bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desert Vegetation Forty Years after an Oil Spill
Authors: Nothers Mara , Segev Nitzan , Kreyling Juergen , Hjazin Amgad , Groner Elli 
Published: April 2017

Deserts are the most frequent locations of terrestrial crude oil contaminations. Nevertheless, the long‐term effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on desert ecosystems are still unknown, which makes risk assessment and decision making concerning remediation difficult. This study examined the long‐term effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on perennial desert vegetation. The study site was a hyper‐arid area in the south of Israel, which was contaminated by a crude oil spill in 1975. The contaminated area was compared to uncontaminated reference areas. The composition of perennial plants 40 yr after the oil spill was not significantly affected by the contamination. However, the size distribution of the two most dominant shrub species, Salsola cyclophylla Baker and Hammada salicornia (Moq.) Iljin., and the only tree species, Acacia raddiana Savi and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, were different from the reference. These differences can be explained by decreased recruitment. The estimated recruitment of Acacia in the last 40 yr post oil spill was 74% less than recruitment in the reference area. Low recruitment of Acacia may in the future lead to the loss of tree cover, which would change the entire ecosystem, as Acacias are keystone species on which a number of microorganisms, plants, and animals rely. Remediation of oil spills and preventative measures are recommended.Core Ideas
Long‐term effects of an oil spill on plants in a hyper arid desert were studied.
An area that had been contaminated 40 yr ago was compared to reference areas.
The community composition of perennial plants was not altered.
Recruitment of Acacia, the only tree and keystone species, was diminished.
Multisite Evaluation of APEX for Water Quality: I. Best Professional Judgment Parameterization
Authors: Baffaut Claire , Nelson Nathan O. , Lory John A. , Senaviratne G.M.M.M. Anomaa , Bhandari Ammar B. , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Sweeney Daniel W. , Helmers Matt J. , Van Liew Mike W. , Mallarino Antonio P. , Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: April 2017

