bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KRIM ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea Arabica)
Authors: Puspitasari Anita Dwi , Yuita Nurul Eka , Sumantri Sumantri 
Published: December 2017

Daun kopi arabika mengandung senyawa antara lain flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami yang dapat menghambat radikal bebas. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,856 ± 0,126 µg/ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai IC50 dari krim ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) dan karakteristik fisika kimia sediaan krim. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif senyawa flavonoid. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dalam krim adalah 0,1%, 0,2%, dan 0,3%. Aktivitas antioksidan krim diuji dengan metode DPPH serta diamati karakteristik fisik kimia krim meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya lekat, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Data uji kualitatif senyawa flavonoid ditujukan untuk senyawa flavanoid, selanjutnya stabilitas fisika krim dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier, uji aktivitas sediaan krim dihitung menggunakan persentase aktivitas antioksidan dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak dihitung menggunakan nilai IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kopi arabika diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 3,578 µg/ml, sedangkan kuersetin diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 15,09 µg/ml. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan sediaan krim FI, FII, dan FIII menunjukkan persen aktivitas antioksidan berturut-turut sebesar 21,390%, 26,152%, dan 37,097%. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dalam formulasi sediaan krim memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia krim.
Precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid embolization of intracranial vascular shunts: initial experience and technical note
Authors: Varadharajan Shriram , Ramalingaiah Arvinda Hanumanthapura , Saini Jitender , Gupta Arun Kumar , Devi B. Indira , Acharya Ullas V. 
Published: December 2017

Precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) is a newly available liquid embolic agent for endovascular therapy. It is nonadhesive and composed of a biocompatible polymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and bonded covalently with iodine.In this report, the authors present their preliminary experience using PHIL in the treatment of intracranial vascular shunts. Between July 2015 and December 2015, 11 patients underwent endovascular embolization using the PHIL embolic agent. Five patients had arteriovenous malformations, 4 had dural arteriovenous fistulas, 1 patient had a carotid-cavernous fistula, and 1 patient had a pial arteriovenous fistula. Clinical features, angioarchitectural characteristics, procedural details, and periprocedural complications were included in the analysis.Complete or near-complete obliteration of the nidus or fistulas was achieved in 8 of these patients. Partial embolization (approximately 80% in 2 and 30% in 1) was attained in the other 3 patients. Satisfactory venous penetration after nidal embolization was achieved in all patients. In 1 patient, the microcatheter could not be retrieved. No other major complications related to PHIL injection were noted during the procedure or periprocedural period. Clinical follow-up ranging from 8 months to 1 year showed good outcomes in all but 1 patient, who experienced an intraventricular hemorrhage 6 weeks after embolization.PHIL appears to be an effective alternative embolic material with certain advantages over other available liquid embolic agents. Further studies with adequate follow-up are required to fully evaluate its safety and efficacy.
Knowledge silos: assessing knowledge sharing between specialties through the vestibular schwannoma literature
Authors: Schnurman Zane , Golfinos John G. , Roland J. Thomas , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEIt is common for a medical disorder to be managed or researched by individuals who work within different specialties. It is known that both neurosurgeons and neurotologists manage vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients. While overlap in specialty focus has the potential to stimulate multidisciplinary collaboration and innovative thinking, there is a risk of specialties forming closed-communication loops, called knowledge silos, which may inhibit knowledge diffusion. This study quantitatively assessed knowledge sharing between neurosurgery and otolaryngology on the subject of VS.METHODSA broad Web of Science search was used to download details for 4439 articles related to VS through 2016. The publishing journal’s specialty and the authors’ specialties (based on author department) were determined for available articles. All 114,647 of the article references were categorized by journal specialty. The prevalence of several VS topics was assessed using keyword searches of titles.RESULTSFor articles written by neurosurgeons, 44.0% of citations were from neurosurgery journal articles and 23.4% were from otolaryngology journals. The citations of otolaryngology authors included 11.6% neurosurgery journals and 56.5% otolaryngology journals. Both author specialty and journal specialty led to more citations of the same specialty, though author specialty had the largest effect. Comparing the specialties’ literature, several VS topics had significantly different levels of coverage, including radiosurgery and hearing topics. Despite the availability of the Internet, there has been no change in the proportions of references for either specialty since 1997 (the year PubMed became publicly available).CONCLUSIONSPartial knowledge silos are observed between neurosurgery and otolaryngology on the topic of VS, based on the peer-reviewed literature. The increase in access provided by the Internet and searchable online databases has not decreased specialty reference bias. These findings offer lessons to improve cross-specialty collaboration, physician learning, and consensus building.
Delayed cyst formation after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Liu Kenneth C. , Mrachek E. Kelly , Lopes M. Beatriz , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a commonly employed treatment modality for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, due to the low frequency of delayed cyst formation after AVM SRS, as well as the prolonged time interval between treatment and its occurrence, the characteristics of post-SRS cyst formation are not well defined. Therefore, the aims of this retrospective cohort study are to determine the rate of cyst formation after SRS for AVMs, identify predictive factors, and evaluate the clinical sequelae of post-SRS cysts.METHODSThe authors analyzed an SRS database for AVM patients who underwent SRS at the University of Virginia and identified those who developed post-SRS cysts. Statistical analyses were performed to determine predictors of post-SRS cyst formation and the effect of cyst formation on new or worsening seizures after SRS.RESULTSThe study cohort comprised 1159 AVM patients treated with SRS; cyst formation occurred in 17 patients (post-SRS cyst rate of 1.5%). Compared with patients who did not develop post-SRS cysts, those with cyst formation were treated with a greater number of radiosurgical isocenters (mean 3.8 vs 2.8, p = 0.047), had a longer follow-up (mean 132 vs 71 months, p < 0.001), were more likely to develop radiological radiation-induced changes (RIC) (64.7% vs 36.1%, p = 0.021), and had a longer duration of RIC (57 vs 21 months, p < 0.001). A higher number of isocenters (p = 0.014), radiological RIC (p = 0.002), and longer follow-up (p = 0.034) were found to be independent predictors of post-SRS cyst formation in the multivariate analysis. There was a trend toward a significant association between cyst formation and new or worsening seizures in univariate analysis (p = 0.054).CONCLUSIONSPatients with greater nidal complexity appear to be more prone to post-SRS cyst formation. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up for patients who have undergone AVM SRS, even after nidal obliteration is achieved. Post-SRS cysts may be epileptogenic, although seizure outcomes after AVM SRS are multifactorial.
Frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele: appraisal of a craniofacial surgical teaching program in Cambodia
Authors: Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Ou Cheng Ngiep , Soum Ratha , Gollogly James , Djidjeli Imène , Lauwers Frédéric 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEThe treatment of frontoethmoidal meningoencephaloceles (fMECs) in Cambodia was not possible before the development of a program that taught some Khmer surgeons (working at the Children’s Surgical Centre in Phnom Penh) how to surgically correct these deformities without any foreign help. The results of that teaching program are discussed in this paper.METHODSBetween 2004 and 2009, both local and visiting foreign neurosurgical and craniofacial surgeons (the visitors coming twice a year) worked together to operate on 200 patients, and a report on those cases was published in 2010. In subsequent years (2010–2016), the Khmer surgeons operated on 100 patients without the presence of the visiting surgeons. In this study, the authors compare the second case series with the previously published series and the literature in terms of results and complications. The operations were performed with limited surgical materials and equipment, using a combined bicoronal and transfacial approach in most cases. Most of the patients came from very poor families.RESULTSOrganizing the postoperative follow-up of these low-income patients (mean age 12 years) was probably the most challenging part of this teaching program. Nine of the patients were lost to surgical follow-up. In the other cases, cosmetic results were judged by the surgeons as worse than the patient’s preoperative appearance in 1 case, poor in 12 cases, average in 27, and good in 51—data that are significantly less encouraging than the results reported by the joint local/visiting teams in 2010 (p = 0.0001). Nevertheless, patients and parents tended to have a better overall opinion about the surgical results (rating the results as good in 84% of the 80 cases in which parent or patient ratings were available). Twenty postoperative complications were observed (the most common being temporary CSF leaks). The rate of immediate postoperative complications directly related to fMEC surgery was less than that in the previous series, but the difference was not statistically significant (20% vs 28.5%, p = 0.58). No death was noted in this case series (in contrast to the previous series). Social questionnaire results confirmed that fMEC correction partially improved the adverse social and educational consequences of fMEC in affected children.CONCLUSIONSIn the current state of this program, the local surgeons are able to correct fMECs in their own country, without foreign assistance, with good results in a majority of patients. Such humanitarian teaching programs generally take years to achieve the initial aims.
Vapor pressure deficit predicts epiphyte abundance across an elevational gradient in a tropical montane region
Authors: Gotsch Sybil G. , Davidson Kenneth , Murray Jessica G. , Duarte Vanessa J. , Draguljić Danel 
Published: December 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCFs) are important ecosystems to study and preserve because of their high biodiversity and critical roles in local and regional ecosystem processes. TMCFs may be particularly affected by changes in climate because of the narrow bands of microclimate they occupy and the vulnerability of TMCF species to projected increases in cloud base heights and drought. A comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of TMCFs is lacking and difficult to attain because of variation in topography within and across TMCF sites. This causes large differences in microclimate and forest structure at both large and small scales.METHODS:In this study, we estimated the abundance of the entire epiphyte community in the canopy (bryophytes, herbaceous vascular plants, woody epiphytes, and canopy dead organic matter) in six sites. In each of the sites we installed a complete canopy weather station to link epiphyte abundance to a number of microclimatic parameters.KEY RESULTS:We found significant differences in epiphyte abundance across the sites; epiphyte abundance increased with elevation and leaf wetness, but decreased as vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increased. Epiphyte abundance had the strongest relationship with VPD; there were differences in VPD that could not be explained by elevation alone.CONCLUSIONS:By measuring this proxy of canopy VPD, TMCF researchers will better understand differences in microclimate and plant community composition across TMCF sites. Incorporating such information in comparative studies will allow for more meaningful comparisons across TMCFs and will further conservation and management efforts in this ecosystem.
The Pan-Pacific Planet Search. VII. The Most Eccentric Planet Orbiting a Giant Star
Authors: Wittenmyer Robert A. , Jones M. I. , Horner Jonathan , Kane Stephen R. , Marshall J. P. , Mustill A. J. , Jenkins J. S. , Rojas P. A. Pena , Zhao Jinglin , Villaver Eva , Butler R. P. , Clark Jake 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Radial velocity observations from three instruments reveal the presence of a 4 M
Jup planet candidate orbiting the K giant HD 76920. HD 76920b has an orbital eccentricity of 0.856 ± 0.009, making it the most eccentric planet known to orbit an evolved star. There is no indication that HD 76920 has an unseen binary companion, suggesting a scattering event rather than Kozai oscillations as a probable culprit for the observed eccentricity. The candidate planet currently approaches to about four stellar radii from its host star, and is predicted to be engulfed on a ∼100 Myr timescale due to the combined effects of stellar evolution and tidal interactions.
Hot Jupiters Driven by High-eccentricity Migration in Globular Clusters
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Tremaine Scott 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hot Jupiters (HJs) are short-period giant planets that are observed around

