bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection probabilities for sessile organisms
Authors: Berberich Gabriele M. , Dormann Carsten F. , Klimetzek Dietrich , Berberich Martin B. , Sanders Nathan J. , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEstimation of population sizes and species ranges is central to population and conservation biology. It is widely appreciated that imperfect detection of mobile animals must be accounted for when estimating population size from presence–absence data. Sessile organisms also are imperfectly detected, but correction for detection probability in estimating their population sizes is rare. We illustrate challenges of detection probability and population estimation of sessile organisms using censuses of red wood ant (Formica rufa‐group) nests as a case study. These ants, widespread in the northern hemisphere, can make large (up to 2 m tall), highly visible nests. Using data from a mapping campaign by eight observers with varying experience of sixteen 3600‐m2 plots in the Black Forest region of southwest Germany, we compared three different statistical approaches (a nest‐level data‐augmentation patch‐occupancy model with event‐specific covariates; a plot‐level Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood model; nonparametric Chao‐type estimators) for quantifying detection probability of sessile organisms. Detection probabilities by individual observers of red wood ant nests ranged from 0.31 to 0.64 for small nests, depending on observer experience and nest size (detection rates were approximately 0.17 higher for large nests), but not on habitat characteristics (forest type, local vegetation). Robust estimation of population density of sessile organisms—even highly apparent ones such as red wood ant nests—thus requires estimation of detection probability, just as it does when estimating population density of rare or cryptic species. Our models additionally provide approaches to calculate the number of observers needed for a required level of accuracy. Estimating detection probability is vital not only when censuses are conducted by experts, but also when citizen‐scientists are engaged in mapping and monitoring of both common and rare species.
Phosphorus loading rates in lakes with development and stocked fish in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA
Authors: Lyons Rebecca A. , Johnson Lissah K. , McIntyre Blodwyn M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn high‐elevation lakes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of central California, USA, increases in P concentration suggest accelerated nutrient loading in these delicate aquatic ecosystems. Some of these lakes show signs of eutrophication due to increased P loading. Presently, fish stocking practices include introductions of non‐native as well as native fish, and sometimes in very large quantities. Stocked fish are fed diets that are often high in P and in turn excrete high P waste into lakes and/or die and decompose, potentially adding additional P to the system. The goal of this research was to determine the potential P contributions from residential shoreline developments and stocked fish. A seasonal, steady state P loading rate model was created to quantify P loading into nine lakes in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Lakes with no fish, stocked lakes, and lakes that have shoreline developments and stocked fish were compared using measured P concentrations. The greatest difference in P‐loading rates was between stocked and unstocked lakes, which yielded an average of 6.29 × 10−3 (±6.39 × 10−3) mg P·L−1·yr−1 and 6.87 (±5.41) mg P·L−1·yr−1, respectively. Stocked lakes with shoreline development did not vary significantly from lakes with stocked fish and no shoreline development. The P‐loading rate showed a correlation with the annual frequency of stocking events with an R2 value of 0.73.
A Disposable Carbon Nanotubes‐screen Printed Electrode (CNTs‐SPE) for Determination of the Antifungal Agent Posaconazole in Biological Samples
Authors: Hassan Rabeay Y. A. , Sultan Maha A. , El‐Alamin Maha M. Abou , Atia Mostafa A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor the first time, the use of carbon nanotubes was exploited for the development of a sensitive electrochemical method for determination of the newly antifungal posaconazole (POS). The electrochemical activity of POS was investigated at the surface of multi‐walled nanotubes (MWNTs) modified electrode. The cyclic voltammograms showed a sharp oxidation peak at potential around 671 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. To reach the assay optimization, factors affecting the method sensitivity have been investigated, such as types of carbon nanotubes and its concentration in the electrode matrix, type of supporting electrolyte, pH, accumulation time and scan rate. A good linear relationship was obtained within the concentration range from 32–1280 ng/ml with the limit of detection and quantification of 11 ng/ml and 33 ng/ml, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of POS in its commercial dosage form, spiked human plasma samples, and dried blood spots. The in vivo results obtained were also used to study the pharmacokinetics of POS in human plasma. The results obtained were validated and found to be in accordance with those obtained by the reference methods.
