bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five- and ten-year follow-up of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties in obese and non-obese patients
Authors: Gregor Reinhold H. , Hooper Gary J. , Frampton Christopher 
Published: October 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether obesity had a detrimental effect on the long-term performance and survival of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs).MethodsThis study reviewed prospectively collected functional outcome scores and revision rates of all medial UKA patients with recorded BMI performed in Christchurch, New Zealand, from January 2011 to September 2021. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were the primary outcome of this study, with all-cause revision rate analyzed as a secondary outcome. PROMs were taken preoperatively, at six months, one year, five years, and ten years postoperatively. There were 873 patients who had functional scores recorded at five years and 164 patients had scores recorded at ten years. Further sub-group analysis was performed based on the patient’s BMI. Revision data were available through the New Zealand Joint Registry for 2,323 UKAs performed during this time period.ResultsObese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2) were 3.1 years younger than non-obese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m2) at the time of surgery (mean age of obese patients 65.5 years (SD 9.7) and mean age of non-obese patients 68.6 years (SD 10.1)). Preoperatively, obese patients tended to have significantly lower functional scores than non-obese patients, which continued at five and ten years postoperatively. At these timepoints, obese patients had significantly lower scores for most PROMs measured compared to non-obese patients. However, there was no significant difference in the improvement of any of these scores after surgery between obese and non-obese patients. There was no significant difference in revision rates between obese and non-obese patients at any time. All-cause revision rate for obese patients was 0.73 per 100 observed component years compared to 0.67 in non-obese patients at ten years. There was also no significant difference in the aseptic loosening rate between groups.ConclusionOur study supports the use of UKAs in obese patients, with similar benefit and survival compared to non-obese patients at ten years.
Sub-nm precise measurement of adhesive gaps by imaging interferometry
Authors: Schödel René , Ernst Hans-Henning , Walkov Alexander , Grossmann Jan 
Published: October 2024

Adhesives are often used to bond optical components such as mirrors or lenses in high-precision applications. Adhesives absorb moisture in air or release it in vacuum, which is accompanied by expansion or shrinkage, respectively. In this paper, it is proposed to use absolute length measuring imaging interferometry as a method for adhesive gaps with sub-nm accuracy. The method is based on the idea that an adhesive gap is measured as part of an overall length that includes the adhesive gap and the length of a test specimen. For this purpose, a test specimen of known length is bonded to an end plate. A major advantage of the method is that the thickness of the gap can be measured over any period. Test specimens are made of ULE, with very good parallelism of the adhesive gaps when glued to the end plate, which is ensured by an autocollimation setup. Measurements on samples with adhesive gap are carried out in PTB’s precision interferometer and show shrinkage in vacuum over several years and temporary swelling when water vapor of approximately 10 hPa is injected to vacuum, which, in air, corresponds to a relative humidity of approximately 42% at 20°C. Measurement results for the common adhesive 3M Scotch-Weld DP-460EG, gap thickness approximately 100 µm, are shown as an example. To prove that the measured length changes are only due to the behavior of the adhesive gap, a sample without an adhesive bond was used. Measurements on this sample reveal that the length changes without adhesive are within approximately 0.1 nm under comparable conditions. On the adhesive sample, on the other hand, drying in a vacuum and water vapor treatment lead to shrinkage and swelling, respectively. These long-term processes can be described very well by simple but empirical fitting functions. The measurement uncertainty budget results in typical values of approximately 0.3 nm for changes of the adhesive gap thickness. This is orders of magnitude more accurate than was previously possible using traditional methods on adhesive samples.
Plasma pesticide residues–serum 8-OHdG among farmers/non-farmers diagnosed with lymphoma, leukaemia and breast cancers: A case-control study
Authors: Pandiyan Arun , Lari Summaiya , Vanka Janardhan , Kumar Balakrishnan Senthil , Ghosh Sudip , Jee Babban , Jonnalagadda Padmaja R. 
Published: October 2024

Background
A hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between exposure through various pesticide residues detected in the plasma and serum 8-OHdG levels among farmers and non-farmers diagnosed with leukaemia, lymphoma and breast cancers and compare the same with healthy controls with no cancer and no exposure.

Methodology
The present study was conducted among the farmers and non-farmers visiting a regional tertiary cancer care hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. Data were collected by administering a pre-tested questionnaire through an interview followed by the collection of blood samples which were analyzed for pesticide residues using LC-MS/MS while the serum levels of 8-OHdG were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.

