bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les récits de voyage des années 1940
Authors: Rajotte Pierre 
Published: August 2016

Au cours des années 1940, la pratique du récit de voyage se renouvelle en accordant plus d’importance au regard personnel des auteurs et en préconisant une plus grande ouverture sur le monde. D’une part, les auteurs abandonnent peu à peu une approche essentiellement descriptive qui se limite à valider le discours et le savoir culturel convenus au sujet des lieux visités. Même les auteurs qui parcourent le Canada afin de faire la promotion d’une forme de tourisme intérieur — ou de « tourisme national », pour reprendre l’expression d’Édouard Montpetit (1940) — tentent de rapporter leur voyage d’une manière plus personnalisée. D’autre part, avec la guerre, la rhétorique essentiellement ethnocentrique et nationaliste qui caractérisait auparavant les récits de voyage à l’étranger laisse peu à peu place à plus de nuance et d’ouverture à l’égard de l’altérité des divers pays visités. À la limite, un discours anticolonialiste commence à poindre dans certains écrits. Ces modifications dans le discours et dans la façon de le diffuser, notamment par la radio, susciteront bientôt un intérêt nouveau pour la pratique du récit de voyage. À la fin des années 1940 et au début des années 1950, des écrivains comme Jacques Hébert (auteur de la série Aventures autour du monde, huit récits publiés de 1948 à 1953) et Alain Grandbois (à l’origine de l’émission radiophonique hebdomadaire « Visages du monde » de 1950 à 1952) s’emploieront à tenter de relire le monde en le parcourant. De plus en plus, les écrivains voyageurs partiront en quête d’inconnu, de dépaysement et de différence, et c’est à l’étude de cette approche que se consacre cet article.
Points de vue de professionnels intervenant auprès des conjoints ayant des comportements violents au sujet de la concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux
Authors: Dallaire Louis-François , Brodeur Normand 
Published: August 2016

La concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux chez les conjoints violents est un sujet controversé, tant au plan conceptuel qu’au plan clinique. De nombreuses études ont objectivé la présence de troubles mentaux dans la population des conjoints violents, sans toutefois s’intéresser aux points de vue des professionnels qui accompagnent ces hommes dans un processus de changement. Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative qui visait à explorer les points de vue de professionnels spécialisés dans l’intervention auprès de conjoints violents quant à la concomitance de violence conjugale et de troubles mentaux chez leur clientèle. Onze professionnels ont été rencontrés au cours d’une entrevue de recherche semi-dirigée. Les participants estiment que les conjoints violents souffrant de troubles mentaux (CVTM) se distinguent de l’ensemble des conjoints violents par un degré élevé de désorganisation, et conçoivent les troubles mentaux comme un facteur augmentant le risque d’exercer de la violence conjugale. Leurs points de vue sont observables à travers leurs énoncés verbaux et les conduites professionnelles qu’ils adoptent auprès des CVTM, soit l’évitement, la distanciation et l’intégration. Le discours des participants reflète les paradoxes associés à la catégorisation des CVTM et à l’intervention auprès de cette clientèle.
Formes et dispositifs de reliance pour la construction des identités professionnelles dans le secteur sanitaire et social
Authors: Hébrard Pierre 
Published: August 2016