Seismic hybrid simulation of a nonductile RC building with severe damage to multiple columns
Authors: Murray Justin A. , Sasani Mehrdad 
Published: November 2016

SummaryReinforced concrete frame structures built prior to the mid‐1970s are susceptible to brittle column failure under seismic action, potentially leading to progressive collapse of the structure. The behavior of columns susceptible to brittle shear‐axial failure has been studied previously but rarely has the interaction between damaged columns and the surrounding three‐dimensional structure been investigated experimentally and at full scale. In this study, as the second in a series of hybrid simulations, two full‐scale reinforced concrete columns of a representative pre‐1970s structure were tested at the Multi‐axial Full‐scale Substructure Testing and Simulation (MUST‐SIM) laboratory. Through the use of hybrid simulation, the interaction of the columns with the surrounding structure is studied under a severe seismic motion including vertical excitation.The computational model representing the remainder of the representative 10‐story structure is created in the computer program OpenSees. During the hybrid simulation, both physical specimens experience significant loss of shear and axial strength, and the effects of these failures on the surrounding system are described. The three‐dimensional computational model in OpenSees allowed for analytical flexural‐axial failure of a third column in the structure to occur. The effects of these multiple failures on the response of a full structural system under seismic action are quantified, and the progressive collapse resistance mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint location and power optimisation of femto base stations to improve indoor coverage: a geometric approach
Authors: Kundu Anindita , Sanyal Salil K. , Misra Iti Saha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFemto base station (FBS) deployment with existing Macro Base Stations improves Quality of Service of end users in dead‐zone while simultaneously increasing co‐channel femto–femto interference. This necessitates judicious planning before FBS deployment. In this paper, a novel geometric approach to model any 3‐D deployment region along with two particle swarm optimisation based joint location and power optimisation algorithms: LOA‐POA and LPOA are proposed. The geometric plan of the deployment region (with multiple multistoried buildings) with 3‐D coordinates of serving‐MBS has been generated and provided as input to LOA‐POA and LPOA, to identify positions and transmission powers of the FBSs required to maximise coverage. For a significantly large deployment region of 1600 sq. m., the LPOA identifies locations and transmission powers of four co‐channel FBSs within 140 s while LOA‐POA identifies the same for five FBSs within 40 s. Simulation exhibits requisite coverage after FBS installation. Comparison of these algorithms has been carried out with existing works considering different wall materials. LPOA is observed to provide most economic solution but with higher convergence time than LOA‐POA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KRAS driven expression signature has prognostic power superior to mutation status in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Pongor Lőrinc Sándor , Szabó András , Santarpia Mariacarmela , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: November 2016

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic role of KRAS mutation status in NSCLC still remains controversial. We hypothesize that the expression changes of genes affected by KRAS mutation status will have the most prominent effect and could be used as a prognostic signature in lung cancer.We divided NSCLC patients with mutation and RNA‐seq data into KRAS mutated and wild type groups. Mann‐Whitney test was used to identify genes showing altered expression between these cohorts. Mean expression of the top five genes was designated as a “transcriptomic fingerprint” of the mutation. We evaluated the effect of this signature on clinical outcome in 2,437 NSCLC patients using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.Mutation of KRAS was most common in adenocarcinoma. Mutation status and KRAS expression were not correlated to prognosis. The transcriptomic fingerprint of KRAS include FOXRED2, KRAS, TOP1, PEX3 and ABL2. The KRAS signature had a high prognostic power. Similar results were achieved when using the second and third set of strongest genes. Moreover, all cutoff values delivered significant prognostic power (p < 0.01). The KRAS signature also remained significant (p < 0.01) in a multivariate analysis including age, gender, smoking history and tumor stage.We generated a “surrogate signature” of KRAS mutation status in NSCLC patients by computationally linking genotype and gene expression. We show that secondary effects of a mutation can have a higher prognostic relevance than the primary genetic alteration itself.
Previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes in ovarian follicles of cultured siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes)
Authors: Żelazowska Monika , Fopp‐Bayat Dorota 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPrevitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes in ovarian follicles from cultured Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii were examined. In previtellogenic oocytes, granular and homogeneous zones in the cytoplasm (the ooplasm) are distinguished. Material of nuclear origin, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, complexes of mitochondria with cement and round bodies are numerous in the granular ooplasm. In vitellogenic oocytes, the ooplasm comprises three zones: perinuclear area, endoplasm and periplasm. The endoplasm contains yolk platelets, lipid droplets, and aggregations of mitochondria and granules immersed in amorphous material. In the nucleoplasm, lampbrush chromosomes, nucleoli, and two types of nuclear bodies are present. The first type of nuclear bodies is initially composed of fibrillar threads only. Their ultrastructure subsequently changes and they contain threads and medium electron dense material. The second type of nuclear bodies is only composed of electron dense particles. All nuclear bodies impregnate with silver, stain with propidium iodide, and are DAPI‐negative. Their possible role is discussed. All oocytes are surrounded by follicular cells and a basal lamina which is covered by thecal cells. Egg envelopes are not present in previtellogenic oocytes. In vitellogenic oocytes, the plasma membrane (the oolemma) is covered by three envelopes: vitelline envelope, chorion, and extrachorion. Vitelline envelope comprises four sublayers: filamentous layer, trabecular layer 2 (t2), homogeneous layer, and trabecular layer 1 (t1). In the chorion, porous layer 1 and porous layer 2 are distinguished in most voluminous examined oocytes. Three micropylar cells that are necessary for the formation of micropyles are present between follicular cells at the animal hemisphere. J. Morphol. 278:50–61, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Leg injuries and wound repair among cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)