of solar-type field stars. One possible formation scenario for HJs is high-eccentricity (high-e) migration, in which the planet forms at much larger radii, is excited to high eccentricity by some mechanism, and migrates to its current orbit due to tidal dissipation occurring near periapsis. We consider high-e migration in dense stellar systems such as the cores of globular clusters (GCs), in which encounters with passing stars can excite planets to the high eccentricities needed to initiate migration. We study this process via Monte Carlo simulations of encounters with a star+planet system including the effects of tidal dissipation, using an efficient regularized restricted three-body code. HJs are produced in our simulations over a significant range of the stellar number density

. Assuming the planet is initially on a low-eccentricity orbit with semimajor axis 1 au, for

the encounter rate is too low to induce orbital migration, whereas for

HJ formation is suppressed because the planet is more likely ejected from its host star, tidally disrupted, or transferred to a perturbing star. The fraction of planets that are converted to HJs peaks at

for intermediate number densities of

. Warm Jupiters, giant planets with periods between 10 and 100 days, are produced in our simulations with an efficiency of up to

. Our results suggest that HJs can form through high-e migration induced by stellar encounters in the centers of of dense GCs, but not in their outskirts where the densities are lower.
Mid-infrared Excess from the West Hot Spot of the Radio Galaxy Pictor A Unveiled by WISE
Authors: Isobe Naoki , Koyama Shoko , Kino Motoki , Wada Takehiko , Nakagawa Takao , Matsuhara Hideo , Niinuma Kotaro , Tashiro Makoto 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mid-infrared properties are reported of the west hot spot of the radio galaxy Pictor A with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The mid-infrared counterpart to the hot spot, WISE J051926.26−454554.1, is listed in the AllWISE source catalog. The source was detected in all four of the WISE photometric bands. A comparison between the WISE and radio images reinforces the physical association of the WISE source to the hot spot. The WISE flux density of the source was carefully evaluated. A close investigation of the multi-wavelength synchrotron spectral energy distribution from the object reveals a mid-infrared excess at the wavelength of

μm with a statistical significance of

over the simple power-law extrapolation from the synchrotron radio spectrum. The excess is reinforced by single and double cutoff power-law modeling of the radio-to-optical spectral energy distribution. The synchrotron cutoff frequency of the main and excess components was evaluated as

