bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of vascular epiphytes over gradients of light and humidity in north‐east Australian rainforest
Authors: Sanger Jennifer C. , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicroclimatic conditions have a strong influence on the distribution of vascular epiphytes, among which orchids often occur in sunnier and more drought‐prone situations than ferns. However, very few studies have looked at the distribution of ferns and orchids in Australian tropical rainforests. By using transmitted light measurements at the locations of individual epiphytes and vapour pressure deficit from the canopy and base of host trees, we were able to determine the patterns of light and humidity in the rainforest environment, and the responses of ferns and orchids to variation in the physical environments. We surveyed five sites, ranging from 800 to 1180 m in elevation in the lower montane rainforests of north‐east Australia. Data loggers recorded the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at the forest floor and canopy of each site. Light was correlated with height within the host tree and VPD differed significantly over position in the host tree and elevation. There was a strong partitioning of taxonomic groups over the light and VPD gradients. Orchids occurred in environments that had higher mean light levels and mean daily maximum VPD (27% and 0.43 kPa, respectively) than ferns (21% and 0.28 kPa). There was also strong microclimatic partitioning of species within taxonomic groups, suggesting that microclimatic factors play an important role in the realized niche spaces of epiphytes within the tropical Australian rainforest. Thus, the tested ecological generalizations made on tropical rainforest epiphytes apply in Australia.
Histochemical and surface ultrastructural characteristics of the nasal cavity of laughing dove
Authors: Farouk S. M. , Hassan S. A. , Emam M. A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTen apparently healthy, adult laughing doves were used to document detailed histological, histochemical and surface ultrastructural features of the nasal cavity and to investigate the structure‐function relationship of the nasal cavity in this species. We observed that the nasal cavity of the laughing dove was composed of three main regions: nasal vestibule, respiratory and olfactory. Each region presented a characteristic epithelial lining. The epithelium varied along the nasal vestibule from keratinized stratified squamous rostrally to non‐keratinized stratified squamous in the middle and stratified cuboidal in the caudal region of the nasal vestibule. The respiratory region was lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium and was initially devoid of both goblet cells and cilia, but cilia then appeared and increased gradually in number close to the olfactory region. The caudal part of the respiratory region presented a stratified cuboidal epithelium. Strong alcianophilic, intra‐epithelial mucous glands were identified, starting at the caudal region of the nasal vestibule and extended into the respiratory region. The olfactory region was lined with a pseudostratified epithelium that consisted of three different cell types: olfactory, support cells and basal cells. In conclusion, the current investigation presents new information concerning the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of the laughing dove's nasal cavity. Furthermore, the findings of this study may prove to be a valuable contribution to the avian histology and pathology literature.
Bureaucracies of Blood and Belonging: Documents, HIV‐positive Youth and the State in South Africa
Authors: Vale Beth , Hodes Rebecca , Cluver Lucie , Thabeng Mildred 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn response to its constitutional commitments and social welfare provisions in the era of democracy, the post‐apartheid South African state is increasingly called upon to provide for the lives and livelihoods of its citizens. These demands have intensified amid escalating joblessness and the highest numbers of people living with HIV worldwide. Over the past decade, antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been incorporated into an ever‐expanding welfare bureaucracy, in which access to state assistance is mediated by the collection and monitoring of biometric, bureaucratic data. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research in the Eastern Cape, this article explores how state documents bring young people on ART into an ambiguous relationship with the state — one that is at once subordinating and enabling. While social research on ART addresses both the empowering and coercive aspects of treatment taking, less attention has been given to how these modes of participation might be mutually constitutive. In this article, the authors examine how the same technologies that discipline youth on ART might also support and protect them; how welfare dependencies entail paradoxical forms of agency; and how the state's ability to control and to ‘care for’ citizens might be reciprocally dependent.
The Shady Side of Consultation and Compensation: ‘Divide‐and‐Rule’ Tactics in Bolivia's Extraction Sector
Authors: Schilling‐Vacaflor Almut , Eichler Jessika 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe rights to prior consultation and compensation have been established within the framework of international indigenous peoples’ rights. However, in practice these processes have often gone hand in hand with adverse social consequences for local populations, such as the exacerbation of conflicts, the division of communities and the weakening of indigenous organizations. These phenomena have received little attention, despite their great relevance for these populations. This article sheds light on the use by the Bolivian state and extraction corporations of exclusionary participation and negotiation processes, on the one hand, and ‘carrot‐and‐stick’ techniques on the other, which have together accounted for negative social impacts on the ground. The article is based on recently conducted field research, focus group discussions and semi‐structured interviews in Guaraní communities in Bolivia. The findings extend the existing literature by providing a fine‐grained and systematic analysis of divisive undertakings and their sociocultural and sociopolitical consequences in neo‐extractivist Bolivia. The broader implications of the study add to academic debates about participation in development, about ‘divide‐and‐rule’ tactics and about the practice of indigenous peoples’ rights.