Results
The pesticide residues detected were chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, malathion, phosalone, and quinalphos which were approved and recommended for their use on the crops that were cultivated by the farmers in their plasma samples along with banned pesticide residues like monocrotophos, diazinon, and dichlorvos among farmers diagnosed with all three types of cancers while the non-farmers and healthy controls were not detected with any such residues. In addition, farmers diagnosed with leukemia had higher levels of all the pesticide residues in their plasma than those diagnosed with lymphoma and breast cancers. Further, a significant difference was also observed between profenofos residues in plasma and serum 8-OHdG levels.

Conclusion
In the present study, though the farmers diagnosed with three types of cancers were detected with various types of pesticide residues analysed, only residues of profenofos showed a significant difference with serum levels of 8-OHdG suggesting the need for an in-depth follow up molecular studies in a larger cohort to assess the possible association between 8-OHdG levels with the pesticide residues among the exposed.
Sociodemographic inequalities in the uptake of prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alie Melsew Setegn , Negesse Yilkal , Girma Desalegn 
Published: October 2024

Background
In order to attain the ambitious 95-95-95 UNAIDS goals, HIV testing serves as the pivotal starting point and plays a crucial role in preventing, treating, and managing HIV. Equal access to HIV testing is crucial to stop the spread of the virus. Measuring healthcare disparities is vital for promoting fairness in health services and achieving global goals for HIV prevention and treatment. Ethiopia is actively engaged in efforts to achieve these goals and is dedicated to combating HIV/AIDS. To the best of our knowledge, no previous systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted on sociodemographic inequalities in prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to assess sociodemographic inequalities in prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted an extensive search across various databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, to collect articles and reports. The data we gathered was then exported to R software for further analysis. Our analysis involved performing a meta-analysis of proportions using a random effect model. To assess the variability among the included studies, we used statistical measures such as I2 statistics and the Cochran’s Q test. The results of the pooled prenatal HIV testing, along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval, were presented using a forest plot.

Results
A comprehensive analysis of 20 research papers on prenatal HIV testing in Ethiopia revealed that the overall pooled prevalence of testing was 69% (95% CI [60.0–80.0]). Factors such as higher education, urban residence, income, a positive attitude towards testing, marriage, and discussions about testing during antenatal care (ANC) were found to positively influence testing rates.

Conclusion
The prevalence of prenatal HIV testing among antenatal care attendees in Ethiopia falls short of the UNAIDS target. In order to enhance the testing rates, it is advised to implement targeted initiatives within Ethiopia’s public health programs. To ensure effectiveness, these initiatives should adopt a sustainable and customized approach that takes into account the specific needs and circumstances of women, particularly those who are economically disadvantaged. Ethiopia can make significant strides in enhancing the prenatal HIV testing landscape by effectively implementing policies and programs that prioritize the welfare of the less privileged.

Limitations
As limitation this systematic review did not include longitudinal and qualitative studies that might have provided different results.

Clinical trial registration
Trial registration in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024550564.
Trend and determinants of tobacco use among Indian males over a 22-year period (1998–2021) using nationally representative data
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , Mal Piyasa , Bhadra Dhiman , Rajaa Sathish , Goel Sonu 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Tobacco consumption is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. India is one of the largest consumers of tobacco worldwide. We assessed the trend of tobacco use among Indian males over a period of 20 years using data obtained from four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).

Methods
Data on tobacco usage and relevant socioeconomic variables obtained from NFHS rounds 2 to 5 over the period 1998–2021, was used for analysis. Specifically, data were available for 138,951 males from NFHS-2, 74,369 males from NFHS-3, 112,222 males from NFHS-4, and 101,839 males from NFHS-5. Significance of association between various socio-economic factors and tobacco usage was ascertained using a multicategory logistic regression model.

Results
Among all the forms of tobacco, smokeless tobacco was predominantly used by Indian males. The proportion of smokers and those using both smoke and smokeless forms peaked during NFHS-3, followed by a consistent dip; however, the use of smokeless tobacco plateaued from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. NFHS-5 shows that 19.2% of Indian males smoked, 27.0% used smokeless tobacco, and 6.3% used both. Tobacco use has declined significantly over the last two decades. Tobacco usage is noticeably higher among the elderly, Muslims, and those from the backward classes, while it was considerably lower for individuals belonging to the educated and wealthier segment.