The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is capable of estimating edge‐of‐field water, nutrient, and sediment transport and is used to assess the environmental impacts of management practices. The current practice is to fully calibrate the model for each site simulation, a task that requires resources and data not always available. The objective of this study was to compare model performance for flow, sediment, and phosphorus transport under two parameterization schemes: a best professional judgment (BPJ) parameterization based on readily available data and a fully calibrated parameterization based on site‐specific soil, weather, event flow, and water quality data. The analysis was conducted using 12 datasets at four locations representing poorly drained soils and row‐crop production under different tillage systems. Model performance was based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination (r2) and the regression slope between simulated and measured annualized loads across all site years. Although the BPJ model performance for flow was acceptable (NSE = 0.7) at the annual time step, calibration improved it (NSE = 0.9). Acceptable simulation of sediment and total phosphorus transport (NSE = 0.5 and 0.9, respectively) was obtained only after full calibration at each site. Given the unacceptable performance of the BPJ approach, uncalibrated use of APEX for planning or management purposes may be misleading. Model calibration with water quality data prior to using APEX for simulating sediment and total phosphorus loss is essential.Core Ideas
Uncalibrated, APEX produced unacceptable site‐specific sediment and TP estimates.
Acceptable runoff estimates do not translate to acceptable water quality estimates.
Distributions of successfully calibrated performance indicator values were normal.
Calibration of the APEX model with water quality data remains an essential step.
BALLNESS É TÃO EFICAZ QUANTO IOGA NA PROMOÇÃO DE FLEXIBILIDADE EM MULHERES DE MEIA IDADE
Authors: Vieira Laisa Cruz Torres , Rodrigues Júnior Jefferson Fernando Coelho , Magalhães Neivan José Andrade , Oliveira Caio Victor Coutinho de , Ribeiro Sergio Luiz Galan , Santos Marcos Antonio Pereira dos 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>A incorporação da prática de modalidades alternativas de exercício para promoção da flexibilidade é cada vez mais comum. Estudos demonstram associação entre índices de flexibilidade e qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, a ioga e o <em>ballness </em>surgem<em> </em>como ferramentas capazes de aumentar a flexibilidade dos indivíduos. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Comparar os níveis de flexibilidade da flexão do tronco de mulheres de meia idade praticantes de <em>ballness</em> e de ioga. <strong>Métodos: </strong>24 mulheres de meia idade foram voluntariamente selecionadas. Foram divididas em três grupos (n=8/grupo): controle (C) (48,87±2,80anos), <em>ballness</em> (B) (48,62±5,63anos) e ioga (I) (49,12±5,48anos). Para inclusão no estudo, os sujeitos de <em>(B) </em>e (I) deveriam ser praticantes a seis meses da modalidade, com frequência mínima de 2 sessões/semana. Ademais, toda amostra deveria estar isenta de lesão na região lombo sacra, no quadril e na musculatura dos membros inferiores. A flexibilidade foi mensurada utilizando o banco de <em>Wells, </em>utilizando o <em>post</em> <em>hoc</em> de <em>Tukey </em>para comparação entre tratamentos (p&lt;0,05). <strong>Resultados: </strong>A flexibilidade dos grupos exercícios (B e I) demonstrou-se maior que a do grupo (C) (p&lt;0,05 para (I) e p&lt;0,001 para (B)), sendo a média da distância alcançada em (B) foi de 37,1±6,0cm contra 32,1±6,1cm de (I) e 20,5±3,1cm de (C), sem diferenças entre (B) e (I). Adicionalmente, no teste de “sentar e alcançar”, os sujeitos dos grupos (B) e (I) apresentaram prevalência do nível “bom” de 37% e 37,5%, respectivamente, enquanto que ninguém de (C) mostrou-se nessa condição.<strong> Conclusões:</strong> A prática regular de <em>ballness </em>e de<em> </em>ioga<em> </em>em<em> </em>mulheres de meia idade são suficientes para promover maior flexibilidade em comparação às sedentárias.</p><p> </p>
O COTIDIANO DE PÓS-GRADUANDOS STRICTO SENSU EM ENFERMAGEM DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Freitag Vera Lucia , Jung Bianca Contreira de , Badke Marcio Rossato , Ubessi Liamara Denise , Lemões Marcos Aurélio Matos , Milbrath Viviane Marten 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>Para obter o grau acadêmico de Mestre ou Doutor, implica alguns benefícios pessoais, profissionais e institucionais, mas para isso é necessário uma organização na vida em relação ao estudo, trabalho, lazer, descanso, família e alimentação. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Conhecer o cotidiano de pós-graduandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem (PPGEnf) de uma Universidade Federal do Sul do Brasil. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Estudo consiste em um relato de experiência realizado por alunos do PPGEnf. O estudo foi constituído por dois mestrandos e três doutorandos durante o mês de julho de 2014. Para análise utilizou-se a proposta de Bardin. <strong>Resultados: </strong>Constituído por dois itens: Caracterização dos participantes do estudo; A organização na vida diária dos estudantes de mestrado e doutorado. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Existe preocupação constante entre os estudantes referente à construção de seus projetos, entretanto, encontram tempo para o lazer, o estar com a família, o estudar, existindo assim uma organização no cotidiano dos alunos.</p>
AS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DAS VIOLAÇÕES AOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DURANTE A DITADURA MILITAR
Authors: Da Silva Lucas Goulart 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong> RESUMO</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar os reflexos atuais oriundos das violações aos direitos fundamentais durante a ditadura militar, estabelecendo-se um paralelo com a tentativa brasileira de revisão da Lei de Anistia através da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundametal nº 153. Ação judicial proposta pelo Conselho Nacional da OAB e negada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, que reafirmou a validade da lei. Será analisada a condenação sofrida pelo Brasil no caso Gomes Lund <em>vs.</em> Brasil, perante a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, na qual o Estado brasileiro restou obrigado a reparar os danos causados às vítimas pelas atrocidades cometidas durante a Guerrilha do Araguaia.</p> <p>Palavras-chave: Direitos e Garantias Fundamentais. Violação de Direitos. Ditadura Militar.</p>
ENTRE OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E A PRESSÃO POLÍTICA: O CASO BELO MONTE NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO
Authors: Pozzatti Junior Ademar , Ribeiro Luana Isis 
Published: April 2017