Selling Stabilization: Anxious Practices of Militarized Development Contracting
Authors: Greenburg Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines how post‐9/11 US military trainings have conscripted development as a weapon of war. The post‐9/11 years saw the increasing dominance of for‐profit international development contractors (IDCs), who, by 2010, were winning more valuable contracts from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) than non‐profit organizations, UN agencies, and the World Bank. This article describes financial, administrative and bureaucratic shifts in the integration of development and defence that have fed into the increasing dominance of IDCs. In the mid‐2000s, USAID developed an instructional framework to translate development for military audiences. The framework speaks to the rejection in this period of the language of ‘hearts and minds’ and the adoption of a technical language of ‘stabilization’ amenable to private contracting. Drawing on ethnographic observations of private civilian contractors teaching the USAID framework on military bases, I examine the contradictions of ‘stabilization’ as a concept sold in private militarized development markets, and as a lived practice of military learning that often conflicts with other dimensions of soldiering.
Experimental and numerical characterization of low cycle fatigue and creep fatigue behaviour of P92 steel welded joint
Authors: Wang X. , Zhang W. , Gong J. , Jiang Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLow cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep fatigue interaction (CFI) behaviour of P92 steel welded joint were investigated experimentally and numerically. Strain‐controlled LCF tests at different strain amplitudes and CFI tests at different peak strain holding time were conducted. Evolutions of cyclic stress response, mean stress, and creep strain during cycling were described, in which the influence of strain amplitude and holding time were investigated. A specific heat treatment process was proposed to get the homogenous simulated material of fine grain region and coarse grain region in the heat affected zone. Material parameters of parent material, fine grain heat affected zone, coarse grain heat affected zone, and weld metal in the unified viscoplasticity model were then determined and validated. To predict the LCF and CFI behaviour of welded joint, 3‐dimensional unified viscoplasticity model with a modified isotropic variable was compiled into ABAQUS UMAT. The comparison between the predicted and experimental result under LCF and CFI loadings showed that the simulation results were reasonable and agreed with the experimental data well.
Performance Assessments of a Novel Well Design for Reducing Exposure to Bedrock‐Derived Arsenic
Authors: Winston Richard B. , Ayotte Joseph D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractArsenic in groundwater is a serious problem in New England, particularly for domestic well owners drawing water from bedrock aquifers. The overlying glacial aquifer generally has waters with low arsenic concentrations but is less used because of frequent loss of well water during dry periods and the vulnerability to surface‐sourced bacterial contamination. An alternative, novel design for shallow wells in glacial aquifers is intended to draw water primarily from unconsolidated glacial deposits, while being resistant to drought conditions and surface contamination. Its use could greatly reduce exposure to arsenic through drinking water for domestic use. Hypothetical numerical models were used to investigate the potential hydraulic performance of the new well design in reducing arsenic exposure. The aquifer system was divided into two parts, an upper section representing the glacial sediments and a lower section representing the bedrock. The location of the well, recharge conditions, and hydraulic properties were systematically varied in a series of simulations and the potential for arsenic contamination was quantified by analyzing groundwater flow paths to the well. The greatest risk of arsenic contamination occurred when the hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock aquifer was high, or where there was upward flow from the bedrock aquifer because of the position of the well in the flow system.