Authors: Townsend Victor R. , Schaus Maynard H. , Zvonareva Tatyana , Illinik Jeffrey J. , Evans John T. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of leg injuries in harvestmen have focused on the fitness consequences for individuals that use autospasy (voluntary detachment of the leg) as a secondary defense mechanism. Leg damage among non‐autotomizing species of laniatorean harvestmen has not been investigated. Under laboratory conditions, we damaged femur IV of Cynorta marginalis and observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the changes in these wounds over ten days. We also used SEM to examine leg damage from individuals of three species of cosmetid harvestmen that were collected in the field. On the basis of changes in the external surface of the hemolymph coagulum, we classified these wounds as fresh (coagulum forming), recent (coagulum with smooth surface), older (coagulum is scale‐like with visible cell fragments), and fully healed (scale replaced by new cuticle growth on the terminal stump). Our observations indicate that wound healing in harvestmen occurs in a manner comparable to that of other chelicerates. Leg injuries exhibited interspecific variation with respect to the overall frequency of leg wounds and the specific legs that were most commonly damaged. In addition, we measured walking and climbing speeds of adult C. marginalis and found that individuals with fresh injuries (lab‐induced) to femur IV walked at speeds significantly slower than uninjured adults or individuals collected from the field that had fully healed wounds to a single leg. J. Morphol. 278:73–88, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Comparative morphology of the reproductive system of seven species of ostariophysan fishes from the upper Das Velhas River, Brazil
Authors: Melo Rafael Magno Costa , Gomes Débora Diniz , Moreira Davidson Peruci , Gomes Maysa Regina , Bazzoli Nilo , Rizzo Elizete 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe success of fishes in different environments is related with the variation of reproductive strategies developed by the systematic group, which is reflected in the morphology of the reproductive system and can have ecological and evolutionary implications. This study comparatively analyzed the morphological characteristics of the male and female reproductive systems of ostariophysan fish species from the upper Das Velhas River in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil. In order to accomplish this, 393 specimens belonging to seven fish species were sampled between April 2010 and June 2015 for histological, ultrastructural, histochemical, and morphometric analyses. All the species examined have anastomosing tubular testes with unrestricted distribution of spermatogonia. Astyanax bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, A. scabripinnis, and Harttia torrenticola had their spermatozoa embedded in a glycoprotein secretion within the tubule lumen. Most species had type I spermiogenesis, whereas Rhamdia quelen had type III spermiogenesis. While all females examined had asynchronous oocyte development, there were remarkable morphological, histochemical, and morphometric differences in the ovarian follicles and enveloping layers. Hoplias malabaricus and H. torrenticola, which exhibit parental care behaviour, had a significantly larger diameter of vitellogenic oocytes and larger spermatozoa nuclei. Apareiodon ibitiensis, H. torrenticola, and A. scabripinnis, species that have rheophilic preferences, exhibited a thicker zona radiata than the other species examined. The follicular cells of R. quelen and H. torrenticola were columnar and produced a jelly coat and mucosubstances, respectively. The females of the seven fish species studied show a correlation of the reproductive strategies with the reproductive system morphology, while males retained more similar morphological characteristics between species. J. Morphol. 278:170–181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Isolation, purification, and identification of the main phenolic compounds from leaves of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill./Pers.)
Authors: Liu Guoyan , Zhuang Linwu , Song Dandan , Lu Chunliang , Xu Xin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe developed a simple and meaningful preparative method for the separation and purification of the main phenolic compounds from the leaves of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill./Pers.) and we established an accurate and specific analytical method for the identification of the main phenolic compounds from celery leaves. The crude extract from celery leaves was prefractioned by polyamide resin to enrich the phenolic compounds. They were then purified further by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and seven main phenolic compounds were obtained: including chlorogenic acid, luteolin 7‐O‐β‐d‐apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, luteolin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, apiin, chrysoeriol 7‐O‐β‐d‐apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, luteolin 7‐O‐[β‐d‐apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, and apigenin 7‐O‐[β‐d‐apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)]‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside. Their purities were measured by using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were confirmed using UV spectrophotometry, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Our studies indicate that preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with polyamide resin is a simple and meaningful preparative method for the separation and purification of phenolic compounds from the leaves of celery or other plants, and the use of UV spectrophotometry, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy is an accurate and specific analytical method for the identification of phenolic compounds.
