bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Interfaces between Li Metal Anode and Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLithium metal has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials in high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high specific capacity and very low reduction potential of all possible candidates. However, the mysterious interfacial phenomena of lithium metal anode in long‐term cycles, especially Li dendrite formation and low Coulombic efficiency, have greatly plagued the practical applications of Li metal in secondary batteries. The complex interface between Li metal and electrolyte plays a very important role in regulating Li deposition and enhancing the cycling stability of a full battery. In this review, recent advances in interfacial science and engineering are summarized to afford a fundamental understanding in Li deposition behavior and present design principles in constructing robust interface to stabilize Li metal anode in a working battery. Further investigations and directions are also included to promote the exploration of Li metal anodes. In particular, the rational combination of different Li metal protection strategies is strongly commended for practically applying Li metal anode in high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries.
MoSexOy‐Coated 1D TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Efficient Interface for Light‐Driven Applications
Authors: Ng Siowwoon , Krbal Milos , Zazpe Raul , Prikryl Jan , Charvot Jaroslav , Dvořák Filip , Strizik Lukas , Slang Stanislav , Sopha Hanna , Kosto Yuliia , Matolin Vladimir , Yam Fong Kwong , Bures Filip , Macak Jan M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUltrathin molybdenum oxyselenide (MoSexOy) coatings are made first ever by atomic layer deposition (ALD) within anodic 1D TiO2 nanotube layers for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications. The coating thickness is controlled through varying ALD cycles from 5 to 50 cycles (corresponding to ≈1–10 nm). In the ultraviolet region, the coatings have enhanced up to four times the incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE), and the highest IPCE is recorded at 32% at (at λ = 365 nm). The coatings notably extend the photoresponse to the visible spectral region and remarkable improvement of photocurrent densities up to ≈40 times is registered at λ = 470 nm. As a result, the MoSexOy‐coated‐TiO2 nanotube layers have shown to be an effective photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation, and the optimal performance is credited to a coating thickness between 2 and 5 nm (feasible only by ALD). The enhancement in photoactivities of the presented heterojunction is mainly associated with the passivation effect of MoSexOy on the TiO2 nanotube walls and the suitability of bandgap position between MoSexOy and TiO2 interface for an efficient charge transfer. In addition, MoSexOy possesses a narrow bandgap, which favors the photoactivity in the visible spectral region.
Ultrathin Hydrogen Diffusion Cloak
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Chuanbao , Bai Yang , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor years, hydrogen damage is a fatal threat to metals and alloys in long‐term service. This paper introduces the transformation optics theory in metamaterials to the diffusive field, and the design of an ultrathin hydrogen diffusion cloak. Thanks to the alternately and gradually changed diffusion coefficients in adjacent layers, the laminated cloak efficiently conducts the diffusive flow to shield the central region, and drastically reduces the diffusion flux in it. More importantly, the diffusion coefficients are designed following the Laplace equation instead of conventional linear transformation, hence the cloak has a very small thickness whose core/shell ratio is two magnitudes larger than traditional designs, but the diffusion flux is even one magnitude lower. The ultrathin hydrogen diffusion cloak with excellent performance provides a promising route for hydrogen protection.
Electroplex as a New Concept of Universal Host for Improved Efficiency and Lifetime in Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Song Wook , Lee Jun Yeob , Cho Yong Joo , Yu Hyeonghwa , Aziz Hany , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new concept of host, electroplex host, is developed for high efficiency and long lifetime phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes by mixing two host materials generating an electroplex under an electric field. A carbazole‐type host and a triazine‐type host are selected as the host materials to form the electroplex host. The electroplex host is found to induce light emission through an energy transfer process rather than charge trapping, and universally improves the lifetime of red, yellow, green, and blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes by more than four times. Furthermore, the electroplex host shows much longer lifetime than a common exciplex host. This is the first demonstration of using the electroplex as the host of high efficiency and long lifetime phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes.