Dans les dispositifs de formation professionnelle en alternance, comme ceux mis en oeuvre dans le secteur sanitaire et social, le dépassement de l’écart et des tensions entre les temps et les lieux différents de la formation que sont les périodes de stage pratique sur le terrain et les séquences de formation en institut réclame l’instauration d’une coopération entre les acteurs impliqués : personnes en formation, formateurs et tuteurs. Celle-ci, regardée sous l’éclairage du construit de reliance, prend différentes formes et s’appuie sur différents moyens (dispositifs pédagogiques, livrets, portfolios, etc.). L’étude de certains d’entre eux a mis en évidence qu’ils peuvent être situés en référence à deux pôles ayant valeur de paradigmes : l’un se référant à une vision technique de la formation et de l’exercice de la profession (et à une « identité technicienne »), l’autre à une approche clinique de la formation et à une « identité clinicienne » des professions concernées.
A computationally efficient parallel Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm for highly parameterized inverse model analyses
Authors: Lin Youzuo , O'Malley Daniel , Vesselinov Velimir V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInverse modeling seeks model parameters given a set of observations. However, for practical problems because the number of measurements is often large and the model parameters are also numerous, conventional methods for inverse modeling can be computationally expensive. We have developed a new, computationally efficient parallel Levenberg‐Marquardt method for solving inverse modeling problems with a highly parameterized model space. Levenberg‐Marquardt methods require the solution of a linear system of equations which can be prohibitively expensive to compute for moderate to large‐scale problems. Our novel method projects the original linear problem down to a Krylov subspace such that the dimensionality of the problem can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, we store the Krylov subspace computed when using the first damping parameter and recycle the subspace for the subsequent damping parameters. The efficiency of our new inverse modeling algorithm is significantly improved using these computational techniques. We apply this new inverse modeling method to invert for random transmissivity fields in 2‐D and a random hydraulic conductivity field in 3‐D. Our algorithm is fast enough to solve for the distributed model parameters (transmissivity) in the model domain. The algorithm is coded in Julia and implemented in the MADS computational framework (http://mads.lanl.gov). By comparing with Levenberg‐Marquardt methods using standard linear inversion techniques such as QR or SVD methods, our Levenberg‐Marquardt method yields a speed‐up ratio on the order of
to
in a multicore computational environment. Therefore, our new inverse modeling method is a powerful tool for characterizing subsurface heterogeneity for moderate to large‐scale problems.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane‐Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Kojima Masahiro , Kanai Motomu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCatalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation is an environmentally benign way to desaturate organic compounds. This process is traditionally accomplished with transition‐metal‐based catalysts. Herein, a borane‐catalyzed, metal‐free acceptorless dehydrogenation of saturated N‐heterocycles is disclosed. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane was identified as a versatile catalyst, which afforded several synthetically important N‐heteroarenes in up to quantitative yield. Specifically, the present metal‐free catalytic system exhibited a uniquely high tolerance toward sulfur functionalities, and demonstrated superior reactivity in the synthesis of benzothiazoles compared to conventional metal‐catalyzed systems. This protocol can thus be regarded as the first example of metal‐free acceptorless dehydrogenation in synthetic organic chemistry.
Comparing crowdsourcing initiatives: Toward a typology development
Authors: Ali‐Hassan Hossam , Allam Hesham 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have examined the crowdsourcing phenomenon, little consensus exists regarding the classification of distinct types of activities within crowdsourcing. In this study, we identify and classify 12 crowdsourcing initiatives that comprise the key categories of crowdsourcing: Crowdpedia, Fansourcing, Crowdnetworking, Crowdsharing, Crowdvoting, Crowdfunding, Ideation, Open Innovation, User Innovation, Scisourcing, Crowd‐Relief, and Open Source Software. Our main objective is to establish the similarities and differences between basic crowdsourcing initiatives and develop a typology based on nine crowdsourcing dimensions that we develop. This crowdsourcing typology will provide a roadmap on which researchers can anchor their research and practitioners can make more informed decisions about which category of crowdsourcing they should seek. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Azaaurone Scaffold against the Hepatic and Erythrocytic Stages of Malaria Parasites
Authors: Carrasco Marta P. , Machado Marta , Gonçalves Lídia , Sharma Moni , Gut Jiri , Lukens Amanda K. , Wirth Dyann F. , André Vânia , Duarte Maria Teresa , Guedes Rita C. , dos Santos Daniel J. V. A. , Rosenthal Philip J. , Mazitschek Ralph , Prudêncio Miguel , Moreira Rui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe potential of azaaurones as dual‐stage antimalarial agents was investigated by assessing the effect of a small library of azaaurones on the inhibition of liver and intraerythrocytic lifecycle stages of the malaria parasite. The whole series was screened against the blood stage of a chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain and the liver stage of P. berghei, yielding compounds with dual‐stage activity and sub‐micromolar potency against erythrocytic parasites. Studies with genetically modified parasites, using a phenotypic assay based on the P. falciparum Dd2‐ScDHODH line, which expresses yeast dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), showed that one of the azaaurone derivatives has the potential to inhibit the parasite mitochondrial electron‐transport chain. The global urgency in finding new therapies for malaria, especially against the underexplored liver stage, associated with chemical tractability of azaaurones, warrants further development of this chemotype. Overall, these results emphasize the azaaurone chemotype as a promising scaffold for dual‐stage antimalarials.
Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation and Hydrogen Production in the Ketonization of Aldehydes
Authors: Orozco Lina M. , Renz Michael , Corma Avelino 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAldehydes possess relatively high chemical energy, which is the driving force for disproportionation reactions such as Cannizzaro and Tishchenko reactions. Generally, this energy is wasted if aldehydes are transformed into carboxylic acids with a sacrificial oxidant. Here, we describe a cascade reaction in which the surplus energy of the transformation is liberated as molecular hydrogen for the oxidation of heptanal to heptanoic acid by water, and the carboxylic acid is transformed into potentially industrially relevant symmetrical ketones by ketonic decarboxylation. The cascade reaction is catalyzed by monoclinic zirconium oxide (m‐ZrO2). The reaction mechanism has been studied through cross‐coupling experiments between different aldehydes and acids, and the final symmetrical ketones are formed by a reaction pathway that involves the previously formed carboxylic acids. Isotopic studies indicate that the carboxylic acid can be formed by a hydride shift from the adsorbed aldehyde on the metal oxide surface in the absence of noble metals.
Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Omadacycline in Healthy Participants
Authors: Tzanis Evan , Manley Amy , Villano Stephen , Tanaka S. Ken , Bai Stephen , Loh Evan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOmadacycline is a first‐in‐class aminomethylcycline antibiotic being evaluated in phase 3 studies as oral and intravenous monotherapy for bacterial infections. This was a phase 1, randomized, open‐label, 4‐period, crossover study that evaluated the effect of food consumption on the bioavailability of omadacycline. Healthy participant were randomized to 1 of 4 sequences, which included the following predose conditions in different orders (A) ≥6‐hour fast, (B) high‐fat, nondairy meal 4 hours before dosing, (C) high‐fat, nondairy meal 2 hours before dosing, and (D) high‐fat meal containing dairy 2 hours before dosing. Participants received a single 300‐mg oral dose of omadacycline during each treatment period; periods were separated by ≥5 days. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were collected over 24 hours after each dose, and safety assessments were performed during each treatment period. Least‐squares mean and 90% confidence intervals were compared for fed state vs fasted state. Thirty‐one participants were included in the PK analysis. Fasted AUC0‐∞, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐24 were 10.2, 7.2, and 7.2 μg·h/mL, respectively, and Cmax was 0.6 μg/mL. Compared with a fasted dose, bioavailability was reduced by 15% to 17% by a nondairy meal 4 hours before dosing, 40% to 42% by a nondairy meal 2 hours before dosing, and 59% to 63% for a dairy meal 2 hours before dosing. Two participants experienced adverse events (mild nausea, mild somnolence). A 300‐mg oral dose of omadacycline administered within 2 to 4 hours after food had reduced bioavailability compared with the fasted state. Oral omadacycline should be administered in a fasted state.
Comparing Different Infiltration Methods of the HEC‐HMS Model: The Case Study of the Mésima Torrent (Southern Italy)
Authors: Zema Demetrio Antonio , Labate Antonino , Martino Domenico , Zimbone Santo Marcello 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC‐HMS) model has been widely applied for estimating hydrological variables at event scale. The choice of the most suitable infiltration method simplifies model's applicability under different environmental conditions. A proper case study for evaluating the runoff prediction capability of HEC‐HMS by the available infiltration methods is the semi‐arid torrents typical of Southern Italy as they are small and intermittent water courses, often subject to high‐magnitude flash floods and erosive events. HEC‐HMS performance of the ‘SCS‐CN’, ‘Green‐Ampt’ and ‘Initial and Constant’ infiltration methods in predicting runoff volume and peak flow was evaluated at the outlet of the Mésima torrent, Calabria, Southern Italy. Fourteen rainfall–runoff events were simulated by HEC‐HMS and compared with the corresponding observations by a quantitative approach. A good accuracy in predicting runoff volume was achieved using the ‘SCS‐CN’ method after calibration of the initial curve numbers. Peak flow was better estimated using the ‘Initial and Constant’ method, also thanks to calibration of the ‘constant rate’ parameter. The calibrated hydrographs were very similar to the observations for both ‘SCS‐CN’ and ‘Initial and Constant’ methods. Adopting the ‘Green‐Ampt’ equations, however, showed low reliability. The evaluation of the time to flood peak was in some cases inadequate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urothelial ATP signaling: what is its role in bladder sensation?
Authors: Takezawa Kentaro , Kondo Makoto , Nonomura Norio , Shimada Shoichi 
Published: August 2016

