bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON IN BENEFITS OF HERBAL MOUTHWASHES WITH CHLORHEXIDINE MOUTHWASH: A REVIEW
Authors: Selvakumar Renuka , Np Muralidharan 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To discuss the benefits of herbal mouthwashes with the standard chlorhexidine mouthwash. This review is conducted to explore the benefits of herbal mouthwashes.Methods: Many herbal extracts are now available as mouthwash for maintaining the good oral hygiene. Plaque accumulation and increase in oral micro- organisms are the main factors for poor oral hygiene. Herbal extracts such as German chamomile, Terminalia chebula, Aloe vera, Green tea, peppermint satva, turmeric, neem, triphala, pomegranate extracts, guava extract, propolis, alum, darim leaves, mulethi, etc., are similar to chlorhexidine in plaque control and gingivitis reduction. Many herbal mouthwashes contain herbs with anti-microbial property such as neem, yavani satva, nagavalli, Gandhapura taila, pilu, Bibhitaka, Ocimum, Echinacea, Chameli leaves, etc. Many herbs are with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property such as neem, clove, triphala (combination of amalaki, haritaki, and vibhitaki), tulsi, grapefruit, celery, licorice, katha, spearmint, and chamomile essential oil. Some herbal mouthwash with chamomile extract kills some skin pathogens such as staphylococcus and Candida species. Mixture of Staphysagria, Chamomilla, Echinacea, Plantago, Ocimum, and Cistus extracts used as mouth wash which was is better than chlorhexidine in reducing salivary mutans streptococcicount. Hence usage of herbal mouthwash will enhance the oral hygiene comparatively with chlorhexidine mouthwash without any adverse effects. Result: Though herbal mouthwashes has the ability to maintain good oral hygiene on daily basis, but still it is less effective than chlorhexidine mouthwash during treatments like gingivitis, periodontitis, trauma, etc. Conclusion: Besides the disadvantages, chlorhexidine mouthwash plays effective role during dental treatments on short term usage. Herbal mouthwashes are suitable for maintaining good oral prophylaxis. Many programs have to be conducted to make them aware about mouthwashes in their oral hygiene.Keywords: Chlorhexidine, Herbal, Mouthwash, Oral hygiene, Prophylaxis.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PERINDOPRIL MICROENCAPSULES BY USING DIFFERENT POLYMER
Authors: Jacob Leena , Tv Abhilash , Abraham Shajan 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The study was carried out with an objective to achieve a potential sustained release oral drug delivery system of an antihypertensive drug, Perindopril which is a ACE inhibitor having half life of 2 hours. Perindopril is water soluble drug, so we can control or delay the release rate of drug by using release retarding polymers. This may also decrease the toxic side effects by preventing the high initial concentration in the blood.Method: Microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit L100 and Ethyl cellulose as a retarding agent to control the release rate and magnesium stearate as an inert dispersing carrier to decrease the interfacial tension between lipophilic and hydrophilic phase. Results: Prepared microcapsules were evaluated for the particle size, percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, flow property and in vitro drug release for 12 h. Results indicated that the percentage yield, mean particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and the micrometric properties of the microcapsules was influenced by various drug: polymer ratio. The release rate of microcapsules could be controlled as desired by adjusting the combination ratio of dispersing agents to retarding agents.Conclusion:Perindopril microcapsules can be successfully designed to develop sustained drug delivery, that reduces the dosing frequency and their by one can increase the patient compliance.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG HEALTH-CARE STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES IN CHENNAI
Authors: Chinnathambi Kanniammal , Mangeswari Latha , Mahendra Jaideep 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge among health-care students (HCS) toward human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in dental and nursing colleges at Chennai.Methods: A quantitative approach and descriptive research design were adopted for the present study. HIV knowledge questionnaire-45 was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding HIV and PLHIV. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of samples.Results: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Among 600 HCS, 274 (46%) had inadequate knowledge, 191 (32%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and about 135 (23%) students had adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 10.94.Conclusion: HCS are in need of intense teaching program with various teaching methods which help to enhance their knowledge level and to eliminate the fear and stigma about handling of PLHIV.Keywords: The health-care students, Level of knowledge, Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, People living with human immunodeficiency virus.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF LEAVES OF PIPER UMBELLATUM