Efficacy and Safety of Selexipag in Adults With Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Denton Christopher P. , Hachulla Éric , Riemekasten Gabriela , Schwarting Andreas , Frenoux Jean‐Marie , Frey Aline , Le Brun Franck‐Olivier , Herrick Ariane L. ,   on behalf of the Raynaud Study Investigators
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of selexipag, an oral, selective IP prostacyclin receptor agonist, on the frequency of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsPatients with SSc‐related RP were randomized 1:1 to placebo (n = 38) or selexipag (n = 36) in individualized doses (maximum of 1,600 μg twice daily) during a 3‐week titration period. The primary end point was the weekly average number of RP attacks during the study maintenance period, analyzed using a Bayesian approach with a negative binomial model adjusted for baseline number of RP attacks. Other outcome measures included Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS), RP attack duration, and treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs).ResultsBaseline characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. For 83.3% of patients, the individualized maintenance dosage of selexipag was ≤800 μg twice daily. No significant difference was observed between placebo and selexipag in weekly average number of electronic diary (eDiary)–recorded RP attacks during the maintenance period (14.2 attacks during the maintenance period and 21.5 attacks during the baseline week in the placebo group [n = 32] versus 18.0 attacks during the maintenance period and 22.4 attacks during the baseline week in the selexipag group [n = 27]; adjusted mean treatment difference of 3.4 in favor of placebo). No significant treatment effect was observed on RCS or RP attack duration. In the double‐blind period, 86.8% of placebo‐treated patients and 100% of selexipag‐treated patients reported ≥1 AE; 55.3% and 91.7%, respectively, reported ≥1 prostacyclin‐associated AE.ConclusionTreatment with selexipag did not reduce the number of RP attacks compared with placebo. The safety profile of selexipag was similar to that previously reported. This study provides important information about the feasibility of eDiary reporting of RP attacks in clinical trials.
Charge Shift/Recombination and Triplet Formation in a Molecular Dyad based on a Borondipyrromethene (Bodipy) and an Expanded Acridinium Cation
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Benniston Andrew C. , Lemmetyinen Helge , Tkachenko Nikolai V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA molecular monocationic dyad comprising a borondipyrromethene (Bodipy) and an expanded planar acridinium cation was prepared. The dyad, when excited in solution by an ultrashort laser pulse, generates a charge‐shift state, where a positive charge is transferred to the Bodipy from the acridinium subunit. The process takes less than 1 ps in MeCN and around 8 ps in 1,2‐dichloroethane. The charge‐shift state collapses, in part, back to the ground state but it also leads to partial triplet formation; the discrimination between rates for the forward and reverse processes is circa 7.
Real‐World Evidence, Public Participation, and the FDA
Authors: Schwartz Jason L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor observers of pharmaceutical regulation and the Food and Drug Administration, these are uncertain times. Events in late 2016 raised concerns that the FDA's evidentiary standards were being weakened, compromising the agency's ability to adequately perform its regulatory and public health responsibilities. Two developments most directly contributed to these fears—the approval of eteplirsen, a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, against the recommendations of both FDA staff and an advisory committee and the December 2016 signing of the 21st Century Cures Act, which encouraged greater use by the FDA of “real‐world” evidence not obtained through randomized controlled trials. The arrival of the Trump administration—with its deregulatory, industry‐friendly approach—has only amplified concerns over the future of the FDA. It is too early to know whether the recent developments are truly harbingers of an FDA less likely to prevent unsafe or ineffective products from reaching the market. But elements in the two events—the role of patient narratives in deliberations regarding eteplirsen and the enthusiasm for real‐world evidence in the 21st Century Cures Act—raise critical issues for the future of evidence in the FDA's work. The rigorous, inclusive approach under way to consider issues related to real‐world evidence provides a model for a similarly needed inquiry regarding public participation in FDA decision‐making.
Freezing Eggs and Creating Patients: Moral Risks of Commercialized Fertility
Authors: Reis Elizabeth , Reis‐Dennis Samuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere's no doubt that reproductive technologies can transform lives for the better. Infertile couples and single, lesbian, gay, intersex, and transgender people have the potential to form families in ways that would have been inconceivable years ago. Yet we are concerned about the widespread commercialization of certain egg‐freezing programs, the messages they propagate about motherhood, the way they blur the line between care and experimentation, and the manipulative and exaggerated marketing that stretches the truth and inspires false hope in women of various ages. We argue that although reproductive technology, and egg freezing in particular, promise to improve women's care by offering more choices to achieve pregnancy and childbearing, they actually have the potential to be disempowering. First, commercial motives in the fertility industry distort women's medical deliberations, thereby restricting their autonomy; second, having the option to freeze their eggs can change the meaning of women's reproductive choices in a way that is limiting rather than liberating.