Migraine and Yawning
Authors: Güven Bülent , Güven Hayat , Çomoğlu Selim Selçuk 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundYawning is considered to be a symptom that reflects dopaminergic activity, although its pathophysiological mechanism is not yet fully understood. Interestingly, repetitive yawning is seen in some patients during migraine attacks. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to investigate the frequency of yawning during migraine attacks and its association with different characteristics of migraine.MethodsPatients with migraine with or without aura were evaluated using questionnaires and diaries to determine the characteristics of headache and accompanying symptoms. Repetitive yawning in the premonitory phase and/or during headache were determined.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐nine patients were included in the study. One hundred and fifty‐four patients reported repetitive yawning (45.4%) during migraine attacks. Repetitive yawning was reported in the 11.2% of the patients in the premonitory phase, 24.2% during headaches, and 10% both in the premonitory phase and during headaches. Migraine with aura (46.8 vs 31.9%; P = .005), accompanying nausea (89.6 vs 75.1%; P = .001), vomiting (48.7 vs 37.8%; P = .044), osmophobia (66.7 vs 52.3%; P = .024), and cutaneous allodynia (58.2 vs 46%; P = .032) were more common in patients with yawning than without. Other dopaminergic‐hypothalamic premonitory symptoms (41.6 vs 26.5%; P = .003), especially sleepiness (17.5 vs 5.9%; P = .001), irritability/anxiety (21.4% vs 11.4%; P = .019), nausea/vomiting (10.4 vs 4.3%; P = .03), and changes in appetite (18.2 vs 9.7%; P = .024), were also more frequent in patients with yawning than without. After being adjusted for all other relevant covariates, the odds of repetitive yawning were increased by the presence of nausea (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.453‐5.726; P = .002) and migraine with aura (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.035‐2.671; P = .036).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that yawning is a common self‐reported symptom leading or accompanying migraine attacks and is associated with aura, nausea and/or vomiting, osmophobia, and cutaneous allodynia in patients with migraine. Although yawning is a rather frequently seen behavior, it is a unique and reliable symptom in patients with migraine that may offer an opportunity for early treatment of migraine attacks.
MOHS micrographic surgery for treating erosive adenoma of the nipple: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Barco Israel , Vidal MCarmen , Fraile Manel , Masferrer Emili , Barco Leo , Barco Didac , Baez Cinthya J. , Giménez Nuria , Pessarrodona Antoni , García‐Fernández Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundErosive adenoma of the nipple (EAN) is a benign condition that involves major ducts of the nipple. Its clinical presentation may resemble other disorders. Complete removal of the nipple is often suggested because of frequent relapse. However, adverse cosmetic and functional results have prompted clinicians to look for other more conservative options.AimsTo present a case of EAN successfully treated using Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and summarize differential diagnosis and treatment.Materials and MethodsA 40‐year‐old woman with EAN was diagnosed by immunohistochemical markers after clinical suspicion. We have reviewed other cases treated with MMS in the literature.ResultsIn this patient, lesion size was 0.8 cm and the margin specimen was 1 × 0.9 × 0.2 cm, with EAN as histopathologic diagnosis. No atypia or malignancy was reported. Final esthetic outcome was reached with only one session, under local anesthesia and on an outpatient basis.DiscussionDermatologic lesions appearing on the nipple's surface should be closely followed. Paget's disease, carcinoma or proliferative lesions like EAN have to be considered, and such conditions require different surgical approaches. Traditional complete removal of the nipple is performed in many cases, but it may result in over‐treatment and unfavorable cosmetic outcome. MMS is frequently used in dermatologic surgery to treat malignant lesions with a high cure rate, avoiding excess tissue excision and leading to better patient satisfaction.ConclusionEAN can be successfully treated by minimal resection, especially if early diagnosis is done. MMS offers a better aesthetic outcome than traditional total excision.
Asking the difficult questions: Building the capacity of community paediatricians to routinely enquire and respond to family violence
Authors: Gibbons Claire L , Holmes Hilary , Bragg Judith , Neeman Teresa 
Published: September 2017

AimTo enhance the confidence and capacity of community paediatricians and paediatric trainees to identify and respond to family violence, through a series of education sessions and evidence‐based recommendations.MethodsThe action research methodology included a literature search to review the data on family violence education programmes and evidence‐based family violence screening tools. Six education sessions were then developed and held for physicians at the Community Paediatric and Child Health Service (CPCHS). An audit was performed on the charts of all new referrals to the CPCHS for a period of 18 months prior to the education sessions and 5 months following the education sessions. A questionnaire was distributed at the first and final education sessions to gauge physician comfort with enquiry into family violence.ResultsThe documented rate of enquiry into family violence at CPCHS was 24% in the retrospective chart audit. Following the series of education sessions, the documented rate of enquiry increased to 60% (P < 0.05, odds ratio 4.7, confidence interval 2.7–8.4). The documented rate of disclosure of family violence also increased from 13% of all new patients in the retrospective chart audit to 24% in the prospective arm of the study (P < 0.05, odds ratio 2.1, confidence interval 1.0–4.0). Following the education sessions, all participants agreed that they routinely enquired about family violence and were comfortable enquiring about family violence.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that clinician education about family violence supports routine enquiry about family violence in community paediatric consultations.
