bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypes and Haplotypes of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene (ESR1) Are Associated with Female-to-Male Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Cortés-Cortés Joselyn , Fernández Rosa , Teijeiro Nerea , Gómez-Gil Esther , Esteva Isabel , Almaraz Mari Cruz , Guillamón Antonio , Pásaro Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Gender dysphoria, a marked incongruence between one's experienced gender and biological sex, is commonly believed to arise from discrepant cerebral and genital sexual differentiation. With the discovery that estrogen receptor β is associated with female-to-male (FtM) but not with male-to-female (MtF) gender dysphoria, and given estrogen receptor α involvement in central nervous system masculinization, it was hypothesized that estrogen receptor α, encoded by the ESR1 gene, also might be implicated.

Aim
To investigate whether ESR1 polymorphisms (TA)n-rs3138774, PvuII-rs2234693, and XbaI-rs9340799 and their haplotypes are associated with gender dysphoria in adults.

Methods
Molecular analysis was performed in peripheral blood samples from 183 FtM subjects, 184 MtF subjects, and 394 sex- and ethnically-matched controls.

Main Outcome Measures
Genotype and haplotype analyses of the (TA)n-rs3138774, PvuII-rs2234693, and XbaI-rs9340799 polymorphisms.

Results
Allele and genotype frequencies for the polymorphism XbaI were statistically significant only in FtM vs control XX subjects (P = .021 and P = .020). In XX individuals, the A/G genotype was associated with a low risk of gender dysphoria (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16–0.74; P = .011); in XY individuals, the A/A genotype implied a low risk of gender dysphoria (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17–0.89; P = .008). Binary logistic regression showed partial effects for all three polymorphisms in FtM but not in MtF subjects. The three polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium: a small number of TA repeats was linked to the presence of PvuII and XbaI restriction sites (haplotype S-T-A), and a large number of TA repeats was linked to the absence of these restriction sites (haplotype L-C-G). In XX individuals, the presence of haplotype L-C-G carried a low risk of gender dysphoria (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.44–0.99; P = .046), whereas the presence of haplotype L-C-A carried a high susceptibility to gender dysphoria (OR = 3.96; 95% CI = 1.04–15.02; P = .044). Global haplotype was associated with FtM gender dysphoria (P = .017) but not with MtF gender dysphoria.

Conclusions
XbaI-rs9340799 is involved in FtM gender dysphoria in adults. Our findings suggest different genetic programs for gender dysphoria in men and women.
Executive Functioning of Sexually Compulsive and Non-Sexually Compulsive Men Before and After Watching an Erotic Video
Authors: Messina Bruna , Fuentes Daniel , Tavares Hermano , Abdo Carmita H.N. , Scanavino Marco de T. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the serious behavioral consequences faced by individuals with sexual compulsivity, related neuropsychological studies are sparse.

Aim
To compare decision making and cognitive flexibility at baseline and after exposure to an erotic video in sexually compulsive participants and non-sexually compulsive controls.

Methods
The sample consisted of 30 sexually compulsive men and 30 controls. Cognitive flexibility was investigated through the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and decision making was examined through the Iowa Gambling Task.

Main Outcome Measures
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test categories, correct responses, and perseverative errors and Iowa Gambling Task general trends and blocks.

Results
Sexually compulsive subjects and controls performed similarly at baseline. After watching an erotic video, controls performed better in block 1 of the Iowa Gambling Task (P = .01) and had more correct responses on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (P = .01).

Conclusions
The controls presented fewer impulsive initial choices and better cognitive flexibility after exposure to erotic stimuli.
Interdisciplinary dissemination and implementation research to advance translational science: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Guerrero E. G. , Hahn E. E. , Khachikian T. , Chuang E. , Brown A. F. ,   the Dissemination and Implementation Science Workgroup
Published: January 2017

IntroductionInterdisciplinary collaboration is a critical component of translation, dissemination, implementation, and improvement (TDII) science. Yet, little is known about effective frameworks and practices regarding interdisciplinary research in TDII.MethodsThis study drew on data collected from an expert panel during a regional symposium.ResultsFindings highlight facilitators and barriers to stimulating interdisciplinary TDII research in different domains: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, power and hierarchy, physical environment, and communication and language.ConclusionsFindings have significant implications for TDII of clinical practices.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PRIVATE PRINTING IN CAIRO AS TOLD FROM A COMMISSIONING DEAL TURNED SOUR, 1871
Authors: Schwartz Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article examines the political economy of Cairo's emerging Arabic private printing industry during the third quarter of the 19th century. I use the constituent texts of the industry to demonstrate that it developed upon the speculative model of commissioning, whereby individuals paid printers to produce particular works of their choosing. Commissioning indicates that Egyptian private printing grew from local traditions for producing handwritten texts. Nevertheless, print commissioning differed from manuscript commissioning by requiring individuals to assume great financial risk. I explore the nature and implications of this divergence through a treatise published in 1871 by Musa Kastali, a particularly prolific printer who helped to professionalize Cairene printing. Musa's treatise details his legal battle with a famous Azhari commissioner, and is unique for describing a printer's business practices. It demonstrates the importance of situating printings within their socioeconomic contexts in addition to their intellectual ones, a task which cannot be done without an appreciation for the functioning of the printing industry at a local level.
A pressure tensor description for the time-resonant Weibel instability
Authors: Sarrat M. , Del Sarto D. , Ghizzo A. 
Published: January 2017

