of the marker protein were lowered in PRDX6 Tg-mice compared with non-tg mice. Moreover, the expression of wdfy1 was dramatically decreased in PRDX6-Tg mice, also, we observed that wdfy1 siRNA decreases the differentiation ability of primary neural stem cells to astrocyte and neuronal cells as well as PC12 cells. However, knockdown of PRDX6 recovered neurogenesis in the brain of PRDX6-Tg mice as well as PC-12 cells. We also showed that TLR4 was dramatically reduced in PRDX6 Tg mice as well as PC-12 cells and PRDX6 overexpression reduced neurogenesis was rescued after treatment of TLR4 siRNA. We further found that reduced TLR4 expression and neurogenesis was reversed in the neuron from PRDX6-Tg mice as well as PC12 cells by introduction of wdfy1 plasmid. Moreover, TLR4 siRNA reduced neurogenesis and wdfy1 expression. This study indicated that PRDX6 inhibits neurogenesis of neural precursor cells through TLR4 dependent downregulation of wdfy1.