Hz and

Hz, respectively. From the cutoff frequency, the magnetic field of the emission region was constrained as a function of the region size. In order to interpret the excess component, an electron population different from the main one dominating the observed radio spectrum is necessary. The excess emission is proposed to originate in a substructure within the hot spot, in which the magnetic field is a factor of a few stronger than that in the minimum-energy condition. The relation of the mid-infrared excess to the X-ray emission is briefly discussed.
Mg ii Absorption at 2 < Z < 7 with Magellan/Fire. III. Full Statistics of Absorption toward 100 High-redshift QSOs*
Authors: Chen Shi-Fan S. , Simcoe Robert A. , Torrey Paul , Bañados Eduardo , Cooksey Kathy , Cooper Tom , Furesz Gabor , Matejek Michael , Miller Daniel , Turner Monica , Venemans Bram , Decarli Roberto , Farina Emanuele P. , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Walter Fabian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present statistics from a survey of intervening Mg ii absorption toward 100 quasars with emission redshifts between z = 3.55 and z = 7.09. Using infrared spectra from Magellan/FIRE, we detect 280 cosmological Mg ii absorbers, and confirm that the comoving line density of

Mg ii absorbers does not evolve measurably between z = 0.25 and z = 7. This is consistent with our detection of seven Mg ii systems at

, redshifts not covered in prior searches. Restricting to systems with

Å, there is significant evidence for redshift evolution. These systems roughly double in density between z = 0 and z = 2–3, but decline by an order of magnitude from this peak by

. This evolution mirrors that of the global star formation rate density, potentially reflecting a connection between star formation feedback and the strong Mg ii absorbers. We compared our results to the Illustris cosmological simulation at z = 2–4 by assigning absorption to cataloged dark matter halos and by direct extraction of spectra from the simulation volume. Reproducing our results using the former requires circumgalactic Mg ii envelopes within halos of progressively smaller mass at earlier times. This occurs naturally if we define the lower integration cutoff using SFR rather than mass. Spectra calculated directly from Illustris yield too few strong Mg ii absorbers. This may arise from unresolved phase space structure of circumgalactic gas, particularly from spatially unresolved turbulent or bulk motions. The presence of circumgalactic magnesium at

suggests that enrichment of intra-halo gas may have begun before the presumed host galaxies’ stellar populations were mature and dynamically relaxed.
The Crab Pulsar and Relativistic Wind
Authors: Coroniti F. V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The possibility that the Crab pulsar produces a separated ion-dominated and pair-plasma-dominated, magnetically striped relativistic wind is assessed by rough estimates of the polar cap acceleration of the ion and electron primary beams, the pair production of secondary electrons and positrons, and a simple model of the near-magnetosphere-wind zone. For simplicity, only the orthogonal rotator is considered. Below (above) the rotational equator, ions (electrons) are accelerated in a thin sheath, of order (much less than) the width of the polar cap, to Lorentz factor

. The accelerating parallel electric field is shorted out by ion–photon (curvature synchrotron) pair production. With strong, but fairly reasonable, assumptions, a set of general magnetic geometry relativistic wind equations is derived and shown to reduce to conservation relations that are similar to those of the wind from a magnetic monopole. The strength of the field-aligned currents carried by the primary beams is determined by the wind’s Alfvén critical point condition to be about eight times the Goldreich–Julian value. A simple model for the transition from the dipole region wind to the asymptotic monopole wind zone is developed. The asymptotic ratio of Poynting flux to ion (pair plasma) kinetic energy flux—the wind

-parameter—is found to be of order

. The far wind zone is likely to be complex, with the ion-dominated and pair-plasma-dominated magnetic stripes merging, and the oppositely directed azimuthal magnetic fields annihilating.
Perceptions of Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients Regarding Involvement in Delirium-Prevention Activities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Smithburger Pamela L. , Korenoski Amanda S. , Alexander Sheila A. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
Nonpharmacologic delirium-prevention strategies are commonly used in the intensive care unit by bedside nurses. With up to 80% of intensive care unit patients becoming delirious, and lacking treatment options, prevention is key. However, with increasing nurse workloads, innovative delirium-prevention strategies such as involving the patient’s family are needed.

OBJECTIVE
To gain insight into opinions of patients’ families regarding active participation in delirium-prevention activities to inform specific recommendations for involving patients’ families in such activities.

METHODS
Purposeful sampling was used. Patients’ families were contacted to be interviewed about their opinions and attitudes on participation in nonpharmacologic delirium prevention activities while visiting the intensive care unit. An interview guide was created and used to facilitate discussion. Interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and coded by 2 independent coders. Themes were identified, defined, and compared between independent coders; disagreements were resolved by the study team.

RESULTS
After 10 interviews were conducted, thematic saturation occurred. Three major themes emerged: (1) consistent family presence and participation in care, (2) improving ease of interactions between family and patient, and (3) delirium education for families.

CONCLUSION
Family members want to be involved with care and delirium prevention; however, many times they do not know what to do without the direction of a health care provider. Family members would benefit from open dialogue with the bedside nurse to increase family comfort and involvement in care.