We discuss a fluid model with inclusion of the complete pressure tensor dynamics for the description of Weibel-type instabilities in a counterstreaming beam configuration. Differently from the case recently studied in Sarrat et al. (Europhys. Lett., vol. 115, 2016, 45001), where perturbations perpendicular to the beams were considered, here we focus only on modes propagating along the beams. Such a configuration is responsible for the growth of two kinds of instabilities, the two-stream instability and the Weibel instability, which in this geometry becomes ‘time resonant’, i.e. propagating. This fluid description agrees with the kinetic one and makes it possible e.g. to identify the transition between non-propagating and propagating Weibel modes, already evidenced by Lazar et al. (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 76 (1), 2010, p. 49) as a ‘slope breaking’ of the growth rate, in terms of a merger of two non-propagating Weibel modes.
Oxidative stress and changes in adenosine deaminase activity of cattle experimentally infected byFasciola hepatica
Authors: DA SILVA ALEKSANDRO S. , BALDISSERA MATHEUS D. , BOTTARI NATHIELI B. , GABRIEL MATHEUS E. , RHODEN LEANDRO A. , PIVA MANOELA M. , CHRIST RICARDO , STEDILLE FERNANDA A. , GRIS ANDERSON , MORSCH VERA M. , SCHETINGER MARIA ROSA , MENDES RICARDO E. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in serum and liver and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity of cattle experimentally infected byFasciola hepatica. The group A consisted of five healthy animals (uninfected), and the group B was composed of five animals orally infected with 200 metacercariae ofF. hepatica.On days 20, 40, 60 and 80 post-infection (PI) serum was collected to measure oxidative stress variables. On day 100 PI, animals were humanely euthanized and liver samples were collected. Infected animals showed lower (P< 0·05) seric ADA activities on days 40 and 60 PI but higher (P< 0·05) in the liver tissue compared with uninfected animals. Seric and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher (P< 0·05) in infected compared with uninfected animals. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher (P< 0·05) in infected animals. Catalase and glutathioneS-transferase activities were lower in liver tissue of infected animals, while glutathione peroxidase was higher compared with uninfected (P< 0·05). In summary, we conclude that oxidative stress occurs in cattle experimentally infected byF. hepatica, mainly due to excessive ROS production in the course of fasciolosis, contributing to hepatic damage, and that increased in hepatic ADA activity may contribute to the inflammatory process.
A Freshwater Lake Saga: Carbon Routing Within the Aquatic Food Web of Lake Schwerin
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo , Dreves Alexander , Nadeau Marie-Josée , Grootes Pieter M 
Published: January 2017

Recently, several case studies have demonstrated the presence of human radiocarbon dietary reservoir effects in inland contexts. Freshwater reservoir effects present a high degree of variability, making it difficult to define local reservoir effect reference values necessary for correcting chronologies based on14C dating of human bone material. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that14C ages of edible freshwater species are delimited by the14C ages of the main water carbon pools (DIC, POC, and DOC).Water, plant, algae, bivalve, and fish samples were collected from lakes Schwerin and Ostorf (Germany).14C and isotopic measurements were performed on the floral and faunal species and on water DIC, POC, and DOC. The results demonstrate the potential of the study area for large and variable freshwater reservoir effects. In the case of Lake Schwerin, the working hypothesis was verified as the14C ages of faunal and floral species were delimited by the14C ages of water DIC and POC, probably associated with 2 extreme categories of food chains (grazing and detritus). While the results obtained confirm the working hypothesis and suggest a relatively straightforward interpretation, further research is necessary to investigate possible spatial and seasonal variations.
A Wet Oxidation Method for AMS Radiocarbon Analysis of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Water
Authors: Leonard Alex , Castle Stephanie , Burr G S , Lange Todd , Thomas Jim 
Published: January 2017