Conclusion
There has been a steady decline in tobacco use in India over the past 22 years, specifically in the smoke-form category. However, smokeless tobacco use remains nearly unaffected. The outcome of this study might aid policymakers in devising targeted tobacco control policies and improving existing ones.
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
Authors: AJEWOLE DEBORAH KEMI 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, influencing various aspects of our well-being. Although it offers numerous benefits such as connectivity and access to information, it also raises significant concerns about its influence on mental health. This article examines both the positive and negative impacts of social media use on mental health, exploring the dynamics of social comparison, cyberbullying, and sleep disruption. We also present recommendations for mindful social media use to mitigate adverse effects.
Project Management Challenges in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Infrastructure Projects in Nigeria
Authors: FALAYE TEMITOPE EZEKIEL 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the key project management challenges encountered in developing economies, with a specific focus on infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It identifies significant barriers such as funding constraints, bureaucratic delays, corruption, lack of technical expertise, and inadequate stakeholder engagement. Using case studies from Nigeria's infrastructure sector, the paper presents strategies for overcoming these obstacles. The findings emphasize the importance of governance reforms, capacity building, improved resource management, and enhanced stakeholder involvement to ensure successful project delivery in Nigeria’s infrastructure sector.
Incidence of Thiopurine-Induced Severe Myelosuppression in a Nationwide Cohort of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Khan Nabeel , Patel Dhruvan , Sundararajan Ramaswamy 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
There is paucity of data on the incidence of severe thiopurine (TP)-induced myelosuppression (TIM) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODS:
Using the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, we identified patients with IBD with normal pretreatment TP S-methyltransferase levels who received TPs for 6 months and developed severe TIM.

RESULTS:
Among 73,392 patients with IBD, 14,760 had received TPs, and 2,823 had a normal TP S-methyltransferase level. The incidence rate of severe TIM was 1.25 per 1,000 patient-years.

DISCUSSION:
The incidence of severe TIM was very low, calling into question the necessity of frequent long-term complete blood count monitoring among patients with IBD on TPs.
Febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and gout: is the nephroprotective effect real?
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Kuzmina Ya. I. 
Published: October 2024

Hyperuricemia (HU) and gout are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Worldwide, the increasing prevalence of CKD leads to a deterioration in the quality and duration of life of patients and an increase in mortality. If HU plays a significant role in the development of renal failure, then lowering high uric acid (UA) levels should theoretically contribute to the improvement of kidney function. The main method of lowering UA levels is administration of a urate-lowering therapy – xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. The nephroprotective effect of one of the XO inhibitors, febuxostat has been demonstrated in animal models.The article analyzes the currently available data on the use of febuxostat in patients with HU and gout and different levels of renal function impairment and discusses the possible mechanisms of the drug's nephroprotective effect.
Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar etanercept in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
Authors: Issayeva B. G. , Dilmanova D. S. , Amanzholova A. S. , Issayeva S. M. , Kanapina A. B. , Turtaeva A. E. , Trimova G. Sh. 
Published: October 2024

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar etanercept (ETC, Altebrel) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) in clinical practice.Material and methods. The study included 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA and 8 with SpA: 5 with axial SpA with radiological signs of sacroiliitis (r-axSpA), 3 with peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The mean age of the patients with RA was 47.7±12.3 years, and the mean age of SpA patients was 40.4±15.9 years. Patients with RA had moderate or high disease activity: mean DAS28-ESR index 5.2±1.0, median CDAI – 22.5 [15.5; 35.0], SDAI – 31.9 [24.4; 38.6], CRP level – 11 [0.9; 32.5] mg/L. Patients with r-axSpA had high activity and functional impairment, the median BASDAI was 5.5 [3.5; 8.0], BASFI – 6 [4; 6], CRP level – 17.5 [12.5; 27] mg/L. In PsA, the average DAS28 was 6.25±0.71. All patients were prescribed Altebrel at a dose of 50 mg subcutaneously weekly against a background of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients were examined at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of treatment.Results and discussion. During treatment with the biosimilar ETC, all patients with RA showed a decrease in inflammatory activity markers: after 3 and 6 months of therapy, the mean DAS28-ESR value decreased to 3.5±1.2 and 2.3±0.7 (p <0.001) the median SDAI value to 19.6 [6.9; 32.5] and 8.4 [4.7; 15.6] (p<0.001), CDAI value to 9.5 [4; 13.0] and 4.5 [3.0; 7.5] (p <0.001), the CRP level – to 5.0 [0.7; 21.9] and 5.0 [2.0; 10.9] mg/L (p<0.001), respectively. Patients with SpA showed a decrease in disease activity and an improvement in functional status: the median BASDAI decreased to 1.0 [0; 2.5] and 0 [0; 1.5], BASFI to 0 [0; 1] and 0 [0; 0], CRP level to 4.5 [2.5; 6.5] and 2.0 [2.0; 2.5] mg/L, respectively. In patients with PsA, DAS28 decreased on average to 2.92±0.12 after 3 months, and after 6 months the values were 1.74 and 2.29 in 2 patients.All patients completed the study and no adverse events were observed during treatment. According to EULAR criteria, a good response was achieved in 40% of patients with RA after 3 months, and in 80% after 6 months, and a satisfactory response in 20%. Patients with r-axSpA showed statistically significant positive dynamics of BASDAI and BASFI indices as well as normalization of laboratory activity parameters.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the high efficacy of Altebrel in rheumatic diseases, including RA and SpA.
Experience of using Russian rizatriptan 10 mg tablets in routine clinical practice: results of a multicenter post-registration observational study “OPYT”
Authors: Tabeeva G. R. , Danilov A. B. , Koreshkina M. I. , Yakupov E. Z. , Amelin A. V. , Artamonov А. A. 
Published: October 2024