Online interventions to address HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a systematic review
Authors: Knight Rod , Karamouzian Mohammad , Salway Travis , Gilbert Mark , Shoveller Jean 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) continue to experience disproportionately high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections (STBBIs). As such, there are strong public health imperatives to evaluate innovative prevention, treatment and care interventions, including online interventions. This study reviewed and assessed the status of published research (e.g. effectiveness; acceptability; differential effects across subgroups) involving online interventions that address HIV/STBBIs among young gbMSM.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify relevant English‐language publications from inception to November 2016. Studies that assessed an online intervention regarding the prevention, care, or treatment of HIV/STBBIs were included. Studies with <50% gbMSM or with a mean age ≥30 years were excluded.ResultsOf the 3465 articles screened, 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies assessed interventions at the “proof‐of‐concept” phase, while one study assessed an intervention in the dissemination phase. All of the studies focused on behavioural or knowledge outcomes at the individual level (e.g. condom use, testing behaviour), and all but one reported a statistically significant effect on ≥1 primary outcomes. Twelve studies described theory‐based interventions. Twelve were conducted in the United States, with study samples focusing mainly on White, African‐American and/or Latino populations; the remaining were conducted in Hong Kong, Peru, China, and Thailand. Thirteen studies included gay and bisexual men; four studies did not assess sexual identity. Two studies reported including both HIV+ and HIV− participants, and all but one study included one or more measure of socio‐economic status. Few studies reported on the differential intervention effects by socio‐economic status, sexual identity, race or serostatus.ConclusionWhile online interventions show promise at addressing HIV/STBBI among young gbMSM, to date, little emphasis has been placed on assessing: (i) potential differential effects of interventions across subgroups of young gbMSM; (ii) effectiveness studies of interventions in the dissemination phase; and (iii) on some “key” populations of young gbMSM (e.g. those who are: transgender, from low‐income settings and/or HIV positive). Future research that unpacks the potentially distinctive experiences of particular subgroups with “real world” interventions is needed.
Gute Traditionen, schlechte Traditionen
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn diesem Jahr wurde die GDCh 68 Jahre alt – und feierte auf dem Wissenschaftsforum in Berlin ihr 150‐jähriges Jubiläum. Denn sie sieht sich als Nachfolgeorganisation von gleich zwei chemischen Gesellschaften aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.
Geopolymere als Spezialbaustoff
Authors: Vogt Oliver , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSäure‐ und hitzebeständige Baustoffe entstehen, wenn bestimmte pulverförmige Feststoffe mit alkalischen Aktivatorlösungen kombiniert werden. Diese Baustoffe härten nicht nur schneller als zementbasierte, sondern bei ihrer Produktion wird auch weniger Kohlendioxid frei.
Solarzellen ohne Silicium für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Zeller Diana , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSchüler können lichtgetriebene Zellen auf Titandioxidbasis selbst herstellen, verschiedene Zellanordnungen testen, mit Extrakten von Früchten oder Gewürzen sensibilisieren und so Leistung und Lichtempfindlichkeit der Zellen verändern. Damit erhalten sie Einblicke in ein modernes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet.
Warnende Moleküle im Blutkreislauf
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWer sich den Kopf stößt oder verdächtige Schmerzen im Brustbereich spürt, wüsste am liebsten sofort, ob ein Schädel‐Hirn‐Trauma beziehungsweise ein Herzinfarkt vorliegt. Molekulare Marker helfen bereits jetzt, die Situation einzuschätzen, doch die Suche nach neuen, besseren Biomarkern geht weiter.
Gemeinsam mehr erreichen
Authors: Bräutigam Maximilian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrtsverbandsvorsitzende und Vertreter des GDCh‐JungChemikerForums trafen sich am 6. Oktober mit Mitarbeitern der GDCh‐Geschäftsstelle zur zweijährlichen Klausurtagung in der Frankfurter City. Wie bei den Treffen zuvor setzten die Teilnehmer und die Referenten Impulse, die zu einer Weiterentwicklung der GDCh‐Regionalstrukturen beitragen sollen.
Erfolgsmodell oder zweite Wahl?
Authors: Hartmann Jens , Groteklaes Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften, früher Fachhochschulen, haben ihre eigene Rolle in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft. Sie punkten mit Praxisnähe und engem Kontakt zu Industrieunternehmen in der Region. Dagegen müssen sie bei der Forschung in der Chemie Nachteile gegenüber den Universitäten ausgleichen.
Neuauflage: Zweites German‐Spanish Symposium on Frontiers in Chemistry
Authors: Vazquez Olalla , Garcia Mancheno Olga 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEnde September fand am Institut Català d‘Investigació Química (ICIQ) in Tarragona zum zweiten Mal das German‐Spanish Symposium on Frontiers in Chemistry statt – vor 17 Jahren gab es das letzte bilaterale Treffen zwischen deutschen und spanischen Chemikern. An der dreitägigen Veranstaltung nahmen insgesamt 115 Wissenschaftler teil, darunter 19 Gruppenleiter aus beiden Ländern. Ziel des Symposiums war, ein Netzwerk aufzubauen, um gemeinsam an wissenschaftlichen Fragen zu arbeiten.
