bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand l’impensable guide l’intervention. L’imprévisible accident mortel dans l’activité des agents de contrôle du travail
Authors: Reille-Baudrin Emmanuelle , Werthe Christiane 
Published: March 2016

Cet article propose de définir ce qu’intervenir signifie à partir des développements inattendus d’une intervention dans le cadre de la santé mentale au travail pour une direction régionale du travail.Depuis la commande jusqu’à l’action dans le milieu professionnel, nous interrogerons le déploiement de la méthode des instructions au sosie qui guide l’intervention et permet de l’analyser comme un processus de tamisage de l’activité ordinaire de travail jusqu’à, collectivement, rendre pensable et discutable la confrontation professionnelle avec la mort.Nous analyserons l’intervention à partir des conditions mises en place d’un cadre susceptible de soutenir un déplacement favorable aux professionnels : passer de récits mortifères singuliers à l’objectivation collective d’un geste de métier pour faire face au drame toujours possible de l’accident du travail. C’est le processus de civilisation des affects liés au surgissement imprévisible de l’accident mortel dans l’activité des agents de contrôle du travail qui sera, ici, étudié dans le déroulement de l’intervention.
Ergonomie et domaine muséal
Authors: Bationo-Tillon Anne 
Published: March 2016

Cet article propose d’aborder le domaine muséal à travers des concepts et méthodes issus de l’ergonomie. Après une revue de l’art succincte des questions qui traversent ce champ et celui de la médiation culturelle, nous proposons un modèle de l’activité de rencontre avec une œuvre d’art (MARO) d’un visiteur de musée capable. Plus précisément, nous examinons l’activité de rencontre avec une œuvre d’art, en éclairant les différentes classes de situation qui peuvent se déployer en contexte. Ce papier présente les résultats empiriques de deux études complémentaires : des activités muséales dans une situation de visite collective et guidée ainsi que dans un contexte de visite individuelle instrumentée. Nous décrivons et confrontons les invariants de l’activité des visiteurs au modèle MARO. Enfin nous discutons des apports de ce modèle de l’activité muséale du visiteur capable pour mieux étudier et outiller les activités de visite de musée, ainsi que les professionnels de musée.
Structurer l’organisation pour développer le pouvoir d’agir : le rôle possible de l’intervention en ergonomie
Authors: Petit Johann , Dugué Bernard 
Published: March 2016

La recherche sur la pratique en ergonomie fait l’objet de travaux depuis de nombreuses années. L’objectif de cette recherche vise à proposer des généralisations concernant les démarches d’intervention des ergonomes, à partir de cas concrets. Nous souhaitons montrer que l’implication des ergonomes dans les projets de transformation du travail a évolué. Les ergonomes se sont construits une place indiscutable parmi les acteurs qui transforment le travail. Cela dit, il nous semble que deux facteurs majeurs obligent à penser différemment leur action. D’une part, les évolutions du monde du travail, avec notamment l’accroissement des activités de services et de nouvelles formes d’organisation, nous contraignent inévitablement à accentuer nos actions sur des déterminants organisationnels. D’autre part, l’évolution des modèles de la santé nous permettent d’envisager celle-ci comme un construit, favorisé par le développement des individus et des collectifs : le développement des opérateurs au sein de leur environnement de travail devient ainsi un objectif en soi. À partir d’une intervention, nous essaierons de montrer que l’intervention ergonomique doit avoir un objectif double et des dispositifs associés 1) Favoriser l’expérimentation organisationnelle à partir d’un travail collectif sur la gestion des difficultés de production. Ce dispositif sera envisagé comme un moyen de développer les apprentissages sur le travail et sur la régulation organisationnelle. 2) Transformer la structure organisationnelle et des circuits décisionnels par un travail avec les décideurs.