One of the key mediator systems involved in the pathogenesis of migraine is the serotonergic system, which led to the development and introduction of serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonists (triptans) into clinical practice as the most important means of preventing migraine attacks. Serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonists have a high selectivity for the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor subtypes, which ensures their effect on the pathogenesis of migraine attack development.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a standard dose of Relonova in the relief of four moderate to severe migraine attacks in outpatients in reallife clinical practice, including assessment of the rate of attack relief, the effect of the drug on headache intensity, concomitant symptoms and the general condition of the patient.Material and methods. The study involved 415 patients with migraine (319 women and 96 men; mean age 35.7±7.8 years). A total of 1660 migraine attacks were analyzed. The average number of migraine days per month was 6.72±3.99. Migraine attacks with aura were observed in 125 patients (30.1%). Patients stopped four migraine attacks and filled out self-monitoring diaries. Treatment efficacy was assessed according to the European Headache Federation (EHF) Consensus Algorithm for Determining Effective Treatment of a Migraine Attack.Results. After taking Relonova, pain became mild or disappeared completely in 30 minutes in 52% of patients, in 76% in 1 hour, in 93% in 2 hours, in 99% in 4 hours and in 99% of patients in 24 hours. A recurrence of the headache occurred in 8.8% of the attacks. Additional analgesic treatment after 30 minutes was required in 14% of cases, after which period the frequency did not exceed 2%. Adverse events were observed in 4% of patients and were mild. The overwhelming majority (90%) of study participants were able to successfully terminate three attacks and were responders.Conclusion. Relonova is an effective and safe agent to stop migraine attack and can be recommended for use in daily clinical practice.
An Exploration of Locomotor Syndrome among Geriatric Population – A Narrative Review
Authors: Shanmuganathan K. , Kalpana S. , Sundar J. S. , Valarmathi S. , Srinivas G. 
Published: October 2024

A locomotor disability in the geriatric population is a physical condition that impairs mobility and movement in older persons. It is frequently caused by age-related causes such as degenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, or neurological abnormalities. This impairment can have a substantial influence on older people's quality of life by limiting their ability to conduct daily activities independently, such as walking, standing, or climbing stairs. Addressing locomotor impairments in older persons is critical for preserving their mobility, independence, and overall well-being, ultimately improving their quality of life as they age.A comprehensive literature search was conducted, which were sourced from PubMed, google scholar, Japanese government websites, springer link, semantic scholar generated significant studies using the keywords like locomotor disability, older population, mobility, quality of life, aging. We included articles which were published from 2005–2024.Locomotive Syndrome (LS) affects a significant portion of the elderly population, with prevalence ranging from 8.4% to 50.3%, increasing with age and higher in women. It shows the correlations with osteoporosis and sarcopenia, suggesting potential shared risk factors or pathways. By this the older people tend to have lower quality of life, particularly concerning spinal alignment and trunk deformity. Exercise interventions, including locomotive training, aerobic exercise, and muscle training, are suggested for LS prevention. Vitamin D supplementation may benefit bone health and fall prevention in older individuals.Locomotor syndrome is a substantial concern, especially in ageing populations, with considerable implications for quality of life. Its prevalence, which is frequently associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia, highlights the necessity of preventive measures including exercise and vitamin D supplementation. Recognising the impact of LS on mobility and well-being is critical for establishing focused interventions to prevent and manage its progression, thereby improving the overall health and independence of geriatric population.
Inferences about event outcomes influence text-based memory of event outcomes
Authors: Kou Xinyan , Hohenstein Jill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Memory of event outcomes is a topic increasingly discussed in the field of event language and cognition. This study approaches how language influences memory of event outcomes from the under-explored perspective of the verb’s “fulfilment type”, a property formulated in Talmy’s event integration theory. This property indicates the extent to which verbs depict fulfilment of intentions. Through two experiments, we explored how verbs’ fulfilment type properties shape the text-based memory of event outcomes according to their perceived likelihood of intention fulfilment. There are two major findings. First, people tend to have “fulfilment preferences” and infer that intention fulfilment is more likely than intention non-fulfilment. Second, intention-unfulfilled event outcomes tend to be remembered better for event descriptions that trigger no fulfilment perferences. This study contributes to event language and memory research by demonstrating how language-generated inferences can influence established memory of event outcomes.