We present a method for the extraction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from water. The method is adapted from Burr et al. (2001) using the basic steps: 1) sample filtration; 2) acidification to liberate and remove dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); 3) evaporation of the sample to isolate salts that include trace quantities of carbon; 4) combustion of the salts; and 5) purification of the CO2. Two significant improvements have been made to the earlier method. The first is to use wet oxidation with potassium permanganate to oxidize organics in place of the combustion step and the second is the development of a reduction/oxidation purification procedure to remove sulfur and nitrogen oxides that may form during the oxidation step. Wet oxidation has a practical advantage over the previous method because it proceeds at low temperature (70 °C). The original method required quartz vessels to oxidize the salts at 900 °C. At this temperature, salts in the samples formed gases that interfered with the isolation of CO2 and the quartz vessels degraded with each combustion, affecting their structural integrity. The expensive quartz vessels could only be used for a limited number of samples, whereas Pyrex vessels used for wet oxidation are inexpensive and can be used indefinitely.The blank fraction modern carbon (f) and its mass dependence for the refined technique was determined from repeat analyses of salicylic acid produced from petrochemicals. For samples with a mass m above 0.5 mg, F = 0.0083 ± 0.0011. For samples below 0.5 mg, the blank follows a 1/m dependence as observed for other accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C measurements (Donahue et al. 1990). The reproducibility of the method is demonstrated using repeat measurements from a variety of samples, including a sample measured with the former high-temperature 900 °C combustion technique. The virtues of the wet oxidation method are that it is economical, produces a low blank, and provides good reproducibility.
Information and choice of residential care provider for older people: a comparative study in England, the Netherlands and Spain
Authors: TRIGG LISA , KUMPUNEN STEPHANIE , HOLDER JACQUETTA , MAARSE HANS , SOLÉ JUVÉS MERITXELL , GIL JOAN 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study compared how older people use quality information to choose residential care providers in England, the Netherlands and Spain (Catalonia). The availability of information varies between each country, from detailed inspection and survey information in the Netherlands, through to a lack of publicly available information in Catalonia. We used semi-structured interviews and group workshops with older people, families and professionals to compare experiences of the decision-making process and quality information, and also to explore what quality information might be used in the future. We found that most aspects of the decision-making experience and preferences for future indicators were similar across the three countries. The use of quality information was minimal across all three, even in England and the Netherlands where information was widely available. Differences arose mainly from factors with the supply of care. Older people were most interested in the subjective experiences of other residents and relatives, rather than ‘hard’ objective indicators of aspects such as clinical care. We find that the amount of publicly available quality information does not in itself influence the decisions or the decision-making processes of older people and their carers. To improve the quality of decisions, more effort needs to be taken to increase awareness and to communicate quality in more accessible ways, including significant support from professionals and better design of quality information.
Docosahexaenoic acid-mediated protein aggregates may reduce proteasome activity and delay myotube degradation during muscle atrophy in vitro
Authors: Shin Seung Kyun , Kim Ji Hyeon , Lee Jung Hoon , Son Young Hoon , Lee Min Wook , Kim Hak Joong , Noh Sue Ah , Kim Kwang Pyo , Kim In-Gyu , Lee Min Jae 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProteasomes are the primary degradation machinery for oxidatively damaged proteins that compose a class of misfolded protein substrates. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species increase with age and this cellular propensity is particularly harmful when combined with the age-associated development of various human disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and muscle atrophy. Proteasome activity is reportedly downregulated in these disease conditions. Herein, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, mediates intermolecular protein cross-linkages through oxidation, and the resulting protein aggregates potently reduce proteasomal activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Cellular models overexpressing aggregation-prone proteins such as tau showed significantly elevated levels of tau aggregates and total ubiquitin conjugates in the presence of DHA, thereby reflecting suppressed proteasome activity. Strong synergetic cytotoxicity was observed when the cells overexpressing tau were simultaneously treated with DHA. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly desensitized the cells to DHA-induced oxidative stress. DHA significantly delayed the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins in a cellular atrophy model. Thus, the results of our study identified DHA as a potent inducer of cellular protein aggregates that inhibit proteasome activity and potentially delay systemic muscle protein degradation in certain pathologic conditions.