<p>O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a atuação do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no caso da Usina Hidroelétrica de Belo Monte e a postura do Estado brasileiro diante da recomendação apresentada por meio da medida cautelar 382/2010 pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, a primeira parte deste aritgo analisa o debate acerca da construção da Usina Hidroelétrica de Belo Monte no Pará e todos os aspectos que envolvem a suposta violação dos Direitos Humanos decorrentes dessa obra, especialmente os danos causados à identidade cultural de todas as populações atingidas. Posteriormente, serão investigados os fundamentos da petição inicial apresentada pelas das organizações de Proteção de Direitos Humanos e Ambientais perante a Comissão Interamericana. Por fim será analizada o conteúdo da Medida Cautelar 382/10 da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, bem como a postura do Estado brasileiro frente a essa recomendação, o que resulou na sua revogação. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto utilizar-se-á o método de estudo de caso. Como método de pesquisa utilizou-se o método bibliográfico e documental, especialmente a doutrina teórico-conceitual dos Direitos Humanos e os documentos oficiais relacionados a Belo Monte.</p>
Expansão escolar na periferia de São Paulo: o caso de Ermelino Matarazzo
Authors: Dantas Adriana Santiago Rosa , Perosa Graziela Serroni 
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a expansão dos estabelecimentos escolares do distrito de Ermelino Matarazzo, localizado na periferia de São Paulo, com base na relação entre dimensão, densidade e heterogeneidade social de uma cultura urbana. Para tanto, analisa-se o crescimento geográfico e populacional e como a influência desses fatores se manifestou na instalação de escolas públicas e privadas, explicitando as diferenças internas do distrito.
Effect of Metformin and Statin Use on Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jian-Yu E , Graber Judith M. , Lu Shou-En , Lin Yong , Lu-Yao Grace , Tan Xiang-Lin 
Published: April 2017

Background and Objective: Current epidemiological studies report conflicting
results for the effect of statin or metformin on pancreatic cancer overall survival. This literature
review and meta-analysis summarize the studies reporting an association between
statin or metformin use and overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients.

Methods:
We systematically searched for studies about the association between statin or
metformin use and pancreatic cancer overall survival in electronic databases (PubMed, ISI
Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar). A meta-analysis based
on hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed using random
effect models. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined using I2 statistics, and sensitivity
analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.

Results:
Of 116 statin-related articles identified, 6 retrospective cohort studies representing
12,057 patients were included. There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Statin
use was associated with improved survival among pancreatic cancer patients (meta-HR =
0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.90; P < 0.001). Of 311 metformin-related articles, 8 retrospective cohort
studies and 2 randomized clinical trials, representing 3,042 patients were identified.
Metformin use was associated with better overall survival among pancreatic cancer patients
(meta-HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.92, P < 0.001), and significant heterogeneity was observed
between studies.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the improved survival time of pancreatic cancer patients
are associated with statin or metformin use. Due to the multiple sources of heterogeneity
of the original studies, these findings should be considered cautiously, and confirmed
with larger prospective individual-level studies.
Clinical Analysis of Analgesics and Steroids Use for Extraction of Teeth in Patients with Intellectual Disability Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Maeda Shigeru , Honda Yuka , Tanimura Hiroshi , Tomoyasu Yumiko , Higuchi Hitoshi , Murata Naomichi , Egusa Masahiko , Miyawaki Takuya 
Published: April 2017

Background:
The extraction of lower wisdom teeth is often performed under general anesthesia in patients with intellectual disabilities. However, the choice of analgesics has not yet been investigated.

Objective:
To analyze the use of analgesics during general anesthesia for extraction including lower wisdom teeth in patients with intellectual disabilities.

Methods:
This research is a retrospective observational study. The study population was composed of all patients presenting for extraction of lower wisdom teeth under ambulatory general anesthesia in the clinic of Special Needs Dentistry in Okayama University Hospital from April 2011 to March 2016. The distribution of the combination of analgesics and the relationship between the use of analgesics and the type of extraction were investigated.