Chondrule heritage and thermal histories from trace element and oxygen isotope analyses of chondrules and amoeboid olivine aggregates
Authors: Jacquet Emmanuel , Marrocchi Yves 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe report combined oxygen isotope and mineral‐scale trace element analyses of amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOA) and chondrules in ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite, Northwest Africa 5958. The trace element geochemistry of olivine inAOA, for the first time measured byLA‐ICP‐MS, is consistent with a condensation origin, although the shallow slope of its rare earth element (REE) pattern is yet to be physically explained. Ferromagnesian silicates in type I chondrules resemble those in other carbonaceous chondrites both geochemically and isotopically, and we find a correlation between16O enrichment and many incompatible elements in olivine. The variation in incompatible element concentrations may relate to varying amounts of olivine crystallization during a subisothermal stage of chondrule‐forming events, the duration of which may be anticorrelated with the local solid/gas ratio if this was the determinant of oxygen isotopic ratios as proposed recently. While aqueous alteration has depleted many chondrule mesostases inREE, some chondrules show recognizable subdued groupII‐like patterns supporting the idea that the immediate precursors of chondrules were nebular condensates.
A hemiparasite in the forest understorey: photosynthetic performance and carbon balance ofMelampyrum pratense
Authors: Světlíková P. , Hájek T. , Těšitel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMelampyrum pratenseis an annual root‐hemiparasitic plant growing mostly in forest understorey, an environment with unstable light conditions. While photosynthetic responses of autotrophic plants to variable light conditions are in general well understood, light responses of root hemiparasites have not been investigated.We carried out gas exchange measurements (light response and photosynthetic induction curves) to assess the photosynthetic performance ofM. pratensein spring and summer. These data and recorded light dynamics data were subsequently used to model carbon balance of the hemiparasite throughout the entire growth season.Summer leaves had significantly lower rates of saturated photosynthesis and dark respiration than spring leaves, a pattern expected to reflect the difference between sun‐ and shade‐adapted leaves. However, even the summer leaves of the hemiparasite exhibited a higher rate of light‐saturated photosynthesis than reported in non‐parasitic understorey herbs. This is likely related to its annual life history, rare among other understorey herbs. The carbon balance model considering photosynthetic induction still indicated insufficient autotrophic carbon gain for seed production in the summer months due to limited light availability and substantial carbon loss through dark respiration.The results point to potentially high importance of heterotrophic carbon acquisition inM. pratense, which could be of at least comparable importance as in other mixotrophic plants growing in forests – mistletoes and partial mycoheterotrophs. It is remarkable that despite apparent evolutionary pressure towards improved carbon acquisition from the host,M. pratense retains efficient photosynthesis and high transpiration rate, the ecophysiological traits typical of related root hemiparasites in the Orobanchaceae.
On the new economic geography of a multicone world
Authors: Commendatore P. , Kubin I. , Mossay P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe build a new economic geography model incorporating differences in productivity among sectors and countries, thus allowing for comparative advantage. We study the role that market size, absolute advantage, and comparative advantage have on the trade patterns and the long‐run spatial distribution of economic activity in a world with multicones of specialization. We briefly mention the possibility of long‐term fluctuations in the spatial distribution of industry by relying on a discrete‐time framework.
Modeling agglomeration and dispersion in space: The role of labor migration, capital mobility and vertical linkages
Authors: Di Comite Francesco , Kancs d'Artis , Lecca Patrizio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the role played by capital mobility, labor migration and input–output linkages in shaping the spatial distribution of economic activity in a spatial computable general equilibrium framework. We identify European Union core and periphery regions based on an accessibility index and simulate the impact of a homogeneous transport shock. Our results suggest that agglomeration patterns are magnified by labor and capital mobility, the latter exerting a stronger influence than the former. Results are more nuanced for vertical linkages, which are associated with more agglomeration in terms of GDP, but more dispersion in terms of number of firms and labor demand. These results shed additional light on location mechanisms in applied general equilibrium applications of the new economic geography (NEG) theory and complement the theoretical NEG literature based on analytically solvable models.
The impact of trade costs on the European Regional Trade Network: An empirical and theoretical analysis
Authors: Basile Roberto , Commendatore Pasquale , De Benedictis Luca , Kubin Ingrid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing intra‐European interregional trade data, we analyze the topology of the E.U. regional trade network. A triad census analysis confirms the intuition that the interregional trade network (and, thus, the European economic integration) is far from being complete. The majority of the E.U. interregional trade patterns are characterized by simple, at best bilateral, configurations. Moreover, we analyze the effect of trade costs in shaping the topological structure of the network. It emerges that the relative presence of simple trade configurations increases with distance, while the relative presence of more complex trade configurations decreases with distance. Finally, we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of these empirical facts through a simple new economic geography model with three regions. In this model, we analyze how trade costs shape the pattern of the trade network. On the whole we find a correspondence between theoretic and empirical results. However, details differ and they suggest directions for further research.