Authors: Geetha Sethupandian , Irulandi Kokkaiah , Mehalingam Palanichamy 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was designed to determine the Total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of different solvent extracts of Piper umbellatum. Methods: Different solvent extracts evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging activity and Reducing power activity.Results: The presence of phenol and flavonoid showed highly in the methanol extracts than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. All the extracts have various level of antioxidant activity. Methanol solvent extract have good extraction and show significant antioxidant activity. The effect of reducing power of methanol extract revealed good antioxidant activity compare with other tested extracts.Conclusion: On the basis of the above results we concluded that methanol extract of Piper umbellatum whole plant extracts shows significant antioxidant activity than ethyl acetate and acetone extracts.Keywords: Piper umbellatum, Antioxidant, DPPH, FRAP assay, Polar, Non polar solvents
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED INDIAN FOLK MEDICINAL PLANTS: MYRISTICA FATUA, ALSTONIA BOONEI, HELICTERES ISORA, VITEX ALTISSIMA AND ATALANTIA RACEMOSA
Authors: Irulandi Kokkaiah , Geetha Sethupandian , Mehalingam Palanichamy 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To determine antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of Myristica fatua, Alstonia boonei, Helicteres isora, Vitex altissima and Atalantia racemosa against different species of pathogens, Streptococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphyllococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was measured by agar well diffusion method.Results: Acetone extracts of Alstonia boonei showed the highest inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (21.00 ± 1.00 mm) and Streptococcus faecalis (19.00 ± 1.00 mm). All the extracts of Heliteres isora leaves showed different zone of inhibition observed in all the tested pathogens ranges between (8.13 ± 1.53 – 15.25 ± 1.23 mm). Ethyl acetate extract of Vitex altissima showed highest activity against Bacillus sublilis (19.67 ± 1.53 mm). Methanol and acetone leaves extracts of Atalantia racemosa have good fungal activity against the Candida albicans (19.33 ± 1.26 mm - 16.00 ± 1.00 mm). Methanol extract of Myristica fatua showed high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.10 ± 0.17 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (14.23 ± 0.21 mm).Conclusion: The results from the study suggest that the leaves Myristica fatua, Alstonia boonei, Helicteres isora, Vitex altissima and Atalantia racemosa showed good antimicrobial activity against the different pathogens. They are used as the alternative source for the control and treatment of microbial infections.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Leaves extracts, Well diffusion method, Pathogenic strains.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN- VITRO EVALUATION OF FLOATING MATRIX DOSAGE FORM OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE USING VARIOUS POLYMERS
Authors: Anepu Sarada , Duppala Lohithasu , M Soma Sundari 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The purpose of present study was to formulate the gastro retentive floating tablets of tramadol hydrochloride for enhancement of the gastric residence time.Methods: The floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for hardness, thickness, and friability of the tablets. The in vitro drug release studies were performed for different formulations and to optimize the best formulae based on the dissolution profiles.Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that there was no interaction between tramodol hydrocholride and excipients. The formulated tablets were evaluated for properties like weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, density and floating properties, matrix integrity and complied with USP requirements. The tablets of optimized formula had floating lag time of 120, 72 and 96 seconds and the tablets remained in the floating condition for more than 12 h. The results of drug excipients compatibility studies suggest that there was no significant change in the physical appearance of these blends, when stored at 40 °C/75% RH for a period of 4 weeks. Among various trial formulations developed with different concentration of polymer F3 (HPMC K4 M with 120mg of polymer), F5 (HPMC K15 M with 100 mg polymer), F11 (PEO WSR 303 with 100mg polymer), were chosen as the optimized formulations based on the release profile.Conclusion: Tramodol HCl floating tablets were successfully made using various polymers for the enhancement of the gastric residence time. From the present study it was concluded that hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K 4 M can be used as effective polymer for the formulation of floating effervescent tablets of highly soluble drug indicating successful development of sustained release floating drug delivery system.Key words: Tramodol HCl, floating tablets, PEO 303 WSR, PEO N60, HPMC K 4 M, HPMC K15 M and HPMC K 100 M.