Travail, affects, activité transférentielle
Authors: Scheller Livia 
Published: March 2016

Certaines interventions en clinique de l’activité sont directement impulsées par une demande concernant des conflits apparemment insurmontables entre salariés et directions. Cet article rend compte de l’une de ces interventions, à partir d’un point d’entrée concernant le traitement des affects, des émotions et sentiments qui traversent et mobilisent l’activité de travail. Cette entrée constitue l’objet théorique de ce texte et l’objet clinique de l’intervention. L’article veut montrer comment à partir de l’activité d’analyse de la situation de travail, analyse qui mobilise des dialogues sur l’activité subjective et collective, prend forme une activité que nous avons définie de « transférentielle ». Les résultats de l’intervention ont en effet conduit à transférer les affects personnels propres aux conflits destructeurs en cours en affects compris comme étant liés au délitement des formes transpersonnelles du métier analysé. Cela a permis une révision des formes d’organisation de l’activité du service, à partir de préconisations produites par le collectif des salariés, validés par le groupe des dirigeants.
A MicroRNA-Mediated Positive Feedback Regulatory Loop of the NF-κB Pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Zuo Hongliang , Yuan Jia , Chen Yonggui , Li Sedong , Su Ziqi , Wei Erman , Li Chaozheng , Weng Shaoping , Xu Xiaopeng , He Jianguo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the evolutionarily conserved canonical NF-κB pathway, degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκB in the cytoplasmic NF-κB/IκB complex allows the liberated NF-κB to translocate into the nucleus to activate various target genes. The regulatory mechanism governing this process needs further investigation. In this study, a novel microRNA, temporarily named miR-1959, was first identified from an invertebrate Litopenaeus vannamei. miR-1959 targets the 3′-untranslated region of the IκB homolog Cactus gene and reduces the protein level of Cactus in vivo, whereas the NF-κB homolog Dorsal directly binds the miR-1959 promoter to activate its transcription. Therefore, miR-1959 mediates a positive feedback regulatory loop, in that Dorsal activates miR-1959 expression, and in turn, miR-1959 inhibits the expression of Cactus, further leading to enhanced activation of Dorsal. Moreover, miR-1959 regulates the expression of many antimicrobial peptides in vivo and is involved in antibacterial immunity. To our knowledge, it is the first discovery of a microRNA-mediated feedback loop that directly regulates the NF-κB/IκB complex. This positive feedback loop could collaborate with the known NF-κB/IκB negative loop to generate a dynamic balance to regulate the activity of NF-κB, thus constituting an effective regulatory mechanism at the critical node of the NF-κB pathway.
Multispectral Imaging of T and B Cells in Murine Spleen and Tumor
Authors: Feng Zipei , Jensen Shawn M. , Messenheimer David J. , Farhad Mohammed , Neuberger Michael , Bifulco Carlo B. , Fox Bernard A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recent advances in multiplex immunohistochemistry techniques allow for quantitative, spatial identification of multiple immune parameters for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic insight. However, applying such techniques to murine fixed tissues, particularly sensitive epitopes, such as CD4, CD8α, and CD19, has been difficult. We compared different fixation protocols and Ag-retrieval techniques and validated the use of multiplex immunohistochemistry for detection of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cell subsets in murine spleen and tumor. This allows for enumeration of these T cell subsets within immune environments, as well as the study of their spatial distribution.