Divergent leaf shapes among Passiflora species arise from a shared juvenile morphology
Authors: Chitwood Daniel H. , Otoni Wagner C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNot only does leaf shape vary between Passiflora species, but between sequential nodes of the vine. The profound changes in leaf shape within Passiflora vines reflect the temporal development of the shoot apical meristem from which leaves are derived and patterned, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. We perform a morphometric analysis of more than 3,300 leaves from 40 different Passiflora species using two different methods: homologous landmarks and Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs). Changes in leaf shape across the vine are first quantified in allometric terms; that is, changes in the relative area of leaf subregions expressed in terms of overall leaf area. Shape is constrained to strict linear relationships as a function of size that vary between species. Statistical analysis of leaf shape, using landmarks and EFDs, reveals that species effects (regardless of node) are the strongest, followed by interaction effects between species and heteroblasty (i.e., species‐specific patterns in leaf shape across nodes) and that heteroblasty effects across nodes (regardless of species) are negligible. The ability of different nodes to predictively discriminate species and the variability of landmark and EFD traits at each node is then analyzed. Heteroblastic trajectories, the changes in leaf shape between the first and last measured leaves in a vine, are then compared between species in a multivariate space. Leaf shape diversity among Passiflora species is expressed in a heteroblastic‐dependent manner, unique to each species. Leaf shape is constrained by linear, allometric relationships related to leaf size that vary between species. There is a strong species × heteroblasty interaction effect for leaf shape, suggesting that different leaf shapes between species arise through changes in shape across nodes specific to each species. The first leaves in the series are not only more like each other, but are also less variable across species. From this similar, shared leaf shape, subsequent leaves in the heteroblastic series follow divergent morphological trajectories. The disparate leaf shapes characteristic of Passiflora species arise from a shared, juvenile morphology.
A Novel Regulatory Mechanism for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Redox State of DJ‐1 Matters
Authors: Yamawaki Hideyuki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are multifunctional gas transmitters with diverse biological actions (adverse vs beneficial) dependent on their level. The differentiation of vascular stem cells into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) might be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, controlling the differentiation of vascular stem cells is a potential strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases. Nonetheless, it remains to be revealed whether ROS could mediate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into SMCs. In addition, there are no redox (reduction–oxidation)‐sensitive molecules identified, which are responsible for the ROS‐induced differentiation of MSCs. In article number 1700208, Baek et al. [Proteomics 2017, 17, Issue 21] found that ROS mediate the differentiation of MSCs into SMCs through the modification of redox states of a multifunctional ROS‐responsive protein, DJ‐1, revealing a novel regulatory mechanism for differentiation of MSCs into SMCs and shedding light into the future development of stem‐cell‐targeted pharmacotherapy.
Enhanced Field Emission Performance of MoO3 Nanorods and MoO3‐rGO Nanocomposite
Authors: Bankar Prashant K. , Khandare Lina N. , Late Dattatray J. , More Mahendra A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe graphene and semiconducting hybrid based nanostructures have emerged as a new class of multifunctional materials with improved performance in comparison to the pristine semiconductors. Here, as‐synthesized MoO3‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite emitter exhibits enhanced field emission (FE) behavior as compared to the pristine 1D MoO3 nanorods. The hydrothermally synthesized 1D MoO3 nanorods (1D) are grafted on the rGO sheet (2D) using a simple room temperature sonochemical method. The morphological and structural analysis confirms the attachment of MoO3 nanorods with rGO and the improved conductivity of the sample indicates a strong electronic interaction between them. Furthermore, the FE studies of as‐synthesized MoO3 nanorods and MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite emitters, carried out at a base pressure ∼1×10−8 mbar, reveals the values of turn on field (required to draw an emission current density of 1 μA/cm2) as 1.6 and 1.4 V/μm, respectively. Interestingly, the maximum emission current density of 2810 μA/cm2 is achieved at a lower applied field of 2.7 V/μm from the MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite emitter. The enhancement in FE performance of MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite is attributed to the improved electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and higher concentration of protruding edges (emission sites). This observation can be extended to other graphene‐based 1D inorganic hybrid semiconductor nanocomposites, which can provide a valuable opportunity to explore novel hybrid materials for vacuum nano‐electronic devices.
Highly Diastereoselective Syntheses of Spiro‐Oxindole Dihydrofuran Derivatives in Aqueous Media and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Bhojani Gopal , Tak Rajkumar , Jakhar Ajay , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Chatterjee Shruti , Kureshy Rukhsana I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of substituted spiro‐oxindole dihydrofuran ring derivatives were synthesized in good yields up to 94% and excellent diastereoselectivity ≥99% by simple tandem Michael ‐ cyclization in aqueous media using DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) as a catalyst and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as a promoter at ambient temperature. These molecules displayed promising antibacterial activity in vitro against pathogenic strains viz Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella boydii with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values better than the standard antibiotic ampicillin.