ANTIOXIDANT AND GASTRIC ULCER HEALING EFFECT OF ORTHOSIPHONSTAMINEUS (BENTH.) LEAVES EXTRACT IN ASPIRIN-INDUCED RATS
Authors: Yuniarto Ari - 
Published: April 2017

Objective: In the gastrointestinal system, gastric ulcer is one of the common serious problems in human life and gives contribution against morbidity and mortality incidence. The pathophysiology of gastric ulcer is an imbalance between aggressive factor and mucosal integrity factor. Increase of aggressive factors and decrease of mucosal integrity factors have potential against developed of gastric ulcer disease. The objective of the research was to evaluate antioxidant and gastric ulcer healing effect of Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract in aspirin-induced rats.Methods: In vivo antiulcer activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated through several parameters involves gastric acidity, number of ulcers, diameters of ulcers, ulcer index (UI), and healing ratio. Dose level of Orthosiphon leaves extract which used in this study such as 250 and500 mg/kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon leaves extract was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) method. Histopathological of the stomach was performed using hematoxylin-eosin stained.Results: The results of the study showed that groups which given Orthosiphon leaves extract have significantly different for gastric ulcer healing compared to the control group and were supported by histopathological analysis. The Orthosiphon leaves extract also showed maximum scavengingactivity at a concentration of 100 µg/ml (58.86% inhibition) and minimum at 50 μg/ml (29.60% inhibition) with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC )50 84.54 µg/ml when compared to ascorbic acid as the standard with IC5.08 µg/ml by DPPH method.Conclusion: It can be concluded that from the experimental study of O. stamineus (Benth.) leaves extract has potential antiulcer activity in aspirin- induced rats model and antioxidant effect using DPPH method. Stomach tissues regeneration in gastric ulcer model might be affected by the improvement of antioxidant status.Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.), Extract, Ulcer, Aspirin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate.
CONVENTIONAL AND RECENT DIAGNOSTIC AIDS IN TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Authors: Hasan Shamimul , Saeed Shazina 
Published: April 2017

One of the most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis and accounts for 20-40% of the cases. Tuberculous lymphadenitis has a gender and age predilection (usually seen in young females). It is usually bilateral in presentation and is non-contagious. Recent upsurge in HIV co-infection has challenged the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis and of associated lymphadenopathy. In the endemic areas, tuberculous lymphadenitis remains an important and essential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with cervical swellings. A timely and accurate diagnosis is mandatory to overcome this public health threat. Interdisciplinary involvement of varied medical and dental professionals enhances the possibility of an effective and timely diagnosis of this condition. Keywords: Cervical lymphadenopathy, Diagnosis, Management, Tuberculosis.
HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ELLAGIC ACID IN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO PLANT PARTS OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L.) VENT.
Authors: Rami Esha , Rami Saurabh , Patel Illa 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was performed to investigate the comparative analysis of ellagic acid content in in vivo (stem, leaf and root) and in vitro (callus, in vitro developed root and shoot) samples of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. an important medicinal plant.Methods: For in vitro culture, seedling explants were inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog’s, 1962) medium, supplemented with BAP and Kn alone and combination with IAA. Analytical method HPLC was developed for the quantification of ellagic acid in in vivo and in vitro samples.Result: BAP combination with IAA was best for shoot multiplication, BAP with 2,4-D were used for callus proliferation. HPLC analysis of these extracts revealed that the quantity of ellagic acid present in both the samples but maximum ellagic acid content was obtained in leaves among all plant parts.Conclusion: Hence, the present study showed the in vivo as well as in vitro samples contain ellagic acid. That can be used for its large scale production in future. Key-words: Oroxylum indicum, ellagic acid, HPLC
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND ITS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVIT FROM THE BARKS OF Cinnamomum sintok Bl OF TWO DISTRICTS IN MIDDLE JAVA
Authors: Muchtaridi Muchtaridi , Sumiw Sri , Nuwarda Rina F 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine of volatile compounds of essential oils from Cinnamomum sintoc B1 (sintok) barks belongs to Lauraceae of two Districts of Middle Java.Methods: Analysis of essential oil components from the barks of Cinnamomum sintoc Bl was performed by confirmation of the linear retention index (LRI), following by the comparison of NIST library peak and mass spectrum peak with literature data.Results: The essential oils from Yogyakarta and Jember of Cinnamomum sintoc Bl obtained by steam distillation with percentage of 1.10% and 1.15% (w/w), respectively, with eugenol and methyl eugenol having higher percentage compare to other components, 35-38% and less than 10%, respectively. The sintok barks oil of Yogyakarta at 0.1 mL a dose decreased the locomotor activity as much as 11.33 %, while at 0.3 and 0.5 mL doses increased the locomotor activity as much as 35.83 % and 51.13 %.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the inhalation of sintok barks oil gave different influence to locomotor activity depends on the doses given.Keywords: Cinnamomum sintoc Bl, methyl eugeunol, LRI, and eugenol
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB. OF NEPAL
Authors: Subba Bimala , Seling Tank Raj , Kandel Ram Chandra , Phuyal Ganga Prasad 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to study and compare the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Amomum subulatum Roxb. seeds collected from two different regions of Nepal.Methods: Antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and Antibacterial activity was measured by agar well-diffusion method.Results: Results showed that both sample extracts had interesting antibacterial activity against all test microorganisms and had remarkable radical scavenging potential to be used as an antioxidant. Sample B (i.e., collected from high altitude Taplejung district) exerted comparative quit higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activity than the Sample A (i.e., is collected from low altitude Panchthar district). However, the standard antibacterial drug Tetracycline exhibits superior activity than the extracts.Conclusions: The results suggest that both samples (i.e., seed extract of A. subulatum Roxb.) possess almost similar moderate antibacterial and antioxidant activity in comparison to standards which justifies the traditional use of this plant.Keywords: Extract, Cardamom, Activity, Medicinal plants, Seeds, Bacillus pumilus.