Carpets Design and Map Investigation of Baluch of Khorasan (Case Study of Areas Taibad and Khaf)
Authors: Nia Maryam Foroughi , Piri Ali , Erfanmanesh Raheleh , Kermani Lahya Hosseini 
Published: March 2016

<p>Application design and role in carpets from different regions of Iran, represents the effects of nature and each region according to the customs, different doctrines, attitudes, different ideas and perceptions that to the design and creation deals. Region of Khaf and Taibad of southern Khorasan are rural conception graph of nature and beliefs of people of the region that are appeared as geometric and semi-geometric. In the study the attempt is to present motifs and colors in the southern regions of Razavi Khorasan carpets that are less explored, examined, and derivate. According to the initial hypothesis carpet designs of carpet in the areas are influenced by neighboring nations. The research questions that will be addressed in the study include: what are the common motifs in South Khorasan carpets, especially in the regions Khaf and Taibad? To what extent the pattern has root in neighboring ethnic groups and immigrants' carpet weaving?</p><p>In this descriptive and analytical study based on fieldwork and librarian study, first a significant number of contemporary carpets were observed and photographed in the area index motifs has derived and then the motifs were named based on local weavers' information and accommodation of neighboring ethnic motifs and categorized by content.</p><p>The results indicate that geometric patterns affected by ethnic Baloch and Turkmen motifs and semi-geometric patterns by Arabs Afshar and central regions of Iran. Many of the acquired maps have no clear name and identity and require rooting in neighboring cultures, especially in Sistan and Turkmen carpet. </p>
Nitrogen deposition to lakes in national parks of the western Great Lakes region: Isotopic signatures, watershed retention, and algal shifts
Authors: Hobbs William O. , Lafrancois Brenda Moraska , Stottlemyer Robert , Toczydlowski David , Engstrom Daniel R. , Edlund Mark B. , Almendinger James E. , Strock Kristin E. , VanderMeulen David , Elias Joan E. , Saros Jasmine E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAtmospheric deposition is a primary source of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to undisturbed watersheds of the Great Lakes region of the U.S., raising concerns over whether enhanced delivery over recent decades has affected lake ecosystems. The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) has been measuring Nr deposition in this region for over 35 years. Here we explore the relationships among NADP‐measured Nr deposition, nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) in lake sediments, and the response of algal communities in 28 lakes situated in national parks of the western Great Lakes region of the U.S. We find that 36% of the lakes preserve a sediment δ15N record that is statistically correlated with some form of Nr deposition (total dissolved inorganic N, nitrate, or ammonium). Furthermore, measured long‐term (since 1982) nitrogen biogeochemistry and inferred critical nitrogen loads suggest that watershed nitrogen retention and climate strongly affect whether sediment δ15N is related to Nr deposition in lake sediment records. Measurements of algal change over the last ~ 150 years suggest that Nr deposition, in‐lake nutrient cycling, and watershed inputs are important factors affecting diatom community composition, in addition to direct climatic effects on lake physical limnology. The findings suggest that bulk sediment δ15N does reflect Nr deposition in some instances. In addition, this study highlights the interactive effects of Nr deposition and climate variability.
Thermal structure and melting conditions in the mantle beneath the Basin and Range province from seismology and petrology
Authors: Plank T. , Forsyth D. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo better constrain the temperature structure in the upper mantle, we jointly invert seismic surface wave velocities and basalt thermobarometry. New measurements of the water concentration (1.0–3.5 wt %) and oxygen fugacity (FMQ + 0.5 to + 1.5) of basalts from seven recently active volcanic fields in the Basin and Range province (Cima, Pisgah, Amboy, Big Pine, Black Rock, Snow Canyon, W. Grand Canyon) enable more accurate equilibration pressure (P) and temperature (T) estimates of the mantle melts. We developed a revised thermobarometer that more precisely predicts the results of laboratory experiments on melts equilibrated with olivine and orthopyroxene and accounts for the effects of water and CO2. Applying these methods to basalts from the Basin and Range we find that most equilibrated near the dry solidus in P‐T space and at depths in the vicinity of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) inferred from receiver function analysis and Rayleigh surface wave tomography. The wet basalts should have begun melting well below the dry solidus, so the depths of equilibration probably reflect ponding of rising melts beneath the nominally dry lithosphere. A two‐parameter thermal model is sufficient to simultaneously satisfy both the seismological and petrological constraints. In the model, the depth to the dry solidus defines the bottom boundary of the conductive lid, while the potential temperature (Tp) controls the asthenosphere and LAB thermal structure. The optimum estimates of Tp range from <1300 to >1500°C, and depths to the LAB range from ∼55 to 75 km, with uncertainties on the order of ±50°C and ±10 km. In contrast to standard tomographic images or basalt thermobarometry, the output of the joint inversion is a geotherm that can be tested quantitatively against other observations.
Scaling of precipitation extremes with temperature in the French Mediterranean region: What explains the hook shape?