Bacterial community segmentation facilitates the prediction of ecosystem function along the coast of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Bowman Jeff S , Amaral-Zettler Linda A , Rich Jeremy J , Luria Catherine M , Ducklow Hugh W 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Bacterial community structure can be combined with observations of ecophysiological data to build predictive models of microbial ecosystem function. These models are useful for understanding how function might change in response to a changing environment. Here we use five spring–summer seasons of bacterial community structure and flow cytometry data from a productive coastal site along the western Antarctic Peninsula to construct models of bacterial production (BP), an ecosystem function that heterotrophic bacteria provide. Through a novel application of emergent self-organizing maps we identified eight recurrent modes in the structure of the bacterial community. A model that combined bacterial abundance, mode and the fraction of cells belonging to the high nucleic acid population (fHNA; R2=0.730, P&lt;0.001) best described BP. Abrupt transitions between modes during the 2013–2014 spring–summer season corresponded to rapid shifts in fHNA. We conclude that parameterizing community structure data via segmentation can yield useful insights into microbial ecosystem function and ecosystem processes.
Acoustic-optical phonon up-conversion and hot-phonon bottleneck in lead-halide perovskites
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Wen Xiaoming , Xia Hongze , Sheng Rui , Ma Qingshan , Kim Jincheol , Tapping Patrick , Harada Takaaki , Kee Tak W. , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Green Martin , Ho-Baillie Anita , Huang Shujuan , Shrestha Santosh , Patterson Robert , Conibeer Gavin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe hot-phonon bottleneck effect in lead-halide perovskites (APbX3) prolongs the cooling period of hot charge carriers, an effect that could be used in the next-generation photovoltaics devices. Using ultrafast optical characterization and first-principle calculations, four kinds of lead-halide perovskites (A=FA+/MA+/Cs+, X=I−/Br−) are compared in this study to reveal the carrier-phonon dynamics within. Here we show a stronger phonon bottleneck effect in hybrid perovskites than in their inorganic counterparts. Compared with the caesium-based system, a 10 times slower carrier-phonon relaxation rate is observed in FAPbI3. The up-conversion of low-energy phonons is proposed to be responsible for the bottleneck effect. The presence of organic cations introduces overlapping phonon branches and facilitates the up-transition of low-energy modes. The blocking of phonon propagation associated with an ultralow thermal conductivity of the material also increases the overall up-conversion efficiency. This result also suggests a new and general method for achieving long-lived hot carriers in materials.
The shape of telephone cord blisters
Authors: Ni Yong , Yu Senjiang , Jiang Hongyuan , He Linghui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFormation of telephone cord blisters as a result of buckling delamination is widely observed in many compressed film-substrate systems. Here we report a universal morphological feature of such blisters characterized by their sequential sectional profiles exhibiting a butterfly shape using atomic force microscopy. Two kinds of buckle morphologies, light and heavy telephone cord blisters, are observed and differentiated by measurable geometrical parameters. Based on the Föppl-von Kármán plate theory, the observed three-dimensional features of the telephone cord blister are predicted by the proposed approximate analytical model and simulation. The latter further replicates growth and coalescence of the telephone cord into complex buckling delamination patterns observed in the experiment.
Diverse feather shape evolution enabled by coupling anisotropic signalling modules with self-organizing branching programme
Authors: Li Ang , Figueroa Seth , Jiang Ting-Xin , Wu Ping , Widelitz Randall , Nie Qing , Chuong Cheng-Ming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdaptation of feathered dinosaurs and Mesozoic birds to new ecological niches was potentiated by rapid diversification of feather vane shapes. The molecular mechanism driving this spectacular process remains unclear. Here, through morphology analysis, transcriptome profiling, functional perturbations and mathematical simulations, we find that mesenchyme-derived GDF10 and GREM1 are major controllers for the topologies of rachidial and barb generative zones (setting vane boundaries), respectively, by tuning the periodic-branching programme of epithelial progenitors. Their interactions with the anterior–posterior WNT gradient establish the bilateral-symmetric vane configuration. Additionally, combinatory effects of CYP26B1, CRABP1 and RALDH3 establish dynamic retinoic acid (RA) landscapes in feather mesenchyme, which modulate GREM1 expression and epithelial cell shapes. Incremental changes of RA gradient slopes establish a continuum of asymmetric flight feathers along the wing, while switch-like modulation of RA signalling confers distinct vane shapes between feather tracts. Therefore, the co-option of anisotropic signalling modules introduced new dimensions of feather shape diversification.
Extremely broadband, on-chip optical nonreciprocity enabled by mimicking nonlinear anti-adiabatic quantum jumps near exceptional points
Authors: Choi Youngsun , Hahn Choloong , Yoon Jae Woong , Song Seok Ho , Berini Pierre 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTime-asymmetric state-evolution properties while encircling an exceptional point are presently of great interest in search of new principles for controlling atomic and optical systems. Here, we show that encircling-an-exceptional-point interactions that are essentially reciprocal in the linear interaction regime make a plausible nonlinear integrated optical device architecture highly nonreciprocal over an extremely broad spectrum. In the proposed strategy, we describe an experimentally realizable coupled-waveguide structure that supports an encircling-an-exceptional-point parametric evolution under the influence of a gain saturation nonlinearity. Using an intuitive time-dependent Hamiltonian and rigorous numerical computations, we demonstrate strictly nonreciprocal optical transmission with a forward-to-backward transmission ratio exceeding 10 dB and high forward transmission efficiency (∼100%) persisting over an extremely broad bandwidth approaching 100 THz. This predicted performance strongly encourages experimental realization of the proposed concept to establish a practical on-chip optical nonreciprocal element for ultra-short laser pulses and broadband high-density optical signal processing.