AIMBladder functional disorders are common health problems; however, their pathologies are poorly understood. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from the urothelium has been suggested to have an essential role in the micturition reflex, and its involvement in bladder functional disorders has been intensively investigated. Here, we review the latest advances in research on urothelial ATP signaling.METHODSWe reviewed research articles on the role of the urothelium and urothelial ATP release in bladder function.RESULTSMice lacking purinergic receptors have been reported to exhibit marked bladder hyporeflexia. Based on this observation, it was commonly believed, according to the widely held ATP urothelial signaling theory, that stretch‐induced urothelial ATP release mediates the sensation of bladder filling via purinergic receptors. However, recent studies employing novel experimental methods and approaches have demonstrated that there are no significant differences in bladder function between wild‐type and purinergic receptor knockout mice under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, under pathological conditions, inhibition of purinergic receptors has been shown to improve bladder hyperactivity. Moreover, enhanced urothelial ATP release has been reported in patients with bladder functional disorders.CONCLUSIONSRecently, conflicting evidence has led us to question the role of urothelial ATP signaling in normal micturition reflex. In contrast, under pathological conditions, it seems likely that enhanced urothelial ATP signaling mediates bladder hyperactivity. These recent findings suggest that the urothelial ATP signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for bladder functional disorders.
Rapid screening and quantification of glucocorticoids in essential oils using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Li Ze , Zhou Zhigui , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei 
Published: August 2016