Authors: Drobinski P. , Alonzo B. , Bastin S. , Silva N. Da , Muller C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExpected changes to future extreme precipitation remain a key uncertainty associated with anthropogenic climate change. Extreme precipitation has been proposed to scale with the precipitable water content in the atmosphere. Assuming constant relative humidity, this implies an increase of precipitation extremes at a rate of about 7% °C−1 globally as indicated by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship. Increases faster and slower than Clausius‐Clapeyron have also been reported. In this work, we examine the scaling between precipitation extremes and temperature in the present climate using simulations and measurements from surface weather stations collected in the frame of the HyMeX and MED‐CORDEX programs in Southern France. Of particular interest are departures from the Clausius‐Clapeyron thermodynamic expectation, their spatial and temporal distribution, and their origin. Looking at the scaling of precipitation extreme with temperature, two regimes emerge which form a hook shape: one at low temperatures (cooler than around 15°C) with rates of increase close to the Clausius‐Clapeyron rate and one at high temperatures (warmer than about 15°C) with sub‐Clausius‐Clapeyron rates and most often negative rates. On average, the region of focus does not seem to exhibit super Clausius‐Clapeyron behavior except at some stations, in contrast to earlier studies. Many factors can contribute to departure from Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling: time and spatial averaging, choice of scaling temperature (surface versus condensation level), and precipitation efficiency and vertical velocity in updrafts that are not necessarily constant with temperature. But most importantly, the dynamical contribution of orography to precipitation in the fall over this area during the so‐called “Cevenoles” events, explains the hook shape of the scaling of precipitation extremes.
Constraining the aerosol influence on cloud fraction
Authors: Gryspeerdt E. , Quaas J. , Bellouin N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAerosol‐cloud interactions have the potential to modify many different cloud properties. There is significant uncertainty in the strength of these aerosol‐cloud interactions in analyses of observational data, partly due to the difficulty in separating aerosol effects on clouds from correlations generated by local meteorology. The relationship between aerosol and cloud fraction (CF) is particularly important to determine, due to the strong correlation of CF to other cloud properties and its large impact on radiation. It has also been one of the hardest to quantify from satellites due to the strong meteorological covariations involved. This work presents a new method to analyze the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and CF. By including information about the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), the impact of the meteorological covariations is significantly reduced. This method shows that much of the AOD‐CF correlation is explained by relationships other than that mediated by CDNC. By accounting for these, the strength of the global mean AOD‐CF relationship is reduced by around 80%. This suggests that the majority of the AOD‐CF relationship is due to meteorological covariations, especially in the shallow cumulus regime. Requiring CDNC to mediate the AOD‐CF relationship implies an effective anthropogenic radiative forcing from an aerosol influence on liquid CF of −0.48 W m−2 (−0.1 to −0.64 W m−2), although some uncertainty remains due to possible biases in the CDNC retrievals in broken cloud scenes.
Particulate matter and black carbon optical properties and emission factors from prescribed fires in the southeastern United States
Authors: Holder Amara L. , Hagler Gayle S. W. , Aurell Johanna , Hays Michael D. , Gullett Brian K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAerosol optical properties of biomass burning emissions are critical parameters determining how these emissions impact the Earth's climate. Despite their importance, field measurements of aerosol optical properties from fires remain scarce. Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires of forested and grass plots in the southeastern United States were measured and compared to emissions from laboratory simulations. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and aerosol light scattering and absorption were characterized for all fires. Refractory BC emission factors (EFs) measured at ground level (~2 m) were 0.76 ± 0.15 g/kg, comparable to the 0.93 ± 0.32 g/kg measured aloft (~100–600 m). However, PM EFs measured by aircraft were only 18% (5.4 ± 2.0 g/kg) of those measured on the ground (28.8 ± 9.8 g/kg). Such large differences in PM EFs for the same fire have not been previously reported and may plausibly be due to the differing particle measurement methodologies being applied but also likely related to partitioning of organic compounds to the gas phase as the plume dilutes aloft. Higher PM EFs on the ground may also be related to a higher contribution from smoldering combustion. The absorption Ångström exponents (αa) for the high intensity South Carolina fires were 3.92 ± 0.6, which was larger than prescribed forest fire in Florida (2.84) and the grass fire in Florida (2.71), implying a larger absorption contribution from brown carbon from higher‐intensity fires. Aerosol optical properties from laboratory simulations did not represent field measurements.