Results:
One hundred and twelve cases were enrolled in this study. Intravenous injections of flurbiprofen, acetaminophen and betamethasone were used in 96 (85.7%), 12 (10.7%) and 26 cases (23.2%), respectively. Flurbiprofen is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is an old analgesic, but an injection of acetaminophen is new, which was released in 2013 in Japan. And betamethasone is not an analgesic, but a steroid. Betamethasone was used in combination with other analgesics, and was used at a higher dose in a case in which four wisdom teeth were extracted.

Conclusion:
Flurbiprofen was the main analgesic used for extraction of wisdom teeth under general anesthesia in patients with intellectual disabilities. Betamethasone was used to support flurbiprofen or acetaminophen for extractions of multiple wisdom teeth, with the aim of controlling swelling rather than relieving pain.
Порівняння поширеності, захворюваності та інвалідності з нервових хвороб і епілепсії серед дитячого населення Харківської області й України
Authors: Sukhonosova O. 
Published: April 2017

У статті надані результати зіставлення поширеності, захворюваності та інвалідності з нервових хвороб і епілепсії серед дитячого населення Харківської області й України і порівняння отриманих результатів із світовими показниками. В 2015 році серед дитячого населення 0–17 років в Україні зареєстровано 407 618 дітей із хворобами нервової системи, що становить 53,53 випадку на 1000 дитячого населення, середній показник за 5 років — 459 300 дітей (58,354 ‰), в Харківській області — 36 494 дитини (86,28 ‰), середній показник — 39 883 дитини (94,476 ‰). Поширеність епілепсії в Україні становить 25 695 випадків (3,21 ‰) та перевищує поширеність дитячого церебрального паралічу, нейроінфекції, середній показник за 5 років — 24 667 випадків (3,144 ‰), в Харківській області — 1451 випадок (3,43 ‰), середній показник — 1340 випадків (3,21 ‰). Захворюваність дітей на хвороби нервової системи в Україні становить 140 494 випадки (18,45 ‰), середній показник за 5 років — 159 215 дітей (20,29 ‰), в Харківській області — 11 871 дитина (28,07 ‰), середній показник — 13 795 дітей (33,068 ‰). Захворюваність на епілепсію в Україні в дітей становить 3306 випадків (0,43 ‰), середній показник за 5 років — 3569 дітей (0,454 ‰), в Харківській області — 252 дитини (0,53 ‰), середній показник — 201,2 дитини (0,468 ‰). В Україні за останні 5 років відзначається тенденція до зниження поширеності та захворюваності на хвороби нервової системи в дітей, а в Харківській області в 2014–2015 рр. спостерігається збільшення цих показників, що пов’язано, мабуть, з міграцією населення. У структурі інвалідності дітей віком до 18 років в Україні хвороби нервової системи займають 2-ге місце та становлять 29 684 випадки (37,1 на 10 000 дітей), питома вага — 17,6 %, в Харківській області — 1770 (41,8 на 10 000 дітей). Таким чином, надані результати роботи дозволили проаналізувати групу дітей до 18 років c захворюваннями нервової системи, визначити ряд епідеміологічних показників по Харківській області, оцінити в першу чергу місце і значення епілепсії, порівняти отримані дані з загальноукраїнськими. Це в подальшому дозволить провести порівняльні характеристики і більш поглиблені дослідження проблеми по всій Україні для оптимізації надання медичної допомоги дітям.
Egy nyílt platformú, önszabályozó városüzemeltetési modell, avagy létrejöhet-e gépi és humán technológia szimbiózisa az energiagazdálkodásban?
Authors: Szerkesztői tartalom / Editorial content 
Published: April 2017

2015 őszén Budapest Főváros Önkormányzata elindította egy nagyléptékű, Horizon 2020 pályázati forrásokat megcélzó okos város projekt kidolgozását. Ebben a rövid összefoglalásban a projekt fejlődésének három szakaszát mutatjuk be. Az elkészült pályázat villámportréja remekül illusztrálja, hogyan simíthatóak össze a különböző városok saját elképzelései, hogy teljesen új, egységes
egészet tudjanak alkotni.