RationaleThere is a strong demand to develop a method capable of rapid screening for the adulteration of glucocorticoids (GCs) in cosmetics. An ambient ion source– direct analysis in real time (DART), coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) was used for the rapid screening of GCs in essential oils.MethodsLiquid–liquid extraction was employed prior to the DART‐QTOF MS analysis. Calibration curves for eight GCs were obtained using methyltestosterone as an internal standard. MS/MS experiments and accurate mass measurements were carried out to provide reliable and powerful evidence for the adulteration of targeted GCs.ResultsQuantification results were obtained in terms of linearity (R2 for all GCs, 0.986–0.996), sensitivity (limit of detection, 2.0–50 ng/mL), and repeatability (RSD, 1.2–6.0%). The entire analytical process can be finished in 5 min, compared with the GC/MS or LC/MS methods for which typical analysis times range from tens of minutes to >1 h. In addition, comparison of the performance of DART and ESI ion sources showed that DART possessed a relatively low matrix effect when handling complex samples.ConclusionsA new method for the rapid screening and quantification of GCs in essential oils was developed using DART‐QTOF MS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical and Surgical Dilemmas in Patients with Neglected Surgical Diseases Visiting a Field Hospital in a Zone of Recent Disaster
Authors: Lin Guy , Marom Tal , Dagan David , Merin Ofer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectThe massive typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) ripped across the central Philippines on November 8, 2013, and damaged infrastructure including hospitals. The Israeli Defense Forces field hospital was directed by the Philippine authorities to Bogo City in the northern part of the island of Cebu, to assist the damaged local hospital. Hundreds of patients with neglected diseases sought for medical treatment which was merely out of reach for them. Our ethical dilemmas were whether to intervene, when the treatment we could offer was not the best possible.MethodsEach patient had an electronic medical record that included diagnosis, management and aftercare instructions. We retrospectively reviewed all charts of patients.ResultsOver 200 patients presented with neglected chronic diseases (tuberculosis, goiter, hypertension and diabetes). We limited our intervention to extreme values of glucose and blood pressure. We had started anti‐tuberculosis medications, hoping that the patients will have an option to continue treatment. We examined 85 patients with a presumed diagnosis of malignancy. Without histopathology and advanced imaging modality, we performed palliative operations on three patients. Eighteen patients presented with inguinal hernia. We performed pure tissue repair on seven patients with large symptomatic hernias. We examined 12 children with cleft lip/palate and transferred two of them to Israel. We operated on one child with bilateral club feet. Out of 37 patients with pterygium, our ophthalmologist repaired the nine patients with the most severe vision disturbance.ConclusionMedical delegations to disaster areas should prepare a plan and appropriate measures to deal with non‐urgent diseases.
An investigation into the mortality experienced by Pensioners of the Staffs of Banks and Insurance Companies, with a Note on the moratality experienced by Deferred Annuitants
Authors: Warren Cyril F. 
Published: August 2016