The importance of contrail ice formation for mitigating the climate impact of aviation
Authors: Kärcher B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAircraft contrails and the cirrus clouds arising from them contribute substantially to aviation‐induced climate forcing. The share of aviation in anthropogenic climate change can be reduced by avoiding contrail cirrus formation. The mitigation potential of altering the contrail formation stage is explored using a microphysical model to show how reductions in soot particle number emissions from jet engines, reductions in mean soot particle size, and a decrease in the supersaturation of aircraft exhaust plumes substantially lowers the optical depth of young contrails thereby decreasing the occurrence, lifetime, and radiative impact of contrail cirrus. The improved scientific understanding of initial ice formation processes allows atmospheric effects of mitigation options related to contrail cirrus to be investigated in unprecedented detail, especially those associated with the use of alternative aviation fuels. This study will enable a leap forward toward more reliable simulations addressing global climatic effects of contrail‐induced cloudiness.
Representing leaf and root physiological traits in CLM improves global carbon and nitrogen cycling predictions
Authors: Ghimire Bardan , Riley William J. , Koven Charles D. , Mu Mingquan , Randerson James T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn many ecosystems, nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth and productivity. However, current Earth System Models (ESMs) do not mechanistically represent functional nitrogen allocation for photosynthesis or the linkage between nitrogen uptake and root traits. The current version of CLM (4.5) links nitrogen availability and plant productivity via (1) an instantaneous downregulation of potential photosynthesis rates based on soil mineral nitrogen availability, and (2) apportionment of soil nitrogen between plants and competing nitrogen consumers assumed to be proportional to their relative N demands. However, plants do not photosynthesize at potential rates and then downregulate; instead photosynthesis rates are governed by nitrogen that has been allocated to the physiological processes underpinning photosynthesis. Furthermore, the role of plant roots in nutrient acquisition has also been largely ignored in ESMs. We therefore present a new plant nitrogen model for CLM4.5 with (1) improved representations of linkages between leaf nitrogen and plant productivity based on observed relationships in a global plant trait database and (2) plant nitrogen uptake based on root‐scale Michaelis‐Menten uptake kinetics. Our model improvements led to a global bias reduction in GPP, LAI, and biomass of 70%, 11%, and 49%, respectively. Furthermore, water use efficiency predictions were improved conceptually, qualitatively, and in magnitude. The new model's GPP responses to nitrogen deposition, CO2 fertilization, and climate also differed from the baseline model. The mechanistic representation of leaf‐level nitrogen allocation and a theoretically consistent treatment of competition with belowground consumers led to overall improvements in global carbon cycling predictions.
Quantifying the signature of sediment composition on the topologic and dynamic complexity of river delta channel networks and inferences toward delta classification
Authors: Tejedor Alejandro , Longjas Anthony , Caldwell Rebecca , Edmonds Douglas A. , Zaliapin Ilya , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDeltas contain complex self‐organizing channel networks that nourish the surface with sediment and nutrients. Developing a quantitative understanding of how controlling physical mechanisms of delta formation relate to the channel networks they imprint on the landscape remains an open problem, hindering further progress on quantitative delta classification and understanding process from form. Here we isolate the effect of sediment composition on network structure by analyzing Delft3D river‐dominated deltas within the recently introduced graph‐theoretic framework for quantifying complexity of delta channel networks. We demonstrate that deltas with coarser incoming sediment tend to be more complex topologically (increased number of pathways) but simpler dynamically (reduced flux exchange between subnetworks) and that once a morphodynamic steady state is reached, complexity also achieves a steady state. By positioning simulated deltas on the so‐called TopoDynamic complexity space and comparing with field deltas, we propose a quantitative framework for exploring complexity toward systematic inference and classification.