Investigation of couple stress effects on poroelastic squeeze film of parallel plates
Authors: Gbehe Ory Serge Tanguy , El Khlifi Mohamed , Nabhani Mohamed , Bou‐Saïd Benyebka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe couple stress effects on hydrodynamic performances of poroelastic squeeze film in the case of infinitely long parallel plates are examined in this paper. The lower plate is a poroelastic matrix saturated by a Newtonian fluid. The poroelasticity is taken into account by the means of homogenisation method. The rheological behaviour of the lubricant is described by the Stokes couple stress fluid theory. The modified Reynolds equation accounting for the couple stress, the elasticity of the poroelastic plate and the slip velocity condition at the film–poroelastic plate interface is derived. The governing equations in the fluid film and poroelastic plate are discretised by finite difference method and solved iteratively by using Gauss–Seidel method. The fluid film and poroelastic plate coupling is managed by the iterative fixed point technique. A computer program is developed in this study. The result analysis shows that couple stress effects on poroelastic squeeze film performances are significant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐volume excitation and parallel reconstruction for J‐difference‐edited MR spectroscopy
Authors: Oeltzschner Georg , Puts Nicolaas A.J. , Chan Kimberly L. , Boer Vincent O. , Barker Peter B. , Edden Richard A.E. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo develop J‐difference editing with parallel reconstruction in accelerated multivoxel (PRIAM) for simultaneous measurement in two separate brain regions of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutathione.MethodsPRIAM separates signals from two simultaneously excited voxels using receiver‐coil sensitivity profiles. PRIAM was implemented into Mescher‐Garwood (MEGA) edited experiments at 3 Tesla (T), and validated by acquiring dual‐voxel MEGA‐PRIAM (and compared with conventional single‐voxel MEGA‐PRESS) spectra from a GABA/glutathione phantom, and 11 healthy participants.ResultsMEGA‐PRIAM effectively separated phantom spectra with ∼3–4% between‐voxel contamination. GABA and glutathione measurements agreed well with those obtained using single‐voxel MEGA‐PRESS (mean difference was below 2% in GABA levels, and below 7% in glutathione levels). In vivo, GABA‐ and glutathione‐edited spectra were successfully reconstructed with a mean in vivo g‐factor of 1.025 (typical voxel‐center separation: 7–8 cm). MEGA‐PRIAM experiments showed higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than sequential single‐voxel experiments of the same total duration (mean improvement 1.38 ± 0.24).ConclusionsSimultaneous acquisition of J‐difference‐edited GABA or glutathione spectra from two voxels is feasible at 3 T. MEGA‐PRIAM increases data acquisition rates compared with MEGA‐PRESS by a factor of 2. Magn Reson Med 77:16–22, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Women's choices for invasive or non‐invasive testing: influence of gestational age and service delivery
Authors: Chen An , Tenhunen Henni , Torkki Paulus , Heinonen Seppo , Lillrank Paul , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the factors influencing women's post‐counseling choices between non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and invasive prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies with elevated a priori risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities or after the initial screening.MethodsData were collected from test choice database at Fetomaternal Medical Center (FMC) at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. We focused on the women with gestational age less than 15 weeks and who were offered NIPT or invasive procedure (CVS or amniocentesis) after pre‐test counseling. The Chi‐square test, ANOVA test and multinomial logistic regressions were used to explore significant factors affecting women's choice.ResultsIn 2015, 333 women in our study group participated in prenatal testing, 260 (78.1%) initially chose NIPT, 62 (18.6%) chose CVS and 11 (3.3%) chose amniocentesis. There was a statistically significant difference among these three test groups with regard to gestational age (p = 0.025), counseling day (p < 0.001), certain medical indications and serum screening risk score (p = 0.028). However, multinomial logistic regressions only confirmed the predictive value of gestational age and counseling day on women's choice.ConclusionsMaternal age was not a strong factor affecting women's choice for prenatal further tests. Medical indications and risk scores have less influence than previously thought. Gestational age and service availability were strong factors. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure calculation of Si1−xSnx compound alloy using interacting quasi‐band theory
Authors: Oda Masato , Kuroda Yukina , Kishi Ayaka , Shinozuka Yuzo 
Published: November 2016

We investigate energy band structures of the Si1−xSnx compound alloy in the zincblende structure using interacting quasi‐band (IQB) theory. We first extend the IQB theory for four‐element compounds and subsequently calculate the electronic structures of the virtual Si1−xSnxSi1−ySny alloy where x = y. Diagonalizing a 20 × 20 non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix using sp3s* empirical tight‐binding model with parameters obtained for the Si, Sn, and SiSn (zincblende) crystals, we obtain the electronic energy spectrum of the Si1−xSnx alloy for arbitrary x. Comparing the band structures, we reveal that the indirect–direct gap crossover in Si1−xSnx alloys occurs around x = 0.67 with Eg = 0.87 eV.Calculated Sn concentration dependence of energy gaps in Si1−xSnx alloy.