When the subject of this paper was suggested to me, I realized that a big task would be involved, but the prospect of obtaining interesting results, combined with the fact that a mortality table applicable to such data would possibly prove of material assistance to Actuaries, emboldened me to proceed with the Investigation.The Managers of the five large Banking Institutions were approached, and after discussing the matter with them, I was able to proceed with the certain knowledge that the clerical work involved in supplying the data would be carried out by their respective staffs. A circular letter addressed to the Insurance Companies met with an equally sympathetic response, and I was thereby able to receive the cards with the majority of the work, as regards the tabulations of the data, already done. I should like to take this opportunity of tendering my sincere appreciation of the help so readily given by the officials of the Banks and Insurance Companies, not only for allowing me to make use of the data they had available, but also for their assistance in the clerical work involved in tabulation.
On the Distribution of Life Office Profits
Authors: Coutts C. R. V. , Rich C. D. 
Published: August 2016

In this essay an attempt has been made1. To examine the principles on which the profits of a life office should be equitably distributed,(a) As between existing policyholders and new entrants.(b) As between the various categories of existing policyholders.2. To consider the application of these principles generally and to illustrate by numerical examples the effect of changes in the main factors which govern profit-earning power.
Notes upon Experiments with Actuarial Functions and Fourier's Series
Authors: Anderson T. F. , O'Brien H. 
Published: August 2016

Our attention was called to Fourier's Series in a discussion on engineering subjects with Professor William E. Dalby, F.R.S., the Dean of the City and Guilds Central Technical College, London University. Judging by the use made of Fourier's Series in engineering problems, it seemed possible that it might apply equally well to actuarial and statistical science.Sir George F. Hardy in his course of lectures on the Construction and Graduation of Tables of Mortality (p. 35) stated “A second test tha t has occasionally been applied when the graduation has been effected by means of a formula is that of making the sums of the squares of the deviations a minimum … This method, known as the method of Least Squares, is used very generally in connection with measurements in astronomy and other physical sciences …”
Valuation of Reversions and life Interests for the Purpose of Apportionment of Trust Funds
Authors: Benz N. 
Published: August 2016

…the solutions given…are so various as to excite no little surprise and distrust in the minds of those unacquainted with the subject, under whose notice such solutions are brought.…a great deal of judgment and discretion must always be required from the actuary, and…it is not possible to lay down any general rule which shall altogether obviate such requirement.The quotations above are taken from a paper by Jellicoe (J.I.A.6, 61) which was discussed by this Institute in 1855. It is a salutary thought that there are no subsequent statements recorded in J.I.A. on the subject which seem to express so succinctly the two principal points which should always be borne in mind when the apportionment of a trust fund is under consideration. It must be stated immediately, however, that since 1855 problems of apportionment have been discussed only in 1871 (J.I.A.16, 269), 1873 (J.I.A.18, 77) and 1925 (J.I.A.56, 243); indeed, reversions and life interests have scarcely been mentioned in Institute discussions since 1935, when O. I'A. Thurston presented his paper on Death Duties (J.I.A.66, 369).