A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA
Authors: Khare Pragati , Kishore Kamal , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Objective: In today’s scenario, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects incomparison to the allopathic medicines. Bauhinia variegata L. (Mountain Ebony), commonly called Kachnar, belongs to the family Leguminosae.It is a medium-sized tree, mostly found at an altitude of 1300 m in the Himalayas. The objectives of the present study are to investigate variouspharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of B. variegata.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values.Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The leaf microscopy revealed the presence of upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, well-developed vascular bundle. The fluorescencecharacteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents.Kachnar is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 8.15%. The acidinsoluble ash value was 5.5%.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of B. variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, andpharmacological properties.Keywords: Flavonoids, Kachnar, Alkaloids, Antioxidant, Leguminosae.
INSILICO DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Authors: Pappachen Leena K , Zachariah Subin Mary , Chandran Deepthy 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrollable, irreversible, independent, autonomous, uncoordinated and relatively unlimited and abnormal over growth of tissues. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. The aim of the study is to carry out the docking studies, synthesis and anti-tumour activities of Benzothiazole derivatives containing oxadiazole groups or amino groups.Methods: The docking studies of benzothiazole derivatives were done with known anti-cancer targets like oestrogen receptor by using argus lab and auto dock programmes with the standard drug tamoxifen. Based upon the results obtained from the molecular modeling, the derivatives were selected for the synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, MASS spectral data and screened for their in- vitro anti-cancer activities.Results: The docking scores obtained for benzothiazole derivatives (BT1,BT2,BT3,BT4) and std.tamoxifen from the preliminary docking program by using argusLab were- 9.68,-9.4,-9.59, -11.1988,-9.71 and by using autodock program were -6.29, -5.25,-7.19,-7.48,-3.86 respectively. All the four derivatives were synthesized, characterized and subjected to in vitro anticancer screening by MTT assay in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Compounds DBT1, DBT2, DBT3 were the most active compounds against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 70.0, 64.0 and 65.0, respectively.Conclusion: All the four derivatives show good docking scores when compared to standard drug and can be concluded that all the synthesized benzothiazole ligands show good anti-cancer property.Keywords: Benzothiazole, Oxadiazole, Estrogen receptor, Anticancer targets.
PRODUCTION OF KERATINASES FROM NOCARDIOPSIS SP. 28ROR AS A NOVEL IRAQI STRAIN
Authors: Al-jelawi- Rabab Omran 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: isolate a novel feather- degrading actinobacterial species had the ability to produce wide pH activity keratinases.Methods: Of 23 actinobacterial isolates were recovered from farm soil, poultry farm soil and feather wastes, these isolates were screened for protease and keratinase production on skim milk agar, feather media, and antimicrobial production. One potential isolate was identified depending on phenotypical, physiological and molecular according to partial sequences of 16S r RNA gene analysis and optimized keratinase production. Results: 11 isolates out of 22 protease producer had the ability to degrade raw chicken feather and some of these isolates produced antifungal and antibacterial metabolites.The potential isolate, Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR (GenBank: KC702802.1), produced two types of extracellular keratinases in feather meal medium at pH6 (acid type), 30-35°C for 7d and the alkaline keratinase at pH10, 40°C for 7d.Conclusion: The Nocardiopsis sp. 28ROR was a novel strain produced keratinases using feather meal degradation as a cheap waste medium. The wide tolerance of temperature and pH by keratinase makes it an ideal contender to be investigated further for potential application as a detergent additive.Keywords: Nocardiopsis, Keratinase, Optimization, Feather medium, Antibiotic.