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An open platform, self-regulating urban management model, or the emergence of the symbiosis of human technology and machine technology in power management?
Subdural Hemorrhage and Hypoxia in Children Less than Two Years Old
Authors: McCubbin Kathleen , Thoma Lauren , Mena Hernando , Gill James R. 
Published: April 2017

The majority of subdural hemorrhages (SDH) are due to acceleration-deceleration forces associated with blunt head injury. So-called spontaneous subdural hemorrhages are described with coagulopathies, hemodialysis, hemophilia, and as extensions of hemorrhages due to other causes such as ruptured cerebral artery aneurysms. Recently, some have proposed that hypoxia causes subdural hemorrhage in infants and children. Materials and Methods Of 1,190 deaths of children younger than two years of age, we analyzed 366 that were due to asphyxial mechanisms, respiratory disease, prematurity, seizures, and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. All underwent autopsy and 97% included a consultant neuropathology examination. Results Of the 366 decedents, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was diagnosed in 73 (20%) and evidence of subdural hemorrhage in 34 (9%). Of the 73 HIE deaths, 14 (19%) had SDH. Among these 14, 12 involved prematurity and/or perinatal HIE. Among the 20 fatalities with SDHs but without HIE, all were premature infants and/or had a SDH that pathologically pre-dated the putative hypoxic-ischemic event. Of the 34 SDHs, 24 were organized neomembranes and ten were organizing hemorrhages. Discussion SDHs that are not caused by acceleration-deceleration forces are routinely recognized in infants and children. Usually, they are clinically silent and may be associated with prematurity and perinatal birth events. At autopsy, subdural neomembranes frequently are incidental findings in infants and children who die from a variety of causes. This study does not support the theory that hypoxic-ischemic injury in infants and children causes subdural hemorrhage.
Histologic Patterns of Acute Lung Injury and Issues in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Beasley Mary Beth 
Published: April 2017

Context Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are significant causes of pulmonary morbidity and are frequently fatal. These two entities have precise definitions from a clinical standpoint. Histologically, cases from patients with clinical acute lung injury typically exhibit diffuse alveolar damage, but other histologic patterns may occasionally be encountered such as acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, and diffuse hemorrhage with capillaritis. Objective To review the diagnostic criteria for various histologic patterns associated with a clinical presentation of acute lung injury and to provide diagnostic aids and discuss the differential diagnosis. Data Sources The review is drawn from pertinent peer-reviewed literature and the author's personal experience. Conclusions Acute lung injury remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The pathologist should be aware of histologic patterns of lung disease other than diffuse alveolar damage which are associated with a clinical presentation of acute lung injury. Identification of these alternate histologic findings as well as identification of potential etiologic agents, especially infection, may impact patient treatment and disease outcome.
Homicidal Neck Compression of Females: Autopsy and Sexual Assault Findings
Authors: Gill James R. , Cavalli Dennis P. , Ely Susan F. , Stahl-Herz Jay 
Published: April 2017

Homicides due to neck compression have been noted to commonly occur with sexual assault motives. We reviewed all female homicides in which the cause of death involved neck compression, smothering, and/or asphyxia. Medical examiner records included autopsy, toxicology, and investigators’ reports. There were 78 homicides: age from 8–81 years (mean 35 years). The causes of death involved: 68 neck compressions, eight smotherings, and two homicidal asphyxias. Of the deaths caused by neck compression: 93% had injury of the soft tissues of the neck, 80% had external neck injury, 79% had petechiae of the eyes/face, and 28% had a fractured hyoid and/ or thyroid cartilage. Three decedents (4%) had no external injury or petechiae but did have soft tissue injury on internal examination. There was evidence of recent sexual activity/assault in 34/78 (44%) decedents. Although the majority of deaths due to compression of the neck had evidence of external injury and petechiae, deaths due to compression of the neck can be missed without an internal examination (20% had no external neck injury, and 4% had no external neck injury or petechiae). The absence of external injury or hyoid/thyroid cartilage fracture does not exclude fatal neck compression. The association of recent sexual activity/assault in 44% of the decedents supports the common forensic maxim to consider sexual assault (and collect sexual assault evidence) in instances of suspected neck compression/smothering deaths. Similarly, one should suspect neck compression in deaths with evidence of a sexual assault.